bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kompetenzen in der Telemedizin sind essentiell
Authors: Brockes Christiane , Schmidt-Weitmann Sabine , Battegay Edouard
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung. Das Messen und Sammeln von Gesundheits- und Fitnessdaten sowie die telemedizinische Beratung unterstützen die Eigenverantwortung und Selbstbestimmung des mündigen Bürgers in seiner Gesundheit und fördern das Patient-Empowerment. Da aber der Patient mit dem zunehmenden und weitläufigen Daten- und Informationsangebot mehr und mehr überfordert ist, benötigt er die Hilfe und den Ratschlag seines Arztes. Erfolgt eine telemedizinische Beratung, Betreuung oder Intervention, steht die sofortige individuelle medizinische Handlungskonsequenz als machbare Telemedizin Applikation im Vordergrund. Die Qualität steht und fällt mit der Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung bzw. dem telemedizinischem Know-how der involvierten Ärzte.
Telemedizin in der Schweiz
Authors: Denz Martin Daniel
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Telemedizin versucht stets die neusten Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien zu nutzen. Sie existiert, seit man in der Medizin versucht, medizinische Information und Aktivitäten über räumliche Distanzen hinweg zu führen. Klassische telemedizinische Anwendungsfelder wie die Teleradiologie, Teledermatologie oder Telepathologie haben auch in der Schweiz eher Bezug zu zentrumsnahen Spezialfächern. Parallel dazu hat die Schweizer Telemedizin einen Sonderweg beschritten, indem telemedizinische Konsultationszentren mit einer generalistischen und multiprofessionellen Ausrichtung zum Aufbau integrierter und bevölkerungsnaher Gesundheitsservices beitragen. Daraus entstehen neue interprofessionelle Gesundheitsberufe und -Aktivitäten. Zusammen mit der zunehmenden Mobilität der Bevölkerung und der Verbreitung mobiler Kommunikationsmittel, ergibt sich daraus die Chance, aus dem Strukturwandel unseres Gesundheitssystems heraus, innovative Gesundheitsversorgungsmodelle zu erschaffen.
Mutations in NLRP5 are associated with reproductive wastage and multilocus imprinting disorders in humans
Authors: Docherty Louise E. , Rezwan Faisal I. , Poole Rebecca L. , Turner Claire L. S. , Kivuva Emma , Maher Eamonn R. , Smithson Sarah F. , Hamilton-Shield Julian P. , Patalan Michal , Gizewska Maria , Peregud-Pogorzelski Jaroslaw , Beygo Jasmin , Buiting Karin , Horsthemke Bernhard , Soellner Lukas , Begemann Matthias , Eggermann Thomas , Baple Emma , Mansour Sahar , Temple I. Karen , Mackay Deborah J. G.
Published: September 2015

Human-imprinting disorders are congenital disorders of growth, development and metabolism, associated with disturbance of parent of origin-specific DNA methylation at imprinted loci across the genome. Some imprinting disorders have higher than expected prevalence of monozygotic twinning, of assisted reproductive technology among parents, and of disturbance of multiple imprinted loci, for which few causative trans-acting mutations have been found. Here we report mutations in NLRP5 in five mothers of individuals affected by multilocus imprinting disturbance. Maternal-effect mutations of other human NLRP genes, NLRP7 and NLRP2, cause familial biparental hydatidiform mole and multilocus imprinting disturbance, respectively. Offspring of mothers with NLRP5 mutations have heterogenous clinical and epigenetic features, but cases include a discordant monozygotic twin pair, individuals with idiopathic developmental delay and autism, and families affected by infertility and reproductive wastage. NLRP5 mutations suggest connections between maternal reproductive fitness, early zygotic development and genomic imprinting.
Irreversibly increased nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium experimentally adapted to elevated carbon dioxide
Authors: Hutchins David A. , Walworth Nathan G. , Webb Eric A. , Saito Mak A. , Moran Dawn , McIlvin Matthew R. , Gale Jasmine , Fu Fei-Xue
Published: September 2015

Nitrogen fixation rates of the globally distributed, biogeochemically important marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium increase under high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in short-term studies due to physiological plasticity. However, its long-term adaptive responses to ongoing anthropogenic CO2 increases are unknown. Here we show that experimental evolution under extended selection at projected future elevated CO2 levels results in irreversible, large increases in nitrogen fixation and growth rates, even after being moved back to lower present day CO2 levels for hundreds of generations. This represents an unprecedented microbial evolutionary response, as reproductive fitness increases acquired in the selection environment are maintained after returning to the ancestral environment. Constitutive rate increases are accompanied by irreversible shifts in diel nitrogen fixation patterns, and increased activity of a potentially regulatory DNA methyltransferase enzyme. High CO2-selected cell lines also exhibit increased phosphorus-limited growth rates, suggesting a potential advantage for this keystone organism in a more nutrient-limited, acidified future ocean.
Observation of intervalley quantum interference in epitaxial monolayer tungsten diselenide
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Chen Jinglei , Yu Hongyi , Yang Fang , Jiao Lu , Liu Gui-Bin , Ho Wingking , Gao Chunlei , Jia Jinfeng , Yao Wang , Xie Maohai
Published: September 2015

