bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and modular implementation of the THETA cycle for synthetic CO2 fixation
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Diehl Christoph , He Hai , Bae YoungJun , Klose Melanie , Claus Peter , Cortina Niña Socorro , Fernandez Celia Alvarez , Schulz-Mirbach Helena , McLean Richard , Ramírez Rojas Adán Andrés , Schindler Daniel , Paczia Nicole , Erb Tobias J.
Published: December 2023

Synthetic biology offers the opportunity to build solutions for improved capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) that outcompete those evolved by nature. Here we demonstrate the design and construction of a new-to-nature CO2-fixation pathway, the reductive tricarboxylic acid branch/4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/acetyl-CoA (THETA) cycle. The THETA cycle encompasses 17 enzymes from 9 organisms and revolves around two of the most efficient CO2-fixing enzymes described in nature, crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Here using rational and machine learning-guided optimization approaches, we improved the yield of the cycle by two orders of magnitude and demonstrated the formation of different biochemical building blocks directly from CO2. Furthermore, we separated the THETA cycle into three modules that we successfully implemented in vivo by exploiting the natural plasticity of Escherichia coli metabolism. Growth-based selection and/or 13C-labelling confirmed the activity of three different modules, demonstrating the first step towards realizing highly orthogonal and complex CO2-fixation pathways in the background of living cells.
Forecasting influenza hospital admissions within English sub-regions using hierarchical generalised additive models
Authors: Mellor Jonathon , Christie Rachel , Overton Christopher E. , Paton Robert S. , Leslie Rhianna , Tang Maria , Deeny Sarah , Ward Thomas
Published: December 2023

Background

Seasonal influenza places a substantial burden annually on healthcare services. Policies during the COVID-19 pandemic limited the transmission of seasonal influenza, making the timing and magnitude of a potential resurgence difficult to ascertain and its impact important to forecast.

Methods

We have developed a hierarchical generalised additive model (GAM) for the short-term forecasting of hospital admissions with a positive test for the influenza virus sub-regionally across England. The model incorporates a multi-level structure of spatio-temporal splines, weekly cycles in admissions, and spatial correlation. Using multiple performance metrics including interval score, coverage, bias, and median absolute error, the predictive performance is evaluated for the 2022-2023 seasonal wave. Performance is measured against autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Prophet time series models.

Results

Across the epidemic phases the hierarchical GAM shows improved performance, at all geographic scales relative to the ARIMA and Prophet models. Temporally, the hierarchical GAM has overall an improved performance at 7 and 14 day time horizons. The performance of the GAM is most sensitive to the flexibility of the smoothing function that measures the national epidemic trend.

Conclusions

This study introduces an approach to short-term forecasting of hospital admissions for the influenza virus using hierarchical, spatial, and temporal components. The methodology was designed for the real time forecasting of epidemics. This modelling framework was used across the 2022-2023 winter for healthcare operational planning by the UK Health Security Agency and the National Health Service in England.
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Based Approaches for the Analysis of Seized Drugs
Authors: Adewale Enoch , Day Mike , Chan Karen
Published: December 2023

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is a powerful analytical tool with an extensive range of applications in the analysis of seized substances. In this chapter, several such applications will be outlined and discussed, including the use of GC–MS to carry out drug identification within a forensic environment and its impact on the criminal justice system. Furthermore, a discussion on the challenges arising from the utilisation of this technique, and how forensic laboratories tackle these challenges, will be presented. Other operational difficulties encountered by forensic laboratories will also be critically appraised along with their impact on the criminal justice system.
Photobiological systems studied by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (2021–2022)
Authors: Mezzetti Alberto
Published: December 2023

In this review, the scientific results and the technical improvements in the last two years (2021 and 2022) in the field of time-resolved IR spectroscopy in the (sub-)ns-second timescale applied to photobiology are described. Results that appeared in early 2023 are also included. Particular attention will be paid to studies in the field of photosynthesis. After general conclusions, the perspectives in time-resolved IR applied to photobiological systems are described.
Photooxidation of thioethers: preparative and mechanistic investigations (2018–2022)
Authors: Quindt Matías I. , Bonesi Sergio M.
Published: December 2023

The photooxidation of thioethers under visible-light heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysis methodologies is reported dealing with preparative and mechanistic viewpoints of the photoreactions. The heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions involve the use of different metal–organic frameworks containing a wide variety of metals (Zr, Bi, Ru, VO2+, In, Ag, Sn, among others) providing outstanding photocatalytic performances. On the other hand, the homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation reactions of thioethers are based on visible-light photocatalytic and photoorganocatalytic methodologies. Photocatalytic methods employed metal photocatalysts derived from ruthenium, iridium and platinum complexes while photoorganocatalytic methods used traditional organic photosensitizers such as triphenylamine, anthraquinone, carbazole and xanthone derivatives. Triplet energy photosensitization and electron transfer pathways are involved in the photooxidation of thioethers.
Bioluminescence assay for rapid detection of live Staphylococcus aureus based on the enrichment of egg yolk antibody modified magnetic metal organic framework immunobeads
Authors: Zeng Mengli , Zhou Renjie , He Tingting , Hu Fanling , Liu Weiyue , Gan Ning , Yu Shaoning
Published: December 2023

