bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Возможности применения ингибитора натрий- глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа
Authors: Агабабян И.Р. , Джаббарова Н.М.
Published: October 2024

Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) как один из факторов метаболического синдрома (МС) в настоящее время является наиболее распространенным заболеванием печени во всем мире. На сегодняшний день нет конкретной специфической медикаментозной терапии этого состояния, не разработана единая концепция лечения. В основном лечение направлено на терапию ведущих факторов риска. Первоначальное накопление триглицеридов в паренхиме печени при наличии воспалительных процессов, вызванных ожирением, митохондриальной дисфункции, липотоксичности, глюкозотоксичности и окислительного стресса может развиваться в неалкогольный стеатогепатит (НАСГ). Основная цель состоит в том, чтобы определить факторы, способствующие этой эволюции, поскольку нелеченый НАСГ может прогрессировать от фиброза до цирроза и в конечном итоге осложниться гепатоцеллюлярной карциномой (ГЦК). Несколько групп препаратов прошли клинические испытания для использования в качестве специфической терапии НАЖБП; большинство из них препараты, используемые для лечения сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД2), который является одним из основных факторов риска развития НАЖБП. Среди наиболее изученных агонисты PPAR-γ, так называемые тиазолидиндионы (пиоглита- зон), агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1 (аГПП-1Р), ингибиторы дипептидилпептидазы-4 (иДПП-4). На самом деле наиболее многообещающей категорией являются ингибиторы натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа (иНГКT2). Мы рассмотрим основные патогенетические механизмы, современные методы лечения НАЖБП, уделяя особое внимание использованию ингибиторов НГЛТ2.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as one of the factors of metabolic syndrome (MS), is currently the most common liver disease worldwide. Currently, no specific drug therapy for this condition has been developed; its treatment is based on the treatment of the main risk factors. The initial accumulation of triglycerides in the liver parenchyma, in the presence of inflammatory processes, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, glucose toxicity and oxidative stress, can progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The primary goal is to identify factors contributing to this evolution, as untreated NASH can progress from fibrosis to cirrhosis and ultimately be complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several groups of drugs have undergone clinical trials for use as specific therapies for NAFLD; most of them are drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is one of the main NAFLD risk factors. Among the most studied of them are PPAR-γ agonists, the so-called thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1R), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4). In fact, the most promising category is sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGCT2). We will consider the main pathogenetic mechanisms and modern methods of treating NAFLD, paying special attention to the use of SGLT2 inhibitors.
ELEKTRİK-ELEKTRONİK MÜHENDİSLERİ VE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÇOK DÜŞÜK FREKANSLI ELEKTROMANYETİK ALAN VE SAĞLIK ETKİLERİ HAKKINDAKİ DÜŞÜNCE VE DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kurt Hacıoğlu Dilek , Topbaş Murat , Beyhun Nazım Ercüment , Özen Nalan , Dilaver İrem
Published: October 2024

Elektrik alan ve manyetik alanın birleşimiyle oluşan elektromanyetik alana maruz kalmanın sağlık üzerine çok çeşitli etkileri söz konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, elektrik-elektronik mühendislerinin ve bu bölümde eğitim gören öğrencilerin, çok düşük frekanslı elektromanyetik alan (ÇDF-EMA)'nın insan sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri hakkındaki düşüncelerini, mevcut sağlık sorunları/semptomları ile ÇDF-EMA’yı nasıl ilişkilendirdiklerini ve ÇDF-EMA’ya neden olan cihazların kullanımı ile ilgili davranışlarını incelemektir. Katılımcıların %58,8’inin günlük hayatta elektromanyetik alana çok fazla maruz kaldıklarını düşündükleri ve %44,8’inin elektromanyetik alanların zararlı olduğu düşüncesiyle endişelendikleri tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık etkileri hakkındaki düşünceleri incelendiğinde, ÇDF-EMA’nın sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkisi olduğunu düşünenlerin oranı %40,8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Aktif çalışan mühendisler arasında ÇDF- EMA’nın sağlık üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğunu düşünenlerin oranı (%51,8), lisans ve lisansüstü öğrencileri arasında sağlık üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğunu düşünenlere göre (%39,4) istatistiksel açıdan önemli bir şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,008). Benzer şekilde, ikinci sınıf ve üstü öğrenciler arasında ÇDF-EMA’nın sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkileri olduğunu düşünenlerin oranı (%42,6) birinci sınıf öğrencilerine göre (%35,4) istatistiksel açıdan önemli bir şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,043). ÇDF-EMA’nın sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkileri olduğunu düşünenlerin ÇDF-EMA kaynağı cihazların kullanımına yönelik davranış puanları (21,7±3,7) ile etkisi olmadığını düşünenlerin puanları (21,8±3,7) arasında istatistiksel açıdan önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır (p=0,368). ÇDF-EMA’nın sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkileri olduğu düşüncesinin, ÇDF-EMA kaynağı cihazların kullanımına yönelik olumlu davranış üzerinde etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
The Dignity of Creation
Authors: Kimani Alice Watheri , Maina Florence Wangari , Kiboi John Michael
Published: October 2024

