bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of post-stroke EEG signal using wavelet and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Djamal Esmeralda C. , Ramadhan Rizkia I. , Mandasari Miranti I. , Djajasasmita Deswara
Published: August 2020

Post-stroke patients need ongoing rehabilitation to restore dysfunction caused by an attack so that a monitoring device is required. EEG signals reflect electrical activity in the brain, which also informs the condition of post-stroke patient recovery. However, the EEG signal processing model needs to provide information on the post-stroke state. The development of deep learning allows it to be applied to the identification of post-stroke patients. This study proposed a method for identifying post-stroke patients using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Wavelet is used for EEG signal information extraction as a feature of machine learning, which reflects the condition of post-stroke patients. This feature is Delta, Alpha, Beta, Theta, and Mu waves. Moreover, the five waves, amplitude features are also added according to the characteristics of the post-stroke EEG signal. The results showed that the feature configuration is essential as distinguish. The accuracy of the testing data was 90% with amplitude and Beta features compared to 70% without amplitude or Beta. The experimental results also showed that adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimization model was more stable compared to Stochastic gradient descent (SGD). But SGD can provide higher accuracy than the Adam model.
Effects of reduction factor on rain attenuation predictions over millimeter-wave links for 5G applications
Authors: Rashid M. , Din Jafri
Published: August 2020

Millimeter-wave will be the strong contender for the terrestrial link using for 5G networks. So it is imperative to examine these frequency bands to ensure the uninterrupted services when 5G network is connected in tropical regions. A critical challenge of link-budgeting in mm-wave 5G networks is the precise estimation of rain attenuation for short-path links. The difficulties are further intensified in the tropical areas where the rainfall rate is very high. Different models are proposed to predict rain attenuation, however recent measurements show huge discrepancies with predictions for shorter links at mm-wave. The path reduction factor is the main parameter in the prediction model for predicting total attenuation from specific rain attenuation. This study investigates four path reduction factor models for the prediction of rain attenuation. A comparison was made between these models based on rain attenuation data measured at 26 GHz at 300 m and 1.3 km links in Malaysia. All models are found to predict rain attenuation at a 1.3 km link with minimum errors, while tremendous discrepancies are observed for 300 m link. Hence it is highly recommended to further investigate the reduction factor model for shorter links less than 1 km
Modeling of Dirac voltage for highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor measured at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Ismail Muhamad Amri , Zaini Khairil Mazwan Mohd , Syono Mohd Ismahadi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the modeling approach of Dirac voltage extraction of highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) measured at atmospheric pressure is presented. The difference of measurement results between atmospheric and vacuum pressures was analyzed. This work was started with actual wafer-scale fabrication of GFET with the purposes of getting functional device and good contact of metal/graphene interface. The output and transfer characteristic curves were measured accordingly to support on GFET functionality and suitability of presented wafer fabrication flow. The Dirac voltage was derived based on the measured output characteristic curve using ambipolar virtual source model parameter extraction methodology. The circuit-level simulation using frequency doubler circuit shows the importance of accurate Dirac voltage value to the device practicality towards design integration.
Herbal plant recognition using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Md Zin Izwan Asraf , Ibrahim Zaidah , Isa Dino , Aliman Sharifah , Sabri Nurbaity , Mangshor Nur Nabilah Abu
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the application of deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for herbal plant recognition through leaf identification. Traditional plant identification is often time-consuming due to varieties as well as similarities possessed within the plant species. This study shows that a deep CNN model can be created and enhanced using multiple parameters to boost recognition accuracy performance. This study also shows the significant effects of the multi-layer model on small sample sizes to achieve reasonable performance. Furthermore, data augmentation provides more significant benefits on the overall performance. Simple augmentations such as resize, flip and rotate will increase accuracy significantly by creating invariance and preventing the model from learning irrelevant features. A new dataset of the leaves of various herbal plants found in Malaysia has been constructed and the experimental results achieved 99% accuracy
Data-driven adaptive predictive control for an activated sludge process
Authors: Razali Mashitah C. , Wahab Norhaliza Abdul , Ibrahim Syahira , Zainal Azavitra , Rahmat M. F. , Vilanova Ramon
Published: August 2020

Data-driven control requires no information of the mathematical model of the controlled process. This paper proposes the direct identification of controller parameters of activated sludge process. This class of data-driven control calculates the predictive controller parameters directly using subspace identification technique. By updating input-output data using receding window mechanism, the adaptive strategy can be achieved. The robustness test and stability analysis of direct adaptive model predictive control are discussed to realize the effectiveness of this adaptive control scheme. The applicability of the controller algorithm to adapt into varying kinetic parameters and operating conditions is evaluated. Simulation results show that by a proper and effective excitation of direct identification of controller parameters, the convergence and stability of the implicit predictive model can be achieved.
Power flow control in parallel transmission lines based on UPFC
Authors: Suliman Mohammed Y. , Al-Khayyat Mahmood T.
Published: August 2020

