bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions of anti-COVID-19 drug candidates with hepatic transporters may cause liver toxicity and affect pharmacokinetics
Authors: Ambrus Csilla , Bakos Éva , Sarkadi Balázs , Özvegy-Laczka Csilla , Telbisz Ágnes
Published: September 2021

Transporters in the human liver play a major role in the clearance of endo- and xenobiotics. Apical (canalicular) transporters extrude compounds to the bile, while basolateral hepatocyte transporters promote the uptake of, or expel, various compounds from/into the venous blood stream. In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the key drug transporters of hepatocytes. These transporters included ABCB11/BSEP, ABCC2/MRP2, and SLC47A1/MATE1 in the canalicular membrane, as well as ABCC3/MRP3, ABCC4/MRP4, SLC22A1/OCT1, SLCO1B1/OATP1B1, SLCO1B3/OATP1B3, and SLC10A1/NTCP, residing in the basolateral membrane. Lopinavir and ritonavir in low micromolar concentrations inhibited BSEP and MATE1 exporters, as well as OATP1B1/1B3 uptake transporters. Ritonavir had a similar inhibitory pattern, also inhibiting OCT1. Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1. Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of these transporters. Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the various interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.
25,000 Years long seismic cycle in a slow deforming continental region of Mongolia
Authors: Bollinger Laurent , Klinger Yann , Forman Steven L. , Chimed Odonbaatar , Bayasgalan Amgalan , Munkhuu Ulziibat , Davaasuren Ganzorig , Dolgorsuren Tulga , Enkhee Bayarsaikhan , Sodnomsambuu Demberel
Published: September 2021

The spatial distribution of large earthquakes in slowly deforming continental regions (SDCR) is poorly documented and, thus, has often been deemed to be random. Unlike in high strain regions, where seismic activity concentrates along major active faults, earthquakes in SDCR may seem to occur more erratically in space and time. This questions classical fault behavior models, posing paramount issues for seismic hazard assessment. Here, we investigate the M7, 1967, Mogod earthquake in Mongolia, a region recognized as a SDCR. Despite the absence of visible cumulative deformation at the ground surface, we found evidence for at least 3 surface rupturing earthquakes during the last 50,000 years, associated with a slip-rate of 0.06 ± 0.01 mm/year. These results show that in SDCR, like in faster deforming regions, deformation localizes on specific structures. However, the excessive length of return time for large earthquakes along these structures makes it more difficult to recognize earthquake series, and could conversely lead to the misconception that in SDCR earthquakes would be randomly located. Thus, our result emphasizes the need for systematic appraisal of the potential seismogenic structures in SDCR in order to lower the uncertainties associated with the seismogenic sources in seismic hazard models.
Seeded growth of ultrathin gold nanoshells using polymer additives and microwave radiation
Authors: Lermusiaux Laurent , Plissonneau Marie , Bertry Laure , Drisko Glenna L. , Buissette Valérie , Le Mercier Thierry , Duguet Etienne , Tréguer-Delapierre Mona
Published: September 2021

Nanoshells made of a silica core and a gold shell possess an optical response that is sensitive to nanometer-scale variations in shell thickness. The exponential red shift of the plasmon resonance with decreasing shell thickness makes ultrathin nanoshells (less than 10 nm) particularly interesting for broad and tuneable ranges of optical properties. Nanoshells are generally synthesised by coating gold onto seed-covered silica particles, producing continuous shells with a lower limit of 15 nm, due to an inhomogeneous droplet formation on the silica surface during the seed regrowth. In this paper, we investigate the effects of three variations of the synthesis protocol to favour ultrathin nanoshells: seed density, polymer additives and microwave treatment. We first maximised gold seed density around the silica core, but surprisingly its effect is limited. However, we found that the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone during the shell synthesis leads to higher homogeneity and a thinner shell and that a post-synthetic thermal treatment using microwaves can further smooth the particle surface. This study brings new insights into the synthesis of metallic nanoshells, pushing the limits of ultrathin shell synthesis.
Polyethyleneimine impregnated alginate capsule as a high capacity sorbent for the recovery of monovalent and trivalent gold
Authors: Dangi Yub Raj , Bediako John Kwame , Lin Xiaoyu , Choi Jong-Won , Lim Che-Ryong , Song Myung-Hee , Han Minhee , Yun Yeoung-Sang
Published: September 2021

For the first time, a polyethyleneimine-impregnated alginate capsule (PEIIAC) with a high adsorption capacity is developed for the recovery of monovalent and trivalent gold from an acidic solution. The strategy results in a new type of adsorbent, polyethyleneimine impregnated alginate capsule (PEIIAC) with a core–shell structure having a large number of amine groups as cationic binding site, facilitating maximum uptake of anionic auric chloride. The maximum uptake of PEIIAC was 3078 and 929 mg/g for Au (III) and Au (I), respectively, are recordable compared to other reported adsorbents to date. The as-prepared material was executed to check the sorption efficacy for Au (III) and Au (I) in the pH range of 1–12. With an increment in pH, the uptake capacity for Au (III) increased, while the uptake capacity for Au (I) decreased. The FTIR, XRD, and XPS studies revealed that the gold adsorption mechanism includes ionic interactions and reduction, wherein the amine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups are involved. The capsule showed a higher adsorption efficiency than other reported sorbents, making the material applicable in acidic solutions for the recovery of Au (I) and Au (III).
Microglial ASD-related genes are involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation
Authors: Takanezawa Yuta , Tanabe Shogo , Kato Daiki , Ozeki Rie , Komoda Masayo , Suzuki Tatsunori , Baba Hiroko , Muramatsu Rieko
Published: September 2021

