bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization and outcomes of transcranial magnetic stimulation and usual care for MDD in a large group psychiatric practice
Authors: Bastiaens Jesse , Brown Natalie , Bermudes Richard A. , Juusola Jessie L. , Bravata Dena M. , Marton Tobias F.
Published: July 2024

Background

General psychiatrists’ practice standards vary regarding when to implement transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for care of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Furthermore, few studies have examined real-world utilization and clinical outcomes of TMS. This study analyzed data from a large, multi-site psychiatric practice to evaluate utilization and outcomes of TMS as well as usual care (UC) for patients with MDD.

Methods

Depression outcomes for TMS and UC among adult patients at a multi-site psychiatric group practice were examined in this retrospective cohort analysis. Patients with a primary diagnosis of MDD, PHQ-9 ≥ 10, and a visit in November 2020 with 6-month follow-up were included and categorized into the TMS or UC cohorts.

Results

Of 1,011 patients with qualifying PHQ-9 at the baseline visit, 9% (89) received a full course of TMS, and 583 patients receiving UC met study inclusion criteria (339 patients were excluded due to lacking a 6-month follow-up visit or receiving esketamine during the study period). The TMS cohort had higher baseline PHQ-9 than UC (17.9 vs. 15.5, p < .001) and had failed more medication trials (≥ 4 vs. 3.1, p < .001). Mean PHQ-9 decreased by 5.7 points (SD = 6.7, p < .001) in the TMS cohort and by 4.2 points (SD = 6.4, p < .001) in the UC cohort over the study period. Among patients who had failed four or more antidepressant medications, PHQ-9 decreased by 5.8 points in the TMS cohort (SD = 6.7, p < .001) and by 3.2 points in the UC cohort (SD = 6.3, p < .001).

Conclusions

TMS utilization was low, despite TMS showing significant real-world clinical benefits. Future research should examine and address barriers to wider adoption of TMS into routine patient care for patients with treatment-resistant MDD. Wider adoption including routine use of TMS in less treatment-resistant patients will allow statistical comparisons of outcomes between TMS and UC populations that are difficult to do when TMS is underutilized.
Prevalence and risk factors of human papilloma virus infection among women living with HIV, Egypt, a cross sectional study
Authors: Ashry Mona , Shawky Shaimaa , Mounir Zeinab , Fathy Fawzy , Elsayed Heba , Kamal Walid , Hassany Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Background

HPV is considered the most common sexually transmitted infection. It is responsible of 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. HIV infection is associated with increased rates of HPV infection. Women Living With HIV (WLWH) are 6 times at greater risk of developing cervical cancer. The current study aimed to estimate prevalence and identify genotypes of HPV infection among WLWH in Egypt compared to women with negative HIV status and determine associated risk factors.

Methods

The study conducted among 251 WLWH and 268 women with negative HIV status enrolled from gynecological clinics in primary health care centers from nine Egyptian governorates. Data was collected from participants using a structured interview questionnaire and cervical samples were collected for HPV DNA detection and genotyping.

Results

The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.5%, 3.4% among women with HIV negative status and 24.4% among WLWH. HR-HPVs other than genotype 16 and 18 were isolated from 71% of infected women. Woman’s age, age at first marriage, number of lifetime marriages and drug addiction are significant predictors for HPV infection (odds 0.96, 0.91, 2.06, 2.01 respectively).

Conclusion

HPV infection is more prevalent among WLWH. Infection with HR-HPV other than genotype 16 and 18 was the most prevalent among infected women in both groups. Young age, early life sexual activity, having more than one sexual partner during the life time, and drug addiction are independent predictors for HPV infection. Having a husband who has had other sexual partners is significantly associated with infection.
A cross-sectional survey of first-aid kit equipment in a family in Sichuan, China
Authors: Wen Dan , Wan Li , He Haiyan , Zhong Qianmei , Jiang Qingli , Yang Xiuru , Zhang Dan , Shen Yuqi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To examine residents’ first-aid kit preparation and its influencing factors.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 449 permanent residents in Sichuan Province using convenience sampling. We examined participants’ demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, health literacy, and personality.

Findings

Of the participants, 111 (24.7%) stocked a home first-aid kit. The most frequent supplies were disinfection supplies (91.9%), common medicines (86.5%), and dressing supplies (76.6%). Family per capita monthly income, medical expenses payment method, chronic diseases, general self-efficacy, and health literacy were influencing factors of family first-aid kit preparedness.

Conclusion

A multilevel and interactive emergency literacy education system should be established to improve residents’ abilities to prevent emergencies.
Safety and efficacy of tract embolization using gelatin sponge particles in reducing pneumothorax after CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in patients with emphysema
Authors: Yang Xiong , Cheng Hong-Tao , Huang Yue , Guo Yuan , Yuan Hang , Chen Yue-Qi , Li Hai-Liang
Published: July 2024

Background

The incidence of pneumothorax is higher in patients with emphysema who undergo percutaneous lung biopsy. Needle embolization has been shown to reduce the incidence of pneumothorax in patients with emphysema. Existing studies have reported small sample sizes of patients with emphysema, or the degree of emphysema has not been graded. Therefore, the efficacy of biopsy embolization in the prevention of pneumothorax induced by percutaneous pulmonary biopsy in patients with emphysema remains to be determined.

