bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing and Manufacturing the Press Tool of Air Bending V Brake
Authors: Nur Rusdi , Suyuti Muhammad Arsyad , Iswar Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the metal forming process in the welding machinery and machinery industry is developing very rapidly, especially in the bending process. The buckling process is a metal formation which generally uses sheet plates or rods from both ferrous and non-ferrous metals by bending, which in the bending process will cause a stretching or stretching on the neutral axis of the field along the bending area and producing a straight bending line. Appropriate technology machines have been widely used to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in the production process for community efforts. One of the appropriate technologies that can be applied in buckling is a tool equipped with a press tool. Press tool is one type of tool for the formation, cutting and bending of products from the base material of sheet plates whose operation uses a press machine. In this study, a V brake bending tool has been produced which has a capacity that is bending line length 300 mm, bending width 33 mm, spring height 110 mm, free step distance 19 mm, spring load received 263,820 N and material capacity that can be bent is a thickness of 3 mm, the punch angle used is 85⁰ with a punch radius used which is 1.5 mm while the die angle is 85⁰
PENGALAMAN HIDUP PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU USIA DEWASA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GEROKGAK I, KABUPATEN BULELENG, PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Lestari Ni Kadek Dwi Ari , Putra Putu Wira Kusuma , Laksmi Ida Ayu Agung
Published: December 2019

Tuberkulosis paru adalah penyakit menular seringkali dikaitkan dengan kemiskinan dan umumnya menyerang rentang usia produktif (15-59 tahun). Indonesia termasuk peringkat ke-5 dunia dengan kasus TB paru terutama masalah Multi Drug Resistent (MDR). Tujuan penelitian mengetahui bagaimana pengalaman hidup, makna hidup, hambatan serta harapan hidup penderita TB paru. Penelitian ini penelitian kualititatif fenomenologi, menggunakan desain deskriptif fenomenologi dengan metode wawancara mendalam. Data dikumpulkan melalui rekaman wawancara, catatan dan dokumentasi lapangan dianalisis dengan teknik Creswell empat strategi. Terdapat empat makna hasil penelitian yaitu pengalaman kehidupan penderita TB paru terindikasi buruk, makna hidup penderita TB paru adalah penderitaan, hambatan kehidupan yang dirasakan penderita TB paru berupa hambatan fisik (cepat lelah, nafsu makan menurun, batuk, lemas, dan sesak), hambatan psikologi (rasa bosan dalam mengonsumsi obat TB), hambatan sosial (berkurangnya interaksi sosial) hambatan finansial (tidak bekerja sama sekali dan berdiam diri di tempat tinggalnya), dan harapan kehidupan penderita TB paru menginginkan sembuh dari penyakitnya. Mengingat penyakit TB menyebabkan gangguan fisik, sosial, psikologi, finansial bagi penderitanya, dimana penderita akan merasa menderita, sedih tidak produktif, hidup bosan, maka sangat penting mengintensifkan pola penyuluhan agar masyarakat terhindar dari penyakit TB.
A sonographic comparison of the effect of dry needling and ischemic compression on the active trigger point of the sternocleidomastoid muscle associated with cervicogenic headache: A randomized trial
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Bahrpeyma Farid , Jafari Mehdi , Nasiri Azadeh
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is among the common types of headache which has an undesirable influence on the quality of life. The myofascial trigger point (MTrP) within the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is one of the most important causes of CeH. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dry needling (DN) and ischemic compression (IC) on the headache symptoms as well as MTrP-related features in subjects with CeH originating from MTrPs of the SCM muscle using a sonographic method. METHODS: A total of 29 female subjects aged 35.34 ± 12.19 on average with a clinical diagnosis of CeH originating from MTrP in the SCM muscle were randomly divided into the DN, IC, and control groups. Both DN and IC groups received 4 treatment sessions. Headache intensity, duration, frequency, MTrP elastic modulus, MTrP area, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed 2 weeks before and after treatments. RESULTS: In both DN and IC groups, a significant improvement was found in the headache intensity, duration, frequency, PPT, and MTrP area (P< 0.05). No significant differences were observed between DN and IC (P> 0.05). Pearson correlation revealed a significant correlation between headache intensity and the MTrP elastic modulus (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions could reduce headache symptoms, PPT, and MTrP area. Neither intervention was found to be superior to the other in short-term follow-up. IC may be preferred since it has fewer unwanted side effects compared to DN. Based on the data, it may be concluded that some MTrP biomechanical features such as stiffness may influence the produced headache symptoms.
Balance and Mobility Performance Along the Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum
Authors: Yoon Bora , Choi Seong Hye , Jeong Jee Hyang , Park Kyung Won , Kim Eun-Joo , Hwang Jihye , Jang Jae-Won , Kim Hee Jin , Hong Jin Yong , Lee Jong-Min , Kang Ju-Hee , Yoon Soo Jin
Published: December 2019

Background:

Balance impairments are common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia.

Objective:

We sought to determine the stage along the AD spectrum during which balance impairments appear and identify factors associated with a decline in balance function.

Methods:

Our cross-sectional study included 295 participants; 71 were cognitively normal (CN), 96 reported subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 72 had amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 56 had AD dementia. The balance and mobility function was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the One-Leg Standing Test (OLST).

