bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vine Protection on Family Farms: Decision Making and Pesticide Use
Authors:   GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal, Neto Joana , Aguiar Ana A. ,   GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal, Parente Cristina ,   Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, Portugal, Costa Cristina Amaro da ,   CERNAS-IPV - Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal, Fonseca Susana ,   GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
Published: September 2023

Family farming is defined as the one which is managed by the family and uses mostly family labor. In the north of Portugal, family farm products are primarily intended for consumption by the household, and secondarily for local sale. Grape production is in many farms the main source of income, and is the one in which the farmer is willing to apply more pesticides to guarantee the quantity and quality required for processing. However, vineyard family farmers do not always register their practices and are rarely subject to any controls. Therefore, the way in which decision-making and compliance with the rules are carried out in these farms are not known. To understand the decision-making processes regarding phytosanitary treatments of these farmers, as well as their perception and caution with the use of pesticides, a checklist-type questionnaire was applied to a sample of 109 family farmers in the NUTIII region in Portugal. Issues related to: i) sociodemographic characteristics, and ii) agricultural practices related to the vineyard protection, were analyzed. The univariate data analysis was associated with the application of a principal component analysis (PCA). The obtained results reveal that the use of pesticides in family farm vineyards is a widespread practice and that the decision making and choice of the pesticide is, in most situations, carried out without the necessary caution, technical monitoring or registration. Respondents with a higher level of education say that they are more careful about the use of pesticides and individual protection. The younger and more educated age groups are more compliant when it comes to regulatory obligations such as the registrations.
Feasibility Analysis of the Utilization of Constructed Wetlands in Small High-Andean Urban Agglomerations
Authors:   Public University of Juliaca, Peru, L. Pineda J. , D. Coaquira ,   Public University of Juliaca, Peru, C. Coaquira L. ,   Public University of Juliaca, Peru, W. De la Cruz D. ,   Public University of Juliaca, Peru, M. Jara ,   Public University of Juliaca, Peru
Published: September 2023

This article shows the results of bibliographic and documentary research and an in-situ visit to the treatment plants of small populations around the circunlacustrine ring of Lake Titicaca; with the aim of carrying out a feasibility analysis of the utilization and exploitation of artificial wetlands (wetlands) as an alternative for the domestic wastewater treatment of small urban agglomerations in high-Andean areas. From the visit to the thirteen localities and fourteen treatment plants, it was observed that in six of them, they just have stabilization ponds, and without maintenance, and eight have biological filter treatments and from these, just three have some maintenance, that is why the great majority is practically abandoned. In addition, they do not have an energy supply and they have sloping orographic conditions, as far as there is a great potential of eleven treatment plants, for the extensive technologies implementation (artificial wetlands), thereby reducing the discharge of wastewater without any treatment to the Lake Titicaca.
Evaluating China’s Retired Teacher Re-employment Programs from the Perspective of Human Capital Theories
Authors: Shi Yunfeng
Published: September 2023

Human capital is the most crucial to social development among all forms of resources.  The exploitation of high-quality human capital in retired teachers is of vital significance for China’s socio-economic development. This article described the implementation of China’s retired teacher re-employment programs and examined their practical significance from the perspective of human capital theories with the purpose of providing implications for the reform of teacher staffing and optimization of human resources utilization in China.
Educational Justice: The Cornerstone of Modern Society
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqiao
Published: September 2023

Educational equity, a key feature of modernized society, is the application of fundamental values of modern culture in education, such as freedom, equality, justice, and human rights (Cole, 2022). It is also a product of education modernization, as well as an essential element of the new era’s education.
The FLRW Universe Metric in 4+1 Spacetime Dimensional with Spherical Coordinate Invariance
Authors: Alamsyah Rangga Prasetya , Aninda Meini
Published: September 2023

The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe metric is an abstraction of the distance between two points in a time-evolving universe. The evolution of the FLRW universe can be either expansion or contraction. In this article, the FLRW universe metric in 4+1 spacetime is formulated. When this metric is relatively one dimension higher than the original metric. The addition of these dimensions is based on the assumption that the laws of physics have the same shape in the higher dimensions. A mathematical modeling idea is based on a spatial 4-dimensional isotropic sphere system immersed in this 5-dimensional spatial system. Then, Minkowski’s flat spacetime concept was used to couple the spatial dimensions with the temporal dimension. Thus, we find the FLRW universe metric in 4+1 spacetime. The result of formalism shows that there is a radius quantity in the extra metric dimension, and this radius quantity forms the angle with the other two spatial dimensions. Then, we also show that the dimension of the cosmic scale factor will always be relatively higher than the spatial dimension of the metric. This has implications for the expansion or contraction of the FLRW universe model which remains valid in high dimensions.
Improved Steepest Descent Method using Modified Bessel Function K_(1/4 ) for Gamma Function Evaluation
Authors: Cahaya Adam Badra
Published: September 2023

