bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quercetin 7‐O‐Glutamate Potentiates Staphylococcus aureus to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
Authors: Park Kwang‐Su , Choo Hyunah , Kim Mi Kyoung , Chong Youhoon
Published: August 2016

The quercetin conjugate Q‐7‐O‐Glu (5) showed inhibition of NorA efflux pump and thereby potentiation of antibacterial activity of various antibiotics against S. aureus. In particular, upon combination with 5, the fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) showed 4‐times enhanced antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
Prioritizing Sustainability Indicators: Using Materiality Analysis to Guide Sustainability Assessment and Strategy
Authors: Whitehead Jay
Published: August 2016

Despite the growing awareness of complexity in sustainable development, the practical implementation of sustainability assessment through the use of sustainability indicators requires prioritizing the myriad indicators available. This study identifies the highest priority sustainability indicators for the New Zealand wine industry using materiality analysis. Thirteen information sources representative of different stakeholder perspectives considered to drive the need for sustainability assessment are analysed to provide a measure of sustainability issue salience and risk. Based on a meta‐analysis of relevant information, it is found that environmental issues make up the highest priority issues, followed by social issues relating primarily to worker wellbeing. Significantly, economic and governance issues were not found to be high priorities. These findings are discussed in the context of the common bias in agricultural sustainability assessment towards environmental issues, and the broader business implications for sustainability assessment, strategy and policy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Remanufacturing for the Circular Economy: An Examination of Consumer Switching Behavior
Authors: Hazen Benjamin T. , Mollenkopf Diane A. , Wang Yacan
Published: August 2016

For the circular economy to be tenable, consumers need to not only return products after use, but also purchase products that are remanufactured. However, research finds that consumers have a poor opinion of remanufactured products and are typically not prepared to adopt them. Thus, development of the circular economy is dependent upon deeper understanding of consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. Research typically considers either micro‐level or macro‐level factors when assessing consumer perceptions of remanufactured products. The current research incorporates macro‐level factors of price, government incentives and environmental benefits with the moderating influence of micro‐level consumer attitudes to examine consumers’ intention to switch from purchasing new products to remanufactured products. The findings suggest that a consumer's attitude toward remanufactured products is an important moderating factor predicting consumer switching behavior to remanufactured products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Computerized tomography of the transverse pericardial sinus: Normal or pathologic?
Authors: Żurada Anna , Ustymowicz Andrzej , Loukas Marios , Michalak Maciej , Czyżewska Dorota , Gielecki Jerzy
Published: August 2016

The transverse pericardial sinus is a uniquely located structure subdivided into many parts. However, discrepancies still exist on the nomenclature and divisions. As noninvasive diagnostic technology such as CT and MR imaging improve, the transverse pericardial sinus and constituent recesses are visualized with more clarity, increasing the risk for misinterpretation. In this review, we will explore the anatomy of the transverse pericardial sinus and associated recesses with the goal of heightening awareness regarding the differential diagnosis between normal and pathological states as seen on CT. In addition, the inconsistencies of the right lateral superior aortic recess are also addressed. Last, we describe the clinical and surgical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus. Clin. Anat. 30:61–70, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auscultation of the heart
Authors: Voin Vlad , Oskouian Rod J. , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: August 2016

Proficiency in heart auscultation continues to be important even in an era of modern technology. However, many physicians and health care providers are uncomfortable and often inaccurate in their ability to identify normal and abnormal heart sounds. The following review was performed to provide a basis that health care providers can use to strengthen their understanding and improve their techniques when auscultating the human heart. Clin. Anat. 30:58–60, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AFAP1‐AS1 is upregulated and promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis
Authors: Luo Hong‐lei , Huang Ming‐de , Guo Jia‐ni , Fan Rui‐hua , Xia Xiao‐tian , He Jing‐dong , Chen Xiao‐fei
Published: August 2016

Recent findings indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were dysregulated in many kinds of tumors including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). LncRNA AFAP1‐AS1 was found to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, while its clinical value and potential function in ESCC are still unknown. Expression of AFAP1‐AS1 was measured in 65 ESCC tissues and corresponding noncancerous tissues by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, which revealed that AFAP1‐AS1 expression was markedly elevated in ESCC tissues and significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.004) and larger tumor size (P = 0.040). Moreover, by knocking down AFAP1‐AS1 expression in ESCC cells, the proliferation and colony‐forming ability were inhibited and cell apoptosis was induced. Our data indicated the first time that AFAP1‐AS1, a novel oncogene, was remarkably upregulated and played a critical role in the progression of ESCC.
Advanced Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Performances of Polydopamine‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Palladium Nanocomposites
Authors: Fu Li , Lai Guosong , Zhu Deming , Jia Baohua , Malherbe Francois , Yu Aimin
Published: August 2016

