bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing and managing medication overuse headache in Australian clinical practice
Authors: Wijeratne Tissa , Jenkins Bronwyn , Stark Richard J , Sun-Edelstein Christina
Published: May 2023

More than 3 million Australians are estimated to have migraine disorders, and over a quarter of a million Australians are estimated to have medication overuse headache (MOH). The personal, societal and economic burden of MOH is high. MOH impacts an individual’s ability to work or study, care for family or themselves, culminating in poor quality of life. Accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of MOH are imperative. Withdrawal failures and relapse rates are high in MOH.

Treatment of MOH is aimed at ceasing medication overuse and reducing monthly migraine days with the aim of achieving a pattern of well-controlled episodic migraine. Current treatment approaches in routine practice include withdrawal with preventive treatment, withdrawal with optional preventive treatment in the subsequent weeks and preventive treatment without withdrawal. This viewpoint article provides an overview of managing MOH in Australian clinical practice, with a focus on the importance of patient education and the role of preventive treatment in supporting patients as they withdraw from acute migraine medication(s).
Perceptions of healthcare providers and mothers on management and care of severely wasted children: a qualitative study in Karnataka, India
Authors: Manivannan Madhu Mitha , Vaz Manjulika , Swaminathan Sumathi
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To explore perceptions of healthcare providers and mothers of children with severe wasting on the perceived reasons for severe wasting, constraints on the management and barriers to caregiving and care-seeking practices.

Design

In-depth qualitative interviews conducted with healthcare providers and mothers of children with severe wasting.

Setting

Urban and rural locations in Karnataka state, India.

Participants

Healthcare providers (anganwadi workers, accredited social health activists, auxiliary nurse midwives, junior health assistant, medical officers, nutrition counsellors) from public healthcare centres and mothers of children with severe wasting.

Results

Forty-seven participants (27 healthcare providers, 20 mothers) were interviewed. Poverty of households emerged as the underlying systemic factor across all themes that interfered with sustained uptake of any intervention to address severe wasting. Confusion of ‘thinness’ and shortness of stature as hereditary factors appeared to normalise the condition of wasting. Management of this severe condition emerged as an interdependent phenomenon starting at the home level coupled with sociocultural factors to community intervention services with its supplemental nutrition programme and clinical monitoring with therapeutic interventions through an institutional stay at specialist referral centres. A single-pronged malnutrition alleviation strategy fails due to the complexity of the ground-level problems, as made apparent through respondents’ lived experiences. Social stigma, trust issues between caregivers and care-seekers and varying needs and priorities as well as overburdened frontline workers create challenges in communication and effectiveness of services resulting in perpetuation of severe wasting.

Conclusions

To ensure a continuum of care in children with severe wasting, economic and household constraints, coordinated policies across the multidimensional determinants of severe wasting need to be addressed. Context-specific interventions are necessary to bridge communication gaps between healthcare providers and caregivers.
Exploring the factors behind the shift in unwanted childbearing rate in Bangladesh between 2007 and 2017/2018: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Tasnim Jannatul
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study aimed at exploring the factors associated with the reduction in the proportion of women reporting unwanted births in Bangladesh between 2007 and 2017/2018.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional analysis of the data collected by the 2007 and 2017/2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys by using a two-stage stratified sampling covering the entire population in Bangladesh.

Participants

Our analysis included 4810 (2007) and 7403 (2017/2018) weighted ever-married women aged 15–49 years reporting at least one birth in the 5 years preceding each of the surveys.

Results

The proportion of women reporting unwanted births declined by 26.2% between 2007 and 2017/2018. Overall changes in women’s behaviour and their proportions with distinct characteristics explained 66.2% (0.051 points decrease, 95% CI −0.071 to –0.031, p<0.001) and 45.5% (0.035 points decrease, 95% CI −0.051 to –0.019, p<0.001) of the overall reduction in the proportion reporting unwanted births, respectively. Behavioural changes among those being visited by family planning (FP) workers (0.004 points decrease, 95% CI −0.008 to –0.000, p=0.047), having complete secondary education or higher (0.009 points decrease, 95% CI −0.016 to –0.003, p=0.002), and earning in kind (0.002 points decrease, 95% CI −0.005 to –0.000, p=0.035) were associated with a reduction in unwanted childbearing. Increases in the proportions of women married at age 18 or older (0.008 points decrease, 95% CI −0.010 to –0.005, p<0.001), and having some secondary education (0.013 points decrease, 95% CI −0.019 to –0.008, p<0.001) were negatively associated with unwanted childbearing. Conversely, an increase in the proportion expressing preference for a balanced sex composition of the family was positively associated with unwanted childbearing (0.013 points increase, 95% CI 0.008 to 0.017, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Women’s behavioural changes driven by the FP programmes and other external factors, and changes in their characteristics, could reduce the incidence of unwanted childbearing in Bangladesh, and thereby contribute to improvements in maternal health.
Association between matched chronotype and poor mental health among shift workers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Beixi , Liao Gengze , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Huss Anke , Ma Yuen Ting Julie , Chan Joey Wing-Yan , Wing Yun Kwok , Tse Lap Ah
Published: May 2023

Background

Nearly 0.7 billion workers are involved in the shift work system, leading to concerns about its potential impacts on the large-scale population mental health. This study aimed to synthesise evidence of the associations between matched chronotype and the risk of poor mental health among shift workers.

