bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward photothermal damage detection during laser osteotomy using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Grava Aikaterina , Hamidi Arsham , Gonzalez-Jimenez Alvaro , Bayhaqi Yakub A. , Navarini Alexander A. , Cattin Philippe C. , Canbaz Ferda
Published: October 2023

Feedback systems have been utilized to reduce the possible thermal side effects of lasers for surgery by means of temperature monitoring to control irrigation systems. In this study, we investigated the potential application of optical coherence tomography as a means of detecting bone dehydration status. We investigated the penetration depth of the OCT laser and its respective relation to the hydration status of bone. A deep-learning method was utilized to differentiate between different levels of water content in bone tissue (fresh/hydrated, dehydrated, and carbonized) based on the OCT images. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 0.912 on an independent test set, demonstrating its ability to accurately predict the state of the bone considering these three conditions. We believe this method can potentially accelerate the detection of dehydration during laser surgery, improving the safety of using lasers with real-time feedback.
Experimental characterization of a Raman based distributed temperature sensor using a 1064 nm pump
Authors: Vieira Joana , Nogueira Rogério N. , Rocha A.M.
Published: October 2023

In this work, we present proof-of-concept of a Raman based distributed temperature sensor using standard telecommunication fiber as the sensing element. To allow coexistence with data transmission, a pump source with a wavelength of 1064 nm is used. The proposed DTS is characterized in the range of 20 °C to 100 °C, using the ratio between the Raman band’s powers linearized. We established a characteristic curve of the sensor with a sensitivity of 0.0018±0.0001 /°C, showing that the proposed DTS can detect temperature variations. This work is the first step forward in the development of distributed sensors that coexist with data transmission over the same optical fiber.
Accurate absorption intensities of ozone in a wide IR spectral range from experimental measurements and ab initio calculations
Authors: Vasilchenko S. , Barbe A. , Egorov O. , Tyuterev V.
Published: October 2023

Recent results of a long-term effort of Tomsk-Reims research teams on accurate intensity data obtained from high-resolution absorption spectra of ozone suitable for the atmospheric remote sensing in a wide IR range are summarized. This includes vibronic bands corresponding to the transitions towards triplet electronic states near 1 µm, and vibration-rotation bands covering the far-infrared and near-infrared ranges.
Design of an optical system equipped with blue LEDs for the irradiation of Drosophila melanogaster cultures
Authors: López-Bautista Mónica , Mejía-Sánchez Jorge Enrique , Mesa-Cornejo Viviana Matilde
Published: October 2023

A longer exposure to blue light has negative effects on organisms, therefore we present an optical assembly based on a hexagonal design with blue LED light for homogeneous irradiation of cultures of Drosophila melanogaster, which has a variability range of illuminance controlled by the change of local current, useful for the evaluation of various factors under this parameter.
Optical Fiber Flowmeter Based on a Michelson Interferometer
Authors: Monteiro Catarina S. , Ferreira Margarida , Mendes João P. , Coelho Luís C. C. , Silva Susana , Frazão Orlando
Published: October 2023

In this work, an optical fiber flowmeter based on a Michelson interferometer is presented. The Michelson interferometer uses a long period fiber grating (LPFG) to couple light to the cladding modes followed by a section of a GO-coated single mode fiber (SMF). By radiating the GO thin film, it will increase its temperature changing the effective refractive index of the optical cavity of the Michelson interferometer. By placing the sensor on a gas flow, its temperature surface will decrease in a proportional manner to the flow rate. The sensor was studied in both static and dynamic dry nitrogen flow, attaining an absolute sensitivity of 17.4 ± 0.8 pm/(L.min-1) and a maximum response time of 1.1 ± 0.4 s.
Using an inexpensive module for Quantitative Phase Imaging
Authors: Xin Fan , Muddiman Ryan , Hennelly Bryan
Published: October 2023

We report on modular implementation of digital holography that we recently proposed. The module is designed such that it may be added to an existing brightfield microscope’s image port for digital holographic microscopy functionality. The proposed system is modular, portable, and cost-effective and not require path-length realignment when changing samples. The square in-line Mach-Zender architecture is used and the off-axis condition is achieved using two sets of wedge prism pairs; this approach offers advantages over other Mach-Zender nearly common-path modules, particularly in path length matching of object and reference wavefields for low-temporal coherence sources. Additionally, the proposed system allows for continuous variation of the tilt angles of the object and reference wavefields incident on the sensor, making it readily adaptable to any microscope and camera.
Room temperature mid-infrared fibre photoluminescence and lasing beyond 5 μm in Ce3+ -doped chalcogenide glass – INVITED
Authors: Nunes Joel J. , Sojka Łukasz , Crane Richard W. , Furniss David , Tang Zhuoqi , Xiao Boyu , Benson Trevor M. , Farries Mark C. , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Barney Emma , Phang Sendy , Sujecki Slawomir , Seddon Angela B.
Published: October 2023

