bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Accuracy of the Saastamoinen Model and VMF1/VMF3 Mapping Functions with Respect to Ray-Tracing from Radiosonde Data in the Framework of GNSS Meteorology
Authors: Feng Peng , Li Fei , Yan Jianguo , Zhang Fangzhao , Barriot Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we assess, in the framework of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology, the accuracy of GNSS propagation delays corresponding to the Saastamoinen zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) model and the Vienna Mapping function VMF1/VMF3 (hydrostatic and wet), with reference to radiosonde ray-tracing delays over a three-year period on 28 globally distributed sites. The results show that the Saastamoinen ZHD estimates have a mean root mean square (RMS) error of 1.7 mm with respect to the radiosonde. We also detected some seasonal signatures in these Saastamoinen ZHD estimates. This indicates that the Saastamoinen model, based on the hydrostatic assumption and the ground pressure, is insufficient to capture the full variability of the ZHD estimates over time with the accuracy needed for GNSS meteorology. Furthermore, we found that VMF3 slant hydrostatic delay (SHD) estimates outperform the corresponding VMF1 SHD estimates (equivalent SHD RMS error of 4.8 mm for VMF3 versus 7.1 mm for VMF1 at 5° elevation angle), with respect to the radiosonde SHD estimates. Unexpectedly, the situation is opposite for the VMF3 slant wet delay (SWD) estimates compared to VMF1 SWD estimates (equivalent SWD RMS error of 11.4 mm for VMF3 versus 7.0 mm for VMF1 at 5° elevation angle). Our general conclusion is that the joint approach using ZHD models and mapping functions must be revisited, at least in the framework of GNSS meteorology.
Assessing the Performance of Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in the Local Area
Authors: Ma Hongyang , Zhao Qile , Verhagen Sandra , Psychas Dimitrios , Liu Xianglin
Published: October 2020

The benefits of an increased number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in space have been confirmed for the robustness and convergence time of standard precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, as well as improved accuracy when (most of) the ambiguities are fixed. Yet, it is still worthwhile to investigate fast and high-precision GNSS parameter estimation to meet user needs. This contribution focuses on integer ambiguity resolution-enabled Precise Point Positioning (PPP-RTK) in the use of the observations from four global navigation systems, i.e., GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo (European Global Navigation Satellite System), BDS (Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), and GLONASS (Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema). An undifferenced and uncombined PPP-RTK model is implemented for which the satellite clock and phase bias corrections are computed from the data processing of a group of stations in a network and then provided to users to help them achieve integer ambiguity resolution on a single receiver by calibrating the satellite phase biases. The dataset is recorded in a local area of the GNSS network of the Netherlands, in which 12 stations are regarded as the reference to generate the corresponding corrections and 21 as the users to assess the performance of the multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in both kinematic and static positioning mode. The results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) errors of the ambiguity float solutions can achieve the same accuracy level of the ambiguity fixed solutions after convergence. The combined GNSS cases, on the contrary, reduce the horizontal RMS of GPS alone with 2 cm level to GPS + Galileo/GPS + Galileo + BDS/GPS + Galileo + BDS + GLONASS with 1 cm level. The convergence time benefits from both multi-GNSS and fixing ambiguities, and the performances of the ambiguity fixed solution are comparable to those of the multi-GNSS ambiguity float solutions. For instance, the convergence time of GPS alone ambiguity fixed solutions to achieve 10 cm three-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracy is 39.5 min, while it is 37 min for GPS + Galileo ambiguity float solutions; moreover, with the same criterion, the convergence time of GE ambiguity fixed solutions is 19 min, which is better than GPS + Galileo + BDS + GLONASS ambiguity float solutions with 28.5 min. The experiments indicate that GPS alone occasionally suffers from a wrong fixing problem; however, this problem does not exist in the combined systems. Finally, integer ambiguity resolution is still necessary for multi-GNSS in the case of fast achieving very-high-accuracy positioning, e.g., sub-centimeter level.
Time Reversal Linearly Constrained Minimum Power Algorithm for Direction of Arrival Estimation in Diffuse Multipath Environments
Authors: Xiong Chao , Fan Chongyi , Huang Xiaotao
Published: October 2020

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in diffuse multipath environments is a challenge for ground-based radar remote sensing applications, which has significant value in military fields, such as air defense surveillance. However, radar received echo usually contains various multipath signals caused by the reflection of complex ground or sea surface. With the introduction of multipath signals, traditional algorithms’ performance on angle estimation decreases severely. In response to this problem, the letter proposes a new time reversal (TR) algorithm used for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar angle estimation. First, the algorithm reconstructs a TR covariance matrix by multiplexing the data’s rows and columns, increasing the estimation accuracy of the TR covariance matrix. Besides, the letter applies a linearly constrained minimum power (LCMP) constraint to suppress diffuse multipath signals according to the prior knowledge of environments. Simulation results examine the improvement of estimation accuracy by the proposed algorithm, also verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm in different multipath scenarios. What’s more, the algorithm has broader applicability due to avoiding the difficulties of removing the coherence and estimating multipath number in practice.
Snow Depth Variations in Svalbard Derived from GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry
Authors: An Jiachun , Deng Pan , Zhang Baojun , Liu Jingbin , Ai Songtao , Wang Zemin , Yu Qiuze
Published: October 2020

