bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of dementia and caregiving-related internet resources by informal caregivers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Teles Soraia , Paúl Constança , Costa-Santos Cristina , Ferreira Ana
Published: September 2022

Informal dementia caregivers are at greater risk of experiencing physical and mental health issues as compared to the general population. Internet-based resources may provide accessible opportunities to backing informal dementia caregivers by addressing their information and support needs. This cross-sectional study aims to characterize the use of dementia and caregiving-related internet resources by caregivers and identify variables associated with such use. Primary data were collected through a web-based survey (N= 158). Linear regression models were used to assess the associations of predisposing, enabling, and need variables with the frequency of using the internet for caregiving-related purposes. Most caregivers (93%) have ever used the internet to gather general information about dementia. The frequency of using internet resources was, however, moderate. The multivariable linear regression model suggests that being younger (β = −0.110,p= 0.009), not having a source of support to provide care (β = −2.554,p= 0.012), having used a face-to-face psychosocial intervention at some point (β = 2.731,p= 0.003), being employed (β = 2.558,p= 0.013), and appraising one's own physical health negatively (vs. appraising it as similar; β = 3.591,p< 0.001), are associated with a higher frequency of using caregiving-related internet resources. Our findings confirmed the association of age and perceived health status with caregiving-related internet use reported in other studies. The role of enabling variables as lifetime access to psychosocial interventions and having a usual source of support to provide care was a new addition. This study informs the design and deployment of information and support to dementia caregivers.
The transcriptome profile of RPE cells by the fullerenol against hydrogen peroxide stress
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , Yao Fuwen , Xu Jing-Ying , Chen Jiao , Lu Ying , Li Wei , Deng Jing , Mou Lisha , Zhang Qingling , Pu Zuihui
Published: September 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes central vision impairment with increased incidence. In the pathogenesis of AMD, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with RPE cell apoptosis. H2O2 is an oxidative toxicant and is used to establish the AMD in vitro model. However, the mechanisms of ROS in H2O2-induced AMD are still unclear. Fullerenol, a promising antioxidant of nanomaterials, protects RPE cells from ROS attack. In addition to working as a scavenger, little is known about the antioxidant mechanism of fullerenol in RPE cells. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed to examine the global changes in mRNA transcripts induced by H2O2 in human ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, we comprehensively investigated the protective effects of fullerenol against H2O2-induced oxidative injury by RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that those pathways related to the release of positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription and negative regulation of apoptotic process were affected. Finally, we found that 12 hub genes were related to the oxidative-protection function of fullerenol. In summary, H2O2 affected these hub genes and signaling pathways to regulate the senescence of RPE cells. Moreover, fullerenol is a potent nanomaterial that protects the RPE and would be a promising approach for AMD prevention.
Acoustocerebrography in septic patients: A randomized and controlled pilot study
Authors: Sauer Martin , Sievert Anika , Wrobel Miroslaw , Schmude Paul , Richter Georg
Published: September 2022

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common organ dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and leads to higher mortality and longer hospital stay. The diagnosis remains an exclusion process; none of the available measurements are specific for SAE. The aim of the presented prospective and controlled clinical study was to evaluate the possible role of molecular acoustics in determining acute brain injury in septic patients using an acoustocerebrography (ACG) system. ACG is a multifrequency, transcranial ultrasound method that measures the attenuation and time of flight to detect changes in the brain tissue. After approval from the local research ethics committee (of the University Hospital of Rostock: Reg. No.: A 2016-0026), 20 patients were included in two study groups: septic shock group (SG) and control group (CG; postoperative nonseptic patients). All patients were screened several times with the ACG on different days. Blood parameters of organ function, sepsis-related organ failure assessment score, and delirium scores [Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC)] were obtained as well. A neurologist examined all patients at inclusion. Predictive analysis was done using a data-driven statistical method and by deriving a parameter from the ACG data. The study was registered under “clinicaltrials.gov” (Reg. No.: NCT03173196). All patients in the SG were CAM-ICU-positive at inclusion (ICDSC: in mean 4.0) and had clinical signs of SAE. In contrast, all patients in the CG were CAM-ICU-negative, with an ICDSC score of 0. Predictive analysis using the ACG data presented an accuracy of 83.4% with a specificity of 89.0% and a sensitivity of 75.1%. The ACG method may be helpful for the monitoring and diagnosing acute brain injury; however, the results of this first report should be verified by further clinical studies. Further investigations should include long-established instruments of SAE diagnosis, e.g., electroencephalography, MRI, and biomarkers, to compare the results with the ACG measurements.
Recent advances in biofabricated gut models to understand the gut-brain axis in neurological diseases
Authors: Han Hohyeon , Jang Jinah
Published: September 2022

