bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique leafy morphology of poly(lactic acid) monoliths controlled via novel phase separation technology
Authors: Kanno Tomonari , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2017

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) monoliths with unique leaf-like morphology and physical properties, designed by a newly developed thermally induced phase separation.
Direct comparison between chemisorption and physisorption: a study of poly(ethylene glycol) by means of single-molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Bo , Shi Rui , Duan Weili , Luo Zhonglong , Lu Zhong-yuan , Cui Shuxun
Published: July 2017

Chemisorption on an AFM-tip is the most promising protocol, if a functionalized polymer sample is available.
A straightforward and sustainable synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via visible-light-promoted copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)
Authors: Castro-Godoy Willber D. , Heredia Adrián A. , Schmidt Luciana C. , Argüello Juan E.
Published: July 2017

A simple and environmentally friendly synthesis of triazoles through the effective reduction of copper(ii) assisted by organic dyes and promoted by visible light was developed.
Biomimetic nano/micro double-textured silicon with outstanding antireflective and super-hydrophilic surfaces for high optical performance
Authors: Leem Jung Woo , Dudem Bhaskar , Yu Jae Su
Published: July 2017

Nano/micro double-textured silicon shows not only outstanding antireflection and light scattering properties in broad wavelengths and incident angles but also a super-hydrophilic surface.
Fine-tuning optimal porous coordination polymers using functional alkyl groups for CH4 purification
Authors: Cheng Fujun , Li Qianqian , Duan Jingui , Hosono Nobuhiko , Noro Shin-ichiro , Krishna Rajamani , Lyu Hongliang , Kusaka Shinpei , Jin Wanqin , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: July 2017

By optimizing the position and length of the shortest two alkyl groups in the channels, we developed a porous material with integrated structural properties for feasible adsorption- and membrane-based CH4 purification at room temperature.
Enhancement in kinetics of the oxygen reduction on a silver catalyst by introduction of interlaces and defect-rich facets
Authors: Xie Xiaohong , Wei Mengxia , Du Lei , Nie Yao , Qi Xueqiang , Shao Yuyan , Wei Zidong
Published: July 2017

Nanoporous Ag structures with interlaced facets and defects-enriched surfaces are fabricated via a polyoxometalate nanocluster-mediated method, which exhibit high catalytic activity towards ORR in alkaline solution.
Synergetic enhancement of plasmonic hot-electron injection in Au cluster-nanoparticle/C3N4for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Cheng Weiren , Su Hui , Tang Fumin , Che Wei , Huang Yuanyuan , Zheng Xusheng , Yao Tao , Liu Jinkun , Hu Fengchun , Jiang Yong , Liu Qinghua , Wei Shiqiang
Published: July 2017

We report a newly designed Au cluster-nanoparticle/C3N4photocatalyst for realizing efficient plasmonic hot-electron injection, which could effectively improve the hydrogen production rate by 6–20 times in the 400–900 nm range.
Impact of side-chain fluorination on photovoltaic properties: fine tuning of the microstructure and energy levels of 2D-conjugated copolymers
Authors: Shin Jisoo , Kim Min , Kang Boseok , Lee Jaewon , Kim Heung Gyu , Cho Kilwon
Published: July 2017

The control of the molecular energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is crucial to the design of highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Engineered nanocarbon mixing for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of a telluride-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite
Authors: Bae Eun Jin , Kang Young Hun , Lee Changjin , Cho Song Yun
Published: July 2017

The thermoelectric properties of telluride nanorods coated with PEDOT:PSS are enhanced by the addition of a small amount of SSWNTs.
A thermally and mechanically stable solar cell made of a small-molecule donor and a polymer acceptor
Authors: Oh Sora , Badgujar Sachin , Kim Da Hun , Lee Wang-Eun , Khan Nasir , Jahandar Muhammad , Rasool Shafket , Song Chang Eun , Lee Hang Ken , Shin Won Suk , Lee Jong-Cheol , Moon Sang-Jin , Lee Sang Kyu
Published: July 2017

Highly efficient and stable BDT2TR:PNDI-2T organic solar cells are investigated. Although this system shows a PCE of 4.43%, significant enhancements are observed in the thermal stability, high thickness tolerance, and flexibility as compared with the PC71BM-based organic solar cells.
Hollow Au nanoflower substrates for identification and discrimination of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Cao Xiaowei , Shan Yibo , Tan Lianqiao , Yu Xi , Bao Min , Li Wei , Shi Hongcan
Published: July 2017

In this work, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on hollow gold nanoflower (HAuNF)-decorated silicon wafers have been fabricated for detection and identification of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
Co-delivery of paclitaxel and cisplatin with biocompatible PLGA–PEG nanoparticles enhances chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer models
Authors: Tian Jing , Min Yuanzeng , Rodgers Zachary , Au Kin Man , Hagan C. Tilden , Zhang Maofan , Roche Kyle , Yang Feifei , Wagner Kyle , Wang Andrew Z.
Published: July 2017

