bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inisiatif Mahasiswa Guru sebagai Bentuk Pembelajaran [Student Teachers' Initiative as A Learning Model]
Authors: Dirgantoro Kurnia Putri Sepdikasari
Published: January 2018

Initiative is an attitude that makes a person compelled to do something without any outside force. Every student-teacher should take initiative in order to teach and serve their students well. This student-teacher attitude appeared to develop during the students’ first internship. By taking initiative, student-teachers can learn more and enjoy every process of learning outside the classroom environment, which currently happens directly in the school. In addition, through this attitude, student-teachers can more easily interact with and adapt to the school environment in which they are placed to carry out this first internship. In line with the development of the attitude and character of the student teachers, the call to service as a teacher is even more fortified.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Inisiatif merupakan sikap yang membuat seseorang terdorong untuk melakukan sesuatu tanpa adanya perintah terlebih dahulu. Sikap inisiatif perlu dimiliki oleh setiap guru agar dapat mendidik dan melayani setiap siswanya dengan baik. Sikap inisiatif mahasiswa guru selama Program Pengenalan Lapangan 1 ini terlihat mulai berkembang sejalan dengan pelaksanaan program ini. Melalui sikap insiatif, mahasiswa guru dapat belajar lebih dalam dan menikmati setiap proses pembelajaran di luar lingkungan kelas, yaitu saat terjun langsung ke sekolah. Selain itu, melalui sikap ini pun, mahasiswa guru dapat dengan lebih mudah berinteraksi dan menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sekolah di mana mereka ditempatkan untuk melaksanakan PPL I ini. Sejalan dengan perkembangan sikap dan karakter mahasiswa guru, panggilan untuk melaksanakan tugas pelayanan sebagai seorang guru pun semakin diteguhkan.
Farklı Hasat Zamanlarının ve Karışım Oranlarının İtalyan Çimi (Lolium multiflorum L.) + Baklagil Yembitkisi Karışımlarının Verim ve Bazı Silaj Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: KAVUT Yaşar Tuncer , GEREN Hakan
Published: January 2018

 

Çalışma,

Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünün Bornova-İzmir’de

bulunun deneme tarlalarında, 2012-2014 yılları arasında 2 yıl süreyle

sürdürülmüştür. Denemede, İtalyan çiminin, 5 farklı baklagil yembitkisi (Vicia

sativa, Vicia villosa, Lathyrus sativus, Pisum arvense ve Trifolium resupinatum)

ile oluşturduğu karışımların, farklı biçim zamanlarındaki [I. Erken ilkbahar

(Mart ayının son haftası), II. İlkbahar ortası (Nisan ayının ikinci haftası) ve

III. Geç ilkbahar (Nisan ayının son haftası)] bazı silajlık verim ve kalite

özellikleri incelenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre, hasat tarihlerin

geciktirilmesiyle bitki boyu, kuru madde verimi, ADF ve NDF artış göstermiş,

karışımdaki buğdaygil oranı ile ham protein oranı değerleri düşmüştür.

Karışımlar içerisindeki baklagil oranı arttıkça, kuru madde verimi ile ham

protein oranı artış göstermiştir. Karışım türleri içinde ise İtalyan çiminin

adi ve tüylü fiğ türleri ile oluşturduğu karışımlar, Akdeniz koşulları için en

yüksek verim ve kalite özelliğine sahip olmuşlardır.
Effects of Olive Mill Waste Applications on Runoff and Soil Losses under Artificial Rainfall Conditions
Authors: SİNKPEHOUN Tognisse Herve , YÖNTER Gökçen
Published: January 2018

 

Soil, one of the most important

natural resources is, lost by water and wind erosion. Addition of organic

materials into the soils is commonly used for reducing soil and water losses.

In this study, loam, sandy loam, loamy sand and clay loam soil samples, passed

thought 8 mm sieve were placed into erosion pans with a size of sized as

30x45x15 cm. Olive mill waste was applied to soil within the erosion pans at 4

different covering ratios (0, 25, 50, and 100%). An artificial rainfall with

intensity of 40 mm h-1was applied. After artificial rainfall

applications, runoff and soil losses were calculated. The results clearly

indicated that runoff and soil losses from the erosion pans decreased

significantly by increasing rate of olive mill waste coverage. It was obtained

that addition of olive mill wastes even with a rate of 25% was effective

surface cover for reducing runoff and soil losses.
Süt Keçisi Yetiştiriciliğinin Teknik ve Ekonomik Analizi: İzmir, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir İlleri Örneği
Authors: Engindeniz Sait , Savran A. Ferhan , Aktürk Duygu , Koşum Nedim , Taşkın Turgay , Kesenkaş Harun , Gökmen Mukadderat , Uzmay Ayşe
Published: January 2018

 

Bu araştırmanın

amacı, İzmir, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir illerinde süt keçisi yetiştiriciliğini

teknik ve ekonomik yönden analiz etmektir. Araştırmanın verileri  tabakalı (oransal) tesadüfi örnekleme ile 234

işletmeden anket yöntemiyle derlenmiştir. İşletmelerin 2013 yılı faaliyetleri

hayvan sayısına göre belirlenen üç grup altında analiz edilmiştir. Birinci

grubu 75 baş ve daha az hayvanı olan, ikinci grubu 76-150 baş arasında hayvanı

olan, üçüncü grubu da 151 baş ve daha fazla hayvanı olan işletmeler

oluşturmuştur. İşletmelerin ortalama süt üretim miktarı 26251.82 kg, hayvan

başına ortalama günlük süt verimi ise 1.65 kg olarak saptanmıştır. İşletmelerde

sütün %85.38’i mandıralara ve entegre süt işleyen işletmelere pazarlanmaktadır.

