bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutation screening of α-crystallin mutations in congenital cataract patients
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Dada Rima , Agarwal Tushar , Khokhar Sudarshan
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To screen α-crystallin (CRYAA) gene in congenital cataract patients and controls.

Methods:

Fifty clinically diagnosed congenital cataract cases below 3 years of age from northern India, presenting at Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences (AIIMS, New Delhi, India) were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, all coding and exon/intron regions were amplified using PCR and direct sequencing was performed to detect any nucleotide variation.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 1.75±0.19 years. The age of onset was recorded as the age at which the disease was first noticed by the child’s parents or first documented by a cli-nician. All cases were sporadic and 32 were males and 18 were females. None of the cases were product of consanguineous marriage and all patients had bilateral lens opacification. The degree of opacification showed variability among patients as 58% (29/50) of patients had nuclear cataract, 28% (14/50) with lamellar/zonular cataract and 8% (4/50) had anterior polar cataract and 6% (2/50) had total cataract.

Conclusion:

This study shows that the pathogenesis of the majority of congenital cataract cas-es in North India seems not to be accounted for mutations by the coding exons of α-crystallins. It is also possible that currently unidentified genes may be a more significant cause of cataract than previously thought. Based on this study CRYAA has no role in congenital cataract in north Indian population.
An Unusual Case of Metastatic Tubercular Endophthalmitis
Authors: Kabra Meenakshi , Beri Sarita , Garg Rajiv , d’souza Pamela , Jain Rajesh , Nangia Anita , Mishra Sanjay Kumar
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis is prevalent in developing countries like India, however ocular tuberculosis is a diagnosis of exclusion. This unusual case is of an 18 year old patient of pulmonary Kochs who presented to the out patient department of our hospital with unilateral acute pain in right eye with the marked diminuition of vision of 3 days duration. On Examination his vision in Right eye was PL-negative. This was preceded by gradual painful loss of vision in the right eye for the past two months duration for which he was already taking medication. He was diagnosed as a case of endophthalmitis with secondary glaucoma and ciliary and intercalary staphyloma in R/E. His eye was eviscerated. On the basis of clinical presentation, radiological and histopathological findings diagnosis of Tuberculous endophthalmitis was therefore confirmed.
External Ophthalmomyiasis Caused by Sheep Botfly (Oestrus Ovis) Larva
Authors: Gajiwala Uday R. , Patel Rajesh U. , Shah Parin A. , Chariwala Rohan A.
Published: December 2024

External Ophthalmomyiasis is the infestation of external ocular tissues (Eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal ducts) of man by fly larvae. Ophthalmic myiasis has been reported from various world regions. In this study we present the clinical manifestations with ophthalmomyiasis caused by first stage larvae of Oestrus ovis in 4 patients from rural areas during the period of January to April. All patients presented with symptoms like viral or allergic conjunctivitis after history of something falling in the eyes during outdoor work. Two of the patients were from Ahir caste (shepherds), in close contact with sheep and goat. The larvae were observed in the bulbar conjunctiva and following their removal, the symptoms of eye inflammation improved in a few hours/days with topical antibiotics and steroids eye drops. As the larvae are small, translucent and quickly avoiding the slit lamp beam, they can be easily overlooked on routine examination. We should suspect larval conjunctivitis in rural areas, especially during spring and summer, in patients presenting with viral or allergic conjunctivitis like picture following history of something falling into the eye.
Reiter’s Syndrome and Crohn’s Disease Coexistence
Authors: Das Sujit , Mehrotra Neelima , Sivastava Ankita
Published: December 2024

Reiter’s syndrome is characterized by a classic triad of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. Reactive arthritis is a rheumatoid factor-seronegative, human leukocyte antigen B27-linked arthritis. It most commonly strikes individuals aged 20–40 years of age and is more common in men than in women. This inflammatory arthritis manifests several days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection and is thought to be caused by an autoimmune response involving cross-reactivity of bacterial antigens with joint tissues. Herein, we present a case of Reiter’s syndrome with Crohn’s disease with anterior uveitis in a 22-year-old male patient.
Relevance of Amblyopia Treatment Studies in Management of Amblyopia
Authors: Joshi Deepti , Gupta Isha , Krishnaprasad R.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of amblyopia management practices to the reader so that they can incorporate the same in their clinical practice, based on evidence provided by the clinical studies and our clinical experience. A literature search was performed on the Paediatric Eye Disease Investigation Group (PEDIG) website for amblyopia treatment studies (ATS) and its related publications in PubMed. We have included the conclusions of PEDIG-ATS study and our experiences based on pediatric ophthalmology clinical practice in a tertiary eye hospital in India. PEDIG-ATS study has caused a paradigm shift in amblyopia treatment, offering an evidence-based sequential approach. Refractive correction is the first step, followed by part-time occlusion and penalization. All other modes are used as adjuvant therapy. It is important to give maintenance therapy to prevent the recurrence of successfully treated amblyopia.
Recurrent Retinal Venous Occlusion in Young: An Insight Into Systemic Disease
Authors: Gupta Yashi , Bhattacharya Shruti
Published: December 2024

