bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small-scale transport structures in the Arctic winter 2009/2010
Authors: Kalicinsky C. , Grooß J.-U. , Günther G. , Ungermann J. , Blank J. , Höfer S. , Hoffmann L. , Knieling P. , Olschewski F. , Spang R. , Stroh F. , Riese M.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. The CRISTA-NF (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescope for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers) instrument is an airborne infrared limb sounder operated aboard the Russian research aircraft M55-Geophysica. The instrument successfully participated in a large Arctic aircraft campaign within the RECONCILE (Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions) project from January to March 2010 in Kiruna, Sweden. This paper concentrates on the measurements during one flight of the campaign, which took place on 2 March in the vicinity of the polar vortex. We present two-dimensional cross-sections of volume mixing ratios for the trace gases CFC-11, O3, and ClONO2 with an unprecedented vertical resolution of about 500 to 600 m for a large part of the observed altitude range and a dense horizontal sampling along flight direction of ≈ 15 km. The trace gas distributions show several structures like the polar vortex and filaments composed of air masses of different origin. The situation during the analysed flight is simulated by the chemistry and transport model CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and compared with the measurements to assess the performance of the model with respect to advection, mixing, and the chemistry in the polar vortex. These comparisons confirm the capability of CLaMS to reproduce even very small-scale structures in the atmosphere. Based on the good agreement between simulation and observation, we use a model concept utilising artificial tracers to further analyse the CRISTA-NF observations in terms of air mass origin. A characteristic of the Arctic winter 2009/10 was a sudden stratospheric warming in early December that led to a split of the polar vortex. The vortex re-established at the end of December. Our passive tracer simulations suggest that large parts of the re-established vortex consisted to about 45% of high- and mid-latitude air.
Variability of ionospheric scintillation near the equatorial anomaly crest of the Indian zone
Authors: Chatterjee S. , Chakraborty S. K.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Multistation observations of ionosphere scintillation at VHF (250 MHz) and GNSS L1 frequency from three locations – (i) Bokkhali (BOK) (geographic 21.6° N, 88.2° E, dip 31.48°, (ii) Raja Peary Mohan College Centre (RPMC) (geographic 22.66° N, 88.4° E, dip 33.5°) and (iii) Krishnath College Centre (KNC), Berhampore (geographic 24.1° N, 88.3° E, dip 35.9°) – at ~ 1° latitudinal separations near the northern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) of the Indian longitude sector are investigated in conjunction with total electron content (TEC) data and available ionosonde data near the magnetic equator to study fine structure in spatial and temporal variability patterns of scintillation occurrences. The observations are carried out in the autumnal equinoctial months of a high solar activity year (2011). In spite of smaller latitudinal/spatial separation among the observing stations, conspicuous differences are reflected in the onset time, duration, fade rate and fade depth of VHF scintillations as well as in spectral features. Scintillations are mostly associated with depletion in TEC around the anomaly crest and occurrence of ESF near the magnetic equator at an earlier time. Not only the strength of EIA, but also the locations of observing stations with respect to the post-sunset resurgence peak of EIA seem to play dominant role in dictating the severity of scintillation activity. A secondary enhancement in diurnal TEC in the post-sunset period seems to accentuate the irregularity activities near the anomaly crest, and a threshold value of the same may fruitfully be utilized for the prediction of scintillation around the locations. An idea regarding latitudinal extent of scintillation is developed by considering observations at L1 frequency from the GPS and GLONASS constellation of satellites. A critical value of h'F near the magnetic equator for the occurrence of simultaneous scintillation at the three centres is suggested. The observations are discussed considering electrodynamical aspect of equatorial irregularities.
Trends in timing and magnitude of flow in the Upper Indus Basin
Authors: Sharif M. , Archer D. R. , Fowler H. J. , Forsythe N.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. River flow is a reflection of the input of moisture and its transformation in storage and transmission over the catchment. In the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), since high-altitude climate measurement and observations of glacier mass balance are weak or absent, analysis of trends in magnitude and timing in river flow provides a window on trends and fluctuations in climate and glacier outflow. Trend analysis is carried out using a Mann–Kendall nonparametric trend test on records extending from 1960 to 1998. High-level glacial catchments show a falling trend in runoff magnitude and a declining proportion of glacial contribution to the main stem of the Indus. Elsewhere annual flow has predominantly increased with several stations exhibiting statistically significant positive trends. Analysis of timing using spring onset date (SOT) and centre of volume date (CoV) indicated no clear trends – in direct contrast to what has been observed in western North America. There is, however, a consistent relationship between CoV and annual runoff volume. A consistently positive correlation was also found between SOT and CoV for all the stations, implying that initial snowpack conditions before the onset of runoff influence timing throughout the season. The results of the analysis presented here indicate that the magnitude and timing of streamflow hydrograph is influenced both by the initial snowpack and by seasonally varied trends in temperature. The study contributes to the understanding of the links between climate trends and variability and river runoff and glacier mass balance and runoff. The Upper Indus Basin is predominantly influenced by winter precipitation; similar trend analysis applied to summer-monsoon-dominated catchments of the central Himalaya is recommended.
Integrating geologic fault data into tsunami hazard studies
Authors: Basili R. , Tiberti M. M. , Kastelic V. , Romano F. , Piatanesi A. , Selva J. , Lorito S.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. We present the realization of a fault-source data set designed to become the starting point in regional-scale tsunami hazard studies. Our approach focuses on the parametric fault characterization in terms of geometry, kinematics, and assessment of activity rates, and includes a systematic classification in six justification levels of epistemic uncertainty related with the existence and behaviour of fault sources. We set up a case study in the central Mediterranean Sea, an area at the intersection of the European, African, and Aegean plates, characterized by a complex and debated tectonic structure and where several tsunamis occurred in the past. Using tsunami scenarios of maximum wave height due to crustal earthquakes (Mw=7) and subduction earthquakes (Mw=7 and Mw=8), we illustrate first-order consequences of critical choices in addressing the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potentials of fault sources. Although tsunamis generated by Mw=8 earthquakes predictably affect the entire basin, the impact of tsunamis generated by Mw=7 earthquakes on either crustal or subduction fault sources can still be strong at many locales. Such scenarios show how the relative location/orientation of faults with respect to target coastlines coupled with bathymetric features suggest avoiding the preselection of fault sources without addressing their possible impact onto hazard analysis results.
Forest fire danger rating in complex topography – results from a case study in the Bavarian Alps in autumn 2011
Authors: Schunk C. , Wastl C. , Leuchner M. , Schuster C. , Menzel A.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Forest fire danger rating based on sparse meteorological stations is known to be potentially misleading when assigned to larger areas with a complex topography. This case study examines outputs of several fire danger rating systems based on data from two meteorological stations in different elevations during a major drought period. This drought was caused by a persistent high pressure system, inducing a pronounced temperature inversion with cool, humid conditions in the lower and warmer, dryer conditions in the upper layer. Thus, a massive drying of fuels, leading to a high fire danger level and multiple fire occurrences at higher elevations were contrasted by moderate fire danger in the valleys. The relative accuracy of fire danger rating indices was studied based on a comparison with the actual fire danger as determined from expert observations, fire occurrences and fuel moisture measurements. The results revealed that, during temperature inversion, differences in daily cycles of meteorological parameters influence fire danger and that these are not resolved by standard meteorological stations and fire danger indices. Additional stations in higher locations or high-resolution meteorological models in combination with fire danger indices that accept hourly input data may allow reasonable fire danger calculations under these circumstances.
Stefanoni, Pablo. 2010. “Qué hacer con los indios…” y otros traumas irresueltos de la colonialidad.
Authors: Cunha Filho Clayton Mendonça
Published: April 2013

