bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Decision Making Among Women Seeking Abortions at One U.S. Clinic
Authors: Foster Diana Greene , Gould Heather , Taylor Jessica , Weitz Tracy A.
Published: May 2012

CONTEXT:

Various restrictions on abortion have been imposed under the pretense that women may be uninformed, undecided or coerced in regard to their decision to terminate a pregnancy. Understanding whether certain women are at risk of low confidence in their abortion decision is useful for providing client‐centered care and allocating counseling time to women with the greatest needs.

METHODS:

Data were abstracted from the precounseling needs assessment form and clinical intake form of 5,109 women who sought 5,387 abortions at one U.S. clinic in 2008. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze variables associated with women’s high confidence in their abortion decision.

RESULTS:

For 87% of the abortions sought, women had high confidence in their decision before receiving counseling. Certain variables were negatively associated with abortions’ being sought by women with high confidence: being younger than 20, being black, not having a high school diploma, having a history of depression, having a fetus with an anomaly, having general difficulty making decisions, having spiritual concerns, believing that abortion is killing and fearing not being forgiven by God (odds ratios, 0.2–0.8). Having a supportive mother or male partner was associated with increased odds of high confidence (1.3 and 1.2, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Regulations requiring state‐approved information or waiting periods may not meet the complex needs of all women. Instead, women may benefit more from interactions with trained staff who can assess and respond to their individual needs.
Matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) is directly up-regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1: identification of a hypoxia-responsive element in the TMPRSS6 promoter region
Authors: Maurer Eva , Gütschow Michael , Stirnberg Marit
Published: May 2012

The type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) down-regulates the expression of hepcidin, the main regulator of systemic iron homeostasis, and increases in this way iron plasma levels. Matriptase-2 is up-regulated under hypoxic conditions, providing a new link between hypoxia signaling and iron homeostasis. In this study, we have characterized the TMPRSS6 promoter region and identified a functional hypoxia-responsive element (HRE). Mutations of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-binding site located within the HRE abrogate HIF-1α-dependent induction of TMPRSS6 expression. The action of HIF-1α on TMPRSS6 promoter activity reveals a new regulative element for the suppression of hepcidin synthesis.
Mitochondrial protein import pathways are functionally conserved among eukaryotes despite compositional diversity of the import machineries
Authors: Eckers Elisabeth , Cyrklaff Marek , Simpson Larry , Deponte Marcel
Published: May 2012

Mitochondrial protein import (MPI) is essential for the biogenesis of mitochondria in all eukaryotes. Current models of MPI are predominantly based on experiments with one group of eukaryotes, the opisthokonts. Although fascinating genome database-driven hypotheses on the evolution of the MPI machineries have been published, previous experimental research on non-opisthokonts usually focused on the analysis of single pathways or components in, for example, plants and parasites. In this study, we have established the kinetoplastid parasite Leishmania tarentolae as a model organism for the comprehensive analysis of non-opisthokont MPI into all four mitochondrial compartments. We found that opisthokont marker proteins are efficiently imported into isolated L. tarentolae mitochondria. Vice versa, L. tarentolae marker proteins of all compartments are also imported into mitochondria from yeast. The results are remarkable because only a few of the more than 25 classical components of the opisthokont MPI machineries are found in parasite genome databases. Our results demonstrate that different MPI pathways are functionally conserved among eukaryotes despite significant compositional differences of the MPI machineries. Moreover, our model system could lead to the identification of significantly altered or even novel MPI components in non-opisthokonts. Such differences might serve as starting points for drug development against parasitic protists.
Small molecule inhibitors of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) possess antiviral activity against highly pathogenic avian and human pandemic influenza A viruses
Authors: Nacken Wolfgang , Ehrhardt Christina , Ludwig Stephan
Published: May 2012

C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) are activated in course of many viral infections. Here we analyzed the activity of JNK inhibitors on influenza A virus (IAV) amplification. Human lung epithelial cells were infected with either the highly pathogenic avian virus strain A/FPV/Bratislava/79 (H7N7) or the pandemic swine-origin influenza virus A/Hamburg/4/09 (H1N1v). The application of the JNK inhibitors SP600125 and AS601245 reduced IAV amplification by suppressing viral protein and RNA synthesis. Although AS601245 appeared to generally block the transcription of newly introduced genes, SP600125 specifically affected viral RNA synthesis. Overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of SEK/MKK4 and siRNA-mediated suppression of JNK2 expression confirmed that specific manipulation of the JNK pathway attenuates virus propagation. An IAV minigenome replication assay revealed that SP600125 did not directly affect the activity of the viral RNA polymerase complex but seems to suppress an anti-influenza nonstructural protein 1-mediated virus supportive function. Finally, when H7N7- or H1N1v-infected mice were treated with SP600125, the viral load is reduced in lungs of treated compared with untreated mice. Our data suggest that this class of ATP competitive inhibitors once optimized for antiviral action potentially represent novel drugs for antiviral intervention.
A non-cytotoxic but ribonucleolytically specific ribotoxin variant: implication of tryptophan residues in the cytotoxicity of hirsutellin A
Authors: Herrero-Galán Elías , García-Ortega Lucía , Lacadena Javier , Martínez-del-Pozo Álvaro , Olmo Nieves , Gavilanes José G. , Oñaderra Mercedes
Published: May 2012

