bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermosensitization of nanostructured PbSe films
Authors: Bakanov V. M. , Maskaeva L. N. , Markov V. F.
Published: July 2015

The mode and conditions of thermal sensitization in the temperature range 648-698K lead selenide films deposited from ethylendiamine acetate system were determined. The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and properties of photosensitive chemically deposited films of PbSe was shown. It is concluded that the results obtained by hydrochemical synthesis of nanostructed highly sensitive to infrared range radiation layer of lead selenide provide performance on the level of best foreign analogues.
Light Intensity Is a Main Factor Affecting Fresh Market Spinach Tolerance for Phenmedipham
Authors: Lati Ran N. , Mou Beiquan , Rachuy John S. , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: July 2015

The few available herbicides for fresh market spinach do not provide adequate weed control, and there is need for additional herbicide tools. Phenmedipham is registered for use in processing spinach but not in fresh spinach, because of potential injury and the short interval between application and spinach harvest. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance level of fresh spinach varieties to phenmedipham and evaluate the impact of light intensity on tolerance of spinach to phenmedipham. In the greenhouse, nine spinach varieties were treated with phenmedipham (0.55 kg ai ha−1). Spinach varieties exhibited a wide range of tolerance, and dry weights of treated plants ranged from 40 to 78% compared to the nontreated control. Based on the phenmedipham tolerance screen, two varieties with low (Nordic) and high (Regal) tolerance to phenmedipham were treated, then exposed to half (shaded) and full (nonshaded) sunlight. Nonshaded Nordic treated with phenmedipham had 65% lower dry weight compared to similarly treated plants grown under shade, suggesting that spinach tolerance to phenmedipham was mainly affected by light intensity. Measurements of electron transfer intensity in photosystem II also showed tolerance to phenmedipham that varied among spinach varieties and light intensity. The maximum values of electron transfer in photosystem II of Regal treated with phenmedipham were higher than those of similarly treated Nordic. In the field, phenmedipham was applied under varied light and temperature conditions. The impact of light intensity on yield of treated spinach was greater than the impact of temperature. Phenmedipham applied under high light conditions was more injurious than when applied under low light conditions. Results from this study can contribute to successful integration of phenmedipham into currently used fresh spinach weed management, which in turn can allow more efficient production of this crop.
Climate change trends and environmental impacts in the Makonde Communal Lands, Zimbabwe
Authors: Sango Ishumael , Godwell Nhamo
Published: July 2015

During the last century, climate has increasingly become variable and changeable, with significant deviations from the observed normal averages, which often leads to disruptive consequences to ecosystems and livelihoods. Climate change induced environmental challenges are viewed to be particularly severe to economically challenged tropical societies including the Zimbabwean rural communities. We sought to determine local level climate change trends and associated biophysical implications in the Makonde Communal Lands of Zimbabwe. Our findings suggest that there has been significant climate change in the Makonde Communal Lands since 1962. The climate change observed has induced the deterioration of ecosystem productivity, diversity and services, to the detriment of human livelihoods. We provide insights into how to better understand local level dynamics between climate change and local ecosystem goods and services as the basis of livelihood in marginalised rural communities. Among the key reasons for concern about impacts of anthropogenic activities on climate is the fact that changing climate has direct impacts on the biophysical world, which in turn is a vital asset for human livelihoods, economies and general well-being.
Directed genetic modification of African horse sickness virus by reverse genetics
Authors: Vermaak Elaine , Paterson Duncan J. , Conradie Andele , Theron Jacques
Published: July 2015

African horse sickness virus (AHSV), a member of the Orbivirus genus in the family Reoviridae, is an arthropod-transmitted pathogen that causes a devastating disease in horses with a mortality rate greater than 90%. Fundamental research on AHSV and the development of safe, efficacious vaccines could benefit greatly from an uncomplicated genetic modification method to generate recombinant AHSV. We demonstrate that infectious AHSV can be recovered by transfection of permissive mammalian cells with transcripts derived in vitro from purified AHSV core particles. These findings were expanded to establish a genetic modification system for AHSV that is based on transfection of the cells with a mixture of purified core transcripts and a synthetic T7 transcript. This approach was applied successfully to recover a directed cross-serotype reassortant AHSV and to introduce a marker sequence into the viral genome. The ability to manipulate the AHSV genome and engineer specific mutants will increase understanding of AHSV replication and pathogenicity, as well as provide a tool for generating designer vaccine strains.
Relationships between student throughput variables and properties
Authors: Stoop Lucas C.A.
Published: July 2015

