bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URBANISMO SOB A ÓTICA DE GÊNERO: O ESPAÇO URBANO (NÃO) VIVENCIADO PELA MULHER NO JARDIM ESPLANADA EM TEODORO SAMPAIO –SP
Authors: Santos Bruna Eduarda de Lima , Aguiar Victor Martins de , Maria Yeda Ruiz
Published: February 2022

The urban space is constituted by several cultural and social manifestations arising from the experiences produced by the population, so that it is evident the importance of designing more inclusive and participatory places. However, the urban models to which the cities are being planned follow socially constructed parameters based on the inherent needs of the male gender. The insufficiency of public policies in small and medium-sized cities in the interior, as well as in big cities, causes social and urban problems, as verified in the Jardim Esplanada neighborhood in Teodoro Sampaio, a city in the interior of São Paulo State. Thus, this paper aims to analyze urban uses by women in Jardim Esplanada in order to understand the vulnerability factors and highlight the need for the application of urban development public policies for the institution of more inclusive and gender-equal urban spaces. Considering the analytical process, this study was developed from an "intuitive mapping" produced by direct observations at the site and demarcation of urban appropriations and areas of vulnerability experienced by women, serving as the main stimulus for the work. To complement this, a bibliographic and documental review was also carried out.
Deep Learning Approach Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Estimate the Severity of Aphasia in Stroke Patients
Authors: Jeong Soo , Lee Eun-Jae , Kim Yong-Hwan , Woo Jin Cheol , Ryu On-Wha , Kwon Miseon , Kwon Sun U , Kim Jong S. , Kang Dong-Wha
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the applicability of deep learning (DL) model using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data to predict the severity of aphasia at an early stage in acute stroke patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with aphasia caused by acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory, who visited Asan Medical Center between 2011 and 2013. To implement the DL model to predict the severity of post-stroke aphasia, we designed a deep feed-forward network and utilized the lesion occupying ratio from DWI data and established clinical variables to estimate the aphasia quotient (AQ) score (range, 0 to 100) of the Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery. To evaluate the performance of the DL model, we analyzed Cohen’s weighted kappa with linear weights for the categorized AQ score (0–25, very severe; 26–50, severe; 51–75, moderate; ≥76, mild) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for continuous values.Results We identified 225 post-stroke aphasia patients, of whom 176 were included and analyzed. For the categorized AQ score, Cohen’s weighted kappa coefficient was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.76; P<0.001). For continuous AQ score, the correlation coefficient between true AQ scores and model-estimated values was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.83; P<0.001).Conclusions DL approaches using DWI data may be feasible and useful for estimating the severity of aphasia in the early stage of stroke.
Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on the Quality of Stroke Care in Stroke Units and Alternative Wards: A National Comparative Analysis
Authors: Cadilhac Dominique A. , Kim Joosup , Cloud Geoffrey , Anderson Craig S. , Tod Emma K. , Breen Sibilah J. , Faux Steven , Kleinig Timothy , Castley Helen , Lindley Richard I. , Middleton Sandy , Yan Bernard , Hill Kelvin , Jones Brett , Shah Darshan , Jaques Katherine , Clissold Benjamin , Campbell Bruce , Lannin Natasha A. ,   on Behalf of the AuSCR COVID-19 Reporting Consortium Group
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose Changes to hospital systems were implemented from March 2020 in Australia in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, including decreased resources allocated to stroke units. We investigate changes in the quality of acute care for patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack during the pandemic according to patients’ treatment setting (stroke unit or alternate ward).Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted with stroke or transient ischemic attack between January 2019 and June 2020 in the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR). The AuSCR monitors patients’ treatment setting, provision of allied health and nursing interventions, prescription of secondary prevention medications, and discharge destination. Weekly trends in the quality of care before and during the pandemic period were assessed using interrupted time series analyses.Results In total, 18,662 patients in 2019 and 8,850 patients in 2020 were included. Overall, 75% were treated in stroke units. Before the pandemic, treatment in a stroke unit was superior to alternate wards for the provision of all evidence-based therapies assessed. During the pandemic period, the proportion of patients receiving a swallow screen or assessment, being discharged to rehabilitation, and being prescribed secondary prevention medications decreased by 0.58% to 1.08% per week in patients treated in other ward settings relative to patients treated in stroke units. This change represented a 9% to 17% increase in the care gap between these treatment settings during the period of the pandemic that was evaluated (16 weeks).Conclusions During the first 6 months of the pandemic, widening care disparities between stroke units and alternate wards have occurred.
HR practices in the context of the Internet of Things
Authors: Kremer Kristian
Published: February 2022

In an increasingly competitive business environment, it has become important for business organizations to equip themselves with the latest technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) is considered to be one of the major emerging technologies. By connecting physical objects with the internet, the IoT allows things or smart objects to operate autonomously in a context-adequate way. There is a broad range of business application domains for the IoT. However, most of the research initiatives focus on technological issues in the context of logistics, manufacturing, retailing, and healthcare. That is why it seems to be important to elaborate on application possibilities of the IoT in human resource management (HRM). The present paper aims at providing a perspective on how the application of the IoT can be used to improve core HR practices.
Profitability management of tourism sector in AP Vojvodina
Authors: Mirović Vera , Kalaš Branimir , Milenković Nada , Andrašić Jelena
Published: February 2022

