bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construção e validação da Escala de Monitoramento do Desenvolvimento Infantil para Professores - EMDI-Pro
Authors: Moreno Flávia Cristina Costa , Pereira Marcelino Arménio Martins , Vilar Maria Manuela Pereira
Published: January 2025

Considerando a relevância da primeira infância e a escassez de escalas consonantes com os documentos orientadores da educação brasileira, especificamente, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), esta pesquisa objetivou construir e validar a Escala de Monitoramento do Desenvolvimento Infantil para professores (EMDI-PRO). Inicialmente, o instrumento foi submetido aos juízes para análise do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), Grupo Focal e Análise de Conteúdo, sendo reformulado e submetido a um estudo piloto, com treze professores da Educação Infantil para aplicação em oitenta e seis crianças, entre cinco e setenta e um meses, de uma cidade da Grande São Paulo. Os professores refletiram a práxis e mencionaram a objetividade e a orientação do instrumento. A EMDI-PRO requer outros estudos de evidências de validade para seu aprofundamento.
Ergonomia na Adolescência – um relato de experiência
Authors: Dionízio Dania Lemos , Mena Daniella da Silva , Gonçalves Renata Duarte , Mundim Renato Resende , Victer Eline das Flores , Brandão Júnior Pedro Moacyr Chagas
Published: January 2025

Introdução: Este relato descreve uma experiência docente realizada em uma escola pública do Distrito Federal, voltada para estudantes do 6º ano, sobre o tema "Ergonomia na Adolescência". Relato de Experiência: A atividade teve como objetivo conscientizar os alunos sobre a importância de práticas ergonômicas saudáveis, abordando aspectos como postura correta, transporte adequado de mochilas e exercícios de alongamento. Fundamentada em estudos recentes sobre ergonomia e saúde escolar, a oficina utilizou metodologias interativas e recursos visuais para promover a aprendizagem. Discussão: Os alunos participaram ativamente, demonstrando interesse e envolvimento, o que evidenciou a eficácia das atividades propostas. A oficina destacou a relevância de práticas ergonômicas na promoção da saúde e prevenção de problemas musculoesqueléticos, especialmente durante a adolescência. Conclusão: ações educativas similares a esta são fundamentais para integrar hábitos saudáveis ao cotidiano dos estudantes.
Peran Perpustakaan dalam Menumbuhkan Literasi Informasi Bagi Anak Tunanetra di Sekolah Luar Biasa Mandailing Natal
Authors: Siti Masitoh  , Sori Monang  , Yusniah Yusniah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the library in fostering information literacy skills for blind children at the Mandailing Natal Special School (SLB). This study used descriptive qualitative method. The information in this study is the coconut of the Mandailing Natal SLB library. Techniques for collecting data in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the role of the library in fostering information literacy must have a special room that is clean and comfortable, arranges the best possible sitting settings. Conduct programs on a schedule, work closely with teachers in using existing resources in the school library. The library at the school is very important, the books available at this time are sufficient, and can help meet the needs of students. Factors that become obstacles to the management of the Mandailing Natal Special School Library (SLB) in fostering information literacy for blind students are the lack of student motivation, human resources, and infrastructure.
Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Layanan Referensi dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Pemustaka di Perpustakaan Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Nurul Ummi  , Retno Sayekti  , Muslih Faturrahman
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to determine efforts to improve the quality of reference services to library users. So the attitude of users in the library is very important to know the needs and desires of users and to know user satisfaction. Therefore, information regarding user satisfaction can be used as criticism and input for service strategies. The results of this research show that efforts to improve the quality of reference services in meeting the needs of librarians are carried out in 2 ways, namely: with general efforts by means of smiles, greetings, greetings, politeness and politeness, and special efforts such as from the librarian's personal abilities. in serving readers, such as frequently carrying out promotional activities, both through literacy class activities and promotions on various media such as Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. The obstacles faced by librarians in improving the quality of reference services in meeting library needs, such as the available e-book databases, are not evenly distributed across all study programs. The e-journal database that is subscribed to does not fully contain the core journals for each study program. There is still a lack of user understanding about the differences between reference books and standard books, where reference books are a type of book that cannot be borrowed. There is an inappropriate attitude of some users and a lack of skills that users have regarding online-based reference services.
Analisis Penggunaan Media Sosial pada Perilaku Sosial Remaja Desa Sumberdadap Kecamatan Pucanglaban Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Azis Imam Mustaqim  , Dita Hendriani
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the phenomenon of increasingly massive social media usage among adolescents, including those in Sumberdadap Village, Pucanglaban Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency. On the one hand, social media offers various benefits for teenagers.  However, on the other hand, unwise social media usage can potentially lead to negative impacts.  Therefore, it is crucial to understand how adolescents in Sumberdadap Village utilize social media and its effects on their social behavior. This research is expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the social media usage phenomenon among adolescents and its impact on their social interaction, communication, and participation in community life. This study focuses on the following: 1) What social media platforms are used by adolescents in Sumberdadap Village, 2) How adolescents in Sumberdadap Village use social media, 3) How social media usage impacts the social behavior of adolescents in Sumberdadap Village. The research objectives are to identify: 1) The social media platforms used by adolescents in Sumberdadap Village, 2) How adolescents in Sumberdadap Village use social media, 3) The impact of social media usage on the social behavior of adolescents in Sumberdadap Village. This research employs a descriptive qualitative research method. Data is collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Observation is conducted to gain a closer understanding of the research subjects, while interviews are used to openly explore the issues within Sumberdadap Village, Tulungagung. Documentation is utilized to gather data by examining existing documents and serves as a means to prepare data, allowing the researcher to obtain maximum information that accurately reflects the condition of the researched object. The results of this study reveal how adolescents in Sumberdadap Village utilize social media in their daily lives and its consequences. With a considerably high intensity of social media usage, adolescents generally utilize it as their primary means of online communication and a way to spend their leisure time. Consequently, social media brings both positive and negative impacts on adolescents, as their parents fear, if not balanced with guidance and supervision during their social media usage.
Persepsi Guru dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SMA Negeri 1 Durenan
Authors: Ananta Nur Aribyan  , Bagus Setiawan
Published: January 2025

