bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of how Clinical and Sociodemographic Variables Influence Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Deterioration in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Rodríguez Martín Blanca , Fernandez Rodríguez Eduardo José , Sánchez Gómez Celia , Cruz Hernandez Juan Jesus , Rihuete Galve María Isabel
Published: July 2021

Background: Of the many side effects suffered by cancer patients, those related to cognitive performance have become increasingly prominent in clinical practice. We know that chemotherapy generates a series of side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, alopecia, and so on, which can be counteracted by complementary medication. However, in the case of post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment, or chemo brain, these cannot be controlled with drug therapies. However, before any intervention can be considered, it is necessary to know exactly what cognitive impairment is being triggered. For this reason, we decided to study the cognitive status of breast cancer patients. Methods: analytical, prospective, three-measure longitudinal, intrasubject unifactorial, non-probabilistic and accidental assignment study. The sample came from the Medical Oncology Department at Hospital de Salamanca, in Spain. Cognitive function (Trail Making Test and Stroop Test) was established as the primary variable; the presence of sleep disorders (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) and anaemia (haemoglobin levels in blood) were analysed as secondary variables, in addition to intervening variables (age, stage, type of carcinoma, radiotherapy, menopause, social support network, marital status, years of schooling and employment status). Results: We recruited 151 individuals according to the selection criteria. We can confirm that factors including anaemia, menopause, patient support network and marital status, years of schooling, and employment status did affect the cognitive performance of the patients in the study. In contrast, sleep disorders, age, radiotherapy treatment, stage of disease, and type of carcinoma did not affect the cognitive performance of the cancer patients. Conclusions: Chemotherapy does impact the cognitive performance of breast cancer patients.
Particulate Exotica
Authors: Zhang Fan
Published: July 2021

Recent advances in differential topology single out four-dimensions as being special, allowing for vast varieties of exotic smoothness (differential) structures, distinguished by their handlebody decompositions, even as the coarser algebraic topology is fixed. Should the spacetime we reside in takes up one of the more exotic choices, and there is no obvious reason why it shouldn't, apparent pathologies would inevitably plague calculus-based physical theories assuming the standard vanilla structure, due to the non-existence of a diffeomorphism and the consequent lack of a suitable portal through which to transfer the complete information regarding the exotic physical dynamics into the vanilla theories. An obvious plausible consequence of this deficiency would be the uncertainty permeating our attempted description of the microscopic world. We tentatively argue here, that a re-inspection of the key ingredients of the phenomenological particle models, from the perspective of exotica, could possibly yield interesting insights. Our short and rudimentary discussion is qualitative and speculative, because the necessary mathematical tools have only just began to be developed.
Integrated Phenotypic-Genotypic Analysis of Latilactobacillus sakei from Different Niches
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Nan , Zhao Shenxi , Zhang Chuan , Qiao Nanzhen , Duan Hui , Xiao Yue , Yan Bowen , Zhao Jianxin , Tian Fengwei , Zhai Qixiao , Yu Leilei , Chen Wei
Published: July 2021

Increasing attention has been paid to the potential probiotic effects of Latilactobacillus sakei. To explore the genetic diversity of L. sakei, 14 strains isolated from different niches (feces, fermented kimchi and meat products) and 54 published strains were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the average genome size and GC content of L. sakei were 1.98Mb and 41.22%, respectively. Its core genome mainly encodes translation and transcription, amino acid synthesis, glucose metabolism and defense functions. L. sakei has an open pan-genomic characteristics, and its pan-gene curve shows an upward trend. L. sakei has open pan-genome feature, and its pan-genome curve is on the rise. The genetic diversity of L. sakei is mainly reflected in carbohydrate utilization, antibiotic tolerance, and immune/competition-related factors, such as clustering regular interval short palindromic repeat sequence (CRISPR)-Cas. The CRISPR system is mainly IIA type, and a few are IIC types. This work provides a basis for the study of this species.
Gene Flow and Diversification in Himalopsyche Martynovi Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) In the Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Deng Xi-Ling , Favre Adrien , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R. , Pauls Steffen U.
Published: July 2021

Background: The Hengduan Mountains are one of the most species–rich mountainous areas in the world. The origin and evolution of such a remarkable biodiversity are likely to be associated with geological or climatic dynamics, as well as taxon-specific biotic processes (e.g., hybridization, polyploidization, etc.). Here, we investigate the mechanisms fostering the diversification of the endemic Himalopsyche martynovi complex, a poorly known group of aquatic insects. Methods: We used multiple allelic datasets generated from 691 AHE loci to reconstruct species and RaxML phylogenetic trees. We selected the most reliable phylogenetic tree to perform network and gene flow analyses. Results: Phylogenetic reconstructions and network analysis identified three clades, including H. epikur, H. martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi. Himalopsyche martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi present an intermediate morphology between H. epikur and H. viteceki, the closest known relative to the H. martynovi–complex. The gene flow analysis revealed extensive gene flow among these lineages. Conclusion: Our results suggest that H. viteceki and H. epikur are likely to have contributed to the evolution of H. martynovi sensu stricto and H. cf. martynovi via gene flow, and thus, our study provides insights in the diversification process of a lesser–known ecological group, and hints at the potential role of gene flow in the emergence of biological novelty in the Hengduan Mountains.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI MENDONGENG DI TK DHARMAWANITA
Authors: Yusmiatinengsih Rakihmawati,
Published: July 2021

