bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembandingan Model Pembelajaran Mind Mapping dan Arias (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, Satisfaction) Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fisika
Authors: Rafika Yeni , Anggraini Welly , Fiah Rifda El
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to compare the Mind Mapping and ARIAS learning models (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, Satisfaction) to the understanding of physics concepts in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Bukit Kemuning. This study is a Quasi Experiment Design with research villages using the Pretest-Posttest Design Control Group. The selection of samples using Purposive Sampling techniques. The research samples were experimental class I (VIII 4) which applied the Mind Mapping learning model and experimental class II (VIII 6) which applied the ARIAS learning model (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, Satisfaction). Data collection instruments used were test instruments for understanding concepts (pretest and posttest) with essay questions. Based on the research results that have been calculated by the t-test with a significant level of α = 0.05 (5%) that tcount = 1.725 and ttable = 1.708 which indicates that tcount> ttable, to obtain conclusions Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected which means there is a comparison of models Mind Mapping and ARIAS on understanding the concepts of physics of students in SMP Negeri 1 Bukit KemuningAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dan ARIAS(Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, Satisfaction) terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika pada peserta didik kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Bukit Kemuning. Penelitian ini merupakan Quasi EksperimentDesign dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Sampling Purposive. Sampel penelitian yakni kelas eksperimen I (VIII 4) yang diterapkan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dan kelas eksperimen II (VIII 6) yang diterapkan  model pembelajaran ARIAS(Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, Satisfaction). Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu instrumen tes untuk pemahaman konsep (pretest dan posttest) dengan bentuk soal essai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dihitung dengan uji-t dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 (5%) bahwa thitung = 1,725 dan ttabel = 1,708 yang menunjukkan bahwa thitung> ttabel , sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak yang artinya terdapat perbandingan model Mind Mapping dan ARIAS terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika peserta didik di SMP Negeri 1 Bukit Kemuning
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Frezi pada Materi Usaha dan Energi
Authors: Amanta Fira , Gunawan Indra , Jamaluddin Wan
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to produce products through the development of Frezi-based physics learning media on business materials and energy at the VIII grade of junior high school level, knowing the feasibility of the media according to the validators and knowing the responses of students to the media. This research is R & D research. The types of data produced are quantitative and qualitative data which are analyzed by the guideline of assessment criteria to determine product feasibility. This study resulted in Frezi-based learning media products on business materials and energy at the junior high school class VIII the final product produced had shown to be very feasible with an average score of material expert assessment 81%, media experts with an average score of 80%. learning media obtained in small group trials are very good with an average score of 87%. In the field trials obtained very good criteria with an average score of 88.33%. This frezi-based physics learning media has been qualified to use as a learning mediaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk melalui pengembangan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis Frezi pada materi usaha dan energi tingkat SMP kelasVIII, mengetahui kelayakan media menurut para validator dan mengetahui respon peserta didik terhadap media. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitianR&D. Jenis data yang dihasilkan adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan pedoman kriteria penilain untuk menentukan kelayakan produk. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran berbasis Frezi pada materi usaha dan energi tingkat SMP kelas VIII produk akhir yang dihasilkan telah menunjukan sangat layak dengan skor rata-rata dari penilaian ahli materi 81%, ahli media dengan skor rata-rata 80% Respon peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran yang diperoleh pada uji coba kelompok kecil yaitu sangat baik dengan skor rata-rata 87%. Pada uji coba lapangan diperoleh kriteria sangat baik dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 88,33%. Media pembelajaran fisika berbasis Frezi ini sudah terkualifikasi digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.
Pengembangan Permainan Ular Tangga Bernuansa Islami Untuk Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Yuni Yesi Andra , Zulhanan Zulhanan , Sodikin Sodikin
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to; 1) identifies the eligibility ladder snake game in Islamic learning IPA; 2) know the response of the students against Islamic ladder snake game in learning the IPA as a learning resource that will be developed. Methods in this study using the method of research and development (Research and Development) model Borg and Gall that have been developed through dimodifiksi; 1) potential and problems; 2) data collection; 3) product design; 4) validation of the design; 5) revision of the product; 6) free trial products; 7) revision of the product. Taken only up to seven steps because of the limitations. The research data was collected by using the sheet validation, the now and the response of the learners. The results of this research are; 1) game development ladder snake islami in IPA is well worth learning is used in learning based on the results of validation experts, namely 93.5% material experts, 80.5%, media expert and expert religion 100%; 2) on the response of the students performed at the three schools earn a percentage of the feasibility of an average of 93% with a very worthy category.Abstrak: Penelitianini bertujuan untuk; 1) mengidentifikasi kelayakan permainan ular tangga islami dalam pembelajaran IPA; 2) mengetahui respon peserta didik terhadap permainan ular tangga islami dalam pembelajaran IPA sebagai sumber belajar yang akan dikembangkan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) model Borg and Gall yang telahdimodifiksi yang dikembangkan melalui; 1) potensi dan masalah; 2) pengumpulan data; 3) desainproduk; 4) validasidesain; 5) revisiproduk; 6) ujicobaproduk; 7) revisiproduk. Langkah yang diambil hanya sampai dengan tujuh langkah karena keterbatasan. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembar validasi, angket dan respon peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ini adalah; 1) pengembangan permainan ular tangga islami dalam pembelajaran IPA sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil validasi para ahli, yaitu ahli materi 93,5%, ahli media 80,5%, dan ahli agama 100%; 2) pada respon peserta didik yang dilakukan di tiga sekolah mendapatkan persentase kelayakan rata-rata sebesar 93% dengan kategori sangat layak.
Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis PEO (Predict-Observe-Explain) Menggunakan Metode Eksperimen Ditinjau dari Pemahaman Konsep Fisika
Authors: Fitriana Anggi Wulan , Yuberti Yuberti
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model assisted by the experimental method on understanding the concepts of students of class XI science. This research is a Quasi Experiment with the design of Non-Equivalent Control Design Groups. The sample selection uses Cluster Random Sampling. The research sample was the experimental class (XI IPA 1) which applied the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model assisted by the experimental method and the control class (XI IPA 2) which applied the conventional learning model. The data collection instruments used were test instruments for understanding concepts (pretest and posttest). Based on the results of the study calculated by the t-test from the results of the posttest understanding of the control class concept of 78.75 and the experimental class of 82.75 obtained tcount> t table (2.148> 2.024) with a significance value (ɑ = 0.05). So it can be concluded that Ha is accepted, meaning that there is the influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model assisted by the experimental method of understanding concepts.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) berbantu metode eksperimen terhadap pemahaman konsep peserta didik kelas XI IPA.Penelitian ini merupakan Quasi Experiment dengan desain Non-Equivalent Control Grup Design.Pemilihan sampel menggunakan Cluster Random Sampling. Sampel penelitian yakni kelas eksperimen (XI IPA 1) yang diterapkan model pembelajaran POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) berbantu metode eksperimen dan kelas kontrol (XI IPA 2) yang diterapkan  model pembelajarankonvensional. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu instrumen tes untuk pemahaman konsep (pretest dan postest). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dihitung dengan uji-tdari hasil posttest pemahaman konsep kelas kontrol sebesar 78,75 dan kelas eksperimen sebesar 82,75 memperoleh thitung> ttabel (2,148 > 2,024) dengan nilai signifikasi (ɑ = 0,05). Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima, artinya terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) berbantu metode eksperimenterhadap pemahaman konsep.