The main significance and novelty can be summarized: (1) mMOF-IgY efficiently enrich S.A and amplify bioluminescence signal. (2) Lysed S.A emit ATP and produce bioluminescence. (3) The assay can detect S.A in foods with LOD of 3 CFU mL−1 in 30 min.
A selenium-based NIR-II photosensitizer for a highly effective and safe phototherapy plan
Authors: Zhang Xiangqian , Li Chonglu , Guan Xiaofang , Chen Yu , Zhou Qingqing , Feng Huili , Deng Yun , Fu Cheng , Deng Ganzhen , Li Junrong , Liu Shuang
Published: December 2023

High efficiency, stability, long emission wavelength (NIR-II), and good biocompatibility are crucial for photosensitizers in phototherapy.
Scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed cisplatin-induced morphological changes related to apoptosis in single adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Muhammed Yusuf , Lazenby Robert A.
Published: December 2023

SICM is employed as a non-invasive method for mapping the 3D topography of single A549 cells treated with an anticancer drug, to provide information about changes in cell width, height and volume, and monitor membrane blebbing during apoptosis.
Viscosity-sensitive and AIE-active bimodal fluorescent probe for the selective detection of OCl− and Cu2+: a dual sensing approach via DFT and biological studies using green gram seeds
Authors: Kumar Malavika S. , S. Vishnu , Dolai Malay , Nag Anish , Bylappa Yatheesharadhya , Das Avijit Kumar
Published: December 2023

A novel dual-mode viscosity-sensitive and AIE-active fluorescent chemosensor based on the naphthalene coupled pyrene (NCP) moiety was designed and synthesized for the selective detection of OCl− and Cu2+.
Equibiaxial strain regulates the electronic structure and mechanical, piezoelectric, and thermal transport properties of the 2H-phase monolayers CrX2 (X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Chen Shao-Bo , Guo San-Dong , Yan Wan-Jun , Chen Xiang-Rong , Geng Hua-Yun
Published: December 2023

Biaxial tensile strain can effectively increase the in-plane piezoelectric coefficient and decrease the lattice thermal conductivity, which is conducive to its application in piezoelectric and thermoelectric fields.
Mixed quantum/classical calculations of rotationally inelastic scattering in the CO + CO system: a comparison with fully quantum results
Authors: Bostan Dulat , Mandal Bikramaditya , Joy Carolin , Żółtowski Michał , Lique François , Loreau Jérôme , Quintas-Sánchez Ernesto , Batista-Planas Adrian , Dawes Richard , Babikov Dmitri
Published: December 2023

Coordinates used to describe the CO dimer interaction.
The plasmonic effect of Cu on tuning CO2 reduction activity and selectivity
Authors: Xue Jing , Chen Zhenlin , Dang Kun , Wu Lei , Ji Hongwei , Chen Chuncheng , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai
Published: December 2023

The plasmonic effect of Cu reduces the apparent activation energy of CO2 to CO without affecting the hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby promoting the production rate and selectivity of CO during the CO2RR.
Engineering extracellular electron transfer pathways of electroactive microorganisms by synthetic biology for energy and chemicals production
Authors: Zhang Junqi , Li Feng , Liu Dingyuan , Liu Qijing , Song Hao
Published: December 2023

Our review highlights strategies for engineering electron transfer between EAMs and electrodes and discusses the challenges and prospects of these strategies in facilitating electrical energy generation and chemicals synthesis.
Compositional engineering of perovskite oxide BaCo0.5Fe0.5O3−δ as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Xu Anqi , Zhou Jian , Liu Tong , Wang Jing , Wang Yao , Zhang Dong , Huang Dexuan , Liu Yilin , Hu Xuelei
Published: December 2023

Regulating the cooling rate is an effective strategy to develop a promising perovskite type bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for efficient ZAB. The great enhancement in the ORR/OER and ZAB activity is due to the increased oxygen vacancy content.
Europium-doped layered double hydroxide with spectral conversion property for enhanced photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Zixian , Zhao Yufei , Sun Changjiao , Shen Yue , Zhan Shenshan , Li Xingye , Liu Qi , Gao Weichang , Li Tao , Wang Yan
Published: December 2023

The europium doped layered double hydroxides (Eu-LDH) architecture has been designed via a co-precipitation method. It has been demonstrated photo-responsive property to enhance photosynthetic efficiency on Nicotiana benthamiana in greenhouse.
A convective heated digestion system with closed vessels: a new digestor for elemental inorganic analysis
Authors: Vieira Alan Lima , Arantes de Carvalho Gabriel Gustinelli , Gomes Neto José Anchieta , Oliveira Pedro Vitoriano , Kamogawa Marcos Yassuo , Virgilio Alex
Published: December 2023

A CHDS with closed vessels is now available as a simple, fast and safe alternative for sample preparation for trace element determination. The analytical performance in terms of residual carbon, accuracy, precision and LODs was demonstrated.
Crosslinking CO2-switchable polymers for paints and coatings applications
Authors: Abbasi Raz , Mitchell Amy , Jessop Philip G. , Cunningham Michael F.
Published: December 2023

