bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIREITO À CIDADE DIGITAL: PERSPECTIVAS SOB A ÓTICA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DE HERRERA FLORES
Authors: Leite Charon Mahrara de Araújo , Pereira Letícia Rodrigues , Scheffer Sandra Maria
Published: September 2024

Os direitos humanos e o direito à cidade possuem diversas aproximações, pois partilham das mesmas matrizes teóricas, sendo dotados de historicidade e lutas sociais em prol da dignidade humana. Pensar a efetivação de tais direitos com foco nas novas dinâmicas sociais, como as cidades digitais, é um grande desafio, já que perpassa pelo mundo digital, sendo relevante pensar quem possui o acesso a este, de que forma e com que qualidade. O artigo possui como objetivo compreender a cidade digital sob a lógica dos direitos humanos de Herrera Flores. A pesquisa possui natureza exploratória, utilizando-se da revisão bibliográfica por meio de autores como Herrera Flores, Manuel Eugenio Gandara Carballido, Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey e Denis Alcides Rezende e da pesquisa documental, com coleta de dados no IBGE e CETIC. Por meio deste trabalho compreendeu-se que elementos que compõem a cidade digital estratégica, o direito à cidade e os direitos humanos, encontram-se cerceados de uma parcela da população. Inferiu-se que a população de baixa renda é a que menos possui acesso à internet, seja pela falta de acesso aos equipamentos necessários ou pela falta de conhecimento, sendo necessárias lutas sociais para garantia dos meios para que a inclusão seja efetivada.
LINHAS DE CUIDADO EM ENFERMAGEM À GESTANTE COM PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA
Authors: Gomes Maria Cristina Santos , Marques Claudia Cristina Dias Granito
Published: September 2024

Introdução: a pré-eclâmpsia é uma condição grave que afeta gestantes, caracterizada por hipertensão arterial e presença de proteína na urina após a 20ª semana de gestação. O manejo adequado dessa complicação na atenção primária à saúde previne complicações graves para a mãe e o bebê. Nesse contexto, as linhas de cuidado em enfermagem têm papel na orientação e assistência às gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia. Objetivo: analisar a implementação e eficácia das linhas de cuidado em enfermagem destinadas a gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia, buscando compreender a realidade prática dessas abordagens no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: a pesquisa consistiu em uma pesquisa de campo envolvendo a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 enfermeiros que atuam na atenção primária em diferentes unidades de saúde do município de Teresópolis – RJ. As pesquisa foi conduzida com base em um questionário semiestruturado, abordando questões relacionadas à descrição da pré-eclâmpsia, identificação de desafios na implementação das linhas de cuidado e investigação do impacto dessas práticas na qualidade da assistência. Discussão: o resultado da pesquisa revelou uma variedade de abordagens na implementação das linhas de cuidado em enfermagem para gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia. Conclusão: ao analisar a implementação e eficácia das linhas de cuidado em enfermagem destinadas a gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia, foi revelado uma ação potente para gestão do cuidado de enfermeiras e enfermeiros a gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia na Atenção Primária à Saúde. As práticas implementadas demonstraram ter um impacto positivo na qualidade da assistência, especialmente no monitoramento da pressão arterial e na orientação das gestantes sobre sinais de alerta. Apesar dos desafios enfrentados, essas práticas demonstraram ser eficazes na promoção da saúde materna e fetal.
Reevaluating the Legal Status of Monosodium Glutamate Consumption: The Indonesian Ulema Council’s Fatwas and Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah
Authors: Syam Syafruddin , Permata Cahaya , Haris Rizki Muhammad , Matondang Maulidya Mora
Published: September 2024

This article examines the consistency of the MUI Fatwa regarding Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) from a Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah standpoint. The legal issue addressed in this research arises from the ongoing debate regarding the consumption of MSG. The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has issued a fatwa declaring that MSG consumption is permissible (halal), provided that it is produced from halal ingredients and is processed, packaged, marketed, distributed, and served in compliance with Islamic law. However, numerous studies have highlighted the adverse effects associated with MSG consumption. This research employs a normative-empirical approach to Islamic law. The primary normative data consists of the MUI fatwa concerning flavoring products, specifically monosodium glutamate, which contains amino acids, as well as various sources discussing Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah. The primary empirical data is derived from interviews with MUI board members regarding their perspectives on the relevant fatwa. Additionally, non-legal sources, including scientific literature on MSG, are utilized. Through this methodological approach, the research yielded several key findings. Although the MUI has declared MSG consumption as halal, individuals must still adhere to the safety guidelines established by the WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The MUI further advises against excessive or prolonged consumption of MSG due to its harmful effects on one’s well-being, including the soul, mind, reproductive system, beliefs, and property, all of which Islamic law mandates to be safeguarded. Consequently, the research concludes that the MUI fatwa, along with the explanations provided by its members, aligns closely with the principles of Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah, as the prevention of harm takes precedence over the pursuit of benefits.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN TERHADAP LITERASI POLITIK PADA SISWA KELAS XII
Authors: Wahyudi Roza , , Supentri , Erlinda Sri
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kewarganegaraan terhadap literasi politik (political literate) pada siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan yakni menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 206 siswa yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil perhitungan dapat diketahui bahwa nilai R bernilai positif yaitu 0,370. Dari perhitungan tersebut, terdapat pengaruh yang Rendah antara variabel Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan terhadap Literasi Politik Siswa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa output diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,137 yang mengandung pengertian bahwa pengaruh variabel bebas (Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan) terhadap variabel terikat (Literasi Politik Siswa) adalah sebesar 13,7%, sedangkan 86,3% (100% - 13,7%) dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
KEMAMPUAN KOLABORASI PESERTA DIDIK TINGKAT SD DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PROJECT BASED LEARNING
Authors: Anggraini Annisa Putri , Pramasdyahsari Agnita Siska , Lita Agnes
Published: September 2024

