bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of mental workload indicators among railway crossing guards in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Hariyono Widodo , Afriansyah Robert
Published: March 2024

Background: Mental workload is the workload which results from the performed works, is seen from the performed works, and develops cognitively (within mind). The mental activities are also dominated by the jobs with a high level of alertness, such as what is found among railway crossing guards. This study aims to analyze the mental workload indicators among railway crossing guards in Yogyakarta City.
Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The guideline to conduct interviews and to measure mental workloads was NASA – TLX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Task Load Index), with the procedures consisting of weighting, rating, and calculation of mental workloads. The population was all of the railway crossing guards in Yogyakarta City consisting of as many as 32 respondents.
Results: The results of the study showed that 26 respondents experienced a high level of mental workloads, 4 respondents experienced a moderately high level of mental workloads, and 2 respondents experienced an extremely high level of mental workloads (subjectively).
Conclusion: The aspects of mental workloads elaborated in this study were Mental Demand (MD), Physical Demand (PD), Temporal Demand (TD), Performance (P), Frustration Level (FL), and Effort (E). The most influencing aspect on mental workloads of railway crossing guards was the Performance aspect, with a value of 5473, since this aspect required high responsibility for the job.
Analysis of cleanliness, health, safety, and environmental sustainability in Merapi disaster-prone tourist villages
Authors: Wijaya Oktomi , Putra Bayu Cahya Eka
Published: March 2024

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has brought enormous effect on tourism sector. Covid-19 transmission can be prevented by the implementation of cleanliness, health, safety, and environmental sustainability (CHSE) aspects. This study aims to analysis the implementation of CHSE based on the Indonesian National Standard No. 9042 of 2021    (Standar Nasional Indonesia No.9042 Tahun 2021).
Method: This was a quantitative study with survey design executed using CHSE guidelines of the Indonesian National Standard No. 9042 of 2021. The research sample consisted of 68 tourist cottages which were selected using total sampling technique. The research instrument was CHSE checklist to measure the implementation of CHSE in the tourist cottages.
Results: Results of the study showed that the implementation of CHSE in tourist cottages in three tourist villages of Nganggring, Tunggul Arum, and Penting Sari were categorized as low with the scores of 22.90% for management, 37.02% for human resources, and 27.46% for guest participation.
Conclusion:  CHSE implementation in three tourist villages of Nganggring, Tunggul Arum, and Penting Sari has not be done in maximum manner so that the scores for each of the indicators of management, human resources, and guest participation were categorized as low.
Factors related to safety riding behaviors among grade XII students of SMKN 3 Mandau Duri
Authors: Arianto Machfudz Eko , Setiaji Reno
Published: March 2024

Background: The occurrence of traffic accidents is proof that road users are undisciplined in riding. Accident rates among the students of SMKN 3 Mandau Duri reached their highest levels in 2019 and 2022. Based on the information from interviews conducted with 6 students, the causes of the accidents were that they rode without SIM C, three of them mentioned that wearing a helmet was not compulsory, and peers asked them to act unsafely. This study is aimed at finding out the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, possession of SIM C, as well as peers and safety riding behaviors among the Grade XII students of SMKN 3 Mandau Duri.
Methods: This study is quantitative in nature using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study consisted of 309 students from which proportional random sampling was applied so that as many as 174 respondents were selected as the samples. The data analysis was executed using univariate and bivariate Chi Square tests. The instrument utilized in this study was the questionnaire from researchers whose validity and reliability have been tested.
Results: Correlations were found between knowledge and safety riding behaviors (p-value = 0.006), attitudes and safety riding behaviors (p-value = 0.000), SIM C possession and safety riding behaviors (p-value = 0.000), and peers’ influence and safety riding behaviors (p-value = 0.000).
Conclusion: There were correlations between knowledge, attitude, SIM C possession, as well as peers’ influence and safety riding behaviors among the Grade XII students of SMKN 3 Mandau Duri
Assessment of Microbial Contamination of Dental Prostheses
Authors: Im Lee-Rang , Kim Ki-Rim
Published: March 2024

