bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C70/Pentacene Organic Heterojunction as Charge Generator to Realize Highly Efficient Charge Carrier Injection in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Performance and Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Guo Qingxun , Sun Hengda , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M. , Ma Dongge
Published: May 2016

Highly efficient charge carrier injection from electrodes is basically required for high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the mismatch of metal work function and energy level of charge carrier transport layers inevitably introduces the injection barrier and also greatly restricts the choice of the electrode metals. Here, a planar organic heterojunction (OHJ) C70/pentacene is used as charge generator to realize the highly efficient injection of charge carriers in OLEDs, not only achieving the high efficiency but also significantly improving the stability. More importantly, the resulting devices show an electrode work function‐independent efficiency property, greatly broadening the selectivity of electrode metals. Detailed studies are presented on the transport properties of electrons and holes in single‐carrier devices based on C70/pentacene OHJ by current density–voltage (J–V) measurements at various temperatures. It can be seen that Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) tunnel model can be used to well demonstrate the J–V properties, indicating that the charge injection based on OHJ is a tunnel process. The impedance measurements found that the lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbit energy level and higher electron mobility properties are very necessary for the used electron‐transport materials to reduce the space charge region width, thus realizing highly efficient electron injection.
An Efficient, Stable and Reusable Palladium Nanocatalyst: Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes with Molecular Hydrogen in Water
Authors: Kotha Surya Srinivas , Sharma Nidhi , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: May 2016

Palladium nanoparticles (Pd‐BNP) stabilized by a binaphthyl‐backbone can be efficiently used for the chemoselective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of hydrogen at room temperature in water. The Pd‐BNP catalyst is easily recovered and reused for five catalytic cycles.

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Selective Monoarylation of Primary Anilines Catalyzed by Pd(dippf) and its Application in OLED Component Synthesis
Authors: Grünberg Matthias F. , Jia Fan , Rivas‐Nass Andreas , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: May 2016

Palladium 1,1′‐bis(diisopropylphosphino)‐ferrocene [Pd(dippf)] complexes were found to promote the monoarylation of primary anilines with unprecedented selectivities. They also allow the sequential arylation of primary anilines with two different aryl bromides in one pot. The reactions can be performed at low catalyst loadings (0.2 mol%) and high substrate concentrations. The synthetic utility of the optimum catalyst was demonstrated by the synthesis of various di‐ and triarylamines. A particular focus was set on compounds with carbazole and fluorene moieties as employed in state‐of‐the‐art small‐molecule organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).

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Catalyst‐Free Isothiocyanatoalkylthiation of Styrenes with (Alkylthio)pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones and Trimethylsilyl Isothiocyanate
Authors: Tian Hua , Yu Jipan , Yang Haijun , Zhu Changjin , Fu Hua
Published: May 2016

A simple and efficient catalyst‐free method for isothiocyanatoalkylthiation of styrenes has been developed. The protocol uses (alkylthio)pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones and trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate as the isothiocyanatoalkylthiolating reagents, dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent, and the reactions were completed within one hour with tolerance of some functional groups. No catalyst and additive were required in the reaction system, which avoided any contamination of transition metal catalysts in the target products. Therefore, the present method provides a convenient, efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of compounds by a combination of sulfides and isothiocyanates.

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Trifunctional Squaramide Catalyst for Efficient Enantioselective Henry Reaction Activation
Authors: Alegre‐Requena Juan V. , Marqués‐López Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P.
Published: May 2016

A new class of trifunctional squaramide catalyst acting by means of multiple interactions has been found in a study of the Henry reaction. Enantiomerically enriched nitroaldol products were obtained in good yields and high enantioselectivities under mild conditions using one of the smallest amounts of organocatalyst reported so far for this reaction (0.25 mol%). The catalyst was able to generate hydrogen bonding and anion‐π/hydrogen‐π interactions with the substrates, responsible of the improvement in the reactivity and the enantioselectivity of this process. Computational calculations support a mechanistic hypothesis based on an anion‐π effect, this being the first example reported in asymmetric catalysis.

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Annulation Reactions of 7‐Azaindoles with Electron‐Deficient Olefins via Double CH Activation
Authors: Li Shuai‐Shuai , Lin Hui , Liu Chen‐Fei , Xia Ying‐Qi , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Dong Lin
Published: May 2016

Rhodium‐catalyzed tandem annulation reactions via olefination and subsequent intramolecular C‐Michael‐type cyclization represent an efficient approach for the direct construction of CC bonds. The simple and atom‐economic strategy produces various alkylation derivatives of 7‐azaindole with a quaternary carbon center from 7‐azaindoles and olefins.

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Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−C Homocoupling
Authors: Cai Yingxiao , Qian Xin , Gosmini Corinne
Published: May 2016

An efficient and easy method for C
−C
homocoupling was developed using cobalt bromide as catalyst. A series of functionalized alkyl bromides and alkyl chlorides were coupled in high yields under mild conditions. This reaction seems to involve a radical intermediate.