A polydopamine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PDA‐RGO)/Pd nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple wet chemical approach at room temperature. Graphene oxide (GO) was first modified with PDA by the self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) followed by the deposition of Pd nanoparticles. UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopies confirmed the reduction of GO to RGO during the self‐polymerization of DA. SEM images revealed that Pd nanoclusters were formed on both sides of the PDA‐RGO sheets. The as‐prepared PDA‐RGO/Pd nanocomposites exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the chemical degradation of methylene blue with a reaction rate constant of 0.6028 min−1, which was 2.5‐fold faster than that of the PDA/Pd catalyst without RGO. Moreover, the PDA‐RGO/Pd nanocomposite also showed an outstanding electrocatalytic activity towards the electro‐oxidation of paracetamol. The current response had a linear relationship to the concentration of paracetamol in the range of 0.28–100 μm with a low detection limit of 0.087 μm (S/N=3). In addition, the sensor also exhibited good selectivity for the detection of paracetamol.
Electrochemical Characterisation of Platinum Nanoparticles Prepared in a Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion in the Presence of Different Modifiers and Metal Precursors
Authors: Martínez‐Rodríguez Roberto A. , Vidal‐Iglesias Francisco J. , Solla‐ Gullón José , Cabrera Carlos R. , Feliu Juan M.
Published: August 2016

In this work, water‐in‐oil microemulsions are used in the presence of various modifiers and metal precursors to obtain preferentially oriented Pt nanoparticles. Preferentially oriented cubic nanoparticles, enriched in (100) sites, are prepared using specific concentrations of HCl, HBr, H2SO4 and H3PO4. By contrast, the use of citric and oxalic acids increases the amount of (111) sites, albeit not significantly. Nanoparticles are electrochemically characterised by hydrogen and Ge adsorption/desorption processes, as well as CO stripping. Finally, the electrocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles having the highest percentage of (100) sites is evaluated for ammonia oxidation, confirming the electrochemical characterisation results. The results obtained indicate that, 15 % HCl‐modified Pt nanoparticles synthesised using K2PtCl4 as metal precursor displayed the highest amount of (100) sites (46.7 %), and gave the highest peak current density for ammonia oxidation, around fivefold that of polyoriented Pt.
Populationsbilanzmodellierung mit einem Mehrphasen‐CFD‐Code und vergleichende Visualisierung
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark W. , Schäfer Jan , Hummel Mathias , Garth Christoph , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: August 2016

Durch die Implementierung verschiedener Populationsbilanzmodelle wird das Euler‐Euler Mehrphasenmodell multiphaseEulerFoam erweitert, um die Veränderung einer dispersen Phase bezogen auf die Partikelgröße zu erfassen. Die verwendeten Modelle werden untereinander sowie mit experimentellen Daten verglichen. Zur Visualisierung wird ein neuer Ansatz entwickelt, der es ermöglicht, neben der Blasengröße, die Blasenform basierend auf der Eötvös‐ und Reynolds‐Zahl sowie deren Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit (Position) und Anzahl akkurat darzustellen und der damit den Vergleich zwischen Simulation und Experiment vereinfacht.
Increased alpha‐amylase response to an acute psychosocial stress challenge in healthy adults with childhood adversity
Authors: Kuras Yuliya I. , McInnis Christine M. , Thoma Myriam V. , Chen Xuejie , Hanlin Luke , Gianferante Danielle , Rohleder Nicolas
Published: August 2016

Childhood adversity is highly prevalent and linked to lasting psychological and physiological consequences. A potential mechanism for negative health outcomes is altered stress reactivity. While previous research has addressed associations of childhood adversity with stress system reactivity, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stress reactivity is understudied. We therefore set out here to examining salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) reactivity in relation with childhood adversity. Forty‐one healthy adult subjects (n = 24 male; n = 17 female) aged 18–34 years underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Saliva for measurement of sAA was collected at three time points; before the TSST, immediately after, and 10 min post‐TSST. We found that those with childhood trauma had a higher overall sAA response to the TSST, as seen in a repeated measures ANOVA (CTQ by time interaction: F(1.8,71.5) = 6.46, p = .01) and an independent samples t‐test indicating higher sAA baseline to peak response (t = 3.22, p = .003). There was also a positive correlation between sAA reactivity and the CTQ subscales of childhood physical abuse (r = .46, p = .005) and emotional abuse (r = .37, p = .024). Healthy adults with low‐to‐moderate childhood adversity had a heightened sAA response immediately following the stressor. Higher SNS reactivity could be a link to negative health outcomes in adults with early adversity. Future research should address whether altered sAA reactivity is predictive of negative health outcomes in those with childhood adversity.
Life and death of Picea abies after bark‐beetle outbreak: ecological processes driving seedling recruitment
Authors: Macek Martin , Wild Jan , Kopecký Martin , Červenka Jaroslav , Svoboda Miroslav , Zenáhlíková Jitka , Brůna Josef , Mosandl Reinhard , Fischer Anton
Published: August 2016

