bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MADYS: the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars
Authors: Squicciarini V. , Bonavita M.
Published: August 2022

Context. The unrivalled astrometric and photometric capabilities of the Gaia mission have given new impetus to the study of young stars: both from an environmental perspective, as members of comoving star-forming regions, and from an individual perspective, as targets amenable to planet-hunting direct-imaging observations.

Aims. In view of the large availability of theoretical evolutionary models, both fields would benefit from a unified framework that allows a straightforward comparison of physical parameters obtained by different stellar and substellar models.

Methods. To this aim, we developed the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars (madys), a flexible Python tool for the age and mass determination of young stellar and substellar objects. In this first release, madys automatically retrieves and crossmatches photometry from several catalogs, estimates interstellar extinction, and derives age and mass estimates for individual objects through isochronal fitting.

Results. Harmonizing the heterogeneity of publicly available isochrone grids, the tool allows one to choose amongst 17 models, many of which with customizable astrophysical parameters, for a total of ~110 isochrone grids. Several dedicated plotting functions are provided to allow for an intuitive visual perception of the numerical output.

Conclusions. After extensive testing, we have made the tool publicly available. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of madys, summarizing previously published results as well providing several new examples.
Monte Carlo radiative transfer with explicit absorption to simulate absorption, scattering, and stimulated emission
Authors: Baes Maarten , Camps Peter , Matsumoto Kosei
Published: August 2022

Context. The Monte Carlo method is probably the most widely used approach to solve the radiative transfer problem, especially in a general 3D geometry. The physical processes of emission, absorption, and scattering are easily incorporated in the Monte Carlo framework. Net stimulated emission, or absorption with a negative cross section, does not fit this method, however.

Aims. We explore alterations to the standard photon packet life cycle in Monte Carlo radiative transfer that allow the treatment of net stimulated emission without loss of generality or efficiency.

Methods. We present the explicit absorption technique that allows net stimulated emission to be handled efficiently. It uses the scattering rather than the extinction optical depth along a photon packet’s path to randomly select the next interaction location, and offers a separate, deterministic treatment of absorption. We implemented the technique in a special-purpose Monte Carlo code for a two-stream 1D radiative transfer problem and in the fully featured 3D code SKIRT, and we studied its overall performance using quantitative statistical tests.

Results. Our special-purpose code is capable of recovering the analytical solutions to the two-stream problem in all regimes, including the one of strong net stimulated emission. The implementation in SKIRT is straightforward, as the explicit absorption technique easily combines with the variance reduction and acceleration techniques already incorporated. In general, explicit absorption tends to improve the efficiency of the Monte Carlo routine in the regime of net absorption.

Conclusions. Explicit absorption allows the treatment of net stimulated emission in Monte Carlo radiative transfer, it interfaces smoothly with other variance reduction and acceleration techniques, and it tends to improve the efficiency of the simulations in the net absorption regime. We recommend to always include this new technique in Monte Carlo radiative transfer.
Trends in harnessing energy from waste biomass: pathways & future potential
Authors: Raina Neelu , Sriariyanun Malinee , Areeya Sukanya , Pathak Atin Kumar , Slathia Garima , Saraswat Himanshu
Published: August 2022

Demand for fuel energy is continually on the rise. There is also a constant challenge involved to ensure that all our energy needs are fulfilled. Persistent overconsumption of conventional fossil fuels due to the rise in global population aided by economic expansion has resulted in reduction of fossil fuel reserves. This has fuelled the need to boost research efforts on renewable and sustainable bioenergy feedstocks. Since bioenergy utilizes organic matter; therefore, it is an economically viable and clean solution, which can minimize our reliance on non-renewable resources. The bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass to produce bio-based products under biorefinery setup is gaining global attention. The main challenge however remains to strike a balance between energy harvesting and economic viability with minimum environmental impacts. The development of zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefinery aligns completely with the idea of sustainable development without increasing carbon footprint. This concept is self-sustainable. It also advocates re-usage or recycling of waste; of which using lignocellulosic biomass waste is a major thrust. Improving the techno-economic efficiency of currently employed pretreatment methods and looking for combined pretreatment strategies will prove to be a stepping stone in the commercialization of zero-waste lignocellulosic biorefineries. This review investigates the most widespread pretreatment types, highlighs their advantages/disadvantages, and reviews the current status and technological advances in the bioconversion process of LCB into bioenergy in a biorefinery set-up.
Dilute inorganic acid pretreatment of mixed residues of Cocos nucifera (coconut) for recovery of reducing sugar: optimization studies
Authors: Gundupalli Paulraj Marttin , Sriariyanun Malinee , Bhattacharyya Debraj
Published: August 2022