Recurrent retinal venous conclusions in young adults occur via varied mechanisms. A meticulous clinical history and systemic workup allow detection and timely treatment.
Retinal Surgery Evolution with New Trends
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Joshi Amrita , Unni Deepesh , Sati Alok , Dhar Supriya
Published: December 2024

Retinal surgery has undergone a complete transformation in the past century. The earliest reported results of Gonin et al. with ignipuncture in 1923 heralded the scientifically evidenced treatment of retinal detachment. The article follows the subsequent landmark developments in the field of retinal detachment surgery in the form of external buckles, cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, operating microscopes with inverter, wide-angle viewing systems, vitrectomy, vitreous substitutes, and endolaser that have been deliberated on. The recent developments in the past two decades which have reshaped retinal surgery from a last-stage procedure to an early option for visual rehabilitation in the form of smaller gauges for vitrectomy, chandelier illumination, valved cannulas, intraoperative intraocular pressure control, role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, and heads-up viewing systems have also been elaborated.
Multimodal Imaging in Rare Case of Bilateral Macular Coloboma
Authors: Singh Shivangi , Tagare Shivraj
Published: December 2024

Macular coloboma is a congenital atypical coloboma which appears as well-demarcated lesion on the macula, it can be unilateral or bilateral. We report one such case of a 15-year-old boy who presented to us with horizontal jerk nystagmus. His fundus examination revealed a bilateral large 9–10-disc diameter of well-demarcated excavation at the macula with baring of the underlying sclera and thin rim of pigmentation at the margins. Coloboma was spanning between temporal arcades where vessels followed the course along the edges of coloboma. Large macular colobomas are rare and cause nonprogressive decrease in visual acuity.
There is Still Vision/Hope – Choices of Optical Low Vision Aids (A-Z)
Authors: Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Parthasarathi Sathyan , Ramesh Shruthy Vaishali , Devadas Aji Kunnath
Published: December 2024

Low vision aids (LVA) are designed to provide improved visual acuity to a visually impaired patient who cannot be treated by regular refractive corrections or other treatments. The main purpose of LVA is not only visual rehabilitation but also social adaptation. A comprehensive understanding of the various available LVAs, their advantages and disadvantages is crucial for selecting the most suitable device for each patient. In this article, we talk about the various types of optical devices, its advantages and disadvantages and methods of prescription.
Evolving Trends in Corneal Surgery
Authors: Dhar Supriya , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Joshi Amrita , Sati Alok , Kumar Pradeep , Unni Deepesh
Published: December 2024

Corneal surgery has seen significant advancements in recent years, revolutionizing the way we treat various corneal conditions. These advancements have improved patient outcomes, reduced recovery time, and expanded the scope of treatable conditions. It involves a wide gamut of procedures ranging from managing infective keratitis with tissue adhesives to performing partial or full-thickness transplants on one side and procedures such as corneal cross-linking to tissue regeneration techniques on the other hand. Corneal transplant procedures include full-thickness procedures such as penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar transplant procedures which can be performed manually and using a femtosecond laser. Corneal transplant procedures include full-thickness procedures such as penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar transplant procedures which can be performed manually or using a femtosecond laser like Bowman layer transplant, anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty, Descemet's Stripping endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet's stripping only, and use of Rho kinase inhibitors for endothelial disorders. Keratoprosthesis can be utilized in cases where conventional keratoplasty is contraindicated or is fraught with high chances of failure such as chemical burns and Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP). Corneal Collagen cross-linking is the only modality to treat progressive keratoconus and includes various protocols such as conventional and accelerated. Tissue adhesives significantly treat corneal disorders such as corneal perforations and other procedures such as post-pterygium surgery, simple limbal epithelial transplantation, and post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) epithelial ingrowth removal. Amniotic membrane transplant assisted with fibrin glue use has also been described in managing larger corneal perforations/melts. Customized treatments in the form of wavefront-optimized and wavefront-guided LASIK and femtosecond-enabled procedures are available for precise treatments with better visual outcomes. Regenerative therapy, including cell therapy, regenerative medicine, bioengineered corneal grafts, and gene therapy, represents the future of keratoplasty.
Complex Microphthalmia due to a Homozygous Novel Variant in SIX Homeobox 6 Gene
Authors: Nilay Mayank , Moirangthem Amita
Published: December 2024