The moral development of children at Dharmawanita kindergarten in Padang State University is still low, it seems that there are still children with less understanding of good and bad attitude from their behaviors, like disturbing children, less emphaty feeling and unhappy to play with their friends, and also unused to say thank. One of the causes are the teacherâ€™s effort to grow morale and incorrect method in teaching it. The purpose of this research is to fix the teacherâ€™s ways in growing morale lesson through educated and joyful fables. This research is the classroom action research, the research which increases the learning quality. The research data done by observation and interview. The classroom action research done in two cycluses. The result of this research had shown that there is the increase of children morale development, in cyclus 1, the moral development of children was still low, after cyclus II had been done, there was increasement. Based on the classroom action research, there was an increase of children morale development, it seemed before the action in the early percentage of children ability which was very high 13,23 %, in cyclus I it got increased into 36, 76 %, meanwhile in cyclus II, it got great increased into 77.44%. it shows that there is an increasement of children morale development from the early action before cyclus till cyclus II. The conclusion is telling fable can increase the children morale development. The writer suggests to the readers that this thesis can be used as the source to explore the knowledge increasing the children morale development.
KAJIAN PENGARUH KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN DAN SOSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA GURU
Authors: Agung Iskandar
Published: July 2021

Effort to improve the outcomes of student learning quality is very depend on the possession of competencies that make up the professionalism of teachers. Among the components of competence, that is personal competence and social competence, which is thought to have a significant influence on the teacher performance of the duties/work. The present study is focus on high school teacher. Both of these competencies are exogenous variables that proved to be a positive influence on the performance of the teacher as an endogenous variable. From the data processing is also obtained, that the number of indicators at the top rank in contributing to the exogenous variables studied are the Competence of Personality and Social Competence. Rank of indicators in personal competence are leadership, work ethic, self-sustainable development, and achievement orientation; rank of indicators in social competence is an communicative, objective, nondiscriminativey, and authority. The results of this study should receive special attention and consideration by the authorities in the process of establishing and improving the competence of teachers, both in the PLPG,PPG Dalam Jabatan, PPG Prajabatan, and teacher education by LPTK.
PENGEMBANGAN BAKAT SENI ANAK PADA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Antara Putu Aditya
Published: July 2021

This study aimed at finding out how learning develop the kindergarten childrenâ€™s artistic talent and the factors related to the development of the artistic talents. This research was conducted in Ratna Kumara Kindergarten at the Medahan village, Blahbatuh, Gianyar, Bali involving 40 children. As a qualitative case study, this research collected data by observation, interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis used Spradley techniques. The results found out: (a) the artistic talent is developed through a childâ€™s individual stimulation such as yoga, meditation, traditional games, singing, playing music and storytelling and in addition it can be done using social stimulation such as creative movement, role play, cooperative works; and (b) some factors supporting the success of children to develop their artistic talent that teachers should know such as the knowledge and understanding of childrenâ€™s education, ability to create joyful learning, to show a close relationship and a good working team of fellow teachers, establish good communication and cooperation with parents, and the support of adequate learning facilities and comfortable healthy environment.
ANALISIS FUNGSIONALISASI HASIL BELAJAR WARGA BELAJAR KEAKSARAAN DI KECAMATAN SUKAMAKMUR KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Retnowati Elais
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to describe the real condition of functioning learning achievement of the literacy of the learning community members in Sukamakmur Sub-district, Bogor District. The research based on qualitative approach was conducted as from April through September 2013 in Sukaresmi village and Sukadamai village. The data were collected by observation, interview, and field note taking. The data were analyzed by structuring, clarifying. The findings show, the ability of learning community members in Functional Literacy program in Sukaresmi and Sukadamai just reach at the level of skills and basic competence. The research recommends to accelerate to independent literacy as the important basic to improve the quality of their life.
MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI METODE PERMAINAN BINGO
Authors: Sudrajat Hana Nurwahidah , Herlina Herlina
Published: July 2021

The objective of this research is to investigate whether the implementation of Bingo game can increase studentsâ€™ mastery of English vocabulary at the 2nd grade students of Primary School of PGSD Laboratorium in Setiabudi South Jakarta. Using the model of Kemmis and McTaggart, this classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. The subject of this research were 20 students of the 2nd grade and the data were collected using test instrument to measure studentsâ€™ level of vocabulary mastery. The observation sheet was also used to record the activities of the teacher and the students when they were playing bingo game. The result of this research shows a significant increase in vocabulary mastery score after the application of Bingo game.
ОПЫТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СЕРОПРЕВАЛЕНТНОСТИ К ВИРУСУ SARS-CoV-2 НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ПЕРИОД ВСПЫШКИ COVID-19
Authors: Попова Анна , Ежлова Елена , Мельникова Альбина , Балахонов Сергей , Чеснокова Маргарита , Дубровина Валентина , Лялина Людмила , Смирнов Вячеслав , Трухина Анна , Пережогин Алексей , Пятидесятникова Анна , Брюхова Дарья , Киселева Наталья , Гефан Наталья , Гаврилова Ольга , Гаврилова Татьяна , Ломоносова Валерия , Тотолян Арег
Published: July 2021

