bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M﻿﻿obiles Arbeiten vor und seit Corona. Arbeitssoziologische Perspektiven
Authors: Vogl Gerlinde , Carstensen Tanja
Published: May 2021

Mobile Arbeit ist für viele Beschäftigte alltäglich und ein strukturierendes Element ihres beruflichen und privaten Lebens. Die Mobilitätsanforderungen an Beschäftigte sind vielfältig. Sie umfassen die Arbeitswege, die immer länger werden, das Unterwegssein in der Arbeit, z. B. auf Dienstreisen oder bei Arbeit an wechselnden Einsatzorten, und nicht zuletzt das Arbeiten zu Hause und unterwegs. Der Beitrag resümiert die arbeitssoziologische Forschung zu mobiler Arbeit. Er gibt zunächst einen Überblick über deren Herausbildung und systematisiert ihre unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, wie sich die Mobilitätsanforderungen auf die Arbeitsbedingungen der Beschäftigten auswirken und welche Implikationen mobile Arbeit für verkehrspolitische Fragen hat. Abschließend gibt der Text einen Einblick in erste Ergebnisse zu den Veränderungen durch die Corona-Pandemie und diskutiert hiervon ausgehend mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Abstrakt-generelle Duldungen im europäisierten Glücksspielstrafrecht
Authors: Gaede Karsten
Published: May 2021

Gaede examines the little-discussed question of whether administrative acquiescence precludes the accusation of unlawful gambling against the background of EU law. He shows that the transitional regime established until the full enforceability of the State Treaty on Gambling in 2021 limits criminal liability. In detail, he explains why a total internet ban on virtual slot machine games is no longer in conformity with EU law. He clarifies that general tolerations can also exclude § 284 StGB if they are in accordance with the legal discretion of the authorities. Gaede discusses the legal situation before and after 1.7.2021. The author is co-editor of the series and professor in particular of German and European economic criminal law.
Rechtsschutz der Aktionäre bei Verstößen gegen die Mindestpreisregeln im Übernahmerecht
Authors: Hettich Rebecca C.M.
Published: May 2021

Neither the existence of takeover price rules nor regulatory supervision effectively protect individuals from a control-induced exit from the company on inappropriate terms. The shareholders of the target company are dependent on legal protection under civil law in order to enforce their rights. De lege lata, remaining shareholders in particular are confronted with immense evidentiary difficulties, for example in proving willingness to sell at the minimum price as a mandatory prerequisite for the bidder's liability under c.i.c. principles. In view of the existing deficits in legal protection, a concrete reform proposal is put forward.
The Ecological Ethics of Nordic Children’s Tales
Authors: Witoszek Nina , Mueller Martin Lee ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: May 2021

