bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investment Valuation with Tax-optimized Financing Decisions and a Tax-optimized Default Alternative
Authors: Hundsdoerfer Jochen , Kruschwitz Lutz , Lorenz Daniela
Published: March 2014

In this paper we evaluate an indivisible investment project that is carried out in a corporation under very simple premises. In particular, we discuss a one-period model with certainty, the pure domestic case and proportional tax rates. Surprisingly, the decision problem turns out to be rather complex if one has to make allowance for different taxation of the corporation and its owner. Altogether there are more than 10 cases that have to be distinguished if the firm’s managers want to make a correct decision, depending on the relation of personal and corporate tax rates.
Using Dynamic Programming Decomposition for Revenue Management with Opaque Products
Authors: Gönsch Jochen , Steinhardt Claudius
Published: March 2014

Opaque products enable service providers to hide specific characteristics of their service fulfillment from the customer until after purchase. Prominent examples include internet-based service providers selling airline tickets without defining details, such as departure time or operating airline, until the booking has been made. Owing to the resulting flexibility in resource utilization, the traditional revenue management process needs to be modified. In this paper, we extend dynamic programming decomposition techniques widely used for traditional revenue management to develop an intuitive capacity control approach that allows for the incorporation of opaque products. In a simulation study, we show that the developed approach significantly outperforms other well-known capacity control approaches adapted to the opaque product setting. Based on the approach, we also provide computational examples of how the share of opaque products as well as the degree of opacity can influence the results.
The Car Resequencing Problem with Pull-Off Tables
Authors: Boysen Nils , Golle Uli , Rothlauf Franz
Published: March 2014

The car sequencing problem determines sequences of different car models launched down a mixed- model assembly line. To avoid work overloads of workforce, car sequencing restricts the maximum occurrence of labor-intensive options, e.g., a sunroof, by applying sequencing rules. We consider this problem in a resequencing context, where a given number of buffers (denoted as pull-off tables) is available for rearranging a stirred sequence. The problem is formalized and suited solution procedures are developed. A lower bound and a dominance rule are introduced which both reduce the running time of our graph approach. Finally, a real-world resequencing setting is investigated.
Cognition, culture, and credibility: deconstructing feedback in medical education
Authors: Watling Christopher
Published: March 2014

None
Sensible Dress: the Sight, Sound, Smell and Touch of Late Ertebølle Mesolithic Cloth Types
Authors: Harris Susanna
Published: March 2014

The aim of this article is to investigate the sight, sound, smell and touch of different cloth types in the Late Ertebølle of southern Scandinavia and to argue that such an approach provides stimulating new insights into an area of material culture that has previously been studied by archaeologists in a highly empirical manner. The archaeological evidence drawn together in this article points to this as a time when furs and skin products were of prime importance and plant fibres were the basis for knotted nets, looped cloth and basketry. In the archaeological literature these cloth types are usually treated separately and described according to the species of raw materials, such as pine marten fur, or the technology of their production, such as couched button-hole stitch. Using an experiment where participants are asked to handle modern cloth types and answer structured questionnaires, it is possible to create a sensory description of these cloth types. These descriptive results are then used to reconsider aspects of cloth and clothing in the Late Ertebølle of southern Scandinavia. By moving from the standard technological description to a sensory description, the Mesolithic cloth types investigated in this article are placed within a sensory and phenomenological theoretical framework. The presentation of these results seeks to provide a new description of these materials and allow archaeologists to revaluate the culturally-embedded nature of cloth and clothing at that time.
Urban Gardens and Parks in Pre-modern States and Empires
Authors: Stark Barbara L.
Published: March 2014

Elaborate urban gardens and parks played key roles in social competition, imperial and primordial symbolism, and public amenity access. Comparative data from 19 societies or cultural traditions indicate the varied content, activities, and contexts of elaborate (and sometimes ordinary) urban gardens and parks in pre-modern states and empires. Despite sparse economic characterizations, investments in them often represented a horizontal grandeur rivalling palatial and monumental construction. Investments in and access to urban parks and gardens are intimately related to the political economy and governance.
Regioselective 1,4- over 1,2-addition of 3,3-bis(silyl) allyloxy lithium to enals, enones and enoates. The remarkable α-effect of silicon
Authors: Ye Xincui , Sun Xianwei , Huang Zhenggang , Yang Na , Su Zhishan , Hu Changwei , Song Zhenlei
Published: March 2014

The remarkable α-effect of silicon leads to a regioselective 1,4- over 1,2-addition of 3,3-bis(silyl) allyloxy lithium to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Molecular insights into hydrogen bonds in polyurethane/hindered phenol hybrids: evolution and relationship with damping properties
Authors: Xu Kangming , Zhang Fengshun , Zhang Xianlong , Hu Qiaoman , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun
Published: March 2014

