bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considering the cultural context in psychopathology formulations
Authors: Hassim Junaid , Wagner Claire
Published: June 2017

Background. Mental health research appears to be continually transforming. Recent literature reflects a greater appreciation for the ways in which pathoplastic features of culture modulate emotional regulation. This article introduces those aspects of the literature which explore the (re)consideration of culture as a dynamic and essential construct in the clinical formulation of psychopathology.

Objectives. The study aims to review literature that focuses on the dynamic influence of culture in psychopathology. Furthermore, the researchers aim to present a view on the ways in which culture appeared to shape the topography of psychopathology nosology.

 Method. A literature review of 31 sources. Results. The review indicated that 29 literature sources were conceptual in design, suggesting a great need for more empirical research. This section also explored themes identified during the literature review. The literature was tabulated according to features and emerging themes. Three major themes were identified and included: the cultural context; the evolving definitions of culture; and culture and psychopathology.

Conclusion/discussion. An analysis of the themes was offered. The authors concluded by highlighting the significance of the literature at present. Areas of particular interest suggested that health and behaviour are dependent, at least in part, on culture; psychopathology may also be appreciated as a social construct; culture influences psychopathology regardless of the aetiology; diagnostic classes do not adequately consider operational definitions; and a greater focus on hermeneutic perceptivity in appreciating cultural dynamics in psychopathology will benefit clinical assessment.
Dementia
Authors: Potocnik F C V
Published: June 2017

By definition, dementia is an acquired global impairment in memory, personality and intellect in an alert patient, that is sufficiently severe to interfere with social and/or occupational functioning.
Trends in pharmacotherapy selection for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Van Zyl Paulina M , Gagiano Carlo A , Mollentze Willie F , Snyman Jacques S , Joubert Gina
Published: June 2017

Background.The selection of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal remains a clinical challenge. Research continues into the underlying pathophysiology of dependence and withdrawal. A spectrum of clinical presentations of alcohol dependence is emerging, yet recommendations and guidelines have remained unchanged for some time. 
Objectives. To engage with the problem of translating research into practice, as reflected by the selection of pharmacotherapy for alcohol withdrawal by medical practitioners in the Free State Province, South Africa.

Methods. A questionnaire-based survey and interviews were conducted among 121 professionals in both the private and public sectors across the province. A subgroup was formed comprising the 58 doctors who indicated that they prescribe for alcohol withdrawal. Participants worked in private general practice, specialist psychiatry practice, in a state hospital or in a treatment centre.

Results. Prescribing practices varied based on practitioners’ geographical distribution and professional capacity. Deviation from standard recommendations included the routine use of clothiapine and antidepressants in withdrawal regimens. Prescribing clothiapine appears to be a local custom. While prescription of antidepressants may indicate unrealistic expectations of therapeutic benefit, there are clear indications that this is maintained to mask the diagnosis of an alcohol-related condition. Prescribing for alcohol withdrawal is therefore not necessarily determined by pathophysiology or efficacy of medication.

Conclusion. Withdrawal regimens need to be reassessed by researchers, policy makers and funders, balancing new developments with the real-life experiences and challenges of prescribers and their patients.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of seven augmentation agents for treatment-resistant depression: A multiple-treatments meta-analysis
Authors: Qi Hong-Bo , Wang Xing , Huang Shuai
Published: June 2017

Background. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Augmentation pharmacotherapy is effective for TRD, but it is still unclear which augmentation agent is most efficacious. 

Objective. To assess the effects of seven augmentation agents on TRD. 

Methods. We did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, accounting for both direct and indirect comparisons. PubMed, the Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Web of Science, Embase, CBM-disc, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and relevant websites (up to August 2013) were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about augmentation agents. The following terms were used: ‘potentiation’, ‘augmentation’, and ‘adjunct’ paired with ‘depression’ and ‘resistant depression’. No language limitation was imposed.

Results. We systematically reviewed 12 RCTs (1 936 participants), which included seven augmentation agents: lithium, tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), buspirone, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and tri-iodothyronine (T3). The results revealed that T3 was more efficacious than lithium, TCA, AAPs, AEDs, buspirone and CBT with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.58, 1.56, 1.51, 1.47, 1.77 and 1.25, respectively. ORs favoured CBT compared with lithium, TCA, AAPs, AEDs and buspirone. Buspirone was the least efficacious of all the other augmentation agents tested. AAPs were significantly more acceptable than lithium, and CBT more than buspirone. T3 was slightly more acceptable than lithium, and CBT more than AAPs.

