bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xenon plasma-FIB micromachined cavity-based fiber sensors for refractive index, temperature and chemical sensing
Authors: Khan Inam , Machavaram V. R. , Ma T. , Feather L. , Gao X. , Wu Jing , Chiu Yu Lung , Fernando Gerard F.
Published: March 2021

Xenon plasma-FIB micromachining has been used for relatively rapid (10-20 minutes) production of intrinsic Fabry-Perot cavities in fused silica single and multimode fibers without any post-processing. Infiltration of organic solvents into the cavity produced in the proximity of cleaved-end of a single mode fiber has enabled refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of ∼-65 dB/riu in the range 1.31-1.37. The influence of cavity wall-angle and cleave imperfections on the performance of the sensor have been discussed. Theoretical interpretation shows that the index sensitivity and measurement range can be tailored via the length of the cavity and its distance from the cleaved-end. The same sensor when heated up to 900 °C has shown a wavelength-temperature sensitivity of 8.1 pm/°C and 8.7 pm/°C during the first and second heating cycles respectively owing to the irreversible effects of dopant-diffusion. Multimode fiber cavity has enabled chemical sensing via NIR-absorption spectroscopy of an epoxy resin, amine-based hardener and its affinity for atmospheric moisture, offering scope for remote chemical process monitoring of engineering materials and structures.
The Toll-Like Receptor 5 agonist flagellin prevents Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced infection in cigarette smoke-exposed mice
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Magdiel , Koné Bachirou , Porte Rémi , Carnoy Christophe , Tabareau Julien , Gosset Pierre , Trottein François , Sirard Jean-Claude , Pichavant Muriel , Gosset Philippe
Published: March 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major bacterial cause of COPD exacerbations is non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). 25 to over 80% of cases are associated with NTHi. This susceptibility to infection involves a defective production of interleukin (IL)-22 which plays an important role in mucosal defense. Prophylactic administration of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, protects healthy mice against respiratory pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR5-mediated stimulation of lung immunity might prevent COPD exacerbations. Mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), which presented COPD symptoms, were infected with NTHi and intraperitoneally treated with recombinant flagellin following a prophylactic or therapeutic protocol. Compared with control, cigarette smoke-exposed mice treated with flagellin showed a lower bacterial load in the airways, the lungs and the blood. This protection was associated with an early neutrophilia, a lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increased IL-22 production. Flagellin treatment decreased the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the lung damages related to exacerbation. Morover, the protective effect of flagellin against NTHi was altered by treatment with anti-IL-22 blocking antibodies in cigarette smoke-exposed mice and in Il22-/- mice. The effect of flagellin treatment did not implicated the anti-bacterial peptides calgranulins and defensin-β2. This study shows that stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR5 ligand is a potent antibacterial treatment in CS-exposed mice, suggesting innovative therapeutic strategies against acute exacerbation in COPD.
Combined effects of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions on diarrhea and malnutrition morbidity in children less than five years of age in Brazil, 2006–2016
Authors: Souza Anelise Andrade de , Mingoti Sueli Aparecida , Paes-Sousa Rômulo , Heller Léo
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Governmental measures aiming at social protection, with components of disease control, have potential positive impacts in the nutritional and health outcomes of the beneficiaries. The concomitant presence of these measures with environmental sanitation interventions may increase their positive effect. The context of simultaneous improvement of social protection and environmental sanitation is found in Brazil since 2007 and an assessment of the combined effects of both programs has not been performed so far.

Objective

To evaluate whether interaction effects between improvement of access to water, sanitation and solid waste collection with the Bolsa Família Program [PBF] were related to better responses in the reduction of morbidity due to diarrhea and malnutrition in children less than five years of age, acknowledging the positive results of these improved conditions and the PBF separately in coping with these diseases.

Methods

Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed through Generalized Linear Models of the Negative Binomial type of fixed effects, with and without addition of zeros. Interaction models were inserted in order to evaluate the outcomes when the two public policies of interest in the current study were present simultaneously in the municipalities.

Results

Interaction with negative effect when a concomitantly high municipal coverage of the Bolsa Família Program and adequate access to sanitation and solid waste collection were present. In contrast, regardless of municipal coverage by the PBF, the simultaneous presence of water and sanitation (0.028% / 0.019%); water and solid waste collection (0.033% / 0.014%); sanitation and solid waste collection (0.018% / 0.021%), all resulted in a positive effect, with a decrease in the average morbidity rates for both diseases.

