bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Föhn Winds on Surface Energy Balance During the 2010–2011 Melt Season Over Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: King J. C. , Kirchgaessner A. , Bevan S. , Elvidge A. D. , Kuipers Munneke P. , Luckman A. , Orr A. , Renfrew I. A. , van den Broeke M. R.
Published: October 2017

We use model data from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS), measurements from automatic weather stations and satellite observations to investigate the association between surface energy balance (SEB), surface melt, and the occurrence of föhn winds over Larsen C Ice Shelf (Antarctic Peninsula) over the period November 2010 to March 2011. Föhn conditions occurred for over 20% of the time during this period and are associated with increased air temperatures and decreased relative humidity (relative to nonföhn conditions) over the western part of the ice shelf. During föhn conditions, the downward turbulent flux of sensible heat and the downwelling shortwave radiation both increase. However, in AMPS, these warming tendencies are largely balanced by an increase in upward latent heat flux and a decrease in downwelling longwave radiation so the impact of föhn on the modeled net SEB is small. This balance is highly sensitive to the representation of surface energy fluxes in the model, and limited validation data suggest that AMPS may underestimate the sensitivity of SEB and melt to föhn. There is broad agreement on the spatial pattern of melt between the model and satellite observations but disagreement in the frequency with which melt occurs. Satellite observations indicate localized regions of persistent melt along the foot of the Antarctic Peninsula mountains which are not simulated by the model. Furthermore, melt is observed to persist in these regions during extended periods when föhn does not occur, suggesting that other factors may be important in controlling melt in these regions.
Did Photosymbiont Bleaching Lead to the Demise of Planktic ForaminiferMorozovellaat the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum?
Authors: Luciani Valeria , D'Onofrio Roberta , Dickens Gerald R. , Wade Bridget S.
Published: October 2017

The symbiont‐bearing mixed‐layer planktic foraminiferal generaMorozovellaandAcarininawere among the most important calcifiers of early Paleogene tropical–subtropical oceans. A marked and permanent switch in the abundance of these genera is known to have occurred at low‐latitude sites at the beginning of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), such that the relative abundance ofMorozovellapermanently and significantly decreased along with a progressive reduction in the number of species; concomitantly, the genusAcarininaalmost doubled its abundance and diversified. Here we examine planktic foraminiferal assemblages and stable isotope compositions of their tests at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1051 (northwest Atlantic) to detail the timing of this biotic event, to document its details at the species level, and to test a potential cause: the loss of photosymbionts (bleaching). We also provide stable isotope measurements of bulk carbonate to refine the stratigraphy at Site 1051 and to determine when changes inMorozovellaspecies composition and their test size occurred. We demonstrate that the switch inMorozovellaandAcarininaabundance occurred rapidly and in coincidence with a negative carbon isotope excursion known as the J event (~53 Ma), which marks the start of the EECO. We provide evidence of photosymbiont loss after the J event from a size‐restricted δ13C analysis. However, such inferred bleaching was transitory and also occurred in the acarininids. The geologically rapid switch in planktic foraminiferal genera during the early Eocene was a major evolutionary change within marine biota, but loss of photosymbionts was not the primary causal mechanism.
Radio Science Adds “Technical Reports: Methods” Paper Type
Authors: Wilkinson Philip
Published: October 2017

Editorial on addition of new paper type.
Reply to “Comment on ‘U‐Pb and Hf Isotope Analysis of Detrital Zircons From Mesozoic Strata of the Gravina Belt, Southeast Alaska’ by Yokelson Et Al. (2015)”
Authors: Gehrels George E. , McClelland William C. , Yokelson Intan
Published: October 2017

Key Points

The western Gravina belt is depositionally tied to the outboard Alexander terrane

The eastern Gravina belt is depositionally tied to the inboard Yukon‐Tanana and Taku terranes

There is no evidence of a subduction zone of Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous age between the eastern and western Gravina belts
Nonprobability Online Panels
Authors: Bethlehem Jelke
Published: October 2017

Ever since the 1940s, the guidelines of good survey research strongly advise to apply random sampling, as this makes it possible to generalize from the sample to the population. If the principles of probability sampling have been applied, it is always possible to compute valid estimates of population characteristics. Moreover, the accuracy of the estimates can be computed by means of confidence intervals or margins of error. Developments in society face survey researchers with new challenges. One of the problems is the increasing nonresponse rate, which affects the validity of surveys. Another problem are surveys costs. High‐quality surveys (e.g., CAPI surveys) are very expensive. Therefore, researchers are looking for cheaper alternatives. In addition, for some surveys, it is hard to find proper sampling frames. The rise of the internet made it possible to conduct online surveys. The advantages of online data collection (it is fast, simple, and cheap) on the one hand and the lack of proper sampling frames on the other caused many online surveys to be self‐selection surveys. This is a form of nonprobability sampling. Self‐selection surveys have disadvantages. Estimates may be invalid, and it is impossible to compute the accuracy of estimates. For organizations often conducting surveys, it is often more efficient to create online panels and use them as a sampling frame for specific surveys. This approach has some disadvantages. One is nonresponse. If random sampling is used for creating a panel, the researcher may be confronted with high nonresponse rates. And if the panel is created by means of self‐selection, survey outcomes may also be biased. This contribution compares surveys from online panels recruited with random sampling with those based on self‐selection. Some examples show the perils of nonprobability online panels.
B
lastocatellia
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Pascual Javier , Foesel Bärbel U. , Overmann Jörg
Published: October 2017