Many different models have been designed to describe the plethora of factors that influence student throughput and success and how these factors affect throughput system variables and properties. System variables include headcounts (H) and successful credits (S) of throughput systems; some examples of system properties are the percentage of the new student intake graduating annually, and the average number of years to graduate or to drop out of a degree. However, no past study has defined the analytical relationships between these variables and properties from a process perspective – which was the purpose of this study. Three simple analytical equations were derived for 4-year degrees, and then geometrically interpreted. The behaviour of a simplified throughput system can be described by the position of a point in the admissible region of the H-S plane, with each point relating to a specific set of system properties. The successful credits ratio (S/H) is shown to be the ideal process efficiency ratio for throughput systems. The results were also extended to degrees of shorter duration. The behaviour of real throughput systems is broadly found to be similar to the behaviour of simplified throughput systems. In this study, only the mathematical foundations for the general relationships between throughput properties and throughput variables for a degree were established. The way in which this mathematical basis finds application in practice is illustrated for a few selected cases only, because of the specific focus of this paper.
Using satellite data to identify and track intense thunderstorms in South and southern Africa
Authors: De Coning Estelle , Gijben Morne , Maseko Bathobile , Van Hemert Louis
Published: July 2015

To issue warnings of thunderstorms, which have the potential for severe weather elements such as heavy rainfall and hail, is a task of all weather services. In data sparse regions, where there is no or limited access to expensive observation systems, satellite data can provide very useful information for this purpose. The Nowcasting Satellite Application Facility in Europe developed software to identify and track rapidly developing thunderstorms (RDT) using data from the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation satellite. The software was installed in South Africa and tested over the South African as well as the southern African domain. The RDT product was validated by means of 20 case studies. Over the South African region, validation was done by means of visual comparison to radar images as well as in a quantitative manner against the occurrence of lightning. Visual comparisons between the RDT product and images from satellite data as well as the occurrence of heavier rainfall were done over areas outside South Africa. Good correlations were found between the identified storms and the occurrence of lightning over South Africa. Visual comparisons indicated that the RDT software can be useful over the southern African domain, where lightning and radar data are not available. Very encouraging results were obtained in the 20 case studies. The RDT software can be a valuable tool for general and aviation forecasters to warn the public of pending severe weather, especially in areas where other data sources are absent or not adequate.
Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing increases the efficacy of homologous-dependent repair of donor sequences in mammalian cells
Authors: Fok Ezio T. , Penny Clement B. , Mhlanga Musa M. , Weinberg Marc S.
Published: July 2015

Efficient and robust genome editing tools and strategies allow for specific and exact genetic changes to be captured in model systems, thereby accelerating both forward and reverse genetics studies. The development of CRISPR/Cas9 as a facile designer nuclease toolset has allowed for defined genetic modifications to be efficiently made through homology-directed repair of targeted DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) using exogenous repair templates. However, traditional single DSB strategies are still relatively inefficient as the short gene conversion tracts of mammalian cell systems limit the extent of achievable gene alteration from the DSB site. In order to improve on the inefficiency, we devised a dual cut strategy, which relies on reconstituting entire deleted gene fragments to precisely modify extensive gene regions of interest. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we were able to introduce targeted deletions and repair of the endogenous KRAS gene locus in cell culture. The use of two simultaneous DSBs can be employed for efficient application of homology-directed repair with a large dsDNA donor sequence, thereby improving the efficacy of deriving cells with a desired gene editing outcome. In conclusion, a multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 editing strategy represents an efficient tool for the editing of complex, heterologous sequence tracts.
Eight Domains of Pet-Owner Wellness: Valuing the Owner-Pet Relationship in the Counseling Process
Authors: Chandler Cynthia K. , Fernando Delini M. , Barrio Minton Casey A. , Portrie-Bethke Torey L.
Published: July 2015

The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of pet ownership in order to identify domains of pet-owner wellness and to inform counselors of the value of exploring the owner-pet relationship with clients. A qualitative study was conducted using open-ended, semi-structured interviews. A consensual qualitative research approach was taken to analyze the data. Findings were organized into eight domains of pet-owner wellness impact: emotional and physical nurturance, sense of family, sense of responsibility and purpose, friendship or companionship, social interaction and connections, personal values and spiritual meaning, fun and play, and physical health. Although participants tended to discuss most pet-ownership impacts positively, some also cited negative impacts. Given the number of wellness areas that pet ownership can impact, counselors are encouraged to explore owner-pet relationships in the counseling process.
El aparato cultural del imperio. C. Wright Mills, la Revolución Cubana y la Nueva Izquierda
Authors: Rojas Rafael
Published: July 2015

Este ensayo intenta reconstruir el debate que suscitó el libro Listen, Yankee (1960), del sociólogo norteamericano C. Wright Mills, en la opinión pública de Estados Unidos. Elprofesor de la Universidad de Columbia fue uno de los primeros intelectuales en viajar a la isla, luego del triunfo de la Revolución Cubana, y en interesarse en esa experienciade cambio social. La solidaridad de Wright Mills no era, sin embargo, acrítica con ciertos elementos autoritarios que observaba en el socialismo cubano y estaba fundamentalmente dirigida a defender una política comprensiva y respetuosa hacia el nacionalismo revolucionario del Caribe desde Estados Unidos. Esa política y esa crítica, defendidas por Wright Mills en el contexto de la Guerra Fría, formaron parte del repertorio de valores yprácticas que él mismo identifico con el concepto de “Nueva Izquierda”.
México, ¿Hacia la consolidación de un modelo de igualdad de oportunidades para una sociedad fragmentada?
Authors: Vite Pérez Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2015

