bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’opéra pour enfants ou la quête d’identité : commentaire critique sur L’arche, d’Isabelle Panneton et Anne Hébert
Authors: Champagne Éric
Published: June 2012

Avant de rendre compte de l’opéra pour enfants L’arche (musique d’Isabelle Panneton, livret d’Anne Hébert), créé le 25 novembre 2004 par le Nouvel Ensemble Moderne et l’Atelier lyrique de l’Opéra de Montréal, cet article replace l’oeuvre dans un contexte plus large en esquissant un portrait de l’opéra pour enfants au XXe siècle. À travers diverses incarnations (parmi lesquelles l’opéra interprété par et pour des enfants), le genre est caractérisé par une durée limitée à moins d’une heure et un sujet spécifiquement destiné aux enfants, rendu aussi compréhensible que possible par un livret écrit dans la langue de son auditoire et porté par une musique claire et simple. Si ces caractéristiques ne vont pas sans soulever quelques questions, l’auteur estime qu’ils trouvent dans L’arche une illustration tout à fait réussie.
Voir la musique aujourd’hui?
Authors: Beaucage Réjean
Published: June 2012

Prenant pour point de départ un article de Jean-Wilfrid Garrett publié en 1950 dans la revue Polyphonie, article dans lequel l’auteur se désole de devoir constater le refus (ou l’incapacité) d’adaptation des compositeurs de musique contemporaine au média radiophonique, Réjean Beaucage se demande si ces derniers ne se préparent pas une nouvelle fois à rater le rendez-vous avec les nouvelles technologies, celles, cette fois-ci, qui intègrent l’image et le son. Examinant quelques oeuvres de compositeurs de musique contemporaine publiées ces dernières années sur DVD-vidéo ambiophonique (Tristan Murail, Fausto Romitelli, Steve Reich, etc.), il constate que la production est encore, de ce côté, très mince, et enjoint les compositeurs, comme le faisait Garrett il y a déjà plus d’un demi-siècle, à « ne pas se contenter d’illustrer conventionnellement d’arides théories mais d’en rechercher, parallèlement, l’application au monde vivant ».
High‐Throughput Phosphoproteomics from Formalin‐Fixed, Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues
Authors: Gámez‐Pozo Angelo , Sánchez‐Navarro Iker , Ibarz Ferrer Nuria , García Martínez Fernando , Ashman Keith , Fresno Vara Juan Ángel
Published: June 2012

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry–based high‐throughput proteomics allows detection and characterization of thousands of peptides and their post‐translational modifications in a single sample. Protein phosphorylation affects most eukaryotic cellular processes, and its deregulation is considered a hallmark of cancer and other diseases. High‐throughput phosphoproteomics may enable monitoring of altered signaling pathways as a means of stratifying tumors and facilitating the discovery of new drugs. Unfortunately, the development of molecular tests for clinical use is constrained by the limited availability of fresh frozen, clinically annotated samples, and protocols that allow the use of human archival formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples are required. The protocols in this article describe a global procedure for evaluating hundreds of protein phosphorylation sites in protein extracts obtained from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:161‐175 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Controlled Study of Clicker‐Assisted Memory Enhancement in College Classrooms
Authors: Shapiro Amy M. , Gordon Leamarie T.
Published: June 2012

Personal response systems, commonly called ‘clickers’, are widely used in secondary and post‐secondary classrooms. Although many studies show they enhance learning, experimental findings are mixed, and methodological issues limit their conclusions. Moreover, prior work has not determined whether clickers affect cognitive change or simply alert students to information likely to be on tests. The present investigation used a highly controlled methodology that removed subject and item differences from the data to explore the effect of clicker questions on memory for targeted facts in a live classroom and to gain a window on the cognitive processes affecting the outcome. We found that in‐class clicker questions given in a university psychology class augmented performance on delayed exam questions by 10–13%. Experimental results and a class survey indicate that it is unlikely that the observed effects can be attributed solely to attention grabbing. Rather, the data suggest the technology invokes the testing effect. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment Predicts Real‐World Outcomes of Critical Thinking
Authors: Butler Heather A.
Published: June 2012

Although educators and employers agree that it is important to assess the critical thinking skills of students and prospective employees, few assessments have been externally validated with real‐world outcomes of critical thinking. The Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment (HCTA) is a reliable measure of critical thinking skills and has been validated with multiple populations and measures of academic success. This study explored whether scores on the HCTA predicted real‐world outcomes in a wide range of domains, such as education, health, law, finance, and interpersonal relationships. Community adults (n = 50), state university students (n = 48), and community college students (n = 35) in the USA completed the HCTA and a behavioral inventory of life events. Overall, those with higher critical thinking scores reported fewer negative life events than those with lower critical thinking scores, r (131) = −.38, p < .001. Implications for education are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ice Templating—An Alternative Technology to Produce Micromonoliths
Authors: Klotz Michaela , Amirouche Idris , Guizard Christian , Viazzi Céline , Deville Sylvain
Published: June 2012