В декабре 2019 г. появилась информация о новом заболевании, этиологическим фактором которого оказался β-коронавирус SARS-CoV-2. В Иркутской области первый больной COVID-19 выявлен 21 марта 2020 года. Это был завозной случай из Объединенных Арабских Эмиратов (ОАЭ). Период нарастания интенсивности эпидемического процесса продолжался 10 недель, после чего было зафиксировано постепенное снижение. Определение серопревалентности к COVID-19 было организовано в период с 23.06.2020 по 19.07.2020 г практически на максимальном уровне заболеваемости. Работа проводилась в рамках проекта Роспотребнадзора по оценке популяционного иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2 у населения Российской Федерации с учетом протокола, рекомендованного ВОЗ. Содержание антител к SARS-CoV-2 определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) с использованием набора реагентов для анализа сыворотки или плазмы крови человека на наличие специфических иммуноглобулинов класса G к нуклеокапсиду вируса SARS-CoV-2 производства ФБУН ГНЦПМиБ Роспотребнадзора (г. Оболенск) в соответствии с инструкцией по применению.

Результаты исследования показали, что коллективный иммунитет совокупного населения Иркутской области составил 5,8%. Его максимальный уровень установлен у детей 14-17 лет (13,8 %) и 1-6 лет (11,8 %). Показано, что при наличии контактов с больными COVID-19 риск инфицирования возрастает в 3,1 раза. После перенесенной COVID-19 антитела вырабатываются в 56,5 % случаев. Доля бессимптомных форм среди серопозитивных жителей Иркутской области составила 81,2 %.

Результаты оценки популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 у населения Иркутской области свидетельствуют о том, что в период эпидемического подъема заболеваемости инфекцией COVID-19 сформировался невысокий уровень серопревалентности. После перенесенного заболевания у 43 % лиц, антитела не выявлены. Значительная доля бессимптомных форм инфекции характеризует высокую интенсивность скрыто развивающегося эпидемического процесса. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать при организации профилактических мероприятий, включая вакцинацию, и прогнозировании заболеваемости.
Социально-экономические аспекты COVID-19 на примере Ростовской области
Authors: Твердохлебова Татьяна , Ковалев Евгений , Кулак Мария , Думбадзе Олег , Литовко Анна , Исенко Ульяна
Published: July 2021

Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются социальные и экономические аспекты COVID-19. Путем учета прямых медицинских затрат и недопроизведенного ВВП (от дней нетрудоспособности) подсчитывается экономический ущерб, нанесенный Ростовской области. Источниками данных об эпидемиологии заболевания послужила информация Управления Роспотребнадзора по Ростовской области, Министерства здравоохранения и Правительства Ростовской области.
ОЦЕНКА ПОПУЛЯЦИОННОГО ИММУНИТЕТА К SARS-COV-2 НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Попова Анна , Ежлова Елена , Мельникова Альбина , Носков Алексей , Ковалев Евгений , Карпущенко Гарри , Лялина Людмила , Смирнов Вячеслав , Чемисова Ольга , Тришина Алена , Березняк Елена , Воловикова Софья , Стенина Снежана , Янович Евгения , Мелоян Мисак , Асмолова Наталья , Усова Анна , Слись Сергей , Тотолян Арег
Published: July 2021

В декабре 2019 года в городе Ухань (КНР) официально зарегистрирован первый случай новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), вызванной SARS-CoV-2. Пандемическое распространение COVID-19 оказало существенное влияние на общественное здравоохранение многих стран, и 30.01.2020 г. Всемирная организация здравоохранения объявила о введении режима чрезвычайной ситуации в области общественного здравоохранения, имеющей международное значение. Заболевания людей COVID-19 отмечены более чем в 200 странах.

В Российской Федерации к августу 2020 г. подтверждено более 850 000 случаев заболевания, Ростовская область вошла в число десяти наиболее пораженных регионов России.

Распространение болезни во многом определяется состоянием популяционного иммунитета на определенной территории. Поскольку SARS-CoV-2 является новым патогеном, многие аспекты его передачи от человека к человеку и развития инфекционного процесса недостаточно охарактеризованы. Результаты массового серологического мониторинга могут составить основу для эпидемиологического прогноза, а также для разработки стратегии специфической профилактики болезни.

Целью настоящего исследования были изучение специфического гуморального иммунного ответа и оценка уровня популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Ростовской области.

В исследовании приняли участие 3048 человек. Волонтеры, участвовавшие в исследовании, были распределены по семи возрастным группам. Проведенная оценка серопревалентности к SARS-CoV-2 жителей Ростовской области показала, что доля лиц с положительными результатами теста на антитела IgG к новому коронавирусу составила 16,5 %, доля серопозитивных лиц в генеральной совокупности находится в пределах от 13,9% до 19,1% (р<0,05).

