bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O pewnej krytyce kulturalizmu
Authors: Łukasiewicz Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

About a Certain Critique of CulturalismThis article presents the ideas coined by Wolfgang Maderthaner and Lutz Musner who diagnosed a‘‘crisis in cultural studies”. According to those authors, representing historical cultural studies, it is proved by meaningful absence of social aspects of culture. It was caused by the dominance of culturalism giving preference to the world of meaning, text, and picture. Therefore Maderthaner and Musner are sceptical about cultural turn and other turns. The Austrian academic duo, inspired by Pierre’a Bourdieu, demand social, economic and political aspects to undergo more detailed scrutiny while analyzing the realm of culture. Otherwise the cultural scientists risk becoming the prisoners of an “Ivory Tower” or being subordinated to the dominant economic power. It would be equal with “selfanihilation of reason”, however, they are meant to use it in the best and most useful way.
Mądrość smaku i smak mądrości. Od filozofii jedzenia do filozofowania jedzeniem
Authors: Perullo Nicola
Published: March 2020

Mądrość smaku i smak mądrości. Od filozofii jedzenia do filozofowania jedzeniem

W  niniejszym artykule na podstawie przeglądu moich dotychczasowych poszukiwań w  zakresie filozofii jedzenia i  estetyki gastronomii przedstawiam nową teorię smaku podniebiennego. Wykazawszy bliskie powiązania między jedzeniem a  filozofią w  moich wcześniejszych pracach, zająłem się następnie estetyką smakowania, wykorzystując sformułowane przez Deweya pojęcie doświadczenia oraz multisensoryczne i  ekologiczne podejście do percepcji zaproponowane przez J.J. Gibsona. W  moich najnowszych badaniach skupiam się na wypracowaniu koncepcji percepcji haptycznej, która przeciwstawia się optycznemu modelowi smaku i  smakowania. „Haptyczność” w  moim ujęciu to perceptualne zaangażowanie stanowiące część procesu doświadczania jedzenia. Proponuję odejście od idei „dobrego smaku” stanowiącego wyszkoloną i  nabytą umiejętność smakowania rozumianego jako zadanie oraz zastąpienie jej koncepcją smaku jako nieustannego, praktycznego dostrajania się do środowiska, do którego kształtowania aktywnie się przyczyniamy. Ponieważ większość moich badań dotyczy wina, opisuję takie podejście do smaku i  smakowania za pomocą ukutego przeze mnie neologizmu „epistenologia”.

 

The wisdom of taste and the taste of wisdom: From philosophy of food to philosophy with food

In this essay I propose a new theory of gustatory taste, retracing my research as a philosopher of food and aesthetician of gastronomy. After having solidified the connection between food and philosophy in my early works, I moved towards an aesthetic of gustation based on the notion of experience in a deweyan sense and on the multisensorial and ecological approach to perception as proposed by J.J. Gibson. In my latest works, I am concerned with the developing of the idea of haptic perception, in contrast with an optical approach to tastes and tasting. With “haptics” I mean a perceptual engagement deeply involved in the processes of experiencing food. I suggest we should turn from the idea of “good taste” as the result of trained and acquired skills to taste as a task, to mean the practical and continuous attuning with the environment we actively contribute to shape. As most of my research is based on wine case, I coined the word “epistoenology” to describe such approach to taste and tasting.
Wzniosłe i cielesne pożywienie w sztuce jedzenia i nie-jedzenia
Authors: Dobrowolski Robert
Published: March 2020

Wzniosłe i cielesne pożywienie w sztuce jedzenia i nie-jedzeniaPrzenikające współczesną sztukę rozmaite, często przeciwstawne, strategie estetyczne manifestują się w  kulinarnym artyzmie nowoczesnej kuchni, a  także w  zmieniających się pod jej wpływem postawach i  zwyczajach żywieniowych. Z  jednej strony — abiektualizacyjny porządek dadaistycznej dezynwoltury, perwersyjna obrona przed całkowitym nihilizmem, w  perwersyjny sposób dekonstruuje estetykę jedzenia w  kuchni fusion; z  drugiej — zupełnie odmienna i  szczególnie zaskakująca w  wypadku sztuki jedzenia, charakterystyczna dla kuchni molekularnej, estetyka wzniosłości, zbliżająca się niekiedy do anorektycznej awersji wobec ciała, ale też nigdy nieporzucająca perspektywy smaku i  związanej z  nią zmysłowej przyjemności. The sublime and carnal food in the art of eating and not eatingVarious aesthetic strategies present in modern art, often contradictory, are not only manifested in culinary art of modern cuisine, but also in changing dietary attitudes and habits. On the one hand — abject order of dadaistic unceremoniousness, defense against complete nihilism, perversely deconstructs the food aesthetics in fusion cuisine; on the other hand — completely surprising in the context of food art, characteristic of molecular cuisine, aesthetics of sublime acquires sometimes anorectic aversion to the body, but never abandons the taste and connected with it sensual pleasure.
Dlaczego jedzenie musi być piękne?
Authors: Zagrodzka Dominika
Published: March 2020

