bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of a Gas–Liquid Flow in Vacuum Air-Lift Column Using an Optical Bi-Probe
Authors: Hassan Barkai Allatchi , El Hajem Mahmoud , Lacassagne Tom , Champagne Jean-Yves
Published: April 2019

The vacuum airlift column process was patented in 2007 and is under development. The experimental study of its hydrodynamics is one of the axes explored to optimize its design and operation. The object of the study presented in this paper is to determine the functions of phase indicator (gas holdup, superficial gas velocity and bubble size) of the gas–liquid flow. The experimental analysis is carried out using a two-phase instrumentation consisting of an optical fiber bi-probe. The use of experimental techniques has made it possible to better understand the hydrodynamics of a two-phase flow. The optical bi-probe placed between two column flanges made it possible to have a complete mapping of the flow of the dispersed phase. The use of a mass flow meter and an ultrasonic flowmeter, in different flow configurations, provided data on the column operation.
Rhus and Safflower Extracts as Potential Novel Food Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Agents Using Nanotechnology
Authors: Ibrahim Faten Y. , EL-Khateeb Ayman Y. , Mohamed Azza H.
Published: April 2019

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts offers a safe and attractive alternate to the chemical methods. The present work aims at preparing metal nanoparticles of rhus (Rhus coriaria L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) extracts using Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ag+ ions. The water extracts were prepared, and the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents were determined. The safflower extract contained the highest number of total polyphenols and total flavonoids (87.20 mg GAE/g and 36.32 mg QE/g), respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The studied extracts and their nanoparticles were evaluated as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. The plant extracts and their nanoparticles showed significant antioxidant activity using (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Safflower silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were the most powerful antimicrobial agent compared to the other nanoparticles. The Sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxic activity was evaluated against three cancer cell lines. The results revealed that CuNP safflower nanoparticles displayed the highest activity as anticancer agent with values (98.94% with T47D, 97.68% with HEPG2, and 89.33% against Caco-2). The data revealed that rhus and safflower extracts and their nanoparticles possess high potential activity as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents.
The Mercapturomic Profile of Health and Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Gonçalves-Dias Clara , Morello Judit , Semedo Valdir , Correia M. João , Coelho Nuno R. , Monteiro Emilia C. , Antunes Alexandra M. M. , Pereira Sofia A.
Published: April 2019

The mercapturate pathway is a unique metabolic circuitry that detoxifies electrophiles upon adducts formation with glutathione. Since its discovery over a century ago, most of the knowledge on the mercapturate pathway has been provided from biomonitoring studies on environmental exposure to toxicants. However, the mercapturate pathway-related metabolites that is formed in humans—the mercapturomic profile—in health and disease is yet to be established. In this paper, we put forward the hypothesis that these metabolites are key pathophysiologic factors behind the onset and development of non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases. This review goes from the evidence in the formation of endogenous metabolites undergoing the mercapturate pathway to the methodologies for their assessment and their association with cancer and respiratory, neurologic and cardiometabolic diseases.
Adulthood Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Comparison of Education, Occupation, Income, and Material Deprivation: The Maastricht Study
Authors: Qi Yuwei , Koster Annemarie , van Boxtel Martin , Köhler Sebastian , Schram Miranda , Schaper Nicolaas , Stehouwer Coen , Bosma Hans
Published: April 2019

In an effort to better quantify the impact of adulthood socioeconomic circumstances on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we set out to examine the relative importance of four adulthood socioeconomic indicators. Using cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study on 2011 middle-aged older men and women, our findings indicate that low educational level (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.24–2.64), low occupational level (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.98–2.05), and material deprivation (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.33–2.38) were independently associated with T2DM. Low income (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.88–1.87) was the strongest, albeit not significant, SEP (socioeconomic position) correlate of prediabetes. This association confirms SEP as a multifaceted concept and indicates the need to measure SEP accordingly. In order to tackle the social gradient in prediabetes and T2DM, one should, therefore, address multiple SEP indicators and their possible pathways.
Limited Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in India
Authors: Hussain Salman , Habib Anwar , Najmi Abul Kalam
Published: April 2019

