bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freshwater discharge controlled deposition of Cenomanian–Turonian black shales on the NW European epicontinental shelf (Wunstorf, northern Germany)
Authors: van Helmond N. A. G. M. , Sluijs A. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S. , Reichart G.-J. , Voigt S. , Erbacher J. , Pross J. , Brinkhuis H.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Global warming, changes in the hydrological cycle and enhanced marine primary productivity all have been invoked as having contributed to the occurrence of widespread ocean anoxia during the Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic event (OAE2; ~94 Ma), but disentangling these factors on a regional scale has remained problematic. In an attempt to separate these forcing factors, we generated palynological and organic geochemical records using a core spanning the OAE2 from Wunstorf, Lower Saxony Basin (LSB; northern Germany), which exhibits cyclic black shale–marl alternations related to the orbital precession cycle. Despite the widely varying depositional conditions complicating the interpretation of the obtained records, TEX86H indicates that sea-surface temperature (SST) evolution in the LSB during OAE2 resembles that of previously studied sites throughout the proto-North Atlantic. Cooling during the so-called Plenus Cold Event interrupted black shale deposition during the early stages of OAE2. However, TEX86 does not vary significantly across black shale–marl alternations, suggesting that temperature variations did not force the formation of the cyclic black shale horizons. Relative (i.e., with respect to marine palynomorphs) and absolute abundances of pollen and spores are elevated during phases of black shale deposition, indicative of enhanced precipitation and run-off. High abundances of cysts from inferred heterotrophic and euryhaline dinoflagellates supports high run-off, which likely introduced additional nutrients to the epicontinental shelf resulting in elevated marine primary productivity. We conclude that orbitally forced enhanced precipitation and run-off, in tandem with elevated marine primary productivity, were critical in cyclic black shale formation on the northern European epicontinental shelf and potentially for other OAE2 sections in the proto-Atlantic and Western Interior Seaway at similar latitudes as well.
Extreme ultraviolet spectral irradiance measurements since 1946
Authors: Schmidtke G.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In the physics of the upper atmosphere the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation plays a dominant role controlling most of the thermospheric/ionospheric (T/I) processes. Since this part of the solar spectrum is absorbed in the thermosphere, platforms to measure the EUV fluxes became only available with the development of rockets reaching altitude levels exceeding 80 km. With the availability of V2 rockets used in space research, recording of EUV spectra started in 1946 using photographic films. The development of pointing devices to accurately orient the spectrographs toward the sun initiated intense activities in solar–terrestrial research. The application of photoelectric recording technology enabled the scientists placing EUV spectrometers aboard satellites observing qualitatively strong variability of the solar EUV irradiance on short-, medium-, and long-term scales. However, as more measurements were performed more radiometric EUV data diverged due to the inherent degradation of the EUV instruments with time. Also, continuous recording of the EUV energy input to the T/I system was not achieved. It is only at the end of the last century that there was progress made in solving the serious problem of degradation enabling to monitore solar EUV fluxes with sufficient radiometric accuracy. The data sets available allow composing the data available to the first set of EUV data covering a period of 11 years for the first time. Based on the sophisticated instrumentation verified in space, future EUV measurements of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) are promising accuracy levels of about 5% and less. With added low-cost equipment, real-time measurements will allow providing data needed in ionospheric modeling, e.g., for correcting propagation delays of navigation signals from space to earth. Adding EUV airglow and auroral emission monitoring by airglow cameras, the impact of space weather on the terrestrial T/I system can be studied with a spectral terrestrial irradiance camera (STI-Cam) and also be used investigating real-time space weather effects and deriving more detailed correction procedures for the evaluation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. Progress in physics goes with achieving higher accuracy in measurements. This review historically guides the reader on the ways of exploring the impact of the variable solar radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral region on our upper atmosphere in the altitude regime from 80 to 1000 km.
Spatial distribution of the daily precipitation concentration index in Algeria
Authors: Benhamrouche A. , Boucherf D. , Hamadache R. , Bendahmane L. , Martin-Vide J. , Teixeira Nery J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the daily precipitation concentration index (CI) in Algeria (south Mediterranean Sea) has been assessed. CI is an index related to the rainfall intensity and erosive capacity; therefore, this index is of great interest for studies on torrential rainfall and floods. Forty-two daily rainfall series based on high-quality and fairly regular rainfall records for the period from 1970 to 2008 were used. The daily precipitation CI results allowed the identification of three climate zones: the northern country, characterized by coastal regions with CI values between 0.59 and 0.63; the highlands, with values between 0.57 and 0.62, except for the region of Biskra (CI = 0.70); and the southern region of the country, with high rainfall concentrations with values between 0.62 and 0.69.
Idol Theory
Authors: Salih Sarah
Published: March 2015