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Square‐Centimeter‐Sized High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells: How the Processing Atmosphere and Film Quality Influence Performance at Large Scale
Authors: Dkhil Sadok Ben , Pfannmöller Martin , Bals Sara , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Yoshimoto Noriyuki , Hannani Driss , Gaceur Meriem , Videlot‐Ackermann Christine , Margeat Olivier , Ackermann Jörg
Published: May 2016

Organic solar cells based on two benzodithiophene‐based polymers (PTB7 and PTB7‐Th) processed at square centimeter‐size under inert atmosphere and ambient air, respectively, are investigated. It is demonstrated that the performance of solar cells processed under inert atmosphere is not limited by the upscaling of photoactive layer and the interfacial layers. Thorough morphological and electrical characterizations of optimized layers and corresponding devices reveal that performance losses due to area enlargement are only caused by the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode reducing the efficiency from 9.3% of 7.8% for PTB7‐Th in the condition that both photoactive layer and the interfacial layers are of high layer quality. Air processing of photoactive layer and the interfacial layers into centimeter‐sized solar cells lead to additional, but only slight, losses (<10%) in all photovoltaic parameters, which can be addressed to changes in the electronic properties of both active layer and ZnO layers rather than changes in layer morphology. The demonstrated compatibility of polymer solar cells using solution‐processed photoactive layer and interfacial layers with large area indicates that the introduction of a standard active area of 1 cm² for measuring efficiency of organic record solar cells is feasible. However electric standards for indium tin oxides (ITO) or alternative transparent electrodes need to be developed so that performance of new photovoltaic materials can be compared at square centimeter‐size.
Homozygous HOXB1 loss‐of‐function mutation in a large family with hereditary congenital facial paresis
Authors: Vogel Markus , Velleuer Eunike , Schmidt‐Jiménez Leon F. , Mayatepek Ertan , Borkhardt Arndt , Alawi Malik , Kutsche Kerstin , Kortüm Fanny
Published: May 2016

Hereditary congenital facial paresis (HCFP) belongs to the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. HCFP is characterized by the isolated dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve and can be associated with hearing loss, strabismus, and orofacial anomalies. Möbius syndrome shares facial palsy with HCFP, but is additionally characterized by limited abduction of the eye(s). Genetic heterogeneity has been documented for HCFP as one locus mapped to chromosome 3q21‐q22 (HCFP1) and a second to 10q21.3‐q22.1 (HCFP2). The only known causative gene for HCFP is HOXB1 (17q21; HCFP3), encoding a homeodomain‐containing transcription factor of the HOX gene family, which are master regulators of early developmental processes. The previously reported HOXB1 mutations change arginine 207 to another residue in the homeodomain and alter binding capacity of HOXB1 for transcriptional co‐regulators and DNA. We performed whole exome sequencing in HCFP‐affected individuals of a large consanguineous Moroccan family. The homozygous nonsense variant c.66C>G/p.(Tyr22*) in HOXB1 was identified in the four patients with HCFP and ear malformations, while healthy family members carried the mutation in the heterozygous state. This is the first disease‐associated HOXB1 mutation with a likely loss‐of‐function effect suggesting that all HOXB1 variants reported so far also have severe impact on activity of this transcriptional regulator. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel de novo dominant negative mutation in DNM1L impairs mitochondrial fission and presents as childhood epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Fahrner Jill A. , Liu Raymond , Perry Michael Scott , Klein Jessica , Chan David C.
Published: May 2016

DNM1L encodes dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1/DLP1), a key component of the mitochondrial fission machinery that is essential for proper functioning of the mammalian brain. Previously reported probands with de novo missense mutations in DNM1L presented in the first year of life with severe encephalopathy and refractory epilepsy, with several dying within the first several weeks after birth. In contrast, we report identical novel missense mutations in DNM1L in two unrelated probands who experienced normal development for several years before presenting with refractory focal status epilepticus and subsequent rapid neurological decline. We expand the phenotype of DNM1L‐related mitochondrial fission defects, reveal common unique clinical characteristics and imaging findings, and compare the cellular impact of this novel mutation to the previously reported A395D lethal variant. We demonstrate that our R403C mutation, which resides in the assembly region of DRP1, acts by a dominant‐negative mechanism and reduces oligomerization, mitochondrial fission activity, and mitochondrial recruitment of DRP1, but to a lesser extent compared to the A395D mutation. In contrast to the initial report of neonatal lethality resulting from DNM1L mutation and DRP1 dysfunction, our results show that milder DRP1 impairment is compatible with normal early development and subsequently results in a distinct set of neurological findings. In addition, we identify a common pathogenic mechanism whereby DNM1L mutations impair mitochondrial fission. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sedation and general anesthesia for patients with Cornelia De Lange syndrome: A case series
Authors: Moretto Alessandra , Scaravilli Vittorio , Ciceri Valentina , Bosatra Mariagrazia , Giannatelli Federica , Ateniese Bianca , Mariani Milena , Cereda Anna , Sosio Simone , Zanella Alberto , Pesenti Antonio , Selicorni Angelo
Published: May 2016

Cornelia De Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by typical facial dysmorphism, developmental disability, and limb deficiency defects. Various congenital malformations and medical complications have been described with gastroesophageal reflux as the major one. CdLS patients often require multiple high‐risk anesthetic procedures. At San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy) the management of CdLS patients is routinely organized through a standard protocol and a dedicated pediatric anesthesia team has been implemented. We report on a retrospective descriptive analysis of the anesthetic records of the CdLS patients admitted to San Gerardo Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015. We retrieved: demographics, genetic profiles, type of procedures, anesthetic approaches, anesthetics usage and complications. Data are reported as median (interquartile range) values. Twenty‐seven patients (11 female), with age 12 (7–15) years old, weight 24 (14–35) kg, and severity score of 25 (18–32) were included. NIBPL mutations were the most frequently represented. We analyzed 58 procedures (30 esophagogastroduodenoscopies, 8 evoked auditory potential tests, 5 radiodiagnostics, 5 catheters positioning, 4 bronchoscopies) managed by sedation (36) and general anesthesia (6). Each patient underwent one (1–2) anesthetic procedure. Propofol (59%), sevoflurane (31%), fentanyl (24%), and ketamine (10%) were used. Three out of six endotracheal intubations were difficult. The only documented intraoperative complications were three episodes of desaturation (oxygen saturation <90%) occurring during sedations and were managed without the need for an invasive control of the airways. Implementation of a specific management protocol and a dedicated allowed to provide anesthesia to CdLS patients without the occurrence of major complications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of long‐term disability accrual in relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jokubaitis Vilija G. , Spelman Tim , Kalincik Tomas , Lorscheider Johannes , Havrdova Eva , Horakova Dana , Duquette Pierre , Girard Marc , Prat Alexandre , Izquierdo Guillermo , Grammond Pierre , Van Pesch Vincent , Pucci Eugenio , Grand'Maison François , Hupperts Raymond , Granella Franco , Sola Patrizia , Bergamaschi Roberto , Iuliano Gerardo , Spitaleri Daniele , Boz Cavit , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Olascoaga Javier , Verheul Freek , McCombe Pamela , Petersen Thor , Rozsa Csilla , Lechner‐Scott Jeannette , Saladino Maria Laura , Farina Deborah , Iaffaldano Pietro , Paolicelli Damiano , Butzkueven Helmut , Lugaresi Alessandra , Trojano Maria ,   on behalf of the MSBase Study Group
Published: May 2016

