bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectory of neurological examination abnormalities in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis population: a 1 year follow-up study
Authors: Lizano Paulo , Dhaliwal Kiranpreet , Lutz Olivia , Mothi Suraj Sarvode , Miewald Jean , Montrose Debra , Keshavan Matcheri
Published: August 2019

Background

Neurological Examination Abnormalities (NES) are quantified by measuring subtle, partially localizable (cerebello-thalamo-prefrontal cortical circuit) and heritable neurological signs comprising sensory integration, motor coordination and complex motor sequencing that are associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP). A few studies have evaluated NES longitudinally and as a predictor for diagnostic and response classification, but these studies have been confounded, underpowered and divergent. We examined (1) baseline and longitudinal NES differences between diagnostic and year 1 response groups; (2) if NES predicts diagnostic and response groups and (3) relationships between clinical variables and NES measures in antipsychotic-naïve FEP.

Methods

NES and clinical measures were obtained for FEP-schizophrenia (FEP-SZ,n= 232), FEP non-schizophrenia (FEP-NSZ,n= 117) and healthy controls (HC,n= 204). Response groups with >25% improvement in average year 1 positive and negative symptomatology scores were classified as responsive (n= 97) and <25% improvement as non-responsive (n= 95). Analysis of covariance, NES trajectory analysis and logistic regression models assessed diagnostic and response group differences. Baseline and longitudinal NES relationships with clinical variables were performed with Spearman correlations. Data were adjusted for age, sex, race, socioeconomic status and handedness.

Results

Cognitive perceptual (COGPER) score was better than repetitive motor (REPMOT) at differentiating FEP-SZ from FEP-NSZ and distinguishing responders from non-responders. We identified significant group-specific associations between COGPER and worse GAF, positive and negative symptomatology and some of these findings persisted at 1-year assessment.

Conclusion

NES are an easy to administer, bedside-elicited, endophenotypic measure and could be a cost-effective clinical tool in antipsychotic-naïve FEP.
PROSODY FACILITATES MEMORY RECALL IN L1 BUT NOT IN L2 IN HIGHLY PROFICIENT LISTENERS
Authors: Schmidt Elaine , Pérez Ana , Cilibrasi Luca , Tsimpli Ianthi
Published: August 2019

Prosody is crucial for language comprehension because it highlights underlying structures. This study explores whether prosody facilitatesmemory recallto the same extent in L1 and L2, and whether memory recall is poorer in L2 or whether language-specific differences can mitigate L2 processing difficulties. Nineteen Greek learners of English, and a monolingual English baseline, repeated three-digit chunks with and without prosodic cues in L1 and L2. Prosody was a major facilitator of memory recall only in L1 despite the high proficiency of learners. This indicates that L2 mastery of prosody perception is hard to attain, mirroring production studies. However, when prosodic boundary cues were absent, memory recall in L2 was comparable to L1. This demonstrates that language-specific differences can attenuate more general processing difficulties in L2. This study is the first to demonstrate differences in prosodic processing in L1 and L2 resulting in poorer memory recall in L2.
Rasburicase versus intravenous allopurinol for non-malignancy-associated acute hyperuricemia in paediatric cardiology patients
Authors: Moss Jeffrey D. , Wu May , Axelrod David M. , Kwiatkowski David M.
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

Limited data exist for management of hyperuricemia in non-oncologic patients, particularly in paediatric cardiac patients. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for acute kidney injury and may prompt treatment in critically ill patients. The primary objective was to determine if rasburicase use was associated with greater probability normalisation of serum uric acid compared to allopurinol. Secondary outcomes included percent reduction in uric acid, changes in serum creatinine, and cost of therapy.

Design:

A single-centre retrospective chart review.

Setting:

A 20-bed quaternary cardiovascular ICU in a university-based paediatric hospital in California.

Patients:

Patients admitted to cardiovascular ICU who received rasburicase or intravenous allopurinol between 2015 and 2016.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and main results:

Data from a cohort of 14 patients receiving rasburicase were compared to 7 patients receiving IV allopurinol. Patients who were administered rasburicase for hyperuricemia were more likely to have a post-treatment uric acid level less than 8 mg/dl as compared to IV allopurinol (100 versus 43%; p = 0.0058). Patients who received rasburicase had a greater absolute reduction in post-treatment day 1 uric acid (−9 mg/dl versus −1.9 mg/dl; p = 0.002). There were no differences in post-treatment day 3 or day 7 serum creatinine or time to normalisation of serum creatinine. The cost of therapy normalised to a 20 kg patient was greater in the allopurinol group ($18,720 versus $1928; p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

In a limited paediatric cardiac cohort, the use of rasburicase was associated with a greater reduction in uric acid levels and associated with a lower cost compared to IV allopurinol.
Comparison of intranasal midazolam, intranasal ketamine, and oral chloral hydrate for conscious sedation during paediatric echocardiography: results of a prospective randomised study
Authors: Alp Hayrullah , Elmacı Ahmet M. , Alp Esma K. , Say Bülent
Published: August 2019

Objective:

There are several agents used for conscious sedation by various routes in children. The aim of this prospective randomised study is to compare the effectiveness of three commonly used sedatives: intranasal ketamine, intranasal midazolam, and oral chloral hydrate for children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography.

Methods:

Children who were referred to paediatric cardiology due to a heart murmur for transthoracic echocardiography were prospectively randomised into three groups. Seventy-three children received intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg/kg), 72 children received intranasal ketamine (4 mg/kg), and 72 children received oral chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg) for conscious sedation. The effects of three agents were evaluated in terms of intensity, onset, and duration of sedation. Obtaining high-quality transthoracic echocardiography images (i.e. absence of artefacts) were regarded as successful sedation. Side effects due to medications were also noted.

