bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers Based on Gut Bacteria and Viruses
Authors: Zhang Jia , He Yangting , Xia Lu , Yi Jing , Wang Zhen , Zhao Yingying , Song Xuemei , Li Jia , Liu Hongli , Liang Xinjun , Nie Shaofa , Liu Li
Published: September 2022

The alterations in gut bacteria are closely related to colorectal cancer. However, studies on adenoma are still scarce. Besides, the associations of gut viruses with colorectal tumor, and the interactions of bacteria with viruses in colorectal tumors are still under exploration. Therefore, a metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), colorectal cancer (CRC), and healthy controls was performed to identify changes in gut microbiome in patients with colorectal tumors. Five CRC-enriched bacteria (Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Clostridium symbiosum, Hungatella hathewayi, Parvimonas micra, and Gemella morbillorum) were identified as a diagnostic model to identify CRC patients, and the efficacy of the diagnostic model was verifiable in 1523 metagenomic samples from ten cohorts of eight different countries. We identified the positive association of Bacteroides fragilis with PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway, providing a possible direction for studying bacterial carcinogenesis mechanisms. Furthermore, the increased interactions within the microbiome in patients may play roles in the development of CRC. In conclusion, this study identified novel microbiota combinations with discrimination for colorectal tumor, and revealed the potential interactions of gut bacteria with viruses in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which implies that the microbiome, but not only bacteria, should be paid more attention in further studies.
Pharmacogenomics for Prediction of Cardiovascular Toxicity: Landscape of Emerging Data in Breast Cancer Therapies
Authors: Altena Renske , Bajalica-Lagercrantz Svetlana , Papakonstantinou Andri
Published: September 2022

Pharmacogenomics is an emerging field in oncology, one that could provide valuable input on identifying patients with inherent risk of toxicity, thus allowing for treatment tailoring and personalization on the basis of the clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient. Cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect of anthracyclines and anti-HER2 agents, although at a much lower incidence for the latter. Data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to cardiotoxicity are emerging but are still scarce, mostly being of retrospective character and heterogeneous. A literature review was performed, aiming to describe current knowledge in pharmacogenomics and prediction of cardiotoxicity related to breast cancer systemic therapies and radiotherapies. Most available data regard genes encoding various enzymes related to anthracycline metabolism and HER2 polymorphisms. The available data are presented, together with the challenges and open questions in the field.
The Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of Primary Salivary Gland-Type Carcinoma in the Lung: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wu Lei-Lei , Qian Jia-Yi , Li Chong-Wu , Zhang Yu , Lin Wei-Kang , Li Kun , Li Zhi-Xin , Xie Dong
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to explore the clinical and prognostic characteristics of primary salivary gland-type carcinoma (SGC). The entire cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to calculate the SGC proportion. In total, 253,096 eligible patients, including 165,715 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 87,062 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 319 SGCs, were selected to perform survival analyses. The data of 42 SGC patients from our hospital showed postoperative survival. Overall survival (OS) curves for different histological and surgical types were presented. The proportion of primary SGCs was 0.8 per 1000 patients. Patients with age ≤ 64 years old had a much higher proportion of SGC than those patients with age >64 years old. After adjusting for other confounders, among ADCs, SCCs, and SGC, SGCs had the best prognosis (HR 0.361, p < 0.001). Moreover, the 5-year OS rates of SGC patients were 55% and 7% in the group with surgery or without surgery, respectively (p < 0.001). The data of 42 patients from our hospital also showed a good survival of SGCs. Lobectomy improved the survival of SGCs significantly (adjusted HR 0.439, p = 0.016). In conclusion, pulmonary SGCs had the best prognosis among ADCs, SCCs, and SGCs. In addition, lobectomy could further improve the prognostic outcomes of SGCs.
The Clinical Benefit of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage for Malignant Biliary Tract Obstruction
Authors: Nikolić Ivan , Radić Jelena , Petreš Andrej , Djurić Aleksandar , Protić Mladjan , Litavski Jelena , Popović Maja , Kolarov-Bjelobrk Ivana , Dragin Saša , Popović Lazar
Published: September 2022

