bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time‐harmonic electromagnetic field analysis in multisphere model by Gumerov's method of two scalar potentials
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Masutani Keigo , Kobayashi Tetsuo
Published: October 2011

Time‐harmonic electromagnetic fields in multisphere models were calculated by the method of two scalar potentials proposed by Gumerov. The analyzed models were an eccentric two‐sphere model and a ten‐sphere model including the brain core and a pair of eyeballs. The applied fields were a plane wave and a dipole magnetic field, and the frequency was 1.8 or 2.0 GHz. The truncation degree p of the multipole and local expansion had values of up to 170 to 200. The peak power density on the x–y plane and the absorbed power in each tissue almost monotonically converged as p increased. These results demonstrate the usefulness of Gumerov's method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(2): 1–10, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002–eej.21224
Can Hydrophobic Interactions Influence Supramolecular Aggregation in Self‐Assembled Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures?
Authors: Heussner Kirsten , Grabau Mathias , Forster Johannes , Streb Carsten
Published: October 2011

This study aims to provide insights into the ability of amphiphilic cations to influence the assembly of hybrid organic‐inorganic crystal lattices using hydrophobic interactions. To investigate the hypothesis, a prototype amphiphilic cation, tert‐butyldiethanolammonium, was employed together with molybdenum oxide clusters of increasing size and charge in the self‐assembly of type I hybrid systems. The molybdate clusters were used as model inorganic building blocks as they can be formed in situ and their size and charge can be adjusted by pH control. Using this strategy, three hybrid structures were obtained and characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, theoretical bond valence sum calculations, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and theoretical Hirshfeld analysis. Heptamolybdate Na5[tBuNH(C2H4OH)2][Mo7O24]·ca. 14H2O (1) was isolated, which features sodium‐linked dimeric cluster species. Inaddition, octamolybdate [tBuNH(C2H4OH)2]4[Mo8O26]·ca. 4H2O (2) was isolated, which incorporates a complex cationic sodium network that contains isolated octadecanuclear sodium clusters. At low pH levels (below pH 2),[tBuNH(C2H4OH)2]14[Mo36O112(H2O)16][Mo36O112(H2O)14{tBuNH(C2H4OH)2}2]·ca. 36H2O (3) was obtained, which is based on a 36‐centre molybdenum oxide cluster. Crystallographic analysis of the assemblies showed that the formation of hydrophobic regions within the crystal lattice is affected by the size of the inorganic building blocks employed. In 1 and 2, the hydrophobic tert‐butyl groups of the amphiphilic cations aggregate into hydrophobic assemblies. In contrast, the structural arrangement in 3 is dominated by the large inorganic cluster and the organic cations are incorporated as isolated units. This behaviour is further supported by theoretical Hirshfeld surface analysis of the organic counterions, which suggests that, with increasing cluster size, the contribution of long‐range, hydrophobic intermolecular interactions decreases, which is in line with the crystallographic analysis for 1–3.
Enantioselective Cycloisomerization of 1,5‐Enynes Promoted by Cyclometalated NHC–PtII–Monophos Catalysts
Authors: Jullien Hélène , Brissy Delphine , Retailleau Pascal , Marinetti Angela
Published: October 2011

The enantioselective cycloisomerizations of 1,5‐enynes bearing non‐migrating oxygen functions at the propargylic carbon atom have been carried out by using Monophos–PtII and Binepine–PtII complexes as chiral precatalysts. They afforded the corresponding bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐3‐one in up to 63 % enantiomeric excess. The stereochemical outcome of these reactions has been investigated in order to highlight possible matching–mismatching effects between the chiral catalyst and chiral substrates with opposite configurations at the stereogenic carbon. A substantial effect of the stereogenic carbon has been evidenced.
A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐b][1,5]oxazepines by Ring Closure of O‐Glycosyl Amino Acids
Authors: Khodair Ahmed I. , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: October 2011

N‐Boc‐protected serine and threonine esters could be readily added to 2‐nitroglycals, affording exclusively α‐ and β‐anomers with galacto‐ and gluco‐configuration, respectively. Nitro group reduction to the amino group and also ester cleavage led to compounds 2, 6, and 11, which can be regarded as dipeptide mimetics. From these compounds, bicyclic pyrano[2.3‐b][1,5]oxazepines 7–14 were prepared by ring closure.
Intracellular and extracellular factors influencing Cr(VI and Cr(III) genotoxicity
Authors: Sobol Zhanna , Schiestl Robert H.
Published: October 2011

