bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migracje do korzeni
Authors: Gońda Marcin
Published: September 2024

Monografia, oparta na danych empirycznych o charakterze narracyjnym, jest próbą zastosowania koncepcji „migracji do korzeni” (roots migration) do opisu mobilności edukacyjnej młodych członków polskiej diaspory z państw byłego ZSRR. Autor odtwarza w niej biograficzny wymiar migracji studentów do jedynie częściowo znanej im Polski, z której pochodzi rodzina lub jej niektórzy członkowie. Kraj przodków i jego mieszkańcy jednak nie zawsze okazują się takie, jaki ich obraz kreowała rodzina, szkoła czy Kościół w miejscu urodzenia. Doświadczenia pobytu w Polsce istotnie wpływają na przemiany tożsamości zbiorowej i poczucie przynależności narodowej badanej młodzieży. Książka powinna zainteresować nie tylko specjalistów od migracji, socjologów czy historyków, lecz także tych wszystkich, którym bliski jest los rodaków na Wschodzie. Stanowi ona istotny wkład w badania nad migracjami powrotnymi i edukacyjnymi do Polski, zwłaszcza poprzez wykorzystanie perspektywy biograficznej do analizy doświadczeń życiowych młodych jednostek w pozornie znanej im ojczyźnie.
Wydanie tej książki sfinansowało Narodowe Centrum Nauki w ramach grantu Preludium IV (nr umowy: UMO-2012/07/N/HS6/01457).
RegUŁy językowe w praktyce
Authors: Burska Katarzyna , Cieśla Bartłomiej
Published: September 2024

Książka zawiera obszerny wybór pytań i odpowiedzi opublikowanych w internetowej Poradni Językowej Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego w latach 2014–2021. Autorzy, oprócz tego, że wyjaśniają szereg aktualnych problemów poprawnościowych z różnych płaszczyzn języka: fonetyki, morfologii, leksyki, fleksji, składni, ortografii i interpunkcji, poruszają też zagadnienia z zakresu pragmatyki i edytorstwa. Zasadnicza cześć książki poprzedzona jest szczegółową charakterystyką pojęcia norma językowa oraz opisem opracowań mogących stanowić cenne źródło wiedzy na temat zagadnień poprawności językowej. Publikacja z jednej strony pełni zatem funkcję klasycznego poradnika, który pozwoli Czytelnikom rozwikłać wiele zawiłości dotyczących współczesnej polszczyzny w jej aspekcie normatywnym, z drugiej zaś to przydatny przewodnik po teoretycznych meandrach kultury języka.
HAYVAN ADI BİLİMİ (ZOONOMİ) AÇISINDAN ESKİ TÜRKÇEDE, DLT’DE VE SANSKRİTÇEDEKİ /+KA/ GÖREV ÖGESİ
Authors: Şehitoğlu Muammer
Published: September 2024

Çalışma, Eski Türkçe Dönemi edebî metinlerinde ve Dîvânu Lugâti’t Türk’te yer alan kavram işaretlerinde sıkça kullanılan /+KA/; (/+GA/) görevli dil ögesinin Sanskritçedeki görevlerinin hayvan adı bilimi (zoonomi) açısından hayvan adlandırmalarındaki benzer işlek kullanımlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Böylelikle Avrasyatik kuramı çerçevesinde Hint-Avrupa dillerine kaynaklık eden Sanskritçe ve Altay dillerinden Türkçe arasındaki yakınlığın görevli dil ögesi düzeyinde havyan adı bilimi açısından tanıklanmasına katkı sunulacaktır. Çalışmanın kapsamı, Türkçe açısından Eski Türkçe Dönemi edebî metinleri ve Dîvânu Lugâti’t Türk ile Sanskritçenin 20. yy.’da farklı araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan araştırmalarla söz varlığını gösteren sözlükler ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yöntemin tekniği olan belge incelenmesi kullanılmış ve veriler ilgili kaynaklardan belirlenmiş kavramlar temelinde sınıflandırılmış ve tablolar hâlinde gösterilerek yorumlanmıştır. İlgili teknik ile elde edilen bulgularda, Eski Türkçe Dönemi ve DLT ile Sanskritçedeki sözlüklerde hayvan adlandırmalarında /+KA/ (/+GA/) görevli dil ögesinin benzer görevle işlek kullanıldığı tespit edilmiş ve özellikle de her iki dile ait veri kaynaklarında adlandırmaların ünsüz seslerde geçiş sıklığının yoğun olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, hayvan türlerine ait özel adlandırmaların genel adlandırmalara göre daha sık bir biçimde kullanıldığı da değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Avrasyatik kuramının öne sürdüğü Hint-Avrupa dilleri ile Altay dilleri arasındaki yakınlığın görevli dil ögeleri düzeyinde de olabileceği tanıklanmış ve çalışmanın bu konudaki diğer yaklaşım ve çalışmalara katkı sunacağı düşünülmüştür.
Introduction to electron ptychography for materials scientists
Authors: Yu Rong , Sha Haozhi , Cui Jizhe , Yang Wenfeng
Published: September 2024

