bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosomes and Exosomal miRNA in Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Alipoor Shamila D. , Mortaz Esmaeil , Garssen Johan , Movassaghi Masoud , Mirsaeidi Mehdi , Adcock Ian M.
Published: September 2016

Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released from every cell in the body including those in the respiratory tract and lungs. They are found in most body fluids and contain a number of different biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and both mRNA and noncoding RNAs. Since they can release their contents, particularly miRNAs, to both neighboring and distal cells, they are considered important in cell-cell communication. Recent evidence has shown their possible importance in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. The differential expression of exosomes and of exosomal miRNAs in disease has driven their promise as biomarkers of disease enabling noninvasive clinical diagnosis in addition to their use as therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this area as applicable to pulmonary diseases.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routine Malaria Diagnosis at Ho Municipal Hospital
Authors: Osei-Yeboah James , Kwame Norgbe Gameli , Yao Lokpo Sylvester , Khadijah Kinansua Mohammed , Nettey Loverage , Allotey Emmanuel Alote
Published: September 2016

Differences in quality performance score had been reported for the routinely used diagnostic methods for malaria at different settings. There is therefore a need to evaluate the test performance of the routine diagnostic methods for malaria detection in Ho, a setting with no recorded quality evaluation on malaria diagnosis. The hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted comprising 299 outpatients. Patients were first seen and presumptively diagnosed with malaria by a clinician and were referred to the laboratory for confirmation (microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test). The performance analysis included sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), weighted kappa, Youden index, andpvalue. Out of the 299 patients, 221 patients were positive by presumptive diagnosis, 35 were positive by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), and 25 were positive by microscopy. Using microscopy as the gold standard, RDT had sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 92.73%, whilst presumptive diagnosis had a sensitivity of 70.83% and specificity of 25.82%. The RDT recorded ROC of 0.697 withpvalue of 0.0001. The presumptive diagnosis recorded ROC of 0.506 withpvalue of 0.7304. Though none of the test methods evaluated over the gold standard achieved the WHO recommended diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the RDT achieved an acceptable agreement with the gold standard.
Certain Properties of Some Families of Generalized Starlike Functions with respect toq-Calculus
Authors: Wongsaijai Ben , Sukantamala Nattakorn
Published: September 2016

By making use of the concept ofq-calculus, various types of generalized starlike functions of orderαwere introduced and studied from different viewpoints. In this paper, we investigate the relation between various former types ofq-starlike functions of orderα. We also introduce and study a new subclass ofq-starlike functions of orderα. Moreover, we give some properties of thoseq-starlike functions with negative coefficient including the radius of univalency and starlikeness. Some illustrative examples are provided to verify the theoretical results in case of negative coefficient functions class.
Altered Left Ventricular Ion Channel Transcriptome in a High-Fat-Fed Rat Model of Obesity: Insight into Obesity-Induced Arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Ashrafi Reza , Yon Marianne , Pickavance Lucy , Yanni Gerges Joseph , Davis Gershan , Wilding John , Jian Kun , Zhang Henggui , Hart George , Boyett Mark
Published: September 2016

Introduction. Obesity is increasingly common and is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to see whether in obesity there is proarrhythmic gene expression of ventricular ion channels and related molecules.Methods and Results. Rats were fed on a high-fat diet and compared to control rats on a normal diet (n=8). After 8 weeks, rats on the high-fat diet showed significantly greater weight gain and higher adiposity. Left ventricle samples were removed at 8 weeks and mRNA expression of ion channels and other molecules was measured using qPCR. Obese rats had significant upregulation ofCav1.2, HCN4,Kir2.1, RYR2, NCX1, SERCA2a, and RYR2 mRNA and downregulation of ERG mRNA. In the case of HCN4, it was confirmed that there was a significant increase in protein expression. The potential effects of the mRNA changes on the ventricular action potential and intracellular Ca2+transient were predicted using computer modelling. Modelling predicted prolongation of the ventricular action potential and an increase in the intracellular Ca2+transient, both of which would be expected to be arrhythmogenic.Conclusion. High-fat diet causing obesity results in arrhythmogenic cardiac gene expression of ion channels and related molecules.
Dynamic Behaviours of a Single Soft Rock-Socketed Shaft Subjected to Axial Cyclic Loading
Authors: Zhang Ben-jiao , Huang Bin , Mei Can , Fu Xu-dong , Luo Gang , Yang Zhi-jun
Published: September 2016