By combining experiments and MD simulation, the relationship between hydrogen bond evolution and damping property variation of TPU was revealed.
Demonstration of the thermal stability advantage of advanced exchange coupled composite media
Authors: Florez S. H. , Ikeda Y. , Hennen T. , Zhu F. Q. , Takano K. , Terris B. D.
Published: March 2014

We systematically vary the strength of the vertical interlayer exchange coupling (VIEC) between the magnetic layers (MLs) of an advanced exchange coupled composite media and experimentally investigate, through magnetic viscosity and dynamic coercivity measurements, the impact on the thermal stability. The strength of the VIEC is controlled through exchange coupling layers of varied thicknesses, whereas MLs are unchanged. We estimate the thermal energy barrier ΔEo as a function of the VIEC within the standard Arrhenius-Neel relaxation and Sharrock formalisms and characterize the effect of the VIEC on the degree of incoherency in the grain reversal mechanism. The analysis shows that while ΔEo drops for weaker VIEC, the ratio of ΔEo to MsHo energy per activation volume is maintained near 2 and weakly optimizes for intermediate VIEC.
Ring-shaped polariton lasing in pillar microcavities
Authors: Kalevich V. K. , Afanasiev M. M. , Lukoshkin V. A. , Kavokin K. V. , Tsintzos S. I. , Savvidis P. G. , Kavokin A. V.
Published: March 2014

Optically generated exciton-polaritons in cylindric semiconductor pillar microcavity with embedded GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells demonstrate a clear polariton lasing regime. When exciting in the center of the pillar, we detect a ring-shaped emission, where the peak of intensity can be separated from the excitation spot by more than 10 μm. The spatial coherence of the ring emission is verified by interferometry measurements. These observations are interpreted by drift of the exciton polariton condensate away from the excitation spot due to its repulsion from the exciton reservoir and by its spatial confinement by the pillar boundary.
Construction of Lanthanide–Organic Frameworks from the Flexible Bifunctional Ligand 1,3-Bis(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)propane
Authors: Ji Baoming , Xu Chunying , Liu Leilei , Yin Guojie , Du Chenxia
Published: March 2014

The solvothermal reactions of the bifunctional flexible ligand 1,3-bis(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)propane with lanthanide salts via an in situ ligand transformation reaction afforded four novel isostructural lanthanide metal–organic frameworks, formulated as {(NH4)[Ln(bcpp)2]·2H2O}n (Ln = Eu (1), Sm (2), Nd (3), and Pr (4), H2bcpp = 1,3-bis(2-carboxyl-4-pyridyl)propane). Polymers 1–4 were characterised by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The results reveal that the four polymers are isostructural. In the molecular structures of 1–4, the bifunctional flexible ligand bcpp2– presents two kinds of conformations, trans–gauche and trans–trans, and forms a complicated 3D architecture by sharing LnIII ions. Topology analysis shows that polymers 1–4 all have a binodal (3,5)-connected (4·6·8)(4·65·83·10) topology with alternately left- and right-handed helical chains. Moreover, polymers 1–4 show similar thermal behaviour and 1 exhibits an intense characteristic red europium emission.
Market effects of catch share management: the case of New England multispecies groundfish
Authors: Scheld Andrew M. , Anderson Christopher M.
Published: March 2014

In 2010, management of New England multispecies groundfish transitioned from input restrictions on harvester effort to collective rights-based management. Faced with a large reduction in harvesting days, 432 active vessels, representing 98% of historical landings, joined one of the 17 sectors allocated catch shares. The incentives presented under sector management, combined with regulations of several separately managed, revenue-important species, led to changes in harvest strategies and the timing of landings for both multispecies groundfish and many other species targeted by the sector vessels. Temporally modified landings altered the exvessel market mix of a range of species throughout the fishing year, significantly affecting prices received as well as annual harvester revenues. Two counterfactual individual harvester landings' timing scenarios for 25 species are combined with independent fixed effects models of inverse dealer demand in estimating the revenue effects of catch shares during their first year. Aggregate gains of over $30 000 000 were found to result from advantageous market timing changes brought on by more flexible catch share management.
Detection of Satellite DNA Beta in Tomato Plants with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Jordan
Authors: Anfoka G. , Ahmad F. Haj , Altaleb M. , Al Shhab M.
Published: March 2014

