bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Under What Conditions) Do Politicians Reward Their Supporters? Evidence from Kenya’s Constituencies Development Fund
Authors: HARRIS J. ANDREW , POSNER DANIEL N.
Published: December 2018

We leverage innovative spatial modeling techniques and data on the precise geo-locations of more than 32,000 Constituency Development Fund (CDF) projects in Kenya to test whether Members of Parliament (MPs) reward their supporters. We find only weak evidence that MPs channel projects disproportionately to areas inhabited by their political allies, once we control for other factors that affect where projects are placed, such as population density, poverty rates, ethnic demographics, and distance to paved roads. Notwithstanding this result, we find evidence for cross-constituency variation in political targeting, driven in large part by the spatial segregation of the MP’s supporters and opponents. Our findings challenge the conventional wisdom about the centrality of clientelistic transfers in Africa and underscore how local conditions generate particular incentives and opportunities for the strategic allocation of political goods. We also highlight the benefits and challenges of analyzing allocations at the project level rather than aggregated to the administrative unit.
Meat intake in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormone levels among young men in Spain
Authors: Maldonado-Cárceles Ana B. , Mínguez-Alarcón Lidia , Mendiola Jaime , Vioque Jesús , Jørgensen Niels , Árense-Gonzalo Julián J. , Torres-Cantero Alberto M. , Chavarro Jorge E.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the associations of intake of different types of meat with semen parameters and reproductive hormones in healthy young men. This cross-sectional study included 206 men, 18–23 years, from Southern Spain. All men completed a validated FFQ, underwent a physical examination, and provided blood and semen samples. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between meat intake with semen quality parameters and reproductive hormones. Total meat intake was unrelated to semen quality or reproductive hormone levels. When subgroups of meat were separately considered, however, shellfish intake was positively related to progressive motility. The adjusted percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa for men in increasing quartiles of shellfish intake were 45·2, 42·0, 49·4 and 53·2 % with a significant linear trend across quartiles (Ptrend≤0·001). In contrast, men who consumed organ meats had significantly lower progressive sperm motility (51·5 v. 42·8 %; P = 0·001) and higher luteinising hormone levels (4·0 v. 4·6 IU/l; P = 0·03) compared with men who did not consume organ meats. Intake of shellfish and organ meats was low in this population, however. Given the scarcity of data on the relation between specific types of meat with semen quality and reproductive hormone levels, additional research is needed to confirm or refute these findings.
MAKING THE MOST OF IMPERFECT DATA: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF STANDARD INFORMATION COLLECTED IN FARM HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
Authors: FRAVAL SIMON , HAMMOND JAMES , WICHERN JANNIKE , OOSTING SIMON J. , DE BOER IMKE J. M. , TEUFEL NILS , LANNERSTAD MATS , WAHA KATHARINA , PAGELLA TIM , ROSENSTOCK TODD S. , GILLER KEN E. , HERRERO MARIO , HARRIS DAVID , VAN WIJK MARK T.
Published: December 2018

Household surveys are one of the most commonly used tools for generating insight into rural communities. Despite their prevalence, few studies comprehensively evaluate the quality of data derived from farm household surveys. We critically evaluated a series of standard reported values and indicators that are captured in multiple farm household surveys, and then quantified their credibility, consistency and, thus, their reliability. Surprisingly, even variables which might be considered ‘easy to estimate’ had instances of non-credible observations. In addition, measurements of maize yields and land owned were found to be less reliable than other stationary variables. This lack of reliability has implications for monitoring food security status, poverty status and the land productivity of households. Despite this rather bleak picture, our analysis also shows that if the same farm households are followed over time, the sample sizes needed to detect substantial changes are in the order of hundreds of surveys, and not in the thousands. Our research highlights the value of targeted and systematised household surveys and the importance of ongoing efforts to improve data quality. Improvements must be based on the foundations of robust survey design, transparency of experimental design and effective training. The quality and usability of such data can be further enhanced by improving coordination between agencies, incorporating mixed modes of data collection and continuing systematic validation programmes.
The Virtue of Mercy According to Maimonides: Ethics, Law, and Theology
Authors: Shapira Haim
Published: December 2018

This article explores Maimonides’s position with regard to mercy in various aspects—ethics, law, and theology—and examines its unity. The first section discusses Maimonides’s view on the question of mercy in the moral plane: is mercy a virtue? It begins with a short discussion of the Aristotelian stance and then analyzes Maimonides’s view. It shows that Maimonides rejected the philosophical critique of mercy and deemed it a virtue. The second section discusses Maimonides’s view in the judicial plane: may a judge show mercy in judgment and be lenient when ruling? It also explores how Maimonides justifies the negation of mercy in the legal plane in contrast with his view of mercy as a virtue. The third section explores Maimonides’s view of mercy in the theological context. In his discussion of the divine attributes Maimonides interprets the attributes of “merciful and gracious,” and offered a metaphorical interpretation. Since humans are mandated to imitate God, this interpretation has consequences in the normative sphere. The theological discussion therefore raises the question of the moral and legal standing of mercy from a new perspective. It also raises the question of the relation between Maimonides’s position in theGuide of the Perplexedand that in his halakhic compositions. Are these two apparently different positions compatible?
Head and neck immunoglobulin G4 related disease: systematic review
Authors: Tirelli G , Gardenal N , Gatto A , Quatela E , Del Piero G C
Published: December 2018

Background

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease is a recently described systemic syndrome. The head and neck region is the second most common site for presentation after the pancreas.

