bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Agrometeorological Data Improve Optical Satellite-Based Estimations of the Herbaceous Yield in Sahelian Semi-Arid Ecosystems?
Authors: Diouf Abdoul , Hiernaux Pierre , Brandt Martin , Faye Gayane , Djaby Bakary , Diop Mouhamadou , Ndione Jacques , Tychon Bernard
Published: August 2016

Quantitative estimates of forage availability at the end of the growing season in rangelands are helpful for pastoral livestock managers and for local, national and regional stakeholders in natural resource management. For this reason, remote sensing data such as the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) have been widely used to assess Sahelian plant productivity for about 40 years. This study combines traditional FAPAR-based assessments with agrometeorological variables computed by the geospatial water balance program, GeoWRSI, using rainfall and potential evapotranspiration satellite gridded data to estimate the annual herbaceous yield in the semi-arid areas of Senegal. It showed that a machine-learning model combining FAPAR seasonal metrics with various agrometeorological data provided better estimations of the in situ annual herbaceous yield (R2 = 0.69; RMSE = 483 kg·DM/ha) than models based exclusively on FAPAR metrics (R2 = 0.63; RMSE = 550 kg·DM/ha) or agrometeorological variables (R2 = 0.55; RMSE = 585 kg·DM/ha). All the models provided reasonable outputs and showed a decrease in the mean annual yield with increasing latitude, together with an increase in relative inter-annual variation. In particular, the additional use of agrometeorological information mitigated the saturation effects that characterize the plant indices of areas with high plant productivity. In addition, the date of the onset of the growing season derived from smoothed FAPAR seasonal dynamics showed no significant relationship (0.05 p-level) with the annual herbaceous yield across the whole studied area. The date of the onset of rainfall however, was significantly related to the herbaceous yield and its inclusion in fodder biomass models could constitute a significant improvement in forecasting risks of a mass herbaceous deficit at an early stage of the year.
Estimation of Prestress Force Distribution in Multi-Strand System of Prestressed Concrete Structures Using Field Data Measured by Electromagnetic Sensor
Authors: Cho Keunhee , Cho Jeong-Rae , Kim Sung , Park Sung , Kim Young-Jin , Park Young-Hwan
Published: August 2016

The recently developed smart strand can be used to measure the prestress force in the prestressed concrete (PSC) structure from the construction stage to the in-service stage. The higher cost of the smart strand compared to the conventional strand renders it unaffordable to replace all the strands by smart strands, and results in the application of only a limited number of smart strands in the PSC structure. However, the prestress forces developed in the strands of the multi-strand system frequently adopted in PSC structures differ from each other, which means that the prestress force in the multi-strand system cannot be obtained by simple proportional scaling using the measurement of the smart strand. Therefore, this study examines the prestress force distribution in the multi-strand system to find the correlation between the prestress force measured by the smart strand and the prestress force distribution in the multi-strand system. To that goal, the prestress force distribution was measured using electromagnetic sensors for various factors of the multi-strand system adopted on site in the fabrication of actual PSC girders. The results verified the possibility to assume normal distribution for the prestress force distribution per anchor head, and a method computing the mean and standard deviation defining the normal distribution is proposed. This paper presents a meaningful finding by proposing an estimation method of the prestress force based upon field-measured data of the prestress force distribution in the multi-strand system of actual PSC structures.
Dynamic Simulation of Urban Expansion Based on Cellular Automata and Logistic Regression Model: Case Study of the Hyrcanian Region of Iran
Authors: Jafari Meisam , Majedi Hamid , Monavari Seyed , Alesheikh Ali , Kheirkhah Zarkesh Mirmasoud
Published: August 2016

The hypothesis addressed in this article is to determine the extent of selected land use categories with respect to their effect on urban expansion. A model that combines a logistic regression model, Markov chain, together with cellular automata based modeling, is introduced here to simulate future urban growth and development in the Gilan Province, Iran. The model is calibrated based on data beginning in 1989 and ending in 2013 and is applied in making predictions for the years 2025 and 2037, across 12 urban development criteria. The relative operating characteristic (ROC) is validated with a very high rate of urban development. The analyzed results indicate that the area of urban land has increased by more than 1.7% that is, from 36,012.5 ha in 1989 to 59,754.8 ha in 2013 and the area of the Caspian Hyrcanian forestland has reduced by 31,628 ha. The simulation results, with respect to prediction, indicate an alarming increase in the rate of urban development in the province by 2025 and 2037 that is, 0.82% and 1.3%, respectively. The development pattern is expected to be uneven and scattered, without following any particular direction. The development will occur close to the existing or newly-formed urban infrastructure and around major roads and commercial areas. If not controlled, this development trend will lead to the loss of 25,101 ha of Hyrcanian forest and, if continued, 21,774 ha of barren and open lands are expected to be destroyed by the year 2037. These results demonstrate the capacity of the integrated model in establishing comparisons with urban plans and their utility to explain both the volume and constraints of urban growth. It is beneficial to apply the integrated approach in urban dynamic assessment through land use modeling with respect to spatio-temporal representation in distinct urban development formats.
Electrically Injected Twin Photon Emitting Lasers at Room Temperature
Authors: Autebert Claire , Maltese Giorgio , Halioua Yacine , Boitier Fabien , Lemaître Aristide , Amanti Maria , Sirtori Carlo , Ducci Sara
Published: August 2016