Objective

To identify predictors of 10‐year Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change after treatment initiation in patients with relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Using data obtained from MSBase, we defined baseline as the date of first injectable therapy initiation. Patients need only have remained on injectable therapy for 1 day and were monitored on any approved disease‐modifying therapy, or no therapy thereafter. Median EDSS score changes over a 10‐year period were determined. Predictors of EDSS change were then assessed using median quantile regression analysis. Sensitivity analyses were further performed.

Results

We identified 2,466 patients followed up for at least 10 years reporting post‐baseline disability scores. Patients were treated an average 83% of their follow‐up time. EDSS scores increased by a median 1 point (interquartile range = 0–2) at 10 years post‐baseline. Annualized relapse rate was highly predictive of increases in median EDSS over 10 years (coeff = 1.14, p = 1.9 × 10−22). On‐therapy relapses carried greater burden than off‐therapy relapses. Cumulative treatment exposure was independently associated with lower EDSS at 10 years (coeff = −0.86, p = 1.3 × 10−9). Furthermore, pregnancies were also independently associated with lower EDSS scores over the 10‐year observation period (coeff = −0.36, p = 0.009).

Interpretation

We provide evidence of long‐term treatment benefit in a large registry cohort, and provide evidence of long‐term protective effects of pregnancy against disability accrual. We demonstrate that high annualized relapse rate, particularly on‐treatment relapse, is an indicator of poor prognosis. Ann Neurol 2016;80:89–100
The renaissance of General Relativity: How and why it happened
Authors: Blum Alexander S. , Lalli Roberto , Renn Jürgen
Published: May 2016

After an initial burst of excitement about its extraordinary implications for our concept of space and time, the theory of general relativity underwent a thirty‐year period of stagnation, during which only a few specialists worked on it, achieving little progress. In the aftermath of World War II, however, general relativity gradually re‐entered the mainstream of physics, attracting an increasing number of practitioners and becoming the basis for the current standard theory of gravitation and cosmology‐a process Clifford Will baptized the Renaissance of General Relativity. The recent detection of gravitational radiation by the LIGO experiment can be seen as one of the most outstanding achievements in this long‐lasting historical process. In the paper, we present a new multifaceted historical perspective on the causes and characteristics of the Renaissance of General Relativity, focusing in particular on the case of gravitational radiation in order to illustrate this complex and far‐reaching process.
Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily
Authors: Yeung Ho , Squire Christopher J. , Yosaatmadja Yuliana , Panjikar Santosh , López Gemma , Molina Antonio , Baker Edward N. , Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: May 2016

Proteins from the GASA/snakin superfamily are common in plant proteomes and have diverse functions, including hormonal crosstalk, development, and defense. One 63‐residue member of this family, snakin‐1, an antimicrobial protein from potatoes, has previously been chemically synthesized in a fully active form. Herein the 1.5 Å structure of snakin‐1, determined by a novel combination of racemic protein crystallization and radiation‐damage‐induced phasing (RIP), is reported. Racemic crystals of snakin‐1 and quasi‐racemic crystals incorporating an unnatural 4‐iodophenylalanine residue were prepared from chemically synthesized d‐ and l‐proteins. Breakage of the C−I bonds in the quasi‐racemic crystals facilitated structure determination by RIP. The crystal structure reveals a unique protein fold with six disulfide crosslinks, presenting a distinct electrostatic surface that may target the protein to microbial cell surfaces.
Salt‐Driven Deposition of Thermoresponsive Polymer‐Coated Metal Nanoparticles on Solid Substrates
Authors: Zhang Zhiyue , Maji Samarendra , da Fonseca Antunes André B. , De Rycke Riet , Hoogenboom Richard , De Geest Bruno G.
Published: May 2016

Here we report on a simple, generally applicable method for depositing metal nanoparticles on a wide variety of solid surfaces under all aqueous conditions. Noble‐metal nanoparticles obtained by citrate reduction followed by coating with thermoresponsive polymers spontaneously form a monolayer‐like structure on a wide variety of substrates in presence of sodium chloride whereas this phenomenon does not occur in salt‐free medium. Interestingly, this phenomenon occurs below the cloud point temperature of the polymers and we hypothesize that salt ion‐induced screening of electrostatic charges on the nanoparticle surface entropically favors hydrophobic association between the polymer‐coated nanoparticles and a hydrophobic substrate.
Hierarchical Proteinosomes for Programmed Release of Multiple Components
Authors: Liu Xiaoman , Zhou Pei , Huang Yudong , Li Mei , Huang Xin , Mann Stephen
Published: May 2016

