bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary habits as risk factor of gallstone disease in Benghazi, Libya: a case control study
Authors: Tajoury Othman , Rages Naela A. , Rashid Bushra M. , Zoubi Asma M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common diseases in developed and developing countries; recent studies have expressed evidence in the context of the role of nutrition in the gallstone disease etiology. The most common risk factors for gallstones formations are old age, female gender, obesity and diabetes mellitus. The dietary risk factors, includes consumption of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and dietary products, Moreover, healthy dietary pattern, coffee, rich sources of vitamins as fruits and vegetables do have protection role of gallstones. Our aim is to determine the dietary habits as a risk factor of gallstone diseases admitted in Al-Jala Hospital.
Methods: An analytic case control study the data collected from documents of gall bladder stone (GBS) cases that have presented in surgical department and controls from other departments at Al Jala Hospital of Benghazi-Libya between January 2023 and December 2023.
Results: The results of the study showed that cases diagnosed with GBS had high dietary intake of carbohydrates, fat, dairy products and meats and whereas had low dietary intake of vegetables and fruits which highly containing fibers, vitamins and minerals in contrast controls had low intake of carbohydrates, fat, dairy products and meats and whereas had high dietary intake of vegetables and fruit (vitamins and minerals) and caffeine.
Conclusions: The study concluded that dietary risk factors that contributing to the high prevalence of gall stone formation were because of high intake of high carbohydrates, proteins and fatty diets and low intake of dietary fiber vitamins and minerals as well as caffeine also cases ender and high body mass index (BMI) play important role in gall stone formation.
Utilization of breast magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative setting and its ability to better predict local staging in non-metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: Liu Yifan , Gu Ji
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast cancer can be difficult to stage using ultrasound (USS) and mammography (MMG) alone. The use of MRI in the pre-operative setting has been increasingly incorporated to aid in treatment planning. However, the indications for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not universally agreed upon, and its direct impact on patient care requires further research. This paper aims to assess pre-operative non-metastatic breast cancer patients to determine whether breast MRI led to changes in management and to evaluate its accuracy in predicting tissue staging when compared to ultrasound and mammography.
Method: This is a retrospective study of 44 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer who underwent upfront surgery and received pre-operative breast MRI between March 1, 2022, and March 1, 2024. Patient demographics, pre-operative imaging (including USS, MMG, and MRI), and final tissue histology were reviewed. The findings from breast MRI and its impact on pre-operative planning, as well as its concordance with final tissue histological staging, were assessed.
Results: Of the 44 patients who underwent pre-operative breast MRI, 12 experienced a change in management, and 11 required additional investigations. This was largely due to an upstaging of the disease, leading to mastectomy instead of the previously planned breast-conserving surgery. Furthermore, breast MRI demonstrated better concordance with final histological staging at 69.4% compared to USS/MMG alone at 52.7%.
Conclusion: Breast MRI is a valuable tool in pre-operative planning for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. It can significantly affect surgical management in a substantial proportion of patients and has been shown to be more accurate in estimating disease burden.
Optimizing ventral hernia repair: our experience with laparoscopic intra-peritoneal onlay mesh plus
Authors: Faruk M. Omar , Jalil M. Abdul , Iffat Tanjim , Parvin M. Maksuda , Bhuiyan M. Jahangir Hossain
Published: December 2024

Background: Ventral hernia repair remains a challenge, with laparoscopic techniques showing potential for lower recurrence and complications. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the Laparoscopic intra-peritoneal Onlay mesh plus (LIPOMPlus) approach in ventral hernia repair.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at Ibn Sina medical college hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2016 to December 2017, enrolling 75 patients with ventral hernias. Patient demographics, perioperative data, and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed. The primary endpoints included recurrence, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction.
Results: The mean age was 45.6±12.3 years, with a female predominance (53.3%). The average operative time was 95±20 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 3.2±1.1 days. Complications were minimal: seroma (1.3%), hematoma (2.7%), port site infection (4%) and/or mesh infection (1.3%), and mesh rejection (1.3%). Only 2.7% of patients experienced hernia recurrence. Patients reported high satisfaction (mean score of 8.7±1.3), and the mean time to return to normal activities was 14±4 days.
Conclusions: The LIPOMPlus technique for ventral hernia repair demonstrated low complication and recurrence rate, high patient satisfaction, and a favorable recovery profile. These findings support LIPOMPlus as a viable and effective approach for ventral hernia management, warranting further investigation in diverse settings.
Operative time and surgical efficiency in end-to-end versus side-to-end colorectal anastomosis for rectal cancer
Authors: Haque Asif Almas , Ovi Mir Rasekh Alam , Jalal Mohammad Tanvir
Published: December 2024