Methods

Six computerised databases were searched from inception to September 2022. Observational studies were selected if they reported any association between common mental health parameters and chronotype scores/types of shift workers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses checklist was followed. We extracted adjusted risk estimates to calculate pooled effect sizes and explore sources of heterogeneity. The study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022357437.

Results

Fourteen studies including 49 909 workers were identified. Ever shift workers had a higher risk of poor mental health than the day workers (pooled OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28; I2=14%, p=0.29), with the evening chronotype ever shift workers having a 1.47 times higher risk than those who worked during the day (pooled OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91; I2=42%, p=0.16). Sensitivity analysis excluding studies with the highest risk of bias of each group demonstrated consistent findings.

Conclusions

Evening chronotype ever shift workers have poorer mental health than shift workers with other chronotypes. Chronotype remains unrecognised in the contemporary rostering system, making it a hidden contributor to occupational mental health. Work-related physical and mental stresses may be prevented/mitigated with further investigation on optimising shift work schedule combined with individual chronotype preference.
Excess mortality among essential workers in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated analysis
Authors: Matz Melissa , Rhodes Sarah , Tongeren Martie Van , Coleman Michel P , Allemani Claudia , Nafilyan Vahe , Pearce Neil
Published: May 2023

Background

Excess mortality from all causes combined during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales in 2020 was predominantly higher for essential workers. In 2021, the vaccination programme had begun, new SARS-CoV-2 variants were identified and different policy approaches were used. We have updated our previous analyses of excess mortality in England and Wales to include trends in excess mortality by occupation for 2021.

Methods

We estimated excess mortality for working age adults living in England and Wales by occupational group for each month in 2021 and for the year as a whole.

Results

During 2021, excess mortality remained higher for most groups of essential workers than for non-essential workers. It peaked in January 2021 when all-cause mortality was 44.6% higher than expected for all occupational groups combined. Excess mortality was highest for adults working in social care (86.9% higher than expected).

Conclusion

Previously, we reported excess mortality in 2020, with this paper providing an update to include 2021 data. Excess mortality was predominantly higher for essential workers during 2021. However, unlike the first year of the pandemic, when healthcare workers experienced the highest mortality, the highest excess mortality during 2021 was experienced by social care workers.
Remission of lupus nephritis: the trajectory of histological response in successfully treated patients
Authors: Malvar Ana , Alberton Valeria , Lococo Bruno , Lourenco Maria , Martinez Joaquin , Burna Lucrecia , Besso Celeste , Navarro Jordi , Nagaraja Haikady N , Khatiwada Aastha , Wolf Bethany , Rovin Brad
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study investigated changes in kidney histology over time in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment.

Methods

Patients with proliferative±membranous LN were studied. After a diagnostic kidney biopsy (Bx1), patients had protocol biopsy 2 (Bx2) at 9 (6–15) months and protocol biopsy 3 (Bx3) at 42 (28–67) months. Kidney histological activity and chronicity indices (AI, CI) were measured.

Results

AI declined in a biphasic fashion, falling rapidly between Bx1 and Bx2 and then more slowly between Bx2 and Bx3. Patients were divided into those who achieved histological remission, defined as an AI=0 at Bx3 (group 1), and those with persistent histological activity (AI >0) at Bx3 (group 2). The early decline in AI was 1.6 times greater (95% CI 1.30, 1.91) in group 1 than group 2 (p=0.01). Between Bx2 and Bx3, the AI decline was 2.19-fold greater (95% CI 2.09, 2.29) in group 1 versus group 2 (p=7.34×10−5). Individual histological components of the AI resolved at different rates. Inflammatory lesions like glomerular crescents, karyorrhexis and necrosis mostly resolved by Bx2, whereas endocapillary hypercellularity, subendothelial hyaline deposits and interstitial inflammation resolved slowly, accounting for residual histological activity at biopsy 3 in group 2. In contrast, CI increased rapidly, by 0.15 units/month between Bx1 and Bx2, then plateaued. There were no differences in the rate of accumulation of chronic damage between group 1 and group 2. The increase in CI was significantly related to the severity of glomerular crescents (p=0.044), subendothelial hyaline deposits (p=0.002) and interstitial inflammation (p=0.015) at Bx1.