Snow plays a critical role in hydrological monitoring and global climate change, especially in the Arctic region. As a novel remote sensing technique, global navigation satellite system interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) has shown great potential for detecting reflector characteristics. In this study, a field experiment of snow depth sensing with GNSS-IR was conducted in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, and snow depth variations over the 2014–2018 period were retrieved. First, an improved approach was proposed to estimate snow depth with GNSS observations by introducing wavelet decomposition before spectral analysis, and this approach was validated by in situ snow depths obtained from a meteorological station. The proposed approach can effectively separate the noise power from the signal power without changing the frequency composition of the original signal, particularly when the snow depth changes sharply. Second, snow depth variations were analyzed at three stages including snow accumulation, snow ablation and snow stabilization, which correspond to different snow-surface-reflection characteristics. For these three stages of snow depth variations, the mean absolute errors (MAE) were 4.77, 5.11 and 3.51 cm, respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 6.00, 6.34 and 3.78 cm, respectively, which means that GNSS-IR can be affected by different snow surface characteristics. Finally, the impact of rainfall on snow depth estimation was analyzed for the first time. The results show that the MAE and RMSE were 2.19 and 2.08 cm, respectively, when there was no rainfall but 5.63 and 5.46 cm, respectively, when it was rainy, which indicates that rainfall reduces the accuracy of snow depth estimation by GNSS-IR.
The Use of National CORS Networks for Determining Temporal Mass Variations within the Earth’s System and for Improving GRACE/GRACE-FO Solutions
Authors: Godah Walyeldeen , Ray Jagat Dwipendra , Szelachowska Malgorzata , Krynski Jan
Published: October 2020

Temporal mass variations within the Earth’s system can be detected on a regional/global scale using GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellite missions’ data, while GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data can be used to detect those variations on a local scale. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of national GNSS CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) networks for the determination of those temporal mass variations and for improving GRACE/GRACE-FO solutions. The area of Poland was chosen as a study area. Temporal variations of equivalent water thickness ΔEWT and vertical deformations of the Earth’s surface Δh were determined at the sites of the ASG-EUPOS (Active Geodetic Network of the European Position Determination System) CORS network using GRACE/GRACE-FO-based GGMs and GNSS data. Moreover, combined solutions of ΔEWT were developed by combining ΔEWT obtained from GNSS data with the corresponding ones determined from GRACE satellite mission data. Strong correlations (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.9) between detrended Δh determined from GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite mission data and the corresponding ones from GNSS data were observed at 93% of the GNSS stations investigated. Furthermore, for the determination of temporal mass variations, GNSS data from CORS network stations provide valuable information complementary to GRACE satellite mission data.
A Model-Based Volume Estimator that Accounts for Both Land Cover Misclassification and Model Prediction Uncertainty
Authors: Esteban Jessica , McRoberts Ronald E. , Fernández-Landa Alfredo , Tomé José Luis , Marchamalo Miguel
Published: October 2020

Forest/non-forest and forest species maps are often used by forest inventory programs in the forest estimation process. For example, some inventory programs establish field plots only on lands corresponding to the forest portion of a forest/non-forest map and use species-specific area estimates obtained from those maps to support the estimation of species-specific volume (V) totals. Despite the general use of these maps, the effects of their uncertainties are commonly ignored with the result that estimates might be unreliable. The goal of this study is to estimate the effects of the uncertainty of forest species maps used in the sampling and estimation processes. Random forest (RF) per-pixel predictions were used with model-based inference to estimate V per unit area for the six main forest species of La Rioja, Spain. RF models for predicting V were constructed using field plot information from the Spanish National Forest Inventory and airborne laser scanning data. To limit the prediction of V to pixels classified as one of the main forest species assessed, a forest species map was constructed using Landsat and auxiliary information. Bootstrapping techniques were implemented to estimate the total uncertainty of the V estimates and accommodated both the effects of uncertainty in the Landsat forest species map and the effects of plot-to-plot sampling variability on training data used to construct the RF V models. Standard errors of species-specific total V estimates increased from 2–9% to 3–22% when the effects of map uncertainty were incorporated into the uncertainty assessment. The workflow achieved satisfactory results and revealed that the effects of map uncertainty are not negligible, especially for open-grown and less frequently occurring forest species for which greater variability was evident in the mapping and estimation process. The effects of forest map uncertainty are greater for species-specific area estimation than for the selection of field plots used to calibrate the RF model. Additional research to generalize the conclusions beyond Mediterranean to other forest environments is recommended.
A Semantic-Based Belief Network Construction Approach in IoT
Authors: Dong Yuji , Wan Kaiyu , Yue Yong
Published: October 2020

