bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Current Research Trends in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Yin Mengchen , Wang Hongshen , Xu Chongqing , Yan Yinjie , Mo Wen
Published: March 2020

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), a most common malignant tumor arising from the bone, has a very high mortality and disability rate. Due to its multi-targeted and multi-biologically active natural components, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a good therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. So far, few analyses have summarized the researches of TCM treatment for OS. This study aimed to illustrate the research framework, overall knowledge structure, and development trends of TCM treatment for OS, using a bibliometric analysis and newly developed visualization tools. Methods: Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science (WOS) database and the time span was defined as “all years”. Articles were tracked using the key words “osteosarcoma”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula”, “Chinese Herb Formula” and “Chinese herbal drug”. Moreover, VOS viewer and Citespace software was used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Annual trends of publications, distribution of institutes, distribution of journals, citation and H-Index status, co-authorship status, research hotspots and co-citation status were analyzed. Results: After reading the abstract or the full text, 223 publications in the WOS database met the requirement. The number of published articles showed a rise but the citation frequency and the H-index of China were relatively low. The cooperation between the countries, institutes and authors were relatively weak. Most publications were basic researches. Most previous researches focused on basic mechanisms of TCM in treating OS, and therapy and improvement of dosage form may become a frontier in this research field. Conclusion: Compared with other fields, this field is still in infancy. The distribution of researches is imbalanced and cooperation between countries, institutions and authors remains to be strengthened. Furthermore, basic research occupies an absolute dominant position, and the exploration of the molecular mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating OS may become a key point in the future.
Gene Expression Profile Associated With Neural Tube Defects Among Infants Attending Muhimbili National Hospital And Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute In Tanzania
Authors: Sadallah Mariam , Assenga Evelyne Neema , Pallangyo Charles , Manji Karim
Published: March 2020

Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. The specific cause is not known, though several factors including gene variants involving the folate metabolism have been implicated in the etiology. This study aimed at identifying the gene expression profile of selected genes known to be associated with NTDs among infants attending Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI).Methodology We conducted a matched case control study involving infants who were attending MNH and MOI during 6 months of the study period. Each case was matched with two controls by gestational age, sex and birth weight. Whole blood samples were collected from all study participants for genetic analysis. Total RNA was isolated using Qiagen RNA blood mini kit, and reversed transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using Super Script II Reverse Transcriptase cDNA Synthesis kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on extracted cDNA by a Light Thermal Cycler 480 machine using specific primers for studied genes to determine their expression levels.Results were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5Software, using Student t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc statistical tests. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The study recruited 50 cases and 100 controls. Among eight studied genes, we found significantly low expression of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] gene among cases than controls (p=0.006). Expression of others genes were having variations and expressed at very low levels in both cases and controls.Conclusion A low expression level of MTHFR gene was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs amongst infants attending MNH and MOI.Recommendation: We recommend gene expression analysis to be done on mothers of infants with NTDs to identify those at risk; and further mutational analysis to be done to enhance genetic counseling and therefore to prevent recurrence of NTDs.
Understanding Awareness and Consumption of Folic Acid among reproductive age women in Bahirdar Town, North west Ethiopia: a qualitative study.
Authors: Manaye betelihem , Zeru Taye
Published: March 2020

Background: Adequate maternal consumption of folic acid before pregnancy and during the early weeks of gestation can reduce the risk of having a child with a neural tube defect. Current guidance recommends that all women who could become pregnant should take a folic acid supplement before conception and until the twelfth week of pregnancy. The aim of the study was to understand women’s awareness and folic acid consumption among reproductive age women in Bahir Dar town.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research approach, implementing face-to-face focus group (FGD) discussions was done during the month of 2019. The FGD audio was recorded and translated to English, and then content and thematic analysis was done.Result: Forty two (42) participants participated through four (4) focus group discussions. Almost all respondents did not know what foods contain folic acid. Even though Two (2) participants of the FGDS had heard/seen information about children who had Hydrocephalus / Spinal bifida they did not know the causes of neural tube defects.Conclusions : All reproductive age women that participated in the study had no under- standing of the importance of eating foods rich in folic acid in the months prior to pregnancy, and did not know food items containing high levels of folic acid.
Elevated hepcidin, ferroportin associated with glucose metabolism disorder in midpregnancy
Authors: Ma Ziwen , Cheng Yan , Zhang Qingying , Wu Kui , Li Tingting , Liu Junxiu , Cheng Haidong
Published: March 2020

[Objective]: Hepcidin and ferroportin are major regulators of iron metabolism. Although many previous studies have shown that iron metabolism disorder may contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), few studies have investigated hepcidin and other iron metabolism parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hepcidin, ferroportin and GDM. [Methods]: A case-control study was conducted in 85 women with GDM and 85 women without GDM (controls) who received regular prenatal care at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from October 2015 to May 2016. Serum ferritin (SF), hepcidin (Hepc), ferroportin (FPN), and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), as well as other clinical parameters, were detected and analyzed in all groups. [Results]: The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), SF, Hepc, FPN and sTfR as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the GDM group (P<0.05 for all). In the GDM group, FPN was positively correlated OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h In the control group, only sTfR was positively correlated with OGTT-1 h. There was no correlation between the iron metabolism indicators in both GDM and control group.[Conclusion]: Hepc, FPN sRfR and SF levels were higher in the GDM group. Elevated Hepc and FPN are associated with glucose metabolism disorder and may play an important role in GDM.
Genome-scale Pathway Flux Analysis Predicts Efficacy of anti-PD-1 Therapy in Melanoma
Authors: Mei Qi , Du Shangming , Halfter Kathrin , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Guokun , Li Yingxia , Saad Christian , Huang He , Qi Shankang , Cheng Weiting , Hu Guangyuan , Mansmann Ulrich , Li Jian
Published: March 2020

