bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Motivasi Kerja Pada Perilaku Etis Manajer Koperasi
Authors: Candra Kusuma Dewi Ni Kadek , Widanaputra A.A. Gde Putu
Published: July 2020

The ethical behavior of managers greatly influences the success of an organization. But in practice, not a few managers who work outside the rules that have been set so that it behaves unethically. This research was conducted to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of transformational leadership styles and work motivation on the ethical behavior of cooperative managers. This research was conducted in 48 cooperatives in Tabanan Regency. Based on the results of this study indicate that the transformational leadership style has a significant insignificant positive effect on the ethical behavior of cooperative managers, which means that transformational leadership styles are not able to influence the ethical behavior of cooperative managers. Work motivation has a significant positive effect on the ethical behavior of cooperative managers, which means that the higher the work motivation of managers, the higher the ethical behavior of cooperative managers.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership Style; Work Motivation; Manager Ethical Behavior.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia dan Locus of Control terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan LPD
Authors: Sudiarti Ni Wayan , Juliarsa Gede
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study to determine the effect of human resource competencies and locus of control on the quality of Institute of Countryside Credit (LPD) financial reports. The population in this study were all LPD of Klungkung Regency. The sample technique in this study using the Slovin formula with purposive sampling, as many as 46 samples. Data collection method used is a survey method by distributing questionnaires and documentation. The number of returned questionnaires was 126 questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is doubled linear regression analysis with SPSS. Based on research results, competence of human resources and locus of control have a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statements. The results of this study are expected to provide additional insights into knowledge for those who play a role in preparing financial reports so as to achieve success in carrying out their duties.

Keywords: Financial Report Quality; Human Resource Competencies; Locus Of Control.
Kinerja Keuangan Sebelum dan Sesudah Penerapan Good Corporate Governance pada PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Bali
Authors: Odi Rezky Saputra Ida Bagus , Dwi Ratnadi Ni Made
Published: July 2020

This research is in the form of observations on PT Bank Pembangunan Bali which has implemented Good Corporate Governance. The data collection method uses documentation study data and literature study. This is intended to obtain a clearer picture in order to solve the problem under study. Analysis of the data used includes an analysis of financial performance based on liquidity ratios, profitability and solvency. The results of this study indicate an increase in financial performance after the implementation of Good Corporate Governance when viewed using Return on Assets, Operating Expenses / Operating Income, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loans. Meanwhile, if viewed through the ratio of Loan to Deposit and Return on Equity the study found a decrease in performance after the implementation of Good Corporate Governance.

Keywords: Good Corporate Governance; Financial Performance; Bank.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba (Income Smoothing)
Authors: Maotama Ngurah Surya , Astika Ida Bagus Putra
Published: July 2020

The research aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, company size, and managerial ownership on income smoothing practices (Income Smoothing). This research was conducted at property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. Sampling technique using purprosive sampling method obtained 18 selected companies to be sampled with 3 years of observation so as to get a total sample of 54. Hypothesis testing was tested using logistic regression analysis techniques. positive about income smoothing practices (Income Smoohing).

Keywords : Income Smoothing Practices; Profitability; Company Size; Managerial Ownership.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Witri Astiti Ni Nengah , Wirama Dewa Gede
Published: July 2020

Global warming is one of the environmental problems that causes climate change, especially related to corporate carbon emissions. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the disclosure of carbon emissions. This research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that revealed information related to carbon emissions in the annual report in 2018. The sample in this research was selected purposively, producing samples with 37 companies. The data analysis technique in this research is multiple linear regression. The analysis shows that company the type of industry and good corporate governance has a positive effect, while leverage has a negative effect on disclosure of carbon emissions. Company size and profitability do no affect carbon emissions disclosure.

Keywords: Global Warming; Climate Change; Carbon Emission Disclosures.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Organisasi, Kesesuaian Kompensasi, Sistem Pengendalian Internal dan Budaya Etis terhadap Fraud Pengadaan Barang/Jasa
Authors: Fithriani Nurlaili , Pituringsih Endar , Firmansyah M
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the TPK characteristic variables, the suitability of compensation, internal control systems, and ethical culture have an influence on fraud procurement of goods / services. The study was conducted at the Village Government Agency in Central Lombok Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach using primary data collected by survey method through sending questionnaires to respondents. The sampling technique used was Claster Random Sampling, so that 195 people were obtained in 65 villages in Central Lombok Regency. The results showed that the characteristics of the Activity Management Team (TPK) and ethical culture had a significant negative effect on goods / services procurement fraud, compensation suitability had a significant positive effect on goods / services procurement fraud, while the internal control system had no effect on goods / services procurement fraud.