Este ensayo tiene como propósito la construcción de explicaciones acerca de los fundamentos de la asistencia social estatal dirigida a la atención de una parte de los grupossociales vulnerables, en un contexto de crisis del modelo de la igualdad de posiciones y su sustitución por el modelo de la igualdad de oportunidades, donde lo más importanteson los méritos individuales. Esto permite estudiar el asistencialismo estatal mexicano y su impacto en la reproducción de una sociedad fragmentada, que se caracteriza por laexistencia de situaciones de excepción y vulnerabilidad.
Determinación de la competitividad en países de América Latina: aplicación de un nuevo método
Authors: Daza Aramayo Lourdes Gabriela
Published: July 2015

En este trabajo se calculó un índice de competitividad para diecisiete países de América Latina que denota la posición de cada uno de ellos, considerando la comparación de ocho indicadores en cuatro dimensiones y el peso de las mismas durante los años 1999- 2010. Sobre la base de la secuencia y el valor de estos indicadores se calcula el índice de competitividad de estos países. Compartimos la idea de que otros índices de competitividad calculados en el mundo son demasiado complicados y no cubren todos los países. En este trabajo calculamos un índice de competitividad y tratamos de demostrar que es posible encontrar otros métodos más sencillos para hacerlo.
Análisis macroeconómico de los efectos de la liberalización financiera y comercial sobre el crecimiento económico de México, 1988-2011
Authors: Martínez Francisco , Quintana Luis , Valencia Rafael
Published: July 2015

Este artículo analiza cuáles han sido los principales obstáculos para el crecimiento económico de México durante los últimos veinticinco años, con particular énfasis en el periodo posterior a la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (tlcan). Si bien la política económica mexicana desde 1982 se ha guiado por una serie de suposiciones y disposiciones conocidas como el Consenso de Washington, estas políticas en lugar de estimular un mayor dinamismo de la economía mexicana han acentuado sus problemas estructurales y reducido el potencial de crecimiento del país. También se analiza cómo las políticas fiscal, monetaria, cambiaria y de libre comercio han obstaculizado el crecimiento económico.
The radiological situation around the former uranium processing plant MAPE Mydlovary, Czech Republic
Authors: Havrankova Renata , Havranek Jiri , Kankovsky Josef , Repa Libor , Zolzer Friedo
Published: July 2015

The uranium processing plant MAPE Mydlovary in South Bohemia, Czech Republic,
was in operation for about 30 years, from 1962 until 1991. Extensive
remediation and reclamation work has been done in the area. In the study
presented here we measured mass and volume activities of certain
radionuclides in soil and water samples from the surroundings and measured
gamma equivalent dose rates at the same locations. The average activity
concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 238U in soil were 307.3 ? 4.4 Bq/kg, 133.4
? 0.8 Bq/kg, and 113.2 ?3.8 Bq/kg, respectively, whereas in water they were
5.7 ? 0.3 Bq/L, 0.30 ? 0.03 Bq/L, and 1.8 ? 0.16 Bq/L, respectively. The
gamma equivalent dose rate at 5 cm and 1 m height above ground was 0.15 ? ?
0.04 ?Sv/h and 0.15 ? 0.03 ?Sv/h, respectively. As shown by comparison with
the findings for similar sites elsewhere in the world, as well as with the
results of measurements at uncontaminated locations, these values are
compatible with regulation limits and there is no reason for concern
regarding the radiation protection for workers involved with further
remediation and reclamation, or carrying out other activities in the area.
Measurement of waterborne radon in the drinking water of the Dera Ismail Khan city using active and passive techniques
Authors: Nasir Tabassum , Matiullah M , Rafique Muhammad , Tahseen Rubeena
Published: July 2015

Groundwater is considered to be the second largest contributor to the indoor
radon concentration after soil. Therefore, measurement of waterborne radon
has remained a point of interest for many researchers. The main objective of
this study is to study waterborne radon activity in the city of Dera Ismail
Khan. In this context, water samples were collected from different locations
of the city and waterborne radon was measured using a pylon vacuum water
degassing system and CR-39 based radon detectors. The pylon system measured
waterborne radon activities in samples of hand pumps and motor driven pumps
varying from 0.015 to 0.066 Bq/L and 0.021 to 0.145 Bq/L with average values
of 0.041 ? 0.015 Bq/L and 0.076 ? 0.024 Bq/L, respectively. Whereas CR-39
based measured values ranged from 0.042 to 0.125 Bq/L and 0.075 to 0.158 Bq/L
with average values of 0.081 ? 0.021 Bq/L and 0.120 ? 0.020 Bq/L,
respectively. The estimated average annual effective dose due to ingestion of
radon from drinking water using pylon and CR-39 based radon detectors for
hand and motor pump samples was found to be 1.055?10-4 mSv and 1.947?10-4
mSv, and 2.067?10-4 mSv and 3.058?10-4 mSv, respectively. The waterborne
radon concentrations and as a result the annual effective dose expected to be
received from it are within the recommended safe limits.
Extended Life Span for Bearings and Expansion Joints
Authors: Wolff Georg M.
Published: July 2015

