bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Fuzzy Controller Design for Autonomous Robot Path Tracking Using Population-Based Metaheuristics
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra , García-Valdez Mario , Castillo Oscar , Merelo-Guervós Juan Julian
Published: January 2022

In this work, we propose, through the use of population-based metaheuristics, an optimization method that solves the problem of autonomous path tracking using a rear-wheel fuzzy logic controller. This approach enables the design of controllers using rules that are linguistically familiar to human users. Moreover, a new technique that uses three different paths to validate the performance of each candidate configuration is presented. We extend on our previous work by adding two more membership functions to the previous fuzzy model, intending to have a finer-grained adjustment. We tuned the controller using several well-known metaheuristic methods, Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Harmony Search (HS), and the recent Aquila Optimizer (AO) and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithms. Experiments validate that, compared to published results, the proposed fuzzy controllers have better RMSE-measured performance. Nevertheless, experiments also highlight problems with the common practice of evaluating the performance of fuzzy controllers with a single problem case and performance metric, resulting in controllers that tend to be overtrained.
Khat, a Cultural Chewing Drug: A Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Summary
Authors: Silva Bárbara , Soares Jorge , Rocha-Pereira Carolina , Mladěnka Přemysl , Remião Fernando ,   on behalf of The OEMONOM Researchers
Published: January 2022

Khat (Catha edulis) is a recreational, chewed herbal drug that has been used as a psychostimulant for centuries in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, namely in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen. However, the growing worldwide availability of khat has produced widespread concern. The plant comprises a large number of active substances, among which cathinone, cathine, and norephedrine are the main constituents, which can be included in the group of sympathomimetics of natural origin. In fact, these compounds are amphetamine analogues, and, as such, they have amphetamine-like nervous system stimulant effects. Chewing the leaves gives people a sensation of well-being and increases energy, alertness, and self-confidence. The chronic use of khat is, however, associated with severe cardiac, neurological, psychological, and gastrointestinal complications. The psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms of khat are the reasons for its prolonged use. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on the khat plant with toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic perspectives. Namely, this review paper addresses in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. The models used, as well as the concentrations and doses with the respective biological effects, are discussed. Additionally, the main drug interactions involved with khat are described.
Bioprospecting Phenols as Inhibitors of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium: Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Wheat Pathogens
Authors: Chtioui Wiem , Balmas Virgilio , Delogu Giovanna , Migheli Quirico , Oufensou Safa
Published: January 2022

Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi able to cause Fusarium head blight and Fusarium foot and root rot on wheat. Among relevant pathogenic species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum cause significant yield and quality loss and result in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes, which are a major health concern for humans and animals. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are being increasingly explored as fungicides on those pathogens. This review summarizes recent research activities related to the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of natural phenolic compounds against Fusarium, including studies into the mechanisms of action of major exogenous phenolic inhibitors, their structure-activity interaction, and the combined effect of these compounds with other natural products or with conventional fungicides in mycotoxin modulation. The role of high-throughput analysis tools to decipher key signaling molecules able to modulate the production of mycotoxins and the development of sustainable formulations enhancing potential inhibitors’ efficacy are also discussed.
Recent Progress in Rapid Determination of Mycotoxins Based on Emerging Biorecognition Molecules: A Review
Authors: Wang Yanru , Zhang Cui , Wang Jianlong , Knopp Dietmar
Published: January 2022

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species, which pose significant risk to humans and livestock. The mycotoxins which are produced from Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are considered most important and therefore regulated in food- and feedstuffs. Analyses are predominantly performed by official laboratory methods in centralized labs by expert technicians. There is an urgent demand for new low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable analytical devices for rapid on-site determination. Most significant advances were realized in the field bioanalytical techniques based on molecular recognition. This review aims to discuss recent progress in the generation of native biomolecules and new bioinspired materials towards mycotoxins for the development of reliable bioreceptor-based analytical methods. After brief presentation of basic knowledge regarding characteristics of most important mycotoxins, the generation, benefits, and limitations of present and emerging biorecognition molecules, such as polyclonal (pAb), monoclonal (mAb), recombinant antibodies (rAb), aptamers, short peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are discussed. Hereinafter, the use of binders in different areas of application, including sample preparation, microplate- and tube-based assays, lateral flow devices, and biosensors, is highlighted. Special focus, on a global scale, is placed on commercial availability of single receptor molecules, test-kits, and biosensor platforms using multiplexed bead-based suspension assays and planar biochip arrays. Future outlook is given with special emphasis on new challenges, such as increasing use of rAb based on synthetic and naïve antibody libraries to renounce animal immunization, multiple-analyte test-kits and high-throughput multiplexing, and determination of masked mycotoxins, including stereoisomeric degradation products.
Ecotoxicological Effects of Aflatoxins on Earthworms under Different Temperature and Moisture Conditions
Authors: Fouché Tanya , Claassens Sarina , Maboeta Mark Steve
Published: January 2022

