bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolonged NHE Activation may be both Cause and Outcome of Cytokine Release
Syndrome in COVID-19
Authors: Cure Medine Cumhur , Cure Erkan
Published: July 2022

The release of cytokines and chemokines such as IL‐1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN‐γ, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10 is increased in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Excessive cytokine release during COVID-19 is related to increased morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms are put forward for cytokine release syndrome during COVID-19. Here we would mention a novel pathways. SARS-CoV-2 increases angiotensin II levels by rendering ACE2 nonfunctional. Angiotensin II causes cytokine release via AT1 and AT2 receptors. Moreover, angiotensin II potently stimulates the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE). It is a pump found in the membranes of many cells that pumps Na+ inward and H+ outward. NHE has nine isoforms. NHE1 is the most common isoform found in endothelial cells and many cells. NHE is involved in keeping the intracellular pH within physiological limits. When the intracellular pH is acidic, NHE is activated, bringing the intracellular pH to physiological levels, then its activity ends. Sustained NHE activity is highly pathological and causes many problems. Prolonged NHE activation in COVID-19 may cause a decrease in intracellular pH through H+ ion accumulation in the extracellular area and subsequent redox reactions. The activation reduces the intracellular K+ concentration and leads to Na+ and Ca2+ overload. Increased ROS can cause intense cytokine release by stimulating NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Cytokines also cause overstimulation of NHE. As the intracellular pH decreases, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly infects new cells, increasing the viral load. This vicious circle increases morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 interaction with NHE3 in intestinal tissue is different from other tissues. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger CRS via NHE3 inhibition by disrupting the intestinal microbiota. This review aimed to help develop new treatment models against SARS-CoV-2-induced CRS by revealing the possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the NHE.
First-Trimester Evaluation of Cleft Lip and Palate by A Novel
Two-Dimensional Sonographic Technique: A Prospective Study
Authors: Li Xiuling , Xiu Guanghui , Yan Fang , Hou Qingsha , Chen Chun , Dong Xudong , Liu Huanling
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate the value of the mandible transection head-side shifting method (MTHSM) by 2-dimensional sonography in the screening of fetal cleft lip and palate (CLP) during the nuchal translucency scans.

Methods:

A total of 7,336 fetuses enrolled for first-trimester aneuploidy screening were included in this prospective study. A sequential scanning approach from the mandible transection toward the head was used for the assessment of the palate in the midsagittal, axial, and coronal sections. To observe the continuity of the palatal line, upper alveolar ridge, and primary palate. All fetuses were followed by second-trimester scans and postnatal evaluation.

Results:

A total of 18 cases of CLP were identified in the first trimester based on this method. Out of 18, 9 (50.0%) were unilateral CLP, 4 (22.2%) were bilateral CLP, 5 (27.8%) were median CLP. There were no false-positive results found. Three were missed, but confirmed in the second-trimester anomaly scan, including 2 cases of isolated cleft palate (CP), and one of isolated cleft lip (CL). First-trimester diagnosis of CLP using MTHSM had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 99.9%.

Conclusions:

The mandible transection head-side shifting method is feasible in assessing CLP at the time of routine first-trimester sonographic screening.
Methodological strategies to promote reading comprehension in the basic elementary of basic general education
Authors: Cedeño-Puentes Diana Carolina , Ávila-Rosales Francisca Margarita
Published: July 2022

The research was based on the analysis of methodological strategies to promote elementary basic reading comprehension of Basic General Education of the "Gil Alberto Rivadeneira Arteaga" Educational Unit. The results of the research carried out through an evaluation rubric are shown, as a way of projecting the national educational dimension, an estimate of the phenomenon that influences the implementation of methodological strategies to promote reading is made. A classification of topics was carried out on the methodological strategies of reading in the students in the theoretical framework. Through the analysis of these strategies, the causes of errors in reading comprehension are revealed. The objective was to investigate the methodological strategies applied by teachers to promote reading comprehension in the learning process. The research has a qualitative, quantitative, and documentary approach; In addition to the inductive and descriptive method, the technique applied was the survey to perform the analysis and interpretation of the results of the methodological strategies. The result was that the methodological strategies influence reading comprehension and the need to analyze, improve and propose a teaching-learning model based on a change of renewed strategies was observed.
Sea-keeping analysis of hospital catamarans for handling COVID-19 patients on remote islands with a numerical approach
Authors:   Department of Naval Architecture, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia, et al. Kiryanto
Published: July 2022

