bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Phonemic Awareness Instruction Provided to Children Suspected of Having a Reading Disability
Authors: Rehfeld David M. , Kirkpatrick Marie , O'Guinn Nicole , Renbarger Rachel
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The present meta-analysis sought to investigate the effects of phonemic awareness instruction provided to children suspected of having a reading disability.

Method:

Seven databases were systematically searched, and 1,643 unique manuscripts were reviewed for inclusion. Data were extracted from 138 included manuscripts to evaluate the use of phonemic awareness instruction with children suspected of having a reading disability. A random effects model was then used to conduct a meta-analysis of these data with regard to child outcomes.

Results:

Gains in this population associated with phonemic awareness instruction can vary as a function of the outcome being used. On average, phonemic awareness instruction had a medium effect on composite (
g
= 0.511) and segmentation (
g
= 0.571) outcomes and a small effect on outcomes measuring blending (
g
= 0.341), first sound identification (
g
= 0.428), and deletion (
g
= 0.248). Instruction effects were strongest in kindergarten and first grade, but positive outcomes were also found for older children. There was not a significant relationship between cumulative intervention intensity and child performance.

Conclusions:

The present meta-analysis confirms that phonemic awareness instruction can be effective with children of varying ages and that significant gains can be observed on the key outcome measures of segmentation and blending. Graphemes should be incorporated into phonemic awareness instruction, and future studies need to provide information on dosage beyond just the length and frequency of sessions to clarify which aspects of these interventions are most efficient.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20277714
An embedded vertical‐federated feature selection algorithm based on particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Hu Ying , Gao Xiaozhi , Gong Dunwei , Guo Yinan , Gao Kaizhou , Zhang Wanqiu
Published: July 2022

In real life, a large amount of data describing the same learning task may be stored in different institutions (called participants), and these data cannot be shared among participants due to privacy protection. The case that different attributes/features of the same instance are stored in different institutions is called vertically distributed data. The purpose of vertical‐federated feature selection (FS) is to reduce the feature dimension of vertical distributed data jointly without sharing local original data so that the feature subset obtained has the same or better performance as the original feature set. To solve this problem, in the paper, an embedded vertical‐federated FS algorithm based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO‐EVFFS) is proposed by incorporating evolutionary FS into the SecureBoost framework for the first time. By optimising both hyper‐parameters of the XGBoost model and feature subsets, PSO‐EVFFS can obtain a feature subset, which makes the XGBoost model more accurate. At the same time, since different participants only share insensitive parameters such as model loss function, PSO‐EVFFS can effectively ensure the privacy of participants' data. Moreover, an ensemble ranking strategy of feature importance based on the XGBoost tree model is developed to effectively remove irrelevant features on each participant. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to 10 test datasets and compared with three typical vertical‐federated learning frameworks and two variants of the proposed algorithm with different initialisation strategies. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the classification performance of selected feature subsets while fully protecting the data privacy of all participants.
High efficiency single‐pulse controlled switched reluctance motor drive based on novel multilevel converter
Authors: Cai Yan , Liu Hao , Liu Yunhu , Wan Yaohua , Dong Zhongshan
Published: July 2022

Due to the high back electromotive force and short commutation time at high speed, the phase current of switched reluctance motor (SRM) is difficult to reach a large value, which limits the output performance of the motor in high‐speed operation. This paper proposes a novel multilevel converter (MLC) with fast excitation and fast demagnetisation capability, which allows each phase to control independently even in overlapping conduction operation and is suitable for SRM with any number of phases. The excitation current in the rising inductance region is increased by high‐voltage fast excitation, thus increasing the phase current level of the motor at high speed; the current tailing in the falling inductance region is suppressed by high‐voltage fast demagnetisation, thereby reducing the generation of negative torque. Based on the novel MLC, a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy is designed, and closed‐loop control of the boost capacitor voltage is developed. By optimising control, the output torque and efficiency of switched reluctance motor drive (SRD) are greatly improved, and the constant power operation range is extended. Simulation study and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Hierarchical zinc oxide nanobrushes ultraviolet photodetector
Authors: Alenezi Mohammad R. , Almeshal Abdullah M. , Alkhaledi Abdullah NFNR.
Published: July 2022