Dlaczego jedzenie musi być piękne?W  artykule omawiam problem estetyzacji jedzenia. Analizuję dwudziestojednowieczne manifesty napisane przez szefów kuchni, takie jak Open Letter to the Chefs of Tomorrow i  Statement on the ʻnew cookeryʼ. Szczególnie interesuje mnie język, jakiego używają, mówiąc o  jedzeniu i  gotowaniu. Często jest on podobny do języka używanego do opisu sztuki i  procesu twórczego. Przykładowo, jednym z  najpopularniejszych terminów jest termin „interpretacja”, dotyczący zarówno działań kucharzy, jak i  jedzących. Podkreśla się, że akt jedzenia powinien być całościowym doświadczeniem i  dostarczać emocji zarezerwowanych dla sztuki. Czy rzeczywiście możemy mówić o  podobieństwie jedzenia do dzieła sztuki i  gotowania do tworzenia? Odwołując się między innymi do rezultatów wstępnych badań, jakie prowadziłam, chcę pokazać, jak koncepcja estetyzacji codzienności Wolfganga Welscha koresponduje z  ideą Georga Simmla o  estetycznej sile wspólnego stołu. Okazuje się, że chodzi nie tylko o  podawanie pięknych dań. Aby osiągnąć satysfakcję estetyczną z  posiłku, szczególnie ważne jest, z  kim i  w  jakim otoczeniu jemy. Wspólnota jest czymś nadbudowanym nad jednostkową satysfakcją. Roland Barthes zaznaczał także, że reguły i  zakazy obowiązujące podczas jedzenia zostały stworzone, aby ukryć erotyczny, indywidualny aspekt jedzenia. Why food must be beautiful?In my article I discuss the problem of the anesthetization of food. I analyzed the 21st century manifestos written by the chefs, including Open Letter to the Chefs of Tomorrow and Statement on the »new cookery«. I am particularly interested in the language they use talking about food and cooking. It is often similar to the language which is used to describe the work of art and the creative process. For example, the most popular term is ‘interpretation’ concerning the activities of cooks and eaters. It is emphasized that the act of eating is supposed to be holistic experience and should provide feelings reserved for art. But how much can you actually talk about the similarity of food to the pieces of art and about the similarity of cooking to creating something? Referring to the results of the preliminary research that I conducted, I want to show how to combine Wolfgang Welsch’s concepts about everyday aesthetisation and Georg Simmel’s ideas about the aesthetic power of a community table. It turns out that it is not just about to serve beautiful plates. To be satisfied with the meal it is also important who we eat with and in what setting. The community is something appearing over the individual satisfaction. Roland Barthes admitted that the rules and prohibitions are designed also to cover the erotic aspects of feasting.
„Kadzidła i miętówki”. Orientalizm a psychodeliczne okładki płytowe w drugiej połowie lat sześćdziesiątych XX wieku
Authors: Kaźmierczak Joanna
Published: March 2020

“Incense and peppermints”. Orientalism and psychedelic album covers in the second half of the 1960sThe article focuses on three intertwining subjects: 1 psychedelic culture of the 1960s, 2 orientalism in culture and 3 album cover art. Its most important goal is to support the process of inclusion to the discussion about the orientalist phenomenon in popular music in the 60s the problematics of the design of album covers, which had been rarely taken into consideration in such context up to this day. Secondly, regarding the fact that the narration on the reflection about the album cover art of that decade tends to focus almost entirely on the artworks related to very few musical groups — most importantly The Beatles — another aim of this article is to point to the wider range of artists, who experimented with orientalist motives both in their music and in their professional image. Psychedelia can be seen in such context as an artistic current which produced the most fertile and culturally most significant fusion between orientalism and popular music in the 1960s. As the examples of this process, the album covers of such artists as The Byrds, Curved Air, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, The Moody Blues, The Rolling Stones or The Strawberry Alarm Clock, et al., are being named. The formal and contextual analysis of the presented spectrum of album covers here narrowed down solely to American and British editions rests upon the definition of psychedelic art as an artistic action inspired by the aesthetic components of psychedelic experience, rather than occurring under the direct influence of a psychedelic drug.
Misja na Księżyc. Filmowe obrazy wielkiego skoku ludzkości
Authors: Junke Dawid
Published: March 2020

Mission to the Moon: Cinematic portrayals of the giant leap of mankindThe article analyzes the portrayals of the trip to the Moon in the following motion pictures: Le Voyage dans la Lune dir. Georges Méliès, 1902, Apollo 13 dir. Ron Howard, 1995, Opération Lune dir. William Karell, 2002 and First Man dir. Damien Chazelle, 2018. The author addresses the changes in the symbolic dimension of the cinematic portrayals of Moon conquest as well as the visual representation of those changes. The principal focus of the article is on the special place of the Moon conquest within American mythology and recent attempts at both restitution and demy­thologization of this particular myth.
Czy możliwe jest kulturoznawstwo aktywistyczne? Partycypacja w perspektywie filozofii praxis
Authors: Skórzyńska Agata
Published: March 2020