Keywords: Organizational Characteristics; Suitability of compensation Internal Control System; Ethical Culture; Goods / Services Procurement Fraud.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Suryani Cahya , Handajani Lilik , Effendy Lukman
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect Company Value by using profitability as an Intervening Variable. The research data was obtained from the annual financial statements of the banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 to 2018. Data analysis used path analysis techniques. The analysis shows that the intellectual capital variable measured by VAICTM has no effect on profitability that is proxied by ROE and the value of the company is measured using the total amount of assets, this is because there are still many companies that do not pay attention to intellectual capial on their companies, companies tend to pay more attention tangible assets while Good corporate governance which is proxied by the number of audit committees only has a significant effect on firm value while profitability (ROE) has a significant effect on firm value.

Keywords: Company Value; Profitability; Intellectual Capital; Good Corporate Governance.
Optimasi Waktu Inkubasi Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG 34 Dalam Produksi Enzim Penggumpal Susu
Authors: Setiadarma Wulandari , Mayun Permana Dewa Gede , Ayu Nocianitri Komang
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of incubation time on milk clotting enzyme (MCE) activity produced by L. rhamnosus SKG 34 and determine the optimum incubation time to produce the highest its activity. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with incubation time as a treatment consisting of 8 levels, that were 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours, 42 hours, and 48 hours. Data were analyzed with Variance Analysis (ANOVA) than followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The analyzed were repeated 3 times resulting in 24 experimental units. The results showed that the incubation time significantly affected protease activity, MCE activity, specific protease activity and ratio of MCE to protease but did not affect the total LAB. The optimum incubation time of L. rhamnosus SKG 34 is 12 hours with total LAB 1.83 x 109 CFU/ml and protease activity 180.67 U/ml, MCE activity 595.06 SU, protease spesific activity 73.149 U/mg and ratio of MCE to protease 3.29 SU/U.

Keywords : incubation time, Enzyme protease, Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG 34, Milk clotting enzyme.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Terigu Dengan Tepung Kecambah Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) Terhadap Karakteristik Pancake
Authors: Arisonna Roring Lucky , Wisaniyasa Ni Wayan , Mayun Permana I Dewa Gede
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed to determine the effect of wheat flour comparison with red bean sprout flour on the characteristics of pancakes and to determine the exact concentration of red bean sprout flour that was able to produce pancakes with the best characteristics. This study used a randomized block design with the ratio of flour and red bean sprouts (100%: 0%, 60%: 40%, 50%: 50%, 40%: 60%, 30%: 70%), repeated three times to obtain 15 units of experiment. The data obtained were then analyzed by variants and if there was any effect on the treatment, then continued with Duncan test. The variables observed were moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate levels, coarse fiber content, and sensory characteristics. The results showed that the addition of red bean sprout effected moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance of pancake. The best characteristic of pancake substitution was 50% wheat flour and 50% red bean sprout flour that produced moisture content 36.14%, ash content 1.86%, fat content 24.15%, protein content 8.31%, carbohydrate content 29.53 %, crude fiber content 16.81%, light brown colour (liked), typical aroma of red beans (liked), soft texture (liked), flavour of red beans (liked), and overall acceptance (liked).

Keywords: wheat flour, red bean sprouts, characteristics, pancakes.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Pelayuan Terhadap Karakteristik Teh Herbal Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.)
Authors: Aprilia Maria , Wisaniyasa Ni Wayan , Suter I Ketut
Published: July 2020

This research aimed was to determine the effect of temperature and duration of withering on the characteristics of herbal tea of kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) and to know the right temperature and duration of withering time to get the best characteristics of herbal tea. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with two factors which were withering temperature (70oC, 80OC, and 90oC) and withering duration (1, 2, and 3 minutes). All of the treatment was repeated two times to obtain 18 units of experiments. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had a significant effect followed by The Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that interaction of temperature and withering time had a very significant effect on moisture content, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and color (scoring test). The results showed that interaction 90oC of withering temperature during 2 minutes was the best treatment to produce kenikir leaves herbal tea with the moisture content 6,76% b/b, extract content 32,89%, vitamin C 3,35 mg /g total phenolics 79,26 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 161,01 mg QE/g and antioxidant activity 74,29% with IC50 valued 24,409 ppm. The brew of kenikir leaves herbal tea had a rather typical aroma of kenikir leaf and liked, yellow greenness color and liked, rather bitter taste and usual as well as with overall acceptance.