In cognizance of the effect of the influence of a dualistic view, that has influenced a simultaneous oppression of both nature and women, this research article suggests a turning of the gaze to an African women eco-theology. It constructs a methodology from the theological reflections of a social Trinitarian understanding of God, as seen in Jürgen Moltmann’s works, and incorporates animism to it as a way of reconciling all creation in unity with God. It appraises a recognition of the hierarchical nature of dualism in western thought forms, which contributes to an intertwined oppression of nature. It critiques a transcendental apathetic God, in response to ecological crisis; and affirms the African religious view of animism as a way of retrieving nature, to an active voice. In view of this, it offers a shift from dualist view of creation to an interconnected sacredness in order to accord dignity to the creation. The significance of the article will be to shift the attitudes of African Christians, from a dualistic worldview, towards creation
Evolution of public administration and its implication to management and business education
Authors: Kadakure Arthur , Twum-Darko Michael
Published: October 2024

The paper offers a thorough analysis of the historical development of public administration, aiming to gain deeper insights into the current challenges facing the discipline. Utilizing an evolutionary theoretical lens, the study sheds light on the transitional development of Public Administration (PA). Additionally, it discusses the New Public Administration (NPA) and its implications for the integrity of the public administration discipline. Through a comprehensive review of literature, the paper establishes that despite the logical progressions of public administration presented in literature, there is evidence of a recurring identity crisis within the discipline, with significant implications for business education. Furthermore, the paper proposes an ideal concept of a lesson on Public Administration based on current literature, while examining the notion of the dichotomy between political science and public administration. It also argues that the theoretical framework underpinning the development of public administration is likely to evolve due to the dynamic societal consciousness that shapes this discipline. Ultimately, the paper suggests a theoretical framework that may gain traction in management and business education by combining the founding principles of public administration with the contemporary emerging needs of a transitional industrial order.
Using Duolingo Application In Learning Vocabulary: A Descriptive Qualitative Study At The Fifth Grade Of An Elementary School In Sumedang
Authors: Sakina Rahma , Astuti Riyanti Sri
Published: October 2024

The use of technology in education, particularly in language learning, has become increasingly prevalent. Among the numerous language learning applications available, Duolingo has gained significant popularity. The research titled "Using Duolingo Application in Learning Vocabulary" aims to analyze students' perceptions and to investigate the benefits and challenges that students and teachers find using the Duolingo application in teaching and learning vocabulary. This research was conducted in the fifth grade of an elementary school in Sumedang and data were obtained from 18 students namely 10 females and 8 males. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, which used observation, questionnaires, and interviews as instruments. The findings show that students' perceptions of the use of the Duolingo application in vocabulary learning received a positive responses. The benefits of Duolingo were also identified (1) students can feel that motivation to learn English by using the Duolingo application, (2) students can learn new vocabulary after using the Duolingo application, (3) students find it easy to memorize and remember new vocabulary, and (4) students can use vocabulary in daily conversations. However, this research also revealed several challenges, such as a mismatch between the material taught at school and that in the Duolingo application, as well as limited access to technology such as laptops and speakers when used in class. The implications of this research show that, with appropriate adjustments and support, Duolingo can be an effective tool in improving students' English skills, especially vocabulary. Moreover, it demonstrates the need for improved technological infrastructure and alignment of learning materials.
INNOVATIVE COOLING OF MILK IN MOUNTAIN PASTURES
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, Baragunov Albert Bashirovich , Kudaev Zalimkhan Ruslanovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: October 2024

