bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“No, my name’s not on the lease at all”: an interpretive phenomenological analysis of unstable housing and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs
Authors: McColl Roisin , Higgs Peter , Harney Brendan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Globally, hepatitis C treatment uptake is lower among people who are homeless or unstably housed compared to those who are housed. Understanding and addressing this is essential to ensure no one is left behind in hepatitis C elimination efforts. This study aims to explore peoples’ experiences of unstable housing and health care, and how these experiences influenced engagement in hepatitis C treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

Purposive sampling was used to recruit people with lived experience of injection drug use, hepatitis C and unstable housing in Melbourne, Australia. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted and a case study approach with interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify personal experiential themes and group experiential themes.

Findings

Four people were interviewed. The precarious nature of housing for women who inject drugs was a group experiential theme, however, this did not appear to be a direct barrier to hepatitis C treatment. Rather, competing priorities, including caregiving, were personal experiential themes and these created barriers to treatment. Another group experiential theme was “right place, right time, right people” with these three elements required to facilitate hepatitis C treatment.

Originality/value

There is limited research providing in-depth insight into how personal experiences with unstable housing and health care shape engagement with hepatitis C treatment. The analyses indicate there is a need to move beyond a “one size fits-all” approach to hepatitis C care. Instead, care should be tailored to the needs of individuals and their personal circumstances and regularly facilitated. This includes giving greater attention to gender in intervention design and evaluation, and research more broadly.
Professional identity and knowledge practices of librarians in critical times of information disorders: a conceptual framework
Authors: Yap Joseph Marmol , Barátné Hajdu Ágnes , Kiszl Péter
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The library and information science profession finds itself grappling with substantial difficulties and hurdles when addressing the trustworthiness and accuracy of information disseminated through social media platforms. This study aims to highlight the educational authority of librarians and propose a framework for librarians to establish their identity, understand the meaning behind their practice and integrate their expertise through knowledge practices, ensuring their relevance and effectiveness in the social media environment.

Design/methodology/approach

This study delves into a conceptual framework rooted in philosophical inquiry, seeking to establish a harmonious connection between interrelated concepts of civic roles, professional identity and knowledge practices. It draws upon both original research findings and a review of existing literature in the field.

Findings

Civic responsibilities reflect the professional identities of librarians. Evidence of knowledge practices collected from scientific literature emerged to be the important characterization of how librarians uphold their image as educational authorities. It describes the meaning of civic roles and professional practice.

Practical implications

The study sheds light on how librarians maintain their reputation as educators and the knowledge practices that underpin their civic responsibilities amidst the pervasiveness of information disorders.

Originality/value

The framework presented in the study offers a timely and relevant contribution to the complex realm of social media information disorders, a challenge that librarians grapple with regularly. It highlights the emerging role of librarians in society to assert their identity and recognize their civic responsibility in addressing this pressing issue that society faces.
How do people search for knowledge? Ask-directed searching and browsing strategies in professional virtual communities
Authors: Lai Hui-Min , Hung Shin-Yuan , Yen David C.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Seekers who visit professional virtual communities (PVCs) are usually motivated by knowledge-seeking, which is a complex cognitive process. How do seekers search for knowledge, and how is their search linked to prior knowledge or PVC situation factors? From the cognitive process and interactional psychology perspectives, this study investigated the three-way interactions between seekers’ expertise, task complexity, and perceptions of PVC features (i.e. knowledge quality and system quality) on knowledge-seeking strategies and resultant outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A field experiment was conducted with 119 seekers in a PVC using a 2 × 2 factorial design of seekers’ expertise (i.e. expert versus novice) and task complexity (i.e. low versus high).

Findings

The study reveals three significant insights: (1) For a high-complexity task, experts adopt an ask-directed searching strategy compared to novices, whereas novices adopt a browsing strategy; (2) For a high-complexity task, experts who perceive a high system quality are more likely than novices to adopt an ask-directed searching strategy; and (3) Task completion time and task quality are associated with the adoption of ask-directed searching strategies, whereas knowledge seekers’ satisfaction is more associated with the adoption of browsing strategy.

Originality/value

We draw on the perspectives of cognitive process and interactional psychology to explore potential two- and three-way interactions of seekers’ expertise, task complexity, and PVC features on the adoption of knowledge-seeking strategies in a PVC context. Our findings provide deep insights into seekers’ behavior in a PVC, given the popularity of the search for knowledge in PVCs.
Stock splits and reverse splits in the Brazilian capital market
Authors: Almeida Daniel Werner Lima Souza de , Pimenta Júnior Tabajara , Gaio Luiz Eduardo , Lima Fabiano Guasti
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the presence of abnormal returns due to stock splits or reverse stock splits in the Brazilian capital market context.