On-chip generation, manipulation and detection of nonclassical states of light are some of the major issues for quantum information technologies. In this context, the maturity and versatility of semiconductor platforms are important assets towards the realization of ultra-compact devices. In this paper we present our work on the design and study of an electrically injected AlGaAs photon pair source working at room temperature. The device is characterized through its performances as a function of temperature and injected current. Finally we discuss the impact of the device’s properties on the generated quantum state. These results are very promising for the demonstration of electrically injected entangled photon sources at room temperature and let us envision the use of III-V semiconductors for a widespread diffusion of quantum communication technologies.
A Simple Luminescent Adenylate-Cyclase Functional Assay for Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor Activity
Authors: Israeli Ma’ayan , Rotem Shahar , Elia Uri , Bar-Haim Erez , Cohen Ofer , Chitlaru Theodor
Published: August 2016

Edema Factor (EF), the toxic sub-unit of the Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin (ET) is a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase whose detrimental activity in the infected host results in severe edema. EF is therefore a major virulence factor of B. anthracis. We describe a simple, rapid and reliable functional adenylate-cyclase assay based on inhibition of a luciferase-mediated luminescence reaction. The assay exploits the efficient adenylate cyclase-mediated depletion of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), and the strict dependence on ATP of the light-emitting luciferase-catalyzed luciferin-conversion to oxyluciferin, which can be easily visualized. The assay exhibits a robust EF-dose response decrease in luminescence, which may be specifically reverted by anti-EF antibodies. The application of the assay is exemplified in: (a) determining the presence of EF in B. anthracis cultures, or its absence in cultures of EF-defective strains; (b) evaluating the anti-EF humoral response in experimental animals infected/vaccinated with B. anthracis; and (c) rapid discrimination between EF producing and non-producing bacterial colonies. Furthermore, the assay may be amenable with high-throughput screening for EF inhibitory molecules.
Proteomic Interaction Patterns between Human Cyclins, the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Ortholog pUL97 and Additional Cytomegalovirus Proteins
Authors: Steingruber Mirjam , Kraut Alexandra , Socher Eileen , Sticht Heinrich , Reichel Anna , Stamminger Thomas , Amin Bushra , Couté Yohann , Hutterer Corina , Marschall Manfred
Published: August 2016

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) ortholog pUL97 associates with human cyclin B1 and other types of cyclins. Here, the question was addressed whether cyclin interaction of pUL97 and additional viral proteins is detectable by mass spectrometry-based approaches. Proteomic data were validated by coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP), Western blot, in vitro kinase and bioinformatic analyses. Our findings suggest that: (i) pUL97 shows differential affinities to human cyclins; (ii) pUL97 inhibitor maribavir (MBV) disrupts the interaction with cyclin B1, but not with other cyclin types; (iii) cyclin H is identified as a new high-affinity interactor of pUL97 in HCMV-infected cells; (iv) even more viral phosphoproteins, including all known substrates of pUL97, are detectable in the cyclin-associated complexes; and (v) a first functional validation of pUL97-cyclin B1 interaction, analyzed by in vitro kinase assay, points to a cyclin-mediated modulation of pUL97 substrate preference. In addition, our bioinformatic analyses suggest individual, cyclin-specific binding interfaces for pUL97-cyclin interaction, which could explain the different strengths of interactions and the selective inhibitory effect of MBV on pUL97-cyclin B1 interaction. Combined, the detection of cyclin-associated proteins in HCMV-infected cells suggests a complex pattern of substrate phosphorylation and a role of cyclins in the fine-modulation of pUL97 activities.
Ins and Outs of Multipartite Positive-Strand RNA Plant Viruses: Packaging versus Systemic Spread
Authors: Dall’Ara Mattia , Ratti Claudio , Bouzoubaa Salah , Gilmer David
Published: August 2016

Viruses possessing a non-segmented genome require a specific recognition of their nucleic acid to ensure its protection in a capsid. A similar feature exists for viruses having a segmented genome, usually consisting of viral genomic segments joined together into one viral entity. While this appears as a rule for animal viruses, the majority of segmented plant viruses package their genomic segments individually. To ensure a productive infection, all viral particles and thereby all segments have to be present in the same cell. Progression of the virus within the plant requires as well a concerted genome preservation to avoid loss of function. In this review, we will discuss the “life aspects” of chosen phytoviruses and argue for the existence of RNA-RNA interactions that drive the preservation of viral genome integrity while the virus progresses in the plant.
Role of Envelopment in the HEV Life Cycle
Authors: Yin Xin , Li Xinlei , Feng Zongdi
Published: August 2016

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an enterically transmitted hepatotropic virus, was thought to be non-enveloped for decades. However, recent studies have revealed that the virus circulating in the patient’s blood is completely cloaked in host membranes and resistant to neutralizing antibodies. The discovery of this novel enveloped form of HEV has raised a series of questions about the fundamental biology of HEV and the way this virus, which has been understudied in the past, interacts with its host. Here, we review recent advances towards understanding this phenomenon and discuss its potential impact on various aspects of the HEV life cycle and immunity.
Pivotal Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Secreted by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Newborn Rats
Authors: Ahn So Yoon , Chang Yun Sil , Sung Dong Kyung , Sung Se In , Ahn Jee-Yin , Park Won Soon
Published: August 2016