Keywords : characteristics of herbal tea, kenikir leaves, withering temperature, withering duration.
Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi Terhadap Karakteristik Minuman Probiotik Sari Buah Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn)
Authors: Agus Widyantara I Wayan , Ayu Nocianitri Komang , Indri Hapsari Arihantana Ni Made
Published: July 2020

This research aims to identify the effect of fermentation time on the characteristics of soursop juice (Annona muricata Linn) probiotic drink as well as to determine the specific fermentation time that produces good characteristics of soursop juice probiotic drink. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) of one treatment factor with different periods of fermentation time that consist of 18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours, 24 hours, and 26 hours. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data was analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the treatment had a significant effect, then followed by the Duncan test. The results showed that the length of fermentation in soursop juice probiotic drink did not significantly affect the total LAB, total sugar, total acid, pH, and sensory tests. Fermentation time of 18 hours resulted the best characteristics of soursop juice probiotic drinks with an average total value of BAL 10,87 Log CFU / ml, total sugar 10,61%, total acid 1,37%, total sugar, pH 3,92, colour, aroma, and taste rather liked with rather acidic and rather sweet criteria and overall acceptance is rather liked.

Keywords: fermentation time, soursop juice, probiotics.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Puree Wortel (Daucus carota L.) Dan Terigu Terhadap Karakteristik Roti Tawar
Authors: Yunita Norma , Sugitha I Made , Ekawati I Gusti Ayu
Published: July 2020

This research was conducted with the to determine the comparative effect of carrot puree and wheat flour on the characteristic of bread and to know of the exact comparison of carrot puree and wheat flour to obtain the best characteristic of bread. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment factor ratio of carrot puree and wheat flour that was 0%: 100%, 10%: 90%, 20%: 80%, 30%: 70%, 40%: 60%, and 50 %: 50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 experimental units. Data were analyzed with the Anova test and if the treatment had an effect on the variables then proceeded with the Duncan test. The results showed that the comparison of carrot puree and wheat flour affected the water content, ash content, swelling power, total carotene, color, aroma, texture, taste, pore uniformity, and overall acceptance. Comparison of 30% carrot puree: 70% wheat flour produced the best characteristics of bread with the criteria water content of 16.13%, ash content of 1.37%, loaf volume of 123.65% and total carotene content of 13.01 mg/100 g. Orange color, slightly carrot aroma, soft texture, pore uniformity (uniform) liked and overall acceptance of bread very liked.

Keywoards : bread, wheat flour, carrot puree.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Sukrosa Terhadap Karakteristik Minuman Sari Buah Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) Terfermentasi Dengan Isolat Lactobacillus sp. F213
Authors: Tryadi Pradipta A.A. Gd. , Ayu Nocianitri Komang , Mayun Permana I Dewa Gede
Published: July 2020

Lactobacillus sp. F213 (LbF213) is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the potential as a probiotic because it can provide health effects for those who consume it, so it is necessary to make efforts to increase the application of LbF213 in the field of food processing. This study aims to determine the effect of sucrose concentration on the characteristics of fermented soursop juice with LbF213 isolates and get the right concentration of sucrose to produce fermented soursop juice with the best characteristics. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design with sucrose treatment of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. LAB total was analyzed descriptively and the other variables were analyzed by ANOVA and if there was an influence between treatments continued with Duncan test. The results showed that sucrose treatment affected total sugar, taste (hedonic), sour taste and sweet taste (score), overall acceptance (hedonic). The 6% sucrose treatment produced the best fermented soursop juice with a total LAB 1,27 x 1010 cfu/ml, total sugar 12.91%, total acid 1.57%, pH 3.83, color and aroma rather liked, with a slight taste sour and rather sweet liked, and overall acceptance liked.

Keywords: fruit juice, lactobacillus sp. F213, sucrose concentration.
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Cair Daun Turi (Sesbania grandiflora)
Authors: Gerald Masengi Jevon Misael , Diah Puspawati Gusti Ayu Kadek , Sri Wiadnyani A.A. Istri
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of solvent types on antioxidant activity of turi (Sesbania grandiflora) leaves liquid extract and to determine the compatible solvent types which have the highest antioxidant activity of turi leaves liquid extract. The research used a completely randomized design with the treatment of solvent types consisting of 4 level which is: aquadest; acetone 70%; methanol 70%; and ethanol 70%. The treatment was repeated four times so that they were obtained 16 experiment units. The data was analyzed with analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect followed by a Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed the type of solvent treatment had a significant effect on antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, total tannin, and vitamin C content. The best treatment was obtained from turi leaves liquid extract using acetone 70% solvent which had the highest antioxidant activity of 75.71% with the value of IC50 269.67, total flavonoid 0.185 mg QE/g material, total tannin 0.013 mg TAE/g material and vitamin C content 0.45 mg AAE/ g material.

