bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study of cybervictimisation and non-suicidal self-injury among college students in China: a chain mediation effect of emotion dysregulation and social exclusion
Authors: Liao Xiaoli , Xine Liu , Ni Juan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between cybervictimisation and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviours among college students in China, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of emotion dysregulation and social exclusion.

Design

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of college students.

Setting

The study was performed among college students from public universities in Hunan Province, China, between October 26 and November 26, 2023.

Participants

A total of 1467 college students aged 19.52±1.16 years participated in the survey.

Outcome measures

Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included a general information form, the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory, the Brief Cyberbullying and Cybervictimisation Scale, the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Chinese Undergraduates and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.

Results

The study sample consisted of 1467 college students, with a mean age of 19.52±1.16 years. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between NSSI behaviours and cybervictimisation (r=0.58, p<0.01), social exclusion (r=0.64, p<0.01) and emotion dysregulation (r=0.69, p<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis identified significant predictors of NSSI behaviours, including gender (β=0.06, p<0.05), being a left-behind child (β=−0.20, p<0.05), being the only child (β=0.07, p<0.05), cybervictimisation (β=0.32, p<0.001), emotion dysregulation (β=0.41, p<0.001) and social exclusion (β=0.15, p<0.001). Mediation effect analysis revealed a chain mediation effect where cybervictimisation influenced NSSI behaviours through the mediating roles of emotion dysregulation and subsequent social exclusion (all p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study confirms previous research by highlighting the positive relationship between cybervictimisation and NSSI behaviours, and advances the field by identifying a chain mediation effect involving emotion dysregulation and social exclusion among this relationship. These findings highlight the critical need to incorporate strategies for managing both emotion dysregulation and social exclusion in the prevention and intervention of NSSI behaviours among adolescents exposed to cybervictimisation.
The mediating role of physical activity and quality of life in the association between knee osteoarthritis-related symptoms and physical function of post-COVID patients in Metro Manila: a study protocol
Authors: Manlapaz Donald , Rivero Jon Timothy , Cabildo Eliana Caris , Advincula Jeremy Christian , Aquino Marc Angelo , De la Paz Miguel Gabriel , Duldulao Maria Paulina , Maravilla Andrea Amor , Montera Cyd Ahnilark , Tee Kent Stefon
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition affecting joint function. Regular physical activity can enhance functional capacity and reduce pain. However, there is a scarcity of studies relating to knee OA during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly its impact on symptoms and quality of life.

Methods

This analytic cross-sectional study design will recruit participants aged 40 and above from Metro Manila with knee pain and COVID-19 history. The Filipino version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form will be used to assess the mediating variables.

Analysis

The study will employ descriptive and regression analyses for data analysis and follow the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement for reporting the data.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethical approval from the Ethics Review Committee of the College of Rehabilitation Sciences. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations to ensure accessibility to healthcare professionals and stakeholders, contributing to the advancement of knee OA management in post-COVID settings.
Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis: are they distinct disorders, a spectrum of diseases or one disease?
Authors: Egboh Stella-Maris , Duncanson Kerith , Potter Michael , Keely Simon , Talley Nicholas J
Published: January 2025

Functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis (GP) are clinically managed as distinct upper gastrointestinal conditions but present with symptoms that are often indistinguishable. FD is a common disorder of gut–brain interaction that negatively impacts quality of life, while GP is considered a rare disease exclusively defined by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms. The degree of overlap between these disorders makes them hard to differentiate in clinical practice, thereby impacting treatment decisions. This review is focused on exploring the similarities and differences between FD and GP to guide clinician management and improve treatment outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was performed and the full texts of eligible articles were retrieved for the extraction of information reported in this review.

This summary of evidence supports the hypothesis that GP and FD represent two ends of the same disease spectrum in a major subgroup. Improved understanding of the similarities, differences and overlap is likely to help guide the development of objective biomarkers and better-targeted therapies.
Hospital selection for suspected stroke: risk-averse approach considering the minimal risk of exceeding the therapeutic time window
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chun , Yang Yung , Wang Chun-Han , Tang Sung-Chun , Tsai Li-Kai , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Lee Yu-Ching , Hsieh Ming-Ju
Published: January 2025

Background

Timely treatment within the therapeutic window is critical for patients with stroke. This study adopts a risk-averse optimization approach to maximize the likelihood of receiving treatment within this window.

Methods

We developed an optimization model using data from a citywide stroke registry (July 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020). The model included scene locations, data from 10 stroke centers, Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) scores, prehospital times, and in-hospital processing times for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with non-LVO stroke. Transport times were calculated using Google Maps and hospital delivery was determined through mathematical programming. We compared the Risk-Averse strategy against four other prehospital strategies (Nearest, Mothership, Optimistic, and Pessimistic strategies) using Monte Carlo simulations for 726 patients.