The soft rock was simulated by cement, plaster, sand, water, and concrete hardening accelerator in this paper. Meanwhile, uniaxial compressive strength tests and triaxial compression tests were conducted to study the mechanical properties of simulated soft rock samples. Model tests on a single pile socketed in simulated soft rock under axial cyclic loading were conducted by using a device which combined test apparatus with a GCTS dynamic triaxial system. Test results show that the optimal mix ratio is cement : plaster : medium sand : water : concrete hardening accelerator = 4.5% : 5.0% : 84.71% : 4.75% : 1.04%. The static load ratio (SLR), cyclic load ratio (CLR), and the number of cycles affect the accumulated deformation and cyclic secant modulus of the pile head. The accumulated deformation increases with increasing numbers of cycles. However, the cyclic secant modulus of pile head increases and then decreases with the growth in the number of cycles and finally remains stable after 50 cycles. According to the test results, the development of accumulated settlement was analysed. Finally, an empirical formula for accumulated settlement, considering the effects of the number of cycles, the static load ratio, the cyclic load ratio, and the uniaxial compressive strength, is proposed which can be used for feasibility studies or preliminary design of pile foundations on soft rock subjected to traffic loading.
Sjögren’s Syndrome Complicated by Myeloid/Natural Killer Cell Precursor Acute Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Feng Hao , Qiao Jianlin , Ding Ningning , Chen Wei , Qi Kunming , Pan Xiuying , Cao Jiang , Xu Kailin
Published: September 2016

We report a case of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) complicated by myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (M/NKPAL). A 75-year-old woman with a previous SS history for 2 years was routinely treated. Peripheral blood progenitor cells were increased, and subsequent bone marrow cell morphology examination showed the presence of acute myeloid leukemia type M4. However, flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD7/CD56/CD33/CD34/HLA-DR/cCD3 were all positive and myeloperoxidase- (MPO-) specific staining, other T cells, NK cells, and myeloid markers were all negative. Clonal T-cell receptor (TCR)β/TCRγ/TCRδgene rearrangements and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were negative. The diagnosis of M/NKPAL was therefore confirmed. Unfortunately, this patient did not receive chemotherapy and later died of acute left heart failure and respiratory failure. SS complication with M/NKPAL is relatively rare. Combined with the relevant literatures, our study offers new insights into the clinical characteristics, pathological features, possible pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of this rare disease.
Sufficiency and Duality for Multiobjective Programming under New Invexity
Authors: Zheng Yingchun , Gao Xiaoyan
Published: September 2016

A class of multiobjective programming problems including inequality constraints is considered. To this aim, some new concepts of generalizedF,P-type I andF,P-type II functions are introduced in the differentiable assumption by using the sublinear functionF. These new functions are used to establish and prove the sufficient optimality conditions for weak efficiency or efficiency of the multiobjective programming problems. Moreover, two kinds of dual models are formulated. The weak dual, strong dual, and strict converse dual results are obtained under the aforesaid functions.
Senior Dance Experience, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Volume in Older Women
Authors: Niemann Claudia , Godde Ben , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia
Published: September 2016

Physical activity is positively related to cognitive functioning and brain volume in older adults. Interestingly, different types of physical activity vary in their effects on cognition and on the brain. For example, dancing has become an interesting topic in aging research, as it is a popular leisure activity among older adults, involving cardiovascular and motor fitness dimensions that can be positively related to cognition. However, studies on brain structure are missing. In this study, we tested the association of long-term senior dance experience with cognitive performance and gray matter brain volume in older women aged 65 to 82 years. We compared nonprofessional senior dancers (n=28) with nonsedentary control group participants without any dancing experience (n=29), who were similar in age, education, IQ score, lifestyle and health factors, and fitness level. Differences neither in the four tested cognitive domains (executive control, perceptual speed, episodic memory, and long-term memory) nor in brain volume (VBM whole-brain analysis, region-of-interest analysis of the hippocampus) were observed. Results indicate that moderate dancing activity (1-2 times per week, on average) has no additional effects on gray matter volume and cognitive functioning when a certain lifestyle or physical activity and fitness level are reached.
Trends in Transient Ischemic Attack Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Ramirez Lucas , Kim‐Tenser May A. , Sanossian Nerses , Cen Steven , Wen Ge , He Shuhan , Mack William J. , Towfighi Amytis
Published: September 2016

Background

Transient ischemic attack (
TIA
) is a major predictor of subsequent stroke. No study has assessed nation‐wide trends in hospitalization for
TIA
in the United States.

Methods and Results

Temporal trends in hospitalization for
TIA
(International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 435.0–435.9) from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among adults aged ≥25 years using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Age‐, sex‐, and race/ethnic‐specific
TIA
hospitalization rates were calculated using the weighted number of hospitalizations as the numerator and the
US
population as the denominator. Age‐adjusted rates were standardized to the 2000
US
Census population. From 2000 to 2010, age‐adjusted
TIA
hospitalization rates decreased from 118 to 83 per 100 000 (overall rate reduction, −29.7%). Age‐specific
TIA
hospitalization rates increased for individuals aged 24 to 44 years (10–11 per 100 000), but decreased for individuals aged 45 to 64 (74 to 65 per 100 000), 65 to 84 (398 to 245 per 100 000), and ≥85 years (900 to 619 per 100 000). Blacks had the highest age‐adjusted yearly hospitalization rates, followed by Hispanics and whites (124, 82, and 67 per 100 000 in 2010). Rates slightly increased for blacks, but decreased for Hispanics and whites. Compared to women, age‐adjusted
TIA
hospitalization rates were lower and declined more steeply in men (132 to 89 per 100 000 versus 134 to 97 per 100 000).