The solvent resistance of VOC-free coatings made by CO2-switchable polymers was improved by introducing a 1K crosslinking system. This crosslinking chemistry relies on CO2-switching that is triggered by CO2 removal during drying.
SiO2 supported Ce–Co mixed oxide catalyzed selective allylic oxidation of cyclohexene
Authors: Sitaramulu Palli , Nazeer Silligandla , Yogendra Kamma , Prasad Aratikumari Suresh , Chandrashekar Pendem , Rao Tumula Venkateshwar
Published: December 2023

CeO2–Co3O4/SiO2 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity compared to pure oxides for cyclohexene oxidation with 94% conversion and 90% of selectivity towards allylic products.
Light-regulated morphology control in supramolecular polymers
Authors: Mukherjee Anurag , Ghosh Goutam
Published: December 2023

The morphology of supramolecular assemblies equipped with photoresponsive units can be altered by light. In this review, we have covered current examples of nanostructures and morphology of supramolecular polymers that are tuned via photoirradiation.
Large area arrays of discrete single-molecule junctions derived from host–guest complexes
Authors: Escorihuela Enrique , del Barrio Jesús , Davidson Ross J. , Beeby Andrew , Low Paul J. , Prez-Murano Francesc , Cea Pilar , Martin Santiago
Published: December 2023

By insulating molecular components within host-guest architectures, intermolecular ‘cross-talk’ effects within ‘large area’ junctions can be averted.
Photoinduced decarbonylative borylation of alkyl aldehydes through 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Lian Chang , Zhang Jianning , Mo Fanyang
Published: December 2023

We propose a novel approach for the facile decarbonylative borylation of aliphatic aldehydes.
Palladium-catalyzed radical arylation of N-hydroxyphthalimides with triphenyl phosphites as an unusual arylating agent via C(sp2)–O bond cleavage
Authors: Noor Hafiz , Gao Pan , Guo Jiandong , Zhang Shuwei , Jia Xiaodong , Yuan Yu
Published: December 2023

An approach has been developed for producing aryl radical intermediates by utilizing readily accessible triphenyl phosphite as the radical precursor in a Pd-catalyst system under air conditions. Moreover, the possible mechanism was proposed.
Synergistic effects between a non-ionic and an anionic surfactant on the micellization process and the adsorption at liquid/air surfaces
Authors: Kotsi Kristo , Dong Teng , Kobayashi Takeshi , Mc Robbie Ian , Striolo Alberto , Angeli Panagiota
Published: December 2023

Understanding the behaviour of aqueous solutions with surfactants of significantly different CMCs.
Enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in alkaline saline electrolyte by NiCo foam supported iridium nanoclusters
Authors: Yuan Jiaxin , Zhou Jinsong , Peng Zehua , Li Gang , Hou Yang , Leung Michael K. H.
Published: December 2023

Ir-nc@m-NiCo consisting of Ir nanoclusters coordinated with macroporous NiCo foam for hydrogen-evolution electrocatalysis in alkaline simulated seawater.
The Nb–Ti–W–O system as safe high-power anodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Sieffert J. Michael , Lang Christopher J. , Bazylevych Stephanie , Jia Shipeng , McCalla Eric
Published: December 2023

New materials are currently needed to serve as anodes in Li-ion batteries for applications that require extreme safety, long lifetimes, high power and improved energy density.
pH-triggered adjustable bursting of liquid marbles in water pools
Authors: Kumar Saurav , Barman Nishanta , Borbora Angana , Mondal Priyam , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Manna Uttam
Published: December 2023

Readily functionalizable MOFs are introduced to precisely control the wettability transition from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity via (i) triggering the structural instability of MOFs under an alkaline condition and (ii) protonating the available amine moiety under an acidic condition.
Systematic evaluation of the biotoxicity of Pb-based perovskite materials and perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhu Yue , Kang Yingying , Huang He , Zhuang Dicai , Li Mohan , Ling Zihao , Peng Ke , Zhai Lanlan , Zou Chao
Published: December 2023

The toxicity effects of perovskite-related materials (PbI2, FAI, FAPbI3) and the asprepared PSCs on plants, cells, and animals, using Arabidopsis, mouse chondrocytes, radish, and zebrafish as research objects have been systematically investigated.
Fast solution-phase growth of centimeter-sized Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, I) single crystals for high-performance scintillators
Authors: Bin Xiangshi , Liu Jiaxing , Zeng Ruosheng , Liu Hongbang , Zhao Jialong , Lin Tao
Published: December 2023

Fast and convenient synthesis of zero-dimensional (0D) cesium-copper(i) halide (Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, I)) single crystals (SCs) is critical to achieve practical radiography.
Subtle structural modification of thiophene-fused benzotriazole unit to simultaneously improve the JSC and VOC of OSCs
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Zhong Cheng , Cai Guilong , Li Yawen , Wang Jiayu , Lu Heng , Jia Boyu , Lu Xinhui , Lin Yuze , Zhan Xiaowei , Chen Xingguo
Published: December 2023

