bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain
Authors: Sañudo Borja , Fennell Curtis , Sánchez-Oliver Antonio J.
Published: July 2020

This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns. Data was collected in a sample of 20 young adults (mean age ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.4 years; 55% males) over seven days pre- and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objective and subjective physical activity (Accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), objectively-measured smartphone use (smartphone screen time applications), and objective and subjective sleep (accelerometer and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively) were assessed. Results revealed significantly greater walking time and mean steps (p < 0.001, d = 1.223 to 1.605), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (p < 0.05, d = 0.568 to 0.616), in the pre- compared with the during-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Additionally, smartphone use (p = 0.009, d = 0.654), sitting time (p = 0.002, d = 1.120), and total sleep (p < 0.004, d = 0.666) were significantly greater in the during- compared with the pre-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Multiple regressions analyses showed associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and sleep quality. The number of hours sitting per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly predicted deep sleep (adj.R2 = 0.46). In conclusion, this study revealed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, behaviors changed, with participants spending less time engaging in physical activity, sitting more, spending more time using the smartphone, and sleeping more hours. These findings may be of importance to make recommendations, including lifestyle modifications during this time.
Examining the Social Outcomes from Urban Transport Infrastructure: Long-Term Consequences of Spatial Changes and Varied Interests at Multiple Levels
Authors: Lee Juhyun , Arts Jos , Vanclay Frank , Ward John
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates how social outcomes from urban transport projects typically play out by reflecting on multi-scale spatial changes induced by projects over time, and the extent to which such changes meet varied interests in project outcomes. We use a multi-methods case study approach using two exemplars, a metro project in London and Seoul, which established extensive public transport networks to support urban growth. Our study highlighted that urban transport network expansion does not always enhance life opportunities for all due to intermediate and cumulative impacts of spatial changes induced by projects. Immediate benefits such as enhanced accessibility were often undermined by long-term consequences of incremental spatial changes at local scales. This study also indicated that differential patterns of spatial changes around nodes between centre and periphery could be attributed to multiple negative impacts on people living in the most deprived areas. To enhance social outcomes, we suggest an integrated approach to urban transport and spatial development that focuses on scale and temporal dimensions of spatial transformation enacted by projects. In conclusion, achieving sustainable and equitable effects from urban transport infrastructure requires careful examination of broader societal consequences of long-term spatial changes and locational contexts, especially function and socio-economic conditions.
Adolescent Perception of Maternal Practices in Portugal and Spain: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Lorence Bárbara , Nunes Cristina , Menéndez Susana , Pérez-Padilla Javier , Hidalgo Victoria
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to compare parenting in two southern European countries, Spain and Portugal, according to adolescent perceptions from a situated perspective. A total of 445 Portuguese (58.88%) and Spanish (41.12%) adolescents completed a questionnaire about maternal practices and provided socio-demographic information. Portuguese and Spanish mothers were more responsive than coercive in controlling adolescents’ compliance and non-compliance situations. Spanish mothers scolded, revoked privileges, and punished physically more often than Portuguese mothers, who used dialogue more often. Multivariate analysis showed three groups of parenting practices. Portuguese mothers were represented mainly in the Indulgent group (81.70%), and Spanish mothers in the Authoritative group (74.40%), whereas the third group (Neglectful) was independent of the country of origin. These results support the theory that research and family intervention should recognize cultural aspects in order to grasp the parenting process.
Autonomous Sensor Network for Rural Agriculture Environments, Low Cost, and Energy Self-Charge
Authors: Rodríguez-Robles Javier , Martin Álvaro , Martin Sergio , Ruipérez-Valiente José A. , Castro Manuel
Published: July 2020

Over the last years, existing technologies have been applied to agricultural environments, resulting in new precision agriculture systems. Some of the multiple profits of developing new agricultural technologies and applications include the cost reduction around the building and deployment of them, together with more energy-efficient consumption. Therefore, agricultural precision systems focus on developing better, easier, cheaper, and overall more efficient ways of handling agricultural monitoring and actuation. To achieve this vision, we use a set of technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors devices, Internet of Things, or data analysis. More specifically, in this study, we proposed a combination of all these technologies to design and develop a prototype of a precision agriculture system for medium and small agriculture plantations that highlights two major advantages: efficient energy management with self-charging capabilities and a low-cost policy. For the development of the project, several prototype nodes were built and deployed within a sensor network connected to the cloud as a self-powered system. The final target of this system is, therefore, to gather environment data, analyze it, and actuate by activating the watering installation. An analysis of the exposed agriculture monitoring system, in addition to results, is exposed in the paper.
A General Cross-Country Panel Analysis for the Effects of Capitals and Energy, on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Chen Wan-Jiun , Wang Chien-Ho
Published: July 2020