In Jordan, as well as many countries in the region, tomato production is threatened by begomoviruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex (1). In 2013, an experiment was conducted at Homret Al-Sahen, Jordan (GPS coordinates 32°05′06″ N, 35°38′52″ E), to evaluate different tomato breeding lines for resistance against viruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). Disease symptoms, typical of those caused by TYLCV complex, were observed in many susceptible lines. However, some lines exhibited unusual symptoms including severe leaf curling and stunting. To identify the causal agent of these symptoms, total nucleic acids were extracted from 21 symptomatic plants and used as templates in PCR analysis using nine primers, previously described to detect Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, and two recombinants between TYLCV and TYLCSV (3). In addition, the universal primer pair β01/β02 (2) was used to investigate the association of satDNA β with the disease. The PCR products characteristic of TYLCV (664 bp) could be amplified from five plants indicating single infection, while double infection with TYLCV and satDNA β (1,320 bp) was detected in seven plants. Mixed infection with TYLCV, TYLCSV (628 bp), and satDNA β was detected in another seven symptomatic plants and only one plant was infected with TYLCV and TYLCSV. A single plant had mixed infection with TYLCV, TYLCSV, and RecA (a recombinant between TYLCV/TYLCSV) (538 bp) (3). Amplicons obtained from two plants using β01/β02 primers were directly sequenced as 1,320-bp PCR products. Both sequences were found identical and, therefore, this sequence was deposited in the GenBank under the accession number KJ396939. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this satDNA β sequence had the highest nucleotide (95%) identity with Okra leaf curl virus (OkLCV) satDNA 3 (AF397217) and OkLCV satDNA 10 (AF397215). The contribution of the satDNA β in the modulation of the TYLCD symptoms will be further investigated. Few years ago, another satDNA (Tomβ01-Om) was reported in Oman to be associated with TYLCD (4). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of satDNA β in tomato plants infected with viruses causing TYLCD in Jordan. The increasing diversity of begomoviruses causing TYLCD in the region is of great concern due to the possible emergence of more virulent viruses and subsequent increased losses to tomato production.

References: (1) G. Anfoka et al. J. Plant Pathol. 90:311, 2008. (2) R. W. Briddon and J. Stanley. Virology 344:198, 2006. (3) S. Davino et al. Virus Res. 143:15, 2009. (4) A. J. Khan et al. Virus Gene 36:169, 2008.
Methyl 3,5-bis(cyclohexylmethoxy)benzoate
Authors: Corfield Peter W. R. , Paccagnini Michele L. , Balija Amy M.
Published: March 2014

In the title compound, C22H32O4, the atoms of the methyl ester group and the alkoxy O atoms are all coplanar with the central aromatic ring, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.008 Å. Bonds to the methylene and cyclohexyl groups are also very close to this plane, so that the molecule is essentially flat, apart from the cyclohexyl groups. The mean planes through the cyclohexyl groups are tilted by 30.08 (9) and 36.14 (7)° with respect to the central aromatic ring. In the crystal, pairs of molecules linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds form planar units which are stacked along theaaxis, with an average interplanar distance of 3.549 (2) Å. Stacking appears to be stabilized by further weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
1-Methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro-1H-benzimidazole
Authors: El Ghozlani Mohamed , Rakib El Mostapha , Medaghri-Alaoui Abdelouahid , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: March 2014

The molecule of the title compound, C9H9N3O2S, is built up from fused five- and six-membered rings connected to methylsulfanyl and nitro groups, respectively. The mean plane through the fused ring system is inclined slightly relative to the plane passing through the nitro group [dihedral angle = 3.6 (2)°]. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between imidazole rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.667 (3) Å], forming a three-dimensional network.
Bis[tris(phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)cobalt(II)] undecatungsto(VI)vanado(V)phosphate dihydrate
Authors: Hajsalem Assia , Aoun Sameh , Planchat Aurelien , Rzaigui Mohamed , Toumi Samah Akriche
Published: March 2014

In the title hydrated salt, [Co(C12H8N2)3]2[PVW11O40]·2H2O, the complete Kegggin ion is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry, which imposes statistical disorder on the O atoms of its central PO4group. The V atom is statistically disordered over all the metal sites of the anion. In the cation, the Co2+ion is coordinated by three bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands, generating a distorted CoN6octahedron. Possible very weak intramolecular C—H...π interactions occur in the cation. In the crystal, the components are linked by O—H...O and C—H...O interactions, building a three-dimensional network featuring one-dimensional voids along thec-axis direction.
2-[2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-phenylethyl]-2H-indazole
Authors: Özel Güven Özden , Türk Gökhan , Adler Philip D. F. , Coles Simon J. , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: March 2014

In the title compound, C22H18Cl2N2O, the indazole ring system is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.031 (2) Å], its mean plane is oriented at 3.17 (4) and 19.34 (4)° with respect to the phenyl and benzene rings. In the crystal, weak C—H...π interactions link the molecules into supramolecular chains running along theb-axis direction.
2-Ferrocenyl-6-(3-nitrophenyl)quinoline
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Er , Shi Guo-Qing , Geng Xin , Hao Xin-Qi , Song Mao-Ping
Published: March 2014

