bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Responses Through Ultrafast Anharmonic Vibrational Coupling Via a Multi-THz Pump Bandwidth
Authors: Alejandro Aldair , Jensen Emma E. , Sevy Eric T. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: January 2023

We use first-principles calculations to model multi-THz excitation and ultrafast coherent energy flow between vibrational degrees of freedom in gas-phase fluorobenzene. We determined the role of anharmonic coupling and mode symmetry in intramolecular energy transfer.
Hybrid Probabilistic and Geometrical Shaping Technique for High-Order QAM in Phase Noise Channels
Authors: Troncoso-Costas Marcos , Ellis Andrew , Browning Colm , Diaz-Otero Francisco , Barry Liam
Published: January 2023

We propose a geometrical shaping technique suitable for hybrid constellation shaping. This technique is compatible with Gray coding and increases the mutual information over a phase noise channel for different modulation formats up to 1024-QAM.
Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Confinement Loss in Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fibers
Authors: Chen Ruifeng , Ye Feng , Wang Zimiao , Huang Jiayao , Li Qian
Published: January 2023

We present a modified genetic algorithm method to optimize the confinement loss of the seven tube anti-resonant hollow-core fiber, which provides a remarkable confinement loss optimized ratio of 23.61% at 1550 nm.
Field propagation method in a square core optical waveguide for designing multimode interference devices
Authors: Srivastava K. , Bhatia N.
Published: January 2023

We provide a method for obtaining the propagating fields inside a square core optical waveguide using the mode propagation method of planar structures.
Birefringence Management In Hybrid Lithium Niobate On Insulator Waveguides
Authors: Sain Priyank , Hegde Gopalkrishna , Talabattula Srinivas
Published: January 2023

A comparative analysis on the birefringence behavior in the newly emerging hybrid Si3N4 - LNOI and proposed Si3N4 - TiO2 – LNOI platform is performed. The condition for zero and high birefringence has been established in the study for the X cut Y propagating LNOI configuration.
Selective Mode Conversions in a Dual Core Optical Fiber Hosting Multiple Exceptional Points
Authors: Roy Arpan , Dey Sibnath , Laha Arnab , Biswas Abhijit , Ghosh Somnath
Published: January 2023

We report a gain-loss assisted multi-moded dual-core optical fiber, where judicious one to one interactions among multiple coupled modes are investigated toward exploring selective mode conversion phenomenon assisted by parametrically encircled multiple exceptional points.
Effect of Light Source Motion on Photoacoustic Image Quality and Safety
Authors: Arroyo Junior , Graham Michelle T. , Gonzalez Eduardo A. , Zhao Lingyi , Lediju Bell Muyinatu A.
Published: January 2023

Subtle displacement of a light source during photoacoustic imaging reduces possible tissue damage relative to a stationary source, without degrading image quality, which is promising for laser-safe photoacoustic-guided surgery.
High-Speed Optical Microscopy Imaging of a Large Number of Spots of Tissue Samples and Detection of Cancer Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh , Alrubayan Mousa , Pradhan Prabhakar
Published: January 2023

A high-speed mesoscopic imaging of cancer tissues along with the use of advanced machine learning shows a promising result in the detection and identification of cancer’s stages.
Analysis of pre-processing methods for lossless compression of multi‑component medical images based on latent variable models
Authors: Su Changqing , Liu Tianqiang , Chen Chuqiao , Wang Hongkui , Hu Ji , Zhou You , Xiong Bo , Cao Xun
Published: January 2023

Since the lossless image compression based on hierarchical latent variable models requires proper image pre-processing, we analyze the performance of different pre-processing methods to guide the training of the model for multi‑component medical images.
High-Q Optical Microcavity Arrays for Resonant Programmable Metasurfaces and Sensors
Authors: Panuski Christopher
Published: January 2023

Combining our advances in inverse design, wafer-scale photonic crystal fabrication, structured-laser-based resonator trimming, and all-optical control enables recordperformance microcavity arrays for nanosecond-, femtojoule-class programmable metasurfaces and sensors operating at the fundamental thermal noise limit.
Thin-film Lithium Niobate Laser Integration
Authors: Shams-Ansari Amirhassan
Published: January 2023

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is a promising platform for realizing high-performance on-chip optical systems. Here, I will demonstrate different strategies for integrating lasers on TFLN platform which can lead to new opportunities in telecommunication, microwave photonics, and sensing.
Measurement Capabilities of a Quantum Agent
Authors: Pang Arthur O. T. , Lupu-Gladstein Noah , Brodutch Aharon , Steinberg Aephraim M.
Published: January 2023