Aflatoxin contamination remains one of the most important threats to food safety and human health. Aflatoxins are mainly found in soil, decaying plant material and food storage systems and are particularly abundant during drought stress. Regulations suggest the disposal of aflatoxin-contaminated crops by incorporation into the soil for natural degradation. However, the fate and consequences of aflatoxin in soil and on soil organisms providing essential ecological services remain unclear and could potentially pose a risk to soil health and productivity. The protection of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential for the success of the declared United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. The focus of this study was to investigate the toxicological consequences of aflatoxins to earthworms’ survival, growth, reproduction and genotoxicity under different temperature and moisture conditions. Results indicated an insignificant effect of aflatoxin concentrations between 10 and 100 µg/kg on the survival, growth and reproduction but indicated a concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage at standard testing conditions. However, the interaction of the toxin with different environmental conditions, particularly low moisture, resulted in significantly reduced reproduction rates and increased DNA damage in earthworms.
Synergistic Pathogenicity by Coinfection and Sequential Infection with NADC30-like PRRSV and PCV2 in Post-Weaned Pigs
Authors: Zhang Jinyong , Wang Peng , Xie Changzhan , Ha Zhuo , Shi Ning , Zhang He , Li Zhuoxin , Han Jicheng , Xie Yubiao , Qiu Xiangshu , Tao Yimo , Jin Ningyi , Lu Huijun
Published: January 2022

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus (PCVs) are two major viruses that affect pigs. Coinfections between PRRSV and PCV2 are frequently reported in most outbreaks, with clinical presentations involving dyspnea, fever, reduced feed intake, weight loss, and death in fattening pigs. The NADC30-like PRRSV and PCV2d are the main circulating virus strains found in China. This study determines the impact of NADC30-like PRRSV and PCV2d mono-infection and coinfection on the immune system, organ pathology, and viral shedding in five-week-old post-weaned pigs. Pigs were randomly divided into six groups: PBS, PRRSV, PCV2, PRRSV-PCV2 coinfection (co), and PRRSV-PCV2 or PCV2-PRRSV sequential infections. Fever, dyspnea, decreased feed intake, weight loss, and pig deaths occurred in groups infected with PRRSV, Co-PRRSV-PCV2, and PRRSV-PCV2. The viral load was higher in Co-PRRSV-PCV2, PRRSV-PCV2, and PCV2-PRRSV than those mono-infected with PRRSV or PCV2. Additionally, cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) produced by pigs under Co-PRRSV-PCV2 and PRRSV-PCV2 groups were more intense than the other groups. Necropsy findings showed hemorrhage, emphysema, and pulmonary adhesions in the lungs of pigs infected with PRRSV. Smaller alveoli and widened lung interstitium were found in the Co-PRRSV-PCV2 and PRRSV-PCV2 groups. In conclusion, PRRSV and PCV2 coinfection and sequential infection significantly increased viral pathogenicity and cytokine responses, resulting in severe clinical signs, lung pathology, and death.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Autographiviridae Phage and Its Combined Effect with Tigecycline in Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Associated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Wintachai Phitchayapak , Surachat Komwit , Singkhamanan Kamonnut
Published: January 2022

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR A. baumannii) is one of the ESKAPE pathogens that restricts available treatment options. MDR A. baumannii is responsible for a dramatic increase in case numbers of a wide variety of infections, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), resulting in pyoderma, surgical debridement, and necrotizing fasciitis. To investigate an alternative medical treatment for SSTIs, a broad range lytic Acinetobacter phage, vB _AbP_ABWU2101 (phage vABWU2101), for lysing MDR A. baumannii in associated SSTIs was isolated and the biological aspects of this phage were investigated. Morphological characterization and genomic analysis revealed that phage vABWU2101 was a new species in the Friunavirus, Beijerinckvirinae, family Autographiviridae, and order Caudovirales. Antibiofilm activity of phage vABWU2101 demonstrated good activity against both preformed biofilms and biofilm formation. The combination of phage vABWU2101 and tigecycline showed synergistic antimicrobial activities against planktonic and biofilm cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the antibacterial efficacy of the combination of phage vABWU2101 and tigecycline was more effective than the phage or antibiotic alone. Hence, our findings could potentially be used to develop a therapeutic option for the treatment of SSTIs caused by MDR A. baumannii.
Characterisation of an Anti-Vaccinia Virus F13 Single Chain Fragment Variable from a Human Anti-Vaccinia Virus-Specific Recombinant Immunoglobulin Library
Authors: Ahsendorf Henrike P. , Diesterbeck Ulrike S. , Hotop Sven-Kevin , Winkler Michael , Brönstrup Mark , Czerny Claus-Peter
Published: January 2022