Ribotoxins are a family of toxic proteins that exert a highly specific cleavage at the universally conserved sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) of the larger rRNA molecule. Before this ribonucleolytic action, passage through the cell membrane is a necessary step for ribotoxin internalization and the limiting factor for cytotoxicity. Although extensive knowledge of their ribonucleolytic activity and substrate recognition has been accumulated, little is known about the mechanisms of cell entry of ribotoxins. Hirsutellin A (HtA) is a recently described member of this family, which accommodates the main abilities of previously characterized ribotoxins into a shorter sequence, but exhibits some differences regarding membrane interaction properties. This work investigates the contribution of tryptophan (Trp) residues 71 and 78 to both endoribonucleolytic activity and cellular toxicity of this ribotoxin. Substitution mutants W71F and W78F, as well as the double mutant W71/78F, were obtained and assayed against isolated ribosomes, synthetic SRL, and human tumor cells. The results provide evidence that cell membrane passage and internalization, as well as substrate-specific recognition, require the participation of the region involving both Trp 71 and Trp 78. Additionally, the mutant W71/78F is the first non-cytotoxic but specific ribosome-cleaving ribotoxin mutant obtained to date.
Ubiquilins in the crosstalk among proteolytic pathways
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Brown Eric J.
Published: May 2012

Protein degradation occurs through several distinct proteolytic pathways for membrane and cytosolic proteins. There is evidence that these processes are linked and that crosstalk among these major protein degradation pathways occurs. Ubiquilins, a family of ubiquitin-binding proteins, are involved in all protein degradation pathways. This minireview provides an overview of ubiquilin function in protein degradation and contrasts it with sequestosome-1 (p62), a protein that also has been implicated in multiple proteolytic pathways.
An optimization method in the Dirichlet problem for the wave equation
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Bektemesov Maktagali A. , Nurseitov Daniyar B. , Krivorotko Olga I. , Alimova Anel N.
Published: May 2012

A numerical method for solving the
Dirichlet problem for the wave equation in the two-dimensional space
is proposed. The problem is analyzed for ill-posedness
and a regularization algorithm is
constructed. The first stage in the regularization process consists
in the Fourier series expansion with respect to one of the variables
and passing to a finite sequence of Dirichlet problems for the wave
equation in the one-dimensional space. Each of the obtained
Dirichlet problems for the wave equation in the one-dimensional
space is reduced to the inverse problem with respect to a
certain direct (well-posed) problem. The degree of ill-posedness of
the inverse problem is analyzed based on the character of decreasing
of the singular values of the operator A. The numerical solution
of the inverse problem is reduced to minimizing the objective
functional . The results of
numerical calculations are presented.
Effect of various additives on mechanical properties of rice husk polypropylene (RHPP) composites
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Saini Manohar Singh , Kanungo Bikram Kishore , Sinha Shishir
Published: May 2012

Abundantly available rice husk can be used with polypropylene for the development of thermoplastic composites. The present study deals with mechanical properties such as hardness and impact strength of rice husk polypropylene composites with the addition of talc, mica, CaCO3, wollastonite, and zirconium oxide. Maleic anhydride polypropylene was used as compatibilizer. Improvement in the hardness and impact strength of the composites was observed by the use of these additives. Possible applications of rice husk polypropylene composite are in building and automobile sectors.
Preparation of high molecular weight and elastic copolyester by reactive extrusion with diisocyanate compound for laser printing process
Authors: Roh Hyung-Jin , Kim Doe , Lee Dong-Ho , Yoon Keun-Byoung
Published: May 2012

A branched copolyester was synthesized using dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane, ethylene glycol (EG) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2- ethylpropane-1,3-diol (trimethylol propane, TMP). The branched copolyester and p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) were melt extruded to enhance the melt viscosity and elasticity for use as a toner binder in the laser printing process. The effects of PPDI content on melt, thermal and rheological properties of the chain-extended copolyester were investigated. The melt flow index (MI) decreased with increasing amount of PPDI, due to a reaction between the hydroxyl chain end and isocyanate group. The storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of the chain extended copolyester were higher and the modified Cole-Cole plots revealed the chain extended copolyester to have higher elasticity than that of the branched copolyester. The chain extended copolyester exhibited suitable melt and rheological properties for applications as a toner binder in the laser printing processes.
Tribological performance of industrial polyamide-imide and its composite under different cooling conditions
Authors: Unal Huseyin , Kurt Mehmet , Mimaroglu Abdullah
Published: May 2012