Inorganic acids, such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid are widely used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production. In this study, the effect of different acids on the recovery of reducing sugar from coconut residues (coir and pith) mixed in different ratios was studied. The pretreatment conditions for different acids were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables, such as biomass ratio, time and acid concentration were considered for the optimization studies with reducing sugar as the dependent variable. The maximum recovery of reducing sugar (45%) from mixed biomass was observed during nitric acid (NA) pretreatment. The recovery of reducing sugar was lower for hydrochloric acid (HA) and sulphuric acid (SA). The lower yield was attributed to the possible formation of sugar degradation compounds during acid pretreatment. Therefore, NA pretreatment was found suitable for mixed biomass compared to other acids. Further studies are required to understand the effect of NA pretreatment through a detailed study of liquid hydrolysate and the introduction of the saccharification process. Mixed biomass benefits the biorefinery industries for sustainable bioenergy production.
Pasting Property of Jasmine Rice Flour, Quality and Sensory Evaluation of Gluten-Free Rice Penne as Affected by Protein and Hydrocolloid Addition
Authors: Detchewa Pakkawat , Pongkanpai Viboon , Maneewong Chutamas , Phungamngoen Chanthima , Moongngarm Anuchita
Published: August 2022

Jasmine rice flour (JMRF) is one of the most popularly consumed rice products in Thailand but applications to prepare gluten-free pasta are limited as JMRF amylose content is low. This research was carried out to develop JMRF suitable for gluten-free rice pasta (penne) (GFRP) by adding soy protein isolate (SPI, 5%), egg white protein powder (EW, 5%) and hydrocolloids (guar gum, GG and xanthan gum, XG, 1%). JMRF blended with proteins and hydrocolloids was investigated for pasting properties. JMRF blended with EW and SPI with GG showed the highest peak viscosity, whereas setback values observed in JMRF blended with EW and GG or XG were not significantly different. GFRP was prepared and determined for protein content, color and sensory evaluation. The protein content of GFRP with SPI blended with GG and XG ranged from 10.50 to 10.95% is higher than GFRP with EW and penne without SPI or EW (control). GFRP with SPI had higher yellowness than GFRP with EW. Adding SPI, EW and gums reduced cooking loss, while sensory evaluation showed a higher liking score for GFRP with SPI and GG than GFRP with EW. Results suggested that adding SPI and GG to JMRF improved pasting properties, protein content, color and acceptance. GFRP showed promise as a new alternative sustainable source to replace wheat in pasta products. However, characteristics, such as product chemical composition, texture analysis and nutritional benefits require further evaluation.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) from different growth periods
Authors: Tachabenjarong Nattapat , Rungsardthong Vilai , Ruktanonchi Uracha , Poodchakarn Somrerk , Thumthanaruk Benjawan , Vatanyoopaisarn Savitri , Suttisintong Khomson , Iempridee Tawin , Uttapap Dudsadee
Published: August 2022

Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) is one of the most popularly edible and medicinal mushrooms. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the relationship between growth period and bioactive content in the mushroom. The objectives of this research were to study bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Lion’s Mane mushroom at various growth periods. The mushroom was cultivated and harvested at growth periods of 14, 21, and 28-days. The samples were dried by lyophilization and extracted with ethanol. Bioactive compounds (ergosterol, hericenone C, and hericene A), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of the samples were analyzed. HPLC analysis demonstrated the highest concentration of ergosterol, hericenone C and hericene A in the 14-days, 21-days, and 28-days samples, respectively. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the dried sample were not statistically significant different (p>0.05). The 21-days sample showed higher activity than the 14-days and 28-days samples for both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. In conclusion, the 14-days sample showed the highest concentrations of bioactive compounds, while the 21-days sample showed the highest yield and antioxidant activity. The 28-days sample exhibited a change in morphology and color. This study demonstrates that the growth periods of Lion’s Mane mushroom play a role in their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. Finally, the correlation of growth periods to the content of other bioactive compounds can be used for mushroom cultivation and applications in foods, food supplements and cosmetics.
Optimal Control Virtual Inertia of Optical Storage Microgrid Based on Improved Sailfish Algorithm
Authors: LIAO Hongfei , ZENG Guohui , HUANG Bo , MA Chi , CHEN Gong , ZHAO Jinbin
Published: August 2022

The optical storage microgrid system composed of power electronic converters is a small inertia system. Load switching and power supply intermittent will affect the stability of the direct current (DC) bus voltage. Aiming at this problem, a virtual inertia optimal control strategy applied to optical storage microgrid is proposed. Firstly, a small signal model of the system is established to theoretically analyze the influence of virtual inertia and damping coefficient on DC bus voltage and to obtain the constraint range of virtual inertia and damping coefficient; Secondly, aiming at the defect that the Sailfish optimization algorithm is easy to premature maturity, a Sailfish optimization algorithm based on the leak-proof net and the cross-mutation propagation mechanism is proposed; Finally, the virtual inertia and damping coefficient of the system are optimized by the improved Sailfish algorithm to obtain the best control parameters. The simulation results in Matlab/Simulink show that the virtual inertia control optimized by the improved Sailfish algorithm improves the system inertia as well as the dynamic response and robustness of the DC bus voltage.
Der Atmungstherapeut in der Neurologie – Ein Blick auf das Berufsbild und ein Ausblick in die Zukunft
Authors: Hornemann Donatha , Marquardt Claudia , Sugg Joachim , Haack Christiane , Rameil Petra , Fülöpp Zsolt , Buss Judith , Weigel Anette , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Summ Oliver , Groß Martin
Published: August 2022

