bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction effects of degradable nitrogen sources and straw treatment on rumen parameters and microbial protein synthesis in sheep
Authors: GHASEMI E , KHORVASH M , GHORBANI G R , HASHEMZADEH F , SAEBI-FAR M , KAHYANI A , KAZEMI-BONCHENARI M
Published: October 2023

In this study, the effects of 2 rumen degradable nitrogen, N, source (urea vs. casein) were investigated on rumen degradability, ammonia concentration, dilution rate, microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and MPS efficiency (EMPS) in sheep fed diet based on untreated straw (US) or treated straw (TS). Four rumen fistulated sheep were assigned to 1 of the 4 treatments: (i) US with urea (USU); (ii) US with casein (USC); (iii) TS with urea (TSU); and (iv) TS with casein (TSC), according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Barley straw was treated with 4.1% sodium hydroxide (w/ w DM basis; pH 11.5) followed by 2% hydrogen peroxide. The treated straw was packed in 220 l drums and kept for 6 weeks. Compared to US diets, feeding the TS diets enhanced ruminal fiber degradability (62.3 vs 46.3%), total tract organic matter (OM) digestibility (59.4 vs 53.8%), OM intake (768 vs 546 g/d), dilution rate (0.082 vs 0.056/h), and MPS (45.7 vs 29.7 g/d), but it had no effect on EMPS. Rumen fiber degradability but not the DM one of only TS enhanced with casein supplementation as compared to urea supplementation. No interaction was found between supplemented nitrogen sources and straw type. It is concluded that substitution of US with TS increased intake, digestibility and MPS when supplemented with either urea or casein as nitrogen source. However, fiber degradability was improved with casein supplementation.
Roasting and formaldehyde method to make bypass protein for ruminants and its importance: A review
Authors: KUMAR SANJAY , KUMARI RAJNI , KUMAR KAUSHALENDRA , WALLI T K
Published: October 2023

Protecting highly degradable protein sources like GN cake and mustard cake by formaldehyde treatment gave very good results in terms of increased growth rate and milk production in cattle, buffaloes and goats. Several studies were conducted to prove this point. Higher protein degradability results in wastage of dietary amino acids as urea excreted through urine. With regard to soybean cake, its protein can also be protected through heat treatment, which reduces degradability of soya protein. Heat treatment of whole soybean also enhances its palatability and the heat also destroys the anti-nutritional factors contained in raw beans. Among the most notable of these factors is the protease inhibitor, which binds the digestive enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin, rendering it unavailable to the host animal. Thus, properly processed soybean is an excellent feed ingredient which can be incorporated in the ration for high yielding cattle, buffaloes and for growing calves. Roasting of soybean is the most common heat treatment given to this proteinous feed and the roasted soybean can be incorporated even in the complete feed blocks, to act as a concentrated source of energy and protein, for high yielding dairy cows producing 15 to 20 kg of milk / day. Formaldehyde treatment of cakes (GN cake, mustard cake and soybean cake) effectively reduces their protein degradability and feeding of such treated cakes improved performance of animals in terms of growth and milk production. The treated cake has no effect on the health of animals or the milk quality. The method is also low cost and feasible, the technology has gone commercial in India.
Bioconcentration of hexavalent chromium in different organs and induction of micronuclei in peripheral blood cells of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham, 1822)
Authors: MALLESH B , PANDEY P K , KUMAR KUNDAN , VENNILA A , SHUKLA S P , RAMAN R P , KUMAR SAURAV
Published: October 2023

The fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham, 1822) were exposed to different concentrations of chromium in the form of K2Cr2O7. LC50 for 96 h was calculated as 52.187 mg L–1. For sub-lethal toxicity test fishes were exposed to different concentrations of 10.437, 5.218 and 3.479 mg L–1 for 60 days. In comparison to control under the same conditions, the experimental fish showed remarkable change in the accumulation pattern in muscle, gills and liver. The Cr content was measured and the highest concentration was found in liver (61.91±0.73 μg g–1) followed by gills (16.67±0.08 μg g–1) and muscle (8.97±0.06 μg g–1). Frequencies of micronuclei were evaluated in peripheral blood erythrocytes. Cells showed differential sensitivity to the heavy metal treatment. In general, frequencies of MNi cells significantly increased following the exposure for 60 days to chromium. Frequencies of micronuclei formation in erythrocytes varied from 0.83±0.06% to 6.37±0.56%. The results indicated that this heavy metal has genotoxic effects in the fish.
Flying riddles
Authors: Røstad Ingunn M.
Published: October 2023

Flying riddles

Disentangeling animal style elements on Merovingian-periode bird brooches
How to become an Iron Age weaver
Authors: Stoltz Randi
Published: October 2023

How to become an Iron Age weaver

An experiment based on a new analysis of a tablet-woven band with animal motifs from Snartemo II (Agder, Norway AD 500)
Racisme sistèmic, xenofòbia i afrodescendència a la República Dominicana.
Authors: Lopez Alterachs Joan
Published: October 2023