This study used a catamaran hospital ship to handle the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly in remote islands where the virus has spread. This study aims to examine the design of hospital catamarans with good stability and sea-keeping using a numerical method with the help of CFD. The study was carried out by simulating the hull design of a catamaran using the diffraction panel method under three moving conditions, namely steady state condition, running at service speed (8 knots), and running at speed faster than service speed (11 knots), and analyzing it numerically using CFD and comparing the results with the standards set by IMO and previous research. Based on the study results, the design of the catamaran hospital ship for COVID-19 has good stability and seaworthy characteristics and follows existing standards.
Social distance and the Roma: intra-ethnic and regional differences
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Teacher Education, Department in Čakovec, Čakovec, Croatia, Šlezak Hrvoje
Published: July 2022

The Roma are the national minority that experiences the highest level of social distance in Croatia. With aim of better understanding the social structure of the parts of Croatia’s that are inhabited by Roma, the level of social distance between Roma and selected groups was investigated using the classic Bogardus scale performed on a sample of 203 members of the Roma community from Međimurje County, the City of Zagreb, and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The results of the research indicate significant differences in the level of social distance among different sub-ethnic Roma groups in Croatia. There are large regional differences in the level of social distance of Roma living in different parts of Croatia. A significant level of mutual social distance was also observed between the two large subethnic Roma groups in Croatia, the Bayash Roma and Roma who speak the standard Romani language. Great variations were also noted in social distance towards the majority ethnic group in the Republic of Croatia: Croats.
Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Literature Review and Content Analysis of Frameworks
Authors: Crossnohere Norah L , Elsaid Mohamed , Paskett Jonathan , Bose-Brill Seuli , Bridges John F P
Published: July 2022

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in medicine despite a lack of consensus on its application and evaluation.

Objective

We sought to identify current frameworks guiding the application and evaluation of AI for predictive analytics in medicine and to describe the content of these frameworks. We also assessed what stages along the AI translational spectrum (ie, AI development, reporting, evaluation, implementation, and surveillance) the content of each framework has been discussed.

Methods

We performed a literature review of frameworks regarding the oversight of AI in medicine. The search included key topics such as “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “guidance as topic,” and “translational science,” and spanned the time period 2014-2022. Documents were included if they provided generalizable guidance regarding the use or evaluation of AI in medicine. Included frameworks are summarized descriptively and were subjected to content analysis. A novel evaluation matrix was developed and applied to appraise the frameworks’ coverage of content areas across translational stages.

Results

Fourteen frameworks are featured in the review, including six frameworks that provide descriptive guidance and eight that provide reporting checklists for medical applications of AI. Content analysis revealed five considerations related to the oversight of AI in medicine across frameworks: transparency, reproducibility, ethics, effectiveness, and engagement. All frameworks include discussions regarding transparency, reproducibility, ethics, and effectiveness, while only half of the frameworks discuss engagement. The evaluation matrix revealed that frameworks were most likely to report AI considerations for the translational stage of development and were least likely to report considerations for the translational stage of surveillance.

Conclusions

Existing frameworks for the application and evaluation of AI in medicine notably offer less input on the role of engagement in oversight and regarding the translational stage of surveillance. Identifying and optimizing strategies for engagement are essential to ensure that AI can meaningfully benefit patients and other end users.
The Relation between e-Health Literacy and Health-related Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Euni , Kim Seungyeon , Kim Keonhee , Shin Sangyoon
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

With the widespread use of the Internet and mobile devices, many people gained improved access to obtain health-related information online for health promotion and disease management. As the acquired health information online can affect health-related behaviors, healthcare providers need to take into account each individual’s online health literacy (e-Health literacy, hereinafter “eHL”).

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether an individuals’ level of eHL affect actual health-related behaviors, the correlation between eHL and health-related behaviors was identified in an integrated manner through systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, KoreaMed, and RISS databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published up to 19 March 2021 using combined keywords related to “e-Health” and “literacy.” A pooled correlation coefficient was generated by integrating the correlation coefficients obtained from the selected studies, and subgroup analysis with participants’ characteristics and types of behaviors was performed. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS

Among 1,922 eHL-related papers, 14 studies that presented the correlation coefficient between eHL and health-related behaviors were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.25-0.34), which indicated a moderate correlation between eHL and health-related behaviors. In the subgroup analysis, the pooled correlation coefficient was 0.37 (95% CI=0.29-0.44) among older adults (aged≥65), 0.28 (95% CI=0.17-0.39) in the population with disease, and 0.36 (95% CI=0.27-0.41) for studies on the relevance to health-promoting behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results of positive correlation between eHL and health-related behaviors indicate that eHL can be a mediator in the process by which health-related information leads to changes in health-related behavior. Larger-scale studies with stronger validity are needed to evaluate the detailed relationship between the proficiency level of eHL and health-related behaviors for health promotion in the future.
Role of Scientific Research for Lecturers of Current Universities
Authors: Thang Msc. Pham Van , Thanh MSc. Vu Trong
Published: July 2022