Üretici eline geçen ortalama süt fiyatı 1.31 TL/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır.

İşletmelerde hayvan başına elde edilen ortalama brüt üretim değeri 357.31 TL,

hayvan başına yapılan ortalama değişken masraf 196.06 TL, hayvan başına elde

edilen ortalama brüt marj ise 161.25 TL olarak saptanmıştır.
Zeytin İşleyen ve Pazarlayan Firmaların Markalaşma Eğilimlerinin Saptanması Üzerine Bir Araştırma1
Authors: Tarkan Erbaş Esra , Artukoğlu Metin
Published: January 2018

 

Gelişen teknoloji ve tüketici yapısındaki

farklılaşmalar nedeniyle,  günümüz

pazarlarında kendine yer edinmeye ya da yerini korumaya çalışan firmalar için

markalaşma önemli bir gereksinim halini almıştır. Markalaşma konusun, tarıma

dayalı sanayi ürünleri örneğinden hareketle ele alan bu çalışmada, zeytinyağı

sektöründeki 22 firmadan derlenen veriler ışığında; firmaların markalaşmaya

yaklaşımları, markalaşma sürecine ilişkin çalışmaları ortaya konulmuş,

değerlendirilmiş ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışma ile; hem yurt içi, hem de

yurt dışı pazarlarda markalaşarak, yüksek katma değerli ürünler yaratmaya

çalışan firmalar için bir yol haritası çizilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, firmaların

markalaşma süreçlerinde gerek iç pazarda, gerekse dış pazarlarda hedef kitleyi

doğru teşhis etmesi, tanıtım ve reklam çalışmalarını bu konsepte uygun olarak

belirlemesi önerilmiştir. 
Turquality Markalaşma Programı: Gıda İşletmelerinin Profili
Authors: TAYLAN Evrim , İSMAİL Eren , GÜLER GÜMÜŞ Sevtap , AKYÜZ Yarkın
Published: January 2018

 

Adını “Türk” ve “Kalite”

sözcüklerinin bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşan Turquality markalaşma programı

ile dünya çapında potansiyele sahip Türk markaları desteklenerek, “Türk Malı”

imajının dünya pazarlarında kabul gören bir marka haline gelmesi sağlanmaya

çalışılmaktadır. Turquality markalaşma programını tanıtılması, programa kabul

edilen gıda işletmelerinin profillerinin belirlenmesi, Turquality markalaşma

programının süreç ve işleyişe yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerin tespit

edilmesi, bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın temeli anket

çalışması yoluyla, gıda işletmeleri ile görüşmelerden elde edilen orijinal

nitelikli verilerden oluşmaktadır. Turquality markalaşma programına seçilmiş

işlenmiş gıda ve tarım ürünleri sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 24 işletmeden görüşmeyi kabul eden

15 işletme ile anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir.  Çalışmada çok sayıda bulgu tespit edilmiş

olmakla birlikte;  görüşülen gıda işletmelerin

ortalama 39 yıldır işletme faaliyetlerini sürdüren köklü işletmeler olduğu,

Turquality programı içerisinde yaklaşık 4 yıldır yer aldıkları,  Türkiye’nin marka imajının yurtdışı satışları

olumsuz etkilemediği, program desteği ile marka yaratabileceklerine

inandıkları, ancak desteklerin ödeme hızının yavaş olduğu,  işlenmemiş tarım ürünlerinin programa

katılmasına çekimser kaldıkları, 

programın gıda işletmelerine yönelik olarak yeniden yapılandırılması

gerektiği gibi önemli bulgular tespit edilmiştir.
Hacimsel Olarak Farklı Oranlardaki Torf ve Pomza Karışımının Mantarın (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing) Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Çetin Mehmet , Eren Erkan
Published: January 2018

Bu çalışma, Agaricus bisporus yetiştiriciliğinde, örtü materyali olarak kullanılan torfa belli

oranlarda eklenecek farklı boyutlardaki pomza taşının mantar verim ve kalitesi

üzerine etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, ince (0 - 4

mm), karışık (4 - 8 mm) ve iri (8 - 16 mm) boyutlarda temin edilen pomza, torf

ile %5 - %10 - %15 - %20 oranlarında karıştırılmış ve ayrıca kontrol amacıyla

torf tek başına kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, verim bakımından %85 torf +%15

karışık pomza uygulamasının etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu karışım kontrol

uygulaması olan torfa göre % 21 oranında verim artışı sağladığı tespit

edilmiştir. Karpafor ağırlığı ve şapka ağırlığı dikkate alındığında farklı

boyutlardaki pomzanın hacimsel olarak %5 - 10 - 15 oranlarda torf ile

karıştırılması sonucunda kontrole göre daha yüksek değerlerin elde edildiği

görülmüştür.    
İzmir-Seferihisar Jeotermal Alanlardaki Topraklarda Radon Konsantrasyonlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Saç Müslüm Murat
Published: January 2018

 

Radon uranyum yada

toryum içerikli toprak ve kayalardan yayınlanabilen doğal radyoaktif bir soy

gaz dır. Bu iki element radyum ve radonun ana elementidir ve onlar bazı

bölgelerdeki topraklarda yüksek miktarlarda bulunabilirler. Örneğin jeotermal

bölgelerdeki topraklar radonun önemli kaynaklarındandır. Seferihisar jeotermal

bir alandır. Bu çalışmada amaç, Seferihisar termal alanlardaki radon

anomalilerinin belirlenmesi ve çevresel risk değerlendirilmesinin yapılmasıdır.

