bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein synthesis within neuronal growth cones
Authors: Davis L , Dou P , DeWit M , Kater SB
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the capacity of neuronal growth cones to synthesize protein locally and independently of their cell body. Isolated growth cones were prepared from cultures of neurons from the snail Helisoma by transecting neurites proximal to the growth cone. The capacity for protein synthesis was tested by radiolabeling cultures with 3H-leucine and analyzing the resultant autoradiograms. Isolated growth cones displayed incorporation of 3H-leucine that was inhibited by treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitors anisomycin and pactamycin, indicating that ribosomal-dependent translation occurs in growth cones. Ultrastructural analyses of growth cones demonstrated the presence of polyribosomes, the machinery for protein synthesis. The density of polyribosomes varied between growth cones, even between different growth cones on the same neuron, suggesting that growth cones express a range of protein synthetic capabilities. That different types of growth cones possess differing capabilities for protein synthesis is suggested in autoradiograms of 3H-leucine incorporation by the growth cones of axonal and nonaxonal neurites; incorporation was radically reduced in axonal growth cones in comparison with non-axonal growth cones. Finally, growth cones that were isolated for 2 d prior to radiolabeling incorporate 3H-leucine in a eukaryotic ribosomal- dependent manner, suggesting that the capacity for translation is long- lived in growth cones. Taken together, these studies reveal a capacity for protein synthesis confined totally to the neuronal growth cone proper. The synthesis of proteins in growth cones could afford a mechanism for the alteration of growth cone structure or function. This is in accord with the view that growth cones participate autonomously, to at least some extent, in the processes of synaptogenesis and the construction of neuronal architecture.
Increased c-fos expression in spinal neurons after irritation of the lower urinary tract in the rat
Authors: Birder LA , de Groat WC
Published: March 2018

This study utilized neuronal c-fos expression to examine the spinal pathways involved in processing nociceptive and non-nociceptive afferent input from the lower urinary tract (LUT) of the urethane- anesthetized rat. C-fos protein was detected immunocytochemically in only a small number of cells (< 2 cells/L6 section) in control animals. However, chemical irritation with 1% acetic acid or mechanical stimulation of the LUT markedly increased the number of c-fos-positive neurons (56–180 cells/L6 section) in four regions of the caudal lumbosacral (L6-S1) spinal cord: medial dorsal horn (MDH), lateral dorsal horn, dorsal commissure (DCM), and sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN). Only small numbers of c-fos-positive cells were detected in rostral lumbar segments, a region that is thought to receive nociceptive input from the LUT via afferent pathways in sympathetic nerves. The distribution of c-fos-positive cells in the L6 spinal cord varied according to the stimulus (i.e., urethral catheter, bladder distension, or chemical irritation). Distension of the urinary bladder increased the number of c-fos-positive cells mainly in DCM and SPN regions of the cord. In contrast, irritation of the LUT increased c-fos expression largely in DCM and MDH areas. Spinal cord transection (T8 level) did not alter the c-fos expression induced by a catheter or chemical irritation, indicating that gene expression was mediated by spinal pathways. Denervation experiments showed that c-fos expression was induced by activation of afferent pathways in the pelvic and pudendal nerves. These results suggest that neurons in several regions of the spinal cord are involved in processing afferent input from different parts of the LUT. Neurons in the DCM appear to have an important role since they respond to both nociceptive and non- nociceptive inputs and to visceral (pelvic nerve) and somatic (pudendal nerve) afferent pathways. Thus, these neurons may be involved in the mechanisms of visceral-somatic referred pain.
Dopaminergic modulation of gap junction permeability between amacrine cells in mammalian retina
Authors: Hampson EC , Vaney DI , Weiler R
Published: March 2018

In mammalian retina, the rod bipolar cells synapse on the AII amacrine cells, which are therefore the third-order neurons in the rod-signal pathway. The AII amacrine cells are connected by gap junctions, both to each other and to fourth-order, On-center cone bipolar cells. They also receive synaptic input from the dopaminergic amacrine cells, and in this study, we investigated whether dopamine modulates the permeability of the gap junctions between AII amacrine cells in the isolated rabbit retina. The small biotinylated tracer Neurobiotin was injected into nuclear yellow-labeled AII cells under direct microscopic control. The extent of tracer coupling to neighboring AII cells, 40–60 min after Neurobiotin injection (0.5 nA for 60 sec), provided a standard measure of the permeability of the homologous gap junctions. Under control conditions, individual AII amacrine cells were coupled to 73 +/- 15 neighboring cells, and this was unaffected by changes in pH from 6.6 to 7.8. Exogenous dopamine significantly reduced the tracer coupling at concentrations as low as 10 nM (26 +/- 16 cells), with the effect increasing with dopamine concentration up to 10 microM (6 +/- 4 cells). The uncoupling effect of dopamine was both blocked by the selective D1 antagonist SCH-23390 (10 microM) and mimicked by the specific D1 agonist SKF-38393 (500 microM). Moreover, the AII amacrine cells were also uncoupled when the retina was incubated in forskolin (60 microM) and isobutylmethylxanthine (200 microM). Taken together, these results indicated that the uncoupling was mediated by a D1-like receptor that stimulates cAMP production. Although the selective D1 antagonist on its own did not increase tracer coupling, suggesting that there was little release of endogenous dopamine in the superfused photo-bleached retina, veratridine-evoked release of endogenous transmitters did uncouple the AII amacrine cells, and this effect was blocked by the specific D1 antagonist.
Effects of Larval Density on Gene Regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans During Routine L1 Synchronization
Authors: Chan Io Long , Rando Oliver J , Conine Colin C
Published: March 2018