Many decades of experience, including analysis of actual damage, has led to improvement in the durability of bridge bearings and expansion joints. Basic recommendations are given using simple principles for the arrangement and the design type selection. New technologies for sliding elements to eliminate wear problems are described. Complementary advice for dimensioning, anchorage equipment, manufacture and installation ensure the highest performance level at acceptable costs. Links to applicable international standards and national regulations simplify the process.
Evaluation of the Effects of Transit of Subway Trains on Noise and Vibration Levels in the surrounding Buildings
Authors: Canetta Giovanni , Finzi Bruno
Published: July 2015

The increasing use of urban subsoil for public facilities, like underground railways and roads, and the consequent emission of noise and vibrations in soil, rises a problem both for new buildings to be erected nearby, and for the existing ones, which need protection from vibrations, in order to preserve comfort for residents. Therefore, the evaluation of the effects of train and road traffic on ground-borne noise and the propagation of vibrations through soil and foundation structures, up to residential stories, becomes a strategic issue to avoid complains from final customers and eventually impairing commercial appeal and value of the building.

Special–purpose software to be applied for this kind of problems must account for continuum modelization for soil, truss/beam elements for the structures, a dynamic time-domain approach, a realistic damping modelization in soil, energy dissipation at artificial boundaries, and user interface suitable to assign input and retrieve output as vibration power-spectra or accelerograms at any location in soil and in the building.

Currently available state-of-the-art software is applied as described in this paper to a case history in Milan, in order to demonstrate, the possibility of evaluating the ground-borne noise and vibrations generated by a subway train in an old cut-and-cover tunnel, and their effects on the buried stories of a new building (parking lot) to be erected very close to the tunnel.

The proposed approach allows for the determination of the vibration spectra at the base of the columns of the above-grade residential building, as an input for the design of dumpers to be possibly applied at the basis of the columns; the output from this analysis can be directly used as input (base motion spectra) to an elastic FEM model of the building, for a conventional forced- vibration modal analysis, in order to assess the level of expected noise due to the traffic of subway trains at any location.
Reinforcement and Infrastructures Rehabilitation of the Steel Mix International Bridge over the Minho River at Valença, Portugal
Authors: Gulmarães Miguel , Teixeira Alberto
Published: July 2015

This text addresses some of the major aspects for the reinforcement and rehabilitation of the infrastructures of the international bridge over the Minho River at Valença, Portugal, a steel lattice girder box for road and railway service, with granite masonry columns and abutments.
Reconstruction of more than 100 years old bridges
Authors: Nagy Zsolt , Horváth Adrián , Rácz Balázs
Published: July 2015

There is a need to save the monument bridges still in use, representing significant technical value and to keep the original structural elements even in the case of road bridges carrying also trams, since tram loading governs compared to road traffic, and these loadings can often be assessed for the past. Also the total weight of vehicles moving in the future can be restricted. These structures can be preserved for the next generations by replacing deck supporting elements, retaining structural elements playing a key role in appearance (main girders, cross-girders), and constructing a new deck with favourable dynamic characteristics.
A Markov Model to Determine Optimal Intervention Strategies for Multiple Objects Affected by Uncorrelated Manifest and Latent Processes
Authors: Lethanh Nam , Adey Bryan T. , Fernando Dilum N.
Published: July 2015

In many cases under regular inspection strategies, a sudden failure of the ability of infrastructure to provide an adequate level of service may occur due to processes, such as those associated with natural hazards, e.g. scouring during a flood, earth movements during an earthquake. In order to evaluate intervention strategies for infrastructure that is affected by such latent processes it is necessary to include the probability of having this inadequate level of service. This paper presents a Markov model that can be used to determine optimal intervention strategies for multiple objects affected by uncorrelated manifest and latent processes. The use of the model is demonstrated using a road link comprised of a road and a bridge.
Seismic Performance of Japanese Traditional Timber Temple Kencho-ji
Authors: Fujita Kaori , Shin Eunmi , Chiba Kazuki
Published: July 2015

This paper introduces the recent attempts to clarify the seismic behaviour of traditional timber architecture. The subject of the research is a timber temple, Kencho-ji, in Japan, designated as important cultural property. There are two main halls in the Kencho-ji temple, and one of them collapsed while the other slightly inclined by the 1923 Kanto Earthquake. The two main halls have similar structures, and stand next to each other. The reason for the difference in the damage is investigated through on-sight measurement, micro tremor test, earthquake monitoring, and structural analysis. As there is very few information concerning the hidden detail of the joints, the paper introduces the result of the X-ray test on the joints and structural analysis based on the result.
How to Build Rationally and Beautifully - System and Detail of Hybrid Spatial Structures
Authors: Saitoh Masao
Published: July 2015

From the View point of the theme "Elegance in Structure", not only the structural system but both the detail and constructional method should be focused. Hybrid tension spatial structures which has been designed by the author and experienced construction will be descrived.
5 Bridges
Authors: Kim Woo-Jong
Published: July 2015

