bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of airline crew rostering
Authors:   University of Zilina
Published: August 2021

Airline crew rostering is a complicated planning-type problem, and its objective is to assemble pairings into schedules that maximise the satisfaction levels of crews. The rostering process focuses on achieving a more balanced workload distribution among the crewmembers that allows designing rosters in the interest of the crew. The main purpose of the paper was to explain the fundamental aspects of airline crew rostering and its impact on crewmembers’ fatigue. Additionally, the research identified mitigation measures that airlines should make to combat or mitigate crewmembers’ fatigue when designing their rosters. The paper also allowed readers to understand the effects of fatigue on crew’s alertness and performance. The qualitative research methods (such as literature review) was used to understand the complexity of the airline crew rostering, the flight and duty time limitations, crew’s rest requirement and crewmembers’ fatigue. The survey was used as the quantitative research method to identify crewmembers’ satisfaction with their rosters that would help to optimise the rostering process. An online survey (using Google Forms) was distributed to potential respondents (experienced crewmembers) via email addresses and online platforms. Respondents were asked 18 close ended questions divided into two parts (demographic and operational experience). One hundred eleven responses were gathered, which showed that age plays a crucial role in crewmembers’ fatigue. In addition, cargo pilots are usually more dissatisfied with their rosters due to exhausting flight duty periods at nights.
Ağır Covid-19’da bakteriyel pnömoni riski artıyor mu?
Authors: AKKAYA IŞIK Sinem , ŞAYLAN Bengü , YENİLMEZ Ercan
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Yoğun bakım ünitesinde takip edilen hastalarda görülen bakteriyel pnömoni etkenlerinin COVID-19 öncesi ve sonrası dönemlerdeki farklılıkların incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: COVID-19 pandemisi öncesi üç aylık dönemde (Grup 1) ve pandeminin üç aylık döneminde (Grup 2) YBÜ’de takip edilen hastaların; demografik özellikleri, mekanik ventilasyon (MV) ihtiyaçları ve MV’nin ilk günü ve 48. saat sonrası ile yedinci günü arasındaki dönemde alınan derin trakeal aspirat (DTA) kültürleri geriye dönük incelendi. Bu iki gruba ait veriler SPSS Windows 23.0 paket programı ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Dahil edilen hasta sayısı Grup 1’de 101, Grup 2’de 192 idi. Yaş ortalaması ve yattığı gün sayısı incelendiğinde iki grup benzerdi. MV ihtiyacı gelişen hasta sayısı Grup 1’de 69 (%68.3), Grup 2’de 130 (%69.7) idi. MV’nin birinci gününde pnömoni şüphesi ile DTA kültürü alınan hasta sayısı Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 45(%65.2) ve 49 (%37.7) idi. Bu hastaların kültürlerinde bakteri izole edilme oranları ise %33.3 ve %14.3 idi. Kültürde bakteri izole edilen hastaların, MV ihtiyacı olanlara oranı Grup 1’de %21.7 iken, Grup 2’de %5.3 idi. MV’nin 48. saati ile yedinci günü arasındaki dönemde pnömoni şüphesi ile DTA kültürü alınan hasta sayısı Grup 1’de 20 (%29.4), Grup 2’de 39 (%30.9) idi. Alınan bu kültürlerde bakteri izole edilme oranı sırasıyla %65 ve %71.8 olarak belirlendi. Bakteri izole edilen hastaların, tüm MV ihtiyacı olanlara oranı Grup 1’de %19.1 iken, Grup 2’de %22.2 idi. Sonuç: Ağır COVID-19 hastalarında bakteriyel koenfeksiyon riski YBÜ'deki diğer hastalara benzerdir. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde bakteriyel pnömoni açısından hastalara yaklaşım, COVID-19 olmayan hastalara benzer olmalıdır.
Romatizmal mitral darlık hastalarında mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu ile prognostik nütrisyonel indeks ilişkisi
Authors: TOPAL Salih
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Romatizmal mitral darlığı ve malnütrisyon, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde halen önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu, mitral darlığı hastalarının prognozlarını kötü yönde etkileyen klinik bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada, malnütrisyonun genel bir göstergesi olan prognostik nütrisyonel indeks (PNİ) ile mitral darlığı bulunan hastalarda mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Mitral darlığı tanısı bulunan 675 hasta retrospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Mitral darlığı bulunan hastalar mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu bulunup bulunmamasına göre ve mitral kapak darlığının ciddiyetine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Laboratuvar bulguları ve PNİ değerleri gruplar arası karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu varlığına bağlı olarak yapılan sınıflamada gruplar arasında diabetes mellitus ve hipertansiyon sıklığı benzerdi. Serum albümin düzeyleri ve PNİ, mitral yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu bulunan grupta istatistiksel anlamlılığa erişecek şekilde düşük saptandı (sırasıyla 4.1±0.5’e karşı 3.9±0.5 p<0.001 ve 51.3±7.85’e karşı 48.5±7.4 p<0.001). Yapılan regresyon analizinde mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonunun en önemli ön gördürücü belirteçleri olarak PNİ ve mitral kapak alanı saptandı. Sonuç: Mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonu bulunan hastalarda, PNİ anlamlı olarak düşük saptanmıştır. Ayrıca düşük PNİ düzeyleri, mitral kapak yaprakçık kalsifikasyonunun ön gördürücülerinden biridir.
SOLIDÃO TOTAL: HANNAH ARENDT E OS FUNDAMENTOS DO TOTALITARISMO
Authors: Berkowitz Roger
Published: August 2021