Uncertainty is intrinsic in most of the complex systems, especially when the systems have to interact with the physical environment; therefore, handling uncertainty is critical in the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we propose a semantic-based approach to build the belief network in IoT systems to handle the uncertainties. Semantics is the functionality description of any system component. Semantic Match mechanisms can construct the appropriate structures to compare the consistency between different sources of data based on the same functionality. In the approach, we define the belief property of every system component and develop the related algorithms to update the belief value. Furthermore, the related mechanisms and algorithms for data fusion and fault detection based on the belief property are described to explain how the approach works in the IoT systems. Several simulation experiments are used to evaluate the proposed approach, and the results indicate that the approach can work as expected. More accurate data are fused from the inaccurate devices and the fault in one node is automatically detected.
Single-Image Visibility Restoration: A Machine Learning Approach and Its 4K-Capable Hardware Accelerator
Authors: Ngo Dat , Lee Seungmin , Lee Gi-Dong , Kang Bongsoon
Published: October 2020

In recent years, machine vision algorithms have played an influential role as core technologies in several practical applications, such as surveillance, autonomous driving, and object recognition/localization. However, as almost all such algorithms are applicable to clear weather conditions, their performance is severely affected by any atmospheric turbidity. Several image visibility restoration algorithms have been proposed to address this issue, and they have proven to be a highly efficient solution. This paper proposes a novel method to recover clear images from degraded ones. To this end, the proposed algorithm uses a supervised machine learning-based technique to estimate the pixel-wise extinction coefficients of the transmission medium and a novel compensation scheme to rectify the post-dehazing false enlargement of white objects. Also, a corresponding hardware accelerator implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array chip is in order for facilitating real-time processing, a critical requirement of practical camera-based systems. Experimental results on both synthetic and real image datasets verified the proposed method’s superiority over existing benchmark approaches. Furthermore, the hardware synthesis results revealed that the accelerator exhibits a processing rate of nearly 271.67 Mpixel/s, enabling it to process 4K videos at 30.7 frames per second in real time.
The Future of Academic Journals in a COVID-19 World
Authors: Magnus Jan R. , McAleer Michael
Published: October 2020

Many academics are critical of the current publishing system, but it is difficult to create a better alternative. This review relates to the Sciences and Social Sciences, and discusses the primary purpose of academic journals as providing a seal of approval for perceived quality, impact, significance, and importance. The key issues considered include the role of anonymous refereeing, continuous rather than discrete frequency of publications, avoidance of time wasting, and seeking adventure. Here we give recommendations about the organization of journal articles, the roles of associate editors and referees, measuring the time frame for refereeing submitted articles in days and weeks rather than months and years, encouraging open access internet publishing, emphasizing the continuity of publishing online, academic publishing as a continuous dynamic process, and how to improve research after publication. Citations and functions thereof, such as the journal impact factor and h-index, are the benchmark for evaluating the importance and impact of academic journals and published articles. Even in the very top journals, a high proportion of published articles are never cited, not even by the authors themselves. Top journal publications do not guarantee that published articles will make significant contributions, or that they will ever be highly cited. The COVID-19 world should encourage academics worldwide not only to rethink academic teaching, but also to re-evaluate key issues associated with academic journal publishing in the future.
Dealignment: Class in Britain and Class in British Sociology Since 1945
Authors: Roberts Ken
Published: October 2020

This paper sets changes in Britain’s class structure since 1945 alongside the parallel sociological controversies about class. Since the 1970s, the class scheme developed by John Goldthorpe and colleagues for initial use in their study of social mobility in Britain has become sociology’s standard template for thinking about and researching class. Versions have been adopted by the UK government and the European Union as their official socio-economic classifications. This paper does not dispute that the Goldthorpe scheme is still the best available for classifying by occupation, or that occupation remains our best single indicator of class, or that a constant class scheme must be used if the purpose is to measure trends over time in rates of relative inter-generational mobility. Despite these merits, it is argued that the sociological gaze has been weakened by failing to represent changes over time in the class structure itself and, therefore, how class is experienced in lay people’s lives. There has been a relative neglect of absolute social mobility flows (which have changed over time), and a pre-occupation with the inter-generational and a relative neglect of intra-career mobilities and immobilities.
Dynamic Correlation between Industry Greenization Development and Ecological Balance in China
Authors: Wang Nuo , Zhang Tingyu , Wang Erdan , Song Tao , Lu Xu , Su Jinping
Published: October 2020

By estimating the changing of industry greenization development and ecological balance in China from 2000 to 2017, this paper aims to study the dynamic correlation between industry and ecology in recent years. We focus on the conservation of resources in industry greenization development—if fewer resources are consumed under the same technical conditions as the base period, it means progress in green industrial development. The green proportion of industrial value-added is measured in a quantitative way to gauge the effect and level of industry greenization development in 2000–2017. Meanwhile, the changing impacts on China’s ecological balance imposed by ecological footprint and bearing capacity in 2000–2017 is calculated, and their relation is analyzed using the co-integration approach and PLS method. The results show that industry greenization development and ecological balance are in negative correlation in China, meaning our ecological balance is somewhat mitigated while we strongly practice and promote green industrial development.
Factors Affecting Sustainable Purchase Intentions of SNS Emojis: Modeling the Impact of Self-Presentation
Authors: Kim YunJu , Jun Jong Woo
Published: October 2020

