bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the epitranscriptome by native RNA sequencing
Authors: Begik Oguzhan , Mattick John S. , Novoa Eva Maria
Published: September 2022

Chemical RNA modifications, collectively referred to as the “epitranscriptome,” are essential players in fine-tuning gene expression. Our ability to analyze RNA modifications has improved rapidly in recent years, largely due to the advent of high-throughput sequencing methodologies, which typically consist of coupling modification-specific reagents, such as antibodies or enzymes, to next-generation sequencing. Recently, it also became possible to map RNA modifications directly by sequencing native RNAs using nanopore technologies, which has been applied for the detection of a number of RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridine (Ψ), and inosine (I). However, the signal modulations caused by most RNA modifications are yet to be determined. A global effort is needed to determine the signatures of the full range of RNA modifications to avoid the technical biases that have so far limited our understanding of the epitranscriptome.
Geodziedzictwo w lesie – o śladach lądolodu na Pałukach
Authors: Górska-Zabielska Maria
Published: September 2022

The aim of the research is to make an inventory of nine large erratic boulders lying in situ in the forested areas of Pałuki in the north-east Wielkopolska (West Poland). Due to their location unchanged since the deglaciation times, they can be used to establish the chronology of the deglaciation of the last ice sheet in north-western Poland. The knowledge of large erratic boulders along with other elements of geodiversity of Pałuki, a peripheral tourist region, is a potential for the development of geotourism, which in turn can be a driving force for the sustainable development of the region. Field work was used to collect data characterizing individual boulders and indicating their source area in Scandinavia, if they represent the indicator type of an erratic. Attention was paid to the record of sub/inglacial and periglacial processes affecting the foreland of the melting ice sheet, as well as contemporary morphogenetic processes. The detailed description of the boulders emphasized their scientific, cognitive, educational, upbringing, cultural, conservation, pro-environmental and recreational importance. The location of the erratic boulders in the forest makes them interesting targets for tourism in naturally valuable areas. In the age of changing social expectations with regard to forest functions in favor of social, educational (ecological education) and tourist and recreational functions, their good promotion is necessary, preceded by expert research. This paper provides such knowledge transfer.
Η κρίση στο Διεθνές Κομμουνιστικό Κίνημα και η επίδρασή του στο Κομμουνιστικό Κίνημα στην Ελλάδα και τους πολιτικούς πρόσφυγες (1956-1976)
Authors: Νικολαϊδου Ελένη
Published: September 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή ερευνά την πολιτική πορεία της ΕΣΣΔ μετά το θάνατο του Ι.Στάλιν καθώς και την επίδραση της αλλαγής του πολιτικού σκηνικού της ΕΣΣΔ στο εξόριστο ΚΚΕ. Επιχειρεί να καταγράψει στην προώθηση των Ελλήνων Πολιτικών Προσφύγων στις Λαϊκές Δημοκρατίες και την ΕΣΣΔ κάτω από τις συνθήκες της πολιτικής προσφυγιάς. Η παρούσα έρευνα χωρίζεται σε τέσσερα μέρη.Στο πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής αναλύεται και μελετάται το πρωτογενές υλικό των τριών καθοριστικών Συνεδρίων του ΚΚΣΕ, τα οποία έκριναν και τη νέα πορεία της Σ.Ε.. Η διαπιστωμένη πολιτική «στροφή» του ΚΚΣΕ προκάλεσε αναταράξεις και διεθνώς αλλά και ειδικότερα στις γραμμές των πολιτικών προσφύγων οι οποίοι εκτός από τις νέες συνθήκες διαβίωσης που είχαν να διαχειριστούν έπρεπε να αποδεχτούν ή όχι τα νέα δεδομένα. Στο δεύτερο μέρος ακολουθείται η πορεία των πολιτικών προσφύγων αμέσως μετά την ήττα του εμφυλίου πολέμου. Καταγράφεται η διαφυγή τους από την Αλβανία η εγκατάσταση στις ΛΔ και την ΕΣΣΔ, οι συνθήκες διαβίωσης και οι δυσκολίες προσαρμογής. Επίσης εξετάζεται η κρίση του Σεπτεμβρίου του 1955 ανάμεσα στα μέλη του ΚΚΕ στην Τασκένδη, η σφοδρή σύγκρουσή τους και η διάσπασή τους. Ακολουθεί ανάλυση των αιτιών και των συνθηκών που οδήγησαν στην καθαίρεση του Γενικού Γραμματέα του ΚΚΕ Νίκου Ζαχαριάδη. Επισημαίνεται ο παρεμβατικός ρόλος των Σοβιετικών.Στο τρίτο μέρος της διατριβής γίνεται προσπάθεια καταγραφής των διώξεων που υπέστησαν μέλη του ΚΚΕ κατά τη διάρκεια της πολιτικής τους εξορίας. Όντας εξόριστοι υπέστησαν διωγμούς, φυλακίσεις, εξορίες με μόνη αιτία την πολιτική διαφωνία με το ΚΚΕ ή με το ΚΚΣΕ. Παρατίθεται ονομαστικός κατάλογος, όπου υπάρχει αυτή η δυνατότητα καθώς και χαρακτηριστικές περιπτώσεις ομάδων που υπέστησαν διωγμούς.Στο τέταρτο μέρος παρουσιάζονται δύο περιοδικά, η «Αναγέννηση» και ο «Επαναστάτης». Και τα δύο αυτά περιοδικά εμφανίστηκαν στο πολιτικό προσκήνιο πολύ αργότερα από τα γεγονότα που περιγράφονται στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο. Εκπροσωπούν όμως την ομάδα των πρώην, πλέον, μελών του ΚΚΕ που διαφώνησε με τη «στροφή» του ΚΚΣΕ ή με τη διενέργεια της 6ης πλατειάς ολομέλεια του ΚΚΕ η οποία είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την αποπομπή του Νίκου Ζαχαριάδη. Τα δύο αυτά περιοδικά εμφανίστηκαν μόλις η Κίνα έκανε διακριτή τη διαφωνία της με τη Σοβιετική Ένωση. Γίνεται προσπάθεια ερμηνείας της πολιτικής τους κατεύθυνσης και της κοινής τους, τελικά, πορείας, ΟΜΛΕ και ΜΛΟ, καθώς και της διάσπασής τους. Ο σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η συγκέντρωση υλικού, η μελέτη του και η εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων που θα φωτίσουν την ιστορική αυτή περίοδο. Συμπερασματικά κατατίθεται έρευνα στην οποία εφαρμόζεται η ιστορική έρευνα, με συστηματική και αντικειμενική εντόπιση των πηγών, αξιολόγηση και σύνθεση των στοιχείων για να εξαχθούν τα συμπεράσματα για τα γεγονότα του παρελθόντος.
Ενισχύσεις δομικών στοιχείων οπλισμένου σκυροδέματος
Authors: Τσακίρης Στέφανος
Published: September 2022

