bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards the Optimization of eDNA/eRNA Sampling Technologies for Marine Biosecurity Surveillance
Authors: Bowers Holly , Pochon Xavier , von Ammon Ulla , Gemmell Neil , Stanton Jo-Ann , Jeunen Gert-Jan , Sherman Craig , Zaiko Anastasija
Published: April 2021

The field of eDNA is growing exponentially in response to the need for detecting rare and invasive species for management and conservation decisions. Developing technologies and standard protocols within the biosecurity sector must address myriad challenges associated with marine environments, including salinity, temperature, advective and deposition processes, hydrochemistry and pH, and contaminating agents. These approaches must also provide a robust framework that meets the need for biosecurity management decisions regarding threats to human health, environmental resources, and economic interests, especially in areas with limited clean-laboratory resources and experienced personnel. This contribution aims to facilitate dialogue and innovation within this sector by reviewing current approaches for sample collection, post-sampling capture and concentration of eDNA, preservation, and extraction, all through a biosecurity monitoring lens.
Social Dimensions of Projected Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Services in the Coastal-Rural Area of Nemunas River Reaches and Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania)
Authors: Marcinkevičiūtė Lina , Vilkevičiūtė Jolanta , Žukovskis Jan , Pranskūnienė Rasa
Published: April 2021

The capacity of ecosystems to provide ecosystem services (hereinafter referred to as ES) depends on the state of their structure, processes, and functions, which is determined by interactions with other systems. These interactions are complex and take place in different climatic areas, and have different impacts on ecosystems and the use of ES. As the most sensitive part of the Lithuanian shore zone to climate change is the seaside zone or the coastal zone, which includes the Curonian Lagoon and the sea coast, the said area was therefore chosen for research. The case study examined those ES that were specific to the study area, without attempting to account for absolutely all ES. With an emphasis on the representation of different perspectives (in the process of assessing and preserving the potential of ES), the empirical study involved representatives of different (public and private) sectors. The public sector was represented by elders and eldership employees, the private sector by farmers and businesspeople. Respondents were selected purposefully to reflect the entire existing totality of the existing area. The evaluation of the obtained theoretical and practical results of the research identified the potential of the existing area ecosystem services and perspectives for the implementation of services by assessing their use according to respondents’ opinions, regional climate change, and national scale in EU environmental policy.
Genetic Diversity of Stellate Sturgeon in the Lower Danube River: The Impact of Habitat Contraction upon a Critically Endangered Population
Authors: Holostenco Daniela Nicoleta , Ciorpac Mitică , Taflan Elena , Tošić Katarina , Paraschiv Marian , Iani Marian , Honț Ștefan , Suciu Radu , Rîșnoveanu Geta
Published: April 2021

One of the last wild populations of the critically endangered stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) survives in the Danube River. Limited knowledge about the genetic structure, ecology, and evolution of this species led to poor and inconsistent management decisions with an increased risk for species extinction in the wild. Here we show the results of genetic structure screening of the Danube River wild population over 12 years timespan. Our research does not bring evidence of population recovery. No genetic structuring was identified at the mitochondrial level concerning spawning migration timing, sampling locations, and developmental stages. Eleven maternal lineages were revealed based on restriction fragment lengths analysis of the D-loop region, with one haplotype as the most frequent. While this could be the result of a massive restocking activity using a reduced number of spawners, our data does not support it. The selection of mitochondrial haplotypes under the pressure of habitat contraction and the narrower range of temperature variation since dams’ construction on the river could explain the observed distribution. Several factors of managerial concern are discussed. Our results provide baseline data on the mtDNA diversity in a critically endangered species of exceptionally high socioeconomic and conservation interest.
Sensitivity Analysis for Performance Evaluation of a Real Water Distribution System by a Pressure Driven Analysis Approach and Artificial Intelligence Method
Authors: Fiorini Morosini Attilio , Shaffiee Haghshenas Sina , Shaffiee Haghshenas Sami , Choi Doo Yong , Geem Zong Woo
Published: April 2021

Proper performance of water distribution networks (WDNs) plays a vital role in customer satisfaction. The aim of this study is to conduct a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the behavior of WDNs analyzed by a pressure-driven analysis (PDA) approach and the classification technique by using an appropriate artificial neural network, namely the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). For this purpose, this study is divided into four distinct steps. In the first and second steps, a real network has been analyzed by using a Pressure-Driven Analysis approach (PDA) to obtain the pressure, and α coefficient, the percentage of supplied flow. The analysis has been performed by using three different values of the design peak coefficient k*. In the third step, the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) has been applied and several binary models have been constructed. The analysis has been carried out by using input data, including the real topology of the network and the base demand necessary to satisfy requests of users in average conditions and by assuming that the demand in each single one-hour time step depends on a peak coefficient. Finally, the results obtained from the PDA hydraulic analysis and those obtained by using them in the GMDH algorithm have been compared and sensitivity analysis has been carried out. The innovation of the study is to demonstrate that the input parameters adopted in the design are correct. The analysis confirms that the GMDH algorithm gives proper results for this case study and the results are stable also when the value of each k*, characteristic of a different time hour step, varies in an admissible technical range. It was confirmed that the results obtained by using the PDA approach, analyzed by using a GMDH-type neural network, can provide higher performance sufficiency in the evaluation of WDNs.
Microbial Detoxification of Dimethoate and Methomyl Residues in Aqueous Media
Authors: Derbalah Aly , Massoud Ahmed , El-Mehasseb Ibrahim , Allah Moustafa Saad , Ahmed Mohamed S. , Al-Brakati Ashraf , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb
Published: April 2021

