bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Data Science
Authors: Schmidt Johanna
Published: May 2021

Organizations are collecting an increasing amount of data every day. To make use of this rich source of information, more and more employees have to deal with data analysis and data science. Exploring data, understanding its structure, and finding new insights, can be greatly supported by data visualization. Therefore, the increasing interest in data science and data analytics also leads to a growing interest in data visualization and exploratory data analysis. We will outline how existing data visualization techniques are already successfully employed in different data science workflow stages. In some cases, visualization is beneficial, while still future research will be needed for other categories. The vast amount of libraries and applications available for data visualization has fostered its usage in data science. We will highlight the differences among the libraries and applications currently available. Unfortunately, there is still a clear gap between visualization research developments over the past decades and the features provided by commonly used tools and data science applications. Although basic charting options are commonly available, more advanced visualization techniques have hardly been integrated as new features yet.
The Profession of Biokinetics in South Africa: The Need for Access to the Public Healthcare System
Authors: Paul Yvonne , J. Ellapen Terry , C. Muluvhu Takalani , B. Ntjana Makwena
Published: May 2021

This chapter reviews the efficacy of the only South African exercise therapy profession (Biokinetics) in the rehabilitation of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Biokinetics is a South African exercise therapy profession established in 1983 and which operates in both the pathogenic and fortogenic healthcare paradigms. Unfortunately, the profession of Biokinetics is restricted to the South African private healthcare sector. This chapter describes the scope of the profession of Biokinetics, empirical studies illustrating the efficacy of the profession in addressing society’s non-communicable disease epidemic, and the challenges inhibiting the profession from gaining access to the South African public healthcare sector. It is hoped that the presentation and critical appraisal of the empirical evidence which illustrates the contribution of the profession of Biokinetics to the rehabilitation of NCDs justifies the authors’ claims for the inclusion of the aforementioned profession in the South African public healthcare sector.
Nutritional Composition of Grain and Seed Proteins
Authors: Abiola Oso Adeola , Omotayo Ashafa Anofi
Published: May 2021

Grains including wheat, brown rice, millet, oat, and seeds from crops such as pumpkins, almonds, cashew, peas are important staple foods in many parts of the world. Grains and seeds contain proteins and bioactive peptides classified as nutraceuticals. Proteins and peptides are essential components in man’s diet because they provide the raw materials needed for protein biosynthesis and are also a good source of energy. Incorporating grains and seeds into the human diet provide nutritional, functional health benefits, reducing contracting some chronic diseases. They avail the body with a balanced nutrient profile such as carbohydrate, fatty-acid, fibre, B vitamins, minerals and protein. The quest at exploring staples for their functional and health benefits, as well as reducing risks to diseases, has resulted in the investigation of the potentials of grains and seeds, especially the underutilised ones (African yam bean, pigeon pea, Bambara groundnut etc.) for consumption and as an alternative therapy against diseases. This chapter discusses grains and seeds as sources of nutrition protagonist, their nutritive property, health benefits, and the pharmacological properties of bioactive peptides in grains and seeds. However, some under-utilised grain and seed proteins would also be explored for their nutritive potentials.
Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of Vascular Damage in Giant Cell Arteritis, the ‘Unmet Needs’ for Targeted Treatment
Authors: Rusu Luiza
Published: May 2021

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary systemic vasculitis characterized by systemic inflammation and vascular insufficiency of large and medium blood vessels which may lead to end-organ damage in patients age 50 and older. Standard corticosteroid treatment of GCA significantly improves the intima-media thickness while having less influence on vascular endothelial dysfunction. GCA morbidity may be related to both cardiovascular complications and corticosteroid toxicity. Therefore, we aim to discuss 1) characteristic aspects of vascular damage, 2) several mechanisms that cause vascular dysfunction, intima-media ‘nodular’ thickness, progressive narrowing of the arterial lumen and vascular blockage in the context of systemic inflammation, thrombosis and of the cardiovascular complications in GCA and 3) new therapeutic glucocorticosteroid-sparing (GS) agents which might be a more productive way of avoiding the invalidating or life-threatening cardiovascular complications of GCA.
Orthoses in Conservative Management of Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Vinita
Published: May 2021

Cerebral palsy is the developmental and postural disorder that combines a group of conditions/disease (neuromuscular), occurs in the developing fetal or infant brain, affects movement and intelligence that are ascribed to non-progressive disturbances. Orthotics is the branch of modern health science and rehabilitation that deals with assessment, prescription, fabrication, fitment, and purposeful gait training to the individual who needs orthosis for optimal independence. Orthoses are external devices that applied to increase function, prevent contracture and deformity, maintain the limbs in a functional position, stabilize the segments of the body, support the weak muscle and its functions, increase motor control, reduce spasticity, protect the limbs, and body segments in the postoperative condition.
Graphene-Based Materials for Supercapacitor
Authors: Jahid Akhtar Abu
Published: May 2021

