bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optimized System for Effective Derivation of Three-Dimensional Retinal Tissue via Wnt Signaling Regulation
Authors: Luo Ziming , Zhong Xiufeng , Li Kaijing , Xie Bingbing , Liu Yuchun , Ye Meifang , Li Kang , Xu Chaochao , Ge Jian
Published: July 2018

Effective derivation of three-dimensional (3D) retinal tissue from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) could provide models for drug screening and facilitate patient-specific retinal cell replacement therapy. However, some hiPSC lines cannot undergo 3D self-organization and show inadequate differentiation efficiency to meet clinical demand. In this study, we developed an optimized system for derivation of 3D retinal tissue. We found that the Wnt signaling pathway antagonist Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) rescued the inability of differentiated retinal progenitors to self-organize. By evaluating DKK-1 expression and supplying DKK-1 if necessary, retinal organoids were differentiated from six hiPSC lines, which were reprogramed from three common initiating cell types. Retinal tissues derived from the optimized system were well organized and capable of surviving for further maturation. Thus, using this system, we generated retinal tissues from various hiPSC lines with high efficiency. This novel system has many potential applications in regenerative therapy and precision medicine.
Chinese Students’ Perceptions of Master Teaching: Gender Similarities and Differences
Authors: Liu Shujie , Xie Wei
Published: July 2018

We discuss Chinese students’ assessment of key qualities of excellent teaching based on a study of master teaching using the Teacher Behavior Checklist. Although male and female students agreed on several qualities, we also found several interesting gender differences in students’ perceptions of the qualities that constitute master teaching.
Preyssler‐Pope‐Jeannin Polyanions [NaP5W30O110]14– and [AgP5W30O110]14–: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activity
Authors: Haider Ali , Zarschler Kristof , Joshi Sachin A. , Smith Rachelle M. , Lin Zhengguo , Mougharbel Ali S. , Herzog Utta , Müller Christa E. , Stephan Holger , Kortz Ulrich
Published: July 2018

The Preyssler‐Pope‐Jeannin polyanion [NaP5W30O110]14– (1) was prepared by microwave‐assisted synthesis in only 2 h with a yield comparable to the reported hydrothermal procedure. The purity of 1 was confirmed by FT‐IR and multinuclear NMR (31P, 183W) analysis. The silver(I)‐containing analogue [AgP5W30O110]14– (2) was also prepared by hydrothermal (6 d) as well as microwave‐based (2 h) procedures. Polyanion 2 was characterized in the solid state by FT‐IR, single‐crystal XRD, TGA, and elemental analysis and in solution by 31P and 183W NMR, and ESI‐MS. The antiproliferative activities against human cells as well as the antimicrobial properties towards Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were comparatively evaluated for 1 and 2.
Why value sensitive design needs ethical commitments
Authors: Jacobs Naomi , Huldtgren Alina
Published: July 2018

Currently, value sensitive design (VSD) does not commit to a particular ethical theory. Critiques contend that without such an explicit commitment, VSD lacks a methodology for distinguishing genuine moral values from mere stakeholders-preferences and runs the risk of attending to a set of values that is unprincipled or unbounded. We argue that VSD practitioners need to complement it with an ethical theory. We argue in favour of a mid-level ethical theory to fulfil this role.
De-gender them! Gendered vs cooperative division of housework – cross-cultural comparison of Polish and Norwegian students
Authors: Kosakowska-Berezecka Natasza , Jurek Paweł , Besta Tomasz , Korzeniewska Lubomiła , Seibt Beate
Published: July 2018

Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, Mage = 19.97) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, Mage = 24.46) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, Mage = 27.15) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, Mage = 26.84 (SD = 10.87), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, Mage = 47.02) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, Mage = 49.38) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.
Motion with Caution: Jan Vansina and the Last Two Thousand Years of the Southern African Past
Authors: Chirikure Shadreck
Published: July 2018

This contribution argues that Vansina’s methodological rigor and deep reading of the dynamic nature of African communities across space and time ranks him as one of the most effective pioneers and research leaders in African history. His work on oral traditions and the necessity of reviewing generally accepted narratives, provided tools to a continent that was often ridiculed for not having a history. Although Vansina’s work had its limitations, and few of his writings were provocative to some, it firmly rebutted the idea that Africa was a traditional and forever unchanging continent.
The relationship between character viewpoint gesture and narrative structure in children
Authors: PARRILL FEY , LAVANTY BRITTANY , BENNETT AUSTIN , KLCO ALAYNA , DEMIR-LIRA OZLEM ECE
Published: July 2018

abstract

When children tell stories, they gesture; their gestures can predict how their narrative abilities will progress. Five-year-olds who gestured from the point of view of a character (CVPT gesture) when telling stories produced better-structured narratives at later ages (Demir, Levine, & Goldin-Meadow, 2014). But does gesture just predict narrative structure, or can asking children to gesture in a particular way change their narratives? To explore this question, we instructed children to produce CVPT gestures and measured their narrative structure. Forty-four kindergarteners were asked to tell stories after being trained to produce CVPT gestures, gestures from an observer’s viewpoint (OVPT gestures), or after no instruction in gesture. Gestures were coded as CVPT or OVPT, and stories were scored for narrative structure. Children trained to produce CVPT gestures produced more of these gestures, and also had higher narrative structure scores compared to those who received the OVPT training. Children returned for a follow-up session one week later and narrated the stories again. The training received in the first session did not impact narrative structure or recall for the events of the stories. Overall, these results suggest a brief gestural intervention has the potential to enhance narrative structure. Due to the fact that stronger narrative abilities have been correlated with greater success in developing writing and reading skills at later ages, this research has important implications for literacy and education.
The use of an ostial stent does not increase the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Dinc M E , Ulusoy S , Sahin E , Bozan N , Avincsal M O , Tutar B , Uyar Y
Published: July 2018

Objective

This prospective, controlled study assessed how placing a stent into a newly formed ostium affects ostial patency, success and complication rates in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy patients.