Hubungan Antara Iklim Sekolah dan Kepemimpinan Instruksional dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi
Authors: Lestari Astri , Komala Ratna , Rusdi Rusdi
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the relationship between School Climate with Biology Teacher Justice, Instructional Leadership with Biological Teacher Justice, and School Climate and Instructional Leadership together with Biology Teachers Justice. This research was conducted in Lebak District High School in Banten Province with a sample of 60 Biology Teachers. This study uses quantitative, descriptive methods with correlational techniques. This study uses a regression model with a significance level of α = 0.05 and the coefficient test with the Pearson Product Moment test α = 0.05. The results of the analysis show, there is a strong positive relationship with the climate between the School Climate and the Biology Teacher Justice, there is a positive relationship between Instructional Leadership and Biological Teacher Justice, including positive relationships with strong ties in School Climate and Instructional Leadership along with Justice Biology Teacher. The conclusion of this study is the positive relationship between the variables discussed, and the implications of this research can be made reference and evaluation materials for special educational institutions and the general public.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Iklim Sekolah dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi, Kepemimpinan Instruksional dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi, dan Iklim Sekolah dan Kepemimpinan Instruksional secara bersama-sama dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Se-Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten dengan jumlah sampel 60 Guru Biologi.Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, metode dekriptif dengan teknik korelasional. Penelitian ini mengunakan uji model regresi dengan taraf signifikansi α= 0,05 dan uji koefisien korelasi dengan uji Pearson Product Moment α=0,05. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa, Terdapat hubungan positif dengan tingkatan yang cukup kuat antara Iklim Sekolah dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi, terdapat hubungan positif antara Kepemimpinan Instruksional dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi, serta terdapat hubungan positif dengan tingkatan hubungan yang cukup kuat antara Iklim Sekolah dan Kepemimpinan Instruksional secara bersama-sama dengan Keadilan Guru Biologi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini terdapat hubungan yang positif antara ketiga variabel yang diteliti, dan implikasi dari peneltian ini bisa dijadikan bahan refensi dan evaluasi bagi institusi pendidikan khususnya dan khalayak umum.
Pembelajaran Fisika dengan Model Brain Based Learning (BBL): Dampak pada Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Diani Henda , Irwandani Irwandani , Fujiani Dwi
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This research aims to find out if there is influenceof using Brain Based Learningmodel towards students’ critical thinking skills of class XI SMAMuhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung.This study is quasy experimental research. The population in this study isclass XI SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung, sampling techniques using purposive sampling, where the class is a class experiment XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 is a class of control, this researcheffort fluid static. The instrument used to test students’ critical thinking skills isessay. Beside on the research and data management t-test analysis on a significant level = 0.05 obtained tarithmetic> ttable is3,81>1,66mean H0 rejected. The results of data analysis showed that the Brain Based  Learning  model influenced the students’ critical thinking skillsof class XI SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Bandar LampungAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Brain Based Learning terhadap keterampilanberpikir kritis siswa kelas XI SMAMuhammadiyah 2 Bandar lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Quasy experiment, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI SMAMuhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, dimana kelas XI IPA I merupakan kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI IPA 2 merupakan kelas kontrol, materi pada penelitianiniyaitufluidastatis. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk keterampilan berpikir kritis adalah tes uraian.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengelolaan data analisis uji-t pada taraf signifikan = 0,05 diperoleh thitung> ttabel  yaitu 3,81>1,66berarti H0 ditolak. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran Brain Based Learning berpengaruh terhadap keterampilanberpikir kritis siswakelas XI SMAMuhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung.
Pengembangan Lampu Sensor Berbasis Arduino Uno Sebagai ALat Peraga Fisika
Authors: Permatasari Arum , Yuberti Yuberti , Anggraini Welly
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Research and development is aimed at developing a sensor lights props, knowing validator response, educators and learners to props light-based sensor arduino uno on energy materials. This study is R&D with ADDIE models which include Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. This research resulted in the product in the form of props light-based sensor arduino uno in energy materials, response results validator terhdap props include: validator religion of 80% with very good criteria, the validator media 81% with very good criteria, validator material 75% by category well. For educators get a positive response at 85%. For learners, among others, the small group trial 81% and 82% field trials. Development props light-based sensor arduino uno on energy materials has been very good and getting a positive response.Abstrak: Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat peraga lampu sensor, mengetahui respon validator, pendidik dan peserta didik terhadap alat peraga lampu sensor berbasis arduino uno pada materi energi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D dengan model ADDIE yang meliputi Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa alat peraga lampu sensor berbasis arduino uno pada materi energi, hasil respon validator terhadap alat peraga tersebut antara lain: validator agama 80% dengan kriteria sangat baik, validator media 81% dengan kriteria sangat baik, validator materi 75% dengan kategori baik. Untuk pendidik  mendapatkan respon positif yaitu 85%. Untuk peserta didik antara lain uji coba kelompok kecil 81% dan uji coba lapangan 82%. Pengembangan alat peraga lampu sensor berbasis arduino uno pada materi energi sudah sangat baik dan mendapatkan respon positif.
Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Sebagai Sebuah Pendekatan pada Pengembangan Modul Matematika Berbasis Teori Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner
Authors: Faidah Nuzulul , Masykur Ruhban , Andriani Siska , Haerlina Lina
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study aims to develop modules based on the Multiple Intelligences Theory of Howard Gardner using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach in class VIII Middle School. This research is an R & D research which stages using the development of Borg and Gall. The instrument used in this study uses a questionnaire given to material experts and media experts to test the feasibility of this module. The research results that have been developed are feasible to be used in proper learning are used seen from the results of the validation of material experts and media experts. On the results of the media expert test obtained an average of 80% with the Criteria "Good" while the results of the material expert test obtained an average value of 84% with the criteria "Very Good". Student responses to the small group test obtained an average value of 79% with the criteria "Good", while the response of students in the field test obtained an average value of 88% with the criteria "Very Good".  Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul berbasis Teori Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner menggunakan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) di kelas VIII SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D yang tahapannya menggunakan pengembangan Borg and Gall. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket yang diberikan kepada ahli materi dan ahli media untuk menguji kelayakan modul ini.Hasil penelitian yang telah dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran layakdigunakandilihat dari hasil validasi ahli materi dan ahli media. Pada hasil uji ahli media diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 80% denganKriteria “Baik” sedangkan pada hasil uji ahli materi diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 84% dengankriteria “BaikSekali”. Adapun respon siswa pada  uji kelompok kecil diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 79% dengan kriteria “Baik”, sedangkan respon siswa pada uji lapangan diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 88% dengan kriteria “Baik Sekali”.
The Design of Resultant Force Vector Teaching AIDS For Senior High School Students
Authors: Subali Bambang , Nikmah Firda , Sumpono Imam , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: July 2019