In order to synthesise hierarchical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, a well‐controlled multistage hydrothermal method was developed. Hierarchical ZnO nanobrushes (ZNBs) built from initial mono‐morphological nanomaterials, ZnO nanowires (ZNWs), and ZnO nanoplates (ZNPs) were developed using sequential nucleation and growth following a hydrothermal process. Hierarchical nanomaterials which are comprised of one‐dimensional (1D) nanowire building blocks were obtained via a zinc ion source (zinc nitrate) during the second growth phase. In comparison to their first mono‐morphological equivalents, the hierarchical nanomaterials which were grown showed improved ultraviolet (UV) detection, as well as improved sensitivity (∼104), an ultra‐fast response time (235 ms), and a good recovery time (310 ms). Improvements to the response and recovery times were a result of distinct nanojunction barrier‐dominated resistance. Moreover, the enhanced sensitivity of the ZNB photodetector (PD) was because of the reduced dimensionality and the ultrahigh surface‐to‐volume ratio. This work lays the groundwork for lower‐cost, larger‐scale, and lower‐temperature production of high‐performance nanostructured ZnO‐based PDs on transparent and flexible substrates.
Transactive energy revolution: Innovative leverage for reliable operation of modern energy networks—A critical review
Authors: Kabiri‐Renani Yahya , Daneshvar Mohammadreza , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam
Published: July 2022

The electric industry is developing towards a more efficient, reliable, and resilient electric power network. In this way, utilizing distributed energy resources (DERs), especially renewable DERs (RDERs) are a paradigm change. DERs offer many advantages in power systems, including transmission loss reduction, environmental benefits of RDERs, and enhancement of security, reliability, and resiliency of the network. However, high penetration of DERs increases uncertainty and challenges the efficient and reliable operation of the power system. This paper provides a thorough review of the transactive distribution platform which is essential to address the aforementioned challenges. This distribution platform includes a transactive distribution system operator providing a seamless and coordinated control to dynamically balance supply and demand and follow uncertain generations of RDERs. Indeed, this review paper highlights the capability of transactive energy (TE) by considering its key aspect in providing energy sharing opportunities for the integration of DERs into smart grids (SGs). TE is acombination of economic and control methods that enable optimum, reliable, sustainable, and efficient operation of SGs. Furthermore, a fully transactive framework offers more choices for DERs to control and manage the energy transactions in the retail market, as well as improves the inter operability among various market players.
Cloud data center participation in smart demand response programs for energy cost minimisation
Authors: Sheikholeslami Seyed Mohammad , Rabiei Amir Masoud , Mohammad‐Taheri Mahmoud , Abouei Jamshid
Published: July 2022

Demand Response Programs (DRPs) in Smart Grid (SG) are designed to encourage consumers to shift their loads to regions and hours with less load stress by alternating the price of electricity. On the other hand, with the emergence of cloud computing, the demand for cloud data centres increases resulting in high energy costs. In this paper, we address the problem of cloud data centre demand response in an SG area in presence of utility companies which compete to attract more customers. We formulate two optimization problems for cloud and data centres to minimise their costs by changing their energy demand. These problems are shown to be convex and can be readily solved by standard convex optimization techniques. We also propose an algorithm for cloud and data centres to participate in DRPs by concurrently performing regional and temporal workload management. The uncertainty of renewable energy generation in data centres is treated by training a multilayer perceptron to predict the generated energy. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing algorithms in terms of the energy cost. In addition, our algorithm flattens the energy demand profile of utility companies and balances the electric load across different locations.
Current sensor fault‐tolerant control strategy for surface‐permanent‐magnet‐synchronous motor drives based on improved full‐order sliding‐mode observer
Authors: Khlaief Amor , Saadaoui Oussama , Abassi Moez , Chaari Abdelkader
Published: July 2022

This paper exhibits a sensorless speed control method based on full‐order‐sliding‐mode observer applied to a fault‐tolerant permanent‐magnet‐synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. So, this paper proposes a rapid method of fault switch detection in the power converters aiming to make sure of the continuity of service despite the fault presence of an opening phase. In fact, the full‐order‐sliding‐mode observer (FO‐SMO) observer is used to replace the mechanical sensor and a redundant inverter leg is equally employed to replace the faulty leg. The proposed new fast fault diagnosis method has the features of a simple algorithm, independent of the transient states and being simply integrated without any additional sensors.
Half-sibling regression meets exoplanet imaging: PSF modeling and subtraction using a flexible, domain knowledge-driven, causal framework
Authors: Gebhard Timothy D. , Bonse Markus J. , Quanz Sascha P. , Schölkopf Bernhard
Published: July 2022

Context.High-contrast imaging of exoplanets hinges on powerful post-processing methods to denoise the data and separate the signal of a companion from its host star, which is typically orders of magnitude brighter.

Aims.Existing post-processing algorithms do not use all prior domain knowledge that is available about the problem. We propose a new method that builds on our understanding of the systematic noise and the causal structure of the data-generating process.

Methods.Our algorithm is based on a modified version of half-sibling regression (HSR), a flexible denoising framework that combines ideas from the fields of machine learning and causality. We adapted the method to address the specific requirements of high-contrast exoplanet imaging data obtained in pupil tracking mode. The key idea is to estimate the systematic noise in a pixel by regressing the time series of this pixel onto a set of causally independent, signal-free predictor pixels. We use regularized linear models in this work; however, other (nonlinear) models are also possible. In a second step, we demonstrate how the HSR framework allows us to incorporate observing conditions such as wind speed or air temperature as additional predictors.

