bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and analysis of composite overwrapped pressure vessels for hydrogen storage
Authors: Kartav Osman , Kangal Serkan , Yücetürk Kutay , Tanoğlu Metin , Aktaş Engin , Artem H Seçil
Published: July 2021

In this study, composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) for high-pressure hydrogen storage were designed, modeled by finite element (FE) method, manufactured by filament winding technique and tested for burst pressure. Aluminum 6061-T6 was selected as a metallic liner material. Epoxy impregnated carbon filaments were overwrapped over the liner with a winding angle of ±14° to obtain fully overwrapped composite reinforced vessels with non-identical front and back dome layers. The COPVs were loaded with increasing internal pressure up to the burst pressure level. During loading, deformation of the vessels was measured locally with strain gauges. The mechanical performances of COPVs designed with various number of helical, hoop and doily layers were investigated by both experimental and numerical methods. In numerical method, FE analysis containing a simple progressive damage model available in ANSYS software package for the composite section was performed. The results revealed that the FE model provides a good correlation as compared to experimental strain results for the developed COPVs. The burst pressure test results showed that integration of doily layers to the filament winding process resulted with an improvement of the COPVs performance.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Educational Process: The Role of the School Principal
Authors: Constantia Charalampous , Christos Papademetriou , Glykeria Reppa , Anastasia Athanasoula-Reppa , Aikaterini Voulgari
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the role of the leader in the effective operation of the school has been vastly debated in the international educational community. Through a historical study of educational leadership, this research discovered that the position of the leader is constantly being reshaped and adapted to the current social, cultural, and economic circumstances. During the last year, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the educational leadership has had to be reshaped worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the issues that have arisen from the aforementioned situation, as well as to try to figure out how a school’s principal might apply the basic principles of educational leadership, in a period of crisis. This investigation was focused on the use of the qualitative method. The study included 88 teachers and 5 principals from Cyprus, as well as teachers and parents. Based on the findings of the study, we discovered that the challenges faced by school principals and teachers are primarily linked to alienation, marginalization, time management, improving bureaucracy, problems with technical equipment and distance learning programs. Solution to these obstacles seemed to be the: Empathy, teamwork, and decentralization of the educational system, which are all promoted by the principal, who occasionally has additional authority.
Ant bite artefacts: A series of cases reported over a year
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Joshi Rajiv , Singh Ravdeep
Published: July 2021

Artefacts are postmortem findings that often complicate an investigation into death. The police and relatives may be bewildered by them, and forensic pathologists need to be well versed with the intricacies that they can pose. We studied postmortem records over a year and report three cases of ant bite artefacts which led the relatives and the police to suspect the manner of death. A thorough postmortem examination endorsed the findings as ant bite artefacts and so correctly advised the police investigation.
The Impact of Parental Bereavement on Young People: A Thematic Analysis of Using Online Web Forums as a Method of Coping
Authors: Smith Kadie , Langer Susanne
Published: July 2021

A qualitative approach was used to explore how online web forums might facilitate recovery and the process of coping. Ten online web forums written by young people who have personally experienced the death of a parent formed the data of this study. Previous research suggests forum users do not receive the supportive reactions from face-to-face interactions that they desire. Thematic analysis found that forums created an environment where young people can process the bereavement of a parent. Forums allowed young people to use their experience of bereavement to positively support others with similar experiences. The findings imply that the process of using forums can positively impact individuals who have experienced the loss of a parent. This supports recommendations by professionals, to consider online forums as a coping strategy. This study presents one of the few analyses of web forums written by young people who have experienced parental bereavement.
Using Zoom and Card Game to Conduct Advance Care Planning Classes: An Innovative Practice
Authors: Phenwan Tharin , Peerawong Thanarpan , Jarusomboon Wanna , Sittiwantana Ekkapop , Satian Chararinchorn , Supanichwatana Sojirat
Published: July 2021

Background

This article demonstrates the innovative practice of using a card game to teach participants about Advance Care Planning (ACP) and palliative care in Thailand via Zoom during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims

To assess the feasibility of using online workshops to conduct sensitive topics of palliative care and death and dying.

Methods

The interactive online workshops were conducted after imposition of the COVID-19 restriction and national lockdown in Thailand between March and September 2020. The sessions were conducted via Zoom meetings and Facebook secret group. Trained facilitators plus one IT team member hosted each workshop. Participants were given an anonymous post-course evaluation with open-ended written feedback form. Content analysed was used.

