bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Applications Use Measurements of Electrical Quantities to Estimate Electric Power
Authors: Despa D , Setyawan F X A , Nama G F , Delano J
Published: November 2019

Prototype measurement of electrical quantities had been built and applied to the H building in faculty of engineering, University of Lampung. Electrical quantities Measurement of electrical quantities had been saved on TIK’s server. However, it had not been used for estimation. Electric power is the electricity that tends to change following the electric load. So, electric power can be predictable or estimation based on measurement data in the past. The method of backpropogation artificial neural networks is a method that have a good approach to nonlinearity. The results of testing the estimation of electric power consumption had been done in the distribution panel of Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering UNILA indicated that this method can be used to estimate electric power consumption for one month ahead with an accuracy of ±0,884%. Thus this research can be applied to real-time estimation processes that can be accessed and displayed by web in real-time.
Improvements in filler dispersion and tensile properties of natural rubber vulcanizates applying lauryl alcohol
Authors: Surya I , Ginting M , Purwandari V
Published: November 2019

Lauryl alcohol as one type of fatty alcohols was used to raise degree of silica filler dispersion and also tensile properties of silica filled natural rubber (NR) applying a system of semi efficient vulcanization. The NR was reinforced by silica filler with a settled loading at thirty phr. The lauryl alcohol was incorporated into the silica filled NR at one, two, three and four phr. The results showed that lauryl alcohol expanded the time to scorch but reduced time to cure and minimum torque. Lauryl alcohol also reduced tensile modulus but expanded elongation at break. The other properties such as crosslink density, torque difference and tensile strength were expanded up to three phr of lauryl alcohol. The swelling properties confirmed that three phr of lauryl alcohol was an optimum concentration where silica filled NR vulcanizate with three phr of lauryl alcohol showed the highest tensile strength. As a plasticizing agent, lauryl alcohol expanded tensile strength by increasing the degree of silica dispersion.
Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Sludge/Zeolite Adsorbent for Lampung Textile Industry Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Darmansyah  , Ginting S B , Sanjaya A , Soraya F , Supriyadi D
Published: November 2019

The present study reports a green synthesis method for ordered adsorbent material for Lampung Ethnic Textile Industry (LETI) wastewater treatment from activated sludge rubber industry and clipnotilolite (natural zeolite). LETI wastewater is containing about 70 mg/L of Chromium; 63,600 mg/L of COD and 36, 500 mg/L of BOD. It has also high colour intensity and complex pollutants. Adsorbent can reduce Chromium heavy metal significantly. Activated sludge/zeolite adsorbent was calcined by furnace at 600°C for 15 min. It was activated by 10% wt/wt of NaOH and 1 molar of HCl. The material properties of calcined activated sludge/zeolite adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR, BET and SEM. Results showed that structure interaction processes occured between activated sludge and zeolite clipnotilolite. The BET analysis results showed that surface area, pore volume and average pore size respectively are 932 m2/gram; 0.6 cc/gram; and 258.87 Å.
Production of single cell protein by a local Trichoderma reesei in solid state fermentation: effects of process variables
Authors: Said S D , Zaki M , Novita E , Asnawi T M
Published: November 2019

Single cell protein (SCP) has attracted a lot of attention as an alternative protein source to support the increasing demand and to reduce the dependence on fishmeal in the animal feed and poultry industries. The SCP can be produced using lignocellulosic materials which are abundantly generated continuously as agricultural residues by Trichoderma reesei in solid state fermentation system. In this work, we evaluated the effects of various carbon sources (rice straw, corncob, bagasse, and coffee husk) which were combined with various nitrogen sources (Urea, Ammonium Sulphate, NPK) on SCP production. The rice straw and coffee husk gave a higher SCP yield when combined with urea or NPK at C/N ratio of 20:1 and 30:1. The solid substrate which contained rice straw or coffee husk gave a higher SCP yield when combined with urea or NPK at C/N ratio of 20:1 and 30:1. The initial moisture content of the solid substrate gave a significant contribution to the SCP yield, the highest yield of SCP developed in the substrate with the initial water content of 75%. On the other hand, the ratio of inoculum size to the solid substrate of 1:1 (w/v) gave the maximum SCP yield.
Inconsistencies when applying novel metrics for emissions accounting to the Paris agreement
Authors: Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Nauels Alexander , Schaeffer Michiel , Hare William , Rogelj Joeri
Published: November 2019