To clarify the effects of generalized capitals and energy footprint on aggregate incomes and total carbon dioxide emissions, a cross-country panel analysis is applied in the present study. The generalized capitals included in this study are human capital, manufacture capital, natural capitals (as rents of fossil fuels, forest, and minerals). The energy footprint is represented by the primary energy consumption to index the overall domestic energy use. A Cobb–Douglas production function is used to empirically study on a panel of 21 European Union countries. Annual data of rents of natural capitals are used to represent the economic value of natural capitals that flows to the economy. The following are the main findings of this study: (1) Employing human and manufactural capital makes contributions to income growth and carbon reduction. This study’s evidence guides to clarify the misunderstanding of capital and capitalism. Innovations through well-developed and well-managed human and manufactured capital can help sustain income and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. (2) Energy footprint is the vital determinant to total carbon dioxide emissions and hence the most important part of climate policy. (3) The value currently commeasured by monetary terms and compiled by the World Bank is evidenced, not persistently contributed to the income, rather contributed to total carbon dioxide emissions, for the sake of the energy-intensive attributes in the resource-extracting industry. The natural capitals represented by the rent of extracting endowed natural resources can only represent part of the value of natural capitals to human beings. The virtue values of natural capitals in terms of amenity and life supporting are inevitable, but intangible and hence incommensurable. This value is still ignored and unable to enter the contemporary gate of monetary national accounting system.
Smart, Sustainable and Citizen Centered: A Network Analysis of Urban R&D Trends in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Wang Bo , Park Sang Do , Lee Jong Youl , Campbell Jesse W.
Published: July 2020

Although it is now recognized that place matters for urban development policy, most case studies focusing on particular cities tend to adopt a high-level perspective that imperfectly captures the full spectrum of context-relevant urban development issues. This study applies semantic network analysis to a corpus of 13,852 accepted R&D project proposals on issues related to the urban development of Seoul, South Korea. Through our analysis, we highlight important research trends and also make connections between these trends and the policy orientation and priorities of successive mayoral administrations over a period of 16 years. Although the results suggest that there is significant overlap between policy orientation and scientific research activity, the interests of research scientists cannot be reduced entirely to political priorities. The study contributes to the literature by fusing the place-based approach to urban development studies with the computational content analysis methodology. We raise several questions for future research, including questions about the relationship between policy priorities, scientific research, and academic research.
Is Edu-Tourism a Sustainable Option? A Case Study of Residents’ Perceptions
Authors: Alipour Habib , Fatemi Hamed , Malazizi Nahid
Published: July 2020

In studies of the impact of tourism, considerable attention has been given to the attitudes and perceptions of host communities toward tourism. However, most of these studies have focused on tourism in general and on sporadic alternative tourism in particular. This study aims to fill a gap in the research literature by examining residents’ perceptions of the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability of edu-tourism. It contributes to the limited literature on edu-tourism and to that on residents’ perceptions of tourism in small island developing states. A sample of 300 (N = 300) residents was surveyed in the city of Famagusta in Northern Cyprus to investigate residents’ attitudes toward the sustainability of edu-tourism. ANOVA and Cramér’s V tests were applied to analyze the perceptions of residents of the social, economic, and environmental impacts of edu-tourism. The influence of the socio-demographic characteristics of the residents on their perceptions and attitudes was of these issues was also examined. The study revealed that there is a variety of attitudes among residents toward the sustainability of edu-tourism and that, although residents are generally positive about edu-tourism, attitudes toward its social and environmental sustainability are mixed.
Why Community-Based Tourism and Rural Tourism in Developing and Developed Nations are Treated Differently? A Review
Authors: Zielinski Seweryn , Jeong Yoonjeong , Kim Seong-il , B. Milanés Celene
Published: July 2020

Rural community tourism initiatives in developed nations share most positive and negative characteristics with community-based tourism (CBT) initiatives in developing nations. They also share many barriers and conditions for tourism development. What makes them different is the context in which they operate. This paper identifies the main conditions that explain these differences through a review of findings from 103 location-specific case studies and other available literature that provides empirical evidence. The paper also explores the usage of the concepts of CBT and rural tourism. The findings are discussed under seven categories: Definitions, socioeconomic and cultural factors, policy and governance, land ownership, community cohesiveness, assimilation of external stakeholders, and type of visitors. It is argued that it is the developing-/developed-nation context, and not objectively established criteria, which largely dictates authors’ narratives with corresponding takes on tourism development and subsequent recommendations. The paper engages in a discussion about case-study research, its weaknesses and tendencies, providing some recommendations on how to increase the contribution of case studies to knowledge, and calls for more research on externally assisted non-Indigenous community-tourism initiatives in developed nations.
The Game of Developers and Planners: Ecosystem Services as a (Hidden) Regulation through Planning Delay Times
Authors: Broitman Dani
Published: July 2020