Steepest descent method employs a Gaussian function when approximating an integral of a function. In this article we improve the approximation by using function in the form of  . As an example, we approximate the value of gamma function to provide improved approximation for Stirling formula that is often used for estimating factorial of a large number.
Assessment of Number of Layers on Tensile and Bend Strength of HB 500 and ST 42 Dissimilar Weldments
Authors: Fitria Cut , Tjahjono Arif , Setiawan Iwan
Published: September 2023

The joining of several materials with different characteristics has been widely carriedout for industrial progress, especially to obtain material characteristics that are superior to theprevious one. One of the most common joining techniques is welding. This research wasconducted to determine the weldability of different steels with the number of layers varyingbetween 3 and 4 layers. The object of this research is the welded connection of HB 500 wear-resistant steel plate with ST 42 construction steel plate where the thickness of each material is 10mm. Welding with the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) method employes ER 70 S filler metal ineach layer and currents from 90 A to 180 A at each connection. Tensile and bending tests werecarried out as a characterization of the weld area to determine its mechanical properties. Theresults show a significant effect of the number of layers on the quality of the connection. Theoptimum value is formed in the number of infill layers as much as 4 layers with tensile strengthof 448.37 - 473.292 MPa, yield stress of 305.767 - 317.493 MPa, elongation of 33.8 - 34.56%, andable to bend under load 874,498 - 919,544 MPa with angle formed are 85.414° on the root and86.14° on the face.
Correlation between Scattering Matrix, Return Loss and Interface Reflection Loss in Nicolson Rose Wear Approximation
Authors: Muntoha Wakid Ali , Cahaya Adam Badra , Manaf Azwar
Published: September 2023

The phenomenon behind the absorption of electromagnetic waves by absorbingmaterials is resonance phenomenon. When there is a similarity between the value of theimpedance of electromagnetic waves in the air and the impedance of the material, theabsorption of energy by the material is maximized. The phenomenon is measured using anauxiliary instrument, namely the Vector Network Analyzer. This instrument is very effective forcalculating the absorption value of electromagnetic waves. However, the Vector NetworkAnalyzer instrument which is mostly available in Indonesian research institutions cannot directlydisplay the reflection loss of the electromagnetic wave absorbing material. An effective methodthat is effective for calculating the absorption in electromagnetic wave absorbing material isNicolson Rose Wear method. In this article, we design a computational tool based on NicolsonRose Wear approximation to calculate the reflection loss values from scattering matrix andcomparing it with return loss, which is often mistook as reflection loss.
Effect of Temperature and Heating Resistant Time on Wear Properties of Molybdenum/Alumina Composites
Authors: Indrawan Rizal
Published: September 2023

The wear properties of metals are very important in manufacturing. This is evidenced in the many studies that analyze the wear properties of a metal. This study uses Metal Matrix Composites, where the manufacturing process uses metal as the matrix and ceramics as reinforcement with powder metallurgy manufacturing methods. Where the powder of the two composite materials is compacted and heated at a certain temperature to form a solid composite material. The purpose of this study is to ensure that the mechanical properties of the Mo/Al2O3 composite are greater than that of the constituent material. In this study, molybdenum powder was used as a matrix material and alumina as a reinforcing material. Mo has excellent mechanical properties, namely hardness and excellent wear resistance. Al2O3 has excellent wear resistance properties. Research variables include heating temperature of 900, 1000, 1100°C and holding time of heating process for 0.5, 1, 1.5 hours with compaction pressure of 125 MPa and weight fraction of Mo by 80% and Al2O3 by 10%. Based on the test results, the highest sinter density was found at a sintering temperature of 1100oC and a sintering holding time of 1.5 hours at 6.831g/cm3. The value of porosity and wear rate is getting lower, namely 28.8% and the wear rate is 0.0012 mm/minute.
Portable Water Quality Measurenment System for Sanitation
Authors: Zarkashie Muhamad Fauzan , Yuniarti Elvan , Rizaldy Ryan
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTWater is one of the essential needs that play an essential role in supporting life on earth. Water for sanitary hygiene purposes is used for several things to maintain individual hygiene, such as bathing and toothbrushes. Water is also for washing foodstuffs, tableware, and washing clothes. In addition, water for hygiene sanitation can be used as raw water for drinking water. This research designs a water quality measurement tool using parameters following water quality for sanitary hygiene purposes issued by the Ministry of Health. These parameters include turbidity, acidity (pH), temperature, and solids in water. The tool is designed to use Arduino Uno as a controller, sensors according to the parameters of photodiode sensors, pH, temperature, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), and output systems using an LCD 20 x 4. This study concluded that the water quality detection system is running well, using photodiode sensors that can read each level of turbidity based on the value of ADC (Analog Digital Converter). The TDS sensor has an accuracy rate of 93.2% with a 6.8% error percentage. The pH sensor has an occurrence rate of 97.5% with a 2.5% error percentage, and a temperature sensor has an accuracy of 97.84% with a 2.16% error percentage.
Analysis of Subsurface Structure of Sembalun Geothermal Prospect Area, East Lombok with 2D and 3D Gravity Modeling
Authors: Permana Nanda Ridki , Gunawan Belista , Nafian Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The existence of Indonesian geothermal is estimated to be spread in 331 locations, one of which is Sembalun, East Lombok Regency. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the subsurface structure of geothermal prospect areas in the area using gravity methods. Gravity data used is satellite data as much as 4275 measurement points that have been corrected free air (FAA). The data processing stage resulted in a Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) map with low anomaly values to be the target of research ranging from 58.9 – 115.7 mGal located in the east (Sembalun-Bumbung) and northeast (Sembalun-Lawang). The prospect of geothermal is controlled by the Talaga fault and Pusuk fault on the caldera floor (Sembalun-Lawang). In addition, the Tanakiabang fault and the Orok fault are near the manifestation of Sebau Hot Springs and on the Caldera floor (Sembalun-Bumbung). The results of 2D modeling correlated with 3D modeling conducted inversions showed geothermal sources are estimated to have a density of 2.68 gr/cc – 3 gr/cc consisting of hornblende andesite lava rocks with a depth of >2500, reservoir layer in the form of sand that has a density of 1.4 gr/cc - 1.72 gr/cc with a depth of 700 - 1200 m and a layer of a hood in the form of alluvium rocks that have a density of 1.8 gr/cc - 2.2 gr/cc with a depth of 0 - 500 m.
Radial wave function of 2D and 3D quantum harmonic oscillator
Authors: Cahaya Adam Badra
Published: September 2023

One dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator is well studied in elementary textbooks of quantum mechanics. The wave function of one-dimensional oscillator harmonic can be written in term of Hermite polynomial. Due to the symmetry of the spring energy, the wave functions of two-dimensional and three-dimensional harmonic oscillators can be written as products of the one-dimensional case. Because of that, the wave functions of two- and three-dimensional cases are focused on cartesian coordinates. In this article, we utilize polar and spherical coordinates to describe the wave function of two- and three-dimensional harmonic oscillators, respectively. The radial part of the wave functions can be written in term of associated Laguerre polynomials.
Calculating InN/GaN Transmission Coefficient from Single Barrier to Five Barriers with Propagation Matrix and Transfer Matrix Methods
Authors: Ulya Ishmah , Ong Russell , Sihombing Yuan Alfinsyah
Published: September 2023

In this study, the value of transmission coefficient on InN/GaN semiconductor from a single barrier to five barriers was determined by using the propagation matrix method and the transfer matrix method. This study aims to see the effect of adding a barrier to the number of resonance tunneling that occurs, to see the difference in transmission coefficient values which was obtained with the two methods, and to determine the effectiveness of the program execution process time from the propagation matrix and transfer matrix methods using Matlab programming. The results obtained indicated that the value of the transmission coefficient obtained from the two methods was the same. As the number of barriers increases, the number of resonance tunneling that occurs will increase. These two matrix methods had differences in terms of the effectiveness of the program execution process time and calculation process. The propagation matrix method was considered more effective than the transfer matrix method.
Testing the Bending Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites using the vacuum infusion and vacuum bagging method on the UAV Skywalker 1900 Fuselage Material
Authors: Febriyanto Chandra , Setiawan Ferry , Putra Ikbal Rizki
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the bending strength of carbon fiber composite materials with lycal epoxy resin on the Skywalker 1900 UAV. Composites will be made for test specimens with carbon fiber combined with lycal resin using vacuum infusion printing and vacuum bagging methods. From these two methods a sample of specimens will be made for testing using a bending test using the three point bending method to determine the bending strength value of the fuselage material. As for another test, namely microphotos, the process of observing this microstructure can find out how the shape, size, and distribution of second phase particles have an important role in knowing the properties of the material itself. The results of the test specimens were compared between vacuum infusion printing and vacuum bagging and then the best value was sought between the two methods. The results were obtained after testing where the two methods of printing and micro-photos obtained the best results in vacuum bagging. In the vacuum bagging process, the highest value was found in specimen b2 with a bending stress value of 1201.90Mpa and the lowest yield was found in specimen i1 with a bending stress value of 1017.74Mpa. Then the micro photo test can be seen in the vacuum bagging printing process, the penetration of the resin in bagging to the fiber is better.
Prototype of Automatic Tractor Control Navigation System Using ESP 32 Microcontroller
Authors: Ammar Abu , Yusril Muhammad , Broto Prasepvianto Estu
Published: September 2023

A prototype of an automatic tractor control navigation system using a microcontroller has been designed. This study aims to design a prototype of a tractor control navigation system automatically. The design begins with initializing ESP 32, followed by reading GPS (Ublox Neo M8N) and compass (QMC5883L). After that, waiting for commands from the wifi network, followed by reading waypoints, moving the motor, then the motor will drive the tractor prototype. The tests carried out included GPS and compass testing, control response testing, and waypoint navigation testing. The test results show that the accuracy of the coordinates of the GPS UBlox Neo M8N is 0.04 m from the Android smartphone GPS, the QMC5883L compass test shows the difference between the analog compass and the android smartphone compass by 0.4 degrees and 1.0 degrees. Testing the navigation system using the waypoint method, it was found that it was able to map an area or location with a distance of less than 5 meters in following the waypoint route and provide accurate coordinate information to the server during the trip as a source of map information.
3D Visualization of Geothermal System Structure Based on Inversion Model of Gravity Data. Case Study: Mt. Salak Region, West Java
Authors: Permana Nanda Ridki , Gunawan Belista
Published: September 2023