Kolaborasi merupakan keterampilan penting abad ke-21 yang harus dikuasai oleh peserta didik untuk mempersiapkan mereka menghadapi tantangan global yang semakin kompleks. PjBL sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran yang menekankan pada pemecahan masalah nyata melalui proyek, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan kolaborasi ini dengan melibatkan peserta didik secara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data dari berbagai sumber pustaka yang relevan, termasuk artikel jurnal, buku, dan laporan penelitian terkait dengan penerapan PjBL dan kemampuan kolaborasi di tingkat SD. Fokus utama mengidentifikasi efek implementasi PjBL terhadap pengembangan kemampuan kolaborasi peserta didik, serta untuk memahami berbagai factor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas model ini dalam konteks pendidikan dasar. Hasil analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PjBL dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi peserta didik. PjBL memungkinkan peserta didik untuk bekerja dalam kelompok, berkomunikasi secara efektif, menyelesaikan masalah bersama, dan mengelola konflik dengan baik. Faktor-faktor dukungan institusi pendidikan, peran orang tua, dan sumber daya yang tersedia juga memengaruhi keberhasilan implementasi PjBL. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PjBL adalah pendekatan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi peserta didik di tingkat SD. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang bermanfaat bagi pengembangan strategi pembelajaran dan kebijakan pendidikan di masa depan.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BANGUN RUANG TERHADAP PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Qiftiyani Abda’u Ika , , Sukamto , Mintarsih Tatik , Kusumaningsih Widya
Published: September 2024

Kemampuan matematika, kemahiran dalam pemecahan masalah matematika dan komunikasi dianggap penting bagi semua pelajar mengingat tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh era kontemporer globalisasi dan informasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik kelas V dengan berbantuan media pembelajaran bangun ruang prisma dan tabung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif (PTKK). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Gayamsari 01, dengan jumlah peserta didik 21 anak, dengan 11 laki-laki dan 10 perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan 2 siklus yang dikemukakan oleh Kemmis & Mc. Taggart. Kriteria keberhasilan adalah apabila dari 80% dari jumlah peserta didik yang telah mencapai batas dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran bangun ruang prisma dan tabung dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Gayamsari 01 dalam kategori baik.
KEANEKARAGAMAN PEMAHAMAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMENUHAN CAPAIAN KURIKULUM SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hidayah Annisak Miftakhul , , Sukamto , Mintarsih Tatik
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan kenekaragaman dan upaya dalam menghadapi keberagaman peserta didik serta sejauh mana pencapaian target kurikulum dapat terwujud melalui pendekatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Gayamsari 01 dengan subjek kelas 2 yang berjumlah 25 dengan 14 perempuan dan 11 laki-laki. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung selama penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah menurut Milles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data dan divalidasi menggunakan triangulasi teknik, yaitu membandingkan data yang didapatkan dalam proses penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Keanekaragaman peserta didik kelas 2 meliputi gaya belajar belajar yang berbeda-beda diantaranya audio, visual, audio-visual, dan kinestetik. Selain gaya belajar, jenis kelamin, peserta didik memliki latar belakang keluarga yang berbeda, dilihat dari pekerjaan orang tua. Guru kelas 2 memfasilitasi keanekaragaman peserta didik dengan melaksankan P5 sebagai upaya pemenuhan target kurikulum merdeka. Selain itu, implementasi pembelajaran di kelas mengintegrasikan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang meliputi konten, produk, dan lingkungan belajar.
DAMPAK MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS
Authors: Agita Nasiqoh Zuhroh , , Kartinah , Wuryandini Endang , Prihanti Yuni
Published: September 2024