Nanoparticles co-loaded with paclitaxel and cisplatin potently enhance chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer models versus the conventional free drug combination by delivering a precise therapeutic ratio.
A strain-induced new phase diagram and unusually high Curie temperature in manganites
Authors: Kou Yunfang , Miao Tian , Wang Hui , Xie Lin , Wang Yanmei , Lin Hanxuan , Wang Shasha , Liu Hao , Bai Yu , Zhu Yinyan , Shao Jian , Cai Peng , Wang Wenbin , Du Haifeng , Pan Xiaoqing , Wu Ruqian , Yin Lifeng , Shen Jian
Published: July 2017

Raising the critical temperature of functional materials is a major challenge for the exploitation of many exciting physical phenomena in strongly correlated systems.
Altering polarization attributes in ferroelectric metallo-cavitands by varying hydrated alkali-metal guest cations
Authors: Srivastava Anant Kumar , Vijayakanth Thangavel , Divya Pillutla , Praveenkumar B. , Steiner Alexander , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy
Published: July 2017

Two new M4L8-type metallo-cavitands and their hydrated alkali metal ion encapsulated host–guest complexes were synthesized and studied for their tunable ferroelectric behaviour.
Resistive switching induced by charge trapping/detrapping: a unified mechanism for colossal electroresistance in certain Nb:SrTiO3-based heterojunctions
Authors: Fan Zhen , Fan Hua , Yang Lin , Li Peilian , Lu Zengxing , Tian Guo , Huang Zhifeng , Li Zhongwen , Yao Junxiang , Luo Qiuyuan , Chen Chao , Chen Deyang , Yan Zhibo , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: July 2017

A unified mechanism for the colossal electroresistance effects in Nb:SrTiO3-based heterojunctions is revealed.
Selective and visual detection of a nerve agent mimic by phosphorylation and protonation of quinolin oximes
Authors: Cai Yuan-Chao , Li Chen , Song Qin-Hua
Published: July 2017

Facile and visual detection of a nerve agent mimic by ratiometric fluorescent sensors.
Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of a carbon nanotube modified by a tetrapyridinoporphyrazine interface layer
Authors: Kong Luo , Wang Chen , Yin Xiaowei , Fan Xiaomeng , Wang Wei , Huang Jianfeng
Published: July 2017

The CoTAP impedance matching layer is assembled on the surface of CNTs, which can enhance EM absorption and decrease surface reflection.
Time‐variant beam selection for lens‐based millimetre‐wave massive MIMO systems
Authors: Guo Zhenduo , Li Jianjun
Published: July 2017

Lens‐based millimetre‐wave (mmWave) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) can utilise beam selection to reduce the number of radio‐frequency (RF) chains. However, most of the existing beam selection schemes involve high complexity, especially with the fast time‐variant mmWave channels. In this Letter, by exploiting the mmWave channel property that the angles of departure of channel paths are slowly varying, the authors propose an adaptive neighbourhood search (ANS) beam selection. The key idea is to utilise the concept of neighbourhood search developed from machine learning to select the beams with significantly reduced complexity, where the neighbourhood range is adaptively adjusted to avoid the local optimum. Simulation results show that the authors’ scheme can achieve the performance close to the conventional real‐time beam selection schemes.
Influence of sinusoidal and square voltages on partial discharge inception in geometries with point‐like termination
Authors: Abdelmalik Abdelghaffar A.
Published: July 2017

High‐voltage equipment involves both electrical and electronic components. In electrical power network, which consists of rotating machine, power transformers and transmission lines, field enhancement at critical regions can lead to local breakdown [partial discharges (PD)]. The continuous occurrence of PDs can lead to complete breakdown. While in large power equipment sharp edges can be avoided, this is not the case in power converter due to the miniature nature of the semiconductor device. Sharp edges can also be present in any power equipment in the shape of conducting particles, either stuck at a barrier or freely moving in the bulk oil. This creates high‐field regions, prone to PD activities. Different power equipment operates at different voltages such as AC, DC, square voltage, pulse voltage, fast‐rise transient voltage etc. This study presents the influence of sinusoidal voltage, slow‐ and fast‐rise square voltage on PDs in two different geometries using optical PD measurement technique. Fast‐rise square voltage has the lowest PD inception voltage while the sinusoidal voltage has the highest. This is may be due to the influence of homo‐ and hetero‐charges. Fast‐rise square voltage displayed higher PD magnitude at inception which may be connected to the rise time of the voltage.
Joint pricing and service selection for service‐differentiated duopoly in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Zou Junni , Huang Liwan
Published: July 2017

This study addresses the joint pricing and service selection problem between two primary operators (POs) and multiple secondary users (SUs). The SUs are divided into two priority classes in terms of their delay‐sensitive demands. A M/G/1 queueing model of four queues is established, in which each PO serves two queues to support SUs' heterogeneous sensitivity to price and delay. A unique Wardrop equilibrium point of the proposed service selection strategy is developed, at which not only the overall cost perceived by SUs at two POs are equal; however, the cost perceived by SUs of the same PO in different class are equal. Moreover, the authors propose two pricing strategies for maximising the revenue of POs. The first one is that both POs set their prices simultaneously, the second one formulates the price competition as a two‐stage Stackelberg game, and then the authors show the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium. The performance of the proposed mechanism is finally verified by numerical results.
Optimal harvesting strategies for stochastic ecosystems
Authors: Tran Ky Quan , Yin George
Published: July 2017