Background: Currently, predicting treatment efficacy to immunotherapy has been under extensive investigation. However, a putative biomarker for immunotherapy in melanoma remains to be found.Methods: Utilizing genetic data from two independent melanoma patient cohorts treated with anti-PD-1 therapy, the study described herein conducted a genome-scale pathway flux analysis (GPFA) and related statistical methods to determine whether specific pathways could be identified that are relevant to immunotherapy efficacy.Results: The analysis results highlighted three mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma including 1) proper cellular functions in immune cells; 2) angiogenesis for the development and differentiation of immune cells; 3) energy metabolic remodeling to meet the activation of immune cells. Based on these discoveries, a pathway flux-based biomarker (IM.Index) was developed and assessed to validate its predictive ability with odds ratio (OR) of 3.14 (95%CI: 1.16-8.45; p=3.10E-3), sensitivity 76% and specificity 89%. The IM.Index achieved an objective response rate (ORR) of 70%. Comparison to other four putative biomarkers (TMB, NAL, neo-peptide load and cytolytic score) showed a comparative outcome with an hazard ratio (HR) of 1.83 (95%CI: 1.26-2.67; p=1.62E-3) and area under curve (AUC) of 0.82.Conclusion: These results indicate a translational potential of IM.Index, as a biomarker, for anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma and the GPFA might pave a new path for biomarker discovery in immunotherapy.
Quantitative Muscle Ultrasound versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hu Jun , Jiang Li , Hong Siqi , Cheng Li , Wang Qiao , Peng Xuehua , Qin Jiaqiang , Zou Lin
Published: March 2020

Background: Nowadays, it needs favorable biomarkers to follow up the disease progression and therapeutic responses of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study evaluates which one of Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitable for the disease in China. Methods: Thirty-six boys with DMD engaged in the longitudinal observational cohort study, who used prednisone from baseline to 12th month. Muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of QMUS and T1-weighted MRI grading were measured in the right quadriceps femoris of the boys with DMD. Results: The scores of MT and EI of QMUS and T1-weighted MRI grading showed significant correlations with the clinical ones of muscle strength, timed testing, and quality of life. The scores of MT and EI of QMUS showed good correlations with the ones of T1-weighted MRI grading too (P<0.05). But 15 of 36 boys with DMD did not take MRI examinations for different reasons. Conclusions: QMUS and MRI can use as biomarkers for tracking DMD. Nevertheless, QMUS, because of its practical, low cost, and patient-friendly, applies for DMD widely than MRI in China. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Child
Building a Reference Transcriptome for the Hexaploid Hard Fescue Turfgrass (Festuca brevipila) Using a Combination of PacBio Isoseq and Illumina Sequencing
Authors: Qiu Yinjie , Yang Ya , Hirsch Cory D. , Watkins Eric
Published: March 2020

Background: Hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracey, 2n=6x=42) is a cool season turfgrass with a fine leaf texture that performs well under low-input management. Breeding and genetics studies of F. brevipila have been limited due to the complexity of its hexaploid genome. To advance our knowledge of F. brevipila genomics, we used PacBio isoform sequencing to develop a reference transcriptome for this species. Results: Here, we report the F. brevipila reference transcriptome generated from root, crown, leaf, and seed head tissues. We obtained 59,510 full-length transcripts, of which 38,595 were non-redundant full-length transcripts. The longest and shortest transcripts were 11,487 and 58 bp, respectively. To test the polyploid origin of F. brevipila, we sequenced three additional transcriptomes using closely related species on an Illumina platform. The results of our phylotranscriptomic analysis supported the allopolyploid origin of F. brevipila. Conclusions: Overall, the F. brevipila Pacbio Isoseq reference transcriptome provided the foundation for transcriptome studies and allowed breeders for gene discovery in this important turfgrass species.
Construir cultura com arquétipos: O herói-engenhoso metaforiza o gestor da construtora OAS (Salvador – BA)
Authors: Oliveira Maryjane Aleluia , Rodriguez Vanessa Brasil Campos , Castro Miguel Angel Rivera
Published: March 2020

Este estudo pretende ressaltar a importância dos arquétipos e suas contribuições para a análise da cultura das organizações. O arquétipo é um modelo que molda pensamentos e atitudes próprias dos indivíduos, sociedades e sistemas. A organização, entendida como sistema, está estruturada sobre arquétipos. A cultura da Construtora OAS (Salvador- Bahia) foi analisada levando-se em conta a percepção de dois grupos distintos dentro da empresa através da metodologia quali-quantitativa. Através do uso da escala Likert de sete pontos foi possível quantificar e mensurar os graus de intensidade dos arquétipos selecionados para a amostra (criança, sombra, herói e sábio) nos gestores da OAS. A partir das análises obtidas através do cruzamento dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos, a pesquisa revelou que a cultura organizacional da Construtora OAS sofre influência de dois arquétipos predominantes no seu nível mais profundo: o herói e o sábio resultando na imagem de um herói-engenhoso, perfil do gestor.
Radiolabeled Peptide Probes for Liver Cancer Imaging
Authors: Cao Rui , Liu Hongguang , Cheng Zhen
Published: March 2020