Diabetes and hypertension are the two major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epidemiological studies have found poor knowledge about the CKD among the general population. Hence, this study aimed to assess the awareness of CKD among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in India. Patients with confirmed T2DM were included in the study. Patients receiving dialysis or with a history of a kidney transplant were excluded. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about CKD. Demographic characteristics were presented using descriptive statistics and trends in groups were calculated using the chi-square test. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v9.4. A total of 323 patients completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 56 ± 11.25 years, and 51.7% were female. Only 33.43% of the patients correctly identified diabetes and hypertension as risk factors for CKD, while 44.27% were aware of the kidney’s function. Statistically significant associations were observed between kidney disease knowledge and education status (p = 0.004), socioeconomic status (p = 0.000), and income status (p = 0.003). No association was observed between the knowledge about CKD and age, gender, hypertension stages, CKD stages, duration of diabetes as well as hypertension and co-morbidities. Based on the results of this study, we found poor knowledge of CKD among Indian T2DM patients. The government should start a CKD awareness programme to deal with this rising co-morbid condition.
Dynamic Wildfire Navigation System
Authors: Ozaki Mitsuhiro , Aryal Jagannath , Fox-Hughes Paul
Published: April 2019

Wildfire, a natural part of many ecosystems, has also resulted in significant disasters impacting ecology and human life in Australia. This study proposes a prototype of fire propagation prediction as an extension of preceding research; this system is called “Cloud computing based bushfire prediction”, the computational performance of which is expected to be about twice that of the traditional client-server (CS) model. As the first step in the modelling approach, this prototype focuses on the prediction of fire propagation. The direction of fire is limited in regular grid approaches, such as cellular automata, due to the shape of the uniformed grid, while irregular grids are freed from this constraint. In this prototype, fire propagation is computed from a centroid regardless of grid shape to remove the above constraint. Additionally, the prototype employs existing fire indices, including the Grassland Fire Danger Index (GFDI), Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) and Button Grass Moorland Fire Index (BGML). A number of parameters, such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and forecast weather data, are prepared for use in the calculation of the indices above. The fire study area is located around Lake Mackenzie in the central north of Tasmania where a fire burnt approximately 247.11 km 2 in January 2016. The prototype produces nine different prediction results with three polygon configurations, including Delaunay Triangulation, Square and Voronoi, using three different resolutions: fine, medium and coarse. The Delaunay Triangulation, which has the greatest number of adjacent grids among three shapes of polygon, shows the shortest elapsed time for spread of fire compared to other shapes. The medium grid performs the best trade-off between cost and time among the three grain sizes of prediction polygons, and the coarse size shows the best cost-effectiveness. A staging approach where coarse size prediction is released initially, followed by a medium size one, can be a pragmatic solution for the purpose of providing timely evacuation guidance.
Novel Technological Advances in Functional Connectomics in C. elegans
Authors: DiLoreto Elizabeth M. , Chute Christopher D. , Bryce Samantha , Srinivasan Jagan
Published: April 2019

The complete structure and connectivity of the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system (“mind of a worm”) was first published in 1986, representing a critical milestone in the field of connectomics. The reconstruction of the nervous system (connectome) at the level of synapses provided a unique perspective of understanding how behavior can be coded within the nervous system. The following decades have seen the development of technologies that help understand how neural activity patterns are connected to behavior and modulated by sensory input. Investigations on the developmental origins of the connectome highlight the importance of role of neuronal cell lineages in the final connectivity matrix of the nervous system. Computational modeling of neuronal dynamics not only helps reconstruct the biophysical properties of individual neurons but also allows for subsequent reconstruction of whole-organism neuronal network models. Hence, combining experimental datasets with theoretical modeling of neurons generates a better understanding of organismal behavior. This review discusses some recent technological advances used to analyze and perturb whole-organism neuronal function along with developments in computational modeling, which allows for interrogation of both local and global neural circuits, leading to different behaviors. Combining these approaches will shed light into how neural networks process sensory information to generate the appropriate behavioral output, providing a complete understanding of the worm nervous system.
Computing Degree Based Topological Properties of Third Type of Hex-Derived Networks
Authors: Wei Chang-Cheng , Ali Haidar , Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan , Naeem Muhammad Nawaz , Liu Jia-Bao
Published: April 2019

In chemical graph theory, a topological index is a numerical representation of a chemical network, while a topological descriptor correlates certain physicochemical characteristics of underlying chemical compounds besides its chemical representation. The graph plays a vital role in modeling and designing any chemical network. Simonraj et al. derived a new type of graphs, which is named a third type of hex-derived networks. In our work, we discuss the third type of hex-derived networks H D N 3 ( r ) , T H D N 3 ( r ) , R H D N 3 ( r ) , C H D N 3 ( r ) , and compute exact results for topological indices which are based on degrees of end vertices.
Identification of the Actinomycin D Biosynthetic Pathway from Marine-Derived Streptomyces costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073
Authors: Liu Mengchan , Jia Yanxi , Xie Yunchang , Zhang Chunyan , Ma Junying , Sun Changli , Ju Jianhua
Published: April 2019

