bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis incidence among people living with HIV: A secondary data analysis using Inverse Probability Weighting of individuals attending HIV care and treatment clinics in Tanzania
Authors: Maokola Werner M. , Ngowi Bernard J. , Mahande Michael J. , Todd Jim , Robert Masanja , Msuya Sia E.
Published: July 2021

Background

Information on how well Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) works on reducing TB incidence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in routine settings using robust statistical methods to establish causality in observational studies is scarce.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of IPT in routine clinical settings by comparing TB incidence between IPT and non-IPT groups.

Methods

We used data from PLHIV enrolled in 315 HIV care and treatment clinic from January 2012 to December 2016. We used Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting to adjust for the probability of receiving IPT; balancing the baseline covariates between IPT and non-IPT groups. The effectiveness of IPT on TB incidence was estimated using Cox regression using the weighted sample.

Results

Of 171,743 PLHIV enrolled in the clinics over the five years, 10,326 (6.01%) were excluded leaving 161,417 available for the analysis. Of the 24,800 who received IPT, 1.00% developed TB disease whereas of the 136,617 who never received IPT 6,085 (4.98%) developed TB disease. In 278,545.90 person-years of follow up, a total 7,052 new TB cases were diagnosed. Using the weighted sample, the overall TB incidence was 11.57 (95% CI: 11.09–12.07) per 1,000 person-years. The TB incidence among PLHIV who received IPT was 10.49 (95% CI: 9.11–12.15) per 1,000 person-years and 12.00 (95% CI: 11.69–12.33) per 1,000 person-years in those who never received IPT. After adjusting for other covariates there was 52% lower risk of developing TB disease among those who received IPT compared to those who never received IPT: aHR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.40–0.58, P<0.001).

Conclusion

IPT reduced TB incidence by 52% in PLHIV attending routine CTC in Tanzania. IPTW adjusted the groups for imbalances in the covariates associated with receiving IPT to achieve comparable groups of IPT and non-IPT. This study has added evidence on the effectiveness of IPT in routine clinical settings and on the use of IPTW to determine impact of interventions in observational studies.
Using Mindful Attention Awareness Scale on male prisoners: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models
Authors: Poorebrahim Ali , Lin Chung-Ying , Imani Vida , Kolvani Shapour Soltankhah , Alaviyoun Seyed Abbas , Ehsani Narges , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: July 2021

Aim

This study tested the construct validity (i.e., factor structure) of the Persian Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) on a sample of male prisoners.

Methods

All the participants (mean±SD age = 39.44±7.94 years) completed three scales—the Persian MAAS, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis with differential item functioning (DIF) were applied to examine the construct validity of the MAAS. Specifically, the DIF was tested across different insomnia status (using ISI with a cutoff of 15), psychiatric well-being status (using GHQ-12 with a cutoff of 12), and age (using mean age of 39.44 as the cutoff).

Results

The CFA results showed a single factor solution for the Persian MAAS. The Rasch results showed all MAAS items fit in the construct (infit mean square [MnSq] = 0.72 to 1.41; outfit MnSq = 0.74 to 1.39) without displaying DIF items (DIF contrast = -0.34 to 0.31 for insomnia condition; -0.22 to 0.25 for psychiatric well-being; -0.26 to 0.29 for age).

Conclusions

The Persian version of the MAAS is, therefore, a valid instrument to measure mindfulness among Iranian male prisoners.
The clone devaluation effect: A new uncanny phenomenon concerning facial identity
Authors: Yonemitsu Fumiya , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Gobara Akihiko , Yamada Yuki
Published: July 2021

Technological advances in robotics have already produced robots that are indistinguishable from human beings. This technology is overcoming the uncanny valley, which refers to the unpleasant feelings that arise from humanoid robots that are similar in appearance to real humans to some extent. If humanoid robots with the same appearance are mass-produced and become commonplace, we may encounter circumstances in which people or human-like products have faces with the exact same appearance in the future. This leads to the following question: what impressions do clones elicit? To respond to this question, we examined what impressions images of people with the same face (clone images) induce. In the six studies we conducted, we consistently reported that clone images elicited higher eeriness than individuals with different faces; we named this new phenomenon the clone devaluation effect. We found that the clone devaluation effect reflected the perceived improbability of facial duplication. Moreover, this phenomenon was related to distinguishableness of each face, the duplication of identity, the background scene in observing clone faces, and avoidance reactions based on disgust sensitivity. These findings suggest that the clone devaluation effect is a product of multiple processes related to memory, emotion, and face recognition systems.
Shuanghuanglian oral preparations combined with azithromycin for treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Asian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peng Yingying , Chen Zhe , Li Yanjiao , Lu Qiu , Li Huanmin , Han Yaowei , Sun Dan , Li Xinmin
Published: July 2021

Background

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community-acquired pneumonia. Due to the imperfect immune system of children, this also causes Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) to be more common in children. Globally, the incidence of MPP in children is gradually increasing. This study was the first to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghuanglian (SHL) oral preparations combined with azithromycin in the treatment of MPP in children.

