bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of Fault Diagnosis Based on Sensitive Intrinsic Mode Function Selection of EEMD and Adaptive Stochastic Resonance
Authors: Li Zhixing , Shi Boqiang
Published: December 2016

A novel methodology for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing in strong background noise, based on sensitive intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) selection of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and adaptive stochastic resonance, is proposed. The original vibration signal is decomposed into a group of IMFs and a residual trend item by EEMD. Constructing weighted kurtosis index difference spectrum (WKIDS) to adaptively select sensitive IMFs, this method can overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods such as subjective choice or need to determine a threshold using the correlation coefficient. To further reduce noise and enhance weak characteristics, the adaptive stochastic resonance is employed to amplify each sensitive IMF. Then, the ensemble average is used to eliminate the stochastic noise. The simulation and rolling element bearing experiment with an inner fault are performed to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method not only overcomes the difficulty of choosing sensitive IMFs, but also, combined with adaptive stochastic resonance, can better enhance the weak fault characteristics. Moreover, the proposed method is better than EEMD and adaptive stochastic resonance of each sensitive IMF, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method in highly noisy environments.
Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Ileocolic and Colocolic Intussusception in an Adult Patient with Cecal Lipoma
Authors: Casiraghi Tiziana , Masetto Alessandro , Beltramo Massimo , Girlando Mauro , Di Bella Camillo
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Intussusception is a rare clinical entity in adults (<1% of intestinal obstructions). Colonic intussusception is even rarer, particularly when caused by lipomas.Case Presentation. A 47-year-old woman presented to our emergency department complaining of abdominal pain with vomiting and diarrhoea. X-ray and CT showed bowel obstruction due to ileocolonic and colocolonic intussusception; a giant colonic lipoma (9 × 4 × 4 cm) was recognizable immediately distally to the splenic flexure of the colon. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy and right hemicolectomy. Assessment of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of giant colonic polypoid lesion near to the ileocecal valve, causing a 12 cm long intussusception with moderate ischemic damage.Conclusion. Colonic obstruction due to intussusception caused by lipomas is a very rare condition that needs urgent treatment. CT is the radiologic modality of choice for diagnosis (sensitivity 80%, specificity near 100%); since the majority of colonic intussusceptions are caused by primary adenocarcinoma, if the etiology is uncertain, the lesion must be interpreted as malignant and extensive resection is recommended. At present, surgery is the treatment of choice and determines an excellent outcome.
Multistep Wind Speed Forecasting Using a Novel Model Hybridizing Singular Spectrum Analysis, Modified Intelligent Optimization, and Rolling Elman Neural Network
Authors: Yang Zhongshan , Wang Jian
Published: December 2016

Wind speed high-accuracy forecasting, an important part of the electrical system monitoring and control, is of the essence to protect the safety of wind power utilization. However, the wind speed signals are always intermittent and intrinsic complexity; therefore, it is difficult to forecast them accurately. Many traditional wind speed forecasting studies have focused on single models, which leads to poor prediction accuracy. In this paper, a new hybrid model is proposed to overcome the shortcoming of single models by combining singular spectrum analysis, modified intelligent optimization, and the rolling Elman neural network. In this model, except for the multiple seasonal patterns used to reduce interferences from the original data, the rolling model is utilized to forecast the multistep wind speed. To verify the forecasting ability of the proposed hybrid model, 10 min and 60 min wind speed data from the province of Shandong, China, were proposed in this paper as the case study. Compared to the other models, the proposed hybrid model forecasts the wind speed with higher accuracy.
Robust K-Median and K-Means Clustering Algorithms for Incomplete Data
Authors: Li Jinhua , Song Shiji , Zhang Yuli , Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2016

Incomplete data with missing feature values are prevalent in clustering problems. Traditional clustering methods first estimate the missing values by imputation and then apply the classical clustering algorithms for complete data, such as K-median and K-means. However, in practice, it is often hard to obtain accurate estimation of the missing values, which deteriorates the performance of clustering. To enhance the robustness of clustering algorithms, this paper represents the missing values by interval data and introduces the concept of robust cluster objective function. A minimax robust optimization (RO) formulation is presented to provide clustering results, which are insensitive to estimation errors. To solve the proposed RO problem, we propose robust K-median and K-means clustering algorithms with low time and space complexity. Comparisons and analysis of experimental results on both artificially generated and real-world incomplete data sets validate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A New Class of Almost Ricci Solitons and Their Physical Interpretation
Authors: Duggal K. L.
Published: December 2016

We establish a link between a connection symmetry, called conformal collineation, and almost Ricci soliton (in particular Ricci soliton) in reducible Ricci symmetric semi-Riemannian manifolds. As a physical application, by investigating the kinematic and dynamic properties of almost Ricci soliton manifolds, we present a physical model of imperfect fluid spacetimes. This model gives a general relation between the physical quantities(u,μ,p,α,η,σij)of the matter tensor of the field equations and does not provide any exact solution. Therefore, we propose further study on finding exact solutions of our viscous fluid physical model for which it is required that the fluid velocity vectorube tilted. We also suggest two open problems.
On the Use of Self-Organizing Map for Text Clustering in Engineering Change Process Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: Pacella Massimo , Grieco Antonio , Blaco Marzia
Published: December 2016

