bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient synthetic route, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Schiff base complexes
Authors: Sani Salihu , Tajo Siraj Ibrahim , Atiku Kurawa Mukhtar , Nadiah Abdul  Halim Siti
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. The synthesis of Schiff base compound derived from 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine via solvent-assisted mechanochemical synthesis in the presence of a small amount of dimethylformamide as liquid-assisted solvent was reported. The Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Schiff base complexes were synthesized and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, thermogrametric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and CHNS/O macro-analysis. According to infrared spectral analysis, a strong band in the spectra of Schiff base at 1617 cm-1 was assigned to the azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration. In the complexes, it shifted to lower frequency regions, indicating the formation of desired compounds. The DSC thermogram of Schiff base showed a single sharp peak at 158 oC, which is attributed to the melting or the phase transition. As revealed by TGA, the complexes were obtained as solid compounds containing some amounts of water molecules. The powder-XRD analysis showed that the patterns of the synthesized compounds were different from the starting materials, indicating that the starting constituents were changed into product. The antimicrobial activity results for selected bacteria and fungi revealed that complexes have higher activity than the Schiff base. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were found to be more effective against fungal isolates than those of bacteria.  

 

KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Solvent-assisted mechanochemistry, Azomethine, Complexes

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 801-813.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.7
Antimicrobial resistance status of selected bacteria isolated from animal source foods and feed in Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Belachew , Tilki Tamiru , Tefera Nardos , Bayene Zerihun , Belew Sileshi , Haftu Rigbe , Tolasa Fediko , Nuguse Yosef , Ararso Sinke , Getachew Daniel , Soyum Befikadu , Andualem Tenaw
Published: August 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of major food-borne pathogens has become an increasing public health problem worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to July 2021 in high-potential meat and dairy products and commercial animal feed supply chain areas of Ethiopia. The objectives of the study was assessing AMR profile of target bacterial pathogens isolated from animal sources foods (ASFs) and feed. A total of 642 ASFs and feed samples collected from selected sampling sites were examined at the microbiology laboratory of animal products, veterinary drugs, and feed quality assessment center. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) were conducted using an automated Vitek 2 XL compact system. Out of 642 investigated samples, 24 different genera and 59 species of bacteria were identified. A total of 185 samples were positive for target bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Species. The AST results showed AMR of target bacteria isolates against some of the tested antimicrobials. Of these, 83%, 55%, and 92% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Species, showed high level of AMR to Benzylpenicillin, Tetracycline, and Cefalexin/Gentamicin, respectively. The target bacteria isolated from ASFs and feed demonstrated multidrug resistance against some of the tested antimicrobials having public and veterinary importance. This reflects that ASFs and feed could serve as one of the sources for the spread and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens. Hence, there is a need for improving hygiene and sanitation practices along the ASFs and feed supply chains. Besides raising community awareness about the risks of AMR, emphasis on the rational use of antimicrobials in animal health practice and further investigations on AMR are recommended.
Epidemiology of camel contagious ecthyma and molecular detection of the pathogen in Arero district, Ethiopia
Authors: Diba Bareda , Gelalcha Benti Deresa , Ayele Birhanu , Adane Bedane
Published: August 2022

Even though camels (Camelus dromedarius) were traditionally believed to be resistant to most livestock diseases, research has demonstrated that they are susceptible to a large number of infectious agents. Based on the clinical appearance of typical lesions, camel contagious ecthyma (CCE), caused by a Parapoxvirus (PPV), is thought to be one of the most common viral diseases of camels in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 in the Arero district of Borena Zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to investigate the epidemiological aspect of CCE and molecularly identify the causative agent. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on B2L gene-specific primers of PPV was used for the confirmatory diagnosis of the CCE virus from the skin lesion of camels showing suspected clinical signs of CCE infection. Eighty-seven percent (87.0%) of camel owners reported the occurrence of CCE outbreaks in their herds in the past year (a year preceding the start of the study). The overall morbidity and mortality rates attributed to CCE were 20% (95% CI: 11– 36%) and 6.3% (95 % CI: 5.2 –7.6%), respectively. Younger camels had higher odds of becoming affected by CCE than adults [OR=3.44 (95 % CI: 2.29 –4.09)] and the difference was statistically significant. Confirmatory diagnosis of the suspected cases using conventional PCR generated the expected amplification product size of 1200bp for one of the samples. Therefore, the study confirms the presence and importance of CCE in Ethiopia and establishes the basis for further investigation.
Growing Pleurotus ostreatus (ex. Fr) Kummer Using Gamma Radiation in Southern Ghana and its Associated Pests
Authors: Marri D. , Osae M. Y. , Quansah L. , Kortei N. K.
Published: August 2022