Blas.to.ca.tel'li.a. N.L. fem. n.
Blastocatella
type genus of the type order of the class; suff.
‐ia
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Blastocatellia
 the class of the order
Blastocatellales
.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia

The delineation of the class
Blastocatellia
is based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and corresponds to the former subdivision 4 of the phylum
Acidobacteria
. The class currently comprises the single order
Blastocatellales
, which constitutes the type order and consists of the two families of chemoheterotrophic bacteria,
Blastocatellaceae
and
Pyrinomonadaceae
, and the genus
Chloracidobacterium
of microaerophilic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria.
T
erriglobus
Authors: Eichorst Stephanie A. , Trojan Daniela , Woebken Dagmar
Published: October 2017

Ter ri glo' bus. L. fem n.
terra
, earth; L. masc. n.
globus
ball, clump; N.L. masc. n.
Terriglobus
clump of earth.

Acidobacteria / Acidobacteriia / Acidobacteriales / Acidobacteriaceae / Terriglobus

Terriglobus
is a genus in the phylum
Acidobacteria
in the family
Acidobacteriaceae
, order
Acidobacteriales
, class
Acidobacteriia,
subdivision 1. It currently comprises five species—
Terriglobus roseus
,
Terriglobus saanensis
,
Terriglobus tenax
,
Terriglobus aquaticus
, and
Terriglobus albidus
. Members of the genus are widely distributed in soils including rhizosphere soils and the phyllosphere and are also found in freshwater and in association with insects. This genus encompasses bacteria that are chemoorganotrophs and have obligatory aerobic metabolism with an optimal growth in mildly acidic (pH ∼5–6) and mesophilic (about 25–30°C) conditions. Colonies of
Terriglobus
are typically circular in form with a convex elevation and can be with or without pink pigmentation. These bacteria can use a range of different carbon sources, and nitrogen is attained by exogenous amino acids or ammonium chloride. Cells are nonmotile, Gram‐stain‐negative with lengths and widths ranging from 0.8 to 3 µm and 0.4 to 0.9 µm, respectively. Some strains produce extracellular material, which can be visualized by microscopy or in liquid culture, generating a floc/clumping phenotype. The dominant fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
and C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57.3–63.2% (
T
m
and HPLC).

Type species
:
Terriglobus roseus
Eichorst, Breznak and Schmidt 2007b, 1933
VP
(Effective publication: Eichorst, Breznak and Schmidt 2007a, 2716).
C
urtobacterium
Authors: Saddler Gerard S. , Guimarāes Patricia M. , Hamada Moriyuki , Suzuki Ken‐ichiro
Published: October 2017

Cur.to.bac.te'ri.um L. adj.
curtus
shortened; L. neut. n.
bacterium
a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Curtobacterium
a short rodlet

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Curtobacterium

Short irregular rods
(0.3–0.6 × 0.5–3.0 µm); pleomorphism is not distinctive. Cells become shorter to coccoid in older cultures. Branching is not found,
bending type cell division
. Nonsporeforming. Not all species are motile; generally motile species show peritrichous flagellation. Gram‐stain‐positive, but staining properties can be lost with age. Non‐acid‐fast. Colonies are generally ivory, yellow, or orange. Strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophs. Acid is produced weakly from glucose, fructose, and some other carbohydrates. Acetate, pyruvate, and lactate are assimilated in addition to other organic acids. Catalase and DNase are positive; gelatin and esculin are hydrolyzed. Nitrate is not reduced; oxidase and urease are not produced.

The cell‐wall peptidoglycan, based on the presence of
d
‐ornithine, is type B2

β.
Acetyl is the peptidoglycan acyl type
. Mycolic acids are not found. Nonhydroxylated fatty acids, specifically
anteiso‐methyl branched chains fatty acids predominate
; ω‐cyclohexyl undecanoic acid is found in some species. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and some glycosyldiacylglycerols are the major polar lipids. Spermidine and spermine are the major polyamines; putrescine and cadaverine are absent.
Isoprenoid quinones, comprising menaquinones with 9 isoprene units
(
MK‐9
),
predominate
.

DNA G + C content
(
mol%
): 68.8–75.2 (
T
m
, HPLC).

Type species
:
Curtobacterium citreum
(Komagata and Iizuka, 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972b, 425
AL
(
Brevibacterium citreum
Komagata and Iizuka 1964, 498).
R
hizobacter
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: October 2017

Rhi.zo.bac' ter. Gr. n.
rhiza
a root; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
masc. equivalent of Gr. neut. n.
bacterion
rod, staff; N.L. masc. n.
Rhizobacter
root rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Pseudomonadaceae / Rhizobacter

Rod‐shaped
cells, 0.4–1.3 × 0.8–2.5 µm.
Gram‐stain‐negative.
Endospores are not formed.
Motile by polar flagella or lateral flagella or both. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Chemoorganotrophic.
White, brownish, yellowish white or yellowish, plicated, tough or smooth, convex colonies on agar plates. Growth occurs on R2A agar. Good growth is obtained at 25–30°C; no growth at 37°C. Does not require NaCl or growth factors; no growth in the presence of 1% NaCl.
Oxidase positive and catalase variable.
Negative for indole production and gelatin hydrolysis. Some species hydrolyze CM‐cellulose and some hydrolyze natural rubber.

The major quinone type is ubiquinone Q‐8. The major fatty acids are summed feature 3 (comprising C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or C
16:1
ω6
c
) and C
16:0
. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The major polyamines are putrescine and 2‐hydroxyputrescine.