Results:

There was no statistical difference in terms of sedation success rates between three groups (95.9, 95.9, and 94.5%, respectively). The median onset of sedation in the midazolam, ketamine, and chloral hydrate was 14 minutes (range 7–65), 34 minutes (range 12–56), and 40 minutes (range 25–57), respectively (p < 0.001 for all). However, the median duration of sedation in study groups was 68 minutes (range 20–75), 55 minutes (range 25–75), and 61 minutes (range 34–78), respectively (p = 0.023, 0.712, and 0.045). Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in the chloral hydrate group (11.7 versus 0% for midazolam and 2.8% for ketamine, respectively, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Results of our prospectively randomised study indicate that all three agents provide adequate sedation for successful transthoracic echocardiography. When compared the three sedatives, intranasal midazolam has a more rapid onset of sedation while intranasal ketamine has a shorter duration of sedation. Intranasal ketamine can be used safely with fewer side effects in children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography.
Putting Culture into Prehospital Emergency Care: A Systematic Narrative Review of Literature from Lower Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Tran Thanh Tam , Lee Janice , Sleigh Adrian , Banwell Cathy
Published: August 2019

Background:

Prehospital emergency care is cost-effective for improving morbidity and mortality of emergency conditions. However, such care has been discounted in the public health system of many lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Where it exists, the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system is grossly inadequate, unpopular, and misrepresented. Many EMS reviews in developing countries have identified systemic problems with infrastructure and human resources, but they neglected impacts of sociocultural factors. This study examines the sociocultural dimensions of LMICs’ prehospital emergency systems in order to improve the quality and impact of emergency care in those countries.

Methods:

Qualitative studies on EMS systems in LMICs were systematically reviewed and analyzed using Kleinman’s health system theory of folk, popular, and professional health sectors. Also, the three-delay model of emergency care – seeking, reaching, and receiving – provided a guiding framework.

Results:

The search yielded over 3,000 papers and the inclusion criteria eventually selected 14, with duplicates and irrelevant papers as the most frequent exclusion. Both user and provider experiences with emergency conditions and the processes of prehospital care were described. Sociocultural factors such as trust and beliefs underlay the way emergency care was experienced. Attitudes of family and community shaped service-seeking behaviors. Traditional medicine was often the first point of care. Private vehicles were the main transportation for accessing care due to distrust and misunderstanding of ambulance services.

Conclusion:

The findings led to the discussion on how culture is woven into the patients’ pathway to care, and the recommendation for any future development to place a far greater emphasis on this aspect. Instead of relying purely on the biomedical sector, the health system should acknowledge and show respect for popular knowledge and folk belief. Such strategies will improve trust, facilitate information exchange, and enable stronger healer-patient relationships.
TECHNOLOGY SHOCKS AND HOURS WORKED: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Authors: Thomet Jacqueline , Wegmueller Philipp
Published: August 2019

We reassess the evidence for (or against) a key implication of the basic real business cycle model: that aggregate hours worked increase in response to a positive technology shock. Two novel aspects are the scope (14 OECD countries) and the inclusion of data on both labor supply margins to analyze the key margin of adjustment in aggregate hours. The short-run response of aggregate hours to a positive technology shock is remarkably similar across countries, with an impact fall in 13 out of 14 countries. In contrast, its decomposition into intensive and extensive labor supply margins reveals substantial heterogeneity in labor market dynamics across OECD countries. For instance, movements in the intensive margin are the dominant channel of adjustment in aggregate hours in 6 out of 14 countries of our sample, including France and Japan.
The constitutions of international organisations: How institutional design seeks to foster diplomatic deliberation
Authors: PANKE DIANA , HOHLSTEIN FRANZISKA , POLAT GURUR
Published: August 2019

Whether we look at constitutions of states or founding treaties of International Organisations (IO), it is striking that many rules on interaction between delegates create room for deliberation, whilst simultaneously limiting the time for discussion. While the latter speeds up decision making, it risks reducing its quality and legitimacy by hampering the exchange and contestation of information and ideas. How are these competing elements balanced in IOs? Do IOs differ in this respect, and if so, how and why? The article draws on a unique and novel dataset and assesses variation in the extent to which institutional design fosters or inhibits diplomatic deliberation in more than 110 diverse IOs. To this end, the article uses a combination of theories of functionalism, rational choice institutionalism and liberal approaches on variation, fit, and mismatch of deliberative institutional design within and across IOs. The hypotheses are analysed with quantitative methods. The article shows that diplomatic deliberative institutional design elements are the most pronounced when IOs are small in size, deal in high politics, and are regional in character.
Transnational Environmental Law's Missing People
Authors: Affolder Natasha
Published: August 2019