Pests have been implicated in causing severe damage to food crops including mushrooms, thereby increasing the incidence of postharvest loss. This study investigated the various pests involved in the cultivation of gamma radiation aided cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus. Pests were isolated and identified by the procedure described by the Entomological Society of Canada. Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus was achieved by pre-treating composted sawdust substrates and spawn preparation with a gamma radiation dose of 15 kGy from a Cobalt 60 source (SLL 515, Hungary) at a dose rate of 1.7 kGyh-1 in air. A total of five pests were recorded while cropping, namely; Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly), Blatta germanica (cockroach), Archachatina marginata (giant snail), and Doratogonus meridionalis (millipede) and Cryptophlebia leucotreta (False codling moth). The predominant pest was Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (97%). Results recorded over four flush periods were 378g, 0.63, and 63% for Total yield, biological yield, Biological Efficiency (%), respectively. The average stipe length and pileus diameter were recorded and showed no statistical differences (p>0.05) observed in the different weeks. Other growth parameters (mushroom size, total number of primordia, total number of fruitbodies etc.) recorded showed some significant differences (p<0.05). Pests identified contributed to yield reduction and product quality.
Biogeography of snakes in Liberia: Review and synthesis of current knowledge
Authors: Senter P. J. , Chippaux J-P.
Published: August 2022

The Liberian Forest is a biodiversity hotspot. Detailed knowledge of biogeographical distributions of species could aid conservation efforts there, but such knowledge is sparse for reptiles through most of Liberia. To alleviate this, we present here a synthesis of current biogeographical knowledge of snakes in Liberia. To create the synthesis, we combined information gleaned from a literature search, unpublished records, and a personal communication. This synthesis expands the known ranges of many Liberian snake species and increases their number from 63 to 64 via a new record of Python regius. Our results show that most snake species in Liberia are known from both the coastal plain and the inland mountains. Our results also show that most locality records are from cultivated areas, with very few fully forested areas represented, and that locality records are lacking for large areas within Liberia. We, therefore, recommend that more fully forested areas be included in future biodiversity surveys and that they include localities within areas for which locality records are currently lacking. We further recommend that abundance within species be compared between forested and cultivated areas, to determine which species are put at risk by deforestation.
Incidence of Blood and Meat Spots in Eggs from a Commercial Poultry Farm
Authors: Amoah K. O. , Boateng M. , Atuahene P. Y. , Frimpong Y. O. , Okai D. B.
Published: August 2022

A study was conducted in two phases simultaneously in a commercial poultry farm to ascertain whether egg weight, temperature variation in pens, and proximity of birds to a noise source had an influence on the incidence of blood and meat spots in chicken eggs. Phase one involved the random sampling of 60 eggs per week for 15 weeks, making a total of 900 eggs from the pens of a 50-week-old layer strain. Phase two determined the effect of noise from a 3.3 kW electrical gasoline generator on the incidence of blood and meat spots. It lasted for 14 weeks and involved the random sampling of 10 eggs per week directly from two pens (i.e., A & D). Pen A and D were 4.7 m and 68 m away from the noise source respectively. A Chi-square test was conducted to establish the relationship between the parameters, whilst a Cramer’s V test was used to determine the extent of association where differences were deemed significant (p<0.05). Out of the 1040 eggs collected, 63% of the eggs had spots (32% blood spots and 31% meat spots). No association was observed between the occurrence of spots and egg weight, temperature variation, and proximity of birds to a generator.
Parasitisme des Loranthaceae sur Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) dans l’arrondissement de Tombel (Sud-Ouest Cameroun)
Authors: Ngotta Biyon Jacques Bruno , Iyodi Arriane Barbara , Wafo Tchoue Yves Donald , Ondoua JosephMarie , Taffouo Victor Désiré
Published: August 2022

Au Cameroun, les Loranthaceae ont été signalées dans quelques bassins de production du cacao. Cette étude a été menée dans le but de caractériser le parasitisme des cacaoyers de la localité de Tombel, au Sud-Ouest Cameroun. Les observations des Loranthaceae ont porté sur les arbres âgés de 8 à 10 ans, et sur une superficie de 7500 m². Sur chaque pied de cacaoyer, les données suivantes ont été collectées et notés : la circonférence à 1,30 m du sol , la hauteur, le nombre de branches, les espèces de Loranthaceae présentes, et le nombre de touffes des parasites. Au total, quatre espèces de Loranthaceae ont été recensées sur les cacaoyers, Helixanthera mannii étant la plus fréquente. Le taux de parasitisme des plantations était de 35,33% et la densité parasitaire moyenne était de 3±2 touffes/arbre. Les arbres parasités ont montré des circonférences et des hauteurs significativement plus élevées que les arbres sains. Le coefficient de rang de Spearman a montré une corrélation positive et significative entre la hauteur de l’arbre et le nombre de touffes des Loranthaceae. Il s’avère donc nécessaire de mettre en place un programme de contrôle des Loranthaceae dans les plantations afin de réduire les pertes de production, mais également de mener une étude approfondie sur la biologie et l’écologie d’ Helixanthera mannii qui, dans le futur, pourrait s’avérer être une menace pour les cacaoyers.