Species are isolated from soil, freshwater sediment, or plant tissues. The type species occurs in soil and is a plant pathogen, causing galls on carrot roots in nature.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66–71.

Type species
:
Rhizobacter dauci
corrig
. Goto and Kuwata 1988, 238
VP
(
Rhizobacter daucus
(sic) Goto and Kuwata, 1988, 238.)
D
einobacterium
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen
Published: October 2017

Dei.no.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. adj.
deinos
gigantic, unusual; L. neut. n.
bacterium
rod, N.L. neut. n.
Deinobacterium
an unusual bacterium.

Deinococcus‐Thermus / Deinococci / Deinococcales / Deinococcaceae / Deinobacterium

Gram‐negative staining but Gram‐positive reaction in KOH and aminopeptidase tests. Aerobic and chemoorganotrophic. Nonmotile, and endospores are not formed. Highly radiation resistant. Catalase‐positive. The major cellular fatty acids are C
15:0
anteiso and C
17:0
iso, and the major polar lipid is an unknown aminophospholipid. Major quinone is menaquinone MK‐8. Peptidoglycan structure is A3β (
l
‐Orn–Gly–Gly). Member of the class
Deinococci
, family
Deinococcaceae
. Known habitat is a biofilm in a Finnish paper mill.

DNA G + C content
(
mol%
): 66.8 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Deinobacterium chartae
Ekman, Faulio, Busse, Fewer and Salkinoja‐Salonen 2011, 546
VP
.
P
roteiniborus
Authors: Niu Lili , Dong Xiuzhu
Published: October 2017

Pro.tei.ni'bo.rus. N.L. n.
proteinum
protein; Gr. adj.
boros
gluttonous; N.L. masc. n.
Proteiniborus
protein‐consumer.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Thermohalobacteraceae / Proteiniborus

Gram‐positive cell wall structure, straight short rods with cell size of 0.5–0.6 × 1.4–3.8 µm. Nonmotile. Spores not formed. Obligately anaerobic. No growth under microaerophilic or aerobic conditions. Grows at 20–48°C and pH 6.4–10.0. Chemoorganotrophic. Yeast extract and peptone can be used as carbon and energy sources. The major fermentation products include acetate, ethanol, hydrogen gas, and carbon dioxide. Cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains abundant
l
‐lysine but not diaminopimelic acid. Cellular fatty acids are mainly saturated and consist predominantly of C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and C
18:0
. Taxonomically, the genus
Proteiniborus
is accommodated in the class
Clostridia
. All the strains are isolated from the sludge of anaerobic reactors treating wastewater.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38.0 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Proteiniborus ethanoligenes
Niu, Song and Dong 2008, 15
VP
.
A
ridibacter
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Foesel Bärbel U. , Pascual Javier , Overmann Jörg
Published: October 2017

A.ri.di.bac'ter. L. masc. adj.
aridus
, dry; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a short rod; N.L. masc. n.
Aridibacter
rod‐shaped bacterium which was isolated from dry soil.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Blastocatellaceae / Aridibacter

The genus
Aridibacter
comprises aerobic, chemoorganotrophic mesophiles that are adapted to a broad range of temperature and pH values. Cells are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, and nonmotile rods that occur as single cells or in short chains and divide by binary fission. At high cell densities, some strains form cell aggregates even in shaken cultures. The cells do not form capsules and endospores. They test negative for cytochrome
c‐
oxidase and positive for catalase.
Aridibacter
species grow on few monomeric sugars, organic acids, various complex proteinaceous substrates, and yeast extract. Some representatives are capable of degrading other polymers such as cellulose and show growth on laminarin, starch, and chitin. Low amounts of NaCl (0.25% w/v) enhance the growth of the
Aridibacter
strains. Major fatty acids are
iso
‐C
15:0
, C
13:0
3‐OH/
iso
‐C
15:1
H, and C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The major quinone is MK‐8; small amounts of MK‐7 also occur. Both known
Aridibacter
species originate from subtropical savannah soils. Phylogenetically related sequence types potentially representing additional species of the genus have been detected in other soils, soil crusts, subsurface sediments, on skin, and in clean rooms.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 52.6–53.2 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Aridibacter famidurans
Huber, Wüst, Rohde, Overmann and Foesel 2014, 1872
VP
.
B
lastocatella
Authors: Foesel Bärbel U. , Huber Katharina J. , Pascual Javier , Overmann Jörg
Published: October 2017

Blas.to.ca.tel'la. Gr. n.
blastos,
bud shoot; L. fem. n.
catella
small chain; N.L. fem. n.
Blastocatella
a budding small chain.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Blastocatellaceae / Blastocatella