Bleaching gravid C. elegans followed by a short period of starvation of the L1 larvae is a routine method performed by worm researchers for generating synchronous populations for experiments. During the process of investigating dietary effects on gene regulation in L1 stage worms by single-worm RNA-Seq, we found that the density of resuspended L1 larvae affects expression of many mRNAs. Specifically, a number of genes related to metabolism and signaling are highly expressed in worms arrested at low density, but are repressed at higher arrest densities. We generated a GFP reporter strain based on one of the most density-dependent genes in our dataset – lips-15 – and confirmed that this reporter was expressed specifically in worms arrested at relatively low density. Finally, we show that conditioned media from high density L1 cultures was able to downregulate lips-15 even in L1 animals arrested at low density, and experiments using daf-22 mutant animals demonstrated that this effect is not mediated by the ascaroside family of signaling pheromones. Together, our data implicate a soluble signaling molecule in density sensing by L1 stage C. elegans, and provide guidance for design of experiments focused on early developmental gene regulation.
Examination of the vascularization of fetal kidney with three-dimensional power Doppler technique in pregnancies complicated by increased maternal blood pressure
Authors: Suranyi Andrea , Nogrady Miklos , Altorjay Abel , Nyari Tibor , Nemeth Gabor
Published: March 2018

The goal of this study was to investigate the fetal renal vascularization during the third trimester of gestation and the perinatal outcome in pregnancies diagnosed with hypertension. Depending on the medical history, the cases were divided into two groups: chronic hypertension (CHT) group and gestational hypertension (GHT) group. The vascularization and the volume of kidneys were observed in prenatal period by three-dimensional ultrasound. We monitored gestations and perinatal complications. Renal volume and vascularization were detected in 45 cases complicated by GHT and 21 cases with CHT during the 20-month study period. The alteration in fetal renal volume and vascularization may be an in utero cause of subsequent intrauterine and neonatal complications, such as cesarean section because of fetal distress (36%), perinatal infection (24%), treatment in neonatal intensive care unit (39%), or increased perinatal mortality (1%) in affected cases. The results demonstrate that fetuses with depressed vascularization of medullae had 1.5 times the risk of an abnormal outcome compared with the control group. The volume of kidneys had a strong correlation with their vascularization. Detailed ultrasound examinations of renal parenchyma appear to be useful for the prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine hypoxia, allowing the detection of potential pathological fetal conditions in utero.
Mining the Past – Data-Intensive Knowledge Discovery in the Study of Historical Textual Traditions
Authors: Nielbo Kristoffer L , Nichols Ryan , Slingerland Edward
Published: March 2018

Text-heavy and unstructured data constitute the primary source materials for many historical reconstructions. In history and the history of religion, text analysis has typically been conducted by systematically selecting a small sample of texts and subjecting it to highly detailed reading and mental synthesis. But two interrelated technological developments have rendered a new data-intensive paradigm—one that can usefully supplement qualitative analysis—possible in the study of historical textual traditions. First, the availability of significant computing power has made it possible to run algorithms for automated text analysis on most personal computers. Second, the rapid increase in full text digital databases relevant to the study of religion has considerably reduced costs related to data acquisition and digitization. However, a limited understanding of the scope, advantages, and limitations of data-intensive methods, combined with an overly enthusiastic praise of big data by policy-makers and data scientists, have created real obstacles to the implementation of this paradigm in historical research. This is unfortunate, because history offers a rich and uncharted field for data-intensive knowledge discovery, and historians already have the much sought after and necessary domain expertise. In this article we seek to remove obstacles to the data intensive paradigm by presenting its methods and models for handling text-heavy data.
Utilizing Complex Systems Statistics for Historical and Archaeological Data
Authors: Lane Justin E. , Gantley Michael J.
Published: March 2018

This article examines two statistical tools useful for historians and archaeologists that are common in other fields, but rare in cognitive approaches to historical materials. These tools, network statistics and general linear modelling, have been utilized for decades in other disciplines in the cognitive sciences to test for complex and dynamic relationships between different variables. One of the strengths of these two approaches is that they can be used to draw statistical inference from complex, multivariate data; even when data is incomplete. This article outlines how these analyses work and when these approaches can be appropriately used to analyse historical and archaeological data.
Luther H. Martin, The Mind of Mithraists: Historical and Cognitive Studies in the Roman Cult of Mithras (New York: Bloomsbury, 2015), ix +189 pp. ISBN: 9-781-47258-419-9. $112.00 hbk.
Authors: Ambasciano Leonardo
Published: March 2018