Methods

PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1995 to July 2017 for all the studies on immunoglobulin G4 related disease diagnosed in the head and neck compartment. Patient-specific data were extracted and basic statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Ninety-one patients were identified. Treatment was specified in 76 patients. Twenty patients received surgical treatment, eight of them in association with medical therapy. Fifty-six patients received medical treatment. The disease recurred in 25 per cent of patients treated with surgical treatment alone, in 3.6 per cent of patients treated with medical treatment alone and in 12.5 per cent of patients treated with both. All medical treatment protocols contained high-dose corticosteroids.

Conclusion

Early and correct diagnosis can avoid unnecessary surgical treatment, and glucocorticoid therapy can improve the long-term prognosis.
Propagation of a nonlinear wave packet driven in a relaxed magnetohydrodynamic plasma
Authors: Kaur M. , Brown M. R.
Published: December 2018

We report the observation of a nonlinear wave packet propagating through a relaxed Taylor state in the Swarthmore Spheromak eXperiment (SSX) device. The wave packet is launched by a fast, pulsed, high current (${\approx}21~\text{kA}$) single-turn theta-pinch coil mounted outside the plasma vessel. The theta-pinch coil is energized by discharging a 40 kV, 2 kJ capacitor circuit. The wave packet velocity is super-thermal and super-Alfvénic; its group velocity is more consistent with a whistler pulse than other characteristic velocities. We also observe a fast density pulse which indicates that it is not Alfvénic in nature.
Tales of the far north; Dr William Gordon Stables and the Arctic adventure story in the late Victorian era
Authors: Wamsley Douglas W.
Published: December 2018

Dr William Gordon Stables (1837–1910) was perhaps the most prolific author of juvenile works during the second half of the 19th century, publishing more than 130 full-length novels, in addition to offering regular contributions to juvenile magazines. His writings covered a diverse range of subject areas, spanning all regions of the globe, and offered lively tales of adventure often coupled with moral guidance and imperialistic overtones. However, it was juvenile tales of adventure set in the far north that were his favourites and among his most frequent selections. Drawing upon his own first-hand Arctic experiences, Stables provided a knowledgeable view of the northern regions, offering vivid and realistic depictions of life and work in the Arctic, as well as its peoples, natural history and natural wonders. The challenges of survival in the harsh environment of the Arctic fostered a physical approach to manliness and maturity in Stables’ young heroes, who served as powerful role models for his youthful audience. Stables’ works enjoyed widespread popularity among impressionable juvenile readers and helped to shape their perceptions of the Arctic regions and impart character values on their path to adulthood. This article examines Stables’ contribution to Arctic storytelling in the late Victorian era.
Frequency and temporal sequence of clinical features in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presenting with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Gurrera Ronald J.
Published: December 2018

Background

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in adults. It mimics psychiatric disorders so often that most patients are initially referred to a psychiatrist, and many are misdiagnosed. Without prompt and effective treatment, patients are likely to suffer a protracted course with significant residual disability, or death. This study focuses on the frequency and chronology of salient clinical features in adults with anti-NMDAr encephalitis who are likely to be first evaluated by a psychiatrist because their presentation suggests a primary psychiatric disorder.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases identified published reports of anti-NMDAr encephalitis associated with prominent behavioral or psychiatric symptoms. After eliminating redundancies, the frequencies and relative timing of clinical features were tabulated. Signs and symptoms were assigned temporal ranks based on the timing of their first appearance relative to the first appearance of other signs and symptoms in each patient; median ranks were used to compare temporal sequencing of both individual features and major symptom domains.

Results

Two hundred thirty unique cases (185 female) met study inclusion criteria. The most common features were seizures (60.4%), disorientation/confusion (42.6%), orofacial dyskinesias (39.1%), and mutism/staring (37.4%). Seizures, fever, and cognitive dysfunction were often the earliest features to emerge, but psychiatric features predominated and sequencing varied greatly between individuals.

Conclusions

Clinicians should consider anti-NMDAr encephalitis when new psychiatric symptoms are accompanied by a recent viral prodrome, seizures or unexplained fever, or when the quality of the psychiatric symptoms is unusual (e.g. non-verbal auditory hallucinations).
Pre-conception self-harm, maternal mental health and mother–infant bonding problems: a 20-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Borschmann Rohan , Molyneaux Emma , Spry Elizabeth , Moran Paul , Howard Louise M. , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Brown Stephanie J. , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Olsson Craig A. , Patton George C.
Published: December 2018

Background

Self-harm in young people is associated with later problems in social and emotional development. However, it is unknown whether self-harm in young women continues to be a marker of vulnerability on becoming a parent. This study prospectively describes the associations between pre-conception self-harm, maternal depressive symptoms and mother–infant bonding problems.