Conclusions

LN histological activity takes months to years to resolve, providing a rationale for the need of long-term, well-tolerated maintenance immunosuppression. Despite responding, LN kidneys accrue chronic damage early during treatment. This finding provides an explanation for the association of chronic progressive kidney disease with recurrent episodes of LN.
Preliminary assessment of the ectomycorrhizal fungi ofQuercus garryanaon Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Berch Shannon M. , Witte Thomas E. , Tanney Joey B.
Published: May 2023

Garry oak ( Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook.) is the only oak native to British Columbia (BC), where it occupies the northernmost extent of its range. The ecosystem it occupies in BC has been greatly reduced in size and fragmented by European settlement. Garry oak forms ectomycorrhizas that are essential to its existence and will likely play an important role in the response of this tree to climate change. Yet, relatively little is known about the ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Garry oak in BC. In this study, we have documented the occurrence of fungi forming ectomycorrhizas with Garry oak at six locations on Vancouver Island by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of ectomycorrhizal root tips collected from Garry oak stands. Of the 47 species we detected, only about 20% can be confidently assigned to known species because not all species have been sequenced and many sequences in public databases are incorrectly or incompletely identified, but the majority of them belong to a community of fungi associated primarily with oaks or other members of Fagaceae. The uniqueness of this community of ectomycorrhizal fungi indicates that the possible expansion of the range of Garry oak in BC in response to climate change may be limited by the co-migration of its ectomycorrhizal fungi.
A science and management partnership to restore coregonine diversity to the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Bunnell David B. , Ackiss Amanda S. , Alofs Karen M. , Brant Cory O. , Bronte Charles R. , Claramunt Randall M. , Dettmers John M. , Honsey Andrew E. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Muir Andrew M. , Santucci Victor J. , Smith David R. , Strach Russell M. , Sweka John A. , Weidel Brian C. , Mattes William P. , Newman Kurt R.
Published: May 2023

Similar to many freshwater ecosystems, the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America have undergone numerous anthropogenic stressors resulting in considerable loss of biodiversity and habitat. Among Great Lakes fishes, the coregonine sub-family has endured the most extensive declines, including extinction of several species ( Coregonus johannae, C. alpenae, and C. kiyi orientalis) and at least 10 instances of local extirpations of other species ( C. nigripinnis, C. reighardi, C. zenithicus, C. hoyi, and C. artedi) across all 5 lakes, much of which occurred prior to the 1960s owing to overfishing, interactions with non-indigenous species, and habitat loss. Despite these declines, no federal-, provincial-, or state-mandated actions were ever implemented to conserve coregonine diversity, potentially because so much of the coregonine declines occurred prior to the enactment of federal conservation legislation. Possible explanations for inaction since enactment of that legislation include insufficient data on biological vulnerability or threats, unresolved taxonomy, and limited support from the fishery management agencies and their stakeholders prior to the 2000s. In recent decades, however, several fishery management agencies have undertaken efforts to re-introduce coregonine diversity. These efforts helped lead to development of a science-based framework to restore coregonines that was universally endorsed by fishery managers representing eight U.S. states, four U.S. tribal organizations, and the province of ON, Canada, in May 2018. The basin-wide framework is based on principles of conservation biology and adaptive management. We describe details of its key steps, including planning, restoring, and evaluating, while also describing recent implementation efforts to develop methods, improve available resources, and enhance coordination across the basin. Although our paper describes a regional effort to restore native coregonines, our adaptive-management approach could be used by other multi-agency stakeholders seeking to conserve or restore native fishes.
Excesses in the low-mass Higgs-boson search and the $$\varvec{W}$$-boson mass measurement
Authors: Biekötter T. , Heinemeyer S. , Weiglein G.
Published: May 2023

The CDF collaboration recently reported a measurement of the W-boson mass $$M_W$$

M
W

whose value shows a large upward deviation from the Standard Model (SM) prediction. The question arises whether such large values of $$M_W$$

M
W

could be accommodated in extensions of the SM without violating other constraints and which phenomenological consequences this would have. A different type of deviation from the SM has been observed experimentally in the searches for light Higgs bosons. CMS has observed two excesses with a local significance of about $$3\,\sigma $$

3

σ

in the $$\gamma \gamma $$

γ
γ

and $$\tau ^+\tau ^-$$

τ
+

τ
-

final states for a hypothetical Higgs-boson mass of approximately 95 GeV. These two excesses are compatible with the corresponding ATLAS limits. Earlier an excess was also observed in the Higgs-boson searches at LEP in the $$b {\bar{b}}$$

b

b

¯

final state at the local $$2\,\sigma $$

2

σ

confidence level at about the same mass. It was shown recently that the three excesses can be accommodated in a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model that is extended with a real singlet (N2HDM) of Yukawa type IV, while being in agreement with all other theoretical and experimental constraints. We demonstrate here that the region of the parameter space that describes the three excesses can also give rise to a large contribution to $$M_W$$

M
W

in agreement with the recent CDF measurement. We discuss further phenomenological consequences of this scenario.
Spin-orbital correlations in the two-orbital Hubbard model
Authors: Romano Alfonso , Guerra Delia , Forte Filomena , Noce Canio
Published: May 2023