Planning delay time is a ubiquitous but under-researched land use regulation method. The aim of this study is to link planning delay time with the loss of urban locally provided ecosystem services (ULPES) caused by land development. Our main hypothesis is that the planning delay is an informal tool that ensures social welfare in a given urban area increases even if land is developed and the ULPES associated with the undeveloped land are lost. Whereas the developer’s objective is to maximize his profits, the planner’s target is to achieve the greatest social welfare, as calculated by considering public interest based on the value of open space and the developer’s expected profits. Our results show that, when the ULPES provided by an undeveloped parcel are sufficiently high, planning delay times can be used to prevent the execution of low quality initiatives and to only permit projects that improve general welfare and justify the potential ULPES loss. Planning delay times are interpreted as the expression of continuous negotiation between the interests of the public and those of real-estate developers, regarding the value of ULPES. The implication of the study is that ULPES values are introduced using a simple game-theoretic model allowing interaction between developers and planning authorities. The main significance is an alternative explanation for planning delay times as a consequence of ongoing negotiations between developers and urban planners that represent the general public in the city.
Social Values in Stimulating Organic Production Involvement in Farming—The Case of Poland
Authors: Kociszewski Karol , Graczyk Andrzej , Mazurek-Łopacinska Krystyna , Sobocińska Magdalena
Published: July 2020

The main research problem discussed in this paper involves evaluation of the motives of agricultural producers for pursuing and developing organic production. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the role of social values in stimulating decisions of involvement in organic production. Analytical observations were conducted on the basis of responses to surveys on a nation-representative sample in Poland (350 conventional farms and 70 organic farms in 2011; 260 conventional farms and 65 organic farms in 2019). Analyses were conducted in relation to the potential and perspectives for development of organic farming. They were focused on identifying the original motives for such decisions (incentives and disincentives). This allowed for effective evaluation of both the trend and the pace of the studied processes. The development potential of organic farming in Poland was estimated at 5–15% of the total number of farms. The most important factors encouraging farmers to take up production are associated with social values (care for the natural environment and family health). A significant chance for the development of organic production is the expected demand growth, which is also related to social values: the increasing environmental awareness and environmental change of consumption patterns.
Sustainable Construction as a Competitive Advantage
Authors: Liu Zhi-Jiang , Pypłacz Paula , Ermakova Marina , Konev Pavel
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, sustainable construction (SC) is considered as a measure to support a healthy economy. The SC concept ensures quality of life and helps minimize the negative impact on the environment, human health, and biodiversity. SC fits into the modern sustainable development (SD) concept due to the ability to improve the environment, energy efficiency, and care for future generations. Despite numerous studies dedicated to the SC concept and implementation, practical matters related to SC including the importance of macroeconomic environmental sustainability are still insufficiently explored. The objective of this research is to study the practical issues of SC in the example of developing countries. Moreover, this work is aimed at determining the importance of the sustainable macroeconomic environment in ensuring SC. With the help of correlation and regression analysis effected for the purposes of the study, the direct connection and strong correlation between the GDP growth in the country and the number of large sustainable infrastructure facilities constructed and put into operation in the Russian Federation and China (correlation coefficient comprised 0.9987) were revealed. Within the current study, the experience of developing countries in SC is also discussed. It has been outlined that for emerging countries, the development of the construction industry environment within the framework of SC is possible in a sustainable business environment. The competitive advantages for SC are considered in social, economic, and environmental systems. Moreover, the models of formation and ensuring competitive advantages of the SC enterprise are presented. This paper reveals that the stability of the macroeconomic environment is a key factor in construction industry growth within the SC for developing countries.
Horizontal Coordination of I-LNGOs in the Humanitarian Supply Chain: An Evolutionary Game Approach
Authors: Chen Fan , Liu Sen , Appolloni Andrea
Published: July 2020

Disasters accompanied by heavy casualties and huge economic losses directly result in the disruption or delay of economic development. Considering the urgent need for reducing losses and accelerating the process of social recovery, international nongovernment organizations (INGOs) and local NGOs (LNGOs) with different resource endowments should achieve organizational coordination to improve the relief efficiency and sustainability of the humanitarian supply chain. Due to conflicting interests and expectations, this coordination is hard to achieve. In this study, we first establish an evolutionary game model between INGOs and LNGOs to determine the influencing factors and explore the interaction of NGOs in a dynamic way. Our results show that: (1) coordination by resource sharing can improve the sustainability of the humanitarian supply chain; (2) coordination willingness is affected by the behavior of other players, which can nevertheless achieve equilibrium under certain conditions; and (3) the important factors and optimal strategies of players are highlighted in the dynamic model. This study provides several insights into the theory of organizational coordination in the humanitarian supply chain regarding sustainability.
Empowering Urban Governance through Urban Science: Multi-Scale Dynamics of Urban Systems Worldwide
Authors: Raimbault Juste , Denis Eric , Pumain Denise
Published: July 2020