The extensive and random application of major organic pollutants, mainly pesticides, threatens ecosystems and human health. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify microorganisms from some water resources contaminated with pesticides. We investigated the ability of the identified microbes to grow in water spiked with dimethoate and methomyl. We also evaluated the potential effect of the identified microbial isolates on dimethoate and methomyl biodegradation in water. In addition, the total detoxification of dimethoate and methomyl residues in water after treatment with the most effective microbial isolates was confirmed using toxicity tests and analyzing biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in the kidney and liver of treated rats. The microbial isolates were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Translucens and Aspergillus fumigates. Results showed that X. campestris pv. Translucens and A. fumigatus grow in media supplemented with dimethoate and methomyl faster than in other media without both pesticides. About 97.8% and 91.2% of dimethoate and 95% and 87.8% of methomyl (initial concentration of both 5 mg L−1) were biodegraded within 32 days of incubation with X. campestris pv. Translucens and A. fumigatus, respectively. There was no remaining toxicity in rats treated with dimethoate- and methomyl-contaminated water with respect to biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Collectively, the identified bacterial isolate showed high potential for the complete degradation of dimethoate and methomyl residues in water.
Groundwater Nitrate Removal Performance of Selected Pseudomonas Strains Carrying nosZ Gene in Aerobic Granular Sequential Batch Reactors
Authors: Hurtado-Martinez Miguel , Muñoz-Palazon Barbara , Gonzalez-Martinez Alejandro , Manzanera Maximino , Gonzalez-Lopez Jesus
Published: April 2021

Four granular sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs) were inoculated with four denitrifying Pseudomonas strains carrying nosZ to study the process of granule formation, the operational conditions of the bioreactors, and the carbon concentration needed for nitrate removal. The selected Pseudomonas strains were P. stutzeri I1, P. fluorescens 376, P. denitrificans Z1, and P. fluorescens PSC26, previously reported as denitrifying microorganisms carrying the nosZ gene. Pseudomonas denitrificans Z1 produced fluffy, low-density granules, with a decantation speed below 10 m h−1. However, P. fluorescens PSC26, P. stutzeri I1, and P. fluorescens 376 formed stable granules, with mean size from 7 to 15 mm, related to the strain and carbon concentration. P. stutzeri I1 and P. fluorescens 376 removed nitrate efficiently with a ratio in the range of 96%, depending on the source and concentration of organic matter. Therefore, the findings suggest that the inoculation of GSBR systems with denitrifying strains of Pseudomonas spp. containing the nosZ gene enables the formation of stable granules, the efficient removal of nitrate, and the transformation of nitrate into nitrogen gas, a result of considerable environmental interest to avoid the generation of nitrous oxide.
Assessing the Possibility of a Gas Hub Emergence in East Asia
Authors:   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shevyrenkov Maxim Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the problem of emergence in East Asia of a regional trading center (hub) for liquefied natural gas (LNG) with its own independent price index, which can become the basis for pricing in long-term contracts for supplying gas to the countries of this region. The author identifies the main factors stimulating Asian players in the gas market to pass to a new pricing system while signing gas purchase contracts. The countries — the main candidates for creating their own LNG hub — are considered. The article analyzes current situation and the prospects for developing regional LNG hubs in such countries as China, Japan and Singapore. The paper also identifies the main obstacles to creating developed exchange trade of LNG in the Asia-Pacific countries and estimates the most likely places for the emergence of a gas hub.
Power System for Beautiful China
Authors:   Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Polevanov Vladimir P.
Published: April 2021

The growth in primary energy consumption in 2019 by 1.3% was provided by renewable energy sources and natural gas, which together provided 75% of the increase. China in the period 2010–2020 held a leading position in the growth of demand for energy resources, but according to forecasts, India will join it in the current decade.
Total Figure: Pandemic as a Portal to the Future
Authors:   Institute for Economic Strategies, Ivanova Tatiana A.
Published: April 2021

Review of 2020 strategic trends presents an analysis of the key components of the country's integral power — economy, foreign policy, armed forces, territory, natural resources, culture and religion, science and education, population, governance - according to the original methodology developed by specialists of the Institute for Economic Strategies.
Angiography of early Christianity in Chersonesos
Authors: Viktorov M.
Published: April 2021

