bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous Distance Learning of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale During the COVID-19 Pandemic (E-Learning vs Video): Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Suppan Mélanie , Stuby Loric , Carrera Emmanuel , Cottet Philippe , Koka Avinash , Assal Frédéric , Savoldelli Georges Louis , Suppan Laurent
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably altered the regular medical education curriculum while increasing the need for health care professionals. Senior medical students are being incrementally deployed to the front line to address the shortage of certified physicians. These students, some of whom will be fast-tracked as physicians, may lack knowledge regarding the initial management of time-critical emergencies such as stroke.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to determine whether an e-learning module could improve asynchronous distance knowledge acquisition of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in senior medical students compared to the traditional didactic video.

METHODS

A randomized, data analyst–blinded web-based trial was conducted at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine between April and June 2020. Fifth year medical students followed a distance learning path designed to teach the NIHSS. The control group followed the traditional didactic video created by Patrick Lyden, while the e-learning group followed the updated version of a previously tested, highly interactive e-learning module. The main outcome was the score on a 50-question quiz displayed upon completion of the learning material. The difference in the proportion of correct answers for each specific NIHSS item was also assessed.

RESULTS

Out of 158 potential participants, 88 started their allocated learning path and 75 completed the trial. Participants who followed the e-learning module performed better than those who followed the video (38 correct answers, 95% CI 37-39, vs 35 correct answers, 95% CI 34-36, P<.001). Participants in the e-learning group scored better on five elements than the video group: key NIHSS concepts (P=.02), the consciousness – global item (P<.001), the facial palsy item (P=.04), the ataxia item (P=.03), and the sensory item (P=.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to the traditional didactic video, a highly interactive e-learning module enhances asynchronous distance learning and NIHSS knowledge acquisition in senior medical students.
Medical Students' Corner: Lessons From COVID-19 in Equity, Adaptability, and Community for the Future of Medical Education (Preprint)
Authors: Mann Simran , Novintan Shonnelly , Hazemi-Jebelli Yasmin , Faehndrich Daniel
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

As UK medical students, we recently completed 3 months of remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, before taking online end-of-the-year exams. We are now entering our final year of medical school. Based on our experiences and our understanding of others’ experiences, we believe that three key lessons have been universal for medical students around the world. The lessons learned throughout this process address the need for a fair system for medical students, the importance of adaptability in all aspects of medical education, and the value of a strong medical school community. These lessons can be applied in the years to come to improve medical education as we know it.
Correction: How Can Artificial Intelligence Make Medicine More Preemptive? (Preprint)
Authors: Iqbal Usman , Celi Leo Anthony , Li Yu-Chuan Jack
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

In this paper we propose the idea that Artificial intelligence (AI) is ushering in a new era of “Earlier Medicine,” which is a predictive approach for disease prevention based on AI modeling and big data. The flourishing health care technological landscape is showing great potential—from diagnosis and prescription automation to the early detection of disease through efficient and cost-effective patient data screening tools that benefit from the predictive capabilities of AI. Monitoring the trajectories of both in- and outpatients has proven to be a task AI can perform to a reliable degree. Predictions can be a significant advantage to health care if they are accurate, prompt, and can be personalized and acted upon efficiently. This is where AI plays a crucial role in “Earlier Medicine” implementation.
ANALYSIS OF PERSPECTIVE AND COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR IN MANAGEMENT OF FOREST AREAS WITH SPECIAL PURPOSE (KHdTK) UMM
Authors: Ardiansyah Ahmad , Muttaqin Tatag , Prakosa Galit Gatut
Published: August 2020

Forests are natural resources that have enormous benefits for the continuity of human life for now and in the future. The community around the forest has a big role in determining the sustainability of the forest because all community activities related to meeting the needs of daily life are very dependent on the existence of the forest. The people's behavior and actions are closely related to the community's perception of the forest. Communities in treating forests are also influenced by their experience and knowledge. Educational Forests or Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHdTK) are areas designated by the government for forestry research and development. University of Muhammadiyah Malang was appointed as the manager of Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHdTK) printed 43A, 44I, 44K-1, 44K-2, and 44L of Kedung Rejo RPH BKPH Pujon KPH Malang where the area is included in the status of production forest area and protected forest. This study aims to determine the perceptions of the surrounding community towards the plan to manage forest areas with specific objectives of UMM in plots 43A, 44I, 44K-1, 44K-2, and 44L, to determine the behavior of surrounding communities towards the plan to manage forest areas with UMM specific objectives in 43A plots, 44I, 44K-1, 44K-2, and 44L. The results of this study indicate that public perceptions of the KHdTK strategic plan by UMM were very well received. There is an inappropriate behavior of the community, namely the farming community in protected forest in 43A, but with prior approval from Perhutani, the behavior in managing the forest always considers the sustainability of the forest and the community always respects the applicable regulations, even though there is behavior that does not comply with the law but the community do that with the approval of Perhutani. The forest is the economic foundation of the surrounding community. In the future, UMM as the manager must be able to work together with the community and restore 43A plots according to their function, namely protected forests and rearranging farmers in KHdTK.
Peran Suami Istri Terhadap Peningkatan Angka Perceraian di Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Blangkejeren
Authors: Darmawijaya Edi , Hasanah Ferra
Published: August 2020