Results

Eleven sessions were conducted. 103 participants joined the online classes. Participants gave an overwhelmingly positive of the workshops, emphasising on: (i) convenient; (ii) social connectedness during the lockdown; (iii) bichronous element of the activities.
Micro feed characteristic analysis of a new crawler guide rail dual drive servo system
Authors: Yu Hanwen , Zhang Zhenzhong , Xing Jifei
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new type of crawler guide rail dual drive micro feed servo system based on “crawler type” guide rail. Through the innovative design of the crawler guide rail and the change of the working mode, the table, and the crawler type movable rail are relatively static, and the influence of nonlinear friction in low-speed micro feed is eliminated, so that the system can have a lower stable speed limit and realize accurate micro feed control. The Euler-Bernoulli beam element with axial and torsional degrees of freedom is used to describe the axial and torsional vibrations of the ball screw, and the lumped parameter method is used to analyze other parts of the feed system, and the electromechanical coupling dynamic model considering the nonlinear friction is established. The transfer function block diagram is used to characterize the motion relationship of the crawler guide rail dual drive servo feed system. The response difference between the screw single drive system and the new crawler guide rail dual drive system is analyzed by simulation when feeding at constant or variable speed, and the influence of different feed speed on the dynamic performance of the system. The results show that the low speed micro feed performance of the new crawler guide rail dual drive servo system is obviously better than that of the screw single drive system under the condition of constant speed or variable speed.
Simulation modeling and analysis of primary health center operations
Authors: Shoaib Mohd , Ramamohan Varun
Published: July 2021

We present discrete-event simulation models of the operations of primary health centers (PHCs) in the Indian context. Our PHC simulation models incorporate four types of patients seeking medical care: outpatients, inpatients, childbirth cases, and patients seeking antenatal care. A generic modeling approach was adopted to develop simulation models of PHC operations. This involved developing an archetype PHC simulation, which was then adapted to represent two other PHC configurations, differing in numbers of resources and types of services provided, encountered during PHC visits. A model representing a benchmark configuration conforming to government-mandated operational guidelines, with demand estimated from disease burden data and service times closer to international estimates (higher than observed), was also developed. Simulation outcomes for the three observed configurations indicate negligible patient waiting times and low resource utilization values at observed patient demand estimates. However, simulation outcomes for the benchmark configuration indicated significantly higher resource utilization. Simulation experiments to evaluate the effect of potential changes in operational patterns on reducing the utilization of stressed resources for the benchmark case were performed. Our analysis also motivated the development of simple analytical approximations of the average utilization of a server in a queueing system with characteristics similar to the PHC doctor/patient system. Our study represents the first step in an ongoing effort to establish the computational infrastructure required to analyze public health operations in India and can provide researchers in other settings with hierarchical health systems, a template for the development of simulation models of their primary healthcare facilities.
Simulation of sliver blending and evaluation of blending irregularity
Authors: Cao Qiaoli , Qian Lili , Li Hao , Yu Chongwen
Published: July 2021

The quality of blended yarn depends on the uniformity of the blending of the multi-component fibers in the yarn, and sliver blending is a process necessary for mixing fibers. The movement of fibers directly affects the distribution and mixing of fibers in the sliver. In this paper, the sliver blending process was simulated, and a method for the evaluation of sliver blending irregularity was proposed. The effects of passages of drawing and blending ratio on the sliver mixing uniformity were studied and verified both by experiment and simulation. The results show that the blending irregularity decreases gradually and tends to be stable with the increase of the passages of blending drawing. The more similar the blending ratio of the two components with approximately equal linear densities, the easier it is for the component fibers to mix evenly in the sliver. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values and previous research results. In addition, the blending irregularity of fiber components in the blended sliver can be predicted by the simulation method.
Improved cationic dyeability of thermotropic liquid crystal polyarylate fabrics by ultraviolet irradiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid
Authors: Jiang Shan , Liu Bingqian , Chen Xin , Sheng Dan , Xia Honghui , Deng Bo , Cao Genyang
Published: July 2021

As one of the most promising high-performance fibers, it is worthwhile to investigate the dyeing property of thermotropic liquid crystal polyarylate (TLCP) fibers. In this work, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced grafting using the acrylic acid (AAc) method was employed to improve the cationic dyeability of the TLCP fabrics. The TLCP fabrics were firstly immersed in an AAc monomer solution for 24 h, followed with the UV radiation process for grafting polymerization. The results showed that the dyeing performance to C.I. Basic Red 46 of the modified TLCP fabrics was remarkably improved. Through several characterizations, it was found that the AAc-grafted TLCP fibers became more roughened with many pits on the fiber surface, while the crystalline structure of the TLCP fibers was hardly affected. More importantly, carboxyl groups have been successfully introduced onto the TLCP fiber surface, which is the main reason for the good dye uptake. Therefore, this paper provides a simple and efficient way for the improvement of the cationic dyeing property of TLCP fabrics.
Study on the testing of the accelerated point of the floating fiber in the roller drafting process with an improved method
Authors: Shen Yuanying , Ni Jie , Yang Jianping , Yu Chongwen
Published: July 2021

