bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of low environmental load type antibacterial agent and disinfectant using carp blood-derived glycoprotein
Authors: Aoki Takahiko
Published: May 2020

Infectious diseases need preventatives and treatments. Today, the main way to deal with bacterial infections is through the application of antimicrobials. During the mid-20th century this was successful. However, with increased use, there has been a huge increase in the resistance to
the most common antimicrobials. At the same time, there has been a decrease in the number of novel antimicrobials that have been discovered or developed. In recent years, studies have looked to innovative ways to deal with the growing challenges of resistance to antimicrobials. One method
has been to look closely at other organisms from across the tree of life to uncover different devices that nature has deployed to tackle disease. This approach is often useful as it can also isolate very specific, narrow-spectrum antimicrobials. Whilst these can only target few species, or
sometimes only one, they have a reduced impact on the environment downstream. Researchers at the Faculty of Bioresources at Mie University Graduate School, Japan, are scouring one of Japan's most famous products for novel antimicrobials, being fish. Led by Professor Takahiko Aoki, the group
has been investigating the blood of carp for sources of a new compounds that could tackle diseases in humans.
Identification of a substrate of the methyltransferase Ich1 involved in cap differentiation in Coprinopsis cinerea
Authors: Muraguchi Hajime
Published: May 2020

The ichijiku1 (ich1) gene is an essential controller of the formation of the 'cap', or pileus in the fruiting of Coprinopsis cinerea, an edible mushroom more commonly known as grey shag. The ich1 gene encodes for the Ich1 protein, a methyltransferase enzyme with a winged helix-like
DNA-binding domain as well as an o-methyltransferase domain. These structural features contribute towards its rather unique molecular mechanisms. Formation of the pileus represents a crucial part of the reproductive process of C. cinerea. Thus, mutations or environmental conditions that affect
pileus formation are likely to have a dramatic impact on the survival of such strains of the fungus. Dr Hajime Muraguchi, from Akita Prefectural University is leading a team that is seeking to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the ich1 gene.
Viewing Trends and Users’ Perceptions of the Effect of Sleep-Aiding Music on YouTube: Quantification and Thematic Content Analysis
Authors: Eke Ransome , Li Tong , Bond Kiersten , Ho Arlene , Graves Lisa
Published: May 2020

Background

Sleep plays an essential role in the psychological and physiological functioning of humans. A report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that sleep duration was significantly reduced among US adults in 2012 compared to 1985. Studies have described a significant association between listening to soothing music and an improvement in sleep quality and sleep duration. YouTube is a platform where users can access sleep-aiding music videos. No literature exists pertaining to the use of sleep-aiding music on YouTube.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the patterns of viewing sleep-aiding music videos on YouTube. We also performed a content analysis of the comments left on sleep-aiding music video posts, to describe the perception of users regarding the effects of these music videos on their sleep quality.

Methods

We searched for sleep-aiding music videos published on YouTube between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017. We sorted videos by view number (highest to lowest) and used a targeted sampling approach to select eligible videos for qualitative content analysis. To perform the content analysis, we imported comments into a mixed-method analytical software. We summarized variables including total views, likes, dislikes, play duration, and age of published music videos. All descriptive statistics were completed with SAS statistical software.

Results

We found a total of 238 sleep-aiding music videos on YouTube that met the inclusion criteria. The total view count was 1,467,747,018 and the total playtime was 84,252 minutes. The median play length was 186 minutes (IQR 122 to 480 minutes) and the like to dislike ratio was approximately 9 to 1. In total, 135 (56.7%) videos had over 1 million views, and 124 (52.1%) of the published sleep-aiding music videos had stayed active for 1 to 2 years. Overall, 4023 comments were extracted from 20 selected sleep-aiding music videos. Five overarching themes emerged in the reviewed comments, including viewers experiencing a sleep problem, perspective on the positive impact of the sleep-aiding music videos, no effect of the sleep-aiding music videos, time to initiation of sleep or sleep duration, and location of viewers. The overall κ statistic for the codes was 0.87 (range 0.85-0.96).

Conclusions

This is the first study to examine the patterns of viewing sleep-aiding music videos on YouTube. We observed a substantial increase in the number of people using sleep-aiding music videos, with a wide variation in viewer location. This study supports the hypothesis that listening to soothing music has a positive impact on sleep habits.
Patients’ and Health Care Professionals’ Perceptions of the Potential of Using the Digital Diabetes Questionnaire to Prepare for Diabetes Care Meetings: Qualitative Focus Group Interview Study
Authors: Eeg-Olofsson Katarina , Johansson Unn-Britt , Linder Ebba , Leksell Janeth
Published: May 2020

Background

In effective diabetes management, it is important that providers and health care systems prioritize the delivery of patient-centered care and that they are respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences and barriers.

Objective

The objective of the study was to conduct focus group interviews to capture patients’ and health care professionals’ perceptions and attitudes regarding digital technology and to explore how the digital Diabetes Questionnaire can be used to support patient participation in diabetes care, as a basis for an implementation study.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted with six focus group discussions with diabetes specialist nurses and medical doctors (n=29) and four focus group discussions with individuals with diabetes (n=23). A semistructured focus group interview guide was developed, including probing questions. The data were transcribed verbatim, and qualitative content analysis was performed using an inductive approach.

