bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of conversation in coping with the psychosocial situation of dealing with cancer
Authors: Sægrov Solveig Nelly
Published: August 2019

Objective: In this Scoping study, the purpose is to examine and describe what the research literature reports on the use of professional conversation as a tool for helping people with cancer cope with the psychosocial situation. The cancer patient may experience several side effects and symptoms related to treatment and illness, and may have a need for more support through professional conversation.Methods: Scoping study with searches in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Psyclfo, Academic Search premier, Cochrane and Ovid.Results: Twenty-nine studies were examined in the initial search, and twenty-four of them were included. Six examined the cancer patient's needs for conversation, thirteen nurses’ qualifications, and five whether conversation provides support. One factor that clearly emerges from the findings of several of the studies is that many nurses experience communication barriers in their encounters with cancer patients.Conclusions: The findings indicated a strong need for conversation. One surprising finding was the communication barriers experienced by nurses/health care professionals.
Digital-Native Trends in Teaching ESP to Engineering Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Abdul Wadood
Published: August 2019

The internet has redefined every aspect of human life-personal routines, business practices, and education. Advances in information and communication technology have also influenced English language learning and teaching in classrooms. This study explores the effectiveness of eLearning tools in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses to engineering students in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire with 15 questions about the employment of eLearning tools in Saudi universities was distributed to 60 ESP instructors selected from across universities in Saudi Arabia based on convenience sampling. The analysis of the data is inferential and interpretive. The results reveal that the adoption of eLearning tools in ESP classrooms is perceived by instructors to be effective for teaching the English language to engineering students. However, as per the result, eLearning tools along with traditional teaching methods are considered more convicing for teaching ESP to engineering students.
Inoculation of Maize Seeds With Azospirillum and Magnesium Through Foliar Application to Enhance Productive Performance
Authors: Júnior Roberto Cecatto , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Bulegon Lucas Guilherme , Suss Anderson Daniel , Bazei Guilherme Luiz , Brito Tauane Santos , Inigaki Adriano Mitio
Published: August 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of maize crop when seed inoculated with A. brasilense, associated with different foliar doses of magnesium in the crop vegetative stages. For this, two essays were conducted in field conditions, one located in Laranjeiras do Sul-PR and the other in Entre Rios do Oeste-PR. A randomized blocks scheme was used, with a 3 × 2 factorial, being the treatments with magnesium (Mg): magnesium sulphate; magnesium oxide and without magnesium, and the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense. The magnesium sources were supplied via foliar at the V4 stage of the crop, using doses of 6 kg ha-1. Evaluations were carried at R1 determining the SPAD index and stem diameter and, at the end of the productive cycle, were evaluated production components and yield. In both sites no significant effects of foliar application with Mg were observed over the evaluated parameters. The A. brasilense inoculation provided an increase of 9.66% and 6.32% in stem diameter and of 6.8% and 6.24% in the SPAD index in Laranjeiras do Sul and Entre Rios do Oeste respectively, however, they did not increase production components and yield. It is concluded that the inoculation with A. brasilense increases of stem diameter values and SPAD index, in turn the foliar fertilization with different sources of magnesium do not interfere in the development and productivity of corn crop.
Allelopathy of Dahlstedtia araripensis on Calotropis procera and Zea mays
Authors: Silva Viviane Bezerra da , Bezerra José Weverton Almeida , Cruz Mariana Ferreira da , Leandro Cícero dos Santos , Sousa José Fábio de Oliveira , Santos Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos , Santos Antonio Carlito Bezerra dos , Costa Natália Cavalcante da , Campos Natália Barbosa , Cordeiro Luciana Silva , Costa José Galberto Martins da , Silva Maria Arlene Pessoa da
Published: August 2019

Studies related to the allelopathic properties of plants have aroused great interest, since species that have compounds with allelopathic activity can be used as bioherbicides in the control of weeds. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic action of Dahlstedtia araripensis on the germination and growth of Calotropis procera and Zea mays. The bioassays were prepared using two 50 g portions of leaves, stem bark and D. araripensis roots, and each part of the plant received a hot treatment (1 L of distilled water at 100 °C) and one part cold (1 L of distilled water at 25 °C). The experimental design consisted of six treatments and the control group. The variables analyzed were: Index of Emergency Speed (IES), germinability, length and occurrence of necrotic radicles. The results indicated that the extracts interfered negatively on the germinability of the seeds, mainly on those of C. procera, since all extracts significantly inhibited its germination. In the seeds of C. procera and Z. mays there was delay in IES. The results indicated that the cold and hot extracts of the distinct parts of D. araripensis affected the development of the seedlings, besides promoting root necrosis. The observed effects may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites detected in the different extracts of D. araripensis. However, further research is required to prove the performance of such compounds, as well as their isolation, for future use asnatural herbicides.
Droplet Spectrum Produced in Pumpkin Cultures Submitted to Different Forms of Spraying
Authors: Vitória Edney L. da , Crause Deborah H. , Freitas Ismael L. de J. , Locatelli Tamara , Lacerda Elcio das G. , Valle Juliana M. , Silva Marcelo B. da , Fernandes Adriano A. , Vitória Rafael Z. da , Ferreira Francisco de A. , Santos Joyce L. dos , Freitas Silvério de P.
Published: August 2019