Results:

Participants in the MCI and AD dementia groups were older than those in the cognitively normal and SCD groups. TUG and OLST test scores were linearly correlated with Mini-Mental Status Examination-Korean Version score (MMSE-KC). TUG score increased with greater AD spectrum severity (all p < 0.001), whereas OLST score showed a precipitous impairment starting in the SCD group (all p < 0.001), even after adjusting for age, sex, MMSE-KC, Geriatric depression scale, and body mass index. Based on subgroup analyses, in females and apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ɛ4 carriers, there was significant balance/mobility impairment in the SCD group when compared to the CN group.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that balance/mobility is related to cognitive function and that balance/mobility impairment can be observed beginning in the SCD stage. Furthermore, CN females and APOE ɛ4 carriers had better balance and mobility when compared to females and APOE ɛ4 carriers along the ADD spectrum/with cognitive impairment respectively.
Vascular Risk Factors and Alzheimer’s Disease: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Metabolic Syndromes, and Molecular Links
Authors: He Jin-Ting , Zhao Xin , Xu Lei , Mao Cui-Ying
Published: December 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, marked by cortical and hippocampal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive impairment. Studies indicate a prominent link between cerebrovascular abnormalities and the onset and progression of AD, where blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and metabolic disorders play key risk factors. Pericyte degeneration, endothelial cell damage, astrocyte depolarization, diminished tight junction integrity, and basement membrane disarray trigger BBB damage. Subsequently, the altered expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products at the microvascular endothelial cells dysregulate Aβ transport across the BBB. White matter lesions and microhemorrhages, dyslipidemia, altered brain insulin signaling, and insulin resistance contribute to tau and Aβ pathogenesis, and oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and hypoperfusion serve as mechanistic links between pathophysiological features of AD and ischemia. Deregulated calcium homeostasis, voltage gated calcium channel functioning, and protein kinase C signaling are also common mechanisms for both AD pathogenesis and cerebrovascular abnormalities. Additionally, APOE polymorphic alleles that characterize impaired cerebrovascular integrity function as primary genetic determinants of AD. Overall, the current review enlightens key vascular risk factors for AD and underscores pathophysiologic relationship between AD and vascular dysfunction.
Prediction of temperature rise for ventilated dry-type transformer by 3-D coupled magneto-fluid-thermal model
Authors: Yan Xinxiao , Li Yongjian , Cheng Zhiguang , Zhang Changgeng
Published: December 2019

A 3-D coupled magneto-fluid-thermal model is established for temperature rise prediction in a ventilated dry-type transformer rated at 2500 kVA. In order to accurately estimate electromagnetic losses, a three-dimensional (3-D) transient finite element method considering the effect of eddy-current losses on the foil type windings is proposed. Besides, two orthogonal B- P loss curves are adopted to model the anisotropy of grain-oriented (GO) silicon steel. The non-uniform power losses of winding and core are mapped into the thermal field as heat sources. Moreover, the transformer structures such as the narrow struts, insulation barrier and clamps are considered to improve the computational accuracy of air velocity and temperature distribution. At last, the test of temperature rise has been carried out to verify the proposed model.
ANALISIS PERILAKU PRODUSEN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PRODUK BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Zulkarnain Iskandar , W Hestu Nugroho
Published: December 2019

AbstrakAnalisis perilaku produsen dalam mengembangkan produk berbasis kearifan lokal tangerang selatan.Pembahasan tentang perilaku seorang produsen digunakan untuk melihat sejauh mana sebuah usaha yang dimiliki oleh perorangan atau perusahaan dalam memproduksi kebutuhan-kebutuhan konsumennya. Sehingga produsen dapat melakukan pengambilan keputusan mengenai seberapa banyak peralatan produksi dan jumlah tenaga kerja untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen-konsumennya terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Secara garis besar, perilaku produsen dapat dijelaskan melalui 3 komponen yaitu ; personal service berkaitan dengan kejujuran seorang produsen, kedua kemampuan komunikasi yang lebih cenderung penggunaan tutur kata yang santun seorang produsen, dan yang ketiga ESQ yaitu seorang produsen sepatutnya memiliki kecerdasan mengelola emosi dan kecerdasan spiritual. Dengan melakukan tiga langkah tersebut, maka seorang produsen secara otomatis akan memberikan service excellence kepada para konsumen dan pelanggan. Pelayanan prima yang diharapkan seorang produsen tidak hanya pada aspek profit oriented melainkan juga people oriented. Ketiga konsep tentunya akan mempengaruhi pemberdayaan produk berbasis kearifan lokal Tangerang Selatan mulai dari tingkat daerah sampai tingkat pusat. Produk lokal Tangerang Selatan yang masih eksis sampai sekarang di antaranya yaitu batik, jeruk baper, dodol, dan masih ada beberapa produk lokal lainnya yang perlu dipertahankanKata kunci: Perilaku Produsen, Produk Lokal
ANALISIS PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL (CAR) DANDANA PIHAK KETIGA (FDR) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (ROA) DENGAN KREDIT BERMASALAH (NPF) SEBAGAI VARIBEL INTERVENING PADA PERBANKAN UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Marisya Fitria
Published: December 2019

This research focuses on the analysis of the influence of capital structure (Capital Adequacy Ratio/ CAR) and third-party Funds (Financing to Deposit Ratio/ FDR) towards Profitability (Return on Asset/ ROA) with Troubled Financing (Non Performing Financing/ NPF), as the Intervening Variables in the Public Sharia Banking In Indonesia. The data was obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD)and analyzed using Path Analysis with the help of AMOS programs22.The test results show some impact as follows: 1. The CAR has a positive and significant to FDR. 2. The NPF is not positive and significant to FDR. 3. The CAR is positive and significant to ROA. 4. The NPF is negative and significant to ROA. 5.The FDR is positive and significant to ROA. 6.The FDR is a significant intervening intervening variable between CAR and ROA in the form of partial mediation. 7.The FDRisasignificantandinfluential variable intervening between the NPF and ROA in the form of partial mediation. This research isexpected to be beneficial to investors, among others, and this research can be used as a consideration in making investment decisions. Also, the researchers can use this as a reference for any research related to capital structure (CAR), third-party Funds (FDR), profitability (ROA), and was the troubled Financing(NPF).
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH BERBASIS AKRUAL, SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN DAN KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH (STUDI KASUS INSPEKTORAT KABUPATEN BENGKULU TENGAH)
Authors: Fitriyani Novita , Herawati Helmi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine how much influence the Accrual Based Accounting, Internal Control Systems and Financial Statement Quality on the Accountability of Government Institution Performance, at the Central Bengkulu District Inspectorate.Based on the results and hypothesis testing that has been described, accrual-based accounting has a significant effect with the value of 0.714 on the accountability of government performance in the Central Bengkulu District Inspectorate. This shows that in the first hypothesis Accrual Based Accounting the hypothesis is accepted.

