bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alviz Fernández, M. y Hernández de la Fuente, D. (Eds.) (2017). De ὅρος a limes: el concepto de frontera en el mundo antiguo y su recepción. Madrid: Escolar y Mayo editores. 256 págs.
Authors: Yepes de la Hoz Ethan
Published: September 2019

Cuando uno tiene la suerte de que llegue a sus manos un libro que trata la cultura antigua de tan forma tan relevante para el presente como De ὅρος a limes: el concepto de frontera en el mundo antiguo y su recepción, se siente agradecido. Quizá pudiera llevar a engaño un título, por lo demás perfectamente ajustado al contenido, que llevaría a pensar que se trata de otro trabajo académico y erudito más sobre la antigüedad. Y, en efecto, guarda el rigor y el buen hacer del trabajo universitario, pues se trata de la publicación de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación de dos años (entre 2012 y 2014), bajo el mismo título y a cargo del Dr. David Hernández de la Fuente (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); proyecto vinculado a la UNED, con la participación de otras universidades e investigadores nacionales e internacionales.
Goñi Zabalegui, A. (2018). Género y sociedad en el Egipto romano. Una Mirada desde las cartas de mujeres. Oviedo: Ediciones de la Universidad de Oviedo. 360 págs.
Authors: Izquierdo Perales Alejandra
Published: September 2019

La doctora Goñi Zabalegui nos sumerge, a partir de las cartas de las mujeres en el Egipto romano, en la historia social de Egipto bajo el dominio del Imperio. Esta publicación es la adaptación en formato libro de la tesis doctoral de la autora, Cartas papiráceas de mujeres del Egipto Romano: género y sociedad. Esta obra se incluye dentro de la Colección Deméter vinculada al grupo de investigación Deméter. Maternidad, género y familia de la Universidad de Oviedo, cuyo objetivo es la implantación y desarrollo de los estudios de género a través de dicha colección monográ ca.
Las advertencias de Quilón y Solón sobre la tiranía de Pisístrato.
Authors: Iriarte Unai
Published: September 2019

La manera en la que conformamos una determinada memoria a partir de hechos trágicos de nuestro pasado repercute en el conocimiento que tenemos de dicho pasado. En el presente artículo se pretende dirimir la veracidad de dos episodios a través de los cuales Quilón de Esparta y Solón de Atenas, dos de los Siete Sabios de la antigua Grecia, avisan de las intenciones de Pisístrato en la consecución de su tiranía. Para ello se analizan ambos casos por separado, atendiendo al contexto de las fuentes y su evolución histórica, a n de entender su plasmación en la historiografía de los siglos V y IV a. C. El análisis historiográ co de estos dos acontecimientos en sus respectivas fuentes nos permite concluir que ambos avisos eran más literarios que históricos.

The way in which we shape a particular memory based on tragic facts of the past has an e ect on the knowledge we have of that past. In this article, we aim to discern the reliability of two episodes in which Chilon of Sparta and Solon of Athens, two of the Seven Wise men of ancient Greece, warn about Pisistrato’s becoming a tyrant. Hence we analyse both cases separately, paying special attention to the sources and their historical evolution, in order to understand these episodes’ presence in the historiography of the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. Historiographical analysis of both stories in their respective sources let us conclude that both warnings were more literary than historical.
L’encadrement juridique du sociofinancement au Québec
Authors: Cumyn Michelle , Justin Ilboudo Wend-Nongdo
Published: September 2019

Le sociofinancement désigne un appel au public, diffusé par l’entremise d’une plateforme Internet, dans le but de recueillir des fonds. Le sociofinancement sous forme de dons ou de « prévente » est le plus répandu, mais il a peu retenu l’attention des juristes et des gouvernements jusqu’à présent. Plusieurs qualifications doivent être envisagées en cette matière, selon que le porteur de projet est le destinataire final des sommes recueillies ou qu’il s’engage plutôt à les verser à d’autres personnes ou à les employer pour la réalisation d’une fin d’utilité privée ou sociale. Or, différents problèmes découlent de ces qualifications, qui influent tantôt sur la validité des dons, tantôt sur les droits et les obligations des personnes visées. Les auteurs recommandent que le Québec adopte la Loi uniforme sur les appels informels aux dons du public pour pallier les lacunes du droit actuel. Pour leur part, les autorités canadiennes en valeurs mobilières ont conçu des régimes élaborés pour permettre le sociofinancement sous forme d’investissements, tout en protégeant les contributeurs. Pourtant, ce type de sociofinancement connaît un succès mitigé. Les auteurs abordent, en terminant, l’application connexe du droit fiscal et du droit de la consommation.
A toolbox of nanobodies developed and validated for use as intrabodies and nanoscale immunolabels in mammalian brain neurons
Authors: Dong Jie-Xian , Lee Yongam , Kirmiz Michael , Palacio Stephanie , Dumitras Camelia , Moreno Claudia M , Sando Richard , Santana L Fernando , Südhof Thomas C , Gong Belvin , Murray Karl D , Trimmer James S
Published: September 2019

