bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of autologous versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for peripheral T-cell lymphomas: A multicenter retrospective study in china.
Authors: Gu Zhenyang , Dong Yujun , Fu Xiaorui , Li Nainong , Liu Yao , Wu Xiaoxiong , Wang Yini , Li Yuhang , Ren Hanyun , Zhang Mingzhi , Li Xiaofan , Wang Maihong , Wu Yamei , Liu Daihong , Wang Zhao , Hu Liangding , Huang Wenrong
Published: February 2020

To date, there is no consensus on choosing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) or allogenic HSCT (allo-HSCT) for peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). This study aimed to compare the relative efficacy of auto-HSCT versus allo-HSCT for patients with PTCLs. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study about 128 patients who underwent auto-HSCT (n=72) or allo-HSCT (n=56) at 8 medical centers across China between July, 2007 and June, 2017. With a median follow-up of 30 (2-143) months, outcomes of patients receiving auto-HSCT were better than those in allo-HSCT (3-year OS: 70% versus 46%, P = 0.003; 3-year PFS: 59% versus 44%, P = 0.002). Three-year non relapse rate (NRM) in auto-HSCT recipients was 6%, compared with 27% for allo-HSCT recipients ( P =0.004). There was no difference in relapse rate between these two groups (34% in auto-HSCT versus 29% in allo-HSCT, P =0.84). Specifically, patients with low PIT score who received auto-HSCT group in upfront setting had better outcome than patients with high PIT score (3-year OS: 85% versus 40%, P = 0.003). Regarding remission status before transplantation, patients with CR undergoing auto-HSCT had the best outcome (3-year OS: 88% versus 48% in allo-HSCT; P =0.008). For patients less than CR, the outcome of patients undergoing auto-HSCT was similar to that in allo-HSCT (3-year OS:51% versus 46%; P =0.30). When further checking patients in PD or SD, the survival curve of patients in the allo-HSCT group was better than that in the auto-HSCT group. It is plausible to choose auto-HSCT versus allo-HSCT according PIT score and remission status before transplantation.
Isolation and Characterization of the Roots of Rumex nervosus
Authors: Nigussie Gashaw
Published: February 2020

Rumex nervosus belongs to the family of Polygonaceae,which is traditionally used in Ethiopia to treat various diseases. This prompted us to isolate bioactive compounds from the root of this plant. Ground root parts of Rumex nervosus were subjected to exhaustive extraction successively with petroleum ether and methanol.The solvent from each extract was evaporated under reduced pressure using rotavapour to obtain petroleum ether and methanol extract. Chromatographic purification of the methanol extracts by Column chromatography followed by Preparative Thin layer Chromatography using Chloroform: methanol (9.5:0.5) ratio gave a compound coded as RN-6. The structure of this compound 4-ethylheptyl benzoate was characterized as by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV and IR spectral data.
A Randomized Phase 1 Safety Study of Repeated Doses of Intranasal OP0201 Metered Dose Inhaler Compared to Placebo in Healthy Adults: A Potential Treatment for Otitis Media
Authors: Sirimanne Mai D. , Patel Janak A. , Kankam Martin , Vince Bradley D. , Turkel Catherine C.
Published: February 2020

Background OP0201 Nasal Aerosol is a novel drug-device surfactant product being developed for treatment and prevention of otitis media. The active ingredients in OP0201, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesteryl palmitate (CP), are endogenous to the human nasal and respiratory systems. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety and tolerability of OP0201 in healthy adults. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study with a dose-escalation cohort design to evaluate 30 mg/day (Cohort A) and 60 mg/day (Cohort B) of OP0201. Subjects were randomized 4:1 to receive either OP0201 or placebo 3 times per day for 14 consecutive days. Treatment was administered via a metered dose inhaler and sprayed directly backwards into each nostril. Primary endpoints were adverse events, otoscopy, tympanometry, nasal and epipharynx endoscopy, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), audiology pure-tone hearing test, 12-lead electrocardiography, physical examination, vital signs, and clinical laboratory tests. Exploratory endpoints included baseline-adjusted maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (tmax) of DPPC and CP on Day 14 in Cohort B. Results 101 participants were screened, and 30 were randomized (15 per cohort; n=12 OP0201, n=3 placebo). No deaths, serious adverse events, or treatment-emergent adverse events leading to study discontinuation were reported. No clinically significant deviations from baseline were found in any of the primary endpoints. Serum DPPC and CP concentrations on Day 14 were comparable to baseline in the OP0201 group and numerically higher in the placebo group. Mean baseline-corrected serum DPPC Cmax on Day 14 was 0.82 µg/mL with OP0201 and 4.51 µg/mL with placebo, with a median tmax observed at 0.05 hours for both groups. Mean baseline-corrected serum CP Cmax on Day 14 was 14.89 µM with OP0201 and 89.50 µM with placebo, with a median tmax observed at 0.05 and 0.22 hours for OP0201 and placebo, respectively. Conclusions OP0201 was safe and well tolerated in healthy adults. There were no supraphysiologic systemic concentrations of DPPC or CP after local intranasal administration of a 60 mg/day dose of OP0201. These outcomes support continued development of OP0201 with future studies in a patient population.
The Effect of Aquatic Exercise and Swimming on Standing Stability of Three Different Clinical Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Karimi mohammad , Marvi-Esfahani Mahnaz
Published: February 2020

