bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timed Up and Go in assessing the frailty of older farmers in Rio Grande do Sul: cross-sectional study
Authors: Trindade Jorge Luiz de Andrade , Moraes Marielly de , Dias Alexandre Simões
Published: June 2023

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the sensitivity of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) as a predictor of frailty syndrome in the elderly (IFS) in the elderly rural population of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and to identify the prevalence of IFS in this population. Method Cross-sectional study, carried out with 604 farmers over 60 years of age (321 men and 283 women) identified through clusters structured from the regions of the Federation of Agricultural Workers of Rio Grande do Sul (FETAG-RS) and respective unions. In addition to demographic variables (gender, age), functional mobility was assessed by performing the TUG and reported frailty. The Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess a TUG test cutoff point for frailty. Results IFS or frailty was identified in 52.5% (n=317) of the surveyed population; 35.1% (n=212) pre-frail and 12.4% (n=75) non-frail. And the mean time to perform the TUG varied according to gender was 11.6 seconds for women and 10.8 seconds for men – (p=0.0001). The progression of age was related to longer time spent on the age test (young elderly - 60-64 years old; older elderly -75-79 and oldest old - 80+ - p=0.0001). The ROC curve indicated 10 seconds in the execution of the TUG test as the best cutoff point for diagnosing the SF frailty syndrome in rural elderly. Conclusion The frequency of frailty and pre-frailty in this research indicates a condition of vulnerability of rural workers in RS in their aging process. Demonstrating, from the TUG test, characteristics of functional mobility and risk of frailty of older farmers, important for future considerations on the singularities of the health of this population and necessary professional interventions.
Timed Up and Go na avaliação da fragilidade de pessoas idosas agricultoras do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo transversal
Authors: Trindade Jorge Luiz de Andrade , Moraes Marielly de , Dias Alexandre Simões
Published: June 2023

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar a sensibilidade do teste Timed Up and Go test (TUG) como preditor da síndrome da fragilidade do idoso (SFI) da população rural idosa do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e identificar a prevalência de SFI nessa população. Método Estudo transversal, realizado com 604 agricultores com mais de 60 anos de idade (321 homens e 283 mulheres) identificados por meio de conglomerados estruturados a partir das regionais da Federação dos Trabalhadores da Agricultura do Rio Grande do Sul (FETAG-RS) e respectivos sindicatos. Além de variáveis demográficas (sexo, idade), foi avaliada a mobilidade funcional mediante a realização do TUG e a fragilidade referida. A curva Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) foi construída para avaliar um ponto de corte do teste TUG para fragilidade. Resultados A SFI ou fragilidade foi identificada em 52,5% (n=317) da população pesquisada; 35,1% (n=212) pré-frageis e 12,4% (n=75) não-frágeis. E o tempo médio de realização do TUG em relação ao sexo foi de 11,6 segundos para mulheres e 10,8 segundos para homens (p=0,0001). A progressão da idade esteve relacionada com maior tempo de realização do teste (idosos jovens - 60-64 anos; idosos mais velhos -75-79 e longevos - 80+ - p=0,0001). A curva ROC indicou 10 segundos na execução do teste TUG como melhor ponto de corte para diagnóstico da SF em idosos rurais. Conclusão A frequência de fragilidade e pré-fragilidade nesta pesquisa, indicam uma condição de vulnerabilidade do trabalhador rural do RS no seu processo de envelhecimento. Demonstrando, a partir do teste TUG, características de mobilidade funcional e risco de fragilidade dos agricultores mais velhos, importantes para considerações futuras sobre as singularidades da saúde dessa população e intervenções profissionais necessárias.
Alzheimer’s disease: a case study involving the most prevalent neurocognitive disorder in older people
Authors: Zanotto Luciane Fabricio , Pivatto Vanessa Aparecida , Pinculini Ana Paula Gonçalves , Adami Eliana Rezende
Published: June 2023

Abstract Objective To analyze the clinical evolution of a patient affected by Alzheimer's disease and discuss the repercussions of an early diagnosis. Method Instrumental case study of qualitative and descriptive type that was developed in three stages: 1) selection and delimitation of the case; 2) collection of data in the field; and 3) organization and writing of the report. This study is based on the analysis of the clinical evolution described in the medical records of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, treated and followed-up by the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS), for a period of 10 years, in the Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe region. Results This study was conducted with the patient M.R., female, 71 years old, married, housewife, with incomplete elementary education, carrier of AD and hypothyroidism, who started her follow-up at CAPS II on September 10, 2012. Patient submitted to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), with a result of 14 points in the first test, below the cut-off point for the patient's level of education. Later, in 2018, she scored 10 points on the MMSE, and in 2020 she scored 11, already under medication treatment for AD: memantine 10mg 2x/day and donepezilla 5mg 1x/day. Conclusion Early diagnosis of AD is extremely important for appropriate treatment to slow the progression of the disease. However, mental disorders such as depression are barriers in the initial clinical analysis of patients and in some cases presents itself as a prodrome for AD.
VIVER E MORRER EM SAN JUNIPERO
Authors: Rovai Mauro , Nascimento Nayara Baiochi do
Published: June 2023