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with mutations of chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (Chd8) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2). Although these ASD-related genes are detected in glial cells such as microglia, the effect of Chd8 or Tsc2 deficiency on microglial functions and microglia-mediated brain development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of microglial Chd8 and Tsc2 in cytokine expression, phagocytosis activity, and neuro/gliogenesis from neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. Chd8 or Tsc2 knockdown in microglia reduced insulin-like growth factor-1(Igf1) expression under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In addition, phagocytosis activity was inhibited by Tsc2 deficiency, microglia-mediated oligodendrocyte development was inhibited, in particular, the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to oligodendrocytes was prevented by Chd8 or Tsc2 deficiency. These results suggest that ASD-related gene expression in microglia is involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation, which may contribute to the white matter pathology relating to ASD.
Carbamylation of elastic fibers is a molecular substratum of aortic stiffness
Authors: Doué Manon , Okwieka Anaïs , Berquand Alexandre , Gorisse Laëtitia , Maurice Pascal , Velard Frédéric , Terryn Christine , Molinari Michaël , Duca Laurent , Piétrement Christine , Gillery Philippe , Jaisson Stéphane
Published: September 2021

Because of their long lifespan, matrix proteins of the vascular wall, such as elastin, are subjected to molecular aging characterized by non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, like carbamylation which results from the binding of cyanate (mainly derived from the dissociation of urea) to protein amino groups. While several studies have demonstrated a relationship between increased plasma concentrations of carbamylated proteins and the development of cardiovascular diseases, molecular mechanisms explaining the involvement of protein carbamylation in these pathological contexts remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of this work was to determine whether vascular elastic fibers could be carbamylated, and if so, what impact this phenomenon would have on the mechanical properties of the vascular wall. Our experiments showed that vascular elastin was carbamylated in vivo. Fiber morphology was unchanged after in vitro carbamylation, as well as its sensitivity to elastase degradation. In mice fed with cyanate-supplemented water in order to increase protein carbamylation within the aortic wall, an increased stiffness in elastic fibers was evidenced by atomic force microscopy, whereas no fragmentation of elastic fiber was observed. In addition, this increased stiffness was also associated with an increase in aortic pulse wave velocity in ApoE−/− mice. These results provide evidence for the carbamylation of elastic fibers which results in an increase in their stiffness at the molecular level. These alterations of vessel wall mechanical properties may contribute to aortic stiffness, suggesting a new role for carbamylation in cardiovascular diseases.
Metabolic flexibility during sleep
Authors: Zhang Simeng , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Ishihara Asuka , Uchizawa Akiko , Park Insung , Iwayama Kaito , Ogata Hitomi , Yajima Katsuhiko , Omi Naomi , Satoh Makoto , Yanagisawa Masashi , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Tokuyama Kumpei
Published: September 2021

Known as metabolic flexibility, oxidized substrate is selected in response to changes in the nutritional state. Sleep imposes an extended duration of fasting, and oxidized substrates during sleep were assumed to progressively shift from carbohydrate to fat, thereby gradually decreasing the respiratory quotient (RQ). Contrary to this assumption, whole-room indirect calorimetry with improved time resolution revealed that RQ re-ascended prior to awakening, and nadir of RQ in non-obese young adults occurred earlier in women than men after bedtime. The transient decrease in RQ during sleep was blunted in metabolically inflexible men with smaller amplitude of diurnal rhythm in RQ. Similarly, the effect of 10 years difference in age on RQ became significant during sleep; the decrease in RQ during sleep was blunted in older subjects. Inter-individual difference in RQ become apparent during sleep, and it might serve as a window to gain insight into the early-stage pathogenesis of metabolic inflexibility.
Rational design of a nanoparticle platform for oral prophylactic immunotherapy to prevent immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Nguyen Nhan H. , Glassman Fiona Y. , Dingman Robert K. , Shenoy Gautam N. , Wohlfert Elizabeth A. , Kay Jason G. , Bankert Richard B. , Balu-Iyer Sathy V.
Published: September 2021

The safety and efficacy of several life-saving therapeutic proteins are compromised due to their immunogenicity. Once a sustained immune response against a protein-based therapy is established, clinical options that are safe and cost-effective become limited. Prevention of immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins prior to their initial use is critical as it is often difficult to reverse an established immune response. Here, we discuss a rational design and testing of a phosphatidylserine-containing nanoparticle platform for novel oral prophylactic reverse vaccination approach, i.e., pre-treatment of a therapeutic protein in the presence of nanoparticles to prevent immunogenicity of protein therapies.
Computational simulation and modelling of uranium extraction using tributylphosphate through membrane extractor
Authors: Syah Rahmad , Ramadan Dadan , Elveny Marischa , Cao Yan , Khan Afrasyab , Abdi Hamid , Ghadiri Mahdi
Published: September 2021

