bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência da adubação nitrogenada, época de plantio e aerosporos sobre a severidade da mancha de grãos em arroz de terras altas
Authors: Silva-Lobo Valácia Lemes da , Lacerda Maria da Guia , Filippi Marta Cristina de , Silva Gisele Barata da , Prabhu Anne Sitarama
Published: October 2011

A mancha de grãos (MG) ocupa o segundo lugar em importância econômica entre as doenças do arroz. Foi estudada a influência de níveis de adubação nitrogenada, época de plantio e concentração de esporos no ar sobre a severidade da doença no campo. A severidade de MG, na cultivar BRS Bonança, foi avaliada em duas épocas de plantio (30/11/2006 e 21/12/2006) e cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 30, 60, 120 e 240 kg de N.ha-1) utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com três repetições. O efeito de dose de N sobre a severidade de MG não foi significativo. A correlação entre a severidade de MG e espiguetas vazias foi positiva e significativa. A população de fungos no ar (aerosporos) foi quantificada utilizando armadilhas volumétricas, Rotorod Sampler, desde a emissão até o amadurecimento das panículas. A mancha de grãos aumentou linearmente com tempo (r = 0,98; P < 0,01), o mesmo não ocorreu com o aumento total de fungos que variou de 0,23 a 2,97 esporos/litro de ar/minuto. Os fungos presentes no ar em ordem decrescente de concentração foram Nigrospora sp., Pyricularia oryzae, Pithomyces sp., Alternaria sp., Cercospora sp., Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp. e Bipolaris sp. Estes fungos e Phoma sp. entre outros também foram detectados no teste de sanidade de sementes. A correlação entre a quantidade de esporos de P. oryzae e outros fungos foi linear e positiva (r = 0,80, P < 0,01). O número de esporos aumentou com o aumento da umidade relativa e diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura máxima de maneira exponencial.
Efeitos da simulação da solarização do solo com materiais vegetais sobre o crescimento micelial de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo
Authors: Basseto Marco Antonio , Bueno César Júnior , Chagas Haroldo Antunes , Rosa Daniel Dias , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: October 2011

A incorporação de materiais vegetais específicos associados à solarização do solo tem sido um avanço promissor no controle de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar determinados efeitos da incorporação e decomposição de brócolis, mamona, mandioca brava e mansa, no solo, em condições de microcosmo mantido em BOD (37±2ºC), sobre o micélio de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e de Sclerotium rolfsii. Assim, quatro ensaios idênticos foram instalados em conjunto de microcosmos, com cinco tratamentos e quatro períodos de tempo diferentes e independentes (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). O parâmetro avaliado foi os efeitos inócuo, fungistático e fungicida dos tratamentos sobre o micélio dos fungos. Verificou-se efeito fungistático e fungicida no crescimento micelial de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2, R. solani AG-4 HGI e de S. rolfsii. Os fungos que apresentaram efeito fungistático apresentaram uma velocidade média de crescimento micelial inferior ao controle geral, que consistiu na incubação dos fungos em temperatura de 25±2ºC. O efeito fungicida ocorreu aos 21 dias de incubação para F. oxysporum e R. solani e aos 28 dias para S. rolfsii. Para M. phaseolina, observou-se apenas efeito inócuo. Associação da temperatura de 37±2ºC mais o período de tempo dos tratamentos foi o fator responsável pelos efeitos fungistático e fungicida no micélio dos fitopatógenos estudados. Essa associação também interferiu na velocidade do crescimento micelial dos fungos que apresentaram efeito fungistático.
Germinação carpogênica de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sob diferentes resíduos e extratos de plantas cultivadas
Authors: Silva Francimar Perez Matheus da , Gavassoni Walber Luiz , Bacchi Lilian Maria Arruda , Garcez Fernanda Rodrigues
Published: October 2011

Os efeitos de resíduos de plantas cultivadas e seus extratos sobre Sclerotinia sclerotiorum são poucos conhecidos. Três experimentos foram conduzidos, com resíduos de plantas cultivadas e seus extratos etanólicos e suas partições. Resíduos e extratos de culturas de aveia, ervilhaca, feijão, milheto, milho e trigo foram avaliados em condições controladas. Escleródios cobertos com resíduos de aveia, ervilhaca, feijão e milheto não germinaram carpogenicamente. Extratos etanólicos de resíduos de aveia e ervilhaca mostraram-se eficientes na inibição da germinação carpogênica, enquanto que do milheto e do trigo não diferiram da testemunha. Todas as partições de extratos etanólicos avaliadas reduziram a germinação carpogênica. Resíduos vegetais afetaram negativamente o número de apotécios emitidos por escleródio.
La inclusión de la perspectiva de la sociedad civil popular en VIH/SIDA: sistematización de experiencias como enfermera en Brasil y Canadá
Authors: Laperrière Hélène
Published: October 2011

La enfermera en Salud Pública tiene como misión movilizar las organizaciones de base de su país para implantar los programas de salud. Este trabajo implica un acercamiento que le permita captar el detalle de la realidad concreta, pero que sólo una cierta distancia crítica le permitirá situarlo en un contexto de significación global. Una sistematización de experiencias presenta la investigación evaluable comunitaria como una oportunidad metodológica para las ciencias de la salud en general y de enfermería. La perspectiva es especialmente pertinente para las prácticas profesionales de salud, específicamente en contextos imprevisibles y de conflictos de verticalidad sociopolítica entre los diversos actores implicados en un programa de salud pública. La inclusión en barrios periféricos y el trabajo con grupos comunitarios favorece la inclusión desde el punto de vista de la sociedad civil popular dentro de la evaluación de las acciones preventivas del Sida y de otros programas de salud pública.
O acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde em área limítrofe entre municípios
Authors: Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Mattos Flávio de Freitas , Vasconcelos Mara , Drumond Marisa Maia , Lucas Simone Dutra
Published: October 2011