Design/methodology/approach

The event study technique was used on data from 518 events that occurred in a 30-year period (1987–2016), comprising 167 stock splits and 351 reverse stock splits.

Findings

The results revealed the occurrence of abnormal returns around the time the shares began trading stock splits or reverse stock splits at a statistical significance level of 5%. The main conclusion is that stock split and reverse stock split operations represent opportunities for extraordinary gains and may serve as a reference for investment strategies in the Brazilian stock market.

Originality/value

This study innovates by including reverse stock splits, as the existing literature focuses on stock splits, and by testing two distinct “zero” dates that of the ordinary general meeting that approved the share alteration and the “ex” date of the alteration, when the shares were effectively traded, reverse split or split.
Dashed hopes or delayed met expectations? Skilled migrant women’s qualification-matched employment
Authors: Tharenou Phyllis
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Skilled migrant (SM) women play a key role in developed countries especially in healthcare and education in easing staffing shortages and migrate expecting to gain qualification-matched employment (QME). The aim of this review is to assess whether SM women gain the anticipated QME, equitably compared to their skilled counterparts and to examine why and how they do so.

Design/methodology/approach

I conducted a systematic literature review to derive empirical studies to assess if, why and how SM women achieve QME (1) using SM women-only samples and comparative samples including SM women, and (2) examining whether they gain QME directly on or soon after migration or indirectly over time through undertaking alternative, contingent paths.

Findings

Only a minority of SM women achieve the anticipated QME directly soon after migration and less often than their skilled counterparts. Explaining the mechanism for achieving QME, other women, especially due to having young families, indirectly undertake alternative, lower-level contingent paths enabling them to ascend later to QME.

Originality/value

The SM literature gains new knowledge from revealing how SM women can gain positions post-migration comparable to their pre-migration qualifications through undertaking the alternative, contingent paths of steppingstone jobs and academic study, especially as part of agreed familial strategies. This review results in a theoretical mechanism (mediation by a developmental contingency path) to provide an alternative mechanism by which SM women achieve QME.
US technological statecraft towards China
Authors: Deligöz Halil
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to define a “technological statecraft” concept to distinguish tech-based measures/sanctions from an array of economic measures ranging from restrictions of rare earth elements and natural gas supplies to asset freezes under the wider portfolio of economic statecraft. This concept is practically intended to reveal the USA’s “logic of choice” in its employment of technology as an efficient instrument to deal with China in the context of the great power rivalry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study follows David A. Baldwin’s statecraft definition and conceptualization methodology, which relies on “means” rather than “ends.” In addition to Baldwin and as an incremental contribution to his economic statecraft analysis, this study also combines national political economy with statecraft analysis with a particular focus on the utilization of technological measures against China during the Trump administration.

Findings

The US rationale for choosing technology, namely, emerging and foundational technologies, in its rivalry against China is caused at least by two factors: the nature of the external challenge and the characteristics of the US innovation model based largely on radical innovations. To deal with China, the USA practically distinguished the role of advanced technology and followed a grammer of technological statecraft as depicted in the promulgated legal texts during the Trump administration.

Originality/value

Despite a growing volume of literature on economic statecraft and technological competition, studies focusing on countries’ “logic of choice” with regard to why and under what conditions they choose financial, technological or commodity-based sanctions/measures/controls are lacking. Inspired from Baldwin’s account on the “logic of choice” from among alternative statecrafts (i.e. diplomacy, military, economic statecraft, and propaganda). This study will contribute to the literature with a clear lens to demonstrate the “logic of choice” from among a variety of economic statecraft measures in the case of the US technological statecraft toward China.
Towards equitable leadership development: active ingredients of a culturally responsive program for Black community leaders
Authors: Fix Rebecca L. , Cooper Lisa A.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The current study evaluated (1) characteristics of the community leadership development program associated with successful participant recruitment, (2) active ingredients that promoted fellow engagement and program completion and (3) how the program addressed blackness and racism.

Design/methodology/approach

Individual interviews were conducted with a representative subset of former program fellows.

Findings

Results indicated that offering training in small cohorts and matching fellows with individual mentors promoted program interest. Program strengths and unique ingredients included that the program was primarily led by people from the Black community, program malleability, and that the program was a partnership between fellows and leadership. Additionally, the program was responsive to fellows’ needs such as by adding a self-care component. Fellows also noted dedicated space and time to discuss race and racism. Results offer a unique theoretical perspective to guide leadership development away from the uniform or standardized approach and toward one that fosters diversity and equity in leadership.