Die Qualifikation des Atmungstherapeuten wird von Pflegekräften und Therapeuten durch eine ca. 1,5jährige qualifizierende Weiterbildung erworben. Die Leistungen der Atmungstherapeuten in Bezug auf neurologische Erkrankungen umfassen die Diagnostik und die Therapie von Störungen der Atmung, des Hustens und des Schluckens sowie das Sekretmanagement. Der Bedarf an Atmungstherapeuten in der Neurologie steigt stetig, und sie werden insbesondere in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation eingesetzt. Die 2021 eingeführte Zertifizierung von „Zentren für Beatmungsentwöhnung in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation“ durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation umfasst den Einsatz von Atmungstherapeuten als Zertifizierungskriterium. Atmungstherapeuten arbeiten in neurologischen Organisationseinheiten der Versorgung von Schwer- und Schwerstkranken an einer wichtigen interdisziplinären Schnittstelle zwischen ärztlichem, pflegerischem und therapeutischem Team. Sie können die Schulung von Teams, Patienten, Angehörigen und persönlichen Assistenten übernehmen und die Etablierung von Versorgungsstrukturen für neurologisch schwer- und schwerstkranke Patienten unterstützen. Die Tätigkeit in neurologischen Einrichtungen erfordert angesichts der Komplexität der dort behandelten Krankheitsbilder allerdings eine spezifische Qualifizierung der dort tätigen Atmungstherapeuten. Die Professionalisierung des Berufsbilds kann durch den Abgleich der Curricula zwischen den verschiedenen Bildungsanbietern, die Einführung von Zusatzqualifikationen wie „Neurologie und Neurorehabilitation“, die Gründung einer eigenständigen Fachgesellschaft und die Akademisierung gefördert werden.
Management of the Hostile Abdomen
Authors: Lundy Megan , Ashburn Jean H.
Published: August 2022

Caring for a patient with a hostile abdomen is one of the most challenging clinical situations one can encounter. It requires specialized technical skill coupled with bold but thoughtful decision-making to achieve good outcomes. An approach to the patient with a complex, hostile abdomen must be individualized to account for the patient's personal details. However, implementing an experienced-based algorithm to help make the difficult decisions required in this setting can be helpful, as evidence-based studies are few. The purpose of this review is to provide a structured, evidence, and experienced-based approach to the challenges that the surgeon encounters when faced with a patient with a hostile abdomen, and to discuss perioperative and intraoperative surgical strategies that can lead to most successful outcomes.
Effective modeling of physical systems with fractional statistics
Authors: Sobko Bohdana , Rovenchak Andrij
Published: August 2022

We consider two examples of real physical systems approximately described using fractional nonadditive Polychronakos statistics. The values of two statistics parameters are linked to properties of modeled systems using virial expansion. For a two-dimensional Fermi gas with contact interactions, accuracy up to the third virial coefficient is achieved. An approach to model the second virial coefficient of non-Abelian soft-core anyons is analyzed in detail.
Features of the propagation of phonons in graphene nanostructures. Fast high-frequency phonons in a quasi-flexural mode
Authors: Feodosyev S. B. , Gospodarev I. A. , Sirenko V. A. , Syrkin E. S. , Bondar I. S. , Minakova K. A.
Published: August 2022

The character of propagation in graphene nanostructures of quasi-flexural phonons, whose dispersion law differs from that of sound, is analyzed. Based on the calculation of the frequency dependences of the group velocities and the values of the path of quasiparticles for one period of oscillation, the frequency intervals are established at which: i) phonons propagate freely along all directions of reciprocal space—the propagon zone; ii) phonon propagation along some directions is impossible—diffuse zone; iii) phonons are localized at the nodes of the honeycomb lattice—the locon zone. A comparison is made with a similar classification of phonons in a three-dimensional crystal of cubic symmetry.
Multi-wavelength crosstalk-free velocimetry demonstration and uncertainties
Authors: Barbarin Yohan , Le Blanc Gaël , Roudot Marie , Luc Jérôme
Published: August 2022

Multiplexed photonic Doppler velocimetry is required to measure 2D surface velocities of novel materials in shock physics experiments. Very close measurements lead to crosstalk issues, which can be fixed by wavelength multiplexing. The benefits of our 16 wavelengths photonic Doppler velocimetry system over conventional systems are demonstrated here. First, a dedicated crosstalk comparative experiment has been carried out using a high-pulsed-power generator at about 80 m/s. Second, velocity uncertainties are discussed with 16 wavelengths measuring the same point in an experiment at 130 m/s.
A singular paramagnetic susceptibility peak in a WSe2/MoSe2 chemical bonding structure
Authors: Huang Shiu-Ming , Wang Pin-Cing , Cheng Fu-En
Published: August 2022