Background: Side-to-end anastomosis (SEA) and end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) are widely used techniques in colorectal cancer surgery, yet their comparative outcomes remain a subject of debate. This study evaluates operative time, surgical efficiency, and functional outcomes of SEA versus EEA in patients undergoing low anterior resection for rectal cancer.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, (BSMMU) Dhaka, from March to November 2023. Forty-four patients were purposively sampled and randomized into SEA and EEA groups. Intraoperative variables, postoperative outcomes, and functional results, including low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scores, were evaluated at multiple intervals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: The ASA PS classification and preoperative tumor stages were similar across groups. Splenic flexure mobilization was universally performed in SEA (100%) and in 90.9% of EEA patients (p=0.385). Blood loss was comparable between groups (<100 mL in 90.9% of SEA and 95.5% of EEA, p=0.157). Operative time was significantly longer in SEA (183.0±10.2 minutes) compared to EEA (151.0±12.8 minutes, p<0.05). Postoperative LARS scores revealed no significant differences, with major LARS observed in 39% of EEA patients and 61% of SEA patients (p>0.05). Anastomotic line bleeding was infrequent in both groups, with no statistically significant differences.
Conclusions: Both SEA and EEA demonstrated comparable safety and functional outcomes in rectal cancer surgery. SEA was associated with longer operative times but offered similar functional and surgical efficiency. The findings highlight the viability of both techniques, with the choice depending on patient-specific and surgical considerations.
Outcomes of free flap reconstructive surgery in cancer patients-institutional experience
Authors: R. R. Pravenkumar , J. J. Lankaram , P. Nellaiyappar
Published: December 2024

Background: The success rate of free flap reconstruction following cancer surgery has steadily improved over past decades and has achieved a success rate of 91–99%, but occasional failures still occur. The aim of this study was to identify the outcomes of free flap reconstructions in our institution. The primary objective was to assess the success rates of free tissue transfer. The second objective was to assess independent preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative risk factors for flap loss after microvascular reconstruction.
Methods: All consecutive cancer patients who received a free flap for head and neck, appendicular bone, perineal, and extremity reconstruction between October 2020 and September 2023 in our institute were included. Patient characteristics, surgical data, postoperative complications, and reoperations were collected.
Results: A total of 37 patients who underwent reconstruction by free flaps were analysed. The overall flap success rate was 73%. Among 37 patients, 12 (32.4%) had flap complications and 10 (27%) had flap loss. Smoking, comorbidity, and operating time did not show significant association with flap failure whereas the choice of flap, reconstruction post radiation, and reconstruction for recurrent cancers showed significant association with flap loss.
Conclusion: The overall success rate of 73% in free flap reconstructive surgery in our study mandates us to modify our treatment policy by careful patient selection, better choice of free flap, improved treatment algorithm in terms of flap monitoring and timing of re-exploration, which will help in reduction of free flap failure rates.
Analytical study of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients of gallstones with dyspepsia
Authors: Malik Mehnish , Bhimani Zulekha , Eswar P. S. , Shah Nidhi , Singh Shivam
Published: December 2024

Background: The relationship between gallstones and dyspepsia is complex and not fully understood. This study aimed to analyze the use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as a pre-operative investigation tool in gallstone disease associated with dyspepsia.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 100 patients with gallstones and dyspepsia at D. Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, over a two-year period. Demographic data, clinical presentations, endoscopic findings and treatment outcomes were analyzed.
Results: The majority of patients (46%) were in the 41-50 age group, with a female preponderance (68%). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (99%). Upper GI endoscopy revealed abnormal findings in 66% of patients, with gastritis (26%) being the most frequent abnormality. H. pylori infection was present in 75% of patients. Most patients (92%) underwent cholecystectomy, with 58% receiving additional H.PYLORI treatment. Symptom relief within 1-4 weeks was observed in 64% of patients. Significant associations were found between USG findings and treatment choice (p<0.001) and between USG findings and time for symptom relief (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Upper GI endoscopy revealed a high prevalence of abnormal findings in patients with gallstones and dyspepsia. The significant associations between USG findings, treatment choice and symptom relief highlight the importance of comprehensive pre-operative evaluation in these patients. These findings suggest that upper GI endoscopy and H. pylori testing may be valuable in guiding management decisions for patients with gallstones and dyspepsia.
Hypertonic dextrose compare with other substances for knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized control trial
Authors: Tri Cahyadi N. Indra , Steven Paul
Published: December 2024

Background: Globally, osteoarthritis (OA) highly prevalent in the elderly more than 80% of those over 55 years old. At least 151 million people worldwide are afflicted. The knees, hips and spine are the joint areas that are most frequently affected. For the treatment of knee OA, intra-articular injection like stem cells, platelet rich plasma (PRP), and hypertonic dextrose (HD) the most used prolotherapy fluid is HD. It is widely accessible, reasonably inexpensive priced and reportedly safe. The aim of this meta-analysis is to thoroughly assess and compare the results of intra articular dextrose prolotherapy with hyaluronic acid and normal saline, with a focus on visual analog scale (VAS) and WOMAC score.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across major electronic databases for relevant studies published from 2014 to 2024. Studies that compare intra articular dextrose prolotherapy with hyaluronic acid and normal saline for knee OA were included. We recorded the first author, year, study design, sample number, age, sex, Kellgren Lawrence grade, VAS and WOMAC score were extracted and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results: The initial search yielded a total of 2371 studies, of which 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of a total of 372 patients of intra articular dextrose prolotherapy with hyaluronic acid and normal saline for knee OA. It shows that there is no significant difference in VAS score between two groups (MD=-0.72, 95% CI:-1.74 to 0.31, p=0.17). There was no difference in WOMAC score between two groups.
Conclusions: Our results show that both methods provide similar outcome in pain scale and WOMAC score. More over to enhance the efficacy of prolotherapy in comparison to alternative treatments like HA or saline injections, it is suggested that a multicenter clinical trial with a larger number of participants be carried out.
Case study of disseminated leiomyomatosis with urological and colorectal involvement and a literature review
Authors: Habib Dato Outban , Rebbania M. , Akhdamcha A. , Kaid Kaid M. , Moctar Noufou Fodiya , Yaka M. , Njoumi N. , Fahssi M. El , Hajjouji A. El , Alia Abdelmounaim Ait
Published: December 2024

