bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TBK1 recruitment to STING mediates autoinflammatory arthritis caused by defective DNA clearance
Authors: Li Tong , Yum Seoyun , Li Minghao , Chen Xiang , Zuo Xiaoxia , Chen Zhijian J.
Published: December 2021

Defective DNA clearance in DNase II−/− mice leads to lethal inflammatory diseases that can be rescued by deleting cGAS or STING, but the role of distinct signaling pathways downstream of STING in the disease manifestation is not known. We found that the STING S365A mutation, which abrogates IRF3 binding and type I interferon induction, rescued the embryonic lethality of DNase II−/− mice. However, the STING S365A mutant retains the ability to recruit TBK1 and activate NF-κB, and DNase II−/−STING-S365A mice exhibited severe polyarthritis, which was alleviated by neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α or IL-6 receptor. In contrast, the STING L373A mutation or C-terminal tail truncation, which disrupts TBK1 binding and therefore prevents activation of both IRF3 and NF-κB, completely rescued the phenotypes of DNase II−/− mice. These results demonstrate that TBK1 recruitment to STING mediates autoinflammatory arthritis independently of type I interferons. Inhibiting TBK1 binding to STING may be a therapeutic strategy for certain autoinflammatory diseases instigated by self-DNA.
Dual approach as empirical reliability for fractional differential equations
Authors: Dubovski P B , Slepoi J A
Published: December 2021

Computational methods for fractional differential equations exhibit essential instability. Even a minor modification of the coefficients or other entry data may switch good results to the divergent. The goal of this paper is to suggest the reliable dual approach which fixes this inconsistency. We suggest to use two parallel methods based on the transformation of fractional derivatives through integration by parts or by means of substitution. We introduce the method of substitution and choose the proper discretization scheme that fits the grid points for the by-parts method. The solution is reliable only if both methods produce the same results. As an additional control tool, the Taylor series expansion allows to estimate the approximation errors for fractional derivatives. In order to demonstrate the proposed dual approach, we apply it to linear, quasilinear and semilinear equations and obtain very good precision of the results. The provided examples and counterexamples support the necessity to use the dual approach because either method, used separately, may produce incorrect results. The order of the exactness is close to the exactness of fractional derivatives approximations.
A discontinuous shapeless particle method for the quasi-linear transport
Authors: Bogomolov S V , Kuvshinnikov A E
Published: December 2021

This paper considers a new version of the discontinuous particle method, whose higher accuracy is based on the “predictor-corrector” scheme. The peculiarity of this version is a new criterion of rearranging particles at the “corrector” stage. In contrast to the previously used version with the analysis of overlapping particles, which required an assumption about their form, we use another key characteristic of particles, namely, their mass, more precisely, the assumption that in the nonlinear elastic transport not only particle masses are conserved but also the mass located between the centers of these particles. This requirement leads to the fact that changing a distance between particles in the process of their movement and conservation of mass in the space between them, lead to a change in the density of one of the particles. A new version arose in the solution of the two-dimensional transport problems. We emphasize that the discontinuity is smeared into a single particle, which indicates to a high accuracy of the method. The construction of the method for a simple nonlinear transport problem is a necessary step to simulate the complex gas dynamics problems.
Crystal structures and continued fractions
Authors: Pekhtereva L V , Seleznev V A
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider the properties of a flat crystal structure associated with the matrix representation of finite continued fractions generating unimodular morphisms of a flat integer lattice. The used matrix representations of the continued fractions and their properties are obtained in [1]. The constructed model allows us to explain the existing limitations of the sets of Weiss parameters (the rational ratio of the lengths of the edges of the forming cell) of crystals by the Gauss-Kuzmin distribution of natural numbers in the representation of continued fractions.
An iterative method for solving difference problems of gas dynamics in the mixed Euler-Lagrangian variables
Authors: Sablin M
Published: December 2021

The method proposed is intended to solve implicit conservative operator difference schemes for a grid initial-boundary value problems on a simplex grid for a system of equations of gas dynamics in the mixed Euler-Lagrangian variables. To find a solution to such a scheme at a time step, it is represented as a single equation for a nonlinear function of two arguments from space – the direct product of the grid spaces of gas-dynamic quantities. To solve such an equation, a combination of the generalized Gauss-Seidel iterative method (external iterations) and an implicit two-layer iteration scheme (internal iterations at each external iteration) is used. The feature of the method is that, the equation, which is solved by internal iterations, is obtained from the equation of the difference scheme using symmetrization – such a non-degenerate linear transformation that the function in this equation has a self-adjoint positive Frechet derivative.
Modelling chronic hepatitis B using the Marchuk-Petrov model
Authors: Yu Khristichenko M , Nechepurenko Yu M , Grebennikov D S , Bocharov G A
Published: December 2021