Resumo Este artigo analisa o episódio intitulado San Junipero (2016) da série britânica Black Mirror, dirigido por Owen Harris, de modo a apontar como aparece a conexão entre morte e tecnologia, manifesta no uso do verbo “to pass” e na presença de uma assim chamada “terapia nostálgica” ao longo da trama. Para tanto, o principal recurso metodológico será identificar como tais noções estão construídas no episódio, mobilizando os conceitos de memória coletiva (Maurice Halbwachs) e vidas móveis (Anthony Elliot e John Urry). Pretende-se, pois, uma análise imanente do material, dando ênfase particular aos seus elementos expressivos - enquadramentos, diálogos, canções, as roupas das personagens, entre outros -, de maneira a identificar os grupos sociais presentes no episódio, via sociologia do cinema de Pierre Sorlin, e, a partir daí, discutir os conceitos mencionadas acima.
Germination and regeneration of Eugenia involucrata (Myrtaceae) seeds correlated with reactive oxygen species
Authors: Amorim Isabela Pedroni , Silva João Paulo Naldi , Barbedo Claudio José
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Seeds of the genus Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) have interesting propagation strategies, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to be related to their germination and seedling production. In this study, the effects of ROS on the germination of E. involucrata seeds were analyzed indirectly, with the application of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. The results demonstrated that the incubation in NAC suppressed and/or delayed the germination of the seeds, as well as the regeneration of roots and aerial parts. The higher the concentration of NAC, the greater the effects on seed germination and regeneration.
Influência da transparência e da opacidade na ortografia de fonemas fricativos.
Authors: Paschoal Larissa , Chacon Lourenço
Published: June 2023

Resumo Objetivo (1) verificar em que medida a ocorrência de possíveis erros seria influenciada pelo tipo de relação (opaca/transparente) que os fonemas fricativos mantêm com os grafemas com que podem ser ortografados; (2) verificar, dentre esses dois tipos de relações, se os fonemas que apresentam relações grafêmicas comuns apresentam ou não diferenças entre si. Método Foram analisadas 750 produções textuais de crianças do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF). Nessas produções, foi realizado o levantamento da frequência de acertos e de erros na ortografia de fonemas fricativos do Português Brasileiro (PB). Resultados Os erros ocorreram em maior número no grupo de fonemas com ortografia opaca quando comparados com o número de erros no grupo de fonemas com ortografia transparente. No primeiro grupo, os erros apresentaram comportamento não simétrico, já que variaram em função das possibilidades de grafemas para cada fonema. Já no segundo grupo, os erros apresentaram comportamento simétrico. Conclusão Dadas a simetria nos erros dos fonemas do primeiro grupo e a não simetria naqueles do segundo grupo, os resultados obtidos apontam para uma gradação na ocorrência de erros, que varia em função da transparência e do grau de opacidade nas relações entre fonemas e grafemas de uma mesma classe.
A motivação para aprender na adolescência e o ensino remoto emergencial
Authors: Porto Renata Sol Magalhães , Fernandes Graziela Nunes Alfenas , Almeida Maria Júlia Amaral Abranches de , Mário Ana Beatrice Peixoto , Lemos Stela Maris Aguiar
Published: June 2023

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a associação entre a motivação para aprender e a adaptação ao ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) de estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental e 1º, 2º e 3º anos do ensino médio de uma instituição de financiamento privado. Métodos trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, do qual participaram 68 adolescentes, autorizados pelos pais ou responsáveis, e que responderam a três questionários, por meio da plataforma Google Forms: Questionário de Caracterização dos Participantes; Escala de Motivação para a Aprendizagem e Questionário sobre a Adaptação ao Ensino Remoto. Resultados a análise de associação demonstrou que estudantes com alta motivação se sentiram mais bem adaptados ao ERE. Além disso, mostrou que as adolescentes com baixa motivação se orientaram de modo a evitar situações negativas, mais do que os adolescentes. Conclusão a motivação intrínseca pode ter influenciado a adaptação ao ensino remoto emergencial e as adolescentes podem ter sido motivadas a evitar o insucesso escolar, de modo que não prejudicasse suas questões emocionais pessoais.
Reactivity against Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula-like in horses from Southeastern and Midwestern Brazil
Authors: Silva Thiago Merighi Vieira da , De Santi Mariele , Gonçalves Luiz Ricardo , Merino Márcia Mariza Jusi , André Marcos Rogério , Machado Rosangela Zacarias
Published: June 2023