Hierarchical ceramics with porosities defined at multiple length scales are of particular interest as catalyst support materials. In fixed‐bed reactors, catalytically active particles or porous pellets are packed in the reactor. A combination of high specific surface area, accessibility to the active sites and mechanical strength is therefore required and yet difficult to achieve. This problem is tackled using the ice templating process. Two approaches are investigated to obtain micromonoliths combining macro‐ and mesoporosities. Ice templating of boehmite suspensions provides materials with macropores ranging from 10 to 26 µm and mesopores from 3.6 to 6.2 nm throughout the entire volume of the sample. Total porosity of the samples ranges from 70 to 98%, and specific surface areas from 170 to 300 m2 g−1 can be reached. The mesopore characteristics can be adapted by modifying the particle size and the freezing rate. However the mechanical properties are not sufficient for application as catalyst carriers. An alternative method based on wash‐coating a mechanically resistant ice templated monolith is described. These monoliths have 64% porosity and straight, continuous, 4.5 µm diameter channels. Uniform 100 to 200 nm thick coatings, with a 360 m g−1 specific surface are deposited without altering the initial mechanical strength of the monolith: 134 ± 30 MPa. We expect such architectures, combining high specific surface area, low pressure drop, and high mechanical strength, to be of special interest as catalyst carriers.
Cyclic Deformation Behavior of a 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Processed by High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Renk Oliver , Hohenwarter Anton , Pippan Reinhard
Published: June 2012

The influence of severe plastic deformation (SPD) on the fatigue behavior of a modified 316L austenitic stainless steel is investigated. Different ultrafine‐grained and nanocrystalline microstructures are obtained by changing the processing parameters and applying a post heat treatment procedure. Samples are fatigued using both, load and strain controlled experiments. High pressure torsion processing makes it possible to reach a saturation microstructure, which is cyclically stable up to a stress level three times higher than the stress level of the coarse‐grained structure. Fracture surface investigations and surface damage clearly show that the failure behavior of the SPD states under cyclic loading is different to their coarse‐grained counterparts. For these microstructures, localized deformation in shear bands seems to play a major role for crack initiation and propagation.
Fabrication and High Temperature Creep Behaviour of Interpenetrated Nickel–Chromium/Alumina Composites
Authors: Haeger Andreas , Schell Karl G. , Nagel Alwin , Bucharsky Ethel C. , Oberacker Rainer , Hoffmann Michael J.
Published: June 2012

A method to manufacture unique interpenetrating 50 vol% nickel–chromium/alumina composites, namely NiCr8020/Al2O3/50pp, is reported. Key process is a high temperature squeeze casting procedure at temperatures above 1500 °C used to infiltrate alloy NiCr8020 into porous alumina preforms exhibiting a bimodal pore structure. Microstructure and mechanical properties of this new composite material are presented. Bending creep tests at 1000 and 1150 °C are performed. The obtained results are discussed in comparison to a nickel based superalloy. It is shown, that particle preform reinforcement is a promising method to improve creep resistance of nickel based alloys significantly. Due to its outstanding creep resistance, the composite material has a high potential for structural and tribological applications at high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres.
Pressureless Sintering of TiB2‐Based Ceramics with Ti–Fe Additives: Sintering Mechanism and Stability in Liquid Aluminum
Authors: Heidari Hamed , Alamdari Houshang , Dubé Dominique , Schulz Robert
Published: June 2012

The development of a proper processing method for the fabrication TiB2‐based wettable cathodes for aluminum electrolysis has been challenging for more than half a century. In this work, TiB2‐based ceramics were consolidated via pressureless sintering using Ti, Fe, and Ti–Fe additives. The microstructure, physical and mechanical properties as well as the interaction and the stability of the material in liquid aluminum were investigated. It was shown that specimens sintered with a Ti–Fe additive have excellent stability in liquid aluminum as the solid TiB2 skeleton maintained its integrity and strength after 5 days of exposure in liquid aluminum at 960 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the formation of inter‐particle bridges of pure TiB2 is responsible for the good resistance of the material in molten aluminum. A sintering mechanism was proposed for the consolidation of TiB2 with a Ti–Fe additive. TiB2‐based ceramic sintered with a Ti–Fe alloy is suggested as a potentially reliable material for application as wettable cathode for aluminum electrolysis.
Osteoconductive Performance of Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds Homogeneously Mineralized by Flow‐Through Electrodeposition
Authors: Nardecchia Stefania , Serrano M. Concepción , Gutiérrez María C. , Portolés M. Teresa , Ferrer M. Luisa , del Monte Francisco
Published: June 2012