Este artigo analisa o acesso aos serviços de saúde. O conceito de acessibilidade é descrito como uma característica dos serviços de saúde podendo ser abordado sob diferentes enfoques. Por isso o acesso aos serviços de saúde deve ser estabelecido em cada Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) com a participação efetiva, no processo, dos servidores de nível local e da comunidade. Foi empregada metodologia qualitativa, a pesquisa-ação e, para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas e grupos focais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido junto às gerentes de duas UBS " Confisco, em Belo Horizonte, e Estrela Dalva, em Contagem " e moradores da área de abrangência das unidades. O acesso dos moradores aos serviços de saúde mostrou-se problemático por se tratar de uma área limítrofe entre dois municípios. Apesar de o trabalho ter sido desenvolvido durante dois anos, há dúvidas se ele contribuiu para a melhoria do acesso da população, em função das questões políticas que envolvem o tema. No entanto, toda a problemática detectada durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi apresentada e debatida com os gestores de ambos os municípios.
Tinea granulomatosa de Majocchi
Authors: Bressan Aline Lopes , Silva Roberto Souto da , Fonseca João Carlos Macedo , Alves Maria de Fátima G. Scotelaro
Published: October 2011

Relata-se o caso de um homem de 45 anos com dermatofitose superficial de longa data, tratado, inadvertidamente, com corticoide e antibiótico, com progressão subsequente para a forma profunda, conhecida como granuloma de Majocchi. O tratamento com terbinafina VO foi curativo
Análise de silício metálico em escória por deslocamento de coluna de mercúrio
Authors: Caux Aline Cristina P. Sousa de , Nascimento Fernanda Gonçalves , Silveira Márcio Farias , Nolasco Sobrinho Pedro José
Published: October 2011

Nesse trabalho, é apresentada uma proposta para a análise de silício metálico em escória da produção de ferro-silício, através da quantificação do hidrogênio liberado pela reação da amostra com hidróxido de sódio, mensurado através do deslocamento de coluna de mercúrio acoplada a sistema fechado. O valor obtido é comparado ao deslocamento provocado por amostra-padrão. O método foi comparado à metodologia gravimétrica tradicionalmente utilizada, que se baseia na mesma reação, entretanto o Siº é quantificado através da conversão ácida do silicato formado na reação em sílica. Os resultados mostraram que o método proposto possui elevada correlação com a metodologia gravimétrica, com custo analítico inferior e maior rapidez de execução. Foram observados os valores de 0,177%, para o Limite de Detecção, e de 0,574%, para o Limite de Quantificação da metodologia proposta, ambos satisfatórios para as concentrações que esse trabalho procura analisar.
Contaminação por Bacillus cereus em superfícies de equipamentos e utensílios em unidade de alimentação e nutrição
Authors: Mendes Renata Aparecida , Coelho Ana Íris Mendes , Azeredo Raquel Monteiro Cordeiro de
Published: October 2011

A constatação de que Bacillus cereus é um microrganismo que constitui problema especial em plantas de processamento de alimentos, dentre as quais se incluem restaurantes universitários, levou a realização deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo contribuir para a avaliação de riscos a que se expõem os usuários de cozinhas de grande porte, por meio da identificação de pontos do ambiente, a partir dos quais o microrganismo pode ser transferido aos alimentos. A presença de B. cereus foi detectada em 38,3% das amostras de equipamentos e utensílios estudados. As contagens atingiram até 5,7x10² UFC/cm², sendo que os valores mais elevados foram obtidos a partir de amostras dos setores de distribuição, indicando a importância destes locais como fontes potenciais de transmissão do microrganismo para os alimentos.
Avaliação de empresas: da mensuração contábil à econômica
Authors: Martins Eliseu
Published: October 2011

São várias as formas de se medir o patrimônio e o lucro de uma empresa; desde o Custo Histórico, com base nas transações ocorridas, passando pelo Custo Corrente, considerando a reposição dos fatores de produção sendo consumidos, avaliando cada ativo e passivo pelo seu Valor Líquido de Realização e chegando ao Valor Presente dos Fluxos de Caixa Futuros.Todas elas consideram, no fundo, um único objeto: o caixa; ora o caixa acontecido, o prestes a acontecer, o que aconteceria se ativos e passivos fossem vendidos, o caixa esperado por transações futuras etc., cada uma das informações válidas para uma finalidade diferente. Logo, não são modelos alternativos, que implicam, obrigatoriamente, a eliminação ou não adoção dos demais; podem simplesmente ser tratados como complementares. Os únicos fatores que, no longo prazo, podem fazer divergir a mensuração do lucro são: inflação e custo de oportunidade. E o não uso desses dois fatores continua sendo falha imperdoável de nós, Contadores. Para o primeiro, dispomos de metodologias simplificadas e complexas (modelo "societário" e correção integral, por exemplo). Já para o segundo, isto é, o custo de oportunidade, não temos sequer aplicado o Juro do Capital Próprio, e muito menos aquela parcela relativa ao risco, apontando realmente que a situação é mais complexa (mas não inviável - lembremo-nos do 'banal' EVA®). Em suma, todo o lucro é ou implica a figura do caixa; todas as formas de avaliação, ao final, chegam ao mesmo lucro e ao mesmo caixa, com o problema apenas da inflação e do custo de oportunidade. Os diferentes conceitos e princípios de avaliação patrimonial e, conseqüentemente, de lucro, são totalmente complementares; nenhum deles possui todas as informações, utilidade e qualidade desejadas pelos usuários. Devem ser tratados como um ajudando e complementando o outro, e não como mutuamente excludentes. Que tal devotarmos mais atenção e ação a esses aspectos? E em especial à inflação e ao custo de oportunidade?
Diferentes condimentos vegetais: avaliação sensorial e de atividade antibacteriana em preparação alimentar com frango cozido
Authors: Rodrigues F. , Carvalho H.H.C. , Wiest J.M.
Published: October 2011