Hannah Arendt decidiu responder à pergunta “O que é o totalitarismo?” olhando para o nazismo e o bolchevismo, os dois movimentos totalitários que marcaram a primeira metade do século XX. Ela entendia que o totalitarismo pretendia a evisceração total da liberdade. O governo totalitário visa o “domínio total de toda a população da terra, a eliminação de toda realidade rival não-totalitária”3. Uma vez que uma pessoa que pode pensar e mudar de ideia romperia o controle totalitário da realidade, a dominação total deveria obliterar a espontaneidade e a liberdade. O esforço totalitário é por transformar a pluralidade de pessoas em uma unidade; é “fabricar algo que não existe, isto é, um tipo de espécie humana que se assemelhe a outras espécies animais, e cuja única ‘liberdade’ consista em ‘preservar a espécie’“4. A perda total da liberdade externa e interna é o motor da dominação total
DE VOLTA ÀS REFLEXÕES SOBRE O TOTALITARISMO
Authors: De Souza Newton Bignotto
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é estudar as referências ao tema do totalitarismo que aparecem nos Diários Filosóficos de Hannah Arendt entre 1950 e 1970.  Procuramos mostrar que, mesmo depois de ter publicado Origens do totalitarismo em 1951, a autora continuou a refletir sobre pontos essenciais da obra, à luz das novas questões que passaram a inquietá-la e que estão no centro de suas obras posteriores. Um dos pontos essenciais de sua démarche é sua preocupação com a natureza do marxismo e seu significado para a política.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa pada Materi Logaritma
Authors: Saniah Saniah , Nirawati Resy , Mariyam Mariyam
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaaan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa setelah diberikan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching pada materi Logaritma di kelas X MA Yasti Singkawang, besarnya aktivitas siswa, besarnya kemandirian siswa, serta untuk mengetahui ketuntasan belajar siswa secara individual maupun klasikal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, bentuk penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X yang terdiri dari 3 kelas yang berjumlah 75 orang. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan purposive sampling. Adapun yang menjadi kelas eksperimen adalah kelas XB yang berjumlah 25 orang dan kelas kontrol adalah kelas XA yang berjumlah 25 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,39 yang berada pada kriteria sedang dan peningkatannya lebih tinggi dibandingkan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa pada kelas kontrol, selanjutnya berdasarkan perhitungan uji-t dua sampel diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaaan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang signifikan setelah diberikan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching pada materi logaritma, (2) Aktivitas belajar siswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching sangat aktif dengan persentase sebesar 78,69%, (3) Ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai KKM 68 yaitu sebesar 77,78 dan ketuntasan klasikal melampaui 75%, (4) Hasil angket kemandirian belajar siswa diperoleh rata-rata seluruh angket 80,16 dengan kategori baik.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Fisika Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Anyaman Nyiru untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa
Authors: Sae Foni S , Husin Vivi Elvi Rosanti , Mellu Ruth N.K
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar fisika berbasis kearifan lokal anyaman Nyiru untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Kristen 1 SoE pada materi Hukum Newton. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D). Tahapan penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa langkah-langkah, yaitu (1) potensi dan masalah; (2) pengumpulan informasi; (3) desain produk; (4) validasi produk; (5) perbaikan produk; (6) uji coba lapangan (skala kecil). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah soal tes, lembar angket validasi, dan angket respon siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan teknik angket. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode presentase. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil pengembangan dan analisis kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil validasi dan respon siswa serta uji Normalized gain untuk melihat peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil validasi bahan ajar oleh 4 orang validator dengan rata-rata persentase media bahan ajar adalah 79% dengan kategori valid dan rata-rata persentase materi adalah 82% dengan kategori valid. Nilai N-gain terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 0,82 dengan kriteria tinggi dan data terhadap respon siswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 74,86% dengan kriteria Baik. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berbasis kearifan lokal anyaman Nyiru yang dikembangkan valid sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber belajar dalam kegiatan pembelajaran fisika di sekolah.
Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati dan Sengon sebagai Bahan Dasar Penghasil Gula Reduksi
Authors: Leto Kristina Tresia
Published: August 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan gula reduksi dengan memanfaatkan serbuk gergaji dari kayu Jati dan kayu Sengon. Gula reduksi yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai reduktor pada pengolahan bijih Mangan. Penambahan reduktor bertujuan untuk mengubah Mn (IV) yang tidak larut dalam asam menjadi Mn (II) yang larut dalam asam. Proses penelitian dilakukan melalui 4 tahapan, yaitu penghilangan air, delignifikasi, hidrolisis selulosa dan penentuan kadar gula reduksi hasil hidrolisis. Serbuk gergaji kayu Jati memiliki kadar air sebesar 1,65% sedangkan kayu Sengon 1,75%. Selanjutnya, dilakukan proses delignifikasi dengan NaOH 0,1 M selama 2 jam dengan suhu 55°C, diperoleh kadar selulosa serbuk gergaji kayu Jati sebesar 77,6% sedangkan kayu Sengon 83,0%. Proses hidrolisis menggunakan H2SO4 12% pada suhu 110°C selama 1 jam dan diperoleh kadar gula reduksi untuk serbuk gergaji kayu Jati sebesar 49,36% sedangkan kayu Sengon sebesar 38,52%.
Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa pada Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Patchwork Assessment
Authors: Buyung Buyung
Published: August 2021

Kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa masih kurang, kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa masih belum maksimal, seperti siswa kurang paham pada materi pelajaran sehingga tidak berani menyampaiakan materi saat melakukan diskusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa pada pembelajaran matematika berbasis Patchwork Assessment. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experimental). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil tes kemampuan koneksi matematis. Pembelajaran matematika berbasis Patchwork Assessment. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dokumentasi dan tes. Uji prasyarat ini meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, sedangkan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan hasil output SPSS diperoleh nilai signifikan = 0.012, karena nilai signifikan 0.012 < 0.05, maka diperoleh bahwa rata-rata kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa pada kelas dengan pembelajaran matematika berbasis patchwork assessment lebih baik daripada kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa pada kelas kontrol.
Diversification Strategy and Good Governance: Does It Affect Firm’s Leverage?
Authors: Nahda Katiya , Rahmadana Azaria Lionara
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to analyze whether firm diversification affects firm leverage in developing countries. This research model is based on the agency theory view that focuses on diversification in leverage through good governance mechanisms. The data comes from 43 companies from 215 observation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014–2018 period, supporting the co-insurance hypothesis; our findings suggest a positive effect of diversification on debt levels. Our findings show that cost advantages occur in diversified firms, including higher debt ratios in the firm’s capital structure. These effects are more substantial when firms have better corporate governance. These findings add value to the existing literature on the relationship between firm diversification, corporate management, and leverage and can be helpful for managers and policy-makers regarding the evaluation of diversification strategy and corporate governance implementations in Indonesia that has been widely studied.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5758
Market Structure, Income Diversity, and Stability: Empirical Study of Banking Industry Indonesia
Authors: Ganefi Hadi Satria , Ermawati Wita Juwita , Hakim Dedi Budiman
Published: August 2021

Banking as an intermediary institution has an essential role in the world of economy. Apart from providing financing to the real sector, banks currently still dominate the Indonesian financial system with an asset share of 77.25%. Based on the existing conditions, Indonesia's banking market is still dominated by several banks, especially in the BUKU 4 bank group. This is to indicate a bank of Indonesia is generally still facing relatively low competition. In addition, the large concentration makes it necessary for banks to divert their main activities by diversifying into non-traditional activities in carrying out their operations. This study aims to analyze how the market competition in Indonesia during the period 2014-2019 and examine the effect of competition and diversification income on stable banks. The panzer rosse model is used to analyze the market structure; for diversification, this research uses calculations with the Herfindahl Hirshman Index while stability uses two risk measures, namely NPL and Z Score, as a proxy for stability. The results show that, in general, the banking industry is under monopolistic competition. Competition has a significant effect on stability banks as measured through NPL risk, and this research supports the competition-fragility paradigm. A meanwhile, diversification income variables have not to effect on stability.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5887
Markedly decreasing azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Germany, 2014 to 2021
Authors: Selb Regina , Buder Susanne , Dudareva Sandra , Tamminga Thalea , Bremer Viviane , Banhart Sebastian , Heuer Dagmar , Jansen Klaus
Published: August 2021