Objective It was a survey of the effect of a combined program of aquatic exercise and swimming on standing stability of three different clinical forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Design 31 MS subjects were divided into three groups, based on spasticity, ataxia and ataxic-spastic syndromes. Standing stability was assessed in open and closed eyes conditions in quiet standing by use of Kistler force platform. The Ashworth Scale and Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS) were used to determine the rate of spasticity and ataxia rating, respectively. All patients participated in the intervention (3 sessions in week for 2 months). All tests repeated after the exercise. Paired t-test and ANOVAs (repeated measure) were used to determine the effects of exercise on standing stability parameters. Result The total path length of center of pressure (eyes open position) before intervention was 1415.5±575.75mm, 1216.4±817.38mm and 1662.3±540.27mm compared to 1119.7±435.51mm, 655.53±256.31mm and 1169.6±369.67mm after intervention in ataxic, spastic and ataxic-spastic subjects, respectively (p<0.04). The rate of spasticity, EDSS and BARS decreased after the exercise program (p<0.05). Conclusion Aquatic exercise and swimming skill improved MS subjects' standing stability. Therefore, they are recommended to use the aquatic training as a complement treatment aside from medication treatments.
Single berry sampling reveals novel insights into transcriptomic changes induced by leafroll virus infections in grapevine (V. vinifera)
Authors: Ghaffari Sana , Reynard Jean Sébastien , Rienth Markus
Published: February 2020

Background Grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV), the causing agents of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) are amongst the most devastating graft and vector transmitted pathogens in viticulture and responsible for important economic losses in the wine industry. Reported fruit alterations caused by GLD consist in a delay of ripening, a reduction in anthocyanins, aroma compounds and sugar concentration. The molecular interactions underlying the quality deteriorating effects are not well understood so far. The few conducted molecular studies on infected berries did associate the lack of anthocyanin and sugar content with a repression of key genes of the respective pathways. However, sampling protocols in such studies never accounted for berry heterogeneity and potential virus induced phenological shifts. Thus, such commonly used sampling strategies could have introduced unquantifiable biases in gene expression studies which would impede the discovery of novel molecular information. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-1&3 infections on berry physiology of Pinot Noir vines. Berries of different treatments were individually sampled and analyzed for sugar and organic acids. According to this biochemical analysis 2 homogenous stages were reconstituted to circumvent berry heterogeneity and compensate for virus induced phenological shifts. RNA of 18 reconstituted samples (2 stages and 3 treatments) was extracted, sequenced and analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results A total of 2136 transcripts were modulated by GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-1&3 infections. Interestingly the transcriptome of the early ripening berry was much more affected as the later ripening stage. Several pathways related to abiotic and biotic stress, defense mechanism as well as plant immunity showed a virus-induced upregulation in dependence to ripening stage and infection severity. Surprisingly, the previously reported repression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism could not be confirmed by gene expression. This illustrates that the main damaging effect on GLRaV infection is rather related to a phenological shift than to a direct impact on metabolism. Conclusions The here reported results give new insight in the mechanism of leafroll infection and emphasize the importance of the sampling protocol of molecular studies investigating berry metabolism.
The down-regulation of PP2Ac demethylation attenuates learning and memory impairment in Manganism
Authors: Wu Bin , Cai Haiqing , Tang Shen , Xu Yilu , Shi Qianqian , Wei Lancheng , Meng Ling , Wang Xinhang , Xiao Deqiang , Zou Yunfeng , Yang Xiaobo , Li Xiyi , Lu Cailing
Published: February 2020

Background: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is considered a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and catalytic unit methylation of PP2A that relies on methionine and its intermediate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) regulates most of protein phosphorylation. Manganese overload caused methionine decrease and tau phosphorylation in brain. However, the relationship between PP2Ac and manganese poisoning is not fully understood. In present study, we concentrate on the ameliorative effect of PP2Ac demethylation on cognitive impairment induced by manganese. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80; 200-250 g) were divided into Subacute (4W) and chronic (16W) exposure groups. Each exposure group consisted of four treatment groups: control (i.p., saline), Mn, methionine, and methionine plus Mn treatment group. N2a cells with different manganese exposure concentrations were cultured with or without methionine, furthermore, ABL127 is used in follow-up studies. Morris water maze, Alamar Blue assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, liquid chromatography, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay were performed to assess spatial memory, cell viability and apoptosis levels，phosphorylated tau and PP2Ac pathway protein expression, SAM content in brain tissue and cells, oixidative stress related markers. Results: Manganese-exposed rats had elevated levels of phosphorylated Tau and PP2Ac demethylation accompanied by abnormal rise of PPME1 expression in cortex and hippocampus as well as restricted SAM in hippocampus and spatial memory function. Up-regulation of PP2Ac demethylation caused by SAM increase after methionine treatment or PPME1 inhibition after ABL127 treatment significantly reduced p-tau, apoptosis and ROS levels, and increased cell viability and GSH levels. In addition, methionine treatment in vivo significantly increased the number of crossings and reduced the escape latency. Conclusion: Methionine and ABL127 treatment can prevent manganese-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress injury, thus improve spatial memory. This improvement is mediated by down-regulation of PP2Ac demethylation. This study confirms that PP2Ac demethylation plays an important role in manganese neurotoxicity and provides a potentially powerful therapeutic strategy for such neurodegenerative diseases.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of wheat seedling resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Liu Rong , Lu Jing , Du Mei , Zhou Min , Wang Mingxiu , Xing Jiayi , Zhang Chihong , Li Yunfang , Wu Yu , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2020