This paper is devoted to the life of Christian ascetics, whose spiritual feat was of great importance for the life of Crimean societies in the first centuries after the birth of Christ. It is emphasized that the Holy equal-to-the-apostles Prince Vladimir was Baptized in the land where the seeds of Christianity were already sprouted. In the Crimea of the early Christian period, Clement of Rome, Martin the Confessor, and the bishops of Kherson, Basil, Ephraim, Eugene, Epherius, Agathodorus, Elpidius, and Capito, left a gracious mark.
On the anniversary of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (polemic notes)
Authors: Gygalov A.
Published: April 2021

A polemic performance related to the anniversary of the great classic of Russian literature, a reformer of traditional drama. Particular attention is paid to the citizenship of the reader.
About how much miracles are we ready for preparation…
Authors: Nikiforov E.
Published: April 2021

The material can be attributed to the genre of free review of the book of Philosophy recently published in Crimea sciences of Mikhail Kizilov, which, continuing and developing the connotation “Crimean text”, deduces from marginal discourse and includes in the scientific circulation, firstly, the name of Demokrit Terpinovich, and secondly, it still publishes the unknown text “Zoroad. Poem relating to Tauris…”, which was discovered by him in the collections of the Khoton library of Harvard University.
The influence of highly dispersed preparations on metabolism and productivity of young cattle
Authors: Sizova E. A. , Makaeva A. M.
Published: April 2021

Preparations of highly dispersed particles of trace elements are increasingly used in animal husbandry. This is determined by their extraordinary biological properties such as the ability to penetrate into tissues and organs, a high surface area, and so on. One of the promising directions for using highly dispersed particles both in the post-embryonic and embryonic periods of animal development is the use of trace elements as sources. This is determined by the relatively lower toxicity, higher bioavailability of elements from preparations of highly dispersed particles, which reduces the load on the environment and allows you to produce products enriched with minerals. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of highly dispersed drugs on rumen digestion, the composition of the rumen microbiome, metabolism and productivity of young cattle. A comprehensive assessment of the use of highly dispersed SiO2 and FeCo preparations in cattle nutrition has been provided in the paper. The digestibility of feed, metabolism, and productivity of young cattle when feeding highly dispersed particles have been studied. An unusual fact of increasing bacterial biomass when using highly dispersed particles of silicon dioxide in animal feeding has been described. A method for increasing the digestibility of feed components by ruminants through the use of highly dispersed FeCo alloy particles has been proposed. As follows from the data obtained the use of highly dispersed particles allowed to increase the live weight of experimental young animals to 413 kg in the 1st experimental group and 416 kg in the 2nd experimental group, which was by 11 (P ≤ 0,01) and 14 kg (P ≤ 0,01) higher than the control indicator. As follows from the analysis of the data obtained, the profitability of rearing young animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was by 2,4 and 2,2 % higher than the same indicator calculated for the control group.
The linear growth back calculation oh tench Tinca tinca (L., 1758) (Cyprinidae) from two Karaganda oblast water bodies
Authors: Krainyuk Vladimir N.
Published: April 2021

Tench Tinca tinca (L., 1758) belongs to the aboriginal complex of fish species inhabiting the water bodies of Central Kazakhstan. The southern border of its range runs along the Nura river watershed. Currently, this species is artificially settled to the south — in the Sarysu river watershed. The dates about linear growth back calculation for tench from two Karaganda oblast water bodies belonging to different watersheds: Ishimskoe reservoir (Ishim river watershed) and pound DSU-58 (Nura river watershed) are presented. These water bodies have similar their hydromorphological signs, but have differentiation by water chemistry. As a result of our studies revealed that the tench from Ishimskoe reservoir have a higher growth rate than tench from pound DSU-58. The absence or insignificant effect of sexual and generational growth variability is noted. Linear increments in the studied groups decrease with age. The variables of the Ford-Walford and von Bertalanffy equations show a higher growth potential in individuals from the Ishimsky reservoir. They also have a higher Poly-Murno growth efficiency index. The dependence of the growth pace rate from previous year was noted at an early age (1+…3+) for tench from Ishimsky reservoir and in middle age (2+…5+) for individuals from pound DSU-58. Features of linear growth are associated with the abundance of species in the water body. The relative abundance of tench in pound DSU-58 is almost 3,5 times higher than in the Ishimsky reservoir. As one of the possible reasons, the peculiarity of the growth of predators — tench consumers is also put forward.
Spring dynamics of cyprinids parasitofauna under pond aquaculture conditions in the Astrakhan region
Authors: Karpenko Nadezhda , Sudakova Natalia
Published: April 2021