This research is motivated by the understanding that the curriculum is one of the crucial elements in the learning process at all levels of education. The Independent Curriculum is expected to serve as an educational program aligned with targeted objectives. This curriculum represents a form of educational reform focused on transforming school culture. It aims to innovate learning by emphasizing student-centered approaches, ultimately aligning graduates with the profile of a Pancasila student. Teachers, as drivers of independent learning, are required to be active, enthusiastic, creative, innovative, and skilled in becoming facilitators for change in schools, thereby creating a supportive learning environment by fostering close relationships with students. The research questions include: (1) How do teachers perceive the Independent Curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Durenan? (2) What factors influence teachers’ perceptions of the Independent Curriculum? This study employs qualitative research methods and was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Durenan. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis follows Miles and Huberman’s model, which consists of data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To test data validity, time triangulation and source triangulation were applied. The study results indicate that teachers perceive the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Durenan as strongly supporting the development of Pancasila values in learning, consistent with the national educational goal of shaping students with a Pancasila profile. Additionally, teachers’ perceptions of the curriculum are influenced by their knowledge; teachers require intensive and regular support to facilitate the curriculum’s implementation, need to leverage technology to make learning more interactive, and need to enhance competencies to adapt to changing times. Overall, teachers’ perceptions of the Independent Curriculum are positive.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Media Audio Visual pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Eri Urip Raharjo  , Akmal Rijal
Published: January 2025

This research aims to find out whether audio-visual media can improve science learning outcomes for fifth grade elementary school students. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK). Data collection techniques using observation, tests and documentation. This research consists of 2 cycles with research procedures using the Kemmis & Mc Taggart model which includes planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results of this research indicate that there has been an increase in science learning outcomes for class V students at SDN 16 Lubuklinggau. This is shown in cycles 1 and 2 where in cycle 1 the score increased from 20% to 50% and in cycle 2 there were 19 students who completed with a percentage of 75% from 24 students. With this it can be said that audio visual media is able to improve the science learning outcomes of class V students at SD Negeri 16 Lubuklinggau.
Analisis Pemasaran Ikan Laut dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Nelayan di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya
Authors: Karolus Wulla Rato  , Erniati Bili  , Apliana Kaka  , Cristian Hartanto Solo  , Firgulius Bili
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze marine fish marketing strategies that can increase fishermen's income in Southwest Sumba Regency. The fisheries sector is one of the main sources of income for local communities, but the challenges of marketing fish products faced by fishermen often hinder the improvement of welfare. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques and direct observation in the field. The results of the study indicate that the marine fish marketing system in Southwest Sumba is still relatively simple, with the role of middlemen dominating the distribution channels. This causes the selling price of fish to be suboptimal and reduces fishermen's income. Recommended marketing strategies include introducing direct marketing techniques, improving the quality of fish products through processing technology, and building stronger partnerships between fishermen and the market. This study also found that the existence of fishermen's cooperatives can be an alternative to improving marketing access and increasing fishermen's bargaining power. With the implementation of a more efficient marketing strategy, it is hoped that fishermen's income in Southwest Sumba Regency can increase significantly.
Implementasi Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Program Gerakan Mamak Mejarut (GEMAR)
Authors: Rafi Ramadhan Lubis  , Felisa Jauzarafa  , Gatri Janiti Kosagi
Published: January 2025