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL), also known as diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis, is a rare disease characterized by a sub peritoneal proliferation of benign nodules, mainly composed of benign smooth muscle cells, macroscopically mimicking peritoneal carcinosis. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient, with hypertension under treatment, being followed for the management of pauci-symptomatic abdominopelvic masses, evolving in a context of conservation of the general state, who underwent hysterectomy with adnexectomy by laparotomy for uterine myoma. Imaging revealed three masses, extending from the perigastric to the pelvic region, with areas of necrosis, moderate peritoneal effusion and lumbo-aortic and primitive iliac lymph nodes with small infracentimetric axes. The management consisted of a complete cytoreduction. Postoperative management was straightforward. LPD is a rare condition, with around 200 cases published in the literature. Its incidence is estimated at around 1/10,000,000, given the generally asymptomatic nature of the disease. The etiopathogenesis of this condition remains poorly elucidated, although several causal theories have been described in the literature, including hormonal, iatrogenic and congenital or hereditary. The management of LPD is not currently standardized, but surgery remains the gold standard. LPD is a rare, benign condition characterized by sub peritoneal proliferation of smooth muscle cells. It occurs most frequently in women of childbearing age, but can also occur in postmenopausal women and men. Treatments for LPD are not standardized, and further studies are required in the near future.
Intestinal obstruction due to small bowel volvulus
Authors: Maharjan Suresh , Thapa Kaushal Samsher , Shakya Niliza , Ghimire Sabin Kumar , Baruwal Anuj
Published: December 2024

Primary small bowel volvulus is very rare and has feature of intestinal obstruction. Patient usually has unviable segment of bowel with need of resection intra-operatively. In our case report we present case of 88 years male presented in emergency department with features of bowel obstruction and pre-operative abdominal x-ray showed small bowel obstruction followed by CT scan which revealed small bowel volvulus at terminal ileum. Exploratory laparotomy was done and with untwisting of involved segment without need of resection and patient was discharged uneventfully with normal post-operative recovery and follows up also showed no any issue.
Gallstone ileus: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction
Authors: Gama Barbara N. , C. Rodrigues Catarina , D.Couto Bruno , M. Martins Filipe , Rosa Isabel , Rosa Nisalda , Rosa Madalena
Published: December 2024

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of choledocholithiasis, characterized by mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by the impaction of a gallstone within the gastrointestinal tract. Patients typically present with nonspecific symptoms, which may be intermittent due to the movement of the calculus along the gastrointestinal tract. We report the case of an 89-year-old patient who presented to our emergency department with intestinal obstruction caused by a gallstone. After hemodynamic stabilization, the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, followed by enterolithotomy, without addressing the cholecystoduodenal fistula. This condition presents a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity, nonspecific clinical presentation, and the intermittent nature of the disease (tumbling phenomenon). As such, a high index of suspicion is essential, particularly in elderly patients with a history of gallbladder lithiasis. The main controversy in surgical treatment revolves around the extent of surgery and the timing of the procedures. In most cases, isolated enterolithotomy is recommended, as it is a less invasive approach, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
A case report on a rare primary bone tumour: sacral chordoma presenting as sacral swelling with sphincter dysfunction
Authors: A. Latheef Nashwa , James Emmanuel , Paulose Leo , Karilly Praveen , Karuthillam Premkumar
Published: December 2024

Chordoma is a rare, locally aggressive malignant tumour arising from remnants of the notochord, primarily affecting the axial skeleton, seen twice often in males above 40 years. This case report presents a 50-year-old male with primary sacral chordoma, emphasizing the need for early evaluation, treatment modalities and focusing on the importance of sacral nerve preservation during surgery for better functional outcome. Purpose of the study was to demonstrate the significance of early evaluation and diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of at least unilateral sacral nerve root preservation for optimizing postoperative bowel and bladder function. A 50-year-old male presented with sacral swelling, saddle anaesthesia, lower backache, urinary incontinence, and constipation. Examination revealed a firm, immobile sacral mass with reduced anal sphincter tone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested the presence of a sacral chordoma, leading to the planning of surgical resection. Intraoperatively, frozen section analysis confirmed the diagnosis of chordoma. Intraoperatively, the lesion was found to extend predominantly toward the left side, necessitating careful dissection and preservation of the sacral nerve roots on the right side. Post-operatively, the patient experienced improved bowel and bladder function, along with significant pain relief. The patient showed substantial postoperative improvement, with resolution of urinary and bowel dysfunction. Follow-up imaging revealed no tumour recurrence. Preservation of sacral nerve roots was crucial to the patient’s recovery, improving overall quality of life. This case highlights the need to consider chordoma in the differential diagnosis of sacral masses and emphasizes the importance of sacral nerve root preservation during resection to optimize functional outcomes in patients with this rare tumour.
Exploring the association between age-related macular degeneration and 25-hydroxy vitamin D level: A causal connection
Authors: Jabeen Asma , Qayum Shazia
Published: December 2024

Age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is a common cause of permanent loss of vision that mostly affects elderly population. Complex interplay between genetic and environmental variables are part of the pathogenesis. Vitamin D, namely 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], has drawn interest because of its anti-inflammatory and protective characteristics, which may contribute to AMD. Given the current situation of its increasing incidence and the possible significance of vitamin D for retinal health, the purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between blood 25(OH) D levels and AMD severity in the Indian population.