Results

The Risk-Averse strategy consistently outperformed others for patients with LVO stroke, with 82.0% (95% CI 79.8% to 84.1%) receiving EVT within 6 hours, representing a 4.8% increase over the Mothership strategy and a 13.7% increase over the Nearest strategy. The average time to EVT was 268.1 min (95% CI 258.3 to 278.5). For patients with non-LVO stroke, 80.6% (95% CI 80.0% to 81.6%) received IVT within 4.5 hours, with no significant differences between strategies.

Conclusions

The Risk-Averse hospital selection strategy significantly improves EVT rates for patients with LVO stroke without delaying IVT for those with non-LVO stroke.
Tenzing Assisted Delivery of Aspiration (TADA) technique for thrombectomy of medium vessel occlusions using the Freeclimb 54 catheter: multicenter experience
Authors: Settecase Fabio , Puri Ajit S , Lee Shane SH , Khangura Rajkamal S , Budzik Ronald F , Pema Peter J , Chaudury Thymur , Page Matthew J , McGuinness Ben J , Colasurdo Marco , Tonetti Daniel A , Grossberg Jonathan A , Singh Jasmeet , Kuhn Anna Luisa , Alexander Matthew D , Varjavand Bahram , Priest Ryan A , Kim JaeHyun , Baxter Blaise W , Kim Warren T , English Joey D , Caldwell James
Published: January 2025

Background

Medium vessel occlusions (MeVOs) account for 25–40% of acute ischemic stroke. The Tenzing 5 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) and FreeClimb 54 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) catheter is a novel delivery–aspiration catheter combination designed to facilitate aspiration thrombectomy (AT) of MeVOs. We report our clinical experience using the Tenzing assisted delivery of aspiration (TADA) technique with FreeClimb 54 for first-line AT of MeVO.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent MeVO first-line AT using TADA with FreeClimb 54 at nine institutions in the USA and one in New Zealand.

Results

94 MeVOs (65 primary, 29 secondary) were treated in 92 patients: median age 71 (IQR 58–81) years; 49/92 (53%) women. FreeClimb 54 was successfully delivered by Tenzing 5 to all 94/94 MeVOs: 26 proximal M2; 44 distal M2; 5 M3; 6 A2; 4 A3; and 8 P2. Median target vessel diameter on DSA was 1.7 (IQR 1.4–1.8) mm. A leading microwire was used to advance Tenzing in 84% of cases. A stent retriever was used for additional thrombectomy passes in 6/94 (6%) patients. For a primary MeVO, final modified expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (meTICI) 2B–3 reperfusion was achieved in 63/65 (97%) patients, after a median of 1 (IQR 1–2) pass, with a first pass effect (FPE, meTICI 2C–3) in 43/65 (66%). Secondary MeVO FPE (eTICI 2C–3) was achieved in 20/29 (69%) patients. Tenzing 5–FreeClimb 54 related complications occurred in 2/94 (2%) patients: one perforation with asymptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and one embolus to new territory.

Conclusions

MeVO first-line AT using the TADA technique with Tenzing 5 and FreeClimb 54 had a high FPE with a low complication rate.
Quantum Brownian motion induced by a scalar field in Einstein’s universe under Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Ferreira E. J. B. , Mota H. F. Santana
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the quantum Brownian motion of a point particle induced by the quantum vacuum fluctuations of a real massless scalar field in Einstein’s universe under Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions is studied. Using the Wightman functions, general expressions for the renormalized dispersion of the physical momentum are derived. Distinct expressions are found for the dispersion associated with each component of the particle’s physical momentum, indicating that the global properties of homogeneity and isotropy of space are lost, as a consequence of the introduced boundary conditions. Divergences also arise and are related to the compact nature of Einstein’s universe and the introduced boundary conditions.
Neural ODEs for holographic transport models without translation symmetry
Authors: Gu Zhuo-Fan , Yan Yu-Kun , Wu Shao-Feng
Published: January 2025

We investigate the data-driven holographic transport models without translation symmetry, focusing on the real part of frequency-dependent shear viscosity,

$$\eta _{\textrm{re}}(\omega )$$

η
re

(
ω
)

. We develop a radial flow equation of the shear response and establish its relation to

$$\eta _{\textrm{re} }(\omega )$$

η
re

(
ω
)

for a wide class of holographic models. This allows us to determine

$$\eta _{\textrm{re}}(\omega )$$

η
re

(
ω
)

of a strongly coupled field theory by the black hole metric and the graviton mass. The latter serves as the bulk dual to the translation symmetry breaking on the boundary. We convert the flow equation to a Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (Neural ODE), which is a neural network with continuous depth and produces output through a black-box ODE solver. Testing the Neural ODE on three well-known holographic models without translation symmetry, we demonstrate its ability to accurately learn either the metric or mass when given the other. By specifying the metric to be asymptotically AdS, we also train the Neural ODE to learn the metric and mass simultaneously. Furthermore, we apply the Neural ODE to the experimental data from a two-dimensional liquid strongly coupled dusty plasma. Interestingly, the emergent metric exhibits non-monotonic behavior, and the mass squared is negative.
Scrutinizing $$B^0$$-meson flavor changing neutral current decay into scalar $$K_0^*(1430)$$ meson with $$b\rightarrow s \ell ^+\ell ^-(\nu \bar{\nu })$$ transition
Authors: Yang Yin-Long , Wang Ya-Xiong , Fu Hai-Bing , Zhong Tao , Song Ya-Lin
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the rare decay