A new electron-accepting unit has been designed through introducing two F atoms at α,β-positions of the thiophene fused benzotriazole unit to build a new D–A polymer donor with 4,8-bis(5-alkyl-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene unit.
Life cycle assessment, quo vadis? Supporting or deterring greenwashing? A survey of practitioners
Authors: Brandão Miguel , Busch Pablo , Kendall Alissa
Published: December 2023

LCA has been recognised as an important environmental systems analysis tool. However, the variability in its practice enables greenwashing, and counterproductive decisions that fall short of guiding sustainable production and consumption systems.
A Single‐Stage Isolated Battery Charger Using Nonbridged Positive Cuk Converter Configuration
Authors: Shukla Tanmay , Patidar N. P. , Adhikari Apsara
Published: December 2023

This article presents a nonbridged isolated positive Cuk (NB‐IPCuk) converter‐based single‐stage battery charging system (SSBCS). The architecture of the suggested charger ensures the intrinsic advantage of power quality improvement in discontinuous current conduction (DCC) mode at the supply mains. The suggested NB‐IPCuk converter scheme has fewer components than other bridgeless/nonbridged Cuk converter schemes. This is because the NB‐IPCuk converter is a partial integration of two Cuk converters. The usage of the Cuk converter garnishes the system with input and output inductances, which lessens supply current harmonic distortion and, thus supply terminal low pass filter requirement is eradicated. The advantages of the NB‐IPCuk converter are the eradication of one inductor and multiple diodes (two back‐feeding diodes), which are generally used in NB converter configurations. In place of two separate inductors, the NB‐IPCuk converter uses a single secondary side output inductor. The usage of BL configuration of NB‐IPCuk converter eradicates the bridge rectifier (BR) stage, and thus, the BR‐associated losses also got eradicated. The NB‐IPCuk converter also garnishes the system with electrical isolation which adds to the safety standards of the system. DCC mode operation of the NB‐IPCuk converter is used in the present work. DCC mode requires lesser sensors in comparison to continuous current conduction mode. The abovementioned benefits of the NB‐IPCuk converter make the SSBCS system cheaper, compact, and more efficient. The detailed stability analysis (Bode diagram and pole‐zero map) and mathematics for the NB‐IPCuk converter are also included in the paper. The prototype and MATLAB/Simulink model of NB‐IPCuk converter‐based SSBCS system with DCC mode control has been built, and results of both prototype and MATLAB/Simulink are deployed to verify SSBCS system’s performance during dynamic and steady‐state conditions.
iScene: An interpretable framework with hierarchical edge services for scene risk identification in 6G internet of vehicles
Authors: Zhong Wuchang , Wang Siming , Yu Rong
Published: December 2023

Scene risk identification is essential for the traffic safety of Internet of Vehicles. However, the performance of existing risk identification approaches is heavily limited by the imbalanced historical data and the poor model interpretability. Meanwhile, the large processing delay and the potential privacy leakage threat also restrict their application. In this paper, a novel risk identification model is proposed that leverages the synthetic minority over‐sampling technique nearest neighbor (SMOTEENN) method to balance between high‐risk and low‐risk data. The risk identification model has fine interpretability by using recursive feature elimination cross validation (RFECV) with the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to analyze the importance of different features, and further elaborately design the Focal Loss function to tackle the disparity between the difficult and easy sample learning. The proposed interpretability scene risk identification framework, named iScene, is built on the infrastructure of 6G space‐air‐ground integrated networks (SAGINs) with blockchain assistance. The model updata efficiency and privacy preservation are effectively enhanced. An elastic computing offloading algorithm is applied to minimize the system overhead under the hierarchical edge service architecture. The experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed risk identification framework. The results indicate that the G‐Mean value is increased by 23.4%, while the task average response delay is reduced by 21.2%, compared to that in the traditional risk identification approaches with local computing services.
STLAR: A localization and authenticity recognition method for specific targets based on land‐based hyperspectral images
Authors: Zhao Jiale , Zhou Bing , Wang Guanglong , Ying Jiaju , Liu Jie , Chen Qi
Published: December 2023

In traditional two‐dimensional space object detection, it is believed that ‘objects with similar shapes belong to the same type’, making it difficult to distinguish true and false targets. In order to improve the efficiency of real object localization and detection, a specific target localization and authenticity recognition method (STLAR) based on joint spatial and spectral information is proposed. Firstly, the ground imaging spectrometer is utilized to obtain hyperspectral image data of the area to be measured. Then use a spatial object detection model to frame specific targets. Finally, compare the similarity between specific targets detected in space and prior spectral information. The experimental results successfully completed the task of target localization and recognition of authenticity. The proposed method can simultaneously solve the problems of spectral dimension detection or spatial dimension detection, providing new ideas for future rapid localization and recognition of specific targets.
Utilizing grid‐supportive load response to shape resilient frequency control of the power grid
Authors: Albeladi Faisal , Barati Masoud
Published: December 2023

