bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkaptonuric Ochronosis
Authors: Lal Mukand , Thakur Manoj , Kashyap Sandeep
Published: December 2014

Alkaptonuria, with its sequel, ochronosis, is a rare disease, with an incidence of 1:125,000 to 1:1 million worldwide. Reported cases of ochronotic arthropathy and other orthopedic manifestations are mostly limited to a single family tree, and few cases have been reported. This study highlights 9 previously unreported patients with sporadic presentation and varied orthopedic manifestations of alkaptonuria. Patient age ranged from 34 to 50 years. One patient who had severe arthropathy of the right hip joint along with subcutaneous nodules over both knees and Achilles tendons underwent total hip replacement. Another patient had intramedullary calcification of the femur. An additional patient had associated caries of the spine at L3, L4, and L5, with resolution of symptoms after antitubercular chemotherapy. Another patient had associated features of hyperthyroidism, which was an incidental finding. A further patient had nonunion fracture of the neck of the femur and underwent total hip replacement. The remaining 4 patients had typical features of low backache and arthritis of the large joints. The parents were nonconsanguineous, and only 2 patients had affected siblings. The remaining 7 patients had sporadic nonfamilial presentation. Diagnosis was established by typical clinical and radiologic findings and biochemical analysis. At 2 years of follow-up, both patients who underwent total hip replacement were normal, with no radiologic signs of loosening or lysis. Clinicians need a high index of suspicion and awareness to make the diagnosis of ochronosis. The current study is unique because of presentation with subcutaneous nodules in 1 patient and associated caries of the spine in another patient. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(12):e1141–e1149.]
The Diagnostic Value of Pedobarography
Authors: Choi Young Rak , Lee Ho Seong , Kim Dong Eun , Lee Dong Ho , Kim Jong Min , Ahn Ji Yong
Published: December 2014

Pedobarography can quantify static and dynamic foot pressure. Despite an increase in the clinical use of pedobarography, the results and the clinical diagnosis do not always correlate, leading to confusion and misdiagnosis. The authors evaluated the potential of pedobarography to diagnose several diseases associated with abnormal pressure across the plantar surface. The study included 72 patients (96 cases) between January 2009 and August 2012 with symptoms of excessive plantar pressure. The average age was 50.9 years (range, 18–92). Patients had the lesion for an average of 17 months (range, 8–29). Pedobarographic measurements were used to evaluate the compatibility between the highest pressure on pedobarography and the clinical peak pressure with plantar ulcers or calluses. Maximal peak pressure was evaluated by static and dynamic measurements using numeric and graphic measurements in pedobarography. The diagnostic validity of pedobarography was analyzed by comparing clinical peak pressure and pedobarographic measurements. The diagnostic validity of pedobarography was 17.7% to 51% for static measurement and 13.5% to 49% for dynamic measurement. The diagnostic validity of pedobarography was low for intractable plantar keratosis and metatarsal head callus associated with metatarsophalangeal dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis. However, it was 57% to 100% for Charcot arthropathy with midfoot ulcers. When used to compare numeric pressure and graphic peak pressure for each part of the foot, pedobarography showed low diagnostic correlation. Based on the study results, the diagnostic validity of pedobarography is low. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(12):e1063–e1067.]
Analysis of Risk Factors for Femoral Head Necrosis After Internal Fixation in Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Wang Tao , Sun Jun-Ying , Zha Guo-Chun , Jiang Tao , You Zhen-Jun , Yuan De-Jing
Published: December 2014

Femoral head necrosis is a rare but devastating complication following femoral neck fracture. The reported incidence of avascular necrosis after femoral neck fracture fixation varies widely, and there is no consensus regarding its risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for femoral head necrosis after internal fixation in femoral neck fracture. This retrospective study included 166 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with surgical reduction and internal fixation at the authors’ institution from January 2004 to December 2008. Eight patients died for reasons unrelated to the surgery, and 12 patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 146 patients (146 fractures) were followed until union or until conversion to total hip arthroplasty. The patients included 61 males and 85 females with an average age of 47.5 years (range, 18–68 years). The authors analyzed the following factors: age, sex, Garden classification, reduction quality, surgical methods, injury-to-surgery interval, preoperative traction, weight-bearing time, and implant removal. All patients were followed for a mean of 52 months (range, 6–90 months). The incidence of femoral head necrosis was 14.4% (21/146). Garden classification (P=.012), reduction quality (P=.008), implant removal (P=.020), and preoperative traction (P=.003) were significantly associated with femoral head necrosis. Patient age (P=.990), sex (P=.287), injury-to-surgery interval (P=.360), weight-bearing time (P=.868), and surgical methods (P=.987) were not significantly associated with femoral head necrosis. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, implant removal was not a significant risk factor for femoral head necrosis development (P=.498). Garden classification, reduction quality, and preoperative traction had a significant effect on femoral head necrosis development. [Orthopedics.2014; 37(12):e1117–e1123.]
Intraprosthetic Dislocation of a Contemporary Dual-Mobility Design Used During Conversion THA
Authors: Odland Andrew N. , Sierra Rafael J.
Published: December 2014