Legal scholars rely heavily on vocabularies of ‘actors’, ‘agents’, and ‘experts’ to account for the fact that law does not develop by itself. However, the identities, idiosyncrasies, and individual professional contributions of law'speopleare rarely illuminated. This article suggests that the relative absence of people in transnational legal scholarship helps to explain some of its gaps. The task of bringing ‘human actors back on stage’ creates some new opportunities for transnational environmental law scholarship. It invites attention to both dominant and excluded voices. It offers a way of bridging the gap between the bureaucratic language of law and its lived reality. It also provides an understanding of why, despite ferocious attempts to roll back the advances of environmental law in some places, many scholars and practitioners find reason to be optimistic about the future of environmental law.
Disclosure of Grief Questionnaire (DGQ): Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Kommunikationsmustern nach Trauerfällen
Authors: Köhler Martina , Goebel Simone , Maercker Andreas , Pedersen Anya
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Für die Verarbeitung belastender Ereignisse ist das Offenlegen der persönlichen Erfahrungen gegenüber dem sozialen Umfeld von zentraler Bedeutung. Allerdings gibt es bislang keine geeigneten Instrumente zur Erfassung der Kommunikationsmuster nach Trauerfällen. Ziel der aktuellen Studie war daher, den Fragebogen zum Offenlegen von traumatischen Erfahrungen (FOT; Müller, Beauducel, Raschka & Maercker, 2000 ) für Trauerprozesse zu adaptieren und seine psychometrische Qualität über eine Online-Befragung von 302 Personen, die mindestens einen Trauerfall erlebt hatten, zu überprüfen. In einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse ergab sich eine 2-Faktoren-Lösung mit den beiden Faktoren „Verschwiegenheit“ und „Mitteilungsbedürfnis“. Die psychometrischen Kennwerte der Skalen sind mit Cronbachs α-Werten zwischen .82 – .88 als zufriedenstellend bis gut einzuordnen. Ebenso kann die Konstruktvalidität vor dem Hintergrund signifikanter Korrelationen mit verwandten Maßen als gegeben angesehen werden. Der „Disclosure of Grief Questionnaire“ (DGQ) ist somit ein reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung der individuellen Kommunikationsmuster nach einem Trauerfall.
Devastating Floods Hit India for the Second Year in a Row
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: August 2019

The deadly floods raise questions of land use and extreme precipitation trends.
New Bidirectional Ammonia Flux Model in an Air Quality Model Coupled With an Agricultural Model
Authors: Pleim Jonathan E. , Ran Limei , Appel Wyat , Shephard Mark W. , Cady‐Pereira Karen
Published: August 2019

Ammonia surface flux is bidirectional; that is, net flux can be either upward or downward. In fertilized agricultural croplands and grasslands there is usually more emission than deposition especially in midday during warmer seasons. In North America, most of the ammonia emissions are from agriculture with a significant fraction of that coming from fertilizer. A new bidirectional ammonia flux modeling system has been developed in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which has close linkages with the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) agricultural ecosystem model. Daily inputs from EPIC are used to calculate soil ammonia concentrations that are combined with air concentrations in CMAQ to calculate bidirectional surface flux. The model is evaluated against surface measurements of NH3 concentrations, NH4+ and SO42− aerosol concentrations, NH4+ wet deposition measurements, and satellite retrievals of NH3 concentrations. The evaluation shows significant improvement over the base model without bidirectional ammonia flux. Comparisons to monthly average satellite retrievals show similar spatial distribution with the highest ammonia concentrations in the Central Valley of California (CA), the Snake River valley in Idaho, and the western High Plains. In most areas the model underestimates, but in the Central Valley of CA, it generally overestimates ammonia concentration. Case study analyses indicate that modeled high fluxes of ammonia in CA are often caused by anomalous high soil ammonia loading from EPIC for particular crop types. While further improvements to parameterizations in EPIC and CMAQ are recommended, this system is a significant advance over previous ammonia bidirectional surface flux models.
Subnanometer imaging and controlled dynamical patterning of thermocapillary driven deformation of thin liquid films
Authors: Rubin Shimon , Hong Brandon , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: August 2019

Exploring and controlling the physical factors that determine the topography of thin liquid dielectric films are of interest in manifold fields of research in physics, applied mathematics, and engineering and have been a key aspect of many technological advancements. Visualization of thin liquid dielectric film topography and local thickness measurements are essential tools for characterizing and interpreting the underlying processes. However, achieving high sensitivity with respect to subnanometric changes in thickness via standard optical methods is challenging. We propose a combined imaging and optical patterning projection platform that is capable of optically inducing dynamical flows in thin liquid dielectric films and plasmonically resolving the resulting changes in topography and thickness. In particular, we employ the thermocapillary effect in fluids as a novel heat-based method to tune plasmonic resonances and visualize dynamical processes in thin liquid dielectric films. The presented results indicate that light-induced thermocapillary flows can form and translate droplets and create indentation patterns on demand in thin liquid dielectric films of subwavelength thickness and that plasmonic microscopy can image these fluid dynamical processes with a subnanometer sensitivity along the vertical direction.
Neurobiological roots of psychopathy
Authors: Tiihonen Jari , Koskuvi Marja , Lähteenvuo Markku , Virtanen Pekka L. J. , Ojansuu Ilkka , Vaurio Olli , Gao Yanyan , Hyötyläinen Ida , Puttonen Katja A. , Repo-Tiihonen Eila , Paunio Tiina , Rautiainen Marja-Riitta , Tyni Sasu , Koistinaho Jari , Lehtonen Šárka
Published: August 2019

