bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Coaxial Flow Calorimeter for Accurate RF Power Measurements up to 100 Watts and 1 GHz
Authors:   TEGAM Inc., Brush Andrew S.
Published: March 2022

Establishing traceability of RF power measurements at power levels in excess of a few watts has historically used methods that we will categorize into two major branches. One class of methods uses low-power sensors traceable through microcalorimeters operating in the milliWatt range. This class is exemplified by the power measurement technique described by Bramall [4], in which the low power sensors are used to measure the insertion loss of attenuators or couplers, which are then cascaded to provide the required attenuation or coupling factor to enable measurement of high power using low power sensors. The other major division is the direct measurement of the higher power using high power calorimeters. The basic theory and history of flow calorimeters is described well in chapter 5 of Fantom [1], and recently available commercial flow calorimeters are described in their respective user manuals [2][7].The cascaded coupler method has been refined to the point at which, for 100 Watt measurements below 1 GHz, NIST reports the ability to calibrate transfer standards with an uncertainty of 0.67% [3][8]. This uncertainty seems adequate to provide traceability for typical power sensors giving an overall uncertainty of 3% to 4% [5], but is higher than the 0.6% required to calibrate the most accurate of high-power RF sensors [6]. The method is also reported to be, “cumbersome and lengthy”[8].Commercially available calorimeters [2][7] represent that the user will obtain measurement uncertainty in the neighborhood of 1.25%. One of the referenced models claims 0.5%, but “not including load error”, which apparently does not include offset due to a leakage path. In real calibrations performed by the authors, that unit’s total error exceeded 2% of full scale. However much better results have been shown to be possible, such as by Bird[6] showing that their lab can calibrate to 0.6% when required. In the project being reported on, the authors addressed the challenge of finding as many of the sources of error in a flow calorimeter as possible, and followed up on the findings by developing new instrumentation, process automation, and heat flow to minimize error as much as possible.
Determining the Uncertainty of Frequency Measurements Referenced to GPS Disciplined Oscillators
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Lombardi Michael A.
Published: March 2022

GPS disciplined oscillators (GPSDOs) are commonly used as references for frequency calibrations. Over long intervals, a GPSDO is an inherently accurate source of frequency because it is continuously adjusted to agree with the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time scale maintained by the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). However, most frequency calibrations last for intervals of one day or less, and it can be difficult for metrologists to determine the uncertainty of a GPSDO during a short interval, and even more difficult to prove their uncertainty claims to skeptical laboratory assessors. This paper can serve as a guide to metrologists and laboratory assessors who work with GPSDOs as frequency standards. It describes the relationship between GPS time and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and explains why GPS time is traceable to the SI. It discusses how a GPSDO utilizes the GPS signals to control the frequency of its local oscillator. It explains how to estimate frequency stability, and how to apply estimates of frequency stability to determine the uncertainty of a GPSDO used as the reference for a frequency calibration.
GWP® - The Weighing Standard: Why We Should Challenge the Established Way We Calibrate and Test Weighing Instruments
Authors:   Mettler-Toledo AG, Fritsch Klaus
Published: March 2022

In the pharmaceutical laboratory, weighing is only one step of a whole analysis chain in drug discovery and quality control; however it strongly influences the overall quality and integrity of the final result. Also in production, weighing is decisive to achieve batch uniformity and consistency, e.g. in dispensing or formulation processes. For the food industry, accurate weighing processes also act as an important contribution for two of its most demanding challenges: Increasing public health and consumer safety, and increasing productivity and competitiveness. The same or similar issues are also prevalent in other industries as the chemical, fragrance or automotive industry, and also apply for testing labs and companies focusing on contract research and manufacturing. Everywhere, accurate weighing is essential to ensure continuous adherence to predefined process requirements and to avoid a frequent source of Out of Specification results (OOS).This article introduces GWP®, the science-based global standard for efficient lifecycle management of weighing instruments. It consists of the selection of the appropriate weighing system based on the evaluation of the respective weighing process requirements, and provides scientific guidance to the user regarding calibration and testing during the instrument's lifecycle. Based primarily on the user’s weighing requirements and prevailing weighing risks, it provides a state-of-the-art strategy to reduce measurement errors and to ensure reproducibly accurate weighing results. The understanding of the particular weighing process requirements and important balance and scale properties as minimum weight is essential to select an appropriate weighing system in the framework of the design qualification. The performance qualification takes into account these requirements and risks to establish a specific routine testing scenario for the instrument. The higher the impact in case of inaccurate weighings, and the more stringent the weighing accuracy requirements are the more frequently calibration and user tests have to be carried out. However, for less risky and stringent applications, testing efforts can be reduced accordingly. Widespread misconceptions • specifically in respect to the definition of test procedures and the selection of appropriate weights for periodic performance verification • are critically analyzed. Based on scientific principles the user is guided on how to optimize his routine testing procedures and how to avoid unnecessary or even erroneous testing. Risk and life cycle management form an integrated part of the overall strategy of GWP® to bridge the gap between regulatory compliance, process quality, productivity and cost consciousness.