Originality/value

Altogether, this work demonstrates how leadership development programs can be participant-informed and adapted to participants’ social and cultural needs.
Impact of the variability of material constitutive models on the thermal response of reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Karaki Ghada , Hawileh Rami A. , Naser M.Z.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study examines the effect of temperature-dependent material models for normal-strength (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC) on the thermal analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) walls.

Design/methodology/approach

The study performs an one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of variables defining the constitutive and parametric fire models on the wall's thermal response. Moreover, it extends the sensitivity analysis to a variance-based analysis to assess the effect of constitutive model type, fire model type and constitutive model uncertainty on the RC wall's thermal response variance. The study determines the wall’s thermal behaviour reliability considering the different constitutive models and their uncertainty.

Findings

It is found that the impact of the variability in concrete’s conductivity is determined by its temperature-dependent model, which differs for NSC and HSC. Therefore, more testing and improving material modelling are needed. Furthermore, the heating rate of the fire scenario is the dominant factor in deciding fire-resistance performance because it is a causal factor for spalling in HSC walls. And finally the reliability of wall's performance decreased sharply for HSC walls due to the expected spalling of the concrete and loss of cross-section integrity.

Originality/value

Limited studies in the current open literature quantified the impact of constitutive models on the behaviour of RC walls. No studies have examined the effect of material models' uncertainty on wall’s response reliability under fire. Furthermore, the study's results contribute to the ongoing attempts to shape performance-based structural fire engineering.
The effect of supervisors making after-hours work requests on employees’ job stress: the cross-level contextual effect of social support
Authors: Kao Jui-Chung , Ma Hsiang-Yu , Rui-Hsin Kao , Cho Cheng-Chung
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The rise of communication software has changed our work style. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore the effect of supervisors making after-hours work requests using communication software (SWRUCS) on employees’ job stress, quality of life and (2) to examine the moderating effect of personality traits and the cross-level contextual effect of social support.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain information from 357 employees.

Findings

The results suggested that SWRUCS exacerbated job stress, which negatively impacted on quality of life and well-being. Moreover, different personality traits can either increase or decrease the positive or negative effect of SWRUCS on job stress. This study also revealed that social support can reduce employees’ job stress in a cross-level fashion. Furthermore, social support, especially organizational and supervisory support, can decrease the negative effect of job stress on employees’ quality of life and well-being.

Originality/value

Theoretically, this study has broadened the research scope of the organizational application of communication software, and practically, this study has demonstrated the reason why organizations should provide social support and select employees with suitable personality traits.
Do Investors Undervalue Female Directors Due to Gender Role Stereotypes? Evidence from the United States
Authors: Ranjeeni Kumari , Naidu Dharmendra
Published: April 2024

We show that female directors are associated with higher equity undervaluation after controlling for the effects of female managers, firm performance, corporate governance, risk, dispersion in analysts’ earnings forecasts, firm size, stock price informativeness, and earnings quality. This association is less pronounced after increased societal awareness of female directors. Our findings are robust to the use of alternative measures of key variables and various tests of endogeneity. We further find that female directors’ committee membership, committee chair role, board tenure, and board experience are positively associated with equity undervaluation. Additional results show that female directors’ age and ethnicity also impact equity undervaluation, and the undervaluation of female directors mostly occurs for firms operating in male‐dominated industries. Our results collectively suggest that investors’ negative gender role stereotyping of female directors contributes to equity undervaluation of firms with female directors. Negative stereotyping of female directors is less pronounced after investors become more aware of the benefits of female directors. Therefore, our findings provide insights for policy makers and suggests that further increased awareness of the benefits of female directors is essential. Policy makers may also consider taking appropriate actions to further minimize gender stereotyping of female directors.
How aphids fly: Take‐off, free flight and implications for short and long distance migration
Authors: Bell James R. , Shephard Graham
Published: April 2024

An introduction to high‐speed photography and its entomological impact is provided, emphasizing the importance of high frame rates and high resolution.

The take‐off and free flight of Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Myzus persicae were studied in still air using high‐speed photography in HD.

The wing tip and body posture were tracked to show how they are displaced during each wingbeat cycle. The important structural elements of the wing are described.

The wingbeat is driven by a reinforced leading edge, the pterostigma and costa. The remainder of the coupled fore‐ and hindwing acts as a single aerofoil that deforms during flight, due to sparse venation and a lack of cross veins.

During flight, aphids use a ‘near clap and fling’ mechanism with a body pitch close to 90°. Rapid acceleration about the thoracic lateral axis into wing reversal generates enough lift for take‐off, typically within the first or second wingbeat.