Polyamide-imide (PAI) polymer is a high-temperature resistant polymer, which is used as contact breaker material because of its high electrical insulation property. The working conditions of contact breakers arise from the wear and friction problem conditions of these materials. Therefore, the tribological behavior of PAI polymer is important. In this study, the friction and wear performance of pure PAI polymer and PAI composite [PAI+12% graphite+3% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)] were studied in two different cooling environmental conditions (with and without air cooling). Wear tests were carried out with the configuration of a polymer pin, on a rotating AISI 316 L stainless steel disc. Test conditions were atmospheric conditions, 50 N, 100 N, and 150 N loads and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 m/s sliding speeds. For sliding without air cooling and sliding with air cooling, the results show that the coefficient of friction and wear rates for pure PAI and PAI+12% graphite+3% PTFE composite, slightly decrease and increase with the increase in applied load and sliding speed values, respectively. In addition, for the range of loads and sliding speeds of this study, low coefficients of friction and high specific wear rates are registered at sliding under air cooling conditions. Finally, the wear mechanism includes adhesive and abrasive processes.
Mining the proteome: the application of tandem mass spectrometry to endocrine cancer research
Authors: Sharma Neil , Martin Ashley , McCabe Christopher J
Published: May 2012

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) permits the detection of femtomolar quantities of protein from a wide variety of tissue sources. As endocrine cancers are frequently aetiologically complex, they are particularly amenable to mass spectrometry. The most widely studied aspect is the search for novel reliable biomarkers that would allow cancers to be diagnosed earlier and distinguished from benign tumours. MS/MS allows for the rapid analysis of blood and urine in addition to tumour tissue, and in this regard it has been applied on research involving thyroid, pancreatic, adrenal and ovarian cancers with varying degrees of success, as well as additional organ sites including breast and lung. The description of an individual cancer proteome potentially allows for personalised management of each patient, avoiding unnecessary therapies and targeting treatments to those which will have the most effect. The application of MS/MS to interaction proteomics is a field that has generated recent novel targets for chemotherapy. However, the technology involved in MS/MS has a number of drawbacks that at present prevent its widespread use in translational cancer research, including a poor reproducibility of results, in part due to the large amount of data generated and the inability to accurately differentiate true from false-positive results. Further, the current cost of running MS/MS restricts the number of times the experiments can be repeated, contributing to the lack of significance and concordance between studies. Despite these problems, however, MS/MS is emerging as a front line tool in endocrine cancer research and it is likely that this will continue over the next decade.
A Role for siRNA in X-Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Menon Debashish U , Meller Victoria H
Published: May 2012

Sex-chromosome dosage compensation requires selective identification of X chromatin. How this occurs is not fully understood. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA) mutations enhance the lethality of Drosophila males deficient in X recognition and partially rescue females that inappropriately dosage-compensate. Our findings are consistent with a role for siRNA in selective recognition of X chromatin.
Biomechanical Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans Motility
Authors: Krajacic Predrag , Shen Xiaoning , Purohit Prashant K , Arratia Paulo , Lamitina Todd
Published: May 2012

Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion is a stereotyped behavior that is ideal for genetic analysis. We integrated video microscopy, image analysis algorithms, and fluid mechanics principles to describe the C. elegans swim gait. Quantification of body shapes and external hydrodynamics and model-based estimates of biomechanics reveal that mutants affecting similar biological processes exhibit related patterns of biomechanical differences. Therefore, biomechanical profiling could be useful for predicting the function of previously unstudied motility genes.
Adjust of regression models to estimate the rectal temperature of broilers for the first 14 days of life
Authors: Ponciano Patrícia F. , Yanagi Junior Tadayuki , Lima Renato R. de , Schiassi Leonardo , Teixeira Vitor H.
Published: May 2012

The broiler rectal temperature (t rectal) is one of the most important physiological responses to classify the animal thermal comfort. Therefore, the aim of this study was to adjust regression models in order to predict the rectal temperature (t rectal) of broiler chickens under different thermal conditions based on age (A) and a meteorological variable (air temperature - t air) or a thermal comfort index (temperature and humidity index -THI or black globe humidity index - BGHI) or a physical quantity enthalpy (H). In addition, through the inversion of these models and the expected t rectal intervals for each age, the comfort limits of t air, THI, BGHI and H for the chicks in the heating phase were determined, aiding in the validation of the equations and the preliminary limits for H. The experimental data used to adjust the mathematical models were collected in two commercial poultry farms, with Cobb chicks, from 1 to 14 days of age. It was possible to predict the t rectal of conditions from the expected t rectal and determine the lower and superior comfort thresholds of broilers satisfactorily by applying the four models adjusted; as well as to invert the models for prediction of the environmental H for the chicks first 14 days of life.
Soil penetration resistance analysis by multivariate and geostatistical methods
Authors: Medina Cecilia , Camacho-Tamayo Jesús H. , Cortés César A.
Published: May 2012

The penetration resistance (PR) is a soil attribute that allows identifies areas with restrictions due to compaction, which results in mechanical impedance for root growth and reduced crop yield. The aim of this study was to characterize the PR of an agricultural soil by geostatistical and multivariate analysis. Sampling was done randomly in 90 points up to 0.60 m depth. It was determined spatial distribution models of PR, and defined areas with mechanical impedance for roots growth. The PR showed a random distribution to 0.55 and 0.60 m depth. PR in other depths analyzed showed spatial dependence, with adjustments to exponential and spherical models. The cluster analysis that considered sampling points allowed establishing areas with compaction problem identified in the maps by kriging interpolation. The analysis with main components identified three soil layers, where the middle layer showed the highest values of PR.
Fuel consumption of a tractor in function of wear, of ballasting and tire inflation pressure
Authors: Spagnolo Roger T. , Volpato Carlos E. S. , Barbosa Jackson A. , Palma Marcos A. Z. , Barros Murilo M. de
Published: May 2012