For decades now, environmental philosophers from Arne Næss to Freya Mathews have dreamt of environmental ethics that “make things happen.” We contend such ethics can be found in Nordic children’s tales—those scriptures of moral guidance, and influential propellers of environmental action. In this essay we discuss the moral-imaginative worlds of fictitious in Nordic children’s tales, choosing some of the most canonical stories of the Nordics as our focal point. We argue the complex and often inconsistent philosophical mediations between human and more-than-human worlds as imagined by Astrid Lindgren, Selma Lagerlöf, Thorbjørn Egner, or Tove Jansson are as viable philosophical works as other, more systematic studies in environmental ethics. Further, we argue that places, or indeed larger geographical regions, animate the moral imagination of the characters who live there, suggesting there is a reciprocal and mutually enhancing relationship between dwelling, thinking, and acting, between being animated and becoming animateur. Indeed, we may speak of this animated and animating, cultural-ecological topos as part of a genuine Nordic Ecosphere. Coruscating in this ecosphere are the sparkles of ‘literary ecological ethics,’ which influence human actions, not as much through analysis, documentation, or argument as through world-making stories, images, and models of environmental heroines.
Qualidade e segurança no uso da insulinoterapia pela população idosa
Authors: Krolow Michele Rohde , Machado Karla Pereira , Oliveira Adriéli Timm , Soares Mariangela Uhlmann , Volz Pâmela Moraes , Thumé Elaine
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade e segurança individual e coletiva no uso de insulina pela população idosa em um município de grande porte do sul do Brasil. Método: estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em 2016-2017 com idosos de 68 anos ou mais. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos domicílios dos idosos. O desfecho foi medido pela forma de utilização e descarte das seringas e agulhas. Realizou-se análise descritiva mediante cálculo das proporções e projeções dos dados para os idosos do município. Resultados: foram entrevistados 735 idosos. A prevalência de diabetes foi de 20,0%, e 13,8% faziam uso de insulina injetável. A reutilização das seringas e agulhas foi relatada por 55,0% e 65,0% referiram descartar o material direto no lixo comum. Conclusões: a qualidade e a segurança dos idosos em insulinoterapia estão comprometidas, sendo necessário implementar estratégias de educação em saúde que visem melhorar o conhecimento e acesso as orientações adequadas.
Abandono do tratamento e cessação do tabagismo: análise dos dados de um programa de controle
Authors: Da Rocha Bruna Vanti , Vieira Danielle Soares Rocha , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos tabagistas em tratamento e os fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento e cessação do tabagismo em um programa municipal. Método: estudo transversal realizado em Araranguá, Santa Catarina com 109 pessoas do Programa Controle do Tabagismo, entre março e dezembro de 2018. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas e de saúde, incluindo sintomas depressivos, impulsividade e capacidade de enfrentamento. Realizou-se análises descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados: 40,4% dos participantes abandonaram o tratamento, grupo que obteve maior média para impulsividade. Os principais motivos relatados para o abandono do tratamento foram: “estar bem sem fumar”, situações relacionadas ao trabalho e sintomas de abstinência. Observou-se que 7,64% cessaram o tabagismo e 93,8% apresentavam dependência leve à nicotina. Conclusão: apesar do abandono ser alto, alguns permaneceram em cessação. Os com 49 anos ou menos foram tiveram abandono significativamente maior e a dependência à nicotina apresenta-se como dificultador significativo da cessação.
Redox properties of grape wine skin extracts from the Šumadija region: An electron paramagnetic resonance study
Authors: Nakarada Đura , Marković Srđan , Popović Milan , Dimitrijević Milena , Rakić Aleksandra , Mojović Miloš
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Comprising of a unique combination of bioactive polyphenol compounds, grapes are shown to have a beneficial effect on the skin as well as the whole body. They exhibit high antioxidative and antiradical activity through mechanisms of heavy metals chelation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and preserving the integrity of the cell membranes. In the winemaking industry, after crushing and pressing, grape pomace (stems, seeds, pulp, and skin) is removed as a by-product. This valuable source of bioactive compounds is often treated as animal food, compost, raw material in the brewery, but unfortunately mostly disposed of as unusable waste. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare redox properties of absolute EtOH, 50% EtOH, and H2 O grape wine skin extracts in a way of scavenging DPPH radicals, showing that biowaste obtained from grape wineskins could be used as an immense source of bioactive compounds with high antiradical activity. Material and Methods: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to detect the activity of grape skin extracts toward DPPH radicals and UHPLC-DAD MS/MS analysis to separate, identify and quantify their active components. Results: The results show that Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Blanc grape skin extracts have unexpectedly large potential to remove DPPH radicals from the system. Having in mind the concentration of redox-active components obtained by UHPLC-DAD MS/MS analysis and presented EPR results, there is strong evidence that primarily quercetin 3-O-glucoside, as well as kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 7-O-glucoside supplemented with catechin and rutin are responsible for the antioxidative capacity of extracts. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that extracts obtained from grape skins, initially intended as biowaste, exhibit high antiradical activity. The largest quantity of the most redox-active components could be found in 50% EtOH extracts, which we propose to be the starting material for making potent redox-active cosmetic products and dietary supplements.
What drives the capital structure? The case of non-life insurance companies in Serbia
Authors: Božović Miloš , Koprivica Marija
Published: May 2021

This paper studies the factors behind the capital structure of insurance companies. We used financial reports of non-life and composite insurance companies in Serbia between 2006 and 2019. In particular, we apply a panel-data approach to examine the relationship between leverage, defined as the ratio of technical reserves to capital and various firm-level characteristics. The coefficients estimated using the individual fixed-effects model indicate a significant and negative influence of profitability, growth and liquidity measures on leverage and a significant and positive influence of company size. The results indicate that the tradeoff theory and the pecking order theory are relevant in explaining the non-life insurer capital structure in Serbia.
Deterioration of the Global Arms Control Regime and the Role of the Vienna Document in Reviving Stability and Confidence in Europe
Authors: Stefanović Andrej
Published: May 2021

The author explores the deterioration and (forthcoming) collapse of the global arms control system, with special consideration given to potential consequences this event would have for the European continent. In this context, and in assessing the significance of the remaining mechanisms for preventing a potential arms race and deepening of conflict in Europe, he draws attention to the OSCE Vienna Document, as a tool which could enable the revival of stability through confidence building in Europe, especially in view of its capacity for adaptation and modernization.
Retraction: Critics and aspects of the European citizenship according to the CJEU: From Rottmann to Tjebbes and others (2020, vol 17, no. 1, doi: 10.5937/MegRev2001001L)
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: May 2021

