bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN RELIGIOUS SPACE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Voynalovych Viktor
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the main trends in the revival of religion in the modern world, its active presence in global politics and international relations. It is substantiated that the religious revival at the turn of 1980-1990 in Ukraine, sharp Orthodox-Greek-Catholic and inter-Orthodox conflicts were the result of significant distortions of its institutional and confessional space caused by the party-Soviet religious policy. Special and specific signs of "return of religion" in Ukraine in the context of global religious changes, in particular, the dynamism, complexity and to this day the incompleteness of this process. The content and essential characteristics of the mutual influences of socio-cultural transformations and dynamics of changes in the religious complex of modern Ukraine, the influence of events related to the Revolution of Dignity and the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war in the East of the country are analyzed. Peculiarities of life and social positioning of the main actors of the Ukrainian religious landscape, in particular, institutions of the Orthodox complex, UGCC, Protestant denominations, Islamic community, new religious movements are revealed. A number of difficult challenges facing the newly formed Orthodox Church of Ukraine are substantiated - ensuring internal unity, minimizing conflicts, creating their own landmark projects, finding a dialogical model of church reconciliation to overcome the religious frontier of the division of Ukrainian society. The dynamics of public ideas, clear ambivalence and controversy of public consciousness in the religious aspect - from the traditionally high level of trust in religion and the church, to a steady decline in assessments of their importance in the lives of citizens and socio-political processes. Conclusions and proposals on the intensification of the state policy of nationalcivil consolidation and active involvement of religion and religious organizations in this process have been formulated.
El juicio crítico sobre la literatura latina antigua satírica en la historia literaria del XVIII
Authors: Sánchez Manzano María Asunción
Published: December 2020

La crítica de la literatura latina antigua comenzó a escribirse a partir de los comentarios de época imperial romana. Esta crítica antigua sirvió de pauta también para realizar una síntesis de la evolución de la literatura latina a la luz de la razón ilustrada. Sin embargo, la diversificación de los poemas humorísticos en lengua vernácula había desenfocado los rasgos auténticos de la sátira antigua, uno de los géneros literarios más característicos de Roma desde Lucilio.
Los Testamentos de Timoteo O'Scanlan (1723-1795): Testimonio de un médico militar irlandés en la España del siglo XVIII
Authors: White Michael
Published: December 2020

El punto de partida del artículo actual son los testamentos, hasta ahora desconocidos, del médico militar irlandés, Timoteo O'Scanlan, afincado en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. En primer lugar, dichos documentos, junto a otros posteriores a su muerte, nos permiten ampliar el conocimiento sobre la biografía del médico y establecer su situación económica sobre bases fehacientes. En segundo lugar, con estos hechos se analizan preguntas claves respecto a la acogida en España de la inmigración irlandesa en esa época y respecto a cómo O'Scanlan, al abrigo de su empleo militar, pudo desempeñar un papel determinante en la lucha contra la viruela tanto como teórico de la inoculación como por la práctica que ejercía de ella y, al mismo tiempo, alcanzar una estrecha integración social, profesional y económica en su país de adopción.
Predictive value of inflammatory markers for functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Rezaeitalab Fariborz , Esmaeili Maryam , Saberi Amin , Vahidi Zohreh , Emadzadeh Maryam , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Ramezani Niloofar , Mirshabani-Toloti Seyed Zakaria
Published: December 2020

Background: Inflammatory processes have been proposed in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL 1 beta (IL-1β), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with the prognosis and functional outcome in patients with less severe ischemic stroke.
Methods: We measured the level of IL-1β, IL-6, hsCRP, and TNF-α on days 1 and 5 after stroke onset by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The infarct volume was assessed using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and posterior circulation ASPECTS (pcASPECTS) score in brain computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The severity of stroke was assessed by applying the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) in 24 hours on day 5 and after 3 months from stroke onset. Good outcome was defined as the third month MRS ≤ 2. The association of inflammatory markers and the course of stroke symptoms over time was examined.
Results: Forty-four first-ever stroke patients without concurrent inflammatory diseases with a mean age of 65 years were included. The mean NIHSS and MRS in admission time were 6.5 ± 3.5 and 3.07, respectively. The day 1 and the day 5 levels of IL-1β, IL-6, hsCRP, and TNF-α were not significantly different in good and poor outcome groups (all P-values > 0.05). In addition, they were not significantly associated with the ASPECTS, pcASPECTS, and changes of NIHSS and MRS over time.
Conclusion: The levels of hsCRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and  TNF-α are not reliable predictors of functional outcomes in patients with less severe acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Five-Year Experience of Liver Transplant at Kerman University of Medical Sciences: Afzalipoor Hospital
Authors: Dehghani Masood
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The only option for treatment of end stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran is the third largest liver transplantation center in Iran. In this study, the outcomes of this center have been studied during the past 5 years.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the pre and post transplantation’s clinical, demographic and outcome data of all patients who received liver transplant at Afzalipour Hospital during the past 5 years have been collected and reviewed. SPSS software ver. 16 was used to analyze the data.
Results: Forty-three patients have received liver transplantation during this time interval. The 3-year survival rate of patients was 77%. The most common cause of death was primary nonfunction graft after transplantation. The most common complication was acute rejection (15%), all of which were successfully treated with corticosteroids.
Conclusion:  Due to increment of cases of acute and chronic liver failure in the community and since the final treatment of these cases is liver transplantation, so there is need to develop liver transplant centers in the future. Quantitative and qualitative study of the activity of centers based liver transplant in Iran is necessary to set up successful centers.
Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on Myostatin and Folistatin Proteins Content in Gastrocnemius Muscle Tissue of Elderly Rats
Authors: Asadpour Seyed Moslem , Daryanoosh Farhad , Salesi Mohsen , Nemati Javad
Published: December 2020