Matematika berfungsi mengkomunikasikan pikiran siswa tentang ide dengan jelas, tepat, dan ringkas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan perbedaan model Problem Based Learning berbantuan media gambar terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik kelas 1 SDN Mlatiharjo 01. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif Pre-Experimental Design jenis One-group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas I SDN Mlatiharjo 01 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2023/2024 yang berjumlah 26 peserta didik. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik samping jenuh yaitu teknik penentuan sampel jika seluruh populasi digunaan sebagai sampel. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji paired sampe t-test dan uji N-gain. Berdasakan hasil penelitian didapatkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbantuan media gambar berperbedaan positif terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik diperoleh dari uji paired sampel t test dengan Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan memiliki efektivitas dalam kategori sedang diperoleh dari uji N-gain dengan perolehan skor mean atau rata-rata sebesar 0,36.
ANALISIS FAKTOR KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA SMPN 2 PAINAN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Ramadhan Putri , Rahayu Sri , Wijaya Wibi
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh siswa yang mengalami masalah kenakalan yang menjadi faktor penyebab kenakalan siswa. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tipe deskriptif, yaitu suatu bentuk penelitian yang paling dasar, ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan fenomena-fenomena yang ada, baik fenomena yang bersifat alamiah maupun rekayasa manusia. Hasil penelitian Faktor Penyebab Siswa Mengalami Kesulitan Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS di SMPN 2 Painan Pesisr Selatan terdapat 2 hasil penelitian yaitu faktor internal diantaranya Karena sakit, Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) dan Gangguan kecemasan dan faktor eksternal diantaranya Proes belajar yang tidak menyanangkan, Keterbatasan sarana prasarana, Gangguan Teman sebaya dan Kondisi ekonmi orang tua.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS
Authors: Ramadhan Adella Fernanda Rizky , Saputro Bagus Ardi
Published: September 2024

Keberagaman individu di kalangan peserta didik menciptakan berbagai kebutuhan belajar yang unik, yang seringkali dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas proses pembelajaran jika tidak diatasi dengan pendekatan yang tepat. Dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan ini, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi muncul sebagai solusi strategis yang dapat membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) di kelas VB SDN Palebon 01 Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dengan guru dan peserta didik, serta analisis dokumentasi, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik triangulasi untuk memastikan validitas dan keandalan hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi di kelas VB dilakukan secara efektif dan menghasilkan dampak positif. Proses pembelajaran dimulai dengan tes diagnostik yang dirancang untuk mengidentifikasi gaya belajar peserta didik, seperti visual, auditori, dan kinestetik. Berdasarkan hasil tes diagnostik ini, guru merancang dan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran yang menyesuaikan konten, proses, dan produk pembelajaran dengan kebutuhan individu peserta didik. Guru berupaya untuk menjelaskan pentingnya pendekatan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, menekankan bahwa metode ini dirancang untuk memenuhi berbagai minat, profil, dan gaya belajar, sehingga setiap peserta didik dapat belajar secara lebih efektif. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan strategi pembelajaran yang adaptif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belajar yang beragam, serta menyoroti dampak positif dari pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan efektivitas proses pembelajaran di kelas.
Pemenuhan Nafkah Suami Narapaidana Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kota Palu
Authors: Muhaimin Alif , Marzuki Marzuki , M.Taufan
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini berkaitan dengan Pemenuhan Nafkah Suami Yang Berstatus Nrapidana Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Palu. Maka tujuan dari penelitian yaitu (1) Untuk mengetahui upaya pemenuhan nafkah suami berstatus narapidana ketika di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Palu. (2) Untuk mengetahui pemenuhan nafkah suami yang berstatus narapidana perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Palu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tekinik analisis data yang peneliti gunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian : (1) Kewajiban nafkah suami berstatus narapidana, pertama, terlaksana, kurang terlakasana, dan tidak terlaksana.
Optimalisasi Peran Wakaf Produktif Dalam Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kota Palu
Authors: Khairunnisa  , Nurdin Nurdin , Malkan Malkan
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini membahas optimalisasi peran wakaf produktif di Kota Palu dan faktor penghambat optimalisasi peran wakaf produktif terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Kota Palu. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yang bersifat kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu dengan cara mengamati langsung di Badan Wakaf Indonesia Kota Palu, selanjutnya dengan melakukan wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai pendukung guna melengkapi informasi penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dari yang umum ke khusus. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa olptimalisasi pelran wakaf prolduktif di Kolta Palu dilakukan delngan belrbagai cara untuk melnyeljahtelrakan masyarakat, yaitu solsialisasi yang tiada helnti, kelgiatan telrselbut selngaja dilakukan untuk melndolrolng adanya wakif (pelwakaf) baru. Molbilisasi aselt delngan melncari cara agar aselt-aselt umum dapat di kolnvelrsi melnjadi aselt wakaf. Badan Wakaf Indolnelsia folkus melningkatkan kapasitas pelnelrima harta belnda wakaf (nazir). Melrelka akan dilatih dan dibina ollelh Badan Wakaf Indolnelsia agar mampu melngellolla harta belnda wakaf yang tellah dibelrikan. Kedua, wakaf prolduktif di Kolta Palu sellama ini bellum belrjalan olptimal, kolndisi telrselbut dikarelnakan adanya belbelrapa faktolr pelnyelbab, yaitu masalah pelmahaman masyarakat telntang tata cara wakaf, pelngellollaan dan manajelmeln wakaf, belnda yang diwakafkan, nazir wakaf dan anggaran dana untuk pelndaftaran selrtifikat tanah.
General, high-tech, and mid-tech regional trade introversion indexes as measures of trade integration within RTAs
Authors: Czarny Elżbieta , Folfas Paweł , Szarek-Piaskowska Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we analyze the regional trade introversion indexes (RTIIs) for regional trading arrangements (RTAs)with various numbers of differently developed participants and different depths of economic integration. The analyszed RTAs stem from all inhabited continents. We compare three types of indexes: (1) the general RTII calculated for trade in all goods (“general RTII”), (2) its modification called “high-tech RTII,” including exclusively high technology manufactures, and (3) “med-tech RTII,” including goods classified as medium technology manufactures. The aim of the article is to answer the research question whether “high-tech RTIIs” and “med-tech RTIIs” are higher than “general RTIIs.” Our study does not provide a simple and unequivocal answer to the research question, but we do confirm that in general the regional trade introversion measured by RTIIs is stronger for medium technology manufactures than for all goods, while for high technology manufactures the picture is more complicated.
Educación emprendedora como posibilidad de emancipación y reducción de desigualdades
Authors: Jose Gutierrez Sivira Frank , Novaes Daniel
Published: September 2024