Even when aberration-corrected electron microscopy is in the ascendant, the microstructural analysis of materials faces the problems of residual aberrations, zone-axis deviation, surface damage, and irradiation damage, which not only have kept the spatial resolution of the electron microscope at about 0.5 Å for years, but also limited the reliability and accuracy of the microstructural analysis. Electron ptychography is a computational imaging method that utilizes the rich information in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy datasets to obtain high spatial resolution, phase accuracy, and dose efficiency. Recently, the information limit of microscopic imaging has reached 0.14? by local-orbital ptychography. Electron ptychography consists of two stages: data acquisition and numerical reconstruction. In the data acquisition stage, a four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy dataset is formed by recording the two-dimensional diffraction patterns at each position by means of a pixelated detector during the two-dimensional scanning of the electron beam on the sample. In the numerical reconstruction stage, the amplitude and phase of the sample are retrieved from these datasets by means of suitable algorithms. In contrast to aberration correction, which reduces the effect of lens aberrations on the imaging quality, electron ptychography eliminates this effect and achieves aberration-free imaging, reproducing the true structure of the sample nearly perfectly. We briefly introduce the basic principles and algorithms of electron ptychography from the perspective of the main problems faced by the microstructure analysis of materials, and introduce the main features of electron ptychography through application examples.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Use of Contraception in Damoh District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Patidar Hemant
Published: September 2024

Ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, adopted by the United Nations. Women’s improved reproductive health is positively associated with their knowledge and adoption of contraceptives. Contraception is crucial in determining the family size, birth interval, and women's health and falls under SDG3 and SDG5. This study aimed to highlight the knowledge and use of contraceptives in the Damoh district located in  Madhya Pradesh, India. We utilised primary data collected through a personal survey using a structured Interview Schedule from eight sampling units in the district. For this, we employed descriptive statistics and regression techniques for the analysis. Results reveal that a substantial share of women had knowledge of at least a single method of contraception. However, female sterilisation and pills were the most commonly known methods for women. Nonetheless, the knowledge of contraception was not found to be reflected in the adoption as nearly one-third of all women were not using any method of contraception. Further, the level of adoption of different contraceptive methods varied across socio-demographic backgrounds. Therefore, emphasis on information, education and communication (IEC) initiatives may lead to an increase in the adoption of modern contraceptives.
Hybrid power system options for off-grid rural electrification in northwestern region of Nigeria
Authors: Olomiyesan Boluwaji Moses , Oyedum Onyedi David
Published: September 2024

Electrical power supply is inadequate in Nigeria, and most remote settlements in the country are not connected to the national grid. This study, therefore, investigates a set of possible off-grid hybrid power systems that can meet the electrical load of a model rural community of 100 households in Kaduna and Katsina States in the northwestern region of Nigeria at the lowest energy cost. Two off-grid hybrid power systems and a stand-alone diesel generator are modeled, simulated, and analyzed for the two locations with different solar and wind energy resources using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER Pro 3.7.5) software. The optimization results show that a PV-wind-diesel hybrid power system is sufficient to meet the load demand of the two locations at the least cost. The net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) for the optimal system are US$435,818 and 0.203 US$/kWh in Kaduna and US$322,091 and 0.150 US$/kWh in Katsina. Thus, the optimal system in Katsina has lower NPC than that in Kaduna. In comparison to the grid tariff in Nigeria, the reported cost of energy in this study is cost effective for rural settlements that are far from the existing grid. Thus, the hybrid PV-wind-diesel system is recommended for Kaduna and Katsina. The adoption of this hybrid system in the study locations will boost the social, educational, and economic activities in the villages leading to better education, improved healthcare delivery and enhancement of local businesses.
Human–robot interaction via wearable device—a wireless glove system for remote control of 7-DoF robotic arm
Authors: Manolescu Denis , Mutinda Bryan , Secco Emanuele Lindo
Published: September 2024

Significance: The ability of robotic arm system to become teleoperational is essential for advancing remote work. Existing solutions often require complex setups, specialized training, and expensive hardware. Developing a simplified wearable device that can be rapidly integrated and deployed can significantly enhance accessibility where remote control is paramount, including remote surgeries in healthcare and hazardous environments. Aim and approach: This work presents the design and development of a wireless glove-based control system for remotely operating a robotic arm. A reliable, responsive, and user-friendly control system offers scalability, customization options, intuitive interaction, and ergonomic comfort. The approach combines advanced motion sensing using a 9 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and real-time data processing. The IMU estimates roll, pitch, and yaw, directly controlling the translational movements (x, y, z) of the robotic arm’s end effector. Depending on button states, these inputs can also switch to control the end-effector rotations. Results: The developed glove demonstrated user compliance. The system is rapid to deploy, and the wireless device successfully captured real-time gesture control data and redirected it to the robotic system with an average latency of 185 ms, enabling the system to perform a range of manipulations, including pick and place, reaching, and grasping objects. Conclusions: This research presents a robust and efficient teleoperation system, offering a viable solution for advancements in remote robotic arm control. This innovation bridges the gap between the full potential of complex robotic systems and user interaction, unlocking new possibilities across various fields.
Volunteering as Meaningful Activity for People Living with Young Onset Dementia: A Thematic ‘Co-Analysis’
Authors: Vincent Rose E , Ashworth Rosalie , Donaldson Irene , Hayden Julie , King Gerald , Maddocks Chris , Oliver Keith , Robertson Martin , Russ Tom C , Wilkinson Heather
Published: September 2024

