bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the Rotary Mechanism of the Hydraulic Manipulator of a Timber Truck
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Posmetyev Valeryi I. , Nikonov Vadim O. , Manukovskii Andrey Yu. , Posmetyev Viktor V. , Kazakov Igor V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization
Published: November 2024

The importance of loading and unloading operations in the technological process of wood hauling by timber trucks, as well as the need to improve the design of hydraulic manipulators, are considered. The most rational ways to increase the efficiency of their functioning are given. The disadvantages of traditional designs of hydraulic manipulator rotary mechanisms based on rack-and-pinion gears are presented. An improved design of the crank rotary mechanism of the hydraulic manipulator column from six hydraulic cylinders is proposed. The research methodology is based on the use of mathematical modeling. It has been revealed that the accumulated energy for one braking cycle when moving the load is about 1442 J. Considering that timber loading is carried out at a height of approximately 2 m, the recovery system allows approximately 12 % of the rotation energy to be directed to the load lifting operation. Over the entire range of change in the angle of the end of rotation, the recovered energy varies by only 7.1 % – from 1340 to 1442 J, and the load swing amplitude – by 1.2 % – from 0.336 to 0.340 m. It has been determined that with an increase in the length of the guide, the recovered energy decreases slightly – from 1564 to 1428 J (by 8.7 %) – and the load swing amplitude – from 0.344 to 0.339 (by 1.5 %). It has been found that over the entire angular range, the recovered energy varies from 1399 to 1442 J (by 3 %), and the load swing amplitude – from 0.3380 to 0.3393 m (by 0.4 %). The angular unevenness of the recovery efficiency indicators is no more than 3 %. To study the influence of the parameters of the crank rotary mechanism of the hydraulic manipulator column on the efficiency of energy recovery, a multifactor optimization problem has been solved. It has been established that the optimal value of the distance from the crank axis to the movable axes of the hydraulic cylinders of the rotary mechanism of the hydraulic manipulator column is 0.23–0.25 m, the optimal value of the displacement of the crank axis relative to the axis of the manipulator column is 0.17–0.18 m. At the same time, the recovered energy for 1 cycle of load moving is at least 1500 J, and the amplitude of the load swing is no more than 0.35 m.
The Effect of Intensive Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide from Flue Gases of a Soda Recovery Boiler in the Production of Pulp
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Aniskin Sergey V. , Kurov Victor S.
Published: November 2024

Despite the transition to the Swedish technology for regenerating black liquor from pulp production plants, even in those regions of Russia where the standard daily average levels of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan in the air of populated areas have been achieved, a number of problems remain with emissions of reduced sulfur. In many cities, onetime concentrations of reduced sulfur, especially at night, may exceed the permissible ones. In addition to flue gas emissions from soda recovery boilers, there are other, less intensive sources of harmful emissions in the cooking, evaporation and wood-chemical workshops, in the causticization and lime regeneration workshops, there are emissions from unorganized sources and from the open surface of wastewater treatment facilities. The population living near such plants feels the unpleasant odor of methyl mercaptan. This study has aimed to develop a new technology for reducing gas emissions of reduced sulfur into the environment, applicaple for different sources. The results of testing an industrial installation for purification of gas emissions from a soda recovery boiler in a scrubber with nozzle irrigation have been presented. Based on the measurements of the technological parameters of the operation mode of the gas purification plant and the determination of the composition of the irrigation solution, the analysis of the results obtained has been performed. During the tests, a high degree of hydrogen sulfide capture at a low pH value has been achieved. It has been established that hydrogen sulfide has been captured as a result of its oxidation before entering the irrigation solution in fine droplets of condensate formed on micron-sized particles of sulfate and sodium carbonate. The results of this study have been compared with the results of the studies conducted by Stanford University and the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The possibility of hydrogen peroxide formation under our test conditions in the surface layer of fine droplets formed during the condensation of water vapour on dust particles has been analyzed. The suposed cause of the obtained effect has been determined to be the thermomechanical deformation of the surface layer of the droplets.
The Results of the Study of the Relationship between Viscosity and Mechanical Strength of Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulp
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koroleva Tatiana A. , Medvedev Vasily V. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Pomelov Yuri V. ,   Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill
Published: November 2024