Conclusions

Although overall
TIA
hospitalizations have decreased in the United States, the reduction has been more pronounced among older individuals, men, whites, and Hispanics. These findings highlight the need to target risk‐factor control among women, blacks, and individuals aged <45 years.
BubR1 Insufficiency Results in Decreased Macrophage Proliferation and Attenuated Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Tanaka Shinichi , Matsumoto Takuya , Matsubara Yutaka , Harada Yui , Kyuragi Ryoichi , Koga Jun‐ichiro , Egashira Kensuke , Nakashima Yutaka , Yonemitsu Yoshikazu , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: September 2016

Background

Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole‐related 1 (BubR1), a cell cycle–related protein, is an essential component of the spindle checkpoint that regulates cell division. BubR1 insufficiency causes early aging‐associated vascular phenotypes. We generated low‐
BubR1
‐expressing mutant (
BubR1

L/L

) and apolipoprotein E‐deficient (
ApoE

−/−

) mice (
BubR1

L/L

‐ApoE

−/−

mice) to investigate the effects of BubR1 on atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

Eight‐week‐old male
BubR1

L/L

‐ApoE

−/−

mice and age‐matched
ApoE

−/−

mice were used in this study. Atherosclerotic lesion development after being fed a high‐cholesterol diet for 12 weeks was inhibited in
BubR1

L/L

‐ApoE

−/−

mice compared with
ApoE

−/−

mice, and was accompanied by decreased accumulation of macrophages. To address the relative contribution of BubR1 on bone marrow–derived cells compared with non‐bone marrow–derived cells, we performed bone marrow transplantation in
ApoE

−/−

and
BubR1

L/L

‐ApoE

−/−

mice. Decreased BubR1 in bone marrow cells and non‐bone marrow–derived cells decreased the atherosclerotic burden. In vitro assays indicated that decreased BubR1 expression impaired proliferation, but not migration, of bone marrow–derived macrophages.

Conclusions

BubR1 may represent a promising new target for regulating atherosclerosis.
Rat Kidney Cancers Determined by Dietary Ochratoxin A in the First Year of Life
Authors: Mantle Peter
Published: September 2016

An experiment to explore renal carcinogenic efficacy of male rat exposure to dietary ochratoxin A (OTA) only in the first year of life has been made in comparison to lifetime exposure. Ten months exposure to OTA at 300 μg/kg b.w. was sufficient to cause high incidence of tumours which became apparent clinically after a latency of up to a year. As a putative model for human kidney cancer, the study shows a silent organ-specific carcinogenic effect through protracted exposure up to middle age and focused probably on very few nephrons. So far, tumourigenesis has not been recognised until in the last quarter of natural rat life, but for OTA, rat renal carcinogenesis requires both long exposure and only during the first year of normal longevity. The present findings offer an experimental framework within which systematic histopathology during tumourigenesis might show whether findings of mechanistic studies in key focal neoplasms can reasonably be applied to OTA as a putative renal carcinogen for idiopathic kidney cancer in humans. Already, the rat tumours mimic those occurring spontaneously in the Eker rat, and there is disparity between the large necessary OTA exposure in the rat and the trace amounts of OTA consumed by humans. In all such complex considerations it is important to adhere rigorously to established principles of disease epidemiology.
Screening Methods for Identification of the Target Group Autism Spectrum For Special Education Teachers and Psychologists
Authors: Sorokin A.B. , Zotova M.A. , Korovina N.Y.
Published: September 2016

We present three screening instruments which can be used by special education teachers and psychologists for assessment of children who may belong to the intervention target group “autism spectrum”. Two of these instruments (Social Communication Questionnaire and Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorders) are parent/caregiver questionnaires and one (Autism Mental Status Exam) is a short observation schedule. All three methods were used with 132 children with conditions associated with autism spectrum, other developmental conditions, as well as typically developing children. Correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.7 to 0.82 for the pairwise comparison of the three overall scores. They provide evidence for significant convergent validity of the methods. The article discusses the strong sides of every instrument that professionals may find useful when choosing instruments for their diagnostic toolbox.
Development of Experimental Protocol for Visual Cognitive Function Evaluation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Pereverzeva D.S. , Gorbachevskaya N.L. , Blagovechtchenski E.D.
Published: September 2016

The article aims to present experimental protocol for investigation of visual cognitive function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Description of experimental design is introduced by theoretical review of visual attention, perception and visual-motor control development in children with idiopathic autism and those with Fragile X mental retardation syndrome. Research method presented in the article is based on recent studies of visual cognitive function development under normal and pathological condition. The protocol includes three experimental paradigms: “antisaccade test”, “big/ figures”, and “photos test” performed by making use of eye tracking recording.
This work was supported by grant RFBR 14-06-31284
Patterns of EEG Activity in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Zhukova M.
Published: September 2016