Conclusion

Investments aimed at universalizing water, sanitation and solid waste collection services should be priorities, aiming at reducing the incidence of morbidity due to malnutrition and diarrhea and preventing deaths from these poverty-related diseases.
Volatile scent chemicals in the urine of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes
Authors: McLean Stuart , Nichols David S. , Davies Noel W.
Published: March 2021

The red fox is a highly adaptable mammal that has established itself world-wide in many different environments. Contributing to its success is a social structure based on chemical signalling between individuals. Urine scent marking behaviour has long been known in foxes, but there has not been a recent study of the chemical composition of fox urine. We have used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the urinary volatiles in 15 free-ranging wild foxes (2 female) living in farmlands and bush in Victoria, Australia. Foxes here are routinely culled as feral pests, and the urine was collected by bladder puncture soon after death. Compounds were identified from their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices. There were 53 possible endogenous scent compounds, 10 plant-derived compounds and 5 anthropogenic xenobiotics. Among the plant chemicals were several aromatic apocarotenoids previously found in greater abundance in the fox tail gland. They reflect the dietary consumption of carotenoids, essential for optimal health. One third of all the endogenous volatiles were sulfur compounds, a highly odiferous group which included thiols, methylsulfides and polysulfides. Five of the sulfur compounds (3-isopentenyl thiol, 1- and 2-phenylethyl methyl sulfide, octanethiol and benzyl methyl sulfide) have only been found in foxes, and four others (isopentyl methyl sulfide, 3-isopentenyl methyl sulfide, and 1- and 2-phenylethane thiol) only in some canid, mink and skunk species. This indicates that they are not normal mammalian metabolites and have evolved to serve a specific role. This role is for defence in musteloids and most likely for chemical communication in canids. The total production of sulfur compounds varied greatly between foxes (median 1.2, range 0.4–32.3 μg ‘acetophenone equivalents’/mg creatinine) as did the relative abundance of different chemical types. The urinary scent chemistry may represent a highly evolved system of semiochemicals for communication between foxes.
Risk factors for 3-month mortality in bedridden patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: A multicentre prospective study
Authors: Jiao Jing , Li Zhen , Wu Xinjuan , Cao Jing , Liu Ge , Liu Ying , Li Fangfang , Zhu Chen , Song Baoyun , Jin Jingfen , Liu Yilan , Wen Xianxiu , Cheng Shouzhen , Wan Xia
Published: March 2021

Background

Mortality among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is quite high; however, information on risk factors for short-term mortality in this population remains limited. The aim of the current study was to identify the risk factors for mortality in bedridden patients with HAP during a 3-month observation period.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted. In total, 1141 HAP cases from 25 hospitals were included in the analysis. Univariate and multilevel regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for mortality.

Results

During the 3-month observation period, there were 189 deaths among bedridden patients with HAP. The mortality rate in this study was 16.56%. Multilevel regression analysis showed that ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR = 2.034, 95%CI: 1.256, 3.296, p = 0.004), pressure injuries (OR = 2.202, 95%CI: 1.258, 3.852, p = 0.006), number of comorbidities (OR = 1.076, 95%CI: 1.016,1.140, p = 0.013) and adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score (OR = 1.210, 95%CI: 1.090, 1.343, p<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of mortality, while undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia (OR = 0.582, 95%CI: 0.368, 0.920, p = 0.021) was associated with a decreased risk of mortality.

Conclusions

The identification of risk factors associated with mortality is an important step towards individualizing care plans. Our findings may help healthcare workers select high-risk patients for specific interventions. Further study is needed to explore whether appropriate interventions against modifiable risk factors, such as reduced immobility complications or ventilator-associated pneumonia, could improve the prognoses.
The burden of hyaline membrane disease, mortality and its determinant factors among preterm neonates admitted at Debre Tabor General Hospital, North Central Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study
Authors: Minuye Birihane Binyam , Alebachew Bayih Wubet , Yeshambel Alemu Abebaw , Belay Demeke Mesfin , Demis Asmamaw
Published: March 2021

Background

Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm newborn babies. Though, there are studies related to Hyaline membrane disease inclusive of all neonates, studies related to the burden among preterm neonates were limited. In addition, increasing neonatal mortality in Ethiopia could be related to increase in the burden of hyaline membrane disease among preterm neonates. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the burden of hyaline membrane disease, mortality and its associated factors among preterm neonate admitted at neonatal intensive care unit, North Central Ethiopia.

Methodology

An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 535 preterm neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2014-December 30, 2017. Data were entered into EPi-data 4.2.0.0 and transferred to STATA version 14 statistical software for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression was used for the analysis. All variables with P-value < 0.25 during bi-variable analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression. Level of statistical significance was declared at P value ≤0.05.

Results

In the current study, proportion of hyaline membrane disease was 40% (95% CI; 35.8, 44.3) of which 49.5% died. Preterm neonate born with Gestational age of less than 34 weeks of age (Adjusted odd ratio (AOR = 2.64; 95 CI: 1.49, 4.66)), 5th minute Apgar score less than 7 (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.07), and newborn with birth weight of less than 1500 gram (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.3) were predictors of hyaline membrane disease.