The uniformity and droplet size produced during the spraying as well the correct deposition of these in the target, contribute directly to the success of a pesticide application. The objective of the present study was to characterize the ejected spray in the aerial and terrestrial spraying of pumpkin crops, with the use of adjuvants in a liquid solution. The experiment was carried out in two commercial plantations, in an entirely randomized design, employing a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with six forms of application and two liquid compositions. The droplet spectrum was assessed employing water-sensitive card imaging. Smaller drop sizes and relative amplitudes were produced by aerial applications. In turn, the largest droplet diameters and the lowest percentage of drops smaller than 100 μm were obtained when using air induction twin flat spray nozzles. The adjuvant did not interfere in the numerical and volumetric median diameters, the relative amplitude, or the volume rate of droplets smaller than 100 μm.
Turismo Sustentável e Educação Ambiental: dois importantes aliados na promoção do Desenvolvimento Sustentável / Sustainable Tourism and Environmental Education: two important allies in Sustainable Development promotion
Authors: Santos Giovana Natalie Carvalho , Bernardes Maria Beatriz Junqueira
Published: August 2019

A urgência do tratamento das questões ambientais e da promoção de processos mais sustentáveis, assim como a crescente competitividade entre os destinos turísticos e os impactos negativos gerados pelo turismo exigem que todos os envolvidos na cadeia turística tomem consciência de sua corresponsabilidade na preservação ambiental e melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. A Educação Ambiental (EA) apresenta-se como uma grande aliada do turismo sustentável, ao promover a tomada de consciência por meio da vivência. Este artigo é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e tem como propósito discutir sobre a importância da Educação Ambiental para o desenvolvimento do Turismo Sustentável. Caracteriza-se como pesquisa exploratória sendo consultados para contextualização e abordagem da temática livros, artigos científicos, legislação e sites. O artigo se divide em quatro sessões em que serão discutidos temas como o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Sustentabilidade, a relevância da Educação Ambiental como agente transformador e promotor do DS e a importância da EA para a promoção do Turismo Sustentável. Palavras-chave: Turismo Sustentável, Educação Ambiental, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Sustentabilidade.AbstractThe urgency of addressing environmental issues and promoting more sustainable processes, as well as the increasing competitiveness between touristic destinations and the negative impacts generated by tourism, require all those involved in the tourism chain to become aware of their co-responsibility in environmental preservation and improvement of the populations' quality of life. Environmental Education (EE) presents itself as a great ally of sustainable tourism by promoting awareness through living. This article is a cut of the master's dissertation of the Postgraduate Program in Geography of the Federal University of Uberlândia and aims to discuss the importance of Environmental Education for the development of Sustainable Tourism. It is characterised as exploratory research being consulted for contextualization and approach of thematic books, scientific articles, legislation and sites. The article is divided into four sessions that will discuss topics such as Sustainable Development and Sustainability, the relevance of Environmental Education as a transforming agent and promoter of SD and the importance of EE for the promotion of Sustainable Tourism.Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Environmental Education, Sustainable Development, Sustainability.
Segregação Socioespacial e os Espaços Residenciais Fechados em Cidades Médias / Socioespacial Segregation and Gated Communities in Medium Size Cities
Authors: Batista Ramony Pereira , Pereira Anete Marília , Bortolo Carlos Alexandre
Published: August 2019

No capitalismo contemporâneo, o espaço urbano é entendido enquanto mercadoria, sendo produzido em conformidade com interesses econômicos. Nesse sentido, é parcelado e comercializado como produto imobiliário, e se insere no processo de acumulação do capital e do lucro. Em consequência disso, a cidade produzida coletivamente é apropriada individualmente, favorecendo o estabelecimento de uma cidade fragmentada, contraditória e conflituosa. A segregação socioespacial aprofunda e ratifica as diferenças e a hierarquia dos lugares na cidade, tendo nos Espaços Residenciais Fechados – ERFs – sua materialização. O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre a segregação socioespacial na sua relação com os condomínios residenciais fechados tendo como estudo de caso a cidade de Montes Claros/MG. Para isso foi utilizada uma metodologia de pesquisa constituída por revisão bibliográfica e trabalho de campo. Como resultado, verificou-se que também em Montes Claros essa forma de morar deixa evidente a diferença no acesso à cidade, sendo esse mediado pelo poder aquisitivos dos moradores. A partir dos anos de 1990 ocorreu a implantação de vários condomínios na porção sudoeste da cidade, área onde vive uma população com maior renda.Palavras chaves: cidade, segregação socioespacial, espaços residenciais fechados, Montes Claros.AbstractIn contemporary capitalism, urban space is understood as a commodity, being produced by economic interests. In this sense, it is parcelled out and marketed as a real estate product, and it is part of the process of accumulation of capital and profit. As a consequence, the city produced collectively is individually appropriated, favouring the establishment of a fragmented, contradictory and conflicting city. Socio-spatial segregation deepens and ratifies the differences and hierarchy of places in the city; such a process has in a gated community - its materialisation. The present article aims to reflect on the socio-spatial segregation in its relationship with the gated community having as a case study the city of Montes Claros / MG. A research methodology was used to achieve that, consisting of bibliographical review and fieldwork. As a result, it was also verified that in Montes Claros this way of living makes evident the difference in access to the city, which is mediated by the purchasing power of the residents. Starting in the 1990s, several condominiums were set up in the southwest portion of the city, where a population with higher income lives.Keywords: city, socio-spatial segregation, closed residential spaces, Montes Claros.
Der „Muskeljude“ und israelische Fußballmythen
Authors: Zimmermann Moshe
Published: August 2019