The treatment of bone lesions, including fractures, tumor resection and osteoporosis, is a common clinical practice where bone healing and repair are pursued. It is widely accepted that calcium phosphate‐based materials improve integration of biomaterials with surrounding bone tissue and further serve as a template for proper function of bone‐forming cells. Within this context, mineralization on preformed substrates appears as an interesting and successful alternative for mineral surface functionalization. However, mineralization of “true” 3D scaffolds –in which the magnitude of the third dimension is within the same scale as the other two– is by no means a trivial issue because of the difficulty to obtain a homogeneous mineral layer deposited on the entire internal surface of the scaffold. Herein, a “flow‐through” electrodeposition process is applied for mineralization of 3D scaffolds composed of multiwall carbon nanotubes and chitosan. It is demonstrated that, irrespective of the experimental conditions used for electrodeposition (e.g., time, temperature and voltages), the continuous feed of salts provided by the use of a flow‐through configuration is the main issue if one desires to coat the entire internal structure of 3D scaffolds with a homogeneous mineral layer. Finally, mineralized scaffolds not only showed a remarkable biocompatibility when tested with human osteoblast cells, but also enhanced osteoblast terminal differentiation (as early as 7 days in calcifying media).
A Universal Molecular Stent Method to Toughen any Hydrogels Based on Double Network Concept
Authors: Nakajima Tasuku , Sato Hitomi , Zhao Yu , Kawahara Shinya , Kurokawa Takayuki , Sugahara Kazuyuki , Gong Jian Ping
Published: June 2012

Double‐network hydrogels (DN gels), despite their high water content, are the strongest and toughest soft and wet materials available. However, in conventional DN gels, which show extraordinarily high mechanical performance comparable to that of industrial rubbers, the first network must be a strong polyelectrolyte and this requirement greatly hinders the widespread application of these gels. A general method involving the use of a “molecular stent” for the synthesis of tough DN gels using any hydrophilic polymer as the first network is reported. This is the first reported method for the synthesis of tough DN gels using various neutral or weak polyelectrolyte hydrogels as the first network. This method helps extend the DN gel concept to various functional polymers and may increase the number of applications of hydrogels in various fields.
Active, Programmable Elastomeric Surfaces with Tunable Adhesion for Deterministic Assembly by Transfer Printing
Authors: Carlson Andrew , Wang Shuodao , Elvikis Paulius , Ferreira Placid M. , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: June 2012

Active, programmable control of interfacial adhesion is an important, desired feature of many existing and envisioned systems, including medical tapes, releasable joints, and stamps for transfer printing. Here a design for an elastomeric surface that offers switchable adhesion strength through a combination of peel‐rate dependent effects and actuation of sub‐surface fluid chambers is presented. Microchannels and open reservoirs positioned under a thin surface membrane can be pressurized in a controlled manner to induce various levels of surface deformation via inflation. These pressurized structures demonstrate utility in controllably decreasing the strength of adhesion of flat, solid objects to the elastomeric surface, particularly in the limit of low peel‐rates. Experimental and theoretical studies of these systems reveal the key mechanisms, and guide optimized geometries for broad control over adhesion, in a programmable and reversible manner. Implementing these concepts in stamps for transfer printing enables new modes for deterministic assembly of micro‐ and nanoscale materials onto diverse types of substrates. Collections of silicon plates delivered onto plastic, paper and other surfaces with single or multiply addressable stamps illustrate some of the capabilities.
Screening the Incorporation of Amino Acids into an Inorganic Crystalline Host: the Case of Calcite
Authors: Borukhin Shirly , Bloch Leonid , Radlauer Tzvia , Hill Adrian H. , Fitch Andrew N. , Pokroy Boaz
Published: June 2012

Organisms have the ability to produce structures with superior characteristics as in the course of biomineralization. One of the most intriguing characteristics of biominerals is the existence of intracrystalline macromolecules. Despite several studies over the last two decades and efforts to mimic the incoporation of macromolecules synthetically, a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of incorporation is as yet lacking. For example, which of the common 20 amino acids are really responsible for the interaction with the mineral phase? Here a reductionist approach, based on high‐resolution synchrotron powder diffraction and analytical chemistry, is utilized to screen all of these amino acids in terms of their incorporation into calcite. We showed that the important factors are amino‐acid charge, size, rigidity and the relative pKa of the carboxyl and amino functional groups. It is also demonstrated that cysteine, surprisingly, interacts very strongly with the mineral phase and therefore, like acidic amino acids, becomes richly incorporated. The insights gained from this study shed new light on the incorporation of organic molecules into an inorganic host in general, and in particular on the biomineralization process.
Sodium Sulfinate‐Mediated trans‐Stilbene Formation from Benzylic Halides
Authors: Zhao Feng , Luo Jiaying , Tan Qi , Liao Yunfeng , Peng Shengming , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: June 2012