To promote more sustainable consumption of Social Networking Service (SNS) emojis, it is necessary to understand the relationships between social psychological antecedents and SNS users’ intention to purchase emojis. This study aimed to investigate motivational factors affecting users’ intentions to purchase SNS emojis. We examined SNS users of Kakao Talk, the most widely used instant messaging service in South Korea, and investigated the relationships among five latent constructs: Self-presentation, symbolic values, playfulness, purchase intentions, and need for uniqueness. The results of this study indicate that self-presentation does not directly affect the intention to purchase emojis (β = 0.10, p > 0.05). Rather, self-presentation positively influences purchase intention through the mediating path of SNS users’ perceived symbolic value (β = 0.60, p < 0.001) and playfulness (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) to purchase intention (β = 0.29, p < 0.001; β = 0.37, p < 0.001). Further, symbolic value affects playfulness (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), which in turn leads to consumers’ intentions to purchase emojis. This study highlights that SNS users’ need for uniqueness functions as a moderator in the relationship between self-presentation and their intentions to purchase emojis.
An Investigation into Performance of Cement-Stabilized Kaolinite Clay with Recycled Seashells Exposed to Sulphate
Authors: Chegenizadeh Amin , Keramatikerman Mahdi , Afzal Faizan , Nikraz Hamid , Keong Lau Chee
Published: October 2020

Sulphate attack is one of the key issues in geotechnical engineering. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the seashell to reduce negative impacts of the magnesium sulphate concentration on the cement-stabilized clay mixtures by performing a series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Three percent of cement (3, 5 and 7%) was utilized in this study. In addition, the benchmark and exposed specimens were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days before testing and exposure, respectively. A series of the compaction tests were conducted and the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) values were achieved. In the next stage, the UCS tests were performed on the specimens containing 10, 20, or 30% seashell contents and the specimens were exposed to sulphate concentration. Scanning electron microscope morphology had indicated that seashells are a suitable replacement for cement. Qualitative X-ray diffraction had shown that the presence of magnesium sulphate reduces the formation of calcium silicate hydrate, which causes durability issues in cement-stabilized soils. The results indicated that seashell is effective to improve the sulphate resistance of cement-stabilized soil.
Environmental Analysis of Sustainable and Traditional Cooling and Lubrication Strategies during Machining Processes
Authors: Salem Amr , Hopkins Connor , Imad Mohamd , Hegab Hussien , Darras Basil , Kishawy Hossam A.
Published: October 2020

Due to rising demands of replacing traditional cooling strategies with sustainable cooling strategies, the development of sustainable strategies such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) of nano-cutting fluids (NCFs) is on the rise. MQL of NCFs has received a lot of attention due to its positive impact on machining process efficiency. However, environmental and human health impacts of this strategy have not been fully investigated yet. This work aims to investigate the impacts of MQL of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) NCFs by employing a cradle-to-gate type of life cycle assessment (LCA). Besides, this paper provides a comparison of the impacts and machining performance when utilizing MQL of NCFs with other cooling strategies such as traditional flood cooling (TFC) of conventional cutting fluids and MQL of vegetable oils. It was found that NCFs have higher impacts than conventional cutting fluids and vegetable oils. The impacts of TiO2-NCF and MoS2-NCF were lower than the impacts of MWCNTs-NCF and Al2O3-NCF. MQL of NCFs presented higher impacts by 3.7% to 35.4% in comparison with the MQL of vegetable oils. TFC of conventional CFs displayed the lowest impact. However, TFC of conventional cutting fluids is contributing to severe health problems for operators. MQL of vegetable oils displayed higher impacts than TCFs of conventional cutting fluids. However, vegetable oils are considered to be environmentally friendly. According to the findings, the MQL of vegetable oils is the most sustainable strategy for machining processes with associated low/medium cutting temperatures. While MQL of TiO2 and MoS2 NCFs are the sustainable strategy for machining processes associated with high cutting temperatures.
Microwave Plasma System for Continuous Treatment of Railway Track
Authors: Swan Julian , Radoiu Marilena
Published: October 2020

Braking conditions are a fundamental issue for the railway and have been a limiting factor in network capacity and timetabling. Leaf fall, especially during the autumn season, creates low-adhesion problems on railways, causing braking problems for trains. To address the requirements of the novel plasma industrial applications towards environmental applications, this work developed and tested a 2.45 GHz microwave atmospheric pressure plasma system for in situ removal of the third body layer deposited onto the railway so as to improve braking. The plasma reactor consisted of a 15 kW, 2.45 GHz magnetron-based microwave generator and a plasma reactor (dielectric tube placed in a TE01 monomode microwave cavity); the atmospheric plasma ignited and sustained at different power levels (2–15 kW) in different gases (nitrogen, argon) as well as mixtures of these gases with reactive molecules (water, oxygen) was jetted directly onto the railhead as to change the conditions for the wheel–rail interface. This technology is hoped to be a game-changer in enabling predictable and optimized braking on the railway network. Challenges encountered during the demonstration phase are discussed. Subsequent work should validate the results on a working railway line during the autumn season.
A Cell-Based Capture Assay for Rapid Virus Detection
Authors: Milrot Elad , Makdasi Efi , Politi Boaz , Israely Tomer , Laskar Orly
Published: October 2020