We use exact diagonalization results to investigate how the ground state of a two-site, two-orbital Hubbard model evolves in terms of the crystal field energy and a magnetic spin symmetry breaking field. We show that, based on the behavior of a properly defined composite spin-orbital correlation function, the different regions of the related phase diagrams can be classified according to the extent to which spin and orbital degrees of freedom turn out to be correlated.
Reconfiguration of Hamiltonian Cycles in Rectangular Grid Graphs
Authors: Nishat Rahnuma Islam , Whitesides Sue
Published: May 2023

We study reconfiguration of simple Hamiltonian cycles in a rectangular grid graph [Formula: see text], where the Hamiltonian cycle in each step of the reconfiguration connects every internal vertex of [Formula: see text] to a boundary vertex by a single straight line segment. We introduce two operations, flip and transpose, which are local to the grid. We show that any simple cycle of [Formula: see text] can be reconfigured to any other simple cycle of [Formula: see text] using [Formula: see text] flip and transpose operations. Our result proves that the simple Hamiltonian cycle graph [Formula: see text] is connected with respect to those two operations and has diameter [Formula: see text].
Identification of mitochondrial proteins associated with cyanine 5 using a combination of affinity-based photocrosslinking with bio-orthogonal supramolecular latching
Authors: Sim Jaehwan , Li Meng , Park Kyeng Min , Kim Kimoon
Published: May 2023

Visualization of mitochondria with cyanine dyes has been exploited to study the functions of mitochondria. However, proteins interacting with cyanine dyes have not been investigated clearly. Here, we report a chemical proteomics approach for the identification of mitochondrial proteins associated with cyanine dyes. This approach uses affinity-based photocrosslinking of Cy5-diazirine-alkyne (Cy5-DAyne) in combination with selective enrichment of target proteins by bio-orthogonal supramolecular latching based on unique host-guest interaction between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and its selected guest such as adamantylammonium (AdA). The enriched proteins then were analyzed using LC–MS/MS to provide a list of proteins closely associated with the Cy5 motif. This study suggests that the proteomic environment around the Cy5 motif is highly associated with energy production processes, including the respiratory chain, ATP synthesis, and fatty acid oxidization. Moreover, it demonstrates the potential of this chemical proteomic approach for the investigation of other organellar proteins using different selective dyes.
Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Human-robot Interaction: A Survey and Virtual Design Element Taxonomy
Authors: Walker Michael , Phung Thao , Chakraborti Tathagata , Williams Tom , Szafir Daniel
Published: May 2023

Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Human-Robot Interaction (VAM-HRI) has been gaining considerable attention in HRI research in recent years. However, the HRI community lacks a set of shared terminology and framework for characterizing aspects of mixed reality interfaces, presenting serious problems for future research. Therefore, it is important to have a common set of terms and concepts that can be used to precisely describe and organize the diverse array of work being done within the field. In this article, we present a novel taxonomic framework for different types of VAM-HRI interfaces, composed of four main categories of virtual design elements (VDEs). We present and justify our taxonomy and explain how its elements have been developed over the past 30 years as well as the current directions VAM-HRI is headed in the coming decade.
Cache Programming for Scientific Loops Using Leases
Authors: Reber Benjamin , Gould Matthew , Kneipp Alexander H. , Liu Fangzhou , Prechtl Ian , Ding Chen , Chen Linlin , Patru Dorin
Published: May 2023

Cache management is important in exploiting locality and reducing data movement. This article studies a new type of programmable cache called the lease cache. By assigning leases, software exerts the primary control on when and how long data stays in the cache. Previous work has shown an optimal solution for an ideal lease cache.

This article develops and evaluates a set of practical solutions for a physical lease cache emulated in FPGA with the full suite of PolyBench benchmarks. Compared to automatic caching, lease programming can further reduce data movement by 10% to over 60% when the data size is 16 times to 3,000 times the cache size, and the techniques in this article realize over 80% of this potential. Moreover, lease programming can reduce data movement by another 0.8% to 20% after polyhedral locality optimization.
Methodical Systematic Review of Abstractive Summarization and Natural Language Processing Models for Biomedical Health Informatics: Approaches, Metrics and Challenges
Authors: Katwe Praveen Kumar , Khamparia Aditya , Gupta Deepak , Dutta Ashit Kumar
Published: May 2023

Text summarization tasks are primarily very useful for decision support systems and provide a source for useful data for training of bots as they can reduce and retain the useful information from the large corpus. This review article is for studying the literature that already exists in context of abstractive summarization and application of NLP language models in biomedical and associated healthcare applications. In past decade with trends like bigdata, IOT, enormous amount of data is getting processed in all structured, unstructured and semi structured formats. This review provides a comprehensive literature survey in research trends for abstractive summarization, foundations of machine translation and evolution of language models. This review identifies the potential of language model to provide a possible methodology for improving the performance and accuracy of various tasks in summarization. Deep neural network-based language models have now been the widely accepted state of art for various abstractive summarization and there exists an enormous scope to improvise and tune the language models for domain specific use case. This study shows current systems lack in faithfulness to original content and control of degree of hallucination. This review also details on the evaluation criteria and need for automated metrics and attempts to provide guideline for evaluation for abstractive summarization for health informatics.
Atomic Hydrogen in the Milky Way: A Stepping Stone in the Evolution of Galaxies
Authors: McClure-Griffiths Naomi M. , Stanimirović Snežana , Rybarczyk Daniel R.
Published: May 2023