Focusing on multidimensional stochastic Lotka–Volterra type ecosystems in which multiple species are interacting, this study aims developing optimal harvesting strategies. The underlying systems are controlled regime‐switching diffusions. Dealing with such a class of singular controls, the authors' objective is to maximise the total expected discounted rewards by using the ideas from singular control theory. In this study, the finiteness of the value function is obtained. The value function is characterised as a viscosity solution of the associated coupled systems of quasi‐variational inequalities. Chattering policies are developed, which provide candidates for lower bounds of value functions. The impact of large noise on harvesting is studied by using certain upper bounds.
Event‐based model‐free adaptive control for discrete‐time non‐linear processes
Authors: Liu Dong , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: July 2017

In this study, a novel event‐based model‐free adaptive control (MFAC) algorithm for discrete‐time non‐linear systems is presented. Different from the traditional MFAC scheme which calculates the control signal at fixed sampling instants, an event‐based sampling scheme is given to calculate the new control signal only when the input/output (I/O) data sufficiently changes. The event‐triggered MFAC can obviously reduce the computational load and network communication. The closed‐loop system is proven to be ultimately bounded by using the Lyapunov technique. Finally, the simulation examples indicate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed event‐trigger model‐free adaptive control algorithm.
Hybrid model for stochastic clearing of joint energy and reserves market
Authors: Goroohi Sardou Iman , Goroohi Ali
Published: July 2017

Day‐ahead market clearing is usually executed by independent system operator to determine the accepted energy and reserve bids and their payments. In this study, an effective multi‐objective stochastic framework is presented for joint energy and reserves market clearing problem considering the power system security. To this end, the 24 h scenarios are generated using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Besides, a scenario reduction technique is also presented to reduce the computational burden of the proposed stochastic market clearing procedure. A new validation method based on MCS which is called MCVM method is proposed to verify the proposed strategy against the deterministic model. Direction scalarisation method (DSM) is proposed to solve the proposed multi‐objective problem. A new method as the combination of gravitational search algorithm and primal‐dual interior point method is employed to solve the proposed single‐objective optimisation problem obtained by the DSM. IEEE 24‐bus test system is used to address the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Buck Inverter without Shoot through
Authors: Hong Feng , Lei Hong , Ji Baojian , Li Longchun , Wang Siyu
Published: July 2017

A new buck inverter without shoot‐through problem is presented and analysed in this study. The traditional dual‐buck inverter has been proposed to solve the shoot‐through problem of bridge‐type inverters, eliminate the dead‐time effect and improve the reliability along with the conversion efficiency. However, the existing dual‐buck inverter is prone to result in the problem of circulation and low utilisation rate of input voltage in half‐bridge‐type inverters. Besides, two or even four inductors are needed in the traditional dual‐buck inverter configuration, which leads to a larger volume and weight. In this study, single inductor and single power are used in the proposed buck inverter topology. The operating circuit is equivalent to a buck circuit during each mode, and only one switch works in high‐frequency condition at any time. A 1‐kW prototype is established and tested in this study. The results of simulation and experiments verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, along with the good performance in situations where small size, high conversion efficiency and high stability are required.
Comparative study on Lyapunov‐function‐based control schemes for single‐phase grid‐connected voltage‐source inverter with LCL filter
Authors: Sefa Ibrahim , Ozdemir Saban , Komurcugil Hasan , Altin Necmi
Published: July 2017

This study deals with various Lyapunov‐function‐based control (LFBC) schemes proposed for a single‐phase grid‐connected voltage source inverter with LCL filter. Use of LCL filter causes resonance which may adversely affect the controller's stability. The conventional (CLFBC) scheme employing the inverter‐side current guarantees the asymptotic global stability, but it is not able to damp the resonance. As a remedy to the poor resonance damping, the adoption of grid‐current and capacitor‐voltage feedback schemes have been investigated. Although the former offers a globally asymptotically stable system, it cannot improve the poor resonance damping. However, the CLFBC with capacitor‐voltage feedback scheme not only preserves the global stability, but also improves the resonance damping substantially. The analytical equations of the closed‐loop poles for each control scheme are provided which can be used to compute the pole positions and the damping ratio needed for a desired response. Furthermore, the effect of changing controller gains on the loci of closed‐loop poles is also studied. Simulation and experimental results obtained from 3.3 kW system demonstrate that the CLFBC with capacitor‐voltage feedback scheme not only offers a global stability, but also leads to good quality sinusoidal grid current with reasonable total harmonic distortion and fast dynamic response.
Maximum efficiency control of six‐ and three‐phase two‐motor drives
Authors: Pairo Hamidreza , Khanzade Mohammad Hosein , Shoulaie Abbas
Published: July 2017

In this study, a method for loss minimisation of six‐ and three‐phase two‐motor drive systems is presented. In two‐motor drive systems (or multiphase multi‐motor drive systems), currents of one motor pass through the other motor(s), which lead to increment of copper loss. In the proposed method for loss minimisation of six‐ and three‐phase two‐motor drive systems, extra copper loss of the six‐phase motor, caused by reference currents of three‐phase motor, is considered in loss‐minimisation equations of three‐phase motor; therefore the total controllable loss (including copper and iron losses) of whole system will be minimised in a unified form. In this paper, amount of efficiency improvement of proposed method for a system of two six‐ and three‐phase motors in different speeds and load torques are compared with a conventional method of nominal flux. Also experimental results verify performance of the proposed method.
H4 [W12SiO40] grafted on magnetic chitosan: a green nanocatalyst for the synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo/benzimidazolo quinazolinone derivatives
Authors: Ayati Ali , Daraie Mansoureh , Heravi Majid M. , Tanhaei Bahareh
Published: July 2017