Methods

In group 1 (40 eyes of 36 patients), both silicone tube intubation and tube stenting were performed. In group 2 (36 eyes of 34 patients), only silicone tube intubation was performed. Success, operative time and post-surgical complications were investigated two months post-operatively in each group.

Results

The success rates were 92.5 per cent and 83.3 per cent for groups 1 and 2 respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.294). The complication rates also differed between the two groups, but this was again insignificant.

Conclusion

Compared with the use of a silicone tube alone, the addition of an ostial stent did not significantly increase the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
PhD Abstracts
Authors: HUTTON GRAHAM
Published: July 2018

Many students complete PhDs in functional programming each year. As a service to the community, the Journal of Functional Programming publishes the abstracts from PhD dissertations completed during the previous year.
Familial clustering of cardiac conditions in patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery and myocardial bridges
Authors: Agrawal Hitesh , Mery Carlos M. , Sexson Tejtel S. Kristen , Fraser Charles D. , McKenzie E. Dean , Qureshi Athar M. , Molossi Silvana
Published: July 2018

Background

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is the second leading cause of sudden cardiac arrest/death in young athletes in the United States of America. Limited data are available regarding family history in this patient population.

Methods

Patients were evaluated prospectively from 12/2012 to 02/2017 in the Coronary Anomalies Program at Texas Children’s Hospital. Relevant family history included the presence of CHD, sudden cardiac arrest/death, arrhythmia/pacemaker use, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease before the age of 50 years. The presence of one or more of these in 1st- or 2nd-degree relatives was considered significant.

Results

Of 168 unrelated probands (171 patients total) included, 36 (21%) had significant family history involving 19 (53%) 1st-degree and 17 (47%) 2nd-degree relatives. Positive family history led to cardiology referral in nine (5%) patients and the presence of abnormal tests/symptoms in the remaining patients. Coronary anomalies in probands with positive family history were anomalous right (27), anomalous left (five), single right coronary artery (two), myocardial bridge (one), and anomalous circumflex coronary artery (one). Conditions present in their family members included sudden cardiac arrest/death (15, 42%), atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (14, 39%), cardiomyopathy (12, 33%), CHD (11, 31%), coronary anomalies (3, 8%), myocardial bridge (1, 3%), long-QT syndrome (2, 6%), and Wolff–Parkinson–White (1, 3%).

Conclusion

In patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery and/or myocardial bridges, there appears to be familial clustering of cardiac diseases in approximately 20% of patients, half of these with early occurrence of sudden cardiac arrest/death in the family.
Beta transform and discounted aggregate claims under dependency
Authors: Zhang Zhehao , Li Shuanming
Published: July 2018

This paper starts with the Beta transform and discusses the stochastic ordering properties of this transform under different parameter settings. Later, the distribution of discounted aggregate claims in a compound renewal risk model with dependence between inter-claim times and claim sizes is studied. Recursive formulas for moments and joint moments are expressed in terms of the Beta transform of the inter-claim times and claim severities. Particularly, our moments formula is more explicit and computation-friendly than earlier ones in the references. Lastly, numerical examples are provided to illustrate our results.
erfasst, verfolgt und vernichtet
Authors: Genge Uwe
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Erfasst, verfolgt und vernichtet – so heißt die Wanderausstellung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde, die in Zusammenarbeit mit der Stiftungen „Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas“ und „Topographie des Terrors“ erstellt und 2014 im Deutschen Bundestag unter der Schirmherrschaft von Bundespräsident Joachim Gauck eröffnet wurde.
Pflegende als Tatbeteiligte
Authors: Groß Regine , Sauter Dorothea
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Über die Rolle psychiatrisch Pflegender bei den Euthanasie-Aktionen der Nationalsozialisten gibt es nur wenig historische Forschung. Die Autorinnen des Beitrags haben sich bei der Pflege-Historikerin Hilde Steppe auf die Spurensuche gemacht.
Expositionstraining bei Menschen mit Zwangsstörungen als pflegerische Intervention
Authors: Köhler Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Interventionen der Verhaltenstherapie gewinnen in der psychiatrischen Pflege immer größere Bedeutung. Daraus entstehen neue Chancen, sowohl für psychisch kranke Menschen, als auch für die Pflege selber. Die Verhaltenstherapie gilt als gut erforscht. Doch sind diese Ergebnisse auf potentiell pflegerische Interventionen übertragbar? Ein Versuch dazu am Beispiel Exposition bei Zwangsstörungen.
Tiny Algae May Have Prompted a Mass Extinction
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: July 2018