Increasing evidence has accumulated that gut microbiome dysbiosis could be linked to neurological diseases, including both neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. With the high prevalence of neurological diseases, there is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms between the microbiome, gut, and brain. However, the standardized animal models for these studies have critical disadvantages for their translation into clinical application, such as limited physiological relevance due to interspecies differences and difficulty interpreting causality from complex systemic interactions. Therefore, alternative in vitro gut–brain axis models are highly required to understand their related pathophysiology and set novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we outline state-of-the-art biofabrication technologies for modeling in vitro human intestines. Existing 3D gut models are categorized according to their topographical and anatomical similarities to the native gut. In addition, we deliberate future research directions to develop more functional in vitro intestinal models to study the gut–brain axis in neurological diseases rather than simply recreating the morphology.
Unexpected diversity found within benthic microbial mats at hydrothermal springs in Crater Lake, Oregon
Authors: Stromecki Amanda , Murray Laura , Fullerton Heather , Moyer Craig L.
Published: September 2022

Crater Lake, Oregon is an oligotrophic freshwater caldera lake fed by thermally and chemically enriched hydrothermal springs. These vents distinguish Crater Lake from other freshwater systems and provide a unique ecosystem for study. This study examines the community structure of benthic microbial mats occurring with Crater Lake hydrothermal springs. Small subunit rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from eight bacterial mats was used to assess community structure. These revealed a relatively homogeneous, yet diverse bacterial community. High alpha diversity and low beta diversity indicate that these communities are likely fueled by homogeneous hydrothermal fluids. An examination of autotrophic taxa abundance indicates the potential importance of iron and sulfur inputs to the primary productivity of these mats. Chemoautotrophic potential within the mats was dominated by iron oxidation from Gallionella and Mariprofundus and by sulfur oxidation from Sulfuricurvum and Thiobacillus with an additional contribution of nitrite oxidation from Nitrospira. Metagenomic analysis showed that cbbM genes were identified as Gallionella and that aclB genes were identified as Nitrospira, further supporting these taxa as autotrophic drivers of the community. The detection of several taxa containing arsC and nirK genes suggests that arsenic detoxification and denitrification processes are likely co-occurring in addition to at least two modes of carbon fixation. These data link the importance of the detected autotrophic metabolisms driven by fluids derived from benthic hydrothermal springs to Crater Lake’s entire lentic ecosystem.
Prevalence and risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales positivity by active screening in intensive care units in the Henan Province of China: A multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Guo Bo , Guo Ziqi , Zhang Huifeng , Shi Chuanchuan , Qin Bingyu , Wang Shanmei , Chang Yinjiang , Chen Jian , Chen Peili , Guo Limin , Guo Weidong , Han Huaibin , Han Lihong , Hu Yandong , Jin Xiaoye , Li Yening , Liu Hong , Lou Ping , Lu Yibing , Ma Panfeng , Shan Yanhua , Sun Yiyi , Zhang Wukui , Zheng Xisheng , Shao Huanzhang
Published: September 2022

Objective

In intensive care units (ICUs), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a significant threat. We aimed to examine the distribution, epidemiological characteristics, and risk factors for CRE positivity in ICUs.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 96 ICUs of 78 hospitals in Henan Province, China. The clinical and microbiological data were collected. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for CRE positivity.

Results

A total of 1,009 patients were enrolled. There was a significant difference in CRE positive rate between pharyngeal and anal swabs (15.16 vs. 19.13%, P < 0.001). A total of 297 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN), 22 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CR-ECO), 6 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CR-ECL), 19 CR-KPN/CR-ECO, and 2 CR-KPN/CR-ECL were detected. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), and a combination of KPC and NDM were detected in 150, 9, and 11 swab samples, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined length of ICU stay, chronic neurological disease, transfer from other hospitals, previous infection, and history of antibiotics exposure as independent risk factors for CRE positivity. Age and cardiovascular diseases were independent risk factors for mixed infections of CRE. The occurrence of CRE in secondary and tertiary hospitals was 15.06 and 25.62%, respectively (P < 0.05). Patients from tertiary hospitals had different clinical features compared with those from secondary hospitals, including longer hospital stays, a higher rate of patients transferred from other hospitals, receiving renal replacement therapy, exposure to immunosuppressive drugs, use of antibiotics, and a higher rate of the previous infection.

Conclusion

In ICUs in Henan Province, CRE positive rate was very high, mostly KPC-type CR-KPN. Patients with prolonged ICU stay, chronic neurological disease, transfer from other hospitals, previous infection, and history of antibiotic exposure are prone to CRE. Age and cardiovascular diseases are susceptibility factors for mixed infections of CRE. The CRE positive rate in tertiary hospitals was higher than that in secondary hospitals, which may be related to the source of patients, antibiotic exposure, disease severity, and previous infection.
Bacterioplankton seasonality in deep high-mountain lakes
Authors: Zufiaurre Aitziber , Felip Marisol , Camarero Lluís , Sala-Faig Marc , Juhanson Jaanis , Bonilla-Rosso German , Hallin Sara , Catalan Jordi
Published: September 2022