A facile route to hierarchically organized multicompartmentalized proteinosomes based on a recursive Pickering emulsion procedure using amphiphilic protein–polymer nanoconjugate building blocks is described. The number of incarcerated guest proteinosomes within a single host proteinosome is controlled, and enzymes and genetic polymers encapsulated within targeted subcompartments to produce chemically organized multi‐tiered structures. Three types of spatiotemporal response—retarded concomitant release, synchronous release or hierarchical release of dextran and DNA—are demonstrated based on the sequential response of the host and guest membranes to attack by protease, or through variations in the positioning of disulfide‐containing cross‐links in either the host or guest proteinosomes integrated into the nested architectures. Overall, our studies provide a step towards the construction of hierarchically structured synthetic protocells with chemically and spatially integrated proto‐organelles.
Positioning a Carbon–Fluorine Bond over the π Cloud of an Aromatic Ring: A Different Type of Arene Activation
Authors: Holl Maxwell Gargiulo , Struble Mark D. , Singal Prakhar , Siegler Maxime A. , Lectka Thomas
Published: May 2016

It is known that the fluoro group has only a small effect on the rates of electrophilic aromatic substitutions. Imagine instead a carbon–fluorine (C−F) bond positioned tightly over the π cloud of an aryl ring—such an orthogonal, noncovalent arrangement could instead stabilize a positively charged arene intermediate or transition state, giving rise to novel electrophilic aromatic substitution chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis and study of molecule 1, containing a rigid C−F⋅⋅⋅Ar interaction that plays a prominent role in both its reaction chemistry and spectroscopy. For example, we established that the C−F⋅⋅⋅Ar interaction can bring about a >1500 fold increase in the relative rate of an aromatic nitration reaction, affording functionalization on the activated ring exclusively. Overall, these results establish fluoro as a through‐space directing/activating group that complements the traditional role of fluorine as a slightly deactivating aryl substituent in nitrations.
A Rainbow Structural‐Color Chip for Multisaccharide Recognition
Authors: Qin Meng , Huang Yu , Li Yanan , Su Meng , Chen Bingda , Sun Heng , Yong Peiyi , Ye Changqing , Li Fengyu , Song Yanlin
Published: May 2016

A critical requirement for the successful recognition of multiple analytes is the acquisition of abundant sensing information. However, for this to be achieved requires massive chemical sensors or multiplex materials, which complicates the multianalysis. Thus, there is a need to develop a strategy for the facile and efficient recognition of multiple analytes. Herein, we explore the angle‐dependent structural colors of photonic crystals to provide abundant optical information, thereby generating a rainbow‐color chip to realize the convenient recognition of multiple analytes. By simply using a multiangle analysis method, the monophotonic crystal matrix chip can differentially enhance fluorescence signals over broad spectral ranges, thereby resulting in abundant sensing information for highly efficient multiple analysis. Twelve saccharides with similar structures, as well as saccharides in different concentrations and mixtures, were successfully discriminated.
Influence of processing condition and carbon nanotube on mechanical properties of injection molded multi‐walled carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Navidfar Amir , Azdast Taher , Karimzad Ghavidel Ayub
Published: May 2016

In this work, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pellets were compounded via corotating twin‐screw extruder. The produced MWCNT/PMMA nanocomposite pellets were injection molded. The effect of MWCNT concentration, injection melt temperature and holding pressure on mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. To examine the mechanical properties of the MWCNT/PMMA nanocomposites, tensile test, charpy impact test, and Rockwell hardness are considered as the outputs. Design of experiments (DoE) is done by full factorial method. The morphology of the nanocomposites was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed when MWCNT concentration are increased from 0 to 1.5 wt %, tensile strength and elongation at break were reduced about 30 and 40%, respectively, but a slight increase in hardness was observed. In addition, highest impact strength belongs to the nanocomposite with 1 wt % MWCNT. This study also shows that processing condition significantly influence on mechanical behavior of the injection molded nanocomposite. In maximum holding pressure (100 bar), the nanocomposites show highest tensile strength, elongation, impact strength and hardness. According to findings, melt temperature has a trifle effect on elongation, but it has a remarkable influence on tensile strength. In the case of impact strength, higher melt temperature is favorable. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43738.
Analgesic Effects of 5‐Alkyloxy‐4‐amino‐2(5H)‐furanones as Cholecystokinin‐2 Antagonists
Authors: Lattmann Eric , Sattayasai Jintana , Schwalbe Carl H. , Boonprakob Yodchai , Dunn Simon , Fajana Feyisayo , Lattmann Pornthip
Published: May 2016

4‐Amino‐2(5H)‐furanones were synthesized in high yields over two synthetic steps from readily available mucochloric acid. These 5‐alkyloxy‐4‐amino‐2(5H)‐furanones were screened in a [125]I‐CCK‐8 radioligand receptor binding assay for CCK2 affinity and novel active ligands in the nanomolar range were identified. SAR was optimized leading to the cyclohexyl derivative 25 with an IC50 of 27 nM. Furanone 18 was obtained as a stable crystalline material with an IC50 of 85 nM, but had a higher CCK2 selectivity. It was subsequently tested in the isolated guinea pig ileum assay with sulfated CCK8, and the CCK antagonizing properties of the ligand were confirmed. The CCK2 selective antagonist 18 was found to potentiate analgesia in the tail flick assay in mice, for the strong opiate morphine, the partial opiate agonist tramadol and the tricyclic antidepressant desimipramine.
Intellectual development in Noonan syndrome: a longitudinal study
Authors: Roelofs Renée L. , Janssen Nikki , Wingbermühle Ellen , Kessels Roy P.C. , Egger Jos I.M.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Although cognitive impairments in adults with Noonan syndrome seem to be limited to a low‐average intelligence and slower processing speed, studies in children with Noonan syndrome have demonstrated more extensive cognitive problems. These include deficits in language skills, memory, attention, and executive functioning. This longitudinal study is the first to investigate intellectual development in a group of individuals with Noonan syndrome.

