bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lire pour / avec le corps : activations sonores de la poésie de Celerina Sánchez et Víctor Gally
Authors: Lepe Lira Luz María , López Durand Mariana
Published: January 2025

Dans cet article, nous abordons la proposition de la poétesse Celerina Sánchez et du musicien Víctor Gally, le duo Natsiká (ñuu savi [mixtèque] poésie et blues). Par le biais de diverses ressources intermédiales, ce duo se concentre sur le son pour tenter de rendre la langue tu’un savi [mixtèque] reconnaissable. Nous montrons la remédiation de deux poèmes « Nika’ín ɨɨn » et « Yo’ó ingáyu », issus du livre-disque Káku ta’án (2019), ainsi que la traduction intersémiotique entre les supports du livre imprimé (écriture bilingue tu’un savi et espagnol), le Soundcloud avec la musicalisation de l’harmonica et l’enregistrement de leur performance vidéo.
Codiseño y diseño participativo en el ámbito de la salud y el bienestar
Authors: Massaguer Lluc
Published: January 2025

El pasado mes de diciembre se celebró Expanding the margins, un congreso internacional de investigación en diseño, organizado desde el Grupo de Investigación Mediaccions y los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación de la UOC. En este artículo hablaremos de una de las temáticas que se abordaron: la relación del diseño con la salud y el bienestar, y lo haremos surfeando aspectos como el codiseño, el diseño colaborativo, la escucha activa, los estigmas y la sensibilización.
Axon-specific microtubule regulation drives asymmetric regeneration of sensory neuron axons
Authors: Costa Ana C , Murillo Blanca R , Bessa Rita , Ribeiro Ricardo , Ferreira da Silva Tiago , Porfírio-Rodrigues Patrícia , Martins Gabriel G , Brites Pedro , Kneussel Matthias , Misgeld Thomas , Brill Monika S , Sousa Monica M
Published: January 2025

Sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have a unique pseudo-unipolar morphology in which a stem axon bifurcates into a peripheral and a central axon, with different regenerative abilities. Whereas peripheral DRG axons regenerate, central axons are unable to regrow. Central axon regeneration can however be elicited by a prior conditioning lesion to the peripheral axon. How DRG axon asymmetry is established, remains unknown. Here we developed a rodent
in vitro
system replicating DRG pseudo-unipolarization and asymmetric axon regeneration. Using this model, we observed that from early development, central DRG axons have a higher density of growing microtubules. This asymmetry was also present
in vivo
and was abolished by a conditioning lesion that decreased microtubule polymerization of central DRG axons. An axon-specific microtubule-associated protein (MAP) signature, including the severases spastin and katanin and the microtubule regulators CRMP5 and tau, was found and shown to adapt upon conditioning lesion. Supporting its significance, interfering with the DRG MAP signature either
in vitro
or
in vivo
, readily abolished central-peripheral asymmetries in microtubule dynamics and regenerative ability. In summary, our data unveil that axon-specific microtubule regulation drives asymmetric regeneration of sensory neuron axons.
Multi-tissue network analysis reveals the effect of JNK inhibition on dietary sucrose-induced metabolic dysfunction in rats
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Cheng , Kim Woonghee , Shi Mengnan , Kiliclioglu Metin , Bayram Cemil , Bolat Ismail , Tozlu Özlem Özdemir , Baba Cem , Yuksel Nursena , Yildirim Serkan , Iqbal Shazia , Sebhaoui Jihad , Hacımuftuoglu Ahmet , Uhlen Mathias , Boren Jan , Turkez Hasan , Mardinoglu Adil
Published: January 2025

Excessive consumption of sucrose, in the form of sugar-sweetened beverages, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunctionLassociated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and other related metabolic syndromes. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays a crucial role in response to dietary stressors, and it was demonstrated that the inhibition of the JNK pathway could potentially be used in the treatment of MAFLD. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying these interventions remain incompletely understood given their multifaceted effects across multiple tissues. In this study, we challenged rats with sucrose-sweetened water and investigated the potential effects of JNK inhibition by employing network analysis based on the transcriptome profiling obtained from hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, including visceral white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and brain. Our data demonstrate that JNK inhibition by JNK-IN-5A effectively reduces the circulating triglyceride accumulation and inflammation in rats subjected to sucrose consumption. Coexpression analysis and genome-scale metabolic modelling reveal that sucrose overconsumption primarily induces transcriptional dysfunction related to fatty acid and oxidative metabolism in the liver and adipose tissues, which are largely rectified after JNK inhibition at a clinically relevant dose. Skeletal muscle exhibited minimal transcriptional changes to sucrose overconsumption but underwent substantial metabolic adaptation following the JNK inhibition. Overall, our data provides novel insights into the molecular basis by which JNK inhibition exerts its metabolic effect in the metabolically active tissues. Furthermore, our findings underpin the critical role of extrahepatic metabolism in the development of diet-induced steatosis, offering valuable guidance for future studies focused on JNK-targeting for effective treatment of MAFLD.
On the development of diagnostic support algorithms based on CPET biosignals data via machine learning and wavelets
Authors: Pinheiro Rafael F. , Fonseca-Pinto Rui
Published: January 2025

