bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INDUSTRY EFFLUENT ON HISTO-PHARMACOGNOSY OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA LINN. USED AS BLOOD PURIFIER
Authors: Tyagi Kavita , Sharma Saurabh
Published: August 2021

Aims of the Study:
To carried out the effect of Atlas Cycles Industry effluent on pharmacognosy of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. used as Blood Purifier
Method:
The effluent of Atlas Cycles Industry was analyzed by Trivedi & Goel, 1986 method. Metacalf and Chalk, 1950 was consulted for anatomical studies of selected plant; for chemical analysis Johanson, 1940, Cromwell, 1955 & Trease and Evans, 1983 were followed. TLC was investigated by WHO, 1998.
Results:
The physico-chemical parameters of Atlas cycle industry effluent were found greater values as compared to standard values. The morphological & anatomical parameters were showed decreasing trend in those plants which were collected near the vicinity of Atlas cycle industry. The colour reaction tests resulted only degrees of changes. The number of spots in observation of TLC, stomatal index, palisade ratio, water extractive and alcohol extractive values were reduced in those plants which were collected near the vicinity of Atlas cycle industry where as vein Islet & vein termination number, ash
values were comparatively higher in same samples.
Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study is that the plants should not be collected form polluted areas(near the vicinity of any industry) for the preparation of medicines, since majority of parameters reflect decreasing data in those plants which were taken
from polluted area.
MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF
STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS FROM CANINE
PYODERMA IN SHIVAMOGGA REGION OF KARNATAKA
Authors: M K Prashantha , B E Shambulingappa , S Sundareshan , A M Kotresh , B H Rudresh , C B Madhavaprasad , S J Arun
Published: August 2021

Shivamogga. Exudate/pus/lesion swabs were collected from clinical cases of canine pyoderma (n=126) and subjected to isolation and identification of bacterial isolates by phenotypic methods. The bacteriological processing of the samples resulted in the recovery of 95 staphylococcal isolates and 18 other bacterial isolates. On culture, staphylococci were the most predominantly (n=95, 75.39%) isolated organisms. The PCR was employed as molecular method in this study for the detection of species of staphylococcal isolates by targeting nuc gene and it was also used for the detection of virulence gene and antibiotic resistance gene in staphylococcal isolates by targeting siet gene and mecA gene, respectively, by using primers published earlier. One of the S. pseudintermedius isolates which confirmed by PCR and sequencing of partial nuc gene was used as positive reference strain for further screening of isolates by PCR.
Based on nuc gene-based PCR, out of 95 staphylococcal isolates obtained, 82 (86.1%)of the isolates were found belonging to S. pseudintermedius. And out of 82 S. pseudintermedius isolates, siet gene was detected in 69 (86.1%) isolates. S. pseudintermedius was found to be predominant bacterial pathogen responsible for pyoderma in dogs.
A STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE GILL AND LIVER TISSUES OF FRESHWATER FISH HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS EXPOSED TO CYPERMETHRIN TOXICITY
Authors: Sulthana R. Nigar
Published: August 2021

The synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin toxicity was studied in fresh water fish 'Heteropneustes fossilis and the tissues like gill and liver were chosen for Histopathological effects by light microscopy, for 4 days and 7 days under
sublethal concentrations. No Histopathological effects were observed in control group and 4 days group. Hence 7 days group was selected for the present study. Significant changes in Hepatic cells of liver were observed like cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, vacuolour degeneration, and dilation of sinusoids, Hepatic lesions, and Karyo Lexis. In Gill, oedema,
Epithelial lining, curling of lamellae were observed. This study demonstrates the potential of electron microscopy in particular SEM, as a tool for detecting cypermethrin induced damage to liver and surface of gill lamellae.
GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES AIDED STUDY OF GHAGGAR RIVER WATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN PANCHKULA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA
Authors: Kumar Anup , Chauhan Shubham , Arya V.S.
Published: August 2021