Nanobodies (nAbs) are small, minimal antibodies that have distinct attributes that make them uniquely suited for certain biomedical research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Prominent uses include as intracellular antibodies or intrabodies to bind and deliver cargo to specific proteins and/or subcellular sites within cells, and as nanoscale immunolabels for enhanced tissue penetration and improved spatial imaging resolution. Here, we report the generation and validation of nAbs against a set of proteins prominently expressed at specific subcellular sites in mammalian brain neurons. We describe a novel hierarchical validation pipeline to systematically evaluate nAbs isolated by phage display for effective and specific use as intrabodies and immunolabels in mammalian cells including brain neurons. These nAbs form part of a robust toolbox for targeting proteins with distinct and highly spatially-restricted subcellular localization in mammalian brain neurons, allowing for visualization and/or modulation of structure and function at those sites.
Effect of Time Management Workshops in Reducing the Social Procrastination among Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Morteza Bagi Hamid Reza , Rajaei Ghafouri Rouzbeh , Ojaghihaghighi Seyedhossein , Ameli Hoorolnesa
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims: Medical errors are important in all fields of medicine and have larger consequences in risky and stressful fields like emergency medicine. Social carelessness can cause these errors. On the other hand better understanding of time perception can lead to increased power of management and better decision making. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of time management education on social procrastination among emergency medicine residents.Material and Methods: In this interventional study, 25 residents in intervention group had a time management workshops for two weeks and we evaluated them for social procrastination before and after intervention. 25 residents were studied and compared as control group. Results: Both groups were matched according to baseline findings. Married residents compared to single ones had significantly lower procrastination score (p=0.02). The serial changes in procrastination score after the workshop in intervention group was significantly higher that control group (p=0.006). Conclusion: Education time management skills workshops could be effective in reducing social procrastination among emergency medicine residents. Married residents possibly due to responsiveness in their marriage and management skills have low procrastination.
Incidence and risk of dialysis therapy within 30 days after contrast enhanced computed tomography in patients coded with chronic kidney disease: a nation-wide, population-based study
Authors: Shih Yun-Ju , Kuo Yu-Ting , Ho Chung-Han , Wu Chia-Chun , Ko Ching-Chung
Published: September 2019

Background

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered at risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury and possible subsequent need for dialysis therapy. Computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly performed examination requiring intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) injection. The actual risk of dialysis in CKD patients undergoing CT with ICM remains controversial. Furthermore, it is also uncertain whether these at-risk patients can be identified by means of administrative data. Our study is conducted in order to determine the incidence and risk of dialysis within 30 days after undergoing contrast enhanced CT in CKD coded patients.

Methods

This longitudinal, nation-wide, populated-based study is carried out by analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database retrospectively. Patients coded under the diagnosis of CKD who underwent CT are identified within randomly selected one million subjects of the database. From January 2012 to December 2013, 487 patients had undergone CT with ICM. A total of 924 patients who underwent CT without ICM are selected as the control group. Patients with advanced CKD or intensive care unit (ICU) admissions are assigned to the subgroups for analysis. The primary outcome is measured by dialysis events within 30 days after undergoing CT scans. The cumulative incidence is assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The risk of 30-day dialysis relative to the control group is analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline comorbidities.

Results

The numbers and percentages of dialysis events within 30 days after undergoing CT scans are 20 (4.1%) in the CT with ICM group and 66 (7.1%) in the CT without ICM group (p = 0.03). However, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for 30-day dialysis was 0.84 (95% CI [0.46–1.54], p = 0.57), which is statistically non-significant. In both advanced CKD and ICU admission subgroups, there are also no significant differences in 30-day dialysis risks with the aHR of 1.12 (95% CI [0.38–3.33], p = 0.83) and 0.95 (95% CI [0.44–2.05], p = 0.90), respectively.

Conclusions

Within 30 days of receiving contrast-enhanced CT scans, 4.1% of CKD coded patients required dialysis, which appear to be lower compared with subjects who received non-contrast CT scans. However, no statistically significant difference is observed after adjustments are made for other baseline conditions. Thereby, the application of administrative data to identify patients with CKD cannot be viewed as a risk factor for the necessity to undergo dialysis within 30 days of receiving contrast-enhanced CT scans.
Unexpected gap creating two peaks in the periods of planets of metal‐rich sunlike single stars
Authors: Taylor Stuart F.
Published: September 2019

The pileup of planets at periods of roughly 1 year and beyond is actually a bimodal peak with a wide, sharp gap splitting the peak of the pileup in a major population of large planets. Consisting of nearly 40% of planets with periods past 200 days, the periods of the planets of metal‐rich stars like the sun in surface gravity, which do not have a stellar companion, show two strong peaks separated by a sparsely populated region. Monte Carlo tests show that this structure is unlikely to occur in random distributions, and a comparison with objects from all the other populations shows that this feature is unlikely to be due to observational effects. The peaks have their highest density next to the gap. These two peaks are most strongly seen in single‐planet systems, though the gap persists in multiple planet systems. These features are likely characteristics of planets with masses not too much lower than Jupiter, and perhaps not too much higher. The presence of well‐defined features in the period distribution shows that planet formation may be much more uniform than previously expected.
Effect of the addition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts on the rheological, textural, and antioxidant activity of fermented milks
Authors: Su Nana , Ye Ziyang , Li Jinglei , Yang Liuqing , Hou Guohua , Ye Ming
Published: September 2019