In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C20H13N2O2)], the substituted cyclopentadienyl ring and quinoline system are approximately coplanar, making a dihedral angle of 5.18 (6)°, while the dihedral angle between the quinoline system and the benzene ring is 28.45 (8)°. There is high thermal motion in the free cyclopentadienyl ring compared with the substituted cyclopentadienyl ring. The conformation of the two cyclopentadienyl rings in the ferrocenyl moiety is eclipsed.
Business process in supply chain integration in sugar and ethanol industry
Authors: Tadeu Simon Alexandre , Guilherme Satolo Eduardo , Abude Scheidl Herbert , Carlos Di Sério Luiz
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Despite the increasing interests in supply chain management (SCM) within academy and industrial environment, there is still a lack of academic literature concerning topics such as methodologies to guide and support supply chain integration. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– This article presents the application of a diagnosis method in a Brazilian company from the sugar and ethanol industry to identify the level of supply chain integration. The diagnosis method is based on Cooper, Lambert and Pagh reference model for SCM. The method involves nine referential axes established from the eighth key business processes of the reference model.

Findings

– It was pre-tested and supplemented with findings from interviews with academics and practitioners. Additionally, an illustration application was conducted in three relevant companies.

Originality/value

– The application results were useful for refining the method that can be considered as a diagnosis instrument to permit companies to evaluate its supply chain integration.
Symbiotic linkage of sustainability, development and differentiation
Authors: K. Sen Salil
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– There is a global convergence on issues pertaining to sustainability, such as water sharing, energy security and waste management. Symbiosis focus the need to secure an enduring relationship satisfying the quality of life need for novelty aspirations of the customers and stakeholders. This is addressed as sustainable differentiation. This study aims: to understand the need to develop the symbiosis of sustainable development and sustainable differentiation, to analyze the research framework of sustainability symbiosis though the underlying attributes of: need to develop, need to innovate and need to differentiate.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research design conceptualizes sustainable development as a process or evolution where firms may be symbiotically configured on the attributes of sustainability, development and differentiation. The logit analysis methodology addresses competitiveness coupled with environmentally benign technology to sustain the customers' preference for products and services that satisfy their quality of life needs. The approach is to estimate the symbiotic index of a local, regional or globally scalable habitat. The competitiveness coupled with environmentally benign technology can be sustained when the customers' preference for products and services satisfies their quality of life needs.

Findings

– The output indicates the significance (0.037 at 95 percent confidence level) of the constant term representing “quality of life need for novelty” justifying symbiotic linkage of sustainability, development and differentiation. There is goodness of fit (α 0.5617, Wald statistic 0.093) to establish the significance of the three variables of GDP (representing intensity of eco-efficient technology), population (standing for intensity of competitiveness) and sustaining empathy (in response to climate change). Their statistical significance indicates the propensity to differentiation given sustainable development would substantively improve the overall construct.

Research limitations/implications

– There is need for further research with primary data. The assumption that sustainable differentiation may become an indicator variable that may assume binary form needs thorough justification. The key implication is that differentiation creates grassroots distinctiveness to development that transforms sustainability into opportunity. This cost to benefit gap is bridged through the symbiotic chain of sustainability, development and differentiation.

Originality/value

– This sustainable differentiation metric harnesses a dormant, yet fundamental key to the success of sustainable development, the emotive linkage. This explanatory variable adds robustness to sustainable development models by way of etching a long-term memory trace for the sustainability practices of the organization as well as innovation efforts to differentiate long term providing an essence of competitiveness.
The innovative organization: doing more vs knowing more
Authors: J. Ali Abbas
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to contrast “doing more” and “knowing more” corporations. The paper sheds light on what makes a corporation competitive in the marketplace.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper discusses the concept of “doing more”, as exemplified in practice by Microsoft under the leadership of Steve Ballmer. The paper relies on recent debates on Microsoft to make its point.

Findings

– Based on a survey of the current literature on Microsoft and its CEO, the paper demonstrates that only corporations that are innovative and shape the competition landscape are able to make a difference in the marketplace and significantly alter the competition equation.

Originality/value

– The paper reflects on the state of Microsoft and what has led to its inability to recognize key shifts in technology and customers' expectations. The paper sets the stage for a better understanding of corporations that are about “doing more” and those which focus on reinventing themselves and their industry by being about “knowing more”.
Exploring emotional intelligence, political skill, and job satisfaction
Authors: Meisler Galit
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the associations between emotional intelligence (EI) and both political skill and job satisfaction, as well as the possibility that political skill mediates the relationship between EI and job satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data, collected from a sample of 368 employees, were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

– EI was positively related to political skill and job satisfaction. In addition, the findings show that political skill mediates the relationship between EI and job satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

– The research highlights the importance of EI and political skill in the workplace.