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation protects against neonatal severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)-induced brain injury by a paracrine rather than regenerative mechanism; however, the paracrine factors involved and their roles have not yet been delineated. This study aimed to identify the paracrine mediator(s) and to determine their role in mediating the therapeutic effects of MSCs in severe IVH. We first identified significant upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in MSCs compared with fibroblasts, in both DNA and antibody microarrays, after thrombin exposure. We then knocked down BDNF in MSCs by transfection with small interfering (si)RNA specific for human BDNF. The therapeutic effects of MSCs with or without BDNF knockdown were evaluated in vitro in rat neuronal cells challenged with thrombin, and in vivo in newborn Sprague–Dawley rats by injecting 200 μl of blood on postnatal day 4 (P4), and transplanting MSCs (1 × 105 cells) intraventricularly on P6. siRNA-induced BDNF knockdown abolished the in vitro benefits of MSCs on thrombin-induced neuronal cell death. BDNF knockdown also abolished the in vivo protective effects against severe IVH-induced brain injuries such as the attenuation of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, impaired behavioral test performance, increased astrogliosis, increased number of TUNEL cells, ED-1+ cells, and inflammatory cytokines, and reduced myelin basic protein expression. Our data indicate that BDNF secreted by transplanted MSCs is one of the critical paracrine factors that play a seminal role in attenuating severe IVH-induced brain injuries in newborn rats.
Development and characterization of 29 polymorphic EST‐SSR markers for Stipa purpurea (Poaceae)
Authors: Yin Xin , Yang Yunqiang , Yang Yongping
Published: August 2016

Premise of the study:

Expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were developed using Illumina sequencing for further genetic diversity studies of Stipa purpurea (Poaceae).

Methods and Results:

Twenty‐nine polymorphic and eight monomorphic EST‐SSR loci were developed and characterized in 90 individuals from nine S. purpurea populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 13, and heterozygosity within populations and total heterozygosity ranged from 0.04–0.76 and from 0.04–0.87, respectively. Of 37 loci, 12 showed interspecific transferability and polymorphism in a related species, S. glareosa.

Conclusions:

These newly developed EST‐SSR primers provide a useful tool to investigate genetic diversity at the population level and to analyze the population structure of S. purpurea.
A PHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF FOUR RECENTLY DISCOVERED CONTACT BINARIES: 1SWASP J064501.21+342154.9, 1SWASP J155822.10-025604.8, 1SWASP J212808.86+151622.0, AND UCAC4 436-062932
Authors: Djurašević G. , Essam A. , Latković O. , Cséki A. , El-Sadek M. A. , Abo-Elala M. S. , Hayman Z. M.
Published: August 2016

We present new, high-quality multicolor observations of four recently discovered contact binaries, 1SWASP J064501.21+342154.9, 1SWASP J155822.10-025604.8, 1SWASP J212808.86+151622.0, and UCAC4 436-062932, and analyze their light curves to determine orbital and physical parameters using the modeling program of G. Djurašević. In the absence of spectroscopic observations, the effective temperatures of the brighter components are estimated from the color indices, and the mass ratios are determined with the q-search method. The analysis shows that all four systems are W UMa type binaries in shallow contact configurations, consisting of late-type main-sequence primaries and evolved secondaries with active surface regions (dark or bright spots) resulting from magnetic activity or ongoing transfer of thermal energy between the components. We compare the derived orbital and stellar parameters for these four variables with a large sample of previously analyzed W UMa stars and find that our results fit it well.
MODEL-OBSERVATION COMPARISONS OF ELECTRON NUMBER DENSITIES IN THE COMA OF 67P/CHURYUMOV–GERASIMENKO DURING 2015 JANUARY
Authors: Vigren E. , Altwegg K. , Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A. I. , Galand M. , Henri P. , Johansson F. , Odelstad E. , Tzou C.-Y. , Valliéres X.
Published: August 2016

During 2015 January 9–11, at a heliocentric distance of ∼2.58–2.57 au, the ESA Rosetta spacecraft resided at a cometocentric distance of ∼28 km from the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, sweeping the terminator at northern latitudes of 43°N–58°N. Measurements by the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis/Comet Pressure Sensor (ROSINA/COPS) provided neutral number densities. We have computed modeled electron number densities using the neutral number densities as input into a Field Free Chemistry Free model, assuming H2O dominance and ion-electron pair formation by photoionization only. A good agreement (typically within 25%) is found between the modeled electron number densities and those observed from measurements by the Mutual Impedance Probe (RPC/MIP) and the Langmuir Probe (RPC/LAP), both being subsystems of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium. This indicates that ions along the nucleus-spacecraft line were strongly coupled to the neutrals, moving radially outward with about the same speed. Such a statement, we propose, can be further tested by observations of H3O+/H2O+ number density ratios and associated comparisons with model results.
THE CALIFA AND HIPASS CIRCULAR VELOCITY FUNCTION FOR ALL MORPHOLOGICAL GALAXY TYPES
Authors: Bekeraitė S. , Walcher C. J. , Wisotzki L. , Croton D. J. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Lyubenova M. , Obreschkow D. , Sánchez S. F. , Spekkens K. , Torrey P. , Ven G. van de , Zwaan M. A. , Ascasibar Y. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Delgado R. González , Husemann B. , Marino R. A. , Vogelsberger M. , Ziegler B.
Published: August 2016