The study aims to evaluate the rheological, textural, and antioxidant activity of fermented milks with the addition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts at concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% (CFM, RFM1, RFM2, and RFM3). The chemical composition of the fermented milks, including crude protein, fat, ash, total solids and non‐fat solids, were also determined. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) detected 42, 46, 47, and 49 kinds of volatile flavour compounds in CFM, RFM1, RFM2, and RFM3, respectively. The antioxidant activity of fermented milks was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant power and scavenging capacities for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals during 28 days of refrigerated storage. The results of this study are of great significance to improve the understanding and application of roselle extracts in the food industry. Both roselle and fermented milk are beneficial to human health, with many biological activities, such as antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, liver‐protecting, and antihypertensive properties; however, no attention has been paid to the combined effects of roselle and fermented milks. The study created a novel fermented milk and the results indicate that 0.3% roselle extracts can play the most important role in affecting the rheological, textural properties, and antioxidant activity of fermented milks, so this modification of fermented milk shows promise for potential application in the food industry.
Selective Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde to Benzyl Alcohol Over Alumina Supported Gold
Authors: Hao Yufen , Pischetola Chiara , Cárdenas-Lizana Fernando , Keane Mark A.
Published: September 2019

We report for the first time 100% benzyl alcohol yield from the liquid phase (T = 353 K,P = 9 bar) hydrogenation of benzaldehyde over Au/Al2O3. Under the same reaction conditions, a benchmark Pt/Al2O3catalyst promoted the formation of toluene and benzene as hydrogenolysis by-products. Reaction kinetics was subjected to a Hammett treatment and the reaction constant (ρ = 0.9) was found to be consistent with a nucleophilic mechanism. A solvent (alcohol, water and alcohol + water) effect is demonstrated and ascribed to competitive adsorption where solvation by polar (water) facilitates benzaldehyde activation.

Graphic Abstract
Application of artificial intelligence to estimate phycocyanin pigment concentration using water quality data: a comparative study
Authors: Heddam Salim , Sanikhani Hadi , Kisi Ozgur
Published: September 2019

In the present investigation, the usefulness and capabilities of four artificial intelligence (AI) models, namely feedforward neural networks (FFNNs), gene expression programming (GEP), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with grid partition (ANFIS-GP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with subtractive clustering (ANFIS-SC), were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their predictive ability of the phycocyanin pigment concentration (PC) using data from two stations operated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Four water quality parameters, namely temperature, pH, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen, were utilized for PC concentration estimation. The four models were evaluated using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute errors (MAEs) and correlation coefficient (R). The results showed that the ANFIS-SC provided more accurate predictions in comparison with ANFIS-GP, GEP and FFNN for both stations. For USGS 06892350 station, the R, RMSE and MAE values in the test phase for ANFIS-SC were 0.955, 0.205 μg/L and 0.148 μg/L, respectively. Similarly, for USGS 14211720 station, the R, RMSE and MAE values in the test phase for ANFIS-SC, respectively, were 0.950, 0.050 μg/L and 0.031 μg/L. Also, using several combinations of the input variables, the results showed that the ANFIS-SC having only temperature and pH as inputs provided good accuracy, with R, RMSE and MAE values in the test phase, respectively, equal to 0.917, 0.275 μg/L and 0.200 μg/L for USGS 06892350 station. This study proved that artificial intelligence models are good and powerful tools for predicting PC concentration using only water quality variables as predictors.
Relative Body Weight and Standardised Brightness-Mode Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat in Athletes: An International Multicentre Reliability Study, Under the Auspices of the IOC Medical Commission
Authors: Müller Wolfram , Fürhapter-Rieger Alfred , Ahammer Helmut , Lohman Timothy G. , Meyer Nanna L. , Sardinha Luis B. , Stewart Arthur D. , Maughan Ronald J. , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Müller Tom , Harris Margaret , Kirihennedige Nuwanee , Magalhaes Joao P. , Melo Xavier , Pirstinger Wolfram , Reguant-Closa Alba , Risoul-Salas Vanessa , Ackland Timothy R.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Fat is a metabolic fuel, but excess body fat is ballast mass, and therefore, many elite athletes reduce body fat to dangerously low levels. Uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured by brightness-mode ultrasound (US) provides an estimate of body fat content.

Methods

The accuracy for determining tissue borders is about 0.1–0.2 mm and reliability (experienced measurers) was within ± 1.4 mm (95% limit of agreement, LOA). We present here inter- and intra-measurer scores of three experienced US measurers from each of the centres C1 and C2, and of three novice measurers from each of the centres C3–C5. Each of the five centres measured 16 competitive adult athletes of national or international level, except for one centre where the number was 12. The following sports were included: artistic gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, power lifting, rowing, kayak, soccer, tennis, rugby, basketball, field hockey, water polo, volleyball, American football, triathlon, swimming, cycling, long-distance running, mid-distance running, hurdles, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and ice hockey. SAT contour was detected semi-automatically: typically, 100 thicknesses of SAT at a given site (i.e., in a given image), with and without fibrous structures, were measured.