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a decompression procedure for malignant proximal biliary obstruction. In this research, over a six-year period, 89 patients underwent PTBD procedure for jaundice caused by malignant disease to restart chemotherapy or for palliative intent. Clinical outcomes after PTBD procedure in the two groups of patients, according to the adequate bilirubin decline (ABD) needed for subsequent chemotherapy, are presented in this paper. Survival and logistic regression were plotted and compared using Kaplan–Meier survival multivariate analysis with a long-range test. Results were processed by MEDCALC software. In the series, 58.4% (52/89) of patients were in good performance status (ECOG 0/1), and PTBD was performed with the intention to (re)start chemotherapy. The normalization of the bilirubin level was seen in 23.0% (12/52), but only 15.4% (8/52) received chemotherapy. The median survival time after PTBD was 9 weeks. In patients with ABD that received chemotherapy, the median survival time was 64 weeks, with 30-day mortality of 27.7%, and 6.4% of death within 7 days. The best outcome was in patients with good performance status (ECOG 0–1), low bilirubin (<120 µmol/L) and LDH (<300 µmol/L) levels and elevated leukocytes at the time of the procedures. PTBD is considered in ABD patients who are candidates for chemotherapy.
Micro-RNA193a-3p Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Driven Growth of Vascular Endothelial Cells by Altering Secretome and Inhibiting Mitogenesis: Transcriptomic and Functional Evidence
Authors: Azzarito Giovanna , Kurmann Lisa , Leeners Brigitte , Dubey Raghvendra K.
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer (BC) cell secretome in the tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates neo-angiogenesis by promoting vascular endothelial cell (VEC) growth. Drugs that block BC cell growth or angiogenesis can restrict tumor growth and are of clinical relevance. Molecules that can target both BC cell and VEC growth as well as BC secretome may be more effective in treating BC. Since small non-coding microRNAs (miRs) regulate cell growth and miR193a-3p has onco-suppressor activity, we investigated whether miR193a-3p inhibits MCF-7-driven growth (proliferation, migration, capillary formation, signal transduction) of VECs. Using BC cells and VECs grown in monolayers or 3D spheroids and gene microarrays, we demonstrate that: pro-growth effects of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 conditioned medium (CM) are lost in CM collected from MCF-7/MDA-MB231 cells pre-transfected with miR193a-3p (miR193a-CM). Moreover, miR193a-CM inhibited MAPK and Akt phosphorylation in VECs. In microarray gene expression studies, miR193a-CM upregulated 553 genes and downregulated 543 genes in VECs. Transcriptomic and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially regulated genes revealed downregulation of interferon-associated genes and pathways that induce angiogenesis and BC/tumor growth. An angiogenesis proteome array confirmed the downregulation of 20 pro-angiogenesis proteins by miR193a-CM in VECs. Additionally, in MCF-7 cells and VECs, estradiol (E2) downregulated miR193a-3p expression and induced growth. Ectopic expression of miR193a-3p abrogated the growth stimulatory effects of estradiol E2 and serum in MCF-7 cells and VECs, as well as in MCF-7 and MCF-7+VEC 3D spheroids. Immunostaining of MCF-7+VEC spheroid sections with ki67 showed miR193a-3p inhibits cell proliferation. Taken together, our findings provide first evidence that miR193a-3p abrogates MCF-7-driven growth of VECs by altering MCF-7 secretome and downregulating pro-growth interferon signals and proangiogenic proteins. Additionally, miR193a-3p inhibits serum and E2-induced growth of MCF-7, VECs, and MCF-7+VEC spheroids. In conclusion, miRNA193a-3p can potentially target/inhibit BC tumor angiogenesis via a dual mechanism: (1) altering proangiogenic BC secretome/TME and (2) inhibiting VEC growth. It may represent a therapeutic molecule to target breast tumor growth.
NSP4 and ORF9b of SARS-CoV-2 Induce Pro-Inflammatory Mitochondrial DNA Release in Inner Membrane-Derived Vesicles
Authors: Faizan Md Imam , Chaudhuri Rituparna , Sagar Shakti , Albogami Sarah , Chaudhary Nisha , Azmi Iqbal , Akhtar Areej , Ali Syed Mansoor , Kumar Rohit , Iqbal Jawed , Joshi Mohan C. , Kharya Gaurav , Seth Pankaj , Roy Soumya Sinha , Ahmad Tanveer
Published: September 2022

Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) has been found in the plasma of severely ill COVID-19 patients and is now known as a strong predictor of mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of mtDNA release is unexplored. Here, we show a novel mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-mediated pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic mtDNA release and a rational therapeutic stem cell-based approach to mitigate these effects. We systematically screened the effects of 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins on mitochondrial damage and cell death and found that NSP4 and ORF9b caused extensive mitochondrial structural changes, outer membrane macropore formation, and the release of inner membrane vesicles loaded with mtDNA. The macropore-forming ability of NSP4 was mediated through its interaction with BCL2 antagonist/killer (BAK), whereas ORF9b was found to inhibit the anti-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) and induce inner membrane vesicle formation containing mtDNA. Knockdown of BAK and/or overexpression of MCL1 significantly reversed SARS-CoV-2-mediated mitochondrial damage. Therapeutically, we engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a simultaneous knockdown of BAK and overexpression of MCL1 (MSCshBAK+MCL1) and named these cells IMAT-MSCs (intercellular mitochondrial transfer-assisted therapeutic MSCs). Upon co-culture with SARS-CoV-2-infected or NSP4/ORF9b-transduced airway epithelial cells, IMAT-MSCs displayed functional intercellular mitochondrial transfer (IMT) via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). The mitochondrial donation by IMAT-MSCs attenuated the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mtDNA release from co-cultured epithelial cells. Our findings thus provide a new mechanistic basis for SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death and a novel therapeutic approach to engineering MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19.
Treatment of Marmoset Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Humanized Anti-HMGB1 mAb
Authors: Wang Dengli , Ousaka Daiki , Qiao Handong , Wang Ziyi , Zhao Kun , Gao Shangze , Liu Keyue , Teshigawara Kiyoshi , Takada Kenzo , Nishibori Masahiro
Published: September 2022