The commission of the Megatrend Review, formed to investigate issue, based on comparison of two scientific papers: A) Da Rottmann a Tjebbes e.a.: riflessioni sulla giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia in materia di cittadinanza europea, ISSN 2284-3531, published at the Ordine internazionale e diritti umani, (2019), pp. 997-1014., http://www.rivistaoidu.net/sites/default/files/8_Orzan.pdf; and B) Critics and Aspects of the European Citizenship According to the CJEU: From Rottmann to Tjebbes and Others, doi:10.5937/MegRev2001001L, published at the Megatrend Review Vol. 17, № 1, 2020: 1-26, http://megatrend.edu.rs/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Megatrend_revija_ Vol_17_No_1_2020_WEB.pdf concluded on October 13th 2020 that some parts of the original paper (A) in Italian language have been used without proper quotations in the paper (B) in the English language. Following this conclusion, the Commission proposed to the Editorial Board to officially withdraw paper (B) electronically published in Megatrend Review №. 1 in 2020. Notification of the withdrawal will be issued in Megatrend Review №. 3 in December 2020. The Editorial Board has accepted the proposal related to the above-mentioned text.
Quantum security and 6G critical infrastructure
Authors: Hoschek Miloslav
Published: May 2021

In the mid 2030-s in the field of defense and national security communications the quantum computers and 6G artificial intelligence will have domination. 6G communication is accepted in a variety of mobile data comparts transmitted through spectral technologies. The human body becomes a part of the 6G network architecture. A set of network nodes or wearable devices, embedded sensors or nanodes collect confidential information that is exchanged for multiple purposes, such as health, statistics, and safety. An important part of the 6G new paradigm will be intelligent reflective surfaces, quantum teleportation, quantum encrypted messaging, 6G holography, distributed ledger, 6G layer security threats. The 6G wireless standards will allow real-time time zone high-speed internet communication with 1TB data per second. The radio frequency networks, THZ communications, molecular communications, and quantum communications will dramatically improve data rates.
Circular economy management in business organizations using digital technologies
Authors: Pavlović Angelina , Nestić Snežana , Bošković Goran
Published: May 2021

The circular economic model management in business organizations around the world depends on the emergence of innovations in technology, organizational forms and business models. The level of circularity of a business organization largely depends on the development of digital technologies. In a real dynamic business environment, digital technologies can be applied to capture the full potential of circular strategies for improving resource efficiency and productivity. By applying digital technology in business organizations, it is possible to monitor the process of transition of a linear economic model to a circular economic model. Therefore, this paper aims to review developed digital tools, which can be used to monitor the circular economy at the level of a business organization, in order to improve the decision-making process in the analyzed area.
Medical waste management
Authors: Krivokuća Milan
Published: May 2021

Medical waste management is of great importance for people and the environment. Irresponsible management and classification of medical waste can lead to environmental hazards and cause health risks to both employees and patients. Traditional waste disposal on landfills are the most common form of waste disposal in our country, although the authors see the most efficient incineration solution as a more appropriate method or an integrated method of hierarchical management from the generation stage to waste treatment, which brings economic advantage and risk reduction potential damages. In order to live in harmony with the environment, the problem of waste disposal must be recognized as one of the important tasks of all structures involved in its creation and disposal.
Arthroscopically assisted osteosynthesis of tibial plateau fracture, Schatzker type III: Case report
Authors: Jovanović Nemanja , Mičeta Lazar , Aleksandrić Dejan , Bogosavljević Nikola , Slavković Nemanja
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries that, in most cases, require surgical treatment in order to prevent far-reaching consequences for the functionality and quality of life of the patient. While numerous surgical techniques have been described, it is evident that the technique of arthroscopically assisted repositioning (reduction) and internal fixation has the potential to take the lead in the management of these types of injuries. Case report. We present the case of a 36-year-old patient injured in a traffic accident with a fracture of the left tibial plateau, type III by Schatzker classification. After the diagnostic procedures and preparation, the patient was operated on using arthroscopically assisted repositioning (reduction) and internal fixation, with the filling of the bone defect with a combination of allogenic and synthetic bone graft. No other intra-articular injuries were diagnosed intraoperatively. The postoperative recovery went without complications, and after a period of 10 weeks of non-weight bearing and functional rehabilitation, the fracture healed completely, while the patient regained full range of motion in the knee. Conclusion. Although this type of injury has traditionally been treated with open surgery, we believe that minimally invasive surgery is the future, when it comes to tibial plateau fractures Schatzker types I-III. There is still not enough data in the literature regarding the long-term outcomes of this type of treatment, but the early postoperative results are extremely encouraging since this surgical technique enables faster recovery and fewer postoperative complications.
Approximation of the Calm Water Resistance on a Sailing Yacht Based on the 'Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series'
Authors: Kenning J. A. , Sonnenberg U. B.
Published: May 2021

Over the past years a considerable extension has been given to the Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series (DSYHS) The DSYHS data set now contains information about both the bare hull and appended hull resistance in the upright and the heeled condition, the resistance increase due to the longitudinal trimming moment of the sails, the side force production and induced resistance due to side force at various combinations of forward speeds, leeway angles and heeling angles. New formulations for the relevant hydrodynamic forces as function of the hull geometry parameters have been derived to be able to deal with a larger variety of yacht hull shapes and appendage designs. During the past two years some results of this research have already been published. In the present paper an almost complete picture of the relevant expressions which may be used in a Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) will be presented.
An Improved Upwind Sail Model For VPP's
Authors: Jackson Peter
Published: May 2021