Graphene, a one-atomic-thick film of two-dimensional nanostructure, has piqued the attention of researchers due to its superior electrical conductivity, large surface area, good chemical stability, and excellent mechanical behaviour. These extraordinary properties make graphene an appropriate contender for energy storage applications. However, the agglomeration and re-stacking of graphene layers due to the enormous interlayer van der Waals attractions have severely hampered the performance of supercapacitors. Several strategies have been introduced to overcome the limitations and established graphene as an ideal candidate for supercapacitor. The combination of conducting polymer (CP) or metal oxide (MO) with graphene as electrode material is expected to boost the performance of supercapacitors. Recent reports on various CP/graphene composites and MO/graphene composites as supercapacitor electrode materials are summarised in this chapter, with a focus on the two basic supercapacitor mechanisms (EDLCs and pseudocapacitors).
Nutritional Composition and Biochemical Properties of Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Dereje Belay , Chibuzo Nwankwo
Published: May 2021

Solanum tuberosum is the most popular vegetable in people’s diets all over the world, and it’s considered a staple crop in many countries. It has immense potential to reduce food insecurity and prevent malnutrition in developing and developed countries because of its productivity, nutritional composition and unique biochemical features. However, a lack of information about the nutritional composition and biochemical properties of this tuber severely limits its use. Improved awareness of the biochemical and nutritional quality, utilization, and future economic importance of the crop has important implications for human food systems, nationally and internationally. This chapter presents a brief overview of key findings that led to our current knowledge of the biochemical and nutritional composition of the Solanum tuberosum tuber. The wide range of Solanum tuberosum varieties lays a great foundation for their industrial production and applications. The biochemical and nutritional composition of the Solanum tuberosum is summarized briefly.
Graphene and Its Nanocomposites Based Humidity Sensors: Recent Trends and Challenges
Authors: Sett Avik , Biswas Kunal , Majumder Santanab , Datta Arkaprava , Kanti Bhattacharyya Tarun
Published: May 2021

Humidity sensors are of utmost importance in certain areas of life, in processing industries, in fabrication laboratories and in agriculture. Precise evaluation of humidity percentage in air is the need of various applications. Graphene and its composites have shown great potential in performing as humidity sensors owing to enormous surface area, very low electrical noise, high electrical conductivity, mechanical and thermal stability and high room temperature mobility. There is no such extensive review on graphene-based devices for humidity sensing applications. This review extensively discusses graphene-based devices intended towards sensing humidity, starting from the methods of synthesizing graphene, its electronic and mechanical properties favoring sensing behavior and different types of sensing mechanisms. The review also studies the performance and recent trends in humidity sensor based on graphene, graphene quantum dots, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and various composite materials based on graphene such as graphene/polymer, graphene/metal oxide or graphene/metal. Discussions on the limitations and challenges of the graphene-based humidity sensors along with its future trends are made.
Hepatit B’ye Bağlı Kronik Karaciğer Hastalığında Safra Kesesi Motilitesinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TUNCEL Elif Tuğba
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Çalışmamızda hepatit B’ye bağlı kronik karaciğer hastalarında portal hipertansiyonla ilişkili faktörlerin safra kesesi duvar kalınlığı ve motilitesi üzerindeki etkilerine bakıldı. Aynı zamanda antrum duvar kalınlığı ve mide motilitesi üzerindeki etkilerine bakılması amaçlandı.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya portal hipertansiyon bulguları olmayan 10 hasta kontrol, portal hipertansiyon gelişmiş 20 hasta olgu grubu olarak alındı. Batın ultrasonografiyle açlık, test yemeği sonrası 15.dk, 30.dk, 60.dk, 90.dk, 120.dk safra kesesi ve antrum duvar kalınlığı, postprandiyal safra kesesi volümleri ve ejeksiyon fraksiyonları ölçüldü.

Bulgular: Hastaların 15’i Child Pugh A (%50), 10’u Child Pugh B (%35), 5’i Child Pugh C (%15) olarak sınıflandırıldı. Her iki grupta zamanla safra kesesi ejeksiyon fraksiyon oranlarının arttığı, safra kesesi volümlerin de azalma olduğu gösterildi. Sirozlu hastaların safra kesesi duvar kalınlık değişimi kontrol grubuna göre 30 ve 90. dk’ larda istatistiksel anlamlı ölçüde arttığı gösterildi. Sirozlu hastalarda antrum duvar kalınlığındaki değişim oranının 15, 30. ve 120. dakikalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde arttığı gösterildi.