Dead algae sinking to the ocean floor may have sequestered carbon 445 million years ago, triggering the glaciation that accompanied the Late Ordovician mass extinction.
Stochastic processes govern invasion success in microbial communities when the invader is phylogenetically close to resident bacteria
Authors: Kinnunen Marta , Dechesne Arnaud , Albrechtsen Hans-Jørgen , Smets Barth F
Published: July 2018

Despite recent efforts in identifying the determinants of invasion in microbial communities, experimental observations across different ecosystems are inconclusive. While relationships between resident community diversity and invasion success are often noted, community diversity says little about community assembly processes. Community assembly processes may provide a more inclusive framework to explain—and potentially prevent or facilitate—invasion. Here we let replicate nitrite-oxidizing bacterial guilds assemble under different conditions from a natural source community and study their compositional patterns to infer the relative importance of the assembly processes. Then, an invader strain from that same guild was introduced at one of three propagule pressures. We found no significant correlation between community diversity and invasion success. Instead, we observed that the effect of selection on invasion success was surpassed by the effect of drift, as inferred from the substantial influence of propagule pressure on invasion success. This dominance of drift can probably be generalized to other invasion cases with high phylogenetic similarity between invader and resident community members. In these situations, our results suggest that attempting to modulate the invasibility of a community by altering its diversity is futile because stochastic processes determine the invasion outcome. Increasing or reducing propagule pressure is then deemed the most efficient avenue to enhance or limit invasion success.
Thermal sensitivity of CO2 and CH4 emissions varies with streambed sediment properties
Authors: Comer-Warner Sophie A. , Romeijn Paul , Gooddy Daren C. , Ullah Sami , Kettridge Nicholas , Marchant Benjamin , Hannah David M. , Krause Stefan
Published: July 2018

Globally, rivers and streams are important sources of carbon dioxide and methane, with small rivers contributing disproportionately relative to their size. Previous research on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from surface water lacks mechanistic understanding of contributions from streambed sediments. We hypothesise that streambeds, as known biogeochemical hotspots, significantly contribute to the production of GHGs. With global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand how increasing streambed temperatures will affect current and future GHG production. Current global estimates assume linear relationships between temperature and GHG emissions from surface water. Here we show non-linearity and threshold responses of streambed GHG production to warming. We reveal that temperature sensitivity varies with substrate (of variable grain size), organic matter (OM) content and geological origin. Our results confirm that streambeds, with their non-linear response to projected warming, are integral to estimating freshwater ecosystem contributions to current and future global GHG emissions.
p38-mediated phosphorylation at T367 induces EZH2 cytoplasmic localization to promote breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Anwar Talha , Arellano-Garcia Caroline , Ropa James , Chen Yu-Chih , Kim Hong Sun , Yoon Euisik , Grigsby Sierrah , Basrur Venkatesha , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Muntean Andrew , Gonzalez Maria E. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Nikolovska-Coleska Zaneta , Kleer Celina G.
Published: July 2018

Overexpression of EZH2 in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer promotes metastasis. EZH2 has been mainly studied as the catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) that mediates gene repression by trimethylating histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). However, how EZH2 drives metastasis despite the low H3K27me3 levels observed in ER- breast cancer is unknown. Here we show that in human invasive carcinomas and distant metastases, cytoplasmic EZH2 phosphorylated at T367 is significantly associated with ER- disease and low H3K27me3 levels. p38-mediated EZH2 phosphorylation at T367 promotes EZH2 cytoplasmic localization and potentiates EZH2 binding to vinculin and other cytoskeletal regulators of cell migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of a phospho-deficient T367A-EZH2 mutant is sufficient to inhibit EZH2 cytoplasmic expression, disrupt binding to cytoskeletal regulators, and reduce EZH2-mediated adhesion, migration, invasion, and development of spontaneous metastasis. These results point to a PRC2-independent non-canonical mechanism of EZH2 pro-metastatic function.
Propagation topography of redox phase transformations in heterogeneous layered oxide cathode materials
Authors: Mu Linqin , Yuan Qingxi , Tian Chixia , Wei Chenxi , Zhang Kai , Liu Jin , Pianetta Piero , Doeff Marca M. , Liu Yijin , Lin Feng
Published: July 2018

Redox phase transformations are relevant to a number of metrics pertaining to the electrochemical performance of batteries. These phase transformations deviate from and are more complicated than the conventional theory of phase nucleation and propagation, owing to simultaneous changes of cationic and anionic valence states as well as the polycrystalline nature of battery materials. Herein, we propose an integrative approach of mapping valence states and constructing chemical topographies to investigate the redox phase transformation in polycrystalline layered oxide cathode materials under thermal abuse conditions. We discover that, in addition to the three-dimensional heterogeneous phase transformation, there is a mesoscale evolution of local valence curvatures in valence state topographies. The relative probability of negative and positive local valence curvatures alternates during the layered-to-spinel/rocksalt phase transformation. The implementation of our method can potentially provide a universal approach to study phase transformation behaviors in battery materials and beyond.
Nucleoporin 107, 62 and 153 mediate Kcnq1ot1 imprinted domain regulation in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells
Authors: Sachani Saqib S. , Landschoot Lauren S. , Zhang Liyue , White Carlee R. , MacDonald William A. , Golding Michael C. , Mann Mellissa R. W.
Published: July 2018

Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon that restricts transcription to predominantly one parental allele. How this transcriptional duality is regulated is poorly understood. Here we perform an RNA interference screen for epigenetic factors involved in paternal allelic silencing at the Kcnq1ot1 imprinted domain in mouse extraembryonic endoderm stem cells. Multiple factors are identified, including nucleoporin 107 (NUP107). To determine NUP107’s role and specificity in Kcnq1ot1 imprinted domain regulation, we deplete Nup107, as well as Nup62, Nup98/96 and Nup153. Nup107, Nup62 and Nup153, but not Nup98/96 depletion, reduce Kcnq1ot1 noncoding RNA volume, displace the Kcnq1ot1 domain from the nuclear periphery, reactivate a subset of normally silent paternal alleles in the domain, alter histone modifications with concomitant changes in KMT2A, EZH2 and EHMT2 occupancy, as well as reduce cohesin interactions at the Kcnq1ot1 imprinting control region. Our results establish an important role for specific nucleoporins in mediating Kcnq1ot1 imprinted domain regulation.
Crystal structure of an L chain optimised 14F7 anti-ganglioside Fv suggests a unique tumour-specificity through an unusual H-chain CDR3 architecture
Authors: Bjerregaard-Andersen Kaare , Johannesen Hedda , Abdel-Rahman Noha , Heggelund Julie Elisabeth , Hoås Helene Mykland , Abraha Fana , Bousquet Paula A. , Høydahl Lene Støkken , Burschowsky Daniel , Rojas Gertrudis , Oscarson Stefan , Løset Geir Åge , Krengel Ute
Published: July 2018

Targeted cancer immunotherapy offers increased efficacy concomitantly with reduced side effects. One antibody with promising clinical potential is 14F7, which specifically recognises the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. This antigen is found in the plasma membrane of a range of tumours, but is essentially absent from healthy human cells. 14F7 can discriminate NeuGc GM3 from the very similar NeuAc GM3, a common component of cell membranes. The molecular basis for this unique specificity is poorly understood. Here we designed and expressed 14F7-derived single-chain Fvs (scFvs), which retained the specificity of the parent antibody. Detailed expression and purification protocols are described as well as the synthesis of the NeuGc GM3 trisaccharide. The most successful scFv construct, which comprises an alternative variable light chain (VLA), allowed structure determination to 2.2 Å resolution. The structure gives insights into the conformation of the important CDR H3 loop and the suspected antigen binding site. Furthermore, the presence of VLA instead of the original VL elucidates how this subdomain indirectly stabilises the CDR H3 loop. The current work may serve as a guideline for the efficient production of scFvs for structure determination.
Author Correction: Citrus peel essential oil nanoformulations to control the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta: chemical properties and biological activity
Authors: Campolo Orlando , Cherif Asma , Ricupero Michele , Siscaro Gaetano , Grissa-Lebdi Kaouthar , Russo Agatino , Cucci Lorena M. , Di Pietro Patrizia , Satriano Cristina , Desneux Nicolas , Biondi Antonio , Zappalà Lucia , Palmeri Vincenzo
Published: July 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Renoprotective effects of a factor Xa inhibitor: fusion of basic research and a database analysis
Authors: Horinouchi Yuya , Ikeda Yasumasa , Fukushima Keijo , Imanishi Masaki , Hamano Hirofumi , Izawa-Ishizawa Yuki , Zamami Yoshito , Takechi Kenshi , Miyamoto Licht , Fujino Hiromichi , Ishizawa Keisuke , Tsuchiya Koichiro , Tamaki Toshiaki
Published: July 2018

Renal tubulointerstitial injury, an inflammation-associated condition, is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Levels of activated factor X (FXa), a blood coagulation factor, are increased in various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of an FXa inhibitor against renal tubulointerstitial injury using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice (a renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model) and the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) database. The renal expression levels of FX and the FXa receptors protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-2 were significantly higher in UUO mice than in sham-operated mice. UUO-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and extracellular matrix expression were suppressed in UUO mice treated with the FXa inhibitor edoxaban. Additionally, edoxaban attenuated UUO-induced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory molecule upregulation. In an analysis of the FAERS database, there were significantly fewer reports of tubulointerstitial nephritis for patients treated with FXa inhibitors than for patients not treated with inhibitors. These results suggest that FXa inhibitors exert protective effects against CKD by inhibiting tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Magnetic resonance as a local probe for kagomé magnetism in Barlowite Cu4(OH)6FBr
Authors: Ranjith K. M. , Klein C. , Tsirlin A. A. , Rosner H. , Krellner C. , Baenitz M.
Published: July 2018