Cr(VI) is a human and animal carcinogen. Cr(VI) does not interact directly with DNA and thus its genotoxicity is attributed to its intracellular reduction to Cr(III) via reactive intermediates. The resulting types of DNA damage can be grouped into two categories: (1) oxidative DNA damage and (2) Cr(III)‐DNA interactions. This study examines the molecular mechanism of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) genotoxicity in an intact cell. A system screening for DNA deletions (DEL assay) was used to compare induction of chromosomal rearrangements in the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae following Cr(VI) and Cr(III) exposure. Both forms of chromium induced DNA deletions albeit with different dose‐response curves. N‐acetylcysteine had a protective effect against Cr(VI) genotoxicity at high exposure doses but had no protective effect at lower doses or against Cr(III). An oxidative DNA damage repair mutant was hypersensitive to Cr(VI) only at high exposure and the mutant was not hypersensitive to Cr(III) exposure. These data imply that oxidative stress is involved in Cr(VI) genotoxicity at high exposure concentrations and not so in Cr(III). The Cr(III)‐DNA interaction appears to be an important genotoxic lesion following Cr(VI) exposure at low‐exposure concentrations. The CAN forward mutation assay revealed that within the concentration ranges used for this study, Cr(III) does not cause point mutations and Cr(VI) causes a mild but statistically significant increase in point mutation only at the highest concentration tested. This study reveals that DNA deletions occurring as a result of intrachromosomal homologous recombination are a useful endpoint for studying chromium genotoxicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment
Authors: Dlugoß Verena , Fiener Peter , Van Oost Kristof , Schneider Karl
Published: October 2011

Soil redistribution on arable land significantly affects lateral and vertical soil carbon (C) fluxes (caused by C formation and mineralization) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Whether this serves as a (C) sink or source to the atmosphere is a controversial issue. In this study, the SPEROS‐C model was modified to analyse erosion induced lateral and vertical soil C fluxes and their effects upon SOC stocks in a small agricultural catchment (4·2 ha). The model was applied for the period between 1950 and 2007 covering 30 years of conventional tillage (1950–1979) followed by 28 years of conservation tillage (1980–2007). In general, modelled and measured SOC stocks are in good agreement for three observed soil layers. The overall balance (1950–2007) of erosion induced lateral and vertical C fluxes results in a C loss of −4·4 g C m–2 a–1 at our test site. Land management has a significant impact on the erosion induced C fluxes, leading to a predominance of lateral C export under conventional and of vertical C exchange between soil and atmosphere under conservation agriculture. Overall, the application of the soil conservation practices, with enhanced C inputs by cover crops and decreased erosion, significantly reduced the modelled erosion induced C loss of the test site. Increasing C inputs alone, without a reduction of erosion rates, did not result in a reduction of erosion induced C losses. Moreover, our results show that the potential erosion induced C loss is very sensitive to the representation of erosion rates (long‐term steady state versus event driven). A first estimate suggests that C losses are very sensitive to magnitude and frequency of erosion events. If long‐term averages are dominated by large magnitude events modelled erosion induced C losses in the catchment were significantly reduced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Back‐barrier flooding by storm surges and overland flow
Authors: Fagherazzi Sergio , Priestas Anthony M.
Published: October 2011

Low‐elevation areas within a sandy barrier island are subject to flooding via saturation overland flow following moderate storm surges and rainfall events. Using a high resolution topographic survey and simple hydrology models, we estimate the discharge and velocities from storm surge return flow and saturation overland flow. Results show that return flow velocities are of the same magnitude as the critical velocity necessary to mobilize sand when a hydraulic connection between the watershed and back‐barrier bay is present. Storms of moderate strength and rainfall intensity may be sufficient to keep the return channels open within the back‐barrier, thus providing natural conduits for water exchange from overwash events during extreme storm surges triggered by hurricanes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Through‐water terrestrial laser scanning of gravel beds at the patch scale
Authors: Smith Mark , Vericat Damià , Gibbins Chris
Published: October 2011

Acquiring high resolution topographic data of natural gravel surfaces is technically demanding in locations where the bed is not exposed at low water stages. Often the most geomorphologically active surfaces are permanently submerged. Gravel beds are spatially variable and measurement of their detailed structure and particle sizes is essential for understanding the interaction of bed roughness with near‐bed flow hydraulics, sediment entrainment, transport and deposition processes, as well as providing insights into the ecological responses to these processes. This paper presents patch‐scale laboratory and field experiments to demonstrate that through‐water terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has the potential to provide high resolution digital elevation models of submerged gravel beds with enough detail to depict individual grains and small‐scale forms. The resulting point cloud data requires correction for refraction before registration. Preliminary validation shows that patch‐scale TLS through 200 mm of water introduces a mean error of less than 5 mm under ideal conditions. Point precision is not adversely affected by the water column. The resulting DEMs can be embedded seamlessly within larger sub‐aerial reach‐scale surveys and can be acquired alongside flow measurements to examine the effects of three‐dimensional surface geometry on turbulent flow fields and their interaction with instream ecology dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies
Authors: von der Kammer Frank , Ferguson P. Lee , Holden Patricia A. , Masion Armand , Rogers Kim R. , Klaine Stephen J. , Koelmans Albert A. , Horne Nina , Unrine Jason M.
Published: October 2011