Systems of time-delay differential equations are widely used to study the dynamics of infectious diseases and immune responses. The Marchuk-Petrov model is one of them. Stable non-trivial steady states and stable periodic solutions to this model can be interpreted as chronic viral diseases. In this work we briefly describe our technology developed for computing steady and periodic solutions of time-delay systems and present and discuss the results of computing periodic solutions for the Marchuk-Petrov model with parameter values corresponding to the hepatitis B infection.
Comparison of genomes of different species of coronaviruses using spectra of periodicities
Authors: Miroshnichenko L A , Gusev V D , Dzhioev Yu P
Published: December 2021

In the genomes of different organisms, there are periodicities, i.e. fragments of DNA (RNA)-sequences formed by tandem repetition of the basic monomer (period). The spectra of periodicities with lengths exceeding the ‘noise’ threshold are quite compact and visible even for complete genomes. This makes them an acceptable tool for differentiating closely related objects. The objects of analysis in this work are the periodicities at genomes of three species of coronavirus: MERS, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2. It has been shown that there are markers in the form of periodicities that make it possible to distinguish between these species of coronaviruses. None of the periodicities identified in the genomes of the MERS species (except for the poly-a tract in the 3‘UTR) is found in the genomes of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 and vice versa. Revealed periodicities common to SARS and SARS-CoV-2, as well as inherent only to genomes of one species. The number of periodicities in SARS and SARS-CoV-2 significantly exceeds the number of periodicities in random sequences. The periodicities found in almost all genomes of only ‘their’ species are of the greatest interest in terms of revealing the pathogenic potential of the virus.
Algorithm for inversion of resistivity logging-while-drilling data in 2D pixel-based model
Authors: Bondarenko A V , Yu Kushnir D , Velker N N , Dyatlov G V
Published: December 2021

Multi-frequency and multi-component extra-deep azimuthal resistivity measurements with depth of investigation of a few tens of meters provide advanced possibilities for mapping of complex reservoir structures. Inversion of the induction measurements set becomes an important technical problem. We present a regularized Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for inversion of resistivity measurements in a 2D environment model with pixel-based resistivity distribution. The cornerstone of the approach is an efficient parallel algorithm for computation of resistivity tool signals and its derivatives with respect to the pixel conductivities using volume integral equation method. Numerical tests of the suggested approach demonstrate its feasibility for near real time inversion.
An extrapolation method for projection data fltration in pulsed X-ray tomography
Authors: Yarovenko I P , Prokhorov I V
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with an inverse problem that consists of an attenuation coefficient identification for the non-stationary radiation transfer equation. To solve the problem, we propose a method that uses several pulses of radiation to extrapolate ideal projection data corresponding to a non-scattering medium. Numerical experiments on the Shepp-Logan phantom show that the method proposed improves the reconstruction quality.
Numerical modeling of fault structures in the Kurai basin of Gorny Altai based on data from direct current methods
Authors: Sanchaa A M , Nevedrova N N , Surodina I V
Published: December 2021

The southern site is located in the junction zone of the Southwestern and Eshtykel bench, where vertical electrical soundings were performed, and a preliminary fault-block depth model was built based on the results of field data interpretation using a horizontally layered model. Comparison of geoelectric and seismological data showed that the epicenters of significant earthquakes (M> 4) are concentrated in the identified faults. In the central site, three profiles of electrotomography were made through a bench, well expressed in the relief. Three-dimensional modeling was used to verify and clarify the structural features of both sections. Modeling is performed using programs EMF_DC3Dmod (GPU) - an accelerated version of the program EMF_DC3Dmod for vertical electrical sounding and SCALA-48 (GPU) for the method of electrotomography. The study is relevant for the tasks of geodynamics, seismic zoning and seismic hazard assessment.
Applying the R-solution method for designing a tsunami observational system
Authors: Voronina T A , Loskutov A V
Published: December 2021

One of the promising methods of the early warning of a tsunami is obtaining data of the wave heights based on the numerical solution of the inverse tsunami problem by using the truncated singular value decomposition method as a variant of the least-squares method. The problem is considered within the framework of the linear theory of wave propagation. The technique proposed allows one to avoid the inevitable instability of the numerical solution. It is possible to choose the most informative directions for the placement of the observation stations, which is based on the analysis of the energy transfer by the spatial modes generated by each right singular vector. As it has turned out, the best location of the stations is closely related to the directions of the most intense distribution of the tsunami energy. One of the significant advantages of the approach presented is the possibility, without additional calculations of the tsunami wave propagation from a reconstructed source, to obtain the tsunami wave heights at the points at which there are no observations but which are associated when calculating the matrix of the direct problem operator. The implementation of the approach proposed of the actual event of the Chilean Illapel Tsunami of September 16, 2015, is presented.
Numerical modeling of boundary value problems for differential equations with random coefficients
Authors: Dobronets B S , Popova O A , Merko A M
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the numerical modeling of differential equations with coefficients in the form of random fields. Using the Karhunen-Lo´eve expansion, we approximate these coefficients as a sum of independent random variables and real functions. This allows us to use the computational probabilistic analysis. In particular, we apply the technique of probabilistic extensions to construct the probability density functions of the processes under study. As a result, we present a comparison of our approach with Monte Carlo method in terms of the number of operations and demonstrate the results of numerical experiments for boundary value problems for differential equations of the elliptic type.
Vector autoregression process. Stationarity and simulation
Authors: Tovstik T M
Published: December 2021