We review here our recent work in achieving mid-infrared (MIR) fibre lasing beyond 5 µm wavelength in Ce3+-doped selenide-chalcogenide fibre, as well as the observed photoluminescence in samples of the same composition but in particulate and bulk glass form as well as unstructured fibre and in the SIF (step index fibre) in which fibre lasing took place.
Experimental observation of discretized conical wave in a multimode fiber
Authors: Stefanska Karolina , Bejot Pierre , Tarnowski Karol , Kibler Bertrand
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate spontaneous emission of discretized conical wave when an ultrashort pulse propagates nonlinearly in a multimode fiber. Our theoretical predictions are experimentally and numerically confirmed , providing a general understanding of phase-matched radiations emitted by nonlinear waves in multidimensional dispersive optical system.
A scalable and fully tuneable VCSEL-based neural network
Authors: Skalli Anas , Goldmann Mirko , Porte Xavier , Haghighi Nasibeh , Reitzenstein Stephan , Lott James A. , Brunner Daniel
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate an autonomous, fully tuneable and scalable neural network of 350+ parallel nodes based on a large area, multimode semiconductor laser. We implement online learning strategies based on reinforcement learning. Our system achieves high performance and a high classification bandwidth of 15KHz for the MNIST dataset. Our approach is highly scalable both in terms of classification bandwidth and neural network size.
Machine Learning for automatic pointing alignment and spatial beam filtering
Authors: Lajtner Karlo , Koenig Christopher , Rupenyan Alisa , Resan Bojan
Published: October 2023

Constraint Bayesian optimization approach is used to optimize the beam pointing and spatial filtering of a laser beam using the capillary transmission and the output beam profile, as the optimization criteria. We have demonstrated that the developed method was able to robustly find the optimal laser parameters and it will be implemented in the SwissFEL UV photocathode laser in the future.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures as optical resonators for organic thin-film distributed feedback lasers
Authors: Dong Tiange , Antrack Tobias , Lindenthal Jakob , Benduhn Johannes , Sudzius Markas , Leo Karl
Published: October 2023

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) have received considerable attention due to their potential for micro-and nanostructuring and surface functionalization of various materials. We present a novel application of LIPSS on a glass substrate as distributed feedback (DFB) laser resonators, capable of providing sufficient positive optical feedback to achieve lasing in thin-film waveguides with organic small molecules as a gain medium. The direct femtosecond micromachining allows for easy variation of the periodicity across a broad range of values, including those required to reach 1st Bragg order DFB operation. We investigate several small molecule organic thin-film systems and observe lasing in strong accordance with the underlying periodicities of all photonic structures involved. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of LIPSS as DFB laser resonators and suggest that they could facilitate the integration of organic thin-film media-based lasers and other photonic devices into various integrated photonic systems.
VO2 Tungsten Doped Film IR Perfect Absorber
Authors: Larciprete Maria Cristina , Ceneda Daniele , Scirè Daniele , Mosca Mauro , Adorno Dominique Persano , Dereshgi Sina Abedini , Aydin Koray , Macaluso Roberto , Voti Roberto Li , Sibilia Concita , Cesca Tiziana , Mattei Giovanni , Centini Marco
Published: October 2023

We investigated infrared reflectivity of undoped and Tungsten (W) doped Vanadium dioxide (VO2) films at varying temperatures. Undoped VO2 exhibited a clear phase transition at 100°C, achieving near 0% reflectivity, or perfect light absorption. As W doping concentration increased, the phase-transition temperature decreased, maintaining the zero-reflectivity condition. Only a 0.75% W doping enabled room temperature perfect absorption without heating the film.
Hochsensibles Arbeitsfeld – Einarbeitung auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Kreysch Veronika , Bräunig Jochen
Published: October 2023

Der Bedarf an frührehabilitativer intensivmedizinischer Physiotherapie steigt. Bis heute fehlen professionelle Standards für die Einarbeitung in die hochsensible Arbeit. Studierende der FH Münster entwickelten nun ein Einarbeitungskonzept. Anhand eines Leitfadens werden neue Mitarbeitende von Mentor*innen ein halbes Jahr intensiv gecoacht und erreichen somit über drei Level Handlungskompetenz und Eigenverantwortlichkeit in ihrer Arbeit auf der Intensivstation.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose
Authors: Maus Uwe , Bühring Björn
Published: October 2023