Temperature- and field-dependent 1H-, 19F-, and 79,81Br-NMR measurements together with zero - field 79,81Br-NQR measurements on polycrystalline samples of barlowite, Cu4(OH)6FBr are conducted to study the magnetism and possible structural distortions on a microscopic level. The temperature dependence of the 79,81Br-NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates 1/T1 indicate a phase transition at TN $$\simeq $$
≃
 15 K which is of magnetic origin, but with an unusually weak slowing down of fluctuations below TN. Moreover, 1/T1T scales linear with the bulk susceptibility which indicates persisting spin fluctuations down to 2 K. Quadupolare resonance (NQR) studies reveal a pair of zero-field NQR- lines associated with the two isotopes of Br with the nuclear spins of I = 3/2. Quadrupole coupling constants of vQ ≃ 28.5 MHz and 24.7 MHz for 79Br- and 81Br-nuclei are determined from Br-NMR and the asymmetry parameter of the electric field gradient was estimated to η ≃ 0.2. The Br-NQR lines are consistent with our findings from Br-NMR and they are relatively broad, even above TN. This broadening and the relative large η value suggests a symmetry reduction at the Br- site reflecting the presence of a local distortion in the lattice. Our density-functional calculations show that the displacements of Cu2 atoms located between the kagome planes do not account for this relatively large η. On the other hand, full structural relaxation, including the deformation of kagome planes, leads to a better agreement with the experiment.
Association between Height and Actinic Keratosis: A Nationwide Population-based Study in South Korea
Authors: Lee Young Bok , Lee Ji Hyun , Kang Min Ji , Kim Jin-Wou , Yu Dong Soo , Han Kyung Do , Park Yong Gyu
Published: July 2018

The association between actinic keratosis (AK) and anthropometric measures has not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the associations between anthropometric measures and the incidence of AK in South Korea. We analyzed clinical data from individuals aged over 20 years who received a health examination arranged by the national insurance program between 2005 and 2008. Newly diagnosed AK was identified using claims data from baseline to the date of diagnosis or until December 31, 2015. The incidence of AK was highest among the elderly (aged over 60 years) and showed a male bias. The risk of AK increased with greater height. The quintile with the greatest height had an increased risk of AK compared with the quintile with the lowest height (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–1.33) after adjustment for age, sex, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study showed a positive association between the incidence of AK and human height. However, it is unclear whether these findings can be generalized to Koreans who have not received an examination or to populations in other countries.
Assembly and Analysis of Unmapped Genome Sequence Reads Reveal Novel Sequence and Variation in Dogs
Authors: Holden Lindsay A. , Arumilli Meharji , Hytönen Marjo K. , Hundi Sruthi , Salojärvi Jarkko , Brown Kim H. , Lohi Hannes
Published: July 2018

Dogs are excellent animal models for human disease. They have extensive veterinary histories, pedigrees, and a unique genetic system due to breeding practices. Despite these advantages, one factor limiting their usefulness is the canine genome reference (CGR) which was assembled using a single purebred Boxer. Although a common practice, this results in many high-quality reads remaining unmapped. To address this whole-genome sequence data from three breeds, Border Collie (n = 26), Bearded Collie (n = 7), and Entlebucher Sennenhund (n = 8), were analyzed to identify novel, non-CGR genomic contigs using the previously validated pseudo-de novo assembly pipeline. We identified 256,957 novel contigs and paired-end relationships together with BLAT scores provided 126,555 (49%) high-quality contigs with genomic coordinates containing 4.6 Mb of novel sequence absent from the CGR. These contigs close 12,503 known gaps, including 2.4 Mb containing partially missing sequences for 11.5% of Ensembl, 16.4% of RefSeq and 12.2% of canFam3.1+ CGR annotated genes and 1,748 unmapped contigs containing 2,366 novel gene variants. Examples for six disease-associated genes (SCARF2, RD3, COL9A3, FAM161A, RASGRP1 and DLX6) containing gaps or alternate splice variants missing from the CGR are also presented. These findings from non-reference breeds support the need for improvement of the current Boxer-only CGR to avoid missing important biological information. The inclusion of the missing gene sequences into the CGR will facilitate identification of putative disease mutations across diverse breeds and phenotypes.
The trends of aquacultural nitrogen budget and its environmental implications in China
Authors: Luo Zhibo , Hu Shanying , Chen Dingjiang
Published: July 2018

The rapid development of aquaculture has sustained aquatic food production but has also led to a host of environmental problems, ranging from eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems to global acidification. China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of aquaculture products. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in aquaculture ecosystems, and the quantitative environmental fate and impact of nitrogen during aquaculture processes have notable environmental consequences but have received little attention. Here, we established a nitrogen cycling model for China’s aquaculture ecosystem to investigate the creation and fate of reactive nitrogen over a decadal time scale. A nitrogen balance analysis showed that reactive nitrogen input in the aquaculture ecosystem increased from 9.43 Tg N yr−1in 1978 to 18.54 Tg N yr−1in 2015, while aquaculture production increased from 0.034 to 1.33 Tg N yr−1during the same period. The environmental fate analysis showed that nitrogen emissions, accumulation, sediment deposition, and export into the oceans increased by 9.05-fold, 0.24-fold, 9.04-fold, and 2.56-fold, respectively. Finally, we investigated four scenarios representing different consumption levels of aquatic products and provided policy recommendations (larger aquaculture size, standardized aquaculture production model, nutritional element management and balanced dietary structure, etc.) on improved management practices in aquaculture ecosystems.
Immature particles and capsid-free viral RNA produced by Yellow fever virus-infected cells stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to secrete interferons
Authors: Sinigaglia Laura , Gracias Ségolène , Décembre Elodie , Fritz Matthieu , Bruni Daniela , Smith Nikaïa , Herbeuval Jean-Philippe , Martin Annette , Dreux Marlène , Tangy Frédéric , Jouvenet Nolwenn
Published: July 2018