An assessment has been made of the relationship between viscosity and mechanical strength of industrial samples of bleached hardwood kraft pulp. To produce this type of semi-finished product, birch and aspen wood has been used, which has been harvested in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation. The viscosity of a solution of high-molecular polymers provides an idea of the average length of the fibers and, accordingly, their degree of destruction. In turn, the mechanical properties of the fibrous semi-finished product and the strength of the products made from it largely depend on the length of the fiber. Since it takes no more than 2 hours to determine the viscosity of a solution of high-molecular polymers, and 8–10 hours to obtain standard mechanical strength characteristics, viscosity analysis can be considered an express method that provides information on the mechanical strength of a semi-finished product. In this work, the ISO 5351:2010 international standard in cupriethylenediamine solution has been used to analyze the viscosity of the semi-finished product. High values of mechanical strength characteristics have been detected for industrial samples of bleached hardwood kraft pulp with a viscosity of more than 800 ml/g. For pulp samples, a correlation has been established only between the number of double folds and viscosity. Further research has been carried out on samples of bleached hardwood kraft pulp with different degrees of fiber destruction, which have been produced with varying the parameters of sodium hypochlorite treatment. The results have made it possible to establish a range of critical viscosity values for bleached hardwood kraft pulp, which has amounted to 600...700 ml/g, and a polynomial relationship between tear resistance, breaking length, a number of double folds and viscosity with a high confidence coefficient of data approximation of no less than 0.89. It has been shown that viscosity can become an analytical tool in the express diagnostics of the mechanical strength of a fibrous semi-finished product at the intermediate stages of production of bleached hardwood kraft pulp and in quality control of the ready-made semi-finished product.
Access to new forms of public healthcare services: patient experiences from interpreter-mediated cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Sagli Gry , Felberg Tatjana Radanović
Published: November 2024

‘Access to healthcare’ is a complex concept involving dimensions such as service availability, degree of fit between services and service users, outcomes, and equity. Increased linguistic diversity poses challenges for conventional healthcare as well as for new forms of services, such as patients’ Learning and Mastery Services (LMS). According to Norwegian legislation, all patients should have access to the services they need. In practice, the majority of LMS are offered only in Norwegian and are therefore not available for patients with limited proficiency in Norwegian unless interpreting is provided. There are exceptions such as the LMS course “Cardiac Rehabilitation Class–with Interpreting” (CRC-I), which is offered to multilingual groups of patients with serious heart disorders. In this context, this article discusses patients' perspectives on interpreter-mediated communication in CRC-I and their experience considering different dimensions of access based on data from a qualitative study with fieldwork with participant observation and in-depth interviews with participants.
Making a difference: how does an interpreting course contribute to public service interpreters’ professional identity
Authors: Urdal Gro Hege Saltnes
Published: November 2024

In Norway, the Interpretation Act (2022) requires that interpreters are qualified before taking on assignments. One way of qualifying is to take a 30 ECTS course in interpreting. This article will explore how such a course contributes to developing the interpreters’ professional identity. Two cohorts of former students who attended such a course at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences in Norway were invited to participate in an electronic questionnaire and individual follow-up interviews. Data was analysed using reflexive thematical analysis, and the results show that the former students describe themselves as more independent and self-confident, and more aware of the importance and the boundaries of their role after completing the course. They also felt the course contributed to improving their interpreting technique. Meeting other public service interpreters also made them feel that they were part of a professional community. This indicates that even short interpreting training courses play a significant part in developing the interpreters’ professional identity.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR A SILKWORM INCUBATOR
Authors:   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, oglu Nasirdinov Bahadyr Abdullajan , Yusupzhanovich Sharibayev Nasir ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, Yusupzhanovich Sharibayev Soli ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effectiveness of using a mechatronic system in the incubation of silkworm eggs was studied. The incubator consists of an SCD41 sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, a TES1-12706 air cooler, an electric heater and a ventilation systembo'lib, harorat, namlik va CO2, which provides automatic control of temperature, humidity and CO2 quantity2. The study showed that when using the new system, the level of egg viability increased by 4.1%, and the yield of cocoons-by 5.8%. However, the overall length of the silk fiber and the continuous length have also been improved. This innovative system can be of great importance for improving product quality and ensuring economic efficiency in the silk industry.
IMPORTANCE OF WTO AS DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM: SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   Master’s student of Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan, ugli Nematov Umidjon Uktam , ugli Nurilloev Shavkat Shukhrat ,   Master’s student of Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

In this thesis, the role of the World Trade Organization in international trade, its importance in the peaceful settlement of disputes between countries, its difficulties and successes are analyzed.
SHAKESPEARE’S SONNETS AND THE CONCEPT OF TIME
Authors:   Bukhara State University, Senior teacher of Interfaculty foreign languages department, Uzbekistan, To’raqulova Dilafruz
Published: November 2024

Shakespeare's sonnets actually follow a basic structure based on time. In this article, we have considered the concept of time in Shakespeare's sonnets.
TURKIC-LANGUAGE LITERATURE IN IRAN: A CASE STUDY FROM THE 17TH CENTURY
Authors:   Doctoral Candidate, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan, Fayzullayev Zavqiyjon Qobiljon o‘g‘li
Published: November 2024