Only few Israeli football-players have reached the status of a football myth. The two undisputable examples, Yaakov Chodorov, the goalkeeper, and Yehoshua Glaser, the striker, are representative of the early years of the state of Israel: They became football myths because of the role they played in the process of nation-building and because they epitomize the basic idea of Zionism, Israel’s state ideology.
“Tanked up Yobs” and “Self-Pity City”. Deconstructing the Myths of the Hillsborough Disaster
Authors: McDougall Alan
Published: August 2019

On 15 April 1989, Liverpool FC played Nottingham Forest in an FA Cup semi-final at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield in northern England. Catastrophic errors by the police and other organisations led to the deaths of 96 Liverpool supporters, crushed against the perimeter fences on the Leppings Lane terrace. Though the horrific facts of the disaster were quickly and widely known, they were lost beneath another narrative, promoted by the police, numerous politicians, and large sections of the media. This narrative blamed the disaster on “tanked up yobs”: drunk and aggressive Liverpool supporters, who turned up late and forced their way into the ground. Over the subsequent years and decades, as Hillsborough campaigners vainly sought justice for the disaster’s victims in a series of trials and inquests, the destructive allegation remained in the public realm. It was reinforced by establishment dismissal of Liverpool as a “self-pity city”, home to a community incapable of accepting official verdicts or of leaving the past in the past. This essay uncovers the history of the myths of the Hillsborough disaster. It first shows how these myths were established - how false narratives, with powerful backers, shifted responsibility for the disaster from the police to supporters, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. It then examines how these myths were embedded in public discourse - how Liverpool was demonised as an aggressively sentimental city where people refused to admit to “killing their own”. It finally analyses how these myths were overturned through research, media mobilisation, and grassroots activism, a process that culminated in the 2016 inquest verdict, which ruled that the 96 Hillsborough victims were unlawfully killed. In doing so, the essay shows how Hillsborough became a key event in modern British history, influencing everything from stadium design to government legislation.
Japan-EEC/EU Relations, 1970-2005: Re-Emergence as Strategic Partners in Trade and Environment
Authors: SUZUKI Hitoshi , MAKIHARA Izuru
Published: August 2019

Negotiations on a Japan-EEC trade agreement faced a deadlock only three years after the launch of the common foreign trade policy in 1970. The European Commission adopted a step-by-step approach to change the climate. European business people were sent to Japan under the ETP-Japan. The Commission welcomed Japanese investments so that Japanese exports could be reduced. Japanese plants were launched in Britain. After the cold war ended, Japanese manufacturers headed towards the newly liberalised countries. Japan’s policy of commitment - via both aid and investments - was an extension of her relations with the Central and Eastern European countries during the cold war, namely towards the GDR. However, after 1991, Japan’s priority was not limited to her market share in Europe and gained a longer perspective to stabilise the region. Joint efforts made Japan and the EU claim themselves as global actors. Both shared fears on global warming and agreed upon the Kyoto Protocol of 1997.
The EU Promotion of Security Cooperation in the Non-European World: The Case of ASEAN and Myanmar
Authors: MARCHI Ludovica
Published: August 2019

This article explores the EU’s attempts at the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) to encourage Myanmar directly, or indirectly via the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), to connect with security cooperation. It argues that both ASEAN’s assumption of responsibility and Myanmar’s taking on of multilateral security options were linked to the EU’s policy at ARF. In order to demonstrate this, the article provides an historical insight into the EEC/EU’s relations with ASEAN, in 1980, leading to the EU’s participation in the ARF in 1993. It focuses on the EU’s messages at the Forum when the EU and ASEAN co-chaired the ARF meetings. Meetings co-chaired by both were held between 2004 and 2008. The investigation relates to the ARF as to a framework where interactions develop, and uses Cyclone Nargis that ravaged Myanmar in 2008 to assess Myanmar and ASEAN’s conduct. In evaluating Yangon and the Association’s behaviour, the article is helped by explanations provided by social mechanisms, an appropriateness logic and observations derived from interviews conducted in Southeast Asia and Brussels. The article covers the interaction between the EU and Myanmar before the outbreak of the Rohingya crisis, which gave EU policies towards Myanmar a new dimension.
Heavy hand oder laissez faire?
Authors: Ansmann Moritz , Seyfried Markus
Published: August 2019

Im Gewährleistungsstaat ergeben sich bei der Erfüllung öffentlicher Aufgaben grundsätzlich vielfältige Möglichkeiten einer kooperativen Aufgabenteilung zwischen staatlichen und privaten Akteuren. Dies setzt jedoch voraus, dass staatliche Behörden ihre Rolle als zentrale Regulierungs- und Kontrollinstanz wahrnehmen und damit ihrer Gewähr leistungsverantwortung gerecht werden. Mit Blick auf die zunehmende Auslagerung von Sicherheitsaufgaben untersucht der Bei trag die Kontrollpraxis staatlicher Behörden gegenüber privaten Sicher heits dienstleistern. Dazu wird auf quantitative Befunde einer Online-Befragung von Ordnungsbehörden und Sicherheitsdienstleistern zurück gegriffen. Zu deren Einordnung werden qualitative Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie herangezogen. Während die quantitativen Befunde ein weitreichendes Kontrolldefizit offenlegen, verdeutlichen die qualitativen Erkenntnisse eine Vielfalt dahinterliegender Kontrollherausforderungen.
Beyond Bitnet: Telnetting to the United Kingdom
Authors: Kesselman Martin
Published: August 2019