Review / Reseña
Algunas reflexiones desde la acuarela de Mario Conde
Authors: Romano Pamela
Published: April 2013

This brief reflection on the work of Mario Conde begins by focussing on the special relationship the artist has with the technique of watercolor, exhibiting through that relationship an ethic based on copying. Out of that materiality, Conde builds his response to this moment in postmodernism in which art in general, and particularly Bolivian art, is developing given current social conditions. The ethic of copying is especially explored in two of his works: Exterminator Angel where appropriation addresses colonial issues that reappear in order to question and challenge the very notion of patria (homeland), and Drunk with power (Géricault in Los Andes) where the copy, adapted to the Andean world, distills a desire to reestablish the sacred and unique character of the work of art as well as the Andean imaginary.
Crónicas urbanas
Authors: Garcia Oscar
Published: April 2013

The urban chronicle is probably one of the least cultivated genres in Bolivia, not because the country lacks a repertoire of urban stories, but rather that those stories are neither produced nor consumed as a literary "genre." They are, instead, lived, savored and distributed through circuits of affection by which the city, the country and its inhabitants reveal their daily lives, the clamor forged by their stories of struggle, by their sorrows and disappointments. What follows is a sample of what these stories are capable of saying when caught by the sharp ear of an inveterate “paceño” who listens to the city, the country and the times lived by those in Bolivia.
Estado Plurinacional: entre el nuevo proyecto y la factualidad neocolonial
Authors: Mamani Ramirez Pablo
Published: April 2013

This article presents and discusses the deep contradictions and paradoxes that indigenous social movements face in their struggles to reverse the republican colonial order in Bolivia and to share the exercise of political power with the two hundred year old elite groups. Here the complexity is toask oneself about what type of society is being built in Bolivia. Are we moving toward a pluralist society of an Indian-popular type, toward a liberal multicultural mestizo-style society, or toward a monocultural society?
Single-crystal Structure Determination and Spectroscopic Characterization of KSr4(BO3)3
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Clara Doris , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2013