Η ύπαρξη πολλών κατασκευών που σχεδιάστηκαν με παλαιότερους κανονισμούς που δεν καλύπτουν τις σύγχρονες απαιτήσεις αντισεισμικότητας, καθιστά προφανή την ανάγκηεπέμβασης για ενίσχυση ή επισκευή τους για λόγους ασφαλείας με προηγμένα σύνθετα υλικά.(Fardis et al. 2007, Bournas et al. 2009, Mirmiran et al. 1997, Rousakis et al. 2004, Samiet al. 2010). Η παρούσα διατριβή αφορά στην πειραματική διερεύνηση της συμπεριφοράς υποστυλωμάτων από ωπλισμένο σκυρόδεμα, τα οποία είναι κατασκευασμένα σύμφωνα μεπαλαιότερους κανονισμούς σκυροδέματος και έχουν ενισχυθεί καμπτικά και διατμητικά με ελάσματα και υφάσματα ινοπλισμένων πολυμερών, υπό συνθήκες ψευδοσεισμικής φόρτισης.Για το σκοπό αυτό κατασκευάστηκαν τέσσερα δοκίμια σε φυσική κλίμακα σε δύο διαφορετικές διατομές (450mmx200mm και 300mmx300mm) ύψους 2000mm και με μάτισητου διαμήκους οπλισμού (540mm κατά ΕΚΩΣ1954) και χωρίς μάτιση, κατηγορίας σκυροδέματος C16/20 και χάλυβα S500. Η ενίσχυσή τους έγινε καμπτικά με την χρήση κορδονιού με ίνες άνθρακα NSM (sikawrap fx 50c) και διατμητικά με την χρήση ανθρακοϋφασμάτων (sikawrap 600c και sikawrap 230c) με στόχο την αύξηση της καμπτικής τους ικανότητας κατά περίπου 30%. Έγινε επανάληψη της ίδιας πειραματικής διαδικασίας όπως και στα αρχικά δοκίμια (δοκίμια αναφοράς) και γίνονται συγκρίσεις μεταξύ των ενισχυμένων και των αρχικών δοκιμίων με σκοπό την διεξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων για την αποτελεσματικότητα των ενισχύσεων των υποστυλωμάτων με την χρήση σύνθετων υλικών καθώς και τις διαφορές της συμπεριφοράς των δοκιμίων. Στοιχεία που ελέγχονται είναι η αντοχή, η δυσκαμψία, η πλαστιμότητα, η ικανότητα παραμόρφωσης και η ικανότητα απορρόφησης ενέργειας των δοκιμίων. Η φόρτιση γίνεται με προκαθορισμένη μετατόπιση με μέγιστη τα 50mm.Στα πειράματα που έγιναν στο ισχυρό τοιχίο του εργαστηρίου ωπλισμένου σκυροδέματος του Δ.Π.Θ. , ο σεισμός προσομοιώθηκε με την επιβολή οριζόντιας μετατόπισης από υδραυλικό έμβολο της MTS (σε ύψος 1500mm) και τα φορτία της κατασκευής ανωδομής προσομοιώνονται με την επιβολή αξονικής σταθερής δύναμης 400KN από υδραυλικό γρύλο. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν αρκετά μετρητικά όργανα όπως space ages σε τρείς στάθμες αναφοράς έως το ύψος των 350mm από τη βάση (περίπου όσο και το μήκος της πλαστικής άρθρωσης που αναμένεται να σχηματιστεί) για την μέτρηση της στροφής της διατομής, strain gauges πάνω οπλισμούς για την μέτρηση της παραμόρφωσής τους και space age στο ύψος της επιβολής του οριζόντιου φορτίου για τη μέτρηση της οριζόντιας μετατόπισης στη στάθμη εκείνη.
Η ιστορία του αναρχικού κινήματος στην Ελλάδα (1974-2008)
Authors: Τσιούμας Αριστοτέλης
Published: September 2022

