bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STATE OF PROVIDING INFORMATION SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE MILITARY SPHERE IN A HYBRID WAR
Authors: Zaporozhets Sergiy
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the state of information security of Ukraine in the military sphere in the context of hybrid warfare, analysis of the role and place of information security of the state and the military sphere in conditions of hybrid warfare. The list of the main threats to the information security of the state in the military sphere is established. The recommendations for neutralization of hybrid threats and the organization of counteraction in solving the hybrid war against Ukraine are given: conducting a systematic analysis of the use of the means, forms and methods of information fighting in the military sphere, determining the directions of ensuring information security of the state in this sphere; improvement of legislation on coordination of activities of public authorities and bodies of military administration in solving problems of providing information security; improving the types and means of protection of information in the information and telecommunication networks involved in the management of troops and weapons from unauthorized access; improving the forms and methods of counteracting information and psychological operations aimed at weakening the state’s defense capability; training of specialists in the field of information security in the military sphere.
Establishment of the system of providing information security of the state in the military sphere in the conditions of hybrid war should be carried out in accordance with the following basic principles: high degree of integration of the information system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine into the information security system of the state; the preventive-defensive nature of the activities of information-fighting structures aimed at counteracting the challenges, dangers and threats to the national security of the state in the military sphere in any form of their manifestation; a clear division of information security responsibilities between the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukrain.
It is revealed that one of the main tendencies in the development of the military-political situation in the world is the acceleration of the development of information technologies, increasing the capabilities of states to conduct information-psychological operations and operations in cyberspace, increasing the sensitivity of society to the death of civilians and the loss of military personnel in military configurations.
CZECHIAN GERMANS: THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL SELF-DESTRUCTION (1939–1945)
Authors: Melnyk Viktor
Published: February 2020

Objective of the study: to classify and identify the main causes of the process of political self-destruction of the German ethnic minority in the territory of Czechoslovakia; to propose, substantiate and introduce into scientific circulation the concept of political self-destruction of the German community in the territory of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, which existed under the suzerainty of the Third Reich from March 15, 1939 to May 13, 1945.
Methodology: Therefore, the journalistic and literary works of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were analyzed, as well as legal documents and diplomatic protocols adopted following the Yalta Conference (February 4 — F ebruary 11, 1945), the Potsdam Conference (July 17 — August 2, 1945). With the help of the traditional complex of historical and legal methods (text study, comparative analysis, legal analogy), were analyzed the content and external forms of legal succession of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in relation to the First Czechoslovak Republic (October 28, 1918 — September 30, 1938) and the Second Czechoslovak Republic (September 30, 1938 — March 15, 1939). Structural and functional method allowed to isolate the main reasons for the successful cultural and socio-economic coexistence of Germans and Czechs in the territory of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under the auspices of the Third Reich in 1939–1945. The socio-psychological approach, in turn, determined the political-political characterization of the rise of interethnic hostility of the Czechs to the Germans. The article argues that the cause of the massacres of Germans by Czech fighters (actions with clear signs of genocide) during 1945–1950 was the transfer of the so-called «guilt for Soviet occupation» by the Czech collective consciousness to the Germans. With the help of English and Soviet propaganda, a negative image of the Germans in the mass media was simultaneously formed.
Results and conclusions: The history of the Czechoslovak Republic of 1918–1939 is a prime example of the confrontation between spatial and ethno-linguistic political ideologues. On the one hand, there were Sudeten and Bohemian Germans, supported by the strong movement of the Nazis. On the other hand, the concept of Central European Slavic integration, known as «Czechoslovakism». The struggle between these two ideologues often falls out of sight of contemporary political scientists (political scientists) and historians. This article does not fill the gap, but aims to demonstrate the Czech-German ethno-political conflict of the mid-twentieth century in the form of a logical sequence of events that led to the collapse of both Pan-Germanism and Czechoslovakism. The bloody war between the Slavs and the Germans in the center of Europe ended with the victory of «third power» — ideology of communism.
DANIEL BELL ABOUT THE «FLUIDITY» OF AUTHORITIES IN THE AGE OF POSTINDUSTRIALISM
Authors: Sashchuk Hanna
Published: February 2020