Достоверных гендерных различий в уровне серопревалентности не установлено, положительный результат зарегистрирован у 16,6% обследованных женщин и 16,5% мужчин. Установлен высокий уровень гуморального иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2 на фоне низких показателей заболеваемости у лиц в возрасте от 1 до 17 лет, что может свидетельствовать о доминировании бессимптомных форм болезни среди данной возрастной группы. Наибольший уровень серопозитивности выявлен среди дошкольников (33,6%), учащихся (29,3%), служащих (17,3%), работников образования (15,3%).
Разработка программы автоматизированного учета результатов ПЦР-исследований в режиме реального времени в условиях массового поступления биологического материала
Authors: Водопьянов Алексей , Хомяков Юрий , Писанов Руслан , Фурина Ангелина , Лопатин Антон , Носков Алексей
Published: July 2021

В связи со стремительным распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) в Российской Федерации (РФ) в 2020 г на базе ФКУЗ Противочумный центр Роспотребнадзора были организованы 70 рабочих мест и прикомандированы специалисты научно-исследовательских противочумных институтов Роспотребнадзора. Однако круглосуточный трехсменный режим работы существенно затрудняет организацию и учет проведенных исследований и увеличивает риск возникновения ошибок. Цель работы состояла в автоматизации наиболее проблемных этапов выполнения ПЦР-исследований на новую коронавирусную инфекцию и разработке алгоритма отслеживания результатов в режиме реального времени. Материалы и методы. Разработку собственных программных решений проводили на языке Python 3.8.2. Результаты и обсуждение. Исходными данными для автоматизации явились файлы xlsx, автоматически генерируемые программным обеспечением амплификатора, и типовые табличные шаблоны, заполняемые на этапах разбора проб и выделения РНК. Разработанное нами программное обеспечение проводило консолидацию данных в единый «файл-реестр» с одновременным выявлением возможных ошибок (наличие дублей, различия в перечнях проб на разных этапах и т.п.). Использование скриптового языка Python обеспечивает кроссплатформенность (возможность работы в любой операционной системе) и позволяет легко и быстро модифицировать систему при изменении каких-либо параметров или структуры входных файлов. Так на разработку и ввод в эксплуатацию данного программного комплекса было затрачено 7 дней, что особенно актуально при работе в условиях ЧС и режима повышенной готовности. Выводы. Использование разработанного нами подхода обеспечило более быстрое выявление проб, требующих повторного исследования, что в свою очередь сократило время выдачи результатов.
Method for Monitoring the Stator Core of a Powerful Turbo Generator
Authors: Levitskyi A. S. , Zaitsev Ie. O , Panchik M. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the development of an automatic method and device for monitoring the pressing of the stator core of a powerful turbo generator during its assembling at the manufacturer. The core is assembled and pressed in an upright position in separate parts; at each stage, it is necessary to monitor places with weakened solidity. The unevenness of the compaction density causes a relative displacement of the active steel sheets and losses of iron, as well as the appearance and development of certain defects (loosening of the teeth of the extreme packages, coloring of fragments of the active steel sheets, local closure of the sheets and heating of the packages), which can eventually cause severe accidents and failure of the turbo generator. Existing methods, including automatic ones, do not allow performing reliable monitoring. The method proposed by the authors for detecting places with weakened solidity is based on automatic measurement of the specific pressure of pressing during deformation of special control samples. A device for its implementation has been developed, which is a ring installed on the end surface of the core. Cells with control samples are evenly placed in the ring. The largest decrease in the sample thickness caused by the highest specific pressure corresponds to the smallest defect, and vice versa. As a pressure converter, it is proposed to use a flat metal membrane and a capacitive sensor with a digital output. The characteristics of the converter were calculated and experimentally verified. The specific pressure measurement results were processed using a special electronic unit. The device that has been developed makes it possible to improve labor productivity when monitoring the core, diagnose defects with greater reliability and eliminate them, and, ultimately, increase the reliability of the turbo generator as well as its durability.
Comparative Analysis of Measures and Technical Means for Suppressing the Aperiodic Current Component in Circuit Breaker
Authors: Kuchanskyi V. V.
Published: July 2021

Electromagnetic transients are considered in the implementation of three-phase automatic reclose on the transmission line of extra high voltage 750 kV. The influence of automatic shunting of phases and pre-insertion active resistance for limiting the characteristics of the aperiodic component of the current, which obstructs the transition of full current through zero, is evaluated. The paper analyses measures taking into account the effect of changing the degree of compensation of charging power and the angles of switching on an SF6 circuit breaker. Sub-schemes of disconnected undamaged phases of the extra high voltage transmission line for the investigation of the aperiodic current component have been developed. The values of the pre-insertion active resistances of different connection and automatic shunting of the phases are determined at which there is an effective reduction of the characteristics of the aperiodic component of the current. In the software environment, a model was developed and switching transient processes were simulated in the 750 kV transmission line. Operating modes that are potentially dangerous for SF6 circuit breakers are determined and recommendations are given to avoid them. Currently the technical and economic requirements for power transmission lines designed for the transport of electricity from large power plants and for the communication of powerful energy systems are increasing. Today there is the importance of reducing specific investment in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing lines. The solution of these issues is associated with the maximum use of power lines by increasing their power transfer capability and controlling modes, especially in operating emergency conditions and post-emergency operation of power systems.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКОГО ПЕРСОНАЛА В УСЛОВИЯХ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: РЫБКА Д.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматриваются системы оценку управленческого персонала в условиях модернизации. Перечислены факты, которые свидетельствуют о необходимости формирования системы комплексной
оценки персонала
Sustainable Water and Sanitation in Zambia: Impact evaluation of the 'Urban WASH' project
Authors: Vonk Jaynie
Published: July 2021