Results.When we applied our method to four data sets from the VLT/NACO instrument, our algorithm provided a better false-positive fraction than a popular baseline method in the field. Additionally, we found that the HSR-based method provides direct and accurate estimates for the contrast of the exoplanets without the need to insert artificial companions for calibration in the data sets. Finally, we present a first piece of evidence that using the observing conditions as additional predictors can improve the results.

Conclusions.Our HSR-based method provides an alternative, flexible, and promising approach to the challenge of modeling and subtracting the stellar PSF and systematic noise in exoplanet imaging data.
Identifying quiescent compact objects in massive Galactic single-lined spectroscopic binaries
Authors: Mahy L. , Sana H. , Shenar T. , Sen K. , Langer N. , Marchant P. , Abdul-Masih M. , Banyard G. , Bodensteiner J. , Bowman D. M. , Dsilva K. , Fabry M. , Hawcroft C. , Janssens S. , Van Reeth T. , Eldridge C.
Published: July 2022

Context. The quest to detect dormant stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in massive binaries (i.e. OB+BH systems) is challenging; only a few candidates have been claimed to date, all of which must still be confirmed.

Aims. To search for these rare objects, we study 32 Galactic O-type stars that were reported as single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1s) in the literature. In our sample we include Cyg X-1, which is known to host an accreting stellar-mass BH, and HD 74194, a supergiant fast X-ray transient, in order to validate our methodology. The final goal is to characterise the nature of the unseen companions to determine if they are main-sequence (MS) stars, stripped helium stars, triples, or compact objects such as neutron stars (NSs) or stellar-mass BHs.

Methods. After measuring radial velocities and deriving orbital solutions for all the systems in our sample, we performed spectral disentangling to extract putative signatures of faint secondary companions from the composite spectra. We derived stellar parameters for the visible stars and estimated the mass ranges of the secondary stars using the binary mass function. Variability observed in the photometric TESS light curves was also searched for indications of the presence of putative companions, degenerate or not.

Results. In 17 of the 32 systems reported as SB1s, we extract secondary signatures, down to mass ratios of ∼0.15. For the 17 newly detected double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s), we derive physical properties of the individual components and discuss why they have not been detected as such before. Among the remaining systems, we identify nine systems with possible NS or low-mass MS companions. For Cyg X-1 and HD 130298, we are not able to extract any signatures for the companions, and the minimum masses of their companions are estimated to be about 7 M⊙. Our simulations show that secondaries with such a mass should be detectable from our dataset, no matter their nature: MS stars, stripped helium stars or even triples. While this is expected for Cyg X-1, confirming our methodology, our simulations also strongly suggest that HD 130298 could be another candidate to host a stellar-mass BH.

Conclusions. The quest to detect dormant stellar-mass BHs in massive binaries is far from over, and many more systems need to be scrutinised. Our analysis allows us to detect good candidates, but confirming the BH nature of their companions will require further dedicated monitorings, sophisticated analysis techniques, and multi-wavelength observations.
Jet kinematics in the transversely stratified jet of 3C 84
Authors: Paraschos G. F. , Krichbaum T. P. , Kim J.-Y. , Hodgson J. A. , Oh J. , Ros E. , Zensus J. A. , Marscher A. P. , Jorstad S. G. , Gurwell M. A. , Lähteenmäki A. , Tornikoski M. , Kiehlmann S. , Readhead A. C. S.
Published: July 2022

3C 84 (NGC 1275) is one of the brightest radio sources in the millimetre radio bands, which led to a plethora of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at numerous frequencies over the years. They reveal a two-sided jet structure, with an expanding but not well-collimated parsec-scale jet, pointing southward. High-resolution millimetre-VLBI observations allow the study and imaging of the jet base on a sub-parsec scale. This could facilitate the investigation of the nature of the jet origin, also in view of the previously detected two-railed jet structure and east-west oriented core region seen withRadioAstronat 22 GHz. We produced VLBI images of this core and inner jet region, observed over the past twenty years at 15, 43, and 86 GHz. We determined the kinematics of the inner jet and ejected features at 43 and 86 GHz and compared their ejection times with radio andγ-ray variability. For the moving jet features, we find an average velocity ofβappavg = 0.055−0.22c (μavg = 0.04 − 0.18 mas yr−1). From the time-averaged VLBI images at the three frequencies, we measured the transverse jet width along the bulk flow. On the ≤1.5 parsec scale, we find a clear trend of the jet width being frequency dependent, with the jet being narrower at higher frequencies. This stratification is discussed in the context of a spine-sheath scenario, and we compare it to other possible interpretations. From quasi-simultaneous observations at 43 and 86 GHz, we obtain spectral index maps, revealing a time-variable orientation of the spectral index gradient due to structural variability of the inner jet.
Research on the carbon emission regulation and optimal state of market structure: Based on the perspective of evolutionary game of different stages
Authors: Sun Hao , Gao Guangkuo
Published: July 2022