Luther H. Martin, The Mind of Mithraists: Historical and Cognitive Studies in the Roman Cult of Mithras (New York: Bloomsbury, 2015), ix +189 pp. ISBN: 9-781-47258-419-9. $112.00 hbk.
Peter Turchin, Ultrasociety: How 10,000 Years of War Made Humans the Greatest Cooperators on Earth (Chaplin, CT: Beresta Books, 2015), 274 pp. ISBN: 978-0-99613-953-3. $18.95 pbk, $9.95 ePub; Kindle.
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: March 2018

Peter Turchin, Ultrasociety: How 10,000 Years of War Made Humans the Greatest Cooperators on Earth (Chaplin, CT: Beresta Books, 2015), 274 pp. ISBN: 978-0-99613-953-3. $18.95 pbk, $9.95 ePub; Kindle.
Peter Bellwood, First Migrants: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective (Malden, MA, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2013), 308 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4051-8908-8. £22.99/€31.10 pbk, ISBN: 978-1-4051-8909-5. £59.95/€81.00 hbk.
Authors: Tattersall Ian
Published: March 2018

Peter Bellwood, First Migrants: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective (Malden, MA, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2013), 308 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4051-8908-8. £22.99/€31.10 pbk, ISBN: 978-1-4051-8909-5. £59.95/€81.00 hbk.
Clive Gamble, Settling the Earth: The Archaeology of Deep Human History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 396 pp. ISBN: 9-781-10760- 107-9. $94.99 hbk, $39.99 pbk, $32.00 e-book.
Authors: Coleman III Thomas J.
Published: March 2018

Clive Gamble, Settling the Earth: The Archaeology of Deep Human History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 396 pp. ISBN: 9-781-10760- 107-9. $94.99 hbk, $39.99 pbk, $32.00 e-book.
Radek Kundt, Contemporary Evolutionary Theories of Culture and the Study of Religion (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic), 192 pp. ISBN: 978-1-47423-224-1. $102.60 hbk, ISBN: 978-1-35003-707-6. $39.95 pbk.
Authors: Mano Peter
Published: March 2018

Radek Kundt, Contemporary Evolutionary Theories of Culture and the Study of Religion (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic), 192 pp. ISBN: 978-1-47423-224-1. $102.60 hbk, ISBN: 978-1-35003-707-6. $39.95 pbk.
Introduction
Authors: Tappenden Frederick S. , Slingerland Edward
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Digital Humanities, Cognitive Historiography, and the Study of Religion
Design of Slip Horizontal Table System For Shaker
Authors: MORGÜL Ömer Kadir
Published: March 2018

Shakers can produce vibration functions at
the desired frequencies and amplitudes according to the vibration standards.
Also, shakers have the same working principle with devices of hydraulic,
mechanical pneumatic, electromagnetic etc. Shakers can produce vibration in the
vertical and horizontal direction depending on the type of table. The test
sample was fixed on the table with fixture. In this study, the appropriate slipe
table was designed and manufactured in order to improve test capability of
shaker. Therefore
shaker had the capability of vibration drive in the horizontal directions for
test sample. Finite element method (FEM), modal analysis,
harmonic analysis and vibration measurements were applied to assess vibration
analysis. After, results of FEM and confirmation experimental were in a good agreement
with each other, the design of vibration shaker table system was manufactured.
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DÜŞÜNME STİLLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ*
Authors: URAL Ozana , ESMER Elif
Published: March 2018

İnsanın öğrenmesi üzerinde etkisi

olan bireysel farklılıklar içinde düşünme stilleri de yer almaktadır.

Öğrenenlerin düşünme stilleri çoğunlukla örgün eğitim sisteminde yer alanlar

üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada açık lise öğrenenlerinin düşünme stilleri

ortaya konmuş ve bu stiller yaş ile cinsiyet değişkenine göre ele alınmıştır.

Araştırma, tarama modeline uygun ve betimsel nitelikte bir araştırmadır.

Çalışma grubunu 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul’da Tuzla Halk Eğitim

Merkezine Açık Öğretim Lisesine kayıt olan ve kayıt yenileme işlemleri için

başvuran 70 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, veri toplamak amacıyla

Stenberg ve Wagner tarafından geliştirilen ve Buluş (2006) tarafından Türkçeye

uyarlanan “Düşünme Stili Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda

öğrenenlerin düşünme stilleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma bulguları açık öğretim

lisesi öğrencilerinin en fazla sırasıyla liberal, muhafazakâr ve hiyerarşik

stilleri kullandıklarını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, açık öğretim lisesi

öğrencilerinin eğitimden daha fazla yararlanması “bağımsız öğrenme”

becerilerini kazanmalarıyla ilintili düşünülmektedir. Bağımsız öğrenme

becerisini destekleyecek uygun düşünme stillerinin öğrencilere verilmesi

önerilmektedir.