A novel nanocomposite, H4SiW12O40 immobilised magnetic chitosan (HSiW‐MC) was prepared via a facile procedure in one‐pot fashion. This composite was fully characterised using several methods including, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was applied as a novel catalyst in two three components reaction involving, dimedone, differently substituted aryl aldehydes and either 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole or 2‐amino benzimidazole to afford the corresponding [1,2,4]triazolo/benzimidazolo quinazolinone derivatives. It showed excellent performance in the aforementioned reaction with the high yield of 96%. Also, the effect of HSiW‐MC amount, catalysts, solvents and temperatures were studied and the best results were obtained in CH3 CN in the presence of HSiW‐MC (0.04 g) under refluxing conditions.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of (E)-5-[1-(4-Phenyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-3-yl)ethylidene]-2-aminoimidazolin-4-one Derivatives
Authors: Yu Zhao , Bo Tang , Aiying Guan , Weiwei Wang , Zhenhua Zhang , Mingan Wang
Published: July 2017

(E)-5-[1-(4-Phenyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-3-yl)eth­yl­idene]-2-aminoimidazolin-4-one derivatives, as novel fungicidal agents, are designed and synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in four steps from (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)(phenyl)methanone and diketene as the starting materials. The products are characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS (ESI) analysis. An in vivo bioassay shows that some of the products exhibit good to excellent inhibition against P. cubensis and C. lagenarium, whilst up to 94.7% inhibition against P. capsici and up to 78.1% inhibition against B. cinerea is demonstrated in the in vitro bioassay. EC50 values of 3.40 and 5.86 μg/mL are demonstrated against P. capsici and B. cinerea.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Diarylamines and 1- and 2-Oxygenated Carbazoles: Total Syntheses of Natural Alkaloids Clauraila A, Clausenal, Clausine P, and 7-Methoxy-O-methylmukonal
Authors: Tamariz Joaquín , Hernández-Benitez R. , Zárate-Zárate Daniel , Delgado Francisco
Published: July 2017

The scope and limitations of the strategy for the conversion of 2-anilinocyclohexenones and N-arylcyclohexane enaminones into the 1- and 2-oxygenated carbazole scaffolds, respectively, were evaluated. The one-pot palladium(0)-catalyzed aromatization/methylation process of the aforementioned substrates provided a diversity of the corresponding diarylamines. A subsequent palladium(II)-catalyzed cyclization of the latter delivered the desired 1- and 2-oxygenated carbazoles in good overall yields. Special attention was given to the synthesis of the uncommon 1,8-disubstituted carbazoles. This methodology was employed for the total synthesis of the naturally occurring clauraila A, clausenal, clausine P, and 7-methoxy-O-methylmukonal.
Reactions of Nitrosobenzenes with Cyclobutanones by Activation with a Lewis Acid
Authors: Matsuo Jun-ichi , Shima Yusuke , Igarashi Emiko , Yoshimura Tomoyuki
Published: July 2017

Formal [4+2] cycloaddition between 3-ethoxy-2-alkylcyclobutanones and nitrosobenzene proceeded by activation with Me3SiOTf to afford 6-alkyl-2-phenyl-2H-1,2-oxazin-5(6H)-one by regioselective cleavage of the more substituted C2–C3 bond of the cyclobutanone ring. On the other hand, reactions of 3-phenylcyclobutanones and 2-benzyloxycyclobutanone with nitrosobenzene gave γ,δ-unsaturated and cyclic hydroxamic acid derivatives, respectively, by cleavage of a cyclobutanone C1–C2 bond.
B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Reduction of Sulfoxides and Sulfones to Sulfides with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Porwal Digvijay , Oestreich Martin
Published: July 2017

B(C6F5)3 is shown to catalyze the deoxygenation of sulfoxides and sulfones to the corresponding sulfides with Et3SiH as the stoichiometric hydride source. While the method is limited in terms of functional group tolerance, it is applicable to the reduction of alkyl/aryl-, aryl/aryl-, and alkyl/alkyl-substituted sulfoxides, including the benzyl/benzyl-substituted derivative. The same protocol converts alkyl/aryl- but not aryl/aryl-substituted sulfones into sulfides.
Iminoboronate-Mediated Peptide Cyclization with Lysine Homologues
Authors: Gao Jianmin , Li Kaicheng
Published: July 2017

Cyclic peptides are attracting attention of medicinal chemists due to their increased stability in biological milieu as well as improved target binding affinities. Our laboratory has recently reported a powerful cyclization strategy that takes advantage of the spontaneous and reversible conjugation of lysine and a designed amino acid AB3 to give iminoboronates. Herein we report that Dap, a short chain homologue of lysine, displays significantly higher propensity to form imino­boronates and consequently improves the efficiency of peptide cyclization. Importantly, the preferential conjugation of AB3 to Dap allows a facile synthesis of cyclic peptides with free lysine residues.
Characterization of micro-RNA Profile in the Blood of Patients with Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: Ludwig Nicole , Rädle-Hurst Tanja , Keller Andreas , Motsch Lars , Marsollek Ina , El Rahman Mohammed , Abu-Halima Masood , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Meese Eckart
Published: July 2017