Non-disperse solvent extraction is an effective technique for the extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution. In this study, uranium extraction using n-dodecane solvent containing tributylphosphate extractant in a membrane contactor was investigated. A 2D mathematical model was developed for the fluid flow and mass transfer in the hollow fibre membrane extractor. The equations of the created model were solved using the finite element method. The uranium concentration distribution in the extractor at different extractant concentrations as well as feed acidity was studied. The results showed that there is reasonable good agreement between experimental uranium extraction and modelling outputs at different extractant concentrations. Increasing extractant concentration from 5 to 30% led to the enhancement of uranium extraction from 2.60 to 34.13%. Also, there was an increase in the uranium extraction with increasing feed acidity in the range of 1–3 M. Furthermore, based on the radial uranium concentration distribution, it was found that the main mass transfer resistance in the system was microporous membrane section. Finally, it was obtained that the uranium extraction efficiency could be improved significantly by increasing porosity-to-tortuosity ratio. It was concluded that the membrane specification plays the most important role as the dominant mass transfer resistant was in the membrane subdomain.
Effect of sildenafil added to antifibrotic treatment in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kang Jieun , Song Jin Woo
Published: September 2021

Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used to treat idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; however, its benefits are unclear in patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to evaluate its effect as an add-on to antifibrotic agents on clinical outcomes of real-world IPF patients. Among a total of 607 IPF patients treated with antifibrotic agent, 66 concurrently received sildenafil. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for differences in age, sex, body mass index, forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity (DLCO) between the sildenafil and no-sildenafil groups. The outcomes of these groups in terms of FVC decline rate, all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and acute exacerbation were compared. Propensity score matching identified 51 matched pairs. The mean age of the patients was 69.5 years and 80.4% were male. Mean FVC and DLCO were 51.7% and 29.5% of the predicted values, respectively. The FVC decline rates did not differ significantly (p = 0.714) between the sildenafil (− 101 mL/year) and no-sildenafil (− 117 mL/year) groups. In multivariable analyses adjusted for comorbidities and presence of pulmonary hypertension, sildenafil had no significant impact on all-cause mortality, hospitalization, or acute exacerbation. Sildenafil add-on to antifibrotic treatment had no significant effects on the clinical outcomes of IPF patients.
The liquid micro junction-surface sampling probe (LMJ-SSP); a versatile ambient mass spectrometry interface
Authors: Simon David , Oleschuk Richard
Published: September 2021

This review examines the principles of the LMJ-SSP interface and highlights modifications of the original design extending its capability. We summarize application areas and describe potential future directions for the adaptable ionization source.
A novel fast-response and highly selective AIEgen fluorescent probe for visualizing peroxynitrite in living cells, C. elegans and inflammatory mice
Authors: Ye Ya-Xi , Chen Xin-Yue , Yu Ya-Wen , Zhang Qing , Wei Xiao-Wen , Wang Zhong-Chang , Wang Bao-Zhong , Jiao Qing-Cai , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: September 2021

The AIEgen fluorescent probe PE-XY for imaging peroxynitrite in living cells, C. elegans and mice.
A double-tetrahedral DNA framework based electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection and release of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Xu Yi , Zhao Xiaoshuang , Li Shuainai , Qian Qiuling , Wang Wei , Mi Xianqiang
Published: September 2021

An electrochemical biosensor system based on a double-tetrahedral DNA framework for ultrasensitive capture, detection and release of circulating tumor cells. The released cells can be recultured for further clinical research.
Self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal gel for osteoarthritis treatment via anti-inflammation and cartilage protection
Authors: Mei Liling , Wang Hui , Chen Jintian , Zhang Ziqian , Li Feng , Xie Yecheng , Huang Ying , Peng Tingting , Cheng Guohua , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin
Published: September 2021

In situ self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal gel with a spring-like property to buffer joint shock provides highly efficient treatment of osteoarthritis via inflammation alleviation and cartilage protection.
A palladium-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction of cyclobutanols with 2-haloanilines leading to benzazepines and quinolines
Authors: Shen Xiao-Qin , Yan Xiao-Wei , Zhang Xing-Guo
Published: September 2021

A palladium-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction of cyclobutanols for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzazepines has been developed, which could be further converted to 2-acyl quinolines through hydrolysis, amination and dehydrogenation processes.
Improved carbon dioxide absorption in double-charged ionic liquids
Authors: Avila Jocasta , Lepre Luiz Fernando , Goloviznina Kateryna , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Pomelli Christian Silvio , Chiappe Cinzia , Pádua Agilio , Costa Gomes Margarida
Published: September 2021

Imidazolium and carboxylate-based, divalent ionic liquids were synthesized, characterized and tested for CO2 absorption. They can absorb reversibly large quantities of CO2 with an improved 1 : 1 stoichiometry.
On the chirality-dependent adsorption behavior of volatile organic compounds on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Bin , Mi Changwen
Published: September 2021