Meningkatnya angka perceraian di kalangan masyarakat Kecamatan Blangkejeren, Kabupaten Gayo Lues, disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi, suami yang tidak mengerti perannya di dalam rumah tangga. Sehingga istri melakukan gugat cerai terhadap suaminya. Hal ini berdasarkan fakta yang diperoleh dari Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Blangkejeren. Oleh karenanya peneliti menarik untuk mengkaji tentang peran suami istri terhadap peningkatan angka perceraian di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Blangkejeren serta bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam peran suami istri terhadap peningkatan angka perceraian. Dengan permasalahan di atas penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang mana metode ini mengupas permasalahan dengan cara turun dan melihat sendiri permasalahan yang terjadi di lapangan, serta pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui wawancara terhadap informan. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, di Kecamatan Blangkejeren, Kabupaten Gayo yang paling tinggi mengajukan perceraian adalah dari pihak istri dengan cerai gugat terhadap suaminya, alasan seorang istri mengajukan gugatan cerai, banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi putusnya sebuah perkawinan sampai terjadinya perceraian, baik itu dari faktor internal keluarga yaitu suaminya sendiri maupun faktor esksternal yakni pihak ketiga.
Análisis de la dinámica económica, laboral y social en el municipio de Ocaña
Authors: Pineda López Cindy Paola , Navarro Claro Genny Torcoroma
Published: August 2020

La dinámica económica, laboral y social, es un aspecto que genera grandes controversias, con el paso de los años se han producido cambios profundos que afectan la economía y mas aun cuando su capacidad para generar crecimiento y empleo limita la creación de entornos prosperos que promuevan el establecimiento de empresas y políticas públicas que apoyen a las comunidades a mantenerse en equilibro. Por tanto, el propósito del estudio se centra en conocer la dinámica económica, laboral y social del municipio de Ocaña Norte de Santander, con relación a los gastos que se originan en las familias ocañeras, las condiciones de trabajo, así como, los problemas más recurrentes en la comunidad. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, empleando como técnica la encuesta, aplicada a 300 personas. Los resultados parciales indican que en el municipio de Ocaña las familias cuentan con una baja capacidad para cubrir gastos y cada vez son más los problemas de orden publico que se presentan en los diferentes barrios de la ciudad, impidiendo que se logren niveles de crecimiento sostenido que generen empleo, ingresos y una mejor calidad de vida.
The significance of protected natural areas for tourism in the Vojvodina province (Northern Serbia) - analysis of sustainable tourism development
Authors: Trisic Igor , Stetic Snezana , Maksin Marija
Published: August 2020

This paper presents experimental research into the attitudes of tourists
towards the significance of protected areas with regard to tourism in the
Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in the northern part of the Republic of
Serbia. It is an area with significant rare plant and animal resources, as
well as w?tlands, ecosystems, and hilly and mountainous areas. Several
research methods have been used in the paper. The first method is to collect
data using a written questionnaire that was completed by 215 visitors to
different protected areas in AP Vojvodina. Their answers revealed their
attitudes toward sustainable tourism in selected protected areas. After
examining the differences in the answers using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the
results of the survey conducted by the authors were examined by means of two
comparative analyses of identical, related, and similar answers in selected
case studies. Based on the results of the Kruskal-Wallis Test, it can be
concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the
assessments of the importance of activities and the forms of tourism chosen
when visiting protected areas. The most important forms of tourism are
ecotourism and adventure tourism. Tourists also identified hiking, cycling,
and wildlife watching as the most important activities.
Multi-functional land-use planning as a regulator of urban metabolism: A conceptual perspective
Authors: Ivanovic Bojana
Published: August 2020

This paper is an attempt to reveal the possibilities for using land-use
planning to improve the urban metabolism (UM) circularity and
sustainability, and thus its usefulness for urban planning and development.
The available literature about UM is overviewed and analysed from this
conceptual perspective, and a comprehensive and consistent definition of the
UM concept is proposed. The Circular UM is also presented as an efficient
and sustainable extension of UM. It has been found that distinct urban forms
strongly influence UM, and that this influence to a great extent transfers
through, and connects, the layers of the urban form, from the urban
morphology, through the spatial distribution of urban functions, to the
level of the building stock. These relations imply that proper intertwining
of city functions in compact urban areas could have favourable impacts on
many aspects of UM, reducing the consumption of land, material and energy,
as well as pollution, and improving the overall quality of life.
Quantification of these impacts requires a more precise determination of the
effects of intertwining of urban functions, and the side-effects of doing
so, and is a precondition for the effective use of MLU for UM optimisation.
Institution of collective surety (kefalet) in the Ottoman legal theory and practice during the transitional period
Authors: Kresic Ognjen , Pavlovic Miroslav
Published: August 2020