A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of various symmetrical and non‐symmetrical trans‐stilbene derivatives from benzylic halides in the absence of any transition metals is described. Sodium sulfinates played an important role in this transformation. Various functional groups were well tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions.
Removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto chemically modified silk cotton hulls by different oxidizing agents
Authors: Dulcy Evangelin C. , Gunasekaran S. G. , Dharmendirakumar M.
Published: June 2012

In the present study, the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions was studied using activated carbons prepared from silk cotton hulls by three different acid activation methods; they are named as concentrated (conc.) H2SO4 (AC), mixture of conc. H2SO4 + H2O2 (AC1), and mixture of conc.H2SO4 + NH4S2O8 (AC2). The surface properties of the adsorbent materials were determined by the Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmette–Teller, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. From the thermogravimetric analysis result, the formation of carboxylic acid and lactones are present in the order AC2 > AC1 > AC. Brunauer–Emmette–Teller result shows that the activated carbons are macroporous in nature. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fits well for the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin equations. The maximum adsorption capacities were 40.00 mg g−1 for AC and 83.33 mg g−1 for AC1 and AC2, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion equations and its rate constants were evaluated. The adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics, suggesting that it is presumably chemisorption. The calculations of the thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, but it is feasible and spontaneous under natural conditions. The reversibility of the process has been studied in a qualitative manner, and it shows that the spent activated carbons can be effectively regenerated for further use easily. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The History and Evolution of Sex Therapy and its Relationship to Psychoanalysis
Authors: Berry Michael D.
Published: June 2012

The dominant treatment methods for male sexual dysfunction are currently biomedical and pharmacological. Historical analysis of the therapeutic field, however, shows that this trend is quite recent. This paper provides a historical examination of the treatment of male sexual dysfunction, analyzing the role of psychology and psychoanalysis in the treatment field. At various points in history, sexual therapies have accounted for the biological, psychological and social factors of male sexual dysfunction; this attention, however, has rarely been balanced. By tracing the evolution of treatment models, this paper shows how psychological and psychoanalytic principles have influenced the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Despite the recent dominance of cognitive behavioral and biomedical techniques, the paper concludes, sex therapy is a discipline in flux, and with the increased push for integrative and multi‐modal treatment models, the (re‐)introduction of psychodynamic techniques in mainstream sex therapy is a promising possibility for future clinical practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of pond management for biodiversity conservation in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Sayer Carl , Andrews Katie , Shilland Ewan , Edmonds Nathan , Edmonds‐Brown Ronni , Patmore Ian , Emson Dave , Axmacher Jan
Published: June 2012

Debate surrounds the best way to deal with pond terrestrialization so as to maximize landscape‐scale biodiversity. One way of addressing this issue is to re‐set succession via management activities, but the merits of this approach relative to non‐intervention and pond creation are little known.

Manor Farm in Norfolk, UK, possesses around 40 ponds, and each year three to four ponds are subject to management involving tree (de‐shading) and/or sediment removal. To determine the consequences of management for pond biodiversity, macrophyte and invertebrate communities were surveyed for replicate ponds covering four ‘time since management’ categories: no management, and managed over the periods 1999–2003, 2004–2006 and 2007–2009.

Macrophyte diversity was significantly lower in unmanaged ponds compared with ponds managed in 2004–2006 and 2007–2009. In addition, with the exception of Mollusca, invertebrate diversity was significantly lower in the unmanaged ponds compared with all the managed ponds. A tendency was evident for diversity to peak 3–5 years after management and for a subsequent decline in diversity (significant for macrophytes). No distinctive species assemblages were associated with the different pond successional stages, although several species were confined to individual ponds. Although many species were absent from the non‐managed ponds, especially in the macrophytes and Coleoptera, few species were unique to these ponds.

The principal driver of species turnover in the ponds was shade, which was negatively correlated with macrophyte cover. Shade was substantially higher in the unmanaged ponds, whose species‐poor assemblages appeared to be a consequence of low oxygen levels. By arresting succession and restoring macrophyte‐dominated early‐ and mid‐successional ponds, management may have an essential role in biodiversity conservation. In pond‐rich landscapes, where a high proportion of ponds are heavily terrestrialized, management provides a sustainable means both of preserving heterogeneity in the pond network and preventing the loss of large numbers of species which favour early‐ and mid‐successional ponds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying brain tumor tissue abundance in HR‐MAS spectra using non‐negative blind source separation techniques
Authors: Croitor Sava Anca Ramona , Martinez‐Bisbal M. Carmen , Sima Diana Maria , Calvar Jorge , Esteve Vicente , Celda Bernardo , Himmelreich Uwe , Van Huffel Sabine
Published: June 2012