Introdution: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are key proteins in the regulation of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Aging and sarcopenia can lead to disruption of cellular mechanisms and the activity of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on myostatin and folistatin proteins content in Gastrocnemius muscle tissue of elderly rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 12 female Sprague-Dawley rats (20-month-old) with an average weight of 250±30 g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: resistance training (n=6) and control (n=6). The resistance-training program was as followed: 3 days a week for 8 weeks, climbing a one-meter vertical ladder with 26 steps and two centimeters of space between each step with a slope of 85 degrees. SPSS software version 23 and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in myostatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.04). In contrast, eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant reduction in folistatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study on the content of myostatin and folistatin proteins, it is possible that the reduction of muscle atrophy in the elderly can be through other pathways of protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy.
Precio del suelo dado por la oferta del mercado y el avalúo municipal: Relaciones y distribución espacial en la ciudad de Cuenca
Authors: Bojorque-Iñeguez Jaime , Chuquiguanga-Auquilla Cristina , Peralta-Peñaloza Cristina , Flores-Chafla Paula
Published: December 2020

En el presente documento se analiza la relación entre el precio de mercado y el valor catastral de los lotes baldíos, urbanizados y de propiedad horizontal, y su distribución espacial dentro del área urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca, con una superficie aproximada de 74 km2. El valor catastral de los lotes se obtuvo del portal del Gobierno Municipal Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Cuenca. Mientras que el precio de mercado se consiguió de las ofertas inmobiliarias publicadas en el período septiembre 2019 a marzo de 2020. De los 100,203 lotes, dentro del área de estudio, 994 lotes, de los cuales se encuentran disponibles el precio de mercado y el valor catastral, fueron incluidos en el estudio. En total, se utilizaron en el análisis 421 lotes sin construir, 518 parcelas construidas y 55 propiedades horizontales. El precio del suelo según la tasación municipal equivale, en promedio, al 54.15% del precio de mercado, lo que demuestra que el valor catastral de las propiedades está subvalorado. La autocorrelación espacial entre el precio de mercado y el valor catastral se derivó utilizando las estadísticas I de Moran y Gi*. Se determinaron lotes con precio de mercado alto con respecto al valor catastral, el 5% de los predios mostraron valores superiores al 4.82 con un máximo de 11.39. Considerando estos aspectos, los municipios, dado que la sociedad cambia a un ritmo acelerado, deben modernizar y renovar el sistema catastral, que tradicionalmente se considera que funciona bien, pero en muchos casos está desactualizado.
Validación del uso de teléfonos inteligentes para medición de ruido ambiental urbano
Authors: Sangurima Andrea , Medina Michelle , Guerrero María-Laura , Orellana Daniel
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio evalúa la fiabilidad del uso de teléfonos inteligentes para monitorear el ruido urbano, como una alternativa de bajo costo a los instrumentos de monitoreo tradicionales. La metodología consistió en diseñar una herramienta de evaluación de ruido en KoBoToolbox, la cual registró las mediciones recopiladas simultáneamente con un sonómetro y dos aplicaciones para teléfonos inteligentes, Sound Meter X Standard y Sound Meter Pro, en los sistemas iOS y Android respectivamente. Las tres mediciones fueron comparadas con el método de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de un factor. Las pruebas se realizaron en el parque El Paraíso, de la ciudad de Cuenca, basándose en la legislación ecuatoriana. Los resultados sugieren que la aplicación utilizada para la plataforma Android presenta menor grado de variación de medición con respecto a la utilizada en la plataforma iOS. Así también, muestran una relación significativa entre niveles de ruido elevados y focos de contaminación acústica por presencia de tráfico vehicular. La investigación tiene implicaciones para el uso futuro en programas de monitoreo participativo de ruido ambiente bajo un enfoque de ciencia ciudadana, complementando las normas y legislaciones vigentes.
Implications of Word - Initial Vowel Glottalization in Childhood Apraxia of Speech Treatment
Authors:   DPT, clinician, Yaelcenter institute director, Vashdi Elad , Avramov Amit ,   Senior MDT and VML consultant, Yaelcenter, Falatov Špela ,   Center ZA zdravljenje avtizma Director, Yi-Chen Huang ,   MSPA-CPSP, Beyond speech pathology clinic director, Pei-Ru Jiang ,   BSpPath, Sunny Speech Pathology Clinic director, Mamina-Chiriac Paula Teodora ,   BS-Psych, Psychology Office
Published: December 2020