During attempts to synthesize a high-pressure phase of KSr4(BO3)3 using pressures of up to 12 GPa, single crystals of the normal-pressure phase KSr4(BO3)3 with sufficient quality for singlecrystal diffraction experiments could be obtained at 3 GPa and 1300 °C in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus. The single-crystal structure determination verified the published powder diffraction data of KSr4(BO3)3 revealing the non-centrosymmetric space group Ama2 with a = 1104:8(2), b=1199:1(2), c=688:8(2) pm and Z =4. Additionally, IR- and Raman-spectroscopic investigations were performed on single crystals of the compound.
Towards a Stable Robotic Object Manipulation Through 2D-3D Features Tracking
Authors: Grigorescu Sorin M. , Pozna Claudiu
Published: April 2013

In this paper, a new object tracking system is proposed to improve the object manipulation capabilities of service robots. The goal is to continuously track the state of the visualized environment in order to send visual information in real time to the path planning and decision modules of the robot; that is, to adapt the movement of the robotic system according to the state variations appearing in the imaged scene. The tracking approach is based on a probabilistic collaborative tracking framework developed around a 2D patch-based tracking system and a 2D-3D point features tracker. The real-time visual information is composed of RGB-D data streams acquired from state-of-the-art structured light sensors. For performance evaluation, the accuracy of the developed tracker is compared to a traditional marker-based tracking system which delivers 3D information with respect to the position of the marker.
Dynamic Modelling of a CPG-Controlled Amphibious Biomimetic Swimming Robot
Authors: Ding Rui , Yu Junzhi , Yang Qinghai , Tan Min
Published: April 2013

This paper focuses on the modelling and control problems of a self-propelled, multimodal amphibious robot. Inspired by the undulatory body motions of fish and dolphins, the amphibious robot propels itself underwater by oscillations of several modular fish-like propelling units coupled with a pair of pectoral fins capable of non-continuous 360 degree rotation. In order to mimic fish-like undulating propulsion, a control architecture based on Central Pattern Generator (CPG) is applied to the amphibious robot for robust swimming gaits, including forward and backward swimming and turning, etc. With the simplification of the robot as a multi-link serial mechanism, a Lagrangian function is employed to establish the hydrodynamic model for steady swimming. The CPG motion control law is then imported into the Lagrangian-based dynamic model, where an associated system of kinematics and dynamics is formed to solve real-time movements and, further, to guide the exploration of the CPG parameters and steady locomotion gaits. Finally, comparative results between the simulations and experiments are provided to show the effectiveness of the built control models.
NYSTEM: Igniting a Thriving Stem Cell Research Community
Authors: Shah Nirav R.
Published: April 2013

The goals of New York's Empire State Stem Cell Board (ESSCB) are to ignite the growth of a thriving stem cell research community within New York, to stimulate the local economy, and to provide support for efforts to discover treatments and cures for debilitating diseases and injuries. Dr. Nirav R. Shah, New York Commissioner of Health and chair of the ESSCB, shares its history and its approach to research.
The SME Perception towards the Accounting Standard without Public Accountability (SAK-ETAP) and Self-Assessment System for Increasing Voluntary Tax Compliance
Authors: Supriyati Supriyati , Wulanditya Putri
Published: April 2013

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the important factor for increasing the country's economic growth. Since the accounting standard of financial equity without public accountability (SAK-ETAP) has been adopted per January 2010, it is really challenging for the SMEs in their businesses. This study tries to test empirically the effect of internal and external factors on the SMEs’ understanding towards SAK-ETAP. It also tests the effect of the SMEs understanding towards SAK-ETAP on tax compliance with the self-assessment as the intervening variable. This study uses primary data in which the data collection was done using questionnaires distributed to 130 respondents of SMEs in Sidoarjo and Surabaya cities. The test analysis was done by means of crosstab, independent sample test, and regression. It shows the personal factors have significant effect on the SMEs understanding towards SAK-ETAP. Among the findings, it was also found that the different perception is due to the incomprehensive understanding towards the regulation. Thus, the understanding of SAK-ETAP has no effect yet on the tax compliance. This is due to their habit of using the third party for making financial report and tax compliance as well as the feeling that the tax compliance is considered coercive. Keywords - Understanding of SAK-ETAP, Self-Assessment System, tax compliance, descriptive inferential, Sidoayo, Surabaya, Indonesia
The Effect of College Image on the Preference Recommendation: A Case Study at STIE Perbanas Surabaya
Authors: Harsono Soni
Published: April 2013