In Cameroon, Loranthaceae have been reported in some cocoa production basins. This study was conducted to characterise the parasitism of cocoa trees in the locality of Tombel, South-West Cameroon. Observations of Loranthaceae were made on trees 8 to 10 years old, and on an area of 7500 m². On each cocoa tree, the following data were collected and recorded: circumference at 1.30 m from the ground, height, number of branches, Loranthaceae species present, and number of pest clumps. In total, four species of Loranthaceae were recorded on cocoa trees, Helixanthera mannii being the most frequent. The parasitism rate of the plantations was 35.33% and the average parasite density was 3±2 clumps/tree. Parasitised trees showed significantly higher girths and heights than healthy trees. Spearman's rank coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between tree height and the number of Loranthaceae clumps. It is therefore necessary to set up a control programme for Loranthaceae in plantations in order to reduce production losses, but also to carry out an in-depth study on the biology and ecology of Helixanthera mannii, which could prove to be a threat to cocoa trees in the future.
Caractérisation morphologique, croissance staturo-pondérale et facteur de condition de la Sardinelle plate (Sardinella maderensis Lowe, 1838) des eaux côtières du Bénin (Afrique de l’Ouest)
Authors: Hoto Gérard , Sossoukpe Edmond , Sidi Imorou Rachad , Fiogbe Emile Didier
Published: August 2022

La Sardinelle plate est l’un des petits pélagiques côtiers béninois soumis à une forte pression de pêche. Cette étude présente la caractérisation morphologique, le mode de croissance et l’embonpoint de l’espèce. Pendant douze mois, 1026 spécimens de Sardinella maderensis ont été échantillonnés aléatoirement dans les débarquements au port de pêche artisanale de Cotonou. Parmi les différents paramètres biométriques et méristiques relevés sur chaque spécimen, seules la longueur totale et la grande hauteur ont montré une différence significative suivant le sexe (p<0,05). Ainsi, les femelles présentent un corps plus long et plus haut que les mâles signalant l’existence d’un dimorphisme sexuel chez l’espèce. L’analyse factorielle discriminante révèle que le nombre de branchiospines sur les branches supérieure et inférieure du premier arc branchial ainsi que les ratios longueur de la tête sur distance orbitaire, longueur pré-orbitaire sur distance orbitaire et longueur à la fourche sur longueur totale constituent des paramètres discriminants pouvant permettre de caractériser l’espèce suivant les différents stades de vie. La relation âge-longueur indique que la Sardinelle plate développe une croissance allométique rapide dès le bas âge. Les valeurs mensuelles élevées du facteur d’embonpoint attestent d’une bonne adaptation de l’espèce aux conditions écologiques dominantes de son milieu de vie.

The flat Sardinella is one of the small Beninese coastal pelagic species subject to strong fishing pressure. The study aims to carry out morphological characterization, growth model and body condition factor of the species. For twelve months, 1,026 specimens of Sardinella maderensis were randomly sampled in the landings at artisanal fishing port of Cotonou. Among the various biometric and meristic parameters recorded on each specimen, only total length and great body height showed a significant difference according to the sex (p<0.05). Indeed, females have longer and higher body than males, indicating the existence of sexual dimorphism in the species. Discriminant factor analysis reveals that the number of gill rakers on the upper and lower branches of the first gill arch as well as the ratios of head length by orbital distance, pre-orbital length by orbital distance and fork length by total length constitute the discriminating parameters that can be used to characterize the species at different life stages. The age-length relationship indicates that the species develops rapid allometric growth from an early age. The relatively high mean value in the body condition factor attests to the good adaptation of this species to the prevailing ecological conditions of its living environment.
Influence des infrastructures d’aménagement faunique et des villages riverains sur la distribution des primates diurnes dans la Réserve de Biosphère du W du Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouoba Daogo , Dibloni Ollo T. , Kabore Idrissa , Bance Victor , Oueda Adama , Kabre Gustave B.
Published: August 2022

Dans la Réserve de Biosphère du W du Burkina Faso, des infrastructures ont été réalisées pour la conservation et l’utilisation durable des espèces fauniques. Cette étude vise à examiner l’influence de ces infrastructures et des villages riverains sur la distribution spatiale de trois espèces de primates diurnes. La méthode a consisté à l’analyse des coordonnées d’observations de trois années de dénombrements pédestres suivant des régressions log-linéaire appliquées aux distances entre les primates et les infrastructures. Des corrélations négatives ont été observées entre les points d’eau, les salines et le vervet, entre les postes de surveillance, les habitations et le patas et entre les postes de surveillance, les salines et le babouin. 73,68% des vervets étaient distribués à moins de 25 km des villages contre 94,56% et 30,32% pour le patas et le babouin respectivement. A plus de 25 km des postes de surveillance, sont rencontrés 86,47% de vervets, 97,96% de patas et 100% de babouins. Concernant les points d’eau, c’étaient 98,5% de vervet et 100% pour les autres espèces. Les trois espèces ont été observées au-delà de 25 km des salines. Les résultats de cette étude donnent des orientations pour des travaux relatifs aux trois espèces dans les aires protégées.

