bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Origins of Populist Political Parties and the Role of External Shocks
Authors: Eugeni Levi , Isabelle Sin , Steven Stillman
Published: January 2023

We use electoral survey data to examine the impact that two large external shocks had on the development of New Zealand First (NZF), one of the oldest populist parties in the OECD. We find that structural reforms, which led to large negative impacts on particular locations, and immigration reforms, which led to large spatially concentrated increases in skilled migration, both increased voting for NZF in its first years of existence. These shocks led to changes in political attitudes and policy preferences and had persistent effects on voting for NZF even twenty years later. Overall, they play an important role in explaining the rise of populism in NZ. Understanding how these shocks led to the development of NZF is particularly relevant for thinking about how populism has been extending its reach in the 2010s.
The Gates Effect in Public Goods Experiments: How Donations Flow to the Recipients Favored by the Wealthy
Authors: Luca Corazzini , Christopher Cotton , Enrico Longo , Tommaso Reggiani
Published: January 2023

Experiments involving multiple public goods with contribution thresholds capture many features of charitable giving environments in which donors try to coordinate their contributions across various potential recipients. We present results from a laboratory experiment that introduces endowment and preference differences into such a framework to explore the impact of donor heterogeneity on public good success and payoffs. We observe that wealthier donors tend to provide larger contributions to the public goods, and that the contributions of all other donors are most likely directed to the public good preferred by the wealthiest donor as other group members try to coordinate their donations to ensure public good success. We refer to this collective focus on the preferred good of the wealthiest as the Gates Effect. The Gates Effect can reduce inequality among donors groups that succeed in funding a public good; however, it also affects the philanthropic agenda, reducing the variety of public goods that receive funding.
Residential-based discrimination in the labor market
Authors: Štěpán Mikula , Tommaso Reggiani
Published: January 2023

Through a correspondence study, this paper investigates whether employers discriminate job applicants based on their living conditions. Exploiting the natural setting provided by a Rapid Re-housing Program, we sent 1,347 job applications for low-qualified front-desk jobs in Brno, Czech Republic. The resumes exogenously differed in only one main aspect represented by the address of the applicants, signaling both the quality of the neighborhood and the quality of the housing conditions in which they were living. We found that while the higher quality of the district has a strong effect in increasing the hiring chances (+20%) the actual improvement of the living conditions standards, per se, does not generate any significant positive effect.
TRANSFORMATIONAL FEATURES OF SOCIAL POLICY OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Doroshenko Vladimir
Published: January 2023

Statement of the problem: Analysis of the transformational dimension of social policy of the leading countries of the world, identification of the institutional features of the social policy of modern European states, critical generalization of the models and principles of social policy in the European Union is of essential importance.
IMPACT OF SURFACE IMPROVEMENT MEASURES ON LOWYIELDING SUMMER PASTURES ON PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY AND FODDER QUALITY
Authors: Aliyev Z.H.
Published: January 2023

In accordance with the natural and geographical conditions of the republic, there are historical traditions of the development of many areas of animal husbandry, especially sheep breeding, using natural resources, summer and winter pastures. 55.1% or 4.77 million hectares of the country's territory are agricultural land, and 54.3% of agricultural land is natural pastures. Our country is one of the countries with limited land resources.
Evidencia científica y gestión del conocimiento
Authors: Campillo-Artero Carlos , Catalá-López Ferrán
Published: January 2023

La generación de conocimiento científico y la difusión de los resultados de investigación son tareas fundamentales aunque no suficientes para alcanzar una atención sanitaria adecuada. Uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrentan los servicios de salud se refiere a las dificultades para aplicar de manera sistemática la mejor evidencia científica disponible. En este contexto, la “transferencia del conocimiento” (en inglés, knowledge translation) sería el proceso dinámico que puede contribuir a la utilización de la evidencia científica en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, existen diversos factores que contribuyen a dificultar que se observen en la práctica los efectos esperados de las intervenciones sanitarias.
Digitale kompetencer og online kompetenceudvikling for undervisere på byggeriets videregående uddannelser
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Lund , Godsk Mikkel
Published: January 2023

Artiklen præsenterer resultater fra følgeforskningen i KUBU-projektet (KompetenceUdvikling i Byggeriets Uddannelser), herunder diskuteres temaer og faktorer, der påvirker underviseres udvikling af professionsfaglige digitale kompetencer ved online kompetenceudviklingsforløb. Forskningsdesignet er et sekventielt mixed methods-design med en spørgeskemaundersøgelse og opfølgende interviews efterfulgt af en tematisk analyse. Analysen viser et moderat oplevet læringsudbytte af forløbet samt en positiv udvikling mod en mere systematisk og evalueret praksis med brug af digital læringsteknologi blandt deltagerne. Den tematiske analyse identificerede i alt ni temaer, der gjorde sig gældende for KUBUs effekt: 1) Oplevet udbytte og afledte effekter, 2) Prioritering, 3) Flerstrenget forankringsindsats, 4) Kommunikation og forventningsafstemning, 5) Diversitet i digitale kompetencer, 6) Samarbejde og netværksdannelse, 7) Tværfaglighed og brancheorientering, 8) Modalitet og synkronitet, og 9) E-moderering og stilladsering. Samlet set identificerer artiklen en række validerede temaer og faktorer til tilrettelæggelse af online professionsfaglig digital kompetenceudvikling, samt diskuterer drivere og barrierer for deltagernes udbytte.
Las escuelas concertadas en Dinamarca y España. Entre la desigualdad escolar-educativa y la colaboración público-civil en educación.
Authors: Ahedo Santisteban Manuel
Published: January 2023