Water is important for survival of living beings as well as geological and geomorphic processes on the planet Earth. In the present scenario of developmental activities both surface and groundwater are polluted and need attention for checking the pollutant sources. Ghaggar river in northern part of the country is flowing from the states-Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and finally in Pakistan. In the upper part of the Ghaggar river after entering in Haryana in Panchkula district its water quality has been assessed for drinking purpose. Eight river water samples were collected
from different locations of Ghaggar River in the month of June 2019. Water samples were analyzed using Field Water Testing Kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD), Chennai for chemical parameters-pH, Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Iron, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate and Residual Chlorine. Results of chemical analysis of water samples were categories as per BIS drinking water standards (IS 10500:2012). In the river water samples pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.5; hardness ranges from 100 mg/l to 1170 mg/l; chloride ranges from 50 mg/l to 360
mg/l; fluoride ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 3 mg/l; iron ranges from nil to 10 mg/l; aammonia ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 5 mg/l; nitrite ranges from 0.2 mg/l to 1 mg/l; nitrate ranges from 20 mg/l to 150 mg/l; phosphate ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 1 mg/l and residual chlorine ranges from nil to 2 mg/l. The data interpretation shows that pH in all the eight water samples is desirable for drinking purpose; hardness is desirable at Bitna, Kaushalya Dam, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and permissible at Jagatpur and non-potable at ChandiMandir; chloride is desirable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and permissible at ChandiMandir; fluoride is desirable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at ChandiMandir; iron is desirable at Bitna, Kaushalya Dam, Peer Muchchalla,
Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at Jagatpur, ChandiMandir, MajriChowk; ammonia is desirable at Bitna, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, ChandiMandir, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla; nitrite is desirable in all the eight water samples; nitrate is desiarble at ChandiMandir, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula and non-potable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, Daffarpur; phosphate is desirable in all the eight water samples and residual chlorine is desirable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, ChandiMandir, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at MajriChowk. The study shows that river water is not suitable for drinking purpose in seven water samples except one water sample (Sector-28, Panchkula). The study is highly useful for monitoring the water quality of Ghaggar River.
ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN CROSSBRED COWS WITH SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS AND CONCURRENT METABOLIC AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: Ulla Mohammed Khaleel , Kotresh A.M. , L.R Anantha Krishna , B.E Shambulingappa , B.H Rudresh. , C.B Madhavaprasad , Shridhar N.B
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status in crossbred cows with subclinical mastitis and concurrent metabolic and infectious diseases. The crossbred cows were groped asGp-C (n=6) as controls,Gp-M (n=6) with clinical mastitis ,Gp-TS consists cows affected withstenosis of teat,Gp-RA with ruminal acidosis,Gp-ND with diarrhea along with dehydration and loss of appetite, Gp-RTIwith coughing, fever, decreased appetite, varying degrees of dyspnea, GpRB with a history of failure to conceive after at least two successive inseminations. oxidative stress parameters likecatalase, SOD, GPx, GSH and malondialdehyde were estimated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant enzymes like catalase, super oxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) levels were significantly declined and the non enzymatic parameters reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are significantly elevated in affected animals than in healthy animals. The results of the oxidative stress parameters indicate imbalance of antioxidant profile and oxidative stress in the animals with various disorders and previous illness along with subclinical mastitis.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCHAR FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOIL HEALTH
Authors: A. Rekha , A. Vidhya
Published: August 2021

Recent research suggests that biochar is a promising approach to minimize soil contamination caused by heavy metals and organic pollutants. It is also involved in the amendment of soil by altering the nutrients, pH and other factors. Through intensive literature review, this paper was aimed to better understand the selection of feedstock processes, preparation, and characterization of biochar. Wide variety of feedstock used for the biochar production based on the cost effectiveness, ease availability and they are ecofriendly to the environment. Among the thermochemical processes, pyrolysis is the promising techniques followed for the production of BC. The stabilization efficacy was mainly determined by cation exchange capacity, pH, and ash content of the biochar. The physicochemical characteristic of the biochar is analyzed using various methods such as SEM, FTIR, TGA and BET analysis. The surface area plays a major role in the metal sorption. The quality characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment varied greatly with the feedstock materials and the pyrolysis conditions. Biochar plays a great role in increasing the pH which helps the acidic soil region and its high-water retention capacity enhance the moisture level in the soil which enhances the microbial communities and its activity. Biochar becomes stabilized in the soil by interacting with soil particles. The inherent characteristics of the biochar as dictated by feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, interact with climatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature to influence how long biochar carbon remains stored in the soil. Due to its carbon sequestration in the soil, it helps in increasing the fertility of the soil and also enhances the crop yield.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF TEHSIL BAH, AGRA DISTRICT (U.P) - A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Rupini B.
Published: August 2021

Groundwater is an important source for drinking, Agriculture, domestic and industrial purposes and makes about two third of the freshwater resource of the world. The quality and quantity of the groundwater is a serious concern for the India as eighteen percentage of world population live in India and just 4% of world fresh water availability in India. Quality of groundwater is a serious concern for mankind as it is directly linked to human health. Due to the rapid increase in the population in last four decades makes a big challenge to provide quality of water. Industrialization and other manmade activities are also contributing in decline trained of groundwater. The groundwater is being polluted with highly toxic contaminants such as arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, lead and heavy metals. Fluoride and chloride were found as most common contaminants in Agra region. Fluoride and chloride are coming into the groundwater from deep underground rocks bearing fluorine and chlorine. Geological structure of rocks is also responsible for Fluoride and chloride pollution in the groundwater of the region. Major groundwater problems in Agra region are a significant decline
in water level, an occurrence of fluoride, saline groundwater in a deeper zone, less groundwater recharge and more surface runoff of monsoon rainfall. The comparison of analyzed ground water samples with the WHO, APHA standards are presented. The study was concluded by over exploitation of groundwater for the drinking, domestic, irrigation purposes and the leaching of industrial wastes and municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the leading emerging sources of contamination of groundwater in Agra region.
Family Violence, Cross-Examination and Self-Represented Parties in the Courtroom: The Differences, Gaps and Deficiencies
Authors: Booth Tracey , Kaye Miranda , Wangmann Jane
Published: August 2021