Classification of the quantum measurement based on correlations between a quantum memory (instead of a classical memory) and a measured quantum system results in a new class of measurement interactions. We experimentally demonstrate this with qubits.
Energy and Angular Distribution Measurements of Electron-ejection from the Focus of High-Intensity Laser Pulses
Authors: Ravichandran Smrithan , Longman Andrew , McLane Nathan , He Calvin , Lera Roberto , Huault Marine , Manzo Lili , Tiscareno German , Hanggi David , Spingola Pedro , Czapla Nick , Roso Luis , Fedosejevs Robert , Hill Wendell Talbot
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate novel methods for direct detection of relativistic electrons ponderomotively ejected from the focus of high-intensity (1018 − 1021 W/cm2) laser pulses.
Nondispersing Multi-Electron Trojan-Like Wavepackets on Langmuir Type-(1) “Bulb Wire” Trajectories with vacancy defects
Authors: Kalinski Matt
Published: January 2023

Extension of the Trojan-like wave packets on the Langmuir Type-(1)-like “Bulb Wire” Helium configurations is discovered with the electrons synchronously hopping between the vertices of the regular polygons but not occupying all.
Probing Skyrmions via Coherent 3D Soft X-ray Vector Ptychography and EUV Resonant Magnetic Scattering
Authors: Binnie Iona , Gui Guan , Gentry Christian , Montoya Sergio , Fullerton Eric , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret , Liao Chen-Ting , Cating-Subramanian Emma M.
Published: January 2023

Coherent short wavelength sources enable high resolution probes of magnetic skyrmions. 3D vector ptycho tomography enables high resolution 3D static imaging of nanoscale spin textures, while ultrafast coherent EUV light enables dynamic magnetic scattering measurements.
Tunable X-ray sources based on van der Waals materials: A platform for quantum electron-photon interactions
Authors: Wong Liang Jie
Published: January 2023

We present a table-top X-ray source based whose photon energy can be dynamically varied over a wide range. Using this platform, we perform the first measurement of quantum recoil in free electron spontaneous emission.
Impulsive Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Synergistic Effects in Binary Mixture of Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Organic Co-solvent
Authors: Bhutani Garima , Yadav Vivek , Yadav Anita , De Arijit K.
Published: January 2023

In this work, synergistic effects or hydrogen bond acceptor - donor (HBA - HBD) interactions in the binary mixture of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with organic co-solvent, are investigated using impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy (ISRS).
Soil-transmitted helminth surveillance in Benin: A mixed-methods analysis of factors influencing non-participation in longitudinal surveillance activities
Authors: Murphy Emma , Togbevi Innocent Comlanvi , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Avokpaho Euripide FGA , Walson Judd L. , Means Arianna Rubin
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite the significant success of deworming programs in reducing morbidity due to soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections globally, efforts to achieve elimination of STH as a public health problem or to potentially interrupt transmission will require improving and intensifying surveillance. However, non-participation in surveillance threatens the ability of programs to adequately monitor program status and limited research has been conducted to investigate drivers of non-participation in stool-based surveillance.

Methodology/Principal findings

This mixed-methods exploratory sequential study took place in Comé, Benin in association with the DeWorm3 Project. Six focus group discussions were conducted with individuals invited to participate in annual DeWorm3 stool surveillance. Thematic analysis was used to identify facilitators and barriers to participation and inform the quantitative analysis. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was built using baseline DeWorm3 survey data to identify factors associated with non-participation. Qualitative and quantitative findings were merged for interpretation. Among the 7,039 individuals invited to participate in baseline stool surveillance, the refusal rate was 8.1%. Qualitative themes included: community members weighing community-level benefits against individual-level risks, circulating rumors about misuse of stool samples, interpersonal communication with field agents, and cultural norms around handling adult feces. The quantitative analysis demonstrated that adults were significantly less likely to provide a stool sample than school-aged children (OR:0.69, 95%CI: 0.55–0.88), a finding that converged with the qualitative results. Individuals from areas in the highest quartile of population density were more likely to refuse to participate (OR:1.71, 95%CI:1.16–2.52). Several variables linked to community-affinity aligned with qualitative results; residing mainly in the community (OR:0.36, 95%CI:0.20–0.66) and having lived in the community for more than 10 years (OR:0.82, 95%CI:0.54–1.25) decreased likelihood of refusal.

Conclusions/Significance

Optimizing STH surveillance will require that programs reimagine STH surveillance activities to address community concerns and ensure that no subpopulations are inadvertently excluded from surveillance data.
A scoping review of survey research with gender minority adolescents and youth in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Pike Isabel , Kraus-Perrotta Cara , Ngo Thoai D.
Published: January 2023

Background

Survey data that categorizes gender identity in binary terms and conflates sex and gender limits knowledge around the experience of gender minority populations, whose gender identity or expression does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth. In this review, we outline the existing survey research on the experience of a gender minority demographic for whom there is particularly limited data: adolescents and youth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods

This paper is a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles, published in English, that use survey data to examine the experience of gender minority adolescents and youth in LMICs. We conducted a search on two major databases using key terms related to gender identity, adolescence and youth, and country and region. This search yielded 385 articles. Following a team-conducted review, we retained 33 articles for the final analysis.