In velocity prediction programs for yachts the problem of modelling sail forces is greatly complicated by the fact that the sail shapes are not fixed. For a given sail plan, alterations in sail trim produce a wide range of combinations of lift, drag and heeling moment. While the original solution to this problem using the well-known parameters flat and reef has been very successful, it has some obvious defects. In particular, it does not correctly model the practice of twisting a sail to reduce heeling moment. This paper therefore sets out an improved model which satisfies the essential requirements for upwind sails; namely that the model is based upon fundamental aerodynamic principles, allows all the unknowns to be determined from tests (full scale or wind tunnel) and permits the best sail trim to be selected for optimization of performance. The essential new step is to introduce a new trim parameter twist which correctly accounts for the practice of allowing the head of a sail to twist off in order to reduce heeling moment.
A Time-Domain Simulation for Predicting the Downwind Performance of Yachts in Waves
Authors: Harris Dougal , Thomas Giles , Renilson Martin
Published: May 2021

Yachts racing in many of today's high profile races, such as the America's Cup and the Volvo Ocean Race, spend much time sailing downwind in following seas. The development of a method for predicting the performance of yachts sailing downwind in waves would therefore provide a valuable design tool for racing yacht designers.

This paper describes the development of a time­domain simulation for predicting the performance of yachts sailing in irregular seas for apparent wind angles between 90 and 180 degrees. The simulation output may be used to either directly compare different designs or augment existing polar plots for the effect of a following sea.

The simulation is comprised of three main modules: the wave induced longitudinal force, the resistance force and the sail aerodynamic force. The resistance and wave force modules have been validated through semi-captive model experiments. Results from the complete simulation have been compared with those obtained from free running model experiments.

Numerical experiments on a number of hull and rig configurations have been conducted using the simulation. Results are presented with conclusions being drawn on the effect of hull form and environmental conditions on downwind performance.
Aerodynamic Performance of Offwind Sails Attached to Sprits
Authors: Ranzenbach Robert , Teeters Jim
Published: May 2021

The primary purpose of this offwind sail investigation was to better understand the relative performance of symmetric spinnakers flown from conventional poles and asymmetric spinnakers flown from conventional poles or sprits, i.e. poles restricted to the centerline.

The specific goal was to improve the aerodynamic modeling of offwind sails used in the International Measurement System (IMS) handicapping formula to address perceived inequities in their performance potential, particularly when running at very deep angles.

Running style offwind sails of varying size, type, and pole configuration were evaluated over appropriate ranges of angle of attack and trim settings. Improved performance coefficients were developed from this data for inclusion into the 2001 IMS velocity prediction program.
Realidad aumentada y estimulación de la competencia socio-comunicativa en sujetos con TEA
Authors: Del Moral Pérez María Esther , López-Bouzas Nerea
Published: May 2021

Se recogen estudios centrados en analizar el impacto de la realidad aumentada (RA) en intervenciones con sujetos con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), orientados a estimular sus competencias social y comunicativa, favoreciendo su interacción social. Se adopta una metodología cualitativa, concretada en la revisión sistemática de investigaciones (N=26) -a través de meta-análisis-, publicadas durante 2012-2020 en revistas de impacto, desarrolladas en tres contextos: educativo, experimental-psicológico y tecnológico. Los resultados reflejan que en su mayoría son estudios de caso. Destacan los estudios de índole tecnológico, ligados al diseño e implementación de recursos con RA en ámbito clínico. Asimismo, los asociados a intervenciones en contextos educativos incorporan la RA como recursos didácticos en ámbitos escolares. Los desarrollados en contextos experimentales-psicológicos describen intervenciones con RA y analizan el comportamiento de los sujetos en diversos ámbitos. Se observa unanimidad al subrayar el impacto positivo de las app o sistemas de RA para estimular la interacción social. Sin embargo, no especifican las fases de intervención ni utilizan app o recursos comerciales o accesibles, limitando su extrapolación a otros contextos. Concluyendo, se precisan equipos interdisciplinares que compartan hallazgos que redunden en beneficio de los sujetos con TEA, suscitando intervenciones que favorezcan su plena inclusión socio-educativa.

Some studies, focused on analysing the impact of augmented reality in interventions to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), are gathered, directed to stimulate their social and communicative abilities in order to favour their social interaction. A qualitative methodology is adopted in this paper as specified in the systematic revision of investigations (N=26) -through meta-analysis- published during 2012-2020 in specialized academic journals and developed in three different contexts: educative, technological and psycho-experimental. The results show that most of them are case studies. Technological studies, bound to the design and establishment of augmented reality resources in the clinical setting, are the ones that stand out. Furthermore, those associated to interventions in the educational environment incorporate augmented reality as a teaching resource in the school setting. Finally, those developed in a psycho-experimental context describe interventions with augmented reality and analyse the people’s behaviour in different fields. Unanimity is observed when it comes to highlight the positive impact these apps or augmented reality systems have to stimulate social interaction. However, interventions phases are not specified nor are accessible or commercial resources used, what restricts its extrapolation to other contexts. In conclusion, an interdisciplinary equipment which shares the discoveries concerning the benefit of people with ASD is required, arousing interventions which favour their total socio-educational inclusion.
SPECIFIC NATURE OF ACID-BASE INTERACTION OF OCTA(4-TERT-BUTYLPHENYL)TETRAPYRAZINOPORPHYRAZINE WITH ORGANIC PROTON-ACCEPTOR MOLECULES IN BENZENE
Authors: Petrov Oleg A. , Semeykin Aleksandr S. , Shilovskaya Mariya V. , Lyubimova Tatiana V.
Published: May 2021

