bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds using hypervalent iodine reagents
Authors: Singh Fateh V , Kole Priyanka B , Mangaonkar Saeesh R , Shetgaonkar Samata E
Published: July 2018

Hypervalent iodine reagents have been developed as highly valuable reagents in synthetic organic chemistry during the past few decades. These reagents have been identified as key replacements of various toxic heavy metals in organic synthesis. Various synthetically and biologically important scaffolds have been developed using hypervalent iodine reagents either in stoichiometric or catalytic amounts. In addition, hypervalent iodine reagents have been employed for the synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds via dearomatization processes. In this review, various approaches for the synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds using hypervalent iodine reagents are covered including their stereoselective synthesis. Additionally, the applications of these reagents in natural product synthesis are also covered.
Graphitic carbon nitride prepared from urea as a photocatalyst for visible-light carbon dioxide reduction with the aid of a mononuclear ruthenium(II) complex
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , An Daehyeon , Kuriki Ryo , Lu Daling , Ishitani Osamu
Published: July 2018

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized by heating urea at different temperatures (773–923 K) in air, and was examined as a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction. With increasing synthesis temperature, the conversion of urea into g-C3N4 was facilitated, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The as-synthesized g-C3N4 samples, further modified with Ag nanoparticles, were capable of reducing CO2 into formate under visible light (λ > 400 nm) in the presence of triethanolamine as an electron donor, with the aid of a molecular Ru(II) cocatalyst (RuP). The CO2 reduction activity was improved by increasing the synthesis temperature of g-C3N4, with the maximum activity obtained at 873–923 K. This trend was also consistent with that observed in photocatalytic H2 evolution using Pt-loaded g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activities of RuP/g-C3N4 for CO2 reduction and H2 evolution were thus shown to be strongly associated with the generation of the crystallized g-C3N4 phase.
Detections of Massive Stars in the Cluster MCM2005b77, in the Star-forming Regions GRS G331.34−00.36 (S62) and GRS G337.92−00.48 (S36)
Authors: Messineo Maria , Menten Karl M. , Figer Donald F. , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Rich R. Michael
Published: July 2018

Large infrared and millimeter wavelength surveys of the Galactic plane have unveiled more than 600 new bubble H ii regions and more than 3000 candidate star clusters. We present a study of the candidate clusters MCM2005b72, DBS2003−157, DBS2003−172, and MCM2005b77 based on near-infrared spectroscopy taken with SofI on the NTT and infrared photometry from the 2MASS, VVV, and GLIMPSE surveys. We find that (1) MCM2005b72 and DBS2003−157 are subregions of the same star-forming region, H ii GRS G331.34−00.36 (bubble S62). MCM2005b72 coincides with the central part of this H ii region, while DBS2003−157 is a bright mid-infrared knot of the S62 shell. We detected two O-type stars at extinction

 = 1.0–1.3 mag. Their spectrophotometric properties are consistent with the near-kinematic distance to GRS G331.34−00.36 of 3.9 ± 0.3 kpc. (2) DBS2003−172 coincides with a bright mid-infrared knot in the S36 shell (GRS G337.92−00.48), where we detected a pair of candidate He i stars embedded in a small cometary nebula. (3) The stellar cluster MCM2005b77 is rich in B-type stars, has an average

of 0.91 mag, and is adjacent to the H ii region IRAS 16137−5025. The average spectrophotometric distance of ∼5.0 kpc matches the near-kinematic distance to IRAS 16137−5025 of 5.2 ± 0.1 kpc.
Warm CO Gas Generated by Possible Turbulent Shocks in a Low-mass Star-forming Dense Core in Taurus
Authors: Tokuda Kazuki , Onishi Toshikazu , Saigo Kazuya , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Fukui Yasuo , Machida Masahiro N. , Tomida Kengo , Hosokawa Takashi , Kawamura Akiko , Tachihara Kengo
Published: July 2018

We report ALMA Cycle 3 observations in CO isotopes toward a dense core, MC27/L1521F in Taurus, which is considered to be at an early stage of multiple star formation in a turbulent environment. Although most of the high-density parts of this core are considered to be as cold as ∼10 K, high-angular resolution (∼20 au) observations in 12CO (J = 3–2) revealed complex warm (>15–60 K) filamentary/clumpy structures with the sizes from a few tens of astronomical units to ∼1000 au. The interferometric observations of 13CO and C18O show that the densest part with arc-like morphologies associated with the previously identified protostar and condensations are slightly redshifted from the systemic velocity of the core. We suggest that the warm CO clouds may be consequences of shock heating induced by interactions among the different density/velocity components that originated from the turbulent motions in the core. However, such a small-scale and fast turbulent motion does not correspond to a simple extension of the line–width–size relation (i.e., Larson's law), and thus the actual origin remains to be studied. The high-angular resolution CO observations are expected to be essential in detecting small-scale turbulent motions in dense cores and to investigate protostar formation therein.
A Possible Mechanism for Enriching Heavy Ions in 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Mason Glenn M. , Klecker Berndt
Published: July 2018