Addressing emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) is an integral part of efficient climate change mitigation and therefore an essential part of climate policy. Metrics are used to aggregate and compare emissions of short- and long-lived GHGs and need to account for the difference in both magnitude and persistence of their climatic effects. Different metrics describe different approaches and perspectives, and hence yield different numerical estimates for aggregated GHG emissions. When interpreting GHG emission reduction targets, being mindful of the underlying metrical choices thus proves to be essential. Here we present the impact a recently proposed GHG metric related to the concept of CO2 forcing-equivalent emissions (called GWP*) would have on the internal consistency and environmental integrity of the Paris Agreement. We show that interpreting the Paris Agreement goals in a metric like GWP* that is significantly different from the standard metric used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report can lead to profound inconsistencies in the mitigation architecture of the Agreement. It could even undermine the integrity of the Agreement’s mitigation target altogether by failing to deliver net-zero CO2 emissions and therewith failing to ensure warming is halted. Our results indicate that great care needs to be taken when applying new concepts that appear scientifically favourable to a pre-existing climate policy context.
A note on the double dual graviton
Authors: Henneaux Marc , Lekeu Victor , Leonard Amaury
Published: November 2019

The (free) graviton admits, in addition to the standard Pauli-Fierz description by means of a rank-two symmetric tensor, a description in which one dualizes the corresponding

-curvature tensor on one column to get a

-tensor, where D is the spacetime dimension. This tensor derives from a gauge field with mixed Yound symmetry

called the ‘dual graviton’ field. The dual graviton field is related non-locally to the Pauli-Fierz field (even on-shell), in much the same way as a p -form potential and its dual

-form potential are related in the theory of an abelian p -form. Since the Pauli-Fierz field has a Young tableau with two columns (of one box each), one can contemplate a double dual description in which one dualizes on both columns and not just on one. The double dual curvature is now a

-tensor and derives from a gauge field with

mixed Young symmetry, the ‘double dual graviton’ field. We show, however, that the double dual graviton field is algebraically and locally related to the original Pauli-Fierz field and, so, does not provide a truly new description of the graviton. From this point of view, it plays a very different role from the dual graviton field obtained through a single dualization. We also show that these equations can be obtained from a variational principle in which the variables to be varied in the action are (all) the components of the double-dual field as well as an auxiliary field with

Young symmetry. By gauge fixing the shift symmetries of this action principle, one recovers the Pauli-Fierz action. Our approach differs from the interesting approach based on parent actions and covers only the free, sourceless theory. Similar results are argued to hold for higher spin gauge fields.
The Effect of Zn in as-Cast Mg-Zn Alloys for Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Putera Satria Al Azhary , Basuki Arif , Wibowo Untung Ari
Published: November 2019

This research presents the analysis of microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of three Mg-Zn binary alloys, Mg-1Zn, Mg-3Zn, and Mg-5Zn. The result of metallography for as-Cast Mg-Zn alloys with different Zn content shows that the presence of Zn will cause grain refinement effect to the microstructure of Mg-Zn alloys and allows the formation of γ phase of Mg-Zn precipitation along the grain boundaries. The addition of Zn also significantly increases the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys corresponding to fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening effect. Immersion test in Ringer’s solution show that the addition of Zn in magnesium alloys reduce its corrosion rate by improving magnesium alloys corrosion potential.
The Study of the Effect of Slag Ferronickel Substitution (FNS) in Portland Concrete on Corrosion Resistance of Reinforced Steel in Chloride Environment with Cyclic Polarization Method
Authors: Ibnu M , Riastuti Rini , Ashari A S , Aryani I T
Published: November 2019

Ferronickel slag is a by-product of the ferronickel extraction process. Smelting process that contain the oxide compounds such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. The compound content is similar to the content of Portland brand commercial cement (OPC) which is commonly used as raw material for making concrete. Therefore, this research will analyze the effect of using ferronickel slag as a cement mixture on the resistance of reinforced steel in concrete. The author will analyze the corrosion behavior of various mixtures of OPC cement and ferronickel slag with variations in the use of Ferronickel slag as much as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% with OPC cement in the process of curing concrete for 28 days then it is immersed 3.5% NaCl solution. The concrete wiil uses cyclic polarization method to analyze pitting behaviour and resistance corrosion of reinforced steel in chloride environment. The results show that the steel in the 20% slag concrete mixture added with OPC cement has resistance compared to other mixed variations.
Effects of Poling on Electrical Properties of Flexible Piezoelectric Composites with Natural Rubber Matrix
Authors: Promsawat Methee , Boonsri Kan-ubon , Samadoloh Sukanya , Promsawat Napatporn , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo
Published: November 2019

This work was done to study effects of electrical applied voltage on electrical properties of flexible piezoelectric composites with natural rubber (NR) matrices. Different amounts of lead magnesium niobate titanate (PMNT) as a piezoelectric phase were added into NR matrices. NR/xPMNT (where x = 0, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 150 phr) composites were consequently obtained. The composites were poled under 25 kV/cm electric field for 30 mins. For all the samples, tetragonality is enhanced after poling. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties, and generated electrical voltage of unpoled and poled samples were measured. For the samples with x ≤ 80 phr, the properties are not improved with the poling process. However, for x > 80 phr samples, the properties are significantly enhanced after poling. A percent increase in generated electrical voltage after poling tends to increase with increasing PMNT concentration. The overall result suggests that the NR/100PMNT composite is suitable for applications as high mechanical damage resistance piezoelectric sensors and generators.
Investigation of Notch Dept Effect on Domain Wall Depinning in Ferromagnetic Nanowires by Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Kurniawan Candra , Soegijono Bambang , Djuhana Dede
Published: November 2019