Methods

In this retrospective, controlled study, patients with emphysema who underwent CT-guided PTLB were divided into two groups: group A (n = 523), without tract embolization, and Group B (n = 504), with tract embolization. Clinical and imaging features were collected from electronic medical records and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pneumothorax and chest tube placement.

Results

The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic characteristics and complications other than pneumothorax. The incidence of pneumothorax and chest tube placement in group B was significantly lower than in group A (20.36% vs. 46.12%, p < 0.001; 3.95% vs. 9.18%, p < 0.001, respectively). In logistic regression analyses, variables affecting the incidence of pneumothorax and chest tube placement were the length of puncture of the lung parenchyma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.30, p = 0.001; OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30–1.85, p < 0.001, respectively), tract embolization (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.24–0.41, p < 0.001; OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22–0.69, p = 0.001, respectively), and grade of emphysema.

Conclusions

Tract embolization with gelatin sponge particles after CT-guided PTLB significantly reduced the incidence of pneumothorax and chest tube placement in patients with emphysema. Tract embolization, length of puncture of the lung parenchyma, and grade of emphysema were independent risk factors for pneumothorax and chest tube placement.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered.
Rosa × damascena Herrm. From Azaran region, Kashan: rich in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with inhibitory effect against Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Ghavam Mansureh
Published: July 2024

Background

One of the most widely used medicinal plants in Iranian traditional medicine, Rosa × damascena Herrm. (mohammadi flower) that the people of Kashan use as a sedative and to treat nervous diseases and constipation. In this research, the yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of this plant were evaluated for the first time from Azaran region, Kashan.

Methods

The essential oil was extracted by means of hydrodistillation (Clevenger), and its chemical compounds were identified and determined by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was determined by the diffusion method in agar, the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum concentration capable of killing bacterial/fungal microorganisms (MBC/MFC).

Results

The results showed that the yield of essential oil was 0.1586 ± 0.0331% (w/w). Based on the results of the chemical composition analysis of R. x damascena essential oil, 19 different compounds (98.96%) were identified. The dominant and main components of the essential oil were oleic acid (48.08%), palmitic acid (15.44%), stearic acid (10.17%), citronellol (7.37%) and nonadecane (3.70%). Based on the results of diffusion in agar, the highest zone of inhibition against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) was ~ 9.5 mm. The strongest inhibitory activity of R. x damascena essential oil against Gram-negative Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 43071) was with the diameter of the inhibition zone (~ 9 mm), which was equal to the strength of rifampin (~ 9 mm).

Conclusion

Therefore, this essential oil is a promising natural option rich in fatty acids, which can be a potential for the production of natural antimicrobials against infectious diseases, especially urinary tract infections.
Application of data-driven blended online-offline teaching in medicinal chemistry for pharmacy students: a randomized comparison
Authors: Zhao Yong-ming , Liu Si-si , Wang Jin
Published: July 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing a data-driven blended online-offline (DDBOO) teaching approach in the medicinal chemistry course.

Methods

A total of 118 third-year students majoring in pharmacy were enrolled from September 2021 to January 2022. The participants were randomly assigned to either the DDBOO teaching group or the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) group for medicinal chemistry. Pre- and post-class quizzes were administered, along with an anonymous questionnaire distributed to both groups to assess students’ perceptions and experiences.

Results

There was no significant difference in the pre-class quiz scores between the DDBOO and LBL groups (T=-0.637, P = 0.822). However, after class, the mean quiz score of the DDBOO group was significantly higher than that of the LBL group (T = 3.742, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the scores for learning interest, learning motivation, self-learning skill, mastery of basic knowledge, teamwork skills, problem-solving ability, innovation ability, and satisfaction, as measured by the questionnaire, were significantly higher in the DDBOO group than in the traditional group (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The DDBOO teaching method effectively enhances students’ academic performance and satisfaction. Further research and promotion of this approach are warranted.
Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance the writing of english academic papers by non-native english-speaking medical students - the educational application of ChatGPT
Authors: Li Jiakun , Zong Hui , Wu Erman , Wu Rongrong , Peng Zhufeng , Zhao Jing , Yang Lu , Xie Hong , Shen Bairong
Published: July 2024

Background

Academic paper writing holds significant importance in the education of medical students, and poses a clear challenge for those whose first language is not English. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of employing large language models, particularly ChatGPT, in improving the English academic writing skills of these students.