Sonuç: Kronik karaciğer hastalığında safra kesesi duvar kalınlığında artma ve motilitesinde azalma olduğu saptandı. Bu sonuçlardan portal hipertansiyonun tek başına sorumlu olmadığı gösterildi. Portal hipertansiyon olan ve olmayan kronik karaciğer hastalarında safra kesesi hipomotilitesi yönünden bir fark olmadığı saptandı. Safra kesesi hipomotilitesi ve kese duvar kalınlaşmasında portal hipertansiyonla ilişkili karaciğer yetmezliğine bağlı rezervin azalması, hipoalbuminemi, safra stazı bilinen önemli nedenlerdir. Ancak portal hipertansiyon dışı nörohumoral faktörlerin de sorumlu olabileceğini düşündürdüğünden bununla ilgili ileri çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Pleurotus Eryngii Ekstraktının Sprague-Dawley Sıçanlarında Adriamisin Kaynaklı Kardiyotoksisite Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ERDEM GÜZEL Elif
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Adriamisin (ADR), kanser tedavilerinde kullanılan güçlü ve geniş spektrumlu bir antibiyotiktir. Fakat ADR’nin klinik etkinliği, doza bağlı kardiyotoksisitesi nedeniyle engellenmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada ADR uygulanan sıçanların kalp dokularında meydana gelen değişiklikler üzerine Pleurotus eryngii ekstraktının (PEE)’nin koruyucu etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Sprague-Dawley cinsi erkek sıçanlar 4 eşit gruba ayrıldı (n=6). Kontrol grubuna DMSO/etanol çözeltisi oral gavaj yolu ile gün aşırı verildi. ADR grubuna 10 mg/kg ADR intraperitoneal (i.p) olarak tek doz uygulandı. ADR+PEE grubuna 10 mg/kg i.p tek doz ADR verildikten sonra DMSO/etanol içinde çözdürülen 200 mg/kg PEE oral gavaj yoluyla gün aşırı verildi. PEE grubuna oral gavaj ile DMSO/etanolde çözdürülen 200 mg/kg PEE gün aşırı verildi. 21.günün sonunda sıçanlar dekapite edildi. Dekapitasyonun ardından kalp dokuları çıkarılarak histolojik ve kantitatif RT-PCR analizleri yapıldı.

Bulgular: ADR grubuna ait kalp dokularında inflamatuar hücre artışı, miyofibril kaybı, sitoplazmik vakuolizasyon ve vasküler konjesyon bulgularına rastlanıldı. PEE tedavisinin bu histopatolojik bulgularda iyileşmeye neden olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca ADR grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla IL1-β immunoreaktivitesinde ve IL1-β, BAX, Kaspaz-3 mRNA seviyelerinde anlamlı bir artış olduğu izlendi. ADR+PEE grubunda ise ADR grubuna kıyasla IL-1β immunoreaktivitesinde ve IL1-β, BAX, Kaspaz-3 mRNA seviyelerinde anlamlı bir azalma olduğu belirlendi.

Sonuç: ADR’ye bağlı kardiyotoksisitede PEE tedavisinin anti-apoptotik ve anti-inflamatuar özellikleri ile kardiyoprotektif etki gösterdiği ortaya koyuldu.
Career adaptability, personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics as predictors of organizational commitment
Authors: Suvajdžić Katarina , Šakan Dušana , Franceško Mirjana , Bojanić Željka
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which career adaptability, personality traits, and socio-demographic features account for organizational commitment among the employed population. The study was conducted on an appropriate sample of 390 employees in the public (34%) and private sector (66%) in Serbia (42% male, 58% female), average age of 40. 46,2% of the respondents occupy executive positions, and 58,2% non-executive positions. Criterion variables are summative scores of organizational commitment dimensions (affective, normative and instrumental). Predictor variables are socio-demographic features (gender, organizational role, organization type, years of employment (total), years of employment (current organization), age, and education) as summative scores on the six-dimension HEXACO-based model (Honesty, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience) and summative scores on career adaptability scales (concern, control, curiosity and confidence). Employing hierarchical multiple regression-based analyses, we have determined that personality traits, socio-demographic features, and career adaptability aspects account for 29% of affective commitment variance, 18% of normative commitment and 17% of instrumental commitment. In order of magnitude and importance, socio-demographic features first and personality traits second can be considered stable predictors of affective and normative commitment, whereas career adaptability makes for the least stable predictor. Personality traits are the most important factor in instrumental commitment, then socio-demographic features, whereas career adaptability is the least important factor. Affective commitment is more common among employees occupying executive positions, employees with longer employment period in the organization, and among employees in the private sector who display higher levels of extraversion, honesty and agreeableness, and levels of control. Normative commitment is on avarage higher among executives, in the private sector, among employees with shorter total employment (but longer employment in the current organization), and among older employees with higher extraversion, agreeableness and lower openness. Instrumental commitment is on average higher among employees with longer employment period in the organization and older respondents, and among those with higher emotionality and honesty, and lower extraversion. We can conclude that socio-demographic features constitute a major factor in organizational commitment, while personality traits are less significant. Career adaptability is a minor factor, and only for some aspects of organizational commitment. Based on the results obtained, we have fomulated a number of practical implications that may be of use to occupational psychologists in creating interventions to increase organizational commitment.
Investment banking and securities markets
Authors: Krstić Snežana , Mihajlović Milan , Milojević Irena
Published: May 2021