Background: Stripe rust or yellow rust (Yr), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici (Pst), is one of the most globally devastating fungal disease that significantly reduces yield and quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Although some Yr genes have been successfully used in wheat breeding and a little number of them have been cloned, large of the regulating networks and the molecular mechanisms of Pst resistance remains unknown. In this study, a pair of Yr-gene pyramiding line L58 and its background parent cv. Chuanyu12 (CY12) were used to study the transcriptome profiles after inoculated with Pst physiological race CYR34. Results: The results revealed that the different expression genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathways after Pst-CYR34 inoculation. Compared with CY12, L58 showed greater up-regulated DEGs in those pathways by Pst infection at 24hpi. However, these DEGs became lower expression in L58 and opposite expression in CY12 at 7dpi. Besides, the activities of enzymes (PAL, POD) and products of phenylpropanoid pathway (lignin content) were significantly increased in both CY12 and L58, and the increase was greater and faster in the resistant line L58. Some candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs) associated with Pst resistance were identified, including LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase, disease resistance protein, MYB, NAC and WRKY transcription factors involved in the fine-tuning of Pst infection responses. Conclusions: Our results give insights into the regulating networks of Pst resistance and pave the way for durable resistant breeding in bread wheat.
Effect of a Mobile Application intervention on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Healthy Marriage among Youth in Iran
Authors: Torkian Sahebjan , Mostafavi Firoozeh , Pirzadeh Asiyeh
Published: February 2020

Background:Pre-marriage counseling coupled with enriching the couple's relationships skills can lead to better relationships. New approaches and programs are being developed today to improve youth skills. Mobile app education is one of the new educational models in this field. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mobile app intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of youth for healthy marriage.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 on 88 young people (44 couples) who were selected by convenience sampling from youth referred to the premarital counseling center of Falavarjan city (Isfahan). At first, the pre-marriage skills training and counseling app was designed and produced, then this app was installed on the intervention group's cellphone. Data were collected using questionnaire based on the content of the app and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS (20) and paired t-test and independent t-test were applied. Results:The mean (SD) of couples' age was 21.11 (5.06) years. The results showed that after installation of educational consulting app in the intervention group, the mean score of knowledge (P = 0.001), attitude (P = 0.001), and practice (P = 0.001) after intervention were significantly higher than before the intervention. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that using mobile-based educational and counseling app increases couples' knowledge, attitude and practice in pre-marital education. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of education (mobile app) be used to promote pre-marriage education classes.
Genomic characterization of fecal microbial communities in severely sick humans and broiler chickens using next generation sequencing
Authors: Afridi Ome Kalsoom , Ali Johar , Chang Jeong Ho
Published: February 2020

Background: Microbiota plays an important role in food safety and its alteration poses a serious threat to humans. Comparative microbiome profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS) enabled the understanding of microbial diversity and similarity between different species. In this study, we used NGS to profile the fecal microbiota of sick human and broiler chickens. A total of 26 fecal samples were collected from severely sick human subjects (n= 13) and broiler chickens (n=13) with similar symptoms. Results: The total number of microbial species detected in broiler chickens fecal microbiota was higher than that of humans. Phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant in both human and broiler chickens fecal microbiota while Tenericutes was found to be least abundant in both species. Phylum Actinobacteria was found only in the human fecal microbiota. In both humans and broiler chickens, E.coli was found to be phylogenetically related suggesting a microbial association between both species. Conclusion: NGS based taxonomic profiling revealed the association of microbial dysbiosis with extreme sickness in both humans and broiler chickens. The dominance of phylum Proteobacteria in both the species ascertains their altered gut microbiota. Both human and broiler chickens microbial communities were found to be genetically related indicating horizontal transfer of microbes between the two species.
Development and evaluation of an indirect ELISA for the detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae natural infection but not inactivated bacterin vaccination
Authors: Ding Honglei , Wen Yukang , Xu Zuobo , Tlili Chaker , Tian Yaqin , Wang Zhaodi , Ning Yaru , Xin Jiuqing
Published: February 2020