For vector discrete-parameter random autoregressive processes and for a mixed autoregression/moving-average model, we obtain conditions which should be satisfied by the correlation functions or the model coefficients in order that the process be weakly stationary. Fairly simple tests are used. Algorithms for modeling such vector stationary processes are given. Examples are presented clarifying testing criteria for stationarity of models defned in terms of the coefficients or the correlation functions of the process.
Recent increase in the observation-derived land evapotranspiration due to global warming
Authors: Wang Ren , Li Longhui , Gentine Pierre , Zhang Yao , Chen Jianyao , Chen Xingwei , Chen Lijuan , Ning Liang , Yuan Linwang , Lü Guonian
Published: December 2021

Estimates of change in global land evapotranspiration (ET) are necessary for understanding the terrestrial hydrological cycle under changing environments. However, large uncertainties still exist in our estimates, mostly related to the uncertainties in upscaling in situ observations to large scale under non-stationary surface conditions. Here, we use machine learning models, artificial neural network and random forest informed by ground observations and atmospheric boundary layer theory, to retrieve consistent global long-term latent heat flux (ET in energy units) and sensible heat flux over recent decades. This study demonstrates that recent global land ET has increased significantly and that the main driver for the increased ET is increasing temperature. Moreover, the results suggest that the increasing ET is mostly in humid regions such as the tropics. These observation-driven findings are consistent with the idea that ET would increase with climate warming. Our study has important implications in providing constraints for ET and in understanding terrestrial water cycles in changing environments.
The role of anticipatory humanitarian action to reduce disaster displacement
Authors: Thalheimer Lisa , Simperingham Ezekiel , Jjemba Eddie Wasswa
Published: December 2021

Displacement due to weather and climate-related events (disaster displacement), including the adverse effects of climate change, is one of the greatest humanitarian challenges of the 21st century. Even though the forecasting of extreme events and early warning systems has improved globally, less attention has been given to translating anticipatory humanitarian action into the disaster displacement context with the aim to minimize forced displacement from extreme weather events through pre-allocated funds for the readiness, pre-positioning and activation costs. In this analysis, we assess the opportunities and challenges associated with utilising forecast-based financing (FbF) to expand anticipatory and early humanitarian action, based on the structured judgements of experts. These multi-disciplinary experts agree that FbF can reduce displacement risks and address the humanitarian impacts of disaster displacement early, or before a hazard materializes. We propose four action steps along the stages of disaster displacement to provide practical intervention points for researchers and practitioners. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings and outline next steps. By integrating cross-disciplinary expert judgement, this paper provides a much-needed pathway to transform humanitarian action to be more anticipatory and adaptable to change, and help minimize disaster displacement in climate change vulnerable regions.
Homogeneous Euler equation: blow-ups, gradient catastrophes and singularity of mappings
Authors: Konopelchenko B G , Ortenzi G
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the blow-ups of derivatives, gradient catastrophes (GCs) and dynamics of mappings of

R

n

→

R

n

associated with the n-dimensional homogeneous Euler equation. Several characteristic features of the multi-dimensional case (n > 1) are described. Existence or nonexistence of blow-ups in different dimensions, boundness of certain linear combinations of blow-up derivatives and the first occurrence of the GC are among of them. It is shown that the potential solutions of the Euler equations exhibit blow-up derivatives in any dimension n. Several concrete examples in two- and three-dimensional cases are analysed. Properties of

R

u

̲

n

→

R

x

̲

n

mappings defined by the hodograph equations are studied, including appearance and disappearance of their singularities.
Critical points of the random cluster model with Newman–Ziff sampling
Authors: Bell Tolson H , Cockerham Jerrell M , Mizgerd Clayton M , Wiles Melita F , Scullard Christian R
Published: December 2021

We present a method for computing transition points of the random cluster model using a generalization of the Newman–Ziff algorithm, a celebrated technique in numerical percolation, to the random cluster model. The new method is straightforward to implement and works for real cluster weight q > 0. Furthermore, results for an arbitrary number of values of q can be found at once within a single simulation. Because the algorithm used to sweep through bond configurations is identical to that of Newman and Ziff, which was conceived for percolation, the method loses accuracy for large lattices when q > 1. However, by sampling the critical polynomial, accurate estimates of critical points in two dimensions can be found using relatively small lattice sizes, which we demonstrate here by computing critical points for non-integer values of q on the square lattice, to compare with the exact solution, and on the unsolved non-planar square matching lattice. The latter results would be much more difficult to obtain using other techniques.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Polyester Laminate Composites
Authors: Ismadi  , Munawar S S , Kusumah S S , Subiyanto B , Purnomo D , Akbar F , Syahrir A
Published: December 2021