Topraklardaki radon konsantrasyonları 29 aylık bir periyod süresince LR-115

nükleer iz kazıma detektörleri ile ölçüldü. Sonuçlara göre radon düzeyleri 124

Bq/m3 ile 5890 Bq/m3 aralığında hesaplandı. Çalışmada,

bölgede meydana gelen  sismik

faaliyetlerin radon ölçümlerinde artışa neden olacağı belirlendi. 
2018: É tempo de Avançar
Authors: Villanueva Tiago
Published: January 2018

- / -
A política nacional das relações de consumo como modelo de democracia deliberativa
Authors: Verbicaro Dennis
Published: January 2018

O artigo propõe-se a analisar a formação da identidade cívica e a atuação política do consumidor como expressões de um conceito instrumental de cidadania em um modelo de democracia deliberativa. Essa cidadania pressupõe a participação popular na Política Nacional das Relações de Consumo, sobretudo através das Associações Representativas de Defesa do Consumidor no Brasil. Será redefinido o papel do Estado como fomentador da atuação efetiva e permanente da sociedade civil, mediando o diálogo entre consumidores e fornecedores, o que repercutirá na prevenção e repressão aos ilícitos de consumo e garantirá o aprimoramento da qualidade e a segurança dos produtos e serviços colocados no mercado. Foi utilizado o método dedutivo de investigação, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica< nacional e estrangeira, tendo como resultado a indicação de espaços políticos de< atuação qualificada do consumidor, com vistas ao aprimoramento da tutela jurídica< das relações de consumo.
Constituição, complexidade e contingência: o desafio da tutela de direitos na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Almeida André Galvão Vasconcelos de , Teixeira João Paulo Fernandes de Souza Allain
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as condições estruturais que envolvem a relação entre direito e sociedade, tendo como pano de fundo a hipercomplexidade e a contingência que caracterizam a sociedade contemporânea policontextualizada. Faz, ainda, uma reflexão acerca das consequências advindas da positividade do direito moderno e do aumento da dinâmica social inaugurada a partir dessa positividade. Essa reflexão segue identificando a dificuldade do sistema jurídico em relacionar-se com o seu entorno altamente mutável e ressalta o seu desafio de ter que estabilizar expectativas normativas no presente, criando vínculos com um futuro incerto e, ao mesmo tempo, se estabelecer socialmente adequado no ambiente em que atua. Por fim, destaca a importância da adoção de mecanismos de abertura cognitiva como forma de ampliação da capacidade de observação do direito com vistas a uma de melhor absorção da contingência e do risco social.
O backstop brasileiro: a modernização da agricultura brasileira e a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento nacional
Authors: Langevin Mark S.
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho analisa o papel da agricultura brasileira para o desenvolvimento econômico do país ante o atual cenário de recessão. Primeiramente, faz-se uma análise dos ganhos mensuráveis do Brasil no desenvolvimento agrícola nas duas últimas décadas. Depois, são avaliadas as contribuições desse setor para os desenvolvimentos econômico e social no século XXI. Então, aborda-se o Caso do Algodão a fim de ilustrar a modernização agrícola brasileira e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento e para a política comercial. Por fim, são explorados os desafios da inclusão social e da sustentabilidade ambiental como obstáculos primários para o aprofundamento do desenvolvimento agrícola brasileiro no século XXI.
Synthesis Of Gum Tragacanth-Cl-Poly (Acrylic Acid) Superabsorbent Hydrogels with Salt, pH and Electrical Responsive Properties
Authors: Deepak Prashar
Published: January 2018

The Gum tragacanth-acrylic acid-based hydrogels were prepared using KPS-ascorbic acid as an initiator and glutaraldehyde as crosslinker via free radical graft copolymerization technique. Synthesized polymers were characterized with FTIR, SEM and thermal techniques in order to authenticate the grafting of poly (AA) on to Gum tragacanth. The candidate’s hydrogel was also evaluated for salt resistant distension studies by means of biological electrolytic system using AC/DC supply. Moreover, the re-swelling ability of the candidate polymer was also studied using different pH media for its utilization in the site specific drug delivery. The results of the study suggested that the candidate polymer shows good salt resistant behavior alongwith pulsatile (swelling/de-swelling) nature. From the results of present study it was concluded that the polymer can be utilized for targeted drug delivery system as carrier.
Catharanthus roseus Combination Therapy with Orthodox Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs: A Novel Approach to Diabetes Mellitus Treatment
Authors: Ohadoma SC  , Michael, HU
Published: January 2018

Most of the chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus are difficult to treat successfully with orthodox drugs. Investigation in complementary and alternative medicines is now being intensified to proffer lasting solution. Natural products and their derivatives may be considered as a potential source of novel compounds which can combine with orthodox drugs to enhance their hypoglycemic effect. To investigate the complementary and synergistic effect of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) leaves extract with oral hypoglycemic synthetic drugs sulphonylurea (glibenclamide) and biguanide (metformin). Experimental induction of diabetes in rats using alloxan model was employed. Five rats each of six groups were used. Group I received distilled water only. Groups II, III and IV received 250 mg/kg of methanol extract, 100 mg/kg of biguanide (metformin) and 1 mg/kg of sulphonylurea (glibenclamide), respectively. Groups V and VI received extract-metformin and extract-glibenclamide combination at doses as above, respectively. Administration of the six groups was carried out once daily for seven days. At 2, 12, 24, 72 and 168 h, fasting blood glucose was determined using a glucometer. When compared with control alone, all medicaments significantly (p<0.05) lowered blood glucose levels. The highest percentage reduction in blood glucose (64.9%) occurred with extract-biguanide (metformin) combination. The leaves extract of C. roseus – biguanide (metformin) combination offered a promising novel approach to diabetes mellitus treatment.
PEMANFAATAN TEKHNOLOGI DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA KECIL
Authors: Shaferi Intan , Nawarini Alisa Tri , Dewi Meutia Karunia
Published: January 2018

