bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ МЕЖДУ НАГНЕТАТЕЛЬНЫМИ И ДОБЫВАЮЩИМИ СКВАЖИНАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ МНОГОУРОВНЕВЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Пономарева Инна Николаевна , Мартюшев Дмитрий Александрович , Черный Константин Анатольевич
Published: February 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что гидродинамическая связь между нагнетательной и добывающей скважинами –важнейшее условие полной выработки запасов. Изучение закономерности распределения объемов закачки в пределах целевого объекта – важнейшая задача мониторинга его разработки. На сегодняшний день предприятия нефтегазовой промышленности для этих целей применяют методы гидропрослушивания и индикаторных исследований. Данные методы могут наиболее точно оценить направления движения фильтрационных потоков, но ввиду дороговизны и длительности проведения данных исследований на месторождениях Пермского края проводятся нечасто. В работе предлагается оценивать распределение объемов закачки в пределах элемента системы разработки посредством корреляции накопленных характеристик их работы. Цель: разработка косвенного способа, позволяющего количественно оценить распределение закачиваемой в пласт воды, основанного на использовании промыслового материала. Объект: карбонатные залежи Гагаринского, Озерного и Опалихинского нефтяных месторождений. Методы: геолого-промысловые исследования, корреляционный анализ. Результаты. Многоуровневое статистическое моделирование позволило установить стадийность процесса влияния накопленной закачки на накопленную добычу жидкости и на количественном уровне обосновать граничные значения перехода от одной стадии к другой. Выполненный анализ динамики коэффициента корреляции между накопленными значениями закачки воды и добычи жидкости позволил установить качественные показатели работы системы заводнения в пределах рассматриваемого элемента системы разработки. Полученные качественные показатели работы системы заводнения демонстрируют высокую достоверность практического применения, что подтверждено материалами трассерных исследований, применительно к карбонатным залежам Гагаринского, Озерного и Опалихинского нефтяных месторождений.
Genetics and Phenotypic Analysis of First Lactation Production, Reproduction and Part Lactation Traits in Frieswal Cattle
Authors: . Rajeev , Kumar Ravinder
Published: February 2021

Background: The Frieswal cattle a crossbred cattle breed having 62.50 per cent of exotic (inheritance) having total lactation milk yield of 4000 Kg with average lactation length 300 days (PDC Annual Report, 2015-16). Presently, the Frieswal Animal is mainly maintained at 36 Military Farms located in various agro-climatic regions in the country. Methods: The present study was undertaken on first Part lactation production, reproduction and part lactation records of 1470 Frieswal cows maintained over a period of 10 years (2003-2012) two military farms viz Meerut and Ambala at CIRC, Meerut. Result: The estimate the heritability of production and reproduction traits were 0.29 ±0 .098,0.142±.081, 0.130±0.079, 0.087 ±.074, 0.631 ± 0.255, 0.345 ± 0.247 and 0.100 ± 0.153 for standard 305 days milk yield, age of first calving (AFC), First lactation total milk yield (FLMY), First lactation 305-day or less milk yield (FL305DMY), First lactation length (FLL), Inter calving interval (ICI), First dry period (FDP), First Service Period (FSP), respectively. All the genetic and phenotypic correlation among different production and reproduction traits were high and positive. The estimates of heritability of first lactation individual part monthly yields in Frieswal cattle were found to be 0.100 ± 0.069, 0.105 ± .070, 0.100 ± 0.069, 0.112 ± 0.071, 0.204 ± 0.086, 0.160±0.079, 0.176 ± 0.081, 0.221 ± 0.088, 0.213 ± 0.087 and 0.192 ± 0.09, respectively.
Inhibitory Effect of Herbs on Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Enzyme from Escherichia coli of Healthy Broilers
Authors: Shrivastav Arpita , Sharma R.K. , Shrivastav Neeraj , Gautam Vidhi , Jain S.K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has risen dramatically in Escherichia coli from poultry and other food animals due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme (ESBLs) which degrades third generation cephalosporins.Herbs could be a better alternative for such cases. Methods: Present study was undertaken on 400 caecal samples of healthy broilers, collected from various poultry sale outlets of Jabalpur (M.P.). Samples were screened phenotypically and genotypically for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli. Inhibitory effect of fruit peel juice of Punica granatum and Syzigium aromaticum oil observed on the Beta lactamase enzyme obtained from these positive samples by colorimetric method using CENTA and NITROCEFIN as chromogenic substrate. Result: Phenotypically 135 samples/isolates were ESBL producing E.coli. On multiplex PCR assay 76 positive samples with bla TEM, blaCTX and bla SHV, gene was obtained. Oil of Syzygium aromaticum showed maximium per cent inhibition, Punica granatum depicted lower per cent inhibition with CENTA and NITROCEFIN respectively. Combination of both herbs showed increased inhibition. Tazobactum, (100µM) taken as the standard control exhibited 99.88 and 98 per cent inhibition of ESBL enzyme.
Specific features of sandstones of Upper Devonian Tayokuyakhinskaya Formation on southeastern slope of the Kanin Kamen range (Kanin Peninsula)
Authors: Nikulova N. Yu. , Pavlova M. A.
Published: February 2021