Abstract Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFATs) have been widely used to identify exposure of horses to S. neurona in Brazil. Here we used IFAT to search for IgG antibodies against Sarcocystis falcatula-like (Dal-CG23) and S. neurona (SN138) in sera from 342 horses sampled in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state (Midwestern), and São Paulo, São Paulo state (Southeastern), Brazil. The 1:25 cutoff value was chosen to maximize sensitivity of the test. IgG antibodies against S. neurona were detected in 239 horses (69.88%), whereas IgG antibodies against S. falcatula-like were detected in 177 horses (51.75%). Sera from 132 horses (38.59%) reacted against both isolates. Absence of reactivity was evidenced in 58/342 horses (16.95%). The lower cutoff used, and the presence of opossums infected with S. falcatula-like and Sarcocystis spp. in the regions where the horses were sampled, might justify the high seroprevalence observed here. Owing to the similarity among antigens targeted in immunoassays, reports on S. neurona-seropositive horses in Brazil may also derive from the exposure of horses to other Sarcocystis species. The role of other Sarcocystis species in causing neurological diseases in horses in Brazil remains unclear.
MODEL OF HEAT TRANSFER AND CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN THE HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE IN VIT 106 ALLOY IN SELECTIVE LASER MELTING
Authors: Gridnev Mikhail A. , Khmyrov Roman S.
Published: June 2023

Metallic glasses are difficult materials to obtain as bulk products because of the need for rapid cooling to avoid crystallization. Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have lower cooling rates than metallic glasses, which allows one to obtain bulk structures but it is hard to achieve by traditional methods. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing method that processes powders layer by layer to form a part from a three-dimensional model. In SLM, the cooling rate exceeds the critical cooling rate for
BMGs, which suggests the possibility of applying SLM to BMG. The purpose of this work is to study the crystallization kinetics at SLM by theoretical analysis of a particular process example. Comparison of the calculations and the experiment indicates the amorphous structure of the remelted material, as well as the presence of a large number of crystal nuclei in the original material.
Saberes locales rurales para la sustentabilidad del recurso hídrico
Authors: Rodríguez-Arévalo Claribel , Moreno-Meneses Jannelly
Published: June 2023

Este estudio consistió en evaluar cómo, a través de la educación ambiental y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (abp), se transforman los saberes locales rurales para la sensibilización y concientización de los estudiantes de grado sexto frente al cuidado y la sustentabilidad del recurso hídrico en la inspección en San Antonio (municipio de Anapoima, Cundinamarca). A partir de un enfoque cualitativo, con metodología de investigación-acción participativa, se identificaron las prácticas que ejercen los diecinueve estudiantes participantes de la Institución Educativa Rural San Antonio frente a los usos que a través del tiempo se les ha dado a las diferentes fuentes hídricas para la sostenibilidad de la población. Dicha información fue obtenida a partir de instrumentos de observación directa y técnicas basadas en la aplicación de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. Esta investigación presenta datos del trabajo en campo obtenidos a partir del análisis de tres categorías: percepción del recurso hídrico, saberes ancestrales rurales, y problemas de contaminación hídrica. Como conclusión, se tiene que la implementación de la estrategia de abp a través de la educación ambiental favoreció el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y fomentó en los estudiantes el liderazgo y la autonomía para aprender y proponer actividades de concientización y cuidado frente al recurso hídrico. A su vez, se creó una cultura de investigación en los estudiantes, quienes fueron los actores en la formulación de las preguntas-problema y la solución de estas generando cambios actitudinales.
Accounting of the porosity of the material in the simulation of the time-dependent dielectric breakdown in the metallization system of integrated circuits
Authors: Orlov A. A. , Ganykina E. A. , Rezvanov A. A.
Published: June 2023

In this work, simulation modeling of processes of the diffusion of copper ions in low-k dielectric between two neighboring copper lines is performed. It was found that an increase in the diffusion time of an ion in a material with a porosity of 30% and a pore radius of 1 nm (for the input parameters specified in the work) due to an increase in the diffusion path can be estimated at 16%. Moreover, the combined consideration of the effect of an increase in the electric field at the edges of the pores and a decrease in the diffusion activation energy leads to a decrease in the time to breakdown by 26% relatively dense material.
Analysis and comparison of different approaches to the extraction of parameters of the memristor model
Authors: Shamin E. S. , Gornev E. S.
Published: June 2023

The paper analyzes various approaches to the problem of extracting the parameters of an empirical memristor model. A description of the features of the extraction process for the memristor mobility modification model is given, and an original version of the extraction algorithm is proposed, based on the Nelder—Mead optimization algorithm with an objective function based on the calculation of features of the studied current-voltage characteristic. The proposed algorithm is compared with two others — with an objective function based on the symmetric difference between the areas of the model and experimentally obtained current-voltage characteristics and with an objective function based on the MSE between the points of the considered current-voltage characteristics. The comparison is carried out according to the criterion of a fixed budget using a specialized software tool. The proposed extraction algorithm is not inferior to the other two in accuracy, while offering the possibility of fine tuning.
Movimientos indígenas y respuestas estatales frente a la pandemia en México, Ecuador y Brasil
Authors: Yépez Arroyo María Cristina , Fernández-Salvador Consuelo , Bueno Flávia , Kabad Juliana , Moreno Arlinda B. , Cardia Petra Priscila
Published: June 2023