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and the retirement of conventional generation units have decreased system inertia, making power systems more vulnerable to resilience and stability issues. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel approach using grid‐supportive loads (GSLs) to provide a fast and concise primary frequency response and a deep deterministic policy gradient agent‐based secondary controller to restore the system frequency to the nominal value. The proposed method is evaluated on the single‐area and multi‐area test systems. The simulation results demonstrate that using GSLs enhances the power system's stability and resilience. Compared to conventional controllers, the frequency nadir is improved with GSLs. Additionally, the proposed method effectively enhances resilience even with high penetration. These findings indicate that the proposed approach can improve the resilience and stability of power systems and provide a promising solution for future power systems. The results of this study underscore the importance of utilizing innovative approaches to enhance the stability and resilience of power systems in the context of high penetration of renewable energy sources and the retirement of conventional generation.
A DTI registration algorithm based on spectral representation
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhou Zimo , Cai Hao
Published: December 2023

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a new technique to characterize the brain structure. It is a special modality for Magnetic Resonance (MRI) which provides the information of fiber orientation. By quantitatively comparing the difference of the fiber information of different image pairs, one can effectively track the status of the nerve diseases. For this purpose, it is necessary to deform the DTI image of the patient (floating image) to the same shape of the template image (target image). This is so called DTI registration, which is usually formulated by a 3D variational problem. However, the numerical implementation for 3D variational problem costs too much CPU consumption. To reduce CPU consumption, it is meaningful to give some research on the structure of the solution for DTI registration. In this paper, the structure of the solution for DTI registration is mainly focused on. For this purpose, an explicit representation of the solution for a DTI registration model is presented. Based on this representation, a new DTI registration algorithm is induced. Several numerical experiments are also performed to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in DTI registration.
Q‐EANet: Implicit social modeling for trajectory prediction via experience‐anchored queries
Authors: Chen Jiuyu , Wang Zhongli , Wang Jian , Cai Baigen
Published: December 2023

Accurately predicting the future trajectory and behavior of traffic participants is crucial for the maneuvers of self‐driving vehicles. Many existing works employed a learning‐based “encoder‐interactor‐decoder” structure, but they often fail to clearly articulate the relationship between module selections and real‐world interactions. As a result, these approaches tend to rely on a simplistic stacking of attention modules. To address this issue, a trajectory prediction network (Q‐EANet) is presented in this study, which integrates GRU encoders, MLPs and attention modules. By introducing a new explanatory rule, it makes a contribution to interpretable modeling, models the entire trajectory prediction process via an implicit social modeling formula. Inspired by the anchoring effect in decision psychology, the prediction task is formulated as an information query process that occurs before traffic participants make decisions. Specifically, Q‐EANet uses GRUs to encode features and utilizes attention modules to aggregates interaction information for generating the target trajectory anchors. Then, queries are introduced for further interaction. These queries, along with the trajectory anchors with added Gaussian noise, are then processed by a GRU‐based decoder. The final prediction results are obtained through a Laplace MDN. Experimental results on the several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of Q‐EANet in trajectory prediction tasks. Compared to the existing works, the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with only simple module design. The code for this work is publicly available at https://github.com/Jctrp/socialea.
Harmonic elimination of a fifteen‐level inverter with reduced number of switches using genetic algorithm
Authors: Joshi Yogesh , Letha Shimi Sudha , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Jaat Gopal Lal , Tilak Suyash
Published: December 2023

Multilevel inverters play a crucial role in high‐power renewable energy applications and medium voltage drives. However, existing solutions such as capacitor‐clamped and diode‐clamped multilevel inverters are not suitable for these applications due to their dependence on isolated DC sources, complex control techniques, and potential reliability issues. Here, a novel fifteen‐level inverter topology is proposed which addresses these limitations. The proposed multilevel inverters utilize a topology with reduced number of switches, which can effectively accommodate isolated DC sources. It consists of eight switches for level generation and four switches for polarity generation (H‐bridge). One of the key advantages of this topology is that it significantly reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in accordance with the IEEE 519 standards. Genetic algorithm‐based selective harmonic elimination technique was employed for THD minimization. A detailed switching loss calculation and harmonic analysis were performed to support the effectiveness of the proposed topology and the control used. The implementation of the proposed topology is simple and straightforward. Furthermore, to validate the results, insulated gate bipolar transistor based hardware model was developed. The optimized firing pulses were generated using the dSPACE 1104 controller. The results were compared with the existing recent literature and was found to address the limitations of existing topology.
A non‐isolated single‐switch ultra‐high step‐up DC–DC converter with coupled inductor and low‐voltage stress on switch
Authors: Nadermohammadi Ali , Maalandish Mohammad , Seifi Ali , Abolhassani Pouya , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Farsadi Murtaza
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a non‐isolated single‐switch ultra‐high step‐up (UHSU) DC–DC converter with a three‐winding coupled inductor (CI) which is utilized to achieve ultra‐high voltage gain with a small amount of duty cycle leading to low conduction losses of the power switch and higher efficiency. The voltage gain of the suggested UHSU converter is adjusted by two methods: the duty cycle of the power switch and the three‐winding CI turn ratio, therefore enhancing the design flexibility of the suggested converter. Due to the utilization of the passive clamp circuit in the structure of the proposed converter, it is possible to select a power switch with low voltage rated and small ON‐state resistance, further enhancing the converter efficiency. The operation modes are discussed in detail and to clarify the salient features of the proposed converter, a comparison with other configurations is provided. Finally, to accredit the performance of the proposed converter, a 150‐W laboratory archetype with an input and output voltage of 20 and 300 V, respectively, at 50 kHz switching frequency is fabricated.
Quantum BER estimation modelling and analysis for satellite‐based quantum key distribution scenarios
Authors: Khanna Abhishek , Majumder Sambuddha , Jain Adarsh , Singh Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