The results of studying the lithological and geochemical characteristics of sandstones of the Upper Devonian Tayaokuyakhinskaya Formation in the southeastern part of the Kanin Nos Peninsula are presented. The accumulation of sandstones of the Tayaokuyakhinskaya Formation occurred in the absence of volcanic activity in a shallow basin with small periodic fluctuations in sea level, which led to a change in the degree of maturity, sorting, and the ratio of clay and sandy components in the rock. The accumulation of the psammitic strata occurred due to the destruction and redeposition of weakly weathered sedimentary rocks in a moderately warm climate. It was established that the formation of the composition of sandstones was influenced by at least two sources of clastic material — garnet-bearing crystalline shales and feldspar-quartz sandstones metamorphosed into the greenschist facies. The latter, most likely, were the source of the indicative gold contents found in the Devonian clastic rocks.
Reservoirs in carbonates of the lower oil and gas-bearing complex of the Timan-Pechora Province (for the anniversary of T. V. Maydl)
Authors: Timonina N. N. , Danshchikova I. I.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents Tatyana V. Maydl’s researches of formation and patterns of distribution of natural reservoirs in carbonate deposits of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province. Tatyana Viktorovna Maydl is a recognized specialist in oil and gas geology. Her significant contribution to the development of the theoretical base of formation of carbonate deposits in the region, reconstruction of sedimentation conditions, finding degree of influence of secondary transformations on the reservoir and filtration properties of carbonate rocks, development of the basis for geological models of carbonate reservoirs, are analyzed. In the field of studying the morphology of the void space in low-capacity carbonate reservoirs, T. V. Maydl found that in the Lower Silurian dolomites with a shadow biohermal structure had the best filtration features, and in the Upper Silurian — bioclastic limestones. The main volume of the void space in the first type is associated with caverns and cracks, in the second — with matrix porosity. We showed that the results of T. V. Maydl’s work were not only of theoretical, but also of practical importance.
Hydrogen Peroxide: A Novel Mechanism of Its Production from Pure Water
Authors: ROS Editorial Office
Published: February 2021

The latest cutting-edge research findings published in highly influential journals have greatly advanced our current understanding of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a notable reactive oxygen species, in chemistry, biology, and medicine. In this context, recent studies by J.K. Lee et al., published in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, discovered a novel mechanism of spontaneous production of H₂O₂ from pure water in the absence of catalysts or external electric field. This discovery by J.K. Lee et al. has changed our view on the chemical connection between H₂O₂ and H₂O though the biological significance of the discovery remains unknown.
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Hopkins RZ. Hydrogen peroxide in biology and medicine: an overview. React Oxyg Species (Apex) 2017; 3(7):26–37. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20455/ros.2017.809.
Bergman P, Parise B, Liseau R, Larsson B, Olofsson H, Menten KM, et al. Detection of interstellar hydrogen peroxide. Astronomy Astrophysics 2011; 531:L8. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117170.
Lee JK, Walker KL, Han HS, Kang J, Prinz FB, Waymouth RM, et al. Spontaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide from aqueous microdroplets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2019; 116(39):19294‒8. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911883116.
Lee JK, Han HS, Chaikasetsin S, Marron DP, Waymouth RM, Prinz FB, et al. Condensing water vapor to droplets generates hydrogen peroxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2020; 117(49):30934‒41. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020158117.
Russian-Chinese Banking Cooperation
Authors: Vdovin A.
Published: February 2021

The article considers current status and trends of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the banking sector. Firstly, it examines scope of activities and main results of specialized inter-state mechanism of deepening inter-bank cooperation between Russia and China. Secondly, a detailed analysis of Chinese banking institutions’ operations in the Russian market is given. The author points out that until now the main reasons for the Chinese banks’ activities in the Russian market have political nature while purely commercial considerations are of secondary importance. The client base mainly consists of Chinese companies and enterprises doing their business in Russia. The revenues of Chinese banks here are primarily generated by interest income. Chinese banks demonstrate low-key approach to searching of new and expansion of existing areas of their business. There is no evidence of major expansion in investment and lending to local businesses, deepening work in the retail sector, etc. Chinese banks retain limited geographical presence in Russia. Thirdly, the scope and trends of Russian banks’ activities in China are analyzed. The author explains extremely weak presence of Russian banks in China (including Hong Kong) and lack of dynamism in their operations in the local market. The key problems are singled out. Mostly, they are determined by the specifics of the Chinese banking sector functioning. In particular, tangible complexity persists in attracting funding from Chinese banks. The documentary operations (letters of credit, factoring) are not yet actively used in the work with the Chinese market. The commercial incentives to work with China remain small for the Russian banks. A general conclusion is drawn that in short term one should not expect any serious penetration of Russian banks into the PRC.
The European Union “Fish Wars”
Authors: Rudenkova D.
Published: February 2021