Results

Our review shows that surveys with adolescents and youth in LMICs are increasingly including questions and taking sampling approaches that allow gender minority populations to be visible in survey data. Surveys that do so are largely focused in upper middle-income countries (n = 24), rather than lower middle-income or low-income countries, with South East Asia a notable sub-region of focus (n = 15). Sexual health, mental health, and violence are key topics of interest. Most of the surveys rely on some form of network-driven sampling focused on sexual and/or gender minorities (n = 22). The studies vary in how they ask about gender identity, both in terms of question formulation and the answer categories that are offered, as well as the extent to which they describe the questions in the article text.

Conclusions

This review reveals a growing body of work that provides important insights into the experiences of gender minority adolescents and youth in LMICs. More studies could integrate these approaches, but it must be done in a way that is thoughtful about cultural and political context. Given the relatively nascent nature of such research, we encourage scholars to continue providing details on methodology, including around participant recruitment and the development of gender identity questions. This information would be valuable for researchers seeking to better include gender minorities and their experiences in survey research, but who might be daunted methodologically.
Factors associated with selection of targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Song Yeo-Jin , Cho Soo-Kyung , Kim Hyoungyoung , Kim Hye Won , Nam Eunwoo , Choi Chan-Bum , Kim Tae-Hwan , Jun Jae-Bum , Bae Sang-Cheol , Yoo Dae Hyun , Sung Yoon Kyoung
Published: January 2023

Objective

Deciding which drug to choose for targeted therapy is an important step in sequential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to identify factors for selecting Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) rather than biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with RA in real-world practice.

Methods

We selected RA patients starting JAKis or bDMARDs from single-center prospective cohorts in Korea. Patients were divided into JAKi, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, and non-TNF inhibitor groups. We performed multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with selecting JAKis.

Results

145, 205, and 89 patients were included in the JAKi, TNF inhibitor, and non-TNF inhibitor groups. In multinomial regression analysis, the JAKi group was older than the TNF inhibitor group (OR 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.05) but younger than the non-TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.97, CI 0.95–1.00). The JAKi group was less likely to have chronic pulmonary diseases compared with the TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.07, CI 0.01–0.56) or the non-TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.06, CI 0.01–0.50). Higher disease activity assessed by physician (OR 1.80, CI 1.51–2.38) and previous tacrolimus use (OR 2.05, CI 1.20–3.51) were factors suggesting selection of JAKis than TNF inhibitors.

Conclusion

Age, pulmonary comorbidities, previous tacrolimus use, and high disease activity assessed by physician were factors influencing the selection of JAKis for RA patients in Korea.
Structure and neutralization mechanism of a human antibody targeting a complex Epitope on Zika virus
Authors: Adams Cameron , Carbaugh Derek L. , Shu Bo , Ng Thiam-Seng , Castillo Izabella N. , Bhowmik Ryan , Segovia-Chumbez Bruno , Puhl Ana C. , Graham Stephen , Diehl Sean A. , Lazear Helen M. , Lok Shee-mei , de Silva Aravinda M. , Premkumar Lakshmanane
Published: January 2023

We currently have an incomplete understanding of why only a fraction of human antibodies that bind to flaviviruses block infection of cells. Here we define the footprint of a strongly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mAb G9E) with Zika virus (ZIKV) by both X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Flavivirus envelope (E) glycoproteins are present as homodimers on the virion surface, and G9E bound to a quaternary structure epitope spanning both E protomers forming a homodimer. As G9E mainly neutralized ZIKV by blocking a step after viral attachment to cells, we tested if the neutralization mechanism of G9E was dependent on the mAb cross-linking E molecules and blocking low-pH triggered conformational changes required for viral membrane fusion. We introduced targeted mutations to the G9E paratope to create recombinant antibodies that bound to the ZIKV envelope without cross-linking E protomers. The G9E paratope mutants that bound to a restricted epitope on one protomer poorly neutralized ZIKV compared to the wild-type mAb, demonstrating that the neutralization mechanism depended on the ability of G9E to cross-link E proteins. In cell-free low pH triggered viral fusion assay, both wild-type G9E, and epitope restricted paratope mutant G9E bound to ZIKV but only the wild-type G9E blocked fusion. We propose that, beyond antibody binding strength, the ability of human antibodies to cross-link E-proteins is a critical determinant of flavivirus neutralization potency.
Conformational diversity in purified prions produced in vitro
Authors: Walsh Daniel J. , Schwind Abigail M. , Noble Geoffrey P. , Supattapone Surachai
Published: January 2023