Volunteering has many social, emotional and health benefits and could be an option for people with younger/early onset dementia to engage in stage and age-appropriate, personally meaningful activities within their local communities. This study explored how people with young onset dementia volunteer in the UK, the benefits and barriers, and how we can improve access to volunteering opportunities. Audio data of people with young onset dementia discussing their experiences of volunteering were taken from the Dementia Diaries audio and video diary project (https://dementiadiaries.org/). The data were co-analysed by a co-production team, (X), made up of six researchers living with young onset dementia and two facilitators. The findings suggest that stigma is the overarching concept (or net) which influences people’s experiences of volunteering with dementia. Within the stigma net, three themes were developed that employed a lifespan approach to challenging said stigma: 1) Valuing the past, 2) Valuing the present and 3) Valuing the future, each with additional subthemes. This research contributes to the limited pool of literature that highlights the clear benefits of volunteering for people with young onset dementia, while also considering how dementia stigma can create practical and institutional barriers to accessing volunteering. Guidance is provided for how to deliver meaningful and accessible volunteering opportunities.
Planting Seeds of Change in Foodstyles: Growing Brand Strategies to Foster Plant-Based Alternatives Through Online Platforms
Authors: Bonetti Gino Gabriel , van Hooven Chelsea , Onorati Maria Giovanna
Published: September 2024

The article delves into the landscape of the plant-based food industry, exploring innovative market entry strategies and their interplay with the evolving food market and shifting consumer preferences and lifestyles. Adopting a multidimensional approach, the study reflects diverse perspectives at play. Through a comparative analysis of strategic promotion and growth strategies employed by both innovative startups and established industry giants in the plant-based alternatives sector in Germany, the study aims to capture the challenges faced by the 'newer' wave of plant-based alternatives. This examination is particularly relevant for navigating the complexities of entering a competitive market. Striving to penetrate evolving consumer lifestyles, the study draws insightful comparisons with their "older" counterparts. In addition, through in-depth interviews with selected companies, the study investigates the entry methods of startups venturing into the German market, aiming to identify parallels and contrasts in market strategies with established brands. This provides valuable insights into innovation within the alternative food market. Furthermore, the study explores the process of brand "platformization" by scrutinizing the websites of the selected companies and analyzing customers' online reviews of their brand experience. This comprehensive analysis unveils distinctive patterns in communication strategies, brand positioning, and consumer engagement, offering insights into plant-based innovation shaping new, caring lifestyles. Main findings include a strong correlation among dimensions related to food quality, use, and taste, indicating a holistic approach to food consumption facilitated by online platforms.
Rapid PM2.5-Induced Health Impact Assessment: A Novel Approach Using Conditional U-Net CMAQ Surrogate Model
Authors: Lee Yohan , Park Junghyun , Kim Jinseok , Woo Jung-Hun , Lee Jong-Hyeon
Published: September 2024

There is a pressing need for tools that can rapidly predict PM2.5 concentrations and assess health impacts under various emission scenarios, aiding in the selection of optimal mitigation strategies. Traditional chemical transport models (CTMs) like CMAQ are accurate but computationally intensive, limiting practical scenario analysis. To address this, we propose a novel method integrating a conditional U-Net surrogate model with health impact assessments, enabling swift estimation of PM2.5 concentrations and related health effects. The U-Net model was trained with 2019 South Korean PM2.5 data, including precursor emissions and boundary conditions. Our model showed high accuracy and significant efficiency, reducing processing times while maintaining reliability. By combining this surrogate model with the EPA’s BenMAP-CE tool, we estimated potential premature deaths under various emission reduction scenarios in South Korea, extending projections to 2050 to account for demographic changes. Additionally, we assessed the required PM2.5 emission reductions needed to counteract the increase in premature deaths due to an aging population. This integrated framework offers an efficient, user-friendly tool that bridges complex air quality modeling with practical policy evaluation, supporting the development of effective strategies to reduce PM2.5-related health risks and estimate economic benefits.
Evaluating the Impact of Copper Concentrations on Apple Variety Performance: Insights from a Callus-Media System
Authors: Jeon Dasom
Published: September 2024