The European Union member states are dramatically vulnerable in fisheries management and related issues of market and trade policy. The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is designed to promote sustainable fishing following principles of both environmental safety and economic stability over the long-term perspective. The CFP was first introduced in 1970 and since that time went though several updates. The most recent reform took effect on January 1st, 2014. This article seeks to analyse new practices and principles of CFP in the framework of multilevel governance concept. The reform has changed the way in which the CFP is managed, giving EU members greater control at national and regional levels which does not affect established principles of supranational governance in fisheries policy. As a major fishing power and the largest single market for fisheries products in the world, the EU also plays an important role in promoting better governance through a number of international organisations. The examples of “herring wars” and “tuna wars” give understanding of CFP decision-making process on international level and dispute settlement procedure through WTO. While analyzing both cases one may conclude that the EU is likely to handle trade conflicts through negotiations and consultations rather than through litigation. However, due to emerging trade conflicts with the third parties and further dispute settlement in the WTO the Eropean Union has to temper its ambitions and adjust its approach and pathway of global governance. Before pretending to being a true international actor the EU would better reconcile all the contradictions between its member states in order to be able to manage emerging crises and fully implement its decisions. Acknowledgment. The article has been prepared in the framework of the grant of Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund, no. 14-07-00046.
On Inversion of Globalization Vector and Functions
Authors: Gadzhiev K.
Published: February 2021

This article aims to analyze some of the most notable trends and processes, which in recent years, especially in the context of the global financial and economic crisis, led to a kind of inversion of the globalization purpose and functions. A watershed, which is more or less clearly manifested in these adjustments, is the present global financial and economic crisis. The essence of these transformations is an unprecedented increase in the permeability of national and state borders on a worldwide scale leading to profound dispersal of property, wealth, knowledge, science, information technology, and hence diffusion and redistribution of the relative geopolitical power and energy between nations, states and regions. The huge growth of Asia holds the key position in these grand shifts. In general, social and economic-technological breakthrough in East Asia is accompanied with genuine culture and socio-psychological revolution, in the course of which people of the region substantially overcome the inferiority complex towards the West. It is shown that globalization started by industrialized countries of the West in their own interests, gradually created conditions for economic and technological breakthrough of the so-called developing countries represented by China, India, Russia, Brazil, and South Africa (united in the BRICS organization). Originally the brainchild of the West, globalization gradually becomes a springboard from which these countries are able not only to challenge the developed world, but also to qualify for the leading roles in the global economy and, consequently, in world politics. Key positions in the world economy are taken by China, which has become the second economic power in the modern world, and will soon take the top spot.
World Manufacturing: Global Shifts in Competitive Costs
Authors: Kondrat’ev V.
Published: February 2021