Advances in the study of the environmental fate, transport, and ecotoxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been hampered by a lack of adequate techniques for the detection and quantification of ENMs at environmentally relevant concentrations in complex media. Analysis of ENMs differs from traditional chemical analysis because both chemical and physical forms must be considered. Because ENMs are present as colloidal systems, their physicochemical properties are dependent on their surroundings. Therefore, the simple act of trying to isolate, observe, and quantify ENMs may change their physicochemical properties, making analysis extremely susceptible to artifacts. Many analytical techniques applied in materials science and other chemical/biological/physical disciplines may be applied to ENM analysis as well; however, environmental and biological studies may require that methods be adapted to work at low concentrations in complex matrices. The most pressing research needs are the development of techniques for extraction, cleanup, separation, and sample storage that introduce minimal artifacts to increase the speed, sensitivity, and specificity of analytical techniques, as well as the development of techniques that can differentiate between abundant, naturally occurring particles, and manufactured nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:32–49. © 2011 SETAC
Laboratory investigation for power transformer protection technique based on positive sequence admittance approach
Authors: Eissa Moustafa Mohammed , Shehab‐Eldin El Hassan , Masoud Mohmoud Elshahat , Abd‐Elatif Ahmed Sayed
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a new digital technique for transformer protection. The technique uses the accumulated positive sequence admittances at the two sides of the power transformer. The instantaneous measurements of phase voltage and line current signals at the transformer terminals are used to calculate the accumulated positive sequence admittances. A 500/230‐kV Y/Y transformer connected to a 230‐kV power system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMIULINK tool. The method depends on stand alone decision at the two terminals of power transformer. A real‐time investigation for power transformer in normal and abnormal conditions based on experimental setup is given. The experimental setup uses a transformer of (5 kVA, 220/110 V) for testing purposes. The simulated and experimental results indicated that the proposed technique is stable, reliable, and fast during the discrimination between internal and external faults, magnetizing inrush currents, and switching on internal faults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain growth rate abnormalities visualized in adolescents with autism
Authors: Hua Xue , Thompson Paul M. , Leow Alex D. , Madsen Sarah K. , Caplan Rochelle , Alger Jeffry R. , O'Neill Joseph , Joshi Kishori , Smalley Susan L. , Toga Arthur W. , Levitt Jennifer G.
Published: October 2011

Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous disorder of brain development with wide ranging cognitive deficits. Typically diagnosed before age 3, autism spectrum disorder is behaviorally defined but patients are thought to have protracted alterations in brain maturation. With longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we mapped an anomalous developmental trajectory of the brains of autistic compared with those of typically developing children and adolescents. Using tensor‐based morphometry, we created 3D maps visualizing regional tissue growth rates based on longitudinal brain MRI scans of 13 autistic and seven typically developing boys (mean age/interscan interval: autism 12.0 ± 2.3 years/2.9 ± 0.9 years; control 12.3 ± 2.4/2.8 ± 0.8). The typically developing boys demonstrated strong whole brain white matter growth during this period, but the autistic boys showed abnormally slowed white matter development (P = 0.03, corrected), especially in the parietal (P = 0.008), temporal (P = 0.03), and occipital lobes (P = 0.02). We also visualized abnormal overgrowth in autism in gray matter structures such as the putamen and anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings reveal aberrant growth rates in brain regions implicated in social impairment, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors in autism, suggesting that growth rate abnormalities persist into adolescence. Tensor‐based morphometry revealed persisting growth rate anomalies long after diagnosis, which has implications for evaluation of therapeutic effects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Team Management Organization in Co‐branding Projects
Authors: Grebosz Magdalena , Bakalarczyk Sebastian
Published: October 2011

Creating strategic alliances by engaging in co‐branding has become increasingly widespread in many industries. This form of cooperation allows businesses to share resources and knowledge and to set common goals – but also forces the two companies to work together. This article looks at co‐branding from the perspective of strategic management and focuses on the problems that can arise in team management and organization. The purpose of the article is to present recent research advances that may encourage rethinking co‐branding strategies at the level of projectization which described the level of commitment in the co‐branding project. Characteristics of successful team‐building for co‐branding ventures are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Truncated Sum of Processing‐Times–Based Learning Model for a Two‐Machine Flowshop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Lai Kunjung , Hsu Peng‐Hsiang , Ting Ping‐Ho , Wu Chin‐Chia
Published: October 2011