En la present recerca analitzo el comportament marcadament racista d’amplis sectors de la societat dominicana, fent especial èmfasi en les particularitats de la província de La Romana, una zona on el cultiu intensiu de canya de sucre ha fet de la immigració haitiana la seva font de mà d’obra barata per excel·lència. Aquest fet implica que la qüestió racial a la República Dominicana abasti dues vessants ben diferenciades, una que associa de manera preponderant color de pell i classe, i una altra que associa afrodescendència amb la haitià-descendència, generant una profunda xenofòbia vers el país veí. La mixtura entre els prejudicis racials d’origen colonial amb les darreres onades migratòries al país, fan de la República Dominicana un brou de cultiu cromàtic,concebut com indigne per a una societat moderna, postulada com a pol d’atracció turístic a nivell mundial. Ens trobem davant d’una societat que, tot iser d’aclaparadora majoria afrodescendent, no dubta en classificar negativament, i de forma tant sistemàtica com estructural, a aquelles persones amb fenotips més afro. Una societat on encara a dia d’avui, el color de la pell pot ser decisiu a l’hora deproporcionar privilegis, tanmateix perpetuant la subalternitat de les persones que no gaudeixen defenotips més eurodescendents.
Determination of Antibacterial Efficacy of Lactoferrin Glycoprotein Obtained from Cow Colostrum
Authors: SABANCILAR İlhan , TOPRAK Gülten , TEMİZ Hakan
Published: October 2023

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect levels of Lactoferrin protein in cow colostrum. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lactoferrin protein obtained from a natural product on the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugenosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Method: Lactoferrin at 4 different concentrations (100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml) was impregnated on 6 mm discs prepared from filter paper and placed on the MHA plate and after incubation at 37˚C for 24 hours, inhibition was evaluated. The antibacterial effect levels of naturally obtained lactoferrin at different concentrations were compared.

Results: It was determined that the antibacterial activity of lactoferrin against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher than the other bacterial species in the study. It was determined that Lactoferrin at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml had the least inhibitory effect in the studied bacteria. It was concluded that E.coli and S. aureus were bacteria resistant to the antibacterial activity of lactoferrin.

Conclusion: It was observed that this effect was limited in E.coli bacteria. In the light of these results, it was concluded that Lactoferrin, an antibacterial agent, has different antibacterial effects depending on the bacterial species and dose.
Long Non-Coding RNA H19 Expression in Leukemia Patients
Authors: ASLAN Kadir Sinan , AGÜLOĞLU FİNCAN Sema
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective: BCR-ABL fusion gene occurs with the formation of translocations in the t(9;22) region of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which is used as a diagnostic biomarker in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). These abnormal genetic changes, which cover 15% of leukemias, reach dimensions that threaten human life. Recent studies have determined that thousands of genes expressed in differentiation and development processes contain non-protein-coding RNA with a regulatory role. Of these, the first discovered long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) H19 has been associated with its biological role, cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis Therefore, studies have been conducted considering that LncRNA H19 can be used as a biological marker in CML patients.
Method: For this study, blood from 72 CML patients over 18 years of age and 64 healthy individuals were used. After RNA isolation of each of these bloods and cDNAs were obtained, the expression levels of the LncRNA H19 gene were analyzed by Real Time PCR method.
Results: As a result of the expression study, it was found that LncRNA H19 gene expression increased 4.37 times and was upregulated in Bcr-Abl positive patients (p=0.414683).
Conclusion: In this study conducted in Diyarbakır region, we think that LncRNA H19, which is up-regulated in terms of CML profiles, can be used as a biological marker for new treatment applications.
Genetic variability studies of major yield components in segregating population derived from pistillate lines of castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: C LAVANYA  , T MANJUNATHA  , S SENTHILVEL  , K T RAMYA
Published: October 2023

A segregating population was developed by crossing two pistillate (female) lines of castor viz., IPC-23 and IPC-21. Population behavior was studied to understand the variability for major yield and yield components. The distribution of node number, plant height and seed yield were deviated fromnormal distribution and it was positively skewed with significant leptokurtic curve indicating that the two parents with high seed yield were selected for population development. Positive skewness indicates that the plants with exceptionallyhigh seed yield were isolated from the population. Difference between phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) was very low to moderate for major yield components viz., number of effective spikes per plant, number of nodes to primary spike, plant height, total spike length and effective spike length of primary indicating that phenotypic selection can be effectively used for yield improvement. High heritability and genetic advance over mean (GAM) indicated the role of additive gene action for plant height and total/effective primary spike length. Correlation of number of nodes up to the primary spike with plant height up to primary spike, and total/effective spike length was positive indicating the possibility of short-statured, early pistillate selections with long primary spikes in castor.
Dissemination and impact assessment of improved technology and scientific interventions through front line demonstrations among sesame farmers of Tikamgarh, Bundelkhand Region in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: SHOBHARAM THAKUR  , SHIV RATAN  , M K NAYAK
Published: October 2023