Conclusion. T3 as an augmentation agent should be a clinician’s first consideration instead of lithium in acute treatment for TRD. CBT might be a good augmentation agent in some communities. Buspirone should be a final option as an augmentation agent. Further research is needed, such as a well-designed, large-scale controlled trial, to support and draw definite conclusions.
Genital self-mutilation in a non-psychotic male to get rid of excessive sexual drive: A case report
Authors: Tripathi Adarsh , Tekkalaki Bheemsain , Agarwal Anurag
Published: June 2017

Genital self-mutilation (GSM) is a rare phenomenon. In the majority of cases, GSM is secondary to psychotic illness. Among the non-psychotics, the motives behind GSM are varied. We report a rare case in which a non-psychotic, non-paraphilic patient suffering from excessive sexual drive carried out GSM to curb hypersexuality. Aetiological factors behind GSM are discussed. This case report emphasises that excessive sexual drive may lead to distress and GSM. Effective management of excessive sexual drive and active inquiry into any intentions of GSM in such patients may be helpful in preventing GSM.

 
Attendance at an outpatient follow-up clinic by HIV-positive psychiatric patients initiated on ART as inpatients
Authors: Nel Yvette M , Jonsson Gregory
Published: June 2017

Background. Evidence suggests that the presence of mental illness may be associated with poorer adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is also a general understanding that patients initiated on ART as inpatients have poorer outcomes than those initiated as outpatients. Negative perceptions regarding future adherence may affect the clinical decision to initiate ART in hospitalised psychiatric patients. Attendance at clinic appointments is an indicator of medication adherence, and is easily measurable in a limited-resource setting. 

Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to examine the rate of attendance at the first clinic appointment post discharge from a period of psychiatric hospitalisation in HIV-positive psychiatric patients initiated on ART as inpatients. A secondary objective was to determine which factors, if any, were associated with clinic attendance. 

Methods. This study was a retrospective record review, conducted at the Luthando Neuropsychiatric HIV Clinic in Soweto, which is an integrated mental healthcare and ART clinic. Patients who were initiated on ART as psychiatric inpatients from 1 July 2009 to 31 December 2010, and subsequently discharged for outpatient follow-up at Luthando Clinic were included in the sample.  

Results. There were 98 patients included in the analysis. The sample was predominantly female. The rate of attendance was 80%. The attendant and non-attendant groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical data.  Significantly fewer non-attendant patients had disclosed their HIV status to their treatment supporter (p=0.01). 

Conclusion. Non-disclosure of HIV status needs to be further addressed in integrated psychiatric HIV treatment facilities in order to improve attendance. Female predominance in this setting should also be further investigated.
A Vision for Africa
Authors: Njenga Frank G
Published: June 2017

The recent launch of the African Union in Durban (South Africa) was witnessed by a galaxy of African leaders all united in their vision of a future for Africa representative of the African Renaissance as conceptualised by Nelson Mandela. Thousands of miles away, in the land of the Rising Sun, the city of Yokohama witnessed the birth of another African child, con- ceived, carried and delivered by a group of men and women of similar commitment to the continent of Africa. What the Yokohama fête lacked in pomp and colour was more than made up for by the visible and at times palpable resolve. It was indeed an event representative of the triumph of hope over (bad) past experience. The relief of the launch was visible all round and was witnessed by leaders in psychiatry from all over the world
How can we keep our psychiatrists?
Authors: Vorster Merryll
Published: June 2017

An article in the Citizen of 5 November 2002 stated that 3 351 doctors, dentists and pharmacists resigned from the employ of Gauteng Health during 2000 and 2001. Where did they all go? There are 355 psychiatrists practising in South Africa. This figure remains constant despite our efforts at training some 20 new psy- chiatrists per year
Supraclavicular Artery Flap – A promising versatile Flap: An early Experience
Authors: Thomas Shaji , Janardhan Deepak , Krishnan Sharath K , Kottaram Philip J
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Reconstruction of major head and neck defects remains challenging for head and neck surgeons . As esthetic expectations are extremely demanding, in terms of colormatch, texture and functional dexterity. Reconstructive options range widely from skin grafts tolocoregional or even free flaps. The need of the hour would be a versatile flap that harbours only the desired characteristics of both local and free flaps.

Materials and methods

Patients requiring local flap reconstruction after excision of the head and neck malignant lesion in our department, were included in the study after informed consent.

Results

Two patients had reconstruction of the extended radical parotidectomy skin defect and one patient had intraoral defect post oncological resection, which were reconstructed with supraclavicular artery flap.

Conclusion

The early experience of using supraclavicular artery flap in three cases of head and neck reconstruction following oncological resection is highly gratifying.

How to cite this article

Janardhan D, Thomas S, Krishnan SK, Kottaram PJ. Supraclavicular Artery Flap – A promising versatile Flap: An early Experience. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):228-230.
Evaluation of Novel Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite Technique for Primary Anterior Teeth with Deep Carious Lesions: A 12-month Clinical Study
Authors: Morawala Abdul , Jain Kapil , Sawant Ajinkya , Chunawalla Yusuf , Kanchan Nupur S , Talathi Rohan
Published: June 2017

Background

Early childhood caries discloses a distinct clinical pattern, and the teeth most often involved are the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and the maxillary and mandibular first molars. The maxillary incisors are most severely affected, with deep carious lesions usually involving the pulp. Teeth that have been endodontically treated often have little coronal tooth tissue remaining and as such require a post to retain the core and restoration .This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of EverStick glass fiber-reinforced composite post with ParaPost Taper Lux in primary maxillary anterior teeth.