Results

Two main categories were revealed by the qualitative analysis: perceptions of digital technology and the digital questionnaire in diabetes management and care and perceptions of participation in diabetes care. An overarching theme that emerged from the focus group interviews was patients’ and professionals’ involvement in diabetes care using digital tools.

Conclusions

The analysis identified important factors to consider when introducing the digital Diabetes Questionnaire in clinical use. Both professionals and patients need support and training in the practical implementation of the digital questionnaire, as well as the opportunity to provide feedback on the questionnaire answers.
Evaluation of Volume of News Reporting and Opioid-Related Deaths in the United States: Comparative Analysis Study of Geographic and Socioeconomic Differences
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Zhang Amanda , Freifeld Clark , Brownstein John S
Published: May 2020

Background

News media coverage is a powerful influence on public attitude and government action. The digitization of news media covering the current opioid epidemic has changed the landscape of coverage and may have implications for how to effectively respond to the opioid crisis.

Objective

This study aims to characterize the relationship between volume of online opioid news reporting and opioid-related deaths in the United States and how these measures differ across geographic and socioeconomic county-level factors.

Methods

Online news reports from February 2018 to April 2019 on opioid-related events in the United States were extracted from Google News. News data were aggregated at the county level and compared against opioid-related death counts. Ordinary least squares regression was used to model opioid-related death rate and opioid news coverage with the inclusion of socioeconomic and geographic explanatory variables.

Results

A total of 35,758 relevant news reports were collected representing 1789 counties. Regression analysis revealed that opioid-related death rate was positively associated with news reporting. However, opioid-related death rate and news reporting volume showed opposite correlations with educational attainment and rurality. When controlling for variation in death rate, counties in the Northeast were overrepresented by news coverage.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that regional variation in the volume of opioid-related news reporting does not reflect regional variation in opioid-related death rate. Differences in the amount of media attention may influence perceptions of the severity of opioid epidemic. Future studies should investigate the influence of media reporting on public support and action on opioid issues.
Effects of Incentives on Adherence to a Web-Based Intervention Promoting Physical Activity: Naturalistic Study
Authors: Wurst Ramona , Maliezefski Anja , Ramsenthaler Christina , Brame Judith , Fuchs Reinhard
Published: May 2020

Background

Despite many advantages of web-based health behavior interventions such as wide accessibility or low costs, these interventions are often accompanied by high attrition rates, particularly in usage under real-life conditions. It would therefore be helpful to implement strategies such as the use of financial incentives to motivate program participation and increase adherence.

Objective

This naturalistic study examined real-life usage data of a 12-week web-based physical activity (PA) intervention (Fitness Coach) among insurants who participated in an additional incentive program (incentive group) and those who did not (nonincentive group). Users in the incentive group had the perspective of receiving €30 (about US $33) cash back at the end of the intervention.

Methods

Registration and real-life usage data as part of routine data management and evaluation of the Fitness Coach were analyzed between September 2016 and June 2018. Depending on the duration of use and the weekly recording of tasks, 4 adherence groups (low, occasional, strong, and complete adherence) were defined. Demographic characteristics were collected by a self-reported questionnaire at registration. We analyzed baseline predictors and moderators of complete adherence such as participation in the program, age, gender, and BMI using binary logistic regressions.

Results

A total of 18,613 eligible persons registered for the intervention. Of these, 15,482 users chose to participate in the incentive program (incentive group): mean age 42.4 (SD 14.4) years, mean BMI 24.5 (SD 4.0) kg/m2, median (IQR) BMI 23.8 (21.7-26.4) kg/m2; 65.12% (10,082/15,482) female; and 3131 users decided not to use the incentive program (nonincentive group): mean age 40.7 (SD 13.4) years, mean BMI 26.2 (SD 5.0) kg/m2, median BMI 25.3 (IQR 22.6-28.7) kg/m2; 72.18% (2260/3131) female. At the end of the intervention, participants in the incentive program group showed 4.8 times higher complete adherence rates than those in the nonincentive program group (39.2% vs 8.1%), also yielding significantly higher odds to complete the intervention (odds ratio [OR] 12.638) for the incentive program group. Gender significantly moderated the effect with men in the incentive group showing higher odds to be completely adherent than women overall and men in the nonincentive group (OR 1.761). Furthermore, older age and male gender were significant predictors of complete adherence for all participants, whereas BMI did not predict intervention completion.

Conclusions

This is the first naturalistic study in the field of web-based PA interventions that shows the potential of even small financial incentives to increase program adherence. Male users, in particular, seem to be strongly motivated by incentives to complete the intervention. Based on these findings, health care providers can use differentiated incentive systems to increase regular participation in web-based PA interventions.
Reinforcement Learning for Clinical Decision Support in Critical Care: Comprehensive Review
Authors: Liu Siqi , See Kay Choong , Ngiam Kee Yuan , Celi Leo Anthony , Sun Xingzhi , Feng Mengling
Published: May 2020

Background

Decision support systems based on reinforcement learning (RL) have been implemented to facilitate the delivery of personalized care. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive review of RL applications in the critical care setting.