Small medium enterprises seems to have change for a better production with their quality and quantity. Still we have SMEs that using traditional method to produce their product. That means unoptimal production because of limitation of time and some unexpected failure that may happened during production. So that, by using touch of technology, will minimizing the failure, effectiving time, and incrasing units of production.
PERANAN AKUNTANSI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH (UKM) DAN KOPERASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Riswan Riswan
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the importance of accounting for SMEs and cooperatives, accounting Role Of Financial Management of SMEs and cooperatives in Indonesia and Accountability accounting for SMEs and Cooperatives in Indonesia.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Independensi, Profesionalisme dan Kepatuhan Pada Kode Etik Auditor Investigatif Terhadap Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Prosedur Audit Dalam Pembuktian Fraud ( Kecurangan )
Authors: Fauzi Achmad Zulfikar , Perdana Halim Dedy , . Sulardi
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi, independensi, profesionalisme dan kepatuhan pada kode etik auditor investigatif terhadap efektifitas pelaksanaan prosedur audit dalam pembuktian fraud (kecurangan). Semua variabel diukur menggunakan daftar pertanyaan/kuisioner yang dibagikan ke sampel. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh auditor pada Perwakilan BPKP Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan tekhnik random sampling. Peneliti menyebarkan 50 kuisioner kepada auditor Perwakilan BPKP Provinsi Jateng, sedangkan jumlah kuisioner yang memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 42 eksemplar. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil uji dari regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi, independensi, profesionalisme dan kepatuhan pada kode etik auditor investigatif berpengaruh positif terhadap efektifitas pelaksanaan prosedur audit dalam pembuktian fraud. Kepatuhan pada kode etik memiliki tingkat signigikansi yang paling tinggi dibandingkan tiga variabel lainya.
Characterization of Novel Native Mycoparasitic Trichoderma Isolates from Mangrove Sediments and its Potential Biocontrol against Fusarium spp.
Authors: Filizola Patrícia Rego Barros , Luna Marcos Antônio Cavalcante , Souza Adriana Ferreira de , Coelho Iwanne Lima , Larnjeira Nelson , Campos-Takaki Galba Maria
Published: January 2018

Native strains of Trichoderma, isolated from mangrove sediments of PE, Brazil were determining their morphological and molecular characterization, and were investigated to assess of their biocontrol potential over the phytopathogenic Fusarium strains isolated from Caatinga soil, PE, Brazil. The Trichoderma strains were characterized by polyphasic approach, which combined their morphological characteristics, macro- and microculture results, growth evaluation by Tukey test, with significance of 5%. The DNA was extracted and the product was amplified with primers ITS 1 and 2, and sequenced. Trichoderma strains were compatible morphologically with the description of the genus. The molecular identification of Trichoderma, sequences of 500 bp were amplified, deposited in GenBank and used for phylogenetic analysis. The growth rate analysis showed rate of 0.1207 cmh-1 to Trichoderma strains and Fusarium spp. lower growth rate (0.031 cmh-1) was observed. The antibiosis tests showed the best antagonistic level of effectiveness to T. asperellum UCP 0149 against F. solani UCP 1395(82.2%) and F. solani UCP 1075(70.0%), followed of T. asperellum UCP 0319 against F. solani UCP1083 (73.4%), and T. asperellum UCP 0168 against F. solani UCP1098 (71.5%), respectively. The data obtained could serve as the basis for developing several biotechnological processes of safe use.
Comments: The Vaca Muerta
Authors: Donnelly John
Published: January 2018

Editor's column

Argentina’s Vaca Muerta shale play is considered one of the most promising unconventional resources in the world. Advertised for years as the next great shale resource outside of the US, foreign investment has now picked up and the play may finally begin living up to its potential.

A comprehensive article beginning on page 26 outlines the current state of the Vaca Muerta, including geological and business challenges, as well as future development plans. Total output from Vaca Muerta in barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) has risen 60% since the start of 2016. Production is currently just over 75,000 BOE/D—split roughly evenly between oil and gas—but most of the money spent in the play so far has been in exploration; output is expected to rise sharply over the next decade.

Most of the current output comes from the Loma Campana joint venture between YPF and Chevron, but other projects may ramp up soon. Production is expected to rise to 113,000 BOE/D by the end of this year, and as high as 1 million BOE/D within 15 years, according to consultancy Wood Mackenzie. The shale rock in Vaca Muerta is considered very high quality, on a par with several US shale plays such as Eagle Ford, Bakken, and Marcellus.

Government-led reforms have been a major factor in its growth, in part because the country needs the economic benefits of Vaca Muerta. Once an energy exporter with a sound economy, Argentina last decade defaulted on $82 billion of foreign debt—the largest such default in history at the time. Elected president in 2015, Mauricio Macri vowed to put Argentina on sounder financial footing, and has his eye on replicating the shale boom in the US. After October’s elections consolidated his political power, he has embarked on a campaign to get international oil companies and domestic ones to up their investments in the shale play.

More than 15 companies are currently exploring in the Vaca Muerta, including big names such as Chevron, ExxonMobil, Total, and Shell. YPF and the government are also working to lower labor costs. Trade unions made concessions on contracts in exchange for commitments on spending, which the government said could cut development costs by 20%. YPF has announced a $30-billion, 5-year investment plan for Vaca Muerta, and ExxonMobil has committed $200 million to a pilot project there.