The severity and spatial extent of bark‐beetle outbreaks substantially increased in recent decades worldwide. The ongoing controversy about natural forest recovery after these outbreaks highlights the need for individual‐based long‐term studies, which disentangle processes driving forest regeneration. However, such studies have been lacking. To fill this gap, we followed the fates of 2,552 individual seedlings for 12 years after a large‐scale bark‐beetle outbreak that caused complete canopy dieback in mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in southeast Germany. We explore the contribution of advance, disturbance‐related, and post‐disturbance regeneration to forest recovery. Most seedlings originated directly within the three‐year dieback of canopy trees induced by bark‐beetle outbreak. After complete canopy dieback, the establishment of new seedlings was minimal. Surprisingly, advance regeneration formed only a minor part of all regeneration. However, because it had the highest survival rate, its importance increased over time. The most important factor influencing the survival of seedlings after disturbance was their height. Survival was further modified by microsite: seedlings established on dead wood survived best, whereas almost all seedlings surrounded by graminoids died. For 5 cm tall seedlings, annual mortality ranged from 20 to 50% according to the rooting microsite. However, for seedlings taller than 50 cm, annual mortality was below 5% at all microsites. While microsite modified seedling mortality, it did not affect seedling height growth. A model of regeneration dynamics based on short‐term observations accurately predicts regeneration height growth, but substantially underestimates mortality rate, thus predicting more surviving seedlings than were observed. We found that P. abies forests were able to regenerate naturally even after severe bark‐beetle outbreaks owing to advance and particularly disturbance‐related regeneration. This, together with microsite‐specific mortality, yields structurally and spatially diverse forests. Our study thus highlights the so far unrecognized importance of disturbance‐related regeneration for stand recovery after bark‐beetle outbreaks.
Enantioselective Nitroso Aldol Intramolecular Transesterification Cyclization Domino Reaction for Highly Effective Construction of Chiral Spirooxindoles
Authors: Ji Shan‐Ping , Liu Lin‐Wei , Chen Feng , Ren Hong‐Xia , Yang Yu , Zhang Zheng‐Bing , Peng Lin , Wang Li‐Xin
Published: August 2016

A catalytic asymmetric nitroso aldol intramolecular transesterification cyclization domino reaction between a C3 alkyl ester substituted oxindole and nitrosobenzene for the construction of chiral spirooxindoles was achieved in the presence of a chiral bifunctional tertiary amine thiourea catalyst and water. Optically active spirooxindoles were obtained in moderate yields (up to 76 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee).
Compatibility between Lithium Bis(oxalate)borate‐Based Electrolytes and a LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4/C Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qiuping , Li Xiangfei , Tang Fengjuan , Zhao Dongni , Du Songli , Geng Shan , Tian Yuqin , Li Shiyou
Published: August 2016

The lithium transition‐metal phosphate LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 has two operating potentials, 3.5 V and 4.1 V, which is favorable for increasing the energy and power densities of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To study the compatibility between LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 and electrolytes, lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) is chosen as the lithium salt, based upon ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and dimethyl sulfite (DMS) as the supporting electrolyte solvents. The electrochemical performances of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)‐based and LiBOB‐based electrolytes are compared. The combination of LiBOB and DMS can facilitate the formation of an effective passivation film. In addition, LiBOB‐EC/DMS electrolyte exhibits better cycle and rate performance. The results suggest that LiBOB‐EC/DMS electrolyte has good compatibility with LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4, which makes it an attractive electrolyte for rechargeable LIBs based upon LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 cathodes.
Isolation and characterization of surface‐active fractions responsible for foam formation during anaerobic digestion of municipal wastes
Authors: Pognani Michele , Scaglia Barbara , D'imporzano Giuliana , Adani Fabrizio
Published: August 2016

A simple and rapid method to isolate surfactant‐like fractions responsible for foaming production during anaerobic digestion (AD) is proposed. Alkaline extraction of organic matter and subsequent fractionation of extracts into alkali‐soluble/acid‐insoluble (humic acid, HA) and alkali‐soluble/acid‐soluble fractions (fulvic acid, FA) were performed on samples directly taken from a full‐scale plant operating anaerobic digestion. Lab‐tests performed to measure foaming ability of the isolated organic fractions, allowed the separation of the fraction responsible for foam production, fulvic acid. Fraction isolation and subsequent chemical characterization revealed its specific chemical nature, i.e. high hydrophobicity, due to low carboxylic group content, and the presence of high N‐containing molecules. These characteristics agreed with those reported in the literature for molecules responsible for foam formation during anaerobic digestion, confirming the ability of this simple fractionation procedure to isolate the fraction responsible for foam formation.

Foam formation during anaerobic digestion (AD) represents a problem for AD plants, reducing process efficiency, and increasing operational costs.

