bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique three-site compound heterozygous mutation in the WFS1 gene in Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Ren Ziyu , Yi Jixiu , Zhong Min , Wang Yunting , Liu Qicong , Wang Xuan , Liu Dongfang , Ren Wei
Published: August 2021

Background

Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease whose main cause is mutations in the WFS1 and CISD2 genes. Its characteristic clinical manifestations are diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness.

Methods

In this study, two patients from this particular family underwent complete routine biochemical and ophthalmic tests. Blood, urine, routine stool test, visual acuity (VA) examination, visual field assessment, funduscope, optical coherence tomography and periorbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed for each patient to evaluate whether the nerve fiber layer around the optic nerve head was atrophied and next-generation sequencing of target genes was performed in two patients.

Results

When the patients were diagnosed with Wolfram syndrome, their genetic analyses suggested unique three-site compound heterozygous mutations (c.2314C > T + c.2194C > T + c.2171C > T) in exon 8 of both patients’ chromosome 4. One mutation (c.2314C > T) was a novel mutation in the known reports of Wolfram syndrome. As a degenerative genetic disease, the types of gene mutations in the Chinese population are generally homozygous mutations at the unit point or compound heterozygous mutations at two nucleotide change sites. However, the two patients reported in this study are the first known cases of compound heterozygous mutations with three mutation sites coexisting on the WFS1 gene in China or even globally.

Conclusions

This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of Wolfram syndrome and may reveal a novel mutation pattern of pathogenesis of Wolfram syndrome. The implications of this discovery are valuable in the clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with WFS1.
Composite surface roughness and color change following airflow usage
Authors: Valian Azam , Ansari Zahra Jaber , Rezaie Mohammad Moien , Askian Roja
Published: August 2021

Background

Esthetic dental restorations have gained increasing popularity. The surface of restorations should be smooth enough to achieve maximum esthetics and prevent the adhesion of microorganisms and food particles. This study aimed to assess the surface roughness and color change of composite specimens following airflow usage.

Methods

In this in vitro, experimental study, 30 Tokuyama composite discs were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) for the use of airflow with calcium carbonate/bicarbonate powder and conventional polishing with FlexiDisc. The surface roughness of the specimens was measured by profilometry while the color change was assessed by measuring the L*, a* and b* color parameters using spectrophotometry before polishing (T1). The composite specimens were then polished for stain removal, and their surface roughness as well as color parameters were remeasured after polishing (T2). Paired t-test and Tukey’s test were applied for within-group and between-group comparisons.

Results

Significant differences were noted in roughness average (Ra) between airflow with calcium carbonate (0.251 ± 0.014 μm) and airflow with sodium bicarbonate (0.421 ± 0.208 μm), and between airflow with sodium bicarbonate and FlexiDisc (0.207 ± 0.076 μm) groups after polishing (P < 0.05). Regarding the correlation of change in surface roughness and color parameters at T1 and T2, an inverse correlation was noted between the change in surface roughness and all color parameters except for L*. In other words, reduction in surface roughness decreased the a* and b* color parameters.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the airflow device used in this study had no significant difference with conventional polishing in terms of reduction in surface roughness and staining. Considering the cost and maintenance of the airflow device, it is not suggested as a suitable alternative to the conventional polishing procedures.

Trial Registration Number: This study does not involve human subjects.
Inequality in dental services: a scoping review on the role of access toward achieving universal health coverage in oral health
Authors: Ghanbarzadegan Arash , Balasubramanian Madhan , Luzzi Liana , Brennan David , Bastani Peivand
Published: August 2021

Background

Improving access to health services is a way towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in oral health. The purpose of this review was to map the determinants of access to dental services within a UHC framework.

Method

Scoping review methods were adopted for the review. PUBMED, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and ProQuest were searched for academic literature on determinants of access to dental services in OCED countries. Articles published in the last 20 years were included. No restriction was placed on study methods; only articles in English language were included. Qualitative synthesis was conducted, along with a trend analysis and mapping exercise.

Result

A total of 4320 articles were identified in the initial search; 57 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The results indicate 7 main themes as the determinants of access to dental services: family condition, cultural factors, health demands, affordability of services, availability of services, socio-environmental factors, geographical distance. Defined determinants of access to dental services, family condition, cultural factors and geographical access to dental services can fill the population axis of the UHC cube. Health demands and affordability of services fill the gap of financial protection as another axis of the UHC cube and finally, availability of dental services and socio-environmental factors are aligned with the appropriateness of services, the third axis of the UHC cube.

