bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 10-GS/s 6-Bit Track-and-Hold Amplifier for Time-Interleaved SAR ADCs in 65-nm CMOS
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Dengquan , Zhu Zhangming , Yang Yintang
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a 10-GS/s 6-bit track-and-hold amplifier (THA), which is designed for a 16-way time-interleaved successive approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC). To extend the bandwidth, a differential source-degenerated common-source amplifier with peaking inductance is adopted as an input buffer. A switched source follower master track-and-hold stage samples the 800-mVPP differential input signal at 10[Formula: see text]GHz. Moreover, the THA cancels the feed-through in hold mode by a clock-controlled transistor. The proposed THA is simulated in 65-nm CMOS technology. It operates with 1.8/1.2-V supply and consumes 84.8[Formula: see text]mW. At a sampling rate of 10[Formula: see text]GS/s, [Formula: see text]41-dB total harmonic distortion (THD) is achieved with input frequencies up to 5[Formula: see text]GHz.
Improving the Accuracy of Integer Signedness Error Detection Using Data Flow Analysis
Authors: Sun Hao , Su Chao , Wang Yue , Zeng Qingkai
Published: March 2016

Integer signedness errors can be exploited by adversaries to cause severe damages to computer systems. Despite the significant advances in automating the detection of integer signedness errors, accurately differentiating exploitable and harmful signedness errors from unharmful ones is an important challenge. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of SignFlow, an instrumentation-based integer signedness error detector to reduce the reports for unharmful signedness errors. SignFlow first utilizes static data flow analysis to identify unharmful integer sign conversions from the view of where the source operands originate and whether the conversion results can propagate to security-related program points, and then inserts security checks for the remaining conversions so as to accomplish runtime protection. We evaluated SignFlow on 8 real-world harmful integer signedness bugs, SPECint 2006 benchmarks together with 5 real-world applications. The experimental results show that SignFlow correctly detected all harmful integer signedness bugs (i.e. no false negatives) and achieved a reduction of 41% in false positives over IntFlow, the state of the art.
The CoCoME Platform: A Research Note on Empirical Studies in Information System Evolution
Authors: Heinrich Robert , Gärtner Stefan , Hesse Tom-Michael , Ruhroth Thomas , Reussner Ralf , Schneider Kurt , Paech Barbara , Jürjens Jan
Published: March 2016

Methods for supporting evolution of software-intensive systems are a competitive edge in software engineering as software is often operated over decades. Empirical research is useful to validate the effectiveness of these methods. However, empirical studies on software evolution are rarely comprehensive and hardly replicable. Collaboration may prevent these shortcomings. We designed CoCoMEP — a platform for supporting collaboration in empirical research on software evolution by shared knowledge. We report lessons learned from the application of the platform in a large research programme.
Note on Milnor’s μ¯- and μ∗-invariants of links
Authors: Wada Kodai
Published: March 2016

Milnor defined two kinds of link-homotopy invariants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. By definition it would seem that the [Formula: see text]-invariant is weaker than the [Formula: see text]-invariant. In this paper, we show that this is indeed the case by giving an example of length greater than 4 where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For non-repeated sequences of length not greater than 4, Milnor has shown that [Formula: see text].
Superresonance phenomenon from acoustic black holes in neo-Newtonian theory
Authors: Salako I. G. , Jawad Abdul
Published: March 2016

We explore the possibility of the acoustic analogue of a super-radiance like phenomenon, i.e. the amplification of a sound wave by reflection from the ergo-region of a rotating acoustic black hole in the fluid draining bathtub model in the presence of the pressure to be amplified or reduced in agreement with the value of the parameter [Formula: see text]. We remark that the interval of frequencies depend upon the neo-Newtonian parameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and becomes narrow in this work. As a consequence, the tuning of the neo-Newtonian parameter [Formula: see text] changes the rate of loss of the acoustic black hole mass.
On Henriksen rings
Authors: Mahdou Najib , Zennayi Mohammed
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we establish the transfer of the notion of Henriksen rings to direct products, trivial ring extensions, pullbacks and the amalgamation of rings. Our result generate new class of non-adequate Henriksen rings.
Generalized Canonical Isomorphisms on Determinant
Authors: Chen Jianke
Published: March 2016

In this paper we define tensor modules (sheaves) of Schur type and of generalized Schur type associated with given modules (sheaves), using the so-called Schur functors. According to the functorial property, we give a series of tensor modules (sheaves) of Schur types in a categorical description. The main conclusion is that, by using basic ideas of algebraic geometry, there exists a canonical isomorphism of different tensor modules (sheaves) of Schur types if the original sheaf is locally free, which is in fact a generalization of results in linear algebra into locally free sheaves.
On Direct Limits of Finite Products of Fields as Subrings of a Commutative Ring
Authors: Karim D.
Published: March 2016