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is recognized as a severe clinical problem lacking effective treatment. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) exhibits inflammatory cytokine-like activity once released into the extracellular space from the nuclei. We previously demonstrated that intravenous injection of rat anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) remarkably ameliorated brain injury in a rat ICH model. Therefore, we developed a humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb (OKY001) for clinical use. The present study examined whether and how the humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb ameliorates ICH injury in common marmosets. The results show that administration of humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb inhibited HMGB1 release from the brain into plasma, in association with a decrease of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulation and a decrease in cerebral iron deposition. In addition, humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment resulted in a reduction in brain injury volume at 12 d after ICH induction. Our in vitro experiment showed that recombinant HMGB1 inhibited hemoglobin uptake by macrophages through CD163 in the presence of haptoglobin, suggesting that the release of excess HMGB1 from the brain may induce a delay in hemoglobin scavenging, thereby allowing the toxic effects of hemoglobin, heme, and Fe2+ to persist. Finally, humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb reduced body weight loss and improved behavioral performance after ICH. Taken together, these results suggest that intravenous injection of humanized anti-HMGB1 mAb has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
Regulation Networks of Non-Coding RNA-Associated ceRNAs in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Ding Yun , Wan Shengfeng , Liu Wenna , Lu Yanfang , Xu Qin , Gan Yujin , Yan Lei , Gu Yue , Liu Ziyang , Hu Yifeng , Cao Huixia , Shao Fengmin
Published: September 2022

Cisplatin is widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug to treat various solid tumors. However, it often induces severe side effects, including nephrotoxicity, which limits its application in clinical settings. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we applied whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing to a cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CP-AKI) mouse model to evaluate competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. We found 4460 mRNAs, 1851 long non-coding RNAs, 101 circular RNAs, and 102 microRNAs significantly differentially expressed between CP-AKI and control mice. We performed gene set enrichment analysis to reveal the biological functions of the mRNAs and constructed non-coding RNA-associated ceRNA networks in CP-AKI mice. Two ceRNA regulatory pathways, Lhx1os-203/mmu-miR-21a-3p/Slc7a13 and circular RNA_3907/mmu-miR-185-3p/Ptprn, were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. The protein–protein interaction network indicated that Il6, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Plk1 serve as hub genes and are highly connected with the inflammatory response or DNA damage. Transcription factors, such as Stat3, Cebpb, and Foxm1, regulate gene expression levels in CP-AKI. Our study provides insight into non-coding RNA-associated ceRNA networks and mRNAs in CP-AKI and identifies potential treatment targets.
Allosteric Antagonism of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): Current-State-of-the-Art and Prediction of Novel Allosteric Sites
Authors: Kamaraj Rajamanikkam , Drastik Martin , Maixnerova Jana , Pavek Petr
Published: September 2022

The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-activated transcription factor with high levels of expression in the liver. It not only plays a key role in drug metabolism and elimination, but also promotes tumor growth, drug resistance, and metabolic diseases. It has been proposed as a therapeutic target for type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, and PXR antagonists have recently been considered as a therapy for colon cancer. There are currently no PXR antagonists that can be used in a clinical setting. Nevertheless, due to the large and complex ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of the PXR, it is challenging to discover PXR antagonists at the orthosteric site. Alternative ligand binding sites of the PXR have also been proposed and are currently being studied. Recently, the AF-2 allosteric binding site of the PXR has been identified, with several compounds modulating the site discovered. Herein, we aimed to summarize our current knowledge of allosteric modulation of the PXR as well as our attempt to unlock novel allosteric sites. We describe the novel binding function 3 (BF-3) site of PXR, which is also common for other nuclear receptors. In addition, we also mention a novel allosteric site III based on in silico prediction. The identified allosteric sites of the PXR provide new insights into the development of safe and efficient allosteric modulators of the PXR receptor. We therefore propose that novel PXR allosteric sites might be promising targets for treating chronic metabolic diseases and some cancers.
Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Secreted VEGF-A Induces Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Expression in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lehmann Guillermo L. , Ginsberg Michael , Nolan Daniel J. , Rodríguez Cristina , Martínez-González José , Zeng Shemin , Voigt Andrew P. , Mullins Robert F. , Rafii Shahin , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Benedicto Ignacio
Published: September 2022

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) is a protease inhibitor that regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) stability and turnover. Here, we show that A2M is expressed by endothelial cells (ECs) from human eye choroid. We demonstrate that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-conditioned medium induces A2M expression specifically in ECs. Experiments using chemical inhibitors, blocking antibodies, and recombinant proteins revealed a key role of VEGF-A in RPE-mediated A2M induction in ECs. Furthermore, incubation of ECs with RPE-conditioned medium reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 gelatinase activity of culture supernatants, which is partially restored after A2M knockdown in ECs. We propose that dysfunctional RPE or choroidal blood vessels, as observed in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, may disrupt the crosstalk mechanism we describe here leading to alterations in the homeostasis of choroidal ECM, Bruch’s membrane and visual function.
Molecular Mechanism of Ferroptosis in Orthopedic Diseases
Authors: Gao Lu , Hua Weizhong , Tian Lixiang , Zhou Xuchang , Wang Dongxue , Yang Yajing , Ni Guoxin
Published: September 2022