La pandemia de la covid-19 puso de manifiesto el rol del Estado y de los Gobiernos en la gestión de esta situación de emergencia, así como la capacidad de los movimientos sociales para proponer formas de acción colectiva, de autonomía y de solidaridad. Con base en la observación de medios digitales pertenecientes a movimientos indígenas en México, Ecuador y Brasil –entre marzo de 2020 y julio de 2021– se analiza cómo estos movimientos han reorganizado sus formas de resistencia y han llevado a cabo acciones basadas en sus demandas, al visibilizar la ausencia y negligencia del Estado y establecer alianzas o asumir el reto de manera autónoma. Los casos abordados en el presente artículo permiten ampliar la comprensión sobre la potencia e importancia del accionar de los movimientos sociales, y, a la vez, proponer un entendimiento de la pandemia que atraviesa múltiples dimensiones sociales y ambientales, más allá de la cuestión sanitaria.
Crianza y sostenibilidad de la vida: economía comunitaria y economía feminista
Authors: Carranza Barona César , Villavicencio Salazar Nicolás
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se exponen las potencialidades alternativas de dos saberes sometidos por la economía neoclásica: la economía feminista y la economía comunitaria andino-amazónica. En un primer momento, se presenta el régimen desarrollista de saber-poder. Luego, se describe el lugar que ocupa en este régimen la economía convencional y se presenta la economía comunitaria como otra economía. En tercer lugar, se introduce el concepto de sostenibilidad de la vida de la vertiente rupturista de la economía feminista. Después, se ahonda en los principios del buen vivir que dotan de sentido a la economía comunitaria andino-amazónica dando lugar al concepto de crianza de la vida. Se concluye exponiendo los nexos y tensiones que surgen de pensar una alternatividad económica que conjugue estas discursividades.
Sanar nuestros vínculos para sanar el vínculo: del león al unicornio, pasando por el mono
Authors: Noël Camille , Lempereur Emmanuelle , Ameye Sarah , Boucau Valérie , Lallemand Bernadette , Pirlot Vanessa , Van Ypersele David , Kaisin Patrick
Published: June 2023

En los últimos años, el término “incasable”, para quien no hay lugar, se utiliza cada vez más para describir a niñas, niños y jóvenes que agotan las instituciones y son zarandeados de una a otra. A partir de la presentación de la trayectoria vital y la hospitalización de una niña de 10 años con apego inseguro, desorganizado y síntomas de disociación postraumática, en el artículo se exploran los elementos que sustentaron su atención. Entre ellos, se hace especial hincapié en la importancia de los vínculos difractores y las relaciones transferenciales, tanto dentro de la unidad de atención como dentro de la institución; también se observan las vinculaciones entre estas y quienes conforman la red de la niña. Se proponen la función y el uso de determinados objetos y un modelo de coterapia por parte de un psicólogo y un fisioterapeuta. Por último, se presenta el testimonio de la niña recogido en forma de juego de arena y las reflexiones que de él se desprenden.
Como direcionar a formação do fisioterapeuta em Gerontologia no Brasil diante do envelhecimento populacional?
Authors: Alexandre Tiago da Silva , Pereira Daniele Sirineu , Arantes Paula Maria Machado , Menezes Ruth Losada de , Pegorari Maycon Sousa , Molina Francielle Fialkoski , Perracini Monica Rodrigues , Lustosa Lygia Paccini , Alencar Mariana Asmar , Mazzei Simone da Costa
Published: June 2023

CONTEXTO | O rápido envelhecimento populacional brasileiro mudou nosso cenário de saúde, o que exige que o profissional fisioterapeuta esteja preparado para lidar com as especificidades desta população. A Associação Brasileira de Fisioterapia em Gerontologia (ABRAFIGE), que tem a missão de fortalecer a especialidade e promover assistência qualificada em Fisioterapia em Gerontologia, propõe uma relação das competências fundamentais para formação no ensino nos cursos de graduação em Fisioterapia e de pós-graduação lato sensu em Fisioterapia em Gerontologia. Essa iniciativa visa auxiliar os gestores das Instituições de Ensino Superior das diversas regiões brasileiras no planejamento de tais cursos de forma a melhorar a qualidade da formação dos fisioterapeutas nessa área.
Systematic review–how do we identify urinary tract infections today?
Authors: Marina Čeprnja , Damir Oros , Andrea Janeš , Jurica Žučko , Karmela Barišić , Jasenka Škrlin , Antonio Starčević
Published: June 2023