In the background of green and low-carbon development, many enterprises still have illegal emission behaviors to obtain excess revenue. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to restrain the illegal emission behaviors of enterprises through external supervision. This paper mainly studies the regulatory system composed of government and enterprises. We divide the regulation into two phases: loose regulation and strict regulation, analyzed the impact of government regulatory intensity on carbon emission behavior enterprises and industry market structure through the evolutionary game model. The results show that with the increase of the intensity of government supervision, leading enterprises will gradually complete the transformation and upgrading from low carbon to compliant production. The leading enterprises with low carbon technology have strengthened their dominant position in the market, while the enterprises without low carbon technology are constrained by carbon emissions and can only continue to stay in the industry market by buying carbon emission rights or exiting the market. The industry market structure gradually changed from a decentralized competition structure to a centralized oligopoly structure.
The Cross-Bar Technique for Pectus Excavatum Repair: A Key Element for Remodeling of the Entire Chest Wall
Authors: Hyun Kwanyong , Park Hyung Joo
Published: July 2022

Introduction The multiple bar approach was developed to cover broader and heavier teenager/adult chest wall deformities. We designed the cross-bar technique to achieve remodeling of the entire chest wall. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of cross-bar and its benefits over the parallel bar.

Materials and Methods The cross-bar technique involves placing two bars diagonally and then cross on the target. The primary purposes are to double the lifting forces by making two bars converge on a single target to lift inflexible heavy chest wall depressions or cover lower lateral areas. The results of the cross-bar and parallel bar are compared for the indications, postrepair outcomes, and complications.

Results From 2016 to 2019, 247 patients who underwent multiple bar pectus excavatum (PE) repair were enrolled in the study: 157 with cross-bar and 90 with parallel bar. In the cross-bar group, 33% (51/157) received three bars in XI fashion to cover the upper depression. The cross-bar group was older (18.0 ± 6.1 vs. 15.7 ± 5.0), had higher depression index (1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 1.8 ± 0.3), and was less asymmetric (45% vs. 71%) than those in the parallel bar group. The overall complication rates were not different between the two groups (9.6% vs. 10%, p = 1.0), although the cross-bar group was more rigid and complex. There was no bar displacement or reoperation in both groups.

Conclusion The cross-bar technique is as safe and effective as the parallel-bar technique, even though it was selected to correct more complexities. The cross-bar technique could be a method for complex PE deformities for remodeling of the entire chest wall.
Does Obesity Aggravate Climacteric Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women?
Authors: Costa Juliene Gonçalves , Rodrigues Raquel Moreira , Puga Guilherme Morais , Cheik Nádia Carla
Published: July 2022

Objective To determine if there is a correlation between body mass index (BMI) and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods The study sample was composed of 109 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 57 ±  8 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 30 ±  6 kg/m2, and 8 ±  8 years after menopause. For the assessment of the climacteric symptoms, the Blatt-Kupperman Index (BKI), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), and the Cervantes Scale (CS) were used. Data analysis was performed through the Chi-squared test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test, and multiple linear regression. The level of significance adopted was of p < 0.05. The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 26.0.

Results The multiple linear regression showed a positive association (p < 0.01) between BMI values and menopause symptoms when adjusted for age and time after menopause in the 3 questionnaires used (BKI: B = 0.432; CS: B = 304; and MRS: B = 302). Regarding symptom scores, the obese women had higher mean scores (p < 0.05) when compared to eutrophic women (BKI = 28 ±  10 and 20 ±  10; and MRS = 20 ±  10 and 13 ±  7, respectively). In the Chi-squared analysis, 28% of obese women had severe symptoms and 46% had moderate symptoms, while only 1% and 46% of eutrophic women had these same symptoms.