Scientific research for university lecturers plays an important role in training creative thinking ability, research capacity and scientific working style for researchers. This contributes to clarifying some scientific issues and solving practical problems that arise in order to improve the quality of teaching. This article focuses on analyzing some issues about the role of scientific research for university lecturers today.
Economic burden of maternal mortality in the USA, 2018–2020
Authors: White Robert S , Lui Briana , Bryant-Huppert Joe , Chaturvedi Rahul , Hoyler Marguerite , Aaronson Jaime
Published: July 2022

Aim:
To evaluate the economic burden of age- and race/ethnicity-based US maternal mortality disparities. Economic burden is estimated by years of potential life lost (YPLL) and value of statistical life (VSL).
Methods:
Maternal mortality counts (2018–2020) were obtained from the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Life-expectancy data were obtained from the Social Security actuarial tables. YPLL and VSL were calculated and stratified by age (classified as under 25, 25–39, and 40 and over) and race/ethnicity (classified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black).
Results:
Economic measures associated with maternal mortality increased by an estimated 30%, from a YPLL of 32,824 and VSL of US$7.9 billion in 2018 to a YPLL of 43,131 and VSL of US$10.4 billion in 2020.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that age, race and ethnicity are major drivers of the US maternal mortality economic burden.
DeepMIA: An Integrated and Accelerated approach for Malicious Insider Attack Detection in IOT using Deep Learning
Authors: R M Punith , D Priya
Published: July 2022

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) are poised to transform our lives and are becoming increasingly popular in smart homes, smart industrial networks. IoT devices can be used for a variety of purposes, including healthcare. Always, IoT device security is an issue because they are in charge of creating and handling large amounts of sensitive data. A security breach has been found to have an influence on people and eventually, the entire planet. Artificial intelligence (AI) has a greater range of applications and is currently being investigated for use in IoT device security. A malicious insider attack is the most serious security concern associated with IoT devices. Although much IoT security research has focused on ways to prevent unauthorized and unlawful access to systems and information, the most severe malicious insider attacks, which are often the result of internal attack within an IoT network or environment, have gone unnoticed. Here we have proposed a model called ‘DeepMIA’, which uses Deep Learning to detect dangerous insider attacks in the IoT context. This in resource-constrained IoT contexts, the research proposes a lightweight technique for detecting insider assaults that can detect abnormalities arising from sensors data or device data that are connected in a IoT Environment. The DeepMIA model is evaluated with UNSW-NB15 Dataset and achieves a decent accuracy of 99% with deep learning models
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por homicídios intencionais no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, 2011-2016
Authors: Oliveira André Luiz Sá de , Quinino Louisiana Regadas de Macedo , Luna Carlos Feitosa
Published: July 2022

Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por homicídios intencionais, no município de João Pessoa (PB). Estudo retrospectivo, exploratório e quantitativo. Utilizaram-se dados dos homicídios dolosos, das vítimas residentes no município entre 2011-2016, através do cruzamento do banco de dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM) e Secretaria de Estado da Segurança e Defesa Social da Paraíba (SESDS-PB). Foram analisadas as variáveis: ano de ocorrência, sexo, estado civil, faixa etária, raça/cor, escolaridade, antecedentes criminais, tipo de arma utilizada pelo agressor, local da ocorrência, modus operandi, turno/horário e dia da semana. Do total de ocorrências (nº = 2628), o perfil predominante das vítimas de homicídios intencionais foi de pessoas do sexo masculino (92,3%), solteiros (76,1%), de cor parda (93,7%), entre 15 e 29 anos (64,2%), com baixa escolaridade (80,0%), vitimadas por arma de fogo (90,0%), com histórico de envolvimento em atividades criminosas (65,0%), ocorridos em via pública (83,5%), no turno da noite e madrugada (61,5%) e nos finais de semana (49,7%). Tendo os homicídios como um grave problema para a saúde pública, faz-se necessário o monitoramento contínuo desses eventos para o estabelecimento de ações adequadas para sua redução.
Doença Falciforme e a busca por cuidados terapêuticos: políticas públicas e acesso a medicamentos
Authors: Roman Cassiela , Bueno Denise
Published: July 2022