Institution of surety is an integral component of the Islamic legal
tradition. Sharia law recognizes two types of surety, or kef?let: for a
person and for material property. Collective surety gradually developed as a
part of the administrative and judicial practice in the Ottoman Empire. The
application of collective surety as means for establishing and warranting
the security in the provinces is known in the historiography. In the paper,
examples of a different legal practice are researched - collective
suretyship predominantly concerning the financial transactions. Ottoman
sources produced in the provinces and by the central administrative
institutions were analysed. We examined cases dating mostly from the 18th
century, connected with the sancak of Semendire, the ey?let of Bosnia, and
other Ottoman provinces in Europe. Special attention was given to the
connection between the institution of collective suretyship and mercantile
enterprises. The collective suretyship in front of the sharia courts and in
the cases of joint appellations testifies to the increasing importance of
local communities and reflects their transformations and the ways of their
representation in front of the local and central authorities. These changes
often led to the establishment of local communities? territorial
jurisdictions, and they were greatly influenced by the Ottoman taxation
policies. Through ever closer and more complex association and grouping
(based on confession, territory, or financial interests), the non-Muslim
population succeeded to successfully counter local structures of power and
to gain access to important capital flows.
Fin-de-siccle in Russia: Politics and culture
Authors: Trifunovic Branislava
Published: August 2020

In this research paper, author discusses artistic responses to political
turmoil from 1850 to 1917. This period in the Russian Empire was marked by a
gradual striving for a radical and total social transformation initiated by,
sometimes even violent, social reactions to the existing autocratic form of
government in the mid-19th century, and completed by the Great Russian
Revolution of 1917. The article dwells upon historical problems of social
and cultural transformations of the Russian society and highlights artistic
contribution in strive for modernization. In exploring the mode of
adaptation of Russian society to the challenges of modernity, the
possibility arose for the setting of three chronologically conditioned, but
complex, cause-effect correlations of art and socio-political change:
national-imperial, then (paradoxically named) larpurlartist-democratic and
avant-garde-socialist correlation. These political and, at the same time,
cultural platforms, are recognized as suitable for creating and
strengthening a revolutionary climate in imperial Russia. Referring to the
revolutionary nature of the artistic movements that preceded the Russian
avant-garde, we insist that pluralism of styles and aesthetics in the
socio-cultural sphere, as well as social engagement of artists, are factors
that are of utmost importance in the preparation of the October Revolution
in 1917.
A few remarks on some issues and problems of self-determination and foundation in the works of Milan Brdar
Authors: Lolic Marinko
Published: August 2020

This paper critically discusses the achievements of the most important
representatives of the history of philosophy, sociology, political science
in the interpretation of the fundamental philosophical issues and social
phenomena of modern times. In the philosophical works which begin with the
debate with Popper through the most recent papers in which the research in
the modern and postmodern European philosophy is intensified, Milan Brdar
critically reconsiders the main ideas of Descartes? and Hegel?s philosophy
trying to address the modern idea of reason as self-conscious self-relation
in the spirit of analytic Cartesian method and radical philosophical
self-reflection. This form of critical theoretical reconsideration implies
that, if we want to be autonomous and free subjects not only of our
individual but also of our collective way of life and history, we have to
relate to ourselves as well as to others critically and to be conscious of
that relation. This paper points out that the author starts from the crucial
idea of the modern European philosophy that philosophy does not address,
only the matter itself, but also one?s self-reflection. In his opinion the
permanent self-reflection of philosophy represents the crucial condition
which philosophy has to fulfill in order to become the reliable instrument
of understanding of the society.
Efficacy and Safety Over 2 Years of Exenatide Plus Dapagliflozin in the DURATION-8 Study: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jabbour Serge A. , Frías Juan P. , Ahmed Azazuddin , Hardy Elise , Choi Jasmine , Sjöström C. David , Guja Cristian
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

In patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin, exenatide once weekly (QW) plus dapagliflozin produced greater reductions in glycemic parameters (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], fasting plasma glucose [FPG], and 2-h postprandial glucose [2-h PPG]), weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) than exenatide QW or dapagliflozin alone after 28 weeks of treatment in DURATION-8. Following a 24-week extension period, improvements were sustained at 52 weeks. In this study, we investigated efficacy and safety at 104 weeks after randomization.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DURATION-8 was a 104-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. In total, 695 adults (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c 8.0–12.0% [64–108 mmol/mol]) despite stable metformin monotherapy (≥1,500 mg/day) were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive exenatide 2 mg QW plus once-daily dapagliflozin 10 mg, exenatide QW plus placebo, or dapagliflozin plus placebo. All 104-week evaluations were exploratory.