Bioactive secondary metabolites from Streptomycetes are important sources of lead compounds in current drug development. Streptomyces costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073, a mangrove-derived actinomycete, produces actinomycin D, a clinically used therapeutic for Wilm’s tumor of the kidney, trophoblastic tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma. In this work, we identified the actinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) acn by detailed analyses of the S. costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073 genome. This organism produces actinomycin D with a titer of ~69.8 μg mL−1 along with traces of actinomycin Xoβ. The acn cluster localized to a 39.8 kb length region consisting of 25 open reading frames (ORFs), including a set of four genes that drive the construction of the 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid (4-MHA) precursor and three non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) that generate the 4-MHA pentapeptide semi-lactone, which, upon dimerization, affords final actinomycin D. Furthermore, the acn cluster contains four positive regulatory genes acnWU4RO, which were identified by in vivo gene inactivation studies. Our data provide insights into the genetic characteristics of this new mangrove-derived actinomycin D bioproducer, enabling future metabolic engineering campaigns to improve both titers and the structural diversities possible for actinomycin D and related analogues.
Modified Leach Residues from Processing Deep-Sea Nodules as Effective Heavy Metals Adsorbents
Authors: Vu Nguyen , Kristianová Eva , Dvořák Petr , Abramowski Tomasz , Dreiseitl Ivo , Adrysheva Aigerim
Published: April 2019

The possible use of leaching residue from leaching deep-sea nodules in SO2/H2SO4/H2O medium as a low-cost adsorbent of heavy metals (Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), As(V)) was studied. The leaching residue was found to be an effective adsorbent for all of the tested elements; however, it was inactive in the solution containing As(V). The chemical activation of adsorbent in 10 vol. % HCl resulted in the greatest improvement of adsorption properties, while the activation in 10 vol. % HNO3 and heat treatment at 250 °C did not significantly affect the sorption characteristics of treated adsorbents compared with the original leaching residue. After HCl activation, the maximal adsorption capacities for lead (12.0 mg/g at pH 5.0 after 1 h), nickel (3.1 mg/g at pH 5.5 after 4 h) and cobalt (2.0 mg/g at pH 5.0 after 2 h) were achieved. Additional mechanical treatment connected with HCl activation provided the highest adsorption capacities for cadmium (11.5 mg/g at pH 4.0) and copper (5.7 mg/g at pH 4.5). Coprecipitation of Fe/Al-based particles on the surface of the leaching residue increased As(V) removal of the adsorbent. Surface coating based on AlIII was extremely effective, causing the increase of the adsorption capacity from 0 with the original leaching residue, to 28.1 mg/g (pH 7.0, 24 min). Kinetics studies showed the rapid progress of adsorption for Pb(II), Cd(II), and As(V) in tens of minutes, while the adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) approached a steady state after 2 h.
A Geostatistical Simulation of a Mineral Deposit using Uncertain Experimental Data
Authors: Narciso João , Araújo Cristina Paixão , Azevedo Leonardo , Nunes Ruben , Costa João Filipe , Soares Amílcar
Published: April 2019

In the geostatistical modeling and characterization of natural resources, the traditional approach for determining the spatial distribution of a given deposit using stochastic sequential simulation is to use the existing experimental data (i.e., direct measurements) of the property of interest as if there is no uncertainty involved in the data. However, any measurement is prone to error from different sources, for example from the equipment, the sampling method, or the human factor. It is also common to have distinct measurements for the same property with different levels of resolution and uncertainty. There is a need to assess the uncertainty associated with the experimental data and integrate it during the modeling procedure. This process is not straightforward and is often overlooked. For the reliable modeling and characterization of a given ore deposit, measurement uncertainties should be included as an intrinsic part of the geo-modeling procedure. This work proposes the use of a geostatistical simulation algorithm to integrate uncertain experimental data through the use of stochastic sequential simulations with local probability functions. The methodology is applied to the stochastic modeling of a benchmark mineral deposit, where certain and uncertain experimental data co-exist. The uncertain data is modeled by assigning individual probability distribution functions to each sample location. Different strategies are proposed to build these local probability distributions. Each scenario represents variable degrees of uncertainty. The impacts of the different modeling approaches on the final deposit model are discussed. The resulting models of these proposed scenarios are also compared against those retrieved from previous studies that use conventional geostatistical simulation. The results from the proposed approaches showed that using stochastic sequential simulation with local probability functions to represent local uncertainties decreased the estimation error of the resulting model, producing fewer misclassified ore blocks.
Anthocyanin Encapsulated by Ferulic Acid-Grafted-Maltodextrin (FA-g-MD) Microcapsules Potentially Improved its Free Radical Scavenging Capabilities Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ma Yi , Feng Yunhui , Zeng Wanling , Luo Huibo
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and release behavior of anthocyanin (ANC) loaded within FA-g-MD wall (ANC-FA-g-MD microcapsule) in vitro. The microencapsulation of ANC was prepared by spray drying and displayed a biphasic release profile. The combination of ANC and FA-g-MD (0.0625–1 mg/mL) showed a higher antioxidant activity than that of both individuals. A possible intermolecular interaction between ANC and FA-g-MD was studied by UV-vis spectra. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, and protein expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), glutathione reductase (GSR) and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (γ-GCLC) were measured through human colon cancer cells (HT-29). After a 24-hour incubation of the HT-29, the combinations (0–60 μg/mL) exhibited a high potential to diminish the ROS level. And the distinct upregulated expressions of GCLC and NQO1 of HT-29 were detected after treatment with combinations compared to those of single ones. These results suggested that the ANC-FA-g-MD microcapsules exerts enhanced antioxidant effect with capability of the modulation of GCLC and NQO1.
Search for New Aggregable Fragments of Human Insulin
Authors: Swiontek Monika , Fraczyk Justyna , Wasko Joanna , Chaberska Agata , Pietrzak Lukasz , Kaminski Zbigniew J. , Szymanski Lukasz , Wiak Slawomir , Kolesinska Beata
Published: April 2019