Methods

Sixteen patients with Noonan syndrome underwent intelligence assessment both in childhood and in adulthood, using Wechsler's intelligence scales. IQ scores and Wechsler standard scores achieved in childhood and adulthood were compared. Subsequently, verbal and performance IQ in childhood were used as predictors for adult IQ and index scores.

Results

Compared with childhood scores, adult full‐scale IQ and performance IQ significantly increased. Adult performance IQ was higher than verbal IQ. Childhood performance IQ and verbal IQ together predicted all adult IQ and index scores, except for the processing speed index.

Discussion

Childhood IQ was a significant predictor of adult intelligence in patients with Noonan syndrome. Performance IQ advanced to a normal level in adulthood, while verbal IQ did not develop proportionately, resulting in a discrepancy between adult performance IQ and verbal IQ. This finding could suggest a delay in the development of executive functioning in patients with Noonan syndrome, which seems to be outgrown in adulthood.
The association between vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and stroke: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Tao , Qiu Shi , Wang Peifu , Li Jilai , Li Qin , Du Jichen
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Numerous studies have investigated the relationships between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms and stroke. However, their findings remain controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between VEGF gene polymorphisms and stroke by a meta‐analysis.

Materials and methods

The PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Wanfang Chinese database, and VIP Chinese database were systemically searched. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results

Ten studies were included, including a total of 2331 cases and 1814 controls for +936C>T, 3040 cases and 2649 controls for −1154G>A. Under the dominant and recessive models, respectively, the overall ORs and 95% CIs of +936 T were 1.44, 1.09–1.90, P = 0.01 (1.53, 1.14–2.05, P = 0.005, in Asians) and 1.19, 0.85–1.65, P = 0.31, and the overall ORs and 95% CIs of −1154 A were 0.98, 0.87–1.10, P = 0.75 and 0.95, 0.82–1.11, P = 0.53. No publication bias was found in this meta‐analysis.

Conclusions

The meta‐analysis showed that +936C>T may be a risk factor for stroke, especially in Asians, while −1154G>A was not associated with stroke.
Mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor reduces cell apoptosis via upregulating GRP78 in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Huang Jingwei , Chen Changyan , Gu Hua , Li Chen , Fu Xing , Jiang Ming , Sun Hui , Xu Jun , Fang Jianmin , Jin Lingjing
Published: May 2016

Mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) protects dopaminergic neurons from damage. In this study, we used MTT, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining to investigate the protective effect of MANF in SH‐SY5Y cells treated with 6‐OHDA or overexpressed α‐synuclein. Cleaved caspase‐3 levels significantly increased in cells treated with 6‐OHDA or overexpressed α‐synuclein. 6‐OHDA or α‐synuclein overexpression that induced cleaved caspase‐3 levels to increase was reduced by MANF treatment. In addition, MANF treatment upregulated GRP78 expressions in cells treated with 6‐OHDA or overexpressed α‐synuclein, and RNAi knockdown for GRP78 could block the MANF induced cell survival from 6‐OHDA treatment. Furthermore, GRP78 overexpression inhibited 6‐OHDA‐induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that MANF inhibits apoptosis induced by 6‐OHDA and overexpressed α‐synuclein in SH‐SY5Y cells via upregulating GRP78 in the transcriptional pattern.
Management of guidewire‐induced distal coronary perforation using autologous fat particles versus coil embolization
Authors: Shemisa Kamal , Karatasakis Aris , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: May 2016

Distal coronary perforation is a rare, yet potentially lethal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Early recognition and treatment remains critical in preventing potentially life‐threatening adverse outcomes, such as cardiac tamponade. The most commonly used strategies for treating distal perforation are fat and coil embolization. We present two cases of guidewire‐induced distal coronary perforation and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of coil vs. fat embolization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endovascular closure of thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysms: A combined device occlusion and coil embolization technique in patients unsuitable for surgery or stenting
Authors: Lyen Stephen M. , Rodrigues Jonathan C.L. , Manghat Nathan E. , Hamilton Mark C.K. , Turner Mark
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate non‐stent graft closure of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms at our center over a 10‐year period, and describe a combined device occlusion and coil embolization technique.

Background

Aortic pseudoaneurysms (APAs) are a rare complication post cardiothoracic surgery, but can have fatal complications. There is increasing use of percutaneous interventional techniques for occlusion of aortic pseudoaneurysms in patients who are considered unsuitable for surgery. Stent graft deployment may not be possible depending on the specific anatomy and pathology.

Methods and Results

Retrospective evaluation of the catheter laboratory database was performed at our center and anonymized data was obtained for patients who had nonstent endovascular treatment of APAs. Twelve patients were identified with a mean age of 63 ± 16 years. Seven patients had the combined occlusion and embolization technique, only 1/7 (14.3%) died from complications related to APAs. Five patients had occlusion device only, 3/5 (60%) died of complications related to their APA. The mean survival for the patients who had a combination procedure was 33.2±.22.6 months (range, 1 − 60 months), compared to 2.7 ± 2.6 months with device closure only (note 2 patients had short follow up of <3 months).