The velocity function (VF) is a fundamental observable statistic of the galaxy population that is similar to the luminosity function in importance, but much more difficult to measure. In this work we present the first directly measured circular VF that is representative between 60

320 km s−1 for galaxies of all morphological types at a given rotation velocity. For the low-mass galaxy population (60

170 km s−1), we use the HI Parkes All Sky Survey VF. For the massive galaxy population (170

320 km s−1), we use stellar circular velocities from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA). In earlier work we obtained the measurements of circular velocity at the 80% light radius for 226 galaxies and demonstrated that the CALIFA sample can produce volume-corrected galaxy distribution functions. The CALIFA VF includes homogeneous velocity measurements of both late and early-type rotation-supported galaxies and has the crucial advantage of not missing gas-poor massive ellipticals that HI surveys are blind to. We show that both VFs can be combined in a seamless manner, as their ranges of validity overlap. The resulting observed VF is compared to VFs derived from cosmological simulations of the

0 galaxy population. We find that dark-matter-only simulations show a strong mismatch with the observed VF. Hydrodynamic simulations fare better, but still do not fully reproduce observations.
Mudança estrutural no setor cotonicultor brasileiro: Uma análise da territorialização no cerrado brasileiro e do impacto do contencioso do algodão
Authors: Barchet Isabela , Rocha Alberto Alves da , Dal Pai Camili
Published: August 2016

Este estudo objetivou discutir a nova territorialização da produção do algodão brasileiro, a partir do colapso na década de 1990, por meio técnico-científico-informacional e investigar uma possível mudança estrutural no setor após 2002, principalmente em decorrência da ação movida pelo Brasil na OMC, denominada contencioso do algodão, contra os subsídios adotados pelos EUA na produção dessa commodity. Para abonar tais resultados, utilizou-se o teste de Chow de forma a verificar a mudança estrutural na quantidade produzida e no volume exportado de algodão brasileiro, tendo como hipótese a identificação do ano em que ocorreu tal ruptura institucional. Dentro desse contexto, evidenciou-se a mudança de estrutura, principalmente no volume exportado de algodão, desde o ano em questão e uma reorganização do espaço produtivo na formação de um novo território construído para a cotonicultura brasileira.
Ensino de engenharia e inovação tecnológica: como estimular a capacidade de inovar?
Authors: Pereira Vagner Ricardo de Araujo , Hayashi Carlos Roberto Massao , Ferrari Junior Roberto
Published: August 2016

Inovação tecnológica é um tema que ocupa lugar de destaque no mundo atual, entretanto, é pouco debatido entre estudantes de engenharia. Um estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Na pesquisa as palavras chave “empreendedorismo”, “inovação”, “ensino” e “engenharia” foram cruzadas para responder a seguinte questão: como promover a capacidade de inovar? Os resultados indicam que a solução não é simples, tanto para romper com a metodologia tradicional como criar estratégias de ensino que aproximem a sala de aula da realidade do mundo dos negócios. Este artigo aponta algumas estratégias: o conhecimento da realidade das empresas inovadoras pelo mundo acadêmico, estímulo ao trabalho em equipes multidisciplinares, valorização profissional com ênfase no futuro, visão crítica e ampliada da dinâmica social. Nesse sentido, o campo de estudos CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade) pode oferecer importantes contribuições.
Incidence and Epidemiology of Patellar Fractures
Authors: Larsen Peter , Court-Brown Charles M. , Vedel Julie Odgaard , Vistrup Sabina , Elsoe Rasmus
Published: August 2016

The literature lacks large-scale, up-to-date, population-based epidemiology studies on the incidence of patellar fractures based on complete populations. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date information concerning the incidence of patellar fractures in a large and complete population spanning a decade and to report on the distribution of fracture classification, trauma mechanisms, and patient baseline demographics. A retrospective review of clinical and radiological records of 756 patellar fractures treated between 2005 and 2014 was conducted. Mean age at the time of fracture was 54±21 years. Mean age was 46±22 years for males and 61±18 years for females. The sex distribution was 425 (56%) females and 331 (44%) males. The incidence of patellar fractures between 2005 and 2014 was 13.1/100,000/ year with a year-to-year variation between 10.5 and 16.5/100,000/year during the 10-year observation period. The distribution of incidence shows an increase with increasing age. Males have the highest incidence of fracture in the 10-to-19-year age group, approximately 15.4/100,000/year. Females in the 60-to-80-year age group have the highest incidence, approximately 36/100,000/year. AO type 34-C3 was the most common fracture type, representing 25% of all patellar fractures, followed by AO type 34-C1, representing 23%. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1154–e1158.]
Strabismus in Adults Older Than 60 Years
Authors: EL-Sahn Mahmoud F. , Granet David B. , Marvasti Amir , Roa Adele , Kinori Michael
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiology of adult strabismus, its etiology, and treatment methods in patients 60 years and older presenting to a tertiary care center.

