bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
51 A novel cross-site analysis of Vectra® Polaris™ multiplex fluorescence PD-1/PD-L1 immunohistochemistry on colorectal cancer with high and low microsatellite instability
Authors: Pollan Sara , Remeniuk Bethany , Hanifi Arezoo , Roman Kristin , Hopkins Bei , Monteiro Natalie , Nunns Harry , Parnell Erinn , William Josette , Au Qingyan
Published: November 2021

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer in the United States with a projected 52,980 deaths in 2021.1 Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRCs with deficiencies in mismatch repair (MMR) are significantly associated with positive response to immunotherapy and improved outcomes when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an effective biomarker of MSI-H status to identify CRC patients who will respond to treatment, however, reproducible quantification of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) across laboratory sites has been under-reported.2–3 In this study, our group directly addressed this issue by interrogating PD-1/PD-L1 cross-site at Akoya Biosciences and NeoGenomics Laboratories by employing the MOTiF™ PD-1/PD-L1 Panel kit along with the Vectra Polaris imaging system.

Methods

Serial sections from 40 CRC samples with known MSI status were stained at Akoya and NeoGenomics Laboratories using a modified MOTiF PD-1/PD-L1 Lung Panel Kit on the Leica BOND RX. Sections were scanned using the Vectra Polaris imaging system at both sites. Inter-site staining reproducibility was assessed using image analysis algorithms developed with inForm tissue analysis software. Cell counts and densities were calculated using the R-script package PhenoptrReports and correlations were plotted per marker.

Results

The average signal intensity for all markers/Opal fluorophores was within the recommended ranges of 10–30 normalized counts, with the exception of Polaris 780, which has an advised range of 1–10. This indicates the protocol stained successfully and reproducibly across all serial sections at both sites. Inter-site concordance analysis of cell densities for each marker yielded an average R2 value of ≥0.70. H-Score of PD-L1 quantified at the cell membrane trended with MSI status (stable/high).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the MOTiF PD-1/PD-L1 Panel kit imaged in conjunction with the Vectra Polaris is not only a reliable assay that can be run across different sites, based on the concordant cross-site data, but that re-optimization of the kit allows for the assay panel to be successfully adapted to other cancers, such as CRC, which can then capture biological differences across a multitude of samples.

References

American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

Yi M, Jiao D, Xu H, Liu Q, Zhao W, Han X, et al. Biomarkers for predicting efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2018;17(1):129

Lemery S, Keegan P, Pazdur R. First FDA approval agnostic of cancer site - when a biomarker defines the indication. N Engl J Med 2017;377(15):1409–12.
74 Tumor microenvironment based on PD-L1 and CD8 T-cell infiltration correlated with the response of MSS mCRC patients treated vactosertib in combination with pembrolizumab
Authors: Kim Tae Won , Lee Keun-Wook , Ahn Joong Bae , Park Young Suk , Ock Chan-Young , Park Hyejoo , Ryu Jiyeon , Oh Bitna , Kim Bo-Kyoung , Hwang Sunjin , Hahm Ki Baik , Kim Seong-Jin
Published: November 2021

Background

The expression of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells were reported to have a decisive effect on the immunotherapy response (PMID: 26819449). Microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) shows a limited clinical benefit to immunotherapy alone known to be having an ‘immune-cold’ microenvironment. To understand the basis of the clinical responses to anti-PD-1 and TGF-β inhibitor combination therapy in MSS mCRC, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of survival outcome, whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) data, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) data from a combination treatment of vactosertib and pembrolizumab.

Methods

Clinical outcomes were evaluated by RECIST v1.1 and iRECIST. Tumor tissue biopsy samples for WTS and mIHC were obtained in screening and cycle 2 post-treatment time point. CD274(PD-L1) and CD8A expression cut-off were calculated as a median value in the merged data set of TCGA Pan-cancer and MP-VAC-204 study. Having over median value defined as a high group and under median value as a low group. Tumor immune status by a combination of gene expression (high or low) was classified into four subtypes (1: CD274 high, CD8A high; 2: CD274 low, CD8A low; 3: CD274 high, CD8A low; 4: CD274 low, CD8A high). Tumor tissue slides stained with PD-L1, CD8, and granzyme B (GZB) in tumor nest and stroma.

Results

Among 43 patients whose WTS data are available, thus included in the analysis, 9 patients were responders (7 PRs and 2 iPRs). Subtype 2 showed a major proportion in the MP-VAC-204 CRC patients (1: 14%, 2: 58%, 3: 12%, 4: 16%). Responders were observed in subtype 2 and 4 (24% and 14%, RECIST). The CD8A expression and median overall survival (mOS) showed a significantly positive correlation (**P=0.0028) and there was no significance in the correlation of CD274 and mOS. mOS was significantly longer in high expression of CD8A patients (*P=0.0083, Not reached vs 9.9 months, hazard ratio 8.812 [95% CI 3.19–24.31]). After the combination treatment, CD8 and GZB positive T cells were increased significantly in both tumor nest and stroma.