Results

At SAT thickness sums DI(of eight standardised sites) between 6.0 and 70.0 mm, the LOA of experienced measurers was 1.2 mm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC was 0.998; novice measurers: 3.1 mm and 0.988. Intra-measurer differences were similar. The median DIvalue of all 39 female participants was 51 mm (11% fibrous structures) compared to 17 mm (18%) in the 37 male participants.

Discussion

DImeasurement accuracy and precision enables detection of fat mass changes of approximately 0.2 kg. Such reliability has not been reached with any other method. Although females’ median body mass index and mass index were lower than those of males, females’ median DIwas three times higher, and their percentage of fibrous structures was lower. The standardised US method provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring SAT and thus changes in body fat, but training of measurers is important.
Ash pollen allergy and aerobiology
Authors: Gassner Markus , Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter , Clot Bernard
Published: September 2019

Background

Allergy to ash pollen is common in some parts of Europe. Sensitization is overlooked if Oleaceae pollen allergens are not included in screening tests.

Methods

Between 1983 and 2007, sensitization to aeroallergens was systematically investigated using serological methods in 15-year-old school children (Immuno-CAP [carrier polymer] test). Samples from 1986 and 2006 were also tested using the immuno-solid-phase allergen chip (ISAC) assay. School children with sensitizations in 1986 were retested in 2010. Airborne pollen concentrations were determined by the Swiss pollen measuring network.

Results

Sensitization (>0.7 kU/l) to ash pollen (Fraxinus americana t15)—16.3% (102/627)—was more frequent than to birch pollen (Betula verrucosa t3): 15.3% (96/627). ISAC assays performed in children in 1986 and 2006 revealed higher molecular seroprevalence for nOle e 1 (15%; 15/100) compared to rBet v 1 (12%; 12/100). Followed-up subjects (age, 39) showed an increase in sensitizations to ash pollen. IgE levels to pollen from indigenous ash (Fraxinus excelsior t25) were higher than to pollen from American ash (Fraxinus americana t15). Low ash pollen emission levels were recorded at all measuring sites in Switzerland every 2–4 years. The infection of ashes by Chalara fraxinea resulted in increased emission of ash pollen.

Conclusion

Symptoms in individuals sensitized to ash pollen vary according to the pollen count and may be masked by pollen from other trees that flower at the same time of year. Sensitization to ash/Ole e 1 can be higher than to birch/Bet v 1. The determination of IgE to common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is more sensitive than to American ash (Fraxinus americana). Ash dieback due to Chalara appears to increase pollen emission. Allergies to ash pollen can be significantly underestimated due to a failure to (correctly) identify them; they can also be masked by other pollen families (birch). Harmful organisms such as Chalara can intensify pollen emissions at least temporarily.
Big Data and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare and Research
Authors: Ballantyne Angela , Stewart Cameron
Published: September 2019

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are established to specifically harness the potential of Big Data in healthcare and can include partners working across the data chain—producing health data, analysing data, using research results or creating value from data. This domain paper will illustrate the challenges that arise when partners from the public and private sector collaborate to share, analyse and use biomedical Big Data. We discuss three specific challenges for PPPs: working within the social licence, public antipathy to the commercialisation of public sector health data, and questions of ownership, both of the data and any resulting intellectual property or products. As a specific example we consider the case of the UK National Health Service (NHS) providing patient data to Google’s DeepMind AI program to develop a diagnostic app for kidney disease. This article is an application of the framework presented in this issue of ABR (Xafis et al. 2019). Please refer to that article for more information on how this framework is to be used, including a full explanation of the key values involved and the balancing approach used in the case study at the end. We use four specific values to help analysis these issues: public benefit, stewardship, transparency and engagement. We demonstrate how the Deliberative Framework can support ethical governance of PPPs involving biomedical big data.
KING OF THE FOUR QUARTERS: DIVERSITY AS A RHETORICAL STRATEGY OF THE NEO-ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
Authors: DeGrado J.
Published: September 2019

Recent studies of cultural interaction in the Assyrian empire have focused on the process of assimilation and the production of alterity. In this article, I argue that Assyrian royal rhetoric goes beyond emphasizing simple difference, instead using depictions of cultural diversity to demonstrate the truly universal nature of the empire. I elucidate this rhetoric by comparison the world fairs of the 19th and early 20th-centuries. These fairs advanced European imperialism by allowing visitors to explore the vast extent of empire. I argue that the enumeration of exotic tribute in Assyrian texts and the iconographic depiction of foreigners on reliefs similarly served to concretize Assyrian power. Unlike modern European empires, however, Assyrians did not consider ethnicity to be constitutive of citizenship. Thus, while the Assyrian approach to diversity was certainly instrumentalizing, it was also inclusive of cultural difference. In this respect, the Assyrian understanding of human diversity shares much in common with the way the empire treated other types of difference, ranging from topographic variation to biodiversity. From the imperial vantage point, each of these elements had the potential to be tamed in a way that highlighted the control of the king over the four quarters of the world.
Non-linear flow modelling of a Martian Lobate Debris Apron
Authors: Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Hvidberg Christine Schøtt , Kim Jung Rack , Karlsson Nanna Bjørnholt
Published: September 2019