The ‘Urban WASH' project was implemented in George and Chawama compounds in Lusaka between July 2013 and June 2017 by Oxfam and Village Water Zambia. The project aimed to improve provision and sustainable management of WASH services by engaging citizens to hold duty bearers and service providers to account. Oxfam collaborated with local institutions on an array of activities, engaging stakeholders to create a conducive environment for service provision and improving capacities and practices. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, we assessed impact among households in the intervention communities and in a comparison community. We combined the household-level quantitative assessment with analysis of community-level qualitative Key Informant Interviews, carried out with relevant institutional representatives. Find out more by reading the full report now.
Generation of mouse hepatobiliary organoids from hepatocyte progenitors and cholangiocytes isolated from healthy adult mouse liver
Authors: Tanimizu Naoki , Ichinohe Norihisa , Sasaki Yasushi , Itoh Tohru , Sudo Ryo , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Katsuda Takeshi , Ninomiya Takafumi , Tokino Takashi , Ochiya Takahiro , Miyajima Atsushi , Mitaka Toshihiro
Published: July 2021

Number of liver organoids have been reported, though it is not clearly shown whether the functional connection between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes is recapitulated in those organoids. Here, we report generation of a hepatobiliary tubular organoid (HBTO) using mouse hepatocyte progenitors called small hepatocytes (SHs) and cholangiocytes. SHs differentiate and form the bile canalicular network in HBTOs and secret metabolites into the canaliculi, which are then transported into the biliary structure. Hepatocytes in the organoid acquire and maintain metabolic functions including albumin secretion and cytochrome P450 activities, over the long term. We provide the step-by-step protocol for induction of HBTO including isolation of cholangiocytes and SHs and co-culture of these two types of cell to generate functional connections between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
The impact of visuospatial perception on distance judgment and depth perception in an Augmented Reality environment in patients after stroke: an exploratory study
Authors: Höhler Chiara , Rasamoel Nils David , Rohrbach Nina , Hansen John Paulin , Jahn Klaus , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Krewer Carmen
Published: July 2021

Background Augmented Reality (AR)-based interventions are applied in neurorehabilitation with increasing frequency. Depth perception is required for the intended interaction within AR environments. Until now, however, it is unclear whether patients after stroke with impaired visuospatial perception (VSP) are able to perceive depth in the AR environment.Methods Different aspects of VSP (stereovision and spatial localization / visuoconstruction) were assessed in 20 patients after stroke (mean age: 64 ± 14 years) and 20 healthy subjects (HS, mean age: 28 ± 8 years) using clinical tests. The group of HS was recruited to assess the validity of the developed AR tasks in testing stereovision. To measure perception of holographic objects, three distance judgment tasks and one three-dimensionality task were designed. The effect of impaired stereovision on performance in each AR task was analyzed. AR task performance was modeled by aspects of VSP using separate regression analyses for HS and for patients.Results In HS, stereovision had a significant effect on the performance in all AR distance judgment tasks (p = .021, p = .002, p = .046) and in the three-dimensionality task (p = .003). Individual quality of stereovision significantly predicted the accuracy in each distance judgment task and was highly related to the ability to perceive holograms as three-dimensional (p = .001). In stroke-survivors, impaired stereovision had a specific deterioration effect on only one distance judgment task (p = .042), whereas the three-dimensionality task was unaffected (p = .317). Regression analyses confirmed a lacking impact of patients’ quality of stereovision on AR task performance, while spatial localization / visuoconstruction significantly prognosticated the accuracy in distance estimation of geometric objects in two AR tasks.Conclusion Impairments in VSP reduce the ability to estimate distance and to perceive three-dimensionality in an AR environment. While stereovision is key for task performance in HS, spatial localization / visuoconstruction is predominant in patients. Since impairments in VSP are present after stroke, these findings might be crucial when AR is applied for neurorehabilitative treatment. In order to maximize the therapy outcome, the design of AR games should be adapted to patients’ impaired VSP.Trial registration The trial was not registered, as it was an observational study.
Molecular Docking used as an advanced tool to determine novel compounds on emerging infectious diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Gouthami K , Veeraraghavan V , Saratale Ganesh Dattatraya , Rahdar Abbas , Bilal Muhammad , Shah Anshuman , Rai Vandna , Murari Satish Kumar , Hu Anyi , Kalia Sanjay , Mulla Sikandar
Published: July 2021