: As per the criteria outlined in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), 112 patients in a cohort study were divided into three AMD severity groups at the Eye Department of ASCOMS Medical College in India. Clinical evaluations, the gathering of demographic data, and biochemical studies of serum 25(OH) D levels were carried out. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and comparisons with other research conducted internationally were among the statistical analyses performed.

The study showed a substantial correlation between serum 25(OH) D levels and the severity of AMD compared to early-stage instances (Group 1: mean = 30.5 ng/mL, SD = 4.1), patients with advanced-stage AMD (Group 3) had lower 25(OH) D levels (mean = 25.3 ng/mL, SD = 4.7). In line with previous research, two important risk factors for AMD were found: a history of smoking and a family history of the disease.

: In summary, this study provides important new information on the relationship between the severity of AMD and serum 25(OH)D levels in the Indian population. This is consistent with the data that is now available, which indicates that the retina and retinal pigment epithelium have vitamin D receptors. Despite being observational, the results encourage further research into the underlying processes and the causal link. The risk factors that have been found highlight how crucial it is for public health efforts to focus on modifiable variables like smoking. In summary, this study establishes the groundwork for further investigation, which might lead to the development of innovative approaches for managing and preventing AMD.
Comparison of endothelial cell loss using specular microscopy in diabetic verses non-diabetic patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery at an eye hospital in central India
Authors: Raghuvanshi Aishwarya Singh , Upadhyaya Prerna
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus causes several ophthalmic complications including retinopathy, cataract, and damage to the anterior chamber of the eye including various layers of the cornea.

To compare endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery for cataracts among diabetics and non-diabetic patients.

A single-centre, hospital-based, prospective, comparative, 1:1 observational study enrolling participants a total of 200 participants were enrolled (100 diabetic and non-diabetic) and were followed up from the preoperative period to 3 months after surgery. The data pertaining to endothelial cell density, coefficient of variance, endothelial cell hexagonality and central corneal thickness were recorded using specular microscopy before, 1-, 7-, 30-, and 90 days after cataract surgery.

There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the endothelial cell density, coefficient of variance, endothelial cell hexagonality, and central corneal thickness among the diabetic and non-diabetic patients at each follow-up visit after surgery. The ECD was comparatively lowest among the participants with >10 years of diabetes and highest among patients with < 5 years of diabetes. The percentage change in ECD on days 1-, 7-, 30-, and 90 days of cataract surgery among the diabetic patients was 8.8%, 11.7%, 12.9% and 18.7%, respectively. The mean ECH among the patients with < 5 years, 5-10 years, and > 10 years of diabetes was 65.7%, 62.5% and 57.5%, respectively.

In comparison to non-diabetic patients, there was a considerable loss of endothelial cell function among diabetic individuals following cataract surgery. Furthermore, a slower and poorer healing response was seen in patients with diabetes.
Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome with venous sinus thrombosis: A rare association
Authors: Yadav Neha , Yadav Dinkar , Sharma Renu , Bhalla Suchi , Bhalla Kapil
Published: December 2024

Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome or Cranio-cerebello-cardiac syndrome (3C syndrome) is a rare disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Very few reported cases till now (<50 cases) and a prevalence of 1 in 1 million live births. It is characterized by cardiac defects, central nervous system anomalies like cerebellar hypoplasia, and craniofacial anomalies. Exact etiology is difficult to understand however mutation in chromosome 8q24 coding for strumpellin protein has been found. Index case presented with complaints of craniofacial abnormalities with abnormal cardiovascular examination. Typical clinical presentation, Echocardiography and Neuroimaging support the diagnosis of this rare syndrome.
Lipemia retinalis: Case report
Authors: Wadwekar Bhagwati , Angalan Vinitha
Published: December 2024

Lipemia retinalis is a condition where the retinal blood vessels appear salmon pink to creamy white in color. It typically happens in individuals with either primary or secondary hyperlipidemia. This distinct appearance is caused by the presence of circulating chylomicrons in the blood.

A 56-year-old female presented with dense, yellowish hypopigmented patches on the upper eyelids of both eyes. She was a known case of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia on irregular medication. The examination revealed lipemia retinalis with creamy coloured vessels. The patient was started on lipid lowering drugs.
Educação Financeira nas escolas: percepções dos professores de Matemática sobre seu impacto no endividamento das famílias
Authors: Matos Iraci , Cavalcante Rangel Fernanda , Cruz Felipe
Published: December 2024

Pesquisas mostram que o número de inadimplentes no Brasil vem alcançando recordes nos últimos anos. O Governo Federal fez várias iniciativas para conter este avanço, sendo a mais recente a criação do Projeto de Lei 3145 de 2020, que torna obrigatória a inclusão da educação financeira como tema transversal dos currículos dos ensinos fundamental e médio. Este trabalho procurou entender se a educação financeira nas escolas pode ser uma das soluções de longo prazo para reduzir o endividamento das famílias brasileiras. Para tanto, entrevistou professores de Matemática que atuam em escolas públicas e privadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A entrevista apontou que a educação financeira pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz na redução da inadimplência. Entretanto, o ensino da educação financeira tem ficado a cargo e critério dos professores e a aplicação, quando existe, é diferente entre as escolas onde atuam os entrevistados. A pesquisa ressaltou que o ensino de educação financeira depende da importância que o professor de matemática dá a esta matéria, vis-à-vis outros tópicos.
Medindo a circunferência da Terra: uma experiência de trabalho com engajamento virtual
Authors: Martins Alessandro , Oliveira Lima Thiago , Cunha Vilela Rivelino , Maciel Matos Alexandre , Felipe Raffa Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