A QUALIDADE NA OFERTA DE CARGA HORÁRIA A DISTÂNCIA EM CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO PRESENCIAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Bernardes Gisele Gomes Avelar , De Oliveira João Ferreira
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo analisa a oferta das disciplinas semipresenciais implementadas na Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG) – campus Goianésia, no contexto da política de educação a distância (EaD) no Brasil.  O estudo é resultado de pesquisa exploratória, documental e de campo, do tipo estudo de caso. O texto está estruturado em três partes. Na primeira, examina-se a temática da qualidade da educação a distância, destacando ser um tema e um debate em construção na área. Na segunda, contextualiza-se a educação a distância no Brasil, assim como as disciplinas semipresenciais nos cursos presenciais de graduação em perspectiva nos marcos legais do país. E, finalmente, apresenta-se os elementos que explicitam o caso estudado a partir de categorias de investigação: gestão acadêmica e administrativa; infraestrutura e tecnologias; docência; e, mediação pedagógica, focando no exame da oferta de carga horária a distância em cursos de graduação presencial. A pesquisa revelou a necessidade de uma avaliação mais ampla e crítica da política de EaD no caso estudado, bem como a necessidade de maior investimento em infraestrutura, tecnologias, qualificação e formação continuada de docentes e técnico-administrativos, visando melhorar a qualidade acadêmico-pedagógica no processo ensino-aprendizagem.
LETRAMENTO ACADÊMICO EM CONTEXTOS DIGITAIS: percepções de professores de línguas em formação
Authors: Do Nascimento Ubiraci Wictovik , De Freitas Carla Conti
Published: March 2022

Resumo

Neste artigo, temos o objetivo de analisar as percepções dos alunos do 4º período do curso de Letras de uma instituição pública, acerca da linguagem em contexto digital tendo em vista o letramento acadêmico frente ao ensino remoto emergencial. Assim, foram elencadas algumas questões que motivaram a realização deste trabalho: Como se estabelece a prática de letramento acadêmico no contexto digital no período das atividades remotas? Em que sentido a prática de letramento acadêmico no contexto digital pode refletir na formação de professores de línguas? Esta pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa interpretativista, tendo como base de estudo a Netnografia. Para a construção dos dados, consideramos os seguintes instrumentos: (i) observação direta, de forma virtual, (ii) um questionário com questões fechadas e de múltiplas escolhas e questões discursivas relacionadas às práticas de escrita acadêmica dos participantes; (iii) postagens dos participantes na sala de aula virtual. O estudo foi realizado a partir de atividades remotas emergenciais em decorrência da Covid-19, tendo como suporte a plataforma Google – Classroom, Meet, Forms. Como embasamento teórico, elencamos os estudos de Coscarelli (2005), Rojo (2013), Freitas (2021). Nesse contexto pandêmico, os gêneros  digitais serviram de suporte para as atividades de ensino e com uso da linguagem digital, novos gêneros digitais foram exigidos, mostrando que há outras modalidades de texto legitimadas pelos acadêmicos. Contudo, percebemos que é um pouco cedo para afirmar, negar ou sugerir mudanças no ensino universitário, mas acreditamos que seria interessante repensarmos os gêneros acadêmicos exigidos a partir deste novo contexto.

Palavras-chave: Atividades Remotas. Cultura Digital. Letramento Acadêmico. Letramento Digital. Letramento Transmedia.
Sulfuric acid in the Amazon Basin: Measurements and evaluation of existing sulfuric acid proxies
Authors: Myers Deanna C. , Kim Saewung , Sjostedt Steven , Guenther Alex B. , Seco Roger , Vega Bustillos Oscar , Tota Julio , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Smith James N.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sulfuric acid is a key contributor to new particle formation, though measurements of its gaseous concentrations are difficult to make. Several parameterizations to estimate sulfuric acid exist, all of which were constructed using measurements from the Northern Hemisphere. In this work, we report the first measurements of sulfuric acid from the Amazon Basin. These measurements are consistent with concentrations measured in Hyytiälä, Finland, though unlike Hyytiälä there is no clear correlation of sulfuric acid with global radiation. There was a minimal difference in sulfuric acid observed between the wet and dry seasons in the Amazon Basin. We also test the efficacy of existing proxies to estimate sulfuric acid in this region. Our results suggest that nighttime sulfuric acid production is due to both a stabilized Criegee intermediate pathway, and oxidation of SO2 by OH, the latter of which is not currently accounted for in existing proxies. They also illustrate the drawbacks of the common substitution of radiation for OH concentrations. None of the tested proxies effectively estimate sulfuric acid measurements at night. For estimates at all times of day, a recently published proxy based on data from the boreal forest should be used. If only daytime estimates are needed, several recent proxies that do not include the Criegee pathway are sufficient. More investigation of nighttime sulfuric acid production pathways is necessary to close the gap between measurements and estimates with existing proxies.