Liver cancer/Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death and
represents an important cause of mortality worldwide. Several biomarkers are overexpressed in
liver cancer, such as Glypican 3 (GPC3) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). These
biomarkers play important roles in the progression of tumors and could serve as imaging and therapeutic
targets for this disease. Peptides with adequate stability, receptor binding properties, and
biokinetic behavior have been intensively studied for liver cancer imaging. A great variety of them
have been radiolabeled with clinically relevant radionuclides for liver cancer diagnosis, and many
are promising imaging and therapeutic candidates for clinical translation. Herein, we summarize the
advancement of radiolabeled peptides for the targeted imaging of liver cancer.
LncRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Autophagy-involved Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of Molecular Mechanism and T herapy Strategy
Authors: Jin Lihui , Hong Nanchao , Ai Xuefeng , Wang Jing , Li Zhuoyan , Han Zhenyuan , Zhang Qi , Yu Yu , Sun Kun
Published: March 2020

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide.
The concept of precision medicine in CVD therapy today requires the incorporation of individual genetic
and environmental variability to achieve personalized disease prevention and tailored treatment. Autophagy,
an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation process, has been demonstrated to be essential
in the pathogenesis of various CVDs. Nonetheless, there have been no effective treatments for autophagy-
involved CVDs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNA sequences that play versatile
roles in autophagy regulation, but much needs to be explored about the relationship between
lncRNAs and autophagy-involved CVDs.

Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs contribute considerably to modulate autophagy
in the context of CVDs. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of the role lncRNAs
play in cardiovascular autophagy and autophagy-involved CVDs. Then, recent developments of antisense
oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to target lncRNAs to specifically modulate autophagy in diseased
hearts and vessels are discussed, focusing primarily on structure-activity relationships of distinct
chemical modifications and relevant clinical trials.

Perspective:

ASOs are promising in cardiovascular drug innovation. We hope that future studies of
lncRNA-based therapies would overcome existing technical limitations and help people who suffer from
autophagy-involved CVDs.
Altered Expression of MicroRNAs in the Bone Marrow of Multiple Myeloma Patients and their Relationship to Cytogenetic Aberrations
Authors: Attia Hanaa R.M. , Abdelrahman Amany H. , Ibrahim Mona H. , Eid Maha M. , Eid Ola M. , Sallam Mohamed T. , El Gammal Mosaad M. , Kamel Mahmoud M.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy, driven by
several genetic and epigenetic alterations. MiRNAs as biomarkers have become a rapidly growing research
area in the last decade.

Aim:

The aim was to study the expression pattern of selected miRNAs and to explore the impact of cytogenetic
aberrations in MM patients for therapeutic tools.

Patients and Methods:

Forty Egyptian adult patients were selected for the study with symptomatic
newly diagnosed MM disease. Bone marrow samples were collected to investigate twelve miRNAs selected
according to their relation to the most common cytogenetic aberrations with relevant prognostic
value. The relative expression of the selected miRNAs was determined using a real-time PCR technique.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) technique was performed for cytogenetic analysis.

Results:

Eight miRNAs were down-regulated [miR-15a (p<0.001), miR214-3p (p<0.001), miR135b
(p<0.001), miR19a-3p (p<0.001), miR19b-3p ((p=0.026), miR30e-5p (NS), miR133a (NS), miR146a-
5p (p<0.001)]. Four miRNAs were up-regulated [miR99b-5p (p=0.028), miR125a-3p (p=0.004), let7b-
5p (p<0.001), let7c-5p (p<0.001)]. Significant relation was observed between positive 14q32 rearrangement
using the break apart re-arrangement probe for 14q32.33 locus and lower expression levels
of miR15a (p= 0.014), 214-3p (p=0.046), 99b-5p (p=0.014), 146a-5p (p=0.041). A higher expression
level of miR30e-5p was significantly related to positive 14q32 rearrangement.

Conclusion:

Deregulated miRNAs were identified and the association with 14q32 rearrangement and
MM pathogenesis has been determined.
Apigenin Alleviates Renal Fibroblast Activation through AMPK and ERK Signaling Pathways In Vitro
Authors: Li Ningning , Wang Zhan , Sun Tao , Lei Yanfei , Liu Xianghua , Li Zhenzhen
Published: March 2020

Objective:

Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney
disease. Activated fibroblasts contribute remarkably to the development of renal fibrosis. Although
apigenin has been demonstrated to play a protective role from fibrotic diseases, its pharmacological effect
on renal fibroblast activation remains largely unknown.

Materials and Methods:

Here, we examined the functional role of apigenin in the activation of renal
fibroblasts response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its potential mechanisms. Cultured
renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were exposed to apigenin (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM), followed by the stimulation
of TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. The markers of fibroblast activation were determined. In order to
confirm the anti-fibrosis effect of apigenin, the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in renal fibroblasts
was assessed. As a consequence, apigenin alleviated fibroblast proliferation and fibroblastmyofibroblast
differentiation induced by TGF-β1.

Result:

Notably, apigenin significantly inhibited the fibrosis-associated genes expression in renal fibroblasts.
Moreover, apigenin treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated
protein kinase (AMPK). Apigenin treatment also obviously reduced TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation
of ERK1/2 but not Smad2/3, p38 and JNK MAPK in renal fibroblasts.