A vowel is a speech sound in which the airflow moves freely with minimal obstructions through the vocal tract and can appear in different places in the words structure. Word initial vowel glottalization is a phenomenon described in the literature while clinical implications were observed among children diagnosed with Apraxia of speech (CAS). This research examined the clinical consequences of the phenomenon on the analysis and treatment of CAS. 256 CAS cases were examined using the VML (Verbal Motor Learning) method evaluation. Analysis of the consonant groups shows that 11% of the children had difficulty with producing the glottal consonant, in comparison to other consonants. The implications of the findings influence the analysis process and are crucial for the treatment of 11% of the CAS population. Further theoretical discussions and findings are reported.
Psychosis: Between Dreams and Perceptual Reality
Authors:   “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry Iași, Dobri Mirona Letiția , Voinea Alina-Ioana ,   Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, St. Albans, Moraru Codrina ,   “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry Iași, Nechita Petronela ,   “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry Iași, Ciubara Anamaria ,   “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galați
Published: December 2020

From the beginning of time, the layman always described and understood psychosis as a dream-like state. Researchers have characterized both psychosis and dreaming with common denominators, both displaying visuomotor hallucinations, loose associations, metacognitive deficit, impaired reality discrimination, strong emotional component, resulting in a general lack of insight. The association of psychosis with dreaming was present in literature centuries ago, in the works of great thinkers such as Kant and Schopenhauer, which prompted many modern specialists to delve deeper into studying this connection for a better understanding of psychosis and possible applications in the clinical practice. During REM sleep, which is the most associated with dreaming, visual and motor areas in the brain show increased activation, which is congruent with the presence of hallucinations, the hallmark of the dreaming state. Also, the amygdala, involved in emotion regulation, has a prominent role in the sleeping brain. The deactivation of parts of the prefrontal cortex translate in altered capacity for making decisions and critical thinking. Several neuroimaging studies have shown similar neural patterns in the wakeful state of psychotic patients, especially those associated with the presence or absence of insight. As insight is thought to play a major role in treatment compliance and quality of life in psychotic patients, it is the most studied element linking psychosis and REM sleep. Lucid dreaming is a state of awareness of dreaming, while the individual is still asleep. The dreamer has a degree of control of the narrative and capacity for self-reflection, aspects deemed as insight. Lucid dreaming is a rare occurrence, but has the potential to be trained, concept with great relevance in researching modalities for insight gain in psychotic patients. In conclusion, the research of insight present in lucid dreaming shows great prospect for developing better interventions that target the lack of it in psychotic patients, thus contributing to significant improvement in their prognosis, quality of life and treatment compliance.
Análise de frequência de vícios construtivos em habitações de interesse social
Authors: Santos Carlos Eduardo Rosa , Penteado Neto Renato de Arruda
Published: December 2020

A grande frequência de vícios de construção em unidades habitacionais de interesse social no Brasil é um problema que historicamente preocupa o setor da construção civil. A Caixa Econômica Federal financia parcela significativa dessas habitações como agente de políticas de Estado. O objetivo deste estudo foi de relacionar as falhas construtivas mais incidentes em habitações sociais na região de Curitiba para subsidiar intervenções nos processos de gestão dessas obras e reduzir as ocorrências. Foi realizada a classificação das ocorrências pelo tipo de manifestação patológica, pelo impacto e custo. Em seguida as unidades foram classificadas pelas modalidades de financiamento, pela intensidade de controle técnico durante a construção e idade. No estudo, foram excluídas falhas motivadas por eventos exógenos ou por mau uso. A análise dos dados apontou como prioritário, no âmbito do mercado brasileiro da construção civil, o atendimento às manifestações relacionadas ao recalque ou deformação de elementos estruturais em concreto, com 18,94% das ocorrências. Os imóveis financiados em operações bancárias de maior controle técnico sofreram, com maior incidência entre os danos, a ocorrência de vazamentos hidráulicos em 12,5% do total. Nas modalidades de menor controle técnico, a prioridade foi de prevenção de recalques de fundações ou deformação de elementos de concreto, com 11,54% do total.
ESPIRITUALIDADE SEM-RELIGIÃO: O CULTIVO DA QUALIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Vieira José Álvaro Campos , Senra Flávio
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo reúne contribuições para o pensar sobre espiritualidades sem religião, não religiosas ou laicas. Por um lado, são abordados os sentidos de espiritualidades autônomas e independentes da crença, do corpo doutrinário e da organização comunitária representadas por instituições religiosas. Por outro lado, a reflexão versa sobre o cultivo da qualidade humana e da qualidade humana profunda a partir de uma concepção antropológica não-dual, segundo a qual o animal humano, como animal de fala, acessa a realidade e a modela como dimensão relativa às suas necessidades e como dimensão para além das suas necessidades. Ainda que nosso horizonte nos conduza a uma necessária superação dos termos religião e espiritualidade, considerados como fruto de projetos axiológicos não mais adequados a sociedades marcadas por um intenso processo de mudança constante, tais como as contemporâneas sociedades de conhecimento e de inovação, para o tratamento da questão, consideraremos ser adequado tratar alguns conceitos-chave de uma concepção tradicional sobre esses termos. Nesse sentido, procuramos apresentar, ainda que brevemente, alguma delimitação sobre esses termos em nosso trabalho. O objetivo principal, contudo, é problematizar a questão da espiritualidade sem religião como cultivo da qualidade humana à luz da teoria reconhecida como epistemologia axiológica, elaborada pelo pensador Marià Corbí. Questionamos o sentido de espiritualidade como decorrente da condição humana em sentido tradicional, a partir da consideração de que, fundamentalmente, o animal humano deva ser compreendido como um ser de linguagem. Como aponta a teoria corbiniana, o animal que fala, como ser necessitado, possui como mecanismo de sobrevivência atuar como um modelador da realidade e, nesse sentido, se processa o acesso não dual à dimensão absoluta do real (DA) e a dimensão relativa do real (DR). Nesse horizonte teórico-prático, entendemos por espiritualidade, [considerando-a especificamente como o cultivo da qualidade humana e da qualidade humana profunda], o processo decorrente de um projeto axiológico coletivo, que proporciona a realização da pessoa a partir do interesse incondicional pela realidade, do distanciamento e do silenciamento (IDS); cultivados como indagação livre, comunicação e serviço mútuo (ICS).­
The Relationship between Nature Deprivation and Individual Wellbeing across Urban Gradients under COVID-19
Authors: Tomasso Linda Powers , Yin Jie , Cedeno Laurent Jose Guillermo , Chen Jarvis T. , Catalano Paul , Spengler John D.
Published: December 2020