Conclusions

The mean gestational age (±) was 33.46 (±2.55) weeks. The incidence of hyaline membrane disease among preterm admissions was high. Preterm neonate born with gestational age of less than 34 weeks of age, asphyxiated newborns and newborn with birth weight of less than 1500 gram were predictors of hyaline membrane disease. So, emphasis should be given on early screening, follow up and timely interventions for preterm neonate.
MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN SMK PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN YANG BERBASIS KEBUTUHAN LOKAL, NASIONAL DAN GLOBAL
Authors: Afriansyah Anggi , Muslim Fikri , Barid Vera Bararah , Kusumaningrum Dini Dwi
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to analyze the management of fisheries and marine vocational secondary schools in Indonesia. This paper will discuss two parts. The first part is the management of fisheries and marine vocational high schools in Indonesia. The second part is crucial problems in managing vocational schools for fisheries and maritime affairs in Indonesia. The data used in this paper is research data in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2018 and several data updates carried out during 2020. This research uses qualitative methods through a combination of data collection techniques, namely interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), and observation. Observations were made at SMKN 1 Sanden, SMKN 1 Temon, and Sadeng Harbor, Gunung Kidul. The results showed that local governments role in developing Fisheries and Marine Vocational High Schools is still not optimal and needs to be improved because it can be optimized to its regional potential. The synergy between the central government and local governments in developing and managing a Fisheries and Marine Vocational School is the crucial factor that needs to be considered.
A végzettség nélküli korai iskolaelhagyás okainak vizsgálata 17-64 éves
személyek körében
Authors: Szverle Szandra
Published: March 2021

Early school leaving is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that
affects most education systems. According to Mazrekaj – De Witte (2020),
early school leaving has various undesirable social consequences, such as
crime, unemployment, early childbirth, which is why it is necessary to
investigate the causes of early school leaving. The aim of the research was
the explore the reasons that led the participants to drop out the school.
Due the complexity of the problem, we examined parental assistance, the
relationship with teachers, the class community, and the relationships
between variables in school performance, in order to obtain complex answers
to the reasons for early school leaving among those already affected. The
instrument was filled in N=623 participants. The participation was voluntary
and anonymous. The questionnaire included 23 items and background questions
(gender, age, education, ethnic). The reliability of the instrument is good
(Cronbach-alfa= 0,796). Based on our results, women accounted for the
majority of the sample (N=359; M age =35,19; S.D.=12,019). 44.6% of those
surveyed who were already affected by school dropout were of Roma origin.
Our results also revealed that there is a strong significant correlation (r
= 0.778 **) between the positive relationship with teachers and school
attachment, so the respondents were influenced by the teachers and their
attitudes. We found a strong relationship between peer impact and school
performance (r = 0.640 **). Finally, early employment, alleviation of family
financial burden, and poor school performance showed a moderately strong
correlation (r = 0.542 **), suggesting that young people seeking to restore
their family’s financial security had poor academic performance, in
addition, we found very weak correlation (r = 0.489 **) between poor
academic performance and school attachment.
PERSONNEL WORK IN THE MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Kazantseva O.L.
Published: March 2021

The ongoing reforms in the system of state and municipal service are aimed at increasing the efficiencyof personnel services, which become active subjects of personnel policy, searching for applicants for positions,assessing the quality of employees' work, planning and forecasting. In the context of the digitalization ofpublic administration and a changing economy, municipalities need highly qualified specialists who canpromptly respond to changes in legislation, possess new competencies and perform their professional duties in a quality manner. In this regard, the role of the personnel services of municipalities is increasing, whichupdates the ongoing research.
TURNOVER OF LAND PLOTS AS OBJECTS OF CIVIL RIGHTS
Authors: Rozhkova O.A. , Voronina S.V.
Published: March 2021

The definition of the concept of turnover is absent in the provisions of the civil code and other normativelegal acts. The scientific discussion is based on the content of the concepts of turnover, civil turnover and legalregime, and their relationship. In civil turnover, most of the objects of civil rights are freely used, which ispredetermined by their inherent legal property of turnover. The civil code defines turnover as the ability ofan object of civil rights to be freely alienated and transferred from one person to another. Turnover is oftenidentified with the ability of an object to be an object of civil rights in General. The doctrine also does nothave a single point of view regarding the understanding of turnover and its relationship to the legal regime.Land plots are objects of civil turnover, participate in land legal relations as objects of civil turnover.The turnover of land plots is carried out to the extent that it is allowed by the legislation. The question ofthe correlation between land and civil legislation in regulating the turnover of land plots is relevant. Thecivil code refers the determination of the degree of turnover of land plots to the subject of regulation of landlegislation. In accordance with the land code, the turnover of land plots is carried out in accordance withcivil legislation and the code, while the content of restrictions on the turnover of land plots is establishedby the land code and Federal laws.
Forrásallokáció az egészségügyben
Authors: Vanicsek Mária
Published: March 2021