Conclusions

We evaluate non‐stent graft percutaneous closure of APAs in a high‐risk patient group and provide data on the use of a novel combined occlusion device and coil embolization technique. We feel this is a viable approach to APA closure in this population but this will require larger clinical studies in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of pre‐hospital electrocardiograms on time to treatment and one year outcome in a rural regional ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction network
Authors: Kahlon Talwinder S. , Barn Kulpreet , Akram Mian Muhammad Ali , Blankenship James C. , Bower‐Stout Cinde , Carey Dave J. , Sun Haiyan , Tompkins Weber Karen , Skelding Kimberly A. , Scott Thomas D. , Green Sandy M. , Berger Peter B.
Published: May 2016

Background

Pre‐hospital electrocardiograms (ECGs) are believed to reduce time to reperfusion in ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients. Little is known of their impact on clinical outcomes in a rural setting. Geisinger regional STEMI network provides percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) care to over a 100‐mile radius in rural central Pennsylvania.

Methods

A retrospective analysis identified 280 consecutive STEMI patients treated with PCI between 1/1/09 and 8/31/11. Comparison between two STEMI groups was performed: 205 patients who were taken by the emergency medical system (EMS) to the nearest hospital (a non‐PCI center), underwent an ECG revealing a STEMI, and were transported immediately to Geisinger Medical Center (GMC) for PCI (transfer group) versus 75 patients in whom a pre‐hospital ECG was obtained and who were transported by EMS directly to Geisinger for PCI, bypassing the nearest hospital that did not perform PCI (the pre‐hospital ECG group).

Results

Analysis of baseline characteristics revealed that the pre‐hospital ECG cohort was older (65 vs. 60 years); had a higher percentage of previous myocardial infarctions (MI) (28% vs. 15%), heart failure (11% vs. 4%), and prior PCI (23% vs. 13%; p < 0.05 all comparisons). Median time from EMS contact to pre‐hospital ECG in the pre‐hospital ECG group was 5 minutes; from pre‐hospital ECG to the GMC ED was 34 minutes. Median time from first medical contact (EMS contact) to reperfusion (device activation) was 79 versus 157 minutes (P < 0.001), respectively in pre‐hospital ECG vs. transfer groups. Mortality in the two groups at 1 year was 4.1% in the pre‐hospital ECG group versus 8.3% in the transfer group (P‐value = 0.34). After adjusting for the difference in age between the two groups, the 62% reduction in 1 year mortality associated with having obtained a pre‐hospital ECG was still not statistically significant (P‐value = 0.19).

Conclusion

In a rural regional STEMI network, pre‐hospital ECGs decreased time from first medical contact to reperfusion by 50% and were associated with an excellent clinical outcome at 1 year. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polar Order and Symmetry Breaking at the Boundary between Bent‐Core and Rodlike Molecular Forms: When 4‐Cyanoresorcinol Meets the Carbosilane End Group
Authors: Westphal Eduard , Gallardo Hugo , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Sebastián Nerea , Tamba Maria‐Gabriela , Eremin Alexey , Kawauchi Susumu , Prehm Marko , Tschierske Carsten
Published: May 2016

Two isomeric achiral bent‐core liquid crystals involving a 4‐cyanoresorcinol core and containing a carbosilane unit as nanosegregating segment were synthesized and were shown to form ferroelectric liquid‐crystalline phases. Inversion of the direction of one of the COO groups in these molecules leads to a distinct distribution of the electrostatic potential along the surface of the molecule and to a strong change of the molecular dipole moments. Thus, a distinct degree of segregation of the carbosilane units and consequent modification of the phase structure and coherence length of polar order result. For the compound with larger dipole moment (CN1) segregation of the carbosilane units is suppressed, and this compound forms paraelectric SmA and SmC phases; polar order is only achieved after transition to a new LC phase, namely, the ferroelectric leaning phase (SmCLsPS) with the unique feature that tilt direction and polar direction coincide. The isomeric compound CN2 with a smaller dipole moment forms separate layers of the carbosilane groups and shows a randomized polar SmA phase (SmAPAR) and ferroelectric polydomain SmCsPS phases with orthogonal combination of tilt and polar direction and much higher polarizations. Thus, surprisingly, the compound with the smaller molecular dipole moment shows increased polar order in the LC phases. Besides ferroelectricity, mirror‐symmetry breaking with formation of a conglomerate of macroscopic chiral domains was observed in one of the SmC phases of CN1. These investigations contribute to the general understanding of the development of polar order and chirality in soft matter.
Incorporation of β‐Silicon‐β3‐Amino Acids in the Antimicrobial Peptide Alamethicin Provides a 20‐Fold Increase in Membrane Permeabilization
Authors: Madsen Julie L. H. , Hjørringgaard Claudia U. , Vad Brian S. , Otzen Daniel , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: May 2016

Incorporation of silicon‐containing amino acids in peptides is known to endow the peptide with desirable properties such as improved proteolytic stability and increased lipophilicity. In the presented study, we demonstrate that incorporation of β‐silicon‐β3‐amino acids into the antimicrobial peptide alamethicin provides the peptide with improved membrane permeabilizing properties. A robust synthetic procedure for the construction of β‐silicon‐β3‐amino acids was developed and the amino acid analogues were incorporated into alamethicin at different positions of the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix by using SPPS. The incorporation was shown to provide up to 20‐fold increase in calcein release as compared with wild‐type alamethicin.
Columnar Liquid‐Crystalline Dibenzopentacenodithiophenes by Photocyclization
Authors: Cabral Marilia G. Belarmino , Pereira de Oliveira Santos Deise M. , Bentaleb Ahmed , Hillard Elizabeth A. , Cristiano Rodrigo , Gallardo Hugo , Durola Fabien , Bock Harald
Published: May 2016