Unique footage shows that aphids demonstrate a high degree of flight control and manoeuvrability in the lab, occasionally using forward and inverted flight, two flight modes that are otherwise poorly known.

While research into the impact of turbulent convection is needed, we posit that the strength of atmospheric forces presents a formidable challenge to aphid migrants. Above the flight boundary layer, migrating aphids may not easily oppose upwardly moving air, although if used, ‘frozen flight’ may cause them to descend on average.

We evaluate five devices for insect flight research.
A practical guide for the use of apalutamide for non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer in Australia
Authors: Marx Gavin , Chowdhury Simon , Krieger Laurence , Hovey Elizabeth , Shapiro Jeremy , Tran Ben , Tan Thean Hsiang , Ng Siobhan , Woo Henry H.
Published: April 2024

Studies of patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer at high risk of developing overt metastases but with no current evidence of evaluable disease on computed tomography or bone scan non‐metastatic castrate‐resistant prostrate cancer have demonstrated increased metastasis‐free survival and overall survival following treatment with the next‐generation oral anti‐androgen apalutamide (in addition to therapies that aim to lower testosterone to castrate levels) or luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist or surgical castration. Patients receiving apalutamide can be managed by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, or urologists, preferably as part of a multidisciplinary team. However, the importance of additional safety monitoring for significant adverse effects and drug interactions should not be underestimated. The toxicities of apalutamide are manageable with experience and should be managed proactively to minimize their impact on patients. Monitoring of patients for apalutamide‐specific toxicities, including skin rash, hypothyroidism, and QT prolongation should be carried out regularly, particularly in the first few months following initiation. Monitoring should continue alongside monitoring for toxicities of androgen deprivation, including cardiovascular risk, hot flashes, weight gain, bone health, muscle wasting, and diabetic risk. This review is a practical guide to the use of apalutamide describing the management of patients including dosing and administration, toxicities, potential drug interactions, and safety monitoring requirements.
Paternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse health outcomes: A nationwide cohort study on 13,547 exposed children
Authors: Garvik Olav Sivertsen , Jølving Line Riis , Lund Ken , Friedman Sonia , Nørgård Bente Mertz
Published: April 2024

Background

The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has increased over time. Several studies indicate that paternal use of medication may adversely affect the developing fetus. Only a few studies have investigated the association between preconceptional paternal exposure to SSRIs and the risks of adverse health outcomes in children.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess adverse birth outcomes and adverse early life events in children fathered by men using SSRIs prior to conception.

Materials and methods

All live‐born singleton children born in Denmark from 1997 until 2019 and their parents were included. The exposed cohort comprised all children fathered by men using SSRIs 3 months prior to conception and the unexposed cohort comprised all other children. We estimated the odds ratios for adverse birth outcomes: small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, low Apgar score, and major congenital malformations. Furthermore, we estimated the hazard ratios for adverse early life events of infections and hospitalizations within 1 year from birth. We also examined adverse birth outcomes and the adverse early life events according to SSRI subgroups.

Results

There was a statistically significantly increased odds ratio 1.15 (confidence interval, CI: 1.06–1.23) for preterm birth. No significant results were found for SGA, low Apgar score, and major congenital malformations. The adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalizations and infections were 1.06 (CI: 1.02–1.11) and 1.02 (CI: 0.97–1.07), respectively. There was a statistically significantly increased odds ratio for preterm birth with respect to the SSRI subgroups citalopram and escitalopram, and for hospitalizations with respect to citalopram.

Discussion and conclusion

Although the risks of certain adverse birth and adverse early life outcomes were statistically significantly increased, the ratios were small and may have limited clinical importance. Paternal use of SSRI was in general safe in the preconceptual period.
Vitamin D3 among neonates born after in vitro fertilization compared with neonates from the general population
Authors: Walker Karen Christina , Pristed Sofie Gry , Thorsteinsdottir Fanney , Specht Ina Olmer , Cohen Arieh , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sufficient levels of vitamin D have been associated with higher chances for both clinical pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques, whereas low levels of maternal vitamin D have been associated with preeclampsia and late miscarriage. In Denmark, subgroups at risk for low vitamin D levels, including neonates and toddlers, are recommended to use supplementation. The aim was to study the level of vitamin D3 among neonates born after in vitro fertilization compared with neonates from the general population.

Material and methods

In this cohort study a random sample of 1326 neonates representing the general population and 1200 neonates conceived by in vitro fertilization born in Denmark from 1995 to 2002 were identified from registries covering the whole Danish population. Information on use of assisted reproduction was collected from the Danish In Vitro Fertilization register, ICD‐10 code: DZ358F. 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D was measured from dried blood spots routinely collected by heel prick 48–72 h after birth and corrected according to the hematocrit fraction for capillary blood of neonates. Linear regression analysis was performed, both crude and adjusted, for predefined putative confounders, identified through directed acyclic graphs.