Amplified role of potential HONO sources in O3 formation in North China Plain during autumn haze aggravating processes
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Lian Chaofan , Wang Weigang , Ge Maofa , Guo Yitian , Ran Haiyan , Zhang Yusheng , Zheng Feixue , Fan Xiaolong , Yan Chao , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Liu Yongchun , Kulmala Markku , An Junling
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Co-occurrences of high concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone (O3) have
been frequently observed in haze-aggravating processes in the North China
Plain (NCP) over the past few years. Higher O3 concentrations on hazy
days were hypothesized to be related to nitrous acid (HONO), but the key sources
of HONO enhancing O3 during haze-aggravating processes remain unclear.
We added six potential HONO sources, i.e., four ground-based (traffic, soil,
and indoor emissions, and the NO2 heterogeneous reaction on ground
surface (Hetground)) sources, and two aerosol-related (the NO2
heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces (Hetaerosol) and nitrate
photolysis (Photnitrate)) sources into the WRF-Chem model and designed
23 simulation scenarios to explore the unclear key sources. The results
indicate that ground-based HONO sources producing HONO enhancements showed a
rapid decrease with height, while the NO + OH reaction and aerosol-related
HONO sources decreased slowly with height. Photnitrate contributions to
HONO concentrations were enhanced with aggravated pollution levels. The enhancement of
HONO due to Photnitrate on hazy days was about 10 times greater than on
clean days and Photnitrate dominated daytime HONO sources
(∼ 30 %–70 % when the ratio of the photolysis frequency of
nitrate (Jnitrate) to gas nitric acid (JHNO3) equals 30) at higher
layers (>800 m). Compared with that on clean days, the
Photnitrate contribution to the enhanced daily maximum 8 h averaged
(DMA8) O3 was increased by over 1 magnitude during the haze-aggravating process. Photnitrate contributed only ∼ 5 %
of the surface HONO in the daytime with a Jnitrate/JHNO3 ratio of 30
but contributed ∼ 30 %–50 % of the enhanced O3 near the
surface in NCP on hazy days. Surface O3 was dominated by volatile
organic compound-sensitive chemistry, while O3 at higher altitudes
(>800 m) was dominated by NOx-sensitive chemistry.
Photnitrate had a limited impact on nitrate concentrations (<15 %) even with a Jnitrate/JHNO3 ratio of 120. These results
suggest the potential but significant impact of Photnitrate on O3
formation, and that more comprehensive studies on Photnitrate in the
atmosphere are still needed.
Temporal patterns and potential drivers of CO2 emission from dry sediments of a large river
Authors: Koschorreck Matthias , Knorr Klaus Holger , Teichert Lelaina
Published: March 2022

Abstract. River sediments falling dry at low water level are sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. While the general relevance of CO2 emissions from dry sediments has been acknowledged and some regulatory mechanisms identified, knowledge on mechanisms and temporal dynamics is still sparse. Using a combination of high frequency measurements and detailed studies we thus aimed to identify processes responsible for CO2 emissions and to assess temporal dynamics of CO2 emissions from dry sediments at a large German river. CO2 emissions were largely driven by microbial respiration in the sediment. Observed CO2 fluxes could be explained by patterns and responses of sediment respiration rates measured in laboratory incubations. We exclude groundwater as a significant source of CO2 because potential evaporation rates were too low to explain CO2 fluxes by groundwater evaporation. Furthermore, CO2 fluxes were not related to radon fluxes, which we used to trace groundwater derived degassing of CO2. CO2 emissions were strongly regulated by temperature resulting in large diurnal fluctuations of CO2 emissions with emissions peaking during the day. The diurnal temperature – CO2 flux relation exhibited a hysteresis which highlights the effect of transport processes in the sediment and makes it difficult to identify temperature dependence from simple linear regressions. The temperature response of CO2 flux and sediment respiration rates in laboratory incubations was identical. Also deeper sediment layers apparently contributed to CO2 emissions because the CO2 flux was correlated with the thickness of the unsaturated zone, resulting in CO2 fluxes increasing with distance to the local groundwater level and with distance to the river. Rain events lowered CO2 emissions from dry river sediments probably by blocking CO2 transport from deeper sediment layers to the atmosphere. Terrestrial vegetation growing on exposed sediments largely increased respiratory sediment CO2 emissions. We show that the regulation of CO2 emissions from dry river sediments is complex. Diurnal measurements are mandatory and even CO2 uptake in the dark by phototrophic micro-organisms has to be considered when assessing the impact of dry sediments on CO2 emissions from rivers.