The adsorption affinity of VOC molecules on carbon nanotubes depends strongly on both molecule hydrophobicity and nanotube chirality.
Time-resolved observations of vibrationally excited NO X 2Π (v′) formed from collisional quenching of NO A 2Σ+ (v = 0) by NO X 2Π: evidence for the participation of the NO a 4Π state
Authors: Fletcher James D. , Lanfri Lucia , Ritchie Grant A. D. , Hancock Gus , Islam Meez , Richmond Graham
Published: September 2021

Time resolved observations of the products of NO A 2Σ+ collisional quenching show fast and slow components, consistent with the involvement of a reservoir state (a 4Π) through which a portion of the quenching occurs.
Lone-pair stabilized channels and blocked transport in apatite-related structures
Authors: Tao Ce , Li Rukang
Published: September 2021

The crystalline form of apatite-related silicate compounds, Tb2Pb3Si3O12 (I) and Pb5SiP2O12 (II), were obtained, revealing the preferential occupied sites for ns2-type ions in apatite-related materials.
A remarkable energy barrier for spin reversal in a field induced dinuclear ytterbium single molecule magnet
Authors: Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit
Published: September 2021

Strong equatorial and weak axial crystal fields enhance the energy barrier for slow relaxation of magnetization in Yb-based single molecule magnets.
Synthesis of nitrogen-rich and thermostable energetic materials based on hetarenecarboxylic acids
Authors: Lei Caijin , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Qinghua , Cheng Guangbin
Published: September 2021

Two series of both nitrogen-rich and thermostable energetic materials based on hetarenecarboxylic acids are now described. 3 shows good decomposition temperature and 6 exhibits better integrated energetic properties than RDX.
Gold nanorod self-assembly on a quartz crystal microbalance: an enhanced mercury vapor sensor
Authors: Sabri Ylias , Kandjani Ahmad E. , Harrison Christopher J. , Sarker Satya R. , Chalkidis Anastasios , Coyle Victoria E. , Matthews Glenn , Ippolito Samuel , Kabir K. M. Mohibul , Srinivasan Madapusi , Bhargava Suresh K.
Published: September 2021

The developed Au-NR based gas sensor showed up to ∼1.7 times higher response magnitude than its Au CTRL counterpart when exposed toward elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor. Furthermore, the newly developed sensor also showed good selectivity toward Hg0.
Amphiphilic confined Pt-based nanocatalysts produced by atomic layer deposition with enhanced catalytic performance for biphasic reactions
Authors: Xing Shuangfeng , Gao Zhe , Zhao Shichao , Xiong Mi , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Jianyuan , Wang Sen , Wang Guofu , Qin Yong
Published: September 2021

Confined catalysts with different wettability microenvironments are designed. The amphiphilic microenvironment in nanochannels simultaneously promotes the transport of reactants to active sites and thus improves the performance in biphasic reactions.
Hydrazones in anion transporters: the detrimental effect of a second binding site
Authors: Martínez-Crespo Luis , Halgreen Lau , Soares Márcio , Marques Igor , Félix Vítor , Valkenier Hennie
Published: September 2021

The effect of hydrazones and related functional groups on the anion transport activity of thioureas is presented.
Supramolecular polymerization of BODIPY dyes extended with rationally designed pyrazole-based motifs
Authors: Zhang Youzhi , Zhou Na , Zhu Xiaolin , He Xiaoming
Published: September 2021

Two distinct aggregation pathways during the supramolecular polymerization of BODIPY dyes functionalized with rationally designed pyrazole-based motifs have been investigated.
Copper-catalyzed regio- and chemoselective selenosulfonylation of 1,6-enynes from sulfur dioxide
Authors: He Fu-Sheng , Yao Yanfang , Tang Zhimei , Xie Wenlin , Wu Jie
Published: September 2021

An efficient copper-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of 1,6-enynes, diselenides, DABCO·(SO2)2, and cycloketone oxime esters was achieved, providing cyanoalkylsulfonated pyrrolidines in moderate to good yields.
DDQ as a versatile and easily recyclable oxidant: a systematic review
Authors: Alsharif Meshari A. , Raja Qandeel Alam , Majeed Nida Abdul , Jassas Rabab. S. , Alsimaree Abdulrahman A. , Sadiq Amina , Naeem Nafeesa , Mughal Ehsan Ullah , Alsantali Reem I. , Moussa Ziad , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: September 2021

DDQ is the most widely used quinone with a high reduction potential and it mediates hydride transfer reactions and shows three accessible oxidation states: quinone (oxidized), semiquinone (one-electron-reduced) and hydroquinone (two-electron-reduced).
Domino C–C/C–O bond formation: palladium-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 7-iodobenzo[b]furans using 1,2,3-triiodobenzenes and benzylketones
Authors: Al-Zoubi Raed M. , Al-Jammal Walid K. , Ferguson Michael J. , Murphy Graham K.
Published: September 2021

A facile and unprecedented synthesis of 7-iodobenzo[b]furans via a highly regioselective tandem α-arylation/intramolecular O-arylation is reported that is efficient, scalable and creates versatile precursors for further chemical manipulation.
Electrochemical synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles by seed-mediated selective deposition
Authors: Park Joon Ho , Jin Seon-Mi , Lee Eunji , Ahn Hyun S.
Published: September 2021