The magnetic characteristics of 1:1 WSe2 and MoSe2 mixed single crystal powder with and without thermal annealing process were studied. Scanning electron microscopy images and Raman spectroscopy support that the WSe2 and MoSe2 are chemically bound at the WSe2 and MoSe2 boundary after the thermal annealing process. Our sample also exhibits the hysteresis loop and splitting of magnetic moment at zero field cooling and field cooling precesses in the chemically bound system. In contrast, all these characteristics are not detected in the unannealed mixed WSe2 and MoSe2 crystal powder. Temperature independent singular paramagnetic peaks are only detected in the WSe2 and MoSe2 mixed single crystal powder with thermal annealing. These results support that the temperature independent singular paramagnetic susceptibility peaks should originate from the intrinsic lattice mismatch induced ferromagnetism.
Experimental research on a novel C-band compact transit-time oscillator with low guiding magnetic field
Authors: Ling Junpu , He Yufang , He Juntao , Deng Xiaobo , Song Lili
Published: August 2022

Compactness and miniaturization are important development directions of high-power microwave sources at present. In the previous simulation research, we proposed a compact C-band transit-time oscillator with a low external guiding magnetic field. In order to verify whether the device can be better applied to practice, we have carried out experimental research on the device. With a diode voltage of 570 kV, current of 11.5 kA, and external guiding magnetic field of 0.35 T, the output microwave pulse of 1.3 GW is obtained at 4.3 GHz. The power conversion efficiency is about 20%. By observing the fluorescent screen imaging and the far-field pattern in the experiment, it can be seen that the working mode of the device is relatively stable. The experimental results show that the device has the ability to output GW-level C-band high-power microwave under a low external guiding magnetic field.
Significant performance and stability improvement of low-voltage InZnO thin-film transistors by slight La doping
Authors: Cai Wensi , Li Mengchao , Li Haiyun , Qian Qingkai , Zang Zhigang
Published: August 2022

Low-voltage, solution-processed oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) have shown great potential in next-generation low-power, printable electronics. However, it is now still quite challenging to obtain low-voltage oxide TFTs with both high mobility and stability, especially for solution-processed ones. In this work, La-doped InZnO (IZO:La) channel for high performance and stable TFTs is developed using a simple solution process. The effects of La composition in IZO:La on the film and TFT performance are systematically investigated. It is confirmed that the incorporation of appropriate La could control the carrier concentration, improve the surface morphology, and passivate the oxygen-related defects, leading to a reduced trap density both at dielectric/channel interface and within the channel layer. As a result, the optimized TFTs with 1% La dopants exhibit the best overall performance, including a low operating voltage of 1 V, a high mobility of 14.5 cm2/V s, a low subthreshold swing of 109 mV/dec, a turn-on voltage close to 0 V, and negligible changes of performance under both positive and negative bias stresses. This work might support the development of all-solution-processed oxide TFT backplanes for battery-powered active-matrix displays.
Anti-Kasha emissions of single molecules in a plasmonic nanocavity
Authors: Imada Hiroshi , Imai-Imada Miyabi , Ouyang Xingmei , Muranaka Atsuya , Kim Yousoo
Published: August 2022

Kasha’s rule generally holds true for solid-state molecular systems, where the rates of internal conversion and vibrational relaxation are sufficiently higher than the luminescence rate. In contrast, in systems where plasmons and matter interact strongly, the luminescence rate is significantly enhanced, leading to the emergence of luminescence that does not obey Kasha’s rule. In this work, we investigate the anti-Kasha emissions of single molecules, free-base and magnesium naphthalocyanine (H2Nc and MgNc), in a plasmonic nanocavity formed between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and metal substrate. A narrow-line tunable laser was employed to precisely reveal the excited-state levels of a single molecule located under the tip and to selectively excite it into a specific excited state, followed by obtaining a STM-photoluminescence (STM-PL) spectrum to reveal the energy relaxation from the state. The excitation to higher-lying states of H2Nc caused various changes in the emission spectrum, such as broadening and the appearance of new peaks, implying the breakdown of Kasha’s rule. These observations indicate emissions from the vibrationally excited states in the first singlet excited state (S1) and second singlet excited state (S2), as well as internal conversion from S2 to S1. Moreover, we obtained direct evidence of electronic and vibronic transitions from the vibrationally excited states, from the STM-PL measurements of MgNc. The results obtained herein shed light on the energy dynamics of molecular systems under a plasmonic field and highlight the possibility of obtaining various energy-converting functions using anti-Kasha processes.
Leveraging the sampling efficiency of RE-EDS in OpenMM using a shifted reaction-field with an atom-based cutoff
Authors: Rieder Salomé R. , Ries Benjamin , Kubincová Alžbeta , Champion Candide , Barros Emilia P. , Hünenberger Philippe H. , Riniker Sereina
Published: August 2022