Methods

This study fully retrieved 3 Chinese databases and 5 English databases to search the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children with MPP. The search time is from the inception to September 2020. Data extraction and risk bias evaluation were performed independently by two researchers. We conducted a Meta-analysis of all the outcome indicators. Besides, Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and heterogeneity analysis were used for the primary outcomes to find the possible potential confounding factors.

Results

Finally, we included 27 RCTs involving 2884 patients. SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin were better than azithromycin alone in response rate (RR = 1.14, 95% CI[1.11, 1.18]; low certainty evidence), disappearance time of fever(MD = -1.72, 95% CI[-2.47, -0.97]; low certainty evidence), disappearance time of cough (MD = -2.95, 95% CI[-3.55, -2.34]; low certainty evidence), and disappearance time of pulmonary rales (MD = -2.13, 95% CI[-2.88, -1.38]; low certainty evidence). The Meta-regression results showed that the course of disease, age, and method of administration may be the source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis have found that the results were stable. For other related clinical symptoms, T lymphocytes, and Serum inflammatory factors, SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin was better than azithromycin alone, and the difference was statistically significant. For adverse events with low certainty evidence, safety needs further verification.

Conclusion

Based on the results of meta-analysis with low certainty evidence, we believed that SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin likely be effectively improved clinical symptoms compared with azithromycin alone. Low certainty evidence showed that SHL may safety with no serious adverse events. Due to these limitations, the safety needs further verification. More high-quality, multicenter, and large-sample RCTs should be tested and verified in the future.
Disseminated disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV positive patients: A retrospective case control study
Authors: Wetzstein Nils , Geil Ari , Kann Gerrit , Lehn Annette , Schüttfort Gundolf , Kessel Johanna , Bingold Tobias M. , Küpper-Tetzel Claus P. , Haberl Annette , Graf Christiana , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Stephan Christoph , Hogardt Michael , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Wolf Timo
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Disseminated infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria has been a major factor of mortality and comorbidity in HIV patients. Until 2018, U.S. American guidelines have recommended antimycobacterial prophylaxis in patients with low CD4 cell counts, a practice that has not been adopted in Europe. This study aimed at examining the impact of disseminated NTM disease on clinical outcome in German HIV patients with a severe immunodeficiency.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective case control study, HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease were identified by retrospective chart review and matched by their CD4 cell counts to HIV patients without NTM infection in a 1:1 alocation. Primary endpoints were mortality and time to first rehospitalisation. In addition, other opportunistic diseases, as well as antimycobacterial and antiretroviral treatments were examined.

Results

Between 2006 and 2016, we identified 37 HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease. Most of them were suffering from infections due to M. avium complex (n = 31, 77.5%). Time to event analysis showed a non-significant trend to higher mortality in patients with disseminated NTM disease (p = 0.24). Rehospitalisation took place significantly earlier in patients with disseminated NTM infections (median 40.5 days vs. 109 days, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

In this retrospective case control study, we could demonstrate that mortality is not significantly higher in HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease in the ART era, but that they require specialised medical attention in the first months following discharge.
Heart failure care and outcomes in a Tanzanian emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Prattipati Sainikitha , Sakita Francis M. , Kweka Godfrey L. , Tarimo Tumsifu G. , Peterson Timothy , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Thielman Nathan M. , Limkakeng Alexander T. , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Hertz Julian T.
Published: July 2021

Background

The burden of heart failure is growing in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is a dearth of data characterizing care and outcomes of heart failure patients in the region, particularly in emergency department settings.

Methods

In a prospective observational study, adult patients presenting with shortness of breath or chest pain to an emergency department in northern Tanzania were consecutively enrolled. Participants with a physician-documented clinical diagnosis of heart failure were included in the present analysis. Standardized questionnaires regarding medical history and medication use were administered at enrollment, and treatments given in the emergency department were recorded. Thirty days after enrollment, a follow-up questionnaire was administered to assess mortality and medication use. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify baseline predictors of thirty-day mortality.