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are among the major problems impacted on global economics and healthful living. EIDs have long been perceive as a predominant conclusion of host-pathogen adaptation. Hence, in this analysis, influence by the appearance of major factors that impact emerging infectious diseases and explicate some extensive EIDs like HIV/AIDs, H1N1 and Coronavirus. A wealth of new trends, especially in applied science is fetching progressively for the fast molecular recognizable proof of microorganisms and the more precise checking of infectious disease movement. Atomic docking is one of the prominent computational tools, involving in construction put together medication disclosure with respect to EIDs to evaluate the limiting affinities between little particles and macromolecule that can further, used as a target of HIV/AIDs, H1N1, and coronavirus. Molecular approach of influenza neuraminidase, HIV-1 protease and Spike protein of corona virus result shows Zanamivir, Nelfinavir, Saquinavir, Erythromycin and Spiramycin are favourable interaction against the selected target proteins. These novel drug compounds approved in vivo studies with reaffirm results, it is clear that the computational methods (mainly molecular docking) are found to be an effective technique for drug discovery.
Profiling Patient-Reported Symptom Recovery from Esophagectomy for Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Real World Longitudinal Study
Authors: Luo Xi , Xie Qin , Shi Qiuling , Miao Yan , Yu Qingsong , Yu Hongfan , Yin Hong , Leng Xuefeng , Han Yongtao , Zhou Hong
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients have severe symptom burden after esophagectomy; however, longitudinal studies of symptom recovery after surgery are scarce. This study used longitudinal patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptoms to identify severe symptoms and profile symptom recovery from surgery in patients undergoing esophagectomy.Methods: Esophageal cancer patients (N=327) underwent esophagectomy were consecutivly included between April 2019 and March 2020. Data were extracted from the Sichuan Cancer Hospital’s Esophageal Cancer Case Management Registration Database. Symptom assessment time points were pre-surgery and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 90 days post-surgery using the Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory. The symptom recovery trajectories were profiled using mixed-effect models and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: The most-servere symptoms after esophagectomy were pain, fatigue, dry mouth, disturbed sleep, and distress. The severity of symptoms peaked on day 1 after surgery. The top two symptoms were fatigue (mean: 5.44[SD 1.88]) and pain (mean: 5.23[SD 1.29]). Fatigue was more severe 90 days after surgery than at baseline (mean: 1.77 [SD 1.47] vs 0.65 [SD 1.05]; P<.0001). Disturbed sleep and distress persisted from pre-surgery to 90 days post-surgery; average sleep recovery time was up to 20 days, and 50.58% of patients had sleep disturbances 90 days post-surgery.Conclusions: Early postoperative pain management after esophagectomy should be considered. Characteristics and intervention strategies of postoperative fatigue, distress, and disturbed sleep in esophageal cancer patients warranty further studies.The study was registered on ChiCTR.org.cn Web site (ChiCTR2000040780, date 12/10/2020).
Spike Protein Recognizer Receptor ACE2 Targeted Identification of Potential Natural Antiviral Drug Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bouback Thamer A. , Samad Abdus , Nur Suza Mohammad , Abdullah-Al-Mamun Md. , Alam Rahat , Hossen Md Saddam , Nain Zulkar , Imon Raihan Rahman , Ahammad Foysal , Qadri Ishtiaq , Karpiński Tomasz M.
Published: July 2021

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), also known as peptidyl-dipeptidase A, belongs to the dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases family has emerged as a potential antiviral drug target against SARS-CoV-2. Most of the ACE2 inhibitors discovered until now are chemical synthesis; suffer from many limitations related to stability and adverse side effects. However, natural, and selective ACE2 inhibitors that possess strong stability and low side effects can be replaced instead of those chemicals’ inhibitors. To envisage structurally diverse natural entities as an ACE2 inhibitor with better efficacy, a structure-based-pharmacophore model (SBPM) was developed and validated by 20 known selective inhibitors with their correspondence 1166 decoy compounds. The validated SBPM has excellent goodness of hit score and good predictive ability, which has been appointed as a query model for further screening of 11,295 natural compounds. The resultant 23 hits compounds with pharmacophore fit score 75.31 to 78.81 were optimized using in-silico ADMET and molecular docking analysis. Four potential natural inhibitory molecules namely D-DOPA (Amb17613565), L-Saccharopine (Amb6600091), D-Phenylalanine (Amb3940754), and L-Mimosine (Amb21855906) have been selected based onbinding affinity (−7.5, −7.1, −7.1, and −7.0 kcal/mol), respectively. Moreover, 250 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the structural stability of the ligands within the protein. Additionally, MM/GBSA approach also used to support the stability of molecules to the binding site of the protein that also confirm the stability of the selected four natural compounds. The virtual screening strategy used in this study demonstrated four natural compounds that can be utilized for designing a future class of potential natural ACE2 inhibitor that will block the spike (S) protein dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell.
Study on Sand Liquefaction Induced by Songyuan Earthquake with a Magnitude of M5.7 in China
Authors: Li Ping , Tian Zhaoyang , Bo Jingshan , Zhu Sheng , li Yuying
Published: July 2021