Due to global warming, shorter ice cover duration might drastically affect the ecology of lakes currently undergoing seasonal surface freezing. High-mountain lakes show snow-rich ice covers that determine contrasting conditions between ice-off and ice-on periods. We characterized the bacterioplankton seasonality in a deep high-mountain lake ice-covered for half a year. The lake shows a rich core bacterioplankton community consisting of three components: (i) an assemblage stable throughout the year, dominated by Actinobacteria, resistant to all environmental conditions; (ii) an ice-on-resilient assemblage dominating during the ice-covered period, which is more diverse than the other components and includes a high abundance of Verrucomicrobia; the deep hypolimnion constitutes a refuge for many of the typical under-ice taxa, many of which recover quickly during autumn mixing; and (iii) an ice-off-resilient assemblage, which members peak in summer in epilimnetic waters when the rest decline, characterized by a dominance of Flavobacterium, and Limnohabitans. The rich core community and low random elements compared to other relatively small cold lakes can be attributed to its simple hydrological network in a poorly-vegetated catchment, the long water-residence time (ca. 4 years), and the long ice-cover duration; features common to many headwater deep high-mountain lakes.
The effects of fermented pineapple residue on growth performance, meat quality, and rumen microbiota of fattening Simmental bull
Authors: Deng Ming , Xiao Zupeng , Liu Guangbin , Sun Baoli , Guo Yongqing , Zou Xian , Liu Dewu , Yang Zhenwei , Li Yaokun
Published: September 2022

In this study, silage Pennisetum sinese Roxb-based diet was replaced with fermented pineapple residue (FPR) at the replacement ratio of 0% (CON), 25% (T25), and 50% (T50) in fattening Simmental bulls for 30 days to evaluate the effects of FPR on growth performance, serum indexes, and ruminal characteristics. A total of 30 Simmental bulls (546 ± 44 kg initial BW) were allocated to three groups according to a completely randomized design. On day 30, the slaughter performance and meat quality were determined. Rumen fluids were collected for analyzing the rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota composition on day 30. The results showed that the average daily weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of FPR rose. Within treatments, the T25 group reached more profit (5.34 RMB per day per bull) than CON while T50 was 3.69. The content of crude fat, cysteine, and proline in the muscle of T50 increased significantly (P < 0.05). The amounts of tyrosine, proline, and phenylalanine were significantly increased in the T25 (P < 0.05). The beta diversity analysis showed significant differences among the rumen bacterial flora of each group (P < 0.05). In the T25 group, the relative abundance of Spirochaetes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_RM44 was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Thus, FPR could improve the growth performance, economic benefits, and meat quality without adverse effects on ruminal characteristics.
pH mediated assemblage of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur related microbial communities in petroleum reservoirs
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xue Sheng
Published: September 2022

Microorganisms are the core drivers of biogeochemistry processes in petroleum reservoirs and have been widely used to enhance petroleum recovery. However, systematic information about the microbial communities related to the C-N-S cycle in petroleum reservoirs under different pH conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, 16S rRNA gene data from 133 petroleum samples were collected, and 756 C-N-S related genera were detected. The Chao1 richness and Shannon diversity indices for the C-N-S-related microbial communities showed significant differences among different pH conditions and at the lowest levels in acidic conditions with pH values of 4.5–6.5. In addition, pH was the most important factor influencing the C-N-S related microbial communities and contributed to 17.95% of the variation in the methanogenesis community. A total of 55 functional genera were influenced by pH, which accounted for 42.08% of the C-N-S related genera. Among them, the genera Pseudomonas and Arcobacter were the highest and were concentrated in acidic conditions with pH values of 4.5–6.5. In parallel, 56 predicted C-N-S related genes were examined, and pH affected 16 of these genes, including putative chitinase, mcrA, mtrB, cysH, narGHIVYZ, nirK, nirB, nifA, sat, aprAB, and dsrAB. Furthermore, the co-occurrence networks of the C-N-S related microbial communities distinctly varied among the different pH conditions. The acidic environment exhibited the lowest complex network with the lowest keystone taxa number, and Escherichia-Shigella was the only keystone group that existed in all three networks. In summary, this study strengthened our knowledge regarding the C-N-S related microbial communities in petroleum reservoirs under different pH conditions, which is of great significance for understanding the microbial ecology and geochemical cycle of petroleum reservoirs.
Characterization of a Trametes versicolor aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme (TV-AFB1D) and its application in the AFB1 degradation of contaminated rice in situ
Authors: Yang Peizhou , Xiao Wei , Lu Shuhua , Jiang Shuying , Jiang Suwei , Chen Jianchao , Wu Wenjing , Zheng Zhi , Jiang Shaotong
Published: September 2022