Az egészségügy finanszírozásával kapcsolatban legtöbbször emlegetett probléma az erre fordított források szűkössége. A cikk során ugyan erre is kitér a szerző, de a fő mondanivaló az, hogy a források hatékony felhasználását a rendszerek közötti és az alrendszereken belüli forráselosztás jelentősen rontja. Tehát nemcsak hogy kevés jut az egészségügyre, hanem az is gond, hogy ami van, azt rosszul költik el. A szerző arra is keresi a választ, hogy a finanszírozás jelenlegi formája milyen érdekeltségeket keletkeztet a nagy egészségügyi ellátórendszerekben: a háziorvosoknál, a járóbeteg-ellátásban, a fekvőbeteg-ellátásban és a prevenció területén. Mi az oka annak, hogy az irányítók megszorító intézkedései ellenére időről időre újratermelődik a régi struktúra? Ha igaz, hogy az egészségügy lyukas zsák, a kérdés az, hogy hol vannak a lyukak? Van-e remény a korábbi beidegződések átrendezésére? A szerző nem újabb egészségügyi reformelképzeléssel áll elő, hanem a probléma elemzésére vállalkozik, és arra szeretne rámutatni, hogy a jobbító szándékkal kidolgozott reformokat a finanszírozás oldaláról milyen tényezők akadályozták meg. Végezetül néhány elvet fogalmaz meg, amelyek következetes végrehajtásával kiutat lehet találni a rossz beidegződések ördögi köreiből.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS RELACIONADOS A MEDICAMENTOS EM PACIENTES POLIMEDICADOS
Authors: Pereira Souza Aline Aparecida , Broetto-Biazon Ana Carla , Salci-Aran Tânia Pereira
Published: March 2021

Apesar de ter como objetivo a melhora da qualidade de vida, a polimedicação está diretamente associada ao aumento da probabilidade de o paciente desenvolver problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRM), podendo assim comprometer a eficácia e segurança do tratamento. Com isto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o seguimento farmacoterapêutico em pacientes polimedicados usuários de um serviço de farmácia comunitária. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo, realizado em uma farmácia escola localizada na cidade de Campo Mourão, PR. Foram incluídos 26 pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas e em tratamento com cinco ou mais medicamentos. O seguimento farmacoterapêutico foi realizado com base na metodologia proposta pelo método Dáder. Foram utilizados o Drugdex®, o Dynamed e o bulário eletrônico da ANVISA para avaliar as terapias. Os PRM foram classificados de acordo com Rovers e Currie e os critérios de Beers foram utilizados para identificação de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos. A maioria dos pacientes eram idosos (80,8%), portadores de três ou mais enfermidades e em uso contínuo de oito medicamentos em média. Foram observados 108 PRM (média: 4,9 PRM/paciente), os quais resultaram em 76 propostas de intervenções farmacêuticas aos pacientes. Dentre os PRM identificados destacaram-se os relacionados à segurança (40,7%), efetividade (35,2%) e reações adversas (27,8%). Entre os fatores que podem ser apontados como predisponentes para a elevada incidência de PRM, destacam-se a polimedicação, a idade avançada e a presença de doenças crônicas.
Vom wahren Wert der Lebensmittel und ihrer Beziehung zur Gesundheit
Authors: Gaugler Tobias , Tretter Christine
Published: March 2021

Im Lockdown wird der Oikos, also der Haushalt, wieder zum Fokus. Die gesellschaftliche und lebenspraktische Herausforderung für eine ,,Ökologie der Person“ besteht darin, die ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Corona-Ära anzupassen und neben Sozial- und
Ökonomieverträglichkeit auch Gesundheitsaspekte zu beachten. Das betrifft auch eine umfassendere Bewertung von Ernährung, die Lebensmitteln und ihrem wahren Wert gerecht wird.
Social-ecological transformation and COVID-19: the need to revisit working-class environmentalism
Authors: Friedrich Jonathan , Zscheischler Jana , Faust Heiko
Published: March 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic points to unequally distributed vulnerabilities in society. Unevenly distributed disadvantages are also found in processes of a social-ecological transformation. The concept of working-class environmentalism arguably presents a way out of this deficiency
through incorporating and focusing on working class and precarious people in processes of social change. We develop four theses for our argumentation to revisit working-class environmentalism and conclude that this would build social resilience for coping with future crises of the whole of
society.
Zur Wissenschaftlichkeit transdisziplinärer Forschung
Authors: Henze Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Wissenschaftlichkeit ist der Hauptanspruch wissenschaftlicher Wissensproduktion. Sie wird durch standardisiertes Forschungshandeln charakterisiert. Der Beitrag untersucht das Verhältnis von Forschungshandeln und Wissenschaftlichkeit in transdisziplinärer Forschung im Vergleich zu disziplinärer Grundlagenforschung. Es werden fünf Standards für transdisziplinäres Forschungshandeln formuliert. Sie dokumentieren eine veränderte Auffassung von Wissenschaftlichkeit in transdisziplinärer Forschung.Scientific knowledge production is characterized by standardized research practices supposed to ensure good scientific practice. Standards of conduct, developed as values and norms from disciplinary basic research, guide scientific knowledge production. Transdisciplinary research, however, explicitly addresses societal challenges, for example, climate change or sustainability. This challenge-orientation shifts the focus of scientists and requires different methodological and theoretical approaches than research questions driven solely by scientific curiosity. This article investigates the relation of research practices and scientificity in transdisciplinary research based on a literature review and proposes standards for transdisciplinary research practices. The article finds that the modified standards of research practice lead to an altered understanding of scientificity in transdisciplinary research in comparison with disciplinary basic research.
Another look at boredom in language instruction: The role of the predictable and the unexpected
Authors: Kruk Mariusz , Pawlak Mirosław , Zawodniak Joanna
Published: March 2021