The utilization of natural fibers as reinforcing composites has been widely used. Indonesia has natural fibers abundantly such as ijuk fiber (Arenga pinnata), sisal fiber (Agave Sisalana) and coconut fiber (Cocos Nucifera). Random orientation application of the fiber in composites affected to the lower properties. Therefore, the particular orientation of fibres wereapplied in manufacturing of composite by laminating the short fiber with Polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The size and moisture content (MC) of fiber were 14-15 cm and +10%, respectively. The resin content of PU was 5% by weight of the laminate sheet. The mixture of fibers and PU adhesive was cold pressed for 5 minutes with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. The laminate sheet of PU-adhesive fibers then mixed with unsaturated polyester resin layer by layer. The fiber laminate composition of composite was varieted such as 1, 2 and 3 layers. The hand layup method was used in the manufacturing of the composite. The physical and mechanical testing like density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural test (adapt to ASTM D 790 standard) and tensile test (adapt to ASTM D 638 standard) were carried out. In additionmorphological analyses were investigated on composite samples. The results research showed that the net density of polyester, ijuk fiber sheet, sisal fiber sheet, and coconut fiber sheet were 1.21, 0.9, 0.53 and 0.22 g/cm3. The range of composite density was 0.99-1.15 g/cm3. The single layer composite had lower thickness swelling and water absorption than those of the three layers composite. The highest tensile strength of three layers of sisal fiber composite was higher (33.84 MPa) than that of the three layers of coconut fiber composite (12.04 MPa). The flexural strength of double layers composite from fiber sisal was higher (63.16 MPa) than that of three layers coconut fiber composite (28.65 MPa).
Cross-species bamboo grading based on flexural properties
Authors: Nugroho N , Kartini  , Bahtiar E T
Published: December 2021

This experiment studied five species of bamboo culms [e.g.B. vulgaris(ampel),D. asper(betung),G. apus(tali),G. atroviolacea(hitam), andG. pseudoarundinaceae(andong)], then analyzed the possibility to develop cross-species bamboo structural grading (both strength and capacity grading) models by mean of dummy variable regression. Since the regression analysis resulted the significantly different coefficient values of the dummy variables, any coincided trendline did not found, but some parallel ones were obtained. The non-coincided but parallel trendlines indicated that a linear equation can estimate the average value of the grade determining property (GDP) of cross-species bamboo structural grading, while the constants must be added to consider the species influence. Meanwhile the non-parallel trendlines indicated that the different linear equation must be applied for every bamboo species. The crossspecies bamboo structural grading could not reliably justify in this study. Species have a strong influence on bamboo grading. Therefore, the authors suggest considering the species identification in the bamboo structural grading.
The Resistance of Heat-Modified Fast Growing Woods Against Decay Fungi
Authors: Priadi T , Suhailiyah W , Karlinasari L
Published: December 2021

Fast growing woods from plantations forest generally have low quality and require improvement to resist degrading organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of heat-modified sengon, jabon, mangium, and short rotation teak woods against decay fungi. Heat treatment was applied at two different temperatures (150 °C and 180 °C) and for three different times (0, 2, and 6 hours). The decay resistance test used white rot(Schizophyllum communeFr) and brown rot(Tyromyces palustris)fungibased on modified SNI 01-7207-2014 standard. The chemical analysis of heat-modified wood used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The results showed that the white rot fungal resistance was significantly affected by the interaction of wood species, temperature and period of heating, while the brown rot fungal resistance was significantly affected by the interaction of wood species and heating temperature. Heating at 180 °C for 6 hours increased the fungal resistance of sengon, jabon and mangium woods. However, the fungal resistance of teak wood improved by heating at 150 °C for 6 hours. The durability improvement of the heat-modified woods were suspected due to the appearance or increase of antifungal substances such as benzoic acid, sinapaldehyde, vanillin and 2-methylantraquinone.
The Resistance of Modified Manii Wood with Boric acid and Chitosan/Glycerol and Heating Against Fungi and Termites
Authors: Istriana N , Priadi T
Published: December 2021