For almost three decades a traditional conception of the world has driven corporate manufacturing investment and sourcing division. Latina America, Eastern Europe and most of Asia have been viewed as low-cost regions. The USA, Western Europe and Japan have been viewed as economies with too high costs. But now such a view appears to become more and more obsolete. Years of steady changes in wages, productivity, energy costs, national currencies’ values and other factors are quietly but dramatically redrawing the map of global manufacturing cost competitiveness. In some cases the shifts in relative costs are startling. Nobody has thought a decade ago that Brazil would now be one of the highest-cost countries for manufacturing or that Mexico could be cheaper production place than China. While London remains one of the priciest cities in the world to live and visit, the UK has become the lowest-cost manufacturer in Western Europe. Costs in Russia and many of Eastern Europe nations have risen to near parity with the US. The paper considers the ongoing shifts in the relative costs that should drive many companies to rethink decades-old assumption on their sourcing strategies and allocation of new production capacities. To identify and compare the shifts in relative costs the author analyzed statistical data for the period 2004–2014. It is concluded that four factors are responsible for dramatic shifts in manufacturing competitiveness: wages, exchange rates, labor productivity and energy costs. The dramatic shifts in relative costs could drive another large-scale transformation of the global economy as companies are prompted to reassess their manufacturing footprints. These trends also have implications for governments whose leaders increasingly recognize the economic importance of a stable manufacturing base. The author’s findings will, hopefully, encourage policy-makers in Russia to identify growing areas of strength and weakness and to take adequate actions to shore up the nation’s manufacturing competitiveness.
Foreign Investment of Russians with Second Citizenship or Foreign Residence Permit
Authors: Setkaliev R.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the main features of foreign investments of the Russians who have dual citizenship and/or foreign residence permit. The main task is to find out the reasons for obtaining the second passport by the businessmen and the representatives of the Russian middle-class. The author points that the majority of the businessmen has the largest part of their assets in Russia. Also, their assets may be registered in offshore jurisdictions other than the countries of the second citizenship. As for the countries of dual citizenship, there are usually second-rate assets’ allocations of two categories: (1) required for citizenship-by-investment programs and (2) invested into the real estate or ready made business (for example, into the leading hi-tech companies supplying their products to the Russian Federation). Therefore, business reasons cannot be considered as the principal motivation for acquiring the second citizenship. The more specific reasons may differ. Firstly, many Russian businessmen moved abroad during 1990s in order to avoid the political turbulence. Secondly, some businessmen used their original foreign citizenship for developing business in Russia. Generally, foreign citizenship has been regarded by all businessmen as a certain precaution from the pressures from the local law enforcement bodies and as a driver of business contacts due to visa-free travelling. The article also covers the foreign investment activities of those ordinary Russian citizens who buy real estate in foreign countries in order to acquire a residence permit. An analysis of the available data of foreign real estate agencies and migration services is undertaken. It is concluded that most of middle-class Russians buy real estate abroad not with aim to emigrate from Russia but to acquire a place for spending vacations and, to a lesser extent, to live after retirement. Acknowledgments. The article has been suppoted by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project № 14-28-00097 “The optimization of Russian foreign investment ties in the context of deteriorating relations with the EU”).
Political and Legal Aspects of Russia’s and US Natural Resources Strategies in Arctic Region
Authors: Pankevich N.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the situation of competition for resources (primarily oil and gas) between states, in the Arctic Region. The reasoning is generally based on the assumption that today’s competitive process is mainly shaped and determined by the specificity of the international political system. At present, the founding principle of international environment is the assumption of the state territorial sovereignty that reduces the possibilities of action towards resources, mainly to remote supplies via international trade and territorialisation, i.e. embracing the parcel of interest by the state border and its inclusion into the space guarded by state sovereign authority. In turn, this leads to a crucial increase of the expansion on the sea importance, since the land territory is already delimited among the sovereign polities. For Russian Federation this means that the Arctic Region will acquire the greatest importance in the state territorial strategy. The author further analyses the strategies of Russia’s competitors from Arctic Region and beyond, and finds out that the U.S. strategy is of the principle importance, even though the Arctic does not present a first rank priority for this state. Nevertheless, the politics of the USA is an example of a novel approach to the outer territories that goes beyond the traditional view on international system. This approach is unilateral and is based on a novel reading of the sovereignty concept. The indicating point is not signing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that enables the USA to act with lesser need for coordination with other participants of the international system. The instrumental support for this policy is the increasing usage of extraterritorial application of national laws and particular norms. The article provides case analyses of such policies towards resources, companies, international organizations and can be used in the Arctic that presents an ideal place for extraterritorially shaped policy to implement. The article also posits that in Russia the lack of interest toward extraterritoriality of laws is evident, while this could become an effective instrument of the state interest promoting. Acknoledgement. The publication is prepared within the fundamental research project of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences No. 15-15-6-29 “Perspectives of Arctic Policies: Interests and Strategies of the World Leading States”.
Risk Management under Informational Asymmetry: to Differentiate Those Distinguishable
Authors: Milovidov V.
Published: February 2021

The article explores the specifics of dealing with the informational asymmetry. The author reviews various institutional and operational approaches enabling investors to deal with such asymmetry. These include: financial intermediaries, information agencies and advanced information technology, market portfolio and asset pricing modeling, algorithmic financial strategies and high-frequency trading, option strategies as well as personalized portfolio selection based on perspective assumptions theory. All of them could help investors to minimize the risks. However, none of them could serve as a comprehensive solution. Moreover, in practice they produce additional risks and conflicts of interest. The most known example is principal-agent problem. Under these circumstances one of the key investor’s goal is to increase his own ability to deal with informational asymmetry and market uncertainty. That is, investor wants to acquire a greater sense for choosing proactive risk management strategy and for not be fooled by randomness. Author believes that cause-effect relation drives most of all market events. How to deal with uncertainty and informational asymmetry while assuming that investor’s ability to collect and process all existed information is limited? It would be worth for any investor (or, broadly speaking, for any kind of economic actors) to focus their attention to the most meaningful informational signals or events which differ markedly from others. It is also suggested that such events may cause further meaningful effects. To define such informational signals author refers to well known “butterfly effect”. Similarly to the meteorological exponentially developing processes, in economic and social sphere we may find Exponentially Scalable Events, or ESE. ESE is meaningful informational event, which catalyzes significant changes in human economic and social life. Investor’s capability to recognize ESE helps to predict and properly assess the potential market fluctuations, thus to reduce long-term risks.
Methods of Governance in the European Union
Authors: Kaveshnikov N.
Published: February 2021