Objective

This review aimed to survey the literature on RL applications for clinical decision support in critical care and to provide insight into the challenges of applying various RL models.

Methods

We performed an extensive search of the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). Studies published over the past 10 years (2010-2019) that have applied RL for critical care were included.

Results

We included 21 papers and found that RL has been used to optimize the choice of medications, drug dosing, and timing of interventions and to target personalized laboratory values. We further compared and contrasted the design of the RL models and the evaluation metrics for each application.

Conclusions

RL has great potential for enhancing decision making in critical care. Challenges regarding RL system design, evaluation metrics, and model choice exist. More importantly, further work is required to validate RL in authentic clinical environments.
SHELF-LIFE ASSESSMENT OF DANTASHODHANA PASTE (A POLYHERBAL TOOTHPASTE): A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: MAKWANA DHARA , R GALIB , DAVE PARTH PRAKASHBHAI , RAJAGOPALA MANJUSHA , PRAJAPATI PRADEEP KUMAR
Published: May 2020

Objective: Shelf life is the period during which the potency (Virya) of a drug remains unaffected due to environmental factors or from microbial contamination. Considering the growing popularity of Ayurveda products, it becomes important to maintain the quality of all such products. Shelf life is one of the essential components under quality and needs to be evaluated for all products. Dantashodhana paste (DP) is a polyherbal toothpaste containing Vyosha (Zingiber officinale Roxb., Piper nigrum Linn., and Piper longum Linn.), Trijata (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume., Elettaria cardamomum Maton., Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees and Eberm.), Tejovati (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.), Saindhava (rock salt), and other excipients.

Methods: DP was prepared with the following standard guidelines. The samples were subjected to accelerated stability study by maintaining temperature and humidity 40±2°C and 75±5%, respectively. Relevant analytical parameters were analyzed at an interval of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the degradation levels in the formulation.

Results: DP was found to be free from microbial contamination. Heavy metals were within the prescribed limits for toothpaste complying the official standards. There were insignificant changes in physicochemical profiles at different intervals. On extrapolation of the observations, the shelf life of DP was found to be 12.16 years.

Conclusion: Shelf life of DP is found to be much longer than the standards specified in the D and C act. This prolonged shelf life may be contributed to care taken during drug preparation, storage, and properties of herbal drugs used in the formulation.
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PATTERNS AND DETECTION OF PstS GENE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM NSUKKA, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
Authors: C AGBO MARTINA , M EZEONU IFEOMA , C IKE ANTHONY , C UGWU CELESTINA
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and to detect the presence of PstS gene.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected antibiotics against resistant isolates were determined by macro broth dilution and E-test strip methods. The resistant isolates were screened for the presence of PstS gene using PCR.

Results: Of 192 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, 136 (70.83%) were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Of these, 135 (99%) could be classified as multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA), 63 (46%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR-PA), while 38 (28%) were pandrug-resistant (PDR-PA). The isolates exhibited high level of resistance to cefotaxime and ticarcillin, and low levels of resistance to meropenem and imipenem. The MIC values for meropenem against the resistant isolates were generally <32 mg/L, while the values for other antibiotics ranged from 32 to >128 mg/L. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of the MDR-PA ranged from 0.27 to 0.91 and the most prevalent pattern of resistance was PiperacillinR – TicarcillinR – Piperacillin/TazobactamR – CefotaximeR – CeftazidimeR – GentamicnR – TobramycinR– CiprofloxacinR. About 50% of the resistant isolates possessed the PstS gene.

Conclusions: The results confirmed the presence of XDR, PDRPA, and PstS gene in P. aeruginosa strains. There is an urgent need for healthcare practitioners to address the problem of multidrug resistance, by implementing a more rational and appropriate use of antibiotics.
A CASE STUDY ON CLINICAL PHARMACIST INTERVENTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES COMPLICATED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN HEALTH-CARE PRACTICE
Authors: KUMAR A BHARATH , MS UMASHANKAR
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the clinical pharmacist interventions in the management of diabetes complicated coronary artery disease.

Methods: In the present study, a case history of a 55-year-old female was suffering from diabetes with coronary artery disease was taken. The case was collected from the cardiology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital. The case was analyzed from 1 to 3 months. The initial visit to the end of final visit her laboratory parameters was examined at the laboratory.

Results: The test report of electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm. The patient was advised for an echocardiogram which confirmed coronary artery disease. The patient was subjected to a coronary angiogram, which revealed the presence of double-vessel disease. Her ankle-brachial index study test revealed peripheral artery disease. The patient was diagnosed with coronary artery disease, and she was prescribed with regular medications. The patient was monitored for 1-week duration and prescribed with coronary artery disease medications to normalize the condition. The patient was improved with the treatment and advised for regular follow-ups.