Standard urine culture is still considered a gold standard in the identification of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), but is time-consuming and in approximately 20% of patients with UTI symptoms produces false-negative results. Medical and scientific communities are in search of a faster, more accurate, yet affordable method with high clinical utility. As a supplement to standard culture in routine practice Urine Flow Cytometer (UFC) screening method is used, in order to detect negative urine culture samples. This allows for shortening issuing time for sterile urine culture reports and the cost of the analysis itself. In addition, urine dipstick tests and microscopic examinations of urine sediment can also be performed in biochemical laboratories but are usually preceded by urine culture. Nowadays, advanced methods such as proteomics and genomics are used to identify pathogens causing UTIs but are still used mainly for scientific purposes and rarely in clinical practice. From genomic methods PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenome sequencing are being researched. PCR is great for targeted diagnostics, 16S RNA gene amplification can determine bacterial genera and their abundance, but is not good for in-depth species analysis, while metagenomics is the most comprehensive and unbiased method. The proteomics field also offers several methods for microbial identification, with MS as the leading one. Clinical applications of MS platforms usually imply MALDI-TOF MS analyzers which produce a characteristic spectrum called peptide mass fingerprint or more present for scientific purposes LC-MS/MS-based peptide sequencing.
Spin column TNA extraction from plants - GITC method v1
Authors: JN Kitson James
Published: June 2023

This protocol is designed for extracting total nucleic acids (TNA) from plant material. In reality the drying step probably means that you won't isolate plant mRNA but viral RNA (and probably plant ribosomal RNA) are recovered. This protocol is based on the plant tissue TNA extraction method from bomb.bio but modified to use inexpensive 96 well spin column plates. The reasons for this are three-fold: SPRI bead protocols are complicated to perform for multiple plates simultaneously. Using this protocol, up to four plates of extractions can be performed simultaneously in a deep well plate centrifuge such as the Heraeus Megafuge 40R. SPRI beads require very clean supernatant after grinding to prevent plant particles binding within the bead pellet and causing downstream contamination whereas the spin columns and filter plates mechanically filter the lysate. Spin columns allow a larger amount of input material than the bomb.bio protocol. This protocol is significantly improved through the use of high volume multichannel electronic repeaters (e.g. a Gilson PIPETMAN M P8X1200M) or a 96 well pipette (e.g. the Gilson Platemaster) but can be performed using manual multichannel pipettes.
Manual isolation of nuclei from human brain using CellRaft device and single nucleus Whole Genome Amplification v1
Authors: Kalef-Ezra Ester
Published: June 2023

Protocol for manual nuclear isolation from human brain tissue using Cell Raft device for single cell Whole Genome Amplification.
Translating Politeness of Persadaan Tendi Texts in Karonese Language Into English
Authors: Sembiring Milisi , Girsang Martina , Ambarita Esron , Manik Sondang
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to explore the politeness of persadaan tendi texts in Karonese language and translate them into English. Persadaan tendi or mukul is the process by which the bride and groom introduce themselves to their new relatives. This study was conducted using descriptive qualitative research and supported by translation and pragmatics analyses. There are three data sources of this study; from two books titled Adat Karo Si Rulo written by Ginting (2008) and Indahnya Perkawinan Adat Karo by Milala (2007); and from the researchers’ observations as participants at persadaan tendi ceremonies in Tigabinanga sub-district, Karo Regency and Tuntungan sub-district, Medan, North Sumatra. The results reveal that in persadaan tendi texts there are linguistic and cultural forms of politeness which are kalimbubu, kampil, and manok sangkep as cultural politeness. The second singular pronoun kam subject and the enclitic pronoun –ndu means ’your’, and endi or ‘here’ are linguistic politeness. Rebu (social avoidance to talk directly) among the rebu participants in Karonese society is cultural politeness. These examples of linguistic and cultural politeness in the source language (SL) are not found in the target language (TL). Molina and Albir’s (2002) translation technique of description, supported by critical discourse analysis and semantic analysis is workable to overcome untranslatable of the cultural and linguistic politeness in the SL.
The Rendering of Foul Language in Spanish-English Subtitling: The Case of El Vecino
Authors: Barrera-Rioja Noemí
Published: June 2023

Audiovisual translation into English is recently gaining importance as the material produced in other languages is now increasingly crossing borders thanks to the internet. This article explores foul language, deemed one of the most problematic aspects of subtitling. The aim is to elucidate how this is normally subtitled into English. Drawing on a corpus of swearwords from Netflix Spanish comedy series El Vecino (Vigalondo, 2019‒2021), this paper examines the frequency of use of different translation techniques and the reasons behind the omission of certain instances of foul language. Results show that, while omitting swearwords is the second most common scenario, the most frequent one is transferring the offensive load of the original expression, with roughly 70 % of instances making it into the target product. As for factors influencing this decision, it was observed that overall swearwords are omitted not because they are offensive, but primarily because of their low narrative value, the subtitling’s vulnerability, and the interaction between swearwords and non-verbal elements. Time and space constraints of subtitling appear to have little impact. These results suggest that the potential influence of censorship and cultural differences on foul language omissions in English subtitles is presented as a possible research avenue.
Effectiveness of combined therapy for patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Chyzh A. G. , Zhukovets A. G. , Demeshko P. D. , Grachev Yu. N. , Polyakov S. L.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Incidence of brain metastases rises in recent years. Local control after surgical resection of brain metastases is a priority for patients with limited intracranial disease and controlled primary tumor. Surgery should be combined with other methods because of the high risk of local recurrences.