Shelter-in-place aimed at slowing COVID-19 transmission has altered nature accessibility patterns, creating quasi-experimental conditions to assess if retracted nature contact and perceived nature deprivation influences physical and emotional wellbeing. We measure through survey methods how pandemic mandates limiting personal movement and outdoor nature access effect self-assessed nature exposure, perceived nature deprivation, and subsequent flourishing as measured by the Harvard Flourishing Index. Results indicate that perceived nature deprivation strongly associates with neighborhood nature contact, time in nature and access to municipal nature during the pandemic, after controlling for shelter-in-place mandates, job status, household composition, and sociodemographic variables. Our hypothesis that individuals with strong perceived nature deprivation under COVID-19 leads to diminished wellbeing proved true. Interaction models of flourishing showed positive modification of nature affinity with age and qualitative modification of nature deprivation with race. Our results demonstrate the potential of local nature contact to support individual wellbeing in a background context of emotional distress and social isolation, important in guiding public health policies beyond pandemics.
Biotope Impact on Fluctuating Asymmetry Manifestation in Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Sukhodolskaya Raisa A. , Saveliev Anatoliy A. , Eremeeva Natalia I. , Ukhova Nadezhda L. , Gordienko Tatyana A. , Shagidullin Rifgat R. , Vorobyova Iraida G. , Solodovnikov Igor A. , Anciferov Anatoliy
Published: December 2020

In our study we used the data set on morphimetric traits in beetles species. It has been constantly replenishing for 20 years by the samples, received from different regions of Russia and abroad. In this case we have selected data on nine species for which the left and right sides had been measured and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) could be estimated. The samples were from 6 provinces of Russia and Belarus, which ranged in 3 degrees in latitude and 57 degrees in longitude and included more than 150 plots in different types of biotopes. FA was assessed according to the standard method in 5265 specimen in one dimensional trait and one - meristic. ANOVA showed that biotope, species and their interaction affected FA in both traits, that is different species reacted differently to biotope type. In uncommon biotopes (according to accepted in carabidology classification) FA was increased. In forest species the negative relationship between FA in dimensional and meristic traits in the range in biotopes was revealed. In those species only FA values were higher in males than in females. In generalist species FA varieв similarly in both sexes and in both traits being the highest in open biotopes. In eudomonant of arable lands biotopes – Poecilus cupreus – the highest values of FA were recorded in the meadows, being about equal in all types of crops.
Operando Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Gas-processing Metalloenzymes
Authors: Stripp Sven Timo
Published: December 2020