The genus
Blastocatella
accommodates aerobic, chemoorganotrophic bacteria with a strictly respiratory type of metabolism. Cells are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, and pleomorphic with a tendency to form chains and larger aggregates. They divide by binary fission and/or budding. Single cells and pairs of cells are motile. Capsules are not formed. Neutrophilic mesophiles, halointolerant. Test positive for catalase and cytochrome
c
oxidase. Exhibit a very restricted range of growth substrates utilizing mainly complex proteinaceous compounds. Characteristic fatty acids after Bligh–Dyer extraction are
iso
‐C
15:0
,
iso
‐C
15:1
H, C
16:1
ω7
c
,
iso
‐C
16:0
,
iso
‐C
16:1
H, and
iso
‐C
17:1
ω9
c
. After direct acid hydrolysis of cell material, low amounts of 13,16‐dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (
iso
‐diabolic acid) and larger amounts of its monoalkyl glycerol ether (MGE) derivative are found. Whole cell lysates contain substantial amounts of MGE derivatives of saturated fatty acids (
iso
‐C
15
‐MGE and iso‐C
17
‐MGE). The major quinone is MK‐8. The type species of the genus is
Blastocatella fastidiosa
and was isolated from semiarid savanna soil. It represents the first validly described member of the class
Blastocatellia
of the phylum
Acidobacteria
. Member of the order
Blastocatellales
, family
Blastocatellaceae
. On the basis of the culture‐independent 16S rRNA gene surveys, representatives of the genus also occur in rhizosphere soil, contaminated soil, coals beds, and mattress dust.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 46.5 (HPLC) for the type species.

Type species
:
Blastocatella fastidiosa
Foesel, Rohde and Overmann 2013b, 2365
VP
(Effective publication: Foesel, Rohde and Overmann 2013a, 87) emend. Pascual, Wüst, Geppert, Foesel, Huber and Overmann 2015, 542.
S
tenotrophobacter
Authors: Pascual Javier , Huber Katharina J. , Foesel Bärbel U. , Overmann Jörg
Published: October 2017

Ste.no.tro.pho.bac' ter. Gr. adj.
stenos
, narrow; Gr. n.
trophos
, feeder, one who feeds; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Stenotrophobacter
a rod feeding on a few substrates.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Blastocatellaceae / Stenotrophobacter

Gram‐negative, nonmotile, short rods. Cells divide by binary fission and occur as single cells or as pairs. Do not form spores or capsules. Test negative for cytochrome
c
oxidase and variable for catalase. Grow aerobically by chemoorganotrophic metabolism using a narrow range of growth substrates including protocatechuate and complex protein substrates. Unable to reduce nitrate and ferment glucose. Mesophiles with broad temperature optima and a broad temperature range of growth. Optimum growth occurs at neutral, slightly acidic, or slightly basic pH. Tolerate highly alkaline pH. Major fatty acids include
iso
‐C
15:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
, and
iso
‐C
15:1H
/C
13:0
3‐OH. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐8. Small amounts of MK‐7 are also observed. All three
Stenotrophobacter
species described to date,
S. namibiensis, S. roseus,
and
S. terrae
, were isolated from Namibian semiarid savannah soils. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, additional not‐yet‐cultured representatives occur in bulk soils and in the rhizosphere of wild and crop plants. Other environments where
Stenotrophobacter
can be found include freshwater and seawater, microbial mats, extreme habitats such as hot springs, and various parts of the human body.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.8–59.4 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Stenotrophobacter terrae
Pascual, Wüst, Geppert, Foesel, Huber and Overmann 2016, 1604
VP
(Effective publication: Pascual, Wüst, Geppert, Foesel, Huber and Overmann 2015, 541).
T
ellurimicrobium
Authors: Pascual Javier , Huber Katharina J. , Foesel Bärbel U. , Overmann Jörg
Published: October 2017

Tel.lu.ri.mi.cro'bi.um. L. fem. n.
tellus, telluris
, the ground, land, earth and also a Roman goddess of the earth (
Tellus
); N.L. neut. n.
microbium
(from Gr. adj.
mikros
, small; and Gr. masc. n.
bios
, life), a microbe; N.L. neut. n.
Tellurimicrobium
a microbe isolated from the ground.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Blastocatellaceae/ Tellurimicrobium

Gram‐negative, short rods that divide by binary fission. Do not form spores or capsules. Nonmotile. Grow aerobically by chemoorganotroph metabolism using a broad spectrum of monomeric sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, starch, casamino acids, peptone, and yeast extract. Test positive for cytochrome oxidase and catalase. Unable to reduce nitrate or to ferment glucose. Slightly acidophilic and mesophilic. Major fatty acids include C
18:1
ω7
c
/C
18:1
ω6
c
,
iso
‐C
15:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
, and
iso
‐C
15:1
H/C
13:0
3‐OH. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐8. Members of the class
Blastocatellia
, order
Blastocatellales
, family
Blastocatellaceae
. The type species was isolated from Namibian Kalahari sand. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, however, members of the genus occur in agricultural soils on other continents as well.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.4 (HPLC).

Type species:
Tellurimicrobium multivorans

Pascual, Wüst, Geppert, Foesel, Huber and Overmann 2016, 1604
VP
(Effective publication: Pascual, Wüst, Geppert, Foesel, Huber and Overmann 2015, 540.)
C
aloribacterium
Authors: Slobodkina Galina B.
Published: October 2017

Ca.lo.ri.bac.te'ri.um. L. n
. calor
heat; L. neut. n
. bacterium
a small rod; L. neut. n.
Caloribacterium
a thermophilic rod.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Thermoanaerobacterales / Thermoanaerobacteraceae / Caloribacterium

Gram‐positive
straight
rods
with rounded ends. Cells occur singly or in pairs and are motile due to several nonpolar flagella. Spores are not produced.
Strictly anaerobic. Moderately thermophilic
.
Neutrophilic. Chemoorganoheterotrophic
. Fermentative growth with a number of proteinaceous substrates, organic acids, and carbohydrates. Thiosulfate is reduced to sulfide and enhances growth slightly. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, C
16:0
, C
18:0
, and iso‐C
17:1
ω8. Member of the family
Thermoanaerobacteraceae,
class
Clostridia
. The type species
, Caloribacterium cisternae
SGL43
T
, was isolated from production water of an underground gas storage reservoir (North Caucasus Region, Russia).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.1 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Caloribacterium cisternae
Slobodkina, Kolganova, Kostrikina, Bonch‐Osmolovskay and Slobodkin 2012, 1546
VP
.
B
lastocatellales
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Pascual Javier , Foesel Bärbel U. , Overmann Jörg
Published: October 2017