The article analyze the position of one of the most respected researchers of post-industrialism, Daniel Bell, on the impact of new information technologies on “politics-power” relations. The following two features of the influence of information and knowledge on the political sphere of public life are clarified: “Situs as Political Units» and «Rightful Meritocracy.” According to D. Bell, there are three analyzed current models of power: 1) the previous model of power, which is based on property, and besides it is inherited; 2) a model of government, the basis of which is knowledge acquired through education; and 3) a model of power, the source of which is a political office obtained through an organizational apparatus. The concept of the rightful meritocracy of D. Bell was analyzed, it’s meaning in the idea that the power belong to the most gifted. He believed that a capitalist society іs gradually transforming into a society in which gifted people will be promoted to senior positions, including political. He defined a certain “merit formula”: “Intelligence + Achievements = Merit”. D. Bell argued, that people with such merits should take up leadership positions in politics, business, science and other activities. In post-industrial society, the principle of “achievement” is relevant, there is a thought, that power is achieved through the personal virtues of the people, their high level of education and skills. In such society, there are almost no senior positions available to people without qualifications. In conclusion, we can say that the politician, from the point of view of D. Bell, is a highly skilled specialist which have the necessary management skills. Post-industrial society implies the emergence of a new intellectual class, whose representatives can at political level act as consultants, experts or technocrats.
READING TEACHING WITH THE HELP OF SOUND GESTURES FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH MENTAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS
Authors: Petrova Daina
Published: February 2020

The native language, its skills, understanding and sense are important to every member of society, it puts thinking, communicating, and text creating into order, and it indicates to educatedness. Literacy as a key skill in everyday life is essential for acquiring and implementing the nowadays’ life skills.There are situations where pupils have not yet acquired reading skills for several years, and the issue becomes topical on how to teach to read in their age and form group, and at different levels of psychological development. One of the options is to start intensive reading learning with the help of sound gestures, where each sound or letter is represented by a gesture. This approach allows pupils starting to read and understand what they read.The purpose of the study is to research the literature on reading learning possibilities and to develop didactic materials for reading teaching with the help of sound gestures for the primary school children with mental development disorders.Study methods: literature analysis, document study, observations, questionnaire, data collection and statistical processing.Based on theoretical knowledge and analysis of literature, the author of the paper has developed didactic materials for reading teaching with the help of the sound gestures for the primary school children with mental development disabilities. Taking into account the principles of special pedagogy and speech therapy, the process of reading teaching with the help of sound gestures focuses on the difficulty levels during reading, deliberate avoidance of difficulties.The research includes the seven primary school children with mental development disorders and three teachers from the mentioned school, 30 respondents from different educational institutions.At the conclusion of the research, evaluating the effectiveness of the didactic material developed, it was concluded that it is possible to contribute to reading teaching through sound gestures for the primary school age children with mental development disorders.
WORK OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGUE IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT TO DEVELOP SOCIAL SKILLS OF TEANAGERS
Authors: Kraģe Indra
Published: February 2020

In the research “Work of social pedagogue in school environment to develop social skills of teenagers”, the author focuses on the need for the development of teenagers' social skills in the modern era of digitalization and information technology. Social skills of teenagers today are underdeveloped. The aim of the thesis is to explore different authors’ research on teenagers’ biopsychosocial development – physical development, the nature and the social psyche, and analyse socialization of teenagers in the school environment. Theoretical and practical methods such as team work, group work and social pedagogical observation are used. Teamwork model and a programme for development of teenagers’ social skills has been described.
THE PROVISION OF SUPPORT IN STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS: TEACHER REFLECTION ON THEIR PRACTICE
Authors: Prudnikova Ilga
Published: February 2020

Latvia is currently moving towards a competency-based approach to the curriculum, with the resultant need to update teacher professional competencies. A survey conducted by the project School 2030 in the second half of 2018 highlights the need for more personalised support to teaching/learning for each and every student. The teacher's capacity, therefore, to plan, prepare and lead the learning process is important.The question then arises: how to best support learning and effectively increase achievement for those learners with special needs. For the realisation of an inclusive approach to education, the teacher needs knowledge and understanding of the diverse needs of students, which need to be considered as part of the educational process.The aim of the study: to provide insight into diverse effective approaches to the education of students with special needs in inclusive settings.The research methods selected reflect the purpose of the study: analysis of regulatory documents, analysis of the scientific literature and teacher reflection on their practice.The main conclusion is that the provision of day-to-day support by competent teachers, as well as support at the educational institution level, results in students with special needs participating, being engaged, collaborating and achieving equally with the peers.This can only be achieved through the purposeful investment of hard and persistent work, utilising flexible learning opportunities and collaboration.
ENDURANCE OF RATS WITH DISBIOZ IN EMOTIONAL-PHYSICAL STRESS
Authors: Safonova A F , Krylova I B , Shemerovsky K A
Published: February 2020