Utilization of topological nanostructure such as magnetic domain wall (DW) as a future generation of non-volatile memory as racetrack memory has been attracted more researchers due to potential to achieve higher speed of data read/writing and capacity. However, completed understanding of DW dynamics was still need to be improved by advanced analysis from the theoretical/simulation or experimental methods. In this study, the effect of geometrical notch dept on domain wall depinning in Permalloy (Py) nanowires by micromagnetic simulation method have been investigated. The varied double notch dept from 10 to 90 nm in 200 nm of wire width were used and the transverse type DW was triggered by nanosecond current pulse to observe the critical depinning current (J
d). It is observed that the depinning current was increased as the notch dept increases. However, the magnitude of J
d have a maximum values for all notch length variation. The increasing of notch length has shifted the maximum J
d to the larger notch dept values. This behavior indicated that the optimum notch design was needed to obtain higher speed and lower depinning energy in the development of domain wall based devices.
Investigation the exponential decay of LSPR Ag nanorod-coupled with side by side configuration using boundary element method
Authors: Fitria Nesy , Kuddah Muhammad Sujak Mansur , Djuhana Dede
Published: November 2019

In this study, we have systematically investigated LSPR spectra of Ag nanorod-coupled with side of side configuration by a public optical modelling, MNPBEM. The electromagnetic field was applied in perpendicular and parallel direction. The simulation showed the extinction peaks shifted to red-shift in longitudinal mode while shifted to blue-shift in transverse mode as the gap distance increased. The electric field distribution showed increasing in area between nanorod in transverse mode as the gap distance reduced. Contrary, the electric field distribution relatively was constant in longitudinal mode. The electric field increased at end of Ag nanorod-coupled. Furthermore, we have also calculated the different value of Ag coupling and single nanorod to the aspect ratio of the gap distance and the length of nanorod. Interestingly, it was found following the exponential behaviour in longitudinal mode with the decay length related to the electric field distribution as the gap distance increased.
Wet-spinning of Cellulose Acetate Reinforced with Acetylated Nano-crystalline Cellulose as Carbon Fibre Precursors
Authors: Harahap Mahyuni , Hararak Bongkot , Khan Inam , Pandita Surya , Saharman Gea
Published: November 2019

The search precursors that are bio-based, renewable and biodegradable has attracted significant attention due to increased environmental awareness. Recently, nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) has been considered as a potential precursor to produce carbon fibre owing to its high crystallinity and excellent mechanical properties. However, its crystallinity prevents it from being dissolved in comment solvents. The main aims of this study were: (i) to acetylate NCC to improve its compatibility with cellulose acetate and (ii) to produce wet-spun cellulose acetate fibres reinforced acetylated and unacetylated NCC. In this study, rod-like particles of NCC with diameters in the range 2.0-4.8 nm and lengths of 46-114 nm were characterised using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The carbonyl (C=O) group of the acetyl group was confirmed using Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR), and the crystallinity of NCC was characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The crystallinity indicates of the NCC before and after acetylation were 78% and 68% respectively. The morphology of wet-spun cellulose acetate reinforced acetylated NCC was smoother than reinforced NCC. The acetylation on NCC increased its compatibility with the polymer matrix.
Enhancing Properties of Cured NR/PVA Blends Using Glutaraldehyde as a Crosslinking Agent: Effect of Nano-Clay Loading
Authors: Lehman Nussana , Songtipya Ladawan , Johns Jobish , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo
Published: November 2019

A novel and inexpensive method to vulcanize natural rubber (NR) was successfully developed and reported in our previous work. NR can be easily vulcanized using glutaraldehyde (GA) at low temperature without adding any specific activators. However, there is some limitation (i.e., poor film formation and properties) to apply as many product items. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to improve the properties and film formation of this cured system. The effect of loading levels of nano-clay on the properties of GA cured NR/PVA blends has been investigated. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties were characterized. From the overall characterization, cured NR/PVA blends with 1 phr of nano-clay exhibited the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness of 8.02 MPa, 690% and 62.4 shore A, respectively. Enhancing in thermal stability of the sample was confirmation by shifting of degradation temperature based TGA technique. The experimental results reveal that the properties and film formation of this system can be developed with the proper additives in the preparation. From obtained knowledge, it is interesting due to it can be applied for various industrial applications with eases of producing at low temperature and cost.
Current State of Lithium Ion Battery Components and Their Development
Authors: Saskia Maria Kayra , Kartini Evvy
Published: November 2019