The proposal of a simple and rapid procedure to isolate the fraction responsible for foam production is useful because it allows better characterizing this fraction from a chemical point of view. Knowledge of the chemical nature of the foaming agent is an important factor contributing towards developing successful antifoaming strategies. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 359–365, 2017
Seismic performance assessment of a hybrid coupled wall system with replaceable steel coupling beams versus traditional RC coupling beams
Authors: Ji Xiaodong , Liu Dan , Sun Ya , Molina Hutt Carlos
Published: August 2016

This study assesses the seismic performance of a hybrid coupled wall (HCW) system with replaceable steel coupling beams (RSCBs) at four intensities of ground motion shaking. The performance of the HCW system is benchmarked against the traditional reinforced concrete coupled wall (RCW). Nonlinear numerical models are developed in OpenSees for a representative wall elevation in a prototype 11‐story building designed per modern Chinese codes. Performance is assessed via nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results indicate that both systems can adequately meet code defined objectives in terms of global and component behavior. Behavior of the two systems is consistent under service level earthquakes, whereas under more extreme events, the HCW system illustrates enhanced performance over the RCW system resulting in peak interstory drifts up to 31% lower in the HCW than the RCW. Larger drifts in the RCW are because of reduced coupling action induced by stiffness degradation of RC coupling beams, whereas the stable hysteretic responses and overstrength of RSCBs benefit post‐yield behavior of the HCW. Under extreme events, the maximum beam rotations of the RSCBs are up to 42% smaller than those of the RC coupling beams. Moderate to severe damage is expected in the RC coupling beams, whereas the RSCBs sustain damage to the slab above the beam and possible web buckling of shear links. The assessment illustrates the benefits of the HCW with RSCBs over the RCW system, because of easy replacement of the shear links as opposed to costly and time‐consuming repairs of RC coupling beams. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food Addiction and Bulimia Nervosa: New Data Based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0
Authors: de Vries Sarah‐Kristin , Meule Adrian
Published: August 2016

Previous research on ‘food addiction’ as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) showed a large overlap between addiction‐like eating and bulimia nervosa. Most recently, a revised version of the YFAS has been developed according to the changes made in the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition. The current study examined prevalence and correlates of the YFAS2.0 in individuals with bulimia (n = 115) and controls (n = 341). Ninety‐six per cent of participants with bulimia and 14% of controls received a YFAS2.0 diagnosis. A higher number of YFAS2.0 symptoms was associated with lower interoceptive awareness, higher depressiveness, and higher impulsivity in both groups. However, a higher number of YFAS2.0 symptoms was associated with higher body mass and weight suppression in controls only and not in participants with bulimia. The current study is the first to show a large overlap between bulimia and ‘food addiction’ as measured with the YFAS2.0, replicating and extending findings from studies, which used the previous version of the YFAS. Compensatory weight control behaviours in individuals with bulimia likely alleviate the association between addiction‐like eating and higher body mass. Thus, the large overlap between bulimia and ‘food addiction’ should be taken into consideration when examining the role of addiction‐like eating in weight gain and obesity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Burning down the silos: integrating new perspectives from the social sciences into human behavior in fire research
Authors: Kuligowski Erica
Published: August 2016

The traditional social science disciplines can provide many benefits to the field of human behavior in fire (HBiF). First, the social sciences delve further into insights only marginally examined by HBiF researchers, in turn, expanding the depth of HBiF research. In this paper, I present examples of studies from the fields of social psychology and sociology that would expand HBiF research into non‐engineering or ‘unobservable’ aspects of behavior during a fire event. Second, the social sciences can provide insight into new areas of research; in turn, expanding the scope of HBiF research. In this section, I introduce pre and post‐fire studies and explore potential research questions that fall outside of the response period of a fire, the phase upon which, most focus is currently placed. Third, the social sciences elucidate the value of research methods available to study human behavior. Qualitative research methods are specifically highlighted. These three benefits will allow HBiF researchers to collect a wider range of data, further develop and expand current behavioral knowledge, and increase the impact of this research for both social and engineering applications. Finally, I end with a discussion on possible ways to better integrate the social sciences within human behavior in fire. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
High School Physical Education Requirements and Youth Body Weight: New Evidence from the YRBS
Authors: Sabia Joseph J. , Nguyen Thanh Tam , Rosenberg Oren
Published: August 2016

Previous research has found that high school physical education (PE) requirements are largely ineffective at reducing youth body weight. However, these studies were forced to rely on cross‐state variation in PE requirements to identify their impacts, raising concerns that estimated policy effects may be confounded by state‐level unobservables. Using data from the State and National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and exploiting recent changes in state high school PE laws, we re‐examine the effect of PE requirements on body weight. Our estimates show that a one‐semester increase in PE requirements is associated with a 10 to 13% increase in minutes per week spent physically active in PE classes, but with no change in net vigorous exercise and little change in youth body weight. We conclude that substitution of in‐school for outside‐of‐school physical activity and small resultant net energy expenditures can explain the absence of body weight effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HER2 loss in HER2‐positive gastric or gastroesophageal cancer after trastuzumab therapy: Implication for further clinical research
Authors: Pietrantonio F. , Caporale M. , Morano F. , Scartozzi M. , Gloghini A. , De Vita F. , Giommoni E. , Fornaro L. , Aprile G. , Melisi D. , Berenato R. , Mennitto A. , Volpi C. C. , Laterza M. M. , Pusceddu V. , Antonuzzo L. , Vasile E. , Ongaro E. , Simionato F. , de Braud F. , Torri V. , Di Bartolomeo M.
Published: August 2016