Aim. To analyze the overall survival (OS) and influencing factors for patients with brain metastasis after combined therapy. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 196 patients with stable systemic cancer or available systemic therapy in cases of progressive disease. All patients had from 1 to 3 brain metastasis. Overall survival and influencing factors after surgical and combined therapy were analysed.

Results. Median OS for the entire cohort was 16.9 months. The highest levels of OS were achieved for patients with renal cancer (median OS 32.5 months). For patients with non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma and other cancers OS were 18.8; 19.9; 11.0 and 15.3 months, appropriately. Age, continuation of local therapy in brain (surgical intervention, stereotactic radiosurgery), using of the cisplatin for patients with non-small lung cancer brain metastasis were independent factors that have influenced OS.

Conclusion. Application of combined therapy for brain metastasis can provide reasonable OS for patients with controlled systemic disease. Using of the cisplatin as a part of combined therapy provide statistically meaningful rise in OS for patients with non-small lung cancer brain metastasis.
Antitumor activity of solution of natural substance G-01 at the example of sarcoma M-1 without adjuvant available.
Authors: Mirsaeva F. Z. , Garaishin Rustam M. , Kzyrgalin Sh. R. , Kitapova R. R. , Kostromina D. A. , Garaishina D. R. , Zaleev T. R.
Published: June 2023

Objective. To study the properties of the solution G-01 in a single injection while changing the concentration of the solution.
Materials and methods. The monosaccharide hexose was used as a means of exposing animals. Working code: G-01. The animals were divided into 5 groups: group 1 10 rats (who received a 10 % solution of G-01 sc, once), group 2 10 rats (who received a 15 % solution of G-01 sc, once), group 3 10 rats (who received a 20 % solution of G-01 sc, once), group 4 10 rats (who received a 25 % solution of G-01 sc, once), group 5 10 rats (control group did not receive G-01 solutions in various concentrations).
Results. During the observation of animals, after transplanting a suspension of tumor cells, the growth of a solid tumor was detected in 100 % of cases in rats of the control group. In the experimental groups, in which 10 % and 25 % G-01 solution was used, the growth of solid tumors was also detected. Moreover, the growth rate and volume of tumors, visually, did not differ in the groups. In rats, who received a 15 % solution of G-01, a tumor developed in 3 out of 10 rats. In rats, who received a 20 % solution of G-01 in 2 out of 10 rats.
Conclusions. The results of the work carried out prove that the substance of natural origin G-01 is a generator of adaptive immunity for the prevention of the development of the tumor process. In case of the development of the disease, it allows to achieve a tumor regression without the development of serious adverse events affecting the quality of life of animals, that is the main goal of antitumor treatment or prevention of any oncological disease.
Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus a Behavioural Disorder? An Evidence Review for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Remission through Lifestyle Modification
Authors: Li Matthias ,   The University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK, Jeeyavudeen Mohammad Sadiq ,   Western General Hospital, Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Edinburgh, UK, Arunagirinathan Ganesan ,   Western General Hospital, Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Edinburgh, UK, Pappachan Joseph ,   The University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK,   Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Published: June 2023