The extraordinary electronic structures of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, such as the spin–valley-coupled band edges, have sparked great interest for potential spintronic and valleytronic applications based on these two-dimensional materials. In this work, we report the experimental observation of quasi-particle interference patterns in monolayer WSe2 using low-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. We observe intervalley quantum interference involving the Q valleys in the conduction band due to spin-conserving scattering processes, while spin-flipping intervalley scattering is absent. Our results establish unequivocally the presence of spin–valley coupling and affirm the large spin splitting at the Q valleys. Importantly, the inefficient spin-flipping scattering implies long valley and spin lifetime in monolayer WSe2, which is a key figure of merit for valley-spintronic applications.
Settling time of a vibrational wavepacket in ionization
Authors: Nabekawa Yasuo , Furukawa Yusuke , Okino Tomoya , Amani Eilanlou A. , Takahashi Eiji J. , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Midorikawa Katsumi
Published: September 2015

The vibrational wavepacket of a diatomic molecular ion at the time of ionization is usually considered to be generated on the basis of the Franck–Condon principle. According to this principle, the amplitude of each vibrational wavefunction in the wavepacket is given by the overlap integral between each vibrational wavefunction and the ground vibrational wavefunction in the neutral molecule, and hence, the amplitude should be a real number, or equivalently, a complex number the phase of which is equal to zero. Here we report the observation of a non-trivial phase modulation of the amplitudes of vibrational wavefunctions in a wavepacket generated in the ground electronic state of a "Equation missing" molecular ion at the time of ionization. The phase modulation results in a group delay of the specific vibrational states of order 1 fs, which can be regarded as the settling time required to compose the initial vibrational wavepacket.
High-resolution gridded population datasets for Latin America and the Caribbean in 2010, 2015, and 2020
Authors: Sorichetta Alessandro , Hornby Graeme M. , Stevens Forrest R. , Gaughan Andrea E. , Linard Catherine , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: September 2015

The Latin America and the Caribbean region is one of the most urbanized regions in the world, with a total population of around 630 million that is expected to increase by 25% by 2050. In this context, detailed and contemporary datasets accurately describing the distribution of residential population in the region are required for measuring the impacts of population growth, monitoring changes, supporting environmental and health applications, and planning interventions. To support these needs, an open access archive of high-resolution gridded population datasets was created through disaggregation of the most recent official population count data available for 28 countries located in the region. These datasets are described here along with the approach and methods used to create and validate them. For each country, population distribution datasets, having a resolution of 3 arc seconds (approximately 100 m at the equator), were produced for the population count year, as well as for 2010, 2015, and 2020. All these products are available both through the WorldPop Project website and the WorldPop Dataverse Repository.
A resource from 3D electron microscopy of hippocampal neuropil for user training and tool development
Authors: Harris Kristen M. , Spacek Josef , Bell Maria Elizabeth , Parker Patrick H. , Lindsey Laurence F. , Baden Alexander D. , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Burns Randal
Published: September 2015

Resurgent interest in synaptic circuitry and plasticity has emphasized the importance of 3D reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM). Three volumes of hippocampal CA1 neuropil from adult rat were imaged at X-Y resolution of ~2 nm on serial sections of ~50–60 nm thickness. These are the first densely reconstructed hippocampal volumes. All axons, dendrites, glia, and synapses were reconstructed in a cube (~10 μm3) surrounding a large dendritic spine, a cylinder (~43 μm3) surrounding an oblique dendritic segment (3.4 μm long), and a parallelepiped (~178 μm3) surrounding an apical dendritic segment (4.9 μm long). The data provide standards for identifying ultrastructural objects in 3DEM, realistic reconstructions for modeling biophysical properties of synaptic transmission, and a test bed for enhancing reconstruction tools. Representative synapses are quantified from varying section planes, and microtubules, polyribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and endosomes are identified and reconstructed in a subset of dendrites. The original images, traces, and Reconstruct software and files are freely available and visualized at the Open Connectome Project (Data Citation 1).
PI4K-beta and MKNK1 are regulators of hepatitis C virus IRES-dependent translation
Authors: Lupberger Joachim , Casanova Claudia , Fischer Benoit , Weiss Amelie , Fofana Isabel , Fontaine Nelly , Fujiwara Toshinobu , Renaud Mickael , Kopp Arnaud , Schuster Catherine , Brino Laurent , Baumert Thomas F. , Thoma Christian
Published: September 2015

Cellular translation is down-regulated by host antiviral responses. Picornaviridae and Flaviviridae including hepatitis C virus (HCV) evade this process using internal ribosomal entry sequences (IRESs). Although HCV IRES translation is a prerequisite for HCV replication, only few host factors critical for IRES activity are known and the global regulator network remains largely unknown. Since signal transduction is an import regulator of viral infections and the host antiviral response we combined a functional RNAi screen targeting the human signaling network with a HCV IRES-specific reporter mRNA assay. We demonstrate that the HCV host cell cofactors PI4K and MKNK1 are positive regulators of HCV IRES translation representing a novel pathway with a functional relevance for the HCV life cycle and IRES-mediated translation of viral RNA.
The Cardiomyopathy Lamin A/C D192G Mutation Disrupts Whole-Cell Biomechanics in Cardiomyocytes as Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy Loading-Unloading Curve Analysis
Authors: Lanzicher Thomas , Martinelli Valentina , Puzzi Luca , Del Favero Giorgia , Codan Barbara , Long Carlin S. , Mestroni Luisa , Taylor Matthew R. G. , Sbaizero Orfeo
Published: September 2015