The article provides an overview of the bactericidal phases of fresh milk during storage at various temperature conditions. Milk is a valuable nutritious product. It contains all the nutrients necessary for the development of a living organism. However, milk is also an excellent nutrient medium for various microorganisms. The duration of the bactericidal phase depends on the number of bacteria in the milk, its storage temperature and the individual characteristics of the animals. A brief overview of the existing methods of cooling milk on dairy farms in the country is given. To cool the milk, coolers of various designs are used. The easiest way is to cool flasks of milk in pools with running tap water. Further, special coolers of various designs are used to cool the milk. They can be divided into two main groups. The first group includes irrigation coolers. In them, milk flows down the outer surface of the cooling sections, and water is supplied inside the section. The disadvantage of such coolers is that during cooling, the milk comes into contact with the surrounding air and is contaminated. The second group includes various closed coolers. The cooling rate of milk in coolers is much higher than in flasks. However, in all coolers, milk gives heat to the water through the cooler wall separating them. Therefore, the final temperature of the cooled milk is always 3 ... 4 0C higher than the temperature of the cooling water. In summer, the water temperature usually does not fall below 15 0C. The considered specifics of the dairy livestock of the dairy herd of cows are tied to the pasture lands of farms in the North Caucasus. On the territory of mountain pastures of Kabardino-Balkaria there are rivers and streams coming from glaciers with a temperature regime of 4 ... 6 0C. It is advisable to apply this factor in the cooling process we are considering. An innovative method of cooling and storing milk in mining conditions is proposed. A device for cooling milk based on the natural cold of mountain rivers and streams has been developed. A detailed description of the cooling device and the principle of its operation is given. The article provides links to research sources describing similar conditions for the production of cow's milk. In conclusion, data on the advantages of the proposed design of the cooling unit based on the low temperature of the mountain river and the energy of its flow are presented.
TREATMENT OF CALVES WITH ESCHERICHIOSIS
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Shevchenko Alexander Alekseevich , Chernykh Oleg Yuryevich ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Shevchenko Lyudmila Vasilyevna ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Morina Elena Nikolaevna ,   Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of testing treatment regimens for calves with escherichiosis. According to the scheme developed by us, Ringer-Locke solution was injected intravenously in an amount of 300 cm3, twice with an interval of 6 hours, to prevent dehydration of the body. Then 30 cm3 was injected intramuscularly, fractionally twice after 4 hours, after 24-48 hours, an anti-adhesive antitoxic serum against escherichiosis of farm animals was injected according to the instructions for use. Then the antibiotic enrofloxacin was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1 cm3 per 20 kg of animal weight once a day for 5 days. To normalize the intestinal microflora and prevent dysbiosis in calves, the probiotic "Bifitrilak MK" was used at a dose of 1 g. once a day together with feed for 10 days. In order to activate the natural immune response, the experimental calves were injected intramuscularly with the drug Immunofan at a dose of 1.0 cm3 three times with an interval of 24 hours. Then, to compensate for the deficiency of biologically active substances and normalize metabolism in the body of animals, the vitamin-amino acid complex "Vitam" was intramuscularly injected 3 cm3 per 10 kg of live weight 2 times a day for 5 days. The effectiveness of treatment of escherichiosis in calves was 90%.
THE EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON VETERINARY AND SANITARY QUALITIES OF POULTRY MEAT
Authors:   Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Volkov Renat Alievich , Galiullin Albert Kamilovich ,   Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Volkov Ali Kharisovich ,   Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

A study to determine the residual amount of the antibiotic tylosin in poultry meat was carried out by organoleptic, biochemical and physico-chemical parameters of slaughter products. It was found that the meat of birds of the experimental groups significantly differed from the meat of control birds in the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH). In the white muscles of birds containing tylosin in concentrations from 0.7 to 2.3 micrograms/g, 1.5-3 hours after slaughter, the amount of hydrogen ions was 6.11 ± 0.04, after 24 hours – 5.91 ± 0.03; in red muscles containing an antibiotic in an amount from 1.2 to 3.8 micrograms / g, 1.5-3 hours after slaughter, the pH was 6.36 ± 0.02, after 48 hours – 6.37 ± 0.04. The pH value of the extract of white muscles in the control group after 1.5-3 hours after slaughter was 5.88±0.03, after 24 hours -5.84±0.03, red muscles respectively -6.24±0.03 and 6.16±0.03. Thus, poultry meat, after their slaughter 48 hours after they receive an antibiotic, by the method of complete evisceration allows for the use of chicken meat as a food product without restriction. According to organoleptic parameters, the meat of the experimental birds did not differ from the meat of the control ones. It was well drained of blood. Boiled meat and broth had a pleasant aromatic smell, characteristic of poultry meat and broth. There were islands of fat on the surface of the broth.
THE METHOD OF SELECTING THE TUNING OPTION OF THE ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Denisov Alexander Sergeevich , Simakin Alexey Anatolyevich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Nosov Anton Olegovich ,   Inspection for Supervision of the Technical Condition of Self-Propelled Vehicles and Other Types of Equipment in the Saratov Region, Kondaurov Alexey Yurievich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