The results of spring monitoring of invasive diseases of Cyprinids in fish farms of the Astrakhan region are presented. Indicator representatives of the main species groups of the ectoparasite fauna of Cyprinids (monogenetic trematodes, fish leeches, crustaceans and unicellular skin parasites) are considered, and the quantitative dynamics of invasions in spring season under aquaculture conditions in the Astrakhan region are considered. In the period from April to May 2020, 170 samples of carp fish of five species were examined: carp, bream, roach, silver bream, rudd. The study was carried out by the parasitological method on live fish, the intensity of invasion was determined. The causative agents of the following invasive diseases of cyprinids were identified: dactylogyrosis, argulez, trichodinosis, diplozoonosis, piscicolez. For all detected parasites, a low intensity of invasion was noted (1–20 ind. per fish), which corresponds to the baseline values for pond rearing of Cyprinids and allows us to speak about satisfactory conditions for fish. The number of leeches averaged 10 specimens per fish, which is rather high in spring and indicates inadequate preparation of ponds for the fish-breeding season, or early arrival of spring; however, according to quantitative criteria, this corresponds to a low intensity of invasion. In general, the results obtained are consistent with the background presence of ectoparasites on cyprinids during pond rearing and allow us to speak about satisfactory conditions for keeping fish in the commercial farms of the Astrakhan region. The effect of earlier periods of the onset of high water temperatures in the river and ponds in recent years (2019–2020) on the development of the dynamics of invasive diseases in fish farms of the Astrakhan region requires additional study
Energy-saving technological decisions of steers management
Authors: Medvedev A. YU.
Published: April 2021

The scheme of the reconstruction of a cowshed on 200 heads of the standard project 256-1 p-66 to the room for the loose housing maintenance of technological group of 200 steers on the deep bedding according to the sectional principle has been proposed. It is shown that the reduction of number of steers in a section of such room with 50 to 20 heads (3 m2 per 1 head) is an eff ective factor of energy saving as it makes it possible to increase signifi cantly the intensity of growth of cattle at decrease in the expenses of forages on 1 kg of weight gain by 16–17 %. In this case the coeffi cient of bioenergetic effi ciency of the production of beef increases by 0,19 %, and its profi tability — by 17,8 %. The off ered method of section placement of steers will allow avoiding regrouping of animals during all production cycle.
Instrumentally potestate technica et environmental salutem machinas in operatione
Authors: Sayapin A. S. , Sayapin S. N. , Nikolaev E. V.
Published: April 2021

Quaestiones quae oriuntur ex Aestimatio technicorum condi vehiculis cum technica inspectionem gostehinspektsiey. Articulum interesting erit Gostehnadzora inspectores, mechanicis, officia technica, adipiscing et alumnis studebat in respective Propria.
Power evaluation of surface heat sources resulting from electrospark processing machine parts
Authors: Kolomeichenko A. V. , Pavlov V. Z. , Kuznetsov I. S.
Published: April 2021

The paper carried out according to the analytical conclusion describes the source of heat arising on the electrodes with electrospark processing machines, determined the ratio of heat generated at the electrodes.
Method of calculation of the generalized indicator of reliability of CCXM on the example of the D-240 engine of the MTZ-80 tractor
Authors: Kostomakhin M. N. , Voronov A. N.
Published: April 2021

In article there is a description of a method of calculation of the generalized indicator of reliability of the self-propelled farm vehicle (SSHM). This technique serves as the main tool at the choice of resource parameters which are used in system of online monitoring of technical reliability with ispolzovapniy satellite navigation (GLONASS, GPS) and/or the Internet network, at technical service of farm vehicles.
CONTROL INTERNO COSO ERM APLICADO AL TALENTO HUMANO DEL SECTOR PÚBLICO EN ECUADOR
Authors: Ortiz Mosquera César Geovanny
Published: April 2021

La Gestión de riesgos empresariales ha ido tomando importancia dentro de las instituciones públicas, en un entorno más exigente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de confianza y riesgo del área de talento humano del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del cantón Ventanas. La metodología empleada, se basó en una encuesta realizada a 165 funcionarios públicos y un cuestionario con los ocho componentes del COSO ERM, dentro de un análisis diagnóstico no experimental de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados de esta investigación, muestran un nivel de confianza moderado, por lo que se hace necesario fortalecer los componentes relacionados con la Gestión de Riesgos y tomar acciones correctivas que contribuyan en el cumplimiento de los planes y programas propuestos.
Response to hybrid threats: peculiarities of the European Union strategy on countering the disinformation
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dorosh Lesia
Published: April 2021