Given high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) spectra from several glial tumor subjects, our goal is to differentiate between tumor tissue types by separating the different sources that contribute to the profile of each spectrum. Blind source separation techniques are applied for obtaining characteristic profiles for necrosis, highly cellular tumor and border tumor tissue and providing the contribution (abundance) of each of these tumor tissue types to the profile of each spectrum. The problem is formulated as a non‐negative source separation problem. Non‐negative matrix factorization, convex analysis of non‐negative sources and non‐negative independent component analysis methods are considered. The results are in agreement with the pathology obtained by the histopathological examination that succeeded the HR‐MAS measurements. Furthermore, an analysis to verify to which extent the dimension of the input space, the input features and the number of sources to be extracted from the HR‐MAS data could influence the performance of the source separation is presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Synthesis of Carbon‐Encapsulated Copper Nanostructures by Using Smectite Clays as Nanotemplates
Authors: Tsoufis Theodoros , Colomer Jean‐François , Maccallini Enrico , Jankovič Lubos , Rudolf Petra , Gournis Dimitrios
Published: June 2012

Rhomboidal and spherical metallic‐copper nanostructures were encapsulated within well‐formed graphitic shells by using a simple chemical method that involved the catalytic decomposition of acetylene over a copper catalyst that was supported on different smectite clays surfaces by ion‐exchange. These metallic‐copper nanostructures could be separated from the inorganic support and remained stable for months. The choice of the clay support influenced both the shape and the size of the synthesized Cu nanostructures. The synthesized materials and the supported catalysts from which they were produced were studied in detail by TEM and SEM, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, as well as by Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Beyond Benzyl Grignards: Facile Generation of Benzyl Carbanions from Styrenes
Authors: Grigg R. David , Rigoli Jared W. , Van Hoveln Ryan , Neale Samuel , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: June 2012

Benzylic functionalization is a convenient approach towards the conversion of readily available aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks into more useful molecules. However, the formation of carbanionic benzyl species from benzyl halides or similar precursors is far from trivial. An alternative approach is the direct reaction of a styrene with a suitable coupling partner, but these reactions often involve the use of precious‐metal transition‐metal catalysts. Herein, we report the facile and convenient generation of reactive benzyl anionic species from styrenes. A CuI‐catalyzed Markovnikov hydroboration of the styrenic double bond by using a bulky pinacol borane source is followed by treatment with KOtBu to facilitate a sterically induced cleavage of the CB bond to produce a benzylic carbanion. Quenching this intermediate with a variety of electrophiles, including CO2, CS2, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates, promotes CC bond formation at the benzylic carbon atom. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated in a three‐step, two‐pot synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (±)‐flurbiprofen.
From Bola‐amphiphiles to Supra‐amphiphiles: The Transformation from Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets into One‐Dimensional Nanofibers with Tunable‐Packing Fashion of n‐Type Chromophores
Authors: Liu Kai , Yao Yuxing , Wang Chao , Liu Yu , Li Zhibo , Zhang Xi
Published: June 2012

With a rational design of the supra‐amphiphiles, we have successfully demonstrated that not only the dimension of the self‐assembled nanostructures, but also the packing fashion of the functional naphthalene diimide (a typical n‐type chromophore), can be tuned in a noncovalent way in aqueous solution. Naphthalene diimide is incorporated into a bola‐amphiphile as the rigid core, whereas viologen derivatives are used as the hydrophilic head. The bola‐amphiphile self‐assembles into two‐dimensional nanosheets, in which naphthalene diimide adopts a “J‐type” aggregation. Water‐soluble supramolecular complexation between viologen derivatives and the 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1, 3, 6‐trisulfonic acid trisodium salt is used as a driving force for the formation of the supra‐amphiphiles. Upon formation of the supra‐amphiphiles, the nanosheets transform into ultralong nanofibers with a close packing of naphthalene diimide. Notably, just by mixing the two building blocks of the supra‐amphiphiles in aqueous solution, a dimension‐controlled evolution of the nanostructures is formed that leads to a different packing fashion of the n‐type functional chromophores, which is facile and environmental friendly.
Comparison of cobas human papillomavirus test results from primary versus secondary vials of PreservCyt specimens and evaluation of potential cross‐contamination
Authors: Rao Arundhati , Young Stephen , Krevolin Mark , Sun Rita , Purner Matthew B. , Sharma Abha , Behrens Catherine M.
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:

The preferred workflow for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing in the majority of laboratories involves cytology processing of samples collected in liquid‐based cytology medium followed by hrHPV testing. The cobas HPV Test received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration in April 2011, and the supporting clinical trial design necessitated prealiquoting the sample used for hrHPV testing from the PreservCyt primary vial into a secondary vial that was placed on the cobas 4800 System.

METHODS:

To validate use of the postcytology residual sample in the primary vial, the authors presented the results of cross‐contamination studies and a comparison of the cobas HPV Test results from the prealiquot in the secondary vial with results obtained from the postcytology primary vial on samples processed on either the Hologic ThinPrep 2000 System (T2000) or ThinPrep 3000 System (T3000).