Scheduling with learning effects has gained increasing attention in recent years. A well‐known learning model is called “sum‐of‐processing‐times‐based learning” in which the actual processing time of a job is a nonincreasing function of the jobs already processed. However, the actual processing time of a given job drops to zero precipitously when the normal job processing times are large. Moreover, the concept of learning process is relatively unexplored in a flowshop environment. Motivated by these observations, this article addresses a two‐machine flowshop problem with a truncated learning effect. The objective is to find an optimal schedule to minimize the total completion time. First, a branch‐and‐bound algorithm incorporating with a dominance property and four lower bounds is developed to derive the optimal solution. Then three simulated annealing algorithms are also proposed for near‐optimal solution. The experimental results indicated that the branch‐and‐bound algorithm can solve instances up to 18 jobs, and the proposed simulated annealing algorithm performs well in item of CPU time and error percentage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction and assessment of multiple glacial lake outburst floods scenario in Pho Chu River basin, Bhutan
Authors: Osti Rabindra , Egashira Shinji , Adikari Yognath
Published: October 2011

In this study, the characteristic of multiple glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the Pho Chu River basin in Bhutanese Himalayas is evaluated to help assess the potential impact. Thorthormi Cho (TC) and Lugge Cho (LC) in the east branch and two unnamed lakes labelled A and B in the west branch of Pho Chu are chosen for the study. Numerical models were employed to simulate different involved processes. The results show that the peak sediment discharge in the east branch of the Pho Chu River by the TC dam breach reached about 5000 m3/s (during the first GLOF) at 4 km whereas by the LC dam breach is about 600 m3/s (second GLOF) at 6 km. However, the highest peak hydrographs (sediment and water mixture) calculated during the first and second GLOF are about 10 000 m3/s at the 18‐km section and about 23 000 m3/s at the 10‐km section, respectively. In the west branch of Pho Chu, erosion and depositions are the frequent intermittent local processes during the first GLOF event from Lake A. Because the first event stabilized the irregular river bed profile, there is not much sediment discharge developed during the second GLOF from Lake B. At the 17‐km section of the west branch, the peak hydrograph reached about 9000 m3/s during the first event against the peak of about 800 m3/s during the second event. The results suggest that even if multiple dam breaches occur simultaneously, GLOF surges pass through the main river channel at different times with very different flood characteristics. The differences in travel time and flood characteristics mostly depend on the distributions of bed slope and potential erosion depth along the reach. Further, the amount of sediment accumulated in and transported by each surge is reliant on the temporal geomorphologic setting of the river and therefore on the impact of the previous GLOF on riverbed profile and potential erosion depth. The robustness in peak GLOF hydrographs is associated with sediment flow dynamics. As a consequence, serious inundation of Punakha, Lobeysa and major portion of Wangdue Phodrang is anticipated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixing law versus discharge and electrical conductivity relationships: application to an alpine proglacial stream
Authors: Dzikowski Marc , Jobard Sylvain
Published: October 2011

Mixing laws have been used in hydrogeology for decades. In glacial hydrology, they are used to determine the contributions of the different reservoirs supplying the proglacial stream. However, some assumptions about discharge–solute matter and discharge–electrical conductivity (EC) relationships have led to erroneous conclusions. Analysis of a theoretical example indicated a hyperbolic relationship between discharge and solute matter concentration/EC for two reservoirs. We applied this approach to experimental data from the Baounet Glacier (Savoie, France), assuming that the proglacial stream is provided by a combination of watershed groundwater flow (diurnally stable and with high EC) and quick drainage from the glacier (low EC and discharge that change very quickly). Applying mixing laws allowed us to characterise these two flows and to separate the quick flows (glacial ablation and rainfalls). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homologous recombination induced by doxazosin mesylate and saw palmetto in the Drosophila wing‐spot test
Authors: Gabriel Katiane Cella , Dihl Rafael Rodrigues , Lehmann Mauricio , Reguly Maria Luiza , Richter Marc François , de Andrade Heloisa Helena Rodrigues
Published: October 2011

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common tumor in men over 40 years of age. Acute urinary retention (AUR) is regarded as the most serious hazard of untreated BPH. α‐Blockers, such as doxazosin mesylate, and 5‐α reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride, are frequently used because they decrease both AUR and the need for BPH‐related surgery. An extract of the fruit from American saw palmetto plant has also been used as an alternative ttreatment for BPH. The paucity of information available concerning the genotoxic action of these compounds led us to assess their activity as inducers of different types of DNA lesions using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. Finasteride did not induce gene mutation, chromosomal mutation or mitotic recombination, which means it was nongenotoxic in our experimental conditions. On the other hand, doxazosin mesylate and saw palmetto induced significant increases in spot frequencies in trans‐heterozygous flies. In order to establish the actual role played by mitotic recombination and by mutation in the genotoxicity observed, the balancer‐heterozygous flies were also analyzed, showing no increment in the total spot frequencies in relation to the negative control, for both drugs. Doxazosin mesylate and saw palmetto were classified as specific inducers of homologous recombination in Drosophila proliferative cells, an event linked to the loss of heterozygosity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression and activity of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in melanoma cells and in melanocytes
Authors: Amann Philipp M. , Hofmann Claudia , Freudenberger Muriel , Holland‐Cunz Stefan , Eichmüller Stefan B. , Bazhin Alexandr V.
Published: October 2011