O Brasil é um país de dimensões continentais. A sua superfície é cortada por dois paralelos dos principais círculos de latitude: o Equador e o Trópico de Capricórnio.  Neste ambiente, educadores têm  reproduzido o clássico Experimento de Eratóstenes  que permite estimar o valor da circunferência do planeta Terra. Há alguns anos a ação mundial faz parte do projeto organizado pelo Research and Development Department of Ellinogermaniki Agogi - Grécia, com o apoio da International Astronomical Union (IAU). Nesse sentido, a interação entre educadores de ciências de quatro instituições localizadas  em diferentes regiões do Brasil permitiu reproduzir, simultaneamente, o Experimento de Eratóstenes com toda a atividade experimental transmitida de forma online com o uso da plataforma YouTube, e participação de docentes e estudantes visando contribuir o aprendizado e com o propósito de agregar mais conhecimento junto a comunidade.  Os dados foram coletados nas cidades de Macapá (AP), Imperatriz (MA), Jataí (GO) e Itapetininga (SP) cujas longitudes são muito próximas. O Experimento foi desenvolvido nos anos de 2020 e 2022, durante o solstício de verão e equinócio da primavera no Hemisfério Sul. Os resultados obtidos com este trabalho de engajamento virtual são discutidos em detalhes.
Sequência didática para o ensino de Arthropoda utilizando o aplicativo TikTok como ferramenta pedagógica
Authors: Ferreira Paulo , Dantas Jedna , Costa Pamela
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo trata sobre a sequência didática como alternativa no ensino de Arthropoda utilizando o aplicativo TikTok. Para isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi construir, aplicar e avaliar uma sequência didática no ensino de Arthropoda por meio da produção de vídeos no TikTok por alunos de uma turma de 3° ano do ensino médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará – IFPA Campus Belém. Realizou-se então, uma pesquisa qualitativa com metodologia baseada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel, sendo fragmentada em quatro momentos constituídos por aulas expositivas, aplicações de questionários-testes e uma atividade para produção de vídeos. Diante disso, verificou-se que após a sua aplicação muitos conhecimentos sobre Filo Arthropoda foram compreendidos, além disso, as experiências dos discentes com a ferramenta TikTok foram consideradas lúdicas, criativas e contribuíram para esta aprendizagem, sendo possível concluir que esta sequência didática pode ser aprimorada e utilizada como proposta de ensino em sala de aula por outros educadores.
Palavras-chave: Sequência didática. TikTok. Ensino. Arthropoda.
Vídeo animação “Você sabe o que é limpo e sujo? Nós vamos te contar”: percepções das crianças pequenas em uma visão antropológica
Authors: Bandeira da Costa Lenine , Brandão dos Santos Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Este artigo descreve a criação e os objetivos da animação intitulada “Você sabe o que é limpo e sujo? Nós vamos te contar: percepções das crianças pequenas em uma visão antropológica” como parte integrante do projeto de mestrado profissional do Programa de Pós-Graduação em ensino das Ciências da UNIGRANRIO. A animação tem como propósito principal abordar o tema higiene a partir de uma perspectiva de Educação Antropológica, para compreender como as crianças pequenas (3 e 4 anos de idade) entendem o conceito de limpo e sujo em um contexto coletivo educativo, partindo do princípio de que o desconhecimento desses conceitos impactam de forma concreta na saúde de seus corpos, possibilitando o surgimento de novas doenças. A criação da animação correlaciona o discurso coletivo após coleta e análise dos dados de pesquisa atrelados aos conteúdos considerados relevantes para o coletivo das profissionais da unidade infantil, lócus da pesquisa. A animação poderá ser incorporada ao planejamento pedagógico nas unidades infantis de todo o país como ponto de partida para desenvolverem suas próprias animações a respeito dos conceitos de limpo e sujo imbuídas das percepções de suas crianças pequenas. As educadoras poderão agregar novas descobertas na busca por essas percepções e refletir a respeito de suas estratégias pedagógicas. Acredita-se que por meio deste movimento de Educação Antropológica em um movimento inverso a projetos assistencialistas na educação infantil quando se fala em higiene, haverá a facilidade de compreensão dos conceitos também pela animação produzida e linguagem direcionada às crianças pequenas. A animação, apesar de se encontrar em fase prototípica, tem repercutido de maneira positiva entre as profissionais da Educação participantes da pesquisa que colaboraram para a idealização desse Produto Educacional. O projeto tem se revelado uma evocação convidativa para outros pares caminharem rumo à direção de práticas significativas e libertadoras na Educação Infantil.
Videoanálise e anemocoria: ensinando mecânica Newtoniana com o estudo do movimento de frutos alados
Authors: Henriques Longaresi Rafael , Gozzi Giovani , V Peres Marcus , A Lenz Jorge , M. Bezerra-Jr Arandi
Published: December 2024