LIB is a secondary (rechargeable) battery and have been in the spotlight of battery development due to its advantageous qualities in our era of mobile electronics. To improve the LIB for its application in day-to-day life and beyond, development of its separate components, namely the cathode, anode and electrolyte, is essential. Hence, this paper compiles past developments of Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) components, focusing on a general overall view of cathode, anode and electrolytes materials, and including the recent development of LIB in Indonesia.
Study of microstructure and wear properties of novel aluminium-modified fly ash composite
Authors: Panda Bijayani , Vishwanatha A D , Niranjan C A , Harisha P , Chandan K R , Kumar Rakesh
Published: November 2019

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) were prepared by compocasting route by melting AA 1200 aluminium alloy in a stir casting furnace and adding 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % (weight percentage) of modified fly ash (FA). Modified FA was synthesized by treating FA with graphite and magnesium powder in the ratio of 1:1:2.5 at 650°C in nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of modified FA showed peaks of MgO, MgO3Si, Mg2Si and SiC in addition to the peaks of SiO2, Al2O5Si and AlPO4 present in FA. Tapped density of the modified FA was found to be 0.69 g/cm3. Optical microscopy studies on the cast composites showed segregation of modified FA particles at the grain boundaries. Hardness measurement showed that the hardness of the composite increased with increase in the amount of modified FA. Pin-on-disc wear studies revealed that the wear rate of the composite increased with the increase in the amount modified FA. At 8 wt. % modified FA, the wear rate was found to decrease drastically. The increase in wear rate was correlated to the improper bonding between the particles and the matrix phase due to segregation of particles as confirmed by optical microscopy. The wear process was slowed down with increasing amount of reinforcement due to the prevalent abrasive wear mechanism as the particles dislodged during wear process.
A case study of identification and classification of microplastics using aluminium sulfate in wastewater treatment facility on the university campus
Authors: Yoganandhan U , Yuvedha S , Arun V R , Salman Kuristh S
Published: November 2019

This study is to identify the Microplastics in the effluent of the treatment plant on the University campus. The plastic with less than 5 (five) mm size is universally considered as Microplastics. Volume reduced sampling method is used and for sample concentration, Aluminium sulfate as the coagulant is used. A sample was concentrated as the liquid and solid powder. One micron filter paper is used. Visual identification was done using the dissecting microscope, For particles smaller than 40X magnification scanning electron microscope (SEM) we used. For Identification of polymers Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used. In FT-IR test results all the liquid samples were negative in a result, and all the solid samples were positive that, it showed the presence of polymer in the sample, the plastics identified are Polyethylene, polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyamide (nylon) in the solid sample.
Application of wavelet analysis to differences in modal rotations for damage identification
Authors: Katunin A , Araújo dos Santos J V , Lopes H
Published: November 2019

Shearography is an effective non-destructive testing method which already found numerous applications in structural damage identification and for various industrial branches. This method, however, consider the detection and localization based on the irregularities found on rotation fields. This paper presents the concept of non-destructive damage identification in structural elements using modal rotation together with advanced signal processing for the enhancement of its sensitivity, thus allowing for overcoming the problem of small damage detectability. The presented approach uses a set modal rotations fields of a beam, initially processed from shearographic phase maps, for undamaged and damage states. The difference in modal rotations, between the two damages states, is initially calculated and afterward is subjected to a wavelet transform. The presented results show the effectiveness of the presented approach in tasks of structural damage identification.
Estimation of residual stress and deformation of laser deposited tracks of Ni-5Mo-5Al powder using thermo-mechanical finite element simulation
Authors: Shrivastava Ankit , Kumar Vikash , Singh Vivek , Mukherjee Sumanta , Kumar Prakash , Chakraborty Sitanshu Shekhar
Published: November 2019

Exhaust fans and manifolds, valve and pump seats, connecting rods etc. are coated with Ni-5Mo-5Al powder for service temperature up to 650 °C. Till date, it has been coated on structural steels etc. substrate mostly using plasma spray and High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying. However, a few pioneering works, reported cladding by melt and deposition of the same powder using laser. Laser being much more precise heat source has the potential to achieve cladding without causing much thermally induced damage. In this work, laser cladding of Ni-5Mo-5Al powder was simulated probably for the first time. Layer thickness and width were input from the experiments. A significant amount of tensile residual stress (up to 500 MPa normal stress component along the scan track) and deformation (up to 32 μm) of the deposited layer was found in the simulation results. These were more at higher laser power. Experiments consisted of depositing overlapping tracks, on AISI 1020 steel cylindrical substrates having 39 mm diameter and 22.4 mm thickness, by blown powder method, with the help of a 2 KW Yb fibre laser having 1.07 μmwavelength.
Effect of ageing treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of α+β type titanium alloy used for biomaterials
Authors: Mandal P K , Sam Mathews Manu , Daniel Benjamin A , Devasia Jithin
Published: November 2019