Although dual-mobility sockets have been in clinical use for decades in other parts of the world, they recently gained popularity in the United States as an option for primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Improvements in dual-mobility socket technology include articulation with a metal insert impacted into a metal shell and a femoral head made of highly cross-linked polyethylene. The results and complications associated with the use of dual-mobility sockets employing these technologic advancements are not known. Specifically, intraprosthetic dislocation is a well-known complication of these implants and has been reported extensively in the literature. To the authors’ knowledge, its occurrence in a modern dual-mobility socket has not been reported. The authors report a case of early intraprosthetic dislocation of a contemporary dual-mobility design used to convert a patient to THA after failed fixation of intertrochanteric hip fracture. At retrieval, there was evidence that the outer bearing may have ceased moving, causing localized focal impingement of the implant neck on the retentive ring. The authors theorized that external hip impingement (pelvic against trochanter) and previous surgery that led to the formation of scar tissue could have caused the outer bearing surface to cease its motion. This ultimately led to impingement of the femoral component neck on the retentive ring, which led to the intraprosthetic dislocation. Dual-mobility cups provide an attractive option to decrease wear and improve stability. Further research is needed to establish the ideal construct design and materials. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(12):e1124–e1128.]
Pluralismo médico y medicina de la conversión: Fray Agustín Farfán y los agustinos en Nueva España, 1533-1610
Authors: Pardo-Tomás José
Published: December 2014

El artículo propone una interpretación de la obra médica de fray Agustín Farfán (ca.1531-1604) que se enmarca, por un lado, en el desarrollo de la medicina de la conversión en manos de la Orden de san Agustín y, por el otro, en el de una cultura médica novohispana marcada por un pluralismo de saberes y de prácticas sanadoras en continua negociación con los aspectos religiosos y, en consecuencia, en tensión dialéctica permanente entre las competencias de religiosos y sanadores en el ámbito de la salud y la enfermedad.
O movimento do carvoejamento na Amazônia oriental brasileira: a dinâmica da produção do carvão vegetal em Rondon do Pará
Authors: Brito Amaral Mayka Danielle
Published: December 2014

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica do carvoejamento na Amazônia oriental, especificamente no município de Rondon do Pará, localizado no sudeste do estado do Pará. Para tanto, utiliza-se como metodologia a análise documental de fontes secundárias, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente (SEMA), bem como, a análise de fontes primárias obtidas por meio de trabalhos de campo realizados nas carvoeiras de propriedades privadas e nas carvoeiras localizadas no interior dos assentamentos e acampamentos rurais de reforma agrária desse município. Esses procedimentos permitiram revelar a fragilidade dos órgãos governamentais no que se refere ao conhecimento, controle e fiscalização dessa atividade tanto em Rondon do Pará, quanto no próprio estado do Pará. A falta de conhecimento, controle e fiscalização do carvoejamento aponta para a produção ilegal do carvão vegetal, e para a expansão dessa atividade para os assentamentos e acampamentos rurais de reforma agrária, por meio do processo de monopolização do território realizado pelas indústrias siderúrgicas, produtoras do ferro-gusa.
Introdução aos territórios produtores de gemas: o caso brasileiro do nordeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Reys Aurélien
Published: December 2014

O objetivo desta crônica é apresentar as atividades e os diferentes atores que participam da exploração dos recursos gemíferos no nordeste de Minas Gerais. Considerada uma das maiores reservas de pedras preciosas do mundo, a área é uma oportunidade perfeita para o melhor entendimento deste tipo de indústria.
Virulence of Trypanosoma congolense strains isolated from cattle and African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Motloang Makhosazana Y. , Masumu Justin , Mans Ben J. , Latif Abdalla A.
Published: December 2014

Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax are major species that infect cattle in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Of the two genetically distinct types of T. congolense, Savannah and Kilifi sub-groups, isolated from cattle and tsetse flies in KZN, the former is more prevalent and thought to be responsible for African animal trypanosomosis outbreaks in cattle. Furthermore, variation in pathogenicity within the Savannah sub-group is ascribed to strain differences and seems to be related to geographical locations. The objective of the present study was to compare the virulence of T. congolense strains isolated from African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) inside Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, and from cattle on farms near wildlife parks (< 5 km), to isolates from cattle kept away (> 10 km) from parks. To obtain T. congolense isolates, blood of known parasitologically positive cattle or cattle symptomatically suspect with trypanosomosis, as well as isolates from buffaloes kept inside Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park were passaged in inbred BALB/c mice. A total of 26 T. congolense isolates were obtained: 5 from buffaloes, 13 from cattle kept near parks and 8 from cattle distant from parks. Molecular characterisation revealed 80% and 20% of isolates to belong to T. congolense Savannah and Kilifi, respectively. To compare virulence, each isolate was inoculated into a group of six mice. No statistical differences were observed in the mean pre-patent period, maximum parasitaemia or drop in packed cell volume (PCV). Significant differences were found in days after infection for the drop in PCV, the patent period and the survival time. These differences were used to categorise the isolates as being of high, moderate or low virulence. Based on the virulence, 12 of 26 (46%) isolates were classified as highly virulent and 27% each as either of moderate or of low virulence. Whilst 11 of 12 high virulent strains were from buffaloes or cattle near the park, only 1 of 7 low virulent strains was from these animals. All the Kilifi T. congolense types were less virulent than the Savannah types. These results confirmed the higher virulence of T. congolense Savannah type compared to Kilifi type and indicated the prevalence of highly virulent strains to be higher in wildlife parks and in cattle near the parks than on farms further away. The geographical location of these strains in relation to the wildlife parks in the area was discussed.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the sellar region treated with adjuvant radiation therapy
Authors: Sahai Puja , Singh Geetika , Mondal Dodul , Suri Vaishali , Julka Pramod
Published: November 2014