Earth-abundant transition metals like iron, nickel, copper, molybdenum, and vanadium have been identified as essential constituents of the cellular gas metabolism in all kingdoms of life. Associated with biological macromolecules, gas-processing metalloenzymes (GPMs) are formed that catalyse a variety of redox reactions. This includes the reduction of O2 to water by cytochrome c oxidase (‘complex IV’), the reduction of N2 to NH4 by nitrogenase, as well as the reduction of protons to H2 (and oxidation of the later) by hydrogenase. GPMs perform at ambient temperature and pressure, in the presence of water, and often extremely low educt concentrations, thus serving as natural examples for efficient catalysis. Facilitating the design of biomimetic catalysts, biophysicist thrive to understand the reaction principles of GPMs making use of various techniques. In this perspective, I will introduce Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection configuration (ATR FTIR) for the analysis of GPMs like cytochrome c oxidase, nitrogenase, and hydrogenase. Infrared spectroscopy provides information about the geometry and redox state of the catalytic cofactors, the protonation state of amino acid residues, the hydrogen-bonding network, and protein structural changes. I developed an approach to probe and trigger the reaction of GPMs by gas exchange experiments, exploring the reactivity of these enzymes with their natural reactants. This allows recording sensitive ATR FTIR difference spectra with seconds time resolution. Finally yet importantly, infrared spectroscopy is an electronically non-invasive technique that allows investigating protein samples under biologically relevant conditions, i.e., at ambient temperature and pressure, and in the presence of water.
Hydrogen Peroxide Detoxifying Enzymes Showed Different Activities at Different Timing in Host and Nonhost Plants Interactions with Wheat Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae Triticum Pathotype
Authors: Gupta Dipali Rani , Khanom Sanjida , Shami Ashwag , Rohman Md. Motiar , Surovy Musrat Zahan , Mahmud Nur Uddin , Surovy Musrat Zahan , Abd-Elsalam Kamel A. , Islam Tofazzal
Published: December 2020

Wheat blast caused by the hemibiotroph fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, is a destructive disease of wheat in South America and Bangladesh. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the defense responses in plants during the infection process by a pathogen. However, empirical evidence on regulation of ROS in wheat and other host and non-host plants towards MoT is limited. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of some major cereals and weeds of Bangladesh and compare the antioxidant enzyme activities in host and non-host plants in response to artificial inoculation by MoT. Seedlings of wheat, maize, barley and swamp rice grass were susceptible to MoT and produced considerable number of conidia on infected leaves (host). Rice seedlings showed a resistant response in our laboratory conditions (non-host). The activities of ROS-detoxifying enzymes; catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Peroxidase (POX) increased in all plants after inoculation by MoT with a few exceptions. Interestingly, an early and very high accumulation of CAT was observed within 24 hours of inoculation (hai) in wheat, barley, maize and swamp rice grass while H2O2 concentration was low during that time and immediately after that (24-48 hai). In contrast, an early and high accumulation of H2O2 was observed in rice at 48 hai with little CAT activity only at a late stage. The APX, GST and POD activity was also increased due to the inoculation of MoT at the early stage of infection in rice but were very high at the disease progression stage in wheat, barley, maize and swamp rice grass. GPX activity gradually decreased with the increase of time in rice. Taken together, our results suggest that a robust and late induction of most of the antioxidant enzyme activities occurs in susceptible/host plants whereas an early induction of antioxidant enzyme activities occurs in resistant/ non-host plant but with slow kinetics.
On the Social Sustainability of Industrial Agriculture Dependent on Migrant Workers. Romanian Workers in Spain’s Seasonal Agriculture
Authors: Molinero-Gerbeau Yoan , López-Sala Ana , Șerban Monica
Published: December 2020

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Romanian migrants have become one of the most significant national groups doing agricultural work in Spain, initially coming via a temporary migration program and later under several different modalities. However, despite their critical importance for the functioning of Europe’s largest agro-industry, the study of this long-term circular mobility is still underdeveloped in migration and agriculture literature. Thanks to extensive fieldwork carried out in the provinces of Huelva and Lleida in Spain and in the counties of Teleorman and Buzău in Romania, this paper has two main objectives: first, to identify some of the most common forms of mobility of these migrants and second, to discuss whether this industrial agriculture, hugely dependent on migrant work, is socially sustainable. The case of Romanian migrants in Spanish agriculture will serve to show how a critical sector for the EU and for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations, operates on an unsustainable model based on precariousness and exploitation.
Cancer-targeted Controlled Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Anthracycline DerivativesUsing Apoferritin Nanocage Carriers
Authors: Kurzatkowska Katarzyna , Pazos II Manuel A. , Herschkowitz Jason I. , Hepel Maria
Published: December 2020

The interactions of chemotherapeutic drugs with nanocage protein apoferritin (APO) are the key features in the effective encapsulation and release of highly toxic drugs in APO-based controlled drug delivery systems. The encapsulation enables mitigating the drugs side effects, collateral damage to healthy cells, and adverse immune reactions. Herein, the interactions of anthracycline drugs with APO were studied to assess the effect of drug lipophilicity on their encapsulation excess n and in vitro activity. Anthracycline drugs, including doxorubicin (DOX), epirubicin (EPI), daunorubicin (DAU), and idarubicin (IDA), with lipophilicity P from 0.8 to 15, were investigated. We have found that in addition to hydrogen-bonded supramolecular ensemble formation with n = 24, there are two other competing contributions that enable increasing n under strong polar interactions (APO(DOX)) or under strong hydrophobic interactions (APO(IDA) of the highest efficacy). The encapsulation/release processes were investigated using UV-Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and FTIR spectroscopies. In vitro cytotoxicity/growth inhibition tests and flow cytometry corroborate high apoptotic activity of APO(drugs) against targeted MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma and HeLa cancer cells, and low activity against non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells, demonstrating targeting ability of nanodrugs. A model for molecular interactions between anthracyclines and APO nanocarriers was developed, and the relationships derived compared with experimental results.
Classification with a Deferral Option and Low-Trust Filtering for Automated Seizure Detection
Authors: Becker Thijs , Vandecasteele Kaat , Chatzichristos Christos , Van Paesschen Wim , Valkenborg Dirk , Van Huffel Sabine , De Vos Maarten
Published: December 2020