Results

Of 1020 enrolled participants enrolled from August 2018 through October 2019, 267 patients (26.2%) were diagnosed with heart failure. Of these, 139 (52.1%) reported a prior history of heart failure, 168 (62.9%) had self-reported history of hypertension, and 186 (69.7%) had NYHA Class III or IV heart failure. At baseline, 40 (15.0%) reported taking a diuretic and 67 (25.1%) reported taking any antihypertensive. Thirty days following presentation, 63 (25.4%) participants diagnosed with heart failure had died. Of 185 surviving participants, 16 (8.6%) reported taking a diuretic, 24 (13.0%) reported taking an antihypertensive, and 26 (14.1%) were rehospitalized. Multivariate predictors of thirty-day mortality included self-reported hypertension (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.86], p = 0.017) and symptomatic leg swelling at presentation (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.35–5.56, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

In a northern Tanzanian emergency department, heart failure is a common clinical diagnosis, but uptake of evidence-based outpatient therapies is poor and thirty-day mortality is high. Interventions are needed to improve care and outcomes for heart failure patients in the emergency department setting.
Delayed repolarization and ventricular tachycardia in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Cho Jae Hyung , Leong Derek , Cuk Natasha , Ebinger Joseph E. , Bresee Catherine , Yoon Sung-Han , Ehdaie Ashkan , Shehata Michael , Wang Xunzhang , Chugh Sumeet S. , Marbán Eduardo , Cingolani Eugenio
Published: July 2021

Sudden death is the most common mode of mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) have been suspected as the etiology but the supporting evidence in patients with HFpEF is scarce. We sought to investigate VA prevalence, and to determine if VA are associated with prolonged repolarization, in patients with HFpEF. In a retrospective case-control study design, Cedars-Sinai patients who underwent prolonged ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (Zio Patch) between 2016 and 2018 were screened for a clinical diagnosis of HFpEF. Patients with normal diastolic and systolic function who underwent Zio Patch monitoring were also reviewed as controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence of rhythm disturbances in patients with and without HFpEF. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was more prevalent in patients with HFpEF (37% vs. 16% in controls, p = 0.001). Most episodes were non-sustained except for one case of sustained VT in a patient with HFpEF. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression including HFpEF diagnosis, age, sex, body mass index, and the presence of comorbidities revealed that only HFpEF was associated with increased risk of VT (relative risk 2.86, p = 0.023). Subgroup-analyses revealed an association between increased QTc interval and risk of VT (460 ± 38 ms in HFpEF patients with VT vs. 445 ± 28 ms in HFpEF patients without VT, p = 0.03). Non-sustained VT was more prevalent in patients with HFpEF compared to patients without HFpEF, and QTc interval prolongation was associated with VT in HFpEF.
Transcriptome profiling unveils the mechanism of phenylpropane biosynthesis in rhizome development of Caucasian clover
Authors: Meng Lingdong , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Lina , Liu Haoyue , Zhao Yihang , Yi Kun , Cui Guowen , Yin Xiujie
Published: July 2021

Caucasian clover is the only perennial herb of the genus Leguminous clover with underground rhizomes. However, we know very little about its development process and mechanism. Transcriptome studies were conducted on the roots of Caucasian clover without a rhizome (NR) at the young seedling stage and the fully developed rhizome, including the root neck (R1), main root (R2), horizontal root (R3), and rhizome bud (R4), of the tissues in the mature phase. Compared with the rhizome in the mature phase, NR had 893 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of which were enriched in ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, ‘phenylalanine metabolism’, ‘DNA replication’ and ‘biosynthesis of amino acids’. A higher number of transcription factors (AP2/ERF, C2H2 and FAR1) were found in NR. There were highly expressed genes for R4, such as auxin response factor SAUR, galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT), and sucrose synthase (SUS). Phenylpropanoids are very important for the entire process of rhizome development. We drew a cluster heat map of genes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, in which the largest number of genes belonged to COMT, and most of them were upregulated in R4.
Prácticas de enseñanza para la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en Argentina durante tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Yadarola María Eugenia , Del Valle Erramouspe Carolina , González Federici Tomás , Lambertucci Vanesa Nelly , Medina Karina Elizabeth , Molina María Laura , Sesto Carolina Andrea , Valdez Romina Soledad
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue indagar si las prácticas de enseñanza desarrolladas en tiempos de aislamiento social preventivo obligatorio en Argentina favorecen la inclusión, los aprendizajes y la autonomía de los/as estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual, en opinión de sus profesionales de apoyo a la inclusión y de sus familias. Se realizó un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo, con un muestreo intencional. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 75 profesionales de apoyo a la inclusión y a 40 familias de niños/as y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual incluidos en escuelas comunes de gestión estatal y privada de Córdoba (mayoritariamente) y otras provincias argentinas. Como resultado el Estado no ha logrado garantizar el acceso de sus estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual, en igualdad de condiciones, a la enseñanza remota de emergencia no solo por no asegurar la tecnología necesaria y la conectividad. La tarea docente se centró en planificaciones homogéneas dejando a los/as profesionales de apoyo externos las adaptaciones curriculares, la atención directa con el/la estudiante con discapacidad y el asesoramiento a las familias. El vínculo del docente con el/la estudiante con discapacidad intelectual muestra escasa comunicación, escucha y relación positiva. Como consecuencia muchos/as estudiantes no han alcanzado los objetivos de aprendizaje propuestos ni la autonomía esperada.
«Señores de la tierra». El «Camino Valenciano» y la Guerra de los Treinta Años
Authors: Hernández Ruano Javier
Published: July 2021