5 bridges are introduced in this paper. Each bridge was designed recently and focused on 'Best values' rather than 'Cost-effective'. The features of the 5 bridges are the followings: a none-conventional construction, a new structural system, a new structural shape, an aesthetic bridge lines and finding images from traditional cultures. I hope the used solutions for these features could offer more simple and elegant feelings to engineers.
IZMIT Bay Suspension Bridge, Erection of Cable
Authors: Kishi Ryouichi , Doi Kazuma , Funaki Masashi , Yamane Mitsuhiro , Kudo Mitsuhiro , Takisawa Yukiaki
Published: July 2015

The construction of the Izmit Bay Suspension Bridge has started in January 2013 to be completed early 2016. The pre-fabricated parallel wire strands (PPWS) which consist of the main cable are pulled from the north anchorage to the south anchorage by looped hauling system on the catwalk and placed on cable saddles. The lower cable clamp connecting the hanger rope and upper cable clamp are delivered to the proper position by the carriage using the tramway system or main cable simultaneously and installed before deck construction to be started on the middle of June, 2015.
Development of Accurate Small Vibrator and Wireless Accelerometers
Authors: Okumura Takafumi , Ohtani Takahiro , Tsukahara Mika , Saeki Masayuki
Published: July 2015

The authors have been developing a vibration based structural sensing system with the accurate small vibrator and wireless accelerometers. In this study, we investigate the effects of various systematic errors of the proposed system on the estimation of vibration characteristics. Sampling delay time of wireless accelerometers is measured and the averaged delay time and the standard deviations are estimated. The correction method of initial phase error of the accurate small vibrator is presented. We also conduct a laboratory scale vibration test using a two-meter steel beam. The mode shape is accurately estimated using the proposed system.
Conceptual Design and Technical Response to a Tea-leaf Shaped Pylon of the 2nd Daxing Cable Stayed Bridge in Ya'an
Authors: Liwen Deng , Wei He
Published: July 2015

The 2nd Daxing Bridge in Ya'an, a concrete single tower cable-stayed bridge designed to be a landmark for the city, shows a special aesthetic design of the pylon which broke with the traditional tower forms of cable-stayed bridge. Taking local cultural symbol-tea and Ya Fish as the sources of inspiration, it uses separate double tower columns in the longitudinal which connected by transverse beams to form the tower as a whole spindle shape and the asymmetric arrangement of the tower columns demonstrates China's unique ideology - Yin and Yang. The tea-leaf shaped tower form brings many challenges and particular issues of technical design. In order to achieve its unique aesthetic effect, the factors from artistic perspective which influence the pylon have been analysed with finite element analysis method. Through the comparison of schemes and calculation, steel box girder scheme is suggested to the design and some structural solutions are proposed.
Friction Damper in Steel Coupling Beams for Enhanced Seismic Resilience of High-rise Buildings
Authors: Qu Zhe , Ji Xiaodong , Wang Yandong , Shi Xiao , Xie Jinzhen
Published: July 2015

A friction damper is proposed and tested for the use in steel coupling beams in high-rise buildings. Multiple brake pad-to-steel interfaces are jacketed by disc springs and high-strength bolts to yield stable frictional resistance. Damage is only likely to take place on the brake pad-to-steel friction interface. One can easily disassemble the damper and remove the brake pads by loosening the bolts, either for damage inspection or for replacement when necessary. Cyclic loading tests on steel coupling beams with the proposed friction damper were conducted to show the reliable frictional behavior of the chosen material. The inherent high initial stiffness of the friction interface and the well-defined frictional force without much over-strength make it possible to mimic the stiffness and yield strength of conventional RC or steel coupling beam counterparts, but with superior energy dissipating capacity and less variability of the strength demand for adjacent elements and joints.
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma—an update
Authors: Chi Angela C. , Day Terry A. , Neville Brad W.
Published: July 2015

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC‐SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer). Recent trends have shown a dramatic rise in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP‐SCC), with a marked increase in lesions related to human papillomavirus infection. This update presents the latest evidence regarding OC‐SCC and OP‐SCC. In particular, the authors compare and contrast tumors at these two sites with respect to epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinicopathologic presentation, clinical assessment, imaging, management, and prognosis. It is important for clinicians to be aware of differences between OC‐SCC and OP‐SCC so that appropriate patient education and multidisciplinary care can be provided to optimize outcomes. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:401–421. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The Role of Inflammation in Mediating Risk for Medical Disorders in Depressed Patients
Authors: Currier M. Beatriz
Published: July 2015

Depression, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are highly comorbid and prevalent medical conditions that account for leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and interplay of these conditions. Notably, chronic depression is an independent risk factor for incident cancer and cardiovascular disease, and is associated with disease progression and increased mortality. Successful depression treatment is associated independently with normalization of systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels and improved medical outcome. This article highlights the studies that identify depression as an independent risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease, and discusses the inflammatory-mediated biological mechanisms by which depression is hypothesized to influence the progression and outcome of these medical conditions. Research regarding the efficacy and impact of depression treatment on the medical outcome are also discussed.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(5):249–254.]
Paisaje, esclavitud y medio ambiente en la economía cafetalera brasileña: Vale do Paraiba, Siglo XIX
Authors: Marquese Rafael
Published: July 2015