In this study, three independent methods were used to identify short fragment of both chains of human insulin which are prone for aggregation. In addition, circular dichroism (CD) research was conducted to understand the progress of aggregation over time. The insulin fragments (deca- and pepta-peptides) were obtained by solid-phase synthesis using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate (DMT/NMM/TosO-) as a coupling reagent. Systematic studies allowed identification of the new fragments, expected to be engaged in triggering aggregation of the entire structure of human insulin under physiological conditions. It was found that the aggregation process occurs through various structural conformers and may favor the formation of a fibrous structure of aggregate.
Improving the Utility of the Tox21 Dataset by Deep Metadata Annotations and Constructing Reusable Benchmarked Chemical Reference Signatures
Authors: Cooper Daniel J. , Schürer Stephan
Published: April 2019

The Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) project seeks to develop and test methods for high-throughput examination of the effect certain chemical compounds have on biological systems. Although primary and toxicity assay data were readily available for multiple reporter gene modified cell lines, extensive annotation and curation was required to improve these datasets with respect to how FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) they are. In this study, we fully annotated the Tox21 published data with relevant and accepted controlled vocabularies. After removing unreliable data points, we aggregated the results and created three sets of signatures reflecting activity in the reporter gene assays, cytotoxicity, and selective reporter gene activity, respectively. We benchmarked these signatures using the chemical structures of the tested compounds and obtained generally high receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores, suggesting good quality and utility of these signatures and the underlying data. We analyzed the results to identify promiscuous individual compounds and chemotypes for the three signature categories and interpreted the results to illustrate the utility and re-usability of the datasets. With this study, we aimed to demonstrate the importance of data standards in reporting screening results and high-quality annotations to enable re-use and interpretation of these data. To improve the data with respect to all FAIR criteria, all assay annotations, cleaned and aggregate datasets, and signatures were made available as standardized dataset packages (Aggregated Tox21 bioactivity data, 2019).
Reservations about Rushton
Authors: Flynn James
Published: April 2019

Rushton believed not only that East Asians, whites, and blacks could be ranked in that order for desirable traits but also that the black/white IQ gap is predominantly genetic in origin. Concerning the first, he relied on the “ice ages hypothesis”to show that the evolutionary history of the three races had varied as East Asians were subjected to the most demanding environment (north of the Himalayas), whites to the next most demanding (north of the Alps), and blacks to the least demanding (Africa). As to the second, he appealed to arguments based on the method of correlated vectors (Jensen effects) and regression to the mean. To assess his contribution I argue: (1) That the racial ranking for desirable traits is not as tidy as it seems; (2) That the ice ages hypothesis has been falsified; (3) That the black/white Q gap is more likely to be environmental, with black American subculture as the culprit; and (4) That appeals to correlated vectors and regression cannot disentangle genetic and environmental causes.
The Effect of Biracial Status and Color on Crystallized Intelligence in the U.S.-Born African–European American Population
Authors: Fuerst John , Lynn Richard , Kirkegaard Emil
Published: April 2019

