bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seasonal Changes on Steroid Hormones Concentrations in the Golden Horn Estuary (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)
Authors: Ersoy Korkmaz Nagihan , Çağlar Nuray , Aksu Abdullah , Ünsal Tuba
Published: May 2020

In this study, the presence, distribution and concentration of steroidal hormones (Estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol) were examined in the Golden Horn Estuary (Marmara Sea, Turkey) for one year. The bottom and surface water samples were collected from nine stations in the Golden Horn Estuary four seasons a year. In order to determine the hormone amounts, solid phase extraction was applied to the water samples and then these samples were analyzed on the HPLC with DAD detector. Recoveries of these hormones were range from 92–100% for estuary water.

The highest concentrations of estrone, 17β- estradiol, 17α- ethynylestradiol were measured as 1.069 µg/L, 5.25 µg/L, 1.65 µg/L in Golden Horn, respectively. The concentrations of these three hormones are found higher in bottom water than the surface water and the highest concentrations of all hormones were determined in winter season.
Contributions to the study of micromycetes in the park and greenhouses of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (St. Petersburg)
Authors: Mel'nik V. A.
Published: May 2020

Data on 200 micromycetes revealed in the Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute are reported. Most of them refer to anamorphic fungi, namely 162 species (hyphomycetes — 81, coelomycetes — 81). Peronosporaceous fungi are represented by 14 species, ascomycetes by 18 species (including 11 powdery mildews), rust fungi by 6 species. Specimens of these micromycetes are kept in the mycological herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE).
Associations between Adolescents’ Prosocial Experiences and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alvis Lauren , Douglas Robyn , Shook Natalie , Oosterhoff Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Natural disasters and times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are extremely stressful events, with mental health consequences. But, such events also provide opportunities for prosocial support between citizens, which may be related to mental health symptoms and interpersonal needs. We examined adolescents’ prosocial experiences as both actors and recipients during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and assessed whether these experiences were associated with indicators of mental health. Adolescents (N = 437; 78% female) aged 13 to 20 years (Mage = 16.43, SD = 1.10; 63.6% White, 12.9% Hispanic/Latinx, 8.5% Asian, 4.2% Black, 2.8% Native American) were recruited across the US in early April of 2020. Participants reported on their COVID-19 prosocial experiences (helping others, receiving help) and mental health (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, burdensomeness, belongingness). Multiple regression models indicated greater engagement in COVID-19 prosocial behavior was associated with greater anxiety symptoms and greater burdensomeness. Receiving more COVID-19 help was associated with lower depressive symptoms and higher belongingness. Findings highlight the importance of furthering our understanding of the nuanced connections between prosocial experiences and adolescents' mental health to help inform post-pandemic recovery and relief efforts.
Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university
Authors: Odriozola-González Paula , Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , Irurtia-Muñiz María Jesús , de Luis-García Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the university community during the first weeks of confinement. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. The emotional impact of the situation was analyzed using the Impact of Event Scale. An online survey was fulfilled by 2530 members of the University of Valladolid, in Spain. Moderate to extremely severe scores of anxiety, depression, and stress were reported by 21.34%, 34.19% and 28.14% of the respondents, respectively. A total of 50.43% of respondents presented moderate to severe impact of the outbreak. Students from Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. In order to provide timely crisis-oriented psychological services and to take preventive measures in future pandemic situations, mental health in university students should be carefully monitored.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Agberotimi Samson Femi , Akinsola Olusola Stella , Oguntayo Rotimi , Olaseni Abayomi Oladele
Published: May 2020

This study examines the mental health outcomes among the healthcare personnel and the general population and the role of socioeconomic status. Eight hundred and eighty-four (884) residents in Nigeria comprising 382 Healthcare Personnel and 502 general residents aged between 18 and 78 years (M = 28.75, SD = 8.17) responded to an online survey with measures of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ–9) and Insomnia Severity Index. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS v.25. Results revealed significant difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 14.26; df = 4; p <0.01); insomnia symptoms (χ2 = 40.21; df = 3; p< 0.01); posttraumatic stress symptoms (χ2 = 08.34; df = 3; p< 0.05) and clinical anxiety symptoms (χ2 = 06.71; df = 1; p <0.05) among healthcare personnel and the general population, with a higher prevalence reported by the healthcare personnel. Further, socioeconomic status significantly influence prevalence of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 04.5; df = 4; p <0.05). The study concluded that the prevalence of poor mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis among Nigerians is worrisome. Also, the socioeconomic status of the citizens has serious implications on depressive symptoms. It was recommended that better attention should be paid to the mental health of residents in Nigeria, most especially healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Standards for evidence in policy decision-making
Authors: Ruggeri Kai , Linden Sander van der , Wang Claire , Papa Francesca , Riesch Johann , Green James
Published: May 2020