The geothermal power plant located in Gunung Salak plays a crucial role in increasing the electricity supply transmitted to the Java-Bali region, as the energy demand continues to rise. The objective of this research is to determine the 3D subsurface structure of Gunung Salak, specifically the distribution of the reservoir as the target for geothermal energy using the Gravity method. Gravity data, including gravity disturbance (gd), geoid, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM), were obtained from the ICGEM website with a total of 48740 data each. Based on the results of the residual anomaly map, the low anomalies beneath Gunung Salak have values from -5.15 to -1.88 mGal, which are suspected to be associated with the magma chamber. The high anomalies beneath the manifestations have values from 0.92 to 5.01 mGal, indicating andesitic basalt intrusive rocks believed to be the reservoir rock. Through the 3D inversion modeling of the subsurface structure of the Gunung Salak geothermal system, a clay cap with a density from 2.47 to 2.5 g/cc at depths of 0 to 700 m and andesitic basalt rock as the reservoir with a density from 2.74 to 2.91 g/cc at depths of 700 to 3000 m have been identified.
PEMBELAAN EMANSIPASI PEREMPUAN ISLAM DALAM PUISI “INNAMAL MAR’ATU” KARYA JAMIL SHIDQI AZ-ZAHAWI
Authors: Shiddiq Muhammad Jafar
Published: September 2023

Abstract. This study focuses on analyzing the poem "Innamal Mar'atu" by Jamil Shidqi Az-Zahawi as one of the influential people on the liberation of Muslim women in Iraq in the mid-20th century. The poem will be studied with Paul Ricoheur's Hermeneutic theory supplemented by a literary criticism perspective. feminists to reveal the symbols of defense in the liberation of Islamic women's rights contained therein as a means of criticizing the lives of women who have the impression of sexism towards gender equality which is expected through Paul Ricoheur's heurmenatic stages in the form of semantic, reflective, and philosophical or existential. That the poem contains the defense of Islamic women's rights which Zahawi expressed symbolically in the form of educational and scientific facilities for Muslim women, their role in the family, and social needs so that the life of Islamic society is more egalitarian or equal even though Zahawi's poetry has a history of controversy with the religious dictions conveyed, namely the word "hijab", but with the interpretation of these symbols it makes it read clearly and minimizes misunderstandings in the meaning of Zahawi's poetry. Abstrak. Penelitian ini fokus untuk menganalisis puisi “Innamal Mar’atu” karya Jamil Shidqi Az-Zahawi sebagai salah satu orang yang berpengaruh tentang pembebasan wanita Islam di Irak pada pertengahan abad 20. Puisi tersebut akan dikaji dengan teori Hermeneutik Paul Ricoheur yang dilengkapi dengan perspektif kritik sastra feminis untuk mengungkap simbol-simbol pembelaan dalam pembebasan hak-hak perempuan Islam yang terkandung di dalamnya sebagai sarana kritik terhadap kehidupan perempuan yang terkesan seksisme menuju kesetaraan gender yang diharapkan melalui tahapan-tahapan heurmenatik Paul Ricoheur berupa semantik, reflektif, dan filosofi atau eksistensial. Bahwa di dalam puisi tersebut terkandung pembelaan hak-hak perempuan Islam yang diungkapkan Zahawi secara simbolis berupa fasilitas pendidikan dan keilmuan bagi perempuan Islam, peran mereka dalam keluarga, serta sosial yang dibutuhkan agar kehidupan masyarakat Islam lebih egaliter atau setara meski puisi Zahawi ini memiliki sejarah kontroversi dengan diksi-diksi agama yang dibawakan yaitu kata “hijab”, namun dengan penafsiran simbol-simbol tersebut menjadikannya terbaca dengan jelas dan meminimalisir kesalahpahaman dalam pemaknaan puisi Zahawi ini.
RESILIENSI PEREMPUAN TERHADAP PERMASALAHAN PENGGUNAAN NARKOBA DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Nurfadila Safa Intan , Taufiqurrohim Taufiqurrohim
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Women and narcotics form a complex interplay within society. With the escalating issue of drug circulation and abuse, family resilience emerges as a crucial pillar in addressing this matter. However, women often grapple with discrimination and social stigma. This research aims to comprehend women's roles in preventing drug abuse in Kabupaten Kediri and the values they espouse. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach involving field research, encompassing observations, interviews, and document analysis. The concept of power within Michel Foucault's Power Relations Theory is utilized to understand women's roles. The research reveals that women's roles in family resilience encompass four main aspects: Social Power Agents, Knowledge Transfer Agents, Social Support Agents, and Social Inclusivity Agents. This study provides valuable insights for addressing the drug problem in Kabupaten Kediri through the roles of women. Abstrak. Perempuan dan narkoba memiliki hubungan yang kompleks dalam masyarakat. Dalam menghadapi peningkatan masalah narkoba, ketahanan keluarga menjadi penting. Namun, perempuan sering menghadapi diskriminasi dan stigma sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran perempuan dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan narkoba di Kabupaten Kediri dan nilai-nilai yang mereka terapkan. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Konsep kuasa dalam Teori Relasi Kuasa Michael Foucault digunakan untuk memahami peran perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran perempuan dalam ketahanan keluarga sebagai Agen Kekuatan Sosial, Agen Penyampaian Pengetahuan, Agen Dukungan Sosial, dan Agen Inklusivitas Sosial. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan untuk mengatasi masalah narkoba di Kabupaten Kediri melalui peran perempuan.
Understanding the Technical Correction to Online Digital Evaluation and Management Service Guidelines (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: September 2023