We investigate a mechanism to produce a seed population enriched in heavy ions, such as those observed in 3He-rich solar energetic particle events. It is shown that if an initial particle population following a power law in energy nucleon−1 passes through a small amount of material, at energies below the dE/dx Bragg peak, the greater affinity of heavier ions for electron pick-up results in their penetrating the material more easily. This results in an enhancement of heavy ions in the particle population that just barely penetrates the material. The bulk of the seed particles fall in the energy range of 10 s of keV nucleon−1. It is supposed that some further process then energizes this seed population to produce the particles observed in interplanetary space. We find a broad range of parameters that produces enhancements comparable to Fe/O ∼ 8 commonly observed.
The Extended Distribution of Baryons around Galaxies
Authors: Bregman Joel N. , Anderson Michael E. , Miller Matthew J. , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Dai Xinyu , Li Jiang-Tao , Li Yunyang , Qu Zhijie
Published: July 2018

We summarize and reanalyze observations bearing on missing galactic baryons, where we propose a consistent picture for halo gas in L ≳ L* galaxies. The hot X-ray-emitting halos are detected to 50–70 kpc, where typically M
hot(<50 kpc) ∼ 5 × 109
M
⊙, and with density n ∝ r
−3/2. When extrapolated to R
200, the gas mass is comparable to the stellar mass, but about half of the baryons are still missing from the hot phase. If extrapolated to 1.7R
200–3R
200, the ratio of baryon to dark matter approaches the cosmic value. Significantly flatter density profiles are unlikely for R < 50 kpc, and they are disfavored but not ruled out for R > 50 kpc. For the Milky Way, the hot halo metallicity lies in the range 0.3–1 solar for R < 50 kpc. Planck measurements of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect toward stacked luminous galaxies (primarily early type) indicate that most of their baryons are hot, are near the virial temperature, and extend beyond R
200. This stacked SZ signal is nearly an order of magnitude larger than that inferred from the X-ray observations of individual (mostly spiral) galaxies with M
* > 1011.3
M
⊙. This difference suggests that the hot halo properties are distinct for early- and late-type galaxies, possibly due to different evolutionary histories. For the cooler gas detected in UV absorption line studies, we argue that there are two absorption populations: extended halos, and disks extending to ∼50 kpc, containing most of this gas, and with masses a few times lower than the stellar masses. Such extended disks are also seen in 21 cm H i observations and in simulations.
Reversals in the Direction of Polarization Rotation in OJ 287
Authors: Cohen M. H. , Aller H. D. , Aller M. F. , Hovatta T. , Kharb P. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Lister M. L. , Meier D. L. , Pushkarev A. B. , Savolainen T.
Published: July 2018

We have obtained a smooth time series for the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of the blazar OJ 287 at centimeter wavelengths, by making ±nπ adjustments to archival values from 1974 to 2016. The data display rotation reversals in which the EVPA rotates counterclockwise for ∼180° and then rotates clockwise by a similar amount. The timescale of the rotations is a few weeks to a year, and the scale for a double rotation, including the reversal, is 1–3 yr. We have seen four of these events in 40 yr. A model consisting of two successive outbursts in polarized flux density, with EVPAs counterrotating, superposed on a steady polarized jet, can explain many of the details of the observations. Polarization images support this interpretation. The model can also help to explain similar events seen at optical wavelengths. The outbursts needed for the model can be generated by the supermagnetosonic jet model of Nakamura et al. and Nakamura & Meier, which requires a strong helical magnetic field. This model produces forward and reverse pairs of fast and slow MHD waves, and the plasma inside the two fast/slow pairs rotates around the jet axis, but in opposite directions.
Collections Access and Custom Storage Solutions at the Smithsonian’s Museum Support Center
Authors: Haigler Daniella
Published: July 2018

The National Museum of Natural History is committed to long-term stewardship of collections and to supporting their use by scientists and the general public. This stewardship role is unique among other US natural history museums. As the nation’s natural history museum, the National Museum of Natural History has a mandated commitment to conserve and protect its collections in a manner that will assure their continued accessibility by future generations and maintain the National Museum of Natural History mission.

A significant number of objects from the National Museum of Natural History are permanently stored at the Museum Support Center in Suitland, MD. This space not only includes collections from the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), but also the Museum Conservation Institute (MCI), the National Museum of American History (NMAH), the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (HMSG), the Freer Sackler Gallery (FSG) and the National Museum of African Art (AfA) as well as several other museums.

In terms of collections access and use, the museum support center has a team, Collections Support Services (CSS), dedicated to collections’ long-term care and preservation. Collections Support Services provides access and support for the 730,000 square feet of collections housed at MSC. CSS staff perform a variety of technical and labor tasks related to the cleaning, preparation, packing, transport, unpacking, and permanent storage of objects and specimens. This includes building custom aluminum pallets for oversized objects and whale skull cradles.