The quantum communication channel is considered to be eavesdropped when the signal Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) exceeds a defined theoretical limit and is thus considered a figure of merit parameter for assessing the security of a quantum channel. This work presents a general mathematical model considering device imperfections and various sources of errors for estimating signal QBER in polarisation encoded satellite‐based QKD systems. QBER performance for satellite‐to‐ground downlink scenarios has been investigated for multiple sky brightness conditions (day time and night time operations), two operating wavebands: 800 and 1550 nm as well as for different quantum transmitter and quantum receiver architectures. Further, a novel QBER estimation analysis for inter‐satellite QKD links has also been presented. The estimation results obtained from the developed model have been validated against and found in good agreement with the measured results of the only reported satellite‐to‐ground QKD experiments till date. The presented QBER modelling and analysis will aid in system engineering and efficient design of future satellite‐based QKD systems.
Development of a networked photonic‐enabled staring radar testbed for urban surveillance
Authors: Jahangir Mohammed , Griffiths Darren , White Daniel , Donlan Gwynfor , Ren Xiaofei , Kannanthara Jithin , Singh Yeshpal , Wayman Joseph P. , Baker Chris J. , Sadler Jon P. , Reynolds S. James , Antoniou Michail
Published: December 2023

Urban surveillance of slow‐moving small targets such as drones and birds in low to medium airspace using radar presents significant challenges. Detecting, locating and identifying such low observable targets in strong clutter requires both innovation in radar hardware design and optimisation of processing algorithms. To this end, the University of Birmingham (UoB) has set‐up a testbed of two L‐band staring radars to support performance benchmarking using datasets of target and clutter from realistic urban environment. This testbed is also providing the vehicle to understand how novel radar architectures can enhance radar capabilities. Some of the challenges in installing the radar at the UoB campus are highligted. Detailed benchmarking results are provided from urban monostatic and bistatic field trials that form the basis for performance comparison against future hardware modification. The solution to the challenge of interfacing the radar to the external oscillators is described and stand‐alone bench tests with the candidate oscillators are reported. The testbed provides a valuable capability to undertake detailed analysis of performance of Quantum photonic‐enabled radar and allows for its comparison with conventional oscillator technology for surveillance of low observable targets in the presence of urban clutter.
Reproduction patterns of the bloody cockle Senilia senilis (Linnaeus 1758) in the Sine-Saloum inverse estuary
Authors: Sané Babacar , Diouf Malick , Jean Frédéric , Flye-Sainte-Marie Jonathan , Kerhervé Malika , Fabioux Caroline , Thomas Yoann
Published: December 2023

Understanding the reproductive biology of a species is an important means of determining the renewal capacity of natural stocks, especially in the case of heavily exploited species. It is a fundamental element in supporting the implementation of management measures. Here, we studied the bloody cockle (S. senilis) in the Sine-Saloum, with the aim of describing its seasonal and spatial reproductive cycle. S. senilis reproduction was studied over an annual cycle at two sites chosen for their contrasting situations along the upstream-downstream gradient. The reproductive cycle was studied by histological analysis of a pool of individuals maintained in-situ and sampled throughout the year. Our results showed that gamete maturation is asynchronous within and between individuals. Gametogenesis mostly occurred in October. The maturation stage showed a seasonal pattern with continuous reproduction throughout the year, with two preferred periods between May and July and December and February. The reproductive cycle is highly dependent on temperature and salinity variations, resulting in a seasonal cycle and spatial heterogeneity. The temperature induces gametogenesis and salinity synchronizes the spawning periods.
'Pot cultivation' as a form of soil and water conservation technique for adaptation to soil condition and climate change in karst area
Authors: Anshori Arif , Suswatiningsih Tri Endar , Mujiyo  , Handoko Sigid , Susilawati Helena Lina
Published: December 2023

Shallow soil is found in Gunungsewu karst area of Gunungkidul Indonesia, often referred as 'soilly rock'. Its the main problem are limited of growing medium and soil loss due to erosion. ‘Pot cultivation’ (PC) is term to describe technique of cultivating crop on small plot of soil between rock. Study aimed to determine 1) the practice of soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques of PC as a form of adaptation to soil condition, 2) the potency of PC for adaptation and mitigation of climate change in karst area. Research was conducted in Gunungsewu karst area, from January to August 2020. Study method was observation and interview. Results showed that practice of PC was carried out as form of adaptation to shallow soil in karst area. Soil is managed to fill the rocks, so sufficient as plant growth medium. Rock functions as a 'pot'. Rock 'pots' function like terraces in SWC. PC is effective way in increase of growing medium, preventing soil from erosion, preserving soil organic carbon, and as an action of adaptation and mitigation co-benefit. The results of this study are expected to be useful for development of karst area which have shallow soil.
The performance of room air conditioner with Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF) in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Setyawan Andriyanto , Simbolon Luga Martin , Najmudin Hafid , Julyanti Annisa Ayu , Kurniasetiawati Annisa S. , Susilawati
Published: December 2023

Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF) is one of methods for measuring the performance of a room air conditioner to assess its energy efficiency and, therefore, its effect on climate change and environmental impact. A set of bin temperatures from a certain region was used in this method to compare the performance of an air conditioner. Due to the variety of hourly local ambient temperature distribution, the performance of an air conditioner could be different in various cities in Indonesia. In this paper, a room air conditioner was tested on the basis of ISO 5151 and analyzed by using ISO 16358-1. The CSPF calculation is then modified based on the ambient local temperature distribution for Jakarta and Bandung. The CSPF for Jakarta City is 1.45% lower and the CSPF for Bandung is 1.49% higher than that of ISO 16358-1-based calculation. It means that for more realistic performance of an air conditioner, the modification of measurement standard could be applied based of local temperature distribution.
Application of physically-based and experimentally calibrated method for flood hazard assessment: Case study of Zaio, Morocco
Authors: El Baida Maelaynayn , Boushaba Farid , Chourak Mimoun , Sabar Hichame
Published: December 2023

This study aims to assess the urban flood hazard in Zaio, Morocco by utilizing a rainfall-runoff transformation and hydrodynamic modelling. We utilized a statistical adjustment and The Soil Conservation Service–Curve Number (SCS-CN) method to estimate the 100-year return period flood hydrograph, which itself served as input for the Iber numerical model. Flood hazard assessment for human adults was calculated using a physically-based and experimentally calibrated method, a method that takes into consideration all physical forces acting on a human body during a flood, i.e., drag and buoyancy, and thereby facilitate a more precise assessment of urban flood hazard.
Study and Design of Bandstop Filtres Based on a Multiple Co-Directional Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR)
Authors: Elbathaoui Mouhssine , Jebbor Nawfal , Boufounas El-Mahjoub
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study is to enhance the performance of metamaterial filters. Indeed, the distinctive electromagnetic characteristics of metamaterials, along with their capacity to guide and manipulate electromagnetic waves in ways unattainable by natural materials, have rendered metamaterials progressively appealing in recent years. One type of metamaterial that has been studied extensively is the Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and its complementary counterpart (CSRR), Both of these structures possess dimensions significantly smaller than the wavelength. They demonstrate bandstop characteristics and exhibit negative permeability or negative permittivity in a narrow frequency range centered around their resonant frequencies. These frequency bands can be precisely and easily controlled in terms of frequency selectivity and rejection level by adjusting various parameters. As a result, these resonators are designed and optimized for use in the design of new filters. The obtained results confirm that the proposed metamaterial resonators significantly enhance the performance of the targeted applications.
Lightweight panels based on Helmholtz resonators for low-frequency acoustic insulation
Authors: Lemkalli Brahim , Idrissi Majid , Mir Abdellah , Achaoui Younes
Published: December 2023

In this study, we propose a novel lightweight acoustic metamaterial panel composed of coupled Helmholtz resonators, designed to insulate low-frequency broadband noises effectively. Through finite element analysis, we observe the emergence of band gaps with varying widths, depending on the unit cell dimensions, the band gaps start at 100 Hz, and as the scale decreases, the band gaps shift to higher frequencies within specific ranges. These band gaps arise from the coupling of two Helmholtz resonators with different volumes but a common neck. For our work, we use ABS materials, which facilitate easy panel manufacturing. Moreover, we also explored the potential of other materials to enhance the low-frequency broadband sound insulation performance of the system. The results obtained from this research provide promising insights into developing lightweight panels for efficient low-frequency broadband sound insulation.
Comparative study of field-oriented control of an induction machine with inter-turn short-circuit in healthy and faulty cases
Authors: Abdelouhab Mostafa , Senhaji Abdelhamid , Attar Abdelilah , Aboutni Rachid , Bouchnaif Jamal
Published: December 2023

The vector control of an induction machine is among the most used controls, the inter-turn short-circuit fault is a very common fault in this type of machine. Vector controllers use current regulators that are highly insensitive to internal disturbances and can therefore mask the onset of a short-circuit fault. In this article we propose simulations allowing to study the behavior of the indirect field-oriented control when an inter-turn short-circuit fault appears. The primary aim of this article is a comparative study of the effect of this type of defect on estimated quantities such as rotor flux, slip and electromagnetic torque. The results of the simulation show that these estimated quantities can be used as fault indicators instead of the stator currents. The results of this comparative study also show that the ripple of the estimated rotor flux is a very good indicator of this type of fault in this type of regulator-machine association.
Levelized cost of green hydrogen (LCOH) in the Sultanate of Oman using H2A-Lite with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers powered by solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity
Authors: Marzouk Osama A.
Published: December 2023