Conclusion

According to the results, family condition and cultural, health demands, affordability and availability of services, social environment, and geographic factors can affect dental health access and equality. Socio-cultural determinations also need to be considered in applied planning. Addressing these factors to improve access to dental services can pave the way for achieving universal health coverage in oral health and should be considered in different levels of policymaking.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in ageing and its potential use for prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Ni Junguo , Au Manting , Kong Hangkin , Wang Xinluan , Wen Chunyi
Published: August 2021

Background

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the most abundant functional component of wolfberry, is considered a potent antioxidant and an anti-ageing substance. This review aims to outline the hallmarks of ageing in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), followed by the current understanding of the senolytic effect of LBP and its potential use in the prevention and treatment of OA. This will be discussed through the lens of molecular biology and herbal medicine.

Methods

A literature search was performed from inception to March 2020 using following keywords: “Lycium barbarum polysaccharide”, “DNA damage”, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, anti-ageing, osteoarthritis, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and “bone mesenchymal stem cell”. The initial search yielded 2287 papers, from which 35 studies were selected for final analysis after screening for topic relevancy by the authors.

Results

In literature different in vitro and in vivo ageing models are used to demonstrate LBP’s ability to reduce oxidative stress, restore mitochondrial function, mitigate DNA damage, and prevent cellular senescence. All the evidence hints that LBP theoretically attenuates senescent cell accumulation and suppresses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as observed by the reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-1beta, and matrix-degrading enzymes, such as MMP-1 and MMP-13. However, there remains a lack of evidence on the disease-modifying effect of LBP in OA, although its chondroprotective, osteoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects were reported.

Conclusion

Our findings strongly support further investigations into the senolytic effect of LBP in the context of age-related OA.
Description of the use of multicriteria to support pricing and reimbursement decisions by European health technology assessment bodies
Authors: Elvira David , Obach Mercè , Pontes Caridad
Published: August 2021

Background

Heterogeneity in drug access throughout Europe may be influenced by differences in drug-assessment strategies. The EUnetHTA’s assessment core model (EUnetHTA-core) and the EVIDEM’s multicriteria framework are reference methodologies in this context, the latter including a wider compromise between non-contextual and contextual criteria. Compliance of 37 European Health Technology Assessment bodies (HTAb) with EUnetHTA-core has been reported, but the use of EVIDEM by this HTAb is still unknown.

Methods

To describe the uptake and use of multicriteria approaches to evaluate drug value by European HTAb using EVIDEM as reference framework, a multicriteria framework was obtained based on EVIDEM model. The criteria used for drug appraisal by HTAb was extracted from the EUnetHTA report, and completed through search of websites, publications and HTAb reports. Use of EVIDEM assessment model in 37 European HTAb has been described semi-quantitatively and summarized using an alignment heatmap.

Results

Aligned, medium or misaligned profiles were seen for 24,3%, 51,4% and 24,3% of HTAb when matching to EVIDEM dimensions and criteria was considered. HTAb with explicit responsibilities in providing specific advice on reimbursement showed more aligned profiles on contextual and non-contextual dimensions.

Conclusions

EUnetHTA’s core model is limited in assessing medicines while EVIDEM’s framework provides contextual dimension used by some HTAb in Europe that can be escalated to other agencies. Most of the 37 European HTAb have room to broaden their contextual assessment tools, especially when social and medical perception of need requires to be explicit to support payer’s decision on reimbursement.
Successful retrieval of dislocated inferior vena cava filter using double vascular sheaths docking technology: case report
Authors: Zhou Mi , Qi Lixing , Gu Yongquan
Published: August 2021

Background

Dislocation of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) is a rare complication with potential IVC perforation and other life-threatening risks requiring early diagnosis and in-time retrieval. Most of dislocation IVCF in the past have been shelved or removed by open surgery. It is very difficult to retrieve the filters by interventional technology.

Case presentation

Here we report a 49-year-old man suffering from dislocation of IVCF implanted due to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the right femoral vein. Successful retrieval of the IVCF using double sheaths docking technique was done soon after confirmation of the dislocation. Importance of monitoring and early detection of dislocation of IVCF should be emphasized to avoid further complications.

Conclusions

The double vascular sheaths docking technique can be considered as a preferential option in difficult operative situation.
Brazil’s more doctors programme and infant health outcomes: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Bexson Charlotte , Millett Christopher , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco , de Sousa Soares Ricardo , de Oliveira Felipe Proenço , Hone Thomas
Published: August 2021

Background

Providing sufficient numbers of human resources for health is essential for effective and accessible health services. Between 2013 and 2018, the Brazilian Ministry of Health implemented the Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) (More Doctors Programme) to increase the supply of primary care doctors in underserved areas of the country. This study investigated the association between PMM and infant health outcomes and assessed if heterogeneity in the impact of PMM varied by municipal socio-economic factors and health indicators.