Moreover, while the use of palletized storage is not a new concept in museum storage, the construction of Pod 4 at the Museum Support Center in Suitland, MD posed some unique challenges for the permanent storage of oversized collections. Pod 4 provides continuous rows of 2', 4' and 8' deep cantilevered open racking from floor to ceiling (22 feet high), and allows palletized objects to be moved and placed in the racking via forklift. Traditional wooden pallets are unacceptable by archival standards, as they are acidic by nature, bulky, heavy, not fire-retardant, and prone to pest infestation. Collections Support Services circumvented these issues by establishing an innovative system of customized aluminum pallets for collections’ long-term care and preservation. These pallets are durable and lightweight, and must pass several quality control tests that include dropping and jarring. They are also designed with multiple functions in mind for ease of use, storage, transport, and maintenance.
A new remarkable species of Alloscorpiops Vachon, 1980 from Myanmar (Burma) (Scorpiones, Scorpiopidae)
Authors: Lourenço Wilson R. , Košulič Ondřej
Published: July 2018

Among the genera of the family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905Alloscorpiopsremains yet rather discrete. New species were added to this genus only recently, increasing its number from two to six. Therefore, species ofAlloscorpiopscan be considered rare and uncommonly collected. One particular new species,Alloscorpiopsviktoriaesp. n., is described based on two females and one pre-adult male collected from the northern part of central Myanmar (Burma). The new species presents most features exhibited by scorpions of the genusAlloscorpiops, but it is characterised by a moderate to small size, very strongly marked granulation, and a particular trichobothrial pattern. Aspects of the ecology and distribution of the new species are discussed and compared with those of other species of genusAlloscorpiops.
Two new species of the genus Methocha from Laos (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae)
Authors: Narita Keisuke , Mita Toshiharu
Published: July 2018

Two new species of Methocha, M.cariniventris and M.granulosa are described from Laos.
Investigating director development in South Africa
Authors: Mans-Kemp Nadia , Viviers Suzette , Staal Blanche-Mari , Van Schalkwyk Jurie
Published: July 2018

Orientation: To effectively fulfil their multiple roles, the four King Reports suggest several development mechanisms for newly appointed and seasoned directors.Research purpose: This study investigated the most prominent King III director development initiatives used by the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Top 40 companies over the period 2011–2015.Motivation for the study: Despite the emphasis on director development in the King Reports, there is a paucity of academic research on the topic. The authors hence evaluated corporate reporting on and the application of selected director development mechanisms.Research design, approach and method: A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Key words were used to conduct content analysis on the companies’ integrated reports. Disclosure and depth scores were constructed to evaluate reporting trends. To gain further insight into these trends, semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with directors who had varying levels of experience.Main findings: The majority of the JSE Top 40 companies disclosed some details regarding the director development initiatives they used. The key word analysis revealed that most companies focused their development efforts on new board appointees. The interviewees emphasised that the entire directorate should be continuously developed. Participants indicated that mentoring is an important informal development mechanism. In line with literature, they stressed that all directors should take personal responsibility for their development.Contribution/value-add: This study emphasises the importance of continuous director development beyond the orientation of new board appointees. A well-developed board is in a better position to fulfil its responsibilities to shareholders and other key stakeholders than a less developed one.
Johan Heyns and critique in the Dutch Reformed Church against apartheid: The moderator a prophet?
Authors: Strauss Piet J.
Published: July 2018

Johan Heyns was the moderator of the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church from 1986 to 1990. This church was known as a moral and theological supporter of apartheid until the 1980s. In 1980 Heyns was, for the first time, involved in public critique against the pro-apartheid stance of his church. He took an influential part in writing a new document that criticised apartheid and was accepted by the General Synod of 1986. Heyns was elected as moderator or chairman of this synod. The years from 1986 to 1990 became the busiest of his life. He became the leader in his church’s defence of the new document Church and Society in and beyond South Africa. In order to get back into the World Alliance of Reformed Churches and to stay on in the Reformed Ecumenical Synod, the Dutch Reformed Church decided to depart from its apartheid ways. Heyns’ message on apartheid was shaped by his Reformed approach to life, in which he chose reform as the method for change.
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among large commercial pig herds in South Africa
Authors: Van Lochem Shani , Thompson Peter N. , Annandale Cornelius H.
Published: July 2018

The prevalence of nasal carrier status of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs has been described elsewhere, but is unknown in South Africa. To address concerns that exist regarding the zoonotic risk that carriers pose to workers, the herd-level prevalence of MRSA was determined among 25 large (> 500 sows) commercial pig herds in South Africa, representing 45% of the large commercial herds in the country. From each herd, the nasal contents of 18 finisher pigs were sampled at the abattoir, pooled into three and selectively cultured to determine the presence of MRSA. A herd was classified as MRSA-positive if one or more of the three pooled samples cultured positive. Three of the 25 herds tested positive for MRSA, equating to a 12% herd prevalence (95% CI: 7% – 23%) among South African commercial piggeries. The prevalence of nasal MRSA carriers among large commercial pig herds in South Africa was low compared to what has been reported elsewhere and suggests a relatively low zoonotic MRSA risk to workers in South African commercial piggeries and abattoirs.
Cost-Effectiveness of Indoor Residual Spraying of Households with Insecticide for Malaria Prevention and Control in Tanzania
Authors: Stelmach Rachel , Colaço Rajeev , Lalji Shabbir , McFarland Deborah , Reithinger Richard
Published: July 2018