 
Human rhinovirus screening conventional RT-PCR ("Gama assay") v3
Authors: M Mackay Ian , E. Arden Katherine
Published: March 2018

This is a very handy, previously published [Ref 1 and 2], rhinovirus (RV) screening and genotyping assay which I and many others have used on many sample extracts, mostly originating fromacutely ill paediatric patients, spanning well over a decade's worth of collection dates. I have not confirmedthat it can detectevery single RV genotype but I do know that it detectsmanyfrom each of the threeRV species (Human rhinovirus A,Human rhinovirus BandHuman rhinovirus C) as well as at least someHuman enterovirus(EV) genotypes. The assay picks up EVs due to the shared genetic similarities inthe5'UTR target region. This is a handy backup subgenomic sequencing assay for use primarilyshould the 'Wisdom VP42' protocol fails to amplifya product for sequencing. It is worth noting that these primers spana target region that can produce confusing results. Recombination withinthe 5' end of the genome of somemembers of the genusEnterovirus can lead to 5'UTR sequences generated by RV-C genotypes that appear to be RV-As.
Dancing with ‘The Other’: Challenges and Opportunities of Deepening Democracy through Participatory Spaces for Refugees
Authors: Rast Maria Charlotte , Ghorashi Halleh
Published: March 2018

Due to the so-called refugee crisis and the Netherlands’ development into a ‘participation society’, refugee reception there has recently shifted its focus to early and fast participation. In this context, numerous community initiatives have emerged to support refugee reception and integration. Compared to earlier restrictive approaches, refugee reception through active engagement of newcomers in community initiatives seems to promise a more inclusive approach, a deepening of democracy. However, such initiatives have internal and external challenges that might inhibit refugees’ active participation and the initiatives’ adoption of inclusive approaches. In this qualitative research, we have explored the challenges and opportunities for active participation and inclusion of refugees in community initiatives, considering the context of normalizing exclusive discourses and increasingly neoliberal policies on refugee reception.
The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion through Citizenship
Authors: Koser Akcapar Sebnem , Simsek Dogus
Published: March 2018

Turkey began to receive refugees from Syria in 2011 and has since become the country hosting the highest number of refugees, with more than 3.5 million Syrians and half a million people of other nationalities, mainly from Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran. An important turning point regarding the legal status of Syrian refugees has come with recent amendments to the Turkish citizenship law. Based on ongoing academic debates on integration and citizenship, this article will explore these two concepts in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. We will argue that the shift in the Turkish citizenship law is a direct outcome of recent migration flows. We further argue that the citizenship option is used both as a reward for skilled migrants with economic and cultural capital and as a tool to integrate the rest of the Syrians. It also reflects other social, political and demographic concerns of the Turkish government. Using our recent ethnographic study with Syrians and local populations in two main refugee hosting cities in Turkey, Istanbul and Gaziantep, we will locate the successes and weaknesses of this strategy by exemplifying the views of Syrian refugees on gaining Turkish citizenship and the reactions of Turkish nationals.
#London2012: Towards Citizen-Contributed Urban Planning Through Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data
Authors: Kovacs-Gyori Anna , Ristea Alina , Havas Clemens , Resch Bernd , Cabrera-Barona Pablo
Published: March 2018

The dynamic nature of cities, understood as complex systems with a variety of concurring factors, poses significant challenges to urban analysis for supporting planning processes. This particularly applies to large urban events because their characteristics often contradict daily planning routines. Due to the availability of large amounts of data, social media offer the possibility for fine-scale spatial and temporal analysis in this context, especially regarding public emotions related to varied topics. Thus, this article proposes a combined approach for analyzing large sports events considering event days vs comparison days (before or after the event) and different user groups (residents vs visitors), as well as integrating sentiment analysis and topic extraction. Our results based on various analyses of tweets demonstrate that different spatial and temporal patterns can be identified, clearly distinguishing both residents and visitors, along with positive or negative sentiment. Furthermore, we could assign tweets to specific urban events or extract topics related to the transportation infrastructure. Although the results are potentially able to support urban planning processes of large events, the approach still shows some limitations including well-known biases in social media or shortcomings in identifying the user groups and in the topic modeling approach.
The antimicrobial activity and toxicity od alkyltetrahydroisoquinolones
Authors: Terenteva E. , Sasmakov S. , Azimov S. , Vinogradova V. , Abdurakhmanov D. , Khashimova Z. , Saidov A.
Published: March 2018

The antibacterial and antifungal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans fungal strain for alkyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were evaluated. It was established, that 1,11-bis(6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)undecan shows pronounced antibacterial properties against all the microorganism strains and strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans with greater inhibition area than the reference drug. IC50 value of the compound is 2,1±0,1 μg/ml, LD50 value is 324,9±18,2 mg/kg.
Конвергентная редакция как новый тип организации редакционной структуры СМИ
Authors: Молчанова Ольга Ильинична
Published: March 2018

Статья посвящена исследованию нового понятия «конвергентная редакция», специфике функционирования конвергентной редакции, структурным преобразованиям и отражению явлений медиаконвергенции на субъектах данной социальной системы. Конвергентная редакция рассматривается как структура одновременно производственного и творческого характера, создающая медиапродукт для разных массмедиа, которые объединены одной медиаструктурой (печатные СМИ, телевидение, радио, Интернет).

Конвергенция трансформирует циркуляцию информационных потоков, оказывает необратимое влияние на реконструкцию организационной структуры СМИ, формируя новую бизнес-модель, модернизируя процессы сбора, создания и распространения информационного продукта. В результате аудитория массмедиа перестает быть пассивным потребителем контента, она становится центром постоянно обновляющегося информационного пространства, сама может создавать контент. Под воздействием конвергенции происходит слияние рынков и радикально меняются прежние представления о каналах коммуникации и информации.

