bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kendala Orang Tua dalam Mendampingi Anak Belajar di Rumah Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Wardani Anita , Ayriza Yulia
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kendala- kendala apa saja yang dialami oleh orang tua selama mendampingi anak belajar dirumah pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus melalui wawancara dengan analisis tematik pada 12 orang tua dengan anak yang sedang bersekolah di taman kanak-kanak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kendala- kendala orang tua dalam mendampingi anak belajar di rumah pada masa pandemi Covid- 19 adalah kurangnya pemahaman materi oleh orang tua, kesulitan orang tua dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar anak, tidak memiliki cukup waktu untuk mendampingi anak karena harus bekerja, orang tua tidak sabar dalam mendampingi anak saat belajar dirumah, kesulitan orang tua dalam mengoperasikan gadget, dan kendala terkait jangkauan layanan internet. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menggali kendala- kendala orang tua dalam mendampingi anak ketika belajar dirumah sehingga penelitian ini mampu berkontribusi terhadap penelitian selanjutnya dalam menggali solusi untuk masalah- masalah tersebut
Âyetlerin Esas Anlamının Tespitiyle İlgili Önemli Bir Konu: Kur’ân’ın Nüzul Dönemi Muhatapları
Authors: UZUN Nihat
Published: August 2020

Her hitabın ve seslenişin bir muhatabı olması gerektiği gibi Kur’an’ın da ilk muhatapları, indiği zaman ve zeminin insanlarıdır. Kur’ân’ın âyetlerini oluşturan ifadeler dilsel yani dilde gerçekleşen ifadelerdir. Âyetler bir dilin kullandığı dizge içerisinde bir sözü aktarmaktadır. Kur’an dilsel bir hitap olunca onun kendisine yöneldiği bir muhatabının olduğunu da kabul etmek gerekir. Çünkü bir hitap muhatabından ayrı düşü-nülemez. Böyle olursa hem hitap olmaz hem de ilahi kelam özelliği taşımaz. Zira ilahi kelam Allah’ın kullarına yönelik hitabı olarak tanımlanır. Kur’an’ın ilk hitap ettiği insanlar, nüzul döneminde yaşayanlar-dır. Tabii olarak Kur’an öncelikle onları dikkate alarak konuşmuştur. Hitabını bu ilk muhataplara yönelt-tiğinde onların âyetlerden anladığı manayı “esas anlam” diye isimlendirebiliriz. Çünkü bu anlam, hitap ile doğrudan muhatabı arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Dolayısıyla esas anlam çoğunlukla “Kur’an ne diyor?” sorusunun da cevabı olmaktadır. Kur’ân’ı anlamak demek öncelikle onun âyetlerinin “ne dediğini” an-lamak demektir. Bir sözün anlamının doğruluğu/yanlışlığı, o sözün ne zaman, kime, niçin ve nasıl söy-lendiğini bilmekle doğrudan ilgilidir. Dolayısıyla âyetlerin anlamını doğru tespit edebilmek için onların ilk ve doğrudan muhataplarını belirlemek gerekmektedir. Aksi halde âyetlerin yanlış anlaşılması veya anlaşı-lamaması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. Makale, Kur’ân’ın nüzul dönemindeki muhataplarının tespitini ve bunun âyetlerin doğru anlaşılmasıyla alakasını ele almaktadır.
İnsan, Toplumsal Sorunlar ve Kur’an
Authors: İNCE Abdullah
Published: August 2020

İnsan irade sahibi bir varlıktır. İnsani faillik alanı olan toplumsal yaşamı kurar ve yönlendirir. İnsanın iyilik yanında kötülüğe de meyilli olması toplumsal sorunlarla ilişkisini gösterir. Toplumsal sorunlar insan eylemi sonucu ortaya çıkar, anlamlı bir kitleyi etkiler, içinde çözüme yönelik iyimserlik barındırır ve dış dünyada gözlemlenebilir. Dinler insan eylemine yön verme gücü sayesinde toplumsal eylemleri biçimlen-direbilir. Ancak dini anlayıp yaşayan da toplumsal hayatı şekillendiren de insandır. Kur’an, toplumsal sorunların çözümüne yönelik esaslar barındırır. Ancak Kur’an toplumsal yaşamın devamı için insana sorumluluk yükler. Çünkü Kur’an-ı anlayan, yaşayan, toplumsal hayata katan insandır. Kur’ân sosyal problemlerin çözümünü Kur’ân’ın rehberliği ile insan eylemine bağlamaktadır. Kur’ân’da toplumsal so-run olarak nitelenebilecek hususların evrensel nitelikleri dikkat çekmektedir. Buna göre şiddet, faiz, ölçü ve tartıda haksızlık, haksız yere adam öldürme, zina vb. hususlar birer sosyal problemdir. Sosyal prob-lemlerin çözümünde insanlığın birikimi ihmal edilemez. Bununla birlikte ilahi bir yönlendirmeye ihtiyaç olduğu açıktır. Bu durumda toplumsal sorunların çözümü konusunda Kur’an’ın rehberliği bir kez daha gündeme gelmektedir. Ancak onu anlayacak ve yorumlayacak özne insandır.
Hz. Peygamber’den Modern Zamana Dilbilimsel Tefsir Faaliyetleri: Bir Dönemlendirme Modeli
Authors: ÖZATA Havva
Published: August 2020