The success of Universities to attract the prospective students undoubtedly depends on the college’s Image. When it has good image, the university can be assumed to have attracted any prospective student. Therefore, the most important thing is whether the university image is felt by the students as they expected. How to relate the recommendation preference with other parties is required. In this case the prospective students should be dragged into the university image.. This research tries to get accurate data on the students’ evaluation towards the university image. This research uses 150 students of STIE Perbanas Surabaya as the respondents. These students were of the Batch 2009 -2010. These 150 students were taken by accidental sampling. The analysis used in this study was Struktural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) program version 1.0. The result shows that college image has significant effect on the recommendation preference with positive direction. It also shows that when there is a good experience with STIE Perbanas Surabaya (university) the students tend to recommend other prospective students and make them confident with this college. Keywords - Marketing, college image and preference recommendation, satisfaction, loyalty, descriptive research, Surabaya, Indonesia
The Economic Performance of Southeast Asia: Growth by Industrial Origin
Authors: Prado Grace Edmar Elizar-Del
Published: April 2013

What explains economic growth in Southeast Asia? The region’s growth rate has generally varied very widely. Using the country’s specific base years and local currency, the time series results revealed that Myanmar grows the fastest and is to double production capabilities in only two years. Driven primarily by agriculture, garments, construction and tourism sectors Cambodia’s growth doubles in two years as well. Lao People’s Democratic Republic, a once centrally planned economy, doubles in three years. Doi Moi Reforms take Vietnam 10 years to realize fully development plans while Indonesia’s remarkable growth of 11.78% takes the country only six years to grow two folds. Philippines and Thailand need to wait 19 and 16 years respectively. Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore though grow slowly, dominate welfare satisfaction indexes as governments continue to implement people centered policies. Overall, the manufacturing sector is largely fueling growth, supported heavily by construction, trade, public administration and other sectors. Hence, massive production and international trading are required to ensure growth. Heavy investments on construction, telecommunications, and electronics are essential as well. Behind all these, rests the effective capabilities of the public administration sector to manage efficiently the financial servicing and gigantic active trading of Southeast Asian countries. Keywords - Southeast Asian economies, economic performance, growth by industrial origin
Work Motivation and Organizational Commitment of the Faculty of the Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) in Region I, Philippines
Authors: Anicas Roel Palo
Published: April 2013

The study determines the levels of work motivation and organizational commitment of the faculty of the Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) in Region I, Philippines as basis for formulating the ROEL PALO ANICAS [RPA] Integrative Formula. The study uses the descriptive-correlational survey method. It utilized a three-part questionnaire and seven (7) PHEIs offering non-allied medical courses in Region I, Philippines served as respondents. A result reveals that the faculty is qualified in their respective positions because they possess the minimum requirements for their appointments. The work motivation of the faculty is more or less uniform; but the level of organizational commitment differed significantly, which implies that some have a lower level of organizational commitment. Age, highest educational attainment, and position were not significantly influenced by their levels of work motivation and organizational commitment due to individual differences on their perceptions. Faculty who are rewarded for their exemplary performance are stronger in their commitment while age and academic rank appear to have no significant relationship to work motivation as well as academic rank, which has no significant relationship to organizational commitment. Therefore, the administrations of each PHEIs in Region I, Philippines are encouraged to adopt the ROEL PALO ANICAS [RPA] Integrative Formula.   Keywords - Education, work motivation; Organizational Commitment; Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs); Hygiene Factors/Extrinsic Motivation; Motivational Factors/Intrinsic Motivation and RPA Integrative Formula
Managing Perceived Challenges of E-Learning in Nigerian Higher Education
Authors: U Onuka Adams O. , Durowoju Esther O.
Published: April 2013

Higher Education is the climax of the process of providing knowledge, changing learners attitude and inculcating specialized skills in individuals preparatory to taking a life-long employment with intent to earning a living and equally contributing to national economic growth and development. The Teaching and learning process is cardinal to the realization of the educational objectives of any nation. The advent of information and communication technology has made teaching and learning easier and beyond the traditional face to face interaction between the teacher and the learner. E-learning basically involving the transfer of skills and knowledge through an electronic device aims at improving the teaching/learning process. In spite of the benefits of e-learning to both regular students and distance learners, e-learning has been fraught with some challenges in Africa. Therefore, this paper discusses some of the challenges facing e-learning in Africa particularly in the Nigerian higher education system. These among others are epileptic power supply, high cost of procurement of computer hardware, inadequate infrastructure, and resistance to change on the part of the instructors, inability of learners to make use of ICT infrastructure, inadequate skilled manpower ICT, and corruption of computer storage device through viruses. Effectively managing the identified challenges means that the government would have to ensure regular power supply, lecturers and learners should be trained in the use of ICT infrastructure, and the government should evolve viable ICT policy as well as control or subsidise the price of the s of ICT infrastructure to make it affordable for both lecturers and learners. Keywords - Education, Challenges, Information and Communication Technology, National Educational Objectives, University system, Descriptive Research, Ibadan, Nigeria
Program Sustainability of B.S. Chemistry from the Purview of Performance in the Chemist Licensure Examination
Authors: Diopenes Georgina A.
Published: April 2013