Is methodological activism in culturalstudies possible? Participation inthe perspective of the philosophy of praxisThe main aim of the paper is to refine and highlight one of the topics of this book, which is the overlap of several different understandings of cultural participation: 1 based on cultural theories and traditional, continental cultural studies discourses, where participation was usually understood as acontribution of the subject to the collective systems of beliefs; 2 based on the “critical theories” of culture, British cultural studies, political philosophy and critique or art theory and practice, where the term participation is often used to explain agrassroot, bottom-up activity, civic participation and acontribution of individuals and groups to public domain, 3 based on the political philosophy and the political practice, 4 based on contemporary theory and critique of art practices, empirical social research of cultural participation. All of these understandings have a lot in common, they are negotiable as well. What differentiates them, possibly, is the concept of social/cultural change which they involve. However, the concept of relation between action, knowledge and beliefs which they assume is far more important. The theoretical perspective, which in my opinion can serve as a way to negotiate these approaches, is modern philosophy of praxis and contemporary theories of social practice. I discuss whether there is apossibility to integrate these discourses in the model of activist research for Polish cultural studies in the context of increasingly intensifying debates around the performativity of cultural research and the need to “came back to the rough ground” of social practice.
Lemury na Madagaskarze. Ku performatyce posthumanistycznej
Authors: Kocur Mirosław
Published: March 2020

Lemurs on Madagascar: Towards posthuman performance studiesThis paper, based on the five-weeks fieldwork on the great island of Madagascar, proposes to look at endemic prosimians as case studies of posthuman performers. It analyses performances of aye-aye, indri, sifaka, ring-tailed, black and brown lemurs.
Przyczynek do poszukiwań performatyki we współczesnych praktykach politycznych
Authors: Furtak-Masica Dorota
Published: March 2020

Contribution on the study performance of contemporary political practices. Analysis of selected examples According to Jon McKenzi almost every aspect of human life today is driven by a pressure to perform. It is, therefore, understandable, why both past and current political practices are analysed using the tools offered by performativity. Performativity, however, has never been considered a homogeneous field. This is why I will present the reasons I decided to choose the current of it that exposes the theatrical genealogy of contemporary cultural and organisational performances theatrimogeneous field. This is why I will present the reasons I decided to choose the current of it that cality of politics was discussed by Bertolt Brecht. I truly believe that research tools offered by this current will create an optimal opportunity to describe strategies presently used in both politics and the political which is Chantal Moufee’s conception. It is my intention to apply the initial theoretical concepts to particular examples of political practices in Poland.
Motywy sportowe w polskiej sztuce międzywojennej — rekonesans
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Michał
Published: March 2020

Sports Motifs in Interwar Polish Art — a ReconnaissanceSport is an important cultural phenomenon permeating many spheres of human activity. It has a great strength of influence and is constantly present in art and literature, also in Poland. Artists, especially the ones being lovers of sport, have always been fascinated with the potential existing in different kinds of games. After regaining independence in 1918, physical activity enjoyed great popularity in the awaken­ing Polish state. Sport was seen as achance of broadly understood renaissance of the nation; in addi­tion, its role in preparing the army to fight in the times of still real threats was appreciated. A positive influence of sport on youth was also seen. It also entered the world of art. The aim of this paper is to present Polish artists inspired by sport, also including laureates of the Art Competitions at the Summer Olympics, like for example poet Kazimierz Wierzyński, painter Władysław Skoczylas or sculptor Józef Klukowski. The author analyses both their motivations and the artistic output. The examination is preceded by an introduction showing the beginnings of Polish art inspired by sport and entertainment, whose elements one will find for example in the case of Leon Wyczółkowski or Wojciech Kossak, as well as the beginnings of sports literature. The history of the presence of sport in Polish art and literature is quite rich. The research enquired exploration of the history of Polish antebellum sport, looking over the works of artists interested in sport, as well as familiarising oneself with numerous publications devoted to this phenomenon.
Неземні тварини у слов’янській науковій фантастиці
Authors: Ajdačić Dejan
Published: March 2020

Extraterrestrial animals in Slavic science fiction literatureThis paper analyzes the modes of presentation of extraterrestrial animals in science fiction literature by Russian, Ukrainian, Polish and Bulgarian authors in the period 1923–1997. Linguistic analyses of the naming of extraterrestrial animals in SF novels and stories, use of grotesque and humor indicates stylistic characteristics  of the authors. Differences between terrestrial and extraterrestrial animal species reflects the views of writers about biological evolution. Relationship between men and animals from other worlds depends on the communication possibilities and options, and the desire to subjugate, examine or tame others.
SMOK to nie smok. Legendy polskie w XXI w.
Authors: Kaczor Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