This article provides an overview of the technical correction and addresses how the revised guidelines affect services when the online digital evaluation and management service is provided in certain circumstances.
EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AND LOW PROTEIN LEVEL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING PIGS
Authors: Kanev D. , Yordanova G. , Apostolov A. , Nedeva R.
Published: September 2023

Aim: The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of ration levels and protein levels on feeding patterns of weaned pigs ensuring good health and productivity. Material and methods: An experiment with 56 weaned Danube White pigs divided into 4 groups of 14 was carried out in Agricultural Institute – Shumen.
The experiment started at 8,364 - 8,457 kg live weight and finished at 30,786 - 31,714 kg live weight, with a duration period of 56 days. During the first 14 days after weaning, the pigs from the third and fourth group were fed with limited ration – 20% less from that of first and second group. After that period, the reduced ration for the previous period was raised for the pigs from third and fourth group. Throughout the entire test
period, pigs from the first and third groups received a compound feed of 18,50% protein and those from the second and fourth groups with 16,50%. Results: The limited ration provides up to lower growth rate in the first 14 days as feed conversion ratio is the same as that of animals fed ad libitum. Animals fed restricted and ad libitum with 16.50% protein in the compound feed had a similar average daily increase but did not achieve
the growth rate of high-protein-fed pigs (18.50%) over the whole experimental period. Better daily gain and feed conversion ratio was found in pigs fed ad libitum with a high protein level (18.50%) in their compound feeds. Conclusions: The obtained results can find applications in solving various practical problems.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF OREGANO EXTRACT SUPPLEMENTATION IN WEANED PIGS OF THE EASTERN BALKAN BREED
Authors: Palova N. , Yordanova G. , Nedeva R.
Published: September 2023

An experiment with 30 weaned pigs of the East Balkan pig breed was conducted at the Agricultural Science Center in Sredets. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oregano extract supplementation on the productivity and health status of weaned pigs of the East Balkan breed.
The animals were divided into two groups of 15 animals, 8 males, and 7 females. The experiment started at 8,150 kg live weight for group I (control) and 8,160 kg for experimental group II. The animals from the control group received wheat: barley (50:50), and 50 g of oregano extract per 100 kg of feed was added to the ration of animals from experimental group II. The experiment finished at 19.646 kg live weight for group I and at 20.673 kg live weight for those in group II. The use of oregano extract (Origanum vulgare) in the feed for weaned pigs of the East Balkan breed improved the average daily gain (by 8.96%-0.146 kg vs. 0.134kg) and reduced the feed conversion ratio per kg gain by 8.22% (5.240kg vs. 5.709 kg).
The Revitalization of Teacher Empowerment as Professionals in the Era 4.0
Authors: Jamilus Jamilus
Published: September 2023