Dilbilimsel tefsir Kur’an’ın doğru anlaşılmasında önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle bu tefsir faaliyeti çok erken bir dönemde ortaya çıkmış ve modern dönemde de etkinliğini sürdürmüştür. Uzun bir za-man dilimini kapsayan bu süreçte dilbilimsel tefsir faaliyetleri farklı değişim ve dönüşümlere sahne olmuş ve bunun neticesinde çok kıymetli eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Bu anlamda dilbilimsel tefsir faaliyetlerindeki değişim ve dönüşümlerin belirlenerek bir dönemlendirme modelinin sunulması, hem bu alanda telif edilmiş eserlerin genel yöntem ve içeriğinin belirlenmesinde hem de dilbilimsel tefsir faaliyetlerindeki bilimsel ilerlemenin tespit edilmesinde önem arz etmektedir. Dilbilimsel tefsir alanında birçok eser kale-me alınmış ve tarihi seyir içerisinde bu alanda kaleme alınan eserlerden birçoğu incelenmiş olmasına rağmen bu uzun zaman dilimini kapsayan bir dönemlendirme modeli sunulmamıştır. Bu araştırma, mevzubahis eksikliği ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla bir dönemlendirme modeli sunmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilk dönem dilbilimsel tefsir faaliyetlerinde öne çıkan birçok eser incelenerek muhteva ve yöntem bakımından benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. İlk dönem dilbilimsel tefsir faaliyetlerinden, sonraki dönem dilbilimsel tefsir faaliyetlerine geçişte de birçok tefsir çalışması üzerinde durulmuş ve mevcut farklılaşma izleri ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca bu farklılaşmaya neden olan faktörler de tek tek sıralanarak dilbilimsel tefsir tarihi genel olarak dört ana döneme ayrılmıştır: Klasik dönem, Farklılaşma dönemi, Modern dönem öncesi ve Modern dönem.
Giritli Ahmed Efendi ve Huzur Dersi Risâlesi’nin Tahlili Neşri
Authors: GÜR Süleyman
Published: August 2020

Huzur dersleri, hicri 1172 senesinden 1342 senesine kadar her yıl ramazan ayında padişahın huzurunda yapılan tefsir dersleridir. Dersler, dönemin önde gelen âlimleri arasından seçilen mukarrir ve muhatapla-rın katılımı ile yapılırdı. Mukarrir, önceden hazırlandığı dersi takrir eder, ardından muhatapların ve bazen padişahın yönelttiği sorularla konular müzakere edilirdi. Bu sayede üst düzey ilmi bir mübâhese cereyan ederdi. Derslerin resmiyet kazandığı 1172’de bu derslere muhatap seviyesinde katılıp, sonraki yıllarda mukarrirliğe yükselen Giritli Ahmed Efendi’nin de bu ilmî atmosferin oluşmasında önemli bir payı var-dır. Zira uzun yıllar saray hocası olarak görev yapan ve saray erkanı ile yakın ilişkileri olan Ahmed Efen-di’nin, huzur derslerine dair bilgilerin oldukça sınırlı olduğu bir dönemde derslere hem muhatap hem de mukarrir sıfatı ile katılmış olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca huzur derslerine dair günümüze ulaşan ilk risâle-nin müellifidir. Bu eseri mukarrir olarak bizzat kendisi kaleme almış ve Sultan III. Mustafa’ya takdim etmiştir. 13 varaklık bu Türkçe risâle, 1177 Ramazanında Tâhâ sûresinin ilgili ayetlerini tefsir ederken Sultan’ın yöneltmiş olduğu üç soruya cevap olmak üzere yazılmıştır. Zikredilen bu hususlar Giritli Ah-med Efendi’yi ve onun risâlesini oldukça önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu yüzden makalede onun hayatı, eserleri, katıldığı huzur dersleri ve risâlesi ele alınacak, ayrıca elimizdeki en eski tarihli Huzur Dersi Risâle-si’nin transkripsiyonlu metnine yer verilecektir.
Kur’ân Kıssalarında Ailevî İlke ve Değerler
Authors: KANİK İsa
Published: August 2020

Kur’ân; inanç, ibadet, ahlak, hukuk, aile ve ticaret gibi insanın dünya ve ahiretini ilgilendiren muhtelif durumlarıyla ilgili önemli ilkeler ihtiva eden ilahi bir kitaptır. Kur’ân’ın yaklaşık çeyrek asır süren nüzul dönemi tamamen bir eğitme ve yetiştirme zemininde geçmektedir. Bu sürecin bir kısmını da aile ile ilgili hususlar oluşturmaktadır. Kimi zaman müstakil sûre ve ayetlerinde, kimi zaman da önceki peygamberler ve onların kavimleri ile münasebetlerinin anlatıldığı kıssalarda bu konulara değinildiği görülmektedir. Nikâh, talak, eşler, çocuklar, nafaka ve ailevî sorumluluklar konuları Kur’ân’ın aile kurumunun inşa ve bekasına yönelik kullandığı bazı temel kavramlardandır. Kur’ân kıssalarında ailevî ilke ve değerler konu-sunun ele alındığı çalışmamızda, konunun önemi ve inceliklerini belirten giriş kısmından sonra evvela Kur’ân, kıssa ve aile gibi bazı kavramlar izah edilerek bir araştırma zemini oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Burada Kur’ân kıssalarının genel geçer ilke ve değerler içeren yaşanmış gerçek olaylar olduğu belirtilmek-tedir. Düşüncelerin detaylandırıldığı gelişme aşamasında ise ana başlıklar halinde Hz. Âdem, Hz. Nuh, Hz. İbrahim, Hz. Muhammed, Hz. Yakup ve Yusuf olmak üzere bazı peygamberler özelinde kıssalarda doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak aile konusuna işaret eden noktalara değinilerek toplumun en önemli kuru-mu olan ailenin bekasına yönelik ilkeler vurgulanmaktadır. Anne, baba, eş ve çocuklar arasındaki sağlıklı iletişim ve doğru davranış biçimleri maddeler halinde sıralanmaktadır. Sonrasında ise temel tefsir kay-nakları ve çağdaş İslami araştırmalardan elde edilen bilimsel bilgi ve değerlendirmelerden hareketle konu sonuçlandırılmaya çalışılmaktadır.
Âyetler Arası Münasebet Meselesinin Tefsirlere Yansımasının Tarihî Kökenine Yönelik Bir Sorgulama: Tefsîru Mukâtil Örneği
Authors: KABAKCI Ersin
Published: August 2020