The solitary fibrous tumor of central nervous system is rare. Herein, a case of solitary fibrous tumor arising from sellar region is described. A 60-year-old man underwent subtotal excision of the tumor because of extensive infiltration of optical and vascular structures. In view of the presence of residual tumor, he was treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. After a follow-up period of 1 year, there was no progression of the lesion evident on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Solitary fibrous tumor should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion arising in sellar region. Immunohistochemistry with CD34 is valuable for discerning the diagnosis. Complete surgery should be the goal of treatment and adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered for residual or recurrent disease.
Revealing Biological Pathways Implicated in Lung Cancer from TCGA Gene Expression Data Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Cai Binghuang , Jiang Xia
Published: December 2014

Analyzing biological system abnormalities in cancer patients based on measures of biological entities, such as gene expression levels, is an important and challenging problem. This paper applies existing methods, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis, to pathway abnormality analysis in lung cancer using microarray gene expression data. Gene expression data from studies of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC) in The Cancer Genome Atlas project, and pathway gene set data from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze the relationship between pathways and phenotypes. Results, in the form of pathway rankings, indicate that some pathways may behave abnormally in LUSC. For example, both the cell cycle and viral carcinogenesis pathways ranked very high in LUSC. Furthermore, some pathways that are known to be associated with cancer, such as the p53 and the PI3K-Akt signal transduction pathways, were found to rank high in LUSC. Other pathways, such as bladder cancer and thyroid cancer pathways, were also ranked high in LUSC.
Supervised Classification by Filter Methods and Recursive Feature Elimination Predicts Risk of Radiotherapy-Related Fatigue in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Saligan Leorey N. , Fernández-Martínez Juan Luis , deAndrés-Galiana Enrique J. , Sonis Stephen
Published: December 2014

Background

Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer (CA) treatment. We used a novel analytical method to identify and validate a specific gene cluster that is predictive of fatigue risk in prostate cancer patients (PCP) treated with radiotherapy (RT).

Methods

A total of 44 PCP were categorized into high-fatigue (HF) and low-fatigue (LF) cohorts based on fatigue score change from baseline to RT completion. Fold-change differential and Fisher's linear discriminant analyses (LDA) from 27 subjects with gene expression data at baseline and RT completion generated a reduced base of most discriminatory genes (learning phase). A nearest-neighbor risk (k-NN) prediction model was developed based on small-scale prognostic signatures. The predictive model validity was tested in another 17 subjects using baseline gene expression data (validation phase).

Result

The model generated in the learning phase predicted HF classification at RT completion in the validation phase with 76.5% accuracy.

Conclusion

The results suggest that a novel analytical algorithm that incorporates fold-change differential analysis, LDA, and a k-NN may have applicability in predicting regimen-related toxicity in cancer patients with high reliability, if we take into account these results and the limited amount of data that we had at disposal. It is expected that the accuracy will be improved by increasing data sampling in the learning phase.
Non-parametric Bayesian mixture of sparse regressions with application towards feature selection for statistical downscaling
Authors: Das D. , Dy J. , Ross J. , Obradovic Z. , Ganguly A. R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Climate projections simulated by Global Climate Models (GCMs) are often used for assessing the impacts of climate change. However, the relatively coarse resolutions of GCM outputs often preclude their application to accurately assessing the effects of climate change on finer regional-scale phenomena. Downscaling of climate variables from coarser to finer regional scales using statistical methods is often performed for regional climate projections. Statistical downscaling (SD) is based on the understanding that the regional climate is influenced by two factors – the large-scale climatic state and the regional or local features. A transfer function approach of SD involves learning a regression model that relates these features (predictors) to a climatic variable of interest (predictand) based on the past observations. However, often a single regression model is not sufficient to describe complex dynamic relationships between the predictors and predictand. We focus on the covariate selection part of the transfer function approach and propose a nonparametric Bayesian mixture of sparse regression models based on Dirichlet process (DP) for simultaneous clustering and discovery of covariates within the clusters while automatically finding the number of clusters. Sparse linear models are parsimonious and hence more generalizable than non-sparse alternatives, and lend themselves to domain relevant interpretation. Applications to synthetic data demonstrate the value of the new approach and preliminary results related to feature selection for statistical downscaling show that our method can lead to new insights.
Calcium in edible insects and its use in human nutrition
Authors: Adámková Anna , Kouřimská Lenka , Borkovcová Marie , Mlček Jiří­ , Bednářová Martina
Published: November 2014