In modern industry, the development of complex products involves engineering changes that frequently require redesigning or altering the products or their components. In an engineering change process, engineering change requests (ECRs) are documents (forms) with parts written in natural language describing a suggested enhancement or a problem with a product or a component. ECRs initiate the change process and promote discussions within an organization to help to determine the impact of a change and the best possible solution. Although ECRs can contain important details, that is, recurring problems or examples of good practice repeated across a number of projects, they are often stored but not consulted, missing important opportunities to learn from previous projects. This paper explores the use of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) to the problem of unsupervised clustering of ECR texts. A case study is presented in which ECRs collected during the engineering change process of a railways industry are analyzed. The results show that SOM text clustering has a good potential to improve overall knowledge reuse and exploitation.
A Novel In Vitro System for Comparative Analyses of Bone Cells and Bacteria under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Dauben Thomas Josef , Ziebart Josefin , Bender Thomas , Zaatreh Sarah , Kreikemeyer Bernd , Bader Rainer
Published: December 2016

Electrical stimulation is a promising approach to enhance bone regeneration while having potential to inhibit bacterial growth. To investigate effects of alternating electric field stimulation on both human osteoblasts and bacteria, a novel in vitro system was designed. Electric field distribution was simulated numerically and proved by experimental validation. Cells were stimulated on Ti6Al4V electrodes and in short distance to electrodes. Bacterial growth was enumerated in supernatant and on the electrode surface and biofilm formation was quantified. Electrical stimulation modulated gene expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers in a voltage-dependent manner, resulting in significantly enhanced osteocalcin mRNA synthesis rate on electrodes after stimulation with 1.4VRMS. While collagen type I synthesis increased when stimulated with 0.2VRMS, it decreased after stimulation with 1.4VRMS. Only slight and infrequent influence on bacterial growth was observed following stimulations with 0.2VRMS and 1.4VRMS after 48 and 72 h, respectively. In summary this novel test system is applicable for extended in vitro studies concerning definition of appropriate stimulation parameters for bone cell growth and differentiation, bacterial growth suppression, and investigation of general effects of electrical stimulation.
The Impact of T Cell Vaccination in Alleviating and Regulating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Manifestation
Authors: Huang Liuye , Yang Yuan , Kuang Yu , Wei Dapeng , Li Wanyi , Yin Qin , Pang Juan , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: December 2016

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease identified by a plethora of production of autoantibodies. Autoreactive T cells may play an important role in the process. Attenuated T cell vaccination (TCV) has proven to benefit some autoimmune diseases by deleting or suppressing pathogenic T cells. However, clinical evidence for TCV in SLE is still limited. Therefore, this self-controlled study concentrates on the clinical effects of TCV on SLE patients. Methods. 16 patients were enrolled in the study; they accepted TCV regularly. SLEDAI, clinical symptoms, blood parameters including complements 3 and 4 levels, ANA, and anti-ds-DNA antibodies were tested. In addition, the side effects and drug usage were observed during the patients’ treatment and follow-up. Results. Remissions in clinical symptoms such as facial rash, vasculitis, and proteinuria were noted in most patients. There are also evident reductions in SLEDAI, anti-ds-DNA antibodies, and GC dose and increases in C3 and C4 levels, with no pathogenic side effects during treatment and follow-up. Conclusions. T cell vaccination is helpful in alleviating and regulating systemic lupus erythematosus manifestation.
Study Effect of Twist Multipliers on Loop Length, Loop Shape, and Tightness Factors of Single Jersey and1×1Rib Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Sitotaw Dereje Berihun , Subramanian Kathirrvelu Subban
Published: December 2016

The study focuses on effect of twist multiplier on single jersey and 1 × 1 rib knitted fabrics loop length, loop shape, and tightness factors properties. For the study 100% cotton fiber which is processed into 40Ne (English count) carded ring spun yarn is used. Three twist levels of 900 turns/m, 1050 turns/m, and 1200 turns/m with respective twist multipliers of 3.6, 4.2, and 4.8 are used. The single jersey produced from the three twist multipliers is named as Sj1 which is produced from 3.6, Sj2 from 4.2, and Sj3 from 4.8. Similarly, 1 × 1 rib is denoted as R1 which is produced from 3.6, R2 from 4.2, and R3 from 4.8. The test was performed as per ASTM D1776-Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing. The tests done for ten specimens and the results showed that loop length, loop shape, and tightness factors properties of single jersey and 1 × 1 rib knitted fabrics are significantly influenced by twist multipliers variation.
Effect of Temperature Variation on Bond Characteristics between CFRP and Steel Plate
Authors: Li Shan , Zhu Tao , Lu Yiyan , Li Xiaojin
Published: December 2016