Microphthalmia is an ocular anomaly with wide genetic heterogeneity. Many monogenic causes have been identified recently by next-generation sequencing. Here, we describe the genotype and phenotype of two siblings with complex microphthalmia. The siblings had bilateral cataracts, and a persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous was additionally noted in the younger sibling. Exome sequencing performed in the elder sibling detected a novel missense variant (c.549C>G [p.Asp183Glu]) in SIX homeobox 6 (SIX6) gene in homozygous state. On targeted Sanger sequencing, this variant was also present in homozygous state in the similarly affected younger sibling. In silico structural modeling showed that the c.549C>G variant which lies in the homeobox domain might alter the SIX6 protein structure. Both the affected siblings also had dental anomalies. This feature has not been reported in the three published reports describing biallelic SIX6-related ocular phenotype. SIX6 disease-causing variants are a very rare cause of microphthalmia/anophthalmia.
Firework-related Ocular Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Preventive Strategies
Authors: Varshney Ankit Sanjay , Bhattacharjee Debanjali
Published: December 2024

Firework-related ocular injuries present a critical global public health issue, with incidence spikes during festivals and celebrations. Despite preventive efforts, these injuries continue to contribute significantly to preventable blindness, long-term visual impairment, and healthcare burdens worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess published studies on firework-related ocular injuries, examining demographic distribution, injury types, clinical outcomes, and the effectiveness of preventive measures. A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, focusing on studies from 2000 to 2023 with at least 30 patients. Data extraction and synthesis were performed independently by two reviewers, and a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was applied. Outcomes were measured in odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Of 2040 articles screened, 15 met the inclusion criteria, covering a total of 2500 patients. Males made up 85% of cases, with 30% of injuries occurring in individuals under 20. Common injuries included corneal abrasions (48%), hyphema (23%), and globe ruptures (12%). Meta-analysis revealed that 80% of patients attained a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/18 or better posttreatment (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93, P < 0.05), though 15% retained a BCVA worse than 6/60, especially those with globe ruptures. Preventive measures, such as protective eyewear and safety education, significantly lowered injury rates (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45–0.89, P < 0.01) with moderate heterogeneity (I² =56%). The results highlight the urgent need for mandatory protective eyewear, awareness campaigns, and collaborative safety initiatives to reduce firework-related ocular trauma.
A Study of Improvement in Quality of Life in Patients with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Jadeja Jagruti N , Garasiya Tejal R. , Patel Vaibhavi G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to assess the effect of treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) on the quality of life (QoL) in individuals across different age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. This was achieved by utilizing questionnaires administered pre- and posttreatment.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study conducted during July 2019–September 2021 at a tertiary eye care center in Western India. The study evaluated 39 patients with VKC for QoL with the aid of a questionnaire before and after the treatment at 3rd and 6th months of follow-up. The questionnaires were made with domains such as ocular health perception (0–36), activities of daily life (0–28), activities related to school life (0–40), social interaction (0–20), visual function (0–20), and associated allergies (0–16).

Results:

The symptom score of ocular health perception improved from 17.08 at the initial visit to 15 in the 3rd month and 12.28 in the 6th month of follow-up. Similarly, the symptom score for daily life activities improved from 11.08 to 9.18 and 6.78, academic performance improved from 5.95 to 5.39 and 3.91, sports performance improved from 4.16 to 3.33 and 1.78, extracurricular activity performance improved from 2.88 to 2.56 and 1.55, social functioning improved from 4.47 to 3.86 and 2.78, and visual function improved from 4 to 3.12 and 1.78 at the time of presentation, in the 3rd and 6th month of follow-up, respectively.

Conclusion:

QoL of patients suffering from VKC improved remarkably significantly from pre- to posttreatment.
Kitchen Ophthalmic Surgeon: Polishing Surgical Skills at Home
Authors: Akkara John Davis , Kuriakose Anju
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical education and training, leaving medical students and residents with limited access to hands-on learning opportunities. In the field of ophthalmology, where surgical skills are crucial, a creative solution has been found: the kitchen ophthalmic surgeon. Coined by Dr. John Davis Akkara and Dr. Anju Kuriakose, consultant ophthalmologists in Kochi, India, this approach involves using household items to simulate surgical procedures and practice techniques at home. In a YouTube video, Dr. Akkara and Dr. Kuriakose demonstrate various procedures using items like boiled eggs, tomatoes, onions, and fruits to mimic surgical scenarios. While unconventional, this approach has shown promise in improving surgical skills and knowledge. However, it has limitations, such as the lack of feedback from experienced surgeons and the inability to replicate the feel of the anterior chamber. Despite these limitations, the kitchen ophthalmic surgeon approach offers several benefits. It is accessible, cost-effective, allows for repetition and skill development, and boosts trainees’ confidence. Furthermore, alternative methods like virtual reality (VR) simulations and 3D printing have also emerged as promising tools for surgical training. Although more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of home-based surgical simulation, early studies show its potential in maintaining and improving surgical skills. Aspiring kitchen ophthalmic surgeons should prioritize safety, choose appropriate household items, and recognize that this approach complements, but does not substitute, traditional training opportunities.
Evolution of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Budhiraja Gunjan
Published: December 2024