Vaccinia virus (VACV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. There are four different forms of infectious virus particles: intracellular mature virus (IMV), intracellular en-veloped virus (IEV), cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). The F13 protein occupies the inner side of the CEV- and EEV-membranes and the outer side of the IEV-membranes. It plays an important role in wrapping progress and EEV production. We constructed a human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library with a diversity of ≥4 × 108 independent colonies using peripheral blood from four vaccinated donors. One anti-F13 scFv was isolated and characterised after three rounds of panning. In Western blotting assays, the scFv 3E2 reacted with the recombinant F13VACV protein with a reduction of binding under denatured and reduced conditions. Two antigenic binding sites (139-GSIHTIKTLGVYSDY-153 and 169-AFNSAKNSWLNL-188) of scFv 3E2 were mapped using a cellulose membrane encompassing 372 15-mere peptides with 12 overlaps covering the whole F13 protein. No neutralisation capa-bilities were observed either in the presence or absence of complement. In conclusion, the con-struction of recombinant immunoglobulin libraries is a promising strategy to isolate specific scFvs to enable the study of the host-pathogen interaction.
Adaptive Immune Responses, Immune Escape and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis during HDV Infection
Authors: Oberhardt Valerie , Hofmann Maike , Thimme Robert , Neumann-Haefelin Christoph
Published: January 2022

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest known human virus, yet it causes great harm to patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). As a satellite virus of HBV, HDV requires the surface antigen of HBV (HBsAg) for sufficient viral packaging and spread. The special circumstance of co-infection, albeit only one partner depends on the other, raises many virological, immunological, and pathophysiological questions. In the last years, breakthroughs were made in understanding the adaptive immune response, in particular, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in self-limited versus persistent HBV/HDV co-infection. Indeed, the mechanisms of CD8+ T cell failure in persistent HBV/HDV co-infection include viral escape and T cell exhaustion, and mimic those in other persistent human viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HBV mono-infection. However, compared to these larger viruses, the small HDV has perfectly adapted to evade recognition by CD8+ T cells restricted by common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles. Furthermore, accelerated progression towards liver cirrhosis in persistent HBV/HDV co-infection was attributed to an increased immune-mediated pathology, either caused by innate pathways initiated by the interferon (IFN) system or triggered by misguided and dysfunctional T cells. These new insights into HDV-specific adaptive immunity will be discussed in this review and put into context with known well-described aspects in HBV, HCV, and HIV infections.
The Myotis chiloensis Guano Virome: Viral Nucleic Acid Enrichments for High-Resolution Virome Elucidation and Full Alphacoronavirus Genome Assembly
Authors: Aguilar Pierlé Sebastian , Zamora Gabriel , Ossa Gonzalo , Gaggero Aldo , Barriga Gonzalo P.
Published: January 2022

Bats are widespread mammals of the order Chiroptera. They are key for ecosystem functioning, participating in crucial processes. Their unique ability amongst mammals to fly long distances, their frequently large population sizes, and their longevity favor infectious agent persistence and spread. This includes a large variety of viruses, encompassing many important zoonotic ones that cause severe diseases in humans and domestic animals. Despite this, the understanding of the viral ecological diversity residing in bat populations remains unclear, which complicates the determination of the origins of zoonotic viruses. To gain knowledge on the viral community of a widely distributed insectivorous bat species, we characterized the guano virome of a native Chilean bat species (Myotis chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1840)). By applying a novel enrichment strategy, we were able to secure a consequent percentage of viral reads, providing unprecedented resolution for a bat virome. This in turn enabled us to identify and assemble a new bat alphacoronavirus from Chilean bats closely related to PEDV, an important viral pathogen with high mortality rates in suckling piglets. This study highlights the importance of applying and improving high-resolution virome studies in this vital order to ultimately enhance epidemiological surveillance for potentially zoonotic pathogens.
Does Anybody Want an Injectable Rotavirus Vaccine, and Why? Understanding the Public Health Value Proposition of Next-Generation Rotavirus Vaccines
Authors: Hausdorff William P. , Price Jessica , Debellut Frédéric , Mooney Jessica , Torkelson Andrew A. , Giorgadze Khatuna , Pecenka Clint
Published: January 2022

Routine infant immunization with live, oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) has had a major impact on severe gastroenteritis disease. Nevertheless, in high morbidity and mortality settings rotavirus remains an important cause of disease, partly attributable to the sub-optimal clinical efficacy of LORVs in those settings. Regardless of the precise immunological mechanism(s) underlying the diminished efficacy, the introduction of injectable next-generation rotavirus vaccines (iNGRV), currently in clinical development, could offer a potent remedy. In addition to the potential for greater clinical efficacy, precisely how iNGRVs are delivered (multiple doses to young infants; alongside LORVs or as a booster; co-formulated with Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP)-containing vaccines), their pricing, and their storage and cold chain characteristics could each have major implications on the resultant health outcomes, on cost-effectiveness as well as on product preferences by national stakeholders and healthcare providers. To better understand these implications, we critically assessed whether there is a compelling public health value proposition for iNGRVs based on potential (but still hypothetical) vaccine profiles. Our results suggest that the answer is highly dependent on the specific use cases and potential attributes of such novel vaccines. Notably, co-formulation of iNGRVs with similar or greater efficacy than LORVs with a DTP-containing vaccine, such as DTP-Hib-HepB, scored especially high on potential impact, cost-effectiveness, and strength of preference by national stakeholders and health care providers in lower and middle income countries.
Orally Administrated Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Displaying ROP4 Induces Protection against Toxoplasma gondii Challenge Infection
Authors: Yoon Keon-Woong , Chu Ki-Back , Kang Hae-Ji , Kim Min-Ju , Eom Gi-Deok , Quan Fu-Shi
Published: January 2022

Recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) are attenuated viruses and are widely utilized as vectored vaccine platforms against numerous diseases. However, the protective efficacy of these rVV vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii and the resulting mucosal immunity has not been thoroughly assessed. Here, rVVs expressing the rhoptry protein 4 (ROP4) of T. gondii were generated. To evaluate the protection induced by the vaccines, mice were orally immunized with the ROP4-rVVs and subsequently challenge-infected with a lethal dose of T. gondii ME49 strain. Immunization with the rVVs induced higher levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in sera compared to unimmunized control (NC). Upon challenge infection, significantly higher levels of IgG or IgA antibody responses in the brain, intestines, and vaginal samples were found in the immunized mice compared to NC. The ROP4-rVV vaccination elicited potent IgG and IgA secreting cell (ASC) responses, while substantially enhancing germinal center B cell, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses from lymphoid organs. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 in the brains was markedly diminished following immunization. The immunized mice also experienced reduced bodyweight loss and possessed fewer brain cysts than the control group. These results suggest that oral delivery of ROP4 displaying rVVs induced mucosal and systemic immunities that contributed to protection against lethal T. gondii challenge infection.
Bismuth-Chitosan Nanocomposite Sensors for Trace Level Detection of Ni(II) and Co(II) in Water Samples
Authors: Pilevar Mohsen , Hwang Jae-Hoon , Stanberry Jordan , Anagnostopoulos Vasileios , Chumbimuni-Torres Karin , Lee Woo Hyoung
Published: January 2022

Trace minerals play an essential role in methane production via anaerobic digestion (AD). It is important to monitor Ni(II) and Co(II) concentrations and the Ni/Co concentration ratio for the rapid diagnosis of the ecological status or activity of methanogens in AD. Electrochemical detection of Ni(II) and Co(II) was investigated by coating the Bi-chitosan nanocomposite on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via the electrodeposition technique. A square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry technique (SWAdCSV) was applied and optimized when dimethylglyoxime (DMG) was used as the chelating agent for Ni(II) and Co(II) measurements. The SWAdCSV results showed that the current peaks for Co(II) detection are 6.1 times greater than the current peaks for Ni(II) measurements, probably due to the different affinity of DMG molecules between Ni(II) and Co(II). DMG molecules demonstrated higher selectivity toward Co(II) cations compared to Ni(II). The modified Bi-chitosan GCE developed in this study showed a relatively wide range of the Ni(II) and Co(II) concentrations (2–100 µg L−1) with a limit of detection of 3.6 µg L−1 for Ni(II) and 2.4 µg L−1 for Co(II), respectively. The developed sensor was applied to Ni(II) and Co(II) spiked natural water samples and showed good performance of detection with 12 consecutive measurements. Overall, the fabricated sensor showed excellent sensitivity toward Ni(II) and Co(II) in natural water samples.
Understanding Household Water-Use Behavior and Consumption Patterns during COVID-19 Lockdown in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almulhim Abdulaziz I. , Aina Yusuf A.
Published: January 2022

With the COVID-19 lockdown impacting the livelihood of people globally, changes in household behaviors, water consumption patterns, etc., have implications on sanitation, hygiene, and disease control. An online questionnaire survey was conducted, and officials were interviewed to assess the impact of the lockdown on water consumption patterns in the Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia. The multiple regression analysis on responses from the survey indicates that water consumption increased by 50% in 86% of the respondents, leading to higher utility bills. Socioeconomic factors also influenced water consumption. The officials interviewed emphasized the need for integrating water policies with disaster management actions. This study contributes to the prospering empirical literature on the pandemic COVID-19 and water consumption/usage behavioral practices by exploring the behavior of household water during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. This study can help decision-makers in Saudi Arabia and other developing countries in boosting awareness related to water management in crisis time.
The role of Enterococcus faecalis in apical periodontitis
Authors: Barantsevitch N. E. , Orekhova L. Yu. , Barantsevitch E. P.
Published: January 2022