In recent years, application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials in the strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures has gained widespread attention, but the retrofitting of metallic buildings and bridges with CFRP is still in its early stages. In real life, these structures are possibly subjected to dry and hot climate. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the bond behavior between CFRP and steel at different temperatures. To examine the bond between CFRP and steel under hot climate, a total of twenty-one double strap joints divided into 7 groups were tested to failure at constant temperatures from 27°C to 120°C in this paper. The results showed that the joint failure mode changed from debonding along between steel and adhesive interface failure to debonding along between CFRP and adhesive interface failure as the temperature increased beyond the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the adhesive. The load carrying capacity decreased significantly at temperatures approaching or exceedingTg. The interfacial fracture energy showed a similar degradation trend. Analytical models of the ultimate bearing capacity, interfacial fracture energy, and bond-slip relationship of CFRP-steel interface at elevated temperatures were presented.
On Preventing Location Attacks for Urban Vehicular Networks
Authors: Zhou Meng , Li Xin , Liao Lejian
Published: December 2016

The prevalence of global positioning system (GPS) equipped in vehicular networks exposes users’ location information to the location-based services. We argue that such data contains rich informative cues on drivers’ private behaviors and preferences, which will lead to the location privacy attacks. In this paper, we proposed a sophisticated prediction model to predict driver’s next location by using ak-order Markov chain-based third-rank tensor representing the partially observed transfer information of vehicles. Then Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) is used to learn the unobserved transitions within the tensor for transition predication. Experimental results manifest the efficacy of the proposed model in terms of location predication accuracy, compared with several state-of-the-art predication methods. We also point out that the precision achieved by such advanced predication model is restricted to the order of the Markov chaink. Accordingly, we propose a schema to decrease the risks of such attacks by preventing the conformation of higher order Markov chain. Experimental results obtained based on the real-world vehicular network data demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed schema.
Enthesitis in a 16-Year-Old Boy with M694V Mutation
Authors: Nienhuis Syert Luidolf , Westerbeek Robin Eric
Published: December 2016

Introduction. FMF (Familial Mediterranean Fever) is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and articular pain. Enthesitis is the hallmark of pain in spondyloarthropathy. Literature suggests association of M694V mutation and enthesitis. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy with enthesitis and FMF. Case Presentation. A 16-year-old boy of Turkish origin with a history of FMF presented with localized tenderness of the heel and severe disability. MRI showed an enthesitis of the plantar fascia. Standard treatment of FMF and enthesitis was not successful. After referral to a university hospital and expert opinion of a professor in rheumatology, this enthesitis should be treated as an enthesitis related arthritis. With this treatment, our patient fully recovered 8 months after the onset of the disease symptoms. Conclusion. M694V mutation related enthesitis should be considered in FMF patients with enthesitis. We would suggest treatment for enthesitis related arthritis in similar cases. This is of clinical importance because the treatment is different from treatment of enthesitis or articular pain caused by FMF.
Apodization Optimization of FBG Strain Sensor for Quasi-Distributed Sensing Measurement Applications
Authors: Chaoui Fahd , Aghzout Otman , Chakkour Mounia , El Yakhloufi Mounir
Published: December 2016

A novel optimized apodization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor (FBGS) for quasi-distributed strain sensing applications is developed and introduced in this paper. The main objective of the proposed optimization is to obtain a reflectivity level higher than 90% and a side lobe level around −40 dB, which is suitable for use in quasi-distributed strain sensing application. For this purpose, different design parameters as apodization profile, grating length, and refractive index have been investigated to enhance and optimize the FBGS design. The performance of the proposed apodization has then been compared in terms of reflectivity, side lobe level (SLL), and full width at half maximum (FWHM) with apodization profiles proposed by other authors. The optimized sensor is integrated on quasi-distributed sensing system of 8 sensors demonstrating high reliability. Wide strain sensitivity range for each channel has also been achieved in the quasi-distributed system. Results prove the efficiency of the proposed optimization which can be further implemented for any quasi-distributed sensing application.
Attempted Suicide by Massive Warfarin Ingestion Conservatively Managed Using Phytonadione
Authors: March Katherine L. , Patel Kruti S. , Twilla Jennifer D.
Published: December 2016