For preventing health complications and reducing the strain on healthcare systems, early identification of diseases is imperative. In this context, artificial intelligence has become increasingly prominent in the field of medicine, offering essential support for disease diagnosis. This article introduces an algorithm that builds upon an earlier methodology to assess biosignals acquired through cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for identifying metabolic syndrome (MS), heart failure (HF), and healthy individuals (H). Leveraging support vector machine (SVM) technology, a well-known machine learning classification method, in combination with wavelet transforms for feature extraction, the algorithm takes an innovative approach. The model was trained on CPET data from 45 participants, including 15 with MS, 15 with HF, and 15 healthy controls. For binary classification tasks, the SVM with a polynomial kernel and 5-level wavelet transform (SVM-POL-BW5) outperformed similar methods described in the literature. Moreover, one of the main contributions of this study is the development of a multi-class classification algorithm using the SVM employing a linear kernel and 3-level wavelet transforms (SVM-LIN-MW3), reaching an average accuracy of 95%. In conclusion, the application of SVM-based algorithms combined with wavelet transforms to analyze CPET data shows promise in diagnosing various diseases, highlighting their adaptability and broader potential applications in healthcare.
Effect of Workload and Pedalling Rate on Physiological Response for Male Worker
Authors: Patil Prithviraj , Mehta A. K. , Dhumal Shiwani , Palve Sukanya , Mane Omkar , Patil Tejaswini
Published: January 2025

Until about two and half centuries ago, muscle power was the prime source of energy for performing all the physical activities on our earth, and much of this power had been from human muscles. Because of the socio-economic conditions of farmers in developing countries including India, human muscle power is going to contribute energy requirements for performing many farm activities for the next two decades. Pedalling is the most efficient way of utilising power from human muscles. Pedal power enables a person to drive devices at the same or higher rate as that achieved by hand cranking, but with far less effort and fatigue. However, the use of pedal power for occupational work such as stationary farm operations has got scant attention in the past. Keeping these points into consideration a study was planned for Effect of workload and pedalling rate on physiological response for male worker. Physiological responses of 20 male subjects were studied on a computerised bicycle ergometer at four levels of power output (60, 70, 80, 90 W) four levels of pedalling rates (40, 50, 60, 70 rev/min). Analysis of data indicated that physiological responses were significantly affected with power output as well as pedalling rate. Increases in physiological responses (heart rate and oxygen consumption rate) over rest were significantly higher when pedalling frequency was 50rev/min and above 60rev/min. There was no significant difference between physiological responses at 50 and 60 rev/min. Physiological responses increased linearly with power output and were significantly different at different power outputs. The average value of physiological responses at 60W power output at male agriculture worker at 50rev/min pedalling rate were within acceptable limits for continuous pedalling work.
An Assessment and Analysis of Financial Literacy in Kerala, India
Authors: Joseph Josin T , Devassy Deny
Published: January 2025

Aims: To assess financial literacy levels in Kerala, India, using the OECD framework. Kerala's financial literacy rate (39%, NCFE 2019) underscores the need for targeted education programs. This study identifies gaps in financial knowledge, behavior, and attitudes, offering insights for policymakers to integrate financial literacy into education systems and community initiatives.
Study Design: Cross-sectional quantitative survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Kerala, India across 14 districts from June to November 2024.
Methodology: A sample of 125 respondents, selected using stratified random sampling, was surveyed. Financial literacy was measured based on the OECD framework's three dimensions: knowledge, behavior, and attitudes. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify significant predictors.
Results: 84% of respondents were moderately literate, 12% highly literate, and 4% financially illiterate. Gaps were identified in understanding compound interest and risk diversification, and in adopting long-term financial planning and budgeting behaviors.
Conclusion: Education level significantly influenced financial literacy. The findings suggest integrating financial literacy programs into school curriculums and promoting community-based initiatives to address gaps in financial knowledge, behavior, and attitudes.
ChatGPT: A Game Changer in Junior High School Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Li Renhan , Yang Zezhong
Published: January 2025

The use of ChatGPT in junior high school mathematics classrooms has been extensively discussed since it is extremely important for teaching mathematics in this age of rapidly advancing intelligent technology. Using the theoretical analysis method, this paper analyzes ChatGPT's features, the current teaching situation, and the problems existing in students' mathematics learning. It also combines the requirements that are emphasized in various aspects of junior high school mathematics teaching in the Mathematics Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition). Four strategies for using ChatGPT in junior high school mathematics teaching are presented in this paper. They are as follows: 1. Make full use of ChatGPT's language understanding and generation abilities to create a diversified teaching interaction model; 2. Make use of ChatGPT's exclusive intelligent evaluation feature promptly to evaluate students more thoroughly and completely; 3. Make full use of ChatGPT to generate contextualized mathematical problems, and expand students 'problem-solving ideas with the help of intelligent questions; 4. Build an online personalized mathematics learning platform with ChatGPT to develop students' independent learning ability. These strategies can be used as a reference by mathematics teachers in practical teaching.
Sustainable Urban Development in West Africa: A Rapid Review of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Olaniran Samuel Oluwatobi , Apata Oluwatosin Blessing , Sakiru Rasaq Ademola
Published: January 2025