The reaction of acid-base interaction of octa(4-tert-butylphenyl)tetrapyrazinophosphyrazine with pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, morhpoline, pipyridine, n-butylamine, tert-butylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and dimethylsulfoxide in benzene was investigated. It is shown that the researched porphyrazine forms kinetically stable proton transfer complexes with pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, morpholine and dimethylsulfoxide. In benzene-base system an acid-base equilibrium between the molecular form of octa(4-tert-butylphenyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine and its proton transfer complex was established. The interaction of substituted tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine with morpholine in benzene was revealed to be a kinetically controllable process which occurs with low reaction rate and high values of activation energy. Such values are not inherent to most of relatively simple liquid-phase acid-base systems. The kinetic equation of the process was found, and, based on the spectral changes accompanying the reaction, a cheme of two-stage process of proton transfer of NH-groups of octa(4-tert-butylphenyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine to morpholine in benzene was proposed. A possible structure of proton transfer complex of octa(4-tert-butylphenyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine with organic bases is shown. In these complexes the inner hydrogen atoms of the cycle, bonded with base molecules, lie under and above the plane of the molecule, and the proton transfer from acid to base is limited either by the H-complex or the ion-ion associates constituting an H-bonded ion pair. Depending on the proton accepting tendency of the base, the acid-base equilibrium can shift towards or away from the more or less polarized structure. It was revealed that in benzene - n-butylamine (tri-butylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, pipyridine) system the acid-base interaction involving octa(4- tert-butylphenyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine occurs incredibly fast, with rates not measurable by standard spectrophotography methods. The forming proton transfer complexes are highly labile due to concurrent proton reaction occurring, leading to the formation of dianion form of octa(4- tert-butylphenyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine. This form undergoes spontaneous dissolution into low-molecular colorless products due to the lack of compensation of excess charge in the macrocycle.
MULTI-RESPONSE OPTIMISATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE COMPOSITE COATINGS Cr-Cr3P IN STATU NASCENDI FROM TRIVALENT CHROMIUM-BATHS
Authors: Vinokurov Evgeny G. , Burukhina Tatiana F. , Napedenina Ekaterina Yu.
Published: May 2021

In this paper the effect of parameters such as current density, temperature, electrolytic bath pH and concentration of chromium sulfate and sodium hypophosphite on the electrodeposition process of the Cr-P alloys was investigated. Chemical composition of the coatings was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Experimental design 25-1 central composite design was used to evaluate the chemical composition of alloys, current efficiency and the appearance of coatings as well as to optimize the electrodeposition process of the alloy using Response Surface Methodology associated with experimental design. The Harrington desirability function was applied for optimization. The optimal composition of bath (in g/l) and electrolysis conditions are proposed: Cr2(SO4)3·6H2O – 285, Al2(SO4)3·12H2O – 120, Na2SO4 – 50, NaH2PO2·H2O – 20, CO(NH2)2 – 70, рН – 1.3, temperature – 35 ºС, current density – 46 А/dm2. An acceptable current efficiency 13-14 % was observed for an alloy obtained under optimal conditions of 46 A/dm2, 35 °C and pH 1.3 from an electrolyte of optimal composition. Under these conditions, the coating contained 16 wt.% phosphorus. The alloys were X-ray amorphous at a phosphorus content of about 6 wt.%. When the phosphorus content was 16 wt.% the alloys became nanocrystalline and the chromium phosphide – Cr3P phase was released, which can be seen from the peaks on X-ray diffractograms. This indicates the formation of Cr-Cr3P nanocrystalline composite coatings under nucleation conditions (in Statu Nascendi). Therefore, the results of this work show the importance of using optimization techniques to obtain metallic coatings with controlled properties for different types of applications.
POLYMER BIOCOMPOSITES BASED ON AGRO WASTE: PART I. SOURCE, CLASSIFICATION, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TREATMENT METHODS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC NATURAL FIBERS
Authors: Arzumanova Nushaba B. , Kakhramanov Najaf T.
Published: May 2021