Osteoporose ist eine systemische Erkrankung und gekennzeichnet durch eine Verringerung der Knochenmineralisation und Verschlechterung der Knochenstruktur. Sie führt zu einem zunehmenden Risiko für osteoporotische Frakturen, vor allem an der Wirbelsäule, dem proximalen Femur, am Becken, dem proximalen Humerus und dem distalen Unterarm. Der Dachverband der deutschsprachigen osteologischen Gesellschaften, DVO, veröffentlicht in regelmäßigen Abständen aktualisierte Versionen der Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen die wesentlichsten Inhalte der Leitlinie und die Neuerungen dargestellt werden. Die wichtigsten Neuerungen sind die Überarbeitung der Risikofaktoren für eine Osteoporose, einschließlich der dazugehörigen Risikogradienten, die Änderungen der Vorhersagezeiträume des bisher verwendeten 10-Jahres-Frakturrisiko auf einen 3-Jahres-Zeitraum und die Einführung von neuen Therapieschwellen zur Indikationsstellung für eine spezifische medikamentöse Therapie. Diese Schwellen sind bei einem 3-Jahres-Frakturisiko (für Schenkelhals und Wirbelkörperfrakturen) von 3 bis < 5 %, von 5 bis 10 % und von ≥ 10 % angesiedelt. Bei einem sehr hohen Frakturrisiko (Risiko ≥ 10 %) soll mit einer osteoanabol wirksamen Substanz behandelt werden, zwischen 5 und < 10 % soll eine Behandlung eingeleitet werden und es kann mit einem osteoanabolen Medikament therapiert werden. Im Bereich zwischen 3 und < 5 % sollte eine Therapie in Betracht gezogen werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit kann nur einen Überblick über die aktualisierte Leitlinie geben. Für einen tieferen Einblick und für die Umsetzung in der Praxis sind die Kurz- bzw. Langversion nach der Veröffentlichung zusätzlich zu berücksichtigen.
Direct diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of thoracic esophageal diverticula: technique and outcomes
Authors: Gauci Julia L. , Gupta Sunil , Abu Arisha Muhammad , Tang Andrew , O’Sullivan Timothy , Whitfield Anthony , Cronin Oliver , Perananthan Varan , Kerrison Clarence , Lee Eric Y. , Burgess Nicholas G. , Bourke Michael J.
Published: October 2023

Background Diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an alternative to surgery for the management of symptomatic thoracic esophageal diverticula. Conventionally, this requires proximal tunnel formation but a direct approach may simplify the technique. Herein, we report the outcomes of direct diverticular-POEM (DD-POEM).

Methods We conducted a single-center prospective observational study evaluating DD-POEM. This involved a direct approach to the diverticulum. Success was defined as an Eckardt score of ≤ 3 without the need for reintervention.

Results 10 patients underwent DD-POEM (median age 72 years; interquartile range [IQR] 14.3; male 60 % [n = 6]). Median diverticulum size was 40 mm (IQR 7.5) and median location was 35 cm from the incisors (IQR 8.3). Five patients (50 %) had an underlying dysmotility disorder. The median procedure duration was 60 minutes (IQR 28.8). There were no adverse events. The median hospital stay was 1 day (IQR 0.75). The pre-procedure median Eckardt score of 6 (IQR 4) significantly improved to 0 (IQR 0.75; P < 0.001) at a median follow-up of 14.5 months (IQR 13.8). Success was achieved in all patients.

Conclusions DD-POEM was a safe technique for the management of thoracic esophageal diverticula. Owing to its simplicity and excellent performance it should be further evaluated for the treatment of this disorder.
The Effect of Glaucoma Treatment on Aniridia-Associated Keratopathy (AAK) – A Report from the Homburg Register for Congenital Aniridia
Authors: Fries Fabian Norbert , Náray Annamária , Munteanu Cristian , Stachon Tanja , Lagali Neil , Seitz Berthold , Käsmann-Kellner Barbara , Szentmáry Nóra
Published: October 2023

Background Congenital aniridia is a severe malformation of almost all eye segments. Aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) and secondary glaucoma, which occur in more than 50% of
affected individuals, are typically progressive and pose a high risk of blindness for patients with congenital aniridia. Our aim was to investigate the effect of glaucoma treatment on AAK in
patients of the Homburg Aniridia Center.

Methods Our retrospective monocentric study included patients who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at the Homburg Aniridia Center between June 2003 and January
2022.

Results There were 556 eyes of 286 subjects (20.1 ± 20.1 years; 45.5% males) included. In 307 (55.2%) eyes of 163 subjects (27.5 ± 16.3 years; 43.1% males), glaucoma was present at
the time of examination. The mean intraocular pressure in the glaucoma group was 19.0 mmHg (± 8.0), while in the non-glaucoma group, it was 14.1 mmHg (± 3.6) (p < 0.001). In the glaucoma
group, 68 patients used antiglaucomatous topical monotherapy, 51 patients used 2 agents, 41 patients used 3 agents, 7 patients used quadruple therapy, and 140 did not use topical therapy
(e.g., after pressure-lowering surgery, pain-free end-stage glaucoma, or incompliance). Patients were classified according to the following stages of AAK: Stage 0 (96 eyes [17.2%], no
keratopathy), Stage 1 (178 eyes [32.0%]), Stage 2 (107 eyes [19.2%]), Stage 3 (67 eyes [12.0%]), Stage 4 (62 eyes [11.1%]), Stage 5 (45 eyes [8.0%]). The mean stage of AAK was 1.4
(1.2 – 1.5) in the group without eye drops, 1.9 (1.5 – 2.2) in the group with monotherapy, 1.8 (1.5 – 2.1) in the group with 2 drugs, 1.9 (1.5 – 2.2) in the group with 3 drugs, 3.4
(2.3 – 4.6) in the group with 4 drugs, and 3.3 (3.1 – 3.6) after antiglaucomatous surgery. The stage of AAK was significantly positively correlated with the number of pressure-lowering eye
drops (p < 0.05) and prior pressure-lowering surgery (p < 0.05). Prostaglandin analogues were not correlated with a higher AAK stage compared to the other drug groups.