Replica-exchange enveloping distribution sampling (RE-EDS) is a pathway-independent multistate free-energy method currently implemented in the GROMOS software package for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It has a high intrinsic sampling efficiency as the interactions between the unperturbed particles have to be calculated only once for multiple end-states. As a result, RE-EDS is an attractive method for the calculation of relative solvation and binding free energies. An essential requirement for reaching this high efficiency is the separability of the nonbonded interactions into solute–solute, solute–environment, and environment–environment contributions. Such a partitioning is trivial when using a Coulomb term with a reaction-field (RF) correction to model the electrostatic interactions but not when using lattice-sum schemes. To avoid cutoff artifacts, the RF correction is typically used in combination with a charge-group-based cutoff, which is not supported by most small-molecule force fields as well as other MD engines. To address this issue, we investigate the combination of RE-EDS simulations with a recently introduced RF scheme including a shifting function that enables the rigorous calculation of RF electrostatics with atom-based cutoffs. The resulting approach is validated by calculating solvation free energies with the generalized AMBER force field in water and chloroform using both the GROMOS software package and a proof-of-concept implementation in OpenMM.
The impact of telehealth policy changes on general practitioner consultation activity in Australia: a time-series analysis
Authors: De Guzman Keshia R. , Snoswell Centaine L. , Smith Anthony C.
Published: August 2022

Objective To examine the impact of telehealth policy changes on general practitioner (GP) consultation activity in Australia, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, from January 2019 to December 2021. Methods An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted to analyse the impact of two major policy changes, introduced through the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), on GP consultation (in-person, videoconference, telephone) activity. The first policy change was the introduction of additional COVID-19 telehealth funding through the MBS on 30 March 2020. The second policy change was the limitation on telephone consultation length to under 20 min on 1 July 2021. The rate of GP telehealth provision and activity was compared between pre-and post-intervention periods, separated by these MBS policy changes. Results After the first policy change, there was a significant increase in telehealth provision, with a simultaneous decrease in in-person consultations (P < 0.0001). However, telehealth provision decreased in the months following this first policy change (P < 0.0001), while in-person activity increased. After the second policy change, the initial videoconference provision increased (P < 0.0001). However, all telehealth activity decreased afterwards. In the months following the second policy change, the decrease in monthly activity for in-person (P = 0.700), telephone (0.199) and videoconference (P = 0.178) consultations was not significant. Conclusions The introduction of additional telehealth funding and limitations on telephone consultation length encouraged the initial provision and growth of telehealth services. However, these policy changes did not sustain the long-term upward trajectory of telehealth activity. Telehealth policies should increase opportunities for appropriate and sustainable GP telehealth services.
Robustness of DNA looping across multiple cell divisions in individual bacteria
Authors: Chang Chang , Garcia-Alcala Mayra , Saiz Leonor , Vilar Jose M. G. , Cluzel Philippe
Published: August 2022

DNA looping has emerged as a central paradigm of transcriptional regulation, as it is shared across many living systems. One core property of DNA looping–based regulation is its ability to greatly enhance repression or activation of genes with only a few copies of transcriptional regulators. However, this property based on a small number of proteins raises the question of the robustness of such a mechanism with respect to the large intracellular perturbations taking place during growth and division of the cell. Here we address the issue of sensitivity to variations of intracellular parameters of gene regulation by DNA looping. We use the
lac
system as a prototype to experimentally identify the key features of the robustness of DNA looping in growing
Escherichia coli
cells. Surprisingly, we observe time intervals of tight repression spanning across division events, which can sometimes exceed 10 generations. Remarkably, the distribution of such long time intervals exhibits memoryless statistics that is mostly insensitive to repressor concentration, cell division events, and the number of distinct loops accessible to the system. By contrast, gene regulation becomes highly sensitive to these perturbations when DNA looping is absent. Using stochastic simulations, we propose that the observed robustness to division emerges from the competition between fast, multiple rebinding events of repressors and slow initiation rate of the RNA polymerase. We argue that fast rebinding events are a direct consequence of DNA looping that ensures robust gene repression across a range of intracellular perturbations.
Neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX3 mediates seizures via regulating
Vamp1
expression preferentially in NPY-expressing GABAergic neurons
Authors: Huang De-Fong , Lee Chih-Yu , Chou Ming-Yi , Yang Tzu-Yin , Cao Xuhui , Hsiao Yu-Hsuan , Wu Rui-Ni , Lien Cheng-Chang , Huang Yi-Shuian , Huang Hsiang-Po , Gau Susan Shur-Fen , Huang Hsien-Sung
Published: August 2022

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, which has been linked to mutations or deletions of RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (
Caenorhabditis elegans
) 3 (
RBFOX3
)/
NeuN
, a neuronal splicing regulator. However, the mechanism of seizure mediation by RBFOX3 remains unknown. Here, we show that mice with deletion of
Rbfox3
in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic neurons exhibit spontaneous seizures and high premature mortality due to increased presynaptic release, postsynaptic potential, neuronal excitability, and synaptic transmission in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs). Attenuating early excitatory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) action by administering bumetanide, an inhibitor of early GABA depolarization, rescued premature mortality.
Rbfox3
deletion reduced hippocampal expression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1), a GABAergic neuron-specific presynaptic protein. Postnatal restoration of VAMP1 rescued premature mortality and neuronal excitability in DGGCs. Furthermore,
Rbfox3
deletion in GABAergic neurons showed fewer neuropeptide Y (NPY)–expressing GABAergic neurons. In addition, deletion of
Rbfox3
in NPY-expressing GABAergic neurons lowered intrinsic excitability and increased seizure susceptibility. Our results establish RBFOX3 as a critical regulator and possible treatment path for epilepsy.
Detecting gravitomagnetism with space-based gravitational wave observatories
Authors: Tartaglia A , Bassan M , Pucacco G , Ferroni V , Vetrugno D
Published: August 2022