Benefits from applying scientific evidence to policy have long been recognized by experts on both ends of the science-policy interface. The COVID-19 pandemic declared in March 2020 urgently demands robust inputs for policymaking, whether biomedical, behavioral, epidemiological, or logistical. Unfortunately, this need arises at a time of growing misinformation and poorly vetted facts repeated by influential sources, meaning there has never been a more critical time to implement standards for evidence. In this piece, we present a framework to limit risks while also providing a reasonable pathway for applying breakthroughs in treatments and policy solutions, stemming the harm already impacting the well-being of populations around the world. Final version here: go.nature.com/2zdTQIs
Bauer Lab Integration and Self-derivation Stimulus (BLISS) bank
Authors: Bauer Patricia
Published: May 2020

The Bauer Lab Integration and Self-derivation Stimulus (BLISS) bank was created by the Memory at Emory Lab at Emory University to study creation and accumulation of new knowledge by children and adults.
Establishing the feasibility of exercise breaks during university lectures
Authors: Hayes Scott M.
Published: May 2020

It is important that principles of laboratory-based studies with implications for academic performance be implemented in naturalistic learning environments to gauge their feasibility. Here, an adaptation of a laboratory-based study of exercise breaks during a single video lecture (Fenesi et al., 2018) was implemented during large, in-person lectures at Ohio State University for the duration of a semester. The rationale for this approach was based on their findings that research participants who took exercise breaks during a video lecture were more likely to be on task towards the end of the lecture and performed significantly better on a multiple choice exam. The current project had three goals: 1) Establish the feasibility of integrating student-led exercise breaks during in-person lectures in a large university setting 2) Provide practical guidelines for implementing exercise breaks during in-person lectures 3) Provide preliminary evidence of positive effects of exercise breaks in a higher-education setting. One to two student-led exercise breaks (5 minutes each) were implemented during each 80-minute, in-person lecture for the duration of a semester in four upper level Psychology courses with student enrollment ranging from 20 to 93 students (total enrollment = 223 students). Students reported that the exercise breaks were a strength of the courses and a positive experience, including self-reported improvement in attention to lecture content. Self-reported quantitative data indicated that exercise breaks improved attention, increased course enjoyment, and enhanced peer engagement. Compared to other classes, the students preferred exercise breaks during lectures. The current approach establishes the feasibility of integrating exercise breaks in a large, in-person university lecture environment for the duration of a semester with preliminary data indicating a positive impact on attention, engagement, and enjoyment. Practical guidelines for implementing exercise breaks during in-person lectures are provided.
Changes in Parents’ Domestic Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carlson Daniel L. , Petts Richard , Pepin Joanna R.
Published: May 2020

Stay-at-home orders and the removal of care and domestic supports brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic substantially disrupted parents’ work and family lives. This study leverages this exogenous event to test key theoretical explanations of couples’ divisions of domestic labor. Using novel data from 1,025 partnered, different-sex US parents, our analysis shows an overall increase in domestic responsibilities for mothers, who were already doing most of the household labor, as well as an increase in fathers’ contributions. Driven by increases in fathers’ time spent on housework and childcare, we find that both mothers and fathers report a general shift toward more egalitarian divisions of household labor. Consistent with a time availability perspective, the findings indicate the relevance of increased time at home —due to unemployment, reduced work hours, and telecommuting— as a fundamental factor underlying change in parents’ division of domestic responsibilities.
Purposes of peer review: A qualitative study of stakeholder expectations and perceptions
Authors: Severin Anna , Chataway Joanna
Published: May 2020

Background: Depending upon their relationship with the process, stakeholders might have diverging or even conflicting expectations about the functions that peer review should fulfil. We aimed to explore how different stakeholder groups across academic disciplines perceive peer review and what they expect from it. Methods: We conducted qualitative focus group workshops with early-, mid- and senior career scholars, reviewers, editors and publishers. We recruited participants following a purposive maximum variation sampling approach and used a semi-structured topic guide to moderate discussions. To identify purposes of peer review, we conducted a thematic analysis. Results: Stakeholders expected peer review (i) to assess the contributions of a manuscript, (ii) to conduct quality control, (iii) to improve manuscripts, (iv) to assess the suitability of manuscripts for a journals and its readership, (v) to provide a decision-making tool for editors, (vi) to provide feedback by peers, (vii) to curate a community and (viii) to provide a seal of accreditation for published articles. Stakeholder groups with different roles and tasks in the peer review process differed in their understanding of and the value they attached to different functions of peer review. Some stakeholder expectations are contradictory, revealing a tension between formative functions and summative functions of peer review. Conclusions: Stakeholder expectations towards peer review are profoundly shaped by how stakeholders perceive their own roles both in relation to the peer review process and within their scientific community.
Transformational Leadership Practices in Community School
Authors: Adhikari Surya Prasad
Published: May 2020