Using a decision-tree approach, we examined the cost-effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of households with insecticide combined with insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) distribution (IRS + ITN), compared with ITN distribution alone in the programmatic context of mainland Tanzania. The primary outcome of our model was the expected economic cost to society per case of malaria averted in children ≤ 5 years of age. Indoor residual spraying of households with insecticide data came from a program implemented in northwest Tanzania from 2008 to 2012; all other data originated from the published literature. Through sensitivity and scenario analyses, the model also examined the effects of variations in insecticide resistance, malaria prevalence, and different IRS modalities. In the base case, IRS + ITN is expected to be more expensive and more effective than the ITN-only intervention (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]: $152.36). The number of IRS rounds, IRS insecticide costs, ITN use, malaria prevalence, and the probability that a child develops symptoms following infection drove the interventions’ cost-effectiveness. Compared with universal spraying, targeted spraying is expected to lead to a higher number of malaria cases per person targeted (0.211–0.256 versus 0.050–0.076), but the incremental cost per case of malaria averted is expected to be lower (ICER: $41.70). In a scenario of increasing pyrethroid resistance, the incremental expected cost per case of malaria averted is expected to increase compared with the base case (ICER: $192.12). Tanzania should pursue universal IRS only in those regions that report high malaria prevalence. If the cost per case of malaria averted of universal IRS exceeds the willingness to pay, targeted spraying could provide an alternative, but may result in higher malaria prevalence.
Mentoring in Global Health: Formative Evaluation of Tuberculosis Research Training Programs in Ethiopia and Georgia
Authors: Comeau Dawn L. , Mishkin Kathryn , Tukvadze Nestani , Avaliani Zaza , Kempker Russell R. , Sthreshley Lisa , Magee Matthew J. , Eisen Hannah , Mariam Damen Haile , Aseffa Abraham , Blumberg Henry M.
Published: July 2018

Mentoring is a critical component of career development for research scientists and is related to mentee success both in terms of career selection and advancement. However, there are limited data on the role of mentoring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cross-cultural mentorship programs have the potential to foster the transfer of knowledge and the development of capacity to resource-poor settings. This formative evaluation explores the cultural context of mentoring in the countries of Georgia and Ethiopia. Results were used to build culturally relevant mentor training programs for two Global Infectious Disease Research Training Programs focused on tuberculosis funded by the Fogarty International Center at the US National Institutes of Health. Four focus group discussions were conducted with research trainees and mentors to explore the perceptions of mentorship, identify obstacles for successful mentoring, and generate recommendations to strengthen mentoring in each program situated in a LMIC. Data revealed the barriers to mentoring in Ethiopia and Georgia included gaps in knowledge about mentoring roles and responsibilities, lack of knowledge about the responsibilities of the trainee in a mentoring relationship, and the need to set clear expectations between mentors and trainees. All of the focus group participants desired formal mentor training. These data informed six key components of the development and implementation of the mentor training programs in both countries. The topics included the following: a foundation in mentoring, establishing expectations between mentees and mentors, increasing interactions between mentees and mentors, additional mentor training, a case study curriculum, and methods of evaluating mentoring relationships.
The woodcarving genre of Lamidi Olonade Fakeye: A synthesis of multiple artworlds
Authors: Edewor Uyoyou Nelson O.
Published: July 2018

Lamidi Olonade Fakeye’s (1928-2009) woodcarving practice from 1938-2009, bestrides different Artworlds that span from the colonial to the modern art practice periods in Nigeria. A number of studies on Lamidi exist, the trailblazer being Kevin Carroll’s (1967) book on Yoruba Religious Carvings. This paper analyses a trajectory of his practice within longstanding Yoruba woodcarvingand modern art traditions, by interrogating his training, formal repertoire, theme and patronage pattern. Adopting the  biographical and formalistic methods of art historical writing, library sources, interviews and participant observation have been employed as instruments for data collection, validation, and analysis. Conclusively, the paper advances a categorization paradigm in Lamidi’s practice. This is aimed at situating him within the matrix of Nigerian art history and development.Key Words: Artworlds, Longstanding Traditions, Igbomina/ Ekiti, Periodization, Categorization
Textile industry in Nupeland
Authors: Salahu Mohammed Lawal , Ilyasu Yakubu Ahmed
Published: July 2018

Man became conscious of whom he was when he took  sedimentary life. The consciousness led to the need to cover his body either from nakedness, to look beautiful or in response to the harsh weather; and to keep the body warm. This began with the use of leaves to animal skins then to the weaving and production of fabric for clothing. Though no one can said when clothing or textiles began in the world and in Nupeland in particular, no doubt it has a fair long history and has undergone changes overtime. It is in the light of this that using historical methodology of both  primary and secondary sources, the paper investigate textile industry in Nupeland. Using content analysis, the paper concluded that the industry in Nupeland had benefitted from the technology and skills of neighbouring communities before it became  synonymous with the Nupe. The industry has also declined due to modern production.
Multimedia and the creation of the scenographic space in the stage realization of Emmanuel Emmasealu’s nerves
Authors: Eni Kenneth Efakponana
Published: July 2018