$$B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

with

$$\ell =(e,\mu ,\tau )$$

ℓ
=
(
e
,
μ
,
τ
)

and

$$B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\nu \bar{\nu }$$

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

ν

ν

¯

induced by the flavor changing neutral current transition of

$$b\rightarrow s\ell ^+\ell ^-(\nu \bar{\nu })$$

b
→
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

(
ν

ν

¯

)

. Firstly, the

$$B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)$$

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

transition form factors (TFFs) are calculated by using the QCD light-cone sum rule approach up to next-to-leading order accuracy. In which the

$$K_0^*(1430)$$

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

-meson twist-2 and twist-3 LCDAs have been calculated both from the SVZ sum rule in the background field theory framework and light-cone harmonic oscillator model. Then, we obtain the three TFFs at large recoil point, i.e.,

$$f_+^{B^0\rightarrow K_0^*}(0)= 0.470_{-0.101}^{+0.086}$$

f
+

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
0
)

=
0
.

470

-
0.101

+
0.086

,

$$f_-^{B^0\rightarrow K_0^*}(0)= -0.340_{-0.068}^{+0.068}$$

f
-

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
0
)

=
-
0
.

340

-
0.068

+
0.068

, and

$$f_\textrm{T}^{B^0\rightarrow K_0^*}(0)= 0.537^{+0.112}_{-0.115}$$

f
T

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
0
)

=
0
.

537

-
0.115

+
0.112

. Meanwhile, we extrapolate TFFs to the whole physical

$$q^2$$

q
2

-region by using the simplified

$$z(q^2)$$

z
(

q
2

)

-series expansion. Furthermore, we calculate the

$$B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\ell ^+\ell ^-(\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

(
ν

ν

¯

)

decay widths, branching fractions, and longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetries of

$$B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, which lead to

$$\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)e^+e^-) = (6.65^{+2.52}_{-2.42})\times 10^{-7}$$

B

(

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

e
+

e
-

)

=

(
6
.

65

-
2.42

+
2.52

)

×

10

-
7

,

$$\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\mu ^+\mu ^-)=(6.62^{+2.51}_{-2.41})\times 10^{-7}$$

B

(

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

μ
+

μ
-

)

=

(
6
.

62

-
2.41

+
2.51

)

×

10

-
7

,

$$\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\tau ^+\tau ^-)=(1.88^{+1.10}_{-0.97})\times 10^{-8}$$

B

(

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

τ
+

τ
-

)

=

(
1
.

88

-
0.97

+
1.10

)

×

10

-
8

,

$$\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow K_0^*(1430)\nu \bar{\nu })= 3.85^{+1.55}_{-1.48}\times 10^{-6}$$

B

(

B
0

→

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

ν

ν

¯

)

=
3
.

85

-
1.48

+
1.55

×

10

-
6

and the integrated longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetries

$$\langle A_{P_L} \rangle = (-0.99, -0.96, -0.03)$$

⟨

A

P
L

⟩

=

(
-
0.99
,
-
0.96
,
-
0.03
)

for the cases

$$\ell =(e, \mu , \tau )$$

ℓ
=
(
e
,
μ
,
τ
)