An increasing number of analyses have given proof that an effective financial system differs from an ineffective one in that it drives the long-term economic growth forward by allocating financial resources to more profitable investments. As a result, demands for financial sector reforms to increase its efficiency have intensified, in order to promote economic progress. Stable and efficient banking systems are an important component of every financial system. By reducing the efficiency of a country's banking or entire financial system, the ability to allocate resources for productive investment is reduced. The aim of the paper is to examine the importance and future possibilities of investment banking in the context of modern capital markets.
Multi-objective optimization of turning process using a combination of Taguchi and VIKOR methods
Authors: van Thien , Hoang Tien , Duc Trung , Nguyen Nhu-Tung
Published: May 2021

This study presents the solving process of the multi-objective optimization problem using VIKOR method when turning the EN 10503 steel. The cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of cut, and insert nose radius were chosen as the input parameters with three levels of each parameter. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to design the experimental matrix with nine experiments. By the combination of Taguchi and VIKOR methods, the multi-objective optimization problem was successfully solved with optimal values (cutting velocity of 78.62 m/min, feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev, cutting depth of 0.5 mm, and insert nose radius of 0.6 mm. Using these the optimized input parameters, the surface roughness, cutting force and vibration component amplitudes (in X, Y, Z directions), and material removal rate (MRR) were 0.621 µm, 191.084 N, 51.727 N, 300.162 N, 4.465 µm, 7.492 µm, 10.118 µm, and 60.009 mm3 /s, respectively. This proposed method could be used to improve the quality and effectiveness of turning processes by improving the surface quality, reducing the cutting force and vibration amplitudes, and increasing the material removal rate.
The impact of adapted soccer program on psychosocial behavior in adolescents with Down syndrome
Authors: Perić Dušan , Milićević-Marinković Bojana
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Numerous studies have proven the significant positive impact of regular physical activity on the condition of people with intellectual disability. In practice, various adapted sports activities are increasingly used for children and adolescents with disabilities. Objectives. The current feasibility study determined the effect of soccer program on some psychosocial characteristics in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods. 20 adolescents were recruited and randomized into two groups (the experimental group vs. the control group). Adolescents placed in the experimental group followed an adapted soccer program twice a week for 16 weeks. Adolescents placed in the control group continued with their usual daily routine during the experimental period. The level of aggression, attention problems, the level of anxiety and depression, and social problems were assessed. Results. The experimental group had significant improvements in all psychosocial variables. At the same time, no significant changes were registered in the control group. Conclusion. The results suggest that the soccer program can decrease the level of aggression, anxiety and depression, increase attention and improve social behavior in adolescents with DS.
Employment readiness in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Milanović-Dobrota Biljana , Vidojković Sara , Japundža-Milisavljević Mirjana , Đurić-Zdravković Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Of all people with disabilities, persons with intellectual disabilities are the most numerous unemployed group who wait for a job the longest. In order to spend their day in a more productive way, these people spend time in centres and day-care centres within the system of social protection, but their motivation for work decreases over time. Objectives. The main goal of this research was to determine work readiness in adults with intellectual disabilities by assessing the specific dimension of work motivation, with special emphasis on determining differences in gender, level of formal education, type of family environment, and records in the National Employment Service. Methods. The convenience sample consisted of 78 respondents of both genders, users of services provided by associations for helping persons with intellectual disabilities in Belgrade. Work Readiness Scale (Rose et al., 2010) was used in this research. Results. Adults with intellectual disabilities were moderately interested in employment, but the obtained results differed from the estimated variables. Respondents who were professionally trained for work, as well as those who were registered in the records of the National Employment Service, showed proactive attitudes towards employment. Family support was insufficient and the lack of support was the most pronounced among the respondents living in foster families. No statistically significant differences were found with regard to gender. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the need to provide professional support to adults with intellectual disabilities regarding the importance of working in integrated employment, with simultaneous cooperation with family members. Also, further research is needed in order to profile work readiness more clearly and adequately plan various services for the inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in the world of work.
Effect of corrective exercises on functional spinal deformities in preschool and school-aged children
Authors: Biševac Emir , Mahmutović Elvis , Mekić Raid , Dolićanin Zana
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Poor muscle development, accompanied by insuffcient physical activity and non-physiological forces which act on the bone and joint system, often causes improper body posture. Objectives. To examine whether performing corrective exercises which stretch shortened and strengthen weakened muscles regularly can improve body posture in preschool and school-aged children. Methods. The prospective study included 110 children, 63 (57.2%) boys and 47 (42.8%) girls (the average age being 6.6 ± 2.4). Corrective exercises were performed four times a week for six months, in periods of 90 minutes. We used somatoscopy and somatometry methods to assess body posture. Results. On the initial checkup it was found that 18 children (16.4%) had some kind of spine deformity; 11 of them (10%) had scoliosis, six (5.5%) had kyphosis and 1(0.9%) had lordotic body posture. The first follow-up checkup was performed 3 months later when we found a decrease in the number of children with a bad body posture. The second follow-up checkup was repeated 6 months later. Out of 18 children (16.4%) who had been registered at the beginning, 4 (3.6%) had scoliotic, 2 (1.8%) had kyphotic and 1 (0.9%) had lordotic posture 6 months later. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that regular performance of corrective exercises (strengthening weakened and stretching shortened muscles) for six months had a positive effect on certain spine deformities. Kyphosis correction was visible after only three months, scoliosis correction was visible after six months, while lordosis correction was not achieved by corrective exercises in the only registered case.
Intellectual disability in higher education: Self-perceived training needs of university teachers
Authors: Corbí Miguel , Tombolato Monica , Bueno-Sánchez Lidia , Hermans Katrien , Valenti Antonella , Garcés-Ferrer Jorge , Straniero Alessandra , Brojčin Branislav , Mesquita Cristina , Bonifácio Evangelina , Martini Berta , Rodríguez-Cano Sonia , Milants Michelle , Glumbić Nenad
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The inclusion of students with disabilities in higher education is a fundamental right recognised by the legal system since its recognition in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, the measures adopted by European countries to promote their incorporation are not always accompanied by parallel training actions that provide university professors with the necessary knowledge to incorporate people with intellectual disabilities into the classroom with the same guarantees and opportunities as people without intellectual disabilities. Objective. This paper aims to provide specific data on the self-perceived training needs of university teaching staff and thus lay the foundations for a specific training programme. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out by means of a survey designed to collect the teachers' perceptions of their own competences and the effectiveness of their knowledge, as well as the importance they attached to some aspects of intellectual disability. The survey was administered to teachers in Serbia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and Spain, with a total sample of 1009 teachers. Results. The results obtained showed that the perception of self-perceived competence in educational skills is dependent on three main factors: previous specific training, teaching experience with people with intellectual disabilities and own personal experiences. Conclusion. The present study demonstrated the concern and need of the teaching staff to obtain specific training on people with intellectual disabilities in higher education.
Common Law legal norm
Authors: Šite Damir
Published: May 2021