A partir da atividade antibacteriana in vitro, predeterminada em doze plantas com indicativo etnográfico condimentar, testou-se este atributo in loco no modelo caldo com frango cozido. Primeiramente, procedeu-se ao treinamento de 10 avaliadores, segundo a legislação vigente quanto ao Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, oportunizando conhecimentos prévios sobre as plantas salsa (Petroselinum sativum), manjerona branca (Origanum X aplii), manjerona preta (Origanum majorana), manjericão (Ocimum basilicum), sálvia (Salvia officinalis), tomilho (Thymus vulgaris), anis verde (Ocimum selloi), alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum), alho nirá (Allium tuberosum), alho poró (Allium porrum), cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) e pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum). Realizou-se, através da adição individualizada desses condimentos ao caldo com frango cozido, um Teste de Aceitação tipo escala hedônica, selecionando, dentre os doze condimentos, quatro deles que se destacaram sensorialmente, a pimenta dedo-de-moça, o alho nirá, o alho poró e o tomilho. Foi feito, então, um Teste de Aceitação de concentrações denominadas pequena, média e grande destes quatro condimentos, para determinação da intensidade sensorialmente melhor aceita. As quantidades eleitas (0,5 g de pimenta dedo-de-moça, 15 g de alho nirá, 15 g de alho poró e 5 g de tomilho) foram acrescidas ao caldo com frango cozido, sendo estes desafiados frente a Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) em concentração final de 10 UFC mL-1, limite tolerado pela legislação, tendo como grupo-controle o caldo com frango cozido sem condimentos. O crescimento bacteriano foi aferido a cada duas horas após a inoculação, até completar 24 horas de confronto, utilizando-se meio seletivo para coliformes termo-resistentes e incubação constante a 25ºC em DBO, sendo atribuídos valores arbitrários às variações logarítmicas de crescimento. Comparados ao controle, todos os tratamentos condimentados apresentaram, individualmente, atividade antibacteriana significativa, mesmo que sem significância quando comparados entre si. Contudo, em relação ao tempo de início da atividade antibacteriana, destacou-se a pimenta dedo-de-moça, enquanto que, em relação ao prolongamento dessa ação no tempo, destacou-se o alho nirá. As 12 plantas condimentares em estudo tiveram atestada a sensorialidade, sendo que as quatro plantas com destaque tiveram a atividade anti-coliforme termo-resistente comprovada in loco. Diferentes condimentos vegetais foram capazes de fornecer qualificação sensorial e sanitária em caldo com frango cozido, em condições domésticas de manuseio.
Puberdade e maturidade sexual em touros jovens da raça Simental, criados sob regime extensivo em clima tropical
Authors: Neto Tamires Miranda , Castilho Erick Fonseca de , Pinho Rogério Oliveira , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni , Costa Eduardo Paulino da , Guimarães José Domingos
Published: October 2011

Objetivou-se determinar a idade à puberdade e maturidade sexual e sua relação com peso corporal e mensurações testiculares em tourinhos da raça Simental criados sob regime extensivo em clima tropical. Utilizaram-se 44 tourinhos com 1 a 30 meses de idade. As mensurações corporais e testiculares foram feitas mensalmente e os ejaculados coletados quinzenalmente, a partir dos seis meses de idade, utilizando-se o método de eletroejaculação. Observou-se idade à puberdade aos 13,42 ± 3,02 meses e maturidade sexual aos 21,43 ± 6,6 meses de idade, com peso corporal e perímetro escrotal, respectivamente, de 324,2 ± 23,7 kg e 26,90 ± 1,41 cm para a puberdade e 360 ± 69,04 kg e 34,88 ± 3,9 cm para maturidade sexual. Este estudo revelou idade tardia para a cronologia dos eventos reprodutivos, com relação direta do tipo de manejo adotado.
Effects of Storage and Burial on Germination Responses of Encapsulated and Naked Seeds of Turnipweed (Rapistrum rugosum) to Light
Authors: Ohadi Sara , Mashhadi Hamid R. , Tavakol-Afshari Reza
Published: October 2011