Results

Vitamin D3 analysis could be performed from a total of 1105 neonates from the general population and 1072 neonates conceived by in vitro fertilization that were subsequently included in the study. The median vitamin D3 was 24.0 nmol/L (interquartile range [IQR] 14.1–39.3) and 33.0 nmol/L (IQR 21.3–48.8) among neonates from the general population and neonates conceived by in vitro fertilization, respectively. The adjusted mean difference between neonates from the general population and those conceived by in vitro fertilization was 6.1 nmol/L (95% confidence interval 4.1–8.1).

Conclusions

In this study, children born after in vitro fertilization have a higher vitamin D3 than a random sample of neonates in Denmark.
Phenomenology and empowerment in self‐testing apps
Authors: Kapeller Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Although self‐testing apps, a form of mobile health (mHealth) apps, are often marketed as empowering, it is not obvious how exactly they can empower their users—and in which sense of the word. In this article, I discuss two conceptualisations of empowerment as polar opposites—one in health promotion/mHealth and one in feminist theory—and demonstrate how both their applications to individually used self‐testing apps run into problems. The first, prevalent in health promotion and mHealth, focuses on internal states and understands empowerment as an individual process. However, this version of empowerment has been accused of paternalism and responsibilisation. The second, feminist version considers structural conditions and foregrounds collective, political change, whose realisation is not obviously attainable for an individually used app. By pointing out the flaws of the positions that focus on either internal states or external conditions, and by engaging with theory from critical phenomenology, I argue that the interplay between them is where empowerment can take place. I propose to formulate empowerment in phenomenological terms as a shift in being‐in‐the‐world and discuss how this conceptualisation of empowerment would avoid the criticism of previous empowerment narratives while being realisable by self‐testing apps.
Efficacy of ruxolitinib in the treatment of relapsed/refractory large granular lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Marchand Tony , Pastoret Cédric , Damaj Gandhi , Lebouvier Angélique , Herbaux Charles , Moignet Aline , Pavlosky Miguel , Pavlosky Astrid , Blouet Anaise , Eloit Martin , Launay Vincent , Lebreton Pierre , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Nilsson Christer , Ochmann Marlène , Prola Juliette , Lamy Thierry
Published: April 2024

Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukaemia is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by an expansion of cytotoxic T or NK cells. Despite a usually indolent evolution, most patients will require a treatment over the course of the disease because of cytopenia or symptomatic associated autoimmune disorders. First‐line treatment is based on immunosuppressive agents, namely cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and ciclosporin. However, relapses are frequent, and there is no consensus on the management of relapsed/refractory patients. The implication of the JAK/STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of this disease has prompted our group to propose treatment with ruxolitinib. A series of 21 patients who received this regimen is reported here. Ten patients (47.6%) were refractory to the three main immunosuppressive drugs at the time of ruxolitinib initiation. Ruxolitinib yielded an overall response rate of 86% (n = 18/21), including 3 complete responses and 15 partial responses. With a median follow‐up of 9 months, the median response duration was 4 months. One‐year event‐free survival and 1‐year overall survival were 57% and 83% respectively. Mild side effects were observed. Biological parameters, notably neutropenia and anaemia, improved significantly, and complete molecular responses were evidenced. This study supports ruxolitinib as a valid option for the treatment of relapsed/refractory LGL leukaemia.
Enhancing the SUSTAINable uptake of evidence to minimise harms from alcohol and other drugs in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Farnbach Sara , Foley Catherine , Gates Peter , Seccull Alison , Henderson Alexandra , Zocco Andrea , Farrell Michael , Shakeshaft Anthony
Published: April 2024

Although alcohol and other drug use is increasingly the focus of policy and research efforts, there are challenges identifying and applying evidence‐based strategies to minimise harms for alcohol and other drugs in health care and community settings. These challenges include limited available research, variability across settings, and lack of ‘fit’ between research evidence and their intended settings. In this commentary, we describe a novel approach to develop and evaluate tailored, sustainable strategies to enhance the uptake of evidence‐based activities into health services and community settings. Our approach involves four key principles: (i) identifying evidence‐based alcohol and other drug harm minimisation strategies; (ii) partnering with local experts to identify and tailor strategies; (iii) implementing strategies into existing practice/infrastructure to build in sustainability; and (iv) using sustainable co‐designed outcome measures including value‐based health‐care principles to measure uptake, feasibility and acceptability, health outcomes and economic implications. We propose that this approach offers a way forward to enhance the relevance and suitability of research in health services and community settings and has potential to be applied in other sectors.
Alcohol screening in 22 Australian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations: Clinical context and who is screened
Authors: Weatherall Teagan J. , Conigrave James H. , Lee K. S. Kylie , Vnuk Julia , Ivers Rowena , Hayman Noel , Wilson Scott , Gray Dennis , Conigrave Katherine M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Alcohol screening among Indigenous Australians is important to identify individuals needing support to reduce their drinking. Understanding clinical contexts in which clients are screened, and which clients are more or less likely to be screened, could help identify areas of services and communities that might benefit from increased screening.