Psychopathy is an extreme form of antisocial behavior, with about 1% prevalence in the general population, and 10–30% among incarcerated criminal offenders. Although the heritability of severe antisocial behavior is up to 50%, the genetic background is unclear. The underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unknown but several previous studies suggest that abnormal glucose metabolism and opioidergic neurotransmission contribute to violent offending and psychopathy. Here we show using iPSC-derived cortical neurons and astrocytes from six incarcerated extremely antisocial and violent offenders, three nonpsychopathic individuals with substance abuse, and six healthy controls that there are robust alterations in the expression of several genes and immune response-related molecular pathways which were specific for psychopathy. In neurons, psychopathy was associated with marked upregulation of RPL10P9 and ZNF132, and downregulation of CDH5 and OPRD1. In astrocytes, RPL10P9 and MT-RNR2 were upregulated. Expression of aforementioned genes explained 30–92% of the variance of psychopathic symptoms. The gene expression findings were confirmed with qPCR. These genes may be relevant to the lack of empathy and emotional callousness seen in psychopathy, since several studies have linked these genes to autism and social interaction.
Decipher identifies men with otherwise clinically favorable-intermediate risk disease who may not be good candidates for active surveillance
Authors: Herlemann Annika , Huang Huei-Chung , Alam Ridwan , Tosoian Jeffery J. , Kim Hyung L. , Klein Eric A. , Simko Jeffry P. , Chan June M. , Lane Brian R. , Davis John W. , Davicioni Elai , Feng Felix Y. , McCue Peter , Kim Hyun , Den Robert B. , Bismar Tarek A. , Carroll Peter R. , Cooperberg Matthew R.
Published: August 2019

Background

We aimed to validate Decipher to predict adverse pathology (AP) at radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) favorable-intermediate risk (F-IR) prostate cancer (PCa), and to better select F-IR candidates for active surveillance (AS).

Methods

In all, 647 patients diagnosed with NCCN very low/low risk (VL/LR) or F-IR prostate cancer were identified from a multi-institutional PCa biopsy database; all underwent RP with complete postoperative clinicopathological information and Decipher genomic risk scores. The performance of all risk assessment tools was evaluated using logistic regression model for the endpoint of AP, defined as grade group 3−5, pT3b or higher, or lymph node invasion.

Results

The median age was 61 years (interquartile range 56–66) for 220 patients with NCCN F-IR disease, 53% classified as low-risk by Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA 0−2) and 47% as intermediate-risk (CAPRA 3−5). Decipher classified 79%, 13% and 8% of men as low-, intermediate- and high-risk with 13%, 10%, and 41% rate of AP, respectively. Decipher was an independent predictor of AP with an odds ratio of 1.34 per 0.1 unit increased (p value = 0.002) and remained significant when adjusting by CAPRA. Notably, F-IR with Decipher low or intermediate score did not associate with significantly higher odds of AP compared to VL/LR.

Conclusions

NCCN risk groups, including F-IR, are highly heterogeneous and should be replaced with multivariable risk-stratification. In particular, incorporating Decipher may be useful for safely expanding the use of AS in this patient population.
The microbiota–gut–brain interaction in regulating host metabolic adaptation to cold in male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: Bo Ting-Bei , Zhang Xue-Ying , Wen Jing , Deng Ke , Qin Xiao-Wei , Wang De-Hua
Published: August 2019

Gut microbiota play a critical role in orchestrating metabolic homeostasis of the host. However, the crosstalk between host and microbial symbionts in small mammals are rarely illustrated. We used male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to test the hypothesis that gut microbiota and host neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine (NE), interact to regulate energetics and thermogenesis during cold acclimation. We found that increases in food intake and thermogenesis were associated with increased monoamine neurotransmitters, ghrelin, short-chain fatty acids, and altered cecal microbiota during cold acclimation. Further, our pair-fed study showed that cold temperature can alter the cecal microbiota independently of overfeeding. Using cecal microbiota transplant along with β3-adrenoceptor antagonism and PKA inhibition, we confirmed that transplant of cold-acclimated microbiota increased thermogenesis through activation of cAMP–PKA–pCREB signaling. In addition, NE manipulation induced a long-term alteration in gut microbiota structure. These data demonstrate that gut microbiota-NE crosstalk via cAMP signaling regulates energetics and thermogenesis during cold acclimation in male Brandt’s voles.
Nelfinavir and lenalidomide/dexamethasone in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. A phase I/II Trial (SAKK 39/10)
Authors: Hitz F. , Kraus M. , Pabst T. , Hess D. , Besse L. , Silzle T. , Novak U. , Seipel K. , Rondeau S. , Stüdeli S. , Vilei S. Berardi , Samaras P. , Mey U. , Driessen C. ,   for the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research SAKK
Published: August 2019

The antiretroviral agent nelfinavir has antimyeloma activity and can overcome resistance to bortezomib. Our phase I/II trial investigated whether adding nelfinavir to lenalidomide–dexamethasone can overcome lenalidomide resistance in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Twenty-nine patients were included (high-risk cytogenetic aberrations 31%; ≥2 prior therapy lines 93%; lenalidomide–bortezomib double-refractory 34%). Twenty-four patients (83%) had prior bortezomib and 10 (34%) were lenalidomide–bortezomib double-refractory. They received four cycles of nelfinavir 2500 mg/day with standard-dose lenalidomide (25 mg days 1–21) and dexamethasone (40/20 mg days 1, 8, 15, 22). Minor response or better was achieved in 16 patients (55%; 95% CI 36–74%), including 40% of those who were lenalidomide–bortezomib double-refractory, and partial response or better in nine patients (31%; 95% CI 15–51%). Median progression-free survival was 3.4 (95% CI 2.0–4.9) months and median overall survival 21.6 (13.0–50.1) months. Lenalidomide-related pneumonitis, pneumonia, and neutropenic fever occurred, but there were no unexpected adverse events. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a 45% (95% CI 40–51%) reduction in total proteasome activity from baseline and significant induction of unfolded protein response and autophagy. Thus, nelfinavir–lenalidomide–dexamethasone is an active oral combination in lenalidomide-refractory MM.
Transcription-independent and -dependent p53-mediated apoptosis in response to genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress
Authors: Ho Cheng-Jung , Lin Ru-Wei , Zhu Wei-Hua , Wen Tsung-Kai , Hu Chieh-Ju , Lee Yi-Lin , Hung Ta-I , Wang Chihuei
Published: August 2019