DRAGON is not a  dragon. Polish legends in the 21st centuryThe subject of the article is the presentation of the project “Legends of Poland”, indicating the reinterpretation strategies used by its creators. The subject of the analysis are the works by Robert M. Wegner and Tomasz Baginski — the story Milczenie owcy The Silence of a  Lamb and its film adaptation SMOK DRAGON. Their authors reinterpreted the most famous Polish legend about the Wawel dragon in a  science fiction convention, thus pointing to the potential of famous stories that can be used to create whole universes.
Wierzenia z perspektywy estetyki japońskiej. Mushishi Yuki Urushibary
Authors: Dmitruk Natalia
Published: March 2020

Religious beliefs from the perspectiveb of Japanese aesthetics: Mushishi by Yuki UrushibaraThe Japanese culture is often portrayed as unique, in particular when compared to broadly-understood Western culture. It is important to notice, however, that the main trait of the Japanese culture is its openness towards outside influences and the ability to modify them to fit better with the Japanese system of values. The same could be applied to the Japanese aesthetics, which concernsm various aspects of life, not only the ones that would be described as art in Western culture. The contemporary Japanese culture and the aesthetics along with it is occasionally a  combination of tradition and modern ideas; the works of popular culture, which includes comics and animation, may hold the most interesting cases in that regard. This article describes the issues of the Japanese aesthetics in Mushishi, a  comic book by Yuki Urushibara. The author, while inspired by the classical works of Japanese literature and legendary tales, presents her own stories, in which the primary aesthetic value is the harmony between human and nature, sometimes represented by the supernatural beings known as mushi.
Emotional investments: Contemporary Polish romantic comedy and neoliberalism
Authors: Ostrowska [UAlberta] Elżbieta
Published: March 2020

Emotional investments: Contemporary Polish romantic comedy and neoliberalismThe author of the article argues that neoliberalism, along with its attendant economic and social ideas, has affected romantic comedy’s politics of emotion and consequently its narrative and formal strategies. The article analyzes two recent romantic comedies, Nigdy w życiu Never Again in My Life, dir. Ryszard Zatorski, 2004 and Listy do M. Letters to Santa, dir. Mitja Okorn, 2011 as exemplifying neoliberal “adjustments” of Polish romantic comedy, specifically employing the conventions typical of family movies. The author claims that generic hybridity of Polish romantic comedy is facilitated by the central position of family in the Polish socio-cultural discourse, whereas simultaneously the use of family-movie conventions serves the purpose of enlarging the target audience and, thus, maximizing the financial return. As Never Again in My Life and Letters to Santa demonstrate, proper management of individual emotions is necessary in order to invest one’s human capital with a low risk. Hence, instead of a union of two people leading to the emergence of a nuclear family, neoliberal romance comes into fruition in a corporation-like environment.
Pierwsze napisane po polsku teksty poświęcone matematyce a współczesne piśmiennictwo dydaktyczne. Strategie komunikacyjne w dyskursie edukacyjnym
Authors: Biniewicz Jerzy
Published: March 2020

The first texts ever written in Polish devoted to mathematics and contemporary educational textbooks. Communication strategies in educational discourseIn the first part of the article, the author considers the relationships between the essential concepts in the contemporary discourse in linguistics: discourse, text and types of speech. In the second part his considerations are focused on the structure and language of Grzepski’s Geometry and Kłos’s Algorithmus as compared to contemporary Polish textbooks. The analysis of the sixteenth-century treatises on mathematics leads to the conclusion that the contract between the author of the treaty and his recipients plays the fundamental role in the process of creation of the Polish textbooks. The above-mentioned relation determines the morphology of the text, the image of the world presented in the narrative as well as linguistic and non-linguistic means of expression. The author concludes that the genre of Polish textbooks on mathematics as such was born in the sixteenth century.
Czyś ty z księżyca spadł? O wyrażaniu zdziwienia w języku uczniów
Authors: Pachowicz Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Czyś ty zksiężyca spadł? — the expressions of amazement in student languageThe article focuses on the issue of expressiveness of the students’ language and, in particular, on the ways in which they signal amazement. Amazement is atype of emotion that constitutes areaction to something unexpected, surprising, unforeseeable, unknown and shocking. Positive and negative emotions of students are primarily connected with school as an educational institution and, for example, grades, tests and quizzes. Expressiveness is the basic feature of the language of students who attended schools not only at the beginning of the 21st century, but also in the 20th century. This is visible in dictionaries of student jargon published in this and the previous century. In student language amazement is visible in language resources that either refer to the nonverbal means of expression or to the verbal reaction. In consequence, such expression of amazement involves different means of exposition of this emotion: 1 as averbal expression of the nonverbal emotion, 2 as averbal reaction to somebody/something unexpected and shocking.
Propaganda as a weapon and a tool of totalitarian power: The image of the concept in the common discourse of the war and occupation years 1939–1945
Authors: Poprawa Marcin
Published: March 2020