The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a FACTS powerful device that can control both active and reactive power flow of parallel transmission lines branches. In this paper, modelling and simulation of active and reactive power flow control in parallel transmission lines using UPFC with adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The mathematical model of UPFC in power flow is also proposed. The results show the ability of UPFC to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines.
Simulation study of memristor aided logic (MAGIC) based on CMOS NOR gate
Authors: Wan Zain Wan Mohamad Izzat , Al Junid Syed Abdul Mutalib , Md Idros Mohd Faizul , Abdul Razak Abdul Hadi , Osman Fairul Nazmie , Halim Abdul Karimi , Haron Muhammad Adib
Published: August 2020

Memristor is a non-volatile new technology memory where the data stored as a resistance which the performance is influenced by the stateful logic design. Therefore, this study is an attempt to investigate the performance of the MAGIC NOR Gate stateful logic design using LTSPICE and targeted to 2 bits memory application. The objective is to investigate the performance of memristor based stateful logic logic design and schematics for memory application. Furthermore, the study been carried out by implementing the MAGIC NOR gate stateful logic schematic, then simulate the design in order to see the effects of performance including the electrical parameters compared to the others. Evidently, the improvement of MAGIC NOR gate contributes in reducing the number of NOR gate and CMOS count. Besides, the MAGIC NOR gates takes parallel inputs topology and eliminate the threshold voltage compared to IMPLY logic. Nevertheless, larger numbers of memristor required to stable the output consistency in MAGIC NOR gate schematic.
Performance analysis of software defined network using intent monitor and reroute method on ONOS controller
Authors: Monika Putri , Negara Ridha Muldina , Sanjoyo Danu Dwi
Published: August 2020

Software Defined Network (SDN) provides high service flexibility to optimize network configuration based on network traffic. Traffic management able to solve traffic density in SDN. However, it will misuse the network bandwidth and links. One variant of the SDN controller, namely Open Network Operating System (ONOS), provides an Intent Monitor and Reroute (IMR) method that can optimize traffic management based on the description of an object in the ONOS application. This method can optimize the network bandwidth and links of SDN. The IMR can monitor the network and reconfigure the network to restore network connectivity by maximizing the use of each link when transmitting data. This study examines the impact of using IMR with a custom topology on ONOS to find the best scenario by performing traffic management on a data plane consisting of switches totaling 8-12 switches. The parameters measured in this study are bandwidth usage and quality of service (QoS). The results obtained in this study are IMR able to optimize the use of each link and maximize bandwidth usage in a network when distributing data and following TIPHON standards
Enhancement of microwave ring resonator based on poly-lactic acid thermoplastic substrate
Authors: Manab Nurul Hanani , Baharudin Elfarizanis , Seman Fauziahanim Che , Zin Rosnah Mohd.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the development of a single-port microwave ring resonator (MRR) sensor based on a thermoplastic material, which is poly-lactic acid (PLA), is presented. The open-ended coaxial probe method was applied to identify the dielectric properties of PLA in terms of dielectric constant (2.25) and loss tangent (0.0001). The PLA substrate was fabricated using a hot press machine and with the same thickness (1.6 mm) as FR4. Hence, to consider the PLA as microwave substrate, microwave ring resonator (MRR) operating at 1.1 GHz resonance frequency was designed, simulated, and measured. Based on the observation, the return loss of MRR for the simulation and the measurement of the conventional design are -5.37 dB and -5.02 dB, respectively. The quality factor (Q-factor) for both are 122.22 and 183.33, respectively. Then, the enhanced coupling gap method was applied to improve the performance of MRR sensitivity in terms of return loss and Q-factor. It is observed that the return loss of the enhanced design for the simulation and the measurement are -26.67 dB and -20.23 dB, respectively, and the Q-factor are 122.22 and 200, respectively. Thus, the performance of the MRR based on different designs were compared in order to validate the sensor’s sensitivity and PLA can be recognized as a substrate material for RF and microwave applications.
High gain antenna at 915 MHz for off grid wireless networks
Authors: Keriee Hussam Hamid , A. Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Nayyef Nawres Abbas , Zakaria Zahriladha , Al- Gburi Ahmed Jamal Abdullah , Al-Dhief Fahad Taha , Jawad Mustafa M.
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a high gain antenna for off-grid wireless networks at 915 MHz. The requirements for compact size and high gain antenna are needed in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band for better performance and coverage. Hence, microstrip planar substrate is proposed to overcome the size challenges. The proposed antenna is designed based on rectangular patch with air gap technique. The proposed antenna is optimized using computer simulation technology software (CST) and fabricated on low profile FR-4 substrate. The measured performance agreed well with the simulated one. The reflection of less than -10 dB is obtained with high gain of 6.928 dB at desired frequency. Overall, this antenna can be a good candidate for the off-grid wireless network applications.
Flexible ECG circuit fabrication and application using vinyl cutting technique
Authors: Sahar Noor Syazwana , Abdul-Kadir Nurul Ashikin , Che Harun Fauzan Khairi
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to prove the capability of vinyl cutting technique to cut the conductive traces of electronic circuit layout which used a copper tape (Copper tape 1181 from 3M) on flexible substrate to replace the method of using nano-scale particle material. A wireless electrocardiography (ECG) circuit was integrated and fabricated on flexible substrate, namely a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by using vinyl cutting method to produce the conductive line traces. After that, the fabricated circuit is used for acquiring ECG signals from a patient simulator and human subjects to measure the performance differences and compatibility as a wearable device. In the data processing stage, ECG data were denoised using sym20 from Wavelet Transform tool provided by MATLAB. Then, Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) was calculated and used as the signal quality indicator. At the end of the study, flexible circuit performance was compared to MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and it shows that there is no significance difference between both. In conclusion, vinyl cutting method shows a promising fabrication output on PET substrate as the performance of both flexible ECG circuit is comparable with rigid ECG circuit by a previous study.
Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic device for separation of potential cancer cells
Authors: Mohamad Narji Nur Fatien Najwa , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan
Published: August 2020