Conclusions

Our study suggests a high level of CD8 T cells, even in the case of low PD-L1 expression, is significantly correlated with the improved clinical outcomes in MSS mCRC patients treated with vactosertib and pembrolizumab. The increases in CD8 T cells both in tumor nest and stroma after the combined inhibition of PD-1 and TGF-β pathway may contribute to the survival benefit. Further clinical investigations are warranted. (Clinical trial information: NCT03724851)
219 CD47 and phosphatidylserine contribute to the interaction between antigen presenting cells and the allogeneic cell-based relapse vaccine DCP-001
Authors: Zuo Haoxiao , Singh Satwinder Kaur , Lierop Marie-José Van , Kaspers Jorn , Bos Remco , Kamermans Alwin , Vries Helga E de , Gruijl Tanja de , Kruisbeek Ada , Manting Erik , Singh Satwinder Kaur
Published: November 2021

Background

DCP-001 is a cancer relapse vaccine derived from the DCOne® human leukemic cell line. During manufacturing, DCOne® cells are shifted towards a mature dendritic cell (mDC) phenotype, combining an endogenous tumor antigen repertoire (e.g. WT-1, RHAMM and PRAME) with a mDC costimulatory profile and providing the basis for the highly immunogenic vaccine DCP-001. In a phase I clinical study in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), DCP-001 demonstrated to be safe and to induce multifunctional antitumor immune responses.1 It has also been reported that DCP-001 induces antitumor immunity against multiple myeloma cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from multiple myeloma patients and that DCP-001 antigenic material is transferred to host antigen presenting cells (APC), possibly via extracellular vesicles.2 However, the possibility of direct interactions between DCP-001 and host APC has not yet been investigated.

Methods

To further elucidate the mode of action of DCP-001, we studied the interactions of DCP-001 with human PBMC and isolated immature monocyte-derived DCs (iMoDC) in in vitro co-culture studies. A human skin explant model was used to determine uptake of DCP-001 by migrating skin DCs after intradermal injection.

Results

We found that DCP-001 stimulates the secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8 and RANTES) in PBMC. In addition, we demonstrate that DCP-001 is efficiently taken up by iMoDC via direct cell-cell interactions and that this phagocytic process is influenced by ”eat-me” and ”don’t eat me” signaling pathways. Blocking of the ”eat-me” signals calreticulin and phosphatidylserine inhibited the uptake of DCP-001, whereas blockade of the ”don’t eat me” signal CD47 enhanced DCP-001 uptake. After intradermal injection of DCP-001 in an ex-vivo human skin model, its uptake by skin-emigrating DCs was demonstrated as well as simultaneous activation of these DCs.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a key role for host antigen presenting cells in the triggering of immune responses upon DCP-001 vaccination. In addition, the data provide rationale for potential combination therapies based on DCP-001 and inhibitors of the CD47 pathway.

References

van de Loosdrecht AA, et al. A novel allogeneic off-the-shelf dendritic cell vaccine for post-remission treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018;67(10):1505–1518.

Leaf RK, et al. DCOne as an allogeneic cell-based vaccine for multiple myeloma. J Immunother 2017;40(9):315–322.
292 Ex vivo profiling of PD-1 blockade using an organotypic tissue slice model in solid tumors
Authors: Ding Lina , Sullivan Kristin , Zhou Chensheng , Trillo-Tinoco Jimena , Lewin Anne , King Catherine , Nelson David , Chen Benjamin , Bowden Michaela
Published: November 2021

Background

Tumor explant models provide a powerful ex vivo tool to evaluate complex biological mechanisms in a controlled environment. Ex vivo models retain much of the original tumor biology, heterogeneity, and tumor microenvironment, and therefore provide a useful preclinical platform and functional approach to assess drug responses rapidly and directly.

Methods

To explore mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy, we established an organotypic tissue slice Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) ex vivo system utilizing surgical tumor specimens from patients to assess the impact of the clinically utilized anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab (OPDIVO). In the present study, we built a real-world patient cohort comprised of six tumor types: non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer. We assessed tissue morphology, histology, PD-L1 IHC (CPS and TPS), CD8 T cell topology, proliferation in the tumor and stromal compartments, and secretome profiling.