O ensino de física na contemporaneidade apresenta possibilidades para conjugar tecnologias de ensino a metodologias inovadoras, visando abordagens interdisciplinares, não segmentadas e com foco nos fundamentos dessa ciência: observação e seleção de fenômenos, realização de experimentos, modelagem matemática e utilização de recursos computacionais. No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma abordagem experimental associada à modelagem científica para o estudo da anemocoria (disseminação de sementes, pólen e frutos pelo vento) no contexto de aulas de física. As atividades de experimentação foram realizadas utilizando a videoanálise por meio do software Traker. A partir da caracterização do movimento de queda dos frutos da espécie Tipuana tipu (Sâmara), foram feitos estudos de cinemática, dinâmica, conservação da energia e trabalho mecânico para descrever o movimento de queda e caracterizar os processos de conservação e transformação de energia. Essas atividades experimentais, foram desenvolvidas em um curso de licenciatura em biologia, abordando os princípios físicos relacionados com a dispersão de frutos e evidenciando o papel da transferência de energia entre o fruto e o ar, possibilitando um ensino integrado de fundamentos da cinemática, da mecânica e correlações entre física e biologia. A proposta apresenta, portanto, caráter interdisciplinar e tem o condão de ser utilizada nos diversos níveis de ensino.
Reduction of pressure fluctuations in the discharge lines of screw compressors
Authors: Vidyaskina Anna N. , Belov Olegovich O. , Kryuchkov Aleksandr N. , Taziev Kirill S.
Published: December 2024

The article highlights the relevance of reducing the intensity of oscillations in the discharge lines of screw compressors. A calculation methodology for compressor flow oscillations is presented, based on the actual geometry of the screw rotors and the discharge port. Schemes for autonomous and integrated gas oscillation silencers are proposed, designed for installation in the compressor discharge pipeline and housing. The study includes an efficiency analysis of the flow pulsation silencers, demonstrating their high effectiveness within the frequency range up to 2 kHz.
Institutionalizing maqāsid ḥifz al-naṣl within the Minangkabau inheritance framework
Authors: Elfia Elfia , Nurus Shalihin  , Surwati Surwati , Fajri Yan , Aulia Rahmat
Published: December 2024

This research explores the utilization of inherited assets by the Minangkabau community in Indonesia, moving from individual and consumptive practices to collective and productive maṣlaḥah. Data were collected through interviews with ninik mamak (traditional leader), heirs, and ulama (religious scholar). The analysis involved managing the data, reading and recording, describing, categorizing, interpreting, and visualizing the information. The findings were examined using the maqāsid framework. This research highlights the shift in how inherited assets are being utilized, from individual consumption to collective productivity within the clan. A further finding reveals that this transformation is particularly evident in the use of houses and land. Rumah gadang (traditional houses of Minangkabau), formerly served as a venue for customary activities, has been repurposed into a homestay and cafe. Meanwhile, the lands have been converted for organic farming and irrigation, benefiting a greater community. The research concludes that the shift in the Minangkabau community's approach to managing and utilizing heritage assets—from personal and consumptive to collective and productive—demonstrates that these cultural assets can be used for the welfare of the extended family and the common good. The integration of the maqāsid framework in this research not only helps in fostering collective maṣlaḥah for Minangkabau inheritance but also sets the foundation for broadening the scope of maqāsid analysis. Traditionally focused on individuals, particularly in preserving and enhancing human resources, this framework is extended in this research to the development and advancement of institutions, introducing the concept of "institutional Maqāsid”.
Management of Cocoa Plant Pests & Diseases in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Nurhikmah Mutmainna Sari  , Abdul Munif  , Widodo  , Agus Purwantara
Published: December 2024

East Luwu Regency is one of South Sulawesi's regencies with potential in the plantation sector, especially cocoa plants, with a production of 12,250 tons/year. Cocoa productivity has yet to be achieved optimally due to the lack of care and maintenance carried out by farmers, which increases the intensity of pest & disease attacks. This study evaluates farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and actions in managing cocoa plants and plant pathogens in East Luwu Regency. This study was conducted through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire sent to 50 farmers in Burau and Wotu Districts, East Luwu Regency. Respondents were selected purposively, considering that they were easy to find and the location of the plantation was easy to reach. Data are presented in tabular, graphical, and descriptive forms in Microsoft Excel to explain the relationship between farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and actions in managing cocoa VSD disease. The results showed that most of the respondent were active farmer groups. Pests & diseases are problems farmers face in cocoa cultivation. Most farmers used the MCC 02 clone, and the planting distance was 3´3 m. The diseases most commonly found in farmers' cocoa fields include VSD, fruit rot, upas fungus, and stem cancer. Pest & disease control was done through chemical pesticides and pruning (cultivation techniques). Cocoa farmers in Burau and Wotu Districts routinely carry out pruning to control disease in cocoa fields. Farmers prune cocoa plants to remove diseased branches and stimulate the growth of flowers and fruit.
Keywords: action, attitude, knowledge, questionnaire
Dinin İktidarı İktidarın Dini Hilafet, Siyaset ve İslâm (750-833)
Authors: Avcı Metin
Published: December 2024

Hz. Peygamberin vefatı sonrası yaşanan bazı siyasî hadiseler, itikadî İslam mezheplerinin ortaya çıkışını doğrudan etkilemiştir. Özellikle Muâviye b. Ebî Süfyân’ın temellerini attığı Emevîler Hilafeti ve ezelî hasımları olan Şîa ve Abbasoğulları iş birliğiyle kurulan Abbâsiler Hilafeti dönemlerinde cereyan eden bazı hadiseler, İslam Mezhepler Tarihi’ni yakından ilgilendirmektedir. “Dinin İktidarı iktidarın Dini Hilafet, Siyaset ve İslâm (750-833)” adlı kitap çalışması, Nagihan Doğan’ın hazırladığı doktora tezini ilave bilgiler ve okumalarla zenginleştirmesi sonucu literatürdeki yerini almış, yazarın din-siyaset ya da din-iktidar ilişkisine dair tarihi süreç içerisinde Müslüman toplumların en tartışmalı konularından birisini gerek birincil kaynaklar gerekse konuyla ilgili araştırma eserlerinden harmanlayarak başarılı bir şekilde ortaya koyması sonucu, İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi alanına da katkılar sunacak bir içeriğe ulaşılmıştır.
Fâtımîler’in Ebû Hanîfe’si: Kâdî Nu‘mân b. Muhammed (ö. 363/974)
Authors: Erbaş Furkan
Published: December 2024