The internal control system has a significant effect with a value of 0.801 on the accountability of government performance in the Central Bengkulu District Inspectorate. This shows that in the second hypothesis, the internal control system is accepted.

The quality of financial statements has a significant effect with a value of 0.774 on the accountability of government performance in the Central Bengkulu Inspectorate, this shows in the third hypothesis The quality of the financial statements is accepted.

So that it can be concluded that Accrual Based Accounting, Internal Control System and Quality of Financial Statements have a significant effect on the accountability of the performance of government agencies in the Central Bengkulu Inspectorate, with a value of 82% and the rest is influenced by other factors outside the X variable in this study.
DIEP Flep ile Meme Rekonstrüksiyonunda “SPY” Kullanımı: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: KASTAMONİ Menekşe , KÖSE Fatma Bilge , AKIN Selçuk
Published: December 2019

Meme kanseri her 8 kadından birinde görülen kadınların en sık 2. kanseridir. Mastektomi sonrası meme rekonstrüksiyonu implant ile yapılabildiği gibi otolog dokularla da yapılabilir. Olgumuzda, mastektomi öyküsü olan 40 yaş kadın hasta rekonstrüksiyon isteği ile tarafımıza başvurdu. Poliklinik değerlendirmesi sonrası sağ mastektomili ve karında sarkıklığı mevcut olan hastanın derin inferior epigastrik arter perforatör (DIEP) flep ile rekonstrüksiyonu planlandı. Operasyon sırasında flep perfüzyonunu değerlendirmek için “SPY Kızılötesi Floresan Anjiografi Perfüzyon Değerlendirme Cihazı”nı kullanmak amaçlandı. Böylece ameliyat sonrası dolaşım problemi nedeniyle yaşanabilecek komplikasyonlar en aza indirildi. “SPY” cihazını aktif olarak kullandığımız operasyon süreci hakkındaki deneyimlerimizden bahsedeceğiz.
فجوة الشمول المالي والمصرفي في الاقتصادات العربية مع إشارة خاصّة للقطاع المصرفي الإسلامي العربي
Authors: Gharbia Abdelhalim
Published: December 2019

تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى استعراض مفهوم الشمول المالي والمصرفي منمنظور البنوك المركزية العربية والهيئات الإقليمية ذات العلاقة، وتحديد الحواجز والعقبات التي تحول دون تحقيق تقدُّم كبير في توسيع نطاق شمولية الخدمات المالية الإسلامية في الاقتصادات العربية.كما تستخدم هذه الورقة قاعدة بيانات الشمول المالي العالمي للبنك الدولي على أساس قُطري؛ للوقوف بشكل تفصيلي على واقع الشمول المالي والمصرفي فيالاقتصادات العربية، وسدّ الفجوة بين العرض والطّلب على المنتجات المالية والمصرفية. ختاماً؛ تقدِّم هذه الورقة اقتراحات للبنوك المركزية العربية لوضع إستراتيجيات وطنية للشمول المالي والمصرفي تهدف إلى تعزيز مشاركة كافّة الشّائح السكانية في القطاع المالي الرسمي بصورة عادلة وشفّافة ومسؤولة.
نظريات الاستهلاك في الفكر الاقتصادي: أيها تفسر نمط الاستهلاك في اقتصاد إسلامي؟
Authors: Qunduz Abdul Karim
Published: December 2019

وجدت في الفكر الاقتصادي التقليدي نماذج اقتصادية عديدة حاولت تفسير الاستهلاك لدى الأفراد، وتتمتع هذه النظريات بتنوع فريد، بعضها نماذج اقتصادية معيارية تشرح السلوك الذي ينبغي على الفرد اتباعه في الاستهلاك، وبعضها نماذج وصفية تصف سلوكات الأفراد الاستهلاكية كما هي. ولعل من أهم تلك النظريات أو النماذج: نظرية الدخل المطلق لعالم الاقتصاد كينز، ونظرية الدخل النسبي لصاحبها دوشنبيري ونظرية الدخل الدائم لفريدمان ونظرية دورة الحياة لموديغلياني. وقد حظيت كل تلك النظريات بالقبول لدى علماء الاقتصاد، رغم أن لا واحدة منها تنجح بشكل كلي في تفسير أنماط الاستهلاك لدى الأفراد، إذ هي تبرر وتفسر جوانب، وتعجز عن أخرى. غير أننا في الفكر الاقتصادي الإسلامي لا نكاد نجد من وضع نظرية تفسر الاستهلاك لدى الفرد المسلم، وعلاقة ذلك بتحقيق السعادة في حياته الدنيا والأخرى، وارتباط الاستهلاك بنمط الحياة العام للمسلمين، عدا بعض المحاولات التي لا ترقى إلى وصفها
بالنظرية، هذا رغم أن الإسلام قد وضع الأسس الضرورية واللازمة التي تحدد معالم السلوك الرشيد المتعلق بالاستهلاك. انطلاقا من ذلك، تراجع ورقتنا هذه أهم ما كتب في محاولات وضع إطار لنظرية الاستهلاك في اقتصاد إسلامي، مع تقييم المدى الذي يمكن أن تنجح فيه نظريات الاستهلاك )التقليدية( في تفسير سلوك المستهلك المسلم، وما هي الجوانب التي يجب ألا نغفلها عند وضع نظرية للاستهلاك خاصة بالاقتصاد الإسلامي، وهو ما نعتقد أنه يسهم في الجهود المستقبلية لوضع نظرية إسلامية للاستهلاك. الكلمات المفتاحية: الاستهلاك، الاقتصاد الإسلامي، سلوك المستهلك، النماذج المعيارية، النماذج الوصفية.
الحكم الشرعي للاتجار بالديون الناشئة عن الوساطة المالية
Authors: Abozaid Abdulazeem
Published: December 2019