The idol, in medieval Christian analysis, is a paradoxical object; it may be conceived of either as mere dumb matter, or as the housing of a living demon. It is paradoxical, too, in contemporary theories of materiality; the idol is a paradigm of the material thing invested with agency, but how then does it find space to develop the excess that makes it an agent, not a mere machine? This article argues that Christian narratives of the origin of idolatry explore this very question. St. Augustine drew together different strands of Old Testament denunciations of idolatry to argue that demons were attracted to the material images built by pagans. The idol is animated by the devotional pagan gaze, but exerts power by latency: at some times it will display liveliness to its worshippers, at others it will remain indifferent. Though the theory is worked out in most detail in regard to idols, Christian images, too, work through the power of latency, and may seduce and trap unwary viewers by apparent inertia.
Robot Saints
Authors: Swift Christopher
Published: March 2015

In the Middle Ages, articulating religious figures like wooden Deposition crucifixes and ambulatory saints were tools for devotion, techno-mythological objects that distilled the wonders of engineering and holiness. Robots are gestures toward immortality, created in the face of the undeniable fact and experience of the ongoing decay of our fleshy bodies. Both like and unlike human beings, robots and androids occupy a nebulous perceptual realm between life and death, animation and inanimation. Masahiro Mori called this in-between space the “uncanny valley.” In this essay I argue that unlike a modern person apprehending an android (the uncanny humanlike object that resides in the space between what is essentially human and what is essentially not human), the physical animation of late medieval devotional objects fulfilled the expectations of their puppeteers and audiences to move. Glittering precious metals and stones, liturgical music, and other environmental properties of the sanctuary materially inferred the presence and action of saints on earth, greatly enhancing the affective lives of devotees. I focus on later medieval Spanish statues of the Virgin in order to transcend their familiar aesthetic and religious interpretations of anthropomorphic statues, and explore instead their functional aspects and performative relationships between ritual objects and their users.
“The World Is Tref”:
Authors: Flanzbaum Hilene
Published: March 2015

Why did Delmore Schwartz linger in cultural memory, even as his poetry was more and more overlooked? This essay argues that it is Schwartz's Jewishness that marked him a celebrity of his literary generation, and that his poetry had little, if anything, to do with it. Rather, Schwartz's cultural identity branded him. Schwartz's vast influence among his peers arises from his unique social position: the poet at midcentury nurtured on the values of New Criticism in conflict with the emerging tastes of postwar audiences; in addition: the Jewish American, largely second-generation, determined to embrace a national identity and detach himself from religion and ethnic practices and affiliations of earlier generations. The uncertainties, ambiguities and disorienting evolutions in each of these subject positions leave both poets and Jews searching for a comfortable perch. The impact of these changes on Schwartz, who was both, would have devastating effects; and it is in the shadow of that devastation that we find his lasting cultural legacy. In order to understand Schwartz's continuing resonance, then, we have to examine how two identities—poet and Jew—collide and concatenate in the culture of the fifties, and become paradigmatic of the irreconcilable forces that lie at the center of the American artist's experience at midcentury.
CONTROL JUDICIAL DEL ESTADO DE SITIO Y DE LA INTERVENCIÓN FEDERAL
Authors: Sacristán Estela B.
Published: March 2015

El artículo analiza los límites y posibilidades del control judicial del estado de sitio y de la intervención federal, examinando inicialmente las distintas medidas de emergencia y, posteriormente, los fallos de la jurisprudencia argentina que enfrentan dichas cuestiones.
CARATERIZACION CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA ETICA PÚBLICA (Especial referencia al marco constitucional español)
Authors: Rodríguez-Arana Muñoz Jaime
Published: March 2015

El artículo tiene el objetivo de examinar las características que la Constitución Española de 1978 confiere al tema de la ética pública, analizando los dispositivos constitucionales relacionados a la regulación ético-jurídica de la Administración Pública en España.
REVOLUTION TROUGH CONSTITUTION: THE BRAZILIAN'S DIRECTIVE CONSTITUTION DEBATE
Authors: Bercovici Gilberto
Published: March 2015

The article discusses the phenomenon known as Directive Constitution and points out that several constitutions enacted in the 20th and 21st centuries in peripheral countries seek to bind the legislature to a constitutional project, thus establishing a political line of action that ensures the progressive construction – through the law – of a new social and economic reality, therefore overcoming underdevelopment.
UMA IDEIA DE CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Nobre Júnior Edilson Pereira
Published: March 2015

O presente artigo objetiva traçar aquilo que, nos dias atuais, pode ser tido como conceito de constituição, partindo-se de uma retrospectiva até chegar no que vem, atualmente, sendo denominado Estado constitucional, onde aquela incorpora densidade valorativa tal que a autoriza a se qualificar como a ordem jurídica fundamental da coletividade.
The Irony of Harming Fish as Part of Iran’s Nowrouz
Authors: Ghazilou Amir , Elder Maximilian Padden
Published: March 2015