The Martian mid-latitudes contain numerous small water-ice deposits, collectively termed viscous flow features (VFFs). The shape and topography of the deposits contain information on their past flow history and formation process. In order to access this information, it is imperative to get information on their deformational properties. Here we use a high-resolution digital topography map and ice-penetrating radar data in combination with an inverse method to constrain the deformational properties of a lobate debris apron, a class of VFF, in the southern hemisphere of Mars. We find that while the creep parameter and accumulation rates are not well constrained in absolute values, their ratio is robust. We also find that the creep exponent is most likely n ≤ 3.
Spectral reflectance behavior of different boreal snow types
Authors: Hannula Henna-Reetta , Pulliainen Jouni
Published: September 2019

Spectral reflectance of natural snow samples representing various stratigraphies was investigated in a controlled dark laboratory environment. Mean and Std dev. of band specific reflectance values were determined for several satellite sensor bands utilized in remote sensing of snow. The reflectance values for dry, moist, wet and wet and littered snow for different instruments varied between 0.63–0.97 in the visible and near-infrared bands at an incoming light zenith angle of θ = 55°. The results indicate that in MODIS band 4 (545–565 nm), essential to snow mapping, the reflectance of snow drops by 9% when dry snow changes to wet snow and by a further 10% when typical forest litter inclusions exist on the wet snow surface. A separate investigation of individual snow types revealed that they can be grouped either as dry or wet snow based on their spectral behavior. However, some snow types were located between these two distinct groups, such as snow with near-surface melt-freeze crusts, and could not be clearly distinguished. The reflectance statistics collected and analyzed here can be directly used to refine accuracy characterization and parametrization of snow mapping algorithms, such as the SCAmod method, used for the mapping of snow cover area.
Iron deficiency in healthy 18-month-old Danish children is associated with no oral iron supplementation in infancy and prolonged exclusive breast-feeding
Authors: Andersen Anh Thao N. , Husby Steffen , Kyhl Henriette B. , Sandberg Maria B. , Sander Stine D. , Mølgaard Christian
Published: September 2019

Fe deficiency (ID) defined as plasma ferritin <12 µg/l is associated with delayed cognitive development in early childhood and increased incidence of infections; however, the longitudinal association between early-life factors and ID in 18-month-old children in Denmark is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ID and to describe risk factors associated with ID in healthy 18-month-old Danish children. Blood samples, anthropometric measurements and self-reported questionnaire data had been obtained in the birth cohort, Odense Child Cohort. The questionnaires were modified from those used in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Plasma ferritin and C-reactive protein in venous, non-fasting samples were analysed in the final sample size of 370 children after exclusion of seventy-nine children due to chronic disease, acute infection, C-reactive protein >10 mg/l, twin birth or prematurity. Associations with ID were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for sex, maternal education, duration of partial breast-feeding and current intake of milk, fish and meat. Overall, fifty-six children had ID (15·1 %). Factors associated with increased risk were exclusive breast-feeding beyond 4 months (OR 5·97; 95 % CI 1·63, 21·86) and no intake of oral Fe supplements from 6 to 12 months (OR 3·99, 95 % CI 1·33, 11·97. Duration of partial breast-feeding and current diet was not associated with ID. In conclusion, the ID prevalence was 15·1 %, and both exclusive breast-feeding beyond 4 months and no intake of oral Fe supplements from 6 to 12 months were associated with increased risk of ID in 18-month-old children.
Inconsequential Declarations of Unconstitutionality and Unconstitutional Consequential Orders: The Case ofProfessor Stephen Kwaku Asare v Attorney General and General Legal Council
Authors: Asare Stephen Kwaku
Published: September 2019

Ghana's Supreme Court recently held that the regulator of the legal profession violated the country's constitution when it imposed extralegal admission requirements on LLB degree holders seeking entry to the School of Law. Nevertheless, the court relied on the prospective overruling doctrine to issue consequential orders that allowed the regulator to persist with its unconstitutional actions and left the constitutionally-injured students without a remedy. Judges employ the prospective overruling doctrine when they invalidate prior statutes or precedents while simultaneously limiting the effect of the new rule to future cases. Here, however, the court did not invalidate a statute or a precedent, mooting the issue of the temporal effect of a new rule. Rather, the court found that the regulator's actions had violated the constitution and it misapplied the prospective overruling doctrine to validate the violation. Consequently, the court's consequential orders undermined its declarations of unconstitutionality, rendering the latter inconsequential.
Designing Human-like Behaviors for Anthropomorphic Arm in Humanoid Robot NAO
Authors: Wei Yuan , Zhao Jing
Published: September 2019