Let R be a commutative ring. In this paper, we develop the existence of direct limits of finite products of fields as subrings of R.
The Influence of the Number of Non-(sub)normal Non-abelian Subgroups on Solvability of Finite Groups
Authors: Shi Jiangtao , Zhang Cui
Published: March 2016

We obtain some sufficient conditions on the number of non-(sub)normal non-abelian subgroups of a finite group to be solvable, which extend a result of Shi and Zhang in 2011.
Effect of acoustic pulses and EHF radiation on multipotent marrow stromal cells in tissue engineering constructs
Authors: Chailakhyan R. K. , Yusupov V. I. , Gorskaya Yu. F. , Kuralesova A. I. , Gerasimov Yu. V. , Sviridov A. P. , Tambiev A. Kh. , Vorobieva N. N. , Grosheva A. G. , Shishkova V. V. , Moskvina I. L. , Bagratashvili V. N.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we studied the effects of physical factors, such as, acoustic pulses of laser-induced hydrodynamics (ALIH) and extremely-high frequencies (EHF) radiation, on the formation of heterotopic bone marrow organs. A suspension of precipitated bone marrow cells from CBA mice were exposed to ALIH pulses and EHF radiation separately and in their combination tissue engineering constructs, presenting gelatin sponges 2 by 2 by 2[Formula: see text]mm in size containing 107 nucleated bone marrow cells, were exposed to physical factors and were implanted under the renal capsules of syngeneic mice. The newly formed hematopoietic organs were examined in three and five months later after treatment. The five months old transplants were bigger in size than the three months old transplants. The number of hematopoietic cells in the rest of the groups increased during this period by a factor from 3 to 10, the increase being as high as 20-fold in the ALIH[Formula: see text]EHF group. Maximal concentration of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) was in the EHF[Formula: see text]ALIH, and minimal concentration was in the ALIH[Formula: see text]EHF. The accumulation rate of bone capsule weight was highest for the transplants of EHF[Formula: see text]ALIH and ALIH-sponge groups during the first three months.

These data showed that the combined impact of the EHF[Formula: see text]ALIH on MSCs is the most effective for the formation of bone marrow transplantation.
Modelling lava flow advance using a shallow-depth approximation for three-dimensional cooling of viscoplastic flows
Authors: Bernabeu Noé , Saramito Pierre , Smutek Claude
Published: March 2016

A new shallow-depth approximation model for lava flow advance and cooling on a quantized topography is presented in this paper. To apply the model, lava rheology is described using a non-isothermal three-dimensional viscoplastic fluid in which the rheological properties are assumed to be temperature dependent. Asymptotic analysis allows a three-dimensional flow scenario to be reduced to a two-dimensional problem using depth-averaged equations. These equations are numerically approximated by an autoadaptive finite element method, based on the Rheolef C++ library, which allows economy of computational time. Here, the proposed approach is first evaluated by comparing numerical output with non-isothermal experimental results for a flow of silicon oil. Finally, the December 2010 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island) is numerically reproduced and compared with available data.
On the detection and monitoring of effusive eruptions using satellite SO
2
measurements
Authors: Carn S. A.
Published: March 2016

Timely detection and quantification of lava effusion rates are crucial for volcanic hazard mitigation during effusive eruptions. Satellite-based detection methods typically exploit the exceptional radiant heat fluxes associated with lava effusion, but effusive eruptions can also emit prodigious amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO
2
). Measuring the magnitude and temporal evolution of SO
2
emissions provides an additional means for monitoring effusive eruptions, complementing thermal monitoring. Examples of effusive eruptions detected since 1978 using ultraviolet (UV) satellite measurements of SO
2
emissions by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) are reviewed. During many effusive eruptions, trends in SO
2
production mimic the classic waxing–waning pattern characteristic of such events that is also seen in thermal infrared (TIR) hotspot data, suggesting a qualitative link between SO
2
emissions and lava effusion rates. An example of lava effusion rate calculation based on TOMS SO
2
measurements is presented for the 1998 eruption of Cerro Azul (Galápagos Islands), for which detailed eruption observations and independent estimates of effusion rates are available. Combining TOMS-derived SO
2
emission rates with estimates of sulphur content in Cerro Azul lavas yields lava effusion rates almost identical to independently derived values, demonstrating the utility of the technique.
Downregulation of miR-384-5p attenuates rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Jiang Mingfang , Yun Qiang , Shi Feng , Niu Guangming , Gao Yang , Xie Shenghui , Yu Shengyuan
Published: March 2016