Calcium is one of the most problematic substances in human nutrition. Nutrition in the present population is not optimal, because of insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products. Due to the expanding interest of specialists and the general public about entomophagy, as well as increase of the EU interest in this type of food, there is a need to consider the use of edible insects as an alternative source of nutrition. From the perspective of edible insects as a source of calcium, edible insects could be considered as a possible source of calcium for enriching the diet and also as a substitute for people with lactose intolerance and allergies to other categories of foods rich in calcium. Of the six analysed species of edible insect, Bombyx mori had the highest calcium content, almost comparable to semi-skimmed cow's milk. Gryllus assimillis can also be a rich source of calcium as well as other analysed species. The lowest content of calcium was detected in Zophobas morio. Common meat (chicken, beef, pork) has lower calcium content comparing with all analysed species of edible insect (Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, Gryllus  assimillis, Locusta migratoria, Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio). Therefore, the selected species of edible insect could serve as an alternative source of calcium for people with lactose intolerance and allergies to soy. Phosphorus level in human body is closely related to calcium in the calcium-phosphate metabolism, therefore phosphorus level was detected in these samples too. Bombyx mori had the highest phosphorus content and the lowest content of phosphorus was measured in Zophobas morio samples.
Lutein in food supplements available on the markets of the Viszegrad countries
Authors: Šivel Miroslav , Fišera Miroslav , Klejdus Bořivoj , Kráčmar Stanislav , Kubáň Vlastimil , Golian Jozef , Svobodová Blanka
Published: November 2014

RP-HPLC method with UV-VIS detection was implemented for determination of contents of lutein in food supplements available on the markets in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. Altogether, 48 samples of food supplements in three dosage forms (22 samples of tablets, 18 samples of soft capsules, and 8 samples of hard capsules) were analysed. The amounts of lutein specified by the producer complied with their real contents only in 7 samples of the food supplements. Lutein in soft capsules showed the highest stability against oxidation; lutein in tablets was more prone to oxidation and lutein in hard capsules was most susceptible to oxidation process. Out of 21 Czech products, only four fell into the category of satisfactory products, three of them were soft capsules and one was a tablet. Out of 27 products manufactured abroad, only three were evaluated as satisfactory products, all of them were soft capsules, out of 48 analysed food supplement samples just seven fell into the category of satisfactory preparations, eight were evaluated as less satisfactory preparations, five were found inadequate products and 28 samples were labelled unsatisfactory. Only one in six analyzed samples contained the amount of lutein specified by the manufacturer, almost 60% of monitored lutein containing food supplement samples fell into the unsatisfactory product category.
Rand's Gender Politics
Authors: Gladstein Mimi Reisel
Published: December 2014

Although Ayn Rand and her philosophy have influenced many nascent feminists, particularly those of the individualist inclination, Rand was openly hostile to the feminist movement and declared that she would not vote for a woman for president. The author analyzes Rand's position and reasoning about a woman president, finding it contradictory to the rational principles Rand professed.
Rupture of undiagnosed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma after shock wave lithotripsy in an 11-year-old girl
Authors: Shin Yu Seob , Kim Young Gon , Jang Kyu Yun , Choi Hwang , Kim Hyung Jin
Published: November 2014

We present a case of a rupture of an undiagnosed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in an 11-year-old girl. Although SWL is generally regarded as safe, careful imaging before SWL is important to prevent life-threatening complications in children.
Prevalentie van ernstige misdrijven bij slachtoffer-daderbemiddeling
Authors: Schreurs Wendy , Zebel Sven , Ufkes Elze
Published: December 2014

The prevalence of serious crimes in Dutch VOM-cases

A debate exists in the literature about the question whether (different forms of) mediated contact between victims and offenders occur and are appropriate only after minor offenses. This contribution therefore examines whether a relationship exists between the seriousness of offenses and the degree to which in practice cases result in mediated contact, in the Dutch context. More specifically, we report the first findings of a study aimed to (a) examine the seriousness of cases that were registered at the foundation Slachtoffer in Beeld (Victim in Focus; responsible for the execution of mediated contacts between victims and offenders in the Netherlands), and (b) compare the seriousness of cases at this foundation that resulted in different forms of mediated contact (including cases in which no contact emerged). To this end, we sampled 200 cases from the data system of Victim in Focus in a random manner; consequently, the seriousness of each of these cases was coded. The mean duration of incarceration sentenced for specific offenses in the Netherlands was used as an (as objective as possible) indication of the seriousness of the offenses in these cases. The results indicated that the cases registered at Victim in Focus do not consist exclusively of minor offenses. A substantial part consists of more serious offenses, especially when this is compared to the prevalence of all (minor and serious) offenses in the Netherlands. In addition, we observed no relationship between the seriousness of cases and the form of mediated contact (or no contact) that emerged at Victim in Focus; mediated contact arose to the same degree for serious compared to minor offenses. The implications of these results for the debate mentioned above are discussed, taking into account the manner in which victim-offender mediation is organized in the Netherlands.
Restorative Transformative Learning en Partnergeweld
Authors: Weistra Dana , Pemberton Anthony
Published: December 2014

Restorative Transformative Learning and Intimate Partner Violence

Many articles have dealt with the question why restorative justice in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) may or may not be appropriate. Seeing however as a punitive approach towards IPV is rapidly losing popularity as an effective way of dealing with this complex type of violence, as well as the outcomes of a recent study by the European Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014) – where 25% of the Dutch women that were surveyed indicated they had experienced violence by an intimate partner – restorative justice may be a promising alternative after all.