Дальнейшее развитие медиаконвергенции приведет к углублению этих процессов, что скажется на структурных особенностях конвергентных редакций и будет зависеть от специфики социального управления процессами их формирования и функционирования.
Экзистенциальная проблематика рассказов Л. Улицкой (на примере цикла «Бедные родственники»)
Authors: Мотамедния Масумех Насроллах
Published: March 2018

Данная статья посвящена размышлениям о проблематике малой прозы современной российской писательницы Л. Улицкой на примере цикла ее рассказов «Бедные родственники» (1993). Исследуются противоречивые и, по мнению автора статьи, весьма спорные представления о так называемой аморальности, безнравственности, чернухе, натурализме и бытописательстве Л. Улицкой.

Анализируется проблематика и своеобразие художественного конфликта рассказов «Бедные родственники», «Генеле-сумочница», «Лялин дом» и др. Отмечается внимание Л. Улицкой к экзистенциальным проблемам человеческого существования: гармонии и дисгармонии, плотского и духовного. Подробно рассматривается картина мира героев (Ляли, ее мужа и Казиева в рассказе «Лялин дом», Броньки и Ирины в рассказе «Бронька», Генеле в рассказе «Генеле-сумочница»), выявляется своеобразие внутренних конфликтов в прозе Улицкой, которые писательница помещает внутри, а не вовне. Развитие сюжета, по сути, лишено открытого противостояния и противоборства, но тем острее и насыщеннее его внутреннее течение в психике персонажей, которые переживают крах мировоззрения. Систему устойчивых представлений своих героев Улицкая подвергает серьезному душевному испытанию, а затем анализирует и истоки душевного кризиса героев, и его смыслообразующую суть.
Исследование позволяет прийти к заключению о том, что проза Улицкой, лишенная заметного морализаторства, вместе с тем основана на глубинных представлениях о моральном и аморальном, живом и мертвом, истинном и ложном. Интерес к субстанциональному и экзистенциальному в прозе Улицкой реализуется через изображение внутреннего конфликта, трагическое столкновение в душе персонажа конфликтующих ценностных систем.
Тело человека как социокультурный феномен
Authors: Ремизов Вячеслав Александрович , Ирхен Ирина Игоревна
Published: March 2018

В статье предпринята попытка осмыслить тело человека как социокультурный феномен. Для анализа предмета исследования использованы методы включенного наблюдения, контент-анализа, моделирования культурных функций, социокультурной аналогии. Дана трактовка тела человека в виде культурного текста с учетом положений методологии культурной диффузии в части анализа взаимопроникновения культурных инноваций, а также принципов функционализма, рассматривающих культурные процессы как взаимосвязанные между собой элементы антропологической системы.

На конкретных примерах проанализирована взаимосвязь телесных качеств, техник тела с системой культуры традиционных и современных обществ. Отмечена власть общественных законов, культурных норм над человеческим телом. Показано, что внешний облик людей, их язык, категории восприятия выступают результатом встраивания в тело объективных структур социального пространства. Так как граница физического тела делает его символом, социальной метафорой группы, акцентируется синхронность социокультурного и индивидуально-телесного начала. Уточняются проявления телесной неконгруэнтности, ставшей нормой в современных реалиях. В дискурсе о телесности человека затрагивается тема его энергийности. Телесная организация рассматривается носителем «культурного поля» как особая форма жизни. Отмечена трансформация человеком собственной биологической структуры (тела) в «особой» энергетической среде взаимодействия и функционирования человеческих эмоций, переживаний и чувств. Выдвинут тезис о необходимости эмоциональной энергии всех людей независимо от их принадлежности к тому или иному энерготипу для самого существования культуры. Уровень развитости конкретного культурного ареала во многом определяется мерой духовного развития конкретной человеческой общности, фазой данного этногенеза, силой духа эпохи, в связи с чем обосновывается идея о теле человека как результате социокультурного действия. Тело человека также выступает не пассивной отражательной данностью, а активным фактором социокультурного содержания. Оно фиксируется в языке, образах, афоризмах, метафорах, стилистике действий, культурных практиках — во всей взаимосвязи структурных элементов.

«Человеческое тело — культура» образуют сложную систему, которая проявляется на материальном, духовном, деятельностном уровнях. В условиях технологической революции телесность подвергается активным трансформациям. Рефлексия тела человека в диалектической связи природного и социального начала, их синергии обнаруживает новые возможности синтеза разных паттернов, а шире — социокультурного конструирования телесной человеческой системы.
Prediction of adult-onset bronchial asthma in patients with metabolic syndrom in actual practice
Authors: Kosmynina M A , Kupaev V I
Published: March 2018

Aim. Adult asthma diagnosis optimization for patients with metabolic syndrome using prognostic methods.

Methods. The study included 46 patients with metabolic syndrome. Out of them, at the time of the study 31 subjects suffered from adult-onset bronchial asthma. All participants of the study had a history and complaints collected, and a clinical examination performed. Spirometry was used to assess the severity of bronchial obstruction syndrome. To assess the severity of metabolic syndrome components, glucose and fasting insulin concentrations, and lipid profile were determined, the homeostasis index of insulin resistance was calculated. Also in all participants the concentrations of leptin and endothelin-1 in the serum were determined.