respectively.
Conserved charge susceptibilities in the relativistic mean-field hadron resonance gas model: Constraints on hadronic repulsive interactions
Authors: Pal Somenath , Kadam Guruprasad , Bhattacharyya Abhijit
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the effect of repulsive interaction between hadrons on the susceptibilities of conserved charges, namely baryon number (B), electric charge (Q) and strangeness (S). We estimate second-, fourth- and sixth-order susceptibilities of conserved charges, their differences, ratios and correlations within ambit of mean-field hadron resonance gas (MFHRG) model. We consider repulsive mean-field interaction among meson pairs, baryon pairs and antibaryon pairs separately and constrain them by confronting the results of various susceptibilities with the recent lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) data. We find that the repulsive interactions between baryon–baryon pairs and antibaryon–antibaryon pairs are sufficient to describe the baryon susceptibilities of hadronic matter at temperatures below QCD transition temperature. However, small but finite mesonic repulsive interaction is needed to describe electric charge and strangeness susceptibilities. We finally conclude that the repulsive interaction between hadrons play a very important role in describing the thermodynamic properties of hadronic matter, especially near the quark–hadron phase transition temperature ([Formula: see text]). The mean-field parameter for baryons ([Formula: see text]) should be constrained in the range [Formula: see text] to get a good agreement of baryon susceptibilities with the LQCD results, whereas meson mean-field parameter [Formula: see text] must be included with [Formula: see text] to get a reasonable agreement of MFHRG model with the LQCD results for electric charge and strangeness susceptibilities.
Non-compact extra dimensions and flavor dependence of cc̄ and bb̄ mesons masses in a hot QCD medium with lattice, LO and NLO parametrizations of the Debye mass
Authors: Atangana Likéné A. A. , Ungem L. B. , Mbah D. C. , Nga Ongodo D. , Houzibe R. , Djeuyi Ndafeun F. B.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we consider a heavy quarkonium state in a hot QCD medium, namely the ground state of charmonium and bottomonium. The quark–antiquark potential is proposed in the form of a temperature-dependent Cornell potential, and is extended to include a temperature-dependent parameter. Then, for the proposed potential with different parametrizations of the Debye mass, the N-dimensional Schrödinger equation is analytically solved using the biconfluent Heun equation. The obtained energy eigenvalues and wave functions are employed to study the flavor dependence, the effect of dimensionality and the influence of the additional term on the mass and binding energy of 1S state of charmonium and bottomonium at finite temperature. The findings of this research are compared to those from past studies. We concluded that this work provides a simple and consistent description of quarkonium states at finite temperature in a hot QCD medium, highlighting the effect of noncompact extra dimensions and the flavor dependence of the binding energies of heavy quarkonia.
MULTISCALE NONLINEARITY IN ENERGY COMMODITIES AND BOND MARKETS: MFDCCA VIA MODWT AND GRANGER CAUSALITY
Authors: KOJIĆ MILENA , MITIĆ PETAR , ANTUNES DE ARAUJO FERNANDO HENRIQUE
Published: January 2025

In this study, we examine the multifractal characteristics and nonlinear interactions between the major energy commodities (crude oil, natural gas, heating oil) and the traditional and green bond markets. Using multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MFDCCA) in conjunction with the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) and nonlinear Granger causality tests, we discover complex dynamics and potential causality within these markets. The results of the study show strong multifractal cross-correlations between green bonds and traditional bonds with energy commodities. Green bonds are found to have a more pronounced multifractal nature compared to traditional bonds, suggesting different market dynamics in response to energy commodity price changes. This strategy advances the understanding of market movements and provides insights for risk mitigation and formulating investment plans. Our findings offer novel insights for investors, policymakers, and academics, highlighting the intricate relationships that exist between energy commodities and financial markets, with implications for portfolio diversification, risk management, and sustainable finance strategies.
THE FRACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF (2 + 1)-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR TIME-FRACTIONAL ROSENAU–HYMAN MODEL USING NATURAL HOMOTOPY TRANSFORM METHOD
Authors: NADEEM MUHAMMAD , SHAO YABIN , ALNFIAI MRIM M. , HUSSIEN MOHAMED , ALNEFAIE SALMA MOHSEN M.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the approximate solution of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman model utilizing the natural homotopy transform method (NHTM). This proposed scheme is developed by coupling the natural transform (NT) and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We explain the fractional derivatives of the functions using the Caputo concept. We illustrate two numerical applications and compare the obtained results with the precise results of the proposed model. We present the behaviors of the obtained results for multiple orders of derivatives in two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical representations. The convergence of the obtained solution is validated by reducing the errors over the consecutive series for the NHTM results. Consequently, the NHTM is considered the most advanced computational scheme for the approximate results of nonlinear fractional problems.
Chapter 10. Albertine Rift Stratigraphy 2: Glacial - Interglacial (GIG) Limnostratigraphy
Authors: Nicholas Christopher J.
Published: January 2025

The glacial climatic cyclicity model (GCCM) for Albertine Rift onshore stratigraphy, constructed in the previous Chapter, establishes the direct links between subsidence rate of the basin depocentre, increasing age of outcrop timeslices away from it and, their height above Modern Day Base Level (MDBL). In doing so, it potentially provides the mechanism for establishing chronostratigraphy in the Lake Edward or Lake Albert rift basins at an unprecedented high-resolution, kilo-year, timescale. This Chapter takes the GCCM model and applies it directly to field data from the Lake Edward and Lake Albert basins. By doing so, it confirms with field evidence the key assumptions made in the model concerning lithofacies deposition during glacial (G) or interglacial (IG) climatic cyclicity. The principle logged sedimentary sections from Lake Edward and Lake Albert have their absolute age dates calculated and these results are then correlated with the numbered glacial and interglacial cycles of the global Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) curve. The data fit is remarkable and, therefore, not only does this GIG Limnostratigraphic method successfully resolve their rift-fill ages over the past 1.1 Ma, but also demonstrates how sedimentary dynamics in the Albertine Rift beat to the rhythm of global glacial - interglacial climatic oscillations.
The Future of AI-Driven Software Engineering
Authors: Terragni Valerio , Vella Annie , Roop Partha , Blincoe Kelly
Published: January 2025