Blas.to.ca.tel.la'les. N.L. fem. n.
Blastocatella
, type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Blastocatellales
the order of the genus
Blastocatella
.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales

The order
Blastocatellales
is defined based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. The order currently encompasses the two families
Blastocatellaceae
and
Pyrinomonadaceae
, and the microaerophilic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic genus
Chloracidobacterium
. Representatives of this order are mesophilic or thermophilic bacteria. Stain Gram‐negative and divide by binary fission. Budding or budding‐like cell division events also occur. Members of the order
Blastocatellales
show a broad tolerance range of pH during growth. They are capable of using complex proteinaceous compounds for growth; some representatives are also able to degrade other complex carbon compounds such as cellulose and starch. The major respiratory quinone is MK‐8 or MK‐8(H
2
). Mostly occur in soils, one genus was isolated from a hydrothermal soil and another from a hydrothermal spring.
H
aloferacales
Authors: Oren Aharon , Ventosa Antonio
Published: October 2017

Ha.lo.fe.ra.ca'les. N.L. neut. n.
Haloferax
the type genus of the order; N.L. suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Haloferacales
the order of
Haloferax
.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales

The order
Haloferacales
consists of two families, the
Haloferacaceae
and the
Halorubraceae
. Its members are chemoorganotrophic halophiles and are found in salt lakes, salterns, soda lakes, and other hypersaline environments. The order was split off from the
Halobacteriales
in 2015 based on phylogenomic analysis.
Pseudo‐Response Regulator Genes ‘Tell’ the Time of Day: Multiple Feedbacks in the Circadian System of Higher Plants
Authors: Hanano Shigeru , Davis Seth J.
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

History of the Circadian System

An Overview of the Phosphorelay Two‐Component System in Arabidopsis

Pseudo‐Response Regulators

Circadian Regulation of
TOC1
/
PRR
Family:
CCA1
/
LHY‐TOC1
Feedback Model and Circadian Wave Form of the
TOC1
/
PRR
Family

A Detailed Description of Signal Convergence in the

PRR

Genes

Phylogenetic and Epistatic Relations between the
PRRs

Partners of
PRR
Proteins

A brief Overview of
PRRs
in Other Plants

Perspective

Acknowledgements
Study of Metabolic Control in Plants by Metabolomics
Authors: Fiehn Oliver
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Metabolomic Methods

Metabolomic Databases

Pathways, Clusters and Networks: Applications of Plant Metabolomics

Outlook
Role of Protein Kinases, Phosphatases and 14‐3‐3 Proteins in the Control of Primary Plant Metabolism
Authors: Moorhead Greg B. G. , Templeton George W. , Tran Hue T.
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Protein Kinases

Protein Phosphatases

A Multitude of Phosphospecific Binding Modules

The Role of Protein Phosphorylation in the Control of Plant Primary Metabolism

Acknowledgements
Redox Signal Transduction in Plant Metabolism
Authors: Mora‐Garcia Santiago , Stolowicz Fabiana G. , Wolosiuk Ricardo A.
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Reactivity of the Sulfhydryl Group

Protein‐Disulfide Oxido‐Reductases

Thioredoxins

Glutaredoxins

Protein‐Disulfide Isomerases

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Control of Carbon Fixation in Chloroplasts
Authors: Gontero Brigitte , Avilan Luisana , Lebreton Sandrine
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Ribulose‐1,5‐Bisphosphate Carboxylase‐Oxygenase

Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Fructose‐1,6‐Bisphosphatase and Sedoheptulose‐1, 7‐Bisphosphatase

Phosphoribulokinase

Other Important Enzymes in theCalvin Cycle

Supramolecular Complexes of theCalvin Cycle

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
Photosynthetic Carbon–Nitrogen Interactions: Modelling Inter‐Pathway Control and Signalling
Authors: Foyer Christine H. , Noctor Graham , Verrier Paul
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Integration ofCandNMetabolism in Leaves

Control of Nitrate Assimilation Rates and theC/NInteraction

Pathway Coordination and theC/NSignal Transduction Network

Modelling theC/NInteraction

Conclusions and Perspectives

Acknowledgement
Introduction: Biology of the Plant Cuticle
Authors: Riederer Markus
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

The Evolution of the Plant Cuticle

Major Functions of the Plant Cuticle

Convergence with Other Integuments

Objectives of this Book
Biosynthesis and Transport of Plant Cuticular Waxes
Authors: Kunst Ljerka , Jetter Reinhard , Samuels A. Lacey
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Synthesis of Very Long‐Chain Fatty Acid Wax Precursors

Biosynthetic Pathways to Monofunctional Aliphatics

Triterpenoid Biosynthesis

Regulation of Wax Biosynthesis

Wax Biosynthesis and Transport in the Context of the Epidermal Cell

Concluding Remarks
Cuticular Transpiration
Authors: Burghardt Markus , Riederer Markus
Published: October 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Mechanisms of Water Transport through the Cuticle