Since the early 2000s, the ability of a self-represented litigant alleged to have used domestic and family violence including sexual violence to personally cross-examine the alleged victim of that violence has been steadily restricted or prohibited across the Australian jurisdictions. These statutory limitations recognise the traumatic and negative impact such personal cross-examination can have on the alleged victim. All Australian jurisdictions restrict such personal cross-examination in sexual offence proceedings. Many jurisdictions also impose similar limitations in proceedings for other domestic and family violence related criminal proceedings and civil protection order proceedings. This article reveals a marked unevenness in protection for alleged victims both across and within jurisdictions. The lack of consistency in approach and lack of uniformity in provisions across the jurisdictions means that not all victims of domestic and family violence are protected, and for those who are, the nature and extent of those protections differ.
The My Health Record System: Potential to Undermine the Paradigm of Patient Confidentiality?
Authors: Wolf Gabrielle , Mendelson Danuta
Published: August 2021

Australia’s national electronic health records system – known as the ‘My Health Record (‘MHR’) system’ – may threaten to undermine the traditional paradigm of patient confidentiality within the therapeutic relationship. Historically, patients have felt comfortable imparting sensitive information to their health practitioners on the understanding that such disclosures are necessary and will be relied on principally for the purpose of treating them. The MHR system potentially facilitates access to patients’ health information by individuals and entities beyond the practitioners who are directly providing them with healthcare and, in some circumstances, without the patients’ consent. It may also enable patients’ health practitioners and their employees to read records that those practitioners did not create or receive in the course of treating the patients and that are irrelevant to their treatment of them. The MHR system could have harmful consequences for individual and public health if patients become unwilling to disclose information to their healthcare providers because they fear it will not remain confidential. In addition to examining the risks of breaches of patient confidentiality in the MHR system, this article considers how the potential benefits of an electronic health records system might be achieved while maintaining patient confidentiality to a significant extent.
Dismantling Doodeward: Guided Discretion as the Superior Basis for Property Rights in Human Biological Material
Authors: Falconer Kate
Published: August 2021

For over a century the Australian High Court’s decision in Doodeward v Spence has dominated questions of property rights in the human body. Beginning with the Supreme Court of Western Australia’s decision in Roche v Douglas in 2000, however, Australian courts have developed an alternative ‘guided discretion’ approach to finding property rights in human biological material. This approach provides a normative framework for judges deciding the property question. The existence of two legal bases that answer the same legal question within the Australian common law is unnecessary and undesirable. This article examines the case law applying the more recent guided discretion approach and identifies its three essential features. It then presents four arguments as to why Doodeward should be superseded by the guided discretion approach in questions of property rights in human biological material.
Why Her Behaviour Is Still on Trial: The Absence of Context in the Modernisation of the Substantive Law on Consent
Authors: Cossins Annie
Published: August 2021

Two cases studies illustrate the paradox at the heart of the substantive law of sexual assault – that it is possible (i) for a woman who does not communicate her consent to be deemed to consent; and (ii) for a defendant to have a reasonable belief about a woman’s consent even though it is accepted that she did not consent, both of which undermine the concept of her sexual autonomy. In light of the research on rape myth acceptance (‘RMA’) which shows that RMA is one of the most consistent predictors of victim blame in sexual assault scenarios, this article discusses how sexual assault law reform in New South Wales in 2007, which introduced a ‘communicative’ model of consent, has been subsequently undermined by the decisions in two recent judge-alone trials. Options for reform are discussed in light of the community standards expected under a ‘communicative’ model of consent.
Empowering Authors via Fairer Copyright Contract Law
Authors: Matulionyte Rita
Published: August 2021

The remuneration of Australian authors has been decreasing over the last few decades, partly due to unfair contracts between authors and publishers. At the same time, Australian copyright law appears to do nothing to address the problem. The freedom of contract doctrine that still prevails in Australian copyright contract law is not able to tackle the problem of unfair distribution of revenues effectively, and its shortcomings are not well addressed by either general contract law doctrines or collective bargaining in the publishing sector. This article argues that Australia should consider addressing the problem by introducing certain rights inalienability restrictions in copyright law that are available in a number of jurisdictions overseas. The article discusses the rationales of introducing such provisions under Australian copyright law, such as unequal bargaining power, the prediction problem, fairness and utilitarian approaches. It counters the arguments that alienability restrictions are ineffective, and refers to the most recent empirical studies that show the ability of some alienability provisions to increase author remuneration.
The Rule of Law on Instagram: An Evaluation of the Moderation of Images Depicting Women’s Bodies
Authors: Witt Alice , Suzor Nicolas , Huggins Anna
Published: August 2021