A paradigm shift is underway in Software Engineering, with AI systems such as LLMs playing an increasingly important role in boosting software development productivity. This trend is anticipated to persist. In the next years, we expect a growing symbiotic partnership between human software developers and AI. The Software Engineering research community cannot afford to overlook this trend; we must address the key research challenges posed by the integration of AI into the software development process. In this paper, we present our vision of the future of software development in an AI-driven world and explore the key challenges that our research community should address to realize this vision.
Hybrid Automated Program Repair by Combining Large Language Models and Program Analysis
Authors: Li Fengjie , Jiang Jiajun , Sun Jiajun , Zhang Hongyu
Published: January 2025

Automated Program Repair (APR) has garnered significant attention due to its potential to streamline the bug repair process for human developers. Recently, LLM-based APR methods have shown promise in repairing real-world bugs. However, existing APR methods often utilize patches generated by LLMs without further optimization, resulting in reduced effectiveness due to the lack of program-specific knowledge. Furthermore, the evaluations of these APR methods have typically been conducted under the assumption of perfect fault localization, which may not accurately reflect their real-world effectiveness. To address these limitations, this paper introduces an innovative APR approach called
GiantRepair
. Our approach leverages the insight that LLM-generated patches, although not necessarily correct, offer valuable guidance for the patch generation process. Based on this insight,
GiantRepair
first constructs patch skeletons from LLM-generated patches to confine the patch space, and then generates high-quality patches tailored to specific programs through context-aware patch generation by instantiating the skeletons. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we conduct two large-scale experiments. The results demonstrate that
GiantRepair
not only effectively repairs more bugs (an average of 27.78% on Defects4J v1.2 and 23.40% on Defects4J v2.0) than using LLM-generated patches directly, but also outperforms state-of-the-art APR methods by repairing at least 42 and 7 more bugs under perfect and automated fault localization scenarios, respectively.
Multi-modal Sarcasm Detection on Social Media via Multi-Granularity Information Fusion
Authors: Ou Lisong , Li Zhixin
Published: January 2025

The rising popularity of diverse social media platforms, commonly utilized by individuals to articulate their emotions in everyday interactions, has spurred a growing interest in the task of multi-modal sarcasm detection (MSD). Nonetheless, due to the unique nature of sarcasm, there remain two main challenges to achieving robust MSD. Firstly, prevailing methodologies often overlook the issue of weak multi-modal correlation, thereby neglecting the crucial sarcasm cues that are inherent in each uni-modal source. Secondly, there are inefficiencies in modeling cross-modal interactions in unaligned multi-modal data. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a multi-granularity information fusion network for multi-modal sarcasm detection. Specifically, we design a multi-task CLIP framework that can utilize multi-granularity cues from multiple tasks (i.e., text, image, and text-image interaction tasks) for multi-modal sarcasm detection. Furthermore, we devise a global-local cross-modal interaction learning method that uses discourse-level representations from each modality as the global multi-modal context to engage with local uni-modal features. This enables the global multi-modal context and local uni-modal features to mutually enhance and progressively improve through a multi-layer superposition. Following extensive experimental results and thorough analysis, our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in multi-modal sarcasm detection.
Review—Meeting Fuel Cell Catalyst Requirements for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Applications
Authors: Ramaswamy Nagappan , Kongkanand Anusorn , Wortman James , Gu Wenbin
Published: January 2025

Catalyst requirements for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells differ by applications. Commercial heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) applications consume more H2 fuel and demand higher durability than many others and the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the vehicle is largely related to the performance and durability of catalysts. This article is written to bridge the gap between the industrial requirements and academic activity for advanced cathode catalysts with an emphasis on durability. From a materials perspective, the underlying nature of the carbon support, Pt-alloy crystal structure, stability of the alloying element, cathode ionomer volume fraction, and catalyst-ionomer interface play a critical role in improving performance and durability. We provide our perspective on four major approaches, namely, mesoporous carbon supports, ordered PtCo intermetallic alloys, thrifting ionomer volume fraction, and shell-protection strategies that are currently being pursued. While each approach has its merits and demerits, their key developmental needs for future are highlighted.
Metabolic scaling: exploring the relation between metabolic rate and body size
Authors: Beason-Abmayr Beth , Caprette David R.
Published: January 2025

Here we describe a worksheet that we designed for a group exercise in which students study real data to learn about metabolic scaling in different groups of vertebrates, understand that metabolic rates are allometric functions of body size, and consider why physiologists now reject Rubner’s surface “law.” We used this exercise in a course in animal physiology in place of the traditional lecture approach to teaching the concept of metabolic scaling.
Prenatal exposure to chemotherapy increases the mutation burden in human neonatal hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Struys Ilana , Velázquez Carolina , Ubels Joske , LeJeune Charlotte L. , van Roosmalen Markus J. , Rosendahl Huber Axel K.M. , van Leeuwen Anais J.C.N. , Bossuyt Wouter , Thienpont Bernard , Voet Thierry , Van Calsteren Kristel , Lenaerts Liesbeth , van Boxtel Ruben , Amant Frédéric
Published: January 2025