Âyetlerin Mushaf tertibinin tevkîfî olduğu yönündeki icmâ, yalnızca tilavette dikkate alınan bir husus olarak kalmamış, âyetler arası anlam-bağlam ilişkisi de yine bahsi geçen kabul temelinde dikkate alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda zamanla âyetler (ve sûreler) arası münasebet meselesinin yorum sürecinde başat rol oynadığı tefsirler ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Klasik ulûmü’l-Kur’ân kaynakları ve konu bağlamında öne çıkan çalışmalarda, hicrî 5-6. yüzyıldan önce tefsirlerde âyetler arası münasebeti nazarıdikkate alan okumaların başlamadığı belirtilmektedir. Oysa çok daha erken dönemlerden itibaren teşekkül etmeye başlayan ve Mushaf tertibini esas alan tefsirler dikkatli incelendiğinde, bunlar arasında da âyetler arası münasebeti hesaba katan tespitlere tanık olunmaktadır. Örneğin, günümüze ulaşan en eski tam tefsir olan Tefsîru Mukâtil’e göz atıldığında bu husus açık bir biçimde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mukâtil, tefsirinde münasebet kaygısını açıkça beyân eden “tenâsüb”, “tenâsuk” gibi terimlere başvurmasa da Zemahşerî ve Râzî tefsirlerinde görülen bazı âyetler arası irtibatlandırmaların onun eserinde de mevcudiyeti dikkat çekmektedir. Bu tespit, münasebet ilminin tefsirlere yansımasına ilişkin sorgulamanın daha erken dönemlerden başlatılmasını gerekli kılmaktadır.
Synthetic jet for underwater flow control applications
Authors: Kumar Abhay
Published: August 2020

The formation, propagation, and interaction of vortex rings have been the subject of various researchers due to its wide application in nature and day-to-day life. Some of the important applications of vortex rings are volcanic eruption, propulsion of aquatic creatures, sewerage outfalls. As an active device, synthetic jet with a train of large scale coherent structures and zero net mass flow have many practical and industrial applications in flow control.A synthetic jet is generated using a simple cavity with a small orifice at one end and a deformable flexible diaphragm at the opposite end oscillating at different frequency and amplitude. It generates a series of vortex rings due to the changes in the cavity size with diaphragm oscillation. The vortex ring moves away from the orifice exit plane under the influence of self-induced velocity and thus synthesize a jet. Synthetic jet is also called zero net mass flux (ZNMF) system, the net mass transfer through the opening in one cycle is zero but the jet imparts a net transport of momentum to the surroundings.In this work, the aim is to study the characteristics of synthetic jet for various orifice shapes, actuation frequencies and diaphragm displacements. A series of experiments were performed to understand the behavior of circular and rectangular shape synthetic jet in quiescent flow environment. To achieve this, a synthetic jet generation unit mounted on the sidewall of water tank is used. Further, a torpedo shape model with built-in circularsynthetic jet has been designed and developed and the behavior of synthetic jet in crossflow has been investigated. For qualitative study, the bulk flow visualization and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique has been used whereas for quantitative measurement, the velocity is measured using hot-film anemometry and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). Circular orifices of 8, 10 and 13 mm diameter operating at actuation frequencies of 1, 2, 4 and 6 Hz have been used for characterization of circular synthetic jet generation.
Uncertainty principle and superradiance
Authors: Chen Wen-Xiang
Published: August 2020

Associate Professor Hasegawa Yuji of the Vienna University of Technology and Professor Masaaki Ozawa of Nagoya University and other scholars published empirical results against Heisenberg's uncertainty principle on January 15, 2012.They got a measurement result with a smaller error than the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which proved the measurement advocated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.This article follows the method I used to study superradiation and connects the uncertainty principle with the superradiation effect. I found that under the superradiation effect, the measurement limit of the uncertainty principle can be smaller.
Vài dòng tản mạn về JSTOR, xưa và nay
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: August 2020

Hiện tại, hệ thống JSTOR đã có một giao diện web rất thân thiện. Họ cũng đã tăng cường các mục thông tin bài vở phổ thông, có tính cách phổ biến cập nhật thông tin khoa học. Nhiều thông tin khai thác từ lịch sử dữ liệu hàn lâm cũng rất lý thú, nhờ vào hệ thống lớn tích lũy lâu ngày của 2600 tạp chí hàn lâm hàng đầu, từ 1200 nhà xuất bản của 57 quốc gia.
IEEE CLEO PacRim conf Paper 11E5 FWM MRR GO OSF
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2020

Two-dimensional layered graphene oxide films are integrated with micro-ring resonators to experimentally demonstrate enhanced four-wave mixing, achieving up to ~7.6-dB enhancement in conversion efficiency for a uniformly coated device and ~10.3-dB for a patterned device.
Dark Papers: publicando falsos positivos
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo discutimos sobre a importância de publicações científicas contendo resultados falsos positivos para economizar recursos e acelerar o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico.
Morphometric changes in two Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil lineages support diversification fueled by long-term climate change
Authors: razmjooei mohammad javad , Thibault Nicolas
Published: August 2020