Improving the reliability of automotive engines is an important problem for the country's economy. Engine failures, due to wear, cause significant consumption of spare parts, complicate the operation of machines. The cost of overhaul of automotive engines is 70-80% of their cost, and the secondary resource is 30-40%. Over the entire service life of automotive engines, 5-6 times more money is spent on ensuring their operability than on manufacturing. Therefore, increasing the resource of automotive engines by improving lubrication processes is an urgent problem. One of the effective methods of ensuring the operability of machines is functional tuning. The paper defines it and shows the place of tuning in the system of ensuring the reliability of machines. The method of choosing the option of tuning the engine lubrication system is substantiated. The technique has been tested on specific variants: visual indicator, electronic indicator, hydraulic accumulator, oil pumping system, autonomous lubrication of TKR, oil level regulator, limit automatic. Based on the cost indicators of these options and the values of the relative increase in engine life that they provide, a methodology for choosing the best option for tuning the lubrication system has been developed.
MODEL OF PRODUCTIVITY OF WOODLANDS WITH A CONTINUOUS INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF CARBON IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   National Aerospace Agency of Azerbaijan, Tahmazov Tabriz
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the productivity of forests with a continuous increase in the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. The problem of investigating the possibility of extreme dependencies between some relative indicators of forest productivity, taking into account the known positive effect of CO2 on plant growth, is formulated and solved. An optimization problem of a variational type has been compiled and solved, the solution of which made it possible to conclude that there is an extremum of the integral of the newly introduced relative productivity indicator. The following conditions for the appearance of such an extreme are determined: The dependence of the relative index of phytomass in forests on the relative index of the growth of carbon content in the atmosphere in integral terms is constant, i.e. the integral of the function of the dependence of the relative index of phytomass on the changing value of the relative index of carbon content in the atmosphere is a constant value. This dependence is decreasing, i.e. with an increase in the relative carbon content in the atmosphere, a decrease in the relative value of phytomass in forests is observed.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ROD PRODUCTION FROM BIOHUMUS AS PART OF THE PROJECT VERMICULTURING
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Solovyov Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Bazganova Victoria Andreevna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Kolotyrin Konstantin Pavlovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Panfilov Andrey Vladimirovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The main aspects related to the implementation of projects for the production of vermiculture vermicompost on the basis of the educational and scientific production complex of the agrarian university are considered. The environmental and economic efficiency of the projects under consideration is substantiated, in particular, due to the processing of organic waste and the production of valuable fertilizer involved in agricultural circulation. The use of Modern technological directions of vermicomposting and the need for valuable fertilizers determine the relevance of this study. A large amount of waste generated from agricultural activities is irretrievably lost, polluting the environment. At the same time, many valuable components of this type of waste can be used in agricultural production. As a substrate for the production of vermicompost, it is proposed to use waste from the production activities of the enterprises of the agricultural university, including waste from the cultivation of champignons, aloe, roses, etc. The existing production base of the university allows to implement a project for the production of vermicompost with minimal capital investment. The environmental effect in this case will be expressed in the reduction of buried waste, improving the quality of soil reclamation, increasing soil fertility, reducing the negative impact of chemical fertilizers, etc. The peculiarity of the biohumus produced is that it can be used not only in agriculture, but also in related industries. As part of the production cycle for the production of vermicompost, the production of fertilizer rods, which are in demand in the organic fertilizer market, is also offered. The peculiarity of these fertilizer rods lies in the ease of manufacture, the low cost of equipment and the marketing attractiveness of the product. Based on the calculations, the high economic efficiency of both the production of vermicompost and vermiculture, and fertilizers in the form of biohumus rods is substantiated.
DISTRIBUTION AND MANIFESTATION OF PARASITOSIS IN BEES IN THE KRASNODAR KRAY
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilina, Shevchenko Alexander Alekseevich , Chernykh Oleg Yurievich ,   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Serdyuchenko Irina Vladimirovna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Shevchenko Lyudmila Vasilievna ,   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Markov Andrey Nikolaevich ,   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center
Published: October 2024