La guerra de Mantua-Monferrato (1628-1631), el rompimiento con Francia (1635) y, sobre todo, la rebelión de Cataluña (1640) situaron progresivamente al mediterráneo reino de Valencia en el centro de la logística de la monarquía hispánica durante la Guerra de los Treinta Años. Mientras otros corredores militares colapsaban, el «camino valenciano» fue crucial para el desplazamiento de las fuerzas de Felipe IV y la integración del reino en la Unión de Armas, cuyo máximo exponente administrativo fue la creación de una Junta de guerra en la frontera valenciana. Interpretar las consecuencias militares y socioeconómicas es la finalidad de este trabajo.
Kivitermesztés hazánkban
Authors: Lendvai Edina , Rozsi Brigitta
Published: July 2021

Egyre inkább elterjedőben van Magyarországon a külföldről származó gyümölcsfák, illetve cserjék termesztése. Ezen belül is a kivi az, amelyik napjainkban szinte a semmiből nőtte ki magát. A növénnyel már az 1980-as években kísérleteztek hazánkban, azonban megfelelő információk hiányában nem volt sikeres a próbálkozás. Az áttörést 2016-ban a becsehelyi ültetvény érte el, amikor ott már kereskedelmi mennyiségű gyümölcs termett. Az ezekről szóló hírek keltették fel érdeklődésünket a téma iránt. Kutatásunk során interjút készítettünk kivi-termelőkkel, a növény termesztésének hazai gyakorlatának feltérképezése céljából. Emellett kvalitatív kutatásként kérdőívvel mértük fel a kivi fogyasztási szokásainak megismeréséhez. A felméréseknek köszönhetően átfogó képet kaphattunk termelő és vásárlói oldalról is. Az interjúk során megismerhettük a résztvevők kivitermesztésének okát, a fő előnyeit, termesztési praktikákat. Kérdőíves felmérésünk során pedig összetett képet kaptunk a fogyasztással kapcsolatosan.
Célköltségszámítás alkalmazása egy mezőgazdasági szervezet controlling rendszerében
Authors: Thalmeiner Gergő , Gáspár Sándor
Published: July 2021

Napjainkban a különböző élelmiszerfogyasztási trendek meghatározzák az élelmiszer ellátási láncok működését. A trendekre történő hatékony és gyors reagálás egy erős versenyelőnyt biztosít a vállalkozásoknak. Ezen versenyelőny nem feltétlenül az adott trendre történő reagálásban rejlik, hanem a vállalkozások agilitásában. A különböző trendek közül kiemelendő az állatjólét megjelenése az élelmiszeripari termékek fogyasztói preferenciában. Az erre történő reagálás egy bonyolult és komplex kihívást állít a termelők felé. A fogyasztók fizetési hajlandósága és a tartásmódok megváltoztatása az a két tényező, amely ezen kihívásban vizsgálandó tényező lehet. Az állatjóléti szint növelése az állattartó telepeken egy alapvetően beruházás igényes és költségeket növelő tényező. Az állatjóléti szempontból jobb tartásmód kiválasztása és ennek a költség elemzése lehet egyfajta kulcs a tervezés és a megvalósítás során. Ezen tervezés során kifejezetten eredményes módszerként alkalmazható a célköltségszámítás módszertana. Ezen módszertan a fogyasztói értékítéletek és a szervezeti előre definiált profitráta függvényében végzi a költséganalízist. Tanulmányunkban egy kiterjesztett esettanulmány keretében szemléltetjük a célköltségszámítás módszertanának lehetséges alkalmazását egy baromfitenyésztő vállalkozás lehetséges tartásmód váltása során. Kutatásunkban rámutatunk arra, hogy a tartásmódváltás nem feltétlenül profitábilis, és nem minden fogyasztói csoport képes és hajlandó a tartásmódból fakadó többlet költségek megfizetésére.
Fehérje komplettált gabonatartalmú szeletek kifejlesztése és piaci helyzete
Authors: Szabad Alex , Trenyik Eszter , Szabó P. Balázs
Published: July 2021

A sportolók körében a fehérjeporok preferált étrend-kiegészítő terméknek számítanak. Hazánkban számos fehérjekészítmény közül választhatnak a fizikai aktivitást végzők, eltérő minőségben és árban egyaránt. A kutatás során igyekeztünk felmérni sportolók körében a fehérjeporok fogyasztási szokásait, illetve a kapott eredmények alapján a fehérjebevitel formái közül a müzliszeletek jelentőségét is tanulmányoztuk. A kérdőíves felmérésben a 196 válaszadótól kapott információk alapján három különböző növényi (rizs, borsó, szója) és állati (tejsavó, marhahús, tojás) izolátumok mellett döntöttünk, melyekkel müzliszeleteket komplettáltunk. Továbbá alapanyag költséget is meghatároztunk egyszerű osztókalkulációs módszerrel, mely során átlagos piaci nettó árakkal számoltunk, így a fehérjedúsítással átlagosan 103 Ft-ra becsülhető 1 adag (35 g) müzliszelet közvetlen anyagköltsége. Fontos kérdés a termék piaci helyzete, ezért a boltban kapható, hasonló felépítésű termékekkel is összehasonlítottuk a készterméket, hogy megállapíthassuk a tápértékbeli különbségeket is. Meghatározó azonban az egyes allergének jelenléte a termékben, ezért a fogyasztókhoz alkalmazkodva szükségszerű a folyamatos fejlesztés.
Az y és z generáció munkahelyválasztásának szempontjai
Authors: Balogh Renátó , Kardos Magdolna Valentina , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: July 2021