Morphometric changes have been investigated in the two groups of calcareous nannofossils, Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii and Microrhabdulus undosus across the Campanian to Maastrichtian of the Zagros Basin of Iran. Results reveal a common episode of size increase at c. 76 Ma, with a sudden increase in the size of C. ehrenbergii and with the emergence of a newly defined, larger species Microrhabdulus zagrosensis n.sp. An even larger species emerges at c. 69 Ma within the Microrhabdulus lineage, Microrhabdulus sinuosus n.sp. The timing of these size changes and origination events matches global changes in nannoplankton diversity and/or in diversity of other planktonic organisms and marine invertebrates. Comparison with long-term global climate change supports that these two distinct episodes of morphological change coincide respectively with the late Campanian carbon isotope event and acceleration of cooling and with climatic instability across the mid-Maastrichtian event.
(accepted) Cognitive regulation outdoes behavior regulation in predicting state standardized test scores over time
Authors: Modrek Anahid , Ramirez Gerardo
Published: August 2020

Individual differences in self-regulation have been a topic of increased empirical research. However, few investigations have been conducted on how sub-components of self-regulation differentially predict education outcomes over time. We examined cognitive and behavior regulation as predictors of middle-school students’ (n=127) long-term academic achievement. It has been previously reported that behavior regulation, not cognitive regulation, predicts state standardized test scores in the first year (Modrek et al., 2019). However, here we show that after two years, this pattern flips in that cognitive regulation, not behavior regulation, predicts state standardized test scores for both math and English. We analyzed the mediating role of learning using structural equation modeling, suggesting the differing roles of self-regulation in education where certain facets may or may not affect students’ long-term outcomes.
Preference reversal in curiosity-based information consumption
Authors: Dan Ohad , Leshkowitz Maya , Livnat Ohad , Hassin Ran
Published: August 2020

More information today is becoming more accessible to more people at an ever-growing rate. How does curiosity operate in this expanding informational landscape? We test a novel theory that postulates that experienced curiosity is a function of two psychological factors. The first, Interest, is relatively stable in time, while the second, Urge, is quick to rise and decay. These dynamics may lead to time-dependent reversals in epistemic choices. In a series of forced-choice experiments (n=702), participants chose between seeing the answers to either high-Urge or high-Interest questions. As predicted, we found a present bias in preference for Urge, which was exacerbated by more sensational and emotional information. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to individual interest and with the potential to derail public discourse, when competing for our attention there is an inherent incentive to use inciting information. We present a behavioral nudge that may negate these effects.
Decision aids to prepare patients for shared decision making: Two randomized controlled experiments on the impact of awareness of preference-sensitivity and personal motives
Authors: Eggeling Marie , Korger Simone , Cress Ulrike , Kimmerle Joachim , Bientzle Martina
Published: August 2020

Objective: To participate in shared decision-making (SDM), patients need to understand their options and develop trust in their own decision-making abilities. Two experiments investigated the potential of decision aids (DAs) in preparing patients for SDM by raising awareness of preference-sensitivity (Study 1) and showing possible personal motives for decision-making (Study 2) in addition to providing information about the treatment options.Methods: Participants (Study 1: N=117; Study 2: N=217) were put into two scenarios (Study 1: cruciate ligament rupture; Study 2: contraception), watched a consultation video, and were randomized into one of three groups where they received additional information in the form of 1) narrative patient testimonials; 2) non-narrative decision strategies; 3) an unrelated text (control group). Results: Participants who viewed the patient testimonials or decision strategies felt better prepared for a decision (Study 1: P<.001, η²p=0.43; Study 2: P<.001, η²p=0.57) and evaluated the decision-making process more positively (Study 2: P<.001, η²p=0.13) than participants in the control condition. Decision certainty (Study 1: P<.001, η2p=0.05) and satisfaction (Study 1: P<.001, η2p=0.11; Study 2: P=.003, d=0.29) were higher across all conditions after watching the consultation video, and certainty and satisfaction were lower in the control condition (Study 2: P<.001, η²p=0.05).Discussion: DAs that explain preference-sensitivity and personal motives can be beneficial for improving people’s feelings of being prepared and their perception of the decision-making process. To reach decision certainty and satisfaction, being well informed of one’s options is particularly relevant. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the design of DAs.
The Psychology of Nonbelievers
Authors: Uzarevic Filip , Coleman Thomas Joseph
Published: August 2020

Contrary to some conceptualizations, nonbelievers are more than simply those scoring low on religiosity scales. They seem to be characterized by analytic, flexible, and open-minded social-cognitive attributes, although this may interact with sociocultural levels of religiosity. This paper demonstrates that nonbelief, at least in the West, tends to coincide with specific worldviews, namely valuing rationality and science, as well as humanistic and liberal values. Furthermore, nonbelievers seem to parallel believers in various indicators of health. Finally, as all ideologists, nonbelievers may hold prejudicial attitudes toward groups perceived as threatening their (secular) worldviews, although this has some limits. Global increases in secularity make the nascent psychological study of nonbelievers and nonreligious worldviews an important research programme
A Latent Measure of Political Protest
Authors: Chenoweth Erica , D'Orazio Vito , Wright Joseph
Published: August 2020