Practical implications

– EI training may be employed by organizations and human resource managers to enhance employees’ EI.

Originality/value

– Not enough research attention has been paid to exploring the interplay between EI and organizational politics. The current study clarifies the relationship between EI and political skill in the work arena. Moreover, this study found political skill to be a mediator in the relationship between EI and job satisfaction. Given that in the main the literature has neglected the possibility that political skill might act as a mediator and/or affect work attitudes/behaviors, findings from the current study broaden the scope through which the role of political skill in the workplace can be viewed.
An institutional logics approach to the heterogeneous world of highly skilled work
Authors: Pernicka Susanne , Reichel Astrid
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship of highly skilled work and (collective) power. It develops an institutional logics perspective and argues that highly skilled workers’ propensity to join trade unions varies by institutional order.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data from two occupational fields in Austria, university professors and management consultants, representing two different institutional orders were collected via questionnaires. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses.

Findings

– The results show that over and above organisational level variables, individual's background and employee power variables institutional logics significantly add to explaining trade union membership of highly skilled workers. Prevalence of a professional logic in a field makes collective action more likely than market logic.

Originality/value

– Highly skilled workers are overall described as identifying themselves more with the goals of their employer or client and with their professional peers than with other corporate employees or organised labour. They are thus expected to develop consent rather than conflict orientationvis-á-vistheir employers and clients. This paper supports a differentiated view and shows that within highly skilled work there are groups engaging in collective action. By developing an institutional logics perspective it provides a useful approach to explain heterogeneity within the world of highly skilled work.
When prison is “easier”: probationers’ perceptions of health and wellbeing
Authors: Plugge Emma , Ahmed Abdul Pari Anees , Maxwell Janet , Holland Sarah
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– There are currently over 300,000 offenders in England and Wales and the majority, around 240,000, are in the community on probation. However, there is a paucity of research on their health and healthcare needs. The purpose of this paper is to explore issues around health and access to health services for those on probation. In particular the paper explores what people on probation consider to be the key health issues currently affecting them, and to identify barriers to accessing healthcare in the community.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors ran six focus groups with a total of 41 participants; two were with staff and the others with men and women on probation. In each focus group, the researchers used semi-structured guide and the discussions were recorded electronically and then transcribed. The paper adopted a thematic analytical framework and used NVivo 7 to facilitate analysis.

Findings

– Both probationers and professionals largely agreed about the key issues which included substance use and mental health problems. However, the most important issue for probationers was dealing with the stress of being on probation which was not generally recognised by professionals. All participants recognised the impact of issues such as housing, finances and employment on the wellbeing of probationers and were concerned about the lack of access to health services, in particular mental health and alcohol services.

Research limitations/implications

– This was a small study conducted in one part of England and therefore it is not clear that the findings are generalisable. However, it raises important issues about the mental health needs of probationers and the lack of appropriate services for them. Effective services may have positive impact on re-offending and further research is needed to evaluate models of care.

Practical implications

– The challenge remains for local health service commissioners and providers and the probation service to work together to provide appropriate and accessible services for all those on probation.

Originality/value

– Nearly one-quarter of a million people are on probation at any one time in the UK but the existing evidence on their health is patchy and dated. Little is known about effective health interventions or the extent to which their health needs are met. This study shows that probationers see the stress of being on probation as their most important health concern. Both probationers and staff recognise that mental health and substance use are persistent problems and that these important health needs in these areas are not being met by existing services.
Evaluation of an e-learning package to improve understanding of blood-borne viruses amongst prison staff in Wales, UK
Authors: Ellen Perrett Stephanie , Erricker Mark , Lyons Marion
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide education on blood-borne viruses (BBVs) to prison staff to help reduce stigma within the prisons, improve the care prisoners receive and reduce the risk of occupational transmission.

Design/methodology/approach

– An e-module was used to improve staff understanding of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV at a prison in Wales, UK. An assessment was used to gather data on prison staff understanding of BBVs prior to undertaking the e-module.

Findings

– In total, 530/697 (76 per cent) prison staff completed the BBV e-module. Average pre- and post-course assessment scores were 8.6/11 and 10.85/11, respectively. Most staff understood the modes of hepatitis transmission, however, gaps in understanding were highlighted. In total, 22 per cent of staff believed HBV and HCV were airborne, 9 per cent believed transmission occurred through sharing cutlery. In total, 31 per cent of staff believed prisoners with hepatitis should declare their status to the prison.

Practical implications

– The e-module significantly improved staff understanding of BBVs and should be incorporated into future prison training packages. Future education should include how BBVs are not transmitted with an emphasis on casual contact. Medical confidentiality in prisons should also be addressed. Improving understanding will help reduce the stigma of BBVs within prison and improve the multidisciplinary care the prisoner receives.