Στην παρούσα διατριβή καταγράφεται η πολιτική ιστορία του αναρχικού κινήματος στην Ελλάδα την περίοδο από την Μεταπολίτευση (1974) μέχρι και το 2008, όταν και ξέσπασαν μεγάλες κοινωνικές ταραχές (Δεκέμβριος). Μέσα από την εξέταση εκατοντάδων φύλλων του καθημερινού και αναρχικού τύπου, την έρευνα σε αρχειακά τεκμήρια και την ταξινόμηση των ιστορικών στοιχείων σε χρονικές ακολουθίες αλλά και θεματικές αναδεικνύεται ο λόγος και η δράση του σύγχρονου αναρχικού κινήματος, το οποίο αναπτύσσεται σταδιακά στη χώρα με σημείο έναρξης τα χρόνια της στρατιωτικής δικτατορίας (1967-1974). Η εργασία τέμνει την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο σε τέσσερα χρονικά διαστήματα ενώ ορίζει θεματικές με βάση τον πολιτικό λόγο και την κοινωνική δράση των αναρχικών σε κάθε ένα από αυτά, όπως εργασία, περιβάλλον, παιδεία, φυλακές, κ.ά, ενώ επίσης εισάγει τον αναγνώστη στο ζήτημα με μια θεωρητική προσέγγιση των διάφορων ρευμάτων του αναρχικού κινήματος, όπως επίσης και με την επισκόπηση της ιστορικής περιόδου πριν την Μεταπολίτευση και την εκδήλωση του στρατιωτικού πραξικοπήματος. (1949-1967).
Different modalities of the treatment of Rasmussen encephalitis: A systematic review of case reports of a rare disease
Authors: Chamlagain Rajan , Shah Sangam , Thapa Sangharsha , Kandel Bipin , Dhital Roman , Sharma Paudel Basanta , Poudel Sujan , Ishak Angela , Aryal Vinayak , Youssef Pamela , J. Nedd Kester
Published: September 2022

Background: Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare chronic neurological disorder that presents with progressive neurological and cognitive deterioration, and intractable seizures that lacks definitive management. We aimed to identify case reports of RE in the literature to assess the treatment based on the symptoms and outcomes after the treatment.

Methods: We searched the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from 1990 to 22nd February 2022 in order to review the case reports that included the treatment options and clinical outcomes of RE. A pre-established protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (ID: CRD42021261999).

Results: The mean age of onset of seizure was 31.44 and 6.87 years in adult onset RE and children (below 15 years of age) with RE respectively. A total of four (44.44%) out of nine adult patients and 81 (66.39%) out of 122 children underwent surgery. Tacrolimus was used in 17 (13.93%) and steroid therapy was used in 11 (9.01%) of the children.

Conclusions: Large scale-controlled trials are needed to study the beneficial effect of tacrolimus, IV Ig, and plasma therapy. Hemispherectomy should be opted as a treatment modality by assessing the impairment of patients’ motor or language functions following the treatment procedure.
Factors Associated with National Health Insurance Coverage in Indonesia
Authors: Sukartini Tintin , Arifin Hidayat , Kurniawati Yulia , Pradipta Rifky Octavia , Nursalam Nursalam , Acob Joel Rey Ugsang
Published: September 2022

Background: The National Health Insurance (NHI) program is the Indonesian government's national health program. However, health insurance coverage has not been maximized. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with health insurance coverage in Indonesia.  

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional data were obtained from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. A total of 39,580 respondents were selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The data come from the DHS Questionnaire Phase 7. In this study, we explored age, education level, wealth quintiles, residence, the number of children who are alive, marital status, current employment status, earnings, and health insurance status in relation to health insurance coverage. Then, we analyzed the data using chi-squared and binary logistic analyses.  

Results: The prevalence of health insurance coverage in the Indonesian population is 62.3%. Respondent aged 15-24 years [AOR=0.88; 95% CI=0.77-1.00], secondary education level [AOR=0.44; 95% CI=0.41-0.47], poorer wealth index [AOR=0.76; 95% CI=0.71-0.82], live in rural area [AOR=0.78; 95% CI=0.75-0.82], divorced [AOR=0.72; 95% CI=0.63-0.83] were less likelihood to have health insurance. Conversely, the respondent who received earnings [AOR=1.25; 95% CI=1.18-1.32] was more likely to have health insurance. 

Conclusion: This finding pointed to education level, economic status, and demographic area such as respondents who lived in rural areas should more pay attention to NHI. Intervention through the provision of appropriate information about NHI should be promoted.
Od konsumenta do fachowca. O tendencjach we współczesnej książce kulinarnej dla młodych czytelników
Authors: Staniów Bogumiła
Published: September 2022

Artykuł opisuje najważniejsze tendencje we współczesnej książce kulinarnej dla dzieci w Polsce. Na podstawie analizy wydawnictw z lat 2016–2020 zarysowano kilka wyraźnych kierunków rozwoju tych publikacji. Wciąż ukazują się książki kucharskie, które edukują i mają dostarczać pomysłów do zabaw małych czytelników w kuchni. Nowościami na rynku są pozycje dotyczące głodu i nadmiaru jedzenia, a także zbilansowanych i zdrowotnych diet. Pojawił się też – powiązany z mediami – nowy trend, który czyni z dziecka smakosza i eksperta w kuchni.
VARIATIONS IN BOLT FACE FORCES IN SMALL CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS DUE TO CARTRIDGE CASE MATERIAL
Authors: CHAPLIN RAYMOND , GUBERNAT DANIEL
Published: September 2022