Most of existing researches on the methods of governance in the European Union (EU) are rather narrow in scope. Many of them investigate particular policies of the EU for the purpose of identifying and describing the details of the governance mode in use. Other researches provide a comparative analysis of the application of a particular method of governance in several EU policies. However, there is a clear lacuna in the field of systematization of all methods of governance usable in the EU. This article reveals a comprehensive system of EU methods of governance. They are based on six key principles: 1) EU methods of governance are not reducible to combinations of communitarian and intergovernmental approaches. 2) Methods of governance are linked with the level of decision-making (super-system, system and subsystem decisions). 3) There are seven basic methods of governance in the EU. Classic intergovernmental method is used to make “historic” decisions at the super-system level. Communitarian approach and intensive trans-governmentalism are the most common methods at the system level. One can distinguish four methods of governance at the subsystem level: regulation, distribution, policy coordination and executive method. 4) There is no univocal correspondence between methods of policy setting (system level) and policy implementation (subsystem level). 5) Identified methods of governance are the ideal types. In practice, implementation of particular policy in the EU is usually a combination of various governance methods. 6) Methods of governance used at the level of policy implementation could change in the course of time. The concept proposed reflects the inter-coupling between the level of decision-making and a method of governance in the EU. It offers a consistent systematization of EU methods of governance, and discloses the correspondence between methods of governance and EU policies. Developed theoretical concept can be used as a methodological basis for the research of EU activities in particular policy areas, of decision-making process in the EU, of the evolution of governance in particular policy areas.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Fissuration and Clinical Outcomes in Pre-Diabetics vs. Normoglycemics Patients Affected by Asymptomatic Significant Carotid Artery Stenosis at 2 Years of Follow-Up: Role of MIcRoRNAs Modulation. The ATIMIR Study
Authors: Sardu Celestino , Modugno Piero , Castellano Gaetano , Scisciola Lucia , Barbieri Michelangela , Petrella Lella , Fanelli Mara , Macchia Gabriella , Caradonna Eugenio , Massetti Massimo , Paolisso Giuseppe , Marfella Raffaele
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is a leading cause of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). This could be mainly evidenced in patients with pre-diabetes. Indeed, the altered glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance could cause over-inflammation of atherosclerotic plaque, favoring its conversion to unstable phenotype with rupture and MACE. Notably, the metformin therapy reducing the metabolic distress and the inflammatory burden, could lead to reduction of MACE in ACAS patients with pre-diabetes. In this setting, microRNAs (miRs) could be used as molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression, plaque rupture and worse prognosis in normoglycemics (NG) vs. pre-diabetics metformin users (PDMU) vs. pre-diabetics non metformin users (PDNMU). However, the aim of our study was to investigate a wide miRNA panel in peripheral blood exosomes from patients with ACAS divided in NG vs. PDMU vs. PDNMU, and to associate the circulating miRNA expression profiles with MACE at 2 years of follow-up after endarterectomy. METHODS—The study included 234 patients with ACAS divided in NG (n 125), PDNMU (n 73) and PDMU (n 36). The miRs’ expression profiles of circulating exosomes were determined at baseline and at 2 years of follow-up by Affymetrix microarrays from plasma samples of the patients from any study cohort. Then we collected and analyzed MACE at 2 years of follow-up in NG vs. PDMU vs. PDNMU. RESULTS—prediabetics vs. NG had over-inflammation (p<0.05) and over expressed miR 24 and miR 27 at baseline. At 2 years of follow-up PDNMU vs. NG, PDMU vs. NG and PDNMU vs. PDMU over-expressed inflammatory markers and miR 24, miR 27, miR 100, miR 126 and miR 133 (p<0.05). Finally, at follow-up end we observed a significant difference about MACE comparing PDNMU vs. NG (n 27 (36.9%) vs. n 8 (6.4%); p<0.05), PDNMU vs. PDMU (n 27 (36.9%) vs. n 6 (16.6%); p <0.05), and PDMU vs. NG (n 6 (16.6%) vs. n 8 (6.4%); p<0.05). Admission glucose values (HR 1.020, CI 95% [1.001-1.038], p 0.029), atheromatous carotid plaque (HR 5.373, CI 95% [1.251-11.079], p 0.024), and miR 24 (HR 3.842, CI 95% [1.768-19.222], p 0.011) predicted MACE at 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS—Specific circulating miRs could be over-expressed in pre-diabetics and specifically in PDNMU vs. PDMU after endarterectomy. MiR24, hyperglycemia and atheromatous plaque could predict MACE at 2 years of follow-up.
In Silico and In Vivo Assessment of L-17, a Thiadiazine Derivative with Putative Serotonin Reuptake Properties
Authors: Sarapultsev Alexey , Vassiliev Pavel , Grinchii Daniil , Paliokha Ruslan , Kochetkov Andrey , Sidorova Larisa , Sarapultsev Petr , Chupakhin Oleg , Rantsev Maxim , Spasov Alexander , Dremencov Eliyahu
Published: February 2021