Conclusion:

In a summary, these results indicate that apigenin inhibits renal fibroblast proliferation,
differentiation and function by AMPK activation and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting it
could be an attractive therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Cross Adaptation Quality of Life Questionnaire for Periodontitis Patients (Modified Indonesian Version) in Menopausal Women
Authors: Wulandari Pitu , Masulili Sri Lelyati C , Kusdhany Lindawati S , Puspitadewi Susi R , Musurlieva Nina , Baziad Ali
Published: March 2020

Background:

Changes in steroidal sex hormones in peri- and post-menopausal women affect their bodies, including their periodontal tissues. Disorders of periodontal tissues can impact the patient’s quality of life, so a valid instrument in measuring quality of life is needed in order to know how much periodontitis affects the quality of life of sufferers in peri and postmenopausal women.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the quality of life questionnaire for patients with periodontitis (modified Indonesian version).

Methods:

Cross-cultural adaptation was tested in peri- and post-menopausal women aged 45–59 years. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was examined among 268 women, who lived in Jakarta and were undergoing a periodontal examination to determine periodontitis severity.

Results:

Cronbach’s α coefficients for internal consistency were: 0.929 (questions related to gums) and 0.942 (questions related to teeth); The test-retest reliability was good as determined based on a test–repeat test involving 27 women; the interclass coefficient was 0.880 (questions related to gums) and 0.878 (questions related to teeth). The construct validity of the questionnaire (questions related to gums and teeth) showed that the questionnaire was significantly associated with oral health and food taste (P<0.001). The discriminant validity of the questionnaire, the influence of the gums on speaking difficulties (P=0.011) and family life (P=0.025) and the influence of the teeth on family life (P=0.020) and mood (P=0.019) could enable differentiation of periodontal severity in peri- and post-menopausal women.

Conclusion:

This study confirmed the reliability and validity of the quality of life questionnaire for patients with periodontitis (modified Indonesian version) in peri- and post-menopausal women, therefore this questionnaire can be used to measure the quality of life of periodontitis patients in peri and postmenopause in Indonesia.
Размерное квантование в n-GaP
Authors: Расулов B.P. , Расулов Р.Я. , Эшболтаев И.М. , Султонов P.P.
Published: March 2020

Abstract The size-quantized energy spectrum and the electron wave function in the X _3 and X _1 subbands of the conduction band of n -GaP are calculated.
Особенности слоев SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, синтезированных на кремнии методом молекулярного наслаивания
Authors: Барабан А.П. , Денисов Е.А. , Дмитриев В.А. , Дрозд А.В. , Дрозд В.Е. , Селиванов А.А. , Сейсян Р.П.
Published: March 2020

The paper compares the characteristics of silicon oxide
layers obtained by various technological methods. It is shown that
the catalytic method of obtaining silicon oxide layers by molecular
layering has a number of advantages. The main ones are low
growth temperature, high-quality interface with silicon substrate
and high growth rate of films. Studies by cathodoluminescence
allowed to evaluate the structural quality of silicon oxide layers
obtained by molecular layering, and confirmed the idea of its
possibilities for obtaining high-quality films of silicon oxide for
wide practical application.
Физика
Об аномальном влиянии внешнего электрического поля на фазовый переход второго рода в тонкой сегнетоэлектрической пленке
Authors: Нечаев В.Н. , Шуба А.В.
Published: March 2020

In the framework of the phenomenological theory of Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire, the features of the phase transition in a thin ferroelectric film in external electric field are investigated depending on the film thickness and the type of polarization fixed on its surface. It was found that the phase transition mechanism changes in an electric field. In addition to specific diffusing, which differs from diffusing in a bulk material by the appearance of a temperature range with an anomalously high susceptibility near temperature Tc, the phase transition shifts in temperature, and the shift value depends on the film thickness, its surface properties and in a weak fields does not depend on the field strength.
К статической устойчивости трубопровода
Authors: Хакимов А.Г.
Published: March 2020

Based on the assumption of the initial deformed shape of the pipeline without initial stresses, the critical compression force is determined. The pipeline was under the influence of internal and external pressures, compressive forces. A fluid with a given density flowed through the pipeline. The axisymmetric expansion of the pipe and its longitudinal shortening, changes in the temperature of the pipe wall, and the formation of an ejection arch were taken into account. The static interaction of instabilities under the influence of the above factors is studied.
Влияние границ зерен на электропроводность медных сплавов
Authors: Чембарисова Р.Г.
Published: March 2020

The analysis by analytical modeling methods of the experimentally detected lack of sensitivity of the resistivity of Cu-Cr, Cu-Cr-Zr alloys to the structural changes observed in samples subjected to severe plastic deformation was performed. Using the Cu-1.8 wt% Cr-0.8 wt% Zr alloy as an example, it is shown that an increase in the contribution to the resistivity of grain boundaries and precipitated small particles of secondary phases after equal-channel angular pressing is compensated mainly by a decrease in the contribution to the resistivity of alloying elements in the matrix.
Атомное разупорядочение и ОЦК -> ГЦК превращение в сплаве Гейслера Ni-=SUB=-54-=/SUB=-Mn-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-1-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-25-=/SUB=-, подвергнутом мегапластической деформации кручением под высоким давлением
Authors: Пушин В.Г. , Куранова Н.Н. , Марченкова Е.Б. , Пушин А.В.
Published: March 2020