The major objective of the scenographic team is to create an  illusion of reality, a perception of life as seen from a perspective. In doing this, the textual director (Artistic Director) usually relies on the skills and knowledge of the artistic or audio-pictorial director (Technical Director) to coordinate all the virtual and acoustic aspects of the production into a unified point of view for the audience, to reinforce the directorial approach and spine of the production. The skills and knowledge required by the artistic director in designing and coordinating the audio-pictorial  composition goes a long way in determining the artistic success of the production. This paper attempts an artistic exploration of theproduction of Emmanuel Emasealu’s Nerves as designed and directed by Idiata Frank, a third-year student of the Department of Theatre Arts, Niger Delta University in an experimental  multimedia production in which multi-media effects were well welded with two and three dimensional scenic pieces to affect a stunning presentation of the select text despite the paucity of technical facilities at the NDU theatre. The aim is to highlight the need for innovative approaches to textual and artistic directing in contemporary theatre productions. It is the opinion of the author that the theatre stands to gain from iconoclastic and new  approaches to textual an d artistic directing by upcoming studentsdirectors and designers.
The 4.2 ka BP event in the Levant
Authors: Kaniewski David , Marriner Nick , Cheddadi Rachid , Guiot Joël , Van Campo Elise
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The 4.2 ka BP event is defined as a phase of environmental stress characterized by severe and prolonged drought of global extent. The event is recorded from the North Atlantic through Europe to Asia, leading scientists to evoke a 300-yr global mega-drought. Focusing on the Mediterranean and the Near East, this abrupt climate episode radically altered precipitation, with an estimated 30–50 % drop in precipitation in the eastern basin. While many studies reveal similar trends in the northern Mediterranean (from Spain to Turkey and the northern Levant), data from northern Africa and central/southern Levant are more nuanced, suggesting a weaker imprint of this climate shift on the environment and/or different climate patterns. Here, we provide a synthesis of environmental reconstructions for the Levant and show that, while the 4.2 ka BP event also corresponds to a drier period, a different climate pattern emerges in the central/southern Levant, with two dry phases framing a wetter period, suggesting a W-shaped event, particularly well defined by records from the Dead Sea area.
Life Quality Protection Rights for Elderly People. Communities of Posorja and Puna
Authors: Alcívar Trejo Carlos , Calderón Cisneros Juan , Raffo Babici Vilma
Published: July 2018

Antecedentes: este artículo tiene como propósito medir el grado en que se satisfacen las necesidades físicas y recreativas de los adultos mayores en las comunidades de Posorja y Puna. Hoy en día, se sabe que la actividad física es beneficiosa para los ancianos, ya que ayuda para disminuir dolencias y todo tipo de enfermedades. Método: La población en este estudio está compuesta por 378 personas mayores entre 65 y 90 años de edad: 200 pertenecen a la comunidad de Posorja y 178 a la comunidad de Puna en la provincia de Guayas. Las herramientas utilizadas para esta investigación se incluyen, entre otros, la Prueba ADL (Actividades de la vida diaria), que evalúa el grado de autocuidado y movilidad; la Escala de Lawton y Brody, que es un instrumento apropiado para evaluar el nivel de independencia y habilidades; y la MMT (Mini prueba mental), que evalúa las funciones cognitivas, como la memoria, el lenguaje, la praxis y la atención. Todos son esenciales para detectar y diagnosticar la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Resultados: Se utilizaron diversas técnicas estadísticas para obtener los resultados, como el análisis descriptivo, tablas de contingencia y componentes principales. Conclusiones: Se analizó la población entre 65 y 90 años de edad que representó el 35.9% de la población total en 2010, lo que significa que hubo una variación. Hoy en día, representa el 56.6% de la muestra obtenida. Este grupo generacional se refiere a las personas mayores, que deberían ser favorecidos por las políticas públicas que se pretenden para mejorar los programas de salud, generar áreas recreativas y crear centros de cuidado para adultos mayores. En general, la dinámica demográfica de Posorja muestra una pirámide estructurada, con una población en expansión, una gran cantidad de jóvenes y adultos que contribuyen a la dinámica económica y productividad del área. El cuestionario podría modificarse y contener las especificaciones requeridas para adaptarse a las verdaderas dimensiones de esta población.
Aportes éticos y jurídicos para la discusión sobre el Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantacional: una aproximación desde el concebido
Authors: Ramos Vergara Paulina , Porte Barreaux Ignacio Raúl , Santos Alcántara Manuel
Published: July 2018

El diagnostico genético preimplantacional introduce importantes preguntas éticas y jurídicas; entonces, .cuales son los criterios que se deben tener en cuenta? En esta investigación se describen los límites que han considerado algunas legislaciones a la hora de regular esta técnica. Adicionalmente, se analizan fallos que se han pronunciado sobre problemas jurídicos causados por su aplicación, entre ellos, el error en el diagnóstico.
The Strategic Planning of the Brazilian Federal Revenue: Comparative Analysis with Similar Organs from Other Countries
Authors: Almeida Antonio Carlos de , Rojo Claudio Antonio
Published: July 2018