Nowrouz (literally meaning "new day") is the Iranian New Year that is celebrated during Eid, the longest Iranian festival. During the festival, families construct a Nowrouz cloth upon which several symbolic items are placed to celebrate the new year. One of these items is a goldfish who is placed in a bowl and discarded at the conclusion of the holiday. Goldfish are viewed as objects to be purchased, used, and disposed of without serious moral consideration. Given both the principle of the Nowrouz holiday as a celebration of peace as well as the current scientific evidence supporting the existence of pain in goldfish, the use of one in the Nowrouz is ironic and ethically inconsistent.
Raising the Bar in the Justification of Animal Research
Authors: Galgut Elisa
Published: March 2015

Animal ethics committees (AECs) appeal to utilitarian principles in their justification of animal experiments. Although AECs do not grant rights to animals, they do accept that animals have moral standing and should not be unnecessarily harmed. Although many appeal to utilitarian arguments in the justification of animal experiments, I argue that AECs routinely fall short of the requirements needed for such justification in a variety of ways. I argue that taking the moral status of animals seriously--even if this falls short of granting rights to animals--should lead to a thorough revision or complete elimination of many of the current practices in animal experimentation.
The Religion of Ethical Veganism
Authors: Johnson Lisa
Published: March 2015

A survey was administered during fall 2013 to 163 self-identified adult ethical vegans and/or ethical vegetarians in the United States to determine whether the respondents+ beliefs meet the definition of religion according to U.S. federal law. The data demonstrate that a majority of the surveyed group possesses beliefs concordant with the definition of "religion" according to federal statutes, federal judicial tests, and regulatory law. Since religion is a protected characteristic in U.S. law, and ethical veganism meets various definitions for religion, then ethical veganism should be recognized as a religion and a protected characteristic under U.S. law.
Why Are Alternative Diets Such as “Low Carb High Fat” and “Super Healthy Family” So Appealing to Norwegian Food Consumers?
Authors: Bugge Annechen Bahr
Published: March 2015

Aspiring for health and fitness has become increasingly important for Norwegians. This is expressed in many ways. For instance there has been a significant increase in the proportion who states that they are very interested in having a healthy diet. Furthermore, three out of ten stated that they had tried diets to achieve weight reduction over the past twelve months. One consequence of this trend is a consumption field that requires a multitude of products and services. This includes everything from food and dietary products that help you realize the dream of a sound, slim, strong, smart and sexy body, to books, blogs and TV shows that guide the individual towards making the right food choices. Through media, books and product launches, consumers are continuously exposed to different theories and beliefs about what and how to eat. A typical characteristic of the diets that have gained wide acceptance over the past few years is that they are in conflict with the national guidelines for a healthy diet. Another tendency is that traditional products in the Norwegian diet such as bread, potatoes and dairy products, in particular, have been up for debate. The purpose of this article is to explore why these alternative and rebellious diets have become so appealing to today’s food consumer. Data are derived from both quantitative and qualitative materials.
Identification and expression analysis of a novel phytocystatin in developing and germinating seeds of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.)
Authors: Simińska Joanna , Bielawski Wiesław
Published: March 2015

In this paper the complete cDNA sequence of a newly identified triticale phytocystatin, TrcC-7, was analyzed. Because TrcC-7 transcripts were present in seeds, we hypothesized that it may regulate storage protein accumulation and degradation. Therefore, changes in mRNA and protein levels during the entire period of seed development and germination were examined. Expression of TrcC-7 increased during development and decreased at the end of maturation and subsequently increased during seed germination. Based on these results, TrcC-7 likely regulates cysteine proteinase activity during the accumulation and mobilization of storage proteins.
Gimme Five and We All Win
Authors: Bailey Michael F.
Published: March 2015

Having made a commitment to saving water, a small town in Florida is a big success in educating the community and motivating its residents to be part of the ongoing conservation effort.
Around the World by Column
Authors: Reiter Paul D.
Published: March 2015

This is my first time writing the quarterly Water Worldwide column. In this series of columns, I will cover internationally focused topics that are relevant to the readership of Journal AWWA and will raise thought‐provoking points of view. I welcome your suggestions for additional topics. In this first column, I am focusing on the varying range of circumstances around the world. In addition to those in the United States, there are organizations in other countries (e.g., the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Singapore, Australia) that are adopting state‐of‐the‐art practices. But they are often doing this using different strategies and tactics ‐ sometimes radically different.
The Effect of Conservation on Water Rate Structures
Authors: Carter Catherine Noyes , Craley Rocky , Stannard William
Published: March 2015

The 2013 Report Card for America's Infrastructure awarded both the country's water and wastewater infrastructure with Ds that were based on physical condition and the needed investments for improvement. The report describes the status quo ‐ approximately 240,000 main breaks per year in the United States with a potential capital investment of almost $300 billion for wastewater and stormwater in the next 20 years, as well as estimates of more than $1 trillion to replace the nation's water infrastructure, which is nearing the end of its useful life. The majority of the financial burden associated with installing new infrastructure, repairing and replacing existing infrastructure, and meeting increasingly stringent regulatory requirements falls to water sector utilities, which need to be able to either absorb the additional costs internally (which is unlikely) or shift them to other stakeholders. As a result, utilities use a variety of financing solutions including fully cash‐funding smaller projects and using available (but limited) state and federal funding; in most cases, however, utilities are required to take advantage of the bond market and other types of loan programs.
Breast Lipofilling: A Review of Current Practice
Authors: Kasem Abdul , Wazir Umar , Headon Hannah , Mokbel Kefah
Published: March 2015