Conclusions At the Homburg Aniridia Center, patients using topical antiglaucomatous quadruple therapy or who had previously undergone antiglaucomatous surgery had by far the highest
AAK stage. The different drug groups had no influence on the AAK stage.
Thermocoagulation in Multiple Targets to Treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Associated with Drug Addiction: Case Report
Authors: Assis Laryssa Simões de Lima , Carvalho Laura Araújo de , Silva Ledismar José da
Published: October 2023

Substance-related disorders are chronic psychiatric conditions defined by substance abuse, and they compromise patients both clinically and functionally. Currently, pharmacotherapy, behavioral therapy, or an association of both are the treatments of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with drug addiction. However, the refractoriness to treatment, as a result of the high failure rates of these approaches, has led to the need to develop surgical techniques to treat severe cases of substance-related disorders. In the present article, we report the case of a patient who underwent neurosurgery through the stereotactic technique after refractoriness to the conventional treatment for drug addiction. The patient showed sustained improvement in his addiction to drugs. Despite the numerous reports on the effectiveness and applicability of neurosurgery in psychiatric disorders, some concerns regarding stereotactic surgery as a treatment for drug addiction still remain, especially in relation to its efficacy, safety, and ethical implications.
Digitale Daten und Medizin-KI: Umdenken – und den Datenschatz heben
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: October 2023

Reform der Notfall- und Akutversorgung, Cannabis-Freigabe, Hitzeschutzplan und natürlich die Krankenhausreform mit Vorhaltepauschalen, Level-Einstufungen, Qualitätsansprüchen und Mengenvorgaben – Karl Lauterbach und das Bundesgesundheitsministerium arbeiten gerade an vielen Baustellen gleichzeitig.
Gesetzentwürfe: Digitales Doppel nimmt nächste Hürde
Authors: Gassmann Julia
Published: October 2023

Mit den im Kabinett beschlossenen Entwürfen zu den Digital-Gesetzen will Bundesgesundheitsminister Prof. Karl Lauterbach „eine der modernsten medizinischen Digitalinfrastrukturen in Europa“ aufbauen. Kernstück wird die elektronische Patientenakte. Wird die Aufholjagd gelingen?
Europäischer Gesundheitskongress München 2023: Rettung für ein Gesundheitssystem in Not gesucht
Authors: Küng Claudia
Published: October 2023

Nach den Wahlen in Bayern und Hessen am 8. Oktober wird sich die finale Haltung der Länder zur bevorstehenden Krankenhausreform herauskristallisieren. Dieses Thema wird eine zentrale Rolle auf dem 22. Europäischen Gesundheitskongress München am 26. und 27. Oktober spielen.
Digitale Diagnostik: Algorithmen für Ärzte
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: October 2023

Unterschiedlichste Anwendungen drängen auf den Markt für digitale Diagnostik. Neuestes Beispiel ist eine Plattform für medizinische Algorithmen, die Ärzte genauso anfordern können wie Biomarkertests.
Will the Doctor “See” You Now? The Development and Implementation of a Targeted Telemedicine System for Primary Care
Authors: Epstein Jeremy A. , Lkhagvajav Zoljargal , Young Tempest , Bertram Amanda , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Taylor Casey Overby
Published: October 2023

Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a rapid adoption of telehealth. For underserved populations lacking internet access, telemedicine was accomplished by phone rather than an audio–video connection. The latter is presumed a more effective form and better approximation of an in-person visit. We sought to provide a telehealth platform to overcome barriers for underserved groups to hold video visits with their health care providers and evaluate differences between the two telehealth modalities as assessed by physicians and patients.

Methods We designed a simplified tablet solution for video visits and piloted its use among patients who otherwise would have been completing audio-only visits. Patients consented to participation and were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to continue with their scheduled phone visit (control) versus being shipped a tablet to facilitate a video visit (intervention). Participants and providers completed communication and satisfaction surveys.

Results Tablet and connectivity design features included removal of all functions but for the telemedicine program, LTE always-on wireless internet connectivity, absence of external equipment (cords chargers and keyboard), and no registration with a digital portal. In total, 18 patients were enrolled. Intervention patients with video-enabled devices compared to control patients agreed more strongly that they were satisfied with their visits (4.75/5 vs. 3.75/5, p = 0.02).

Conclusion The delivered simplified tablet solution for video visits holds promise to improve access to video visits for underserved groups. Strategies to facilitate patient acceptance of devices are needed to expand the scope and potential impact of this effort.
Super-resolution three-dimensional structured illumination profilometry for in situ measurement of femtosecond laser ablation morphology
Authors: Ni Jielei , Wei Qianyi , Zhang Yuquan , Xu Jie , Xie Xi , Chen Yixuan , Fu Yanan , Cao Gengwei , Yuan Xiaocong , Min Changjun
Published: October 2023

Femtosecond laser ablation has found wide-ranging applications in the surface structuring of nanoelectronics and nanophotonics devices. Traditionally, the inspection of the fabricated three-dimensional (3D) morphology was performed using a scanning electron microscope or atomic force microscopy in an ex situ manner after processing was complete. To quickly monitor and efficiently optimize the quality of surface fabrication, we developed an in situ method to accurately reconstruct the 3D morphology of surface micro-structures. This method is based on a triangulation optical system that utilizes structured illumination. The approach offers a super-resolution capacity, making it a powerful and non-invasive tool for quick in situ monitoring of surface ablation structures.
Controlled spherical deuterium droplets as Lagrangian tracers for cryogenic turbulence experiments
Authors: Bret Clément , Chartier Jérôme , Diribarne Pantxo , Duplat Jérôme , Rousset Bernard
Published: October 2023