Beyond Bitnet: Telnetting to the United Kingdom
1994–95 ACRL Annual Report; Charting New Directions for ACRL
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

1994–95 ACRL Annual Report; Charting New Directions for ACRL
Hosting an international librarian
Authors: Hary Nicoletta Mattioli , Hary Francesca L.
Published: August 2019

Hosting an international librarian
Working with faculty to build collections
Authors: Jenkins Paul O.
Published: August 2019

Working with faculty to build collections
ULS at NYC: Identifying ourselves as leaders
Authors: Walker Paula , Frank Don , Danick Deborah B.
Published: August 2019

ULS at NYC: Identifying ourselves as leaders
CHOOSING OUR FUTURES: Dining out: Nashville’s great restaurant scene
Authors: Hallblade Shirley
Published: August 2019

CHOOSING OUR FUTURES: Dining out: Nashville’s great restaurant scene
Letter to the editor
Authors: Parsons Gary
Published: August 2019

Letter to the editor
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: Digital archiving
Authors: Marcum Deanna
Published: August 2019

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: Digital archiving
Benefit of Cisplatin With Definitive Radiotherapy in Older Women With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Xiang Michael , Kidd Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2019

Background: Cisplatin with definitive radiotherapy (RT) is considered the standard of care for cervical cancer; however, older women are frequently undertreated and have worse outcomes compared with younger patients. Because women aged ≥65 years have been disproportionately underrepresented in clinical trials, uncertainties exist regarding how much they benefit from the addition of cisplatin to RT. Patients and Methods: Women aged ≥65 years with nonmetastatic cervical cancer treated with definitive external-beam RT and brachytherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare database. Death attributable to cervical cancer (cancer-specific mortality [CSM]) was evaluated against competing risks of death using Gray’s test. Propensity score analysis and the Fine-Gray multivariable regression model were used to adjust for baseline differences, including comorbidity. Results: The total cohort comprised 826 patients, of whom 531 (64%) received cisplatin, 233 (28%) were FIGO stage I, 374 (45%) were stage II, and 219 (27%) were stage III–IVA. Older age and chronic kidney disease significantly predicted omission of cisplatin. Virtually all cisplatin dosing was weekly, with a median of 5 cycles. Death from cervical cancer was significantly lower with cisplatin than without (5-year CSM, 31% vs 39%; P=.02; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; P=.02), which persisted in propensity score analysis. Receiving ≥5 cycles was required for benefit, as no difference in CSM was seen in patients receiving 1 to 4 cycles versus no cisplatin. Subgroup analyses revealed that the benefit of cisplatin persisted in women aged ≥75 years and those with early-stage disease. Incidence of cytopenia, nausea/vomiting, and hypovolemia increased in patients treated with cisplatin. Conclusions: Administration of cisplatin with definitive RT in women aged ≥65 years was associated with a significant benefit in the incidence of death attributable to cervical cancer, despite competing risks for mortality in an older population. Receiving at least 5 cycles of weekly cisplatin was required for benefit.
Post-colonialisme et modernité chez Louis Hémon
Authors: Lapointe Gilles
Published: August 2019

Les recherches de Nicole Deschamps sur Louis Hémon ont largement contribué, dès la fin les années 1960, au regain d’intérêt de la critique pour l’écrivain et son oeuvre. Depuis la publication dans Études françaises, en février 1967, de la lettre que Louis Hémon adressa à son père, en passant par Le mythe de Maria Chapdelaine, essai cosigné avec Raymonde Héroux et Normand Villeneuve paru en 1980 aux Presses de l’Université de Montréal, et la publication, cette même année, chez Boréal Express, des Lettres à sa famille de Louis Hémon, les recherches de Nicole Deschamps n’ont en effet cessé d’éclairer de l’intérieur le destin de celui qu’elle désigne comme « le fils rebelle ». Dans le contexte de la relecture du « portrait du colonisé québécois » dont le roman Maria Chapdelaine devint un enjeu dans les années 1970, Nicole Deschamps a engagé un important travail d’analyse de l’oeuvre de Hémon. Abordant les phénomènes d’aliénation culturelle, de mimétisme, de dépossession et de précarité culturelle, l’auteure décrit le roman de Hémon comme un texte « terrorisé par le discours du pouvoir ». Les travaux de Nicole Deschamps et ceux du groupe de jeunes chercheurs qu’elle réunit au cours de la décennie suivante trouvent à s’inscrire à l’intérieur de l’ouverture pluridisciplinaire plus large des postcolonial studies qui émergent à la fin des années 1970 et qui trouvent leur fondement dans l’anthropologie culturelle et les sciences sociales. Remettant en question l’usage qui a été fait du récit de Louis Hémon, la chercheuse, dont la réflexion s’inspire des Mythologies de Barthes, des travaux de Frantz Fanon et d’Albert Memmi ainsi que de la revue Parti pris, met en évidence le colonialisme culturel qui marque l’histoire de l’interprétation et de la diffusion de Maria Chapdelaine. La découverte d’un important fonds Louis Hémon à Quimper et le relevé précis que Nicole Deschamps établira des différentes fortunes littéraires du roman à l’étranger l’amèneront à considérer Maria Chapdelaine « comme un phénomène probablement unique d’anthropologie culturelle » et à l’aborder comme « un symptôme universel de la condition de colonisé ». Cette étude s’engage donc sur les traces du travail de la chercheuse et en interroge les avancées critiques et théoriques. Anticipant plusieurs travaux qui tenteront de définir une poétique postcoloniale, Nicole Deschamps livre, avec Le mythe de Maria Chapdelaine, la première étude d’envergure portant sur l’un des canons de la littérature québécoise, à une époque où les postcolonial studies restent un champ d’étude encore largement ignoré par la critique universitaire française et québécoise.
Decolonial Reflections in Latin American Metal Music
Authors: Varas-Díaz Nelson , Morales Eric
Published: August 2019