Frontline demonstrations are popular and one of the effective ways to disseminate the current production technology of crop husbandry among the farmers. AICRP on Sesame, Tikamgarh conducted 40 demonstrations in Tikamgarh block during kharif 2020 and 2021. The mean Extension Gap (EG) over years was recorded as 342 kg/ha which was more than double to the mean yield harvested under farmer's practice (FP) indicating the poor adoption of innovative technologies by farmers. Hence, still more efforts are needed to attract and change mindset of farmers towards Improved Technology (IT). The average IT was recorded as 23.5% which was much higher than desired values. Mean net return was recorded `34375 under IT while it was `12229 under FP along with average B:C ratio was calculated 2.57 under IT whereas 1.97 under FP.
Determination Analysis of Indonesian Palm Oil Commodities in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era on Indonesian Per Capita Gdp and Export Tax Revenues
Authors: Cancerio Reynaldo Ernesth , Murti Wahyu
Published: October 2023

Background: The fundamental problem faced in the process of economictransformation in Indonesia is that the GDP growth of the agricultural andplantation sectors is still relatively low and the contribution of tax revenuefrom exports has not been optimal, especially in the midst of the Covid-19pandemic era.Aim: The data is compiled in the form of panel data consisting of 10provinces producing the largest production of palm oil in Indonesia and witha time series of research period 2012-2021. The research model wasformulated as a linear model and analyzed recursively using linearregression using the ordinary least squares method (OLS).Method: This study uses the explanatory method to explain the causalrelationship in Indonesia's GDP growth model per capita and Indonesia'sexport tax revenue through hypothesis testing.Findings: The research findings are that production, selling prices,exchange rates, and exports have a simultaneous effect on Indonesia's GDPper capita and export tax revenues. In part, Indonesia's GDP per capita ismore determined by production, selling prices, and exchange rates.Meanwhile, some export tax revenues are more influenced by production andselling prices
Relationship Of Facilities And Compensationt To Permata Sejahtera Bekasi Foundatio Employees Performance
Authors: Widi Prakasa Ari
Published: October 2023

Research purposes; (1). To determine the effects of existing work facilities on the performance of foundation employees. (2). To determine the effects of employee compensation on the performance of foundation employees. (3). To determine the effects of work facilities and work compensation together on the performance of foundation employees. By using research methods, quantitative research approaches. In a process to find problems related to science using data in the form of mathematical and statistical numbers, as a means and tools to analyze the data collected as desired. Result: There is a significant effect between means and compensation on employee performance. There is a simultaneous influence of the means and compensation variables have a significant effect on employee performance. Means and compensation are proven to be able to partially mediate that can affect employee performance in the Permata Sejahtera Foundation Bekasi.
The Effect Of Taxpayer Awareness, Public Service Accountability, And Tax Sanctions On Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Compliance
Authors: Kuilim Tiara , Blongkod Harun , Mahdalena Mahdalena
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of taxpayer awareness, public service accountability and tax sanctions on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. The data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to motor vehicle taxpayers in SAMSAT Gorontalo City. The determination of samples in this study used the slovin formula so that the number of samples in this study amounted to 139. Data analysis in this study used SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis with the help of the AMOS program.

The results showed that 1) Taxpayer awareness has a significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, 2) Public service accountability has an insignificant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, 3) Tax Sanctions have no significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, 4) Taxpayer awareness, public service accountability, and tax sanctions simultaneously affect motor vehicle taxpayer compliance
paradoxo da popularidade no rastreamento mamográfico e a prevenção quaternária
Authors: Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: October 2023

Introdução: Apesar dos sobrediagnósticos (diagnósticos de doenças que não se manifestariam clinicamente) no rastreamento mamográfico terem tornado duvidoso o balanço benefícios-danos, persistem suas recomendações positivas às mulheres (>50 anos) e aos profissionais, o que demanda prevenção quaternária — evitação de danos iatrogênicos e sobremedicalização. Nessa persistência, estão envolvidos expectativas fictícias, cultura moralista preventivista, medicina de vigilância e biocapitalismo (interesses econômicos). Argumentamos que o “paradoxo da popularidade” — expansão paradoxal da popularidade dos rastreamentos alimentada pela produção de seus danos iatrogênicos — tem mais importância nesse contexto do que se tem considerado. Objetivo: Descrever e discutir alguns modos de operação possíveis desse paradoxo nos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Ensaio baseado em literatura selecionada intencionalmente. Resultados: Para além da síntese desse paradoxo nas populações, sua operacionalidade em profissionais de saúde envolve fatores cognitivos (invisibilidade dos casos sobrediagnosticados, diluição dos casos graves entre os sobrediagnosticados e feedbacks cognitivos apenas positivos na experiência clínica), políticos (interesses corporativos e comerciais poderosos) e psicológicos (significativa recompensa subjetiva de tratar mais pessoas com ótimo resultado e menor desgaste emocional derivado do cuidado aos casos sobrediagnosticados, além de outros comuns vieses psicocognitivos). Conclusões: Os processos discutidos podem ser relevantes para a prevenção quaternária e um melhor manejo clínico e institucional desse rastreamento, que deve envolver os profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde e vários outros atores sociais.
Tutoría virtual en la formación académica y humana de estudiantes de la UNAMBA
Authors: Cari-Incahuanaco Francisco , Fuentes-Huamán Yhon , Condori-Quispe Maritza
Published: October 2023