Treatment strategies for acute toxicity following massive ingestion of warfarin are not well described in the literature. Warfarin is the primary oral anticoagulation agent used in the treatment of thromboembolic disease, and patients with acute toxicity are at risk for life-threatening hemorrhages. Treatment options include phytonadione (vitamin K1), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) used alone or in combination. FFP and PCC can be associated with volume complications, undesirable thromboembolic events, and increased costs. We describe the case of a 63-year-old female with acute warfarin toxicity following a massive ingestion of warfarin (420 mg–450 mg) in an attempt to commit suicide. Upon arrival to the emergency department, serial INR checks were initiated to help guide dosing strategy and later adjusted based on INR response to treatment using only phytonadione.
Acute Kidney Injury, Recurrent Seizures, and Thrombocytopenia in a Young Patient with Lupus Nephritis: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Alvarado Verduzco Hector , Acharya Anjali
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a constellation of clinical and radiologic findings. Fluctuations in blood pressure, seizures, and reversible brain MRI findings mainly in posterior cerebral white matter are the main manifestations. PRES has been associated with multiple conditions such as autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, organ transplant, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Case Presentation. A 22-year-old woman with history of Systemic Lupus Erythematous complicated with chronic kidney disease secondary to lupus nephritis class IV presented with recurrent seizures and uncontrolled hypertension. She was found to have acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia. Repeat kidney biopsy showed diffuse endocapillary and extracapillary proliferative and membranous lupus nephritis (ISN-RPS class IV-G+V) and endothelial swelling secondary to severe hypertension but no evidence of TMA. Brain MRI showed reversible left frontal and parietal lesions that resolved after controlling the blood pressure, making PRES the diagnosis. Conclusion. PRES is an important entity that must be recognized and treated early due to the potential reversibility in the early stages. Physicians must have high suspicion for these unusual presentations. We present a case where performing kidney biopsy clinched the diagnosis in our patient with multiple confounding factors.
Quality of Health Information on the Internet for Urolithiasis on the Google Search Engine
Authors: Chang Dwayne T. S. , Abouassaly Robert , Lawrentschuk Nathan
Published: December 2016

Purpose. To compare the quality of health information on the Internet for keywords related to urolithiasis, to assess for difference in information quality across four main Western languages, and to compare the source of sponsorship in these websites. Methods. Health On the Net (HON) Foundation principles were utilised to determine quality information. Fifteen keywords related to urolithiasis were searched on the Google search engine. The first 150 websites were assessed against the HON principles and the source of sponsorship determined. Results. A total of 8986 websites were analysed. A proportion of HON-accredited websites for individual search terms range between 2.5% and 12.0%. The first 50 websites were more likely to be HON-positive compared to websites 51–100 and 101–150. French websites searched were more likely to be HON-positive whereas German websites were less likely to be HON-positive than English websites. There was no statistically significant difference between the rate of HON-positive English and Spanish websites. The three main website sponsors were from government/educational sources (40.2%), followed by commercial (29.9%) and physician/surgeon sources (18.6%). Conclusions. Health information on most urolithiasis websites was not validated. Nearly one-third of websites in this study have commercial sponsorship. Doctors should recognise the need for more reliable health websites for their patients.
Self-Healing Photocurable Epoxy/thiol-ene Systems Using an Aromatic Epoxy Resin
Authors: Acosta Ortiz Ricardo , Acosta Berlanga Omar , García Valdez Aída Esmeralda , Aguirre Flores Rafael , Télles Padilla José Guadalupe , Méndez Padilla María Guadalupe
Published: December 2016

A rapid and efficient method to obtain self-healing epoxy resins is discussed. This method is based on the use of a thiol-disulfide oligomer obtained by partial oxidation of a multifunctional thiol using a hypervalent iodine (III) compound as oxidant. The oligomer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The oligomer was a joint component of the thiol-ene system along with a tetra-allyl-functionalized curing agent. The kinetics of the photopolymerization of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) revealed that conversions of the epoxy groups as high as 80% were achieved in only 15 minutes by increasing the concentration of the thiol-ene system in the formulation. The disulfide bonds introduced in the copolymer using the thiol-disulfide oligomer allowed the repairing of the test specimens in as little as 10 minutes when the specimens were heated at 80°C or for 500 minutes at room temperature. The analysis of the mechanical properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the specimens displayed a healing efficiency up to 111% compared with the unhealed specimens, depending on the amount of polythioethers present in the copolymer.
Electrically Conductive Membranes Obtained by Simultaneous Electrospinning and Electrospraying Processes
Authors: Roso Martina , Lorenzetti Alessandra , Boaretti Carlo , Modesti Michele
Published: December 2016

Electrically conductive polyurethane nanostructured membranes have been prepared combining the electrospinning of polymer nanofibers (NFs) with the electrospraying of pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in simultaneous processes. In order to have a better understanding of the distribution of MWCNTs on the surface of the membranes, the optimization of the electrospraying process has been carried out and the distribution of MWCNTs has been evaluated using image texture analysis techniques. Large membranes with a volume resistivity typical of electrostatic discharge materials with a MWCNTs concentration less than 0.3% wt (0.01 mg/cm2) have been obtained and characterized with morphological (SEM and TEM) and spectroscopic (UV-Vis, Raman) techniques.
Tigecycline Therapy for Nosocomial Pneumonia due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Critically Ill Patients Who Received Inappropriate Initial Antibiotic Treatment: A Retrospective Case Study
Authors: Wu Xiaomai , Zhu Yefei , Chen Qiuying , Gong Liuyang , Lin Jian , Lv Dongqing , Feng Jiaxi
Published: December 2016