Disturbances in vitamin A metabolism are an important attribute of some cancer cells. Most evidence point that these disturbances lead to decreasing of the retinoic acid concentration in tumor cells. Up to now, in benign and malignant skin cells the features of vitamin A metabolism with its participating enzymes are not entirely understood. Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are involved in the retinol metabolism, oxidizing retinol, and retinal in retinoic acid or reducing retinal in retinol. In this work we investigated the expression and enzymatic activity of alcohol and ALDH in melanoma cells compared to their benign counterparts. We demonstrated that melanoma cell lines and melanocytes despite similar pattern of the enzyme expression, show different general ALDH activity. Retinal, the substrate of ALDH, could stimulate the ALDH activity through up‐regulation of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 6. Furthermore, we found that retinoids regulate alcohol dehydrogenase activity, probably via effects on alcohol dehydrogenase expression at the post‐transcriptional level. We suggest that melanoma cells in contrast to melanocytes should favor the retinal reduction over its oxidation. The decreasing cellular amount of the precursor molecules of retinoic acid could result in a changed gene regulation in melanoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 792–799, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulatory effects of curcumin on lipid accumulation in monocytes/macrophages
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Hasan Syeda T. , Cowan Danica , Ricciarelli Roberta , Azzi Angelo , Meydani Mohsen
Published: October 2011

Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in protecting against atherosclerosis and inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms of these actions are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the dietary polyphenol curcumin can modulate the accumulation of lipids in monocytes/macrophages. Curcumin increased the expression of two lipid transport genes, the fatty acids transporter CD36/FAT and the fatty acids binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2; P < 0.05), leading to increased lipid levels in THP‐1 and RAW264.7 monocytes and macrophages (P < 0.05). To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved, we assessed the activity of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), a transcription factor centrally involved in regulating several stress resistance and lipid transport genes. Curcumin increased FOXO3a‐mediated gene expression by twofold (P < 0.05), possibly as a result of influencing FOXO3a phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The curcumin derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), with similar chemical antioxidant activity as curcumin, did not show any measurable effects. In contrast to the in vitro results, curcumin showed a trend for reduction of lipid levels in peritoneal macrophages in LDL receptor knockout mice fed a high fat diet for 4 months, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms in vivo. Thus, the up‐regulation of FOXO3a activity by curcumin could be a mechanism to protect against oxidant‐ and lipid‐induced damage in the inflammatory cells of the vascular system. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 833–840, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AMP‐activated protein kinase mediates erythropoietin‐induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Su Kuo‐Hui , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Hou Hsin‐Han , Zhao Jin‐Feng , Kou Yu Ru , Cheng Li‐Ching , Shyue Song‐Kun , Lee Tzong‐Shyuan
Published: October 2011

We investigated whether AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a multi‐functional regulator of energy homeostasis, participates in the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO)‐mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) and mice. In ECs, treatment with EPO increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and eNOS, as revealed by Western blot analysis. Inhibition of AMPK activation by compound C or dominant‐negative AMPK mutant abrogated the EPO‐induced increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC, and eNOS, as well as nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, suppression of AMPK activation abolished EPO‐induced EC proliferation, migration and tube formation. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that AMPK mediated the EPO‐induced increase in the phosphorylation of β common receptor (βCR) and the formation of a βCR–AMPK–eNOS complex. In mice, inhibition of AMPK activation by compound C markedly decreased EPO‐elicited angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS was significantly higher in aortas from EPO transgenic mice than wild‐type mice. Moreover, treatment with EPO neutralizing antibody greatly reduced the exercise training‐induced increase in phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS in aortas of wild‐type mice. Taken together, EPO may trigger AMPK‐dependent signaling, which leads to enhanced phosphorylation of βCR and eNOS, increased βCR–AMPK–eNOS complex formation, NO production, and, ultimately, angiogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3053–3062, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides prevent platelet‐derived growth factor‐stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in the endothelial‐denuded artery in vivo
Authors: Wang Shu‐Huei , Liang Chan‐Jung , Weng Yu‐Wen , Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Hsu Hsien‐Yeh , Chien Hsiung‐Fei , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun , Tseng Ying‐Chin , Li Chi‐Yuan , Chen Yuh‐Lien
Published: October 2011