Corneal Collagen crosslinking (CXL) has brought a breakthrough in the field of ophthalmology. CXL strengthens the corneal tissue by utilizing riboflavin (Vitamin B2) which acts as a photosensitizer. CXL has been evolving over many years. The evidence is that it was first proposed for the collagen and Elastins over the porcine eyes which demonstrated that it increased the corneal stiffness using a combination of blue light, ultraviolet (UV) light, riboflavin, and sunlight to in-vivo application by Wollensak et al for progressive keratoconus. Mechanism is based upon various photochemical reactions involving riboflavin and photosensitiser as ultraviolet light. Over years there has been various modifications and improvements in understanding of the utility of CXL. Different protocols which have been popularly used are conventional or Dresden protocol evolving into accelerated protocols etc. CXL has been studied by many researchers in various other fields of ophthalmology. Breakthrough was achieved in for infective keratitis (PACK-CXL). Future of CXL and potential is ever evolving and can be studied more extensively in myopia control and various other fields of opthalmology with more safety measures and predictable results in the armamentorium of the opthalmologists.
Single Sitting Same Site Sutureless Phacotrabeculectomy Without Scleral Punch
Authors: Singh Shakeen , Chawla Khushboo , Bhatti Anubha , Kaur Divnoor
Published: December 2024

Background:

The incidence of glaucoma and cataract increases with age but the combined disease has become more common due to an increase in life expectancy. As combined phacotrabeculectomy has become the treatment of choice for coexisting cataract and glaucoma in recent years, we have introduced a new technique of single sitting same site suture less phacotrabeculectomy without the scleral punch in patients with comorbidity of cataract and glaucoma. It is quite safe and effective procedure for the control of intraocular pressure and visual rehabilitation in these patients with both diseases together. This combined surgery does not require any additional equipment and is economical, with lesser complications and faster visual recovery.

Aim:

To study the effectiveness, and conplication of single site combined phaco-trabeculectomy procedure in eyes with glaucoma.

Material and Method:

Interventional study on 25 patients with advanced glaucoma and cataract underwent single site Phaco-trabeculectomy surgery under local anaesthesia. Postoperative Followups done on day 1, 5,15,30 2months and 6months for vision, IOP control and any post operative complications was done.

Results:

An average IOP drop of 25% was noted at 1month follow up with a maintance of IOP at long term 6 month follow up. NO intraoperative complications were seen,however, low IOP was seen in 3 out of 25 patients in the initial 1 week followup which recovered spontaneously.

Conclusion:

This technique being simpler can be adopted in routine by all as a primary surgical procedure in patients with combined cataract and glaucoma.
Irony of Ocular Inflammation by an Anti-Inflammatory Medicinal Shrub-Calotropis Procera
Authors: Bhatia Agrima , Kumar Santosh
Published: December 2024

Calotropis procera is known to cause violent keratoconjunctivitis, iridocyclitis and even secondary glaucoma. We report a case of ocular toxicity following accidental inoculation of latex of Calotropis procera. Our patient presented with sudden, painful diminution of vision which is unlike the anticipated presentation owing to the anesthetic properties of this plant. The eye had striae keratopathy and a large epithelial defect. After treatment with topical corticosteroids, cycloplegics and preservative free tear supplements, patient showed complete recovery within a period of 7 days. Usual recovery period may range from 3-14 days. On specular microscopy a marginal decrease in endothelial cell count and pleomorphism was noted in affected eye during recovery period which was possibly due to the subject injury. Latex of Calotropis procera can cause significant ocular morbidity which is preventable by health education regarding protective eye gear.
Color Vision Deficiency Prevalence among NEET-UG Aspirants: A Medical Examination Analysis in Meerut
Authors: Singh Kirti , Gussain Priyanka , Qamar Ayesha , Gupta Alka
Published: December 2024

Background:

Color vision deficiency (CVD), a genetic disorder affecting the cones in the retina, is prevalent across human populations. It is a sex-linked recessive trait, occurring predominantly in males and transmitted through females. Studies in Eastern India have shown a significant prevalence of CVD, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and screening, especially in fields where color discrimination is crucial, such as medicine.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of color vision defects in NEET-UG medical aspirants at our medical college, Meerut, and to raise awareness about this condition.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted from July 15 to August 15, 2023, on 2000 students (1124 males, 876 females). A detailed questionnaire assessed visual acuity, familial medical history, ocular health, and Vitamin A supplementation. Color vision was evaluated using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color plates.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 20.4 years. Color blindness prevalence was 2.6% (52/2000), exclusively in males. Among these, 45 were partially color blind and 7 were totally color blind. Surprisingly, 75% of the affected group were previously unaware of their condition. In addition, 21% had a family history of color blindness.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the lack of awareness of color vision defects among future medical professionals. It advocates for early screening and counseling, with an emphasis on students before they embark on specialized educational paths. This approach is vital for the timely detection and management of CVD in medical training and practice.
Case Report on a Rare Case of Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: Thakur Nidhi , Sachdeo Sushil , Kujur Swati
Published: December 2024

Goldenhar Syndrome is a rare congenital defect characterized by craniofacial abnormalities associated with vertebral, cardiac, renal, central nervous system and gastrointestinal malformation. We report a case of 15 year old female came with the clinical findings of Goldenhar syndrome. It is a clinical diagnosis with generally no genetic defect as its karyotype is normal. Patient had findings which correlates with the diagnosis of Goldenhar syndrome, i.e Ophthalmic, ENT, and Vertebral deformity present. She was operated for cleft lip when she was 1yr 6 months of age. She is operated for dermoid cyst excision in left eye at present. Being a rare syndrome with multiple defect and multisystem involvement early diagnosis is important as it requires long term commitment for treatment.
Procedural pain management in neonates: A Narrative review
Authors: Khanna Sukul , Alhyan Pinki , Batra Prerna , Bhaskar Vikram
Published: December 2024

Over the past three decades, awareness regarding pain management in neonates has risen significantly. It has been very well established that neonates can perceive, feel, and react to stimuli that cause pain and discomfort to them. Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are repeatedly subjected to invasive treatments, most of which are painful. These procedures, nevertheless, are still performed, sometimes without sufficient analgesia. Exposure to frequent traumatic and painful procedures has been associated with several adverse effects such as altered brain growth and signs of internalization. Both inadequate and excessive analgesia during this period of rapid development may lead to profound neurodevelopmental outcomes. Ensuring the avoidance of pain in NICUs is a crucial obligation from both ethical and medical standpoints. Despite established international criteria, there is currently insufficient adherence to this criterion, highlighting the need for additional development in uniformly providing effective pain management to newborns in NICUs.
Evaluation of a novel serum marker, interleukin 27, in comparison to procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care center in north India
Authors: Rautela Apurva , Garg Jaya , Agarwal Jyotsna , Raj Nikhil , Das Anupam , Sen Manodeep
Published: December 2024

Background:

Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age globally, with the highest incidence reported in India. The challenges in diagnosing neonatal sepsis often result in the irrational use of antibiotics. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic efficacy of interleukin 27 (IL-27) as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India from May 2019 to April 2020. Eighty neonates suspected of sepsis were enrolled based on the sepsis screen criteria approved by the National Neonatal Forum of India. Blood samples were collected for culture and biomarker analysis, with C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and IL-27 levels measured. The diagnostic performance of IL-27 was compared to that of CRP and PCT.

Results:

Out of 80 neonates, 56% were male and 44% were female. Blood cultures were positive in 51.2% of cases. The most common pathogens isolated were Gram-negative bacteria (41%), fungi (34%), and Gram-positive bacteria (25%). IL-27 demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.05%, specificity of 61.54%, positive predictive value of 68.09%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 72.73%. In comparison, PCT showed the highest sensitivity (82.93%), and CRP had the highest specificity (79.49%). IL-27 levels were notably higher in blood culture-positive cases.

Conclusions:

IL-27 is a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, showing comparable sensitivity and NPV to PCT, but with lower specificity than CRP.
The compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Wu Wei , Li Xuejuan , Wang Chengyan , Chai Ke , Yuan Fanru , Zheng Huijuan , Yao Yuxing , Li Chenlu , Ye Zu-Cheng , Zha Daijun
Published: December 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202511000-00034/figure1/v/2024-12-20T164640Z/r/image-tiff

Previous studies have shown that the compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (D30), a pyromeconic acid derivative, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits amyloid-β aggregation, and alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, similar to the phase III clinical drug resveratrol. In this study, we established a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via intracerebroventricular injection of fibrillar amyloid-β to investigate the effect of D30 on fibrillar amyloid-β–induced neuropathology. Our results showed that D30 alleviated fibrillar amyloid-β–induced cognitive impairment, promoted fibrillar amyloid-β clearance from the hippocampus and cortex, suppressed oxidative stress, and inhibited activation of microglia and astrocytes. D30 also reversed the fibrillar amyloid-β–induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic protein expression. Notably, we demonstrated that exogenous fibrillar amyloid-β introduced by intracerebroventricular injection greatly increased galectin-3 expression levels in the brain, and this increase was blocked by D30. Considering the role of D30 in clearing amyloid-β, inhibiting neuroinflammation, protecting synapses, and improving cognition, this study highlights the potential of galectin-3 as a promising treatment target for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Glutamatergic CYLD deletion leads to aberrant excitatory activity in the basolateral amygdala: association with enhanced cued fear expression
Authors: Li Huidong , Li Faqin , Chen Zhaoyi , Wu Erwen , Dai Xiaoxi , Li Danni , An Haojie , Zeng Shiyi , Wang Chunyan , Yang Li , Long Cheng
Published: December 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202511000-00029/figure1/v/2024-12-20T164640Z/r/image-tiff