Cities are facing many sustainability issues in the context of the current global interdependency characterized by an economic uncertainty coupled to climate changes, which challenge their local policies aiming to better conciliate reasonable growth with livable urban environment. The urban dynamic models developed by the so-called “urban science” can provide a useful foundation for more sustainable urban policies. It implies that their proposals have been validated by correct observations of the diversity of situations in the world. However, international comparisons of the evolution of cities often produce unclear results because national territorial frameworks are not always in strict correspondence with the dynamics of urban systems. We propose to provide various compositions of systems of cities in order to better take into account the dynamic networking of cities that go beyond regional and national territorial boundaries. Different models conceived for explaining city size and urban growth distributions enable the establishing of a correspondence between urban trajectories when observed at the level of cities and systems of cities. We test the validity and representativeness of several dynamic models of complex urban systems and their variations across regions of the world, at the macroscopic scale of systems of cities. The originality of the approach resides in the way it considers spatial interaction and evolutionary path dependence as major features in the general behavior of urban entities. The models studied include diverse and complementary processes, such as economic exchanges, diffusion of innovations, and physical network flows. Complex systems dynamics is in principle unpredictable, but contextualizing it regarding demographic, income, and resource components may help in minimizing the forecasting errors. We use, among others, a new unique source correlating population and built-up footprint at world scale: the Global Human Settlement built-up areas (GHS-BU). Following the methodology and results already obtained in the European GeoDiverCity project, including USA, Europe, and BRICS countries, we complete them with this new dataset at world scale and different models. This research helps in further empirical testing of the hypotheses of the evolutionary theory of urban systems and partially revising them. We also suggest research directions towards the coupling of these models into a multi-scale model of urban growth.
Stability and Boundedness of the Solutions of Multi-Parameter Dynamical Systems with Circulatory Forces
Authors: Awrejcewicz Jan , Losyeva Nataliya , Puzyrov Volodymyr
Published: July 2020

We consider a linear dynamical system under the action of potential and circulatory forces. The matrix of potential forces is positive definite, and the main question is when the circulatory forces induce instability to the system. Different approaches to studying the problem are discussed and illustrated by examples. The case of multiple eigenvalues also is considered, and sufficient conditions of instability are obtained. Some issues of the dynamics of a nonlinear system with an unstable linear approximation are discussed. The behavior of trajectories in the case of unstable equilibrium is investigated, and an example of the chaotic behavior versus the case of bounded solutions is presented and discussed.
Rational Transfer Function Model for a Double-Pipe Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger
Authors: Bartecki Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Transfer functions of typical heat exchangers, resulting from their partial differential equations, usually contain irrational functions which quite accurately describe the spatio-temporal nature of the processes occurring therein. However, such an accurate but complex mathematical representation is often not convenient from the practical point of view, and some approximation of the original model would be more useful. This paper discusses approximate rational transfer functions for a typical thick-walled double-pipe heat exchanger working in the parallel-flow configuration. Using the method of lines with the backward difference scheme, the original symmetric hyperbolic partial differential equations describing the heat transfer phenomena are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations and expressed in the form of N subsystems representing spatial sections of the exchanger. Each section is described by a rational transfer function matrix and their cascade interconnection results in the overall approximation model expressed by a matrix of rational transfer functions of high order. Based on the rational transfer function representation, the frequency and steady-state responses of the approximate model are evaluated and compared with those resulting from its original irrational transfer function model. The presented results show better approximation quality for the “crossover” input–output channels where the in-domain heat conduction effects prevail as compared to the “straightforward” channels, where the transport delay associated with the heat convection dominates.
Evaluation of HIV Transmission Clusters among Natives and Foreigners Living in Italy
Authors: Fabeni Lavinia , Santoro Maria , Lorenzini Patrizia , Rusconi Stefano , Gianotti Nicola , Costantini Andrea , Sarmati Loredana , Antinori Andrea , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Saracino Annalisa , Girardi Enrico ,   on behalf of the Icona Foundation Study Cohort
Published: July 2020

We aimed at evaluating the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among natives and migrants living in Italy, diagnosed between 1998 and 2018. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences to characterise subtypes and identify MTCs, divided into small (SMTCs, 2–3 sequences), medium (MMTCs, 4–9 sequences) and large (LMTCs, ≥10 sequences). Among 3499 drug-naïve individuals enrolled in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretroviral (ICONA) cohort (2804 natives; 695 migrants), 726 (20.8%; 644 natives, 82 migrants) were involved in 228 MTCs (6 LMTCs, 36 MMTCs, 186 SMTCs). Migrants contributed 14.4% to SMTCs, 7.6% to MMTCs and 7.1% to LMTCs, respectively. HIV-1 non-B subtypes were found in 51 MTCs; noteworthy was that non-B infections involved in MTCs were more commonly found in natives (n = 47) than in migrants (n = 4). Factors such as Italian origin, being men who have sex with men (MSM), younger age, more recent diagnosis and a higher CD4 count were significantly associated with MTCs. Our findings show that HIV-1 clustering transmission among newly diagnosed individuals living in Italy is prevalently driven by natives, mainly MSM, with a more recent diagnosis and frequently infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. These results can contribute to monitoring of the HIV epidemic and guiding the public health response to prevent new HIV infections.
Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes: In Silico Study Towards Better Understanding of COVID-19 Disease—Paving the Way for Vaccine Development
Authors: Ranga Vipin , Niemelä Erik , Tamirat Mahlet Z. , Eriksson John E. , Airenne Tomi T. , Johnson Mark S.
Published: July 2020

The emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2019, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has, to date, led to over 13.6 million infections and nearly 600,000 deaths. Consequently, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular factors triggering immune defense against the virus and to develop countermeasures to hinder its spread. Using in silico analyses, we showed that human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cell-surface molecules vary in their capacity for binding different SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes, i.e., short sequences of 8-11 amino acids, and pinpointed five specific SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that are likely to be presented to cytotoxic T-cells and hence activate immune responses. The identified epitopes, each one of nine amino acids, have high sequence similarity to the equivalent epitopes of SARS-CoV virus, which are known to elicit an effective T cell response in vitro. Moreover, we give a structural explanation for the binding of SARS-CoV-2-epitopes to MHC molecules. Our data can help us to better understand the differences in outcomes of COVID-19 patients and may aid the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and possible future outbreaks of novel coronaviruses.
New Points of Departure for More Global Influenza Vaccine Use
Authors: Kiseleva Irina
Published: July 2020

Each year, influenza causes a significant acute respiratory disease burden. In addition, influenza pandemics periodically occur. Annual vaccination is the best tool for influenza prevention, but its effectiveness can vary from year to year. The narrow specificity of conventional vaccines and the drug resistance of currently circulating viruses reduce the effectiveness of prophylaxis and treatment and require the development of new broad-spectrum preparations. Furthermore, the challenge of creating a highly effective universal influenza vaccine takes on renewed intensity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of Sulfur and Urea Fortification of Fresh Cassava Root in Fermented Total Mixed Ration on the Improvement Milk Quality of Tropical Lactating Cows
Authors: Supapong Chanadol , Cherdthong Anusorn
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present research was to determine the influence of sulfur and urea combined with fresh cassava root in fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on digestibility, fermentation in the rumen, blood metabolite, milk yield, and milk quality in tropical lactating dairy cows. Four mid-lactation Thai Holstein–Friesian crossbred cows were studied. Pre-experiment milk yield was 12.7 ± 0.30 kg/day, and the body weight was 495 ± 40.0 kg. Animals were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive diets followed by: factor A, which was a dose of sulfur inclusion at 1.0% and 2.0%, and factor B, which was level of urea inclusion at 1.25% and 2.5% DM in FTMR. The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations reduced 99.3% to 99.4% compared with fresh cassava root when FTMR was supplemented with 1.0% and 2.0% sulfur, respectively. Intake of crude protein was increased based on urea level addition (p < 0.05). Blood thiocyanate concentration was increased by 21.6% when sulfur was supplemented at 2.0% compared to 1.0% (p < 0.05). There was no difference in protozoal concentration, whereas bacterial populations at 4 h after feeding were significantly greater by 6.1% with the FTMR supplemented with 2.0% sulfur and 2.5% urea (p < 0.01). Allantoin concentrations, excretion, absorption, and microbial crude protein showed significant interactions between sulfur levels and urea levels in cows fed diets supplemented with 2.0% sulfur and 2.5% urea (p < 0.05). The molar ratios of the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile were affected by dietary FTMR (p < 0.01). Furthermore, propionic acid increased by 4.6% when diets were supplemented by 2.5% sulfur (p < 0.01). Milk fat and total solids increased when feed was supplemented with 2.0% sulfur and 2.5% urea (p < 0.05). The diets supplemented with 2.0% sulfur levels resulted in greater concentrations of milk thiocyanate (p < 0.05). The somatic cell count was significantly reduced throughout the experiment with increasing sulfur supplementation (p < 0.05). Animals fed diets supplemented with 2.0% sulfur exhibited a decreased somatic cell count by 18.3% compared with those fed diets supplemented with 1.0% sulfur. Thus, inclusion of 2.0% sulfur with 2.5% urea in FTMR containing fresh cassava root improved digestibility, ruminal fermentation, microbial crude protein synthesis, and milk qualities in dairy cows.
Espodossolos
Authors: Gomes Thaís , Rodrigues Marcelo , Barbosa Samuel , Araujo Millena , Gomes Cícero , Aurélio Márcio
Published: July 2020