Routine methods for virus detection in clinical specimens rely on a variety of sensitive methods, such as genetic, cell culture and immuno-based assays. It is imperative that the detection assays would be reliable, reproducible, sensitive and rapid. Isolation of viruses from clinical samples is crucial for deeper virus identification and analysis. Here we introduce a rapid cell-based assay for isolation and detection of viruses. As a proof of concept several model viruses including West Nile Virus (WNV), Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and Adenovirus were chosen. Suspended Vero cells were employed to capture the viruses following specific antibody labeling which enables their detection by flow cytometry and immuno-fluorescence microscopy assays. Using flow cytometry, a dose response analysis was performed in which 3.6e4 pfu/mL and 1e6 pfu/mL of MVA and WNV could be detected within two hours, respectively. When spiked to commercial pooled human serum, detection sensitivity was slightly reduced to 3e6 pfu/mL for WNV, but remained essentially the same for MVA. In conclusion, the study demonstrates a robust and rapid methodology for virus detection using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We propose that this proof of concept may prove useful in identifying future pathogens.
Analisa dan Perancangan Sistem Peningkatan Potensi Desa (Studi Kasus Jl Sentra Desa Mulyoharjo, Kecamatan Jepara )
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Virgiannada Hikmah Rossyta , Amrozi Yusuf
Published: October 2020

Utilization of village potential can have a big influence on the village itself and for the community. This cannot be realized only by village officials or a handful of people, but all those involved in the village. The role of adolescents is very emphasized in this development, but various problems such as lack of skills possessed, limited education obtained result in a feeling of lack of confidence which ultimately inhibits the development of the potential of a village, therefore a place is needed to develop or enhance village potential. Analysis and design of the village potential enhancement system helps in increasing community skills, which can support the potential that exists in the village
Modifications ciblées des génomes : apports et impacts potentiels des nouvelles technologies pour les espèces aviaires
Authors: Ducos Alain , Bed'Hom Bertrand , Acloque Hervé , Pain Bertrand
Published: October 2020

L’avènement des nucléases programmables, notamment de CRISPR-Cas9, constitue une rupture technologique dans le domaine de l’ingénierie génétique. Le principe de ces méthodes est simple : il consiste à générer des cassures au niveau de séquences d’ADN cibles dans des cellules d’intérêt. Ces cassures sont ensuite réparées par un mécanisme de ligation non-homologue des extrémités pouvant conduire à l’inactivation d’un gène de la région modifiée, ou par recombinaison homologue permettant l’insertion d’un fragment de séquence apporté aux cellules. Les domaines d’application sont très nombreux : recherche fondamentale, thérapie génique, ingénierie écologique, biotechnologies, agriculture... Des exemples d’applications visant à améliorer la santé des animaux, à améliorer le bien-être animal ou l’éthique de la production, ou à modifier les produits pour une meilleure valeur santé ou nutritionnelle, sont présentés. L’utilisation de ces méthodes soulève de multiples questions (techniques, réglementaires, économiques, éthiques...) qui sont discutées.
Bases conceptuales de la gestión socialmente responsable. La superación ética de los criterios pragmáticos y utilitarios en la función directiva
Authors: Etkin Jorge
Published: October 2020

En el mundo de las organizaciones públicas y privadas, funcionarios y directivos se enfrentan al dilema de: a) los criterios de eficiencia y eficacia, y b) la demanda de principios y valores éticos en la gestión. La eficacia tiene que ver con la productividad y los resultados y se basa en que el fin justifica los medios. La gestión responsable aplica ciertos principios de carácter ético, respetando valores de libertad, igualdad, equidad, solidaridad y las justas demandas de la comunidad, no solo de los clientes. El dilema surge por la falta de congruencia entre la maximización de resultados económicos y las necesidades de desarrollo humano en la misma organización. Aquí se explican las fuentes y efectos de esas dualidades y propone formas de superación del dilema entre la praxis competitiva en los mercados y las exigencias de la comunidad. La gestión responsable refiere al respeto de los derechos humanos, estabilidad del empleo, igualdad de oportunidades y la consideración de los impactos ambientales. Principios que deben ser concretados en decisiones. El articulo incluye una diversidad de aportes teóricos y prácticos entre los cuales se destacan: la revisión de los acuerdos constitutivos de la organización, incorporación de los stakeholders en las formas de gobierno, preparación de los directivos para incorporar valores a la racionalidad en sus decisiones, los modelos de trabajo en equipo, educación en transparencia de las comunicaciones y las formas de control social sobre las decisiones de política en las organizaciones.
Los costos de Investigación y Desarrollo: Necesidad de contar con información homogénea
Authors: Bertolino Gisela , Díaz Teresa , Suardi Diana
Published: October 2020