Time has been a primordial witness in the evolution of human knowledge; day by day, as a result of human ingenuity, an impressive amount of technological novelties appear, breaking all kinds of barriers and increasing the interest in designing new virtual tools that lead to multidisciplinary learning [1]. This research determines the contribution of virtual tutoring in the academic and human formation of students of the Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac; virtual tutoring is a process of accompaniment during the training of tutored students, through personalized attention to students by tutor teachers, conceptually supported by learning theories that enable a better approach to students, whose work of the tutor teacher is to help students learn to successfully complete their professional career, it is also very important to mention the existence of a mutual relationship between tutor and tutored, in this interrelationship virtual communication should be fluid and harmonious between the two actors. The results obtained in the specific hypothesis tests show that virtual tutoring contributes significantly to the academic formation of UNAMBA students; thus, the surveys show that virtual tutoring contributes to the human formation of UNAM-BA students.
Metodología para el diagnóstico y la gestión de mantenimiento en las subestaciones eléctrica de los grupos de generación distribuida
Authors: Ruano-González Carlos Manuel
Published: October 2023

La generación distribuida juega un papel importante en la disponibilidad en los Sistema Eléctrico de Potencias. Por su naturaleza, cambia la concepción de las técnicas de mantenimiento respecto a las tradicionalmente usadas en las subestaciones convencionales, por lo que la gestión para su realización debe estar bien concebida y fundamentada para lograr su eficiencia operacional. Partiendo de esta consideración, se dirige el análisis hacia el diagnóstico y mantenimiento de las celdas de la subestación del grupo de generación con fuel oíl HYUNDAI de 40 MW ubicado en la cuidad de Camaguey Cuba. Actualmente no se cuenta con un proceder para realizar esta actividad, y se emplean procedimientos aplicados a las subestaciones de exteriores. Después de estudios realizados ante las frecuentes averías que han comprometido el servicio y provocados daños a los equipos que componen las celdas, se propone una metodología para el diagnóstico y la gestión del mantenimiento a este tipo de subestaciones, lográndose reducir las averías y reducir los costos por concepto de mantenimiento.
Método de Box-Jenkins para el pronóstico de consumo de energía eléctrica del 2021-2023
Authors: Añasco-Chata Dennis Uriel , Huata-Panca Percy , Mamani-Vilca Ecler , Jimenez-Chura Adolfo Carlos , Tapia-Catacora Pablo Cesar
Published: October 2023

The work was to determine a time series model based on the Box-Jenkins method, which is appropriately adjusted to the original series in the forecast of electricity consumption in the region of Puno Peru,  for the next three years (2021-2023), this would allow the company Electro Puno to have the model to support decision making, which conform to its corporate objectives in a medium-term time horizon, ensuring the distribution and marketing of electricity. The study was quantitative with non-experimental design, trend longitudinal cut, the population was 84 reports of monthly electricity consumption represented in (MWh/month), considering a commercial period of 7 years, the three phases of the Box-Jenkins methodology were applied as: identification, estimation and validation of the model, arriving to determine a multiplicative seasonal ARIMA (0,1,3)×(2,0,0,0)_12 model that adjusted perfectly to the series under study, being of "high precision" with a MAPE value of 2. 79% , finally in the last phase of the methodology, monthly forecasts of electricity consumption were made, with an average deviation for each forecast of a MAE value =625.80 MWh.
La mejor opción para predecir el precio máximo de las acciones de Intel Corporation: ¿Árbol de regresión o Regresión Lineal Múltiple?
Authors: Carpio-Vargas Edgar Eloy , Mayda-Huanca Alicia Roxana , Espinoza-Rivas German Rafael , Mamani Vilca Ecler , Ccolqque Ruiz Betsabe Milagros
Published: October 2023

The objective of the study was to compare the performance of the Regression Tree versus the Multiple Linear Regression Model in relation to the opening price and daily sales volume of Intel Corporation shares. A descriptive correlational non-experimental correlational research with cross-sectional design was conducted using a convenience sample. The sample consisted of 410 records collected from May 2018 to October 2019, obtained through documentary review. The results obtained showed that the Regression Tree established that the most significant variable to explain the maximum stock price was the opening price, discarding the volume variable. The Mean Squared Error obtained was $1.4480. On the other hand, the multiple linear regression model, using the outlier elimination technique, presented a Residual Standard Error of 0.2257 dollars. In conclusion, it was determined that the most adequate model to predict the maximum price of Intel Corporation shares is the Multiple Linear Regression Model with the elimination of outlier points.
Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Team (STAD) Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Kalimat Efektif
Authors: Rizaldy Dedy Richi
Published: October 2023