In this article, thoughts are expressed regarding the Turkish-speaking literary atmosphere in the 17th century in the world, particularly, in Iran, and brief information is given about some of the authors of the period.
INCUBATOR DESIGN FORREVIVALS SILKWORM SEEDS
Authors:   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, ugli Nasirdinov Bahodir Abdullajon , Yusupzhanovich Sharibayev Nosir ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, Yusupzhanovich Sharibayev Soli ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the effectiveness of a new incubator design for reviving silkworm eggs. In the course of the study, an incubator based on a rotating disk was created to control the parameters of the microclimate and ensure uniform development of eggs. In this system, temperature, humidity and CO2 levels are monitored using the SCD 41 and other sensors. The results showed that using the new incubator, silkworm eggs were revived 4.1% faster than using traditional methods, and the cocoon yield increased by 5.8%. Thanks to the high efficiency of the new construction, the economic efficiency of silk production will increase and the possibility of producing high-quality silk will expand. Thus, the construction of an innovative incubator opens up opportunities for using new approaches in sericulture.
MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS FOR SILKWORM EGG INCUBATION
Authors:   Namangan engineering and technology Institute, Uzbekistan, Yusupjanovich Sharibayev Nosir , o’g’li Nasirdinov Bakhodir Abdullajon ,   Namangan engineering and technology Institute, Uzbekistan, Yusupjanovich Sharibayev Soli ,   Namangan engineering and technology Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) egg incubation is a critical phase in sericulture, demanding precise environmental conditions for optimal hatch rates. This article introduces the implementation of mechatronic systems in silkworm egg incubation. It discusses the design, operation, and impact of these systems on hatchery performance. Our findings illustrate that mechatronic systems offer enhanced control, resulting in improved hatch rates and overall silkworm health.
ANALISIS RASIO PROFITABILITAS DALAM MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PT. INDOFOOD SUKSES MAKMUR TBK
Authors: Karim Laras , Lamuda Ilyas , Rahman Zubaidah
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the Profitability Ratios in measuring the Financial Performance of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. The method used is quantitative analysis in the form of Financial Statements. The technique employed is descriptive analysis using financial ratios. The results of this research indicate that, based on the average profitability ratios from 2019-2023, the company is capable of measuring profit growth with the profitability ratio of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, in terms of Return on Assets (ROA), whereas Return on Equity (ROE) is still considered very low or has not yet met the industry ratio standards. The average ROA ratio is 7.84%, while the industry standard value is less than 20%, and the average ROE ratio is 14.21%, but it has not met the industry standard value of less than 25%. However, the Gross Profit Margin (GPM) exceeds the profitability industry ratio standards, as the GPM has an average ratio of 34.58%, with the industry standard ratio value being more than 30%. This indicates that the company has not yet been able to manage its finances effectively in terms of ROA and ROE, but it has managed its finances effectively in terms of GPM, meeting the operational standards.
PENGARUH KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA UMKM DI BREBES
Authors: Inayah Nur , Nandang Nandang , Kanita Ghia Ghaida
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of human resource quality and marketing strategies on the sustainability of MSME businesses in Cikakak Village, Brebes Regency. The method used is a quantitative research method with descriptive and verification approaches. The population of this study consisted of all MSME players in Cikakak Village, totaling 176 MSMEs. In this study, 44 samples were used, which was 25% of the total population. Data was gathered by distributing questionnaires (questionnaires) with an ordinal scale to the respondents. The results showed that the quality of human resources had a positive and significant influence on business sustainability. In addition, marketing strategy also indicates a positive and considerable influence on business sustainability. These findings emphasize the importance of improving the quality of human resources and effective marketing strategies in supporting business sustainability in the area.
Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Adaptasi PISA Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar
Authors: Puput Salsabilah  , Soeprianto Harry , Yulis Tyaningsih Ratna , Subarinah Sri
Published: November 2024

Capaian literasi matematika yang rendah di Indonesia, terutama pada konten shape and space, mendapat perhatian khusus dalam bidang pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematika siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditorial dan kinestetik dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal adaptasi PISA pada konten shape and space. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII-A SMPN 7 Mataram dengan 11 siswa visual, 11 siswa auditorial, dan 11 siswa kinestetik. Instrumen penelitian adalah angket gaya belajar, tes tertulis kemampuan literasi matematika, dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Indikator kemampuan literasi matematika yaitu: 1) merumuskan situasi secara matematis (formulate), 2) menerapkan konsep, fakta, prosedur, dan penalaran matematika (employ), 3) menafsirkan, menerapkan dan mengevaluasi hasil matematika (interpret). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan gaya belajar visual memiliki kemampuan literasi matematika yang baik, mampu melalui semua tahap literasi matematika dengan teliti namun sedikit kesulitan dalam menafsirkan kembali hasil yang diperoleh ke permasalahan yang ada. Siswa dengan gaya belajar auditorial mampu merumuskan masalah secara matematis dan menerapkan konsep, namun masih kurang lengkap menuliskan informasi yang diketahui dan ditanyakan pada soal. Sedangkan siswa dengan gaya belajar kinestetik hanya mampu merumuskan masalah secara matematis namun kesulitan dalam menerapkan konsep dan menafsirkan hasil yang diperoleh ke permasalahan yang ada.
THE PARADOXES OF LITERARINESS
Authors: RAKYOVSKI Tsvetan
Published: November 2024