A megváltozott munkaerőpiaci folyamatok következményeként felértékelődött a toborzás és a munkavállalók megtartásának szerepe. A munkaerőpiacon már megjelent fiatal generáció tagjairól szóló kutatások megállapították, hogy kevésbé lojálisak munkadójuk iránt, komoly elvárásokat támasztanak a munkáltatóik felé. Kutatásunkat a Debreceni Egyetem hallgatói körében végeztük, online kérdőíves felméréssel, melynek elemszáma 408 fő. Vizsgálatunkkal sikerült igazolni a korábbi kutatások eredményeit, miszerint a fiatal generáció tagjaira leginkább az alapfizetés, a munka-magánélet egyensúlya, a munkahelyi körülmények, valamint az előlépési lehetőségek gyakorolnak hatást. Hipotézisvizsgálataink alapján azonban megállapíthatjuk, hogy a munkahelyválasztásukat nem elsősorban az befolyásolja, hogy melyik generációhoz tartoznak. A munkahelyválasztásra sokkal inkább olyan tényezők vannak hatással, mint a nem, a családi állapot, az anyagi helyzet vagy az, hogy melyik szférában szeretnének dolgozni.
Az employer branding és a stresszkezelés szerepe a z generációs fiatalok foglalkoztatásában
Authors: Békési Nóra , Szűcs Róbert Sándor
Published: July 2021

A munkáltatók sikerének kulcsa a munkaerőben, mint termelési tényezőben rejlik. A nemzetgazdasági mutatók tükrében látható, hogy a vállalatok számos nehézséggel küzdenek a HRM területén. Ilyen a képzett munkaerő iránti túlkereslet és az elöregedő társadalom negatív következményei. A helyzetet tovább súlyosbítja, hogy a munkaerő piacra már belépett vagy belépni készülő Z generáció különbözik minden eddigitől, ez az első digitális nemzedék. Szocializációjuk és a világgal való kapcsolatuk merőben eltér az idősebb korosztályétól. A munkahelyi stressz eddig is komoly akadályokat gördített a vállalatok elé. A stressz egyre nagyobb kihívássá vált napjainkban, tekintve, hogy a Z generáció sokkal inkább hajlamosabb a stresszre és szorongásra, mint a korábbi nemzedékek. Ez tovább fokozza a vállalatok fluktuációs problémáit. A megoldást az employer branding alkalmazásában látjuk, aminek célja a munkáltatók iránti elköteleződés kialakítása, növelése. Kutatásunkban az employer branding, a munkahelyi stressz és a Z generációs fiatalok alkalmazásának összefüggéseit vizsgáljuk szakirodalmi források áttekintésével.
Cartographic And Relief Analysis of the Location of the Mounds of the Lower Don
Authors:   State Autonomous Cultural Institution of the Rostov Region “The Don Heritage”, A. Faifert
Published: July 2021