The strategic planning is a fundamental instrument for the management organization. The public administration is increased in that area and it had taken measures with the necessary adjustment. This research has the purpose of comparing the strategic planning of the Brazilian Federal Revenue - RFB (in Portuguese: Receita Federal do Brasil) with congener institutions from other countries. Even thought, the information available is limited, this research is able to provide a wide vision about the realities of these sectors and about the strategies that they had taken. This is an exploratory study, with a qualitative method, that aims to compare cases. The results show that the Brazilian tax administration gets a strategic planning based in international standard and that the tax administration analyzed were similar, having, in general, the same strategic orientation directed to the obtained of resources, aimed to the State and its publics policies, to safeguard the tax base, to stimulate the voluntary deadline compliance, for innovates technological solutions and the search for being recognized and respected. It was also observed that in the tax administration from developed nations the vision of future is related to the confidence that society has in these organizations, result of a consolidated tax system and in the valorization of people.
Electronic Voting and Credible Election in Nigeria: A Study of Owerri Senatorial Zone
Authors: Olusadum Nnaeto Japhet , Anulika Ndoh Juliet
Published: July 2018

The study is basically to examine electronic-voting in Nigeria elections as an improvement on the traditional paper voting with a focus on Owerri Senatorial Zone, Imo State. Worried by the frequent and debilitating incidences of electoral fraud and disenfranchisement of voters for unsubstantiated reasons, the study tended to sample opinion of respondents in Owerri on the subject as a way of strengthening democracy. Martin Hagen theory of e-democracy was adopted as theoretical framework. Hagen construes e-democracy as a strategic tool to strengthen democratic practices using the information and computer technology (ICT). The study is a survey attempt which made use of structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents. Simple per centage was used for data analysis. It is our finding among others that e-voting will reduce incidences of election fraud especially in the areas of voting and counting of votes, and also the physically challenged qualified voters and citizens living and working abroad will have opportunity to cast their votes. The study concludes that Nigeria must cash in on flourishing (ICT) to fight endemic electoral irregularities in Nigeria through firm belief in and avowed adoption of e-voting. The study recommended among others institutionalization of legal frameworks and structures that will formidably support the practice of e-voting in Owerri senatorial zone in particular and Nigeria in general.
Environmental Regulations and Trade Patterns in Hazardous Waste: Facility-level Analysis
Authors: Falkowska Aleksandra
Published: July 2018

This paper offers a fresh look at the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in the context of the waste management industry. Unlike previous research examining trade in waste products, the present study distinguishes between waste destined for final disposal and waste destined for recovery. Furthermore, it combines very disaggregated data with the highly flexible mixed logit model and a reliable measure of environmental policy stringency. Including all those elements in one analysis allowed for the uncovering of the dramatic differences in the reactions of waste generators to the environmental policy stringency of the destination country, depending on the treatment option their waste is slated for. Although there is no evidence confirming the PHH, a significant pollution haven effect has been found. This effect is apparent in the case of waste destined for final disposal. In contrast, facilities exporting waste for recovery are often attracted by the stringency of environmental policy.
Descriptions of eighteen new species of Glemparon, a previously monotypic genus of Porricondylinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Jaschhof Mathias , Jaschhof Catrin
Published: July 2018

Glemparon Jaschhof, 2013, a previously monotypic genus confined to Sweden, is shown here to be considerably richer in species, with most species found to occur in the Australasian region. Eighteen new species are described: G. tomelilla sp. nov. (from Sweden); G. aotearoa sp. nov., G. birhojohmi sp. nov., G. cervus sp. nov., G. didhami sp. nov, G. kaikoura sp. nov., G. nativitas sp. nov., G. orautahi sp. nov., G. otago sp. nov., G. pureora sp. nov., G. rakiura sp. nov., G. rotoiti sp. nov., G. rotoroa sp. nov., G. tewaipounamu sp. nov., G. waipapa sp. nov., G. waipoua sp. nov. (all from New Zealand); G. manuka sp. nov. and G. warra sp. nov. (both from Tasmania, Australia). Glemparon sagittifer Jaschhof, 2013 is redescribed. Genitalic illustrations are provided allowing for the effective identification of all the species known thus far. Morphological data obtained here are used for revising the generic definition. Dicerura Kieffer, 1898 is hypothesized as the sister group to Glemparon. The case of Glemparon is discussed as a perfect example of the fact that our collective ignorance of porricondyline diversity in most parts of the world is a major impediment to a better understanding of the European species.
Teoría y realidad constitucional en Alemania
Authors: Teoría y realidad Constitucional Teoría y realidad Constitucional
Published: July 2018

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El anteproyecto de Ley reguladora del Estatuto Básico de la función pública. Algunas consideraciones sobre sus perfiles constitucionales en el dictamen nº. 1489/ 98 de 4 de Junio de 1998, del Consejo de Estado
Authors: Teoría y realidad Constitucional Teoría y realidad Constitucional
Published: July 2018

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Cine de animación y construcción de una identidad cultural caribeña: ¡Vampiros en la Habana! de Juan Padrón y Chico y Rita de Fernando Trueba y Javier Mariscal.
Authors: Van Haesendonck Kristian
Published: July 2018