In recent years, scholars have developed a number of new databases with which to measure protest. Although these databases have distinct coding rules, all attempt to capture incidents of social conflict. We argue, however, that due to a variety of sources of measurement error, subjective coding decisions, and operational specifications, no single indicator of protest adequately measures how much protest exists in a given place at a given time. As a result, empirical studies that employ these measures yield inferences with limited generalizability. To increase the generalizability of the empirical findings, we suggest using an Item Response Theory (IRT) approach to estimate a latent dimension of protest using nine different protest measures that vary in their operational specifications as well as their temporal and spatial coverage. The estimates of the IRT models are used in two ways. First, to demonstrate how existing measures differ, the IRT’s item estimates are used to compare the nine measures of protest based on their degree of difficulty (the quantity of latent protest required to observe a ‘1’ in the data) and their ability to discriminate (the speed with which changes in the latent quantity of protest affect the probability of observing a ‘1’ in the data). Second, the estimated quantity of protest is applied to both monthly and yearly models of authoritarian breakdown. The results demonstrate that the latent protest variable increases the out-of-sample classification of authoritarian breakdown events; and improves in-sample prediction relative to existing global protest variables. Our study illustrates the potential value of modeling a latent dimension of protest rather than solely relying on observed indicators.
Using Crowdsourced Data to Study Crime and Place
Authors: Buil-Gil David , Solymosi Reka
Published: August 2020

Crowdsourcing refers to the practise of enlisting the knowledge, experience or skills of a large number of people (the crowd) through some digital platform to collect data towards a collaborative project. Crowdsourcing can generate large volumes of data in relatively little time at a very small cost, and can be useful for research, strategic police management and many other purposes. To make effective use of crowdsourced data, it is important to understand its key strengths to emphasize, and limitations to mitigate. In this chapter we highlight the main strengths and weaknesses of crowdsourcing, and illustrate how to acquire, make sense of, and critically evaluate crowdsourced data to study crime and place. We present a step-by-step exemplar study using crowdsourced data from a platform called Place Pulse, where people rate their feelings of safety between different areas. Taking the case study of Atlanta, Georgia, we work through analyzing and interpreting these data while highlighting how to emphasize and evaluate the strengths and limitations of crowdsourcing. Exercises are presented using R software.
Combating Inequality: The Between- and Within-Group Effects of Unionization on Earnings for People with Different Disabilities
Authors: Pettinicchio David , Maroto Michelle Lee
Published: August 2020

This paper addresses whether and how unions help to dismantle workplace inequality experienced by people with different types of disabilities. Using pooled 2009-2018 CPS MORG data of 630,799 respondents covering almost a decade, we find that union membership is especially beneficial for people with disabilities compared to the larger population, as well as other status groups. Furthermore, people with the severest disabilities benefit the most from being in unionized work, increasing weekly earnings by 36% for people with self-care and independent living-related disabilities. Because union membership increases disabled workers’ weekly earnings by more than double the increase experienced by people without disabilities, it brings unionized disabled workers closer to overall average earnings with important implications for inequality. Unionized work reduces earnings inequality between disabled and non-disabled workers, but earnings boosts associated with union membership generate more pronounced inequality within groups of workers with disabilities depending on whether individuals have access to unionized employment. We find that gaps among employed unionized and non-unionized disabled workers are significantly larger than those experienced by unionized and non-unionized female, Black, and Hispanic workers.
Multinational Corporations and Political Violence: Trends and Forecasts
Authors: Akporiaye Alero , D'Orazio Vito , Peinhardt Clint
Published: August 2020

Multinational corporations (MNCs) increasingly worry about the threat of targeted violence, particularly in the form of terrorist attacks. Why do terrorists target MNCs and which factors are sufficiently predictive to matter to decision makers? We identify potential theoretical explanations from the literature on MNCs and transnational terrorism. Then, using conflict forecasting methods, we show the best predictors are whether a country experienced attacks before, and whether such attacks are common in the region. In addition, exogenous factors such as income improve performance, but many of the typical explanations for transnational terrorism, such as those involving regime type, do not help to identify MNC targets. Furthermore, despite using multiple behavioral and economic measures of MNC activity, it does not appear that their actions have much of an impact on whether MNCs are targeted. Future research on corporate targets of political violence would benefit from analysis at the firm and group level.
The First Local Lockdown
Authors: Dixon Anthony , Bowers Kate J. , Tilley Nick , Farrell Graham
Published: August 2020

A ‘local lockdown’ was introduced in Leicester city on 29 June: the city had < 1% of the UK population but 10% of all positive COVID-19 cases the week before. We examine recorded crime in July, the first month. Fig 1 shows the most populous 10 cities in England and Wales. In July, total recorded crime increased more in cities other than Leicester. Figs 2 and 3 shows total recorded crime and ASB increased in the city but declined in the remainder of the county of Leicestershire. Fig 4 shows differences in shoplifting and other theft were most apparent. Fig 5 shows weapons offences decreased in most cities including Leicester. Fig 6 suggests no immediately discernible pattern in the proportion of Leicestershire’s crime in the city in July 2020 relative to previous months in the year
Gorky as an editor of his own texts (exemplified by his sketch V. I. Lenin)
Authors: Godenko N. M.
Published: August 2020