El artículo analiza las estrategias de administración del paisaje y del trabajo adoptadas en las plantaciones esclavistas del Valle de Paraíba a lo largo del siglo XIX. Sostiene que la presencia masiva de la población africana esclavizada, en un contexto local y global muy turbulento, marcado por la competencia entre los diferentes productores mundiales para el control de este artículo y por la intensificación de la resistencia esclava, condujo a la adopción, por los propietarios esclavistas, de las formas de administración del paisaje en sus haciendas que buscaron restringir la autonomía de los esclavos en el proceso de trabajo y, al mismo tiempo, explotar al máximo su capacidad de trabajo. El resultado de estas formas de administración del paisaje y del trabajo fue un proceso de devastación ambiental sin precedentes. En el momento de la crisis de la esclavitud en la década de 1880, estos patrones históricos se volvieron contra los propios esclavistas, que sin embargo lograron mantener el dominio sobre la tierra por medio de una reconfiguración específica de las formas de explotación agraria.
El periodismo médico en la periferia española durante el primer tercio del siglo XX: Aproximación a la biografía y obra de José Sánchez Pozuelos (Murcia, c. 1885 - 1936)
Authors: López González José , Sáez Gómez José Miguel
Published: July 2015

Se estudia la trayectoria biográfica y la contribución de José Sánchez Pozuelos (Murcia, c. 1885-1936) al periodismo médico español del primer tercio del siglo XX, una época que en Murcia, como en el resto de España, fue un período de resurgir cultural y científico manifestado, entre otras cosas, por la edición de numerosas revistas médicas que pretendieron difundir entre los profesionales la producción científica más relevante, nacional y extranjera. En ese marco el médico José Sánchez Pozuelos, perteneciente a la burguesía murciana que detentaba el poder político local, e identificado con ideologías de carácter conservador y religioso, interesado al mismo tiempo por sacar del atraso a su tierra, fundó y dirigió Murcia Médica (1915-1918) y Estudios Médicos (1920, 1924-34), revistas que se convirtieron en la herramienta de difusión de la actividad de la Real Academia de Medicina de Murcia, pero también de otros profesionales españoles, y de los trabajos más relevantes procedentes de diversas publicaciones nacionales y extranjeras; Estudios Médicos llegó a ser además la revista médica nacional de mayor tirada. El ambiente de inestabilidad social que precedió a la sublevación militar de 1936 y el enfrentamiento bélico que le siguió truncaron el desarrollo de estas publicaciones y de los profesionales que las impulsaron.
La extensión del seguro de salud en Iberoamérica: una estrategia de política exterior del franquismo en la inmediata posguerra (1942-1959)
Authors: Vilar Rodríguez Margarita , Pons Pons Jerònia
Published: July 2015

La dictadura franquista por motivos de estrategia política intentó influir en materia de seguros sociales, en especial en la cobertura de la enfermedad, en los países iberoamericanos durante las décadas de 1940 y 1950. Los resultados de esta colaboración resultaron mediocres en la práctica y produjeron pocos avances reales, al margen de la imitación de las instituciones de gestión y algunos cursos de formación actuarial y estadística. Este fracaso se debió en gran medida al propio atraso y debilidad del modelo de cobertura sanitaria de la dictadura franquista ahogado por un déficit financiero crónico y con graves limitaciones tanto en la cobertura de la población como en las prestaciones ofrecidas. A partir de la década de 1960, una vez superada la etapa de aislamiento y autarquía, las autoridades franquistas redujeron su interés en la estrategia iberoamericana y comenzaron a mirar a Europa.
Anatomía de la monstruosidad: la figura del monstruo como objeto de la mirada médico-anatómica moderna
Authors: Fortanet Joaquin
Published: July 2015

Este texto plantea un análisis de la sustitución de la categoría médica de monstruo por la de hermafrodita. Para ello, se basa en el desarrollo de la anatomía humana en el siglo XVI y en el estudio de la relación fisiológica de los órganos del cuerpo a partir del XIX. Se supondrá como necesaria la investigación anatómica cartesiana y su reflexión sobre el cuerpo para poder abrir el camino a la mirada fisiológica sobre la vida como preludio de la medicina legal y social.
L‐ and CORNER‐arrays for 3D electric resistivity tomography: an alternative for geophysical surveys in urban zones
Authors: Tejero‐Andrade Andrés , Cifuentes Gerardo , Chávez René E. , López‐González Aideé E. , Delgado‐Solórzano Cecilia
Published: July 2015

Three‐dimensional electric resistivity tomography surveys carried out on heavily urbanized areas represent a cumbersome task since buildings, houses, or other types of obstacles do not allow parallel electric resistivity tomography lines to be deployed. This paper proposes applying any four‐electrode configuration to provide subsurface information in complex urban areas. Such a procedure allows acquiring information beneath a construction by simply surrounding the structure of interest by a series of electric resistivity tomography profiles. Apparent resistivity is obtained from ‘L’‐ and ‘Corner’‐shaped profiles, where alternations between current and potential electrodes are carried out in an automatic way. Four ‘L’‐arrays and four ‘Corner’‐arrays are employed in a square geometry that allows surrounding the studied target to cover the subsurface. The first mentioned array will provide deep information. The second array will cover more of the shallow subsurface information. For the ‘L‐’ and ‘Corner’‐arrays, a mixture of traditional arrays are employed, like the Wenner–Schlumberger, axial, equatorial, azimuthal, and perpendicular dipole arrays.