Originality/value

– To the authors knowledge this is the first published evaluation of a BBV learning package for custodial staff. Evaluation of this educational package demonstrates a unique and valuable insight into the general understanding of BBVs by prison staff in Wales, UK.
Health promotion and prison settings
Authors: Santora Lidia , Arild Espnes Geir , Lillefjell Monica
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of modern correctional service in health promotion exemplified by the case study of Norwegian health promotion policies in prison settings.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper applies a two-fold methodology. First a narrative systematic literature review based on the Norwegian policy documents relevant for correctional settings is conducted. This is followed by a general review of the literature on the principles of humane service delivery in offender rehabilitation.

Findings

– Alongside the contribution of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model in corrections and prevention of reoffending, the findings demonstrate an evident involvement of Norway in health promotion through authentic health promoting actions applied in prison settings. The actions are anchored in health policy's overarching goals of equity and “health in all public policy” aiming to reduce social inequalities in population health.

Originality/value

– In order to achieve a potential success of promoting health in correctional settings, policy makers have much to gain from endorsing a dialogue that respects the unique contributions of correctional research and health promotion. Focussing on inter-agency partnership and interdisciplinary collaboration between humane services may result in promising outcomes for individual, community and public health gain. The organizational factors and community involvement may be a significant aspect in prisoner rehabilitation, reentry and reintegration.
An approach to filling firms' knowledge gaps based on organisational knowledge structure
Authors: Qiu Jiangnan , Wang Zhiqiang , Nian ChuangLing
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The objective of this paper is to propose a practical and operable method to identify and fill organisational knowledge gaps during new product development.

Design/methodology/approach

– From a microscopic view, this paper introduces the tree-shaped organisational knowledge structure to formalise the knowledge gaps and their internal hierarchical relationships. Based on the organisational knowledge structure, organisational knowledge gaps are identified through tree matching algorithm. The tree-edit-distance method is introduced to calculate the similarity between two organisational knowledge structures for filling knowledge gap.

Findings

– The proposed tree-shaped organisational knowledge structure can represent organisations' knowledge and their hierarchy relationships in a structured format, which is useful for identifying and filling organisational knowledge gaps.

Originality/value

– The proposed concept of organisational knowledge structure can quantify organisational knowledge. The approach is valuable for strategic decisions regarding new product development. The organisational knowledge gaps identified with this method can provide real-time and accurate guidance for the product development path. More importantly, this method can accelerate the organisational knowledge gap filling process and promote organisational innovation.
Perceived organizational support and risk taking
Authors: Neves Pedro , Eisenberger Robert
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of perceived organizational support (POS) for employee risk-taking through its association with greater trust among supervisors and subordinates that the organization will take into account the individual's intent to be helpful in the case of failure (failure-related trust).

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were obtained from 346 employee-supervisor dyads from diverse organizations. Employees and supervisors described their POS and failure-related trust. Supervisors also rated employee's risk-taking behaviors.

Findings

– Perceived organizational support (POS) was positively related to failure-related trust among subordinates and supervisors which, in turn, was related to subordinates' risk taking. Additionally, supervisors' failure-related trust moderated the relationship between subordinates' POS and failure-related trust, such that when supervisors strongly believed the organization was trustworthy in risk situations, employees' POS had a stronger relationship with failure-related trust, which in turn, was related to risk-taking.

Research limitations/implications

– Understanding employee risk-taking has both theoretical, practical, and social implications. It advances our theoretical understanding of employee risk-taking and it shows the role played by managers in the promotion of subordinates' risk-taking behaviors.

Originality/value

– This is one of the first studies to examine the antecedents of employee risk-taking behaviors in the workplace. Additionally, it provides evidence for the key role played by supervisors in modeling subordinate's risk taking through social information processing. Another strength concerns the use of data from dyads (subordinates and supervisors), which helps us to overcome problems related to common method bias.
American National Biography
Authors: Kendall John
Published: March 2014

Purpose

- The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the American National Biography including a brief history of the book and details on its electronic format.

Design/methodology/approach

- An historical account of the forerunner publications is provided, followed by consideration of the printed and the electronic versions. Illustrative examples are used throughout. It is briefly compared with a similar work from the UK. The advantages of the electronic format are assessed.

Findings

- The American National Biography provides a comprehensive coverage of notable Americans and offers detailed portraits focusing mainly on the public and professional lives of its subjects. It is easy to navigate and use in its electronic version. This is a useful biographical resource for libraries, especially in the USA.