Keywords : antioxidant activity, solvent types, turi leaves.
Managerial Accountability of Badan Usaha Milik Desa Wija Sari in Samsam Village: A Case Study Research
Authors: Sari Desak Made Mya Yudia , Sudana I Putu
Published: July 2020

This study aims to provide a close and in-depth understanding of specific, complex, and exploratory phenomena regarding the real situation regarding the accountability of BUMDesa Wija Sari Village management in Samsam Village. The methodology of this research is interpretive descriptive approach with case study research. The results showed that in the practice of accountability in the management of BUMDesa Wija Sari in Samsam Village applied the characteristics of transparency, honesty, integrity and consistency. In addition, BUMDesa Wija Sari in Samsam Village also applies the characteristics of participation in the planning stage accountability and the implementation phase accountability as well as the kinship and loyalty in the implementation phase accountability.
Strategies and Business Models of Sharing Economy: MSMEs Digital Creativity
Authors: Rimawati Yuni , Sula Atik Emilia
Published: July 2020

Pesan Antar adalah bisnis yang dijalankan dengan menggunakan media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi strategi bisnis Pesan Antar dan mempresentasikan model bisnisnya dengan mengacu pada model ekonomi berbagi antar UMKM Choi et al (2014). Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan metode Etnometodologi. Temuan penelitian ini adalah Pesan Antar telah melakukan strategi branding sebelum aktivitas usahanya dimulai. Untuk menjaga loyalitas kurir, Pesan Antar menggunakan mekanisme bagi hasil dan bonus jika memenuhi target serta organisasi yang dijalankan secara kekeluargaan. Strategi menjaga pertumbuhan usaha Pesan Antar dengan memperkenalkan produk UMKM (walau belum menjadi mitra) pada akun facebooknya dan tidak ada “biaya” saat telah menjadi mitra. Disisi lain, “tarif” yang dikenakan pada pelanggan adalah per kawasan. Sistem order yang menggunakan sosial media (bukan aplikasi),  membuat operator, kurir, mitra dan pelanggan lebih saling mengenal serta loyal.
CSR Disclosure on Earnings Management with the Presence of Women in the GCG Structure
Authors: Wahyuningsih Alit , Rasmini Ni Ketut
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility pada manajemen laba dengan keberadaan wanita dalam mekanisme Good Corporate Governance sebagai variabel moderasi. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan kriteria perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam indeks LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan menerbitkan laporan tahunan serta laporan keberlanjutan (sustainability report) berturut-turut selama periode 2013-2017. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 40 sampel. Metode dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Moderated Regression Analysis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility berpengaruh positif pada manajemen laba. Keberadaan wanita dalam komite audit yang mewakili proksi dari variabel keberadaan wanita dalam mekanisme Good Corporate Governance mampu memperlemah pengaruh pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility pada manajemen laba. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori hipotesis biaya politik yang menyatakan bahwa perusahaan yang memiliki biaya politik yang tinggi cenderung akan melakukan manajemen laba.

Kata Kunci: manajemen laba, pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, good corporate governance
Analisa Faktor Internal, Eksternal dan Resource – Based View Untuk Strategi PT XYZ dalam Memenangkan Persaingan dalam Industri Timbangan
Authors: Halim Teguh
Published: July 2020