Objective: Various dental prostheses, such as crowns and dentures, are crafted in dental laboratories and then applied within the patient's mouth in dental institutions. However, dental workers rarely disinfect them before application. Therefore, we investigated the bacterial contamination of various intraoral prostheses to confirm the importance of infection control. Methods: Bacterial samples were collected from 23 dental prostheses (including six gold crowns, seven zirconia crowns, four porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, and six dentures) in dental laboratories and dental institutions in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. These samples were inoculated onto 3M Petrifilm for general aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The colonies that formed after 48 hours of culture were counted. Results: General aerobic bacteria and S. aureus were detected on the majority of dental prostheses, with dentures showing the highest presence (p=0.003). Neither aerobic bacteria nor S. aureus showed statistically significant differences between dental institutions and laboratories. A positive correlation was noted between the denture and the denture in terms of general aerobic bacteria and S. aureus detection (r=0.829, p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, many bacteria were detected in most dental prostheses. Therefore, there is a need to recognize the risk of crossinfection through dental prosthesis and to establish specific infection control guidelines.
A Literature Review on the Korean Dental Hygienist Licensing Examination and Core Competencies
Authors: Min Ji-Hyun , Kim Han-Na
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aimed to suggest methods to improve the korean dental hygienist licensing examination to review related literatures. Methods: This study is a literature review on the national dental hygienist examination and confirmed the dental hygienist national examination and core competencies, focusing on a total of 14 manuscripts and reports. Results: The research task of the national examination institute was conducted in the direction of evaluating the dental hygienist's job or core competency to perform in actual clinical practice. The dental hygienist’s core competencies include oral health education, treatment and clinical areas, occupational ethics, and hospital management support. Conclusions: The national examination continuously analyzed the duties and core competencies of dental hygienists to improve the national examination. In recent studies, the field was specialized according to the professional dental hygienist system.
The Relationship between Oral Health Preventive Management and Oral Health Belief of among Health College Students
Authors: Jung You Sun
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between oral health belief and oral health preventive management among health college students. The study also determined if oral disease recognition is related to oral health preventive management. Methods: A survey was of 385 health-related college students in Chungcheongnam-do was conducted to determine the relationship between oral health preventive management and oral health belief. t-teat, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis were conducted. Results: Differences in oral health belief and the use of oral supplementary hygiene products were noted as 2.14 for “using” oral supplementary hygiene products and 2.43 for “not using” (p<0.01). The effect of oral health belief on oral hygiene product awareness was in the order of disability, importance, and benefit (p<0.01). Conclusions: To prevent oral diseases and manage oral health, regular oral examinations to assess for oral diseases and to provide continuous oral education, raise awareness of various oral hygiene products, increase the importance and benefits of oral health preventive management, and reduce disability through continuous feedback.
Recent Trends in Oral Health Technology Patients: A Text Mining Analysis
Authors: Bak Hee-Kyeong , Kim Han-Na
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study analyzed technological trends by examining patents related to oral health and dentistry, and discussed patent utilization and research directions. Methods: The patent data (n=6,865) related to oral health and dentistry were collected from KIPRIS on July 31, 2023. The collected data were analyzed by text mining using Python 3.10. Results: Among the keywords (n=37,155) extracted from the invention titles, ‘device’ showed the highest frequency. In the time series frequency analysis, keywords such as ‘recording’, ‘3-dimensional’, ‘scanner’, and ‘image’ were absent from 2003 to 2007. However, the frequency of these keywords has been steadily increasing since 2008. Furthermore, ‘implant’, ‘orthodontics’, and ‘3-dimensional’ demonstrated relatively high influence in the network analysis (Degree centrality) relating to clinical aspects. Conclusion: In this study, the keyword, ‘method’ was the most influential. Technologies related to ‘orthodontics’ and ‘implants’ have also been consistently researched. Since 2008, ‘3-dimensional’ has been increasing in importance. The emergence of new technological terms highlights the increasing importance of digitization and visualization. The oral health and dentistry-related technological trends identified in the study are expected to serve as valuable foundational data for future patent analysis in Korea.
Biographical and Theoretical Approaches to the Arts: A Review Article
Authors: Batchelor John
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Two markedly contrasting kinds of enquiry are displayed here. Laura Freeman gives a warm and sympathetic biographical account of Jim Ede, who championed major twentieth-century painters and sculptors, while Peter Dayan presents remarkable explorations of a wide range of poets and musicians over a longer historical period.
New Perspectives on Italian Fascism: A Review Article
Authors: Kelly Joseph
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: This article examines developments in the historiography of Italian Fascism through an appraisal of four major recent contributions to the field, addressing aspects such as theatre production, intervention in the Spanish Civil War, mass media and propaganda, imperialism, the exportation of Fascism, and anti-Fascism. Beyond the scholarly merits of each work, the article highlights the shift from a scholarship based on establishing Fascism’s intentions and assessing its success, towards one which probes the intertwining tensions and negotiations at play between Fascism and the chosen subject matter.