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminates rice during harvest or storage and causes a considerable risk to human and animal health. In this study, Trametes versicolor AFB1–degrading enzyme (TV–AFB1D) gene recombinantly expressed in engineered E. coli BL21 (DE3) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The TV–AFB1D enzymatic characteristics and AFB1 degradation efficiency in contaminated rice were investigated. Results showed that the size of recombinant TV-AFB1D expressing in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and S. cerevisiae was appropriately 77 KDa. The kinetic equation of TV-AFB1D was y = 0.01671x + 1.80756 (R2 = 0.994, Km = 9.24 mM, and Vmax = 553.23 mM/min). The Kcat and Kcat/Km values of TV-AFB1D were 0.07392 (s−1) and 8 M−1 s−1, respectively. The AFB1 concentration of contaminated rice decreased from 100 μg/ml to 32.6 μg/ml after treatment at 32°C for 5 h under the catabolism of TV-AFB1D. S. cerevisiae engineered strains carrying aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) and Cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S (CaMV 35 S) promoters caused the residual AFB1 contents, respectively, decreased to 3.4 and 2.9 μg/g from the initial AFB1 content of 7.4 μg/g after 24 h of fermentation using AFB1-contaminated rice as substrate. The AFB1 degradation rates of S. cerevisiae engineered strains carrying AOX1 and CaMV promoters were 54 and 61%, respectively. Engineered S. cerevisiae strains integrated with TV-AFB1D expression cassettes were developed to simultaneously degrade AFB1 and produce ethanol using AFB1-contaminated rice as substrate. Thus, TV-AFB1D has significant application potential in the AFB1 decomposition from contaminated agricultural products.
Prevalence and diversity of type VI secretion systems in a model beneficial symbiosis
Authors: Suria Andrea M. , Smith Stephanie , Speare Lauren , Chen Yuzhou , Chien Iris , Clark Emily Grace , Krueger Madelyn , Warwick Alexander M. , Wilkins Hannah , Septer Alecia N.
Published: September 2022

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widely distributed in diverse bacterial species and habitats where it is required for interbacterial competition and interactions with eukaryotic cells. Previous work described the role of a T6SS in the beneficial symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, during colonization of the light organ of Euprymna scolopes squid. However, the prevalence and diversity of T6SSs found within the distinct symbiotic structures of this model host have not yet been determined. Here, we analyzed 73 genomes of isolates from squid light organs and accessory nidamental glands (ANGs) and 178 reference genomes. We found that the majority of these bacterial symbionts encode diverse T6SSs from four distinct classes, and most share homology with T6SSs from more distantly related species, including pathogens of animals and humans. These findings indicate that T6SSs with shared evolutionary histories can be integrated into the cellular systems of host-associated bacteria with different effects on host health. Furthermore, we found that one T6SS in V. fischeri is located within a genomic island with high genomic plasticity. Five distinct genomic island genotypes were identified, suggesting this region encodes diverse functional potential that natural selection can act on. Finally, analysis of newly described T6SSs in roseobacter clade ANG isolates revealed a novel predicted protein that appears to be a fusion of the TssB-TssC sheath components. This work underscores the importance of studying T6SSs in diverse organisms and natural habitats to better understand how T6SSs promote the propagation of bacterial populations and impact host health.
Glutamate as a non-conventional substrate for high production of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli
Authors: Chiang Chung-Jen , Hu Mu-Chen , Ta Thanh , Chao Yun-Peng
Published: September 2022

The economic viability of the biomass-based biorefinery is readily acknowledged by implementation of a cascade process that produces value-added products such as enzymes prior to biofuels. Proteins from the waste stream of biorefinery processes generally contain glutamate (Glu) in abundance. Accordingly, this study was initiated to explore the potential of Glu for production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The approach was first adopted by expression of D-hydantoinase (HDT) in commercially-available BL21(DE3) strain. Equipped with the mutant gltS (gltS*), the strain grown on Glu produced the maximum HDT as compared to the counterpart on glucose, glycerol, or acetate. The Glu-based production scheme was subsequently reprogrammed based on the L-arabinose-regulated T7 expression system. The strain with gltS* was further engineered by rewiring metabolic pathways. With low ammonium, the resulting strain produced 1.63-fold more HDT. The result indicates that Glu can serve as a carbon and nitrogen source. Overall, our proposed approach may open up a new avenue for the enzyme biorefinery platform based on Glu.
In-silico investigation of systematic missense mutations of middle east respiratory coronavirus spike protein
Authors: Rhoades Raina , Sobitan Adebiyi , Mahase Vidhyanand , Gebremedhin Brhan , Tang Qiyi , Rawat Danda , Cao Hongbao , Teng Shaolei
Published: September 2022