Copper (Cu)-based fungicides are widely used in agriculture, but excessive Cu accumulation in soils threatens crop performance, particularly in perennial fruit crops like apples. This study investigated the effects of varying Cu concentrations on the physiological responses of three apple varieties—Braeburn, Fuji, and Cripps Pink—using a callus-media system. Callus cultures were exposed to Cu concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg Cu kg⁻¹ to assess traits such as growth, fresh and dry weight, copper accumulation, and bioconcentration factor (BCF). Results revealed that media Cu concentration had a stronger effect than variety on most traits, especially above 10 mg Cu kg⁻¹, where copper stress reduced genetic variability. At lower Cu concentrations, varietal differences were more apparent, with Cripps Pink showing greater copper tolerance. These findings suggest that high Cu levels suppress varietal differences, leading to a uniform stress response. This study provides valuable insights into copper toxicity in apple varieties and highlights the need to maintain soil Cu levels below critical thresholds to preserve varietal performance, with potential implications for soil-plant systems.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Study of Patients’ Characteristics in Selected Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Faye Lindiwe Modest , Hosu Mojisola Clara , Apalata Teke
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the characteristics and outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in selected rural healthcare facilities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A retrospective review of clinical records from 456 patients, covering the period from January 2018 to December 2020, revealed that a statistically significant relationship between DR-TB types and age groups (Chi-square statistic: 30.74, p-value: 0.015). Younger adults (19-35 years) and middle-aged adults (36-50 years) are more frequently affected by RR-TB and MDR-TB, which are the most prevalent forms of DR-TB. Less common types, including Pre-XDR, XDR, and INH TB, were observed in smaller numbers. The study suggests that DR-TB imposes a heavy burden on the working-age population. Gender analysis shows that while the frequency of DR-TB differs between males and females, the percentage distribution of DR-TB types is relatively equal. Both genders are predominantly affected by RR-TB and MDR-TB, which together account for nearly 90% of cases. Pre-XDR, XDR, and INH-resistant TB are much less common, comprising only a small percentage of cases in both males and females. High-risk behaviors such as smoking and drinking are linked to a wider diversity of DR-TB types, while occupations like mining and prison work show higher rates of RR-TB and MDR-TB. In HIV-positive individuals, DR-TB is more common, but the distribution of DR-TB types between HIV-positive and negative groups shows no statistically significant difference. However, HIV-positive individuals have a 20% lower survival rate (65%) compared to HIV-negative patients (85%). Financial stability and comorbidities also significantly influence outcomes, with patients having stable income and fewer high-risk comorbidities experiencing better survival and treatment outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to improve DR-TB treatment outcomes in rural Eastern Cape.
Blood-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnostics and Prognostics
Authors: Dhauria Mrinmay , Mondal Ritwick , Deb Shramana , Shome Gourav , Chowdhury Dipanjan , Sarkar Shramana , Benito-León Julián
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. With the global aging population, the incidence of AD and related dementias is projected to rise dramatically, posing significant public health challenges. Traditionally, the diagnosis of AD has relied on the detection of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain, assessed through invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and costly positron emission tomography scans. However, these methods are not feasible for widespread screening or use in low-resource settings. Recent advances in blood-based biomarkers offer a promising alternative for the early detection and monitoring of AD. These biomarkers provide a minimally invasive, cost-effective means of tracking the pathological progression of AD before the onset of clinical symptoms, potentially enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Blood-based biomarkers, including those related to Aβ, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light polypeptide, have demonstrated significant potential in reflecting the underlying neuropathology of AD and correlating with traditional CSF and imaging biomarkers. This review synthesizes the latest research on blood-based biomarkers in AD, highlighting their role in the disease's etiopathogenesis, diagnostic accuracy, and prognostic value. We discuss the emerging evidence on proteinopathies, neuroinflammation, vascular pathology, and bioenergetic profiles, emphasizing the clinical applicability of these biomarkers. Furthermore, we explore the integration of blood-based biomarkers with advanced neuroimaging techniques and their potential to revolutionize the diagnostic landscape of AD, particularly in resource-limited settings. We have integrated protein-protein interaction (PPI) and miRNA network analyses to enhance the analysis. By incorporating these, we can explore the interactions and relationships between different proteomic, genomic, and epigenomic biomarkers, potentially unveiling new insights into the underlying biological mechanisms of AD. The continued development and validation of these biomarkers could lead to more accessible and equitable AD diagnostics, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Tracking and Measuring Social Media Activity: Key Metrics for SME Strategic Success – A Systematic Review
Authors: Mothapo Mohloding , Thango (Y2-rated Researcher) Bonginkosi , Matshaka Lerato
Published: September 2024