The aim of the paper is to present the special connection between reality and fiction in some emblematic literary texts from the time of the Bulgarian Enlightenment as well as the place of the literature in creating the ideological narratives of the mentioned period. The interplay between fiction and reality marks the entire Bulgarian Enlightenment, and both in the texts and in their reception this interconnectedness proves crucial. In this historical period, authors such as Vazov consider literature as one of the main ‘weapons’ for the transformation of the world. At a time when there were no Bulgarian institutions, as Bulgaria was part of the Ottoman Empire, book publishing and education played the role of state-creating impulses without a state. That is why another important topic discussed in the paper is the pedagogical function of 19th-century Bulgarian literature which is both a source of knowledge about the world and a means of building the notion of the national ideal.
PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE PRODUCTION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: BRAYNOVA Tsvetomira , SIMONSKA Miglena
Published: November 2024

The paper presents an analysis of the phonological features of preschool children. The article aims to find patterns of typical and atypical errors. A method was created to conduct the study, which includes three levels of research - at the level of words, sentence repetition, and generating one's speech by picture (spontaneous speech). The results show that children's most common phonological errors are as follows: sound substitution, elision of sound, metathesis of sound, elision of syllable, and deletion of consonants clustered in a syllable. The data obtained from the noun generation task was informative enough about the phonological development of the children being studied. The repeated speech task was accessible for the children and of little value in analyzing the phonological processes. The sentence generation task provides sufficient information about sentence structure, prosody, rate, and force of speech. The test serves a diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. The diagnostic analysis is clear and informative enough to create a therapeutic program based on the examination results. Subsequently, it could be applied for re-testing to measure the progress in the child's output. In addition, the average time children take to administer the whole test is less than 18 minutes, which is an additional positive aspect of the test. The ultimate goal is to standardize this test to assist clinicians in establishing norms by examining Bulgarian-speaking children and assessing their phonological development.
RELIGIOUS VOCABULARY OF EVERYDAY LANGUAGE
OF THE ORTHODOX BELIEVERS OF UKRAINE
Authors: BOREIKO Yurii , FEDOTOVA Tetiana
Published: November 2024

The article attempts to analyze the interaction of the religious language sphere with the Ukrainian language in the context of the religious discourse. Due to the ability of religious discourse to interact with other types of discourse, the speech activity of Orthodox believers is realized within institutional and personal discourses, the latter of which covers the sphere of interpersonal communication in the context of everyday interactions. The objective of the study is to find out the specifics of the functioning of lexical units expressing religious meanings in everyday language of Orthodox believers of Ukraine.
The attributive and modus specificity of language of the religious sphere makes it possible to distinguish the language of religion as a representative of the meaning of the existence of religion and the religious language as the embodiment of manifestations of religion in the socio-cultural context. The religious language, which is objectified in the everyday language of Orthodox believers, includes a set of language units and lexical-semantic constructions peculiar to the church-religious sphere. At the same time, the everyday language of believers is characterized by coexistence of lexical units of sacred and national languages, an appeal to the emotional sphere of believers, and the use of verbal and non-verbal means of communication.
The everyday language of Orthodox believers includes theological terms, church Slavonicisms, archaisms, historicisms, borrowed words. It also contains the phenomena of polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and acts as an additional means of communication in the context of social interactions.
Strategi Pengelolaan Instagram @indonesiabaik.id Sebagai Media Informasi Publik oleh Kominfo
Authors: Agung Muhammad Kurnia , Safitri Dini , Sary Marisa Puspita
Published: November 2024

Instagram @indonesiabaik.id is a social media managed by the Ministry of Communication and Information, a social media management strategy is needed as a public information medium. This study aims to find out how to implement the strategy used by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics in managing social media Instagram @indonesiabaik.id, this is examined through the theory of four steps of public relations in processing the data obtained to achieve the expected research objectives. The research method used is a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis techniques, data obtained came from in-depth interviews with informants. The results obtained from the data processed in this study show that the Instagram social media management strategy used by @indonesiabaik.id is in accordance with what is contained in the four steps of public relations theory, this can be seen from the processes and activities carried out in managing Instagram @indonesiabaik.id when defining problems, planning and compiling programs, taking action and communicating, and in carrying out program evaluations that are in accordance with the theory used in this study as a reference.
Keywords: communication strategy, social media, Instagram, information media, qualitative
Stylistic Horizons in Political Addresses of US President Barak Obama
Authors: Hameed Alkhafaji Hameed Abdulameer
Published: November 2024