Neuronal activity, synaptic transmission, and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells, yet under-investigated in the brain, where it is highly expressed. Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, fear memory, and anxiety- and autism-like behaviors. However, the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown. Here, we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression. We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons. Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice. Further, loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation, impaired excitatory synaptic transmission, and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice. Altogether, our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal, synaptic, and microglial activation. This may contribute, at least in part, to cued fear expression.
Effectiveness of various physical and psycho-behavioral interventions for patients of chronic nonspecific low back pain: An evidence-based narrative review
Authors: Singh Vithika , Goel Deepak
Published: December 2024

Low back pain (LBP) is the most disabling condition worldwide. The point prevalence of LBP in a given adult population is 12% and the overall lifetime prevalence is about 40% and the most common is chronic nonspecific LBP (CNSLBP). Nonpharmacological interventions are the first-line therapies for its treatment. Since there is now long list of different physical and psychological interventions for patients of CNSLBP, the important question is how to select better modality of intervention for a given patient? A variety of studies on nonpharmacological therapies for chronic low back pain (CNSLBP) and chronic low back pain in people older than 18 years old were searched for on Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed between 2014 and 2023. The studies chosen, included outcome criteria of pain intensity and disability. A total of 40 systematic reviews, Cochrane reviews, and meta-analyses were analyzed for various physical and psychobehavioral interventions. Various interventions reviewed were: (1) aerobics exercises, (2) resistance training, (3) motor control exercises (MCE), (4) stabilization techniques, (5) sling, (6) McKenzie, (7) pilates, (8) yoga, (9) traditional Chinese exercises (TCE), (10) manual therapy, (11) massage therapy, (12) global postural re-education, (13) cognitive behavioral therapy, (14) mindfulness-based stress reduction, (15) cognitive functional therapy, and (16) pain education-based therapy. Findings in our review suggested that at present, physical interventions (among aerobic exercises, MCE, Pilates, and TCE) with combination of psychological interventions based on individualized parameters can be the best option for the patients having CNSLBP.
Effect of physiotherapy on menopausal symptoms in females – A systematic review
Authors: Rangey Priyasingh Bhagirathsingh , Shah Nehal
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Several studies have concluded the benefits of various physiotherapy interventions such as pelvic floor muscle training, aerobic exercises, and strength training on urinary incontinence and physical, sexual, and psychological symptoms related to menopause. Physiotherapy provides an inexpensive, nonpharmacological alternative to hormone replacement therapy which forms the current mainstay of management of menopausal symptoms. Among physiotherapy interventions, land-based exercises are rather convenient to perform for the subjects. The objective of the systematic review was to study the effect of land-based exercises on these menopausal symptoms.

METHODS:

Search was made on electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, HINARI, and ClinicalTrials.gov for a period extending from June 2005 to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing exercise with no active intervention were included.

RESULTS:

Four studies were found suitable to be included in the review. A total of 493 participants were analyzed across studies. The Risk of Bias (RoB) tool 2.0, PEDro, and GRADE were used to assess the quality of the included studies. The evidence was found to be insufficient to draw out any major conclusions. The studies were of poor methodological quality except one. According to RoB 2.0, one study had some concerns, two had low RoB, and one had high RoB. According to PEDro, three studies had good and one study had excellent quality. According to GRADE, there seemed to be no reporting bias in either of the studies and the overall grade of evidence was moderate.

