bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Adjustment of Undergraduate White Students in the Minority on an Historically Black College Campus
Authors: Closson Rosemary B. , Henry Wilma J.
Published: November 2008

White undergraduate students matriculating at an HBCU express less overt evidence of social adjustment barriers than Black students at predominantly White institutions. Although White students reported a sense of under-representation, they reported no direct experiences of overt racism and reported good relationships and strong support from HBCU faculty. Differences between the social adjustment experience of White undergraduate students and a similar study of White graduate students are discussed. Student affairs practitioners are challenged to consider racial-consciousness raising cocurricular and curricular educational programs that can assist White students in enriching their "temporary minority" experience. The eight student participants averaged 19 years of age and (with one exception) had attended the HBCU for at least one year. Data were gathered through focus groups, a Racial Identity Scale and a Faculty Support Scale.
The Role of Psychosocial Variables in Understanding the Achievement and Retention of Transfer Students at an Ethnically Diverse Urban University
Authors: Dennis Jessica M. , Calvillo Evelyn , Gonzalez Alfredo
Published: November 2008

A study of 1,130 transfer students (757 female, 373 male; 479 Latino/Hispanic, 267 Asian or Asian American, 125 European American, 73 African American, 58 Middle Eastern, and 66 "other") at a 4-year public university indicates that psychosocial variables are important in relation to the success of students who are diverse by many factors. Cluster analysis of academic self-efficacy, college commitment, support of peers, personal/career motivation for attending college combined with age and first-quarter GPA created 5 distinct student profile groups: a young achieving group, a mature achieving group, a low peer support group, a young low-achieving group, and a low confidence/commitment group. The groups differed significantly with regard to ethnic makeup and in subsequent trajectories of academic achievement and retention.
The Role of Peer Relationships in Adjustment to College
Authors: Swenson Lisa M. , Nordstrom Alicia , Hiester Marnie
Published: November 2008

According to developmental research, peer relationships serve a positive function in children's, adolescents', and adults' lives. We expected that peer relationships would also benefit emerging adults as they transition into college. Using friendship quality and attachment measures, we examined the link between the closeness of peer relationships (with high school and college friends) and adjustment outcomes (academic, social, emotional, and institutional attachment) among 271 first-year college students. Results suggest that a close relationship with a high school friend is beneficial during the first weeks of college, but later in the first semester there are more benefits to having a close relationship with a new college friend.
The Role of Ethnic Student Organizations in Fostering African American and Asian American Students' Cultural Adjustment and Membership at Predominantly White Institutions
Authors: Museus Samuel D.
Published: November 2008

Over half of all racial/ethnic minority students matriculating at 4-year colleges fail to graduate within 6 years. One explanation for those low graduation rates is minority students' inability to find membership in the cultures and subcultures of their respective campuses. This study was focused on understanding the role of ethnic student organizations in fostering minority students' adjustment to and membership in the cultures of a predominantly White institution. Data analyzed from individual interviews conducted with 12 African American and 12 Asian American students indicate that ethnic student organizations constituted critical venues of cultural familiarity, vehicles for cultural expression and advocacy, and sources of cultural validation for participants. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Constructive Criticism: The Role of Student-Faculty Interactions on African American and Hispanic Students' Educational Gains
Authors: Cole Darnell
Published: November 2008

Using a longitudinal sample of 1,422 African American and Hispanic students, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of faculty constructive criticism on students' GPA and educational satisfaction. The main premise suggested that student-faculty interactions, interpreted more broadly under the concept of constructive criticism would offer a more useful approach for understanding the complex nature of faculty feedback on students' educational outcomes. While the general premise was supported, it was concluded that constructive criticism within an educational environment of 'wise-schooling' could offer useful opportunities for faculty to enhance minority students' academic success and educational satisfaction.
Faculty and Student Perspectives on Advising: Implications for Student Dissatisfaction
Authors: Allen Janine M. , Smith Cathleen L.
Published: November 2008

Although academic advising is often linked to student success, student satisfaction with advising is a perennial problem. To better understand the nature of this dissatisfaction, we explored the perspectives of both the recipients of advising—students—and the providers of advising—faculty. We found that students and faculty agree on the relative importance of many aspects of advising, but faculty do not necessarily assume responsibility for all of the kinds of advising both they and students deem most important. The findings support the dual model for delivering academic advising services.
The Back Story: The Christian Narrative & Modernism in Emily Dickinson’s Poems
Authors: Mayer Nancy
Published: November 2008