تَركّزُ خلق الديون هو من أخطر ما تواجهه الاقتصاديات المعاصرة، وذلك حاصل من خلال المؤسسات المالية التي يتوافر لديها المال الكثير الآتي من الودائع، فتمولّه هذه المؤسسات للآخرين وتخلق الديون به. ثم تأتي قضية بيع الدين الناشئ عن الوساطة المالية التي تقوم بها المؤسسات التمويلية لتزيد الأمر خطراً وسوءاً. ومجموع هذين الأمرين: خلق الدين ثم بيعه هو من أهم مسببات الأزمات المالية. والأزمة المالية العالمية الأخيرة سنة 2008 ، وقبلها غيرها، هي خير شاهد على هذا؛ فقد خُلقِت ديون عقارية كثيرة ناشئة عن التمويل المنزلي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ثم صُككت هذه الديون وبِيع كثيرٌ منها حسماً في داخل الولايات المتحدة وخارجها، ثم عجز أصحاب الدين العقاري عن الدفع، فتضررت المصارف المقرضة وكل من اشترى تلك الديون العقارية، فكانت أزمةً عالمية. وإن كان الإسلام لا يعارض في الأصل قضية الوساطة المالية، لأن البيع بثمن مؤجل
الأثر الاقتصادي للصكوك السيادية عند تمويل الموازنة العامة » صكوك المشاركة والمضاربة
Authors: Samarah Hussam
Published: December 2019

تهدف الدراسة إلى التّحقق من مدى قدرة الصكوك الإسلامية السيادية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي عبر تمويل الموازنة العامة، وتقوم الدراسة على فرضية وجود علاقة بين الصكوك الإسلامية السيادية والحدّ من المشكلات الاقتصادية؛ واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، الذي من خلاله تناول مكونات الموازنة العامة ودراسة أثرها على المشكلات الاقتصادية؛ وأظهرت الدراسة أن استخدام الصكوك في تعبئة المدخرات لتمويل العجز في الموازنة العامة يؤثّر على عاملين هامين هما: التأثير على كمية النقود المتداولة، والتأثير على الظواهر الاقتصادية، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أنّ استخدام الصكوك في تعبئة المدخرات لتمويل الموازنة يؤثر على كمية النقود، وعلى الظواهر الاقتصادية، وتوصي الدراسة باستخدام صكوك المشاركة في الحالات التي يكون فيها الاقتصاد بحاجة إلى التوسع في الكتلة النقدية المتداولة، بينما يكون استخدام صكوك المضاربة في أوقات ما بعد الإصدار النقدي.
Lefkoşa’da Yaşayan Yetişkin Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Beslenme Durumlarının Saptanması
Authors: Dağ Ayhan
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Lefkoşa’da yaşayan yetişkin bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve beslenme durumlarının saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışma 1550 yetişkin birey ile yapılmıştır. Sosyodemografik özellikleri belirlemek için 26 sorudan oluşan bir anket formu yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış, besin tüketim kayıtları24 saatlik geriye dönük hatırlatma yöntemi kullanılarak kaydedilmiştir.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 34.9±13.66 yıl olan bireylerin %47.3’ü kadın %52.7’si erkektir. Beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) kadınlarda 24.9±5.40 kg/m2 ve erkeklerde ise 25.3±4.11 kg/m2’dir. BKİ sınıflamasına göre kadınların %44.1’i, erkeklerin %50.6’sı hafif şişman ve obezdir. Obezite ile birlikte kronik hastalık görülme sıklığının artığı (p<0.001), eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanlarda ise obezite sıklığının azaldığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Cinsiyete göre bel çevresi ölçümü kadınlarda 83.4±16.64 cm, erkeklerde ise 90.3±13.38 cm’dir. Kadınların %37.9’unun erkeklerin %18.1’nin yüksek riskli grupta yer aldığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Riskli ve yüksek riskli bel/boy oranına sahip kadınların sıklığı %50.2, erkeklerin ise %53.0 olarak bulunmuştur. Kadınların %51.8’inin diyetle karbonhidrat alımları önerilerin altında iken erkeklerde bu sıklık %49.6’dır. Enerjinin yağdan gelen oranı ise kadınlarda %58.9, erkeklerde %51.9 ile önerilerin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu araştırma, Lefkoşa bölgesinde toplumun sağlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesi için bireylerin yeterli ve dengeli beslenmeleri hususunda beslenme eğitimine ihtiyaç olduğuna ışık tutmaktadır.
Główne zagadnienia problematyczne związane z opodatkowaniem nieruchomości w Republice Czeskiej
Authors: Radvan Michal
Published: December 2019