The primary purpose of this research was to analyze President Obama's political speeches to determine the rhetorical methods and stylistic elements he uses to capture the audience's attention and convey his message. Analysis of President Obama's speeches revealed trends in rhetorical strategies and provided insight into stylistic elements that might amplify the impact of one's words. Content analysis, which encompasses generalization and assessment of outcomes, was selected as the methodology for the research. The study's findings highlighted the importance of stylistic devices in appealing to and manipulating listeners' emotions.
Differentiated Instruction in English Language Teaching: Meeting the Needs of All Students
Authors: Mahdi Ghaith Salih , Sabbar Mahmood Shakir , Abbas Dhuha Fadhil
Published: November 2024

An approach to teaching English as a second language (ESL) that takes into account the wide range of student backgrounds, talents, and requirements is known as differentiated instruction. This approach modifies lesson plans, course materials, and evaluation tools to accommodate students' unique learning styles. The goal is to make school a welcoming place where all students can thrive and develop to their maximum potential. This study delves into the theory and practice of ELT differentiated instruction, looking at how it might boost student engagement, motivation, and performance. We review some differentiation tactics, like tiered assignments, personalized feedback, and flexible grouping, and show you how to use them in an English language teaching setting. We also discuss potential problems that educators may have and how to fix them so that differentiated teaching can be more widely used. This paper reviews recent research and case studies to show how varied instruction can help ELT become more learner-centered. Differentiated education promotes academic success and an inclusive classroom culture by catering to each student's unique requirements.
Content-based Face Color Image Retrieval using Multi-feature Fusion Extractor Methods
Authors: Ahmad Tarmizi Syaidatus Syahira , Suriani Nor Surayahani , Md. Taujuddin Nik Shahidah Afifi , Md Sahar Nan , Wang Xin
Published: November 2024

The retrieval of visual image content has been the most active research in various applications. In this paper, the benchmark datasets have been used as a fast screening process for extracting representative facial features. Despite extracting relevant features information from the entire face, local features focused on the segmented regional area have proved to be more effective as suggested in the literature search. In doing so, four labeled region area was chosen before it was combined together to create a new sample image as input data for further analysis. To enhance the image representation, variational color spaces conversion are used and the first four color moments are selected for acquiring color information about the image. Also, the main five texture features are concatenated later with the color moments to analyze the complementary effects of color features in texture. In total, the nine selections of feature fusion methods have been presented, whereas the high dimensional space has been through the dimensional reduction process. The experimental result demonstrates that higher image content retrieval accuracy can be obtained by applying the CM+BSIF feature for YCbCr thermal image (0.4688 ± 0.1481) and CM+BSIF+Tamura for HSV visible image (0.4631 ± 0.1512).
Machine Learning Based Decision Support System for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Çakar İlker , Kürşad UÇAR Muhammed
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is among the most prevalent diseases encountered among women worldwide. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is crucial for the treatment of the disease. Detecting the disease at an early stage prevents deaths resulting from the condition. Recently, computer-aided systems have been developed to ensure early-stage diagnosis and accuracy of breast cancer. Computer-aided systems developed with machine learning approaches significantly contribute to the process of diagnosing breast cancer. The aim of this study is to propose a new classification system based on machine learning algorithms developed for the diagnosis of breast cancer. In this study, sub-data sets were created by reducing features, and data cleaning processes were applied. After these procedures, stages such as feature selection and feature extraction were applied. In this study, classification processes such as Ensemble, k- Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Hybrid Artificial Intelligence were used in line with machine learning. With the obtained results, a Breast Cancer diagnosis algorithm was created. Performance evaluation criteria such as accuracy rate, specificity, sensitivity, kappa number and F-Measure were applied to the created algorithms. In the results obtained in this study, the highest accuracy rate was found to be 99.3% with the Ensemble method, the highest specificity rate was 98.7% with the Ensemble method, and the highest sensitivity rate was found to be 100% with many methods. In light of these results, it was observed that the machine learning algorithms used in this study, implemented in the Matlab environment, were effective. Consequently, it was proven that higher accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity rates can be found with different machine learning techniques. This also demonstrates that the study in our article is a reliable one in detecting diseased and healthy individuals in the diagnosis of breast cancer, showing that it is a more applicable and feasible study in the healthcare field.
Exploring the Essential Higher Order Cognitive Skills (HOCS) for the Employability of Engineering Graduates in Bangladesh
Authors: Nazim Obayed Syed
Published: November 2024