Many of Dickinson’s poems anticipate the associative structure and indirection of twentieth-century modernism, but the most compelling of them often contain suggested or incomplete stories. This remnant of narrative is also a symptom of Dickinson’s obsession with Christian teleology. The flickering promise (or threat) of the Christian narrative tilts the poems toward cosmic significance and risk while allowing for our common inability to take in the fact of death, the end of our own stories. Comparing several of Dickinson’s poems to poems by Walt Whitman and Charles Wright, Mayer argues that Dickinson’s use of incomplete narratives allows an intimacy that is her own along with the philosophical reach the poets have in common. Both qualities are epitomized in her endless interrogation of the Christian narrative, which, in contrast to Whitman’s Zen-like non-resistance and the cool evanescence of Wright’s modernism, forces an acknowledgement of our necessary limitations.
My Father Dickinson: On Poetic Influence
Authors: Finch Annie
Published: November 2008

“My Father Dickinson” traces contemporary poet Annie Finch’s relationship with her predecessor as it moved from youthful resistance, through understanding of violated boundaries brought on by an experience of incest, to poetic respect and acceptance. “My Father Dickinson” discusses how Dickinson functioned as a bridge to the male poetic tradition while offering a uniquely female model of influence and considers firsthand the questions raised by the Oedipal model of influence when applied to female poets. The essay is a companion piece to Finch’s earlier “My Mother Dickinson,” which discussed Dickinson as a bridge to the female poetic tradition.
Certain Slants: Learning from Dickinson’s Oblique Precision
Authors: Rogoff Jay
Published: November 2008

Jay Rogoff did not initially model his poems after Emily Dickinson’s, but he has grown increasingly aware of affinities between some of his work and hers. He details his admiration for Dickinson’s “certain slants”: apparent ambiguities of imagery or meaning that nevertheless create precise emotional and psychological imaginative states. These instances of oblique precision, he believes, form the heart of Dickinson’s work. Their paradoxical brilliance often lies in their creation of precise psychological states deriving from an unnamed event or situation and in their ability to evoke specific emotional responses even when they progress from concrete imagery into abstractions. Periodically inspired by both her prosody and her dense technique, he has aimed to create poems that surprise with multiple meanings in ways that seem initially casual but ultimately inevitable. Rogoff studies four Dickinson poems alongside four of his own.
My Digital Dickinson
Authors: Emerson Lori
Published: November 2008

“My Digital Dickinson” is partly a productive misreading of Dickinson in relation to digital technologies and the idea of interface, but it also delves into work by the contemporary digital poets Mary Flanagan and Judd Morrissey/Lori Talley. In addition to reading Dickinson into the present moment and examining her relation to digital poetry today, it foregrounds the ways in which the digital now permeates our reading/writing habits and thus examines the ways in which our current cultural moment may be a productive frame for reading Dickinson.
“Tell all the truth but tell it slant - ”: Dickinson’s Poetics of Indirection in Contemporary Poetry
Authors: Fathi Farnoosh
Published: November 2008

Though much of contemporary, especially “experimental,” poetry is indebted to Dickinson’s poetics of indirection to create indeterminacy and represent a complex understanding of self, it is often difficult to gauge Dickinson’s influence. Part of the challenge lies in differing attitudes toward truth and the function of indeterminacy in poetry. This essay argues that an important motive for Dickinson’s telling the truth slant is that indirection enabled her to explore complex truths about philosophically and personally difficult subjects while reflecting awareness of and awe toward the unknown. It also argues that Dickinson’s poetics of indirection plays an important role in the work of contemporary poets Christine Hume and Larissa Szporluk and compares poems by each poet directly with Dickinson’s, focusing on how strategies of poetic indirection enable them to articulate complex “interior” truths and Dickinsonian themes to their own ends.
Emily Dickinson’s Long Shadow: Susan Howe & Fanny Howe
Authors: Gelpi Albert
Published: November 2008

The contemporary poet most closely associated with Emily Dickinson is Susan Howe. In My Emily Dickinson and other writings Howe sees Dickinson as her forebear. The link with Dickinson is the antinomian strain in the New England Protestant imagination, and Howe sees that antinomian spirit as impelling Dickinson’s—and her own—experiments in form and diction to express the urgencies of personal vision and spiritual quest in a morally and psychologically fractured world. But Howe’s long poems display an essentially historical imagination very different from Dickinson’s lyric imagination. In contrast, her sister Fanny Howe has a lyric imagination, and her poems sound and feel more like Dickinson’s in their concision, personal voice, verbal density, sidewise metaphorical leaps, and focus on rendering the immediate moment of perception and feeling. The contrast between Susan and Fanny Howe proceeds from their different theologies and religious sensibilities. What is left of God in Susan’s antinomianism is language: individual voice and vision in a broken world. The Catholic matrix of Fanny’s poems is incarnational and assumes an informing spirit in material existence, an ultimate reality outside language informing the contentions of emotional and spiritual life which language in its indirections seeks to apprehend and express. Thus Dickinson offers a lens through which to distinguish the poetic perspectives and practice of two of the most important contemporary American poets.
The Elusive Polity: Imagining and Contesting Colonial Authority in Cyprus during the 1930s
Authors: Rappas Alexis
Published: November 2008