Originality/value

- There have been many reviews of the American National Biography, but this one provides an overview of the electronic version and a comparative assessment of it against similar books in the field. For information professionals it offers a useful summary of the main features of this resource and a reminder of its value as a biographical information tool.
Histopathological changes in supraspinous ligaments, ligamentum flava and paraspinal muscle tissues of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Hongfei , Hu Xu , Zhang Chao , Chu Tongwei , Zhou Yue
Published: March 2014

Objective

To examine the histopathological changes in spinal tissues of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.

Methods

Tissue samples from 10 AS patients and 10 control subjects were obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius, Masson and van Gieson stainings were utilized to determine the pathological changes in tissues. Ultrastructural alterations were examined by electronic microscopy. Proteoglycan levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Our results demonstrate that the density of collagen fibrils was reduced in the supraspinous ligaments of AS tissue and fibrils were loosely and irregularly organized as compared to a regular distribution of collagen fibrils in controls. In ligamentum flava from AS patients, activated fibroblasts with enlarged nuclei were detected, while the number of elastic fibers was greatly decreased. Paraspinal muscle tissues of AS patients exhibited increased collagen fibril accumulation and atrophy. Significantly decreased proteoglycan and elevated MMP‐3 levels were found in supraspinous ligament samples from AS patients (P < 0.01). Additionally, the levels of TGF‐β1 in ligamentum flava and paraspinal muscle tissues of AS patients were increased (P < 0.01). The expression of TNF‐α was also upregulated in the ligamentum flavum (P < 0.01), with no significant difference in the paraspinal muscle between control and AS patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings reveal histopathological changes that occur in certain spinal tissues of AS patients and suggest that increased levels of MMP‐3 and TGF‐β1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of AS.
Why are all the White (Asian) kids sitting together in the cafeteria? Resegregation and the role of intergroup attributions and norms
Authors: Ramiah Ananthi Al , Schmid Katharina , Hewstone Miles , Floe Christina
Published: March 2014

Over three studies, we identified the phenomenon of ethnic ‘resegregation’ and assessed the extent to which it was predicted by attributions and norms, among other variables. Study 1, an observational study, showed extensive resegregation between White and Asian students in the cafeteria of a highly mixed school. In Study 2, we found evidence of attributional correspondence for White students, who attributed both their own and the outgroup's contact avoidance more to a lack of interest than fear of rejection, whereas Asian students attributed the outgroup's contact avoidance more to lack of interest, but preferred neither explanation of their own avoidance. In Study 3, we observed a pattern of attributional correspondence among both White and Asian students who attributed both their own and the outgroup's inaction in a hypothetical intergroup cafeteria scenario more to a lack of interest than fear of rejection. Study 3 also demonstrated longitudinally, for both groups, that own lack of interest in the outgroup reduced likelihood of cafeteria contact, whereas having outgroup friends and perceiving positive ingroup norms promoted it. In addition, positive outgroup norms promoted likelihood of cafeteria contact only for Asian students. We discuss how an understanding of the factors driving resegregation is critical to effectively realizing the potential of desegregated settings.
The Wallstent: long‐term follow‐up of metal stent placement for the treatment of benign ureteroileal anastomotic strictures after Bricker urinary diversion
Authors: Campschroer Thijs , Lock M.T.W. Tycho , Lo Rob T.H. , Bosch J.L.H. Ruud
Published: March 2014

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term follow‐up (primary and secondary patency) of metal stent placement in benign ureteroileal anastomotic strictures after Bricker urinary diversion and to compare the failed treatment group with the group of successfully treated patients to search for predisposing factors of stent failure.

Patients and Methods

For patients treated since 1989 for benign ureteroileal strictures after Bricker urinary diversion with end‐to‐side anastomosis, we retrospectively collected data on clinical history, stent placement, auxiliary measures and patency rates from a prospectively kept database.

Results

In all, 49 patients (mean age 64 years) underwent 56 metal stent procedures. Placement of the stent was possible in all patients. Stent patency without auxiliary treatment remained adequate in 23 cases (primary patency of 41.1%, mean follow‐up 37.7 months). A secondary treatment was successfully performed in 11 patients who had stent obstruction, mostly caused by hyperplastic reaction, encrustation, or migration of the stent. The secondary patency rate was 60.7% (mean follow‐up 55.8 months), comparable with patency rates of 36–100% described in literature with mostly small patient groups and much shorter follow‐up periods.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge we report the largest series of metal stenting in benign ureteroileal anastomotic strictures with the longest follow‐up. We show that placement of a metal stent can lead to a permanent de‐obstruction in approximately six out of 10 patients with preservation of renal function.
Effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on short‐term weight loss and long‐term weight loss maintenance
Authors: Keogh J. B. , Pedersen E. , Petersen K. S. , Clifton P. M.
Published: March 2014