Este artículo debate el emprendimiento como posibilidad de emancipación y reducción de desigualdades a través de la educación. Se trata de un texto crítico-reflexivo fruto de una investigación bibliográfica analizada en diálogo con el marco histórico-crítico sobre el alcance del emprendimiento en poblaciones vulnerables y estados de pobreza. Las discusiones plantean cinco puntos: 1. el emprendimiento social puede contribuir a la articulación de un proceso emancipatorio; 2. existen diferentes perspectivas sobre el emprendimiento y su papel en la transformación social; 3. se entiende que el emprendimiento emancipatorio se basa en ofrecer una educación para la liberación; 4. los organismos financiadores no creen que los sectores más pobres puedan devolver los préstamos y; 5. las universidades deben enfatizar la promoción de una educación emprendedora-emancipadora.
Palabras-clave: Educación emancipadora. Teoría histórico-crítico. Desigualdades. Subjetividad.
A reforma agrária brasileira na visão de pesquisador italiano: contribuições para entendimento da questão agrária no Brasil
Authors: Baiardi Amilcar , Freire Mello Paulo
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo pretende destacar a contribuição de pesquisador estrangeiro para entendimento do processo de reforma agrária no Brasil e dos seus resultados. Essa contribuição não é inédita e guarda semelhança com a assistência técnica oferecida aos colonos italianos que imigraram para o Brasil por engenheiros agrônomos-pesquisadores vinculados ao Istituto Agronomico Oltremare (IAO), ocorrida nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A contribuição recente consistiu na elaboração e na defesa de uma tese de láurea junto à Universidade de Bolonha, cujo tema é a “Questão Agrária no Brasil e a Análise da Produtividade das Áreas de reforma agrária”. A metodologia utilizada por este artigo contempla análise histórico comparativa das reflexões contidas na tese com as de autores brasileiros que abordam a natureza e o papel da reforma agrária na contemporaneidade, bem como a performance dos assentamentos em termos de produtividade. Fez também parte dos procedimentos metodológicos a visita ao acervo do IAO na Itália. Espera-se com o mesmo dar visibilidade à tese de Davide Erdas (2006) e contribuir com o perene debate sobre oportunidade e os resultados da reforma agrária.
Escravidão rural moderna e heranças de tempos perversos
Authors: Moraes de Mendonça Fernanda , Santos Nascimento Alessandra , Lima Santos Leandro de
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central a análise do trabalho escravo a partir de três vertentes: histórica, conceitual e políticas de enfrentamento. Além disso, o trabalho emprega a metodologia de abordagem qualitativa e fundamenta-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A primeira vertente procura articular a compreensão do fenômeno ao processo de formação e exploração da força de trabalho no campo, a partir de sua historicidade. Já a segunda vertente propõe uma reflexão acerca dos limites conceituais atribuídos ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo, à luz das variadas perspectivas teóricas. A terceira vertente busca compreender a atuação do Estado em relação à questão, contemplando a análise das políticas de combate ao trabalho escravo. Conclui-se que o trabalho escravo contemporâneo representa a máxima degradação das condições de trabalho, que se concretiza na superexploração da mão de obra sob coação, prejudicando também as relações humanas. Do mesmo modo, a escravidão contemporânea decorre de fatores inerentes à lógica capitalista, uma vez que emprega condutas exploratórias visando à ampliação de lucros. As condições de trabalho análogas à escravidão ainda permanecem atualmente em grande parte do mundo. Portanto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar a escravidão moderna na zona rural brasileira e expor uma visão realista das atuais condições de trabalho no Brasil.
Desapropriações Rurais: reflexões sobre estudos de casos e consequências financeiras à reforma agrária
Authors: Destefani Ferretti Kleber , Corcioli Graciella
Published: September 2024