Methods

An ecological longitudinal (panel) study design was employed to analyse data from 5565 Brazilian municipalities over a 12-year period between 2007 and 2018. A differences-in-differences approach was implemented using longitudinal fixed effect regression models to compare infant health outcomes in municipalities receiving a PMM doctor with those that did not receive a PMM doctor. The impact of PMM was assessed on aggregate and in municipality subgroups.

Results

On aggregate, the PMM was not significantly associated with changes in infant or neonatal mortality, but the PMM was associated with reductions in infant mortality rate (IMR) (of − 0.21; 95% CI: − 0.38, − 0.03) in municipalities with highest IMR prior to the programme’s implementation (where (IMR) > 25.2 infant deaths per 1000 live births). The PMM was also associated with an increase in the proportion of expectant mothers receiving seven or more prenatal care visits but only in municipalities with a lower IMR at baseline and high density of non-PMM doctors and community health workers before the PMM.

Conclusions

The PMM was associated with reduced infant mortality in municipalities with the highest infant mortality rate prior to the programme. This suggests effectiveness of the PMM was limited only to the areas of greatest need. New programmes to improve the equitable provision of human resources for health should employ comprehensive targeting approaches balancing health needs and socio-economic factors to maximize effectiveness.
Favorable outcomes with reduced steroid use in juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Orandi Amir B. , Fotis Lampros , Lai Jamie , Morris Hallie , White Andrew J. , French Anthony R. , Baszis Kevin W.
Published: August 2021

Background

High-intensity glucocorticoid regimens are commonly used to induce and maintain remission in Juvenile Dermatomyositis but are associated with several adverse side-effects. Evidence-based treatment guidelines from North American and European pediatric rheumatology research societies both advocate induction with intravenous pulse steroids followed by high dose oral steroids (2 mg/kg/day), which are then tapered. This study reports the time to disease control with reduced glucocorticoid dosing.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records at a single tertiary-care children’s hospital of patients diagnosed with Juvenile Dermatomyositis between 2000 and 2014 who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The primary outcome measure was time to control of muscle and skin disease. Additional outcome measures included glucocorticoid dosing, effect of treatment on height, frequency of calcinosis, and complications from treatment.

Results

Of the 69 patients followed during the study period, 31 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median length of follow-up was 4.58 years, (IQR 3–7.5). Myositis control was achieved in a median of 7.1 months (IQR 0.9–63.4). Cutaneous disease control was achieved in a median of 16.7 months (IQR 4.3–89.5). The median starting dose of glucocorticoids was 0.85 mg/kg/day, (IQR 0.5–1.74). The median duration of steroid treatment was 9.1 months, (IQR 4.7–17.4), while the median duration of any pharmacotherapy was 29.2 months (IQR 10.4 to 121.3). Sustained disease control off medications was achieved in 21/31 (68%) patients by the end of review. Persistent calcinosis was identified in only one patient (3%).

Conclusion

Current accepted treatment paradigms for Juvenile Dermatomyositis include oral glucocorticoids beginning at 2 mg/kg/day and reduced over a prolonged time period. However, our results suggest that treatment using reduced doses and duration with early use of steroid-sparing agents is comparably effective in achieving favorable outcomes in Juvenile Dermatomyositis.
A qualitative exploration of the role of NGOs in the recovery support for persons with substance use disorders in a low-income African setting
Authors: Asante Kwaku Oppong , Asiama-Sampong Emmanuella , Appiah Richard
Published: August 2021

Background

In sub-Saharan Africa, most government mental health facilities are under-resourced to cater for the mental health needs of the population, including the provision of treatment and recovery support services for persons with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, in other settings, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play significant roles by complementing governments’ efforts in the provision of care for vulnerable groups. Presently, no study exists that examines the contributions of NGOs in the recovery support of individuals with SUDs in the Ghanaian context. This study sets out to explore the role of NGOs in the recovery of persons with SUDs in Ghana.

Method

Using a descriptive qualitative design, eight staff (directors and senior recovery practitioners) from eight NGOs in southern Ghana were purposively selected and interviewed face-to-face using semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the thematic analysis within an inductive approach.

Results

The results showed that NGOs provide three main services: treatment of drug addiction (through psychotherapy and recovery capital), re-integration of recovered individuals into society, and advocacy and awareness creation in schools and communities. These efforts are thwarted by limited qualified professionals and inadequate government support.

Conclusion

Our results underscore the need for government agencies to collaborate with NGOs involved in the recovery management of persons with SUDs and other mental disorders to complement their efforts in strategizing, designing, and implementing context-appropriate substance misuse prevention and intervention programs and policies in Ghana.
Prediction of MoRFs based on sequence properties and convolutional neural networks
Authors: He Hao , Zhou Yatong , Chi Yue , He Jingfei
Published: August 2021

Background

Intrinsically disordered proteins possess flexible 3-D structures, which makes them play an important role in a variety of biological functions. Molecular recognition features (MoRFs) act as an important type of functional regions, which are located within longer intrinsically disordered regions and undergo disorder-to-order transitions upon binding their interaction partners.