This study aims to create the design of resultant force vector teaching aids to improve students' conceptual understandings. The method of this study is the experimental method with Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample of this study is the tenth grade of 3 natural science class (X IPA 3) as the experimental class and the tenth grade of 4 natural science class (X IPA 4) as the control class at 1 Subah Senior High School. The vector teaching aids were tested for the validity by the validator using a questionnaire. The students' responses were measured using a questionnaire. The students' concept understandings were measured from the results of the pretest and posttest scores. The result of the teaching aids' feasibility test is 98.61%, showing that the teaching aids are very feasible to use. The increase of students' concept understandings measured by the students' learning outcomes in the experimental class after using the resultant force vector teaching aids is 0.7 included in the high category. The attitude and interest responses of the students after using the teaching aids get an average percentage of 71.06% included in the high category. Based on the research results, it is recommended for the teachers to utilize the environment to create real learning
The Potential of Pepper Shell (Piper Nigrum) for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Kurniawan Widodo Budi , Indriawati Anisa , Marina Dewi , Taer Erman
Published: July 2019

A study has been carried out on supercapacitor electrodes as an electrical energy storage media based on pepper shell activated carbon. The Synthesis is done by mixing the waste carbon pepper shell with an activator HCl with a ratio of 1 : 4. Furthermore, the activated carbon is activated physically by using a pyrolysis temperature of 600 0C. The SEM results indicate that carbon has a porous morphology with a pore size of 24.6 nm which is a mesoporous category. Electrochemical properties are analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV results at the scan rate of 1 mV/s indicate the specific capacitance value generated is 0.45 Fg-1. The results showed that pepper shell waste has the potential to be used as a supercapacitor electrode material
Penanaman Nilai Spiritual dalam Dimensi Psikoterapi Islam di PP. Rehabilitasi Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Nashrun Minallah
Authors: Alawiyah Desi , Handayani Iin
Published: July 2019