A Doença Falciforme (DF) é uma doença hereditária com alta prevalência mundial, considerada um problema de saúde pública devido à sua relevância clínica e epidemiológica. Por ser uma doença crônica, cuidados contínuos são exigidos, dentre eles a utilização de medicamentos. Nesse cenário, é importante conhecer aspectos qualitativos da busca pelo cuidado em saúde por pessoas com DF, a fim de melhorar a sua qualidade de vida. Esse trabalho estabeleceu a distribuição espacial dos casos de DF no Rio Grande do Sul (RS); descreveu o itinerário terapêutico de pacientes de um centro de referência no RS à procura pelos medicamentos para DF; realizou a análise documental descritiva sobre políticas públicas de saúde relacionadas à DF no Brasil; e apresentou os custos de internação hospitalar por DF em diferentes países. Para tanto, usou-se o estudo qualitativo, transversal e descritivo, no qual foram utilizados diferentes métodos para contemplar os objetivos: geoprocessamento, entrevista semiestruturada, análise documental e revisão narrativa. No primeiro estudo foram identificados 194 pacientes, cuja maioria utiliza o medicamento hidroxiureia e apresenta anemia falciforme. Ao todo, 69 municípios possuem uma ou mais pessoas com a doença, com destaque para Porto Alegre, que abrange 35% dos casos. No segundo estudo, a partir das entrevistas, observou-se que a mudança do local de retirada dos medicamentos para a DF identificou barreiras no itinerário terapêutico dos pacientes, como: a falta dos medicamentos e fatores econômicos que dificultam a sua compra, quando necessário. No terceiro foram selecionados os documentos publicados entre os anos de 2001 a 2018. No quarto estudo foram descritos custos relacionados à internação por DF a partir de pesquisas realizadas em diferentes países: Brasil, Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Jamaica, Nigéria e Congo. O estudo possibilitou perceber a invisibilidade da DF e as dificuldades de acesso aos cuidados em saúde. Conhecer esses aspectos demonstrou que são necessários estudos constantes sobre o assunto, qualificação dos profissionais e atuação de equipes de saúde com prática interprofissional, a fim de diminuir as barreiras do itinerário terapêutico das pessoas e fortalecer o reconhecimento da doença na rede de atenção à saúde.
Said Nursi’s Thoughts on Environmental Sustainability in Risale-I Nur
Authors: Sempo Muhammad Widus , Khosim Norullisza
Published: July 2022

This study addresses the standpoint of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi about the importance of holistic Islamic view towards living sustainably. Nowadays, human beings are less aware of the environmental destruction that increasingly causing harm to all. The problem arises from people’s abandonment in manifesting the infinite meaning of Allah’s attributes (al-Asma’ al-Husna) in daily practice. In fact, Allah the Most Merciful has fulfilled all the needs of His creatures to the very least. However, we do not take into account the importance of implementing the meaning of al-Asma’ al-Husna to make any progress in all aspects of life. Therefore, Said Nursi was a leading Muslim scholar of the 20th century who strived to give greater understanding and explanation to the importance of manifestation of the God’s Divine Name for the people towards creating awareness of environmental sustainability. This article focuses on the values and ethics related to environmental sustainability from the Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s perspective in Risale-i Nur. Therefore, the researchers have read the Risale-i Nur inductively to capture Said Nursi’s thought on environmental sustainability. In conclusion, the results of the study found that a good understanding towards (i) the purpose of Allah's creation, (ii) the meaning of al-Asma’ al-Husna and its manifestation, (iii) and the importance of ethics or behaviour towards creatures, can help maintain environmental sustainability and survival of biodiversity.
Philosophical and Religious Justification of Prophecy: A Comparative Analysis Between al-Ghazālī and Maimonides’ Accounts of Prophecy
Authors: Widigdo Mohammad Syifa Amin
Published: July 2022

This study examines ideas of two scholars from a different philosophical and religious background. Each of them attempts to provide philosophical and religious justifications for the possibility of prophecy. Abu Hāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) views the notion of prophecy from the Islamic philosophical perspective while Maimonides (d. 1204) discusses it from the Jewish tradition. Modern philosophical and religious studies on the concept of prophecy tend to establish supremacy of certain religious tradition over others. This article presents a comparative account of religious and philosophical contexts in which such tendency of superiority occurs, at the same time, a shared basis of mutual understanding exists. While al-Ghazālī and Maimonides have disagreements on who has the right of the office of prophecy based on the interpretation of their respective religious scriptures, they have an agreement regarding the capacity of human beings in reaching the prophethood. Both employ a philosophical justification to arrive at the conclusion stating that human beings can reach the office of prophecy by using their rational and imaginative faculty. This philosophical exploration and confidence on human reason are both interesting and important for building a solid foundation of respectful dialogue and mutual understanding.
The effect of FinTech investments on listed banks: Evidence from an Italian sample
Authors: Beltrame Federico , Zorzi Gianni , Grassetti Luca
Published: July 2022