The high strength Ti-Al-V alloy is a α+β type that could be extensively used for many special applications like health care instruments owing to their unique combination of better mechanical properties, superior biocorrosion resistance with excellent biocompatibility, and aerospace applications. This high strength titanium alloy system has a combination of α+β stabilizing elements such as aluminium 7.18 wt.%, and vanadium 7.69 wt.% with high nitrogen content. But special purpose of nitrogen content is α stabilizer that acts as solid solution strengthener, enhancement of mechanical properties and increasing the strain (ε) of this alloy. This experimental work has been dealt with the results of influencing the microstructure of as-received titanium alloy by solution treatment at 860oC for 1h followed by immediately quenching into oil (STQoq) and water (STQwq). These solution treated alloys were preferred for ageing at 500oC for 5h then air cooling (STA). The heat treated alloy was examined likely to OM, SEM, Vicker’s hardness measurement and tensile testing. The optimum tensile properties have been achieved after STQwq+STA treatment such as YS 915 MPa, UTS 1234 MPa, Strain (ε) 40%, RA 18.34%, and YS to UTS ratio of 0.74, respectively.
Effect of process parameters on geometrical aspects in direct metal laser deposition of Ni5Mo5Al hardface coating
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Shrivastava Ankit , Patra Karmakar Debapriya , Shekhar Chakraborty Shitanshu , Roy Himadri , Gopinath Muvvala , Kumar Prakash , Mukherjee Sumanta
Published: November 2019

Direct metal laser deposition of hardfacing alloys on engineering components can improve their life significantly. This work explores the role of laser power and scanning speed on the deposition geometry of Ni5Mo5Al. Variation of cross-sectional morphologies of overlapped deposition tracks with varying process parameters was examined. The results indicated that higher laser power or lower laser scanning speed improves the deposition rate. Near-uniform heights of overlapping deposition tracks were achieved for 600 W laser power and 700 mm/min scanning speed with ∼50% overlap. The depth of penetration was also highest for that parameter combination. The resultant coating exhibited an almost 60% rise in microhardness from the base material, signifying the potential of the deposited material in improving the wear and erosion resistance of engineering components.
Synthesis and characterization of calcium fluoride added zirconia toughened alumina composite powder
Authors: Kumar Sadhu Kishor , Mazumder Subhrojyoti , Roy Poulomi , Acharya Sourav , Kumar Show Bijay , Mandal Nilrudra
Published: November 2019

The present paper aims to synthesise a composite powder consisting of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) together followed by their morphological study and characterization. Yttria-stabilized zirconia toughened alumina added with CaF2 was fabricated in the laboratory with the aid of co-precipitation method. The morphological and elemental studies are carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Presence of different phases are investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The temperature at which the powder decomposes are obtained by differential thermal analysis/thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA).
Enhancing the Closed Loop Performance of Semi-active Suspension System with I-PD Controller
Authors: Govinda Kumar E , Raghul S , Kishore Kumar R , Mathan Kumar M , Prasanth C
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to investigate for the control quarter car semi-active suspension system using PID controller. In the study, simulation and transfer function models are constructed and used for the control of relative displacement of semi-active suspension system. The conventional PID controller is designed by using Ziegler-Nichols method and it used for the control of suspension system. The closed loop performance of PID controller is improved through reducing the derivative gain value. It shows that, the peak overshoot of closed loop responses are sluggishly reduced. The modified forms PID controller such as PI-D and I-PD controllers are furthermore used for the control of suspension system. From the results, the I-PD controller deliver better closed loop performance compared with PID and PI-D controllers. The control of suspension system using I-PD controller provide superior closed loop performance by means of minimization of peak overshoot and settling time.
Customization-Oriented Product Flexible Manufacturing Experience System Design Based on VR
Authors: Zhao Huiliang , Lyu Jian , Liu Xiang , Liu Zhenghong
Published: November 2019

It has gradually become the trend of the world to integrate the individualized and diversified needs of customers into products, which has brought new pressure to enterprises, and the diversification of users’ needs has led to the diversification of the market. Manufacturing industry must adjust the existing production mode to adapt to these changes. This paper puts forward the research and development of product flexible customization experience system based on VR considering users’ customization requirement. Through the research of data modularization modelling and dynamic product family model and configuration for product flexible customization, the functions and operation processes of typical industries are analysed. By using modularization idea, the general rules are found out from customer requirements, and the multi-layer module division and model from production system planning to equipment design are studied. Group coupling technology, explore customer modular customization methods and technologies for equipment manufacturing industry. Combining with a case of customization of logistics equipment system, this paper explores how to combine VR technology application with production system simulation technology, build a digital personalized flexible configuration experience system, provide an immersive visual environment of interactive design for customers, and improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.
Wide Gain Bidirectional Converters for Energy Storage System of Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Krishna Sankalp Gunturi Sri , Kumar Makkena Sasi , Sankar Pedapudi Siva , Sai Krishna Reddy Mule
Published: November 2019