Heusler L21 alloy Ni54Mn20Fe1Ga25 subjected to megaplastic deformation by high pressure torsion was first systematically investigated by in situ phase x-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is established that shear deformation by torsion at room temperature grinds the polycrystalline structure of the alloy to a nanocrystalline and partially amorphous state. It is found that as the pressure value (from 3 to 5 GPa) and the degree of deformation (from 2 to 5 revolutions) increases, total atomic disordering and stepwise structural-phase transformation according to the scheme B2(BCC)→A2(BCC)→A1(FCC) occur. It is shown that annealing at temperatures below 570 K entails devitrification of the amorphous phase, and at 620 K and above – the restoration of the L21 structure. The dimensional effect of suppressing thermoelastic martensitic transformation in a nanostructured austenitic L21 alloy with a grain size less than 80 nm while its cooling down to 120 K. The ability to thermoelastic martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in submicrocrystalline ultrafine alloy after recrystallization annealing at temperatures exceeding 600 K is restored.
Экспериментальная и теоретическая оценка рентгеноконтрастности тонкомерных образцов никелида титана с микронными покрытиями на основе Ti и Ta
Authors: Гудимова Е.Ю. , Мейснер Л.Л. , Мейснер С.Н. , Шабалина О.И. , Бощенко А.А. , Баев А.Е. , Винтизенко С.И.
Published: March 2020

The prospect of applying of Ti-Ta coatings of micron thickness in order to increase the X-ray visibility of the small-diameter TiNi samples for endoscopic surgery is analyzed in the paper. The radiopaque properties of the Ta and Ti-Ta coatings with thickness of 1-2 μm on the surfaces of the TiNi alloy wire a diameter of 152 μm were investigated. Comparative data of calculated (according to the X-rays mass absorption coefficient) and experimental (with use of X-ray method on the angiographic installation) characteristics of the X-ray visibility of coated samples are given. It is shown that the Ti60-70Ta40-30 coatings with a thickness of 1–2 μm lead to an increase in twice the X-ray visibility of the coated TiNi wire. The change in the X-ray visibility of coated TiNi samples (wire and semi-stents) depending on the concentration of tantalum in the coating was analyzed with use of different X-ray angiographic modes.
Акустические характеристики автоколебательного процесса, возникающего при взаимодействии сверхзвуковой недорасширенной струи с цилиндрической полостью
Authors: Волков К.Н. , Емельянов В.Н. , Ефремов А.В. , Цветков А.И.
Published: March 2020

In high-pressure gas-jet emitters, the source of sound energy is kinetic energy of gas jet at supercritical pressure ratios between the working pressure and the atmospheric pressure. Under certain conditions, interaction of a supersonic jet with the resonator is accompanied by powerful self-excited oscillating process with the generation of acoustic waves into the environment and cavity resonator. A model of a self-excited oscillating process arising from the interaction of non-isobaric jet with semi-closed cylindrical cavities, allowing to distinguish typical elements of gas-dynamic structure of the forming flow, is considered. The physical pattern of the flow in the cavity of gas-jet emitter is discussed, and a study of the dependence of the characteristics of the self-excited oscillating process on the gas-dynamic and geometric parameters is performed.
Численное исследование возможности генерации убегающих электронов в формирующемся катодном слое самостоятельного объемного разряда высокого давления
Authors: Лисенков В.В.
Published: March 2020

Calculations of the formation of the cathode layer of an self-sustained high-pressure volume discharge with pre-ionization of the gas medium excited by nano-and subnanosecond voltage pulses are carried out. It is shown that at pressures of ~ 1 atm at the final stage of the cathode layer formation, conditions for the generation of escaping electrons arise. We also considered the transition of electrons into runaway mode from the area of electric field amplification in front of the plasma (streamer) channel, which originates from the top of the micro-spike on the cathode. It is shown that at pressures of ~ 10 atm, electrons can transfer into runaway mode immediately after emission from the top of micro-spike in amplified electric field. Thus obtained runaway electrons can create pre-ionization of the gaseous medium and provide the formation of the initial phase of the discharge in volume form in the system without external pre-ionization.
Влияние толщины пленки Pt на изменение текстуры и доли кристаллической фазы при ее отжиге
Authors: Селюков Р.В. , Наумов В.В.
Published: March 2020

Textured Pt films with thickness h=20-80 nm were sputter deposited on oxidized c-Si (100) wafers and annealed in vacuum at 500°C/60 min. The thickness dependencies of the crystalline texture parameters and of the fraction of crystalline phase δ are obtained for as-deposited and annealed films using X-ray diffraction. The determination of δ in textured films is carried out by the new method based on rocking curve analysis. It is found that annealing leads to the texture improvement and to the increasing of δ for all h. The less h, the stronger effects of texture improvement and of δ increasing. These results are explained by the annealing-induced formation of large secondary grains whose volume fraction increases as h decreases. The inhomogeneity of the depth distributions of texture parameters and of δ are investigated for the as-deposited Pt films.
Модификация структуры градиентных покрытий Ti-Al-Si-Cu-N при механических испытаниях
Authors: Овчинников С.В.
Published: March 2020