This paper analyses whether and how investments in financial technology (FinTech) affect performance, risk, and value of listed Italian banks. This paper tests the effect of return on equity (ROE) and capital asset pricing model (CAPM) Beta coefficient — and, secondly, of the price-to-book value (PBV) ratio, on a sample of 17 Italian listed banks from 2013 to 2019, representing the largest institutions operating in the Italian banking industry. The FinTech variable is declined into two different statuses: digital active banks and digital-focused banks. The study adds useful insights to the positive effects of innovation on banks’ value, in a market, like the Italian one, where investments in FinTech have spread in recent years. Controlling for other financial statements and market variables, the presence of FinTech investments does not affect the CAPM Beta coefficient, while the relationship is positive and significant with ROE for digital active banks only, and with the PBV for digital-focused banks. These results confirm a positive effect on performance for banks investing in FinTech, while greater expectations from investors and a positive effect on bank value creation are significant for digital-focused banks only.
A key evolution in gene expression plasticity for freshwater colonisation in early life stage of fish
Authors: Oto Yumeki , Kuroki Mari , Iida Midori , Ito Ryosuke , Nomura Shota , Watanabe Katsutoshi
Published: July 2022

Colonisation of freshwater habitats by marine animals is a remarkable
evolutionary event that has enriched biodiversity in freshwater
ecosystems. For successful freshwater colonisation, high physiological
plasticity is presumed to be necessary, but its evolutionary basis has
not been detailed. Marine-originated amphidromous species, which
regularly migrate between freshwater and marine environments, have
repeatedly lost migratory behaviour in many lineages, which sometimes
triggered species radiation in freshwater habitats. Since amphidromous
species typically visit the sea during the larval period, the difficulty
in the evolution of larval freshwater tolerance is a bottleneck for
freshwater colonisation. To elucidate the key evolutionary changes that
enhance the physiological plasticity for freshwater colonisation, we
compared larval gene expression changes depending on salinity conditions
among three congeneric amphidromous goby species (Gymnogobius) with
varying dependences on freshwater habitats. First, an otolith
microchemical analysis and rearing experiment under laboratory
conditions confirmed the presence of freshwater residents only in G.
urotaenia and higher larval survivorship of this species both in
seawater and freshwater conditions than the obligate amphidromous G.
petschiliensis and G. opperiens. Larval whole-body transcriptome
analysis revealed that G. urotaenia exhibited the greatest differences
in the expression levels of several osmoregulatory genes, including
aqp3, which is critical for water discharge from their body during early
fish development. Thus, we obtained the results that consistently
support the importance of enhanced osmoregulatory plasticity for
establishing freshwater forms, and further identified some important
evolutionary changes for larval freshwater adaptation and colonisation
in the goby group.
A case of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology requiring liver transplantation in a child with adenovirus infection
Authors: Greshnyakova V. A. , Bekhtereva M. K. , Goryacheva L. G. , Karev V. E. , Komarova A. M. , Konev A. I. , Lobzin Yu. V. , Uskov A. N. , Skripchenko N. V. , Serednyakov K. V.
Published: July 2022

The article presents a clinical observation of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology with liver transplantation in a 16-year-old child, which occurred in October 2021. Initial symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea. The general wellbeing of the girl did not suffer, there was no fever, no intoxication syndrome. Over the next days, she began to notice the appearance of edema on the legs, an increase in the size of the abdomen. From the 10-11th day of illness – darkening of urine, acholia of feces, jaundice were observed. She was examined by a pediatrician, a biochemical blood test was performed, according to the results the girl was hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute hepatitis. According to the severity of the condition, she was hospitalized in the ICU. On admission she complained of abdominal pain, jaundice, edema, and weakness. On examination: jaundice, scleral icterus, hemorrhagic rash at the site of the tourniquet, bleeding from injection sites, hepatomegaly, anasarca. In blood tests: progressive anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased AST (with a decrease in dynamics against the background of progression of liver failure), a decrease in total protein and albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin according to Quick. Laboratory excluded viral hepatitis A-E. The only infectious agent diagnosed was group F adenovirus in feces. By the third day of hospitalization developed of multiple organ failure, DIC. On the 4th day of hospitalization, the child was transferred to a specialized hospital, where an emergency liver transplantation was performed. The operation was successful, the child was discharged in a stable condition.
Comparison of flash-free and conventional bonding systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang He , Feng Ge , Hu Bo , Tian Haonan , Kuang Yunchun , Zhang Tingwei , Song Jinlin
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To review the literature systematically to compare the performance of adhesive precoated flash-free bonding systems with conventional adhesive precoated (APC) and operator-coated (OPC) bonding systems.

Materials and Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for potential eligible studies. Study selection and data collection were conducted independently. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. The Cochran Q test was used to test heterogeneity in the included studies. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials.

Results

Six studies were included and the overall risk-of-bias judgment was low risk of bias to some concerns. The results of the meta-analyses showed that flash-free required significantly less bonding time than APC (mean difference [MD]: −1.56; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: −2.56 to −0.56), and no significant differences were found in bond failure rates (risk ratio [RR]: 1.54; 95% Cis: 0.27 to 8.89) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) (MD: −0.50; 95% CIs: −1.14 to 0.14) between them. Qualitative analysis showed that flash-free might have a positive effect on enamel demineralization compared to APC but the quantity of plaque did not differ between them.