Stress loads in sport lead to the development of functional disorders of various body systems, including the digestive system. The use of pharmacological preparations for correction of dysbiotic states is very often. The aim of this work was to study the physical endurance of rats with dysbiosis with decreased and increased intestinal circadian rhythm (ICR) under conditions of emotional-physical stress. Dysbiosis with a decreased ICR was caused by the administration of loperamide (LPR) 2 mg/2 ml of physiological saline daily subcutaneously for 6 days. Dysbiosis with increased ICR was caused by the addition of lactitol (LT) 10 g to 200 ml of drinking water daily for 6 days. To model emotional-physical stress, a forced swimming test until exhaustion (drowning) with a load of 7% of the animal’s body weight and a water temperature of 14 °C was used. In the control group, the life span of rats was 136 ± 8 s. LPR increased the physical endurance of rats by 1.94 times compared with control. LT also had a positive effect, increasing the duration of forced swimming in 1.44 times compared with the control. The combined use of LPR and LT did not lead to a change in animal’s endurance. Thus, both types of dysbiosis can be considered as a variant of endogenous stress, which plays the role of adaptogenic factor that increases resistance to a stronger emotional-physical stress, leading to the increase in physical endurance of animals.
EFFECTS OF INTRANASAL BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN ADMINISTRATION ON EXPRESSION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN IN PERIPHERAL STRUCTURES OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM
Authors: Sergeyeva T N , Sergeyeva K S
Published: February 2020

The involvement of olfactory dysfunction led to the proposal of ‘the olfactory vector hypothesis’ to explain both olfactory losses and the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) as a result of the transit of an environmental virus or chemical agent that enters the central nervous system (CNS) via the nose, activating the glial response of the brain that may lead to dopamine neuronal damage. Previously created chronic, progressive a mouse model of PD by intranasal instillation of a LPS displayed several key features of early-stage PD: a progressive hypokinesia, selective loss of dopamine neurons, a reduction in striatal dopamine content, and α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation and aggregation in the substance nigra. Other PD model based on nasal inoculation with α-syn aggregates also expressed parkinsonian-like behavioral and immunological features.We suggested that intranasal administration of LPS might cause an increase in expression and misfolding of a-syn in olfactory receptor cells that are projected into olfactory bulbs. We observed an increase in the expression of the native and phosphorylated forms of immunoreactive a-syn in olfactory cells, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulbs where, in addition, activated glial cells were observed. The findings suggest that bacterial antigens can cause parkinsonian-like features both by inducing a glial neuroinflammatory response and by increasing the production of phosphorylated a-syn in peripheral structures of the olfactory system.
IMPACT OF RONCOLEUKIN (RIL-2) ON THE LYMPHOCYTE-TRIGGERING ACTIVITY OF MACROPHAGES AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN VARIOUSLY AGED RATS
Authors: Shanin S N , Serebryanaya N B , Filatenkova T A , Fomicheva E E
Published: February 2020

IL-1β is involved in both brain damage process and the mechanisms of brain regeneration processes. The goal of the present research is to measure the change in the production of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) after experimental traumatic injury (TBI) in variously aged rats and evaluate the possibility to correct LAF production with roncoleukin (rIL-2). LAF activity in the supernatants of peritoneal macrophages of injured rats was measured by its ability to have comitogenic effect on the proliferation of rat thymocytes stimulated by suboptimal lectin doses. LAF stimulation index was defined as ratio of stimulated to unstimulated levels of LTF. Results and discussion. The strongest suppression of microphages’ cytokine-producing function was found in older rats after TBI. rIL-2 injection significantly reversed the injuries caused by TBI even in older rats. These data confirm that exogenic IL-2 is able to activate the functional characteristics of innate immunity cells and that is has a normalizing effect on the immune cells of the older animals.
THE LATENT OF RHINOSINUSITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF NEURO-IMMUNE INTERACTIONS
Authors: Stagniyeva I V , Stateshnaya P A
Published: February 2020

Purpose: to determine the role of a pain symptom in the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis on the background of immune deficiency. 240 patients with rhinosinusitis without pain symptom were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - patients with acute viral rhinosinusitis (AVRS), group 2 - patients with acute bacterial sinusitis (ABRS), group 3 (n = 32) - control. All patients underwent a complete otorhinolaryngological examination, assessment of the pain symptom, an immunogram, the level of SP in the blood serum. At SP > 100 pg/ml in group 1, the change in indicators was typical for viral infection, in group 2, for bacterial infection. With an SP < 100 pg/ml, the cytokine balance is predominantly biased towards anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the direction of differentiation of Th-1/Th-2 lymphocytes towards the Th-2 pathway, which is manifested by immune deficiency, which leads to severe or prolonged course of the disease, which may indicate impaired neuro-immune interactions.
SEROTONIN LEVEL IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND THE BRAIN’S BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE 15-17 YEARS
Authors: Krivonogova E V , Poskotinova L V , Demin D B , Stavinskaya O A
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the features of the organization of the bioelectrical activity of the brain with different levels of serotonin in the serum of peripheral blood in young people 15-17 years old. The study involved 93 healthy girls and boys (15-17 years) of the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets autonomous okrug. A serotonin level is determined in serum by enzyme immunoassay using a set of “Serotonin ELISA”. The electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (PS) in the alpha, beta and theta frequencies ranges was recorded using an electroencephalograph “Encephalan” (Medicom, Taganrog). Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns is associated with the level of serotonin in peripheral blood in adolescents. On the background of a higher level of serotonin in the blood, compared to girls, boys have localized associations of theta and beta1 activity of EEG and serotonin levels, mainly in the right frontal-temporal region. In girls, the spectral power level of the EEG theta activity is more dependent on the level of serotonin in the blood, and a greater number of brain areas are involved in correlation interactions in comparison with young men (temporal regions on the left and frontal, central, parietal regions of both hemispheres of the brain).
IMMUNE RESPONS OF CYTOKINES IN DIFFERENT COURSE OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Skripchenko N V , Ivanova G P , Skripchenko E Yu , Zheleznikova G F
Published: February 2020