Tourism plays an increasingly important role in the economic flows of each country. Recognizing the tourist potential of AP Vojvodina is an important task for the creators of the economic policy of our country. In order to make a favourable tourism environment with quality tourist content and products, it is necessary for tourist entities to operate stably and successfully. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of financial performance of firms in tourism sector in terms of profitability. The subject of the paper is to analyse the effects of internal factors on profitability level of 3456 firms in tourism sector in AP Vojvodina for the period 2015-2019. The results of the analysis indicate that observed firms were profitable during the analysed period, where average ROA was 1.81% and average ROE was 3.4%. Empirical analysis shows that internal factors such as firm size, sales revenue, earnings before interest and taxes and financial stability have positive impact on profitability, while liquidity and debt negatively affect the profitability of firms in tourism sector.
Análise econômica da produção de milho verde em resposta a adubos verdes, azospirillum brasilense e nitrogênio
Authors: Oliveira Cléverson de Ávila , Picazevicz Angelita Aparecida Coutinho
Published: February 2022

O milho (Zea mays L.) é o cereal mais produzido no mundo. No entanto, para se produzir milho verde a uma grande dependência em relação aos fertilizantes químicos. Assim, são necessários estudos envolvendo práticas conservacionista que preserve o meio ambiente, amplie as áreas de plantio e reduza o alto custo com fertilizantes químicos. Objetivou-se analisar economicamente a produção de milho verde em resposta a diferentes adubos verdes, a inoculação das sementes de milho com a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense e a aplicação de nitrogênio no solo. Avaliando os efeitos isolados e combinados sobre as características morfológicas e agronômicas da variedade AG 1051, na região de Cacoal/RO. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de campo, durante os meses de outubro de 2018 a agosto de 2019, o delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, considerando cinco tratamentos com cinco repetições, os tratamentos foram constituídos por: Tratamento 1 – Plantas espontâneas + adubação nitrogenada; Tratamento 2 – Coquetel de adubos verdes + Azospirillum brasilense; Tratamento 3 – Crotalária spectabilis + Azospirillum brasilense; Tratamento 4 – Feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformis) + Azospirillum brasilense e Tratamento 5 – Feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan) + Azospirillum brasilense. Os resultados mostraram ser viáveis para o tratamento com plantas espontâneas + adubação nitrogenada, apresentaram um maior desempenho de produção de espigas comerciais, a massa da espiga sem palha (MESP) apresentou em média 208g por unidade, comprimento de espigas (CE) 18,9 cm e espessura da espiga (EE) 4,27 cm.
Comparação de sistemas de produção de pitaya (Hylocereus Costaricensis) com diferentes níveis tecnológicos na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Loureiro João Paulo Borges de , Pires Adriana Paiva dos Praseres , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Rebello Fabrício Khoury
Published: February 2022

O artigo objetivou analisar a sensibilidade da produção de pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) fertirrigada no município de Tomé-Açu/PA. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas com produtores locais para levantar informações sobre os custos de produção de um hectare (10.000 m²) e compreender as características dos principais canais de comercialização da produção. Para análise dos dados, usou-se o software Excel para a elaboração de fluxos de caixa, cálculo de indicadores de viabilidade econômica e realização de análise da sensibilidade dos custos e preços no intervalo de 2016 a 2018, além de realizar projeções para o ano de 2019 com base na Média Móvel Ponderada (MMP). Na comparação entre o primeiro e o último ano, identificou-se o aumento dos custos de produção, assim como a queda no preço de comercialização no canal principal. Constatou-se, também, um aumento de mais de 23% no valor de investimento inicial e queda da MCU, além do acréscimo no tempo de retorno do investimento. As oscilações nos preços impactaram consideravelmente a rentabilidade da produção no período de 2016 a 2018 e o valor projetado para 2019, sendo que a principal diferença ocorreu entre os anos de 2017 a 2018, nos quais o VPL, a uma taxa desconto de 10% a.a., apresentou retração de R$67.333,82. Observou-se, no entanto, que os indicadores se mostraram viáveis em todos os períodos observados e projetados, com o VPL possuindo resultados positivos em todos os cenários — o IBC > 1 e a TIR > TMA —, comprovando a viabilidade econômica da atividade.
Identificação do perfil químico das raízes de Euterpe oleracea Mart. empregando CG-EM
Authors: Costa Karen Albuquerque Dias da , Benjamim Jaisielle Kelem França , Santos Kyouk Isabel Portilho dos , Reis André Silva dos , Santos Alberdan Silva
Published: February 2022

Euterpe oleracea Mart.  é uma importante palmeira cujas infusões de suas raízes são empregadas na medicina tradicional para o tratamento de várias doenças. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o perfil químico das raízes desta espécie, variedade açaí preto. As extrações, a transesterificação, a digestão e as reações de derivatização com BSTFA+1%TMCS foram realizadas com agitação assistida por ultrassom. Os concentrados foram analisados por CG-EM, empregando uma coluna capilar ZB-5HT INFERNO (30m x 0,25mm x 0,10 µm). De acordo com os resultados, foi possível identificar o perfil químico das raízes de Euterpe oleracea Mart, onde foram encontrados ácidos graxos insaturados, como o ácido oleico e palmitoleico, e ácidos fenólicos, como o ácido vanílico, p-cumárico, cafeico e 4-hidroxibenzoico.  A descrição do perfil metabólico nas raízes de E. oleracea Mart. abre perspectiva de investigação do uso destas raízes e suas possíveis atividades biológicas.
Estimativa de produtividade potencial para cana-de-açúcar entre as safras 2014 e 2018 na cidade de Jaciara
Authors: Tomás Maria da Graça , Silva Josimar Brito da , Silva Hellen Lilian Matos da , Guedes Paulo Otavio Aldaves dos Santos
Published: February 2022