The article presents materials on the study of the distribution and manifestation of the main parasitosis in bees in the Krasnodar Territory in the period from 2019 to 2021. The studies were carried out in the farms of the Krasnodar Territory and in the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory. For experimental studies, bees of the Caucasian breed Apis mellifera carnica were used. In laboratory studies, various methods were used: clinical, epizootological, bacteriological, pathomorphological, serological, luminescent and light microscopy. As a result of research during the study period, in 2019, out of 2010 bee colonies from different regions of the Krasnodar Territory, positive samples were found for colibacillosis 4, citrobacteriosis 17 and proteus infection 2. In 2020, out of 2010 bee colonies from different regions, 10 positive samples were found, of which 2 samples for colibacillosis, 5 tests for citrobacteriosis, 2 tests for proteus infection, one for hafniosis. In the study of bee colonies from different regions in 2021, out of 1500 samples of pathological material for various infectious diseases, a positive test for colibacillosis 2 samples, citrobacteriosis 6, proteus infection 2, hafniosis 1, nosematosis 108 samples was detected. In general, in the Krasnodar Territory, infection with varroosis averages 6.9%, in different regions from 4 to 9%. The defeat by American and European foulbrood was 3.5–4.4%. It has been established that it was varroosis that was one of the factors in the further development of American and European foulbrood of bees and that the development of these diseases proceeds mainly associatively with severe consequences. As a result, it was established that various diseases of bees are recorded in the Krasnodar Territory, among the most dangerous parasitosis varroosis, American and European foulbrood were found, more often they occur in an associative form, as well as ascospherosis, acarapidosis, braulosis, nosematosis. In the beekeeping farms of the Caucasus, Starominsk and Korenovsky districts in the Krasnodar Territory, the causative agents of varroosis were isolated mite Varroa jacobsoni, American foulbrood Bacillus larvae and European foulbrood Streptococcus pluton. The main clinical and pathoanatomical signs in the associative disease of bees with varroosis, American and European foulbrood: death of pupae, damage mainly to drone brood, deformity or absence of wings, uneven egg laying by the queen, damage to printed and open brood of bees, death and damage to larvae at the age of 3-4 and 8-9 days, the weakening of bee colonies and often their complete death.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INFORMATIZATION LEVEL OF RURAL AREAS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND EUROZONE COUNTRIES
Authors:   Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bylina Svetlana Gennadievna
Published: October 2024

In the article, based on the materials of the Federal Statistical Observation on the use of information technologies and information and telecommunication networks by the population of Rosstat and data from the Statistical Service of the European Union (Eurostat), a comparative analysis of the achievement of sustainable development goals in solving the problems of access of the rural population of the Russian Federation and Eurozone countries to information communication technologies (ICT). The comparative dynamics of the level of access of rural households to the Internet, including broadband access, the reasons for refusing to use ICT tools, the level of information inequality in the urban-rural area and the activity of rural users are analyzed. Significant differences have been established in the level of provision and use of information and communication technologies by the rural population of the Russian Federation and the Eurozone countries, which are determined not only by the availability of access, but also by the quality of the human capital of the village. It was revealed that the main problems of using the Internet in European households are the cost of equipment and connection, as well as the lack of skills in using ICT tools, while in rural households of the Russian Federation the main reason for not connecting to the Internet is the lack of motivation. At the same time, in terms of the provision of the rural population of the Russian Federation with ICT tools, the Russian village significantly exceeds the European rural areas as a whole, which suggests a high probability of achieving digital transformation indicators for rural areas of Russia by 2030. The insufficiency of the Eurostat information base, which characterizes the level of informatization of rural areas of the Eurozone countries, is noted, which makes it difficult to make a deep comparative assessment of the level of development of this process. The study showed that both for rural areas of the Russian Federation and rural areas of the Eurozone countries, raising the level of education and information literacy of the rural population are currently the most important priorities for the development of the informatization process.
ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISM OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University (Kostanay branch), Kulchikova Zhanna Telmanovna
Published: October 2024

At present, the growth of exports of agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs is a strategic direction of the export policy of any state. An increase in the export of agricultural and food products is facilitated by its stimulation through an effective organizational and economic mechanism. One of the factors limiting the development of exports of agricultural and food products is the high level of competition in the global agri-food market. The low level of competitiveness of agricultural and food products reduces the effectiveness of exports, therefore, an increase in its level is possible, firstly, through state support for exports, secondly, technical and technological modernization of agricultural production, and thirdly, the development of export infrastructure responsible for promoting domestically produced products to world markets. The efficiency of export operations is based on the terms of lending, the organization of insurance operations, the introduction of preferential taxation and other types of services. Low-cost operations play a significant role in improving the organization of exports. These include -legal provision, a change in the direction of simplifying the customs clearance of the necessary documents. Also important are information support and consultations, reduction of technical barriers, funding of scientific research and personnel training of specialists, involved in export operations. Thus, it is possible to increase the production of high-quality domestic agro-industrial products with a high level of competitiveness, intended for export, only if an formed export policy.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ASSESSING THE COMPANY'S SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF AN INTEGRAL APPROACH
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Orlova Olga Yuryevna , Kokareva Sofya Andreevna ,   St. Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: October 2024