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary pathogen of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS). Vaccination with inactivated bacterin is the most popular and practical measure to control MPS. However, these commercial vaccines have a limited effect on the transmission of microorganism and cannot prevent colonization. Therefore, after immunization with inactivated bacterin, M. hyopneumoniae colonized on the respiratory tract and lungs stimulates the humoral immune responses and produce IgG and IgA antibodies. ELISA is a widely used serological method to detect M. hyopneumoniae antibodies. However, commercial IgG ELISA kit cannot distinguish between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera stimulated by natural infection. SIgA ELISA method is laborious for nasal swab collection, and the amount of each swab sample obtained from the nasal cavity is less compared to the serum sample. Establishment of a discriminative ELISA detecting humoral IgG from convalescent sera but not hyperimmune sera is facilitating to evaluate the natural infection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae after inactivated bacterins vaccination. Result: We expressed and purified a recombinant protein named Mhp366-N which contains an epitope recognized by the convalescent sera but not hyperimmune sera. The developed discriminative IgG-ELISA could discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera, and was reproducible, sensitive, and specific to M. hyopneumoniae antibody produced by natural infection. Compared to SIgA-ELISA method, discriminative IgG-ELISA was more convenient to detect IgG antibody from sera than IgA from nasal swabs, although it is limited sensitivity in the early stages of infection. Additionally, to some extent, it has a potential to avoid the interference of maternally derived IgG antibodies. Conclusions: The established discriminative IgG-ELISA was efficient to judge the serological IgG antibodies induced from natural infection or inactivated vaccine stimulation and provided a useful method to investigate and evaluate the live organism infection after the application of inactivated bacterin.
Maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism does not affect live birth rate following IVF in Chinese Han population: a retrospective cohort study of 1265 women
Authors: Zeng Hong , Xie Hebin , He Dongmei , Zhao Yuhao , Liu Nenghui
Published: February 2020

Backgrounds: MTHFR is a key enzyme for folic acid metabolism and is important for reproduction. However, whether MTHFR C677T genotype affect live birth rate following IVF is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and live birth rate following IVF. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 1265 women undergoing first IVF -ET cycle (2015-2017) in Reproductive Medicine Center of Xiangya Hospital. The patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years and maximum of 5 years, the observation endpoint is live birth, or all the embryos derived from the first stimulation cycle are transferred. The study population was divided into three groups based on MTHFR C677T genotype (MTHFR 677CC, MTHFR 677CT, MTHFR 677TT). The primary outcomes are live birth rate and cumulative live birth. The secondary outcomes including laboratory parameters (number of oocytes, number of 2PNs, number of available embryos, number of good embryos) and clinical parameters (chemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, preclinical pregnancy loss rate, miscarriage rate). The logistic regression analysis with different adjusted models were used to analyze the association of MTHFR C677T genotype and live birth. Results: Among the 1265 participants, 541 were MTHFR 677CC genotype, 585 were MTHFR 677CT genotype, and 139 were MTHFR 677TT genotype. The live birth rate was 43.6%, 44.8%, and 40.3% (p-value = 0.63), and the cumulative live birth rate per stimulation cycle was 54.7%, 53.5%, and 51.8% (p-value =0.81) in MTHFR 677CC group, MTHFR 677CT group, and MTHFR 677TT group, respectively. The secondary laboratory outcomes and clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the three groups. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association of MTHFR C677T genotype and live birth whether in model 1 (p-value for trend = 0.63) , model 2 (p-value for trend = 0.63), or model 3 (p-value for trend = 0.59). Conclusions: MTHFR C677T genotype does not significantly affect live birth rate and cumulative live birth rate following first IVF in Chinese Han couples.
Outcomes, Complications, and Technical Aspects of One-Level Vertebral Column Decancellation Osteotomy for Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Experience of 39 Patients with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Xin Zhijun , Zheng Guoquan , Feng Xinwen , Huang Peng , Zhang Xuesong , Liao Wenbo , Wang Yan
Published: February 2020

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of one-level vertebral column decancellation (VCD) for the correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) will beneficial for clarify the application of this procedure. Methods With a minimum 2-year follow-up, 39 AS patients with kyphotic deformity who underwent one-level VCD were retrospectively reviewed. The operation time, blood loss, and perioperative complications were investigated to evaluate the technical safety. Pre- and postoperative radiographic and clinical parameters were compared to evaluate the technical efficacy. Results All of the osteotomy sites were located between T12 and L3. With an average operation time of 257.8±49.9 minutes, the average blood loss was 596.1±218 ml. 4 patients (10.3%) experienced complications during the follow-up period, while no deaths or complete paralysis were occurred. With an average correction of 45.07±11.27° have obtained for one-level VCD, the radiographic parameters improved significantly from preoperative to postoperative, including global kyphosis (from 42.05±13.82° to 1.51±12.08°), local kyphosis (from 20.54±15.43° to -24.54±12.83°), lumbar lordosis (from -8.01±16.34° to -42.81±13.98°), and SVA (from 17.47±6.77 cm to 7.45±5.37). At final follow-up, the clinical results were significantly improved compared with the preoperative results, including VAS for back pain (from 6.82±0.91 to 0.15±0.37), CBVA (from 30.44±10.81° to 10.10±3.92°) and all items of SRS-22 questionnaire. Conclusion With an acceptable complication rate, one-level VCD is an effective technique which can provide an average correction of 45° for correcting kyphotic deformity caused by AS, and can achieve good results even for severe AS kyphosis with a necessary correction angular up to 60°.
Circulating exosomal microRNAs as novel detection biomarkers in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Author) Lun Wu(Former Corresponding , Zhou Wen-Bo , Zhou Jiao , Wei Ying , Wang Hong-Mei , Liu Xian-de , Chen Xiao-Chun , Wang Wei , Ye Lin , Yao Li Chao , Chen Qin-Hua , Author) Zhi-Gang Tang(New Corresponding
Published: February 2020