Ferroptosis is a new iron-dependent programmed cell death process that is directly mediated by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Numerous studies have shown that ferroptosis is important in regulating the occurrence and development of bone-related diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. Herein, we review the progress of the mechanism of ferroptosis in bone marrow injury, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteosarcoma and attempt to deeply understand the regulatory targets of ferroptosis, which will open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic diseases.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting by Enhancing Ketone Metabolism and Inhibiting the Cori Cycle
Authors: Wei Lulu , Wang Ranran , Wazir Junaid , Lin Kai , Song Shiyu , Li Li , Pu Wenyuan , Zhao Chen , Wang Yong , Su Zhonglan , Wang Hongwei
Published: September 2022

Cachexia is characterized by progressive weight loss accompanied by the loss of specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Increased lactate production, either due to the Warburg effect from tumors or accelerated glycolysis effects from cachectic muscle, is the most dangerous factor for cancer cachexia. This study aimed to explore the efficiency of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) in blocking Cori cycle activity and its therapeutic effect on cachexia-associated muscle wasting. A C26 adenocarcinoma xenograft model was used to study cancer cachectic metabolic derangements. Tumor-free lean mass, hindlimb muscle morphology, and fiber-type composition were measured after in vivo 2-DG administration. Activation of the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway (UPS) and autophagic–lysosomal pathway (ALP) was further assessed. The cachectic skeletal muscles of tumor-bearing mice exhibited altered glucose and lipid metabolism, decreased carbohydrate utilization, and increased lipid β-oxidation. Significantly increased gluconeogenesis and decreased ketogenesis were observed in cachectic mouse livers. 2-DG significantly ameliorated cancer cachexia-associated muscle wasting and decreased cachectic-associated lean mass levels and fiber cross-sectional areas. 2-DG inhibited protein degradation-associated UPS and ALP, increased ketogenesis in the liver, and promoted ketone metabolism in skeletal muscle, thus enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. 2-DG effectively prevents muscle wasting by increasing ATP synthesis efficiency via the ketone metabolic pathway and blocking the abnormal Cori cycle.
Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Levels, Oxidative Stress and Host–Bacteria Interactions: Escherichia coli and Salmonella Derby
Authors: Tsaturyan Vardan , Poghosyan Armen , Toczyłowski Michał , Pepoyan Astghik
Published: September 2022

Either extracts, cell-free suspensions or bacterial suspensions are used to study bacterial lipid peroxidation processes. Along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and several other strategies, the thiobarbituric acid test is used for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) as the basis for the commercial test kits and the colorimetric detection of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation processes levels in the suspensions, extracts and culture supernatants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Derby strains. The dependence of the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels in the cell extracts, the suspensions and cell-free supernatants on bacterial species, and their concentration and growth phase were revealed. The effect of bacterial concentrations on MDA formation was also found to be more pronounced in bacterial suspensions than in extracts, probably due to the dynamics of MDA release into the intercellular space. This study highlights the possible importance of MDA determination in both cell-free suspensions and extracts, as well as in bacterial suspensions to elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation processes in bacterial physiology, bacteria–host interactions, as well as in host physiology.
Effect of Aluminum Flakes on Corrosion Protection Behavior of Water-Based Hybrid Zinc-Rich Coatings for Carbon Steel Substrate in NaCl Environment
Authors: Boidot Arthur , Gheno Frederic , Bentiss Fouad , Jama Charafeddine , Vogt Jean-Bernard
Published: September 2022

In this study, waterborne hybrid organic-inorganic zinc rich coatings (ZRC) with different aluminum flake amounts were tested at low thickness in 3 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. Open circuit potential and impedance response evolution over time were measured experimentally to evaluate their anticorrosion properties. Microstructure of the investigated coatings and composition of the corrosion products were also determined by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, while the stability of the coatings was investigated via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the absence of aluminum flakes leads to a less stable matrix, unable to retain sufficient corrosion inhibitors, resulting in a shorter protection time. For an intermediate concentration of aluminum particles, good corrosion properties were observed. Corrosion products play an important role in the protection mechanism, with simonkolleite and hydrozincite accumulating over time, forming a protective layer on the substrate for several weeks. High amounts of aluminum also lead to the formation of corrosion products, but without providing a barrier effect, while rapidly consuming zinc, leading to rapid formula failure. These results indicate that the use of a controlled amount of aluminum flakes can significantly improve the corrosion protection capability of this type of coating.
Microstructure, Wear and Corrosion Behaviors of Electrodeposited Ni-Diamond Micro-Composite Coatings
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Zhao Ziyi , Chen Jinsong , Zhou Xin , Zong Yinjie
Published: September 2022