Instead of adding to the debate, the current article focuses on how restorative justice can be constructed to be appropriate for IPV cases, and is explorative in nature. In order to do so, the theory behind transformative learning is combined with restorative justice practices, shifting the focus from ‘restoration’ to ‘restorative transformation’. Such a restorative transformative learning approach focuses on transforming violent meaning perspectives that dictate the use or toleration of violence. Instead of trying to restore the individual back to the state they were in before the violence took place – as ‘restoration’ traditionally implies – the goal of restorative transformative learning is to restore the individual back to a state before a violent meaning perspective was acquired. The transformation of violent meaning perspectives is therefore the prerequisite for restoration.

The method that is introduced in this article offers a practical framework and guidelines to achieve such a transformation. It answers to the complexity of IPV cases by focusing on the entire family system, while leaving room for individual restoration. In doing so, restorative transformative learning may possibly open the way to the acceptance of restorative justice in the field of IPV.
Human Papillomavirus Testing and Reporting Rates in 2012: Results of a College of American Pathologists National Survey
Authors: Zhao Chengquan , Moriarty Ann T. , Ghofrani Mohiedean , Husain Mujtaba , Tambouret Rosemary H. , Laucirica Rodolfo , Laser Alice , Fischer Andrew , Ocal Idris T. , Souers Rhona J. , Russell Donna K. , Fan Fang , Crothers Barbara A.
Published: December 2014

Context

College of American Pathologists (CAP) surveys are used to establish national benchmarks for laboratory parameters.

Objective

To evaluate changes in laboratory human papillomavirus (HPV) testing patterns in laboratories incorporating HPV testing with Papanicolaou tests in 2012.

Design

Data were analyzed from the CAP HPV Supplemental Questionnaire distributed to 1771 laboratories participating in either CAP HPV or CAP Papanicolaou proficiency testing in 2013.

Results

A total of 1022 laboratories (58%) responded. There were more high-risk (HR) HPV tests performed per institution as compared to previous surveys. There were more HPV tests performed within an institution as compared to previous surveys. Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) remains the most common method (42.4%, 239 of 564); Cervista and cobas methods are used in 37.2% (210 of 564) and 14.9% (84 of 564) of laboratories, respectively. Human papillomavirus testing is offered as a reflex test after a Papanicolaou test result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 89.6% of laboratories (476 of 531); as a cotest for women aged 30 years and older in 60.3% (404 of 531); as reflex testing after atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) in 42.7% (320 of 531); and as reflex testing after atypical glandular cells (AGC) in 27.3% (145 of 531). The HPV-positive rates for ASC-US and ASC-H were similar in 2012 and 2006. Cervista (49.2%, 88 of 179) and Roche cobas (27.4%, 49 of 179) are the most common methods used for genotyping. Most laboratories use the CAP Human Papillomavirus for Cytology Program for proficiency testing.

Conclusions

There was an increase in annual volume of HR-HPV testing with a shift toward in-house HR-HPV testing. Genotyping volumes also increased. HC2 and Cervista are most commonly used, with an increasing volume of Roche cobas testing. The most common indication for HPV testing among all laboratories was ASC-US reflex testing, but an increase in HPV cotesting was observed. The data provide an update into persisting and newer trends in HPV testing practices.
La dialogicidad como supuesto ontológico y epistemológico en Psicología Social: reflexiones a partir de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la Pedagogía de la Liberación
Authors: Accorssi Aline , Scarparo Helena , Pizzinato Adolfo
Published: November 2014

This article discusses the role of dialogicity in the construction of a critical and emancipatory Social Psychology from an interactionist or genetic perspective of the Social Representations Theory. For this purpose we establish connections between the Social Representations Theory of Serge Moscovici and the Pedagogy of Liberation of Paulo Freire. In general both theories consider dialogicity an existential condition of human beings, i.e., one that permeates the ontological, epistemological and ethical fields of human praxis. Said category does not deny the tension and conflict of human relations; on the contrary, it comprehends that these characteristics are what make it possible to articulate dialogical strategies for social change.
Spatial quality control bypasses cell-based limitations on proteostasis to promote prion curing
Authors: Klaips Courtney L , Hochstrasser Megan L , Langlois Christine R , Serio Tricia R
Published: December 2014

The proteostasis network has evolved to support protein folding under normal conditions and to expand this capacity in response to proteotoxic stresses. Nevertheless, many pathogenic states are associated with protein misfolding, revealing in vivo limitations on quality control mechanisms. One contributor to these limitations is the physical characteristics of misfolded proteins, as exemplified by amyloids, which are largely resistant to clearance. However, other limitations imposed by the cellular environment are poorly understood. To identify cell-based restrictions on proteostasis capacity, we determined the mechanism by which thermal stress cures the [PSI+]/Sup35 prion. Remarkably, Sup35 amyloid is disassembled at elevated temperatures by the molecular chaperone Hsp104. This process requires Hsp104 engagement with heat-induced non-prion aggregates in late cell-cycle stage cells, which promotes its asymmetric retention and thereby effective activity. Thus, cell division imposes a potent limitation on proteostasis capacity that can be bypassed by the spatial engagement of a quality control factor.
Peer Supportive Housing for Consumers of Housing First Who Experience Ongoing Housing Instability
Authors: Yamin Stephanie , Aubry Tim , Volk Jennifer , Jetté Jonathan , Bourque Jimmy , Crouse Susan
Published: December 2014