The impact of consuming unhealthy snacks can cause foodborne disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of nutrition education through pop-up book media on the level of knowledge of food safety in school snacks at Inpres LIK Layana Indah State Elementary School. The research design used was a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test with a population of 30 students in grade 5 and grade 6. The instruments used were Pop-up book media and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using data normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing. The results of the study obtained abnormal data in the experimental class (p-value = 0.001) and abnormal control (p-value = 0.006), there was a significant effect between the experimental and control groups on increasing student knowledge related to snack safety (p-value = 0.001). There is no significant difference between the control group with powerpoint media and the experimental class with pop-uo book media based on a significant value> 0.05.
Ekonomi Kreatif sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Bidang Ekonomi
Authors: Nadhia Putri Firnanda  , Solfema Solfema  , Lili Dasa Putri
Published: January 2025

Community empowerment is a conscious and planned effort carried out by the community to make those who cannot or are incapable become capable by utilizing the potential that exists in their environment. After identifying the problem that low community income is caused by people not having sufficient knowledge and skills to help improve the economy or increase their family income through the creative economy, the aim of this article is to explain efforts to empower the community in the economic sector through the creative economy.
Konsep Pendidikan Bermutu Wujudkan Sekolah Unggul
Authors: Meti Fatimah  , Nur Ayu Setyariza  , Sri Erna Widayati  , Intan Kusuma Wardani  , Yekti Handayani
Published: January 2025

Quality schools are one of the important pillars in building a quality education system in a country. This article discusses the concept of quality schools, factors that influence the quality of education, and challenges faced in realizing quality schools in Indonesia. Through a comprehensive approach, this article identifies several key indicators that can be used to measure school quality, including teacher quality, relevant curriculum, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and community involvement. In addition, this article also discusses the role of government policies and efforts to improve teacher professionalism in achieving the goals of quality education.
Study on the Impact of Digital Economy on Agricultural Carbon Emissions Based on Fixed Effects Modeling
Authors: Wang Junbo , Gao Shumiao , Qin Zhen
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of the digital economy and the increasing global attention to the issue of agricultural carbon emissions, the use of the digital economy to promote agricultural carbon emission reduction has become an inevitable path to achieve sustainable agricultural development. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2015 to 2022, this paper constructs a comprehensive digital economy evaluation index system and empirically analyzes the impact of rural digital economy development on agricultural carbon emissions. The results show that the vigorous development of digital economy significantly reduces agricultural carbon emissions, and effectively promotes the green transformation and sustainable development of agriculture through multiple paths such as optimizing industrial structure, promoting technological innovation, and improving service efficiency.
Analysis of Hydrocarbon accumulation period of Yanchang Formation and Yan 'an Formation in Zhenjing-Shuangcheng area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Zhao Wenxuan
Published: January 2025

Zhenjing-Shuangcheng is located in the northern Shaanxi region of the Ordos Basin, which is relatively far from the Chang 7 hydrocarbon generation center. The mechanism of oil and gas accumulation has become a difficult point in oil and gas exploration in the northern Shaanxi region. The study of oil and gas reservoir formation stages aids in assessing the process of oil and gas accumulation. To comprehend the reservoir formation stages of the target strata in this area, the homogenization temperature method of fluid inclusions is employed, coupled with analyzing inclusion characteristics to ascertain the reservoir formation stages. The experimental results show that the fluid inclusions in the sandstone of the Yan'an Formation and the Upper Yanchang Formation in the Zhenjing-Shuangcheng area are mainly saline inclusions and hydrocarbon bearing saline inclusions. The main peak of the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in the upper segment of the extension group is 90-120 ℃; The main peak of the homogeneous temperature of fluid inclusions in the Yan'an Formation is 80-110 ℃. Based on the burial history map of the work area, it is believed that the oil and gas filling period in the upper part of the Yanchang Formation was in the middle and late stages of the Early Cretaceous, from 124 to 109 Ma ago; The Yan'an Formation is from the late Early Cretaceous period, dating back to 112-94 Ma ago; This indicates that the oil and gas reservoirs of the Upper Yanchang Formation and Yan'an Formation in the Zhenjing-Shuangcheng area were formed during the same period of the Early Cretaceous (124-94 Ma). This understanding provides assistance for the study of oil and gas accumulation mechanisms in the Triassic and Jurassic periods in the Yuanyuan area of northern Shaanxi.
Exploring the Role of Emotions, Motivation, Self-efficacy, and Flow in Second Language Learning
Authors: Zou Mingjie
Published: January 2025

Second language learning is a multifaceted and dynamic process involving numerous individual difference factors. These cognitive, conative, affective, and social factors influence, predict, or even sometimes determine the outcome of second language learning. This paper attempts to explore the role of emotion, motivation, self-efficacy, and flow in second language learning by reviewing Alberts book, including the research context, affective factors, an overview of second language learning tasks, three empirical studies, and pedagogical implications. The summary and review of the findings provide insights and suggestions for second language teaching.
Evaluating Firm-Level Technology Adaptation: An Integrated Geometric Mean Model Based on the TOE Framework (M-BOOST
Authors: Paksoy Turan , Yiğitol Büşra , Arıcıoğlu M. Atilla , Demir Sercan
Published: January 2025