A cana de açúcar (Saccharum spp.) representa uma parte relevante da economia brasileira no setor do agronegócio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a produtividade potencial da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB 835486 de ciclo precoce (11 a 13 meses), cultivada em Jaciara-MT durante os anos de 2014 a 2018. O método utilizado para obtenção da estimativa desejada baseou-se no da Zona Agroecológica da FAO (MZA). Para os anos estudados, constatou-se que a produtividade estimada das safras 2015/2016 e 2017/2018 apresentaram decréscimo de 71% e 74% respectivamente em relação a produtividade real, provavelmente devido à pouca precipitação pluviométrica que afetouo armazenamento de água no solo e consequentemente ocasionou um déficit hídrico maior para estas safras em relação ao demais anos.
Uso de imagens Landsat 8 para análise das temperaturas superficiais do município de Imperatriz, MA
Authors: Azevedo George Fernandes , Santos Lucas Leite , Bezerra Raul de Jesus Costa
Published: February 2022

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a obtenção de mapas representativos das temperaturas superficiais do município de Imperatriz, MA a partir de imagens Landsat 8, bem como a respectiva análise dos mesmos, verificando aspectos tanto espaciais como temporais dos dados obtidos para as datas de 7 de julho de 2014, 24 de junho de 2015 e 28 de julho de 2016. A partir dos resultados gerados, foi possível identificar a relação entre o aumento das temperaturas em certos pontos do município, muito em decorrência de áreas de solo exposto, presença de atividades agrícolas e focos de queimadas, como também a diminuição desses valores em outras áreas, a exemplo o resultado de áreas com presenças de corpos d’água, que é o caso do limite Oeste do município onde se encontra o rio Tocantins e também de áreas com vegetação mais densa, mais encontradas na área central do município. A partir disso, é possível observar que as tecnologias de geoprocessamento e sistema de informação geográfica podem se mostrar vantajosos em diversas pesquisa de âmbito ambiental, outro ponto a ser citado é a importância das áreas de cobertura vegetal em perímetros próximos a região urbana, pois equilibram o clima de forma a diminuir as condições térmicas locais.
Comparação de métodos da análise de estabilidade e modelagem estatística para previsão do fator de segurança do talude
Authors: Nunes Alisson Corrêa , Santos Lucas Cristiano Mendes , Araujo Rodrigo da Cruz de
Published: February 2022

Os estudos geotécnicos são de extrema importância mediante a qualquer obra a ser realizada, seja em fundações de prédios, em terraplenagens ou em cortes e aterros. Em relação a estabilidade de taludes e seu uso costumeiro em obras da construção civil, não é diferente, sendo necessário analisar e programar ações no solo, uma vez que as consequências causadas pela ruptura em taludes são na maioria das vezes imensuráveis. Este presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise sobre a variação dos fatores de segurança obtidos por diferentes métodos ante a simulação de variações de parâmetros de um talude e, a partir desses resultados, obter equações capazes de fornecer o fator de segurança do talude a partir dos valores de tais parâmetros. Para tal, foi utilizado um talude localizado em São Luís/MA. Os parâmetros considerados foram coesão, ângulo de atrito, peso específico do solo e altura do talude. Os cálculos de fatores de segurança pelos métodos de Bishop, Fellenius e Morgenstern-Price foram realizados com a utilização de um software de análise de estabilidade de taludes chamado Geo5. Os resultados das simulações mostraram alta correlação e convergência dos valores obtidos pelos três métodos. Por fim, as equações obtidas apresentaram resultados estatísticos satisfatórios de previsibilidade do fator de segurança, demonstram potencial de serem utilizadas em anteprojetos.
Dimensionamento e avaliação de wetland construído utilizado para tratamento de efluente doméstico em área rural: um estudo de caso
Authors: Sartor Daniela , Motta Janieli Aparecida Minski da , Medeiros Raphael Corrêa , Decezaro Samara Terezinha
Published: February 2022

O uso de wetlands construídos no tratamento descentralizado de efluentes é uma forma de melhorar o saneamento das populações desfavorecidas e alternativa para as áreas rurais. O presente estudo objetivou dimensionar e avaliar o desempenho do tratamento de efluentes domésticos em área rural através do sistema tipo wetland construído de fluxo horizontal (WCFH), precedido de tanque séptico. O tanque séptico foi dimensionado e construído obedecendo a NBR 7229/1993, já o WCFH, seguiu as orientações de Philippi et al. (2004), e vegetado com macrófitas da família Cannaceae. O sistema entrou em operação fevereiro de 2018. O monitoramento do sistema se deu por meio de coletas pontuais para análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas, por um período de dois meses. A unidade apresentou eficiências de remoção de 79 % para turbidez, 68% para demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, 55 % para demanda química de oxigênio, 21% de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl, 31% para coliformes totais e 11% para Escherichia coli. Devido ao elevado carregamento de sólidos aplicado na seção transversal do WCFH, indícios de colmatação foram observados no material filtrante após 45 dias de operação. No entanto, mesmo com este problema, o desempenho do tratamento foi satisfatório, sendo uma alternativa para o tratamento de esgoto doméstico.
Adsorção de azul de metileno por meio de resíduos de Poincianella pluviosa var. peltophoroides (Benth.) L.P. Queiroz
Authors: Teixeira Iago Rosa Felberg , Vernasqui Laís Gimenes , Sia Nathalia Bordon Pironato , Medeiros Flavia Vieira da Silva
Published: February 2022