Background: The rapid urbanization witnessed across West Africa presents an urgent need to address sustainable urban development.
Objective: This rapid review synthesizes the existing literature on the challenges and opportunities related to sustainable urban development in West Africa. It seeks to clarify the key factors influencing regional urban sustainability and identify practical pathways for policy and planning interventions.
Methods: We reviewed peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2025 identified through Web of Science, Environment Complete, Energy & Power Source, Engineering Source, Academic Search Ultimate, and CINAHL Ultimate. Of the 23 studies, 6 articles were selected for the review. A thematic analysis was then used to code and categorize the data, resulting in emergent themes showing the challenges and prospects for sustainable urban development.
Results and Conclusion: The findings show that West African cities face formidable challenges, including under-resourced infrastructure, weak policy coordination, entrenched social inequalities, and mounting environmental pressures. Nevertheless, there are also promising opportunities, such as leveraging technological innovations to improve service delivery, implementing policy initiatives aimed at decentralization, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and integrating nature-based solutions into urban planning. Future research should broaden its geographic coverage and employ longitudinal or comparative methods to evaluate the long-term impact of policy and planning interventions.
Enhancing Incident Response Strategies in U.S. Healthcare Cybersecurity
Authors: Balogun Adebayo Yusuf , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Olisa Anthony Obulor , Gbadebo Michael Olayinka , Chinye Noah Chukwufumnanya
Published: January 2025

This study explores the enhancement of incident response strategies in the U.S. healthcare sector, leveraging data from the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report, the HHS Breach Portal, and the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. A quantitative methodology was employed, incorporating descriptive statistics, linear regression, and clustering analysis to assess the state of incident response, the impact of recent cyberattacks, and the effectiveness of advanced technologies. Findings revealed consistent improvements in detection and containment times (5.26% and 5.68% annually, respectively) but showed that healthcare still lags behind cross-industry benchmarks. A strong correlation (R² = 0.946) was observed between breach size and financial losses, with larger breaches incurring severe operational and financial impacts. AI-driven systems outperformed traditional methods, achieving a 93.5% F1 score compared to 81.5% for conventional approaches. Recommendations include investing in AI systems, comprehensive training programs, upgrading legacy systems, and implementing continuous improvement mechanisms to strengthen healthcare cybersecurity resilience.
Optimizing Resource Allocation with Predictive Analytics: A Review of Data-Driven Approaches to Operational Efficiency
Authors: Nayak Saugat
Published: January 2025

Managing resources is crucial in increasing capacity utilization, reducing expenses, and increasing revenue in the current world economy. Analytical techniques, rooted in historical context, machine learning, and statistical models, provide innovative approaches to resource management in industries such as healthcare, retail, manufacturing, and energy. This paper explores predictive analytics through key methodologies, including time series forecasting, regression analysis, clustering, and optimization, to enhance resource distribution and decision-making tools. Forecasting enables more effective, efficient, and less risky planning by allowing organizations to prepare for expected demand, workload, and disruptions in supply and demand, workforce distribution, inventory, and assets. By addressing challenges such as overstocking, overstaffing, or resource shortages, organizations can optimize operations. Key applications include workforce management, inventory management, supply chain management, and condition monitoring or predictive maintenance. The advantages, such as cost reduction, increased productivity, and improved customer satisfaction, are supported with practical examples. However, challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, and scalability remain significant barriers to broader adoption. Best practices identified include integrating predictive models with existing systems and fostering a data-oriented organizational culture. With advancements in technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning, predictive analytics remains central to digital transformation by enabling timely and adaptive resource allocation. This study underscores predictive analytics' transformative potential for resource management, providing actionable insights to help organizations navigate dynamic environments.
Computational Analysis of Aluminum Corrosion Inhibition Potentials Using Selected Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives
Authors: Uzah Terngu T. , Ekpenyong Okon O. , Ioryue Ijah S. , Amitaye Azuka N.
Published: January 2025

Aluminum, a metal with a rich cultural history, remains vital in numerous industrial applications. However, its susceptibility to corrosion in harsh environments poses significant challenges. Traditional corrosion inhibitors have been developed to counteract this issue, but they often come with drawbacks such as high costs and harmful environmental and health impacts. This study employed density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the potential of two compounds—2-(4-methylbenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (MBHC) and N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (PHC)—as corrosion inhibitors for aluminum surfaces. Electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis revealed that the sulphur and nitrogen atoms in these compounds exhibit nucleophilic behaviour, making them effective for corrosion inhibition. The research highlighted MBHC's superior performance over PHC in corrosion prevention. Molecular orbital theory and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that MBHC formed stronger and more stable complexes with the aluminum surface, as reflected in its higher adsorption energy of −461.73 eV compared to PHC's −163.43 eV. These findings pave the way for developing environmentally friendly inhibitors to protect aluminum surfaces, combining efficiency with sustainability.
Dental Caries- The Most Prevailing Disease- An Overview
Authors: S.M.Shahidulla  , Sameen Syeda Adiba , Fatima Mariya
Published: January 2025