Latin America’s history is deeply embedded in the experience of coloniality. Still, its history cannot be told without stories of resistance to its colonial experience. This resistance takes many shapes, from armed conflict to the use of the arts, and addresses many consequences of coloniality. We aim to explore how metal music in Latin America has been used to challenge the colonial legacy of the region. Although coloniality has had many implications (e.g., political, economical, environmental), we focus on the specific challenge towards religion (Christianity in particular) as a strategy to critically assess this colonial legacy. We present three thematic examples that highlight this critical approach in Latin American metal towards coloniality in general, and Christian religion in particular. These include : 1) highlighting the presence of indigenous populations in the region, 2) reframing of religious culture as an act of resistance, and 3) linking religion to current colonial politics.
Dire Dieu par la musique dans la propagande guerrière d’hier à aujourd’hui
Authors: Bellavance Éric , Venkatesh Vivek
Published: August 2019

Entre les années 2014 et 2016, une série de vidéos diffusées en libre accès sur Internet par Daech présente le pillage, le saccage et la destruction de vestiges de l’Empire néo-assyrien, qui a dominé le Proche-Orient entre lexeet leviiesiècle avant notre ère. Ces vidéos, dans lesquelles le groupe armé s’attaque au passé préislamique de la région et fait la promotion de son idéologie djihadiste-salafiste, sont accompagnées de chantsa capella, connus sous le nom d’anachîds.Cet article s’attarde, dans un premier temps, au rôle de la musique dans la propagande assyrienne puisque, ironiquement, les Assyriens ont été les premiers à faire usage de musique dans leur propagande religieuse et militaire. Dans un deuxième temps, lesanachîdsqui accompagnent ces vidéos de Daech sont analysés afin de mieux comprendre le rôle que joue la musique dans certains discours théologiques du groupe armé. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons des théories développées dans les domaines de la psychologie sociale, du marketing, de la culture de consommation et de la philosophie postmoderne. Celles-ci permettent de mieux comprendre comment la destruction de lieux appartenant au passé préislamique de l’Iraq moderne, l’hyperviolence et la consommation morbide de dystopies interagissent avec les concepts de religion, de blasphème et de politique sociale.
Development of genomic simple sequence repeat markers for Glycyrrhiza lepidota and cross-amplification of other Glycyrrhiza species
Authors: Bang Jun Hyoung , Hong Chi Eun , Raveendar Sebastin , Bang Kyong Hwan , Ma Kyung Ho , Kwon Soon Wook , Ryu Hojin , Jo Ick Hyun , Chung Jong-Wook
Published: August 2019

Background

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp. L.) is used as a natural sweetener and medicinal herb in European and Asian countries. Molecular studies have been conducted to find differences between wild and cultivated species because most wild species are highly resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses compared with their cultivated species. However, few molecular markers have been developed for studying the genetic diversity and population structure of licorice species and to identify differences between cultivars. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a set of genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for molecular studies of these species.

Methods

In the present study, we developed polymorphic SSR markers based on whole-genomesequence data of Glycyrrhiza lepidota. Then, based on the sequence information, the polymorphic SSR markers were developed. The SSR markers were applied to 23 Glycyrrhiza individual plants. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships and interspecies transferability among samples.

Results

The genetic diversity analysis using these markers identified 2–23 alleles, and the major allele frequency, observed heterozygosity, genetic diversity, and polymorphism information content were 0.11–0.91, 0–0.90, 0.17–0.94, and 0.15–0.93, respectively. Interspecies transferability values were 93.5%, 91.6%, and 91.1% for G. echinata, G. glabra, and G. uralensis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered cultivated (group 1) and wild (group 2) species into three and two subgroups, respectively. The reported markers represent a valuable resource for the genetic characteri z ation of Glycyrrhiza spp. for theanalysis of its genetic variability, and as a tool for licorice transferability. This is the first intraspecific study in a collection of Glycyrrhiza spp. germplasm using SSR markers.
Micropellet Particles: A Vector of Hydrophobic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Lagos Lagoon
Authors: A. Abiodun Olushola , I. Osuala Fidelia , A. Otitoloju Adebayo , Fotsing3 Carine M. D. , T. Ndinteh Derek
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The occurrence of plastic waste materials in the aquatic environment is receiving enormous attention all over the world due to its negative impacts on aquatic organisms. Micropellet litters have been found to adsorb and absorbs persistent organic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Endocrine disrupting chemicals are recognized toxic chemicals to human and organisms.