As desapropriações rurais para reforma agrária vêm ocorrendo há décadas, desde a CF/88, entretanto, com diversos questionamentos acerca das desatualizações das normativas, assim como nos procedimentos processuais. O objetivo é demonstrar as implicações das normativas desatualizadas juntamente com as consequências financeiras provocadas. Além de evidenciar que o Erário perde com indenizações irregulares, decorrente de normativas ultrapassadas e judiciário desconexo das avaliações do INCRA. A metodologia aplicada foi organizada através do método dialético, por meio de discussões de pesquisas que realizaram levantamento das indenizações aos expropriados de terras nos estados da Bahia em 2007 e de Goiás em 2021, com levantamento das desapropriações realizadas em Goiás, a partir do julgamento da Medida Provisória n. 2.027-43 de 2000 até o ano de 2021. Conclui-se que há vários critérios que precisam urgentemente de melhorias, além de constatar que não há punição aos expropriados e estes são privilegiados com indenizações bem mais elevadas que os valores propostos pelo INCRA, que acabam se tornando um excelente investimento financeiro aos expropriados a disponibilização de terras para o Governo Federal
Estratégias para enfrentar a fome no acampamento Santa Helena, São Carlos-SP
Authors: Silva Helena de Freitas Rocha e , Aparecida Scopinho Rosemeire
Published: September 2024

A literatura tem mostrado que a fome no Brasil é estrutural e multifatorial, relacionada à pobreza, ao êxodo rural e à falta de acesso aos alimentos. Esses estudos fundamentaram as políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e nutricional dos anos 2000, as quais abarcavam a reforma agrária como uma das diretrizes para combater a fome. Baseadas nos conceitos segurança e soberania alimentar, entrevistamos nove trabalhadores do Assentamento Santa Helena para compreender as suas representações sobre fome e as estratégias para lidar com ela durante a ocupação. Entre as estratégias mais utilizadas encontramos as aplicações dos saberes tradicionais para produzir em condições adversas, o trabalho informal na cidade e no campo, o racionamento e a partilha de alimentos. Essas memórias têm sido ressignificadas pelos trabalhadores como um motivo para lutar pela permanência no território.
Agroecologia e alimentação saudável: um olhar sobre o papel das sementes em territórios de reforma agrária
Authors: Matheus Andreia Cristina , Gonçalves da Silva Vitor , Ferreira de Souza-Esquerdo Vanilde
Published: September 2024

A financeirização e o poder das grandes corporações transnacionais têm aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas, resultando, de forma crescente, no controle de todo o sistema alimentar. Este artigo refere-se ao estudo com famílias camponesas do Quilombo Campo Grande, localizado no estado de Minas Gerais e organizado pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – MST. O objetivo foi analisar as estratégias adotadas pelas famílias quanto às sementes e a sua relação com a produção de alimentos e agroecologia. Orientado pela pesquisa qualitativa, as técnicas de coleta de dados contaram com o processo teórico e o trabalho de campo. A pesquisa de campo foi constituída por observação participante, vivências e entrevista semiestruturada. Argumentamos que o controle sobre as sementes é estratégico para a promoção da agroecologia e têm possibilitado a produção de alimentos com base na diversificação produtiva e na estratégia alimentar e econômica das famílias, ampliando a capacidade de resistência e autonomia.
Apresentação
Authors: Botta Ferrante Vera Lúcia Silveira , Duval Henrique Carmona , Antonio Barone Luis , Aly Junior Osvaldo
Published: September 2024

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Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Penelitian Perubahan Iklim dan Kesehatan
Authors: Sari Putri Nilam
Published: September 2024

Kerentanan masalah kesehatan yang sensitif terhadap perubahan iklim semakin meningkat, akibat banyaknya aktifitas antropogenik yang menghasilkan gas rumah kaca. Analisis perkembangan publikasi diperlukan untuk menganalisis tren studi perubahan iklim dan kesehatan di dunia, tema-tema hangat yang sering dibahas, serta menemukan kesenjangan penelitian yang perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengeksplorasi dokumen bertema "kesehatan dan perubahan iklim" yang dipublikasikan pada artikel ilmiah terindeks Scopus dimana kegiatan pemetaan data bibliometrik  dianalisis menggunakan software VOSviewer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan publikasi yang signifikan mulai tahun 2000 pada artikel jurnal, dimana paling banyak dipublikasikan oleh peneliti di bidang ilmu lingkungan. Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya dan Tiongkok merupakan negara terbanyak yang mempublikasikan tema ini secara berturut-turut. Dari 33.169 artikel yang diekstrak dari database Scopus, terdapat lima kluster kata kunci yang paling relevan mewakili tema penelitian yaitu kesehatan masyarakat, variabel lingkungan, temperatur, cuaca serta risiko iklim. Semua kata kunci terkait kesehatan berhubungan dengan suhu dan kualitas udara, dimana tema yang paling banyak dibahas dalam dua tahun terakhir adalah epidemiologi, temperatur, risiko kesehatan dan anak. Di Indonesia, penelitian yang paling banyak dipublikasikan adalah DBD. Mengingat kesehatan adalah sektor yang sangat rentan akibat perubahan iklim, kondisi ini mengindikasikan perlunya studi yang lebih mendalam mengenai penyakit sensitif iklim lainnya. Untuk itu, sektor kesehatan dapat bekerjasama lintas sektoral dan lintas disiplin ilmu agar kajian yang dilakukan lebih komprehensif dan tepat sasaran untuk memitigasi risiko masalah kesehatan terkait iklim pada masa yang akan datang.
Analisis Faktor yang Memengaruhi Niat dan Perilaku Penggunaan ChatGPT pada Mahasiswa Menggunakan Model Utaut2 Termodifikasi
Authors: A'ini Farah Nur , Maghfiroh Intan Sartika Eris , Mursityo Yusi Tyroni
Published: September 2024