Wearable technology will become available and allow prolonged electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in the home environment of patients with epilepsy. Neurologists analyse the EEG visually and annotate all seizures, which patients often under report. Visual analysis of a 24 hour EEG recording typically takes one to two hours. Reliable automated seizure detection algorithms will be crucial to reduce this analysis. We study a dataset of behind-the-ear EEG measurements. Our first aim was to develop a methodology to reduce the EEG dataset by classifying part of the data automatically, while retaining 100% detection sensitivity (DS). Prediction confidences are determined by temperature scaling of the classification model outputs and trust scores. A DS of approximately 90% (99%) can be achieved when automatically classifying around 90% (60%) of the data. Perfect DS can be achieved when automatically classifying 50% of the data. Our second contribution demonstrates that a common modelling strategy, where predictions from several short EEG segments are used to obtain a final prediction, can be improved by filtering out untrustworthy segments with low trust scores. The false detection rate shows a relative decrease between 21% and 43%, and the DS shows a small increase or decrease.
Effectiveness of Protected Areas in the Pan-Tropics and International Aid for Conservation
Authors: Kim Do-Hyung , Anand Anupam
Published: December 2020

Evaluation of the effectiveness of protected areas is critical for forest conservation policies and priorities. To evaluate their effectiveness, we used 30-m resolution forest cover change data between 1990 and 2010 for ~4,000 protected areas and analyzed the relationships of the effectiveness of protected areas with socio-economic variables. Our results show that protected areas in the Tropics avoided 83,500 ± 21,200 km2 of deforestation during the 2000s. Brazil’s protected areas have the largest amount of avoided deforestation of 50,000 km2. We also show the amount of international aid received by tropical countries compared to the effectiveness of protected areas. International aid had major benefits in Latin America led by Brazil while tropical Asian countries used the resource ineffectively. Our results demonstrate that protected areas have been relatively more efficient in countries where deforestation pressures were increasing, and governance and forest change monitoring capacity are important factors for enhancing the efficacy of international aid.
Examination of the Factors That Influence Public Perception of Mythically-Based Human Behavior in Disaster Conditions
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Jovanović Marina
Published: December 2020

Starting from the importance of risk perception for taking certain preventive measures to protect people and their property from disasters, the subject of the research is to examine the factors influencing public perception of mythically-based human behavior in disaster conditions. Using the random sampling method, 250 adult respondents were surveyed in the city of Belgrade, using a specially created and adapted survey questionnaire. The results of the research show that there is no statistically significant influence of gender, age, educational and economic factors on the public perception of human behavior in disaster conditions. The results of the research can be used to improve strategies and campaigns based on risk assessment, aimed at improving the safety of people in disasters.
PENGARUH SISTEM AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN DAERAH, AKSESIBILITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN, DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH
Authors: Zeny Antika  , Yunika Murdayanti  , Hafifah Nasution
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the regional financial accounting system, the accessibility of financial reports and internal controls on the accountability of regional financial management. This research is a quantitative research. The population in this study is the whole part involved in the management of regional finances in the villages in Bekasi City. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. Data collection techniques used in this study using survey methods. The data used are primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to respondents. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis with SPSS (Statistical Product and Services Solution) version 26. Based on the results of the study showed that the regional financial accounting system, the accessibility of financial statements, and internal control have a significant positive effect on the Financial Accountability Of Local Government.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Cuff Tear Arthropathy (Hamada Grade 5)
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Kenmoku Tomonori , Nakawaki Mitsufumi , Tazawa Ryo , Matsumoto Mitsuyoshi , Takaso Masashi
Published: December 2020

Case:

We performed arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction (ASCR) for cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) with humeral head deformity. A 62-year-old man presented with severely limited shoulder motion and recalcitrant omalgia. He had a history of dental implant removal due to metal allergy, and his Constant score was 21 points. We diagnosed CTA with Hamada classification grade 5 and performed ASCR to avoid allergic reactions. Severe night pain improved within 1 week of ASCR, and his Constant score after 2 years was 74 points.

Conclusion:

ASCR may be an effective alternative treatment for patients with CTA with humeral head deformity.
Custo-efetividade e limiar de custo para o uso do sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel para o tratamento do sangramento uterino anormal sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar no Brasil
Authors: Ramos Natalia , Martins Johnny , Cruz Ana Tereza , Ushikusa Thais , Pereira Ana Carolina , Fernandes Roberta
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Definir um limiar de custo para o sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel 52 mg (SIU-LNG 52 mg) para o tratamento do sangramento uterino anormal (SUA) sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar brasileiro. Métodos: Foi elaborado um modelo de custo-efetividade para definir o limiar de custo de inserção de SIU-LNG 52 mg em mulheres com SUA em comparação à histerectomia. Um modelo de Markov foi estruturado com ciclos anuais para reproduzir o tratamento do SUA em um e cinco anos, considerando custos médicos diretos e o percentual de histerectomias evitadas como desfecho. O custo da histerectomia foi variado até o valor de 10.000 reais brasileiros (BRL) com incrementos de 500 BRL a cada nova simulação para avaliar o limiar de custo do SIU-LNG 52 mg para igualar o custo total de tratamento de ambas as estratégias analisadas. Resultados: O SIU-LNG 52 mg demonstrou ser uma opção de tratamento dominante quando comparada à histerectomia, levando à redução da frequência de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 59,62% das mulheres e redução de 2.557,91 BRL no custo total de tratamento em cinco anos. Ao considerar a histerectomia a 6.000 BRL, o custo do procedimento com SIU-LNG 52 mg poderia ser de até 6.150,35 BRL e 3.994,60 BRL para igualar o custo total de tratamento, em horizontes temporais de um e cinco anos, respectivamente. Conclusão: SIU-LNG 52 mg demonstrou ser uma opção dominante para o manejo do SUA, sendo capaz de atrelar economia para o sistema de saúde a benefícios para a mulher perante a cirurgia.
Cost-effectiveness analysis and budgetary impact of antipsychotics available in the Brazilian Unified Health System
Authors: Vianna Cid , Fernandes Ricardo , Mosegui Gabriela , Pagnin Valéria
Published: December 2020

Objective: To carry out a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of antipsychotic use in adults to treat schizophrenia from the perspective of the Unified Health System (SUS). Methods: A Markov model simulated the treatment of schizophrenic patients with an initial average age of 25 years and a lifetime horizon. The possibility of combining drugs resulted in 20 pharmacotherapeutic strategies. Results: The lowest-cost strategy, risperidone/olanzapine, obtained values of $45,092.77 with effectiveness of 15.97 QALY. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in dollars/QALY of olanzapine/risperidone was 2,470.24, and risperidone/ziprasidone was 352,671.90, compared to the first option. All other therapeutic combinations were dominated. The budgetary impact assessment indicated that the most cost-effective choice could generate savings of US$ 1,555.00 on average, per patient, over five years. Conclusion: The therapeutic proposal with the lowest cost per patient was risperidone combined with olanzapine, revealing these two drugs as a strategy with lower budgetary impact and better cost-effectiveness.
Arcabouço legal da incorporação e acesso a dispositivos médicos no Brasil: estrutura, tipos de avaliação e oportunidades para avanços
Authors: Contó Murilo , Bonan Luciene
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Apresentar de forma estruturada o arcabouço legal brasileiro relacionado a classificação, nomenclaturas e etapas de incorporação de dispositivos médicos no SUS e na Saúde Suplementar. Métodos: Revisão e análise crítica de publicações oficiais e marcos legais aplicáveis a regulação, incorporação e acesso a dispositivos médicos no Brasil. Resultados: A partir dos achados, foi possível definir as classificações e nomenclaturas utilizadas pelos órgãos de governo e mapear o fluxo de incorporação tecnológica que compreende quatro etapas: um primeiro macroprocesso nacional de incorporação mercadológica a partir da obtenção do registro sanitário na Anvisa, quando o dispositivo é disponibilizado para comercialização no país; dois outros macroprocessos para as definições das políticas de reembolso e financiamento no SUS e na Saúde Suplementar que ocorrem a partir de submissões à Conitec e à ANS; e um processo de incorporação local, com a aquisição da tecnologia por estabelecimentos e serviços de saúde, representando o efetivo acesso da população. Conclusão: A ampla heterogeneidade dos dispositivos médicos torna a promoção do acesso a essas tecnologias mais desafiadora, exigindo, por parte de especialistas em Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, uma compreensão mais ampla dos fluxos, classificações, estratégias de avaliação e possibilidades de financiamento e reembolso que possuem diferenças significativas daquelas aplicáveis a medicamentos. Este trabalho possibilitou identificar as principais etapas de incorporação, sugerindo a correção de fragilidades detectadas, bem como avanços no sentido de promover o acesso da população a dispositivos médicos com maior rapidez e eficiência.
Cost of chronic red blood cell transfusion in the Brazilian private healthcare sector from a payer perspective
Authors: Magro Frederico José , Ribeiro Rodrigo , Sekine Leo , Marinato André , Nabhan Samir , Stefani Stephen , Marques Junior José Francisco
Published: December 2020