A qualitative research about how PT XYZ (weighing industry company) implemented a strategy by analysing internal factor (strength and weakness), external factor (opportunity and threat) using Resource – Based View and SWOT Analysis.The conclusion of this research is PT XYZ implement Forward Integration, Market Development and Product Development as their strategy in the future to maximize the company strength.
Pengaruh Citra Merek, Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Produk Honda Brio Satya Terhadap Minat Beli Pelanggan di Jakarta
Authors: Rizky Dimas , Firdausy Carunia Mulya
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of brand image, perceive price and product quality on purchase intention. The number of sample in this study was 160 respondents consisting of potential customers and the customers Honda Brio Satya of PT. Honda Prospect Motor in Jakarta. The technique to sampling unit analysis was convenience nonprobality sampling method. The results of this study as follow. First, it was found that brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Second, perceive price has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Third, product quality has a positive effect on purchase intention. Fourth, brand image, price perception and product quality jointlyl effect purchase intention of Honda Brio customer. Therefore, to improve the purchase intention of the customers, the company should give a great concern to brand image, price and the quality of Honda car production.
HAMBATAN GURU IPA SMP DI DAERAH PESISIR SUMENEP UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Habibi Habibi , Anekawati Anik , Dianawati Henny
Published: July 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi kondisi dan permasalahanpembelajaran IPA SMP di daerah pesisir Sumenep ditinjau dari karakter kontekstulitaspembelajaran. Eksplorasi dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dandiskusi kelompok terfokus, kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik content analysis. Hasiltemuan yang didapatkan adalah adanya empat permasalahan mendasar bagi guru untukmengembangkan pembelajaran kontekstual yaitu: pembelajaran yang berorientasi bukuteks, pandangan guru bahwa melaksanakan pembelajaran kontekstual adalah sulit,rendahnya pengembangan pengajaran karena kompetensi dasar yang bervariasi dankesulitasn guru untuk mendalami kultur siswa.
Narrow-band phototherapy and sodium salt of the synthetic diamide gamma-D-glutamyl-D-tryptophan as a combined method of psoriasis treatment: comprehensive and comparative evaluation
Authors: Novikov Y. A. , Okhlopkov V. A. , Troshina D. S. , Mozgovoy S. I. , Poleshchuk E. I. , Pravdina O. V.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of various immunosuppressive treatment methods of medium severity vulgar psoriasis (PASI from 10 to 20). The parameters used were PASI indices, p53 apoptosis marker expression indices, and expression indices of T-regulatory cell marker Foxp3. The study involved 96 patients, from 18 to 60 years old, divided by randomization into three groups. Patients in the 1st group (n = 32) received narrow-band phototherapy according to a 4-day regimen. We used the Waldmann UV-7002K instrument and F79/120W-TL01 lamps generating radiation with a maximum emission at a wavelength of 311 nm. We started with a dose of 0.05–0.1 J/cm2, subsequently increased by 0.05–0.1 J/cm2 for each procedure, in the absence of erythema. In total, patients received 12–15 procedures, with a course dose of 4.7–7.65 J/cm2. In the 2nd group (n = 32), patients were treated with the sodium salt of the synthetic gamma-D-glutamyl-D tryptophan dipeptide. Patients of the 3rd group (n = 32) underwent combination therapy, which included both methods described above. As a result of treatment, the greatest decrease in the PASI index, as well as the level of expression of the marker of Foxp3 T-regulatory cells, was observed among patients who received the combined regimen. The data obtained indicate the high therapeutic efficacy of narrow-band phototherapy in combination with the sodium salt of the synthetic gamma-D glutamyl-D tryptophan synthetic dipeptide. It was also noted that the immunohistochemical marker p53, reflecting the cellular renewal of psoriatic papule keratinocytes, is an informative molecular-cellular indicator of the effectiveness of narrow-band phototherapy.
Photodynamic therapy of cancer of large duodenal papilla and extrahepatic bile ducts
Authors: Stranadko E. F. , Baranov A. V. , Duvansky V. A. , Lobakov A. I. , Morokhotov V. A. , Riabov M. V.
Published: July 2020

The problem of treating patients with malignant neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the large duodenal papilla remains relevant due to the growing incidence, high mortality, and a pronounced decrease in the quality of life of patients, despite the radical surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in inoperable patients with malignant tumors of these localizations.

The study is based on the treatment of 79 patients with adenocarcinoma of large duodenal papilla and extrahepatic bile ducts. 29 patients received palliative bile drainage operations with PDT. 50 patients in the control group only had palliative bile drainage operations. Patients in the study group received from 1 to 3 PDT courses in a year. In total, 29 patients received 52 PDT courses. The tolerance to the method and the life expectancy of patients were evaluated. The median survival of patients who underwent PDT was 18 months (11–60 months); in the control group – 11.5 months. PDT, in combination with bile drainage operation, is an effective method for the treatment of inoperable patients with malignant neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the large duodenal papilla in the absence of severe complications and with easy tolerance to therapy by patients. For the treatment and prolongation of life of patients whose radical surgical treatment is associated with a high risk of death, PDT seems to be the best treatment option. Results of PDT treatment for cancer of this localization are comparable with the results of radical surgeries and exceed those for palliative surgeries.
Transpupillary thermotherapy of choroidal melanoma
Authors: Naumenko L. V.
Published: July 2020

A retrospective analysis of the immediate and long-term effectiveness of the treatment of the choroidal melanoma using transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) was carried out. The study included 84 patients with choroidal melanoma (C69.3) who received treatment between 2007 and 2018. Patients were sampled from the Belarusian Cancer Register. The average values of the thickness of the tumor were 2.6±1.3 mm, the diameter of the base - 7.2±3.3 mm. TTT was carried out using a diode laser with a wavelength of 860 nm and radiation power of 200 - 800 mW, the exposure time was 60 s, and the diameter of the laser spot was varied between 1 and 3 mm. The entire surface of the tumor was thermally treated with overlapping fields from the periphery to the top. 75 patients underwent a single session of TTT, while 9 - two sessions with an interval of 3–4 weeks. As a result of the treatment, 51 (60.7%) patients showed complete tumor resorption, 28 (33.3%) patients had stabilization of the tumor process, and 5 (6.0%) patients had no effect. In the group of patients with stabilization of the tumor process, continued growth was recorded in 16 (19.1%) patients with follow-up periods of 3 months to 4 years. In 19 (37.3%) patients from the group with complete tumor regression, relapse was observed 1 to 8 years after TTT. Metastatic disease (disease progression) developed in 5 (5.9%) patients, of which in 1 patient during the first 12 months, in 1 patient - after 4 years, and in 3 patients more than after 5 years of the follow-up observation. Analysis of the effectiveness of TTT of choroidal melanoma showed that an increase in the thickness and diameter of the base of the tumor focus results in the decrease of immediate effectiveness, and the rise of the likelihood of continued tumor growth.
Statistics on the work of gastroenterologists in the Russian Federation in 2013–2017
Authors: Guryanova N. E. , Sachek O. I. , Ivanova M. A.
Published: July 2020