When a round is fired in small arms applications the pressure in the cartridge case imparts significant force on the bolt face and in turn the bolt lugs. As several efforts are underway to replace brass with lighter or stronger materials it is of utmost importance to characterize how these materials effect the forces seen by the bolt face. In this report a test fixture is developed that can measure the force seen by the bolt during firing. Modeling is also performed to determine its predictive capability in this application. It is shown that the cartridge case material has a significant effect on bolt face forces. Based on material selection bolt face forces can increase by approximately 66% for a similar pressure load. It is further shown that Finite Element Analysis is a useful tool in predicting bolt face forces within 10% of live fire testing.
DETERMINATION OF GUN PROPELLANT BALLISTIC PARAMETERS WITH A FOCUS ON FLAME SPREAD AND GRAIN DIMENSIONAL VARIATION
Authors: TONDER BRONWYN VAN , SCHABORT VIC , KNOETZE HANSIE
Published: September 2022

In interior ballistic simulations, the burn time can be affected by the burn rate, propellant dimensions and flame spread. Standard IB models assume that grains are symmetric with no variation in dimensions, with instantaneous homogeneous ignition. This paper evaluates the contribution of grain dimensional variation (specifically the web), asymmetry and flame spread in a single base propellant with a single perforated grain geometry. It is shown that flame spread has the dominant effect on burn time, followed by web dimensional variation and lastly asymmetry. The implementation of these effects also leads to a simulated result that is more representative of the experimental curve in the closed vessel especially in the burnout phase.
LOW TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY ROCKET PROPELLANT
Authors: MANNING THELMA G. , GRAU HENRY , FAIR MICHAEL , PEABODY NATHAN , ROZUMOV EUGENE , PANCHAL VIRAL
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this effort is to develop propellants with reduced oxygen balance and low molecular weight. This is to achieve increased performance results as well as low temperature and pressure sensitivity characteristics. Theoretical estimates of heat formation for these molecules were made and propellant performances were calculated. In these materials, as the oxygen balance was decreased, a lower temperature sensitivity could be achieved as well as a higher specific impulse and an increase in the drop height. The propellant should have a high but steady burn rate that exhibits low-pressure and temperature sensitivity. The main objective of this study is to characterize and evaluate a new energetic plasticizer. This will be comprised of a eutectic mixture of linear dinitrodiazaalkanes energetic materials, named as DNDA-57. This will consist of numerous chemical and thermal characterization, including safe handling and small scale sensitivity testing. This paper will discuss the DNDA-57 material evaluation at a preliminary level.
TOWARDS A DROP-IN REPLACEMENT SUBSONIC CAPABILITY FOR NATO SMALL ARMS
Authors: SAUVÉ JAMES A. , JAANSALU KEVIN M.
Published: September 2022

While subsonic ammunition has been of military interest for years, particularly for covert operations, significant limitations of current offerings have prevented its adoption including the inability to cycle an automatic action. This and other limitations were investigated through a design exercise to establish the feasibility of a drop-in replacement relevant to the Canadian Armed Forces using commercial off the shelf components. A survey and stability analysis of commercially available 5.56 mm projectiles led to the selection of the 90 grain Sierra Matchking for this design. Three different cartridge configurations were investigated in order to evaluate the effect of reducing cartridge volume on key internal ballistic variables. A cycling impulse model was developed in order to rank candidate designs on their ability to cycle a prescribed automatic weapon. Cartridge volume, in terms of standard cartridge, straight internal bore, and custom internal diameter to realize 95% load density, was explored as a means of increasing the load density of subsonic ammunition in order to reduce muzzle velocity variance and thus increase accuracy. However, the accuracy gained by reducing cartridge volume is shown to cause significant tradeoffs in cycling impulse. Live fire testing was performed in order to determine the minimum cycling impulse required to cycle the test weapon. The results also indicate that there may exist a threshold load density above which load density does not play a significant role in muzzle velocity variance. Thus, an objective of maximizing load density may overconstrain the design for minimal benefit.
CARTRIDGE HEATING IN HOT GUNS
Authors: YAGLA JON J. , ANDERSON GEORGE A.
Published: September 2022

When a gun fires, hot propellant grains and gas heat the barrel. Repeated firing causes barrels to become very hot. If a cartridge is loaded into a hot barrel and, for whatever reason, cannot be promptly fired or ejected, a potentially dangerous situation exists. The round may cook–off. With explosive loaded ammunition, there is the main charge and usually a fuse. The fuse can contain a number of pyrotechnic devices, e.g. time delay charge, booster for detonating the main charge, and multiple divert charges for guidance systems. If any of these cook–off, there may be serious consequences, including complete destruction of the weapon, damage to vehicles or ships, and loss of life. The paper provides a mathematical analysis of heat flowing into a cartridge from a hot barrel. Cook–off is explained. We show how to apply data from routine fast cook–off safety tests to projectile heating.
ON THE TECHNICAL WAYS TO IMPROVE THE MUZZLE VELOCITY OF A CALIBER ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN
Authors: GUO YINGHUA , LI RUIJING , LIU WEI , DONG YANCHENG
Published: September 2022

