bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUTORIŲ ADRESAI / ADDRESSES OF THE AUTHORS / ANSCHRIFTEN DER VERFASSER
Authors: Lituana Archeologia
Published: January 2019

Jurga BagdzevičienėLDM Prano Gudyno restauravimo centrasRūdininkų g. 8LT-01135 Vilniusjbagdzeviciene@gmail.comDaumantas KiulkysVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusif@if.vu.ltAleksiejus LuchtanasVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusaleksas.luchtanas@gmail.comAlbinas KuncevičiusVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusa.kuncevicius@gmail.comVladimir KulakovInstitut archeologiiRossijskoj ANUl. Dm. Uljanova 19117036 Moskvadrkulakov@mail.ruRimvydas LaužikasVilniaus universitetasBibliotekininkystės ir informacijos institutasSaulėtekio al. 9LT-01513 Vilniusrimvydas.lauzikas@kf.vu.ltAlgimantas MerkevičiusVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusalgimantas.merkevicius@if.vu.ltMykolas MichelbertasVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusmykolas.michelbertas@if.vu.ltLijana RemeikaitėVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniuslijana.remeikaite@gmail.comDaina StankevičiūtėVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusdaina.stankeviciute@vda.ltRamūnas ŠmigelskasVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusif@if.vu.ltVioleta VasiliauskienėVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusvioleta.vasiliauskiene@if.vu.ltGintautas VėliusVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusarchvelius@gmail.comDonatas ŽukauskasVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusif@if.vu.lt
Koridoriniai kapai Mysinge’s vietovėje
Authors: Papmehl-Dufay Ludvig
Published: January 2019

During the latest part of the early Neolithic period around 3500–3300 BC, megalithic tombs in the form of dolmens and passage graves are built in many different parts of Scandinavia. In Denmark thousands of dolmens and hundreds of passage graves are known, and in northern Germany huge number of tombs are documented as well (Midgley, 1992:418ff). On a Swedish level, dense concentrations of tombs are found along the coasts in Scania and western Sweden, as well as in the area Falbygden in central Västergötland (Srömberg, 1971; Persson & Sjögren, 2001; Sjögren, 2004) (see Fig. 1). Outside these core areas, dolmens and passage graves occur sporadically (e.g. Janzon, 2009; Wallin, 2010) and in large parts of the distribution area of the TRB culture, megalithic tombs have not been built. On the island of Öland, one dolmen and three passage graves are located in the parish of Resmo (Arne, 1909; Papmehl-Dufay, 2006; see below). Only one of these has been excavated, namely the southernmost passage grave at Mysinge, which is the focus of the present paper. [...]
Baltai
Authors: Radiņš Arnis
Published: January 2019

The issue of the Balts in the most ancient written sources is not so simple. Scientists who undertake to research this topic can confirm that. There are various reasons for that, namely, the borders of the writing population reached the Balts comparatively late and the first information about them is rather inaccurate. The ancient and medieval authors can be often characterized by mechanical transfer of already known names to other nations, thereby including the new phenomena in the existing traditional map of the world. Similarly, there are certain interpretation problems present in the process of relating the written sources, archaeological culture, ethnic and language background. [...]
Erdvės užkariavimas: 3D technologijos taikymo galimybės ir problemos Lietuvos archeologijoje
Authors: Kuncevičius Albinas , Laužikas Rimvydas , Šmigelskas Ramūnas , Augustinavičius Renaldas
Published: January 2019

Tikslus vizualus trimačio pasaulio fiksavimas mokslo tyrimams visuomet buvo iššūkis. Plėtojantis skaitmeninėms ir lazerinėms technologijoms, atsirado naujų trimačių tikrovės modelių kūrimo priemonių. Šio straipsnio objektas yra trimatės technologijos (3D) taikymas Lietuvos archeologijoje. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti trimatės technologijos sampratą, taikomąsias galimybes bei problemas informacijos gyvavimo ciklo požiūriu ir pateikti praktinį šios technologijos taikymo pavyzdį Lietuvoje, moksliniame projekte „Lietuvos valstybės ištakos Dubingių mikroregiono tyrimų duomenimis“. Taikomojoje straipsnio dalyje pristatomas 3D nuskaitymo taikymas Jutonių (Dubingių) pilkapyje (Švenčionių r. sav.) 2011 metais....SPACE CONQUEST: POTENTIALITY AND PROBLEMS OF THE 3D TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN ARCHAEOLOGY OF LITHUANIAAlbinas Kuncevičius, Rimvydas Laužikas, Ramūnas Šmigelskas, Renaldas AugustinavičiusSummaryIt has always been a challenge to “lock” the three-dimensional world view in scientific research. The development of the digital and laser technologies allowed establishing new modes of reality restoration. The object of this article is the application of the three-dimensional technologies (3D) in the archaeology of Lithuania. The aim of the article is to develop the concept of the three-dimensional technology and to introduce the practical model of its application in Lithuanian scientific project under the title The origins of Lithuanian state based on the research data in Dubingiai micro-region. In the practical part of the article the 3D scanning applied in Jutoniai (Dubingiai) barrow in 2011 will be presented....
Железное кнутовище из могильника Kleine Kaup и роль статусных бичей в восточноевропейских древностях X–XI вв.
Authors: Кулаков Владимир
Published: January 2019