Chemotherapy is included in the standard of care for cancer treatment during pregnancy. However, whether prenatal exposure to maternal chemotherapy treatment has a mutagenic impact on the fetal genome, remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated mutation accumulation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from neonates born to pregnant cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, as well as healthy pregnant women and untreated pregnant cancer patients. The mutational burden in HSPCs from neonates born to untreated pregnant cancer patients and to healthy controls was similar, but increased after prenatal exposure to varying types of chemotherapy regimens. Mutational signature analyses attributed the excess mutations to clock-like processes, which are active during normal cellular aging, or to direct mutagenesis by platinum-based drugs in neonates prenatally exposed to platinum-containing regimens. Our findings in the neonatal hematopoietic compartment are consistent with mutational signatures previously identified in cells of cancer survivors directly exposed to these chemotherapeutic drugs.
Figure 1 from A Cost-Effective Two-Step Approach for Multi-Cancer Early Detection in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Geng Shuaipeng , Li Shiyong , Wu Wei , Chang Yinyin , Mao Mao
Published: January 2025

ROC curves of OncoSeek and SeekInCare in the case–control study. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of OncoSeek and SeekInCare were 0.792 and 0.899, respectively, showing a significant difference (P < 0.001 by the DeLong test).
Formation of a Culture of Frugal Energy Consumption in the Context of Social Security, pp. 60-87
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Polyanska Alla , Pazynich Yuliya ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Petinova Oksana ,   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K.  D.  Ushynsky, Nesterova Olha ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Mykytiuk Natalia ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Bodnar Galina ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the philosophical aspects of the study of energy efficiency culture in the context of social security. Issues related to the culture of energysaving consumption of energy resources are raised in the context of energy ethics as a subset of applied ethics, which is a branch of the philosophy of science. The study explores elements of social security and their importance in modern conditions, considering their relationship and dependence on the level of consumption of energy resources among the population. The relevance of the problem is substantiated
with an analysis of the economic and social factors of energy consumption, in particular prices, which affect the level of social security and that of energy consumption. The conducted analysis is complemented by empirical research, involving 997 respondents from Ukraine, who today are found in different parts of the world. A philosophical reflection on the formation of frugal energy consumption behaviour emphasises that personal ethics, knowledge, and societal structures must be aligned to foster responsible energy use. The results highlight the need for both internal (personal development and awareness) and external factors (technical infrastructure and information support) in shaping the culture of energy-saving behaviour.
The article highlights the main components of the behaviour culture that should be considered in relation to energy consumption—namely, values, norms, and responsibility. A survey of respondents involved in activities related to the energy sector was carried out and factors influencing the formation of a culture of behaviour regarding energy consumption were determined, including knowledge and experience, readiness for changes, and interest in using innovative energysaving technologies.
General Theoretical and Practical Similarities in Three Notable US and German World War II Armour Penetration
Authors:   Tel Aviv University, Bergman Yoel
Published: January 2025

During World War II, highly kinetic metal-filled armour-piercing shells (APS) were fired from tanks and cannons to penetrate adversaries’ armour. Scientific analysis of penetration was traditionally challenging. Empirical equations, derived from past test results with varied APS and armours, were used to predict fairly accurately the minimal velocity required for a complete penetration, when minor changes were made to APS or armour in use. The major changes and new models, introduced during the war, required a deeper understanding. The wartime studies looked for a more scientific approach, although theories on metal contacting another metal were at an early stage. Two US studies and a German one are well known; however, they were initiated for different reasons. The studies demonstrate a similar use of classical mechanics, empirical equations, and practical tests, albeit with varying level of emphasis, and none of the three studies provided comprehensive solutions. The article also discusses their practical application.
Modelos de negócios para o aproveitamento energético de resíduos agropecuários e agroindustriais. Volume 2
Authors: Soares Fabio Rubens ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Lima Heleno Quevedo de ,   Universidade Federal do ABC, Garcilasso Vanessa ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Ferraz Junior Antônio Djalma ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Varkulya Junior Americo , Perecin Danilo
Published: January 2025