We discuss the idea of a measurement that, making use of data from space interferometers, could detect the gravito-magnetic field generated by the rotation of the Milky Way, including the possible contribution of the dark matter halo. The galactic signal would be superposed to the gravito-magnetic field of the Sun. The proposed technique is based on the asymmetric propagation of light along the closed contour of the space interferometer, in a Sagnac-like approach. We discuss the principles of detection as well as some practical aspects of the proposed experiment using, as a case study, LISA, the most mature project to date. Both gravito-magnetic signals will be modulated thanks to the annual oscillation of the plane of the interferometer with respect to the galactic plane and to the spin axis of the Sun. Although larger than the detector intrinsic noise, these signals will be superposed to a much larger kinematic modulation due to orbital motion, making them very hard to be observed. We also mention a second phenomenon, where the gravito-magnetic field rotates the polarization of the propagating electromagnetic beams: the effect will be present in LISA, although exceedingly small and out of reach of present technology.
PECVD-derived graphene saturable absorber mirror for 2.8 μm pulsed Er:ZBLAN fiber laser
Authors: Jin Mingyang , Chang Kaili , Li Chunqiu , Zhang Ruifeng , Li Zenghui , Wang Xi , Chen Ke
Published: August 2022

Graphene has been emerging as an ideal mid-infrared saturable absorber (SA) due to its broadband absorption, ultrafast nonlinear optical response, high stability and thermal tolerance. However, the current routes (e.g. chemical vapor deposition and spin coating) for constructing graphene SAs are suffering from the limited flexibility in substrate choice and the introduction of impurities during the transfer process, resulting in poor film quality and unstable laser modulation. Here, we demonstrate a high-quality graphene SA mirror (GSAM) grown directly on calcium fluoride (CaF2) substrate by a low-temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method for mid-infrared pulse modulation. The controllable growth of high-quality graphene film on the nickel-modified CaF2 substrate is realized by adjusting the growth time and hydrocarbon ratio during PECVD process. Consequently, the GSAM shows excellent nonlinear optical absorption with the modulation depth of 11.2%. By inserting the GSAM into the Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, a stable passive Q-switched (QS) operation can be achieved with an average output power of 142 mW and a pulse width of 300.2 ns. The slope efficiency of QS laser is up to 17.4% and the peak power is 7.76 W. Our strategy paves the way for developing high quality and modulation stability GSAM towards industrial applications of pulsed mid-infrared lasers.
2D solar cell with record high power conversion efficiency based on low-symmetry IV-V2 bilayer heterostructure
Authors: Feng Leihao , Zhang Xi , Nie Ya , Xiang Gang
Published: August 2022

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) low-symmetry orthorhombic IV-V2 bilayer heterostructures (HSs) were investigated using first-principles calculations. Our data show that all the constructed bilayer HSs (SiAs2/GeAs2, SiAs2/SiP2 and SiP2/GeAs2) are stabilized by van der Waals interaction. The IV-V2 bilayer HSs exhibit strong visible light absorption and type-II band alignments, which are beneficial for the effective separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs in solar cells. Notably, the 2D SiAs2/GeAs2 HS-based solar cell exhibits a record-high power conversion efficiency (23.98%) higher than those of previously-reported 2D HSs-based solar cells obtained by high-throughput computational screening, owing to its small conduction band offset (0.2 eV) and suitable bandgap (1.49 eV). Our results provide insights into the structures and electronic and photovoltaic properties of the IV-V2 bilayer HSs and may be useful for related 2D solar cell applications.
Study of incomplete fusion reaction dynamics for the system 14N + 169Tm using the forward Recoil Range distribution technique
Authors: Kumar S , Giri Pankaj K , Kumar R , Yadav Abhishek , Ali Rahbar , Appannababu S , Agarwal Avinash , Mukherjee S , Singh Pushpendra P , Sharma Vijay R , Singh B P , Dutt Sunil
Published: August 2022

Studies in the past have demonstrated that complete fusion and incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics are both significant just above the Coulomb barrier, yet the dynamics of ICF are elusive since they are so complex below 10 MeV/nucleon. In order to investigate low-energy ICF dynamics, we measured the forward recoil range distribution (FRRD) of evaporation residues (ERs) populated in the system 14N + 169Tm at energy ≈5.9 MeV/nucleon. A stack target-catcher activation technique followed by offline-γ-spectroscopy was used to estimate the FRRD of the ERs. In order to investigate a new parameter for describing ICF dynamics, the ICF fraction (F
ICF(%)) for the present system was estimated from the range-integrated cross-sections and compared with other systems in the literature. The FRRD and range integrated cross-sections of seven ERs have been estimated experimentally. These cross-section results agree well with the experimental results obtained from the excitation functions. On re-investigation of entrance channel systematics for Q