Results. Risk of adult-onset bronchial asthma in a typical patient with metabolic syndrome spikes with maximal blood pressure higher than 154/90 mm Hg, and immunoglobulin E and leptin level higher than 33 ME/ml and 3.7 ng/ml, respectively. Blood pressure level affects adult-onset bronchial asthma pathogenesis only in combination with other metabolic syndrome components. Immunoglobulin E-mediated reactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of adult-onset bronchial asthma, and leptin acts as a regulator of pathogenetic mechanism.

Conclusion. Development of adult-onset bronchial asthma in patients with metabolic syndrome may be predicted on the basis of various variables; according to our data, those variables include maximum systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, and levels of immunoglobulin E and leptin.
Prevalence and risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse in female citizens of Baku
Authors: Askerova M Sh , Rzakulieva L M
Published: March 2018

Aim. Study of prevalence and risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse in females in Baku.

Methods. Statistical observation unit was a woman aged 45-74 years. The sample size (710 women) was determined taking into account probable prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (20% according to literature) and margin of error (3%). All women were invited to maternity welfare centre, and a thorough examination was performed after their written consent was obtained.

Results. The proportion of women aged 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-74 years was 26.5±1.7, 24.9±1.6, 23.1±1.6, 10.9±1.2, 8.2±1.0 and 6.4±0.9%, respectively. Prevalence of obesity in the named groups was 31.9, 34.5, 35.4, 36.4, 27.8 and 34.8%. Proportion of women with secondary and specialized secondary education was 58.5, 58.8, 53.7, 51.9, 51.7 and 67.4% resepctively. Among women of the corresponding age groups, physical work was recorded in 47.9, 53.7, 59.8, 58.4, 13.8 and 17.4% of cases, respectively. In past medical history, no surgeries were observed in 68.1, 77.4, 73.2, 77.9, 84.5 and 84.8% of cases, resepectively. Some women had no labour in past medical history (2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.6, 3.5 and 4.3% in the same age groups). Statistically significantly prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse increases among those aged 60 years and older (51.6±3.6% at age 45-49 years and ≥76.6±4.8% at age 60 years and older, р=0.001), with a body mass index less than 25.0 and more than 30 kg/м2 (69.7±3.3 and 66.7±3.0%, р=0.01), with high parity and remarkable family history (63.0±2.6, р=0.01), severe connective tissue dysplasia (72.6±2.5%, р=0.001), in postmenopausal period (63.8±2.0%, р=0.01), and depending on education level (88.0±2.4% among those with pre-secondary education: р=0.001). Relative risk of pelvic organ prolapse in the population of Baku is lower compared to the literature data in the background of obesity, but is higher in the background of positive family history and depending on the amount of deliveries (p=0.05).

Conclusion. In Baku 59.9±1.8% of women aged 45-75 years have pelvic organ prolapse of different severity, incomplete uterine and vaginal prolapse are more prevalent (41.3±1.8 per 100 women); prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is higher in women aged 60 years or older compared to those aged 45-49 (76.6±4.8% vs 51.6±3.6%, р=0.001).
Presence of metabolic syndrome does not influence intima-media thickness and interadventitial diameter of main arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rzaeva R A
Published: March 2018

Aim. To evaluate intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter of common carotid arteries and their ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in combination with metabolic syndrome, previously not receiving statins.

Methods. The results of Doppler ultrasound of common carotid arteries of 233 patients were analyzed. 73 of them were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (49 males, 24 females, average age 59.2±9.13 years), 74 - in combination with metabolic syndrome (38 males, 36 females, average age 61.38±9.16 years), and 86 did not have neither type 2 diabetes nor metabolic syndrome (52 males and 34 females, average age 58.99±7.23 years). For variables with normal distribution, mean value (M) and error of mean (m) were used, and when comparing nonparametric parameters, distribution in contingency table and χ2 was used.

Results. Mean values of intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries and the ratio of intima-media thickness to interadventitial diameter were significantly higher (p <0.05), and interadventitial diameter was significantly lower (p <0.05) in the subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes alone and in combination with metabolic syndrome compared to patients without these diseases. Significantly more frequently the cases of increased intima-media thickness and decreased interadventitial diameter of common carotid arteries were revealed on both sides in the subgroups with type 2 diabetes alone and combined with metabolic syndrome (p <0.001), that resulted in increased ratio of intima-media thickness to interadventitial diameter being indicative of general increase of arterial wall stiffness and decreased ability to compensatory remodeling in these categories of patients.

Conclusion. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its combination with metabolic syndrome previously not receiving statins, the values of intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter and their ratio statistically significantly differ frome those in patients without type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; the presence of metabolic syndrome does not influence values of intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter and their ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Antiimmunosuppressive action of 3d-metal gluconates in experimental immunodeficiency
Authors: Knyazeva O A , Urazaeva S I , Konkina I G , Saptarova L M , Gazdalieva L M , Murinov Yu I
Published: March 2018

Aim. Evaluation of the effect of 3d-metal gluconates on complement-fixing function of immunoglobulin G and functional activity of complement.