Two synthetic examples are presented to demonstrate the possibilities of the proposed electric arrays. A resistive cube set at the centre of a working cube is modelled. The ‘L‐’ and ‘Corner‐’ arrays are capable to detect such a model; however, dimensions are exaggerated. Later on, an extended wall model is dealt with. Similar results as in the first synthetic example are obtained in terms of geometry and resistivity. However, depth to the top of the wall model is not adequately recovered in comparison with the traditional methodology.

Finally, the ‘L’‐ and ‘Corner’‐arrays are applied in an archaeological site named El Pahñu, located in Central Mexico. The new methodology described here is compared with the traditional 3D procedure employing a grid of electric resistivity tomography transects. As expected, the approach discussed in this investigation produced a reasonable solution towards the central portion of the working cube. However, shallow resistive anomalies (size about the electrode interval) were not fully detected, in comparison to a traditional 3D survey, where parallel lines forming a grid could be deployed. The reason is that no electrodes were set towards the central portions of the structure under study. However, the L‐ and Corner‐arrays are more sensitive to anomalies produced by deeper objects, which cannot be observed in the traditional method, especially when objects are located in between the electric resistivity tomography transects.
Conceptual Framework of Bidding Strategy in Order to Improve Construction Project Performance
Authors: Astana I. Nyoman Yudha , Rusdi H.A. , Wibowo Mohamad Agung
Published: July 2015

Globalization makes the competition ofconstruction is increasingly tight. The competitors faced not only in the regional district/city, province, but increasingly widespread, even cross the country worldwide. Bidding strategy is an important factor that improves competitiveness. It defines as a management skills of using all available resources both physical and financial, in order to offer a comprehensive and competitive bidding. The bidders usually considervarious aspects, including internal, external and environment, with aim to win the bidding competition, and provide maximum project performance.The literature review method is used to create ideas, and synthesize the relatedresearches which have been done previously.This paperaimstodevelop aframeworkthatcanbe usedforevaluationin the early stagesof project selection, basedon theriview of variousliteraturerelated tobidding strategiesandproject performance. The result from the literature riviewconcerning are presented, and a conceptual framework of bidding strategy model is developed.
Water Resources Management of Subak Irrigation System in Bali
Authors: Norken I. Nyoman , Suputra I. Ketut , Arsana I. Gusti Ngurah Kerta
Published: July 2015

s. Management of water for irrigation in Bali has been exist since the IX century, which is known as Subak. Subak is traditional irrigation system and it is closely associated with the principle of TriHitaKarana. The elements and facilities of subak include: irrigation networks, organizational structures and regulation. Distribution of water uses a comparison unit called ayahan. One unit of ayahan entitled to one tektek or one kecoran which is a unit of water flowing through the cross section of traditional spillway on a countinuous basis. If water availability is limited, then water supply is managed by rotation basis called pergiliran or nyorog system that based on different planting time. The principle of nyorog is the upstream section get water first (called ngulu), the midstream obtain water after the upstream had finished cultivating of soil (called maongin), and the downstream called ngasep. In rainy season, rice planting is simultaneously done in all area of subak, which is called kertamasa. Meanwhile in dry season called gadon, rice planting is scheduled by principles of nyorog or rotation. The arrangements of water resources and the settings of cropping pattern is stated in regulation (awig awig). Water distribution were managed ​​by the administrators of subak within the territory, or through an agreement between the territories’ administrators. The Sedahan and Sedahan Agung, whom in charge as subak’s adviser have very important role in the coordination on management and use of water. Recently they are facing uncertainty in existence, and causing lost of coordination in resolving various problems. In the future, the functioning of the Sedahan and Sedahan Agung is needed.
The Effect of Solidification on Acoustical of Tin Bronze 20Sn Alloy
Authors: Sugita I. Ketut Gede , Priambadi I. Gusti Ngurah
Published: July 2015

This study was designed to determine the effect of the solidification rate on the acoustic properties of the bronze alloy of 20% wt. Sn. Copper and commercially pure tin is melted in a furnace to a temperature 1000, 1100 and 12000C. The melted metal is poured into molds variation temperature of 200, 300 and 4000C. Materials castings were cut and machined for specimen damping capacity test.
The results showed that the reduction in mold temperature leads to an increase solidification rate, which causes the shortness of the solidification time. The variation of the solidification rate affects on the morphology of the microstructure and acoustical properties of the material. By increasing the solidification rate influence on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) decreases. It causes the material hardness increases and the damping capacity of material decreases. There is a significant correlation between the material hardness and the damping capacity of materials.
Development of Fiberglass Woven Roving Composite as an Alternative Material for the Hull of Fishing Boat
Authors: Winarto Winarto , Widiyono Eddy , Liza R. , Syamsul H.
Published: July 2015