CONCLUSION:

The results suggest a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Impact of exercise intervention on cancer-related fatigue and functional capacity among cancer patients
Authors: Satish Madhavan Sasidharan , Vidhubala E. , Veeraiah Surendran , Vijay Srinivasan , Krishnamurthy Arvind
Published: December 2024

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and shifts in functional capacity are common side effects of cancer treatments among the cancer population. Considering the extent to which it influences quality of life (QOL), there is an urgent need to understand the magnitude of this concern. The aim of this review was to comprehend the influence of exercise intervention on the management of CRF, functional capacity, and QOL. This study also aimed to determine the association between CRF, functional capacity, and QOL. CINAHL, Medline, ScienceDirect, Knowledge genie, Research Gate, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Oncology Journals at the Cancer Institute (WIA) library were searched. There were 55 studies included in the study, involving 4722 patients. Most studies demonstrated a reduction in CRF and improvements in QOL and functional capacity. When CRF decreases, QOL was found to improve along with functional capacity. Promising evidence exists regarding the benefits of exercise interventions in the alleviation of CRF and the improvement of functional capacity and QOL. More research is required on the mechanisms underlying CRF and gains in functional capacity due to exercise interventions. By doing so, health-care professionals can optimize exercise interventions as required for their patients.
Role of electrical stimulation on constipation among young children: Systematic review
Authors: Aman Ifra , Yadav Sapna
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Constipation frequently has multiple causes and could be an indication of an underlying medical illness. In addition, lesions or anatomical abnormalities within the colon may be the cause of constipation. Numerous therapeutic approaches, including physiotherapy methods, abdominal massage, electrical stimulation, biofeedback, exercise, connective tissue manipulation, and Kinesio Taping, are effective in treating constipation in children. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a non-invasive, safe, and simple-to-use interference current used to stimulate nerves, is one of the most widely utilized methods. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation enhanced the frequency of defecation and decreased soiling in children.

METHODOLOGY:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were formed for this review. The following electronic databases were explored for the review and experimental study that took place between 2004 and 2024: Search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Cinahl, and the WoS.

RESULTS:

Before being submitted to the Rayyan website for selection, the records that were obtained were analyzed by Zotero. Initially, 160 articles were screened for the study out of which only n = 6 articles were included in the after screening on the basis of eligibility criteria.

CONCLUSION:

It has been concluded that electrical stimulations such as TENS and interferential therapy have a beneficial effect in treating constipation among children of the age group of 2–18 years.
Effect of short duration high-intensity plyometric training combined with dynamic stretching on speed in male cricketers
Authors: Jawalkar Sejal Ashish , Thodge Kirti Anil , Jerome Albin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cricket is a very popular sport played in several countries and has undergone drastic changes with years. In modern day cricket, sprinting speed is considered to be an essential athletic quality and needs to be focused on while training these players. Plyometric training (PT) helps to enhance muscle power and a long training duration has shown to improve sprint performance. Dynamic stretching is demonstrated to enhance performance in subsequent dynamic concentric external resistance, power and sprint time. However, little evidence is available on effects of short duration high-intensity PT on speed in cricketers. Previous research has focused on interventions lasting 4–8 weeks, whereas our intervention spans just 2 weeks.

AIM:

The aim is to study the effect of short duration high-intensity PT combined with dynamic stretching on speed in male cricketers.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Forty male cricketers were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups – Group A (PT group) and Group B (Conventional training group). Group A underwent PT protocol combined with dynamic stretching for 2 weeks (3 sessions/week) whereas Group B underwent conventional training for speed given at clubs.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Paired and unpaired t-test was used for intra-group and inter-group comparison of data, respectively.

RESULTS:

Subjects of Group A showed statistically significant improvements in speed post intervention. However, Group B did not show any statistically significant increase in speed.

CONCLUSION:

A short duration high-intensity PT protocol combined with dynamic stretching has a significantly positive effect for enhancing speed in young male cricketers.
Effects of low-level diode laser therapy as an adjunct to modified Widman flap in subjects with Stage III periodontitis: A clinical study
Authors: Varshney Shailesh , Kelvin Rajkumar , Siddharth M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

A growing body of research indicates that low-level laser therapy’s (LLLTs) biostimulatory action benefits both hard and soft tissues, increasing collagen and promoting bone repair.

Aim:

This study was designed to assess the clinical effects of 810 nm low-level diode (GaAlAs) laser therapy as an adjunct to modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery in subjects with Stage III periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 10 patients who were diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis. The contralateral control side received MWF treatment along with a placebo laser application, the test side received MWF along with LLLT. Following surgery, clinical measures including the papillary bleeding index (PBI), plaque index (PI), clinical probing depth (CPD), and relative attachment levels (RALs) were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months intervals.

Results:

Participants had a mean age of 35.3 years. The postsurgical intervention showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) only in PBI scores at 1 month (0.1 ± 0.31) and 3 months (0.10 ± 0.32) in intergroup analysis. Similar significant improvements were not observed with the measurement of other clinical parameters such as PI, CPD, and RAL.