This paper aimed to explore the practice of educational transformational leadership practice in community schools. To complete this study, I used qualitative research design. I selected one head teacher as a key informant applying purposive sampling procedure. In addition to the head teacher, I collected data from student, parent, chairperson, ex-chairperson, educationist, ward chairperson, and legal person from the local body from audit report for the triangulation of data. I collected the data through the audio recording. I tried to make different “themes” from the data which is related to my research objective. Transformational leadership practices as a follower and the leader in community school is found collaborative and empowering own self and other too. As follower, the respondent was responsible to her parents, parents of students, management committee and head teacher. She was influenced by elder brother in her family and by school leader at school. As a transformational leadership, the roles and responsibilities were completed in time given by the authority. The school leader has given different authority and responsibility to the followers by providing position. Those followers have actively participated to complete their roles and support to the school leader. Management committee support and agree to the school leader basically focusing on meeting visionary agendas. Likewise, students, parents and community people also supported to the school leader's vision and mission. Student outcome and school effectiveness were also satisfactory by the school concern people.
SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF STEEL BEAMS STRENGTHENING BY PRESTRESSING STRANDS
Authors: Mohammed Rasheed Mohammed , Shahada Mahmoud Kamal , Farhan Atshan Ali
Published: May 2020

Seven simply supported steel beams were tested to explain the effect of existence of external prestressing strands on the shear behavior of steel beams. All of these beams have the same steel section, clear span length and strengthening by two external prestressing strands. The tested beams are divided into two groups according to existence of external prestressing strands, the first group consists of one steel beam as a reference, while, the second group deals with six steel beams strengthening by external prestressing strands divided according to the eccentricity location of prestressing strand (e) ranging from (0 to 165) mm at jacking stress (fpj=814.589 MPa). During the test, it was found that the shear load strain curves for tested beams were slightly stiffer than the reference beams and the percentage of stiffening increase with increase the eccentricity locations from the effective depth for shear zone, while, the maximum shear load increased about (0.173%, 26.086%, 33.043%, 48.521%, 13.739% and 69.565%) with increase the eccentricity location from (0 to 165) mm respectively as compare with the reference beam. On the other hand the maximum shear strain was decreased to 0.507%, 1.015%, 20.304%, 1.776% 25.634% and 28.172% with increase the eccentricity location from (0 to 165) mm respectively as compare with the reference beam.
Criminal Justice System-Impacted Faculty: Motivations, Barriers, and Successes on the Academic Job Market
Authors: Custer Bradley D. , Malkin Michelle L. , Castillo Gina
Published: May 2020

US higher education institutions strive to build diverse faculties, yet institutions put up significant barriers to hiring scholars who have been impacted by the criminal justice system ( system-impacted). Because of the demographics of the system-impacted population, these faculty candidates are more likely to be people of color. In addition, system-impacted faculty offer unique benefits to institutions and deserve equal consideration among peers on the academic job market. We argue that making the hiring process fairer for system-impacted candidates is an important strategy for diversifying the college faculty. To understand the challenges they face, we conducted semi-structured interviews of seven faculty with prior felony convictions to explore their motivations for pursuing faculty careers and how they navigated the academic job market. By sharing their stories, this article raises awareness of a marginalized population of faculty and offers new insights into their motivations, barriers, and successes in getting hired. Importantly, we found that deciding when and how to disclose their criminal histories was the most complicated part of the process for our participants, in part because of ambiguous criminal background check policies. To ensure equal opportunity and to form a more diverse faculty, we propose that higher education institutions eliminate the use of criminal history information in college admissions and faculty hiring processes or implement fairer, more transparent background check policies based in best practices.
Hematological Study on Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) Predominance in Quetta.
Authors: Hameed Tahir , Maryam Yousaf  , Farhat Abbas  , Aneela Rafiq  , Anum Khan  , Qandeel Iqbal  , Modisa Mashhad Ali  , Shees Khan  , Abdul Rauf
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted in the TB Sanatorium Quetta. A total 130 samples were collected from patient. While 43.75% and 56.25% tuberculosis prevalence were found both in male and female respectively with age group 28-54 years having the highest prevalence of tuberculosis. There was no difference between age groups and sex with pulmonary tuberculosis positive Subjects. Tuberculosis (TB) is a respiratory compelling contagious infection made by a germ or bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) affecting generally individuals. TB is a treatable infirmity. Tuberculosis is a disease that generally attacks the lungs yet can also ambush any other part of the body. Tuberculosis is spread from individual to individual through the air. The treatment of TB is commonly completed in 6 to 9 months. Inoculations are open for TB which is BCG counter acting agent. In most cases specially in Balochistan, patients carelessly quit taking drugs after two months as the torment and hacking clear out. It is notable that pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious threat specially in this region, so it is necessary to aware the people regarding TB also their treatment & control.
Study on the complications by chronic diabetes mellitus type II in Quetta Balochistan
Authors: Mohsin Jamal Buzdar  , Furqan Ahmed  , Alam Mengal  , Tahir Hameed  , Farhat Abbas  , Hafiza Mehreen Tahir  , Maryum Yousaf
Published: May 2020