Aim: This study quantifies occurrence of micropellet particles in Lagos Lagoon and their EDCs contents.

Methodology: The sampling was conducted from 2016 to 2018 at eight sampling locations with three points established in each of the sampling station. The chemical analysis of EDCs was conducted by gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector and flame ionization detector.

Results: Micropellet particles occurrence was highest in surface water (67%) compared to (33%) in sediment during the period of sampling. EDCs contents reflect contamination of PCBs and PAHs in the extracted micropellet particles. Some sampling stations contained relatively higher PAHs concentrations but very low concentration of PCBs.

Conclusion: Since, micropellet particles and EDCs cannot be removed completely from the aquatic environment; reduction of impending hazards ought to rely on curtailing disposal of plastic materials and sensitizing the populace on general disposal methods in order to minimize interaction of plastic particles with EDCs which are likely to pose significant effects on aquatic fauna.
Effect of Cooking Methods and Temperature on Proximate and Amino Acid Composition of Breakfast Sausage
Authors: Oshibanjo D. O. , Olusola O. O. , Ogunwole O. A.
Published: August 2019

Aims: The effect of cooking method and temperature on amino acid composition of breakfast sausage (BS) was undertaken in this study.

Methodology: Three batches of prepared BS from beef, were randomly allotted to three cooking methods (CM): (boiling, grilling and frying) each at cooking temperatures (CT) of 80, 90 and 100°C to attain internal temperature of 72°C in a completely randomized design. Samples from each treatment were oven-dried and assayed for amino acid and proximate composition using standard procedures. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05.

Results: Results showed that grilled sausage at 80°C had highest total amino acid profile (3.2%). Grilled sausage at 80°C had highest crude protein (25.58%). Grilled BS at 80°C recorded least fat content (15.99%). Grilled sausage at 80°C had the higher ash (6.66%) and least (1.40%) in boiled sausage at 90°C.

Conclusion: Therefore, breakfast sausage could be best grilled at 80°C due to maintain high amino acid profile, crude protein, ash and lower fat content.
Emerging lysosomal pathways for quality control at the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: De Leonibus Chiara , Cinque Laura , Settembre Carmine
Published: August 2019

Protein misfolding occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) might eventually lead to aggregation and cellular distress, and is a primary pathogenic mechanism in multiple human disorders. Mammals have developed evolutionary‐conserved quality control mechanisms at the level of the ER. The best characterized is the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, through which misfolded proteins translocate from the ER to the cytosol and are subsequently proteasomally degraded. However, increasing evidence indicates that additional quality control mechanisms apply for misfolded ER clients that are not eligible for ERAD. This review focuses on the alternative, ERAD‐independent, mechanisms of clearance of misfolded polypeptides from the ER. These processes, collectively referred to as ER‐to‐lysosome–associated degradation, involve ER‐phagy, microautophagy or vesicular transport. The identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms is particularly important for developing new therapeutic approaches for human diseases associated with protein aggregate formation.
Influence of Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Coatings on the High‐Temperature Compression Strength of Al2O3‐C Foam Filter Structures
Authors: Ranglack-Klemm Yvonne , Storti Enrico , Aneziris Christos G. , Biermann Horst
Published: August 2019

Materials for steel‐melt filtration have to fulfill different thermomechanical requirements and especially withstand the thermal shock attack in the beginning of casting. In particular, carbon‐bonded alumina materials provide an excellent thermomechanical performance and have been used in functional components such as submerged entry nozzles, stoppers, and sliding gates for several years. The present study investigates the mechanical high‐temperature behavior of Al2O3‐C foam filter structures with coatings based on carbon nanotubes+Al2O3‐nanosheets (CNT‐ANS) and carbon nanotubes+Al2O3‐nanospheres (CNT‐ANB) at 1100 and 1450 °C. The foam filters are tested in an electromechanical testing machine under argon atmosphere in quasi‐static compression. The tests show a brittle material behavior at 1100 °C with higher compressive strength of the coated filter samples. At 1450 °C, a loss of strength occurs, accompanied by an increase in plastic deformation. Rupture of struts and behavior of the coatings are microstructurally analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. As the mechanical load during the tests is much longer than in real immersion tests, the high‐temperature performance is considered trustworthy.
Cell Membrane‐Coated Magnetic Nanocubes with a Homotypic Targeting Ability Increase Intracellular Temperature due to ROS Scavenging and Act as a Versatile Theranostic System for Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Tapeinos Christos , Tomatis Francesca , Battaglini Matteo , Larrañaga Aitor , Marino Attilio , Telleria Iker Aguirrezabal , Angelakeris Makis , Debellis Doriana , Drago Filippo , Brero Francesca , Arosio Paolo , Lascialfari Alessandro , Petretto Andrea , Sinibaldi Edoardo , Ciofani Gianni
Published: August 2019