For the micro-milling of hard and brittle materials, to avoid crack formation, a tool with ductile milling mode is required. Composite electrodeposition technology was used to prepare a Ni–diamond coating on the surface of brass. The surface microstructure, composition and surface roughness of the coating were studied with a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and roughness tester. The adhesion strength was studied by scratch test, the wear resistance was analyzed by wear test, and the corrosion resistance was investigated by Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). It was found that the distribution of diamond particles of the Ni–diamond coating was relatively uniform, and the content was relatively high. The internal stress of the coating prepared by the composite electrodeposition technology was very low. With the incorporation of the diamond particles, the surface roughness of the coating tended to decrease. The wear experiment showed that the wear scar diameter of the corresponding glass ball for the Ni coating was 1.775 mm and the roughness was 13.88 ± 2.811 µm, while that for the Ni–diamond coating was 2.680 mm and 8.35 ± 0.743 µm, respectively, indicating that the tool coating with uniform diamond particles had a strong ability to process workpieces with significantly improved surface quality. The particle press-in mechanism not only improved the wear resistance of the coating, but helped to prolong the service life of the tool. The results of the EIS test and Tafel curves showed that the Ni–diamond coating had a lower corrosion current, and the corrosion resistance of the coating surface was improved. The experimental results showed that the micro-diamond coating prepared by the composite electrodeposition technology had good bonding strength, low internal stress, and significantly improved wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Microstructure and Performance of High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel Coupled Physical Vapor Deposition (HVOF-PVD) Duplex Protective Coatings: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yingpeng , Wang Qun , Ramachandran Chidambaram Seshadri , Guo Peng , Wang Aiying
Published: September 2022

The paper summarizes the current development of high-velocity oxygen–fuel coupled physical vapor deposition (HVOF-PVD) duplex coatings as protective candidates. Following a detailed historical overview of HVOF and PVD technologies, the fabrication methods for duplex protective coatings are presented. The duplex coating superimposes the synergistic advantages of coatings deposited by HVOF and PVD, where the traditional weaknesses of each technique are modified to a great certain extent. Subsequently, the relation between structural characteristics of the duplex coatings and their mechanical, tribological, and corrosive behavior is described in detail. It is demonstrated that the duplex coatings show more excellent overall performance than coatings deposited by both HVOF and PVD separately. Finally, we summarize the protective performance and promising potential of HVOF-PVD duplex coating for applications as well as the research prospects of challenges in future.
A Durable Nano-SiO2-TiO2/Dodecyltrimethoxysilane Superhydrophobic Coating for Stone Protection
Authors: Peng Meiman , Wang Liqin , Guo Lang , Guo Jinyi , Zheng Liping , Yang Fuwei , Ma Zhuang , Zhao Xing
Published: September 2022

Water can trigger freeze–thaw cycles, acid rain corrosion, and microbial colonisation, all of which destroy stone. Water is one of the most influential factors in the destruction of outdoor stone heritage. Therefore, materials with excellent hydrophobic properties and durability are urgently required to effectively retard long-term stone weathering. In this study, two nanoparticles, TiO2 and SiO2, were used to modify dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), a waterproof coating commonly used for stone heritage protection, to fabricate nanocomposite superhydrophobic coatings. The micromorphology, water repellence (water contact angle and capillary water absorption), suitability to protect stone heritage (color change and water vapor permeability), and durability (thermal, light, and chemical stability) of DTMS and nanocomposite coatings were evaluated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that adding 0.5% (w/w) SiO2 produced nanoscale roughness on the sandstone surface, leading to superhydrophobicity. The results of ultraviolet -visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer showed that adding 0.01% TiO2 shielded more than 90% of UV light but accelerated the decrease in the contact angle under UVA irradiation. The addition of SiO2 was able to avoid the detrimental effect of TiO2 under UV light. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that both SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles improved the thermal stability of the coatings. In particular, the fabricated nanocomposite coating, SiO2 and TiO2 co-modified DTMS, had excellent water repellence, low color change and outstanding durability, and retained about 85% of the water vapor permeability of the stone, showing promise for stone protection.
Physical Vapor Deposition Technology in Personal Protective Equipment Production: Improved Antibacterial and Hydrophobic Character of Textiles
Authors: Antunes José , Matos Karim , Carvalho Isabel , Carvalho Sandra , Ferreira Fábio , Cruz Sandra M. A.
Published: September 2022

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been adapted as biological threats have emerged, such as increasingly drug-resistant bacteria and the emergence of new viruses such as COVID-19. PPE must be increasingly resilient to prevent the proliferation of pathogens, but using sustainable raw materials and environmentally friendly technologies. The aim of this study is to show a new way of modifying the surface of various types of fabrics to enable their efficient use as PPE. The Ag/DLC coating was successfully deposited by sputtering onto several types of textiles using different chemical compositions of Ag/DLC (0, 8, 10, and 12Ag). As a crucial parameter, wettability was evaluated, showing that silver addition increases the hydrophobicity character of the coated fabrics, namely in cotton, changing from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated on all coatings, revealing that they are efficient in eliminating the spread of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and pose no risk to the human body. The results presented here are promising in protecting healthcare workers, with the next steps being to study the efficiency of these coatings against viruses. In addition, this study reveals an opportunity to use sustainable fabrics, such as cotton, with high efficiency in protection against pathogens, instead of synthetic fiber textiles.
Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Thin Films: Influence of Sulphur Precursor Concentration on Microstructural and Optoelectronic Characterizations
Authors: Najm Asmaa Soheil , Naeem Hasanain Salah , Alwarid Duaa Abdul Rida Musa , Aljuhani Abdulwahab , Hasbullah Siti Aishah , Hasan Hiba Ali , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Bais Badariah , Al-Iessa Heidar J. , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Sultan Abbas J. , Moria Hazim
Published: September 2022