Aim

An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate and compare the longevity and failures of two fiber post systems in primary maxillary anterior teeth.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 severely mutilated primary maxillary anterior teeth from children aged 3 to 5 years were selected according to the inclusion criteria. These teeth were treated endodontically and were randomly assigned into two groups with 30 samples in each group, group I: EverStick glass fiber-reinforced composite post, group II: ParaPost Taper Lux post. The evaluation of dislodgment of posts, secondary caries, root fracture, and post fracture was carried out clinically and radiographically during every follow-up at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months interval.

Results

Statistical tests (Chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test) suggested that dislodgment of the posts was significant between the two groups at 6, 9, and 12 months follow-ups. But within the group during subsequent follow-up intervals, dislodgment of posts as a mode of failure was not statistically significant. However, clinically failures were seen in both the study groups.

Conclusion

Fiber post system has proved to be successful clinically in both primary and permanent teeth due to the monoblock effect with luting agent, post system, core material, and bonding to dentin. Thus, today the EverStick glass fiber post system provides a novel way of fabricating cost-effective and less time-consuming custom-made post in treating mutilated maxillary anteriors.

How to cite this article

Sawant A, Chunawalla Y, Morawala A, Kanchan NS, Jain K, Talathi R. Evaluation of Novel Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite Technique for Primary Anterior Teeth with Deep Carious Lesions: A 12-month Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):126-130.
Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Malhotra Ritika , Shashikiran ND
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim of the present in vitro study is to evaluate and compare antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available child's dental formulas in reduced concentrations containing different forms of fluoride against Streptococcus mutans activity.

Materials and methods

The selected dentifrices were prepared in dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 using sterile pyrogen-free distilled water. Various dilutions of the selected toothpaste slurries were incubated in the agar plate containing pure strains of S. mutans, and antimicrobial activity of each was assessed by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm). Agar well plate diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were the methods used in this study. The inhibitory circle of each dentifrice was measured and MIC was achieved by considering the value of diameter of the circle.

Results

The results of the study showed that even at a lower concentration of fluoride, inhibition halos were obtained for all the formulations at different dilutions.

Conclusion

The kid's formulations having lower fluoride concentration show antimicrobial activity even after dilutions. Thus, commercially, the fluoride concentrations can be further lowered down in the dentifrices, thereby reducing the risk associated with fluoride.

How to cite this article

Malhotra R, Singla S, Shashikiran ND. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Child Formula Dentifrices at different Concentrations: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):131-135.
Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mistry Laresh , Dhariwal Neha S , Majeed Andleeb , Badakar Chandrashekhar
Published: June 2017

Aim

To assess the level of vitamin B12 and correlate it with dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) score] and gingival diseases [plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI)].

Design

Healthy children according to the inclusion criteria were selected by the computerized randomization method from a school to assess the vitamin B12 levels using Centaur/Versace machine.

Materials and methods

Blood samples were collected to assess vitamin B12 levels using automated analyzer. Oral examination was done by a single calibrated dentist. A thorough oral examination was carried out and the DMFT, PI, and GI scores of all the children were recorded and assessed. Data were analyzed using Karl Pearson's correlation test.

Results

Vitamin B12 levels were deficient in 64% of the children. In boys, vitamin B12 deficiency was found in about 76.2%, whereas, in girls it was 57.1%, which was not statistically significant. The vitamin B12 deficient children showed a significantly high DMFT scores than the children with normal vitamin B12 levels. The Pearson's correlation was –0.614 for DMFT, PI value –0.663, and GI value of –0.477. The negative correlation stated that there was a reverse relation between these indices and vitamin B12.

Conclusion

In children with systemic vitamin B12 deficiency, there is increased dental caries prevalence and associated gingival problems.

How to cite this article

Hugar SM, Dhariwal NS, Majeed A, Badakar C, Gokhale N, Mistry L. Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):142-146.
Rare Condition of Dens Invaginatus in a Maxillary Primary Molar and a Birooted Maxillary Primary Canine diagnosed during Routine Examination
Authors: Barbosa Brandão Eliana Costa , Aguiar Ribeiro Apoena , Alto Seabra Luciane Monte
Published: June 2017

Congenital morphological dental alterations are related to the physiological phase of tooth development. Since the etiology of the dens invaginatus and supernumerary roots has yet to be fully determined, a rare presentation of dens invaginatus in a primary molar and a birooted deciduous maxillary canine were incidentally detected in routine radiographic examinations. Essential clinical considerations and treatment options are presented.