RESULTS:

Cross‐contamination checkerboard studies with 100 samples processed on the T2000 system and 120 samples processed on the T3000 system indicated no conversion of primary vial results from positive to negative or from negative to positive. For clinical samples, approximately 1100 archived specimens from the ATHENA (Addressing the Need for Advanced HPV Diagnostics) study and 1100 combined archived and fresh primary vial specimens that had been processed on the T2000 and T3000 processors, respectively, were compared. The overall percentage agreement between the primary and secondary vials was at least 93.5%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The postcytology residual of samples collected in PreservCyt primary vials and run on the T2000 and T3000 processors provided reliable cobas HPV Test results that were comparable to results from the precytology secondary vial, without any evidence of contamination. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Energy‐efficient radio remote units placement for single‐user uplink in C‐RAN
Authors: Shao Shihai , Han Liang , Shen Ying , Tang Youxi
Published: June 2012

Because of the increasing energy consumption in radio access networks, a new radio access network called Cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) has attracted increasing attention. In C‐RAN, the distributed radio remote units (RRUs) are located in different sites and the placement of RRUs will influence the system performance. However, few researches investigate the optimal RRU placement from the perspective of energy efficiency, which is one of the most important characteristics of C‐RAN. In this paper, we first derive the energy efficiency of C‐RAN to achieve certain QoS requirements considering the circuitry energy consumption. Then, we obtain the optimal placement of RRUs by minimizing the consumed energy per bit. Numerical results are also presented to validate the analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiuser multimedia communication over orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access downlink systems
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Danyang , Wang Minghui
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the problem of multiuser multimedia communication over orthogonal frequency‐division multiple‐access downlink systems. A cross‐layer design is proposed to maximize the received video quality of all the users subject to the network resource constraint. With the optimal joint subcarrier assignment and power allocation, the proposed scheme can maximally satisfy the requirements of the packet scheduling from the higher layer. Employing the Lagrange dual decomposition method, we can obtain the global optimal solution to the optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance compared with the existing alternatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting lock‐based multiprocessor resource sharing protocols in real‐time programming languages
Authors: Lin Shiyao , Wellings Andy , Burns Alan
Published: June 2012

Lock‐based resource sharing protocols for single processor systems are well understood and supported in programming languages such as Ada and the Real‐Time Specification for Java, and in Real‐Time Operating Systems, such as those that conform to the Real‐Time POSIX standard. In contrast, multiprocessor resource sharing protocols are still in their infancy with no agreed best practices, and yet current real‐time programming languages and operating systems claim to be suitable for multiprocessor applications. This paper reviews the currently available multiprocessor resource allocation policies and analyzes their applicability to the main industry standard real‐time programming languages. It then proposes a framework that allows programmers to define and implement their own locking policy. A prototype implementation of the framework for Ada is presented and evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Do Service Users with Bipolar Disorder Want from a Web‐Based Self‐Management Intervention? A Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Todd Nicholas J. , Jones Steven H. , Lobban Fiona A.
Published: June 2012

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent severe mental health problem. A web‐based self‐management intervention provides the opportunity to widen access to psychological interventions. This qualitative study aims to identify what an ideal web‐based intervention would look like for service users with BD.

Methods

Twelve service users with BD were recruited in the UK and took part in a series of focus groups to inform and refine the development of a web‐based self‐management intervention. Reported here is a subset analysis of data gathered with the primary aim of identifying the needs and desires of service users for such an intervention for BD. We analysed service users' responses to questions about content, outcomes, format, barriers and support. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was employed.

Results

The data were ordered into four key themes: (1) gaining an awareness of and managing mood swings; (2) not just about managing mood swings: the importance of practical and interpersonal issues; (3) managing living within mood swings without losing the experience; (4) internet is the only format: freely accessible, instant and interactive; (5) professional and peer support to overcome low motivation and procrastination difficulties.

Limitations

The small group of participants are not representative of those living with BD.

Conclusions

These findings have significantly enhanced our understanding of what service users with BD want from a web‐based self‐management intervention and have clear implications for the future development of such approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Service users desire a web‐based self‐management approach that gives them the techniques they need to not only manage their moods but also manage their lives alongside the disorder, including interpersonal and practical issues.

Service users describe their primary outcome, not as a cure or reduction in their symptoms, but instead being able to live a fulfilling life alongside their condition.

Service users see the internet as their preferred format because of the increased accessibility to evidence‐based intervention.