Mechanisms of acquired resistance to trastuzumab‐based treatment in gastric cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed 22 pairs of tumor samples taken at baseline and post‐progression in patients receiving chemotherapy and trastuzumab for advanced HER2‐positive [immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+ or 2+ with in‐situ hybridization (ISH) amplification] gastric or gastroesophageal cancers. Strict clinical criteria for defining acquired trastuzumab resistance were adopted. Loss of HER2 positivity and loss of HER2 over‐expression were defined as post‐trastuzumab IHC score <3+ and absence of ISH amplification, and IHC “downscoring” from 2+/3+ to 0/1+, respectively. HER2 IHC was always performed, while ISH was missing in 3 post‐progression samples. Patients with initial HER2 IHC score 3+ and 2+ were 14 (64%) and 8 (36%), respectively. Loss of HER2 positivity and HER2 over‐expression was observed in 32 and 32% samples, respectively. The chance of HER2 loss was not associated with any of the baseline clinicopathological variables. The only exception was in patients with initial IHC score 2+ versus 3+, for both endpoints of HER2 positivity (80 vs. 14%; p = 0.008) and HER2 over‐expression (63 vs. 14%; p = 0.025). As already shown in breast cancer, loss of HER2 may be observed also in gastric cancers patients treated with trastuzumab‐based chemotherapy in the clinical practice. This phenomenon may be one of the biological reasons explaining the failure of anti‐HER2 second‐line strategies in initially HER2‐positive disease.
Adherence to diet, physical activity and body weight recommendations and breast cancer incidence in the Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Nomura Sarah J. O. , Dash Chiranjeev , Rosenberg Lynn , Yu Jeffrey , Palmer Julie R. , Adams‐Campbell Lucile L.
Published: August 2016

Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations has been associated with lower incidence of breast cancer in previous studies, but evidence in African American women is limited. This project evaluated the association between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and breast cancer incidence among African American women. The Black Women's Health Study (analytic cohort = 49,103) is an ongoing prospective cohort study of African American women, ages 21–69 years at baseline (1995). Adherence scores for seven WCRF/AICR recommendations (adherent = 1, partial adherence = 0.5, non‐adherence = 0) were calculated using questionnaire data and summed for overall (maximum = 7) and diet only (maximum = 5) scores. Associations between baseline and time‐varying adherence scores and breast cancer incidence (N = 1,827 incident cases through 2011) were evaluated using proportional hazards regression. In this cohort, 8.5% adhered >4 recommendations. Adherence at baseline was not associated with breast cancer incidence. Higher overall time‐varying adherence (per 0.5 point increase) was associated with lower breast cancer incidence (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.96). Adherence to physical activity, sugar beverage and red and processed meat recommendations were also associated with reduced risk. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was low and may be associated with lower breast cancer incidence in African American women.
Using Harry Potter to Bridge Higher Dimensionality in Mathematics and High‐Interest Literature
Authors: Boerman‐Cornell William , Klanderman David , Schut Alexa
Published: August 2016

The Harry Potter series is a favorite for out‐of‐school reading and has been used in school, largely as an object of study in language arts. Using a content analysis to highlight the ways in which J.K. Rowling's work could be used to teach higher dimensionality in math, the authors argues that the content is sufficient in such books to engage the interest of students who may be negatively predisposed toward mathematics but are very enthusiastic about Harry Potter books, and vice versa. The article illustrates and explains three‐dimensional objects in two‐dimensional space, pocket dimensions, three‐dimensional movement through two‐dimensional space, and higher dimensional movement through examples and descriptions from scenes in the Harry Potter series and suggests ways in which similar analyses could be performed on other high‐interest texts, helping students forge new insights about mathematics literacy.
Collection of hematopoietic CD34 stem cells in rhesus macaques using Spectra Optia
Authors: Haynes Lynn D. , Coonen Jennifer , Post Jennifer , Brunner Kevin , Bloom Debra , Hematti Peiman , Kaufman Dixon B.
Published: August 2016

Background

Nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus macaques, are ideal preclinical large animal models to investigate organ tolerance induction protocols using donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to induce chimerism. Their relatively small size poses some challenges for the safe and effective collection of peripheral blood HSCs through apheresis procedures. We describe our experiences using the Spectra Optia apheresis unit to successfully obtain HSCs from mobilized peripheral blood of rhesus macaques.

Method

Mobilization of peripheral blood HSCs was induced using granulocyte stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and Mozobil. The Spectra Optia unit was used in 18 apheresis procedures in 13 animals (4.9–10 kg). Animal health was carefully monitored during and after the procedure. Changes in peripheral blood cells before, during and after procedure were determined by complete blood count and flow cytometry.