O setor têxtil é responsável pela geração de efluentes com corantes sintéticos, como o azul de metileno, que por sua vez são lançados aos corpos hídricos afetando a biota local. A sibipiruna é comumente utilizada como arborização urbana, sendo que suas podas podem ser transformadas em biossorventes devido às suas características lignocelulósicas, agregando assim valor econômico para este tipo de resíduo sólido. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar o estudo da adsorção do corante azul de metileno através do biossorvente obtido pela poda de sibipiruna. Para a obtenção do biossorvente, o material passou por um tratamento térmico em que foi transformado em carvão. Após o tratamento, foram feitas as análises de espectroscopia Raman e MEV, além dos estudos cinéticos e as isotermas. A espectroscopia Raman mostrou que o carvão é um material grafítico não perfeito e o MEV apresentou seu alto grau de porosidade. O estudo cinético mostrou que o carvão tem um tempo ótimo de adsorção de 240 minutos e eficiência máxima de 98%, além disso, o modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem. Sobre a isoterma, os dados foram melhor ajustados pelo modelo de Langmuir, representando assim que o processo de adsorção é favorável. Além disso, o valor apresentado para o fator de separação indica que o processo de adsorção avaliado neste trabalho é favorável. Portanto, o uso da poda de sibipiruna mostrou-se eficiente e podendo, assim, ser utilizado como alternativa para tratamento de efluentes contaminados com corantes.
Estudo das emissões fugitivas de biogás a partir da camada de cobertura dos aterros sanitários
Authors: Vilela Paulo Sérgio de Jesus , Dantas Camylla Rachelle Aguiar Araújo
Published: February 2022

O biogás é constituído principalmente por metano e dióxido de carbono, ambos gases de efeito estufa, que quando não gerenciados devidamente, causam diversos impactos relacionados à poluição atmosférica, alcançando níveis globais. Esse composto químico é emitido pelos aterros sanitários à atmosfera, sendo controlado, entre outros fatores, pelo tipo de camada de cobertura empregada sobre o aterro. Mesmo os aterros que possuem sistema de drenagem dos gases, uma fração deles escapa para superfície pela camada de cobertura na forma de emissões fugitivas, requerendo dessa forma, atitudes para mensuração e mitigação desse fenômeno. Nesse cenário, o estudo em questão teve como objetivo, a exposição dos principais aspectos abordados na literatura relacionados às camadas de coberturas dos aterros sanitários e suas emissões fugitivas, tipos de materiais utilizados nas camadas de cobertura, além de métodos empregados para mensuração e controle das emissões do biogás. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), SciELO, Google Acadêmico, além de normas, relatórios, protocolos nacionais e internacionais, leis, teses e dissertações, encontradas na base de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi possível observar que as emissões fugitivas estão diretamente ligadas às características geotécnicas do solo utilizado na camada de cobertura do aterro e de fatores e elementos climáticos da região onde o aterro é instalado. Outro fator observado foi a variedade de tipos e configurações para as camadas de coberturas, além da utilização de materiais alternativos para melhorar suas propriedades e/ou diminuir custos de operação.
Mapeamento da suscetibilidade a inundações em áreas urbanas: estudo de caso no município de Marabá, Sudeste do estado do Pará, Região Norte do Brasil
Authors: Dias Matheus Barros , Galina Nássila Ribeiro , Alves Camila Nascimento
Published: February 2022

A inundação urbana é tão antiga quanto as aglomerações humanas que formam cidades. Esse fenômeno é causado pela natureza e pode ser intensificado por ações antrópicas como o crescimento urbano sem planejamento. Com o aumento populacional sem planejamento adequado, a população do município de Marabá sofre todos os anos com enchentes em áreas ribeirinhas devido ao aumento do nível d’água no Rio Itacaiúnas e Rio Tocantins associado aos períodos de intensa precipitação pluviométrica que ocorre entre os meses de Janeiro a Abril. Em março de 2020 a prefeitura do município de Marabá decretou situação de emergência, em conformidade com a Lei 12.608/2012, em razão das áreas afetadas pelas enchentes ribeirinhas. O presente trabalho realiza um mapeamento de áreas de risco de suscetibilidade à inundação no município de Marabá-PA. Realizou-se uma análise multicritério envolvendo diversas vertentes da área do conhecimento, como topografia, hidrologia, geologia e solos da região, através do emprego do Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) e Processo de Identificação de Inundação por cotas.  Ao término do estudo constatou-se que existem vários pontos de suscetibilidade à inundação presente nos núcleos Marabá Pioneira, São Felix, Nova Marabá e Cidade Nova. Todos estes associados a falta de planejamento urbano com a ocupação de áreas muito próximas a corpos hídricos.
Estimativa da evapotranspiração real utilizando geotecnologias na região do semiárido, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros José Ludemario da Silva , Jesus Iuri Souza de , Silva Tássio Jordan Rodrigues Dantas da , Nascimento Maxsuel Bezerra do , Cezário Janaína Aparecida , Paiva William de , Santos Laércio Leal dos , Campos Gabriella Moreira , Moitinho Elicarla Barbosa , Fonseca Lucas Leite da Silva
Published: February 2022