RESULTS

At week 104, 431 (62.0%) patients completed treatment. The adjusted least squares mean change (SE) from baseline to week 104 in HbA1c was greater with exenatide QW plus dapagliflozin (−1.70% [0.11]) versus exenatide QW plus placebo (−1.29% [0.12]; P = 0.007) and dapagliflozin plus placebo (−1.06% [0.12]; P < 0.001). Clinically relevant changes in FPG, 2-h PPG, weight, and SBP were also observed with exenatide QW plus dapagliflozin. There were no unexpected safety findings, and exenatide QW plus dapagliflozin was well tolerated, with no episodes of major hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS

In this exploratory analysis, among those individuals who completed the trial without rescue therapy, there was clinically relevant efficacy over 2 years with exenatide QW plus dapagliflozin, with no unexpected safety findings.
Risk of anaemia with metformin use in type 2 diabetes: A MASTERMIND study
Authors: Donnelly Louise A , Dennis John M , Coleman Ruth L , Sattar Naveed , Hattersley Andrew T , Holman Rury R , Pearson Ewan R
Published: August 2020

Objective: To
evaluate the association between metformin use and anaemia risk in type 2
diabetes, and the time-course for this, in randomised controlled trial (RCT)
and real-world population data.

Research design and methods: Anaemia
was defined as a haemoglobin measure less than 11g/dL. In RCTs (ADOPT (n=3,967), UKPDS
(n=1,473)), logistic regression was used to model anaemia risk and non-linear
mixed models for change in haematological parameters.In the observational GoDARTS
population (n=3,485), discrete-time failure analysis was used to model the
effect of cumulative metformin exposure on anaemia risk.

Results: In ADOPT,
compared with sulfonylureas, the odds ratio(OR)(95%CI) for anaemia was
1.93(1.10,3.38) for metformin and 4.18(2.50,7.00) for thiazolidinediones. In
UKPDS, compared with diet, the OR(95%CI) was 3.40(1.98,5.83) for metformin, 0.96(0.57,1.62)
for sulfonylureas and 1.08(0.62,1.87) for insulin.

In ADOPT,
haemoglobin and haematocrit dropped following metformin initiation by six
months, with no further decrease after three years. In UKPDS, haemoglobin fell by
three years in the metformin group compared to other treatments. At years six
and nine, haemoglobin was reduced in all treatment groups, with no greater
difference seen in the metformin group. In GoDARTS, each 1g/day of metformin
use was associated with a 2% higher annual risk of anaemia.

Conclusions: Metformin
use is associated with early risk of anaemia in individuals with type 2
diabetes, a finding consistent across two RCTs and replicated in one real-world
study. The mechanism for this early fall in haemoglobin is uncertain, but given
the time course is unlikely to be due to vitamin B12 deficiency alone.
O ESTOICISMO E O CETICISMO: AS DUAS VIAS FILOSÓFICAS PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DO PARADOXO ENTRE GRANDEZA E MISÉRIA EM BLAISE PASCAL
Authors: Rocha Arlindo Nascimento
Published: August 2020

Blaise Pascal is the philosopher of the paradox, because, for him, the truth is the meeting of opposites. In his anthropology, man is analyzed as a paradoxical being, at the same time big and small, weak and strong, big and miserable. These contradictions are present in all men, but most philosophers throughout the history of Western thought have seen only one side, that is, they have a unilateral and limited view of man. This article aims to analyze the two philosophical ways in which Pascal constructs the paradox between greatness and misery, as fundamental to the study and understanding of man. To this end, he especially supports two philosophers, Epiteto and Montaigne, showing that the 'truth' of each philosophical chain operates as a disqualification from the 'truth' of the other. But for Pascal, the true understanding of man, is in the meeting of these two contradictory dimensions, that is, paradoxical.
EXPERIÊNCIAS RELIGIOSAS SERIAM PRIVADAS DEMAIS PARA SEREM ESTUDADAS?
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Rodrigues da
Published: August 2020

Quando uma Cristã carismática tem uma experiência religiosa na qual ela encontra Jesus como seu marido/amante, muito dessa experiência é público em sua natureza.[1] Por exemplo, seu corpo se mantém em uma postura particular durante a experiência e esta postura é observável. Além disso, se ela relatar isso a alguém, seu depoimento, seja verbal ou escrito é de domínio público. E até mesmo os conceitos que ela traz consigo na experiência, como Jesus, Deus, amor e etc., são públicos enquanto são compartilhados e apreendidos através de processos sociais dos aprendizados de linguagem. Porém, além disso, parece que algo sobre a experiência é privado em sua natureza, experimentada por ela sozinha, distante da esfera pública. Apenas ela sabe realmente como sentiu-se durante o evento. Apenas ela tem a consciência se realmente teve uma experiência ou se ela está mentindo sobre o que ocorreu. Alguns aspectos da experiência ocorrem na privacidade da consciência subjetiva, aparentemente num reino invisível, inacessível.[1] Tais experiências são recontadas em: R. Marie GRIFFITH. God’s daughters: Evangelical Women and the Power of Submission. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1997.
Pedagogical relevance of educational Neuroscience in the training of the Software Engineer
Authors: Saa Saltos Jorge Wilson , Freddy Jeovanny Fares Bargas , Jaime Enrique Macias Romero , Marisol Betty VÃ©liz Aguilar
Published: August 2020