Core–shell nanoparticles can be synthesized by pure electrochemical methods, and the size of the core and the thickness of the shell can be precisely controlled. The nanoparticle-decorated electrodes exhibited respectable oxygen evolution catalysis.
ITO-free large area PDLC smart windows: a cost-effective fabrication using spray coated SnO2on an invisible Al mesh
Authors: Mondal Indrajit , S. Kiruthika , Ganesha Mukhesh K. , Baral Marlin , Kumar Ankush , Vimala S. , Madhuri P. Lakshmi , Nair Geetha G. , Prasad S. Krishna , Singh Ashutosh K. , Kulkarni Giridhar U.
Published: September 2021

Theoretical and experimental studies are performed to establish the importance of a thin overlayer on metal mesh as an ITO-alternative transparent conducting electrode for liquid crystal smart windows where a uniform electric field is essential.
A highly conductive hydrogel driven by phytic acid towards a wearable sensor with freezing and dehydration resistance
Authors: Zhang Qin , Liu Xin , Zhang Jiawei , Duan Lijie , Gao Guanghui
Published: September 2021

Phytic acid-doped hydrogels simultaneously possessed high conductivity, freezing resistance, water retention, and antibacterial properties.
A photo-responsive membrane for tailored drug delivery with spatially and temporally controlled release
Authors: Guo Buyun , Fan Rong , Shen Shuwei , Xue Yue , Zhu Zhiqiang , Xu Ronald X.
Published: September 2021

We developed a photo-responsive membrane for tailored drug delivery with spatial, temporal, and dosage control. The pattern was used to control the release of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Exploring the dark: detecting long-lived Nile Red 3ILCT states in Ru(ii) polypyridyl photosensitisers
Authors: Condon Claire , Conway-Kenny Robert , Cui Xiaoneng , Hallen Lukas J. , Twamley Brendan , Zhao Jianzhang , Watson Graeme W. , Draper Sylvia M.
Published: September 2021

The commercial dye Nile Red has been used to produce two Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes with long-lived “dark” (non-emissive) triplet excited states. The latter localised on the Nile Red moiety are used for efficient singlet oxygen generation.
Boosting the photon absorption, exciton dissociation, and photocatalytic hydrogen- and oxygen-evolution reactions by built-in electric fields in Janus platinum dichalcogenides
Authors: Gao Xu , Shen Yanqing , Liu Jiajia , Lv Lingling , Zhou Min , Zhou Zhongxiang , Feng Yuan Ping , Shen Lei
Published: September 2021

Monolayer Janus PtXY (platinum dichalcogenide) shows a high performance in solar light absorption, photogenerated carrier separation, and hydrogen- and oxygen-evolution reactions, resulting in a great photocatalytic performance for overall water-splitting.
High-performance as-cast non-fullerene polymer solar cells from benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran polymer via a rational copolymer design
Authors: He Enfang , Zheng Zhi , Lu Yi , Guo Fengyun , Gao Shiyong , Mola Genene Tessema , Zhao Liancheng , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2021

In this study, we introduced an ester-substituted thiophene into the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran (BDF)-based polymer (PDiFPBDF-TBz, F13) backbone to synthesize a novel polymer donor (F13-R) to develop the highly-efficient as-cast PSCs.
Hemodynamic phenotyping of transgenic rats with ubiquitous expression of an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein
Authors: Alves Daniele T. , Mendes Luiz Felipe , Sampaio Walkyria O. , Coimbra-Campos Leda M.C. , Vieira Maria Aparecida R. , Ferreira Anderson J. , Martins Almir S. , Popova Elena , Todiras Mihail , Qadri Fatimunnisa , Alenina Natalia , Bader Michael , Santos Robson A.S. , Campagnole-Santos Maria Jose
Published: September 2021

Activation of the angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) 2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS receptor pathway of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) induces protective mechanisms in different diseases. Herein, we describe the cardiovascular phenotype of a new transgenic rat line (TG7371) that expresses an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein. The transgene-specific mRNA and the corresponding protein were shown to be present in all evaluated tissues of TG7371 with the highest expression in aorta and brain. Plasma Ang-(1-7) levels, measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) were similar to control Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, however high Ang-(1-7) levels were found in the hypothalamus. TG7371 showed lower baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP), assessed in conscious or anesthetized rats by telemetry or short-term recordings, associated with increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and higher urinary sodium concentration. Moreover, evaluation of regional blood flow and hemodynamic parameters with fluorescent microspheres showed a significant increase in blood flow in different tissues (kidneys, mesentery, muscle, spleen, brown fat, heart and skin), with a resulting decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR). TG7371 rats, on the other hand, also presented increased cardiac and global sympathetic tone, increased plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels and decreased free water clearance. Altogether, our data show that expression of an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein induced a hypotensive phenotype due to widespread vasodilation and consequent fall in peripheral resistance. This phenotype was associated with an increase in ANP together with an increase in AVP and sympathetic drive, which did not fully compensate the lower blood pressure (BP). Here we present the hemodynamic impact of long-term increase in tissue expression of an Ang-(1-7)-fusion protein and provide a new tool to investigate this peptide in different pathophysiological conditions.
Practical considerations for delivering on the sustainability promise of fermentation-based biomanufacturing
Authors: Lips David
Published: September 2021