Although recent years have seen a growing interest in positive emotions in second or foreign language learning and teaching, negative emotions are always present in the classroom and they deserve to be investigated in their own right. The article focuses on boredom, a construct that has been explored in educational psychology but has received only scant attention from second language acquisition researchers. It reports a study which examined the changes in the levels of boredom experienced by 13 English majors in four EFL classes and the factors accounting for such changes. Using data obtained from a few different sources (i.e., boredom grids, narratives, interviews, class evaluations and lesson plans), it was found that although boredom can be attributed to different constellations of factors, it was mainly traced to repetitiveness, monotony and predictability of what transpired during a particular class.
English for specific purposes teachers’ beliefs about their motivational practices and student motivation at a Chinese university
Authors: Yang Xiaowan , Wyatt Mark
Published: March 2021

While it is increasingly recognized that teachers have a crucial role to play in motivating learners, language teacher cognition research that focuses on beliefs about second language (L2) learner motivation and motivational practices is still rare, particularly in English for specific purposes (ESP) settings in Asia. Furthermore, much of what is available does not employ stimulated recall interviews to facilitate a comparison of espoused beliefs elicited beforehand, observed classroom practices and situated cognitions. We have employed such methodology in an under-researched ESP setting in China, to gain insights into the influence of culture and context on teacher beliefs and behavior. Our qualitative case study of three Chinese ESP teachers highlights harmony and tensions between espoused beliefs regarding student motivation and the teacher’s motivational role, and motivational practices, this harmony/disharmony being likely to impact these teachers’ self-determination. It considers possible reasons for identified tensions, including limited professional development opportunities in ESP, apparently dated knowledge of L2 motivation theory, deeply embedded Confucian values and an entrenched assessment culture. Findings suggest the need for awareness-raising and mentoring activities designed to support cognitive harmony regarding motivation and motivational practices amongst ESP teachers.
Review of Complexity perspectives on researching language learner and teacher psychology; Editors: Richard J. Sampson, Richard S. Pinner; Publisher: Multilingual Matters, 2021; ISBN: 9781788923545; Pages: 304
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: March 2021

One thing that immediately struck me when I sat down to write this piece was the realization that this is yet another review of a book devoted to the application of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) to second and foreign language (L2) education. On the one hand, this might appear a little strange since I am certainly not an ardent believer in this theory and while I do recognize some of its merits, I have not used it as a theoretical framework in any of the studies I have conducted so far. On the other hand, though, the reason why I am attracted to publications on this topic could be that I am still waiting for someone to convince me that it is indeed the “silver bullet” that will not only help us disentangle the intricacies of L2 learning and teaching but also offer pedagogically sound insights that will contribute to more effective instruction. In fact, I finished my previous review of a recent book dealing with CDST-driven research methods in applied linguistics with the following comment: “I hope that Phil Hiver and Ali Al-Hoorie will continue their efforts to show the utility of CDST and perhaps one day they will also write a book about how adopting complexity theory can actually translate into more effective instruction in the language classroom” (Pawlak, 2020a, p. 394). As fate would have it, a different tandem of scholars has decided to confront this formidable challenge. Richard J. Samson and Richard S. Pinner state in the introduction to their edited volume: “We united under the motto complexity should be made simple [emphasis in original]. Our aim was to make complexity paradigms and research more accessible to people like ourselves, that is, practitioning language teachers who also engage in research” (p. 6). When going over the successive chapters included in this edited collection, I was constantly asking myself if the authors were succeeding in accomplishing this undoubtedly ambitious goal, and it is this vital issue that the review focuses on. Given the nature of the book and limitations of space, I am not going to describe in detail, let alone evaluate, each of the chapters. Rather, the comments are meant to refer to the entire publication, even though they might be illustrated by examples taken from specific papers.
Mathematics Teachers’ TPACK Development Based on an Online Course with Geogebra
Authors: Bueno Rafael Winícius da Silva , Lieban Diego , Ballejo Clarissa Coragem
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to discuss the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development by mathematics teachers (preservice and inservice) that participated in an online course for developing educational apps and puzzles with GeoGebra. Theoretical foundations are based on the authors Punya Mishra, Matthew J. Koehler et al, regarding TPACK framework and Margaret Niess et al regarding the development of TPACK by mathematics teachers. The research method is qualitative, and to analyze the thoughts and ideas discussed by the participants, we used the Discursive Textual Analysis. In this regard, three representative categories were used to build the following metatexts: instructional approaches, classroom environment management and teacher’s professional development. Through the Discursive Textual Analysis, it was possible to understand the participants concerns in creating different instructional approaches using Information and Communication Technologies, once they realized that dealing with digital natives requires pedagogical innovations, supported by new technologies, and new ways to configure and manage classroom environments permeated by digital resources.
Uncertainty studies on hydrogen source term with MAAP5 code
Authors: Wang T.-C. , Lee M.
Published: March 2021