Dental caries, a persistent illness, is distinct to humans and ranks among the most significant global oral health issues currently faced. The breakdown of dental hard acellular tissue occurs due to acidic by-products from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, particularly sucrose. In most individuals, it advances gradually, stemming from an ecological imbalance between oral biofilms and tooth minerals, characterized by microbial activity that leads to fluctuations in plaque pH, influenced by bacterial acid production, the buffering effects of saliva, and the adjacent tooth structure. The microbial community involved in caries is varied and comprises numerous facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. S. Mutant is the most closely linked with it. Dental caries can impact humans in various ways, such as causing tooth pain, infections, or dysfunction in the stomato-gnathic system, which may hinder the essential consumption of nutritious foods, influencing growth in both children and adults, along with their learning, communication abilities, and leisure activities. Additionally, cancers of the mouth and throat, along with lesions in oral tissue, represent a major health issue. Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus and Ludwig’s angina can pose a serious threat to life. As a result, dental disease treatment is necessary, but it can be costly and impractical for various communities due to limited resources like time, personnel, and finances. Consequently, prevention is less expensive. Recommendations should include personal hygiene practices and dietary changes.
Cancer Drug Price and Novelty in Mechanism of Action
Authors: Miljković Miloš D. , Tuia Jordan , Olivier Timothée , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay
Published: December 2023

Importance

Many economic theories point to regulatory issues and subsidization of research and development costs as the primary factor in the high cancer drug prices in the US. Even so, the association between the median annual cost and novelty of cancer drugs approved in the US remains unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the association between the median annual cost and novelty of cancer drugs approved in the US over a 6-year period.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included all cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Drug names, indications, manufacturer, dosage, and measures of activity/efficacy were extracted from the FDA announcement. The search was performed in December 2021. Data were analyzed from January 2022 until April 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual cost of treatment was calculated based on average wholesale price collected from the 2021 Micromedex Red Book database. Mechanism of action was inferred from trial publication or its references.

Results

There were 224 cancer drug approvals across 119 individual drugs, with a median annual cost of $196 000 (IQR, $170 000-$277 000). Gene and viral therapies were the most expensive (median, $448 000 [IQR, $448 000-$479 000]), followed by small molecule therapy (median, $244 000 [IQR, $203 000-$321 000), and biologics (median, $185 000 [IQR, $148 000-$195 000]). There was no significant difference in cost between first-in-class, next-in-class, and subsequent approvals of an already approved drug.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this study indicate that the median annual price of anticancer drugs in the US is not associated with the novelty of their mechanism of action.
Therapeutic Nanovaccines Reshape the Metabolic and Immune Microenvironment for Enhancing Immunotherapy of Primary and Lymphatic Metastatic Tumors
Authors: Fu Baixue , Hu Junwei , Yu Ao , Wang Yongjian
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of anti‐metastasis therapy is hampered by the highly immunosuppressive microenvironment found in both tumor tissues and lymph nodes. In this work, a therapeutic nanovaccine, CaGlu NPs, is introduced composed of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3 NPs) and β‐glucan. Through the synergistic effect of CaCO3 NPs and β‐glucan, CaGlu NPs can induce immunogenic cell death in tumor tissues, repolarize tumor macrophages, reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, effectively activate antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, promote dendritic cells maturation, and eventually elicit an effective anti‐tumor immune response in both primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. Meanwhile, CaGlu NPs can remodel the metabolic microenvironment in tumors and lymph nodes by decreasing the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, further enhancing the anti‐tumor immune response. CaGlu NPs also inhibit tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and induce long‐term immune memory effects. This therapeutic nanovaccine strategy, which simultaneously remodels the metabolic and immunosuppressive microenvironments in tumors and metastatic lymph nodes, showed strong anti‐metastatic effects in vivo. This study presents a promising approach to effectively treat lymph node metastatic tumors using nanomaterial‐assisted immunotherapies and underscores its broad potential for clinical applications.
In‐Plane Heterostructured MoN/MoC Nanosheets with Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer for Superior Pseudocapacitive Storage
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Xiuli , Song Hao , Chu Paul K , Huo Kaifu
Published: December 2023