Methods

A cohort of 25 third-year medical students from China was recruited. The study consisted of two stages. Firstly, the students were asked to write a mini paper. Secondly, the students were asked to revise the mini paper using ChatGPT within two weeks. The evaluation of the mini papers focused on three key dimensions, including structure, logic, and language. The evaluation method incorporated both manual scoring and AI scoring utilizing the ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 models. Additionally, we employed a questionnaire to gather feedback on students’ experience in using ChatGPT.

Results

After implementing ChatGPT for writing assistance, there was a notable increase in manual scoring by 4.23 points. Similarly, AI scoring based on the ChatGPT-3.5 model showed an increase of 4.82 points, while the ChatGPT-4 model showed an increase of 3.84 points. These results highlight the potential of large language models in supporting academic writing. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between manual scoring and ChatGPT-4 scoring, indicating the potential of ChatGPT-4 to assist teachers in the grading process. Feedback from the questionnaire indicated a generally positive response from students, with 92% acknowledging an improvement in the quality of their writing, 84% noting advancements in their language skills, and 76% recognizing the contribution of ChatGPT in supporting academic research.

Conclusion

The study highlighted the efficacy of large language models like ChatGPT in augmenting the English academic writing proficiency of non-native speakers in medical education. Furthermore, it illustrated the potential of these models to make a contribution to the educational evaluation process, particularly in environments where English is not the primary language.
Peer creation and sharing of mnemonics in collaborative documents for pathology education: a pilot study
Authors: Romeike Bernd F. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Mnemonic techniques are memory aids that could help improve memory encoding, storage, and retrieval. Using the brain's natural propensity for pattern recognition and association, new information is associated with something familiar, such as an image, a structure, or a pattern. This should be particularly useful for learning complex medical information. Collaborative documents have the potential to revolutionize online learning because they could increase the creativity, productivity, and efficiency of learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of combining peer creation and sharing of mnemonics with collaborative online documents to improve pathology education.

Methods

We carried out a prospective, quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest pilot study. The intervention group was trained to create and share mnemonics in collaborative documents for pathological cases, based on histopathological slides. The control group compared analog and digital microscopy.

Results

Both groups consisted of 41 students and did not reveal demographic differences. Performance evaluations did not reveal significant differences between the groups' pretest and posttest scores. Our pilot study revealed several pitfalls, especially in instructional design, time on task, and digital literacy, that could have masked possible learning benefits.

Conclusions

There is a gap in evidence-based research, both on mnemonics and on CD in pathology didactics. Even though, the combination of peer creation and sharing of mnemonics is very promising from a cognitive neurobiological standpoint, and collaborative documents have great potential to promote the digital transformation of medical education and increase cooperation, creativity, productivity, and efficiency of learning. However, the incorporation of such innovative techniques requires meticulous instructional design by teachers and additional time for students to become familiar with new learning methods and the application of new digital tools to promote also digital literacy. Future studies should also take into account validated high-stakes testing for more reliable pre-posttest results, a larger cohort of students, and anticipate technical difficulties regarding new digital tools.
Integrating mixed reality preparation into acute coronary syndrome simulation for nursing students: a single-group pretest-posttest study
Authors: Moon Sun-Hee , Jeong Hyeonjin , Choi Mi Jin
Published: July 2024

Background

Timely and effective intervention within the ‘golden hour’—the critical first 90 min after the symptom onset—is crucial for initiating life-saving treatment and reducing mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This highlights the need for nursing students to be proficient in ACS care, emphasizing the importance of preparatory training. This study enhanced traditional simulation methods by integrating a mixed reality (MR) preparation step, offering a more immersive learning experience. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating MR preparation into ACS simulation education, focusing on enhancements in knowledge, self-confidence in learning, and self-efficacy in learning. Additionally, we examined performance, practice immersion, and satisfaction to comprehensively evaluate the MR application.

Methods

One-group pretest-posttest design was implemented in a convenience sample of thirty-nine senior nursing students from a university in South Korea in August 2022. We developed a simulation program integrating MR preparation into ACS simulation (IMRP-ACSS), which was validated through expert review for content validity. The students participated in the simulation program over six hours across two days, including a 40-minute individual session of MR-based simulation preparation using head-mounted displays (the HoloLens 2). Individual changes in knowledge, self-confidence in learning, and self-efficacy in learning evaluated by the survey were analyzed using paired t-tests. Additionally, group performance assessed using the checklist was analyzed. Immersion and satisfaction were measured with a tool and a 10-point Likert scale, respectively.

Results

Individually, participants demonstrated significantly increased knowledge (t = 11.87, p < .001), self-confidence in learning (t = 7.17, p < .001), and self-efficacy in learning (t = 4.70, p < .001) post-education. Group performance yielded a mean score of 56.43/70 ± 7.45. Groups scored higher in electrocardiogram interpretation, patient safety, and heparin administration. Participants reported a practice immersion level of 37.82/50 ± 9.13 and expressed satisfaction with the program, achieving an average score of 8.85/10 ± 1.35.