We monitored antimicrobial susceptibility developments of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany from January 2014 to May 2021. The proportion of isolates with azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations above the epidemiological cut-off increased substantially, from 1.3% in 2014 to 12.2% in 2020. Preliminary data from 2021 showed a further rise (January to May: 20.7%). Therefore, azithromycin as part of the recommended dual therapy in Germany for non-adherent patients is challenged. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical practice is crucial and continuous susceptibility surveillance indispensable.
Efficiency of pre-planting treatment of potato tubers against the background of high indicators of the presence of harmful organisms
Authors: Smuk Vasily Vasilyevich , Shpanev Alexander Mikhailovich
Published: August 2021

We present the results of long-term studies on evaluating the effectiveness of pre-planting treatment of tubers with modern insectofungicides – Prestige, KS, Celest Top, KS and Emesto Quantum, KS – in protecting potatoes in the conditions of high levels of the presence of harmful organisms in seed material and soil in the North-West Russia. The infestation of planting tubers rhizoctonia disease varied from year to year within the range of 24,4–74,0 %, the intensity of the infestation — within the range of 6,0–16,1 %. The density of the larvae of click beetles in the experimental fields at the time of the spring cultivation ranged from 15 to 81 ind./m2 in different years. High efficiency (62,8–99,0 %) of these insectofungicides in reducing the infestation of new crop tubers rhizoctonia disease was established. The highest protective effect was achieved by using the Emesto Quantum, KS (98,5–99,0 %). The effect of the insecticides against the larvae of click beetles, with their high abundance in potato plantings, was weak (8,5–36,2 %), but significant (42,9–100 %) with respect to a decrease in the proportion of heavily damaged tubers. The overall economic effect of processing planting material with Prestige, KS was 28,4 center/ha (8,6 %), Celest Top, KS – 47,8 center/ha (15,3 %), Emesto Quantum, KS – 15,4 center/ha (5,3 %).
Prospects for the development of fish farming and paid fishing in the urban agglomeration
Authors: Vasiliev Alexey Alekseevich , Rudnev Maxim Yurevich , Rudneva Oksana Nikolaevna
Published: August 2021

The article presents the resource base of the internal reservoirs of the Russian Federation. The relevance of recreation in Russia is considered. The risks inherent in this area are presented. There are organizations that provide a range of services to people who are passionate about fishing. The advantages of opening a fish reservoir for fishing are considered. The project of organizing a recreation area on the territory of the agricultural center is calculated. Performance indicators of the service provided are presented.
Information support for forecasting the flooding of Left bank territories of the Saratov region
Authors: Korsak Victor Vladislavovich , Kravchuk Alexey Vladimirovich , Prokopets Roman Viktorovich , Mityureva Olga Nikolaevna , Shorikov Yuri Alekseevich
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of research on the creation of information support for predicting flooding of the territories of the Saratov Left Bank region, which includes a database of data necessary for calculations, consisting of 14 relational files, including reference books, normative files and files of  source data; algorithms and computer programs forecasting. Flooding boundaries vectorization is carried out in the QGIS environment based on the exported forecast results and digital elevation model. Development and implementation of the proposed information support will provide a improvement in the quality of forecasts and will pay off in 4 years of operation.
New variety of soft winter wheat Alyonushka
Authors: Kosenko Svetlana Valentinovna
Published: August 2021

The article presents the main methods of creating and the results of studying a new variety of winter soft wheat Alyonushka. The variety was created at the FSBRI OP Penza Research Institute of Agriculture by the method of intraspecific hybridization of varieties with subsequent individual selection from the hybrid population F3 Kazanskaya 237 // Moshinskaya 2 / Zolushka. The characteristics of the new variety are given according to the most important economically valuable traits and properties. The new variety Alyonushka in terms of grain yield and the elements composing it, during the years of research (2015–2018), significantly exceeded the standard variety Fotinya. The average increase in grain to the standard for these years was 0.78 t / ha. The high yield of the new variety is formed due to the high mass of 1000 grains, the number and weight of grain per spike. It has high winter hardiness (88% on average), high lodging resistance (9 points) and grain quality at the level of valuable wheat. The new variety Alyonushka stably forms a completed grain (grain nature is 756-797 g / l), the content of crude protein in the grain is 14.8-16.2%, gluten is 28.2-30.2% with a gluten quality of 50-85 units. ... IDK (I-II group), baking strength of flour - 296 units, volumetric yield of bread from 100 g of flour - 780 cm3, overall assessment of bread - 4.7 points. The economic efficiency of cultivation of the Alyonushka variety in comparison with the Fotinya standard was 3780 rubles / ha. The profitability level of the new variety was 135%, which is 21% higher than that of the standard.
Identification of the photosynthetic potential of spring oat varieties in the Lower Volga Re-gion
Authors: Naumova Nina Alekseevna
Published: August 2021