105 children aged 1-17 years with viral encephalitis (EF) were examined. Determined cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-α and IFN-γ) in serum and CSF. In acute course (n = 50) dominated (74%) Th1 type of immune response (IR) with a high average IFN-γ in the blood and CSF and IFN-γ / IL-4 = 8.3 and 11.9. With a prolonged flow (n = 25) - Th2 with indices IFN-γ / IL-4 = 0.75 and 0.79. In chronic (n = 30) - suppressive type of IR, in which the blood cytokines did not exceed the norm, and CSF were lower than in acute and prolonged course. Cytokines in acute and prolonged course of EF were higher in serum, and in chronic ~ 1.3-1.7 times higher in CSF than in blood, indicating their intrathecal synthesis in the long-term course of neu-roinfection. Types of IR and the intensity of cytokine synthesis were interrelated with the nature of the course of EF in children and the severity of infectious and cerebral symptoms.
REGULATION OF MICROCIRCULATION DURING REMODELING OF SKIN SCAR UNDER INFLUENCE OF LASER
Authors: Astakhova M I , Golovneva E S , Astakhova L V , Astakhov I A , Ignatieva E N
Published: February 2020

An experimental study was fulfilled on 15 laboratory mail rats. After normotrophic skin scar modeling, the scar tissue was once exposed to high-intensive red, near or far infrared laser in comparable modes. Microcirculation parameters were assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry. It was found that the nature of microcirculation response to high-intensive laser irradiation substantially depended on the laser wavelength and its penetrating depth. Laser resurfacing of the skin scar with CO2 laser in early period led to blood stasis in the vessels and decrease in the vascular wall tone against the background of sympathetic influence increase. The red and near-infrared lasers caused the increased arterial blood inflow and venular outflow, with local regulation by myogenic tone prevailing.
THE EFFECT OF THYMOSIN β4 ON THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE IMMUNE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Authors: Ivanova V P
Published: February 2020

The data on properties of thymosin β4, a conserved multifunctional polypeptide of mammals is summarized. Attention has been focused on regulatory activity of thymosin β4 in regard to immune and nervous system components. In these systems thymosin β4 is present in different cell types both stationary and mobile ones. Besides intracellular localization thymosin β4 is also located in extracellular fluids. Inside cells, thymosin β4 has been postulated to regulate actin polymerization as a G-actin-sequestering molecule. But molecular mechanisms of thymosin β4 located extra cells on cell functions remain unclear. The structural-functional organization of thymosin β4 is also discussed. Thymosin β4 is a perspective medicine preparation for the therapy of diseases related to immune and neurological disturbances in patients.
THE EFFECT OF KE PEPTIDE ON THE TELOMERE LENGTH OF PHA-STIMULATED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Khavinson V Kh , Linkova N S , Pendina A A , Efimova O A , Koltsova A S , Krapivin M I , Tikhonov A V , Petrova L I , Petrovskaia-Kaminskaia A V , Baranov V S
Published: February 2020

The goal of the research is to study the effect of KE peptide on telomere length of PHA-stimulated blood lymphocytes of young and middle-aged men. 11 blood lymphocyte samples were enrolled in the analysis. Relative telomere length was measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA-probes specific to telomere sequences of human chromosomes. 5 cases of significant telomere length alteration were registered. These changes were more frequent registered in middle-aged people: 4 invents cases versus 1. KE peptide increased telomere length in blood lymphocytes of middle-aged people if it was basically low and, vice versa, decreased the basically high telomere length.
CYTOKINES AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN CONTEXT OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Filippova Yu Yu , Kholodilina M E , Burmistrova A L
Published: February 2020