Before the country’s historic default, Argentina was a net exporter of oil and gas but lack of investment has turned it into an energy importer. Argentina’s oil production hit 489,000 B/D last year, down sharply from a peak of 847,000 B/D in the late 1990s. Gas output peaked at 4.5 Bcf/D in 2005 and is now roughly 3.7 Bcf/D.

The US Energy Information Administration estimates that Argentina has the world’s second-largest shale gas and fourth-largest oil resources. If the current momentum continues, Vaca Muerta may become the only viable shale play outside of North America.
Dramatic Enrollment Shifts Plague Petroleum Engineering Programs
Authors: Zborowski Matt
Published: January 2018

The sharp oil price volatility during 2014–16 is now being felt by US undergraduate petroleum engineering (PE) programs, where enrollment is in steep decline after hitting record highs at the onset of the price downturn.

The number of US students pursuing bachelor’s degrees in PE programs fell to 6,263 in fall 2017 from 8,712 in fall 2016 as attitudes toward the discipline continued to shift, according to data compiled by Lloyd Heinze, PE professor at Texas Tech University’s Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering. Enrollment in fall 2015 remained elevated at 11,069, slightly lower than a peak of 11,474 in fall 2014 when the oil price crash was under way—meaning it took 2 years before enrollment numbers began tracking oil prices.

“Students are starting to realize the job market is very different from when they started out as freshmen,” said Heinze, who has followed PE enrollment trends for decades. A student who is slated to graduate with a BS in PE this spring, for example, likely enrolled in fall 2014 after West Texas Intermediate (WTI) prices had spent much of the year at more than $100/bbl. In their sophomore year, WTI cratered to $26/bbl before stabilizing in the $40-60/bbl range for their junior and senior years.

With fewer students in the pipeline, fewer graduates are expected in the coming years, reversing an oversupply of those trying to enter the workforce. The number of undergraduate PE degrees granted is projected to plunge from more than 2,000 in each of 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18 to around 1,220 in 2018–19 and 680 in 2019–20, Heinze’s data project. At 470 and 130, respectively, master’s degrees and PhDs granted are expected to remain somewhat elevated in 2017–18 compared with their averages during the previous decade. The steadier post-grad numbers may be supported in part by fewer available jobs.

One Extreme to Another

Heinze noted that Texas Tech’s PE department, like many PE departments across the country, is still reeling from the “tremendous overload” of students in recent years, a problem over which it had no control. “I can tell you that even if oil prices last year were $100/bbl, we were already on track to put out more students than $100/bbl can support.” Many public university PE programs are at the mercy of how many prospective students meet published admissions requirements. That is to say, programs cannot simply deny qualified students because those programs’ faculties, resources, and even lecture halls have become overextended. As a result, average undergraduate student-faculty ratios ballooned to about 46:1 in fall 2013.
Closed-Loop Drilling Offers Advantages in Process Safety and Cost Savings
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 185283, “Leveraging CLD Potentials: Optimizing Economics Through Dynamic Well Control,” by Robert Ziegler, SPE, Weatherford International, and Evelyn Baldwin, SPE, Maersk Training, prepared for the 2017 SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling/Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition, Rio de Janeiro, 28–29 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Maximizing the potential of closed-loop drilling (CLD) to achieve dynamic well control and effectively cut costs is an often overlooked opportunity in times of low oil prices. This paper details the operational effects of CLD to demonstrate its ability to yield operational-process-safety improvements and cost savings over conventional methods. While managed-pressure drilling (MPD) often is the tool that finally enables operators to reach their objectives, major cost savings come when MPD is integrated in the well-planning process from the beginning.

MPD for CLD

Not too long ago, the topdrive was in a similar position on the technology-adoption curve as MPD is today. The industry was in a downturn at that time, too—oil prices were low, cost pressure was high, and horizontal drilling had just taken off. The topdrive rental business was booming, and, the moment the directional phase of a well was reached, the topdrive was mobilized. Drillers soon started to like the additional abilities the topdrive gave them, such as reducing nonproductive time (NPT) and mitigating stuck-pipe events. Even in the cost-sensitive land market, the topdrive is now considered standard equipment, as it has been offshore for quite a while.

For MPD equipment, the situation is reversed. While the land market in the US has adopted the rotating control device as standard equipment, offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, where many of the most challenging wells are being drilled, adoption of the technology has been slow.

In other areas of the world, however, MPD adoption is moving quicker. Most notably, in loss-prone carbonates of Southeast Asia; in the subsalt environment of Brazil; and, to a certain extent, in Angola, MPD from floaters has been more widespread.

The experience from land wells can be transferred safely to offshore surface-blowout-preventer (BOP) operations (e.g., on jackup rigs, tension-leg platforms, tender-assisted drilling, and other platform rigs). The advantage offshore is that the rig moves are much simpler than for land operations, so complex piping for full MPD operations can remain in place.
Optical Sensors Monitor Vulnerable Top Sections of Flexible Risers
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 28080, “Monitoring Flexible Risers With Optical Sensors—Operational Experience and Future Perspectives,” by B.M. Santiago, S.R. Morikawa, W. Carrara, A. Kravetz, and J.A. Martins, Petrobras, prepared for the 2017 Offshore Technology Conference Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 24–26 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

The integrity management of flexible pipes used in subsea production plays a major role in maximizing the availability of the production systems while minimizing safety and environmental risks. One of the key areas for integrity management is the riser top section, where high tensions and curvatures result in high stresses and may lead to fatigue issues. A monitoring technique known as Monitoring Based on Optical Fiber Attached Directly on Armor Wires, or MODA, has been developed to assess the integrity of the tensile armor at the top section of flexible risers.