Conclusion

Integrating MR preparation into ACS simulation enhanced nursing students’ knowledge, self-confidence in learning, and self-efficacy in ACS care, providing a replicable and immersive learning experience. This method is an effective addition to nursing education, preparing students through comprehensive, technology-enhanced training.
Wounded healer nurses: a qualitative content analysis of the positive traits of nurses affected by chronic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Foodani Mahdi Nabi , Zakerimoghadam Masoumeh , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Dolatabadi Zahra Abbasi
Published: July 2024

Background

The wounded healer concept refers to healthcare providers who, in the past, have had similar experiences to those of their clients and now draw on these challenging experiences to assist their clients. This study explored the positive traits of nurses with chronic cardiovascular diseases who transitioned to wounded healers.

Methods

A qualitative content analysis study was conducted within hospitals in Tehran, Iran, between November 2023 and March 2024. Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling method in accordance with the study objectives and inclusion criteria. The data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Twenty-three participants, comprising 16 females and 7 males, participated in the interviews. Data analysis was conducted by employing a qualitative content analysis approach, including creating codes, subcategories, generic categories, and main categories. MAXQDA v20 software was utilized to facilitate the analysis process.

Results

The data analysis revealed one main category that aligned with the research question: the positive traits of a wounded healer nurse, consisting of three generic categories: (1) traits related to interpersonal and professional relationships; (2) traits related to the professional dimension; and (3) traits related to the personal dimension. wounded healer nurses demonstrate positive traits that enhance patient care.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have important implications for nursing practice and education. By identifying the positive traits exhibited by nurses as wounded healers affected by chronic cardiovascular diseases, nursing programs can emphasize and strengthen these qualities to convert challenges into opportunities and bridge the theory-practice gap.
Sleep disorder experienced by healthcare nurses after terminating Zero-COVID-19 policy
Authors: Su Minyi , Feng Mingzhu , Pan Wanling , Huang Xuelan , Pan Lei , Zhu Yanling , Wang Le , Mofatteh Mohammad , Dmytriw Adam A , Liang Dongxia , Wang Shuling , Liang Wanyi , Chen Yu , Chen Yimin , Yao Weiping , Tang Qiubi
Published: July 2024

Objective

Medical staff, especially nurses, suffered great anxiety and stress from the COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively affected their sleep quality. In this study, we aimed to analyze the sleep quality of nursing staff after terminating the Zero-COVID-19 policy in China.

Methods

506 participants were involved in our study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep status of the participants. Binary regression was performed to evaluate the impact factors related to sleep difficulty.

Results

The majority of participants (96.44%) suffered from sleep disturbances. There were significant differences in age, education level and front-line activity between participants with good sleep quality and sleep difficulty. Younger age (16–25 years old) was independently associated with less sleep difficulty, while front-line activity was independently associated with severe sleep difficulty.

Conclusion

Sleep disorder was very common among nurses after ending the Zero-COVID-19 policy in China. More front-line nurses suffered severe sleep difficulty in particular, which should be worthy of attention.
Implementation of social needs screening for minoritized patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer: a mixed methods evaluation in a pragmatic patient navigation trial
Authors: Lemon Stephenie C. , LeClair Amy M. , Christenson Erika , Amburgey Deborah , FitzGerald Madyson , Cabral Howard , Lloyd-Travaglini Chris , Clark Cheryl R. , Wang Feng Qing , Ross Joellen , Ohrenberger Ellen , Haas Jennifer S. , Freund Karen N. , Battaglia Tracy A. , James Ted A. , Shenkel Jessica , Gershman Susan T. , Kennedy Mark , Levine Anne , Warner Erica T. , Ko Naomi Y. , Amburgey Debi , Vance Julia , Xiao Victoria , Zhao Tony , Cabral Howard J. , Chen Clara , Lloyd-Travaglini Christine , Dugas Julianne , Contreras Magnolia , Freedman Rachel A. , White Karen Burns , Gunn Christine , Moy Beverly , Marotta Caylin , Wint Amy J , Parsons Susan K. , Rajabiun Serena ,   the TRIP Consortium [representative Tracy A. Battaglia
Published: July 2024

Background

Social needs inhibit receipt of timely medical care. Social needs screening is a vital part of comprehensive cancer care, and patient navigators are well-positioned to screen for and address social needs. This mixed methods project describes social needs screening implementation in a prospective pragmatic patient navigation intervention trial for minoritized women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.

Methods

Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) was conducted at five cancer care sites in Boston, MA from 2018 to 2022. The patient navigation intervention protocol included completion of a social needs screening survey covering 9 domains (e.g., food, transportation) within 90 days of intake. We estimated the proportion of patients who received a social needs screening within 90 days of navigation intake. A multivariable log binomial regression model estimated the adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of patient socio-demographic characteristics and screening delivery. Key informant interviews with navigators (n = 8) and patients (n = 21) assessed screening acceptability and factors that facilitate and impede implementation. Using a convergent, parallel mixed methods approach, findings from each data source were integrated to interpret study results.