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zainicjowanie debaty na temat pobieranego okresowo podatku od nieruchomości w Republice Czeskiej, a także wskazanie najważniejszych problemów, jakich nastręczają obowiązujące przepisy prawne, oraz zaproponowanie możliwych rozwiązań de lege ferenda. Potwierdzono hipotezę, że podatek od nieruchomości jest podatkiem korzystnym i stanowi tradycyjny element czeskiego systemu podatkowego. Najbardziej problematyczną kwestią są niskie dochody podatkowe. Podatek katastralny nie wydaje się jednak skutecznym rozwiązaniem i dlatego należy utrzymać system, w ramach którego podstawę opodatkowania nieruchomości ustala się w oparciu o wielkość powierzchni. Ustawodawstwo powinno przewidywać jedną maksymalną stawkę podatkową dla każdego typu nieruchomości, natomiast gminy powinny mieć prawo do ustalania własnych stawek podatkowych poniżej tego poziomu. W przepisach prawa powinna także funkcjonować dodatkowa (standardowa) stawka podatkowa, obowiązująca w gminach, które nie ustalają własnych stawek podatkowych.
Jakość przepisów regulujących opodatkowanie nieruchomości w Republice Słowackiej – sprawiedliwość obecnego systemu
Authors: Vartašová Anna , Červená Karolína
Published: December 2019

Artykuł ten zawiera analizę przepisów prawnych dotyczących opodatkowania nieruchomości z punktu widzenia oceny ich jakości przy szczególnym uwzględnieniu zasady sprawiedliwości podatkowej. Autorki doszły do następujących wniosków: A) obecny system jest dość nieskomplikowany i sprzyja gminom, natomiast problematyczne są następujące kwestie: B) fakt nieuwzględniania rzeczywistej wartości nieruchomości, na które nałożone zostało opodatkowanie, a także możliwość stosowania jedynie ograniczonej liczby czynników korygujących, które kalibrują system podatkowy oparty na wielkości powierzchni (choć możliwość stosowania przynajmniej takich czynników stanowi pozytywny aspekt słowackiego systemu opodatkowania nieruchomości), C) rozbieżności w zakresie obciążeń podatkowych oraz błędy w praktycznej realizacji kompetencji (w niektórych przypadkach graniczące z nadużyciem) gmin uprawniających do dostosowywania przepisów ustawowych w ramach wydawania własnych przepisów lokalnych (co samo w sobie stanowi pozytywny aspekt systemu, ponieważ pozwala gminom dostosowywać przepisy do własnych potrzeb) D) oraz niewielkie zrozumienie potrzeby reformy i eliminacji negatywnych aspektów obecnych przepisów prawnych. Na pytanie badawcze, czy jakość obecnych przepisów dotyczących opodatkowania nieruchomości jest odpowiednia z punktu widzenia sprawiedliwości podatkowej, na które starano się odpowiedzieć w niniejszym artykule, udzielono odpowiedzi przeczącej z uwagi na wspomniane powyżej negatywne aspekty tych regulacji.
Jedynie teoretyczna możliwość wprowadzenia katastralnego systemu opodatkowania nieruchomości – uregulowania w zakresie podatków od nieruchomości na Węgrzech
Authors: Hoffman István
Published: December 2019

Podatki od nieruchomości mają długą tradycję w nowoczesnych systemach podatkowych, w tym także w przepisach węgierskich. Stanowią istotne źródło dochodów dla węgierskich gmin, jednakże obecnie system opodatkowania opiera się przede wszystkim na wielkości powierzchni. Po pierwsze, w artykule omówiono tradycyjne rozwiązania z obszaru opodatkowania nieruchomości oraz obecne regulacje w zakresie podatków od nieruchomości. System podatkowy nowoczesnej demokracji, oparty na rządach prawa, wymaga obecności wysokiej jakości administracji podatkowej. Dlatego też w drugiej części artykułu odniesiono się do jakości węgierskiego systemu podatkowego oraz opodatkowania na poziomie lokalnym. Trzecia część artykułu została poświęcona najważniejszym problemom oraz nieudanym próbom zreformowania węgierskiego systemu opodatkowania nieruchomości, a także barierom, stojącym na drodze do wdrożenia katastralnego systemu podatkowego.
The Mediator Effect of Stress on Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Alanoğlu Müslim , KARABATAK Songül
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to determine the role of stress as a mediator in the effect of teachers’ self-efficacy on their job satisfaction. To achieve this aim, correlational model was used in the research. The population of the research consists of the teachers working in the schools in Elazığ province in Turkey in the academic year of 2017-2018. Simple random sampling method was used to identify the teachers who would participate in the research and 310 teachers were reached in this context. "Stress Scale", "Job Satisfaction Scale" and "Teacher Self-efficacy Scale" were used to collect data. The predictive and mediating relationships between job satisfaction, stress, and teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs were examined by Structural Equation Model (SEM). The simple mediation model was used in SEM. Research results show that teachers’ self-efficacy (innovative behavior, coping behavior) has a positive effect on job satisfaction and stress has a negative effect on job satisfaction. Moreover, the stress is a mediator for teachers’ self-efficacy variable in explaining job satisfaction.
Mecenas en el siglo XXI: los casos de restauración y recuperación del patrimonio cultural valenciano: de San Nicolás a los Santos Juanes
Authors: Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: December 2019

Contribución al debate de revista PH 99
Chemical and Isotope Studies of Zakher Lake and Its Possible Risk on the Geoenvironment, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hussein Saber , Arman Hasan , Shamsi Dalal Al , Murad Ahmed , Aldahan Ala
Published: December 2019