Results

The automatic settings of the Spectra Optia unit were applied successfully to the procedures on the rhesus macaque. All animals tolerated the procedure well with no mortality. Mobilization of HSCs were most consistently achieved using 50 μg/kg of G‐CSF for 5 days and a single dose of Mozobil on the 5th day, followed by collection of cells 3 h after Mozobil injection. The final apheresis product contained an average of 23 billion total nucleated cells with 47% granulocytes, 3,871 million total CD3 cells and 77 million CD34 cells which resulted in an average of 10 million CD34+ cells/kg of donor weight.

Conclusion

Apheresis of peripheral blood mobilized HSCs in rhesus macaques using Spectra Optia is a safe and effective procedure.
Risk Differences Between Prediabetes And Diabetes According To Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Crispo A. , Augustin L.S.A. , Grimaldi M. , Nocerino F. , Giudice A. , Cavalcanti E. , Di Bonito M. , Botti G. , De Laurentiis M. , Rinaldo M. , Esposito E. , Riccardi G. , Amore A. , Libra M. , Ciliberto G. , Jenkins D.J.A. , Montella M.
Published: August 2016

Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in breast carcinogenesis and prediabetes and diabetes have been associated with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. However, whether BC molecular subtypes may modify these associations is less clear. We therefore investigated these associations in all cases and by BC molecular subtypes among women living in Southern Italy. Cases were 557 patients with non‐metastatic incident BC and controls were 592 outpatients enrolled during the same period as cases and in the same hospital for skin‐related non‐malignant conditions. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were built to assess the risks of developing BC in the presence of prediabetes or diabetes. The analyses were repeated by strata of BC molecular subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, and Triple Negative (TN). Prediabetes and diabetes were significantly associated with higher BC incidence after controlling for known risk factors (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.32–2.87 and OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.38–4.37, respectively). Similar results were seen in Luminal A and B while in the TN subtype only prediabetes was associated with BC (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.11–5.32). Among HER2+ patients, only diabetes was significantly associated with BC risk (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.24–7.47). Furthermore, when postmenopausal HER2+ was split into hormone receptor positive versus negative, the association with diabetes remained significant only in the former (OR = 5.13, 95% CI 1.53–17.22). These results suggest that prediabetes and diabetes are strongly associated with BC incidence and that these metabolic conditions may be more relevant in the presence of breast cancer molecular subtypes with positive hormone receptors. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1144–1150, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pelvic function in anuran jumping: Interspecific differences in the kinematics and motor control of the iliosacral articulation during take‐off and landing
Authors: Reilly Steve M. , Montuelle Stephane J. , Schmidt Andre , Krause Cornelia , Naylor Emily , Jorgensen Michael E. , Essner Richard L.
Published: August 2016

Although the anuran pelvis is thought to be adapted for jumping, the function of the iliosacral joint has seen little direct study. Previous work has contrasted the basal“lateral‐bender”pelvis from the“rod‐like”pelvis of crown taxa hypothesized to function as a sagittal hinge to align the trunk with take‐off forces. We compared iliosacral movements and pelvic motor patterns during jumping in the two pelvic types. Pelvic muscle activity patterns, iliosacral anteroposterior (AP) movements and sagittal bending of the pelvis during the take‐off and landing phases were quantified in lateral bender taxaAscaphus(Leiopelmatidae) andRhinella(Bufonidae) and the rod‐likeLithobates(Ranidae). All three species exhibit sagittal extension during take‐off, therefore, both pelvic types employ a sagittal hinge. However, trunk elevation occurs significantly earlier in the anuran rod‐like pelvis. Motor patterns confirm that thepiriformismuscles depress the urostyle while thelongissimus dorsimuscles elevate the trunk during take‐off. However, thecoccygeoiliacusmuscles also produce anterior translation of the sacrum on the ilia. A new model illustrates how AP translation facilitates trunk extension in the lateral‐bender anurans that have long been thought to have limited sagittal bending. During landing, AP translation patterns are similar because impact forces slide the sacrum from its posterior to anterior limits. Sagittal flexion during landing differs among the three taxa depending on the way the species land. AP translation during landing may dampen impact forces especially inRhinellain which pelvic function is tuned to forelimb‐landing dynamics. The flexibility of the lateral‐bender pelvis to function in sagittal bending and AP translation helps to explain the retention of this basal configuration in many anurans. The novel function of the rod‐like pelvis may be to increase the rate of trunk elevation relative to faster rates of energy release from the hindlimbs enabling them to jump farther. J. Morphol. 277:1539–1558, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification and characterization of extracellular laccase produced byCeriporiopsis subvermisporaand decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes
Authors: Chmelová Daniela , Ondrejovič Miroslav
Published: August 2016