Propaganda as a weapon and a tool of totalitarian power: The image of the concept in the common discourse of the war and occupation years 1939–1945The author of the article describes the ways of conceptualizing Nazi totalitarian propaganda during the Second World War 1939–1945 in occupied Poland. This totalitarian discourse created many defense mechanisms on the level of colloquial knowledge, humor directed against the occupant, and was the object of counter-propaganda activities conducted by Polish underground organizations. This article describes a fragment of the “anti-totalitarian discourse” that emerges from the diaries and journals of the period described.
Kobieta w tradycyjnych przysłowiach i powiedzeniach angielskich i polskich
Authors: Cegiełka Anna
Published: March 2020

The linguistic view of woman in English and Polish proverbsThe aim of this paper is to present the linguistic view of woman in English and Polish proverbs. According to philosophers and linguists whose ideas shaped the concept of the linguistic worldview and cognitive definition, the language we use provides us with a specific interpretation of the world. Cognitive definitions should account for the way language users perceive particular phenomena. This article looks at connotative features encoded in English and Polish proverbs about women, which are sets of implicit judgments that build the linguistic stereotype of woman. The analysis of the material shows that the linguistic stereotypes of woman in English and Polish proverbs are to a great extent similar and predominantly negative. Yet, there are language specific differences concerning the overall attitude towards women, as well as relative salience of particular features.
Łaciński językowo-kulturowy obraz DOMU wybrane aspekty
Authors: Burzyńska-Kamieniecka Anna , Kamieniecki Jan
Published: March 2020

The Latin lingual and cultural image of HOME selected aspectsThe authors of the article use research tools typical of cognitive ethnolinguistics in order to reconstruct the Latin lingual and cultural image of HOME domus romana. As a material base, they use predominantly the following language data: system-based etymology and different meanings ascribed to the Latin lexeme domus, synonyms and antonyms, collocations, etc. and text-based texts that are examples of the artistic and professional discourse. On the basis of the analysis carried out they separate the basic dimensions of the Roman HOME conceptualization, such as: physical home as a place, structure, social familia romana, functional and cultural whose common ground is the idea of residence. Bearing in mind the complexity of the gathered language material the authors separate the following base profiles for the representation of HOME: material home as a structure, patriarchal home as a family seat, institutional home as a seat for public institutions, and finally cultural axiological and sacred — home as a treasury with values and a place of religious adoration. Understanding of the concept of HOME in ancient times described in this article allows the authors to portray the conceptualization of this phenomenon as a multidimensional reality relating to various aspects of ancient Romans’ lives.
O fałszywej świadomości językowej i językoznawczej w podręcznikach do języka polskiego z początku XXI wieku
Authors: Bakuła Kordian
Published: March 2020

On false language awareness and linguistic awareness in Polish language textbooks from the early 21st centuryMost Polish language textbooks correctly shape language concepts and language awareness in general. However, the author has found various errors in them. In the article he adopts a hypothesis whereby the errors are the reason why sometimes distorted, even false awareness of various aspects of language emerges as the Polish language is taught. To describe this phenomenon, he uses two main concepts: false language awareness and false linguistic awareness. He examines more than ten textbooks and exercise books used in three stages of the education process: years 4–6 of primary school, secondary school as well as high school and technical college.
Pojetí literární výchovy v kurikulu české základní školy druhé poloviny dvacátého století
Authors: Zítková Jitka
Published: March 2020

Conception of literary education in Czech curriculumfor primary school in the second half of the 20th centuryThe article has a historical and comparative character. It is concerned with the conception of literary education as a part of the Czech language as a school subject in the primary school curriculum. The author pays attention mainly to the period of the second half of the 20th century but she takes account of the previous and the present curriculum, too. The aims, content and methods of literary education in the curriculum are studied separately in each period of its development there. The main tendencies in their conception are defined. A few concepts are described as tendencies to stability, e.g. the presence of customary aims, the presence of three basic sections of content without their further inner hierarchy, and the presence of methodical crux within the direct work with texts. As one of the most distinct changes and movements, we can classify the decrease and then expire of ideological stress on the curriculum, making terminology more and more accurate but without needful definitions and shortening of newer curriculum. The changes of curriculum have always reflected both the social and political transformations and their results.
Analiza opisów przedmiotu, postaci i krajobrazu napisanych przez uczniów klas IV–VI szkoły podstawowej
Authors: Mariowska Marta
Published: March 2020

An analysis of descriptions of objects, human figures and landscapes by pupils from form 4–6 of primary schoolIn the article the author analyses three kinds of descriptions created during Polish language classes in forms 4–6 — description of an object, of a human figure and of a landscape. She explores the structure of the pupils’ texts, taking into account, first of all, the order of description elements and the level of detail. Her analysis demonstrates that achieving the right level of detail is difficult for pupils and depends to a large extent on how instructions are formulated and whether the pupils can see they object they are describing. When it comes to the order of description elements, the most frequently used arrangement is hierarchical, complemented by an arrangement best suited to the ob­ject being described, e.g. vertical for a description of a human figure or horizontal for a description of a landscape. The author’s research confirms that the ability to create such texts require practice and in-depth analysis of one’s surroundings.
O pytaniach podczas rozmowy maturalnej z języka polskiego
Authors: Tabisz Anna
Published: March 2020