In the present study, a methodology is developed to quantify the uncertainties of special model parameters of the integral severe accident analysis code MAAP5. Here, the in-vessel hydrogen production during a core melt accident for Lungmen Nuclear Power Station of Taiwan Power Company, an advanced boiling water reactor, is analyzed. Sensitivity studies are performed to identify those parameters with an impact on the output parameter. For this, multiple calculations of MAAP5 are performed with input combinations generated from Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). The results are analyzed to determine the 95th percentile with 95% confidence level value of the amount of in-vessel hydrogen production. The calculations show that the default model options for IOXIDE and FGBYPA are recommended. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) was used to determine the impact of model parameters on the target output parameters and showed that the three parameters TCLMAX, FCO, FOXBJ are highly influencing the in-vessel hydrogen generation. Suggestions of values of these three parameters are given.
Methodology for integral analysis of ATWS for Kuosheng nuclear power station
Authors: Chien H.-C. , Jsu K.-H. , Lin A.-S. , Lin H.-T. , Lin C. T.
Published: March 2021

An integral analysis methodology for BWR ATWS has been developed. The method covers main scopes about ATWS events, including radiological consequence, primary system integrity, fuel integrity, containment integrity, and long-term shutdown and cooling capability. The primary techniques about this methodology were described herein. The methodology has been applied on Kuosheng nuclear power station to show the applicability. Under this framework, some suggestions were proposed for further development of this methodology. This methodology can give a way to evaluate safety of BWR plants confidently. Further, it can be a tool for developing emergency procedures about severe accidents, or exploring strategies and checking their effectiveness.
On non-normal cyclic subgroups of prime order or order 4 of finite groups
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Han Zhangjia
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we call a finite group

G

G

an

N
L
M

NLM

-group (

N
C
M

NCM

-group, respectively) if every non-normal cyclic subgroup of prime order or order 4 (prime power order, respectively) in

G

G

is contained in a non-normal maximal subgroup of

G

G

. Using the property of

N
L
M

NLM

-groups and

N
C
M

NCM

-groups, we give a new necessary and sufficient condition for

G

G

to be a solvable

T

T

-group (normality is a transitive relation), some sufficient conditions for

G

G

to be supersolvable, and the classification of those groups whose all proper subgroups are

N
L
M

NLM

-groups.
The crystal structure of (3Z,3′Z)-4,4′-((1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(pent-3-en-2-one), C18H24N2O2
Authors: Xiao Yingcong
Published: March 2021

C18H24N2O2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.088(10)  Å, b = 8.911(14) Å, c = 16.44(3) Å, α = 81.772(17)°, β = 84.683(18)°, γ = 76.045(17)°, V = 855(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1858, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (morpholine-1-carbodithioato-κ2-S,S′)bis(triphenylphosphine-κ-P)gold(I), C41H38AuNOP2S2
Authors: Yusuf Tunde L. , Pillay Michael N. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , van Zyl Werner E.
Published: March 2021

C41H38AuNOP2S2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.0821(2) Å, b = 12.9409(2) Å, c = 14.7183(3) Å, α = 76.207(1)°, β = 80.444(1)°, γ = 75.592(1)°, V = 1794.63(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0170, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0407, T = 150 K.
Variables in Designing a Workout
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Nitka Mike
Published: March 2021

Strength and conditioning professionals need to remember the fundamental principles that their profession is based on. Workouts are composed of a host of decisions made, which have been called the “acute program variables.” Choices made within each of these variable domains will affect the stimuli that the workout provides to the body's physiological and adaptive needs.
Стратегия национальной безопасности Великобритании
Authors: Ananieva Elena , Godovanyuk Kira
Published: March 2021

Новый Обзор стратегии национальной безопасности Британии (март 2021 г.) носит комплексный характер и впервые объединил в одной концепции сферы обороны, безопасности, помощи развитию и внешней политики. В записке исследована эволюция подходов к содержанию внешнеполитической стратегии на этапе постбрекзита с акцентом на ее значении для российско-британских отношений.
La transmission et l’articulation des savoirs dans une communauté de pêche au Québec
Authors: Merri Maryvonne
Published: March 2021