We previously reported that p53-mediated apoptosis is determined by severity of DNA damage, not by the level of p53, in doxorubicin-treated prostate cancer cells. In addition to doxorubicin, our results here indicated that camptothecin and bortezomib, which are a topoisomerase 1 poison and a 26 S proteasome inhibitor, respectively, could also induce apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner in prostate cancer. Then, we examined whether p53-mediated apoptosis induced by genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress occur in the same or a different way. By using dominant negative p53 to compete with wild-type p53 in transcription activity, we demonstrated that p53-mediated apoptosis in response to doxorubicin- or camptothecin-induced genotoxic stress is transcription-independent. In contrast, p53-mediated apoptosis from bortezomib-induced stress is transcription-dependent. Interestingly, we also found that doxorubicin-induced p21 expression is activated by p53 in transcription-dependent manner, while camptothecin-induced p21 expression is p53-independent. We then investigated the p53 ratio of nucleus to cytosol corresponding to low and high dose doxorubicin, camptothecin, or bortezomib treatment. The results suggested that p53 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus actively drives cells toward apoptosis in either transcription-dependent or -independent manner for responding to non-genotoxic or genotoxic stress, respectively.
ATG5 cancer mutations and alternative mRNA splicing reveal a conjugation switch that regulates ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex assembly and autophagy
Authors: Wible Daric J. , Chao Hsueh-Ping , Tang Dean G. , Bratton Shawn B.
Published: August 2019

Autophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis during times of stress, and is thought to play important roles in both tumorigenesis and tumor cell survival. Formation of autophagosomes, which mediate delivery of cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes, requires multiple autophagy-related (ATG) protein complexes, including the ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex. Herein, we report that a molecular ATG5 “conjugation switch”, comprised of competing ATG12 and ubiquitin conjugation reactions, integrates ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex assembly with protein quality control of its otherwise highly unstable subunits. This conjugation switch is tightly regulated by ATG16L1, which binds to free ATG5 and mutually protects both proteins from ubiquitin conjugation and proteasomal degradation, thereby instead promoting the irreversible conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. The resulting ATG12–ATG5 conjugate, in turn, displays enhanced affinity for ATG16L1 and thus fully stabilizes the ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex. Most importantly, we find in multiple tumor types that ATG5 somatic mutations and alternative mRNA splicing specifically disrupt the ATG16L1-binding pocket in ATG5 and impair the essential ATG5-ATG16L1 interactions that are initially required for ATG12–ATG5 conjugation. Finally, we provide evidence that ATG16L2, which is overexpressed in several cancers relative to ATG16L1, hijacks the conjugation switch by competing with ATG16L1 for binding to ATG5. While ATG16L2 stabilizes ATG5 and enables ATG12–ATG5 conjugation, this endogenous dominant-negative inhibitor simultaneously displaces ATG16L1, resulting in its proteasomal degradation and a block in autophagy. Thus, collectively, our findings provide novel insights into ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex assembly and reveal multiple mechanisms wherein dysregulation of the ATG5 conjugation switch inhibits autophagy.
A property-oriented design strategy for high performance copper alloys via machine learning
Authors: Wang Changsheng , Fu Huadong , Jiang Lei , Xue Dezhen , Xie Jianxin
Published: August 2019

Traditional strategies for designing new materials with targeted property including methods such as trial and error, and experiences of domain experts, are time and cost consuming. In the present study, we propose a machine learning design system involving three features of machine learning modeling, compositional design and property prediction, which can accelerate the discovery of new materials. We demonstrate better efficiency of on a rapid compositional design of high-performance copper alloys with a targeted ultimate tensile strength of 600–950 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 50.0% international annealed copper standard. There exists a good consistency between the predicted and measured values for three alloys from literatures and two newly made alloys with designed compositions. Our results provide a new recipe to realize the property-oriented compositional design for high-performance complex alloys via machine learning.
Publisher Correction: Mapping exclusive breastfeeding in Africa between 2000 and 2017
Authors: Bhattacharjee Natalia V. , Schaeffer Lauren E. , Marczak Laurie B. , Ross Jennifer M. , Swartz Scott J. , Albright James , Gardner William M. , Shields Chloe , Sligar Amber , Schipp Megan F. , Pickering Brandon V. , Henry Nathaniel J. , Johnson Kimberly B. , Louie Celia , Cork Michael A. , Steuben Krista M. , Lazzar-Atwood Alice , Lu Dan , Kinyoki Damaris K. , Osgood-Zimmerman Aaron , Earl Lucas , Mosser Jonathan F. , Deshpande Aniruddha , Burstein Roy , Woyczynski Lauren P. , Wilson Katherine F. , VanderHeide John D. , Wiens Kirsten E. , Reiner Robert C. , Piwoz Ellen G. , Rawat Rahul , Sartorius Benn , Weaver Nicole Davis , Nixon Molly R. , Smith David L. , Kassebaum Nicholas J. , Gakidou Emmanuela , Lim Stephen S. , Mokdad Ali H. , Murray Christopher J. L. , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Hay Simon I.
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: A nano-mechanical instability as primary contribution to rolling resistance
Authors: Meyer Jan , Hentschke Reinhard , Hager Jonathan , Hojdis Nils W. , Karimi-Varzaneh Hossein Ali
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles
Authors: Bull Jonathan R. , Rowland Simon P. , Scherwitzl Elina Berglund , Scherwitzl Raoul , Danielsson Kristina Gemzell , Harper Joyce
Published: August 2019