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process involved in PD remains poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that miR-384-5p plays an important role for cell survival in response to different insults, but the role of miR-384-5p in PD-associated neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-384-5p in an in vitro model of PD using dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells treated with rotenone. We found that miR-384-5p was persistently induced by rotenone in neurons. Also, the inhibition of miR-384-5p significantly suppressed rotenone-induced neurotoxicity, while overexpression of miR-384-5p aggravated rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. Through bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay, miR-384-5p was found to directly target the 3′-untranslated region of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), the master regulator of ER stress sensors. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis showed that miR-384-5p negatively regulated the expression of GRP78. Inhibition of miR-384-5p remarkably suppressed rotenone-evoked ER stress, which was evident by a reduction in the phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α). The downstream target genes of ER stress including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) and X box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1) were also decreased by the miR-384-5p inhibitor. In contrast, overexpression of miR-384-5p enhanced ER stress signaling. In addition, knockdown of GRP78 significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-384-5p inhibitors on cell apoptosis and ER stress signaling. Moreover, we observed a significant increase of miR-384-5p expression in primary neurons induced by rotenone. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-384-5p mediated ER stress by negatively regulating GRP78 and that miR-384-5p inhibition might be a novel and promising approach for the treatment of PD.
Toward improved phosphorus efficiency in monogastrics—interplay of serum, minerals, bone, and immune system after divergent dietary phosphorus supply in swine
Authors: Oster Michael , Just Franziska , Büsing Kirsten , Wolf Petra , Polley Christian , Vollmar Brigitte , Muráni Eduard , Ponsuksili Siriluck , Wimmers Klaus
Published: March 2016

Phosphorus (P) is of vital importance for many aspects of metabolism, including bone mineralization, blood buffering, and energy utilization. In order to identify molecular routes affecting intrinsic P utilization, we address processes covering P intake, uptake, metabolism, and excretion. In particular, the interrelation of bone tissue and immune features is of interest to approximate P intake to animal's physiology and health status. German Landrace piglets received different levels of digestible phosphorus: recommended, higher, or lower amounts. At multiple time points, relevant serum parameters were analyzed and radiologic studies on bone characteristics were performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected to assess differential gene expression. Dietary differences were reflected by serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. Bone reorganization was persistently affected as shown by microstructural parameters, cathepsin K levels, and transcripts associated with bone formation. Moreover, blood expression patterns revealed a link to immune response, highlighting bidirectional loops comprising bone formation and immune features, where the receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor-activator of NF-κB kinase system may play a prominent role. The modulated P supplementation provoked considerable organismal plasticity. Genes found to be differentially expressed due to variable P supply are involved in pathways relevant to P utilization and are potential candidate genes for improved P efficiency.
Endometrial gene expression in high- and low-fertility heifers in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle and a comparison with midluteal gene expression
Authors: Killeen Aideen P. , Diskin Michael G. , Morris Dermot G. , Kenny David A. , Waters Sinéad M.
Published: March 2016

Embryonic mortality is a major constraint to improving reproductive efficiency and profitability in livestock enterprises. We previously reported differential expression of genes with identified roles in cellular growth and proliferation, lipid metabolism, endometrial remodeling, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolic exchange in endometrial tissue on day 7 of the estrous cycle (D7), between heifers ranked as either high (HF) or low (LF) for fertility. The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to early embryo loss by examining differential endometrial gene expression in HF or LF heifers at a later stage of the estrous cycle; day 14 (D14). A second objective was to compare these expression profiles with those from midluteal HF and LF endometrium. Using the same animal model as employed in the previous study, we slaughtered HF and LF animals on D14, harvested endometrial tissue, and carried out global gene expression analysis using the Affymetrix Bovine GeneChip. Microarray analysis detected 430 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between HF and LF animals. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed enrichment for a host of biological pathways including lipid metabolism, molecular transport, immune response, cell morphology and development, and cell growth and proliferation. Important DEG included ALB, BMPR2, CCL28, COL4A3/4, FADS1, ITGA6, LDLR, PLCB3, PPARG, PTGS2, and SLC27A4. Furthermore, DEG expressed on both D7 and D14 included: PCCB, SLC25A24, DAP, and COL4A4. This study highlights some of the pathways and mechanisms underpinning late luteal bovine endometrial physiology and endometrial-related conception rate variance.
Fear Memory
Authors: Izquierdo Ivan , Furini Cristiane R. G. , Myskiw Jociane C.
Published: March 2016

Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past 60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning and fear conditioning to a tone) and one instrumental procedure (one-trial inhibitory avoidance). Fear memory is formed in the hippocampus (contextual conditioning and inhibitory avoidance), in the basolateral amygdala (inhibitory avoidance), and in the lateral amygdala (conditioning to a tone). The circuitry involves, in addition, the pre- and infralimbic ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the central amygdala subnuclei, and the dentate gyrus. Fear learning models, notably inhibitory avoidance, have also been very useful for the analysis of the biochemical mechanisms of memory consolidation as a whole. These studies have capitalized on in vitro observations on long-term potentiation and other kinds of plasticity. The effect of a very large number of drugs on fear learning has been intensively studied, often as a prelude to the investigation of effects on anxiety. The extinction of fear learning involves to an extent a reversal of the flow of information in the mentioned structures and is used in the therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder and fear memories in general.
Robust Stability and Stabilization of a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems with Interval Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Liang Shuang , Dong Yali
Published: March 2016