The research of structural state at the indentation and scratch regions of the gradient coatings Ti-Al-Si-Cu-N was carried out with the use of dark field electron microscopy analysis method of the crystal lattice bending. It was found out that the strength properties of the substrate, which determine the degree of plastic relaxation of the applied load are significant for modifying the coating structure. The increase of the crystal lattice bending relative to undeformed state, the heterogeneity and anisotropy of its value relative to the point and axis of the load are found for the material under the indenter apex. The formation of the localized bands is shown, in which the increase of crystal sizes, decrease in the bending of the crystal lattice and residual local stresses were observed.
Структурные превращения наносистемы (1-x)Fe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--xRuO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- при различных температурах восстановления
Authors: Голубьев А.В. , Нищев К.Н. , Беглов В.И. , Кяшкин В.М. , Бродская И.Г. , Максимов Ю.В. , Имшенник В.К. , Новичихин С.В.
Published: March 2020

Методами конверсионной, абсорбционной мессбауэровской спектроскопии и рентгеновской дифракции изучены фазовый состав и структура оксидных и восстановленных водородом железо-рутениевых систем. В образцах с содержанием металлов (mass.%) 50Fe-50Ru после прокалки на воздухе при 773 и 973 K формируются наносистемы, содержащие две фазы различной степени дисперсности: alpha-Fe2O3 с примесью Ru и RuO2 с примесью Fe соответственно. Изучены структурные превращения наносистемы, прокаленной при 973 K, при различных условиях восстановления. Показано, что формирование наноструктур зависит от начальной и конечной температур восстановления. Присутствие рутения существенно изменяет кинетику восстановления оксидных систем. Показано, что при повышении температуры восстановления наблюдаются перестройки исходных стехиометрических оксидов в промежуточные оксидные структуры переменного состава с различным типом кристаллической решетки. Завершающим этапом восстановления служит образование кластеров металла или твердых растворов интерметаллидов. Ключевые слова: оксид железа-рутения, восстановленные водородом железо-рутениевые системы, структурные преобразования наносистем, конверсионная (CEMS) и абсорбционная мессбауэровская спектроскопия (МС), рентгеновская дифракция.
Ультракороткие импульсы с широким спектром излучения в волоконных лазерах с пассивной синхронизацией мод
Authors: Комаров А.К. , Комаров К.П. , Чжао Л.М.
Published: March 2020

On basis of numerical simulation and analytical calculations, the generation of fiber lasers in the regime of stationary ultrashort pulses with an extremely wide radiation spectrum is studied. It is shown that the spectral width of the generated pulses can be several times greater than the gain bandwidth of the laser active medium.
Оптические свойства отечественного сетчатого стеклоуглерода и его основы
Authors: Черепанов В.В. , Щурик А.Г. , Миронов Р.А.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the results of experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the optical properties of glassy carbon and domestic reticulated foam materials based on it. Since the optical properties of the surface are studied on dense samples, dense samples were previously created, identical in physical properties to glassy carbon - the basis of highly porous cellular carbon materials. From the experimentally measured the spectral hemispherical reflectivity of the surface of the samples under its normal illumination and by the Kramers-Kronig relations the spectra of optical constants of glassy carbon - the refractive indices and absorption, as well as a number of their derivative characteristics were determined. For them, simple approximating relations are given in the paper. The obtained spectral data was incorporated into the previously developed optical statistical simulation model of ultra-porous reticulated foam materials, which is based on a rigorous electromagnetic theory and allows you to take into account both the features of their microstructure and physical processes that occur in such systems at different spa-tial and temporal scales. The results of the calculation of local spectra, the scattering phase function, and radiation thermal conductivity are presented for the reticulated glassy carbon foam, which has wide prospects for use as a structural and heat-shielding material. Some additional features of the mathematical model are demonstrated also.
Особенности испарения капли при лучистом и конвективном нагреве
Authors: Архипов В.А. , Басалаев С.А. , Золоторёв Н.Н. , Перфильева К.Г. , Усанина А.С.
Published: March 2020

New method for determining the evaporation rate of single levitating drop at radiant heat flux has been proposed. The results of experimental study of the evaporation rate of distilled water drop upon heating by radiant and convective heat flux in the range of q = (0.25–1.5) W/cm^2 are presented. Comparative analysis of the features of the drop evaporation during radiant and convective heating has been carried out.
Influence of Bypass Fat and Mineral Supplementation during Transitional Period on Plasma Trace Minerals Profile and Postpartum Fertility in Jafarabadi Buffaloes
Authors: Vala1 K B , Dhami A J , Kavani F S , Ramani V P , Parmar S C
Published: March 2020

This investigation was carried out on 40 advanced pregnant Jafarabadi buffaloes of 2–4 parity equally divided into two groups, viz., control and treatment groups. The control animals were maintained on standard routine farm feeding, and the animals of the treatment group
received additional oral supplements of 50 g chelated mineral mixture and 150 g bypass fat daily along with concentrates for 6 weeks
prepartum and 8 weeks postpartum. The bypass fat was given @ 15 g/liter of milk produced limiting up to 200 g/head/day from 15–60
days postpartum. Ten animals in each control and treatment group further received Inj. Stimvet 5 mL (micro-minerals) around day 45
prepartum and on day of calving. Half of these Stimvet treated and control subgroups also received ecbolic Exapar (n = 5) 2 boli/day for
4 consecutive days postpartum. Blood samples were obtained from all animals by jugular vein puncture on the day –45, –30, –7 and 0
(day of calving), 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 peripartum for estimation of plasma trace minerals, viz., zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, and manganese. The
plasma zinc and copper concentrations were found to be higher on day 30 prepartum and again on day 7 postpartum in Stimvet injected
groups.Moreover, the overall pooled mean concentration of zinc was significantly higher in nutrients supplemented than the control
group. The plasma concentrations of iron, cobalt, and manganese did not reveal any specific trend or significant variations between
groups or between periods within any of the groups. Further, the peripartum oral nutrients supplementation significantly shortened
the periods of placental expulsion time and uterine involution, with early onset of postpartum first estrus, apparently shorter service
period and enhanced pregnancy rate in comparison to control group. The influence of Stimvet and Exapar alone or in combination,
however, did not show a significant beneficial effect on these traits, except shortened placental expulsion time and higher plasma zinc
and cobalt status. Hence, the Jafarabadi buffalo keepers may be advised to provide additional oral nutrients supplementation in the form
of bypass fat and chelated minerals over routine feeding to their animals during a transitional period for improved postpartum fertility.
Seeing Blocks and Crypto Bros
Authors: Berdugo Liat Rachel , Martinez Emily
Published: March 2020