Lipofilling is a reconstructive and aesthetic technique that has recently grown in popularity and is increasingly being used in breast surgery. Previous concerns had been raised regarding its safety when used for remodelling and reconstruction of the breast; however, these concerns have since been dismissed. Over the subsequent two decades, little evidence has been found to support these early theoretical concerns, and growing numbers of proponents of the procedure are confident in its safety. Many developments and refinements in the technique have taken place in recent years, and several studies have been published regarding the safety of lipofilling in the breast. We reviewed the current literature regarding the use of different lipofilling techniques as well as the current evidence regarding the oncological safety of the procedure in patients seeking aesthetic breast enhancement and in patients requiring reconstruction after treatment for breast cancer.
Characteristics of Women Who Have Had Cosmetic Breast Implants That Could Be Associated with Increased Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review, Proposing a Suicide Prevention Model
Authors: Manoloudakis Nikolaos , Labiris Georgios , Karakitsou Nefeli , Kim Jong B , Sheena Yezen , Niakas Dimitrios
Published: March 2015

Literature indicates an increased risk of suicide among women who have had cosmetic breast implants. An explanatory model for this association has not been established. Some studies conclude that women with cosmetic breast implants demonstrate some characteristics that are associated with increased suicide risk while others support that the breast augmentation protects from suicide. A systematic review including data collection from January 1961 up to February 2014 was conducted. The results were incorporated to pre-existing suicide risk models of the general population. A modified suicide risk model was created for the female cosmetic augmentation mammaplasty candidate. A 2-3 times increased suicide risk among women that undergo cosmetic breast augmentation has been identified. Breast augmentation patients show some characteristics that are associated with increased suicide risk. The majority of women reported high postoperative satisfaction. Recent research indicates that the Autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants and fibromyalgia syndrome are associated with silicone implantation. A thorough surgical, medical and psycho-social (psychiatric, family, reproductive, and occupational) history should be included in the preoperative assessment of women seeking to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation. Breast augmentation surgery can stimulate a systematic stress response and increase the risk of suicide. Each risk factor of suicide has poor predictive value when considered independently and can result in prediction errors. A clinical management model has been proposed considering the overlapping risk factors of women that undergo cosmetic breast augmentation with suicide.
Resident Participation in International Surgical Missions is Predictive of Future Volunteerism in Practice
Authors: Tannan Shruti Chudasama , Gampper Thomas J
Published: March 2015

Background Interest in global health and international mission trips among medical student and resident trainees is growing rapidly. How these electives and international mission experiences affect future practice is still being elucidated. No study has identified if participation in international surgical missions during residency is a predictor of participation in international surgical missions in practice after training completion.

Methods All trainees of our plastic surgery residency program from 1990 to 2011, during the implementation of optional annual international surgical missions, were surveyed to determine if the graduate had gone on a mission as a resident and as a plastic surgeon. Data were compared between graduates who participated in missions as residents and graduates who did not, from 1990 to 2011 and 1990 to 2007.

Results Of Plastic Surgery graduates from 1990 to 2011 who participated in international missions as residents, 60% participated in missions when in practice, versus 5.9% of graduates participating in missions in practice but not residency (P<0.0001). When excluding last 5 years, graduates participating in international missions in practice after doing so as residents increases to 85.7%, versus 7.41% who participate in practice but not residency P<0.002.

Conclusions Results reveal plastic surgeons who participate in international surgical missions as residents participate in international surgical missions in practice at higher rates than graduates who did not participate in missions during residency. International missions have significant intrinsic value both to trainee and international communities served, and this opportunity should be readily and easily accessible to all plastic surgery residents nationwide.
Management of Chronic Expanding Haematoma Using Triamcinolone after Latissimus Dorsi Flap Harvesting
Authors: Hamada Mariko , Shimizu Yusuke , Aramaki-Hattori Noriko , Kato Tatsuya , Takada Keiko , Aoki Marie , Kishi Kazuo , Nagasao Tomohisa
Published: March 2015

Chronic expanding haematoma (CEH) is a rare type of haematoma that enlarges slowly and continuously without coagulation. It can occur following surgery because of shear stress-induced bleeding in the scar tissue between the subcutaneous fat and fascia. We present three cases of large chronic CEH that were successfully treated with triamcinolone injections. Three female patients developed large chronic CEH at 9 months, 5 years, and 6 years, respectively, after latissimus dorsi flap harvesting for breast reconstruction. Although the condition did not improve after multiple sessions of haematoma aspiration in the first two patients, it resolved following a single 40-mg triamcinolone injection along with appropriate compression dressing for several weeks. In the third patient, triamcinolone was injected immediately after the initial aspiration of the haematoma, and the condition improved considerably. There were no side effects in any of the patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of large CEH using triamcinolone. Therefore, we suggest that triamcinolone injections be considered for the treatment of CEH.
Foreign Body Granulomas after the Use of Dermal Fillers: Pathophysiology, Clinical Appearance, Histologic Features, and Treatment
Authors: Lee Jeong Min , Kim Yu Jin
Published: March 2015