Cet article met en regard La transmission des savoirs de Delbos et Jorion avec les récits de formation de pêcheurs québécois. Les équipages québécois ne sont plus uniquement familiaux et les pêcheurs s’inscrivent autant dans une identité biographique pour soi que dans une identité communautaire. Au sein d’une solidarité organique entre le capitaine et les hommes de pont, les formes d’apprentissage, toutes valorisées, varient selon les tâches : les pêcheurs différencient les savoirs locaux implicites, appartenant au capitaine, des apprentissages par l’observation d’autrui, par l’école ou avec des experts. L’innovation technologique est une nouvelle occasion d’activité constructive selon ces pêcheurs.
The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution
Authors: Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Gilman Jessica B. , Brown Steven S. , Eskes Henk , Gomes A. Rita , Lange Anne C. , McDonald Brian C. , Peischl Jeff , Petzold Andreas , Thompson Chelsea R. , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to government interventions to limit the spread of the disease which are unprecedented in recent history; for example, stay at home orders led to sudden decreases in atmospheric emissions from the transportation sector. In this review article, the current understanding of the influence of emission reductions on atmospheric pollutant concentrations and air quality is summarized for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), ammonia, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide (CO). In the first 7 months following the onset of the pandemic, more than 200 papers were accepted by peer-reviewed journals utilizing observations from ground-based and satellite instruments. Only about one-third of this literature incorporates a specific method for meteorological correction or normalization for comparing data from the lockdown period with prior reference observations despite the importance of doing so on the interpretation of results. We use the government stringency index (SI) as an indicator for the severity of lockdown measures and show how key air pollutants change as the SI increases. The observed decrease of NO2 with increasing SI is in general agreement with emission inventories that account for the lockdown. Other compounds such as O3, PM2.5, and CO are also broadly covered. Due to the importance of atmospheric chemistry on O3 and PM2.5 concentrations, their responses may not be linear with respect to primary pollutants. At most sites, we found O3 increased, whereas PM2.5 decreased slightly, with increasing SI. Changes of other compounds are found to be understudied. We highlight future research needs for utilizing the emerging data sets as a preview of a future state of the atmosphere in a world with targeted permanent reductions of emissions. Finally, we emphasize the need to account for the effects of meteorology, emission trends, and atmospheric chemistry when determining the lockdown effects on pollutant concentrations.
Effects of Direct Thermal Method Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Semisolid A6061 Feedstock
Authors: M. Tajudin M. F. , Ahmad A. H. , Rashidi M. M.
Published: March 2021

This paper highlights the effects of pouring temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties of aluminium 6061 semisolid feedstock billets. The semisolid metal feedstock billets were prepared by a direct thermal method (DTM), in which the molten metal was poured into a cylindrical copper mould with a different combination of pouring temperature and holding time before it was solidified in room temperature water. The results show that the sample with pouring temperature slightly above aluminium 6061 liquidus temperature has the lowest porosity, thereby the highest mechanical properties value. The sample with a pouring temperature of 660 °C and holding time of 60 s has the density, tensile strength and hardness properties of 2.701 g/cm3, 146.797 MPa, and 86.5 HV, respectively. Meanwhile, the sample at a pouring temperature of 640 °C and holding time of 20 s has density, tensile strength and hardness properties of 2.527 g/cm3, 65.39 MPa, and 71.79 HV, respectively. The density and fractography tests were conducted to confirm the existence of porosity within the samples. The results from these experimental works suggested that the mechanical properties of DTM semisolid feedstock billet merely depended on processing parameters, which influenced the porosity level within the feedstock billet, thus directly affected their mechanical properties.
Students' Sustainable Waste Management Behaviors: Comparison Between Vocational and Public High School
Authors: Utami Sagitaningtyas Susanti , Nuh Mohammad , Sentanu I Gede Eko Putra Sri
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to comparing the behavior of high school students concerning sustainable waste management behavior between vocational and public school students. Management behaviors include waste prevention, reuse, recycling, green purchasing and waste disposal. The analysis uses a multivariate of covariance (MANCOVA) that the data collected by questionnaire involving 347 high school students in Tulungagung Regency. The findings presented here based on ProtectionÂ MotivationÂ Theory (PMT), from both types of schools it shows that threat appraisal has a significantly more influence on studentâ€™s participation in Sustainable Waste Management Behaviors (SWMBs) than Coping appraisal in the level of significance 5%. Furthermore, it is also revealed that there are significant differentiation (p<0,05) SWMBs between the students of SMK 3 Boyolangu and SMA 1 Tulungagung. In order for students to understand the value of action and know which actions will mitigate waste effects, awareness must be provided to different forms of sustainable action strategies and the severity of waste disposal issues.
Technology Absorption as a Main Indicator of Global Entrepreneurship Performance
Authors: Prasetyo P Eko
Published: March 2021