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe pneumonia-like symptoms and is still pose a significant threat to global public health. A key component in the virulence of MERS-CoV is the Spike (S) protein, which binds with the host membrane receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). The goal of the present investigation is to examine the effects of missense mutations in the MERS-CoV S protein on protein stability and binding affinity with DPP4 to provide insight that is useful in developing vaccines to prevent coronavirus infection. We utilized a saturation mutagenesis approach to simulate all possible mutations in the MERS-CoV full-length S, S Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and DPP4. We found the mutations in MERS-CoV S protein residues, G552, C503, C526, N468, G570, S532, S451, S419, S465, and S435, affect protein stability. We identified key residues, G538, E513, V555, S557, L506, L507, R511, M452, D537, and S454 in the S protein RBD region are important in the binding of MERS-CoV S protein to the DPP4 receptor. We investigated the effects of MERS-CoV S protein viral mutations on protein stability and binding affinity. In addition, we studied all DPP4 mutations and found the functional substitution R336T weakens both DPP4 protein stability and S-DPP4 binding affinity. We compared the S protein structures of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses and identified the residues like C526, C383, and N468 located in equivalent positions of these viruses have effects on S protein structure. These findings provide further information on how mutations in coronavirus S proteins effect protein function.
Prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of mannose receptor C type II in 33 cancers: An integrated analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhixun , Yang Yanwei , Liu Zheng , Chen Haipeng , Guan Xu , Jiang Zheng , Yang Ming , Liu Hengchang , Chen Tianli , Gao Yibo , Zou Shuangmei , Wang Xishan
Published: September 2022

Background: The type 2 mannose receptor C (MRC2) is involved in tumor biological processes and plays a new role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix turnover. Previous studies have demonstrated MRC2 expression profiling and prognostic relevance in some tumor types. However, the clinical and immunotherapeutic value of MRC2 in pan-cancers remains controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate MRC2 expression pattern, clinical characteristics and prognostic significance in 33 cancers, explore the relationship between MRC2 and immune-related characteristics, and assess the prediction of MRC2 for the immunotherapeutic response.

Methods: Transcriptional and clinical data of 33 cancers were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) database and two independent immunotherapeutic cohorts were obtained from GSE67501 and the IMvigor210 study. Next, patients stratified by MRC2 expression levels were displayed by Kaplan-Meier plot to compare prognosis-related indexes. Meanwhile, immune infiltrates of different cancers were estimated by tumor immune estimation resources (TIMER) and CIBERSORT. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to estimate the immune and stromal scores in tumor tissues. MRC2 expression and immunological modulators, including immune inhibitors, immune stimulators, and MHC molecules, were screened through the TISIDB portal. Gene-set enrichment analysis analyses were performed to explore the underlying biological process of MRC2 across different cancers. The immunotherapeutic response prediction was performed in two independent cohorts (GSE78220: metastatic melanoma with pembrolizumab treatment and IMvigor210: advanced urothelial cancer with atezolizumab intervention).

Results: MRC2 is expressed differently in many cancers and has been shown to have potential prognostic predicting significance. MRC2 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration, immune modulators, and immunotherapeutic markers. Notably, the immunotherapeutic response group was associated with lower MRC2 expression in metastatic melanoma and advanced urothelial carcinoma cohort.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MRC2 could be a prognostic indicator for certain cancer and is critical for tumor immune microenvironments. MRC2 expression level may influence and predict immune checkpoint blockade response as a potential indicator.
Relationship between adult subventricular neurogenesis and Alzheimer’s disease: Pathologic roles and therapeutic implications
Authors: Kim Hyeon Soo , Shin Seong Min , Kim Sujin , Nam Yunkwon , Yoo Anji , Moon Minho
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by irreversible cognitive declines. Senile plaques formed by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein accumulation, are prominent neuropathological features of AD. Impairment of adult neurogenesis is also a well-known pathology in AD. Adult neurogenesis is the process by which neurons are generated from adult neural stem cells. It is closely related to various functions, including cognition, as it occurs throughout life for continuous repair and development of specific neural pathways. Notably, subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis, which occurs in the lateral ventricles, transports neurons to several brain regions such as the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. These migrating neurons can affect cognitive function and behavior in different neurodegenerative diseases. Despite several studies indicating the importance of adult SVZ neurogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders, the pathological alterations and therapeutic implications of impaired adult neurogenesis in the SVZ in AD have not yet been fully explained. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the alterations in adult SVZ neurogenesis in AD animal models and patients. Moreover, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches for restoring impaired adult SVZ neurogenesis. Our goal is to impart to readers the importance of adult SVZ neurogenesis in AD and to provide new insights through the discussion of possible therapeutic approaches.
Early intervention with acupuncture improves the outcome of patients with Bell's palsy: A propensity score-matching analysis
Authors: Yang Lian-Sheng , Zhou Dan-Feng , Zheng Shu-Zhen , Zhao Bai-Ming , Li Huo-Gui , Chen Qi-Qing , Zhong Yun , Yang Hong-Zhi , Zhang Kun , Tang Chun-Zhi
Published: September 2022

Objective

Although acupuncture is widely used as a complementary therapy in the treatment of Bell's palsy (BP) when to initiate acupuncture is still controversial. This study aims to determine the efficacy of the early intervention by acupuncture on BP.