Esta obra traz informações úteis sobre processos de aproveitamento energético de resíduos para a produção de biogás, combustível de origem renovável, que pode substituir com a mesma eficiência energética, os combustíveis fósseis que contribuem para o efeito estufa causando as indesejáveis mudanças climáticas. Atresenta informações e conhecimentos básicos sobre tecnologias para o aproveitamento energético de biomassa residual para conversão em energia térmica e elétrica, contendo inicialmente a biodigestão anaeróbia para a produção de biogás de dejetos animais, as tecnologias de purificação e principais usos do biogás e biometano, incluindo a obtenção de energia elétrica. Para efeito comparativo, apresenta algumas tecnologias térmicas de tratamento de resíduos, como a gaseificação e a pirólise; trata o processo produtivo do biogás, desde a coleta dos resíduos até a sua conversão energética.
Contempla uma apresentação dos principais atores do processo produtivo do biogás. Esta obra integra o Projeto Sistemas de Energia do Futuro III , cujo principal objetivo é apoiar a integração das energias renováveis e eficiência energética no sistema brasileiro de energia.
A tramitação da Reforma da Previdência (EC nº 103-2019) na Câmara dos Deputados sob a lente dos Estudos Legislativos
Authors: Silva Murilo Alan
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo analiza el avance del proyecto de Reforma de la Previsión, que dio lugar a la Enmienda Constitucional No. 103/2019, en la Cámara de Diputados, durante el mandato del expresidente Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022). Es un intento de abordar el debate más reciente en la literatura sobre los desafíos del presidencialismo de coalición en Brasil (ABRANCHES, 2018; LIMONGI; FIGUEIREDO, 2017), sugiriendo que el gobierno de Bolsonaro evitó negociar con el Congreso, remodelando las relaciones de poder en una especie de "presidencialismo de omisión" (LIMONGI, 2022). A través de un estudio exploratorio del progreso del proyecto y el cálculo de indicadores clásicos para medir el comportamiento parlamentario y sus relaciones con la agenda del gobierno, el objetivo es evaluar la postura de los diputados durante las votaciones sobre el texto base de la Reforma de la Previsión en la Cámara de Diputados, en dos rondas, incluso sin coordinación formal de Jair Bolsonaro.
Anelastic Convective Entities. Part 1: Formulation and implication for nighttime convection
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hung , Neelin J. David
Published: January 2025

A formulation based on the anelastic approximation yields time-dependent simulations of convective updrafts, downdrafts and other aspects of convection, such as stratiform layers, under reasonably flexible geometry assumptions. Termed anelastic convective entities (ACEs), such realizations can aid understanding of convective processes, and potentially provide time-dependent building blocks for parameterization at a complexity between steady-plume models and cloud-resolving simulations. Formulation and behavior of single-ACE cases are addressed here, with multi-ACE cases in Part 2. Even for cases deliberately formulated to provide a comparison to a traditional convective plume, ACE behavior differs substantially because dynamic entrainment, detrainment and nonhydrostatic perturbation pressure are consistently included. Entrainment varies with the evolution of the entity but behavior akin to deep-inflow effects noted in observations emerges naturally. The magnitude of the mass flux with nonlocal pressure effects consistently included is smaller than for a corresponding traditional steady-plume model. ACE solutions do not necessarily approach a steady state even with a fixed environment but can exhibit chains of rising thermals, and even episodic deep convection. The inclusion of nonlocal dynamics allows a developing updraft to tunnel through layers with substantial convective inhibition (CIN). For cases of nighttime continental convection using GoAmazon soundings, this is found to greatly reduce the effect of surface-inversion CIN. The observed convective cold top is seen as an inherent property of the solution, both in a transient, rising phase and as a persistent feature in mature deep convection.
Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells
Authors: Wood Michaela J. , Van Den Broeke Matthew S.
Published: January 2025

Landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) contain highly sheared environments that are conducive for supercell thunderstorm development. These TC supercells can produce tornadoes, often with little warning. In this study, dual-polarization radar signatures of tornadic and nontornadic TC supercells are examined in the context of known extratropical supercell radar signatures. Prior studies have only presented dual-polarization characteristics of TC supercells using a case study approach. Therefore, this paper aims to create a more comprehensive picture with a larger sample of cases, and an attempt is made to distinguish differences between tornadic and nontornadic TC supercells that may hold operational promise. The environments and characteristic structures of these supercells are notably different from prior conceptual models of supercells developed. Differential reflectivity ZDR columns are shallower in TC supercells when compared to their extratropical counterparts. The ZDR columns are also less common in TC cases. The ZDR arc is more pronounced in TC supercells, with maximum and mean ZDR values within the arcs being larger. Separation angle between the specific differential phase KDP foot and ZDR arc is larger in TC supercells than in extratropical supercells. Tornadic TC supercells had significantly stronger low-level mesocyclones than nontornadic TC supercells as measured by normalized rotation (NROT). The observed differences may help operational meteorologists use these signatures more effectively in warning decisions and motive further research into the evolution of dual-polarization signatures in tornadic and nontornadic TC supercells.