Background Marfan's syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant inheritance disorder with a 1/5,000 live-birth prevalence. It is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations with more than 3,000 mutations identified in the FBN1 gene. In this study, we aimed to determine if specific patterns of circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are associated with MFS-associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods Microarray-based miRNA profiling was performed on blood samples of 12 MFS patients, and 12 healthy volunteers (HVs) controls and the differences in miRNA abundance between the two groups were validated using independent cohorts of 22 MFS and of 22 HV controls by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enrichment analyses of altered miRNA abundance were predicted using bioinformatics tools.

Results Altered miRNA abundance levels were determined between MFS (n = 34) and HVs (n = 34). In a screening phase, we analyzed 12 patients with MFS and 12 HVs by miRNA microarray. We found 198 miRNAs that were significantly altered in MFS patients as compared with HVs, including 16 miRNAs with a more than 1.5-fold change. Out of these 16 miRNAs, 10 showed a decreased abundance and 6 showed an increased abundance. In the validation phase, we analyzed independent cohorts of 22 MFS and of 22 HV controls by RT-qPCR. We confirmed the direction of abundance changes and the significance of different abundances between MFS patients and HVs for four miRNAs, namely, miR-362–5p, miR-339–3p, miR-340–5p, and miR-210–3p. Only the miR-150–5p showed a significant correlation with mitral valve prolapse (p = 0.010). The predicted targets for the validated miRNAs were associated with signal transduction, tissue remodeling, and cellular interaction pathways.

Conclusion The altered abundance level of different miRNAs in whole blood of MFS patients lays the ground to the development of novel diagnostic approaches with altered miRNAs levels associated with MFS with manifestations associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Revision der repertorialen Systematik der Gemütssymptome
Authors: Waldvogel Lutz , Schäferkordt Rainer
Published: July 2017

Es wird ein Überblick gegeben über die Systematik der Gemütssymptome in den klassischen homöopathischen Werken, die zumindest für die heutige Praxis als unzureichend erachtet werden muss. Anschließend wird der Ansatz der Glopedia-Arbeitsgruppe vorgestellt, die eine grundlegende Neustrukturierung des homöopathischen Arzneiwissens zum Ziel hat. Explizit wird auf das Konzept der semantischen Hierarchien eingegangen.
The Compact Wheelchair Roller Dynamometer
Authors: Oliveira Saulo , Bione Afonso , Oliveira Lúcia , da Costa Adalberto , de Sá Pereira Guimarães Fernando , da Cunha Costa Manoel
Published: July 2017

The equipment for evaluating the propulsion of a wheelchair is very complex and expensive. To validate a new dynamometer prototype for assessing the propulsion capacity of wheelchairs, 21 healthy subjects (age: 20.9±2.4 yr; weight: 68.9±7.9 kg; height: 174.0±7.1 cm; BMI: 22.7±2.5 kg·m−2) who do not normally require wheelchairs performed a sprint protocol for 20 s after a 1-min warm-up. The power and rotation data acquired by the prototype (both right and left sides) were compared with those of a reference system via high-speed videography (240 fps). The results showed high levels of accordance (95% CI), excellent values for the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: .99; P<0.00), no significant differences in the rotation (P=0.91) and power (P=0.94) between the methods. The proposed equipment met the validation criteria and thus can be applied as a new tool for assessing wheelchair propulsion.
Road Map fluoroscopy successfully guides endoscopic interventions in the esophagus
Authors: Weigt Jochen , Obst Wilfried , Kandulski Arne , Pech Maciej , Canbay Ali , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: July 2017

Background and study aims Road Map (RM) fluoroscopy is a radiological technique that enables visualization of anatomic structures using image subtraction at peak opacification. RM fluoroscopy has never previously been evaluated for use in endoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of RM in guiding endoscopic intervention in the esophagus.

Patients and methods This was a monocentric observational trial of consecutive patients with esophageal strictures in a university hospital. Twenty-seven investigations using RM were performed in 24 patients undergoing esophageal endoscopy. Indications for the procedure were balloon dilatation (n = 7 including 2 pneumatic balloon dilatations for treatment of achalasia), bougie dilatation (n = 7) and diagnostic endoscopy (n = 1). In addition, 12 stents, 7 partially covered and 5 fully covered, were placed using RM as a guide for determination of stent length and diameter. Stents were deployed under RM guidance.

Results In all procedures, RM successfully guided the intervention. Endoscopic control endoscopy confirmed adequate stent placement in all cases.

The feeling of resistance during bougie dilation matched the RM-predicted location of the stenosis. With the help of RM imaging, dilatation balloons were easily centered inside the stenosis and thus slipping of the balloon was avoided. There were no adverse events.