This paper deals with the problems of the robust stochastic stability and stabilization for a class of uncertain discrete-time stochastic systems with interval time-varying delays and nonlinear disturbances. By utilizing a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and some well-known inequalities, some new delay-dependent criteria are developed to guarantee the robust stochastic stability of a class of uncertain discrete-time stochastic systems in terms of the linear matrix inequality (LMI). Then based on the state feedback controller, the delay-dependent sufficient conditions of robust stochastic stabilization for a class of uncertain discrete-time stochastic systems with interval time-varying delays are established. The controller gain is designed to ensure the robust stochastic stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Exercising Tactically for Taming Postmeal Glucose Surges
Authors: Chacko Elsamma
Published: March 2016

This review seeks to synthesize data on the timing, intensity, and duration of exercise found scattered over some 39 studies spanning 3+ decades into optimal exercise conditions for controlling postmeal glucose surges. The results show that a light aerobic exercise for 60 min or moderate activity for 20–30 min starting 30 min after meal can efficiently blunt the glucose surge, with minimal risk of hypoglycemia. Exercising at other times could lead to glucose elevation caused by counterregulation. Adding a short bout of resistance exercise of moderate intensity (60%–80%  VO2max) to the aerobic activity, 2 or 3 times a week as recommended by the current guidelines, may also help with the lowering of glucose surges. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise (>80%  VO2max) causes wide glucose fluctuations and its feasibility and efficacy for glucose regulation remain to be ascertained. Promoting the kind of physical activity that best counters postmeal hyperglycemia is crucial because hundreds of millions of diabetes patients living in developing countries and in the pockets of poverty in the West must do without medicines, supplies, and special diets. Physical activity is the one tool they may readily utilize to tame postmeal glucose surges. Exercising in this manner does not violate any of the current guidelines, which encourage exercise any time.
Acquired Localized Hypertrichosis Induced by Rivastigmine
Authors: Imbernón-Moya Adrian , Podlipnik Sebastian , Burgos Fernando , Vargas-Laguna Elena , Aguilar-Martínez Antonio , Fernández-Cogolludo Eva , Gallego-Valdes Miguel Angel
Published: March 2016

Hypertrichosis is the excessive hair growth in any area of the skin surface. Acquired localized hypertrichosis may be secondary to multiple causes and there is a secondary form due to several drugs, which is usually reversible with discontinuation of the causative agent. Rivastigmine is a reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase used for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer dementia and Parkinson’s disease. It has an adequate safety profile and cutaneous side effects are unusual. Irritant contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, baboon syndrome, and cutaneous rash due to rivastigmine have been reported. We report on a Caucasian 80-year-old male with personal history of Alzheimer’s disease. The patient started therapy with oral rivastigmine one month prior to clinical presentation of localized hypertrichosis on both forearms. Norgalanthamine has been shown to promote hair growth activity via the proliferation of dermal papilla. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can induce hair growth.
Optimal Decisions for Adoption of Item-Level RFID in a Retail Supply Chain with Inventory Shrinkage under CVaR Criterion
Authors: Xu Chunming , Zhao Daozhi
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the effect of item-level RFID on inventory shrinkage in the retail supply chain, which consists of a risk-neutral manufacturer and a risk-averse retailer. Under conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) criterion, two different supply chain settings are discussed as follows. In the centralized setting, we develop the models in both RFID case and no RFID case, respectively. Comparisons between the two cases are made. In particular, a sufficient condition is given to judge whether to adopt item-level RFID. In the decentralized setting, we focus on discussing two different contract types including wholesale price contact and revenue sharing contract. Finally, number examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the proposed models. The results show that, for the centralized system, the sales-available rate, the recovery rate, and the tag cost are mainly the driving factors in evaluating the benefit of an item-level RFID. In particular, when the sales-available rate and the tag cost are quite small and the recovery rate is higher, the supply chain partners’ profits obtained by investment for RFID are improved significantly. For the decentralized system, under revenue sharing contract, Pareto improving outcome and coaffording risk can be achieved if the retailer sets an appropriate parameter for the manufacturer.
Bionic Optimization Based Stability and Congestion Aware Routing Algorithm for Airborne Highly Dynamic Network
Authors: Yu Yunlong , Ru Le , Mao Sheng , Sun Kangning , Yu Qiangqiang , Fang Kun
Published: March 2016