In this paper the author attempts to define the otherness of common law legal norm in relation to that of a civilian one, through the analysis of differences identified in their formation and language. The first part deals with similarities and discrepancies in the process of creating a legal norm within two major legal families, examining the operational particularities of the two fundamentally different norm-creators. In this respect, the paper presents essential dissimilarities between the activities of a parliament as a legislator, opposed to an Anglo-American court as a creator of a binding precedent. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the language of legal norm in two major European legal systems. The paper examines the language structure both in common law and civilian legal norms, as well as its limitations based on the particularities of forums in which they were created: the parliament and the court.
Criminal protection of endangered wild plant and animal species: Challenges of legal practice
Authors: Banić Milena
Published: May 2021

With a growing environmental degradation and the destruction of natural resources, it is increasingly recognized that criminal law protection is needed as the most repressive measure to protect the environment. This paper considers the criminal law protection of biodiversity in the Republic of Serbia, Republic of Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an emphasis on the protection of wild plant and animal species that are particularly vulnerable to overexploitation, including strictly protected and protected wild species and forest ecosystems. The analysis covers various criminal offenses against biodiversity in the context of protection of wild plant and animal species, and discusses the effects of the implementation of relevant regulations. Comparative statistics on criminal charges, as well as accusations and convictions for these crimes in the last decade, indicate a worryingly mild penal policy and a lack of capacity of professionals to act in environmental criminal proceedings. Although statistics indicate that there has been an increase in the reporting of environmental crimes, the number of reported cases remains at a worryingly low level. A large number of criminal charges are rejected, and when criminal proceedings are initiated and conducted, mild criminal penalties are imposed, most often suspended sentences or fines. All this indicates that increasing the knowledge and capacity of professionals is needed in order to improve efficiency of criminal protection against the environment and biodiversity in practice.
Judgments of the European court of human rights v. The Republic of Serbia on the application of genetic testing in paternity litigation
Authors: Jović-Prlainović Olga
Published: May 2021