The article examines various versions of M. Gorky’s character sketch V. I. Lenin, written in 1924. The sketch is of interest for many reasons. First, it appeared right after the death of the revolutionary leader and laid the foundation of the Lenin myth, actively propagated throughout Soviet history. Second, Gorky portrays Lenin as a larger-than-life personality. The writer thoroughly reworked his sketch following its first publication. Its second edition happened to be twice the original volume, with additional episodes and characters introduced for the first time. The principal methods applied by Gorky include stylistic corrections, expunging of certain fragments, repositioning of paragraphs, and transposition. The article provides numerous examples of alterations and additions in the text. However, considerable modifications driven by the publishers’ demand notwithstanding, the sketch remains essentially unchanged. Gorky’s self-editing was aimed at preserving the concept of Russian history with Lenin as its central figure.
Prose for inquisitive minds. On Sir Thomas Browne of Norwich, his works and their translation
Authors: Sidorova O. G.
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with Sir Thomas Browne, a doctor of medicine, philosopher, and writer of the English Baroque. His legacy holds an enduring appeal for scholars and, more importantly, survives in English language and its literature. It is demonstrated that Browne’s prose played an important role in the shaping of English literature and language, and that his philosophical and scientific views were eclectic. As a separate topic, the article considers problems of translating his prose into other languages. Translations can be spot-on, as shown in the article, when a coincidence of the ‘time of culture’ (Popovich, Borges) between the original and the culture of the translation occurs. For translations into Russian, a problem arises due to the inconsistency (polyglossia) of the 17th-c. Russian language. The author provides a comparative analysis of Browne’s original essays and their Russian translation. She finds that V. Grigoriev’s translations of Browne’s diptych discourses rely on a complex historical stylization, use 18th-c. Russian language, and have proved themselves as a factor of cross-literary communication.
The edge and the middle ground of authenticity. Notes on textual criticism of F. Dostoevsky’s works
Authors: Barsht K. A.
Published: August 2020

The article considers the practicality and prospects of using obsolete spelling and punctuation contemporaneous with the period when the literary work was created in scholarly editions of Russian classics, for maximum conformity of the published text to the author’s intentions. In this regard, Barsht analyzes compatibility of such experimentations with the norms of contemporary Russian grammar with 19th-c. orthographic standards. The author examines the cultural role of scholarly editions, which supply authoritative versions of texts for reprints, translations, and textbooks for secondary schools and institutions of higher education. Another topic is the pragmatic function of punctuation marks, whose purpose changed dramatically in the early 20th c. From the viewpoint of textual criticism, the article also discusses the need for such a translation of a literary classic into the modern Russian language that is accurate and precise, and avoids violation of the author’s intentions. The questions are raised in response to the publication of vol. 8 of the Complete works by F. M. Dostoevsky in 35 vols. (The Idiot [Idiot]).
Zhu Shenghao as a translator of Shakespeare
Authors: Xiaolin Zhu
Published: August 2020

The article gives an account of life and work of Zhu Shenghao (1912–1944), primarily known for his translation of the complete works of Shakespeare, the first and one of the most influential Shakespeare editions in the Chinese language. Between 1938 and 1944, he managed to translate 31 and a half plays out of the 37 plays in the First Folio. His translation, still widely acclaimed today, grants elegance to its language and musical cadence to its prosaic style and contains poetic processing in typical scenes according to Chinese lyrical traditions. Besides, Zhu Shenghao is celebrated as a cultural hero for his effort in presenting Shakespeare’s dramatic works in a brilliant translation at a critical time when China was in urgent need of learning about the Western world. According to poly-system theory, it is fully illustrated in Zhu’s case that translation does play a significant part in shaping China’s modern cultural consciousness.
The writer Karamzin: A multi-authored monograph
Authors: Guskov N. A.
Published: August 2020

Kochetkova, N., Veselova, A. and Baudin, R., eds. (2018). The writer Karamzin: A multi-authored monograph. St. Petersburg: Pushkinskiy Dom. (In Russ.)

The multi-authored monograph dedicated to N. Karamzin’s 250th birth anniversary is based on the materials of the international scholarly conference organized by the Institute of Russian Literature of the RAS in 2016. The book was prepared with painstaking accuracy and belongs to the most significant and noteworthy of recently published philological works. The remarkable cyclic composition is structured both logically and symmetrically, as well as with grace, taste, and wittiness so typical of the historical period in question. Profoundly interesting are all six parts of the monograph: the first three are concerned with Karamzin’s fiction writing, whereas the other three discuss his literary connections. The authors succeeded in finding an unexpected approach to the material and brilliantly demonstrate the relevance of issues that had long-provoked disputes. The book will delight and inform experienced philologists, students, and laymen alike.
T. A. Kasatkina. Dostoevsky as a philosopher and theologian: An artistic method of expression: A monograph
Authors: Bogdanova O. A.
Published: August 2020

Kasatkina, T. (2019). Dostoevsky as a philosopher and theologian: An artistic method of expression: A monograph. Moscow: Vodoley. (In Russ.)

T. Kasatkina’s new monograph consists of three parts: the theoretical and methodological first part presents arguments for the subject-subject method of reading and understanding of a work of fiction; the second and third parts are devoted to Notes from the Underground [Zapiski iz podpolia] and fiction fragments from A Writer’s Diary [Dnevnik pisatelya]. In this respect, the innovative approach of the book seems obvious: Kasatkina writes not so much about the content of the writer’s religious and philosophical ideas, but about the ways to understand them in accordance with the author’s intention. In addition, she offers an explanation of the implicit presence of these ideas in a work of fiction, which prompts the need for a philological analysis of the composition and imagery of such a work. This, in turn, gives rise to the ‘inevitability of philology’ asserted by Kasatkina.
L. E. Pinsky. Why God is asleep
Authors: Shaytanov I. O.
Published: August 2020

Pinsky, L. (2019). Why God is asleep. Ed. by A. Kozintsev. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya. (In Russ.)