Service users discussed the potential barriers to web‐based interventions including motivation and procrastination. Effective and acceptable content and low‐level support provide potential solutions to these issues.
Performances of OFDM‐CDMA receivers with MIMO communications
Authors: Chang Jui‐Chi , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Wang Hsuan‐Fu , Shen Sheng‐Chin
Published: June 2012

This paper considers the joint design of OFDM and code division multiple access (CDMA) with MIMO communications. The receivers for both Bell Labs Layered Space Time system and space–time block code are designed in this paper. The performances of the MIMO‐OFDM‐CDMA receivers are investigated in several typical fading channels. The maximum likelihood, zero forcing, and minimum mean square error receivers for the MIMO‐OFDM‐CDMA systems are derived, and the performances in the typical fading channels are verified by the simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of C‐MYC oncogene translocation and copy number change in the normal‐dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence of the larynx by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Liu Yu , Gong Li‐Ping , Dong Xiao‐Li , Liu Hong‐Gang
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the translocation and copy number change of the C‐MYC gene in patients with laryngeal dysplasia and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to evaluate the prevalence of such expression in relation to the normal‐dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded blocks of 93 laryngeal lesion specimens (14 normal epithelium, 15 mild dysplasia, 18 moderate dysplasia, 16 severe dysplasia, 9 carcinoma in situ, and 21 invasive carcinoma). C‐MYC translocation was not observed in all laryngeal tissue. The high frequency for C‐MYC copy‐number increased (100%) in invasive carcinoma: 57.14% amplifications and 42.86% gains, and the positive rate of C‐MYC amplification and copy‐number change increased with the increasing severity of laryngeal lesions (P < 0.0001). The results suggest that C‐MYC may be activated by gain/amplification in LSCC and precancerous lesions. Thus, C‐MYC may play an important role in promoting LSCC progression, and early FISH detection of C‐MYC may be exploited to set a screening test for laryngeal dysplasia. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ecohydrology of an outbreak: mountain pine beetle impacts trees in drier landscape positions first
Authors: Kaiser Kendra E. , McGlynn Brian L. , Emanuel Ryan E.
Published: June 2012

Vegetation pattern and landscape structure intersect to exert strong control over ecohydrological dynamics at the watershed scale. The hydrologic implications of vegetation disturbance (e.g. fire, disease) depend on the spatial pattern and form of environmental change. Here, we investigate this intersection at Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF), Montana, with a focus on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic currently affecting the Rocky Mountains. We calibrated QuickBird remote sensing imagery with a leaf‐level spectral library of local vegetation. We used this spectral library to determine diagnostic vegetation indices for differentiating stages of beetle infestation within the 37 km2 TCEF watershed. These indices formed the basis of a three‐component mixing model to establish the extent and magnitude of beetle infestation across the TCEF watershed. We compared disturbance patterns with spatially distributed topography and vegetation variables derived from a light detection and ranging‐based digital elevation model of TCEF. We determined that certain landscape characteristics (low vegetation density, south‐facing slopes, steep slopes, locations with small contributing areas and locations with lower values of the topographic wetness index) were significantly more likely to exhibit the effects of beetle infestation. Our efforts to monitor vegetation mortality across space and time provide a context for assessing landscape susceptibility to initial mountain pine beetle infestation and how outbreak (i.e. landscape scale infestation) patterns may affect watershed ecohydrology via altered water and biogeochemical cycles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fe3O4‐Nanoparticle‐Embedded Multifunctional Hollow Mesoporous Silica Capsules
Authors: Hwang Yong‐Kyung , Choi Jong‐Nam , Cho Jee‐Hyun , Kwon Hyockman , Huh Seong
Published: June 2012

Magnetic nanoparticle‐embedded hollow mesoporous silica capsules (Mag‐HMSCs) with a large surface hole are prepared by a cholesterol‐assisted emulsion method. The resulting Mag‐HMSC materials have a hollow capsular geometry with a mesostructured silica wall. They exhibit a very high intracellular delivery efficiency of the representative large protein, antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG). As a result of the embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Mag‐HMSC materials also serve as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Good T2‐weighted MR image contrasts were observed.
Synthetic Studies Towards the Core Tricyclic Ring System of Pradimicin A
Authors: Zilke Laura , Hall Dennis G.
Published: June 2012

Pradimicins are structurally intriguing natural products that possess potent biological activity as antifungal and antiviral agents through a unique mode of action as carbohydrate binding agents. A preliminary synthetic approach towards pradimicin A has focused on a model study of the core tricyclic ring system. The route features an alkoxyallylboration/cycloisomerization/Diels–Alder cycloaddition sequence as the key steps. The alkoxyallylboration was critical for differentiating the hydroxy groups in the central cyclohexadienediol unit of pradimycins, which will ensure a regiocontrolled glycosylation. For the cycloisomerization reaction, various substrates and conditions were tested for a ring‐closing enyne metathesis reaction. With enyne substrate 23, dimerization‐prone bicyclic diene 24 was isolated as the major product under the conditions of both ruthenium‐catalyzed metathesis and palladium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization. In the end, the optimal route found for the synthesis of the model functionalized tricyclic ring system 31 features a one‐pot sequential palladium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization, Diels–Alder reaction, and oxidative aromatization.
Chiral Diphosphane‐ and NHC‐Containing Ruthenium Catalysts for the Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldimines with Organoboron Reagents
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Burke Anthony J.
Published: June 2012