Methods

The Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (VIHCS) is a follow-up to the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS) in Australia. Socio-demographic and health variables were assessed at 10 time-points (waves) from ages 14 to 35, including self-reported self-harm at waves 3–9. VIHCS enrolment began in 2006 (when participants were aged 28–29 years), by contacting VAHCS women every 6 months to identify pregnancies over a 7-year period. Perinatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the third trimester, and 2 and 12 months postpartum. Mother–infant bonding problems were assessed with the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire at 2 and 12 months postpartum.

Results

Five hundred sixty-four pregnancies from 384 women were included. One in 10 women (9.7%) reported pre-conception self-harm. Women who reported self-harming in young adulthood (ages 20–29) reported higher levels of perinatal depressive symptoms and mother–infant bonding problems at all perinatal time points [perinatal depressive symptoms adjusted β = 5.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.42–7.39; mother–infant bonding problems adjusted β = 7.51, 95% CI 3.09–11.92]. There was no evidence that self-harm in adolescence (ages 15–17) was associated with either perinatal outcome.

Conclusions

Self-harm during young adulthood may be an indicator of future vulnerability to perinatal mental health and mother–infant bonding problems.
Association between childhood trauma exposure and pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia and bipolar-I disorder
Authors: Quidé Yann , Bortolasci Chiara C. , Spolding Briana , Kidnapillai Srisaiyini , Watkeys Oliver J. , Cohen-Woods Sarah , Berk Michael , Carr Vaughan J. , Walder Ken , Green Melissa J.
Published: December 2018

Background

Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are consistently reported in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar-I disorder (BD), as well as among individuals who have been exposed to childhood trauma. However, higher levels of inflammatory markers in these disorders are yet to be investigated with respect to levels of exposure to different types of childhood trauma.

Methods

Participants were 68 cases with a diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ), 69 cases with a diagnosis of psychotic BD and 72 healthy controls (HC). Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified, and childhood trauma exposure was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.

Results

The SZ group had significantly higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP when compared with the HC group (all p < 0.05, d = 0.41–0.63), as well as higher levels of TNF-α when compared with the BD group (p = 0.014, d = 0.50); there were no differences between the BD and HC groups for any markers. Exposure to sexual abuse was positively associated (standardised β = 0.326, t = 2.459, p = 0.018) with levels of CRP in the SZ group, but there were no significant associations between any form of trauma exposure and cytokine levels in the HC or BD groups.

Conclusions

These results contribute to the evidence for a chronic state of inflammation in SZ but not BD cases. Differential associations between trauma exposure and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines across the diagnostic categories suggest that trauma may impact biological (stress and immune) systems differently in these patient groups.
Effects of wiggler error in a free-electron laser oscillator with two electron beams
Authors: Nam Soon-Kwon
Published: December 2018

We have analyzed the effects of the wiggler error due to the electron beam's emittance, energy spreads, and higher-order modes in a free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator by using two electron beams of different energies based on the proposed FEL facility which is operated at a far-infrared and infrared regions. The three-dimensional (3D) effects in a FEL oscillator due to the wiggler error were calculated and an evaluation of the effect of the beam's emittance and energy spread was performed for the case of the coupled two-beam oscillator for phase shift errors and wiggler errors. The mode construction was studied on the higher-order modes of the wiggler for the various wiggler error parameters for FEL performance which is required for the high-quality electron beam. The radiation intensity at the fundamental mode was calculated for the rms phase shake in wiggler errors with sinus type, constant type, and parabolic type in the two-beam oscillator system using the 3D calculations. The results are compared with those of the fundamental modes without wiggler errors.
MATHEMATICS IS THE LANTERN: VITO VOLTERRA, LÉON WALRAS, AND IRVING FISHER ON THE MATHEMATIZATION OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Scott Sonya
Published: December 2018

The interdisciplinary project to unite the field of mathematics with the social and biological sciences marks the work of Vito Volterra, one of Italy’s most prominent mathematicians of the twentieth century. This paper explores the connections between Volterra’s 1901 inaugural address at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome and the work of two of his contemporaries, Léon Walras and Irving Fisher. All three thinkers were ardent advocates of the mathematical turn in economic thinking. This paper argues, however, that it is the previously unexplored relationship between Volterra and Fisher that sheds the most light on the way in which mechanical physics contributed to the project of mathematization within economics more generally. Furthermore, it explores the way in which mathematical inquiry postulated a new and coherent abstraction of the economy, at the same time that it gave epistemological authority to the economist.
PETER DRUCKER'S PROTESTANT ETHIC: BETWEEN EUROPEAN HUMANISM AND AMERICAN MANAGEMENT
Authors: MCNEELY IAN F.
Published: December 2018

Peter Drucker (1909–2005) is celebrated as perhaps the greatest management guru, and one of the greatest futurists, of the twentieth century, but he has rarely been taken seriously as an intellectual. Raised in Vienna among a cohort of émigré academics that included Schumpeter, Hayek, and von Mises, among others, Drucker was both deeply learned and incredibly prolific. This essay seeks to rehabilitate Drucker as a humanistic social thinker, reinterpreting his earliest writings in German, his two major treatises on totalitarianism and the crisis of capitalism published after he emigrated to the US, his debate with Polanyi and engagement with Kierkegaard, and his early postwar writings on management theory and the knowledge society. It identifies in Drucker's Protestant faith a deep and abiding set of intellectual, ethical, and spiritual commitments helping him to navigate a path out of Nazi Germany and assume a position of enormous influence in American business life.
Transboundary Civil Litigation for Victims of Southeast Asian Haze Pollution: Access to Justice and the Non-Discrimination Principle
Authors: Listiningrum Prischa
Published: December 2018