A evapotranspiração é um importante componente do ciclo hidrológico e suas informações quantitativas são essenciais para o manejo sustentável dos recursos hídricos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a Evapotranspiração Real (ETr) diária da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Jacaré (BHRJ), localizado na microrregião de Irecê no Estado da Bahia. A metodologia do estudo foi baseada na utilização de ferramentas de geoprocessamento em conjunto com o algoritmo SEBAL para se estimar os componentes do balanço de energia no período de 30/01/2019 à 27/09/2019. Dentre os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que os valores de EA e ER para o dia 30 de janeiro de 2019 foi de 4,76 mm dia-1 e 48, 3%, respectivamente. Além disso, os menores erros encontrados foram para o dia 27/09/2019 obtendo EA de 0,08 mm dia-1 e ER de 3 %. Por fim, espera-se que os resultados alcançados por meio deste estudo sirvam de base para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos das bacias hidrográficas, principalmente as inseridas na região do Nordeste brasileiro.
Jyllands øde agre
Authors: Glob P.V.
Published: February 2022

The abandoned fields of JutlandScattered over the heaths of Jutland can be seen rectangular systems of mounds enclosing areas of various sizes (fig. 1). They are the mounds formed by drifting sand around prehistoric fields. Visible evidence of the correctness of this interpretation is provided by the point of the prehistoric plough, whose traces have been identified in several places as dark lines on the surface of the subsoil.Objects found in association with these fields show that many of them belong to the beginning of the Early Iron Age, or the middle of the first millenium B.C., while the latest sites date to the Later Roman Iron Age, the fourth century A.D. Many of them have only been cultivated for a short time, perhaps only for some few generations. A cattle disease, known in Jutland as "vosk", which raged widely under the two world wars, may provide an explanation of their abandonment.This disease attacks especially grass-eating domestic animals, particularly the ruminants. It is a deficiency disease, caused by a shortage of cobalt (Co) in the soil in which the animals' foodstuffs grow. It affects chiefly sheep and cattle, and took such a hold during the late war that the entire stock in certain areas died. Its especial virulence during the wars was caused by the stopping of the import of oilcake, particularly of linseed cake.If the occurrence of prehistoric fields be plotted on a map showing the areas affected by this disease a considerable degree of agreement is evidenced (fig. 2). The deficiency of cobalt which causes the disease is a result of the leaching of the topsoil after the Ice Age, a process which was far advanced in the Jutland heath districts as early as the Stone and Bronze Ages, as sections taken under tumuli have established. The leached topsoil - "podsolized soil" - is especially prevalent in the sandy areas of Jutland, the very areas in which it has resulted in cobalt deficiency and in which the prehistoric fields occur (fig. 3).This identical distribution of cattle disease, podsolized soil and abandoned fields (figs 2 & 3) mirrors without doubt an internal connection of cause and effect; it is therefore reasonable to believe that it is this same cattle disease which compelled the population of prehistoric times to seek new areas of settlement in Jutland, and perhaps even drove them beyond the frontier. Investigations show that a large proportion of the fields were abandoned in the Celtic Iron Age, which is just the period during which the wanderings of the Cimbri and Teutones took place. If these tribes originated from Jutland then the most important single cause of their colossal campaigns can perhaps be found in the cattle disease here described, the Himmerland "vosk".P.V. Glob
Blokfløjter fra oldtid og middelalder
Authors: Nielsen S. Vestergaard
Published: February 2022

Flutes from prehistoric and medieval times. In 1950, in the course of digging a new bed for the Lilleaa, a fairly large jar, of a type common in the Celtic Iron Age, was met with at a depth of about 1½ meters a little to the east of Vesterbølle. According to the finder the flute shown in fig. 2 lay in the jar.It is formed of the shinbone of a roe deer, the one knuckle being shaped to form a mouthpiece and the other cut off. It is 15 cms. long, with an almost square blowhole (8 X 8 mm.) cut 16 mms. from the end and three bored tone holes, 8 mms. apart, conical in shape and 5 mms. in diameter at the surface, the nearest being 5.8 cms. from the edge of the blowhole. The plug for the mouthpiece is missing.Such primitive musical instruments are rare, this being the eighth found in Denmark and the only one which can be dated with certainty to the prehistoric era.The previous seven are illustrated here: No. 1 (fig. 3) is from a New Stone Age settlement on Bornholm but its dating to the New Stone Age is uncertain as no other bone objects survived. Such a date is typologically unlikely. It is made of the shinbone of a sheep and is 14 ½ cms. long. No. 2 (fig. 4) is made of the shinbone of a sheep and is 17 ½ cms. long. Its fin ding place is unknown. No. 3 (fig. 5) was found near the surface at Hals Skanse. It is of a legbone and is 15½ cms. long. No. 4 (fig. 6) was found under the floor of Egelund farm, built 1869, in Paarup. It is 17½ cms. long and formed of the shinbone of a sheep. No. 5 (fig. 7), from Budolfi Square in Aalborg, was found in a culture layer dated 1000-1200 AD. It is 15.2 cms. long. No. 6 (fig. 8) lay in peat near Nyborg. It is 15.6 cms. long and made of a legbone. No. 7 (fig. 9) is 14 cms. long and was found in Svendborg together with medieval potsherds. Similar objects are known from abroad, including seven from Sweden and one from Hedeby.The dating of these flutes is uncertain. Even disregarding the Stone Age dating of no. 1 they appear to extend from the Early Iron Age to Late Medieval times, while no. 4 may not be much more than 100 years old. Efforts to find dateable specimens from more recent times have been without result.The worth of these flutes as musical instruments has been only scantily investigated, but the small number of tone holes and the irregular distances between them would result in only primitive music. It would be natural to regard them as precursors of or parallel to the shepherd pipes made from willow or elder stems.S. Vestergaard Nielsen
Et magisk fangstlokkemiddel
Authors: Marstrander Sverre
Published: February 2022