En la actualidad, los estados contables no brindan información suficiente sobre los recursos inmateriales, lo que dificulta la consideración de las actividades de innovación como variables estratégicas. Los recursos intangibles no son fácilmente detectables en los estados contables: algunos se contabilizan como activos, otros como gastos y otros no se contabilizan en absoluto. En particular, gran parte de los costos en I+D se contabilizan como gastos del ejercicio cuando efectivamente representan inversiones. A la fecha se han logrado avances importantes en el desarrollo de herramientas que ayuden a las empresas a gestionar sus activos intangibles. Sin embargo, no existen instrumentos armonizados que permitan la difusión de información sobre estos recursos de una manera homogénea que facilite el análisis posterior de dicha información por terceros. Un primer paso significativo para la mejora del sistema contable sería la revelación de información cuantitativa desagregada sobre los costos de I+D, tanto si son imputados directamente a resultados como si son activados.
Análisis Económico para la Equidad: los aportes de la Economía Feminista
Authors: Rodríguez Enríquez Corina
Published: October 2020

La aparición de un campo específico de estudio dentro de la Economía, que se denomina Economía Feminista, surge del encuentro entre desarrollos teóricos preocupados por la problemática de la equidad, que ven en la subordinación de las mujeres una manifestación específica de esta cuestión, por un lado, y el movimiento político que propugna un avance en la situación de las mujeres, por el otro. Economía y feminismo se encuentran para dar lugar al desarrollo de conceptos, marcos de análisis e investigación, que simultáneamente dota de mayor y mejor poder explicativo a la Economía, y de evidencias, herramientas y saberes al feminismo.

En este trabajo se presenta una introducción a la Economía Feminista, haciendo énfasis en los siguientes puntos: i) la crítica de la Economía Feminista a los principios básicos de la Economía Neoclásica; ii) la incorporación de la dimensión reproductiva al funcionamiento del sistema económico, mediante la ampliación de la representación del flujo circular de la renta; iii) las dimensiones específicas de discriminación de género en el mercado laboral, y sus implicancias económicas; iv) la incorporación de la dimensión de género en el análisis de la política económica.
Las Unidades de Vinculación Tecnológica y la articulación entre el sector científico tecnológico y el sector empresario.
Authors: Kababe Yamila
Published: October 2020

Frente al desafío de avanzar hacia un modelo de desarrollo sustentado en la innovación, el conocimiento y el aprendizaje por interacción se han transformado en los pilares fundamentales del crecimiento. Bajo este argumento, se acepta que los mecanismos que promueven la asociación entre quienes producen el conocimiento y quienes se benefician con su utilización, constituyen uno de los mejores pactos para vincular los procesos y dinámicas de aprendizaje con el desarrollo económico y social. En Argentina, la Ley 23.877 del año 1990 dispuso la creación de las Unidades de Vinculación Tecnológica (UVT), definiéndolas como estructuras de interfase entre el sector productivo y el sistema científico técnico y universitario. Sin embargo, los diagnósticos vigentes señalan que la actividad de transferencia tecnológica encomendada a las UVTs sigue siendo una asignatura pendiente. La propuesta de este trabajo es analizar en profundidad estos diagnósticos disponibles y ofrecer una serie de argumentos a partir de los cuales es posible afirmar que las UVTs no han logrado aún una dinámica de interacción adecuada entre el Sector Científico Tecnológico y el sector productivo, que contribuya a la promoción de niveles sistémicos óptimos para la modernización y actualización tecnológica de la estructura productiva.
La producción pública de medicamentos en Argentina: notas para su análisis
Authors: Román Viviana , Di Salvo María Teresa
Published: October 2020

La reforma llevada a cabo en el área de salud y la desregulación operada en el sector farmacéutico durante los años noventa en Argentina agravaron la situación sanitaria de millones de personas. Esto dio lugar a respuestas heterogéneas por parte de los diversos actores involucrados; apareciendo y consolidándose formas alternativas de producción y distribución con el objetivo de generar un mayor y mejor acceso a los medicamentos por parte de la población. Es importante resaltar entonces que los remedios se diferencian de la mayoría de las mercancías y servicios que el consumidor adquiere en el mercado. Por eso, en el caso de estos productos el sistema económico debe acercarse a una posición socialmente aceptable en cuanto a la equidad distributiva y el papel del Estado debe ser clave en este aspecto. Consecuentemente con lo anterior el objetivo de este artículo es historiar la producción pública de medicamentos durante la década de 1990 y a principios del siglo XXI a partir del análisis del papel socialmente desempeñado por una serie de instituciones que realizan producción pública de medicamentos en Argentina.
XBRL: el nuevo paradigma de Estados Contables Digitales. Situación y avances
Authors: Díaz Daniel , Gaibazzi María Florencia
Published: October 2020