Os Espodossolos são, em geral, de moderado a fortemente ácidos, normalmente com baixa saturação por bases (distróficos), podendo apresentar altos teores de alumínio extraível. A textura é predominantemente arenosa e raramente argilosa (tendente para média ou siltosa) no horizonte B espódico. Em razão da pequena quantidade de trabalhos realizados sobre os Espodossolos do Brasil, existe a necessidade de conhecer suas características para sua melhor compreensão. Assim, objetivou-se estudar os Espodossolos, desde suas características gerais até suas limitações e potencialidades, visando compreender melhor a sua gênese, além do aprimoramento na definição do horizonte B espódico e da subdivisão desta Ordem no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Tendo em vista que, são solos que ocorrem em poucas áreas brasileiras, com horizontes bem definidos, de textura arenosa e de baixa fertilidade, por isso pouco usado na agricultura.
Dificuldades na elaboração e execução de projetos de educação ambiental em escolas públicas
Authors: Costa Cristiano Cunha
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho se apesenta como um relato de experiências vividas durante a elaboração e execução de projetos de educação ambiental de forma participativa por professores e alunos em escolas públicas da cidade de Aracaju e do interior do estado de Sergipe. O objetivo é relatar sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas durante a elaboração e execução dos projetos de educação ambiental em escolas públicas, que muitas vezes culminam no não atendimentos dos objetivos propostos. Observa-se que há pouco interesse de alguns professores no envolvimento dos projetos, falta conhecimento prático e teórico sobre educação ambiental, gerando uma confusão sobre termos como multi e pluridisciplinar, inter e transdisciplinar e resultando em ações ambientais restritas a datas comemorativas. Além disso, o Projeto Político Pedagógico de algumas escolas não contempla as ações de educação ambiental. Tais projetos de educação ambiental exigem uma nova configuração no meio escolar com objetivos e metodologias interdisciplinares, envolvendo a qualificação do professor e inclusão do saber ambiental a nova proposta político-pedagógica.
"Yo gano robando"
Authors: Figueiro Pablo
Published: July 2020

Partiendo de una serie de entrevistas realizadas a personas que se hallan privadas de su libertad por cometer delitos contra la propiedad y contra terceros, este trabajo intenta dar cuenta de las concepciones acerca del trabajo, la vida y el dinero en diversas etapas de sus trayectorias. Para esto, recuperamos tres casos presentados en profundidad para desarrollar los contextos específicos en los cuales emerge una idea de trabajo que puede iluminar sobre las concepciones y experiencias más generales de lo que considera una vida digna. En este sentido, pensar el trabajo desde el punto de vista de quienes han cometido delitos contra la propiedad puede darnos una imagen privilegiada de la realidad del trabajo tal como se les presenta a dichas personas, pero que no es exclusiva de ellas.
Mercados informales y la circulación de la tolerancia
Authors: Pires Lenin dos Santos
Published: July 2020

Este artículo parte de la proposición de mirar las relaciones que se pueden clasificar como transcurriendo entre el eje legal–ilegal desde una mirada de los intereses de los actores en la sociedad y cómo, posiblemente, se involucran con los intereses de los actores en las agencias de regulación de la venta callejera en Buenos Aires y Río de Janeiro. Asumiendo que se trata de “sensibilidades jurídicas” distintas, en los términos de Geertz, lo que se plantea es también mirar a los policías como sujetos que están en los dos polos de la ecuación, aunque con la ventaja del ejercicio de la violencia; lo que posibilita, en muchos casos –frente a las configuraciones entre intereses, confianzas y reputaciones compartidos–, llevar adelante distintos modos de ganarse la vida.
Habitus y dominación en la antropología de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Morado Mara
Published: July 2020

Reseña del libro de Juan Dukuen (2018) "Habitus y dominación en la antropolgoía de Pierre Bourdieu, editado por la Editorial Biblos, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
Antibiotic resistance of ESKAPE bacteria in acute pharyngitis patients from private clinics in central Malaysia
Authors: Chong Christina Shook Cheng , Bo Zhuang Mian , Tan Wei Keat , Parmasivam Seshatharran , Pang Shu Ting , Sim Benedict Lim Heng , Lee Christopher Kwong Chong , Lim Renee Lay Hong , Lim Crystale Siew Ying
Published: July 2020