With the development of missile technology, the combat mission of antiaircraft artillery has changed from attack to defense. Due to its light weight, large ammunition reserve and continuous firing for a long time, medium caliber antiaircraft artillery is still an effective weapon against high-altitude, hollow and shore attacks [1-3]. In order to further improve the survivability of the ship, further shorten the reaction time of the weapon, improve the firing accuracy and shorten the flight time of the projectile are the main technical means that can be applied. The muzzle velocity is the main factor affecting the flight time. Based on the latest development of internal ballistics and charging technology [4-5], this paper calculates and analyzes from the aspects of lengthening barrel, using sub caliber projectile, using Dun propellant technology with high increased surface and high loading density, increasing the maximum chamber pressure of gun and increasing the volume of gun chamber, obtains the influencing factors of increasing muzzle velocity, and focuses on the feasibility of increasing muzzle velocity. The analysis shows that in order to increase the muzzle velocity of 76mm gun, lengthening barrel, increasing chamber pressure, adopting insensitive propellant technology and reducing projectile weight are the main factors affecting the muzzle velocity of 76mm gun, while increasing chamber volume has little effect. Therefore, the muzzle velocity of the gun should be greatly increased. If the barrel is extended by 1m (the extension increase is 22%), the sudden propellant is used (the charge amount is increased by about 14%), the projectile weight is reduced to 3.5kg (the reduction range is 40%), and the chamber pressure is increased to 400MPa (the copper column pressure is about 357mpa, increased by 20%), the muzzle velocity can reach 1398m / s, and the muzzle velocity increase range is 42.6%. The analysis of this paper provides a certain reference for the technical transformation of a caliber gun.
RESEARCH ON LOW OVERLOAD EJECTION OF SMALL PROJECTILE BASED ON PROPELLANT GAS
Authors: LIU WEI , GUO YING-HUA , DONG YAN-CHENG , LI RUI-JING , ZHAO MENG
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent projectile is gradually becoming an indispensable weapon in modern high-tech war. Small low-cost intelligent projectile has the advantages of good concealment, strong mobility and high combat efficiency cost ratio [1-2]. The development of intelligent projectile is an important link in the process of carrying out combat tasks, which directly determines whether the aircraft can take off smoothly [3]. Small low-cost intelligent projectile must meet two conditions: (1) have a certain high orbit speed to maintain aircraft stability; (2) In order to meet the demand of low cost, the impact overload borne by the guiding head, communication module and other components of projectile is limited, that is, the launching process of projectile must have low overload characteristics. Scholars from various countries have developed extensive and indepth research on the ejection methods of small projectiles, including high-pressure gas ejection [4], electromagnetic ejection [5], rocket assisted ejection [6], artillery direct launch [7] and ejection launch [8].According to the low overload ejection requirements of a small low cost intelligent projectile, a method was proposed to realise low overload ejection of the small projectile by using propellant gas based on the high-low pressure launching theory. The interior ballistic mathematical model of the projectile ejection was established and the numerical simulation was finished. Based on the simulation result, a low overload ejection device for propellant gas was designed. With this device, an ejection experiment study of the small intelligent projectile was carried out. The test results indicate that while the impact overload of the projectile is less than 60g ， the velocity the projectile leaving the barrel is more than 45m/s. The experimental results show that it is feasible to realize low overload ejection of small projectile by using propellant gas. The simulation results agree well with the test . The mathematical model can describe the projectile ejection process well. The research work provides theoretical and experimental basis for realizing low overload ejection process of small low cost intelligent projectile by using propellant gas.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF A CASED TELESCOPED AMMUNITION GUN BASED ON THE SOFT RECOIL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: HAN RUFENG , NIU TIANHONG , KE BIAO , LI RUI , LIU YE
Published: September 2022

Aimed at the object of the recoil minimization of a cased telescoped ammunition (CTA) gun with the soft recoil system, a dynamic model was established based on the characteristics and the assumptions of the fire-out-of-battery (FOOB) principle and dynamic characteristics were obtained by numerical simulation analysis. Based on these results, an optimization model was established to reduce the recoil, and the key parameters of the firing platform were optimized by the optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the maximum recoil was reduced about 10% without affecting system performance, which effectively improved the firing stability and the overall performance of the weapon system.
BENEFITS OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE STATISTICAL VARIATION OF WARHEAD EFFECTS IN V/L SIMULATIONS
Authors: ARCHAMBAUD CÉDRIC
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with modeling of weapon as input data for vulnerability / lethality simulation. This kind of simulation is very commonly used in acquisition programs. These models are used in lethality and vulnerability codes to assess the interaction of weapon effects with targets. This document will present a more realistic model of high explosive warhead effects in Vulnerability/Lethality (V/L) codes. The classical terminal ballistic models used in V/L calculation usually give a single value of penetration / perforation capacity for a given configuration. Our idea is to improve our models by taking into account the random aspect of terminal ballistics and warhead mechanics. These random phenomenon’s need to be included in simulations to obtain higher fidelity and accuracy in the results.
Treatment of Extra-Intestinal Clostridioides difficile Abscess following Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Chatterjee Tulika , Roy Moni , Ahmad Sharjeel
Published: September 2022

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) commonly presents with diarrhoea, colitis, and in more severe cases, toxic megacolon. Extraintestinal Clostridioides difficile infection (EI CDI) is rarely reported. Intraabdominal abscesses are the most commonly reported EI CDI presentation. EI CDI-associated bacteraemia, as well as bone, lung, and even intracranial infections have been reported in the literature. EI CDI is usually seen in patients with multiple comorbidities. Due to the rarity of cases, no clear treatment guidelines exist, but metronidazole and vancomycin have been primarily used to treat EI CDI and additional antibiotics have been used for treatment when the isolates are polymicrobial. We report a case of a patient with significant comorbidities who developed EI CDI following acute ruptured appendicitis. She was successfully treated with drainage of abscess and intravenous metronidazole followed by oral metronidazole.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Associated with Surface Sediment Contamination in the Bhima River, Karnataka, India
Authors: Chinmalli Rajshekar , Vijaykumar Katepaga
Published: September 2022