Kurban Said’s The Girl from the Golden Horn (1938): Play with Orientalism in Inter-War Berlin and Vienna
Authors: WatroBa Karolina
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Das Mädchen vom Goldenen Horn ( The Girl from the Golden Horn ), a novel published in 1938 in Vienna under the pseudonym Kurban Said, was most likely written by Lev Nussimbaum, a multilingual exile from Azerbaijan, who converted from Judaism to Islam in Berlin in the early 1920s and published widely under the name Essad Bey. Although virtually unknown, this novel deserves an important place in the global history of German literature on account of its complexity and self-conscious play with literary and cultural traditions, especially the long-standing presence of Islam in German-speaking Europe, and the Orientalist tropes associated with it.
Philanthropy and Caring for the Needs of Strangers
Authors: Reich Rob
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: People have been giving away their money, property, and time to others for millennia. What's novel about the contemporary practice of philanthropy is the availability of tax incentives to give money away. Such incentives are built into tax systems in nearly all developed and many developing democracies. In this sense, philanthropy is not an invention of the state but ought to be viewed today as an artifact of the state. This paper specifies and assesses three possible justifications for the existence of tax incentives for charitable giving, identifies a distinctive role for philanthropy in democracies, and argues for a fundamental redesign of the current legal framework governing philanthropy. Empirically, giving to assist the needy and care for strangers is an uncommon form of giving in the United States. Normatively, it is but one potential justification for philanthropy.
Failures of Mind and Meaning
Authors: Bilgrami Akeel
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: The essay, by a philosophical scrutiny of certain failures of mind and language, explores the sense in which human intentionality is fundamentally normative and why the very sense in which that is so does not hold of linguistic meaning, which is not susceptible to such failures, despite its close links to human intentions.
Invisibility or Blindness? On Attention, the Unseen, and the Seen
Authors: Mack Arien
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Both not seeing what is perfectly visible and seeing something other than what is there are surprisingly common occurrences in our normal perceptual lives. One is a case of phenomenal invisibility, while the other is a case of misperception. When we do not see what is there or see something other than what is there, it is frequently the result of the same visual processes that are responsible for our seeing what is there. These phenomena are discussed, and the parallel between one of them, inattentional blindness, our failure to see what is there when we are not paying attention to it, is likened to our failure to see those we consider "other," revealing how our prejudices influence what we see and what we don't.
Scholarly Truth and the Hunger for Progress
Authors: Bromwich David
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Public trust in the academy has been waning for more than a generation now, and in that time, the public support of academic scholarship has been under an almost constant threat of drastic cuts. As accountability has been bureaucratized inside the university itself, scholarship has also come under the suspicious eye of cost-benefit accounting performed by external agencies. This narrow version of accountability may press so far against autonomy that "tension" seems too weak a word to describe the divergence. Scholarly autonomy, if it means anything, means that the individual scholar, answerable to no judging body higher than his scholarly peers, is able to give the law to himself concerning the nature of the work and how it is to proceed.
Hungary: How Liberty Can Be Lost
Authors: Heller Agnes
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: The story of Hungary can also serve as a warning for other nation-states on the European continent, as the years from 1989 to 1991 were a time of liberation for all the people of Eastern Europe who suffered from totalitarian political systems and ideological indoctrination. As the Bible teaches and Hannah Arendt warns, liberation is not yet liberty. The institutions of liberty have to be constituted, and people need to learn how to make them work while breathing spirit into them. Tyrannies always collapse, but whether Hungarians can escape with enough means for a new start remains to be seen.
The Creeping Concept of Trauma
Authors: Haslam Nick , McGrath Melanie J.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Over the past century the concept of trauma has substantially broadened its meanings in academic and public discourse. We document four directions in which this semantic expansion has occurred at different times: from somatic to psychic, extraordinary to ordinary, direct to indirect, and individual to collective. We analyze these expansions as instances of "concept creep," the progressive inflation of harm-related concepts, and present evidence for the rising cultural salience and semantic enlargement of trauma in recent decades. Expansive concepts of trauma may have mixed blessings for personal and collective identity.
Loneliness Is No Longer What It Used to Be
Authors: Appadurai Arjun
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Loneliness is a historical affect that emerges from a long history of religious, poetic, and sociological ideas about isolation, solitude, and existential angst. There is a complex journey from theological and poetic ideas about loneliness to some key themes in modern American sociology. Today, the experience of loneliness is dramatically affected by the need for social distancing and the use of social media. In these new circumstances, has the meaning of loneliness radically changed?
Clearing Properties Between Coconut Oil and Xylene in Histological Tissue Processing
Authors: Bright Owusu Afriyie , Samuel Darko Nkansah , Adisa Musah Ayeley , Dorcas Owusu Ohui , Perez Quartey , Melody Antwi Ama , Michael Addai Kusi , Albert Osei Sarpong , Senu Ebenezer
Published: March 2024