The aim is to assess the levels of certain cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β и IL-10, and BDNF in the blood plasma of the elderly, depending on degree of cognitive impairment. 65 elderly with (vascular dementia) or without cognitive impairment were enrolled in the study. The level of cytokines and BDNF were measured in plasma by ELISA. It was found that, regardless of the degree of cognitive impairment, the condition of systemic chronic low-grade inflammation is characteristic of the elderly. Against this background, plasma levels of BDNF were increased in elderly with vascular dementia, reaching statistical significance compared with healthy individuals. Such changes in the level of BDNF may reflect a compensatory repair mechanism in neurodegeneration or be associated with a defective axonal transport or utilization of BDNF in the central nervous system paralleled by increased serum concentrations.
CORRECTION OF STRESS-INDUCED HORMONAL CHANGES BY THE RIL-2 MEDICATION IN EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Fomicheva E E , Shanin S N , Filatenkova T A , Serebryanaya N B
Published: February 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to steady stress reaction that may substantially influence on posttraumatic period. Stress changes concentration of sex hormones too, that play role of neurosteroids in CNS. The aim of the study was to detect changes in corticosterone and testosterone concentration in serum of experimental animals during recovery period after TBI. And also to find possibility of disturbance correction by cytokine preparation rIL-2 (ronkoleukin). After TBI both experimental and control group of animals get daily injections of recombinant human interleukin-2. TBI decreased the level of corticosterone on 30%, the injection of rIL-2 increased it. Testosterone slightly changed after TBI. But it’s level increased when after TBI the injections of rIL-2 were done. The obtained results can be considered as evidence of the stress reaction normalization in animals after TBI and under the conditions of their treatment with rIL-2.
PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION BY PHENAZEPAM OF DISORDERS IN INTERACTION OF NERVOUS AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS DURING PREDATOR STRESS IN DANIO RERIO
Authors: Kosyakova G P , Blazhenko A A , Lebedev A A
Published: February 2020

The behavior of Dario rerio fish under stress control (mental trauma modeling) and with the axiolytic drug phenazepam was studied. With the drug phenazepam - tranquilizer fish calm down and float to the top of the aquarium. Typically, this fish was used in research in the field of molecular genetics and developmental biology, but recently it has become attractive in the work on the creation of new drugs and the modeling of various physiological and pathological processes. Danio rerio is a model organism in developmental biology. Most human genes have homologs in zebra fish (70%-80%), and functional kinase domains have 100% identity. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis corresponds to that in humans. The aim of our work is to determine the neuropeptides in the brain of Danio rerio after stress effects and the use of phenazepam.
ANTIAPOPTOSIS ACTIVITY OF PLANT POLYPRENYLPHOSPHATE AGAINST MACROPHAGE TARGET CELLS INFECTED WITH THE MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
Authors: Kozhevnikova T N , Sanin A V , Ozherelkov S V
Published: February 2020

Antiapoptosis activity of plant polyprenylphosphate against macrophage target cells infected with the murine encephalomyelitis virus. Infection caused by the Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is regarded as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, since both of these diseases are characterized by similar pathology of the central nervous system tissues and involvement of the immune system in the development of the demielinization. The aim of the work was to study the effect of plant-derived polyprenylphosphate (PP) on the apoptosis of infected target cells. We showed that PP reduced apoptosis of macrophage target cells infected with TMEV. It is known that in the protocol of multiple sclerosis treatment some medicines possessing immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity are used. Since PPs of plant origin also have all these activities, the prospects of their use as therapeutic agents are discussed.
THE EFFECTS OF ALLOFERON (ALLOKIN) IN THE THERAPY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME (A PILOT STUDY)
Authors: Didkovsky N A , Malashenkova I K , Abakumova J V , Ogurtsov D P , Krynskiy S A , Hailov N A , Chekulaeva E I , Mamoshina M V
Published: February 2020

The aim of this work was to study the influence of treatment with alloferon (allocin) in combination with pyrogenal and cytokine therapy on the parameters of immunity, systemic inflammation, levels of herpesvirus replication and biochemical profile of patients with metabolic syndrome to search for new approaches to the treatment of the early stages of the disease. Markers of systemic inflammation and immunity, including key cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations, were investigated. It was found that 1 month after the start of the study in patients receiving only allokin, there were signs of activation of humoral immunity. In patients receiving complex therapy, there were signs of activation of the cell-mediated mechanisms of adaptive immunity. These changes persisted after 6 months and were not accompanied by signs of systemic inflammation when evaluated at 1 and 6 months. The results of further observation showed that in patients receiving complex therapy, there were positive changes in lipid profile, which were the most prominent at the end of the study. Thus, in this study it was shown that in patients with metabolic syndrome complex immunomodulatory therapy, including allokin, pirogenal, ingaron and Roncoleukin, led to the activation of the cellular link of adaptive immunity, without causing a long-term increase in the level of markers of systemic inflammatory response. During long term observation the patients had positive dynamics of the main markers of the lipid profile, and a reduce in the level of serum markers of systemic inflammation. These delayed effects can apparently be associated with immunomodulatory effects of therapy, including the possible activation of regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp+ cells, which, according to the literature, have a protective effect in obesity, reducing insulin resistance.
BLOOD RAT CYTOKINES IN EXPERIMENTAL PROSTATITIS AND AFTER THE ACTION OF IMMUNOMODULATORS
Authors: Mokrenko E V , Shabanov P D
Published: February 2020