Conclusion: The study concludes that there was an imperative need for regular health screening by the physician associated clinical pharmacist care services with an effective treatment modality that can reduce the coronary artery disease incidences in this patient.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ENZYMIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY IN THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CRESCENTIA CUJETE LEAVES
Authors: P ANITHA , TH NAZEEMA
Published: May 2020

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the enzymic antioxidants and free radical scavenging present in the ethanolic leaf extracts of Crescentia cujete.

Methods: Enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were estimated by standard methods. Free radical scavenging potential was evaluated by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical methods using an ethanolic extract of C. cujete leaf.

Results: The leaf extract of C. cujete showed the maximum activity of CAT, SOD, GST, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase activity. CAT activity was formed to be highest in the ethanolic extract of C. cujete leaf. DPPH radical scavenging activity was reported as 38.5 μg/ml, nitric oxide was found to be 200.77 μg/ml, and hydroxyl radical scavenging exhibited 108.42 μg/ml normalized with ascorbic acid.

Conclusion: From the results, it has concluded that the ethanol extract of the C. cujete leaf has a prospective source of natural antioxidant that would be a great significance as therapeutic agents in preventing or slowing the progress of reactive oxygen species and related oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases.
PRESCRIBING PATTERN AND APPROPRIATENESS OF PRESCRIPTION AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF WESTERN NEPAL – A PROSPECTIVE CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: GIRI SAGARANANDA , MUHAMMAD KHAN GULAM
Published: May 2020

Objective: The current study aims to evaluate prescribing pattern and potentially inappropriate medicine (PIM) among elderly patients in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Manipal Teaching Hospital of Western Nepal. The World Health Organization prescribing indicators and Beers’ 2015 updated criteria were assessed to analyze the result.

Results: The mean±standard deviation of the age was 73.47±6.42 years and the majority of patients were in the age group 65–74 (58.81%). Male preponderance (male: female=1.20:1) was found. The value of prescribing indicator includes the average number of drug per prescription (4.91), percentage of generic name prescription (3.40%), percentage of antimicrobials prescribed (19.40%), percentage of injections prescribed (2.70%), and percentage of the drug from essential drug list of Nepal (42.22%). At least one PIM was prescribed to 87 (21.6%) patients. Non-cyclooxygenase-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (44%) and anticholinergics (18%) were the most frequently prescribed PIMs.

Conclusions: Polypharmacy, PIMs, and potential drug-drug interaction were prevalent in this study. It is recommended that all the doctors, pharmacists, other concerned health-care professionals, patients, policymakers, and all other stakeholders must be aware of these situations and a multidisciplinary approach must be developed for the promotion of rational use of drugs.
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE PREVENTIVE THERAPY REDUCES ACTIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS RISK IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL AT WANGAYA HOSPITAL IN DENPASAR, BALI, INDONESIA: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Suryana Ketut , Suharsono Hamong , Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha
Published: May 2020

Objective: To evaluate whether co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) and other contributing factors, among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral (ARV) are effective to reduce active pulmonary tuberculosis (APT) at Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.

Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the use of CPT in reducing APT. In this study, 403 PLWHA on ARV 151 participants accepted CPT as the first group and 252 PLWHA refused CPT as the second group. Eight participants among the first group and 48 participants among the second group were confirmed APT. Revisits were scheduled every a month to replenish pills and to confirm APT. The CPT effectiveness, sociodemography and laboratory, and reducing APT risk after prospective cohort entry were analyzed using Chi-square with significant p<0.05. Statistical software package SPSS 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Two hundred fifty-one (62.2%) of the participants were males and 152 (37.8%) females. Eight (2.0%) of the first group were confirmed APT and 48 (12.0%) of the second group were confirmed APT (p=0.004). In bivariate analysis (Chi-square), we found that sex (p=0.019), smoking (p=0.000), alcohol consumption (p=0.000), previous history of tuberculosis (TB) (p=0.000), and CD4 cell counts (<69 cell/μL) (p=0.002) were significant APT risk factors. There was significantly less APT risk among the participants who accepted CPT compared with participants refused CPT (p=0.002).

Conclusions: This study found that CPT was significantly associated with reduce of APT risk in PLWHA. Furthermore, there were significantly added the preventive effect of CPT; sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, previous history of TB, and CD4 cell counts.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF TEA LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: JAMIR TEMSURENLA , T AJUNGLA
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study was to estimate the seasonal variations in the antioxidant capacities, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and tannin content (TC) of tea leaf extracts from two different plantation sites.

Methods: Samples were collected from two tea gardens in Tuli and Ungma situated at N 26°39’19.3 E 094°39’22.7 and N 26°17’30.6 E 094°28’29.2, respectively, under the Mokokchung district of Nagaland, India. TPC, TFC, and TC from sample extracts were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Apart from these, antioxidant capacities were analyzed using ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.

Results: The concentrations of total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin varied from 552.029±8.079 to 305.647±1.744 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 238.770±0.508–148.457±1.653 mg catechin equivalent/g, and 26.453±0.485–20.173±0.173 mg tannic acid equivalent/g, respectively. FRAP and DPPH assay displayed value ranging from 2.564±0.023 to 1.074±0.023 mmol Fe(II) equivalent/g and 3.612±0.053–2.076±0.028 mmol Trolox equivalent/g. Significant seasonal variations in concentrations of these compounds were observed and a positive correlation between antioxidant capacities and phenolics of tea leaf extracts was established.