At present, the depletion of natural resources and environmental problems have generated great interest in finding a sustainable alternative to create new materials that are environmentally friendly. In recent years, many researchers have focused on investigations related to agricultural waste products to solve environmental problems associated with the disposal of agro waste. Thanks to their annual renewability and biodegradability, over the past two decades, agricultural waste has become an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fibers. In this regard, this review gives a general idea of new lignocellulosic polymer composite materials in which various natural fibers are used as fillers and reinforcing additives. The sources, classification and chemical composition of lignocellulosic natural fibers have been also given. Natural fibers include a hydroxyl functional group that makes the fibers hydrophilic. Hydrophilic natural fibers and hydrophobic polymer matrix lead to incompatibility and weak interfacial bonds between them. To resolve the problem of incompatibility of plant fibers with non-polar polymer matrices, various methods of surface treatment of natural fibers, including physical, chemical and biological processing, have been considered. From this perspective, in our opinion, the data presented in this article can be used as a database for further study of agricultural waste as fillers or reinforcing additives in polymer composites in order to accelerate the development and stimulate the commercial production of these new materials.
RADICAL INITIATED COPOLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE AND ACRYLONITRILE IN PRESENCE OF IRON COMPLEXES
Authors: Galimullin Ruslan R. , Sigaeva Natalya N. , Kolesov Sergey V.
Published: May 2021

This article represents data on the effect of organometallic iron complexes: ferrocene, dicarbonyl dimer of cyclopentadienyl iron and tricarbonyl cyclooctatetraene iron on the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by benzoyl peroxide. It is shown that the introduction of metal complexes and their structure affect the initial rate of copolymerization, the form of the diagrams of the composition of the obtained copolymers, and the values of the effective constants of the relative activities of the comonomers in the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile (system metallocomplex of iron – peroxide benzoyl: ferrocene – peroxide benzoyl: rММА = 1.58; rАН= 0.08 in 60 °С; rММА = 1.30; rАН = 0.05 in 50 °С; dicarbonyl dimer cyclopentadienyl iron–peroxide benzoyl: rММА = 1.36; rАН = 0.06 in 60 °С; rММА = 1.09; rАН = 0.14 in 50 °С; tricarbonyl cyclooctatetraene iron -peroxide benzoyl: rММА = 1.08; rАН = 0.15 in 60 °С; rММА = 1.14; rАН = 0.05 in 50 °С; peroxide benzoyl: rММА = 1.11; rАН = 0.07 in 60 °С; rММА = 1.11; rАН = 0.07 in 50 °С). The proportions of triadic sequences of units in copolymers, experimentally determined from 1H NMR spectroscopy, are given, as well as the calculated proportions of dyads. The presence of iron metal complexes affects the distribution of the proportions of the triad and dyad sequences of units, as well as their microstructure in copolymers. These changes are explained by the formation of macromolecules, both with the participation of free radicals and the stereospecific coordination active centers of polymerization that are formed in the presence of iron complexes.
ERBIUM AND SANDWICH-TYPE LUTETIUM COMPLEXES CONTAINING FRAGMENTS OF TETRAANTHRACHINOPORPHIRAZINE AND SUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES
Authors: Znoyko Serafima A. , Elizavarova Alexandra P. , Kustova Tatyana V. , Nakonechnaya Anastasiya N.
Published: May 2021