This article uses innovative digital research methods to evaluate the moderation of images that depict women’s bodies on Instagram against the Western legal ideal of the rule of law. Specifically, this article focuses on the contested rule of law values of formal equality, certainty, reason giving, transparency, participation and accountability. Female forms are the focal point for our investigation due to widespread concerns that the platform is arbitrarily removing some images of women’s bodies and, possibly, privileging certain body types. After examining whether 4944 like images depicting (a) Underweight, (b) Mid-Range and (c) Overweight women’s bodies were moderated alike, we identify an overall trend of inconsistent moderation. Our results show that up to 22 per cent of images are potentially false positives – images that do not appear to violate Instagram’s content policies and were removed. The platform’s opaque moderation processes, however, make it impossible to identify whether images were removed by Instagram or by the user. This article concludes that the apparent lack of rule of law values in the platform’s moderation processes, and Instagram’s largely unfettered power to moderate content, are significant normative concerns which pose an ongoing risk of arbitrariness for women and users more broadly. We propose ways that platforms can improve transparency, and advocate for the continued development of digital methods for empirical, legal analysis of platform governance. These improvements are crucial to help identify arbitrariness where it exists and to allay the suspicions and fears of users where it does not.
Implications of Climate Change for Western Concepts of Ownership: Australian Case Study
Authors: Johnston Vanessa , France-Hudson Ben
Published: August 2021

This article considers what Australian responses to climate change may teach us about the concept of ownership. Through a close analysis of laws aimed at encouraging specific land uses in order to mitigate emissions, it argues that these laws support the increasingly uncontroversial claim that ownership of estates or interests in land places obligations and responsibilities on owners to exercise the resulting rights for the benefit of others. However, although land ownership is flexible enough to support the environmental objectives of these laws, their failure to adequately accommodate the practicalities of ownership, such as anticipating the position of successors in title, increases the risk of conflict between owners of estates and interests in land, and compromises the ability of both environmental and property law regimes to achieve their intended objectives.
The Renewal of the Old: Lionel Murphy’s Progressive-Relational Conception of Property
Authors: Babie Paul , Nikias Kyriaco
Published: August 2021

As we approach Justice Lionel Murphy’s 100th birthday on 30 August 2022, this article explores and renews a significant aspect in the jurisprudence of this truly radical judge: the social relations or progressive view of property. Justice Murphy both identified and judicially expounded this view well before the American social relations or progressive schools. And rather than merely identifying it as some intellectual museum piece, the article also builds on it. The article contains five parts. Part I contextualises the jurisprudential debates surrounding property. Part II recounts Justice Murphy’s judicial radicalism. Part III explores the elements of Murphy’s progressive-relational view of property. Part IV applies the elements of Murphy’s progressive-relational property to the High Court’s recent native title decision in Northern Territory v Griffiths. Part V offers some concluding reflections on the bright future for property found in Murphy’s conception.
The Increments of Justice: Exploring the Outer Reach of Akiba’s Edge towards Native Title ‘Ownership’
Authors: Young Simon
Published: August 2021

The Torres Strait regional sea claim, culminating in the High Court decision of Akiba v Commonwealth, signalled a new respect for the holistic relationships and dominion that underlay First Peoples’ custodianship of land and waters. The ‘Akiba correction’ centred upon a distinction between ‘underlying rights’ and specific exercises of them – and produced in that case a surviving right to take resources for any purpose (subject to current regulation). The correction emerged from extinguishment disputes, but the significance of this edge towards ‘ownership’ was soon evident in ‘content’ cases on the mainland. Yet there are new challenges coming in the wake of Akiba. What of the many native title determinations that have been settled or adjudicated on pre-Akiba thinking? And what does this renaissance in native title law offer to the communities that will fail (or have failed) the rigorous threshold tests of continuity – also crafted with the older mindset?
Perfectly Safe, Five Times Out of Six: The Briginshaw Principle and Its Paradoxes
Authors: Stratton Harry
Published: August 2021

When a method of risk assessment would endorse playing Russian roulette, something has gone badly wrong with its logic. Yet the current understanding of Briginshaw v Briginshaw means courts cannot properly account for the risks presented in just this sort of situation. In this article, I explain the Briginshaw principle by comparison to intuitive and mathematical models of decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. I show that, while Briginshaw itself left the High Court of Australia deeply divided about where the so-called principle was enlivened and its consequences, subsequent judicial consideration has partly resolved this confusion. However, these subsequent authorities depart from our models, because courts wrongly assume serious allegations are inherently unlikely, insufficiently account for the consequences of ‘false negatives’, and have contradictory attitudes towards economic consequences. More fundamentally, while no theory of decision-making can totally avoid risk, I show that the accepted interpretation of Briginshaw as a fixed standard of proof means courts cannot properly account for improbable but grave consequences. Adopting a variable standard of proof would resolve some of these issues, but current authority is inconsistent with this approach.
In Support of Tolerated Use: Rethinking Harms, Moral Rights and Remedies in Australian Copyright Law
Authors: Pappalardo Kylie , Meese James
Published: August 2021