Background Circulating exosomal microRNAs are reflective of the characteristics of the tumor, are valuable biomarkers in different types of tumors, and play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the circulating exosomal microRNAs miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 as novel biomarkers for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).Methods Serum exosomal microRNAs were extracted from the serum of PC and chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients using an RNA Isolation kit. To identify the exosomes in the serum, we used transmission electron micrographs for the crystalline structure, western blotting, and NanoSight for exosomal markers and nanoparticle characterization. The relative expression levels of exosomal microRNAs were quantiﬁed using quantitative PCR and compared between PC and CP patients.Results A total of 40 serum samples (30 PC and 10 CP) were collected. The expression levels of both exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 were obviously higher in PC patients compared with those in CP patients (both P<0.001). However, no signiﬁcant difference in the relative serum levels of free miR-21 and miR-210 was observed between these two groups (both P>0.05). Exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 were related to tumor stage, as well as other factors. The diagnostic of exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 levels was 83% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, when combining the expression of exosomal miRNA with serum CA19-9, the accuracy increased to 90%.Conclusions We herein identified that the serum exosomal miRNAs miRNA-21 and miRNA-210 may be of value as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PC.
Advanced treatment of effluent extended aeration process using biological aerated filter with natural media: modiﬁcation in media, design and backwashing process
Authors: Malakootian Mohammad , Hosseini Saeed , Toolabi Ali
Published: February 2020

Due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks, biological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency and are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media and, at the end of the reactor, a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section was used. This can be considered innovations in the media and filtration. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. Reactor effluent measurement was studied in two steps. In one step, the effluent from the backwashing was returned to the reactor and, in the other step, effluents did not return to the reactor, the comparison of which showed that the backwashing effluent return method had more removal efficiency. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. Finally, the TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. The effect of backwashing effluent return was evaluated on the results of the parameters. Concentration of most of the outflow parameters was less or in accordance with EPA standard 2012.
Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment in patients with tuberculosis symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Divala Titus Henry , Lewis Joe , Bulterys Michelle , Lutje Vittoria , Corbett Elizabeth , Schumacher Samuel , MacPherson Peter
Published: February 2020

Background Identification of symptomatic patients followed by prompt on-site investigation form the foundation of facility-based tuberculosis (TB) screening and diagnosis. However, underdiagnosis is common, contributing to ongoing transmission and adverse health outcomes. Methods We searched (to 22 January 2019) MEDLINE, Embase, and Cinahl for studies investigating the pathway of care for patients (and standardised patients) presenting to health facilities or pharmacies with TB symptoms. We used QUADAS-2 to assess risk of bias. We reported the proportions of symptomatic patients at each stage of the diagnostic and care pathway from symptom screening to treatment initiation. Results After screening 5,062 titles and abstracts, we identified 14 eligible studies. None provided data addressing the full cascade of care from clinical presentation to treatment initiation in the same patient population. Symptom-screening, the critical entry point for diagnosis of TB, was not done for 40%, 50%, and 96% of symptomatic participants in the three studies that reported this outcome. The proportion of symptomatic attendees offered a diagnostic investigation (data available for 13 studies), was very low with a pooled weighted estimate of 38% (IQR: 26% to 51%, range 5% to 84%). Conclusions Inefficiencies of the TB symptom screen-based patient pathway are a major contributor to underdiagnosis of TB in health facilities, and reflect inconsistent implementation of longstanding guidelines to ask all patients attending health facilities about respiratory symptoms and to offer diagnostic tests to all patients promptly once TB symptoms are identified. Better screening tools and interventions to improve the efficiency of TB screening and diagnosis pathways in health facilities are urgently needed.
THE METHODICAL APPROACH TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENTERPRISE ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Mordan Ie. , Sumchenko A.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with generalization of theoretical aspects and practical recommendations on improving the system of management of current assets in modern conditions. The management object are current assets, was studied in detail to build an effective system. The relation of such concepts as "current assets", "circulating capital" is investigated, their common and different characteristics are determined. The grouping of current assets by different classification characteristics (sources of formation, composition, level of liquidity, nature of the organization, place in the reproduction process, form of operation, location) is carried out and their value in the production process is determined. It is substantiated that the grouping of current assets is first and foremost of practical importance, allowing to build a clear system of accounting and analysis of the presence and movement of current assets and to form an effective system of their management by individual types.
The thorough analysis of the concepts in the scientific literature of the concept of "management of current assets" is carried out, it is distinguished several approaches to its understanding. The researches made it possible to form an author's definition of a system of management current assets. It is determined that current assets of the management system should be based on a comprehensive approach, the components of which are the objects and subjects of management, the purpose, basic principles and functions, methods and instruments of influence, formalized quantitative and qualitative criteria for achievement of purposes, as well as factors, that shape the environment of the object. The characteristics of each element of the system is presented, including in particular the subjects and objects of management, their interaction is considered, purposes and tasks are defined. It is determined that the functions of the management system are controlling, stabilizing and analytical, and the principles on which it is built - timeliness, unity, continuity, optimality and rationality. The implementation of the current assets management system implies the implementation of a number of sequential measures in the form of certain steps, which are considered in the paper. The proposed working capital management system will make it possible to predict the long-term management strategy of an entity and to improve its overall functioning.
Keywords:
current assets, management of current assets, management system, current assets of the company.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL: A QUESTÃO DO NEXO DE CAUSALIDADE ENTRE A CONDUTA E O DANO CAUSADO POR UM MEMBRO INDETERMINADO DE UM GRUPO
Authors: Jorge Rebeca Dos Santos
Published: February 2020