A foreign body granuloma is a non-allergic chronic inflammatory reaction that is mainly composed of multinucleated giant cells. Foreign body granulomas may occur after the administration of any dermal filler. Factors such as the volume of the injection, impurities present in the fillers, and the physical properties of fillers affect granuloma formation. The formation of granulomas involves five phases: protein adsorption, macrophage adhesion, macrophage fusion, and crosstalk. The clinical and pathologic features of granulomas vary depending on the type of filler that causes them. Foreign body granulomas can be treated effectively with intralesional corticosteroid injections. Surgical excisions of granulomas tend to be incomplete because granulomas have ill-defined borders and moreover, surgical excisions may leave scars and deformities.
Diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 for predicting Gram-negative bacteremia in febrile neutropenia patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Urbonas Vincas , Eidukaitė Audronė
Published: March 2015

Background. Currently available biomarkers are not specific and sensitive enough for early detection of bacterial infection in patients with cancer who have febrile neutropenia. The objective of this study was to assess diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the identification of Gram-negative bacteremia at the beginning of a febrile episode in pediatric oncology patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Methods. A total of 40 episodes of febrile neutropenia in 27 childhood cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were collected at presentation after confirmation of febrile neutropenia and analyzed according to the recommendations of manufacturers. Patients were classified into Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) and fever of unknown origin (FUO) groups.
Results. The median concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and PCT were higher in the GNB group compared to the FUO group (65.4  vs.  409.0  pg/ml, P  =  0.0025; 166.0  vs.  883.0  pg/ml, P  =  0.0002; 0.27  vs.  0.44  ng/ml, P = 0.0169, respectively). The areas under the curves (AUCs) for both IL-6 and IL-8 were 0.94 and 0.93, respectively, indicating that these cytokines discriminated patients with Gram-negative bacteremia with excellent accuracy, whereas PCT had lower diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.76).
Conclusions. IL-6 and IL-8 evaluation might be used as an additional diagnostic tool for the prediction of Gram-negative bacteremia in pediatric patients with ALL during febrile neutropenia episodes.
Pranas Šimulis (1926–2014)
Authors: Basys Vytautas
Published: March 2015

Netekome garbaus žmogaus, žymaus vaikų gydytojo, patyrusio dėstytojo, profesoriaus habilituoto daktaro Prano Šimulio.
Šiltas ir malonus žmogus – toks jis buvo bendradarbiams, pacientų tėvams, studentams ir gydytojams tobulinimosi kursuose
Mise à l’épreuve de la cartographie des concepts comme méthode intégrative d’identification et d’analyse d’un écosystème entrepreneurial
Authors: Cloutier L. Martin , Cueille Sandrine , Recasens Gilles
Published: March 2015

Cet article présente la mise à l’épreuve de la cartographie des concepts comme méthode intégrative d’étude d’un écosystème entrepreneurial dans lequel des dirigeants-entrepreneurs de microentreprises et leurs accompagnateurs s’interrogent sur les actions à mettre en place pour dynamiser et densifier l’activité entrepreneuriale d’une région. La cartographie des concepts est une approche mixte (qualitative et quantitative) ascendante (bottom-up), participative et de groupe. Elle comprend des techniques de groupes de discussions et d’analyses statistiques multivariées (analyse d’échelonnement multidimensionnel, classification ascendante hiérarchique). Les participants, dirigeants-entrepreneurs (n = 25) et accompagnateurs (n = 12), ont classé par piles d’idées semblables et coté l’importance et la faisabilité de 82 énoncés d’actions. La carte des concepts obtenue constitue une représentation systémique partagée d’interrelations et d’interdépendances complexes entre les domaines d’intervention qui composent l’écosystème entrepreneurial à l’étude. La mise en place de cette démarche permet d’établir un certain nombre de constats, sur trois plans, quant à sa pertinence dans l’étude d’un écosystème entrepreneurial. Au plan conceptuel, les résultats montrent leur adéquation avec le cadre d’analyse de l’écosystème entrepreneurial de référence et la possibilité de semi-régularités empiriques permettant la généralisation des résultats. Au plan théorique, les construits latents obtenus de la carte des concepts peuvent aider à approfondir les réflexions au sujet des variables endogènes et des facteurs exogènes liés à ces actions. La mise à l’épreuve de la cartographie des concepts apporte également une contribution au plan managérial, puisqu’elle permet de mesurer l’importance et la faisabilité perçue des actions proposées. L’ensemble de ces résultats apporte une meilleure compréhension des grands thèmes d’actions que les dirigeants, au sein de leur microentreprise, et les accompagnateurs au service du développement entrepreneurial, peuvent mettre en place.
Les leviers sociaux de la réussite entrepreneuriale
Authors: Omrane Amina , Zeribi-Ben Slimane Olfa
Published: March 2015

Le capital social constitue un outil pertinent non seulement pour développer le réseau de relations sociales que détient l’entrepreneur avec les parties prenantes clés au développement de son entreprise nouvellement créée, mais également pour favoriser son accès aux ressources externes stratégiques, à savoir le financement et les informations requises.