In this article, we propose a thought experiment: what if copyright law could better incorporate social and cultural norms around content engagement and re-use? We draw on empirical research that explores the norms of different creative communities when they reuse the work of others, and the norms of consumers around sharing. We outline how both creators and copyright users engage almost daily in small-scale infringement that does not substitute or disrupt copyright owners’ established markets, either because the uses are highly transformative, or personal and unremarkable. We suggest that copyright could better reflect these norms if both norms and moral rights were considered as part of a remedies assessment. We propose that in cases where work has been attributed and treated with integrity, and where the use does not directly cause economic harm to the copyright owner, courts should award only nominal damages and decline to order injunctive relief.
The Bindunbur ‘Bombshell’: The True Traditional Owners of James Price Point and the Politics of the Anti-Gas Protest
Authors: O’Neill Lily
Published: August 2021

On 23 November 2017, the Federal Court handed down its judgment in the Bindunbur case, a long-running native title dispute over significant areas of the Middle Dampier Peninsula in the Kimberley, North-West Australia. The decision was called a ‘bombshell’ because of Justice North’s finding that the Goolarabooloo family, long described in the media and by the public as ‘traditional owners’ of James Price Point and seen as leaders of the fight against the failed Kimberley gas hub, are not traditional owners of that area after all. This article argues there are several related reasons why outsiders mistook who are the true traditional owners of James Price Point. Firstly, an entrenched association in the minds of most non-Aboriginal people between Aboriginality and wilderness; secondly, outsider ignorance of Aboriginal law; thirdly, several key differences between the customary Aboriginal normative system and Australian settler property law; and finally, that it was essential to have traditional owner support for the No Gas campaign against the project.
Unsystematic and Unsettled: A Map of the Legal Dimensions of Workplace Investigations in Australia
Authors: Orifici Adriana
Published: August 2021

Author Adriana Orifici Investigations conducted by employers into allegations of employee misconduct can raise complex questions about the legal rights and obligations of the organisations and employees involved, though there has been limited scholarly attention given to this management practice. This article sets out the first detailed examination of key intersections between workplace investigations and Australian law. It shows that, while there is no legislation specifically directed at regulating workplace investigations in Australia, these processes take place within an intricate framework of regulation. It also reveals that the law intersecting with these workplace investigations is often complex, fragmented and unsettled. The article considers the practical implications of this unsystematic regulatory framework and suggests reform is required in at least one key area, being private security law.
No Longer Unregulated, but Still Controversial: Home Sharing and the Sharing Economy
Authors: Ritchie Callum , Grigg Brendan
Published: August 2021

The short-term rental accommodation market has experienced incredible growth as a result of technological innovations. This article explores the impact of this phenomenon on property and the concept of ownership in Australia. It does so, first by drawing on Kellen Zale’s framework of sharing, which breaks down the activities associated with the sharing economy and applies it in the Australian context. This helps us understand that in many respects, short-term rental accommodation is better characterised as part of the sharing-for-profit economy. This characterisation explains and justifies the choices that Australian states and territories have made in regulating the short-term rental market. This article also analyses disputes that have arisen in Australia concerning short-term rentals, and concludes that whilst the sharing economy prioritises access to property over ownership of it, property law continues to protect the privilege of ownership.
The Osland ‘Wrong Turn’ and the Problems that Fictions Produce
Authors: Dyer Andrew
Published: August 2021

While much academic attention has been devoted to whether the doctrine of extended joint criminal enterprise (‘EJCE’) can be justified, the basic joint criminal enterprise doctrine (‘JCE’) has escaped much scrutiny. The extraordinary recent case of IL v The Queen (2017) 262 CLR 268, however, has demonstrated that JCE is more problematic than was thought. It is argued here that the difficulties exposed in IL arose because of a ‘wrong turn’ in Osland v The Queen (1998) 197 CLR 316. The High Court’s insistence in that case that all JCE participants are principals in the first degree might have been convenient, but it was also fictitious and unprincipled – as Sir John Smith argued at the time. For as long as the law proceeds as though JCE participants have struck blows that they have not in fact struck, and fails to acknowledge that they are accessories, the Australian common law of complicity will be dishonest, obscure and unnecessarily complex.
Determining a Suicide under Australian Law: A Comparative Study of Coronial Practice
Authors: Jowett Stephanie , Carpenter Belinda , Tait Gordon
Published: August 2021