Increasingly, bio-based products made via sugar-powered microbial cell factories and industrial fermentation are reaching the market and presenting themselves as sustainable alternatives to fossil and animal-based products. The sustainability potential of biotechnology, however, has been shown to come with trade-offs and cannot be taken for granted. Shared environmental impact hotspots have been identified across industrial fermentation-based products, including biomass production, energy consumption, and end-of-life fate. Based on both these patterns and our direct experience in preparing for the commercial-scale production of Brewed Protein™, we outline practical considerations for improving the sustainability performance of bio-based products made via industrial fermentation.
Conjugated enrichments in arsenic and antimony in marine deposits used as paleoenvironmental proxies: preliminary results
Authors: Tribovillard Nicolas
Published: September 2021

Two redox-sensitive metalloids, arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), are examined here to determine what can be their help in the deciphering of past depositional conditions. The enrichment factors of the two elements are compared for a set of geological formations and marine deposits covering a relatively wide range of paleoenvironmental settings, from oxic to euxinic conditions. This work confirms that As and Sb are not robust paleoredox proxies but examining their relative enrichment may be useful. These preliminary results indicate that a co-enrichment of both elements with Sb being more enriched than As could be the mark of the so-called particulate shuttle effect. Notably, Sb would be more sensitive to Mn-shuttling than As. If confirmed, this trend could be used to further identify the cause of As-enrichment in marine sediments impacted by cold seepage fluids.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of velocity field distribution in an oxy-coal combustor-melter-separator furnace
Authors: Shen Yao-zong , Zhao Kai , Kong Zheng , Zhang Yu-zhu , Shi Yan , Qi Yuan-hong
Published: September 2021

In view of the influence of tuyere layout change on velocity field in oxy-coal combustor-melter-separator furnace, three-dimensional numerical simulation method was used to compare the distribution of velocity field in the furnace under different tuyere layout. The purpose is to explore the influence of the velocity distribution on the molten pool flow in the process of multi-tuyere injection. It is shown that the maximum velocity of the upper and lower tuyeres is 60 m/s and 50 m/s. And the change of tuyere has a significant effect on the velocity distribution in the molten pool, and the sudden change of velocity near the tuyere will trigger a certain scale of gyratory zone. In addition, the change of tuyere arrangement will result in the concentration of velocity distribution in the molten pool and the increase of flow dead zone, while the change of tuyere spacing will not only promote the increase of flow dead zone, but also reduce the velocity distribution area.
Influence mechanism of large inclusion on wheel fatigue crack
Authors: Jin You-lin , Du Song-lin , Zhang Chao-jie
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the formation mechanism of wheel rim crack and control technique was investigated. Feature of wheel rim crack and aggregated attachments on the inner wall of nozzle were examined through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. Metal rheological test of round billet rolling was conducted to investigate the corresponding location of large inclusions in the round billet and in the wheel. It was found that the rim crack of wheels during service is caused by large inclusions that originated from the aggregated inclusions on the inner wall of the nozzle. According to Murakami’s modelling, the critical size of the inclusions that initiate cracks relates to the depth from the tread. The critical sizes of the inclusions for cracks initiation at 10 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm below the tread are about 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. Process optimization was made with combination of a series methods. Dispersed annular venting stopper was adopted to block the aggregation and attachment of inclusions on the inner wall of nozzle. Current and frequency of electromagnetic stirring in mold were increased to restrain the impact depth of molten steel flow and inclusions. Cooling intensity of the secondary cooling was decreased to reduce the probability of inclusions captured at the solidification front. After optimization, the number of large inclusions was greatly reduced by more than 80%, and the number of inclusions larger than 1 mm is greatly reduced from 35% to 8%. The risk of wheel rim cracks occurrence could be reduced greatly.
Before, During, and After the First Wave of COVID-19: Mortality Analyses Reveal Relevant Trends in Germany and its States until June 2020
Authors: Morfeld Peter , Timmermann Barbara , Groß J. Valérie , Lewis Philip , Erren Thomas C
Published: September 2021

Objective Well-established mortality ratio methodology can contribute to a fuller picture of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 burden of disease by revealing trends and informing mitigation strategies. This work examines respective data from Germany by way of example.

Methods Using monthly and weekly all-cause mortality data from January 2016 to June 2020 (published by the German Federal Statistical Institute) for all ages,<65 years and≥65 years, and specified for Germany’s federal states, we explored mortality as sequela of COVID-19. We analysed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing 2020 with 2016–2019 as reference years with a focus on trend detection.

Results In Germany as a whole, elevated mortality in April (most pronounced for Bavaria) declined in May. The states of Hamburg and Bremen had increased SMRs in all months under study. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, decreased SMRs in January turned monotonically to increased SMRs by June. Irrespective of age group, this trend was pronounced and significant.