Environmental Effects on Transpiration

Physiology of Cuticular Transpiration in Relation to Stomatal Closure

The Cuticular Transpiration Barrier as a Mechanism of the Drought Avoidance Strategy

Conclusions
Dosimetric effects of anatomical changes during fractionated photon radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: van der Horst Astrid , Houweling Antonetta C. , van Tienhoven Geertjan , Visser Jorrit , Bel Arjan
Published: October 2017

Pancreatic tumors show large interfractional position variation. In addition, changes in gastrointestinal gas volumes and body contour take place over the course of radiation therapy. We aimed to quantify the effect of these anatomical changes on target dose coverage, for the clinically used fiducial marker‐based patient position verification and, for comparison, also for simulated bony anatomy‐based position verification. Nine consecutive patients were included in this retrospective study. To enable fraction dose calculations on cone‐beam CT (CBCT), the planning CT was deformably registered to each CBCT (13–15 per patient); gas volumes visible on CBCT were copied to the deformed CT. Fraction doses were calculated for the clinically used 10 MV VMAT treatment plan (with for the planning target volume (PTV): D98% = 95%), according to fiducial marker‐based and bony anatomy‐based image registrations. Dose distributions were rigidly summed to yield the accumulated dose. To evaluate target dose coverage, we defined an iCTV+5 mm volume, i.e., the internal clinical target volume (iCTV) expanded with a 5 mm margin to account for remaining uncertainties including delineation uncertainties. We analyzed D98%, Dmean, and D2% for iCTV+5 mm and PTV (i.e., iCTV plus 10 mm margin). We found that for fiducial marker‐based registration, differences between fraction doses and planned dose were minimal. For bony anatomy‐based registration, fraction doses differed considerably, resulting in large differences between planned and accumulated dose for some patients, up to a decrease in D98% of the iCTV+5 mm from 95.9% to 85.8%. Our study shows that fractionated photon irradiation of pancreatic tumors is robust against variations in body contour and gastrointestinal gas, with dose coverage only mildly affected. However, as a result of interfractional tumor position variations, target dose coverage can severely decline when using bony anatomy for patient position verification. Therefore, the use of intratumoral fiducial marker‐based daily position verification is essential in pancreatic cancer patients.
A Double Self‐Assembly Process for Versatile Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Layer Deposition and Conformal Coating on 3D Structures
Authors: Jia Guobin , Plentz Jonathan , Presselt Martin , Dellith Jan , Dellith Andrea , Patze Sophie , Tölle Folke Johannes , Mülhaupt Rolf , Andrä Gudrun , Falk Fritz , Dietzek Benjamin
Published: October 2017

In this work, a double self‐assembly (DSA) process is demonstrated based on the surface interaction between graphene flakes (GFs) and surfactant molecules at water/air interface, leading to the formation of a stable and dense monolayer of graphene flakes (MGFs) floating on water surface. The thus prepared MGFs can be easily transferred onto various substrates almost independent of their surface wettability. During deposition both the GFs and excess surfactant molecules rearrange themselves in a self‐assembled way, so that optimal compression of the MGFs is ensured. Consequently, high performance deposition of MGFs can be easily achieved. The here‐reported process combines a fast, reliable, equipment‐free large‐area (>75 cm2 in this work) high performance MGFs deposition onto most substrates irrespective to their wettability. Moreover, the DSA process enables an excellent conformal coating of MGFs on 3D structures. Thus, this technology has the potential to pave the way to many large‐scale affordable applications of low‐cost graphene feedstocks.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Indoles with Diazo Compounds: Synthesis of Structurally Diverse 2,3‐Fused Indoles
Authors: Gao Mengying , Yang Yaxi , Chen Hua , Zhou Bing
Published: October 2017

A Rhodium‐catalyzed C2‐H functionalization of indoles with diazo compounds, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition to C=O or C=C bonds, is reported for divergent synthesis of 2,3‐fused indoles. Besides acceptor/acceptor diazo compounds, donor/acceptor diazo compounds are broadly tolerated, giving various 2,3‐fused indoles with perfect diastereocontrol. Notably, a selective C−H dialkylation reaction at C2 and C7 position of indoles has also been developed by simply changing the reaction conditions. This environmentally benign transformation proceeds under mild conditions and gives dinitrogen as the only by‐product.

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Sulfonated Mesoporous Silica as Proton Exchanging Layer in Solid‐State Organic Transistor
Authors: Yambem Soniya D. , Timm Jana , Weiss Morten , Pandey Ajay K. , Marschall Roland
Published: October 2017

Electronic devices that can interface with biological systems are highly desirable for developing smart bionics and prosthetics. However, this is challenging since most electronic devices used in our daily life send signals through flow of electrons while biological signals are carried via the exchange of ions and protons. Here, an all‐solid‐state, low‐voltage proton‐sensing electronic device using sulfonated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as gate materials in an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) is presented. The OTFT gated with solution processable SO3H‐Si‐MCM‐41 nanoparticle film maintains transistor output characteristics for operating source–drain voltages 0 > Vds > −2.0 V. This proton‐sensing OTFT shows strong modulation in the drain current, ≈12‐fold increase, when the top of the SO3H‐Si‐MCM‐41 layer is brought in contact with H2O2, demonstrating that such OTFT operation is highly applicable in advanced biomedical sensing platforms. The effect of gate electrode thickness and quantity of analyte on achievable modulation is also presented. The sensitivity and stability of the proton sensitive OTFTs over five decades of concentration of analyte is discussed.
Nhe5 deficiency enhances learning and memory via upregulating Bdnf/TrkB signaling in mice
Authors: Chen Xuejiao , Wang Xiyi , Tang Lingyun , Wang Jinjin , Shen Chunling , Liu Jianbing , Lu Shunyuan , Zhang Hongxin , Kuang Ying , Fei Jian , Wang Zhugang
Published: October 2017