Results

We develop a method, MoRFCNN, to predict MoRFs based on sequence properties and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The sequence properties contain structural and physicochemical properties which are used to describe the differences between MoRFs and non-MoRFs. Especially, to highlight the correlation between the target residue and adjacent residues, three windows are selected to preprocess the selected properties. After that, these calculated properties are combined into the feature matrix to predict MoRFs through the constructed CNN. Comparing with other existing methods, MoRFCNN obtains better performance.

Conclusions

MoRFCNN is a new individual MoRFs prediction method which just uses protein sequence properties without evolutionary information. The simulation results show that MoRFCNN is effective and competitive.
Development of metastatic poorly differentiated thyroid cancer from a sub-centimeter papillary thyroid carcinoma in a young patient with a germline MET mutation – association or random chance?
Authors: Johansson Klara , Stenman Adam , Paulsson Johan O. , Wang Na , Ihre-Lundgren Catharina , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C. Christofer
Published: August 2021

Background

Thyroid cancer dedifferentiation is an unusual observation among young patients and is poorly understood, although a recent correlation to DICER1 gene mutations has been proposed.

Case presentation

A 28-year old patient presented with a sub-centimeter cytology-verified primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and a synchronous lateral lymph node metastasis. Following surgery, histopathology confirmed a 9 mm oxyphilic PTC and a synchronous metastasis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). Extensive molecular examinations of both lesions revealed wildtype DICER1 sequences, but identified a somatic ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion and a MET germline variant (c.1076G > A, p.Arg359Gln). MET is an established oncogene known to be overexpressed in thyroid cancer, and this specific alteration was not reported as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), suggestive of a mutation. Both the primary PTC and the metastatic PDTC displayed strong MET immunoreactivity. A validation cohort of 50 PTCs from young patients were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, revealing significantly higher MET gene expression in tumors than normal thyroid controls, a finding which was particularly pronounced in BRAF V600E mutated cases. No additional tumors apart from the index case harbored the p.Arg359Gln MET mutation. Transfecting PTC cell lines MDA-T32 and MDA-T41 with a p.Arg359Gln MET plasmid construct revealed no obvious effects on cellular migratory or invasive properties, whereas overexpression of wildtype MET stimulated invasion.

Conclusions

The question of whether the observed MET mutation in any way influenced the dedifferentiation of a primary PTC into a PDTC metastasis remains to be established. Moreover, our data corroborate earlier studies, indicating that MET is aberrantly expressed in PTC and may influence the invasive behavior of these tumors.
Serum renin and major adverse kidney events in critically ill patients: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Ortiz-Soriano Victor , Li Xilong , Gianella Fabiola G. , Toto Robert D. , Moe Orson W. , Devarajan Prasad , Goldstein Stuart L. , Neyra Javier A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Preliminary studies have suggested that the renin-angiotensin system is activated in critical illness and associated with mortality and kidney outcomes. We sought to assess in a larger, multicenter study the relationship between serum renin and Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods

Prospective, multicenter study at two institutions of patients with and without acute kidney injury (AKI). Blood samples were collected for renin measurement a median of 2 days into the index ICU admission and 5–7 days later. The primary outcome was MAKE at hospital discharge, a composite of mortality, kidney replacement therapy, or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate to ≤ 75% of baseline.

Results

Patients in the highest renin tertile were more severely ill overall, including more AKI, vasopressor-dependence, and severity of illness. MAKE were significantly greater in the highest renin tertile compared to the first and second tertiles. In multivariable logistic regression, this initial measurement of renin remained significantly associated with both MAKE as well as the individual component of mortality. The association of renin with MAKE in survivors was not statistically significant. Renin measurements at the second time point were also higher in patients with MAKE. The trajectory of the renin measurements between time 1 and 2 was distinct when comparing death versus survival, but not when comparing MAKE versus those without.

Conclusions

In a broad cohort of critically ill patients, serum renin measured early in the ICU admission is associated with MAKE at discharge, particularly mortality.
Quantifying the phase separation property of chromatin-associated proteins under physiological conditions using an anti-1,6-hexanediol index
Authors: Shi Minglei , You Kaiqiang , Chen Taoyu , Hou Chao , Liang Zhengyu , Liu Mingwei , Wang Jifeng , Wei Taotao , Qin Jun , Chen Yang , Zhang Michael Q. , Li Tingting
Published: August 2021

Background

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important organizing principle for biomolecular condensation and chromosome compartmentalization. However, while many proteins have been reported to undergo LLPS, quantitative and global analysis of chromatin LLPS property remains absent.