Teknolojinin getirdiği hız ve kolaylıklar, işletmeler için kritik öneme sahiptir ve göz ardı edilemez. Rekabet gücünü korumaya çalışan şirketler, verimliliği artırmak, ürün kalitesini geliştirmek ve operasyonel maliyetleri azaltmak için giderek daha fazla teknolojiye entegre olmaktadır. Teknolojinin sağladığı avantajlardan yararlanma yeteneği, doğrudan teknoloji benimsenmesi ile orantılıdır. Teknolojik gelişmeleri yakından takip etmek, sektör fark etmeksizin tüm işletmeler için küresel pazarda rekabetçi kalmanın anahtarı haline gelmiştir. Yeni teknolojileri hızla benimseyen şirketler, rakiplerine göre daha avantajlı bir konum elde etmekte ve piyasa pozisyonlarını sağlamlaştırmaktadır. Ancak, teknolojideki hızlı değişim, adaptasyon sürecinin de daha hızlı yürütülmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, firma düzeyinde teknoloji adaptasyon performansını nicel olarak ölçmek ve uyum çerçevesini şirket bazında sayısal bir çıktı olarak sunmak üzere revize edilmiş bir Teknoloji-Organizasyon-Çevre (TOE) çerçevesine dayalı yeni bir model önermektedir. M-BOOST modeli, Alt Üst Etme, Organizasyon, Paydaş, Davranış, Teknoloji ve Yönetim olmak üzere altı boyuttan oluşmaktadır ve her boyut kendi parametrelerine sahiptir. Her bir boyutun skoru, bu parametrelerin aritmetik ortalaması olarak hesaplanırken, genel M-BOOST Teknoloji Adaptasyon Skoru, altı boyut skorunun geometrik ortalaması ile belirlenir. Model, tüm boyutların ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Ayrı değerlendirmeler yapılmasının yanı sıra, önerilen formülasyona göre genel bir uyum skoru belirlemek için bir hesaplama yapılmış ve örnek olay çalışması için bir değer ortaya konmuştur. M-BOOST skoru 1'in altında olan şirketler, teknoloji uyumunda sorun yaşayan şirketleri işaret ederken, 1-3 arasında bir değere sahip olan şirketlerin teknoloji uyumunda gelişime açık olduğu, 3'ün üzerinde bir değere sahip olan şirketlerin ise başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Örnek olay uygulamasından elde edilen sonuçlar çalışmanın sonucunda yer verilmiş ve modelin kullanışlılığı ve gelecek çalışmalar için aktarımlar yapılmıştır.
Biomagnetic monitoring of the spatial distribution of atmospheric particulate matter in an industrialized city in Japan: Case study at Muroran
Authors: Kawasaki Kazuo , Sawada Nagisa
Published: January 2025

Japan has 111 active volcanoes, supplying a great amount of magnetically-enhanced fly ashes. Such fly ashes likely mask anthropogenic magnetic signals; therefore, only a few magnetic biomonitoring studies have been reported in active volcanic regions, including Japan. The environmental magnetic results are reported for the materials deposited on Sasa Kurilensis, also known as dwarf bamboo, in the vicinity of the industrialized Muroran city center in Japan. The dust on the ten leaves at 105 sites was wiped off with a commercial wipe sheet, and their rock magnetic properties were analyzed. Room- and low-temperature magnetic analyses indicate that the major magnetic mineral in the dust is partially oxidized magnetite, ranging from single to pseudo single domain size, and the magnetic mineralogy on the leaves’ surface remains consistent throughout the study area. Much higher saturation isothermal remanent magnetization intensities are observed in the city’s eastern parts. The dominant wind directions in Muroran city are northwest, indicating that the steel companies in the city center are the major source of the fine-grained magnetic minerals on the dwarf bamboo leaves. These results indicate that using the leaves of dwarf bamboo for magnetic biomonitoring can be a non-destructive and rapid method to study the spatial distribution of atmospheric particulate matter from local industrial activities, even in active volcanic areas.
A Study on Human-Centered Improvement Proposals for Campus Medical Service Design : Focusing on student medical services at H University
Authors:   Korea Society of Public Design, Wang Xin , Jung Euitay
Published: January 2025

As student needs diversify and expectations for service quality rise, traditional campus medical service design increasingly falls short in addressing individual needs and enhancing the service experience. This study centers on human-centered service design principles, analyzing the current status and challenges of student medical services at H University to propose targeted improvement measures aimed at boosting overall student satisfaction with these services. Utilizing an empirical research methodology that combines surveys, in-depth interviews, and observations, this gathered valuable feedback on students' needs and experiences with medical services. Through both qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study identified key design issues and subsequently developed a service blueprint to better meet specific student demands in medical care. Findings demonstrate that human-centered design strategies significantly improve user experience, reduce waiting times, and enhance the medical environment. Moreover, the study offers a valuable reference for improving medical services at other institutions and suggests directions for future research.
A Study on Character Design Creation of Traditional Chinese Images Using Generative Artificial Intelligence : Focusing on Dunhuang Tang Dynasty's “Flying Fairy” Images via MidJourney
Authors:   Korea Society of Public Design, Chen Chen , Song Ji-Sung
Published: January 2025