Cancer is a leading cause of death that adversely affects all ages and genders around the world. There is a range of approaches such as CT scanning and mammography to diagnose cancer. Although the current method has many benefits, most of it share similar drawbacks as the result of detection takes long time and can lead to over diagnosis. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method that can be used to obtain the cell electrical properties such as capacitance, conductivity, and permittivity. A device was designed in this study using a pair of electrodes and main channel with two inlets and two outlets. COMSOL software is adopted to analyze channel particle flow. Results show the configuration of microfluidic device and its dimensions. For potential application, DEP may be used as a non-invasive technique to distinguish normal cell from cancerous cell, which can lead to early detection as it offers a real-time warning. The simulations reveal that the electrodes captured the particles successfully and sorted them within specific time. The chance of cell capture and the ability of the electrodes to sort the cells is around 80%. In addition, an ideal design of the microfluidic chip was established, incorporating the cell and dielectric properties.
Mobile augmented reality using 3D ruler in a robotic educational module to promote STEM learning
Authors: Nordin Nur Amira Atika , Abd Majid Nazatul Aini , Ainun Zainal Noor Faridatul
Published: August 2020

Robotics education is gaining popularity among school children in line with the government desire to promote creative thinking in students through STEM based activities. However, the robots for educational games are usually made up of components and its description is usually one-way and static. Additionally, students find it difficult to visualize distances from robot movements when playing educational robotic games. Augmented reality (AR) technology is a viable tool to connect between in-context information and physical activities. The objective of this research is to design and develop an AR based application that can visualize the distance between two robots for supporting learning process in a game-based module. The application consists of three parts; the first part use AR in identification of components related to robots, while the second part involves the addition of real-time visualization in the form of AR, enabling students to learn the distance from the robot's movements. The third part used AR in providing the description of the robotic games through videos. The development of the application is based on the Agile model. The results show that the application has received positive feedbacks from students as it can increase their interest in playing robotic educational games.
A non-invasive and non-wearable food intake monitoring system based on depth sensor
Authors: Kassim Muhammad Fuad , Haji Mohd Mohd Norzali , Md Tomari Mohd Razali , Suriani Nor Surayahani , Zakaria Wan Nurshazwani Wan , Sari Suhaila
Published: August 2020

The food intake counting method showed a good significance that can lead to a successful weight loss by simply monitoring the food intake taken during eating. The device used in this project was Kinect Xbox One which used a depth camera to detect the motion of a person’s gesture and posture during food intake. Previous studies have shown that most of the methods used to count food intake device is worn device type. The recent trend is now going towards non-wearable devices due to the difficulty when wearing devices and it has high false alarm ratio. The proposed system gets data from the Kinect camera and monitors the gesture of the user while eating. Then, the gesture data is collected to be recognized and it will start counting the food intake taken by the user. The system recognizes the patterns of the food intake from the user by following the algorithm to analyze the gesture of the basic eating type and the system get an average accuracy of 96.2%. This system can help people who are trying to follow a proper way to avoid being overweight or having eating disorders by monitoring their meal intake and controlling their eating rate.
A comparative review on symmetric and asymmetric DNA-based cryptography
Authors: Hammad Baraa Tareq , Sagheer Ali Maki , Ahmed Ismail Taha , Jamil Norziana
Published: August 2020