Results

Our tumor slice model highly recapitulated features of the original tumor, including tumor architecture, immune phenotypes, and the prognostic markers. To identify responses to aPD-1 treatment, we compared baseline values for the cultured tumor slices with values at different timepoints post treatment. Secretome profiling of tissue explant supernatants using a panel of 94 analytes, revealed alterations to cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment in response to aPD-1 treatment. We found that soluble expression patterns were associated with T-cell patterns (inflamed, excluded and desert) and PD-L1 score (CPS and TPS) in tumor tissues. These cytokines mediate critical functions across the immune cell cycle. Ongoing efforts to characterize T cell activation, exhaustion, tumor intrinsic responses and microenvironment composition using Imaging Mass Cytometry will be presented.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using fresh, surgically resected human tumors to test aPD-1 responses in an ex vivo system. Further, this model system has the potential to drive discovery and translational efforts by evaluating mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy and evaluate new single agent or combination therapies in the ex vivo setting.
380 GS-3583, a novel FLT3 agonist Fc fusion protein, expands conventional dendritic cells in healthy volunteers
Authors: Rajakumaraswamy Nishanthan , Dauki Anees , Kuhne Michelle , Trowe Torsten , Weng Winnie , Lin Kai-Wen , Elboudjwarej Emon , Carr Brian , Worth Angela , Vashishtha Anshu , Schwabe Christian , Othman Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Background

Conventional dendritic cells subtype 1 (cDC1) play a vital role in the priming and expansion of tumor specific CD8+ T cells and their recruitment to tumor microenvironment (TME). However, cDC1s are often underrepresented in the TME. Systemic administration of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), a hematopoietic growth factor that binds to FLT3 on myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells, leads to expansion of cDC1s in the periphery which can then be recruited into the TME. FLT3 pathway stimulation using GS-3583, a novel FLT3 agonistic Fc fusion protein, has the potential to promote T cell mediated anti-tumor activity. We sought to evaluate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of a single dose of GS-3583 in healthy volunteers alongside its safety. Herein, we present the updated results of the study.

Methods

This was a first-in-human, placebo-controlled study of GS-3583 in healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and PD of escalating single doses (ranging from 75 micrograms to 2000 micrograms) of GS-3583. The study was blinded to the subjects and the investigator. Each dose cohort enrolled 8–12 healthy subjects who received GS-3583 or placebo as single IV infusion at 3:1 ratio. Subjects were observed in the phase 1 unit for 15 days and then for 12 weeks as outpatients. As part of the PD evaluation, we investigated the changes in the number of cDC1 and cDC2 cells.

Results

As of 2nd July 2021, selected safety, PK and PD data from all 4 cohorts were available. GS-3583 was well tolerated and all subjects had been discharged. To date, there have been no serious or grade 3 or higher adverse events. Preliminary PK analysis suggested dose-dependent increase in GS-3583 exposure (AUC and Cmax). Preliminary PD analysis shows that administration of GS-3583 resulted in temporary, dose-dependent increases in cDC1/cDC2 cells that peaked between days 5–11 (higher doses resulted in later peaks) and returned to baseline within 3 weeks of drug administration (table 1, figure 1).

Abstract 380 Table 1

Selected subject characteristics and pharmacodynamic results

Abstract 380 Figure 1

A) Comparison of cDC1 cell quantitative changes in cohorts 1–4; B) Comparison of cDC2 cell quantitative changes in cohorts 1–4

Conclusions

GS-3583 infusion was well tolerated and induced dose dependent expansion of dendritic cells in the periphery in healthy volunteers. In patients with cancer, this increase in dendritic cells can be utilized to enhance anti-tumor therapeutic effects of immuno-oncology therapies.

Acknowledgements

Funding provided by Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Ethics Approval

The study received study site IRB/Ethics Committee approval prior to enrollment of subjects.
Partial traces and the geometry of entanglement: Sufficient conditions for the separability of Gaussian states
Authors: Dias Nuno Costa , de Gosson Maurice , Prata João Nuno
Published: November 2021

The notion of partial trace of a density operator is essential for the understanding of the entanglement and separability properties of quantum states. In this paper, we investigate these notions putting an emphasis on the geometrical properties of the covariance ellipsoids of the reduced states. We thereafter focus on Gaussian states and we give new and easily numerically implementable sufficient conditions for the separability of all Gaussian states. Unlike the positive partial transposition criterion, none of these conditions is however necessary.
Space from entanglement: An information-geometric perspective
Authors: Guo Xiao-Kan
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study the construction of classical geometry from the quantum entanglement structure by using information geometry. In the information geometry of classical spacetime, the Fisher information metric is related to a blurred metric of a classical physical space. We first show that a local information metric can be obtained from the entanglement contour in a local subregion. This local information metric measures the fine structure of entanglement spectra inside the subregion, which suggests a quantum origin of the information-geometric blurred space. We study both the continuous and the classical limits of the quantum-originated blurred space by using the techniques from the statistical sampling algorithms, the sampling theory of spacetime and the projective limit. A scheme for going from a blurred space with quantum features to a classical geometry is also explored.
Dynamic Dipolar Field of Spin Waves in Low-Dimensional Magnetic Systems: The Effects of Translational Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Qiao Shizhu
Published: November 2021