The relationship between biracial status, color, and crystallized intelligence was examined in a nationally representative sample of adult Black and White Americans. First, it was found that self-identifying biracial individuals, who were found to be intermediate in color and in self-reported ancestry, had intermediate levels of crystallized intelligence relative to self-identifying White (mostly European ancestry) and Black (mostly sub-Saharan African ancestry) Americans. The results were transformed to an IQ scale: White (M = 100.00, N = 7569), primarily White–biracial (M = 96.07, N = 43, primarily Black–biracial (M = 94.14 N = 50), and Black (M = 89.81, N = 1381). Next, among self-identifying African Americans, a statistically significant negative correlation of r = −0.102 (N = 637) was found between interviewer-rated darker facial color and vocabulary scores. After correction for the reliability of the measures, this correlation increased to r = −0.21. Corrections for the validity of color as an index of African ancestry would raise this correlation to around r = −0.48. This association among self-identifying African Americans was not accounted for by confounding factors, such as region of residence and interviewer race, or by parental socioeconomic status and individual educational attainment. In the multivariate models, the standardized betas for color and crystallized intelligence among African Americans ranged from β = −0.112 to β = −0.142. Based on the coefficients from the multivariate analysis, it was further found that cognitive ability was a significant mediator in the context of color and education, while education was not in the context of color and cognitive ability. It is concluded that these results further substantiate the statistical relation between intelligence and biogeographic ancestry in African and European American populations.
Evidence for Recent Polygenic Selection on Educational Attainment and Intelligence Inferred from Gwas Hits: A Replication of Previous Findings Using Recent Data
Authors: Piffer Davide
Published: April 2019

Genetic variants identified by three large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) were used to test a polygenic selection model. Weighted and unweighted polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated and compared across populations using data from the 1000 Genomes (n = 26), HGDP-CEPH (n = 52) and gnomAD (n = 8) datasets. The PGS from the largest EA GWAS was highly correlated to two previously published PGSs (r = 0.96–0.97, N = 26). These factors are both highly predictive of average population IQ (r = 0.9, N = 23) and Learning index (r = 0.8, N = 22) and are robust to tests of spatial autocorrelation. Monte Carlo simulations yielded highly significant p values. In the gnomAD samples, the correlation between PGS and IQ was almost perfect (r = 0.98, N = 8), and ANOVA showed significant population differences in allele frequencies with positive effect. Socioeconomic variables slightly improved the prediction accuracy of the model (from 78–80% to 85–89%), but the PGS explained twice as much of the variance in IQ compared to socioeconomic variables. In both 1000 Genomes and gnomAD, there was a weak trend for lower GWAS significance SNPs to be less predictive of population IQ. Additionally, a subset of SNPs were found in the HGDP-CEPH sample (N = 127). The analysis of this sample yielded a positive correlation with latitude and a low negative correlation with distance from East Africa. This study provides robust results after accounting for spatial autocorrelation with Fst distances and random noise via an empirical Monte Carlo simulation using null SNPs.
Looking East for Mindfulness: A Glimpse of Practices and Research on Shaolin Martial Arts and Related Practices to Advance Sport Psychology
Authors: Kee Ying
Published: April 2019

Although mindfulness is currently receiving attention within sport psychology, there is a lack of discussion on the Eastern origins of mindfulness in the extant sport psychology literature. Several mind‒body practices linked to Chinese Chan and Shaolin martial arts are presented in this paper to illustrate their possible relevance to sport psychology. One takeaway message discussed in relation to the flow experience is that mindful performance of Shaolin martial arts is said to be integral to the psychological transformations associated with realisation of Chan (or “suchness,” satori, Enlightenment), supposedly a goal more likely to be pursued by mindfulness practitioners in the Eastern culture than in the West. Research on Dejian mind‒body intervention, dantian breathing and Shaolin internal martial arts such as Baduanjin and Yijinjing are briefly reviewed to examine the potential psychological benefits of such mind‒body practices. Advancement in sport psychology, particularly in relation to mindfulness-related topics, could benefit from a closer examination of Chan and Shaolin martial arts practices.
The Relationship between Knowledge about the Artist’s Mental Illness and Artwork Reception
Authors: Tofilski Mateusz , Stawski Filip
Published: April 2019

Art reception is a complex process influenced by many factors, both internal and external. A review of the literature shows that knowledge about the artist, including their mental health, has an impact on the general assessment of their artwork. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between knowledge about the artist’s mental illness and the perception of the artwork. We focused on the subjective emotional experience and general assessment of ten specific pictures painted by patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The research followed four cohorts (two groups divided into two subgroups—art experts and laypeople) of students for over a month. The results revealed significant differences between the two general groups as well as between the ‘expert’ and ‘laypeople’ groups. The findings showed that non-aesthetic categories (e.g., knowledge about the mental illness of an artist) were related to artwork perception and support a holistic and dynamic approach to aesthetic emotions.
Theorizing Indigenous Student Resistance, Radical Resurgence, and Reclaiming Spiritual Teachings about Tma’áakni (Respect)
Authors: Jacob Michelle , Gonzales Kelly , Finley Chris , RunningHawk Johnson Stephany
Published: April 2019