This article examines access to justice for victims of the Southeast Asian haze pollution within the legal system of Indonesia as the source-of-origin state. It argues that bringing civil claims against the polluting companies before Indonesian courts offers a more effective avenue towards justice than relying on resolution at the level of state to state. The article first discusses barriers to resolving the problem through the state-to-state level. It then considers whether, under international law, the source-of-origin state is obliged to provide remedies for victims of transboundary environmental damage. The article then reviews the efficacy of pursuing remedies for transboundary civil claims against polluters through the legal system of the source-of-origin state. Finally, the article considers the limitations of the laws of the affected states, which, as a consequence, mean that transboundary civil litigation in the source-of-origin state may be the most effective avenue for redress.
Black Medic (Medicago lupulina) Germination Response to Temperature and Osmotic Potential, and a Novel Growing Degree-Day Accounting Restriction for Heat-Limited Germination
Authors: Sharpe Shaun M. , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: December 2018

Black medic (Medicago lupulinaL.) is a problem weed species in Florida strawberry [Fragaria×ananassa(Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.) [chiloensis×virginiana]] production. It competes with the crop and hinders harvest efficiency. A reductionist approach is being undertaken to predictM. lupulinafield emergence to coordinate control tactics. Germination is the first model component to be developed. The objectives were to study the effect of osmotic potential and temperature on seed germination and to develop the germination component for reductionist emergence modeling. Trials were initiated using petri dishes in incubators to testM. lupulinagermination in response to osmotic potential (0 to −1 MPa) and constant (5 to 40 C) and fluctuating temperatures (35/25, 35/20, 25/15, and 25/10 C, 12/12-h duration).Medicago lupulinagerminated between 5 and 35 C. Optimal germination was between 10 and 20 C. Germination was negatively impacted by temperatures above the optimum. Fluctuating temperatures did not influence germination compared with constant temperatures. A reduction in osmotic potential from 0 to −0.25 MPa reduced germination from 43% to 14%. Three temperature-mediated germination trends were identified: standard increases and plateau up to 20 C, reduced germination between 20 and 35 C, and no germination at 40 C. A novel restriction to daily growing degree-day (GDD) accounting was developed for heat-limited germination. The germination restriction accounted for the optimum and maximum temperature, diminishing returns of exposure to higher temperatures, and the negative impact of higher temperatures above the optimum range. Determination logic and the new daily GDD accounting formula aligned GDD accumulation across all temperatures to be described by a Weibull formula (R2= 0.5199). Results establish the germination component for reductionist emergence modeling, but further study is required to account for dormancy and PRE growth.
10Be Signature of the Cosmic Ray Event in the 10th Century CE in Both Hemispheres, as Confirmed by Quasi‐Annual 10Be Data From the Antarctic Dome Fuji Ice Core
Authors: Miyake F. , Horiuchi K. , Motizuki Y. , Nakai Y. , Takahashi K. , Masuda K. , Motoyama H. , Matsuzaki H.
Published: December 2018

Cosmogenic nuclides are good indicators of past cosmic ray events and variations. To verify such phenomena, it is important to evaluate them using multiple nuclides from different archives. The cosmic ray event in 993–994 Common Era (CE) has already been confirmed with 14C and 10Be data, which show rapid increases in the concentrations. However, the 10Be data were obtained from the Greenland ice cores in the Northern Hemisphere. To investigate the extent of the 10Be increase in the Southern Hemisphere, we measured quasi‐annual 10Be concentrations between 980 and 1,011 CE in the Antarctic Dome Fuji ice core. We observed a ~50% increase in 10Be concentration around 994 CE, consistent with the Greenland data. Increases in 10Be concentrations in both hemispheres support a solar origin of the 994‐CE event. In addition, we propose a method of evaluating the so‐called “system effect” for 10Be deposition by extracting common components from 10Be and Na+ data.
On Cold Pool Collisions in Tropical Boundary Layers
Authors: Torri Giuseppe , Kuang Zhiming
Published: December 2018

Collisions between cold pools are generally acknowledged to be important processes through which new convective cells are triggered. Yet relatively little has been done to characterize these processes in detail, quantify their impact on the life cycle of cold pools, and include them in convective parameterizations. We use a combination of Eulerian and Lagrangian models to investigate how much cold pools are affected by collisions. Results from simulations in radiative‐convective equilibrium suggest that collisions represent a first‐order process in the dynamics of cold pools, the median time of first collision being under 10 min since cold pool birth. Through a Lagrangian tracking algorithm, it is also shown that cold pools are significantly deformed by collisions and lose the circular shapes they would have if in isolation only a few minutes after birth. Finally, it is suggested that cold pools happen in clusters, and associated spatial and temporal scales are presented.
Cross‐Front Sediment Transport Induced by Quick Oscillation of the Yellow Sea Warm Current: Evidence From the Sedimentary Record
Authors: Shi Y. , Gao J. H. , Sheng H. , Du J. , Jia J. J. , Wang Y. P. , Li J. , Bai F. L. , Chen Y. N.
Published: December 2018