For the first time, we report the application of [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)]2 in the arylation of N‐activated aldimines with boronic acids and its derivatives to afford chiral amines, which are important intermediates in the syntheses of key bioactive compounds. The behavior of the chiral ligands, the imine substrates, and the organoboron reagents were studied. Very good enantioselectivities were obtained.
Collective regret versus collective guilt: Different emotional reactions to historical atrocities
Authors: Imhoff Roland , Bilewicz Michał , Erb Hans‐Peter
Published: June 2012

A distinction between guilt and regret in reactions to in‐group atrocities is proposed. Four studies (total N = 1249) support the notion that guilt and regret are distinct emotional reactions. Whereas guilt is a self‐focused, aversive emotional reaction following from appraisals of responsibility and associated with the intention to make amends, regret follows from an empathic victim perspective, is less aversive, and is more strongly associated with positive attitudes towards the victim groups and the intention to engage in intergroup contact. These findings suggest that less aversive emotions like regret are more likely to improve intergroup attitudes after a common history of conflict, but the aversive experience of guilt might be more potent in motivating reparations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact model for simulation of base isolated buildings impacting flexible moat walls
Authors: Masroor A. , Mosqueda G.
Published: June 2012

Base isolated buildings subjected to extreme earthquakes can exceed their design displacements and impact against the surrounding moat wall. To better understand the consequences of impact on the superstructure, an impact element considering moat wall flexibility is proposed based on impact theory and observations during experimental simulations. It is demonstrated that numerical simulations using the proposed impact element can capture the dominant characteristics of the contact force observed in experiments of base isolated buildings impacting various moat wall configurations including concrete walls with soil backfill and rigid steel walls. The contact force is dependent on impact velocity, geometry, and material properties at the contact surface, and the global dynamic characteristic of the moat wall. Properties of the moat wall impact element are derived based on mechanics‐based models considering material properties and geometric measurements of the experimental setup. For this purpose, the moat wall is modeled as a flexural column with a concentrated nonlinear hinge at its base and soil backfill considered through a damped elastic foundation then generalized into a single degree of freedom system. The resulting impact element is shown to accurately capture both local deformation and the vibration aspects of impact observed in experiments and the effects of impact on superstructure response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual performance‐based seismic design using building‐level and story‐level decision support system
Authors: Zareian Farzin , Krawinkler Helmut
Published: June 2012

This paper summarizes the body of research on the development of a practical approach for conceptual performance‐based design, and the semi‐graphical design decision support system (DDSS) devised for its application. The objective of the study presented here is to improve the previous implementation of DDSS, which was based on representing losses at the building‐level, to a more refined form in which losses at the story/floor level are addressed. DDSS provides engineers with insight in making informed decisions on the choice of an effective structural system and its stiffness (period), base shear strength, and other important global structural parameters for target performance objectives, which are defined by placing limits on direct (monetary) loss and probability of collapse. A byproduct of this performance‐based design process is that it can be used as simplified performance‐based assessment process by only changing the flow of information from ground motion hazard to loss estimation. The DDSS proposed in this study is supported with a database of structural response parameters obtained for a wide‐range of combination in structural parameters of frame and wall structural systems. The proposed process is illustrated in an example to demonstrate its practicality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear backward ADPCM speech coding using kernel methods and online sparsification
Authors: Alipoor Ghasem , Savoji Mohammad Hassan
Published: June 2012

Modeling using neural networks and Volterra expansion are widely used in signal processing to account for nonlinear characteristics inherent in natural signals. In spite of their good performance in a wide range of applications, adaptive implementations of these models suffer from severe problems of a large number of parameters, slow convergence, and the risk of being trapped in local minima. Furthermore, inherent instability of the Volterra filters makes them unsuitable for applications that require synthesis or reconstruction, for example, speech coding. Nonetheless, kernel methods in the framework of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces are emerging solutions that can tackle these problems by extending linear algorithms to spaces created by nonlinear mapping of the input signal. In this paper, we address the problems encountered in nonlinear adaptive coding by employing, for the first time, several kernel adaptive algorithms in the framework of speech coding using the adaptive differential pulse code modulation technique. Particular attention is focused on the effects of various sparsification techniques on the performance of the resultant algorithms. Simulation results show that utilizing kernel methods results in an average improvement of up to 3.4 dB in the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the reconstructed speech. This is while a lower improvement of up to 1.4 dB is achieved by exploiting Volterra filters at the cost of a demanding increase in the complexity, a slight increase in the bit‐rate and introducing a relatively long delay. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.