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized in the production of interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infections. The Flaviviridae family comprises enveloped RNA viruses such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Dengue virus (DENV). Cell-free flaviviridae virions poorly stimulate pDCs to produce IFN. By contrast, cells infected with HCV and DENV potently stimulate pDCs via short-range delivery of viral RNAs, which are either packaged within immature virions or secreted exosomes. We report that cells infected with Yellow fever virus (YFV), the prototypical flavivirus, stimulated pDCs to produce IFNs in a TLR7- and cell contact- dependent manner. Such stimulation was unaffected by the presence of YFV neutralizing antibodies. As reported for DENV, cells producing immature YFV particles were more potent at stimulating pDCs than cells releasing mature virions. Additionally, cells replicating a release-deficient YFV mutant or a YFV subgenomic RNA lacking structural protein-coding sequences participated in pDC stimulation. Thus, viral RNAs produced by YFV-infected cells reach pDCs via at least two mechanisms: within immature particles and as capsid-free RNAs. Our work highlights the ability of pDCs to respond to a variety of viral RNA-laden carriers generated from infected cells.
MDC1 methylation mediated by lysine methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 regulates active ATM accumulation flanking DNA damage sites
Authors: Watanabe Sugiko , Iimori Makoto , Chan David Virya , Hara Eiji , Kitao Hiroyuki , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: July 2018

Chromatin dynamics mediated by post-translational modifications play a crucial role in cellular response to genotoxic stress for the maintenance of genome integrity. MDC1 is a pivotal chromatin adaptor in DNA damage response (DDR) and its methylation is essential to recruit repair factors at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, yet their precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we identified euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) and EHMT2 as novel regulators of MDC1, which is required for the accumulation of DDR factors e.g. 53BP1 and RAP80, at the DSB sites. MDC1 interacts mainly with EHMT1, which is facilitated by DNA damage-initiated ATM signalling, and EHMT2 dominantly modulates methylation of MDC1 lysine 45. This regulatory modification promotes the interaction between MDC1 and ATM to expand activated ATM on damaged chromatin and dysfunctional telomere. These findings identify EHMT1 and EHMT2 as DDR components, with implications for genome-integrity maintenance through proper dynamic methylation of MDC1.
Point-driven modern Chladni figures with symmetry breaking
Authors: Tuan P. H. , Lai Y. H. , Wen C. P. , Huang K. F. , Chen Y. F.
Published: July 2018

Point-driven modern Chladni figures subject to the symmetry breaking are systematically unveiled by developing a theoretical model and making experimental confirmation in the orthotropic brass. The plates with square shape are employed in the exploration based on the property that the orientation-dependent elastic anisotropy can be controlled by cutting the sides with a rotation angle with respect to the characteristic axes of the brass. Experimental results reveal that the orientation symmetry breaking not only causes the redistribution of resonant frequencies but also induces more resonant modes. More intriguingly, the driving position in some of new resonant modes can turn into the nodal point, whereas this position is always the anti-node in the isotropic case. The theoretical model is analytically developed by including a dimensionless parameter to consider the orientation symmetry-breaking effect in a generalized way. It is numerically verified that all experimental resonant frequencies and Chladni patterns can be well reconstructed with the developed model. The good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental observations confirms the feasibility of using the developed model to analyze the modern Chladni experiment with orientation symmetry breaking. The developed model is believed to offer a powerful tool to build important database of plate resonant modes for the applications of controlling collective motions of micro objects.
Synthesis of C–N–S co-doped TiO2 mischcrystal with an isobandgap characteristic and its photocatalytic activity under visible light
Authors: Guo Yu , Guo Teng , Chen Junhua , Wei Jumeng , Bai Lei , Ye Xiangju , Ding Zhijie , Xu Weibing , Zhou Zhengfa
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a simple thermal decomposition synthesis route for a carbon–nitrogen–sulfur (C–N–S) co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) mischcrystal with an isobandgap property for visible light applications using urea as the C, and N Ti(SO4)2 as S source is reported.
Feedstock-dependent nitrogen configurations of nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes in a CVD process
Authors: Thurakitseree Theerapol , Kramberger Christian , Maruyama Shigeo
Published: July 2018

We demonstrate the modification of nitrogen configurations through a CVD process. Lowering the mixed C/N feedstock flow rate could promote a predominance of pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen structures, while higher flow rates give rise to the formation of trapped N2 molecules.
A quantification scheme for non-covalent interactions in the enantio-controlling transition states in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Malakar Santanu , Shree Sowndarya S. V. , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: July 2018

A simple quantification scheme for estimating the strength of non-covalent interactions in the enantio-controlling transition states is proposed.
Fully-biobased UV-absorbing nanoparticles from ethyl cellulose and zein for environmentally friendly photoprotection
Authors: Hayden Douglas R. , Kibbelaar Heleen V. M. , Imhof Arnout , Velikov Krassimir P.
Published: July 2018

UV-absorbing nanoparticles are prepared with an entirely biobased composition, as a novel environmentally-friendly photoprotection technology.
In situ synthesis of metal embedded nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction with high activity and stability
Authors: Yin Yanhong , Zhang Hengbo , Gao Rongzhen , Wang Aili , Mao Xinxin , Dong Hongyu , Yang Shuting
Published: July 2018