Sering sekali mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan menulis kalimat efektif dalam penulisan ilmiah, hal ini akhirnya dapat terselesaikan dengan memadukan model STAD dalam proses pelatihan penulisan ilmiah di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penggunaan model pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Team (STAD) untuk meningkatkan  keterampilan menulis kalimat efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dirancang dalam dua siklus kegiatan, Penilaian berupa nilai proses dan hasil yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan hasil menulis . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada siklus I ketuntasan mencapai 46%, dan siklus II telah mencapai 100%, dengan demikian kemampuan menulis kalimat efektif dapat ditingkatkan melalui model pembelajaran STAD.
Buscas por similaridade com diversificação de resultados apoiadas por índices métricos
Authors: Jasbick Daniel L. , de Oliveira Daniel , Bedo Marcos V. N.
Published: October 2023

A diversificação de resultados enriquece consultas k-NN ao recuperar objetos diferentes entre si. Nossa primeira contribuição, o algoritmo diversity browsing, estende a rotina k-NN incremental distance browsing, garantindo a diversificação de resultados por meio de critérios de Influência. Nossa segunda contribuição analisa o método diversity browsing em espaços de alta dimensionalidade da perspectiva da Dimensionalidade Intrínseca Local (LID). Uma extensa investigação revelou que (i) a diversificação é limitada tanto pela LID quanto pelo particionamento por Influência, (ii) o diversity browsing gera espaços amostrais por consulta com menor concentração de distâncias em comparação aos dados originais, (iii) índices ajustados aceleram o diversity browsing em trechos de baixas/médias LID, e (iv) a diferença de desempenho entre k-NN com e sem diversificação de resultados diminui com a LID.
Main Memory Database Instant Recovery
Authors: Magalhães Arlino , Monteiro José Maria , Brayner Ângelo
Published: October 2023

Main Memory Databases (MMDBs) technology handles the primary database in Random Access Memory (RAM) to provide high throughput and low latency. However, volatile memory makes MMDBs much more sensitive to system failures. The contents of the database are lost in these failures. As a result, systems may be unavailable for a long time until the database recovery process has been finished. Therefore, novel recovery techniques are needed to repair crashed MMDBs as quickly as possible. This thesis presents MM-DIRECT, a recovery technique that enables MMDBs to schedule transactions immediately after the system startup. The approach also implements a tuple-level consistent checkpoint to reduce the recovery time. To validate the proposed approach, experiments were performed in a prototype implemented on the Redis database. The results show that the proposed instant recovery technique effectively provides high transaction throughput rates even during the recovery process and normal database processing.
Towards Auditable and Intelligent Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage
Authors: Nóbrega Thiago , Eduardo S. Pires Carlos , Cassimiro Nascimento Dimas
Published: October 2023

Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage (PPRL) intends to integrate private/ sensitive data from several data sources held by different parties. It aims to identify records (e.g., persons or objects) representing the same real-world entity over private data sources held by different custodians. Due to recent laws and regulations (e.g., General Data Protection Regulation), PPRL approaches are increasingly demanded in real-world application areas such as health care, credit analysis, public policy evaluation, and national security. As a result, the PPRL process needs to deal with efficacy (linkage quality), and privacy problems. For instance, the PPRL process needs to be executed over data sources (e.g., a database containing personal information of governmental income distribution and assistance programs), with an accurate linkage of the entities, and, at the same time, protect the privacy of the information. In this context, our work presents contributions to improve the privacy and quality capabalities of the PPRL. Moreover, we propose improvement to the linkage quality and simplify the process by employing Machine Learning techniques to decide whether two records represent the same entity, or not; and enable the auditability the computations performed during PPRL.
Recomendação de Conteúdo Baseada em Localização e Interesse: uma aplicação com o CidadeSocial
Authors: Terra Maia Nícolas , Cruz de França Tiago
Published: October 2023

Muitas aplicações buscam agregar valor explorando o conceito de gelocalização, entre elas, o CidadeSocial: uma mídia social voltada à colaboração entre pessoas com interesses comuns que convivem nos mesmos espaços urbanos. No CidadeSocial, a disseminação da informação prioriza os interesses das pessoas, mesmo que estes não se conheçam, e precisa recomendar conteúdo com base na proximidade das pessoas. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de recomendação que prioriza etiquetas de interesse e a proximidade física dos seus usuários. Uma implementação foi construída como um serviço, foram realizados testes de software e ela integrada ao CidadeSocial.
Machine learning derived sub-seasonal to seasonal extremes
Authors: Salles Civitarese Daniel , Zadrozny Bianca
Published: October 2023