Analisa a aplicação da Responsabilidade Civil em casos de difícil determinação do agente causador do dano material ou moral que esteja inserido em grupo delimitado de possíveis responsáveis. Ao longo do estudo, é conceituado o termo responsabilidade civil, bem como explanados princípios que o regem e requisitos que o formam, a fim de se identificar os legitimados passivos dentro da problemática proposta. Trava-se uma dualidade entre o que deve prevalecer: a aplicação da reparação pelo verdadeiro agente causador de forma individual ou a reparação do dano como objetivo principal da responsabilidade civil. Diante da inexistência de dispositivo legal específico para regulamentar a responsabilidade civil abordada no trabalho, surge, na doutrina, o clamor pela aplicação do artigo 938 do Código Civil Brasileiro de forma analógica, ou seja, passa-se a utilizar da regra insculpida no referido artigo para responsabilizar uma coletividade supostamente causadora do dano, tendo em vista a impossibilidade de identificação do real causador. Ainda nesse diapasão, o estudo propõe analisar a responsabilidade coletiva como possível solução à tutela do interesse ressarcitório da vítima nos casos apresentados, ao longo da resenha, em que o dano ocorre em virtude de uma ação produzida por uma coletividade de agentes. Ao final do estudo realizado, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica de doutrinas jurídicas e de julgados proferidos por Tribunais de Justiça estaduais, identifica-se a importância social da aplicação da responsabilidade civil coletiva, analogicamente, aos casos de difícil determinação do agente causador do dano material ou moral, a fim de que se dê efetividade ao instituto jurídico da responsabilidade civil ora estudado.
EIGHT: UM PERCURSO DE APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Mendes Andreia Almeida , Fragelli Ricardo Ramos
Published: February 2020

Este artigo propõe relatar a experiência de aplicação, testagem e validação do percurso de aprendizagem "Eight", idealizado e criado pelo professor Ricardo Fragelli, da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), no 2º período do curso de Medicina da UNIFACIG, durante o segundo semestre de 2018, na disciplina de Metodologia Científica. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, a escolha dos participantes foi por conveniência, considerando como critério de inclusão o fato de terem sido alunos da turma em que o método foi testado. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se de um questionário aberto simples em ambiente on-line, de participação voluntária, com o intuito de permitir aos alunos relatarem sua percepção enquanto participantes do método através de pequenos depoimentos. Registrou-se que, a partir do processo de identificação de problemas, proposição de possíveis soluções, escolha de uma dessas soluções e planejamento para resolver o problema, houve o  desenvolvimento de inúmeras habilidades e competências nos alunos envolvidos neste projeto.
Atravessando Fronteiras: os padrões de relações entre sociedade civil e Estado e a produção de políticas públicas
Authors: Vasconcelos Rocha Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2020