In 1931, an uprising of Greek Cypriots proclaiming “ Enosis ” (political union of Cyprus [with Greece]) swept the island of Cyprus, then a British colony. Rapidly recovering from the initial shock, British authorities seized the opportunity to abolish representative institutions (long considered an impediment to the sound administration of the island) and impose limitations on freedom of expression. Under Governor Sir Richmond Palmer, an era of authoritarian rule began. The broader aim of British rule in the 1930s was to reshape Cyprus as an ideal polity, whose inhabitants would thrive materially and civically; however, the two preconditions for the establishment of such a polity—the neutralization of local politics and the international isolation of the island—would be rendered unattainable owing to the activity of Greek-Cypriot notables who seized the opportunity of a vacancy in the Throne of the Orthodox Archbishop of Cyprus to restructure a political arena with international ramifications.
Cultural Encounters in Advertisement Translation
Authors: Sidiropoulou Maria
Published: November 2008

Sociologists, linguists, and anthropologists have classified cultures along various dimensions which delineate intercultural difference. Geert and Gert Jan Hofstede, in their five dimensions of cultural communication styles, suggest that translation can significantly enhance research on cultural identity with a view to widening perception of a) intercultural difference and b) the use to which this type of knowledge may be put in practice. The condensed messages of parallel advertisement versions provide extremely rich reflections of cultural identities. Ten sample English-Greek advertisement pairs (out of 26 pairs that the data comprise) suffice to demonstrate the divergent cultural profiles of English and Greek. Evidence from other genres (in English-Greek translation) testifies to conclusions drawn about advertisement parallel/translation data. Parallel versions of advertisements are a valuable resource for heightening awareness of divergence in research and educational settings.
Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus: An Elusive Landscape of Sacredness in a Liminal Context
Authors: Papalexandrou Nassos
Published: November 2008

The funerary shrine of Umm Haram, a holy woman of Islam, at the mosque of Hala Sultan Tekke near Larnaca, Cyprus, is the most important pilgrimage site for Muslims on the mostly Christian island of Cyprus. Its location at the interstices of the Muslim and Christian worlds, and amidst an unusually charged landscape of holiness for both religions, has also determined its role as an outpost within a liminal cultural space. The aspect of sacredness at the shrine itself can be seen as a poetics of “resistance” to Western attempts at viewing, description, analysis, and “possession” through comprehension. Moreover, Western travelers adopted different strategies of presentation and representation for reporting on Hala Sultan Tekke and their accounts regarding the female saint at the shrine are impressively inconsistent. One associated the monument with the grave of Mina, mother of Mohammed, another with a Turkish princess, and others with the grandmother of Mohammed. Surprisingly, only one traveler mentioned the “exotic,” yet elusive megalithic configuration of the actual grave, whereas none referred to the foundation story and the rich local lore about the miraculous properties of the shrine. The idiosyncratic nature of travelers’ encounters with this site reflects both their implicit rhetorical aims and the limitations imposed on their attempts at understanding by pragmatic circumstances such as language, inability or unwillingness to visit, and control of information. Travelers’ accounts and other sources reveal the embeddedness of Hala Sultan Tekke within a complicated landscape of sacredness. This landscape also accommodated practices of cultic confluence and cross-cultural sharing, such as the veneration of the saints and holy sites common to Christians and Muslims of the Larnaca region.
Stranger in the City: Self and Urban Space in the Work of Nicolas Calas
Authors: Rentzou Effie
Published: November 2008

Nicolas Calas’s represented the self in conjunction with his perception of two cities, Athens and New York. The perceptions of identity in the case of migrant intellectuals like Calas are largely determined by the real and imagined space of the cities where they lived and created and not the “imagined community” of the nation. For Calas, spatiality and temporality in these two cities reveal his evolving perceptions of his own identity. From a spatial conception of time and history that permits him to liberate the self from a nostalgic and entrapping Athens, Calas moves in New York towards an understanding of the urban space as a constantly changing spectacle, and of himself in this space as a perpetual stranger. The figures of strangers and the strange figures that he adopts as personae in his work dramatize his identity as a stranger and suggest that, perhaps, being a stranger is the paradigmatic condition of the migrant artist and intellectual in modernism.
Writing the Catastrophe: Nostalgia and Its Histories in Cyprus
Authors: Bryant Rebecca
Published: November 2008

The writings of four Cypriot village women provide a window on local intimacies of nationalisms. Turkish-Cypriot and Greek-Cypriot women from a formerly mixed town describe their lives before the conflicts of 1964 and 1974, utilizing nostalgia as a longing for the homeland. While these women partake of official histories in structuring their own narratives, they do so in ways that create particular sensibilities of belonging, ones that also take on an exclusive character. Moreover, insofar as nostalgia may be seen as a longing to belong, it may take on both a retrospective and a prospective character, leading not only to visions of lost homelands but also of homelands yet to be realized.
The Jasmine Scent of Nicosia: Of Returns, Revolutions, and the Longing for Forbidden Pasts
Authors: Hatay Mete , Bryant Rebecca
Published: November 2008