Conclusion There is an association between BMI and climacteric symptoms, and overweight or obese women have more intense and moderate symptoms than eutrophic women.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Autologous Hamstring Single- versus Double-Bundle Graft: A Prospective Study with 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Yela-Verdú Christian , Ares Oscar , Albareda Daniel , Oller Bárbara , Sallent Andrea , Jornet-Gibert Montsant , Amillo Juan R.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and subjective outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using an autologous hamstring double bundle (DB) with a single bundle (SB) after a 10-year follow-up. A prospective comparative cohort study was performed of 47 consecutive patients with ACL rupture included between May 2006 and March 2008. Inclusion criteria were less than 2 years since the injury date, no previous surgery on the affected knee, and having closed growth plates. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) SB group (n = 25) and (2) DB group (n = 22). Patients underwent evaluation before surgery and at 1 and 10 years postoperatively. The clinical evaluation included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Questionnaire, pivot shift test, and single hop test, as well as X-rays (anterior drawer X-rays on a Telos stress radiography). Range of motion (ROM) was assessed at 10-year follow-up. Both groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. Post hoc power analysis showed that among 30 and 226 patients would be needed for statistical significance, depending on the outcome. With the numbers available, no significant differences were observed in subjective IKDC, anterior stability (measured with Telos), and functional test outcomes (single hop test) between both groups at 1 and 10 years postoperatively. Regarding rotational instability (pivot-shift test), DB group was significantly superior (p = 0.002). Regarding ROM, no significant differences were observed between groups. No failure was registered in any of the groups. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with an autologous hamstring, both with bundles and DB, shows overall better outcomes compared with the status before surgery. DB ACLR provides better rotational control of the knee, an outcome that is maintained after 10 years.
Metal Artifact Reduction Dual-Energy CT as an Accurate and Reliable Method for Measuring Total Knee Arthroplasty Femoral Component Rotation Compared to Conventional CT
Authors: Park Chankue , Lee Sang-Min , Seo Jae Seung , Kim Tae Woo , Rhee Seung Joon , Jeong Hee Seok
Published: July 2022

This article determines the accuracy and reliability of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with metal artifact reduction (MAR) in the evaluation of femoral component rotation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), in comparison with conventional CT images. A total of 49 patients (mean age, 69 years; 42 women) who underwent TKA between January 2019 and March 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. Femoral component rotation, including the anatomic and surgical transepicondylar axes, was evaluated with preoperative conventional CT and postoperative conventional CT and DECT with MAR. Surgical femoral component rotation was also assessed as a reference standard. Accuracy was assessed using paired t-test, and inter- and intraobserver reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on postoperative conventional CT and DECT with MAR. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Knee Society objective and functional scores. Accuracy of femoral component rotation was not significantly different from that of surgical rotation with both conventional CT and DECT with MAR. However, inter- and intraobserver reliability were better for DECT with MAR (ICC: 0.953–0.966) than for conventional CT (ICC: 0.641–0.749). The Knee Society objective and functional scores improved 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion DECT with MAR showed accurate and more reliable results than did conventional CT in the evaluation of femoral component rotation after TKA.
Differences in Outcomes between Patellar Dislocations Managed in Emergent versus Non-Emergent Care Settings
Authors: Cook Chad E. , Saad Mohammad , Tucker Christopher J. , Min Kyong S. , Westrick Richard B. , Rhon Daniel I.
Published: July 2022

Patellar dislocations occur at a much higher rate in military than civilian populations. Past population-level studies have shown that surgical management is as good as or superior to conservative care and may reduce future reoccurrences. Although in acute cases and in civilian clinics, patellar dislocations are usually managed first in an emergent care setting, previous work suggests this can lead to increased costs. This study compared differences in downstream care type and intensity of services based on whether initial care occurred in emergent or non-emergent care settings. In our sample of 1,523 Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries with patellar dislocation and 2-year follow-up, we found non-significant differences in costs, intensity of services, and rates of surgical repair regardless of whether the patient was initially seen in an emergent versus non-emergent care setting. Although we found significant increases in the use of imaging, patellar dislocation-related medical visits, and frequency of closed treatment approaches in emergent care settings, these values were very small and likely not clinically significant. These findings, which included all the patellar dislocations reported across the entire MHS in a 24-month period, suggest that neither emergent nor non-emergent care settings are likely to influence the long-term care received by the individual.
Basilar Invagination in a Cat with Incomplete Ossification of the Atlas Treated by C1-C2 Arthrodesis
Authors: Fontalba-Navas Jose Luis , Rodríguez-Gómez Victoria , Calvo Ignacio , Mateo-Pampliega Isidro
Published: July 2022

Basilar invagination is a poorly described condition in veterinary medicine where the tip of the odontoid process projects into a normal foramen magnum. This report describes the clinical, radiological, and surgical treatment of a basilar invagination associated with instability of the atlantoaxial joint due to an incomplete ossification of the atlas in a cat. At presentation, the clinical signs included obtundation and non-ambulatory tetraparesis with postural reaction deficits in hindlimbs and left forelimb. Radiographic examination revealed cranial displacement of the axis with the dens impinging the basioccipital bone, and computed tomography confirmed the impaction of the axis on the atlas due to an incomplete ossification of the left half of the neural arch with the intercentrum. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed severe spinal cord compression and myelopathy at this level. The cat underwent surgery for atlantoaxial arthrodesis using a ventral approach to C1-C2. Recovery after surgery was uneventful. Follow-up a year after surgery finds the cat free of neurological signs. An incomplete ossification of the atlas can lead to atlantoaxial instability and basilar invagination in the cat. Diagnosis can be made based on its radiological characteristics, the cranial displacement of the odontoid process in contact with the basioccipital bone being its main feature. This case was successfully treated by atlantoaxial arthrodesis.
Nativism, civic nationalism and the malleability of voter attitudes
Authors: Kefford Glenn , Moffitt Benjamin , Werner Annika
Published: July 2022