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) cell loading/unloading curves were used to provide comprehensive insights into biomechanical behavior of cardiomyocytes carrying the lamin A/C (LMNA) D192G mutation known to cause defective nuclear wall, myopathy and severe cardiomyopathy. Our results suggested that the LMNA D192G mutation increased maximum nuclear deformation load, nuclear stiffness and fragility as compared to controls. Furthermore, there seems to be a connection between this lamin nuclear mutation and cell adhesion behavior since LMNA D192G cardiomyocytes displayed loss of AFM probe-to-cell membrane adhesion. We believe that this loss of adhesion involves the cytoskeletal architecture since our microscopic analyses highlighted that mutant LMNA may also lead to a morphological alteration in the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, chemical disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by cytochalasin D in control cardiomyocytes mirrored the alterations in the mechanical properties seen in mutant cells, suggesting a defect in the connection between the nucleoskeleton, cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules in cells expressing the mutant protein. These data add to our understanding of potential mechanisms responsible for this fatal cardiomyopathy and show that the biomechanical effects of mutant lamin extend beyond nuclear mechanics to include interference of whole-cell biomechanical properties.
Correction: Corrigendum: Selecting water-alcohol mixed solvent for synthesis of polydopamine nano-spheres using solubility parameter
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Wang Yinling , Li Maoguo
Published: September 2015

The solvent plays an important role in a given chemical reaction. Since most reaction in nature occur in the mixed-solvent systems, a comprehensive principle for solvent optimization was required. By calculating the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) distance Ra, we designed a model experiment to explore the influence of mixed solvents on the chemical synthesis. The synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) in the water-alcohol system was chosen as model. As predicted, the well-dispersed PDA spheres were obtained in selected solvents with smaller Ra values: methanol/water, ethanol/water and 2-propanol/water. In addition, the mixed solvent with smaller Ra values gave a higher conversion of dopamine. The strategy for mixed solvent selection is might be useful to choose optimal reaction media for efficient chemical synthesis.
Segmented molecular design of self-healing proteinaceous materials
Authors: Sariola Veikko , Pena-Francesch Abdon , Jung Huihun , Çetinkaya Murat , Pacheco Carlos , Sitti Metin , Demirel Melik C.
Published: September 2015

Hierarchical assembly of self-healing adhesive proteins creates strong and robust structural and interfacial materials, but understanding of the molecular design and structure–property relationships of structural proteins remains unclear. Elucidating this relationship would allow rational design of next generation genetically engineered self-healing structural proteins. Here we report a general self-healing and -assembly strategy based on a multiphase recombinant protein based material. Segmented structure of the protein shows soft glycine- and tyrosine-rich segments with self-healing capability and hard beta-sheet segments. The soft segments are strongly plasticized by water, lowering the self-healing temperature close to body temperature. The hard segments self-assemble into nanoconfined domains to reinforce the material. The healing strength scales sublinearly with contact time, which associates with diffusion and wetting of autohesion. The finding suggests that recombinant structural proteins from heterologous expression have potential as strong and repairable engineering materials.
Dose-volume factors associated with ear disorders following intensity modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yao Ji-Jin , Zhou Guan-Qun , Lin Li , Zhang Wang-Jian , Peng Ying-Lin , Chen Lei , Tang Ling-Long , Mao Yan-Ping , Ma Jun , Sun Ying
Published: September 2015

This study is to identify significant dosimetric parameters for ear disorders in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity modulated therapy only. Ninety-seven patients with NPC were retrospectively reviewed. Organs at risk (OARs) in the auditory apparatus were contoured. Dose–volume histogram parameters were generated for the Eustachian tube (ET), tympanic cavity (TC), mastoid air cells, vestibular apparatus, cochlea and internal auditory canal (IAC). Ear disorders were rated 0 (none), 1 (mild) or 2 (severe) by a clinician blinded to radiation doses; Grade 2 ear disorders was the study end-point. Multivariate analysis revealed ET.D30 (dose to 30% of ET volume) >52.75 Gy and M.D0.5CC (dose to 0.5 ml of mastoid volume) >41.04 Gy (OR = 3.77, P = 0.012 and OR = 1.27, P = 0.033, respectively) were associated with Grade 2 ear disorders. Our results demonstrated that post-irradiation ear disorders remain a common late toxicity in NPC after IMRT. ET.D30 and M.D0.5CC should be considered during IMRT treatment plan optimization, review and approval.
Super-resolution mapping of glutamate receptors in C. elegans by confocal correlated PALM
Authors: Vangindertael Jeroen , Beets Isabel , Rocha Susana , Dedecker Peter , Schoofs Liliane , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Hofkens Johan , Mizuno Hideaki
Published: September 2015

Photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) is a super-resolution imaging technique based on the detection and subsequent localization of single fluorescent molecules. PALM is therefore a powerful tool in resolving structures and putative interactions of biomolecules at the ultimate analytical detection limit. However, its limited imaging depth restricts PALM mostly toin vitroapplications. Considering the additional need for anatomical context when imaging a multicellular organism, these limitations render the use of PALM in whole animals difficult. Here we integrated PALM with confocal microscopy for correlated imaging of theC. elegansnervous system, a technique we termed confocal correlated PALM (ccPALM). The neurons, lying below several tissue layers, could be visualized up to 10 μm deep inside the animal. By ccPALM, we visualized ionotropic glutamate receptor distributions inC. eleganswith an accuracy of 20 nm, revealing super-resolution structure of receptor clusters that we mapped onto annotated neurons in the animal. Pivotal to our results was the TIRF-independent detection of single molecules, achieved by genetic regulation of labeled receptor expression and localization to effectively reduce the background fluorescence. By correlating PALM with confocal microscopy, this platform enables dissecting biological structures with single molecule resolution in the physiologically relevant context of whole animals.
Inhibitory effects of magnolol and honokiol on human calcitonin aggregation
Authors: Guo Caiao , Ma Liang , Zhao Yudan , Peng Anlin , Cheng Biao , Zhou Qiaoqiao , Zheng Ling , Huang Kun
Published: September 2015