Methods:

This retrospective chart review study of patients with strabismus was performed at the Ratner Eye Center, University of California–San Diego. Data collected included demographics, etiology of misalignment, alignment in the primary position, binocularity, previous surgical intervention, and treatment methods.

Results:

A total of 291 patients were included. The majority of patients (87.9%) had an acquired underlying etiology of misalignment (neurological, non-neurological, thyroid eye disease, or myotoxic). The most common presenting complaint was diplopia (77%). A total of 38.8% of patients had previous strabismus surgery. Surgical interventions were pursued in 32% of patients.

Conclusions:

This article provides insight into the epidemiology of strabismus in patients older than 60 years. The characterization and greater understanding of strabismus in this age group can be used to enhance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(6):365–368.]
Iglesia en Montevideo. Templo parroquial de Atlántida
Authors: Dieste Eladio
Published: August 2016

Esta iglesia será templo parroquial de una vasta zona rural situada 50 km al E. de Montevideo, rodeándola un modesto agrupamiento de obreros y campesinos.
La Concha Shell
Authors: Levy Matthys P. , Parnes Raymond
Published: August 2016

La estructura de hormigón armado que cubre el club en el hotel La Concha, de San Juan de Puerto Rico, tiene forma de concha ondulada elipsoidal. Se ha situado en un estanque poco profundo, del que emerge como si hubiese venido del océano que tiene delante.
El Pulpo. Caracas
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: August 2016

El estrecho valle donde el conquistador Diego de Losada fundó a Caracas, contenía hasta hace poco una población de 150.000 habitantes. Ni las distancias ni el tiempo preocupaban a los moradores. El peatón era todavía el dueño de la ciudad. Vivía cerca de su trabajo. Su traslado no se transformaba, como hoy, en pérdida de tiempo y gastos de energías.
Supermercado, en Madrid
Authors: Lamela Antonio
Published: August 2016

Se trata de una reforma parcial de un edificio existente, que estuvo destinado a viviendas y locales comerciales, en los que se encontraba situado el antiguo y famoso café de San Isidro. Este edificio consta, y constaba, de una planta de sótano, y seis plantas sobre nivel de calle. De ellas han sido objeto de total reforma las plantas de sótano, baja y primera, para la instalación de un comercio, por el nuevo sistema de "autoservicio".
Reparación de firmes de hormigón por inyección
Authors: Rocci Sandro
Published: August 2016

Uno de los reproches que con más frecuencia se han formulado a los firmes de hormigón ha sido el de su difícil reparación en caso de avería, en contraste con el fácil y rápido "parcheado" que permiten los firmes flexibles. Esta facilidad depende tanto de su comportamiento estructural (en el firme flexible sólo trabaja la porción del mismo directamente afectada por las cargas) como de las propiedades adhesivas de los materiales empleados, de tipo bituminoso. Estas circunstancias no concurren generalmente en los firmes rígidos de hormigón; por lo que el único remedio eficaz en caso de avería era la reconstrucción total de las losas afectadas previa su demolición. Esto es fundamentalmente antieconómico, salvo casos especiales.
Nueva Facultad de Medicina. Lausana
Authors: Piccard Marc
Published: August 2016

En Lausana, la expresión "Escuela de Medicina" comprende un conjunto arquitectónico dividido en dos institutos: Instituto de Anatomía, por un lado, e Instituto de Histología y Embriología, por otro.
Embajada de U. S. A., Karachi (Pakistán)
Authors: Neutra Richard J.
Published: August 2016

Pakistán, un país con más de 90.000.000 de habitantes y en constante crecimiento, es una de las naciones más grandes del mundo. Se halla estratégicamente situado entre el Oriente Medio, el Sur de Asia y el centro de Asia. Ha sido uno de los aliados más firmes de los Estados Unidos y tiene importancia suficiente para desempeñar un papel importante en el concierto de las naciones. Richard Neutra fue consultado, primeramente, y más tarde, contratado con todo su equipo, Neutra y Alexander e ingenieros asociados, para estudiar y realizar la Embajada de los EE. UU. en Karachi.
Hospital Princesa Margarita
Authors: Powell y Moya Aquitectos
Published: August 2016

El amplio programa desarrollado en este grande e importante Centro sanitario, abarcó tres fases de construcción, al final de las cuales se consiguió el Hospital General, capaz para 600 camas. En la primera parte se construyeron los siguientes departamentos: Enfermos del exterior, Accidentes, Medicina Física, Patología, Rayos X, y el primero de los cuatro núcleos quirúrgicos.
Edificio Mixto, Ginebra
Authors: Bussat P. , Lamuniere J. M.
Published: August 2016

Se trata de un edificio doble, cuyos pisos superiores están reservados para viviendas particulares, el entresuelo para locales administrativos y la planta baja para almacenes y otros locales comerciales.
Paraboloide, en Salamanca
Authors: Navarro Gutiérrez Julián
Published: August 2016