This study promotes the innovative development of Chinese traditional culture by designing cultural characters based on the Tang Dynasty “Flying Apsaras” from Dunhuang murals using the generative artificial intelligence (AIGC) tool MidJourney v6.1. It addresses the challenges of monotonous dissemination methods and disconnection from younger generations by focusing on Generation Z, a key IP consumer group, to explore how AIGC can align with their modern aesthetic preferences and enhance cultural appeal. Research methods include case analysis to examine MidJourney's advantages, literature review to organize Dunhuang's visual elements, experimental design to create character images, and survey with SPSS data analysis to validate effectiveness. Results show that MidJourney effectively extracts Dunhuang mural elements, creating designs that blend traditional values with modern aesthetics while meeting Generation Z's preferences. However, cultural detail expression requires further optimization. The study highlights AIGC's potential to advance traditional culture preservation and dissemination through digital innovation.
DuanChang’Ci(斷腸詞) of Zhu ShuZhen(朱淑眞), a song of despair in the dark
Authors:   The Korean Society of Human and Nature, Hong ByungHye , Yun HyeJi
Published: January 2025

Zhu ShuZhen(朱淑眞) is a woman writer often mentioned in Chinese literary history. She had an unhappy marriage due to the wrong marriage. And the unhappy marriage became the driving force for Zhu ShuZhen to express her feelings through Ci’literature. Zhu ShuZhen realistically expresses the pain she faced based on her childhood skills, all of which were the songs of despair she called. After Zhu ShuZhen divorce, when her sad life ended, her parents hastily burned her works to erase her traces. However, a part of it remains and is now conveyed. The despair she experienced is more evident in the more detailed Ci’literature than poetry. Zhu ShuZhen’Ci are called DuanChang’Ci(斷腸詞). DuanChang’Ci is very small in quantity. But, it can be seen that Zhu ShuZhen’Ci met with the world was a historical moment when the solitude of the work was transformed into a literary event.
Zhu ShuZhen’Ci is divided into AiQing’Ci(愛情詞) and YongWu’Ci(詠物詞). They all sing about their own despair.
AiQing’Ci of Zhu ShuZhen expresses her remorse for the affection her experienced in a dark reality in a lively and passionate way through the portrayal of the wonders.
YongWu’Ci of Zhu ShuZhen is basically a song about a certain thing, but it can be seen that there is no doubt that there is a sense of emotion and appreciation for the dark reality that her has suffered. In particular, YongWu’Ci of Zhu ShuZhen played a key role in promoting the artistic influence of the Zhu ShuZhen’Ci.
The Discourse Function of ‘没(有)’ in Adjacent Pairs in Chinese Drama Dialogue
Authors:   The Korean Society of Human and Nature, Yang KyongMi
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the phenomenon of ‘没(有)’ (méiyǒu) being selected as a response or subsequent utterance in dialogue. Specifically, it aims to clarify why ‘没(有)’ is chosen as the subsequent utterance when the prior utterance is an adjective predicate sentence without the aspect marker 了2 (le2). Drawing from Shen Jiaxuan(沈家煊)’s boundedness theory, particularly the concept of ‘event,’ this paper collects adjacent pairs from Chinese dramas where the following utterance contains ‘没(有)’ as linguistic data for analysis.
From syntactic and semantic perspectives, ‘没(有)’ is traditionally recognized for negating objective facts, statements, or situations. However, this view falls short of fully explaining the meaning and discourse function of ‘没(有)’ when used to negate adjectives in actual dialogue.
This analysis reveals that in conversation, ‘没(有)’ performs specific discourse functions such as [denying the occurrence of a state change], [negating continuity or persistence], and [indicating a lack of degree attainment]. All these specific functions are unified as negations of ‘events(事件)’ within discourse. In other words, the adverbial negator ‘没(有)’ universally negates events, with ‘event sentences’ representing boundedness (non-continuity). This study suggests that interlocutors employ ‘没(有)’ when interpreting the prior utterance as an event and intending to negate it, which we refer to as [the overarching discourse function] of ‘没(有).’
The Study of the Song Taizong’s “Northern Expedition” during the late 10th century - Focusing on the “Battle of Gaoliang River” and “Yongxi Era Northern Expedition”
Authors:   The Korean Society of Human and Nature, Lee Chang Wook
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the two “Northern Expeditions” (北伐) of Emperor Song Taizong (宋太宗), which had a significant impact on later Chinese history. One of the major controversial events in Chinese history, the ceding of the “Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures” (燕雲 16州) during the Later Jin (後晉) period, had many negative effects on the political and military security of the Song dynasty, which succeeded the Five Dynasties (五代). This led China, during the 10th to 14th centuries, to focus on defensive strategies against surrounding nomadic regimes, while East Asian hegemony during this period was dominated by alien dynasties such as the Khitans (契丹), Jurchens (女眞), and Mongols (蒙古). This study examines the historical context of the late 10th century when Emperor Taizong’s “Northern Expeditions” took place, and explores the historical significance and lasting impact of these campaigns.
The paper first examines the historical background and development of the “Battle of Gaoliang River” (高梁河) in 979 and the “Yongxi Era Northern Expedition” (雍熙北伐) in 986, focusing on Emperor Taizong’s “Northern Expeditions”. Lacking legitimacy during his succession to the imperial throne, Taizong attempted to overcome his weaknesses by forcibly trying to reclaim the “Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures” from the Khitans. However, the military strength that the Northern Song had accumulated over decades since Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou (後周 世宗) was lost in the disastrous defeats at the “Battle of Gaoliang River” and the “Yongxi Era Northern Expedition.” As Emperor Taizong’s meticulously planned “Northern Expedition” ended in tragedy, the Song found itself in a defensive position against the Khitans, and this political and military situation eventually culminated in the “Shanyuan Treaty” (澶淵의 盟約) in 1004.
In addition, this paper discusses several historical figures closely related to Emperor Taizong’s “Northern Expeditions”. For example, it analyzes the positions of notable Song dynasty’s individuals such as Cao Bin (曹彬), a distinguished general of the early Song who became a scapegoat for the failures of Taizong’s military expeditions. By analyzing the historical context and the situations faced by these key figures, the paper aims to offer a multi-dimensional understanding of this historical event.
Finally, the paper explores the lasting influence of Emperor Taizong’s “Northern Expeditions” on later Chinese history, particularly focusing on the early Northern Song period, and further examines the historical significance of these expeditions in the broader context of East Asia.
A study on the factors causing verbal abuse and prevention by Sasang constitution
Authors:   The Korean Society of Human and Nature, Park Yong-Geum , Lim Byeong-Hak
Published: January 2025