Conclusions Increased SMRs in Hamburg and Bremen must be interpreted with caution because of potential upward distortions due to a “catchment bias”. A pronounced excess mortality in April across Germany was confirmed and a hitherto undetected trend of increasing SMRs for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania was revealed. To meet the pandemic challenge and to benefit from research based on data collected in standardized ways, national authorities should regularly conduct SMR analyses. For independent analyses, national authorities should also expedite publishing raw mortality and population data, including detailed information on age, sex, and cause of death, in the public domain.
Intraoperative Fractures of the Tibia and Femur in Knee Revision Surgery
Authors: Müller Michael , Kahl Uwe , von Roth Philipp , Hube Robert
Published: September 2021

Intra-operative fractures in knee revision surgery are relatively rare and have not been well studied. They may occur during joint exposition, removal of the prosthesis or cement, or implantation of trial or original components. The fractures affect both the metaphyseal area and diaphysis of the tibia and femur. Tibial fractures are slightly more common than femur fractures. On the femur, the medial condyle is most frequently affected, followed by the femur diaphysis. The use of non-cemented stems is associated with a greater risk of intra-operative diaphyseal fractures than that of cemented stems. Overall, women and patients with an osteopenic bone structure have a higher risk of fractures. It is common that fractures are diagnosed post-operatively. In these cases, conservative therapy may be successful, depending on the stability of the prosthesis and bones. The most common surgical fixation options are cerclages and screws, followed by stem extensions for bridging the
fracture. Plate fixation or use of strut grafts are also sensible therapy options. Overall, intraoperative fractures have a high healing potential with stable and good joint function. The revision rate is still 15%, which is most often caused by peri-prosthetic infection.
The Role of Delayed Radiotherapy Initiation in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma with Residual Tumor Mass
Authors: Kasper Johannes , Frydrychowicz Clara , Jähne Katja , Wende Tim , Wilhelmy Florian , Arlt Felix , Seidel Clemens , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Meixensberger Jürgen
Published: September 2021

Objective Treatment for newly diagnosed isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) includes maximum safe resection, followed by adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy (RCx) with temozolomide. There is evidence that it is safe for GBM patients to prolong time to irradiation over 4 weeks after surgery. This study aimed at evaluating whether this applies to GBM patients with different levels of residual tumor volume (RV).

Methods Medical records of all patients with newly diagnosed GBM at our department between 2014 and 2018 were reviewed. Patients who received adjuvant radio (chemo) therapy, aged older than 18 years, and with adequate perioperative imaging were included. Initial and residual tumor volumes were determined. Time to irradiation was dichotomized into two groups (≤28 and >28 days). Univariate analysis with Kaplan–Meier estimate and log-rank test was performed. Survival prediction and multivariate analysis were performed employing Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results One hundred and twelve patients were included. Adjuvant treatment regimen, extent of resection, residual tumor volume, and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation were statistically significant factors for overall survival (OS). Time to irradiation had no impact on progression-free survival (p = 0.946) or OS (p = 0.757). When stratified for different thresholds of residual tumor volume, survival predication via Cox regression favored time to irradiation below 28 days for patients with residual tumor volume above 2 mL, but statistical significance was not reached.

Conclusion Time to irradiation had no significant influence on OS of the entire cohort. Nevertheless, a statistically nonsignificant survival prolongation could be observed in patients with residual tumor volume > 2 mL when admitted to radiotherapy within 28 days after surgery.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is Involved in the Fibrotic Process in Denervated Muscles after Sciatic Nerve Trauma and Recovery
Authors: Goncharuk Oleksii , Savosko Serhii , Tykhomyrov Artem , Guzyk Mykhailo , Medvediev Volodymyr , Tsymbaliuk Vitaliy , Chaikovsky Yuri
Published: September 2021

Fibrosis of the injured muscles is a problem of recovery from trauma and denervation. The aim of the work was to investigate the interconnection of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (ММР-9) activity in denervated muscles with fibrosis and to estimate its role in nerve restoration by the epineurial suture, fibrin-based glue, and polyethylene glycol hydrogel. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases was estimated by gelatin zymography. Collagen density in muscles was determined histochemically. An increased level of the active MMP-9 is associated with the fibrous changes in the denervated skeletal muscles and after an epineurial suture. The use of fibrin glue and polyethylene glycol hydrogel resulted in a lower level of collagen and ММР-9 activity, which may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of neuromuscular lesions, and has value in fibrosis analysis following microsurgical intervention for peripheral nerve reconstruction.
Telemedicine Adoption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gaps and Inequalities
Authors: Luo Jake , Tong Ling , Crotty Bradley H. , Somai Melek , Taylor Bradley , Osinski Kristen , George Ben
Published: September 2021

Background The telemedicine industry has been experiencing fast growth in recent years. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) further accelerated the deployment and utilization of telemedicine services. An analysis of the socioeconomic characteristics of telemedicine users to understand potential socioeconomic gaps and disparities is critical for improving the adoption of telemedicine services among patients.

Objectives This study aims to measure the correlation of socioeconomic determinants with the use of telemedicine services in Milwaukee metropolitan area.

Methods Electronic health record review of patients using telemedicine services compared with those not using telemedicine services within an academic-community health system: patient demographics (e.g., age, gender, race, and ethnicity), insurance status, and socioeconomic determinants obtained through block-level census data in Milwaukee area. The telemedicine users were compared with all other patients using regression analysis. The telemedicine adoption rates were calculated across regional ZIP codes to analyze the geographic patterns of telemedicine adoption.