The geochemical analysis of sediment in the northern North Yellow Sea shows that the sediment derived from the Yellow River could penetrate the Yellow Sea Warm Current and mingle with Yalu River‐derived sediment in coastal areas. Further analysis indicates that the relative variations in coastal currents and the Yellow Sea Warm Current, which are regulated by the winter monsoon, dominate the process of cross‐front transport. This suggests a dynamic mechanism involving cross‐front sediment transport. During a period of strong northwesterly wind, the sediment derived from the Yellow River north of the Shandong Peninsula could disperse across the fronts in the surface layer, and when the wind subsides, sediments are delivered northward by barotropic current. This dynamic mechanism for sediment exchange in the North Yellow Sea can explain the multiple sediment sources found in the Yellow Sea, and it has implications for cross‐front transport on a global scale.
Characterizing the State of the Urban Surface Layer Using Radon‐222
Authors: Chambers S. D. , Podstawczyńska A. , Pawlak W. , Fortuniak K. , Williams A. G. , Griffiths A. D.
Published: December 2018

Four years of summertime paired urban‐rural meteorological and radon observations in central Poland are used to assess the relationship between atmospheric stability and urban‐induced changes to the radiation balance and surface energy budget. An existing radon‐based technique for nocturnal stability classification is improved and extended to also infer daytime mixing conditions. The radon‐based scheme is shown to provide a simple, effective, objective means of investigating urban energy budget closure over a range of meteorological conditions, which promises to improve estimates of energy storage and loss terms associated with urban canopies. Special attention is paid to quantifying atmospheric characteristics associated with the arbitrarily assigned radon‐derived stability categories in terms of the more conventional measures: bulk Richardson number and the Monin‐Obukhov stability parameter (z/L). The bulk Richardson number approach is demonstrated to be less effective at grouping periods of similar mean stability, and less selective of extremely stable conditions, than the radon‐based technique. A simple box model is used in conjunction with radon observations and an assumed source function of 15 mBq·m−2·s−1, to show that nocturnal effective mixing heights were deeper and less variable over the urban region. On stable nights hourly median effective mixing heights were 15–20 m over the rural region compared to 40–45 m over the urban region.
The Impact of Biomass Heat Storage on the Canopy Energy Balance and Atmospheric Stability in the Community Land Model
Authors: Swenson Sean C. , Burns Sean P. , Lawrence David M.
Published: December 2018

Atmospheric models used for weather prediction and future climate projections rely on land models to calculate surface boundary conditions. Observations of near‐surface states and fluxes made at flux measurement sites provide valuable data with which to assess the quality of simulated lower boundary conditions. A previous assessment of the Community Land Model version 4.5 using data from the Niwot Ridge Subalpine Forest AmeriFlux tower showed that simulated latent heat fluxes could be improved by adjusting a parameter describing the maximum leaf wetted area, but biases in midday sensible heat flux and nighttime momentum flux were generally not reduced by model parameter perturbations. These biases are related to the model's lack of heat storage in vegetation biomass. A biomass heat capacity is parameterized in Community Land Model version 5 with measurable quantities such as canopy height, diameter at breast height, and tree number density. After implementing a parameterization describing the heat transfer between the forest biomass and the canopy air space, the biases in the mean midday sensible heat and mean nighttime momentum fluxes at Niwot Ridge are reduced from 47 to 13 W/m2 and from 0.12 to −0.03 m/s, respectively. The bias in the mean nighttime canopy air temperature was reduced from −5.9 to 0.4 °C. Additional simulations at other flux tower sites demonstrate a consistent reduction in midday sensible heat flux, a lower ratio of the sum of sensible and latent heat flux to net radiation, and an increase in nighttime canopy temperatures.
A case–control genome-wide association study of ADHD discovers a novel association with the tenascin R (TNR) gene
Authors: Hawi Ziarih , Yates Hannah , Pinar Ari , Arnatkeviciute Aurina , Johnson Beth , Tong Janette , Pugsley Kealan , Dark Callum , Pauper Marc , Klein Marieke , Heussler Helen S. , Hiscock Harriet , Fornito Alex , Tiego Jeggan , Finlay Amy , Vance Alasdair , Gill Michael , Kent Lindsey , Bellgrove Mark A.
Published: December 2018

It is well-established that there is a strong genetic contribution to the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we employed a hypothesis-free genome-wide association study (GWAS) design in a sample of 480 clinical childhood ADHD cases and 1208 controls to search for novel genetic risk loci for ADHD. DNA was genotyped using Illumina’s Human Infinium PsychArray-24v1.2., and the data were subsequently imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. Rigorous quality control and pruning of genotypes at both individual subject and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) levels was performed. Polygenic risk score (PGRS) analysis revealed that ADHD case–control status was explained by genetic risk for ADHD, but no other major psychiatric disorders. Logistic regression analysis was performed genome-wide to test the association between SNPs and ADHD case–control status. We observed a genome-wide significant association (p = 3.15E−08) between ADHD and rs6686722, mapped to the Tenascin R (TNR) gene. Members of this gene family are extracellular matrix glycoproteins that play a role in neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Suggestive evidence of associations with ADHD was observed for an additional 111 SNPs (⩽9.91E−05). Although intriguing, the association between DNA variation in the TNR gene and ADHD should be viewed as preliminary given the small sample size of this discovery dataset.
A miR-150/TET3 pathway regulates the generation of mouse and human non-classical monocyte subset
Authors: Selimoglu-Buet Dorothée , Rivière Julie , Ghamlouch Hussein , Bencheikh Laura , Lacout Catherine , Morabito Margot , Diop M’boyba , Meurice Guillaume , Breckler Marie , Chauveau Aurélie , Debord Camille , Debeurme Franck , Itzykson Raphael , Chapuis Nicolas , Willekens Christophe , Wagner-Ballon Orianne , Bernard Olivier A. , Droin Nathalie , Solary Eric
Published: December 2018