Las escuelas concertadas son un fenómeno en extensión en Europa y en el mundo: creadas por actores privados o civiles, siguen el currículo oficial, reciben financiación pública y pueden ser elegidas por las familias ejerciendo su derecho a la elección escolar. En muchos países se ha observado su efecto negativo en la reproducción y la generación de desigualdad escolar-educativa, dentro de las tendencias estructurales y políticas de las últimas décadas. España y Dinamarca tienen comparativamente un alto nivel y una larga tradición de escuela concertada, con historias, lógicas y prácticas diferentes. En Dinamarca, con una tradicionalmente baja desigualdad educativa y un heterogéneo sector concertado-privado, las escuelas concertadas han sido un factor de las recientes dinámicas de desigualdad educativa y de segregación o segmentación escolar. En España, con una tradicionalmente alta desigualdad educativa y un relativamente homogéneo sector concertado-privado, las escuelas privadas y concertadas han contribuido a la reproducción y al crecimiento de la segregación o segmentación escolar. La comparación cualitativa inspira algunas sugerencias para políticas públicas, por ejemplo, el concepto de escuela concertada con función social como base de los conciertos educativos, un consenso curricular, unas políticas escolares y de escolarización ajustadas localmente, y una efectiva y democrática autonomía escolar. Estas políticas pueden construir una mejor colaboración público-civil en educación en beneficio general del sistema educativo hacia una menor desigualdad educativa y una mejor relación educación-sociedad.
Desarrollo infantil y preparación para la escuela en Uruguay: efectos del rezago cognitivo y no cognitivo al término de la educación inicial sobre el desempeño escolar en la enseñanza primaria
Authors: Cardozo Politi Santiago
Published: January 2023

El artículo valora los efectos que tiene el rezago en distintos dominios del desarrollo infantil –cognitivos y no cognitivos- al término de la educación inicial sobre el logro escolar posterior. Nos basamos en el Panel EIT 2016 de Uruguay, un estudio longitudinal que sigue las trayectorias escolares de los/las niños/as que participaron en la Evaluación Infantil Temprana (EIT) en 2016 (n=15.529) antes de su transición a primaria. Los modelos de regresión (MCO y logística) arrojan efectos sustantivos asociados al rezago leve o severo en el desarrollo infantil, tanto global como en cada uno de los dominios valorados por EIT, sobre distintos indicadores de logro escolar: el desempeño en test estandarizados de lectura y matemática, las calificaciones escolares en Rendimiento y Conducta y los riesgos de repetición a lo largo de la enseñanza primaria. En forma consistente con estudios antecedentes, nuestros resultados sugieren que, aunque las habilidades cognitivas tienen un peso preponderante, no son la única dimensión del desarrollo infantil relevante para la preparación para la escuela. En particular, encontramos efectos sustantivos vinculados a las “Habilidades sociales y enfoques para el aprendizaje”, con un fuerte impacto en todos los indicadores y, especialmente, en Conducta, y efectos –leves pero significativos- asociados al desarrollo motor temprano. En países como Uruguay, con altas tasas de cobertura en educación inicial y con un buen desarrollo de sistemas de evaluación a gran escala, es posible actualmente identificar a los/las niños/as que se rezagarán en su trayectoria antes de que el fracaso escolar se manifieste.
Cuerpo fantasmal, naturaleza herida: potencias utópicas en las Siluetas de Ana Mendieta
Authors: Berbel Rosa
Published: January 2023

El surgimiento del Earth-Body Art en la década de los setenta coincide con un momento de efervescente reflexión en torno a las posibilidades del cuerpo y la naturaleza en la creación artística. El protagonismo del giro performativo, el pensamiento feminista y las reivindicaciones ecologistas colocaron al cuerpo en el centro de las prácticas culturales y políticas, alentando nuevas comprensiones del género y la sexualidad, de lo humano y lo no humano. En este sentido, la serie Siluetas (1973-1980) de la artista cubanoamericana Ana Mendieta constituye una de sus más destacadas representantes, al fusionar las indagaciones sobre el cuerpo emprendidas por las performances Body Art con las propuestas del Land Art. Aunque la obra ha sido, con frecuencia, abordada críticamente desde las herramientas ecofeministas, consideramos que la idea del cuerpo en ella excede cualquier representación tradicional de la femineidad, para colocarse en un paradójico plano fantasmal que suspende los binarismos y sus jerarquías. A partir del espectro derridiano y del análisis de su potencialidad utópica, este artículo plantea una relectura de los cuerpos espectrales de Mendieta como cuerpos situados en un tiempo y un lugar indeterminados, un modo de subversión estética y política y la manifestación de una futuridad emancipatoria.
Wild boar Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 dental variability in two areas of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Granados-Rigol Elena , García-González Ricardo , Herrero Juan , García-Serrano Alicia
Published: January 2023