Employability of engineering graduates is largely impacted by their higher order cognitive skills. In addition to their academic knowledge and technical capabilities, graduates need HOCS. Employers give a larger value on HOCS than on technical abilities. For career-long employment sustainability, these skills are essential success factors. Employability is significantly correlated with HOCS. To succeed in the job, engineers require HOCS. Technical skills are valued by employers throughout the hiring process, but as engineering careers progress, employers give more emphasis on HOCS. However, not every level of a person's career requires the same set of HOCS. At a certain point in a career, employers look for different HOCS. Starting with early career, moving through mid-career, and ending with advanced career, this research attempts to uncover those HOCS accountable for workplace success meeting employer’s expectations. Both graduates with a diploma and a bachelor's degree in engineering have been covered by this study. The majority of engineers share the same Intelligent Quotient (IQ) on an average. Technical skill gaps are easily bridged with quick trainings. The only things that set engineers apart from the masses are HOCS, which are primarily higher order brain-based executive functions. Employability is influenced by numerous factors. Only the employability's absolute dimension is the subject of the inquiry. Absolute dimension is contingent upon the candidate’s skill sets. It is true that having technical abilities is a requirement for employment. But in addition to technical skills, modern employers now prioritize HOCS. It is an indisputable fact that engineer’s HOCS play a major role in their Annual Compensation Review (ACR). The study identifies 14 distinct HOCS that engineers need. Since not all skills are equally valuable at every point of a career, they are grouped according to career stage.
State Drainage Laws Muddy the Goals of the US Clean Water Act (1972)
Authors: Banerjee Poushalee , Shirey Patrick D.
Published: November 2024

The US Congress passed the Clean Water Act in 1972 to protect and restore America's waterbodies by regulating pollutant discharges from point sources such as industrial plants and sewer pipes. Over the years, Congress expanded the law to include non-point sources like polluted runoff from roads and agricultural areas. However, routine agriculture drainage maintenance activities, like continuously farmed wetlands and drainage ditch dredging, are exempted under the Clean Water Act. These exemptions allow sediment pollution to continue to be a major issue in agricultural streams and waterbodies managed by drainage districts.

We examine the shortcomings of the Clean Water Act to address sediment pollution from the perspective of routine agricultural activities like drainage ditch maintenance and offer policy recommendations to mitigate its impacts. We discuss the exclusion of agricultural sediment originating from these activities as a major non-point pollution source under the Clean Water Act, the consequences of sediment pollution on aquatic ecosystems and stream water quality in agricultural streams, and the need for monitoring and regulation of sediment discharge from farming practices. In our analysis, we also consider the interaction between the state drainage laws and federal regulations. Finally, we seek to address gaps in the current regulatory structure and offer suggestions regarding better protection of water quality and ecosystem health in drainage districts.
Navigating the Post-Dobbs Landscape: A Roadmap for Interstate Abortion Care
Authors: Fors Stella A. , Myers Alexis R. , de Jong Marlotte C.L. , Sutton Meredith K. , Vicente Sophia
Published: November 2024

n June 2022, the Supreme Court issued an unprecedented ruling in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson, revoking the constitutional right to abortion for the first time in 50 years. To date, fourteen U.S. states have completely banned abortion. Consequently, individuals residing in states with restrictive legislation are forced to travel to neighboring states to access abortion care and other reproductive services. Extended travel time disproportionately affects individuals from communities of color, low-income patients, and rural residents, increasing the risk for maternal health complications and death. The United States holds the highest maternal mortality rate among developed nations, with 33 deaths per 100,000 births (Katella 2023). Alarmingly, 84% of these deaths are considered preventable (Katella 2023). Thus, it is imperative that state healthcare policymakers prioritize equitable access to comprehensive reproductive healthcare for all patients (Katella 2023). This care should incorporate strategies to decrease on-site patient volume, such as implementing shield laws to protect abortion providers treating out-of-state patients, enhancing telehealth services for abortion medication services, and incentivizing the establishment of physical infrastructure. For state officials in destination states, specifically the 23 governors of the non-partisan Reproductive Freedom Alliance, we recommend immediately prioritizing the establishment and anticipated enforcement of provider shield laws. To ensure widespread and equitable access to reproductive healthcare services, a more robust three-tiered approach is outlined herein, prioritizing: (1) shield laws, (2) telehealth services, and (3) physical infrastructure.
Decarbonization of Nitrogen Fertilizers, from Production to Runoff: A Policy Memo
Authors: Delgado Luis , Klemm Mason , Milia Matias , Rudelis Alyssa , Sinkler Emilie
Published: November 2024