In the past decade in Cyprus, the jasmine flower has become the symbol of Nicosia, the island’s divided capital, and subsequently of a revolution within the Turkish-Cypriot community. As symbol of Nicosia, the jasmine flower evoked a purer time when the city had not yet been “tainted” by an influx of poor workers from Turkey into areas of the walled city that had been abandoned by Turkish-Cypriots. As such, the flower also came to stand for Turkey’s purported colonization of the island and Turkish-Cypriots’ rebellion against it. And because the jasmine came to represent a city that had once been multicultural and a call for a re-valuing of the local, it was easy enough for the Jasmine Revolution to be translated into a semblance of bicommunalism. But as we show here, rather than a multicultural nostalgia, the nostalgia expressed by the symbol of the jasmine is for a period when Turkish-Cypriots lived in enclaves, a period of deprivation but also of solidarity.
Documenting the Past and Publicizing Personal Stories: Sensescapes and the 1923 Greco-Turkish Population Exchange in Contemporary Turkey
Authors: Iğsiz Asli
Published: November 2008

National identification practices and nationalist historiography in Turkey have long focused on erasing differences and diversity and configuring a “homogeneous” nation. More recently, an increasing personalization of geography through familial attributes and memories became an anchor for self-identification in contemporary Turkey, traceable through family history and personal narratives in the public domain. This shift in the way people engage with the past is symptomatic of nostalgia for a traceable self-identification through family histories pursued to geographies of “origin” as opposed to the “administered forgetting” of such identifications by nationalist ideologies. We can track this change over the last two decades in cultural products, such as documentary novels, memoirs, and family cookbooks, which have opened a space in the public domain to reconsider the past and to rewrite history at an individual level. The dynamics of this change are particularly evident in the case of the 1923 Greco-Turkish Compulsory Population Exchange and its representation in Kemal Yalçın’s documentary novel, The Entrusted Trousseau: Peoples of the Exchange (Emanet Çeyiz) .
Red and Green Facets of Political Ecology Accounting for Electoral Prospects in Greece
Authors: Karamichas John
Published: November 2008

As in many other European political arenas, political ecology in Greece is represented by two currents which in the past have converged in a common platform and now are represented by two competing political parties. Any appraisal of Greece’s present predicament and future prospects has to incorporate the country in the general European discussion by analyzing the electoral performance of similar political forces in other European contexts. In this way it becomes apparent that the successful electoral performance of both currents when they compete with one another is very unlikely. The reasons behind the insistence of both currents to continue operating independently from one another, in the face of this evidence, can only be appreciated by employing a diachronic account of developments in both the green and red expressions of political ecology in Greece since the emergence of the first green party in the turbulent days of 1989.
Nationalism or Nationism?: Pierre-André Taguieff and the Defense of the French Republic
Authors: Flood Christopher
Published: November 2008

This article examines the political ideas of Pierre-André Taguieff, one of France’s leading republican intellectuals. Taguieff has had a distinguished academic career as a historian of ideas, philosopher, and political analyst. Author of more than twenty books, he is frequently interviewed, and widely quoted, in the media. He has written important works on topics such as racism and antiracism, antisemitism, populism, the idea of progress, the integration of ethnic minorities, and the continuing validity of the republican model of the nation-state. Thematically, his work has shown strong elements of continuity, but there has been organic development as Taguieff has brought related topics into play to elaborate or move beyond those he has examined previously. The main axis of his writing is analytical. He traces the history of political concepts and explores their contemporary variants. However, because his work also bears the stamp of his ideological commitments, Taguieff engages with current controversies and proposes remedies to the political problems that he examines, although he does this more often in terms of general principles than of specific policy proposals. The article has two parts. The first of these outlines the overall shape and intellectual style of Taguieff’s work. The second part takes a more critical approach, arguing that Taguieff’s increasingly defensive positions on a range of domestic and international issues—coupled with a tendency to take refuge in polemics against the political correctness and intellectual conformism of the age—threaten to swamp the more open, constructive, and innovative dimensions of his political thought.
Etienne Balibar: Algeria, Althusser, and Altereuropéenisation
Authors: Reid Don
Published: November 2008

Etienne Balibar joined the French Communist Party in 1961, during the Algerian War of Independence, and was expelled two decades later for his public denunciation of the party’s inability, evident since the time he had joined the party, to forge unity between the French and peoples of non-European origin with whom they lived. A student of Louis Althusser, Balibar has achieved international recognition as an innovative scholar of Marx and Spinoza. This essay examines another important thread in Balibar’s thought, his identification and contestation of the neo-racism at work in the democratic capitalist nation states of contemporary Europe. These states now cling to their role as nurturers of a “fictive [national] ethnicity,” a project with roots in their development as nation-states, at the very time that capitalist globalization is diminishing their powers. Balibar condemns the promotion of forms of “fictive ethnicity” in a new Europe and instead envisions Europe as an opportunity to address the marginalization and exclusion of populations descended from immigrants of non-European origin who live in contemporary Europe. Balibar proposes a new Europe, which could challenge American hegemony not in military terms, but by developing social institutions and cultures whose strength and appeal outside the West is not measured in firepower.
Deliver Us from Evil: Faith and Fiction for Thomas Mann
Authors: Berman Russell A.
Published: November 2008