Results

Patients’ (n = 588) mean age was 59 (SD = 13); 45% were non-Hispanic Black and 27% were Hispanic. Sixty-nine percent of patients in the navigators’ caseloads received social needs screening. Patients of non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (aRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.06–1.48) and those with Medicare insurance (aRR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.04–1.23) were more likely to be screened. Screening was universally acceptable to navigators and generally acceptable to patients. Systems-based supports for improving implementation were identified.

Conclusions

Social needs screening was acceptable, yet with modest implementation. Continued systems-based efforts to integrate social needs screening in medical care are needed.
The association of travel burden with prenatal care utilization, what happens after provider-selection
Authors: Deng Songyuan , Chen Yuche , Bennett Kevin J.
Published: July 2024

Background

Birthing people in the United States face numerous challenges when accessing adequate prenatal care (PNC), with transportation being a significant obstacle. Nevertheless, previous studies that relied solely on the distance to the nearest provider cannot differentiate the effects of travel burden on provider selection and care utilization. These may exaggerate the degree of inequality in access and fail to capture perceived travel burden. This study investigated whether travel distances to the initially visited provider, to the predominant PNC provider, and perceived travel burden (measured by the travel disadvantage index (TDI)) are associated with PNC utilization.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of people with live births were identified from South Carolina Medicaid claims files in 2015–2018. Travel distances were calculated using Google Maps. The estimated TDI was derived from local pilot survey data. PNC utilization was measured by PNC initiation and frequency. Repeated measure logistic regression test was utilized for categorical variables and one-way repeated measures ANOVA for continuous variables. Unadjusted and adjusted ordinal logistic regressions with repeated measure were utilized to examine the association of travel burdens with PNC usage.

Results

For 25,801 pregnancies among those continuously enrolled in Medicaid, birthing people traveled an average of 24.9 and 24.2 miles to their initial and predominant provider, respectively, with an average TDI of -11.4 (SD, 8.5). Of these pregnancies, 60% initiated PNC in the first trimester, with an average of 8 total visits. Compared to the specialties of initial providers, predominant providers were more likely to be OBGYN-related specialists (81.6% vs. 87.9%, p < .001) and midwives (3.5% vs. 4.3%, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that every doubling of travel distance was associated with less likelihood to initiate timely PNC (OR: 0.95, p < .001) and a lower visit frequency (OR: 0.85, p < .001), and every doubling of TDI was associated with less likelihood to initiate timely PNC (OR: 0.94, p = .04).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that the association between travel burden and PNC utilization was statistically significant but of limited practical significance.
High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cats recently exposed to human cases
Authors: Daigle Laurence , Khalid Hattaw , Gagnon Carl A. , Arsenault Julie , Bienzle Dorothee , Bisson Sarah-Kim , Blais Marie-Claude , Denis-Robichaud José , Forest Caroline , Grenier St-Sauveur Valérie , Koszegi Marika , MacNicol Jennifer , Nantel-Fortier Nicolas , Nury Charlotte , Prystajecky Natalie , Fraser Erin , Carabin Hélène , Aenishaenslin Cécile
Published: July 2024

Background

The primary objective of this cross-sectional study, conducted in Québec and Bristish Columbia (Canada) between February 2021 and January 2022, was to measure the prevalence of viral RNA in oronasal and rectal swabs and serum antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) amongst cats living in households with at least one confirmed human case. Secondary objectives included a description of potential risk factors for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and an estimation of the association between the presence of viral RNA in swabs as well as SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical signs. Oronasal and rectal swabs and sera were collected from 55 cats from 40 households at most 15 days after a human case confirmation, and at up to two follow-up visits. A RT-qPCR assay and an ELISA were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs and serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, respectively. Prevalence and 95% Bayesian credibility intervals (BCI) were calculated, and associations were evaluated using prevalence ratio and 95% BCI obtained from Bayesian mixed log-binomial models.

Results

Nine (0.16; 95% BCI = 0.08–0.28) and 38 (0.69; 95% BCI = 0.56–0.80) cats had at least one positive RT-qPCR and at least one positive serological test result, respectively. No risk factor was associated with the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies. The prevalence of clinical signs suggestive of COVID-19 in cats, mainly sneezing, was 2.12 (95% BCI = 1.03–3.98) times higher amongst cats with detectable viral RNA compared to those without.