Or, la rareté des recherches consacrées aux antécédents du capital social entrepreneurial nous a interpellées et amenées à tenter d’approfondir notre appréhension du processus par lequel l’entrepreneur pourrait contribuer à faire perdurer son entreprise nouvelle. Il serait donc judicieux de porter une attention particulière aux facteurs qui sont susceptibles de faciliter la formation et le développement du capital social entrepreneurial.

Une étude menée auprès de 120 entrepreneurs de sociétés de services et d’ingénierie informatique (SSII) tunisiennes illustre le rôle que jouent les compétences sociales de l’entrepreneur dans le développement d’un capital social (découlant d’un réseau étendu, de relations riches en liens faibles et non redondants) propice à un accès plus facile aux informations et au financement requis. Ces compétences sociales renferment le management de l’impression via la valorisation d’autrui, la persuasion sociale et l’intelligence émotionnelle de soi.
La détermination de l’employeur véritable après la décision Ville de Pointe-Claire
Authors: Fontaine Laurence Léa
Published: March 2015

Divers éléments, tels que l’exacerbation de la concurrence ou encore l’influence des nouvelles technologies, produisent des transformations liées au capitalisme néolibéral, celui-ci offrant une place de choix au marché économique. Concrètement, ces profondes transformations du travail entraînent flexibilité, précarisation et mobilité de la main-d’oeuvre, ce qui conduit à l’émergence du travail atypique sous diverses nouvelles catégories d’emploi, dont celles qui permettent d’externaliser la main-d’oeuvre. Le recours à l’intermédiation, et plus particulièrement au travail temporaire par l’entremise d’agences de location de personnel, s’inscrit dans une logique néolibérale qui ignore l’intensité du rapport de force opposant employeur et travailleuses et travailleurs. Le salarié embauché par une agence de location de personnel est mis au service d’une entreprise cliente : l’emploi temporaire participe alors à l’instauration d’une relation de nature tripartite, non prévue par le Code du travail. Cette dernière peut entraîner dans l’esprit du travailleur une certaine confusion sur la question de savoir qui est son véritable employeur. D’un point de vue juridique, connaître l’identité du véritable employeur est cruciale pour l’application de différentes lois ayant pour objet le bien-être de la main-d’oeuvre. Ensuite, de la loi applicable découle un ensemble de droits et d’obligations s’imposant aux parties. Le texte qui suit concerne précisément les relations collectives de travail et l’accès à la représentation collective par les travailleuses et travailleurs. Le coeur de l’analyse consiste à mettre en lumière les différents critères permettant la détermination de l’identité du véritable employeur du plaignant. Aux termes de l’approche souple et globale mise au point par la Cour suprême du Canada dans la décision Ville de Pointe-Claire, le véritable employeur est celui qui a le plus de contrôle sur tous les aspects du travail du salarié selon la situation factuelle particulière à chaque affaire. Le critère essentiel dans la détermination du véritable employeur réside en fait dans le contrôle fondamental des conditions de travail, ce qui implique l’analyse d’un ensemble de facteurs, aussi appelés « attributs ». La jurisprudence postérieure à la décision Ville de Pointe-Claire est variée et est classée selon différentes tendances : les critères utilisés pour déterminer le véritable employeur sont les mêmes que dans cette décision de la Cour suprême, ou ne le sont pas nécessairement ; des critères apparaissent, tandis que d’autres sont écartés.
Estrategias de evangelización y catequización de las misioneras Lauritas en el Occidente Antioqueño (1914-1925)
Authors: Montoya Upegui Laura
Published: March 2015

This article analyzes the strategies used by the Missionaries of Mary Immaculate and St. Catherine of Siena to evangelize the Catío Indians of western Antioquia during the initial formative period of the missionary congregation (1914-1925). The article portrays the internal logic of the missions and shows the particular characteristics of the methods used by these missionaries. Delving into how imaginaries and representations of the world intersect within evangelization processes, the text shows how these are not unidirectional but, rather, processes of struggle, acceptance and resistance. In short, they are processes in which both the missionary and the indigenous groups learn how to benefit from each other by adapting, learning and deciding what to value as their own and what to accept from that very other.
La conversión al islam como estrategia de cambio y diferenciación en la modernidad
Authors: Sarrazin Jean Paul , Rincón Lina
Published: March 2015