Conclusion: Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) has been regarded as a plant of immense medicinal and therapeutic value since time immemorial. The tea leaf extracts analyzed in this study gave high TPC, TFC, and TC, as well as high antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH and FRAP value. Studying such properties in tea leaves contributes more to our understandings of health benefit potentials in tea leaves and the quality of tea leaves on the basis of seasons and sites where they are planted.
INFLUENCE OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY MARINE FUNGI
Authors: G. Anuhya , V. Jyostna , Yvv Aswani Kumar , B. Bodaiah , P. Sudhakar
Published: May 2020

Objective: Our study aimed to characterize and optimize the physico-chemical properties which render the high yield of bioactive secondary metabolites from marine fungi and its antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens.Methods: Bioactive secondary metabolites extracted from marine fungi of Nijampatnam mangroves, Guntur district Andhra Pradesh, India. By using different solvent systems, secondary metabolite was screened for antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogen, Optimization of cultural conditions for maximizing the yield of biomass and compared the yield in different broth media and minimum inhibitory concentration of the optimised compound done for both compounds.Results: fungal extracts GAPS-1 and GAPS-2 was affectively extracted in ethyl acetate. Isolated compound showed antibacterial activity highest zone of inhibition against E. coli and least to Pseudomonas. Maximum yield of the compound was achieved in modified potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium containing 20% w/v Potato 2% w/v Dextrose broth containing1% w/v glucose and sucrose,1% w/v beef extract and ammonium chloride and 0.01 % mineral salts(MGSO4 and MNSO4) at 25 Â°C and 30 Â°C and pH 7.0 and 8.0 with 144 h of incubation period. The yield was observed maximum in potato dextrose broth compared to czapek dox broth, sabaraudâ€™s broth and nutrient broth and minimum inhibitory concentration of the optimized compound ranges from 250 Î¼g for gaps-1 and 300 Î¼g for gaps-2.Conclusion: Secondary metabolite yield maximum in potato dextrose broth and its potential anti-bacterial activity needs further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.
PROTEIN BINDING STUDY OF FELODIPINE USING VALIDATED LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD
Authors: Vijitha Swarna , Rajavel P. , Udayasree K.
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of present study was to develop and validate a new simple, easy, selective, precise, accurate reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the estimation of felodipine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: The separation was carried on HPLC system consisting C18 column (150 mm Ã—4.6 nm, 5 Âµm) at room temperature coupled with a phenomenixcolumn silica with flow rate 1 ml/min. The mobile phase used was methanol: acetonitrile in the ratio of 50: 50. The drug was detected using UV-visible detector at the wavelength of 230 nm and run time was 10 min.Results: The retention time was 3.138 min. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5-25Î¼g/ml. The accuracy of the method was assessed by percentage recovery studies at three different levels at 80%, 100% and 120% of its working concentration. The percentage recovery of felodipine in the developed method was found to be in the ranges of from 99.81-100.00% that indicates the good accuracy of the method. The percentage % RSD of precision was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The developed method was employed in in vitro protein binding studies using semi permeable membrane and performed by plotting calibration curve (peak area vs concentration) the % drug release of felodipine was calculated.Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate and consistent. The validated parameters are statistically validated for linearity, precision and limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness, ruggedness were concluded.Â
Inseguridad agraria, identidades y conflictos en un territorio campesino enclavado en un área natural protegida: el caso de Los Laureles, Chiapas
Authors: Cruz-Morales Juana , Trujillo-Díaz Ana Gabriela , García-Barrios Luis E.
Published: May 2020

Los pobladores que viven sin reconocimiento agrario en las reservas de la biosfera construyen identidades, enfrentan conflictos, desafíos internos y externos para construir su territorio, los cuales dificultan la regularización agraria. Los campesinos de Los Laureles buscan asegurar su permanencia en el territorio refuncionalizando de manera continua su identidad frente a otros actores. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y analizar dichas identidades mediante el recorrido diacrónico y las entrevistas e historias de vida en profundidad. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los entrevistados han forjado identidades multidimensionales para enfrentar su inseguridad cotidiana (por ejemplo, son a la vez huérfanos, peones, agricultores, pobres y custodios de la naturaleza). Aunque limitado a un poblado, el estudio explora una condición común en otras reservas. Su originalidad radica en visibilizar las historias de vida e identidades que refuerzan la irregularidad agraria. Se concluye que la autopercepción como pobres marginados reduce su capacidad de agencia y sus esfuerzos para superar esta irregularidad y sus consecuencias.
Akibat Hukum Kelalaian Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (Ppat) Yang Tidak Melaporkan Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah Dan Bangunan (Bphtb) Dalamperalihan Hak Atas Tanah
Authors: Dinata I Nyoman Agung Mas , Seputra I Putu Gede , Suryani Luh Putu
Published: May 2020

Development is essentially a process of continuous change in order to improve and progress toward the goals to be achieved. Fees for the acquisition of land and building rights, namely a tax on land / building rights, which in this case is referred to as a tax. In doing so, the PPAT can neglect by not reporting BPHTB in a transfer of land rights. Based on this, the title was raised. Then the problems arising from this study are: 1. How is the reporting arrangement for the acquisition of rights to land and buildings by the official land deed maker in the transfer of land rights? 2. What are the legal consequences for officials who make land certificates that do not submit reports on the acquisition of land and building rights? The method in this paper is a normative legal method, with literature study sourced from legal and secondary legal materials. The results obtained are the result of not carrying out an obligation in reporting taxes on land and building rights is the imposition of sanctions in the form of tax penalties and administrative sanctions in the form of fines.