Magnon scatterings affect the performance of magnonic devices directly, and dynamic dipolar field (DDF) is crucial in the scattering potential. In this paper, a theoretical model of the DDF in low-dimensional magnetic systems is present, and simulations give the summation area to achieve good accuracy in the DDF calculation, though the dipolar field is a long-range interaction. Calculation in a finite-size thin film indicates that due to the breaking of translational symmetry, the DDF increases evidently in the borders and the corners. The DDF near the vertex of the thin film is several orders magnitude higher than that in the inside area, making the corners prominent in the magnon scatterings.
Research on Design Optimization of Prefabricated Residential Houses Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Liang Nan , Yu Mengxuan
Published: November 2021

Traditional and conventional methods of architectural and engineering design used for building informational modeling have a number of designs and updating and visualization issues which need to be addressed. In order to improve the design effect of prefabricated residential houses, this study proposes a design optimization method for prefabricated residential houses based on building information modeling (BIM) technology. BIM combines organized, multidisciplinary data to produce a digital representation of an asset across its development, starting from planning and design to building and operations. This study first analyzes the advantages of BIM technology and its applications in architectural design. It is further focused on the design of prefabricated houses, which are based on the optimization theory, modular function, modular design, and modular replacement. These are combined with the monomer architectural form, which is used in prefabricated houses design optimization of the assembly process. Furthermore, the article also focuses on the application of BIM technology in the design optimization of prefabricated residential houses, including the choice of implementation mode, accumulation of experience through the pilot, and the construction of an effective guarantee mechanism.
Multisource Data Fusion Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearings Based on Improved Multiscale CNN
Authors: Jin Yulin , Chen Changzheng , Zhao Siyu
Published: November 2021

Intelligent diagnosis applies deep learning algorithms to mechanical fault diagnosis, which can classify the fault forms of machines or parts efficiently. At present, the intelligent diagnosis of rolling bearings mostly adopts a single‐sensor signal, and multisensor information can provide more comprehensive fault features for the deep learning model to improve the generalization ability. In order to apply multisensor information more effectively, this paper proposes a multiscale convolutional neural network model based on global average pooling. The diagnostic model introduces a multiscale convolution kernel in the feature extraction process, which improves the robustness of the model. Meanwhile, its parallel structure also makes up for the shortcomings of the multichannel input fusion method. In the multiscale fusion process, the global average pooling method is used to replace the way to reshape the feature maps into a one‐dimensional feature vector in the traditional convolutional neural network, which effectively retains the spatial structure of the feature maps. The model proposed in this paper has been verified by the bearing fault data collected by the experimental platform. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can fuse multisensor data effectively. Compared with other data fusion algorithms, the multiscale convolutional neural network model based on global average pooling has shorter training epochs and better fault diagnosis results.
Lentinan Combined with (125)I Brachytherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jiang Qin , Pang Shuai , Xia Yifang , Sun Hongmei , Yu Yingying
Published: November 2021

Objective. To investigate the clinical value of lentinan combined with (125)I brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods. A total of 160 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer admitted at Jiaozhou Central Hospital from June 2009 to October 2015 were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into observation group (80 cases) and control group (80 cases). The control group received chemotherapy. Observation group (80 cases) was treated with lentinan combined with (125)I brachytherapy on the basis of control group, and the efficacy, adverse reactions, and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and quality of life scale (QOL) scores of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results. After treatment, the levels of CA125, CA199, and CA724 in the 2 groups were markedly lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ cells and helper T cells and NK cells in the control group remarkably depleted, while the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ cells, NK cells, and B cells in the observation group increased significantly compared to that before treatment, and the level of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the control group decreased, while that in the observation group showed no conspicuous difference compared with that before chemotherapy (

P
>
0.05

). The effective rate of observation group (85%) was higher than that of control group (75%) (

P
<
0.05

). The overall survival of patients in the control group was (16.2 ± 2.04) months and that of the observation group was (24.8 ± 1.8) months. KPS and QOL scores in both groups were enormously higher than those before treatment, and the observation group was higher than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of hemoglobin reduction, leukopenia, aglobulia, granulocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, hepatorenal toxicity, and neurovirulence in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion. Lentinan combined with (125)I brachytherapy is effective in treating recurrent ovarian cancer, with mild adverse reactions and good tolerance.
[Retracted] Parameters of Porosity and Compressive Strength‐Based Optimization on Reinforced Aluminium from the Recycled Waste Automobile Frames
Authors: Parthiban A. , Vijayan V. , Sathish T. , Dinesh Kumar S. , Ponraj Sankar L. , Parthipan N. , Tafesse Dawit , Tufa Mebratu
Published: November 2021