Introduction

A flexible pipe is composed of several layers, each having a specific function (Fig. 1). The carcass is a metallic layer designed to withstand external compression forces in the radial direction. The internal pressure sheath is a polymeric layer used to contain the fluid inside the pipe. The pressure armor is a metallic layer designed to withstand the internal pressure. The tensile armors are made of metallic wires designed to resist axial forces acting on the pipe. In risers, the tensile armors are responsible for keeping the flexible pipe suspended from the floating production unit (FPU). The outer sheath wraps the other layers, protecting them from the external environment. The region inside the internal pressure sheath is called the bore, and the region between the pressure barrier and the outer sheath is known as the annulus space.

The riser top section is subjected to high tensions because of the weight of the riser and to cyclic tensions and curvatures because of FPU movement, which results in high constant stresses and significant cyclic stresses in the tensile armors. This combination may lead to fatigue issues, especially in a flooded-annulus condition, which severely hinders the pipe capacity to withstand cyclic loads.

The MODA monitoring technology has been developed to better assess the integrity of the tensile armor at the top section of flexible risers.

MODA Development History. At its beginning, the MODA concept was only retrofitted to risers already in service. To install the MODA sensors, it was necessary to remove a portion of the outer sheath, attach the optic-fiber sensors to the wires, repair the outer sheath, and then provide an optical path to an equipment room at the FPU where the MODA equipment was to be installed. Substantial resources were needed in each MODA installation, and only the most critical risers were considered for monitoring.
Better Permeability Estimation From Wireline Formation Testing
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 18914, “Extracting More From Wireline Formation Testing: Better Permeability Estimation,” by S.R. Ramaswami, P.W. Cornelisse, SPE, H. Elshahawi, M. Hows, and C.L. Dong, SPE, Shell, prepared for the 2016 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 14–16 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

The use of pressure-transient data in formation testing to describe reservoirs is considered mature technology, particularly when applied to data collected through production testing. The extension of this technique to data obtained using wireline formation testers (WFTs) has been gaining momentum in the industry; however, the integration of these outputs with other measurements of data is not always straightforward. The complete paper presents different methods of using pressure-transient data from WFTs; many of these methods are summarized here.

Pressure-Transient Data From WFTs

Perhaps the most widely used form of WFT pressure-transient data is that derived from small-volume drawdowns and buildups during a pressure test. The volume of fluid withdrawn from the formation, and the resulting depth of the pressure pulse, is limited to the near-wellbore region. The flow regime that develops during these tests is typically spherical flow in an infinite medium; hence, the mobilities derived from these sorts of pressure-transient tests are spherical mobilities and need to be converted to radial mobilities to quantitatively compare the tests. Additionally, pretest-derived mobilities have two fundamental challenges: the unknown effect of skin caused by drilling damage and the uncertainty of fluid viscosity to be used to convert the resulting mobility to permeability.

The other common application of pressure-transient information during wireline-formation tests uses pressure data over a much longer interval. During an extended pumping station with a WFT, a particular flow-rate history is applied to a well and the resulting pressure changes are recorded. From the measured pressure response, and from predictions of how reservoir properties influence that response, an insight into the reservoir can be gained. In order to make these predictions, it is necessary to develop mathematical models of the physical behavior taking place in the reservoir. Fig. 1 shows the difference between the volume investigated with a small-volume pressure test and an extended pumpout station. The most-common well model that is used when interpreting WFT data is the vertical limited entry model.

Fluid flow in porous media is governed by the diffusivity equation. To derive it in its simplest form, the following assumptions and simplifications have to be made:

The reservoir is homogeneous, isotropic, and of constant thickness

The flow is horizontal

The fluid is monophasic and slightly compressible

Pressure gradients are small, and Darcy’s law applies
KOVUŞTURMA EVRESİNDE UZLAŞMANIN SONUCU OLARAK HÜKMÜN AÇIKLANMASININ GERİ BIRAKILMASI KARARI VERİLMESİNİN YERİNDELİĞİ
Authors: ÖNTAN Yaprak
Published: January 2018

Ceza Muhakemesi
Kanunu’nun 254. maddesine göre, kovuşturma evresinde uzlaşmanın sağlanması ve
belirlenen edimin def’aten yerine getirilmesi halinde düşme kararı verilir.
Ancak; edimin yerine getirilmesinin ileri tarihe bırakılması, takside
bağlanması veya süreklilik arz etmesi halinde, hükmün açıklanmasının geri
bırakılması kararı verileceği düzenlenmiştir. Bundan sonra, edim yerine
getirilirse yine düşme kararı verilecek olmakla beraber yerine getirilmediğinde
açıklanması geri bırakılan hüküm açıklanacaktır. Uzlaştırma sürecinin
işletilmesi zorunluluğu yargılamanın sonunda ortaya çıkmışsa, herhangi bir
sorun söz konusu değildir. Ne var ki, kovuşturma evresinde uzlaştırmaya
başvurma ihtiyacı, yargılamanın başında veya yargılama devam ederken de ortaya
çıkabilir. Bu durumda, uzlaşma konusu edim yerine getirilmezse, henüz ortada
hüküm olmadığından, hükmün açıklanmasının geri bırakılması kararının verilmesi
uygun olmayacaktır. Ayrıca geri bırakma kararından sonra denetim süresi
belirlenip belirlenmeyeceği veya sanığa bir yükümlülük yüklenip yüklenemeyeceği
ya da düşme kararı verilmesi için ilgilinin kasten yeni bir suç işlememiş
olmasının aranıp aranmayacağı belirsizdir. Bu hususlar ilk derece mahkemeleri
kadar bölge adliye mahkemelerini de ilgilendirmektedir.
Influence of effective microorganisms on the non-specific cellular defence mechanisms of pikeperch
Authors: TERECH-MAJEWSKA ELŻBIETA , KACZOREK EDYTA , SCHULZ PATRYCJA , ZAKĘŚ ZDZISŁAW , ROŻYŃSKI MACIEJ , KOWALSKA AGATA , ZEMBRZUSKA MONIKA , SIWICKI ANDRZEJ K.
Published: January 2018