ChatGPT yang diluncurkan oleh OpenAI pada November 2022, mengalami peningkatan pengguna yang signifikan. Sebagai model generatif, ChatGPT memudahkan penghasilan teks berdasarkan input pengguna, menawarkan manfaat potensial bagi mahasiswa dalam kegiatan akademis. Namun, penggunaan ChatGPT dalam konteks pendidikan menimbulkan perbedaan pendapat terutama dalam pertimbangan akurasi dan etika. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai penerimaan ChatGPT oleh mahasiswa sebagai pemangku kepentingan yang mengadopsi ChatGPT dalam proses belajar mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi niat dan perilaku mahasiswa dalam memanfaatkan ChatGPT menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan berlandaskan pada model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). Model tersebut mengintegrasikan enam variabel untuk memprediksi niat dan perilaku pengguna, yaitu ekspektasi kinerja, ekspektasi usaha, pengaruh sosial, kondisi yang memfasilitasi, motivasi hedonis, dan kebiasaan. Sampel terdiri dari 116 orang terdiri dari mahasiswa S1 dan Diploma Universitas Brawijaya. Data dalam riset ini dianalisis menggunakan SEM-PLS. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan menjadi prediktor utama niat berperilaku ditunjukkan dengan nilai t-statistic yang lebih besar dibandingkan variabel lainnya, diikuti oleh motivasi hedonis dan kondisi yang memfasilitasi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh mahasiswa yang enggan menggunakan ChatGPT sebagai kebiasaan dengan menyoroti keterbatasan versi gratis ChatGPT serta dibutuhkannya pengetahuan untuk mendapatkan jawaban yang diinginkan. Namun, karakter ChatGPT sebagai chatbot yang interaktif dan menyenangkan menjadi motivasi mahasiswa dalam menjadikan ChatGPT sebagai teman diskusi. Selain itu, perilaku penggunaan ChatGPT positif memengaruhi niat berperilaku.
Autocuidado dos pés da pessoa com diabetes mellitus
Authors: Magalhães Fernanda Jorge , Nascimento Maria Railisse do , Monte Vanessa Silva de Castro , Menezes Luciana Catunda Gomes , Diógenes Léa Maria Moura Barroso , Mendonça Francisco Antônio da Cruz , Rolim Karla Maria Carneiro , Albuquerque Firmina Hermelinda Saldanha , Barroso Enailiek Layla Ferreira do Nascimento
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Identificar, nas evidências científicas, as estratégias/intervenções e as tecnologias/inovações que contribuem para a prevenção de agravos e promoção do autocuidado dos pés da pessoa com Diabetes Mellitus. Métodos: Revisão de Escopo realizada no período de 2020 a 2022. A busca ocorreu em plataformas e bases de dados: catálogos de dissertações e teses do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Enfermagem; Portal do Ministério da Saúde; Google School; acesso on-line ao Portal Domínio Público; Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações; Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e PubMed/MedLine, obtendo-se 20 estudos. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que as principais estratégias e intervenções para a promoção do autocuidado para a prevenção do pé diabético foram: inspeção dos pés em 100,0% dos estudos, seguida de higiene e secagem adequada dos pés em 70,0% e corte adequado das unhas em 60,0% das evidências. Como categorias teve-se: tecnologias direcionadas à promoção do autocuidado; mudança de comportamento; melhoria da qualidade de vida e adesão terapêutica. Considerações finais: Considera-se que as estratégias para o autocuidado dos pés da pessoa com Diabetes advêm de um processo de educação em saúde para sensibilização, mudança de comportamento e consequente melhora na qualidade de vida.
High prevalence of alcohol use disorder & psychiatric comorbidity among coal mine workers: Observations from a cross-sectional study in West Bengal
Authors: Chakrabarti Amit , Saha Indranil , Kalita Manoj , Bhattacharya Debangana , Haque Bidisha , Nagraj Alisha , Mukherjee Sovonlal , Benegal Vivek
Published: September 2024

Background & objectives

Tobacco (30%), alcohol (21.4%) and cannabis (3%) are the three most commonly abused substances in India. Tobacco and alcohol abuse have higher prevalence rates among different occupational groups as compared to that in general population in the country. Both tobacco and alcohol lead to significant occupational harm in terms of absenteeism, injuries, sickness and lost productivity. This study estimated the patterns of substance use and associated common psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of coal mine workers.

Methods

Coal mine workers at the age of 18 yr or above engaged in mining activities (skilled/semi-skilled/unskilled) were recruited from the Raniganj – Asansol coal mining areas of Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL). Participants were screened to identify patterns of substance use and other common mental health problems. All participants were administered ASSIST (The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test); GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study) modified questionnaire; and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for primary screening for anxiety and depression.