Automobile industries were ready to recycle the waste old parts as well as the damaged parts of the old vehicles as much as possible. This study mainly focused on the recycling of the waste and damaged aluminium frames of the automobile bodies. These aluminium‐based frames only collected the metal matrix composite created by reinforcement of 3% silicon carbide (SiC) and 3% high carbon steel. The stir casting method is chosen to make the composites. Optimization is done by Taguchi ANOVA technique. Three input parameters such as stir speed, time of squeeze, and the temperature of the preheating were considered. The outputs such as compressive strength and porosity were experimentally measured with the combination of nine (L9) experimental trails. The measured experimental results were analyzed and optimized with the help of Taguchi technique with different plots for clear identification. The optimized parameters based on low porosity and high compressive strength were recommended for conclusion.
A Comparative Study of the Epidemiology of Treponemal Infection in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana: A Five‐Year Multisite Parallel Population‐Based Analysis vis‐à‐vis the Sentinel Survey
Authors: Lokpo Sylvester Yao , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Deku John Gameli , Orish Verner Ndudiri , Kye-Duodu Gideon , Ussher Francis Abeku , Boakye Thomas , Adigbli Daniel , Ameke Louis Selassie , Fianko William Klutse , Adedze-Kpodo Robert , Letsa Henry Komla , Tashie Worlanyo , Gbormittah Noble Selorm , Kpene Godsway Edem , Osei-Yeboah James
Published: November 2021

Treponemal infections can be blood‐borne with great public health consequences. This study is aimed at comparatively describing the five‐year (2013‐2017) regional epidemiology of treponemal infection using pregnant women in the sentinel survey and apparently healthy blood donors as a proxy for the general population at four sentinel sites in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana. We analyzed retrospective data from 17,744 prospective blood donors aged 18 to 58 years and 7,817 pregnant women in a sentinel survey with ages from 15 to 49 years at Hohoe, Ho, Tongu, and Krachi West sentinel sites in the Volta and Oti Regions. Laboratory data extracted include variables such as age, gender, date of blood donation, and Treponema pallidum chromatographic immunoassay results from the blood banks of the four study sites. The five‐year treponemal infection rate among the pregnant women in the sentinel survey and prospective blood donors was 0.79% and 2.38%, respectively. Site‐specific infection rate for population‐based/sentinel survey was 4.6%/1.1%, 2.0%/0.5%, 1.3%/1.1, and 1.2%/0.3% for Hohoe, Ho, Krachi West, and Tongu, respectively. Significant gender disparity in Treponemal infection rate exists with a male preponderance. The regional infection rate in the sentinel survey is lower compared to the general population. Therefore, the use of pregnant women as a proxy for population estimates could underestimate the burden in the study jurisdiction.
Potential of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Maxillofacial and Periodontal Regeneration: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khorasani Hamid Reza , Sanchouli Mahboubeh , Mehrani Javad , Sabour Davood
Published: November 2021

Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are one of the most widely studied postnatal stem cell populations and are considered to utilize more frequently in cell-based therapy and cancer. These types of stem cells can undergo multilineage differentiation including blood cells, cardiac cells, and osteogenic cells differentiation, thus providing an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Despite the ability to reprogram human adult somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in culture which provided a great opportunity and opened the new door for establishing the in vitro disease modeling and generating an unlimited source for cell base therapy, using MSCs for regeneration purposes still have a great chance to cure diseases. In this review, we discuss the important issues in MSCs biology including the origin and functions of MSCs and their application for craniofacial and periodontal tissue regeneration, discuss the potential and clinical applications of this type of stem cells in differentiation to maxillofacial bone and cartilage in vitro, and address important future hopes and challenges in this field.
A Nonlinear Fatigue Damage Model Based on Equivalent Transformation of Stress
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jin Jie , Zhou Wei , Li Wen-Liang , Qiao Meng
Published: November 2021

It is rather difficult for engineers to apply many of the fatigue damage models for requiring a knee point, material-dependent coefficient, or extensive testing, and some of them are only validated by a fatigue test of two-stage loading rather than higher-stage loading. In this paper, we propose a new model of fatigue cumulative damage in variable amplitude loading, which just requires the information of the S-N curve determined from the fatigue experiment. Specifically, the proposed model defines a stress equivalent transformation way to translate the damage of one stress to another stress through simple calculation. Experimental data of fatigue including two-, three-, and four-block loading verify the superiority of the proposed model by comparing it with the Miner model and Manson model. The results show that the proposed model can be generalized to any type of loading and presents a better prediction. Therefore, the advantage of the proposed model can be easily used by an engineer.
Analytical Solution for One-Dimensional Nonlinear Consolidation of Saturated Double-Layered Soil Subjected to Cyclic Loadings
Authors: Kim Pyol , Pak Chol-U , Myong Hakbom
Published: November 2021

Cyclic loading-induced consolidation behavior of soft soil is of great interest for the analysis of offshore and onshore structures. In this study, an analytical solution for one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear consolidation of saturated double-layered soil under various types of cyclic loadings such as trapezoidal cyclic loading, rectangular cyclic loading, and triangular cyclic loading was derived. The proposed solution was subsequently degenerated into solutions for special cases and compared to the existing solutions. The degenerate solutions show good agreement with the existing results, which proves that the proposed solutions are more general ones for 1D nonlinear consolidation of saturated soils under time-dependent loading. Finally, a comprehensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the influences of different layer parameters, drainage conditions, and loading parameters on nonlinear consolidation of saturated double-layered soil under cyclic loadings.
Multimedia Network English Reading Teaching Model Based on Speech Recognition Confidence Learning Algorithm
Authors: Wang Chuanju
Published: November 2021