Improving the accuracy of sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) extremes can significantly impact society. Providing S2S forecasts in the form of risk or extreme indices can aid in disaster response, especially for drought and flood events. Additionally, it can provide updates on disease outbreaks and aid in predicting the occurrence, duration, and decline of heatwaves. This work uses a transformer model to predict the daily temperature distributions in the S2S scale. We analyze how the model performs in extreme temperatures by comparing its output distributions with those obtained from ECMWF forecasts across different metrics. Our model produces better responses for temperatures in average and extreme regions. Also, we show how our model better captures the heatwave that hit Europe in the summer of 2019.
Perspective Chapter: iPEAR-MOOC
Authors: Wunder Iris , Maloszek Ruth
Published: October 2023

Augmented Reality (AR) has been developing rapidly in the past years, and the acceptance of this technology is growing amongst the users of smartphones and tablets. Educational applications and resources that use AR technology are also growing in both number and quality. However, most educators lack sufficient digital skills and are unaware of the pedagogical approaches necessary to use the available digital tools to advance their teaching practices and their professional development. An international team of researchers from the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany), NTNU (Norway), AETMALab (Greece), Akto (Greece) and Eucen (Spain) started an EU-funded project to explore the possibilities of engaging higher education students by combining AR And peer learning. As part of the project, a MOOC started in October 2022 (https://imoox.at/course/ipear) to share the iPEAR approach created by the project group. In this 4-week course, students learn about AR tools, pear learning, and how to implement the combination of both into their seminars. Participants work in peer groups to create a first augmentation and provide a pedagogical background for their projects. The chapter will describe the experiences with and results from the MOOC.
Impact of Gun Trafficking on the Political Economy of Nigeria
Authors: Hamidu Ishaku
Published: October 2023

Nigeria is a country with huge population, large landmass and numerous natural endowments on the African continent. These are not only assets for solid economic growth and development, but a vital stimulant to attract direct foreign investments. Using qualitative research method and exploring some secondary data, it is discovered that gun trafficking is affecting the polity and socioeconomic activities negatively. Gun trafficking due to porous border security and lucrative gun economy has exacerbated ethno-religious conflicts, increase banditry/abductions, herders-farmers clashes, electoral violence, discouraging direct foreign investments, displacement of farmers and other business workers from their places of abode/job, high expenditure on weapons as against other vital socioeconomic needs, and has introduced a new phraseology into Nigerian state: unknown gunmen, bandits, armed men/groups, etc. Consequently, several parts of Nigeria are insecure, socioeconomic activities are partially grounded and the country, highly indebted. Authorities are urged to rise up to these challenges embark on massive enlightenment for all crafts (herders-farmers) to live in peace, liaise with neigbouring countries to check illegal movements and trafficking in guns and other contraband items, equip security operatives for maximum productivity and overcome corruption for the safety of the personnel, the economy and the polity at large.
Augment-Me: An Approach for Enhancing Pilot’s Helmet-Mounted Display Visualization for Tactical Combat Effectiveness and Survivability
Authors: Compierchio Angelo , Tretten Phillip , Illankoon Prasanna
Published: October 2023

A learning framework for combining state-of-the-art augmented reality (AR) technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) for helmet-mounted display applications in combat aviation has been proposed to explore perceptual and cognitive performance factors and their influence on mission needs. The analysis originated through examining helmet-mounted display (HMD) design features and their configurations for tactical situational awareness (SA). In accomplishing this goal, the relationship between the pilot visual search and recent advancements in AI have been gauged as a background source to unlock pilot’s uncued visual search limit. In this context, the Augment-Me framework is introduced with the ability to view and organize SA information in a predictive way. The provisioning of AI-augmented fixation maps could effectively outperform current AR-HMD capabilities, facilitating human decision while pursuing the detection and compensation of the mechanisms of human error.
Evolution of Biometric Formulas and Intraocular Lens Selection in Challenging Cases
Authors: Karataş Ezgi , Aslı Utine Canan
Published: October 2023

Various novel intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas have been described to increase refractive precision following cataract surgery. These include the Barrett Universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO), Kane, Naeser 2, Olsen, Panacea, Pearl DGS, Radial Basis Function (RBF), T2, and VRF formulas. With a few notable exceptions, historical and regression formulas—first- and second-generation IOL formulas like Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraff (SRK), Binkhorst, Hoffer, and SRKII—are generally regarded as outdated. The effective lens position (ELP) is accounted for in third- and fourth-generation formulas which include more biometric data. A possible alternative that has shown to be remarkably accurate when used with the Olsen method is ray tracing. Artificial intelligence-derived IOL formulas are becoming increasingly common and may yield better lens power prediction accuracy. Despite improvements in surgical technique, biometry measurements, and IOL calculations, some clinical circumstances continue to challenge cataract surgeons to determine the appropriate IOL power. These unique situations include pediatric eyes, post-refractive eyes, and corneal ectasias. The obstacles to reliability include unrepeatable measurements and inaccurate biometry examinations. Researchers have tried to identify the most accurate IOL estimations for these challenging clinical scenarios to overcome these obstacles.
Potential Mechanisms of Hearing Loss Due to Impaired Potassium Circulation in the Organ of Corti
Authors: Spitzmaul Guillermo , Rías Ezequiel , Dionisio Leonardo
Published: October 2023