Conclusions

The flash-free bonding system significantly reduced bonding time and it had comparable bond failure rates with APC. So far, there is not enough evidence to support its positive effect on reducing enamel demineralization and the pathogenic bacteria around brackets. In summary, flash-free might be a better choice for clinical bracket bonding.
Remnant Cholesterol and Its Visit-to-Visit Variability Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the ACCORD Cohort
Authors: Fu Liyao , Tai Shi , Sun Jiaxing , Zhang Ningjie , Zhou Ying , Xing Zhenhua , Wang Yongjun , Zhou Shenghua
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) predicts atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, regardless of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study assessed the associations between remnant-C and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This post hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial used patient (type 2 diabetes >3 months) remnant-C and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) data from the study database. The associations between remnant-C and MACEs were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. We examined the relative MACE risk in remnant-C versus LDL-C discordant/concordant groups using clinically relevant LDL-C targets by discordance analyses.

RESULTS

The baseline analysis included 10,196 participants, with further visit-to-visit variability analysis including 9,650 participants. During follow-up (median, 8.8 years), 1,815 patients (17.8%) developed MACEs. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, each 1-SD increase in remnant-C was associated with a 7% higher MACE risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12, P = 0.004). In the fully adjusted model, the visit-to-visit remnant-C variability calculated using logSD (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18–1.69, P < 0.001) and logARV (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22–1.73, P < 0.001) was associated with MACEs. Residual lipid risk (remnant-C ≥31 mg/dL) recognized individuals at a higher MACE risk, regardless of LDL-C concentrations. Within each LDL-C subgroup (>100 or ≤100 mg/dL), high baseline remnant-C was associated with a higher MACE risk (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.09–1.73, P = 0.007; HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.41, P = 0.015, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Remnant-C levels were associated with MACEs in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of LDL-C, and visit-to-visit remnant-C variability helped identify those with higher cardiovascular risk.
KOMUNITAS SOKOLA PESISIR DI KOTA MAKASSAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Awaru A.	Octamaya Tenri , Torro Supriadi
Published: July 2022

Penyebaran virus covid 19 membuat kativitas masyarakat harus dibatasi, termasuk sektor pendidikan. Komunitas Sokola Pesisir adalah komunitas lembaga pendidikan alternatif yang menaungi anak-anak kurang mampu di daerah pesisir kota Makassar yang juga terkena dampak pendemi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk aktivitas komunitas sokola pesisir yang berubah di masa pandemi Covid 19 dan kendala yang dihadapi komunitas sokola  pesisir di masa pandemi Covid 19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, Informan  penelitian ini adalah relawan yang telah bergabung di komunitas minimal 2 tahun, dan kader  komunitas Sokola Pesisir. Jumlah informan sebanyak 8 orang.  Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan observasi dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan  melalui 3 tahap yaitu reduksi data, paparan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengabsahan data penelitian melalui triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menemukan: 1) Bentuk kegiatan Sokola Pesisir yang mengalami perubahan selama masa pandemi Covid-19 adalah durasi waktu mengajar yang lebih singkat,  aktivitas pembeljaran fokus disiang hari saja yang sebelumnya juga dilakukan dimalam hari,  pelaksanaan guru kunjung. 2) Kendala yang  dihadapi komunitas Sokola Pesisir di masa pandemi adalah  jumlah siswa yang datang ke tempat  komunitas Sokola Pesisir berkurang, pelaksanaan pembelajaran secara daring tidak bisa dilakukan karena terbatasnya kemampuan siswa, orangtua kurang mendukung kegiatan guru kunjung.
GERMO DAN PROSTITUSI ONLINE DI KOTA WATANSOPPENG
Authors: Ramli Mauliadi , Ernawati S.K  , Abdul Rahman
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Kewajiban dan tanggungjawab germo sebagai penyedia jasa bisnis prostitusi atau pelacuran di kota Watansoppeng . (2) Kehidupan sosial antara germo dan pekerja seks komersial di kota Watansoppeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang dianalisa dan dituliskan secara deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan sebanyak 11 (sebelas) orang informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Strategi germo dalam menjaga eksistensi bisnis prostitusi online di di kota Watansoppeng yakni dengan menyediakan fasilitas kepada para pekerja seks komersial yang bekerja untuknya serta memberikan pelayanan kepada para pengunjung. (2) Relasi serta ikatan sosial antara germo dan pekerja seks komersial di di kota Watansoppeng untuk menjaga keberlangsungan bisnis prostitusi online yakni menganggap mereka layaknya keluarga sendiri seperti anak dan orang tua.
INVASIVE ALIEN APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDOMORPHA) OF TURKEY
Authors: KÖK Şahin , ÖZDEMİR Işıl
Published: July 2022