The article reviews most recent findings on neural activity in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Most of the studies demonstrate decreased connectivity in cortical regions, excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and atypical processing of language in people with ASD. It is argued that difficulties in semantic integration are connected to selective insensitivity to language, which is manifested in atypical N400 ERP component. In the article we analyze the data suggesting a strong relationship between ASD and epilepsy and argue that the comorbidity is more prevalent among individuals who have cognitive dysfunction. The EEG profile of people with ASD suggests U-shaped alterations with excess in high- and low-frequency EEG bands. We critically analyze the “broken mirror” hypothesis of ASD and demonstrate findings which challenge this theory.
Promoting Speech Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Study
Authors: Pervushina O.N. , Trubitsyna A.N. , Kondratyeva N.G. , Pliskovskaya E.N.
Published: September 2016

The paper describes a series of behavioral interventions carried out by the staff of the interdisciplinary Center of Applied Behavioral Analysis of the Novosibirsk State University and aimed at teaching verbal operants to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The paper analyzes how the children acquire verbal behaviors of mands (demands), echoics (imitations), tacts (naming or labelling) and intraverbals (conversations), as well as provides descriptions of trainings.
Visual Support in Children with Autism Spectrum Development as a Tool for Changing Problem Behavior
Authors: Kolpakova L.O.
Published: September 2016

The paper presents data of observations made in a group of 10 children with autism spectrum disorder aged 5-8 years experiencing behavioral problems and difficulties with communication and social interaction. A behavioral intervention was carried out in the group basing on the principles of applied behavioral analysis (ABA). Following the primary test and with accordance to the parents’ requests, a team of specialists worked over the period of six months attempting to change problem behaviors and to compensate for academic deficiencies in the children. Each day the specialists along with the parents collected data and introduced necessary corrections into the intervention plans. Since all children in the group could barely understand speech and had much difficulty with communication, one of the core methods employed in the work was visual support which became a basic element in every technique applied. Applying visual supports in education settings as well as at home contributed much to the compensation of the difficulties related to speech understanding and helped decrease the level of anxiety in the children, which, in turn, resulted in an apparent decline in problem behavior and faster progress in the acquisition of academic skills.
The Continuity and the Culture Change of Pesantren in South Sumatra
Authors: Munir Munir
Published: September 2016

This article entitled culture of pesantren (madrasah boarding schools) in South Sumatra. This article is the result of research in Pesantren Nurul Islam Ogan Ilir South Sumatra. It is based on the fact that many pesantren graduation create academicians from the Kiayi or Ulama. Therefore, this paper describe the characteristics of the culture of madrasah schools from anthropology-sociology aspects of education, with a phenomenological approach to research subjects are madrasah chairman, board of teachers, students and community supporters. The data collection techniques used documentation study, observation and in-depth interviews, and analysis of data using qualitative descriptive, with triangulation and contrasting techniques. Applying local knowledge systems in boarding school curriculum and integrated with Madrasah boarding school curriculum. Orientation discipline tends towards positive law than the laws of Personality Syara’. Clothing the students follow a uniform generally used in madrasah. For students wear clothes instead of the veil of windings. Artistic activities undertaken include: litany, muhad Barzanji, Tilawah al-Qur’an, calligraphy, and drum band. Artikel berjudul budaya pesantren (sekolah berasrama madrasah) di Sumatera Selatan. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian di Pesantren Nurul Islam Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. Hal ini didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa banyak lulusan pesantren melahirkan akademisi dari kiayi atau Ulama. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini menggambarkan karakteristik budaya dari sekolah madrasah dari aspek antropologi-sosiologi pendidikan, dengan pendekatan fenomenologis dengan subyek penelitian kepala madrasah, dewan guru, siswa dan masyarakat sekitar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan studi dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara mendalam, dan analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan triangulasi dan teknik kontras. Menerapkan sistem pengetahuan lokal dalam kurikulum pesantren dan terintegrasi dengan kurikulum sekolah berasrama Madrasah. Orientasi disiplin cenderung ke arah hukum positif dari hukum-hukum syara'. Pakaian para siswa mengikuti seragam pada umumnya yang digunakan di madrasah. Untuk siswa memakai pakaian bukan kain. Kegiatan seni yang dilakukan antara lain: litany, muhad Barzanji, Tilawah al-Qur'an, kaligrafi, dan drum band.
A Multi Scale Feature Extraction Approach to Improve Land Use Land Cover Classification Accuracy using IRS LISS IV Imagery
Authors: Ganguly Kuntal , Modi Mohit , Raj Saxena Manoj , Bharadwaj Ravali , Vijayan V. Divya , Kumar Rajiv , Ravi Shankar G. , Ravi Shankar T. , Bhanumurthy V. , Krishna Murthy Y.V.N.
Published: September 2016