Objective: In the private healthcare sector in Brazil, the dearth of information regarding transfusion cost may compromise the management of conditions requiring long-term transfusion. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the cost of chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in this context. Methods: A payer perspective was chosen for the analysis. A survey performed by an expert advisory board gathered information on the amounts reimbursed by health plans to blood centers per outpatient transfusion of a single RBC bag in multitransfused patients. Survey results were contrasted to RBC transfusion cost calculated using Brazilian Hierarchical Classification of Medical Procedures (CBHPM) parameters from 2018 and 2010, the latter suggested by the advisory board as more accurately reflecting market prices. Results: Six blood centers in the South and Southeast of Brazil were surveyed. The median amount reimbursed per RBC unit was R$ 1,066.44 (interquartile range: R$ 665.00-1,252.00). The mean amount reimbursed was R$ 959.54 ± R$ 337.14 (minimum: R$ 295.00 – maximum: R$ 1,980.00). Using 2018 CBHPM parameters, the cost of transfusing one RBC unit was calculated as R$ 1,905.18. Using 2010 CBHPM parameters, the cost was R$ 1,119.69 per RBC unit. Conclusions: Analyses using 2018 CBHPM parameters may lead to overestimation of transfusion cost. The best estimate for outpatient transfusion of one RBC bag in the private health care sector in Brazil lies between the observed reimbursed values and 2010 CBHPM cost. The present results provide valuable information for future cost-effectiveness analyses focusing on disorders whose treatment involves routine RBC transfusion.
Custo-efetividade de alteplase no tratamento de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico até 4,5 horas após início dos sintomas: perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (SUS)
Authors: Campos Daniela , Martins Sheila Cristina , Safanelli Juliana , Santoni Natália , Aguirre Anna Rita , Marcolino Miriam , Ribeiro Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o custo-efetividade da trombólise com alteplase no tratamento de acidente vascular isquêmico (AVCi) agudo em até 4,5 horas após início dos sintomas em comparação com tratamento clínico conservador, sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil. Métodos: Construiu-se um modelo de Markov para simular o tratamento de AVCi agudo e suas consequências em curto e longo prazo. Foram conduzidas análises de custo-efetividade (anos de vida ganhos, AVG) e custo-utilidade (anos de vida ajustados pela qualidade de vida, QALY), considerando um horizonte temporal de tempo de vida. Parâmetros de eficácia e segurança foram obtidos em uma metanálise de dados individuais, considerando tratamento em até 3 horas e 3-4,5 horas. Os custos agudos e crônicos foram obtidos por análise secundária de dados de um hospital público brasileiro e expressos em reais (R$). Foram conduzidas análises de sensibilidade determinística e probabilística. Utilizou-se como limiar de disposição a pagar (LDP) 1 PIB (produto interno bruto) per capita para 2019 no Brasil (R$ 31.833,50). Resultados: O tratamento com alteplase vs. conservador resultou em incremento de 0,22 AVG, 0,32 QALY e R$ 4.320,12 em custo, com razão de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) estimada em R$ 19.996,43/AVG e R$ 13.383,64/QALY. Ambas as estimativas foram mais sensíveis a variações na efetividade e nos custos de tratamento agudo com alteplase. Para RCEI/AVG e RCEI/ QALY, 70,7% e 93,1% das simulações na análise de sensibilidade probabilística estavam abaixo do LDP, respectivamente. Conclusões: O tratamento com alteplase até 4,5 horas após o início dos sintomas tem elevada probabilidade de ser custo-efetivo na perspectiva do SUS.
Perfil de hospitalizações potencialmente relacionadas à influenza: dados de uma autogestão do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar do Brasil
Authors: Reis Neto João Paulo , Busch Juliana , Araujo Rafael Rodrigo , Barbosa Aline , Chagas Kelem , Boiron Louis , Teich Vanessa
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar, com dados de mundo real, hospitalizações por influenza e potencialmente relacionadas à influenza e seus custos associados em uma autogestão do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo na base de dados de uma autogestão, de setembro/2016 a agosto/2019, para avaliar o perfil de hospitalizações por três grupos de doença: influenza/pneumonia, outras doenças respiratórias e doenças cardiovasculares. Foram extraídos números absolutos de hospitalizações para cada grupo, assim como taxas de hospitalização, de re-hospitalização, custos totais e custo médio por paciente. Resultados: Foram registradas 1.047 hospitalizações por influenza/pneumonia, 148 por outras doenças respiratórias e 1.773 por doenças cardiovasculares. A maior taxa de hospitalização ocorreu para doenças cardiovasculares, seguida por influenza/pneumonia. Foram gastos R$ 54,5 milhões, R$ 32,4 milhões e R$ 4,1 milhões com hospitalizações relacionadas a doenças cardiovasculares, influenza/pneumonia e outras doenças respiratórias, respectivamente. O maior custo médio por hospitalização, por paciente, foi observado para influenza/pneumonia (R$ 30.952), seguido por doenças cardiovasculares (R$ 30.740) e outras doenças respiratórias (R$ 27.661). Houve um maior número de hospitalizações no grupo com 65 anos ou mais, assim como maiores custos, representando 81,6% a 92,0% do custo total de hospitalizações para todas as faixas etárias. Conclusões: Influenza e doenças potencialmente relacionadas a ela, que incluem doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares, são responsáveis por impactos clínicos e econômicos relevantes, com maiores custos associados às faixas etárias mais altas. Intervenções para minimizar o impacto da influenza, como vacinação, são de extrema relevância para a redução dos custos associados e devem ser consideradas pelos gestores.
Apresentação
Authors: Linhaus de Oliveira Kátia , Taques Fernando José
Published: December 2020

Apresentação da edição nº 14 da Revista Extensão Tecnológica.