Effective strategies are needed to help individuals lose weight and maintain weight loss. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent energy restriction (IER) compared to continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight loss after 8 weeks and weight loss maintenance after 12 months. Secondary aims were to determine changes in waist and hip measurements and diet quality. In a randomized parallel study, overweight and obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 27 kg m−2) women were stratified by age and BMI before randomization. Participants undertook an 8‐week intensive period with weight, waist and hip circumference measured every 2 weeks, followed by 44 weeks of independent dieting. A food frequency questionnaire was completed at baseline and 12 months, from which diet quality was determined. Weight loss was not significantly different between the two groups at 8 weeks (−3.2 ± 2.1 kg CER, n = 20, −2.0 ± 1.9 kg IER, n = 25; P = 0.06) or at 12 months (−4.2 ± 5.6 kg CER, n = 17 −2.1 ± 3.8 kg IER, n = 19; P = 0.19). Weight loss between 8 and 52 weeks was –0.7 ± 49 kg CER vs. −1 ± 1.1 kg IER; P = 0.6. Waist and hip circumference decreased significantly with time (P < 0.01), with no difference between groups. There was an increase in the Healthy Eating Index at 12 months in the CER compared with the IER group (CER 8.4 ± 9.1 vs. IER −0.3 ± 8.4, P = 0.006). This study indicates that intermittent dieting was as effective as continuous dieting over 8 weeks and for weight loss maintenance at 12 months. This may be useful for individuals who find CER too difficult to maintain.
Build back better: implementation in Victorian bushfire reconstruction
Authors: Mannakkara Sandeeka , Wilkinson Suzanne , Potangaroa Regan
Published: March 2014

The ‘build back better’ (BBB) concept signals an opportunity to decrease the vulnerability of communities to future disasters during post‐disaster reconstruction and recovery. The 2009 Victorian bushfires in Australia serve as a case study for this assessment of the application of core BBB principles and their outcomes. The results show that several BBB measures were successfully implemented in Victoria and are relevant for any post‐disaster reconstruction effort. The BBB initiatives taken in Victoria include: land‐use planning determined by hazard risk‐based zoning; enforcement of structural design improvements; facilitated permit procedures; regular consultations with stakeholders; and programmes conducted for social and economic recovery. Lessons from the Victorian recovery urge the avoidance of construction in high‐risk zones; fairness and representativeness in community consultations; adequate support for economic recovery; the advance establishment of recovery frameworks; and empowerment of local councils.
Tears, fears and cheers: responses to the post‐disaster school relocation policy in China
Authors: Ng Guat Tin
Published: March 2014

This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study on the responses of Chinese school children in one junior middle school and their parents to China's post‐disaster school relocation policy. The sample comprised 22 pairs of parent–child dyads and two pupils whose parents could not be contacted. The study results were reported using Chambers and Wedel's (2009) conceptual framework, which delineates the fundamental elements of a policy. Content analysis was used to generate themes related to policy elements, such as goals, benefits and services. Both repetitive themes and idiosyncratic perspectives were reported so as to present a diversity of views. Despite adjustment difficulties and administrative problems reported by the study participants, the policy attention given to the rapid restoration of formal schooling for children was generally appreciated. The move back to the new school was greeted with cheer.
Soil‐profile distribution of organic C and N after 6 years of tillage and grazing management
Authors: Franzluebbers A. J. , Stuedemann J. A.
Published: March 2014

Stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) are key determinants for evaluating agricultural management practices to address climate change, environmental quality and soil productivity issues. We determined SOC, TSN and particulate organic C and N depth distributions and cumulative stocks in response to 6 years of tillage (conventional and no‐tillage) and cover‐crop management (without and with cattle grazing) on an Acrisol in the southeastern USA. Total and particulate organic C concentrations were greater under no‐tillage than under conventional tillage at a depth of 0–20 cm only. No differences in concentrations at various depths to 150 cm or of cumulative stocks were observed in total and particulate organic C and N in response to cover crop management, suggesting that animal grazing had no negative effect on SOC and TSN. Compared with perennial grass as a control, the stock of SOC was significantly reduced under cropping at a depth of 0–40 cm, was trending toward reduction at a depth of 0–90 cm and was not different at a depth of 0–150 cm. A declining significance of management with depth indicated an important consideration in attempts to determine the whole‐profile response of SOC and TSN to management: rigorous sampling approaches are needed to overcome the problems of small concentrations and large variation with increasing soil depth. The results of this study clearly indicate that (i) greater SOC and TSN concentrations can be expected in the surface layer under no‐tillage than under conventional tillage in Acrisols of the warm, moist climatic region of the southeastern USA and (ii) compensation for stratified SOC and TSN with no‐tillage does not occur deeper in the soil profile, such that the same relative numeric difference that occurred at the surface remains unchanged with greater cumulative depth.