With deepening internationalization, English has become an increasingly important communication tool. Because traditional English teaching has short teacher-student interaction time, lack of oral English training environment, and single learning method, the oral English teaching is not ideal, and the students’ “speaking” confidence is insufficient. Aimed at addressing the exposed problems of traditional English reading teaching, this paper proposes a multimedia-based English reading teaching mode. On this basis, establish a voice recognition phoneme network grid to detect the recognition results. Secondly, the lattice is used to generate the confusion network mesh, and the acoustic posterior probability is calculated. Then, the feature vector is input into the SVM classifier for confidence mark, and finally the feature is extracted by principal component analysis. The research shows that multimedia network teaching can teach more vividly, increasing the initiative of students. At the same time, it is shown that the speech recognition confidence learning algorithm can improve the language learning system.
Mechanism of QingHuaZhiXie Prescription Regulating TLR4-IECs Pathway in the Intervention of Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Huang Hua , Zhao Ping , Xi Meijuan , Li Fang , Ji Lijiang
Published: November 2021

To investigate the effect and mechanism of QingHuaZhiXie prescription on diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS), animal models of rats were used in this study. 48 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, containing one control group, one animal model group (D-IBS group), and four drug intervention groups (low, medium, and high dosage of QingHuaZhiXie prescription and trimebutine maleate intervention group). Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and Bristol stool form scale were recorded; the expression levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IFN-γ), pathway proteins TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and key proteins of tight junction between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were detected; the microstructure of intestinal mucosal was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; MPO activity was detected with immunohistochemical analysis to reflect the inflammation of tissues. Results show that QingHuaZhiXie prescription reduced diarrhea index and intestinal hypersensitivity and intestinal tissue integrity after intervention. MPO activity in QingHuaZhiXie prescription-treated rats was significantly lower relative to their model group. The expression levels of inflammatory factors and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins were repressed, and the protein levels of occludin and claudin-1 increased. Meanwhile, this study also found that the remission effect of QingHuaZhiXie prescription on D-IBS increased with its dosage increase. Hence, as a therapeutic prescription for D-IBS, QingHuaZhiXie prescription could relieve D-IBS symptoms through balancing the inflammatory factors expression by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and maintaining the function and structure of IECs by improving the protein levels of JAM, occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1.
Mathematical Modelling of Destabilization Stress Factors of Stable-Elastic Fixation of Distal Trans- and Suprasyndesmotic Fibular Fractures
Authors: Chuzhak Andriy , Sulyma Vadym , Ropyak Lіubomyr , Velychkovych Andrii , Vytvytskyi Vasyl
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Specification of possible stress factors destabilizing the fibula stable osteosynthesis by the intramedullary nail with distal blocking and elastic fixation of distal syndesmosis by the thread with endobuttons by mathematical modelling of distal unstable ankle injuries. Material and Methods. We studied the thread tension during the combined stable-elastic fixation of unstable injuries of the ankle joint in cross-syndesmosis fractures of the fibula (B, C Danis–Weber classification), which includes a one-time stable minimally invasive fixation with the intramedullary nail and elastic fixation by the thread with endobuttons. We used a titanium alloy for the intramedullary nail and polyester for the thread. The deformed state was studied using the methods of mechanics. Results. A model of a fractured fibula blocked with the intramedullary nail and fixed with the elastic thread was developed. A formulation to specify the rational tension forces of the elastic thread depending on the parameters of the fibula and intramedullary blocking nail and on the location of the bone injury was obtained. The effect of foot rotation on the thread tension was investigated. The results of theoretical research should be implemented in medical practice. Conclusions. A mathematical model of the damaged fibula blocked by the intramedullary nail and fixed with the elastic thread was developed. Dependences for calculation of tension of the fixing thread were obtained. A slight increase in thread tension during foot rotation was found.
Chronic-Care-Management Programs for Multimorbid Patients with Diabetes in Europe: A Scoping Review with the Aim to Identify the Best Practice
Authors: Brettel Julia Heike , Manuwald Ulf , Hornstein Henriette , Kugler Joachim , Rothe Ulrike
Published: November 2021