The present work relates to the synthesis and spectral properties of erbium and sandwich type metal complexes containing tetraanthraquinoporphyrazine as well as phthalocyanine fragments. By reacting tetraanthrachinoporphirazine erbium (lutetium) acetate with excess phthalonitrile, 4-chloro, 4-bromophthalonitrile and unsubstituted phthalonitrile, sandwich-type complexes of an unsymmetrical structure were obtained. The compounds were extracted from the reaction mixture with a suitable organic solvent (DMF or toluene) and purified by prolonged extraction of impurities with acetone in a Soxlet apparatus. Final purification was carried out by column chromatography. The obtained complexes are green solids having solubility in DMSO, DMF, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The composition and structure of complexes were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and electron spectroscopy. Influence of chemical structure of new "sandwich" compounds on their spectral properties and possible applications has been investigated. In particular, when analyzing the electron absorption spectra, it was found that the metal, the nature of the substituents in the tetraanthraquinone moiety and the replacement of hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms in the phthalocyanine moiety slightly affect the nature and position of the absorption maxima. Studies have been carried out on the coloristic properties of synthesized organosoluble metal complexes erbium and lutetium. The compounds have been found to exhibit the properties of pigments and dyes for polymeric materials such as polystyrene and polyethylene. The temperature parameters of thermal oxidative degradation were determined and it was found that the obtained "sandwich" type phthalocyanines have high resistance to thermal oxidative degradation.
FORMATION OF IMPURITIES IN SYNTHESIS GAS AT STAGE OF CONVERSION OF CARBON MONOXIDE TO HYDROGEN IN AMMONIA PRODUCTION
Authors: Ivanova Tatyana V. , Il'in Alexander A. , Rumyantsev Ruslan N. , Kournikova Anastasia A. , Ilyin Alexander P.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the work of the department for the conversion of carbon monoxide with water vapor to hydrogen as part of the ammonia synthesis unit. The effect of temperature and duration of operation of the medium-temperature conversion catalyst on the technical and technological parameters of the process is shown. The catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide is an important component of the hydrogen production process in the industrial technology of deep processing of natural gas. In modern ammonia synthesis units, the conversion process takes place in two stages: first, at a temperature of 360 – 430 °C on iron-chromium, and then at 190 – 260 °C on a copper-containing catalyst. It was found that along with the main products (H2, CO2), the presence of undesirable impurities of ammonia, amines, alcohols, acetates and formates was detected in the synthesis gas. It is shown that the main by-product at the stage of medium-temperature conversion is ammonia, the content of which in the condensate reaches 80-85%. Methanol is formed as a by-product both at the stage of medium-temperature (9-13%) and low-temperature conversion (87-91%). Most of the methanol generated during the conversion process is condensed with water in separators, while the rest goes to the CO2 removal system. In the separator, where the temperature is 160-162 °C, on average 68% of methanol remains in the gas phase, and in the separator, where deeper gas cooling is applied to 72 °C, about 81% of methanol remains in the condensate. To decrease the methanol content, it is necessary to lower the conversion temperature and increase the gas space velocity. Under the conditions of ammonia production from methanol and ammonia, a mixture of amines of varying degrees of substitution is formed, predominantly methylamine (CH3)NH2 and demytylamine (CH3)2NH2. Moreover, about 35-40% of the formed amines goes into condensate, and most of it remains in the gas phase and goes to the stage of cleaning from CO2. In the production of ammonia, solutions based on potash - K2CO3 are used to clean the converted gas from CO2, which absorb organic impurities, which are formed mainly at the stage of low-temperature conversion. Impurities impair the operation of the purification stage and cause foaming of solutions. One of the reasons for foaming is the presence of organic matter degradation products in the solution.
SORPTION PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER FROM ORGANIC DYES USING GRANULATED BLAST-FURNACE SLAG
Authors: Khobotova Elina B. , Hraivoronska Inna V. , Кaliuzhna Iuliia S. , Ihnatenko Maryna I.
Published: May 2021

The properties of granulated blast-furnace slag from “ArcelorMittal Krivoy Rog”, which stipulate its sorption activity, have been determined. The following minerals were identified in the slag fractions: akermanite Ca2MgSi2O7, helenite Ca2Al(Al,Si)2O7, rankinite Ca3Si2O7, pseudowollastonite CaSiO3, merwinite Ca3MgSi2O8, microcline КAlSi3O8, calcite CaCO3, aldhamite CaS with > 50% of calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates. Some phases are in an amorphous sorption-active state. The expediency of activation with water for 1 day is shown, due to which hydroxyl and silanol groups are formed and dissociated on the surface with the formation of a negative charge on the surface of slag particles, which is typical for Ca and Mg aluminosilicates as well as minerals calcite and aldhamite. The shape of the adsorption isotherm indicates the formation of polymolecular layers of the methylene blue (MB) organic dye, which increases the efficiency of the slag sorbent. The adsorption value of MB is not less than 2 mg/g. There is obviously no desorption of MB from the slag, which ensures the safety of both the disposal of the waste sorbent and its utilization as a filler for construction materials. The radiation safety of the slag has been proven. The specific effective activity of slag fractions does not exceed 370 Bq/kg, which allows using them as technical materials without restrictions. A technological scheme of adsorption purification of wastewaters from organic synthesis enterprises and textile industry containing organic dyes, is suggested using a slag sorbent. The stages of the technological process are the following: receiving the slag from the dump, analysis of the mineral composition of the slag, water activation of the slag, static sorption of dyes in the sump, further utilization of the slag and the inflow of purified water into the primary production. The technology provides for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater and its repeated usage, which ensures the closed cycle of water reuse, no need for chemical reagents for the activation of the slag sorbent, improvement of the environmental situation in the locations of the slag dumps due to the use of slags as sorbents.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SYNTHESIS OF NEW ESTER PLASTICIZERS BASED ON RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Levanova Svetlana V. , Krasnykh Evgeniy L. , Moiseeva Svetlana V. , Safronov Sergei P. , Glazko Ilya L.
Published: May 2021