This discussion aims to describe the revitalization of teacher empowerment as professional staff in the 4.0 era. This is important given the increasing challenges faced by education in the digital age. The era of globalization and information not only has a positive impact on the civilization of a nation, but can also have a negative effect on the attitude patterns and personality of the nation's children. Various forms of violence and deviations in values and norms that occur in the community, one of which is the impact of the development of information and technological progress that is increasingly difficult to stem. Therefore, teacher empowerment is not enough to be done through education and training (training) teaching skills, more than that teacher empowerment should also be done through enlighten the spiritual and spiritual dimensions so as to be able to exude noble character while being able to internalize values and also the growth of religious awareness in students themselves by placing religion and all its teachings as a stronghold for the entry of various negative influences.
A Meta Analysis Study of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) Method in English Teaching and Learning
Authors: Hadeli Hadeli , Sugara Natasya , Elismawati Elismawati , Azmi Hidayat Al
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the STAD method towards English teaching and learning. The method use in this research is meta-analysis. Data collection is carry out using coding data sheets in which researcher code information from research articles in journals about the use of the STAD method in English teaching and learning. The data are analyze by calculating the effect size. The results of the study reveal that overall the STAD method is effective in influencing English learning as much as 1.53 or is in the category of large effect. The STAD method also has an impressive impact in terms of areas with a magnitude of 1.31 in Indonesia. In addition, based on education level, the result of the large effect is 0.9 at the junior high school level and 1.9 at the high school level. On the other hand, the effect on students' English proficiency is 1.64. STAD affects reading, speaking, and writing skills in English with a large effect value of 1.05, 0.81, and 3.07. From these results, it can be concluded that the STAD method is effective to be applied in learning English because STAD has a great influence in various regions in Indonesia, in education levels, and can improve students' English skills in various aspects.
Women’s Language Used in ‘Birds of Prey and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn’ movie
Authors: Aziz Zulfadli Abdul , Mahmud Masrizal , Nurhasanah Dista
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the major features of women’s language used by the female characters in “Birds of Prey and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn” movie. This study investigates the types of women speech features found in the movie. A qualitative approach employing a content analysis method was used in this study. The data were taken from female characters’ utterances. The data were then identified and analyzed based on the classifications of women’s speech features proposed by Lakoff (1975). Findings of this study indicate that six of the features are used by the female characters: lexical hedges/fillers, empty adjectives, tag questions, super polite forms, avoiding strong words, and emphatic stress. Rising intonation, precise color terms, intensifiers, and hypercorrect grammar have not been found in the current research data.
Learning Strategy of Akidah Akhlak Subject During Covid-19 Pandemic in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Anirah Andi , Naima Naima , Yusuf Khaeruddin , Palinge Erni
Published: September 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic causes many problems which forced teachers to innovate and determine the learning strategies used. The strategy was chosen based on the nature or subject material character. Akidah Akhlak was a compulsory subject in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This study aimed to analyze the teacher's strategy in the learning of Akidah Akhlak Subject at MIN Palu during the pandemic. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The data were obtained from interviews, observations and documentation. The study results showed that the Akidah Akhlak learning strategy was implemented in two learning models, namely Online and Offline (Home Visit). The first was online learning by using smartphones and laptops with the WhatsApp application, video calls, google classroom, and Ruang Guru Application. The second was student's home visits by gathering some students who lived nearby to each other's house to study together and assignments were given every week based on a schedule. The home visit is prioritized for students who were categorized as slow learners and students without internet connection. In online learning and home visits, creativity and optimizing the roles of teachers and parents are very necessary for the effective and efficient learning. These findings can be used as input in determining future learning strategies
Spiritual Folklore Tourism
Authors: Agarwal Ruchi , Pongjit Chompunuch
Published: September 2023

This article highlights the importance of spiritual pilgrims’ pre-travel experiences and belief in the divine spirit to fulfil their spiritual journey. We explore the experiences of travellers who visited the Naga Cave and sought spiritual help to fulfil their desires. We used netnography to collect travellers’ stories to reveal the importance of seeking spiritual help and sharing experiences on Facebook to promote the sacredness of Phu Aue Lue and the Naga Cave. Some travellers cleanse their spirits before the trip using meditation, prayer, adhering to the five Buddhist precepts, and going vegetarian. Physical fitness is also crucial, as the 1,400 metres of the extremely taxing trail in the cave demands four to five hours of hiking. Spiritual tourism offers an opportunity for psychological recovery post-COVID-19, and spiritual destinations with folkloric overtones, such as the Naga Cave, are expected to increase in prominence among spiritual and general tourists due to their inherent healing properties. Additionally, the tourism authority may employ further marketing and promotional initiatives to promote Naga Cave as a sustainable tourist destination. The use of mass media for communication has been of interest in recent years, with studies examining the use of new media by individuals and the significance of Naga in Thai architectural and sculptural ornaments.
Halperin, Ehud. 2020. The Many Faces of a Himalayan Goddess: Hadimba, Her Devotees, and Religion in Rapid Change
Authors: Gairola Vineet
Published: September 2023

Halperin, Ehud. 2020. The Many Faces of a Himalayan Goddess: Hadimba, Her Devotees, and Religion in Rapid Change. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. iv + 270 pp. ISBN 9780190913588 (hbk). £79.
Martin, Craig. 2021. Discourse and Ideology: A Critique of the Study of Culture
Authors: LeVasseur Todd
Published: September 2023

Martin, Craig. 2021. Discourse and Ideology: A Critique of the Study of Culture. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 296 pp. ISBN 9781350246287 (pbk). $31.45.
Guglielmi, Marco. 2022. The Romanian Orthodox Diaspora in Italy: Eastern Orthodoxy in a Western European Country
Authors: Tateo Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Guglielmi, Marco. 2022. The Romanian Orthodox Diaspora in Italy: Eastern Orthodoxy in a Western European Country. London: Palgrave Macmillan. viii + 170 pp. ISBN 978-3-031-07101-0 (hbk) ISBN 978-3-031-07102-7 (e-book). 48.14 €. £31.00. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07102-7.
Sport as (Spi)rituality
Authors: Cipriani Roberto
Published: September 2023