The quality of the sediment is negatively impacted by the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The Bhima River, which supports a sizable population and is a significant location for agricultural production, is susceptible to PTEs pollution. In this research, we examined concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) with Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu), Iron(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Cadmium(Cd), and Lead(Pb) in sediment samples collected from eight different chosen sites near temples where rituals are performed, close to farming activities, bridge structures, and sewage sludge dumping areas during the period of October 2020 to September 2021. PTEs were detected using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The obtained results have been out into succeeding arrangement Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd. To evaluate the pollution status, the geo accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment ratio (ER), and pollution load index (PLI) were used for measuring sediment contamination. ER values for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cd were greater than 5, indicating a significant level of contamination by these metals. The ER demonstrated that high Cd was present at almost all sampling sites. Cu had the greatest Igeo values at the S3 site, while Cd had the highest Igeo values in all the sites. According to the PLI, site S4 was more polluted. This evidence points to a lithogenic effect on the river's metal contamination. Cu, Mn, and Cd concentrations are expected to have a negative impact on benthic organisms. Furthermore, principal component analysis and cluster analysis discovered as agricultural run-off, bridge building, lead battery use, and sewage sludge were the leading causes of sediment quality degradation in the research area. It is vital to monitor the PTEs concentration in this sediment regularly because of its long-term effect.
Assessment of Respiratory Morbidity and Epidemiological Survey of Tobacco Smokers and Non-Smokers Among Educated Young Adults in Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan: A Case Study
Authors: Ghosh Buddhadev , Nayek Sukanta , Padhy Pratap Kumar
Published: September 2022

Tobacco smoking among adults have become a serious health concern worldwide due to its increasing addicting nature. Tobacco smoke contains highly harmful gaseous and volatile chemical substances that impair the respiratory system and reduce lung function capacity. The study's primary objectives were to investigate the cause of smoking, behaviour of smokers, social responsibility, family history of the smoker, and significant respiratory health problems among young educated adults. The survey was conducted with some pre-framed questionnaires and screening relevant to the subjects for our study. The respiratory health assessment was carried out by questionnaire-based personal interviews for different respiratory and non-respiratory health symptoms. Subsequently, the lung function or pulmonary function test (LFT or PFT) for selected individuals was performed, revealing the lung performances of smokers and non-smokers. The LFT or PFT test predicts the normal and abnormal breathing patterns of exposed and non-exposed studied groups. The significant findings indicated that curiosity (72%) and displaying of smartness were the leading cause of smoking in early adulthood (16 to 20 years). Family history of smoking also influenced young adults to initiate regular smoking. Smoking within thirty minutes after waking up in the morning was - a habit in 52% of smokers. Findings revealed that 50% of the heavy smokers smoke 11-15 units daily. The average weekly expenditure for the smoking materials was INR 100 to 150 (26.32%) rupees for smokers. Spirometric indices such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), percentage forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), showed a reduced performance of lungs in smokers as compared to their fellow non-smokers. This study has focused on the smoking behaviour of educated young adults and revealed the presence of different respiratory symptoms in smokers than non-smokers, which is an immerging health issue. The study revealed that smokers grouped are more susceptible to lung diseases than non-smokers in the future due to their reduced lung function capacity compared to non-smokers.
Klinik Menulis Artikel Ilmiah Populer dengan Aplikasi KBM APP Bagi Guru di SMP Zainuddin Waru Sidoarjo
Authors: Sa’diyah Ilmatus , Widiwurjani Widiwurjani , Hamid Abdul
Published: September 2022

Menulis artikel ilmiah populer memang bukan pekerjaan yang mudah. Setiap orang merasakan kesulitannya, mulai dari menggali ide hingga meluangkan waktu untuk menulis. Kemampuan inilah yang dirasakan oleh bapak dan ibu guru di SMP Zainuddin Waru Sidoarjo. Mereka mengaku kesulitan menulis artikel ilmiah popular yang berbentuk esai dan opini. Hal ini dipicu dari keadaan para guru yang belum memiliki wawasan cukup tentang kepenulisan serta belum terbiasa melakukan penelitian. Guru di SMP Zainuddin Waru Sidoarjo membutuhkan motivasi dalam menulis, penulisan dengan bahasa formal, menulis nonfiksi, tata bahasa untuk menulis, menulis artikel, diksi, pengembangan paragraf, keterampilan menyambungkan kalimat, menemukan ide, merangkai kata, menyatukan ide, dan mengembangkan paragraf. Sesuai dengan uraian permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra, solusi yang diberikan adalah klinik menulis artikel ilmiah popular dengan menggunakan aplikasi KBM App. KBM adalah singkatan dari Komunitas Bisa Menulis. KBM App tersedia dalam dua versi. Ada versi aplikasi yang bisa diunduh dari google play store dan website. Namun, dalam klinik menulis ini, Guru di SMP Zainuddin, Waru, Sidoarjo akan diajarkan menulis melalui aplikasi KBM App yang tersedia di google playstore. Tujuannya adalah memudahkan guru dalam menulis ketika senggang sehingga dapat mendukung visi dari sekolah yaitu menjadi sekolah penulis. Pasalnya, Handphone adalah alat komunikasi yang selalu dibawa ke mana-mana oleh guru. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat klinik menulis artikel menggunakan aplikasi KBM App menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 66,7% guru menjawab tepat dalam menggunakan aplikasi ini dan merasa puas dalam kegiatan pelatihan menulis artikel berdasarkan pengisian kuesioner secara online. Selain itu 50% guru juga merasa sangat mudah dalam menggunakan aplikasi KBM App untuk menulis suatu artikel ilmiah.
Çocukların Dış Mekânda Oyun Oynama Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞENÖZ Eslem Gözde , KÜÇÜKTURAN Güler
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 60-72 aylık okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının oyun oynama eğilimlerini belirlemek ve oyun oynama eğilimlerini dışarıda oyun oynama sıklıkları ve oyun oynama şekilleri (tek başına, yetişkinle veya akranla) değişkenleri açısından incelemektir. Ek olarak, pandemi sürecinde çocukların oyun oynama sıklığında değişim olup olmadığı ve ebeveynlerin çocuklarının oyunlarına katılıp katılmadıkları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada betimsel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 60-72 aylık okul öncesi dönem çocukları ve bu çocukların ebeveynleri oluşturmaktadır. Toplamda 132 çocuk ve ebeveynlerine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Genel Bilgi Formu ve Çocuklar İçin Oyun Oynama Eğilimi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde veri seti normal dağılım göstermediği için non-parametrik analiz yöntemlerinden Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, araştırmaya katılan çocukların oyun oynama eğilimlerinde incelenen değişkenler açısından anlamlı bir farklılaşma tespit edilmemiştir. Öte yandan, ebeveynlerden alınan yanıtlar doğrultusunda, araştırmaya katılan çocukların büyük çoğunluğunun dışarıda oyun oynama sıklıklarının COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde azaldığı ve ebeveynlerin çocuklarının oyunlarına çoğunlukla katıldıkları belirlenmiştir.
Scattering analysis of two-dimensional Airy beams by typical non-spherical particles
Authors: Cui Zhiwei , Wang Ju , Ma Wanqi , Wu Fuping
Published: September 2022