In the W Biosphere Reserve of Burkina Faso, infrastructures have been built for the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife species. This study aims to examine the influence of these infrastructures and the surrounding villages on the spatial distribution of three diurnal primates’ species. The method consisted of analyzing the geographic coordinates of observations from three years of pedestrian counts using log-linear regressions applied to distances between primates and infrastructure. Negative correlations were observed between water points, salt flats and vervet, between monitoring stations, dwellings and patas monkey and between monitoring stations, salt flats and baboon. 73.68% of vervets were distributed within 25 km of surrounding villages compared to 94.56% and 30.32% for patas monkey and baboon respectively. The vervets that were found more than 25 km from a surveillance post represented 86.47%, those of the patas monkey 97.96% and those of the baboon 100%. At waterholes, 98.5% were vervet and 100% for the other species. All three species were observed beyond 25 km from the salt flats. The results of this study constitute a guiding tool for future work on the three species in the managed protected areas.
Antioxidant properties of Senna siamea and effects on sports performance in Wistar rats
Authors: Agbodjogbe Wilfrid K. D-D. , Tito Albérick S.I. , Adjakpahoun Gérard , Messan Folly , Dansou Pierre H.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Senna siamea and their effects on sports performance in rats. A total of 15 male Wistar rats were used and divided into 3 groups. The GrpEDSE and GrpED+Entr groups were each subjected to 7 mL/kg of distilled water by body weight, and then the GrpSS+Entr group was treated with 300 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Senna siamea leaves. Rats belonging to GrpED+Entr, GrpSS+Entr groups were subjected to swimming for fifteen days. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the evaluation was made. The results revealed that the studied plant has an antioxidant property with a value of 353.61±11.10 mmol EAA/mg. Then, the training induced a significant increase (p˂0.01) in swimming performance in treated rats belonging to GrpSS+Entr groups with a running time of 293.452±18.319 min. These extracts of Senna siamea leaves represent natural antioxidants and would thus participate in the improvement of performances in sportsmen.
Evaluation des couts des paramètres biochimiques par la méthode Activity Basing Costing (ABC) : exemple du laboratoire de biochimie du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Saint-Louis (Sénégal)
Authors: Doupa Dominique , Faye Daba , Makalou Demba , Lo Seynabou , Diallo Folly , Yade Penda , Diop Mamadou , Seydi Fanta , Mbaye Oumou Khairy , Kamara Rokhaya , Diagne Ibrahima
Published: August 2022

Avec l'augmentation croissante de l'activité, les dépenses du laboratoire sont considérables. Pour optimiser leurs prescriptions, il faut que les prescripteurs connaissent le coût de revient des analyses médicales. C’est ainsi que nous nous sommes assignés comme objectif de tester d’une part l’applicabilité de la méthode Activity Basing Costing (ABC) et d’autre part de comparer les résultats obtenus aux tarifs en vigueur. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective transversale portant sur les données recueillies sur une période de trois (3) mois de Juillet à Septembre 2016. La démarche pour la collecte des données était basée sur l’observation, l’entretien et l’analyse documentaire. Ces outils ont permis de noter pour chaque activité le temps nécessaire ainsi que les ressources humaines et matérielles mobilisées. Le traitement des données a été réalisé par le tableur Excel dans des fiches préconçues à cet effet. Les résultats de ce travail ont montré d’une part, que les tarifs appliqués ne couvraient pas les coûts des prestations des analyses. D’autre part, les charges salariales représentaient près de 60% des charges globales. La méthode A.B.C. est adaptée à la problématique soulevée. Elle dissèque entièrement le schéma de formation des coûts : chaque ressource est identifiée et attribuée à l'activité qui la consomme. Toutes qualités qui devraient permettre à la méthode de s'implanter plus largement dans le domaine de la santé.

With the increasing in activity, the expenses of the laboratory are considerable. To optimize their prescriptions, prescribers must know the cost price of medical analyzes. Our objective was therefore to test the applicability of this method (Activity Basing costing) and then to compare obtained results with rates in force This was a cross-sectional retrospective study of data collected over a three (3) month period from July to September 2016. Approach for data collection was based on observation, interview, and literature review. These tools made it possible to note for each activity time required as well as human and material resources mobilized. Data processing was carried out by Excel spreadsheet in pre-designed sheets for this purpose. Results of this work showed, on the one hand, that tariffs applied did not cover the costs of analysis services. On the other hand, wage costs represented almost 60% of overall costs. The A.B.C. is adapted to the issue raised. It completely dissects the cost formation scheme: each resource is identified and attributed to the activity that consumes it. All qualities, which should allow the method to gain a foothold in the field of health.
Biomasse planctonique et qualité de l’eau du lac Ahémé au Sud-Ouest du Bénin
Authors: Boukari Ousmane Touré , Dovonou Flavien Edia , Chouti Waris Kéwouyèmi , Dagnon Daniel Koto , Adjadjihoue Edmisol , Abou Youssouf , Mama Daouda , Bawa Limam Moktar
Published: August 2022