Housing First (HF) effectively houses the majority of homeless individuals suffering from mental illness; however, a small subset continues to struggle with unstable housing. This paper describes a supportive housing pilot program developed at the Moncton site of the At Home / Chez Soi demonstration project for HF participants who have experienced difficulty achieving housing stability while receiving HF services. Specifically, Peer Supportive Housing (PSH) was created for participants demonstrating ongoing unstable housing in the HF program. Results from structured interviews with five program staff and nine tenants of PSH describe the successes, challenges, and perceived outcomes of the early implementation of the program. PSH can supplement HF, and may help to meet the needs of some tenants who are unable to achieve stable housing after a trial of receiving HF services.
Rock magnetism of tiny exsolved magnetite in plagioclase from a Paleoarchean granitoid in the Pilbara craton
Authors: Usui Yoichi , Shibuya Takazo , Sawaki Yusuke , Komiya Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2014

Granitoids are widespread in Precambrian terranes as well as the Phanerozoic orogenic belts, but they have garnered little attention in paleomagnetic studies, because granitoids often contain abundant coarse‐grained, magnetically unstable oxides. In this study, the first example of tiny, needle‐shaped, exsolved oxides in plagioclase in a Paleoarchean granitoid is reported. The magnetic properties of single plagioclase crystals with the exsolved oxide inclusions have been studied to determine their paleomagnetic recording fidelity. Demagnetization experiments and hysteresis parameters indicate that the oxide inclusions are near stoichiometric magnetite and magnetically very stable. First‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams reveal negligible magnetostatic interactions. Minimal interactions are also reflected by very efficient acquisition of anhysteretic remanent magnetization. Single plagioclase crystals exhibit strong magnetic remanence anisotropies, which require corrections to their paleodirectional and paleointensity data. Nonetheless, quantitative consideration of anisotropy tensors of the single plagioclase crystals indicates that the bias can be mitigated by properly averaging data from a few tens of single crystals. From the nonlinear thermoremanence acquisition of the plagioclase crystals, we estimate that the plagioclase crystals can reconstruct paleointensity up to 50 μT. Local metamorphic condition suggests that those magnetite may carry remanence of ∼3.2 to 3.3 Ga. We suggest that exsolved magnetite in granitoids is potentially a suitable target for the study of the early history of the geomagnetic field, and prompt detailed microscopic investigations as well as paleomagnetic tests to constrain the age of remanence.
Analytical steady‐state solutions for water‐limited cropping systems using saline irrigation water
Authors: Skaggs T. H. , Anderson R. G. , Corwin D. L. , Suarez D. L.
Published: November 2014

Due to the diminishing availability of good quality water for irrigation, it is increasingly important that irrigation and salinity management tools be able to target submaximal crop yields and support the use of marginal quality waters. In this work, we present a steady‐state irrigated systems modeling framework that accounts for reduced plant water uptake due to root zone salinity. Two explicit, closed‐form analytical solutions for the root zone solute concentration profile are obtained, corresponding to two alternative functional forms of the uptake reduction function. The solutions express a general relationship between irrigation water salinity, irrigation rate, crop salt tolerance, crop transpiration, and (using standard approximations) crop yield. Example applications are illustrated, including the calculation of irrigation requirements for obtaining targeted submaximal yields, and the generation of crop‐water production functions for varying irrigation waters, irrigation rates, and crops. Model predictions are shown to be mostly consistent with existing models and available experimental data. Yet the new solutions possess advantages over available alternatives, including: (i) the solutions were derived from a complete physical‐mathematical description of the system, rather than based on an ad hoc formulation; (ii) the analytical solutions are explicit and can be evaluated without iterative techniques; (iii) the solutions permit consideration of two common functional forms of salinity induced reductions in crop water uptake, rather than being tied to one particular representation; and (iv) the utilized modeling framework is compatible with leading transient‐state numerical models.
Hodges, Joseph Lawson, Jr
Authors: Lehmann Erich L.
Published: November 2014

This entry provides a short biography of Joseph Lawson Hodges, Jr., who made pioneering contributions to mathematical statistics, statistical inference, and nonparametric statistics.
Direct ortho‐Acylation of Azoxybenzenes with Aldehydes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective CH Bond Activation
Authors: Yi Meiling , Cui Xiuling , Zhu Chongwei , Pi Chao , Zhu Weimin , Wu Yangjie
Published: November 2014

A highly efficient and convenient palladium catalyzed the ortho‐acylation of azoxybenzenes has been developed. Easily available aldehydes were used as a cheap and ideal aroyl sources. This method provides a practical and direct pathway to synthesize 2‐acylated azoxybenzenes in chemo‐ and regioselective manners via palladium‐catalyzed CH bond activation. Various substituents on both coupling partners are tolerated well.
Synthesis, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry, and PCR Amplification of 3′–5′ and 3′–6′ Disulfide‐linked Oligonucleotides
Authors: Hansen Dennis Jul , Manuguerra Ilenia , Kjelstrup Michael Brøndum , Gothelf Kurt Vesterager
Published: November 2014