Nativism is one of the defining phenomena of the contemporary era. Yet, we know little about how malleable citizen attitudes associated with nativism and nationalism are to priming effects when media frames which deal with key issues such as immigration are introduced. In this article, we present the findings from a survey experiment fielded to a nationally representative sample of voters in Australia in May 2019. In it, we explore whether the attitudes of voters for different political parties can be primed by introducing two contrasting media frames to measure these effects. We find positive and negative frames have no effect on the attitudes of voters for Australia’s populist radical right party, but that the former has an effect on centre-right voters in Australia. Such findings have important implications for our understanding of political communication and the malleability of political attitudes.
Reducing echo state network size with controllability matrices
Authors: Whiteaker Brian , Gerstoft Peter
Published: July 2022

Echo state networks are a fast training variant of recurrent neural networks excelling at approximating nonlinear dynamical systems and time series prediction. These machine learning models act as nonlinear fading memory filters. While these models benefit from quick training and low complexity, computation demands from a large reservoir matrix are a bottleneck. Using control theory, a reduced size replacement reservoir matrix is found. Starting from a large, task-effective reservoir matrix, we form a controllability matrix whose rank indicates the active sub-manifold and candidate replacement reservoir size. Resulting time speed-ups and reduced memory usage come with minimal error increase to chaotic climate reconstruction or short term prediction. Experiments are performed on simple time series signals and the Lorenz-1963 and Mackey–Glass complex chaotic signals. Observing low error models shows variation of active rank and memory along a sequence of predictions.
Research on coaxial transit time oscillator with low magnetic field and high efficiency
Authors: Zhang Peng , Dang Fangchao , Ge Xingjun , Deng Rujin , Wang Lei , Shu Ting , He Juntao
Published: July 2022

An improved X-band coaxial transit time oscillator is proposed in this paper. First, the device uses a non-uniform three-gap modulation cavity to improve the clustering of electron beams under a low magnetic field and to increase the depth of the fundamental current modulation. The operating mode of the modulation cavity is the 2π/3 mode of TM01. Second, the dual-cavity extraction structure works in π mode, which can continuously and intensively extract the electron beam energy. The physical characteristics of the device are studied through simulation and experiment. The experimental results indicate that the high power microwave with a frequency of 8.38 GHz and a power of 1.78 GW is generated when the diode voltage is 520 kV and the guiding magnetic field is 0.65 T, yielding a pulse width of 27 ns and an efficiency of 32%.
Long-term cultured microvascular networks on chip for tumor vascularization research and drug testing
Authors: Zhang Ke , Du Zhichang , Yuan Tianying , Huang Jiajun , Zhao Xiaoyu , Mi Shengli
Published: July 2022

The vascular structure of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the process of metastasis. In vitro microvascular structures that can be maintained for a long time will greatly promote metastasis research. In this study, we constructed a mimicking breast cancer invasion model based on a microfluidic chip platform, and the maintenance time of the self-assembled microvascular networks significantly improved by culturing with fibroblasts (up to 13 days). Using this model, we quantified the invasion ability of breast cancer cells and angiogenesis sprouts caused by cancer cells, and the intravasation behavior of cancer cells was also observed in sprouts. We found that cancer cells could significantly cause angiogenesis by promoting sprouting behaviors of the self-assembled human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which, in turn, promoted the invasion behavior of cancer cells. The drug test results showed that the drug resistance of the widely used anti-cancer drugs 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Doxorubicin (DOX) in the 3D model was higher than that in the 2D model. Meanwhile, we also proved that 5-FU and DOX had the effect of destroying tumor blood vessels. The anti-angiogenic drug Apatinib (VEGFR inhibitor) enhanced the drug effect of DOX on MDA-MB-231 cells, further proving the promoting effect of angiogenesis on the invasion ability of cancer cells. These results indicate that our model is of great value in reconstructing TME and drug testing in vitro.
High voltage pulser for ion shutters in ion mobility spectrometry based on an optocoupler
Authors: Chantipmanee Nattapong , Boillat Marc-Aurèle , Hauser Peter C.
Published: July 2022

A novel high voltage pulser for an ion shutter used in drift-tube ion-mobility spectrometers is described. The simple design suitable for the in-house construction of these spectrometers relies on a special optocoupler to isolate the triggering circuitry from the high voltage at the ion shutter. The device was tested with an electrospray-ionization ion-mobility device with a 10 cm drift tube operated at 4 kV into which a standard test mixture of four tetraalkylamines was injected with a negative going gating pulse of about 50 V on top of 4 kV. A fall time of 15.7 µs and a rise time of 2.0 µs were determined for the pulse, which was adequate for the required injection pulse width of 450 µs. Resolving powers between 61 and 81 were determined for the four quaternary amines, which were found to be comparable to the performance obtained with a previously reported pulser circuitry of a different design used as a reference.
Room temperature emission spectroscopy of GeSn waveguides under optical pumping
Authors: Li Z. , Zhao Y. , Gallagher J. D. , Lombardo D. , Sarangan A. , Agha Imad , Kouvetakis J. , Menéndez J. , Mathews J.
Published: July 2022