Xylene is the commonest clearing agent even though it is hazardous and costly. This study evaluated the clearing properties of coconut oil as an alternative cost-effective clearing agent for histological processes. Ten (10) prostate samples fixed in formalin were taken and each one was cut into 4 before randomly separating them into four groups (A, B, C and D). Tissues were subjected to ascending grades of alcohol for dehydration. Group A was cleared in xylene and Groups B, C, and D were cleared at varying times of 1hr 30mins, 3hrs, and 4hrs in coconut oil respectively before embedding, sectioning, and staining were carried out. Gross and histological features were compared. Results indicated a significant shrinkage in coconut oil-treated specimen compared with the xylene-treated specimen and only the tissues cleared in coconut oil for 4hrs were as rigid as the tissues cleared in xylene ( p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality ( p > 0.999). Coconut oil is an efficient substitute for xylene in prostate tissues with a minimum clearing time of 4hrs, as it is environmentally friendly and less expensive, but causes significant shrinkage to prostate tissue:
Development of Novel Cost Efficient Process for Extraction of Sterols and Tocopherols from Wild Plant Seed
Authors: Kedar Rahul P. , Bhalerao Machhindra , Rajput Yogeshsing N. , Kulkarni Ravindra D.
Published: March 2024

The present work focuses on the compositional characterization of tamarind and sea buckthorn seed oils, which have a wide range of uses in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food sectors. The characterization includes the analysis of tocopherols, sterols and fatty acid profile in both oils. The tamarind and sea buckthorn oils were converted to fatty acid methyl ester and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by using gas chromatography technique. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of tocopherols performed using high performance liquid chromatography. This study reveals that the oil samples consist of a variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, such as myristic acid (0 and 0.4%), palmitic acid (11 and 30.5%), palmitoleic (0 and 39.6%) stearic acid (0 and 0.5%), oleic acid (18.3 and 26.1%), linoleic acid (45.8 and 2.1%), linolenic acid (4.1% and 0.5%), arachidic acid (1.8% and 0%) behenic acid (9.6 and 0%) and lignoceric acid (9.4 and 0%). Additionally, the analysis detects various tocopherol components, including α-tocopherol (21.4 and 32.6%), β-tocopherol (14.49 and 7.24%), γ-tocopherol (53.72 and 45.66%), δ-tocopherol (9.64 and 9.11%) and α-tocotrienol (0 and 5.13%) in tamarind and sea buckthorn oil, respectively.
Photocatalytic Degradation and Anticancer Activity of Green Synthesized Molybdenum Nanoparticles for Inhibiting the Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Kutikanti Sandhya , Belwal Savita
Published: March 2024

This work reports the synthesis of molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) through green routes using horse gram seed extracts and characterized by GC-MS, electronic (UV-visible) spectroscopy, IR, XRD and SEM techniques. Their potent applications as in vitro anticancer agent against HeLa cell lines and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methyl violet (MV) dyes were also evaluated. The anti-malignant properties of Schiff base ligands [2-fluorobenzaldehyde semicarbazone (L1H) and 2-fluorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (L2H) with molybdenum metal precursor [dioxobis(2,4-pentanedionato)molybdenum] were also explored and their Mo complexes after conversion into nano form as both ligands, L1H and L2H approve their binding property based on molecular docking studies.
Production of Methane and Hydrogen from Mild-Strength Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Siddique Md. Nurul Islam , Zahirah Az , Ibrahim Md. Zamri Bin , Ali Noraaini Binti , Ismail Shahrul Bin , Nik Wan Sani Wan , Chowdhury M. Rezaul Karim
Published: March 2024

Over the past two decades, fossil fuel reserves have sharply shrunk, which has resulted in a global fall in energy sources. Alternative carbon-neutral renewable energy sources have caught the interest of experts due to the erratic nature of energy prices and their severe ecological effects. The treatment plant’s mild-strength effluent from an equalization tank at an industrial factory was used in this study to generate hydrogen and methane. This mild-strength effluent had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) content of 2.8 ± 1.0 g COD/L. A double stage anaerobic digestion system’s hydrogen-generating digester was run at a hydraulic retention time of 8 h while the methane-generating digester was run at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. The highest methane production rate (MPR), methane yield (MY), methane content and COD elimination were, in order, 71 ± 30 mL/L-d, 57 ± 10 mL/g COD, 90 ± 1% and 77%, respectively. In this experiment, energy efficiency was assessed using the following criteria: Maximum heating was at a value of 2.1 × 108 kcal/y. Utilizing energy-equivalent coal, natural gas, or fuel reduced annual carbon emissions by 8.7 × 104 kg CO2/y, 5.1 × 104 kg CO2/y and 7.1 × 104 kg CO2/y, respectively.
Excess Thermodynamic Parameters of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Dimethyl Malonate with Isomeric Xylenes at Different Temperatures
Authors: Pavan Krishna K , Sandhya Sri P.B. , Sekhar D. Chandra , Balaji Gupta T.V.L.N. , Satyanarayana R.L.
Published: March 2024

Over the complete composition range of mole fractions, densities and ultrasonic velocities of binary liquid mixtures of dimethyl malonate with o-xylene, p-xylene and m-xylene were investigated at 303.15-318.15 K. These parameters were chosen to investigate the  impact of substituents and specific locations on several thermodynamic characteristics of binary mixtures. The deviation in adiabatic  compressibility (∆βad), excess molar volume (VE) and excess intermolecular free length (LfE) were estimated using the experimental measurements. These extraneous parameters are fitted to a polynomial equation of the Redlich-Kister type. Along with the obtained parameter values, the standard deviation (σ) was also determined.
Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Annealed Waste Foundry Sand
Authors: Patil Chandrashekhar R. , Patil Suryakant A. , Tawade Anita K. , Kambale Bhagyashri B. , Tayade Shivaji N. , Patil Sharad S. , Zambare Dnyandev N.
Published: March 2024