Multi-site, multi-crop measurements in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum: a comprehensive dataset from two climatically contrasting regions in southwestern Germany for the period 2009–2018
Authors: Weber Tobias K. D. , Ingwersen Joachim , Högy Petra , Poyda Arne , Wizemann Hans-Dieter , Demyan Michael Scott , Bohm Kristina , Eshonkulov Ravshan , Gayler Sebastian , Kremer Pascal , Laub Moritz , Nkwain Yvonne Funkiun , Troost Christian , Witte Irene , Reichenau Tim , Berger Thomas , Cadisch Georg , Müller Torsten , Fangmeier Andreas , Wulfmeyer Volker , Streck Thilo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We present a comprehensive, high-quality dataset characterizing soil–vegetation and land surface processes from continuous measurements conducted in two climatically contrasting study regions in southwestern Germany: the warmer and drier Kraichgau region with a mean temperature of 9.7 ∘C and annual precipitation of 890 mm and the cooler and wetter Swabian Alb with mean temperature 7.5 ∘C and annual precipitation of 1042 mm. In each region, measurements were conducted over a time period of nine cropping seasons from 2009 to 2018. The backbone of the investigation was formed by six eddy-covariance (EC) stations which measured fluxes of water, energy and carbon dioxide between the land surface and the atmosphere at half-hourly resolution. This resulted in a dataset containing measurements from a total of 54 site years containing observations with a multitude of crops, as well as considerable variation in local growing-season climates. The presented multi-site, multi-year dataset is composed of crop-related data on phenological development stages, canopy height, leaf area index, vegetative and generative biomass, and their respective carbon and nitrogen content. Time series of soil temperature and soil water content were monitored with 30 min resolution at various points in the soil profile, including ground heat fluxes. Moreover, more than 1200 soil samples were taken to study changes of carbon and nitrogen contents. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.20387/bonares-a0qc-46jc (Weber et al., 2021). One field in each region is still fully set up as continuous observatories for state variables and fluxes in intensively managed agricultural fields.
Multispecies and high spatiotemporal resolution database of vehicular emissions in Brazil
Authors: Hoinaski Leonardo , Vasques Thiago Vieira , Ribeiro Camilo Bastos , Meotti Bianca
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In this article, we present the BRAzilian Vehicular Emissions inventory Software (BRAVES) data-base, a multispecies and high spatiotemporal resolution database of vehicular emissions in Brazil. We provide this database using spatial disaggregation based on road density, temporal disaggregation using vehicular flow profiles, and chemical speciation based on SPECIATE database from the Unit-ed States Environmental Protection Agency. Our BRAVES database provides hourly and annual emissions of 41 gaseous and particle pollutants. Users can define the spatial resolution, which ranges from a coarse to very refined scale Spatial correlation analysis reveals that the BRAVES database reaches similar performance to the vehicular emissions inventory from Emissions Database for Glob-al Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). A comparison with Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Re-search and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) surface concentration confirms the consistency and reliability of the BRAVES database on representing the spatial pattern of vehicular emissions. Com-pared to EDGAR, the BRAVES database brings more spatial, temporal, and chemical details. These additional features are crucial to understanding important atmospheric chemistry processes in Brazil. All codes and inputs are freely available, and the outputs are compatible with the input requirements of sophisticated chemical transport models. We envision that our database will enable the scientific and environmental community to gain new insights into vehicular emissions and their effects in Brazil, where emissions inventories are scarce and urgently needed.
The landslide velocity
Authors: Pudasaini Shiva P. , Krautblatter Michael
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Proper knowledge of velocity is required in accurately determining the enormous destructive energy carried by a landslide. We present the first, simple and physics-based general analytical landslide velocity model that simultaneously incorporates the internal deformation (nonlinear advection) and externally applied forces, consisting of the net driving force and the viscous resistant. From the physical point of view, the model represents a novel class of nonlinear advective–dissipative system, where classical Voellmy and inviscid Burgers' equations are specifications of this general model. We show that the nonlinear advection and external forcing fundamentally regulate the state of motion and deformation, which substantially enhances our understanding of the velocity of a coherently deforming landslide. Since analytical solutions provide the fastest, most cost-effective, and best rigorous answer to the problem, we construct several new and general exact analytical solutions. These solutions cover the wider spectrum of landslide velocity and directly reduce to the mass point motion. New solutions bridge the existing gap between negligibly deforming and geometrically massively deforming landslides through their internal deformations. This provides a novel, rapid, and consistent method for efficient coupling of different types of mass transports. The mechanism of landslide advection, stretching, and approaching the steady state has been explained. We reveal the fact that shifting, uplifting, and stretching of the velocity field stem from the forcing and nonlinear advection. The intrinsic mechanism of our solution describes the fascinating breaking wave and emergence of landslide folding. This happens collectively as the solution system simultaneously introduces downslope propagation of the domain, velocity uplift, and nonlinear advection. We disclose the fact that the domain translation and stretching solely depend on the net driving force, and along with advection, the viscous drag fully controls the shock wave generation, wave breaking, folding, and also the velocity magnitude. This demonstrates that landslide dynamics are architectured by advection and reigned by the system forcing. The analytically obtained velocities are close to observed values in natural events. These solutions constitute a new foundation of landslide velocity in solving technical problems. This provides practitioners with key information for instantly and accurately estimating the impact force that is very important in delineating hazard zones and for the mitigation of landslide hazards.