Due to worl wide increase in Diabetes Mellitus, a rise community consciousness about influence of hyperglycemiea and its most common complications ike stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, amputation, neuropathy, cardiovascular and retinopathy etc is required. Awareness on adoption of good diet,  physical activities as well as a healthy life-style is required for a healthy long life . Therefore, this study has been designed to investigate the burden of complications of chronic diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients of Quetta city, in order to improve the health status and life style of diabetic patients living in Quetta. Details of all the complications caused by diabetes mellitus were collected from the patients and the bllood glucose was permormed by standard method. This study reaveled the frequency percentage of comorbidities in this order crdiovascular conditions 30% > neuropathy conditions 17.8% > Ocular conditions 14.8% > Nephropathy conditions 10.7% > Cerebrovascular 6.8% > Feet conditions 1.5% > Amputations 0.1%. These results are in agreement to previous studies which showed the highest prevelance of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking habits and unhealthy life styles.
Función ejecutiva, lenguaje pragmático y perfiles psicopatológicos según la CBCL en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo y antecedentes familiares de esquizofrenia
Authors: Parrilla-Escobar M.A. , Cerezo Corredera S. , García Díez B. , De Andrés Lobo C. , De Cáceres Riol C. , Maniega Rubio M.A. , Molina Rodríguez V.
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La escala CBCL de Achenbach completada por padres evalúa un amplio rango de problemas conductuales y emocionales de inicio en la infancia. Sus subescalas “retraimiento-depresión” y principalmente “problemas de pensamiento” se han propuesto como medida de detección de riesgo de psicosis en adolescentes. Dentro de los posibles endofenotipos de la esquizofrenia se plantean la disfunción ejecutiva y la alteración en el lenguaje pragmático. Objetivos: Identificar mediante ambas subescalas de la CBCL un subgrupo de niños y adolescentes con puntuaciones elevadas entre los pacientes que consultan en psiquiatría infantil por trastornos del neurodesarrollo y que tienen antecedentes familiares de esquizofrenia. Material y métodos: Los padres completan la escala CBCL de Achenbach, CCC-Childrens Communication Checklist- (evaluación del lenguaje pragmático) y BRIEF-2 (evaluación conductual de la función ejecutiva).Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 niños (16 niños: 5 niñas). Edad media 11,4 años. Los diagnósticos principales fueron TDAH (66,7%), trastorno de aprendizaje (9,5%) y TEA (9,5%). Las dos subescalas de la CBCL “retraimiento-depresión” y “problemas de pensamiento” discriminan dos grupos, uno con afectación (n=11) con puntuaciones por encima del Pc70 y otro sin afectación (n=10) con puntuaciones inferiores al Pc70. Los casos con afectación mostraron más dificultades en el lenguaje pragmático y función ejecutiva que los del grupo sin afectación.Conclusiones: Realizar una evaluación dimensional más completa de la psicopatología, como la que ofrece la CBCL, en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo y antecedentes familiares de esquizofrenia puede ayudar a describir mejor las dificultades premórbidas e identificar casos susceptibles de seguimiento longitudinal e intervención precoz.
BRIEF-P: Trastornos por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad versus Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Bausela Herreras Esperanza
Published: May 2020

Introducción: TDAH y TEA son dos trastornos del neurodesarrollo con entidades diagnósticas independientes, que comparten manifestaciones comunes a las que presentan personas con daño cerebral o disfunción en la corteza prefrontal, asociados a alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas.Objetivo: Analizar y comparar el perfil de funciones ejecutivas de niños con TDAH versus niños TEA evaluadas por la familia y la escuela.Método: No experimental o ex post facto. Descriptivo. Participantes. 25 padres y 31 profesores evaluaron a 56 niños. Instrumento de recogida de datos. BRIEF-P evalúa las funciones ejecutivas en niños entre 2 años a 5 años y 11 meses en el contexto escolar y familiar por parte de informantes. Análisis de datos. Se compararon las puntuaciones obtenidas en los diferentes trastornos del neurodesarrollo en las escalas clínicas e índices, aplicando análisis no paramétrica: (i) Cuando los informantes son los padres en: escala clínica de Flexibilidad (U=116.000, p=.023) y en el índice de Flexibilidad (U=111.500, p<.041). (ii) Cuando los informantes son los profesores en: escala clínica de Flexibilidad (U=201.000, p=.000), en la escala clínica Control Emocional (U=164.500, p<.039) y en el índice de Flexibilidad (U=190.500, p<.001).Conclusiones: Estimamos que BRIEF-P puede ser utilizado por padres y profesores en el proceso de evaluación del funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños con TDAH y TEA. Hay diferencias significativas entre ambos trastornos del neurodesarrollo en flexibilidad (padres y profesores) y control emocional (sólo profesores).
"¿Mundialización o conquista?"(Recensión)
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra de: CRISTIANISME I JUSTÍCIA (1999), ¿Mundialización o conquista?, Cristianisme i Justícia y Sal Terrae, Colección Presencia Social, Santander, 214 págs.
"Europa en la encrucijada" (Recensión)
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: May 2020

Recension de la obra de: SEMINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PAZ (Ed.) (1999), Europa en la encrucijada, Departamento de Educación y Cultura del Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, 357 págs.
La empresa española en el desarrollo de Iberoamérica: logros y matizaciones
Authors: Gorosquieta Reyes, S.I. Javier
Published: May 2020