Este artículo propone analizar la representación de la identidad cultural en dos películas de animación: ¡Vampiros en la Habana! (1985), dirigida por Juan Padrón y producida por los estudios ICAIC de Cuba, y Chico y Rita (2010), dirigida por Fernando Trueba y Javier Mariscal y producida en España. Arguyo que mientras que la película de Padrón usa el humor como herramienta para problematizar el complejo contexto político y social de los ochenta, también hace hincapié en la identidad cubana de sus personajes, conjugada como cubanía y cubaneo. Trueba y Mariscal, en cambio, aparentemente usan la animación como lenguaje para moldear su película sobre el cubanismo o “efecto Buena Vista”, i.e. la comodificación de una identidad local (cubana). Mientras que la película no escapa algunos de los estereotipos que persisten sobre el Caribe, la animación sirve aquí para subrayar movimiento, sensualidad y la música de la región, así como la “caribeñidad” de los personajes. Así, Chico y Rita va más allá de preocupaciones identitarias locales y nacionales, centrándose en la expresión de una identidad caribeña diaspórica.
Monte criollo y Palermo. Cruce entre películas de gangsters, film noir y el imaginario del criollismo tanguero.
Authors: Pablo Setton Román
Published: July 2018

El siguiente trabajo analiza las películas Monte criollo (1935) y Palermo (1937), de Arturo S. Mom como dos ejemplos de las primeras aproximaciones del cine argentino al género policial o crime film. En ese sentido, discutimos los modos en que estas películas trabajan, por un lado, con motivos del cine negro y de las películas de gangsters, es decir, los modelos del cine clásico hollywoodense y, por otro, cómo fusionan estas tradiciones con elementos propios de la cultura popular argentina contemporánea, los imaginarios del tango y del criollismo. A partir de esa fusión, algunos elementos que la tradición había colocado en el ámbito de la villanía son resignificados, tal como sucede con el dominio de la voz –que la tradición del gótico y del policial identificaban con el mal– que ahora, a partir de la heroicidad local del cantor de tangos, es ennoblecido. En este sentido, mostramos también de qué modo un crimen local concreto, el secuestro y asesinato de Eugenio Pereyra Iraola, modifica en el cine la representación de los criminales. A su vez, discutimos de qué modo estas películas reelaboran los arquetipos femeninos y masculinos de la época y proponen nuevos modelos de identidades genéricas.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF TRANSITION METAL SALTS COMPLEXATION WITH ACRYLONITRILE-STYRENE COPOLYMER
Authors: Safiullina Il’nara I. , Puzin Yuriy I. , Syrlybaeva Raulya R. , Krivcik Yan , Morozova Yana , Khusnutdinova Aiygul N. , Movsum-zade Nazrin Ch.
Published: July 2018

Thermodynamic parameters of formation reactions of polymer complexes of transition metals (ZnCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2, СоС12) were obtained using the PBE96/SVP computational level. Chemical processes taking place during both direct copolymerizations in the presence of transition metal salts and at introduction of transition metal salts at final step of polymerization were considered. The success of formation reaction of polymer complexes was theoretically based with the radical polymerization into solutions of transition metal salts in the presence of zink chloride only.
RESEARCH OF STABLE TETRAHEDRON OF LiF-LiVO3-NaBr-NaVO3 QUATERNARY MUTUAL SYSTEM OF Li,Na||F,Br,VO3
Authors: Garkushin Ivan K. , Samsonova Inna N , Gubanova Tatiana V.
Published: July 2018

Phase equilibria of quaternary system LiF-LiVO3-NaBr-NaVO3 were studied with differential thermal analysis method. The temperature and composition of eutectic point was determined: Е 458 ºС: 11.2% LiF, 57.2% LiVO3, 16% NaBr, 15.6% LiVO3.
CHANGING SOME PA-6 PROPERTIES AT ITS SYNTHESIS BELOW MELTING POINT
Authors: Barannikov Mikhail V. , Bazarov Yuri M. , Usacheva Tamara S. , Koifman Oscar I.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the fractionation of PA-6 obtained at temperature below its melting point. Unfractionated samples and polymer fractions were studied by viscosimetry, thermogravimetry (TG, DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DTA). It was shown that at the first step of synthesis the polymer is formed with a predominantly linear structure and high parameters of thermal properties. At the second synthesis step the molecular weight of the polymer and its thermal properties increase and subsequent demonomerization-drying is accompanied by a further increase in the polyamide molecular weight.
VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF 3-AMINOPHTHALONITRILE
Authors: Saveliev Denis S. , Islyaikin Mikhail K. , Girichev Georgiy V.
Published: July 2018

The IR spectra of 3-aminophthalonitrile (3-AFN) were obtained for solid phase. The experimental spectra were assigned using quantum chemical calculations of different level. Comparison of experimental and calculated spectra shows a significant ambiguity of different quantum chemical methods for predicting vibration spectrum in low-frequency range and peculiarities of 3-AFN molecule structure.
CYCLIZATION OF MATRIX COPPER-BASED ELECTRODES IN NITRIC APROTIC SOLUTION OF CALCIUM SALT
Authors: Shcherbinina Oksana N. , Zakirova Svetlana M. , Murzagaliev Arman N.
Published: July 2018