GC Insights: Rainbow colour maps remain widely used in the geosciences
Authors: Westaway Richard M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Rainbow colour maps are known to be problematic yet
remain widely used in scientific communication. This study extends work by
Stoelzle and Stein (2021) to investigate the extent of their use in
geoscience publications. It is found that over half (55 %) of all papers
surveyed from six geoscience journals from the years 2005, 2010, 2015 and
2020 (n=2638) contained at least one visualisation that uses rainbow or
red–green colour schemes and are therefore potentially misleading and colour-inaccessible. Recent changes to the submission guidelines for all European Geosciences
Union (EGU) journals would seem to place greater responsibility in the future with
editors and reviewers to identify and correct colour issues as part of the
review process.
Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE): when to use them or not
Authors: Hodson Timothy O.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are widely used metrics for evaluating models. Yet, there remains enduring confusion over their use, such that a standard practice is to present both, leaving it to the reader to decide. Some of this confusion arises from a recent debate between Willmott and Draxler (2005) and Chai and Draxler (2014), in which either side presents their arguments for one metric over the other. Neither side was completely correct; however, because neither metric is inherently better: MAE is optimal for Laplacian errors, and RMSE is optimal for normal (Gaussian) errors. When errors deviate from these distributions, other metrics are superior.
Pairing litter decomposition with microbial community structures using the Tea Bag Index (TBI)
Authors: Daebeler Anne , Petrová Eva , Kinz Elena , Grausenburger Susanne , Berthold Helene , Sandén Taru , Angel Roey ,   the high-school students of biology project groups I, II, and
III from 2018–2019
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Including information about soil microbial communities
into global decomposition models is critical for predicting and
understanding how ecosystem functions may shift in response to global
change. Here we combined a standardised litter bag method for estimating
decomposition rates, the Tea Bag Index (TBI), with high-throughput sequencing of
the microbial communities colonising the plant litter in the bags. Together
with students of the Federal College for Viticulture and Fruit
Growing, Klosterneuburg, Austria, acting as citizen scientists, we used this
approach to investigate the diversity of prokaryotes and fungi-colonising
recalcitrant (rooibos) and labile (green tea) plant litter buried in three
different soil types and during four seasons with the aim of (i) comparing
litter decomposition (decomposition rates (k) and stabilisation factors (S))
between soil types and seasons, (ii) comparing the microbial communities
colonising labile and recalcitrant plant litter between soil types and
seasons, and (iii) correlating microbial diversity and taxa relative abundance
patterns of colonisers with litter decomposition rates (k) and stabilisation
factors (S). Stabilisation factor (S), but not decomposition rate (k),
correlated with the season and was significantly lower in the summer,
indicating a decomposition of a larger fraction of the organic material
during the warm months. This finding highlights the necessity to include
colder seasons in the efforts of determining decomposition dynamics in order
to quantify nutrient cycling in soils accurately. With our approach, we
further showed selective colonisation of plant litter by fungal and
prokaryotic taxa sourced from the soil. The community structures of these
microbial colonisers differed most profoundly between summer and winter, and
selective enrichment of microbial orders on either rooibos or green tea
hinted at indicator taxa specialised for the primary degradation of
recalcitrant or labile organic matter, respectively. Our results
collectively demonstrate the importance of analysing decomposition dynamics
over multiple seasons and further testify to the potential of the
microbiome-resolved TBI to identify the active component of the microbial
community associated with litter decomposition. This work demonstrates the power of the microbiome-resolved TBI to give a
holistic description of the litter decomposition process in soils.
Convective heat transfer of spring meltwater accelerates active layer phase change in Tibet permafrost areas
Authors: Zhao Yi , Nan Zhuotong , Ji Hailong , Zhao Lin
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Convective heat transfer (CHT) is one of the important processes that
control the near-ground surface heat transfer in permafrost areas. However,
this process has often not been considered in most permafrost studies, and
its influence on freezing–thawing processes in the active layer lacks
quantitative investigation. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model,
one of the few land surface models in which the CHT process is well
incorporated into the soil heat–mass transport processes, was applied in
this study to investigate the impacts of CHT on the thermal dynamics of the
active layer at the Tanggula station, a typical permafrost site on the
eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau with abundant meteorological and soil
temperature and soil moisture observation data. A control experiment was carried
out to quantify the changes in active layer temperature affected by vertical
advection of liquid water. Three experimental setups were used: (1) the
original SHAW model with full consideration of CHT, (2) a modified SHAW
model that ignores CHT due to infiltration from the surface, and (3) a
modified SHAW model that completely ignores CHT processes in the system. The
results show that the CHT events occurred mainly during thaw periods in
melted shallow (0–0.2 m) and intermediate (0.4–1.3 m) soil depths, and their
impacts on soil temperature at shallow depths were significantly greater
during spring melting periods than summer. The impact was minimal during
freeze periods and in deep soil layers. During thaw periods, temperatures at
the shallow and intermediate soil depths simulated under the scenario
considering CHT were on average about 0.9 and 0.4 ∘C higher,
respectively, than under the scenarios ignoring CHT. The ending dates of the
zero-curtain effect were substantially advanced when CHT was considered due
to its heating effect. However, the opposite cooling effect was also present
but not as frequently as heating due to upward liquid fluxes and thermal
differences between soil layers. In some periods, the advection flow from
the cold layer reduced the shallow and intermediate depth temperatures by an
average of about −1.0 and −0.4 ∘C, respectively. The overall
annual effect of CHT due to liquid flux is to increase soil temperature in
the active layer and favor thawing of frozen ground at the study site.