When using appropriate inflation pressures and load capacity (ballast), it may obtain a higher yield and prolongation of the life of the tire, besides it may minimize the problems of loss of traction, increased slippage and fuel consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the fuel consumption of a tractor operating with new and worn tires in three conditions of ballasting and three inflation pressures, when driving on compacted soil with vegetation cover. The experiment was conducted at the experimental unit from the Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in an agricultural soil compacted by cattle trampling and with vegetation cover. It was used a tractor 4x2 with front wheel assist, of a 65.62 kW engine power. The tires were of R1 type, diagonal (front: 12.4 to 24; and rear: 18.4 to 30), the average height of the clutches of the new tires were 0.3 and 0.35 m for front and rear tires, respectively, and for the worn tires were 0.018 and 0.0045 m, for the front and the rear tires, respectively. The results showed advantages for the tractor equipped with new tires.
Relacionamento mãe-primogênito durante a gestação do segundo filho
Authors: Pereira Caroline Rubin Rossato , Piccinini Cesar Augusto
Published: May 2012

O presente estudo investigou as impressões de oito mães, que responderam a uma entrevista sobre seu relacionamento com o primogênito durante a gestação do segundo filho. A partir de uma análise de conteúdo, os resultados revelaram que a nova gestação trouxe-lhes a necessidade de uma redefinição em sua identidade materna e em sua relação com o primogênito. Além de voltar-se emocionalmente para o bebê, as restrições físicas da gestação trouxeram limitações à interação mãe-primogênito, tanto em brincadeiras como nos cuidados diários. Destaca-se ainda o aumento no apoio fornecido pelo casal parental ao primogênito. Os resultados sugerem a importância da rede de apoio e de programas de intervenção para famílias envolvidas na transição para o nascimento do segundo filho.
Trabalho e riscos de adoecimento: um estudo entre policiais civis
Authors: Anchieta Vânia Cristine Cavalcante , Galinkin Ana Lúcia , Mendes Ana Magnólia Bezerra , Neiva Elaine Rabelo
Published: May 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção que os policiais civis do DF têm sobre o seu contexto de trabalho, suas exigências, assim como as vivências e os problemas físicos, psicológicos e sociais causados pelo trabalho, procurando fazer inferências sobre as estratégias de mediação utilizadas para evitar o sofrimento e os riscos de adoecimento. Foi aplicado o Inventário do Trabalho e Riscos de Adoecimento (ITRA) em 160 policiais civis, homens e mulheres, recém empossados na Instituição (tempo médio de oito meses de ingresso na Instituição). Os resultados indicaram que, apesar de não ficarem evidentes danos graves à saúde do policial novato, há riscos de acontecerem falhas nas estratégias de mediação em relação a fatores que levam ao adoecimento.
Os efeitos da idade na seleção de carga perceptual
Authors: Sousa Vanessa Coelho de , Rossini Joaquim Carlos
Published: May 2012

Algumas pesquisas sugerem a existência de momentos distintos de maturação do sistema atentivo. O presente estudo investigou os padrões de seleção da informação visual através de uma tarefa de carga perceptual executada por três grupos etários: crianças, adultos e idosos. De maneira geral os resultados obtidos indicaram uma diminuição da eficiência no processo de seleção da informação em condições de baixa carga perceptual na população de idosos e uma diminuição da eficiência da seleção em condições de alta e baixa carga perceptual na população composta por crianças. Estes resultados sugerem a existência de padrões específicos na seleção da informação visual em função da idade e da carga perceptual a ser processada pelo sistema visual.
Identificação de operantes verbais constituintes da leitura por meio da análise dos movimentos dos olhos
Authors: Endemann Peter , Pessôa Candido Vinicius Bocaiúva Barnsley , Perez William Ferreira , Tomanari Gerson Yukio
Published: May 2012

Os movimentos dos olhos produzem estímulos discriminativos para o comportamento de ler. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os movimentos dos olhos de dois participantes durante a leitura de anagramas e identificar os operantes verbais envolvidos. A tarefa consistia em vocalizar uma palavra utilizando cinco letras. Na Fase 1, as letras formavam apenas uma palavra, sempre que observadas em uma mesma sequência espacial. Na Fase 2, formavam duas ou mais a partir de diferentes sequências. Na Fase 2, apesar da possibilidade de múltipla formação de palavras, as palavras vocalizadas foram aquelas formadas pela mesma sequência reforçada na fase anterior. Com base nos movimentos dos olhos, as vocalizações foram analisadas à luz dos conceitos de comportamento textual, auto-correção e intraverbal.
Atributos físico-hídricos de um Latossolo após a aplicação de lodo de esgoto em área degradada do Cerrado
Authors: Campos Fabiana da Silva de , Alves Marlene Cristina , Souza Zigomar Menezes de , Pereira Gener Tadeu
Published: May 2012