The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is of great importance for the formulation of human rights standards as it applies the European Convention on Human Rights by interpreting the prescribed rights and freedoms taking into account social reality and legal regulation in Council of Europe member states. When joining this political organization the Republic of Serbia carried out the procedures of adjusting the legislation to the convention requirements, so that, in normative sense, Serbian family law systematically follows modern standards of human rights protection. The decisions of the Court in cases in which the issues of establishing paternity was applied by DNA analysis are conditioned by the circumstances of each individual case. In this paper reasearch is devoted to the two judgments of the European Court of Human Rights versus Republic of Serbia on determining the origin of the child from the father judgments that have a family law in the narrow sense in which Court took the position that domestic legislation did not take into account the relevant elements of the case, the possibility to establish a balance of relevant interests when determing the identity of the biological father regarding DNA analysis. By definition genetic testing implies the analysis of one genome and its products, its function or DNA or chromosomal analysis aimed at identifying or contradicting certain facts. This method involves comparing the DNA profile of a child with DNA profile of the potential father by comparing locus - specific gene location or DNA region on chromosome - which differ in their structure and length, so that non-blood person have different structure of the molecule in each analyzed locus, while biological relatives have the same structure. This means that their DNA profiles have visible traces of genetic heritage. Although every person has a vital interest in finding out information that complete his/her own knowledge of his/her background it is important to know that third party protection can prevent him/her from being forced into medical testing of any kind, including DNA analysis. Member States have different solutions to deal with in cases where a potential father refuses to undergo tests necessary to establish facts of a biological origin. In some jurisdictions non-compliance with medical testing is sanctioned by monetary or imprisonment penalty, while in others it is for the failure to act on a warrant the court activates the presumption of paternity. When paternity cannot be determined by DNA analysis, Member States must provide the determination of paternity by alternative means of evidence taking into account the existence of a fair balance between the right to know the origin and the right of potential father not to undergo this type of medical expertise.
Number Concepts and Special Needs Students: The Power of Ten-Frame Tiles
Authors: Losq Christine S.
Published: May 2021

Why 10-frame tiles offer an effective alternative to base-10 blocks for teaching place value. The authors further describe how teachers can use the 10-frame model to help children develop understanding of number and place value concepts and skill with computation.
Early Childhood Corner: Hidden Mathematics in the Preschool Classroom
Authors: McGee Mileen
Published: May 2021

With increased attention being focused on the youngest children in our schools, changes in mathematics instruction that have occurred over the past decade are most evident in early childhood education. This emphasis is especially true since the April 2000 release by NCTM of Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, in which mathematics for the prekindergarten child is included as part of the pre-K–2 grade band. By including three- and four-year-olds in its recommendations, NCTM recognizes and emphasizes the importance and value of mathematics instruction for young children. Subsequently, in drafting their own standards, many states are also recognizing the need for early childhood standards.
Math by the Month: Stupendous Structures
Authors: Marsh Julia , Loesing Jenine , Soucie Marilyn
Published: May 2021

The “Math by the Month” activities are designed to engage students to think like mathematicians. Students may work on the activities individually or in small groups, or they may be used with the whole class as problems of the week. No solutions are suggested so that students will look to themselves for mathematical justification, thereby developing the confidence to validate their work.
Investigations: Using Virtual Manipulatives to Investigate Patterns and Generate Rules in Algebra
Authors: Moyer-Packenham Patricia S.
Published: May 2021

This department features children's hands-on and minds-on explorations in mathematics and presents teachers with open-ended investigations to enhance mathematics instruction. These tasks invoke problem solving and reasoning, require communication skills, and connect various mathematical concepts and principles. The ideas presented here have been tested in classroom settings.
What makes it difficult to start an intimate relationship: A taxonomy of the reasons
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos
Published: May 2021

Within the context of an evolutionary theoretical framework, the current research attempted to study the reasons that cause difficulties in starting an intimate relationship in the Greek cultural context. In particular, using qualitative research methods (interviews and open-ended questionnaires), Study 1 (N = 205) identified 58 reasons that make it difficult for people to start an intimate relationship. Using an online sample of 1,095 Greek-speaking participants (N = 1,095), Study 2 classified these reasons in 12 factors. More than 80% of the participants indicated that they faced above moderate or severe difficulties in at least one factor, while about 40% faced difficulties in three or more factors. Significant gender and age effects were found across the different factors. Using second order principal components analysis, the 12 factors were classified in three broader domains of difficulties in starting a relationship.
Shame and self-esteem: A meta-analysis
Authors: Budiarto Yohanes , Helmi Avin Fadilla
Published: May 2021