Pembangunaan pada hakekatnya merupakan proses perubahan terus menerus guna menuju perbaikan dan kemajuan ke arah tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan yakni suatu pajak terhadap hak atas tanah/bangunan dimana dalam hal ini disebut sebagai pajak. Dalam pelaksanaanya, PPAT dapat melakukan kelalaian dengan tidak melaporkan BPHTB dalam suatu peralihan hak atas tanah. Berdasarkan atas hal tersebut maka diangkat judul. Maka timbul persoalan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1. Bagaimanakah pengaturan pelaporan bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan oleh pejabat pembuat akta tanah dalam peralihan hak atas tanah? 2. Bagaimanakah akibat hukum bagi pejabat pembuat akta tanah yang tidak menyampaikan laporan bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan? Metode dalam penulisan ini adalah metode hukum normatif, dengan studi kepustakaan yang bersumber dari bahan hukumprimer serta bahan hukum sekunder. Adapun hasil yang didapat adalah akibat dari tidak dilaksanakannya suatu kewajiban dalam melaporkan pajak dari hak atas tanah dan bangunan adalah dikenakannya sanksi berupa sanksi perpajakan serta sanksi administrasi yang berupa denda.Dimana kedepannya diharapkan agar PPAT rutin melaksanakan kewibannya dalam hal melaporkan wajib pajaknya.
Hak Memelihara Anak setelah Putusnya Perkawinan karena Perceraian Menurut Hukum Adat Bali
Authors: Murtiawan I Wayan Ery Prayana , Putu Budiartha I Nyoman , Sudibya Diah Gayatri
Published: May 2020

Behind the events of marriage and divorce, the existence of children is very important in the life of the Balinese people. Even many married couples are willing to divorce because it does not produce offspring or children in their marriages. The formulation of the problem in this study is: how is the right to care for children after the breakup of marriage due to divorce and how the position of the child according to Balinese customary law is after the termination of marriage due to divorce. The type of research used in the preparation of this proposal is normative legal research. The results of the discussion in this study are those who are obliged to care for children in divorce cases are the father of the child, because marriage according to Hindu law in Bali adheres to the Fatherhood system (Vederrechtelijk), so that the more privileged are purusa or male parties. About custody of children who are underage and breastfeeding usually the court gives custody of the child to the mother, this is due to humanitarian factors for the growth and development of the child. The position of the child after the breakup of marriage is that the child as heir and successor descendant is referred to as the term sentana the importance of the value of the child in accordance with the teachings of Hinduism that animates the lives of Balinese people.

Dibalik kejadian perkawinan dan perceraian, keberadaan anak sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bali. Bahkan banyak pasangan suami istri rela cerai karena tidak membuahkan keturunan atau anak dalam perkawinannya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu: bagaimanakah hak memelihara anak setelah putusnya perkawinan karena perceraian dan bagaimanakah kedudukan anak menurut hukum adat Bali setelah putusnya perkawinan karena perceraian. Tipe penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penyusunan proposal ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah yang berkewajiban memelihara anak dalam kasus perceraian adalah ayah dari anak tersebut, karena perkawinan menurut hukum Hindu di Bali menganut sistem Kebapaan (Vederrechtelijk), sehingga yang lebih berhak adalah pihak purusa atau pihak laki-laki. Tentang hak asuh anak yang masih dibawah umur dan sedang menyusui biasanya pengadilan memberikan hak asuh anak tersebut berada pada ibunya, hal tersebut disebabkan karena faktor kemanusiaan demi tumbuh kembang anak. Kedudukan anak setelah putusnya perkawinan adalah anak sebagai ahli waris dan penerus keturunan yang disebut sebagai istilah sentana pentingnya nilai anak tersebut sesuai dengan ajaran Agama Hindu yang menjiwai kehidupan masyarakat Bali.
ECOTOURISM-BASED SETTLEMENT PLANNING IN KARANGDALEM I SETTLEMENT, BONGKASA PERTIWI -BALI
Authors: Gunawarman Raka , Ningsih Ni Luh Anik Puspa , Prabawa Made Suryanatha
Published: May 2020