The use of apps that record detailed menstrual cycle data presents a new opportunity to study the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study is to describe menstrual cycle characteristics observed from a large database of cycles collected through an app and investigate associations of menstrual cycle characteristics with cycle length, age and body mass index (BMI). Menstrual cycle parameters, including menstruation, basal body temperature (BBT) and luteinising hormone (LH) tests as well as age and BMI were collected anonymously from real-world users of the Natural Cycles app. We analysed 612,613 ovulatory cycles with a mean length of 29.3 days from 124,648 users. The mean follicular phase length was 16.9 days (95% CI: 10–30) and mean luteal phase length was 12.4 days (95% CI: 7–17). Mean cycle length decreased by 0.18 days (95% CI: 0.17–0.18, R2 = 0.99) and mean follicular phase length decreased by 0.19 days (95% CI: 0.19–0.20, R2 = 0.99) per year of age from 25 to 45 years. Mean variation of cycle length per woman was 0.4 days or 14% higher in women with a BMI of over 35 relative to women with a BMI of 18.5–25. This analysis details variations in menstrual cycle characteristics that are not widely known yet have significant implications for health and well-being. Clinically, women who wish to plan a pregnancy need to have intercourse on their fertile days. In order to identify the fertile period it is important to track physiological parameters such as basal body temperature and not just cycle length.
Electromagnetic field growth triggering super-ponderomotive electron acceleration during multi-picosecond laser-plasma interaction
Authors: Kojima Sadaoki , Hata Masayasu , Iwata Natsumi , Arikawa Yasunobu , Morace Alessio , Sakata Shohei , Lee Seungho , Matsuo Kazuki , Law King Fai Farley , Morita Hiroki , Ochiai Yugo , Yogo Akifumi , Nagatomo Hideo , Ozaki Tetsuo , Johzaki Tomoyuki , Sunahara Atsushi , Sakagami Hitoshi , Zhang Zhe , Tosaki Shota , Abe Yuki , Kawanaka Junji , Tokita Shigeki , Nakai Mitsuo , Nishimura Hiroaki , Shiraga Hiroyuki , Azechi Hiroshi , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Fujioka Shinsuke
Published: August 2019

The dependence of the mean kinetic energy of laser-accelerated relativistic electrons (REs) on the laser intensity, so-called ponderomotive scaling, explains well the experimental results to date; however, this scaling is no longer applicable to multi-picosecond (multi-ps) laser experiments. Here, the production of REs was experimentally investigated via multi-ps relativistic laser–plasma-interaction (LPI). The lower slope temperature shows little dependence on the pulse duration and is close to the ponderomotive scaling value, while the higher slope temperature appears to be affected by the pulse duration. The higher slope temperature is far beyond the ponderomotive scaling value, which indicates super-ponderomotive REs (SP-REs). Simulation and experimental evidence are provided to indicate that the SP-REs are produced by LPI in an under-critical plasma, where a large quasi-static electromagnetic field grows rapidly after a threshold timing during multi-ps LPI.
Carbon–carbon double bond position elucidation in fatty acids using ozone-coupled direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Cetraro Nicolas , Cody Robert B. , Yew Joanne Y.
Published: August 2019

Ozonolysis combined with DART MS analysis provides a facile method for the identification of double bond position in lipids.
A Dean-flow-coupled interfacial viscoelastic fluid for microparticle separation applied in a cell smear method
Authors: Shi Xin , Liu Liyan , Cao Wenfeng , Zhu Guorui , Tan Wei
Published: August 2019

An interfacial microfluidic device realizing cell separation and washing simultaneously and efficiently.
A near infrared fluorescent probe for the detection and imaging of prolyl aminopeptidase activity in living cells
Authors: Liu Xianjun , Zhang Quan-Yu , Wang Fenglin , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: August 2019

The first near infrared fluorescent probe is developed for prolyl aminopeptidase (PAP) detection in living cells.
Tunicamycin induced endoplasmic reticulum changes in endothelial cells investigated in vitro by confocal Raman imaging
Authors: Bik Ewelina , Mielniczek Nikola , Jarosz Magdalena , Denbigh Joanna , Budzynska Renata , Baranska Malgorzata , Majzner Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

This paper describes how tunicamycin (Tu), the most widely used pharmacological agent for inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, interacts with endothelial cells.
Continuous flow photolytic reduction of graphene oxide
Authors: Alharbi Thaar M. D. , Alghamdi Amira R. M. , Vimalanathan Kasturi , Raston Colin L.
Published: August 2019

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is generated from GO dispersed in water under continuous flow in the absence of harsh reducing agents, in a vortex fluidic device, such that the processing is scalable with uniformity of the product.
A self-sustained soft actuator able to rock and roll
Authors: Pilz da Cunha Marina , Peeketi Akhil R. , Mehta Kanishk , Broer Dirk J. , Annabattula Ratna K. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Debije Michael G.
Published: August 2019

Liquid crystalline networks of specific geometry are observed to undergo thermally triggered chaotic continual rocking motion and light triggered rolling.
Phosphorus and oxygen co-doped composite electrode with hierarchical electronic and ionic mixed conducting networks for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Ling Wei , Wang Zhi-An , Ma Qiang , Deng Qi , Tang Jian-Feng , Deng Lei , Zhu Liang-Hong , Wu Xiong-Wei , Yue Jun-Pei , Guo Yu-Guo
Published: August 2019