Results A total of 104,139 patients used telemedicine services during the study period. Patients who used video visits were younger (median age 48.12), more likely to be White (odds ratio [OR] 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–1.37), and have private insurance (OR 1.43; CI, 1.41–1.46); patients who used telephone visits were older (median age 57.58), more likely to be Black (OR 1.31; CI 1.28–1.35), and have public insurance (OR 1.30; CI 1.27–1.32). In general, Latino and Asian populations were less likely to use telemedicine; women used more telemedicine services in general than men. In the multiple regression analysis of social determinant factors across 126 ZIP codes, college education (coefficient 1.41, p = 0.01) had a strong correlation to video telemedicine adoption rate.

Conclusion Adoption of telemedicine services was significantly impacted by the social determinant factors of health, such as income, education level, race, and insurance type. The study reveals the potential inequities and disparities in telemedicine adoption.
Impact of Serum Amylase Level in the Outcome of Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning: 2-Year Cross-Sectional Study at Rural Teaching Hospital
Authors: Patil Aniket , Kumar Sunil , Inamdar Anil , Acharya Sourya , Wanjari Anil , Bawankule Shilpa , Agrawal Sachin , Sontakke Tushar
Published: September 2021

Introduction Prompt recognition and aggressive management of acute intoxication due to organophosphorus poisoning are essential to minimize the morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to know the prognosis and outcome of organophosphorus poisoning patients with the estimation of low-cost enzymes like the serum amylase level in a population with financial constraints.

Methods In this cross-sectional study, we had enrolled 100 cases that had a history of exposure to organophosphorus compounds, and the serum amylase level was measured in all the patients. We assessed the outcome of all the patients in the form of discharge, need of ventilators, intensive care unit stay, and death.

Results The mean serum amylase level in discharge patients was 335.40 ± 192.45, and in the patients who died it was 843.37 ± 22.60. It was significant to predict the outcome (t-value 7.07, p-value 0.0001, statistically significant).

Conclusion Serum amylase level shows significant correlation with clinical outcomes in organophosphorus poisoning.
Nuances of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Vascular Access in Hemodialysis
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Parag , Bindu Ameya
Published: September 2021

Background With rising incidence and increased life expectancy of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the number of patients requiring hemodialysis has increased substantially. Vascular access is the lifeline for a patient on hemodialysis (HD), and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the undisputed gold standard for HD access. An effective and long-lasting fistula serves to increase the life expectancy of ESRD patients and improves their quality of life.

Learning Objectives This paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of AVF creation, including the various techniques, patient selection, troubleshooting with decision-making, and common complications. Authors share their experience from previous publications and over 2000 AVF surgeries. They have not only described a new modification of the technique of proximal fistula but have also established a direct correlation between bruit and thrill on operation table and success of fistula surgery.

Conclusion A standardized, protocol-driven multidisciplinary approach with careful patient and site selection, guided by outcome predictors, is vital in AVF surgery. Knowledge about the potential complications of AVFs contributes to their timely detection and allows measures to be taken that might prevent deleterious consequences that range from loss of vascular access to serious morbidity and mortality.
Machine Learning for Detection of Correct Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Position from Radiology Reports in Infants
Authors: Shah Manan , Shu Derek , Prasath V. B. Surya , Ni Yizhao , Schapiro Andrew H. , Dufendach Kevin R.
Published: September 2021

Background In critically ill infants, the position of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) must be confirmed frequently, as the tip may move from its original position and run the risk of hyperosmolar vascular damage or extravasation into surrounding spaces. Automated detection of PICC tip position holds great promise for alerting bedside clinicians to noncentral PICCs.

Objectives This research seeks to use natural language processing (NLP) and supervised machine learning (ML) techniques to predict PICC tip position based primarily on text analysis of radiograph reports from infants with an upper extremity PICC.

Methods Radiographs, containing a PICC line in infants under 6 months of age, were manually classified into 12 anatomical locations based on the radiologist's textual report of the PICC line's tip. After categorization, we performed a 70/30 train/test split and benchmarked the performance of seven different (neural network, support vector machine, the naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, and K-nearest neighbors) supervised ML algorithms. After optimization, we calculated accuracy, precision, and recall of each algorithm's ability to correctly categorize the stated location of the PICC tip.

Results A total of 17,337 radiographs met criteria for inclusion and were labeled manually. Interrater agreement was 99.1%. Support vector machines and neural networks yielded accuracies as high as 98% in identifying PICC tips in central versus noncentral position (binary outcome) and accuracies as high as 95% when attempting to categorize the individual anatomical location (12-category outcome).

Conclusion Our study shows that ML classifiers can automatically extract the anatomical location of PICC tips from radiology reports. Two ML classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) and a neural network, obtained top accuracies in both binary and multiple category predictions. Implementing these algorithms in a neonatal intensive care unit as a clinical decision support system may help clinicians address PICC line position.
Politik: Bundestagswahl 2021 – Gesundheitspolitische Vorschau
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: September 2021

Am 26. September 2021 ist Bundestagswahl in Deutschland. Wir haben uns die Forderungen der aktuell im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien in Bezug auf die Gesundheitspolitik angeschaut. Was auf Kliniken und Gesundheitsunternehmen zukommen könnte, haben wir hier zusammengefasst.