The features of the European Union’s comprehensive strategy on countering the disinformation have been analyzed. It is emphasized on the creation of the legal framework and the activities of institutions aimed at countering the hybrid challenges, combating disinformation, exposing false messages and strengthening of the independent media. 10 actions of the EU to tackle the disinformation have been analyzed, such as creating the EuvsDisinfo public database, protection the integrity of EU elections, debunking Euromyths, monitoring disinformation messages with the Rapid Alert System, establishing the EU-wide Code of Practice on Disinformation, organizing events that promote media literacy, empowering civil society to both identify and expose disinformation, facilitating the work of fact-checkers, creating campaigns that raize public awareness on the disinformation’s negative effects, supporting media freedom and pluralism for a healthy democracy. The instruments of the EU in response to the hybrid threats such as the East StratCom Task Force (ESTF), the Hybrid Fusion Cell (HFC) and the Rapid Alert System - Disinformation (RAS-DIS) have been monitored. It has been determined that the EU is particularly attentive to practical training in combating hybrid threats. It is alleged that the use of a multilevel, cross-sectoral approach enables the EU to gradually increase its defence to counter modern hybrid threats. It is highlighted that Ukraine, which is suffering from the hybrid war, should involve the experience of the use of the instruments developed within the EU, adopting and sharing experience in combating disinformation and provide the resistance to hybrid challenges.
Financial independence of local self-government authorities in the context of budget decentralization
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Bobryk Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problem of independence / dependence of local self-government of the Slovak Republic in the context of financial reform and budget decentralization. Financial reform and budget decentralization, as reform ideologues in Slovakia, have been defined as an opportunity to ensure the independence of local self-government. In general, administrative reform in the Slovak Republic can be divided into three stages. At the first stage (1990-1993) the basic level of self-government - communities (municipalities) was determined and the division into state administration and local self-government was carried out. There was a separation from the Soviet model of public administration, local self-government was given the powers defined by law. However, in financial terms, most communities remain dependent on central budget resources. At the second stage of reforms (1993-1998) a dual system began to emerge - when local self-government and public administration coexisted. In general, such a system allowed the state to have a major influence on local government decision-making and to redistribute community resources manually. The third stage of reforms (1998-2005) is characterized by extreme reforms. The powers of public administration and local self-government were clearly shared. In the process of deconcentration of power, most of the powers were gradually transferred from state government to local government. Local self-government remained at two levels: community (municipality) - base level and territories – higher, land level. At the same time, public administration was maintained at the sub-level – the district (okres), average between communities and territories. An important problem of financial reform and budgetary decentralization was ensuring the independence of local budgets. As a result of the reform, a tax was defined - a personal income tax, which was distributed in some proportion between the community budget, the territory budget and the central budget. An exclusive list of taxes that could be charged on the benefit of communities and provinces was determined. Therefore, they received guaranteed sources of budget revenue. We have analyzed the effectiveness of budgetary decentralization on two criteria: the guaranteed budget revenues and the level of financial independence / dependence of local government budgets. In Slovakia, local government has guaranteed sources of revenue. It is both the right to charge one's own taxes and the distribution of the personal income tax. This system has been stable since 2005 and has not changed. However, the analysis of revenue receipts showed that the budgets of the region are very dependent on resources from the central budget. That is, they do not have enough revenue receipts from the sources defined by law. Community budgets show greater independence by having more tools to pump up their budgets.
Integral traditionalism and philosophia perennis in the context of European culture
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Yeryomin Vladislav
Published: April 2021

The article examines the school of integral traditionalism as an intellectual phenomenon of European culture of the XX-XXI centuries. An excursion was made into the history of the formation of this phenomenon, an overview of its directions, personalities and key concepts. The connection of traditionalism with idealistic philosophy, Romanticism, right-wing ideologies and academic religious studies is traced. The study concluded that integral traditionalism, as a special form of Western esotericism, is an organic part of European culture. Its place in the space of the latter can be represented in the form of a diagram consisting of three circles. The largest of them will represent idealistic philosophy as a whole (from the origins to the present day). The circle of a smaller diameter inscribed in it will be perennialism – a system of ideas about Philosophia perennis as a common source and secret (esoteric) content of different religions and spiritual teachings. An even smaller circle inscribed in the second circle will be integral traditionalism itself as the most "concentrated" form of perennialism, characterized by a high degree of rationalization and self-removal from the semantic codes of Modern and Postmodern. Moreover, all the three circles can be divided into two parts – connected with a living spiritual tradition (through initiation) and devoid of such a connection. As a form of Western esotericism, integral traditionalism claims a fundamentally "gnostic" status. This feature separates it both from religion, in which, in the words of R. Guenon, "intellectual elements are mixed with emotional", and from secular science, which, with all its rigor and objectivity, remains entirely a "profane" phenomenon. At the same time, the principles of traditionalism, distinguished by their "holistic" character, have prospects of application to various fields of humanitarian knowledge.
Ukrainian humanism of today: cultural aspect
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Sabadash Yuliia
Published: April 2021