A magical hunting charm At the farm of Åsmundvåg, Hitra in Trøndelag, Norway (fig. 1), a small figurine of dark slate was accidentally found (fig. 2), which in all probability represents the smallest of all cetaceans in Norwegian waters, the common porpoise (fig. 3), which as early as the Stone Age must have been commonly hunted. Of 36 rock-carved whale figures, no less than 29 have been identified as porpoises.The fields below the site of the find were originally the innermost narrow part of the present arm of the Åsmund fjord. The sculpture has several details which indicate careful observation of nature. The blow-hole, navel, and anal opening are rendered. Grooves on the sides of the belly denote the fore-limbs.The figurine from Hitra falls naturally into the same category as a number of small sculptures which it is natural to interpret as magical hunting charms, for instance the bird figurine from the Solsem cave in Trøndelag (fig. 4) and a characteristic seal sculpture from Nord-Sunde, Håland in Rogaland (fig. 5).Similar charms are well known among the Eskimos (fig. 6-7) and other primitive people. They are used by the Eskimos both during normal sea-hunting and when fishing from the ice, and are widespread from the Asiatic Eskimos in the far west to the tribes in East Greenland. They were also known in the ancient Eskimo Thule Culture which originated in Alaska, whence it spread to the whole Eskimo area.Also from later periods we can find traces of similar forms of pictorial magic in that whole complex of rites and customs attached to hunting and fishing. In Sparbu in North Trøndelag wooden fish figurines were still being used in the 1930s to ensure a good catch.The whale figurine from Hitra must be seen in connection with that group of miniatures which is characteristic for the later hunting cultures in North Scandinavia and the Finnish-Baltic-Russian area. This art must have originated in the comb­pottery area of East Europe.It is impossible to date the figurine more closely. It is probably no earlier than the oldest examples of miniature sculpture from the Middle Neolithic, but can on the other hand hardly be later than the Bronze Age.This find was made in a fjord system into which small whales found their way from ancient times. In the find from the Hestnes cave somewhat nearer the mouth of the fjord, dated to the Early Iron Age, there were found not only bones of fish, animals and sea-birds, but the remains of seals and killer whales. Especially on Hitra, but also at a few other spots along the coast, there has been found, sometimes fished up from great depths, a number of heavy slate points, up to 23½ cm long, which it is not unreasonable to believe have been used on big sea animals, seals and whales. This newly found sculpture suggests that certain magical accessories have been part of the whale-hunting equipment.Sverre Marstrander
Sarup, et befæstet neolitisk anlæg på Sydvestfyn
Authors: Andersen Niels H.
Published: February 2022

Sarup, a fortified Neolithic site lnvestigations have started at Sarup in south-western Funen of a Neolithic settlement situated on a sandy promontory (fig. 1). At that part of the promontory where there was no natural boundary, traces were found of defence works consisting of several long ditches and of palisades.The ditches are interrupted about every 15 m by courseways (fig. 1). Two of them have been investigated so far (I and II in fig. 2). Ditch I is 16.3 m long with a maximum width of just under 5 m and a subsoil depth of about 1.4 m. A cross­section reveals a 2 m wide, flat bottom; the ditch was also flat in longitudinal section. Wind-blown sand quickly began to fill it and is found in layers along the bottom and sides. When the ditch fell into disrepair, four Middle Neolithic habitation layers were deposited in it (7). At the bottom of the ditch, without connection with any habitation layer, a large funnel beaker was found (fig. 4 and 5). Its position in the ditch must correspond approximately to the period in which the ditch was dug, Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker period I.A rich artefact material of flint and pottery was found in both the ditches investigated so far (8)(fig. 6).West of ditch I a double palisade ditch (a in fig. 2) has so far been found, with traces of posts placed close together. South-west of ditch I this palisade was interrupted by a pair of transverse palisades (b in fig. 2 and fig. 7), which ran out into the area between ditch I and another ditch (III) south of this. West of palisade a, ditch IV and ditch II, traces of yet another palisade (c in fig. 2) were found.It is difficult to say whether there has ever been a rampart between the long ditches and the palisade at Sarup, but the large quantities of earth excavated from the ditch must have been dumped somewhere. Excavation has shown, however, that in those areas where the rampart should be expected, pits have been dug into the subsoil in MN IJ, so it must have been removed before this.Besides these remains of a defence system, investigations within its area have revealed a considerable number of rubbish pits and post holes, which with rich surface finds show that the area was settled in several of the Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker periods. It is hoped that future investigations here will reveal the pattern of settlement.Niels H. Andersen
Else Roesdahl 60 år
Authors: Wilson David M.
Published: February 2022