In the globalization era, technology absorption capacity is increasingly vital to own to improve the performance of entrepreneurial industry. The aim of this study was to elaborate the main role of technology absorption as the main determinant to boost the performance of global entrepreneurship. For the sake of analysis, the researchers took primary data from global entrepreneurship index (GEIINDEX, 2019) containing 137 countries that have been surveyed (Acs, 2019). The method of analysis used was path analysis model in recursive form derived from the experimental model of multiple regression method in form of ordinary least square (OLS). The results showed that technology absorption (TA) positively and significantly became the main determinant in improving the capacity and performance of global entrepreneurship, while the opportunity start-up (OS) was the supporting determinant. Shortly, the entrepreneurial industry should have the capacity of technology absorption and mastery to start a business (OS), improve capacity (ABT), and sustainably encourage the excellence of Global Entrepreneurship Performance (GEP)
Measures Taken by Governments to Mitigate the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indirect Financial Support to Business
Authors: Kanapickienė Rasa , Keliuotytė-Staniulėnienė Greta , Teresienė Deimantė , Budrienė Daiva , Valukonis Mantas
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis differs in nature from the previous financial crisis and therefore different solutions must be taken. In this context, governments are seeking to help businesses deal with the effects of the pandemic, which have had the greatest impact on corporate liquidity. The analysis of government support measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that EU governments use not only direct but also indirect financial support to business. However, the latter is not sufficiently analysed in scientific works. The aim of the study is to analyse the measures of indirect financial support for business applied by EU governments and to provide the classification of the measures described. In order to achieve the aim, the following methods of scientific research were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, and analogy of scientific literature, normative documents, reports and reviews of international organisations, and support measures applied in governments’ practice. The study developed an original structure of government indirect financial support measures for business, comprising three components of government support measures: (1) minimisation of legal norms related to corporate finance; (2) indirect financial assistance related to labour law; (3) strengthening the legal framework for corporate finance. The measures analysed are described in more detail by distinguishing them into separate groups. The structure developed is based on concrete examples of application in EU countries and could contribute to a more targeted approach to business support in the future.
Evaluation of the European Union’s Policy of Cryptocurrencies‘ Regulation
Authors: Turskytė Ieva , Šapkauskienė Alfreda
Published: March 2021

In 2008, a global financial crisis happened. It led to strong currency price volatility. Because of that, discussions on the need for an alternative, institution-independent currency occurred. Due to this reason the first decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin was created. The new and not yet explored concept of cryptocurrency changed the previously strictly defined role of money. Currently, with the growth of the cryptocurrency market, the most important regional institutions (e.g. FED, EBA) provide regulatory guidelines of a recommendatory nature. The regulations of these institutions remain significant, reflecting the dominant approach to digital money. Because of this reason, the aim of the study is to identify the factors that determine the difficulties in the legalization process of cryptocurrencies and to investigate the features of the European Union's cryptocurrency regulatory policy. Methods used: analysis of scientific literature and legal documents, systematization, comparison, interpretation and generalization of information. The results of the study show that the European Union has taken active regulatory action with the growing importance of cryptocurrencies in the world. To date, a document regulating the definition of cryptocurrencies has not yet been adopted at Union level, but the adoption of the cryptocurrency regulation proposal presented in 2020 would mean greater clarity and security for cryptocurrency issuers, intermediaries and users.
Аканье и оканье в северной чаcти Псковской облаcти (полновские говоры)
Authors: Чекмонас Валерий
Published: March 2021

В докладе приводятся новые данные о лингвографии так наз. полновской системы предударного вокализма, в которой, как извecтно, сочетаются принципы аканья-яканья и оканья, описываются две не отмеченные ранее его разновидности, а также анализируются особенности безударного вокализма целого ряда говоров, для которых этот тип вокализма характерен. На основании полученных данных выдвигается гипотеза о том, что полновский вокализм является поздним новообразованием, сформировавшимся, скорее всего, в результате распpocтpaнения окающих говоров в ареале гдовской системы предударного вокализма, и принимается, что некоторые особенности полновских говоров, возможно, отражают влияние финно-угорского субстрата.
Sistem Informasi Spasial untuk Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Berapi
Authors: Septianto Diar Ichrom , Arham Zainul , Rustamaji Eri
Published: March 2021

Terhitung sekitar 13% gunung api dunia berada di wilayah Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah Semeru. Kawah gunung Semeru setiap jamnya mengalami erupsi sebanyak 3 sampai 4 kali. Bila gunung tertinggi di pulau Jawa ini meletus diperkirakan akan mengancam sekitar lebih dari 60 ribu jiwa. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana selaku yang bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan penanggulangan bencana, melakukan upaya pengurangan resiko atau mitigasi, untuk menekan jumlah korban yang ditimbulkan. Namun dalam penerapannya terdapat permasalahan seperti data mitigasi yang tidak terintegrasi, peta tematik yang bersifat manual, dan terbatasnya pengetahuan mitigasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Spasial Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api untuk mendukung kegiatan pengurangan resiko bencana gunung api. Metode Rapid Application Development dan tools Unified Modelling Language digunakan untuk mengembangkan sistem. Untuk mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Bahasa pemograman PHP dan Java serta framework Laravel dan MySQL digunakan untuk membangun sistem. Untuk pemetaan menggunakan ArcGis sedangkan uji coba sistem menggunakan metode Black Box Testing. Sistem yang dihasilkan dapat menampilkan informasi mitigasi bencana letusan gunung api. Terdapat fitur pemetaan, untuk memberikan visualisasi mengenai daerah rawan serta letak lokasi penting. Melalui sistem ini masyarakat dapat dengan mudah memperoleh informasi terkait pengurangan resiko dan dapat meningkatkan kesiapsiagaannya terhadap bencana letusan gunung api.