This article examines the approach taken by Australian coroners to interpreting the law relating to suicide, and to applying it in practice. A previous review of the laws and commentary guiding coroners in Australian states and territories revealed not only that coroners are the only persons tasked with making routine legal determinations of suicide, but that such legal guidance lacks clarity. This study involved semi-structured interviews with Australian coroners in five states and two territories. The key finding is that coroners vary considerably in their approach to what constitutes a suicide, the circumstances that may or may not vitiate capacity to suicide, and the applicable standard of proof. Central to these findings is the difficulty of determining intent, especially in cases where the method is less active and where a body of well documented risk factors, or expressions of intent, are lacking. Utilising a range of suicidology literature on both reported suicide and deliberate self-harm, this article identifies the areas of concern for coroners and offers suggestions for further training and law reform.
Penerapan Metode RAD dalam Perancangan Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Penelusuran Putusan (SIAPP)
Authors: Nuku Riscy , Masihor Erich , Pasaribu Rikson
Published: September 2021

Abstrak— Pengadilan Negeri Tondano 1B adalah salah satu pengadilan yang berada di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Dalam proses pengambilan salinan putusan saat ini, Pengadilan Negeri Tondano masih bersifat manual. Salinan putusan sendiri sangat berguna karena lewat salinan putusan, dapat diketahui legal reasoning dibalik keputusan hakim dalam menyelesaikan sebuah sengeketa. Selain itu, salinan putusan pengadilan juga merupakan prasyarat bagi para pihak ketika hendak mengajukan upaya hukum. Sebab,

bahan utama dalam menyusun memori banding atau memori kasasi adalah salinan putusan pada tingkat pertama. Jika salinan putusan tak kunjung sampai ke tangan para pihak, ada peluang hilangnya kesempatan para pencari keadilan untuk mengajukan upaya hukum. Karena proses yang masih manual maka membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama karena pihak pemilik perkara harus datang langsung ke Pengadilan Negeri Tondano untuk menanyakan ketersediaan salinan putusan. Maka, perlu merancang Sistem Informasi yang dapat mempermudah pihak perkara maupun pihak Pengadilan Negeri Tondano dalam pengambilan salinan putusan di Pengadilan Negeri Tondano. Sisten informasi ini bernama Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Penelusran Putusan (SIAPP) dan dirancang/dikembangkan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Dengan SIAPP maka pihak perkara dapat melihat status ketersediaan salinan putusan sehingga mereka bisa mengajukan permohonan pengambilan salinan putusan dari SIAPP dan ini akan menghemat waktu pihak perkara dan pihak Pengadilan Negeri Tondano
PENYIMPANGAN SOSIAL (SIKAP MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEREMPUAN HAMIL DI LUAR NIKAH) DI DESA TPI KECAMATAN TOBELO KABUPATEN HALMAHERA UTARA PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Rifyanti Mandak Afri , Kerebungu Ferdinand , Gugule Hamdi
Published: September 2021

The problem in this research is about the society's attitude towards women who get pregnant outside of marriage in TPI village. Women who are pregnant without a husband will usually bear the shame and will be isolated in the community. For this reason, parents and even the surrounding community, if it is related to pregnancy outside of marriage, they strongly disagree because they think this will set a bad example for others. By using qualitative research methods and observation and interview data collection techniques, the following research results are obtained, namely the attitude of the community towards social deviations that occur in the TPI village, Tobelo District, North Halmahera Regency. Pregnancy outside of marriage is considered taboo, even seen as a disgrace in society. Pregnancy outside of marriage means deviant behavior because in it there are elements that violate the norms or teachings that exist in a community group.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Leaning Berbasis Web Pada Kemampuan Higher Order Thinking Skils (Hots)
Authors: Londa Kezia , Domu Ichdar
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi masalah yang ditemukan saat observasi di SMA Negeri 3 Tondano terkadang kurang menerapkan model pembelajaran yang terbaru yang memacu siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Project based leaning terhadap kemampuan Higher Order Thingking Skills (HOTS) siswa. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian Pretest Posttest Experiment Group Design. Sampel diambil dari 2 kelas yang normal dan homogen yaitu kelas X IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI IPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah berturut-turut 35 dan 36 siswa. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t dan menunjukan bahwa nilai  = 2.067166357  >  =1.66724 dengan taraf nyata α = 0.05 ini berarti tolak  dan terima. Dengan demikian, penggunaan model pembelajaran Project Based Leaning berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan Higher Order Thingking Skills (HOTS) peserta didik.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KESEHATAN KESELAMATAN KERJA DENGAN KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PT CAHAYA NATAAN DI RATAHAN 2020
Authors: Rangkang Jenita R. C , Mautang Theo , Paturusi Achmad
Published: September 2021