Junto a la Aduana de Fuentes de Oñoro, en tierras salmantinas, se ha construido una cubierta laminar, tipo membrana, en forma de paraboloide hiperbólico de planta rectangular, sustentada por un pilar único central, y que está destinada a servir de protección a la zona de abastecimiento de una estación de servicio.
Cálculo elemental de láminas en paraboloide hiperbólico
Authors: Parme A. L.
Published: August 2016

El rápido aumento del interés en una de las más modernas formas constructivas de cubiertas laminares — el paraboloide hiperbólico— se debe fundamentalmente a su económica forma de utilizar los materiales de construcción, a la sencillez de su comportamiento estructural y a su belleza intrínseca.
Pabellón Langelinie, Copenhague
Authors: Koppel Eva , Koppel Nils
Published: August 2016

Está situado este elegante edificio en el paseo que bordea el mar, entre el puerto de Copenhague y los bastiones y restos perfectamente conservados de antiguas fortificaciones de la ciudad. Hay un acusado contraste de bello estilo, entre las macizas murallas pardas, la verde fronda circundante y la traza sencilla y diáfana del pabellón, que refleja en el agua su fisonomía abierta y alegre. El edificio comprende un amplio restaurante y es, asimismo, la sede del Real Club Náutico Danés.
Nuevo hangar para la Transair Limited
Authors: Pascall Clive , Watson Peter , Harris A. J. , Harris J. D.
Published: August 2016

En la parte reservada para servicios del aeródromo de Gatwick (Inglaterra) se ha construido el primer hangar de esta zona, que se destina a los servicios de la Transair Limited. El hangar tiene 86 x 34 m en planta y una altura exterior de 12,50, de los que quedan 9,10 m de altura libre interior. En su alrededor se han edificado, complementariamente, talleres, oficinas y depósitos, cuyo conjunto constituye la base de operaciones de la Transair Limited.
Utilización del hormigón pretensado en los viaductos urbanos
Authors: Fernández Casado Carlos
Published: August 2016

En la morfología de los puentes, el viaducto urbano es el último tipo que se ha actualizado para aliviar la congestión del tráfico en el recinto limitado de la ciudad o de sus suburbios y resuelto adecuadamente gracias a las posibilidades del hormigón pretensado.
El puente Kerisper
Authors: Breffeil R.
Published: August 2016

Esta obra, situada en Bretaña (Francia), es una de las distintas que en esta zona se han construido con objeto de salvar los estuarios y reducir las distancias de los trazados de carreteras que siguen el borde del mar. El puente se ha ubicado en el Morbihan, en la desembocadura del río Crach y en las proximidades de Trinité sur Mer, donde el tráfico por carretera aumenta constantemente. La construcción del puente acorta 17 kilómetros la distancia de los 2.500 vehículos por hora que durante el verano circulan por esta carretera de orden nacional.
Notas sobre una escuela circular prefabricada
Authors: Neutra Richard J.
Published: August 2016

En 1930, la idea de una planta circular para escuela, abarcando un espacio exterior frente a un edificio de usos varios, era ya antigua por lo menos en diez años. El Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York, que por aquellos tiempos instaló y preparó en sus nuevas dependencias la primera exposición masiva de Arquitectura moderna, dispuso una magnífica maqueta de este proyecto de Richard J. Neutra.
Villa Planchart, Caracas
Authors: Ponti Gio
Published: August 2016

La casa está dedicada a Anala y Armando Planchart y se ha construido en la cima de un cerro, desde el cual se divisa el magnífico panorama de la ciudad, suave y graciosa, contrastando con el fondo bravío de la cadena montañosa de Ávila. El edificio se ha realizado con un concepto fundamental, especial y autoiluminado, es un juego de espacios, superficies y volúmenes, que se ofrecen, con aspectos diversos, ante aquel que penetra en e l la; es como una gigantesca escultura, no precisamente para ser vista desde fuera, sino para ser observada y admirada desde dentro, recorriéndolo detenidamente; está proyectada y realizada para ser observada girando continuamente los ojos.
La presa de Tungabhadra
Authors: Sarwal S.
Published: August 2016

Bajo el plan general de aprovechamientos de las aguas de los grandes ríos y sus afluentes en la India, se ha incluido en él la presa de Tungabhadra, situada en la península meridional del país, regada por el río Krishna y su afluente el Tungabhadra. En esta región el régimen de lluvias es muy irregular y de poca intensidad, y, por consiguiente, da lugar a grandes sequías y períodos de desolación. Por todos estos motivos, y el impulso económico que con tanto empeño muestra el país, se ha dado prioridad en el referido plan a la realización de este vasto proyecto. Este proyecto tiene su origen en 1861, pero su ejecución empezó en 1945. La presa se halla a unos 5 km de Hospet, en el distrito de Bellary. El río que se aprovecha tiene un curso de 640 km y una cuenca de gran extensión superficial.
Iglesia parroquial de Moriondo
Authors: Mosso Nicola
Published: August 2016

La población actual de Moriondo de Moncalieri consta de unas 900 almas, y desde el punto de vista urbanístico es lógico considerar que dicha unidad sea doblada en los próximos cincuenta años. Esta previsión queda perfectamente justificada si se tiene presente que el antiguo poblado —eminentemente rural y situado en el límite oriental del complejo comunal— tiende a extenderse hacia poniente con núcleos constructivos de carácter residencial.
Capilla de la Universidad de Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Pace George G.
Published: August 2016