Conclusion RM allows permanent and accurate radiographic imaging of stenoses and esophageal anatomic changes. It is an easy and safe method of guiding endoscopic interventions that require radiological imaging.
Effizienzgewinne durch E-Health – Bis zu 39 Milliarden Euro Einsparpotenzial?
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: July 2017

Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine neue Studie von strategy&, der Strategieberatungstochter von PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Insgesamt
könnten nach den Schätzungen der Experten bei den Gesundheitsausgaben 12,2 Prozent der deutschen Gesundheitsausgaben (Stand: 2014)
eingespart werden, so eine Untersuchung im Auftrag des Branchenverbandes bvitg und der Compugroup Medical (CGM).
Wettbewerb im niederländischen Krankenhaussektor – Eine Analyse der Gesundheitsversorgung und der
Kosten
Authors: Bretzke Pascal
Published: July 2017

Krabbe-Alkemade YJFM, Groot TLCM, Lindeboom M. Competition in the Dutch hospital sector: an analysis of health care volume and cost. Eur J
Health Econ 2017; 18: 139–153

Das niederländische Gesundheitssystem befindet sich seit einigen Jahren im Wandel. Seit Beginn 2005 wurde ein neues Erstattungssystem in
den niederländischen Krankenhäusern eingeführt, mit dem Ziel, neue Effizienzreserven zu erschließen und einen stärkeren Wettbewerb unter
Versorgungseinrichtungen zu generieren. Basierend auf Entlassungsdaten haben die Autoren die Auswirkungen des Marktwettbewerbs auf das
Krankenhausverhalten analysiert.
Optimierungspotenzial – Gesundheitsökonomische Effizienz im OP notwendig
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: July 2017

Sowohl Chirurgen als auch Patienten profitieren von der Digitalisierung des OP. Es werden mehr schonende Eingriffe möglich, die Risiken
sinken und die Effizienz steigt. Das ist auch nötig, denn die Zahl der Operationen nimmt zu.
Development of the Rope-Climbing Ergometer for Physical Training and Testing
Authors: Arakawa Hiroshi , Kumagawa Daisuke , Fujisaki Iwao , Ozawa Yoshiaki , Ishige Yusuke
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a rope-climbing ergometer. A custom-made loading device that has an eddy current brake with an electrical current control circuit was developed to impose resistive load on the rope. A calibration test was first performed using a three-phase induction motor to associate the scale of the load-level setting (100 levels) with the resultant traction force. The calibration test yielded criteria values of loads (123 N at Level 0 and 1064 N at Level 100). The human test was carried out by 14 male subjects. The participants performed eight sets of 10-second maximal-effort exercises at different levels. Presumable trajectories of force, velocity, and power were obtained. The mean force increased by 161% (from 147.5 N at Level 0 to 383.7 N at Level 18), whereas the mean velocity decreased by 64.7% (from 1.87 m/s at Level 0 to 0.66 m/s at Level 18). The mean power reached its peak at Level 9 (320 W). The new rope ergometer for physical training and testing was successfully developed and characterized in this study. However, it remains to be seen whether its concurrent validity and reliability are qualifiable.
Analytics at Lie-Nielsen Toolworks: Custom-built Data Tools for a Unique Small Manufacturer
Authors: Clark Joseph Warren
Published: July 2017

Lie-Nielsen Toolworks (LNT) is a small, family-owned company manufacturing very-high-quality woodworking tools in coastal Maine. They face three major challenges: the sparse rural labor market makes it difficult to find and retain talent; their extreme quality standards lead to scrap and rework; they struggle to forecast demand and schedule production due in part to offering a large number of SKUs in small quantities. Having reorganized the factory layout and upgraded its CNC machines over the past two years, LNT is now turning to information systems and analytics as tools for improvement. Advised by an internal IT staff of one, an external ERP partner, and a consultant from the state university, Tom Lie-Nielsen must decide how to approach these information technologies, what benefits he can expect, and what organizational changes might be necessary to effectively leverage them.
A platform for studying the Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities in a planar geometry at high energy density at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Nagel S. R. , Raman K. S. , Huntington C. M. , MacLaren S. A. , Wang P. , Barrios M. A. , Baumann T. , Bender J. D. , Benedetti L. R. , Doane D. M. , Felker S. , Fitzsimmons P. , Flippo K. A. , Holder J. P. , Kaczala D. N. , Perry T. S. , Seugling R. M. , Savage L. , Zhou Y.
Published: July 2017

A new experimental platform has been developed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) for studying the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instabilities in a planar geometry at high-energy-densities. The platform uses 60 beams of the NIF laser to drive an initially solid shock tube containing a pre-machined interface between dense and light materials. The strong shock turns the initially solid target into a plasma and the material boundary into a fluid interface with the imprinted initial condition. The interface evolves by action of the RT and RM instabilities, and the growth is imaged with backlit x-ray radiography. We present our first data involving sinusoidal interface perturbations driven from the heavy side to the light side. Late-time radiographic images show the initial conditions reaching the deeply nonlinear regime, and an evolution of fine structure consistent with a transition to turbulence. We show preliminary comparisons with post-shot numerical simulations and discuss the implications for future campaigns.
Study on the influence of actuation parameter of SDBD on induced jet in low-pressure air
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Li Xiuqian , Che Xueke , Nie Wansheng , Li Jinlong , Zhang Zheng , Chen Qingya , Zheng Zhi
Published: July 2017

Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) is an important form of atmospheric discharge. The present study uses particle image velocimetry to investigate the influence of the duty cycle and pulse frequency on the flow field of plasma-induced jets and turbulent flow features for high-frequency high-voltage AC actuation under a low pressure of 7 kPa. The results prove that the SDBD plasma induces a suction flow and a horizontal tangential flow. Both the duty cycle and the pulse frequency have significant effects on the induced flow field. With the increasing duty cycle, the length and velocity of the jets increase linearly, the exit angle increases, and the Reynolds number of the tangential jet increases. The tangential jet transitions from turbulent to laminar flow as the duty cycle increases. As the pulse frequency increases, both the length of the tangential jet and the exit angle decrease gradually, and this trend accelerated near 30 Hz. The Reynolds number of the tangential jet increases to a maximum and then decreases with the increasing pulse frequency, with a peak near 50 Hz. The pulse frequency has little effect on the velocity of the jets or the turbulent flow characteristics of the tangential jet. A low duty cycle and a low pulse frequency should be adopted to increase the turbulent flow area and jet size to achieve a better actuation effect.
Elemental and cooperative diffusion in a liquid, supercooled liquid and glass resolved
Authors: Cassar Daniel R. , Lancelotti Ricardo F. , Nuernberg Rafael , Nascimento Marcio L. F. , Rodrigues Alisson M. , Diz Luiza T. , Zanotto Edgar D.
Published: July 2017

The diffusion mechanisms controlling viscous flow, structural relaxation, liquid-liquid phase separation, crystal nucleation, and crystal growth in multicomponent glass-forming liquids are of great interest and relevance in physics, chemistry, materials, and glass science. However, the diffusing entities that control each of these important dynamic processes are still unknown. The main objective of this work is to shed some light on this mystery, advancing the knowledge on this phenomenon. For that matter, we measured the crystal growth rates, the viscosity, and lead diffusivities in PbSiO3 liquid and glass in a wide temperature range. We compared our measured values with published data covering 16 orders of magnitude. We suggest that above a certain temperature range Td (1.2Tg–1.3Tg), crystal growth and viscous flow are controlled by the diffusion of silicon and lead. Below this temperature, crystal growth and viscous flow are more sluggish than the diffusion of silicon and lead. Therefore, Td marks the temperature where decoupling between the (measured) cationic diffusivity and the effective diffusivities calculated from viscosity and crystal growth rates occurs. We reasonably propose that the nature or size of the diffusional entities controlling viscous flow and crystal growth below Td is quite different; the slowest is the one controlling viscous flow, but both processes require cooperative movements of some larger structural units rather than jumps of only one or a few isolated atoms.
Changing role of carrier gas in formation of ethanol clusters by adiabatic expansion
Authors: Abu-samha Mahmoud , Ryding Mauritz J. , Uggerud Einar , Sæthre Leif J. , Børve Knut J.
Published: July 2017

Adiabatic expansion of molecular vapors is a celebrated method for producing pure and mixed clusters of relevance in both applied and fundamental studies. The present understanding of the relationship between experimental conditions and the structure of the clusters formed is incomplete. We explore the role of the backing/carrier gas during adiabatic expansion of ethanol vapors with regard to cluster production and composition. Single-component clusters of ethanol were produced over a wide size-range by varying the rare gas (He, Ar) backing pressure, with Ar being more efficient than He in promoting the formation of pure ethanol clusters. However, at stagnation pressures Ps>1.34(4) bar and temperature 49(2) °C, synchrotron-based valence and inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy reveals condensation of Ar carrier gas on the clusters. Theoretical calculations of cluster geometries as well as chemical shifts in carbon 1s ionization energies confirm that the experimental observations are consistent with an ethanol core covered by an outer shell of argon. Experiments on the 1-propanol/Ar system display a similar pattern as described for ethanol/Ar, indicating a broader range of validity of the results.
Probing photoisomerization processes by means of multi-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: The multi-state quantum hierarchical Fokker-Planck equation approach
Authors: Ikeda Tatsushi , Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: July 2017

Photoisomerization in a system with multiple electronic states and anharmonic potential surfaces in a dissipative environment is investigated using a rigorous numerical method employing quantum hierarchical Fokker-Planck equations (QHFPEs) for multi-state systems. We have developed a computer code incorporating QHFPE for general-purpose computing on graphics processing units that can treat multi-state systems in phase space with any strength of diabatic coupling of electronic states under non-perturbative and non-Markovian system-bath interactions. This approach facilitates the calculation of both linear and nonlinear spectra. We computed Wigner distributions for excited, ground, and coherent states. We then investigated excited state dynamics involving transitions among these states by analyzing linear absorption and transient absorption processes and multi-dimensional electronic spectra with various values of heat bath parameters. Our results provide predictions for spectroscopic measurements of photoisomerization dynamics. The motion of excitation and ground state wavepackets and their coherence involved in the photoisomerization were observed as the profiles of positive and negative peaks of two-dimensional spectra.
Magnetic stage with environmental control for optical microscopy and high-speed nano- and microrheology
Authors: Aprelev Pavel , McKinney Bonni , Walls Chadwick , Kornev Konstanin G.
Published: July 2017