Enlightenment paradigms of reason and progress have generally been as hostile to literary expressions of superstition, e.g., ghost stories, as they have been suspicious of statements of religious faith. Yet the indisputably enlightenment agenda of Marxism based its claims on a document, the Communist Manifesto, which commences with the rhetoric of the ghost story and the notorious “specter” that haunted Europe. Efforts to suppress narratives of ghosts and institutions of faith accompany the history of the Enlightenment so consistently as to suggest that the Enlightenment rationalization, trying to escape irrationality, simultaneously reproduces it. Rather than viewing ghost narratives as atavistic residues of a surpassed past, this paper explores the ongoing actuality of the supernatural in fiction. Proceeding from an urban ghost story by the Shanghai modernist Shi Zhecun, this essay turns to Thomas Mann: while Mann represents the liberal modern element in twentieth-century German prose, in fact it is frequently overlooked that the overwhelming majority of his mature texts draw on religious material and address religious questions: the Joseph novels, Doctor Faustus, and the Holy Sinner. This essay describes Thomas Mann’s path to questions of belief and transcendence, while also inquiring into the source of the extraordinary religious tilt in his choice of material for his late work.
The People's Glass House
Authors: Schnapp Jeffrey T.
Published: November 2008

“The People’s Glass House” tells the story of the Giuseppe Terragni Casa del Fascio project in Como. Long acknowledged as one of the masterpieces of twentieth century architecture, the building in question represents an effort to elaborate a distinctly national, even nationalist, architectural idiom that, nonetheless, fulfills the highest aspirations of the modern movement. The essay situates the elaboration of this key project within its historical context, analyzes its relationship to the regime’s autarchic themes, and explores Terragni’s attitudes towards both modern and ancient materials from the standpoint of their ideological resonances.
European Identity
Authors: Todorov Tzvetan
Published: November 2008

This essay explores the notion of European identity in the present. It begins with an examination of traditional definitions of Europe and of European identity proposed by Paul Valéry and Denis de Rougemont, among others. While these definitions rely primarily on the Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman heritages, Todorov proposes a more “pluralistic” conception of European identity that encompases other, non-European heritages as well. The essay concludes with a discussion of contemporary Europe and European identity against the backdrop of the EU and America.
Kundera's Variations: Passing Thoughts on Novel and Nation
Authors: Ungar Steven
Published: November 2008

The appearance of Milan Kundera’s “ Die Weltliteratur ” in the January 8, 2007 issue of The New Yorker provides broad journalistic visibility for a writer more often associated with elite literary venues. That the article in question was excerpted from The Curtain , a new collection of critical essays on the novel, links it to two earlier collections, The Art of the Novel (1986) and Legacies Betrayed (1993), in which Kundera had set forth a defense of major European writers including Rabelais, Cervantes, Sterne, Laclos, Diderot, Stendhal, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, and Proust. What sets “ Die Weltliteratur ” apart from the earlier collection is a recent poll in the French press whose ranking of influential writers prompts Kundera to assert his Bohemian roots against his current status as a citizen of France. The new collection also positions Kundera as an interested observer whose longtime residency in his adoptive homeland provides a unique perspective on the culture, politics, and history of his native region.
A final section relates Kundera’s views in “ Die Weltliteratur ” and in The Curtain to the life of the author’s colleague and friend, Professor Walter A. Strauss (1923-2008).
The End(s) of the Intellectual: Ethics, Politics, Terror
Authors: Carroll David
Published: November 2008

Has the era in which intellectuals had sufficient respect and moral authority to intervene effectively in politics and influence public opinion finally come to an end? Is it possible to imagine today an Emile Zola who would publicly accuse the highest political and military authorities of injustices and crimes and be followed by large numbers of writers, artists, and academics and important segments of the general public, as was the case during the Dreyfus Affair in France over a century ago? Have the ends pursued by intellectuals of the past become totally irrelevant in an increasingly trans-national world dominated by technology? These are the kinds of questions this essay addresses as it discusses why in the last decades the decline in the status and influence of intellectuals and even their demise have so often been proclaimed, not just by conservative anti-intellectuals who equate intellectuals with subversive political ideas and movements, but also more surprisingly by intellectuals on the political left themselves.
Even if the figure and status of the intellectual have radically changed in recent decades, the essay also argues that the voices of intellectuals, even if today expressed in different forms and in different media than in the past, still have a crucial critical role to play. Through analyses of essays by Foucault, Lyotard, and Albert Camus, the essay argues for what could be called a minimalist form of ethics as the basis for the struggle against injustice, an ethics that is not rooted in an idea of universal humanity or derived from a religious or political ideal but which nevertheless demands, especially in “an age of terror” such as our own, that the obligation to “save bodies” (Camus) must come before politics, or in the words of Emmanuel Levinas, that politics must always come “after.”
The Crises of Patriotism
Authors: Bruckner Pascal
Published: November 2008