The adoption of social media metrics by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has become a critical tool for engaging customers and enhancing strategic outcomes. However, many SMEs face challenges in effectively tracking and evaluating social media investments, making it difficult to assess the effectiveness of their strategies. This systematic review identifies and analyses key social media activities and performance metrics that contribute to SME strategic success. Through an extensive review of literature from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, we selected 138 studies published between 2014 and 2024. The analysis reveals that engagement metrics (e.g., likes, shares), brand awareness (e.g., mentions), and conversion metrics (e.g., click-through rates) significantly influence organizational performance and long-term success. SMEs leveraging detailed engagement metrics reported a 25% increase in customer retention, while brand awareness metrics led to a 30% improvement in customer acquisition. The review highlights areas requiring further research, including a need for sector-specific metric analysis and a deeper understanding of emerging social media platforms. These results offer practical insights for SMEs to enhance their strategic use of social media and adapt to rapidly changing market dynamics.
External Scaffold for Strengthening the Pulmonary Autograft in the Ross Procedure
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Nassif Aubin , Schoell Thibaut
Published: September 2024

Despite offering several potential benefits over standard prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the use of the pulmonary autograft has been limited to date, due to concerns over the risk of pulmonary autograft expansion and the need for reintervention. Several techniques using materials with biomimetic potential have been developed to reduce this complication. The incidence, risk factors and pathophysiology of pulmonary autograft dilatation are discussed in this article. This seminar will provide an overview of the techniques of external pulmonary autograft support and their advantages and limitations. It also considers future directions for further investigation and future clinical applications of external pulmonary autograft support. Dilatation of the autograft is more likely to occur in patients with aortic regurgitation and a dilated aortic annulus. External scaffolding may prevent autograft stretching and expansion in these specific cases. However, from a biomimetic point of view, any permanent scaffold potentially restricts the movement of the autograft root. This reduces some of the benefits associated with the use of autologous tissue, which is the priority of the Ross procedure. To address this issue, several bioresorbable matrix could be used to support the root during its initial adaptive phase. Control of blood pressure with aggressive therapy is the first line to avoid this problem in the first year after pulmonary autograft implantation, together with support of the annular and sino-tubular junction in some selected cases. This is the best way to maintain stable autograft root dimensions while preserving root dynamics. However, to determine the efficacy of this combined external support and best medical management, it is important to perform regular imaging and clinical follow-up.
Phenotypic and Genomic Evaluation of ProbioGel (A Probiotic-Infused Cellulose Hydrogel) for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Domingo Alvin , Castro Abigail , Cariaga Jayson , Gamboa Francis , Castro Aira Cassandra , Pascua Aira Nadine , Fabia Jimmbeth Zenila , Gann Peter James , Santos Bjorn , Agrupis Shirley
Published: September 2024

Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health, and the overuse of antibiotics has led to the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Numerous current wound dressings, which may cause skin irritation or allergies are insufficient in handling large wounds, often leading to infections. This highlights the need for better antibacterial materials. Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm), native to Southeast Asia, has long been utilized for various purposes because of its multiple benefits such as its antimicrobial properties, presence of probiotics, and high cellulose content. This study evaluates the use of cellulose hydrogel from nipa fronds, loaded with probiotics (ProbioGel), as an antimicrobial agent to prevent infections. The study involved an in-vitro assay using the Kirby-Bauer method to evaluate the gel’s antimicrobial properties against common wound pathogens. Additionally, whole genome sequencing and promoter analysis were done to identify genes supporting their biochemical properties. The results showed ProbioGel exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans due to the presence of genes encoding lysozyme, carnobacteriocin B2, and fatty acid ABC transporter ATP binding in the Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BCRC-16100. This study highlighted the potential of ProbioGel as an innovative and effective antimicrobial and anti-infection agent for wound care. The discovery of genes in the probiotic strain responsible for encoding antimicrobial peptides further supports its therapeutic potential.
Detecting trends in post-fire forest recovery in Middle Volga from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Kurbanov Eldar , Tarasova Ludmila , Yakhyayev Aydin , Vorobev Oleg , Gozalov Siyavush , Lezhnin Sergei , Wang Jinliang , Sha Jinming , Dergunov Denis , Yastrebova Anna
Published: September 2024

Increased wildfire activity is the most significant natural disturbance affecting forest ecosystems, with a strong impact on their natural regeneration. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of post-fire forest recovery using Landsat time series data from 2000 to 2023 in the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation. The analyses utilised the LandTrendr algorithm in Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform to examine Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) spectral metrics and quantify the forest recovery at low, moderate, and high burn severity (BS) levels. To assess the spatio-temporal trends of the recovery, the Mann–Kendall statistical test and Theil–Sen’s slope estimator was applied. The results suggested that the post-fire spectral recovery is significantly influenced by the degree of the BS on affected areas. The higher the class of BS, the faster and more extensive the reforestation of the area occurs. About 91% (40,446 ha) of the first 5-year forest recovery after the wildfire belong to the BS classes of moderate and high severity. A regression model showed that land surface temperature (LST) was more significant to post-fire recovery than the variability in precipitation (Pr), explaining about 65% of the variance in post-fire recovery. This study provides new insights into the post-fire forest recovery dynamics and scientific bases for the cost-effective management strategies under changing climate conditions.
Magnetic Ion Modulation (MIM) Theory: A Novel Approach to Controlling Ion Behavior via Magnetic Fields in Biological and Non-Biological Systems
Authors: Siokos Tristan
Published: September 2024