Methods

We analysed routinely collected data from 22 Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations Australia‐wide. Data collected between February 2016 and February 2021 were analysed using R, and aggregated to describe screening activity per client, within 2‐monthly extraction periods. Descriptive analyses were performed to identify contexts in which clients received an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption (AUDIT‐C) screen. Multi‐level logistic regression determined demographic factors associated with receiving an AUDIT‐C screen. Three models are presented to examine if screening was predicted by: (i) age; (ii) age and gender; (iii) age, gender and service remoteness.

Results

We observed 83,931 occasions where AUDIT‐C was performed at least once during a 2‐monthly extraction period. Most common contexts were adult health check (55.0%), followed by pre‐consult examination (18.4%) and standalone item (9.9%). For every 10 years' increase in client age, odds of being screened with AUDIT‐C slightly decreased (odds ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98, 0.99). Women were less likely to be screened with AUDIT‐C (odds ratio 0.95; 95% CI 0.93, 0.96) than men.

Discussion and Conclusions

This study identified areas where alcohol screening can be increased (e.g., among women). Increasing AUDIT‐C screening across entire communities could help reduce or prevent alcohol‐related harms. Future Indigenous‐led research could help identify strategies to increase screening rates.
Pharmacological and neurosurgical management of cerebral palsy and dystonia: Clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Fehlings Darcy , Agnew Brenda , Gimeno Hortensia , Harvey Adrienne , Himmelmann Kate , Lin Jean‐Pierre , Mink Jonathan W. , Monbaliu Elegast , Rice James , Bohn Emma , Falck‐Ytter Yngve
Published: April 2024

Dystonia, typically characterized by slow repetitive involuntary movements, stiff abnormal postures, and hypertonia, is common among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Dystonia can interfere with activities and have considerable impact on motor function, pain/comfort, and ease of caregiving. Although pharmacological and neurosurgical approaches are used clinically in individuals with CP and dystonia that is causing interference, evidence to support these options is limited. This clinical practice guideline update comprises 10 evidence‐based recommendations on the use of pharmacological and neurosurgical interventions for individuals with CP and dystonia causing interference, developed by an international expert panel following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. The recommendations are intended to help inform clinicians in their use of these management options for individuals with CP and dystonia, and to guide a shared decision‐making process in selecting a management approach that is aligned with the individual's and the family's values and preferences.
Settler aesthetics—Theorizing and contesting settler colonialism through art practice
Authors: Malot J. Zoe
Published: April 2024

The growing scholarship on settler colonialism largely understudies aesthetics. Settler colonial logics work not only through the elimination, dispossession, and criminalization of Indigenous populations but also through the erasure of Indigenous narratives and aesthetics. Aesthetics communicate a particular system of knowledge and power that can either refute or perpetuate settler colonial projects. I use the term “settler aesthetics” to foreground an understanding of aesthetics as dynamic socio‐spatial practices through which state and non‐state actors assert power, construct particular visions of a city, and shape conditions of belonging. Settler aesthetics demonstrate how the logic of elimination and the work of settler memory reproduces and is reproduced through various visual modalities. I argue that as geographers, we must examine both contemporary settler colonial projects that continue codifying cities as purely settler spaces without Indigenous presence and resistance, and spaces that insist on Black, Latinx, and Indigenous presence and livingness. This paper therefore explores how scholarship on decolonizing and anti‐colonial art practice and theory can inform emerging scholarship on settler colonial urbanism that centers perspectives and practices of Black and Indigenous presence and resistance.
Impact of various aging treatments on the microhardness and surface roughness of CAD‐CAM monolithic restorative materials
Authors: Deste Gökay Gonca , Oyar Perihan , Durkan Rukiye
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Dental ceramics deteriorate as a result of thermal aging and exposure to acidic solutions, which change their microhardness and surface roughness. This study assessed the resistance of several computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) restorative dental materials in terms of surface roughness and microhardness following exposure to acidic solutions and thermal aging.