Nhe5, a Na+/H+ exchanger, is predominantly expressed in brain tissue and is proposed to act as a negative regulator of dendritic spine growth. Up to now, its physiological function in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that Nhe5‐deficient mice exhibit markedly enhanced learning and memory in Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance task. Meanwhile, the pre‐ and post‐synaptic components, synaptophysin (Syn) and post‐synaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression levels were found increased in hippocampal regions lacking of Nhe5, suggesting a possible alterations in neuronal synaptic structure and function in Nhe5−/− mice. Further study reveals that Nhe5 deficiency leads to higher Bdnf expression levels, followed by increased phosphorylated TrkB and PLCγ levels, indicating that Bdnf/TrkB signaling is activated due to Nhe5 deficiency. Moreover, the corresponding brain regions of Nhe5−/− mice display elevated ERK/CaMKII/CREB phosphorylation levels. Taken together, these findings uncover a novel physiological function of Nhe5 in regulating learning and memory, further implying Nhe5 as a potential therapeutic target for improving cognition.
Sorting of C4Olefins with Interpenetrated Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials by Combining Molecular Recognition and Size‐Sieving
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Yang Qiwei , Cui Xili , Yang Lifeng , Bao Zongbi , Ren Qilong , Xing Huabin
Published: October 2017

C4olefin separations present one of the great challenges in hydrocarbon purifications owing to their similar structures, thus a single separation mechanism often met with limited success. Herein we report a series of anion‐pillared interpenetrated copper coordination for which the cavity and functional site disposition can be varied in 0.2 Å scale increments by altering the anion pillars and organic linkers (GeFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐32), NbFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐52), GeFSIX‐14‐Cu‐i (ZU‐33)), which enable selective recognition of different C4olefins. In these materials the rotation of the organic linkers is controlled to create a contracted flexible pore window that enables the size‐exclusion of specific C4olefins, while still adsorbing significant amounts of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) or 1‐butene (n‐C4H8). Combining the molecular recognition and size‐sieving effect, these materials unexpectedly realized the sieving of C4H6/n‐C4H8, C4H6/iso‐C4H8, and n‐C4H8/iso‐C4H8with high capacity.
Triaminotriborane(3): A Homocatenated Boron Chain Connected by B−B Multiple Bonds
Authors: Morisako Shogo , Shang Rong , Yamamoto Yohsuke , Matsui Hiroshi , Nakano Masayoshi
Published: October 2017

A triaminotriborane(3) was isolated as purple crystals through the reduction of (TMP)BCl2 (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino) by sodium naphthalenide. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and computational studies of the obtained triaminotriborane(3) revealed a bent structure of the [B(NR2)]3 chain. The bond lengths between the central and terminal boron atoms were similar to those observed in neutral diborene species. The multiple‐bonding character may be best described by a three‐center two‐electron π‐bond along the B3 chain. The distance between the two terminal boron atoms (2.177 Å) in the solid‐state structure implies a weak interaction between them. When an excess amount of Li was used as the reducing agent, the reaction yielded an unusual dianionic species. The isolation and characterization of these two reduction products are reported herein.
Biodegradable compatibilized polymer blends for packaging applications: A literature review
Authors: Muthuraj Rajendran , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar Kumar
Published: October 2017

The majority of materials used for short‐term and disposable packaging application are non‐biodegradable which are not satisfying the demands in environmental safety and sustainability. Biodegradable polymers are an alternative for these non‐biodegradable materials. The biodegradable polymeric materials can degrade in a reasonable time period without causing environmental problems. However, biodegradable polymers possess some limitations such as comparatively high cost, insufficient mechanical performances, and inferior thermal stability to extend their widespread application in packaging industry. To overcome these limitations, one of the most commonly used strategies is melt blending of dissimilar biodegradable polymers. Unfortunately, most of the biodegradable polymer blends exhibit insufficient performance because they are thermodynamically immiscible as well as exhibit poor compatibility between the blended components. It has been established that the compatibilization is a well‐known strategy to improve the performances of the immiscible biodegradable polymer blends by enhancing the adhesion between the phases. As a result, recent studies focus on various compatibilizers to enhance the performances of the resulting biodegradable polymer blends. This review summarizes the recent developments on a variety of biodegradable polymer blends compatibilized by melt processing with a main focus of ex situ and in situ compatibilization strategies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45726.
Preparation of antireflection coatings with novel cationic–nonionic PU‐SiO2 core–shell particle dispersions
Authors: Jin Xiaohua , Sun Dongcheng
Published: October 2017

A novel polyurethane (PU)‐SiO2 core–shell particle dispersion was prepared by an acid‐catalyzed sol–gel process using cationic–nonionic PU particle as template. Results of average sizes, polydispersity index, and transmission electron microscope indicated that tetramethylorthosilicate were first diffused to the surface of PU particles, then occurring hydrolysis–condensation reaction to form core–shell particles. Antireflection coating formulation was prepared by as‐prepared core–shell particle dispersion and SiO2 sol binder. After dip‐coating in the formulation, antireflection coating was formed on glass surface by calcination. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that pores had been formed inside coating after removing PU template particles, and the coating surface could be almost fully closed. In addition, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer analysis showed that the maximum transmittance of antireflection glasses can be as high as 98.6% at 548 nm. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45762.
Synthesis of biodegradable polyurethanes chain‐extended with (2S)‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl) 2‐aminopentane dioate
Authors: Aksoy Eda Ayse , Taskor Gulce , Gultekinoglu Merve , Kara Filiz , Ulubayram Kezban
Published: October 2017