Atomic hydrogen (Hi) is a critical stepping stone in the gas evolution cycle of the interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way. Hi traces both the cold, premolecular state before star formation and the warm, diffuse ISM before and after star formation. This review describes new, sensitive Hi absorption and emission surveys, which, together with high angular and spectral resolution Hi emission data, have revealed the physical properties of Hi, its structure, and its association with magnetic fields. We give an overview of the Hi phases and discuss how Hi properties depend on the environment and what its structure can tell us about feedback in the ISM. Key findings include the following:
▪The mass fraction of the cold neutral medium is ≲40% on average, increasing with A
V due to the increase of mean gas density.▪The cold disk extends to at least R ∼ 25 kpc.▪Approximately 40% of the Hi is warm, with structural characteristics that derive from feedback events.▪Cold Hi is highly filamentary, whereas warm Hi is more smoothly distributed.
We summarize future observational and simulation opportunities that can be used to unravel the 3D structure of the atomic ISM and the effects of heating and cooling on Hi properties.
The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation
Authors: Gabriel Travis S.J. , Cambioni Saverio
Published: May 2023

Planets are expected to conclude their growth through a series of giant impacts: energetic, global events that significantly alter planetary composition and evolution. Computer models and theory have elucidated the diverse outcomes of giant impacts in detail, improving our ability to interpret collision conditions from observations of their remnants. However, many open questions remain, as even the formation of the Moon—a widely suspected giant-impact product for which we have the most information—is still debated. We review giant-impact theory, the diverse nature of giant-impact outcomes, and the governing physical processes. We discuss the importance of computer simulations, informed by experiments, for accurately modeling the impact process. Finally, we outline how the application of probability theory and computational advancements can assist in inferring collision histories from observations, and we identify promising opportunities for advancing giant-impact theory in the future.
▪Giant impacts exhibit diverse possible outcomes leading to changes in planetary mass, composition, and thermal history depending on the conditions.▪Improvements to computer simulation methodologies and new laboratory experiments provide critical insights into the detailed outcomes of giant impacts.▪When colliding planets are similar in size, they can merge or escape one another with roughly equal probability, but with different effects on their resulting masses, densities, and orbits.▪Different sequences of giant impacts can produce similar planets, encouraging the use of probability theory to evaluate distinct formation hypothesis.
Federated Analysis for Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing: A Technical and Legal Primer
Authors: Casaletto James , Bernier Alexander , McDougall Robyn , Cline Melissa S.
Published: May 2023

Continued advances in precision medicine rely on the widespread sharing of data that relate human genetic variation to disease. However, data sharing is severely limited by legal, regulatory, and ethical restrictions that safeguard patient privacy. Federated analysis addresses this problem by transferring the code to the data—providing the technical and legal capability to analyze the data within their secure home environment rather than transferring the data to another institution for analysis. This allows researchers to gain new insights from data that cannot be moved, while respecting patient privacy and the data stewards’ legal obligations. Because federated analysis is a technical solution to the legal challenges inherent in data sharing, the technology and policy implications must be evaluated together. Here, we summarize the technical approaches to federated analysis and provide a legal analysis of their policy implications.
Assessing and Monitoring Nutrition Security to Promote Healthy Dietary Intake and Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Seligman Hilary K. , Levi Ronli , Adebiyi Victoria O. , Coleman-Jensen Alisha , Guthrie Joanne F. , Frongillo Edward A.
Published: May 2023

The US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service leads the federal government in data development and research on food security in US households. Nutrition security is an emerging concept that, although closely related, is distinct from food security. No standard conceptualization or measure of nutrition security currently exists. We review the existing research on nutrition security and how it is informed by the more robust literature on food security and diet quality. Based on this review, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding nutrition security and its relationship to food security. We identify two constructs (healthy diets and nutritional status) and multiple subconstructs that form the basis of nutrition security. The proposed framework and corresponding constructs are intended to provide ( a) understanding of how nutrition security arises and how it differs from food security, ( b) background on why assessment and monitoring of nutrition security is important, and ( c) guidance for a research agenda that will further clarify the meaning of nutrition security and its measurement.
The Plant Ubiquitin–Proteasome System as a Target for Microbial Manipulation
Authors: Langin Gautier , González-Fuente Manuel , Üstün Suayib
Published: May 2023