The study looked at sustainability of the B.S. Chemistry program particularly in Region 6 from the point of view of performance in the Chemist Licensure Examination (CLE). The respondents were the centers of excellence and development in chemistry before the issuance of CMO 05 s.2007, and the Region 6 schools offering B.S. Chemistry. The attributes of consistent top performing schools in the CLE from 2002 to 2006 constituted the profile of a Top Performing School (TPS) and was used in institutional benchmarking. Top performers are way ahead in excellence of their faculty and laboratory, and keep to the minimum the chemistry units in their curricula. The other respondents meet some of the benchmarks. Only two other centers of excellence are anywhere near the TPS profile but no other respondent meets the benchmark in CLE performance. Correlation analyses between CLE performance and the variables reveal CLE performance has a high correlation with chemistry specialization; high negative correlation with lecture credit units; and substantial relationship with enrollment. Problem in enrollment therefore, translates to a quality issue. Improving the instructional elements can be instrumental in increasing enrollment. Nevertheless, commitment and fortitude from principal stakeholders are equally necessary to keep the program viable.   Keywords – Science Education, Benchmark, Top Performing School, Chemistry, Program Sustainability, Center of Excellence, Center of Development, Institutional benchmarking, Indices, Descriptive Study, Philippines
The Balanced Approach versus Classroom Dialogues for Oral English Proficiency
Authors: Alas Teresa Acedo
Published: April 2013

This study determined the effect of classroom dialogues on the oral English proficiency of Teacher Education students. Respondents from heterogenous grouping were tested on fluency and coherence, lexical resource, grammar, and pronunciation. Lessons for the Experimental group were aligned with Nick Bilbrough’s (2007) dialogue activities while the Control group used the Balanced Approach. Pre-test results showed a very small mean difference in the level of proficiency of all respondents. They were less proficient in the four criteria with the experimental group having a higher overall mean than the control group. Post test results showed an increase in proficiency levels. The experimental group edged over the control group with a high post test means score. However, pre-post mean difference showed a higher mean increase of the control group than the experimental. There was a significant difference in the proficiency levels of the two groups.The study concludes that classroom dialogues helped improve the students’ proficiency levels in spoken English. Lesson designs in all subject areas should, therefore, include dialogue activities to encourage a highly interactive language environment and to increase students’ exposure to the English language. Keywords – Education, Balanced Approach, Classroom Dialogues, Oral English proficiency, Dialogue Tasks, descriptive research,Surigao del Sur, Philippines
Professionalizing Human Resources: A Response to the Increasing Onslaught of Technology
Authors: Rialubin Aniceto R.
Published: April 2013

The study was conducted to find out whether or not professionalizing human resources is a vital response to the increasing onslaught of technology. Specifically, this study sought to determine the extent of qualification standards used among the engineer respondents as compared to Civil Service Standards, the management support on the initiation, development, and propagation along Local Scholarship Programs, Computer Training Programs, and Other Measures to beef up the existing capabilities of the respondents, and the frequency of occurrence on the issues they found in the organization. Qualification standards, management support on measures to beef up the existing capabilities of the respondents, and issues have implication to develop human resources. In support to National and Global Competitiveness and Excellence, the human resources are considered as the ultimate wealth of the nation should be given real priority, more opportunities and support on quality education, relevant training and development to sustain engineering competencies and versatility. Building a high quality and excellent human resources will result to building quality infrastructure projects and a progressive world. Indeed, it’s the engineers’ responsibility to provide a society with sustainable development not only on technological but in environment terms as well and the increasingly limited resources. Keywords – Management, human resources, global competitiveness, technology and qualification standards, descriptive, Vigan City, Philippines
The Situation of Birth Registration among Special Groups: A Collective Action
Authors: Sarmiento Chona Q. , Amsid John Ralph H. , Salang Ere Lee Q. , Aquino Emmanuel L.
Published: April 2013

The partnership of educational institutions together with the Local Civil Registrar and Far East Broadcasting Company initiated the study on Facilitating Birth Registration among IPs and Muslims as a peace development initiative to contribute to social transformation. The university’s mission and vision directed the efforts to facilitate= birth registration among four impoverished barangays predominantly identified with special groups. A survey administered at the household level provided breadth and quantitative information to the project outcomes and the uniqueness of the project at two phases. In-depth qualitative methods (focus group, community interviewing) provided greater understanding and insights into the different situations. The findings of the study revealed that the rate of registration among marginal groups in the identified areas was slow and the children were born in non-birthing facilities by traditional birth attendants. These children were also born to parents without Birth Registration. Illiteracy of the parents influenced their choice not to register their children. The high rate of illiteracy and poverty condition followed similar cycle of difficulty form on-birth registration application. The lack of birth registration documents has caused children to be disadvantage in terms of socio economic status, education, health care and protection.   Keywords – Social Science, birth registration, special population, poverty, child rights, social transformation, descriptive qualitative research, Zamboanga City, Philippines
Giving Joint Project: A Simulation of Game Theory
Authors: Tamayo Adrian M.
Published: April 2013