Airborne highly dynamic ad hoc UAV network has features of high node mobility, fast changing network topology, and complex application environment. The performance of traditional routing algorithms is so poor over aspects such as end to end delay, data packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead that they cannot provide efficient communication for multi-UAVs carrying out missions synergistically. A bionic optimization based stability and congestion aware routing algorithm—BSCAR algorithm—is proposed to solve these problems. This algorithm integrates biological behavior and dynamic source routing algorithm, which can sense the congestion level of routes and the stability of routes. Ant colony optimization algorithm and the mathematical model of Physarum's behavior exert effort in the process of route discovery and maintenance. The level of pheromone in routes is chosen as a standard to choose route and calculated by the mathematical model of Physarum's behavior. A new volatilization mechanism of pheromone is also introduced into the algorithm. Meanwhile, the algorithm can make adjustment to the variance of UAV formation to prevent the compromise of the network performance. The simulation results show that the BSCAR algorithm has superiority over traditional algorithms and it is dependable in battlefield environment.
Enhanced Instantaneous Power Theory with Average Algorithm for Indirect Current Controlled Three-Level Inverter-Based Shunt Active Power Filter under Dynamic State Conditions
Authors: Hoon Yap , Mohd Radzi Mohd Amran , Hassan Mohd Khair , Mailah Nashiren Farzilah
Published: March 2016

An enhanced harmonics extraction algorithm based on Instantaneous Power (PQ) Theory is proposed for indirect current controlled (ICC) three-level neutral point diode clamped (NPC) inverter-based shunt active power filter (SAPF). SAPF is famous in current harmonics mitigation for its flexibility in dealing with dynamic state conditions. As for its controller, PQ Theory has served the major role in harmonics extraction algorithm due to its simple implementation features. However, it suffers from serious time delay due to its dependency on sluggish numerical filters. Furthermore, the algorithm is mostly designed to suit the operation of direct current controlled (DCC) SAPF which requires the knowledge of actual SAPF current (injection current). This leads to inaccurate mitigation as the injection current does not possess the exact information on actual source current which suffers from switching ripples problems. Therefore, two major modifications are introduced involving the development of mathematical average algorithm to replace numerical filter for fundamental real power computation and the formation of mathematical current relationship to change DCC to ICC based operation. The proposed algorithm is developed and evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink. From the simulation results, significant improvement in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and response time is presented in comparison to conventional algorithm.
An Epigenetic Reprogramming Strategy to Resensitize Radioresistant Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Peitzsch Claudia , Cojoc Monica , Hein Linda , Kurth Ina , Mäbert Katrin , Trautmann Franziska , Klink Barbara , Schröck Evelin , Wirth Manfred P. , Krause Mechthild , Stakhovsky Eduard A. , Telegeev Gennady D. , Novotny Vladimir , Toma Marieta , Muders Michael , Baretton Gustavo B. , Frame Fiona M. , Maitland Norman J. , Baumann Michael , Dubrovska Anna
Published: March 2016

Radiotherapy is a mainstay of curative prostate cancer treatment, but risks of recurrence after treatment remain significant in locally advanced disease. Given that tumor relapse can be attributed to a population of cancer stem cells (CSC) that survives radiotherapy, analysis of this cell population might illuminate tactics to personalize treatment. However, this direction remains challenging given the plastic nature of prostate cancers following treatment. We show here that irradiating prostate cancer cells stimulates a durable upregulation of stem cell markers that epigenetically reprogram these cells. In both tumorigenic and radioresistant cell populations, a phenotypic switch occurred during a course of radiotherapy that was associated with stable genetic and epigenetic changes. Specifically, we found that irradiation triggered histone H3 methylation at the promoter of the CSC marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), stimulating its gene transcription. Inhibiting this methylation event triggered apoptosis, promoted radiosensitization, and hindered tumorigenicity of radioresistant prostate cancer cells. Overall, our results suggest that epigenetic therapies may restore the cytotoxic effects of irradiation in radioresistant CSC populations. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2637–51. ©2016 AACR.
An Unbiased Oncology Compound Screen to Identify Novel Combination Strategies
Authors: O'Neil Jennifer , Benita Yair , Feldman Igor , Chenard Melissa , Roberts Brian , Liu Yaping , Li Jing , Kral Astrid , Lejnine Serguei , Loboda Andrey , Arthur William , Cristescu Razvan , Haines Brian B. , Winter Christopher , Zhang Theresa , Bloecher Andrew , Shumway Stuart D.
Published: March 2016