Background. Nosocomial pneumonia due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) is a growing concern because treatment options are limited and the mortality rate is high. The effect of tigecycline (TGC) on nosocomial pneumonia due to CRGNB in patients who have received inappropriate initial empiric antibiotic treatment (IIAT) is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of TGC on nosocomial pneumonia due to CRGNB in critically ill patients who had received IIAT. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in an adult respiratory intensive care unit. Data were obtained and analyzed for all patients who were treated with TGC ≥ 3 days for microbiologically confirmed nosocomial pneumonia due to CRGNB and had experienced initial antibiotic failure. Clinical and microbiological outcomes were investigated. Results. Thirty-one patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia were included in the study. The majority of the responsible organisms were carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (67.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.1%) and Escherichia coli (9.7%). Twenty patients were treated with high-dose TGC therapy (100 mg every 12 h after a 200 mg loading dose), and the others received a standard-dose therapy (50 mg every 12 h after a 100 mg loading dose). The duration of TGC therapy was 14.3±2.8 days. The global clinical cure rate and the microbiological eradication rate were 48.4% and 61.3%, respectively. The overall ICU mortality rate was 45.2%. A higher score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and a longer duration of IIAT were associated with clinical failure. High-dose TGC therapy had a higher clinical success rate [65.0% (13/20) versus 18.2% (2/11), P=0.023] and a lower ICU mortality rate [30.0% (6/20) versus 72.7% (8/11), P=0.031] than the standard-dose therapy. Conclusions. TGC, especially a high-dose regimen, might be a justifiable option for critically ill patients with nosocomial pneumonia due to CRGNB who have received IIAT when the options for these patients are limited.
Adsorption of Organophosphate Pesticide Dimethoate on Gold Nanospheres and Nanorods
Authors: Momić Tatjana , Pašti Tamara Lazarević , Bogdanović Una , Vodnik Vesna , Mraković Ana , Rakočević Zlatko , Pavlović Vladimir B. , Vasić Vesna
Published: December 2016

Organophosphorus pesticide dimethoate was adsorbed onto gold nanospheres and nanorods in aqueous solution using batch technique. Adsorption of dimethoate onto gold nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, TEM, AFM, and FTIR analysis. The adsorption of nanospheres resulted in aggregation which was not the case with nanorods. Nanoparticles adsorption features were characterized using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to have the best fit to the experimental data for both types of nanoparticles. Adsorption capacity detected for nanospheres is 456 mg/g and for nanorods is 57.1 mg/g. Also, nanoparticles were successfully used for dimethoate removal from spiked drinking water while nanospheres were shown to be more efficient than nanorods.
Antioxidant Capacity Determination in Plants and Plant‐Derived Products: A Review
Authors: Pisoschi Aurelia Magdalena , Pop Aneta , Cimpeanu Carmen , Predoi Gabriel
Published: December 2016

The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the analytical methods applied to antioxidant and antioxidant capacity assessment in plant‐derived products. Aspects related to oxidative stress, reactive oxidative species’ influence on key biomolecules, and antioxidant benefits and modalities of action are discussed. Also, the oxidant‐antioxidant balance is critically discussed. The conventional and nonconventional extraction procedures applied prior to analysis are also presented, as the extraction step is of pivotal importance for isolation and concentration of the compound(s) of interest before analysis. Then, the chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods for antioxidant and antioxidant capacity determination in plant‐derived products are detailed with respect to their principles, characteristics, and specific applications. Peculiarities related to the matrix characteristics and other factors influencing the method’s performances are discussed. Health benefits of plants and derived products are described, as indicated in the original source. Finally, critical and conclusive aspects are given when it comes to the choice of a particular extraction procedure and detection method, which should consider the nature of the sample, prevalent antioxidant/antioxidant class, and the mechanism underlying each technique. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each method.
Effect of 4-Allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (Eugenol) on Inflammatory and Apoptosis Processes in Dental Pulp Fibroblasts
Authors: Martínez-Herrera Andrea , Pozos-Guillén Amaury , Ruiz-Rodríguez Socorro , Garrocho-Rangel Arturo , Vértiz-Hernández Antonio , Escobar-García Diana María
Published: December 2016

Eugenol (mixed with zinc oxide powder) is widely used as direct capping material during pulp therapy in primary teeth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of eugenol on diverse genes involved in inflammatory and cell apoptosis processes. The regulatory effect of eugenol on the expression of inflammation and apoptotic genes was evaluated in dental pulp fibroblasts from extracted third molars, cultured under concentration of eugenol of 13 μM. Eugenol allowed the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes when compared with positive and negative controls. Eugenol is a proinflammatory agent when it is in direct contact with healthy tissues and behaves as an anti-inflammatory agent in tissues undergoing inflammatory/apoptotic processes, as in cases of pulp inflammation in primary teeth. These findings are relevant for dentistry, when considering the application of safer pulp treatments to grossly carious children’s teeth.
Bright Solitons in aPT-Symmetric Chain of Dimers
Authors: Kirikchi Omar B. , Bachtiar Alhaji A. , Susanto Hadi
Published: December 2016