Polyurethanes (PUs) are the most widely used polymers because of their biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and chemical versatility. In this study, a two‐step condensation polymerization of polycaprolactone diol and hexamethylene diisocyanate was carried out, and a glutamic acid ester derivative, (2S)‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl) 2‐aminopentane dioate (HPAP), was used as a new chain extender to accelerate the biodegradation properties of PU. HPAP was synthesized by the Fischer esterification of l‐glutamic acid. The chemical structure of HPAP was confirmed by high‐resolution mass spectroscopy and m/z (EI) was found to be 264.1447 [calculated value = 264.1443 for C11H21NO6 (M+)]. The Berry plot of static light‐scattering measurements showed that PU–HPAP had a weight‐average molecular weight and radius of gyration of 33,100 g/mol and 1420 nm, respectively. The presence of HPAP in the PU structure facilitated hydrogen bonding between the polymer chains and increased the glass‐transition temperature from −56 °C (PU) to −50 °C (PU–HPAP). PU–HPAP showed the highest hydrophilicity and surface free energy among all of samples, and this accelerated the in vitro biodegradation period via surface erosion. In addition, PU–HPAP did not show any cytotoxic effects on the L929 cells. A new biodegradable and biocompatible PU–HPAP was obtained as candidate for tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45764.
Dulse‐derived porous carbon–polyaniline nanocomposite electrode for high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Tan Yongtao , Liu Yuansen , Zhang Yafei , Xu Changan , Kong Lingbin , Kang Long , Ran Fen
Published: October 2017

Dulse‐derived porous carbon (DDPC)–polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were fabricated by a method based on the in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline on DDPC. The characterization of the material showed that the nano‐PANI was grown on the surface of DDPC in the form of nanosticks or nanoparticles. The DDPC–PANI nanocomposites were further used as electrode materials for energy‐storage applications. Meanwhile, the effect of the amount of aniline on the electrochemical performance of DDPC–PANI was also investigated. The results show that a maximum specific capacitance of 458 F/g was achieved for the DDPC–PANI nanocomposites; this was higher than that of the DDPC electrode (218 F/g), and the PANI electrode (318 F/g). The specific capacitance of DDPC–PANI remained 66.0% of the initial value after 5000 cycles; this was higher than that of PANI (50.5%). Finally, a device of DDPC–PANI–activated carbon (AC) was assembled with DDPC–PANI as a positive electrode, which exhibited a high energy density of 9.02 W h/kg, which was higher than that of PANI–AC device. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45776.
Compatibilization effects in thermoplastic protein/polyester blends
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Verbeek Casparus J. R.
Published: October 2017

Novatein thermoplastic protein was extrusion blended with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) in the presence of dual compatibilizers to produce blends with greater energy absorbing properties than pure Novatein. Compatibilizer pairs were Joncryl ADR‐4368 (glycidyl methacrylate‐functionalized) with 2‐methylimidazole (2MI), and poly‐2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (PEOX) with polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (pMDI). Uncompatibilized Novatein/PBAT blends had decreased tensile mechanical properties, attributed to phase separation, and poor interfacial adhesion. PBAT became finely dispersed in both compatibilized systems, but PEOX/pMDI blends showed embrittlement and large Novatein domains, which acted as stress concentrations. Tensile strength and elongation at break for Joncryl/2MI blends did not decrease compared with Novatein, even at 10 wt % PBAT, and impact strength increased threefold. Dynamic mechanical analysis and solvent extraction showed that PBAT coalesced in all systems, at compositions as low as 2 wt %. It was concluded that using Joncryl/2MI as a dual compatibilizer system can successfully produce a morphology that enhances energy absorption during fracture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45808.
Flame‐retardant behavior of a phosphorus/silicon compound on polycarbonate
Authors: Ni Pei , Fang Youyou , Qian Lijun , Qiu Yong
Published: October 2017

A phosphorus/silicon flame retardant, MVC‐DOPO, was synthesized from 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and 2,4,6,8‐tetra‐methyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetra‐vinyl‐cyclo‐tetrasiloxane (MVC) via addition reaction. Its flame‐retardant effect on polycarbonate (PC) was investigated. The phosphorus/silicon flame retardant increased the limited oxygen index and UL‐94 rating and reduced the heat release rate and total heat release of DOPO‐MVC/PC composites during combustion, indicating the excellent flame‐retardant effect of MVC‐DOPO on PC. MVC‐DOPO inhibited the burning intensity of PC material in the gaseous phase and promoted the formation of a more viscous residue in the condensed phase. Through releasing phosphorus‐containing pieces and phenoxy radicals from the phosphaphenanthrene group, MVC‐DOPO quenched the combustion chain reaction in the gaseous phase; through promoting formation of a more viscous residue and a dense char layer from the main actions of the cyclotetrasiloxane group, MVC‐DOPO reduced fuel release and generated a barrier effect in the condensed phase. Hence, MVC‐DOPO effectively exerted a flame‐retardant effect on PC material in both the gaseous and condensed phases during combustion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45815.