Os solos cultivados intensivamente e inadequadamente são degradados, assim como a construção de obras civis no meio rural executada sem atender à legislação. O trabalho objetivou definir a interferência do lodo de esgoto na recuperação de atributos de um Latossolo Vermelho. O experimento foi implantado em 2004, em Selviria (MS). Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1-vegetação de cerrado; T2-solo exposto sem tratamento para recuperação; T3-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária sem o uso do lodo de esgoto e adubação mineral; T4-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária com adubação mineral; T5-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária com uso de 30Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto e; T6-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária com uso de 60Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto. Nas camadas do solo de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e de 0,20-0,30m, foram avaliados os atributos físico-hídricos e teor de matéria orgânica. Os tratamentos com adubação mineral e orgânica estão agindo de forma semelhante para a recuperação dos atributos físico-hídricos e do teor de matéria orgânica. Em solos degradados pela construção de obras civis a aplicação de 30 a 60mg de lodo de esgoto ha-1 recupera as suas propriedades físico-hídricas.
Extrapolação das relações solo-paisagem a partir de uma área de referência
Authors: ten Caten Alexandre , Dalmolin Ricardo Simão Diniz , Pedron Fabrício de Araújo , Santos Maria de Lourdes Mendonça
Published: May 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar uma técnica automatizada de mapeamento de solos a partir de modelos preditivos ajustados em uma área de referência e, posteriormente, aplicados em áreas próximas de mesmas relações solo-paisagem. Modelos lineares generalizados foram desenvolvidos utilizando-se de nove atributos de terreno, derivados de um Modelo Digital de Elevação, como covariáveis preditoras e classes de solos, obtidas em um levantamento convencional, como variáveis dependentes. Os modelos foram capazes de distinguir as três principais formas da paisagem local. Classes de solos de pedogênese intimamente ligada às covariáveis preditoras obtiveram os melhores resultados. O mapa de solos gerado apresentou uma reprodutibilidade de 46,12% e uma exatidão de 21,06%.
Superação de dormência em sementes de Gleditschia amorphoides Taub.
Authors: Bortolini Michele Fernanda , Koehler Henrique Soares , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina , Malavasi Marlene De Matos , Fortes Andréa Maria Teixeira
Published: May 2012

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar métodos para a superação da dormência de sementes de sucará. As sementes receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) testemunha; 2) escarificação mecânica; 3) escarificação mecânica + água/24h; 4) escarificação mecânica + água quente/24h; 5) água quente/24h; 6) ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4)/1h; 7) H2SO4/2h; 8) H2SO4/1h + água/24h; 9) H2SO4/30min + água corrente/4h; 10) escarificação mecânica + água corrente/4h. O teste de germinação foi conduzido em rolos de papel Germitest acondicionados em câmara de germinação, à 25°C, com fotoperíodo de 12h por 26 dias. Avaliou-se também o tempo e a velocidade média de germinação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O melhor desempenho germinativo foi registrado para as sementes submetidas à escarificação mecânica e química, com médias entre 76 e 98% de germinação, respectivamente, 2,17 a 2,88 dias para tempo médio de germinação e 0,46 a 0,47 sementes/dia para velocidade média de germinação, demonstrando serem estes os melhores métodos para superação da dormência de sementes dessa espécie.
Aplicação estratégica do balanço eletrolítico em dietas para matrizes pesadas
Authors: Santos Tiago Tedeschi dos , Santos Samuel Augusto dos , Borges Sebastião Aparecido , Silva Ana Vitória Fisher da , Maiorka Alex
Published: May 2012

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da utilização do conceito de equilíbrio eletrolítico das dietas sobre o desempenho de matrizes de corte. Foram utilizadas 57.000 matrizes pesadas, da linhagem Cobb 500, entre 55 e 62 semanas de idade distribuídas em dois grupos de três galpões que receberam de forma alternada (dois ciclos de quatro semanas) rações que seguiam ou não o conceito de equilíbrio eletrolítico. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, produtividade, aproveitamento de ovos, mortalidade, produção semanal de ovos/ave e conversão alimentar. O mesmo conceito foi extrapolado para quatro galpões comerciais, de 6.300 aves cada (linhagem Ross), desde a fase de pré-postura, sendo aplicado em dois destes galpões o conceito de equilíbrio eletrolítico. Observou-se, no período de utilização da ração que seguia o conceito de equilíbrio eletrolítico, menor mortalidade (0,285% vs. 0,525%; P<0,05), maior produtividade (56,63% vs. 55,69%; P<0,05) e maior produção semanal de ovos (3,96 vs. 3,88ovos; P<0,05) com melhor conversão alimentar (267 vs. 273g ovo-1; P<0,05). Nos galpões comerciais, foi possível observar diferença na curva de produção, mortalidade e eclosão, resultando em uma produção de 13,87 pintinhos vendáveis a mais no galpão com conceito de equilíbrio eletrolítico. A adoção do conceito de equilíbrio eletrolítico com 180mEq kg-1 para matrizes pesadas melhora a produção de ovos e conversão alimentar e reduz a mortalidade de matrizes de corte.
One World? The Poetics of Passenger Flight and the Perception of the Global
Authors: MacArthur Marit J.
Published: May 2012