Ganoderma lucidum is used in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent or treat a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. We previously demonstrated that a glucan‐containing extract of Reishi polysaccharides (EORP) has the potent anti‐inflammatory action of reducing ICAM‐1 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and LPS‐treated mice. In the present study, we examined whether EORP inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF)‐stimulated HASMC proliferation and the mechanism involved. EORP dose‐dependently reduced cell numbers and DNA synthesis of PDGF‐treated HASMCs in vitro. EORP also arrested cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase, and this was associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, and p21Cip1 and upregulation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. The anti‐proliferative effect of EORP was partly mediated by downregulation of PDGF‐induced JNK phosphorylation. In in vivo studies, the femoral artery of C57BL/6 mice was endothelial‐denuded and the mice were fed a diet containing 100 mg/kg/day of EORP. On day 14, both cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐positive cells) in the neointima and the neointima/media area ratio (0.67 ± 0.03 vs. 1.46 ± 0.30) were significantly reduced. Our data show that EORP interferes with the mitogenic activation of JNK, preventing entry of HASMCs into the cell cycle in vitro and reducing cell proliferation in the neointima and decreasing the neointimal area in vivo. Thus, EORP may represent a safe and effective novel approach to the prevention and treatment of vascular proliferative diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3063–3071, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monocytes differentiation upon treatment with a peptide corresponding to the C‐terminus of activated T cell‐expressed Tirc7 protein
Authors: Mouline Caroline C. , Beranger Guillaume E. , Schmid‐Antomarchi Heidy , Quincey Danielle , Momier David , Boukhechba Florian , Carle Georges F. , Rochet Nathalie , Scimeca Jean‐Claude
Published: October 2011

Atp6v0a3 gene encodes for two alternative products, Tirc7 and a3 proteins, which are differentially expressed in activated T cells and resorbing osteoclasts, respectively. Tirc7 plays a central role in T cell activation, while a3 protein is critical for osteoclast‐mediated bone matrix resorption. Based on the large body of evidences documenting the relationships between T cells and osteoclasts, we hypothesized that the extracellular C‐terminus of Tirc7 protein could directly interact with osteoclast precursor cells. To address this issue, we performed the molecular cloning of a mouse Atp6v0a3 cDNA segment encoding the last 40 amino acids of Tirc7 protein, and we used this peptide as a ligand added to mouse osteoclast precursor cells. We evidenced that Tirc7‐Cter peptide induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclast‐like cells, stimulated an autocrine/paracrine regulatory loop potentially involved in osteoclastic differentiation control, and strongly up‐regulated F4/80 protein expression within multinucleated osteoclast‐like cells. Using a mouse bone marrow‐derived CD11b+ cell line, or total bone marrow primary cells, we observed that similarly to Rankl, Tirc7‐Cter peptide induced the formation of TRACP‐positive large multinucleated cells. At last, using mouse primary monocytes purified from total bone marrow, we determined that Tirc7‐Cter peptide induced the appearance of small multinucleated cells (3–4 nuclei), devoid of resorbing activity, and which displayed modulations of dendritic cell marker genes expression. In conclusion, we report for the first time on biological effects mediated by a peptide corresponding to the C‐terminus of Tirc7 protein, which interfere with monocytic differentiation pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3088–3098, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteasome modulator 9 is linked to microvascular pathology of T2D
Authors: Gragnoli Claudia
Published: October 2011

The locus 12q24 is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to changes in retinal vascular caliber in Caucasians. Proteasome Modulator 9 gene (PSMD9) lies in the 12q24 locus and is implicated in diabetes onset and in degradation of intracellular proteins in antigenic peptides in the immune response to antigen presentation by MHC class I cells. Within PSMD9, we reported a linkage to T2D and to MODY3 in Italian families. We recently demonstrated a linkage of the PSMD9 T2D risk SNPs with T2D‐nephropathy, T2D‐neuropathy, retinopathy, hypercholesterolemia, and macrovascular pathology. We aimed at studying the presence of the linkage signal of the PSMD9 T2D risk SNPs IVS3 + nt460, IVS3 + nt437, E197G to microvascular pathology associated to T2D in Italian siblings/families. We screened 200 T2D siblings/families for the PSMD9 above‐mentioned variants and performed a parametric and non‐parametric linkage study by Merlin software. Our results show significant LOD score in linkage with microvascular pathology for the PSMD9 SNPs studied using the non‐parametric and parametric linkage analysis. The strongest signal is present under the recessive model. Our statistical power relies on the presence of T2D affected siblings, which represent an ideal dataset to identify linkage with a recessive disease model. Our simulation analysis confirms that the results are not due to random chance. In summary, the PSMD9 IVS3 + nt460, IVS3 + nt437, E197G SNPs are linked via the recessive model to microvascular pathology of T2D in Italians. A possible role of PSMD9 in microvascular pathology may be related to a causative pathogenetic role in inflammation as part of an autoimmune process. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3116–3118, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of short‐term hypoxic exposure on metabolic gene expression
Authors: Everett Meredith V. , Antal Corina E. , Crawford Douglas L.
Published: October 2011