Under optimized experimental conditions, the efficient removal of methylene blue dye from annealed waste foundry sand as adsorbent was carried out. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and partical size analysis were used to confirm the crystalline structure, composition and morphology of the prepared sorbent. The sorbent achieved its highest adsorption capacity by interacting with an aqueous solution contaminated with methylene blue dye. A comparison was made between the sorbent and three annealed sands based on their dye removal efficiency adsorption data over time. By using Langmuir and pseudo second-order kinetic models to the sorption data, it is observed that both physical and chemical processes can influence the removal process. According to experimental data, annealed waste foundry sand (WFS-300) has a high adsorption efficiency and methylene blue adsorption follows.
Recent Advancements in the Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review
Authors: Dutta Buddhadeb , Suin Supratim
Published: March 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained significant attention in recent years as efficient cancer therapeutics owing to their uniform porosity, biocompatibility, diversified structures and stability in the biological medium. This review aimed to explore different synthetic strategies to obtain COFs for biomedical applications. Several synthetic procedures viz. solvothermal synthesis, ionothermal synthesis, microwave synthesis, mechanochemical synthesis, sonochemical synthesis have discussed been in terms of their applications in cancer therapy. The cancer therapeutics involves cancer drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photo thermal therapy (PTT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In some instances, single therapeutics treatments appear as inadequate effect and thus necessitate combination therapies for effective cancer termination with minimal side effects. The current study covers all the main synthetic techniques and uses of COFs in various cancer therapeutic treatments.
Synthesis, Characterization and Response of Newer Benzamidine Analogues against Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Jain A. , Ravichandran M. , Ugrappa S. , Lalitha P. , Wu Y.S. , Noor S.N.F.M. , Fuloria S. , Subramaniyan V. , Fuloria N.K.
Published: March 2024

Evidence suggests development of various therapeutic strategies against peri-implantitis ranging from plant extracts to synthetic molecules, but the development of resistance and associated side effects motivates the investigators to explore some new therapeutic moieties. Therefore, the present study was aimed to perform the synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of novel benzamidine analogues (NBA) against Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated peri-implantitis. To achieve the objectives of present study, 12 newer benzamidine analogues (NBA) were designed and subjected to molecular docking against Kgp-lysine specific cysteine proteinases gingipain K (PDB ID: 4RBM). Thus in present study, novel benzamidine analogues (NBA) were synthesized, followed by characterization (using attenuated total reflectance infrared, 1H & 13C NMR and direct infusion mass spectral data), in vitro antimicrobial activity (MIC and MBC) of NBA against P. gingivalis (using micro broth dilution method) and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of NBA against HEK 293 cells (using MTT assay). The study offered successful synthesis of three NBA (3a-c) and elucidated their structures. All the synthesized NBA exhibited good antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis with MIC value ranged between 31.25-250 µg/mL. Also, all NBA exhibited weak/negligible cytotoxicity against HEK 293 cells at 7.81 µg/mL. In conclusion, this study has led to the successful synthesis of effective peri-implantitis inhibitors with no significant toxicity. Present study recommends that, in future, the synthesized NBA should be further evaluated for their clinical importance in the peri-implantitis.
Molecular Docking, Toxicity Study and Antimicrobial Assessment of Novel Synthesized 1,3-(Disubstituted)-thiazol-2-amines
Authors: Kumar Arun , Singh Govind , Tonk Rajiv
Published: March 2024

In current study, a novel analogous of substituted-2-aminothiazoles (3a-o) were synthesized through a multi-step synthetic process. Structural elucidation of these newly synthesized substituted-2-aminothiazoles were achieved using combination of analytical techniques, comprising proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR), mass spectrometry and FTIR. An in vitro investigation was performed to measure the efficacy of antibacterial and antimycotic characteristics of these novel compounds (3a-o). Specifically, the growth-inhibiting action against the test fungal strains, including A. niger, M. purpureos and A. flavus was examined. Additionally, their inhibitory antibacterial activity against key bacterial strains, including P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli was ascertained employing the agar diffusion technique. The results of antibacterial screening disclosed that maximum number of the thiazole derivatives viz. 3a, 3d, 3e, 3i, 3k, 3l and 3n displayed minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 µg/mL for E. coli. While compounds 3k and 3n displayed minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 µg/mL for S. aureus. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 µg/mL was exhibited by compounds 3i, 3l and 3n against P. aeruginosa. None of the 2-aminothiazole derivative disclosed promising action against the fungal strains. Screening for in silico ADME and toxicity studies revealed that compounds are fairly compatible and were devoid of potential toxicity except compounds 3j and 3m. The docking studies on DNA gyrase (PDB ID; 1KZN) shows favourable binding interaction comparable to the pre-occupied ligand clorobiocin.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biopotent Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Base 2-{(1)-1-[2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]ethyl}-6,10b-dihydro-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one and their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Melkeri Shridhar P. , Naik P. Parameshwara , Satyanarayan N.D. , Pushpavathi Itte , Krishnamurthy G. , Chavan Prabhakar W.
Published: March 2024