L’étude portait sur l’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du lac Ahémé au moyen des communautés planctoniques. Cette étude a été initiée suite aux travaux d’assainissements du plan d’eau menés par l’Agence pour le Développement intégré de la zone Economique du Lac Ahémé et de ses Chenaux (ADELAC). Les échantillonnages se sont déroulés en juillet 2020 sur quatre points définis sur le lac. L’inventaire et l’évaluation de la biomasse ont été réalisés grâce aux observations microscopiques et clés d’identification des taxons. L’inventaire des espèces a révélé 22 espèces de phytoplancton appartenant à 04 classes et 13 espèces de zooplancton réparties en 03 groupes. Il ressort de l’évaluation de la biomasse phytoplanctonique que les Diatomophycées présentent la plus forte densité (862 individus/L) et les Chlorophycées la plus faible (3 individus/L). Quant au zooplancton, les Copépodes sont plus abondants (118 individus/L) et les Cladocères les moins (3 individus/L). L’indice planctonique (3 – 15.25) a montré que le lac est oligotrophe au niveau des quatre sites échantillonnés. Selon la grille de qualité des eaux, l’oligotrophie traduit une bonne qualité de l’eau du lac. Par comparaison aux études antérieures, la qualité de l’eau s’est améliorée suite à l’assainissement opéré. Cette avancée doit être préservée à travers des actions de gestion durable du lac.

The study concerns the evaluation of the water quality of Lake Ahémé by plankton communities and was initiated following the sanitation works carried out by the Agency for the Integrated Development of the Economic Zone of Lake Ahémé and its Channels (ADELAC). The work was done in July 2020 on four defined points on the lake. The inventory and the evaluation of the biomass were carried out thanks to microscopic observations and identification of taxa’s keys. The species inventory revealed 22 phytoplankton species belonging to 04 classes and 13 zooplankton species divided into 03 groups. The evaluation of the phytoplankton biomass shows that Diatomophyceae have the highest density (862 individuals/L) and Chlorophyceae the lowest (3 individuals/L). As for the zooplankton, Copepods are the most abundant (118 individuals/L) and Cladocerans the least (3 individuals/L). The planktonic index (3 - 15.25) showed that the lake is oligotrophic at the four sampled sites. According to the water quality grid, oligotrophy reflects good water quality. Compared to previous studies, the water quality has improved following the sanitation operation. This progress must be preserved through actions to protect the lake.
Diversité et pratiques culturales des plantes ornementales produites dans les zones agricoles péri-urbaines d'Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Vroh Bi Tra Aimé , Kouame Affouet Florence Ephrasie
Published: August 2022

Les plantes ornementales peuvent participer à la diversité végétale d’un territoire. En Côte d’Ivoire, la diversité des espèces ornementales entrant dans la production des fleurs et feuillages coupés, n’est pas suffisamment documentée. Cette étude a été entreprise pour identifier les sources principales d’approvisionnement des vendeurs de fleurs et feuillages coupés vendus sur les marchés d’Abidjan et évaluer la diversité de ces plantes ainsi que les pratiques paysannes de production. De Février à Juin 2020, des enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont été réalisées à Abidjan et dans la ville d’Azaguié citée à travers des prospections préliminaires, comme principale zone de production. Un total de 88 espèces de plantes ornementales a été recensé. Elles étaient majoritairement exotiques et 50% se rencontraient sur les marchés locaux ; le reste étant vendu à l’extérieur du pays. Dans la ville d’Azaguié, 86,4% de ces espèces étaient cultivées par des paysans sur des parcelles d’un hectare en moyenne. Ces producteurs utilisaient des intrants chimiques ou organiques et associaient des espèces arborescentes pour la diversification de leur source de revenu, l’autoconsommation et ou l’ombrage. L’étude propose un meilleur encadrement de ces producteurs prenant en compte le développement des techniques de culture d’espèces natives à potentialité décorative.

Ornamental plants can contribute to the plant diversity of a territory. In Côte d'Ivoire, the diversity of ornamental species used in the production of cut flowers and foliage is not sufficiently documented. The objectives were to identify the main supply sources of cut flowers and foliage of the sellers and to assess the diversity of these plants and farmers' practices for the production. From February to June 2020, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Abidjan and the locality of Azaguié which were cited through preliminary surveys as the main production area. A total of 88 species of ornamental plants were surveyed. Most of these are exotic and 50% are found on local markets; the rest are sold outside the country. In Azaguié, 86.4% of these species are cultivated by farmers on plots of one hectare on average. These producers use chemical or organic inputs and combine some tree species for the diversification of their source of income, the self-consumption or as shade trees. The study proposes better supervision of these producers, taking into account the development of cultivation techniques for native species with decorative potential.
Status of electric vehicles charging methods
Authors: Nayak Suchismita , Nayak Suchismita , Bohre Aashish Kumar , Bohre Aashish Kumar
Published: August 2022