Penyebab kecelakaan ditempat kerja biasanya terjadi karena kurangnya memperhatikan pelaksanaan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Menurut penelitian di Indonesia kecelakan kerja 80 – 85% disebabkan oleh program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerha yang kurang.  Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dengan terjadinta kecelakaan kerja pada PT. Cahaya Nataan di Ratahan, penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi yaitu seluruh kariawan di PT. Cahaya Nataan di Ratahan  yang berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 15 masyarkat, diambil dengan menggunakan metode total sampling pada PT. Cahaya Nataan di Ratahan. Penilaian pelaksanaan program k3 dan kecelaakaan kerja menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil uji korelasi dengan uji  statistic spearman antara pengetahuan dengan pencegahan pada PT. Cahaya Nataan di Ratahan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai p-value = 0,005 (p-value ≤0,05) dan koefisien korelasi r =0,769 atau korelasi dengan arah hubungan positif (+). Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara hubungan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dengan terjadinta kecelakaan kerja pada PT. Cahaya Nataan di Ratahan yaitu semakin kurang pelaksanan program k3 maka akan semakin banyak kejadian kecelakaan kerja. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disarankan sebaiknya diberikan pengetahuan kepada kariawan tentang pelaksanaan K3.
Daftar Isi Jurnal Rekayasa Teknik Sipil
Authors: Teknik Sipil Daftar Isi Jurnal Rekayasa
Published: September 2021

Daftar Isi Jurnal Rekayasa Teknik Sipil Universitas Madura
ANALISIS PERCEPATAN DURASI TERHADAP PEKERJAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI TIME COST TRADE OFF METHOD ( STUDI KASUS : PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG DINAS PERDAGANGAN DAN PERINDUSTRIAN KABUPATEN SAMPANG )
Authors: Asmaroni Dedy , Fendi Ach.
Published: September 2021

Dalam pembangunan gedung dimana suatu konstruksi pekerjaan suatu proyek terdapat berbagai hal yang terjadi seperti, bertambahnya waktu dan kerusakan alat sehingga pelaksanaan akan mengakibatkan keterlambatan sehingga membutuhkan suatu perencanaan, penjadwalan serta pengendalian yang baik. Perencanaan dan penjadwalan yang kurang baik akan berdampak pada pekerjaan dan pelaksanaan konstruksi. Oleh karena itu, bisa dilakukan percepatan proyek konstruksi agar permasalahan yang ada bisa teratasi sesuai proses diharapkan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupaka metode deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Penelitian studi kasus adalah penelitian suatu kasus studi atau subyek, tujuan dari studi kasus ini memberikan gambaran secara detail mengenai latar belakang dan sifat serta karakteristik khas dari suatu kasus studi sehingga dapat memahami objek yang ditelitinya. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan dari hasil penjadwalan ulang pembangunan gedung kantor Dinas Perdagangan dan Perindustrian dengan menerapkan metode TCTO (Time Cost Trade Off) didapat waktu penyelesaian akibat percepatan adalah 133 hari dari durasi penyelesaian sebesar 150 hari jadi diperlukan percepatan 17 hari agar proyek dapat selesai sesuai target rencana. Adapun biaya total akibat dilakukan percepatan sebesar Rp. 1.256.929.349 dari biaya sebelumnya Rp. 1.227.823.795 terjadi penambahan biaya sebesar Rp. 29.105.553 sehingga didapat 2,37 persen kenaikan anggaran.
JURNAL REKAYASA TEKNIK SIPIL VOLUME 5 NOMER 1 JUNI 2020
Authors: asmaroni dedy
Published: September 2021

Jurnal rekayasa teknik sipil universitas madura volume 5 nomer 1 2020
JURNAL REKAYASA TEKNIK SIPIL VOLUME 5 NOMER 2
Authors: asmaroni dedy
Published: September 2021

JURNAL REKAYASA TEKNIK SIPIL VOLUME 5 NOMER 2
Prácticas para mejorar los resultados en campañas digitales
Authors: Borja Francisco Antonio
Published: September 2021

Cuando hablamos de campañas, lo primero es tener bien claro los objetivos de marketing que una marca desea lograr así se puede diseñar y desarrollar la campaña digital y generar el posicionamiento para tu marca. Cada día las comunidades son más digitales, y las marcas por ende deben ser más digitales y estar más conectadas en tiempo real con el cliente. Con el objetivo de realizar una buena configuración de campaña debemos segmentar y para ello es necesario conocer a la audiencia y entender que es lo que genera una atracción hacia la marca así es que se debe hacer un relevamiento de lo que tienen las marcas como estrategia y poder hacer un monitoreo constante de lo que pueden aportar a su audiencia, lo que los lleva a planificar, crear, publicar y difundir el contenido para luego monitorear, ver el alcance y poder evaluar la calidad de una campaña.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika dengan Menggunakan Model Realistic Mathematics Education di SDN Binangun
Authors: Priyanti Sularso Bekti Ayu , Supriyono Supriyono , Khaq Muflikhul
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the increase in understanding of mathematical concepts using the Realistic Mathematics Education model in fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Binangun. The subjects in this study were fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Binangun, Need District, Purworejo Regency, totalling 21 students consisting of 14 boys and seven girls, in the 2020/2021 school year. This study used Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was conducted in two cycles, each cycle having two meetings. Data collection techniques using test instruments, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out with qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that the understanding of students' concepts had increased. This is shown in the first cycle the average value has increased by 18.7%, with an average value of 75.7. In the second cycle, the average value has increased again by 12.1%, with an average value of 87 students' conceptual understanding. 8. Thus, it can be conclude that the Realistic Mathematics Education learning model can improve knowledge of mathematical concepts in fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Binangun
Production and characterization of cellulase from mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) for effective degradation of cellulose
Authors: Beyisa Benti Diro  , Tadessa Daba  , Temam Gemeda Genemo
Published: August 2021

Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the most abundant organic polymer that means cellulose to smaller sugar components including glucose subunits. The aim of this study was to screen cellulase producing oyster mushroom collected from Eucalyptus tree bark to evaluate the in vitro production of cellulase by Pleurotus ostreatus using different lignocellulosic substrates, and to characterize the cellulase produced with respect to changes in pH, temperature, and concentration of substrates. A total of ten mushroom specimens were randomly collected from Eucalyptus tree bark in the premise of Holetta Agricultural Research Center campus. All of the collected mushroom specimens were identified morphologically and biochemically as Pleurotus ostreatus and also screened for their ability to produce cellulase by detecting and measuring zone of hydrolysis on commercial media containing Carbxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) as the sole carbon source. These mushroom specimens were cultivated using both solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation systems supplemented with different lignocellulosic substrates (wheat straw, teff straw, bean straw, wood fiber and Eucalyptus tree bark) to identify the most suitable medium for the production of cellulase. The highest enzyme production was obtained on bean straw and wheat straw which resulted in 0.191 U/ml, 0.868 U/ml and 0.389 U/ml; and 0.216 U/ml, 0.444 U/ml, and 0.245 U/ml of FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase in solid state fermentation. The lowest values were, however, obtained in media containing wood fiber in both solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Comparison of the lignocellulosic substrates revealed that wheat straw was selected for further growth parameter optimization. The production of cellulase was higher at the 5th day of incubation period, and the optimum pH and incubation temperature required for maximum cellulase production were 4 and 30°C, respectively. Sucrose and Yeast extract at 1% concentration were found to be the most preferred carbon and nitrogen sources for cellulase production by Pleurotus ostreatus. The optimum pH and temperature for cell_free cellulase activity on were found to be 4 and 50°C, respectively. Generally the cellulases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus were stable and active at temperatures ranging from 20-50°C. These characteristics hopefully would make this enzyme potentially attractive in a variety of industrial applications including animal feed treatments. There was a linear relationship between cellulase and its substrate concentration for there was an increase in activity with increase in substrate concentration. The relationship between rate of reaction and substrate concentration depended on the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. Finally the cellulase was tested for its ability to saccharify agricultural wastes and the results showed the highest release of sugars from wheat straw.
Bacterial contamination of retailed syrups traded in Wukari, North East, Nigeria
Authors: Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor  , Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen  , Paula Paul Shinggu  , Joyce Briska  , Ochanya Susan George  , Sunday Danya
Published: August 2021

There is an increasing concern that syrups may contain pathogenic or non-pathogenic microbes that can pose as public health risk to patients. This research was to investigate the bacterial contamination of retailed syrups sold in Wukari. Eighteen (18) different brands of syrups were collected from different medicine stores in Wukari, North East Nigeria. These various brands of syrups were taken to the Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University Wukari for analysis using standard bacteriological techniques. The results show that syrups samples with contaminants included the M & B paracetamol, Emzor paracetamol, M & B flagyl (Loxagyl), Emzor Chloroquin, M & B Antimalarial preparation (Artelumex), Emzor cough syrup (Emzolyn), Emzor digestion syrup (Emtrisil), Jawa digestion syrup (Jawasil), Emzor multivitamin (Emvite), Tuyil pharmacy multivitamin (Vami-vite), Emzor blood tonic, and Jawa blood tonic while those that contained no contaminants included the Emzor flagyl(Emgyl), M & B chloroquin(Vinaquin), Emzor antimalarial preparation (Lokmal), Jawa cough syrup(D-Koff), Emzor vitamin c and Tuyil pharmacy vitamin C. The researched revealed that twelve (12) of the syrups were contaminated with bacteria isolates of Bacillus spp 9 (45%), Lactobacillus spp 5 (25%), Proteus spp 2 (10%), Staphylococcus aureus 2 (10%), Pseudomonas spp 1 (5%) and Klebsiella spp 1 (5%). The presence of the isolates could possibly be as a result of the production process and improper handling and protection of the containers containing the products. It is therefore recommended that monitoring agencies should ensure that these syrups do not present health hazards to the public during production and retail of products.