Load reduction for wind turbines: an output-constrained, subspace predictive repetitive control approach
Authors: Liu Yichao , Ferrari Riccardo , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Individual pitch control (IPC) is a well-known approach to reduce blade loads on wind turbines. Although very effective, IPC usually requires high levels of actuator activities, which significantly increases the pitch actuator duty cycle (ADC). This will subsequently result in an increase of the wear on the bearings of the blades and a decrease of the wind turbine reliability. An alternative approach to this issue is to reduce the actuator activities by incorporating the output constraints in IPC. In this paper, a fully data-driven IPC approach, which is called constrained subspace predictive repetitive control (cSPRC), is introduced. The output constraints can be explicitly considered in the control problem formulation via a model predictive control (MPC) approach. The cSPRC approach will actively produce the IPC action for the necessary load reduction when the blade loads violate the output constraints. In this way, actuator activities can be significantly reduced. Two kinds of scenarios are simulated to illustrate the unique applications of the proposed method: wake–rotor overlap and turbulent sheared wind conditions. Simulation results show that the developed cSPRC is able to account for the output constraints into the control problem formulation. Since the IPC action from cSPRC is only triggered to prevent violating the output constraints, the actuator activities are significantly reduced. This will help to reduce the pitch ADC, thus leading to an economical viable load control strategy.
In addition, this approach allows the wind farm operator to design conservative bounds to guarantee the safety of the wind turbine control system.
Influence of wind turbine design parameters on linearized physics-based models in OpenFAST
Authors: Jonkman Jason M. , Branlard Emmanuel S. P. , Jasa John P.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. While most physics involved in wind energy are nonlinear, linearization of the underlying nonlinear wind system equations is often important for understanding the system response and exploiting well-established methods and tools for analyzing linear systems. Linearized models are important for eigenanalysis (to derive structural natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes), controls design (based on linear state-space models), etc. In controls co-design, wherein methods often rely on linearized time-domain models of the physics, the physical structure (often called the plant) and controller are designed and optimized concurrently, so it is important to understand how changes to the physical design affect the linearized system. This work summarizes efforts done to understand the impact of design parameter variations in the physical system (e.g., mass, stiffness, geometry, and aerodynamic and hydrodynamic coefficients) on the linearized system using OpenFAST.
Optimization of Reporting by Using Technology in Order to Create A Reliable Archives Management Effectiveness in Padang City and North Aceh District
Authors: Suhendra Adi
Published: March 2022

This research is about Compilation of reports conducted by local governments in Padang City and North Aceh District. This research is considered important because the implementation of the activities of preparing reports is the result of reports on the implementation of activities and the achievement of the performance of government administrators. The population in this study is an area that has made innovations related to administrative innovation by utilizing technology. Meanwhile, the research subject is the innovation created by the City of Padang called the Report Submission innovation through the Regional Development Management Information System (SIMBANGDA) and the innovation in the Tapem Section of North Aceh Regency called Report Compilation Through "Ledis Go" (Digital Cabinets Based on Google Drive). The results of this study indicate that the innovations created by the city of Padang and also the district of North Aceh have succeeded in facilitating the preparation of reports by utilizing technology and successfully achieving the goals that have been designed. With the innovation of Report Submission through the Regional Development Management Information System (SIMBANGDA) in the City of Padang, it provides several benefits, including the timely submission of development activity reports, accelerating program and activity reports according to targets. Third, program activity reports are timely, accurate, transparent and accountable or can be accounted for, as well as the achievement of Padang City targets. Meanwhile, the innovation of Reporting Through “Ledis Go” (Digital Cabinets Based on Google Drive) in the Tapem Section of North Aceh Regency has succeeded in achieving the main goal, namely the realization of data collection, processing, and storage that is easily accessible anytime and anywhere, so that the preparation of reports in the field of autonomy others can be done quickly. Where, this innovation program has succeeded in producing output in the form of softcopy data that can be accessed directly through the Google Drive application, thus facilitating the preparation of LKPJ.
Los tejidos en las colecciones de los museos españoles, una larga historia de valoración y conservación
Authors: López Rey María , Chércoles Asensio Ruth , San Andrés Moya Margarita
Published: March 2022

Los tejidos han estado asociados al ser humano desde la más remota antigüedad, como objetos de consumo, fueron reparados, modificados y hasta abandonados. En un momento dado surgió el interés por su coleccionismo y se crearon los primeros museos donde conservarlos. Sin embargo, esto no hizo que su valor cambiará, y durante muchos años continuaron siendo tratados como objetos de consumo, con tratamientos poco afortunados y una total falta de documentación. Afortunadamente, esa percepción de los tejidos cambió y ahora se les reivindica como testimonio de un modo de ser, de vivir y de hacer. Por eso, los tratamientos de conservación-restauración que se realizan sobre ellos, están basados en los criterios de conservación-restauración actuales que se aplican a cualquier bien cultural, donde prima el respeto máximo al original, con unos tratamientos apoyados en estudios científico-técnicos, conservando no solo el material si no la historia que lleva detrás.