Decarbonization of agriculture is critical to reshaping the U.S. economy as climate-resilient and less carbon-intensive. Decarbonizing nitrogen fertilizers specifically is increasingly important for the U.S. to achieve its climate targets while feeding a growing population in a changing climate, as around 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions result from nitrogen fertilizers alone. Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from fertilizer come from non-renewable energy use, chemical processes, transportation, and on-farm applications. These emissions typically take the form of carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gasses. To reduce emissions from nitrogen fertilizers, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Department of Energy (DOE) should 1) create federal regulations for nitrogen fertilizer use, 2) provide financial incentives for farmers transitioning to less-intensive nitrogen fertilizer use, and 3) create a research grant solicitation focused on regional methods for reducing nitrogen fertilizer use and the creation of green hydrogen.
Beyond Electric Vehicles: Recommendations for State and Municipal Policymakers to Ensure a Sustainable Transportation Future
Authors: Spangler Ryan , Kundu Sudipta , White Trevor , Parekh Varun Darshana
Published: November 2024

Electric vehicles have rapidly become a primary component of the US’s strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the severity of climate change. While it will surely serve an important role, EV technological advancement alone is far from a silver bullet to solve all transportation-related climate woes. On the contrary, the formidable degree of electrification necessary to meet climate goals, paired with the rapid development of clean power grids and the immense quantity of critical minerals such as lithium and cobalt needed to power this transition, is a cause for concern over the feasibility of a strategy relying fundamentally on electric vehicles. A more comprehensive, impactful, and sustainable strategy would target the car-centric foundations of US culture to make electrification more attainable while also reducing the per-vehicle resource burden and promoting more sustainable battery alternatives.
Thinking of and with Another: Caring for Schreiner in the Time of COVID
Authors: Black Barbara
Published: November 2024

Olive Schreiner’s elusive, unfinished novel
From Man to Man
is a timely text as it engages with questions pertaining to survival and healing. In today’s pandemic world, care and community – specifically, how much we need both, and what is lost when either is missing, or fails – have proven essential. This article presents a close reading of a ‘specially loved’ novel, an Anglo-South African’s challenging examination of gender, race, and class inequities. Schreiner’s imaginative effort toward justice, toward the goal of collective flourishing, guides this reparative reading to vaster insight pertaining to interpretive practice, academic community, kinship, and social change.
Searching for GEMS: Characterizing Six Giant Planets Around Cool Dwarfs
Authors: Kanodia Shubham , Gupta Arvind F. , Cañas Caleb I. , Bernabò Lia Marta , Reji Varghese , Han Te , Brady Madison , Seifahrt Andreas , Cochran William D. , Morrell Nidia , Basant Ritvik , Bean Jacob , Bender Chad F. , de Beurs Zoë L. , Bieryla Allyson , Birkholz Alexina , Brown Nina , Chapman Franklin , Ciardi David R. , Clark Catherine A. , Cotter Ethan G. , Diddams Scott A. , Halverson Samuel , Hawley Suzanne , Hebb Leslie , Holcomb Rae , Howell Steve B. , Kobulnicky Henry A. , Kowalski Adam F. , Larsen Alexander , Libby-Roberts Jessica , Lin Andrea S. J. , Lund Michael B. , Luque Rafael , Monson Andrew , Ninan Joe P. , Parker Brock A. , Patel Nishka , Rodruck Michael , Ross Gabrielle , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Stefánsson Guđmundur , Thoms Aubrie , Vanderburg Andrew
Published: November 2024

Transiting giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars (GEMS) are rare, owing to the low-mass host stars. However, the all-sky coverage of TESS has enabled the detection of an increasingly large number of them to enable statistical surveys like the Searching for GEMS survey. As part of this endeavor, we describe the observations of six transiting giant planets, which include precise mass measurements for two GEMS (K2-419Ab, TOI-6034b) and statistical validation for four systems, which includes validation and mass upper limits for three of them (TOI-5218b, TOI-5616b, TOI-5634Ab), while the fourth one—TOI-5414b is classified as a “likely planet.” Our observations include radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder on the Hobby–Eberly Telescope, and MAROON-X on Gemini-North, along with photometry and high-contrast imaging from multiple ground-based facilities. In addition to TESS photometry, K2-419Ab was also observed and statistically validated as part of the K2 mission in Campaigns 5 and 18, which provide precise orbital and planetary constraints despite the faint host star and long orbital period of ∼20.4 days. With an equilibrium temperature of only 380 K, K2-419Ab is one of the coolest known well-characterized transiting planets. TOI-6034 has a late F-type companion about 40″ away, making it the first GEMS host star to have an earlier main-sequence binary companion. These confirmations add to the existing small sample of confirmed transiting GEMS.
Forecasting Constraints from Surface Brightness Fluctuations in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Romero Charles E.
Published: November 2024