The search for meaning of life can be achieved by using the dimension of spirituality to fulfill the inner needs of humans. This study was intended to describe the spiritual values instilled by the coaches of Nashrun Minallah Islamic Boarding School to students who experienced mental disorders, especially those affected by magic and genie disorders through Islamic psychotherapy. This article uses a type of qualitative research, the method of collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation, with analytical techniques using data reduction, presentation of data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study that the spiritual form shown by santri leads to positive spiritual products includes a more meaningful life, more active worship and a balance between fulfilling life in the world and in the hereafter according to the guidance of the Qur'an and as-Sunnah. The form of Islamic psychotherapy that is practiced is the therapy of prayer, dhikr and ruqyah so that someone is spared from interference from spirits.
SUBOPTIMAL CONTROL OVER LINEAR NON-STATIONARY PLANT WITH DELAY
Authors: Galiauv Elena Romanovna , Frangulova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the fact that the problem of suboptimal control over parametrically and functionally undefined linear non-stationary plant has been solved. It is supposed that only scalar input and output of plant are determinable. The purpose of control consists in subminimization of the integral with an infinite top limit from square-law sub-integral function dependent on a scalar input of the plant and a control signal. The algorithm received is simple and does not require difficult analytical accounts of parameters of a control system. The serviceability of the received algorithms is illustrated on numerical examples.
PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDING OF OPTICAL ANTENNA WITH LITHIUM NIOBATE
Authors: Igumnov Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Barabanova Elizaveta Aleksandrovna , Vytovtov Konstantin
Published: July 2019

The article highlights a promising direction for high-speed signal transmission in wireless optical communication systems, namely, the use of optical antennas. Unlike fiber-optic systems which are sufficiently advanced today, today only one patent and one work are performed to describe the optical antenna array, which describes the optical antenna array for transmitting the optical signal in telecommunication networks. An important task in creating the antenna is selecting intelligent material to control the radiation pattern. The main physical foundations of optical antenna array have been described. The antenna array is based on the mirror system and lens system. To provide the necessary phase shift, two kinds of structures are proposed: of lithium niobate and of ferrite-garnet. The main analytical expressions describing system behavior are found for the first time.
Acerca de "bóe oínope" em Ilíada XIII, 703
Authors: Barbosa Tereza Virginia Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é especular a respeito do significado do termo “oínope” in Il.XIII, 703. Proponho um novo significado a partir de um estudo da relação entre oînos, póntos e boûs no texto homérico.
¿Orfismo en el primer Aristótoles?
Authors: Femenías Maria Luísa
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que nos primeiros diálogos de Aristóteles, especialmente no Eudemo, é possível distinguir uma forte influência órfica. Mas isso não significa que o orfismo de Aristóteles deriva diretamente de Fédon de Platão. Pelo contrário, consideramos que deriva de um contexto cultural diverso e mais esparso, como procuramos mostrar.
O que era para ser ensaio sobre uma nova leitura da essência
Authors: Faria Maria do Carmo Bettencourt de
Published: July 2019

Pretendemos no decorrer deste trabalho mostrar que a expressão – o que era para ser – traduz melhor que qualquer outra até aqui proposta, a expressão grega tò tí ên einai, fartamente empregada por Aristóteles em suas análises sobre o Ser. Para isso, examinaremos a tradução tradicional desta expressão por essência e as críticas a ela feitas por alguns autores contemporâneos. Examinaremos a seguir algumas das alternativas de tradução propostas tentando apreender seu sentido. Por fim, mostraremos como pela nova tradução se espelha com clareza e precisão o sentido apontado pelos críticos, substituindo no próprio corpus aristotético o termo essência pela expressão proposta.
Medéia - o silêncio ético de Aristóteles
Authors: Coelho Maria Cecília de Miranda Nogueira
Published: July 2019