The present research arises from the need to strengthen the logical reasoning, essential for all students who choose to study in computer science, especially in the area of software engineering, a new career that will be offered by UTEQ (Quevedo State Technical University). A bibliographical research was carried out, where publications of Educational Neuroscience are cited, a new discipline that relates the study of the brain, the mind and education. Likewise, researches of processes and learning styles oriented to the logical thinking necessary in the student of software engineering are mentioned; And finally recommendations are made for the teacher to apply them in order to improve student learning.
Design a Cellular System with Different Cluster Size and Investigate the Co Channel Interference Assuming a Limited Geographical Area with Fixed Channel Assignment Strategy
Authors: Md Rafiqul Islam, Shahjahan Ahmed Md.Taz Uddin, Ahmed al Marzean,
Published: August 2020

There are different communication standards in present mobile communication industry. Each of this standards has its own feature, architecture, and channel assignment strategies. Each mobile operator uses one of any standard and their aim is to support as much user as possible to communicate with tolerable interference. For that reason they use different cluster size and frequency planning to cover entire geographical area. To reuse the given bandwidth within the entire geographical area some cells uses same sets of frequency and interference arise when the distance between these cells is small. Also when distance is large then capacity is going low. In this thesis our work is to investigation the co channel interference among different cluster size assuming a limited sub urban geographical area in a cellular GSM network. Also we calculate the number of users using each of this cluster size and finally design a cellular system in this geographical area using best results (minimum interference and maximum capacity).
Symmetry Reduction and Analytical Solutions of Potential Kdv Equation
Authors: YÃœRÃœSOY Muhammet
Published: August 2020

In this paper, classical and nonclassical symmetries of the potential KdV equation are considered. A catalogue of symmetry reductions for potential KdV equation is obtained using the classical Lie method and nonclassical method due to Bluman and Cole.[1] The Lie algebra consists of five finite parameter Lie group transformations; two being the scaling symmetry and the others being translations. By using the nonclassical method, four finite parameter group transformations are obtained. Two different types of solutions, approximate and exact solutions, are found by using the symmetries. Using the classical symmetries, only approximate series solutions are constructed, but using the nonclassical symmetries, both the exact solution and the approximate solution were found. The advantage of nonclassical symmetries is that the exact solution of the KdV equation can be found with it. Perturbation method is also used for approximate solutions.
Evaluation of Renal Function of Apparently Healthy Male Cannabis Smokers of College of Health Sciences, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamma Analike Rosemary , Loveth Emekwue , Chukwuemeka Ogbodo Emmanuel , Priscilla Ezeugwunne Ifeoma , Obioma Onoh Joy , Kalu Amah Ubuo , Uzoma Mbaeri Timothy , Nwabunwanne Oguaka Victor , Kalu Amah Akuma , Chukwuemeka Meludu Samuel
Published: August 2020

The use of Cannabis sativa is on the increase worldwide especially among adolescents and youths. This study investigated the effect of cannabis smoking on renal functions in young and apparently healthy male students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra state, Nigeria. A total of 60 male (40 cannabis smokers and 20 controls) subjects participated in this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data and anthropometric of subjects. Thereafter, 5mls of fasting blood sample was collected from the subjects into plain container for the estimation of biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes). Renal parameters were estimated using standard methods. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using paired student t-test and pearson r correlation. Result showed that the mean serum levels of urea, creatinine, K+, Na+, Cl-, ionized calcium, total calcium, total carbon dioxide, anion gap, and pH were not significantly different in both smokers and control subjects(p>0.05). However, there was significantly higher mean serum level of uric acid (2.42 Â± 38.54 vs 1.92 Â± 41.61; p<0.05) and total calcium (16.0 Â± 0.30 vs 10.24 Â± 0.18; p<0.05) in smokers compared with control subjects. Again, BMI was significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers (23.96 Â± 3.15; p<0.05 Vs 21.95 Â± 2.17; p<0.05). Therefore, cannabis use had no deleterious effect on the kidneys, but the significantly higher uric acid levels in the smokers may provide some anti-oxidant protection. However, further studies are necessary to further unravel the full potentials of cannabis use.
Um olhar para as relações entre as modelagens matemática e científica a partir de um estudo bibliográfico
Authors: Halberstadt Fabrício Fernando , Santarosa Maria Cecília Pereira , Garcia Isabel Krey
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho debruça-se sobre como a relação entre as modelagens científica e matemática tem sido abordada em trabalhos publicados em anais de eventos nas áreas de Educação Matemática e Educação em Ciências. Tem-se por pressuposto de que a construção de modelos científicos geralmente requer algum nível de matematização. Descrevem-se os fundamentos, percursos e resultados de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo e do tipo bibliográfica, na qual se buscou investigar o seguinte problema de pesquisa: como são tratados os temas Modelagem Científica e Modelagem Matemática e suas relações em eventos nas áreas da Educação Matemática e Educação em Ciências? Foram analisados os anais das duas últimas edições do Encontro Paranaense de Modelagem Matemática – EPMEM, do último Encontro Paraense de Modelagem Matemática – EPAMM, da última Conferência Nacional sobre Modelagem na Educação Matemática – CNMEM e das duas mais recentes edições do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências – ENPEC. Verifica-se que os trabalhos sobre modelagem na Educação Matemática analisados, de uma forma geral, não objetivam construir um modelo científico propriamente dito, buscam exclusivamente a construção de um modelo matemático. As modelagens descritas nos trabalhos publicados nas duas edições do ENPEC analisadas visam unicamente à construção dos modelos científicos. Esse resultado mostra a necessidade de pesquisas que possam caracterizar e diferenciar cada um dos processos, e buscar ações interdisciplinares que possam evidenciar as relações conceituais entre a matemática e as ciências, promovendo o avanço da aprendizagem em todos os níveis de ensino.
The Sausapor Declaration: Challenges in promoting good governance to protect customary communities and natural resources in Tambrauw district, West Papua
Authors: Fatem Sepus M. , Syuf Yaved , Baru Josepina , Marwa Jonni , Runtuboi Yubelince Y. , Tawer Viktor , Situmorang Saur , Runtuboi Ferawati R.
Published: August 2020