Non-classical monocyte subsets may derive from classical monocyte differentiation and the proportion of each subset is tightly controlled. Deregulation of this repartition is observed in diverse human diseases, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in which non-classical monocyte numbers are significantly decreased relative to healthy controls. Here, we identify a down-regulation of hsa-miR-150 through methylation of a lineage-specific promoter in CMML monocytes. Mir150 knock-out mice demonstrate a cell-autonomous defect in non-classical monocytes. Our pulldown experiments point to Ten-Eleven-Translocation-3 (TET3) mRNA as a hsa-miR-150 target in classical human monocytes. We show that Tet3 knockout mice generate an increased number of non-classical monocytes. Our results identify the miR-150/TET3 axis as being involved in the generation of non-classical monocytes.
A protein-protein interaction map of the TNF-induced NF-κB signal transduction pathway
Authors: Van Quickelberghe Emmy , De Sutter Delphine , van Loo Geert , Eyckerman Sven , Gevaert Kris
Published: December 2018

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) has a crucial role in inflammation, cell proliferation and cell death. Dysregulation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-induced Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling leads to chronic inflammation and is associated with several human inflammatory pathologies. Hence, TNF neutralization suppresses inflammation and attenuates inflammatory pathology. However, despite its beneficial effects, anti-TNF therapy suffers from efficacy issues and severe immune side effects. There is thus an urging need to identify novel targets for pharmaceutical intervention in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Here, we present a protein-protein interaction dataset of the TNFR1-induced signaling pathway. For this, we used Virotrap, a novel method for studying protein complexes without disrupting the cellular integrity, on 12 central proteins controlling NF-κB and cell death signaling, both under resting conditions as well as upon TNF stimulation. Our dataset reveals dynamic interactions in TNFR1-induced NF-κB signaling and identifies both known as well as novel interactors that may help to further unravel the molecular mechanisms steering TNF-induced inflammatory signaling and pathology.
An allosteric switch-based hairpin for label-free chemiluminescence detection of ribonuclease H activity and inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Jingjing , Jiang Qian , Lu Jianzhong
Published: December 2018

To assay enzyme activities and screen its inhibitors, we demonstrated a novel label-free chemiluminescent (CL) aptasensor for the sensitive detection of RNase H activity based on hairpin technology.
Enantioselective synthesis of 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes via asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of cyclic azomethine ylides using a dual catalytic system
Authors: Suga Hiroyuki , Yoshiwara Masahiro , Yamaguchi Takaaki , Bando Takashi , Taguchi Mizuki , Inaba Ayano , Goto Yuichi , Kikuchi Ayaka , Itoh Kennosuke , Toda Yasunori
Published: December 2018

The asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between diazo imine-derived cyclic azomethine ylides and acryloylpyrazolidinone using a dual catalytic system is reported.
Integrative data fusion for comprehensive assessment of a novel CHEK2 variant using combined genomics, imaging, and functional–structural assessments via protein informatics
Authors: Hines Stephanie L. , Mohammad Ahmed N. , Jackson Jessica , Macklin Sarah , Caulfield Thomas R.
Published: December 2018

The CHEK2 gene and its encoded protein Chk2 have a well-known role in cancers, especially those related to breast cancer mediated through the BRCA1 gene.
A series of new octanuclear Ln8 clusters: magnetic studies reveal a significant cryogenic magnetocaloric effect and slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Li Ling-Fei , Kuang Wei-Wei , Li Yi-Ming , Zhu Li-Li , Xu Yun , Yang Pei-Pei
Published: December 2018

A series of new octanuclear Ln8 clusters. Magnetically, Gd8 exhibited a significant magnetocaloric effect and a magnetic entropy change is 32.49 J K−1 kg−1 for a field of 7 T at 2 K, while Dy8 exhibited a frequency dependent slow relaxation of magnetization at a zero applied direct current magnetic field.
van der Waals epitaxy of highly (111)-oriented BaTiO3 on MXene
Authors: Bennett-Jackson Andrew L. , Falmbigl Matthias , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Gu Zongquan , Imbrenda Dominic , Plokhikh Aleksandr V. , Will-Cole Alexandria , Hatter Christine , Wu Liyan , Anasori Babak , Gogotsi Yury , Spanier Jonathan E.
Published: December 2018

We report on the high temperature thin film growth of BaTiO3 on Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes using van der Waals epitaxy on a degradable template layer.
Imprinting supramolecular chirality on silica from natural triterpenoid-regulated helical ribbons
Authors: Gao Yuxia , Hao Jie , Liu Jinguo , Liang Yun , Du Fengpei , Hu Jun , Ju Yong
Published: December 2018