This article deals with the relationship between sport and (spi)rituality from an anthropological and sociological point of view. There are several convergences but also many differences between the two spheres. However, the affinities appear to be more numerous and meaningful than the divergences. In particular the presence of prayer during sporting events is stressed to foreground the notion of games as a metaphor of life. Another significant role is played by symbols whose religious content is evident. The author refers, particularly, to the significance of the contribution made by Turner’s approach to the transition from rite to spectacle (or theatre).
Another Kind of Implicitness in Religion
Authors: Eccles Janet
Published: September 2023

This article considers a group of older women disaffiliates from a Christian church and the use they continue to make of Christian goods and services, although disaffiliated. Davie speaks of “vicarious believers” in a number of recent writings (2000, 2006, 2007a, b): the notion that while people may no longer attend church, they still rely on the vicarious believers to maintain the church, its beliefs and practices, on their behalf. I shall describe one such case, but this article focuses mainly on two other groups of women, who do not look to the churches (or certainly not to churchgoers) for any form of believing or belonging, yet who could be seen as maintaining connections with explicitly Christian beliefs and practices. I examine the reasons why, and argue that all these women, although disaffiliated, continue the practice of both the explicitly sacred in some form, and the secular sacred, through caring for others, a more implicit form of religion. Thereby, they contribute to the social and cultural resources of the communities in which they live.
Sarah Shortall, Soldiers of God in a Secular World: Catholic Theology and Twentieth-Century French Politics
Authors: Clark-Howard Andrew
Published: September 2023

Sarah Shortall, Soldiers of God in a Secular World: Catholic Theology and Twentieth-Century French Politics. Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press, 2021, pp. 338, $49.95/£43.95/€45.95, ISBN: 9780674980105 (hbk).
Adam Possamai and David Tittensor, Religion and Change in Australia
Authors: Clare Shorter Rosie
Published: September 2023

Adam Possamai and David Tittensor, Religion and Change in Australia. London and New York: Routledge, 2022, pp. 213, ISBN: 9781032186030 (pbk). AUS$73.99/£34.99.
The Aboriginal Process of Inculturation
Authors: Pattel-Gray Anne
Published: September 2023

2003 - Penny Magee Lecture

A critical aspect involved in aiding the development of an Aboriginal Theology is the process of inculturation. The importance given to this process is not just limited to superficial cultural dressings, but rather a deeper process that has been described as incarnational
Identity and Religion in Contemporary Australia
Authors: Hughes Philip , Black Alan , Bellamy John , Kaldor Peter
Published: September 2023

This paper draws on data from two national surveys conducted by Edith Cowan University and NCLS Research to examine the nature of religious identification in Australia. It finds that the importance of religion to people’s sense of identity is closely related to church attendance, religious beliefs, and the importance of ethnic identity. Some people describe themselves as ‘spiritual’ rather than ‘religious’, although most people opt to describe themselves using both terms or neither. The lower levels of importance of religion to identity among younger people are associated with lower levels of involvement in religious organisations. The importance attributed to spirituality has been largely retained through the generations, but is now expressed somewhat differently. For many younger people, spirituality is being explored quite apart from involvement in, or identification with, religious communities.
Religion, Gender and the Postcolonial Crisis of the Present
Authors: Ram Kalpana
Published: September 2023

The paper explores the crisis in modernity’s incapacity to address the Other in various overlapping domains, those of ‘religion’, ‘woman’, ‘tradition’ and ‘non-western societies’. It argues that this capacity, intrinsic to the very construction of modernity, has seriously weakened secular modern emancipatory projects not only in the west, but within countries like India. In India, projects strong among Indian intellectuals, such as feminism, secularism and socialism, face a crisis in their capacity to oppose the rise of Hindu religious nationalism. The paper explores the weaknesses in these projects particularly in their understanding of human agency, through a detailed examination of the way religion has been constructed in modern understandings of belief, ritual, choice and tradition.
Catholic Church Engagement in Australian Society
Authors: Daw Joan
Published: September 2023

The Catholic Church is a major provider of social welfare services in Australian society. Attitudes and practices relating to charitable/welfare activity are, therefore, important indicators of the Church’s engagement in pluralist society. In this paper, data from the 1996 Australian Catholic Church Life Survey, the 2001 National Church Life Survey (Catholic Component), and the 1998 Australian Community Survey are used to examine such indicators. The research shows that charity/welfare is regarded by Catholics as a core function of religion. Moreover, this is shown to tap into two differing orientations: one specifically religious, the other less so. These two orientations are also identified in the provision of welfare services by Catholic organisations in the sense that their mission accords with the first orientation, while service delivery tends to accord with the second. These findings prompt exploration of the possibility of a symbiotic relationship between 'the religious' and 'the secular' in Catholicism’s social engagement.
“Adolf Island”: The Nazi occupation of Alderney by Caroline Sturdy Colls and Kevin Simon Colls
Authors: Moshenska Gabriel
Published: September 2023

“Adolf Island”: The Nazi occupation of Alderney by Caroline Sturdy Colls and Kevin Simon Colls2022. 488 pp. Manchester University Press, Manchester. ISBN 978-1-5261-4906-0.
A critical discourse analysis of women's roles as mistresses in Chinese corruption news coverage
Authors: Li Yiyan
Published: September 2023