Relevance. Apical periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases. Enterococcus faecalis, which naturally inhabits the intestine, relatively rarely colonizes the oral mucosa of healthy individuals – in 1-20% of cases. However, 68% of patients with oral infectious diseases (caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, etc.) demonstrate it, especially patients with comorbidity, e.g., diabetes mellitus (60% of cases). It may change the risk profile of the inflammatory periodontal disease progression caused by the appearance of unusual pathogens in the oral cavity. In the primary apical periodontitis, microorganisms usually spread into the periodontium from necrotized tissues of the tooth pulp, in secondary periodontitis – from the endodontically treated root canals. E faecalis has unique properties, i.e. resistance to physical and chemical factors, nutrient deficiency, which leads to the selection of this microorganism during the development of secondary apical periodontitis. 30-90% of root canals demonstrate this microorganism in this pathology. 33% of secondary apical periodontitis treatment fail due to this microorganism infection. E. faecalis exhibits natural and often acquired resistance to local and systemic antimicrobial drugs.Thus, successful treatment of apical periodontitis requires identifying the microorganism and/or determining the composition of the microbial community that caused its development and determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs due to the high frequency of association of this disease with i nfection of the affected area of E. faecalis.
The morphological and functional relationship between dental pulp and periodontal tissue in the aspect of endo-perio lesions
Authors: Moiseev D. A. , Volkov S. I. , Konov A. A. , Kulyukina M. A.
Published: January 2022

Relevance. The growing prevalence of combined endo-perio lesions (EPL) attracts the interest of researchers. Insufficiently covered in the scientific literature, issues of the anatomical and functional relationship between periodontal tissues and dental pulp, the lack of an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of EPL determine the need for their research. The study aimed to arrange the available data on the morpho-functional aspects of the relationship between dental pulp and periodontal tissues and their features that determine the p athogenesis of EPL.Materials and methods. The study found 2875 publications, presented in the international electronic scientific databases PubMed, Google Search, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciELO and eLibrary. Following the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, we selected 52 publications, which included the results on studying the structure and function of periodontal tissues, roots and pulp of teeth in the aspect of EPL development. The methodology of this study meets the criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA).

Results. In EPL lesions, inflammation is maintained by an infection, which persists in the additional root canals and dentinal tubules and the periodontal pocket. Prevention of the formation and elimination of infection foci in the root canal system of the tooth, periapical tissues and periodontal pockets is the basis for EPL prevention and treatment. At the same time, there are no diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, which allow timely detection of EPL and adequate treatment, depending on the primary lesion of pulpal and periodontal tissues and individual characteristics of the patient. The structure specifics of roots, pulp, cementum, periodontium and alveolar bone are described. The characteristic features of blood supply and innervation of the pulpal and periodontal tissues are presented. Promising areas of scientific research in EPL prevention and treatment are identified.Conclusion. Tooth pulp and periodontal tissues are closely related morphologically and functionally. They are principally connected through the apical foramina and additional canals. Bacterial infection can also penetrate the pulp and periodontal tissues from the infected root canal system of the tooth through the dentinal tubules of the tooth root.
The effectiveness of allogeneic dura mater for the preventive surgical treatment of single and multiple gingival recessions before orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: a clinical research
Authors: Nosova M. A. , Berezina D. D. , Volova L. T. , Sharov A. N. , Trunin D. A. , Postnikov M. A.
Published: January 2022

Relevance. Gingival recessions are frequent during or after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (65.0-86.7%). They are usually observed in anterior teeth, especially in teeth bodily movements along an archwire outside the bone or in buccal/ labial tipping more than five degrees along the axis (35%). Pre-existing recessions worsen during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and up to 5 years after the treatment (47%). The treatment of recessions during or after the orthodontic treatment is not strategically reasonable: the relapse rate is high, and the treatment implies large-scale surgical interventions, including osteoplastic surgery; it is more often performed with free gingival de-epithelized graft after the treatment, which has many comparative disadvantages. Purpose – the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a graft material (allogeneic dura mater) to eliminate gingival recessions before orthodontic treatment or to create/ thicken the volume of the gum buccally/ labially to prevent rec eding gum during or after orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods. The paper presents and closely analyzes preventive surgical treatment in a patient with pretreatment gingival recessions.Results. In all cases, using the dura mater demonstrates a positive clinical result by all parameters of the gingival recession assessment. The percentage of root coverage is 100% in all teeth.Conclusion. Preventive surgical treatment is reasonable in all cases as it eliminates the need for repeated interventions, excludes the onset of gingival recessions during or after orthodontic treatment, as well as the reappearance of gingival recessions. Dura mater is effective and safe in all cases; the response to surgery is normal, dura mater allows avoiding a second surgical field. We recommend including it in the standard protocol of orthodonti c treatment.
Empirical research of the development of the emotional and volitional spheres of older preschool children
Authors: Semenov Oleksandr , Semenova Nataliia , Fenko Mariia , Zdikhovskyi Andrii , Udot Viktoriia
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is an empirical study of psychological determinants and significant correlations between the development of older preschool children’s emotional and volitional spheres. The importance of preschool age in the development of the child’s psyche, feelings, emotions, self-control, empathy, and reflexive capacities was emphasized. Self-control was found to be low in a significant proportion of the respondents (n=46; 62.16%). The emotional reaction, which is the child’s empathic ability to empathize and sympathize, had high levels, according to the study (M1= 18.12; M2=12.00; M3=10.01). The empathetic capacity of a senior preschooler was in the active development phase and encourages the formation of empathic and reflexive abilities through play activities, particularly through such a form of leading mental activity as story-role play. The correlation matrix revealed that “Self-control” and “Emotional response” had a positive and relevant correlation (rs = .141; р < .05). It is stated that the presence of this correlation in the researched groups was a good marker of older preschool children’s emotional and volitional development.
Obtaining and studying the structure and properties of nanocomposites based on polyolefi ns and mineral fi llers: state of the art
Authors: Kakhramanov N. T. , Guliyev A. J. , Allahverdiyeva K. V.
Published: January 2022