Amyloid formation is associated with multiple amyloidosis diseases. Human calcitonin (hCT) is a typical amyloidogenic peptide, its aggregation is associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) and also limits its clinical application. Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine; its two major polyphenol components, magnolol (Mag) and honokiol (Hon), have displayed multiple functions. Polyphenols like flavonoids and their derivatives have been extensively studied as amyloid inhibitors. However, the anti-amyloidogenic property of a biphenyl backbone containing polyphenols such as Mag and Hon has not been reported. In this study, these two compounds were tested for their effects on hCT aggregation. We found that Mag and Hon both inhibited the amyloid formation of hCT, whereas Mag showed a stronger inhibitory effect; moreover, they both dose-dependently disassembled preformed hCT aggregates. Further immuno-dot blot and dynamic light scattering studies suggested Mag and Hon suppressed the aggregation of hCT both at the oligomerization and the fibrillation stages, while MTT-based and dye-leakage assays demonstrated that Mag and Hon effectively reduced cytotoxicity caused by hCT aggregates. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry indicated Mag and Hon both interact with hCT. Together, our study suggested a potential anti-amyloidogenic property of these two compounds and their structure related derivatives.
Clusters in sedimentation equilibrium for an experimental hard-sphere-plus-dipolar Brownian colloidal system
Authors: Newman Hugh D. , Yethiraj Anand
Published: September 2015

In this work, we use structure and dynamics in sedimentation equilibrium, in the presence of gravity, to examine, via confocal microscopy, a Brownian colloidal system in the presence of an external electric field. The zero field equation of state (EOS) is hard sphere without any re-scaling of particle size and the hydrodynamic corrections to the long-time self-diffusion coefficient are quantitatively consistent with the expected value for hard spheres. Care is taken to ensure that both the dimensionless gravitational energy, which is equivalent to a Peclet number Peg and dipolar strength Λ are of order unity. In the presence of an external electric field, anisotropic chain-chain clusters form; this cluster formation manifests itself with the appearance of a plateau in the diffusion coefficient when the dimensionless dipolar strength Λ ~ 1. The structure and dynamics of this chain-chain cluster state is examined for a monodisperse system for two particle sizes.
Stable magnesium peroxide at high pressure
Authors: Lobanov Sergey S. , Zhu Qiang , Holtgrewe Nicholas , Prescher Clemens , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Oganov Artem R. , Goncharov Alexander F.
Published: September 2015

Rocky planets are thought to comprise compounds of Mg and O as these are among the most abundant elements, but knowledge of their stable phases may be incomplete. MgO is known to be remarkably stable to very high pressure and chemically inert under reduced condition of the Earth’s lower mantle. However, in exoplanets oxygen may be a more abundant constituent. Here, using synchrotron x-ray diffraction in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, we show that MgO and oxygen react at pressures above 96 GPa and T = 2150 K with the formation of I4/mcm MgO2. Raman spectroscopy detects the presence of a peroxide ion (O22−) in the synthesized material as well as in the recovered specimen. Likewise, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirms that the recovered sample has higher oxygen content than pure MgO. Our finding suggests that MgO2 may be present together or instead of MgO in rocky mantles and rocky planetary cores under highly oxidized conditions.
Can you see what I am talking about? Human speech triggers referential expectation in four-month-old infants
Authors: Marno Hanna , Farroni Teresa , Vidal Dos Santos Yamil , Ekramnia Milad , Nespor Marina , Mehler Jacques
Published: September 2015

Infants’ sensitivity to selectively attend to human speech and to process it in a unique way has been widely reported in the past. However, in order to successfully acquire language, one should also understand that speech is a referential and that words can stand for other entities in the world. While there has been some evidence showing that young infants can make inferences about the communicative intentions of a speaker, whether they would also appreciate the direct relationship between a specific word and its referent, is still unknown. In the present study we tested four-month-old infants to see whether they would expect to find a referent when they hear human speech. Our results showed that compared to other auditory stimuli or to silence, when infants were listening to speech they were more prepared to find some visual referents of the words, as signalled by their faster orienting towards the visual objects. Hence, our study is the first to report evidence that infants at a very young age already understand the referential relationship between auditory words and physical objects, thus show a precursor in appreciating the symbolic nature of language, even if they do not understand yet the meanings of words.
Evidence of Filamentary Switching in Oxide-based Memory Devices via Weak Programming and Retention Failure Analysis
Authors: Younis Adnan , Chu Dewei , Li Sean
Published: September 2015