O trabalho busca desenvolver a hipótese de uma confluência entre duas perspectivas teóricas que buscam explicar a tomada de decisões públicas: a centrada na sociedade civil e a centrada no Estado. Isso éfeito através de uma análise da literatura. A tese é que as teorias focadas exclusivamente em análises sustentadas em fatores societais ou institucionais apresentam problemas. A confluência dessas teorias revela uma tentativa de ultrapassar essas abordagens polares. No entanto, até o momento, o movimento de confluência não logrou ultrapassar essa dicotomia, permanecendo problemas analíticos relevantes. Umaproposta alternativa apresentada é trabalhar com o conceito de policy entrepreneurs, especialmente aqueles que transcendem as duas esferas em suas ações. São atores que agem simultaneamente na dimensãoda sociedade e do Estado. A política de saúde no Brasil é tomada como exemplo para a discussão.
Palavras-chave: Decisões públicas. Movimentos sociais. Estado. Reforma sanitária.
Intensificação Laboral e Identidade Profissional: o Professor de Sociologia do Ensino Médio da cidade de Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Ferreira Laura Senna , Pompeu Dionas Ávila
Published: February 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar as atuais configurações do trabalhodos docentes da educação básica do estado do Rio Grande do Sul,com foco sobre os que ministram a disciplina de Sociologia no ensinomédio das escolas público-estaduais da cidade de Santa Maria. Paratal, recorremos tanto à aplicação de questionários como à realizaçãode entrevistas. Exercitamos o debate sobre as formas de racionalizaçãono mundo do trabalho e suas particularidades no ambiente escolar.Focamos no conceito de intensificação e nas mudanças mais contemporâneasque ocorreram no universo laboral e seus impactos externos.Constatamos que a inadequação entre a formação inicial e a disciplinade Sociologia, bem como elementos de ordem estrutural, impacta demaneira significativa o caráter de artífice e as identidades profissionaisdos docentes.

Palavras-chave: Profissão docente. Identidade Profissional. Sociologiano Ensino Médio. Racionalização do Mundo Laboral. Intensificaçãodo trabalho.
Primer registro de Macrovalsaria megalospora (Dothideomycetes-Ascomycota) en Colombia
Authors: Raymundo Tania , Martínez Pineda Michelle , Osorio-Navarro Yulena S. , Chamorro-Martínez Hannya A. , Valenzuela Garza Ricardo
Published: February 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Macrovalsaria es un género monotípico de Dothideomycetes, ampliamente citado de regiones tropicales y secas en África, Asia y Australia. En América solo se ha descrito de Guayana Francesa y México, por lo que en el presente estudio se tiene por objetivo reportar a Macrovalsaria megalospora por primera vez para Colombia.
Métodos: Los ejemplares se recolectaron en la región Caribe de Colombia; al mismo tiempo se registraron los hospederos en los cuales crecían, se describieron y determinaron de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales en micología. Adicionalmente, las esporas se observaron en el microscopio electrónico de barrido. El material está depositado en los herbarios ENCB y HEUS, de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional en México y de la Universidad de Sucre, Colombia, respectivamente.
Resultados clave: Se presenta la descripción de Macrovalsaria megalospora de Colombia, una especie que se caracteriza por formar pseudotecios errumpentes, gregarios en árboles recíen muertos de Ficus americana y Terminalia amazonia.
Conclusiones: Esta especie se distribuye ampliamente en diversas zonas de la región Paleotropical y recientemente se ha descubierto en la Neotropical; no obstante, es necesario realizar una revisión filogenética de los especímenes determinados como Macrovalsaria megalospora de todas las áreas tropicales del mundo, y corroborar tanto que se trata de un género monotípico, como la importancia que tiene como fitopatógena.
Economic History and Philosophy, Summaries of the Autumn 2018-Spring 2019 WAEHS
Authors: Curtis Jr James E
Published: February 2020

Curtis Jr (2018) provides exhibits from January 4-7, 2018 American Economic Association, in coordination with the Allied Social Sciences Association Conference, in Philadelphia, PA, witb four tables describing i. a dictionary of higher education research products, ii. applied research conference and journal publication systems, and iii. empirical labor market studies. Curtis Jr (2019) provides summaries from the 2018-2019 Washington Area Economic History Seminar, WAEHS, hosted by American University, Washington DC USA, and George Mason University, Arlington VA USA, with three exhibits for each of the four seminars, i. the flyer from American University Department of Economics, ii. the paper abstracts from author’s and presenters, with the theme of Economic History, from presenters invited from colleges and universities throughout the USA, and iii. the seminar summaries of Curtis Jr (2019), using a research archivist sequence of information. Contributions of Curtis Jr (2019) include I. a brief history of four philosophers, II. the economic demography of US political parties, III. an asymmetry hypothesis in labor market interventions, where high skilled labor are sub-grouped disenfranchised, and IV. a restatement of the political economy modes of production. The attendees of the history seminar included, i. college/university faculty, ii. federal government economic researchers, and iii. private sector economic history researchers. Curtis Jr (2019) divided the presentation of this paper into 5 sections, (1) an introduction to the history of the theory of knowledge, i.e., Philosophy, of collegiate topics, i.e., economic history, (2) comparisons to the Economic History Association and WAEHS exhibits, (3) Research Observations by Curtis Jr (2019), (4) Results and Conclusion, and (5) Research References.
Livestock Handling at the Abattoir: Effects on Welfare and Meat Quality
Authors: Grandin Temple
Published: February 2020