Clinical significance

This study highlights the importance of a deep and comprehensive anamnesis and clinical examination, with radiographs taken when necessary. The negligence of these stages in an initial consultation could cause irreversible future damage to the patient, since rare dental anomalies or other lesions that require treatment may not be detected.

How to cite this article

Brandão ECB, Ribeiro AA, Seabra LMA. Rare Condition of Dens Invaginatus in a Maxillary Primary Molar and a Birooted Maxillary Primary Canine diagnosed during Routine Examination. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):193-195.
Childhood Occurrence of Pemphigus
Authors: Indushekar KR , Patil Raju U , Anegundi Rajesh T , Gujjar Kumar R
Published: June 2017

Pemphigus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease that initially manifests in the form of intraoral blisters which spread to other mucous membrane and skin. This study describes an unusual case of chronic generalized childhood pemphigus disease in an 11-year-old girl, who presented with multiple vesicles all over her body. Such a condition is seen more often in older people rather than children. It is crucial for dental professionals to be familiar with the diagnosis of bullous skin diseases in children and adolescents, especially in its initial stages in order to prevent the serious consequences and morbidity. The article highlights clinical presentation, histopathology, and successful management strategies useful for pediatric dental practice.

How to cite this article

Patil RU, Anegundi RT, Gujjar KR, Indushekar KR. Childhood Occurrence of Pemphigus. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):196-200.
Effect of QMix 2 in 1, BioPure MTAD and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study
Authors: Agarwal Manish , Singh Gautam , Gupta Charul , Singh Mahesh P , Singh Kunwar S , Mishra Abhishek
Published: June 2017

Aim

To compare the effect of QMix, a mixture of tetracycline, citric acid, and detergent (MTAD), and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) on the microhardness of the root canal dentin.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 single-rooted teeth were decoronated at 15 mm from the root apex. Root canal instrumen- tation using step back technique was done and the specimens were split into two halves using diamond disc. These were embedded in acrylic blocks and sent for testing by Vickers hard- ness test. The other half of the specimens was divided into four groups. Control group: In this, normal saline was used. Group I: MTAD was used. Group II: 17% EDTA was used. Group IV: QMix 2 in 1 (DENTSPLY) was used. The specimens were immersed in test irrigant for 5 minutes in closed glass plates. The tested specimens were sent for Vickers hardness test under 100 gm load for 15 seconds. The post Vickers hardness number readings were recorded and sent for statistical analysis.

Results

Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test was applied for pairwise comparison. QMix showed significantly less reduction in microhardness than EDTA and QMix: Normal saline > QMix>EDTA>MTAD.

Conclusion

QMix as a root canal irrigant is efficient as it caused least reduction of microhardness of dentin. It has antibacterial properties and is also efficient for smear layer removal.

How to cite this article

Gupta C, Singh G, Singh MP, Agarwal M, Singh KS, Mishra A. Effect of QMix 2 in 1, BioPure MTAD and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):17-20.
Implants for Auricular Prosthesis
Authors: Ramkumar K , Sabarigirinathan C , Vinayagavel K , Gunasekar C , Dhanaraj M
Published: June 2017

Implants are wonderful treatment option for auricular defects as it provides a retentive auricular prosthesis. Auricular defects can be rehabilitated by autogenous and prosthodontic methods. Implants provide retention of auricular prosthesis by bar and clip method and magnets. Implant used in craniofacial region differs from the one which is used in the oral cavity. The implants are shorter with flange on the top, which is a unique feature for implants used in craniofacial region. The major challenge in placing the implant is the proximity of various anatomical structures. The implants should be placed 20 mm distance to the center of the external auditory meatus in 8 and 11 o'clock positions for right side of the face and the 1 and 4 o'clock position for left side. Two implants with distance of 15 mm will be sufficient to satisfy the biomechanics. Proper planning and use of implants with retentive aids like magnet, bar, and clip will provide a satisfactory prosthesis.

How to cite this article

Ramkumar K, Sabarigirinathan C, Vinayagavel K, Gunasekar C, Dhanaraj M. Implants for Auricular Prosthesis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):25-29.
Endodontic Management of a Rare Anatomic Variation of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First and Second Molar using Cone-beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid
Authors: Agarwal Manish , Singh Mahesh P , Qureshi Rizwan , Singh Santosh K , Sharma Kriti
Published: June 2017

Radix entomolaris (RE) is the presence of an extra root in the lingual aspect of the mandibular molars. This is a rare anatomic variant, prevalence of which ranges between 5.96 and 6.67% in the Indian population. For a successful endodontic management, detection of these extra roots is important. In conventional radiography, these extra roots tend to be overlapped; thus, cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a noninvasive technique to study the internal and external anatomy and aids in proper detection. The endodontic treatment of RE requires some modifications in the endodontic treatment as compared with the common two-rooted anatomic variant. This article presents a clinical case report of successful detection and endodontic man- agement of mandibular first and second molar with extralingual root using CBCT as a diagnostic tool. This case report involves the endodontic treatment and presence of extra roots in both the mandibular first molar and second molar simultaneously in a single patient of Indian origin, which is a rare finding and has not been reported in endodontic literature till date.