A large-scale sand liquefaction producing typical and novel surface phenomena was found at the epicenter of Songyuan M5.7 earthquake occurring on May 28, 2018. Field survey and experimental test encompassing boring sampling, standard penetration test(SPT), cone penetration test(CPT), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and X-ray fluorescence(XRF) were performed to ascertain the liquefaction damage and site characteristic. Cone penetration test is an excellent assay for the identification of liquefied sand layer and acquisition of physio-mechanical parameter. Moreover, the assay is applicable for on-site post-earthquake investigation. Factors promoting the formation and controlling the distribution of the sand liquefaction were analyzed. The liquefaction impacted an 80 km2 area, and was primarily embodied as sand boil and water sprout on rice field, despite producing no significant structural damage. Due to the simple profile of local soil layer, ground motion, geomorphic condition, and groundwater level were the main factors governing the distribution of the liquefaction. Majority of the liquefied sand layer was discovered at the depth less than 10 m. However, deep layer liquefaction at the depth greater than 18 m was also discovered, which was demonstrated by the upward movement of liquefied sand towards the upper silty clay layer at the depth of 17 m. Most importantly, we have identified loess liquefaction, a phenomenon which had not been reported previously in Northeast China. Lastly, it is important to highlight the risk of significant liquefaction damage at Songyuan. Hence, investigating the liquefaction risk is potentially beneficial for augmenting planning on earthquake mitigation, engineering reconnaissance, and design project.
Immunological Characterization of the Chemically Prepared Ghosts of Salmonella Typhimurium as a Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Rabea Sameh , Yassin Aymen S. , Mohammed Aly Fahmy , Salem-Bekhit Mounir M. , Alanazi Fars K. , Esmail Eman Amin , Moneib Nayera A. , Hashem Abd Elgawad M.
Published: July 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to measure the immunogenic protective response of bacterial ghosts of Salmonella typhimurium in animals. Accordingly, the researchers will be able to do further clinical trials and confirm the efficiency of bacterial ghosts in human vaccination. The targets to be measured are humoral immune response: immunoglobulins elevation (IgG), cellular immune response: granulocytes increment; serum antibacterial activity; success the faeces and liver virulence challenge and High survival rates.Results: The BG vaccine was able to protect 100% of BG subcutaneously vaccinated rats and 75% of BG-adjuvant subcutaneously vaccinated rats. The lowest survival rate was in the BG orally vaccinated group (25%). The maximum level of serum IgG titers as well as serum and faeces bactericidal activity (100% eradication) was exhibited in the subcutaneously vaccinated group with BG-adjuvant followed by the BG subcutaneously vaccinated one. Additionally, the highest granulocytes’ number was observed in the BG-adjuvant subcutaneously immunized group. The bacterial load in liver homogenate eliminated in the subcutaneously vaccinated rats by BG after virulence challenge. Conclusions: The bacterial ghosts of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that prepared by tween 80 protocol showed an effective vaccine candidate that protected animals, eliminated the virulence in faeces and liver. These findings suggest that chemically induced bacterial ghosts of Salmonella typhimurium can be a promising vaccine.
The Association Between Gut Microbiome Affecting Concomitant Medication and The Related Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Patients With Stage IV NSCLC
Authors: Verschueren M. V. , Welle C.M. Cramer- van der , Tonn M. , Schramel F. M.N.H. , Peters B. J.M. , de Garde E. M.W. van
Published: July 2021

Objectives
This historically matched cohort study investigated the influence of microbiome-affecting-medication on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We postulated that if the effectiveness of immunotherapy is mediated by drug-related changes of the microbiome, a stronger association between the use of co-medication and overall survival (OS) will be observed in patients treated with immunotherapy as compared to patients treated with chemotherapy.
Methods
Immunotherapy patients were matched (1:1) to patients treated with chemotherapy in the pre immunotherapy era. The association between the use of antibiotics, opioids, proton pump inhibitors, metformin and other antidiabetics on OS was assessed with multivariable cox-regression analyses. Interaction tests were applied to investigate whether the association differs between patients treated with immuno- or chemotherapy.
Results
A total of 442 patients were studied. The use of antibiotics was associated with worse OS (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) 1.39, p = 0.02) independent of the type of therapy (chemotherapy or immunotherapy). The use of opioids was also associated with worse OS (aHR 1.33, p = 0.01). The other drugs studied showed no association with OS. Interaction term testing showed no effect modification by immuno- or chemotherapy for the association of antibiotics and opioids with OS.
Conclusion
The use of antibiotics and opioids is similarly associated with worse outcomes in both chemotherapy and immunotherapy treated NSCLC patients. This suggests that the association is likely to be a consequence of confounding by indication rather than disturbing the composition of the microbiome.
Study Protocol for the Exercising Together© Trial: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Partnered Exercise for Couples Coping with Cancer
Authors: Winters-Stone Kerri , Lyons Karen S. , Dieckmann Nathan , Lee Christopher S. , Mitri Zahi , Beer Tomasz M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Most cancer survivors are married, and cancer strains the physical and mental health of each partner and their intimate relationship. We created a partnered strength training program, Exercising Together©, where the survivor and his/her partner exercise as a team in order to improve physical and mental health of both members of the couple as well as the quality of their relationship. We have not yet determined if Exercising Together© is similarly effective in couples coping with different types of cancer nor if training as a team has unique and added benefits over those derived from supervised group training and/or shared behavior change. The purpose of this study is to determine the unique benefits of Exercising Together© on physical, mental and relational health in couples coping with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer.
Methods