Aim. This scoping review is aimed at providing a current descriptive overview of care programs based on the chronic care model (CCM) according to E. H. Wagner. The evaluation is carried out within Europe and assesses the methodology and comparability of the studies. Methods. A systematic search in the databases PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE via OVID was conducted. In the beginning, 2309 articles were found and 48 full texts were examined, 19 of which were incorporated. Included were CCM-based programs from Belgium, Cyprus, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. All 19 articles were presented descriptively whereof 11 articles were finally evaluated in a checklist by Rothe et al. (2020). In this paper, the studies were tabulated and evaluated conforming to the same criteria. Results. Due to the complexity of the CCM and the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of setting and implementation, a direct comparison proved difficult. Nevertheless, the review shows that CCM was successfully implemented in various care situations and also can be useful in single practices, which often dominate the primary care sector in many European health systems. The present review was able to provide a comprehensive overview of the current care situation of chronically ill patients with multimorbidities. Conclusions. A unified nomenclature concerning the distinction between disease management programs and CCM-based programs should be aimed for. Similarly, homogeneous quality standards and a Europe-wide evaluation strategy would be necessary to identify best practice models and to provide better care for the steadily growing number of chronically multimorbid patients.
Antibiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hammami Chaima , Nasri Wafa
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Systemic antibiotics present one of the alternative adjunctive therapies in nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Different protocols have been proposed, but their indication and effectiveness are still controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the addition of antibiotics after nonsurgical debridement during initial therapy and compare different antimicrobial prescription protocols. Materials and Methods. An electronic search was performed through MEDLINE and EBSCOhost databases using the appropriate MeSH words. The target studies have to be published during the last five years. Data from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed. Study selection was done based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Seven randomized clinical trials were included in our review. Their data were extracted using a grid established for this purpose. Collectively, different protocols have been proposed and almost all of them yield superior clinical and microbiological results compared to the placebo group. Conclusion. The overall findings of this review show a positive effect of the use of antibiotics as an adjunctive to NSPT, regardless of the antimicrobial agents used in our included studies. Sites with PD > 6 mm may benefit most from the adjunctive use of antibiotics in NSPT. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT02829983 (Bechara Andere et al., 2016); NCT02839421 (Ardila et al., 2020); NCT02735395 (Borges et al., 2017); NCT02359721 (Suryaprasanna et al., 2018); and NCT01318928 (Hans, 2015).
Real‐Time Human Ear Detection Based on the Joint of Yolo and RetinaFace
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Huy , Truong Hoang Vinh
Published: November 2021

Biometric traits gradually proved their importance in real‐life applications, especially in identification field. Among the available biometric traits, the unique shape of the human ear has also received loads of attention from scientists through the years. Hence, numerous ear‐based approaches have been proposed with promising performance. With these methods, plenty problems can be solve by the distinctiveness of ear features, such as recognizing human with mask or diagnose ear‐related diseases. As a complete identification system requires an effective detector for real‐time application, and the current richness and variety of ear detection algorithms are poor due to the small and complex shape of human ears. In this paper, we introduce a new human ear detection pipeline based on the YOLOv3 detector. A well‐known face detector named RetinaFace is also added in the detection system to narrow the regions of interest and enhance the accuracy. The proposed method is evaluated on an unconstrained dataset, which shows its effectiveness.
Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Based on Deep Learning Using fMRI
Authors: Zheng JinChi , Wei XiaoLan , Wang JinYi , Lin HuaSong , Pan HongRun , Shi YuQing
Published: November 2021

Schizophrenia is a brain disease that frequently occurs in young people. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce family burdens and reduce social costs. There is no objective evaluation index for schizophrenia. In order to improve the classification effect of traditional classification methods on magnetic resonance data, a method of classification of functional magnetic resonance imaging data is proposed in conjunction with the convolutional neural network algorithm. We take functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for schizophrenia as an example, to extract effective time series from preprocessed fMRI data, and perform correlation analysis on regions of interest, using transfer learning and VGG16 net, and the functional connection between schizophrenia and healthy controls is classified. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of fMRI based on VGG16 is up to 84.3%. On the one hand, it can improve the early diagnosis of schizophrenia, and on the other hand, it can solve the classification problem of small samples and high-dimensional data and effectively improve the generalization ability of deep learning models.
The Application of Ultrasound Image in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Yang Mei
Published: November 2021

In order to solve the problem of low accuracy, high cost, and difficult detection of traditional algorithms, a new algorithm based on ultrasound imaging is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on fuzzy clustering to diagnose the disease and effectively improve the accuracy of the algorithm. By testing the actual scene, it effectively proves the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm, which can find and treat diseases in time and can be widely used and popularized in clinical research in China.
Simulation and Modeling Algorithm for Terminal Container Handling Intelligent Management Based on Internet of Things and Big Data Technology
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Zhou Qiang , Ding Huifang
Published: November 2021

In order to improve the effect of intelligent terminal container management, this paper improves the Internet of Things and big data technology, analyzes the RFID middleware architecture based on the actual needs of container handling management, and proposes a new method of RFID middleware load balancing. Moreover, this paper combines the Internet of Things technology and big data technology to analyze the terminal container loading and unloading process and build a corresponding intelligent system. After constructing a terminal container handling intelligent management system based on the Internet of Things and big data technology, the performance of the system is verified, and multiple sets of simulation data are used to conduct research. The experimental research results show that the terminal container handling management system based on the Internet of Things and big data constructed in this paper basically meets the actual needs of use.
[Retracted] Electrochemical Studies of WC‐Flyash HVOF Coating Interface on SA209‐T1 Steel under 3.5 NaCl Solution
Authors: Elango D. , Daniel Das A. , Kumaresh Babu S. P. , Natarajan S. , Yeshitla A.
Published: November 2021