In 2017-2019, in the agro-climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region, the experience of studying spring oat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of VIR was laid, in order to determine their photosynthetic potential, and to identify varieties with high photosynthetic productivity. Over the years of research, the most adapted varieties of this crop were selected, their photosynthetic potential was determined, and the intensity of photosynthesis during the reproductive period of development (during the main growth phases) of spring oats in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was analyzed. On average, for 3 years of studying the collection varieties of spring oats in terms of the net productivity of photosynthesis, samples were noted: Myrtle, Athlete, Urs guara, Urs penca, p. 1. 3326 It was determined that with the growth of (FP) and (BPF), the yield of oats also increased. Since this indicator directly depends on the physiological and bioclimatic processes occurring in plants during ontogenesis. In the highest yield in 2017, it varied from 0.66 to 2.01 / ha. In 2018, the minimum yield values for all varieties were obtained from 0.51 t / ha of the Dookie 10 variety to 1.78 t / ha of the Mir variety. In the conditions of 2019, the yield variability by variety was from 0.60 t / ha to 1.94 t / ha. Thus, out of the 8 studied varieties, 5 were identified - p.1. 3326, Guara Urs, Urs foam, Athlete, Myrtle, as highly productive, and therefore the most resistant to abiotic stresses of the conditions of the Lower Volga region.
Grain quality of winter triticale varieties selected by the Samara Research Institute of Agri-cultural Sciences
Authors: Goryanina Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Makushin Andrey Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of studies to identify the influence of abiotic factors on the grain quality of varieties and lines of winter triticale of the Samara Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences for 2017-2020, in comparison with varieties of winter rye and wheat. The studied crops were cultivated in the fields of the institute, located in the black earth steppe of the Middle Volga region. Technological properties were determined in the laboratory of the technical and analytical service of the Samara NIISH and at the Faculty of Technology of the Samara State Agrarian University according to standard generally accepted methods. The data obtained indicate a higher productivity of modern triticale varieties, compared to rye and wheat. In terms of grain quality, these varieties and lines are superior to winter rye varieties and are not inferior to wheat. On average, over 4 years, the content of HAC in triticale varieties was (1.09-1.51 mp · S), with a variation by year, depending on climatic conditions from 0.90-1.53 mp · S in 2017 to 1.01-1.59 mp · S in 2018. It was revealed that the varieties Krokha and Arcturus were distinguished by the fat content of 1.81-1.85 %, the variety Spika and liniya 9385-4/14 1,72-1,75% – by ash content. In terms of the content of almost all amino acids, the grain of the 830-4/13 line was superior to the rest of the studied samples. The amount of protein in the grain varied from 11.7 to 15.6% over the years, and fat from 0.61 to 2.55%. A high yield relationship was observed with the content of pentosans r=-0.82±0.08, arginine r=-0.72±0.12, with the mass of 1000 grains r=0.67±0.14, histizine r=0.61±0.16, leucine r=-0.69±0.13, sodium content r=0.86±0.06, and depended on the amount of precipitation in April r=0.81±0.08. The necessity of analyzing the amino acid composition of triticale grain to determine its biological value is justified
Features of obtaining metaphase chromosomes Caprovinea
Authors: Novgorodova Inna Petrovna , Iolchiev Bailar Sadraddin ogly , Klenovitskiy Pavel Mikhailovich , Prytkov Yuriy Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2021

Obtaining cultures of lymphocyte cells for studying of animal karyotypes is an easily accessible, relatively cheap method and allows obtaining results in a short time. We optimized the usual method with corrected  some adjustments to the protocol to obtain metaphase plates of chromosomes of various animal species of good quality. At the same time, such criteria as the use of different media for the cultivation of blood cell cultures and the possibility of using them in different species of animals were taken into account. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein in goats (n=15), sheep (n=30) and round (n=1). The cell culture was cultivated for 72 h; colchicine was added for 70 h in an amount of 0.5 ?l / ml. The study used nutrient media such as DMEM (Dulbecco?s Modified Eagle?s Medium) и RPMI 1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) and mitogens phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A in different concentrations. Optimal parameters for the preparation of metaphase plates with good chromosome distribution were obtained using RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with dry L-glutamine and the simultaneous use of mitogens such as conconavalin and PHA (phytohemagglutinin). The number of plates of good quality when obtaining a culture of lymphocyte cells, depending on the type of animals, ranged from 2.17 to 6.52% in sheep, 33.3-66.7% in goats, and reached 100% in tur. The modified technique made it possible to reduce the loss of cells during the preparation of chromosome preparations. Thus, the results of our study show that the growth and division of lymphocyte cells isolated from the peripheral blood of farm animals depends on the composition of the environment and the species characteristics of the animals.
Inspection of hydraulic structures of the Akhmato-Lavrovsky reservoir of the Krasnokutsk municipal district of the Saratov region in the assessment of their safety
Authors: Abdrazakov Fyarid Kinzhaevich , Mikheeva Olga Valentinovna
Published: August 2021