Effective Microorganisms (EM) technology uses microorganisms to work in the surrounding environment. Complex microbiological preparations show synergistic effects, combining the effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. EMTM technology is well-known and used in 120 countries worldwide, mainly in agriculture, including aquaculture, and in environmental protection. Fish farmers use these preparations to enhance fish growth, condition and immunity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of EM-Probiotic (Greenland) on the development of cellular non-specific resistance in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) at the initial stage of rearing in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The experimental diet was administered for 28 days with EM supplementation at 0% (control group), 2% and 4% of the feed. Water temperature in the RAS was maintained at 22.0ºC. Hematopoietic organs (spleen and kidney) were collected twice, after 28 days of EM supplementation (first term) and 28 days after cessation of supplementation (second term). The respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) of macrophages, as well as the proliferative activity of T- and B-lymphocytes (MTT assay) were assessed. The results of the study show that EM at the initial stage of pikeperch development (body weight of 2 to 14 g) suppress cellular defence mechanisms, decreasing the activity of immunocompetent cells in RBA, PKA and MTT tests. The results from the first organ harvesting showed differentiated EM activity at a statistically insignificant level (P>0.05). In samples collected 28 days later, the inhibitory effect was demonstrated at a statistically significant level (P<0.05) in all parameters in both experimental groups. Non-specific cellular immunity in fish plays a key role in defence against damaging factors, including pathogenic ones. Since fish in an RAS are also susceptible to potentially pathogenic agents, immunosuppression of these mechanisms may aggravate the disease..
Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans
Authors: KOŚLA TADEUSZ , LASOCKA IWONA , SKIBNIEWSKA EWA M. , KOŁNIERZAK MARTA , SKIBNIEWSKI MICHAŁ
Published: January 2018

Trivalent chromium is considered an essential element in the nutrition of both animals and humans. Animal studies confirm many beneficial effects of organic and inorganic chromium compounds on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism in the body. Glucose tolerance factor (GTF) has been demonstrated to involve an active form of trivalent chromium, which sustains normal glucose metabolism. Cr(III) compounds form enzymes and ribonucleic acids, accelerate blood clotting and increase β-glucuronidase activity. Chromium also participates in antioxidant processes, in the synthesis of RNA and DNA and in the immune response, as well as affects secretion of hormones and some vitamins. It has been demonstrated that chromium improves lean body mass in animals, increases growth rate and feed conversion and improves feed intake and energy efficiency. Organic chromium reduces mortality and improves animal reproduction parameters. It also enhances immunity and strengthens response to preventive vaccination. It has been noted in many animal species that a diet low in chromium leads to deficiency symptoms, such as reduced feed intake, lower weight gains, reproductive disorders and increased lipid levels. Chromium deficiency can also result from stress. Moderate chromium deficiency is a risk factor of ischemic heart disease with myocardial infarction. Such a condition may pose a great risk of coronary artery disease. Dietary chromium requirement of an animal body is probably 300 μg Cr/kg d.w. of feed, which is usually satisfied by the ration provided. The highest concentration of chromium is found in the hair, skin and teeth, followed by the liver, kidneys, spleen, and slightly lower in the heart, muscles, pancreas, lungs, bones and brain. Chromium absorption rates in the human intestine range between 0.5 and 2% of the daily intake of inorganic Cr forms, and from 25 to 30% of the element ingested as organic complexes. Clinical studies show that the kinetics of chromium excretion from the system are complex and can be described by a multi-range model, the half-life ranging from 13 min to 192 days. Dietary chromium nanocomposite supplementation (CrNano) used in pigs nutrition has significantly increased Cr content in the blood, longissimus muscle, heart, liver, kidneys, jejunum and ileum. Chromium nanocomposite supplementation acts more effectively on the tissues and, as a consequence, increases the accumulation of the element. .
TERÖRİZM VE CİHAD ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR MUKAYESE
Authors: ARPACI İşıl
Published: January 2018

Özellikle 11 Eylül saldırısının ardından dünya
gündeminde önemli yer edinen İslamî / İslamcı / cihadcı terör kavramları, İslam
ve terörizm arasında kurulan bağlantının somut göstergelerinden biri olarak
değerlendirilebilir. Oysa “Holy War” biçiminde tercüme edilen ve birçok
oryantalist kaynakta terörizmin İslam’daki meşrulaştırıcı unsuru olarak
değerlendirilen cihad, İslam dini bağlamında değerlendirildiğinde, bugününün
uluslararası hukukuna uygun meşru bir savunma aracıdır. Bu çalışma özü
itibariyle İslam ve onun cihad öğesinin, terörizmi gerçekten destekleyip
desteklemediğini siyasal açıdan incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır ve cihad ve terörizm
literatürlerinin analizini içermemektedir. Çalışmada cihad kavramı sadece kendi
kaynakları ve tarihsel bağlamında incelenmiş ve terörizmin kavramsal içeriği
ile mukayeseli olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Böylelikle varılmak istenen nokta,
cihad ve terörizm arasında bir bağlantının varlığı ya da yokluğunu ortaya
koymaktır. Bu mesele ekseninde çalışmada cihad ve terörizm kavramları; içerik,
neden, unsur ve türleri bakımından irdelenmiş, aralarındaki farklılıklar on
madde halinde sıralanmış ve terörizmin sahiplerinin Müslüman olmasının,
terörizmin adını cihad olarak değiştirmediği gibi, teröristleri de “mücahid”
yapmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
What Percentage of Patients is a Candidate for Unicompartmental Knee Replacement at a Chinese Arthroplasty Center?
Authors: He Yong , Xiao Lianbo , Zhai Weitao , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Ouyang Guilin , Boettner Friedrich
Published: January 2018