L-17 is a thiadiazine derivative with putative anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like properties. In this study, we applied combined in silico and in vivo electrophysiology techniques to reveal the potential mechanism of action of L-17. PASS 10.4 Professional Extended software suggested that L-17 might have pro-cognitive, antidepressant, and antipsychotic effects. Docking energy assessment with AutoDockVina predicted that the binding affinities of L-17 to the serotonin transporter (SERT) and serotonin receptors 3 and 1A (5-HT3 and 5-HT1A) are compatible to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and selective antagonists of 5-HT3 and 5-HT1A receptors, granisetron and WAY100135, respectively. However, while the binding mechanisms of L-17 to the SERT and 5-HT1A receptor were similar to fluoxetine and WAY100135, its interacting with 5-HT3 receptor might be substantially different from this of granisetron. Acute administration of L-17 led to dose-dependent inhibition of firing activity of 5-HT neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus. This inhibition was partially reversed by subsequent administration of WAY100135. Based on both in silico and in vivo electrophysiology assessments, we suggest that L-17 is a potent 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and a putative partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptors. As such, L-17 in particular and thiadiazine derivatives, in general, might be a representative of a new class of antidepressant drugs. Since L-17 also possesses neuro- and cardioprotective properties, it can be useful in affective illness developing due to the general medical condition, such as post-stroke and post-myocardial infarction (MI) depression.
How One Pandemic Led To Another: Asfv, the Disruption Contributing To Sars-Cov-2 Emergence in Wuhan
Authors: Xia Wei , Hughes Joseph , Robertson David , Jiang Xiaowei
Published: February 2021

The spillover of a virus from one host species to another requires both molecular and ecological risk factors to align. While extensive research both before and after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 implicates horseshoe bat as the significant reservoir genus for the new coronavirus, it remains unclear why it emerged at this time. One massive disruption to human-animal contact in 2019 is linked to the on-going African swine fever virus (ASFV) pandemic. This began in Georgia in 2007 and was introduced to China in 2018. Pork is the major meat source in the Chinese diet. Severe fluctuations in the pork market prior to December 2019, may have increased the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronaviruses, from wildlife to humans, wildlife to livestock and non-local animals to local animals. The major production and consumption regions for pork are geographically separated in China. The dramatic shortage of pork following restrictions of pig movement and culling resulted in price increases, leading to alternative sources of meat and unusual animal and meat movements nationwide often involving wildlife and thus greatly increased opportunities for human-Sarbecovirus contacts. Pork prices were particularly high in southern provinces (Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei), where wildlife is farmed on different scales and more frequently consumed. Shandong experienced the biggest losses in pork production (~1.7 million metric tons), which is also the largest mink farming province. Hence, human exposure to SARS-CoV-2 from wildlife or infected animals are more likely to have taken place in 2019, when China was experiencing the worst effects of the ASFV pandemic.
Surveillance for COVID-19 in the English Football League 2019-2020
Authors: Basu Subhashis , Higgins Richard , Malhotra Aneil , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: February 2021

Medical surveillance and risk mitigation protocols to reduce viral transmission have underpinned the return of elite football during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the evidence-informed approach and surveillance findings from the English Football League across a 9-week period at the end of the 2019-20 season. Protocols were devised by the lead EFL Medical Advisor with specialist occupational medicine input. Isolation requirements for cases and contacts were in-line with UK Government regulations, with external contact tracing conducted by local public health authorities. Quantitative PCR testing was conducted twice weekly and within 72 hours of fixtures. 43 individuals, including 18 players returned positive tests. No positive results were returned after week 5 (round 10). Our findings support those from other leagues that with appropriate compliance, elite football can continue safely during this pandemic. We recommend that protocols and compliance should be revised as necessary according to community prevalence and changes in viral transmission dynamics.
Optical Filters With Coupled Sagnac Loop Waveguide Reflectors
Authors: Arianfard Hamed , Wu Jiayang , Moss David
Published: February 2021