Laccases of white‐rot fungi provide a promising future as a tool to be used in the field of biodegradation of synthetic dyes with different chemical structures. The aim of this study was production, characterization, and application of laccases from the white‐rot fungusCeriporiopsis subvermisporaATCC 90467 for decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes that could remain persistent in wastewater. Laccase was purified from aC. subvermisporaculture by a four‐step method resulting high specific activity of 2,571 U g−1, 88‐fold higher than crude laccase. Purified laccase (molecular weight 45 kDa) had the optimum activity at pH 2.0 and the optimum temperature 50 °C using ABTS as chromogenic substrate. Laccases efficiently decolorized triphenylmethane dyes such as Malachite Green (87.8%), Bromocresol Purple (71.6%), and Methyl Violet (68.1%) without redox mediator. However, decolorization percentage of hardly degradable triphenylmethane dyes such as Phenol Red, Bromophenol Blue, and Brilliant Blue R‐250 was increased the presence of some low‐molecular weight compounds (natural or synthetic redox mediators). Purified laccases were resistant to Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Sn2+(10 mmol L−1). These findings suggest that laccases fromC. subvermisporaare able to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes without the negative influence of metal ions that can be found in wastewater.
Existential Anxiety Among Adolescents Exposed to Disaster: Linkages Among Level of Exposure, PTSD, and Depression Symptoms*
Authors: Weems Carl F. , Russell Justin D. , Neill Erin L. , Berman Steven L. , Scott Brandon G.
Published: August 2016

Exposure to natural disasters can be highly traumatic and have a detrimental effect on youth mental health by threatening the satisfaction of basic human needs and goals. Recent research in adults suggests that exposure to disasters may exacerbate existential anxiety about the meaning of life. The current study expands this investigation to adolescents, who may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of disaster. Data came from 325 adolescents (mean age = 15.05 years, SD = 1.05) residing in the Greater New Orleans area who were exposed to Hurricanes Katrina and/or Gustav. Existential anxiety concerns were highly prevalent in the sample and were associated with elevated levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (R2 = .09) and depression symptoms (R2 = .13). Consistent with theoretical predictions, disaster exposure levels moderated the association between facets of existential anxiety and mental health symptoms. Findings highlight the salience of existential concerns in disaster exposed youth, and provide evidence that exposure to traumatic stress may strengthen their association with mental health problems.
Antiangiogenic antibody improves melanoma detection by fluorescently labeled therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Prince Andrew , Patel Neel , Moore Lindsay S. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Hughley Brian B. , Warram Jason M.
Published: August 2016

Objective

Evaluate if vascular normalization with an antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody improves detection of melanoma using fluorescently labeled antibody‐based imaging.

Study Design

Preclinical.

Methods

Panitumumab and control IgG were covalently linked to a near‐infrared fluorescent probe (IRDye800CW). Immunodeficient mice with ear xenografts of melanoma cell lines (A375 and SKMEL5) were systemically injected (200 μg, tail vein) with either IgG‐IRDye800CW, panitumumab‐IRDye800CW, or a combination (bevacizumab [5mg/kg], administered 72 hours prepanitumumab‐IRDye800CW) (n = 5). Primary tumors were imaged with open‐field (LUNA, Novadaq, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and closed‐field (Pearl, LI‐COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NB) imaging devices. Postresection, the concentration of labeled antibody within the tumor (μg/g) was calculated using normalized standards.

Results

The mean fluorescence within the melanoma tumors was greater for the combination group compared to panitumumab alone for both cell lines (P < 0.001). The tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR) for the A375 tumors was greater for the combination (3.4–7.1) compared to the panitumumab alone (3.2–5.0) (P = 0.04). The TBR for SKMEL5 tumors was greater for the combination (2.4–6.0) compared to the panitumumab alone (2.2–3.9) (P = 0.02). Within A375 tumors, the concentration was lower for panitumumab (0.51 μg/g) compared to combination group (0.68 μg/g) (P = 0.036). Within SKMEL5 tumors, the concentration was lower for panitumumab (0.0.17 μg/g) compared to combination group (0.35 μg/g) (P = 0.048). Residual tumor (1.0–0.2 mg) could be differentiated from background in both panitumumab and combination groups. For both cell lines, panitumumab and combination groups had greater mean fluorescence of the tumor compared to control IgG.

Conclusion

The addition of antiangiogenic therapy improves uptake of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies within melanoma tumors. Clinical translation could improve detection of melanoma intraoperatively, reducing positive margins and sparing normal tissue.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:E387–E395, 2016
Frequency and specific characteristics of the incomplete partition type III anomaly in children
Authors: Kanno Ayako , Mutai Hideki , Namba Kazunori , Morita Noriko , Nakano Atsuko , Ogahara Noboru , Sugiuchi Tomoko , Ogawa Kaoru , Matsunaga Tatsuo
Published: August 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the frequency of the incomplete partition type III anomaly and the genetic and clinical features associated with POU3F4 mutations in children with hearing loss.

Study Design

Retrospective case series from 2000 to 2014 at the National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center and collaborating hospitals.

Methods

A total of 1,004 patients (from 938 families) who had hearing loss by 10 years of age and had undergone computed tomography scanning of their temporal bones were enrolled in this genetic, clinical, and radiological study.