In this paper, examines the prevention of aggression, self-esteem, depression, and impulsivity, which are the main perpetrators of verbal violence, by linking them with the psychology of Sasang constitution.
First, the perpetrators of verbal violence, aggression, self-esteem, depression, and impulsivity, were linked to the psychology of Sasang constitution. That is, through the Sasang constitution’s SeongQi(sorrow, anger, joy, and pleasure) and JeongQi(emotion), the ever-present mind, and the four types of Human affairs(office, friends, party, and residence), it was found that aggression represents the psychology of Soyangin, self-esteem represents Taeeumin, depression represents Soeumin, and impulsivity represents the psychology of Taeyangin.
In order to control the fear and aggression that are always present in the mind of the Soyangin, it is necessary to look inside and correct the dwelling place instead of trying to win from the outside. On the other hand, in order to correct the self-esteem that is linked to the ‘fearful mind’ of the Taeeumin, it is necessary to look outside and correct the affairs of the world instead of only thinking about the dwelling place to protect the inside.
In order to control the unstable mind and depression of the Soeumin, it is necessary to take a step forward instead of only dwelling in the inside. In order to control the urgent mind and impulsiveness of the Taeyangin, it is necessary to have a humble mind that lets go of the desire to move forward first and takes a step back.
This Sasang medicine approach to verbal violence will be a differentiated preventive education different from existing studies. In other words, by implementing specialized Sasang constitutional language violence prevention that approaches Sasang medicine, it will be possible to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships by helping our youth know themselves, and it will be a language violence prevention education that will stimulate curiosity and interest and open a space for communication that will allow them to understand the world of the youth’s mind.
Formation and development of Korean film music: A Historical Analysis of the Evolution of Joseon Film Music (1897-1945)
Authors:   The Korean Society of Human and Nature, Jo Sunja
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the emergence and development of Joseon film music in Korea from 1897 to 1945, and to reveal the characteristics and significance of film music history.
The researcher divided the emergence and development of Korean cinema into four stages and summarized the characteristics of each period as follows:
First, in the era of motion pictures, music based on Western scores allowed Joseon audiences to experience Western culture, but it lacked creativity and identity. In the era of serial dramas, there were attempts to reflect Joseon sentiments by coexisting with Japanese enka and traditional Joseon music. In the era of silent films, original music by Joseon composers was used, highlighting national identity, and popular influence expanded with the spread of phonographs and records. In the era of sound films, film music became a key element along with technological advancements, but due to Japanese censorship, it was transformed into a political propaganda tool, undermining autonomy and artistry.
Through this study, the researcher confirmed that the identity, performance methods, and symbolic systems of film music varied according to the developmental stages of Korean cinema. In conclusion, Joseon film music formed and developed during the Japanese colonial period reflects the characteristics of its time. The film theme song , which expresses national resentment and anti-Japanese sentiment, the film theme song < Janghanmongga>, which directly transplant Japanese emotions, and film music used in state propaganda films such as , , , and < Japanese Boy> can be interpreted as songs that articulate the situation faced by colonial Korea during the Japanese occupation.
This study focused on exploring how Korean film music has developed within the context of modern and contemporary history and art history. It specifically examined how this film music played a role in introducing and conveying new cultures amid the exchange between domestic and Western cultures and during the Japanese colonial period. The aim was to go beyond understanding domestic film music solely from a musical perspective and to identify its role within the significant contexts of modern and contemporary history and art history. Future research should continue to investigate the flow of film music in the post-liberation period after Korea’s liberation from Japanese colonial rule, as well as the role and characteristics of film music within the historical context following the establishment of the Republic of Korea.
Competencia de Aprendizaje y autoeficacia asociados al éxito académico en estudiantes universitarios.
Authors: Madrid Castro María de Lorena , Díaz Tejada Luz Aurora , Zubieta Zúñiga Zhenya , Bustamante Villarreal Migdalia , Valverde Castro Úrsula Antonieta , Pizano Chávez Guillermina , López Morales Tomasa Felicidad , Lanao López Carol Jessica
Published: January 2025