The plant immune system perceives pathogens to trigger defense responses. In turn, pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert these defense responses. The initiation and maintenance of defense responses involve not only de novo synthesis of regulatory proteins and enzymes but also their regulated degradation. The latter is achieved through protein degradation pathways such as the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The UPS regulates all stages of immunity, from the perception of the pathogen to the execution of the response, and, therefore, constitutes an ideal candidate for microbial manipulation of the host. Pathogen effector molecules interfere with the plant UPS through several mechanisms. This includes hijacking general UPS functions or perturbing its ability to degrade specific targets. In this review, we describe how the UPS regulates different immunity-related processes and how pathogens subvert this to promote disease.
Disparities in Eye Care Access and Utilization: A Narrative Review
Authors: Andoh Joana E. , Ezekwesili Agnes C. , Nwanyanwu Kristen , Elam Angela
Published: May 2023

This narrative review summarizes the literature on factors related to eye care access and utilization in the United States. Using the Healthy People 2030 framework, this review investigates social determinants of health associated with general and follow-up engagement, screenings, diagnostic visits, treatment, technology, and teleophthalmology. We provide hypotheses for these documented eye care disparities, featuring qualitative, patient-centered research. Lastly, we provide recommendations in the hopes of appropriately eliminating these disparities and reimagining eye care.
Hematopoietic 12/15-lipoxygenase activity negatively contributes to fungal-associated allergic asthma
Authors: Makullah Mgayya , Ellis Diandra A. , Jones MaryJane , Steele Chad
Published: May 2023

Humans with asthma sensitized to fungi often have more severe asthma than those who are not sensitized to fungi. Products of arachidonic acid generated via 5-lipoxygenase are often elevated in severe asthma and are successful FDA-approved drug targets. Less understood is the role of products generated via 12/15-lipoxygenase. We demonstrate that 12/15-lipoxygenase expression in hematopoietic cells contributes to type 1 and 2 responses and impaired lung function during allergic fungal asthma.
An rRNA fragment in extracellular vesicles secreted by human airway epithelial cells increases the fluoroquinolone sensitivity of P. aeruginosa
Authors: Koeppen Katja , Hampton Thomas H. , Barnaby Roxanna , Roche Carolyn , Gerber Scott A. , Goo Young Ah , Cho Byoung-Kyu , Vermilyea Danielle M. , Hogan Deborah A. , Stanton Bruce A.
Published: May 2023

Human RNA fragments transported in extracellular vesicles interfere with Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug efflux pumps. A combination of rRNA fragments and ciprofloxacin packaged in nanoparticles or EVs may benefit patients with antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.
Rare Halophilic Nocardiopsis from Algerian Saharan Soils as Tools for Biotechnological Processes in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Boudjelal Farida , Zitouni Abdelghani , Bouras Noureddine , Spröer Cathrin , Klenk Hans-Peter , Smaoui Slim , Mathieu Florence
Published: May 2023

The Sahara Desert, one of the most extreme ecosystems in the planet, constitutes an unexplored source of microorganisms such as mycelial bacteria. In this study, we investigated the diversity of halophilic actinobacteria in soils collected from five regions of the Algerian Sahara. A total of 23 halophilic actinobacterial strains were isolated by using a humic‐vitamin agar medium supplemented with 10% NaCl. The isolated halophilic strains were subjected to taxonomic analysis using a polyphasic approach, which included morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological (numerical taxonomy), and phylogenetic analyses. The isolates showed abundant growth in CMA (complex medium agar) and TSA (tryptic soy agar) media containing 10% NaCl, and chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with their assignment to the genus Nocardiopsis. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of 23 isolates showed five distinct clusters and a similarity level ranging between 98.4% and 99.8% within the Nocardiopsis species. Comparison of their physiological characteristics with the nearest species showed significant differences with the closely related species. Halophilic Nocardiopsis isolated from Algerian Sahara soil represents a distinct phyletic line suggesting a potential new species. Furthermore, the isolated strains of halophilic Nocardiopsis were screened for their antagonistic properties against a broad spectrum of microorganisms by the conventional agar method (agar cylinders method) and found to have the capacity to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Except one isolate (AH37), all isolated Nocardiopsis showed moderate to high biological activities against Pseudomonas syringae and Salmonella enterica, and some isolates showed activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, no isolates were active against Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus flavus, or Aspergillus niger. The obtained finding implies that the unexplored extreme environments such as the Sahara contain many new bacterial species as a novel drug source for medical and industrial applications.
Multimode Consecutively Connected Piston-Type Cylindrical Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Rotational Energy Harvesting and Sensing Application
Authors: Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Patnam Harishkumarreddy , Manchi Punnarao , Yu Jae Su
Published: May 2023