“Now, let us move to our conversation — please name characteristics of a parable”. On questions students are asked during their high school oral leaving exam in PolishIn the article I present the results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 149 questions asked by teachers during 30 high school oral leaving exams in Polish. In this I use the classification formulated by Elizabeth Perrott, who, taking into account Benjamin Bloom’s “taxonomy of educational objectives”, has proposed a division of the questions by the type of thinking process launched during answering, distinguishing lower-level questions recall, understanding, application and higher-level questions analysis, synthesis and evaluation.The article consists of two main parts. In part one I present the category of question from pragmatic, grammatical and didactic perspectives; in part two I discuss the results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the question, which unequivocally demonstrates that examiners overuse lower-level questions over 70 percent in the studied material.
12th Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Proverbs, 4–11 November 2018, Tavira, Portugal
Authors: Zimonyi-Kalinina Irina
Published: March 2020

12th Interdisciplinary Co lloquium on Proverbs, 4–11 November 2018, Tavira, PortugalThe city of Tavira Portugal, possessing the proud title of the world capital of proverbs, in 2018 hosted the 12th Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Proverbs of the International Association of Paremiology AIP-IAP. The high level of the Colloquium is guaranteed by the multiannual participation of such renowned academics as Wolfgang Mieder USA and František Čermák Czech Republic. The thematic set-up of the 2018 Colloquium moved from “interdisciplinary” to paremiological. Most of the papers analyzed strictly paremiological subjects e.g. the role of grammatic gender in proverbs, the Matti Kuusi International type system, basic English proverbs, and a smaller but no less valuable part was dedicated to the general role of proverbs in literature and society legal application of proverbs, proverbs and education, etc.. Traditionally, the Portuguese linguistic and cultural input was significant.
Inspektor nadzoru inwestorskiego jako uczestnik procesu budowlanego
Authors: Jaworski Bartłomiej
Published: March 2020

An inspector of investing supervision as a participant of the building processIn literature, it is difficult to find a complete analysis of the legal nature of the investor’s supervision. Following the trend of implementation of construction projects in Poland for ever greater complexity and our growing concern for the environment, proper analysis of the investor’s supervision institutions seems to be helpful for the legal establishment and implementation of this supervision. To get analyzed legal institution, should be thoroughly characterize the rights and obligations of the investor’s supervision inspector — an entity exercising supervisory functions implemented during the construction process. Look to be both that which gives him the Act — Construction Law representing about public character of performed duties, and also due to the contracticity of his supervision concluded between it and an investor of civil contracts, which can be modified to some extent his statutory supervisory functions. Investor’s supervision is an institution that requires legal interpretation, carried out with extreme accuracy, caused the undisputed role that can be attributed to the investor’s supervision inspector, to comply with the regulations and technical knowledge of the process of construction. Only her understanding of guarantees to avoid the negative consequences resulting from misapplication of the law in this regard.
Jerzy Chodorowski — teoretyk ekonomii i historyk myśli ekonomicznej
Authors: Korbutowicz Teresa
Published: March 2020

Jerzy Chodorowski — economics theorist and historian of economic thoughtJerzy Chodorowski was ascientist dealing with the issues of theory of economics, economic doctrines, European economic integration and methodology of economics. He left rich scientific achievements: monographs, numerous articles, translations of economic texts and essays by G.K. Chesterton as well as reviews of the works in the field of economics, history and philosophy, business ethics and the doctrine of the German economy of agreat area. J. Chodorowski featured extraordinary diligence, honesty and scientific inquisitiveness.
Własność w ujęciu konstytucyjnym
Authors: Ziobrowska Justyna
Published: March 2020

Ownership in a constitutional viewProperty is a function of an international economic, political and social relations development. It is a crucial aspect of the given economic reign. This article’s goal is to present property in a scope of constitution. The author begins her analysis of the issue with the look at the constitutions of the interwar period, later at the constitution of 1952 and until the current understanding in the constitution of 1997. The presented problem concerns the multiformity of property, of which the ways of recognition types, forms were changing in certain periods.
Zadania wykonywane przez gminę w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i w Kraju Związkowym Brandenburgia
Authors: Behr Jolanta
Published: March 2020

Tasks performed by municipalities in the Republic of Poland and in the Brandenburg LandImplementation of public administration is the aim of local government activity, so the local government’s tasks are the quintessential of local government. Municipal is the base of local government. It regulates all local affairs on their own responsibility, within the limits prescribed by the laws. It also performs other delegated tasks. The aim of the following work is to explain the concept of municipal tasks and analyze comparability range of its concept in the Republic of Poland and in the Brandenburg Land. The second subject of this article is analyzing the types of tasks performing by municipalities in aforementioned legal systems.
Źródła finansowania ochrony zdrowia w Polsce i w Wielkiej Brytanii
Authors: Lenio Paweł
Published: March 2020