Disulfide dithymidines linked 3′–5′ or 3′–6′ were synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides through a combined phosphotriester and phosphoramidite solid‐phase oligonucleotide synthesis approach. The disulfide links are cleaved and formed reversibly in the presence of thiols and oligonucleotides. This link was shown to be sequence‐adaptive in response to given templates in the presence of mercaptoethanol. The artificial 3′–5′ and 3′–6′ disulfide link was tolerated by polymerases in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By using sequencing analysis, we show that single mutations frequently occurred randomly in the amplification products of the PCR.
Molekulare Seltenerdmetallhydride in Nicht‐Cyclopentadienyl‐Umgebungen
Authors: Fegler Waldemar , Venugopal Ajay , Kramer Mathias , Okuda Jun
Published: November 2014

Molekulare Hydride der Seltenerdmetalle spielen eine wichtige Rolle als homogene Katalysatoren und als Modelle für Einlagerungshydride im Festkörper. Mit strukturell gut charakterisierten Hydridkomplexen vom Nichtmetallocen‐Typ lassen sich Elementarreaktionen studieren, die an Seltenerdmetallzentren ablaufen. Untersuchen lassen sich auch katalytische Reaktionen, bei denen Seltenerdmetall‐Hydrid‐Bindungen beteiligt sind. Über neutrale Hydride hinaus sind nun auch kationische Derivate zugänglich.
Redoxkontrolle eines dendritischen Ferrocenyl‐basierten Homogenkatalysators
Authors: Neumann Paul , Dib Hanna , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: November 2014

Es wird über die erste Anwendung eines dendritischen Katalysators in einem redoxschaltbaren katalytischen Prozess berichtet. Dafür wurden unter Ausnutzung der Redoxeigenschaften des Ferrocens ein monomerer sowie der entsprechende dendritische Ferrocenylphosphanligand entwickelt. Die katalytische Aktivität der Ruthenium(II)‐Komplexe konnte durch chemische Oxidation bzw. Reduktion der Ferroceneinheit reversibel geschaltet werden. Die oxidierte Ferroceniumeinheit entzieht dem Phosphan über das konjugierte π‐System Elektronendichte und senkt somit dessen Basizität. Das dadurch entstehende elektronenarme Rutheniumatom zeigt eine deutlich abgeschwächte Aktivität, die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit wird drastisch gesenkt.
Metallfreie Carbonylierung durch Photoredoxkatalyse
Authors: Majek Michal , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: November 2014

Synthesen von Benzoesäureestern aus Kohlenmonoxid und Arylelektrophilen zählen zu den bedeutendsten übergangsmetallkatalysierten Carbonylierungen und finden vielfältige Anwendung in Forschung und Produktion. Diese Reaktionen laufen unter Pd‐ oder Ni‐Katalyse in Gegenwart geeigneter Liganden und stöchiometrischer Mengen Base ab. Wir haben ein alternatives metall‐, ligand‐ und basenfreies Protokoll entwickelt. Die Methode erlaubt die Synthese von Alkylbenzoesäureestern aus Aryldiazoniumsalzen, CO und Alkoholen unter milden Bedingungen durch eine mit sichtbarem Licht getriebene, Eosin‐Y‐katalysierte Redoxreaktion. Selbst tertiäre Alkylester können in hohen Ausbeuten erhalten werden. DFT‐Rechnungen und Radikalfangexperimente belegen den Photoredox‐Mechanismus ohne zusätzliche Redoxpartner.
Großflächige Anordnung von Wolframoxidnanodrähten auf ebenen und strukturierten Substraten für Gassensorik bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Cheng Wei , Ju Yanrui , Payamyar Payam , Primc Darinka , Rao Jingyi , Willa Christoph , Koziej Dorota , Niederberger Markus
Published: November 2014

Großflächiges Anordnen von Nanodrähten auf ebenen und strukturierten Substraten bildet die Voraussetzung für die Nutzung kollektiver Eigenschaften z. B. in der Gassensorik. In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit wurden gleichförmige, einkristalline und ultradünne W18O49‐Nanodrähte mit einem Durchmesser <2 nm und einem Aspektverhältnis >100 synthetisiert. Trotz ihrer großen mechanischen Flexibilität konnten sie mithilfe der Langmuir‐Blodgett‐Technik zu Dünnschichten mit hoher Ordnung auf einem makroskopischen Flächenbereich angeordnet werden. Das Anordnen der Wolframoxidnanodrähte konnte auch auf Sensorsubstraten mit Elektroden durchgeführt werden. Diese Sensoren zeigten bei Raumtemperatur hervorragende Eigenschaften für die H2‐Messung.
Co‐development of Crystalline and Mesoscopic Order in Mesostructured Zeolite Nanosheets
Authors: Messinger Robert J. , Na Kyungsu , Seo Yongbeom , Ryoo Ryong , Chmelka Bradley F.
Published: November 2014