Traces of knowledge and use of cues of sensory processing in ancient Greek art
Authors: Duarte Antonio Manuel , Constantinidi Niki P.
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to find evidence of the presence, in ancient Greek art, of cues (triggers) for sensory processes involved in the appreciation of visual arts, within the framework of the psychology of art. The presence of such cues in ancient Greek art can suggest the existence of knowledge about them, together with their use, already by ancient Greek artists. For the study, a sample of image reproductions of ancient Greek art (from the archaic to the Hellenistic period - ca. 7th - 1st century BC) was submitted to a thematic-content analysis. This analysis revealed the presence of all most relevant known cues that trigger specific sensory processes involved in visual arts appreciation. Results suggest an intuitive knowledge of these processes by ancient Greek artists (probably based both on personal experience and social sharing), which aligns with the seminal role of ancient Greek art both in the extended use of those cues in western art and in the modulation of a “western way” of appreciating art.
El antiselfie: una propuesta artística y educativa alternativa al relato mediático en la formación de maestras y maestros
Authors: Vaquero Cañestro Carmen
Published: March 2022

La sociedad hiperconectada actual, en su sometimiento a la pantalla y mediante la profusión de estereotipos a través de las redes sociales, contribuye a la recreación de una distopía identitaria y relacional que poco a poco se instaura y se legitima. Desde el entorno educativo, conscientes del impacto de fenómenos como el selfie en la construcción identitaria de la adolescencia y la juventud, deben plantearse alternativas reflexivas, críticas y emancipadoras. Este estudio propone un recorrido teórico que evidencia la carga simbólica del selfie como dispositivo cultural y mediático que perpetúa estereotipos hegemónicos para, a partir de estas bases conceptuales, determinar la necesaria transición hacia construcciones simbólicas artísticas y críticas desde la formación de maestros y maestras. Para ello se propone el antiselfie como dispositivo educativo y artístico, antagónico y contrahegemónico. Para evaluar el impacto de esta práctica artística desarrollada durante tres cursos en la asignatura Educación en Artes Plásticas y Visuales, esta propuesta opta por la metodología de investigación educativa artístico-narrativa. El estudio muestra el reemplazo de las autorrepresentaciones normativas por producciones autorreferenciales introspectivas que favorecen la reconstrucción identitaria individual y colectiva desde la diversidad, así como la idoneidad del uso del antiselfie en contextos educativos.
Las fachadas de Cine pintadas a mano en el Madrid de finales del siglo XX e inicios del XXI
Authors: López-Méndez Lorena
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo aborda una temática de la que, a día de hoy, disponemos de escasa información. Se trata de la historia del diseño cinematográfico de las fachadas de cine, pintadas a mano, que poblaban la Gran Vía en Madrid a finales del siglo XX e inicios del XXI. Un testimonio gráfico desaparecido por completo no solo por ser una creación efímera, sino porque una vez que cumplían su tarea publicitaria en los cines eran reemplazadas para dar paso a una nueva programación. Hechos al que se suma la aparición de medios y pantallas digitales. El proceso pictórico y de elaboración de una fachada de cine comenzaba cuando el fachadista-cartelista recibía el cartel original, por parte de la distribuidora, y se encargaba de reproducirlo en un formato de grandes dimensiones mediante la técnica de la pintura al temple. Según la destreza del fachadista-cartelista, podía existir cierta similitud en la fachada con los protagonistas del film. El último taller de artesanos fachadistas desapareció en 2010 y se encargaba de pintar carteles cinematográficos para el tríptico del cine Palacio de la Prensa en Madrid. Como conclusión, se hace patente la importancia de dejar constancia de la historia del lenguaje de este proceso gráfico y metódico en el campo del cine.
El depósito artístico de Zaragoza durante la Guerra Civil
Authors: Real López Inmaculada
Published: March 2022

Este artículo presenta un tema inédito que hasta ahora no había sido tratado por la disciplina histórico-artística, y que viene a estudiar el depósito que la cuidad de Zaragoza atesoró durante la Guerra Civil española. Un importante volumen patrimonial fue trasladado a la capital aragonesa a través del Servicio de Defensa del Patrimonio Artístico Nacional. Cómo fue el proceso de traslado, almacenamiento y devolución de los bienes culturales rescatados, son algunas de las cuestiones a las que se intenta dar respuesta.