A survey of the hydraulic structures of the Akhmato-Lavrovsky reservoir of the Krasnokutsk municipal district of the Saratov region was carried out in assessing their safety. Defects of structures and recommendations for their elimination are considered.
Heat and mass transfer in the grain under variable conditions
Authors: Zagoruiko Mikhail Gennadievich , Marin Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2021

The article describes the drying process in the formulation of the internal problem, the main equations of internal heat and mass transfer of potentials are considered. The process of removing moisture from the surface of the grain, which is determined by the transfer of moisture and the diffusion-convective transfer of heat and moisture through the boundary layer, is studied. The movement of heat in the boundary layer was determined by the molecular thermal conductivity. It is established that the speed of the drying process depends on the rate of removal of water vapor from the surface of the grain. It was found that the change in the quality of the seed material did not depend on the absolute removal of moisture. The first drying period is shown, when the temperature of the grain surface rises from the temperature of the adiabatic air saturation, when the drying agent at the boundary of the grain surface is saturated with water vapor, and the drying speed depends on the speed of their removal from the evaporation surface. At this point, the moisture evaporated, the vapors were removed by the drying agent. At the initial moment, the movement of the evaporation line did not occur, but then it was fixed inside the grain. In the course of research, the process of removing moisture from the seeds is fast, but it has little effect on their quality. The removal of grain moisture reached up to 3 % from the upper layers of the seeds, which did not affect their quality. An analytical expression is considered for calculating the heat transfer coefficient and the drying agent velocity, taking into account the allowed moisture content, as well as the heat flux density. The permissible speed of the drying agent in a dense layer of grain is determined, which depends on the height of the layer, the specific surface of the grain, its temperature and the proportion of heat supplied to heat the material. For drying conditions typical for grain dryers, the drying speed should not exceed 0.6 m/s.
Inclusión educativa en contextos de educación superior. Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Villalobos Saldivia Irene
Published: August 2021

El artículo es una revisión narrativa cuyo objetivo es identificar y analizar las investigaciones publicadas durante la última década con relación a la educación inclusiva en contextos de educación superior. Se emplea la técnica de análisis temático a los artículos seleccionados de Clarivate, Web of Science, Scopus, Ebsco, Scielo, y Redalyc. Los resultados se agrupan en: 1. Actores educativos, 2. Grupo disidente o grupo sujeto de vulneración de derechos y, 3. Principales hallazgos.

Las investigaciones se centran en estudiantes con discapacidad y en acciones de promoción para el acceso y permanencia en la educación. Los estudios son en su mayoría cualitativos, que dan cuenta de las experiencias y percepciones que tienen las y los estudiantes en su proceso formativo. Se concluye desarrollar un enfoque holístico que amplíe la mirada a toda la comunidad educativa en el abordaje de la educación inclusiva.
An Experimental Infective Endocarditis Model in Rats
Authors: KÖSE Şükran , TATLI KIŞ Tuba , YILMAZ Canberk , KIŞ Mehmet , BARIŞ Mustafa Mahmut , DİNİZ Gülden , YILMAZ Osman
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: Infective endocarditis (IE) is defined as infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. Updates are needed in the diagnosis and treatment of IE, as well as in animal models of IE. Based on this need, a new model of infective endocarditis induced by S. aureus was described in our study.

METHODS: This study was performed on 7 Wistar albino male rats, each aged six months and weighing 250-300 g. Underwent the surgical implantation of a 20 G catheter, to gain access to right common carotid artery. Twenty-four hours after implantation, 0.5 ml 100.000 colony forming unit (cfu) of S. aureus was injected via the tail vein and 3 days later echocardiography was performed and rats subsequently sacrificed. IE was later diagnosed histopathologically.

RESULTS: Two of the rats were exitus one day after S. auerus was given. The mortality rate of the experiment was 28.5%. Histopathological examination revealed vegetations and bacterial colonization were detected in the endocardium in all rats that protruded from the endocardium to the cardiac cavity.

CONCLUSION: Our study is the first study in the literature to identify the IE rat model using the 20 G catheter. Due to the practical application of the surgical procedure (use of 20 G catheter) in our study, we think that it will provide much convenience to the researchers in the experimental research on IE diagnosis and treatment.
Features of management of anemia in pregnant women who have recovered from COVID-19
Authors: Zhuk S.I. , Lobastova T.V. , Taran O.A.
Published: August 2021

The article provides the definition of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), discusses the mechanisms of influence of iron deficiency during pregnancy, as well as the main reasons for the development of IDA in the practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist, accompanied by a significant increase in the physiological need for iron. Methods for the correction and prevention of iron deficiency are described, and differences in the absorption of heme and non-heme iron are indicated.Also, this article reveals the advantages of prevention and dietary correction of iron deficiency states using a combination of heme iron and ferrous sulfate - Richter FerroBio.
Combined drugs in local therapy of infectious vulvovaginitis are a priority area of ​​today
Authors: Mamchur V.I. , Dronov S.M.
Published: August 2021