Fuel-Cell Vehicles have gained reasonable popularity for its low emission, long driving range, and eco-friendly features. A converter of bi–directionalpower flow stands between the energy management system and the dc bus connected to the load through the inverter. Many converter topologies have been proposed for FCVs can be observed in the Electric vehicle market. Hence, there is a need of assessment of the popular topologies of the bidirectional DC-DC converters required to judge. This paper presents analysis and simulation studies between two converter topologies which employ inherent soft switching technique and set forth the suitable performance observed in PSIM 9.0 simulations.
Refractivity gradient of the first 1km of the troposphere for some selected stations in six geo-political zones in Nigeria
Authors: Fashade O O , Omotosho T V , Akinwumi S A , Olorunyomi K P
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the evaluation of refractivity gradient and the effective earth radius factor (k) analysed from the climatic profile values of air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure in the first 1Km of the troposphere over six (6) selected stations from the six geopolitical regions in Nigeria. The study utilized meteorological data from Satellite Sounding instrument by NASA USA. The meteorological parameters measured were extracted from MERRA MAIMCPASM V5.20 database software from January 2010 to December 2014 for each station. The result shows that the average values of the refractivity gradient and k-factor for the 5 years period of consideration are (40.2N-units/km and 0.797 ≈ 1.0N) for Abuja, (40.3N-units/km and 0.792 ≈ 1.0N) for Enugu, (47N-units/km and 0.773 ≈ 1.0N) for Lagos, (43N–units/km and 0.788 ≈ 1.0N) for Port-Harcourt, (26.4N–units/km and 0.862 ≈ 1.0) for Sokoto, (23.2N–units/km and 0.876 ≈ 1.0) for Maiduguri respectively. The outcome of the k-factor was dependent on the type of season and the variability of k-factor showed that the value of 1.33 recommended by the ITU will either underrate or overrate k-factor value in each of the station under consideration. In conclusion, the local radio propagation condition in the troposphere for the selected six stations in Nigeria are predominantly sub-refractive based on the k-factor which is43>k>0..
An investigation into some crop residues generation from farming activities and inherent energy potentials in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Alhassan E A , Olaoye J O , Olayanju T M A , Okonkwo C E
Published: November 2019

In recent time, interest in energy generation from biological materials has been on the increase because of its environmental benefits. The use of these waste materials as feedstock in energy generation plants has been used in many industrial processes. The availability of these wastes is key to the sustainability of such a process. Resource assessment is an important step for planning and implementation of any energy workflow. This research studied the quantity of crop residues generated from farming of some crops in Kwara State and the potential energy contents inherent in them which when properly harnessed can help to alleviate the energy challenge in the state. The crops investigated were rice, maize, sorghum, soybean, and sugar cane. Relevant data were collected by visiting major farm establishments in the state and also the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR). Obtained production outputs for two farming seasons were analysed using the corresponding residue-to-crop ratios (RPR) to obtain the quantity of wastes generated and the corresponding unit conversion ratio for biomass energy content to obtain the inherent energy potentials. A total crop output of 2531.46 ton was obtained from the study with an estimated residue of 6047.02 tons, and inherent energy potential of 109201 GJ.
Influence of bentonite on clayey soil as a landfill baseliner materials
Authors: Olaoye R A , Afolayan O D , Oladeji V O , Sani R O
Published: November 2019

With the geometric population growth in developing nations comes increase in waste generation, these wastes ranging from industrial to agricultural to municipal solid waste calls for measure for its effective management and disposal so as to preserve the ecosystem. An effective measure of containing this large waste generated, is through the use of landfills which are designed and built to protect infiltration of leachates from decomposed waste to the groundwater. It is with this in mind, that this study seeks to assess the effect of bentonite (0 to 15%) on clayey soil as a base liner for landfills. In achieving this aim, two clayey samples gotten from a borrow site at a depth of 1.5 and 2.0m for samples A and B respectively were modified with bentonite. Particle size analysis, moisture-density relationship and permeability tests were performed on the test and the bentonite-modified samples in accordance with relevant standards. Result shows an increasing plasticity index, and liquid limit of both samples with increasing bentonite content. Permeability and dry densities of the samples decreases on bentonite modification. The application of bentonite modified the soil as it improves their plasticity and hydraulic properties. Bentonite modification made the clayey soil suitable for use as a liner material in landfills for municipal solid waste containment.
Absorption enhancement by transition metal doping in ZnS
Authors: Gurung Gautam , Ekanayaka Thilini K , Yost Andrew J , Paudel Tula R
Published: November 2019