Compared with vehicles powered by fuel, electric vehicles are more efficient in energy saving, emission reduction, and environmental protection. As a result, it is becoming most important with more applications in the transportation sector. As Electric vehicles usage is growing from day to day Electric vehicles (EVs) will become a reality in the future. The time taking the method of charging an EV becomes a major problem to accept the electronic revolution of the automobile industry. In this paper, we have discussed the various charging methods for an Electric vehicle, which also gives us a view of electric vehicle use in today’s world. It gives a brief overview of the present and methods recommended for EV charging.
GAMS applications to capacitors location and its sizing in a RDS
Authors: Varikunta Saikrishna , Sharma Ashwani Kumar
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a new approach for finding capacitor's location and it's sizing in a radial distribution system (RDS) optimally with an aim of reducing the active power loss. In this paper, the problem of minimizing power loss is converted into a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Program (MINLP) problem, and it will be solved by using Generalized Algebraic Modeling Systems (GAMS) software with MINLP-SBB Solver. The proposing GAMS approach is tested on IEEE 10 bus RDS. By using GAMS, the programming will be simple and more accurate results can be achieved with less execution time. The MATLAB R2020b is used to run the load flows program and analyze results. The results are compared with the other optimization techniques results.
Integration of solar power to the electric grid: A case study
Authors: Mirza Zarka , Gupta Neeraj
Published: August 2022

As the demand of electricity is increasing with each passing day and the conventional sources of energy are depleting, it becomes mandatory to include various renewable or non- conventional sources of energy for the generation of power. Solar energy is one of the promising sources of renewable energy in the modern day. In this paper integration of the solar power to the electric grid has been discussed. MPPT controller and a boost converter are used to obtain maximum power at the output and further synchronization of Voltage Source Inverter's output with the electric grid is presented.
Comparing the incidence of pneumonia in children seen at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital before and during the COVID -19 pandemic
Authors: Shehu Maryam , Ihekaike Marcia M , Shehu Hassan
Published: August 2022

Background: Following the outbreak of the new coronavirus (COVID 19) worldwide, many governments across the world including the Nigerian government had to implement measures to curtail the spread of this virus. Such measures included social distancing and personal hygiene which could have also helped to reduce the transmission of pneumonia among other infectious diseases.
Objective: To assess the effect of COVID-19 on the incidence of pneumonia in children seen at the Department of Pediatrics, of a Nigerian private University Teaching Hospital.
Method: We retrospectively analyzed the data of the patients seen with pneumonia in all the Pediatric units of the Teaching Hospital from April 2019 to March 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and compared it with that of those seen during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to March 2021.
Result: There was a 28% decrease in the total number of children seen in the department from 5,657 in pre-pandemic period to 4,079 in the pandemic period. There was a 17% decrease in the mean number of children seen with pneumonia monthly from 4.92 to 4.08 in the pandemic period. This is despite the relative increase in the incidence rate of pneumonia in children seen from 1.04% in the prepandemic period to 1.2% in the pandemic period. We noted more complications of pneumonia including heart failure and anaemia in the pandemic period (24.5% of cases) than in the pre-pandemic period (15.3% of cases).
Conclusion: The incidence of pneumonia in children seems to have increased in the wake of the COVID 19 pandemic.
Strategies in obituary announcements of married Igbo women: a review
Authors: Oyeka Chiamaka Ngozi
Published: August 2022

Death is a necessary end for every mortal. Conveying the news of a married woman’s death to her ancestral home in Igbo land is a delicate task that requires tact and skills. This work sets out to investigate how the message of the passing of a married woman is conveyed to her ancestral home to find out who breaks the news, the strategies involved in doing so, and the reason(s) behind employing such strategies. Five communities were purposively selected in Anambra State for the study. A mixed-method was used to source data. Face and Politeness theory propounded by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson serves as a guide for the study. Findings reveal that a spokesman from the deceased’s marital family or the deceased’s children might break the news of their mother/wife’s death. The breaking of the news is done stage by stage - from the stage of their daughter taking ill, to the stage of the ill-health being severe and finally leading to death. The stages involve the use of both verbal and non-verbal communications like idiomatic expressions, proverbs, euphemisms, snapping of fingers, and hisses to show members of her ancestral family how important their daughter was to them, the efforts they made to save her life, and indirectly exonerating themselves from complicity in her death. Additionally, a eulogy is outstanding as a rhetorical device in the exchange between the two families. The study concludes that the Igbo attach a high premium to a wife’s ancestral family, hence the tact in conveying the message.
Engaging women’s social concerns through the twenty-first century feminist art projects of three Nigerian women artists
Authors: Nwafor Nkiruka Jane
Published: August 2022

In this paper, I review the histories of feminism and African feminism to highlight their influence on the evolving nature of women’s art practices in the West and Africa respectively. Women Artists in the West had begun deploying feminist rhetoric in their art at the onset of second-wave feminism of the 1960s. On the other hand, women in Africa began using their art to engender intellectual discourses on African feminist concerns as recently as the mid-1990s. Using the works of three Nigerian women artists, Ayobola Kekere-Ekun, Lucy Azubuike, and Fati Abubakar, I, therefore, explore how their themes challenge critical issues that affect women in Nigeria’s twenty-first-century contemporary realities. These artists are also from different geopolitical areas (west, east, and north respectively) in Nigeria. In analyzing their art, I also argue that their art may offer possibilities in affirming the relevance of African feminist art.
A longitudinal study of learners’ writing errors in French
Authors: Adebayo Lukman Adedoyin
Published: August 2022