This article seeks to contribute to the knowledge of Islam in the Colombian context, through ethnographic observations and narratives of individuals who have converted to said religion in Bogota. In addition to analyzing the motives for their conversion, it studies the way these people have constructed a new religious identity altering their perception of themselves, their system of beliefs and values, their behavior and their relation to the socio-cultural environment around them. It also examines the link between the private and the public spheres, between the symbolic and the political, that becomes visible when, by openly adhering to a religion that is usually stigmatized, a person resists the hegemonic forms of socialization in Colombian society.
Participaciones activas y pasivas de los evangélicos en los espacios públicos y políticos en Chile entre 1973 y 1999
Authors: Mansilla Miguel Ángel , Orellana Luis
Published: March 2015

This article analyzes the public and private positions and actions of various groups and evangelical organizations from the beginning of the military dictatorship in 1973 to achievement of the law of religious freedom and equality and of worship in 1999. It also analyzes the role of the main evangelical groups for solidarity and the defense of human rights, as well as demonstrations for the separation of state and religion, against the military dictatorship, and in favor of the law of equality of religion. Finally, it refers to different questionings on the part of evangelical groups interested in politics, and their attempt to become integrated either collectively or individually into the political life of the country.
Technology and Feminism: A Strange Couple
Authors: Pujol Joan , Montenegro Marisela
Published: March 2015

The “gender digital divide” constitutes a prolific research program that compares the differences between women and men in access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Nevertheless, those using feminist socio-constructivist perspectives argue for the need to pay attention, not only to “access,” but also to “design,” in addition to considering social relations as something that is coded within technological artifacts. From this perspective, gender constitutes an integral part of technological production. This paper explores the co-constitution of gender and technology, considering a specific action– research experience. It is argued that the re-signification of gendered and technological codes drifts through: a) the opening of gendered and technological codes; b) the production of new cultural imaginaries that question hegemonic representations of gender; and c) the production of new subjectivities through the reorganization of socio-technical practices to develop performative acts that transform patriarchal relations.
Métodos de Diálogo con Grandes Grupos. Herramientas para afrontar la complejidad
Authors: Mínguez Alcaide Xavier
Published: March 2015

The article presents the basic characteristics of Large Group Methods (LGM), a set of dialogue tools to deal with the complex realities of today’s world. Starting off from a vision of social phenomena based on complexity, according to which they must be dealt with through systemic, participatory and creative approaches, it proposes the use of LGM. After introducing the reasons for their use, their common characteristics and different classifications, it presents three examples of LGM: The World Café, Future Search Conference, and Open Space Technology. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for social innovation to create spaces for dialogue that will contribute to greater democracy.
Dios como sicario: la muerte violenta y el desorden teológico en Colombia
Authors: Molina Garrido Germán Andrés
Published: March 2015

Dense description of liminal social experiences, characterized by painstaking work with details, is a unique laboratory for understanding ambivalent fissures, producing and produced, through which to discover clues about how solidification mechanisms work on imaginaries. Here I describe the collective experience of a violent death that occurred on a street in Bogota where an intensive sensory exchange took place between different social actors motivated by the public collection of the corpse. The scene thus reveals the fissures through which a process of normalization and naturalization of evil is filtered, derived from an ambivalent use of God, in the midst of an implicit social game of solidification called theological lawlessness here.
General features of the retinal connectome determine the computation of motion anticipation
Authors: Johnston Jamie , Lagnado Leon
Published: March 2015

Motion anticipation allows the visual system to compensate for the slow speed of phototransduction so that a moving object can be accurately located. This correction is already present in the signal that ganglion cells send from the retina but the biophysical mechanisms underlying this computation are not known. Here we demonstrate that motion anticipation is computed autonomously within the dendritic tree of each ganglion cell and relies on feedforward inhibition. The passive and non-linear interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synapses enables the somatic voltage to encode the actual position of a moving object instead of its delayed representation. General rather than specific features of the retinal connectome govern this computation: an excess of inhibitory inputs over excitatory, with both being randomly distributed, allows tracking of all directions of motion, while the average distance between inputs determines the object velocities that can be compensated for.
Determinants of Customer Experience and Resulting Satisfaction and Revisit Intentions: PLS-SEM Approach towards Malaysian Resort Hotels
Authors: Ali Faizan , Omar Rosmini
Published: March 2015

This study aims to assess physical and social environments as determinants of customer experiences with regard to guest satisfaction and intentions to revisit Malaysian resort hotels. It examines a research framework constituting physical and social environment and analyses the results of the survey to test the hypotheses. Questionnaires were distributed to customers of resort hotels at Langkawi, Malaysia that were selected using convenience sampling. The data collected were analysed using partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that physical and social environments are good predictors of customer satisfaction and revisit intentions. The results also indicate that customer satisfaction contribute positively to revisit intentions. The implications and limitations of the study are also discussed.
Flora of Mt. Mantalingahan Range, Palawan Island, Philippines: Basis for Prioritizing Protected Areas
Authors: SOPSOP LITA B. , SOPSOP GLENN O.
Published: March 2015