Significance Statement

Supercell thunderstorms are supported in the highly sheared environments of tropical cyclones. Recurring dual-polarization radar signatures can provide insight into the vertical motion and size-sorting processes occurring in supercells which might be beneficial for operational meteorologists. In this study, dual-polarization signatures are compared between tornadic and nontornadic tropical cyclone supercells and examined against their extratropical counterparts. Various differences were discovered between these signatures in tropical cyclone versus extratropical supercells, which could be attributed to differences in their thermodynamic and kinematic environments. Statistically significant differences were not found between dual-polarization signatures in tornadic and nontornadic tropical cyclone supercells.
The chemical functionalization advantages of carbon nano heli-coil reinforcements for multifunctional polymeric nanocomposites
Authors: Sritharan Ramanan , Taklimi Sean Reza , Ghazinezami Ali , Askari Davood
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have demonstrated superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Our previous studies have shown that the Heli-coil CNTs (HCNTs) perform better than the straight CNTs as nanoscale reinforcements, primarily due to their heli-coil structural configurations that can additionally provide mechanical-interlocking-mechanisms between the microfibers and resin. Pristine CNTs are inert and do not disperse well in polymers and form weak bonds with resin molecules. One of the techniques to improve the dispersion of CNTs and their bonding effectiveness is to chemically functionalize them. In this research, HCNTs that were covalently functionalized using a mixture of nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids following 16 different procedures, varying the process parameters (i.e., sonication time, acid molarity, and mixing sequence) were used. The pristine and functionalized HCNTs (FHCNTs) were incorporated into epoxy resin at very low weight percentages (i.e., 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 wt%), processed, used to fabricate nanocomposite test specimens, and then tested according to ASTM standards. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of chemical functionalization process parameters and wt% of FHCNTs on the mechanical performance of polymeric nanocomposites. The test results showed improvements of up to 5.7%, 35.1%, 11.1%, 49.5%, and 60% for the tensile strength, fracture toughness, modulus, strain-to-failure, and hardness, respectively, that were mostly related to 0.02 wt% of FHCNTs reinforcements for the functionalization procedures 2, 4, and 10. Additionally, the fractured specimens were inspected and analyzed using 3D scanning-laser-confocal-microscopy and SEM imaging, and the most effective functionalization processes were recommended for structural nanocomposite applications.
Bucking the trend: The historical management of a privately owned railway in Australia (the Midland Railway Company of Western Australia 1892–1964)
Authors: Abbott Malcolm
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to use the historical example of the Midland Railway Company of Western Australia (Midland Railway) to answer the question of what private rail lines in Australia would have been organized and managed like if they had operated in the first half of the twentieth century. In addition, the question of whether the privately owned Midland Railway operated at a comparable or higher level of efficiency than its government-owned counterpart in Western Australia will be addressed. The paper finds that it was possible for private interests to organize the raising of financial capital to construct and equip a large-scale, long-distance railway in Australia, and once built it was possible for a private managed line to generate a financial surplus, unlike many of its government counterparts, at least up until the 1950s when road transport finally began to threaten its viability.
Wealth Distributional Impacts of Structural Change in Africa
Authors: Ajide Kazeem Bello
Published: January 2025

Inequality has been a persistent challenge in Africa, drawing significant attention from the international community. Structural transformation is often proposed as a promising pathway to development for the continent. This study empirically investigates the causal connection between structural change and wealth inequality across 50 African countries during the period 2010 to 2020. Employing a two-step system generalized method of moments; key findings reveal that the agriculture sector's value-added significantly reduces wealth inequality, while the industry and manufacturing sectors show no statistically significant impact. Conversely, the service sector's value-added exacerbates inequality. Additionally, telephone subscriptions per 100 people emerge as crucial in mitigating wealth inequality, highlighting the role of digital connectivity. The study also emphasizes the persistence of wealth inequality, suggesting its tendency to perpetuate once established. These findings underscore the importance of policies aimed at bolstering agricultural productivity, expanding access to telecommunications, and reforming the service sector, while addressing the entrenched nature of inequality across the continent.
Acceptability and Efficacy of an Adapted School-Based Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Group for Adolescents: A Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Whitener MacKenzie , Khazvand Shirin , Carson Ian , Martin Anna , Salyers Michelle , Cyders Melissa , Aalsma Matthew , Zapolski Tamika
Published: January 2025

Adolescence is characterized by heightened emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and engagement in high-risk behaviors, such as substance use, violence, and unprotected sexual activity. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) is an evidence-based intervention that targets emotion regulation and impulsivity among adolescents, proven effective at decreasing high-risk behaviors. However, limited research exists on adolescents' perceptions of DBT-A, particularly in schools. The current study aimed to understand adolescents’ perspectives on a DBT-A skills group delivered within urban high schools in a midwestern state. The study sample of 18 youth (mean age 14.7; 66.7% male; 38.9% Black) completed individual semi-structured qualitative interviews assessing their perspectives on the DBT-A skills group. Interview topics included the program’s impact on youths’ daily lives, risk-taking behaviors, skill acquisition, and general feedback about the group. Fifteen of the eighteen participants (86%) reported acceptability of the program, expressing that they enjoyed the content and would recommend the group to peers. Participants observed positive impacts on their daily lives, including self-reported enhanced ability to regulate their emotions, communicate with teachers, effectively adapt their mindsets and motivations, and make healthy relationship decisions. Additionally, some noted an increased feeling of connection to their peers following the group. Delivering the DBT-A skills group in schools was shown to have high rates of acceptability among youth and resulted in improved emotion regulation and reduced impulsivity. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects of this program and to identify best training practices for school staff to implement and sustain the program long-term.