This study aims to propose and substantiate a unified methodological approach to assessing the company's sustainability indicators in order to eliminate information imbalances in the currently existing rating systems of domestic and foreign rating agencies. The key tasks are: analyzing the composition of the ESG ratings market, researching the methodology of evaluating companies by rating agencies, conducting a comparative analysis of ratings, offering an alternative way to assess the sustainability of companies. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the expansion of the sustainable development agenda at the levels of the state, business and society, as well as in connection with the transformation of the economic paradigm towards responsible investment. The study used methods of statistical observation, economic comparison, ranking of indicators, as well as the method of economic experiment when testing the effectiveness of the indicator proposed in the work. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the methodological approaches of leading rating agencies to the formation of ESG ratings, taking into account their significant impact on the development of the sustainable development agenda and investment decision-making in this area, recommendations have been developed on the use of a universal integral indicator of the sustainability of companies, which would increase the transparency and quality of the assessment of non-financial risks necessary for investors in the decision-making process on financing. The new indicator is based on the 17 UN SDGs and the clustering of sustainable development risks on corporate governance risks, environmental risks and social risks. The use of an integral indicator of the sustainability of companies as an addition to financial indicators in the analysis of the company by investors will allow a comprehensive assessment of whether the company complies with environmental and social requirements, as well as whether it conducts ethical business or high financial results are due to a number of violations in the ESG areas, which may in the future lead to a decrease in the investment attractiveness of the evaluated company.
COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OF A FINANCIAL AND CREDIT ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Chugunova Olga Anatolyevna , Avdeeva Tatiana Viktorovna ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Modern business conditions have determined strict requirements for the quality of personnel in general and in the banking sector in particular, which is explained by the increasing role of human resources with the totality of their abilities in economic activity. Such features of the modern market environment form the need for continuous development and improvement of the personnel management system of modern banks. In this regard, it is extremely relevant to analyze the main problematic aspects arising in the conditions of digitalization, the impact of the pandemic and sanctions restrictions in the personnel management system of a modern bank, as well as the priorities of modern personnel policy of banks. Personnel management in a commercial bank is an integral system integrated into the bank's overall management system to solve strategic tasks of providing efficient employees with the most advanced competencies and capable of providing advanced customer satisfaction in banking services. It is obvious that the ongoing transformations of financial markets and institutions caused by digitalization form a huge array of requirements for personnel and for the personnel management system of financial and credit institutions. The array of personnel management methods should not be divided into exclusive for use, i.e. methods should not be grouped to apply only one set of methods for management. It is obvious that as individual as each employee is, management methods should be so diverse. In this regard, the practical methods of personnel management are generally determined by the management style determined by the management of the enterprise; the orientation of the strategic tasks being solved, and the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the team and its employees. It should be borne in mind that the use of certain methods of personnel management in various situations may dominate, but in general they should all be applied together. Today, the focus of management methods is connected with the development of personnel competencies corresponding to the strategic directions of development of a financial and credit organization.
FACTORS OF THE GROWTH OF CRIMINALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Spector Asia Akhmetovna , Shadchenko Natalia Yuryevna ,   Russian University of Cooperation, Yurmanova Elena Aleksandrovna ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A.
Published: October 2024

Russia, due to its advantageous territorial position, the presence of a large and diverse resource potential, historical features, has competitive advantages, which makes it possible for the development of the economy and society. The resource attractiveness of the country attracts the attention of not only responsible businesses and the population, but also criminals who are trying to get unjustified benefits through illegal actions, i.e. direct violations or schemes of shadow circumvention of legislative norms. Such activity creates criminal income, which is the starting point in criminal crime schemes. Despite the growth of economic crime, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, in his Message to the Federal Assembly, pointed out the need to decriminalize responsibility for a number of economic crimes, which the state should control what is happening in this area, "but there is no need to overdo it." Such innovations in the field of decriminalization of economic crimes will make it possible to mitigate the punishment, first of all, for those entrepreneurs who have committed economic crimes, the punishment for which may be in the form of damages. If an entrepreneur conducted business effectively, then he will be able to continue his activities, since his business created jobs, brought income to the state, and satisfied the needs of society. But such a business will be under tighter control from the state for several years. Such methods of decriminalization of the economy will not lead to tougher criminal penalties and liquidation of business, but to the withdrawal of business from the shadows and its further development. Obviously, these measures are effective and correct. However, every crime of an economic nature entails damage to the state. Therefore, measures are needed both to weaken the punishment and to toughen it, but on the basis of the most in-depth analysis of the impact on the economy and society. The level of economic crime is influenced by a complex set of factors, among which the most significant are political, economic and legal. There are also such factors as organizational, psychological, medical and technical. All these factors require serious study and analysis, as well as the development of appropriate measures to counter the criminalization of the country's economy.
O TRABALHO ESCRAVO CONTEMPORÂNEO NO BRASIL: VIDAS DESCARTADAS - A BARBÁRIE NOS DIAS ATUAIS EM LUGARES ESTRANHOS
Authors: Lopes Alberto Pereira
Published: October 2024