Current researchers have focused on DNA-based cryptography, in fact, DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, has been applied in cryptography for performing computation as well as storing and transmitting information. In the present work, we made use of DNA in cryptographic, i.e. its storing capabilities (superior information density) and parallelism, in order to improve other classical cryptographic algorithms. Data encryption is made possible via DNA sequences. In this paper, two cases utilizing different DNA properties were studied by combining the DNA codes with those conventional cryptography algorithms. The first case concerned on symmetric cryptography that involved DNA coding with OTP (one time pad) algorithms. Asymmetric cryptography was considered in the second case by incorporating the DNA codes in RSA algorithm. The efficiencies of DNA coding in OTP, RSA, and other algorithms were given. As observed, the computational time of RSA algorithm combined with DNA coding was longer. In order to alleviate this problem, data redundancy was reduced by activating the GZIP compressed algorithm. The present experimental results showed that DNA symmetric cryptography worked quite well in both time and size analyses. Nevertheless, it was less efficient than the compressed DNA asymmetric cryptography.
Multi-dimensional cubic symmetric block cipher algorithm for encrypting big data
Authors: Dawood Omar A. , Hammadi Othman I. , Shaker Khalid , Khalaf Mohammed
Published: August 2020

The advanced technology in the internet and social media, communication companies, health care records and cloud computing applications made the data around us increase dramatically every minute and continuously. These renewals big data involve sensitive information such as password, PIN number, credential numbers, secret identifications and etc. which require maintaining with some high secret procedures. The present paper involves proposing a secret multi-dimensional symmetric cipher with six dimensions as a cubic algorithm. The proposed algorithm works with the substitution permutation network (SPN) structure and supports a high processing data rate in six directions. The introduced algorithm includes six symmetry rounds transformations for encryption the plaintext, where each dimension represents an independent algorithm for big data manipulation. The proposed cipher deals with parallel encryption structures of the 128-bit data block for each dimension in order to handle large volumes of data. The submitted cipher compensates for six algorithms working simultaneously each with 128-bit according to various irreducible polynomials of order eight. The round transformation includes four main encryption stages where each stage with a cubic form of six dimensions.
Increasing data storage of coloured QR code using compress, multiplexing and multilayered technique
Authors: Abas Azizi , Yusof Yuhanis , Din Roshidi , Azali Fazli , Osman Baharudin
Published: August 2020

Quick response (QR) code is a printed code of black and white squares that is able to store data without the use of any of the electronic devices. There are many existing researches on coloured QR code to increase the storage capacity but from time to time the storage capacity still need to be improved. This paper proposes the use ofcompress, multiplexing and multilayered techniques, as an integrated technique known as CoMM, to increase the storage of the existing QR code. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text characters are used as an input and performance is measured by the number of characters that can be stored in a single black and white QR code version 40. The experiment metrics also include percentage of missing characters, number of produced QR code, and elapsed time to create the QR code. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm stores 24 times more characters than the black and white QR code and 9 times more than other coloured QR code. Hence, this shows that the coloured QR code has the potential of becoming useful mini-data storage as it does not rely on internet connection.
Integrating device to device network with internet of health things: Towards minimum power allocation
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Shuker , Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Alkhayyat Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Among the crucial invention of the 5G is the device to device (D2D) system, whereby cellular gadgets correspond via immediate transfer or by multihop transfer excluding the ground-terminal. It is probable that D2D users are concurrent with human body network. Due to this, we suggested an internet of health things (IoHT) system which enables collaboration work among D2D users and human body indicators. We may regard the power as the most unique source in the wireless body area network (WBAN). The least needed transferring capacity may accomplish a particular degree of function, and minimum capacity for transfer holds a crucial responsibility in decreasing power usage. In this study, we discovered the needed transfer energy of four transferring modes: the straight transferring system, the double-hop transferring system, as well as double increasing coordinated transferring system with Rayleigh medium vanishing in its layout. Besides that, we suggested an energy-competent system named as efficient-power transmission mode selection-based (EPTMS) system. The suggested system chooses suitable transferring system whereby it offers the least needed transferring energy that assures a particular transfer duration. The statistical as well as simulation results shows that the two-master node cooperative protocols (TMNCP), EPTMS may enhance system conduction within the main criteria.
Optimal software-defined network topology for distributed denial of service attack mitigation
Authors: Mladenov Branislav , Iliev Georgi
Published: August 2020