The twofold glyoxylic Perkin reaction of perylene‐3,9‐diglyoxylic acid with thiophene‐diacetic acid followed by oxidative photocylization and reaction with α‐branched primary alkylamines yields columnar liquid‐crystalline diimides with two sulfur atoms in the condensed arene system. A broad temperature range of the hexagonal columnar mesophase is induced by racemic doubly branched alkyl chains. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of these thiophene‐derived diimides qualify them as electron donors with respect to perylene diimides.
Selective Activation of Fluoroalkenes with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Fluoroalkenes and Polyfluoroalkenyl Imidazolium Salts
Authors: Leclerc Matthew C. , Gorelsky Serge I. , Gabidullin Bulat M. , Korobkov Ilia , Baker R. Tom
Published: May 2016

Selective reactions between nucleophilic N,N′‐diaryl‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and electrophilic fluorinated alkenes afford NHC fluoroalkenes in high yields. These stable compounds undergo efficient and selective fluoride abstraction with Lewis acids to give polyfluoroalkenyl imidazolium salts. These salts react at Cβ with pyrrolidine to give ammonium fluoride‐substituted salts, which give rise to conjugated imidazolium‐enamine salts through loss of HF. Alternatively, reaction with 4‐(dimethylamino)‐pyridine provides a Cα‐pyridinium‐substituted NHC fluoroalkene. These compounds were studied using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. Insight into their electronic structure and reactivity was gained through the use of DFT calculations.
Highly Phosphorescent Crystals of Square‐Planar Platinum Complexes with Chiral Organometallic Linkers: Homochiral versus Heterochiral Arrangements, Induced Circular Dichroism, and TD‐DFT Calculations
Authors: Sesolis Hugo , Dubarle‐Offner Julien , Chan Carmen K. M. , Puig Emmanuel , Gontard Geoffrey , Winter Pierre , Cooksy Andrew L. , Yam Vivian W. W. , Amouri Hani
Published: May 2016

A novel class of chiral luminescent square‐planar platinum complexes with a π‐bonded chiral thioquinonoid ligand is described. Remarkably the presence of this chiral organometallic ligand controls the aggregation of this square planar luminophor and imposes a homo‐ or hetero‐chiral arrangement at the supramolecular level, displaying non‐covalent Pt–Pt and π–π interactions. Interestingly these complexes are highly luminescent in the crystalline state and their photophysical properties can be traced to their aggregation in the solid state. A TD‐DFT calculation is obtained to rationalize this unique behavior.
NHC–Copper(I) Halide‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones on Water
Authors: Czerwiński Paweł , Molga Edyta , Cavallo Luigi , Poater Albert , Michalak Michał
Published: May 2016

An efficient and easily scalable NHC–copper(I) halide‐catalyzed addition of terminal alkynes to 1,1,1‐trifluoromethyl ketones, carried out on water for the first time, is reported. A series of addition reactions were performed with as little as 0.1–2.0 mol % of [(NHC)CuX] (X=Cl, Br, I, OAc, OTf) complexes, providing tertiary propargylic trifluoromethyl alcohols in high yields and with excellent chemoselectivity from a broad range of aryl‐ and more challenging alkyl‐substituted trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs). DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the correlation between the yield of catalytic alkynylation and the sterics of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), expressed as buried volume (%VBur), indicating that steric effects dominate the yield of the reaction. Additional DFT calculations shed some light on the differential reactivity of [(NHC)CuX] complexes in the alkynylation of TFMKs. The first enantioselective version of a direct alkynylation in the presence of C1‐symmetric NHC–copper(I) complexes is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: MATRIX ESR SPECTRA OF POLYATOMIC ALKALI METAL CLUSTERS
Authors: THOMPSON G. A. , TISCHLER F. , LINDSAY D. M.
Published: May 2016

Für Na‐ und K‐Cluster in Ne‐ und Ng‐Matrizen (Kodeposition von Na‐ oder K‐Atomen mit Ne oder N 2 auf Sapphir‐Platte) erhaltene ESR‐Spektren werden den Septemer‐Molekülen N37 bzw. K7 zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: TOUGHENING BY MONOCLINIC ZIRCONIA
Authors: RUF H. , EVANS A. G.
Published: May 2016

Durch Inkorporation von monoklinem ZIÖ; (bis zu 20 Vol.‐%) wurde eine Erhöhung der Zähigkeit von ZnO um einen Faktor von ca 3 festgestellt (diesbez.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUM SUBLIMATION AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TIN(II) SELENIDE AND TIN(IV) SELENIDE
Authors: WIEDEMEIER H. , PULTZ G.
Published: May 2016

Die G1eichgewichtsverdampfung der durch Tempern und chemischen Transport (aus den Elementen bzw. SnSe und Se) dargestellten Titelverbindungen wird durch Knudsen‐ Messungen in den TempnBereichen 736‐967 K bzw. 608‐760 Kmittels einer Vakuummikrowaage untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF CHLORO COMPLEX FORMATION IN LOW TEMPERATURE CHLOROALUMINATE MELTS. 2. SILVER(I)
Authors: LAHER T. M. , HUSSEY C. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Koordination von Ag(l) durch C1" in den AlCl3‐RCl‐Schmelzsystemen AlCl3‐N‐Butylpyridiniumchlorid und AlCl3‐ 1‐Methyl‐ 2‐ethylimidazoliumchlorid wurde mittels potentiometrischer Titrationen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A CATION‐EXCHANGE STUDY OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF TRACER CONCENTRATIONS OF POLONIUM(IV)
Authors: SUGANUMA H. , HATAYE I. , TAKASHIMA Y.
Published: May 2016