Combination drug therapy is a widely used paradigm for managing numerous human malignancies. In cancer treatment, additive and/or synergistic drug combinations can convert weakly efficacious monotherapies into regimens that produce robust antitumor activity. This can be explained in part through pathway interdependencies that are critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. However, identification of the various interdependencies is difficult due to the complex molecular circuitry that underlies tumor development and progression. Here, we present a high-throughput platform that allows for an unbiased identification of synergistic and efficacious drug combinations. In a screen of 22,737 experiments of 583 doublet combinations in 39 diverse cancer cell lines using a 4 by 4 dosing regimen, both well-known and novel synergistic and efficacious combinations were identified. Here, we present an example of one such novel combination, a Wee1 inhibitor (AZD1775) and an mTOR inhibitor (ridaforolimus), and demonstrate that the combination potently and synergistically inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This approach has identified novel combinations that would be difficult to reliably predict based purely on our current understanding of cancer cell biology. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1155–62. ©2016 AACR.
Cannonballs in Pap Smears: Double Whammy of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Infections
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vani , Satish Suchitha , Vimalambike Manjunath Gubbanna
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Cannonballs are structures consisting of neutrophils adherent to epithelial cells, often seen in vaginal Pap smears of patients with trichomoniasis and chlamydiasis. We frequently observed these cannonballs in inflammatory Pap smears showing evidence of bacterial vaginosis. Objective: To study the association between cannonballs and bacterial vaginosis with associated infections in inflammatory Pap smears. Study Design: This was a retrospective study performed over a period of 6 months between April 2014 and September 2014. Three hundred consecutive Pap smears assessed during the study period were retrieved from the archives and studied. Results: A total of 280 smears were studied. Neutrophilic infiltrates were seen in 83.6%, cannonballs in 82.3%, and bacterial vaginosis in 70.7% of the smears. Cannonballs were found in 84.4% of the smears showing evidence of bacterial vaginosis with associated inflammatory infiltrates. There was a significant association between cannonballs and bacterial vaginosis (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio was 13.8 (95% CI: 7.2-26.2). Conclusion: The present study shows a significant association between cannonballs and bacterial vaginosis and associated vaginal infections.
Pyelonephritis Caused by Salmonella Anatum: An Unusual Case
Authors: Yilmaz Kenan , Dorterler Mustafa Erman , Demirbilek Mustafa , Levent Belkis
Published: March 2016

Salmonella species are a very rare cause of urinary tract infection in healthy children. This species is associated with a high incidence of genitourinary abnormalities and immune deficiencies. We report the first pediatric case of a healthy 9-year-old girl with pyelonephritis due to Salmonella Anatum.
Rios urbanos e paisagens multifuncionais: estudo de caso – Rio Dona Eugênia
Authors: Lourenço Ianic Bigate , Veról Aline Pires , Miguez Marcelo Gomes , Britto Ana Lucia Nogueira de Paiva
Published: March 2016

Observa-se um modelo de urbanização e propostas de intervenção nos cursos de água que ignoram tanto seus valores ambientais, como culturais e sociais, potencializando um dos principais problemas da atualidade nas cidades brasileiras: as cheias urbanas. Este trabalho tem por intuito colaborar com a gestão sustentável das cidades, apresentando soluções paisagísticas, visando à requalificação urbana e ambiental de corpos hídricos, a partir do reconhecimento sistêmico das relações físicas, históricas, sociais e ambientais, levando a concepção de soluções multifuncionais, prática essencial frente à escassez de espaços livres que uma cidade de urbanização consolidada normalmente oferece. Diante de sua complexidade, o estudo foi estruturado em base interdisciplinar, principalmente, entre o paisagismo e a engenharia. Esta abordagem permitiu avaliar os impactos da urbanização, e posteriormente, avaliar as soluções paisagísticas propostas, com indicações capazes de representar hidráulica e hidrologicamente o comportamento sistêmico da bacia de estudo. O trabalho está centrado no rio Dona Eugênia em Mesquita, RJ, região da Baixada Fluminense, onde é comum o problema de cheias.
Percutaneous Common Carotid Artery Access for Pediatric Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Justino Henri , Petit Christopher J.
Published: March 2016

Background—

Surgical cutdown for access to the common carotid artery provides a more direct route for certain pediatric cardiac interventions and avoids femoral artery injury in small infants. The safety of percutaneous carotid access (PCA) in children is unknown.

Methods and Results—

Retrospective review of PCA at Texas Children’s Hospital and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. From July 2006 to November 2014, 42 patients underwent 47 attempts at catheterization via PCA. Median (range) age was 20 days (0 days–2.9 years) and weight was 3.2 kg (1.1–12.2). Two patients had failed PCA with no sequelae. Of the 45 catheterizations with successful PCA and sheath placement, 44 interventions were performed, the most common being stenting or stent redilation of the ductus arteriosus, balloon aortic valvuloplasty, and stenting or angioplasty of Blalock–Taussig shunts. After sheath withdrawal, hemostasis was achieved with manual compression, with no need for surgical control of bleeding. Follow-up carotid imaging was performed in all. Acutely, 3 patients developed carotid thrombosis with resolution in 1 and mild residual narrowing in 2 after anticoagulation therapy. At follow-up, 40 of 42 patients (95%) had a normal carotid artery, with 2 instances of mild stenosis. There were no neurological sequelae attributable to PCA.