Transition metal doping is an effective tool for controlling optical absorption in ZnS and hence the number of photons absorbed by photovoltaic devices. By using first principle density functional calculations, we compute the change in number of photons absorbed upon doping with a selected transition metal and found that Ni offers the best chance to improve the performance. This is attributed to the formation of defect states in the band gap of the host ZnS which give rise to additional dipole-allowed optical transition pathways between the conduction and valence band. Analysis of the defect level in the band gap shows that TM dopants do not pin Fermi levels in ZnS and hence the host can be made n- or p- type with other suitable dopants. The measured optical spectra from the doped solution processed ZnS nanocrystal supports our theoretical finding that Ni doping enhances optical absorption the most compared to Co and Mn doping.
Organic photodiodes: printing, coating, benchmarks, and applications
Authors: Strobel Noah , Seiberlich Mervin , Eckstein Ralph , Lemmer Uli , Hernandez-Sosa Gerardo
Published: November 2019

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are set to enhance traditional optical detection technologies and open new fields of applications, through the addition of functionalities such as wavelength tunability, mechanical flexibility, light-weight or transparency. This, in combination with printing and coating technology will contribute to the development of cost-effective production methods for optical detection systems. In this review, we compile the current progress in the development of OPDs fabricated with the help of industrial relevant coating and printing techniques. We review their working principle and their figures-of-merit (FOM) highlighting the top device performances through a comparison of material systems and processing approaches. We place particular emphasis in discussing methodologies, processing steps and architectural design that lead to improved FOM. Finally, we survey the current applications of OPDs in which printing technology have enabled technological developments while discussing future trends and needs for improvement.
A review on glass welding by ultra-short laser pulses
Authors: Cvecek Kristian , Dehmel Sarah , Miyamoto Isamu , Schmidt Michael
Published: November 2019

Glass welding by ultra-short pulsed (USP) lasers is a piece of technology that offers high strength joints with hermetic sealing. The joints are typically formed in glass that is transparent to the laser by exploiting nonlinear absorption effects that occur under extreme conditions. Though the temperature reached during the process is on the order of a few 1000 °C, the heat affected zone (HAZ) is confined to only tens of micrometers. It is this controlled confinement of the HAZ during the joining process that makes this technology so appealing to a multitude of applications because it allows the foregoing of a subsequent tempering step that is typically essential in other glass joining techniques, thus making it possible to effectively join highly heat sensitive components. In this work, we give an overview on the process, development and applications of glass welding by USP lasers.
Appropriation Art, Fair Use, and Metalinguistic Negotiation
Authors: Cantalamessa Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Appropriation art (AA) involves the use of pre-existing works of art with little to no transformation. Works of AA (often) fail to satisfy established criteria for originality, such as creative labour and transformative use. As such, appropriation artists are often subject to copyright lawsuits and defend their work under the fair use doctrine of US copyright law. In legal cases regarding AA and fair use, judges lack a general principle whereby they can determine whether or not the offending party has ‘transformed’ the original work. Further, it is not the case that there is some antecedent fact that could determine the outcome one way or another. I diagnose debates surrounding the transformative nature of works of AA as cases of ‘metalinguistic negotiation’ over what concepts we should attach to terms like ‘copy’, ‘transformative’, and ‘work of art’.
Are Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Claims Related to Risk Factors in Workplaces of the Manufacturing Industry?
Authors: Bao Stephen , Howard Ninica , Lin Jia-Hua
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Varied work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) claim rates were found between companies even when they were in the same sectors with similar sizes. This study aimed to (i) identify common risk factors for back, shoulder, hand/wrist, and knee WMSDs among manufacturing jobs, and (ii) characterize the biomechanical exposures in jobs and work organizational practices between high and low WMSD claim rate companies so that more focused, industry-specific intervention strategies may be developed.

Methods

Using historical workers’ compensation data, manufacturing companies were divided into two paired groups (low and high in the lower 25%ile and higher 75%ile, respectively). On-site job evaluations were conducted in 16 companies to determine job biomechanical risk levels. Management and workers’ representatives in 32 paired companies were interviewed to identify possible differences between management strategies and management/worker relationships. A total of 39 injured workers were also interviewed to gather information of self-reported injury causes and suggested preventive measures.

Results

Analyses of 432 job evaluations showed that more jobs had higher risk levels of prolonged standing and heavy lifting in the high back WMSD claim rate companies than the low claim rate ones. No high biomechanical risk factors were found to be associated with jobs in high shoulder claim rate companies. High repetition, pinch force, and Strain Index were associated with high hand/wrist WMSD claim rate companies. High work pace and job stress were common among high knee WMSD claim rate companies. There were no statistically significant differences for the organizational factors between high and low WMSD claim rate companies. Heavy lifting, fast work pace, high hand/wrist repetition, high hand force, and awkward shoulder postures were identified as major contributing factors by the injured workers.