The article focuses onto the theoretical developments of Ukrainian specialists in cultural studies, which were provided during the last decade. It is noted that the active development of cultural knowledge requires both the fixation of already worked out problems and the definition of new problems in the logics of further research process. It is shown that during the 2010-2020 period the theoretical interest of scientists was directed to the argumentation of specific principles of cultural analysis, which helps to distinguish “Cultural Studies” among other “structural elements” of humanism, in particular, socio-political knowledge, philosophy, aesthetics, history and theory of religion, art criticism, etc. The “boundary sphere” is outlined, where the theoretical interests of cultural studies intercross with other Humanities. The importance of generalization and systematization of those theoretical spheres that are in consideration of modern Ukrainian scientists is pointed out and those “white spots” are more clearly delineated that year by year are in the focus of researchers’ attention. Besides, basing onto the publications that appear during 2019, especially those that reflect the conceptual basis of future PhD or doctoral dissertations, it can be argued that scientists mostly “push off” from those groundworks that were to some extent stated previously in 2018-2019
Typifications of Some Names in Neomarica (Trimezieae, Iridaceae)
Authors: Gil André dos Santos Bragança , Schneider Layla Jamylle Costa , Bittrich Volker , Estanislau do Amaral Maria do Carmo
Published: April 2021

As a result of taxonomic studies on the genus Neomarica Sprague (Trimezieae, Iridoideae, Iridaceae), we noted that some names remain untypified, or were incorrectly typified. Thus, we here designate lectotypes for N. candida (Hassl.) Sprague, N. heloisamariae Occhioni, and N. silvestris (Vell.) Chukr, neotypes for N. itatiaica (Ravenna) A. Gil, N. latifolia (Ravenna) A. Gil, and N. unca (Ravenna) A. Gil, and also an epitype for N. silvestris. Comments about the typifications are provided.
The Role of Low Learning in Driving Dropout: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study in Four Countries
Authors: Kaffenberger Michelle , Sobol Danielle , Spindelman Deborah
Published: April 2021

Using unique longitudinal quantitative and qualitative data, we examine the role that low learning plays in driving dropout in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Regression analysis using IRT-linked test scores and data on schooling attainment and dropout shows a strong, significant association with one standard deviation higher test scores associated with 50 percent lower odds of dropping out between the ages of 8 and 12, and a similar association between the ages of 12 and 15. Qualitative analysis indicates a direct relationship between low learning and dropout, with children and parents choosing to discontinue school when they realize how little is being learned. Qualitative findings also show that low learning interacts with and exacerbates more proximate causes of dropout, with low learning often contributing to choices of early marriage (for girls) and of leaving school to work (for both genders), with families making practical decisions about which options will best provide for children in the long run. Finally, learning, work, and poverty often interact, as the need to work to help provide for the household reduces the opportunities to learn, and low learning tilts the opportunity cost of time in favor of working. These findings suggest that low learning may play a larger role in dropout decisions, by underlying and interacting with other causes, than has been typically recognized.
Extractivismo y posneoliberalismo: el caso de Ecuador
Authors: Albuja Verónica , Dávalos Pablo ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analizan las modalidades extractivas del gobierno de Alianza País y Rafael Correa en el periodo 2007–2012. Al considerar el reordenamiento territorial en función de la mercantilización de los territorios y su integración a las dinámicas de la acumulación financiera del capitalismo, comprendemos las formas más visibles del extractivismo: la ampliación de la frontera petrolera, sobre todo la exploración y explotación de petróleo en mar abierto, glaciales, reservas naturales y territorios indígenas; la industrialización de bituminosas y de esquisto; la minería a cielo abierto; el agronegocio que incluye pesticidas, transgénicos, monocultivos y sistemas de plantación; los servicios ambientales (privatización de agua, mercados de carbono, industria del turismo, pago por servicios ambientales); la biotecnología; la geotecnología, los biocombustibles, entre otros.
Beijing’s Polanyian gamble
Authors:   University of Northern British Columbia, Bowles Paul
Published: April 2021

This article examines the Chinese leadership’s efforts to address rising inequalities originating from decades of market-led domestic reform, undertaking a «Polanyian gamble» with policy measures. The author analyses the restructuring of urban employment from secure, State-sector jobs to an open–market free-for-all, with all of the insecurity it implies. The rural transformation from self-sufficiency to wage labour transition also brought upheavals in social and economic structures. The article offers the view that China's elites have acted to mitigate the effects of market policies in order to avoid working class rebellion, through rural investment, tax reform, subsidies and revised labour laws. The author argues that this effort appears to be successful in many respects, as worker-employer conflicts that rose quickly in the 2000s have increasingly begun to be addressed in arbitration, rather than in street-level demonstration or outright conflict with the State. Although successes are evident, the ultimate balance of deleterious market effects vs state policies toward alleviation remains tenuous, the outcome uncertain.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of various orthodontic appliances in the correction of malocclusion of the II class in children and adolescents
Authors: Pilipenko N.D. , Maksyukov S.Yu
Published: April 2021

This study is dedicated to a comparative analysis of effectiveness of using orthodontic appliances when treating class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. It was shown that treatment with the Invisalign system with a change of the lower jaw position is the most effective method for correcting class II malocclusion in growing patients. Using Invisalign aligners showed not only the best efficacy according to teleroentgenograms. but also made the treatment process comfortable for patients at all its stages. Moreover, higher level of compliance was demonstrated with treatment using the Invisalign system compared to the Twin-block appliance.
LEVEL OF ENTREPRENURIAL COMPETENCE AMONG SME FELDA ENTREPRENEURS OF NEGERI SEMBILAN
Authors: Mohamad Poad Raihan Wajihah , Othman Norasmah
Published: April 2021