La cooperación al desarrollo puede encauzarse por múltiples vías (la ayuda oficial, las organizaciones no gubernamentales, ...). El autor se plantea las posibilidades de cooperación mediante empresas –públicas o privadas– de los países industriales que inviertan en países en desarrollo. Los logros alcanzados y los peligros –cierta incompatibilidad con los criterios de rentabilidad– de esta forma de cooperación se analizan a través del caso de la inversión directa española en Iberoamérica.
"Estado de la Región en desarrollo humano sostenible. 1999. Informe 1" (Recensión)
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan , Caldentey del Pozo Pedro
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra: GUTIÉRREZ SAXE, A. (1999), (Coord.). Estado de la Región en desarrollo humano sostenible. 1999. Informe 1, Ed. PNUD–Unión Europea, San José de Costa Rica, 464 págs.
Deuda externa
Authors: De los Jesuitas Superiores Provinciales
Published: May 2020

En el mes de mayo pasado se reunieron los Superiores Provinciales de la Compañía de Jesús de toda Europa. Fruto de su trabajo en esos días elaboraron una carta dirigida a los ministros de economía del Grupo de los países más industrializados (G7) que se iban a reunir en Colonia.
Jornadas Interuniversitarias del Profesorado:
Authors: Morales García-Matos África Cora
Published: May 2020

La Revista de Fomento Social como entidad perteneciente a la Compañía de Jesús se ha hecho eco tradicionalmente de algunos acontecimientos de la vida de esta institución en España relacionados con el ámbito socioeconómico y universitario. Siguiendo esta trayectoria dos de los participantes presentan esta breve crónica de una iniciativa que ve la luz por primera vez en España y que congregó en Loyola a un colectivo de profesores que comparten el proyecto ignaciano distintivo de los centros universitarios de la Compañía.
La minusvalía psíquica: implicaciones éticas
Authors: López Azpitarte Eduardo
Published: May 2020

En nuestra sociedad actual el no cumplir los requisitos propios de la mayoría, ya es una limitación que no pocas veces tiene como consecuencia la exclusión o la marginación. En un contexto en el que se prima la utilidad, la eficiencia y la productividad, casi exclusivamente en términos económicos, prestar atención a cualquier minusvalía ya puede entenderse como una osadía. En el artículo del profesor López Azpitarte se apuesta por superar ese rechazo a lo diferente y por comprender al minusválido psíquico no desde la limitación de su alteración sino como una persona completa, con toda la dignidad y riqueza que encierra, que está condicionada por alguna patología psíquica. Desde esa actitud se realizan sugerentes reflexiones éticas sobre cuestiones que no pocas veces se pretenden ignorar en las personas con minusvalías, tales como su relación con la sexualidad o el matrimonio.
El marketing con causa, entre la “oportunidad estratégica” y la responsabilidad social
Authors: García Jiménez José Ignacio
Published: May 2020

La aceptación de ayuda económica de empresas con un objeto social cuestionable éticamente (tabaco, bebidas alcohólicas, fabricación de armamento,...) por parte de organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) que suscriben un ideario muy determinado constituye un problema de plena actualidad gracias al auge del denominado marketing con causa. Este texto –que constituye una comunicación presentada en la XIII Reunión del Grupo Fomento Social (ver RFS nº214)– analiza esta estrategia organizativa profundizando en las diversas justificaciones que pueden aducirse desde la perspectiva de los dos agentes –empresas y ONG– y realiza una valoración ética de la cuestión.
La ejecución de la política monetaria por el Banco Central Europeo y sus efectos en diversos países
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo , López Martín Mª del Carmen
Published: May 2020

En un artículo anterior1 se analizaron las líneas generales de la política monetaria única que comenzaría a realizar el Banco Central Europeo a partir de enero de 1999 y cuáles eran los aspectos que podían determinar que los efectos de dicha política fueran diferentes en los distintos países de la Unión Monetaria.
Transcurridos ya los primeros meses de experiencia en la realización de la política monetaria, conviene analizar lo sucedido durante este tiempo. Para ello, la primera parte del artículo está dedicada a esta política; se han tenido en cuenta aspectos como el comportamiento de los agregados monetarios y otras variables macroeconómicas, las decisiones adoptadas, los instrumentos utilizados y la justificación de dichas decisiones según el BCE. En la segunda parte del artículo se estudia esta política desde un punto de vista espacial, haciendo hincapié en el comportamiento de los precios en distintos países del área euro, los efectos de la política monetaria sobre el citado comportamiento de los precios, el caso español y las posibilidades de una política monetaria diversificada en la actualidad.
Mecanismos de justificación de la violencia y cultura de la paz
Authors: Alemany Jesús Mª
Published: May 2020