Waveguides were fabricated from highly n-type doped GeSn layers with Sn content at 5.4%–6.2% and grown on Ge-buffered Si substrates. The waveguides were optically pumped using a 976 nm continuous-wave laser, and the waveguide emission spectrum was collected and analyzed. The results indicate a non-linear power increase via higher injection-level at room temperature. Comprehensive theoretical models for the waveguide emission power dependence were developed to reproduce experimental data and provide an understanding of the nonlinear power dependence.
A non-trivial PT-symmetric continuum Hamiltonian and its eigenstates and eigenvalues
Authors: Mead Lawrence R. , Lee Sungwook , Garfinkle David
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a non-trivial system governed by a continuum PT-symmetric Hamiltonian is discussed. We show that this Hamiltonian is iso-spectral to the simple harmonic oscillator. We find its eigenfunctions and the path in the complex plane along which these functions form an orthonormal set. We also find the hidden symmetry operator, C, for this system. All calculations are performed analytically and without approximation.
Turbulent channel flow controlled by traveling-wave-like body force mimicking oscillating thin films
Authors: Yamamoto R. , Morita J. , Mamori H. , Miyazaki T. , Hara S.
Published: July 2022

To improve energy efficiency, flow control techniques for skin-friction drag and heat transfer with regard to wall turbulence are essential. This study performs direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows. The traveling-wave-like body force is employed as the flow control technique to break the similarity between momentum and heat transfer. The traveling wave control mimics the self-excited thin film in the corresponding experimental study. When the wave traveled slowly along the downstream direction, the skin-friction drag, heat transfer, and analogy factor were found to increase. Moreover, these parameters increased with an increase in the reference height of the traveling wave (hw). Flow visualization shows turbulence enhancement owing to the increase in hw. Three-component decomposition elucidates the difference between the control effect on the Reynolds shear stress and the turbulent heat flux.
A simple technique for evaluating dipole moments of Bloch states in tetrahedral semiconductors
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B.
Published: July 2022

Permanent dipole moments of electronic states in non-centrosymmetric materials play a pivotal role in many phenomena. Correctly evaluating them presents an arduous task and usually requires full knowledge of the band structure as well as understanding the intricate concepts of Berry curvature. Here, we show that in a few cases (e.g., zinc blende and wurtzite) a rather facile first-principle analytical derivation of the permanent dipole moments using L’Hôpital’s rule can be performed, and the values and dispersion of these dipoles near high symmetry points can be found using just a couple of widely available material parameters. The results will hopefully contribute to better understanding of shift currents, optical rectification, and other electro-optical phenomena.
Non-Hermitian skin effect in a phononic beam based on piezoelectric feedback control
Authors: Jin Yabin , Zhong Wenxin , Cai Runcheng , Zhuang Xiaoying , Pennec Yan , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram
Published: July 2022

Non-Hermitian systems have gained a great deal of interest in various wave problems due their ability of exhibiting unprecedented phenomena such as invisibility, cloaking, enhanced sensing, or the skin effect. The latter manifests itself by the localization of all bulk modes in a specific frequency range at a given boundary, with an unconventional bulk-boundary correspondence. In this work, we propose to realize the skin effect for flexural waves in a non-Hermitian piezoelectric phononic beam with feedback control between a sensor and an actuator in each unit cell. By implementing a non-Hermitian parameter, effective gain and loss can be achieved in the phononic beam characterized by complex eigen frequencies, and non-reciprocal pass bands are obtained. We highlight that the split point separating the gain and loss areas can occur not only at the edges of the Brillouin zones but also inside the same Brillouin zone. We further analyze the influence of the geometric and non-Hermitian parameters on the complex dispersions and the split point. The topology of the complex bands is characterized by the winding number, which supports the skin effect together with the non-reciprocity. The localization degree of the skin mode manifested by the enhanced beam's vibration energy at one boundary is related to the strength of the non-reciprocity, and the skin mode can be always excited regardless of the source position. Our results provide a potential platform to introduce non-Hermiticity into phononic or metamaterial systems with novel functions for elastic waves such as topological insulators, vibration attenuation or amplification, and energy harvesting.
Experimental investigation on the development features of a gas jet on the surface of a vertical moving body with a constant volume chamber
Authors: Gan Ning , Liu Yuanqing , Yao Xiongliang , Chen Yingyu , Ma Guihui , Cui Xiongwei
Published: July 2022