Low-stress handling that uses behavioral principles can help reduce bruises and improve meat quality in cattle, pigs, and sheep. Short-term stressors before stunning, such as electric prod use or jamming in the race, may increase Pale, Soft, Exudative meat in pork and reduce tenderness in beef. Longer term stresses may increase Dark, Firm and Dry meat. Continuous assessment of livestock handling practices is recommended. Handlers should be trained to move small groups of livestock. They also need to understand behavioral principles. The most important ones are flight zone and the point of balance at the shoulder. Calm animals will be easier to handle. Simple economical improvements in races and lairages can help facilitate animal movement through the facility. The movement of livestock can often be improved by (1) installation of a light at a dark stun box entrance, (2) moving lamps to reduce reflections on shiny metal, (3) installation of solid shields to prevent incoming animals from seeing people on moving conveyors, (4) redirection of air flow at the stun box entrance, or (5) in elevated conveyor restrainers, use of a false floor to prevent entering animals from seeing the “visual cliff ” effect. Continuous assessment and supervision are required to maintain low-stress handling methods.
Servant leadership behavior: Effects on leaders’ work–family relationship
Authors: Zhou Danni , Liu Shengmin , Xin Huanhuan
Published: February 2020

We examined the process of leaders’ resource loss through servant leadership behavior (SLB) based on conservation of resources theory. Participants were 72 department managers each paired with 1 of their subordinates, who were employed by 5 enterprises in Eastern China. We used the experience sampling method, and asked the department managers to complete a 10-day diary survey. The employees filled in a conscientiousness scale. A multilayer linear model was used for data analysis. The results showed that as participants’ SLB led to daily resource loss, the relationship between their work and their family life deteriorated. In addition, employee conscientiousness acted as an escape valve, slowing the loss effect of SLB, and indicating that servant leaders experience less resource loss and emotional exhaustion when employees have a strong sense of responsibility. These results broaden understanding of, and provide new i
DIREITOS HUMANOS E HEGEMONIA: ORIGENS E ALTERNATIVAS AO UNIVERSALISMO
HUMAN RIGHTS AND HEGEMONY: ORIGINS AND AL-TERNATIVES TO UNIVERSALISM
Authors: Schneider Gabriela , Silva Igor Castellano da
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo se propõe a colaborar com a discussão interdisciplinar sobre as origens da concepção de direitos humanos e busca alternativas e possibilidades para a reconstrução de suas concepções dominantes. O argumento sustentado, informado pela teoria neogramsciana das Relações Internacionais, é que a concepção ocidental de direitos humanos, individualista e pretensamente universal, predominou internacionalmente mediante um processo de construção hegemônica composto da configuração de ideias, instituições e poder.
SHOULD THE AREA BE MINED? THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON DEEP-SEA MINING
A ÁREA DEVERIA SER MINERADA? O PRINCÍPIO DA PRECAUÇÃO E OS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DA MINERAÇÃO EM FUNDOS MARINHOS
Authors: Moreira Felipe Kern , Teixeira Felipe de Macedo
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the precautionary principle in the regulations of seabed exploitation activities. In order to do this, it relates the current Mining Code with the events that served as the basis for the Code negotiation. The methodology applied in this research is predominantly qualitative and of the document analysis procedure. The documents examined are the rules and jurisdictional decisions emanated from the International Seabed Authority. In summary, this article analyzes the adoption of the precautionary principle in recent normative and decisional constructions regarding mining activities and environmental impacts in the deep seabed. In conclusion, it is pointed to the construction of a normative arrangement of jurisdictional consolidation of the precautionary principle in the exploration activities of the deep seabed. Moreover, given the uncertain nature of the consequences that mining in the deep seabed will bring, the adoption of the principle arises to ensure the reduction of environmental impacts.
A RECOMENDAÇÃO (2000)19 DO CONSELHO DA EUROPA E O INQUÉRITO Nº 4.781 DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE RECOMMENDATION REC (2000)19 AND THE BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT INVESTIGATION Nº 4.781
Authors: Beggiato Túlio Fávaro
Published: February 2020

A análise a respeito da (in)adequação de procedimento investigatório instaurado e conduzido pela Corte Constitucional brasileira demanda a utilização de standards internacionais. A convergência internacional em temas que dizem respeito aos direitos humanos deve ser levada a sério na interpretação doméstica do modelo acusatório implementado pela Constituição de 1988. A maturação de novos horizontes culturais com a expansão material da proteção dos direitos humanos solidificou a radical separação de funções entre o órgão de acusação e o órgão julgador. A especialização de um órgão que conduz ou supervisiona a investigação e realiza a acusação assegura o interesse público no enfrentamento da criminalidade ao tempo que garante a imparcialidade do julgador. A condição de terceiro do órgão julgador evita a concentração de poderes com potenciais abusos em face de suspeitos, como garantia do devido processo legal. A contextualização a respeito da autoridade e do prestígio da recomendação Rec(2000)19 advinda do Conselho da Europa faz-se necessária para fins de aquilatar o valor da complementaridade entre a acusação e o órgão julgador, com a decorrente autocontenção judicial, como fator de legitimação da justiça criminal e de proteção aos direitos humanos.