Şiî-İsmâilî mezhebine mensup Fâtımîler, İslâm dünyasında mezheplerinin yayılması adına İsmâilî doktrinini oluşturmak, sistemleştirmek ve çeşitlendirmek adına faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bu anlamda önceden Mâlikî mezhebi mensubu iken daha sonra İsmâilî olan Ebû Hanîfe Kâdî Nu‘mân b. Muhammed Fâtımîler adına büyük yararlılıklar göstermiştir. İlmî kişiliğinin yanında revizyonist kişiliğiyle de dikkatleri çeken Nu‘mân devlet hizmetine alınması ve özellikle Kâdılkudât ve Dâidduâtlık makamına getirilmesinin ardından halifelerin onayıyla mezhebin ana eserlerini vücuda getirmiştir. Akaid ve fıkıh alanları başta olmak üzere pek çok alanda eser telif eden Nu‘mân, İsmâilî doktrininin kurucularından en önemlisi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu araştırma Nu‘mân b. Muhammed’in Fâtımî Devleti ve İsmâilî mezhebi tarihi açısından önemini ortaya koymaya yönelik olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada İsmâilî tarihine mâl olmuş önde gelen bir şahsiyet hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunan Şiî ve Sünnî tüm kaynaklar objektif bir şekilde ele alınarak tespitlerde bulunulmuştur. Bu anlamda tarihî verilerden hareketle Nu‘mân b. Muhammed’in İsmâilî tarihinde eşsiz bir yere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
Muhyiddîn İbnü’l-Arabî’nin Zâhirîliği
Authors: Balcı Ali Osman
Published: December 2024

Muhyiddîn İbnü’l-Arabî (ö. 638/1240), mutasavvıf kişiliği, yazdığı eserler, ele aldığı konular ve hakkında yapılan değerlendirmelerle İslam düşünce tarihinde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. İbnü’l-Arabî’nin İslami ilimlerin farklı alanlarında ortaya koyduğu fikirler, yalnızca onu destekleyenler arasında değil, aynı zamanda muhalif çevrelerde de geniş bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. Gençlik yıllarında Endülüs’te aldığı eğitim, onun düşünce dünyasında derin izler bırakmıştır. Bu coğrafyada etkili olan Zâhirîlik mezhebi, onun ilmî birikiminde önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Bu durum, bazı kaynaklarda İbnü’l-Arabî’nin Zâhirî bir alim olarak nitelendirilmesine yol açmıştır. Ancak, İbnü’l-Arabî bu tür yaklaşımları reddetmiş, kendisini Zâhirî olarak tanımlayan görüşlere karşı çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen, eserlerinde zâhirî yönteme dayalı unsurların belirgin bir şekilde yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İbnü’l-Arabî’nin kendi eserleri ve hakkında yazılmış klasik ile modern kaynaklar temel alınarak, onun Zâhirîlik ile ilişkisi tarihsel ve kavramsal bağlamda ele alınmıştır. Özellikle, eserlerinde yer alan zâhirî bakış açısı incelenmiş ve bu yöntemin Zâhirîlik mezhebiyle bağlantısı farklı yönlerden ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, karşılaştırmalı bir yöntem kullanılmış ve İbnü’l-Arabî’nin Zâhirîlik ile ilişkisinin niteliği tarafsız bir bakış açısıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Mezhepsel Gerilim ve Vekâlet Savaşları: İran Ezilen Şiileri Dış Politikada Nasıl Araçsallaştırıyor?
Authors: Kazdal Melih , Rakipoğlu Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Ortadoğu’nun çok dinli ve mezhepli yapısında Şiilerin durumunu ele almakta ve Irak, Bahreyn, Suudi Arabistan gibi ülkelerde Şii topluluklarına yönelik kötü muamelelerin İran’ın bu toplulukları vekil olarak kullanmasının zeminini nasıl hazırladığını incelemektedir. Araştırma Ortadoğu’daki Şii topluluklarının maruz kaldığı ayrımcılık ve baskının, İran’ın bu grupları bir dış politika aracı olarak kullanmasını kolaylaştırmakta mıdır sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Çalışmanın temel iddiası ise Ortadoğu’daki Arap devletlerinin, özellikle Suudi Arabistan, Bahreyn ve Irak, Şii topluluklarına yönelik uyguladığı ayrımcılığın İran’ın bu gruplar üzerinden nüfuz genişletmesine olanak sağladığı ve bu durumun bölgede mezhepçi tansiyonu yükselttiğidir. Bu bağlamda İran, Şiilere uygulanan baskıları kendi lehine çevirerek, bu grupları bölgedeki siyasi ayaklanmalarda kullanmakta ve kendisini bu grupların yegâne hamisi olarak konumlandırmaktadır.
5./11. Yüzyıl Batı Eş‘arîliğinin Bâkıllânî ve Simnânî Özelinde Mezheplerle İlişkisi
Authors: Koç İsa
Published: December 2024