Based on the motivation of trajectory stabilization using a stable air layer generated by multi-point injection, the dynamic behaviors of a bubble exhausted from a single-hole have been studied experimentally. The pressure inside the air chamber is recorded by the pressure sensor, and the bubble dynamic behaviors are captured by high-speed cameras. First, the repeatability of the experiment is validated and an indirect method to measure the bubble volume is introduced. Subsequently, according to experimental results, a flow feature map is constructed to depict the bubble morphologies under different conditions, where two stable modes and three unstable transition modes can be observed. Moreover, the formation mechanism of different modes has been studied. Finally, based on the investigation of bubble morphologies, pressure evolutions, and bubble scales under different initial pressure inside the air chamber and motion states of the model, the effects of the initial pressure inside the air chamber and motion state of the model are analyzed. The generation of the gas jet can be delayed by the washing effect of the incoming water flow while the large pressure difference can promote the generation of the gas jet. The bubble dynamic behaviors are the result of mutual interaction between the two effects.
A near-field study of VO2/(100)TiO2 film and its crack-induced strain relief
Authors: Chen Xinzhong , Kittiwatanakul Salinporn , Cheng Yinke , Slusar Tetiana V. , Mcleod Alexander S. , Li Zhuoqi , Kim Hyun-Tak , Basov D. N. , Liu Mengkun
Published: July 2022

Temperature-induced metal–insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been under intense research interest for decades both theoretically and experimentally. Due to the complex nature of electron correlations, the underlying physics behind the MIT in VO2 has yet to be fully grasped. In this work, we utilize the fine resolution of the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope to investigate the MIT in an epitaxial VO2 thin film on the (100)R TiO2 substrate with mid-infrared light. Bidirectional tweed-like metal–insulator phase coexistence patterns are observed and understood under the Landau free energy paradigm. More interestingly, delayed metallic nucleation is observed near the surface cracks due to local strain relief. This research proposes ideas in investigating the temperature–pressure phase diagram and tuning the interplay between local strain and MIT in oxide thin films.
Ultra-HPLC-MS pseudo-targeted metabolomic profiling reveals metabolites and associated metabolic pathway alterations in Asian plum (
Authors: Deng Honghong , He Runmei , Xia Hui , Xu Nuo , Deng Qunxian , Liang Dong , Lin Lijin , Liao Ling , Xiong Bo , Xie Xinyu , Gao Zhijian , Kang Qingxuan , Wang Zhihui
Published: July 2022

Plum (Prunus spp.) is an economically and nutritionally important stone fruit that is grown worldwide. Gummosis disease (GD) is one of the most common limiting factors that adversely affects the yield and quality of stone fruits such as plum. Elucidating plum fruit metabolomics responses is essential to develop sustainable agricultural practices to combat GD in the future. Herein, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) pseudo-targeted metabolomic profiling was first performed to elucidate the overall metabolic alterations in Asian plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit in response to GD. The most pivotal differential metabolites, including certain amino acids and proanthocyanidins, in GD and control groups were identified by combining multivariate data analysis with strict statistical criteria. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that GD induced a series of coordinated defence responses and reprogramming of various metabolic pathways, including glucosinolate biosynthesis, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. Using UHPLC-MS-based pseudo-targeted metabolomic profiling, we systematically evaluated overall metabolic modifications in Asian plum fruits in response to GD for the first time. The identified metabolic pathway alterations helped to better understand the internal relationships and related metabolic networks.
Mutual spin-phonon driving effects and phonon eigenvector renormalization in nickel (II) oxide
Authors: Sun Qiyang , Wei Bin , Su Yaokun , Smith Hillary , Lin Jiao Y. Y. , Abernathy Douglas L. , Li Chen
Published: July 2022

The physics of mutual interaction of phonon quasiparticles with electronic spin degrees of freedom, leading to unusual transport phenomena of spin and heat, has been a subject of continuing interests for decades. Despite its pivotal role in transport processes, the effect of spin-phonon coupling on the phonon system, especially acoustic phonon properties, has so far been elusive. By means of inelastic neutron scattering and first-principles calculations, anomalous scattering spectral intensity from acoustic phonons was identified in the exemplary collinear antiferromagnetic nickel (II) oxide, unveiling strong spin-lattice correlations that renormalize the polarization of acoustic phonon. In particular, a clear magnetic scattering signature of the measured neutron scattering intensity from acoustic phonons is demonstrated by its momentum transfer and temperature dependences. The anomalous scattering intensity is successfully modeled with a modified magneto-vibrational scattering cross-section, suggesting the presence of spin precession driven by phonon. The renormalization of phonon eigenvector is indicated by the observed “geometry-forbidden” neutron scattering intensity from transverse acoustic phonon. Importantly, the eigenvector renormalization cannot be explained by magnetostriction but instead, it could result from the coupling between phonon and local magnetization of ions.