Conclusions

We showed that cats develop antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 when exposed to recent human cases, but detection of viral RNA on swabs is rare, even when sampling occurs soon after confirmation of a human case. Moreover, cats with detectable levels of virus showed clinical signs more often than cats without signs, which can be useful for the management of such cases.
The common bisulfite-conversion-based techniques to analyze DNA methylation in human cancers
Authors: Jeddi Farhad , Faghfuri Elnaz , Mehranfar Sahar , Soozangar Narges
Published: July 2024

DNA methylation is an important molecular modification that plays a key role in the expression of cancer genes. Evaluation of epigenetic changes, hypomethylation and hypermethylation, in specific genes are applied for cancer diagnosis. Numerous studies have concentrated on describing DNA methylation patterns as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis monitoring and predicting response to cancer therapy. Various techniques for detecting DNA methylation status in cancers are based on sodium bisulfite treatment. According to the application of these methods in research and clinical studies, they have a number of advantages and disadvantages. The current review highlights sodium bisulfite treatment-based techniques, as well as, the advantages, drawbacks, and applications of these methods in the evaluation of human cancers.
Optimization of concentrations of different n-3PUFAs on antioxidant capacity in mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Wang Shuting , Bai Huasong , Liu Tong , Yang Jiayi , Wang Zhanzhong
Published: July 2024

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), possess antioxidant properties and play a crucial role in growth and development. However, the combined effects of ALA, EPA, and DHA at different concentrations have rarely been reported. This work explored the effects of EPA, ALA, and DHA on the viability and antioxidant capacity of mouse hepatocytes, with the objective of enhancing the antioxidant capacity. Within the appropriate concentration range, cell viability and the activity of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were increased, while the oxidation products of malondialdehyde and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species were obviously reduced. Thus, oxidative stress was relieved, and cellular antioxidant levels were improved. Finally, response surface optimization was carried out for EPA, ALA, and DHA, and the model was established. The antioxidant capacity of the cells was highest at EPA, ALA, and DHA concentrations of 145.46, 405.05, and 551.52 µM, respectively. These findings lay the foundation for further exploration of the interactive mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs in the body, as well as their applications in nutraceutical food.
Unveiling myocardial microstructure shifts: exploring the impact of diabetes in stable CAD patients through CMR T1 mapping
Authors: Boros Gustavo André Boeing , Hueb Whady , Rezende Paulo Cury , Rochitte Carlos Eduardo , Nomura Cesar Higa , Lima Eduardo Gomes , de Oliveira Laterza Ribeiro Matheus , Dallazen Anderson Roberto , Garcia Rosa Maria Rahmi , Ramires Jose Antonio Franchini , Kalil-Filho Roberto
Published: July 2024

Background

This study investigates myocardial structural changes in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) strain and T1 mapping.

Methods

A total of 155 stable CAD patients underwent CMR examination, including left ventricular (LV) morphology and function assessment, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and feature tracking (CMR-FT) for LV global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain. T1 mapping with extracellular volume (ECV) evaluation was also performed.

Results

Among the enrolled patients, 67 had T2D. Diabetic patients exhibited impaired LV strain and higher ECV compared to non-diabetics. Multivariate analysis identified T2D as an independent predictor of increased ECV and decreased strain.

Conclusions

CMR-based strain and T1 mapping highlighted impaired myocardial contractility, elevated ECV, and potential interstitial fibrosis in diabetic patients with stable CAD. This suggests a significant impact of diabetes on myocardial health beyond CAD, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive assessment in these individuals.

Trial registration

http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN09454308
INFLA score: a novel inflammatory marker for assessing cardiometabolic disease risk in obese individuals
Authors: Liu Shuke , Gu Yan
Published: July 2024

Background

The low-grade inflammation score (INFLA-score) is a composite index that assesses chronic inflammatory status using multiple inflammatory markers. However, its correlation with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in obese populations remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 79,160 participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) from the UK Biobank. The INFLA-score was calculated based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, platelet count and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio. We employed Kaplan–Meier survival curves, multivariable Cox regression, restricted cubic splines and accelerated time-to-failure models to analyse the association between the INFLA-score and CMDs risk, including coronary heart disease (CAD), stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Results

Over a median follow-up of 161.41 months, we recorded 14,903 CMDs events, comprising 7184 CAD cases, 1914 strokes and 7924 T2DM cases. Cox regression analysis revealed that each unit increase in the INFLA-score corresponded to a 1.5%, 1.1%, 1.2% and 2.4% increase CMDs risk (HR: 1.015, 95% CI 1.013–1.018), CAD risk (HR: 1.011, 95% CI 1.007–1.015), stroke risk (HR: 1.012, 95% CI 1.004–1.020) and T2DM risk (HR: 1.024, 95% CI 1.020–1.028), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a non-linear relationship between cumulative INFLA-score and CMDs risk (P = 0.044). Subgroup analysis revealed interactions between sex, age, history of lipid-lowering drug use, and INFLA-score regarding CMDs risk. Sensitivity analysis corroborated the main findings.