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are a major threat to all internet services. The main goal is to disrupt normal traffic and overwhelms the target. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new type of network architecture where control and data plane are separated. A successful attack may block the SDN controller which may stop processing the new request and will lead to a total disruption of the whole network. The main goal of this paper is to find the optimal network topology and size which can handle Distributed denial of service attack without management channel bandwidth exhaustion or run out of SDN controller CPU and memory. Through simulations, it is shown that mesh topologies with more connections between switches are more resistant to DDoS attacks than liner type network topologies.
Performance analysis of optimized controllers with bio-inspired algorithms
Authors: Alexander Ibarra , Daniel Caiza , Paul Ayala , Diego Arcos-Aviles
Published: August 2020

This article proposes tuning of PID controllers through optimization techniques known as collective intelligence algorithms: the colony of ants and cuckoo search, applied to the temperature control of a PCT-2 plant. The dynamic behavior analysis of the controllers tuned by the application of collective intelligence algorithms were performed in comparison to a controller tuned by the genetic algorithm method and a controller designed with the PID tuner tool, obtaining favorable results in the tuning of the algorithms cuckoo search and ants colony in comparison to the PID tuner method and with a faster execution speed than the genetic algorithms method.
An open toolbox for generating map of actively confirmed SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 cases in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Duc Chung
Published: August 2020

The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, discovered in late 2019, being continued to spread across regions worldwide, has resulted in 1,914,916 “confirmed” cases with up to 123,010 deaths, as in situation report –85 by World Health Organization (WHO). Most of the developed disease monitoring and tracking tools currently available only present the reported cases up to country-level and not detail down to provincial- or state-, city- level within the countries. This is insignificant for supporting activities in quickly reducing and preventing the spread of the disease within a certain country because further detail potential infectious locations are not provided for people to avoid traveling or passing by there. Thus, this work presents an open toolbox for generating map of actively “Confirmed” cases in a country, i.e., Vietnam, given a dataset containing their statuses and current locations, detail down to provincial-or state-, city-level. The newly released algorithm reduced approximately 24.41% of processing time of the preceding one. In addition, the algorithm can be easily extended for supporting other countries given suitable datasets.
A triple band modified F-shaped monopole antenna for RFID application
Authors: Barigidad Spoorti , Yeshawant Aishwarya C. , Rao Sridevi , A. Tharunya C. , Ali Tanweer , Pathan Sameena
Published: August 2020

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a very prominent technology and is used in object-attached identification and tracking tags. In this paper a triple band monopole antenna is designed to work at 2.2-2.6 GHz (lower RFID band), 5.3-6.8 GHz and 8.7-9.5 GHz (upper RFID band) frequency ranges. The antenna design resembles a modified F-shaped radiator and is built on a low cost easily available FR4 dielectric substrate. Initially an F-shaped radiator with partial ground plane is studied which exhibits the operation at 2.6 and 6.5 GHz. Further, modifying this F-shaped radiator exhibits an additional resonance at 9.2 GHz. Fundamental characteristics such as reflection coefficient (S11), radiation pattern and 3D gain have been analyzed and good results have been obtained. Parametric analysis is carried out to fix the optimized antenna dimensions. All the simulations are carried out using the high frequency structure simulator software (HFSS). The antenna structure is easy to design and produce, and ideal for use in RFID applications.document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety.
Spatial and Functional Distribution of
MYBPC3
Pathogenic Variants and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Helms Adam S. , Thompson Andrea D. , Glazier Amelia A. , Hafeez Neha , Kabani Samat , Rodriguez Juliani , Yob Jaime M. , Woolcock Helen , Mazzarotto Francesco , Lakdawala Neal K. , Wittekind Samuel G. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Jacoby Daniel L. , Colan Steven D. , Ashley Euan A. , Saberi Sara , Ware James S. , Ingles Jodie , Semsarian Christopher , Michels Michelle , Olivotto Iacopo , Ho Carolyn Y. , Day Sharlene M.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Pathogenic variants in
MYBPC3
, encoding cardiac MyBP-C (myosin binding protein C), are the most common cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A large number of unique
MYBPC3
variants and relatively small genotyped hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cohorts have precluded detailed genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods:

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and
MYBPC3
variants were identified from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry. Variant types and locations were analyzed, morphological severity was assessed, and time-event analysis was performed (composite clinical outcome of sudden death, class III/IV heart failure, left ventricular assist device/transplant, atrial fibrillation). For selected missense variants falling in enriched domains, myofilament localization and degradation rates were measured in vitro.