The dynamic motion of floating fibers in the drafting process, which can be characterized by fiber accelerated points, has an important effect on the sliver or yarn quality. In this study, the fiber accelerated point during the roller drafting process has been tested with an improved method. In this method, tracer fibers and standard tracer yarns of known length were embedded into the sliver in groups. By adjusting the length and fineness of the standard tracer yarns, it was possible to determine the nip line of the front roller dynamically. Therefore, the fiber accelerated points can be obtained in a continuous drafting process without an external sensor, which is simpler and more convenient, and avoids the experimental error caused by the drawing frame shutdown during the experiment. Based on this method, the effects of the drafting parameters and sliver properties on the fiber accelerated point in the roller drafting process have been investigated. In addition, the coefficient of variance of the sliver ( CVFAP) caused by the fiber accelerated point variation during the drafting process was also calculated. A comparison has been made between CVFAP and the standard deviation of the fiber accelerated points. It is found that a fairly good agreement between these two is seen, and this agreement can also evidence the accuracy of experimental results about the fiber acceleration point.
What does prayer teach us about God?
Authors: Holmes Christopher
Published: July 2021

Using Augustine as a dialogue partner, I consider what prayer teaches us about God and ourselves in relation to God. I argue, primarily, that prayer illuminates the great distinction between creatures and God, enabling us to live into it. Second, I reflect on the elucidating power of prayer with respect to our participation in God. In so doing, I show the ‘shaping effect’ of metaphysical reflection on the prayers of the faithful.
Who am I becoming?: Understanding the ministry training portfolio as a theological practice
Authors: Gibson Tim
Published: July 2021

This article outlines a theological basis for the process of compiling a portfolio as part of a programme of ministerial formation. Such a task can often seem to the candidate rather like jumping through hoops, or gathering evidence merely for the sake of it. But I argue that it is properly understood as a theological practice, inviting reflection on who they are becoming in Christ. In philosophical literature, ‘gestures’ are understood as incomplete actions that correspond to some deeper truth. By framing the task of portfolio composition in the language of ‘gesture’, it is seen to be a vital practice in formation for public ministry, rather than merely an exercise in proving one’s readiness for ordination or licensing.
Family names, city size distributions and residential differentiation in Great Britain, 1881–1901
Authors: Lan Tian , van Dijk Justin , Longley Paul
Published: July 2021

Cities have specialised in particular urban functions throughout history, with consequential implications for urban and regional patterns of economic and social change. This specialisation takes place within overall national city size distributions and is manifest in different but often similarly variegated residential structures. Here we develop a novel and consistent methodological approach for measuring macro-scale city size and micro-scale residential differentiation using individual digital census records for the period 1881–1901. The use of family names and neighbourhood classification of dominant economic and social roles makes it possible to relate the changing city size distribution in Great Britain to patterns of urban growth and residential differentiation within urban areas. Together, we provide an integrated and consistent methodology that links the classification of all major urban area growth in Great Britain to attendant intra-urban geodemographic changes in urban residential structures. We suggest ways in which this manifests social and economic change across the settlement system for both new and long-established residents.
Cultural practices and rough sociality in Mexico’s midsize cities: Tijuana, Puebla and Monterrey
Authors: Rodriguez-Medina Leandro , Simental María Emilia Ismael , Cuenca Alberto Javier López , Kurjenoja Anne Kristiina
Published: July 2021

It is frequently claimed that cultural agents are necessary to sustain and strengthen the social fabric, to guarantee economic growth and social development and to consolidate knowledge economies based on innovation. These arguments tend to avoid inquiring what kind of sociality these cultural actors are enacting. To address this point, we researched three Mexican midsize cities: Puebla, Tijuana, and Monterrey, between 1984 and 2017. Sociality produced by cultural dynamics, sponsored either by the public (cultural policy) or the private sector (cultural market), is generally characterised by a focus on social order, the construction of local identity, a hygienic view of public space and disempowerment of local actors. Differing from these views, our research has found a new form of sociality that we call ‘rough sociality’, produced by cultural agents from civil society. This sociality is conflictive, ephemeral, spatially bounded and affective, which has implications not only for the cultural work but, most importantly, for the social relations and the being/doing-togetherness that such work may enact and reproduce.
The Role of Trust Indicators in a Digital Platform: A Differentiated Goods Approach in an Airbnb Market
Authors: Fleischer Aliza , Ert Eyal , Bar-Nahum Ziv
Published: July 2021