The skulls and mandibles of 182 wild boars from the Western Pyrenees (WP) and the Middle Ebro Valley (MEV), Aragon, Spain, were assessed for dental variability. We evaluated whether there were differences in the frequency and age and sex distribution between areas, and whether any differences might be related to their environments (acquired) or were heritable (congenital). Variability included hyperdontia and hypodontia (more or fewer teeth than is normal), persistence (presence of deciduous teeth in adults), rotation and malposition (teeth deviations from the vertical or horizontal axes, respectively), diastema (abnormal space between two teeth), injuries, tooth loss, and tartar. Acquired variability such as tartar and injuries were significantly more frequent in the WP, which might have been due to differences in diet between the areas (e.g., in WP, rooting was considerable). Among the congenital, the areas differed significantly in the frequency of diastema, which might have been a hereditary characteristic in the MEV. Overall, the incidence of rotations (100%) and malposition (90%) were high, which suggests that these are characteristics of the dentition, rather than abnormalities. Among the congenital, diastema (and the frequently associated hypodontia) was the most common, which we interpret as an incipient adaptation towards a reduction in the number of teeth as a response to a shift to a predominantly vegetarian diet.
CAGE15-5 Cruise Report: Marine Geological Cruise to Storfjordrenna, Bjørnøyrenna and Thor Iversenbanken
Authors: Andreassen Karin
Published: January 2023

The cruise was a part of the Centre of Excellence for Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE) at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway.
The cruise aimed at investigating areas with gas venting from the seabed in central Bjørnøyrenna and outer Storfjordrenna, as well as subglacial meltwater systems in Thor Iversenbanken, central Barents Sea. More specific objectives included:
Acquisiton of a P-cable 3D seismic survey over part of a large crater and pingo field in central BjørnøyrennaSampling gas in water, sediments and air in areas of gas venting within the crater and pingo fieldAcquisiton of gravity cores for identification of palaeo-subglacial lakes in Thor IversenbankenAcquisiton of 2D seismic across subglacial meltwater systems in Thor IversenbankenAcqusition of 2D seismic across pingos identified in StorfjordrennaSampling of gas in air in the area where pingos have been identified in Storfjordrenna
The cruise may be known as: CAGE15_5
CAGE15-6 Cruise Report: Arctic gas hydrate studies
Authors: Mienert Jürgen , Hong Wei-L. , Jansson Per , Waghorn Kate A. , Waage Malin , Singhroha Sunny , Osti Giacomo , Yao Haoyi , Iversen Steinar , Olsen Bjørn R. , Heimdal Karianne , Krokmyrdal Suchada , Romeyn Rowan , Triest Jack , Grilli Roberto
Published: January 2023

RV Helmer Hanssen is the only vessel operating so far north (81 N) in October. One of the research questions addressed during this cruise is: Where do gas hydrate exist in the seabed and how much methane does it actually release? The CAGE 15-6 cruise explored potential gas hydrate charged sub-seabed environments and gas release zones at Storfjordrenna, Vestnesa and Svyatogor Ridge, Yermak Plateau, Sofia Basin and west of Prins Karls Foreland. Our route was traceable by www.sailwx.com. The weather forecasts from www.windyty.comwere used to prepare and adjust our cruise activities. In these Barents Sea-Arctic areas we carried out seismic profiling (mini GI 15/45 in 3 and large GI45/105 in 3) and 6 m long gravity coring for detecting gas hydrate, acoustic profiling (18, 38 and 120 kHz) for detecting gas flares in the water column, and CTD water sampling for gas analyses. Multibeam bathymetry mapping (EM300) data was collected on route for the entire cruise. We also ran echo sounder profiles along the NW Svalbard margin, across Yermak Plateau from west to east into the Sofia Basin and upslope towards the northern Svalbard margin. We reached the upper gas hydrate stability (GHSZ) theoretical outcrop zone but no acoustic evidence for extended gas release activity was found along the GHSZ outcrop zone at Yermak Plateau.
The cruise may be known as: CAGE15_6
CAGE15-7 Cruise Report: GEO8144/3144 – Marine Geology and Geophysics Cruise, Greenhouse Gases in the Ocean
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Nielsen Tove , Kuijpers Antoon , Sztybor Kamila , Ezat Mohamed , Jessen Simon P. , Dijkstra Noortje
Published: January 2023