Information on the germination and viability of turnipweed seeds could be helpful in developing appropriate management strategies for this weed. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of light, storage conditions, duration of storage or burial, and seed type (naked, i.e., fruit wall was removed and encapsulated in siliques) on germination and viability of turnipweed. The naked and encapsulated seeds (fruit) were kept under five different storage conditions, including dry storage at 25 ± 2 C and 3 ± 1 C and outdoor environments (soil depths of 10, 20, and 40 cm). All seeds were retrieved every 2 mo and tested for germination in light and darkness. At each exhumation date, nongerminated seeds were treated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride to test their viability. The germination of seeds liberated from siliques (85%) was markedly greater than that of seeds in intact siliques (20%). The germination response of naked and encapsulated seeds to light varied between storage conditions and through time. Under indoor conditions (room and cold), both seed types had greater germination percentages in dark on most occasions than those in light. On the contrary, the germination of siliques buried at soil depths of 20 or 40 cm was considerably stimulated by light. Under indoor conditions, the percent viability of both seed types only declined marginally, whereas seeds buried in soil showed high rates of mortality. Seeds in intact siliques persisted longer under either indoor or outdoor conditions than naked seeds.
Efficacy and Dissipation of Pyroxasulfone and Three Chloroacetamides in a Tennessee Field Soil
Authors: Mueller Thomas C. , Steckel Lawrence E.
Published: October 2011

Field studies were conducted in Knoxville, TN, over a 2-yr period (2007 and 2008) to determine the field dissipation rate and efficacy of pyroxasulfone, acetochlor, dimethenamid, ands-metolachlor to broadleaf signalgrass. Depending on rainfall patterns, pyroxasulfone at 209 g ai ha−1provided broadleaf signalgrass control of > 75%, which was equal to or superior to acetochlor at 1,740 g ai ha−1, dimethenamid at 1,500 g ai ha−1ands-metolachlor at 1,420 g ai ha−1. Pyroxasulfone provided residual control into the growing season and provides a tool for resistance management of later-emerging weeds. Herbicide dissipation was rapid in all soils (half-life usually < 20 d), although it was slower in a dry year. The order of herbicide dissipation and half-life in days in the 2 yr was acetochlor (3.5, 5 d) > dimethenamid (5, 9 d) >s-metolachlor (8.8, 27 d) > pyroxasulfone (8.2, > 71 d). There was poor correlation between observed weed control at 45 d after treatment and chemically determined herbicide concentrations at that same time, with ∼ 40% difference in 2007 and ∼ 50% difference in 2008.
Does Increased Leaf Appearance Rate Enhance Adaptation to Postanthesis Drought Stress in Sorghum?
Authors: van Oosterom E. J. , Borrell A. K. , Deifel K. S. , Hammer G. L.
Published: October 2011

Increased leaf appearance rate (LAR) could reduce preanthesis water use of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] by restricting plant size via reduced tillering. The aim of this paper was to assess LAR as a potential pathway for adaptation to postanthesis drought stress. Four hybrids with different LAR were grown in four semicontrolled experiments under well‐watered conditions or postanthesis drought stress and in two irrigated field experiments. Observations included leaf area dynamics, transpiration, transpiration efficiency (TE), leaf N, biomass, and grain yield. ATx642 hybrids (0.0306 leaf °C d−1) had significantly greater LAR than AQL39 hybrids (0.0279 leaf °C d−1) and this increased early main shoot vigor. Under low plant density, this reduced tiller number and hence leaf area and biomass around anthesis. As hybrids had similar TE and differed little in phenology, this can reduce preanthesis water use. Water availability at flag leaf determined grain number per plant (adjusted R2 = 0.80, p < 0.01) and hence grain yield. However, the effect of increased LAR on reduced plant size was temperature dependent. Under high temperature, genotypic differences in tillering were reduced and main shoot leaf number increased more in hybrids with greater LAR. This increased responsiveness of leaf number could increase plant size and water use at anthesis. Hence, greater LAR may confer drought adaptation only in specific environments unless it is also associated with critical aspects of biomass partitioning.
Multivariate Principal Component Analysis and Case-Based Reasoning for monitoring, fault detection and diagnosis in a WWTP
Authors: Ruiz Magda , Sin Gürkan , Berjaga Xavier , Colprim Jesús , Puig Sebastià , Colomer Joan
Published: October 2011

The main idea of this paper is to develop a methodology for process monitoring, fault detection and predictive diagnosis of a WasteWater Treatment Plant (WWTP). To achieve this goal, a combination of Multiway Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is proposed. First, MPCA is used to reduce the multi-dimensional nature of online process data, which summarises most of the variance of the process data in a few (new) variables. Next, the outputs of MPCA (t-scores, Q-statistic) are provided as inputs (descriptors) to the CBR method, which is employed to identify problems and propose appropriate solutions (hence diagnosis) based on previously stored cases. The methodology is evaluated on a pilot-scale SBR performing nitrogen, phosphorus and COD removal and to help to diagnose abnormal situations in the process operation. Finally, it is believed that the methodology is a promising tool for automatic diagnosis and real-time warning, which can be used for daily management of plant operation.
Anaerobic digestion of macroalgae: methane potentials, pre-treatment, inhibition and co-digestion
Authors: Nielsen H. B. , Heiske S.
Published: October 2011