We study the existence and stability of fundamental bright discrete solitons in a parity-time- (PT-) symmetric coupler composed by a chain of dimers that is modelled by linearly coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with gain and loss terms. We use a perturbation theory for small coupling between the lattices to perform the analysis, which is then confirmed by numerical calculations. Such analysis is based on the concept of the so-called anticontinuum limit approach. We consider the fundamental onsite and intersite bright solitons. Each solution has symmetric and antisymmetric configurations between the arms. The stability of the solutions is then determined by solving the corresponding eigenvalue problem. We obtain that both symmetric and antisymmetric onsite mode can be stable for small coupling, in contrast to the reported continuum limit where the antisymmetric solutions are always unstable. The instability is either due to the internal modes crossing the origin or the appearance of a quartet of complex eigenvalues. In general, the gain-loss term can be considered parasitic as it reduces the stability region of the onsite solitons. Additionally, we analyse the dynamic behaviour of the onsite and intersite solitons when unstable, where typically it is either in the form of travelling solitons or soliton blow-ups.
Statistical Design of an Adaptive SyntheticX-Control Chart with Run Rule on Service and Management Operation
Authors: Yu Shucheng , Wan Qiang , Wei Zhenghong , Tang Tianbo
Published: December 2016

An improved syntheticX-control chart based on hybrid adaptive scheme and run rule scheme is introduced to enhance the statistical performance of traditional syntheticX-control chart on service and management operation. The proposed scientific hybrid adaptive schemes consider both variable sampling interval and variable sample size scheme. The properties of the proposed chart are obtained using Markov chain approach. An extensive set of numerical results is presented to test the effectiveness of the proposed model in detecting small and moderate shifts in the process mean. The results show that the proposed chart is quicker than the standard syntheticX-chart and CUSUM chart in detecting small and moderate shifts in the process of service and management operation.
Potent Antiarthritic Properties of Phloretin in Murine Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Wang Shun-Ping , Lin Shih-Chao , Li Shiming , Chao Ya-Hsuan , Hwang Guang-Yuh , Lin Chi-Chen
Published: December 2016

In the exploration of potential therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), DBA/1J mice are used as the RA model of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Phloretin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Prunus mandshurica, has been found to exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity, making it a potential candidate for treatment of RA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of phloretin on CIA mice. CIA mice were dosed daily with phloretin at either 50 or 100 mg/kg among two treatment groups. CIA treated mice showed mitigation of clinical symptoms of RA in addition to reduced inflammation of hind‐limbs compared to mice who did not receive phloretin. Histological analysis showed that phloretin suppressed the severity of RA and effectively mitigated joint inflammation and cartilage‐ and bone‐destruction via reducing proinflammatory cytokine productions (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐17). This was at least partially mediated by causing inadequate splenocyte activation and proliferation. Moreover, phloretin‐treated CIA mice showed decreased oxidative stress and diminished levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in paw tissues as well as reduced productivity of anti‐collagen antibodies in serum. We have concluded that phloretin could be a potent and effective antiarthritis agent, demonstrating anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory effects in CIA mice.
Prospective Study of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk in the United States
Authors: Zamoiski Rachel D. , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Freedman D. Michal , Linet Martha S. , Kitahara Cari M.
Published: December 2016

Background: Thyroid cancer incidence has tripled in the past three decades, yet relatively few risk factors have been identified. Some studies have suggested that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may affect thyroid cancer risk.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 44,039 participants in the United States Radiologic Technologists Study (153 thyroid cancer cases) from all 50 states. We examined the association between risk of thyroid cancer and exposure to UVR, estimated by ambient UVR, time outdoors, and a combined variable. Participants reported location of residence and time outdoors during five age periods starting in childhood. Ambient UVR was estimated by linking satellite-based UVR measurements to geocoded residences. We assessed the association of UVR by age and average lifetime UVR with thyroid cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards models, starting at the time of the baseline questionnaire (2003–2005) through 2012–2013.

Results: Combined UVR from the latest age period (age 40+) was associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer (HR for 4th vs. 1st quartile = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31–1.02, Ptrend = 0.04). This was limited to participants with benign thyroid disease and to those with darker complexions, although we found no evidence of effect modification. Thyroid cancer risk was unrelated to all metrics of UVR in earlier age periods and for average lifetime exposure.

Conclusions: Recent UVR exposure was associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. This association appeared to be modified by benign thyroid disease and skin complexion.

Impact: UVR exposure may be associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(5); 684–91. ©2016 AACR.
Drug-Repositioning Screens Identify Triamterene as a Selective Drug for the Treatment of DNA Mismatch Repair Deficient Cells
Authors: Guillotin Delphine , Austin Philip , Begum Rumena , Freitas Marta O. , Merve Ashirwad , Brend Tim , Short Susan , Marino Silvia , Martin Sarah A.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is required for the maintenance of genome stability. Unsurprisingly, mutations in MMR genes occur in a wide range of different cancers. Studies thus far have largely focused on specific tumor types or MMR mutations; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that a therapy targeting MMR deficiency in general would be clinically very beneficial.

Experimental Design: Based on a drug-repositioning approach, we screened a large panel of cell lines with various MMR deficiencies from a range of different tumor types with a compound drug library of previously approved drugs. We have identified the potassium-sparing diuretic drug triamterene, as a novel sensitizing agent in MMR-deficient tumor cells, in vitro and in vivo.