The poetry of passenger flight, especially in the early years of the jet age, is exceptional in illuminating the perceptual, affective, and ethical confusions of the global perspective. Offering readings of James Merrill's “Flying from Byzantium,” Elizabeth Bishop's “Night City,” Amiri Baraka's “The Nation Is like Ourselves,” and Derek Walcott's “The Fortunate Traveller,” this essay integrates theoretical grounding in the phenomenology of flight (speed, distance, time, and perspective), the legacy of Romantic landscape meditation in contemporary poetry and the evolution of the literature of flight, and relevant historical background about the development of commercial air travel. The passenger's view in the period when flight was no longer thrilling and not yet tedious is a peculiarly apt trope for the difficulties of imagining the global and of registering the conundrum of globalization—in its most basic sense, time-space compression—from its repercussions in our private lives to the greatest humanitarian challenges of our time.
The Primacy of the Present, the Primacy of Place: Navigating the Spiral of History in the Digital World
Authors: Brooks Lisa
Published: May 2012

In her introduction to the english institute's e-bookon periodization, the editor, virginia jackson, remarks on the ability of its “digital format” to invite innovative ways of interacting with texts. Marshall Brown's article in the book, for example, allows readers to hear Joseph Haydn's music while they read nineteenth-century literature, giving them an immediate understanding of the musical metaphors Brown uses for describing literary history. Our contemporary presence and capabilities in the digital world, Brown suggests, may help us to understand periods as “linked episodes within the rolling flood of time,” enabling what Jackson describes as “a literary historical process” that “is not progress but wave, not transcendence” but, as Brown writes, “the metrics and bar lines shaping the pulse of history'” (Jackson, par. 4). The authors ofOn Periodizationsuggest a practice of periodization that allows for simultaneities: “a new plane of historicity on which several temporalities unfold at once” (Jackson, par. 4). This conception of time is made possible by the present moment, the (relatively) new technologies we have in our midst, through which this e-book is expressed. This “new plane” of simultaneities reflects the primacy of the present in that the technologies we use are actively shaping how we experience literature and literary history (Martin 153–56). Furthermore, while chronological periodization can dis-embed events from their places, our process of reading rhizomically in the digital world may move us to reconsider the primacy of place.
In the Grid: Period and Experience
Authors: Trumpener Katie
Published: May 2012

When we read (analytically or in search of pleasure), we read in the present tense. indeed, the text seems not only present to us but electrically charged. It can seem to envelop us or to be ingested and internalized by us; it can get under our skin, startle us, make us cry, inhibit sleep (Miller, ch. 5 [146–91]). In memory the text may retain much of this experienced vividness and presence, even if our circumstances of reading can only be reconstructed laboriously. The context generally remains secondary to the felt memory of reading as visceral experience.
Translation, Recovery, and “Ethnic” Archives of Africana: Inscribing Meaning beyond Otherness
Authors: Carr Greg
Published: May 2012

Scholars who conduct ethnic archival research and who use material texts and practices in institutions in order to examine human memory and interpret human meaning-making face the challenge of placing differently archived traces of intellectual genealogies in conversation, conflict, and convergence with Western-oriented intellectual genealogies and methodologies. Such a challenge reveals the question at the heart of the proposition of the “ethnic” archive: how do scholars use archival collections as only part of the larger constellation of inscription systems produced, maintained, and institutionalized by cultural groups no longer beholden to the relational dynamic of “othering”?
Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage
Authors: Kanellos Nicolás
Published: May 2012

Recovering the U.S. hispanic literary heritage is a program that works with an international board of scholars, librarians, and archivists to constitute and make accessible an archive of cultural productions by Hispanic or Latino peoples who have existed since the sixteenth century in the areas that eventually became part of the United States. Founded in 1992 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation and subsequently funded by many other organizations, the project brought together scholars who wanted to make accessible to any interested person, with any level of education, the full range of texts generated by Hispanic peoples and to reform the concept of American nationhood. Depending on available funds, the program underwrites scholarly research, creates virtual and paper archives, microfilms for preservation, digitizes for accessibility, publishes material in conventional and digital form, organizes conferences, and maintains communications with some five thousand associates. The program has found, accessioned, and made accessible tens of thousands of books and documents that were heretofore unknown. It has digitized more than 500,000 items, ranging from published books and newspapers to manuscripts of varying lengths from the first encounters between Hispanic and indigenous peoples in North America to broadsides and photographs from the twentieth century—in short, all the materials that a literate community generates over centuries.
Comparison of direct, indirect, and ecosystem engineering effects of an earthworm on the red‐backed salamander
Authors: Ransom Tami S.
Published: May 2012