In this study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the response mechanisms associated with the formation of CdS thin films. CdS thin film remains the most valuable option for many researchers, since it has shown to be an effective buffer material for film-based polycrystalline solar cells (CdTe, CIGSe, CZTS). We performed experimental and numerical simulations to investigate the effect of different thiourea concentrations on the characteristics of the CdS buffer layer. The experimental results reveal that an increase in thiourea concentrations had a direct effect on the optical results, with bandgap values ranging from (2.32 to 2.43) eV. XRD analysis confirmed that all deposited films were polycrystalline, except for [1/0.75], where there is no CdS formation. Electrical studies indicated that CdS with a molar ratio of [Cd]/[S] of 1 had the maximum carrier concentration (3.21 × 1014 cm−3) and lowest resistivity (1843.9 Ω·cm). Based on the proposed mechanism, three kinds of mechanisms are involved in the formation of CdS layers. Among them, the ion-by-ion mechanism has a significant effect on the formation of CdS films. Besides, modelling studies reveal that the optic-electrical properties of the buffer layer play a crucial role in influencing the performance of a CIGS solar cell.
Broadband Spectrum Light-Driven PANI/Au/Beta-Cyclodextrin Nanocomposite and Its Light-Triggered Interfacial Carrier Transfer
Authors: Ma Xingfa , Li Caiwei , Zhang Xintao , Gao Mingjun , Li Guang
Published: September 2022

Polyaniline/Au nanocomposites were synthesized by a novel method. Aniline monomers were loaded in the hydrophobic cavities of beta-cyclodextrin, and a polymerization reaction occurred at the interface of the beta-cyclodextrin cavities and the liquid phase of chloroauric acid. UV-vis absorbance indicated that the nanocomposite covered the range of visible light and NIR (near infrared). The photo-excitation experiment was carried out with typical wavelengths in the visible light (405 nm, 532 nm, and 650 nm) and NIR (780 nm, 808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm) regions (10–200 mW) based on Au inter-digital electrodes on flexible polymer substrates casting a thick film. The nanocomposites exhibited photo-current switching behavior in visible light and NIR. The ratio of on/off was enormously dependent on the power and wavelength of incident light. The robust interface coupling between Au and PANi of the nanocomposite promoted the separation and transfer of electron/hole. The mechanism of carrier generation, separation, and transfer at interfaces of Au/conjugated polymer/non-conjugated small organic molecules by light inducement was discussed at the electron level. The results illustrate that the nanocomposites quickly produced free electrons and holes by low-power incident light, could prevent the recombination of electron/hole pairs to a certain extent, and could overcome the interface barriers between metal, conjugated polymer, and small organic molecules for transfer. This provides a simple and practical approach for developing multi-functional nanocomposites that have the potential act as intelligent nano-carriers, photo-current switches, NIR detectors, and for information storage.
Development and Prospect of Viewing Angle Switchable Liquid Crystal Devices
Authors: Zhou Le , Liu Sijie
Published: September 2022

As we move from the industrial age to the information age, nowadays, the opportunity to access personal information in public increases as personal computers (PCs), cell phones, automated teller machines (ATM) and other portable display devices have come into wider use, so it is well suited for these liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to switch between wide viewing angle (WVA) (share mode) and narrow viewing angle (NVA) (privacy mode). In this review, we have summarized structures, principles and characteristics of several devices that show great potential application in controllable anti-peeping displays in the eyesight of materials consist of pure liquid crystals (LCs), polymer dispersed LCs (PDLCs), polymer stabilized LCs (PSLCs) or polymer network LCs (PNLCs) and non-LCs, which provides systematic information for next-generation viewing angle-controllable LCDs with lower operating voltage, higher transmittance and good viewing angle controllable characteristics. Because LCs/polymer composite films have the advantages of long life, low power consumption and energy saving, they are regarded as the mainstream technology of next-generation viewing angle controllable displays.
The Use of Iron Ore as a Catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis—A Review
Authors: Okoye-Chine Chike George , Mubenesha Samuel
Published: September 2022