Mesoporous zeolites are a new and technologically important class of materials that exhibit improved diffusion and catalytic reaction properties compared to conventional zeolites with sub‐nanometer pore dimensions. During their syntheses, the transient developments of crystalline and mesoscopic order are closely coupled and challenging to control. Correlated solid‐state NMR, X‐ray, and electron microscopy analyses yield new molecular‐level insights on the interactions and distributions of complicated organic structure‐directing agents with respect to crystallizing zeolite frameworks. The analyses reveal the formation of an intermediate layered silicate phase, which subsequently transforms into zeolite nanosheets with uniform nano‐ and mesoscale porosities. Such materials result from coupled surfactant self‐assembly and inorganic crystallization processes, the interplay between which governs the onset and development of framework structural order on different length and time scales.
A Two‐in‐one Pincer Ligand and its Diiron(II) Complex Showing Spin State Switching in Solution through Reversible Ligand Exchange
Authors: Samanta Subhas , Demesko Serhiy , Dechert Sebastian , Meyer Franc
Published: November 2014

A novel pyrazolate‐bridged ligand providing two {PNN} pincer‐type compartments has been synthesized. Its diiron(II) complex LFe2(OTf)3(CH3CN) (1; Tf=triflate) features, in solid state, two bridging triflate ligands, with a terminal triflate and a MeCN ligand completing the octahedral coordination spheres of the two high‐spin metal ions. In MeCN solution, 1 is shown to undergo a sequential, reversible, and complete spin transition to the low‐spin state upon cooling. Detailed UV/Vis and 19F NMR spectroscopic studies as well as magnetic measurements have unraveled that spin state switching correlates with a rapid multistep triflate/MeCN ligand exchange equilibrium. The spin transition temperature can be continuously tuned by varying the triflate concentration in solution.
Activatable 19F MRI Nanoparticle Probes for the Detection of Reducing Environments
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuya , Matsushita Hisashi , Sugihara Fuminori , Yoshioka Yoshichika , Mizukami Shin , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: November 2014

19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that can detect biological phenomena such as cell dynamics, ion concentrations, and enzymatic activity have attracted significant attention. Although perfluorocarbon (PFC) encapsulated nanoparticles are of interest in molecular imaging owing to their high sensitivity, activatable PFC nanoparticles have not been developed. In this study, we showed for the first time that the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect can efficiently decrease the 19F NMR/MRI signals of PFCs in silica nanoparticles. On the basis of the PRE effect, we developed a reduction‐responsive PFC‐encapsulated nanoparticle probe, FLAME‐SS‐Gd3+ (FSG). This is the first example of an activatable PFC‐encapsulated nanoparticle that can be used for in vivo imaging. Calculations revealed that the ratio of fluorine atoms to Gd3+ complexes per nanoparticle was more than approximately 5.0×102, resulting in the high signal augmentation.
Thiophene‐Based, Radial π‐Conjugation: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes
Authors: Ito Hideto , Mitamura Yukari , Segawa Yasutomo , Itami Kenichiro
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of cyclo‐1,4‐phenylene‐2′,5′‐thienylenes (CPTs) as the first example of a thiophene‐based, radially π‐conjugated system is described. X‐ray crystal structures, UV‐vis absorption and emission spectra, and theoretical studies revealed the unique structural and photophysical properties of CPTs. With all of these unique structural and photophysical properties, the radially π‐conjugated CPTs are expected to open a door for the discovery and development of new functional organic materials.
Self‐Alignment of Low‐Valent Octanuclear Palladium Atoms
Authors: Nakamae Kanako , Takemura Yukie , Kure Bunsho , Nakajima Takayuki , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Tanase Tomoaki
Published: November 2014

A linear tetraphosphine, meso‐bis[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphino]methane (dpmppm) was used to synthesize linear octapalladium‐extended metal atom chains as discrete molecules of [Pd8(μ‐dpmppm)4](BF4)4 (1) and [Pd8(μ‐dpmppm)4L2](BF4)4 (L=2,6‐xylyl isocyanide (XylNC; 2), acetonitrile (3), and N,N‐dimethylformamide (dmf; 4)), which are stable in the solution states and show interesting temperature‐dependent photochemical properties in the near IR region. Variable temperature NMR studies demonstrated that at higher temperature T≈140 °C the Pd8 chains were dissociated into Pd4 fragments, which were thermodynamically self‐aligned to restore the Pd8 chains at lower temperature T<60 °C. The coldspray ionization mass spectra suggested a possibility for further aggregation of the linear tetrapalladium units.
Redox Properties of CeO2 at Low Temperature: The Direct Synthesis of Imines from Alcohol and Amine
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: November 2014

We disclosed the redox properties of CeO2 in organic reactions at low temperature of 303 K. CeO2 works as the most effective heterogeneous catalyst for imine formation from benzyl alcohol and aniline at 303 K among various metal oxides and showed more than 38‐fold higher activity than other simple metal oxides. CeO2 is applicable to the reaction of various alcohols and amines and gives high yields (80–98 %) and high selectivities (89–>99 %). Kinetic measurements, MS, and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the high activity of CeO2 is a result of reactive oxygen species at the redox sites on CeO2. This discovery can help to create a new field in metal oxide catalysis.
Asymmetric Dearomatization of β‐Naphthols through an Amination Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Wang Shou‐Guo , Yin Qin , Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , You Shu‐Li
Published: November 2014

A highly efficient catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of naphthols by means of an electrophilic amination reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid is presented. This protocol provides a facile access to functionalized β‐naphthalenone compounds with a chiral quaternary carbon center in excellent yields and enantioselectivity (up to 99 % yield, up to 96 % ee).