Else Roesdahl reaches 60l first met Else Roesdahl in 1969, when, newly graduated, she was working as an assistant in the National Museum. This was the foun­dation of a friendship which spans her professional career.Else was born on Als and her sense of history and her fierce in dependence is based in the background of her family, which was deeply involved in the politics of Sønderjylland after 1864. Although she studied in Copenhagen, she returned to Jutl and with her husband, Erich Lange, in 1970, and soon became firmly established in Aarhus University.As a student (and later as a postgraduate) she took par t in P.V. Glob’s Bahrain expedi­tions .The three seasons she spent there deep­ly influenced her development as an archae­ologist and scholar. The dig excited her sense of adventure and stimulated her to travel in India, Afghanistan, Iran and Egypt, develop­ing an interest in pottery and glass originally in stilled by her father, a learned collector. At home she took part in many other excavations. She is, for example, proud of the fact that at Skuldelev she found the beautiful stem of Wreck 3.Concentrating on the Viking Age she became, through such outlets as the Viking Congress, party to an innovative critical interdisciplin ary approach to the period. Nowhere is this better expressed than in the annual and successful tværfaglige Vikingesymposium, of which she is one of the most influential organisers, or in the foundation of the Aarhus Centre for Viking and Medieval Studies. She excavated with Olaf Olsen at all the Trelleborg fortresses, and in 1970 joined him in the newly- founded department of medieval archaeology at Moesgård. Succeeding as head of department in 1981, she was promoted professor in 1996.Although engaged with the whole of the Middle Ages, her first enthusiasm was for the Viking Age. With Olaf Olsen and Holger Schmidt, she published the Fyrkat excava­tions in 1977, and it is a tribute to the academic integrity of both Olaf and Else that, though differing in their conclusions, they did not fall out – disproving the adage, ‘archaeology is not a discipline, it’s a vendetta’.Much in demand internationally, she was deeply in volved in the organisation of the Vikings in England exhibition in 1981-2, and was the coordinator of the magnificent exhibition Viking og Hvidechrist in 1992-3. The catalogue which she edited for this exhibition, together with her books Danmarks Vikingetid and Vikingernes Verden, are now central to any stud y of the Viking Age and have been translated into many languages. She has edited many other books, most recently Dagligliv i Danmarks middelalder, and,with Mogens Bencard, wrote the pionering Dansk middel­alderlertøj.She has many honours – among them the Dannebrog, a LittD from Dublin, a special professorship at Nottingham, and corresponding fellowships of learned bodies in Germany and England – but it is her friendship, scholarship and wit that we celebrate on her sixtieth birthday.David M .WilsonCastletown Isle of ManOversat til dansk af Annette Lerche Trolle
Til bords med Marsk Stig – En oversigt over keramikken fra Hjelm
Authors: Larsen Jette Linaa
Published: February 2022

Dining with Marsk Stig A survey of the Hjelm pottery Potsherds occur frequently in nearly every excavation of a medieval settlement. Working with this abundance of sherds is usually a laborious job, but it is sometimes very rewarding. This was the case when during recent years the small island of Hjelm off the east coast of Jutland was excavated. The Hjelm excavation was published in 2002. However, the pottery is interesting enough to deserve special treatment.The Hjelm pottery stems from the period between 1290, when the castles on Hjelm were built, and 1306, when King Erik Men­ved captured the island and burnt down the settlement. Consequently, an examination of the Hjelm pottery is important for two reasons: Firstly, because the castles were connected to a certain class, and secondly, because they had a very short lifetime. The amount of pottery found on Hjelm is not large. In all, 854 sherds were found during the excavations of Fyrbakken (the Lighthouse Hill), Kastelbakken (the Citadel Hill), Mønt­værkstedet (the Mint), and certain areas in the open landscape (fig. 1). The pottery finds consist of glazed jugs for the table, unglazed, grey cooking pots, and a number of colourful, imported jugs for serving and drinking. There are relatively few rim types represented, which may be due to the short lifetime of the castles (fig. 2). The glazed jugs have a plastic decoration of strips, scales, or ‘raspberries’ – all known from a number of other finds (figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6). A visual examination of the fabric indicates that the majority of the domestic pottery was made by potters on the Djursland peninsula. Apart from the domestic pottery, there is a considerable amount of imported white fabric jugs and early stoneware (fig.7), such as polychrome white fabric jugs from Rouen and Saintonge (fig. 8) and early stoneware jugs made in the Rhine and Weser areas (figs. 9 and 10). In view of the dating of the castles, it is interesting that only early stoneware occurs on the island, whereas completely sintered stoneware is absent. This indicates that ‘proper’ stoneware did not reach the area until the early 14th century. The variation within the imported pottery is considerable, with pottery from many different places of origin. This suggests that Marsk Stig (Lord High Constable Stig Andersen) and his men attached importance to the maintenance of a cosmopolitan lifestyle with an emphasis on the pleasures of the table, on status, and on demonstrating power. Jette Linaa LarsenMoesgård MuseumTranslated by Annette Lerche Trolle
Klassifikation af mønter fra Valdemartiden
Authors: Horsnæs Helle W.
Published: February 2022

Classification of coins from the Valdemar eraThoughts prompted by a coin from Gudme church