Results: The selective tumor cell cytotoxicity of triamterene occurs through its antifolate activity and depends on the activity of the folate synthesis enzyme thymidylate synthase. Triamterene leads to a thymidylate synthase-dependent differential increase in reactive oxygen species in MMR-deficient cells, ultimately resulting in an increase in DNA double-strand breaks.

Conclusions: Conclusively, our data reveal a new drug repurposing and novel therapeutic strategy that has potential for the treatment of MMR deficiency in a range of different tumor types and could significantly improve patient survival. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2880–90. ©2016 AACR.
Characterization of EGFR T790M, L792F, and C797S Mutations as Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Afatinib in Lung Cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshihisa , Azuma Koichi , Nagai Hiroki , Kim Young Hak , Togashi Yosuke , Sesumi Yuichi , Chiba Masato , Shimoji Masaki , Sato Katsuaki , Tomizawa Kenji , Takemoto Toshiki , Nishio Kazuto , Mitsudomi Tetsuya
Published: December 2016

Lung cancers harboring common EGFR mutations respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We previously reported that tumors with exon 18 mutations are particularly sensitive to irreversible second-generation (2G) afatinib compared with first-generation TKIs (1G-TKI). However, data on the mechanisms of acquired resistance to afatinib are limited. We established afatinib-resistant cells by transfecting Ba/F3 cells with common or exon 18 (G719A and Del18) mutations and subjecting them to chronic exposure to increasing concentrations of afatinib. Afatinib-resistant clones were separately established through N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis and exposure to fixed concentrations of afatinib. Rebiopsy samples from patients whose tumors acquired resistance to afatinib were analyzed. Afatinib-resistant cells with Del19, L858R, or G719A developed T790M, whereas those with Del18 acquired novel L792F mutation. ENU mutagenesis screening established 84 afatinib-resistant clones. All Del19 clones and most of the other clones acquired only T790M. However, C797S occurred in subsets of L858R, G719A, and Del18 clones. In addition, subsets of Del18 clones acquired L792F. C797S-acquired cells were sensitive to 1G erlotinib. L792F demonstrated intermediate resistance between T790M and C797S to both 1G- and 3G-TKIs, whereas L792F was the least resistant to 2G-TKIs, particularly dacomitinib. Chronic exposure of Del18 + L792F cells to dacomitinib induced additional T790M. T790M was detected in one of four clinical samples. In conclusion, L792F and C797S, in addition to the major T790M, can develop in afatinib-resistant cells particularly using a low dose of afatinib, and these minor mutations appear to exhibit sensitivity to dacomitinib and erlotinib, respectively. These secondary mutations should be tested in clinical practice. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 357–64. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Talbert et al., p. 344
Development of Time- and Voltage-Domain Mapping (V-T-Mapping) to Localize Ventricular Tachycardia Channels During Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Nayyar Sachin , Kuklik Pawel , Ganesan Anand N. , Sullivan Thomas R. , Wilson Lauren , Young Glenn D. , Sanders Prashanthan , Roberts-Thomson Kurt C.
Published: December 2016

Background—

In ventricular scar, impulse spread is slow because it traverses split and zigzag channels of surviving muscle. We aimed to evaluate scar electrograms to determine their local delay (activation time) and inequality in voltage splitting (entropy), and their relationship to channels. We reasoned that unlike innocuous channels, which are often short with multiple side branches, ventricular tachycardia (VT) supporting channels have very slow impulse spread and possess low entropy because of their longer protected length and relative lack of side-branching.

Methods and Results—

Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and multiple VT were studied. In initial mapping stage (16 patients and 58 VTs), left ventricular endocardial mapping was performed in sinus rhythm. Detailed pace mapping was used to identify VT channels and confirmed, when feasible, by entrainment. Scar electrograms were analyzed in time and voltage domains to determine mean activation time, dispersion in activation time, and entropy. Predictive performances of these properties to detect VT channels were tested. In the application stage (7 patients and 20 VTs), these properties were prospectively tested to guide catheter ablation. A mean number of 763±203 sampling points were taken. From 1770 pace maps, 47 channels corresponded to VTs. A combination of scar electrograms with the latest mean activation time and minimum entropy, in a high activation dispersion region, accurately recognized regions containing VT channels (κ=0.89, sensitivity=86%, specificity=100%, positive predictive value=93%, and negative predictive value=100%). Finally, focused ablation within 5-mm rim of the prospective channel regions eliminated 18 of 20 inducible VTs.