A novel design of a low-field magnetic stage for optical microscopy of droplets and films within a controlled environment is described. The stage consists of five magnetic coils with a 3D magnetic sensor in a feedback control loop, which allows one to manipulate magnetic nano- and microprobes with microtesla fields. A locally uniform time-dependent field within the focal plane of the microscope objective enables one to rotate the probes in a precisely set manner and observe their motion. The probe tracking protocol was developed to follow the probe rotation in real time and relate it with the viscosity of the host liquid. Using this magnetic stage, a method for measuring mPa s-level viscosity of nanoliter droplets and micron thick films in a 10–20 s timeframe is presented and validated. The viscosity of a rapidly changing liquid can be tracked by using only a few visible probes rotating simultaneously. Vapor pressure and temperature around the sample can be controlled to directly measure viscosity as a function of equilibrium vapor pressure; this addresses a significant challenge in characterization of volatile nanodroplets and thin films. Thin films of surfactant solutions undergoing phase transitions upon solvent evaporation were studied and their rheological properties were related to morphological changes in the material.
The effect of reconnection electric field on crescent and U-shaped distribution functions in asymmetric reconnection with no guide field
Authors: Bessho N. , Chen L.-J. , Hesse M. , Wang S.
Published: July 2017

Electron distribution functions in the electron diffusion region in asymmetric reconnection without a guide field are studied by means of theory and 2-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The effect of the reconnection electric field on crescent-shaped distribution functions is to broaden the thickness of the crescent. We express the thickness of the crescent as a function of field strengths, the distance from the X-line, and the time electrons spend executing meandering orbits. The electron distribution at the reconnection X-line exhibits a U-shaped structure with an opening angle in the direction of the reconnection electric field. We predict the opening angle of the U-shaped distribution by considering acceleration of the meandering electrons by the reconnection electric field. Results from particle tracing in PIC simulations and theoretical analysis agree. The above predictions provide guidance to interpret measurements by spacecraft from electron diffusion regions in asymmetric reconnection.
Comparative study of the exciton binding energies of thin and ultrathin organic-inorganic perovskites due to dielectric mismatch effects
Authors: Zahra Haitham , Hichri Aïda , Jaziri Sihem
Published: July 2017

Multi-quantum well organic-inorganic perovskites offer an approach to tunable exciton binding energies based on well-barrier dielectric mismatches, that is, the image-charge effect. As with other two-dimensional materials, ultrathin exfoliated perovskites are highly sensitive to their dielectric environments. We investigate ultrathin crystalline two-dimensional van der Waals layers of organic-inorganic perovskite crystals adjacent to the surface of a substrate. The exciton binding energies are strongly influenced by the surrounding dielectric environment. The Keldysh model describes this dependence. We compare our binding-energy results with data in the (C6H13NH3)2PbI4 perovskite and estimate binding-energy values for (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4.
Stabilizing low-frequency oscillation with two-stage filter in Hall thrusters
Authors: Wei Liqiu , Han Liang , Ding Yongjie , Yu Daren , Zhang Chaohai
Published: July 2017

The use of a filter is the most common method to suppress low-frequency discharge current oscillation in Hall thrusters. The only form of filter in actual use involves RLC networks, which serve the purpose of reducing the level of conducted electromagnetic interference returning to the power processing unit, which is the function of a filter. Recently, the role of the filter in the oscillation control was introduced. It has been noted that the filter regulates the voltage across itself according to the variation of discharge current so as to decrease its fluctuation in the discharge circuit, which is the function of a controller. Therefore, a kind of two-stage filter is proposed to fulfill these two purposes, filtering and controlling, and the detailed design methods are discussed and verified. A current oscillation attenuation ratio of 10 was achieved by different capacitance and inductance combinations of the filter stage, and the standard deviation of low-frequency oscillations decreased from 3 A–1 A by the control stage in our experiment.
Adsorption of finite semiflexible polymers and their loop and tail distributions
Authors: Kampmann Tobias A. , Kierfeld Jan
Published: July 2017

We discuss the adsorption of semiflexible polymers to a planar attractive wall and focus on the questions of the adsorption threshold for polymers of finite length and their loop and tail distributions using both Monte Carlo simulations and analytical arguments. For the adsorption threshold, we find three regimes: (i) a flexible or Gaussian regime if the persistence length is smaller than the adsorption potential range, (ii) a semiflexible regime if the persistence length is larger than the potential range, and (iii) for finite polymers, a novel crossover to a rigid rod regime if the deflection length exceeds the contour length. In the flexible and semiflexible regimes, finite size corrections arise because the correlation length exceeds the contour length. In the rigid rod regime, however, it is essential how the global orientational or translational degrees of freedom are restricted by grafting or confinement. We discuss finite size corrections for polymers grafted to the adsorbing surface and for polymers confined by a second (parallel) hard wall. Based on these results, we obtain a method to analyze adsorption data for finite semiflexible polymers such as filamentous actin. For the loop and tail distributions, we find power laws with an exponential decay on length scales exceeding the correlation length. We derive and confirm the loop and tail power law exponents for flexible and semiflexible polymers. This allows us to explain that, close to the transition, semiflexible polymers have significantly smaller loops and both flexible and semiflexible polymers desorb by expanding their tail length. The tail distribution allows us to extract the free energy per length of adsorption for actin filaments from experimental data [D. Welch et al., Soft Matter 11, 7507 (2015)].