The Magnetic Ion Modulation (MIM) Theory presents a unified and groundbreaking mathematical framework for controlling and predicting ion behavior in both biological and non-biological systems using external magnetic fields. Central to the theory is the **Ion Modulation Constant** (Tn), a context-specific scaling factor that quantifies the number of ions modulated under specific conditions. This constant, although not universal, allows for accurate modeling of ion modulation in systems ranging from neuronal ion channels to plasma physics and quantum computing. The MIM equation incorporates ion properties such as magnetic moment and permeability, providing insights into neuromodulation for treating chronic pain and epilepsy, plasma confinement in fusion research, and stabilization of ion qubits in quantum computing. This paper includes detailed derivations of the Ion Modulation Constant, examples of its application to specific ions, and a comprehensive exploration of potential experimental validations.
Magnetic Ion Modulation (MIM) Theory: A Novel Approach to Controlling Ion Behavior via Magnetic Fields in Biological and Non-Biological Systems
Authors: Siokos Tristan
Published: September 2024

e Magnetic Ion Modulation (MIM) Theory presents a unified and groundbreaking mathematical framework for controlling and predicting ion behavior in both biological and non-biological systems using external magnetic fields. Central to the theory is the **Ion Modulation Constant** (Tn), a context-specific scaling factor that quantifies the number of ions modulated under specific conditions. This constant, although not universal, allows for accurate modeling of ion modulation in systems ranging from neuronal ion channels to plasma physics and quantum computing. The MIM equation incorporates ion properties such as magnetic moment and permeability, providing insights into neuromodulation for treating chronic pain and epilepsy, plasma confinement in fusion research, and stabilization of ion qubits in quantum computing. This paper includes detailed derivations of the Ion Modulation Constant, examples of its application to specific ions, and a comprehensive exploration of potential experimental validations.
Sensor-acquired Reachable Workspace (RWS) Correlates with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Function in Stroke as Measured by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Self-Care
Authors: Chan Vicky , Lee Seungcheol Austin , Lee Jaylen M , Han Jay J
Published: September 2024

Optimal upper extremity motor control and range of motion are necessary to achieve even the basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) function. Stroke, with resulting hemiparesis, can significantly and negatively impact an individual’s ADL function. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) self-care score can provide assessment of what aspects and to what degree ADL functions are impaired. FIM self-care assessment can also track changes in ADL function during stroke recovery and rehabilitation. Recently, sensor-acquired 3D motion analysis of stroke patients’ upper extremity has shown promise as a potential alternative to assess ADL function. This observational study evaluates whether the sensor-acquired upper extremity reachable workspace (RWS) measure correlates with clinician-evaluated FIM self-care score in stroke patients. Seventeen patients with stroke were enrolled in the study. FIM self-care, NeuroQoL upper extremity, and reachable workspace outcome measures (relative surface area, RSA) were collected upon rehabilitation hospital admission, at discharge, and at 3-month visit. Pearson and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients as well as multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between FIM self-care, NeuroQoL, and reachable workspace RSAs. Moderately strong correlation between total reachable workspace RSA and total FIM self-care score at discharge and at 3-month were noted (r=0.619, r=0.661, p<0.05), and similarly strong correlation was also noted with the upper extremity NeuroQoL total score (r=0.690, r=0.815, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a change in bilateral total RSA of 0.1 unit from admission to 3-month follow up correlated with respective change in FIM self-care score of 2.011 points (95%CI: 0.663-3.360). Longitudinal improvement in ADL function during stroke rehabilitation and recovery process is correlated with improvement in reachable workspace.
Longitudinal Fecal Microbiota Profiles in a Cohort of Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults with COVID-19: Associations with SARS-CoV-2 Status and Long-Term Fatigue
Authors: Olbjørn Christine , Hagen Milada , Fossum Moen Aina , Havdal Lise Beier , Sommen Silke Lauren , Berven Lise Lund , Thiis-Evensen Espen , Stiansen-Sonerud Tonje , Selvakumar Joel , Bratholm Wyller Vegard Bruun
Published: September 2024