In recent decades, increasing importance in modern diagnostic algorithms is given to techniques that use optical systems, including those with the ability to examine organs in various spectral ranges and in fluorescence modes. The rapid development of modern technologies and their implementation in the field of healthcare requires constant improvement of the organization of medical care to the population. Endoscopic services in Russia began to emerge in the 70s of the 20th century. In the early stages, it was represented by independent diagnostic rooms based on large medical clinics and research centers. Over the past decades, endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment have moved far forward. For the successful use of endoscopic technologies in clinical practice, qualified medical personnel are needed, including oncologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists proficient in endoscopic techniques. The human potential of endoscopy was initially formed by part-timers, most often from surgeons and therapists. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the activities of specialist doctors who provide medical care in outpatient conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the activities of gastroenterologists providing outpatient medical care at the federal level and in the pilot regions of the Russian Federation. The multidirectionality of trends regarding the level of burden on gastroenterologists in the subjects of the Russian Federation is established. In all federal districts, a decrease in the number of visits per gastroenterologist and a decrease in the part-time coefficient was observed.
Study of penetration ability of adhesive systems on temporary teeth by confocal microscopy
Authors: Mamedov A. A. , Loschenov V. B. , Morozova N. S. , Ryabova A. V. , Ivannikova K. O.
Published: July 2020

In this work, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of various adhesive systems (AS) in the temporary teeth restoration with composite materials. For this study, the authors used temporary teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons or lost due to a physiological change. Enamel samples with dentin were made from these teeth. Rhodamine B fluorochrome was added to each of the adhesive systems used. For the greater practical significance of research results, adhesive systems of several generations (IV, V, and VII) were chosen. In each sample, a cavity was prepared, and adhesive preparation was carried out according to the AS manufacturer instructions, followed by restoration with a composite material. Then, longitudinal slits were made so that the areas of enamel and dentin for which an adhesive protocol and restoration were performed could be observed in their entirety. The effectiveness of various generations was determined by the depth of penetration of AS components into the dentinal tubules. Fluorescent confocal microscopy was used to visualize the penetration ability of AS. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that IV and V generations of AS are the most effective.
Potensi Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapura (IMS-GT) Sebagai Stumblinh Block terhadap Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN
Authors: Rudiany Novita Putri , Anugrah Puti Tantia
Published: July 2020

Artikel ini berisi tentang kerja sama di dalam kawasan Asia Tenggara yaitu Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle yang berpotensi sebagi stumbling block terhadap Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle (IMS-GT) merupakan bentuk kesepakatan kerja sama segitiga pertumbuhan antara Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura. Kerja sama ini sudah berjalan lebih dari 20 tahun dan dewasa ini berjalan seiring dengan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA). MEA merupakan sebuah bentuk kerja sama ASEAN yang ingin mewujudkan integrasi ekonomi di kawasan Asia Tenggara. MEA juga bertujuan untuk menciptakan kawasan yang memiliki alur investasi tinggi dengan program dan langkah-langkah yang akan ditempuh. Namun, dengan keberadaan IMS-GT, pencapaian MEA dapat terhambat. Sehingga, tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana kerja sama sub-regional IMS-GT dapat berdampak kepada proses kerja sama MEA. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa IMS-GT berpotensi untuk menjadi stumbling block bagi MEA. Artikel ini akan berfokus pada bentuk kerja sama IMS-GT, sehingga bentuk kerja sama lainnya tidak akan dibahas. 

Kata kunci: IMS-GT, kerja sama sub-regional, MEA, stumbling block
Pendekatan Hubungan Internasional Terhadap Perlindungan Pengungsi : Menjelaskan Inisiatif Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dan UNHCR
Authors: Suyastri Cifebrima
Published: July 2020