Results

Here, by combining chromatin-associated protein pull-down, quantitative proteomics and 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-HD) treatment, we develop Hi-MS and define an anti-1,6-HD index of chromatin-associated proteins (AICAP) to quantify 1,6-HD sensitivity of chromatin-associated proteins under physiological conditions. Compared with known physicochemical properties involved in phase separation, we find that proteins with lower AICAP are associated with higher content of disordered regions, higher hydrophobic residue preference, higher mobility and higher predicted LLPS potential. We also construct BL-Hi-C libraries following 1,6-HD treatment to study the sensitivity of chromatin conformation to 1,6-HD treatment. We find that the active chromatin and high-order structures, as well as the proteins enriched in corresponding regions, are more sensitive to 1,6-HD treatment.

Conclusions

Our work provides a global quantitative measurement of LLPS properties of chromatin-associated proteins and higher-order chromatin structure. Hi-MS and AICAP data provide an experimental tool and quantitative resources valuable for future studies of biomolecular condensates.
CPB-3 and CGH-1 localize to motile particles within dendrites in C. elegans PVD sensory neurons
Authors: Spendier Kathrin , Olesnicky Eugenia C. , Forand Daniel , Wolf Margaret , Killian Darrell J.
Published: August 2021

Objective

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of gene expression that influence mRNA splicing, stability, localization, transport, and translational control. In particular, RBPs play an important role in neurons, which have a complex morphology. Previously, we showed that there are many RBPs that play a conserved role in dendrite development inDrosophiladendritic arborization neurons andCaenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) PVD neurons including the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins (CPEBs), Orb inDrosophilaand CPB-3 inC. elegans, and the DEAD box RNA helicases, Me31B inDrosophilaand CGH-1 inC. elegans. During these studies, we observed that fluorescently-labeled CPB-3 and CGH-1 localize to cytoplasmic particles that are motile, and our research aims to further characterize these RBP-containing particles in live neurons.

Results

Here we extend on previous work to show that CPB-3 and CGH-1 localize to motile particles within dendrites that move at a speed consistent with microtubule-based transport. This is consistent with a model in which CPB-3 and CGH-1 influence dendrite development through the transport and localization of their mRNA targets. Moreover, CPB-3 and CGH-1 rarely localize to the same particles suggesting that these RBPs function in discrete ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that may regulate distinct mRNAs.
Young adult with Gorham’s disease presenting in an emergency department: a case report
Authors: Grönroos Markku , Palomäki Ari
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Gorham’s disease is a very rare musculoskeletal disorder characterized by progressive resorption of one or more skeletal bones. Most of the 200 cases reported earlier are diagnosed before the age of 40 years. Due to rarity, the diagnosis of Gorham’s disease in the Emergency Department may be very difficult.

Case presentation

We report a case of Gorham’s disease. A 23-year old Caucasian man presented to the Emergency Department with a significant loss of power and sensation of the lower limbs and lower torso. Clinical examination, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed resorption of the ribs and vertebrae, severe kyphosis, and spinal stenosis in the thoracic area. The patient underwent several surgical procedures, including spondylodesis and decompression, and made a good initial recovery. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Gorham’s disease.

Conclusion

We present a young man with Gorham’s disease visiting the Emergency Department. After the proper diagnosis and treatment, our patient had good outcome, although the etiology of this rare disease is uncertain.
Towards sustainable energy culture in the industrial sector: introducing an interdisciplinary method for understanding energy culture in business industries
Authors: Oksman Virpi , Reda Francesco , Karjalainen Sami , Rehman Hassam ur , Fatima Zarrin
Published: August 2021

Background

There have been numerous research papers focusing on improving energy consumption and energy behaviour in domestic and residential contexts. However, workplaces and especially industry settings have gained less attention in scientific literature, even though the industry sector is one of the largest energy consumers in the world. This article introduces a methodological framework that utilizes the energy culture concept, to support understanding the factors that influence energy culture at business industry companies.

Methods

Building on the concept of energy culture, we introduce an interdisciplinary method, which assesses organizations’ energy culture from different perspectives and recognizes the possibilities for sustainability transitions. To validate this method, the developed energy culture survey has been verified by 27 expert participants from different industry-related companies located in Finland, Italy, Switzerland, Germany France, and Austria.

Results

Our analysis highlights the need to consider diverse, interdisciplinary aspects to create a successful method for enhancing energy culture in the industrial sector. This will take into consideration human aspects, related to cognitive norms, beliefs, and aspirations, as well as to human interaction with the material world.