Adolescents most often experience mild acute COVID-19 but may still face fatigue and persistent symptoms such as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and post-infective fatigue syndrome (PIFS). We explored the fecal microbiota in a prospective controlled cohort of 136 non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive and 32 SARS-CoV-2-negative controls aged 12–25 years. With a targeted qPCR approach, the quantities of 100 fecal bacterial taxa were measured at baseline (early convalescent stage) and after six months. Results: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii M21.2 and Gemmiger formicilis (both p<0.001) were enriched in the SARS-CoV-2-positive participants compared to controls at baseline. Lower baseline abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii M21/2 (p=0.013) and higher abundance of Clostridium spiroforme (p=0.006), Sutterella wadsworthensis (p<0.001) and Streptococcus thermophilus (p=0.039) were associated with six-month fatigue. Sutterella wadsworthensis and Streptococcus thermophilus enrichment was additionally associated with PCC in the SARS-CoV-2-positive group (p<0.001 and 0.042 respectively). Conclusions: In mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in adolescents and young adults, beneficial Faecalibacterium prausnitzii M21/2 and Gemmiger formicilis were enriched compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. Additionally, both known (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Streptococcus thermophilus) and new (Clostridium spiroforme, Sutterella wadsworthensis) bacteria were associated with persistent symptoms in the COVID-19 infected group, warranting further exploration of the role of these bacteria in COVID-19 disease and PCC pathophysiology.
Towards the Development of Next-Generation Lung Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ichiki Yoshinobu , Saito Nako , Taguchi Ryo , Umesaki Tetsuya , Nitanda Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Hirozo , Ishida Hironori , Kawasaki Tomonori , Imai Hisao , Kaira Kyoichi , Kagamu Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

The immune system attempts to eliminate foreign substances, such as pathogens and viruses, that invade the body. As normal cells transform into cancerous cells, the immune system can eliminate these cells and suppress cancer onset. The immune system is regulated so that it does not become overactive or attack normal cells. When cancer cells transform from normal cells, they acquire various characteristics, and some cancer cells influence the regulatory function of the immune system to suppress it and escape immune attack. Therefore, treatments have been developed to eliminate the suppression of the immune system by cancer cells and to restore the immune system's ability to eliminate cancer cells. Immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, cancer vaccines, and effector cell therapies. Cytokine therapy activates the immune system by injecting substances produced by immune cells (such as interleukin 2 and interferon alpha) into the body, thereby increasing the ability of the immune system to attack cancer cells. Cancer vaccine therapy enhances the attack on cancer cells by injecting substances (antigens) that serve as markers for cancer cells into the body to make it easier for immune cells to detect the cancer. Depending on the type of antigen, cancer peptides, tumor cells, and dendritic cell vaccines are available. Effector cell therapy is a treatment method in which immune cells that directly attack cancer cells (CD8+ T cells, NK cells, etc.) are taken from the patient's body, expanded outside the body, activated, and returned to the body to attack cancer cells. To develop these treatments, it is essential to understand the cells and molecules related to immunity as well as the local tumor environment. In this article, we consider the factors related to antitumor immunity.
Spatial Risk Estimation of Parasitic Infestations of Pond and Cage Cultured Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda
Authors: Luttamaguzi Abdul Noor , Kisakye John Joseph , Mudumba Tutilo , Agoe Catherine , Sserwadda Martin , Walakira John
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted to determine the estimated parasitic infestation and associated risk factors (Water quality, Farm management practices and External factors such as Intermediate hosts and Wild fish entry) of farmed Nile tilapia in Pond grow-out, Cage grow-out (lake), Cage grow-out (reservoir) farms and Hatcheries in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda. Sixteen parasite genera and 65% (418/640) infestation rate were obtained. However, Pond grow-out farms and Hatcheries did not only constitute 81% and 63% of the parasite genera, but also had the highest mean number of parasite genera per farm of 1 to 7 and 4 to 8 respectively. Cage grow-out (reservoir) farms and Hatcheries had the highest mean prevalence of >0.7. Water quality parameters, farm management practices and external factors varied across the 4 farming systems, with Cage grow-out farms (lake) with the best water quality parameters, farm management practices and control over intermediate hosts and wild fish entry. Using Spatial Areal Unit Modelling with Conditional Autoregressive Priors, out of 16 risk factors, only Intermediate hosts had a significant effect on estimated parasitic infestation. Estimated parasitic infestation of 0.28 (low) or 0.55 (high) prevalence was obtained. All Cage grow-out (reservoir) farms and Hatcheries, and 78% (14/18) of Pond grow-out farms had high estimated parasitic infestation despite their locations, while 75% (3/4) of Pond grow-out farms that had low estimated parasitic infestation were located in Masaka (an area with many minor and less polluted rivers). Fifty-six percent (5/9) of Cage grow-out (lake) had low estimated parasitic infestation and were located in the Southern part of Wakiso, Southern part of Mukono and Southern part of Jinja but far from the Napoleon Gulf. The Cage grow-out farms with high estimated parasitic infestation were found in the Southeastern part of Buikwe (an area with sugar cane plantations and factories) and Southern part of Jinja in the polluted Napoleon Gulf. Therefore, the type of farming system and its location (spatial component) need to be given at-most importance when coming up with management and sanitary control strategies to encounter parasite infestation.
Cutting Through History: The Evolution of Glioblastoma Surgery
Authors: Ishaque Abdullah , Das Sunit
Published: September 2024