Este artigo vem contribuir com as reflexões sobre o trabalho escravo contemporâneo, seus conceitos e dilemas de trabalhadores que são vítimas desta barbárie. É um trabalho baseado em dados quantitativos disponibilizados pela Comissão Pastoral da Terra, os quais mostram o número de trabalhadores escravos identificados, fiscalizados e libertados. Nesse sentido, buscamos analisar essas práticas à luz da acumulação primitiva do capital, como a superexploração do trabalho, as jornadas exaustivas, o confinamento nos lugares, as violências, a apreensão de documentos, a humilhação, a falta de salário. Dessa maneira, é preciso entender que o lugar para onde os trabalhadores são levados gera um estranhamento entre eles, não apenas diante do próprio isolamento geográfico, mas também devido aos maus tratos, seja por meio da violência, seja por meio da falta de uma alimentação adequada, conforme relatos já tão conhecidos nas denúncias à Comissão Pastoral da Terra – CPT. Nesse sentido, o lugar que era para ser de trabalho digno, torna-se de exploração, humilhação - estranho diante das promessas dos aliciadores que não são cumpridas. Não obstante, o trabalho escravo contemporâneo torna o cidadão uma peça descartável após os serviços prestados nas grandes fazendas. Portanto, são essas discussões, baseadas em relatos e nas fontes primárias, que problematizamos, para que a sociedade tenha consciência das mazelas sociais ainda tão presentes neste país.
Systematic Layout Planning and Analytical Hierarchy Process for Laboratory Layout Optimization: A Case Study of DESPRIN
Authors: Sihotang Mergie , Jawak Josua Boyke William
Published: October 2024

The Product Design and Innovation Laboratory (DESPRIN) at Del Institute of Technology plays a crucial role in supporting innovation. Yet, its current layout struggles to meet its users' diverse and evolving needs. This study addresses the problem of inadequate spatial configuration, which hampers workflow efficiency, ergonomics, and the lab's overall capacity to accommodate various activities. To resolve this issue, a flexible layout is designed using the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method, emphasizing optimizing space utilization, workflow, and spatial adaptability. Data collected from literature reviews, interviews, statistical analyses, and anthropometric measurements inform the design process to enhance the lab’s quality and spatial efficiency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to prioritize key layout design factors, identifying capacity as the most critical element (0.4930), followed by facilities (0.1688), accessibility (0.1414), security (0.1270), and environment (0.0708). The study results in 13 new layout configurations that can accommodate various activities within DESPRIN, providing a more dynamic and responsive user environment.
Enhanced light-sheet illumination by a multi-layered stair-step phase mask
Authors: Saitou Takashi , Imamura Takeshi
Published: October 2024

Light-sheet microscopy is a valuable tool for live biological imaging, offering high speed, high spatial resolution, and low phototoxicity imaging. This study explores a multi-layered stair-step phase mask to further improve illumination of this microscopy. By inserting the mask into the illumination optics, we can modify the Gaussian beam to extend its length by approximately 1.6-fold, which increases the field of view in light-sheet microscopy while keeping resolution reduction small. We demonstrate this improvement through in vivo imaging of medaka fish embryos, highlighting the mask’s potential to enhance the visualization of multicellular organisms at the cellular level.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Gilbert damping of MgO/Co100–x
Fe
x
/Pt trilayers
Authors: Konishi Yuma , Oshima Daiki , Kato Takeshi
Published: October 2024