Грунтовой могильник Kleine Kaup, открытый в 1865 г. в 3 км к югу от совр. Зеленоградска (Зеленоградский район, Калининградская обл.), уникален для прусской археологии не только чертами обрядности (Кулаков, 2011, с. 87–89), зафиксированными во вскрытых на памятнике погребениях, но и целым рядом находок. Среди них – редчайшая для юго-восточной Балтии находка железного кнутовища, сделанная в полевом сезоне 2011 г....KLEINE KAUP KAPINYNO GELEŽINIS BOTKOTIS IR BOTAGŲ VAIDMUO X–XI AMŽIAUS RYTŲ EUROPOS SENIENOSEVladimir KulakovSantrauka2011 m. plokštiniame kapinyne Kleine Kaup (Zelenogradsko r., Kaliningrado sr.) aptiktas unikalus radinys. Kapo K36 viršutinėje dalyje tarp daugybės daiktų rastas geležinis botkotis su kabučiais (Kirpičnikovo I tipo ,,vytinė“). Naudojantis priimtu šio tipo botkočių datavimu ir Kirpičnikovo I ir 1 tipo pentinais, aptiktais kape K36, kompleksas datuojamas laikotarpiu, ne vėlesniu kaip XI a. pradžia.Kirpičnikovo I tipo botkočių daugiausiai rasta Rytų Europoje. Svarbu tai, kad šie daiktai aptikti didžiųjų vikingų epochos prekybos kelių pradžioje – Volgos aukštupyje (Volgos kelias) ir Dniepro aukštupyje (kelias ,,iš variagų į graikus ir atgal...“). Pietų Lietuvos teritorijoje taip pat aptikta keletas Kirpičnikovo I tipo botkočių. Jie datuojami X–XI a. pirmąja puse.Kirpičnikovo I tipo botkočius galima laikyti kulto ir socialinio vaidmens daiktais. Iš ankstyvesnių ,,barškalų“ geležiniuose botkočiuose liko barškantys ir dvigubos S raidės pakabučiai. Kirpičnikovo I tipo botkočių radaviečių paplitimą Rytų Europoje ir Baltijos kraštuose prekybos kelių pradžioje galima paaiškinti šių regionų artumu Pietų Skandinavijai, kur buvo paplitę geležinių botkočių su barškančiais pakabučiais prototipai. Kaip šamanų kulto atributai šie prototipai atsirado Rytų Europos šiaurės vakaruose, kur buvo paplitę finougrų šamanų kultai ir tradiciški skandinaviški tikėjimai. Iš šio arealo kartu su skandinavų pirkliais ir kariais šiaurinių kultų atributai pateko į kitus Baltijos kraštus ir Rytų Europą. Jų radiniai rodo aktyvų šiauriečių vaidmenį formuojant Rytų Europos tranzitinius prekybos kelius, tapusius svarbiu veiksniu kuriantis Rusios ir Lietuvos daugianacionalinėms valstybėms.
Viduramžių miestų ir pilių tyrinėtojas
Authors: Michelbertas Mykolas
Published: January 2019

Mūsų jubiliataiAndriui Caunei – 75Andrim Caunem – 75
AUTORIŲ ADRESAI / ADDRESSES OF THE AUTHORS / ANSCHRIFTEN DER VERFASSER
Authors: Lituana Archeologia
Published: January 2019

Rasa Banytė-RowellLietuvos istorijos institutasKražių g. 5LT-01108 Vilniusstankaitban@yahoo.co.ukJānis CiglisNational History Museum of LatviaArchaeology DepartmentPils laukums 3Rīga, LV-1050janis.ciglis@history-museum.lvVladimir KulakovInstitut archeologiiRossijskoj ANul. Dm. Uljanova 19117036 Moskvadrkulakov@mail.ruMagdalena MączyńskaInstytut ArcheologiiUniversytetu ŁódzkiegoUl. Uniwersytecka 390–137 Łódżmagdalena.babidol@gmail.comAlgimantas MerkevičiusVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusalgimantas.merkevicius@if.vu.ltAndrzej MichałowskiInstytut Prahistorii UAMul. Św. Marcin 78PL 61-809 Poznańandrzej.michalowski@amu.edu.plAndra StrimaitienėLietuvos istorijos institutasKražių g. 5LT-01108 Vilniusandrasimnas@gmail.comPawel Szymański,Ana Juga-SzymańskaInstytut Archeologii UWUl. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/2800-927 Warszawaonajuga@hotmail.comValdemaras ŠimėnasVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusvaldemaras.simenas@gmail.comMilena TeskaInstytut Prahistorii UAMul. Św. Marcin 78PL 61-809 Poznańm.teska@amu.edu.pl Ernestas VasiliauskasKlaipėdos universitetasBaltijos regiono istorijos ir archeologijos institutasHerkaus Manto g. 84LT-92294 Klaipėdaernestas@inbox.lvVioleta VasiliauskienėVilniaus universitetasArcheologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 7LT-01513 Vilniusvioleta.vasiliauskiene@if.vu.ltBaiba VaskaNational History Museum of LatviaPils laukums 3Rīga, LV-1050arheol@history-museum.lvIngrīda Līga VirseNational History Museum of LatviaPils laukums 3Rīga, LV-1050arheol@history-museum.lvMarcin WoźniakMuzeum Starožytnego Hutnictwa Mazowieckiego im. S. WoydyPlac Jana Pawła II 205-800 Pruszków, Polskamarcin.wozniak@yahoo.pl
Auksinė segė iš Młoteczno (Hammersdorf) (Braniewo rajonas, Šiaurės Rytų Lenkija)
Authors: Mączyńska Magdalena
Published: January 2019