In the present study we tested four macroalgae species – harvested in Denmark – for their suitability of bioconversion to methane. In batch experiments (53 °C) methane yields varied from 132 ml g volatile solids−1 (VS) for Gracillaria vermiculophylla, 152 ml g VS−1 for Ulva lactuca, 166 ml g VS−1 for Chaetomorpha linum and 340 ml g VS−1 for Saccharina latissima following 34 days of incubation. With an organic content of 21.1% (1.5–2.8 times higher than the other algae) S. latissima seems very suitable for anaerobic digestion. However, the methane yields of U. lactuca, G. vermiculophylla and C. linum could be increased with 68%, 11% and 17%, respectively, by pretreatment with maceration. U. lactuca is often observed during ‘green tides’ in Europe and has a high cultivation potential at Nordic conditions. Therefore, U. lactuca was selected for further investigation and co-digested with cattle manure in a lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactor. A 48% increase in methane production rate of the reactor was observed when the concentration of U. lactuca in the feedstock was 40% (VS basis). Increasing the concentration to 50% had no further effect on the methane production, which limits the application of this algae at Danish centralized biogas plant.
The LiP (Lifestyle in Pregnancy) Study
Authors: Vinter Christina A. , Jensen Dorte M. , Ovesen Per , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Jørgensen Jan S.
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE

To study the effects of lifestyle intervention on gestational weight gain (GWG) and obstetric outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The LiP (Lifestyle in Pregnancy) study was a randomized controlled trial in 360 obese women allocated in early pregnancy to lifestyle intervention or control. The intervention program included dietary guidance, free membership in fitness centers, physical training, and personal coaching.

RESULTS

A total of 360 obese pregnant women were included, and 304 (84%) were followed up until delivery. The intervention group had a significantly lower median (range) GWG compared with the control group of 7.0 (4.7–10.6) vs. 8.6 kg (5.7–11.5; P = 0.01). The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on GWG were exceeded in 35.4% of women in the intervention group compared with 46.6% in the control group (P = 0.058). Overall, the obstetric outcomes between the two groups were not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS

Lifestyle intervention in pregnancy resulted in limited GWG in obese pregnant women. Overall obstetric outcomes were similar in the two groups. Lifestyle intervention resulted in a higher adherence to the IOM weight gain recommendations; however, a significant number of women still exceeded the upper threshold.
Association Between XRCC1 ARG399GLN and P53 ARG72PRO Polymorphisms and the Risk of Gastric and Colorectal Cancer in Turkish Population
Authors: Engin Ayse , Karahalil Bensu , Karakaya Ali , Engin Atilla
Published: October 2011

Association Between XRCC1 ARG399GLN and P53 ARG72PRO Polymorphisms and the Risk of Gastric and Colorectal Cancer in Turkish Population

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal system, and its overall five-year survival rate is still 15 % to 20 %, as it can mostly be diagnosed at an advanced stage. On the other hand, although colorectal cancer has a rather good prognosis, mortality is one half that of the incidence.

As carcinogenesis is believed to involve reactive radicals that cause DNA adduct formation, impaired repair activity, and weakened tumour suppression, it would help to understand the role of the polymorphisms of nucleotide excision repair enzyme XRCC1 and of tumour suppressor gene p53 in gastric and colorectal cancers. Our study included 94 gastric cancer patients, 96 colorectal cancer patients, and 108 cancer-free individuals as control with the aim to see if there was an association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells and genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Polymorphism p53 Arg72Pro was not associated with either gastric or colorectal carcinoma, while XRCC1 Arg399Gln was not associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, XRCC1 homozygous Gln allele at codon 399 was associated with 2.54 times higher risk of gastric cancer.
Survey of Equipment Quality Control in Radiotherapy Centres in Croatia: First Results
Authors: Jurković Slaven , Diklić Ana , Kasabašić Mladen , Radojčić Đeni , Švabić Manda , Ivković Ana , Faj Dario
Published: October 2011

Survey of Equipment Quality Control in Radiotherapy Centres in Croatia: First Results

Implementation of advanced radiation therapy techniques in clinical practice can greatly improve tumour control and normal tissue sparing. An important part of this implementation is quality control (QC) of every part of the radiotherapy process, as it helps to detect errors and provides instant remedy. This increases the probability of successful radiation treatment and ensures patient radiation safety. Every radiotherapy quality assurance (QA) programme is based on quality control of radiotherapy equipment. The aim of our survey was to review QC practices in a number of radiotherapy centres in Croatia. As a first step, we defined a set of tests to check different parameters of linear accelerators and simulators in these centres. The tests were defined and performed according to protocols developed at two university hospitals. Test results varied largely between the centres. This calls for harmonisation of QC protocols.
Aspects of nanometer scale imaging with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) laboratory sources
Authors: Wachulak P. , Marconi M. , Isoyan A. , Urbanski L. , Bartnik A. , Fiedorowicz H. , Bartels R.
Published: October 2011

Imaging systems with nanometer resolution are instrumental to the development of the fast evolving field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Decreasing the wavelength of illumination is a direct way to improve the spatial resolution in photon-based imaging systems and motivated a strong interest in short wavelength imaging techniques in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region. In this review paper, various EUV imaging techniques, such as 2D and 3D holography, EUV microscopy using Fresnel zone plates, EUV reconstruction of computer generated hologram (CGH) and generalized Talbot self-imaging will be presented utilizing both coherent and incoherent compact laboratory EUV sources. Some of the results lead to the imaging with spatial resolution reaching 50 nm in a very short exposure time. These techniques can be used in a variety of applications from actinic mask inspection in the EUV lithography, biological imaging to mask-less lithographic processes in nanofabrication.
Polyetherols from melamine cyanurate and ethylene carbobate - synthesis and application
Authors: Kijowska Dorota , Legocka Izabella
Published: October 2011