Several scholars have carried out investigations on writing errors in second language learning. However, longitudinal studies that focus on the linguistic development in general and lexical competence of the anglophone learners of French, in particular, are still very scarce. An investigation of this sort will give a concise scope of the language development of the anglophone learners of French and some of the factors that are responsible for the errors found in their writing. This study investigates the writing errors of the Obafemi Awolowo University learners of French. The subjects who participated in the study were 14 beginner students. The learners were monitored from their first year of study at the University all through the end of their third year of study. An essay writing exercise was administered on the subjects at the end of their first academic year in 2015/2016. By the end of their second year at the university in 2016/2017 and the end of their third year in 2017/2018, the same essay writing exercise was administered to the same set of students. The study found out that Obafemi Awolowo University learners of French-made frequent errors in their writing. They made repeated errors ranging from wrong spellings, determinants, prepositions, choice of words, overgeneralization, and wrong analogy. The study thus suggested that the learning techniques, teaching methods, and teaching curriculum be regularly reviewed to reflect the language needs of the learners.
Creation, Standardization and Scientific Validation of the Digital Application S-ONapp for the Assessment and Testing of Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Cristian Delcea
Published: August 2022

Objective: To create, standardize and scientifically validate the S-ONapp digital application for mobile phone users in order to diagnose sexual dysfunctions.
Material and Methods: 200 men and 200 women from the USA, Canada, Asia and Europe with sexual dysfunction accessed the S-ONapp application through the Google Play platform, following advertisements on social networks.
Results: Data indicates high fidelity on Cronbach`s Alpha for each scale of the application and high test retest reliability. Significant correlations were obtained after reporting/linking the S-ONapp digital application to another similar digital tool, such as Sexual-DSMapp Application, indicating a high structural validity.
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate that the S-ONapp application, through the two tools for assessing and testing sexual dysfunctions, has clinical robustness in diagnosing sexual dysfunctions.
Professionalizing Public Administration and the Impact of Performance Audit on Public Organizations in Tanzania
Authors: Ramadhani Marijani  , Prof D B (Vain) Jarbandhan
Published: August 2022

This article examines the impact of performance audits on public organizations in Tanzania using the Tanzania Public Service College as a case study. The study subscribes to an interpretive research paradigm, which allowed for adopting a qualitative approach to understand participants' perceptions thoroughly. Documentary findings from audit reports between 2010-2017 have collaborated with 32 interviews from the respondents who participated in the auditing process over the study period. The study findings are linked to the independent factors identified in the literature on the quality of the information in audit reports and the impact of audit investigations. The article concludes that the impact of performance audits depends on whether auditees agree with recommendations. Notably, the article argues that fundamental changes can be realized in the presence of strong internal control systems. The role of collaboration and trust, parliament, media, and auditors’ expertise in ensuring the impact of performance audits were also highlighted. Finally, theoretical and practical recommendations are drawn, and study limitations and areas for future research are highlighted.
State and Civil Society Emerging Good Practices in Response to Affordable Housing Need: Reflections on What Works in Addressing Homelessness in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Emeka E Obioha
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to articulate the emerging "good practices" being implemented by states to ensure the continuous provision of affordable housing. The paper utilizes secondary materials as the data sources, which were analyzed using content and thematic analytical procedures. As documented, public works intervention, creation of the public-private partnership, innovative expansion of affordable housing solutions through optimum utilization of local resources, and private sector support are new directions in accomplishing the affordable housing target. Similarly, the establishment and empowerment of community self-help initiatives, cooperative practices, the intervention of development agencies, and non-governmental humanitarian relief have made some remarkable impacts as part of the good practices. In conclusion, it is evident that the more innovative and creative ways of work are adding value to the accomplishment of increased affordable housing provision in sub-Sahara Africa.
The Environmental Questions in Global Economics: The African Story
Authors: Luka Sabas NJAU  , Sylvester Philiph ISUJA
Published: August 2022

The book “The Environmental Questions in Global Economics: The African Story” was written by Adela Barungi. The book focuses on global economics and trade policies while revealing the extent to which it has affected the African continent. The author analyzed the current crises of the environment in Africa in the historical processes of Western exploitation and underdevelopment of the continent. The author argued that Africa had assumed an environment greatly shaped by Western values. To concretize what is discussed in the book, Uganda is taken as an example of a third-world country that is environmentally affected by global economic and trade policies.
Vanuatu's Typical Approach of Mathematics vs the TUAM Approach of Mathematics
Authors: SAWAH Kency Obed
Published: August 2022