In the face of the challenges of the increasingly challenging economic downturn during the COVID-19 period, the economic growth rate was recorded lowest based on economic statistics 2020. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the level of entrepreneurial competence by using the entrepreneurial competency model which is opportunity competency, organizational competence, relationship competence, strategic competencies, commitment competencies, and conceptual competencies to explain some of the ways to improve business survival and success especially in the context of SMEs. This study uses a quantitative approach that is a survey method through the distribution of questionnaires. The study population is all SME entrepreneurs registered under FELDA throughout Malaysia. A total of 309 respondents were selected and sample selection through the simple random sample. The collected data were then analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. The results show that the level of entrepreneurial competence among FELDA SME entrepreneurs is at a high level. This study illustrates that FELDA SME entrepreneurs have entrepreneurial competencies and this is the driver of their business success. The implications of the findings of this study are expected to help SME entrepreneurs maintaining competencies or skills in business. The findings of this study can also be used to assist SME entrepreneurs by adopting entrepreneurial features to manage the business to improve business performance for the future.
Marcomannic wars and new Roman period discoveries in Jevíčko (West Moravia/East Bohemia)
Authors: Droberjar Eduard
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the issue of Roman archaeological finds and assemblage in the Malá Haná region in the context of substantial strong Germanic settlement activities that had or may have had connections to the period of Marcomannic wars. During the last decade of research in particular on sites near Jevíčko town in was possible to gain a lot of knowledge on the issues of settlement of the Early Roman period. In addition to Roman imports, related to trade activities, a whole range of artifacts (especially militaria) can be associated with the movement of the Roman army deep in the Barbaricum or directly with the northernmost Roman temporary camp near Jevíčko. The Malá Haná region thus becomes an important research area for a detailed interpretation of Roman-Germanic interactions at the end of the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Desafíos de la educación ambiental a través del aprendizaje ubicuo
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Sevilla., Valderrama Hernández Rocío , Torres Fernández Cristóbal ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Sevilla, Limón Domínguez Dolores ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Sevilla
Published: April 2021

Esta experiencia se enmarca en el Máster Interuniversitario de Educación Ambiental, donde están involucradas seis universidades de la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza. La interacción educativa ubicua es cada vez más necesaria. La simultaneidad de problemáticas ambientales comunes en lugares alejados, con repercusiones globales, nos invita a fomentar una ciberciudadanía, capaz de autorregular sus propuestas resolutivas de acción y compromiso de cambio. La construcción de un pensamiento colectivo se puede ver favorecida por esta ciberciudadanía, promoviendo una interconexión de análisis de la realidad concreta y cercana. El aprendizaje ubicuo hace que la tecnología sea el vehículo a través del cual se pueden generar espacios para el aprendizaje variado. En este sentido la posibilidad de trabajar con redes diversas permite también diversificar los aprendizajes. Según la experiencia desarrollada, se favorece el desarrollo de puentes entre aprendizajes formales e informales, así como el desarrollo de un aprendizaje permanente.
PERANCANGAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK PRIVATE ROOM SECURITY SYSTEM BERBASIS FINGERPRINT DENGAN PENGUKURAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN MENGGUNAKAN QFD
Authors: Rif'an Afandy  , Trismawati Trismawati , Mustakim Mustakim
Published: April 2021

Sistem keamanan adalah kebutuhan dasar manusia prioritas kedua berdasarkan kebutuhan fisiologis yang harus terpenuhi selama hidupnya, sebab dengan terpenuhinya rasa aman setiap individu dapat berkarya dengan optimal dalam hidupnya. Keamanan merupakan topik yang luas namun dalam hal ini kajian tentang keamanan dibatasi dalam lingkup keamanan rumah saja. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa produk sistem keamanan rumah yaitu pengunci rumah berbasis finger print. Untuk sistem pengontrol menggunakan mikrokontoller arduino Atmega328 dan didukung oleh beberapa alat yang lain agar sistem keamanan bekerja dengan baik. Hadirnya produk pengunci pintu ini merupakan inovasi baru yang dapat meningkatkan keamanan dalam lingkup rumah dan dengan menggunakan perhitungan Quality Function Deployment (QFD) untuk mengetahui tingkat kepentingan dan kepuasan dari konsumen. Pengembangan produk ini sendiri difokuskan kepada beberapa fitur tambhan yang tidak dimiliki oleh produk serupa yang ada di pasaran.
IMMOBILIZATION AND APPLICATION OF PARTIAL PURIFIED LOVASTATIN PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATE ASPERGILLUS TERREUS A50 USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
Authors: Al-Sa'ady A. J. R. , Aziz G. M.
Published: April 2021