Three transition metal(II) complexes (M = Co/ Zn/Pd) were synthesized by using a newly synthesized Schiff base ligand 2-{(1E)-1-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]ethyl}-6,10b-dihydro-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one (L) by conventional method. The structure of the compounds were determined by physical and analytical techniques like UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques and the crystallinity and inter-planar distance of the complexes were confirmed by XRD. The electron density in HOMO and LUMO was determined by DFT studies. The studies of electronic spectra and measurements of magnetic susceptibility suggest that Co(II) complex shows an octahedral geometry, Pd(II) complexes show square planar geometry and (ZnL2Cl2) complex shows tetrahedral geometry. The molar conductivity results suggested the non-electrolytic nature of the metal(II) complexes. The synthesized compounds was tested against antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The molecular docking study demonstrated that the ligand and its metal(II) complexes possess antibacterial and anticancer properties, and the results showed that the compounds were effective against the microorganisms that were examined. Furthermore, the results found that metal(II) complexes provided enhanced immunity against cancer cell lines.
In silico Studies of Cilnidipine Degradation Products for Structure Confirmation, Toxicity Prediction and Molecular Docking
Authors: Chintalapati Krishnam Raju , Kada Yesudas , Malkhed Vasavi , Palusa Sanath Kumar Goud , Bera Rabin , Jagarlapudi V. Shanmukha Kumar
Published: March 2024

In this study, a comprehensive analysis of cilnidipine and its degradation products (KD1-KD4 and CD1-CD3) with three main objectives viz. (i) toxicity prediction for bacterial mutagenicity, (ii) assessment of pharmacological activity and (iii) density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for structure confirmation. For bacterial mutagenicity prediction, in silico assessments were performed following ICH M7 guidelines. Using rule-based and statistical-based methodologies, predictions revealed an alerting group in CD1-CD3, while no alerting group was observed in KD1-KD4 for bacterial mutagenicity. To assess pharmacological activity, docking studies were conducted to identify the mode of binding and interaction types of cilnidipine and its degradation products with N-type and L-type calcium channel subunits 7VFS and 7UHF, respectively. Additionally, 20 drugs acting as calcium channel blockers were considered for docking analysis to correlate the affinities of binding. The interaction energies revealed that molecule CD3 shows the highest binding affinity with the ligand molecules, with a binding energy of -9.2 (kcal/mol) with 7VFS and -8.7 (kcal/mol) with 7UHF proteins, followed by KD3 with a binding energy of -8.7 (kcal/mol) (7VFS) and -7.9 (kcal/mol) (7UHF). Furthermore, DFT calculations were employed to reassess the structures of degradation products CD1 and CD2 proposed in the literature. Simulating 1H and 13C NMR spectra, the obtained data demonstrated good agreement with experimental results, confirming the proposed stereo-configurations in the literature. Based on in silico bacterial mutagenicity predictions and docking studies, KD3 emerged as a promising compound for receptor binding. Additionally, DFT calculations provided structural insights, affirming stereo-configurations proposed in the existing literature. This multifaceted approach contributed valuable insights into the toxicity, pharmacology and structural aspects of cilnidipine degradation products.
Trace Level Quantification of Genotoxic Impurities through Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) Coupled with Triple Quardrapole Analyzer in Combination Diabetic Drug Product
Authors: Pathak Mehul , Patel Dhara D. , Sharma Dalip , Singh Avineesh , Agrawal Suresh
Published: March 2024

N-Nitrosamine impurities have been found in several drug products, showing a concern for regulatory aspects. The study presents the development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for detecting eight nitrosamines in vildagliptin and metformin drug products. The developed method was specific and linearity was ranged 3.53-55.92 ppb for NDMA, 3.18-50.37 ppb for NMBA, 0.97-15.41 ppb for NDEA, 0.98-15.52 ppb for NEIPA, 1.00-15.86 ppb for NDIPA, 0.98-15.46 ppb for NDBA, 0.98-15.58 ppb for NMPA and 0.7-15.32 ppb for NDPA with correlation coefficient (r) was more than 0.98 and square of correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be greater than 0.96. The LOQ were obtained in the range of 0.97-3.53 ppb with %RSD in the range of 2.5-10.9% for eight nitrosamines showed good sensitivity. Accuracy was found in the range of 98.63 ± 5.77-125.17 ± 3.68% at LOQ level, 74.77 ± 0.83-88.17 ± 0.15% at 50% level, 79.93 ± 8.47-89.00 ± 0.61% at 100% level and 74.67 ± 2.31-84.03 ± 0.93% at 150% level for the eight nitrosamine impurities that were well within acceptance criteria of not less than 70% and not more than 130%. The method validation results demonstrated that the method is precise, accurate and linear, can be applied to quantify the nitrosamines in vildagliptin and metformin drug products.
Effect of Isopropanol Mixed Solvent on Interaction of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide with Bromocresol Green: A Conductometric Study
Authors: Samanta Subhodip
Published: March 2024