A 3D-printed multicoupled piston-type cylindrical triboelectric nanogenerator (MPC-TENG) that utilizes contact-separation and lateral-sliding operational modes to harvest rotational motion and convert it into electricity was proposed. The electrical performances of the fabricated four similar piston-type cylindrical TENGs (PC-TENGs) were systematically investigated. TENGs in general produce electricity in an alternating-signal form which may not be used to directly power electronic devices. Therefore, all the individual PC-TENGs were connected with a simple external filter circuit to obtain direct current (DC) electrical output, and further, they were parallelly connected to increase the overall electrical output from the MPC-TENG. The MPC-TENG consists of four PC-TENGs and produces a DC electrical output of ~40 V and ~12.5 μA at 380 rpm. Furthermore, the MPC-TENG was attached to wind cups to harvest wind energy and a Pilton wheel to harvest hydrokinetic energy, respectively. The harvested energy was stored in energy storage devices to power various small-scale electronic gadgets. Furthermore, a real-time self-sustaining alarm combined with the MPC-TENG was demonstrated to detect unauthorized human/wild animal entry into a protected region. This work also shows that the DC electrical signals from the proposed MPC-TENG can be further increased by combining more PC-TENG devices.
A High Gain Vivaldi Antenna with Multiple Near-Field Dielectric Lenses and Grooved Edges
Authors: Ding Manlai , Wang Xuemei , Wang YinShen , Hu Zhiwei , Liu Gang , Liu Ziyan , Wang Bingnan
Published: May 2023

In order to expand the applications of the traditional Vivaldi antenna by addressing the low gain of the traditional Vivaldi antenna, this paper combines the phase distribution of the Vivaldi antenna aperture based on the analysis of the transmission characteristics of a dielectric unit by utilizing the advantages of artificial electromagnetic material. A more reasonable method of loading a dielectric lens is proposed and utilized in combination with edge grooving. A comparison of the results shows that the antenna operates in the frequency range of 4 to 16 GHz. The low-frequency boost is approximately 3 dB, and the high-frequency boost is approximately 9.6 dB.
Probabilistic Optimal Active and Reactive Power Dispatch including Load and Wind Uncertainties considering Correlation
Authors: Shaik Mahmmadsufiyan , Gaonkar Dattatraya N. , Nuvvula Ramakrishna S. S. , Kumar Polamarasetty P. , Khan Baseem
Published: May 2023

The increased integration of renewable energies (REs) raised the uncertainties of power systems and has changed the approach to dealing with power system challenges. Hence, the uncertain nature of all the power system variables needs to be considered while dealing with the optimal planning and operation of modern power systems. This paper presents a probabilistic optimal active and reactive power dispatch (POARPD) based on the point estimate method (PEM), considering the uncertainties associated with load variation and wind power generation. In the POARPD, the deterministic optimal active and reactive power dispatch (OARPD) is performed in two stages, which gives a deterministic two-stage OARPD (TSOARPD). The objectives of TSOARPD are the operating cost (OC) minimization in stage 1 and voltage stability (VS) maximization in stage 2, whereas the VS is improved by maximizing the system’s reactive power reserve (RPR). In this paper, instead of using multiobjective optimal power flow, this TSOARPD is used to give more importance to VS when the system is substantially loaded. The POARPD problem is solved using PEM for modified IEEE-9 bus and standard IEEE-30 bus test systems by considering the correlation between the loads. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). While solving POARPD, the voltage-dependent load model is used to account for the real-time voltage dependency of power system loads. This paper discusses the detailed procedure of solving POARPD by considering correlation and the increased nonlinearities by giving more importance to VS when the system is heavily loaded.
Performance Analysis of Compression Ignition Engines Using Emulsion Fuel Blended with Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Sivaram A. R. , Prabhu N. , Praveen Kumar R. , Navaneethakrishnan G. , Palanisamy R. , AboRas Kareem M. , Bajaj Mohit , Djidimbele Repele , Dieudonné Kidmo Kaoga , Vinodhan V. Leela
Published: May 2023

One of the excellent choices for compression ignition engines is emulsions. The current experimental analysis deals with transesterified Pongamia biodiesel. This work gives a substantial track to synthesize and to enhance fuel by including aluminium oxide nanoparticles. Emulsification is used to prepare fuel consisting of 88% of Pongamia biodiesel, 10% water, and 2% surfactants with series chemical emulsification techniques. This is then mixed with the ratio of 50 ppm and 100 ppm by mass with aluminium oxide nanoparticles by employing ultrasonication techniques. This work is carried out on compression ignition engines in different phases using biodiesel, nanoparticles, surfactants, and water. It was inferred from the results that there was a considerable enhancement in performance and decrease in emission when compared with diesel. It is found that the system exhibited 15% improvement in brake thermal efficiency and 45% reduction in oxides of nitrogen. The system exhibited considerable improvement in performance and reduction in emission.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Liquid Metal Thermal Convection Affected by the Seebeck Effect and Magnetic Field
Authors: Chen Zhao-Qi , Wang Zeng-Hui , Chen Long
Published: May 2023