How to cite this article

Qureshi R, Agarwal M, Singh MP, Singh SK, Sharma K. Endodontic Management of a Rare Ana- tomic Variation of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First and Second Molar using Cone-beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):30-33.
Endodontic Management of Pathologic Root Resorption using EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Agarwal Manish , Singh Mahesh P , Singh Santosh K , Wadhwani Shefali
Published: June 2017

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has emerged as a reliable bioactive material with extended applications in endodontics that includes the obturation of the root canal space. Recently, introduced sealers based on MTA have been reported to be biocompatible, also to stimulate mineralization and encourage apatite-like crystalline deposits along the apical and middle third of the canal walls. This article examines the literature supporting EndoSeal MTA (MARUCHI, Wonju, Korea) as a root canal sealer, suggests method for its delivery and placement, and presents a case report that demonstrates its effectiveness in resolving a chronic periapical lesion.

How to cite this article

Wadhwani S, Singh MP, Agarwal M, Singh SK. Endodontic Management of Pathologic Root Resorption using EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):34-37.
The Effect of Periogen Solution on Dental Calculus in vitro: A Pilot Study
Authors: Radnai Marta , Rajnics Zsolt
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Calculus can accommodate teeth and prosthetic restorations when the patient's oral hygiene is poor. Hardened calculus cannot be removed by patients, it needs professional cleaning using ultrasonic scaler or hand instrument. Solutions dissolving and preventing accumulation of dental calculus may help to keep dentures clean. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of Periogen on dental calculus in vitro.

Materials and methods

Calculus was collected via scaling from patients during a routine dental checkup. The samples were stored in carbamide peroxide solution (5%) for 24 hours, then rinsed and stored in distilled water. First, the Ca2+ content of the calculus was determined by photometric method after treating with cc. hydrochloric acid solution for 1 hour. The calculus samples were put in Periogen solution, prepared according to manufacturer's instruction for 16 hours, then crushed and put in Periogen solution with the same concentrate for 4.5 hours. The Ca2+ dissolved from calculus was measured using same photometric method.

Results

Calculus samples contained 26 mg/100 mg Ca2+, which is similar to dentin (27–28 mg/100 mg) and to enamel (36 mg/100 mg). The Ca2+ dissolved from calculus after treating with cc. hydrochloric acid for 1 hour was considered 100%. Ca2+ dissolution was 1.5% after 16 hours (0.09%/h) and 5.45% (1.21%/h) for the next 4.5 hours after pulverizing the sample. This showed Periogen Ca2+ dissolution was 385 µg/100 mg after 16 hours direct contact with the material.

Conclusion

The experiment showed that pulverizing the previously hard calculus was done easily after soaking it in Periogen. The ability of Periogen to soften the calculus needs to be further investigated.

How to cite this article

Rajnics Z, Radnai M. The Effect of Periogen Solution on Dental Calculus in vitro: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):33-34.
Ligature Guide for Implant Placement
Authors: Durgekar Sujala G
Published: June 2017

Aim

Planning an anchorage requirements of a case for effecient biomechanics is one of the important step in success of treatment outcomes. There are many means to reinforce anchorage. Since last decade, use of mini implants for absolute anchorage has gained popularity which does not depend on pateint compliance. Precise positioning of mini-implant is a key for success of absolute anchorage system. We have devised a simple guide made up of ligature wire, which is a useful tool for an accurate implant placement. The proposed implant guide is a useful aid for accurate placement of implant, which minimizes chances of root damage.

Background

Precise positioning of mini-implant is of paramount importance for success of absolute anchorage system.