Violencia, corrupción y poder disciplinario en la trilogía del tremendismo de Felipe Cazals (1975-1976)
Authors: Silva Escobar Juan Pablo
Published: March 2022

Desde una mirada foucaulteana del poder, este trabajo analiza la violencia, la corrupción y el poder disciplinario inscrito en la trilogía del tremendismo de Felipe Cazals. Para ello, he estructurado el artículo en cuatro apartados más una conclusión final. En la primera se desarrolla una breve aproximación histórica al nuevo cine mexicano de los años sesenta y setenta. En el segundo apartado analizo la película Canoa, poniendo atención a las implicancias políticas del catolicismo conservador y el dominio que ejerce sobre los habitantes del pueblo. En el tercer apartado examino la cinta El apanado y reflexiono acerca de las implicancias socioculturales del encierro y el castigo, y cómo éstos se ponen al servicio de un poder disciplinario que se ejerce desde la opacidad de la institucionalidad carcelaria. En el cuarto apartado se estudia la película Las poquianchis poniendo el foco de atención sobre la violencia y la corrupción institucionalizada, que hace de la prostitución y del cuerpo femenino, un territorio sometido y violentado física y psicológicamente. Por último, en las conclusiones se lleva a cabo, una reflexión general, que engloba los aspectos políticos y socioculturales que son transversales a las tres cintas.
PANDEMIOLOGIA DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES OU UMA EPIDEMIOLOGIA DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES PANDÊMICAS
Authors: BUENO R.
Published: March 2022

Viral analogy models for the study of information distribution in the scope of human communication have been interdisciplinarily debated in different academic spheres, from naturalistic epistemiology (DENNET, 1995, 2017), through evolutionary biology (DAWKINS, 1976, 1993), genetics population (CAVALLI-SFORZA, 2000), mathematical modeling in evolutionary anthropology (BOYD; RICHERSON, 2005) and cultural epidemiology (SPERBER, 1985, 1994, 1996; WEISS, 2001; MORIN, 2016). In this essay, I propose the idea that in the same way - in a globalized world - diseases in human populations have the potential to spread pandemic orders (UJVARI, 2011), the globalized flow of information, under the impact of new cognitive technologies (DASCAL, 2005) also had ecological distribution potential exceeding epidemiological scales, reaching pandemiological levels. Therefore, I will seek to articulate the still embryonic notion of pandemiology (CASTIEL, 1995; ISPIR, 2020; AKERMAN; CASTIEL, 2021) and the Epidemiology of Representations (SPERBER, 1985, 1996; LERIQUE, 2017) in what I am proposing as a Pandemiology of Representations. Initially, I will introduce two well-established theories that characterize communication and how they are directly implicated in viral models for the study of ecological information distribution. Next, I will present the epidemiology of representations in their original formulation, suggesting its expansion towards a pandemiology of representations, in order to monitor/analyze projected information beyond an ecological boundary. Finally, I will seek to typify some of the phenomena that could be more closely studied in the context of the worsening public health crisis that is plaguing Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
O desenho infantil potencializado pelos estudos da cultura visual e pela educação estética
Authors: Tozato Eva Bernadete Budniak , Silva Rossano
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo consiste em pesquisa qualitativa a partir de intervenção pedagógica no decorrer das aulas de artes visuais e apresenta reflexões sobre o desenho enquanto linguagem expressiva, potencializado por ações mediadas pela professora, enriquecido pela ampliação visual a partir da educação estética. A ação docente partiu de uma inquietação a respeito do uso de estereótipos e animismo nos desenhos de crianças das turmas do primeiro ao quinto ano do ensino fundamental. A análise foi realizada a partir do conceito de “desenhos recebidos” de Vianna (2012), com a intervenção pedagógica fundamentada no conceito de “desenho cultivado” de Iavelberg (2013, 2017), nos “Estudos da Cultura Visual”, propostos por Hernández (2000, 2007) e por meio da “educação estética”, fundamentada em Vigotski (2003). A experiência demonstrou a presença de imagens recebidas e possibilidades de sua transformação e evidenciou a necessidade de aprofundamento nas questões levantadas que se encontram em desenvolvimento em uma pesquisa de mestrado.
Aprendizagem significativa a partir das singularidades: contextos
Authors: Cavanhi Allana Carla , Marcon Carine , Karpinski Rachel
Published: March 2022

O presente relato de experiência busca compartilhar estratégias de aprendizagens construídas no ano de 2020, em espaços educacionais públicos, do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Em meio ao contexto desafiador, buscamos traçar possibilidades para a construção de práticas pedagógicas para o ensino remoto na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental (Anos Iniciais e Anos Finais). O desenvolvimento dessas práticas se deu a partir da metodologia de projetos, subsidiada pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e pelo Referencial Curricular Gaúcho (RCG); tendo como principal ferramenta o brincar com elementos da natureza, ao encontro das vivências cotidianas das crianças. As principais contribuições teóricas desencadearam-se a partir de Andreola (2016), Freire (1992, 1993, 1996, 1997), Redin (2017), Vygostsky (2007) e outros. O acompanhamento desde o planejamento, desenvolvimento e devolutivas das práticas, demonstrou a possibilidade genuína de desenvolvimento de aprendizagens significativas, lúdicas e interacionistas; considerando diferentes contextos sociais e econômicos.v