This study concerns the occurrence of pollutants in Zakher Lake, Al Ain, UAE, which are relevant to the water supply and impact on ecosystem. Lake water and sediment samples were collected from the lake and were analyzed for different chemical and physical properties. In-situ measurements of temperature, pH, EC and TDS and Rn-222 activity were carried out using a WTW-COND-330I and RAD7 instrument with errors of < 5%. The analyses of trace and major elements were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) Varian 715 with errors < 5%. The results reveal high concentrations of Na, K, Mg and Ca, Fe, Mn, Al, Sr, Ba and Pb in water samples of the lake, which are higher than permissible limits for drinking and irrigation. Variable concentrations of these elements were found in the sediment samples. In addition, radon isotope (Rn-222) data in the lake water indicate activity values below the detection limit of the instrument. The high concentrations of major and trace elements support the idea that the water is polluted. The sources of water to the lake are considered mainly anthropogenic due to the relatively high activity of Rn-222 in surrounding groundwater wells that is not detected in the lake water. Consequently, the lake water is not suitable for drinking, domestic or irrigation purposes and may be considered as a source of environmental hazard in the area.
Damage Diagnosis of Reactive Powder Concrete under Fatigue Loading Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology
Authors: Li Kexin , Wang Jun , Qi Dawei
Published: December 2019

Damage mechanisms of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) under fatigue loading are investigated using the 3D laser scanning technology. An independently configured 3D laser scanning system is used to monitor the damaging procedure. Texture analysis technique is also applied to enhance the understanding of the damage mechanisms of RPC under fatigue loading. In order to obtain the characteristic parameters of point cloud data, a point clouds projection algorithm is proposed. Damage evolution is described by the change of point cloud data of the damage in the 2D plane and 3D space during fatigue loading. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method is used to extract the characteristic parameters to evaluate the statue of the structural. Angular Second Moment and Cluster Shadow of typical sensitive characteristic indexes is screened by using the Digital Feature Screening. The reliability of the damage index was verified by image texture analysis and data expansion. Indexes extracted in this paper can be used as a new structural health monitoring indicator to assess health condition.
A Comparison Study of a Novel Self-Contained Electro-Hydraulic Cylinder versus a Conventional Valve-Controlled Actuator—Part 2: Energy Efficiency
Authors: Hagen Daniel , Padovani Damiano , Choux Martin
Published: December 2019

This research paper presents the second part of a comparative analysis of a novel self-contained electro-hydraulic cylinder with passive load-holding capability against a state of the art, valve-controlled hydraulic system that is typically used in load-carrying applications. After addressing the control design and motion performance in the first part of the study, the comparison is now focused on the systems’ energy efficiency. It is experimentally shown that the self-contained solution enables 62% energy savings in a representative working cycle due to its throttleless and power-on-demand nature. In the self-contained drive, up to 77% of the energy taken from the power supply can be used effectively if the recovered energy is reused, an option that is not possible in the state of the art hydraulic architecture. In fact, more than 20% of the consumed energy may be recovered in the self-contained system during the proposed working cycle. In summary, the novel self-contained option is experimentally proven to be a valid alternative to conventional hydraulics for applications where passive load-holding is required both in terms of dynamic response and energy consumption. Introducing such self-sufficient and completely sealed devices also reduces the risk of oil spill pollution, helping fluid power to become a cleaner technology.
Evaluation of Two Different Flooring Designs for Rabbit Housing in Accordance with German Welfare Regulations: Soiling and Mortality
Authors: Rauterberg Sally L. , Bill Joana , Kimm Sarah , Kemper Nicole , Fels Michaela
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate a new housing system for fattening rabbits with two different flooring designs (F1 and F2) in accordance with new legal requirements in Germany (11 mm slats and 11 mm gaps, elevated platform with 15% perforation), in comparison with an established system with wire mesh flooring (C). While F1 flooring was made of punched slatted plastic panels, F2 consisted of fixed single rods with a rounded surface. In six batches with F1 and C housing, and subsequently three batches with F2 housing, soiling of rabbits’ hind feet, pens, and cages as well as mortality rates were recorded. While pens and rabbits in F2 conditions were assessed as being cleaner than F1, neither reached the cleanliness of C rabbits and cages. Mortality was highest in F1 housing (18.1%) and comparable between F2 (10.3%) and C housing (11.7%). The present investigations showed different results in terms of soiling and mortality for different implementations of the German regulations. Nevertheless, both floors in accordance with these requirements revealed hygienic disadvantages compared to the established cages. Further research is necessary in order to keep rabbits under good hygienic conditions and in compliance with legal requirements.
Synergistic Effect of Biochar and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Alleviation of Water Deficit in Rice Plants under Salt-Affected Soil
Authors: Hafez Emad M. , Alsohim Abdullah S. , Farig Mohamed , Omara Alaa El-Dein , Rashwan Emadeldeen , Kamara Mohamed M.
Published: December 2019

Environmental stressors negatively affect crop growth and yield. Limited information is available about the synergistic use of biochar and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar in combination with PGPR (Pseudomonas koreensis and Bacillus coagulans) for alleviating water deficit and saline soil in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two growing seasons, 2017 and 2018, were examined using twelve combinations of three irrigation intervals every 6 days (I1), 8 days (I2), and 10 days (I3) and four soil treatments (control, PGPR, biochar, and combination of PGPR + biochar) in salt-affected soil. The findings exhibited that synergistic use of biochar and PGPR alleviated the negative effect of these stressors. The integrative use of biochar and PGPR caused an increment in soil moisture content and physicochemical properties. Significant increasing in chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, K+ and K+/Na+ contents occurred with decreasing proline content and Na+ content, which confirmed the efficacy of this approach. As a result, the highest yield and its related traits were attained when biochar and PGPR were added together under irrigation interval I1, which was on par with I2. We concluded that increased nutrients uptake (N, P, and K) were the cause of the superior rice productivity resulting from co-PGPR biochar. Synergistic use of biochar and PGPR could be an effective strategy for improving plant growth and productivity under stressors.
Response of Annual Weeds to Glyphosate: Evaluation and Optimization of Application Rate Based on Fecundity-Avoidance Biomass Threshold Criterion
Authors: Leguizamon Eduardo S , Ferrari German , Williams Martin M , Burgos Nilda R , Travlos Ilias , Korres Nicholas E
Published: December 2019