We employed a differentiated goods market analysis where we utilized, in addition to the prevailing goods’ attributes, different types of the sellers’ attributes including trust indicators. We incorporated both sets of attributes into a structural model of the whole market including demand and pricing equations with the hotels as an outside good. Applying the model to Stockholm’s Airbnb market reveals that hosts’ attributes significantly affect market performance. Simulations of market scenarios show that the very high review scores and the Superhost certification help Airbnb compete with hotels and increase profitability. We also show that the “Airbnb plus” luxury program, which makes the apartments a closer substitute for hotels, leads to an increase in Airbnb’s market welfare. Our analysis provides a framework for understanding the full impact of the different attributes of the products, their providers, and their management in the sharing-economy accommodation market.
Black Students and Positive Racialized Emotions: Feeling Black Joy at a Historically White Institution
Authors: Tichavakunda Antar A.
Published: July 2021

Black students attending historically White institutions of higher education (HWIs) experience the full spectrum of emotions. Given the permanence of racism and Black collegians’ inequitable experiences at HWIs much research focuses on Black students’ negative emotions as a result of racist conditions. Little research, however, examines Black students’ positive emotions and feelings on campus. This paper centers on affect, exploring how Black students experience “Black joy” in an otherwise White space. Guided by Eduardo Bonilla Silva’s theory of racialized emotions as well as socio-historical scholarship examining the dynamism of Black life in oppressive contexts, this paper analyzes how participants, themselves, understand and describe Black joy. In this paper, the author draws upon interviews with 29 Black collegians at the same HWI. Findings demonstrate how Black students associated Black joy with being, achievement, and collectivity. By studying Black students’ accounts of joy at an HWI, scholars stand to gain a more textured understanding of both HWIs and Black collegians’ experiences.
Dyadic Experiences of Love in Late-Life Repartnering Relationships
Authors: Koren Chaya
Published: July 2021

Love is desired at any age and has many meanings. Formulating new partner relationships later in life includes love as a motivation. However, experiences of love as a concept within such relationships have yet to be examined. Such an investigation could contribute to further understanding the meaning of love within new relationships formulated later in life. Thirty-eight semi-structured, qualitative interviews with older adults (19 couples) who entered a new relationship at old age after widowhood or divorce following a long-term marriage were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Dyadic interview analysis methodology was used. Unique experiences of love were identified: (1) Kinds of love: (a) pleasant love—not heated, (b) parental love—deep and quiet, and (c) sibling love; (2) phases of love: (a) being in love, (b) partial love, and (c) falling out of love yet caring. The discussion addresses late-life repartnering love as exclusive and as shifting from passion to compassion.
Improving Patient Education of Facial Fractures Using 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography
Authors: Wickwire Peter , Kahlon Sukhraj , Kazemi Soroush , Tollefson Travis , Steele Toby , Chang Jennifer , Strong Bradley
Published: July 2021

Objective

Advances in 3‐dimensional modeling have revolutionized presurgical planning for maxillofacial reconstruction, yet little is known about how this technology may affect patient education. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of 2‐dimensional computed tomography versus 3‐dimensional computed tomography for patient education in maxillofacial reconstruction.

Study Design

Crossover study.

Setting

General otolaryngology outpatients from a tertiary referral center were recruited.

Methods

A single computed tomography data set of a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture was used to generate 2 educational video tutorials: one in a 2‐dimensional format and one in a 3‐dimensional format. The tutorials were embedded into the QualtricsXM platform. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group 1 viewed the 2‐dimensional tutorial, took a self‐assessment survey, took an information recall survey, viewed the 3‐dimensional tutorial, and finally took a tutorial comparison survey. Group 2 followed the same sequence but viewed the 3‐dimensional tutorial followed by the 2‐dimensional tutorial.

Results

Group 2 participants (viewing the 3‐dimensional tutorial first) scored better on the self‐assessment survey than their counterparts in group 1 did (P =. 023). Group 2 also scored better on the recall survey (P =. 042). Of all participants, 61% preferred the 3‐dimensional tutorial, and 31% preferred the use of both tutorials together in the comparison survey.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional patient educational tutorial regarding a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture resulted in better knowledge retention and was preferred over the 2‐dimensional format.
First impression sexual scripts of romantic encounters: Effect of gender on verbal and non verbal immediacy behaviors in American media dating culture
Authors: Romaniuk Oleksandra , Terán Larissa
Published: July 2021