No decimos nada nuevo si afirmamos que el conflicto y la violencia son dos realidades muy presentes en nuestra convivencia social. Sin embargo, debemos evitar caer en ciertas tentaciones. Por un lado, aceptarlo como un hecho habitual, con la consiguiente insensibilización ante sus consecuencias. Por otro, ignorarlo y evitar cualquier tipo de cuestionamiento de dicha situación. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas, Jesús María Alemany, jesuita, director del Seminario de Investigación para la Paz de Zaragoza, nos expone de manera sugerente distintas reflexiones con el objetivo de superar esa cultura de la violencia y apostar por una cultura de la paz. Como bien afirma el autor, la cultura de la paz o «ecología de la paz» no pretende eliminar los conflictos de la sociedad, sino encontrar las bases para resolverlos de manera no violenta o mejor dicho, plenamente humana.
Authors: Hidayah Nurul -
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research was knowing the effectivity of stew beetle leaf (Piper beetle L.) treatment in intrauterine to temperature and pregnancy rate (S/C) in limousin strait cattle in Tiris district of Probolinggo Regency. The sample that was used in this research was 28 limousin strait cattle. This research used a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 7 repetitions. The repetitions were P0 (control), P1 (15 sheets), P2 (20 sheets), and P3 (25 sheets). The parameter that was used as the temperature pregnancy rate (S/C). This research has obtained the average of temperature P0 38.7oC, P1 38.714oC, P2 39.043oC, and P3 39.014oC. The average pregnancy rate (S/C) was P0 3.5, P1 2.3, P2 1, and P3 1. The conclusion of this research was a stew beetle leaf effect on temperature and pregnancy rate (S/C) in limousin strait cattle.

 

Keywords: Pregnancy rate, beetle leaf, limousin, temperature, Tiris
Effectiveness of Garlic Water Extract Gel (Allium sativum. L) Against Necrotic Factor Alfa (TNF-α) Tumors and Mouth Ulcer Diameter in Rats
Authors: Anggraeni Dian , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin , Theodorus Theodorus
Published: May 2020

Oral ulcers are pathological conditions that are characterized by loss of epithelial tissue, causing inflammation. During inflammation, the inflammatory mediator is TNF will increase. Therefore, drugs are needed to suppress TNF-levels to suppress inflammation. One of the herbal ingredients that can suppress inflammation is garlic. In vivo laboratory experimental research with pre-post systems. The samples used were 36 male Wistar white rats divided into 6 groups (6 individuals / groups), namely the group without drug treatment (as pre-treatment data), negative control group namely HPMC gel base, positive control given benzydamin, group treatment I was given a garlic water extract gel 20%, treatment group II was given a garlic water extract gel 40%, treatment group III were given a garlic water extract gel 80%. The drug is given topically 2 times a day for 4 days. Making oral ulcers is done by placing filter paper that has been soaked in a 50% acetic acid solution in the labial area of the mandibular gingival tissue. Measurement of oral ulcers was performed on the 1st day after the manufacture of oral ulcers and the 5th day. On the 5th day all the mice were sacrificed to be taken gingival tissue and TNF-levels were measured. using ELISA. Data analysis using SPSS version 24 and One Way Anova test with 5% specification followed by Post Hoc Test using LSD test and Games Howell. Analysis using One Way Anova showed that there were significant differences in TNF-levels and the diameter of the oral ulcer (p <0.05) between groups which indicated that the garlic water extract gel applied in the area of the oral ulcer affected TNF levels. and the diameter of the oral ulcer. LSD test results showed that 80% effective garlic water extract gel significantly reduced TNF levels. (p <0.05). Games Howell test results showed that 20%, 40% and 80% garlic water extract gel had the same effectiveness as benzydamin in decreasing the diameter of oral ulcer. Garlic water extract gel (Allium sativum. L) concentration was 80% more effective than benzydamin for decreasing TNF levels Garlic water extract gel (Allium sativum. L) concentrations of 20%, 40% and 80% are as effective as benzydamin in reducing the diameter of oral ulcers in male wistar strain rats.
ФОРМИ ТА МЕТОДИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Павлов Костянтин Вікторович , Асадулліна Наіля Рамілівна
Published: May 2020

Formulation of the problem . The article reveals the role and features of the digitalization of the economy, which is an objective prerequisite for the innovative development of the state economic system, as well as explores the results and determines the prospects for the introduction of the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to characterize the forms and methods of modern digitalization of the economy. The object of research is the process of spreading the digitalization of the economy of Uzbekistan, as well as ways to improve the efficiency of economic processes in general. Research methods - logical, comparative, analytical, scientific and methodological. The research hypothesis is that the methods and forms of digitalization of the economy depend on the qualifications of managerial personnel and feedback from the local population. Statement of basic materials. The great possibilities of digital presentation of information lead to the fact that digitalization forms already integral technological environments of “habitat” (ecosystems, platforms), within which the user can create for himself the friendly environment he needs (technological, instrumental, methodological, documentary, partnership, etc.) n.) in order to solve already entire classes of problems. The implementation of the requirements of digitalization as a modern trend in the development of the economy and society, and thereby increase the efficiency of their development, is to some extent met by the prerequisites for digitalization at the state and industry levels, as well as at the levels of individual households and citizens. Therefore, the task of the state to take into account the prerequisites of the digital economy as favorable conditions conducive to digitalization is to create opportunities for their implementation. Originality and practical significance of the study. With the advent of the digital economy, truly revolutionary changes are taking place in the world today, associated with new technologies that transform industries and production systems, increase productivity and give rise to new business models. In this regard, the acceleration of economic development, international competitiveness and the integration of Uzbekistan into the world economy are largely dependent on the development of the digital economy. Conclusions of the study. The main role in the digital economy of Uzbekistan will be played by private business with a strong entrepreneurial and innovative approach, and the state should create the infrastructure and conditions for private initiative.
Penerapan Data Mining Terhadap Minat Siswa Dalam Mata Pelajaran Matematika Dengan Metode K-Means
Authors: Butsianto Sufajar , Saepudin Nurhali
Published: May 2020