Results

Out of 202 participants 69 per cent (n=140) were found with either ‘hazardous and harmful’ (moderate risk); or ‘dependent’ (high risk) patterns of use of either tobacco or alcohol or cannabis or of more than one substance. Only 31 per cent (n=62) were ‘low-risk’ for all substances. Almost 65 per cent (n=132) and 49 per cent (n=99) participants out of the whole sample (n=202) belonged to ‘hazardous and harmful’ (moderate risk) and ‘dependent’ (high risk) pattern of tobacco and alcohol consumption, respectively. About 28.8 per cent (n=38) and 23.7 per cent (n=31) of all participants had anxiety and depression, respectively. Combined moderate to high use of both alcohol and tobacco use was significantly associated with the risk of having anxiety [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.896, P<0.015] and depression (AOR=5.335, P<0.012).

Interpretation & conclusions

Alcohol and tobacco are major substance abuse problems among coal mine workers. This population requires early community and primary care based brief intervention as well as additional community-based pharmacotherapy for substance dependence problems as well as intervention for common mental health issues.
Management of hidradenitis suppurativa in Tunisia: A Delphi expert consensus
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Fazzani Meriem , Ben Kahla Marouen , Aounallah Amina , Bel Hadj Mabrouk Emna , Kandara Hajer , Ennayfer Rym , Boukhris Imen , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles. Guidelines for the management of HS in North Africa are lacking. We aimed to develop the Tunisian consensus for the management of HS using the conventional Delphi method.

Material and Methods:

A multidisciplinary panel of 33 experts in the management of HS was selected. A two-round Delphi method was conducted. The first questionnaire consisted of 134 items generated based on a review of the latest international guidelines in the management of HS.

Results:

Among the 134 items proposed in the first round, 73 have reached a consensual agreement (median ≥7, and 70% or more responses were ≥7). An agreement was reached for 32 items proposed in the second round. A management algorithm was developed based on consensual items.

Conclusion:

The results of this consensus represent a key step in improving the management of patients with HS in North Africa.
Irradiation of blood components in combating transfusion associated graft versus host disease (TA- GvHD)
Authors: Bodade Anand , Kumar I. S. Chaitanya , Manii Anilaa
Published: September 2024

Irradiation of cellular blood components is a specialized procedure performed to reduce one of the unusual but most serious adverse effects of transfusion therapy or transplantation, that is, transfusion-associated graft- versus-host disease (TA-GvHD). It is done using either gamma-rays or X-rays derived from radioactive sources. Various developed countries such as Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and Japan follow policies and guidelines for practicing transfusion of irradiated cellular blood components. In India, there are recommendations for the clinical use of irradiated blood components in indicated recipients. However, there is a lack of awareness about this specialized product, availability, usage, and its clinical importance. Furthermore, there are a few pros and cons of irradiating the blood components that need to be discussed. Most of the blood transfusion services departments or blood banks are not having in-house facilities of irradiation due to various reasons. There is a paucity of data published in literature based on clinical trials and evidences for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease by irradiation, and it mostly relies on case reports, hemovigilance data, and laboratory methods aiming to inactivate or eliminate lymphocytes in the transfused components. With this review article, we have made an attempt to describe the role of irradiation of blood components and its uses in the prevention of TA-GvHD, the different types of irradiators and methods of irradiation, dosimetry techniques, and the biochemical effect of irradiation on blood components. It will be helpful for peer clinicians to scrutinize the potential candidates for using irradiated blood components, considering its potential benefits.
Variability in monthly occurrence frequency of internal waves in the East Vietnam Sea
Authors: Le Van Tuan , Nguyen Kim Cuong , Khuong Van Long , Nguyen Dinh Hai
Published: September 2024

In this study, a long-term time series of satellite observations (2005-2009) was used to investigate the occurrence frequency of internal waves in the East Vietnam Sea for different months. Satellite images in January, April, July and October of the period of 2005-2009 were gathered with 30-meter resolution. Secondly, from the enhanced images, the traces of internal waves were digitized. Finally, the composite and occurrence frequency maps are built to analyze the variability of internal waves. It was noted that internal wavefronts mostly appear along the contour of 200 m depth. The occurrence frequency of internal waves reached its maximum values in July and April while values in January and October were insignificant.
Enhanced Flood Risk Evaluation in Ferozepur District, Punjab through GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Ravi Chandra B. , Madhusudhan Reddy M. , Praveen Goud U. , Ravi Kumar K. , Sudharshan Reddy B.
Published: September 2024