Bâkıllânî ve özellikle batı bölgesindeki takipçilerinin, Eş‘arîlik içinde farklı bir damar oluşturdukları bilinmektedir. Ebû Bekr el-Bâkıllânî (ö. 403/1013), Ebû Zer el-Herevî (ö. 434/1043), Ebû Cafer es-Simnânî (ö. 444/1052) ve Ebü’l-Velîd el-Bâcî (ö. 474/1081) çizgisi üzerinden erken dönem batı Eş‘arîliğinin, doğudaki Eş‘arîlere kıyasla farklı bir tutum sergilediği tespit edilmektedir. Mezheplerin kendi içinde farklı ekollere/gruplara bölünebildiği gerçeğinden hareketle felsefeye mesafeli ve daha kapsayıcı Ehl-i Sünnet tasavvuruna sahip olan Bâkıllânî merkezli yaklaşımın diğer mezhepleri resmetme şekli ve yöntemine odaklanılmaktadır. Bu isimlerin Mu‘tezile ve Şîa dışındaki mezheplere yönelik bakışını resmetmeyi hedefleyen çalışma, belirlenen âlimlerin Ehl-i Sünnet tasavvuru, Mu‘tezile ve Şîa karşıtlığına yer vererek başta Hâricîlik olmak üzere Mürcie ve Bekriyye gibi fırkalar hakkındaki değerlendirmelerini dikkate almaktadır. Çalışmanın Bâkıllânî ve Simnânî merkezli olarak 5./11. yüzyıl batı Eş‘arîliğinin Hâricîlik, Mürcie, Cehmiyye/Cebriyye ve Bekriyye gibi mezheplere ilişkin algısını, coğrafya ve zamanın etkisini merkeze alarak sosyal tarihçilik metoduyla ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflediğini söylemek mümkündür. Bâkıllânî ile Simnânî arasında diğer mezheplere yer verme konusundaki yoğunluk farklılığı ve bazı konulardaki farklı kanaatlere rağmen diğer mezheplere yönelik tespitlerinde iki isim arasında büyük oranda benzerliğin bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Şiî Kaynaklara Göre On İki İmamın Aşırı Şiîlere Yaklaşımı
Authors: Futuvvet Ubeyd
Published: December 2024

İslam mezhepleri tarihi kaynakları, Müslümanlar arasında çıkan fırkaların daha çok Şîa fırkaları içerisinde tezahür ettiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, aşırı Şiî fırkaların ortaya çıkışı, ortaya çıkış sebepleri, onların ileri sürdükleri fikir ve düşünceleri, İsnâaşeriyye imamlarının aşırı Şiî fırkalar ve onların liderleri ile irtibatları, imamların onlara karşı tavır ve tutumlarını incelemektir. Yöntem olarak ilgili veriler önce incelenmiş, konuyla alakalı kısımlar değerlendirilmiştir. Tez özeti mahiyetinde olan bu araştırmada Müslümanlar arasında meydana gelen aşırı Şiî görüşlerin hicrî birinci asırda ortaya çıktığı ancak yoğun olarak hicrî ikinci asrın ikinci çeyreğinde zuhur ettiği, aşırı Şiî fırka liderlerinin bazılarının önce imamlarla yakın ilişkisi olup daha sonra imamlar tarafından reddedildikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu fırkaların ulûhiyet, nübüvvet, hulûl, tenasüh, teşbih, bedâ gibi düşüncelere sahip oldukları da çalışmanın bulgularındandır.
Ebü’l-Kelâm Âzâd’ın Dinî ve Siyasî Görüşleri
Authors: Karayiğit Kazım
Published: December 2024

Ebü’l-Kelâm Âzâd Hindistan havzasında yaşayan, siyasî kimliğinin yanında Kur’ân üzerine düşünen son dönemin önemli din âlimlerinden biridir. Ona göre vahiy, insanın manevi hayatını devam ettirebilmesinin temel koşulu olarak içinde yaşanılan toplumun şartlarına göre gelmiştir. Bu açıdan müellif Kur’an’ın kendi bağlamında ve şartlarında anlaşılması gerektiğini düşünür. Ona göre, Kur’an bilimsel ya da tarihsel bir metin olmanın ötesinde genel dinî ve ahlâkî ilkelerin çıkarılacağı bir kitaptır. Âzâd aynı zamanda çoğulcu din anlayışına sahip biri olarak tüm dinleri özünde bir görürken, farklılaşmanın dinlerin sadece değişebilen şeriat alanıyla alakalı konularda olduğunu düşünmektedir. O, halifelik kurumuna Müslümanların geleceği açısından ayrı bir önem vermiş ve Osmanlı halifesini Müslümanların lideri olarak görmüştür. Bu çalışma Hindistan’da yaşamış olan çağdaş İslâm düşünürü Ebü’l-Kelâm Âzâd’ın hayatını, dinî ve siyasî düşüncelerini ele almaktadır. Âzâd, bölgenin İngiliz sömürüsü olduğu bir dönemde yaşamış, sömürge düzenine karşı çıkmış ve Müslüman halkın İslâmî kimliğini koruma yolunda çaba göstermiştir. O, Osmanlı sevdalısı biri olarak fikirleri ve faaliyetleri ile bölgenin zihin dünyasında etkili olmuştur. Ebü’l-Kelâm Âzâd’ın dinî ve siyasî görüşlerini ele aldığımız bu çalışma, dini ihya gayesiyle ortaya çıkan çağdaş İslâm düşünürleri çalışmalarına katkı sağlama gayesi taşımaktadır.