A major problem with this research is the arrival of refugee in Indonesia as a human security issue because this issue stems from the non-traditional concept of security that attracts international relations researchers, because of the presence of refugee from abroad without any regulation and explaining that refugees can threaten the stability of regional security. The arrival of refugees has implications on economic, social, environmental, and health problems for the host country. There was an immense amount of debate about the possibility of states adopting extraterritorial approaches to asylum processing and refugee protection, and about such policies’ compatibility with international refugee and human rights law. De-territorialize refugee protection and of UNHCR’s strategy in the evolving consultations. The issues of who, why, and how to protect refugees pose a series of normative challenges that can only be addressed by recognizing the dynamic nature of refugee protection today. Our answers have implications for institutional design. On one hand, this is a way of potentially making refugee protection sustainable in the long run. Some argue, however, that refugees acquire rights over time, which necessitates some kind of pathway to naturalization and ultimately citizenship. The most basic and significant norm of the international refugee regime emerges from the decision to allow states to take direct control of the process of refugee determination and to establish a legal framework permitting the screening of refugee applicants on a variety of national interest grounds. In this way, the refugee regime reproduces the state as the normal form of political organization, and the actor empowered to make life and death decisions over the human population. This research methodology is qualitative with literature study methods and case studies with a single instrument using participant observation techniques and in-depth interviews.
PENYULUHAN DENGAN METODE CERAMAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA MASA MENOPAUSE
Authors: Guyansyah Assangga
Published: July 2020

Menopause merupakan tahap akhir proses biologis yang dialami wanita. Disebut menopause jika orang tidak lagi menstruasi selama satu tahun. Umumnya terjadi pada usia 50 tahunan. Semakin banyaknya jumlah wanita yang memasuki masa menopause maka kesehatan mereka harus mendapat perhatian, salah satunya dari segi kesehatan bagian reproduksi mereka. World Health Organization (WHO) menyampaikan pada 2030 wanita menopause diperkirakan meningkat 3% per tahun dan mencapai 1,2 milyar wanita >50 tahun. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat, jumlah penduduk wanita sebanyak 42.631 orang dengan rasio jenis kelamin sebanyak 101,60. Sedangkan tingkat pendidikan terbanyak di Kelurahan Duri Kosambi, Jakarta Barat adalah SMA/Sederajat sebanyak 517 orang dan kemudian SMP/Sederajat sebanyak 24 orang. Tingkat pendidikan yang dominan menengah kebawah berbanding dengan jumlah penduduk tampak ada ketimpangan. Hal ini kemungkinan dapat sebabkan pengetahuan yang kurang terutama dibidang kesehatan. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan warga tentang bagaimana menjaga kesehatan reproduksi pada masa menopause Metode yang dipakai adalah penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah. Sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan, mitra diberikan kuesioner untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi pada masa menopause. Pengetahuan mitra meningkat setelah diberikan penyuluhan. Masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup baik dan diharapkan masyarakat dapat menerapkannya pada diri masing-masing.
PEMBUATAN KOMPOR DARI KALENG MINUMAN
Authors: Prayitno Dody , Riyono Joko , Pujiastuti Ch. Eni
Published: July 2020

Kelurahan Kota Bambu Kecamatan Palmerah Jakarta Barat memiliki masalah sampah. Kelurahan bekerja sama dengan Universitas Trisakti berupaya mengurangi sampah, khususnya kaleng minuman. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) bertujuan untuk melatih masyarakat untuk membuat kompor dari kaleng minuman dengan bahan bakar spirtus sehingga jumlah sampah berkurang. Metode PKM adalah pelatihan. Pelatihan terdiri dari dua sesi. Sesi pertama teori dan sesi kedua praktik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kota Bambu Kecamatan Palmerah Jakarta Barat, Indonesia. Hasil kegiatan PKM sebagai berikut; pertama, peserta memiliki pengetahuan tentang tiga elemen api; kedua peserta mampu membuat kompor dari kaleng minuman. Pembuatan kompor spirtus dari kaleng minuman mengurangi sampah.
PENYULUHAN DAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMPERBAIKI MANAJEMEN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DI KELURAHAN JEMBATAN LIMA KECAMATAN TAMBORA JAKARTA
Authors: Sisca Sisca , Hartanti Monica Dwi , Setyaningrum Dyah Ayu Woro , Lestari Indah Widya , Ilona Florinda , Chendrasari Julian , Parwanto ML Edy
Published: July 2020

Angka kejadian hipertensi meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya usia. Perubahan fungsi dan struktur pada sistem vaskuler perifer diperkirakan menjadi penyebab tingginya prevalensi hipertensi pada lansia. Manajemen hipertensi secara holistik yang terpusat pada pasien diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian akibat gagal jantung. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan hipertensi pada lansia di Kecamatan Tambora Jakarta Barat. Dengan menggunakan kuesioner, tingkat pengetahuan tentang hipertensi diukur pada 48 peserta di tempat tersebut. Pengukuran tekanan darah juga dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kejadian hipertensi di tempat tersebut. Tingkat pengetahuan tentang hipertensi para peserta kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat kurang baik dan berdampak pada meningkatkan risiko hipertensi. 52% peserta memiliki tekanan darah normal sedangkan 48% peserta terdiagnosis hipertensi. Faktor risiko berdasarkan data demografi peserta juga didapatkan dengan hasil usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan serta jenis pekerjaan meningkatkan risiko hipertensi secara bermakna. Dari hasil PKM ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan hipertensi khususnya pada lansia dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas penanganan hipertensi pada lansia di Kelurahan Jembatan Lima Kecamatan Tambora Jakarta barat, maka disarankan agar diadakan penyuluhan dan grup diskusi antar lansia.
Devotees of science and education of Crimea (the role of nobility in the establishment of Taurida National University)
Authors: Eiler Aleksei Andreevich
Published: July 2020