The terms ‘mistress’ or ‘second wife’, translated as qingfu, ernai, xiaosan, have become widely used in Chinese media in recent years. This study employs critical discourse analysis to examine how the mistress/second wife is represented in Chinese corruption news coverage. In particular, this paper analyses thirty seven articles focusing on cadre-mistress relationships that were published on mainstream commercial websites (Ifeng, NetEase, Sina, and Sohu) between 2013 and 2017. The findings of this analysis show that the framing of the mistresses/second wives in these articles follows media censorship and selectively appeals to the public's negative perception of them. Specifically, the findings reveal that mistresses of corrupt male cadres are afforded no respect in corruption news coverage, and are instead portrayed as ‘toys’ of the cadres who are ‘partners’ in their corruption. Furthermore, this paper's analysis of the sociocultural context that gives rise to such discourses demonstrates the key role played by social inequalities and gender inequalities in the post-reform era. This study contributes to the literature by illustrating how mistress–cadre relationships are governed by gender inequalities in job opportunities, career development, and income levels, social inequalities in the distribution of wealth and resources, and cultural norms relating to discrimination against concubines. Thus, such relationships cannot be eliminated via public censure.
Developing L2 oral language proficiency using concept-based Dynamic Assessment within a large-scale testing context
Authors: Levi Tziona
Published: September 2023

Oral language proficiency (OLP) is a central facet of foreign language learning. Nevertheless, it is a component that is challenging both to teach and to test (Luoma, 2004). In an effort to optimize these processes, this paper examines the application of the Vygotskian notion of Dynamic Assessment (DA) as a means to prioritize the learning-assessment relationship with a view to enhancing OLP performance and up-scaling DA use for larger groups of learners to match large-scale test contexts. In this study, Israeli high-school students preparing for their matriculation OLP test in EFL, which focuses on the measures of Communicative Ability (fluency) and Accuracy, underwent a single short-term DA mediation session following a pre-test. A teacher-tester administered the mediation to individuals and groups of students as they analyzed a video recording of their pre-tests, equipped with a theoretical scientific-concept-based instrument (SCOBA). Post- and follow-up tests were given to all participants. Findings show that students who underwent DA mediation improved scores in the post- and follow-up tests for both measures, suggesting that this form of DA mediation may have beneficial short and longer-term impact on OLP performance within a large-scale context.
Toward an understanding of perezhivanie for sociocultural SLA research
Authors: Mok Nelson
Published: September 2023

Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory has been invaluable for informing new theoretical approaches to the study of L2 acquisition. However, the concept of perezhivanie has been overlook despite playing a central role in crystallising ideas in both Vygotsky’s negative arguments and his positive theory. Here, I revisit the concept as a potential means to inform the kind of emic approach to research Firth and Wagner (1997; 2007) had argued was necessary for balance in the field of SLA. As a first step, I examine perezhivanie as discussed in ‘The Problem of the Environment’ (Vygotsky, 1994), and within the context of other aspects of Vygotsky’s work – his criticisms of psychology; the functional unity of consciousness; the concept of the unit; and holism - to clarify misunderstandings and expand on its theoretical content. I conclude with a discussion of the issues raised when perezhivanie is applied in the study of memory.
When Johnny comes marching home
Authors: George David M
Published: September 2023

Patrick Gilmore’s ‘When Johnny Comes Marching Home’ is one of the best-known American Civil War songs. By addressing the return of a single soldier—Johnny—it promises those who enlist a glorious return and the appreciation of a grateful society. As a piece of propaganda, it has been remarkably resilient, outliving the conflict for which it was composed and even today is frequently performed by military marching bands within the United States. But the song contains a level of ambiguity which allows it to be reimagined. It is this ambiguity that has allowed it to evolve, and even whilst retaining its original meaning, it has become its own antithesis, decrying the indifference of society to the plight of the returning soldier and highlighting the cost of their sacrifice.
To the sources! On historical source criticism in metal studies
Authors: Pichler Peter
Published: September 2023

Metal studies is usually considered to be a fundamentally interdisciplinary field of research. However, the disciplines that were included at its beginning (mostly sociology, cultural anthropology, musicology, and philosophy) are still theoretically dominant. As a consequence, several important research questions that do not reflect these disciplines’ epistemologies have remained unanswered to this day. To a great extent, this applies to historical research questions on metal scenes. In this respect, the author argues that metal studies could benefit from the expertise of history in general and source criticism in particular. In order to develop this argument, necessary basic traits of contemporary historical source criticism are introduced. Then, the author proceeds by individually discussing three fundamental types of sources that are structurally tied to the historical long-term processes in metal scenes: concert flyers, album covers and band T-shirts. Research into the Styrian metal scene in south-eastern Austria provides examples. To conclude, it is posited that starting from a semiotic concept of source criticism and then adapting such a concept for the specific purposes of metal studies is necessary to nurture historical awareness and the accuracy of relevant research.