Manii wood (Maesopsiss eminiiEngl.) is a fast grown species that has low durability (class IV) and requires preservation. Boric acid is generally used in wood preservation. However, its application needs to be combined with other treatments to prevent from leaching. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of manii wood after double impregnation of boric acid and chitosan or glycerol and heat treatment. Heating temperatures were 70ºC and 140ºC. The durability test was carried out against white rot fungus (Schizophyllum commune), dry wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus), subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus) according to SNI 7207-2014 standard, and field test based on ASTM D 1758-08 standard. The retention of boric acid in manii wood was 15,2 ± 1,0 kg ma−3. The interaction of boric acid and chitosan/glycerol impregnations and heat treatment significantly affected the wood resistance against decay fungi and termites. Impregnation of boric acid and glycerol by heating at 140ºC increased the resistance of wood against dry wood and subterranean termites. Double impregnation of boric acid and chitosan followed by heating at 140ºC was the best treatment in this research that improved significantly the resistance of manii wood against white rot fungi, dry wood termites and subterranean termites.
Physical Properties of Impregnated Ganitri Wood by Furfuryl Alcohol and Nano-SiO2
Authors: Rahayu I S , Wahyuningtyas I , Zaini L H , Darmawan W , Maddu A , Prihatini E
Published: December 2021

Ganitri wood (Elaeocarpus sphaericus) is a fast-growing wood that has low dimensional stability and density. This study aims were to analyze the effect of Furfuryl Alcohol (FA) and nano-SiO2impregnation on the dimensional stability and density of ganitri wood and also examine the characteristics of impregnated ganitri wood. Impregnation used three treatments, including untreated (water), FA, and 0.5% FA-SiO2. The impregnation process was initiated by giving a 0.5 bar vacuum for 60 minutes, followed by applying a pressure of 2.5 bar for 120 minutes. Weight percent gain, leachability, anti-swelling efficiency, water uptake, bulking effect, and density were affected by the treatment. It was due to the coverage of FA and nano-SiO2on vessels of ganitri wood (SEM analysis). Also, the presence of nano-SiO2in wood treated (SEM-EDX analysis). FT-IR showed there were no FA bonds with ganitri wood cell wall components or between Nano- SiO2and ganitri wood. The crystallinity of ganitri wood decreases because FA is amorphous and nano-SiO2is semi-crystalline. The optimum dimensional stability and density were obtained at FA treatment.
Comparison of Eleutherine bulbosa Derivated Products as an Immunostimulant Supplement for Preventing COVID-19 Transmission
Authors: Maharani R , Fernandes A
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in most areas of the world caused many negative effects, including health, social and economic declined. One alternative to prevented it is to make immunostimulant supplements from natural resources that are available in surrounding environment along with encouraging development of home industries to produce them. In Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of the natural sources that have been utilized and proven locally as a medicinal plant is Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa). One of its functions is as an immunostimulant supplement, but until now there has not been much research on the manufacture of E. bulbosa as a home industry product that functions as an immunostimulant supplement. E.bulbosa was demonstrated high antioxidant activity 1.48 μg/ml IC50 value and significantly increased immunity. The E.bulbosa was also contained iso-eleutherine and iso-eleutherol which have the potential as an anti-virus. In this study, several E. bulbosa derivated products, namely teabags and infusions, were introduced and compared starting from technical process, economic analysis, and storage period. Recent study showed that 1 kg of E. bulbosa can produce about 20 boxes of teabags (10 tea bags/box) that can be stored for 6-12 months, with a total profit reached 2-3 times of total production cost. While, 1 kg E. bulbosa was produced 16 bottles containing 330ml infusion drink which can be stored for 3-5 days in refrigerator, and it was provided 2 times profit of total production cost. However, these two products can be used as an alternative to stay healthy along with increase in added value and income for communities.
Survey of Long-tailed macaque’s Behaviour in Mount Rinjani National Park, Lombok Timur
Authors: Fitriyah A , Wahyuningsih E , Syaputra M , Lestari AT , Isyaturriyadhah
Published: December 2021

The research was conducted in Mount Rinjani National Park, Lombok Timur, to observe the daily activities of Long-tailed macaque in utilizing their habitat and vocalization analysis as a hallmark of species. The Long-tailed macaque’ activities were analyzed using the scan sampling method. Ten (10) individuals ofLong-tailed macaquewere observed. The results showed that the observed activities of Long-tailed macaque were feeding, sleeping, inactive, grooming, mating, moving, excretion, playing, making sound, and agonistic (fighting). The average percentage of Long-tailed macaque observed was feeding (10.1%), sleeping (9%), inactive (9.4%), grooming (14.9%), mating (8.5%), moving (11.1%), excretion (7.9%), playing (9.7%), making sound (9.5%), and agonistic (9.9%). The daily activities can be as a reference in detecting the ‘species’ of theLong-tailed macaque. To support the population of this species, especially for long-term survival, the manager of the Rinjani Nasional Park should preserve the forest with conservation of natural forests and wildlife or biodiversity conservation and ecotourism, also prevent littering and illegal activities.
Study and modelling of rapid shoreline displacement due to coseismic subsidence along the Kamchatka subduction zone
Authors: Khomchanovsky A , Batanov F , Pinegina T
Published: December 2021