Conclusions—

PCA is safe even in small infants, and hemostasis can be achieved without surgical repair, with a carotid patency rate superior to published data after surgical cutdown. Surgical cutdown is not routinely required for pediatric cardiac catheterization via the carotid artery.
The Significance of the Fast in Acts 27:9
Authors: Beresford James M.
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes that the brief and somewhat ambiguous reference to the “Fast” in Acts 27:9—an allusion to the great Jewish ceremonial fast-day of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement—was included in the Lukan narrative not only to provide a seasonal setting for Paul’s voyage to Rome, but also to convey a theological message. Mention of the Fast was intentionally designed to prepare the early Christian audience for the trauma of the storm and shipwreck that was about to unfold in the coming verses of Acts by creating parallels between Paul’s journey and that of the Old Testament prophet, Jonah.
Precedence at the Communal Meal in Corinth
Authors: Kloppenborg John S.
Published: March 2016

The explanation of 1 Cor 11:14-37, that Corinthian meal practice involved either peer benefaction (wealthy members providing the meal), or eranistic practices (members each contributing differing amounts and qualities of food), and the late arrival of the poorer members, is flawed in several respects. This paper uses data from Graeco-Roman associations to show that association meals were rarely funded by endowments or peer benefaction on a continuing basis, and there is no evidence of eranistic practices. The idea that poorer members typically arrived late at meals is based on anachronistic views of the structure of labor and on ambiguities in translations of προλαμβάνειν in 11:21. The disturbances at the communal meal, like those typical of association meals, likely involved competitive behavior that used differential allotments of food to assert status and privilege.
Visibility of precursors of the gonopods in a freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Decapoda, Astacidae)
Authors: Harlioğlu Muzaffer M.
Published: March 2016

Astacus leptodactylusEschscholtz, 1823 is an important, marketable species of crustacean, consumed intensely as a luxury food in many countries. BecauseA. leptodactylusis less cannibalistic than other crayfish species, is more fecund, and has a fast growth rate, it is accepted as a considerably suitable crayfish for culturing in extensive pond systems. Information on the reproductive biology and anatomy of crayfish is important for developing suitable production methods. Sex recognition may also be essential in separating males and females in crayfish rearing (i.e., to prevent cannibalism, males grow faster than females). Although male reproductive system morphology and spermatophore formation in crayfish, includingA. leptodactylus, have been studied in detail, this study is the first to demonstrate the visibility of precursors of the gonopods and, thus, the actual presence of gonopods, which of course determine the male sex, in a freshwater crayfish. The present study shows that the first signs of secondary sexual characters (i.e., precursors of the gonopods) can be distinguished in the form of small tubercles on the first abdominal somite in male stage 4 juveniles, and the gonopods themselves are distinguishable in male stage 5 juveniles inA. leptodactylus. In conclusion, sex differentiation inA. leptodactyluscan be realized already in stage 4 juveniles. Further studies should be carried out on the presence and shape of precursors of gonopods in stage 4 and gonopods in stage 5 juveniles of species of astacid crayfish in order to facilitate solving taxonomic problems in the family Astacidae.
U.S.-Thai Public Diplomacy
Authors: Michael Rattanasengchanh P.
Published: March 2016

During the Cold War, u.s. and Thai leaders invested in public relations programs to win the hearts and minds of the people of Thailand. Changes in Thailand between the years 1957 and 1963, which gave rise to Thai General Sarit Thanarat and King Bhumibol Adulyadej to positions of political authority, strengthened u.s.-Thai relations. To project their power, Washington and Bangkok relied on practicing public diplomacy through the United States Information Agency (usia) to demonstrate the benevolence of the United States, the army’s paternalism, and the god-like image of the king. The period from 1957 to 1963 saw the beginnings of a strong u.s.-Thai relationship and the creation of a stable anti-Communist, military-monarchical government that lasted until the end of the Cold War.
Meaning and Interpretation
Authors: Stalmaszczyk Piotr
Published: March 2016

Meaning and the Dynamics of Interpretation brings together fourteen papers by Hans Kamp, whose research is concerned with formal linguistics, philosophy of language, logic, cognitive science and computer science. Central to this research are problems of presupposition, context dependency, vagueness of meaning, the dynamic character of interpretation, the issues contributing to the version of dynamic semantics known as Discourse Representation Theory, and associated with the dynamic turn in the study of meaning and interpretation.
Marvell’s Marriage Songs and Poetic Patronage in the Court of Cromwell
Authors: Laam Kevin
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the marriage songs that Andrew Marvell produced in 1657 for the wedding masque of Mary Cromwell, specifically, how they express Marvell’s long-time pursuit of patronage, and more broadly, how they showcase the increasingly courtly predilections of the Protectoral household and government. Marvell represents the politics and personalities behind the marriage in ways that suggest an acute awareness of Cromwell’s growing aristocratic and dynastic ambitions. As a newly appointed civil servant, Marvell also uses the occasion to reflect upon his experience as the beneficiary of the Protector’s largesse. Marvell is a silent but active player in the masque, using it to negotiate his position as a poet in the Cromwellian court.
Chelidoperca stella, a new species of perchlet (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: MATSUNUMA MIZUKI , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: March 2016