2D transition metal carbide/nitride heterostructures are emerging pseudocapacitive materials for supercapacitors (SCs); however, the lack of efficient synthesis methods and an in‐depth understanding of the pseudocapacitive storage mechanism of these potentially important materials impede their applications in SCs. Herein, 2D MoN/MoC nanosheets with a precisely regulated interface are prepared controllably by a scalable salt‐assisted method with bulk MoS2 as the precursor. In operando infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance results reveal that the pseudocapacitance of the MoN/MoC nanosheets originates from the reversible reaction between Mo–N sites and H+ in the acidic electrolyte. Density‐functional theory calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy disclose that the MoC/MoN heterointerface induces the internal electric field from the accumulated negative charges at the Mo–N sites by electron donation from MoC, leading to enhanced H+ adsorption at the Mo–N sites and superior pseudocapacitive storage. The heterostructured MoN/MoC nanosheets show a large volumetric capacity of 1045.3 F cm−3 at 1 A cm−3, high‐rate capability of 702.8 F cm−3 at 10 A cm−3, and superior cyclability with capacity retention of 98% after 10,000 cycles, which outperform reported Mo‐based carbides and nitrides. The results provide new insights into the development of high‐performance 2D heterostructured materials for superior pseudocapacitive storage.
High‐Yield‐Stress Particle‐Stabilized Emulsion for Form‐Factor‐Free Thermal Pastes with High Thermal Conductivity, Stability, and Recyclability
Authors: Min Seong‐Bae , Jo Yongsu , Ryu Seoung Young , Lee Joohyung , Ahn Cheol‐Woo , Kim Chae Bin
Published: December 2023

Thermal pastes, thermally conductive fillers dispersed in liquid matrices, are widely used as thermal interface materials (TIMs). TIMs transfer heat generated from electronics to the surroundings, ensuring optimal operating temperatures. Thus, it is crucial to obtain high thermal conductivity (TC) by forming a continuous heat‐conduction pathway through interconnected filler‐networks within the TIM. Therefore, for paste‐type TIMs with spherical fillers, high TC can only be realized at sufficiently high filler loadings (>60 vol%). However, the pastes bearing such high filler loadings are thick, stiff, and less applicable. To these ends, particle‐stabilized emulsions composed of immiscible liquids (silicone oil and glycerol) and spherical alumina are utilized as thermal pastes. Owing to this structure, the resulting form‐factor‐free thermal paste exhibits higher TC and stability than a simple mixture consisting of alumina and a single‐liquid‐matrix (either silicone oil or glycerol). Furthermore, the high applicability of the emulsion‐type pastes enables syringe extrusion, 3D printing, multiple cycles of reprocessing/molding, and eco‐friendly recycling.
[2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Double Helices: Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence Driven by Self‐Assembly
Authors: He Jing , Fan Yanqing , Lian Zhe , Guo Shengzhu , Wang Ying , Jiang Hua
Published: December 2023

Achieving high luminescence dissymmetry factors and quantum yields in the solid state remains a significant challenge in developing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. This study presents the synthesis of double helices based on planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) and tetraphenylethylene (TPE), which exhibit chiroptical and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. In particular, the double helix with long alkyl chains demonstrates tunable CPL activity driven by self‐assembly, exhibiting dissymmetry factors ranging from 10−4 to 10−2. Notably, doped PMMA films show an amplified dissymmetry factor of 0.058 and a high quantum yield of up to 51%. The designed molecules represent an ideal molecular functional material for generating efficient CPL with controllable dissymmetry factor and high emission efficiency in the solid state. This opens up possibilities for applications in chiroptical sensing, data storage, and light‐emitting devices based on solid‐state materials.
Accelerating Nature: Induced Atomic Order in Equiatomic FeNi
Authors: Lewis Laura H. , Stamenov Plamen S.
Published: December 2023

The production of locally atomically ordered FeNi (known by its meteoric mineral name, tetrataenite) is confirmed in bulk samples by simultaneous conversion X‐ray and backscattered γ‐ray 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Up to 22 volume percent of the tetragonal tetrataenite phase is quantified in samples thermally treated under simultaneous magnetic‐ and stress‐field conditions for a period of 6 weeks, with the remainder identified as the cubic FeNi alloy. In contrast, all precursor samples consist only of the cubic FeNi alloy. Data from the processed alloys are validated using Mössbauer parameters derived from natural meteoritic tetrataenite. The meteoritic tetrataenite exhibits a substantially higher degree of atomic order than do the processed samples, consistent with their low uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of ≈1 kJ·m−3. These results suggest that targeted refinements to the processing conditions of FeNi will foster greater atomic order and increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy, leading to an enhanced magnetic energy product. These outcomes also suggest that deductions concerning paleomagnetic conditions of the solar system, as derived from meteoritic data, may warrant re‐examination and re‐evaluation. Additionally, this work strengthens the argument that tetrataenite may indeed become a member of the advanced permanent magnet portfolio, helping to meet rapidly escalating green energy imperatives.
3‐Hydroxythiophenol‐Formaldehyde Resin Microspheres Modulated by Sulfhydryl Groups for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Synthesis of H2O2
Authors: Xu Yulu , Hu Xia , Chen Yuyuan , Lin Sijie , Wang Chen , Gou Faliang , Yang Xiaogang , Zheng Weiwei , Ma De‐Kun
Published: December 2023

Resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resin represents a promising visible‐light responding photocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) toward H2O2 production. However, its photocatalytic ORR activity toward H2O2 generation is still unsatisfied for practical application. Herein, 3‐hydroxythiophenol‐formaldehyde (3‐HTPF) resin microspheres synthesized through polycondensation reaction between 3‐HTP and formaldehyde at room temperature and subsequent hydrothermal treatment exhibit enhanced photocatalytic ORR activity is reported. The experimental results show that the partial substitution of hydroxy group (─OH) by sulfhydryl one (─SH) through using 3‐HTP to replace resorcinol could slow the rates of nucleation and growth of the resin particles and lead to strongly π‐stacked architecture in 3‐HTPF. The introduction of ─SH group can also improve adsorption ability of 3‐HTPF to O2 molecules and enhance ORR catalytic activity of the photocatalysts. Stronger built‐in electric field, better adsorption ability to O2 molecules, and increased surface catalytic activity collectively boost photocatalytic activity of 3‐HTPF microspheres. As a result, H2O2 production rate of 2010 µm h−1 is achieved over 3‐HTPF microspheres at 273 K, which is 3.4 times larger than that obtained using RF submicrospheres (591 µm h−1). The rational substituent group modulation provides a new strategy for designing polymeric photocatalysts at the molecular level toward high‐efficiency artificial photosynthesis.
Electrodeposition Stability Landscape for Solid–Solid Interfaces
Authors: Chatterjee Debanjali , Naik Kaustubh G. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: December 2023

As solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with lithium (Li) metal anodes gain increasing traction as promising next‐generation energy storage systems, a fundamental understanding of coupled electro‐chemo‐mechanical interactions is essential to design stable solid‐solid interfaces. Notably, uneven electrodeposition at the Li metal/solid electrolyte (SE) interface arising from intrinsic electrochemical and mechanical heterogeneities remains a significant challenge. In this work, the thermodynamic origins of mechanics‐coupled reaction kinetics at the Li/SE interface are investigated and its implications on electrodeposition stability are unveiled. It is established that the mechanics‐driven energetic contribution to the free energy landscape of the Li deposition/dissolution redox reaction has a critical influence on the interface stability. The study presents the competing effects of mechanical and electrical overpotential on the reaction distribution, and demarcates the regimes under which stress interactions can be tailored to enable stable electrodeposition. It is revealed that different degrees of mechanics contribution to the forward (dissolution) and backward (deposition) reaction rates result in widely varying stability regimes, and the mechanics‐coupled kinetics scenario exhibited by the Li/SE interface is shown to depend strongly on the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the SE. This work highlights the importance of discerning the underpinning nature of electro‐chemo‐mechanical coupling toward achieving stable solid/solid interfaces in SSBs.
Recent Progress on the Air‐Stable Battery Materials for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Cheng Bingbing , Zheng Zi‐Jian , Yin Xianze
Published: December 2023

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) offer numerous advantages in terms of safety and theoretical specific energy density. However, their main components namely lithium metal anode, solid‐state electrolyte, and cathode, show chemical instability when exposed to humid air, which results in low capacities and poor cycling stability. Recent studies have shown that bioinspired hydrophobic materials with low specific surface energies can protect battery components from corrosion caused by humid air. Air‐stable inorganic materials that densely cover the surface of battery components can also provide protection, which improves the storage stability of the battery components, broadens their processing conditions, and ultimately decreases their processing costs while enhancing their safety. In this review, the mechanism behind the surface structural degradation of battery components and the resulting consequences are discussed. Subsequently, recent strategies are reviewed to address this issue from the perspectives of lithium metal anodes, solid‐state electrolytes, and cathodes. Finally, a brief conclusion is provided on the current strategies and fabrication suggestions for future safe air‐stable SSLMBs.
Increased prevalence of aspiration pneumonitis in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Tang Ru , Zhou Jiayao , Zhang Shiyao , Mao Song , Zhang Weitian
Published: December 2023

Background

Aspiration pneumonitis (AP) secondary to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is underestimated and rarely discussed. This study aimed to evaluate the association between AP and CSF leaks.

Methods

Clinical and surgical characteristics of CSF leak patients with and without AP between January 2010 and December 2022 were included and compared.

Results

This study included 159 patients, 16 with CSF otorrhea and 143 with CSF rhinorrhea. Among them, 40 (25.2%) had AP. Bilateral pneumonitis was identified in 32 cases, of which 11 showed severe pneumonitis in the right upper lung lobe. Twenty‐one (52.5%) asymptomatic and 19 (47.5%) symptomatic cases were documented. The major clinical manifestations included cough (n = 19, 47.5%) and expectoration (n = 9, 22.5%). The prevalence of pneumonitis was significantly higher in the spontaneous group than in the traumatic group. High‐flow CSF leak was associated with AP (42.5% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.001). No significant differences were identified in defect locations between patients with and without AP. Patients with pneumonitis had a higher prevalence of meningitis (32.5% vs. 12.6%, p = 0.003). Multiple logistic regression results revealed that meningitis, spontaneous and high‐flow CSF leaks are independent factors for AP occurrence. Both the CSF leak and pulmonary complications resolved following successful surgical repair.