O presente ensaio faz uma análise de peça/personagem Medéia, de Eurípides, a partir da óptico/ética aristotélica. Se não fosse uma heroína trágica poderia ser Medéia, pelo menos, uma “pessoa ética”? Na Ética a Nicômaco, Eurípides é um dos pensadores mais citados por Aristóteles mas, porque o filósofo silencia sobre as ações de Medéia?
A noção de physis apresentada na 'Carta a Heródoto' de Epicuro
Authors: Silva Markus Figueira da
Published: July 2019

A Carta a Heródoto é um compêndio bastante sucinto destinado aos epicuristas de outra cidade, que já têm um determinado conhecimento da obra de Epicuro: o caráter mais importante desta epístola é a “simplicidade” do método que ela revela. Esta Carta se propõe fornecer, no domínio da física, isto é, da ciência dos fenômenos, os conhecimentos universais que permitem uma abordagem dos escritos sobre a natureza de modo geral e o estudo das coisas particulares, pois abriga o conjunto das considerações teóricas que fundamentam o estudo da física, livrando os critérios de toda explicação já proposta, e oferece os prolegómenos a todo estudo de um objeto de natureza particular no domínio das ciências físicas. Mais que isso, ela versa sobre os princípios válidos para o estudo e compreensão de phýsis.
O homossexualismo na poesia latina
Authors: Cardoso Zélia de Almeida
Published: July 2019

Há muitas referências ao homossexualismo, na poesia latina de todas as épocas, variando de autor para autor o tratamento conferido ao tema: Plauto o considera como algo risível, extraindo efeitos cômicos de personagens afeminadas: Catulo encara o fenômeno ora com leveza, fazendo brincadeiras sobre o assunto, ora com malícia e irritação; Virgílio explora com naturalidade a homossexualidade de pastores. Os poetas etegíacos trabalham com o tema à sua maneira, mostrando o amor homossexual como uma categoria especial de amor, análogo ao que se devota a namoradas e cortesãs, enquanto os satíricos o censuram, com espírito jocoso ou indignação. Diante desta multiplicidade de enfoques, estudiosos de problemas sociológicos e morais da antiguidade clássica propõem indagações sobre o caráter do homossexualismo em Roma e apresentam hipóteses sobre a questão.
Manifestações de protesto em Roma: a participação feminina
Authors: Corassin Maria Luiza
Published: July 2019

Em Tito Lívio, História romana (XXXIV, i-viii, 3), Apiano, Guerras civis (IV, 32-34) e Valéria Máximo, Ações e palavras memoráveis (VIII, iii, 3), encontram-se registradas manifestações de protesto de mulheres em Roma, contra a lei Ópia em 195 a.C, e contra o edito dos triúnviros em 43 a.C. Sem direitos de participação política, elas utilizaram as mesmas estratégias de pressão popular empregadas pelos cidadãos romanos.
O culto a Cibele em Tertuliano e Minúcio Félix
Authors: Mello Maria Martha Pimentel de
Published: July 2019

O culto a Cibele foi implantado no território Romano em 205-204 a.C., funcionando ininterruptamente, por seis séculos, até o triunfo do cristianismo. Seu ritual exótico despertava curiosidade e atraia seguidores, sobretudo mulheres, impedidas de participarem do culto mitráico. Apesar de sofrer restrições periódicas, atingiu maior importância como o imperador Cláudio, que o prestigiou por considerá-lo menos perigoso que o culto isíaco. Tertuliano e M. Félix, em suas obras apolagéticas, condenaram esse culto e sobretudo o seu ritual. Utilizando argumentos semelhantes, ou mesmo com colocações diferentes, visavam ao objetivo comum que consistia em inocentar os cristãos das penalidades impostas por não participarem dos cultos da religião oficial, principalmente aqueles dedicados ao imperador.
Prevention and conservative treatment of upper limb secondary lymphedema after mastectomy
Authors: Emmanouilidis Kosmas , Fasoi Georgia , Vlachou Eugenia , Govina Ourania , Kavga Anna , Kalemikerakis Ioannis
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Lymphedema is a frequent complication in women after mastectomy. It affects the patient's quality of life and functionality. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate and report appropriate, and evidence-based, guidelines for the prevention and treatment of secondary lymphedema of the upper extremity after mastectomy.
Methodology: Relevant Greek and international literature was searched in the electronic databases PubMed, Cinahl, Sciverse, Scopus and Proquest by using keywords and time restriction.
Results: Thirty-six papers were retrieved, of which 29 fitted the study’s inclusion criteria. These papers were addressing five categories of post-surgery interventions: Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD), Pneumatic Compression Devices (PCDs), physiotherapy exercises, weight lifting and the use of low frequency laser. MLD is a conventional method with controversial therapeutic effects. Similar are the effects of PCDs, which are predominantly used by patients even at home setting. Physiotherapy exercises are indicated to prevent lymphedema immediately after surgery, while weight lifting does not seem to have a negative effect despite current beliefs. Alternative treatments such as hydrotherapy, yoga, and low laser treatment are under investigation. Standard therapeutic approach includes Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT), i.e. the combination of Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD), Pneumatic Compression Devices (PCDs), skin care, compression bandages and physiotherapy exercises.
Conclusion: Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT) is the basis of therapeutic interventions with the remaining methods having a complementary role. However, the effectiveness of interventions is not well documented and more research is needed.
On Roots of Polynomials over F[X]/ 〈p〉
Authors: Schwarzweller Christoph
Published: July 2019