Influence of calcium compounds in the structure of copper matrix preliminary modified with transition metals on the cyclization of CuCa, CuBiCa, CuPbBiCa electrodes in nitric aprotic solution of calcium salt was studied. The composition of forming calcium compounds in the copper structure and electrochemical copper-based alloys was found by X-ray analysis.
NITRILE COMPLEXES AS EFFECTIVE ANTIMICROBIAL ADDITIVES
Authors: Safiullina Ilnara I. , Babaev Elbeiy R. , Syrlybaeva Rauliya R. , Movsum-zade Nazrin Ch.
Published: July 2018

Antimicrobial properties of nitrile complexes of transition metal salts were studied including the investigation of their activity in surfactants and mineral oil environments. Experiments of the polymeric complexes preparation by in-situ copolymerization of the nitrile polymers in the presence of transition metal salts and reactions of transition metal salts added to the ready polymers were performed. The dependence of the polymer complexes forming particularities on central metal atoms nature was determined.
BIOTEMPLATED SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINA FIBRES BY CONTROLLED HYDROLYSIS OF SALT PRECURSOR
Authors: Butman Mikhail F. , Kochkina Nataliya E. , Mikhaiylova Anastasiya E. , Ovchinnikov Nikolaiy L. , Knotko Alexander V.
Published: July 2018

Alumina fibres were obrained by impregnation of the cellulose biotemplate with precursor solutions in which the hydrolysis ratio [OH-]/[Al3+] is varied and in which different aluminium oligo- and polycations content. The biotemplates and alumina fibres were studied by X-ray, TG/DSC, electrophoretic light scattering, SEM, and N2 adsorption/desorption. It was shown that the infiltration with the precursor did not affect the cellulose structure. The possibility to vary the surface area, pore size and pore volume of the ceramic fibres by controlled hydrolysis of aluminum was demonstrated.
OXIDATION OF METHANOL TO FORMALDEHYDE AT INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS USING VARIOUS IRON-MOLYBDENUM CATALYSTS
Authors: Zhukov Anatoliy B. , Rumyantsev Ruslan R , Il’yin Aleksandr A. , Il’in Aleksandr P.
Published: July 2018

The comparative analysis of operation results of two iron-molybdenum catalysts of foreign production F-1 and F-2 on an industrial large-capacity formaldehyde synthesis unit, consisting of two tubular reactors connected in series, was carried out. Variants of catalysts loading were presented and analysis of data on "hot spot" movement on the catalyst layer of the semi-annual period of reactors operation was carried out. The regularities of changes in the activity and selectivity of catalysts under consideration were examined at the beginning and end of the operation period.
DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN LACTIDE AFTER ITS RECRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Krutas Daria S. , Zamanova Margarita K. , Fedorova Oksana Yu. , Novikov Viktor T.
Published: July 2018

This article describes a method for the determination of residual solvents in lactide after its recrystallization using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The developed method is simple and linear. Study of specificity, accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility showed that the method is suitable for solving presumed problems. It allows identifying and quantifying the sufficiently small content (from 72 µg/ml) of solvents in lactide.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SPATIAL-DISTORTED DERIVATIVES OF PORPHYRINS IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: Ivanova Yulia B. , Puhovskaya Svetlana G. , Mamardashvili Nugzar Zh. , Koifman Oscar I.
Published: July 2018

Spectrophotometric titration method was used to study the acidic properties of: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(thienyl-2-yl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (I), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4’-t-butylphenyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (II), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-t-butylphe-nyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (III), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (IV), 5,15-bis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-10,20-bis(4-nitro-phenyl)-2,8,12,18-tetrame-thyl-3,7,13,17-tetraarylporphyrin (V), 5,15-bis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13, 17,18-octaethylporphyrin (VI), 5,15-bis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-2,8,12,18-tetramethyl-3,7,10,13,17,20-hexaethylporphin (VII), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylpor-phyrin (VIII) in the presence of a deprotonated agent, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene, in acetonitrile. Under deprotonation two families of spectral curves in the absorption spectra, having its own system of isobestic points, are formed. Electron absorption spectrum of molecular form transforms gradually into the spectrum of the final form of dianion with titrant concentration increase. Determination of the coordinates of the inflection (and the corresponding concentration of DBU) on the titration curve  allowed us to distinguish two areas in the electron absorption spectra of the reaction system, which are likely belong to the first and second steps of deprotonation, namely, to the formation of mono- and dianionic forms (HP–  and P2–) of the compound. Spectral characteristics of the ionized forms and combined ionization constant for the first and second steps (lgКа1 and lgКа2) were revealed. At the first step in the order of decreasing acidic properties of the ligands the compounds form a series of: III< V< VIII< VI < VII< II< IV < I; at the second step in decreasing order of the acidic properties of the ligands the compounds form a series of:.III < V < VI < II <VIII< VII < IV < I. The effect of structural and electronic properties of substituents on acid-base properties of porphyrins is analyzed. Thus, chemical modification of the macrocycle can lead to direct changes in acid-base properties of supramolecular macroheterocyclic ligands and can be a powerful tool to control the reactivity of compounds of the porphyrins class.