1873–1913 metais įvairiose Młoteczno kaimo (seniau Hammersdorf) vietovėse buvo rasta 17 auksinių ir sidabri­nių dirbinių, iš kurių šiandien yra žinomi du auksiniai indai, vienas jų yra Rytų Romos, o kitas galų ar italų kilmės, Kons­tantijaus II medalionas, nukaldintas 335–336 metais, be to, auksinė segė, trys auksiniai kibiro pavidalo kabučiai ir dvi auksinės antkaklės. Antkaklės yra VI amžiaus, kiti radiniai datuojami IV amžiaus pabaiga ir V amžiaus pirmąja puse. Auksinė segė su granato ir gintaro inkrustacija sukė­lė gyvą, dešimtmečius trunkančią diskusiją. Nesutarimai susiję su segės kilme: ar tai vietinis gaminys, ar jis paga­mintas Vidurinėje ar Žemutinėje Padunojėje? Visi autoriai laikosi nuomonės, kad segė atspindi stilistinį perėjimą nuo Sackrau prie Untersiebennbrunno ir Szilágysomlyó stiliaus. Už jos vietinę kilmę pasisakė K. Godłowskis, R. Starkas, A. Cieślińskis ir V. Hilbergas, bet kai kurie jų palaikė ir segės skandinaviškąją kilmę, nes joje panaudoti ažūras ir filigranas. Už dunojiškąją kilmę pasisako J. Werner, R. Har­hoiu, M. Schmauder ir D. Quast. Remiantis stilistiniais segės iš Młoteczno požymiais ir jos atitikmenimis iš D2 pakopos, t. y. Nežin-Szilágysomlyó- Regöly-Untersiebennbrunn-Rábapordány tipu, galima dary­ti prielaidą, kad radinys kilęs iš Vidurinės ir Žemutinės Padu­nojės dirbtuvių. Segė yra Dunojaus stiliaus liudijimas, rastas toli Šiaurėje....Die Goldfibel von Młoteczno (Hammersdorf), Kr. Braniewo in NordostpolenMagdalena Mączyńska...
Geležinis kabutis-varpelis iš Wielbarko kultūros kapinyno Kozłówko vietovėje šiaurinėje Mazovijoje
Authors: Woźniak Marcin
Published: January 2019

Kozłόwko kapinyno Nidzicos paviete (seniau – Klein Kos­lau, Kreis Neidenburg) tyrimų metu aptiktas nedidelis kabu­tis-varpelis. Jis rastas XXXI kape, datuotame periodu C3–D (1 pav.). Pagal A. Kokowskio klasifikaciją varpelis priklauso tipui Ic. Tokie varpeliai buvo gaminami iš geležies skardos, sujungiant du pusrutulius. Viršuje yra cilindrinis kaklelis, besibaigiantis kilpele. Dauguma žinomų kabučių-varpelių yra labai panašūs (2 pav.). Iki šiol yra aptikta apie 300 tokių daiktų. Dauguma jų rasta Semboje ir Notangoje (Dollkei­mo-Kovrovo kultūra). Mažiau jų pasitaiko Mozūruose – Bo­gačevo kultūros teritorijoje. Nemažai šių papuošalų rasta ir Vakarų Lietuvos kapinynuose. Kitur šių kabučių-varpelių aptinkama retai (3 pav.). Kabučiai-varpeliai paprastai būdavo nešiojami ant ka­klo, dažnai – kaklo apvarose. Kapuose jų kiekis įvairuoja nuo 1 iki 25 vienetų. Didelės apvaros su keliolika kabučių žinomos iš Vakarų Lietuvos, mažiau tokių pasitaiko Doll­keimo-Kovrovo kultūroje. Kabučius-varpelius galima trak­tuoti kaip moterų įkapes. Vyrų kapuose tokių kabučių ne­daug, tik pavieniai. Kabučiai-varpeliai daugiausia datuojami vėlyvesniu ro­mėniškuoju laikotarpiu ir Didžiojo tautų kraustymosi laiko­tarpio pradžia. Ankstyviausi kabučiai pasirodė jau B2/C1– C1a periode, tačiau dauguma jų yra truputį vėlyvesni. Doll­keimo-Kovrovo kultūroje jie skiriami C1–C2 periodams pa­gal interregioninę skalę. Vėlyviausi datuojami romėniškojo laikotarpio pabaiga ir tautų kraustymosi laikotarpio pradžia (periodas C3, C3–D). Kadangi dauguma radimo vietų yra iš Dollkėimo- Kovrovo kultūros teritorijos, tikriausiai čia ir reikėtų ieškoti šių papuošalų genezės. Pavieniai egzemplioriai iš Wielbar­ko kultūros kapinynų, kaip ir radinys iš Kozłόwko vietovės, beveik identiški baltiškiems radiniams ir skirtini importui iš šiaurinių sričių. Iš lenkų k. vertė Mykolas Michelbertas... 
A iron ball-shaped pendant from the cemetery of the Wielbark Culture in Kozłówko in northern MasoviaMarcin Woźniak...
Vakarų baltų peilių-durklų genezė
Authors: Kulakov Vladimir
Published: January 2019