α
-value of projectile, mass-asymmetry (μ
MA), and Coulomb factor (Z
P
Z
T), it has been found that the Q

α
-value systematic for 14N is not valid at all projectile energies. The FRRD measurement is one of the direct methods available to probe the complete and ICF contributions in ERs at low projectile energy. It has also been observed that the dynamics of ICF are not only dependent on the parameters of one entrance channel but on multiple entrance channels. We have also introduced the entrance channel parameter zeta (ζ) for the first time in ICF reactions to see the combined effect of mass-asymmetry (μ
MA) and Z
P
Z
T, as this parameter is better suited than μ
MA and Z
P
Z
T individually and has a linear dependency on F
ICF(%).
Pressure-induced structural phase transition of vanadium: a revisit from the perspective of ensemble theory
Authors: Ning Bo-Yuan , Ning Xi-Jing
Published: August 2022

For realistic crystals, the free energy strictly formulated in ensemble theory can hardly be obtained because of the difficulty in solving the high-dimension integral of the partition function, the dilemma of which makes it even a doubt if the rigorous ensemble theory is applicable to phase transitions of condensed matters. In the present work, the partition function of crystal vanadium under compression up to 320 GPa at room temperature is solved by an approach developed very recently, and the derived equation of state is in a good agreement with all the experimental measurements, especially the latest one covering the widest pressure range up to 300 GPa. Furthermore, the derived Gibbs free energy proves the very argument to understand most of the experiments reported in the past decade on the pressure-induced phase transition, and, especially, a novel phase transition sequence concerning three different phases observed very recently and the measured angles of two phases agree with our theoretical results excellently.
Reproduction of the acoustic effect of the Kukulkan pyramid by delay effect in DAW
Authors: Vizcaino Arevalo Diego Fabian , Castiblanco Abril Olga Lucia
Published: August 2022

The Mayan city of Chichen Itza is full of legends and mysticism. There, in the temple of Kukulkan, in front of a great pyramid with 91 central staircases, an interesting physical-acoustic phenomenon occurs that has fed mythical stories attributed to the Mayas. When clapping your hands in front of the steps, the echo sounds very different from the sound emitted: The echo presents a ‘tonality’ that resembles a kind of bird chirping (chirp) which is said to be the response of the Quetzal, sacred bird of the Mayas. Earlier work has discussed the convolution method to find a simulation of the spectrum of the echo sound captured at Kukulkan. In this article we are going to present an analysis of the reflected sound using the wave superposition method, and thus obtain a sound with musical ‘Pitch’ as a result of the superposition of multiple reflections of a percussive sound, using the AUDACITY audio software, as demonstrated in the supplementary material.
Microdosimetric investigation for multi-ion therapy by means of silicon on insulator (SOI) microdosimeter
Authors: Sakata Dousatsu , Lee Sung Hyun , Tran Linh T , Pan Vladimir , Nakaji Taku , Mizuno Hideyuki , Kok Angela , Povoli Marco , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Inaniwa Taku
Published: August 2022

Objective. Ion radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions is one of the most advanced clinical methods for cancer treatment. To further improve the local tumor control, ion radiotherapy using multiple ion species has been investigated. Due to complexity of dose distributions delivered by multi-ion therapy in a tumor, a validation strategy for the planned treatment efficacy must be established that can be potentially used in the quality assurance (QA) protocol for the multi-ion treatment plans. In previous work, we demonstrated that the microdosimetric approach using the silicon on insulator (SOI) microdosimeter is practical for validating cell surviving fraction (SF) of MIA PaCa-2 cells in the independent fields of helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ion beams. Approach. This paper extends the previous study, and we demonstrate a microdosimetry based approach as a pilot study to build the QA protocol in the multi-ion therapy predicting the cell SF along the spread-out Bragg peak obtained by combined irradiations of He+O and C+Ne ions. Across the study, the SOI microdosimeter system MicroPlus was used for measurement of the lineal energy in individual ion fields followed by deriving the lineal energy of combined ion fields delivered by a pencil beam scanning system at HIMAC. Main results. The predicted cell SF based on derived lineal energy and dose in the combined fields was in good agreement with the planned cell SF by our in-house treatment planning system. Significance. The presented results indicated the potential benefit of the SOI microdosimeter system MicroPlus as the QA system in the multi-ion radiotherapy.
Sources of automatic office blood pressure measurement error: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Jian , Li Yumin , Li Jianqing , Zheng Dingchang , Liu Chengyu
Published: August 2022