How to cite this article

Durgekar SG. Ligature Guide for Implant Placement. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):51-53.
LANE LEVEL LOCALIZATION; USING IMAGES AND HD MAPS TO MITIGATE THE LATERAL ERROR
Authors: Hosseinyalamdary S. , Peter M.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In urban canyon where the GNSS signals are blocked by buildings, the accuracy of measured position significantly deteriorates. GIS databases have been frequently utilized to improve the accuracy of measured position using map matching approaches. In map matching, the measured position is projected to the road links (centerlines) in this approach and the lateral error of measured position is reduced. By the advancement in data acquision approaches, high definition maps which contain extra information, such as road lanes are generated. These road lanes can be utilized to mitigate the positional error and improve the accuracy in position. In this paper, the image content of a camera mounted on the platform is utilized to detect the road boundaries in the image. We apply color masks to detect the road marks, apply the Hough transform to fit lines to the left and right road boundaries, find the corresponding road segment in GIS database, estimate the homography transformation between the global and image coordinates of the road boundaries, and estimate the camera pose with respect to the global coordinate system. The proposed approach is evaluated on a benchmark. The position is measured by a smartphone’s GPS receiver, images are taken from smartphone’s camera and the ground truth is provided by using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technique. Results show the proposed approach significantly improves the accuracy of measured GPS position. The error in measured GPS position with average and standard deviation of 11.323 and 11.418 meters is reduced to the error in estimated postion with average and standard deviation of 6.725 and 5.899 meters.
REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS POST-FIRE EFFECTS AT THE HILLSLOPE AND SUB-BASIN SCALES VIA MULTI-SCALE MODEL
Authors: Brook A. , Polinova M. , Kopel D. , Malkinson D. , Wittenberg L. , Roberts D. , Shtober-Zisu N.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Post-fire environmental footprint is expected at varying scales in space and in time and demands development of multi-scale monitoring approaches. In this paper, a spatially and temporally explicit multi-scale model that reveals the physical and morphological indicators affecting hillslope susceptibility at varying scales, is explained and demonstrated. The qualitative and quantitative suitability classification procedures are adapted to translate the large-scale space-borne data supplied by satellite systems (Landsat OLS8 and Sentinel 2 and 3) to local scale produced by a regional airborne survey performed by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). At the smallest spatial and temporal resolution, a daily airborne imagery collection by UAV is linked to micro-topography model, using statistical and mathematical approaches.
PROCESSING OF CRAWLED URBAN IMAGERY FOR BUILDING USE CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Tutzauer P. , Haala N.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Recent years have shown a shift from pure geometric 3D city models to data with semantics. This is induced by new applications (e.g. Virtual/Augmented Reality) and also a requirement for concepts like Smart Cities. However, essential urban semantic data like building use categories is often not available. We present a first step in bridging this gap by proposing a pipeline to use crawled urban imagery and link it with ground truth cadastral data as an input for automatic building use classification. We aim to extract this city-relevant semantic information automatically from Street View (SV) imagery. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) proved to be extremely successful for image interpretation, however, require a huge amount of training data. Main contribution of the paper is the automatic provision of such training datasets by linking semantic information as already available from databases provided from national mapping agencies or city administrations to the corresponding façade images extracted from SV. Finally, we present first investigations with a CNN and an alternative classifier as a proof of concept.
VERTICAL ACCURACY COMPARISON OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL FROM LIDAR AND MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Octariady J. , Hikmat A. , Widyaningrum E. , Mayasari R. , Fajari M. K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Digital elevation model serves to illustrate the appearance of the earth's surface. DEM can be produced from a wide variety of data sources including from radar data, LiDAR data, and stereo satellite imagery. Making the LiDAR DEM conducted using point cloud data from LiDAR sensor. Making a DEM from stereo satellite imagery can be done using same temporal or multitemporal stereo satellite imagery. How much the accuracy of DEM generated from multitemporal stereo stellite imagery and LiDAR data is not known with certainty. The study was conducted using LiDAR DEM data and multitemporal stereo satellite imagery DEM. Multitemporal stereo satellite imagery generated semi-automatically by using 3 scene stereo satellite imagery with acquisition 2013–2014. The high value given each of DEM serve as the basis for calculating high accuracy DEM respectively. The results showed the high value differences in the fraction of the meter between LiDAR DEM and multitemporal stereo satellite imagery DEM.
BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM REMOTE SENSING DATA USING FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORKS
Authors: Bittner K. , Cui S. , Reinartz P.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Building detection and footprint extraction are highly demanded for many remote sensing applications. Though most previous works have shown promising results, the automatic extraction of building footprints still remains a nontrivial topic, especially in complex urban areas. Recently developed extensions of the CNN framework made it possible to perform dense pixel-wise classification of input images. Based on these abilities we propose a methodology, which automatically generates a full resolution binary building mask out of a Digital Surface Model (DSM) using a Fully Convolution Network (FCN) architecture. The advantage of using the depth information is that it provides geometrical silhouettes and allows a better separation of buildings from background as well as through its invariance to illumination and color variations. The proposed framework has mainly two steps. Firstly, the FCN is trained on a large set of patches consisting of normalized DSM (nDSM) as inputs and available ground truth building mask as target outputs. Secondly, the generated predictions from FCN are viewed as unary terms for a Fully connected Conditional Random Fields (FCRF), which enables us to create a final binary building mask. A series of experiments demonstrate that our methodology is able to extract accurate building footprints which are close to the buildings original shapes to a high degree. The quantitative and qualitative analysis show the significant improvements of the results in contrast to the multy-layer fully connected network from our previous work.
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FROM MOTION COMBINING GLOBAL IMAGE ORIENTATION AND STRUCTURELESS BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Cefalu A. , Haala N. , Fritsch D.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Global image orientation techniques aim at estimating camera rotations and positions for a whole set of images simultaneously. One of the main arguments for these procedures is an improved robustness against drifting of camera stations in comparison to more classical sequential approaches. Usually, the process consists of computation of absolute rotations and, in a second step, absolute positions for the cameras. Either the first or both steps rely on the network of transformations arising from relative orientations between cameras. Therefore, the quality of the obtained absolute results is influenced by tensions in the network. These may e.g. be induced by insufficient knowledge of the intrinsic camera parameters. Another reason can be found in local weaknesses of image connectivity. We apply a hierarchical approach with intermediate bundle adjustment to reduce these effects. We adopt efficient global techniques which register image triplets based on fixed absolute camera rotations and scaled relative camera translations but do not involve scene structure elements in the fusion step. Our variant employs submodels of arbitrary size, orientation and scale, by computing relative rotations and scales between - and subsequently absolute rotations and scales for - submodels and is applied hierarchically. Furthermore we substitute classical bundle adjustment by a structureless approach based on epipolar geometry and augmented with a scale consistency constraint.
The Impact of IFRS Adoption on Canadian Firms’ Disclosure Levels
Authors: El Mahjoub Essafi , Dicko Saidatou
Published: June 2017