In this study, hybrid nanocubes composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and manganese dioxide (MnO2), coated with U‐251 MG cell‐derived membranes (CM‐NCubes) are synthesized. The CM‐NCubes demonstrate a concentration‐dependent oxygen generation (up to 15%), and, for the first time in the literature, an intracellular increase of temperature (6 °C) due to the exothermic scavenging reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is showed. Internalization studies demonstrate that the CM‐NCubes are internalized much faster and at a higher extent by the homotypic U‐251 MG cell line compared to other cerebral cell lines. The ability of the CM‐NCubes to cross an in vitro model of the blood‐brain barrier is also assessed. The CM‐NCubes show the ability to respond to a static magnet and to accumulate in cells even under flowing conditions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that 500 µg mL−1 of sorafenib‐loaded or unloaded CM‐NCubes are able to induce cell death by apoptosis in U‐251 MG spheroids that are used as a tumor model, after their exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Finally, it is shown that the combination of sorafenib and AMF induces a higher enzymatic activity of caspase 3 and caspase 9, probably due to an increment in reactive oxygen species by means of hyperthermia.
Tailoring Surface Properties via Functionalized Hydrofluorinated Graphene Compounds
Authors: Son Jangyup , Buzov Nikita , Chen Sihan , Sung Dongchul , Ryu Huije , Kwon Junyoung , Kim SunPhil , Namiki Shunya , Xu Jingwei , Hong Suklyun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , King William P. , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung , van der Zande Arend M.
Published: August 2019

A new compound material of 2D hydrofluorinated graphene (HFG) is demonstrated whose relative hydrogen/fluorine concentrations can be tailored between the extremes of either hydrogenated graphene (HG) and fluorinated graphene (FG). The material is fabricated through subsequent exposures to indirect hydrogen plasma and xenon difluoride (XeF2). Controlling the relative concentration in the HFG compound enables tailoring of material properties between the extremes offered by the constituent materials and in‐plane patterning produces micrometer‐scale regions with different surface properties. The utility of the technique to tailor the surface wettability, surface friction, and electrical conductivity is demonstrated. HFG compounds display wettability between the extremes of pure FG with contact angle of 95° ± 5° and pure HG with contact angle of 42° ± 2°. Similarly, the HFG surface friction may be tailored between the two extremes. Finally, the HFG electrical conductivity tunes through five orders of magnitude when transitioning from FG to HG. When combined with simulation, the electrical measurements reveal the mechanism producing the compound to be a dynamic process of adatom desorption and replacement. This study opens a new class of 2D compound materials and innovative chemical patterning with applications for atomically thin 2D circuits consisting of chemically/electrically modulated regions.
Coupling Nanofibril Lateral Size and Residual Lignin to Tailor the Properties of Lignocellulose Films
Authors: Imani Monireh , Ghasemian Ali , Dehghani‐Firouzabadi Mohammad Reza , Afra Elyas , Borghei Maryam , Johansson Leena S. , Gane Patrick A. C. , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: August 2019

Lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNF) are produced from a single source of unbleached, oxidized wood fibers by serial disintegration, high‐pressure microfluidization, and homogenization. Sequential centrifugation enables fractionation by fibril width (≈5, ≈9, and ≈18 nm). LCNF residual lignin of high molecular mass reports together with the finest fraction (LCNF‐fine), whereas the more strongly cellulose‐bound lignin, of relatively lower molecular mass, associates with the coarsest fraction (LCNF‐coarse). Hot pressing softens the amorphous lignin, which fills the interstices between fibrils and acts as an in‐built interfacial cross‐linker. Thus, going from the LCNF‐fine to the LCNF‐course films, it is possible to obtain a range of values for the structural consolidation (density from 0.9 to 1.2 g cm−3 and porosity from 19% to 40%), surface roughness (RMS from ≈6 to 13 nm), and strength (elastic modulus from 8 to ≈12 GPa). The concentration of free hydroxyl groups controls effectively the direct surface interactions with liquids. The apparent surface energy dispersive component tracks with the total surface free energy and appears to be strongly influenced by the higher porosity as the fibril lateral size increases. The results demonstrate the possibility to tailor nanofibril cross‐linking and associated optical and thermo‐mechanical performance of LCNF films.
2D Materials for Terahertz Modulation
Authors: Gopalan Prashanth , Sensale‐Rodriguez Berardi
Published: August 2019

Terahertz waves spanning over the 0.1 to 10 THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum have attracted significant attention owing to a variety of potential applications such as short‐range high‐speed data transmission, noninvasive screening and detection, materials characterization, spectroscopy, etc. This has resulted in massive strides in the development of essential system components such as broadband terahertz sources, detector arrays with high responsivity, as well as modulators. In parallel to this, spurred by the isolation of graphene in 2004, a tremendous interest in 2D systems has led to the rapid exploration and development of a library of atomically thin materials. These can exhibit a myriad of electrical and optical functionalities stemming from semiconducting, insulating, semi‐metallic, or superconducting behavior. In this context, since the early 2010s, 2D materials have been actively explored for active control of terahertz electromagnetic radiation. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of the pioneering efforts as well as the latest progress in these two overlapping research areas. In particular, the discussion is focused on the application of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides in optically and electrically actuated terahertz amplitude and phase modulators. Furthermore, it provides an outlook on the technological prospects and challenges in these devices.
Resonant Dual‐Grating Metamembranes Supporting Spectrally Narrow Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Hemmati Hafez , Magnusson Robert
Published: August 2019