Conclusions

AP secondary to CSF leaks is frequently underdiagnosed, with a higher incidence identified in spontaneous cases. The occurrence of AP was associated with high‐flow CSF leak.

Key points

A pneumonitis rate of 25.2% in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak patients was reported for the first time.

A higher prevalence of aspiration pneumonitis was identified in spontaneous CSF leak.

Meningitis, spontaneous and high‐flow CSF leaks are independent factors for aspiration pneumonitis occurrence.
Improving Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation through Dynamic Lattice Hydrogen Migration in Pd@Pt Core‐Shell Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Tonghui , Li Mengting , Xiao Dongdong , Yang Xiaoju , An Lulu , Deng Zhiping , Shen Tao , Gong Mingxing , Chen Yi , Liu Hongfang , Feng Ligang , Yang Xuan , Li Li , Wang Deli
Published: December 2023

Tracking the trajectory of hydrogen intermediates during hydrogen electro‐catalysis is beneficial for designing synergetic multi‐component catalysts with division of chemical labor. Herein, we demonstrate a novel dynamic lattice hydrogen (LH) migration mechanism that leads to two orders of magnitude increase in the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity on Pd@Pt over pure Pd, even ≈31.8 times mass activity enhancement than commercial Pt. Specifically, the polarization‐driven electrochemical hydrogenation process from Pd@Pt to PdHx@Pt by incorporating LH allows more surface vacancy Pt sites to increase the surface H coverage. The inverse dehydrogenation process makes PdHx as an H reservoir, providing LH migrates to the surface of Pt and participates in the HOR. Meanwhile, the formation of PdHx induces electronic effect, lowering the energy barrier of rate‐determining Volmer step, thus resulting in the HOR kinetics on Pd@Pt being proportional to the LH concentration in the in situ formed PdHx@Pt. Moreover, this dynamic catalysis mechanism would open up the catalysts scope for hydrogen electro‐catalysis.
Adaptive and Ultrahigh‐Affinity Recognition in Water by Sulfated Conjugated Corral[5]arene
Authors: Wang Ruiguo , Li Wen‐Bo , Deng Jia‐Ying , Han Han , Chen Fang‐Yuan , Li Dai‐Yuan , Jing Li‐Bo , Song Zihang , Fu Rong , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Cai Kang
Published: December 2023

The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109 M−1, and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC[5]A, a conjugated corral‐shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one‐dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC[5]A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011 M−1 towards several size‐matched, rod‐shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka=106–108 M−1). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC[5]A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC[5]A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications.
The strength of particulate polymer composite: A new insight on crystallinity and structural morphology
Authors: Yazid Hafizal , Anwar Umar A. , Sabtu Maria , Murshidi Julie Andrianny , Zali Nurazila M. , Dris Zakaria , Chen Ruey Shan , Ahmad Sahrim , M. Zin M. Rawi
Published: December 2023

We have demonstrated the significant impact of high density polyethylene (HDPE) crystallinity and structural morphology on the tensile strength of 60/40 NR/HDPE polymer blend composites. Introducing nanoscale Boron Carbide (B4C‐type compounds) fillers noticeably changed the crystallinity and morphology of HDPE, leading to the formation of fine spherulites. Conversely, microscale fillers mainly impacted the crystallinity while preserving a coarse architecture. Although both composites experienced a reduction in crystallinity, the nanocomposites outperformed microcomposites and even the pristine polymer blend in terms of strength, implying the effect of a fine structure. The nanocomposite with a filler loading of 2 wt% exhibited the highest strength. This investigation provides novel insights into the interplay between crystallinity, HDPE structure, and the size of fillers, which heavily influence the strength of polymer blend composites.
Ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric ene‐yne metathesis
Authors: Liu Meng , Pearson‐Long Morwenna S. M. , Bertus Philippe , Boeda Fabien
Published: December 2023

The first studies on [Ru]‐catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Closing Ene‐Yne Metathesis (ARCEYM) are disclosed in this communication. The desymmetrization of achiral ene‐diyne substrates afforded the corresponding exo cyclic compounds in good yields and enantioselectivities (up to 69 % ee). The methodology provided a straightforward access to functionalized scaffolds displaying alkyne and diene useful for further functionalization such as [4+2] cycloaddition reaction.
Aromatic C(sp2)−H Functionalization by Consecutive Paired Electrolysis: Dibromination of Aryl Amines with Dibromoethane at Room Temperature
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Singh Malkeet , Kumar Yadav Anup , Shankar Singh Maya
Published: December 2023