The techno-economic analysis/assessment (TEA) tool H2A-Lite (Hydrogen Analysis Lite Production) of the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is applied for computing the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) in the Sultanate of Oman, in the case of utilizing polymer electrolyte membranes (or proton exchange membranes, PEM) in combination with photovoltaic (PV) solar systems. Fourteen parameters (assumptions) were adopted, which include: purchased photovoltaic (PV) green electricity at a fixed rate (tariff) of 0.025 OMR/kWh (0.065 US$/kWh; 1 OMR ≈ 2.6 US$), 64 kWh/kgH2 (64 kWe/(kgH2/h)) specific electricity consumption by electrolyzers, OMR 384.6 (US$ 1,000) capital cost per kWe (kilowatt electric) of PEM electrolyzer input-electric capacity, 1 tonne (metric ton; 1,000 kg) of green hydrogen per day (nameplate production capacity), 90% utilization factor, 5 employees with equal individual annual salaries of OMR 26,923 (US$ 70,000), 20 years project lifetime, and straight-line depreciation. The results show that the LCOH is approximately 2.17 OMR/kgH2 (5.63 US$/kgH2). The corresponding electrolyzer nameplate electric-input capacity is 2.667 MWe (megawatt electric), with actual (not nameplate value) electrolyzer input electric power of 2.400 MWe, and actual (not nameplate value) annual electricity consumption of 21.024 GWh (gigawatt-hours). A sensitivity analysis, with 10% uncertainty, is reported for seven modeling parameters.
Anästhesie und Chirurgie der Trachea
Authors: Schieren Marc , Stoelben Erich
Published: December 2023

Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, einen Überblick über das aktuelle anästhesiologische Management von Trachearesektionen zu geben.

Neben dem „traditionellen“ anästhesiologischen Vorgehen, bei dem nach der Einleitung der Allgemeinanästhesie eine konventionelle endotracheale Intubation erfolgt und nach chirurgischer Eröffnung der Trachea eine Cross-Field-Intubation oder Jet-Ventilation durchgeführt wird, gibt es einen Trend zu weniger invasiven anästhesiologischen Verfahren. Regionalanästhesiologische Techniken, die auf den Erhalt der Spontanatmung abzielen, werden zunehmend beschrieben. Insbesondere für zervikale Trachealpathologien scheinen Larynxmasken vorteilhafte Alternativen zur endotrachealen Intubation zu sein.

Extrakorporale Verfahren können einen suffizienten Gasaustausch und/oder eine adäquate Perfusion während komplexer Resektionen und Rekonstruktionen gewährleisten, ohne dass die Atemwegshilfsmittel das operative Feld beeinträchtigen. Sie stellen zudem eine effektive Rückfallebene dar, falls andere Verfahren zur Oxygenierung versagen.

Das Spektrum der verfügbaren anästhesiologischen Techniken für operative Eingriffe an der Trachea ist immens. Um den sichersten Ansatz für den individuellen Patienten zu finden, ist eine interdisziplinäre Evaluation unerlässlich. Die Lokalisation und die Beschaffenheit der Atemwegspathologie, Begleiterkrankungen, der funktionelle Zustand des respiratorischen Systems sowie die geplante rekonstruktive Technik müssen berücksichtigt werden.

Bis mehr Daten verfügbar sind, ist ein evidenzbasierter Vergleich unterschiedlicher Verfahren nicht möglich.
Blunt and Penetrating Injury to the Bowel: A Review
Authors: Skelhorne-Gross Graham , Kenny James
Published: December 2023

Traumatic injuries to the small and large bowel are common and can be highly morbid. Identifying these injuries, especially in stable patients who suffer blunt trauma, can be challenging. It is critical that traumatic bowel injuries are diagnosed in a timely fashion as delays in diagnosis and treatment are associated with worse outcomes. The literature outlining the management of traumatic bowel injuries is mostly comprised of retrospective data and case reports/series. We have compiled the existing literature and relevant guidelines into a single resource for providers who care for traumatically injured patients.
Improved reproducibility of metal halide perovskite solar cells via automated gas quenching
Authors: Kaczaral Samantha C. , Morales Daniel A. , Schreiber Samuel W. , Martinez Daniel , Conley Ashley M. , Herath Randi , Eperon Giles E. , Choi Joshua J. , McGehee Michael D. , Moore David T.
Published: December 2023

Achieving reproducible perovskite solar cell fabrication is crucial for making it a scalable technology. We demonstrate an automated gas quenching system to improve perovskite solar cell reproducibility at the lab-scale. We use in situ photoluminescence to monitor the perovskite film formation as a function of the atmosphere in the glove box and find that antisolvent quenching is more sensitive to lingering precursor solvents than the gas quenching method. We observe a better reproducibility with gas quenching than with antisolvent quenching because it maintains a more consistent atmosphere in the glove box. The automated gas quenching process leads to high performing devices that are reproducible both batch to batch and researcher to researcher. The insights into gas quenching film formation as a function of solvent atmosphere and quench velocity will help inform future studies on large scale fabrication systems.