Human-like motion of robots can improve human–robot interaction and increase the efficiency. In this paper, a novel human-like motion planning strategy is proposed to help anthropomorphic arms generate human-like movements accurately. The strategy consists of three parts: movement primitives, Bayesian network (BN), and a novel coupling neural network (CPNN). The movement primitives are used to decouple the human arm movements. The classification of arm movements improves the accuracy of human-like movements. The motion-decision algorithm based on BN is able to predict occurrence probabilities of the motions and choose appropriate mode of motion. Then, a novel CPNN is proposed to solve the inverse kinematics problems of anthropomorphic arms. The CPNN integrates different models into a single network and reflects the features of these models by changing the network structure. Through the strategy, the anthropomorphic arms can generate various human-like movements with satisfactory accuracy. Finally, the availability of the proposed strategy is verified by simulations for the general motion of humanoid NAO.
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF GLOBBA SECT. NUDAE SUBSECT. MEDIOCALCARATAE (ZINGIBERACEAE)
Authors: Sangvirotjanapat S. , Denduangboriphant J. , Newman M. F.
Published: September 2019

Globba sect. Nudae subsect. Mediocalcaratae (K.Schum.) K.J.Williams is revised. Nineteen species are recognised. Eight names are lectotypified, three names are newly placed in synonymy, and two names are neotypified. A key to the species and descriptions are provided. Nine new species are described and illustrated: Globba argyrocycnos Sangvir. & M.F.Newman, G. cataractarum Sangvir. & M.F.Newman, G. chrysochila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman, G. decora Sangvir. & M.F.Newman, G. lilacina Sangvir. & M.F.Newman, G. newmanii Sangvir., G. nitens Sangvir. & M.F.Newman, G. pycnostachys Sangvir. & M.F.Newman and G. pyrrhopoikila Sangvir. & M.F.Newman. Six names based on five types from Thailand and the Philippines remain doubtful. Andromonoecy in this subsection is defined. Provisional IUCN conservation assessments of all species are supplied.
Back to a future civilization: cities and countryside in the ‘Third Italy’
Authors: Bartolini Francesco
Published: September 2019

In the last three decades of the twentieth century, the relationship between the city and rural areas in central and north-eastern Italy was a much-debated issue particularly with regard to the existence of a macroregion (the ‘Third Italy’) where a new model of economic development was flourishing. Social scientists and politicians stressed the specific territorial organization of the phenomenon, marked by finely integrated urban and rural environments. Even today, this interconnection is sometimes considered in public discourse not only as characteristic of a national Italian identity, but also as a model for more sustainable social organization.
Characterizing energy intake misreporting and its effects on intake estimations, in the Portuguese adult population
Authors: Magalhães Vânia , Severo Milton , Torres Duarte , Ramos Elisabete , Lopes Carla ,   by IAN-AF Consortium
Published: September 2019

Objective:

The aim of the current study was to evaluate energy intake misreporting prevalence, its associated factors and its effects on nutrient intake, in the Portuguese population aged from 18 to 84 years.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Portugal.

Subjects:

Adults participants from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, IAN-AF, 2015–2016, who provided two complete 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information.

Results:

Under, plausible and over-reporters were identified according to the Goldberg method. Total misreporting prevalence was 29·9 %, being 28·5 % of under-reporting and 1·4 % of over-reporting. The current study found higher odds of being classified as an under-reporter especially in participants with higher BMI and in those who self-reported health perception status as non-favourable. Energy intake estimation increases by 853.5 kJ/d (204 kcal/d) when misreporters are excluded, and the same tendency is observed for macro and micronutrients. It is worth mentioning that the prevalence of inadequacy for protein intake decreases by about 5 % when considering plausible reporters.

Conclusions:

The exclusion of misreporters has a small impact on the crude energy and nutrient estimates as well as on assessing the contribution of nutrients to total energy intake. However, a moderate impact was observed in the estimation of nutrient inadequacy prevalence.
Food cultures and aging: a qualitative study of grandparents’ food perceptions and influence of food choice on younger generations
Authors: Criss Shaniece , Horhota Michelle , Wiles Kayla , Norton Julia , St. Hilaire Kyle J , Short Mary Anne , Blomquist Kerstin K
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To explore food perceptions among grandparents and understand the influence of these perceptions on food choice for the younger generations in their family.

Design:

Qualitative methodology, thematic analysis of the transcripts from fourteen focus groups.

Setting:

Grandparents in the southern region of the United States.

Subjects:

Participants were fifty-eight Black, Hispanic, and White grandparents, predominantly women (72%), ranging in age from 44–86 years (mean age = 65·4 (sd 9·97) years).

Results:

Grandparents’ perceptions related to personal food choice were related to health issues and the media. Grandparents’ perceived influence on their children’s and grandchildren’s food choices was described through the themes of proximity and power (level of influence based on an interaction of geographic proximity to grandchildren and the power given to them by their children and grandchildren to make food decisions), healthy v. unhealthy spoiling, cultural food tradition, and reciprocal exchange of knowledge.