The current study investigates sexual scripts in reality dating shows—in particular, how the gender of the communicator affects the choice of verbal and nonverbal immediacy behaviors aimed at making a first impression. Data were drawn from 331 couples of opposite-sex heterosexual strangers interacting for approximately 30 seconds on two reality dating shows: The Bachelor and The Bachelorette (2012–2019). As a result, a codebook of verbal immediacy cues ( N = 1623) and nonverbal immediacy cues ( N = 3021) was derived. The findings showed that verbal behavior encompassed 11 categories of verbal immediacy cues, while nonverbal behavior included 32 categories of nonverbal immediacy cues. Results also showed gender-related preferences for verbal immediacy behavior; for instance, men were more likely to outline the probability of relationship development and pay compliments; conversely, women were prone to intriguing men to arouse curiosity and interest. As for nonverbal immediacy behavior, men were predisposed to use clothes straightening, while women tended to communicate immediacy through head tilt, shoulder shrug, gaze down, gaze side(s), eyebrow flashes, hand-in-hand, hug, pat, holding hands in front of their bodies, and hair grooming. Nonetheless, the similarities between men and women were found to be greater than the differences. These findings could have wide-reaching implications for theorizing on social and cultural norms, gender stereotypes, and traditional gender roles in intimate relationships in the form of sexual scripts, along with contributing to the study of reality television.
Information technology and insurance development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Akinlo Taiwo
Published: July 2021

The study examined the relationship between information technology and insurance development in 40 sub-Saharan African countries during the period 2000-2017. The study employed System Generalised Method of Moment for the estimations. Life insurance premiums, non-life insurance premiums and total insurance premiums are used to measure life insurance, non-life insurance and total insurance, respectively. The information technology is measured by mobile phone, fixed telephone and Internet penetrations. The study found that the Internet promotes non-life insurance while its effect on life and total insurance is insignificant. The mobile phone produced a negative effect on life insurance, non-life insurance and total insurance. However, fixed telephone significantly contributed to life insurance, non-life insurance and total insurance. Based on these findings, there is a need for insurers to encourage their client to use information technology tools for insurance activities and also increase their interaction with their customers.
Outcomes of extracorporeal life support for respiratory failure in children with primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Henry Brandon Michael , Benscoter Alexis L , de Oliveira Maria Helena Santos , Vikse Jens , Perry Tanya , Cooper David S
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) may serve as a life-saving rescue therapy in critically ill children with respiratory failure. While survival rates of ECMO in children with secondary immunodeficiency is considered relatively poor, survival rates in children with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from children (29 days–18 years old). PID patients were identified by using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes.

Setting:

Data were retrieved from Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry (1989–2018).

Interventions:

ECMO for a pulmonary support indication. The survival-to-discharge rate was calculated and factors influencing outcomes were compared between survivors and non-survivors.

Measurements and main results:

A total of 73 eligible ECMO runs were included. The survival-to-discharge rate in pediatric PID patients was 45.2%. No differences were noted in survival based on type of immunodeficiency (p = 0.42) or decade of support (p = 0.98). There was no difference in the rate of pre-ECMO infection in survivors versus non-survivors (p = 0.69). The survival-to-discharge rate in patients with a culture positive infection during the ECMO run was 45.0% versus 45.3% in those with no infection (p = 0.98). In multivariate analysis, only cardiac complications (OR 5.09, 95% CI: 1.15–22.53), pulmonary complications (OR: 13.00, 95% CI: 1.20–141.25), and neurologic complications (OR: 9.86, 95% CI: 1.64–59.21) were independently associated with increased mortality.

Conclusion:

Children with a PID who require extracorporeal life support due to respiratory failure have a reasonable chance of survival and should be considered candidates for ECMO. The presence of a pre-ECMO infection should not be considered an ECMO contraindication.
Relationship between AGT rs2493132 polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with NAFLD in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Dong Mengzhen , Liu Shousheng , Wang Mengke , Wang Yifen , Xin Yongning , Xuan Shiying
Published: July 2021

Objective

To investigate the relationship between angiotensin ( AGT) rs2493132 gene polymorphism and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine AGT genotypes. Anthropometric and clinical data were investigated and statistically analyzed in the clinical laboratory department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital.

Results

The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype was an important risk factor for CAD in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD + CAD in healthy controls. The AGT rs2493132 T allele increased the risk of NAFLD + CAD in healthy controls. The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype and T allele also significantly increased the risk of CAD in patients with NAFLD after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. In addition, AGT rs2493132 T allele carriers showed higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with non-carriers.