The use of iron ore as an alternative to conventional Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) iron catalyst has been identified as a way to achieve a cost-effective catalyst. In recent times, considerable progress has been made to build a strong case for iron ore as a viable alternative to traditional iron catalysts. Nevertheless, there are still opportunities to enhance the current iron ore low-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (LTFT) catalysts and pave the way for optimal performing catalysts. In this study, we thoroughly examined the various publications on iron ore catalysts used for FTS and highlighted the research gaps in the studies. The study identified the progress made so far, opportunities, and challenges regarding the use of iron ore as a catalyst in FTS. One of the critical areas that needs to be addressed from the review is establishing the deactivation pathways of these catalyst systems. The application of advanced spectroscopic and computational methods is also suggested to elucidate the relationship between the synthesis conditions, active catalytic sites, reaction intermediates, and catalytic performance to fabricate optimized iron ore LTFT catalysts.
Supercapacitors of Nanocrystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks—A Review
Authors: Xia Jingjie , Wang Ronghao , Qian Chengfei , Sun Kaiwen , Liu He , Guo Cong , Li Jingfa , Yu Feng , Bao Weizhai
Published: September 2022

Due to their highly changeable porosity and adaptable skeletons, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been frequently used in supercapacitors. Additionally, COFs are a wonderful match for supercapacitors’ requirements for quick carrier migration and ion catalysis. COFs exhibit significant potential and limitless opportunities in electrochemical storage supercapacitors. The applicability of COFs has, nonetheless, been limited because the primary organic component prevents electron conduction and the interior active sites are challenging to fully utilize. The conductivity enhancement of COFs has been the subject of extensive research to solve these challenges. This review begins by outlining the features of COFs in the context of their use in supercapacitors and their methods of synthesis. The application of previously published COF materials in supercapacitors were evaluated including electrode materials and solid-state devices. Finally, essential aspects and potential problems are discussed as the exceptional performance characteristics of COFs are illustrated from a supercapacitor standpoint. This review also forecasts the future of COF-based supercapacitor development.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of ZnO-Based Thin Films via Interface Engineering
Authors: Zhou Zhifang , Zheng Yunpeng , Yang Yueyang , Zhang Wenyu , Zou Mingchu , Nan Ce-Wen , Lin Yuan-Hua
Published: September 2022

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a potential thermoelectric material with good chemical and thermal stability as well as an excellent Seebeck coefficient. However, the extremely low carrier concentration brings poor electrical transport properties. Although Gallium (Ga) doping could increase the carrier concentration of ZnO film, its thermoelectric performance is still limited due to the deteriorated Seebeck coefficient and enhanced thermal conductivity. Interface engineering is an effective strategy to decouple electron-phonon interaction for thermoelectric materials. Thus, in this work, GZO (Ga-doped ZnO)/NAZO (Ni, Al co-doped ZnO) multilayer films were designed to further improve the thermoelectric properties of GZO films. It was found that GZO/NAZO multilayer films possessed better electrical conductivity, which was attributed to the increased carrier concentration and Hall mobility. Meanwhile, benefiting from the energy filtering that occurred at GZO/NAZO interfaces, the density of states effective mass increased, resulting in comparable Seebeck coefficient values. Ultimately, an enhanced power factor value of 313 μW m−1 K−2 was achieved in the GZO/NAZO multilayer film, which is almost 46% larger than that of GZO film. This work provides a paradigm to optimize the thermoelectric performance of oxide films and other thermoelectric systems by multilayer structure design with coherent interfaces.
Spectroscopic Study of the 3107 cm−1 and 3143 cm−1 H-Related Defects in Type Ib Diamonds
Authors: Song Zhonghua , Su Jun , Zhu Wenfang , Lu Taijin , Wang Yang , He Shengmei
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen-related infrared absorption bands in natural diamonds have been extensively investigated and widely used to identify natural, treated, and synthetic diamonds grown by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. However, the evolutional behavior of the hydrogen-related defects and the relationship between the hydrogen-related and nitrogen-related defects in natural and HPHT-treated Ib diamonds are unclear. In this article, the hydrogen-related defects, particularly the infrared absorption bands of 3107 cm−1 and 3143 cm−1 in natural type Ib diamonds and HPHT-treated natural diamonds, were systematically investigated using spectroscopic techniques. It was found that the 1405 cm−1 absorption intensity was directly proportional to the 3107 cm−1 absorption intensity; the 3143 cm−1 absorption intensity increased with the increase in the 3107 cm−1 absorption intensity, but there was no strict linear relationship between them. The 3143 cm−1 band was not only related to the intensity of the 3107 cm−1 but also related to the value of NC/NA in natural diamonds. When the value of NC/NA was less than one, the 3143 cm−1 band was more pronounced. After high-temperature annealing, the absorption intensities of the 3107 cm−1 and 3143 cm−1 in natural type Ib diamonds became stronger. However, in HPHT synthetic diamonds, only a 3107 cm−1 defect was introduced with the increase in the A centers in the diamonds. The difference and the detectability of the 3143 cm−1 and 3107 cm−1 bands investigated could be efficiently used to identify natural type Ib diamonds from their counterparts, including the synthetic diamonds and the HPHT-treated diamonds.
DC Ionic Conductivity in KTP and Its Isomorphs: Properties, Methods for Suppression, and Its Connection to Gray Tracking
Authors: Padberg Laura , Quiring Viktor , Bocchini Adriana , Santandrea Matteo , Gerstmann Uwe , Schmidt Wolf Gero , Silberhorn Christine , Eigner Christof
Published: September 2022