The study presents an approach to map Land Use / Land Cover Change (LULCC) at large scale and processing techniques that permit higher accuracy. IRS RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-IV images of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh were used to apply the classification technique. In multi-scale feature extraction approach LULCC takes two forms i.e. conversion from one category of LULCC to another and modification of condition within a category. Thus, major LULCC classes were extracted using object based approach and uncertain classes were identified using onscreen knowledge based method. The results showed in 2009, the accuracy of cropland, water body and built-up segments were 99.3%, 94.79% and 89.72%, respectively, whereas, in 2013 the accuracies were 94.31%, 88.26% and 81.20%, respectively. Hence, this classification approach can be useful in different landscape structure over the time, which can be quantified and assessed to achieve a better understanding of the land cover.
Ludicidade e formação da criança no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Bonfim Patrícia Vieira , Pereira Lucia Helena Pena
Published: September 2016

No intuito de analisar os desafios enfrentados pela criança de seis anos ao ingressar no Ensino Fundamental, este artigo apresenta alguns dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em escolas públicas de uma cidade mineira. O referencial teórico baseou-se em literatura que considera as atividades lúdicas como aquelas que possibilitam o envolvimento pleno e criativo da criança, favorecendo o seu desenvolvimento integral. Os resultados permitiram apontar que o brincar e o aprender são vistos como ações opostas na escola; há muitas dúvidas da comunidade quanto à ampliação do ensino obrigatório brasileiro e de como atuar nos anos iniciais, e que, cada vez mais, o lúdico tem ficado em plano secundário nas práticas pedagógicas.
Formação continuada do professor universitário: orientação de estágio com pesquisa
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia Chueire de , Berbel Neusi Aparecida Navas , Vasconcellos Maura Maria Morita
Published: September 2016

Este texto é um dos resultados da pesquisa A teoria e a prática da Metodologia da Problematização com o Arco de Maguerez: um processo em construção. O objetivo foi extrair lições da experiência de construir conhecimentos teórico-práticos da vivência dessa metodologia em estágio curricular do Curso de Pedagogia. Entre os conhecimentos gerados, houve a preocupação de destacar os componentes de formação continuada da equipe de docentes envolvidas. O processo registrado pelas supervisoras / pesquisadoras, decorrente das observações e discussões, e os relatórios de estágio dos alunos formaram o conjunto de informações tratado na pesquisa, de cunho exploratório-descritivo. Como resultado, as lições extraídas confirmam a viabilidade de desenvolvimento do processo de ensino com pesquisa em cursos de graduação, a importância do papel da supervisão permanente, intencional e sistematizada no estágio e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de trabalhos com a Metodologia da Problematização como alternativa efetiva para os objetivos de estágio, para o propósito de formar o professor-pesquisador e para a formação continuada do docente do ensino superior.
Cansadas de esperar Godot quebramos os espelhos
Authors: Pérez Carmen Lúcia Vidal , Alves Luciana Pires
Published: September 2016

As práticas pedagógicas disseminadas no cotidiano escolar respondem/correspondem a uma concepção de cognição que expulsa dos bancos escolares a imaginação, o rememorar, a herança cultural e os modos de fazer de todos aqueles que não se limitam a quantificar e ou pensar de forma a classificar, segregar, separar e ordenar o conhecimento. O modelo cognitivo escolar deixa de fora possibilidades de conhecer de diferentes grupos sociais que beberam em outra tradição, desprezando suas formas de aprender, colocando a margem outros conhecimentos e outros processos cognitivos. A busca por práticas pedagógicas mais justas dá visibilidade à injustiça cognitiva, que se faz sentir na escola quando os sistemas de significação, os saberes e as práticas culturais são sufocados ou historicamente desvalorizados em nome do progresso ou de uma única forma de ser e estar no mundo. Questionar o modelo de conhecimento fundado na representação é questionar o fracasso da escola. Na pesquisa nos dobramos sobre as questões relativas à formulação de novas possibilidades para a ação educativa da escola a partir da revisão-ampliação do conceito de cognição, articulando-o a uma perspectiva político-epistemológica fundada na concepção de injustiças cognitiva.
Diferença, emancipação e conservação na educação ambiental
Authors: Leite Miriam , Lima Jacqueline
Published: September 2016