Conclusions

The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype and T allele significantly increased the risk of developing CAD in patients with NAFLD in the Chinese Han population. The AGT rs2493132 T allele was associated with increased serum TC and LDL levels.
Is capitalism structurally indifferent to gender?: Routes to a value theory of reproductive labour
Authors: Bieler Andreas , Morton Adam David
Published: July 2021

The contributions of Ellen Meiksins Wood to social property relations arguments have facilitated an enhanced understanding of the historical specificity of capitalism and its structuring conditions. Yet such arguments also have some questionable assumptions when it comes to theorising gender and so-called ‘extra-economic’ identities, most noticeably regarding capitalism as indifferent to gender relations. This article delves into such issues by delivering a set of quandaries about various aspects of the social property relations approach and its relevance to wider debates on economy and space. We contend that debates in Marxism Feminism and social reproduction theory therein should be elevated to centre stage in considerations of political economy and economic geography. Consequently, it is possible to dispense with the notion that capitalism is structurally indifferent to gender, which mars the social property relations approach. At the same time, however, there are tensions within Marxism Feminism, not least revolving around questions of value, the role of unpaid labour in the household, and wider theorising on the relationship between ‘market’ conditions and extra-economic relations of ‘state’ power. We explore two major contending routes to what we call a value theory of reproductive labour within Marxism Feminism and conclude that this reconnaissance provides an opportunity to initiate enhanced discussion on future political struggles against capital's requirements.
Diagnosis and classification of headache associated with sexual activity using a composite algorithm: A cohort study
Authors: Lin Po-Tso , Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Ling Yu-Hsiang , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: July 2021

Background

To differentiate primary headache associated with sexual activity from other devastating secondary causes.

Methods

In this prospective cohort, we recruited consecutive patients with at least 2 attacks of headache associated with sexual activity from the headache clinics or emergency department of a national medical center from 2005 to 2020. Detailed interview, neurological examination, and serial thorough neuroimaging including brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography scans were performed on registration and during follow-ups. Patients were categorized into four groups, i.e. primary headache associated with sexual activity, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and other secondary headache associated with sexual activity through a composite clinic-radiological diagnostic algorithm. We compared the clinical profiles among these groups, including sex, age of onset, duration, quality, and clinical course (“chronic” indicates disease course ≥ 1 year). In addition, we also calculated the score of the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2, a scale developed to differentiate reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome from other intracranial vascular disorders.

Results

Overall, 245 patients with headache associated with sexual activity were enrolled. Our clinic-radiologic composite algorithm diagnosed and classified all patients into four groups, including 38 (15.5%) with primary headache associated with sexual activity, 174 (71.0%) with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 26 (10.6%) with probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and 7 (2.9%) with other secondary causes (aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 4), right internal carotid artery dissection (n = 1), Moyamoya disease (n = 1), and meningioma with hemorrhage (n = 1)). These four groups shared similar clinical profiles, except 26% of the patients with primary headache associated with sexual activity had a 3 times greater chance of running a chronic course (≥ 1 year) than patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Of note, the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2 score could not differentiate reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome from other groups.

Conclusion

Our composite clinic-radiological diagnostic algorithm successfully classified repeated headaches associated with sexual activity, which were predominantly secondary and related to vascular disorders, and predicted the prognosis. Primary headache associated with sexual activity and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome presented with repeated attacks of headache associated with sexual activity may be of the same disease spectrum.
Rehabilitation Exercises for Dysfunction of the Scapula: Exploration of Muscle Activity Using Fine-Wire EMG
Authors: Berckmans Kelly R. , Castelein Birgit , Borms Dorien , Parlevliet Thierry , Cools Ann
Published: July 2021

Background:

Scapular muscle activity during shoulder exercises has been explored with surface electromyography (EMG). However, knowledge about the activity of deeper-layer scapular muscles is still limited.

Purpose:

To investigate EMG activation of the deeper-layer scapular stabilizers (levator scapulae [LS], rhomboid major [RM], pectoralis minor [Pm] muscles) together with superficial muscle activity (upper [UT], middle [MT], and lower trapezius [LT] and serratus anterior [SA]) during 4 exercises often used for training scapular function. Based on the amplitude EMG of the deeper-layer muscles, scapular muscle activation ratios for the 4 exercises were calculated, hereby providing knowledge of the optimal muscle balance.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 26 healthy participants performed 4 shoulder exercises (side-lying external rotation [ER], side-lying forward flexion, prone horizontal abduction with ER, and prone extension) while simultaneously measuring scapular muscle activity. Intramuscular electrodes were used for the deeper layer, in contrast to surface electrodes for the superficial muscles. All data were normalized to percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC), and the activation ratios (the muscle activity of the deeper layer relative to the other muscles) were calculated. A 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was applied for statistical analysis.

Results:

Moderate activity was found in all exercises for the LS and RM (25%-45% MVIC). The Pm resulted in low activity during both side-lying exercises (13%-18% MVIC). Ratios involving LS or RM showed values >1 for all exercises (1.28-12.41) except for LS/MT, LS/LT, and LS/RM (0.85-0.98) during side-lying ER, and LS/MT, RM/MT and RM/LS (0.85-0.99) during side-lying forward flexion. Likewise, values <1 were found when MT (0.85) and LS (0.99) were involved with RM in the numerator during side-lying forward flexion. Ratios with Pm in the numerator showed values <1, apart from the ratios with UT and SA in the denominator.