In Palawan Island, Philippines, Mt. Mantalingahan is given high conservation value because its varied habitats harbor different organisms including important wildlife, but little is known about its floristic composition. Using the Variable Transect Method for Rapid Assessment of Tropical Plant Communities, its peripheral forest flora in four surrounding municipalities was surveyed to describe the community structure and assess the priority areas for protection. The mountain’s peripheral forest is rich in diversified flora having at least 351 species in 214 genera and 92 families. Endemism is remarkably high having at least 50 species of which nine are only found in Palawan, higher than the six species found in Puerto Princesa City Underground River National Park. It contains numerous plant species that are rare with narrow habitat range, economically important, and 13 vulnerable, four endangered and five critically endangered. From the criteria in prioritizing areas for protection, Rizal municipality ranked first, followed by Bataraza, Sofrono Española, and Brooke’s Point municipalities. Results from rapid floral assessment demonstrate that Mt. Mantalingahan Range is one of the most important sites in Palawan Corridor for biodiversity conservation. The best and strictest measures should be applied to prevent any degradation of such a rich genetic resource. Keywords - Plant Ecology, flora, threatened species, ecological design, Palawan, Philippines
Dysfunction in Patients With Small-for-Size Grafts After Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Mori Shozo , Park Min-Su , Kim Hyeyoung , Choi Youngrok , Hong Geun , Yi Nam-Joon , Lee Kwang-Woong , Suh Kyung-Suk
Published: March 2015

The relationship between postoperative percentage fall of platelet (PLT) counts and graft dysfunction after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in recipients with small-for-size (SFS) graft has not been fully evaluated. We retrospectively studied 50 adult-to-adult LDLT recipients with a graft-to-recipient weight ratio of <0.8% between 1999 and 2011. Graft dysfunction was defined as the presence of hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy, or ascites on 3 consecutive days during the first postoperative week. Each clinical sign of dysfunction was assigned 1 point. Postoperative percentage fall in PLT counts, graft dysfunction score, and postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification were investigated. Overall, 31 patients (62%) exhibited a PLT count fall of more than 50%, and 19 (38%) patients exhibited a PLT count fall of less than 50% at postoperative day (POD) 3. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that at POD 3, the cutoff value of PLT count fall was 56% for a graft dysfunction score of 2 or 3 (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 63.3%). Fourteen of 20 patients (70%) with a dysfunction score of 2 or 3 and 11 of 30 patients (37%) with a dysfunction score of 0 or 1 showed a fall in PLT count >56% at POD 3 (P = 0.021). Grade 2 to 5 complications were more observed in patients with a dysfunction score of 2 or 3 than in patients with a dysfunction score of 0 or 1 (P < 0.001). The fall of PLT count at POD 3 >56% is an ominous sign that can predict the graft dysfunction after LDLT in recipients with SFS graft.
A Case of G-CSF–Producing Histiocytic Sarcoma of the Stomach
Authors: Hanaoka Toshiharu , Jingu Kazuhiko , Tochigi Toru , Hoshino Isamu , Uematu Takeshi , Matsubara Hisahiro
Published: March 2015

No reports have been published to date regarding primary gastric granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF)–producing histiocytic sarcoma. We encountered a case of primary gastric histiocytic sarcoma that also fulfilled the criteria for a G-CSF–producing tumor. A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric cancer with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient's white blood cell count was elevated to 20,700/μL, and the G-CSF level was elevated to 380 pg/mL. A computed tomography scan showed hepatic infiltration; therefore, a preoperative diagnosis of T4 (liver) N2H0M0 cStage IV gastric cancer was made, and surgery was performed. No. 11d lymphatic metastasis was noted, resulting in invasion of the pancreatic tail, and combined resection of the liver, pancreas, and spleen was conducted with complete gastrectomy. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining were subsequently assessed. On discharge, the G-CSF level had fallen to 22.7 pg/mL. Currently, the patient is still alive and has experienced no recurrence approximately 4 years after the operation.
A Case of Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Stomach With Focal Intestinal Metaplasia and Hypergastrinemia
Authors: Yamauchi Hayato , Sakurai Shinji , Nakazawa Nobuhiro , Yoshida Tomonori , Tabe Yuichi , Saitoh Kana , Fukasawa Takaharu , Kiriyama Shinsuke , Naitoh Hiroshi , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: March 2015

Among neuroendocrine neoplasms, mixed exocrine and endocrine characteristics with at least 30% of each component are classified into mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC), according to the 2010 World Health Organization classification. We experienced a rare case of MANEC of the stomach with focal intestinal metaplasia and hypergastrinemia. A 76-year-old Japanese male was diagnosed as having gastric adenocarcinoma and underwent total gastrectomy. The pathologic diagnosis was MANEC of the stomach accompanied by unusual mucosal atrophy without Helicobacter pylori infection, the characteristics of which were different from both type A and type B atrophic gastritis. The patient has a history of long-term use of a proton pump inhibitor. Additional serum chemistry examination using preoperatively obtained plasma from the patient revealed hypergastrinemia. The mechanism of gastric MANEC carcinogenesis is still unclear, but that might be correlated with unusual intestinal metaplasia and hypergastrinemia in this case.