In present work, the interaction of an anionic dye, bromocresol green (BCG) with a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was studied using conductometric method. The effect of alteration of solvent media from water to cosolvent isopropanol and the effect of elevation in experimental temperature on the association behaviour of BCG-CTAB system were studied. The observed CMC and ΔG°m values indicate disfavored micellization of CTAB system in isopropanol. Whereas micellization of CTAB is favoured in the presence of BCG as additive. For BCG-CTAB system micellization becomes more feasible in presence of isopropanol. The observed value of ΔH°m and ΔS°m predicts micellization of CTAB is endothermic and entropy driven in aqueous solution, whereas, in the presence of BCG it becomes exothermic and enthalpy driven. The micellization process of BCG-CTAB system is exothermic and enthalpy driven in isopropanol. The calculated thermodynamic parameters of transfer for the BCG-CTAB system from water to water-isopropanol media at various temperatures (ΔG°m,tr, ΔH°m,tr, ΔS°m,tr) also supports the entropy-enthalpy mutual act in the micellization process of BCG-CTAB system. Present study also reveals that a compensation phenomenon is operative between the enthalpy and entropy of micellization in case of association process involving the CTAB and the BCG-CTAB systems. The hydrophobic stabilization results to increase in spontaneity of micellization of BCG-CTAB system in water while there is a decrease in hydrophobic stabilization in the presence of isopropanol and a decrease in spontaneity of micellization.
Effect of Phosphorus-Nitrogen based Flame-Retardant Combined with Zinc Borate on Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Dhillon Kismat , Soni Vishal , Dahiya J.B.
Published: March 2024

A phosphorus-nitrogen containing 6,6'-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) (DOPO-PZ) flame-retardant was synthesized and its effect combined with zinc borate (ZnB) and nanoclay (NC) on thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin was studied. Various epoxy composites containing DOPO, DOPO-PZ, ZnB and NC using curing agent diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were prepared. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of the composites showed intercalated nanostructure of epoxy-clay nanocomposites. In thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pure epoxy gave 3.4% char yield at 700 ºC in nitrogen atmosphere, while in case of EP/DOPO-PZ/ZnB/NC sample having 1% phosphorus content, 5 wt.% zinc borate (ZnB) and 3 wt.% nanoclay (NC), the char yield is increased to 24.0%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study showed decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) on the addition of flame-retardant due to plasticization effect and increase in Tg on addition of nanoclay due to formation of nanostructure of epoxy composites. The EP/DOPO-PZ/ZnB/NC nanocomposite sample exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 29.2% and passed the UL-94 test with a V-0 rating and thus achieved a sufficient flame retardancy.
Synthesis, Characterization, in vitro Biological Evaluation of a Series of Benzothiazole Amides as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Alazmaa Hadyah Mohammed , Avupati Vasudeva Rao , Santiago Carolina
Published: March 2024

A series of benzothiazole amides (VH01-06) were synthesized by using modified Schotten-Baumann reaction conditions, all the resultant compounds were obtained in good yields and purity. The molecular structure of the compounds was characterized using physical and spectral methods. The structures of the compounds were consistent with the analytical data obtained for FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS ESI-Mass spectroscopic techniques. Further, compounds were subjected to the in vitro antibacterial activity screening against various strains that includes Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 3359 and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) ATCC 2592) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli J53 R1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and Klebsiella pneumonia BAA-1075). Based on the biological screening results, compounds VH01-06 were found to possesses limited antibacterial properties against selected strains, since the recorded activity was found at 100 µM concentration. While compound VH05 displayed specific activity against E. coli ATCC 25923 at 200 µg/mL.
A Comparative Kinetic Study of Uncatalyzed and Ce(IV) Catalyzed Cetrizine Dihydrochloride Oxidation in Aqueous Acid Medium by Chloramine-T
Authors: Arpitha M.K. , Vidyashree K.M. , Sonakshi H.S. , Jayadevappa H.P.
Published: March 2024

A kinetic study of uncatalyzed and Ce(IV) catalyzed cetrizine dihydrochloride oxidation was carried out in aqueous acid medium using chloramine-T. Both uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions follows first order kinetics with respect to [CAT] and fractional order kinetics with respect to [substrate]. The reaction follows first order dependence on [CeIV] catalyst. The uncatalyzed reaction shows inverse fractional order for [H+] and [Cl–] whereas catalyzed reaction follows fractional order. The effect of ionic strength is negligible in both cases. The dielectric constant has negative effect on uncatalyzed reaction and positive effect on catalyzed reaction. To compute the thermodynamic parameters the kinetic runs were studied at different temperatures (293-313 K). The stoichiometry of the reaction was studied and the products of oxidation were analyzed. The rate law was also derived by the proposed mechanism.
UHPLC-MS/MS Technique: Applications in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Khan Hamid
Published: March 2024