Prion diseases are caused by misfolding of either wild-type or mutant forms of the prion protein (PrP) into self-propagating, pathogenic conformers, collectively termed PrPSc. Both wild-type and mutant PrPSc molecules exhibit conformational diversity in vivo, but purified prions generated by the serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) technique do not display this same diversity in vitro. This discrepancy has left a gap in our understanding of how conformational diversity arises at the molecular level in both types of prions. Here, we use continuous shaking instead of sPMCA to generate conformationally diverse purified prions in vitro. Using this approach, we show for the first time that wild type prions initially seeded by different native strains can propagate as metastable PrPSc conformers with distinguishable strain properties in purified reactions containing a single active cofactor. Propagation of these metastable PrPSc conformers requires appropriate shaking conditions, and changes in these conditions cause all the different PrPSc conformers to converge irreversibly into the same single conformer as that produced in sPMCA reactions. We also use continuous shaking to show that two mutant PrP molecules with different pathogenic point mutations (D177N and E199K) adopt distinguishable PrPSc conformations in reactions containing pure protein substrate without cofactors. Unlike wild-type prions, the conformations of mutant prions appear to be dictated by substrate sequence rather than seed conformation. Overall, our studies using purified substrates in shaking reactions show that wild-type and mutant prions use fundamentally different mechanisms to generate conformational diversity at the molecular level.
Tolerance for Postponing Elections in Crisis Conditions
Authors: Plutowski Luke , Zechmeister Elizabeth J.
Published: January 2023

Election postponements occur around the world for a variety of reasons, but they became especially widespread during the Covid-19 pandemic. Little is known how the public perceives and reacts to such democratic delays. To shed light on this topic, we included a question module in the 2021 AmericasBarometer about tolerance for alterations to democracy during periods of crisis. The data reveal that tolerance for election postponements is quite high. Further, through a wording experiment, we find that the public is more willing to accept such a delay during a health emergency vis-à-vis an alternative condition (widespread violence). We contextualize these findings by comparing them with attitudes about a more extreme anti-democratic disruption: a coup d’etat by security forces. Coups are significantly less popular than election postponements, especially during a health emergency. The results improve our understanding of public appetite for authoritarianism during periods of crisis.
A körülmények hálójában – Interjú dr. Kovács Árpáddal, a költségvetési Tanács elnökével
Authors: Trautmann László , Vertetics Ádám , Kovács Árpád
Published: January 2023

A Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság Fejlődésgazdaságtani Szakosztálya interjút készített dr. Kovács Árpáddal, a Költségvetési Tanács elnökével, a Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság örökös tiszteletbeli elnökével a 2023-as költségvetésről a gazdaságpolitikai kihívások fényében. Az interjút 2022. augusztus 31-én zártuk le.
„A legjobb eszköz a befektetés” Laurent Maurin előadása a Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság Vándorgyűlésén
Authors: Balogh Attila
Published: January 2023

A vándorgyűlés nyitó plenáris ülésén előadást tartott Laurent Maurin, az Európai Beruházási Bank közgazdasági osztályának vezetője. Előadása két főbb témát járt körbe: az Európai Unió jelenlegi gazdasági helyzetét és gazdasági kihívásait – leginkább a COVID-19 és az orosz-ukrán konfliktus által beemelt problémákat és azután jelentkező trendeket – illetve az Unió hosszú távú küldetését, a digitalizációt.
Napjaink nagy trilemmája : beszámoló az MKT Agrárszakosztályának rendezvényéről
Authors: Nyolczas József Máté
Published: January 2023

A 60. közgazdász-vándorgyűlés agrárgazdasági szekciójának, „Az élelmiszerellátás biztonsága Magyarországon és Európában” című kerekasztal beszélgetés bevezető előadását Farkas Sándor, az Agrárminisztérium parlamenti államtitkára tartotta. Az agrárium (Agrárminisztérium) a 2022-es évvel kezdődően a kereskedelem és élelmiszeripar ágazatok irányítását kapta meg a mezőgazdaság mellett. Az új feladatokhoz új célok is kellenek. Farkas Sándor kiemelte, hogy az elsődleges céljuk: megfelelő mennyiségű, minőségű és biztonságos élelmiszer előállítása 20-25 millió embernek. A miniszterhelyettes úr kitért az évtizedek óta kimagasló mezőgazdasági exportbevételek drámai csökkenésére is az idei évben, amit az aszály hatásaival magyarázott.
Az energiaipari tranzíció akadályai
Authors: Füredi Anita
Published: January 2023

A támogatási keretrendszer kialakításának kihívásai az alacsony és közepes jövedelmű országok vonatkozásában energetikai területen Sarthak Sharma: Energy Transition Hurdles – Framing Development Assistance for LMICs in the Energy Domain Eredetileg megjelent: Center for Strategic & International Studies 2022
Neoantigens:
Authors: Nandi Amartya
Published: January 2023

The expression of non-synonymous mutations can result in the production of neoantigens, which are tumor-specific antigens. Neoantigens, or tumor-specific antigens, can be produced as a result of the expression of non-synonymous mutations.

A considerable number of mutations frequently appear as a result of the genetic instability of tumour cells. Neoantigens are extremely immunogenic because they are not expressed in normal tissues. They can stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to generate an immune response, making them potential novel targets for tumour immunotherapy. The development of bioinformatics technologies has accelerated the discovery of neoantigens. The majority of the time, whole-exome sequencing technology is combined with different algorithms to determine and predict the immunogenicity of neoantigens or the affinity of neoantigens to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs).