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Gilbert damping of MgO/Co100–x
Fe
x
/Pt (x = 20, 50) trilayers before and after annealing at 200–400 °C were evaluated by hysteresis loop and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE) measurements. The anisotropy field of the trilayers increased with reducing the CoFe thickness, which reflects the anisotropy is originated from the interface. The annealing around 300 °C was effective to increase the anisotropy because the roughness of the MgO/CoFe interface was reduced by annealing. The effective Gilbert damping α
eff also increased with reducing CoFe thickness and increasing annealing temperature. The increase of α
eff was considered to be promoted by the interdiffusion between CoFe and Pt after annealing. Small α
eff and large perpendicular anisotropy were confirmed to be obtained using Co50Fe50 compared to using Co80Fe20.
Automated Detection of Crypto Ransomware Using Machine Learning and File Entropy Analysis
Authors: Kirkland Janalyn , Stoddard Raphael , Antonov Benedict , Dragomirov Nikolai , Belmonte Aurelio
Published: October 2024

The rapid escalation of ransomware attacks has become a significant threat to individuals, organizations, and critical infrastructures, resulting in substantial financial losses and operational disruptions. A novel approach was developed through the application of machine learning techniques combined with file entropy analysis to provide an early detection system capable of identifying ransomware infections before critical files are encrypted. The method leverages entropy as a statistical measure of file randomness, allowing for the detection of encrypted or disordered files that are indicative of ransomware activity. Machine learning models, such as Random Forests and Support Vector Machines, were trained to classify files based on entropy and additional metadata, demonstrating high accuracy, precision, and recall across a diverse dataset of benign and ransomware-infected files. The results indicated that entropybased detection outperforms traditional signature-based methods, particularly in identifying zero-day ransomware variants. Future work includes the development of real-time monitoring systems for continuous entropy assessment, as well as exploring the use of deep learning to enhance detection performance. Integrating these advancements into practical, real-time environments holds significant promise for mitigating ransomware attacks before substantial damage occurs.
Water Cultures, water knowledge, water conflicts: Rethinking water in the early modern period. Some notes from the Water Cultures Conference
Authors: Maddaluno Lavinia
Published: October 2024

This note will investigate different ways to understand water in the early modern and modern periods, by taking inspiration from the recent conference The Water Cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean, 1500-1900. Held in Venice on the 13th, 14th and 15th September 2023, the conference was organised by the ERC project The Water Cultures of Italy 1500-1900’s team, composed by Principal Investigator David Gentilcore, together with Gaia Bruno, Oscar Schiavone, Rachele Scuro, Salvatore Valenti, and myself. Given the multiplicity of research questions and methodological approaches mobilised by the conference participants, this paper is of course not an exhaustive review of how various strains of historiography have rethought key questions of the early modern period through the lens of water studies, but will rather offer a series of glimpses into macro areas, which have been divided into ‘Water knowledge’, ‘Water Cultures’, ‘Water conflicts’. These macro areas, which correspond to the various panels of the conference, are of course not separated from each other, instead presenting many points of contact, in terms of themes and methodology. Due to constraints in space and the expertise of author of the present note, not all sessions of the three-day conference have been given equal attention, despite being all included in the discussion.
Reconstruction of Legislative Members' Term Rules Based on the Principle of Justice
Authors: Yuniati Yuniati , Mashdurohatun Anis
Published: October 2024

The presence of the House of Representatives in Indonesia's constitutional system significantly supports the development of democracy, as they serve as the people's representatives and voice. Currently, it is essential to implement term restrictions for legislative members, primarily for societal benefit. This study addresses the following research problems: Why is the current rule of legislative members' terms not just? What are the weaknesses of the current legislative term rules? How should the rule of legislative members' terms be reconstructed based on the principle of justice? Employing a constructivism paradigm, this research uses a sociological juridical approach and a descriptive research type. Data sources include primary data from field research and secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection methods encompass observation, interviews, and literature study, with qualitative data analysis. The findings indicate that the current rule of legislative members' terms is unjust due to the lack of term restrictions, leading to increased risks of corruption, bribery, collusion, and nepotism. Weaknesses in existing rules on criminal sanctions for corruption, bribery are evident in the legal substance, structure, and culture. The legal substance lacks clear provisions on term restrictions, and the legal structure fails to address the urgency of implementing term restrictions for House of Representatives of Indonesia’s and Regional Representative Council members. Additionally, there is a need to raise public awareness about the importance of term restrictions for legislative members. The study suggests reconstructing criminal sanctions rules against corruption, bribery based on justice values, which involves revising both values and norms. This includes transforming previously unjust rules into just ones and amending the legislative term rules according to the principle of justice, as outlined in Law No. 7 on 2017 concerning General Elections, Articles 240(1) and 248.