The GF-TCN electrodes with excellent electrocatalytic activity and faster electron/ion conduction indicate outstanding rate capability and energy efficiency of VRFBs.
KVPO4F as a novel insertion-type anode for potassium ion batteries
Authors: Tan Hong , Du Xiaoqiong , Huang Jian-Qiu , Zhang Biao
Published: August 2019

KVPO4F could be used as both an anode and a cathode for potassium ion batteries.
1,2-Aminohalogenation of arynes with amines and organohalides
Authors: Li Sheng-Jun , Han Lu , Tian Shi-Kai
Published: August 2019

An unprecedented three-component reaction of amines, arynes, and organohalides provides convenient access to structurally diverse tertiary 2-haloanilines.
Self-assembled flower structures formed by C3-symmetric aromatic carboxylic acids with meta-carboxyl groups
Authors: Li Jianqiao , Tu Bin , Li Xiaokang , Ma Chunyu , Chen Chen , Duan Wubiao , Xiao Xunwen , Zeng Qingdao
Published: August 2019

H6BTE self-assembled into flower-like structures with two types of cavities at the HA/HOPG interface, and the guest molecule COR was only trapped in the A-type cavities at low and high concentrations of COR.
The stepwise photodamage of organelles by two-photon luminescent ruthenium(ii) photosensitizers
Authors: Qiu Kangqiang , Wen Ya , Ouyang Cheng , Liao Xinxing , Liu Chaofeng , Rees Thomas W. , Zhang Qianling , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: August 2019

Ruthenium(ii) complexes were developed as two-photon NIR photosensitizers for stepwise lysosomes-to-mitochondria photodamage in A549 cancer cells.
Influence of early stages of triglyceride pyrolysis on the formation of PAHs as coke precursors
Authors: Kozliak Evguenii , Sulkes Mark , Alhroub Ibrahim , Kubátová Alena , Andrianova Anastasia , Seames Wayne
Published: August 2019

Molecular beam mass spectrometry has been used to investigate thermal decomposition of triolein, to reveal the mechanisms of low temperature soot formation characteristic for triglycerides (TGs).
Phase transition and electronic properties of skutterudite-type IrP3 under high pressure
Authors: Ma Xuejiao , Zhou Dan , Yan Yan , Xu Jing , Liu Siyuan , Wang Yulan , Cui Manai , Cheng Yuheng , Miao Yu , Liu Yanhui
Published: August 2019

We present an extensive global structural optimization to identify the crystal structures of IrP3 using the developed CALYPSO method under both ambient and high-pressure conditions.
Cation⋯cation hydrogen bonds in synephrine salts: a typical interaction in an unusual environment
Authors: Dash Sibananda G. , Thakur Tejender S.
Published: August 2019

Computational studies of hydrogen-bonded cationic species observed in the synephrine salts point towards the stabilizing nature of hydrogen bonds and highlights their contribution in reducing destabilization caused by coulombic repulsion.
The effect of different organic solvents and anion salts on sodium ion storage in cylindrical carbon nanopores
Authors: Khan M. S. , Karatrantos A. V. , Ohba T. , Cai Q.
Published: August 2019

In this article fully atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations were employed to study the behaviour of electrolyte salts and different organic solvents in cylindrical carbon nanotubes, in order to reveal the storage mechanism.
Strain-tunable electric structure and magnetic anisotropy in monolayer CrSI
Authors: Han Ruilin , Yan Yu
Published: August 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors provide platforms for studying novel physical phenomena in low dimensional materials.
Effects of surface halogenation on exciton relaxation in Si crystallites: prospects for photovoltaics
Authors: Derbenyova Natalia V. , Shvetsov Artyom E. , Konakov Anton A. , Burdov Vladimir A.
Published: August 2019

It is shown that surface halogenation efficiently slows down Auger and radiative recombinations in Si nanocrystals.
Atomic-scale structure of misfit dislocations in CeO2/MgO heterostructures and thermodynamic stability of dopant–defect complexes at the heterointerface
Authors: Dholabhai Pratik P.
Published: August 2019

In the vicinity of misfit dislocations at the CeO2/MgO heterointerface, diverse nearest neighbor dopant–defect complexes will influence oxide ion conductivity.
Highly sensitive optical ratiometric thermometry by exciting Eu3+/Tb3+'s unusual absorption lines
Authors: Li Leipeng , Qi Xudong , Qin Feng , Li Lu , Gao Hong , Zheng Yangdong , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: August 2019

A highly sensitive optical ratiometric thermometry is reported here by exciting Eu3+/Tb3+'s unusual absorption lines.
Bimetallic MOF-templated synthesis of alloy nanoparticle-embedded porous carbons for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions
Authors: Lionet Zakary , Nishijima Shun , Kim Tae-Ho , Horiuchi Yu , Lee Soo Wohn , Matsuoka Masaya
Published: August 2019

Pyrolysis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to produce metal nanoparticles embedded inside a porous carbon matrix (M@PC) has drawn a lot of attention in recent years.
Tailoring diesel bioblendstock from integrated catalytic upgrading of carboxylic acids: a “fuel property first” approach
Authors: Huo Xiangchen , Huq Nabila A. , Stunkel Jim , Cleveland Nicholas S. , Starace Anne K. , Settle Amy E. , York Allyson M. , Nelson Robert S. , Brandner David G. , Fouts Lisa , St. John Peter C. , Christensen Earl D. , Luecke Jon , Mack J. Hunter , McEnally Charles S. , Cherry Patrick A. , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Strathmann Timothy J. , Salvachúa Davinia , Kim Seonah , McCormick Robert L. , Beckham Gregg T. , Vardon Derek R.
Published: August 2019