Methods for the synthesis of ester non-toxic biodegradable plasticizers (hazard class 4) using renewable raw materials have been developed: glycerine-containing waste generated in the production of biofuels; citric acid 244, by microbial synthesis from molasses sugar production waste; polyatomic alcohol (neopoliol) – trimethylolpropane – a product of oxosynthesis obtained on the basis of natural gas. The target products are esters with a molecular weight range of 250-600, with low saturated vapor pressure, good thermal stability and polymer compatibility, and chemical inertia. The results of complex researches of processes of esterification of carboxylic acids with hydroxyl compounds in industrial homogeneous catalysts of different acidity (sulfuric acid, p-toluensulfonate, phosphoric acid) allowed determining the main approaches to the selection of raw materials chemical composition. This took into account the availability and toxicological characteristics and evaluation of the technological characteristics of esterification process to increase the conversion of raw materials and achieve a high selectivity for the target product. It is shown that to overcome the thermodynamic limitation in all processes, it is necessary to use a 6-7-fold molar excess of the second reagent: acid or alcohol. A solvent (benzene, toluene) is added to the initial mixture, which maintains a constant temperature and removes the reaction water in the form of an azeotrope. To isolate the target products from the reaction mass, it is proposed to use a film evaporator operating under vacuum (p=5-10 mm Hg, t=105-120 ℃). Samples of tributyrin glycerin, triamyl citrate and triethanoate purity ≥ 98% were obtained. The main physical-chemical properties were determined. A comparison with known industrial analogues was carried out. Evaluation of key quality indicators confirms the possibility of their use as plasticizers in the formulation of PVC pastes.
MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL MODEL OF CLEANING IN A HIGH-GRADIENT MAGNETIC FIELD OF HYDROGENATED FAT FROM SUSPENDED CATALYST
Authors: Tyrtygin Vyacheslav N. , Deniskovets Aleksey A. , Labutin Aleksandr N.
Published: May 2021

The introduction specifies the object of the study - hydrogenated fat subjected to purification from suspended nickel-containing catalyst in a high-gradient magnetic field. The nickel-containing catalyst, due to the presence of nickel salts in it, is paramagnetic and can be effectively extracted from hydrated fat in the magnetic field by a method of highly gradient magnetic separation. In the experiment technique the magnetic field strength was not less than 600 kA/m, the gradient not less than (20-30)∙104 kA/m2. Based on the results and their discussion, the analysis of empirical dependencies on each factor basis is carried out separately, as well as the construction of classical types of one-dimensional non-linear regression models for each of them.  It is shown that the most statistically reliable are the exponential models. It was found that after purification the content of suspended nickel-containing catalyst in the hydrogenated fat has an inverse proportional dependence on the magnetic field strength, height (length) of the filtration zone and filtration rate. A two-dimensional exponential regression model of the content of the nickel-containing catalyst in the hydrogenated fat in the complex dependence on the rate and height of the filtration zone is built. Based on the experimental data at a certain height of the filtration zone and the selected filtration rate, a mathematical-statistical model of change in the concentration of nickel-containing catalyst depending on the magnetic field strength is made. Using the resulting two-dimensional exponential regression model, it is possible to predict the degree of purification of the salomas from the suspended catalyst depending on the specific tension of the magnetic field and to determine the tension of the magnetic field, at which the concentration of nickel as a result of cleaning will reach an advance value.
Empirisk forskning om domstolar i Finland
Authors: Sutela Mika
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe subject of my article-based dissertation in law was decision-making in the general courts of Finland. My research aimed to describe how uniform decisionmaking is in the Finnish courts. With regard to district courts convictions of aggravated drunk driving were the main focus of my study. The results show that there are regional differences in the sentences. Results are based on empirical legal research that draws on aspects of criminal and procedural law as well as criminology. Prior to this, only a few empirical studies had been conducted in Finland that focused on the courts and other criminal sanctioning systems. In the current dissertation, the equality and predictability of judicial decision-making act as theoretical starting points. The dissertation adopts a research tradition established at the international level where the influence of legal and extra-legal factors, e.g., offender age, on sentencing is explored. At a more theoretical level, the dissertation reflects the research tradition of legal realism. Empirical legal research will play an increasingly important role in the future. It can increase both equality before the law, as well as the transparency of decision-making and confidence in the judicial process. Data on, e.g., punishments meted out by the courts, should be kept as current as possible since information on the functioning of the legal system is important. Empirical court research provides a unique basis for discussing levels of punishment. The functioning of the legal system has a major impact on society. Empirical data, including statistics, provide a good basis for a wide range of research.
Hvordan forhindrer jeg brugere i at foretage indsendelser via hjemmeside til vores tidsskrift?
Authors: Frederiksen Niels Erik
Published: May 2021

Denne vejledning er en opdatering af vejledningen Hvordan forhindrer jeg brugere i at foretage indsendelser til tidsskriftet?  https://tidsskrift.dk/ojssb/article/view/116317 i Årg. 10 Nr. 9 (2019)
Trigeminal trophic syndrome in a child – An unusual case report from Syria
Authors: Fawal Heba , Al-Shehabi Zuheir , Soufi Lina
Published: May 2021

The trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare form of cutaneous ulceration characterized by anesthesia, paresthesia and a secondary persistent facial ulceration. It is uncommon in children. However, we report an unusual case of TTS in a 5- year-old child with Moebius syndrome ,extending over the right nostril and then the other nostril was infected. The diagnosis of TTS was based on clinical history, tissue biopsy and serologic evaluation. The ulcer was treated with multiple antibiotics with no improvement. We describe this case because of very few pediatric cases of TTS published in the past , and to increase the awareness of this syndrome among dermatologists.