Polyetherols from melamine cyanurate and ethylene carbobate - synthesis and application

The results of the study on the reactions of melamine cyanurate with ethylene carbonate were presented. As a result of the reactions, polyetherols containing thermostabile 1,3,5-triazine and perhyroxo-1,3,5-triazine rings in their structure were obtained. Basic physical properties such as density, viscosity, hydroxyl number, weight changes were measured. The polyetherols were applied as a polyol component to receiving of thermoresistant polyurethane foams. Some of the properties of the obtained foams were investigated. The value of the apparent density is between 51 and 71 kg/m3, compressive strength 222-356 kPa and the content of the open pores between 14-33%. Thermal resistance was also studied by means of the TGA method. It was found that oxygen index of the selected compositions is between 20-22%.
Relationships Between Vertical Jump Strength Metrics and 5 Meters Sprint Time
Authors: Marques Mário , Gil Helena , Ramos Rui , Costa Aldo , Marinho Daniel
Published: October 2011

Relationships Between Vertical Jump Strength Metrics and 5 Meters Sprint Time

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between short sprint time (5 m) and strength metrics of the countermovement jump (CMJ) using a linear transducer in a group of trained athletes. Twenty-five male, trained subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Each volunteer performed 3 maximal CMJ trials on a Smith machine. Peak instantaneous power was calculated by the product of velocity taken with the linear transducer. For sprint testing, each subject performed three maximum 5 m sprints. Only the best attempt was considered in both tests. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between 5 m sprint performance and strength metrics of the CMJ were generally positive and of clear moderate to strong magnitude (r = -0.664 to -0.801). More noticeable was the significant predictive value of bar displacement time (r= ~0.70) to sprint performance. Nevertheless, a non-significant predictive value of peak bar velocity and rate of force development measurements was found. These results underline the important relationship between 5 m sprint and maximal lower body strength, as assessed by the force, power and bar velocity displacement. It is suggested that sprinting time performance would benefit from training regimens aimed to improve these performance qualities.
The nature of the Pleistocene-Holocene palaeosols in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Ubeid Khalid
Published: October 2011

The nature of the Pleistocene-Holocene palaeosols in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

The Pleistocene to Holocene succession in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, consists of an alternation of calcareous sandstones and reddish fine-grained deposits (palaeosols). The palaeosols can be subdivided into two main groups based on the sand-sized versus clay- to silt-sized grains: (1) the sandy hamra palaeosols, and (2) the loess and loess-derived palaeosols. The hamra palaeosols can, in turn, also be subdivided into two main types according to their colour and grain size: (1) light brown loamy to sandy hamra palaeosols, and (2) dark brown sandy clay hamra palaeosols. The hamra palaeosols are polygenetic and originated in humid environments. Their red colour results from ferric oxides coating the sand grains, but also by illuviation. The various pedogenitic units and their gradual transition to loess palaeosols are due to different phases of dust accretion. Both groups of palaeosols developed during the last glacial. They are considered to represent different climate environments: hamra palaeosols represent humid climates, whereas the loess and loess-derived palaeosols represent dry and semi-dry climates.
Characteristics of the flow field in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion test engine
Authors: Tutak Wojciech , Jamrozik Arkadiusz
Published: October 2011

Characteristics of the flow field in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion test engine

Results of a research study into the velocity field in combustion chamber of internal combustion engine are presented in the paper. Measurements of fresh charge flow velocity in the cylinder axis and near the cylinder squeezing surface were performed. The hot-wire anemometer was used. The measurement results were used for analysis of turbulence field in the examined combustion chamber. It turned out that in the axis of cylinder the maximum of velocity occurs 30 deg before TDC and achieves 6 m/s. In the studied combustion chamber, the maximum value of turbulence intensity was close to 0.2 and it was achieved 35 deg BTDC. Additionally, the maximal velocity dispersion in the following cycles of the researched engine was at the level of 2 m/s, which is 35% of the maximum value of flow velocity. At a point located near the squeezing surface of the piston, a similar level of turbulence, but a the smaller value of the average velocity was achieved. The turbulence field turned out to be inhomogeneous in the combustion chamber.
Snow mold fungus, Typhula ishikariensis group III, in Arctic Norway can grow at a sub-lethal temperature after freezing stress and during flooding
Authors: Hoshino T. , Tronsmo A. , Yumoto I.
Published: October 2011

Snow mold fungus, Typhula ishikariensis group III, in Arctic Norway can grow at a sub-lethal temperature after freezing stress and during flooding

Isolates of the snow mold fungus Typhula ishikariensis group III, which is predominant in Finnmark (northern Norway) and Svalbard, are more resistant to freezing stress than group I isolates from the southern part of Norway. Group III isolates showed irregular growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates when subjected to heat stress at 10°C. However, group III isolates showed relatively good growth on PDA at 10°C after freezing treatment. The optimal temperatures for mycelial growth were 5°C on PDA and 10°C in potato dextrose broth (PDB), and group III isolates showed normal mycelial growth at 10°C in PDB. Mycelium of group III isolates cultivated in water poured into PDA plates, and normal hyphal extension was observed only in the liquid media. Hyphal growth became irregular when mycelia had extended above the surface of the liquid media. These results suggested that group III isolates can grow at a sub-lethal temperature after freezing stress and during flooding. Soil freezing and thawing occurs regularly in the Arctic, and physiological characteristics of group III isolates are well adapted to climatic conditions in the Arctic.
Studies of the Cortinarius saniosus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. complex and a new closely related species, C. aureovelatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales)
Authors: Lindström H. , Bendiksen E. , Bendiksen K. , Larsson E.
Published: October 2011