Em tempos de certezas deslizantes e identidades instáveis, chama a atenção a persistência da dicotomização das abordagens mais frequentes da educação ambiental, que tendem a se apresentar divididas entre tendências críticas/ emancipatórias e conservadoras/comportamentalistas. Tal demarcação se constitui em relação às diferentes filiações políticas e epistemológicas desse campo, que abriga uma ampla multiplicidade de entendimentos sobre sociedade, ambiente e natureza. No entanto, a pesquisa sobre a EA escolar vem apontando o caráter reducionista dessa classificação, na medida em que expõe o hibridismo que, com frequência, marca os discursos docentes. Neste artigo, que se constrói na interseção de duas pesquisas sobre a educação escolar, exploramos possibilidades de desestabilização de tal binarismo, por proposições do pensamento da diferença, com destaque para a perspectiva pós-marxista da teoria do discurso, conforme desenvolvida pelos cientistas políticos Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe. Interessam particularmente suas discussões acerca das noções de diferença, articulação e emancipação, pelas questões que trazem ao paradigma epistemológico fundacionalista que sustenta as abordagens que pretendemos problematizar.
Conversações com adolescentes na escola: bullying ou mal estar nas relações?
Authors: Coutinho Luciana Gageiro , Oliveira Bruna Osorio
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa sobre a adolescência e o laço social, mais especificamente, sobre os adolescentes e o laço educativo nos contextos contemporâneos. Nosso trabalho de campo foi orientado pelo método da pesquisaintervenção, no qual realizamos grupos de conversação com alunos e professores de uma escola da rede pública situada no município de Niterói. Neste artigo, centramos nossa análise no material proveniente dos grupos de conversação com adolescentes do 8º e 9º ano, refletindo sobre os laços sociais estabelecidos no universo escolar, levando em conta questões pertinentes ao contexto sociocultural mais amplo. A presença da violência e da intimidação constante nas relações entre os alunos, bem como entre alunos e professores, nos leva a questionar o conceito de “bullying”, tal como vem sendo eminentemente propagado no campo acadêmico e midiático. Em contraposição, trazemos para essa discussão, sustentada no âmbito de um diálogo das ciências sociais com a psicanálise, o enfraquecimento da palavra e dos pactos nas relações sociais contemporâneas, o que se reflete em relações sociais sempre tensas e em diversas manifestações de violência nas escolas.
Improvement of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. var. Isd. 39) using gamma irradiation and large scale plantlet production from M1 generation through in vitro culture
Authors: Akter Shamima , Alam N , Roy PK
Published: September 2016

The present study was aimed to develop mutant sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. var. Isd. 39) using gamma radiation followed by regeneration of those mutants through in vitro technique. Five different doses of gamma radiation (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy) were applied to the sugarcane setts and among these doses 10 Gy irradiated mutant sugarcane showed the best agronomical traits. In addition, 10 Gy irradiated mutant sugarcane also contained higher sugar concentrations (14.25%) compared to control (14.23%). On the other hand, shoot tip and young folded leaf segments from the 10 Gy irradiated plants (M1 generation) were used as explants in in vitro culture. It was evident from the experiment that direct shoot regeneration was better than indirect regeneration. Young leaf segments produced the highest percentage (84%) of shoots when cultured on MS+1.0 mg/l Kin + 0.2 mg/l NAA. The mean number of shoots was recorded as 35 ± 1.12 in the same medium. Moreover, addition of 4% sucrose and 10% coconut water (CW) in the same medium increased the number of shoot up to 45 per culture. Best rooting was obtained from shoots cultured on half-strength of MS fortified with 1.0mg/l NAA and 0.5mg/l IBA. Well-rooted plantlets were transferred to poly bag containing soil and compost (2:1) for hardening. During hardening 70% plantlets survived, which were subsequently transferred to the experimental field.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 1-9, 2016 (June)
Forensically important insects associated with the decomposition of mice carrion in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Maidul , Hossain Asma , Mostafa Md Golam , Hossain Md Monwar
Published: September 2016

Investigations on the incidence, abundance and succession of some forensically important insects associated with mammalian carrion and their role in the decomposition of the carrion were carried out in Jahangirnagar University campus, Savar, Bangladesh. A total of twelve insect species under ten insect families belonging three orders were collected and identified during this study. The ten families viz Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Piophilidae, Sarcophagidae under the order of Diptera, the family Formicidae under the order of Hymenoptera and Silphidae, Cleridae, Histeridae and Dermestidae under the order of Coleoptera were found in mice carrion. The most abundant insects were Formicidae (55.5%) followed by Muscidae (21. 21%) and Calliphoridae (10.3%). They appeared at the first stage but Dermestidae was recorded at the last stage of decomposition of the carcass. This study on mice/mammalian system could be followed by researchers and might contribute to the medico-legal purposes as well as could impart knowledge to develop a biomonitoring model in Bangladesh.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 11-20, 2016 (June)
Floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Sitakunda Ecopark, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Anwarul , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Hossain Gazi Mosharof
Published: September 2016

The present study dealt with the exploration and documentation of the floristic composition and phyto-diversity of Sitakunda Eco-park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 412 vascular plant species under 315 genera belonging to 94 plant families have been recorded from the study area during February, 2013 to April, 2015. Out of these recorded taxa, 330 were dicotyledons, 62 were monocotyledons, 5 were gymnosperms and 15 were pteridophytes. Among those, the maximum 144 species belonged to herbs followed by 138, 75 and 55 species as trees, shrubs and climbers, respectively. The species composition among the plant families varied in plant groups. In dicotyledonous group, Euphorbiaceae appeared to be the largest family with 35 species, whereas Poaceae showed the largest family containing 30 species among monocotyledonous group. The highest values of both Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices have been observed as 3.82 and 0.98, respectively to site D during monsoon season, whereas the lowest values 3.19 and 0.95, respectively of these indices were recorded in site A during summer season.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 29-45, 2016 (June)
Phytochemical screening of three medicinally important epiphytic orchids of Bangladesh
Authors: Marjoka A , Alam O , Huda MK
Published: September 2016