This work was designed to study the free and immobilized partial purified lovastatin in various applications. The results of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition showed enzyme inhibition at 10 mM of standard and partial purified lovastatin with specific activity 0.056 and 0.062 U/mg protein respectively, compared with specific activity 0.277 U/mg protein without inhibitor. The results of the thermal stability and storage time on lovastatin for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase demonstrated that the standard and partial purified lovastatin were stabled in temperatures between 20-40 ᵒC, then the stability begun to decrease at 45 ᵒC, while lovastatin was stable in storage time between 1- 8 hours, then the stability begun to decrease after ten hours at 40 ºC. The results of MIC for lovastatin were demonstrated that most tested concentration were showed antibacterial activity of free and immobilized partial purified lovastatin against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 15 to 75 µg/ml. Whereas the results of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) showed that C. albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus had no growth with concentration ranging from 55 to 75, 55 to 75, and 30 to 75 µg/ml, respectively. As well as the results of the cytotoxic impact using MTT experiment indicated that partial purified lovastatin caused a reduction in cells viability (p ≤ 0.05) at a dose-dependent manner on MCF-7 cell lines, with a calculating IC50 of 138.1 µg/ml, compare with normal cell line (WRL 68 Cell Line) at IC50 of 198.7 µg/ml.
SADHU SUNDAR SINGH – HIS CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY
Authors: Smiles A.J.
Published: April 2021

Sadhu Sundar Singh (1889-1929) was a Christocentric Indian Christian Mystic, known for his efforts to Indianize
Christianity and whose thoughts on Christ, Bible, Spirituality, Christianity etc, are very original. Born in Sikh religion, by
the age of sixteen he read Bhagavadgita and memorised Granth, Koran and several Upanishads. He hated Christianity so much, that he tore up
and burnt the bible at this teen age. But next year, in a powerful vision he saw Jesus and was converted to Christianity. At the age of Seventeen, he
set out on his journey as a new Christian, penniless, except with a New Testament copy, wearing a saffron turban and the saffron robe of a sadhu,
as an ascetic devoted to spiritual practice, to preach the Gospel and about Jesus. Due to the Sadhu's uncanny physical resemblance to the
Incarnate Jesus, similarities to the life and ministry of Apostle Paul, he was considered as a Biblical gure coming alive. He travelled extensively
in India and around 24 countries in his missionary work. His thoughts on Prayer, Visions, Bible, and Heaven on Earth etc were so strong and
original, that it even surprised most of the western theologists. His entire theology is based on his personal and spiritual experiences (Anubhava)
with Lord Jesus. His thoughts about the primacy of Prayer in a Christian's life are compa red with that of other great European Christian
mystics like St. Augustine, St Francis of Assisi, and St. Thomas a Kempis. Many of his theological thoughts are similar to that of Luther, even
though he never met him nor read about him, but he also had some differences too. In his various severe sufferings that he faced in his efforts to
preach the Gospel, even when he was persecuted, left to dead, imprisoned in Ilom, dumped in a dark well in Rasar, among skeletons and bones, he
said Christ's presence has turned his prison or hell into a heaven of blessing. In him Christianity and Hinduism meet, and the Christian is like a
ower which blossoms on an Indian stem. He says non-Christians, who did not get an opportunity or left an opportunity to accept Jesus, will get
another opportunity afterlife to have their false and partial views of truth corrected. Even though he says all other religions are inadequate and
only through Jesus one can get salvation, in his fullment approach, he says there is dim measure of “light of the truth” among the followers of
different religions and provides for “continuity” in fullment and that they will eventually get full knowledge of true God, the “True Reality”.
Sundar Singh is thoroughly convinced, that Christianity can enter Indian hearts and souls if offered in Indian form. He had done more than any
man in the rst half of the twentieth century to establish that "Jesus belongs to India” and Christianity is not foreign.
COVID-19 (NOVEL CORONA VIRUS-2019)- TRENDS OF CORONA PANDEMIC OVER A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR IN HIMALAYAN REGION IN INDIA.
Authors: Sharma Kamlesh , Sharma Ram Lal
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 is a emerging disease and is of public health importance.This study was done to analyse the trends of corona
pandemic over a period of one year in Himalayan region in India. Data regarding state statistics from January 2020 to
January 2021,was gathered from various sources. Since objective and authentic data was released by different agencies daily and reported to
WHO, so the state prole of new cases, cumulative cases, recoveries, cumulative deaths, samples tested, positive samples was taken based on
availability of information from National Health Mission site, other state websites and news papers and analysed for various parameters. The
current study conducted in Himachal Pradesh showed Case fatality rate as 1.7%, recovery rate 99% and positivity rate 6.1% with Shimla having
highest CFR 2.5%. Population wise most affected district was Lahul & Spiti with affected population 4.0%.It may be considered as a severe public
health threat of this decade. COVID-19 trends, pattern and its analysis will be very important for control and preventive measures.