Methods. The study was conducted in vivo on 2.5-3 month-old white laboratory mice weighing 25-28 g with secondary immunodeficiency, which was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, as well as in vitro in a test system using sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Immunological studies were performed in intact animals, and before and after the administration of Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn gluconates to mice with induced immunodeficiency. The content of immunoglobulin G and its complexes with subcomponent of the complement first component C1q was determined in serum by ELISA using specific monoclonal antibodies.

Results. Two-week oral administration of 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn) in a dose of 1/10 LD50 to immunodeficient mice was shown to cause a significant increase in the level of immunoglobulin G and its complexes with C1q. The greatest increase in concentration was observed with the introduction of zinc gluconate. Also by means of sensitized sheep erythrocytes in vitro, cobalt and, to a lesser extent, manganese gluconates were shown to increase the functional activity of C1q.

Conclusion. 3d-metal gluconates (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn) demonstrate immunocorrecting properties: increase the content of immunoglobulin G and its complexes with C1q, significantly decreasing as a result of cyclophosphamide effect; cobalt and manganese gluconates have a stimulating effect on the functional activity of complement by its classical pathway, which indicates different mechanisms of immunocorrection action of studied metal gluconates and requires further studies.
Medical thermography: capabilities and perspectives
Authors: Morozov A M , Mokhov E M , Kadykov V A , Panova A V
Published: March 2018

Medical thermography is a modern diagnostic method that is currently gaining popularity due to high informative value and non-invasiveness. The aim of the study was to review the capabilities and prospects of medical thermography in modern medicine. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the application of medical thermography methods for the period of 2012-2017 was performed. The article presents the capabilities of imaging in various fields of medicine, evaluates the prospects of further development of the method, advances and disadvantages of thermography were identified. It also provides the review of the application of medical infrared thermography in clinical medicine. The experience of thermography application in various medical fields was investigated: angiology, otolaryngology, surgery, neurology, obstetrics and gyenecology, etc. Apart from medical aspects of this topic, the article discusses the history of medical thermography as well as provides the physical principles of this method. At present, thermal imaging can solve a wide range of problems: determining the presence of changes in the human body, and, as a result, the probability of pathology development, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation. Every year more and more studies are carried out, confirming the high efficiency, reliability and safety of thermography, thermographic screenings are suggested, that can be assumed as prediction of future method's popularity.
Etiopathogenic bases for patellofemoral arthritis development
Authors: Said F MM , Akhtyamov I F , Kudryavtsev A I , Nuriakhmetov A N
Published: March 2018

Patellofemoral arthritis is nowadays an actual issue of traumatology and orthopedics. High prevalence of this pathology around the world (6.9 to 36.1%) is associated with multiple etiological causes, responsible for certain difficulties in diagnosis and complexity of determining an individualized pathogenetic method of treatment. The pathology, often occurring in the young age, is called «delayed or late arthritis», due to the fact that it is often ignored in the early stages of its development. This leads, in the final stages of disease, to manifestation of classic osteoarthritis involving all the structures of the knee joint in the process. The literature review is devoted to the study of etiology, pathogenesis and anatomical features of the development of patellofemoral arthritis. From the clinical point of view, the most important factors, influencing patellofemoral arthritis course, are analyzed. They include mechanisms of the disease, anatomical features of patella, trochlear surface and femoral condyles, which affect the disease course. The article discusses the risk factors of patellofemoral arthritis, such as weakness of vastus muscles of quadriceps femoris, increased knee Q-angle, increased femoral anteversion and tibial rotation, abnormalities of patellar and tibial epicondyles morphology. In addition the study presents some data about dysplasia of the condyles and femoral trochlea and patella, disposition of the patella and dysplasia of the quadriceps. Variations of configuration and position of patella affecting its stability are described and presented. The article also focuses on the influence of internal tibial rotation and femoral anteversion on the development of disease, as well as patellar instability as a multifactorial cause.
Paraneoplastic Sjogren’s syndrome in gastric cancer
Authors: Khamitov R F , Molostvova A F , Salimova L M
Published: March 2018

In clinical practice, various masks of oncological diseases are often found. Some of them can manifest as a variety of syndromes or symptom complexes that resemble many non-oncologic diseases, including diffuse connective tissue diseases. In some cases, paraneoplastic syndrome facilitates diagnosing a malignant neoplasm in the early stages, but, unfortunately, can also mimic the tumor process by its more prominent manifestations, which lead to late establishment of the true cause of the disease, and therefore postpone specific treatment, creating significant clinical problems. Aim of the study was to reveal pathogenetic relationship between cancer and paraneoplastic syndrome on the example of our clinical observation. A clinical case of diagnosed paraneoplastic syndrome in the form of secondary Sjogren's syndrome, which developed long before the diagnosis of stomach cancer was made, as well as the results of clinical, instrumental, and laboratory examination of the patient, are presented. Questions of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and clinical picture of paraneoplastic syndrome are covered. The presented clinical case made it possible to outline the features of the course of paraneoplastic Sjogren's syndrome in gastric cancer and to identify a number of criteria for the diagnostic algorithm of this nosology. In particular, such criteria include general pathogenetic mechanisms, development only in malignant tumors, nonspecific clinical and laboratory manifestations, lack of parallelism with local symptoms of the tumor, the possibility of occurrence of paraneoplastic Sjogren's syndrome before development of local tumor symptoms and reappearance after its relapse. Oncologic diseases are characterized not only by specific symptoms characteristic for a certain organ damage (pain, bleeding, dysfunction, etc.), but also by a variety of nonspecific manifestations (fatigue, subfebrile temperature, weight loss, etc.) regardless of the nature, location and prevalence of the tumor process.
The first experience of the use of two-fraction adaptive intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Isaev I G , Akperov K S , Guliev E G , Alieva N R , Alieva N S
Published: March 2018

Aim. The study of the results of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer with the use of two-fraction brachytherapy.