The first studies of geological evidences of coastal coseismic subsidence (associated with subduction-zone earthquakes) were carried out in Russia at the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, in Kamchatka. We developed a special method based on tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology, descriptions and dating of the soil-pyroclastic sequence (SPS) overlying the coastal wave-build beach ridges. Three seismic events accompanied by coastal coseismic subsidence were detected in the northern part of Avachinsky Bay during the past ~5 thousand years. We found subsidence from one of the greatest historical tsunamigenic earthquake (1952 AD) south of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. We identified, that 5 events of coastal coseismic subsidence had occurred during the past ~6 thousand years at the coast of Kronotsky Bay and Shipunsky Peninsula. Amplitudes of subsidence were estimated by geological data using three different methods. Erosion of the active beach and marine accumulative terrace becomes active after coastal subsidence. We calculated the shoreline retreat process and the amount of horizontal erosion by numerical simulation using Bruun rule. In some areas, shoreline retreat was about 300 m according to the model results.
Identification of disjunctive dislocations as one of the parameters for estimating a territory seismicity of North Sakhalin
Authors: Kuptsova O V , Melkiy V A , Verkhoturov A A
Published: December 2021

The north of Sakhalin Island is characterized by frequent earthquakes and many disjunctive dislocations. One of the catastrophic earthquakes occurred in the settlement of Neftegorsk. The level of modern technologies makes it possible to track the change in environmental parameters accompanying dangerous natural processes with a high degree of certainty. The article proposes an interpretating technology for disjunctive dislocations detecting, which differs from the existing ones with the complex use and summation of satellite image data using image processing methods widely applied in “computer vision”. The study aims to compile and describe a map of discontinuous faults of the village of Neftegorsk, located in the northern part of Sakhalin Island, using the developed decoding technology and geophysical data. Methods: Identification methods used in the work: 1) methods of primary image processing (correction, transformation, resolution change, cropping, visualization); 2) a set of “contextual” and “autonomous” methods of lineament analysis, with the help of which a series of images is processed (canny, erosion, Hough’s algorithm); 3) methods for constructing maps of discontinuous faults (summation, sequential linking). Results. Using the developed technology, a map of discontinuous faults in the area of the Neftegorsk earthquake was constructed. The implementation of the technology makes it possible to provide the monitoring data on discontinuous faults to organizations that are engaged in seismic zoning, construction and operation of objects for various purposes, including mineral deposits.
Neotectonics and geodynamics of the Streltsovsky ore region according to the analysis of digital elevation models
Authors: Rasskazov I Yu , Usikov V I , Fedotova Yu V
Published: December 2021

In the case of underground mining of mineral deposits under difficult mining and geological conditions and at great depths, one of the most urgent problems is the prevention of dangerous geodynamic events. The use of digital elevation models significantly expands the possibilities of preliminary assessment of the potential hazard of their manifestation. This article discusses the results of an assessment of the neotectonics and geodynamics of the Streltsovsky ore region carried out using digital elevation models. The interpretation of the obtained data is based on the concept of lateral tectonic flows adapted for the Far Eastern region of Russia. Digital elevation models based on the GTOPO30 made it possible to identify and evaluate the drift direction of three tectonic flows in the region. The direction determined by the relief coincides satisfactorily with the GPS direction.
Lithospheric plate tectonics and mass extinctions of biological species
Authors: Snakin V V
Published: December 2021

The merging of lithospheric plates and the formation of supercontinents are considered to be the main causes of global species extinctions within the Earth’s biosphere. Under those conditions, the factor of geographic isolation is diminished and interspecies competition is accelerated, allowing for the survival of the best-adapted species. The divergence of lithospheric plates triggers a new spurt of speciation that surpasses the previous one, as it involves the participation of the winning species.
Approaches to assessing the effectiveness of earthquake predictions using the LURR (load-unload response ratio) method on Sakhalin
Authors: Zakupin A S
Published: December 2021

A retrospective analysis of the seismicity of Sakhalin from 1997 to 2019 was performed to demonstrate the possibilities of the LURR technique recently in previous our work. The following results were obtained: 84 % of earthquakes (16 out of 19, with M ≥ 5) are predicted, 25% alarms (4 out of 15 predicted areas) were false. This paper proposes an analytical dependence to describe the forecast effectiveness (Ke) for this research. The extremes of Ke were found at the value of the alarm period of 12 and 24 months. At the same time, Ke is significantly higher for the alarm period of 24 months and decreases after a two-year alarm period. Another way to prove the results obtained is the random spatio-temporal distributions of the predicted objects (19 earthquakes with M ≥ 5). 10 such random sets have been assigned to 15 predicted areas, the result shows a significant advantage of a real sample over random ones, and also practically confirms the reliability of the algorithm for using the LURR technique. The methodology and results of this work can serve as practical recommendations for working with the LURR method for seismologists.
On the relationship of power lines outages caused by thunderstorms with Forbush decreases of cosmic rays
Authors: Shadrina L P , Kozlov V I , Grigoriev Yu M
Published: December 2021