Hearing loss (HL) is a common condition that significantly affects an individual’s quality of life. Impaired potassium circulation in the organ of Corti (OC), including the movement of potassium into hair cells (HCs) and from hair cells to supporting cells (SCs), can contribute to hearing loss. This chapter aims to provide a better understanding of cochlear potassium ion homeostasis and its dysfunction in this context. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. Various factors contribute to it, including aging, exposure to loud noise, genetics, medications, and infections. In all of them, some level of potassium circulation alteration is present. Potassium plays a crucial role in hearing function as it is the moving charge that depolarizes hair cells in response to sound perception. It generates the endocochlear potential (EP) which provides the driving force for potassium movement. Disruptions in potassium circulation due to molecular alterations in ion channels and transporters can lead to hair cells dysfunction and cell death. Moreover, drugs that affect potassium circulation can also cause hearing loss. Understanding the molecular and tissue changes resulting from potassium circulation deficits is essential for developing targeted treatments and preventive measures for potassium-related hearing disorders.
Organic Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Azam Sikander , Farzik Ijaz Muhammad
Published: October 2023

This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of organic thermoelectric materials and their potential applications. Organic materials have recently emerged as promising candidates for thermoelectric devices due to their unique combination of electrical conductivity and thermal properties. The chapter begins by discussing the fundamental principles and mechanisms underlying the thermoelectric effect in organic materials, including the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. It further explores various strategies employed to enhance the thermoelectric performance of organic materials, such as molecular design, doping, and nanostructuring. Additionally, the chapter highlights recent advancements in the synthesis and characterization of organic thermoelectric materials, including polymer-based systems, small organic molecules, and hybrid organic-inorganic composites. The discussion also extends to the evaluation techniques and metrics used to assess the thermoelectric efficiency of organic materials. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the challenges and opportunities in the field, such as stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, along with potential applications in energy harvesting, waste heat recovery, and wearable electronics. Overall, this book chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of organic thermoelectric materials and their significant role in advancing thermoelectric technology.
Repeatability Assessment of the Wavelia#2 Microwave Breast Imaging Scan: Experimental Performance Analysis Prior to Clinical Investigation
Authors: Fasoula Angie , Arvanitis Petros , Duchesne Luc
Published: October 2023

Microwave imaging is an emerging imaging modality with the potential to support the diagnosis of breast cancer. Over the last two decades, a notable number of MicroWave Breast Imaging (MWBI) prototype devices have been developed and experimentally tested in Europe, North America and Asia. A small number of prototypes are currently in large-scale clinical investigations towards the demonstration of clinical efficacy, as well as identification of the clinical cases for which MWBI could bring added value over the existing breast imaging modalities. In this chapter, the methodology employed for quantitative assessment of the Wavelia#2 MWBI system reliability based on experimental data is presented. The analysis includes an assembly of the most representative findings from the series of the MWBI experimental tests performed on breast phantoms after installation of the Wavelia#2 investigational device at Galway University Hospital (GUH) – Symptomatic Breast Unit for a Phase-II Pilot clinical investigation. To the authors’ knowledge, the notion of MWBI scan and reconstructed image repeatability assessment has never been addressed before in the MWBI state-of-the-art.
Discovery Space: A Technology-Enhanced Classroom for Deeper Learning in STEM
Authors: Alexander Sotiriou Sofoklis , X. Bogner Franz
Published: October 2023

Traditional assessments of cognitive skills (in general) and knowledge acquisition (in specific) are in place in most educational systems. Though not in line with innovative and multidisciplinary curricula as proposed by current reforms, they require in-depth understanding and authentic application. This divergence must be addressed if STEM education is to become a fulfilling learning experience and an essential part of the core education paradigm everywhere. An alternative approach for assessment offers Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools designed to continuously monitor the individual progress, provide targeted feedback, and assess the student’s mastery. All this information might be collated throughout a student’s time in formal (and in some cases in informal or non-formal) educational settings. While the use of AI-driven continuous assessment offers a replacement of high-stakes stop-and-test examinations, its application needs to take into consideration its benefits and challenges. These applications (AI-enabled adaptive and continuous assessment) have been heralded as constituting a “fourth education revolution.” However, concerns include challenges regarding their effective integration into educational practice, the lack of robust evidence for their efficacy and potential impact on teachers’ roles. In this chapter, we present our vision based on long-lasting experience in employing ICT-based innovations in education. Our roadmap for the AI-enhanced classroom for deeper learning in STEM is supposed to facilitate the transformation of the traditional classroom to an environment to promote scientific exploration and support the development of key skills for all students. We describe the findings from a large-scale foresight research exercise that increases the understanding of the potential, opportunities, barriers, and risks of using emerging technologies (AI-enabled assessment systems combined with AR/VR interfaces) for STEM teaching. Our approach builds upon the extended use of an Exploratory Learning Environment that has been designed to facilitate students’ inquiry and problem-solving while they are working with virtual and remote labs. By enabling this platform with AI-driven lifelong learning companions to provide support and guidance we intend to enhance learning experiences, facilitate collaboration, and support problem-solving. The provision of elaborated Good Practice Scenarios may adjust options for learners of quite different achievement levels and equip them with the skills necessary for the use of technology in creative, critical, and inclusive ways.
Haemorrhoids: Aetiology to Management
Authors: Naniksingh Kukreja Ajit
Published: October 2023