Abstract not availableJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 95-99, 2016 (June)
Consumption of hogplum (Spondias mangifera) leaflet by immature and adult stages of hogplum beetle (Podontia 14-punctata L) under laboratory condition
Authors: Khan MMh
Published: September 2016

Abstract not availableJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 101-104, 2016 (June)
Epigenetics and Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Xu Wenyi , Wang Fengzhong , Yu Zhongsheng , Xin Fengjiao
Published: September 2016

Living eukaryotic systems evolve delicate cellular mechanisms for responding to various environmental signals. Among them, epigenetic machinery (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, etc.) is the hub in transducing external stimuli into transcriptional response. Emerging evidence reveals the concept that epigenetic signatures are essential for the proper maintenance of cellular metabolism. On the other hand, the metabolite, a main environmental input, can also influence the processing of epigenetic memory. Here, we summarize the recent research progress in the epigenetic regulation of cellular metabolism and discuss how the dysfunction of epigenetic machineries influences the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity; then, we focus on discussing the notion that manipulating metabolites, the fuel of cell metabolism, can function as a strategy for interfering epigenetic machinery and its related disease progression as well.
The Role of Positive Affect in Enhancing Extinction Learning and Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Zbozinek Tomislav D. , Craske Michelle G.
Published: September 2016

Although exposure is a valid treatment for anxiety disorders, efforts are being made to improve its overall effectiveness. The present article discusses one potential method of optimizing extinction learning and exposure therapy: increasing positive affect. The effect of positive affect on learning is discussed in regards to various components of learning, including attention, encoding, rehearsal, consolidation, retrieval, and stimulus valence. These effects are then discussed specifically with extinction learning and exposure therapy. The authors conclude that increasing positive affect during exposures may enhance exposure therapy via various these learning mechanisms but that this awaits further testing.
Fears of Positive versus Negative Evaluation: Distinct and Conjoint Neuroendocrine, Emotional, and Cardiovascular Responses to Social Threat
Authors: Weeks Justin W. , Zoccola Peggy M.
Published: September 2016

Fear of evaluation in general is important in social anxiety, including fear of positive evaluation (FPE) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE). The present study examined various FPE- and FNE-associated state responses (i.e., affective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine) to an impromptu speech task which integrated simultaneous and systematic delivery of positive and negative social threat cues (n = 100 [unselected]). Both FPE and FNE related positively to state anxiety and heart rate changes from anticipation of the speech to during the speech itself, and these effects were partly conjoint and partly unique. Furthermore, high FPE alone was associated with dampened cortisol in response to the speech task in contrast to a more normative, robust response to social threat. Last, consistent with hypothesis and prior findings, state anxiety during the speech mediated the relationship between trait FPE and state disqualification of positive social outcomes (a mental safety behavior for FPE-related state anxiety). These results further inform upon the commonalities and distinctions between these two socio-evaluative fears. Implications for the theoretical conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety are discussed.
Conventionalized Metaphors in Jordanian Colloquial Arabic: Case Study: Metaphors on Body Parts
Authors: Al-Ramahi Ra'ed Awad
Published: September 2016

Jordanian colloquial Arabic is rich with conventionalized metaphorical expressions. Indeed, these expressions make a high percentage in the daily speech of Jordanians. Though these expressions are metaphorically structured, their metaphorical sense has been lost for their wide literal use. This study aims at bringing an analysis to metaphors of body parts, which have become routinely used expressions in Jordanian colloquial Arabic. In addition, the study explores the impact of such metaphors on the effectiveness of social communication. The study is based on Lakoff and Johnson's view of metaphor as part of everyday speech. Lakoff and Johnson reveal that metaphors are part of our everyday speech. In fact, conventionalized metaphors are metaphors that have become part of our conventionalknowledge of Arabic.
Payment Persistence of Participants in Turkish Private Pension Scheme and Gender Differences
Authors: Yildiz Yilmaz , Arslan-Ayaydin Ozgur , Karan Mehmet Baha
Published: September 2016

By considering the gender differences, this paper investigates the impacts of socioeconomic and demographic attributes on the persistence of individuals’ payments to their own private pension schemes. With separating the individuals according to their genders, we study totally 6,025 participants from 2004 to 2012. For men, it is found that amount of payment, age, marital status, education, being located in the industrial and financial center of Turkey, higher risk tolerance and total period remained in the system are all positively associated with the likelihood of being a persistent payer. For women, the findings for all the attributes align to those for men except for the marital status and being located in the industrial and financial center of Turkey. Overall, our results are plausible for financial institutions and policy makers that are typically sensitive to the payment persistence of the participants to the private pension schemes.
Customer Segmentation of Bank Based on Discovering of Their Transactional Relation by Using Data ‎Mining Algorithms‎
Authors: Shokrgozar Neda , Sobhani Farzad Movahedi
Published: September 2016