We discussed the most recent advances in the classification of immunotherapy, as well as the procedure for detecting, classifying, and synthesising tumor-specific neoantigens and their role in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The prospective uses of neoantigens and current problems were then discussed. Tumor cells' inherent genomic instability enables the expression of atypical and novel tumour antigens, which may be used as targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Curative Management After Endoscopic Resection for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invading Muscularis Mucosa or Shallow Submucosal Layer–Multicenter Real-World Survey in Japan
Authors: Katada Chikatoshi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Hirasawa Dai , Iizuka Toshiro , Kikuchi Daisuke , Yano Tomonori , Hombu Takuya , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Ono Hiroyuki , Yabuuchi Yohei , Terai Shuji , Hashimoto Satoru , Takahashi Kazuya , Tanaka Shinji , Urabe Yuji , Arima Miwako , Tanabe Satoshi , Wada Takuya , Furue Yasuaki , Oyama Tsuneo , Takahashi Akiko , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Muto Manabu
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Curative management after endoscopic resection (ER) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which invades the muscularis mucosa (pMM-ESCC) or shallow submucosal layer (pSM1-ESCC), has been controversial.

METHODS:

We identified patients with pMM-ESCC and pSM1-ESCC treated by ER. Outcomes were the predictive factors for regional lymph node and distant recurrence, and survival data were based on the depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and additional treatment immediately after ER.

RESULTS:

A total of 992 patients with pMM-ESCC (n = 749) and pSM1-ESCC (n = 243) were registered. According to the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, pSM1-ESCC (hazard ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.15–3.07, P = 0.012) and LVI (hazard ratio = 6.92, 95% confidence interval 4.09–11.7, P < 0.0001) were associated with a risk of regional lymph node and distant recurrence. In the median follow-up period of 58.6 months (range 1–233), among patients with risk factors (pMM-ESCC with LVI or pSM1-ESCC), the 5-year overall survival rates, relapse-free survival rates, and cause-specific survival rates of patients with additional treatment were significantly better than those of patients without additional treatment; 85.4% vs 61.5% (P < 0.0001), 80.5% vs 53.3% (P < 0.0001), and 98.5% vs 93.1% (P = 0.004), respectively. There was no difference in survival rate between the chemoradiotherapy and surgery groups.

DISCUSSION:

pSM1 and LVI were risk factors for metastasis after ER for ESCC. To improve the survival, additional treatment immediately after ER, such as chemoradiotherapy or surgery, is effective in patients with these risk factors.
“It Seems Like a Chore”: A Qualitative Analysis of Faculty and Student Perceptions of Global Learning in the Core
Authors: Reinke Amanda , Butler Scott
Published: January 2023

Mechanisms supporting global learning and global citizenship continue to be incorporated as curricular and co-curricular components of undergraduate education in the United States. Global learning promotes critical thinking and problem-solving and intercultural competency – skills that studies find are highly prized among employers. However, few studies have investigated faculty and student perceptions of global learning where it has been implemented in core educational curricula. In this article, the authors present findings from a qualitative study of a general education global learning curricular requirement at a liberal arts university in the southeastern US. Utilizing student focus groups and faculty interviews, the authors conclude that, while attitudes of global learning are high and it is deemed an important part of education by both students and faculty, the institutional barriers and challenges to teaching and learning in this area are difficult to overcome.
DETERMINATION OF THE SHEAR FORCE OF HIGH-COERCIVE PERMANENT MAGNETS WITH A MAGNET WIDTH LESS THAN ITS THICKNESS
Authors: Krasilʼnikov A. Ya. , Krasilʼnikov A. A. , Taranov D. V.
Published: January 2023

The possibility of applying a standard method for calculating the shear force for highly coercive samarium–cobalt permanent magnets in a magnetic system with a magnet width less than its thickness by more than two times is considered. Based on the results of the study correction coefficients were introduced into the methodology for calculating the shear force in a magnetic system with such type magnets, depending on the air gap between them. Using the obtained mathematical expression, it is possible to calculate the shear force of permanent magnets in a magnetic system at the stage of design development of hermetic equipment when using magnets of 2.57 (width) × 30 (length) × 8 (thickness) mm size and an air gap between them from 1 to 4 mm.
ABOUT RATIONAL CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF MACHINING STEPS IN THE MACHINE PARTS MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
Authors: Kondakov A. L.
Published: January 2023