The Sausapor Declaration has served as a stepping stone towards convening and balancing the dynamics of governmental politics, conservation efforts, the protection of customary communities’ rights, and the sustainable management of natural resources in Tambrauw District. The Declaration supported the establishment of Tambrauw as a Conservation District, while also acknowledging the rights of customary communities in shaping political priorities of the local government, which include: a) stewardship of extensive remaining tropical forests (91.9% forest cover); b) management of protected areas, which represent 77-80% of the total area of the District; c) acknowledging the cultural traditions of five major indigenous groups; and, d) securing the active support of formal institutions for these goals. Two stages have shaped the effort to establish the Conservation District.  The first stage involved the period prior to the formal declaration, while the second ecompasses development and implementation of related policies.  Establishing local regulations and protecting local communities required extensive lobbying with the provincial and national government, as well as advocacy in various seminars, including both national and international conferences that provided strategic opportunities for securing support for the Conservation District. These steps have been instrumental in gaining legitimacy and public support for relevant conservation policies and for protecting the rights of customary communities. As one example, the review of Tambrauw spatial planning documents  (RTRW) led to prioritizing eco-tourism as a leading sector for economic development, along with the creation of an overall agropolitan and renewable energy strategy.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy drainage in a dog with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis
Authors: Chmelovski Rachel A. , Granick Jennifer L. , Ober Christopher P. , Young Shamar J. , Thomson Christopher B.
Published: August 2020

CASE DESCRIPTION

An 8-year-old 36.3-kg (79.9-lb) spayed female Rottweiler was evaluated because of anorexia and vomiting.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO) secondary to pancreatitis was suspected on the basis of results from serum biochemical analyses, CT, and cytologic examination.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

Only marginal improvement was observed after 24 hours of traditional medical management; therefore, novel continual biliary drainage was achieved with ultrasonographically and fluoroscopically guided placement of a percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy drainage (PCD) catheter. Within 24 hours after PCD catheter placement, the dog was eating regularly, had increased intestinal peristaltic sounds on abdominal auscultation, no longer required nasogastric tube feeding, and had decreased serum total bilirubin concentration (7.7 mg/dL, compared with 23.1 mg/dL preoperatively). Bile recycling was performed by administering the drained bile back to the patient through a nasogastric tube. The PCD remained in place for 5 weeks and was successfully removed after follow-up cholangiography confirmed bile duct patency.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Transhepatic PCD catheter placement provided fast resolution of EHBO secondary to pancreatitis in the dog of the present report. We believe that this minimally invasive, interventional procedure has the potential to decrease morbidity and death in select patients, compared with traditional surgical options, and that additional research is warranted regarding clinical use, safety, and long-term results of this procedure in veterinary patients, particularly those that have transient causes of EHBO, are too unstable to undergo more invasive biliary diversion techniques, or have biliary diseases that could benefit from palliation alone.
Computer Program for Digital Data Analysis of Facebow Records – Part ІI
Authors: Pavlova Zh. , Tumbalov A. , Filtchev A.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to perform a comparative data analysis of the values of sagittal condylar path and arrow point angle, obtained through measurements based on facebow records, by applying two methods: manual and digital by using the Mini-Maxi Facebow Analyzer computer program.

Material and method: The program was tested through processing the data of 101 subjects (52 men and 49 women). The left and right sagittal condylar path was registered by using the Mini-Maxi facebow and the mandibular central position was determined by intraoral graphic registration. The data of each subject were entered into the program and the individual values of the registered parameters were calculated. Then, a comparative statistical analysis of the data obtained by the conventional manual measurement with a protractor and the computer program was performed.