Šiandieninis Vidurio ir Vakarų Europos vėlyvojo romėniš­kojo laikotarpio vienašmenių kovos peilių ištirtumo lygis leidžia iškelti naują vakarų baltų peilių-durklų genezės ver­siją. Ši egzotiška šaltojo ginklo forma sujungia trikampių Turovo tipo geležčių ir „trumpųjų“ saksų idėjas. Šių uni­kalaus pavidalo ginklų paplitimo arealai sutampa su vaka­rų baltų „galindų“ migracijos punktais. Vieno iš prūsiškųjų peilių-durklų (kapas SH – 24 Warthen / Šoseinoje kapiny­ne) gamybos vieta taip pat sutampa su vienu iš tų punktų. „Galindų“ ir peilių-durklų atsiradimo procesas akivaizdus. Jų etnokultūrinėje erdvėje peilių, skirtų vien tik duriamajam smūgiui, gamybos idėja atsirado susipažinus su Turovo tipo peiliais Galicijoje ir „trumpaisiais“ saksais Lombardijoje, t. y. netrukus po 415 m. Sprendžiant iš kapo Do-370 Doll­keimo-Kovrovo įkapių, pirmieji peiliai-durklai Semboje ka­rių (o būtent jiems buvo skirtas ir ankstesnis romėniškais kalavijas – gladius) kapuose atsiranda V a. po Kr. pradžioje. Susidaro įspūdis, kad pirmųjų peilių-durklų savinin­kai, besiruošiantys juos panaudoti pagal Turovo tipo peilių paskirtį prieš apsišarvavusius priešininkus, buvo priversti pasitraukti iš jų dislokacijos vietos ir atsidurti ten, kur apie šarvus niekas net nenutuokė – Gintaro krašto platybėse. Galbūt, dedant šiuos ginklus į karių kapus, kartu buvo pa­brėžiamas ypatingas jų statusas – priklausymas būriams, ga­lintiems kovoti su šarvuotais kariais. Peilių-durklų pasiskirstymas pietryčių Baltijoje parodo kelis jų išplitimo mikroregionus: 1. Šiaurės Vakarų Semba, turtingiausias pasaulyje gin­taro paplitimo regionas – didžiausia ir akivaizdžiai pagrindinė peilių-durklų radaviečių koncentracija. 2. Minijos upės baseinas prie šiaurės vakarinio Kuršių nerijos galo. 3. Nemuno dešiniojo intako Jūros žiotys. 4. Nemuno dešiniojo intako Neries žiotys. Peilių-durklų radaviečių koncentracijos žymi prekybos operacijų bazę – gintaringąją Sembą ir Nemuno prekybos kelio vertingosios prekės plitimo mazgą – Nemuno baseino upių žiotis. Iš rusų k. vertė Aleksiejus Luchtanas... />Vladimir Kulakov...
Profesorius Mykolas Michelbertas – senojo geležies amžiaus tyrinėtojas – 75-mečio jubiliejui artėjant
Authors: Šimėnas Valdemaras
Published: January 2019

...
Lietuva ir gretimos žemės (kai kurios europinės archeologijos problemos)
Authors: Michelbertas Mykolas
Published: January 2019

Iš pirmo žvilgsnio šis ,,Archaeologia Lituana“ tomas savo straipsnių tematika yra gana įvairus. Vis dėlto visą tomą jungianti grandis yra prieškristinis geležies am­žius – romėniškasis ir tautų kraustymosi laikotarpis. Džiugu, kad leidinyje publikuoja straipsnius gre­timų kraštų – Lenkijos ir Rusijos – archeologai, kai kurie jų analizuoja ir Lietuvos bei baltų genčių arche­ologinę medžiagą.
Socialinės struktūros Pševorsko kultūroje, remiantis gyvenviečių formų tyrimu – kitas statybos modelis arba tyrimų perspektyvos pakeitimo būtinybė
Authors: Michałowski Andrzej
Published: January 2019

Nach der utilitдren Auffassung von Haus ist ein Haus ein Gebдude, das durch seine Nutz- und Konstruktionswerte Wohnverhдltnisse schafft, die es fьr die Menschen bewohnbar machen. Die Bewohnbarkeit eines Gebдudes ist bedingt durch eine funk­tionale Planung, eine richtige Situierung, Цffnungen, die eine Kommunikation mit der Umgebung er­lauben sowie in der gemдЯigten Klimazone durch eine entsprechende Heizung (sieh Szolginia, 1975, s. 73). Diese allgemeinen Faktorenermцglichen es, die Kategorie „ein bewohnbares Gebдude – Haus“ um verschiedene Konstruktionen zu erweitern, die die oben erwдhnten Mindestanforderungen erfьl­len. Diese Bedingungen erfьllen prinzipiell auch eine Hьtte oder eine Hцhle, in denen Menschen Zuflucht vor der AuЯenwelt finden, wie ein mit mo­derner Elektronik gespicktes Appartement. In der Annahme der evolutionistischen Entwicklung haben sich Wohngebдudeformen und -konstruktionen dem Zivilisations- und Technikfortschritt angemessen ver­дndert (sieh Szolginia, 1975, s. 73). Seit der Entstehung der ersten Stammsiedlungen sind jedoch eine innere qualitative Differenzierung von Siedlungen sowie eine Diversifikation von Wohnbauten zu beobachten. Mit diesen Prozessen gehen eine gesellschaftliche Stratifikation und Verkomplizieren zwischenmensch­licher Beziehungen innerhalb einzelner Gruppen einher. Die Hдuser erfьllen grundsдtzlich die gleiche Funktion, ihre Rolle geht aber ьber ihre Wohnfunktion hinaus. In der etruskischen und rцmischen Kultur be­reits zu Beginn der Republik war ein Haus дhnlich wie in anderen groЯen Kulturen im Mittelmeerraum auch ein Prestigesymbol und spiegelte die gesellschaftliche  Stellung seines Besitzers wider (Zerbini, 2008, s. 78). Obgleich ein Haus theoretisch immer diesel­ben Lebensfunktionen erfьllt, kann man es in diesen Kulturen als Emanation der Sozialschichtung und ein von weitem sichtbares Statussymbol einer Person oder einer Familie betrachten. Diese Verhдltnisse scheinen universell fьr die ganze Menschheit zu sein und bis heute zu gelten. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob sie auch im Fall der von den mitteleuropдischen Stдmmen in der jьngeren vorrцmischen Eisenzeit und der rцmischen Kaiserzeit aufgebauten Hдuser zutreffen? [...]
Romėniškų monetų radinys Centrinėje Lietuvoje
Authors: Michelbertas Mykolas
Published: January 2019