We present theoretical designs of high performance optical filters in integrated silicon photonic nanowire resonators. We use mode interference in formed by zig-zag waveguide coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (ZWC-SLRs), tailored to achieve diverse filtering functions with good performance. These include compact bandpass filters with improved roll-off, optical analogues of Fano resonances with ultrahigh spectral extinction ratios (ERs) and slope rates, and resonance mode splitting with high ERs and low free spectral ranges. The analysis verifies the feasibility of multi-functional integrated photonic filters based on ZWC-SLR resonators for flexible spectral engineering in diverse applications.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the 2020 West Nile Virus (WNV) Outbreak in Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Casimiro-Soriguer Carlos S. , Perez-Florido Javier , Fernandez-Rueda Jose L. , Pedrosa-Corral Irene , Guillot-Sulay Vicente , Lorusso Nicola , Martinez-Gonzalez Luis Javier , Navarro-Marí José María , Dopazo Joaquin , Sanbonmatsu-Gámez Sara
Published: February 2021

During the last decades West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreaks have continuously occurred in the Mediterranean area. In August 2020 a new WNV outbreak affected 71 people with meningoencephalitis in Andalusia and 6 more cases in Extremadura (south-west of Spain), causing a total of eight deaths. The whole genomes of four viral isolates were obtained and phylogenetically analyzed in the context of recent outbreaks. The Andalusian viral samples belonged to the lineage 1 and were relatively similar to previous outbreaks occurred in the Mediterranean region. Here we present a detailed analysis of the outbreak, including an extensive phylogenetic study.
Effect of Hot-stamping on the Properties Change of Compound Layer in Coated High-strength Steel Plate
Authors: Nam Ki-Woo , Kim Dong-Gyu , Woo Jong-Hoi , Gu Kyoung-Hee , Son Young-Min , Park In-Duck
Published: February 2021

In this study, the effect of hot stamping forming process on the properties change of compound layer in Al–Si coated high-strength steel sheet with different thickness was investigated. The coating layer in hot stamped high-strength steel sheet was composed of a diffusion layer and a compound layer. As the hot stamping temperature and holding time for forming increased, the thickness of the compound layer in the Al–Si coated high-strength steel sheet increased. The thickness of coating layer with the hot stamping for 500 sec at 890, 910 and 950 °C was obtained 8.9, 11.8, and 20.6 micrometer, respectively. The thickness of coating layer with hot stamping for 180, 500 and 550 sec at 910 oC was obtained 5.7, 11.8, and 17.8 micrometer, respectively. The compound layer in hot stamped high-strength steel sheet with Al–Si coating layer consists of Al5.4Fe2 and Fe2Si phases. In the compound layer, Al and Si were irregularly distributed.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MELALUI GOOGLE CLASSROOM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR JARAK JAUH MATERI PERMASALAHAN SOSIAL PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI IPS 2 SMA NEGERI 3 DEMAK (Studi Pada Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021)
Authors: Nafi'ah Ulin
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan belajar jarak jauh melalui Google Classroom pada materi permasalahan sosial pada peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 SMA N 3 Demak melalui penerapan model Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik Penelitian Tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan prosedur perencanaan, pelaksanaa, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 dengan jumlah 34 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian pra siklus melalui indikator keaktifan dalam menjawab pertanyaan dan diskusi kelompok sebesar 35%. Kemudian meningkat pada siklus I (74%) dan siklus II (97,1%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan model Problem Based Learning pada materi Permasalahan Sosial dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar jarak jauh peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 SMA N 3 Demak Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021.

Kata kunci : Google Classroom, Keaktifan Belajar, Permasalahan Sosial, Problem Based Learning
KONFLIK SOSIAL ANTARA OJEK PANGKALAN DAN GOJEK DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Nurindah , Zuber Ahmad
Published: February 2021

In this research try to raise the theme of conflict research between traditional ojek drivers and GoJek in the city of Surakarta. GoJek is present with various services needed and influential for the community in all activities quickly and efficiently. But on the other hand Gojek is a rival for traditional ojek drivers and the exsistence of GoJek triggers conflict. The purpose of this research is to find out how conflicts occur between traditional ojek drivers and GoJek, what are the forms of conflict, factors that affect conflict and how conflict prevention efforts. The theory used is social conflict theory from Lewis L. Coser. Types of research used in this phenomenon is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and from secondary data and documentation. The sample uses a purposive sampling technique. With the stipulation of the informants of the traditional ojek drivers,GoJek drivers and traditional ojek and GoJek consumers. The data validity technique uses source triangulation. While the data analysis uses 3 channels namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.