Background:

Data on indication of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) in the Asian population are currently not available. The current paper evaluates patients undergoing knee replacement at a Chinese Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital to report the percentage of patients who meet radiographic and clinical indication criteria for UKA.

Methods:

Over a one-year period 463 consecutive patients (515 knees) underwent primary knee replacement surgery. Clinical data were recorded and preoperative radiographs were assessed. Patients were classified as suitable candidates for UKA based on the degree of deformity, preoperative ROM and radiographic appearance of osteoarthritis. The different indication criteria for body weight and extend of patellofemoral osteoarthritis as reported by Kozinn and Scott as well as the Oxford Group were applied.

Results:

160 knees (31%) were excluded because of inflammatory and posttraumatic arthritis. 55 knees had to be excluded because of incomplete radiographs. Of the remaining 300 knees with osteoarthritis, 241 knees were excluded because of extend of deformity (n=156), decreased range of motion (n=119), advanced patellofemoral arthritis with bone loss (n=11) and AP instability (n=1). Of the remaining 63 knees, 54 knees (18%) met the modified Oxford criteria for mobile UKA and only 25 knees (8%) met the Scott and Kozinn criteria for fixed UKA.

Conclusion:

The current paper suggests that in comparison to Caucasian population, only a smaller percentage of patients at a Chinese Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital meet the indication criteria for UKA. Therefore, it might make sense to concentrate UKA surgeries in high volume centers.
Toe Gap Force is Related to Ultrasonic Parameter of Calcaneus Bone Status in General Population
Authors: Tajika Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Oya Noboru , Kitagawa Takanori , Kobayashi Hiroki , Shitara Hitoshi , Iizuka Haku , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: January 2018

Background:

Elucidating the relation between bone health condition and muscle strength can provide useful knowledge for Japan’s super-aged society. This study ascertained the Speed Of Sound (SOS) of the calcaneus and upper and lower limb muscle strength in a general population.

Methods:

Medical examinations were conducted of 277 adult residents (100 men, 177 women; average age 67.1 years) of a mountain village. Bilateral hand grip and hand key pinch strength were measured. Hip abductor muscle strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. The pressure between the hallux and second toe (toe-gap force) was measured using a toe pressure measuring instrument. The Speed Of Sound (SOS) of the calcaneus was assessed using an ultrasound bone densitometer. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the predictor of SOS using several factors as explanatory variables: gender, age, height, weight BMI, grip and key pinch power strength, hip abductor muscle strength, and toe-gap force in bilateral side. P values of < .05 were inferred as statistically significant.

Results:

Significant positive correlation was found between the SOS and each of bilateral hand grip and hand key pinch strength, hip abductor muscle strength, and toe-gap force in all participants. Stepwise logistic regression revealed gender (β coefficient= -0.32, p= .0001), age (β coefficient=-0.53, p= .000), height (β coefficient= -0.19, p= .03), and right toe-gap force (β coefficient= 0.11, p= .027) as predictors of calcaneal SOS for all participants.

Conclusion:

Toe-gap force assessment might be more useful to predict calcaneal SOS than grip assessment in the general population.
A new record for Valsad district, Gujarat: Salmalia insigne (Wall.) Schott & Endl.
Authors: Patel Dilipkumar D. , A. Solanki
Published: January 2018

The present paper deals with indigenous taxa of Angiosperm belonging to family Bombacaceae. It is reported as an addition to the flora of Valsad District and a new record from wild areas of the Valsad. The paper envisages citation, detailed, description, flowering and fruiting time, followed by ecological notes along with photographs and longitudinal and latitudinal and height of the area is also provided & mention.
Genome-wide identification of MscS like gene family in Cicer arietinum using bioinformatics approach
Authors: Basumatary Noymi , Kumari Archana , Sarmah Jatin
Published: January 2018

In plants, the mechanosensitive channels have important roles in proprioception, gravity sensing, growth of pollen tube and controlling the shape and size of plastid. In the present study, we performed computational analysis and identified the mechanosensitive channel of small conductance like (MscS) gene family in Cicer arietinum (chickpea). Six Cicer arietinum MscS-like (CaMSL) genes were identified. These six genes were distributed on four different chromosomes. A detailed overview of CaMSL genes in Cicer arietinum is explored by using a total of 33107 proteins from chickpea. On the basis of BLAST analysis, presence of complete ORF and evolutionary relationship we identified 6 genes (named as CaMSL1, CaMSL2, CaMSL3, CaMSL4, CaMSL5 and CaMSL6). Further, the transmembrane regions, subcellular localization, physico-chemical properties, gene structure analysis and genome structure annotation of the identified genes confirmed that the identified genes might act for transmembrane proteins as well as their subcellular localization prediction demonstrated three genes to be located in the plasma membrane, two in the chloroplast membrane, one in the mitochondrion. Thus, further analysis of the data obtained from this study will help to make a baseline to increase the understanding of involvement of MSL gene families in plant growth, development and other functions in C. arietinum.