Worldwide, the ESKAPE group of pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species - are emerging as important pathogens which have acquired resistance towards different classes of antibiotics. Malaysia has also reported high levels of antibiotic resistance among these pathogens, based on prevalence data from hospital patients. However, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rates of ESKAPE group members in the community are largely unknown. Therefore, this study focuses on acute pharyngitis (AP) patients from private primary care clinics in the Klang Valley, central Malaysia, as AP is the most common infection-associated reason for contact with private primary healthcare providers. Out of 205 patients, 119 were found to harbor ESKAPE group bacteria, where a total of 175 isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Our results show that the most prevalent ESKAPE group member in this cohort is S. aureus, with one isolate found to be multidrug-resistant towards penicillin V, cefoxitin, erythromycin and azithromycin. We also report the first finding of community acquired resistance to cefotaxime in K. pneumoniae, imipenem in Enterobacter spp. and tetracycline, also in Enterobacter spp., in Malaysia, which were not derived from samples from a hospital setting. In conclusion, this study, which describes antibiotic resistance of community acquired ESKAPE pathogens in the Malaysian private primary healthcare setting highlights the need for a comprehensive centralized reporting system for community acquired antibiotic resistance to complement the Malaysian National Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance.
De Estocolmo al Biobío. El surgimiento de la cuestión medioambiental en el Norte Global y su recepción en Chile a partir de la hidroelectricidad, 1970-2000
Authors: López Cvitanic Nicolás
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo analiza los vínculos entre el surgimiento de la cuestión medioambiental en el Norte Global, y la difusión y aplicación de sus ideas y prácticas en Chile. La investigación examina los repertorios de acción contenciosa de los movimientos ambientalistas que se manifestaron contra grandes proyectos de hidroelectricidad en el sur de Chile, específicamente en el río Biobío. Se plantea que las formas de articular la resistencia contra las centrales hidroeléctricas de Pangue y Ralco, en las décadas de 1990 y 2000, está asociada a transformaciones globales en torno a ideas y prácticas referidas al cuidado del medioambiente. La metodología empleada se basa en la teoría de los nuevos movimientos sociales y en el análisis de prensa chilena de los años 1990, a fin de dar cuenta del impacto mediático de los casos de estudio. El punto de partida será la Declaración de Estocolmo de 1972, pasando por la Declaración de Río de 1992 y por la conformación de redes trasnacionales de defensa ambiental. Finalmente, entre los principales resultados de la investigación destacan las relaciones que existen entre las estrategias asociativas del Norte Global y Chile.
Cuando la periferia fue ciudad. Imaginarios y modernización urbana en el barrio Matadero (1902-1939)
Authors: González Pablo , Ibarra Macarena
Published: July 2020

En medio del fenómeno de expansión de la capital chilena en las primeras décadas del siglo XX y del tránsito de la periferia urbana a ciudad, este artículo analiza los imaginarios acerca de las problemáticas sociales y urbanas en sectores populares que conformaron el barrio Matadero y sus alrededores, y su visión sobre los procesos de modernización. En base a una revisión de obras literarias, se propone que los procesos de modernización urbana del periodo, lejos de limitarse a la ciudad consolidada, deben entenderse a desde una mirada crítica respecto a las condiciones de vida de la periferia. Fue en la periferia donde se expresaron profundos cambios demográficos, donde profesionales concentraron críticos diagnósticos y, por ende, donde el Estado se vio interpelado a brindar soluciones de salubridad y de vivienda ante las crecientes demandas sociales. En este sentido, se sostiene que los imaginarios o representaciones que dan cuenta las fuentes literarias recogen no solo componentes fundamentales de la urbanización en este sector de Santiago, sino que también confirma la dimensión tanto material como cultural del proceso.
THE BEGINNING OF CHURCH CONSTRUCTION IN “RUSSIAN” SIBERIA
Authors: Solodkin Ya. G.
Published: July 2020

Churches in Siberia, as well as in European Russia, were already being built at the foundation of cities and jails at the end of the 16th century, which was to provide sacral protection of the territories that were part of the Moscow state. These churches were not always dedicated to the Trinity, contrary to the recent opinion; their names, often defined by the capital authorities, were very diverse. Among the first temples of Tyumen and Tobolsk it is impossible (as many historians claimed, following the Remezov chronicle) to include Spassky churches. The "church building" beyond the Urals first "was sent" from Moscow; from "Rus" or Verkhoturye to the fortresses built in the "Siberian land" priests for service were sometimes sent, giving them a ruga (a fee), and also (sometimes only for the sake of consecration of temples) deacons. The construction of churches in Tyumen, Tobolsk, Berezov, as well as in the neighboring cities and jails contributed to the final entrenchment of the huge Russian land, formerly under the rule of Khan Kuchum, his vassals and allies.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CATEGORY OF THE TENSE OF THE VERB IN THE NORTHERN DIALECTS OF THE UDMURT LANGUAGE
Authors: Leonidovna Karpova Ludmila
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the functioning of tense forms of verb in the Northern dialects of the Udmurt language, which have insufficient coverage in scientific literature. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comprehensive research of the category of the tense in the context of territorial varieties of Udmurt language. The empirical base of the research is the language materials of the author’s dialectological expeditions to the areas of Northern Udmurt. The paper highlights specific features of the Northern Udmurt dialects on the one hand and features with limited diffusion in certain microsystems of studied dialects on the other. Consistent comparison of the language facts of Northern Udmurt dialects with similar phenomena in other dialects of Udmurt is made. The study demonstrates that in the studied dialects the verb tenses in their substantial and structural characteristics largely coincide with the system of the Udmurt literary language. Dialectal peculiarities are revealed in derivation, paradigms of conjugation, distribution and semantics of the use of separate tense forms. Distinctive features of the morphological character are observed in terms of the expression of individual forms of the present tense, which is due to the phonetic laws existing in the Northern dialects. Certain intra-dialect peculiarities are revealed in the forms of inflection (for example, the paradigm of modal perfection in a positive aspect varying in the Northern dialects). The paper deals with quantitative composition and peculiarities of derivation of analytical past tense forms in the Northern dialects of the Udmurt language. The main attention is paid to the most widely spread analytical forms of past tenses. Structural and semantic features of functioning of considered forms in Northern dialects are noted. The study has identified dialectal differences in the accentuation in verb forms with the suffixes -my,-dy,-zy.
A RESOURCE MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINNO-UGRIC REGION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: THE BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OR THE PATH TO A DEAD END? (ON EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA)
Authors: Kulagin Oleg Igorevich
Published: July 2020