The literature data on the problems of obtaining and studying polymer composite materials, nanocomposites, dynamically vulcanized elastoplasts are presented. Phase transformations and their infl uence on the structure and properties of multicomponent polymer systems are considered.
Efficacy and Safety of Sunflower Oil for Mild to Moderate Plaque-type Psoriasis: A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ilagan Franchesca Marie D , Letran Eleanor L , Policarpio Bernardita O
Published: January 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, complex, inflammatory disease that needs safe and effective treatment options to decrease its disease burden. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of sunflower oil in mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis at the outpatient department of a tertiary hospital. Methods: This was an 8-week, single-center, randomized, double-blind controlled trial that compared the efficacy and safety of sunflower oil + placebo cream (Group SO), betamethasone valerate cream + placebo oil (Group BC), sunflower oil + betamethasone valerate cream (Group SO-BC) in mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was used to measure the extent of psoriasis by assessing the erythema, induration, scaling, and body surface area involvement. The difference from baseline PASI was recorded. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire was used to measure the impact of psoriasis on the patient’s quality of life. Results: Fifty-one patients were randomized and blinded to three treatment arms; evaluated at baseline, week 4 and 8. The proportion of patients who achieved PASI ≥50 at week 4 was 29% in Group SO, 38% in Group BC, and 60% in Group SO-BC. By week 8, Groups SO and BC achieved 80% while Group SO-BC achieved 93%. There was significant decline of PASI at week 4 and week 8 compared to baseline. The mean percentage change of PASI was highest at Group SO-BC followed by Group BC and lastly Group SO at week 4 and week 8. The mean reduction in score for scaling was significantly higher in Group SO-BC. Mean reduction in induration and erythema was not statistically significant across the three groups. There was 40-50% improvement in DLQI scores in all groups. There were no adverse events. Conclusion: This study showed that sunflower oil is effective and safe in mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis.
A matter of age: Negotiation in child and adult interactions
Authors: Azpilicueta-Martínez Raúl , L´azaro-Ibarrola Amparo
Published: January 2022

Findings from task-supported interaction with adult populations have often been transferred to children with little to no modification. When (considerable) differences have been identified, adult and children interactions were analysed while performing different tasks or at different proficiency levels. This article attempts to provide a more reliable comparison by analysing level-matched adults and children performing the exact same task. This study examines the negotiation for meaning (NoM) strategies and their communicative functions in 20 young (age 8-9) children and 14 adults performing an information-gap narrative task with an adult proficient speaker. All participants had Spanish as their L1 and were beginner learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). The results revealed that the adult group produced significantly higher rates in all NoM strategies, with the exception of comprehension checks. However, both populations displayed commonalities in their interactional patterns, with a similar proportional use and functions of the NoM strategies and a clear tendency to imitate elements of their more proficient interlocutor’s output via other-repetitions. These findings provide evidence that the age factor at this level of proficiency may have a greater impact on the amount of NoM generated than on the type and function of the NoM strategies used.
Cultural Archetypes of Indus valley in ‘Legends of Indus’ by Samina Qureshi
Authors: Lodhi Dr. Muhammad Arfan
Published: January 2022

Folk tales, as the products of literary oral tradition, display many common characteristics in their form, content, and themes. However, at the same time, they have a local or national touch in them which differs them from the others. The five stories in this research reflect various modes and modes of Pakistani village life; they take us from the southeast, the ‘Thar’, through the Indus valley and the river of Punjab into the mountain land of the northwest. And present a flavor of Pakistani soil. National heroes in these folk tales represent the cultural diversities that constitute a perfect unity in which similarities, as well as differences among morals, values, value judgments, images, and traditions, are presented. So, this study aims to find out the Archetypal elements and compare the common characteristics of five folk tales from the Samina Qureshi book “The legends of Indus.” although they are from completely different, cultures and traditions. But they have some common values and traditions of society.
Exegese des Alten Testaments
Authors: Becker Uwe
Published: January 2022

Uwe Becker bietet eine prägnante Darstellung der heute gängigen Methoden der Auslegung des Alten Testaments. Sein Lehrbuch ist für Studierende aller Studiengänge der Theologie geeignet.
Kant
Authors: Gabriel Gottfried
Published: January 2022