Further progress in high-performance microelectronic devices relies on the development of novel materials and device architectures. However, the components and designs that are currently in use have reached their physical limits. Intensive research efforts, ranging from device fabrication to performance evaluation, are required to surmount these limitations. In this paper, we demonstrate that the superior bipolar resistive switching characteristics of a CeO2:Gd-based memory device can be manipulated by means of UV radiation, serving as a new degree of freedom. Furthermore, the metal oxide-based (CeO2:Gd) memory device was found to possess electrical and neuromorphic multifunctionalities. To investigate the underlying switching mechanism of the device, its plasticity behaviour was studied by imposing weak programming conditions. In addition, a short-term to long-term memory transition analogous to the forgetting process in the human brain, which is regarded as a key biological synaptic function for information processing and data storage, was realized. Based on a careful examination of the device’s retention behaviour at elevated temperatures, the filamentary nature of switching in such devices can be understood from a new perspective.
The diversity and abundance of As(III) oxidizers on root iron plaque is critical for arsenic bioavailability to rice
Authors: Hu Min , Li Fangbai , Liu Chuanping , Wu Weijian
Published: September 2015

Iron plaque is a strong adsorbent on rice roots, acting as a barrier to prevent metal uptake by rice. However, the role of root iron plaque microbes in governing metal redox cycling and metal bioavailability is unknown. In this study, the microbial community structure on the iron plaque of rice roots from an arsenic-contaminated paddy soil was explored using high-throughput next-generation sequencing. The microbial composition and diversity of the root iron plaque were significantly different from those of the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Using theaoxBgene as an identifying marker, we determined that the arsenite-oxidizing microbiota on the iron plaque was dominated byAcidovoraxandHydrogenophaga-affiliated bacteria. More importantly, the abundance of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria (AsOB) on the root iron plaque was significantly negatively correlated with the arsenic concentration in the rice root, straw and grain, indicating that the microbes on the iron plaque, particularly the AsOB, were actively catalyzing arsenic transformation and greatly influencing metal uptake by rice. This exploratory research represents a preliminary examination of the microbial community structure of the root iron plaque formed under arsenic pollution and emphasizes the importance of the root iron plaque environment in arsenic biogeochemical cycling compared with the soil-rhizosphere biotope.
The Synergetic Coupling among the Cellular Antioxidants Glutathione Peroxidase/Peroxiredoxin and Other Antioxidants and its Effect on the Concentration of H2O2
Authors: Molavian Hamid , Madani Tonekaboni Ali , Kohandel Mohammad , Sivaloganathan Sivabal
Published: September 2015

Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), peroxiredoxin (Prx) and catalase are the major antioxidants at the cellular level and protect cell compartments against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, they affect cellular processes such as cell signaling by modulating H2O2. In this paper we demonstrate that there is a synergetic coupling between GPxs, Prxs themselves and also with other antioxidants when the GPxs and Prxs are not in their saturated reduced form. This is due to a change in the activity of glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins as a result of a change in the concentrations of other antioxidants. The strength of this synergy depends on the reaction rates and the concentration of these antioxidants. We use a perturbative method to calculate the concentration of H2O2 as function of the production rate of H2O2 and the concentration of various antioxidants. This derivation shows clearly why antioxidants behave in a correlated manner and why any change in the activity of one of them translates to a change in the activity of other antioxidants. Our results show that an increase in the activity of GPxs or Prxs might not be due to a genetic switch but due to an increase in the activity of other antioxidants.
Domain wall of a ferromagnet on a three-dimensional topological insulator
Authors: Wakatsuki Ryohei , Ezawa Motohiko , Nagaosa Naoto
Published: September 2015

Topological insulators (TIs) show rich phenomena and functions which can never be realized in ordinary insulators. Most of them come from the peculiar surface or edge states. Especially, the quantized anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) without an external magnetic field is realized in the two-dimensional ferromagnet on a three-dimensional TI which supports the dissipationless edge current. Here we demonstrate theoretically that the domain wall of this ferromagnet, which carries edge current, is charged and can be controlled by the external electric field. The chirality and relative stability of the Neel wall and Bloch wall depend on the position of the Fermi energy as well as the form of the coupling between the magnetic moments and orbital of the host TI. These findings will pave a path to utilize the magnets on TI for the spintronics applications.
IL-11 induces differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells through activation of STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Sumida Kentaro , Ohno Yosuke , Ohtake Junya , Kaneumi Shun , Kishikawa Takuto , Takahashi Norihiko , Taketomi Akinobu , Kitamura Hidemitsu
Published: September 2015

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immune negative regulators in the tumour microenvironment. Interleukin (IL)-11, a member of IL-6 family cytokines, functions through the unique receptor IL-11 receptor α coupled with the common signal transducer gp130. IL-11-gp130 signalling causes activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway. IL-11 is highly upregulated in many types of cancers and one of the most important cytokines during tumourigenesis and metastasis. However, the precise effect of IL-11 on differentiation into MDSCs is still unknown. Here, we found that CD11b+CD14+ monocytic MDSCs were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors in the presence of IL-11. IL-11-conditioned PBMCs induced higher expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as arginase-1. A reduction of T-cell proliferation was observed when MDSCs generated in the presence of IL-11 were co-cultured with CD3/CD28-stimulated, autologous T cells of healthy donors. Culture of normal PBMCs with IL-11 led to STAT3 phosphorylation and differentiation into MDSCs via STAT3 activation. We confirmed expressions of both IL-11 and phosphorylated STAT3 in tumour tissues of colorectal cancer patients. These findings suggest that monocytic MDSCs may be induced by IL-11 in the tumour microenvironment. Thus, IL-11-mediated regulation in functional differentiation of MDSCs may serve as a possible target for cancer immunotherapy.
Motion Driven by Strain Gradient Fields
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Shaohua
Published: September 2015