Zur Bestimmung der durchschnittlichen kationischen Ladung von Po‐Spezies im hydrolytischen Gleichgewicht in Lösungen wurde das Verteilungsverhältnis von Po bei einer konstanten inneren H+‐Konzentration der Kationenaustauscher‐Phase gemessen (Sorption von Po an Bio‐Rad AG 50W‐X8).
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE SORPTION BEHAVIOR OF SOME CATIONS ON COBALT HEXACYANOFERRATE(III) EXCHANGER. BINARY SEPARATIONS OF RUBIDIUM(+) ION AND CESIUM(+) ON COLUMNS
Authors: JAIN A. K. , SINGH R. , BALA C.
Published: May 2016

Die Sorption von Ag‐, Cs‐, Rb‐, Co(II)‐, Zn(II)‐ und Fe(II)‐Ionen bei geringer Konzentration (0.2 mM) in HNO3‐ und NH4NO3‐Lösungen an Co‐hexacyanoferrat(III)‐Austauscher erfolgt nicht allein nach dem Ionenaustauschmechanismus In den Fällen von Rb" und Cs wird bei hohen HNO3‐Konzentrationen ( 5 mol dm") ein sehr niedriger Kd‐Wert beobachtet, wodurch die Möglichkeit ihrer Elution von Säulen gegeben ist.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON OXIDE CATALYSTS. XXXIV. REDOX BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL IN ZEOLITE NINAY. . 1. REDUCIBILITY AND REOXIDIZABILITY OF NICKEL IN ZEOLITES NINAY
Authors: LAUSCH H. , MOERKE W. + , VOGT F. , BREMER H.
Published: May 2016

Chemisch analytische (Reaktion mit KzCrzO7) und spektroskopische Untersuchungen (FMR, IR (nach CO‐Sorption) und UV‐VIS) des metallischen Ni in reduzierten (470‐870 K) und reoxidierten (470, 670 K) NiNaY‐Proben zeigen, daß die Reduktion der NiztKationen in oxidischen Clustern einstufig erfolgt, während isoliert lokalisierte NiztKationen über Ni zum Metall reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON OXIDE CATALYSTS. XXXV. REDOX BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL IN ZEOLITE NINAY. . 2. STUDIES ON THE DISPERSION OF NICKEL AND NICKEL/NICKEL(II) OXIDE PARTICLES IN REDUCED AND REOXIDIZED NINAY SAMPLES
Authors: LAUSCH H. , VOGT F. , BREMER H.
Published: May 2016

Mit steigender Reduktionstemp. (470‐870 K) und zunehmendem Ni‐Austauschgrad (10‐54 Äquiv.‐%) verringert sich die Metalldispersität. Eine Teilchenvergrößerung nach Reoxidation (470 K) und Reduktion (Regeneration) der NiNaY‐Proben ist auf Aggregation der Oxidteilchen und auf das Sintem des Metalls im Reduktionsprozeß zurückzuführen.
ChemInform Abstract: LASER‐INDUCED FLUORESCENCE AND ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS OF NITRIC OXIDE IN AMMONIA/OXYGEN AND METHANE/AIR FLAMES
Authors: CHOU M.‐S. , DEAN A. M. , STERN D.
Published: May 2016

Mit Hinweis auf die Umwelt‐Schädlichkeit von NO (aus Verbrennungsvorgängen) wurde dessen Bildung in (mageren und reichen) NH3/0,/N,‐ und CH4/Luft/02‐Flammen durch Laser‐Diagnostik untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TWIST CONFORMATION OF TETRAHYDROFURAN IN THE CRYSTAL FORM
Authors: LUGER P. , BUSCHMANN J.
Published: May 2016

Die Konformation von Tetrahydrofuran im Kristall wird durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen bei ‐170 und ‐l 25°C (RG C2/c mit Z=4) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR ORBITAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF TRIPLE BONDS BETWEEN TRANSITION‐METAL ATOMS. 2. THE D5‐D5 RE2CL4(PR3)4 COMPOUNDS
Authors: BURSTEN B. E. , COTTON F. A. , FANWICK P. E. , STANLEY G. G. , WALTON R. A.
Published: May 2016

Mittels MO‐Theorie und Elektronenabsorptionsspektroskopie bei tiefen Temp. wird die Valenzelektronenstruktur der Verbindungen mit Re ‐3‐ Re‐ und Re 35 Re‐Bindungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF PARAMAGNETIC ADSORBED MOLECULES ON THERMALLY ACTIVATED MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM OXIDES. FURTHER STUDIES OF CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: MORRIS R. M. , KLABUNDE K. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Adsorption führt zu unterschiedlichsten Species, darunter Rhodizonat (C6O6)2‐ und Croconat (C5O5)2‐.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC RADICAL SUBSTITUTION CHAIN REACTION. PART 11. SUBSTRATES AND NUCLEOPHILES DERIVED FROM FUNCTIONALIZED ALIPHATIC NITROALKANES
Authors: BEUGELMANS R. , LECHEVALLIER A. , ROUSSEAU H.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Chlor‐nitro‐Verbindungen (I), (V) oder (VII) erhält man mit den Anionen (II) Kondensations‐ und Eliminierungs‐ produkte (III) bzw. (IV) oder (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ESTER AMINOLYSIS: NEW REACTION SERIES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF STERIC EFFECTS
Authors: DETAR D. F. , DELAHUNTY C.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelreaktion der Ester (I) mit den Aminen (II) ergibt in den Serien mit variierendem R1 bzw. R2 über die Taft‐Gleichungen Reaktionskonstanten ρ von ca. 1 bzw. 2.3.