Materials and Methods

Five different monolithic CAD‐CAM restorative materials, two leucite‐reinforced glass ceramics (G‐Ceram and CEREC Blocs), a zirconia‐infiltrated lithium silicate (Celtra Duo), a resin nanoceramic (Grandio), and monolithic zirconia (inCoris TZI), were used to create 2‐mm‐thick rectangular specimens (n = 100). After being immersed in either acidic saliva (pH = 4.0) (ST) or gastric juice (pH = 1.2) (GT), each material was subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermal aging. The Vickers microhardness and average surface roughness of the specimens were assessed at baseline, following thermal aging and exposure to either gastric juice or acidic saliva. The surface properties were examined using an atomic force microscope. The Mann‒Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for statistical analysis (a = 0.05).

Results

The surface roughness of two leucite‐reinforced glass ceramics (G‐ceram and CEREC) significantly decreased with ST (p = 0.027 and p = 0.044). Only the CEREC was affected when the aging protocols were compared, and the ST group had a significant reduction in roughness (p = 0.009). The microhardness values significantly decreased after both aging protocols in all groups except for the ST subgroup of G‐Ceram. Only inCoris was affected when the aging protocols were compared, and the GT group exhibited a significant reduction in microhardness (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The surface roughness of the tested materials was not affected by the GT. Only leucite ceramics exhibited a decrease in surface roughness in the ST stage. Both aging processes produced a significant decrease in the microhardness of the tested ceramics. Leucite‐reinforced glass‐ceramic materials may be advantageous for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and those with a diet high in acidic foods due to their lower values for changes in microhardness and surface roughness compared to those of other CAD‐CAM materials.
Playing the political game of innovation: An integrative framework and future research directions
Authors: Schweitzer Fiona , Röth Tobias , Birkinshaw Julian , Barczak Gloria
Published: April 2024

Innovation politics impact the development and introduction of innovations, yet knowledge about the influence of specific political behavior or behavioral patterns remains blurred. Based on a literature review and the articles in this Special Issue, we propose a three‐part framework that identifies the building blocks of political behavior in innovation: what motivates actors to be political, the different types of political actors, and the effect of various political behaviors on innovation outcomes. Emphasizing the evolving landscape of innovation politics, the framework aims to highlight research gaps and guide future studies toward improving our understanding of the functional and dysfunctional aspects of innovation politics.
Are we speaking the same language? Exploring the impact of translation on discourse analysis in health professions education
Authors: Schumann Marwa
Published: April 2024

Schumann outlines the impact of translation on research credibility, emphasising the need for transparency and reflexivity in translation methods to ensure the integrity and nuance of research findings.
Climate change may alter the signal of plant facilitation in Mediterranean drylands
Authors: Verdú Miguel , Bochet Esther , Espigares Tíscar , Margalef‐Marrasé Jordi , Manuel Nicolau José , Yue Yu , Azorin‐Molina César , Garcia‐Fayos Patricio
Published: April 2024

Facilitation is an ecological interaction that has allowed plant lineages to survive past climate aridification. This same interaction can be expected to buffer the effects of current climate change, which is tending to become more arid in the Mediterranean basin. However, facilitation may wane when stress conditions are extreme. Here we argue that the erosion of the facilitation signal between Quercus ilex and its nurses detected by García‐Fayos et al. (2020) along 50 years in the eastern Iberian Peninsula may have been due to the reversion of facilitation to competition imposed by an increasingly arid climate. To support this speculation, we reconstructed the climatic niche of Q. ilex and its nurses as well as the local climate change occurring in the populations studied. We found that the decreasing trend in precipitation is pushing Q. ilex out of its climatic optimum in the stressful (semi‐arid) but not in the mild (sub‐humid) habitats. These results suggest that facilitation will be unable to mitigate the effects of climate change, especially those related to aridification. However, other scenarios linking climatic change with herbivory and rural abandonment should be considered to fully understand the past, present and future of facilitation interactions. Reconstructing past interactions can serve as an early warning signal about the future of populations in the face of climate change.
Motivations for volunteers to participate in ecological restoration: a systematic map
Authors: Alamenciak Tim , Murphy Stephen D.
Published: April 2024