One of the key and strategically important problems of modern gynecology both around the world and in Ukraine is infectious and inflammatory diseases (IVD) of the lower genital tract: according to various estimates, back in the 90s of the last century, this diagnosis was made in about 40 % of patients in gynecological hospitals. Over the first decade of the 21st century, the incidence rate of genital IVI increased 1.4 times in 18–24-year-old patients, and 1.8 times in 25–29-year-old patients. At the same time, the costs of diagnostics and treatment have increased, which reach 50-60% of all costs for the provision of gynecological care to the population.In the structure of gynecological morbidity, the indicator of the number of patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genital area continues to occupy a leading position in terms of frequency in the population, amounting to 60.4-65.0%, however, information from different authors regarding their true prevalence is very contradictory. So, according to the materials of the 33rd European Congress of the International Union against for Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI-Europe), bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs in 12-80% of women, vulvovaginal candidiasis – VVC (at least one episode in life) - in 75%, aerobic vaginitis (AV) – in 15-25% [8]. According to other authors, the prevalence of BV is 24-30%, VVC – 9.7-11.7%, nonspecific (aerobic) vaginitis – 5.0-23.7%.Combined drugs Neo-Penotran® Forte and Gainomax have a high safety profile, which is due to the unique features of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of their components. This determines the advantages in the speed of bactericidal action over other antibacterial and antimycotic agents. These drugs are highly effective in the local treatment of BV and vulvovaginal infections, reaching 98.5% in some nosologies.The effectiveness and safety of the use of Neo-Penotran® Forte and Gainomax in the treatment of infections of the female genital area served as the basis for their inclusion in standard treatment regimens according to indications, and their use is regulated by the normative documents of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.
Scientific approaches to preserving the health of the population in the Siberian Federal District (45-year experience of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases)
Authors: Mikhailova Nadezhda N.
Published: August 2021

The article presents a retrospective of the main directions of research on the preservation of the health of the population and labor resources of the Siberian Federal District based on the long-term work of the Scientific Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in Novokuznetsk. There is the ecological and hygienic definition and justification of optimal human life conditions; the development and implementation of methods for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of occupational, production-related, and general diseases; planning the strategy of medical services and organizations in the management of healthcare, taking into account the peculiarities of population reproduction, the specifics of working conditions and socio-economic development of regions.
Factors that determine the professional longevity of researchers
Authors: Allenov Andrey M. , Vasilyeva Tatyana P. , Starostin Ivan V. , Makarova Ekaterina V. , Vorobeva Anna V.
Published: August 2021

The study aims to assess the characteristics of health, psychological status, lifestyle, social and living conditions as factors affecting the professional success of researchers. We used content analysis of literary data and the method of expert assessments. The factors that have a high impact on the professional success of researchers include age, quality of life, premature aging, cognitive load and activity, emotional status, physical inactivity. Among the average significant factors are job satisfaction, childbearing, educational growth, stress resistance, career growth, work on the household farm, medical responsibility, material security, corporate and family health-saving environment, lifestyle, personal qualities, psycho-psychological, information and energy loads, emotional stress, academic title, intellectual activity cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alternation of physical and mental work (change of mono-load to complex). It is necessary to study further the factors that determine the success of the professional activity of researchers. There is a significant number of problems and many negative aspects associated with scientific training. According to the agreed opinion of experts, there are priority ranking places by such problems as in the first place - a decrease in cognitive functions; in the second place - a reduction in the effectiveness of scientific activity and premature aging; in the third place - the presence of low medical responsibility; in the fourth place - a frequent decrease in physical activity; in the fifth-place - emotional burnout, the fact of low material security, the formation of violations of psychological characteristics, premature termination of scientific activity. The factors that have a high impact on the professional success of researchers include age, quality of life, premature aging, cognitive load and activity, emotional status, physical inactivity. Among the average significant factors are job satisfaction, childbearing, educational growth, stress resistance, career growth, work on the household farm, medical responsibility, material security, corporate and family health-saving environment, lifestyle, personal qualities, psycho-psychological, information and energy loads, emotional stress, academic title, intellectual activity cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alternation of physical and mental work (change of mono-load to complex).
Differential expression of muscle pyruvate kinase in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding muscle pyruvate kinase, PKM, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. PKM expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. These data indicate that expression of PKM is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. PKM may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN MUSYAWARAH RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN (MUSREMBANG) DESA
Authors: Amulia Rhesca Anugrah
Published: August 2021