Conclusion:

Our results highlight areas for future research including nutrition interventions for older adults as well as factors that may be helpful to consider when engaging grandparents concerning food decisions for younger generations to promote health. Specifically, power should be assessed as part of a holistic approach to addressing dietary influence, the term ‘healthy spoiling’ can be used to reframe notions of traditional spoiling, and the role of cultural food tradition should be adapted differently by race.
Correction: Neurobiological roots of psychopathy
Authors: Tiihonen Jari , Koskuvi Marja , Lähteenvuo Markku , Virtanen Pekka L. J. , Ojansuu Ilkka , Vaurio Olli , Gao Yanyan , Hyötyläinen Ida , Puttonen Katja A. , Repo-Tiihonen Eila , Paunio Tiina , Rautiainen Marja-Riitta , Tyni Sasu , Koistinaho Jari , Lehtonen Šárka
Published: September 2019

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Aberrant HER3 ligand heregulin-expressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is resistant to anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, but not second-generation EGFR-TKI
Authors: Yonesaka Kimio , Tanaka Kaoru , Kitano Mutsukazu , Kawakami Hisato , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Takeda Masayuki , Sakai Kazuko , Nishio Kazuto , Doi Katsumi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: September 2019

The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab is standard therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most HNSCC tumors are resistant to it and require alternative treatments. Here, we explored the mechanism of cetuximab resistance and evaluated its clinical relevance in HNSCC. An unbiased comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed on cetuximab-resistant HNSCC FaDuCR cells. The causative resistance genome was knocked down with siRNA, cell signaling was immunologically analyzed, and drug efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) of the causative genome was performed using 28 excised HNSCC tumors and its relationship with cetuximab efficacy was analyzed. FaDuCR cells were resistant to cetuximab, whereas parental FaDu cells were susceptible to it. FaDuCR cells expressed consistently higher levels of phosphorylated Akt than FaDu cells despite cetuximab exposure. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that the HER3-ligand heregulin was upregulated in FaDuCR cells compared to FaDu cells. Heregulin knockdown in FaDuCR cells repressed HER3 and Akt phosphorylation and recovered cetuximab anticancer efficacy. In contrast, pan-HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as afatinib decreased HER3 and Akt phosphorylation in FaDuCR cells and inhibited FaDuCR tumor growth. Two of the 28 HNSCC tumor samples presented aberrant heregulin expression comparable to that of FaDuCR cells and were resistant to cetuximab therapy. In HNSCC, heregulin-mediated HER3-Akt activation causes resistance to cetuximab but not to second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Subpopulations with aberrant heregulin-expressing HNSCC might be resistant to cetuximab.
TXNDC12 promotes EMT and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activation of β-catenin
Authors: Yuan Kefei , Xie Kunlin , Lan Tian , Xu Lin , Chen Xiangzheng , Li Xuefeng , Liao Mingheng , Li Jiaxin , Huang Jiwei , Zeng Yong , Wu Hong
Published: September 2019

Metastasis is one of the main contributors to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of HCC metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that TXNDC12, a thioredoxin-like protein, was upregulated in highly metastatic HCC cell lines as well as in portal vein tumor thrombus and lung metastasis tissues of HCC patients. We found that the enforced expression of TXNDC12 promoted metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that TXNDC12 promoted metastasis through upregulation of the ZEB1-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We subsequently showed that TXNDC12 overexpression stimulated the nuclear translocation and activation of β-catenin, a positive transcriptional regulator of ZEB1. Accordingly, we found that TXNDC12 interacted with β-catenin and that the thioredoxin-like domain of TXNDC12 was essential for the interaction between TXNDC12 and β-catenin as well as for TXNDC12-mediated β-catenin activation. Moreover, high levels of TXNDC12 in clinical HCC tissues correlated with elevated nuclear β-catenin levels and predicted worse overall and disease-free survival. In summary, our study demonstrated that TXNDC12 could activate β-catenin via protein–protein interaction and promote ZEB1-mediated EMT and HCC metastasis.
LncRNA SNHG14/miR-5590-3p/ZEB1 positive feedback loop promoted diffuse large B cell lymphoma progression and immune evasion through regulating PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint
Authors: Zhao Lina , Liu Ye , Zhang Jingbo , Liu Yan , Qi Qi
Published: September 2019

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the commonest disorder derived from the B-lymphocytes. Inhibiting the immune checkpoint through naturalizing programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is proved to be a successful therapeutic regime for lymphoma. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are unceasingly reported to be promising biological targets for the cancer therapies. This study planned to explore the regulation of small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) on DLBCL. SNHG14 level in DLBCL samples and cell lines was analyzed by GEPIA bioinformatics tool and RT-qPCR. Biological functions of SNHG14 in DLBCL were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, and transwell invasion assays. Molecular interaction was determined by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and luciferase reporter assays. MiR-5590-3p-related pathway was identified through KEGG pathway analysis applying DAVID6.8 online bioinformatics tool. Effect of SNHG14 on CD8+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results depicted that SNHG14 was upregulated in DLBCL and its depletion retarded proliferation, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, SNHG14 sponged miR-5590-3p to upregulate Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and ZEB1 transcriptionally activated SNHG14 and PD-L1 to promote the immune evasion of DLBCL cells. In conclusion, we firstly showed that SNHG14/miR-5590-3p/ZEB1 positive feedback loop promoted diffuse large B cell lymphoma progression and immune evasion through regulating PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint, indicating that targeting SNHG14 was a potential approach to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in DLBCL.
MiR-532-3p suppresses colorectal cancer progression by disrupting the ETS1/TGM2 axis-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Gu Chuncai , Cai Jianqun , Xu Zhijun , Zhou Shiming , Ye Liangying , Yan Qun , Zhang Yue , Fang Yuxin , Liu Yongfeng , Tu Chenge , Wang Xinke , He Juan , Li Qingyuan , Han Lu , Lin Xin , Li Aimin , Liu Side
Published: September 2019