Methods. The article presents analysis of the examination and treatment results of 17 patients with IIB-IIIB stage cervical cancer. The average age was 51±4.6 years (44 to 62 years). External beam radiotherapy was performed with single boost dose of 1.8 Gy to total dose of 45 Gy. Also the patients received 40 mg/m2 of weekly cisplatin. Intracavitary/interstitial high dose-rate brachytherapy with insertion of parametrial needles consisted of two weekly fractions of 10.0 Gy.

Results. Due to the use of interstitial needles the average dose was 82.2 Gy when recalculated to classical 2 Gy fractions. The median follow up was 16±3,2 months. The used radiotherapy modality for cervical cancer allowed achieving complete tumor involution in 16 (94.1%) patients and partial involution only in 1 (5.9%) case. All females had favorable tolerance and received the entire regimen of planned radiation.

Conclusion. The first experience of the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer with external beam radiotherapy, two-fraction intracavitary/interstitial adaptive brachytherapy with single boost dose of 10 Gy and 5 weekly infusions of 40 mg/m2 of cisplatin showed high probability of complete and partial tumor response rate with favorable tolerance and acceptable incidence and severity of toxicity.
CUSHING SENDROMU İLE ORTAYA ÇIKAN METASTATİK DEV ADRENOKORTİKAL KARSİNOM OLGUSU
Authors: Gökay Ferhat , Arduç Ayşe , Akbaba Gülhan , Berker Dilek , Güler Serdar
Published: March 2018

Adrenokortikal karsinom nadir görülen kötü prognozlu bir tümördür. En sık klinik prezentasyonu Cushing Sendromu’dur ama bunun tersine Cushing sendromunun nadir sebeplerindendir. Biz bu makalede nadir görülmesi nedeniyle kortizol salgılayan metastatik dev adrenokortikal karsinom tanıları olan bir vakayı sunduk. Kilo alımı, kıllanma artışı, adet düzensizliği ile başvuran 46 yaşındaki kadın hasta 15 yıl önce malign melanom tanısı almış, cerrahi ve kemoterapi sonrası kür kabul edilmişti. Hastada abdominal obezite, hirsutismus ve akneiform döküntüler mevcuttu. Gece serum kortizolü, 24 saatlik idrar kortizolü artmış, adrenokortikotropik hormon baskılı idi. Deksametazon 2mg ve 8mg supresyon testlerinde baskılanma olmadı. Adrenal Cushing sendromu tanısı ile çekilen surrenal magnetik rezonans görüntüleme sağ sürrenalde 7x8x9cm kitle saptandı. Sürrenalektomi patolojik incelemesinde adrenokortikal karsinom saptandı. Sisplatin, etoposid, mitotan kemoterapisi verilen hasta 36 ay sonra yaygın metastazlar nedeni ile öldü.
Assessment of the Views of Undergraduate Students about Female Body and Sexual Life in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Aksoy Derya Yesim , Ucar Tuba , Erdemoglu Cigdem , Yilmaz Ayse Nur , Sonmez Ayse
Published: March 2018

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the views of
undergraduate students about the female body and sexual life during pregnancy
and the postpartum (PP) period.

Materials
and Methods: This
descriptive study was conducted with 466 students from a public university in
the spring semester of the academic year of 2015-2016. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical analyzes
included means, standard deviations, percentage distributions and chi-square
test (X2).

Results: Of the students who participated in the survey, 64.4%
were female, 26.4% were senior students, and the mean age of the students was
21.62±2.47 years. The rates of female
and male students who stated that pregnancy suits the female body were 56% and
36.1%, respectively. In contrast, the rates of female and male students who
stated that the PP period does not suit the female body were 40.3% and 25.9%,
respectively. We found similar ratios of female (50.7%) and male (57.9%)
students regarding the opinion that pregnancy adversely affects sexual life,
which was explained in turn by the following options: "Sexual intercourse
during pregnancy may harm the baby", "Pregnancy may reduce the
frequency of sexual intercourse", "I do not find it ethical to have
sex during pregnancy", "Pregnancy may reduce the sense of pleasure
experienced during sexual intercourse", and "I think that sexual
intercourse during pregnancy is not religiously appropriate." The only
positive option about sexual life in the PP period was
"Incision/episiotomy in the birth canal makes sexual intercourse easier /
reduces pain" with participation rates of 85.7% and 16.6% in female and
male graduates, respectively. Additionally, vaginal birth, episiotomy
and breastfeeding were listed as factors that adversely affect sexual life in
the PP period.

Conclusion: It was concluded that physical
changes in the PP period caused aesthetic concerns for female students, while
male students had a more negative attitude towards sexual life during
pregnancy, and negative opinions about sexual life in the PP period were
widespread among the undergraduate students.