Pokok permasalahan pada penelitian ini membahas tentang Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan (Musrembang) Desa dengan melihat partisipasi masyarakat dan melihat peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan (Musrembang) Desa. Partisipasi masyarakat di Desa Manurung dalam mengikuti pelaksanaan rapatMusrembang di Desa masih kurang aktif dan masih perlu ditingkatkan karena masih banyak masyarakat yang belum berpartisipasi dan terlibat langsung dalam proses pembuatan perencanaan program pembangunan yang akan dilaksanakan disetiap tahunnya. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakatdalam mengikuti pelaksanaan Musrembang kedepannya adalah dengan cara melibatkan masyarakat dalam proses perencanaan program pembangunan, melibatkan masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan program pembangunan, menggerakkan partisipasi melalui lembaga yang dikenal oleh masyarakat, melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengawasan pelaksanaan program pembangunan dan mengajak masyarakat untuk bergotong royong.
Differential expression of endothelin converting enzyme 2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding endothelin converting enzyme 2, ECE2, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. ECE2 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. ECE2 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of ECE2 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. ECE2 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
A Computational View on the Nature of Reward and Value in Anhedonia
Authors: Browning Michael , Huys Quentin JM
Published: August 2021

Anhedonia—a common feature of depression—encompasses a reduction in the subjective experience and anticipation of rewarding events, and a reduction in the motivation to seek out such events. The presence of anhedonia often predicts or accompanies treatment resistance, and as such better interventions and treatments are important. Yet the mechanisms giving rise to anhedonia are not well-understood. In this chapter, we briefly review existing computational conceptualisations of anhedonia. We argue that they are mostly descriptive and fail to provide anexplanatory account of why anhedonia may occur. Working within the framework of reinforcement learning, we examine two potential computational mechanisms that could give rise to anhedonic phenomena. First, we show how anhedonia can arise in multidimensional drive reduction settings through a trade-off between different rewards or needs. We then generalize this in terms of model-based value inference and identify a key role for associational belief structure. We close with a brief discussion of treatment implications of both of these conceptualisations. Insummary, computational accounts of anhedonia have provided a useful descriptive framework. Recent advances in reinforcement learning suggest promising avenues by which the mechanisms underlying anhedonia may be teased apart, potentially motivating novel approaches to treatment.
Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult vs. Child Faces
Authors: Faghel-Soubeyrand Simon , Kloess Juliane A. , Gosselin Frédéric , Charest Ian , Woodhams Jessica
Published: August 2021

Knowing how humans differentiate children from adults has useful implications in many areas of both forensic and cognitive psychology. Yet, how we extract age from faces has been surprisingly underexplored in both disciplines. Here, we used a novel data-driven experimental technique to objectively measure the facial features human observers use to categorise child and adult faces. Relying on more than 35,000 trials, we used a reverse correlation technique that enabled us to reveal how specific features which are known to be important in face-perception––position, spatial-frequency (granularity), and orientation––are associated with accurate child and adult discrimination. This showed that human observers relied on evidence in the nasal bone and eyebrow area for accurate adult categorisation, while they relied on the eye and jawline area to accurately categorise child faces. For orientation structure, only facial information of vertical orientation was linked to face-adult categorisation, while features of horizontal and, to a lesser extent oblique orientations, were more diagnostic of a child face. Finally, we found that spatial-frequency (SF) diagnosticity showed a U-shaped pattern for face-age categorisation, with facial information in low and high spatial frequencies being diagnostic of child faces, and mid spatial frequencies being diagnostic of adult faces. Through this first characterisation of the facial features of face-age categorisation, we show that important face information found in psychophysical studies of face-perception in general (i.e. the eye area, the horizontals, and mid-level SFs) are crucial to the practical context of face-age categorisation, and present data-driven procedures through which face-age classification training could be implemented for real world challenges.
Assessing bidirectional relations between infant temperamental negative affect, maternal anxiety symptoms and infant affect-biased attention across the first 24-months of life
Authors: Vallorani Alicia , Gunther Kelley , Anaya Berenice , Burris Jessica L. , Field Andy Peter , LoBue Vanessa , Buss Kristin A. , Perez-Edgar Koraly
Published: August 2021

Developmental theories suggest affect-biased attention, preferential attention to emotionally salient stimuli, emerges during infancy through coordinating individual differences. Here we examined bidirectional relations between infant affect-biased attention, temperamental negative affect, and maternal anxiety symptoms. Infant-mother pairs (N = 342; 50% girls; 52% White) participated when infants were 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 12- and 18-months prospectively related to greater rigidity in attention to angry facial configurations. Greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 18-months prospectively related to greater rigidity in attention to happy facial configurations. Finally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 4- and 12-months prospectively related to greater rigidity in infant negative affect. These results suggest that environmental uncertainty, linked to fluctuating maternal anxiety, may shape early socioemotional development.