Conclusions

Industrial energy cultures context differs from domestic and residential contexts, and the knowledge from one context cannot be transferred to another context as such. Based on investigated studies undertaken for residential, office, and other sectors and the lessons learned, we developed a systematic method for energy culture understanding in industries. Energy managers may use it, as well as other individuals involved in energy culture issues in the industrial business sector, to evaluate the state of energy culture and engage employees towards new energy-related practices.
Dickkopf-related protein 3 alters aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells, promoting CD4+ T-cell activation and function
Authors: Guo Qingqu , Chu Yiming , Li Hongbo , Shi Dike , Lin Lele , Lan Weifeng , Wu Dan
Published: August 2021

Background

To investigate the value of Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) on aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells, where DKK3-overexpression is used to determine its effects on CD4+ T cells.

Methods

The BxPC-3-DKK3 cell line was constructed, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was prepared. After isolated the CD4+ T cells, the lactic acid, glucose uptake ability, cellular viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and markers were detected by PCR and western blot, and the concentrations of multiple cytokines were determined using the ELISA method.

Results

After co-culture with pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing DKK3, the glucose uptake markedly, proliferation enhanced and apoptosis inhibited in CD4+ T cells. The co-culture model also revealed that DKK3-overexpression promotes the activation and regulates the metabolism and function of CD4+ T cells.

Conclusions

DKK3 alters the metabolic microenvironment of pancreatic cancer cells and further facilitates the function of CD4+

T cells which suggesting that DKK3 may have a therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
What characterizes a good mental health professional in court-mandated treatment settings?: Findings from a qualitative study with older patients and mental health care professionals
Authors: Seaward Helene , Wangmo Tenzin , Vogel Tobias , Graf Marc , Egli-Alge Monika , Liebrenz Michael , Elger Bernice S.
Published: August 2021

Background

Therapist-related activities and characteristics such as empathy and genuineness are factors that significantly contribute to psychotherapy outcome. As they play a role in psychotherapy more generally, it can be expected that they are equally important in the treatment of court-mandated patients more specifically. At the same time, these treatment settings come with specific challenges—e.g. due to coercion and control—and it could thus be that some therapist-related characteristics might have a different empathy on the therapy. This interview study sought to investigate service providers’ and users’ perspectives on therapist-related characteristics in the context of detention.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative interview study with 41 older incarcerated persons mandated to treatment, and 63 mental health professionals (MHP). The data analysis followed thematic analysis.

Results

Patients and experts both emphasized the importance of treating patients with respect by taking a humanistic approach, that is, condemn the deeds but embrace the person and display genuine interest in supporting patients with any issue or concern that is of relevance to them. Furthermore, interviewees underscored that the coerciveness of the therapy context required to incorporate patients’ wishes into treatment planning, recognize and respond to the patients’ needs, and allow some choice within the given framework. Such inclusive attitude was deemed critical to engage and motivate patients to participate in treatment. In addition, it was emphasized that feedback and advice by the therapists need to be concrete, detailed and applied to each person’s current situation. Lastly, patients questioned MHP’s qualification when they did not progress in therapy.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that some therapist-related activities and characteristics are of particular importance in court-mandated settings. These include genuine interest in the patient, a respectful and positive attitude, as well as the capacity to target sensitive issues in a directive but non-confrontational manner. Further research needs to identify specific expressions and behaviors that are linked to the aforementioned characteristics in the forensic context. Our study therefore contributes to much-needed empirical research on clinician and patient perspectives on therapist characteristics and activities in the treatment of court-mandated patients.
North Sea spring bloom-associated Gammaproteobacteria fill diverse heterotrophic niches
Authors: Francis Ben , Urich Tim , Mikolasch Annett , Teeling Hanno , Amann Rudolf
Published: August 2021

Background

The planktonic bacterial community associated with spring phytoplankton blooms in the North Sea is responsible for a large amount of carbon turnover in an environment characterised by high primary productivity. Individual clades belonging to theGammaproteobacteriahave shown similar population dynamics toBacteroidetes species, and are thus assumed to fill competing ecological niches. Previous studies have generated large numbers of metagenome assembled genomes and metaproteomes from these environments, which can be readily mined to identify populations performing potentially important ecosystem functions. In this study we attempt to catalogue these spring bloom-associatedGammaproteobacteria, which have thus far attracted less attention than sympatricAlphaproteobacteriaandBacteroidetes.

Methods

We annotated 120 non-redundant species-representative gammaproteobacterial metagenome assembled genomes from spring bloom sampling campaigns covering the four years 2010–2012 and 2016 using a combination of Prokka and PfamScan, with further confirmation via BLAST against NCBI-NR. We also matched these gene annotations to 20 previously published metaproteomes covering those sampling periods plus the spring of 2009.