Ibadan fue elegido como lugar adecuado para el emplazamiento de la Universidad por el Comité Elliott, y se dispuso de un solar ocupado por vegetación salvaje. El proyecto inicial no incluía la construcción de capillas, si bien más tarde se acordó la disposición de tres: una Capilla de la Universidad para uso de todas las religiones, a excepción de la católica y la musulmana, que disponen de la suya propia.
Una solución directa para las cubiertas de hormigón en placa plegada
Authors: Parme A. L. L. , Sbarounis John A.
Published: August 2016

En los últimos años, debido a la comprobada economía de las construcciones en placa plegada, en la literatura americana han aparecido algunos notables artículos sobre este tema. En general, las fórmulas y ecuaciones presentadas en ellos tienen la base común de dividir el funcionamiento resistente de una placa plegada en dos acciones interdependientes, una transversal y otra longitudinal. Se establece el equilibrio de fuerzas en dirección transversal, suponiendo que unas cintas transversales genéricas están apoyadas en los puntos de unión de las placas sobre unos soportes rígidos o flexibles. La reacción que resulta de esta hipótesis se descompone en fuerzas paralelas a la placa, que, entonces, resiste estas solicitaciones como viga longitudinal. Así, pues, el problema de la placa plegada se reduce a procedimientos familiares para la mayor parte de los ingenieros, y, desde este punto de vista, el análisis es perfectamente satisfactorio.
Viaducto en esviaje
Authors: De Bullock Carlos
Published: August 2016

En Denver, departamento de Colorado, se ha construido un viaducto, de 318 m de longitud, que pasa sobre el Bulevar Vasquez, y una línea de ferrocarril cuyo eje, en planta, tiene la forma de una curva espiral.
Carson's Chocolates, Ltd
Authors: Arquitectos Angus Mcdonald & Partners
Published: August 2016

No disponible
i2Flex and the Community of Inquiry Framework
Authors: Fyrigou Antonia
Published: August 2016

In this chapter the goal is to describe my implementation of the i2Flex in two consecutive academic years in an attempt to meet more effectively the educational needs of the new generation students. Starting with the description of the i2Flex methodology in an IB French class as a member of the pilot i2Flex faculty at ACS Athens, I will present the instructional (re-)design of my Moodle shell to reflect the new teaching methodology, and the need to evaluate this pilot year via an appropriate framework. Then, I will describe the same class in the second year, from how i2Flex was at this point implemented to how it was evaluated and what data was collected from the students. Finally, the goal is to share under the umbrella of best practices how meaningful and efficient the i2Flex is, taking in consideration the new role of the teacher in and out of class and its unique potential for student learning.
Practical Guidelines for Creating Online Courses in K-12 Education
Authors: Journell Wayne
Published: August 2016

Online learning is the future of K-12 education. However, few online K-12 instructors have been formally trained in online pedagogy. This chapter describes best practices in creating online courses for K-12 students. Many aspects of online learning are the same regardless of the age of the students taking the courses, but adolescents often experience online instruction differently than university students or adult learners. Although far from comprehensive, this chapter describes basic guidelines and offers recommendations for K-12 educators wishing to create engaging online learning opportunities for their students.
Presence and Perceived Learning in Different Higher Education Blended Learning Environments
Authors: Khodabandelou Rouhollah , Jalil Habibah Ab , Ali Wan Zah Wan , Daud Shaffe Mohd
Published: August 2016

Blended learning as “third generation” of distance learning has the potential to offer multimethod instruction through the blend, to leverage the strengths of current online and traditional instructions. Therefore, higher education institutions having recognized the fact that blended learning is beneficial, adopted this alternative approach as a new educational delivery method. The study determined the difference in perceived learning among three different blended learning environments in Malaysian higher education institutions. The data were collected from three public universities in Peninsular Malaysia and the respondents were undergraduate students from these universities. The result showed that the students' presence in classroom meetings contributes to their learning. The results also indicate that high levels of perceived learning were reported by undergraduate student in the blended learning environment face-to-face meeting rather than online sessions.
Web-Based Technologies for Ensuring Interaction in Online Courses
Authors: Morris Olivia P.
Published: August 2016

This chapter discusses findings from a study of five faculty and 33 students from micro- and macroeconomics sections of online economics courses over the course of a semester. The study investigated faculty choice of web-based technologies for interaction and students' perceptions of such technologies. The objectives of the study were twofold. First, the author investigated faculty choice of web-based technologies for three major types of online interactions (learner–instructor, learner–content, and learner–learner). Second, the author examined student perceptions of technologies and recorded recommendations. Results from two online surveys of faculty and students at 2- and 4-year colleges showed strong agreement with perceptions of Moore, Drouin, Rhode, and Gardner. Faculty and students reported learner–learner interactions as the least important of the three interaction types. Although the discussion board was most effective for all three types of interactions, students from this sample did not prefer more learner–learner discussions.
Urban Games
Authors: Vieira Liliana , Coutinho Clara
Published: August 2016