Methods

We retrospectively gathered clinical data from the Third Affiliated Hospital of SUN-YAT SEN University between 2016 and 2021. We selected newly diagnosed patients with BP who were diagnosed by registered neurologists or acupuncturists formally. The qualified patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not initial acupuncture treatment was given within 7 days from the onset of palsy. Cohorts were balanced using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Cox proportional hazards modeling and Kaplan–Meier analysis were applied to determine the differences between the two groups. The outcome included time to complete recovery of facial function, the rate of complete recovery, and the occurrence of sequelae in 24 weeks.

Results

A total of 345 patients were eligible for this study and were divided into the manual acupuncture/electroacupuncture (MA/EA) group (n = 76) and the EA group (n = 125). In the propensity score-matched cohort, the time to complete recovery was significantly shorter in the MA/EA group compared with the patients in the EA group (hazard ratio 1.505, 95% CI 1.028–2.404, p <0.05). The MA/EA group had a higher rate of favorable outcomes at 12 weeks than the EA group (93.4 vs. 80.3%, p = 0.032), and the occurrence of sequelae at 24 weeks showed a greater reducing trend in the MA/EA group than the EA group (6.6 vs. 16.4%, p = 0.088).

Conclusion

Acupuncture intervention at the acute stage of BP could shorten the time to recovery and improve the outcome.

Clinical trial registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR 2200058060.
Isolated bilateral hypoglossal nerve paralysis following an atlanto-occipital dislocation: A case report
Authors: Mano Tomoo , Tatsumi Saori , Fujimura Shigekazu , Hotta Naoki , Kido Akira
Published: September 2022

The present report highlights a case of successful treatment of an 11-year-old male patient who presented with an atlanto-occipital dislocation and multiple fractures of the forearm, pelvis, and lower leg because of a fall. The patient experienced dysarthria and paralysis of the tongue, which became completely immobile and could not be moved from side to side, impeding speech. The patient also experienced dysphagia due to the inability to propel food toward the pharynx and chewing attempts resulted in scattering of food residue throughout the oral cavity. The lack of tongue mobility led to saliva accumulation, forcing the patient to swallow frequently, which was possible as larynx movement was unaffected. The other cranial and motor sensory nerves appeared normal. Our diagnostic examinations confirmed the presence of isolated bilateral paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve secondary to traction at the base of the skull. The patient was still unable to protrude his tongue and tongue gradually atrophied two weeks after admission. Electromyography revealed denervation of the tongue and minimal active contraction of the single motor units. Immobilization therapy and rehabilitation therapy were initiated to improve tongue movement, but this was unsuccessful and one month after the accident, the patient's tongue was still atrophied. The patient was placed on a soft food diet and experienced no difficulty in swallowing either saliva or food three months after admission. Tongue mobility was deemed normal. Electromyography six months after the initial episode revealed normal motor unit potentials during contractions. We postulate that compression and stretching of the bilateral hypoglossal nerves against the greater horn of the hyoid bone was a probable cause of the hypoglossal palsy. The use of immobilization and rehabilitation therapy likely supported the recovery of functionality and resulted in a good prognosis.
No association of GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 polymorphisms with risk of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug responsiveness in Asian and Arabic populations: Evidence from a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zhang Tiejun , Yang Yi , Sima Xiutian
Published: September 2022

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the recurrence of chronic seizures. Genetic polymorphisms in GABRA1 and GABRA6 may confer a high risk of epilepsy and multiple drug resistance, but with conflicting results. We aimed to assess the association of GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 with epilepsy risk using a meta-analysis. The databases of Pubmed, Ovid, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms and epilepsy risk using a fixed- or random-effect model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess the results of the meta-analysis. No significant association between the GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 and the risk of epilepsy was found in the Asian and Arabic populations. The negative results were also observed when comparing the GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 polymorphism to antiepileptic drug responsiveness. The trial sequential analysis confirmed the results of the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis suggests that GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 are not risk factors for the etiology of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug responsiveness in the Asian and Arabic populations.
Combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and medication treatment for depression is associated with serum amyloid a level: Evidence from naturalistic clinical practice
Authors: Xu You , Han Li , Wei Youdan , Mao Hongjing , Yu Zhenghe
Published: September 2022

Objective

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has a positive effect on patients with depressive disorder, while the underpinning molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of rTMS on serum levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) and testosterone in a real-world setting.

Materials and methods

In total, ninety-seven patients with depressive disorder were treated with medicine and rTMS (the rTMS group) while 122 patients were treated using the medicine only (the control group). Plasma levels of SAA (n = 52) and testosterone (n = 37) were measured before and after 2 weeks of treatment, and the treatment effect was evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD).

Results

The treatment effect revealed by the percentage of decrease in HAMD in the second week was significantly greater in the rTMS group compared with the control group. No significant difference was found in SAA or testosterone levels between the two groups. However, the percentage of changes in SAA (r = −0.492, p = 0.017) in the second week was significantly correlated with the percentage of decrease in HAMD score in the rTMS group, but not in the control group.