In this work, a Co–N doped carbon nanotube (CNT) catalyst was fabricated via a simple pyrolysis approach.
Effect of biodegradable magnesium-copper coatings on bone integration based on the porous structures in a rabbit model
Authors: Ding Yurun , Du Zhe , Zhu Zhonglin , Yu Xiaoming , Wang You
Published: July 2018

The results of the present study suggest that the application of Mg–Cu coating in orthopedic implants is mainly due to its long-term antibacterial ability rather than its osteogenesis ability.
Rapid naked-eye detection of Gram-positive bacteria by vancomycin-based nano-aggregation
Authors: Shin Cheong , Lee Ha Neul , Ryu Jea Sung , Chung Hyun Jung
Published: July 2018

A rapid, colorimetric assay based on aggregation of nanobeads functionalized with vancomycin is developed for naked-eye detection of Gram-positive bacteria.
Design of diverse nanostructures by hydrothermal and microemulsion routes for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Das Anirban , Ganguli Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2018

HER and OER activity of the water-splitting electrocatalysts produced by hydrothermal or microemulsion methods is reviewed.
Pyridination of hole transporting material in perovskite solar cells questions the long-term stability
Authors: Magomedov Artiom , Kasparavičius Ernestas , Rakstys Kasparas , Paek Sanghyun , Gasilova Natalia , Genevičius Kristijonas , Juška Gytis , Malinauskas Tadas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Getautis Vytautas
Published: July 2018

Interaction of the hole transporting material with tert-butylpyridine as a possible degradation pathway of perovskite solar cells.
9-Silafluorene and 9-germafluorene: novel platforms for highly efficient red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Xiang-Yang , Tian Qi-Sheng , Zhao Danli , Ran Quan , Liao Liang-Sheng , Fan Jian
Published: July 2018

De novo molecular platforms have been applied to build host materials for highly efficient PHOLEDs. A 9-silafluorene derivative was studied for the first time as a host and an external quantum efficiency of over 28% was achieved successfully in red PHOLEDs.
A preventive injection of endothelial progenitor cells prolongs lifespan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Peng Cheng , Dong Xiao-Hui , Liu Jia-Lin , Tao Yu-Long , Xu Chun-Fang , Wang Li-Ping , Liu Chun-Long , Su Ding-Feng , Tao Xia , Zhang Chuan , Chen Alex F. , Xie He-Hui
Published: July 2018

There is a pressing need for new approaches to prevent stroke. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote vascular repair and revascularization in the ischemic brain. The present study sought to evaluate whether preventive delivery of EPCs could prevent or protect against stroke. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) received a single injection of EPCs, and their survival time was monitored. In addition, at 28 and/or 42 days after a single injection of EPCs, SHR-SP and mice were subjected to cerebral ischemia, and cerebral ischemic injury, local angiogenesis and in vivo EPC integration were determined. Other experiments examined the effects of EPC conditioned medium, and the distribution of donor EPCs taken from GFP transgenic mice. It was found that EPC-pretreated SHR-SP showed longer lifespans than untreated controls. A single preventive injection of EPCs could produce persistent protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury (lasting at least 42 days), and promote local angiogenesis in the ischemic brain, in two types of animals (SHR-SP and normotensive mice). EPCs of donor origin could be detected in the recipient peripheral blood, and integrated into the recipient ischemic brains. Furthermore, it was suggested that mouse EPCs might exert paracrine effects on cerebral ischemic injury in addition to their direct angiogenic effects. In conclusion, a single preventive injection of EPCs prolonged the lifespan of SHR-SP, and protected against cerebral ischemic injury for at least 7 weeks. It is implied that EPC injection might be a promising candidate for a preventive role in patients at high risk for stroke.
Residual‐error prediction based on deep learning for lossless image compression
Authors: Schiopu I. , Munteanu A.
Published: July 2018

A novel residual‐error prediction method based on deep learning with application in lossless image compression is introduced. The proposed method employs machine learning tools to minimise the residual error of the employed prediction tools. Experimental results demonstrate average bitrate savings of 32% over the state‐of‐the‐art in lossless image compression. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this Letter is the first to propose a deep‐learning based method for residual‐error prediction.
Beeinflusst sportliche Aktivität die Revisionsrate nach Knietotalendoprothese? Analyse eines 12-Jahres-Follow-up
Authors: Valle Christina , Sperr Michael , Lemhöfer Christina , Bartel Karla , Schmitt-Sody Marcus
Published: July 2018

Hintergrund Der Anspruch von Patienten an Knietotalprothesen (KTEP) wächst zunehmend. Es stellt sich immer wieder die Frage, ob sportlich aktive Patienten nach Implantation einer KTEP ein erhöhtes Revisionsrisiko aufweisen im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne sportliche Aktivitäten.

Patienten/Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 130 Patienten mit einem Altersdurchschnitt von 69,2 Jahren zu Ihrer sportlichen Aktivität 22 Monate vor und nach KTEP Primärimplantation befragt. Die Patienten wurden aufgrund der Ergebnisse der Befragung in 2 Gruppen (A=Sport, B=No-Sport) eingeteilt. 7 Jahre postoperativ wurden dieselben Patienten erneut zu Ihrem Sportverhalten und 12 Jahre postoperativ zusätzlich zu stattgehabten Revisionsoperationen befragt.