Well-ordered helical nanoribbons were fabricated by a natural triterpenoid-tailored amphiphile C4-MOP, and its supramolecular chirality was imprinted on silica.
Sn-doped 3D ATO inverse opal/hematite hierarchical structures: facile fabrication and efficient photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Li Jing , Zhang Boxue , Ye Jianfeng , Wang Yun , Ye Xiaozhou
Published: December 2018

We report the rational design, morphology engineering and enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of Sn-doped ATO IO/hematite heterostructures.
Color tuning and white light emission by codoping in isostructural homochiral lanthanide metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Wang Ruiying , Ge Yafang , Wu Benlai
Published: December 2018

Pure white-light emission and fluent light-emitting color change can be facilely obtained by codoping isostructural homochiral lanthanide metal–organic frameworks.
Frontier molecular orbital effects control the hole-catalyzed racemization of atropisomeric biaryls
Authors: Tan Jacqueline S. J. , Paton Robert S.
Published: December 2018

Biaryl atropisomerization is dramatically accelerated by the removal of an electron. The planar transition state is preferentially stabilized from depopulation of the highest occupied molecular orbital.
Colloidal particles at fluid interfaces: behaviour of isolated particles
Authors: Ballard Nicholas , Law Adam D. , Bon Stefan A. F.
Published: December 2018

We review the adsorption of colloidal particles at fluid interfaces, highlighting the effects of particle shape and chemistry.
Porous purple glass – a cobalt imidazolate glass with accessible porosity from a meltable cobalt imidazolate framework
Authors: Frentzel-Beyme Louis , Kloß Marvin , Pallach Roman , Salamon Soma , Moldenhauer Henning , Landers Joachim , Wende Heiko , Debus Jörg , Henke Sebastian
Published: December 2018

We report the first microporous cobalt imidazolate glass obtained from a meltable cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-62(Co).
One-pot gamma ray-induced green synthesis of a Prussian blue-laden polyvinylpyrrolidone/reduced graphene oxide aerogel for the removal of hazardous pollutants
Authors: Lee Ilsong , Kang Sung-Min , Jang Sung-Chan , Lee Go-Woon , Shim Ha Eun , Rethinasabapathy Muruganantham , Roh Changhyun , Huh Yun Suk
Published: December 2018

Gamma-ray mediated synthesis of ultra-low dense porous 3D-network structured PB@PVP/rGO aerogel with high mechanical stability for the removal of Cs+ ions, methylene blue and n-hexadecane.
New structural insights into anomeric carbohydrate recognition by frutalin: an α-d-galactose-binding lectin from breadfruit seeds
Authors: Vieira Neto Antonio Eufrásio , de Sousa Felipe Domingos , Pereira Humberto D'Muniz , Moreno Frederico Bruno Mendes Batista , Lourenzoni Marcos Roberto , Grangeiro Thalles Barbosa , Monteiro Moreira Ana Cristina de Oliveira , Moreira Renato de Azevedo
Published: December 2018

Frutalin (FTL) is a multiple-binding lectin belonging to the jacalin-related lectin (JRL) family and derived from Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit) seeds. This lectin specifically recognizes and binds α-d-galactose. FTL has been successfully used in immunobiological research for the recognition of cancer-associated oligosaccharides. However, the molecular bases by which FTL promotes these specific activities remain poorly understood. Here, we report the whole 3D structure of FTL for the first time, as determined by X-ray crystallography. The obtained crystals diffracted to 1.81 Å (Apo-frutalin) and 1.65 Å (frutalin–d-Gal complex) of resolution. The lectin exhibits post-translational cleavage yielding an α- (133 amino acids) and β-chain (20 amino acids), presenting a homotetramer when in solution, with a typical JRL β-prism. The β-prism was composed of three 4-stranded β-sheets forming three antiparallel Greek key motifs. The carbohydrate-binding site (CBS) involved the N-terminus of the α-chain and was formed by four key residues: Gly25, Tyr146, Trp147 and Asp149. Together, these results were used in molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solutions to shed light on the molecular basis of FTL-ligand binding. The simulations suggest that Thr-Ser-Ser-Asn (TSSN) peptide excision reduces the rigidity of the FTL CBS, increasing the number of interactions with ligands and resulting in multiple-binding sites and anomeric recognition of α-d-galactose sugar moieties. Our findings provide a new perspective to further elucidate the versatility of FTL in many biological activities.
Chaos‐based physical‐layer encryption for OFDM‐based VLC schemes with robustness against known/chosen plaintext attacks
Authors: Al‐Moliki Yahya M. , Alresheedi Mohammed T. , Al‐Harthi Yahya
Published: December 2018