This study examines a random sample of Canadian firms listed on the S&P/TSX Composite Index to find out whether disclosures in IFRS financial statements increased compared to disclosures based on the former Canadian generally accepted accounting principles. Results show that IFRS adoption has had a positive impact on the amount of information disclosed in financial statements. We conclude that disclosure levels in financial statements based on IFRS are much higher than formerly under Canadian GAAP.
Orthogonal Plating of Vancouver B1 and C-Type Periprosthetic Femur Fracture Nonunions
Authors: Birch Christopher E. , Blankstein Michael , Chlebeck Jesse D. , Bartlett 3rd Craig S.
Published: June 2017

Background

Periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures are a significant complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Plate osteosynthesis has been the mainstay of treatment around well-fixed stems. Nonunions are a rare and challenging complication of this fixation method. We report the outcomes of a novel orthogonal plating surgical technique for Vancouver B1 and C-type periprosthetic fractures that previously failed open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods

A retrospective review identified all patients with Vancouver B1/C THA periprosthetic femoral nonunions from 2010 to 2015. Exclusion criteria included open fractures and periprosthetic infections. The technique utilised a mechanobiologic strategy of atraumatic exposure, resection of necrotic tissue, bone grafting with adjuvant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and revision open reduction internal fixation with orthogonal plate osteosynthesis.

Results

6 Vancouver B1/C periprosthetic femoral nonunions were treated. 5 patients were female with an average age of 80.3 years (range 72-91 years). The fractures occurred at a mean of 5.8 years (range 1-10 years) from their initial arthroplasty procedure. No patients underwent further revision surgery; there were no perioperative complications. All patients had a minimum of 11 months follow-up (mean 18.6, range 11-36 months). All fractures achieved osseous union, defined as solid bridging callus over at least 2 cortices and pain free, independent ambulation, at an average of 24.4 weeks (range 6.1-39.7 weeks).

Conclusions

This is the 1st series describing orthogonal locked compression plating using modern implants for periprosthetic femoral nonunions. This technique should be considered in periprosthetic femur fracture nonunions around a well-fixed stem.
Wear of XLPE Liner against Zirconium Heads in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients under 40 Years of Age
Authors: Sonohata Motoki , Kitajima Masaru , Kawano Shunsuke , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the young is challenging. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine the clinical, radiographic, and polyethylene wear rate of relatively young patients.

Methods

We evaluated the outcome of consecutive patients receiving primary THA who were under 40 years of age with a minimum 10-year follow-up. Indications for THA in these patients were osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia of the hip joint (9 hips), osteonecrosis of the femoral head (7 hips), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2 hips), and osteoarthritis due to Perthes disease (1 hip). All THA were performed with a cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (XLPE) liner against zirconium heads with cementless implants.

Results

The average Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score significantly improved from 42 to 93 points at the latest follow-up. The mean steady wear was 0.015 mm/year (maximum 0.033 mm/year), and the mean creep wear was 0.111 mm (maximum 0.4 mm). Osteolysis was observed around 1 acetabular component and 2 stems. 1 femoral component had subsidence over 5 mm. All of the femoral components achieved fixation with an optimal interface with spot welds at the latest follow-up. Stress shielding was observed in all hips.

Conclusions

THA using an XLPE liner against zirconium heads appeared to have improved THA longevity. However, the imaging findings in some cases were suggestive of wear debris. A rigorous continual follow-up is required for relatively young patients undergoing THA.
Risk factors for mid-term revision surgery in patients with articular surface replacement total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Donahue Gabrielle S. , Lindgren Viktor , Galea Vincent P. , Madanat Rami , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Malchau Henrik
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

This study assessed the associations between gender and implant survival, as well as adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR), in patients with articular surface replacement (ASR) XL total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondly, we sought to report the differences between genders in metal ion levels and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in these patients.