In addition to creating or modifying habitat, ecosystem engineers interact with other species as predators, prey, or competitors. The earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, interacts with the common woodland salamander, Plethodon cinereus, via: (1) ecosystem engineering, by providing burrows that are used as a refuge, (2) direct effects as a prey item, and (3) indirectly, by competing with microinvertebrates, another prey item for P. cinereus. Using enclosures in the forest, I examined the relative strengths of these component pathways between seasons and salamander age classes. I found that the relative strength (partial η2) of the positive direct (trophic) effect of L. terrestris on the change in mass of P. cineresus was greater than that of the negative indirect effect, but only in summer. Positive effects of ecosystem engineering were only evident over the winter as increased adult survival. This research has implications for how habitat provisioning complements more well‐studied species interactions, such as competition and predation, within communities.
A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial with Delayed-Release Cysteamine Bitartrate in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Langman Craig B. , Greenbaum Larry A. , Sarwal Minnie , Grimm Paul , Niaudet Patrick , Deschênes Georges , Cornelissen Elisabeth , Morin Denis , Cochat Pierre , Matossian Debora , Gaillard Segolene , Bagger Mary Jo , Rioux Patrice
Published: May 2012

Background and objectives

Immediate-release cysteamine bitartrate (Cystagon; Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Canonsburg, PA) may prevent or delay kidney transplantation and other serious outcomes in patients with cystinosis, but has never been subjected to a prospective clinical trial. Cystagon efficacy requires strict lifelong dosing every 6 hours. Such a dosing schedule and Cystagon-associated side effects are often cited by patients as reasons for nonadherence.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This open-label, randomized, controlled, crossover trial was powered to show that a new delayed-release formulation of cysteamine bitartrate, RP103, taken every 12 hours, was noninferior to Cystagon for maintenance of white blood cell (WBC) cystine at levels associated with optimal outcomes in the disease.

Results

Forty-three patients were randomized. Using a mixed-effects statistical analysis model, the least-squares mean peak value of WBC cystine level was 0.62±0.05 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein after 12 hours under RP103 and 0.54±0.05 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein after 6 hours under Cystagon, a difference of 0.08±0.04 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein (95.8% confidence interval, 0–0.16). The average steady-state total daily dose of RP103 was 82% of the incoming steady-state total daily dose of Cystagon. There were three-fold more gastrointestinal side effects compared with using Cystagon.

Conclusions

A new delayed-release Q12H formulation of cysteamine bitartrate is not inferior to the Q6H formulation (Cystagon) in maintaining low WBC cystine levels in patients with cystinosis but at a lower total daily dose.
Biosorption of lanthanum and cerium from aqueous solutions using tangerine (Citrus reticulata) peel: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Torab-Mostaedi Meisam
Published: May 2012

Biosorption of lanthanum (III) and cerium (III) from aqueous solution by
tangerine (Citrus reticulate) peel has been investigated in a batch system as
a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature. The
equilibrium pH was found to severely affect the biosorption performance; pH
5.0 is found to be an optimum pH for favorable biosorption of La (III) and Ce
(III). The biosorption of lanthanum and cerium was investigated by the
Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. Maximum
biosorption uptakes, according to the Langmuir model, were obtained as 154.86
and 162.79 (mg/g) for La(III) and Ce(III), respectively. The biosorption
kinetic was tested with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models.
The results showed that the kinetic of biosorption process was described by
the pseudo-second order model very well. Thermodynamic parameters including
the change of Gibbs free energy (?G?), enthalpy change (?H?) and entropy
change (?S?) for both sorption systems were determined at four different
temperatures. The results showed that the biosorption of La(III) and Ce(III)
on tangerine (C. reticulate) peel is a spontaneous and endothermic process.
FTIR analysis demonstrated that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were involved in
the biosorption of the metal ions.
Euro-Asian security integrations and security of the Balkans and Serbia
Authors: Djukanovic Dragan , Gajic Dejan
Published: May 2012

The authors analyze the range of security integrations in the post-Soviet
area and their impact on security of the broader Euro-Asian region, the
Balkans and Serbia. In that regard, they point to the main organizational
aspects of security co-operation in the Euro-Asian space that have primarily
resulted from the autochthonous initiatives from the states in the region
within which they plan or develop specific common forces. The most
significant results have been achieved within the Collective Security
Organization (CSTO) that was established on the initiative of Russia and a
part of the former Soviet Republics, as well as within the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization (SCO), which was established on the initiative of
Russia and China. Special emphasis in the paper is given to the security
aspects of acting of the organizations mentioned above and their influence on
Serbia and the Balkans, taking into consideration, above all, energy
security.
The efficacy of the interventional health education program for oral health improvement in school children
Authors: Lalic Maja , Aleksic Ema , Gajic Mihajlo , Milic Jasmina , Malesevic Djoka
Published: May 2012