One of the fundamental principles of the construction of technological operations is the principle of their concentration. The number of machining steps included in the operation determines its level of concentration. Currently, there is no methodically justified approach to determining the appropriate concentration levels of each of the operations that are part of the route technological processes for manufacturing parts. The concentration level of machining steps in the operations of the same technological process may be different. The choice of the most appropriate concentration level of machining steps can be made by selecting options for constructing the technological process according to the criteria proposed in the presented work.
ENERGY COSTS WHEN MOVING TWO LINKS OF VARIABLE LENGTH OF THE SUPPORTING LEG OF THE EXOSKELETON
Authors: Blinov A. O. , Borisov A. V. , Borisova V. L. , Volkova Yu. E. , Konchina L. V. , Maslakov O. V.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses a spatial model of two links of variable length of an active exoskeleton that simulate a supporting leg. The variable length link has the following construction. Two sections of constant length are located at the ends of the link. They are assumed to have mass. Between them, in the vicinity of the center of the link, there is a section of variable length. It is assumed to be weightless. On a weightless section, there is a drive that provides a controlled change in the length of the link when a person moves in an exoskeleton. Drives are installed in each hinge, providing the necessary turns with the relative rotational movement of the links. The difference between the proposed model and the previously studied ones lies in the use of the angles between the links, which corresponds to the real operation of electric drives. The paths of the links are set kinematically. The control forces are determined in the model from the compiled system of differential equations of motion. The calculation of energy consumption during the single-support phase of movement for one step is carried out. The application of the proposed model in the form of two links of variable length of the active exoskeleton can be found when selecting a battery for the autonomous operation of the exoskeleton.
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF A VIRTUAL MODEL OF A LIGHT-SIGNAL DEVICE
Authors: Gorbunov A. A. , Karyakina S. S. , Mikaeva S. A.
Published: January 2023

Lighting devices form reliable information about the environment, directly observed, as well as perceived in order to orientate in it or be ready for action in a given situation. The objects of study are various luminous points, as well as self-luminous or well-lit figures, both individually and in combinations, formed by special optical devices and lighting devices. Based on the experience of operating lighting devices and with the support of emerging new technical means and ideas, adjustments and improvements are being made and will be made to existing solutions. The characteristics of a sample of a light signaling device of the ZOM–75W–AV type with an incandescent lamp manufactured by Bellight with a power of 75 W were studied. Based on the obtained experimental data, a virtual 3D model of a light-signaling device based on LEDs was developed.
COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AT INITIAL DEFORMATION BY FREE BACK EXTRUSION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Lebedeva D. A.
Published: January 2023

The methodology for calculating the energy-force and deformation parameters of the process of free back extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom is presented. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is considered. In the latter case, the account of the hardening of the extruded material is described in detail. The above formulas allow us to determine such important parameters of the stamping process as total and specific deforming force, maximum pressure on the die wall, and an increase in the yield stress.
COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE CHANGE IN FORCE DURING EXTRUSION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Lebedeva D. A.
Published: January 2023

Methods for calculating the change in force during the extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom are presented. The extrusion of the hardening material is considered. The construction of the graphs of the change in the deforming force along the course is described in detail for the cases of extrusion, planned for subsequent experimental verification.
„Das ging ja nur hier…“ – Wohneigentümerstrukturen und Segregation in ostdeutschen Großwohnsiedlungen
Authors: Bernt Matthias , Böhmer Felix
Published: January 2023

Throughout the last two decades, large housing estates in eastern Germany have become the scene of an increased concentration of low-income households. At the same time, considerable shifts in the structure of home ownership have been documented in these areas. National and international investors have acquired large housing stocks here and become a fundamental part of the local housing markets. This paper discusses the connection between both developments. Based on a case study in two large housing estates in Halle (Saale) and Schwerin, it is argued that the relative impoverishment of large housing estates can be traced back to two developments on the supply side: On the one hand, municipal housing companies are increasingly made responsible for the provision of homes for households that cannot provide for themselves on the market. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of municipal housing, this leads to an increased concentration of poor households in the large housing estates. On the other hand, letting policies of financial investors are characterised by tight yield requirements. In view of a rather restrained demand for the housing they manage, they therefore increasingly rent their flats to population groups that are avoided by other landlords. Together, these developments operate like a ‘segregation machine’, which continuously shifts low-income population groups to the large housing estates.
INDUSTRY 4.0 AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS TO DIGITAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Lyaskovskaya Elena
Published: January 2023

Industry 4.0, based on manufacturing systems using information technologies, includes a combination of smart factories, products, and the Internet of Things. It is aimed at providing re-al-time information on production, processes, equipment, products, flows, and integrating this in-formation to make effective decisions in terms of economic, environmental and social results. Originally created to solve the problems of unsustainable production, Industry 4.0 today is changing all spheres of modern society, being simultaneously a threat and an opportunity for sus-tainable development. In this work, a bibliographic analysis of the Scopus database publications devoted to Indus-try 4.0 has been conducted, technical and economic prerequisites for its emergence, its concepts and essential content have been clarified. The characteristics of Industry 4.0 and the technologies that shape it, their impact on society and the economy have been systematized. The main princi-ples and trends of Industry 4.0 have been highlighted, the features, components and principles of sustainable production and sustainable business models in Industry 4.0 at the micro-, meso- and macroeconomic levels have been systematized and refined. The transformation of the concept of sustainable development and the role of Industry 4.0 in achieving sustainable development goals, including the prerequisites for its emergence, new opportunities and threats associated with the implementation of digital business models have been investigated. The influence of business models and practices of Industry 4.0 on achieving the goals of social, economic and environmen-tal components of sustainable development has been analyzed. The IT problems of enterprises included in Industry 4.0 have been systematized, the need to include the fourth (digital) component of sustainable development and research on digital sus-tainability for ensuring sustainable development of economic entities in terms of digital economy has been substantiated.
TYPOLOGY OF CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON INTEGRATION AND DIVERSIFICATION
Authors: Prosvirina Irina , Sterkhov Alexander
Published: January 2023