A new driving mechanism for direction-controlled motion of nano-scale objects is proposed, based on a model of stretching a graphene strip linked to a rigid base with linear springs of identical stiffness. We find that the potential energy difference induced by the strain gradient field in the graphene strip substrate can generate sufficient force to overcome the static and kinetic friction forces between the nano-flake and the strip substrate, resulting in the nanoscale flake motion in the direction of gradient reduction. The dynamics of the nano-flake can be manipulated by tuning the stiffness of linear springs, stretching velocity and the flake size. This fundamental law of directional motion induced by strain gradient could be very useful for promising designs of nanoscale manipulation, transportation and smart surfaces.
Molecular insights into Zeaxanthin-dependent quenching in higher plants
Authors: Xu Pengqi , Tian Lijin , Kloz Miroslav , Croce Roberta
Published: September 2015

Photosynthetic organisms protect themselves from high-light stress by dissipating excess absorbed energy as heat in a process called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Zeaxanthin is essential for the full development of NPQ, but its role remains debated. The main discussion revolves around two points: where does zeaxanthin bind and does it quench? To answer these questions we have followed the zeaxanthin-dependent quenching from leaves to individual complexes, including supercomplexes. We show that small amounts of zeaxanthin are associated with the complexes, but in contrast to what is generally believed, zeaxanthin binding per se does not cause conformational changes in the complexes and does not induce quenching, not even at low pH. We show that in NPQ conditions zeaxanthin does not exchange for violaxanthin in the internal binding sites of the antennas but is located at the periphery of the complexes. These results together with the observation that the zeaxanthin-dependent quenching is active in isolated membranes, but not in functional supercomplexes, suggests that zeaxanthin is acting in between the complexes, helping to create/participating in a variety of quenching sites. This can explain why none of the antennas appears to be essential for NPQ and the multiple quenching mechanisms that have been observed in plants.
Nanomesh electrode on MgZnO-based metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Lee Ching-Ting , Lin Heng-Yu , Tseng Chun-Yen
Published: September 2015

In this work, the nano-scaled mesh electrodes are fabricated by obliquely depositing metals through the highly ordered polystyrene nanosphere mask. Furthermore, the intrinsic MgZnO film is deposited as the absorption layer for the metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors (MSM-UV-PDs) using the vapor cooling condensation system. The 100-nm-linewidth nanomesh electrodes with metal occupying a roughly 10% of the device surface region consequently render PDs with a high transmittance in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range. The photoresponsivity of MgZnO-based MSM-UV-PDs evaluated at the wavelength of 330 nm with the operating bias voltage of 5 V is elevated from 0.135 to 0.248 A/W when the thin metal electrode is replaced by the nanomesh electrode and the corresponding quantum efficiency is improved from 50.75 to 93.23%. Finally, adopting the nanomesh electrode also helps to enhance the UV-visible rejection ratio (R330nm/R450nm) and the detectivity from 1663 and 1.78 × 1010 cmHz0.5W−1 to 2480 and 2.43 × 1010 cmHz0.5W−1, respectively.
δ13C-CH4 reveals CH4 variations over oceans from mid-latitudes to the Arctic
Authors: Yu Juan , Xie Zhouqing , Sun Liguang , Kang Hui , He Pengzhen , Xing Guangxi
Published: September 2015

The biogeochemical cycles of CH4 over oceans are poorly understood, especially over the Arctic Ocean. Here we report atmospheric CH4 levels together with δ13C-CH4 from offshore China (31°N) to the central Arctic Ocean (up to 87°N) from July to September 2012. CH4 concentrations and δ13C-CH4 displayed temporal and spatial variation ranging from 1.65 to 2.63 ppm and from −50.34% to −44.94% (mean value: −48.55 ± 0.84%), respectively. Changes in CH4 with latitude were linked to the decreasing input of enriched δ13C and chemical oxidation by both OH and Cl radicals as indicated by variation of δ13C. There were complex mixing sources outside and inside the Arctic Ocean. A keeling plot showed the dominant influence by hydrate gas in the Nordic Sea region, while the long range transport of wetland emissions were one of potentially important sources in the central Arctic Ocean. Experiments comparing sunlight and darkness indicate that microbes may also play an important role in regional variations.
R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects
Authors: Yang C , Shirayama Y , Zhang J-c , Ren Q , Yao W , Ma M , Dong C , Hashimoto K
Published: September 2015

Although the efficacy of racemate ketamine, a rapid onset and sustained antidepressant, for patients with treatment-resistant depression was a serendipitous finding, clinical use of ketamine is limited, due to psychotomimetic side effects and abuse liability. Behavioral and side-effect evaluation tests were applied to compare the two stereoisomers of ketamine. To elucidate their potential therapeutic mechanisms, we examined the effects of these stereoisomers on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–TrkB signaling, and synaptogenesis in selected brain regions. In the social defeat stress and learned helplessness models of depression, R-ketamine showed a greater potency and longer-lasting antidepressant effect than S-ketamine (esketamine). Furthermore, R-ketamine induced a more potent beneficial effect on decreased dendritic spine density, BDNF–TrkB signaling and synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus from depressed mice compared with S-ketamine. However, neither stereoisomer affected these alterations in the nucleus accumbens of depressed mice. In behavioral tests for side effects, S-ketamine, but not R-ketamine, precipitated behavioral abnormalities, such as hyperlocomotion, prepulse inhibition deficits and rewarding effects. In addition, a single dose of S-ketamine, but not R-ketamine, caused a loss of parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells in the prelimbic region of the medial PFC and DG. These findings suggest that, unlike S-ketamine, R-ketamine can elicit a sustained antidepressant effect, mediated by increased BDNF–TrkB signaling and synaptogenesis in the PFC, DG and CA3. R-ketamine appears to be a potent, long-lasting and safe antidepressant, relative to S-ketamine, as R-ketamine appears to be free of psychotomimetic side effects and abuse liability.
Cardiovascular biodiagnosis by infrared spectroscopy through choline determination
Authors: Khanmohammadi M. , Mozaffari F. , Garmarudi A. Bagheri , Rouchi M. Babaei
Published: September 2015