Este estudio tiene como objetivo el determinar la relación entre las competencias de aprendizaje y la autoeficacia con el éxito académico en estudiantes universitarios, se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo correlacional con un diseño no experimental y transversal, el método empleado fue el hipotéticoanalítico donde se llegó a evaluar a un total de 411 estudiantes universitarios por medio de dos escalas de tipo Likert, ambas con niveles adecuados de validez y confiabilidad. Dentro de los resultados se encontró en la variable éxito académico que el 67.15% tienen un nivel medio, un 27.98% tienen un nivel alto y un 4.87% tienen un nivel bajo, en la autoeficacia el 84.18% tienen un nivel alto mientras que el 15.82 un nivel medio, en las competencias de aprendizaje se identificó que el 97.57% tienen un nivel alto y un 2.43% tienen un nivel medio. Se concluye determinando que sí existe relación significativa entre las variables estudiadas.
Religious Gerrymandering in India: Assam’s Delimitation
Authors: Ghosh Roy Swetasree , Adarsh Dodda Teja
Published: January 2025

No Abstract.
Ensemble-Based Plant Disease Detection with Mini TensorFlow on RISC Devices and Chatbot
Authors:   Information Technology,  Trinity College of Engineering and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Bhagat Aishwarya Satish , Fargade Samiksha Anil , More Aditya Avinash , Tamhane Anushka Ganesh , Gaikwad Dr. V.S
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on training and testing various convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including Basic CNN, AlexNet, VGG16, and EfficientNet B0, for efficient plant disease detection. Each model was evaluated using the New Plant Diseases Dataset from Kaggle, covering a variety of plant species and diseases, to analyze performance, accuracy, and efficiency. The trained models were then integrated into a Marathi language chatbot to enable real-time disease identification and provide agricultural guidance. This research offers insights into the strengths and limitations of different models for precision agriculture, particularly in applications that support regional languages to promote accessible, sustainable farming practices.

Key Words: Precision Agriculture, Embedded Systems, IoT, Deep Learning, Model Comparison, Real-time Detection, Disease Classification, NLP, Chatbot Integration, Marathi Chatbot.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Leveraging Digital Signatures to Enhance Data Security at Emudra Private Limited, Bangalore
Authors:   IV Sem MBA, R.R. Institute of Advanced Studies, Institutions  Bangalore University, Bangalore, KUMAR V YASHWANTH , K MEGHA ,   Assistant Professor, R.R. Institute of Advanced Studies, Institutions  Bangalore University, Bangalore
Published: January 2025

Digital signatures are a transformative technology that significantly enhances data security for organizations like eMudhra Private Limited in Bangalore. By utilizing cryptographic techniques, digital signatures provide a robust mechanism for verifying the authenticity and integrity of digital communications and transactions, ensuring that sensitive information remains unaltered during transmission. This process not only confirms the identity of the signer but also guarantees the document's integrity. eMudhra's emSigner platform exemplifies best practices in eSignature security through advanced encryption standards and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), ensuring compliance with legal standards and making eSignatures legally equivalent to traditional signatures. Additionally, digital signatures facilitate non-repudiation, preventing signers from denying their involvement in transactions, which is crucial for legal compliance. Ultimately, leveraging digital signatures not only enhances data security but also streamlines workflows by eliminating paper-based processes, making it essential for organizations to adopt such technologies in an ever-evolving digital landscape. This study refers to testing through T-Test for analysis and interpretation.