The expression panel of plasma microRNA defined miR-532-3p as a valuable biomarker for colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, its expression pattern and function in colorectal cancer (CRC) have remained unclear. The present study investigated the expression levels of miR-532-3p and found that it was in situ downregulated both in CRA and CRC. Moreover, it functioned as a sensitizer for chemotherapy in CRC by inducing cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis via its activating effects on p53 and apoptotic signaling pathways. In addition, miR-532-3p was found to restrain cell growth, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of CRC. A study on the mechanism behind these effects revealed that miR-532-3p directly binds to 3′UTR regions of ETS1 and TGM2, ultimately repressing the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further investigation showed that TGM2 was transcriptionally regulated by ETS1 and ETS1/TGM2 axis served as a vital functional target of miR-532-3p in suppressing CRC progression. To conclude, miR-532-3p mimics could act as potential candidate for molecular therapy in CRC through inactivation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhancement of chemosensitivity.
Dissociation of mitochondrial HK-II elicits mitophagy and confers cardioprotection against ischemia
Authors: Tan Valerie P. , Smith Jeffrey M. , Tu Michelle , Yu Justin D. , Ding Eric Y. , Miyamoto Shigeki
Published: September 2019

Preservation of mitochondrial integrity is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Mitophagy is a mitochondria-specific type of autophagy which eliminates damaged mitochondria thereby contributing to mitochondrial quality control. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential is an established mechanism for inducing mitophagy, mediated through PINK1 stabilization and Parkin recruitment to mitochondria. Hexokinase-II (HK-II) which catalyzes the first step in glucose metabolism, also functions as a signaling molecule to regulate cell survival, and a significant fraction of cellular HK-II is associated with mitochondria (mitoHK-II). We demonstrate here that pharmacological interventions and adenoviral expression of a mitoHK-II dissociating peptide which reduce mitoHK-II levels lead to robust increases in mitochondrial Parkin and ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins in cardiomyocytes and in a human glioblastoma cell line 1321N1, independent of mitochondrial membrane depolarization or PINK1 accumulation. MitoHK-II dissociation-induced mitophagy was demonstrated using Mito-Keima in cardiomyocytes and in 1321N1 cells. Subjecting cardiomyocytes or the in vivo heart to ischemia leads to modest dissociation of mitoHK-II. This response is potentiated by expression of the mitoHK-II dissociating peptide, which increases Parkin recruitment to mitochondria and, importantly, provides cardioprotection against ischemic stress. These results suggest that mitoHK-II dissociation is a physiologically relevant cellular event that is induced by ischemic stress, the enhancement of which protects against ischemic damage. The mechanism which underlies the effects of mitoHK-II dissociation can be attributed to the ability of Bcl2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5), an inhibitor of Parkin, to localize to mitochondria and form a molecular complex with HK-II. Overexpression of BAG5 attenuates while knockdown of BAG5 sensitizes the effect of mitoHK-II dissociation on mitophagy. We suggest that HK-II, a glycolytic molecule, can function as a sensor for metabolic derangements at mitochondria to trigger mitophagy, and modulating the intracellular localization of HK-II could be a novel way of regulating mitophagy to prevent cell death induced by ischemic stress.
Regulation of the Notch-ATM-abl axis by geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibition
Authors: Agabiti Sherry S. , Li Jin , Dong Willie , Poe Michael M. , Wiemer Andrew J.
Published: September 2019

Notch proteins drive oncogenesis of many cancers, most prominently T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Because geranylgeranylated Rab proteins regulate Notch processing, we hypothesized that inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) would impair Notch processing and reduce viability of T-ALL cells that express Notch. Here, we show that GGDPS inhibition reduces Notch1 expression and impairs the proliferation of T-ALL cells. GGDPS inhibition also reduces Rab7 membrane association and depletes Notch1 mRNA. GGDPS inhibition increases phosphorylation of histone H2A.X, and inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM) mitigate GGDPS inhibitor-induced apoptosis. GGDPS inhibition also influences c-abl activity downstream of caspases, and inhibitors of these enzymes prevent GGDPS inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, induction of apoptosis by GGDPS inhibition is reduced by co-treatment with γ-secretase inhibitors. While inhibitors of γ-secretase deplete one specific form of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), they also increase Notch1 mRNA expression and increase alternate forms of Notch1 protein expression in cells treated with a GGDPS inhibitor. Furthermore, inhibitors of γ-secretase and ATM increase Notch1 mRNA stability independent of GGDPS inhibition. These results provide a model by which T-ALL cells use Notch1 to avoid DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, and can be overcome by inhibition of GGDPS through effects on Notch1 expression and its subsequent response.