Properties of photonic devices fashioned with dual‐grating metamaterials are reported. Enclosed by dual periodic regions, laterally propagating Bloch modes undergo radiative scattering and leaky‐mode resonance whose properties differ markedly from those with single periodicity. The resonance signatures are sensitively controlled by the relative parameters of the periodic regions. In particular, if they are physically identical and separated by a half‐wavelength, there ensues a bound state in the continuum (BIC) with extremely narrow resonance linewidth. On varying the separation between the periodic layers, the linewidth and corresponding Q can be tuned. This is confirmed experimentally via nanoimprinted dual‐grating membranes. The experimental spectra agree well with rigorously computed spectra as well with an analytical model due to Avrutsky. At grating‐depth and thickness values satisfying this model, three different types of BICs are supported by a single metamembrane. Two BICs appear at normal incidence at the Γ point with one being a quasi‐BIC on one band edge while a true symmetry‐protected BIC resides on the other edge. Moreover, a quasi‐BIC state away from the Γ point in the same device is demonstrated. Whereas these results are based on a simple model with 1D periodicity, the primary properties will carry over to general 2D/3D photonic lattices.
C−H Reactivity of the α‐Position in Nitrones and Nitronates
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexey Yu.
Published: August 2019

The review summarizes the chemistry of nitrones and nitronates in the context of the C−H reactivity of their α‐carbon atoms. Electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical reactions leading to functionalization of the α‐position are described. Examples of the application of these processes in total synthesis are outlined.

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Antimicrobial Microneedle Patch for Treating Deep Cutaneous Fungal Infection
Authors: Zan Ping , Than Aung , Duong Phan Khanh , Song Juha , Xu Chuanhui , Chen Peng
Published: August 2019

Subcutaneous fungal infection is often difficult to be treated by the conventional topical application or oral intake of antifungal agents because of low drug bioavailability to the infection site, lack of sustained therapeutic effect, and development of drug resistance. Here, a new strategy using polymeric microneedle (MN) patches to overcome the skin barrier is reported. MN is made of a biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan–polyethylenimine copolymer, which possesses antimicrobial property immune to drug resistance and allows sustained drug release. Using a fungal infection mouse model, it is demonstrated that MN patches encapsulated with antifungal agent amphotericin B offer outstanding treatment effectiveness. It is attributable to the high bioavailability of therapeutics and synergistic actions of the antifungal polymer and drug.
Nanoscale Thermal Transport in 2D Nanostructures from Cryogenic to Room Temperature
Authors: Evangeli Charalambos , Spiece Jean , Sangtarash Sara , Molina‐Mendoza Aday J. , Mucientes Marta , Mueller Thomas , Lambert Colin , Sadeghi Hatef , Kolosov Oleg
Published: August 2019

Nanoscale scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) transport measurements from cryogenic to room temperature on 2D structures with sub 30 nm resolution are reported. This novel cryogenic operation of SThM, extending the temperature range of the sample down to 150 K, yields a clear insight into the nanothermal properties of the 2D nanostructures and supports the model of ballistic transport contribution at the edge of the detached areas of exfoliated graphene which leads to a size‐dependent thermal resistance of the detached material. The thermal resistance of graphene on SiO2 is increased by one order of magnitude by the addition of a top layer of MoS2, over the temperature range of 150–300 K, providing pathways for increasing the efficiency of thermoelectric applications using van der Waals (vdW) materials. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that this increase originates from the phonon transport filtering in the weak vdW coupling between the layers and the vibrational mismatch between MoS2 and graphene layers.
All‐Transparent Oxide Photovoltaics: AZO Embedded ZnO/NiO/AgNW Band Selective High‐Speed Electric Power Window
Authors: Ban Dong‐Kyun , Patel Malkeshkumar , Nguyen Thanh Tai , Kim Joondong
Published: August 2019

Electric power windows using an all‐transparent oxide photoelectric device have the potential to shield and exploit ultraviolet radiation. Herein, an Al:ZnO embedded large area all‐transparent ZnO/NiO electric power window is presented. A large‐scale (1‐in. square) device fabricated with the structure of FTO/AZO/ZnO/NiO/AgNW exhibits a visible light transmittance >70% and photovoltaic performance with an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 3.13% under UV illumination (λ = 365 nm). The spectral attributes of this heterostructure are analyzed using I–V plots, photoresponse, and photo‐carrier lifetime (τ), which reveal the co‐occurrence of photovoltaic and pyro‐phototronic effects, and τ value tuning from 9 to 38.5 ms by tuning λs. The device exhibits higher efficiency at a λ of 410 nm due to exciton attributed optoelectronics at room temperature. Further, the device demonstrates a 380% enhanced photocurrent value, with speed of <40 µs. The functional use of AZO‐based back surface field would improve transparent photovoltaics which can be applied to the on‐site power generation of building windows, and protect human beings from harmful UV exposure. It is suggested that the formation of a back‐surface field is required to enhance the underlying performance of all‐transparent oxide photo‐electronics, including solar cells, photodetectors, sensors, and memory devices.