In this present research, the coatings of SA209‐T1 using high velocity oxygen fuel were employed for the application of boiler tubes. Due to the adaptation of corrosion easy in boiler material, the research of those properties is significant because of its criticality and functionality during the service time. A right coating was found and applied on the SA209‐T1 surface against corrosive environments. Good corrosion resistance is achieved by WC‐flyash coatings applied on SA209‐T1 substrate. The 90% WC‐10% flyash coatings were found to be more protective followed by SA209‐T1 steel. WC‐flyash covering was tracked down so that the covering is compelling to secure the SA209‐T1 steel substrate. It is reasoned that the arrangement of NiO, Cr2O3, CoO, and NiCr2O4 could add to the advancement of consumption opposition in coatings. The steel of uncoated endured erosion as extraordinary stripping and spalling of the scale, which could be because of the development of Fe2O3 oxide scale unprotectively. This paper reveals the performance, applications, and development of 90wt.% WC and 10wt.% fly ash through HVOF coating in SA209‐T1 for electrochemical corrosion studies at room temperature.
Estimations of the Jacking Forces of Large‐Sized Rectangular Jacking Pipes Based on a Displacement Control Method
Authors: Xiao Zun-Qun , Lin Jian , Tang Dong-Sang , Xu Cai-Yun
Published: November 2021

In the present study, based on previous research results, a finite element method that considered the grouting pressure and displacement control of the tube‐soil side friction coefficients was established for the purpose of estimating the jacking forces of large sections of rectangular pipe jacking. Furthermore, the pipe jacking project of Zhong‐Zhou Avenue was taken as an example in this study, in which the rectangular pipe jacking models A1 and B1 under silty clay geological conditions were established. The two estimation models were verified using the pipe jacking cases A2 and B2, respectively. The estimation model can effectively estimate the jacking force, and the rectangular jacking force is distributed as a logarithmic function with the jacking distance. The shallow buried rectangular pipe jacking has some common characteristics in buried depth, grouting pressure, the length‐width ratio of outer diameter, construction geological conditions, and so on. The main independent factors that affect the jacking force are the buried depth and the outer perimeter of the jacking pipe. Based on the numerical model of case A1 and case B1, the logarithmic functions of jacking force of case A1 and case B1 with jacking distance were obtained by changing the buried depth. The calculation formula of the jacking force can reflect the variation law of the jacking force to some extent.
Scavenging Free Iron Reduces Arteriolar Microvasospasms After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Hanhan , Schwarting Julian , Terpolilli Nicole Angela , Nehrkorn Kathrin , Plesnila Nikolaus
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with acute and delayed cerebral ischemia resulting in high acute mortality and severe chronic neurological deficits. Spasms of the pial and intraparenchymal microcirculation (microvasospasms) contribute to acute cerebral ischemia after SAH; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesize that free iron (Fe
3+
) released from hemolytic red blood cells into the subarachnoid space may be involved in microvasospasms formation.

Methods:

Male C57BL/6 mice (n=8/group) received 200 mg/kg of the iron scavenger deferoxamine or vehicle intravenously and were then subjected to SAH by filament perforation. Microvasospasms of pial and intraparenchymal vessels were imaged three hours after SAH by in vivo 2-photon microscopy.

Results:

Microvasospasms occurred in all investigated vessel categories down to the capillary level. Deferoxamine significantly reduced the number of microvasospasms after experimental SAH. The effect was almost exclusively observed in larger pial arterioles (>30 µm) covered with blood.

Conclusions:

These results provide proof-of-principle evidence that Fe
3+
is involved in the formation of arteriolar microvasospasms after SAH and that arteriolar and capillary microvasospasms are triggered by different mechanisms. Deciphering the mechanisms of Fe
3+
-induced microvasospasms may result in novel therapeutic strategies for SAH patients.
Miriam Tildesley and the Anthropological Politics of Standardizing Racial Measurements
Authors: Clever Iris
Published: November 2021

This article examines to what extent nationalist and sexist sentiment and international politics shaped attempts to universalize measurement practices in physical anthropology. On the one hand, racial scientists were interested in creating an international community with a universalized methodology and developing a global taxonomy of human races. On the other hand, they chauvinistically guarded their localized practices from outside influences. By following the standardization efforts of British biometrician Miriam Tildesley, a female racial scientist adamant on unifying a research field largely dominated by men from different countries, this article argues that intersecting forces of nationalism, internationalism, and sexism shaped anthropological practices in the early twentieth century.