It is known that power lines outages often occur during thunderstorms. Here are the results of comparing of power lines outages in Yakutia from 2012 to 2018 with the database of Forbush-Storm events. This database contains information on geomagnetic storms and Forbush-decreases of cosmic rays from 1996 to 2018. There are 3 classes of the events: if these two ground-based manifestations of solar wind disturbances occur simultaneously (Forbush with Storm, F+S) or separately (Forbush without Storm, F-S and Storm without Forbush, S-F). For 7 years in the summer time, 73 power lines outages associated with thunderstorms were recorded. It is shown that in 56 cases these outages occurred simultaneously with (F-S) class, 16 – with (F+S) class, and only in 1 case lightning outages were not associated with Forbush-Storm events (-F-S). In 19 cases of (S-F) class, not a single lightning outage was recorded. This means that lightning outages on power lines are mainly associated with decreases in the cosmic rays intensity, and during geomagnetic storms, power transmission disruptions occur when storms are simultaneous with Forbush-decreases of cosmic rays. Apparently, this indicates the significance of the effect of cosmic rays on atmospheric electricity, and it is more significant than the effect of geomagnetic storms.
Characteristics of maximal energy component of waves in Terpeniya Bay (Sakhalin Island)
Authors: Borisov A S , Kirillov K V
Published: December 2021

Analysis of natural sea surface oscillations was performed in order to determine maximal spectral energy components in sea waves in the area of Terpeniya Bay. It has been found out that maximal components appear at periods of 5 and 8 seconds and reach energy of 3 · 106 cm2·s during storms. During calm weather maximums can be observed in the range of swell waves, herewith maximums exist at periods of 12 and 15 seconds. Energy of these maximums doesn’t go upper then 8 · 105 cm2·s and 3 · 105 cm2·s accordingly. Maximum components in the infragravity band of energy spectrum were estimated as well. Two steady energy peaks were determined at periods of 75 and 135 seconds, which are most probably relate to edge waves in considered water area.
Using the paleotsunami data for the tsunami hazard assessment
Authors: Kaistrenko V M
Published: December 2021

The article is focused on the development of statistical methods of the tsunami recurrence evaluation using paleotsunami data. The new key moment is the creation of a model to quantify the preservation potential of paleotsunami deposits. The article includes a brief overview of the results of studies of the variability and preservation of tsunami deposits. The model was tested on materials about paleotsunami on the coast in the Khalaktyrka area (a village within the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky), obtained earlier, for four time intervals set by the key-marker volcanic tephra layers in Kamchatka (Ksudach in 1907, Avachinsky in 1855 and 1779, Opala in 606). The maximum likelihood estimates of the number of tsunamigenic horizons for the indicated time intervals are given. The restrictions of the considered model are analyzed.
Temperature regime of the Daginsky thermal springs (Sakhalin Island) during their reconstruction in 2019-2021
Authors: Zharkov R V
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the temperature regime of the Daginsky thermal springs. Daginsky thermal springs are the most famous and visited on Sakhalin Island (Russia). In the fall of 2019, their reconstruction and arrangement of the surrounding landscape began. As a result of the reconstruction of the main thermal springs, their hydrological and temperature regime was violated, the water temperature dropped. In 2020, in the springs most popular with visitors (Aleksandrovsky, Tsentralny, Mechta), the temperature became several degrees lower, which led to the termination of their use. In 2021, after the completion of the design of the spring bath and the surrounding area, the temperatures increased. In April 2021, the temperature of the Patriot spring was 40.5 °C, the Partizan spring 38–39 °C, the Central spring 36–39 °C, the Aleksandrovsky spring 34.6–36.0 °C, the Mechta spring 34.4 °C (at the bottom up to 45.5 °C), Molodost spring 35 °C (at the bottom up to 37–41.3 °C).
Recreational resources of the coasts of the southern part of Sakhalin Island and the southern part of the Crimean Peninsula (problems and solutions)
Authors: Afanasev V V , Uba A V , Faustova A B , Vaseikina N A
Published: December 2021

The possibilities of recreational-oriented use of the coast are studied on the basis of the trend analysis in the development of the coasts and regional features of the exploitation of the coasts of Sakhalin Island and the Crimean Peninsula. It is shown that the loss of recreational capacity of coastal territories is the result of both man-made and natural components of development. The conclusion is made about the degradation of a significant part of the recreational resources of the coasts. The concept of a model of integrated use and sustainable development of natural mineral resources, hydrogeological and recreational resources is proposed.
Peculiarities of selecting woody plants for anatomy analysis in various environments
Authors: Vlasova I I , Kopanina A V
Published: December 2021