From the late afternoon of July 23rd to the morning of August 3rd, 2015, the Department of Geology Uit, the Arctic University of Norway, arranged a AMGG-Research School scientific teaching cruise aimed atinvestigating the western and northern Svalbard margin and the Barents Sea, the Fram Strait to east Greenland, methane seep sites at Vestnesa, Prins Karls Forland and Storfjorden Trough and on R/V “Helmer Hanssen”. Investigated areas were (in order of visiting sites on the cruise): west of Prins Karls Forland, Vestnesa Ridge, Molloy Deep, Fram Strait, East Greenland margin, Smeerenburgfjorden, Hinlopen, Storfjorden, Storfjorden Trough, and Leirdjupet south of Spitsbergenbanken. The scientific sampling was done within the framework of several ongoing projects at the Department of Geology, University of Tromsø: “CAGE – Centre for Arctic Gashydrate, Environment and Climate”, in which the sub-projects “Paleo-CIRCUS”, “OA-Ocean Acidification” is included. The responsible for this year’s course in GEO8144/GEO3144 is Prof. T.L. Rasmussen.
A total of 26 gravity cores, 5 piston cores, 12 plankton net casts and 27 CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) casts were performed at the planned stations. A total of 86.3 km (46 nm) of airgun surveys were run. 108.97 m mud was obtained in total.
Chirp profiles and multibeam lines were acquired during transits and during surveys in Storfjorden, Storfjorden Trough and Leirdjupet. In addition, CTD’s and a small chirp and multibeam survey was performed Storfjorden and in Leirdjupet and airgun lines were run in Storfjorden Trough. The recording of echo-sounding started from c. 78 °N on the shelf outside Isfjorden and ended at c. 72 °N, with pauses when passing through protected areas of Svalbard (Smeerenburgfjorden and Hinlopen and respecting the 12 nm zone in Storfjorden).
The cruise may be known as: CAGE15_7_AMGG
Plain set and stirred yogurt with different additives: implementation of food safety system as quality checkpoints
Authors: Allam Aya , Shafik Noha , Zayed Ahmed , Khalifa Ibrahim , Bakry Ibrahim A. , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: January 2023

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a risk management protocol developed to ensure food safety through a precautionary approach that is believed to offer assurances in producing safe food for customers. Yogurt is made in a number of phases, commencing with the collection of raw milk and ending with consumer consumption. While this is happening, major economic and health issues might arise from exposing the manufacturing line to biological, chemical, and/or physical contaminations. As a result, the decision tree approach was used to determine the CCPs during the production of yogurt. Additionally, biological dangers are incorporated as a by-product of the system’s implementation performance. In particular, the plain set and nut puree-honey-fortified stirred yogurt manufacturing techniques are highlighted for the first time in this study. The potential manufacturing risks are described for the first time, together with information on how HACCP plans may guard against major risks that could result in the production of yogurt that is not in compliance with established standards.
Targeting super enhancers for liver disease: a review
Authors: Yang Zhongyuan , Liu Yunhui , Cheng Qiuyu , Chen Tao
Published: January 2023

Background

Super enhancers (SEs) refer to the ultralong regions of a gene accompanied by multiple transcription factors and cofactors and strongly drive the expression of cell-type-related genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SEs play crucial roles in regulating gene expression related to cell cycle progression and transcription. Aberrant activation of SEs is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver disease. Liver disease, especially liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constitutes a major class of diseases that seriously endanger human health. Currently, therapeutic strategies targeting SEs can dramatically prevent disease progression and improve the prognosis of animal models. The associated new approaches to the treatment of related liver disease are relatively new and need systematic elaboration.

Objectives

In this review, we elaborate on the features of SEs and discuss their function in liver disease. Additionally, we review their application prospects in clinical practice in the future. The article would be of interest to hepatologists, molecular biologists, clinicians, and all those concerned with targeted therapy and prognosis of liver disease.

Methodology

We searched three bibliographic databases (Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, PubMed) from 01/1981 to 06/2022 for peer-reviewed scientific publications focused on (1) gene treatment of liver disease; (2) current status of SE research; and (3) targeting SEs for liver disease. We included English language original studies only.

Results

The number of published studies considering the role of enhancers in liver disease is considerable. Since SEs were just defined in 2013, the corresponding data on SEs are scarce: approximately 50 papers found in bibliographic databases on the correlation between enhancers (or SEs) and liver disease. Remarkably, half of these papers were published in the past three years, indicating the growing interest of the scientific community in this issue. Studies have shown that treatments targeting components of SEs can improve outcomes in liver disease in animal and clinical trials.