Methods:

563 unilateral ASR XL THA patients were enrolled in a multicentre follow-up study at a mean of 6.4 years after index surgery. All patients had blood metal ion levels and PROMs obtained annually, and a valid anteroposterior pelvis radiograph. A sub-set of patients from a single centre had annual MRI performed and were analysed for the presence of moderate-to-severe ALTR.

Results:

60 hips (11%) were revised during the study period. The only variables found to be associated with revision surgery in patients with unilateral THA were VAS pain (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; p<0.001) and elevated cobalt metal ion levels (HR, 1.05; p<0.001). No variables assessed were found to be associated with prevalence of ALTR. Chromium concentrations were greater in female patients than males, while cobalt levels were similar between genders. Males reported higher HHS, EQ-5D and UCLA scores than females.

Conclusions:

Both males and females with metal-on-metal THA implants should be followed with equal vigilance as gender does not appear to be associated with poor outcomes, such as revision surgery and presence of ALTR.
Imaging of Impingement Syndromes around the Hip Joint
Authors: Vassalou Evangelia E. , Zibis Aristeidis H. , Klontzas Michail E. , Karantanas Apostolos H.
Published: June 2017

Impingement syndromes are increasingly recognised as significant causes of hip pain and dysfunction. A broad spectrum of intraarticular and extraarticular conditions has been implicated in their pathophysiology. Physical examination is often inconclusive as clinical findings may be unclear or misleading, often simulating other disorders. With current improvements in imaging techniques and better understanding of hip impingement related pathomechanisms, these entities can be accurately diagnosed. In addition, preoperative imaging has allowed for targeted treatment planning. This article provides an overview of the various types of hip impingement, including femoroacetabular impingement, ischiofemoral impingement, snapping hip syndrome, greater trochanteric-pelvic and subspine impingement. Current literature data regarding their pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and imaging work-up are discussed.
Bernard Shaw's Dionysian Trilogy: Reworkings of Gilbert Murray's Translation of Euripides's Bacchae in Major Barbara, Misalliance, and Heartbreak House
Authors: Gahan Peter
Published: June 2017

This article outlines how Bernard Shaw reworks elements from Gilbert Murray's translation of Euripides's Bacchae in Major Barbara (1905), Misalliance (1909/10), and Heartbreak House (1916/17), which taken together constitute a Dionysian trilogy. The article further proposes that the Greek example, and especially the Dionysian with its religious implications as propounded by Murray, was crucial to several aspects of Shaw's writing including his politics and economics of equality and his philosophy of a life force, while he himself represented the Dionysian zeitgeist socially, politically, and culturally for that younger generation soon to be decimated in the Great War. This Dionysian Shaw is recognized, as his contemporaries viewed him, as the leading figure in pre–World War I Britain of that first wave of literary modernism, whose impact has been obscured by the better known, perhaps more aesthetically radical, if more politically conservative postwar second wave.
Outcomes of involuntary psychiatric commitment: An integrative review
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed Hamdan , Grande Rizal Angelo Natoza , Alshammari Ghedeir M.
Published: June 2017

Psychiatric commitment has been a central subject in mental health care. It has been surrounded with ethical and legal issues basically focusing on individual’s autonomy and legal rights. This review aimed to explore the outcomes of psychiatric commitment on the lives of the individuals subject to this intervention despite these legal and ethical issues. Outcomes of involuntary commitment were leaning more towards its risks on individuals but poses benefits on health system and society. Therefore, more qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on benefits of psychiatric commitment are needed.
State Policy Priorities for Economic Security Provision among Processing Industries
Authors: Borisovich Melnikov Alexander , Viktorovna Snimshikova Irina , Ivanovich Trysyachny Vladimir , Agaverdievna Aydaeva Sakina , Valentinovich Rudenko Vladimir
Published: June 2017

The Russian specificity of processing industry functioning does not allow domestic products to compete on an equal basis with imported analogues, not only at external, but also at the domestic market, which makes a negative impact on the level of economic security. In this context, the harmonization of industrial and trade policies can be viewed as the combination of individual development institutions aimed at the search of external and internal sources of investment resources, as well as the development of import-substituting industrialization policy trends. The results of modeling using the modified Grossman-Helpman model demonstrate that the hypothesis about the dependence of import tariff rate on the strength of industrial lobby groups is not confirmed. Consequently, the tariff foreign trade policy of Russia is a fragmentary one and does not develop the unified principles and priorities for key processing industry support. In this regard, the main task is the development of universal tools that allow to increase the level of business entity adaptability to the increased volatility of endogenous and exogenous factors negatively influencing the level of economic security among industrial complexes.