Kumpulan data nilai siswa pada sebuah sekolah dapat diolah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi data mining untuk menghasilkan pengetahuan menarik dan bermanfaat, yang selama ini tidak diketahui secara manual. Salah satu teknik data mining adalah clustering. Algoritma K-Means dapat digunakan untuk mengelompokan minat siswa terhadap mata pelajaran matematika pada sebuah sekolah sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi pengguna kebijakan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Proses ini menghasilkan 2 cluster yaitu ( minat ) Matematika dan ( kurang minat ) matematika, dengan menggunakan teknik data mining menggunakan algoritma K-Means, dan akurasi diukur dengan Davies Bouldin Index. Pengujian menggunakan validasi DBI (Davies Bouldin Index) diperoleh nilai untuk tiap-tiap cluster. Untuk kelas 10 pengujian cluster 1 menghasilkan nilai DBI 0.941 dan cluster 2 nilai DBI 0.335 , kelas 11 pengujian cluster 1 menghasilkan nilai DBI 0.660 dan cluster 2 nilai DBI 0.506, kelas 12 pengujian cluster 1 menghasilkan nilai DBI 0.271 dan cluster 2 nilai DBI 0.111. Dari perhitungan Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika semakin kecil nilai Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) yang diperoleh (non negatif >= 0) maka cluster tersebut semakin baik.
Analisis Quality Of Service (Qos) Layanan Video Streaming Youtube Pada Jaringan Wireless
Authors: M Munawir , Zulfan Zulfan , Susmanto Susmanto , Furqan Furqan
Published: May 2020

Menganalisa jaringan Wireless dengan menggunakan Quality Of Service adalah tujuan program, peralatan, khususnya data dapat digunakan oleh setiap orang yang ada pada jaringan. Perangkat dan data yang dapat dishare akan membuat penghematan anggaran yang cukup besar, karena tidak perlu membeli perangkat

baru untuk dipasang ditiap-tiap unit komputer. Dalam meningkatkan performa konektivitas tersebut, yaitu dengan memastikan bahwa lalu lintas data di jaringan berjalan lancar. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan ini adalah dengan menganalisa kualitas jaringan apakah baik, sedang dan buruk pada layanan video steaming Youtube.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kualitas jaringan dengan menggunakan software wireshark untuk melihat jaringan dengan aplikasi jaringan komputer yang bersifat multimedia, real-time, interaktif dan merupakan salah satu solusi kebutuhan multipoint. Dalam melakukan perencanaan sebelum menggelar fasilitas video melalui suatu jaringan, kita perlu memperhitungkan kebutuhan bandwidth untuk sukses-nya sebuah konferensi video. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah telah berhasil dilakukan maka perlu dilakukan Qos pada video streaming, karena video membutuhkan bandwidth yang sangat besar maka perlu adanya suatu kinerja yang lebih dalam jaringan tersebut untuk menjaga jaringan internet tetap stabil dan Dapat di gunakan Dengan Baik dalam layanan video streaming pada layanan jaringan Wireless.
Comparative efficacy of nebulization with 3% hypertonic saline and 0.9% normal saline in the management of acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Singh Sushmita , Masand Rupesh , Sharma Girdhari Lal , Mehta Swati
Published: May 2020