How do cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin work? What is a blockchain? And, what does a typical Bitcoin holder look like? The artist collective Anxious to Make commissioned sixty cloudworkers to draw their answers to these questions. Drawings range from the mundane and stereotypical—a Bitcoin owner depicted as a bearded hipster shouting, HODL!—to the complex and eccentric—the blockchain drawn as connected nodes of random numbers, presumably meant to represent cryptographic hashes. 

Like much technology, the inner workings of cryptocurrency remain “black boxes” of understanding to most users. As a collective, Anxious to Make remains cautious of any technological apparatus that is believed in without understanding. These series of drawings point to the absurdity and comic nature of technological beliefs and utopic, seamless crypto-fantasies. We offer a subset of the drawings here, together with an analysis of the ways artistic labor is changed by—or mirrors—the practice of outsourcing.
NUMUNE GEOMETRİSİ VE YÜKLEME HIZI KOŞULLARININ KAYA MALZEMELERİ DOLAYLI ÇEKME DAYANIMI DEĞERLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: KOMURLU Eren
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, aynı çap ve farklı boy/çap oranlarına sahip kaya malzemesi numuneleri deformasyon kontrollü ve yük kontrollü olarak farklı yükleme hızı koşullarında test edilmiştir. 5 farklı kaya malzemesi ve toplam 90 adet dolaylı çekme dayanımı (Brezilyan) testi numunelerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yük kontrollü bir yükleme hızı (kN/s) seçimi koşulunda boy/çap oranı artışı ile hesaplanan dayanım değerlerinde belirgin ölçüde azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Numune geometrisi etkisinin minimize edilmesi, farklı boy/çap oranlarına sahip numunelerden benzer dayanım değerlerinin elde edilmesi için deformasyon kontrollü yükleme hızı (mm/dakika) seçilerek dolaylı çekme dayanımı testlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi önerilmiştir.
KİL BİR ZEMİNİN TAŞ KOLON YÖNTEMİYLE İYİLEŞTİRİLMESİNDE OPTİMUM ALAN YERLEŞİM ORANININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: BAĞRIAÇIK Baki
Published: March 2020

Zemin iyileştirme yöntemlerinden olan ve son yıllarda git gide önem kazanan taş kolon uygulamaları yumuşak kil, silt ve gevşek kumların iyileştirilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu iyileştirme yöntemi, taşıma gücünün arttırılması, oturmaların azaltılması, sıvılaşma potansiyelinin azaltılması ve şevlerin stabilitelerinin arttırılması amacı ile kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, taş kolonların tasarımı yapılırken önem arz eden taş kolonlarda alan yerleşim oranlarının (Ac/A) ve kolonlar arası mesafenin (s/dc) değişimi ile serbest basınç mukavemetlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla laboratuvar model deneylerinin yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Farklı çaplarda oluşturulmuş kil numunesinin merkezine açılan sabit çaptaki dairesel boşluklara kum zemin yerleştirilerek taş kolonlar oluşturulmuş ve serbest basınç deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre göre, Ac/A oranı 0.08 ve s/dc oranı 3.10 olması durumunda, en yüksek serbest basınç mukavemetine ulaşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak Ac/A ve s/dc oranlarının optimum değerlerinin yaklaşık olarak sırasıyla 0.08 ve 3.10 civarında olduğu bulunmuştur.
KOCAELİ VE ÇEVRESİ İÇİN COULOMB GERİLME ANALİZİ
Authors: GÖK Elçin , ERDEM Mustafa , ÖZER Çağlar
Published: March 2020

17 Ağustos 1999, Mw=7.6 büyüklüğündeki Kocaeli depremi, Marmara Denizi içine uzanan Kuzey Anadolu Fayının büyük bir deprem üretme olasılığını ve Marmara Bölgesi için Deprem Riski ve Sismik Tehlike analizinin önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışma alanında gelişen hareketlenmeye bağlı olarak oluşan depremler zaman zaman gerilmeyi değiştirmekte ve buna bağlı olarak bu bölgede oluşacak gerilimi incelemeye olanak sağlamaktadır. Coulomb gerilme değişimlerinin hesaplanmasıyla artçı depremler ve ana depremlere bağlı olarak meydana gelen gerilme artışı ve gerilmenin azaldığı yerler belirlenebilmektedir. Ayrıca deprem ve fay ilişkisi kurularak bölgedeki diğer fay ve depremler arasında bağlantı kurulmasına ve gelecekte deprem oluşacak yerlerin belirlenmesine imkan vermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Kocaeli’nde Coulomb gerilme analizi uygulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Coulomb programı kullanılarak 1990-2016 yılları arasında Marmara bölgesinde meydana gelen depremler kullanılmıştır. Marmara denizinde 6 adet model oluşturulup fayların Coulomb gerilme değişimleri ortaya konmuştur. Modellerde deprem ve fay parametrelerinin kullanıldığı Coulomb gerilmesi hesaplamaları ile gerilme artışının ve azalmasının Marmara denizinde ve çevresinde gösterdiği sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
ÇİMENTO VE UÇUCU KÜL BÜNYESİNDEKİ AĞIR METALLERİN ETKİLERİNİN HİDRATASYON VE ÇEVRE SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KAPLAN Gökhan , ÖZTÜRK Ali Uğur , UĞUR KAPLAN Afife Büşra
Published: March 2020