The study of the smallest scales of turbulence by (Lagrangian) particle tracking faces two major challenges: the requirement of a 2D or 3D optical imaging system with sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution and the need for particles that behave as passive tracers when seeded into the flow. While recent advances in the past decade have led to the development of fast cameras, there is still a lack of suitable methods to seed cryogenic liquid helium flows with mono-disperse particles of sufficiently small size, of the order of a few micrometers, and a density close enough to that of helium. Taking advantage of the surface tension, we propose two different techniques to generate controlled liquid spherical droplets of deuterium over a liquid helium bath. The first technique operates in a continuous mode by fragmenting a liquid jet, thanks to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. This results in the formation of droplets with a diameter distribution of 2 ± 0.25DN, where DN is the diameter of the jet nozzle (DN = 20 μm in the present experiment). This method offers a high production rate, greater than 30 kHz. The second technique operates in a drop-on-demand mode by detaching droplets from the nozzle using pressure pulses generated using a piezoelectric transducer. This approach yields a much narrower diameter distribution of 2.1 ± 0.05DN but at a smaller production rate, in the range 500 Hz–2 kHz. The initial trajectories and shapes of the droplets, from the moment they are released from the nozzle until they fall 3 mm below, are investigated and discussed based on back-light illumination images.
A three-dimensional fully threaded tree adaptive mesh phase-field lattice Boltzmann method for gas–liquid phase change problems
Authors: Xia Yan-Chen , Yao Bo-Wen , Wang Kai , Li Zeng-Yao
Published: October 2023

A fully threaded tree adaptive mesh lattice Boltzmann method based on the phase-field model with the conservative Allen–Cahn equation is presented for the simulation of multiphase flows and heat transfer, especially the gas–liquid phase change problems in three dimensions. The presented model incorporates the conservative Allen–Cahn equation for interface tracking and employs hydrodynamics and temperature evolution D3Q19 lattice Boltzmann equations to recover the corresponding Navier–Stokes equations and energy equations. The gas–liquid phase change at the phase interface can be reflected with introducing the mass production rate in the lattice Boltzmann evolution equations. With the fully threaded tree adaptive mesh implemented to capture the phase interface, the computational efficiency can obviously be raised while ensuring the accurate capture of gas–liquid interface. The present method is used to reproduce several classical benchmarks, namely, the droplet evaporation in superheated gas, the buoyancy-driven bubble rising in viscous liquid, the 3-dimensional Rayleigh Taylor instability problem, the nucleate boiling on a wall with constant temperature, and the film boiling on superheated bottom.
Molecular simulation of the confined crystallization of ice in cement nanopore
Authors: Zhu Xinping , Vandamme Matthieu , Jiang Zhengwu , Brochard Laurent
Published: October 2023

Freezing of water under nanoconfinement exhibits physical peculiarities with respect to the bulk water. However, experimental observations are extremely challenging at this scale, which limits our understanding of the effect of confinement on water properties upon freezing. In this study, we use molecular dynamic simulations to investigate how confinement affects the kinetics of growth of ice and the thermodynamic equilibrium of ice-liquid coexistence. TIP4P/Ice water model and CSH-FF model were applied to simulate ice crystallization in a confined cement system at temperatures down to 220 K. We adapted an interface detection algorithm and reparameterized the CHILL/CHILL+ algorithm to capture ice growth. The confinement leads to a shift of the maximum growth rate of ice to a higher temperature than for bulk water. Both the confinement and surface impurities contribute to slowing down the ice growth. For the ice-liquid coexistence at equilibrium, we derive a formulation of Thomson’s equation adapted to statistical physics quantities accessible by molecular simulation, and we show that this adapted equation predicts accurately the melting line of bulk and confined ice Ih as a function of pressure. The confinement decreases systematically the melting temperature of ice of about 5 K compared with bulk ice Ih. A premelted water film about 1 nm thick is observed between the solid wall and ice, and its thickness is found to decrease continuously as temperature is lowered. We note that the surface impurities are key to the formation of the premelted water nanofilm when the temperature is lower than 250 K.
Contact-time reduction of viscous droplets impacting a grooved superhydrophobic surface
Authors: Park Changhun , Kim Jeong-Hyun
Published: October 2023