Results: The mean value of the sagittal condylar path obtained through the computer program was 34.89˚ for the right side and 35.86˚ for the left side. The mean value of the arrow point angle obtained through the computer program was 107.52˚. The differences between the data for men and women were not statistically significant (р < 0.05).

Conclusions: The computer program provides an accurate analysis of facebow records and assists in determining individual patient’s movement parameters of the lower jaw. The comparative analysis of the accuracy of parameters obtained through conventional and digital measurements demonstrates the high product reliability of the computer program.
Secretory Immunoglobulin a (SigA) Testing in Saliva from End-Stage Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Dialysis Treatment and in Control Healthy Subjects
Authors: Nenova-Nogalcheva A. , Konstantinova D. , Pechalova P.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the present study was to measure SIgA levels in saliva in control healthy patients and in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis treatment.

Methods: 90 participants, divided into 2 groups (Clinical Group and Control Group), had their SigA levels measured from a salivary liquid medium using radial Immunodiffusion (or Mancini method). The Clinical Group comprised 70 end-stage CKD patients on chronic dialysis treatment; the Control Group consisted of 20 clinically healthy individuals. SIgA mean values of the participants from the Clinical Group and the Control Group were 161.46 ± 105.76 and 69.70 ± 25.67 mg/l, respectively.

Results: SIgA mean levels in female patients from the Clinical group were significantly higher compared to the mean values in male patients (p = 0.004). The SIgA levels in healthy participants from the Control Group did not reveal statistically significant gender-related dependencies (p = 0.699). Statistical correlation between gender and SigA levels was not established for either group. However, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the duration of the hemodialysis treatment and SIgA levels (r = 0.46, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The results of the SIgA testing for both groups differed statistically. In the Control Group SIgA levels did not prove to be dependent on gender and age, whereas female patients with chronic renal failure exhibited significantly increased SIgA levels. The studies have outlined a tendency towards increasing SIgA levels among younger patients as well as in patients, undergoing chronic dialysis treatment for over 5 years.
Mechanisms and Effects of Dietary Restriction on CNS and Affective Disorders
Authors: Haritov E. , Garalova M. , Tivcheva J. , Angelov T. , Stamenov V.
Published: August 2020

Neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression contribute significantly to global disability and possess high social and health burden. Management is dominated by pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy; nevertheless, such treatments prevent or treat less than half of the patients, suggesting that alternative approaches are required. Emerging data suggest that diet may be an adjustable risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Caloric restriction (CR) possesses protective effects in almost all organs including the brain. However, the precise molecular pathways of these effects remain uncertain. In this review, we will discuss the putative neurobiological mechanisms of CR on the brain. The article will address also the molecular basis of the antidepressant effects of CR, primarily including ghrelin signaling, CREB neurotropic effects and ketone bodies production. Then we will highlight the probable effect of CR on the neuroinflammation, which emerges as a key pathogenetic factor for the majority of neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss the so called caloric restriction mimetics, compounds that reproduce properties of CR. Further research will be required to verify the safety and efficacy of CR before a general approval can be proposed to introduce it and its mimetics in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Degree Sequence of Graph Operator for some Standard Graphs
Authors: Harisha  , Ranjini P. S , Lokesha V. , Kumar Sandeep
Published: August 2020

Topological indices play a very important role in the mathematical chemistry. The topological indices are numerical parameters of a graph. The degree sequence is obtained by considering the set of vertex degree of a graph. Graph operators are the ones which are used to obtain another broader graphs. This paper attempts to find degree sequence of vertex–F join operation of graphs for some standard graphs.
Periodic orbit in the frame work of restricted three bodies under the asteroids belt effect
Authors: Abozaid Ahmed A. , Selim H. H. , Gadallah Kamel A. K. , Hassan I. A. , Abouelmagd Elbaz I.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical study on the perturbed restricted three bodies problem. We formulate the equations of motion of this problem, in the event of the asteroids belt perturbation. We find the locations of equilibrium points (collinear and triangular points) and analysis their linear stability. Furthermore the periodic orbits around both collinear and triangular points are found.
A Crank-Nicolson Approximation for the time Fractional Burgers Equation
Authors: Onal M. , Esen A.
Published: August 2020

In the present manuscript, Crank Nicolson finite difference method is going to be applied to get the approximate solutions for the fractional Burgers equation. The fractional derivative used in this equation is going to be taken into consideration in the Caputo sense. The L1 type discretization formula is going to be applied to this equation. For checking the efficiency of proposed methods, the error norms L
2 and L
∞ have at the same time been calculated. Those newly got solutions using the presented method illustrate the easy usage and efficiency of the approach presented in this manuscript.
Production of triploid, doubled haploid (DH) and meiogynogenetic brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) – efficiency and development of body deformities
Authors: Jagiełło Krzysztof , Polonis Marcin , Panasiak Ligia , Dobosz Stefan , Ocalewicz Konrad
Published: August 2020