Conclusion

Our findings strongly support the close association between INFLA-score and CMDs risk, particularly notable in women, those aged < 55, and individuals with a history of lipid-lowering drug use. These findings offer new insights into the role of inflammation in obesity-related CMDs, suggesting potential applications for prevention and identification of high-risk populations.
Efficacy of tibial cortex transverse transport in treating diabetic foot ulcer and its effect on serum omentin-1 and irisin levels
Authors: Wen Yang , Chen Liyuan , Lan Jiaping , Li Lei
Published: July 2024

Objective

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes that is associated with an increased risk of lower-limb amputation and a reduced life expectancy. Tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) has become a newly alternative surgical method to facilitate ulcer healing and prevent lower limb amputation. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of TTT in treating DFU and changes of serum omentin-1 and irisin levels.

Methods

This study prospectively recruited 52 consecutive patients with DFU who were treated with TTT. The follow-up was performed weekly during the first 12 weeks postoperatively and every 3 months until 1 year after TTT. The serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), omentin-1, and irisin in DFU patients undergoing TTT were determined by ELISA methods on the preoperative 1st day, postoperative 2nd week and 4th week.

Results

The wound healing rate was 92.3% (48/52) at the 1-year follow-up. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores of patients showed a significant reduction at the 4th week after TTT (p < 0.001). The dorsal foot skin temperature, ankle brachial index, and dorsal foot blood flow of patients were significantly increased at the 4th week after TTT (p < 0.001). Results of ELISA methods showed the serum levels of VEGF, omentin-1, and irisin on the 2nd week and 4th week after TTT were notably elevated compared to the levels determined on the preoperative 1st day (p < 0.001). The serum levels of VEGF, omentin-1, and irisin on the 4th week after TTT were also significantly higher than the levels determined on the 2nd week after TTT (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

TTT could promote the wound healing and reduce the risk of lower limb amputation, demonstrating promising clinical benefits in the treatment of DFU. Increased expressions of serum proangiogenic factors including VEGF, omentin-1, and irisin were noted in the early stage after TTT, which may provide a new mechanism of TTT promoting wound heal.
Self-adaptive alternating direction method of multiplier for a fourth order variational inequality
Authors: Wu Jia , Zhang Shougui
Published: July 2024

We propose an alternating direction method of multiplier for approximation solution of the unilateral obstacle problem with the biharmonic operator. We introduce an auxiliary unknown and augmented Lagrangian functional to deal with the inequality constrained, and we deduce a constrained minimization problem that is equivalent to a saddle-point problem. Then the alternating direction method of multiplier is applied to the corresponding problem. By using iterative functions, a self-adaptive rule is used to adjust the penalty parameter automatically. We show the convergence of the method and give the penalty parameter approximation in detail. Finally, the numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Common best proximity point theorems in Hausdorff topological spaces
Authors: Sreelakshmi Unni A. , Pragadeeswarar V.
Published: July 2024

In the present paper, we have obtained common best proximity point theorems of nonself maps in Hausdorff topological space. Further, our results extend the results due to Gerald F. Jungck, thereby proving a generalized version of Kirk’s theorem (J. London Math. 1(1):107–111, 1969).
Bitsadze-Samarsky type problems with double involution
Authors: Muratbekova Moldir , Karachik Valery , Turmetov Batirkhan
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the solvability of a new class of nonlocal boundary value problems for the Poisson equation is studied. Nonlocal conditions are specified in the form of a connection between the values of the unknown function at different points of the boundary. In this case, the boundary operator is determined using matrices of involution-type mappings. Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the studied problems are proved. Using Green’s functions of the classical Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems, Green’s functions of the studied problems are constructed and integral representations of solutions to these problems are obtained.
Situs inversus partialis (levocardia): an incidental discovery of an extremely rare case during the autopsy of a female with suicidal poisoning
Authors: Kanani Jayeshkumar , Sheikh Mohammed Iliyas
Published: July 2024

Background

Situs inversus is a rare congenital anomaly. In this condition, the abdominal and chest organs are positioned in reverse, a mirror image of the normal anatomical position. It is divided into two categories. 1. Situs inversus totalis, in which the apex of the heart points toward the right side. 2. Situs inversus partialis or incompletus, in which the apex of the heart points toward the left side. Situs inversus totalis is present in 1 per 10,000 to 50,000 individuals of the general population, whereas situs inversus partialis is a much rarer condition and is present in 1 per 2,000,000 individuals of the general population. The term situs ambiguous is also used for the arrangement of organs and vessels in an unordered manner.

Case presentation

In this paper, we present an extraordinary case of situs inversus partialis discovered incidentally during the autopsy of a female body with a documented history of suicidal poisoning. This unique finding sheds light on the diagnostic challenges and implications of situs inversus partialis, especially in patients with underlying medical conditions.