There are multiple factors contributing to the low level of mathematics in basic education in the Republic of Vanuatu. Results through the Vanuatu Standard Test of Achievement (VANSTA) in 2017 and 2019 unveiled that there were gaps in the performance of mathematics which cause the overall achievement to stagnant which were below the expected minimum standard (Curriculum Development Unit, 2020). This study investigated the current situation of the teaching mathematics approach in the country recognised as the ‘I Do-We Do-You Do’ teaching model. In comparison, the study also examined the influence of the ‘Try-Understand-Apply-Master’ (TUAM) discovery learning process on students in Vanuatu. The study compared these two teaching approaches through pre and post-test interventions among the control and experimental group of two grade five classes. The findings of the study discovered a possibility that the TUAM discovery learning process could be effective in improving the mathematics level in the basic education in the Republic of Vanuatu.
A importância da Ceia do Senhor como fonte da Teologia Pastoral em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Wachholz Wilhelm , Rennecke Martinho
Published: August 2022

Este artigo trata sobre o desafio da Igreja de rever sua pastoral frente à pandemia, a partir da superação do sacramentalismo presente na Ceia do Senhor, para que tenha por finalidade ser Boa Nova em tempos de crise, que possa conduzir à finalidade que Cristo lhe deu, que é levar a Igreja ao caráter de comunidade cristã no mundo. O objetivo é analisar textos sobre o tema a partir do teólogo católico uruguaio Juan Luis Segundo, com contribuições do teólogo luterano brasileiro Walter Altmann, que tragam pistas para que a Ceia do Senhor possa ser uma fonte para a teologia pastoral em tempos de crise. A metodologia utilizada se ancora na pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam a rigidez com que acontecem as cerimônias sacramentais, onde a comum-união está ausente e a realidade psicológica não parece uma comunidade. Fórmulas automáticas, obedecendo a impulsos mágicos, podem não ter poder criador de solidariedade.
Intolerância religiosa em tempos de abertura: os desafios para uma cultura do encontro
Authors: Lemos Carolina Teles , Fernandez Gustavo Cortez
Published: August 2022

O mundo pós-moderno possui muitas disposições para a construção de uma cultura da paz e do diálogo inter-religioso. Entretanto, a intolerância religiosa ainda é um terrível mal presente em nossa sociedade. Objetivamos, a partir do que se compreende por verdade (s) na pós-modernidade, olhar o cenário da intolerância religiosa, sobretudo a que está presente no tradicionalismo católico brasileiro, e os possíveis caminhos de uma cultura do encontro e de abertura religiosa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de fontes bibliográficas revisitando autores que tratam da religião, dos tradicionalismos e do diálogo inter-religioso. Constatamos altos índices de intolerância religiosa, mas também o crescimento de vários debates, como o da questão decolonial, e os próprios discursos do Papa Francisco, reincidentes na ótica da abertura da Igreja para o mundo. Esses desafios e essas luzes vêm apontar para novos espaços dialogais, inter-religiosos, de abertura de si e de promoção do outro.
Da Igreja local à Sinodalidade: a relevância de um sínodo diocesano neste caminho
Authors: Das Neves Pedro Paulo
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem por objeto explicitar a relação intrínseca entre sinodalidade e Igreja local, bem como apresentar o potencial de um sínodo diocesano na reabilitação da sinodalidade eclesial, resgatada pelos padres conciliares na volta às fontes promovida pelo Concílio Vaticano II. A palavra “sínodo” (syn-odos) significa “caminhar juntos”. Dela deriva a palavra sinodalidade, entendida pelos Santos Padres como característica e princípio constitutivo da Igreja, por sua vez, o fundamento da renovação eclesiológica do Concílio Vaticano II. Quando referida à vida eclesial, pode ser traduzida ou compreendida como sinodalidade eclesial, ou seja, é a assembleia (ekklesia) do povo convocado por Deus para caminhar juntos. Por isso, é um povo de convocados para ser sinal e sacramento de Jesus Cristo aos outros povos no mundo em vista do Reino de Deus.
Digitalisierung der kommunalen Sozialverwaltung/ZEFIR-Materialien Bd. 21: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel des Kreises Recklinghausen
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gräfe Philipp
Published: August 2022

Die Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung ist ein wichtiger Hebel zum Abbau von Bürokratie und zur Qualitäts- und Wirkungsverbesserung staatlicher Leistungen. Im Zuge des Onlinezugangsgesetzes wird auch die kommunale Sozialverwaltung zunehmend von der Digitalisierung erfasst. Allerdings sind für den Bereich der Sozialpolitik einige Besonderheiten zu beachten. Die Studie untersucht daher die Digitalisierungsbemühungen der kommunalen Sozialämter und Jobcenter im Kreis Recklinghausen mit Blick auf die besonderen Anforderungen, die eine mehr auf individuelle Bedarfe, Beratung und hohen Datenschutz ausgelegte Leistungsverwaltung an die Digitalisierung stellt. Zentral in der Analyse sind daher die Ausgestaltung und Organisation von Digitalisierungsprozessen in der Kommune und die Frage nach den Kriterien, wann eine digitale Leistung im Bereich der Sozialpolitik überhaupt sinnvoll ist.