Objective: Accurate and reliable blood pressure (BP) measurement is important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The oscillometric-based automatic office blood pressure measurement (AOBPM) is widely used in hospitals and clinics, but measurement errors are common in BP measurements. There is a lack of systematic review of the sources of measurement errors. Approach: A systematic review of all existing research on sources of AOBPM errors. A search strategy was designed in six online databases, and all the literature published before October 2021 was selected. Those studies that used the AOBPM device to measure BP from the upper arm of subjects were included. Main results: A total of 1365 studies were screened, and 224 studies were included in this final review. They investigated 22 common error sources with clinical AOBPM. Regarding the causes of BP errors, this review divided them into the following categories: the activities before measurement, patient’s factors, measurement environment, measurement procedure, and device settings. 13 sources caused increased systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), 2 sources caused the decrease in SBP and DBP, only 1 source had no significant effect on BPs, and the other errors had a non-uniform effect (either increase or decrease in BPs). The error ranges for SBP and DBP were −14 to 33 mmHg and −6 to 19 mmHg, respectively. Significance: The measurement accuracy of AOBPM is susceptible to the influence of measurement factors. Interpreting BP readings need to be treated with caution in clinical measurements. This review made comprehensive evidence for the need for standardized BP measurements and provided guidance for clinical practitioners when measuring BP with AOBPM devices.
A novel optimum variation lateral doping SiC lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor with improved performance
Authors: Kong Moufu , Duan Yuanmiao , Gao Jiacheng , Yan Ronghe , Zhang Bingke , Yang Hongqiang
Published: August 2022

In thsi paper a novel optimum variation lateral doping 4H-SiC lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) field-effect transistor with improved performance is proposed and numerically simulated. For the proposed 4H-SiC LDMOS, an optimized three-stage variation of lateral doping (VLD) p-top layer is employed in the drift region; thus the doping concentration of the n-drift region can be significantly increased, resulting an ultra-low specific resistance (R
on,sp). The breakdown voltage (BV) is also improved, since the electric field distribution of the drift region is optimized. The current saturation characteristic, gate–drain capacitance (C
GD) and gate-to-drain charge (Q
gd) of the proposed device are all improved, thanks to the effect of the source-connected p-top region. Compared with a conventional LDMOS, the numerical simulation results show that the BV, R
on,sp and Q
gd of the proposed LDMOS are improved by more than 11.9%, 47.3% and 46.3%, respectively. The three-dimensional simulation result indicates that the entire three-stage p-top VLD layer can be produced by one-time fabrication process, which brings great convenience to future production.
Rotating asymmetric solitons in competing nonlinear media
Authors: Dong Liangwei , Liu Dongshuai , Du Zhijing , Shi Kai , Huang Changming
Published: August 2022

We predict a novel family of off-center localized nonlinear modes in a rotating optical system. The whispering-gallery-like solitons bifurcate out from the symmetric fundamental solitons through a symmetry breaking. They can appear as localized spots, nearly flat-top beams and crescent-like patterns extending over the entire range of polar angles. At critical rotation frequency, asymmetric solitons transform into vortex solitons, whose topological charge gradually increases with the growth of the propagation constant. Asymmetric solitons rotate around the origin persistently during propagation and preserve their shape over arbitrary distance in almost the whole existence domain. Thus, we put forward the first example of stable asymmetric intermediate states in optical systems that bridge the symmetric fundamental solitons and the symmetric vortex solitons with different topological charges, through the variance of the propagation constant and rotation frequency.
Low-resistance ohmic contacts on InAlN/GaN heterostructures with MOCVD-regrown n+-InGaN and mask-free regrowth process
Authors: Guo Jingshu , Zhu Jiejie , Liu Siyu , Liu Jielong , Xu Jiahao , Chen Weiwei , Zhou Yuwei , Zhao Xu , Mi Minhan , Yang Mei , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: August 2022

This paper studied the low-resistance ohmic contacts on InAlN/GaN with metal--organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) regrowth technique. The 150-nm regrown n+-InGaN exhibits a low sheet resistance of 31 Ω/□, resulting in an extremely low contact resistance of 0.102 Ω⋅mm between n+-InGaN and InAlN/GaN channels. Mask-free regrowth process was also used to significantly improve the sheet resistance of InAlN/GaN with MOCVD regrown ohmic contacts. Then, the diffusion mechanism between n+-InGaN and InAlN during regrowth process was investigated with electrical and structural characterizations, which could benefit the further process optimization.
Plasmonic hybridization properties in polyenes octatetraene molecules based on theoretical computation
Authors: Gao Nan , Zhu Guodong , Huang Yingzhou , Fang Yurui
Published: August 2022

Relationship of plasmonic properties of multiple clusters to molecular interactions and properties of a single cluster or molecule have become increasingly important due to the continuous emergence of molecular and cluster devices or systems. A hybrid phenomenon similar to plasmonic nanoparticle hybridization exists between two molecules with plasmon excitation modes. We use linear-response time-dependent density functional theory, real-time propagation time-dependent density functional theory, the plasmonicity index, and transition contribution maps (TCMs) to identify the plasmon excitation modes for the linear polyenes octatetraene with –OH and –NH2 groups and analyze the hybridization characteristics using charge transitions. The results show that molecular plasmon hybridization exists when the two molecules are coupled. The TCM analysis shows that the plasmon modes and hybridization result from collective and single-particle excitation. The plasmon mode is stronger, and the individual properties of the molecules are maintained after coupling when there is extra charge depose in the molecules because the electrons are moving in the molecules. This study provides new insights into the molecular plasmon hybridization of coupled molecules.