A new species of serranid fish, Chelidoperca stella, is described on the basis of five specimens from the Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean. The species can be readily distinguished from all valid congeners by having fewer pored lateral-line scales (34 or 35 vs. 40–45 in the latter) and the pelvic fin white with several small yellow spots (vs. spots absent). The species is also characterized by having relatively high counts of small serrae on the posterior margins of the preopercle (33–43 serrae), interopercle (7–10) and subopercle (18–28), despite the small body size (51.7–61.8 mm SL). Although Chelidoperca stella resembles C. margaritifera in having 2.5 scale rows between lateral line and the sixth dorsal-fin spine base, a relatively wider interorbital region, and the interorbital scales not reaching a vertical through the orbit anterior margin, but differs by having the above-mentioned diagnostic characters plus a slightly shorter longest anal-fin soft ray [17.4–18.7 (mean 18.1) % SL vs. 22.6–26.4 (24.4) % SL in C. margaritifera].
Three new species of Acidiostigma Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) and an updated key to species from the eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions
Authors: CHEN XIAOLIN , ZHANG LIJIE , ZHAO MINGSHUI
Published: March 2016

Three new species of Acidiostigma Hendel from China are described and illustrated. The new species are A. nigrofasciola Chen and Zhang, sp. nov., A. subpostsignatum Chen and Zhao, sp. nov. and A. tongmaiense Chen, sp. nov. An updated key to the known species of the genus is provided. The male of A. bimaculatum Wang and female of A. postsignatum (Chen) are newly recorded, described and illustrated. The biology and behaviour of A. bimaculatum Wang and A. postsignatum (Chen) are observed in the field and recorded for the first time.
Preschool children’s healthy lifestyles: South African parents’ and preschool staff perceptions
Authors: Daniels Karen , Forinder Ulla , Clarke Marina , Snyman Stefanus , Ringsberg Karin C
Published: March 2016

Background:

The worldwide growth of non-communicable diseases requires important lifestyle adaptations. The earlier a healthy lifestyle is adopted, the better. Enabling a healthy lifestyle for children during the preschool years ideally involves the cooperation of parents and teachers. Health promotion with parents and teachers is most effective if it takes into consideration their views and opinions, as well as context.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of health and healthy lifestyle from the perspective of preschool children’s parents, and the staff caring for children attending preschools in three diverse settings.

Design:

Qualitative in-depth study.

Setting:

Preschools in Western Cape Province, South Africa.

Method:

Data were collected through six focus group discussions and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Parents and staff shared a holistic view of health, agreeing that children and their health were primarily the responsibility of the parents. Informants described their own health and that of children as affected by a variety of interconnected factors, including environmental, economic, social and individual influences.

Conclusion:

When tailoring a health-promoting education programme, it is important to consider the pre-existing knowledge the participants have and the context in which intervention will take place. There is also a need to structurally address social determinants of health that may be beyond the control of the individuals.
Investigating the Knowledge Needed for Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Charalambous Charalambos Y.
Published: March 2016

Central in the frameworks proposed to capture the knowledge needed for teaching mathematics is the assumption that teachers need more than pure subject-matter knowledge. Validation studies exploring this assumption by recruiting contrasting populations are relatively scarce. Drawing on a sample of 644 Greek-Cypriots preservice and inservice elementary school teachers and university students with strong mathematical background, this study explored participants’ knowledge with respect to four teaching practices: providing and evaluating explanations; selecting and using representations; analyzing student errors, misconceptions, and non-conventional solutions; and selecting tasks. Results emerging from an item response theory (IRT) model and non-parametric tests showed significant differences among these groups, largely in the first two practices. Clinical interviews with a voluntary sub-sample of these participants provided insights into the unexpected findings related to the other two practices. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and directions for future studies are offered.
Preservice Teachers’ Professional Knowledge and Its Relation to Academic Self-Concept
Authors: Paulick Isabell , Großschedl Jörg , Harms Ute , Möller Jens
Published: March 2016

We investigated the factorial structure of preservice teachers’ academic self-concept with regard to three domains of professional knowledge (content knowledge [CK], pedagogical content knowledge [PCK], and pedagogical/psychological knowledge [PPK]). We also analyzed the relation between preservice teachers’ academic self-concept and their professional knowledge. The sample consisted of N = 631 German preservice secondary teachers in biology and physics. To analyze the factorial structure of the academic self-concept, we applied confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and compared different models of complexity. Results confirmed that preservice teachers’ academic self-concept is empirically separable into CK, PCK, and PPK. Furthermore, the self-concept scales were positively related to the corresponding test scores in the professional knowledge domains. Our results revealed that preservice teachers’ academic self-concept is differentiated at a very early state of teacher education and reflects CK, PCK, and PPK performance. Hence, self-concept measures seem to provide an alternative means to assess preservice teachers’ professional knowledge in comparison with traditional performance measures.