The group of Silver Craftsman Cipta Karya Pertiwi Br. Karang Dalem I of the Bongkasa Pertiwi Village, Abiansemal-Badung has the potential to be developed as a tourist destination. This potential is still not able to be processed properly considering the declining silver crafters that do exist in Br. Karang Dalem I. A fundamental problem that needs special attention is that the traditional silver crafters will not become extinct because they are defeated by silver artisans with machines in other areas. The residential environment owned by Br. Karang Dalem I has also become an asset that has a high sale value with a unique atmosphere of a traditional Balinese residential environment. It just needs a little touch so that the face of this region is increasingly supportive as a tourist destination with productive economic products. Lack of understanding and awareness of partner groups about products, management, and the environment are fundamental issues raised in this PKM. The solutions offered are divided into 3 parts: solutions for products, management and environmental management. The output of the solution in the aspect of product production is a change in the mechanism of the production process without reducing production details and traditions. The output of management solutions is improving business performance and community welfare. The output of settlement settlement structuring solutions is the changing face of a stronger environment into a tourism-worthy environment with architectural and landscape elements.
KONSEP "WATER PALACE" DI INTERCONTINENTAL BALI RESORT
Authors: Arimbawa Kadek
Published: May 2020

The popularity of tourism in Bali has attracted tourists from all over the world to come to this a thousand temples island. There is an increase of number of tourist by 2,02 percent compare to the July’s note in 2018 (Bali Central Bureu Statistics). As seen from the data above, there are many hotels and resort in Bali that competes to give the experience possible to the guests, one of the way is by using the Balinese architecture heritage concept “Water Palace”. One of the resorts in Bali that has been using this kind of concept is Intercontinental Bali Resort. It is a very interesting concept using Balinese traditional architecture. The method that is used for this research is observation method on how this concept is able to attract guests to come and enjoy every corner of the resorts. The implementation of “Water Palace” concept is realized not only physically through the use of water element, Balinese statues, and carvings but also implemented through Hinduism philosophy in Bali.
Türk Boğazlar Sistemi’nde Mesozooplankton Biyokütlesinin İlkbahar ve Sonbahar Mevsimlerindeki Alansal ve Vertikal Dağılımı
Authors: Terbıyık Kurt Tuba , Polat Sevim , Uysal Zahit , Ak Örek Yeşim
Published: May 2020

Zooplanktonik
organizmalar pelajik besin ağının şekillenmesinde ve biyokimyasal döngülerin
gerçekleşmesinde anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Zooplankton biyokütlesi ve dağılımı
hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak, bu canlıların ekosistemdeki  organik madde ve enerji akışına katkılarını
tahmin etmek için önem arzetmektedir. Bu bağlamda, 2008 yılının Nisan ve Ekim
aylarında Türk Boğazlar Sistemi’nde tek hat boyunca belirlenen istasyonlardan WP-2
plankton kepçesi (ağ göz açıklığı 200µm) ile zooplankton örnekleri toplanmıştır.
Bu örneklerden ölçülen biyokütle değerlerinin epipelajik bölgedeki alansal ve
dikey dağılımı belirlenerek bölgedeki bu konuyla ilgili bilgi eksikliği
giderilmeye çalışılmıştır.