Adding a macroscale groove structure to the superhydrophobic surface makes the water droplet to bounce in a petal shape and dramatically reduces the contact time of the water droplet. Most studies on petal bouncing have been conducted on water droplets without considering the effects of viscosity. In this study, the bouncing dynamics of glycerol/water droplets impacting a grooved hydrophobic surface were investigated by changing the viscosity and impact speed of the droplets. As the viscosity of the droplets increased, the Weber number range in which petal bouncing occurred decreased. Petal bouncing was observed in up to 50 wt. % glycerol/water droplets with a viscosity approximately six times that of water. In the low Weber number region (We < 25), as the viscosity of the droplet increased, a sufficient amount of capillary energy was not stored in the fluid penetrating the grooved structure, owing to the viscous dissipation of the fluid. In contrast, in the moderate-Weber-number region (25 < We < 40), the impact energy of the droplet became sufficiently large to overcome the viscous force of the fluid, enabling spreading and retraction along the bottom of the structure. This caused a discrepancy between the time at which the retraction of the fluid above the structure started and the time for the fluid to penetrate and empty the structure, resulting in a transition from petal bouncing to conventional rebound. The critical Weber number for petal bouncing was calculated using the energy-balance approach, and the results were similar to the experimentally observed values.
Atomic insight into the BEOL thermal budget on phase transition of phase change memory cells
Authors: Qi Ruijuan , Sui Fengrui , Huang Rong , Song Sannian , Li Xi , Song Zhitang
Published: October 2023

Research works on phase change random access memory (PCRAM) based on Ge–Sb–Te (GST) phase change materials have achieved exciting progress, but the industrialization of PCRAM still faces big challenges, including unsatisfied endurance property or unexpected cell structure failure during fabrication. Here, we investigate the impact of the thermal budget in back-end-of-line (BEOL) process on the microstructure evolution of carbon doped GST (CGST) cells. We demonstrate that the as-deposited amorphous CGST in the confined memory cell will transform to face centered-cubic (FCC) phase with uniform grain size during high temperature up to 400 °C in the BEOL process. However, if there is much more unexpected thermal budget during the BEOL process, the FCC-CGST grains will further grow and transform to highly ⟨0001⟩ oriented single crystalline hexagonal (HEX) GST, together with the formation of voids, leading to the structure failure of the storage cells. By virtue of the advanced spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (Cs-TEM), we find that there are randomly stacked seven-layered and nine-layered atomic arrangements in single crystalline HEX-GST, corresponding to the chemical stoichiometry of Ge2Sb2Te5 and Ge1Sb2Te4, respectively. Interestingly, twin crystal with the coexistence of vacancy-ordered FCC-GST and HEX-GST on the different twin boundary is observed, indicating that the twin crystals play a critical role in the coalescence and the growth of FCC-GST. This work not only sheds light on the structure failure mechanism of GST cell but also provided additional insight into the formation of HEX-phase in a confined GST memory cell.
Ubiquitous coexisting electron-mode couplings in high-temperature cuprate superconductors
Authors: Yan Hongtao , Bok Jin Mo , He Junfeng , Zhang Wentao , Gao Qiang , Luo Xiangyu , Cai Yongqing , Peng Yingying , Meng Jianqiao , Li Cong , Chen Hao , Song Chunyao , Yin Chaohui , Miao Taimin , Chen Yiwen , Gu Genda , Lin Chengtian , Zhang Fengfeng , Yang Feng , Zhang Shenjin , Peng Qinjun , Liu Guodong , Zhao Lin , Choi Han-Yong , Xu Zuyan , Zhou X. J.
Published: October 2023

In conventional superconductors, electron-phonon coupling plays a dominant role in generating superconductivity. In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, the existence of electron coupling with phonons and other boson modes and its role in producing high-temperature superconductivity remain unclear. The evidence of electron-boson coupling mainly comes from angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) observations of

∼

70-meV nodal dispersion kink and

∼

40-meV antinodal kink. However, the reported results are sporadic and the nature of the involved bosons is still under debate. Here we report findings of ubiquitous two coexisting electron-mode couplings in cuprate superconductors. By taking ultrahigh-resolution laser-based ARPES measurements, we found that the electrons are coupled simultaneously with two sharp modes at

∼

70meV and

∼

40meV in different superconductors with different dopings, over the entire momentum space and at different temperatures above and below the superconducting transition temperature. These observations favor phonons as the origin of the modes coupled with electrons and the observed electron-mode couplings are unusual because the associated energy scales do not exhibit an obvious energy shift across the superconducting transition. We further find that the well-known “peak-dip-hump” structure, which has long been considered a hallmark of superconductivity, is also omnipresent and consists of “peak-double dip-double hump” finer structures that originate from electron coupling with two sharp modes. These results provide a unified picture for the

∼

70-meV and

∼

40-meV energy scales and their evolutions with momentum, doping and temperature. They provide key information to understand the origin of these energy scales and their role in generating anomalous normal state and high-temperature superconductivity.
On Viazovska’s modular form inequalities
Authors: Romik Dan
Published: October 2023

Viazovska proved that the

E
8

lattice sphere packing is the densest sphere packing in

8

dimensions. Her proof relies on two inequalities between functions defined in terms of modular and quasimodular forms. We give a direct proof of these inequalities that does not rely on computer calculations.
Patterns and Representation in Arabic Place Assimilation
Authors: Youssef Islam
Published: October 2023