Survivors of prostate, breast and colorectal cancer (N = 294, 98 per cancer site) and their intimate, co-residing partners are recruited to participate in a single-blind, parallel group, randomized trial comparing three exercise groups that train twice per week for 6 months. Couples are randomized to one of three groups: 1) Exercising Together© where partners train as a team in a supervised group setting, 2) separate supervised group exercise classes for survivors or partners, respectively, 2) unsupervised home exercise program provided to each partner. The primary outcome is relationship quality (dyadic coping by the Dyadic Coping scale, emotional intimacy by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, physical intimacy by the Physical Intimacy Behavior Scale, and symptom incongruence). Secondary outcomes are physical health (% body fat by DXA, serum fasting lipids (triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), resting blood pressure, C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, and physical functioning by the short Physical Performance Battery and SF-36) and mental health (depressive symptoms, anxiety, fear of recurrence) of each partner. Outcomes are collected at baseline, mid (3 months), post-intervention (6 months), and follow up (12 months).
Discussion

Exercising Together© could shift the paradigm of survivorship care toward novel couple-based approaches that could optimize outcomes for each partner because their health is interdependent on each other and their relationship.
Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 2 in Patients with Thymoma and Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Zhu Haoshuai , Zou Jianyong , Zeng Bo , Yang Wei , Xiao Jiefei , Zhang Xin , Su Chunhua
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of PD-L2 in thymoma and thymomatous myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: The records of 70 patients with thymoma who underwent surgical resection between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Thymoma PD-L2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Associations between PD-L2 expression and clinicopathological features were examined. Results: PD-L2 expression was positive in 41 patients (58.6%) and negative in 29 patients (41.4%). Of the patients, 33 had thymomatous MG. Patients with MG were more likely to be ≤ 50 years of age (69.70% vs. 35.14%), have higher WHO type (84.85% vs. 64.86%), smaller tumor size (4.09 ± 2.33 vs. 6.47 ± 2.42 cm), have positive PD-L2 expression (78.79% vs. 40.54%), and have higher PD-L2 expression intensity, ratio, and score (all, P < 0.05). Positive PD-L2 expression was associated with higher WHO type, higher Masaoka-Koga stage, smaller tumor size, ectopic thymus, and MG (all, P < 0.05). Factors significantly associated with MG were age > 50 years (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.39), tumor size > 5 cm (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.82), and positive PD-L2 expression (OR = 9.25, 95% CI: 1.93 to 44.30) (all, P < 0.05; Table 3).Conclusion: Thymoma PD-L2 expression is significantly associated with thymomatous MG and WHO histological type B2 and B3.
Rebuild-up Effect on Superficial Cardiac Lesion Surrounded by Low-density Lungs: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Planning Study Using 3-D Printed Phantom for Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
Authors: No Si-Won , Shin Jun-Bong , Bae Yong-Ki , Kim Jungmin , Hong Semie , Lee Jeong-Woo
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to evaluate dose distributions on the superficial cardiac lesion surrounded by low-density lungs. We fabricated the 3-D printed cardiac phantom to insert in a multipurpose lungman phantom (KYOTO KAGAKU, Japan) for simulating a stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in ventricular tachycardia (VT) treatment. The cardiac phantom consists of 11 slabs with 1-cm intervals and is designed to insert radiochromic film (Gafchromic EBT3, Ashland Advanced Materials, Bridgewater, NJ) for film dosimetry. We used film dosimetry scanners (DosimetryPRO Advantage Red, Vidar Systems Corporation, Herndon, VA) with dedicated film dosimetry software (OP-IMRT, ver.1.6, IBA dosimetry, Germany). Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique was applied to optimize the dose distribution using the anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA) in a radiation treatment planning (RTP) system (Eclipse v. 13.6, Varian, Palo Alto, CA). We used the 6-MV and 15-MV photon energies from a LINAC (Clinac iX, Varian, Palo Alto, CA) to investigate the planning target volume (PTV) under-dose effects due to the inner dose rebuild-up by energy dependence. The dose distributions in the VMAT plans with 6-MV and 15-MV showed good competitive coverages of the cardiac lesion without any severe underdose pattern. On the other side, the film dosimetry results showed significant dose variations near the interface of the cardiac lesion surrounded by low-density lung. The differences between the planning and the film dosimetry results revealed pretty well in both photon energies. The maximum dose differences in the cardiac PTV were ranged from 4.1–7.7% and 4.1–8.1% for 6-MV photon beams and 15-MV photon beams. Furthermore, EBT3 film measurements showed that the widths of 50% of profiles were reduced by 1.3 cm and 2.3 cm on 6-MV photon beams and 15-MV photon beams, respectively. In addition, 3-D printing techniques enabled quite challengeable dose measurements to reveal this kind of dose discrepancies in humanoid structures. This study showed that clinical cases like VT SBRT surrounded by severe inhomogeneous matter could induce wrongly to estimate appropriate dose delivery and to evaluate reasonable clinical outcomes.