Die akademische Fachliteratur zu Kant setzt meistens ein Verständnis seiner Philosophie voraus, ohne sich um deren Erläuterung zu bemühen. Dieser Band führt kompakt, textnah und problemorientiert in Kants Gesamtwerk ein. Analysiert werden nicht nur die Hauptwerke, Berücksichtigung finden auch die wichtigsten vorkritischen und kleineren Schriften. Ergänzend rücken ferner die Beziehungen zu anderen Autoren in den Blick. So können sich Studierende Kants Philosophie in ihren historischen und systematischen Zusammenhängen Schritt für Schritt erschließen.
Unterstützte Kommunikation
Authors: Scholz Markus , Stegkemper Jan M.
Published: January 2022

Menschen mit komplexen Kommunikationsbedürfnissen sind – wie alle anderen Menschen auch – grundlegend auf Beziehungen und Kommunikation angewiesen. Um sie in ihrer Kommunikation wirksam unterstützen zu können, schlägt dieses Buch eine Brücke zwischen Theorie, Empirie und unmittelbarer Praxis der Unterstützten Kommunikation.
Im Fokus des Lehrbuches stehen dabei sowohl die Einzelpersonen mit ihren jeweiligen Kommunikationsbedürfnissen als auch deren gesamtes Umfeld. Die Autoren liefern fundiertes Wissen über Kommunikationsmodelle, Unterstützte Kommunikation, deren Anwendung und stellen praktische Hilfen für die Unterstützte Kommunikation vor. LeserInnen erfahren, wie Maßnahmen zur Kommunikationsunterstützung sinnvoll durchgeführt, begleitet, überprüft und dokumentiert werden können.
Lernkarten Kinder- und Jugendhilferecht für die Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Wabnitz Reinhard J.
Published: January 2022

Prüfungsvorbereitung leicht gemacht
Mit diesen Lernkarten üben Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit die Basics zum Kinder- und Jugendhilferecht. 75 Lernfragen und Antworten behandeln die wichtigsten Regelungen im SGB VIII, die Leistungen und anderen Aufgaben in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sowie deren Trägerstrukturen und Behörden. Dabei wird auf die vielfältigen Hilfs- und Förderangebote Bezug genommen, u. a. Jugendarbeit, Jugendsozialarbeit, Kindertagesstätten, Hilfen zur Erziehung, Beratungsdienste und Schutzaufgaben zu Gunsten von Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Jetzt mit den aktuellsten Zahlen und Fakten der Reform zum „Gesetz zur Stärkung von Kindern und Jugendlichen (KJSG)“ vom 03. Juni 2021.
Hintergrundwissen gibt es bei Bedarf im Buch „Grundkurs Kinder- und Jugendhilferecht für die Soziale Arbeit“.
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3. Digitale Lernkarten mit integriertem E-Book „Grundkurs Kinder- und Jugendhilferecht für die Soziale Arbeit (7. Aufl.)“ (ISBN 978-3-8463-0266-8)
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IMPLEMENTASI WEB ELEKTRONIK (E-COMMERCE) DI TOKO PECAH BELAH CENTER DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERSAINGAN BISNIS PERDAGANGAN
Authors: Marini Marini , Sarwindah Sarwindah
Published: January 2022

Abstract - Implementation of Electronic Web (E-Commerce) that can make transactions for the community and increase trade. Electronic Web Implementation (E-Commerce) uses the OOAD method (Object Oriented Analysis Design). The development phase of design modeling uses problem analysis, and application marketing needs, process model design, data model design, application program creation, application implementation. This research serves to find out that internet usage in the present time has experienced significant development and benefits in the business field. This is mainly felt by large scale companies. The main objectives of its implementation can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the company, especially for the smooth running of business processes. The results of trials and evaluations conducted on E-Commerce web applications can increase product sales and increase business competition.Keywords - Web, E-commerce, OOAD, Implementasi, MySql Abstract - Implementasi Web Elektronik ( E-Commerce)  yang dapat mempermudah melakukan transaksi pembelian bagi masyarakat dan meningkatkan perdagangan.  Implementasi Web Elektronik ( E-Commerce) menggunakan metode OOAD(Object Oriented Analisis Design). Tahapan pengembangan Pemodelan desain  menggunakan analisis permasalahan, dan kebutuhan aplikasi pemasaran, desain model proses, desain model data, pembuatan program aplikasi, implementasi aplikasi. Penelitian ini berfungsi untuk mengetahui Penggunaan internet di masa kini sudah mengalami perkembangan dan pemberian manfaat yang signifikan pada bidang bisnis. Hal ini terutama dirasakan oleh perusahaan skala besar. Sasaran utama implementasinya  mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas perusahaan terutama bagi kelancaran proses bisnis. Hasil uji coba dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada aplikasi web E-Commerce ini mampu meningkatkan penjualan produk dan meningkatkat persaingan bisnis perusahaanKata kunci - Web, E-commerce, OOAD, Implementasi, MySql
IMPLEMENTASI METODE FORWARD CHAINING UNTUK DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT COVID 19 DI RSUD BERKAH PANDEGLANG BANTEN
Authors: Rizky Robby , Sukisno Sukisno , Ridwan Mohammad , Hakim Zaenal
Published: January 2022