Introduction. Dental caries and gingivitis are common in school children
although they can be prevented through the health education and application
of preventive measures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence
of caries, gingivitis and orthodontic irregularities in school children and
to assess the efficacy of health education program in relation to the plaque
and gingivitis control as well as caries treatment. Material and Methods.
This study included 56 second grade students with early mixed dentition and
56 seventh grade students with permanent dentition, from elementary school
?Borislav Petrov Braca? in Pancevo. DMFT/dmft index, Plaque index (PI)
according to Sillness-L?e, and the prevalence of gingivitis and orthodontic
anomalies were determined by clinical examination. The Interventional Program
included oral hygiene education and the application of prophylactic measures.
At one and six months follow-ups, PI, gingival health and changes in
DMFT/dmft structure were reexamined. Results. Gingivitis was recorded in
78.56% of II and 50% of VII grade students. In the II grade students, mean
DMFT was 1.36?1.41, and dmft 5.07?2.66. In the VII grade students mean DMFT
was 4.36?3.34. The most common orthodontic anomalies were narrow maxilla,
deep bite and distal bite. After six months of conducting the Program,
reduction of gingivitis and number of carious teeth in DMFT/dmft structure as
well as oral hygiene improvement were achieved in both age groups.
Conclusion. Oral hygiene, dental status and the prevalence of orthodontic
anomalies in school children indicate the necessity to intensify preventive
measures. Health education programs contribute to improvement of oral health
and increase motivation for self-care in children.
Dental health estimation for children age twelve and fifteen
Authors: Davidovic Bojana , Ivanovic Mirjana , Jankovic Svjetlana
Published: May 2012

Introduction. The problem of chronic diseases such as caries is very complex
because it appears very early in life, often during childhood. The number of
involved people is growing as well as the number of affected teeth and
surfaces that eventually lead to teeth loss. The aim of this study was to
determine the dental status of adolescents age 12 and 15 in three
municipalities in Bosnia, Foca, Cajnice and Kalinovik. Material and methods.
The study included 506 school children both genders of six schools in three
municipalities (Foca, Cajnice and Kalinovik). Teeth examination and criteria
for diagnosis and coding were estimated based of criteria of the European
Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). To estimate dental health DMFT index
[number of carious teeth (D), missing (M) and filled teeth (F)] and related
indices (Person Caries Index, Teeth Caries Index, Average Caries Index and
DMFT structure) were used. Results. Dental health status and caries
prevalence were presented through the values of the Average Caries Index. The
value of Average Caries Index for examined children was 6.17. Of all examined
children 96.05% of them had at least one carious tooth. The average value of
Teeth Caries Index was 23.04%. Conclusion. Dental health of the children in
the examined region was characterized by high values of untreated carious
teeth as well as the other components of DMFT index. Therefore, preventive
measures and primary dental care must be implemented better among school
children.
Evidence on the Association between Financial Restatements and Auditor Resignations
Authors: Huang Ying , Scholz Susan
Published: May 2012

SYNOPSIS

Financial restatements have significant implications for auditor-client relationships. We estimate that a restatement increases the odds of an auditor resignation dramatically. Restatements involving fraud, reversing profit to loss, and those disclosed in press releases appear to drive the increased resignation likelihood. Furthermore, companies with relatively severe restatements are more likely to hire smaller auditors following a resignation. Collectively, these results are consistent with auditors interpreting restatements as an indication of increased client risk.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the text.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Rajpathak Swapnil N. , He Meian , Sun Qi , Kaplan Robert C. , Muzumdar Radhika , Rohan Thomas E. , Gunter Marc J. , Pollak Michael , Kim Mimi , Pessin Jeffrey E. , Beasley Jeannette , Wylie-Rosett Judith , Hu Frank B. , Strickler Howard D.
Published: May 2012

IGF-I shares structural homology and in vitro metabolic activity with insulin. Laboratory models suggest that IGF-I and its binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 have potentially beneficial effects on diabetes risk, whereas IGFBP-3 may have adverse effects. We therefore conducted a prospective nested case-control investigation of incident diabetes (n = 742 case subjects matched 1:1 to control subjects) and its associations with IGF-axis protein levels in the Nurses’ Health Study, a cohort of middle-aged women. The median time to diabetes was 9 years. Statistical analyses were adjusted for multiple risk factors, including insulin and C-reactive protein. Diabetes risk was fivefold lower among women with baseline IGFBP-2 levels in the top versus bottom quintile (odds ratio [OR]q5–q1 = 0.17 [95% CI 0.08–0.35]; P trend < 0.0001) and was also negatively associated with IGFBP-1 levels (ORq5–q1 = 0.37 [0.18–0.73]; P trend = 0.0009). IGFBP-3 was positively associated with diabetes (ORq5–q1 = 2.05 [1.20–3.51]; P trend = 0.002). Diabetes was not associated with total IGF-I levels, but free IGF-I and diabetes had a significant association that varied (P interaction = 0.003) by insulin levels above the median (ORq5–q1 = 0.48 [0.26–0.90]; P trend = 0.0001) versus below the median (ORq5–q1 = 2.52 [1.05–6.06]; P trend < 0.05). Thus, this prospective study found strong associations of incident diabetes with baseline levels of three IGFBPs and free IGF-I, consistent with hypotheses that the IGF axis might influence diabetes risk.