Coin dates are often considered to be accurate by archaeologists and historians. Indeed, many coin types can be dated to within a short period, often because of date inscriptions. But when dealing with anonymous coin types, we must rely on the archaeological toolbox: classification, typology and contextual evidence. In particular, the definition of types, subtypes and variations contains elements of subjectivity. Peter Hauberg published his fundamental typology for the period 1157-1241 in 1906, but only 4 years later the enormous hoard from Grenaa, most likely deposited in 1214-1234, multiplied both the known number of coins and the number of coin types from Jutland. Since then, new finds have been relatively rare, and these are mainly single finds with no datable context.The article takes as its starting point a coin found in Gudme church, with a royal portrait on the obverse and a Golgata depiction on the reverse. It reviews several coin types from the late 12th and early 13th century with the same combination of motifs. It concludes that types present in the Grenaa hoard, such as that represented by the coin from Gudme, are most likely from the first third of the 13th century, but we cannot exclude the possibility that some may be a little earlier. The dating of other types with related motifs is less certain; they may be a little earlier or even a little later, given that the overall design (king/symbol) of these types continued in use well into the mid-13th century. The types reviewed here can be divided into two groups based on their size and weight. The smaller/lighter types have mainly been found in Jutland (figs. 9, 15-18, 22-24). Many are represented in the Grenaa hoard and some specimens derive from the Bokel hoard in Germany. The larger/heavier types have a more eastern distribution, concentrated on the island of Funen, with only a single specimen in the Grenaa hoard. It is suggested that this group (figs. 1-14 and 19-21), including the Gudme coin (fig. 14), were actually struck on Funen (probably at the episcopal seat in Odense). They can be related to other rare and near-contemporary coin types with a similar concentration of finds on Funen.
En sværdskede fra ældre bronzealder
Authors: Sylvest Bent
Published: February 2022

A Scabbard from the Early Bronze AgeOne of a belt of tumuli in the neighbourhood of Nim on the road from Horsens to Brædstrup, in a damaged condition and scheduled for removal, was recently excavated by Horsens Museum. The tumulus had a diameter of 12 meters, and was surrounded by an edge-ring of cobbles. Remains of four secondary graves were found, one a damaged urn from the Late Bronze Age, and the other three stone settings in which urns had originally stood.The central grave consisted of a stone setting 3 by 1 meters, lying east-west with a trough-like depression in the centre (fig. 1). In the trough lay sooty stripes and remains of wood as evidence of an oak-trunk coffin, and the left humerus only of the skeleton, which had lain with its head to the west. Grave furnishings comprised a tutulus, a badly preserved fibula, a bronze dagger in a wooden sheath and, above it, a well-preserved sword in a wooden scabbard (fig. 2). In the scabbard lay also a flint dagger which had clearly been used as a fire-stone, and a little bronze knife. In addition three small pieces of woollen cloth, of two-shaft weave and dark colour, were preserved near the sword.The most important of the objects discovered is the wooden scabbard (figs. 2 b & 3). It was made of two flat wooden battens, glued together at the edges, with a rounded lip and a pointed end. It probably originally possessed a chape of horn, bone or leather, as the sword projected from the end of the scabbard when found. It is decorated with a central rib and two fields of curved lines. The bronze objects must belong to Bronze Age Period 2, and the scabbard can therefore be compared with several other examples of that period 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).Bent Sylvest
Inundaciones y cambio climático: certezas e incertidumbres en el camino a la adaptación
Authors: Benito Gerardo , Beneyto Carles , Aranda José Ángel , Machado Maria J. , Francés Félix , Sánchez-Moya Yolanda
Published: February 2022

En la actualidad existe una gran incertidumbre de los efectos del cambio climático en la peligrosidad de las inundaciones.  Estos caudales extremos dependen de las características de las cuencas y representan una respuesta local que, a menudo, no pueden interpretarse a partir de los modelos de clima. En la práctica, esta incertidumbre dificulta la adaptación a los riesgos futuros según el mandato de la Directiva Europea de Inundaciones (2007/60/EC). En un caso de estudio (Rambla de la Viuda, Castellón) se ha aplicado un análisis de caudales máximos (recurrencia de 100 años) en base a proyecciones de precipitación extrema (escenario RCP 8.5) realizadas con modelos de clima regionales (Eurocordex), y convertidos en caudal instantáneo mediante un modelo hidrológico distribuido (TETIS). El análisis muestra una elevada variabilidad en los resultados, siendo difícil determinar la bondad de los modelos de clima. Por otro lado se han analizado series largas de inundaciones obtenidas a partir de registros históricos y sedimentarios (paleoinundaciones), que permiten obtener los caudales máximos registrados secularmente. Esta información incorpora eventos de inundación que han ocurrido en periodos pasados de calentamiento relativo o de incremento de la actividad de las inundaciones, considerando que los eventos extremos que han acontecido alguna vez pueden repetirse en el futuro. Estos caudales del pasado se han analizado conjuntamente con registros instrumentales mejorando sustancialmente el cálculo de los cuantiles de inundación requeridos en los mapas de peligrosidad de la Directiva de Inundaciones. Los datos de extremos del paleocrecidas permiten validar los datos de los modelos de clima e hidrológicos para los cuantiles altos. Esta aproximación constituye una práctica beneficiosa (win-win actions), de relativo bajo costo, y que permite avanzar en la adaptación al cambio climático. Igualmente, esta información del pasado proporciona una evidencia” real” de sucesos de inundación que posibilitan la recuperación de la cultura del riesgo.