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Adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera en Argentina: responsabilidad de la Universidad
Authors: Martín Oscar , Nannini María Susana , Vazquez Claudia Mónica
Published: October 2020

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A través de la bruma… Las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social en las fuentes de datos sociodemográficas de la Argentina (1994-2015)
Authors: Ribotta Bruno Sebastián , Santillán Pizarro María Marta , González Leandro Mariano
Published: October 2020

Las mujeres, las niñas y los niños, los migrantes, los refugiados, los pueblos indígenas y los afrodescendientes, son algunas de las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social que viven en Argentina. El goce y ejercicio efectivo de sus derechos humanos pueden verse limitados por este motivo, aun cuando estos constituyen atributos inherentes a la dignidad humana y poseen protección jurídica universal. La recolección de datos estadísticos producidos por los Estados, de manera sistemática, desagregada y acorde a los estándares de calidad y confiabilidad, es reconocida por organismos de Naciones Unidas como una herramienta fundamental para la identificación de estas poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social. En este contexto, el objetivo principal del trabajo es diagnosticar la situación de la Argentina en relación a la disponibilidad de las fuentes de información sociodemográfica, elaboradas oficialmente desde 1994 a 2015, para la visibilización de las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Entre las principales conclusiones, se destaca que estas poblaciones no pueden ser identificadas en todos los casos (particularmente las personas afrodescendientes, las pertenecientes a pueblos indígenas y los refugiados). Por lo tanto, es importante invertir en el rediseño de las fuentes de datos (lo que implica la inclusión de nuevas variables o la reformulación de sus preguntas) y/o el desarrollo de nuevas fuentes de datos, más específicas.

En este marco, el objetivo principal del trabajo será diagnosticar la situación de la Argentina en relación a la disponibilidad de las fuentes de información socio-demográfica, elaboradas oficialmente desde 1994 a 2015, para la visibilización de las poblaciones en situación de Vulnerabilidad Social. Entre las principales conclusiones, se destaca que, como las fuentes de datos no fueron pensadas con enfoque de derechos; las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social quedan mayormente ocultas, motivo por el que es difícil evaluar avances en el ejercicio de derechos.
Modelos de participación sindical en subsidiarias de empresas multinacionales de argentina. Un análisis sobre sus determinantes
Authors: Roitter Sonia Beatriz , Erbes Analía , Delfini Marcelo
Published: October 2020

Las empresas Multinacionales (EMN) son actores centrales en el proceso de globalización que con sus operaciones en diferentes partes de mundo y, específicamente, a través de sus prácticas inciden en las instituciones del país de instalación. Las EMN intentan homogeneizar su operatoria a nivel internacional en materia de relaciones laborales y participación sindical, influyendo sobre las lógicas locales y generando dinámicas con configuraciones que van desde la alineación completa con la EMN, hasta el predominio de las instituciones locales en la definición del sistema de relaciones laborales en los espacios de trabajo. En este marco, se proponen dos objetivos centrales: i) identificar diferentes modelos de participación sindical entre las filiales de EMN radicadas en Argentina, y ii) establecer la importancia de factores tales como país de origen, sector de actividad, tamaño, año de ingreso al país, forma de gestión de la fuerza de trabajo y nivel de autonomía del área de recursos humanos frente a la casa matriz en tanto determinantes de los modelos diferenciales mencionados. Para ello se utilizaron dos estrategias analíticas, un análisis de cluster que permitió identificar los diversos modelos de participación sindical y un análisis de regresión logística ordenada para observar la relevancia de los factores condicionantes de los modelos identificados.
Diagnosis of study habits in second and fourth semester students of upper secondary level
Authors: SESENTO Leticia , LUCIO Rodolfo
Published: October 2020

Currently, students are received in high school without study habits that influence appropriate academic performance, this has a great influence on their transition to the upper secondary level. It is important to note that study habits are the behaviors and activities that students perform frequently. The current era is determined by globalization and the preponderance of the new economy where the important element is the knowledge society, for this reason continuous education and the development of competencies to "learn to learn" are transcendental; it is essential to promote study habits. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study through surveys. To carry out this research, a simple stratified sampling was carried out with second and fourth semester students from the Colegio Primitivo y Nacional de San Nicolás de Hidalgo of the Universidad Michoacana. The sample is made up of 151 students. Study habits test, consists of 20 items. The results obtained in this research lead to approve that second and fourth semester students do not have sufficient study habits. Through academic tutorials, it is proposed to carry out a program that allows students to develop attitudes and skills for study. Carry out programs to support them through experiences taught at the Faculty of Psychology, called Personal Growth Workshop and Life and Career Planning, which would benefit them by working in group therapy, setting personal goals. It is recommended that teachers encourage the development of positive study habits in the different academic activities planned, executed and evaluated. Develop talks on planning and organization of time, use of study techniques and management of educational resources. On the part of the tutors, aimed at students in whom inappropriate study habits and attitudes are detected.
An approach to the distribution of creative activities in Jalisco and Guadalajara
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-BAUTISTA Juan Jorge , CAMELO-AVEDOY José Octavio
Published: October 2020