Conclusion

Patients with depression benefit more from combined rTMS and medication treatment in this naturalistic study. Changes in SAA level, but not testosterone level, were related to depressive remission after 2 weeks’ combined treatment.
Cerebrospinal fluid micro-volume changes inside the spinal space affect intracranial pressure in different body positions of animals and phantom
Authors: Klarica Marijan , Radoš Milan , Erceg Gorislav , Jurjević Ivana , Petošić Antonio , Virag Zdravko , Orešković Darko
Published: September 2022

Interpersonal differences can be observed in the human cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the cranium in an upright body position, varying from positive to subatmospheric values. So far, these changes have been explained by the Monroe–Kellie doctrine according to which CSFP should increase or decrease if a change in at least one of the three intracranial volumes (brain, blood, and CSF) occurs. According to our hypothesis, changes in intracranial CSFP can occur without a change in the volume of intracranial fluids. To test this hypothesis, we alternately added and removed 100 or 200 μl of fluid from the spinal CSF space of four anesthetized cats and from a phantom which, by its dimensions and biophysical characteristics, imitates the cat cerebrospinal system, subsequently comparing CSFP changes in the cranium and spinal space in both horizontal and vertical positions. The phantom was made from a rigid “cranial” part with unchangeable volume, while the “spinal” part was made of elastic material whose modulus of elasticity was in the same order of magnitude as those of spinal dura. When a fluid volume (CSF or artificial CSF) was removed from the spinal space, both lumbar and cranial CSFP pressures decreased by 2.0–2.5 cm H2O for every extracted 100 μL. On the other hand, adding fluid volume to spinal space causes an increase in both lumbar and cranial CSFP pressures of 2.6–3.0 cm H2O for every added 100 μL. Results observed in cats and phantoms did not differ significantly. The presented results on cats and a phantom suggest that changes in the spinal CSF volume significantly affect the intracranial CSFP, but regardless of whether we added or removed the CSF volume, the hydrostatic pressure difference between the measuring sites (lateral ventricle and lumbar subarachnoid space) was always constant. These results suggest that intracranial CSFP can be increased or decreased without significant changes in the volume of intracranial fluids and that intracranial CSFP changes in accordance with the law of fluid mechanics.
Effects of physical distancing by COVID-19 pandemic on diet quality, neurological and immunological markers, and fecal microbiota of Brazilian older women
Authors: Longo Priscila Larcher , de Aquino Rita de Cassia , Ortiz Sandra Regina Mota , de Oliveira Roque Santos , Gavioli Aline , do Amaral Jônatas Bussador , Monteiro Fernanda Rodrigues , de Almeida Franco Raquel Riyuzo , Mereu Giovana Rebonatti , Bachi André Luis Lacerda , de Lima Alexandre José Bancher , Laurentino Gilberto Candido , Bastos Marta Ferreira
Published: September 2022

Physical distancing was used to prevent transmission of COVID-19, however there are concerns that this may promote harmful impacts on health, such as reduced levels of physical practice and changes in food intake and gut microbiota composition. This study evaluated the impacts of 6 months physical distancing on Brazilian older women upon body mass index (BMI), strength, physical activity level (IPAQ), eating habits, neurological markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor-BDNF and cortisol), cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α), aging-associated markers (vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF, insulin-like growth factor-IGF-1, klotho and thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP), besides specific groups of fecal microbiota. Fifteen women, over 60 years old, residents of São Paulo state (Brazil), were evaluated in March and in September 2020. The older adult women, with a mean age 66 ± 6.2 years presented significantly increased BMI and high effect size for non-protective foods consumption, reduced light physical activity and strength 6 months following the physical distancing. Furthermore, the serum concentration of IFN-γ, IGF-1, and IFN-γ/IL-5 were significantly higher, while lower concentration of IL-2 and IL-5 were observed 6 months after the physical distancing. Significant increase was noted only to Blautia spp. abundance after 6 months of physical distancing. Several correlations were observed at both before and after physical distancing, however, interestingly, many of them were lost or inverted 6 months following, while new ones emerged. Taken together, these results showed that lifestyle changes and stress conditions addressed by physical distancing from the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the health of older women included in the present study. Therefore, future follow-up studies are essential to propose interventions in order to restore the health conditions observed before the pandemic period, and thus to maintain the quality of life of older adults in different socioeconomic contexts.
Association of cluster determinant 36, scavenger receptor class B type 1, and major facilitator superfamily domain containing the 2a genetic polymorphism with serum lipid profile in aging population with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Xixiang , Ma Xiaojun , Xu Jingjing , Guo Yujie , Zhou Shaobo , Yu Huiyan , Yuan Linhong
Published: September 2022

Background

Lipid metabolism disorder commonly happens in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which may be linked to genetic variants of lipid metabolism-related genes. However, few studies have explored the relationship between lipid metabolism-related gene polymorphism and serum lipid profile in aging subjects with T2DM. The present study was designed to explore the impact of genetic polymorphism of cluster determinant 36 (CD36) (rs1049673, rs1054516, rs2151916), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) (rs5888), and major facilitator superfamily domain containing the 2a (MFSD2A) (rs12083239, rs4233508, rs12072037) on the relationship between circulating lipids in aging subjects with T2DM.