The increased availability and high adoption rate of glyphosate-tolerant crops have selected for several glyphosate-resistant weed species. The response of representative weed species to glyphosate was assessed to provide insights and tools for optimizing glyphosate use for economic, agronomic and environmental reasons. Anoda cristata, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica and Portulaca oleracea were grown outdoors in pots containing commercial potting medium. An increasing dose of glyphosate was applied to these species at three growth stages. Weed response was evaluated visually compared to the nontreated control and shoot dry weights were recorded. Fecundity was also determined. Based on visual evaluations, the dose of glyphosate required to attain 90% control of the species tested exhibited an application rate margin up to 28.5-fold compared to recommended rate, denoting a potential for rate optimization. Except for A. cristata, the recommended dose of glyphosate could be reduced by 30%–60% and still achieve 90% or greater control. The order of species sensitivity, based on effective dose 50 (ED50 )values, was E. indica > C. album > D. sanguinalis > P. oleracea > A. cristata. The ratio of ED90/ED50 was constant, indicating that increasing the glyphosate dose 8.7-fold would reduce weed biomass 1.8-fold. In most cases, the fecundity-avoidance biomass threshold (i.e., the maximum allowable weed biomass for herbicide application in order to prevent weed seed production and dispersal) for glyphosate was below the ED90 value. Complimentary measures such as fecundity-avoidance biomass threshold will improve herbicide evaluation procedures and preserve the effectiveness of herbicides, including glyphosate, on sensitive species, an important issue particularly when action to reduce herbicide resistance development is highly required.
The Distribution Characteristics of a 19-bp Indel of the PLAG1 Gene in Chinese Cattle
Authors: Zhou Zihui , Huang Bizhi , Lai Zhenyu , Li Shipeng , Wu Fei , Qu Kaixing , Jia Yutang , Hou Jiawen , Liu Jianyong , Lei Chuzhao , Dang Ruihua
Published: December 2019

Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) belongs to the PLAG family of zinc finger transcription factors. In cattle, a 19-bp insertion/deletion (indel) was identified in intron 1 of the PLAG1 gene (GenBank Accession No. AC_000171.1). Researches showed that the indel is polymorphic in Chinese cattle breeds such as Qinchuan cattle, Pinan cattle, Xianan cattle, and Jiaxian red cattle, and correlation analysis showed that the polymorphism is related to the height of these cattle breeds. Chinese cattle breeds show a difference in height related to geographical distribution. We investigated the distribution of the 19-bp indel polymorphism in 37 cattle breeds, including 1354 individuals. The results showed that there were three genotypes and two alleles (W, 366 bp; D, 347 bp). From northern cattle to southern cattle, the frequency of W allele gradually decreased, while the frequency of D allele showed an opposite trend, which was consistent with the distribution of cattle breeds of different height in China. Therefore, the polymorphism of this indel may be related to the regional distribution of cattle breeds in China. In addition, we chose Yunling cattle with a mixed genetic background to study the genetic effects of the 19-bp indel on body size traits. Statistical analysis showed that PLAG1 was significantly associated with the body height, cross height, and chest circumference of Yunling cattle (p < 0.05). This study provides new evidence that the 19-bp indel of the PLAG1 gene is a highly effective trait marker that can be used as a candidate molecular marker for cattle breeding.
Desexing Dogs: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Urfer Silvan R. , Kaeberlein Matt
Published: December 2019

Background: Desexing dogs is promoted for population control, preventative healthcare, and behavior modification. Common methods are orchiectomy and ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy. GnRH superagonist implants are available in some areas. Alternative methods like vasectomy and salpingectomy/hysterectomy are uncommon. The terminology used to describe desexing is inconsistent and contradictory, showing a need for the adaption of standardized terminology. Population Control: Surprisingly, empirical studies show no effects of desexing on population control in companion and shelter dogs despite desexing being consistently recommended in the literature. There is evidence for a population control effect in free-roaming dogs, where desexing also has benefits on zoonotic disease and bite risk. Population control in free-roaming dogs is mostly correlated with female, not male desexing. Health and Lifespan: Desexing affects numerous disease risks, but studies commonly neglect age at diagnosis and overall lifespan, age being by far the most important risk factor for most diseases. We argue that lifespan is a more important outcome than ultimate cause of death. A beneficial effect of desexing on lifespan is consistently demonstrated in females, while evidence for a beneficial effect in males is inconsistent. Studies are likely biased in desexing being a proxy for better care and desexed dogs having already lived to the age of desexing. Desexing reduces or eliminates common life-limiting diseases of the female reproductive system such as pyometra and mammary tumors, while no analogous effect exists in males. Disease risks increases across sexes and breeds include cruciate ligament rupture, various cancers, and obesity. Urinary incontinence risk is increased in females only. Various other disease risk changes show considerable variability between breeds and sexes. Behavioral Effects: Desexed males show reduced libido, roaming, conspecific mounting, and urinary marking frequency, as well as reduced male dog-directed aggression in a majority of males desexed for behavioral reasons. There is a detrimental effect on the risk and progression of age-related cognitive dysfunction. Desexed dogs may be less likely to cause bite injuries across sexes. The evidence for other effects such as human-directed aggression, human or object mounting, resource guarding, or shyness and anxiety is inconsistent and contradictory. There are few studies specific to females or individual breeds. Conclusions: The evidence for a beneficial effect of desexing is stronger in female than in male dogs; however, there is significant variation between breeds and sexes, and more research is needed to further elucidate these differences and to arrive at individualized evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
IgA: Structure, Function, and Developability
Authors: de Sousa-Pereira Patrícia , Woof Jenny M.
Published: December 2019