This study aims to reveal important results on the relationship and the variation between the number of aphid species and the number of invasive alien aphid species in Turkey, the taxonomic diversity of invasive alien aphids, the distribution in Turkey and the regions of origin of invasive alien aphids. The comprehensive study present the presence of 60 invasive alien aphid species belonging to 35 genus from the Aphidomorpha suborder (Hemiptera) recorded in Turkey between 1903 and 2021. It was determined that the invasive alien aphid constitute about 10% of the aphid fauna of Turkey including 592 species belonging to 148 genera. Based on 119 years of data, the average introduction rate of invasive alien aphids into the aphid fauna of Turkey was calculated as 0.51 species per year. Also, it was determined that the invasive alien aphids are distributed in 60 of 81 provinces in Turkey. This study is the first comprehensive research including important data on invasive alien aphids in Turkey. As a result, it is thought that more local and territorial studies should be carried out in order to determine detally the current status and distribution of invasive alien aphids in Turkey.
Improving students’ ability in writing descriptive text through guiding question at SMPN 13 Bandar Lampung
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Winardi Dimas Redianto , Sukirlan Muhammad ,   Universitas Lampung, Sholihah Lilis ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: July 2022

The aims of the research were to find out whether there was an improvement of the students’ writing ability in descriptive text and students’ perceptions after the the implementation of Guiding Question. The research was a quantitative-qualitative research. The design used in this research was one group pretest and posttest. The subjects were 24 students of class VIII E of SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. The instruments were writing test and interview protocol. The data were in the form of scores and transcripts taken from the pretest and posttest and those were analyzed by using Paired Sample t-test. The results showed that students’ writing score was gained 13.75 points from 50.16 in pretest to 63.91 in posttest and the statistical result showed that the significance score was 0.00 it means that there is a significant improvement on students’ ability in writing descriptive text since 0.00 < 0.05. Furthermore, the result of the interview showed that students found it easy and enjoyed while learning descriptive text through Guiding Questions so it can be concluded that students had positive perceptions during the implementation of guiding questions technique in the class. The result of the interview also shows that most students did not feel any difficulties, stressed or frustrated and they were also interested and motivated when this media was applied. It can be concluded that Guiding Questions provides a positive impact for the students when it was applied in the class as a teaching media.
Using silent demonstration to increase students’ writing in procedure text at the second grade students of SMK-SMTI Bandar Lampung
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Sefriadi Sefira , Raja Patuan ,   Universitas Lampung, Shafwati Dian ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: July 2022

This research was aimed to find out whether there is a significant improvement of students’ writing ability before and after being taught through Silent Demonstration. By applying quantitative approach, the researcher intended to discuss the difference of students’ procedure text writing. The researcher chose XI APL 2 at SMK-SMTI Bandar Lampung students as a sample, which the number of students reached 37 people using purposive sampling. This study employed one-group pre-test and post-test design by comparing the mean score of the tests. The result showed that the mean of post-test, which is 79.49 is higher than the mean of pre-test at 64.03. In addition, the significance of the test is 0.000 lower than 0.05. It can be also supported by the evidence that verifies the statement was the t-value which showed higher number than t-table by having the result 19.407 > 2.0281.
Impact of COVID-19 on termination of pregnancy
Authors: Ferrara Cinzia , Sglavo Gabriella , Morra Ilaria , Saccone Gabriele , Di Carlo Costantino , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Objective: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on termination of pregnancy. Methods: This was a retrospective study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on termination of pregnancy in a single center in Italy. Consecutive data on pregnant women who requested induced termination of pregnancy (I-TOP) from February 2018 to December 2021 were included in a dedicated database. The data were divided into two groups according to the COVID-19 outbreak. Women who requested I-TOP from February 2018 to January 2020 were included into the group ‘before COVID-19 pandemic’. Women who requested I-TOP from February 2020 to January 2022 were included into the group ‘during COVID-19 pandemic’. Indications for I-TOP included elective abortion and therapeutic for fetal or maternal indication. Results: A total of 2578 women were included in the study. Of them, 1637 had I-TOP before COVID-19, and 941 had I-TOP during COVID-19. During the pandemic, the request for elective abortion decreased from 76.2% to 67.7% (p<0.01). Therapeutic abortion were performed in 141/693 cases in the first trimester, and in 552/693 cases in the second trimester. Overall, 91 were for maternal indications and 602 for fetal indications. No differences were noticed between before and during pandemic (p=0.99). Follow-up visits two weeks after abortions were offered to all women. However, only 35.5% women visited for follow-up during pandemic vs. 65.0% before COVID-19 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had impact on access to abortion services, reducing request for elective abortion and post-abortion follow-up visits.
REVISITING MATHEMATICAL RESILIENCE AND ANXIETY AMONG SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS
Authors: Casinillo Leomarich F , Casinillo Emily L , Lagumbay Christy T , Abad Hannah Rissah F , Dagongdong Myra L
Published: July 2022