Conclusions

The treatment of liver disease is facing a bottleneck, and new treatments are needed. Therapeutic regimens targeting SEs have an important role in the treatment of liver disease. However, given the off-target effect of gene therapy and the lack of clinical trials, the available experimental data are still fragmented and controversial.
Alterations of ecosystem nitrogen status following agricultural land abandonment in the Karst Critical Zone Observatory (KCZO), Southwest China
Authors: Liu Man , Han Guilin
Published: January 2023

Background

Secondary succession after agricultural land abandonment generally affects nitrogen (N) cycle processes and ecosystem N status. However, changes in soil N availability and NO3– loss potential following secondary succession are not well understood in karst ecosystems.

Methods

In the Karst Critical Zone Observatory (KCZO) of Southwest China, croplands, shrub-grass lands, and secondary forest lands were selected to represent the three stages of secondary succession after agricultural land abandonment by using a space-for-time substitution approach. The contents and 15N natural abundance (δ15N) of leaves, soils, and different-sized aggregates at the three stages of secondary succession were analyzed. The δ15N compositions of soil organic nitrogen (SON) in aggregates and soil to plant 15N enrichment factor (EF = δ15Nleaf −δ15Nsoil), combined with soil inorganic N contents and δ15N compositions were used to indicate the alterations of soil N availability and NO3–loss potential following secondary succession.

Results

Leaf N content and SON content significantly increased following secondary succession, indicating N accumulation in the soil and plant. The δ15N values of SON also significantly decreased, mainly affected by plant δ15N composition and N mineralization. SON content in macro-aggregates and soil NH4+ content significantly increased while δ15N values of NH4+ decreased, implying increases in SON stabilization and improved soil N availability following secondary succession. Leaf δ15N values, the EF values, and the (NO3–-N)/(NH4+-N) ratio gradually decreased, indicating reduced NO3– loss following secondary succession.

Conclusions

Soil N availability improves and NO3– leaching loss reduces following secondary succession after agricultural land abandonment in the KCZO.
First and Second-Order Theory of Mind as Predictors of Cooperative Behaviors in Preschool and School Children
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Rubio Fernanda , Neira Catherine ,   Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Villacura-Herrera César ,   Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Castillo Guevara Ramon ,   Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas. Universidad de Talca
Published: January 2023

Prosocial behavior in childhood has been widely studied over the last decades. However, the cognitive processes underlying the development of these behaviors and how children understand each other are still not entirely clear. The concept of Theory of Mind (ToM) has become particularly relevant in the study of the development of social abilities in childhood. In this study, we hypothesize that the cognitive processes of first and second-order ToM are able to predict prosocial behaviors in a differentiated manner. A total of 40 children aged 3 to 7 years old (M = 5.075; SD = 1.248) were evaluated on different tasks to measure both ToM skills, as well as prosocial behaviors such as helping (Instrumental Help; IH) and cooperating (measured through Cooperative Problem Solving and Cooperative Gaming; CPS & CG respectively). Cooperative behavior-related tasks were performed under two conditions: Firstly, a condition of General Behavior (GB) where the task was performed normally. Then, a condition that included an Interruption Period (IP) where the task was abruptly interrupted to assess if the prosocial behavior was resumed autonomously by the child. Our findings enable us to propose a potential framework where first-order ToM predicts basic helping behaviors, while second-order ToM predicts more complex cooperative behaviors. These results also demonstrate that first and second-order ToM skills can differentially predict the complexity of children's prosocial behavior and that helping and cooperative behaviors could be regulated by differential processes.
ERPs Studies of Short- and Long-Term Habituation in Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Universidad de Talca, Pinto Jorge , Vogel Edgar ,   Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Universidad de Talca, Aylwin María de la Luz ,   Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Universidad de Talca, Kreither Johanna ,   Programa de Investigación Asociativa (PIA) en Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas (CICC), Universidad de Talca
Published: January 2023

Habituation is a type of learning that consists of a decrease in the response to a repetitive stimulus. The traditional view is that habituation comprises two processes: a transitory one called short-term habituation (STH), promoted by stimulus presentations at short intervals, and a more durable one called long-term habituation (LTH), promoted by more spaced repetitions. Due to the importance of time in this distinction and in an attempt to elucidate its underlying mechanisms, several studies have sought to relate habituation to brain activity through the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs). We performed a systematic review of studies on habituation of ERPs in humans using the PRISMA methodology. A total of 175 articles were evaluated for eligibility and 145 were included. Most of the studies focused on short-term effects, demonstrating habituation in a range of ERP components such as P50, P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3. These studies revealed that STH occurs with intervals ranging from 75 ms to 4 s with an optimal of 500 ms, but it does not with intervals greater than 10 s. There are also some studies showing that the P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3 components exhibit LTH with inter-stimulus intervals between 3 and 10 seconds, but the evidence is yet insufficient to establish a secure conclusion with respect to LTH. We propose that future studies should use a wider range of inter-stimulus intervals with tests of both short-and long-term habituation so that the specific neurophysiological components of each type of habituation could be determined.
Computational Cognitive models of Categorization: Predictions under Conditions of Classification Uncertainty
Authors:   Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Marchant Nicolas , Chaigneau Sergio E. ,   Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez
Published: January 2023