Studies of the Cortinarius saniosus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. complex and a new closely related species, C. aureovelatus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales)

The variation of the widely spread Cortinarius saniosus is described with respect to morphological, ecological and molecular characteristics. C. chrysomallus D. Lamoure and C. aureomarginatus P.D. Orton are regarded as synonymous with C. saniosus based on morphological and molecular data. A new closely related species C. aureovelatus Bendiksen, K. Bendiksen & H. Lindstr., growing in coniferous and mountain birch forests, is described. A taxonomical and nomenclatural treatment of the complex, based upon present knowledge, is proposed.
Novel Countercation in MMX-Type Mixed-Valence Chain Compound: Coexistence of Neutral and Protonated Amino Substituents
Authors: Iguchi Hiroaki , Jiang Deli , Xie Jimin , Takaishi Shinya , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: October 2011

The first MMX-type quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) Pt chain complex (MMX chain) that contains a mono-protonated diamine as countercation, {o-(H3NC6H4NH2)}4[Pt2(pop)4I]·H2O (pop = P2H2O52–), was synthesized. According to the crystal structural analysis, –NH2 group was hydrogen-bonded to either lattice H2O molecule or –NH3+ group in addition to typical hydrogen bond between –NH3+ group and pop ligand. To control the partial deprotonation of the countercation will be an important method for achieving the high-conductive MMX-chain polymer by the hole doping.
L'amour en Afrique romaine. [A propos d'une inscription métrique des environs de Dougga, Tunisie (C.I.L., VIII, 27380 ; C.L.E., 1971)]
Authors: Ladjimi-Sebaï Leïla
Published: October 2011

What did the Africans in the Roman age think of love, and how did they express it ?

If love first has " Littérature as reference and above all poetry ", one has to aknowledge the fact that, except for " Apuleius' Metamorphosis ", which contains an actual " love doctrine ", the African Littérature is poor in information of that type.

What Littérature does not reveal, epigraphy abounds in, though epitaphs informs us about legitimate love, and the mutual affection between husband and wife.

One inscription by Hr Ben Ismail in Dougga's area, evokes that feeling and gives it a supplementary dimension. Love is stronger than death and is transformed into an eternity token. In immortalizing their feeling, the two defuncts are eternal lovers, the representative, the first African heros of eternal love.
Inégalités scolaires et ethnicisation dans l'enseignement supérieur au Mexique
Authors: Didou-Aupetit Sylvie
Published: October 2011

Résumé Dans cet article, nous nous intéresserons aux politiques publiques de lutte contre les inégalités ethniques dans l’enseignement supérieur au Mexique. Pour mieux comprendre le cas mexicain et les changements entraînés par la définition de groupes de bénéficiaires distincts et par les variations dans le temps de l’approche de l’égalité, tour à tour centrée sur l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, l’inclusion de groupes vulnérables, et la reconnaissance de la diversité ethnique, nous retracerons brièvement les principales évolutions de cette approche au cours des cinquante dernières années, et identifierons les mécanismes d’action mis en œuvre. Nous nous concentrerons ensuite sur leur fonctionnement le plus récent et analyserons spécifiquement les questions posées par l’inscription ethnique des mesures visant à garantir une amélioration de l’égalité des chances et le respect de l’altérité culturelle. Nous analyserons finalement les transformations produites par ces politiques au sein des établissements d’enseignement supérieur en termes d’innovations, de réforme politique et d’interactions entre collectifs.
Politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et inégalités scolaires à Dakar : vers un éclatement des normes éducatives ?
Authors: Lewandowski Sophie
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne élaborent aujourd’hui leurs politiques éducatives dans le contexte d’une « nouvelle » doxa internationale : les politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté. À partir du cas dakarois, l’article montre que les processus de décision et de suivi de ces politiques favorisent une recomposition des inégalités de pouvoir en défaveur de l’État et des groupes sociaux les plus faibles, dont les normes sont évincées au profit des cadres cognitifs des bailleurs de fonds et d’individus situés à des interfaces normatives. L’objectif de développement quantitatif rapide des taux de scolarisation conduit à un déplacement des inégalités au sein du système scolaire. Dans ce contexte, si certains ménages adoptent les normes internationales qui pensent l’école comme un simple facteur économique, d’autres reconsidèrent conjointement le rôle économique et social de l’école et militent en faveur de l’enseignement arabo-musulman. L’article révèle comment la volonté d’uniformiser le rapport à l’éducation dans un impératif scolaire spécifique peut paradoxalement induire un éclatement des normes éducatives dans des pôles urbains comme Dakar.
L'égalité des sexes par le savoir ?
Authors: Gérard Étienne
Published: October 2011