The subject of this research is the specific contribution of the representatives of nobility and intelligentsia of Taurida Governorate to the establishment of Taurida National University in 1916-1918. The foundation of this university greatly benefited the development of culture, science and education in Crimea and Southern Russia. The goal consists in reflection of progressive and constructive influence of separate individuals on the formation of humanistic and sociocultural space of Taurida Governorate; as well as in systematization of information from dozens of sources for creation of the more objective and precise course of events. The relevance and scientific novelty are defined by the need to reconsider the Crimean cultural processes of 1916-1918; determine and describe particular factors related to the contribution of nobility and intelligentsia of Taurida Governorate to the establishment of Taurida National University. Emphasis is made on the contribution of separate individuals and scientific communities, as well as their role in the process of emergence of the first university in Crimea. The progressive-constructive character of the activity of nobility and intelligentsia in historical-cultural space of Crimea is demonstrated. Based on application of objective and contemporary approach to the events of 1916-1918, the author gives assessment of the events that correspond to representations of modern science, as well as conducts of comparative and generalizing analysis of the data from a number of sources.
Reform and improvement of work mechanism of the United Nations
Authors: Torosian Akop Oganesovich
Published: July 2020

This article examines the question of reform of the United Nations as one of the key objectives that has been on the agenda of this institution for several decades. The organization was established for the purpose of relieve future generations from the disasters of war that caused indescribable grieve to humanity; however, for quite a while there is an opinion that the UN has lost its authority and influence on the international arena. This article considers the improvement of work mechanisms of the United Nations. Particular attention is paid to the new principles founded in the early XXI century, reforms carried out within the system of UN, as well as position of the Russian Federation pertaining to the subject of research. Currently,  the United Nations is virtually the only institution that ensures security on the international arena, significantly contributes to the prevention of escalation of a high number of conflicts, despite the fact that there do still exist problematic hubs in the activity of this Organization. The UN greatly benefits the international community since its establishment; however, it requires changes and reforms in order to improve its effectiveness.
Documentation of control process over carrying out management decisions in the work of party organization on the regional level during 1970s – 1980s
Authors: Tarasova Nina
Published: July 2020

The author meticulously examines the aspects of documentation of control process s over carrying out management decisions in the work of party organization on the regional level during 1970s – early 1980s. Emphasis is made on the record management aspects of control over carrying out management decisions within party structures on the basis of archival material of Rostov and Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The article reviews control functions of the department of the Central Committee and Regional Committee of CPSU, requirements to formulations and procedures of documentation of control over execution of decrees, and flaws detected during inspection. The special contribution of the authors consists in studying the procedures of documentation of management decisions of party organization that did not receive due coverage by the researchers, as well as in introduction into the scientific discourse of archival sources, which views party documentation as a peculiar system, which specifics is reflected in the content of documents and documentation procedures and differentiates it from the national documentation system of that period. Documentation of control process over management decision-making in the party organization is described.
Science of the encyclopedia of law in the writings of German jurist Daniel Nettelbladt
Authors: Slobozhaninov Oleg Konstantinovich
Published: July 2020

 The subject of this research is the identification of legal views of the German jurist Daniel Nettelbladt – a bright representative of science of the encyclopedia of law at the stage of its conception as a science. The source base is comprised of the works of D. Nettelbladt and scientific writings of other legal scholars. The historical legal science does not pay due attention to the ideas and persona of Daniel Nettelbladt. Although, the Russian legal science lacks the monographic research of the political-legal concept of D. Nettelbladt, his scientific writings became the foundation for the Russian and German jurisprudence of the mid XVIII – first quarter of the XIX centuries, until the beginning of the triumph of German idealism (Kant, Hegel) and historical school of law (Hugo, Puchta, Savigny). The scientific novelty is substantiated by the subject and methods of research. The works of Daniel Nettelbladt have not been previously subjected to systemic and comprehensive examination, but his ideas and concepts retain their relevance. The core idea of Daniel Nettelbladt’s encyclopedia of law consists in interpretation of science as a natural law from the rationalistic perspective. He introduced the original theoretical concepts. The author examines the concept of law, jurisprudence, legal system in the context of scholar’s perception. The significance of D. Nettelbladt’s persona and contribution to the development of science of the encyclopedia of law is underlined.