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is steadily rising worldwide due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle combined with unhealthy food habits. Currently, the burden of diabetes on healthcare systems is unprecedented and rising daily. Several observational studies and randomized controlled trials provide clinical evidence that T2DM remission is possible by adopting dietary interventions and a strict exercise training protocol. Notably, these studies provide ample evidence for remission in patients with T2DM or for prevention in those with risk factors for the disease through various non-pharmacological behavioural interventions. In this article, we present two clinical cases of individuals who showed remission from T2DM/prediabetes via behavioural changes, especially through the adoption of a low-energy diet and exercise. We also discuss the recent advances in T2DM and obesity research, focusing on nutritional interventions and exercise and their benefits for weight loss, improved metabolic profile, enhanced glycaemic control and remission of diabetes.
Hill’s Classification of Gastro-Oesophageal Flap Valve weakness: A valuable Tool for Endoscopic Grading of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Bharatam Dr. Kaundinya
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease is one of the most common conditions needing an endoscopy evaluation. The evaluation of this condition also needs 24-hour pH-monitoring and oesophageal manometry, but in reality, these investigations are not easily available and are cumbersome. Methodology: We used the Hill’s classification for the gastro-oesophageal flap valve and objectified the evaluation of the reflux present. We were able to objectively assess the findings during endoscopy mainly the Gastro-Oesophageal Flap Valve using the Hill’s Classification and correlate its grade with the presentation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and its possible treatments with outcome. Inference and conclusion: We find this tool to be easy to perform and interpret as compared to the more cumbersome and complex 24-hour pH monitoring and Oesophageal Manometry. With our study we wish to encourage the use of Hill’s Classification in all endoscopies done for reflux disease. Word of Caution: Investigations like the 24-hour pH-monitoring and Oesophageal Manometry can be reserved for select cases that may either need further evaluation of this condition or have the need to rule out functional conditions of the oesophagus like the oesophageal motility disorders.
Efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA for Spasticity-Associated Pain in a Series of Patients with Spasticity of Diverse Etiologies
Authors: Camoes-Barbosa Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Background: Spasticity is a motor disorder that appears as a cause of upper and lower limb motor disability, frequently causing pain. IncobotulinumtoxinA (IncoA) has proved effective for treating diverse musculoskeletal pathologies, including spasticity and spasticity-related pain. Aims: The aim was to determine the efficacy of IncoA for the treatment of pain associated to limb spasticity of diverse etiologies. Methods: Prospective, single-center study including 30 patients treated with IncoA between May and August 2021 at the University Hospital Center of Central Lisbon (Lisbon, Portugal). Primary endpoint was improvement in spasticity-related pain, assessed by employing pain numerical rating scale for pain at baseline and 12 weeks post-injection, scoring between 0 (no pain) and 10 (severe pain). Results: Patients showed spasticity due to different etiologies, mainly ischemic stroke (46.7%), hemorrhagic stroke (23.3%) and cerebral palsy (20.0%). Mean pain score significantly decreased from baseline (mean: 6.8, range: 2-10) to 12 weeks post-injection (mean: 1.6; range: 0-5). Mean reduction of pain was of -5.2 points (95%CI: -5.9, -4.5). All patients achieved minimum clinically significant difference in pain reduction, showing sustained effect over 12 weeks regardless of spasticity etiology. Conclusion: IncoA may be considered as an alternative for the treatment of spasticity-associated pain of diverse etiologies in upper and lower limbs.
A complete pipeline for glioma grading using intelligible AI on multimodal MRI data
Authors: Dequidt Paul , Bourdon Pascal , Tremblais Benoit , Naudin Mathieu , Fayolle Pierre , Giraud Clément , Guillevin Carole , Maloigne Christine , Guillevin Rémy
Published: June 2023

1) Objectives: Machine learning for binary glioma grading have been extensively used on anatomical MRI, especially using the BraTS dataset. The relevance of radiomic criteria based on multimodal imaging, including diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy data is to be explored, as multimodal datasets are scarce, and there is no common benchmark for performance comparison. 2) Material and methods: Poitiers University Hospital provides 123 multimodal patient data. We computed 124 features and let a recursive feature elimination algorithm (RFE) yield a relevant, reduced subset of features. We trained a SVM classifier on this subset. We proposed a method to adapt the BraTS dataset to allow performance comparison with the literature. We got a performance reference point by training on anatomical data only, and showed improvements when multimodalities were added. We explored the feature relevance through the RFE subset. The RFE subset is not constant and induce variability in the performances. To smooth the variability, we applied the RFE algorithm 100 times and incremented the selected features, resulting in a global feature ranking. We also show the best classifier reached on these 100 trainings and its feature subset. 3) Results: The best classifier reached 86.5% accuracy, with a mean accuracy on 100 trainings of 78.6%. The rankings shows that anatomical and perfusion sequences are the most relevant for glioma grading, especially T1 post-gadolinium, cerebral blood volume and flow. Intensity and texture features are frequently selected, while anisotropic diffusion coefficient, time to peak and mean time transit mappings seem irrelevant. 4) Conclusion: Multimodal radiomics improve the classification and are consistent with the radiological analysis.
Effect of Emotional Regulation on Impulsivity and Anxiety Through the Mediating Role of Mindfulness
Authors: Panwar Neeraj , Agarwal Nupur , Tanwar Shivani
Published: June 2023

Background: Adolescence is a phase blended with various challenges and changes. How someone takes these challenges and accepts the changes (physically, emotionally, or psychologically) are the major concerns of social scientists. Objective: Keeping that objective in mind, current research has been done to assess if emotional regulation leads to impulsivity and anxiety through the moderating effect of mindfulness. Method: For the purpose, correlational research design has been followed and randomly 150 young adolescent females were selected from various public as well as private schools following similar kinds of academic board (CBSE). Standardized tools pertaining to emotion regulation, impulsivity, anxiety, and mindfulness were administered. To accomplish the objectives of the study, apart from descriptive statistics correlation of coefficients was run followed by structural equation modeling (SEM) to highlight the mediating role of mindfulness between emotion regulation, impulsivity, and anxiety. Conclusion: Major findings of the study revealed the direct effect of emotional suppression on anxiety and impulsivity through the moderating role of mindfulness whereas no such results were obtained for cognitive reappraisal. Hence, the proposed model has been partially found to be significant with the goodness of fitness index value of 0.935.
Patient Compliance: A Key Element in the Success or Failure of Treatment
Authors: Solomon Arieh
Published: June 2023