Es kommt nicht selten vor, dass archдologische Ge­genstдnde, die hinsichtlich der wisenschaftlichen In­formation wertvoll sind, zufдllig gefunden werden. So geschah es auch im Jahre 2008, als bei Bauarbeiten im Stдdtchen Kulautuva (Rayon Kaunas) die Fundsa­chen aus der rцmischen Kaiserzeit gefunden worden waren. Im Frьhling 2008 war beim Ausgraben eines Grabens ein Skelettgrab zerstцrt. Die Beigaben dieses Grabes sind die folgenden: ein bronzener Halsring mit lцffelartigem Verschluss, sechs bronzene Armringe mit dreieckigem Schnitt und zwцlf bronzene rцmische Mьnzen. Ein wesentliches Moment, das alle Fun­de von Kulautuva verbindet, ist die Ьbergabe dieser Funde dem Nationalmuseum in Vilnius1. Der Ort des Fundes besucht der Mitarbeiter dieses Museums Gytis Grižas. [...]
Egodokumentų tyrimai: senos erdvės – nauji horizontai
Authors: Pacevičius Arvydas
Published: January 2019

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Straipsnyje, remiantis projektinės veiklos ir fundamentinių tyrimų rezul­tatų analize, aptariami paskutinių penkerių metų egodokumentų tyri­mų pasiekimai ir perspektyvios studijų kryptys, ryškėjančios europinėje mokslo erdvėje ir Lietuvoje. Lietuvoje apie 2010 metus į mokslinį diskursą įvedus naują terminą egodokumentas, pastebimos sistemingesnės raš­tijos pirmuoju asmeniu studijos (projektai LEGODOK ir „Asmeninės lietuvių rašomosios kalbos duomenų bazės (AKdb) kūrimas“). Lietuvo­je bendrąja tyrimų tendencija laikytinos elito savimonės ir tapatumo raiškos studijos, į tyrimų lauką įtraukiančios naujus šaltinius (album amicorum). Tarpdalykiniai ,,apačių“ tyrimai veržliai plėtojami Šiaurės Europoje. Villa Vignoni forumas inspiravo solidžias publikacijas, skirtas asmens, šeimos ir bendruomenių tapatumams transkultūrinėje perspek­tyvoje. Kaimyninėje Lenkijoje leidžiami egodokumentiniai istorijos šalti­niai ir fundamentiniai tyrimai neretai aprėpia ir senosios Lietuvos pro­blematiką. Daroma išvada, kad plečiant tarptautinį bendradarbiavimą su kaimynais, Lietuvoje tęstini tiek lietuviškos egodokumentikos paveldo kaip kalbinės tapatybės raiškos, tiek transkultūriniai daugiakalbystės ir įvairialypio tapatumo sklaidos modernėjančioje visuomenėje tyrimai.
Privačioji raštija. Rankraščiai ir publikacijos. 2005 m. lapkričio 17–18 d. Limože vykusios konferencijos darbai
Authors: Sarcevičienė Jolita
Published: January 2019

[tekstas lietuvių kalba]
Paliesti praeitį. Egodokumentų tyrimai istorinėje sociolingvistikoje
Authors: Girininkaitė Veronika
Published: January 2019

[tekstas lietuvių kalba]
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE LARGE AND SMALL-SCALE ECONOMIES AND THE ROLE OF RESOURCES IN CONVERSION OF ENERGY-ORIENTED TO INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMY
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the economic growth in different scale economies, namely, resource-abundant and resource–driven countries and chances for the conversion of the latter into the knowledge-based mode of development. The paper deals with two problems 1) economic growth in different groups of the small-scale countries of the world economy through the estimate of the historical context ; 2) dynamics of the assessment in small and large transit economies.The goal of the article is to promote the idea of the resource-rich economies which find themselves at different stages of overcoming transitivity from the curse to the blessing type of economic growth. The hypothesis of the article is that sustainable economic development and continuous economic growth in transit economies could be achieved by means of the formation of the rent capitalism model in the large resource-rich countries. The methods used in the article are analysissynthesis, historical and logical methods of investigation, methods of international comparisons. The main conclusion of the article is that due to the formation of rent capitalism model growing gigantic countries play a predominant role in the world economy and in the global financial markets gaining the role of the savior during the expansion of the global financial crisis.
THE EURO AREA ENLARGEMENT: THE TARGET DATE PROBLEM
Authors: Dulkys Arūnas
Published: January 2019