The scattering of structured light beams by various particles is an important subject of research with myriad practical applications, such as the manipulation, measurement, and diagnosis of small particles. We carry out an analysis of the scattering of two-dimensional (2D) Airy beams by typical non-spherical particles. The electric and magnetic field vectors of the incident Airy beams are derived by introducing a vector potential in the Lorenz gauge. The scattered fields of the particles are obtained by utilizing the method of moments based on surface integral equations. Some numerical simulations for the scattering of 2D Airy beams by several selected non-spherical particles are performed and analyzed. Especially, a spheroidal particle is taken as an example, and the effects of various parameters describing the 2D Airy beams on its differential scattering cross section are examined. It is expected that this work will be helpful for understanding the interactions of 2D Airy beams with non-spherical particles and their further applications.
Window filtering algorithm for a low repetition rate pulsed laser coherent combination system
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Cao Jie , Hao Qun , Cheng Yang , Dong Liquan , Xiong KaiXin , Han Bin , Liu XueSheng
Published: September 2022

The multi-dithering method has been well verified in the phase-locking of polarization coherent combination experiments. However, it is difficult to apply to low repetition rate pulsed laser coherent combination, since there exists an overlap in the frequency domain between the pulse laser and the large amplitude-phase noise resulting in traditional filters being unable to effectively separate the phase noise. Aiming to solve the problem, we propose, to the best of our knowledge, a novel method of pulse noise detection, identification, and filtering based on the autocorrelation characteristics between noise signals. The self-designed adaptive window filtering algorithm can effectively filter the pulse signal doped in the phase noise around 0.1 ms. After the pulses are filtered out, the remaining phase noise signal is used as the input signal of the multi-dithering method for phase locking; the phase difference of two pulsed beams (10 kHz) is successfully compensated to zero; and the coherent combination of the closed-loop phase lock is realized. Simultaneously, the phase correction periods are short, the phase lock effect is stable, and the intensity of the final combined pulses rises to the ideal value (

0.9

I

m
a
x

). In addition, the adaptive window filtering algorithm we proposed can be applied to the coherent combined system of large array fiber lasers and further lay the foundation for fiber phased array lidar.
Accelerating hologram generation using oriented-separable convolution and wavefront recording planes
Authors: Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Makowski Michal , Shiomi Harutaka , Wang Fan , Hara Takayuki , Sypek Maciej , Suszek Jarosław , Nishitsuji Takashi , Shiraki Atsushi , Kakue Takashi , Ito Tomoyoshi
Published: September 2022

Recently, holographic displays have gained attention owing to their natural presentation of three-dimensional (3D) images; however, the enormous amount of computation has hindered their applicability. This study proposes an oriented-separable convolution accelerated using the wavefront-recording plane (WRP) method and recurrence formulas. We discuss the orientation of 3D objects that affects computational efficiency, which is overcome by reconsidering the orientation, and the suitability of the proposed method for hardware implementations.
Terahertz vortex beam generator carrying orbital angular momentum in both transmission and reflection spaces
Authors: Yang Li-Jing , Li Jiu-Sheng
Published: September 2022

Vortex beam generators carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with both transmission and reflection modes has broad application prospects in full-space high data capacity communication and orbital angular momentum multiplexing systems. In this work, we proposed a vanadium dioxide (VO2) assisted metasurface to independently produce and manipulate focused vortex transmission-reflection modes with different number of beams and focal lengths under right-handed circular polarized (RCP) wave incidence. The proposed metasurface generates the diagonal vortex beams, four vortex beams, and focused vortex beam for transmission mode at 1.26THz and reflection mode at 1.06THz by changing phase state of the VO2. Our work may find many potential applications in future high data capacity information multiplexing communication systems.
Ghost lineages can invalidate or even reverse findings regarding gene flow
Authors: Tricou Théo , Tannier Eric , de Vienne Damien M.
Published: September 2022