This book is a phonological investigation of place assimilation phenomena in two major Arabic dialects: Cairene Egyptian and Baghdadi Iraqi. The studied phenomena involve interactions between consonants (various types of local assimilation), between vowels (monophthongization), or between consonants and vowels (emphasis spread and labialization). Throughout the content chapters, the patterns for each of these processes are carefully described and validated by ample data, and then analyzed representationally using a minimalist model of feature geometry. The analysis follows a holistic approach, as the representations are consistently used for all the segmental phenomena within a dialect. The first exclusive treatment of place assimilation in colloquial Arabic, this book will be of particular interest to scholars and advanced students of Arabic linguistics and dialectology, and to phonologists in general, and can be a point of reference for researchers examining the details of such phenomena in other dialects of Arabic as well.
Exploring near-synonyms through translation corpora
Authors: Ramón García Noelia
Published: October 2023

This chapter explores the Spanish translations of the English ingressive verbs ‘begin’ and ‘start’ in the parallel corpus PACTRES. ‘Begin’ and ‘start’ are considered near-synonyms and the aim of this paper is to trace any semantic differences between them through an analysis of their Spanish translations. I obtained the translational options in Spanish for ‘begin’ and ‘start’ and compared the divergences using statistical significance tests. The findings revealed that the verb ‘start’ presents a wider range of ingressive verbs as translational options in Spanish, thus pointing towards a larger number of associated sense relations than the verb ‘begin’. This study illustrates the usefulness of parallel corpora in highlighting semantic differences between near-synonyms in the source language, here English.
A dual-clock-driven model of lymphatic muscle cell pacemaking to emulate knock-out of Ano1 or IP3R
Authors: Hancock Edward J. , Zawieja Scott D. , Macaskill Charlie , Davis Michael J. , Bertram Christopher D.
Published: October 2023

Lymphatic system defects are involved in a wide range of diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Fluid return through the lymphatic vascular system is primarily provided by contractions of muscle cells in the walls of lymphatic vessels, which are in turn driven by electrochemical oscillations that cause rhythmic action potentials and associated surges in intracellular calcium ion concentration. There is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved in these repeated events, restricting the development of pharmacological treatments for dysfunction. Previously, we proposed a model where autonomous oscillations in the membrane potential (M-clock) drove passive oscillations in the calcium concentration (C-clock). In this paper, to model more accurately what is known about the underlying physiology, we extend this model to the case where the M-clock and the C-clock oscillators are both active but coupled together, thus both driving the action potentials. This extension results from modifications to the model’s description of the IP3 receptor, a key C-clock mechanism. The synchronised dual-driving clock behaviour enables the model to match IP3 receptor knock-out data, thus resolving an issue with previous models. We also use phase-plane analysis to explain the mechanisms of coupling of the dual clocks. The model has the potential to help determine mechanisms and find targets for pharmacological treatment of some causes of lymphoedema.
Interacting semi-flexible self-avoiding walks studied on a fractal lattice
Authors: Marčetić Dušanka
Published: October 2023

Self-avoiding walks are studied on the 3-simplex fractal lattice as a model of linear polymer conformations in a dilute, nonhomogeneous solution. The model is supplemented with bending energies and attractive-interaction energies between nonconsecutively visited pairs of nearest-neighboring sites (contacts). It captures the main features of a semi-flexible polymer subjected to variable solvent conditions. A hierarchical structure of the fractal lattice enabled the determination of the exact recurrence equations for the generating function, through which universal and local properties of the model were studied. An analysis of the recurrence equations showed that for all finite values of the considered energies and nonzero temperatures, the polymer resides in an expanded phase. The critical exponents of the expanded phase are universal and the same as those for ordinary self-avoiding walks on the same lattice found earlier. As a measure of local properties, the mean number of contacts per mean number of steps as well as the persistence length, are calculated as functions of Boltzmann weights associated with bending energies and attractive interactions between contacts. Both quantities are monotonic functions of stiffness weights for fixed interaction, and in the limit of infinite stiffness, the number of contacts decreases to zero, while the persistence length increases unboundedly.
XV International Conference on Mathematics, Science and Technology Education
Authors: Kiv A E , Semerikov S O , Striuk A M , Osadchyi V V , Vakaliuk T A , Nechypurenko P P , Bondarenko O V , Mintii I S , Malchenko S L
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces the Proceedings of the XV International Conference on Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (ICon-MaSTEd 2023), which took place at the Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, from 17 to 19 May 2023. It provides background information and the organizational structure of the conference, as well as the structure of the proceedings. It also acknowledges the many people who contributed to the success of the conference.
The Wheel of Mathematics Learning Methods
Authors: Vlasenko K V , Lovianova I V , Chumak O O , Sitak I V , Kovalenko D A
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the creation of a wheel of mathematics learning methods. The study analyzed how Bloom’s taxonomy is used by the educational community. Special attention is paid to the study of the issue of bringing to a single system a set of disparate goals and tasks of learning in new models of education, which provide for the openness of learning to new technologies. Analysis of scientific works and resources helped to determine the structuring of the Wheel of Mathematics Learning Methods (WMLM). The authors of the article identified the areas of didactics that should fill the wheel: Competencies, Motivation, Bloom’s Taxonomy, Activities, and Technologies. A structured set of hints for the teacher is presented in the form of 5 sectors of the wheel: Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create, Remember Understand. Each sector is a set of constituent components Methods, Forms, Tools, Activities and Active Verbs. The analysis of the results of the survey of 58 respondents proved that Bloom’s taxonomy is important both in the selection of teaching methods and means and in the determination of effective forms of organization of educational activities. It was concluded that the idea of developing a methodology wheel should be based on the structuring of a set of tips for the teacher at all stages of activity from planning to implementation of mathematics education.
Interactive technology use during the study of the Universe
Authors: Malchenko S L , Poliarenko V S , Prykhozha Y O
Published: October 2023