This study employed the game theory in evaluating giving a joint project as a teaching strategy. Game theory helps the students decide a course of action with respect to anticipated course of actions. A total of 178 students participated in the experiment; they were asked on either they “goof off” or “work hard” on a project. Multinomial logit analysis was used to determine the choice behavior of the students. It is an appropriate model for multiple-coded dependent variable. The findings characterized the students’ behavior towards doing a project. Most of the students prefer to work in a group to complete the project however, this preference decreases as the student moves up on higher year level; first year were 99% less likely to do the project alone, second year were 94% less likely to do it alone; third year students were 93% less likely to do alone. Rural students prefer doing the project alone. The presence of a female in the group will cause pressure to contribute efforts to finish the project. Older students tend to practice leadership in group. The study affirmed applicability of game theory in learning and instruction.   Keywords - Education, instruction strategy, game theory, joint project, multinomial logit, Philippines
Bilingual Mastery as Effectual Medium of Instruction in General Education Courses
Authors: Del Rio Annsharina , Lopez Jezreel S.
Published: April 2013

The medium of instruction used in the classroom has a vital role in the learning of the students. It is a big factor in accomplishing quality education upheld by any academic institution. In the Philippines where public education was introduced by the American colonizers in the early 1900s and augmented by books and instructional materials that were written in English, it is no longer surprising to see that until in contemporary time, most of the schools strictly promote the use of the English language more than Filipino (national language) in classroom lectures and discussions. This is regardless whether the course is major or general education (GE) such as Philippine History, Literature, Social Sciences, and Math. This research entitled “Bilingual mastery as effectual medium of instruction in General Education courses” aims to determine the preferences of students regarding medium of instruction in the teaching of GE courses, know the preferred medium of communication among college students and identify the effectuality of bilingual practices among GE teachers. The descriptive research design is used in the study. The researchers seek the cooperation of 60 student-respondents who are enrolled in GE courses in De La Salle Lipa (DLSL) in Batangas, Philippines. The respondents are asked to answer a survey questionnaire. Based on the results, DLSL college students prefer both English and Filipino as the media of instruction in GE classes. Most of the respondents claim that they can express and perceive learning in both languages. With this outcome, it can be recommended that academic institutions in the Philippines like DLSL review the policy on classroom-teaching language as well as allow the bilingual practices among teachers.   Keywords - General Education, bilingual mastery, descriptive design, Philippines
Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems (ATPSs) for Extraction and Purification of Biomolecules and Bioparticles
Authors: de Araújo Viana Marques Daniela , Vitor Dutra Molino João , Gava Mazzola Priscila , S. Viccari Gatti Maria , Pessoa Júnior Adalberto
Published: April 2013

The study of biomolecules and bioparticles has achieved great advances, thus increasing the productivity with upstream improvements. Nowadays, downstream processes are the bottleneck in the production of some biopharmaceuticals, a change from the previous years' scene. Current purification platforms will reach their physical limits at some point, creating the necessity for new approaches. This article reviews an alternative method for the extraction and purification of biomolecules/bioparticles denominated asaqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs). Biocompatibility and readiness to scale up are some of the characteristics of ATPSs and we also discuss its application in the biotechnology field.
An Overview of Inquiry‐Based Learning in Mathematics
Authors: Yoshinobu Stan , Jones Matthew
Published: April 2013

There exists a growing body of evidence in the research literature suggesting better learning outcomes for students in courses taught using inquiry‐based learning. This article presents a broad overview of what inquiry‐based learning is and the supporting research literature.
Inspection Games
Authors: Hohzaki Ryusuke
Published: April 2013

Dresher began the so‐called inspection game as a study on the treaty of arms reduction in 1962. After him, his work was extended to several branches of research fields. The first branch is inspection games for inspectors to deter illegal behaviors of violators for the compliance of treaties or laws, taking account of violators' intention, for example, the nuclear inspection by the IAEA to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and technology. The second branch is smuggling games, where Customs tries to interdict the drug smuggling by a smuggler. As the inspection game, we could regard network interdiction games, ambush games, and infiltration games. In this article, we mention those models of the inspection game.