The book is titled after the opening Menippean satire, sent by its author L. Pinsky to G. Kozintzev in order to entertain. Their correspondence (1968– 1973) follows to represent their current work. At that moment Pinsky was making desperate attempts to bring to completion his book Shakespeare. The Essential Elements of Drama [Shekspir. Osnovnye nachala dramaturgii]. Kozintsev in his turn was filming King Lear and enjoyed the worldwide success in 1971. Pinsky was among those who were disappointed with the work done by his friend. According to him both the sense of the heroic and a comic attitude towards heroism were lost in the film. The book is remarkable for the dignity of conversation on both sides and exchange of comprehension that does not rule our disagreement but, on the contrary, invites to the polemics as a form of ‘thinking together’ (Kozintsev).
The summer visit to Bogimovo
Authors: Markina I. V.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the details of A. Chekhov’s visit to the Kaluga governorate, which influenced some of his later short stories. There is a wooden house in Kaluga. Built on a stone basement, it overlooked the boulevard and once belonged to the parents of Mikhail Mikhaylovich Chekhov (who resided in Moscow at the time), a cousin of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and his active correspondent. The latter even had plans to visit his Kaluga relatives. Sadly, this never happened. But the writer’s brother, Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov, worked as a tax inspector in the town on Aleksin, an administrative hub in the Tula governorate, resulting in Chekhov’s family visiting the town’s environs in 1891 and staying on the state Bogimovo in the Tarusa district of the Kaluga governorate, which belonged to a landowner E. Bylim-Kolosovsky. It was there that Chekhov was working on his novella The Duel [Duеl] and the book Sakhalin Island [Ostrov Sakhalin]. A spectacular view of the nearby Dankovo, whose purchase Chekhov contemplated for a while, was recreated in his short story The House with the Mezzanine [Dom s mezoninom].
Biblical motifs in S. Aksakov’s Years of Childhood [Detskie gody Bagrova-vnuka]
Authors: Ugryumov V. E.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the biblical motifs and mythopoetic elements in the second part of S. Aksakov’s autobiographical trilogy Years of Childhood [Detskie gody Bagrova-vnuka]. The first experiences of a child in understanding the world are interpreted as ‘living knowledge’ (a term coined by A. Khomyakov). The image of the boy’s wet-nurse represents characteristics of the divine nature, the source of the vital force. The poetic image of ‘the torch of life’ is an allusion to the inextinguishable lamps with which the New Testament’s wise virgins greeted the bridegroom in anticipation of the symbolic wedding feast and life eternal. The chapter ‘First spring in the village’ is written to strongly resemble the biblical account of the Creation of the world, both in style and the manner of artistic associations. The book’s mythopoetic element, enduring imagery, and real-life situations create a unity of the cultural space. The Old and New Testaments’ motifs are depicted to be in natural coexistence. The world is shown through the eyes of a child, with childhood portrayed as a cultural phenomenon.
‘Poems unspelled’: on Georgy Obolduev’s early poetry
Authors: Solov T. V. , Shargunov S. A.
Published: August 2020

In her interview with S. Shargunov, editor-in-chief of the Yunost magazine, a writer and a public figure, the critic T. Solovyova raises various problems and questions. Among these are questions of contemporary literature, which, Shargunov believes, relies too much on the principles of stability and elegance, and needs some kind of a shock; the fate of thick literary magazines, which no longer can survive in a Soviet reservation and have started to actively explore the world around them; and the principles of biographical research, which is largely based on the invention of the protagonist, etc. The interview is concerned with Shargunov’s own prose, including his biographical novel about Valentin Kataev, his first experience in serious research, as well as works by Shargunov’s contemporaries, including authors of the same age. At the same time, the interview deliberately avoids politics and ideology; it does not discuss Shargunov’s activities as a people’s representative in the State Duma.
Hand and Foot Syndrome Associated with Capecitabine
Authors: Alsaloumi Louai , Alsaloumi Louai , Shawagfeh Shaima , Başgut Bilgen
Published: August 2020

Having cancer impacts the patient both psychologically and physically. However, if cancer is accompanied
with HFS, the patient’s condition gets even worse. Capecitabine is a prodrug approved to treat several types
of cancer such as breast and colorectal cancer. It is associated with several adverse effects such as hand and
foot syndrome (HFS) which mostly affects the palms and legs. The provoked mechanisms of HFS are not
clear yet. They require further validation of HFS pathogenesis. Up to now, prevention and treatment of HFS
are not clearly solidified. Evidence supports the use of celecoxib, urea-based creams, and vitamin E to
reduce the severity and the incidence of HFS. This review aims to provide the gaps and ways to further
clinical evaluations.
Evaluation of Zirconia and Cobalt-Chrome for Custom-Milled Framework Design for an Implant-Supported Full-Arch Fixed Dental Prosthesis: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Mendes Tribst João Paulo , CE Datte , MPM Silveira , GS de Andrade , MA Bottino , ALS Borges , AMO Dal Piva , Mendes Tribst João Paulo
Published: August 2020

The demands for aesthetics in implant-supported full-arch prosthesis increased the use of zirconia as
framework material due to its aesthetics, biocompatibility and high survival rate. The aim of this study was
to compare the mechanical response of Zirconia and CoCr custom-milled framework indicated for maxillary
prosthetic rehabilitations using the Finite Element Method. To perform this simulation, a custom-milled
framework design for an implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prosthesis was used. The geometries of
bone, prosthesis, implants, abutments and prosthetic screw were modelled. The mechanical properties for
each isotropic and homogeneous material were simulated. Two frameworks were simulated (YZTP and
CoCr Alloy). A load of 500 N load was applied on the occlusal surface of the right upper first molar. The
results were analysed in terms of displacement, von Mises stress and microstrain. After the simulation
processing, it was not possible to observe difference for prosthesis displacement or stress concentration
regarding the framework material. The use of YTZP exhibited the lowest stress magnitude for implant (60
MPa) near the load application site, in comparison with the metallic framework (76 MPa in the same region).
The same behaviour was calculated for the microstrain results in peri-implant region. The use of YZTP to
perform a custom-milled framework design for an implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prosthesis may
have acceptable mechanical response for the analysed structures.
Meconium Peritonitis: Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Biswanath , Mukhopadhyay Biswanath , Mitra Debasish , Das Bikramjit
Published: August 2020