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a key role in defending mucosal surfaces against attack by infectious microorganisms. Such sites present a major site of susceptibility due to their vast surface area and their constant exposure to ingested and inhaled material. The importance of IgA to effective immune defence is signalled by the fact that more IgA is produced than all the other immunoglobulin classes combined. Indeed, IgA is not just the most prevalent antibody class at mucosal sites, but is also present at significant concentrations in serum. The unique structural features of the IgA heavy chain allow IgA to polymerise, resulting in mainly dimeric forms, along with some higher polymers, in secretions. Both serum IgA, which is principally monomeric, and secretory forms of IgA are capable of neutralising and removing pathogens through a range of mechanisms, including triggering the IgA Fc receptor known as FcαRI or CD89 on phagocytes. The effectiveness of these elimination processes is highlighted by the fact that various pathogens have evolved mechanisms to thwart such IgA-mediated clearance. As the structure–function relationships governing the varied capabilities of this immunoglobulin class come into increasingly clear focus, and means to circumvent any inherent limitations are developed, IgA-based monoclonal antibodies are set to emerge as new and potent options in the therapeutic arena.
Grown to be Blue—Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part I: Root Vegetables
Authors: Petropoulos Spyridon A. , Sampaio Shirley L. , Di Gioia Francesco , Tzortzakis Nikos , Rouphael Youssef , Kyriacou Marios C. , Ferreira Isabel
Published: December 2019

During the last few decades, the food and beverage industry faced increasing demand for the design of new functional food products free of synthetic compounds and artificial additives. Anthocyanins are widely used as natural colorants in various food products to replenish blue color losses during processing and to add blue color to colorless products, while other compounds such as carotenoids and betalains are considered as good sources of other shades. Root vegetables are well known for their broad palette of colors, and some species, such as black carrot and beet root, are already widely used as sources of natural colorants in the food and drug industry. Ongoing research aims at identifying alternative vegetable sources with diverse functional and structural features imparting beneficial effects onto human health. The current review provides a systematic description of colored root vegetables based on their belowground edible parts, and it highlights species and/or cultivars that present atypical colors, especially those containing pigment compounds responsible for hues of blue color. Finally, the main health effects and antioxidant properties associated with the presence of coloring compounds are presented, as well as the effects that processing treatments may have on chemical composition and coloring compounds in particular.
Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Fruits Modulated by Chemical Components
Authors: Tkacz Karolina , Wojdyło Aneta , Turkiewicz Igor Piotr , Bobak Łukasz , Nowicka Paulina
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro biological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-α-amylase, anti-α-glucosidase, anti-lipase, and anti-lipoxygenase activity, relative to bioactive components (phenolic acids, flavonols, xanthophylls, carotenes, esterified carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty acids) and the basic chemical composition (sugars, organic acid, dry matter, soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity, ash, pectins, and vitamin C) of Hippophaë rhamnoides berries. Six sea buckthorn cultivars commonly grown in Poland were analyzed including Aromatnaja, Botaniczeskaja-Lubitelskaja, Józef, Luczistaja, Moskwiczka, and Podarok Sadu. Berries contained 1.34–2.87 g of sugars and 0.96–4.22 g of organic acids in 100 g fresh weight, 468.60–901.11 mg of phenolic compounds, and 46.61–508.57 mg of carotenoids in 100 g dry mass. The fatty acid profile was established: palmitic > palmitoleic > oleic and linoleic > stearic and linolenic acids. The highest anti-oxidant (34.68 mmol Trolox/100 g dry mass) and anti-α-amylase potential (IC50 = 26.83 mg/mL) was determined in Aromatnaja, anti-α-glucosidase in Botaniczeskaja-Lubitelskaja (IC50 = 41.78 mg/mL), anti-lipase in Moskwiczka and Aromatnaja (average IC50 = 4.37 mg/mL), and anti-lipoxygenase in Aromatnaja and Podarok Sadu fruits (100% inhibition). The studied sea buckthorn berries may be a raw material for the development of functional foods and nutraceutical products rich in compounds with high biological activity.
Detecting Grounding Grid Orientation: Transient Electromagnetic Approach
Authors: Qamar Aamir , Ul Haq Inzamam , Alhaisoni Majed , Qadri Nadia Nawaz
Published: December 2019

The configuration is essential to diagnose the status of the grounding grid, but the orientation of the unknown grounding grid is ultimately required to diagnose its configuration explicitly. This paper presents a transient electromagnetic method (TEM) to determine grounding grid orientation without excavation. Unlike the existing pathological solutions, TEM does not enhance the surrounding electromagnetic environment. A secondary magnetic field as a consequence of induced eddy currents is subjected to inversion calculation. The orientation of the grounding grid is diagnosed from the equivalent resistivity distribution against the circle perimeter. High equivalent resistivity at a point on the circle implies the grounding grid conductor and vice versa. Furthermore, various mesh configurations including the presence of a diagonal branch and unequal mesh spacing are taken into account. Simulations are performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB to verify the usefulness of the proposed method.
Sports Materials Special Issue Editorial
Authors: Allen Thomas , Foster Leon , Strangwood Martin , Webster James
Published: December 2019

Materials are key to the world of sport [...]