Results:

Among 4756 genotyped patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry, 1316 patients were identified with adjudicated pathogenic truncating (N=234 unique variants, 1047 patients) or nontruncating (N=22 unique variants, 191 patients) variants in
MYBPC3
. Truncating variants were evenly dispersed throughout the gene, and hypertrophy severity and outcomes were not associated with variant location (grouped by 5′–3′ quartiles or by founder variant subgroup). Nontruncating pathogenic variants clustered in the C3, C6, and C10 domains (18 of 22, 82%,
P
<0.001 versus Genome Aggregation Database common variants) and were associated with similar hypertrophy severity and adverse event rates as observed with truncating variants. MyBP-C with variants in the C3, C6, and C10 domains was expressed in rat ventricular myocytes. C10 mutant MyBP-C failed to incorporate into myofilaments and degradation rates were accelerated by ≈90%, while C3 and C6 mutant MyBP-C incorporated normally with degradation rate similar to wild-type.

Conclusions:

Truncating variants account for 91% of
MYBPC3
pathogenic variants and cause similar clinical severity and outcomes regardless of location, consistent with locus-independent loss-of-function. Nontruncating
MYBPC3
pathogenic variants are regionally clustered, and a subset also cause loss of function through failure of myofilament incorporation and rapid degradation. Cardiac morphology and clinical outcomes are similar in patients with truncating versus nontruncating variants.
Perceptions on Diversity in Cardiology: A Survey of Cardiology Fellowship Training Program Directors
Authors: Crowley Anna Lisa , Damp Julie , Sulistio Melanie S. , Berlacher Kathryn , Polk Donna M. , Hong Robert A. , Weissman Gaby , Jackson Dorothy , Sivaram Chittur A. , Arrighi James A. , Kates Andrew M. , Duvernoy Claire S. , Lewis Sandra J. , Capers Quinn
Published: August 2020

Background

The lack of diversity in the cardiovascular physician workforce is thought to be an important driver of racial and sex disparities in cardiac care. Cardiology fellowship program directors play a critical role in shaping the cardiology workforce.

Methods and Results

To assess program directors’ perceptions about diversity and barriers to enhancing diversity, the authors conducted a survey of 513 fellowship program directors or associate directors from 193 unique adult cardiology fellowship training programs. The response rate was 21% of all individuals (110/513) representing 57% of US general adult cardiology training programs (110/193). While 69% of respondents endorsed the belief that diversity is a driver of excellence in health care, only 26% could quote 1 to 2 references to support this statement. Sixty‐three percent of respondents agreed that “our program is diverse already so diversity does not need to be increased.” Only 6% of respondents listed diversity as a top 3 priority when creating the cardiovascular fellowship rank list.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that while program directors generally believe that diversity enhances quality, they are less familiar with the literature that supports that contention and they may not share a unified definition of "diversity." This may result in diversity enhancement having a low priority. The authors propose several strategies to engage fellowship training program directors in efforts to diversify cardiology fellowship training programs.
That’s a Curious Copular Construction You Have There!
Authors: Kim Min-Joo
Published: August 2020

Sentences like That’s a beautiful dress you’re wearing are commonly heard in colloquial English. These sentences have a surface form that resembles identificational copular sentences with relative clause modifiers (e.g., This is the house I mentioned) and cleft sentences with demonstrative subjects (e.g., That was John that I saw). Ever since Higgins’s (1973) seminal work, English copular sentences have received much attention, but sentences like That’s a beautiful dress you’re wearing have not been part of that discussion. In this squib, I show how these sentences are both similar and dissimilar to identificationals and clefts, and suggest a formal analysis that captures their characteristic properties.
New combinations and a new name in Bletia (Bletiinae; Orchidaceae)

Authors: SOSA VICTORIA , CHASE MARK W.
Published: August 2020

New combinations and names are proposed for species formerly placed in three genera of subtribe Bletiinae. Based on the latest phylogenetic analyses of the subtribe in which species of Basiphyllaea and Hexalectris were embedded among the species of Bletia, twelve new combinations and a new name are proposed in the last.
An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina)
Authors: VINARSKI MAXIM V. , KORALLO-VINARSKAYA NATALIA P.
Published: August 2020

This article represents the third (and last) part of the catalogue of ectoparasitic gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia (Siberia and the Russian Far East). A total of 19 species of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 are indexed, with data on their taxonomic position, nomenclature, host range, and distribution within the region. As a conclusion, a brief overview of fauna of ectoparasitic gamasid mites parasitising Micromammalia (except bats) of Asiatic Russia is given. In total, 71 mite species belonging to nine genera of three families (Haemogamasidae, Hirstionyssidae, Laelapidae) are recorded and divided among taxonomic and ecological groupings.
Four new Tapinomorphus Hartmann species from Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Sciaphilini)
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN , NAKLÁDAL OTO
Published: August 2020

Four new Tapinomorphus species are described and illustrated: Tapinomorphus angolanus sp. nov. from Angola, T. kudrnai sp. nov. from Zambia, T. latipennis sp. nov. and T. verunkae sp. nov. from Zimbabwe. This brings the total number of species in the genus to 20. Habitus images and illustrations of important characters are provided.
The Schedule
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