We study the DC conductivity in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) and its isomorphs KTiOAsO4 (KTA) and Rb1%K99%TiOPO4 (RKTP) and introduce a method by which to reduce the overall ionic conductivity in KTP by a potassium nitrate treatment. Furthermore, we create so-called gray tracking in KTP and investigate the ionic conductivity in theses areas. A local unintended reduction of the ionic conductivity is observed in the gray-tracked regions, which also induce additional optical absorption in the material. We show that a thermal treatment in an oxygen-rich atmosphere removes the gray tracking and brings the ionic conductivity as well as the optical transmission back to the original level. These studies can help to choose the best material and treatment for specific applications.
Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Current Diagnostic Laboratory Tests and New Emerging Molecular Tools
Authors: Melli Beatrice , Gentile Pietro , Nicoli Davide , Farnetti Enrico , Croci Stefania , Gozzi Fabrizio , Bolletta Elena , De Simone Luca , Sanguedolce Francesca , Palicelli Andrea , Zizzo Maurizio , Ricci Stefano , Ilariucci Fiorella , Rossi Cristiana , Cavazza Alberto , Ascani Stefano , Cimino Luca , Zanelli Magda
Published: September 2022

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), a rare aggressive malignancy primarily involving the retina and/or the vitreous, is a major diagnostic challenge for clinicians (who commonly misdiagnose it as chronic uveitis) as well as for pathologists (for biological and technical reasons). Delays in diagnosis and treatment are responsible for visual impairments and life-threatening consequences, usually related to central nervous system involvement. The identification of lymphoma cells in vitreous fluid, obtained by vitrectomy, is required for diagnosis. Of note, the scarcity of neoplastic cells in small volumes of vitreous sample, and the fragility of lymphoma cells with degenerative changes caused by previous steroid use for presumed uveitis makes diagnosis based on cytology plus immunophenotyping difficult. Interleukin levels, immunoglobulin heavy chain or T-cell receptor gene rearrangements, and MYD88 mutation are applied in combination with cytology to support diagnosis. We aim to describe the current laboratory technologies for PVRL diagnosis, focusing on the main issues that these methods have. In addition, new emerging diagnostic strategies, such as next-generation sequencing analysis, are discussed. The genetic profile of PVRL remains largely unexplored. Better knowledge of genetic alterations is critical for precision medicine interventions with target-based treatments of this lymphoma for which no standardised treatment protocol currently exists.
Decreased FOXO1 Expression Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Huang Nanfang , Xv Feng , Zhao Sida , Guo Juan , Zhao Youshan , Chang Chunkang
Published: September 2022

Myelodysplastic syndrome is one of the main hematological malignancies that threaten the health of the elderly. However, biomarkers which predict the progression and prognosis of MDS are still controversial and puzzling. FOXO1 gene plays an important role in a variety of intracellular functions, including tumor suppression and cellular immune regulation. However, there is no research report on the correlation between FOXO1 and the clinical features of MDS including immune environment. In this study, we observed that FOXO1 expression is associated with neutrophil count, blasts, chromosome and different MDS scoring systems. FOXO1 expression is closely related to MDS cell immune polarization, and the increase expression of FOXO1 is significantly related to the amplification of immune cell polarization ratio. In addition, FOXO1 expression is associated with progression-free survival and overall survival in MDS patients. Moreover, in a multivariate model FOXO1 low-expression was an independent predictor of poor survival in MDS. In summary, FOXO1 may play a candidate tumor suppressor in MDS, and FOXO1 is a useful independent prognostic predictor in MDS, and it may provide a candidate target therapy in future.
Bithyniid Abundance in the South of Western Siberia Water-Courses and Water Reservoirs (Russia)
Authors: Serbina Elena A.
Published: September 2022

Gastropoda are an important component of the freshwater benthic communities of Western Siberia and participate in a number of trophic relationships and as the intermediate hosts of trematodes. The purpose of this study is defining the ratio of Bithyniidae mollusks between other gastropods with regard to species diversity, and to compile all information about the abundance of bithyniid snails that we examined over 27 years in four major basins situated in the Novosibirsk region. Analyzing the data diversity and abundance of gastropod communities from freshwater ecosystems south of Western Siberia, we found that 22% of the water bodies contained bithyniid snails. In total, 201 samples that were abundant with bithyniid snails of reproductive age were collected in 34 localities in 25 water bodies. While these freshwater snails are not abundant in most of the inspected reservoirs (fewer than 10 mollusks per square meter), two of the water bodies accommodated a great number of Bithyniidae (more than 100 ind.·m−2). Bithyniid snail abundance may vary tenfold in different years in the same water body. This and the study of seasonal dynamics show that the abundance of bithyniid snails of reproductive age decreased from June to August in all years. The results of this study can be used to identify and predict the natural foci of opisthorchiasis in the south of Western Siberia.
Correction: Yan et al. A New Deep-Water Epilithic Green Alga, Ulvella lacustris, from an Alpine Brackish Lake in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Diversity 2022, 14, 594
Authors: Yan Qiufeng , Dai Qingyu , Liu Benwen , Liu Guoxiang , Zhu Huan
Published: September 2022

In the original article [...]