The long‐term effect of hypoxia is to decrease both the production and use of ATP and thus decrease the reliance on mitochondrial oxidative energy production. Yet, recent studies include more immediate affects of hypoxia on gene expression and these data suggest the maintenance of mitochondrial function. To better understand the short‐term physiological response to hypoxia, we quantified metabolic mRNA expression in the heart ventricles and livers of the teleost fishFundulus grandisexposed to partial oxygen pressure of 2.8 kPa (∼13.5% air saturation).Twenty‐eight individuals from a single population were exposed to hypoxia for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr. Liver and cardiac tissues were sampled from the same individuals at 0–48 hr. At 96 hr, only cardiac tissue was assayed. Gene expression was significantly different (ANOVA,P<0.05) for 17 of 226 metabolic genes (7.5%) in cardiac tissue and for 20 of 256 (7.8%) metabolic genes in hepatic tissue. For the two tissues examined in this study, the maximum response occurred at different times. For cardiac tissue, using Dunnett's post hoc test, most of these significant differences occurred at 96 hr of exposure. For liver, all but one significant difference occurred at 4 hr. Surprisingly, too many (relative to random expectations) of the genes with significant increase in mRNA are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway: 44% of the significant genes at 96 hr in the heart and 33% of the significant genes at 4 hr in the liver are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. These data indicate that there are tissue‐specific differences in the timing of the response to hypoxia, yet both cardiac and hepatic tissues have increases in mRNA that code for enzyme in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. If these changes in mRNA produce a similar change in protein, then these data suggest that the initial response to hypoxia involves an increase in the oxidative pathway potentially as a mechanism to maintain ATP production.J. Exp. Zool. 317:9–23, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tropical oviparous lizard, Calotes versicolor, exhibiting a potentially novel FMFM pattern of temperature‐dependent sex determination
Authors: Inamdar (Doddamani) Laxmi S. , V. Vani , Seshagiri Polani B.
Published: October 2011

Among squamate reptiles, lizards exhibit an impressive array of sex‐determining modes viz. genotypic sex determination, temperature‐dependent sex determination, co‐occurrence of both these and those that reproduce parthenogenetically. The oviparous lizard, Calotes versicolor, lacks heteromorphic sex chromosomes and there are no reports on homomorphic chromosomes. Earlier studies on this species presented little evidence to the sex‐determining mechanism. Here we provide evidences for the potential role played by incubation temperature that has a significant effect (P<0.01) on gonadal sex and sex ratio. The eggs were incubated at 14 different incubation temperatures. Interestingly, 100% males were produced at low (25.5±0.5°C) as well as high (34±0.5°C) incubation temperatures and 100% females were produced at low (23.5±0.5°C) and high (31.5±0.5°C) temperatures, clearly indicating the occurrence of TSD in this species. Sex ratios of individual clutches did not vary at any of the critical male‐producing or female‐producing temperatures within as well as across the seasons. However, clutch sex ratios were female‐ or male‐biased at intermediate temperatures. Thermosensitive period occurred during the embryonic stages 30–33. Three pivotal temperatures operate producing 1:1 sex ratio. Histology of gonad and accessory reproductive structures provide additional evidence for TSD. The sex‐determining pattern, observed for the first time in this species, that neither compares to Pattern I [Ia (MF) and Ib (FM)] nor to Pattern II (FMF), is being referred to as FMFM pattern of TSD. This novel FMFM pattern of sex ratio exhibited by C. versicolor may have an adaptive significance in maintaining sex ratio. J. Exp. Zool. 317:32–46, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate social responsibility as a bolster for economic performance: Evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Lagoarde‐Segot Thomas
Published: October 2011

Although the main responsibility of firms may be to maximize their profits, organizations stand to gain much from the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. This article reviews the connection between CSR and financial performance and discusses existing multilateral initiatives that global managers and investors are taking to align their business decisions with social and environmental needs. Moreover, an analysis of developments in six emerging markets—Malaysia, South Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Brazil, and Morocco—highlights how ongoing regulatory reforms provide incentives for company sustainability. The adoption of proactive CSR strategies while generating and disseminating robust and quantitative extra‐financial information to shareholders and regulators is an emerging driver of global competitiveness. Therefore, regulators and leaders of industrial organizations and business schools would do well to incorporate these elements into their twenty‐first‐century strategies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using branding to effect internal change at Spie Batignolles
Authors: Collins Hilary , Crespin‐Mazet Florence , Goglio‐Primard Karine
Published: October 2011

This article examines the role of branding as a vector for internal communication and as a method of stimulating learning and change. Instead of focusing on the external impact of the brand, it uses an in‐depth case study in the French construction industry to show how a commercial brand can foster the emergence of internal communities that stimulate information exchange, the sharing of best practices, and innovation. The members of these communities collectively developed their own tools, vocabulary, and management practices around the brand to make it their own—a process that influenced their personal identity as well as the firm's organizational identity. The results of this study suggest that a brand can encourage the transfer of knowledge drawn from localized experience within a firm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A clinically applicable six‐segmented foot model
Authors: De Mits Sophie , Segers Veerle , Woodburn Jim , Elewaut Dirk , De Clercq Dirk , Roosen Philip
Published: October 2011