In this work, a green analytical method has been proposed for the diagnosis of heart disease.
Simultaneous quantitation of nine kinds of (d)- and (l)-amino acid enantiomers by HPLC-MS/MS: application to the quality control of amino acid tablets
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Cui Yan , Xing Yuping , Lv Chunxiao , Li Qing , Bi Kaishun
Published: September 2015

A HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine kinds of (d)- and (l)-amino acid enantiomers and applied to control the quality of amino acid tablets.
Recent developments in electrochemical paper-based analytical devices
Authors: Oh Jung-Min , Chow Kwok-Fan
Published: September 2015

This mini-review discusses recent advances in electrochemical paper-based analytical devices with an emphasis on applications of traditional electrochemical methods.
Gd–XO: a colourimetric probe for the complexation of Gd3+with DO3A-type ligands
Authors: Suazo K. F. G. , Villaraza A. J. L.
Published: September 2015

A method which measures the effect of ligand functionalisation on the rate of Gd3+-complex formation..
Gold-catalyzed reactions of propargylic esters with vinylazides for the synthesis of Z- or E-configured buta-1,3-dien-2-yl esters
Authors: Wagh Sachin Bhausaheb , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: September 2015

Gold-catalyzed synthesis of buta-1,3-dien-2-yl esters by the reaction of propargyl esters with vinylazides is described; the reaction mechanism is postulated to involve a vinyl attack of vinylazides at alkenyl gold carbenes.
Viologen cyclophanes: redox controlled host–guest interactions
Authors: Berville Mathilde , Karmazin Lydia , Wytko Jennifer A. , Weiss Jean
Published: September 2015

Bis(viologen) cyclophanes with alkyl linkers demonstrate redox-dependent host–guest properties, including the formation of a crystalline mixed valence species.
An efficient S-NO-polysilsesquioxane nano-platform for the co-delivery of nitric oxide and an anticancer drug
Authors: Wang Meng-Ren , Chiu Shih-Jiuan , Chou Hung-Chang , Hu Teh-Min
Published: September 2015

Supramolecular interaction of S-nitroso-polysilsesquioxane and doxorubicin leads to a single nanocarrier for simultaneous intracellular delivery of nitric oxide and doxorubicin.
Hydrophobic pillared square grids for selective removal of CO2 from simulated flue gas
Authors: Elsaidi Sameh K. , Mohamed Mona H. , Schaef Herbert T. , Kumar Amrit , Lusi Matteo , Pham Tony , Forrest Katherine A. , Space Brian , Xu Wenqian , Halder Gregory J. , Liu Jun , Zaworotko Michael J. , Thallapally Praveen K.
Published: September 2015

Capture of CO2 from flue gas is considered to be a feasible approach to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic emission of CO2.
Insight into the molecular dynamics of guest cations confined in deformable azido coordination frameworks
Authors: Du Zi-Yi , Sun Yu-Zhi , Chen Shao-Li , Huang Bo , Su Yu-Jun , Xu Ting-Ting , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2015

The guest molecular dynamics confined in deformable azido coordination frameworks are revealed, one of which features unvaried/varied Ea during its two structural phase transitions.
Intermolecular interactions in crystalline 1-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-3-substituted thioureas with Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Bolte Michael , Erben Mauricio F. , Pérez Hiram
Published: September 2015

The 1-acyl thiourea synthon is characterized through a complete Hirshfeld surface analysis for a series of six closely related 1-(adamantane-1-carbonyl) thioureas.
A wavelength dependent investigation of the indole photophysics via ionization and fragmentation pump–probe spectroscopies
Authors: Godfrey T. J. , Yu Hui , Biddle Michael S. , Ullrich Susanne
Published: September 2015

Using a variety of gas-phase pump–probe spectroscopic techniques, this work investigates indole excited-state relaxation dynamics at several pump wavelengths with a particular focus on 1πσ*-state involvement.
Thermally activated surface oxygen defects at the perimeter of Au/TiO2: a DFT+U study
Authors: Saqlain Muhammad Adnan , Hussain Akhtar , Siddiq Mohammad , Ferreira Ary R. , Leitão Alexandre A.
Published: September 2015

Density functional theory calculations were performed to examine the formation of oxygen atom vacancies on three model surfaces namely, clean anatase TiO2(001) and, Au3and Au10clusters supported on anatase TiO2(001).
Effect of cation substitution on structural transition: synthesis, characterization and theoretical studies of NaCa4B3O9, NaCaBO3, NaSrBO3and Li4CaB2O6
Authors: Yang Yun , Su Xin , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: September 2015