Scholars agree that shame has many effects related to psychological functioning declines, and one among others is the fluctuation of self-esteem. However, the association between shame and self-esteem requires further studies. Heterogeneity studies due to different measurements, various sample characteristics, and potential missing research findings may result in uncertain conclusions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between shame and self-esteem by meta-analysis to come up with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias of the study. Eighteen studies from the initial 235 articles involving the term shame and self-esteem were studied using the random-effects model. A total of 578 samples were included in the study. The overall effect size estimate between shame and self-esteem (r = −.64) indicates that shame correlates negatively with self-esteem and is large effect size. The result showed that heterogeneity study was found (I² = 95.093%). The Meta-regression showed that age moderated the relationship between shame and self-esteem (p = .002), while clinical sample characteristics (p = .232) and study quality (p = .184) did not affect the overall effect size.
A pilot study of younger sibling adaptation: Contributions of individual variables, daily stress, interparental conflict and older sibling’s variables
Authors: Merino Laura , Martínez-Pampliega Ana , Herrero-Fernández David
Published: May 2021

Older siblings are powerful socialization agents, playing a significant role in the sociocognitive, social, and emotional development of their younger siblings. However, there are few clues about the variables that explain younger sibling’s adaptation. The objective of this pilot study was to identify the determinants of younger siblings' adaptation and to analyze the role played by personal, sibling, family and older siblings’ variables using 50 dyads of siblings aged between 7 and 18 years. The variables considered were the sibling relationships and the maladaptation of older siblings, and individual (sex, number of siblings, extroversion, and agreeableness) and contextual variables (interparental conflict, daily stress) were controlled. Hierarchical multiple regressions provided evidence in favor of the model that analyzed the younger siblings' maladaptation to school, showing positive associations both with the older siblings' level of school maladaptation and with sibling conflict. In addition, the study highlighted the relevance of the trait of agreeableness and of family stress in the adaptation of younger siblings.
CBM-I training and its effect on interpretations of intent, facial expressions, attention and aggressive behavior
Authors: AlMoghrabi Nouran , Franken Ingmar H. A. , Mayer Birgit , van der Schoot Menno , Huijding Jorg
Published: May 2021

There is abundant evidence suggesting that attention and interpretation biases are powerful precursors of aggression. However, little is known how these biases may interact with one another in the development and maintenance of aggression. Using cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I), the present study examined whether training more pro-social or hostile intent attributions would affect attention bias, interpretation bias of facial expressions, aggression and mood. University students (17–48 years) were assigned to either a positive training (n = 40), negative training (n = 40), or control training (n = 40). Results showed that the positive training successfully changed measures of intent attributions in a pro-social direction compared to the control training. The negative training changed measures of intent attributions in a hostile direction but not more so than the control training. We found no generalization of the training effects to relevant other outcomes. Possible explanations underlying these findings are discussed.
Karakalpak bazaars in the XIX – early XX centuries: the peculiarities of functioning and its role in people’s life
Authors: Akimniyazova Gul'naz Abdinaiimovna
Published: May 2021

The object of this research is the Karakalpak bazaar, which as any oriental bazaar, was the center of public life of the city and its vicinity. The entire economic, social and cultural life of the local population developed around the bazaar. It was a place of attraction for all trade deals, latest news, and everyday communication. The Karakalpak bazaar was located in the central part of the city, which played a major role for the establishment and development of the city throughout history. Most bazaars of the Karakalpaks of that time were located along the streets, resembling the poles stretching from one wall to another and with reed roofing or covered with cloth to protect from the heat and rain. The bazaar consisted of the rows of street-stands depending on what they were selling. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first within the Russian historiography to analyze history of the Karakalpak bazaars of the XIX – early XX centuries based on examination of archival sources and field materials acquired by the author. The city bazaars played an important role in domestic trade, in addition to selling goods, also included barter of agricultural commodities for industrial products. The bazaars of the period under revview were held twice a week, on specific days. Most profitable were considered Khodjeyli, Chimbay, Kungrad, and Turtkul bazaars, which served the population of the adjacent localities.
The evolution of surgical education
Authors: Târcoveanu Eugen , Moldovanu R.
Published: May 2021