Results

Metagenome assembled genomes with clear capacity for polysaccharide degradation via dedicated clusters of carbohydrate active enzymes were among the most abundant during blooms. Many genomes lacked gene clusters with clearly identifiable predicted polysaccharide substrates, although abundantly expressed loci for the uptake of large molecules were identified in metaproteomes. While the larger biopolymers, which are the most abundant sources of reduced carbon following algal blooms, are likely the main energy source, some gammaproteobacterial clades were clearly specialised for smaller organic compounds. Their substrates range from amino acids, monosaccharides, and DMSP, to the less expected, such as terpenoids, and aromatics and biphenyls, as well as many ‘unknowns’. In particular we uncover a much greater breadth of apparent methylotrophic capability than heretofore identified, present in several order level clades without cultivated representatives.

Conclusions

Large numbers of metagenome assembled genomes are today publicly available, containing a wealth of readily accessible information. Here we identified a variety of predicted metabolisms of interest, which include diverse potential heterotrophic niches of spring bloom-associatedGammaproteobacteria. Features such as those identified here could well be fertile ground for future experimental studies.
Modulating the bicoid gradient in space and time
Authors: Cai Xiaoli , Rondeel Inge , Baumgartner Stefan
Published: August 2021

Background

The formation of the Bicoid (Bcd) gradient in the earlyDrosophilais one of the most fascinating observations in biology and serves as a paradigm for gradient formation, yet its mechanism is still not fully understood. Two distinct models were proposed in the past, the SDD and the ARTS model.

Results

We define novelcis- andtrans-acting factors that are indispensable for gradient formation. The first one is the poly A tail length of thebcdmRNA where we demonstrate that it changes not only in time, but also in space. We show that posteriorbcdmRNAs possess a longer poly tail than anterior ones and this elongation is likely mediated bywispy(wisp), a poly A polymerase. Consequently, modulating the activity of Wisp results in changes of the Bcd gradient, in controlling downstream targets such as the gap and pair-rule genes, and also in influencing the cuticular pattern. Attempts to modulate the Bcd gradient by subjecting the egg to an extra nuclear cycle, i.e. a 15thnuclear cycle by means of thematernal haploid(mh) mutation showed no effect, neither on the appearance of the gradient nor on the control of downstream target. This suggests that the segmental anlagen are determined during the first 14 nuclear cycles. Finally, we identify theCyclin B(CycB) gene as atrans-acting factor that modulates the movement of Bcd such that Bcd movement is allowed to move through the interior of the egg.

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrates that Bcd gradient formation is far more complex than previously thought requiring a revision of the models of how the gradient is formed.
No association between rheumatoid arthritis and cognitive impairment in a cross-sectional national sample of older U.S. adults
Authors: Booth Michael J. , Janevic Mary R. , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Clauw Daniel J. , Piette John D.
Published: August 2021

Background

Studies suggest an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, most prior studies have used convenience samples which are subject to selection biases or have failed to adjust for key confounding variables. We thus examined the association between CI and RA in a large national probability sample of older US adults.

Methods

Data were from interviews with 4462 participants in the 2016 wave of the nationally representative U.S. Health and Retirement Study with linked Medicare claims. RA diagnoses were identified via a minimum of two ICD-9CM or ICD-10 codes in Medicare billing records during the prior 2 years. The Langa-Weir Classification was used to classify cognitive status as normal, cognitively impaired non-dementia (CIND), or dementia based on a brief neuropsychological battery for self-respondents and informant reports for proxy respondents. We compared the odds of CI between older adults with and without RA using logistic regression, adjusted for age, education, gender, and race.

Results

Medicare records identified a 3.36% prevalence of RA (150/4462). While age, gender, education, and race independently predicted CI status, controlling for these covariates we found no difference in CI prevalence according to RA status (prevalent CI in 36.7% of older adults with RA vs. 34.0% without RA; adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.74–1.59, p = .69).

Conclusion

There was no association between RA and CI in this national sample of older U.S. adults.
Effects of ante-mortem use of methadone on insect succession patterns
Authors: Keshavarzi Davoud , Rassi Yavar , Oshaghi Mohamad Ali , Azizi Korush , Rafizadeh Sayena , Alimohammadi Alimohammad , Parkhideh Seyed Zahra
Published: August 2021

Background

Evaluation of insect succession patterns is a scientific method to estimate the time elapsed since death. Several studies have shown that ante-mortem intake of opioids affect maggot growth rate. However, there are few published data that investigate the effect of ante-mortem opioid use on insect succession patterns.

Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of methadone on the succession patterns of insects on rabbit carcasses during the spring and winter of 2019. In the present study, the H-null hypothesis represents the dissimilarity between the successional waves of species from testing and control carcasses (H0: P: 0).