Conclusions—

Activation time and entropy mapping in the scar accurately identify VT channels during sinus rhythm. The method integrates principles of reentry formation to recognize VT channels without pace mapping or mapping during VT.
Calamagrostis altaica, a neglected species of the Chinese flora with notes on C. korotkyi (Poaceae, Agrostidinae)
Authors: PASZKO BEATA , CHEN WEN-LI , LIU BING
Published: December 2016

Calamagrostis altaica, a forgotten name in Chinese Poaceae and formerly known only from the Chinese part of the Mongolian Altai, is reported to be the correct name for most of the gatherings from the northern part of Xinjiang, which are ascribed to Deyeuxia korotkyi and D. pyramidalis in Flora of China. Calamagrostis altaica is reported from the Kazakh Altai and the Chinese part of the Tarbagatai Range for the first time. In China C. korotkyi is restricted to Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. The taxonomy of C. altaica is clarified and discussed, especially in relation to the morphologically similar C. arundinacea and C. korotkyi. Amended circumscriptions of C. altaica and C. korotkyi are given, together with illustrations of their spikelet and culm morphology and notes on their identification. The entire range of C. altaica and the Chinese distribution of C. korotkyi are described.
Magnolia chiguila and M. mashpi (Magnoliaceae): two new species and a new subsection (Chocotalauma, sect. Talauma) from the Chocó biogeographic region of Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: PÉREZ ÁLVARO. J. , ARROYO FRANK , NEILL DAVID A. , VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA J. ANTONIO
Published: December 2016

We describe here two new species: Magnolia chiguila and M. mashpi and a new subsection, Magnolia subsect. Chocotalauma, sect. Talauma (Magnoliaceae). Magnolia chiguila is morphologically similar to M. calimaensis, but differs from the latter in having larger and broadly elliptic leaves with larger number of lateral veins and larger flowers with more numerous stamens and carpels. Magnolia mashpi is morphologically similar to M. striatifolia, but differs from the latter in having wider and broadly elliptic to obovate leaves with strongly arched lateral veins that are bullate and abaxially pubescent, more numerous stamens, carpels with a prominent apicule, longer sepals, larger outer and inner petals and glabrous peduncular internodes. The new species are found in the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador, and all species of the new subsection are restricted to the Chocó biogeographic region of western Colombia and Ecuador. A key to the species of Magnolia subsects. Chocotalauma and Dugandiodendron is provided.
Aristolochia albopilosa (Aristolochiaceae), a new name for Aristolochia cordata Eastw.
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-ELIZONDO MARTHA , GONZÁLEZ-ELIZONDO M. SOCORRO , BARRIE FRED R.
Published: December 2016

Aristolochia cordata Eastw. (1909), the name of an undercollected mexican species of conservation concern, is a later homonym of Aristolochia cordata L. (1759). It is renamed here as Aristolochia albopilosa M. González, S. González & Barrie.
Redescriptions of two closely related East Asian flatfish species of the genus Pleuronichthys
Authors: YOKOGAWA KŌJI , WATANABE KEN-ICHI , OGIHARA GOTA
Published: December 2016

Because of the taxonomic confusion, including misapplication of their scientific names, resulting from the morphological similarity of two East Asian flatfish species, Pleuronichthys lighti Wu, 1929 and Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), both species are redescribed, with particular emphasis on some new key characters. New common names are proposed for each species.
Leptobotia bellacauda, a new species of loach from the lower Yangtze basin in China (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Botiidae)
Authors: BOHLEN JÖRG , ŠLECHTOVÁ VENDULA
Published: December 2016

A new species, Leptobotia bellacauda is described from the lower Yangtze River basin. The new species is distinguished from all other species of Leptobotia by a combination of the following characters: body plain brown, prominent black bar in caudal fin, dorsal half of head dusky black, ventral half of head cream colour, eye well developed, lobes of caudal fin rounded, origin of pelvic fins beneath or anterior to dorsal-fin origin, and pectoral fin in adult males enlarged, with numerous tubercles.
Identifying Neogobius species from the southern Caspian Sea by otolith shape (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: DAVOODI PARISA , RAHIMIAN HASSAN
Published: December 2016

Three Neogobius species are common in the southern Caspian Sea. Identification of these species, especially from remains, is not fully understood. The present study compares the morphological characteristics of sagittal otoliths of N. caspius, N. pallasi and N. melanostomus. Furthermore, it also provides a dichotomous identification key based on otoliths morphology.
A description of the unknown female of Coleophora arenbergerella Baldizzone, 1985 (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)
Authors: BARTON IAN
Published: December 2016

During a trip to Cyprus, 27 September–4 October 2015, 4 specimens (3♂ and 1♀) of a Coleophora sp. unknown to the author were collected in the Oreites Forest, above Kouklia, Paphos District (N34 7307149: E32 6366901, altitude 340m). Two males and the one female were dissected. No match in habitus, or for the genitalia of either sex, was found when compared with any of the Coleophora sp. recorded for Cyprus (Fauna Europaea), other than C. arenbergerella about which no information could be found. The author contacted Giorgio Baldizzone, the author of the species, to see whether he could provide any information on C. arenbergerella; he kindly sent a copy of photos he had of the ♂ holotype, informing the author that the species was only known from that male. This allowed the author to confirm that the four specimens were C. arenbergerella, a species given as close to Coleophora kuehenella (Goeze) in Baldizzone (1985). So far this species is only known from Cyprus so may be endemic to the island.