Resilience is vital in recovering from mathematical anxiety since it gives motivation in pursuing despite obstacles and challenges. This study aimed to measure the mathematical resilience and anxiety of grade 11 students at Visayas State University-Main campus as well as to elucidate its relationship.  Secondary data was used in this study from a current paper by Casinillo et al. (2020). Mean average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and Spearman rho correlation was employed to summarize and extract inference from the data. On average, the perception scores of students' levels of resilience and anxiety are 82.2 and 29.5, respectively. Results suggested that students are resilient and moderately anxious in learning mathematics. This implies that students are motivated even if they are facing some challenging problems in mathematics. On the other hand, students are somehow uneasy or experiencing a little worry in doing mathematical problems. Findings depicted that there is no significant relationship (p-value=0.4725) between the students' level of resilience and anxiety. This means to say that resiliency of students does not lessen the level of anxiety in learning mathematics. In that case, teachers must not only be focusing on the resiliency of their students but also on creativity, self-determination, and motivation, among others. Furthermore, to eliminate the anxiousness of students in facing mathematical problems, teachers must encourage and cultivate their interest in learning mathematics.
Competence approach in medical residents training on in specialty 31.08.58 - “Otorhinolaryngology”
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Kim I. A. ,   Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov",   of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation,   Federal State Budgetary Institution “The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Orlova O. S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation,   Federal State Budgetary Educational University of Higher Education Moscow Pedagogical State University, Strebryakova I. U. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution “The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Polyakov D. P. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation,   Federal State Budgetary Institution “The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia
Published: July 2022

The paper describes the ways of residents’ training improvement in specialty 31.08.58 “Otorhinolaryngology” which is used in Federal National Medical Research Centre of Otorhinolaryngology of FMBA. Our analysis was based on principles of competence approach. We analyzed the concepts of “competencies”, "competence" and "professional readiness". We suggest some qualitative characteristics of the residents’ professional competencies formation levels and the instruments of step-by-step evaluation of such characteristics depending on educational stage. The results of the article prove that the implementation of innovative educational technologies (situation tasks, simulative models and etc.) improves formation of residents’ professional competences.
Experience of using the principles of continuing medical education at the pediatric department
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Pankov D. D. ,   Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov",   of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Kovrigina E. S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Pankova T. B. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Magomedova T. M. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The transition to continuing medical education prescribe to the institutions of postgraduate education to improve the approaches to their activities. The analysis of doctors questionnaires at the Department of Pediatrics and School Medicine provides a rich material for assessing the relevance and effectiveness of the proposed programs and methodological approaches for education.
Assessing the performance of scientific schools using bibliometric mapping
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Morgun A. N. ,   Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov",   of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Oettinger A. P. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The paper deals with the problems of detection and objective assessment of the activities of scientific schools. On the example of the domestic herniological surgical school, objective criteria for the correspondence of scientific teams to the status of a "scientific school" are proposed. A method is proposed for tracking the activities of research teams as scientific schools based on publication activity reflected in the leading international citation indices and using bibliometric mapping methods.
Derecho y cine todo lo que siempre quiso saber sobre el derecho y nunca se atrevió a preguntar
Authors: Rivaya Benjamín
Published: July 2022

Introducción a los estudios de Derecho y Cine, tradicionales en el ámbito anglosajón, pero  asi desconocidos en España, que versan sobre las relaciones entre el fenómeno jurídico y el fenómeno cinematográfico. Así, se plantea la posible existencia del género del cine jurídico, así como las relaciones entre la temática jurídica y los diversos géneros cinematográficos, especialmente en el caso del cine negro, del western y del cine político, géneros en los que el dato jurídico está casi necesariamente presente. En el supuesto de que no se reconozca la existencia del cine jurídico, al menos ha de admitirse que muchos argumentos jurídicos han sido típicamente cinematográficos, con lo que no es extraño encontrar en el cine normas, instituciones y desarrollos propios del Derecho Procesal, Penal, Penitenciario, Laboral, Constitucional, Internacional, así como del Derecho Privado, destacando en este caso los asuntos propios del Derecho de familia, y de la filosofía del Derecho. Pero las relaciones entre el Derecho y el cine incluyen también el estudio de las diversas teorías del cine y las repercusiones que éstas tienen en el ámbito jurídico, político y moral. Por último, se apunta la cuestión de la utilidad de los estudios de Derecho y Cine, sobre todo para la didáctica jurídica, que se vería beneficiada por su incorporación al estudio del Derecho.