Meconium peritonitis carries a high risk of mortality in neonates. The etiology may be varied, and the
perforation may occur either antenatally or in the immediate postnatal period. A strong clinical suspicion is
required, and urgent management is crucial for survival without loss of functional gut. The underlying cause
of intestinal obstruction must be carefully investigated. Postoperative management with parenteral nutrition,
management of short gut and assessment of neurodevelopment are crucial for better quality of life. We
present here three cases of complicated meconium peritonitis with perforation. We highlight the importance
of high clinical suspicion and timely management resulting in good clinical outcomes.
Comparison of Caries Experience of Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Children in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Linda Oge , Okoye Linda Oge , Okoye David I. , J. Michael Chidimma , C. Ekwueme Osa-eloka , T. Amaechi Benneth
Published: August 2020

Background: Asthma and dental caries are two most common chronic diseases among children. The aim
of the present study was to determine and compare the dental caries experience between asthmatic and nonasthmatic children in Enugu.
Methods: 120 asthmatic children who had been diagnosed of asthma for at least 1 year were selected and
matched for age 2-17 years with 120 non-asthmatic controls. Prevalence of caries was assessed using the
decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dfs for deciduous teeth and DMFS for permanent teeth) index through
clinical examination by two calibrated dentists according to WHO guidelines. Information on various
confounding factors were collected through questionnaires and patients’ medical records.
Results: Asthmatic children had significantly higher (P<0.000) caries experience on primary teeth (dfs was
2.02±0.18 for 2-6 years-old and dfs was 2.46±0.68 for 7-12 years-old) and permanent teeth (DMFS was
1.86±1.12 for 7-12 years-old and DMFS is 1.84±1.22 for 13-17 years-old). Asthmatic children did not differ
significantly from their non-asthmatic counterparts with respect to gender, dietary habits, oral hygiene, time
since last dental visit and parents’ education.
Conclusion: Children with asthma have higher caries experience than their non-asthmatic counterparts in
this study. Reasons for this difference are multifactorial necessitating the need for special multidisciplinary
oral health preventive program for these high-caries-risk children.
Effects of Red and Blue Light on the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: Stuehlinger Markus , Kohl Sebastian , Schmitt Mariangela , Bauer Ulrike , Canazei Markus , Pohl Wilfried , Pachinger Otmar , Stuehlinger Markus
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Light is an important environmental stimulus influencing everyday life. However, information
about the impact of coloured light on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is sparse. In general, red light
(RL) is thought to act as an adrenergic trigger, while there is evidence that blue light (BL) induces
parasympathetic activation. This is a pilot study to find out, if RL and/or BL affects heart rate variability
(HRV).
Methods: Participants were randomly exposed first to neutral light (NL) and then to RL and BL for 120
minutes in a special light cabin. During each test run, HRV measurements were performed using both wrist
training computers and Holter-ECGs. Furthermore, heart rate, arrhythmias and blood pressure were
analysed. All parameters were measured during neutral and repeated during RL or BL in 10 supraventricular
tachycardia patients, in 10 patients with heart failure and 10 athletes.
Results: During exposure to both RL and BL an increase of blood pressure, improvements of several HRV
parameters, but no significant change of heart rate was observed. Neither RL nor BL influenced the
occurrence of ectopic beats in Holter ECGs. The most prominent improvement of HRV was found in
athletes, whereas increase in blood pressure were comparable between all three groups.
Conclusion: RL and BL influence the cardiac ANS. Since no differences were found between different
light scenarios, the changes can not solely be attributed to the two-sided model of sympathetic and
parasympathetic effects of ANS. However, RL and BL could potentially be used therapeutically to influence
HRV in athletes.
Situs Inversus Totalis and Sickle Cell Anemia: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Werneck Rodrigues Daniela de Oliveira , Werneck Rodrigues Daniela de Oliveira , dos Santos Olivia Franco , de Medeiros Renato Lourenço , Apolinário dos Santos Augusto Cézar , Martin Almeida Rodrigo De , Silveira Lopes Jordana Alicia , Espósito Thais Sette , Rezende Jessica Diniz , Moreira da Paz Tassia Mariana
Published: August 2020

Background: Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare, autosomal recessive congenital variation, in which
the organs of the chest and abdomen are in a mirrored or reversed position in relation to the usual
topography. The incidence of SIT in the general population is low and range of 1 in 8,000 to 1 in
25,000, with the majority of people affected being asymptomatic. Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA),
however, is a genetic, monogenic, recessive disease, has a high prevalence in Brazil, with an estimate
of 1: 1,350 live births.
Case Report and Methods: The authors report a rare case of SIT in a male child with SCA identified
through neonatal screening. The patient's clinical data were extracted from medical records. The
diagnosis of SIT was suspected in the pediatric consultation, after altered cardiac auscultation.
Screening tests were performed to identify other somatic malformations.
Discussion: SIT is a rare and benign condition, with late and incidental diagnosis in most cases. SCA
is a disease diagnosed through neonatal screening with a well-defined multidisciplinary team. In this
patient, it was observed that specialized consultations in a reference service for genetic diseases led
to early diagnosis of SIT. The importance of this case report is due to the rarity of SIT and the lack
of description in the literature of SIT associated with SCA.