Mobile technologies are increasingly rooted in society and, therefore, intuitively, teachers begin to take advantage of devices that students carry with them daily in a logic of 1:1 bring your own device (BYOD). In fact, it becomes crucial to use this media to promote/increase new pedagogical activities to motivate and challenge students to acquire and discover knowledge. This was the inspiration to create the MobiGeo, an Urban Game, for Geography teaching. The research question that guided the project was to understand whether the implementation of MobiGeo influence the process of learning geography in an outdoor education context. Data obtained allow the researchers to conclude that Urban Games are potential agents of motivation and interaction that predispose students to learn geography in informal learning environments. So, they suggest that the roles of teacher and student should not be abandoned but recycled and adapted to this new reality that requires more personalized and diverse activities of learning.
The Perception of Faculty Members on Hybrid Learning
Authors: Abdelrahman Nahed , Irby Beverly J.
Published: August 2016

In this chapter, the authors examine the perceptions of faculty using online and hybrid platforms in teaching. Hybrid/blended is a method in which faculty members use both online and face-to-face simultaneously. The study examined how faculty participants defined hybrid learning. In addition, researchers examined what the participants' thought of hybrid and online learning as vehicles for higher education advancement as well as strategies to attract more students to higher education. The main objective of this study is developing an analytical overview of one of the learning approaches such as hybrid and its effect on the learning process in the higher education. Ten faculty members were interviewed in order to achieve this objective. The results revealed that faculty members have multiple definitions of hybrid as it is not only teaching using face-to-face and online platforms but rather it is a way both teachers and students can meet their teaching and learning needs.
A Challenge for the Flipped Classroom
Authors: Carpenter Russell G. , Sweet Charlie , Blythe Hal , Winter Rachel , Bunnell Adam
Published: August 2016

Many institutions across the United States and internationally have adopted the flipped classroom pedagogical model for its potential to enhance learning and retention by creating interactive classroom environments. While the flipped model has plenty of promise, the technology involved—including access to online videos, readings, and other materials—can be problematic for students on campuses in rural settings. Furthermore, traditional classrooms designed for lecture also inhibit student mobility and flexibility, which complicates the implementation of flipped models. The authors examine the challenges faced by those attempting to incorporate flipped strategies when electronic spaces are intended to supplement physical ones.
To Be or Not to Be Successful?
Authors: Llorente Ana María Pinto , Gómez María Cruz Sánchez , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: August 2016

The increase of blended learning education has been identified as an important goal in improving teaching-learning technological models. However, when considering this development it becomes essential to take into account the potential characteristics that students must have to be successful in this kind of education. This study is based on this human aspect. Thus, the authors have focused on learners and the fundamental qualities that they must have to study English via a hypermedia modular model and get their goals. Based on the results of this research the authors can indicate that characteristics like reasonable computer skills, ability to work both individually and in groups, capability of being organized and tenacious in their learning, a high level of academic maturity and a reasonable competence in English that allows them to be autonomous in their learning are essential features to be successful in this type of education.
Flying SOLO for Student Success
Authors: Mitchell Regina L. Garza , Cano-Monreal Gina L.
Published: August 2016

This chapter describes how one innovative practice evolved to become an integral part of the college's efforts to increase student preparedness and success in courses so that they will be employable and competitive in the global workforce. Texas State Technical College Harlingen aimed to enhance student success in online education through implementing a mandatory class, Student Online Learning Orientation, for new online students. The course was developed as the result of faculty research and recommendations regarding online learning at the college. The majority of students at the college are underprepared and from low socioeconomic backgrounds, putting them at a disadvantage in taking these courses. Rather than a barrier to taking online classes, the goal of this class is to provide students with the necessary tools and skills to be successful. Results of the program show an increase in persistence and completion of online courses, and the course has become an integral part of the college's training and first-year experience for all students.
Net Generation Features that Enhance Mobile Learning
Authors: Moctezuma María Soledad Padrón , Ochoa Miguel Angel Vasquez , Ramírez María Soledad Montoya
Published: August 2016

This chapter presents the results of research that aims to analyze the characteristics of the youth of the Net Generation that can promote learning when using mobile devices. The study was conducted in two campuses of a Mexican university in order to provide useful information for those who work with Mobile Learning. The results showed that characteristics such as communication, teamwork, decision making, positive attitudes towards technology, self-learning and collaborative work of the young Net are the ones that can be predominantly exploited to promote learning when developing Mobile Learning resources to be fully used by students with wireless mobile devices applications.
Teacher Preparation Programs and Learner-Centered, Technology-Integrated Instruction
Authors: Estes Judi Simmons
Published: August 2016

Integrating technology with instruction using a learner-centered pedagogy, enhances student engagement with learning. Effective technology-integrated instruction involves providing high-quality lesson design, with opportunities for inquiry-based learning, while building a community of learners within a technology-rich classroom (e-MINTS, 2016). For first-year teachers to enter a PK-12 classroom with the knowledge, skills, experiences, and resulting self-efficacy to implement technology-integrated instruction, they must have experienced modeling from teacher preparation faculty and a course of study with relevant experiences (Zhao, 2007). This chapter examines four components of effective technology-integrated, learner-centered instruction as well as the influential role of teacher preparation programs in providing a model and experiences for teacher candidates.