An overview of the durational structure and breakdown of Chronicles from Kashmir.
Scene 0
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

The audience members meet their GUIDES for the experience. GUIDE #1 is Kashmiri; GUIDE #2 is an outsider.
Scene Three
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene presents a complex tale of torture of vengeance, between a man and a woman.
INSTALLATION A
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

A multisensorial curation of perspectives from/about Kashmiri Pandits.
Scene Seven
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene includes a depiction of variously intentioned soldiers in the government’s armed forces — the just, the nefarious, and the indifferent.
Scene Eight
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene portrays an abstract consideration of the ways in which different cultures approach the very notion of ‘disagreement’.
Scene Nine
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene presents a window into a community that has been a powerful minority in Kashmir.
INSTALLATION C
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

A multisensorial curation that showcases the interplay between civilian protestors and the state authorities that are mandated to control them.
Scene Eleven
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

A scene that seeks to provoke a discussion about relational hierarchies vis-à-vis the urban-rural divide in Kashmir.
A WEDDING and a CURFEWED NIGHT
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

A durational segment that places the audience as detained guests within a wedding that is being held under curfew.
Scene Twelve
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene includes disembodied voices that coalesce and fracture in their attempt to address divided realities.
Scene Thirteen
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene includes a snapshot of those who choose stones as symbols of their resistance — the stone-pelters.
Scene Fifteen
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

This scene seeks to catalyse a discussion about time. What can one person’s, or one culture’s, approach to time tell us about a subsequent attitude toward the past, the present, and the future of a war?
INSTALLATION E
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

An interactive space in which spectators are invited to consider what well-being looks like in a war zone.
Scene Twenty-Two
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

With the help of poetry from the Zapatistas in Mexico, this scene asks how we might find solidarity with those like ‘us’.
The Last Coalition
Authors: Dinesh Nandita
Published: August 2020

An interactive space that includes a recap, for the audience, of what they have experienced over the course of their 24 hours within Chronicles from Kashmir.
Environment and Mechanisms of Severe Turbulence in a Midlatitude Cyclone
Authors: Trier Stanley B. , Sharman Robert D. , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Lane Todd P.
Published: August 2020

A large midlatitude cyclone occurred over the central United States from 0000 to 1800 UTC 30 April 2017. During this period, there were more than 1100 reports of moderate-or-greater turbulence at commercial aviation cruising altitudes east of the Rocky Mountains. Much of this turbulence was located above or, otherwise, outside the synoptic-scale cloud shield of the cyclone, thus complicating its avoidance. In this study we use two-way nesting in a numerical model with finest horizontal spacing of 370 m to investigate possible mechanisms producing turbulence in two distinct regions of the cyclone. In both regions, model-parameterized turbulence kinetic energy compares well to observed turbulence reports. Despite being outside of hazardous large radar reflectivity locations in deep convection, both regions experienced strong modification of the turbulence environment as a result of upper-tropospheric/lower-stratospheric (UTLS) convective outflow. For one region, where turbulence was isolated and short lived, simulations revealed breaking of ~100-km horizontal-wavelength lower-stratospheric gravity waves in the exit region of a UTLS jet streak as the most likely mechanism for the observed turbulence. Although similar waves occurred in a simulation without convection, the altitude at which wave breaking occurred in the control simulation was strongly affected by UTLS outflow from distant deep convection. In the other analyzed region, turbulence was more persistent and widespread. There, overturning waves of much shorter 5–10-km horizontal wavelengths occurred within layers of gradient Richardson number < 0.25, which promoted Kelvin–Helmholtz instability associated with strong vertical shear in different horizontal locations both above and beneath the convectively enhanced UTLS jet.
Solar Radiation in the Arctic during the Early Twentieth-Century Warming (1921–50): Presenting a Compilation of Newly Available Data
Authors: Przybylak R. , Svyashchennikov P. N. , Uscka-Kowalkowska J. , Wyszyński P.
Published: August 2020