The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) is becoming most advanced technique used for analysis of wide range of compounds in analytical chemistry. This technique has been effectively utilized for identifying and quantitatively determining substances in several pharmaceutical analysis fields. The UHPLC technique offers superior sensitivity, selectivity and peak shape in comparison to the conventional HPLC technique. The UHPLC coupled with various mass spectrometers gives accurate mass fragmentations which is ultimately helpful in structural identification and quantitative determination of compounds. The review provides brief introduction on development of UHPLC column packing materials and coupled mass detectors such as single quadrupole, triple quadrupole and time-of-flight mass. This review article also summarizes application of UHPLC-MS/MS technique in various fields of analytical chemistry.
Evaluation of Meibomian Glands and Tear Film in Pterygium Patients
Authors: Praveen Kavalanayak Kurahatti  , Niharika Krishna Shetty
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

In this study we wanted to estimate the tear film and meibomian gland abnormalities in pterygium patients, and compare the tear film in pterygium eye with non pterygium eye.

METHODS

This was a prospective study conducted in the outpatient department of ophthalmology of Adichunchanagiri institute of Medical sciences, Bellur, Mandya. A TBUT of <10 secs, Schirmer <10 secs and Meibomian glands <1/3 of lid area considered to be abnormal.

RESULTS

The Schirmer’s test showed 41.1% of dry eye out of which 28.8% was mild, 12.3% was moderate dry eye disease. And TBUT test showed 51.1% dry eye out of which 31.2% was mild, 8.8% was moderate and 11.1% was severe dry eye disease. 27(30%) patients had grade 1, 26(28.9) patients with grade 2 and 24(26.7) patients with grade 3 meibomian gland disorder. In eyes with pterygium, results were significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS

Meibomian gland and tear film may be altered in patients having pterygium, which may lead to ocular discomfort and dry eye.
Subglottic Membranous Stenosis - Retrograde Endoscopic Surgical Approach
Authors: Vithal D. Udagatti  , Rajendran Dinesh Kumar  , Praveen Kumar  , Rishab Kumar  , Aditya Anthony Arnaldo Fernandes  , Neha Rani  , Aswini Unnikrishnan  , Pranav Shetty
Published: March 2024

Laryngeal Stenosis is defined as narrowing of airway due to scarring. Stenosis may be congenital or due to trauma, surgery, radiation, intubations or infection. Routinely laryngeal stenosis is treated by excising the scar area and restoring the normal size of larynx by placing intraluminal soft and flexible stenting for a prolonged period.
TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM IN THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Nugroho Irham , Huda Miftachul , Suyadi Suyadi , Shalikhah Norma Dewi
Published: March 2024

COVID-19 has caused a crisis of teacher professionalism degradation. It has surprised teachers at all levels and at the same time inspired them to seek solutions to problems they had never encountered before. Teachers and students are required to adapt to the new normal so that teachers transition in professional life from offline to online. This study aims to analyze the professionalism of teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of pedagogical, personality, social, and professional competencies. The method used is a systematic literature review (SLR), identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all findings on a research topic to answer pre-determined research questions using the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analytic (PRISMA). This research database uses Scholar, ERIC, and Mendeley. The results of the study show that teacher professionalism is decadent during the COVID-19 period. pedagogical competence becomes highly cognitive because of the weak transfer of values ​​online. personality competence has distorted the teacher's charisma because for almost two years the students have not met the teacher. Social competence of teachers fails to develop a sense of togetherness because of social and physical distancing. Besides that, the professionalism phase of teachers in Indonesia is in the collegial phase, pedagogic competence is considered more important than other competencies. In terms of personality competence, female teachers have a higher level of professional commitment than male teachers and the professional level of teachers with a master's degree education is significantly higher than the level of professional commitment of teachers with undergraduate education. Individual work professionalism is determined and monitored collectively. This means that the principal will be given decision-making authority over school policies and procedures and the support capacity of school leaders is needed. Pedagogy and professionalism during and after a pandemic will drive transformational change. Guidelines for professional behavior are needed to interpret what the professionalism of teachers looks like during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, the concept of teacher professionalism is no longer relevant in the COVID-19 era. For future research recommendations, it is necessary to develop guidelines for professional teacher behavior during the pandemic, both COVID-19 and other natural phenomena that cause pandemics.
WHAT DID INFLUENCE THE STUDENTS OF THE ELEMENTARY PRESERVICE TEACHERS' COMMITMENT? A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF STUDENT'S SELF-LEADERSHIP AND SELF-CONCEPT
Authors: Atikoh Nur
Published: March 2024

This study's objective was to investigate how self-leadership and self-concept influenced the students of elementary preservice teachers' commitment to the teaching profession. Students of elementary preservice teachers were employed in this study. The method was quantitative. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques consisted of questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis and tested normality, homogeneity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The hypothesis testing was used to test simple multiple regression linearity and multiple regression linearity test. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there were positive effects on the self-leadership, self-concept, and commitment of the teaching profession of elementary preservice teachers. Further investigation was required to explore that relationship. It is suggested that different self-leadership and self-concepts influenced the commitment to the teaching profession of elementary preservice teachers. Implications of the result were discussed.