Volunteering is a central means by which communities become engaged in ecological restoration projects and understanding what motivates volunteers is a core preoccupation of researchers because it may help recruit more people. This study addresses the question: what are the motivations and barriers to participation in ecological restoration projects? The systematic literature map method was used to answer this question. The results revealed a typology of motivations that consists of 15 categories. A co‐occurrence network analysis of those categories revealed five core motivations that co‐occur most in the literature: having a positive environmental impact, acquiring and sharing knowledge, caring for the environment, social interactions and community, and human health and well‐being. Barriers to volunteering and the demographics of volunteers were also mapped in the literature, as they appeared frequently alongside motivations. The five core motivations represent a set of widely studied and well‐understood motivations which can inform the design of volunteer programs. The literature indexed by the systematic map can form the basis of further systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. This study highlights three major areas for future research: extrinsic motivations, demographics of volunteers who participate in ecological restoration, and project organization as a motivation.
Attitudes toward fraudulent behavior and the decision to file first‐party and third‐party bodily injury auto insurance claims
Authors: Kerr Dana A.
Published: April 2024

This research explores the presence of ex post moral hazard in auto insurance claim filing decisions by determining the relationship between attitudes toward fraudulent behavior and the decisions by those injured in auto accidents to file bodily injury auto insurance claims. Of particular interest is the effect of these attitudes on the propensity to file first‐party bodily injury auto insurance claims, which has not been specifically identified in earlier studies. A multinomial logistic regression model is used to take advantage of survey data that directly capture the first‐ and third‐party auto insurance claim filing decisions for bodily injuries suffered in auto accidents across the United States between 1995 and 1998. The results indicate that, in addition to third‐party claims, ex post moral hazard is present in first‐party bodily injury auto insurance claim filing decisions as well despite possible differences in the incentives to commit first‐party and third‐party insurance fraud.
Difficult past, cultural trauma and national identity: The commemorations of the Armenian Genocide in Istanbul
Authors: Salomoni Fabio
Published: April 2024

In Turkey, for at least three decades, a plurality of actors has been producing counter narratives of the Armenian Genocide. These have challenged the official discourse, revealing the old taboo that underpinned the national republican identity and reconceiving it as a contested history that interrogates the country's democratic status. Here, it is argued that this recent history of counter narratives has constituted a trauma process aimed at transforming public memory and national identity. In particular, various commemoration ceremonies were held in Istanbul between 2005 and 2023, with counter ceremonies and a revised official narrative expressed through ceremony that was developed in response. Given that these commemorations occupy a marginal space in the literature on the Armenian question and the Genocide, the first aim of this article is to reconstruct them through the perspective of cultural performance. Then, it is argued that the commemorations not only have an opaque status in the cultural trauma literature but also contribute to the trauma process through their creation of specific trauma narratives of the Genocide. Finally, the paper uses the example of commemorative performances in Istanbul to contribute to the debate on the reasons for the success or failure of a trauma process. Methodologically, an analysis of journal archives and materials produced by carrier groups is extended by ten in‐depth interviews and notes taken during participant observation in Istanbul between 2010 and 2022.
A two‐step estimation procedure for semiparametric mixture cure models
Authors: Musta Eni , Patilea Valentin , Van Keilegom Ingrid
Published: April 2024

In survival analysis, cure models have been developed to account for the presence of cured subjects that will never experience the event of interest. Mixture cure models with a parametric model for the incidence and a semiparametric model for the survival of the susceptibles are particularly common in practice. Because of the latent cure status, maximum likelihood estimation is performed via the iterative EM algorithm. Here, we focus on the cure probabilities and propose a two‐step procedure to improve upon the maximum likelihood estimator when the sample size is not large. The new method is based on presmoothing by first constructing a nonparametric estimator and then projecting it on the desired parametric class. We investigate the theoretical properties of the resulting estimator and show through an extensive simulation study for the logistic‐Cox model that it outperforms the existing method. Practical use of the method is illustrated through two melanoma datasets.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr films with different orientations before and after plasma nitriding
Authors: Zhang Jianting , Li Dejun , Guo Yuanyuan , Shang Deli , Liu Shuqi , Kang Lei , Zhang Lin , Yang Yongjie , Wang Xinggang , Xin Ning
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the Cr films with preferred orientation evolution from (110) to (200) were deposited on the surface of austenitic stainless steel. These films were driven by a pulsed bias with different duty cycles from 20% to 80%, followed by a postnitriding process for 1 h using a hot wire plasma-enhanced magnetron sputtering system. XRD result showed Cr film had a body-centered cubic lattice structure, and the orientation transformed from (110) to (200) with the increase in the duty cycle. SEM and EDS measurements revealed that Cr film structured with columnar crystals could contribute to the continuous diffusion of nitrogen into austenite lattice. N atoms tended to diffuse along the (200) orientation of Cr films than the close-packed (110) orientation. As a result, the best wear resistance and adhesion strength were obtained when Cr film deposited at 80% duty cycle was nitrided, and the wear volume decreased by 95.7% compared with that before nitriding.