Indigenous dispossession and environmental devastation are intertwined outcomes of settler colonialism’s cycle of violence. However, indigenous people continue to draw from cultural and spiritual teachings to resist such forms of violence, and engage in what Leanne Simpson calls “radical resurgence.” Our paper analyzes the Yakama elders’ teachings about Tma’áakni (Respect), to examine principles and forms of indigenous resistance and resurgence, demonstrated by indigenous students in support of the NoDAPL(No Dakota Access PipeLine) movement. Elders’ teachings, which are rooted in spiritual traditions held by indigenous peoples since time immemorial, are useful for understanding and articulating the importance of the contemporary indigenous student activism. We assert that indigenous people, drawing from intergenerational forms of teaching and learning, provide systemic alternatives that can simultaneously protect the sacred, and heal social and ecological devastations by reclaiming indigenous cultural teachings and traditions that resist settler colonial paradigms.
Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: modelling guidelines and patient preferences based on an Irish cohort
Authors: Byrne Paula , Cullinan John , Gillespie Paddy , Perera Rafael , Smith Susan M
Published: April 2019

Background

Changes in clinical guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have widened eligibility for statin therapy.

Aim

To illustrate the potential impacts of changes in clinical guidelines.

Design and setting

Modelling the impacts of seven consecutive European guidelines based on a cohort of people aged ≥50 years from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Method

The eligibility for statin therapy of a sample of people without a history of CVD was established, according to changing guideline recommendations and modelled associated potential costs. The authors calculated the numbers needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one major vascular event in patients at the lowest baseline risk for which each of the seven guidelines recommended treatment, and for those at low, medium, high, and very-high risk according to 2016 guidelines. These were compared with the NNT that patients reported as required to justify taking a daily medicine.

Results

The proportion of patients eligible for statins increased from approximately 8% in 1987 to 61% in 2016; associated costs rose from €13.9 million to €107.1 million per annum. The NNT for those at the lowest risk for which each guideline recommended treatment rose from 40 to 400. By 2016, the NNT for low-risk patients was 400 compared to ≤25 very-high risk patients. The proportion of patients eligible for statins achieving NNT levels that patients regarded as justified to taking a daily medicine fell as guidelines changed over time.

Conclusion

Increased eligibility for statin therapy impacts large proportions of the present population and healthcare budgets. Decisions to take and reimburse statins should be considered on the basis of expected cost-effectiveness and acceptability to patients.
Islamic Lexic And Terms In Bosnian Language
Authors: Ujkanović Enver
Published: April 2019

Islamic lexic in the Corps of Oriental vocabulary is not negligible. This breakthrough into the Bosnian language area is related to the penetration of Islam and his acceptance by the local population. The system of educational institutions that are formed within Islam, has implemented all aspects of the study of Islamic sciences, and opened the way processes in language interferences. Islam has given their faithful an appropriate characteristic that is reflected in various forms of cultural, public and private life. Subsequent to the conversion of the local population to Islam were extralinguistic factors that went in favor of linguistic interference, opening the way to intensive borrowing vocabulary from the religious sphere, but also in the lexic that follows the customs and daily life, the lexic of personal names.
Beyond the Known Dimensions of Edith Durham
Authors: Ziu Majlinda
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Verbal Irony as a Communicative Mode of Persuasion
Authors: Neshkovska Silvana , Trajkova Zorica
Published: April 2019

The general pervasiveness of politics in modern society renders political discourse susceptible to analysis by many different profiles of researchers, especially linguists.

This particular paper attempts to shed light on the usage of verbal irony in political discourse. The premise we put forward here is that politicians in their political speeches purposefully employ irony in order to enhance the persuasiveness of their speech. Moreover, we believe that the enhancement of persuasiveness is in a direct correlation with the pragmatic functions of verbal irony. To put it differently, 'seasoning' political speeches with ironic statements which evoke either humor; or express mild ridicule, or harsh criticism at the expense of the political opponent, is what makes them truly persuasive.

The corpus compiled for the purposes of this research comprises political speeches delivered by American politicians in the course of the 2016 U.S. presidential race.