We describe a multi‐segmented foot model comprising lower leg, rearfoot, midfoot, lateral forefoot, medial forefoot, and hallux for routine use in a clinical setting. The Ghent Foot Model describes the kinematic patterns of functional units of the foot, especially the midfoot, to investigate patient populations where midfoot deformation or dysfunction is an important feature, for example, rheumatoid arthritis patients. Data were obtained from surface markers by a 6 camera motion capture system at 500 Hz. Ten healthy subjects walked barefoot along a 12 m walkway at self‐selected speed. Joint angles (rearfoot to shank, midfoot to rearfoot, lateral and medial forefoot to midfoot, and hallux to medial forefoot) in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane are reported according to anatomically based reference frames. These angles were calculated and reported during the foot rollover phases in stance, detected by synchronized plantar pressure measurements. Repeated measurements of each subject revealed low intra‐subject variability, varying between 0.7° and 2.3° for the minimum values, between 0.5° and 2.1° for the maximum values, and between 0.8° and 5.8° for the ROM. The described movement patterns were repeatable and consistent with biomechanical and clinical knowledge. As such, the Ghent Foot model permits intersegment, in vivo motion measurement of the foot, which is crucial for both clinical and research applications. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:655–661, 2012
The effect of aging on migration, proliferation, and collagen expression of tenocytes in response to ciprofloxacin
Authors: Chang Hsiang‐Ning , Pang Jong‐Hwei S. , Chen Carl P.C. , Ko Pei‐Chih , Lin Miao‐Sui , Tsai Wen‐Chung , Yang Yun‐Ming
Published: October 2011

Quinolone‐induced tendinopathy or tendon rupture tends to be age‐related. However, the synergistic effects of quinolone and aging on tenocytes remained to be explored. Tenocytes intrinsic to rat Achilles tendon from two age groups (young: 2 months; and near senescent (old): 24 months) were treated with ciprofloxacin. Tenocyte migration and proliferation were assessed by transwell filter migration assay and MTT (3‐[4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, respectively. Messenger RNA and protein expressions of types I and III collagen were determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Transwell filter migration assay revealed that ciprofloxacin inhibited tenocytes migration, which became more significant in old tenocytes (p < 0.05). The results of MTT assay revealed that tenocytes proliferation decreased after ciprofloxacin treatment (p < 0.05), which also became more significant in old tenocytes. The results of RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that mRNA and protein expressions of type I collagen remained unchanged in either young or old tenocytes with ciprofloxacin treatment, whereas the expressions of type III collagen were down‐regulated by ciprofloxacin, which was more significant in old tenocytes. In conclusion, aging potentiated the ciprofloxacin‐mediated inhibition of migration, proliferation, and expression of type III collagen of tenocytes. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:764–768, 2012
Successful reconstruction of scalp and skull defects: Lessons learned from a large series
Authors: Shonka David C. , Potash Andrea E. , Jameson Mark J. , Funk Gerry F.
Published: October 2011

Objective:

To provide a framework for the management of scalp and skull defects.

Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Setting:

Two tertiary care hospitals.

Patients/Intervention:

Fifty‐six consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction of scalp and/or skull defects with free flaps, rotational skin/fascia flaps, skin grafts, and implants. Defects closed primarily and those of the lateral temporal bone and skull base were excluded.

Results:

Sixty‐two reconstructions were performed. Treatment of skin cancers and intracranial tumors necessitated 31 (50%) and 22 (35%) of the reconstructions, respectively. Defects included partial‐thickness soft tissue (9, 15%), full‐thickness soft tissue (28, 45%), full‐thickness soft tissue and skull (17, 27%), and full‐thickness soft tissue, skull, and dura (8, 13%). Radiation or prereconstruction wound breakdown or infection was involved in 33 (53%) and 25 (40%) of cases, respectively. The most common method of reconstruction was free tissue transfer (27, 44%) followed by local skin (15, 24%) or fascia (9, 15%) flaps. There was a 15% (9/62) complication rate; 89% (8/9) of these occurred in radiated tissues and 44% (4/9) occurred in smokers. Seven of the nine patients with complications (78%) were managed with local wound care and/or removal of an implant, whereas 2 (22%) required a second reconstructive procedure. All patients ultimately achieved a safe outcome with no infection and no bone or dural exposure.

Conclusions:

In addition to defect location and extent, availability of surrounding tissue and wound healing characteristics direct reconstruction. Patients who receive radiation therapy are at increased risk of complications. Use of vascularized tissue is critical for successful management, making local flaps and free tissue transfer the mainstay of reconstruction. Laryngoscope, 121:2305‐2312, 2011