Surgery is constantly evolving along the history. Surgery has seen an impressive evolution due to advances in anesthesia, basic research, means of exploration, immunology, genetics, pharmacology and especially in artificial intelligence. Surgery has evolved from open surgery to minimally invasive surgery, then to robotic surgery and in future to digital surgery. The five pillars of digital surgery are: (1) robotics, (2) advanced instrumentation, (3) enhanced visualization, (4) connectivity, and (5) data analytics and machine learning. Surgical education has evolved from Halsted's model (one see, one do, one teach) to special training programs such as the Rasmussen model in 3 stages: skill based behavior, ruled based behavior, knowledge based behavior. Digital technologies are changing surgical education. New terms appear such as: Massive open online courses, Flipped classrooms, Digital badges, Virtual anatomy, Medical holograms. Artificial intelligence can improve surgical education. It can bring transparency to the operating room and accelerate surgical education. Digital Mentoring provides the next generation of the digital platform with the transfer of surgical knowledge from an expert to a practitioner and allows surgeons to evolve to achieve the best results. In addition, all members of the operative team can benefit from training using augmented virtual reality. Establishing an infrastructure that allows the perfect integration of robotics, artificial intelligence, advanced instrumentation, advanced training methods, educational programs will allow the rapid development of innovation and surgical progress. In this way, digital surgery will provide globally advanced surgical care in continuous improvement. The classical methods still remain valid in the training of young surgeons. The most important aspect remains the training in the operating room. The new methods do not exclude the classic training that gave good results, but they complement and make general surgery more attractive for the new generation. In the desire to reform surgical education we have actually lost the purpose of training - the surgical patient, which is real, not virtual. The most important aspect that must be transmitted to young surgeons is the humanism of our profession, which for the time being cannot take the digital form.
A framework for the prediction of earthquake using federated learning
Authors: Tehseen Rabia , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Abid Adnan
Published: May 2021

Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon which may cause significant loss of life and infrastructure. Researchers have applied multiple artificial intelligence based techniques to predict earthquakes, but high accuracies could not be achieved due to the huge size of multidimensional data, communication delays, transmission latency, limited processing capacity and data privacy issues. Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) technique that provides an opportunity to collect and process data onsite without compromising on data privacy and preventing data transmission to the central server. The federated concept of obtaining a global data model by aggregation of local data models inherently ensures data security, data privacy, and data heterogeneity. In this article, a novel earthquake prediction framework using FL has been proposed. The proposed FL framework has given better performance over already developed ML based earthquake predicting models in terms of efficiency, reliability, and precision. We have analyzed three different local datasets to generate multiple ML based local data models. These local data models have been aggregated to generate global data model on the central FL server using FedQuake algorithm. Meta classifier has been trained at the FL server on global data model to generate more accurate earthquake predictions. We have tested the proposed framework by analyzing multidimensional seismic data within 100 km radial area from 34.708° N, 72.5478° E in Western Himalayas. The results of the proposed framework have been validated against instrumentally recorded regional seismic data of last thirty-five years, and 88.87% prediction accuracy has been recorded. These results obtained by the proposed framework can serve as a useful component in the development of earthquake early warning systems.
Imágenes desgarradas: el uso de scrapers en investigación social en Instagram sobre cáncer
Authors:   Universidad de Valladolid (España), Varela-Rodríguez Miguel , Vicente-Mariño Miguel ,   Universidad de Valladolid (España)
Published: May 2021

El uso de redes de contenido visual como Instagram está bien documentado en la comunicación en salud, especialmente el análisis de contenido para estudiar las imágenes. Sin embargo, esta metodología supone un reto ante las crecientes dificultades en el acceso y un marco legal y de actuación muy limitados. Basado en los postulados de la sociología visual, este artículo explora una metodología para obtener datos de Instagram mediante el uso de scrapers, revisando las necesidades técnicas y las implicaciones éticas en el uso de este tipo de herramientas. Se analiza la distribución de imágenes acompañadas por la etiqueta #SacaPecho, creada por la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer con ocasión del Día Internacional de la Lucha Contra el Cáncer (19 de octubre de 2020). El uso de scrapers permite obtener referencias de más de 7000 imágenes en poco tiempo. El trabajo permite entender las herramientas al alcance de la investigación social para acceder a datos relevantes en Instagram y propone un debate sobre las posibilidades éticas en este ámbito.
Medical Images Breast Cancer Segmentation Based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm: A Review
Authors: Hassan Noor Salah , Abdulazeez Adnan Mohsin , Zeebaree Diyar Qader , Hasan Dathar A.
Published: May 2021

Early diagnosis is considered important for medical images of breast cancer, the rate of recovery and safety of affected women can be improved. It is also assisting doctors in their daily work by creating algorithms and software to analyze the medical images that can identify early signs of breast cancer. This review presents a comparison has been done in term of accuracy among many techniques used for detecting breast cancer in medical images. Furthermore, this work describes the imaging process, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the used techniques for mammography and ultrasound medical images. K-means clustering algorithm has been                       specifically used to analyze the medical image along with other techniques. The results                        of the K-means clustering algorithm are discussed and evaluated to show the capacity of this technique in the diagnosis of breast cancer and its reliability to identify a malignant from a benign tumor.