Résumé Au Mexique, et à la différence d’autres pays dits du Sud, la question de l’égalité dans l’éducation de base, en termes de genre, ne peut être posée à la lecture des taux de scolarisation. Nombre d’auteurs signalent un certain nombre de facteurs de discrimination. Pour autant, les taux de réussite et d’abandons suggèrent que les facteurs de différenciation entre filles et garçons ne relèvent pas à proprement parler de l’ordre scolaire. Sur la base d’un travail d’exploitation statistique de la base du SNI et d’enquêtes qualitatives auprès de chercheurs mexicains, cet article montre l’intégration, par le système, de normes et conditions sexuellement différenciées généralement en vigueur dans la société mexicaine. Alors qu’il ne fait que consacrer des mécanismes socialement partagés de différenciation selon le genre, le SNI semble accentuer le poids des conditions sociales au détriment des femmes dans la réalisation de la carrière scientifique, en particulier dans les suivis de trajectoires nécessaires à l’étranger.
Pauvreté et accès à l'éducation dans les périphéries d'Oran
Authors: Rebouha Fafa , Pochet Pascal
Published: October 2011

Résumé En dépit de nets progrès en matière de scolarisation, les inégalités sociales et spatiales d’accès à l’éducation demeurent marquées en Algérie. Dans les périphéries non loties d’Oran, sous-équipées en services collectifs et relativement enclavées, se concentrent des ménages pauvres qui rencontrent des difficultés importantes pour scolariser leurs enfants. L’objet de cet article est de décrire ces difficultés et d’en rechercher l’origine dans les facteurs liés à l’offre scolaire (répartition spatiale et éloignement, qualité, coût de l’éducation), comme dans ceux qui sont liés aux caractéristiques des ménages. Après une présentation de la répartition de l’offre scolaire, les auteurs mènent une analyse sur les inégalités d’accès à l’éducation basée sur une série d’entretiens qualitatifs menés dans huit quartiers de la périphérie d’Oran.
« J'ai tué mon enfant... » Pour penser la clinique de l'IVG
Authors: Bastien Danielle
Published: October 2011

Résumé En s’appuyant sur une vignette clinique d’une IVG tardive vécue par une jeune fille, l’auteure propose de penser la phrase « J’ai tué mon enfant », entendue répétitivement dans cette clinique, comme expression consciente du fantasme inconscient d’infanticide. L’IVG peut alors être envisagée comme une mise en acte de ce fantasme, ce qui permet de comprendre aussi la culpabilité immense qui surgit le plus souvent après l’intervention. L’auteure propose ensuite de considérer le sens de cette mise en acte comme une tentative de suppléance, qui passe par le réel du corps, à une castration symbolique inachevée, c’est-à-dire à une séparation inaccomplie d’avec l’Autre premier. Cette suppléance ne pourra qu’échouer dans cette voie de l’acte, si elle n’est pas reprise, tôt ou tard, dans la mise en mots du sens de l’acte.
Les enquêtes par Internet en sciences sociales : un état des lieux
Authors: Frippiat Didier , Marquis Nicolas
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les enquêtes en sciences sociales réalisées par Internet ont proliféré durant la dernière décennie, particulièrement dans le domaine de la recherche quantitative. L’intérêt que cette méthode suscite a produit une littérature presque totalement issue du monde anglo-saxon. Il semblait donc indispensable que les débats autour de l’enquête par Internet puissent devenir accessibles au lecteur francophone. À partir d’une revue de la littérature existante, l’article offre un relevé exhaustif des questions soulevées par cette méthode, qui sont de deux types : les problèmes liés aux procédures d’échantillonnage (qui répond aux enquêtes par Internet ?), et ceux concernant l’effet de « mode » généré par ce canal d’enquête (quelle est la qualité des réponses produites ?). Au-delà de quelques éléments de consensus, les analyses des chercheurs sont loin d’être concordantes. Si beaucoup s’accordent pour signaler que l’échantillonnage aléatoire est très difficile à réaliser sur Internet, l’efficacité des procédures de rectification d’échantillon (pondération, poststratification, pondération par l’inverse de la propension à être inclus dans l’échantillon) est fortement discutée. De même, lorsqu’il s’agit de tirer parti des nouvelles possibilités techniques en termes de conception du questionnaire, les recherches démontrant des effets réels reproductibles sont encore peu nombreuses. L’article, qui propose également un relevé de bonnes pratiques, conclut sur les indispensables précautions à prendre lorsqu’est créée une enquête par Internet dans une perspective de recherche en sciences sociales.
La première mise en couple en Suisse : choix du type d'union et devenir de la cohabitation hors mariage
Authors: Charton Laurence , Wanner Philippe
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les modifications des comportements familiaux ont provoqué, dans les pays occidentaux, la coexistence de deux formes d’union, l’une plutôt « souple », la cohabitation hors mariage, l’autre plus solennelle ou officielle, le mariage. En Suisse, alors que la cohabitation augmente pour concerner aujourd’hui près de 9 couples qui se constituent sur 10, le mariage reste la condition nécessaire à la naissance de l’enfant, les naissances hors mariage étant toujours à un niveau parmi les plus faibles d’Europe. Dans ce contexte, l’étude des facteurs susceptibles d’influencer le choix de la forme de la première union, ainsi que la durée de la première cohabitation non maritale, sont riches en enseignements. Reposant sur une enquête sur la famille, cet article montre notamment le rôle très marqué de la pratique religieuse, d’une éventuelle grossesse en cours et de la situation économique sur le choix du type d’union. Alors qu’il ne paraît pas modifier la forme d’union choisie au moment de la mise en couple, le niveau de formation atteint a une influence sur la durée passée en cohabitation prémaritale.