The common currency as a changeover project was a multidimensional phenomenon and one of the most important events in the European monetary history. The European Union membership provides the new Member States with an opportunity to access to the euro area, butthey are free to choose the target date for the euro adoption. The situation has essentially changed over the recent two decades following the conclusion of the Treaty of the European Union because the relationship between the euro area and non-euro area experienced the proportional shifts in the critical mass of both the population and the annual gross domestic product. This article is innovative, in particular, in its decision to explore the problem related to the target date for the euro adoption. State leaders and other high officials often point out publicly to the most different target dates for the euro adoption in the country. However, the author of the article as a researcher is interested only in the plans recorded in the official documents with concrete responsibility and non-speculative commitments. The article concludes that if non-euro area member states want to adopt the euro as quickly as possible they need a sound changeover strategy with a definite targetdate. If the government fails to support a systematic planning for the euro adoption strategy and control effort for the changeover measures, any target date for the euro adoption will be unrealistic, irrespective of the fact how dutifully all involved institutions may work. The strategy focused on the target date needs to be assessed from the perspective of the structural reforms and must be carefully chosen. Moreover, without definition of a concrete target date for the euro adoption, it is impossible and senseless to announce the euro adoption to be the priority of the national economic policy. Lithuania is currently not only the actor of the common trade area, but also poses competitionfor other member states; therefore, the analysed problem of the target date is just a reflection of the date, when the state would start using its deficient resources adhering to the cost-effectiveness principle in a much stricter way. As this analytical research shows, not a single state managed to adopt the euro without the prior establishment of the concrete target date.
THE PROCESS OF THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL FORMATION AND APPLICATION IN THE LITHUANIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors: Smilga Edmundas , Janušonienė Kristina
Published: January 2019

Today the ability to adapt to the constant and rapidly changing environment conditions is becoming the main factor of the success of the health care system Integration into the international area, globalization, and information processes in the society motivate to take strategic actions. Therefore, during the last decades the strategic management and more constructive application of its potential became the most important innovation in private and public sectors. In order to solve the strategic management problems the authors advise to create the model of the strategic management of the Lithuanian health care system. The analysis of the strategic management concept revealed that today the focus ist on the strategy implementation in the strategic management process. Successfully implemented strategy creates a competitive advantage for organizations. Therefore, the proper development of the strategic management process in health care system would have an impact on the development of health care system sector, as well as on the strategic management system of the whole Lithuanian economy. Then ultimate aim of the research is to form strategic management model of the Lithuanian health care system.. In the article the entire spectrum of methods of scientific and special research such as logical analysis and summarization of scientific material, systematic, comparative analysis was used. The structure of the article is the following: methodological assumptions are presented, and according to these assumptions Lithuanian health care system’s strategic management model is prepared and presented as well as reasons for the practical application of this model are presented.Scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research are the following – the strategic management model of the Lithuanian health care system, which is focused on the meeting of health needs of patients and potential clients, is prepared. The scientific results of the given article can also be used to develop the strategic actions for state and public institutions, which have an impact on the management of the health care system.
PROBLEMS IN THE FORMATION OF COMMON EUSOCIAL POLICY
Authors: Rutkauskienė Lina
Published: January 2019

European Union social policy is a popular subject of research in the academic circles and is an important topic for its every member state and its citizens. The formation of a common social policy in the EU has an interesting history and related issues, thus this article is an attempt to find out why certain difficulties are encountered in the integration of social affairs, and to offer certain l suggestions for their l improvement. The aim of this study is to reveal the problems encountered in the formation of common EU social policy in the context of its development. The article presents some analysis of the history of the development of the European Community to determine the position of the goal to have a common social policy in the integration processes and the attention is given to the examination of the variety of social policy models in the EU member states as one of the problems of the integration of social policy. Furthermore, using an analysis of the academic literature, this article evaluates the main social policy management-coordination measure – the Open Method of Coordination, and presents the arguments highlighting its inefficiency , comments on its structure and organisation, and suggests the ways of improving this method.p>
THE NEED AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT: ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYERS AND GRADUATES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Neverauskienė Laima Okunevičiūtė , Gruževskis Boguslavas
Published: January 2019

The article analyses the problem of human/intellectual capital in the context of the integration of an individual into the labour market, the role of human capital in the activity of enterprises (organizations). According to the information of the Department of Statistics on adult education,and data of sociological research (results of the research of employers and graduates working in their enterprises) the development of human capital, the need and the investment possibilities are assessed in Lithuania.
THE LITHUANIAN EQUITY MARKETIN 1993–2008: REASONS FOR ITS DECLINE
Authors: Paškevičius Arvydas , Dubinskas Petras
Published: January 2019

This paper is an attempt to investigate the causes of the recurrent decline in the equity market in the period of the last fifteen years in Lithuania. Empirical methods are used to establish a correlation between such factors as inflation, interest rates, etc. and the equity market decline as well as to determine the most decisive factor that may produce the said result. Major findings of this article are as follows: (1) the Lithuanian equity market decline coincides with the increase in the interest rates and the current account deficit; (2) they can be triggered by financial crises in other countries which maintain close trade relations with Lithuania; (3) movements of the Lithuanian equity market can depend on psychological factors.
CONSUMER VALUATION MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING
Authors: Rytel Tomas
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical model of the establishment of the value created to an enterprise by consumers, which would allow a complex measuring of the benefit of the exchange of relationships based on the totality of the features significant to the exchange of relationships. The problem of an increasing concern about with the form of the relationship exchange in the theoretical and practical context of marketing calls for the need to identify the specific features of the relationship exchange, which create the value of exchange with the consumer for the company. The concept of the relationship marketing dictates the measurement of the consumer valuation for the company not only in the financial and/or exchange duration variables, but also socio-emotional features of the exchange.It can be argued that the methods of the assesment of the e consumer valuation for the company and the models, which they create, are not adapted to the specific marketing concept and exclude the features of value-generating exchange for the company, which are characteristic of that concept. The article aims at the substantiattion of the hypothesis that the concept of the marketing of relationships dictates the measuring of the value created to an enterprise by the consumers not only by means of the financial variable and / or the variable of the lack of exchange, but also the socioemotional features of the exchange. The following methodology has been applied to confirm the hypothesis: proceeding from the system analysis of the research, the main features of the relationships characteristic of the exchange, which are interpreted as the significant variables for the measurement of the value of exchange have been marked; the totality of the features is used to create a new model of the establishment of the value created to an enterprise by consumers needed to measure the return from the relationships, describing the criteria of selection of the variables and the principles of their calculation.
FOREIGN INVESTORS AS SIGNPOSTS OF CHANGE?
Authors: Jensen Camilla
Published: January 2019