Conclusions

This report underscores the importance of thorough and systematic investigations during autopsy examinations to identify and comprehend rare anatomical anomalies that may otherwise remain unnoticed. Increased awareness of such rare congenital anomalies may contribute to a better understanding of their prevalence and potential clinical implications for healthcare professionals and researchers.
Inter-observer and inter-modality concordance of non-contrast MR angiography and CT angiography for preoperative assessment of potential renal donors
Authors: Elmokadem Ali H. , Ouda Mohamed A. , Amer Talal , El-Diasty Tarek A. , Zaki Mona
Published: July 2024

Background

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is rapidly being employed as an effective substitute for CTA, particularly in situations of poor kidney function. We aimed to examine the inter-observer and inter-modality reliability of non-contrast MR angiography (NC-MRA) and CTA as a non-invasive tool for assessing the anatomical findings of potential living kidney donors.

Results

All potential donors were referred from specialized kidney transplantation center and underwent NC-MRA of the renal arteries using a respiratory-triggered magnetization prepared 3D balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) with inversion recovery pulses and fat saturation (Inhance 3D Inflow Inversion Recovery (IFIR)). Two experienced radiologists reviewed NC-MRA images and were asked to evaluate both renal arteries anatomy and their branching pattern, presence of accessory or aberrant renal arteries, and identify any anatomical variant. Lin’s correlation test was performed to test MRA readings by each of the two observers against CTA findings which considered as the gold standard for assessment of renal arteries. Additionally, observers were asked to assess the image quality. The study included 60 potential kidney donors (43 males and 17 females) with mean age ± SD of 31.3 ± 5.6 years. Excellent to very good inter-observer agreement was found between both observers in the assessment of renal arteries by NC-MRA. There was perfect concordance between MRA and CTA findings in detecting early arterial division, caliber, and length of left extra-parenchymal segmental branches. Moderate concordance was found in the assessment of the supplied segments of extra-parenchymal segmental renal arterial branches and substantial concordance between both MRA observers’ findings in the remaining variables of the study. There was excellent agreement between both observers in the assessment of image quality parameters.

Conclusions

NC-MRA for the renal arteries is an effective alternative for CTA without the risks of radiation or contrast media.
Predicting the probability of osteoporotic fracture risk in men versus women: do we need specific reference interventional thresholds for men?
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , Elgaafary Maha , Gadallah Naglaa , Mahran Safaa , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , Hassan Waleed , Elwakil Walaa
Published: July 2024

Background

Gender differences in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis is a relatively common phenomenon, particularly amongst those patients under 80 years of age presenting with fragility fractures. The clinical implications of these findings are that strategies, which tend to focus on osteoporosis management in women, should also pay enough attention to osteoporosis in men. However, there have been questions whether there is a gender difference when setting intervention thresholds for osteoporosis management. This work was carried out aiming to determine the fracture probabilities calculated by FRAX at which therapeutic intervention in older men and women can be considered.

Results

Assessment of fracture risk probability thresholds in men revealed that for hip fractures, ROC was 0.754 (95% CI: 0.69–0.817). The sensitivity was 80.5% for threshold probabilities of 2.5%. For the major osteoporosis fracture, ROC was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.694–0.963). The sensitivity was 87.5% for threshold probabilities of 10%. Assessment of fracture risk probability threshold in women ROC was 0.760 (95% CI: 0.691–0.83). The sensitivity was 76.1% for threshold probabilities of 3%. For major osteoporosis fracture, ROC was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.784–0.912). The sensitivity was 87.3% for threshold probabilities of 15%.

Conclusion

Operational aspects of osteoporosis management should consider gender specific fracture thresholds. Interventional thresholds were found to be different in men compared to women. This helps to optimise fracture prevention in older men.
Corrosion behavior of combination of laser beam welded UNS S32304 + SS304L in 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Poornima Chodagam Lakshmi , Rao Chalamalasetti Srinivasa , Varma Dantuluri Narendra
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of laser beam-welded UNS S32304 and SS304L in 3.5% NaCl solutions, focusing on the effects of temperature. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of corrosion resistance in welded materials and inspire advancements in corrosion mitigation strategies. The methodology involves assessing corrosion resistance under varying temperatures and comparing the performance of laser beam welding (LBW) with that of the base metals. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals effective passivation, while quantitative analysis indicates differences in chloride ion coverage between the weld metal and base metals. Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate enhanced corrosion potential and improved barrier properties for the weld metal. Results indicate a marginal reduction in corrosion resistance at 50 °C for both base metals. LBW metals corrosion resistance demonstrates superior performance, with only 5% reduction in breakdown potential compared to 10% in base metals. Compared to the base metal, it exhibits a substantial reduction in corrosion rate, ranging from 60 to 75%. This supports enhanced corrosion resistance and material stability. Additionally, similar results are observed after the analysis with scanning electron microscopy images, reinforcing the efficacy of LBW in improving corrosion resistance of LBW UNS S32304 and SS304L. These findings underscore the potential of LBW for applications requiring robust corrosion performance. By contributing to the understanding of the corrosion behavior of laser beam-welded materials, this study addresses a critical research gap in material science and corrosion engineering. Future research may explore long-term durability and corrosion resistance under diverse environmental conditions to further elucidate the mechanisms driving the observed differences in corrosion behavior.