The importance of making the right strategic decisions about business development has now become universal for both Russian and foreign companies. At the same time, the level of uncer-tainty is growing in relation to the factors that determine the parameters of the directions of development. In such a situation, the role of models, with the help of which it is possible to justify the choice of strategies, seriously increases. This article presents the author's typology of strate-gies as a basis for building such models at the next stages of the study. The empirical research base includes data on 2904 mergers and acquisitions in the electricity industry from 1999 to 2019. The author's method of typologizing integration and diversification strategies based on an analysis of the industry affiliation of companies using the NAICS 2017 index is proposed. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the type of strategy as a factor influencing the choice of corporate strategies by predicting the parameters of mergers and acqui-sitions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSING THE STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL MINING ENTERPRISES OF SAKHA, YAKUTIA
Authors: Zhuravlyov Vladimir , Varkova Natalia , Zhuravleva Anna
Published: January 2023

The presented article discusses the issues of sustainable development of industrial enterprises of Sakha, Yakutia. The objects of the study are coal industry enterprises located in the south of the republic. The main factors influencing the sustainable development of these enterprises are highlighted. The problem of the research lies in the insufficiently adequate assessment and consideration of the level of the ecological and economic state of an industrial enterprise in the system of mak-ing managerial decisions that affect the implementation of the strategy for sustainable business development. The main goal of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the system of as-sessing the ecological and economic component of the strategic management mechanism for the elaboration and implementation of the development strategy of industrial companies representing the coal mining industry of Yakutia. In this work, a methodological framework of the study, which is based on a systematic, inte-grated approach to managing the development of an enterprise, the concept of sustainable devel-opment, theory and practice of assessing the activities of an industrial enterprise, is presented. The article presents a refined model and algorithm for implementing the strategy of sustainable devel-opment of coal mining companies based on the assessment of the environmental state of busi-ness projects. Recommendations are proposed to improve the mechanisms for diagnosing and accounting for the state of the ecological and economic component in the subsystem for the development and adoption of managerial decisions that affect the implementation of the sustainable devel-opment strategy of an enterprise.
IMPROVING THE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Zhuravlyov Vladimir , Varkova Natalia , Zhuravlyov Nikolay
Published: January 2023

The presented article discusses the problems of risk management in conditions of increasing crisis situations. Industrial enterprises of Russia were selected as the object of research. The problem of the study is an insufficiently perfected risk management system in modern conditions, when political, economic, and social contradictions between countries have sharply escalated, what leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of a number of Russian enterprises. The main purpose of the study is to develop measures to improve the risk management system at an industrial enterprise based on key components – risk assessment and management decision-making. The paper presents the methodological basis of the study, considers the basic concepts of enterprise management in a situation of uncertainty. The article presents a refined model and algorithm for implementing risk management in the strategic enterprise management system. Recommendations are proposed to improve the mechanism of strategic enterprise management based on the integration of key risk management components into the management system of an industrial company.
Analysis on Waste to Energy Potential of Padang Municipal Solid Waste for Sustainable Future
Authors: Raharjo Slamet , Ariska Zagita Andriani
Published: January 2023

Reduce, reuse, recycle (3R), and recovery are types of waste processing regulated in Law No. 18 of 2008. One form of recovery is Waste to Energy (WtE) which is one of the national development priorities. Currently, the implementation of 3R is less than 5% and it has not been implemented at all in Padang City. Therefore, this current research studies the WtE potential of Padang municipal solid waste. The research was conducted by collecting data on the population of Padang City, the generation, composition, and recycling potential of Padang City waste, and the calorific value of each waste composition. This research applies thermal incineration technology with three variations of scenarios. Scenario #1 is a WtE application with 3R based on existing conditions, scenario #2 is a WtE application with 3R based on government targets, and scenario #3 is a WtE application with 3R based on the results of the questionnaire. Scenario #2 is the best one because it considers the WtE idea and community-based 3R recycling in line and continues for better waste management in Padang City. The scenario may produce 394.23 MW of electricity that can serve around 1,329 houses, while also improving the 3R rate of around 1.98% per year.
Health Risk Analysis of Detergent Contamination in Communities on Kodingareng Lompo Island, Makassar City
Authors: Manurung Marulak Bonaparte , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Kusnoputranto Haryoto , Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Sianipar Imelda Masni Juniaty
Published: January 2023