Abstract - In 2020 there was an explosion of viruses that shocked the world, that we call Corona Virus Disease 2019. This virus is the development of the Mers virus (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus). COVID-9 can spread quickly compared to the Mers virus. The problem in Pandeglang Regency is the lack of medical personnel and medical devices. This is because Pandeglang Regency is an underdeveloped region among other regencies in Banten Province. Therefore, this research is intended to be able to help check patients who have positive Covid-19. The method used is the forward chaining method which is considered simple but easy to be understood. This method uses a continuous trace system that will detect every symptom experienced by the patient. The data used in the form of a questionnaire the results of interviews with experts in their fields. This research is expected to be able to contribute to Pandeglang Regency and break the chain of the spread of Covid-19 in underdeveloped regions that are difficult to get medical personnel and adequate equipment. The conclusion of this research is the forward chaining method can solve this problem.Keywords – Implementation, Forward Chaining Method, Covid-19, Berkah Pandeglang District Hospital (RSUD Berkah Pandeglang) Abstrak – Pada tahun 2020 terjadi begitu maraknya virus yang menggemparkan dunia yaitu Coronavirus Disease 2019. Virus ini merupakan pengembangan dari virus MERS (middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus). Covid-9 dapat menularkan dengan cepat dibandingkan virus Mers. Permasalahan yang ada di Kabupaten Pandeglang yaitu kurangnya tenaga medis dan alat kesehatan. Hal ini dikarenakan Kabupten Pandeglang merupakan daerah tertinggal di antara kabupaten lainnya yang ada di Provinsi Banten. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk dapat membantu pengecekan pasien yang terjangkit positif Covid-19. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode forward chaining yang dianggap sederhana namun mudah untuk dipahami. Metode ini menggunakan system runut maju yang akan mendeteksi setiap gejala yang dialami pasien. Data yang digunakan yaitu berupa kuesioner hasil wawancara dengan para pakar dibidangnya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap Kabupaten Pandeglang dan memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19 di daerah tertinggal yang sulit mendapatkan tenaga medis dan peralatan yang memadai. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini metode forward chaining dapat memecahkan permasalahan tersebut.Kata kunci – Implimentasi, Metode Forward Chaining, Covid-19, RSUD Berkah Pandeglang
IMPLEMENTASI FUZZY C-MEANS UNTUK PENGELOMPOKAN DAERAH BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR KESEHATAN
Authors: Nugraha Gibran Satya , Riyandari Baiq Amelia
Published: January 2022

Abstract - The health of each individual is very dependent on the health of the family which then goes to a broader level, namely the village, then the district, province, and also the country. The equitable distribution of health quality at the national level must start from the province first. But this has become difficult because the Indonesian state is an archipelago and has a very large population. Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has health problems, one of which is the spread of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and mental disorders which are quite extensive and relatively difficult to control. Uneven health services are a major factor in non-communicable diseases which are quite difficult to control. The grouping of districts/cities in NTB is one alternative to improve the quality of health services. A fairly reliable data grouping algorithm is Fuzzy C-Means, the algorithm classifies data based on the characteristics of the data they have. The results obtained in this study are grouping data into a variety depending on the data of each parameter owned by the district/city. The number of iterations is also very dependent on the value of the center of the cluster that is determined in the first iteration.Keywords – Fuzzy Logic, Clustering, Health, Grouping Abstract - Kesehatan masing-masing individu sangat bergantung pada kesehatan keluarga yang kemudian beranjak ke tingkat yang lebih luas yaitu tingkat desa/kelurahan kemudian kabupaten, provinsi, dan juga negara. Pemerataan kualitas kesehatan pada tingkat nasional, harus dimulai dari provinsi terlebih dahulu. Namun hal ini menjadi sulit dilakukan karena negara Indonsia yang berbentuk kepulauan dan memiliki jumlah penduduk yang sangat banyak. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki permasalahan kesehatan salah satunya yaitu persebaran penyakit tidak menular seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, dan gangguan jiwa menjadi cukup luas dan relatif sulit untuk dikendalikan. Pelayanan kesehatan yang belum merata menjadi faktor utama penyakit tidak menular tersebut cukup sulit untuk dikendalikan. Pengelompokan kabupaten/kota di NTB menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk pemerataan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan menjadi lebih baik. Algoritma pengelompokan data yang cukup handal adalah Fuzzy C-Means, algoritma tersebut mengelompokkan data berdasarkan karekteristik data yang mereka miliki. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengelompokan data menjadi beraneka ragam tergantung dari data masing-masing parameter yang dimiliki oleh kabupaten/kota. Jumlah iterasi juga sangat bergantung pada nilai pusat cluster yang ditentukan pada iterasi pertama.Kata kunci - Logika Fuzzy, Clustering, Kesehatan, Kelompok