The sources of the health system funding in Poland and Great BritainThe subject of this paper are sources of healthcare financing in Poland and Great Britain. Healthcare system in Great Britain is based on the local government units and it is financed by the budgets of these units. Health insurance contribution does not exist in Great Britain. The financing model currently in place is based primarily on the proceeds of the National Health Fund which are ensured through collection of health insurance contributions. Public sources of healthcare financing also include the state budget and the budgets of local government units. Author have identified differences and similarities in the examined healthcare financing systems and sources. This paper also includes conclusions with a view of the future law in Poland.
Czy na pewno martwa instytucja? Staropolskie i austriackie pactum advitalitium w perspektywie współczesnej
Authors: Bokwa Krzysztof , Jarosz Iwo
Published: March 2020

An already defunct institution? Old-Polish and Austrian pactum advitalitium in a contemporary perspectivePactum advitalitium was an early Polish legal institution established through a marital agreement. It was a form of annuity by means of which spouses established a right of usufruct of the entirety of an estate, effective upon the passing of one spouse and existing for the lifetime of the beneficiary. The practical purpose thereof was to secure the material well-being of a widowed spouse, usually the wife, given not only that the legal system did not provide for commune marital property, as well as that there was no statutory spousal succession. Later, after the partitions of Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, the institution discussed herein was adopted by Austrian law and regulated in the newly enacted Austrian Civil Code ABGB, with slight modifications enabling i.a. to encumber not only the whole estate or a part thereof, but also several assets of a future estate. Thus advitalitium had become available within the vast Austrian Empire, yet it did not gain a wide recognition among the nations of the Monarchy, remaining an infrequently used institution, which led to its repeal in 21st century. The very legal character of pactum advitalitium was and is still controversial, leading the academia to suggest multiple explanations of its nature, often varying significantly dependent on the subject of advitalitium in a specific case the entirety of an estate or a part thereof or several assets. The authors aim to examine the origins and history of advitalitium regulation in early Polish and Austrian law in their historical context, later to recount the doctrinal concepts explaining its character. To pursue both there aims, historical and formal-dogmatic methods are employed. The authors then move on to discuss the possibility of reaching results identical or just similar to ones achieved by means of an advitalitium in modern Polish law, applying the formal-dogmatic method, to show that not only no comparable institution exists in Polish law nowadays but, moreover, that similar results cannot be achieved by applying instruments known to Polish law. Such analysis enables the authors to arrive at conclusions regarding the possible application of advitalitium as an instrument of estate planning in the context of modern family relationships, which could lead to the rediscovery thereof in modern legal systems.
Charakterystyka modeli zachowań konsumpcyjnych seniorów na rynku kultury
Authors: Januszewska Małgorzata J.
Published: March 2020

Characteristics of senior consumer behavior models on the culture marketThe article raises the issue of elderly people’s behavior in a cultural goods and services market. Its purpose is to characterize these behaviors as well as organize them in a systematic way. This will serve to complement the research gap that can be observed in studies related to the cultural market. To achieve the indicated results, the analysis of secondary data was used. Analysis was used to determine the criteria for belonging to the group being researched and to determine the importance of the issues discussed. In further stages, this analysis was used to distinguish the most accurate, according to the author, taxonomies of consumers on the examined market. Then, non-targeted interviews and individual in-depth interviews were conducted, in order to confirm the usefulness of the application of a given systematic approach and to assign specific cultural behaviors to it. The result of the conducted research is explanation the mechanism of how the cultural need arises. This is an important element due to the frequent attempts to influence the demand on the market with price mechanisms by producers or management such as Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Next, based on the results of free-form interviews and analyzed typologies, a typology of consumer groups on the cultural market was created along with behavior typical for them.
Kierunki polityki UE w zakresie opieki zdrowotnej związanej ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa
Authors: Regiec Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

EU health care policy objectives in connection with the society growing olderEuropean Union’s society is aging, which generates the increase in needs regarding health care and its financial repercussions. In order to meet economic needs increased by ageing population, the Health for Growth Programme was commenced. Moreover Horizon 2020, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, will focus on, amongst societal challenges, health, demographic change and well-being. One of the other milestones for European health care was entering into force the Directive on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare.
New prospectus regime: A critical analysis of chosen key changes
Authors: Chyla Łukasz
Published: March 2020