This essay examines the complexities and paradoxes of nationalism and patriotism in France and Europe. Specifically, how has the creation of the EU affected notions of national identity in contemporary Europe? And how is it possible to be “nationalistic” in the European context after the horrors committed in the name of nationalism in Europe’s bloody twentieth century? How do recent concerns with the “duty to remember” the victims of these horrors shape conceptions of Europe’s past? Finally, what impact does today’s individualism have on national sentiment in Europe?
"When Carolina Indians Went on the Warpath": The Media, the Klan, and the Lumbees of North Carolina
Authors: Oakley Christopher Arris
Published: November 2008

"On a frigid Saturday night in January 1958, Grand Dragon James 'Catfish' Cole and fifty other members of the Ku Klux Klan gathered for a rally in a cornfield near Hayes Pond just outside of Maxton, a small town located in Robeson County in southeastern North Carolina. But before the rally even began, several hundred Lumbees chased the Klansmen from the frozen cornfield."
When Heritage Is Hip
Authors: Griffin Larry J.
Published: November 2008

"Not all 'cool' identities are equally cool. If the socially constructed identity of American Indian is cool, for most people it is cooler to have Indian ancestry than to be Indian."
Mississippi Choctaws and Racial Politics
Authors: Osburn Katherine M. B.
Published: November 2008

"In December 1912, Mississippi representative Pat Harrison stood before Congress and delivered an impassioned speech on behalf of the Choctaw Indians living in his district. 'Mr. Chairman,' Harrison announced, 'the Choctaw Indians always stood with the white men of the South.'"
"Tiger Tiger": Miccosukee Rock 'n' Roll
Authors: West Patsy
Published: November 2008

"During this time we played with Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, Procol Harum, Cream, and Jefferson Airplane, and we even backed Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry."
"The Obituary of Nations": Ethnic Cleansing, Memory, and the Origins of the Old South
Authors: Carson James Taylor
Published: November 2008

"The wilderness settlers thought they were entering was in fact a landscape created and managed by the First Peoples."
Mother Corn and the Dixie Pig: Native Food in the Native South
Authors: Green Rayna
Published: November 2008

"They all know, out there in Indian Country, that the loss of traditional diet and the cultural skills needed to maintain it has killed more Indians than Andy Jackson."
The Indian Sports Mascot Meets Noble Savage and Noble Savage Confronts Indian Mascot
Authors: Howe Leanne
Published: November 2008

"But here we are. You with a bow and arrow. Me in a headdress."
Glimpses of a Nearby Nation: The Making of Catawba Pottery with Georgia Harris and Edith Harris Brown
Authors: Harris Lorene B. , Blumer Thomas J. , Riggs Brett H.
Published: November 2008

"Like their ancestors for thousands of years, Catawba potters of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries have continued to adapt their material traditions to ever-changing modern contexts. In the process, they create remarkably contemporary works of visual and tactile art."
Editor’s Preface: Hybrid Forms and Cultural Anxiety
Authors: Knoepflmacher U. C.
Published: November 2008

Whereas earlier cultures regarded “hybridity” as a dangerous deformation of fixed forms, the term acquired far more positive connotations by the eighteenth century, especially after pre-Darwinian physiologists proved that biological forms were hardly immutable, an idea that soon spread into fields such as literature and theology. Yet, as an 1847 debate between Matthew Arnold and Arthur H. Clough shows, not all Victorians embraced the innovativeness of hybrid forms. Each of this collection’s three five-essay parts—“Formal Hybrids,” “Discursive Hybrids,” and “Cultural Hybrids”—engages texts that amalgamate contraries. This introduction stresses the interrelations that connect all fifteen essays and ends with an account of their inception.
Arnold’s Arrhythmia
Authors: Blanton C. D.
Published: November 2008

This essay considers Matthew Arnold’s “Empedocles on Etna” (1852) and the piece that displaced it, “Preface to Poems ” (1853), as halves of a single fractured document. It argues that in his turn from poetry to critical prose, Arnold never abandoned the problem of verse, but rather developed a figurative and formal prosaics designed to transmit poetic rhythms intermittently. Accordingly, it discerns in both texts a hybrid species of emergent free verse that Arnoldian criticism practiced, but remained unable to name.
Browning’s Grafts
Authors: Shires Linda M.
Published: November 2008