The results obtained primarily confirm the relatively high incidence of verbal irony in political speeches; then, they also point to the relatively high degree of persuasion attached to irony in general and its association mainly with expressing mild ridicule and harsh criticism.
Spatial Distribution of AlO in a High-mass Protostar Candidate Orion Source I
Authors: Tachibana Shogo , Kamizuka Takafumi , Hirota Tomoya , Sakai Nami , Oya Yoko , Takigawa Aki , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: April 2019

High-temperature molecular gas containing metallic elements is potentially a good probe to trace the kinematics/dynamics of circumstellar disks, and its presence in circumstellar disks around young stellar objects (YSOs) may also give some insights into formation processes of high-temperature meteoritic components formed in the Sun’s protoplanetary disk. The Orion Kleimann–Low (KL) region is the most famous and nearest massive star formation site, and has been extensively studied since the 1970s. The KL region harbors a candidate high-mass YSO, Source I, which has a hot circumstellar rotating gas disk emanating a magnetocentrifugal wind of SiO. In this study, we report spatially resolved distributions of aluminum monoxide (AlO) emission lines at 497 and 650 GHz in the rotating outflow of Orion Source I based on subarcsecond observations obtained by the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array for the first time in star-forming regions. These AlO emissions are detected only at the base of the outflow as the high excitation line of H2O in spite of their low excitation temperatures. The limited distribution of AlO to the launching point of the outflow indicates that AlO is not in the gas phase in the outer part of the outflow lobes away from the disk surface, which could be attributed to recondensation of AlO as dust due to its refractory nature.
Survey on Risk-Based Decision-Making Models for Trust Management in VANETs
Authors: Qurashi Junaid Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Ubiquitous use of wireless technology and ad-hoc networks have paved the way for intelligent transportation systems also known as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Several trust-based frameworks have been proposed to counter the challenges posed by such fast mobile networks. However, the dynamic nature of VANETs make it difficult to maintain security and reliability solely based on trust within peers. Decision-making upon collaborative communications is critical to functioning of VANETs in safe, secured, and reliable manner. Decision taken over malicious or wrong information could lead to serious consequences. Hence, risk management within paradigm of trust becomes an important factor to be considered. In this chapter, a survey of the existing works having incorporated risk factor in their trust models has been explored to give an overview of approaches utilized. The parameters chosen in these models are analyzed and categorized based on the approaches modeled. Finally, future research directions will be presented.
Effect of Disposition Effect on Investment Decision Making in Property Market in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Usman Dashol Ishaya , Pam Mary
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the chapter was to establish the effect of disposition on investment decision making in property market in Plateau State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was used in the study. Primary data was collected using standard questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions. The regression analysis results confirmed that there was a significant positive linear relationship between disposition and investor investment decision making in property market in Plateau State in Nigeria. The study concluded that disposition effects bias does not alter rationality in investment decision making. Disposition affected investment decisions. The main recommendation for investors is to make constant attempts to increase their awareness on behavioral finance by educating themselves on the field. Studying about the biases and reflecting on their decisions are likely to help achieve better self-understanding of the extent and manner to which they are influenced by emotions while making financial decisions under uncertainty.
Marketing to Develop Environmental Sustainability, Awareness, and Action
Authors: Trott Sangeeta
Published: April 2019

The main purpose of the chapter is to understand the role of marketing in creating awareness and action for sustainability in the fourth industrial revolution. The chapter is sequenced as follows: It begins with a brief introduction, followed by exploring the relationship between marketing and sustainability. The chapter then explains how marketing can play an important role in developing awareness and action at various phases of sustainability with suitable examples. The chapter then discusses the various issues which one faces in sustainability and ends with a conclusion. The chapter has great theoretical and managerial implications.
Environmental Performance in the Waste Management Industry of Africa
Authors: Chummun Bibi Zaheenah
Published: April 2019

In the midst of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the proliferation of the technology revolution is changing the mindset of people relating to waste management. The mobility of people to the different places of African continent, a hike in industrial advancements, and the increase in the rise of goods consumption among others are fueling the generation of waste across Africa. Although the waste management industry plays a crucial role, reports have shown in the last decade that environmental degradation, pollution, and non-compliances by the activities of waste management companies prevail and impinge on environmental performance. Waste has now become one of the most significant environmental issues that requires attention. This chapter emphasizes on the landscape of the sector of waste management and the challenges facing the waste industry in Africa. The chapter ends with propositions to address those issues in a view to promote environmental performance and ensure responsible management of emerging African markets in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Social Innovation as a Promoter of the Welfare
Authors: Carvalho Luísa Cagica , Viana Adriana Backx Noronha
Published: April 2019

Although there is already much literature on innovation, the term social innovation is still relatively recent and underexplored. Social innovation refers to ideas, actions, and new or improved knowledge with the goal of overcoming the social needs in several areas of cooperation and participation. This influences the improvement of welfare, mainly through some regional projects that diagnose high priority needs of the most vulnerable population. This chapter aims to discuss the influence of social innovation in the improvement of daily life and presents a case study of the project one dollar glasses in Brazil. This project was developed initially by the German researcher Martin Aufmuth, who designed the production of resistant glasses with a lower cost. Renovatio in Brazil delivers about 12,000 glasses and covers a gap of ophthalmologists (85% of municipalities in Brazil don't have this specialty) and the access to this fundamental product.
Roles of Market Orientation and Social Orientation on Sustainability
Authors: Vaz Joaquim , Santiago Jose Francisco
Published: April 2019