The regularities of the location of steppe mounds are currently poorly understood. The study is based on the inventory of the objects of the archaeological heritage of the Rostov region in the 1990s and 2008–2020. The presented developments were verified and refined by the excavations of mounds: floodplain, terraced, terraced-cape, slope, watershed. Five levels of analysis of the position of the mounds are proposed. The basic techniques of mound constructing are described, and the findings of the components of tools for digging the soil are presented. Three stages of the development of the burial mound are identified. Characteristics are given to natural, biogenic and anthropogenic forms of relief, which need to be distinguished from mounds. All this data is proposed to be used to search for mounds. To identify the mounds in the area, the key features of burial mounds are described along with biogenic, anthropogenic and geological landforms which have to be differentiated from mounds. Key words: the Lower Don, burial mound, topography, relief, steppe.
Determining the Boundaries of Archaeological Sites Using UAV Surveys: Solving Problems on The Example Of Gorny Altay
Authors:   Altai State University, A. Fedoruk , D. Papin ,   Altai State University,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, E. Krupochkin ,   Altai State University, S. Sukhanov ,   Altai State University
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of the expanding technical and technological capabilities of scientific methods, of special interest are new ways of obtaining field measurements, which can be successfully applied in combination with traditional archaeological survey. The technology of unmanned shooting acts is one of such methods. In the course of work on the mapping of archaeological sites and the establishment of their boundaries, a comprehensive survey technology was developed and tested. Intermediate and final digital products have been created for all the objects. The first ones include orthomosaic, digital elevation models and arrays (clouds); the second ones include digital plans (on a scale of 1: 500–1: 5000) with coordinates of turning points and boundaries of sites. When carrying out a complex of field and office work, the technology of UAV shooting with the help of a drone of a copter type was worked out, the optimal position of the reference signs and their number for the shot sites were determined. We established the most favorable shooting conditions, under which weather conditions could differ significantly from those prescribed in the instructions. So, for example, it is possible to perform GNSS surveys and UAV surveys when precipitation are light and wind speeds up to 10 m / s. The resulting errors are compensated partly by the on-board accelerometer, and partly by the algorithms for geometric correction of images and mosaics in general. Key words: boundary definition, archaeological mapping, geoinformatics methods, unmanned systems, aerial photography Acknowledgements: The research was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR project No. 18–05–00864 “Development of the Theory and Methods of Archaeological GIS Mapping and Analysis of Geoarchaeological Data (on the example of model cites of Altai)”.
Finds of Artifacts from the Charyshsky District of the Altai Territory
Authors:   Altai State University, S. Grushin , E. Afanasieva ,   Altai Academy of Hospitality
Published: July 2021

The paper is devoted to the generalization and characterization of random finds from the territory of the Charyshsky district of the Altai Territory. The summary includes both previously published items and new artifacts, information about which was received by the authors during the archaeological research of the Ust-Teplaya burial ground in 2020. The collection of artifacts published for the first time consists of three items. This is a double-headed iron psalium with sculptural design of the tips in the form of the heads of mythical birds with an elongated beak, a horn double-headed psalium and a bronze knife with a ring pommel. These items supplement the body of random finds from the area under consideration, which includes items already published in the scientific literature, such as stone drilled axes belonging to the Afanasyevo culture of the Eneolithic era of the 31st — 27th centuries BC, stone mace pommel and bronze dagger of the early and Middle Bronze period of the 22nd — 15th centuries BC and bronze bits of the Early Scythian time of the 8th — 6th centuries BC. The paper also presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of a metal knife and bit, which showed that the objects were cast from a copper-tin alloy. The analyzed artifacts, random finds from the territory of the Charyshsky district of the Altai Territory, reflect various historical and cultural stages of the development of the population of Northern Altai. The artifacts add to the collection of archaeological sources on the ancient history of the region, from the Eneolithic to the early Middle Ages inclusively. Keywords: random finds, artifacts, psalia, bits, knife and dagger, mace pommel, stone axes, Eneolithic, Afanasiev culture, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Early Scythian time, Pazyryk culture, Early Middle Ages
Excavatons of crypts at the burial ground of Shestakovo-II and issues of the chronology of the shestakov culture
Authors:   Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, A. Kulemzin , A. Ilyushin ,   Kuzbass State Technical University named after T. F. Gorbachev
Published: July 2021

The article publishes and investigates the materials of the excavations of 1976 and 1980 at the Shestakovo-II burial mound in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region. The burial monument is located in the Achinsko-Mariinsky forest-steppe on the second floodplain terrace of the Kia River near the village of Shestakovo, next to other archaeological sites investigated (the Shestakovo-I settlement, the Shestakovo-II settlement and the Shestakovo i burial mound), which belong to the final stage of the early Iron Age and form a single archaeological cultural and chronological complex Excavation materials are systematized at the level of elements of burial structures, memorial funeral rite, burial method and burial equipment. A comparative analysis of published materials with sources from neighboring territories and the valley of the middle reaches of the Kii River is carried out. It is concluded that the published sources are close to the excavation materials of the objects of the third and fourth stages of the Shestakovo i burial mound, which is a reference site for the Shestakovo archaeological culture of the transitional Tagaro-Tashtyk time in the Achinsk-Mariinsky forest-steppe in 1979. Based on the statement that the Tesin archaeological culture of the 3rd century BC is the middle of the 3rd century in the steppes of the Middle Yenisei is a synchronous Shestakov archaeological culture of the Achinsk- Mariinsky forest-steppe and, taking into account the observations made by various authors about the late creation of similar processes in this region, we model a cultural and chronological development scheme. This suggests that the Shestakov archaeological culture could have function from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century. This model and the analogies given to the materials from the Shestakovo II burial mound allow us to date this monument to the 3rd — 4th centuries and attribute it to the final stage of the development of the Shestakovo archaeological culture. Key words: Achinsk-Mariinsky forest-steppe, finale of the early Iron Age, Shestakovo-II burial ground, Shestakovo archaeological culture
Ceramics of Kurlek Settlement (northern foothills of Altai)
Authors:   Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, A. Kazakov , A. Tishkin ,   Altai State University, N. Stepanova ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: July 2021