The definition of “haemorrhoids” and the epidemiology of these conditions have long been contentious. Unfortunately, we still do not understand the full scope of this phenomenon despite years of studies, discussions, and pathogenetic theories. The ancient Greek words “haema,” which means blood, and “rhoos,” which means flow, are where the name “haemorrhoid” is derived from. The word “piles,” which is derived from the Latin word “pila,” which means anal swelling (round mass), is another term for haemorrhoids. Since the birth of English physician John of Arderne (1307 AD), when haemorrhoids were typically referred to as piles, the term “piles” has become widely used. Haemorrhoids are still used to refer to piles with mass rather than haemorrhagic (bleeding) piles. One of the most common disorders affecting adults in industrialized nations is haemorrhoids. According to published statistics, 60–70% of those over the age of 40 experience haemorrhoid symptoms. In the hierarchy of coloproctological illnesses, haemorrhoids make up roughly 40%. Coloproctologists have already firmly incorporated minimally invasive treatments for haemorrhoids into their routine care in recent years. These treatments have a variety of benefits over surgical approaches, including the capacity to be used as outpatient procedures without causing any impairment, high efficacy in the early stages of the disease, and few complications. Internal and external haemorrhoids are two different types of haemorrhoids. Haemorrhoids may be caused by a low-fibre diet, constipation, prolonged pushing, pregnancy, and obesity. The diagnosis of haemorrhoids must be made after a thorough review of the patient’s medical history, physical examination, and further evaluation. The treatment for haemorrhoids, which includes both medication and surgical options, is dependent on how severe the condition is. In this chapter, we attempt to cover everything from aetiology to the management of haemorrhoids.
Defining and Implementing Autonomy in Multi-Drone Systems
Authors: Anicho Ogbonnaya
Published: October 2023

Defining autonomy or autonomous capability from the context of a single drone is often the default position. However, future drone applications will deploy as multi-drone systems comprising multiple drones. Such systems will carry out specific and complex tasks cooperatively in various use scenarios. It is imperative to understand how autonomy for these multi-drone systems could be better defined for design, regulatory and operational purposes. The chapter proposes a framework for defining and evaluating autonomy for multi-drone systems by segregating the system into hierarchies and layers. In the work, a typical multi-drone system is segregated into three (3) layers consisting of; Single Vehicle Control (Layer 1), Multi-Vehicle Control (Layer 2) and Global Mission Control (Layer 3). This framework could be beneficial to designers, regulators and standardisation efforts. Currently, some progress is in motion to find a consensus on the definition and ramifications of autonomy levels and human-autonomy interactions. This chapter contributes to the ongoing efforts by proposing a framework that addresses autonomy or autonomous capability for multi-drone systems.
Rotating Cosmological Models, or How Matter and Light Can Escape from a Rotating Black Hole
Authors: Dejonghe Herwig
Published: October 2023

We show how to construct models for rotating black holes with comoving matter inside, and how they canc be interpreted as models for rotating universes. The metric along the polar axis of such a black hole is fundamentally different from the metric elsewhere inside the black hole. We show that this creates the possibility that matter or light can escape through the poles. As a corollary, we show how the Lemaitre-Tolman metric can be obtained from the Schwarzschild metric.
Closed Loop Universe and the Topology of Totality
Authors: G. Albrow Michael
Published: October 2023

The author suggests a cosmology based on just two principles: (1) no boundaries to spacetime and (2) no physical infinities. On the hypothesis that these are exactly true, and that charge conjugation, parity and time reversal invariance (CPT) is a perfect symmetry at the big bang, answers are provided to many puzzles, such as what happened to the antimatter, what happened before the big bang, and what will happen in the far future? Consequences are that our universe U is closed (with positive curvature) and so the total energy, angular momentum and charge of the universe must be zero. At the big bang a universe-antiuniverse pair, UU¯ is created as a virtual fluctuation in what we may call Outer SpaceTime, along with a vast number of other disconnected universes—the multiverse. The CPT-conjugate U¯ has identical physics (and matter content) to U; other UU¯ pairs in the multiverse have different physics parameters. A consequence is that time at the fundamental particle level à la Feynman must be distinct from thermodynamic time. The UU¯ forms a closed loop.