In the category learning literature, similarity models have monopolized a good deal of research. The prototype and exemplar models are both based on the idea that people represent the structure of categories and category instances in the physical world in a mental similarity space. However, evidence for these models comes mainly from paradigms that provide subjects with deterministic feedback (i.e., exemplars belong to their corresponding categories with probability = 1). There is evidence that results obtained with deterministic feedback paradigms may not generalize well under probabilistic feedback conditions (i.e., where exemplars belong to their corresponding categories with probability less than 1). In this current work, we also suggest that probabilistic feedback may better reflect natural conditions, which is another important reason to pursue probabilistic feedback research. Thus, in the current work we set up a category learning experiment with probabilistic feedback and use it to evaluate different models. In addition to the two similarity models discussed above, we also use an associationist model that does not rely on the similarity construct. To compare our three models, we rely on computational modeling, which is a standard way of model comparison in cognitive psychology. Our results show that our associationist model outperforms similarity models on all our model evaluation measures. After presenting our results, we discuss why the similarity-based models fail, and also suggest some future lines of research that are possible using probabilistic feedback procedures.
Financial Leverage and Market Value of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Yimam Terna David , Tsegba Ioraver Nyenger , Duenya Imoter Moses
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study examined the effect of financial leverage on market value of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of short term debt ratio, long term debt ratio, and debt to assets ratio on market value of listed DMBs in Nigeria.

Methodology: The study adopted the ex-post facto research design.  A sample of 12 DMBs was drawn from a population of 14 DMBs listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group using the filtering method. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of the sampled DMBs in Nigeria. The study period covered ten (10) years from 2011-2020. The random effect regression model was used for data analysis, based on the recommendations of the Hausman Specification Tests results.

Findings: The results of the study suggested that while short term debt ratio has an insignificant positive effect on market value of DMBs in Nigeria, long term debt ratio has a perverse and insignificant effect on market value of DMBs in Nigeria. The result of the study further ascertained that debt to assets ratio has a significant positive effect on market value of DMBs in Nigeria.

Recommendations: The study, therefore, recommended that DMBs in Nigeria should employ a higher proportion of debt financing especially when the funds will be used to increase assets utilization. The study also recommended that listed DMBs in Nigeria should prioritize short term component of financial leverage in their financing mix.
Genetic Studies for Selection Parameters in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis): A Review
Authors: Singh Jagmeet , Sharma Akhilesh , Ranga Aman Deep , Bairwa Mukesh Kumar
Published: January 2023

The constant availability of high-yielding and well-adapted varieties is made possible by a vigorous breeding program and it is the first and least expensive input in improving the output of any crop. To design breeding methods for the development of a certain crop, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of genetic variations, correlations between various traits, and their direct and indirect contributions to yield. The amount of genetic variability and character outstanding from one generation to the next determine how much a crop may progress genetically. Because phenotypic selection relies on the range of genetic variability available in the population, it is necessary to separate the variability into heritable and non-heritable components. This will increase the reliability of the selection. Curd yield in cauliflower is a complicated trait that is greatly impacted by the environment since it is regulated by several genes. Some of the component qualities may be directly and favourably correlated with the marketable curd weight, making them suitable for use as selection criteria in crop improvement programs. Characters having a strong and positive/desirable correlation to one another would be used to boost yield effectively. The proper weightage for selection purposes is also determined by the proportional contribution of the component qualities to the yield. The level of genetic diversity contained in a specific crop determines the most appropriate varietal development programs.
Design and Implementation of Solar Power and an IoT-Based Pisciculture Management System
Authors: Bhuyan Muhibul Haque , Ali Md. Ashik , Khan Sabbir Ali , Islam Md. Rashedul , Islam Tanjil , Akter Jharna
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Pisciculture means fish farming for commercial purposes in a pond or in an artificially created fish tank. Proper care is needed for optimum fish yields.

Aims: The present research aims to design, simulate, implement, and test a low-cost pisciculture monitoring system to get the environmental status of a fishing pond where aquatic plants and fishes reside. The objective of this work is to produce high-quality and high yields of fish in the pond keeping the standard or prescribed states of the pond water.

Study Design:  The factors that affect the pond environment are flow rate, pH level, oxygen level, temperature, humidity, etc. To get high yields of fish from a pond, these factors must be within a specified level. If the values of these parameters go below or above the prescribed level then the water loses its quality and thereby fishes find it very difficult to survive in that pond because each water quality factor affects the health conditions of fish. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor these parameters.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southeast University (SEU) between June 2021 and April 2022.

Methodology: In this work, we have designed an automated microcontroller, IoT, and solar power-based water quality monitoring system for a fishpond. The automated system restores the values of these factors automatically when any of these factors fail to maintain their level in the pond.