Ancient pottery has a tremendous information potential for cultural and historical reconstructions. Such source of information requires a comprehensive study. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of a small collection of ceramic fragments (about 200 items) originating from the destroyed cultural layer of the Kurlek settlement in the northern foothills of Altai. According to the shape and ornamentation of the rims, the collection highlights and demonstrates the materials of three known archaeological cultures of the Early Iron Age: Bystryanskaya, Kulaiskaya and Maiminskaya. The results of the technical and technological research are of special importance. Seven different recipes of pottery paste have been recorded. They have been correlated with other identified features of ceramic production. There has been made a conclusion about contacts of the Bystryanskaya culture population with the representatives of the Kulaiskaya historical and cultural community. The Maiminskaya ceramics showed a mixture of different cultural traditions. Having studied the presented materials, there is still need for further considering other available finds within the framework of the mentioned cultures. Keywords: northern foothills of Altai, Kurlek, settlement, fragments of ceramics, Early Iron Age, ornament, technical and technological analysis, Bystryanskaya culture, Kulaiskaya culture, Maiminskaya culture Acknowledgements: The study was partially carried out within the framework of state assignment No. 0329–2019–0003 “Historical and cultural processes in Siberia and adjacent territories” (performer — N. F. Stepanova).
Stuffed Ceramics of the Late Bronze Epoch of the Settlement of Burla-3
Authors:   Altai State University, D. Papin ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, A. Fedoruk ,   Altai State University, V. Loman ,   Karaganda University named after E. A. Buketov, N. Stepanova ,   Altai State University,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the results of a comprehensive analysis of the molded ceramics of the Burla-3 settlement of the Late Bronze Age, carried out according to the method of A. A. Bobrinsky. Based on the study of molding masses (FM) of ceramic vessels, it has been established that the pottery tradition is represented by several groups associated with populations of different origins. The main one is the autochthonous technology for the use of chamotte as additives, at the same time, foreign cultural methods for the use of gruss are distinguished. The methods of designing vessels made it possible to reveal that the technological scheme of the Sargary-Alekseevsk culture is dominant. Correlation of the obtained data with the ornamental scheme of the ceramic complex made it possible to distinguish several technological groups: “Sargary-Alekseevskaya”, “Dongal”, “Irmenskaya”, and hybrid types between them. Keywords: Burla-3, Ob-Irtysh interfluve, steppe Altai, ceramics, technical and technological analysis, Late Bronze Age Acknowledgments: The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 20–18–00179 “Migration and the Processes of Ethnocultural Interaction as Factors in the Formation of Multiethnic Societies on the Territory of the Greater Altai in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: an Interdisciplinary Analysis of Archaeological and Anthropological Materials”.
Technology of Production of Ceramics of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) Culture of the Steppe and Forest-Steppe Altai (on the materials of research of the historical and cultural approach)
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, I. Savko ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: July 2021