In the present research we produced triploid, mitogynogenetic (doubled haploid; DH) and meiogynogenetic brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to examine efficiency of these technologies and potential susceptibility of chromosome set manipulated individuals for the spinal disorders. Triploidy was induced by shocking (High Hydrostatic Pressure – HHP) of fertilized eggs 30 min. after insemination. In turn, gynogenetic development was induced by activation of eggs with UV-irradiated sperm. Activated eggs were then exposed to HHP shock applied 30 and 420 minutes after insemination to provide meiogynogenotes and gynogenetic DHs, respectively. When compared to non-manipulated diploids, the highest survival rates were observed among triploid brook trout while DHs showed the highest mortality. Malformation rates in the diploid larvae from the control groups did not exceed 7.0% while percentage of malformed triploid individuals equaled 19.1%. Drastically increased number of deformed larvae (> 30%) was observed in both DH and meiogynogenetic individuals. Intensification of kyphosis and scoliosis was clearly demonstrated in the gynogenetic and triploid brook trout. Genetic factors such as increased number of sets of chromosomes in triploids and expression of lethal alleles in the gynogenetic fish plus side effects of HHP shock utilized for retention of the second polar body or inhibition of the first cell cleavage when induced triploid and gynogenetic development have been discussed to affect survival rates and prevalence for the skeletal deformities in the chromosome set manipulated brook trout.
Influence of partial replacement of some inorganic minerals with glycine complex and vitamin D3 source on performance, slaughter traits, sensory and physico-chemical characteristics of pheasant muscles (Phasianus colchicus L.) depending on gender
Authors: Grela Eugeniusz R. , Gugała Dariusz , Flis Marian
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of these substitutions on body weight and slaughtering performance, post-mortem changes, sensory characteristics and chemical composition of selected muscle groups of male and female pheasants. The tests were carried out on pheasants during 5–16 weeks of rearing in enclosed aviaries. Four groups of 8 females and 8 males were formed, and the experimental factor was the supplementation of calcium, iron, zinc and copper salts with glycinates of these elements. The control group received a feed blend containing 100% of the mineral requirement as salts. In the E-25 group, 25% of the salts were replaced by glycinates, in the E-50 group 50% of the salts were replaced, and in the E-75 group only glycinates comprising 75% of the total mineral content were used and no salts were included, with vitamin D3 replaced by calcitriol. For the duration of the study, feeding was at will and the birds had free access to water. In addition, pheasants were weighed at the age of 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Daily feed intake was monitored. At the end of the experiment, when all the pheasants were 16 weeks old, they were weighed and decapitated. The breast, thighs and drumsticks and the heart, liver and gizzard were removed from the chilled carcasses. Supplementation of calcium, iron, zinc and copper salts with 50% glycinates in feed mixtures for pheasants over a period of 5–16 weeks resulted in a slight improvement in the slaughter weight of birds and a significant increase in crude ash, calcium and zinc, while at 75% supplementation and when calcitriol was used instead of vitamin D3, increased phosphorus levels were found in the pheasant muscles analysed. Males had higher body weight, body weight gain, carcass, liver and gizzard weights, and their muscles had more magnesium and potassium and less calcium, sodium and iron than females.
Biosensors in Evaluation of Quality of Meat and Meat Products – A Review
Authors: Sionek Barbara , Przybylski Wiesław , Tambor Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

Biosensors can find application in meat and meat products testing for safety, including microbial and other contaminants, and quality, including meat freshness, beef tenderness and pork quality defects. The available biosensors enable the evaluation of freshness, the classification of tenderness of meat products, the evaluation of the glycolysis extent and the presence of the microbial and other contaminants. Since biosensors depend on receptor types, the expansion of knowledge on metabolic transformations occurring in meat contributes to the development of new potential markers and indicators. Examples include assays for glucose, lactates, hypoxanthines, calpastastins, microbial and other contaminants in meat products, augmenting conventional methods. At the same time, biosensors rely on transducers for detection, requiring achievement in many fields including nanotechnology and optics, among others. Biosensors have potential to become a fundamental tool for monitoring and controlling safety and quality of meat products in the future. Hence the aim of the present paper is to present the current state of knowledge on the application of biosensors in meat.
Aquaporins in the nervous structures supplying the digestive organs – a review
Authors: Gonkowski Slawomir
Published: August 2020

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of integral membrane proteins which form pores in cell membranes and take part in the transport of water, contributing to the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance and are widely distributed in various tissues and organs. The high expression of AQPs has been described in the digestive system, where large-scale absorption and secretion of fluids occurs. AQPs are also present in the nervous system, but the majority of studies have involved the central nervous system. This paper is a review of the literature concerning relatively little-known issues, i.e. the distribution and functions of AQPs in nervous structures supplying the digestive organs.