Experimental prostatitis in rats was reproduced by administering a 0.05% formaldehyde solution of 0.01 ml on the background of benign prostatic hyperplasia, which was simulated by chronic administration of sulpiride 40 mg/kg for 30 days. From the 26th to the 30th day of the course administration of sulpiride, one of the immunomodulators was injected into the animals: polyoxidonium 0.75 mg/kg, trekrezan 25 mg/kg or metaprot 25 mg/kg. Control rats received saline in an equivalent volume (0.2 ml). The volume of the prostate gland of rats under the influence of sulpiride increased 2.5 times, and after the introduction of formaldehyde into the gland - even more than 3 times. Experimental prostatitis was accompanied by a decrease (by 30-39%) in the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), the immunoregulator IL-2, and IL-12 (p70), the level of interferon-γ has not changed. The pool of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased (IL-1β and IL-17 - by 33% and 75%, respectively, TNFα, IL-6, and MCP-1 chemokine - by more than 2-3 times). Against this background, the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 increased by more than 4 times. A course of administration (5 days) of immunomodulators, polyoxidonium, trekrezan or metaprot reduced the volume of the prostate gland by 28-44% and optimized blood levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-13 and chemokine. The level of pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-12, INFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) has become much higher. The limitation of the cytotoxic effect of IL-6, one of the leading inflammatory mediators, is noted. The effectiveness of immunomodulators was as follows: polyoxidonium > trekrezan > metaprot (in descending order of activity). Apparently, the restoration of the immunoregulatory function of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and the restriction of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is one of the sanogenetic mechanisms of the complex adaptive action of the studied drugs.
Neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines in the mother-placenta-fetus system in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Milyutina Yu P , Shcherbitskaia A D , Zalozniaia I V , Kerkeshko G O , Arutjunyan A V
Published: February 2020

An essential aspect of metabolic imbalance of L-homocysteine and its accumulation in blood (hyperhomocysteinemia) is its aggravating effect in pregnancy. However, little is known about the effects of maternal increased L-homocysteine levels on brain development of fetuses. In the development of the fetus, accompanied by changes in metabolism in the placenta, an important role belongs to neurotrophic factors and apoptosis. This study investigated the effects of chronic L-methionine administration on some parameters of inflammation and on neurotrophic factor levels in the brain of embryos, as well as in the placenta and serum of pregnant rats. The observed disturbances can be resulted from both a direct impact of L-homocysteine and its metabolites on the fetal CNS, and hyperhomocysteinemia-caused changes in normal state of the placenta.
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR AND S100B IN BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AS INDICATORS OF THE SEVERITY OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Pivovarova L P , Voznyuk I A , Osipova I V , Gogoleva E A
Published: February 2020

Aim. To determine the relationship between the content of nerve growth factor (NGF) and S100b with the clinical manifestations of acute ischemic stroke (IS). Material and methods. A total of 17 patients with IS, age 68.5 (67; 78.5) years were examined; comparison group: 15 volunteers, age 65.0 (62.0; 66.5) years. The patients’ condition was assessed by the size of the brain lesion, the NIHSS and mRS, somatic status. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NGF, S100b, IL6, plasma D-dimer (ELISA) were determined at 1, 3, 10 days after IS. Results. We found NGF decreased in a serum of patients IS with a fatal outcome in 1-10 days. The dependency of serum (r = -0.300, p < 0.05) and CSF (r = -0.271, p < 0.05) NGF with the size of the lesion and patients somatic status (r = -0.322, p < 0.05) was discovered. The concentration of S100b increased from 3 days in deceased patients in the CSF and blood. The S100b correlated with the outcome of the disease (r = 0.650, p < 0.01), NIHSS (r = 0.651, p < 0.01), mRS (r = 0.451, p < 0.05). NGF and S100b levels were associated with the increasing of plasma D-dimer and CSF IL-6. Thus the NGF and S100b reflect the brain damage severity and the patients’ condition in the acute IS and associates with inflammation activity.
PROTEASOME MECHANISMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE TO ALLOGRAFT IN WISTAR AND AUGUST RATS WITH DIFFERENT CONTENT OF MONOAMINES IN THE BRAIN
Authors: Astakhova T M , Karpova Ya D , Bozhok G A , Alabedal’karim N M , Lyupina Yu V , Legach E I , Sharova N P
Published: February 2020

The aim of the work was to compare proteasome mechanisms of the development of donor-specific tolerance (DST) to ovarian allograft in outbred Wistar rats and inbred August rats with the increased level of monoamines and stress limiting systems in the brain. In spite of DST induction in all animals, engraftment was more effective in Wistar rats. In the liver of all rats with survived allograft, the level of proteasome immune subunt LMP2, evaluated by Western blotting, was significantly higher than in control false-operated rats. This difference was more pronounced in Wistar rats. Besides, in the liver of all rats with survived allografts, the level of proteasome PA28αβ activator was higher than in control. In conclusion, the development of DST is connected with the enrichment of liver proteasome pool by immune forms containing LMP2 subunit and PA28αβ activator. This process is partially suppressed in August rats under stress conditions of the central nervous system.
THE CONDITION OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHROSIS BEFORE AND AFTER ENDOPROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION
Authors: Belova S V , Gladkova E V , Ulyanov V Yu , Zubavlenko R A , Blinnikova V V
Published: February 2020