In this research, based on financial transactions between bank customers which extracted from bank’s databases we have developed the relational transaction graph and customer’s transactional communication network has been created. Furthermore, using data mining algorithms and evaluation parameters in social network concepts lead us for segmenting of bank customers. The main goal in this research is bank customer’s segmentation by discovering the transactional relationship between them in order to deliver some specified solutions in benefit of some policy about customers equality in banking system; in other words improvement of customer relationship management to determination of strategies and business risk management are the main concept of this research. By evaluation of Customer segments, banking system will consider more efficient and crucial factors in decision process to estimate more accurate credential of each group of customers and will grant more appropriate types and amount of loan services to them therefore it is expected these solutions will reduce the risk of loan service in banks.
A Model to Determine Optimal Composition of Production to Obtain Maximum Profit & Reduce Overhead Costs by Linear Programming
Authors: Hamdollahzadeh Ali , Firouzabadi Kamran Jamali
Published: September 2016

There are many factors which put emphasize on the importance of  developing pharmaceutical industry such as human health, reduced rate of using medicines, improve healthcare to global level, influence of pharmaceutical industry on  exchange market, creating job and etc. Growing improvements in production systems, appearance of mechanized systems and dynamic commercial markets have highlighted the requirements of planning. This study aims to provide a model for defining the optimal composition of production in Sobhan Darou Pharmaceutical Company to obtain maximum profits and reduce overhead costs by linear programming. Lingo application is applied to reach mentioned goals. The results showed that a mathematical planning model can be used to determine minimum of total costs and inventory control strategy. Using linear programming we can take into account all perceptible and imperceptible factors to have a choice, while output models only consider quantitative values. Another advantage of leaner programming is that it can calculate production weight and rate with a systematic method which increases the efficiency and helps to have a proper choice.
Responses of fish and invertebrates to floods and droughts in Europe
Authors: Piniewski M. , Prudhomme C. , Acreman M. C. , Tylec L. , Oglęcki P. , Okruszko T.
Published: September 2016

Floods and droughts, two opposite natural components of streamflow regimes, are known to regulate population size and species diversity. Quantifiable measures of these disturbances and their subsequent ecological responses are needed to synthesize the knowledge on flow–ecosystem relationships. This study for the first time combines the systematic review approach used to collect evidence on the ecological responses to floods and droughts in Europe with the statistical methods used to quantify the extreme events severity. Out of 854 publications identified in literature search, 54 papers were retained after screening and eligibility checks, providing in total 82 case studies with unique extreme event—ecological response associations for which data were extracted. In this way, a database with metadata of case studies that can be explored with respect to various factors was constructed. This study pinpointed the research gaps where little evidence could be synthesized, for example, drought event studies and fish studies. It was demonstrated that in many cases the studied metrics (abundance, density, richness, and diversity) showed statistically significant decreases after or during the event occurrence. The responses in invertebrate density and richness were in general more negative than the corresponding responses in fish. Biota resistance to floods was found to be lower than the resistance to droughts. The severity of extreme events was not found to be an important factor influencing ecological metrics, although this analysis was often hampered by insufficient number of case studies. Conceivably, other factors could mask any existing relationships between disturbance severity and biotic response.
Evaluation of Knee Pain in Athletes: A Radiologist's Perspective
Authors: Salati Umer , Doody Orla , Munk Peter L. , Torreggiani William
Published: September 2016

Lower limb injuries account for most of all injuries suffered by athletes and the knee joint accounts for over half of these. The etiology of knee pain is multifactorial; a good history focusing on the mechanism of injury and the chronicity of pain is extremely useful in correlating with radiologic findings and establishing a clinically meaningful diagnosis. This review article will discuss several important and common causes of acute and chronic knee pain in athletes, focusing on their mechanism of injury and site of pain as well as their salient imaging findings.
Social Media and Value Creation: The Role of Interaction Satisfaction and Interaction Immersion
Authors: Hamilton Mitchell , Kaltcheva Velitchka D. , Rohm Andrew J.
Published: September 2016

This research examines the effects of social media brand–consumer interactions on three types of customer value: customer lifetime value (CLV), customer influencer value (CIV) and customer knowledge value (CKV). By examining the differential effects of consumers’ satisfaction and immersion with social-media brand interactions on CLV, CIV and CKV, the authors identify conditions under which interaction satisfaction and interaction immersion create value for brands. Results suggest that whereas interaction satisfaction positively influences both CLV and CIV, interaction immersion impacts both CIV and CKV. The authors identify social media strategies for brands related to interaction satisfaction and immersion that are based on the three types of customer value studied. The findings reported offer important managerial and theoretical implications with respect to the effects of discrete social media interactions on customer value creation.