The success of a physician-prescribed medication treatment depends largely on patient compliance. Indeed, patient compliance with a medication regime is particularly crucial for chronic disease treatment. The failure of a personal medication protocol often results not from physician misdiagnosis or mistreatment, but from errors and omissions in patient application. This review article discusses patient compliance as a key determinant of treatment success in a broad array of chronic diseases in ranging medical domains: internal diseases, dermatology, orthopedics, endocrinology, dentistry, ophthalmology and others. The review takes a holistic approach in an attempt to reveal the psychological elements that influence patient non-compliance overall in medicine and not specifically in any given domain. Understanding the role of patient compliance in treatment success is crucial, as such compliance is a key parameter in the ability of medication to cure.
A Review of the Use of Decellularized, Porcine, Small-Intestinal, Submucosal, Extracellular-Matrix Patch Material in Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Sood Vikram , Ohye Richard G.
Published: June 2023

Patch material is frequently used by pediatric cardiac surgeons during repair of congenital heart disease. The ideal patch material would be pliable, durable, promote native tissue ingrowth, and allow for somatic growth. Intraoperatively, other desirable characteristics would include the material be hemostatic (i.e. lack of bleeding at needle holes) and isotropic (i.e. stretching in all directions, allowing for complex 3-dimensional patches). Decellularized, porcine, small-intestinal, submucosal, extracellular matrix material has shown promise as a potentially ideal patch material. Proxicor (4-ply) and Tyke (2-ply) (Aziyo Biologics, Silver Spring, MD) are commercially available, extracellular matrix material products that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in pediatric cardiac surgery. While initial studies were encouraging regarding the extracellular matrix material potential for native tissue ingrowth, subsequent studies have not reproduced the early findings. In most histological analyses, explanted extracellular matrix material has demonstrated chronic inflammatory cell migration and scarring. Despite the lack of transformation, extracellular matrix material does have the advantages of remaining pliable and resisting calcification, which are desirable in the reconstruction of congenital heart defects.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Uptake of Routine Childhood Immunization: How a Behavioral Science Led Analysis Can Strengthen Vaccination Policy
Authors: Ashok Anushka , Moyo Sangiwe , Sharma Saransh , Myers Laura
Published: June 2023

In addition to the direct health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, routine immunization of children for vaccine-preventable diseases has also suffered. Quantitative studies have shown evidence of backsliding in routine immunization, i.e., children failing to receive their vaccinations on schedule. Pandemic restrictions were the cause for some of this behavior, and there are signs that subsequent campaigns and supply-side initiatives have influenced trends toward routine immunization catch-up. However, limited qualitative research indicates that the pandemic may have disrupted parents/caregivers’ decision-making processes around routine immunization, and their attitudes toward vaccination, in ways that could have long-term effects on rates of immunization. Further behavioral research can help elucidate this and provide guidance to policymakers to boost immunization uptake. This policy article explores the decision dynamics leading to missed routine immunization doses during the pandemic, through an analysis of secondary literature, a summary of primary-research studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy conducted during the pandemic across Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Kenya and Pakistan, and a summary of a study on the impact of COVID-19 on routine immunization uptake in South Africa. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted prior patterns of engagement with the health system, turning routine immunization from a default decision for parents/caregivers into an “active decision-making” moment. Restrictions on movement, limited routine immunization supplies and other practical impediments combined with fear of contracting COVID-19 at health facilities, misinformation, and fear of vaccine side-effects, creating an emergent behavior of missed immunization doses during the pandemic period. We also found that hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccines may be transferred onto previously accepted vaccines, impacting routine immunization. We identified three decision-making pathways for routine immunization uptake among South African parents/caregivers once the lockdowns were lifted: the “path of procrastination,” the “path of doubt,” and the “path of persistence.” We highlight the policy implications of these, and suggest potential interventions to increase routine immunization uptake for parents/caregivers on each path, as well as for general communications, service delivery, and pandemic readiness.
A Case Report of Danish Students’ Wellbeing and Stress in a Time of Crisis and Recoveries
Authors: Qvortrup A. , Lykkegaard E.
Published: June 2023

This article examines Danish students’ wellbeing, distinguishing between emotional, social, and academic wellbeing and between different types of stressors, understood as factors that can respectively induce and mitigate the risk of stress. An exploratory factor analyses on data from Danish students in December 2022 empirically confirm the three dimensions of wellbeing and identify two stressor factors (anxiety and security). The article illustrates how the wellbeing and stressor factors can be used in a cluster analysis to identify and clarify students at risk. In a cross-sectional perspective focusing on December 2022, the article identifies six clusters of Danish students with different levels of wellbeing and stressors. The students in the different clusters have varying characteristics with regard to the five factors (three wellbeing and two stressors) and thus also to what degree they each suffer. By applying The Stress Framework, we characterize the different clusters as a cluster with no stress (20% of the students), a cluster with positive-to-tolerable stress (20% of the students), a cluster with tolerable stress (23% of the students), a cluster with tolerable-to-toxic stress (16% of the students), and two clusters with toxic stress (9% and 12% of the students respectively). Finally, we discuss which of the clusters of students that are in risk of negative long-term educational consequences, and we suggest that it is important to implement mitigating initiatives aimed at students with characteristics as those in the identified clusters with tolerable-to-toxic and toxic stress.