Impairments of immune system are an important mechanism of the degenerative dystrophic processes in the arthral tissues onset and development.The objective of this research was to study the cellular immunity condition in patients with osteoarthrosis before and after endoprosthesis implantation. The research methods included immunophenotyping of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The immunologic impairments before the surgery referred to change in T-cell immunity reflecting in the imbalance of immunoregulatory subpopulations (decrease of T-suppressor level and increase of T-helper content). At that the number of NK-cells rose which didn’t exclude a possible connection with the cartilage tissue degradation impurities on the background of B-cell number decrease. During the post-surgery period the decrease in T-helper and T-suppressor numbers was detected which may be related to their migration to implantation area due to the decrease of their number in the systemic circulation, at that no significant changes in T-lymphocytes were observed. By contrast, there was a decrease of NK-cell number at higher level of B-cell number showing an adequate response of the bodies for surgery aggression. The results of immunological research are worth being taken into account when preparing patients for endoprosthesis implantation surgery for the purpose of prescribing the immune-correcting drugs for pre-existing impairments of cellular immunity as well as in the post-surgery period to relieve the effects of surgical interference aggravating the impairments in this population of patients.
Features of changes in the immune status and bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with asthma
Authors: Borukaeva I Kh , Abazova Z Kh
Published: February 2020

Bronchial asthma is a classic, antigen-specific disease, the formation of which is crucial reagin-dependent type of allergic reaction. However, the interaction of changes in the immune status and bioelectrical activity of the brain in patients with bronchial asthma is currently insufficiently covered. The paper analyzes the interdependence between changes in the immunological reactivity and bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with bronchial asthma. Changes in the immune state during bronchial asthma led to the development of hypoxia, which had a significant impact on the bioelectric potentials of the brain, manifested in the predominance of the alpha rhythm, left hemispheric dominance of alpha power in the anterior temporal leads.
SOLUBLE FORMS OF IMMUNE CHECK-POINT RECEPTOR PD-1 AND ITS LIGAND PD-L1 IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF ONCOLOGIC PATIENTS: CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC CORRELATIONS
Authors: Alferov A A , Gershtein E S , Naberezhnov D S , Goryatcheva I O , Kushlinskii N E
Published: February 2020

The levels proteins of control points of immunity sPD-1, sPD-L1 in serum or plasma of 366 patients with malignant tumors of various nosological forms treated at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. A correlation of sPD-L1 with the prevalence of the process and the degree of tumor malignancy, as well as a positive correlation with some other tumor markers of blood, was found: VEGF, VEGFR1, MMP-7, MMP-8, TIMP-1.
IMMUNOLOGICAL CELULLAR-MOLECULAR MARKERS OF THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF А53Т MICE WITH GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Idova G , Alperina E , Zhanaeva S , Gevorgyan M , Tihonova M
Published: February 2020

The present experimental study aimed to find the most informative peripheral cellular-molecular immune markers, which can determine a risk of the development of Parkinson’s disease. The experiments were performed in transgenic mice of the A53T strain (2 months) characterized by an increased expression of alpha synuclein and genetically predisposed to Parkinson’s disease during aging. In comparison with the WT strain mice (control), A53T mice were found to have a reduced emotionality (increased horizontal motor activity and a significant decrease in defecation acts in the open field test) along with unchanged coordination and balance, tested using the Rotarod + hardware-software complex. These mice were also characterized by significant changes in the content of immune cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood - an increase in the percentage of CD3+T cells and CD3+4+T helper cells, a decrease in the content of CD19+B cells, with unaltered numbers of CD3+4+25+ 27-regulatory, CD19+25+B-regulatory cells and CD11b+115+monocytes. The percentage of T-regulatory cells expressing Toll-like receptors of the 2nd and 4th types (TLR2 and TLR4) was higher in A53T mice than in controls, while the number of cells expressing only TLR4 was reduced. The TLR2 expression did not differ between A53T and control mice. Analysis of the TLR2 and TLR4 expression on CD11b+115+monocytes has shown that the percentage of these cells with TLR4 was reduced in A53T mice compared to the control, while the content of cells with both TLR types did not depend on genotype. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) prevailed over antiinflammatory (IL-10) in the supernatant of mononuclear blood cells of A53T mice suggesting the development of neuroinflammation.The study was supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant N18-015-00226 А).
GAMBARAN STATUS KARIES GIGI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR KOTA MALANG
Authors: Gayatri Rara Warih , Mardianto Mardianto
Published: February 2020