The technology of visible light communication (VLC) is regarded as an appealing technique for upcoming wireless indoor multimedia communications. Considering the broadcast aspect of visible light propagation, the visible light interface is exposed and approachable to both licensed and unlicensed parties settled within the illuminated region. In this study, the authors present a chaos‐based physical‐layer encryption method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based VLC schemes with the ability to counter known‐plaintext attacks (KPAs) and chosen‐plaintext attacks (CPAs). A logistic map is utilised for the chaos mapping. The presented method produces dynamic ciphertexts by employing the random quality of the chaotic keys and input data. It uses a multiple‐fold encryption protocol which implements chaotic scrambling of the subcarrier distribution in time and frequency domains, as well as chaotic polarity inversion of subcarriers. To generate the secret key, a chaotic key creation approach is introduced by including the position‐sensitive and real‐valued channel state information of the VLC channel. The presented method provides supreme confidentiality for the OFDM‐based VLC schemes to counter KPAs, CPAs, brute‐force attacks, and statistical attacks. The secrecy capacity of the presented method is improved by applying a pre‐equalisation technique at the transmitter instead of the receiver.
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)
Authors: Boselli A. , Fossati M. , Longobardi A. , Consolandi G. , Amram P. , Sun M. , Andreani P. , Boquien M. , Braine J. , Combes F. , Côté P. , Cuillandre J. C. , Duc P. A. , Emsellem E. , Ferrarese L. , Gavazzi G. , Gwyn S. , Hensler G. , Peng E. W. , Plana H. , Roediger J. , Sanchez-Janssen R. , Sarzi M. , Serra P. , Trinchieri G.
Published: December 2018

We observed the giant elliptical galaxy M 87 during the Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Galaxy Evolution (VESTIGE), a blind narrow-band Hα+[NII] imaging survey of the Virgo cluster carried out with MegaCam at the Canada French Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). The deep narrow-band image confirmed the presence of a filament of ionised gas extending up to ≃3 kpc in the north-western direction and ≃8 kpc to the southeast, with a couple of plumes of ionised gas, the weakest of which, at ≃18 kpc from the nucleus, was previously unknown. The analysis of deep optical images taken from the NGVS survey confirms that this gas filament is associated with dust seen in absorption which is now detected up to ≃2.4 kpc from the nucleus. We also analysed the physical and kinematical properties of the ionised gas filament using deep IFU MUSE data covering the central 4.8 × 4.8 kpc2of the galaxy. The spectroscopic data confirm a perturbed kinematics of the ionised gas, with differences in velocity of ≃700–800 km s−1on scales of ≲1 kpc. The analysis of 2D diagnostic diagrams and the observed relationship between the shock-sensitive [OI]/Hαline ratio and the velocity dispersion of the gas suggest that the gas is shock-ionised.
Influence of profile indicators of hot-rolled strip on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled silicon steel
Authors: Ma Xiaobao , Wang Dongcheng , Liu Hongmin , Zhang Shuai
Published: December 2018

In order to evaluate the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strips according to the information of hot-rolled strips and scientifically guide the setting of the indicators of the hot-rolled silicon strip, the influence model about the relation of the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip to the profile indicators of hot-rolled strip is established in this paper based on simulation results. The transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip predicted based on the influence model have strong correspondences to the measured data. Based on the influence model and the statistical analysis of the measured data, the control criterion of the profile indicators of hot-rolled silicon steel according to the requirements for the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip are finally recommended. The simulation results show that the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip is quadratic nonlinearly related to the wedge and crown of hot-rolled strip. The influence model and statistical data analysis indicate that reducing the edge-drop of hot-rolled strip is beneficial to restrain the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip.
Effects of natural weathering on intrinsic properties of coal and coke quality
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Tiwari H.P. , Saxena Vinod K. , Khullar Binod K. , Singh Ranjan K. , Bhattachryaa Sandip K.
Published: December 2018

The degree of weathering of coking coal and its influence on coking potential of coal and coke strength after reaction depends on the various factors viz., climatic conditions, origin and types of coal. Results indicate that weathering of coking coal significantly affects the rheological properties, i.e. free swelling index, maximum fluidity, initial softening temperature, plastic temperature range and maximum expansion. Furthermore, the carbonization study confirms that the deterioration in coke strength after reaction also depends on the type of coals. It is therefore imperative to minimize weathering time of coking coals, and all-out efforts must be taken to cut down the cycle time from mining to its end use for techno-commercial utilization of a particular coal.
Viszerale Osteopathie bei Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Löber Matthias
Published: December 2018

Bei Rückenschmerzen lohnt es sich, auch mal einen Blick auf den Bauchraum zu werfen. Denn dort liegt möglicherweise der Grund für das Problem. Eva Sommer zum Beispiel scheint ihre Beschwerden aufgrund einer Darmproblematik zu haben. Wer denkt, das sei weit hergeholt, irrt sich: Die Zusammenhänge und die Therapie sind handfest. Eine Praxisanleitung.
Klassische OP- und Repositionstechniken, die man kennen
sollte
Authors: Freude Thomas
Published: December 2018

Trotz hochentwickelter Implantate bleibt ein wesentlicher Faktor auf dem Weg zu
einer erfolgreichen Frakturversorgung eine annähernd perfekte Reposition. Das
Wissen über die exakte Verwendung von möglichen Repositionstools kann die
Operationsverfahren und die Qualität steigern. Die Kombination aus heutzutage
seltener durchgeführter OP-Techniken wird in den letzten Jahren hinzugekommener
intraoperativer Hilfsmitteln, ermöglicht die Versorgung von komplexen Frakturen.
Dies trifft in hohem Maße auf Patienten mit reduzierter Knochenqualität zu.