The early twentieth-century warming (ETCW), defined as occurring within the period 1921–50, saw a clear increase in actinometric observations in the Arctic. Nevertheless, information on radiation balance and its components at that time is still very limited in availability, and therefore large discrepancies exist among estimates of total solar irradiance forcing. To eliminate these uncertainties, all available solar radiation data for the Arctic need to be collected and processed. Better knowledge about incoming solar radiation (direct, diffuse, and global) should allow for more reliable estimation of the magnitude of total solar irradiance forcing, which can help, in turn, to more precisely and correctly explain the reasons for the ETCW in the Arctic. The paper summarizes our research into the availability of solar radiation data for the Arctic. An important part of this work is its detailed inventory of data series (including metadata) for the period before the mid-twentieth century. Based on the most reliable data series, general solar conditions in the Arctic during the ETCW are described. The character of solar radiation changes between the ETCW and present times, in particular after 2000, is also analyzed. Average annual global solar radiation in the Russian Arctic during the ETCW was slightly greater than in the period 1964–90 (by about 1–2 W·m−2) and was markedly greater than in the period 2001–19 (by about 16 W·m−2). Our results also reveal that in the period 1920–2019 three phases of solar radiation changes can be distinguished: a brightening phase (1921–50), a stabilization phase (1951–93), and a dimming phase (after 2000).
Understanding the Distinct Impacts of MCS and Non-MCS Rainfall on the Surface Water Balance in the Central United States Using a Numerical Water-Tagging Technique
Authors: Hu Huancui , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe
Published: August 2020

Warm-season rainfall associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the central United States is characterized by higher intensity and nocturnal timing compared to rainfall from non-MCS systems, suggesting their potentially different footprints on the land surface. To differentiate the impacts of MCS and non-MCS rainfall on the surface water balance, a water tracer tool embedded in the Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (WT-Noah-MP) is used to numerically “tag” water from MCS and non-MCS rainfall separately during April–August (1997–2018) and track their transit in the terrestrial system. From the water-tagging results, over 50% of warm-season rainfall leaves the surface–subsurface system through evapotranspiration by the end of August, but non-MCS rainfall contributes a larger fraction. However, MCS rainfall plays a more important role in generating surface runoff. These differences are mostly attributed to the rainfall intensity differences. The higher-intensity MCS rainfall tends to produce more surface runoff through infiltration excess flow and drives a deeper penetration of the rainwater into the soil. Over 70% of the top 10th percentile runoff is contributed by MCS rainfall, demonstrating its important contribution to local flooding. In contrast, lower-intensity non-MCS rainfall resides mostly in the top layer and contributes more to evapotranspiration through soil evaporation. Diurnal timing of rainfall has negligible effects on the flux partitioning for both MCS and non-MCS rainfall. Differences in soil moisture profiles for MCS and non-MCS rainfall and the resultant evapotranspiration suggest differences in their roles in soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks and ecohydrology.
Determination of Spatiotemporal Variability of the Indian Equatorial Intermediate Current
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Han Weiqing , Zhang Xiaolin , Liang Linlin , Xue Huijie , Huang Ke , He Yunkai , Li Jian , Wang Dongxiao
Published: August 2020

Using 4-yr mooring observations and ocean circulation model experiments, this study characterizes the spatial and temporal variability of the Equatorial Intermediate Current (EIC; 200–1200 m) in the Indian Ocean and investigates the causes. The EIC is dominated by seasonal and intraseasonal variability, with interannual variability being weak. The seasonal component dominates the midbasin with a predominant semiannual period of ~166 days but weakens toward east and west where the EIC generally exhibits large intraseasonal variations. The resonant second and fourth baroclinic modes at the semiannual period make the largest contribution to the EIC, determining the overall EIC structures. The higher baroclinic modes, however, modify the EIC’s vertical structures, forming multiple cores during some time periods. The EIC intensity has an abrupt change near 73°E, which is strong to the east and weak to the west. Model simulation suggests that the abrupt change is caused primarily by the Maldives, which block the propagation of equatorial waves. The Maldives impede the equatorial Rossby waves, reducing the EIC’s standard deviation associated with reflected Rossby waves by ~48% and directly forced waves by 20%. Mode decomposition further demonstrates that the semiannual resonance amplitude of the second baroclinic mode reduces by 39% because of the Maldives. However, resonance amplitude of the four baroclinic mode is less affected, because the Maldives fall in the node region of mode 4’s resonance. The research reveals the spatiotemporal variability of the poorly understood EIC, contributing to our understanding of equatorial wave–current dynamics.
Revisiting Money Demand Stability in India: Some Post-reform Evidence (1996–2016)
Authors: Adil Masudul Hasan , Haider Salman , Hatekar Neeraj R.
Published: August 2020

In the evidence of the globalised world economy and changing economic structure, the traditional policies require a close examination. This is particularly true in the case of emerging economies like India, which have experienced a rapidly changing policy environment since 1991. The demand for money is an important ingredient for monetary policy formulation. Therefore, the present study re-examines the stability and specification issues of money demand in India’s post-reform era. The study takes care of structural breaks in the macroeconomic series while using a unique quarterly dataset from 1996: Q2 to 2016: Q3. Despite the structural breaks, the application of Gregory and Hansen (1996) and autoregressive distributed lag models demonstrate the existence of a stable short-and long-run relationships between real money balances and their determinants. These empirical findings are having a lot of policy implications in the current monetary policy framework of India—inflation targeting framework.