The development of students’ key competences and their scientific worldview is one of the significant tasks of secondary education. Understanding of the Universe, its objects, structure and research methods is an important part of natural and mathematic worldview. Problem-based learning is a relevant form for develop critical thinking during the study of these topics in the course of astronomy. In the conditions of distant learning this can be realized with the help of interactive online platforms whereas practical tasks can be realized through the use of simulators, mobile and computer applications. This will contribute the development of students’ key competences and practical skills. This research offers to emphasize the Universe study and interactive technology use in order to develop research, information and digital competences as well as competences in natural sciences and technologies.
Analysis of the state of the art of modern e-learning in higher education in Germany
Authors: Osadcha K P , Osadchyi V V , Symonenko S V , Medynska S I
Published: October 2023

E-learning as a part of blended learning and a means for implementing distance learning, as well as an independent phenomenon of the modern information society, has been introduced and studied by researchers for several decades. In various countries, the relevance of e-learning and the use of e-learning tools in higher education have increased during the coronavirus pandemic. Different countries have their own approach and experience in using e-learning tools. Therefore, it is advisable to study it both for each country separately and in comparison. In the course of the research, the analysis of scientific publications on the topic of e-learning in higher education in Germany over the last 10 years has been made, which has shown certain changes in the interest in this issue of German scientists. The survey of students and teachers of the University of Konstanz (Germany) has been conducted regarding the use of e-learning tools and their attitude to e-learning. Despite the fact that the results of the analysis of the scientific works of German scientists show a drop in interest in e-learning problems in Germany and a slight rise during the coronavirus pandemic, the results of the survey indicate an unequivocal interest in e-learning tools of teachers. In general, it is possible to state the positive attitude on the part of teachers and uncertainty on the part of students.
Selection of pedagogical conditions for training STEM teachers to use augmented reality technologies in their work
Authors: Mintii M M , Sharmanova N M , Mankuta A O , Palchevska O S , Semerikov S O
Published: October 2023

The focus of the study is on choosing the pedagogical conditions that will best prepare STEM teachers to utilize augmented reality tools in their classrooms. 20 conditions were initially proposed during a brainstorming session and were then sorted into five groups: (1) conditions relating to the material support of the educational process, (2) methods and forms of training, (3) best practices for utilizing augmented reality in education, (4) unique circumstances made in order to achieve the goal of training STEM teachers; and (5) conditions relating to the psychological and pedagogical support of students. A survey was conducted with 94 participants to determine the importance of these conditions. The processing of the survey data allowed for the selection of the following conditions: (a) accessibility of immersive digital educational resources for STEM teachers and mobile hardware for augmented reality (laptops, tablets, smartphones, augmented reality glasses, etc.), (b) inclusion of augmented reality-related topics in STEM teachers’ curricula, (c) use of research methodologies and interactive technologies in the STEM classroom, (d) having hands-on experience with the use of augmented reality technologies in STEM instruction.
STEM education and personnel training: systematic review
Authors: Mintii M M
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on the generalization of foreign experiences in implementing STEM education and places particular emphasis on the areas of professional training for future teachers of STEM disciplines. By conducting bibliometric analyses of sources from Scopus (93 sources) and Web of Science (42 sources) scientometric databases, four clusters were identified using VOSviewer: 1) STEM education and training; 2) teacher training and primary education; 3) surveys on STEM education; and 4) e-learning and computational thinking in the training of future teachers of STEM disciplines. The research results demonstrate the importance and relevance of STEM education in various fields, and the leading role of the cluster “STEM education and training” has been determined based on the number and strength of links within the network of keyword links of sources on professional training of future STEM teachers. The discussion of the research findings highlights views on the prospects for STEM development in different countries. It is determined that: a) the professional training and social status of teachers are strategically important links in STEM education; b) teachers of “traditional” STEM disciplines (mathematics and natural sciences) require an increased level of knowledge in the field of information technology, particularly through the integration of programming as a component of STEM education; and c) social virtual reality platforms, hyperrealistic modeling, virtual laboratories, educational robotics, augmented, and mixed reality technologies are recommended to increase the motivation of pupils and students to study STEM disciplines.
Research on SOC estimation methods for power batteries
Authors: Liu Qian , Chen Gang
Published: October 2023

Accurate estimation of battery state of charge (SOC) can predict a car’s driving range, enabling drivers to select the optimal time for charging. However, the SOC estimation is challenging due to the high nonlinearity of various factors affecting SOC within the battery. This article estimates the real-time SOC value of hybrid electric vehicle power batteries using a neural network based on the temperature, current, internal resistance, voltage, and previous SOC of the battery. In addition, this article also used a genetic algorithm to optimize the BP neural network, effectively improving the prediction accuracy of SOC. The test results demonstrate that the optimized neural network achieved an estimation error of within 2%.