The 2015 Impact Assessment Working Document evaluation has identified numerous issues which seemed to hinder the efficiency of the EU capital markets. To address those issues, the new prospectus regime was introduced by the Prospectus Regulation PR EU 2017/1129, which replaced the previous Prospectus Directive and will be directly binding and fully applicable in all EU Member States from 21 July 2019. The main aim of the PR is to ensure investor protection and market efficiency while enhancing the internal EU market for capital. In order to achieve this goal, Regulation 2017/1129 introduces a number of significant changes, in particular the form of regulation, the scope of the prospectus regime, and exemption thresholds from the prospectus obligation. It also introduces new institutions e.g. the universal registration document and completely new types of prospectuses EU growth prospectus, prospectus for secondary issuances under the proportionate disclosure regime. The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the chosen changes introduced by the new prospectus law. Nowe prawo prospektowe: analiza krytyczna wybranych istotnych zmianDokument roboczy Służb Komisji Europejskiej z 2015 roku wskazał wiele problemów utrudniających efektywność rynków kapitałowych UE. W celu poprawy sytuacji wprowadzono nowe prawo prospektowe, zastępując wcześniejszą dyrektywę prospektową rozporządzeniem prospektowym UE 2017/1129. Rozporządzenie będzie bezpośrednio wiążące we wszystkich państwach członkowskich UE od dnia 21 lipca 2019 roku. Jego zadaniem jest zapewnienie ochrony inwestorów i poprawa efektywności rynków a także wzmocnienie wewnętrznego rynku kapitałowego UE. W tym celu rozporządzenie wprowadza szereg istotnych zmian, w szczególności dotyczących formy regulacji, zakresu obowiązywania czy progów zwolnienia z obowiązku publikowania prospektu emisyjnego. Wprowadza również nowe instytucje np. uniwersalny dokument rejestracyjny i zupełnie nowe rodzaje prospektów emisyjnych prospekt emisyjny UE, prospekt emisyjny dla emisji wtórnych w ramach proporcjonalnego systemu obowiązków informacyjnych. Celem tego artykułu jest analiza i ocena wybranych zmian wprowadzonych przez nowe prawo prospektowe.
Aspekty procesowe nałożenia przez Prezesa Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki kary pieniężnej. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Hyżorek Aleksander
Published: March 2020

W artykule dokonano analizy aspektów procesowych nałożenia przez Prezesa Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki kar pieniężnych, z uwzględnieniem postępowania odwoławczego od wydanych przez niego decyzji oraz postanowień. Wskazano na aktualne regulacje dotyczące przedstawionej materii oraz zaproponowano zmiany legislacyjne, które ograniczałyby liczbę aktów normatywnych mających zastosowanie do prowadzonych przez Prezesa URE postępowań, korzystając z wprowadzonych do kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego administracyjnych kar pieniężnych.Wskazano także na przykłady nałożenia kary pieniężnej za niezastosowanie się do wprowadzonych ograniczeń w dostarczeniu i poborze energii elektrycznej oraz nieprzestrzeganiu obowiązków wynikających z koncesji. Przedstawiono również procedurę odwoławczą oraz wyjaśniono pojęcie postępowania hybrydowego.Procedural aspects of imposing financial penalties by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office. Selected issuesThe considerations of this article focus on the energy law sector, in particular, expenditure sanctions by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office. The article points to the current regulation related to the subject of fines in the energy sector and presented de lege ferenda postulates. The ratio legis of the proposed changes aimed at the unification of the proceedings before the President of the Energy Regulatory Office is also discussed. Reference is also made to the procedural aspects of the proceedings.
Legal and formal analysis of chosen provisions of Directive 2009/30/EC and of the Act of 25 August 2006 on the fuel quality monitoring and control system
Authors: Gadzicka Weronika
Published: March 2020

The Directive 2009/30/EC and the Polish Act on the fuel quality monitoring and control system imposes a duty on the entities fulfilling the National Reduction Target NRT to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to 6%. The reduction target of at least 6% can not be spread over the entire fuel market. It applies to every entity implementing the NRT separately. Member States, as well as the fuel market, are not responsible for not achieving the reduction target. This responsibility is limited to individual business entities implementing the NRT and concerns the fulfillment of the reduction target and the providing of the report on the implementation of the reduction target. It is necessary to carry out technical and economic analyses, the subject of which should be to answer the question of whether the entities realising the NRT are able to predict the potential amount of the fine that may be imposed on them based on art. 35c section 3 of the Act. Analiza prawna i formalna wybranych przepisów dyrektywy 2009/30/WE i ustawy z dnia 25 sierpnia 2006 roku o systemie monitorowania i kontroli jakości paliwDyrektywa 2009/30/WE oraz ustawa o systemie monitorowania i kontroli jakości paliw nakładają na podmioty spełniające Narodowy Cel Redukcyjny obowiązek obniżenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych do 6%. Cel redukcji wynoszący co najmniej 6% nie może być rozłożony na cały rynek paliw — dotyczy to każdego podmiotu wdrażającego NCR oddzielnie. Państwa członkowskie, jak też rynek paliw, nie ponoszą odpowiedzialności w wypadku nieosiągnięcia tegoż celu redukcyjnego. Odpowiedzialność ta jest ograniczona do poszczególnych podmiotów gospodarczych realizujących NCR i dotyczy realizacji celu redukcyjnego oraz dostarczenia sprawozdania z realizacji NCR. Konieczne jest przeprowadzenie analiz technicznych i ekonomicznych, których przedmiotem powinno być udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy podmioty realizujące NRT są w stanie przewidzieć potencjalną kwotę grzywny, jaka może zostać na nie nałożona na podstawie art. 35c ust. 3 ustawy.