In the fusion reactor, the conducting liquid metals usually work in an environment of large temperature differences and strong magnetic field. The flow driven by the interaction of the Seebeck effect and magnetic field enlightens a promising approach to enhance heat transfer under strong magnetic field. Liquid metal thermal convection affected by the Seebeck effect and magnetic field is simulated using the partitioned iteration algorithm with liquid lithium as working fluid. It is found that the Seebeck effect can change energy transport pattern and greatly improve the heat transfer efficiency under strong magnetic field. With the increase of magnetic field intensity, the flow changes from steady vertical circulation to unsteady horizontal circulation and finally to steady horizontal circulation. The flow regime diagram based on the two dimensionless parameters,

Gr
/
Te

and

Ha

2

/

Te

, can reflect the characteristics of different energy transport patterns. The flow generated by the Seebeck effect is most remarkable when

O

Ha

2

/

Te

≈
1

. The Nusselt numbers at different flow regimes show that the Seebeck effect can enhance the heat transfer efficiency of liquid metal under strong magnetic field about 50% and 90%, respectively, under different Glashof numbers.
Impact of Different Drying Techniques on Neem Seeds Drying Kinetics and Oil Quality
Authors: Kishore S. Ganga , Rajkumar P. , Sudha P. , Deepa J. , Subramanian P. , Gitanjali J. , Pandiselvam R.
Published: May 2023

Neem oil is a promising alternative for synthetic chemicals in food preservation and an active functional agent in food packaging. Drying studies were conducted on neem seeds using different drying methods, and the oil yield profile and nutritional content such as azadirachtin content, functional groups, and elemental composition were analysed. Tray drying at 60°C showed a faster drying rate with a minimum quality of the oil. The process parameters were statistically optimized by analysing the effect of drying methods and thickness (15 and 30 mm) on azadirachtin content and oil yield. Maximum oil yield and azadirachtin content of 42.1 and 0.053% were obtained in solar drying with 15 mm bed thickness. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that there is no change in the functional group when the neem seeds were dried, and the peak absorption wavenumber confirmed the presence of O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-O stretching, C-H bending, O-H bending, C=O stretching, and N-H stretching. Sun- and solar-dried neem seeds showed maximum retention in elemental composition when compared to the tray-drying method.
Chemical Investigation and Separation of Chromium from Chrome Cake of BSCIC Tannery Industrial Estate at Hemayetpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Mondal Ajoy Kanti , Uddin Md. Tushar , Razzaq Md. Abdur , Chowdhury Murshid Jaman , Saha Madhu Sudan
Published: May 2023

Leather tanning mainly depends on chrome tanning. A huge amount of basic chromium sulfate (BCS) is used in leather tanning. About 60–70% of BCS has been taken by leather and the rest of the amount is discharged as effluent and solid waste. In the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) of BSCIC Tannery Industrial Estate (Hemayetpur, Savar, Dhaka), the effluent which contained a high concentration of chromium is precipitated as solid chromium hydroxide with other elements which is called a chrome cake. Chrome cake is not exposed directly in the open space due to its toxic effect on human health as well as the environment. Human occupational experience distinctly indicates that, when inhaled, chromium compounds are respiratory tract irritants, resulting in airway irritation, airway obstruction, and lung, nasal, or sinus cancer. It is strongly suggested to extract Cr from the chrome cake before dumping it; otherwise, it will be a potential hazard to the environment. Herein, the chrome cake is characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-visible spectrophotometer, etc., and develops a method to separate chromium from chrome cake. ICP-OES and XRF analyses show that the total chromium contained in chrome cake is ∼17.45% and 20.7%, respectively. UV-visible spectrophotometer indicates that ∼0.04% of chromium is hexavalent. Afterward, chromium has been separated by using H2SO4 where the optimized concentration was found to be 7%. The separation efficiency of chromium from the chrome cake for optimized condition is obtained at ∼95%.
Effect of Wrapping on Post-Tensioned Beams Strengthened with Natural Sisal and Jute FRP Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Archana D. P. , Reddy H. N. Jagannatha , Prabhakar R. , Aswath M. U. , Paruti Basavaraju
Published: May 2023

Existing buildings are retrofitted to formulate them to be more resistant to seismic activity, earth motion, and other natural disasters. Many available reinforced concrete buildings across the globe are in desperate need of rehabilitation, repair, or replacement owing to degradation caused by a variety of reasons such as corrosion, lack of detailing, and failure of beam-column bonding, among others. In the construction sector, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been recognized as a potential option for repairing and increasing the strength of existing structures. In this study, comparisons are done in terms of load bearing capability of the beams for configurations between FE model predictions and field data (experimental). To assess the FRP retrofit, structural responses for strengthened and control post tensioned concrete (PTC) beams are compared, with strengthening using various wrapping methods. The load bearing capacities of the beams retrofitted with sisal and jute fibre employing strip and full wrapping procedures around all four sides is increased by 35.55 percent and 42.85 percent for sisal FRP and 7.14 percent and 12.01 percent for jute FRP, respectively, as compared to the control specimen. The FRP retrofit model is expected to result in a considerable increase in structural performance.