The empirical literature relates increasingly competitive environments to innovative business activities. The chapter aims at analyzing proactivity as a condition of the dynamics to which organizations are obliged to search for, devise, and generate an adequate response, accompanied by the capacity for innovation and sustainability in the nature of the response to achieve a competitive advantage. This chapter contributes to the understanding of small business innovation capacity. It proposes a model that starts from the market orientation and the social orientation, as variables that enhance the innovation capacity of the companies, impelling in this way, their response to the needs of the customers. A multi-case study is used to validate the said model in the SMEs rural in Cáceres. The results show a reactive market orientation and a high awareness of generating sustainability conditions. This means that environmental and social orientation should be maintained or adapted to so innovation can be sustainable in the long run.
Artificial Intelligence to Super Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Culture to Transhumanist Culture
Authors: Uğur Serap , Kurubacak Gulsun
Published: April 2019

The 21st century is a period in which technological developments constantly present new innovations. This broad spectrum, from computers to mobile technologies, from augmented reality to virtual reality, from wearable technologies to artificial intelligence, is radically changing societies' economies, education systems, governments, and even cultures. Artificial intelligence studies have reached a point where people discuss how a human-like intelligence would be. This leads to the emergence of systems that regulate the work, daily lives, communications, jobs, and even family budgets of people. These developments also change the living standards and styles of individuals. The cultural texture that technology has restructured is now called “cyber” beyond digital. But how will the future technologies affect this cultural change and what kind of change awaits?
Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Transhumanism Smart Phones
Authors: Aksu Okan
Published: April 2019

The relationship between humans and machines has been a controversial topic throughout history. In the past, technology was viewed as a mere change in people's living conditions while today it is evident that it affects the nature of humanity itself. This very change can range from microscale structures, such as human DNA, to bigger structures, such as limbs. We have been aware that it is just the beginning for this change. According to the theory of transhumanism, further changes on the human body are expected with the rapid developments in technology. These changes will naturally not be limited to the human body. The increasing amount of interaction between humans and machines will result in the execution of more complicated and difficult tasks by machines instead of humans, which is the focus of the present study. There are many points where the humans and machines meet with technological developments, one of which is the thinking function of humans and its possible transfer to machines. The thinking capacity of machines is known as artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Goksel Nil , Bozkurt Aras
Published: April 2019

Though only a dream a while ago, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a reality, being now part of our routines and penetrating every aspect of our lives, including education. It is still a field in its infancy, but as time progresses, we will witness how AI evolves and explore its untapped potential. Against this background, this chapter examines current insights and future perspectives of AI in various contexts, such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and deep learning. For this purpose, social network analysis (SNA) is used as a guide for the interpretation of the key concepts in AI research from an educational perspective. The research identified three broad themes: (1) adaptive learning, personalization and learning styles, (2) expert systems and intelligent tutoring systems, and (3) AI as a future component of educational processes.
Transhumanism and Positive Psychological Capital in Organizational Behavior
Authors: Urgan Suzan
Published: April 2019

The efforts to extend the human life have been one of the most discussed topics in all periods of history. Advances in science and technology lead the way to these pursuits. Especially with the developments related to artificial intelligence, it is thought that in many fields, human life will change radically in the future. Transhumanism refers to studies that are performed for the human to live a good life psychologically, physiologically and socially through extending the life span. The ability of a person to live a better life depends on his harmony with hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy, which indicate his positive psychological capital, as much as the progress in science and technology. With the study, transhumanism and positive psychological capital have been examined in the framework of organizational behavior, and how life in the future might be has been stated.
An Evaluation of Transhumanist Bill of Rights From Current and Future Perspective
Authors: Öngün Erdem
Published: April 2019

Science and technology are now radically changing human beings and how they help create various future forms of advanced sapient and sentient life in a transhumanist future and their related rights. In that process, the issue of transhumanist rights for such forms attract a great attention that is worth rethinking. Transhumanist Bill of Rights mainly covers “sentient entities” such as human beings, including genetically modified humans, digital intelligences, cyborgs, intellectually enhanced, previously non-sapient animals, any species of plant or animal enhanced to possess the capacity for intelligent thought, and other advanced sapient life forms. In that respect, the main concern of this chapter basically centers around the question to what extent transhumanist rights will be compatible and applicable enough to meet the needs of all sentient entities and forms on universal basis in a transhumanist world, which stands on the line between a dystopian and utopian future.