Applying a rational design approach to produce a high-quality, low-sooting hydrocarbon diesel blendstock from lignocellulosic biomass-derived short-chain carboxylic acids.
Plants and plant-based polymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Iravani Siavash , Varma Rajender S.
Published: August 2019

Plants and plant-based polymers used in the fabrication of greener scaffolds and their collective role for tissue engineering applications are highlighted.
Analytical considerations associated with implementing M2+ correction factors to address false positives on As and Se within U.S. EPA method 200.8
Authors: Smith Skyler W. , Hanks Nicole , Creed Patricia A. , Kovalcik Kasey , Wilson Robert A. , Kubachka Kevin , Brisbin Judith A. , Landero Figueroa Julio , Creed John T.
Published: August 2019

Rare earth elements (REE) can produce M2+ ions in ICP-MS and 150Nd2+, 150Sm2+, and 156Gd2+ can produce false positives on 75As and 78Se.
Three-dimensional X-ray fluorescence imaging modes for biological specimens using a full-field energy dispersive CCD camera
Authors: De Samber Björn , Scharf Oliver , Buzanich Günther , Garrevoet Jan , Tack Pieter , Radtke Martin , Riesemeier Heinrich , Reinholz Uwe , Evens Roel , De Schamphelaere Karel , Falkenberg Gerald , Janssen Colin , Vincze Laszlo
Published: August 2019

New three-dimensional full-field XRF imaging schemes are demonstrated using biological samples: the pros and cons with respect to traditional scanning XRF techniques are given.
A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor with A-PCA film modified electrode for the determination of metanephrine
Authors: Zhou Jianfeng , Wei Ping , Pan Jianbin , Mei Qinghua , Tong Yanli , Zhai Haiyun
Published: August 2019

A novel electrochemical sensor of a A-PCA/GCE was fabricated by a simple electrodeposition method to determine metanephrine.
Study of the host–guest interaction between N,N′-bis[4-(dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diamine and the cucuribit[n]urils (n = 6, 7)
Authors: Xiao Zhiyou , Zhou Yang , Xu Weitao , Prior Timothy J. , Bian Bing , Redshaw Carl , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin
Published: August 2019

Interaction of the cucuribit[n]urils (n = 6 or 7) and the guest N,N′-bis[4-(dimethylaminophenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diamine (G) has been studied in aqueous solution by 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.
Exploring the adsorption of CO toxic gas on pristine and M-doped (M = Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn) GaN nanosheets
Authors: Roohi Hossein , Askari Ardehjani Nastaran
Published: August 2019

The capability of pristine and M-doped (M = Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn) gallium nitride nanosheets (M-GaNNS) was explored at the Grimme-corrected PBE/double numerical plus polarization (DNP) level of theory for adsorbing and sensing of the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule.
Heterologous production of small molecules in the optimizedStreptomyceshosts
Authors: Myronovskyi Maksym , Luzhetskyy Andriy
Published: August 2019

The genome mining of streptomycetes has revealed their great biosynthetic potential to produce novel natural products.
From dolastatin 13 to cyanopeptolins, micropeptins, and lyngbyastatins: the chemical biology of Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides
Authors: Köcher Steffen , Resch Sarah , Kessenbrock Till , Schrapp Lukas , Ehrmann Michael , Kaiser Markus
Published: August 2019

Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides (also known as Ahp-containing cyclodepsipeptides, cyanopeptolins, micropeptins, microginines, and lyngbyastatins, and by many other names) are a natural product family with potent serine protease inhibitory properties.
Dynamic visualization of the phase transformation path in LiFePO4 during delithiation
Authors: Yang Liting , You Wenbin , Zhao Xuebing , Guo Huiqiao , Li Xiao , Zhang Jie , Wang Yonggang , Che Renchao
Published: August 2019

The delithiation process of LiFePO4 is observed directly by in situ transmission electron microscopy.
The inverse design of structural color using machine learning
Authors: Huang Zhao , Liu Xin , Zang Jianfeng
Published: August 2019

Using machine learning, the inverse design of color printing is efficiently achieved. For a desired color, a suitable geometry is finally found through reinforcement learning.
A honeycomb-like paper-based thermoelectric generator based on a Bi2Te3/bacterial cellulose nanofiber coating
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Han Wenjia , Jiang Yifei , Zhao Chuanshan , Ji Xingxiang , Kong Fangong , Xu Wenyang , Zhang Xue
Published: August 2019

A honeycomb-like paper-based thermoelectric generator for energy harvesting.
“Rod–coil” copolymers get self-assembled in solution
Authors: Xu Fugui , Zhang Jiacheng , Zhang Pengfei , Luan Xiangfeng , Mai Yiyong
Published: August 2019

This review paper describes the recent advances in solution self-assembly of amphiphilic rod-coil copolymers of various structures, which contain conjugated polymers, liquid crystalline polymers, polypeptides, or helical polymers as the rod blocks.
Correction: Novel biodegradable and non-fouling systems for controlled-release based on poly(ε-caprolactone)/Quercetin blends and biomimetic bacterial S-layer coatings
Authors: Sanchez-Rexach Eva , Iturri Jagoba , Fernandez Jorge , Meaurio Emilio , Toca-Herrera Jose-Luis , Sarasua Jose-Ramon
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Novel biodegradable and non-fouling systems for controlled-release based on poly(ε-caprolactone)/Quercetin blends and biomimetic bacterial S-layer coatings’ by Eva Sanchez-Rexach et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 24154–24163.