Creative activities have positioned themselves as an ally to regional and local development, considering that it can contribute to other activities that are in a territory. These activities have been differentiated from cultural activities, because they are developed due to market demand and competition from economic sectors. This is how it is affirmed that cultural activities play a fundamental role for the development of creativity, but creative activities help the development of other activities, being a support such as productive or advanced services. The grouping of these activities in the country and specifically in Jalisco, it is observed that only in some states there is a relative concentration. In the case of Jalisco, the agglomeration is manifested in the metropolitan municipalities, in addition to Puerto Vallarta, where the latter has the effect of the appearance of these activities due to tourism development.
Intelligent mobility: a review of the cybersecurity of IoT in smart cities
Authors: VÁZQUEZ-DEL RÍO Jorge Rubén , CARDEÑA-MORENO Sergio Alejandro , VILLAFAÑA-DÍAZ Luis Gerardo
Published: October 2020

Objectives - This research aims to explore the various challenges of cybersecurity in the Internet of Things in a Smart Mobility framework within Smart Cities by reviewing the academic literature. Methodology - Through the review and analysis of the academic literature available in different databases to generate an empirical study, the prospective knowledge on strategy and technology that concatenates the concepts of the Internet of Things, Smart Mobility, and Smart Cities is derived. Contribution - Cybersecurity schemes in today's Internet of Things still present significant challenges arising from the lack of clarity in policies and strategies regarding the reliability of data collection by the various services present in the Smart Mobility framework.
ANALISIS JARINGAN PERPIPAAN DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DENGAN PROGRAM WATERCAD DAERAH LAYANAN KOTABARU KECAMATAN MARTAPURA KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR
Authors: Rajela Amelia , Sahbar Robi
Published: October 2020

Tingkat pemakaian air per orang sangat bervariasi antara suatu daerah dengan daerah lainnya, sehingga secara keseluruhan penggunaan air dalam suatu sistem penyediaan air minum juga akan bervariasi. Bervariasinya pemakaian air ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain: iklim, standar hidup, aktivitas masyarakat, tingkat sosial dan ekonomi dan pola serta kebiasaan masyarakat dan hari libur. Hasil proyeksi penduduk untuk daerah layanan Ibukota Kabupaten Martapura pada tahun 2020 yaitu 46.776 jiwa, sedangkan untuk proyeksi kebutuhan pada tahun 2025 sebesar 51.015 Jiwa dan tahun 2035 sebesar 60.679 jiwa. Hasil perhitungan kebutuhan air pada tahun 2035 adalah 110,87 lt/dtk, kebutuhan maksimum 121,96 lt/dtk, dan kebutuhan total pada jam puncak adalah 194,02 lt/dtk. Dari simulasi untuk pengembagan sistem jaringan distribusi air bersih didapatkan kondisi hidrolis debit 50 lt/dtk untuk beberapa daerah prioritas layanan di Kecamatan Martapura, khusunya Desa Kota Baru, dengan tekanan pompa 61,29 m dan direncanalan dengan menggunakan jaringan pipa HDPE diameter 6 Inc.

 

Kata Kunci: Jaringan Perpipaan, standarê kebutuhan air bersih, proyek, unit air baku, WaterCAD
Analysis of saline land and determination of the level of salinity of irrigated lands with use of the geographic information system technologies
Authors: Begmatov Ilkhom , Matyakubov Bakhtiyar , Akhmatov Doniyor , Pulatova Mukhayo
Published: October 2020

In Uzbekistan, more than half of population lives in rural area, their well-being depends on quality of land and water resources availability. Quality of land is determined by ameliorative indicators: ground water depth level, ground water salt amount and salinity of soil. These factors do not appear naturally but rather due to the human activity. Inefficient irrigation and excessive consumption of irrigation water on irrigated land in Boyavut District of Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan within several decades have led to a salinization of soil. The primary objective of this article is determination of the level of salinity of soil for modelling spatial distribution of soil salinity throughout an irrigated land by using GIS technology. This technology is focused on automation of development and creation of ameliorative maps, while totally eliminating manual operations. Nowadays, ameliorative expedition specialists still create cadastral map using tracing paper over the marginal areas within irrigated lands based on their ameliorative conditions and by selecting from the three thematic maps and then selecting the poorest conditions of ameliorative indicators. The suggested technology is designed for professionals of cadastral subdivisions of regional ameliorative expeditions, who use the GIS-based software, such as ArcView 3.2. or ArcGIS 10x; their duties include creating of thematic maps based on salinity levels of irrigated lands. Exact coordinates of collection sites of soils samples (collected in 2018-2019) were determined using GPS. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method was applied to use that data to create ameliorative maps categorized by the salinity levels (non-saline, slightly saline, saline area and highly saline areas). Those maps were then analysed to develop procedures on how to improve ameliorative conditions of irrigated areas.