Abstract: This study aims to describe the caries status of primary school children in the city of Malang. The method used is descriptive method with cross-sectional design and was conducted in two elementary schools, SDN Kauman 2 and SDN Percobaan 2 Malang. The sampling method used is random sampling with the variable being measured is characteristic of primary school children by age, gender and DMF-T index. Techniques of data collection used are interviews and observations. The observation aims to conduct dental examinations using diagnostic tools 2 pieces of glass mouth. The data analysis is done by counting the total number of DMF-T each of the research subjects and the mean DMF-T of whole sample. Conclusion of the data results was analyzed using DMF-T index according to the WHO. The result of this study is DMF-T index of primary school children in the city of Malang is 5.75. The conclusion of this study is the prevalence of dental caries in elementary school in Malang city students is high. The need for policy improvements related to ease of access to obtain the services of dental and oral health care facilities for primary school children. Besides, the need for oral health program of comprehensive primary school with good coordination of related partnership. Further research on dental caries and risk factors is necessary.Keywords: caries, DMF-T, elementary school childrenAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status karies anak sekolah dasar di Kota Malang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dan dilakukan di 2 SD yaitu SDN Kauman 2 Malang dan SD Percobaan 2 Malang. Metode sampling yang digunakan merupakan metode random sampling dengan variable yang diukur adalah karakteristik anak sekolah dasar berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin serta indeks DMF-T. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi dengan melakukan pemeriksaan gigi menggunakan alat bantu diagnostic 2 buah kaca mulut. Analisa data dilakukan dengan cara menghitung jumlah total DMF-T masing-masing subyek penelitian dan rerata DMF-T seluruh sampel. Kesimpulan hasil analisa data disesuaikan dengan pengukuran indeks DMF-T menurut WHO. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah indeks DMF-T anak sekolah dasar di Kota Malang adalah 5,75. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah prevalensi karies gigi siswa sekolah dasar kota malang adalah tinggi. Perlu adanya perbaikan kebijakan terkait kemudahan akses memperoleh layanan fasilitas kesehatan gigi dan mulut bagi anak sekolah dasar. Selain itu perlu adanya program kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang komprehensif di sekolah dasar disertai koordinasi yang baik dari pihak terkait. Penelitian lanjutan mengenai karies gigi dan faktor resikonya sangat diperlukan untuk perbaikan penelitian ini.Kata kunci: karies, DMF-T, anak sekolah dasar
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN GIGI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KAUMAN 2 MALANG
Authors: Gayatri Rara Warih , Ariwinanti Desi
Published: February 2020

Abstract : The problem of dental caries remains a problem globally. More than 90% of the world population have experienced dental caries. According to Gayatri (2015), the dental caries status among school-aged children in SDN Kauman 2 Malang shown the score of DMF-T index 5.75 and was considered high. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of dental health knowledge among school-aged children in SDN Kauman 2 Malang. This was a cross-sectional quantitative descriptive research. The sampling method used stratified random sampling and the measured variable was the level of dental health knowledge. Data collection technique used a questionnaire containing a set of questions to children aged 6-12 years. Data processing included editing, coding, scoring, data entry and cleaning. The data was analysed using univariate statistical method. The result of this study shown 82.9% (n = 63) 5-6 grade students of SDN Kauman 2 had a high level of dental health knowledge and 17.1% (n = 13) had a low level of dental health knowledge. In this regard, a good level of dental health knowledge is expected to support the establishment of good dental health behaviour. The recommendation from this study was the need for a further research on a relation between knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental health in students of SDN Kauman 2 Malang.Kata kunci : Knowledge, dental health, school-aged childrenAbstrak : Karies gigi masih menjadi permasalahan dunia. Lebih dari 90% penduduk dunia mengalami karies gigi. Menurut Gayatri (2015) gambaran status karies gigi anak usia sekolah di SDN Kauman 2 Kota Malang menunjukkan nilai indeks DMF-T 5,75 yang berarti prevalensi karies gigi dianggap tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi pada anak SDN Kauman 2 Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional). Metode sampling yang digunakan merupakan metode stratified random sampling dengan variabel yang diukur adalah tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan memberikan seperangkat pertanyaan kepada anak usia 6-12 tahun. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan meliputi proses editing, coding, scoring, data entry dan cleaning. Analisa data dilakukan dengan analisis statistik univariat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 82,9 % (n=63) siswa kelas 5-6 SDN Kauman 2 memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi tinggi dan sebanyak 17,1% (n=13) memilki tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan gigi rendah. Dalam hal ini, tingkat pengetahuan yang baik mengenai kesehatan gigi diharapkan dapat mendukung terbentuknya perilaku kesehatan gigi yang baik pula. Saran dari penelitian ini, perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan mengenai hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku tentang kesehatan gigi pada anak SDN Kauman 2 Malang.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, kesehatan gigi, anak sekolah dasar