Results: After testing the prototype of the system, we found that the designed system is performing very well and showing different parameter values in the LCD screen as outputs.

Conclusion: The system is in expensive and therefore, may be employed in practice.
Misdiagnosis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Edlow Jonathan A. , Pronovost Peter J.
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint offers 3 insights in response to the AHRQ report on diagnostic errors made in US emergency departments: focus on the delivery systems instead of individuals, establish ways to set definitions and assess error rates, and design safe delivery systems to prevent errors.
Using Evidence to Inform Legislation Aimed at Curbing Fentanyl Deaths
Authors: Jurecka Cole A. , Barocas Joshua A.
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint presents an evidence-based argument against criminalization policies and for more treatment-focused policies.
Simulated Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
Authors: Rome Benjamin N. , Nagar Sarosh , Egilman Alexander C. , Wang Junyi , Feldman William B. , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: January 2023

Importance

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 gives Medicare the authority to negotiate prices for certain prescription drugs. Which drugs will be selected and how prices will be negotiated remain unclear.

Objective

To simulate drug selection and the minimum savings that would have been achieved at statutory ceiling prices if Medicare drug price negotiation had been implemented from 2018 to 2020.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, a policy simulation analysis of high-spending prescription drugs in Medicare Part B and Part D that were eligible for negotiation from January 2018 to December 2020 was performed from August 5 to November 20, 2022.

Exposures

Eligibility criteria for selection and discounts afforded by the statutory ceiling prices for negotiation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were characteristics of drugs subject to negotiation and estimated Medicare savings from 2018 to 2020 that would have been achieved through spending at ceiling prices compared with existing net prices accounting for price concessions.

Results

Among the 40 selected drugs, 35 were primarily reimbursed through Medicare Part D and 5 through Part B and 10 were biologics. The most common therapeutic classes were endocrine (11), neurologic or psychiatric (5), pulmonary (4), rheumatologic or immunologic (4), and cardiovascular (4). Median time from US Food and Drug Administration approval to selection was 12 years (IQR, 10-14 years). Three drugs faced generic competition in the 2 years between selection and price negotiation. For the remaining 37 drugs, estimated net Medicare spending from 2018 to 2020 was $55.3 billion; spending at ceiling prices would have been reduced by an estimated $26.5 billion, which represented 5% of estimated net Medicare drug spending during those 3 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, simulating the drug price negotiation provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 revealed important limitations, including strict selection criteria and the potential for drugs to become ineligible for negotiation during the 2 years between selection and prices taking effect. Despite these limitations, the policy still delivered substantial savings because ceiling prices offered steep discounts, in part, by erasing excess spending from price increases faster than inflation.
Comparison of Preprint Postings of Randomized Clinical Trials on COVID-19 and Corresponding Published Journal Articles
Authors: Bai Anthony D. , Jiang Yunbo , Nguyen David L. , Lo Carson K. L. , Stefanova Isabella , Guo Kevin , Wang Frank , Zhang Cindy , Sayeau Kyle , Garg Akhil , Loeb Mark
Published: January 2023

Importance

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on COVID-19 are increasingly being posted as preprints before publication in a scientific, peer-reviewed journal.

Objective

To assess time to journal publication for COVID-19 RCT preprints and to compare differences between pairs of preprints and corresponding journal articles.

Evidence Review

This systematic review used a meta-epidemiologic approach to conduct a literature search using the World Health Organization COVID-19 database and Embase to identify preprints published between January 1 and December 31, 2021. This review included RCTs with human participants and research questions regarding the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. For each preprint, a literature search was done to locate the corresponding journal article. Two independent reviewers read the full text, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Time to publication was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Differences between preprint and journal article pairs in terms of outcomes, analyses, results, or conclusions were described. Statistical analysis was performed on October 17, 2022.

Findings

This study included 152 preprints. As of October 1, 2022, 119 of 152 preprints (78.3%) had been published in journals. The median time to publication was 186 days (range, 17-407 days). In a multivariable model, larger sample size and low risk of bias were associated with journal publication. With a sample size of less than 200 as the reference, sample sizes of 201 to 1000 and greater than 1000 had hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.23 (95% CI, 0.80-1.91) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.36-3.53) for publication, respectively. With high risk of bias as the reference, medium-risk articles with some concerns for bias had an HR of 1.77 (95% CI, 1.02-3.09); those with a low risk of bias had an HR of 3.01 (95% CI, 1.71-5.30). Of the 119 published preprints, there were differences in terms of outcomes, analyses, results, or conclusions in 65 studies (54.6%). The main conclusion in the preprint contradicted the conclusion in the journal article for 2 studies (1.7%).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that there is a substantial time lag from preprint posting to journal publication. Preprints with smaller sample sizes and high risk of bias were less likely to be published. Finally, although differences in terms of outcomes, analyses, results, or conclusions were observed for preprint and journal article pairs in most studies, the main conclusion remained consistent for the majority of studies.
Assessment of Microfinance Interventions and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Olson Rose , Tran Quang
Published: January 2023

Importance

An estimated 27% of ever-partnered women aged 15 to 49 years have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetimes, which has been associated with a wide range of both acute and chronic illness. Poverty is thought to be a major driver of IPV, and economic empowerment programs may reduce violence.