Effective disaster risk management and urban planning require robust flood vulnerability assessment methodologies, particularly in regions susceptible to flooding. Ferozepur district, Punjab, confronts substantial challenges concerning flood risk, underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive vulnerability assessment approach. This study presents an exhaustive investigation into flood vulnerability assessment in Ferozepur district, Punjab, employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a multi-criteria framework. The primary aim is to develop a robust flood vulnerability assessment framework, integrating various thematic maps such as aspect, distance to river, elevation, flow accumulation, flow direction, drainage density, contour, Landsat 8 imagery, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land use and land cover (LULC), annual rainfall, roughness, slope, stream network and topographic wetness index (TWI). Through the synthesis of these thematic maps, areas susceptible to flooding within Ferozepur district have been accurately delineated. The study underscores the significance of employing multiple criteria and GIS methodologies for precise flood vulnerability assessment. Findings reveal that regions characterized by high drainage density, low elevation and proximity to rivers exhibit heightened vulnerability to flooding. Factors such as land cover, rainfall intensity and terrain roughness exert substantial influence on flood vulnerability. Specifically, the study delineates regions highly susceptible and less susceptible to flood risks. The newly established flood vulnerability assessment framework provides essential guidance for policymakers, urban planners and emergency response agencies to mitigate flood risks.
Preparation of the Flood Inundation Map and Study of its Impact on Adjoining Areas due to Brahmaputra River using HEC-RAS
Authors: Kumar Diwesh , Parhi Prabeer Kumar , Kumar Vibhanshu
Published: September 2024

In the present study, the HEC-RAS model is being used to study the effects of the peak floods at different crosssections of Brahmaputra river for 10, 20, 50 and 100 years return period. For estimation of floods having 10, 20, 50 and 100 years return period, Gumbel’s extreme value distribution method has been used. Also, for the estimation of the flood havoc and to look into its effects, 20 years return period flood has been considered. These fifty cross sections covering the 100 km length of river, which is more flood prone, have been taken for the study. The results of the study show that the heightening of left embankment is needed which varies from 0.21 m to 1.48 m and for right embankment it varies from 0.1 m to 3.04 m. Further, the flood inundation map has been prepared for the study area and this map is used in Google Earth Pro for the 3D visualization of the depth of flood. The results of the present study indicate that suitable flood mitigation strategies need to be implemented which will effectively minimize the flood hazard of Brahmaputra river system as well as to save the lives and property to a large extent.
Enhancing Subsurface Imaging: Optimization of Data Acquisition and Processing Parameters in Passive Roadside MASW Surveys
Authors: Philley Phurba Dorjee , Taipodia Jumrik , Pana Tassar , Anshu Aditya Kumar
Published: September 2024

This study presents an in-depth analysis of optimal data acquisition and processing parameters for passive roadside multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) surveys in urban settings. Passive MASW surveys utilize ambient noise from traffic and natural seismicity, making them a non-invasive and cost-effective method for subsurface investigation. Key parameters such as receiver array length, receiver spacing, offline distance, sampling frequency and acquisition time were systematically varied in controlled experiments and field studies conducted at NIT Arunachal Pradesh, India. Advanced data processing techniques including filtering, muting and dispersion image stitching, were employed to enhance the resolution and reliability of subsurface images. The results demonstrate that a 23-m array length with 1-m receiver spacing, a sampling frequency of 4000 Hz and a 10-m offline distance yield the highest quality shear wave velocity profiles. Validation against active MASW and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data confirms the consistency and reliability of the passive MASW method. Additionally, the soil type is categorized using the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classification based on Vs30 values from both active and passive MASW surveys. This classification is further compared with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). This research offers actionable insights for geotechnical engineers and urban planners, emphasizing the efficacy of passive MASW surveys for detailed urban subsurface characterization.
Evaluation of seismic hazard for Cuttack District, Odisha using regional attenuation models
Authors: Mishra Satyaprakash , Sil Arjun , Das Amit Kumar
Published: September 2024

This research conducts a comprehensive seismic hazard analysis for Cuttack District, Odisha, India, utilizing both deterministic and probabilistic approaches within a 300 km radius of Cuttack city. An earthquake catalog, spanning from 1837 to 2022 AD, has been compiled and homogenized using local empirical relationships. The completeness of this catalog is assessed via the Cumulative Visual Inspection (CUVI) method. Seismicity parameters and maximum magnitudes for various sources are meticulously evaluated. Ground motion estimates are derived from faults within the study area using region-specific Ground Motion Prediction Models (GMPMs), with normalized weight factors assigned to each model through the Log-Likelihood (LLH) method. The seismic hazard is quantified by peak ground acceleration (PGA) and hazard curves are generated to evaluate PGA values at 2%, 5% and 10% probabilities of exceedance over 50 and 100 years. Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) are developed for spectral periods ranging from 0.0 to 2.5 seconds. The results show excellent agreement with previous studies. Additionally, a spatial variation map of PGA values for the district indicates that PGA values range from 0.0392g to 0.102g.
A Novel and Easy Synthesis of 1H-Tetrazoles employing p-Tolenesulfonyl azide
Authors: Repale Anil Vithal , Kishore Ram , Chundawat N.S. , Srivastava Nitin , Singh Girdhar Pal
Published: September 2024

A novel and easy method for the synthesis of tetrazole is from substituted amides using p-toluene sulfonyl azide for activating amide-oxygen for elimination and azide source. In this protocol, various substituted amides were transformed to tetrazoles of high yields. This protocol is a convenient method for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles without using explosive or toxic reagents. Most of the synthesized compounds are anticancerous to the cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7 and U87-MG. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 4b was found to be most promising anticancerous to all three cancer cell lines.