Ergebnisse Von den 130 im Jahre 2005, ca. 2 Jahre nach KTEP-Implantation, befragten Patienten gaben 88 (67,7%) an, regelmäßig Sport auszuüben (Gruppe A) während 42 Patienten (32,3%) keinerlei Sport betrieben (Gruppe B). 2010 antworteten 87 der 130 Patienten auf die Befragung. 60 Patienten der Gruppe A waren weiterhin regelmäßig sportlich aktiv. 27 Patienten der Gruppe B gaben an, weiterhin keinerlei Sport zu betreiben. 2015 konnten von den 87 Patienten die 2010 befragt wurden immerhin noch 67 Patienten kontaktiert werden – davon 46 Patienten der Gruppe A und 21 Patienten der Gruppe B. In Gruppe A kam es 12 Jahre postoperative bei 7 von 46 Patienten (15,2%) zu Revisionsoperationen. In Gruppe B gaben 5 von 21 (23,8%) Patienten Revisionsoperationen im Sinne von Wechseloperationen in den letzten Jahren an.

Schlussfolgerung Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass 12 Jahre nach Primärimplantation einer KTEP die Revisionsrate in der Gruppe der sportlich aktiven Patienten verglichen mit den Inaktiven deutlich reduziert war. Daher lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass moderate sportliche Aktivität nach künstlichem Kniegelenkersatz keinen negativen Einfluss auf die Standzeit einer Knietotalendoprothese hat, sondern sogar möglicherweise zu verbesserter Osteointegration und damit zu weniger osteolytischen Reaktionen mit daraus resultierender aseptischer Prothesenlockerung führen könnte.
Editorial
Authors: Bantleon Hans-Peter , Schepp Niko
Published: July 2018

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

dieses Heft wurde von Niko Schepp in Kooperation mit den österreichischen Universitätszahnkliniken gestaltet. Die praktischen Aspekte der Kieferorthopädie beschreibt er als Praktiker in seinem Artikel über Nichtanlagen der zweiten Prämolaren im Unterkiefer anhand von 2 Fallberichten mit Lückenschluss. Weitere Fälle von Agenesien der seitlichen Schneidezähne werden von Jäger und Feldner abgehandelt.
Soziale Ängste im klinischen Hochrisikostadium für Psychosen
Authors: Haidl Theresa Katharina , Rosen Marlene , Ruhrmann Stephan , Klosterkötter Joachim
Published: July 2018

In den letzten Jahren wird zunehmend über die Komorbidität von schizophrenen Störungen mit Angsterkrankungen berichtet. So wurde bei Patienten mit einer Störung aus dem Schizophrenie-Spektrum in 38,3 % eine Angsterkrankung und darunter mit 14,9 % am häufigsten eine soziale Phobie (SP) gefunden. Gerade sozialer Angst kommt bei Patienten mit Psychose eine besondere Bedeutung zu, weil sie sich oft mit Depressivität verbindet und zur Entstehung von psychosozialen Behinderungen beitragen kann. Auch im Hochrisikostadium für Psychosen („Clinical High- Risk State for Psychosis“, HRP) treten Angsterkrankungen bereits gehäuft auf. Daher stellen sich die Fragen, ob auch hier die soziale Angststörung dominiert und welche Bedeutung dies für die Arbeit in den Früherkennungs- und Präventivzentren hätte. Um diese Fragen zu klären, gibt diese Arbeit erstmals einen systematischen Überblick über alle bisher publizierten Untersuchungen zu sozialen Ängste im klinischen HRP.

Insgesamt wurden 124 Studien eingeschlossen. Nach der aussagekräftigsten dieser Arbeiten kamen Angsterkrankungen bei den HRP-Probanden mit knapp 51 % hochsignifikant häufiger als bei Kontrollpersonen mit nur knapp 4 % vor. Die SP dominierte und war mit einer Prävalenz 14,4 % gegenüber nur 0,36 % bei den Kontrollpersonen fast genauso häufig vertreten, wie man sie unter den Angststörungen im Schizophrenie-Spektrum (14,9 %) gefunden hat. Der in 9 Studien mit Hilfe der Social Interaction and Anxiety Scale (SIAS) ermittelte Ausprägungsgrad sozialer Ängstlichkeit (SÄ) lag im Mittel bei den HRP Gruppen nahezu genauso hoch (SIAS-Score = 34,4; SD = 6,11) wie bei den bereits an einer Psychose erkrankten Patienten (SIAS-Score = 35,0; SD = 9,56) und hob sich deutlich von den Werten für Angehörige von Psychosekranken (SIAS-Score = 22,1; SD = 8,7) und Kontrollen (SIAS Score =  14,6; SD = 7,28) ab. Der Ausprägungsgrad der SÄ stand zwar mit der für das HRP maßgeblichen attenuierten psychotischen Symptomatik im Zusammenhang, ließ aber keine Vorhersagekraft für den Übergang in die psychotische Erstmanifestation erkennen. Die psychosozialen Funktionsverluste im HRP scheinen zudem nicht nur mit der SÄ, sondern auch mit den ebenfalls häufigen komorbiden depressiven Störungen in Verbindung zu stehen. Ferner konnte eine Studie zeigen, dass es erfolgversprechend ist, die SÄ im HRP durch neu entwickelte spezialisierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapien anzugehen.