Methods

205 T2DM patients and 205 age and gender matched control subjects were recruited. Information on demographic characteristics was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for lipid-related gene genotyping and serum lipid profile measurement. The Chi-square test was used to compare percentage differences and to calculate P-value for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to explore the risk or correlation between variables, and general linear model (GLM) was used to compare the means of serum lipids between the groups.

Results

In T2DM group, CD36 rs1054516 and MFSD2A rs12072037 were correlated with serum TC level. In control group, CD36 rs1049673 was correlated with serum HDL-C level. Meanwhile, T2DM subjects with MFSD2A rs12083239 (CG), MFSD2A rs4233508 (TT), and MFSD2A rs12072037 (AA) had higher TG level than control subjects. T2DM subjects with CD36 rs1049673 (CG, GG), CD36 rs1054516 (CT), CD36 rs2151916 (TT, CT), SCARB1 rs5888 (GG), MFSD2A rs12083239 (GG, CG), MFSD2A rs4233508 (TT), and MFSD2A rs12072037 (CA, AA) had lower HDL-C level than control subjects. T2DM subjects with MFSD2A rs12072037 (AA) had lower LDL-C level than control subjects. In dominant model, major genotype (GG) of SCARB1 gene was associated with the risk of T2DM (OR = 0.636, P = 0.032).

Conclusion

The genetic polymorphism of CD36 (rs1049673, rs1054516, rs2151916), SCARB1 (rs5888), and MFSD2A (rs12083239, rs4233508, rs12072037) were associated with serum lipids in T2DM subjects. The SCARB1 rs5888 major genotype (GG) was a protective factor for T2DM. Large scale cohort study is required to determine the relationship between lipid metabolism-related gene polymorphism, serum lipid profile and T2DM in aging subjects.
Effects of Sparassis latifolia neutral polysaccharide on immune activity via TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent and independent signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Qiao Zening , Zhao Yue , Wang Menghao , Cao Jinling , Chang Mingchang , Yun Shaojun , Cheng Yanfen , Cheng Feier , Feng Cuiping
Published: September 2022

Background

Sparassis latifolia (S. latifolia) is a precious edible fungus with multiple biological activities. To date, no study has been investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of immunoregulation caused by the neutral polysaccharide of S. latifolia.

Materials and methods

To investigate immunomodulatory mechanism of S. latifolia neutral polysaccharide (SLNP), SLNP was obtained from S. latifolia and its structure, immune receptors and regulation mechanism were studied.

Results

S. latifolia neutral polysaccharide consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 6:12:63:10:5. SLNP was a pyran polysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 3.2 × 105 Da. SLNP promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7, which further induced the secretions of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β, and upregulated the immune receptor TLR4 expression. Moreover, SLNP increased remarkably the levels of TRAF6, IRF3, JNK, ERK, p38, and p38 mRNA and protein mediated by TLR4.

Conclusion

S. latifolia neutral polysaccharide regulated the immune function of RAW264.7 through MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways mediated by TLR4 receptor, which suggests that SLNP is a new immunomodulator.
Experiences of cancer survivors in Europe: Has anything changed? Can artificial intelligence offer a solution?
Authors: Hesso Iman , Kayyali Reem , Charalambous Andreas , Lavdaniti Maria , Stalika Evangelia , Lelegianni Maria , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Cancer is a major global health issue. Despite technological advancements in oncology, challenges remain in many aspects related to cancer management. This study constitutes one part of the user requirement definition of INCISIVE EU H2020 project, which has been designed to explore the full potential of artificial intelligence (AI) based technologies in cancer imaging. The study aimed to explore cancer survivors’ experiences of cancer care in five European countries.

Methods

A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews was conducted. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants across the five validation countries of INCISIVE project: Greece, Cyprus, Spain, Italy, and Serbia. Forty cancer survivors were interviewed between November 2020 and March 2021. Data was analysed thematically using the framework approach and coded using NVivo12 software.

Results

The analysis yielded several gaps within the cancer care pathway which reflected on the participants experiences. Five key themes were revealed; (1) perceived challenges during the cancer journey, (2) the importance of accurate and prompt diagnosis, (3) perceived need for improving cancer diagnosis, (4) absence of well-established/designated support services within the pathway and (5) suggestions to improve cancer care pathway.

Conclusion

Cancer survivors experienced significant burdens pertaining to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Our findings underscored some main gaps within the cancer care pathway which contributed to the challenges articulated by the participants including lack of resources and delays in diagnostic and treatment intervals. Additionally, several suggestions were provided by the cancer survivors which could be considered towards the improvement of the current state of care, some of which can be optimised using new technologies involving AI such as the one proposed by INCISIVE.