First, we review the history of researches on the inspection game. Second, we describe a basic model of the inspection game with multiple stages, which is often taken in many past researches. We modify an assumption of the basic model concerning with acquisition of information about players' opponents and consider several versions of the inspection game: a multistage game with complete information, a one‐shot game with no information, and a multistage game with incomplete information. While outlining the modeling and the formulation of each model, we describe useful methodologies to solve each game, such as difference equation, dynamic programming, and the concept of Bayesian–Nash equilibrium.
Interactive Growth Effects of Rare‐Earth Nanoparticles on Nanorod Formation in YBa2Cu3Ox Thin Films
Authors: Baca F. Javier , Haugan Timothy J. , Barnes Paul N. , Holesinger Terry G. , Maiorov Boris , Lu Rongtao , Wang Xiang , Reichart Joshua N. , Wu Judy Z.
Published: April 2013

The controlled growth of self‐assembled second‐phase nanostructures has been shown to be an essential tool for enhancing properties of several composite oxide thin film systems. Here, the role of Y2O3 nanoparticles on the growth of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods is investigated in order to understand the mechanisms governing their self‐assembly in YBa2Cu3O7–x (YBCO) thin films and to more fully control the resulting defect landscape. By examining the microstructure and current‐carrying capacity of BZO‐doped YBCO films, it is shown that the nanorod growth dynamics are significantly enhanced when compared to films double‐doped with BZO and Y2O3 nanoparticles. The average nanorod length and associated critical current densities are found to increase at a significantly higher rate in the absence of Y2O3 nanoparticles when the growth temperature is increased. Using microstructural data from transmission electron microscopy studies and the response in critical current density, the interactive effects of multiple dopants that must be considered to fully control the defect landscape in oxide thin films are shown.
Nondestructive Characterization of Graphene Defects
Authors: Ly Thuc Hue , Duong Dinh Loc , Ta Quang Huy , Yao Fei , Vu Quoc An , Jeong Hye Yun , Chae Sang Hoon , Lee Young Hee
Published: April 2013

An effective method is reported for oxidizing graphene/copper film in which air oxidation of the underlying copper film occurs through the grain boundary lines of graphene without oxidizing graphene. This oxidation is realized by partially immersing the graphene/copper film in sodium chloride solution. Electrons generated during etching of the graphene/copper film in electrolyte diffuse into the film in contact with air, which eventually enhances air oxidation of copper through the graphene layer. While the graphene layer acts as a protective layer against oxidation of the copper film, oxidation of the underlying Cu film near graphene grain boundary lines is observed by optical microscopy. This observation could be attributed to the selective diffusion of oxygen radicals through isolated defects and graphene grain boundaries. The process involves no appreciable oxidation of the graphene layer including the graphene grain boundary, as confirmed by use of detailed Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Strong Visible‐Light Absorption and Hot‐Carrier Injection in TiO2/SrRuO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Lee Sungki , Apgar Brent A. , Martin Lane W.
Published: April 2013

Correlated electron oxides prove a diverse landscape of exotic materials' phenomena and properties. One example of such a correlated oxide material is strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3) which is known to be a metallic itinerant ferromagnet and for its widespread utility as a conducting electrode in oxide heterostructures. We observe that the complex electronic structure of SrRuO3 is also responsible for unexpected optical properties including high absorption across the visible spectrum (commensurate with a low band gap semiconductor) and remarkably low reflection compared to traditional metals. By coupling this material to a wide band gap semiconductor (TiO2) we demonstrate dramatically enhanced visible light absorption and large photocatalytic activities. The devices function by photo‐excited hot‐carrier injection from the SrRuO3 to the TiO2 and the effect is enhanced in thin films due to electronic structure changes. This observation provides an exciting new approach to the challenge of designing visible‐light photosensitive materials.
Imidazolium‐Substituted Polythiophenes as Efficient Electron Transport Materials Improving Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Kesters Jurgen , Ghoos Toon , Penxten Huguette , Drijkoningen Jeroen , Vangerven Tim , Lyons Dani M. , Verreet Bregt , Aernouts Tom , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Manca Jean , Maes Wouter
Published: April 2013

In the field of polymer solar cells, improving photovoltaic performance has been the main driver over the past decade. To achieve high power conversion efficiencies, a plethora of new photoactive donor polymers and fullerene derivatives have been developed and blended together in bulk heterojunction active layers. Simultaneously, further optimization of the device architecture is also of major importance. In this respect, we report on the use of specific types of electron transport layers to boost the inherent I–V properties of polymer solar cell devices, resulting in a considerable gain in overall photovoltaic output. Imidazolium‐substituted polythiophenes are introduced as appealing electron transport materials, outperforming the currently available analogous conjugated polyelectrolytes, mainly by an increase in short‐circuit current. The molecular weight of the ionic polythiophenes has been identified as a crucial parameter influencing performance.
Variation in Scrotal Color Among Widely Distributed Vervet Monkey Populations (Chlorocebus Aethiops Pygerythrus and Chlorocebus Aethiops Sabaeus)
Authors: CRAMER JENNIFER DANZY , GAETANO TEGAN , GRAY JOSEPH P. , GROBLER PAUL , LORENZ JOSEPH G. , FREIMER NELSON B. , SCHMITT CHRISTOPHER A. , TURNER TRUDY R.
Published: April 2013

Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) exhibit bright blue scrotal skin which may function to mediate social interactions by acting as a socio‐sexual signal. Previous research on scrotal coloration among vervet monkeys was limited to experimental work on captive Ch. a. sabaeus, the least colorful vervet subspecies, and two field studies of the more colorful Ch. a. pygerythrus. In a study of free‐ranging and captive vervet monkeys in South Africa (Ch. pygerythrus), West Africa (Ch. a. sabaeus) and the Caribbean (Ch. a. sabaeus), we examined scrotal color variation across geographically distant subspecies. We provide an exploration of how digital photographs may be used to quantify and analyze blue and green skin coloration by examining the blue–yellow opponency channel and luminance channel as color measures. We found that that at all ages the scrotal color of Ch. a. pygerythrus males was always bluer and darker than that of Ch. a. sabaeus males. Among Ch. a. pygerythrus scrotal color becomes bluer and lightens with increasing age, while the color of Ch. a. sabaeus males also lightens, but becomes less blue with increasing age. We suggest that color variation is related to maturation and may function as an age‐related signal among Ch. a. pygerythrus and Ch. a. sabaeus. We also found color was related to three morphological features among adults. For Ch. a. pygerythrus, higher body weight is associated with more blue color and longer canine length is associated with lighter color. Lighter color was associated with longer body lengths among Ch. a. sabaeus. Future studies focused on color variation within age classes are needed to examine the potential signal content of color in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 75:752–762, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clay distribution and crystalline structure evolution in polyamide 6/montmorillonite composites prepared by activated anionic polymerization
Authors: Dencheva Nadya , Denchev Zlatan
Published: April 2013

Nanostructured polymer composites (NPC) based on polyamide 6 (PA6) are prepared by activated anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AAROP) of mixtures of ε‐caprolactam (ECL) and organically treated montmorillonite (o‐MMT). The polymerization is performed in bulk, at 165°C, i.e., below the melting point of the resulting APA6, the reaction time being in the range of 10–15 min. The o‐MMT content is varied in the 0.5–10% range. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that exfoliated NPC can be produced with clay loads of 0.5–1.0%. Larger clay amounts lead to various degrees of intercalation of the MMT layers. FT‐IR imaging proves that all NPCs contain MMT aggregates with sizes in the 10–20 µm range. The formation of the matrix crystalline structure is followed directly by performing AAROP of an activated ECL/o‐MMT blend in a synchrotron beamline. Irrespective of the o‐MMT type and concentration, it is the α‐PA6 that forms first and in larger amounts. The γ‐PA6 polymorph can be found in predominating amounts only after melting and recrystallization of the already produced polymer matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1228‐1238, 2013
Integrating multiple techniques to identify stock boundaries of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Balmer Brian C. , Wells Randall S. , Schwacke Lori H. , Schwacke John H. , Danielson Barbara , George R. Clay , Lane Suzanne M. , Mclellan William A. , Pabst D. Ann , Sparks Kate , Speakman Todd R. , Townsend Forrest I. , Zolman Eric S.
Published: April 2013

Under US policy, a stock is a group of animals shown to be demographically independent from other such groups. Evidence of demographic delineations for marine mammal stocks is gained primarily through genetic analysis. However, additional techniques play an important role in determining fine‐scale ranging patterns that can be used to define a stock's geographic boundaries. In cases where genetic studies have not yet been performed, movement and ranging pattern data are essential in identifying a targeted geographic region for tissue sampling and genetic studies.

Photo‐identification surveys, vessel‐based radio telemetry, automated radio telemetry systems (ARTS), and satellite‐linked telemetry are sampling techniques that have been used to determine common bottlenose dolphin ranging patterns and provide detailed insight into stock boundaries. The results of near simultaneous use of these sampling techniques are compared using data from a case study of bottlenose dolphins within the estuaries of southern Georgia.

Satellite‐linked and radio telemetry were determined to be useful sampling techniques for identification of short‐term ranging patterns. Satellite‐linked telemetry had the second lowest cost per location ($122) and identified dolphin ranging patterns within and outside of the study area boundaries. Vessel‐based radio telemetry was more costly ($195 per location) and had relatively limited tracking coverage. However, this sampling technique permitted visual observations of animal and tag condition. The combination of vessel‐based radio telemetry and ARTS, which had the lowest cost per location ($34), was an effective method for determining ranging patterns of tagged individuals within and outside of the study area.

Photo‐identification surveys, relative to satellite‐linked and radio telemetry, were not as efficient for determination of targeted individuals’ short‐term ranging patterns and had the highest cost per location of the four sampling techniques ($292). However, photo‐identification is more effective than any other technique for compiling data on large numbers of individuals within a designated study area. Photo‐identification surveys are essential for long‐term monitoring and provide additional insight into dolphin stock structure that cannot be determined through telemetry alone.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.