This is the first part of a four-article series containing a Mizar [3], [1], [2] formalization of Kronecker’s construction about roots of polynomials in field extensions, i.e. that for every field F and every polynomial p ∈ F [X]\F there exists a field extension E of F such that p has a root over E. The formalization follows Kronecker’s classical proof using F [X]/
 as the desired field extension E [9], [4], [6].

In this first part we show that an irreducible polynomial p ∈ F [X]\F has a root over F [X]/
. Note, however, that this statement cannot be true in a rigid formal sense: We do not have F ⊆ [X]/ < p > as sets, so F is not a subfield of F [X]/
, and hence formally p is not even a polynomial over F [X]/ < p >. Consequently, we translate p along the canonical monomorphism ϕ: F → F [X]/
 and show that the translated polynomial ϕ(p) has a root over F [X]/
.

Because F is not a subfield of F [X]/
 we construct in the second part the field (E \ ϕF )∪F for a given monomorphism ϕ : F → E and show that this field both is isomorphic to F and includes F as a subfield. In the literature this part of the proof usually consists of saying that “one can identify F with its image ϕF in F [X]/
 and therefore consider F as a subfield of F [X]/
”. Interestingly, to do so we need to assume that F ∩ E =∅, in particular Kronecker’s construction can be formalized for fields F with F \ F [X] =∅.

Surprisingly, as we show in the third part, this condition is not automatically true for arbitray fields F : With the exception of 𝕑2 we construct for every field F an isomorphic copy F
′ of F with F′ ∩ F′ [X] ≠∅. We also prove that for Mizar’s representations of 𝕑n, 𝕈 and 𝕉 we have 𝕑n ∩ 𝕑n[X] = ∅, 𝕈 ∩ 𝕈[X] = ∅and 𝕉 ∩ 𝕉[X] = ∅, respectively.

In the fourth part we finally define field extensions: E is a field extension of F i F is a subfield of E. Note, that in this case we have F ⊆ E as sets, and thus a polynomial p over F is also a polynomial over E. We then apply the construction of the second part to F [X]/
 with the canonical monomorphism ϕ : F → F [X]/
. Together with the first part this gives - for fields F with F ∩ F [X] = ∅ - a field extension E of F in which p ∈ F [X]\F has a root.
Natural Addition of Ordinals
Authors: Koch Sebastian
Published: July 2019

In [3] the existence of the Cantor normal form of ordinals was proven in the Mizar system [6]. In this article its uniqueness is proven and then used to formalize the natural sum of ordinals.
Ramondo-Ostryetum carpinifoliae – a new association from the hop-hornbeam forests of the Sharri Mountains, Kosovo
Authors: Berisha Naim , Millaku Fadil , Gashi Bekim , Matevski Vlado
Published: July 2019

In Europe, the genus Ramonda is represented with three species: Ramonda nathaliae, Ramonda serbica and Ramonda myconi. The first two are endemic Balkan species that are distributed also in Kosovo. These species grow in limestone as well as serpentine substrates, forming chasmophytic vegetation. The species Ramonda nathaliae is found in Macedonia, Greece, Serbia and in two localities in Kosovo, in the Sharri Mountains (Luboten and Gotovushë). R. nathaliae forms the following plant associations in the serpentines of Macedonia: Asplenio­Ramondetum nathaliae and Scorzonero-Ramondetum nathaliae, and the Achilleo­Ramondetum nathaliae in limestone substrates. Ostrya carpinifolia is charateristic species in Querco pubescentis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae, Ostryo-Fagetum, Querco-Ostryetum carpinifoliae and Corylo colurnae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae. This paper presents plant communities of Ramonda nathaliae and Ostrya carpinifolia in a limestone habitat, where the proposed new plant association named Ramondo­Ostryetum carpinifoliae ass. nova. is described. This plant community belongs to the class Quercetea pubescentis, order Quercetalia pubescenti­petraeae and alliance Fraxino orni­Ostryion. It was found and described on the limestone substrate on Mt. Luboteni (at 960–982 m a.s.l.).
Seasonal variation in water buffaloes’ diet grazing in wet grasslands in Northern Greece
Authors: Tsiobani Eleni T. , Yiakoulaki Maria D. , Menexes Georgios
Published: July 2019