The new market economies in Eastern Europe give a unique opportunity to study how agglomeration occurs due to the shift from a planner- constructed to a firm-driven economy. This paper it is investigated how foreign direct investment affects the existing economic geography. How are these changes taking place within the existing landscape of agglomerations inherited from socialism? Do foreign investors sustain existing patterns of agglomeration or are they signposts of change? A conditional logit model is implemented on a representative dataset combining the firm and regionallevel. Controls are made for region- and firm-specific factors such as market access, pre-existing industrial concentrations, regional policy and firm size. The results suggest that foreign investors are agents of both gradual and radical change in a new market economy such as Poland. With the exception of the capital region of Warsaw, past agglomerations are on the reverse and new ones are emerging; however, industrial inertia is quite strong outside Warsaw. Results also show that agglomeration economies in the make are significantly affected by cognitive distance. Foreign firms are more likely to go where other proximate peers (in terms of home country, industry and both) are going or have already gone.
THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN CORPORATE SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENT IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Štreimikienė Dalia , Pušinaitė Rasa
Published: January 2019

In implementing sustainable development policy, corporate social responsibility and other voluntary business initiatives plays the crucial role. Business plays the central role in economy and its voluntary initiatives such as signing the Global Compact and developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) are the main tools for implementing sustainable development on local, regional and global levels. However, also the public sector plays an important role in enhancing CSR development in the country. There exit several studies on CSR development in the Lithuanian private sector; however, the role of the public sector has not yet been investigated.The aim of the work was to investigate the development of CSR in the Lithuanian public sector. The main goals of the article are to analyse the concept of corporate social responsibility and to identify the main driving forces of CSR development in the public sector, its main barriers and means of overcoming these barriers.The article summarizes the results of a survey conducted in the Lithuanian public sector. The survey has shown that corporate social responsibility is not widely spread among public administration bodies at the local level. The main factors having a negative impact on social responsibility development in the public sector are the lack of information, of human and other resources.
STRUCTURED SECURITIES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Paškevičius Arvydas , Sačilka Ovidijus
Published: January 2019

The principal purpose of the article is to introduce structured securities, their particular features and advent into the Lithuanian financial market. The authors of the article address the premises and preconditions for the appearance of structured finance and structured securities, interpretations of related concepts and the global development trends.The system of structured securities is being designed on the basis of the principal methods of the composition of structured securities. The focus of the paper is on the group of financial instruments, including structured securities, currently designed and offered in the Lithuanian market.The article presents an analysis of the Lithuanian market in structured securities comparing it to traditional savingand investment instruments, issue volumes including the best and worst samples in terms of return rates, risks inherent to secondary securities markets and peculiarities of price calculation, also aspects of adaptation to market demands as well as the trends of its further development.
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN CEOCOMPENSATION ACROSS CONTINENTAL EUROPE AND UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Baužytė Inga
Published: January 2019

The article presents a detailed investigation of the top management / Chief Executive Officer (CEO) remuneration package and reveals why this is important to the economy. The goal of this paper is to examine the CEO pay (salary + bonus), wealth delta, cumulative value of options held and total compensation throughout Continental Europe and the United Kingdom across a number of various sectors during years 2005 and 2006. Attention is turned to the pre-crisis data analysis which might instigate the argument that CEO compensation was one of the main reasons which lead management to the excess risk taking and reckless decision making. Therefore, it might be concluded that the relationship between risk and executive remuneration can be more subtle and complex than it has been thought. The paper applies the multiple regression model supported by research hypothesis postulation tested by the correlation method and T-test approach.
THE IMAGE OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION, ITS STRUCTURE AND HIERARCHICAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF THE VILNIUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Mackelo Olga , Drūteikienė Greta
Published: January 2019

The aim of higher education institutions has been recently broadening, which in turn fostered the competitiveness in attracting students, teachers and financing. Unmistakably, higher education institutions are able to attain these goals only via constant improvement of study quality. Nevertheless, the swelling scale of competition at the country’s and international levels in the higher education sector highlights the image of a higher education institution as another considerable factor.This article presents a specified concept of the image of an organization. This concept is specified while considering the peculiarities of higher education institutions; based on it, the conception of a higher education institution’s image is characterized, its main typologies are distinguished, a structural model and hierarchical levels are presented. The theoretical premises are supported by a student survey of the Faculty of Economics of Vilnius University, one of the most prestigious higher education institutions in Lithuania.
COMMODITY SCIENCE AS A PREDECESSOR OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
Authors: Ruževičius Juozas
Published: January 2019

In this study, the evolution, content, trends and perspective of commodity science as a predecessor of quality management sciences and as an education subject are analyzed. The new models of the interface of commodity science with other disciplines, of the coverage of contemporary quality sciences and of quality management development stages are presented. Also, analysed are the aspects of quality experts’ and quality managers’ formation at Lithuanian universities, business schools and colleges. The article was written using scientific, normative and legal literature, systemising the good practices of Western universities, commodity and quality related international organisations and the results of author’s systematic researches of commodities and services quality problems. The author formulates the insights for the future development of commodity science and quality management as a subject of science and education.
ESTIMATING THE COST OF EQUITY IN THE BALTIC REGION
Authors: Mongrut Samuel , Paškevičius Arvydas , Dubinskas Petras , Kovalevskaja Renata , Fuenzalida Darcy
Published: January 2019