This research has been carried out in order to analyse the possibility of fiberglass woven roving used as an alternative material for the hull of of fishing boat. The standard used in this analyzing process was the Standard of Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI), especially to find how the forces applied to the boat. Once the forces were found, they would be applied to justify the possibility mentioned above. The justification process was done by theoretically analyzing the mechanical properties of some fiberglass woven roving composites using mathematical software. The composites have been made by varying the mixture volume fraction between 0% - 100% within 10% interval, fiber orientation angle between 0o – 90o within 5o interval, and then the results which met the requirements according to BKI Standard would be justified by the results obtained from experimental analysis. Based on the experimental analysis results, it could be stated that the fiberglass woven roving with composition of 40% - 60% and fiber orientation angle 0o can be used as an alternative material for the hull of fishing boat.
Cement Bonded Sol-Gel TiO2 Powder Photocatalysis for Phenol Removal
Authors: Hafizah Nor , Sopyan Iis
Published: July 2015

Photocatalysis has been proven effective in controlling various environmental problems originated by pollutions both in liquid and gaseous phases. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is well known the most practical photocatalyst as it has high photocatalytic efficiency, low band gap energy, and no toxicity. Various chemical methods have been tried to produce TiO2 photocatalyst powder with high activity. In this study, sol-gel method has been employed to produce nanosized TiO2 photocatalyst particles and its physical properties and photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation test were compared with the commercial TiO2 powder, Degussa P25. The synthesis process was carried out through hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TPT) and methanol where the molar ratio of water to TPT was monitored to control the hydrolysis rate. From X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, the sol-gel TiO2 powder obtained was fully in anatase structure with high crystallinity. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) measurement showed that the powder was in nanoto sub-micron size, spherical in shape, and tightly agglomerated. Thermal analysis confirmed that sol-gel derived amorphous TiO2 powder transformed to anatase phase after 400°C calcination. The test on photocatalytic performance conducted using aqueous solution of phenol as the representative of water pollutant examined in this study showed that the sol-gel TiO2 powder is more efficient in degrading phenol compared to one of the most active photocatalysts commercially available, Degussa P25.
Review on Zn-Based Alloys as Potential Biodegradable Medical Devices Materials
Authors: Dambatta M.S. , Kurniawan Denni , Izman Sudin , Yahaya Bashir , Hermawan Hendra
Published: July 2015

For the past few decades, metallic materials that progressively degrade in physiological environment have been receiving attention with aim of finding appropriate biodegradable implant materials. This review focus mechanical and biocorrosion properties of Zn-based alloys that were recently investigated are summarized and discussed. In addition, the strategy for future fabrication to enhance the prospect of these alloys as metallic biodegradable materials is suggested.
The Structural Properties Assessment of Thin Hot Mixture Asphalt for Pavement Preservation
Authors: Setyawan Ary , Mustafa Elshawesh Abdul Hakim , As'ad Sholihin
Published: July 2015

Thin Hot Mixture Asphalt Concrete Overlays (THMACO’s) are comprised of a thin layer less than one inch hot mix asphalt concrete layer and a binder material/tack coat. The uses of thin layer are necessary to compromise with the environment issue especially to protect the natural resources and save the energy used during asphalt construction. THMACO’s can be used as preventative maintenance on pavement preservation or as a new surface on a pavementconstruction. This layeris usually regarded as non-structural layer at pavement design. However, this paper presents the structural assessment of this materials and their comparison to the conventional asphalt concrete mixtures. This research was conducted based on indirect tensile strength (ITS), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) of thin hot mixture asphalt. The results show that the thin hot mixture asphalt has performed slightly different on the Marshall and structural properties compare to conventional asphalt concrete.
Forces Analysis on a Spherical Shaped Delivery Valve of Hydram Pump
Authors: Suarda Made
Published: July 2015

Hydram pump has been found more than two centuries ago, and has been widely developed and operated to this day. However, constraints complaints by the people are easily damaged on its rubber of waste valve and delivery valve of the hydram pump. In addition, the reliability of the plate valve models is also awfully where its rubber of the valve is quickly worn or damaged. It has been reducing the interest of the community in utilizing hydram pumps. Moreover, there is no yet a comprehensive procedure in planning and making dimensions of hydram pump. Then, design of a spherical shaped delivery valve model on the hydram pump has been made ​​and tested. Considering that hydram pump is also called impulse pump which work due to the effects of water hammer, therefore, it need to know the forces that take place in the hydram pump. Then, from these forces can be calculated dimensions of hydram pump and its performance can be predicted. From the results of the study shows that dimensions and performance of the hydram pump is very close to the results of assessment that has been done. Finally, a procedure in planning a hydram pump has been recommended.