Seasonal variability in grasslands’ vegetation affects animals’ diet selection. We studied the seasonal changes in water buffaloes’ diet during grazing in wet grasslands in Northern Greece. We recorded each month the plant species of the vegetation and the species consumed by buffaloes. We categorized the former into three functional groups (graminoids, legumes, and forbs) and the latter into five groups (graminoids, legumes, forbs, shrubs, and trees). There were significant differences in the proportions (%) of functional groups in the vegetation and in buffaloes’ diet between seasons (χ2 test, P<0.05). Graminoids, legumes, and forbs participated in buffaloes’ diet in all seasons, while the less preferred functional groups were trees and shrubs. Buffaloes consumed ten species in all seasons but we observed the most diverse diet, in terms of plant species, in spring. The most frequently consumed species in each functional group were Cynodon dactylon (graminoids), Trifolium repens (legumes), Cichorium intybus (forbs), Rubus sp. (shrubs), and Populus sp. (trees). However, the majority of plant species in buffaloes’ diet was in very low proportions (<1%), while buffaloes did not sample at all 38 herbaceous species. Researchers need to conduct further research to understand water buffaloes’ foraging strategy regarding plants’ anti-quality characteristics.
Subjective Well-Being and Job Types: New Evidence From China
Authors: Yan Meng , Shi Kai
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. The job types might be potential determinants of subjective well-being (SWB), which is seldom investigated in the current literature. This article examines this relationship by collecting data from the Chinese Household Income Project in 2013 to explore this relationship.

Approach. In line with existing studies on SWB, we apply the ordered probit model and further estimate the effects of different job types on SWB.

Findings. This article demonstrates that individuals employed by Sino-foreign joint enterprises tend to have the lowest SWB. On the contrary, those employed by the public sector and private enterprises are more likely to acquire higher satisfaction.

Practical implications. To conclude, job types are closely linked with SWB and job types should be incorporated as a crucial factor when further analysing the SWB.
The Evolution of City Labelling in the Literature
Authors: Pevcin Primož
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. Various city labels have become increasingly popular both in literature as well as in urban policy-making. It has become relatively common that cities make a proclamation that they either are or would at least like to become, smart, sustainable, digital, creative, intelligent among other things. These proclamations have become popular for the purpose of solving complex urban problems, electoral gains at the local level, and also for marketing reasons. Nevertheless, those city labels often have a blurry line, in terms of what each label represents and should stand for. It is evident that utilising appropriate city categories and labels has become a rather complex issue. Consequently, this paper would like to investigate this issue. The paper questions the dynamics how different city labels were used throughout the time and to which academic fields are specific city labels related to.

Design / Methodology / Approach. We would like to investigate the dynamics how different city labels were used throughout time and which academic fields are specifically related to labels most frequently. For this purpose, we will focus on the content analysis of topics and titles within the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Findings. The evidence suggests that the labelling depends also on the time span we are scrutinising and also on the scientific field the literature being related to. Some city labels have become popular just recently, and their appearance in specific academic fields is the differentiator. For instance, the label ‘smart city’ is currently the most important label. But it has become popular only several years ago, and this label appears most frequently in the ‘technical’ literature. The research indicates that city labelling is a rather dynamic process, since some labels are gaining and other labels are losing their popularity in time.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. The debate exists in the literature on the suitability of different city labels and terminology utilised. Some labels derive from top-down perspective, others derive from bottom-up perspective, some labels are more holistic than others, some are politically more acceptable than others, etc. Simultaneously, those city labels are often used interchangeably and sometimes they overlap. This paper would like to contribute to the scientific literature by providing additional evidence and explanations on the utilisation of particular city labels.
Consumer Involvement in the Purchasing Process: Consciousness of the Choice
Authors: Jeseviciute-Ufartiene Laima
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. Consumer is becoming demanded one in the purchasing process. Thus, consumer behaviour analyses thinking about his or her involvement in the purchase process could be a solution for marketers. This article concentrates on the consumer’s choice of food products in the purchase process because the author is interested to clarify the connection amongst choice, purchase and wasting of food. The research purpose is to evaluate the consumer’s consciousness in choosing food product in the purchase process.

Design/Methodology/Approach. Quantitative method using questionnaire was applied to 643 respondents whilst implementing formulated aim. Cronbach’s alpha analyses of 35 items (0.870) showed reliability of the research.

Findings. The research results indicated that consumer in the food purchase process is low conscious because he or she does not understand that he or she is buying more than what he or she needs and thus some of his or her purchase becomes waste. Consumer’s consciousness could be seen in the consumer’s lifestyle such as preferences for homemade food.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. The research results could be used in practice and science. Food-producing companies might use some research results making their packaging solutions. The research results could give incites for scientists for future research.
Folk-Tale Networks: A Statistical Approach to Combinations of Tale Types
Authors: D’Huy Julien
Published: July 2019

This paper is an attempt to study combinations of tale types using a networks approach and calculating the centrality index of each type (degree, betweenness, eigenvector centrality). The network of tale types seems to take the form of a ‘small world’ with a few types serving as bridges between highly connected sets of tale types. The centrality of each type also seems to depend more on its age than on how widespread it is.
The Practice of Wearing Crystals in Contemporary New Spirituality in Estonia: Supporting Oneself in Everyday Life
Authors: Teidearu Tenno
Published: July 2019