Herein, we disclose a facile and efficient electrochemical method for the dibromination of aryl amines by double functionalization of aromatic C(sp2)−H (both para and ortho) under metal‐ and external oxidant‐free conditions at room temperature for the first time. The reaction is demonstrated using 1,2‐dibromoethane to dibrominate a wide range of N‐substituted aryl amines in a simple setup with C(+)/Pt(−) electrodes under mild reaction conditions. This transformation proceeds smoothly with a broad substrate scope affording the valuable and versatile N‐substituted 2,4‐dibromoanilines in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. In this paired electrolysis, cathodic reduction of 1,2‐DBE followed by anodic oxidation generates bromonium intermediates, which then couple with anilines to furnish the dibrominated products. It represents a distinctive approach to challenging redox‐neutral reactions. The versatility of the electrochemical ortho‐, para‐dibromination was reflected by unique regioselectivities for challenging aryl amines and gram‐scale electrosynthesis without the use of a stoichiometric oxidant or an activating agent.
An Exsolved Cu Nanocatalyst for Highly Efficient Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Wei Tong , Wang B. S. Juan , Pan Xueyan , Harimoto Tatsukuni
Published: December 2023

BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3 (BZCY) perovskite with in‐situ exsolved metallic Cu catalyst acted as a catalyst for methanol steam reforming (MSR) for the first time. After reduction at 550 °C for 3 hours, fine and uniform metallic Cu nanoparticles were exsolved from the perovskite lattice with more active sites and oxygen vacancies on the surface. The reduced Ba0.9Zr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Cu0.1O3 (BZCYCu) displayed a stable conversion of methanol above 99.9 % at 500 °C within 120 hours, with a negligible amount of CO in the outlet gas and no carbon species was detected on the surface of catalyst. The BZCYCu gained 7.4 % of their weight at 500 °C during the water vapor adsorption stage in temperature programmed water absorption experiment, which showed a considerable water adsorption capacity. Such a hygroscopicity could promote the catalytic methanol steam reforming and CO elimination. And metallic Cu has also been widely applied for the methanol steam reforming reaction due to their high activity and carbon resistance. The synergy of metallic Cu nanoparticles and perovskite substrate with more oxygen vacancies and well hydroscopicity improved the structural stability and ensured the catalytic activity of RBZCYCu catalysts.
Unveiling the Ultrafast Electron Transfer Dynamics in Epitaxial Dodecahedron CsPbBr3/Au Heterostructure
Authors: Samanta Samaresh , Babu Kaliyamoorthy Justice , Shukla Ayushi , Kaur Gurpreet , Kaur Arshdeep , Ghosh Hirendra N.
Published: December 2023

Epitaxial perovskite heterostructures consisting noble metal nanoparticles have been received immense interest in hot carrier photovoltaic devices and photocatalysis. The major understanding of carrier extraction across the interface of perovskite heterostructure have shown exciting interest for next generation device applications. In the present study, dodecahedron CsPbBr3/Au heterostructure was synthesized via hot injection method. From HR‐TEM images, we observed direct epitaxial growth between (110) plane of CsPbBr3 and (111) plane of Au nanoparticle (NPs), which was further supported by steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence studies. Further, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy has been utilized to understand the charge transfer dynamics of synthesized samples. In CsPbBr3/Au heterostructure, faster recovery has been noticed than that of pristine CsPbBr3, which clearly suggests transfer of electrons from the conduction band of CsPbBr3 to Au NPs. The distinct fast electron transfer in the CsPbBr3/Au heterostructure can be mainly ascribed to the epitaxial growth and strong electronic coupling between CsPbBr3 and Au NPs. The reduced bleach intensity, faster bleach growth and recovery kinetics strongly suggest efficient electron transfer from CsPbBr3 NCs to Au NPs. These findings clearly establish that architecture of metal and perovskite heterostructures may pave way to develop suitable alternative for highly efficient photovoltaic devices and photocatalysis applications.
A reconfigurable wideband MIMO antenna combines RF energy harvesting
Authors: Das Puja , Karmakar Anirban
Published: December 2023

This article introduces a novel and groundbreaking approach combining multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) technology with radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting. The proposed antenna consists of two semi‐circular monopole antenna components, optimized with dimensions of 89 × 51.02 × 1.6 mm3, that share a common ground plane to achieve MIMO characteristics. A series of split‐ring resonators on the ground plane significantly enhances the isolation between the two radiating components. Band‐notched features are performed in the 3.5 GHz WiMAX and 5.5 GHz WLAN bands through modified C‐shaped slots in the radiating patch and two rectangular split‐ring resonators serving as parasitic devices near the feed line. The reconfiguration of band‐notching is made possible by controlling the modes of the embedded PIN diodes. The two antenna elements maintain mutual coupling below −18 dB from 1.5–13 GHz, achieving an impressive 158.62% impedance bandwidth. The antenna's efficiency and gain experience significant drop, indicating effective interference suppression at the center frequencies of the notch bands, and its performance in MIMO systems is assessed through parameters including envelope correlation coefficient, port isolation, radiation patterns, efficiency, gain, and diversity gain. The simulated properties of the designed antenna closely align with the measured outcomes, demonstrating its reliability and consistency. Moreover, the article evaluates the antenna's potential for RF energy harvesting, achieving a maximum harvested energy of 4.88 V. This proposed antenna can be used in multiple applications, like wideband, band‐notching MIMO, and RF energy harvesting. This proposed antenna is an efficient, reconfigurable wideband MIMO antenna with novel RF energy harvesting capability.