Conclusion:

The study provides extended knowledge about the deeper-layer scapular muscle activity and related ratios during the 4 shoulder exercises mentioned here. Putting theory into practice, based on our results, we advise both side-lying exercises to be performed to strengthen LT and MT, even in case of hyperactivity of the Pm. However, the 4 exercises should be given carefully to patients with hyperactivity in the LS and/or RM.

Clinical Relevance:

The findings of this study may assist clinical decision making in exercise selection for restoring scapular function.
Positive Engagement with Pets Buffers the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Callous-Unemotional Traits in Children
Authors: Murphy Jennifer L. , Voorhees Elizabeth Van , O’Connor Kelly E. , Tomlinson Camie A. , Matijczak Angela , Applebaum Jennifer W. , Ascione Frank R. , Williams James Herbert , McDonald Shelby E.
Published: July 2021

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with serious psychological outcomes including increased odds of developing callous-unemotional (CU) traits and behaviors. Recent studies suggest that concomitant exposure to animal cruelty (AC) may increase this risk. However, even under these circumstances, bonds with companion animals may still be a protective factor that buffers the deleterious impact of IPV on child adjustment. This cross-sectional study evaluates whether, and to what extent, the association between exposure to IPV and children’s CU and empathic-prosocial (EP) traits vary as a function of children’s positive engagement with pets and exposure to AC. Participants included 204 children (aged 7–12 years; 57% Latinx) and their maternal caregiver who were recruited from domestic violence agencies in a western US state. We conducted multiple moderation analyses to evaluate each outcome individually (i.e., CU traits, EP traits), adjusting for the effects of child age, gender, and Hispanic ethnicity. Positive engagement with pets significantly moderated the relationship between IPV and CU traits, ∇R = 0.03, F (1, 195) = 7.43, β = –0.17, t(195) = –2.73, p = .007. Specifically, when high levels of positive engagement with pets is present, IPV is negatively associated with CU traits, whereas the reverse was true at low levels of positive engagement with pets. Evidence of moderation by AC was not supported. Our findings suggest that children who form close relationships with their pets in the context of IPV appear to derive important support from these animals; safeguarding the well-being of these animals may be critical to their long-term emotional health.
Order Effects of Presenting Coercive Tactics on Young Adults’ Reports of Sexual Victimization
Authors: Tomaszewska Paulina , Schuster Isabell , Marchewka Juliette , Krahé Barbara
Published: July 2021

Measures designed to collect prevalence reports of sexual victimization need to be robust against variations of question context to yield valid findings. Previous research has examined variations in the order in which questions about unwanted sexual acts and questions about coercive tactics are presented. The current study examined potential effects of the order in which coercive tactics are presented on self-reported prevalence rates of sexual victimization. The following two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S), a validated measure for studying sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in college students, were used: (a) the standard version in which the physical-force items were presented first and the items referring to the use of verbal pressure were presented last, and (b) a reversed order in which the verbal-pressure items were presented first and the physical-force items were presented last. Items referring to the exploitation of the victim’s inability to resist were placed in the middle in both versions. In a sample of 856 participants from Germany (475 female, 381 male, mean age of 24 years), most of whom were university students, 80.4% of women and 55.3% of men reported at least one experience of sexual victimization since the age of 14. No order effects on overall victimization rates were found. For both genders, the victimization rate through verbal pressure was higher when this tactic was presented first. Victimization rates through the threat or use of force were higher in the force-first than in the force-last condition for women, but could not be tested for men due to small cell sizes. No order effects were found for both men and women on reports of victimization through exploiting the inability to resist. The implications of the results for the reliable measurement of sexual aggression are discussed.
Caregivers’ Perspectives of Pharmacist Intervention in Children’s Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Toth Jennifer M. , Rosenthal Meagen , Sharma Manvi , Barnard Marie
Published: July 2021