Conclusion:

Biostimulatory effect of 810 nm LLLT was restricted to soft tissues only leading to improvement in PBI Scores. Its effect on other clinical parameters remains controversial during MWF surgery.
Effect of a yogic stress management technique (cyclic meditation) on stress, mindfulness, and well-being: A systematic review
Authors: Ranisha K. , Kumari Sony
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Cyclic meditation (CM) is a unique form of guided meditation that alternates between yoga postures and relaxation techniques to achieve a state of deep relaxation. Originating from ancient yogic wisdom and developed by SVYASA University, CM has gained popularity as an effective method for stress management and overall well-being which can be practiced by even beginners to induce the meditative state. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by summarizing peer-reviewed studies on CMs impact on stress and well-being. The authors conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to summarize the evidence of CM for recommending it as a well-being practice or an intervention for stress and related health problems. Electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, CNKI, and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed studies related to CM that reported at least one outcome of stress and well-being in the diverse populations. The search was limited to papers published in the English language and published between 2006 and 2022. A search yielded 109 results. In all, 16 papers were considered for the review. Studies demonstrated a significant reduction in stress levels and improvement in well-being. The review showcased the positive effect of CM, and the quality of the studies was consistent; however, more high-quality randomized controlled trials with the long-term follow-ups are needed to confirm the result in the clinical and nonclinical populations.
LSP courses as strategic sites for interculturalisation at home: exploring opportunities and facing challenges
Authors: Bocanegra-Valle Ana
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the internationalisation of higher education and explores the opportunities and challenges faced by LSP teachers when attempting to integrate interculturality in LSP courses and their everyday teaching – that is, when they aim at interculturalisation at home (Jones, 2020). It examines, among others, the instruments developed within the European Higher Education Area to introduce the intercultural component into education across Europe, the role of LSP textbooks in fostering and supporting intercultural language learning, the benefits of interculturalised syllabi and activities in LSP courses, and the contribution of LSP teachers to the interculturalisation of LSP classrooms. These issues are addressed from a pragmatic standpoint in an attempt to spark conversation and provide clear pointers for further advancement in the field.
La personne dans des systèmes langagiers
Authors: Frleta Tomislav
Published: December 2024

Trois livres très significatifs pour la compréhension du système de la langue française affirment l’importance de la catégorie de la personne en ne la mentionnant presque pas. La fameuse phrase de Tesnière – Alfred parle. – en est un exemple typique. Tesnière lui-même y voit trois éléments : S, P, et « connexion ». Cette « connexion » ne sera reconnue que beaucoup plus tard comme la catégorie de la personne. Moignet, dans sa Systématique de la langue française (1981), ne mentionne quasiment pas le terme de la personne même si celui-ci se trouve à trois reprises dans le tableau du système des parties de la langue. Finalement, Baylon et Fabre (1978), en évoquant les actualisateurs du substantif, affirment que « l’adjectif démonstratif représente le point le plus achevé de la réalisation » en concluant que « la localisation devient alors une réalisation, une détermination. » La personne y est mise sur le plan secondaire.
Dans notre travail, nous essaierons de montrer que la personne joue un rôle décisif dans le système des parties de la langue, dans le rapport entre le Sujet et le Prédicat ainsi que dans le procès de la détermination du nom où celui-ci se définit par rapport à l’espace qui, à son tour, dépend de la personne (du sujet parlant) c’est-à-dire du « moi ». Nous allons également souligner l’importance de la personne (aussi bien grammaticale que physique) dans différents systèmes langagiers, qu’il s’agisse d’un mini-système (par exemple une phrase simple), d’un midi-système, comme celui des déterminants, ou qu’il s’agisse du maxi-système (des classes de mots).
Developing an Assessment Instrument Model for Indonesian Cultural-based Oral Presentation for Undergraduate EFL Students
Authors: Mandasari Berlinda , Rahmah Maulida , Mukminatien Nur
Published: December 2024

As demand grows for highly qualified graduates with strong oral communication skills, prioritizing English-speaking proficiency in higher education has become essential. Incorporating local cultures into language teaching can boost students’ confidence, engagement, and cultural awareness. However, the absence of effective classroom-based assessment instruments to measure students’ communication competence hinders the achievement of learning objectives. This study aims to develop a speaking assessment model in terms of a valid speaking prompt and culture-based speaking assessment indicators. Experts verified the instruments based on content validity. The instruments were designed specifically to meet the needs of classroom-based assessment instruments in culture-based speaking activities. Developed from the course description and learning objectives of English for tourism conversation course at a private university in Indonesia, this study employed research and development (R&D) by adopting the ADDIE model covering the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. After gathering data by reviewing related literature and involving experts to validate the instruments, this study obtained the following conclusions. First, the speaking prompt is valid and relevant to the learning objectives; second, the culture-based speaking assessment indicators are valid and relevant to assess culture-based speaking activities. Three competencies are expected to be achieved from the speaking activities – linguistic, intercultural communication, and self-management. Therefore, it is proposed that the model be used to create a classroom-based assessment instrument not only for speaking skills but also for other aspects of English language development. This versatility highlights the potential for further research and the application of the model to various other educational contexts.