TBS’de ortalama
mesozooplankton mevcut stoğu alansal ve dikey olarak farklılık göstermiştir. Mesozooplankton
biyokütlesi genel itibariyle ilkbaharda yüzey karışım tabakasında yoğunlaşmış,
derinlik ile birlikte azalmıştır. Sonbahar periyodunda ise geçiş tabakası
ortalama mesozooplankton biyokütle değerleri bakımından daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
Genel olarak boğazlarda yüksek olan bu değerler, Marmara Denizi’nin iç
bölgelerinde özellikle kuzey batısında oldukça düşmüştür. Bölgedeki biyokütle
dağılımında istasyon derinliği, derinlik tabakaları ve oksijenin miktarı etkili
olmakla birlikte, örnekleme periyodu boyunca gerçekleştiği bildirilen musilaj
olayının sıcaklık ve tuzluluk gibi önemli parametrelerin etkisini büyük ölçüde
maskelediği düşünülmektedir.
Seasonal Distribution of Rotifera Compositions and Abundance in Kayalıköy Reservoir (Kırklareli/Turkey)
Authors: Güher Hüseyin , Öterler Burak
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out to determine the diversity, abundance seasonal distribution of Rotifera in Kayalıköy reservoir. Rotifera and water samples were collected monthly intervals from May 2018 to April 2019 in three different stations in the reservoir and some environmental parameters were also measured. A total of 40 species from Rotifera were determined in the reservoir. The quantitative evaluation of the Rotifera samples were found an average of 27938 ± 18992 ind/m3in the Kayalıköy reservoir. The maximum numbers of Rotifera in the reservoir were found in autumn (42966 ind/m3) and at 2nd station (33487 ind/m3), the minimum numbers were recorded in winter (1474 ind/m3) and at 1st stations (24850 ind/m3). The most common species in the reservoir were found Brachionus quadridentatus, Keratella cochlearis, K. quadrata, Synchaeta pectinata, Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra vulgaris and Filinia longiseta. According to the water quality standards of Turkey, the water quality of Kayalıköy reservoir was found Class I and A1. When we examined the species identified in the reservoir, the distribution of the individuals that make up the Rotifera fauna and physicochemical parameters as a whole, it has been concluded that Kayalıköy reservoir has water suitable for drinking, agricultural irrigation and aquaculture and it’s classified as oligomesotrophic character.
Marmara Denizi’nde Gümüş Balığı (Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758) Popülasyonunun Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Bostancı Derya , Çoşkun Tansu
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, Ocak-Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında Marmara Denizi Gemlik Körfezi’nden yakalanan 213 adet gümüş balığı (Atherina hepsetus L.) bireyinde morfometrik ilişkiler, sağ ve sol premaksil kemik özellikleri, boy ve ağırlık dağılımları, boy-ağırlık ilişkisi ve kondisyon faktörü belirlenmiştir. Yakalanan örneklerden 24 adet metrik ve meristik ölçüm elektronik kumpasla yapılmış aralarındaki ilişkiler hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen örneklerin total boy ve ağırlıkları sırasıyla 99-145 mm ve 6,4-18 g arasında dağılım göstermektedir. Tüm örnekler için boy-ağırlık ilişkisi W=0,012L2,74 ortalama kondisyon faktörü değeri ise 0,65 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Türün sistematiğinde kullanılan premaksil kemiklerinin sağ ve sol çiftlerinin biyometrik özellikleri farklı eksenler üzerinde belirlenmiştir.
Giresun İli Uzatma Ağı Balıkçılığının Sosyo-Demografik Yapısı ve Kalkan Balığı (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, 1758) Balıkçılığı Üzerine Bir Tespit
Authors: Demircan Aktar Aslıhan , Erdoğan Sağlam Naciye
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, Giresun İli sınırları içerisinde uzatma ağı kullanan balıkçıların sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik durumları ile kalkan balığı avcılığında kullanılan teknelerin ve ağların teknik özellikleri ile yakalanan kalkan balıklarının boy kompozisyonları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 53 adet balıkçı ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmış, kalkan avcılığı yapan balıkçıların teknelerinin ve ağlarının özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada balıkçıların %25 ile çoğunluğunun 40-49 yaş aralığında olduğu görülmektedir. Giresun ilindeki balıkçıların öğrenim durumlarına bakıldığında %57’sinin ilkokul, %13’ünün ortaokul, %24’ünün lise, %2’sinin meslek yüksekokulu ve %4’ünün fakülte mezunu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Balıkçıların %94’ünün kendisine veya ailesine ait teknesi olduğu belirlenmiştir. %21’inin eşlerinin çalıştığı, %79’unun çalışmadığı ve balıkçıların teknelerini bakıma aldıklarında eşlerinin ağ dokuma işlerinde kendilerine yardımcı olduğu belirtilmiştir. Çalışma süresince incelenen 203 adet kalkan balığının, minimum, maksimum ve ortalama boyları sırasıyla, 30,0 cm, 70,0 cm ve 47,7±7.01 cm olarak hesaplanmıştır. En fazla balığın bulunduğu boy sınıfı %32,02 ile 50-54 cm olarak belirlenmiştir. Karadeniz’de Kalkan balığı avcılığının her geçen yıl bir önceki yıla göre önemini daha da kaybetmekte olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Produção de biodiesel a partir da palma de óleo
Authors: Lopes Jerisnaldo Matos , Sampaio José Roberto Tavares
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma síntese sobre a cultura do dendê, abordando de forma sucinta a produção do óleo de palma, do qual deriva o biodiesel que substitui o petróleo, principalmente em países europeus. Verificamos que o uso indiscriminado do óleo de palma poderá provocar desequilíbrio na biodiversidade e na biosfera em geral. No âmbito do Brasil, destacamos a relevância do Programa Nacional de Óleo de Palma (PNOP), a sua forma de gestão em trissetores e as dificuldades encontradas nas relações sociais, condições econômicas e distribuições de papéis. Para compor este texto, apoiamo-nos em pesquisa bibliográfica e consulta de dados secundários sobre o assunto.
Terceirização no setor público: o caso da UESB
Authors: Silva Jean Da Silva e , Soares Marcos Antônio Tavares
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de identificar focos de precarização do trabalho terceirizado na UESB, por meio de uma análise comparativa entre os funcionários terceirizados e os servidores efetivos da referida Instituição. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa valeu-se de revisão de literatura para constituir o referencial teórico e de levantamento de dados secundários, obtidos por meio da PROAD/UESB e do SINDILIMP/BA. A investigação encontrou os seguintes resultados: 1) os trabalhadores terceirizados da UESB têm jornada de trabalho maior que os servidores efetivos. Enquanto a jornada de trabalho dos efetivos é de 30 ou 40 horas semanais, a dos terceirizados é de 44 horas semanais; 2) os trabalhadores terceirizados recebem menos que os servidores efetivos pelo desempenho de atividades semelhantes. No ano de 2014, os terceirizados ganhavam menos da metade dos efetivos, ou seja, a remuneração dos terceirizados era 50,3% menor que a dos efetivos. Em 2017 a diferença foi de menos 43,3%; 3) os trabalhadores terceirizados não possuem a estabilidade que é garantida aos servidores efetivos. Conclui-se, então, que a precarização das condições de trabalho é algo presente no ambiente de trabalho terceirizado da UESB.