Background: Community pharmacists can help fight antimicrobial resistance by intervening in children’s antibiotic prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). However, caregivers’ attitudes and perspectives on this are unknown. Objective: To evaluate children’s caregivers’ acceptability of pharmacists intervening in their antibiotic prescriptions for URTIs with respect to their knowledge of and attitude toward pharmacists and knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to antibiotics. Methods: A 69-item survey was created and sent to a panel of caregivers. ANCOVA and path analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between caregiver characteristics and their acceptability of pharmacists intervening in children’s antibiotic prescriptions for URTIs. Results: Responses from 246 caregivers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Mean caregivers’ acceptability of pharmacists intervening in children’s antibiotic prescriptions for URTIs was 3.25 out of 5 (±1.01). The ANCOVA model (adjusted R2 = .636) showed positive attitude toward pharmacists and being more accepting of health advice from pharmacists since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with higher caregiver acceptability of pharmacists intervening in children’s antibiotic prescriptions. Caregivers with better relationships with their pharmacist also tend to have better attitudes toward pharmacists. Not wanting antibiotics for symptom relief was associated with decreased acceptability scores. Conclusion: Overall caregiver acceptability of pharmacists intervening in antibiotic prescriptions was slightly above neutral. Building a relationship with caregivers could help change their attitude and increase the acceptability of pharmacists intervening in children’s antibiotic prescriptions. Caregivers seeking symptomatic relief may be more open to non-antibiotic alternatives.
Dynamic error of multiaxis machine tools considering position dependent structural dynamics and axis coupling inertial forces
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Xing , Wang Lei , Zhao Wanhua
Published: July 2021

During the working process of high-speed multiaxis machine tools, inertial forces can cause vibration and deformation of mechanical structure, which lead to the dynamic error of tool center point (TCP) relative to worktable and can adversely affect the machining performance. Considering the varying feed positions and accelerations during machining, a parameter-varying multi-rigid-body dynamic model of a 3-axis gantry machine tool is proposed. This model represents the position dependent structural dynamics and inertial forces, which can simulate the dynamic error of TCP relative to worktable within the entire workspace. The results show that the dynamic error in one direction is affected by the feed motions of multiple feed axes. The magnitudes of the dynamic error significantly vary with the position of Z-axis. And the dynamic errors in Y- and Z-direction show different varying trends. Then the theoretical model is used to discuss the dynamic error and position dependency. The expressions of TCP dynamic response and inertial forces reveal the reason why the dynamic errors in Y- and Z-direction show different varying trends.
Dynamic analysis of balance rope under multiple constraints with friction
Authors: Zhang Ning , Cao Guohua , Yang Fang
Published: July 2021

Dynamic model of balance rope under multiple constraints with friction is established via using non-equal-length element division method (NEL-EDM) based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. Then, the natural frequency of balance rope under multiple constraints is derived by the proposed method. The KDP generalized-alpha scheme is expanded to differential algebraic equations (DAEs) with friction constraint equations and used to solve the DAEs proposed by this paper. Compared with the frequencies, lateral vibration displacements at four observation points, the analysis of the NEL-EDM is carried out by MATLAB, ANSYS, and RECURDYN software, and the feasibility of NEL-EDM is verified. The frequencies of balance rope with installed bushing constraints will occur frequency veering phenomenon when the balance rope moves up and down with the conveyance. Last, free responses of the balance rope under multiple constraints due to the effects of conveyance vertical motion, and those of in-plane excitation on forced responses of balance rope under multiple constraints with friction are investigated.
Structural characterization of semiconductor multi-layer pad
Authors: Calabretta Michele , Sitta Alessandro , Oliveri Salvatore Massimo , Sequenzia Gaetano
Published: July 2021

Structural mechanics and mechanical reliability issues are becoming more and more challenging in the semiconductor industry due to the continuous trend of the device dimensional shrinkage and simultaneous increased operative temperature and power density. As main consequence of the downsizing and more aggressive operative conditions, the mechanical robustness assessment is now having a central role in the device engineering and assessment phase. The risk of mechanical crack in the brittle oxide layers, which are embedded in pad stacks, increases during the device manufacturing processes such as the electrical wafer testing and during wire bonding. This risk increases with the presence of intrinsic mechanical stress in individual layers resulting from the metal grain growth mechanisms, the stack layers’ interfacial mismatches in coefficients of thermal expansion and the temperature stress induced by doping diffusion and film deposition. The current trend of innovation in the electronic industry is going over the semiconductor material itself and it is now impacting the improvement of the Back-End of Line. Key actors are becoming the interactions between the semiconductor die and the device packaging such as adhesion layers, barriers and metal stacks. In the present work, different pad structures have been structurally analyzed and benchmarked. The experimental characterization of the pad structures has been done through a flat punch nano-indentation to investigate on the mechanical strength and the crack propagation. The considered mechanical load reproduces the vertical impact force applied during wire bonding process to create the bond-pad electrical interconnection. The obtained testing results have been compared to finite element models to analyze the stress distribution through the different layers’ stacks. Scope of this work is to demonstrate the validity of the proposed integrated numerical/experimental methodology, showing the impact of the metal connections layouts by the analysis of the stress notch factors and crack propagation behaviour.