Studies of surface brightness (SB) fluctuations in the intracluster medium present an indirect estimate of turbulent pressure support and associated Mach numbers. While high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy can directly constrain line-of-sight gas motions, including those due to turbulence, such observations are relatively expensive and will be limited to nearby, bright clusters. In this respect, SB fluctuations are the most economical means to constrain turbulent motions at large cluster radii across a range of redshifts and masses. To forecast what current and future X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich facilities may achieve in SB fluctuation studies, I review and synthesize matters of accuracy and precision with respect to calculating power spectra of SB fluctuations, from which turbulent properties are derived. Balancing concerns of power spectrum accuracy and precision across a range of spatial scales, I propose the use of three annuli with [0, 0.4]R
500, [0.4, 1]R
500, and [1, 1.5]R
500. Adopting these three regions, I calculate the uncertainty in the hydrostatic mass bias,

σ

b

M

, that can be achieved for various instruments in several scenarios. I find that Lynx and AtLAST are competitive in their constraints at R
500, while AtLAST should perform better when constraining

σ

b

M

at R
200.
No Redshift Evolution in the Fe ii/Mg ii Flux Ratios of Quasars across Cosmic Time
Authors: Jiang Danyang , Onoue Masafusa , Jiang Linhua , Lai Samuel , Bañados Eduardo , Becker George D. , Bischetti Manuela , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Davies Rebecca L. , D’Odorico Valentina , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Haehnelt Martin G. , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Schindler Jan-Torge , Walter Fabian , Zhu Yongda
Published: November 2024

The Fe ii/Mg ii emission line flux ratio in quasar spectra serves as a proxy for the relative Fe to α-element abundances in the broad-line regions of quasars. Due to the expected different enrichment timescales of the two elements, they can be used as a cosmic clock in the early Universe. We present a study of the Fe ii/Mg ii ratios in a sample of luminous quasars exploiting high-quality near-IR spectra taken primarily by the XQR-30 program with VLT XSHOOTER. These quasars have a median bolometric luminosity of log(L
bol[erg s−1]) ∼ 47.3 and cover a redshift range of z = 6.0–6.6. The median value of the measured Fe ii/Mg ii ratios is ∼7.9 with a normalized median absolute deviation of ∼2.2. In order to trace the cosmic evolution of Fe ii/Mg ii in an unbiased manner, we select two comparison samples of quasars with similar luminosities and high-quality spectra from the literature, one at intermediate redshifts (z = 3.5–4.8) and the other at low redshifts (z = 1.0–2.0). We perform the same spectral analysis for all these quasars, including the usage of the same iron template, the same spectral fitting method, and the same wavelength fitting windows. We find no significant redshift evolution in the Fe ii/Mg ii ratio over the wide redshift range from z = 1 to 6.6. The result is consistent with previous studies and supports the scenario of a rapid iron enrichment in the vicinity of accreting supermassive black holes at high redshift.
The Australian Museum and Friends of Lord Howe survey of large Coleoptera on Lord Howe Island, August 2022
Authors: Reid Chris A.M. , Hutton Ian , Reid Ewan C.A.
Published: November 2024

A survey of large beetles, one centimetre or more in length, on Lord Howe Island, was conducted in August 2022 and the results are discussed. In total, 32 large species were found. This was the first survey made at least one beetle generation after eradication of the rodents in 2019, and there was some evidence of recovery, in particular of the large flightless endemic cerambycid, Xylotoles wollastoni (White, 1856), but also of a leaf beetle, Dematochroma picea (Baly, 1864) and an exotic pest of lawns, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775). There was also evidence of recovery of Carabidae species after the prolonged dry years of 2016 to 2019.
A novel adaptive safe semi-supervised learning framework for pattern extraction and classification
Authors: Ma Jun , Li Junjie , Sun Jiachen
Published: November 2024

Manifold regularization semi-supervised learning is a powerful graph-based semi-supervised learning method. However, the performance of semi-supervised learning methods based on manifold regularization depends to some extent on the quality of the manifold graph and unlabeled samples. Intuitively speaking, the quality of the graph directly affects the final classification performance of the model. In response to the above problems, this paper first proposed an adaptive safety semi-supervised learning framework. The framework implements the weight assignment of the self-similarity graph during the model learning process. In order to adapt to the learning needs, accelerate the learning speed, and avoid the impact of the curse of dimensionality, the framework also optimizes the features of each sample point through an automatic weighting mechanism to extract effective features and eliminate redundant information in the learning task. In addition, the framework defines an adaptive risk measurement mechanism for the uncertainty and potential risks of unlabeled samples to determine the degree of risk of unlabeled samples. Finally, a new adaptive safe semi-supervised extreme learning machine was proposed. Comprehensive experimental results across various class imbalance scenarios demonstrated that our proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of classification accuracy, and other critical performance metrics.