NaCa4B3O9, NaCaBO3, NaSrBO3and Li4CaB2O6are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of cations on structural cannot be neglected.
On the non-classical contribution in lone-pair–π interaction: IQA perspective
Authors: Badri Zahra , Foroutan-Nejad Cina , Kozelka Jiri , Marek Radek
Published: September 2015

Most and least electrostatic repulsive parts of a complex presented by red and blue isosurface repulsive potential energy density.
Resonant Raman scattering of ZnSxSe1−x solid solutions: the role of S and Se electronic states
Authors: Dimitrievska M. , Xie H. , Jackson A. J. , Fontané X. , Espíndola-Rodríguez M. , Saucedo E. , Pérez-Rodríguez A. , Walsh A. , Izquierdo-Roca V.
Published: September 2015

A combined theoretical and experimental study of the enhancement in the Raman mode intensities of ZnSSe compounds, under various resonant conditions, is presented, leading to more detailed insights into the role of chalcogen electronic states in the photon–matter interaction.
Tuning magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic chains by exchange interactions: ab initio studies
Authors: Tao Kun , Guo Qing , Jena Puru , Xue Desheng , Stepanyuk Valeri S.
Published: September 2015

The possibility of using exchange interactions to manipulate the spin state of an antiferromagnetic nanostructure is explored using ab initio calculations.
Variation of redox activity and synergistic effect for improving the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich gases in porous Pt/CeO2–Co3O4 catalysts
Authors: Liu Baocang , Liu Yongxin , Hou Heting , Liu Yang , Wang Qin , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2015

The porous Pt/CeO2–Co3O4 catalysts show superior catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation in H2-rich gases.
POSS-derived solid acid catalysts with excellent hydrophobicity for highly efficient transformations of glycerol
Authors: Leng Yan , Zhao Jiwei , Jiang Pingping , Lu Dan
Published: September 2015

New POSS-derived acid catalysts were synthesized, which proved to be highly efficient, and steadily reused for glycerol transformations.
First examples of neutral and cationic indenyl nickel(ii) complexes bearing arsine or stibine ligands: highly active catalysts for the oligomerisation of styrene
Authors: Gomes Clara S. B. , Krishnamoorthy Paramasivam , Silva Leonel C. , Costa Sandra I. , Gomes Pedro T. , Jiménez-Tenorio Manuel , Valerga Pedro , Puerta M. Carmen
Published: September 2015

New indenyl nickel(ii) complexes bearing As or Sb ligands are efficient catalysts for the oligomerisation of styrene.
Sugar-boronate ester scaffold tethered pyridyl-imine palladium(ii) complexes: synthesis and their in vitro anticancer evaluation
Authors: Reddy Eda Rami , Trivedi Rajiv , Sarma Akella Venkata Subrahmanya , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Anantaraju Hasitha Shilpa , Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal , Nagesh Narayana
Published: September 2015

The anticancer activity of sugar-boronate ester containing palladium(ii) complexes is reported.
NanoEHS – defining fundamental science needs: no easy feat when the simple itself is complex
Authors: Grassian Vicki H. , Haes Amanda J. , Mudunkotuwa Imali A. , Demokritou Philip , Kane Agnes B. , Murphy Catherine J. , Hutchison James E. , Isaacs Jacqueline A. , Jun Young-Shin , Karn Barbara , Khondaker Saiful I. , Larsen Sarah C. , Lau Boris L. T. , Pettibone John M. , Sadik Omowunmi A. , Saleh Navid B. , Teague Clayton
Published: September 2015

Bridging knowledge gaps in NanoEHS by identifying current fundamental science challenges and research needs.
Oxidative desulfurization of DBT with H2O2catalysed by TiO2/porous glass
Authors: Shen C. , Wang Y. J. , Xu J. H. , Luo G. S.
Published: September 2015

Porous glass supported with TiO2nanoparticles acted as an amphiphilic catalyst. Because of good adsorptive properties for both reactants, the support gathers the two reactants on the active sites.
Correction: Post-functionalized iridium–Zr-MOF as a promising recyclable catalyst for the hydrogenation of aromatics
Authors: Rasero-Almansa Antonia M. , Corma Avelino , Iglesias Marta , Sánchez Félix
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Post-functionalized iridium–Zr-MOF as a promising recyclable catalyst for the hydrogenation of aromatics’ by Antonia M. Rasero-Almansa et al., Green Chem., 2014, 16, 3522–3527.
Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like tin oxide/graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Haldorai Yuvaraj , Huh Yun Suk , Han Young-Kyu
Published: September 2015

SnO2/graphene nanocomposites showed excellent capacitance with a capacitance retention of 92.6% even after 10 000 continuous charge/discharge cycles.
Conjugated aromatic asymmetrical terpyridine analogues via step-wise photocyclization and their ruthenium complexes
Authors: Jiang Zhilong , Yuan Jie , Li Yiming , Liu Qianqian , Liu Die , Wu Tun , Wang Pingshan
Published: September 2015

Asymmetrical conjugated terpyridines were acquired by the UV irradiation. Step oxidative cyclodehydrogenation along with the aromatic conjugation expansion was proved with the intermediates isolations. The terpyridine Ru2+ dimerizations were successfully introduced.
Palladium catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of arylboronic acid with ethyl cyanoacetate as a new acylating agent: synthesis of alkyl aryl ketones
Authors: Yousuf Md , Das Tuluma , Adhikari Susanta
Published: September 2015

The versatile, one-pot synthesis of a series of alkyl aryl ketones is described using ethyl cyanoacetate as a new acylating agent.