Çimento, beton üretimi içine kullanılan kalsiyum esaslı bağlayıcıların başında gelmektedir. Ayrıca uçucu kül, yüksek fırın cürufu, silis dumanı gibi endüstriyel atıkların çimento yerine kullanımı da her geçen gün artmaktadır. Günümüzde uçucu kül gibi endüstriyel atıkların beton ve çimento sektöründe kullanılması ile çevresel problemler azaltılmaktadır. Ancak çimento ve uçucu kül bünyesinde Pb, Cu, Sn, Cr, As, Mo, V, Co ve Cd gibi insan sağlığı açısından zararlı olan ağır metaller bulunmaktadır. Ağır metaller, DNA parçalanması, kromozom bozuklukları, cilt lezyonları, solunum ve sinir siteminde kalıcı hasarlara yol açmaktadır. Fakat belirtilen ağır metaller C-S-H, CH, etrenjit, monosülfat gibi hidratasyon ürünleri tarafından bağlanmaktadır. Bu sayede insan ve ekosistem için zararlı olan uçucu kül gibi endüstriyel atıklar bertaraf edilmektedir.
N-HEKZADEKAN/MONTMORİLLONİT KOMPOZİT FAZ DEĞİŞTİREN MADDELERİN HAZIRLANMASI VE ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: MERT Hatice Hande , MERT Mehmet Selçuk , MERT Emine Hilal
Published: March 2020

Faz değiştiren maddeler (FDMler), ısıl enerjinin faz değişimi esnasında sabit sıcaklıkta gizli ısı olarak depolanmasına ve gerektiğinde ortama salınmasına izin veren önemli fonksiyonel malzemelerdir. Kimyasal bileşimine göre organik, inorganik ve ötektik olmak üzere sınıflandırılan faz değiştiren maddelerden organik faz değiştiren maddeler sınıfında yer alan parafinler, yüksek gizli ısı depolama kapasiteleri, iyi faz değişim performansları, ısıl ve kimyasal kararlılıklarıyla ısıl enerji depolama uygulamalarında kullanım amacıyla oldukça dikkat çeken malzemelerdir. Ancak, bu malzemelerin faz değişimi esnasında gösterdikleri büyük hacim değişimi ve muhtemel sızdırma probleminden ötürü mikro ya da makro boyutta kapsülasyon işlemine gerek duyulmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, çeşitli yapıda nano dolgularla bu malzemelerin yapısal, kimyasal ve ısıl olarak kararlılıklarının arttırılması da mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, n-hekzadekan/modifiye montmorillonit kompozit faz değiştiren maddeler faz inversiyon emülsifikasyonu yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, faz değiştiren madde olarak n-hekzadekan, farklı katkı oranlarında emülsiyon sistemine ilave edilen, yüzey modifiye montmorillonit (MMT) kili varlığında poli(stiren-ko-divinilbenzen) kopolimer kabuk içerisinde mikro boyutta kapsüllenmiştir. Hazırlanan mikrokapsüllerin ısıl, morfolojik ve yapısal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, elde edilen kompozit malzemelerin sahip oldukları ısıl enerji depolama kapasiteleri ve uygun faz değişim sıcaklıkları yanında yüksek ısıl kararlılıklarıyla düşük sıcaklıktaki (18-30˚C) ısıtma ve soğutma sistemlerinde enerji depolanması amacıyla kullanılabilecek potansiyel birer aday olduğunu göstermiştir.
BİR BİLEK ORTEZİ İÇİN PASİF REHABİLİTASYON VE DİRENÇLİ EGZERSİZ UYGULAMA MODLARININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: KILIÇ Ergin , BAŞER Özgür
Published: March 2020

Günümüzde gittikçe artan yaşlı nüfusa ve yaşanan kazalara bağımlı olarak kısmi felçli insan sayısı sürekli artmakta olup gün geçtikçe terapistlerin emek, zaman ve maliyet olarak bu külfeti karşılamaları giderek zorlaşmaktadır. Robotik rehabilitasyon ise ev ortamı rahatlığında daha uzun süreli ve düşük maliyetli bir tedavi seçeneği sunmakta olup bu cihazlar yardımıyla tekrarlanabilir, ölçülebilir ve kontrol edilebilir uzuv hareketlerin yaptırılması oldukça kolaydır. Bu çalışmada el bileği rehabilitasyonu için geliştirilmiş olan bir aktif bilek ortezine hem pasif rehabilitasyon hem de dirençli egzersiz uygulamalarının yaptırılması amacıyla iki ayrı denetim modu daha eklenerek bir bilek rehabilitasyonunda ihtiyaç duyulacak tüm gereksinimlerin tek bir cihaz ile karşılanabilmesi sağlanmıştır.