Despite significant advancements in neuro-oncology, glioblastoma remain a formidable challenge. Over the last century, the role and goals of surgery for patients with glioblastoma has evolved dramatically, with surgical intervention maintaining a central role in patient care. Here, we provide of an overview of this evolution and speak to anticipated changes in the future.
Production of Oncolytic Measles Virus in Vero Cells: Impact of Culture Medium and Multiplicity of Infection
Authors: Eckhardt Dustin , Mueller Jana , Friedrich Jonas , Klee Jan-Philip , Sardlishvili Irakli , Walter Lars Erik , Fey Stefanie , Czermak Peter , Salzig Denise
Published: September 2024

Oncolytic measles virus (MeV) is a promising anti-cancer treatment. However, the production of high titers of infectious MeV (typically 107–109 TCID50 per dose) is challenging because the virus is unstable under typical production conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate how the multiplicity of infection (MOI) and different media – serum-containing (SCM), serum-free (SFM) and chemically-defined (CDM) – affect MeV production. We infected Vero cells at MOIs of 0.02, 0.2 or 2 TCID50 mL-1 and the lowest MOI resulted in the largest number of infected cells towards the end of the production period. However, this did not equate to higher maximum MeV titers, which were similar for all MOIs. The medium had a moderate effect, generating maximum titers of 0.89–2.17 × 106, 1.08–1.25 × 106 and 4.58–9.90 × 105 TCID50 mL‑1 for SCM, SFM and CDM, respectively. Infection at a low MOI often required longer process times to reach maximum yields. Our findings show that SCM, SFM and CDM are equally suitable for MeV production in terms of yield and process time. This will allow MeV production in serum-free conditions, addressing the safety risks and ethical concerns associated with the use of serum.
Impact of Mutations in Soybean Oleate and Linoleate Desaturase Genes on the Germinability of Seed from heat-Stressed Plants at the Anthesis Stage
Authors: Toyinbo Johnson O , Saripalli Gautam , Ingole Hrishikesh P , Jones Zachary , Naveed Salman , Noh Enoch , Narayanan Sruthi , Rustgi Sachin
Published: September 2024

Soybean is the primary oilseed crop in the United States, with significant industrial value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in soybean is critical for developing stress-resistant cultivars. Current knowledge about the role of fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in modulating membrane fluidity under abiotic stress prompted this investigation into the impact of mutations in the FAD genes on seed germination from heat-stressed plants. In soybean, exposure to heat stress during anthesis is known to significantly reduce seed germination. In silico expression analysis indicated high levels of expression of the soybean FAD2 and FAD3 genes in leaves. Therefore, a detailed expression analysis of these genes was conducted using qRT-PCR from leaf tissue. Generally, downregulation of these genes was observed in the mutants; however, two genes, FAD3A and FAD2-3, showed a more than 2-fold increase in expression in six out of ten mutants under heat stress. This upregulation was particularly pronounced (7-fold) in mutant S17CR-170. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation (0.5) between the expression level of FAD3A, FAD3B, FAD3C, and FAD2-3 and the decline in germination from heat-stressed plants. This suggests these FAD genes may act as negative regulators of germination under heat stress conditions.
Adaptive Strategies and Sustainable Innovations of Chinese Contractors in the Belt and Road Initiative: A Social Network and Supply Chain Integration Perspective
Authors: Huang Jiaxin , Li Shui Ming
Published: September 2024

As global economic integration and rapid technological advancements transform international business, international engineering contracting has become essential for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper investigates the significant impact of China’s strategic initiatives, notably the "Going Global" strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), on the operational practices of Chinese enterprises involved in overseas investments. Central to this transformation is the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model, which emphasizes the integration of supply chain management and stakeholder collaboration to enhance performance in international EPC projects and underscores the crucial role of these elements in promoting sustainability. Incorporating insights from social network data analysis, this study reveals that contractors collaborating with various stakeholders—such as owners/consulting engineers, domestic and foreign customs departments, and group headquarters/design parties—exhibit a high degree of similarity in personnel profiles. This suggests that the internal organizational structure and personnel allocation of contractors could be optimized to enhance operational efficiency, aligning with the collaborative patterns identified. This study addresses a critical research gap by exploring how effective supply chain management and collaborative stakeholder engagement within multinational EPC projects contribute to sustainable outcomes. Employing advanced social network analysis software, the research examines the complex interactions among stakeholders and their influence on procurement dynamics. Findings indicate that strong relational networks and strategic collaborations significantly enhance procurement efficiency and project success, underscoring the importance of supply chain integration. Ultimately, integrating supply chain management principles into the EPC model not only offers innovative perspectives for advancing sustainability in international projects but also provides actionable insights for improving project outcomes within the BRI framework. This research underscores the pivotal role of supply chain organization and stakeholder cooperation in achieving sustainability objectives, thereby enriching the discourse on sustainable enterprise operation and supply chain management in the context of global initiatives.