Methods for studying woody plants anatomy are now very diverse. We modified the guidelines for bark studies developed for wood analysis at all stages of preparing the woody plant samples for microscope study. For the first time, we used separation to separate hard and soft fractions of the bark tissue. Correct approach to selection of plant samples and further laboratory manipulations ensures validity of the results of our study. We select the size of the sampling area depending on the type of vegetation. In every habitat, we also include transects along the gradient of height above sea level or the impact from the source of natural stress. The results of our research will help study landscape changes during exogenous geological processes and phenomena using biological indication of geosystems.
Nonlinear excitation of a geodesic acoustic mode by reversed shear Alfvén eignemodes
Authors: WANG Yahui , WANG Tao , WEI Shizhao , QIU Zhiyong
Published: December 2021

The parametric decay process of a reversed shear Alfvén eigenmeode (RSAE) into a geodesic acoustic mode and a kinetic RSAE is investigated using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. The excitation conditions mainly require the pump RSAE amplitude to exceed a certain threshold, which could be readily satisfied in burning plasmas operated in steady-state advanced scenario. This decay process can contribute to thermal plasma heating and confinement improvement.
Recent advances and future perspectives for aqueous zinc-ion capacitors
Authors: Huang Zhaodong , Zhang Rong , Zhang Shaoce , Li Pei , Li Chuan , Zhi Chunyi
Published: December 2021

Ion-hybrid capacitors are expected to combine the high specific energy of battery-type materials and the superior specific power of capacitor-type materials and are considered as a promising energy storage technique. In particular, aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZIC), possessing the merits of high safety, cost-efficiency and eco-friendliness, have been widely explored with various electrode materials and electrolytes to obtain excellent electrochemical performance. In this review, we first summarize the research progress on enhancing the specific capacitance of capacitor-type materials and review the research on improving the cycling capability of battery-type materials under high current densities. Then, we look back on the effects of electrolyte engineering on the electrochemical performance of ZIC. Finally, we propose research challenges and development directions for ZIC. This review provides guidance for the design and construction of high-performance ZIC.
Multiscale understanding of high-energy cathodes in solid-state batteries: from atomic scale to macroscopic scale
Authors: Sun Shuo , Zhao Chen-Zi , Yuan Hong , Lu Yang , Hu Jiang-Kui , Huang Jia-Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2021

In the crucial area of sustainable energy storage, solid-state batteries (SSBs) with nonflammable solid electrolytes stand out due to their potential benefits of enhanced safety, energy density, and cycle life. However, the complexity within the composite cathode determines that fabricating an ideal electrode needs to link chemistry (atomic scale), materials (microscopic/mesoscopic scale), and electrode system (macroscopic scale). Therefore, understanding solid-state composite cathodes covering multiple scales is of vital importance for the development of practical SSBs. In this review, the challenges and basic knowledge of composite cathodes from the atomic scale to the macroscopic scale in SSBs are outlined with a special focus on the interfacial structure, charge transport, and mechanical degradation. Based on these dilemmas, emerging strategies to design a high-performance composite cathode and advanced characterization techniques are summarized. Moreover, future perspectives toward composite cathodes are discussed, aiming to facilitate the develop energy-dense SSBs.
A comprehensive comparison of supervised and unsupervised methods for cell type identification in single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Sun Xiaobo , Lin Xiaochu , Li Ziyi , Wu Hao
Published: December 2021

The cell type identification is among the most important tasks in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Many in silico methods have been developed and can be roughly categorized as either supervised or unsupervised. In this study, we investigated the performances of 8 supervised and 10 unsupervised cell type identification methods using 14 public scRNA-seq datasets of different tissues, sequencing protocols and species. We investigated the impacts of a number of factors, including total amount of cells, number of cell types, sequencing depth, batch effects, reference bias, cell population imbalance, unknown/novel cell type, and computational efficiency and scalability. Instead of merely comparing individual methods, we focused on factors’ impacts on the general category of supervised and unsupervised methods. We found that in most scenarios, the supervised methods outperformed the unsupervised methods, except for the identification of unknown cell types. This is particularly true when the supervised methods use a reference dataset with high informational sufficiency, low complexity and high similarity to the query dataset. However, such outperformance could be undermined by some undesired dataset properties investigated in this study, which lead to uninformative and biased reference datasets. In these scenarios, unsupervised methods could be comparable to supervised methods. Our study not only explained the cell typing methods’ behaviors under different experimental settings but also provided a general guideline for the choice of method according to the scientific goal and dataset properties. Finally, our evaluation workflow is implemented as a modularized R pipeline that allows future evaluation of new methods.

Availability: All the source codes are available at https://github.com/xsun28/scRNAIdent.