Today in Russia there is a search for a new model of socio-economic development that could replace the raw material economy. The search problem is complicated by the fact that raw materials continue to be considered as the main resource in trade with other countries. Effective use of all types of resources that our country possesses could become an alternative in this situation. Studying the historical experience of using the resource model of socio-economic development may become one of the grounds for developing an optimal model for further socio-economic development of many Russian regions. This is especially true for regions that have historically developed and developed as mono-industry. The basis of the socio-economic development of Karelia, especially in the twentieth century, was the development of the timber industry sectors. This feature was supplemented by the fact that in the period from 1940 to 1956. Karelia as a Finno-Ugric region had the status of a union republic. The combination of these two factors became the basis of the accelerated socio-economic development of the republic in the first post-war years. The basis of the socio-economic development of Karelia as a Finno-Ugric region, especially in the 20th century, was the development of the timber industry sectors. As part of the interaction between the Center and the region, resources were exchanged. Receiving Karelian wood, the state provided the republic with financial and human resources, contributed to the formation and development of production and social infrastructure. As the main resource of Karelia, the forest in which the state was originally interested, was gradually exhausted, the resource potential of the region gradually decreased in various ways compared to other regions of the Northwest of Russia.
MISSIONARY ACTIVITY OF VYATKA BISHOP VENIAMIN (SAKHNOVSKY)
Authors: Orlov M. A.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the Christianization of the Vyatkа Udmurts under Bishop Veniamin (Sakhnovsky). This bishop was the second, after Bishop Alexy (Titov), the Vyatka archpastor, who spread Christianity among the Udmurts. His missionary activity is considered before and after the establishment of the Novokreshchensk cantor. Some historiographic conclusions concerning the practice of Christianization in the Volga region are specified. The question of financial support for the Vyatka mission by the state is raised. Correspondence of Bishop Veniamin with the Holy Synod on the material support of the Vyatka mission is published. The personal contribution of Bishop Veniamin to the process of Christianization of the Udmurts is noted: bishop trips to the Udmurts, the foundation of the first Novo Baptist parish in the village of Elovo, allocation of his own funds for the organization of missionary work. One of the sides of the bishop’s activity was the protection of the Udmurts from the oppression of the Karin Tatars. The result of the missionary work of Bishop Veniamin was the organization of Novokreshchensky parish in the village of Elovo - the first one in the history of Udmurts.
POLITICAL THEOLOGY AND THE LEGITIMATION OF CATHERINE’S COUP OF 1762: “SOLEMN EULOGY” OF KONSTANTIN (BORKOVSKIY)
Authors: Bugrov K. D.
Published: July 2020

The paper analyzes the role of political theology of Russian 18th century in the legitimation ideology of Catherine II aimed at justification of the palace coup of 1762. The subject of analysis is the sermon delivered by Konstantin (Borkovskiy) in Moscow on July 10th, 1762, and dedicated to explanation of the events of the coup. The author shows that Konstantin’s sermon deploys two main systems of argumentation: providential appeal to the history understood as uncovering of God’s plan for Russia (Augustinism), and the cult of monarch supported by the historical and Biblical comparisons and the direct glorification of monarch’s specific qualities. These parameters of Konstantin’s sermon could be compared with the earlier block of political sermons of Elizabeth’s age and the other texts which were justifying the coup (official manifestoes, poetical panegyrics). Such comparison allows author to conclude that Augustinism, being an intellectual tool to justify the fall of the monarch, was an unchangeable element of the legitimation ideology of the age, while the glorification of the monarch, being a tool to explain the enthronement of a particular person, was acquiring its ideological content depending on the circumstances. And even though the legitimation strategy of the 1762 coup included secular ideological systems (for instance, natural and Roman law, anti-absolutist rhetoric), the political theology remained pivotal element of Catherine’s legitimation ideology.