Keywords: Digital Signatures, Data Security, eMudhra Private, Integrity, Authenticity, Non-repudiation, (PKI), Fraud Prevention, Compliance, Authentication, Tamper-proof.
Factors associated with post-exertional malaise in persons living with long COVID: A mixed-methods study
Authors:   Boromarajonani College of Nursing Surat Thani, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Rungnoei Nongnaphat , Dittabunjong Penkhae ,   Boromarajonani College of Nursing Surat Thani, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Kruttakart Siriporn ,   Boromarajonani College of Nursing Surat Thani, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Thongma Nittaya ,   Boromarajonani College of Nursing Surat Thani, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Komkhum Wilaiwan ,   Boromarajonani College of Nursing Surat Thani, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Pongrod Somporn ,   Phrachomklao Hospital, Thailand
Published: January 2025

Post-COVID syndrome is a significant problem commonly encountered after contracting COVID-19 infection. Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is a particularly debilitating symptom of post-COVID syndrome. This mixed-method research aimed to study factors influencing the occurrence of PEM in post-COVID-19 patients. The sample group consisted of 98 post-COVID-19 patients receiving treatment at Phrachomklao Hospital, Phetchaburi province, Thailand were selected through simple random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and content analysis. Results revealed that all members of sample group exhibited more than one post-COVID syndrome symptom. The most prevalent physical symptoms reported were fatigue (87.76%), exhaustion after activities (73.47%), and chronic cough (67.35%). Regarding mental, emotional, and social symptoms, the chief one reported was fear (74.49%), followed by stress (68.37%), and anxiety (53.06%). The overall assessment of post-exertional malaise in post-COVID patients revealed an average fatigue level of 4.09 (M = 4.09, SD = 0.78). Several factors together, including female sex, body mass index, and the severity of the COVID-19 illness, predicted presence of post-exertional malaise in post-COVID patients (R2 =0.441, p <0.05). Factors predicting PEM in post-COVID patients include female sex, body mass index, and the severity of COVID illness. These results increase our understanding of PEM in long COVID patients. Healthcare providers should develop service systems to provide post-fatigue care, especially for obese and severely ill COVID patients.
The roles of public service motivation and humble leadership in promoting work engagement among healthcare professionals
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Vietnam, Nguyen Kim Hoang
Published: January 2025

Work engagement is the central issue for healthcare employees not only in preventing occupational stress but also in improving job performance. The purpose of this study is to examine if work engagement can be enhanced by public service motivation and humble leadership. The snowball sampling approach was used for building a healthcare professional sample of physicians and nurses. Instruments used in self-administered questionnaires were validated and commonly utilized in previous studies with appropriate reliability. The model fit indices (χ2 = 449.308; df = 227; χ2/df = 1.979; CFI = 0.935; TLI = 0.928; RMSEA = 0.063) and factor loadings (ranging from 0.64 to 0.86) indicated satisfactory reliability and validity of the constructs and their indicators. The findings demonstrated positive and significant path coefficients between public service motivation and work engagement (b = 0.218, p < 0.001). Humble leadership also exhibited a significantly positive relationship with work engagement (b = 0.231, p < 0.001). The findings further revealed that humble leadership served as a moderator to attenuate the relationship between public service motivation and work engagement (b = -0.140, p < 0.01). The positive nexus between public service motivation and work engagement was found to be stronger when healthcare supervisors demonstrated low levels of humble leadership. As such, this study advances the healthcare management literature by gaining insights into work engagement among healthcare professionals. An essential contribution to existing knowledge has been made by examining the relationships that exist between public service motivation, humble leadership, and work engagement. Based on the results, healthcare organizations should implement relevant policies in terms of recruitment and training to foster public service motivation and humble leadership in order to promote work engagement.
Impact of maternal behavior and history of infectious diseases during pregnancy on the prevalence of stunting among children under five years
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, Midwifery Academy of Surya Mandiri Bima, Bima, Indonesia, Riskiah Dian Mariza , Sekriptini Ayu Yuliani ,   Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, Judijanto Loso ,   IPOSS Jakarta, Indonesia, Khariri Khariri ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia, Sutriyawan Agung ,   Department of Public Health, Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung, Indonesia, Elvina Ade ,   Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences Sapta Bakti, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age is a problem that must be resolved, mothers are people who have an important role in stunting prevention efforts, so prevention efforts are relevant in reducing the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia. A cross sectional design was conducted on 532 participants. Simple random sampling and proportional sampling techniques were used for sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data through interviews and anthropometric measurements. Multiple logistic regression analysis and statistical significance expressed at 95% CI were used. Mothers who had a low knowledge score (OR=4.8, 95% CI=3.1-7.3), low attitude score (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3-3.1), low action score (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.7), and a history of infectious diseases during pregnancy (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.4-3.5) were the main causal factors of stunting. Maternal behaviour is a significant determinant of stunting in children under 5 years old. If a mother has low scores in knowledge attitude score, score, along with a history of infectious diseases during pregnancy, the chance of stunting is 85.7%. Therefore, strategies and programmes that focus on mothers are the right choice, and increasing maternal knowledge is necessary to improve maternal attitudes and actions.