Domestic activities in coastal and island communities are one of the factors that can affect the quality and quantity of traditional well water availability. One of the parameters of household wastewater is detergent pollutants. This study aimed to analyze the risk of detergent contamination in drinking water in the community of Kodingareng Lompo Island. This research is a type of quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The method used is the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) approach. Based on the examination conducted, the highest concentration was found in drinking water samples 4 and 5, which was equal to 2.98 mg/l. While drinking water sample 2 has the lowest concentration of detergent contamination, which is 0.005 mg/l. The respondents' daily drinking water intake rate is < 2 L/day, 2 L/day and ≥ 2 L/day, with the highest percentage of 31.1% for consumption of 2 L/day. The frequency of detergent exposure in drinking water consumed by respondents, namely > 350 days/year, with a percentage of 84.4%. The most extended duration of exposure, namely 31 - 60 years, with a ratio of 64.4%. The results of ARKL calculations conducted on the concentration of detergent contamination in drinking water showed a high level of risk (RQ > 1) in three respondents and were classified as unsafe for drinking water consumption.
Total mean curvatures of Riemannian hypersurfaces
Authors: Ghomi Mohammad , Spruck Joel
Published: January 2023

We obtain a comparison formula for integrals of mean curvatures of Riemannian hypersurfaces via Reilly’s identities. As applications, we derive several geometric inequalities for a convex hypersurface

Γ

\Gamma

in a Cartan-Hadamard manifold

M

M

. In particular, we show that the first mean curvature integral of a convex hypersurface

γ

\gamma

nested inside

Γ

\Gamma

cannot exceed that of

Γ

\Gamma

, which leads to a sharp lower bound for the total first mean curvature of

Γ

\Gamma

in terms of the volume it bounds in

M

M

in dimension 3. This monotonicity property is extended to all mean curvature integrals when

γ

\gamma

is parallel to

Γ

\Gamma

, or

M

M

has constant curvature. We also characterize hyperbolic balls as minimizers of the mean curvature integrals among balls with equal radii in Cartan-Hadamard manifolds.
Deciphering the role of monocyte and monocyte distribution width (MDW) in COVID-19: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ligi Daniela , Lo Sasso Bruna , Henry Brandon M. , Ciaccio Marcello , Lippi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario , Mannello Ferdinando
Published: January 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by both systemic and organ hyper-thromboinflammation, with a clinical course ranging from mild up-to critical systemic dysfunction and death. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) the monocyte/macrophage population is deeply involved as both trigger and target, assuming the value of useful diagnostic/prognostic marker of innate cellular immunity. Several studies correlated morphological and immunophenotypic alterations of circulating monocytes with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, concluding that monocyte distribution width (MDW) may retain clinical value in stratifying the risk of disease worsening. Through an electronic search in Medline and Scopus we performed an updated literature review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between increased MDW levels and illness severity in COVID-19 patients, deciphering role(s) and function(s) of monocytes in the harmful network underlining SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that significantly elevated MDW values were frequently present in COVID-19 patients who developed unfavorable clinical outcomes, compounded by a significant association between monocyte anisocytosis and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes. These findings suggest that blood MDW index and its scatter plot could represent useful routine laboratory tools for early identification of patients at higher risk of unfavorable COVID-19 and for monitoring the progression of viral infection, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic efficacy throughout hospitalization. According to this evidence, therapeutic decisions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection could benefit from monitoring MDW value, with administration of drugs limiting thrombo-inflammation due to monocyte hyper-activation in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 disease.
The multistep Laplace optimized decomposition method for solving fractional-order coronavirus disease model (COVID-19) via the Caputo fractional approach
Authors: Maayah Banan , Moussaoui Asma , Bushnaq Samia , Abu Arqub Omar
Published: January 2023

COVID-19, a novel coronavirus disease, is still causing concern all over the world. Recently, researchers have been concentrating their efforts on understanding the complex dynamics of this widespread illness. Mathematics plays a big role in understanding the mechanism of the spread of this disease by modeling it and trying to find approximate solutions. In this study, we implement a new technique for an approximation of the analytic series solution called the multistep Laplace optimized decomposition method for solving fractional nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations. The proposed method is a combination of the multistep method, the Laplace transform, and the optimized decomposition method. To show the ability and effectiveness of this method, we chose the COVID-19 model to apply the proposed technique to it. To develop the model, the Caputo-type fractional-order derivative is employed. The suggested algorithm efficacy is assessed using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, and when compared to it, the results show that the proposed approach has a high level of accuracy. Several representative graphs are displayed and analyzed in two dimensions to show the growth and decay in the model concerning the fractional parameter α values. The central processing unit computational time cost in finding graphical results is utilized and tabulated. From a numerical viewpoint, the archived simulations and results justify that the proposed iterative algorithm is a straightforward and appropriate tool with computational efficiency for several coronavirus disease differential model solutions.