During the last two decades the Baltic region has been subject to several episodes of investment volatility and political turmoil. Although financial liberalization processes undertaken in these countries could reduce the cost of equity, it seems that investors have been cautious in investing in the Baltic region. In this research, we estimate the cost of equity per industry sector in three Baltic countries (Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia) during the period 2005–2008 and conclude that the cost of equity seems to have increased during the period 2005–2007, indicating that the region was less financially integrated with the world capital market.
EVALUATION OF PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES OF INDUSTRIAL FISH UTILISATION FOR HUMAN CONSUPTION
Authors: Motova Arina , Zolubas Tomas
Published: January 2019

Fish caught by Lithuanian Baltic Sea fishermen is used for industrial purposes to a relatively large proportion – 60–80 percent of the total volume versus 25–30 percent on the global level. There is no fully developed fishmeal industry in Lithuania, so industrial fish species are disposed of at foreign markets. The first sale prices for fish used for human consumption are higher. It is considered that saling sprats and herrings for human consumption would increase fishermen’s income, create an additional profit and value added. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic reasons why a large portion of Lithuanian landings of Baltic Sea pelagic fish species are used for industrial purposes. The study has shown that the main reasons are unstable, seasonal supply of sorted and good quality raw material and the lack of production sales markets. The authors have investigated the problem and proposed possibilities to increase the use of industrial fish for human consumption in Lithuania.
THE PREVAILING FEATURE OF CONSUMER NEEDS IN THE POSTMODERN ERA: CONSUMER NEEDS ANALYSIS IN THE LITHUANIAN MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
Authors: Rytel Tomas
Published: January 2019

The scientific problem lies in the fact that consumer needs in the postmodern1 era, as a response to the growing significance of the socio-emotional values in contemporary society, are stated rather than examined in a specific industry context to identify the feature of the needs which dominates in consumers within a specific industry. The paper presents an analysis of the motivating consumer needs within the Lithuanian mobile telecommunications sector, enabling identification of the prevailing type of consumers (based on the features of motivation needs), which affects consumer commitment to a specific service provider.This work aims at testing the assumption that the socio-emotional feature dominating in the needs of consumers in the postmodern era is characteristic of the consumer needs in the Lithuanian mobile telecommunications sector. The dominating feature of consumer needs was identified on the basis of the scientific literature examining the concept of postmodern marketing, which reveals the system of needs characteristic of contemporary consumers and its features.The analysis of consumer needs, made in the Lithuanian mobile telecommunications sector, is relevant in that motivating consumer needs are differentiated into the notional types depending on the characteristics of those needs. The practical outcome of the analysis is relevant as it explains the basic causes that determine the consumer commitment and/or buying/consumption decisions.
APPLICATION OF TRADABLE DISCHARGE CREDITS TO WASTEWARTER MANAGEMENT: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Čekanavičius Linas
Published: January 2019

The paper presents results of a field study on the feasibility of applying tradable discharge credits approach to wastewater management. The hypothesis that formed the basis of the present study is that conversion of the existing municipal wastewater discharge management system in Lithuania into the one that uses tradable discharge credits can bring both private and overall (social) economic benefits in the form of increased flexibility of the sewerage subscribers to select the most cost-effective means of compliance with the discharge limits. Research has been conducted in order to determine whether the tradable discharge credits can be employed for municipal wastewater management and, if so, how it can be done. The presented framework of wastewater management, based on tradable discharge credits, can serve as a blueprint for similar applications in other countries or regions, as well as a basis for policy steps.
FINANCIAL RATIOS OF THE COUNTRY’S ENTERPRISES IN THE FACE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DECLINE
Authors: Misiūnas Algimantas
Published: January 2019

The author analyses financial ratios of Lithuanian enterprises by economic sectors in the period from 1998 to 2008. During the period in question, which was selected consciously and purposefully, Lithuanian economy experienced two recessions: the first one took place after the Russian crisis 1998 and the second started in 2008, together with the global financial crisis. In the period between the two crises, a rapid economic development was observed.In the paper, the efficiency of the sectors of Lithuanian economy is assessed using various financial ratios, reflecting various aspects of performance of an economic entity: its capability to secure income, to perform profitably, to properly manage liabilities, to make proper use of available potential, to avoid jeopardising its further performance. Since no common methodology for the assessment of economic efficiency has been developed, it is offered to form an integral aggregate ratio to make possible the intercomparison of economic sectors and to determine the level of efficiency based on a set of financial ratios but not on each of them separately. The experiments and calculations performed showed that most suitable is the weighted arithmetic mean method.
RELATION BETWEEN LIFE SATISFACTION AND GDP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Degutis Mindaugas , Urbonavičius Sigitas , Gaižutis Algis
Published: January 2019

In the paper, relation between GDP and subjective well-being, expressed as personal life satisfaction is analysed. On the basis of the European Union data from 2000 to 2009, the so-called Easterlin’s paradox, which claims that life satisfaction stays flat in face of the increasing wealth of nations, is tested. The test is carried out using aggregated country level data on life satisfaction from a Standard Eurobarometer survey and GDP per capita data. Both the cross-country correlation and the within-country trends’ regression analyses show that the GDP level is positively related to the level of life satisfaction. Although the relation is particularly strongly expressed in Eastern European countries, it also stays positive in many more prosperous EU countries. Nevertheless, further studies on factors influencing the shape of relation are necessary to explain exceptions from the relation. The authors also suggest a possible necessity to find more sensitive indicators of life satisfaction to measure it more accurately in the future.