Objective

To evaluate whether microfinance interventions are associated with reductions in various forms of IPV.

Data Sources

On August 3, 2022, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, EconLit, and 5 global health databases were searched from inception.

Study Selection

Included studies were randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of microfinance interventions vs control on exposure to IPV. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted prespecified data, and evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcome measures of interest were exposure to overall IPV and 4 World Health Organization–designated IPV domains: physical, psychological and emotional, sexual, and controlling behaviors. Univariate meta-analyses using a random effects model were used to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs for each IPV outcome. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method was used to rate the certainty of findings.

Results

Overall, 10 randomized clinical trials met inclusion criteria, with a total of 16 136 participants, of whom 98% identified as women, with a mean age of 28.9 years. Compared with no intervention, participation in microfinance was associated with lower rates of psychological and emotional violence (SMD, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95; I2 = 46%; high certainty), sexual violence (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.90; I2 = 44%; low certainty), and controlling behaviors (SMD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92; I2 = 54%; high certainty). There was no significant association with physical violence (SMD, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04; very-low certainty).

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis of microfinance interventions found a reduction in exposure to psychological and emotional IPV as well as controlling behaviors among participants receiving microfinance interventions, with high certainty evidence. Further work is needed to evaluate which types of microfinance interventions are most effective at reducing the various forms of IPV.
Land use plan and changes in the land use planning system toward its realization: A case study of Sapporo City
Authors: Hoshi Takashi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to clarify the long‐term evolution of land use planning and land use planning system operation, as well as the actual status of the population distribution and urban area formation at each stage, using the City of Sapporo as a case study. Sapporo City formulated its first basic urban plan in the 1959 Sapporo comprehensive city plan (SCCP). Since its launch in 1971, the Sapporo long‐term comprehensive plan (LTCP) was consistently employed as a masterplan, and land use plans have been established within it. SCCP emphasizes the need to control expansion of urban areas due to the crisis of sprawling urban proliferation. In response, LTCP developed a land use plan consisting of multiple cores and three types of residential areas sorted by their density. To achieve this goal, the land use planning system was revised. In this process, the basic approach to urban planning has remained consistent for almost half a century. Namely, “Positioning LTCPs as Urban Masterplan”, “Controlling the outward expansion of urban areas” and “Multi‐centered core urban structure and layout of residential areas” were continued. In parallel, the plan was flexibly modified in response to changing socioeconomic conditions.
Viewing oneself during synchronous online learning increases appearance anxiety and decreases memory for lecture content
Authors: Tien Ingrid S. , Imundo Megan N. , Bjork Elizabeth Ligon
Published: January 2023

In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, instructors began using online learning platforms to offer live remote instruction (e.g., Zoom), which allow students to view themselves in real‐time (i.e., self‐view). The present research examined whether having students keep their cameras on, relative to cameras off, during a live online lecture would increase anxiety and reduce learning. In both Experiment 1a (small group setting) and Experiment 1b (large group setting), students in the camera‐on condition did not report greater state anxiety, nor was anxiety associated with lower performance on an immediate multiple‐choice exam. Experiment 2 specifically examined the effect of self‐view and if appearance anxiety (rather than state anxiety) might mediate the relationship between camera use and test performance. Results indicate that participants viewing themselves reported significantly higher appearance anxiety, and that higher appearance anxiety was related to decreased learning. These findings suggest that viewing oneself may uniquely contribute to heightened appearance anxiety and may reduce memory for content when learning synchronously online.
Buprenorphine opens up for easier access, but what about adolescents?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

Congressional leaders, as well as stakeholders, to rejoice in the elimination of the X‐waiver and the patient cap for buprenorphine. Claiming that this will make treatment more accessible to patients at a time when overdoses are still killing too many — 100,000 a year — the officials told the invited attendees— and press watching the livestream — that these were barriers to much needed care.
SF leaders seek to accelerate opening of safe consumption sites
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2023

Over the next few weeks, San Francisco Mayor London Breed and Board of Supervisors Member Hillary Ronen hope to lift a barrier to the rapid establishment of overdose prevention sites to combat the opioid crisis in the city.
Part 2 NPRM deadline for comments: Jan. 31
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

This month, ADAW attended a webinar by the Legal Action Center on the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) for 42 CFR Part 2. Comments are due Jan. 31. To submit them, go online to the federal Regulations.gov website and its “Remember that comments are due January 31, 2023,” page, and comments can be submitted here: https://www.regulations.gov/commenton/HHS‐OCR‐2022‐0018‐0001