Results

The incomplete partition type III anomaly was identified in six patients (0.6%), each of whom had an enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct at the end close to the vestibule. The six patients also had POU3F4 variants, and a genetic analysis revealed frameshift deletions in three patients, a missense variant in two patients of the same family, and a large deletion in one patient. Three of the six patients with POU3F4 variants were sporadic cases, and in one patient the genetic mutation occurred de novo.

Conclusions

It was indicated that POU3F4 mutations can be predicted by incomplete partition type III anomaly by radiological examination of the inner ear. All six of the patients showed mixed hearing loss, but none showed fluctuations in hearing, which may be related to the lack of vestibular aqueduct enlargement at the operculum.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 127:1663–1669, 2017
Predicting revision sinus surgery in allergic fungal and eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Younis Ramzi T. , Ahmed Jamal
Published: August 2016

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis consists of several disease processes. Eosinophilic mucin is found in the subtypes of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis (EMCRS). These entities frequently require surgical intervention and have high recurrence rates.

Objective

We aimed to determine factors in patients with AFS and EMCRS that may be associated with a higher rate of revision surgeries. Our hypothesis is that patients who have polyps, high Lund‐Mackay score (LMS), and fungus may have higher revision rates.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 117 patients identified over a 5‐year period (2005–2009) with the diagnosis of AFS or EMCRS. Contingency tables were created to obtain the odds ratios estimates, and 95% confidence intervals were used to access the association between the outcome (having revision surgery or not) and other clinical binary predictors.

Results

Twenty‐six of 117 (22%) of the study patients underwent revision surgery. Within the 2‐year follow‐up period, an additional five of 26 (19%) required another revision surgery. Average LMS was slightly higher in those who underwent revision surgery (16 vs. 13) on a scale of 0 to 24, with an overall mean score of 18 and standard deviation of 6.82 for the whole sample (117). Other factors evaluated were the presence of fungus, polyps, eosinophilic mucin, and the eosinophilic count and medical therapy received.

Conclusion

The presence of eosinophilic mucin was significantly associated a higher rate of revision surgery.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:59–63, 2017
Secreted P‐glycoprotein is a noninvasive biomarker of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Nocera Angela L. , Meurer Ana T. , Miyake Marcel M. , Sadow Peter M. , Han Xue , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: August 2016

Objective

The discovery of noninvasive biomarkers of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is critical to enable our ability to provide prognostic information and targeted medical therapy. Epithelial P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is overexpressed in CRS and exists in an extracellular, secreted form. The objective of this study was to determine whether secreted P‐gp concentrations are elevated in CRS and can be used to predict disease severity.

Methods

Institutional review board‐approved study examining mucus concentrations of P‐gp in 36 patients (10 control, 16 CRS without nasal polyps [CRSsNP], and 10 CRS with nasal polyps [CRSwNP]). P‐gp concentrations were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to total protein (TP). Clinical indices of disease severity, including the Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22) and Lund‐Mackay score, were collected for all patients.

Results

Secreted P‐gp concentration was significantly higher in CRS versus control patients (mean ± standard deviation; 247.8 ± 224.8 vs. 102.4 ± 81.7 pcg P‐gp/μg TP, P = 0.022). A threshold value of 250 pcg/μg TP was used to differentiate low versus high secretors. High P‐gp secretors with CRS (sNP and wNP, n = 9) demonstrated significantly higher SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Mackay scores (57.1 ± 7.9 and 13.9 ± 7.3) versus low secretors (38.3 ± 23.9 and 6.8 ± 7.3; P = 0.030 and P = 0.013, respectively) and had a significantly higher proportion of CRSwNP (66.7%) versus the low secretors (23.5%, n = 17, P = 0.046).

Conclusion

P‐gp secretion levels are significantly elevated in patients with CRS. High P‐gp secretion is associated with a higher incidence of CRSwNP and confers worse subjective and objective measures of disease severity. The presence of elevated P‐gp secretion may therefore represent a novel noninvasive biomarker of CRS and could be used to predict patients who may benefit from P‐gp inhibitory therapeutic strategies.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 127:E1–E4, 2017
Development of Molecular Anisotropy in Centrifugally Spun Fibers as Compared to Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Mohan Saeed D. , Mitchell Geoffrey R. , Davis Fred J.
Published: August 2016

The molecular anisotropy that is developed in microscale, centrifugally spun atactic‐polystyrene fibers prepared from the solution state is examined. Small angle neutron scattering is utilised to examine the molecular orientation of the polymer chain conformation in centrifugally spun fiber samples and comparisons are made to anisotropy developed in electrospun fiber samples. The average values of molecular anisotropy developed in the centrifugally spun fibers measured a ratio of the radius of gyration parallel to‐/perpendicular to‐ the fiber axis as 1.02, lower than the average of 1.05 observed for the electrospinning process. The highest level of anisotropy observed for the centrifugally spun fiber samples is ≈1.04, compared with a value of 1.063 for electrospinning. A model of chain anisotropy development in the centrifugal spinning process relating to the tangential speed and solvent evaporation is described.

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