Introgression, endosymbiosis, and gene transfer, i.e., horizontal gene flow (HGF), are primordial sources of innovation in all domains of life. Our knowledge on HGF relies on detection methods that exploit some of its signatures left on extant genomes. One of them is the effect of HGF on branch lengths of constructed phylogenies. This signature has been formalized in statistical tests for HGF detection and used for example to detect massive adaptive gene flows in malaria vectors or to order evolutionary events involved in eukaryogenesis. However, these studies rely on the assumption that ghost lineages (all unsampled extant and extinct taxa) have little influence. We demonstrate here with simulations and data reanalysis that when considering the more realistic condition that unsampled taxa are legion compared to sampled ones, the conclusion of these studies become unfounded or even reversed. This illustrates the necessity to recognize the existence of ghosts in evolutionary studies.
Research on a rapid identification method for counting universal grain crops
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Shengping , Wu Wei , Zhong Xiaochun , Liu Tao
Published: September 2022

Thousand-grain weight is a key indicator of crop yield and an important parameter for evaluating cultivation measures. Existing methods based on image analysis are convenient but lack a counting algorithm that is suitable for multiple types of grains. This research develops an application program based on an Android device to quickly calculate the number of grains. We explore the short axis measurement method of the grains with morphological thought, and determine the relationship between the general corrosion threshold and the short axis. To solve the problem of calculating the number of grains in the connected area, the study proposes a corrosion algorithm based on the short axis and an improved corner point method. After testing a variety of crop grains and equipment, it was found that the method has high universality, supports grain counting with white paper as the background, and has high accuracy and calculation efficiency. The average accuracy rate is 97.9%, and the average time is less than 0.7 seconds. In addition, the difference between the average accuracy for various mobile phones and multiple crops is small. This research proposes a grain counting algorithm with a wide range of applications to meet the requirements of nonglare use in the field. The algorithm provides a fast, accurate, low-cost tool for counting grains of wheat, corn, mung bean, soybean, peanut, rapeseed, etc., which is less constrained by space and power conditions. The algorithm is highly adaptable and can provide a reference for the study of grain counting.
Development of E-ice-COLD-PCR assay combined with HRM analysis for Nucleophosmin1 gene mutation detection in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kongta Rattana , Panyasit Noppamas , Jansaento Wuttichote , Duangmano Suwit
Published: September 2022

Mutations of the nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) gene represent the most frequent molecular alteration in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), especially in patients with AML who have a normal karyotype. These alterations have been shown to carry favorable prognostic significance in patients with AML. Several methods have been developed for detection of NPM1 gene mutations. However, their ability to detect low levels of mutations in a wild-type background is limited. In this study, the Enhance improved and complete enrichment Co-amplification at Lower Denaturation temperature Polymerase Chain Reaction (E-ice-COLD-PCR) assay combined with High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis was developed and validated for highly specific and sensitive screening for NPM1 gene mutations. A total of 83 blood samples from patients with AML were collected, and their DNA was extracted. For mutational analysis, the E-ice-COLD-PCR assay for the detection of NPM1 gene mutations was developed. PCR products were analyzed by HRM analysis. All positive samples were confirmed by direct sequencing. This assay enabled detection specificity and sensitivity of NPM1 mutations in 9/83 patients with AML. Direct sequencing results were 100% concordant with this method. In addition, the limit of detection was 12.5% mutant in the final concentration of 5 ng genomic DNA. The E-ice-COLD-PCR assay with HRM analysis is a highly specific and sensitive screening method for enrichment of detecting NPM1 gene mutations. This method has both a short turn around time and easier interpretation compared to those of other methods.
Prevalence, specific and non-specific determinants of complementary medicine use in Switzerland: Data from the 2017 Swiss Health Survey
Authors: Meier-Girard Delphine , Lüthi Emmanuelle , Rodondi Pierre-Yves , Wolf Ursula
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of use of complementary medicine (CM) in Switzerland in 2017, its development since the 2012 Swiss Health Survey, and to examine specific and non-specific sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related determinants of CM use as compared to determinants of conventional health care use.

Materials and methods

We used data of 18,832 participants from the cross-sectional Swiss Health Survey conducted by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office in 2017 and compared these data with those from 2012. We defined four CM categories: (1) traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture; (2) homeopathy; (3) herbal medicine; (4) other CM therapies (shiatsu, reflexology, osteopathy, Ayurveda, naturopathy, kinesiology, Feldenkrais, autogenic training, neural therapy, bioresonance therapy, anthroposophic medicine). Independent determinants of CM use and of conventional health care use were assessed using multivariate weighted logistic regression models.

Results

Prevalence of CM use significantly increased between 2012 and 2017 from 24.7% (95% CI: 23.9–25.4%) to 28.9% (95% CI: 28.1–29.7%), respectively, p<0.001). We identified the following independent specific determinants of CM use: gender, nationality, age, lifestyle and BMI. Female gender and nationality were the most specific determinants of CM use. Current smoking, being overweight and obesity were determinants of non-use of CM, while regular consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and regular physical activity were determinants of CM use.

Conclusion

Prevalence of CM use significantly increased in Switzerland from 2012 to 2017. Gender, nationality, age, lifestyle and BMI were independent specific determinants of CM use as compared to conventional health care use. Healthier lifestyle was associated with CM use, which may have potentially significant implications for public health and preventive medicine initiatives. The nationality of CM users underlines the role of culture in driving the choice to use CM but also raises the question of whether all populations have equal access to CM within a same country.