This essay takes up the performativity of letters. It studies examples of impersonation and the gendered relationship of lyric and context afforded by several of Browning’s surviving letters to his fellow-poet and friend, Euphrasia Fanny Haworth. Written during the intense five-year period of the young poet’s early literary experimentations, they offer us a less-crafted and less fully ironized engagement with some of the same issues that emerge in Browning’s most famous poems of the period.
Elizabeth Barrett’s and Alfred Tennyson’s Authorial and Formal Links
Authors: Billone Amy
Published: November 2008

Elizabeth Barrett and Alfred Tennyson were intimately bound together biographically and artistically. The attitudes and experiences the poets shared covered a surprising number of subjects and events. Formally, they addressed the same issues, employing similar techniques and creative processes. I will argue that in spite of Barrett’s resistance to accusations of “Tennysonianisms” in her writing and in addition to the two poets’ mutual involvement with textual hybrids, cases of borrowing and cross-referencing reverberate throughout their collective work.
The “Prophet-Poet’s Book”
Authors: Chaney Christine
Published: November 2008

Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s 1856 verse-novel Aurora Leigh was her intended magnum opus . Yet she has been taken to task by critics, both in her age and ours, for her seemingly strange hybrid use of the verse-novel form. In order to reconcile the disparity we must see this unusual text as something different from a fragmentary or not-very-successful instantiation of either genre separately but instead as a “literary self-portrait”—a form of polemical life narrative. I argue in this essay that Barrett Browning inherited this form from her revolutionary foremother Mary Wollstonecraft and passed it on to her modernist literary “daughter” Virginia Woolf in heretofore unexamined ways.
Sketches by Boz , “So Frail a Machine”
Authors: Coriale Danielle
Published: November 2008

Charles Dickens’s Sketches by Boz (1836) combines journalistic reportage with plotted narratives and sentimental vignettes to illustrate “every-day life” in London. Building on Dickens’s description of the book as a “frail machine,” this essay argues that the young author was anxious about launching his literary career with such a radically hybrid text, and that he expressed his anxiety in the “Scenes” section of the book. As the publication history shows, Dickens attempted to impose a structure on the sketches that would give the illusion of textual stability and authorial control, the signature features of his mature fiction.
Grafting A Christmas Carol
Authors: Hancher Michael
Published: November 2008

The piracy of A Christmas Carol that provoked Charles Dickens to sue (at considerable cost) for copyright damages in the Court of Chancery appeared as a two-penny issue of an ephemeral magazine called Parley’s Illuminated Library . Although it was long thought to be lost, this pastiche survives in a bound volume of that journal among other quoted and “reoriginated” works. This essay characterizes the unusual textual mixtures that make up that volume, and notices especially the hybrid qualities of Dickens’s “reoriginated” Carol .
Dialectics of Social Class in the Gilbert and Sullivan Collaboration
Authors: Fischler Alan
Published: November 2008

The particular hybrid quality of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas had much to do with the social origins of the authors. The librettist W. S. Gilbert grew up with solidly middle-class values, while the composer Arthur Sullivan, born in the working-class district of Lambeth, relished nothing more than the entrée his musical triumphs allowed him to the world of the aristocracy. But Gilbert’s librettos bridged this divide, as the most successful among them depicted lower class characters catapulted to exalted social rank, but owing their elevation to the agency of law—which, in its official and unofficial guises, was the arbiter and guide of Victorian bourgeois conduct.
Anonyma’s Authors
Authors: Buurma Rachel Sagner
Published: November 2008

This article examines the publication history of a popular group of loosely related, variously authored anonymous Victorian novels about women of the London “demimonde” (such as Anonyma, or, Fair but Frail , 1864), showing how successive republications worked to create an increasingly coherent set of texts with a single, yet unstable, author function. I argue specifically that these novels’ hybrid representations of authorship—which changed dramatically between the 1864, 1869, and 1884 publications of the increasingly standardized “series”—engage with the novels’ representational practices, and that an analysis of this engagement has broader implications for our understanding of Victorian ideas about authorship.
The “Spasmodic” Hoaxes of W. E. Aytoun and A. C. Swinburne
Authors: Morton Heather
Published: November 2008

The article looks at the relationship between W. E. Aytoun’s hoax review “Firmilian” and A. C. Swinburne’s later imitations. Both hoaxes reveal the cultural positions of the two genres involved— poetry and criticism—through formal divisions within the hybrid of the fake “review.” I argue that Swinburne’s changes on Aytoun’s earlier hoax show how he recognized the power of an avant-garde before writing most of his most controversial poetry.
Domestic Hybrids: Ruskin, Victorian Fiction, and Darwin’s Botany
Authors: Smith Jonathan
Published: November 2008

John Ruskin’s famous castigation in “Fiction, Fair and Foul” (1880–81) of contemporary novels, particularly those of Charles Dickens and the “sensation school,” is frequently cast in the language of botany. Written at a time when Ruskin was immersed in Proserpina , his own botanical publication, this language points to Ruskin’s discomfort with hybridity, whether manifested in sensation fiction—a hybrid genre combining domestic realism with the gothic romance—or accounted for in the botanical studies of Charles Darwin, both of which were, in Ruskin’s eyes, unhealthily consumed with sex and violence.
Robert Louis Stevenson’s South Seas Crossings
Authors: Colley Ann C.
Published: November 2008