Background: There is a dearth of therapeutic modalities for the management of bronchiolitis in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the improvement in clinical severity scores and the length of hospital stay (LOS) among children with bronchiolitis nebulized with either 3% hypertonic saline (HS) or 0.9% normal saline (NS). Materials and Methods: A total of 360 hospitalized patients of age 1–24 months, diagnosed as a case of acute bronchiolitis of moderate severity, were randomized to receive either 4 ml of 3% HS (Group A) or 4 ml of 0.9% NS (Group B) along with 1.5 mg of epinephrine in each arm, at 4 hourly intervals till the patients were ready for discharge. Appropriate statistical analysis was carried out using the collected data. Results: All the baseline characteristics were similar in both the groups. There was a significant (p=0.0011) reduction of 13 h (12.2%), i.e., from 4 days 23 h in Group B (NS) to 4 days 10 h in Group A in the mean LOS and significant difference (p=0.0001) in the clinical severity score was noted from the 2nd day onward in Group A as compared to Group B. No adverse events were observed or reported by the treating medical team or the patients’ caregiver in both the study groups. Conclusion: Nebulization with 3% HS is superior to 0.9% NS nebulization in infants with clinically diagnosed acute bronchiolitis.
Effect of Vitamin D on clinical profile of sickled children: A prospective study
Authors: Panda Prakash Chandra , Mishra Nihar Ranjan , Sa Bichitra Nanda , Khatua Amlan , Kumar Sumit , Nayak Bijan Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background: Vitamin D status in sickle cell children (SC) has been widely discussed and its effect on clinical profile among SC is currently highly debatable. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes in terms of morbidities for Vitamin D supplementation among Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) SC. Materials and Methods: A total of 428 children as per predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this present prospective study, after receiving written informed parental consent. Patients were supplemented with Vitamin D according to their serum status and followed up at 3 subsequent visits (0, 6, and 12 weeks). All the relevant statistics were done by SPSS v 25.0 (IBM, New York). Results: A total of 428 diagnosed cases of sickle cell anemia were enrolled, from which 272 (63.6%) were male and 156 (36.4%) were female, and 393 cases were found to be VDD (92%). The mean age of the study population was 88.39 (46.27) months. Vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with decrease in number of vaso-occlusive crisis, duration of hospitalization, and duration of pain hours (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation among sickled children with Vitamin D deficiency has a positive effect on its clinical parameters.
Morphological characteristics of respiratory and digestive organs of Roman snail (Helix pomatia L., 1758)
Authors: Horvat M. P. , Dankovych R. S.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work was to study the structure of lung and hepatopancreas of Roman snail (Helix of pomatia of L., 1758). The study found that the lung occupies the lower turn of shell and presented by a saccate cavity, in the wall of that there are a kidney and heart with a pericardium, and also a rectum and ureter pass. An external surface of lungs covered by a shell and covered by an epidermis. An internal surface is covered by a flat ciliated epithelium and forms numerous folds in which pulmonary vessels and lacunae are accommodated. The branches of pulmonary vein have a thick muscular wall, that consists of circular and longitudinal muscular layers. An internal surface of lungs covered by the layer of mucus. Inhalation and exhalation are carried out due to reduction and relaxation of muscles of dorsal wall of the body that is named a “diaphragm”. Gas exchange occurs through the hemolymphatic capillaries of the lung wall. Respiratory motions take place not rhythmically, but through the different intervals of time depending on a requirement in oxygen. The frequency of pneumostome closing and opening is typically one time in a minute. At subzero humidity of atmospheric air of pneumostome closed by a mantle, and also one (or a few) epiphragms. The hepatopancreas (“liver” or liver gland) is in the upper rotation of the sink and formed by two parts: right and left, from which two liver ducts enter into the stomach respectively. The liver gland consists of many acinuss, surrounded by connecting tissue, that contains small number of muscular fibres. Calcium cells have a pyramidal form and usually do not reach the lumen of the acinus. Cytoplasm of calcium cells contains inclusions: grains of phosphoricacid lime and drops of fat. The digestive cells of the hepatopencreas are more elongated, often clavicular. Сytoplasm of digestive cells is loose and vacuolated and contain inclusions of yellow-green color. Enzyme cells on histopreparations are difficult to distinguish from digestive ones. They contain transparent vacuoles with a large round inclusion of yellow-green color, which consists of a cluster of several grains of different sizes. Hepatopancreas performs the following functions: secretory (enzyme cells), absorption and intracellular digestion (digestive cells), preservation of nutrients and calcium (calcium cells), and also excretory function.
Prevalence of the nematodes Eustrongylides exisus Jägerskiöld, 1909, – larvae (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) infection in the Rutilis rutilis, linnaeus 1758 and the seasonal dynamics of the infection in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuari in southern Ukrai
Authors: Honcharov S. L.
Published: May 2020

In this study, we determined the prevalence and seasonal dynamic of the infection of the Rutilis rutilis, Lіnnaeus 1758 with the nematode Eustrongylides excisus. The fish was caught in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary in seven sample collection sites between 2016 and 2019. They all underwent ichthyopathological examination. Parasites, found during examination, undergone microscopy to determine their taxonomy. Overall 595 specimens were obtained. The mean prevalence of infection over entire study period (2016–2019) was 17.4 %. Ichthyopathological examination of the roach caught in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary revealed the infection with larvae E. excises nematode. The parasitic larvae were found in the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall of the roach. There was more than two-fold difference in the prevalence of infection between sample collection sites – from 12 % in site 5 near Sofiivka to 28 % in site 3 near the village Oleksandrivka over the study period in 2016–2019. The total prevalence of infection in roaches in the Dnipro-Buh estuary was 17.4 %. Seasonal changes were not statistically significant and ranged from 12.8 % in summer to 20.1 % in spring. Annual changes suggested a possible upward trend, but more observations are needed to confirm it. Аnnual changes were not statistically significant. The prevalence of infection changed throughout the year: there were two peaks in spring (20.1 %) and autumn (18.3 %). In summer (12.8 %) and winter (15.1 %) the prevalence of infection was lower. Morphologically, the E. excisus larvae found in roaches were different compared to those found in predatory fishes: they had more pale color and were smaller in length. E. excisus is a prevalent infection of roach in Dnipro-Buh estuary. Considering seemingly increasing prevalence of E.excisus infection, further studies are required to understand a pathophysiology of E.excisus infection  in mammals and humans, since data remain limited.