This article concentrates on the practice of wearing crystals in Estonia. The practice is currently a popular phenomenon in New Spirituality on a global scale, although it is not an entirely novel trend. Crystals are part of the materiality of New Spirituality and so the aim of the article is to emphasize the meaning-making process of this materiality and of vernacular interpretations in the practice. Following the methodology of material culture studies, I focus on mutual relationships and interaction between humans and crystals and the significances gained through practice. Based on the perspectives of vernacular religion, the practice is embedded in people’s everyday lives. People wear crystals to support their human qualities and daily activities, and in practice crystals as material objects evolve intimate and profound relationship with people.
Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic cerebral cortex cell death caused by carbofuran insecticide exposure
Authors: Luqman Epy Muhammad , Sudiana I Ketut , Darmanto Win , Achmad Agung Budianto , Widjiati
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of the study was to describe the process of neuron death in the cerebral cortex caused by embryonic carbofuran exposure.

Material and Methods

81 mouse foetuses from 27 breeding mice were used in the study. Carbofuran was administered by gavage from the 6th to the 15th day of gestation to two groups: one at 0.0208 and the other at 0.0417 mg/kg b.w. On the 17th day, the mice were sacrificed and the foetuses were taken to measure the ROS (malondialdehyde/MDA and superoxide dismutase/SOD) activity in brain tissue, the number of apoptotic embryonic cerebral cortex neurons using a TUNEL assay, and necrotic cells using HE staining. Examination of p53 and caspase 3 expression was done by immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test.

Results

Increased activity of cerebral ROS characterised by significant elevation of the MDA level (P < 0.05), decreased SOD (P < 0.01), increased p53 and caspase 3 expression, and cerebral cortical neuron death either by necrosis or apoptosis (P < 0.05) were found. At the low dose carbofuran increased expression of p53, caspase 3, and apoptosis. At the high dose it increased levels of MDA and necrosis.

Conclusion

Increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and apoptosis indicated that carbofuran may cause apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. The increased apoptosis grants an opportunity to prevent and treat the effect of ROS due to gestational carbofuran exposure.
Case Study on the 20 Years Propagation of Carbonation in Existing Concrete Facades and Balconies
Authors: Lahdensivu Jukka , Lahdensivu Elina , Köliö Arto
Published: July 2019

In the most service life models of reinforced concrete structures the initiation phase is the most crucial, because according to models, service life of the structure will end underestimation on conservative side when carbonation achieves the reinforcement for the first time. The square root model is widely used in predicting carbonation depth of reinforced concrete. The model is based on diffusion laws and thereby arguable for inhomogeneous concrete. The model was evaluated by field measurements from one existing concrete building by conducting condition investigation twice at a time interval of 20 years. Samples were taken from exposed aggregate concrete sandwich panels and balcony side panels. Compared to the data collected from large number of buildings, the measured carbonation rates were very common for Finnish concrete buildings made during the 1960s and 1970s. According to this study, in solid concrete the progress of carbonation of concrete can be predicted reliably with Fick’s second law. This model, however, gives too pessimistic predictions for concrete suffering from freeze-thaw damage. Therefore, a new model has been presented for damaged concrete.
Failure of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete in Compression under Stress Gradients
Authors: Zivkovic Jelena , Øverli Jan Arve
Published: July 2019

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the behaviour of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) under compression and with stress gradients. Experimental program contained three sets of LWAC which were used for production of 21 prisms. Lightweight aggregate argillite slate, called Stalite, from North Carolina had been used. The sets differed in using dry (0.10% moisture content) or saturated (7.9% moisture content) aggregate. The third set included a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol fibres (PVA). The geometry of the prisms were 100 × 140 × 480 mm (width × length × height). Prismatic samples were loaded centrically and eccentrically in compression.

From the achieved experimental results, it is visible that the lateral deformation of the most stressed fibre is counteracted by the less stressed fibres that confine compressive stress and increase strains. The obtained strain level was much higher than expected, especially for the third set of concrete samples with PVA fibres. Recorded strains in prisms test was in range from 3.08‰ to 6.82‰). In general, LWAC with Stalite showed ductile behaviour followed with very high strains. The third set of samples included a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol fibres (0.5% of volume fractions) was even more ductile and non-brittle.
The Anti-Naturalistic Legacy of Menger and Mises
Authors: Szafruga Piotr
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the anti-naturalism of Menger and Mises. It presents a methodological approach formulated by both scholars as stemming from epistemological anti-naturalism and demonstrating similarities to social phenomenology. The article also discusses the development of the anti-naturalistic perspective on the basis of Hayek’s conception of sensory order. The latter allowed addressing the problem of validity of methodological dualism and established a sound foundation for the methodological approach of the Austrian School of Economics.
Legacy of Menger’s Theory of Social Institutions
Authors: Sieroń Arkadiusz
Published: July 2019

The aim of the article is to examine the legacy of Menger’s theory of social institutions. We argue that Menger’s insights about the origin of social structures inspired later contributions in three main areas: theory of spontaneous order, theory of money, and theory of law.