Results

During this study, 15 and 13 insect species were collected from carcasses during the spring and winter, respectively. The most dominant species during the both seasons wereChrysomya albicepsandCalliphora vicina. These two species preferred to lay eggs on the control carcasses earlier than the treated carcasses.Lucilia cuprinawas observed only from the remains of untreated carcasses, whileSaprinus chalcitesandNecrobia rufipeswere recorded only from the remains of treated rabbits. Samples indicate that 11.8% of the insects were members of the Coleoptera. Permutation analyzes based on the Mantel test were 0.647 ± 0.16 (P= 0.009) and 0.693 ± 0.16 (P= 0.003) for the similarity of the species between treated and untreated carcasses in the spring and winter, respectively. Permutation analyzes for the two most dominant fly species (Ch. albicepsandC. vicina) between the treated and untreated carcasses in the spring and winter were 0.515 ± 0.15 (P= 0.05) and 0.491 ± 0.14 (P= 0.09), respectively.

Conclusion

The results revealed that the overall pattern of insect succession was similar between the treated and untreated rabbit carcasses. However, the patterns of succession ofChrysomya albicepsandCalliphora vicinadiffered slightly between treated and untreated carcasses, and this could have an effect on the PMI min estimate.
Bone remodeling and implant migration of uncemented femoral and cemented asymmetrical tibial components in total knee arthroplasty - DXA and RSA evaluation with 2-year follow up
Authors: Yilmaz Müjgan , Holm Christina Enciso , Lind Thomas , Flivik Gunnar , Odgaard Anders , Petersen Michael Mørk
Published: August 2021

Background

Aseptic loosening is one of the major reasons for late revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The risk of aseptic loosening can be detected using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), whereby micromovements (migration) can be measured, and thus RSA is recommended in the phased introduction of orthopedic implants. Decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), as measured by dual-energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA), is related to the breaking strength of the bone, which is measured concurrently by RSA. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone remodeling and implant migration with cemented asymmetrical tibial and uncemented femoral components after TKA with a follow up period of 2 years.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 29 patients (number of female/male patients 17/12, mean age 65.2 years), received a hybrid Persona® TKA (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) consisting of a cemented tibial, an all-polyethylene patella, and uncemented trabecular metal femoral components. Follow up: preoperative, 1 week, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, and double examinations for RSA and DXA were performed at 12 months. RSA results were presented as maximal total point of motion (MTPM) and segmental motion (translation and rotation), and DXA results were presented as changes in BMD in different regions of interest (ROI).

Results

MTPM at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 0.65 mm, 0.84 mm, 0.92 mm, and 0.96 mm for the femoral component and 0.54 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.64 mm, and 0.68 mm, respectively, for the tibial component. The highest MTPM occurred within the first 3 months. Afterwards most of the curves flattened and stabilized. Between 12 and 24 months after surgery, 16% of femoral components had migrated by more than 0.10 mm and 15% of tibial components had migrated by more than 0.2 mm. Percentage change in BMD in each ROI for distal femur was as follows: ROI I 26.7%, ROI II 9.2% and ROI III 3.3%. BMD and at the proximal tibia: ROI I 8.2%, ROI II 8.6% and ROI III 7.0% after 2 years compared with 1 week postoperative results. There was no significant correlation between maximal percentwise change in BMD and MTPM after 2 years.

Conclusion

Migration patterns and changes in BMD related to femoral components after TKA in our study correspond well with previous studies; we observed marginally greater migration with the tibial component.
Opioid-Free Postoperative Pain Management After Adenotonsillectomy With Nasal Turbinate Reduction Using Bilateral Suprazygomatic Infratemporal-Pterygopalatine Fossa Injections: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Carole , Pan Stephanie , Barros Viviana Ruiz , Meister Kara , Tsui Ban C. H.
Published: August 2021

Adenotonsillectomies are one of the most common otolaryngologic surgeries performed to alleviate obstructive sleep-disordered breathing and apnea in children. The pain management following adenotonsillectomy continues to be a challenge for both pediatric anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists due to the mortality that stems from the use of opioid pain medications in children who have an increased baseline risk airway obstruction and apnea that is exacerbated by any exposure to opioids. We present a case utilizing bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve (SZMN) blocks or, more accurately, suprazygomatic infratemporal-pterygopalatine fossa injections to achieve opioid-free perioperative analgesia for pediatric adenotonsillectomy with nasal turbinate reduction.
Talent on Strike: The Musicians’ Union and the Early Agonies of the Creative Class
Authors: Miller Rachel
Published: August 2021

In November 1865, the membership of New York City's Musical Mutual Protective Union went on strike. Spurred by low wages and professional disrespect, union men came together around an ensemble ethic emphasizing mutual obligation among players. This powerful code of conduct—enforced through the union's internal structure and the musicians’ employment model—sustained several weeks of strike action in the face of public indifference. It also pushed musicians to close their ranks and ensured the homogeneity of the orchestra pit. The strike invites us to historicize the “creative economy,” with equal attention to the material conditions of workers and the durable conceptual categories created by the culture industries.