Conclusions

High WMSD claim rate companies appeared to have more high biomechanical exposure jobs than low WMSD claim rate companies. Available job evaluation methods for the low back and hand/wrists are satisfactory in quantifying job risk levels in the manufacturing industry. Research into more sensitive job evaluation methods for the shoulder and knee are needed.
Outcomes of a Safety and Health Educational Intervention in Auto Body and Machine Tool Technologies Vocational College Programs: The Technical Education Curricula for Health and Safety (TECHS) Study
Authors: Bejan Anca , Xi Min , Parker David L
Published: November 2019

Technical Education Curricula for Health and Safety (TECHS) is a research collaboration between safety and health professionals and vocational instructors in three Minnesota colleges. Curriculum materials, including full and refresher modules with of classroom presentations, lab activities, homework, and quizzes, were developed for auto body collision technology (ABCT) and machine tool technology (MTT) programs. Curricula were implemented during the 2015–2018 academic years. Graduates’ safety-related knowledge, skills, work practices, and workplace safety climate were assessed 1 year postgraduation using an electronic survey. Responses were received from 71 ABCT and 115 MTT graduates. Classroom presentations were used consistently throughout the study. Instructors cited a lack of time as the main barrier to using other materials (lab activities, homework, and quizzes). Graduates with TECHS instruction had significantly greater safety-related knowledge overall (both trades) as well as in two topic areas: eye and respiratory protection (ABCT) and hearing protection and machine guarding (MTT). Our data confirm that nearly all graduates consistently engage in practices such as use of safety glasses, hearing protection, and respirators, use of machine guards, material handling strategies. At 1 year postgraduation, MTT graduates’ work practices related to machine guarding improved significantly. Graduates with TECHS instruction had improved in about half of the work practices, but statistical significance was not achieved. Graduates’ self-reported work practices were not significantly correlated with their knowledge or skills. Work practices variability was best explained by graduates’ attitudes toward safety rules and their rating of the workplace safety climate. TECHS findings confirm that classroom instruction alone has little impact on graduates’ work practices. We propose institutions formalize their commitment to safety and health education by ear-marking teaching time for this subject and providing assistance to instructors to facilitate curricula integration. Instructors would benefit from learning more about trade-specific safety and health, and adult education teaching methods. Additional research is needed to understand how students’ attitudes toward safety change during vocational college attendance and the first year of employment in the trade, explore implementation supports and barriers at institutional and instructor levels, and assess educational effectiveness beyond the end of the academic program. The entire curricula are available on the study website www.votechsafety.net.
Machine learning and its applications in plant molecular studies
Authors: Sun Shanwen , Wang Chunyu , Ding Hui , Zou Quan
Published: November 2019

The advent of high-throughput genomic technologies has resulted in the accumulation of massive amounts of genomic information. However, biologists are challenged with how to effectively analyze these data. Machine learning can provide tools for better and more efficient data analysis. Unfortunately, because many plant biologists are unfamiliar with machine learning, its application in plant molecular studies has been restricted to a few species and a limited set of algorithms. Thus, in this study, we provide the basic steps for developing machine learning frameworks and present a comprehensive overview of machine learning algorithms and various evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we introduce sources of important curated plant genomic data and R packages to enable plant biologists to easily and quickly apply appropriate machine learning algorithms in their research. Finally, we discuss current applications of machine learning algorithms for identifying various genes related to resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Broad application of machine learning and the accumulation of plant sequencing data will advance plant molecular studies.
Molecular dynamics simulations for genetic interpretation in protein coding regions: where we are, where to go and when
Authors: Galano-Frutos Juan J , García-Cebollada Helena , Sancho Javier
Published: November 2019

The increasing ease with which massive genetic information can be obtained from patients or healthy individuals has stimulated the development of interpretive bioinformatics tools as aids in clinical practice. Most such tools analyze evolutionary information and simple physical–chemical properties to predict whether replacement of one amino acid residue with another will be tolerated or cause disease. Those approaches achieve up to 80–85% accuracy as binary classifiers (neutral/pathogenic). As such accuracy is insufficient for medical decision to be based on, and it does not appear to be increasing, more precise methods, such as full-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit solvent, are also discussed. Then, to describe the goal of interpreting human genetic variations at large scale through MD simulations, we restrictively refer to all possible protein variants carrying single-amino-acid substitutions arising from single-nucleotide variations as the human variome. We calculate its size and develop a simple model that allows calculating the simulation time needed to have a 0.99 probability of observing unfolding events of any unstable variant. The knowledge of that time enables performing a binary classification of the variants (stable-potentially neutral/unstable-pathogenic). Our model indicates that the human variome cannot be simulated with present computing capabilities. However, if they continue to increase as per Moore’s law, it could be simulated (at 65°C) spending only 3 years in the task if we started in 2031. The simulation of individual protein variomes is achievable in short times starting at present. International coordination seems appropriate to embark upon massive MD simulations of protein variants.