The results showed that the conflict that occurred between traditional ojek driver and GoJek occurred due to the reduced income of ojek, because people preferred to use GoJek. The form of conflict that occurs between conventional ojek and GoJek is divided into two, namely the form of manifest conflict (open) and latent conflict (closed). Forms of manifest conflicts include beatings, quarrels and struggles for attributes. While latent forms of conflict include jealousy and envy and disappointment. Conflict between conventional ojek and GoJek is caused by several factors including land limitations, system differences, and tariff differences. So that the conflict does not continue, several efforts have been made to overcome the conflict, namely the determination of the red zone boundary, warning or warning, and reporting to the authorities.
MINAT PEMUDA PADA PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA KELOR KECAMATAN KARANGMOJO KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Ningtyas Adriana Sharadhea , Santosa Bambang
Published: February 2021

Youth is a valuable asset to the country. The success of the nation's development depends on the level of its youth participation. Phenomena declining the interest of youth in agriculture is a special concern for society and government. Amid in the youth interest in the agricultural sector work, there is a group of farmers who have an interest in agriculture, especially horticultural. The purpose of this research is to see the process of increasing youth interest in horticultural farming, a factor that affects youth interest and the process of forming rational youth choices related to increased interest in horticultural farming. Qualitative research with a descriptive exploratory approach was conducted in the village Kelor Karangmojo District in Gunungkidul Regency. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling techniques. As for the research, informant consists of the youths who belong in a group of horticultural farmer Youth, non-village youth groups and village devices. Data is collected by observing, post conducting interviews and documentation. To test the data validity using source triangulation. Data analysis techniques use interactive models of Miles and Huberman with the rational choice theory of James S. Coleman.

The results showed the process of increasing youth interest through: increased youth involvement in horticultural farms that are differentiated into direct involvement and supporting involvement about concerning frequency, long farmed and The youth-owned land area;  Increased members of Horticulture Farmer Youth Group; Raising horticultural farmland; and increased youth innovations in horticultural farming. In the factors that affect the interest of the driving factor is the inner urge, social motivation, and emotional factor also the traction factor in the form of economic factors and market availability. The rational choice of youth against horticultural farming occurs because of the objectives that youths want to achieve by doing horticultural farming activities. Youth access to natural resources as well as capital is a tool for youth to get their goals. In maximizing the efforts of youth conduct collective behavior that is by forming a group of agriculture that has access to human resources and capital resources that can overcome the limitations of youth actors of individuals in activities Horticultural farming.
PERUBAHAN KAMPUNG KOTA (Pengaruh Hadirnya Mall Dan Hotel Terhadap Pemukiman Masyarakat Kampung Sekayu Dan Jayenggaten Dalam Perubahan Sosial Di Semarang Abad Ke 21)
Authors: Gunawan Muhamad Soni , Ramdhon Akhmad
Published: February 2021

This study is qualitative research using a phenomenological approach in which the researcher tries to understand the meaning of the events of change in Kampung Sekayu and Jeyenggaten and their links to the social conditions of society. Data collection in this research uses document examination, in-depth interviews, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), directed discussion, and observation. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Interactive Model Analysis technique.

Kampung Sekayu and Jeyenggaten began to disappear along with the presence of malls and hotels in the region. Conflict experienced by Sekayu with Mall Paragon in city development solely leaves the Sekayu urban village office only. Changes occurred in RT 1 with a total of around 33 houses being dismissed. The surrounding area turned into a land for selling residents, which also affected the road constriction. Citizens' houses also have diverse functions, no longer a place to live but become rental or boarding houses and laundry businesses. Moreover, Kampung Jayenggaten's existence has engulfed by the magnificent Gumaya Tower in 2005. From 30 buildings leaving only 1 building left. Glance no more usual lives of Jayenggaten residents. The impact to this day has been held by residents of the next village who suffers from increasingly limmited water supply due to the construction of the hotel.

Local regulations determine that the area is no longer allowed as a residential area, but as an office and business area also took part in the loss of the Kampung Sekayu and Jeyenggaten. Semarang City Landscape Planning which prioritized economic interests also forced the indigenous resident to leave and move to the outskirts area and form a new identity.
PERAN YAYASAN “SAMIN” DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KEKERASAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA (Kasus Peran Yayasan “SAMIN” dalam Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Anak dalam Keluarga di Kabupaten Sleman, D.I.Y)
Authors: Dewaanjani Nadya Tamara , Sudarsana Sudarsana
Published: February 2021

Family is one of the social institutions in the community. Family is also a place for children to acquire mental coaching and personality formation. The family has a considerable role and function on the development and future of the child. However, in fact the violence of children in the family often occurs, such as violence involving fathers, mothers and other siblings. Lack of knowledge and insight related to parenting, growth and development of children is one factor in the occurrence of violence against children. From various cases of child violence, one of NGO named Yayasan SAMIN that cares about child issues to make efforts to prevent and treat child violence in the family. This research aims to know 1) how the role of Yayasan SAMIN in the prevention and handling of child violence in the family, 2) How to form the prevention and handling conducted by the Yayasan SAMIN against Child abuse cases in Family. The results of this study show that 1) Yayasan SAMIN has been explaining its role in the prevention of child violence against parents and the treatment of child abuse victims in families, 2) The prevention of child violence by parents is socialization, campaigning, and KIE (communication, information, education). The form of treatment of victims of violence is with mentoring.