When Stevenson was in the South Seas he was well aware of the contamination from the colonial powers. Stevenson did not, however, dwell exclusively upon the destructive incursions that reinforced the idea of a fixed difference between Western and Island cultures. He was more interested in the complex nature of the cultural exchanges between the Europeans and the native populations. In his Pacific writing Stevenson concentrated on these “contact zones” and identified the places where Westerners and indigenous peoples met and mixed to create “hybrids” neither completely European nor completely native. This essay focuses on the various ways in which Stevenson experienced and manifested this cross-fertilization.
Florence Marryat’s Female Vampire and the Scientizing of Hybridity
Authors: Hammack Brenda Mann
Published: November 2008

This essay relates the titular character of Florence Marryat’s 1897 novel, The Blood of the Vampire , to other sexual/racial hybrids of the nineteenth century such as Charlotte Brontë’s Bertha Mason and Oliver Wendell Holmes’s Elsie Venner. Marryat draws upon pseudoscientific theories of “maternal impressions” to create Harriet Brandt, a female vampire whose depiction might not have been out of place in contemporary medical journals such as The Lancet . Her sympathetic and realistic portrait of Harriet exposes the instabilities in fin-de-siècle thinking about race, gender, and species.
Assyrian Monsters and Domestic Chimeras
Authors: Thomas Deborah A.
Published: November 2008

This essay deals with public reaction to the colossal, winged, human-headed bull and lion sculptures unearthed by A. H. Layard from what he proclaimed as the ruins of Nineveh. The first examples arrived at the British Museum in 1850. Reproductions were on view at the Nineveh Court in the Sydenham Crystal Palace (opened 1854). The more popular of these two types—the bull—was quickly linked to the British image of John Bull, while in subsequent fantasies for children by Lewis Carroll and Edith Nesbit, the Assyrian bull became further domesticated and associated with increasingly bizarre combinations.
A South Kensington Gateway from Gwalior to Nowhere
Authors: Spear Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2008

The 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition featured colonial simulacra, displaced native environments and subject peoples serving to naturalize empire. While settler colony exhibitions emphasized cities, the Indian displays reified the village and its crafts as the essence of India. This ahistorical “traditonalization” of India was sustained by an Arts and Crafts movement that also produced a critique of empire. These contradictions are embodied in the Exhibition’s Gwalior Gateway, a seventy-ton hybrid of Hindu and Islamic carving built into the Victoria and Albert Museum, but now hidden from view—a parable of empire.
Kipling’s “Mixy” Creatures
Authors: Knoepflmacher U. C.
Published: November 2008

When a Russian spy derides “the monstrous hybridism” of the “smiling Bengali” Hurree Chunder Mookerjee in Kim , Kipling is clearly being ironic. For Kipling still values the pliability of a multiculturalism that, like his own, transcends national and ethnic divisions. His investment in such hybrid figures predates Kim . But his positive portraits of an “Anglo-American-German-Jew” as America’s “Man of the Future,” and of mixed-race and multicultural protagonists in “His Chance in Life” and “The Miracle of Purun Bhagat” are hardly irony free. Whereas Mowgli the wolf-boy cannot reconcile his split identity, the 1902 Just So Stories rely on a mixture of story, graphics, captions, and verse to free Kipling into a playful modification of species. Thereafter, however, he will distrust the hybridity he had once prized.
Recent Studies in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Colley Ann C.
Published: November 2008

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the nineteenth century and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follow.
Differential Localizations of the Transient Receptor Potential Channels TRPV4 and TRPV1 in the Mouse Urinary Bladder
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Ugawa Shinya , Ueda Takashi , Ishida Yusuke , Kajita Kenji , Shimada Shoichi
Published: November 2008

We studied the localization and physiological functions of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPV1 (TRP vanilloid 1) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 4) in the mouse bladder, because both channels are thought to be mechanosensors for bladder distention. RT-PCR specifically amplified TRPV4 transcripts from the urothelial cells, whereas TRPV1 transcripts were barely detectable. ISH experiments showed that TRPV4 transcripts were abundantly expressed in the urothelium, whereas TRPV1 transcripts were not detectable in the urothelial cells. Immunoblotting and IHC studies showed that TRPV4 proteins were mainly localized at the basal plasma membrane domains of the basal urothelial cells. In contrast, TRPV1-immunoreactivities were found not in the urothelial cells but in the nerve fibers that innervate the urinary bladder. In Ca2+-imaging experiments, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, a TRPV4 agonist, and hypotonic stimuli induced significant increases in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in isolated urothelial cells, whereas capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, showed no marked effect on the cells. These findings raise the possibility that, in mouse urothelial cells, TRPV4 may contribute to the detection of increases in intravesical pressure related to the micturition reflex.