Based on the analysis of publications devoted to the study of ceramics of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture of the steppe and forest-steppe Altai, the article considers the peculiarities of pottery production, studied within the framework of the historical and cultural direction developed by A. A. Bobrinsky. Using the historical and cultural approach, the researchers studied the ceramic complexes of twelve settlements and two burial grounds of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture of Altai, totaling 559 vessels. On the basis of the published studies, the article gives a general characteristic of the technology for the manufacture of Andronovo ceramics of Altai is given, and identifies the main directions of research work reflecting the approaches to the analysis of the material considered. The available data on the technology of making dishes of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture allow us to say about the prospects of studying this topic from the standpoint of the historical and cultural direction. A. A. Bobrinsky’s approach makes it possible to draw conclusions about cultural traditions in pottery, reconstruct the directions of migration and reveal the mixing of population groups, which will contribute to solving the issues of the origin and periodization of the Fedorov culture not only of the steppe and forest-steppe Altai, but also of the entire area of distribution of the Andronovo cultural and historical community. Key words: Andronovo culture, Fedorovo culture, ceramics, historical and cultural approach, history of study Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 20–18–00179 “Migration and the Processes of Ethnocultural Interaction as Factors in the Formation of Multiethnic Societies on the Territory of the Greater Altai in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Interdisciplinary Analysis of Archaeological and Anthropological Materials”.
The Complexes of the Late Period of the Nabil Archaeological Culture (North-Western Sakhalin).
Authors:   OOO “Iziskatel SakhGU”, P. Pashentsev
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the archaeological materials of the two Nabil dwellings located on the sand spit, which separates one of the largest lagoons in the north-eastern part of Sakhalin Island from the Sea of Okhotsk. The researched archaeological objects are presented by pit dwellings with entrances in the form of a corridor-crawlway. The objects are synchronized, and they have C14 calibration age within the 4th –2nd century BC. During the existence of the settlement (the climate boundary was between Sub-Boreal and Sub-Atlantic phases) the climate was a little warmer than the modern one. The objects were located in the favourable fishing area of the island. The household complexes of the dwellings are similar. The Nabil’s pottery has foreign cultural influence and it is differentiated from the Early Nabil complexes. There are a lot of stone tools intended for the fishery. The stone tools were locally produced. There are both the stone tools and the corroded metal fragments and the stone replica of the metal tools. The Nabil jewelry is of transit origin and it shows the presence of relationships between South Sakhalin and the continental areas of Far East. It is assumed that in the conditions of a shortage of metals, the need for its import caused the integration of the peoples of Sakhalin into the system of regional trade and exchange relations. Keywords: Sakhalin Island, Paleometal age, Nabil culture, pit dwelling, pointed shape pottery, stone tools, tubular beads, iron Acknowledgements: The author is grateful to her teachers and colleagues Doctor of History Alexander A. Vasilevsky and Candidate of History Vyacheslav A. Grishchenko for critical and suggestive remarks that contributed to a broader understanding of the sources.
Prevalência de lesão periapical radiolúcida nos pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária
Authors: Braga Paula Silva , Martinelli Katrini Guidolini , Valim Valéria , Zamboni Jisely Brito , Nejain Yuri , Del-Piero Lorrany de Barros , Barros Liliana Aparecida Pimenta-de , Rosetti Elizabeth Pimentel
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Pacientes com Síndrome de Sjögren Primária (SSP) apresentam maior incidência de cárie dentária. Como consequência da cárie, podem ocorrer lesões periapicais radiolúcidas (LPR). Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de LPR nos pacientes com SSP e caracterizar radiologicamente os dentes associados às LPR. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo pacientes com SSP, recrutados em uma Clínica de Reumatologia (HUCAM-ES), que foram submetidos, inicialmente, a um questionário socioeconômico e avaliação clínica do fluxo salivar. Posteriormente, radiografias foram obtidas por um sistema digital intrabucal, com posicionador para a técnica periapical do paralelismo. Realizou-se a estatística descritiva por meio da média e desvio-padrão para as variáveis quantitativas, e frequências absoluta e relativa para as variáveis qualitativas. Realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado com IC95% e o teste t de Student para comparação dos pacientes com e sem lesão periapical. Resultados: No total, 24 pacientes fizeram parte do estudo, todos do sexo feminino (20 - 71 anos). O número médio de dentes/paciente foi de 23,3 ± 3,1, com prevalência de LPR dentária de 7,86%. Do total de pacientes, 70,8% tinham pelo menos uma LPR. Na comparação dos dentes com e sem LPR, os dentes com LPR apresentaram maior porcentagem de canal tratado e cárie. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados, pode-se concluir que as LPR encontradas nos pacientes com SSP são uma condição frequente, principalmente quando associadas a dentes com canal(is) obturado(s).
Estudo da anatomia de incisivos inferiores em uma população da região Sudeste brasileira, usando TCFC
Authors: Campos Danilo De Luca , Maeda Walber Shiniti , Nascimento Wayne Martins , Drumond João Paulo , Panzarella Francine Kuhl , Soares Adriana de Jesus , Frozoni Marcos Roberto dos Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), a morfologia dos canais radiculares de dentes incisivos inferiores, em uma população da região Sudeste brasileira, e sua relação com a idade e o sexo dos pacientes Métodos: Foram analisados 371 prontuários de pacientes de ambos os sexos que continham exames de TCFC, totalizando 1.484 dentes incisivos inferiores. As imagens tomográficas foram capturadas com o tomógrafo Orthopantomograph OP300, com voxel de 0,20mm. A morfologia dos dentes foi avaliada de acordo com a classificação de Vertucci, e foram investigados os efeitos do sexo e da idade dos pacientes sobre a variação na morfologia desses dentes. Resultados: Todos os dentes avaliados apresentaram apenas uma raiz; 80,7% dos incisivos inferiores apresentaram um único canal (Tipo I de Vertucci). O segundo canal esteve presente em 19,3% dos casos, sendo do Tipo II de Vertucci em 1,1%, Tipo III em 18,1%, Tipo IV em 0,1% e Tipo V em 0,1%. Não houve influência estatisticamente significativa (p=0,890) do sexo na morfologia dos incisivos inferiores. Dentro da faixa etária analisada, os indivíduos com menos de 18 anos e aqueles com 40 a 49 anos (28,2% e 26,8% respectivamente) apresentaram significância estatística (p=0,001) quanto à presença de segundo canal, compa- rados aos de outras faixas etárias. Conclusões: A morfologia mais prevalente foi a Tipo I de Vertucci, seguida pelo Tipo III, sem diferença entre os sexos, e com maior prevalência de variação morfológica nos indivíduos com menos de 18 anos e com 40 a 49 anos de idade.
Challenges of digital narratives in the apprehension of the cultural and natural heritage of the nation
Authors: Ospina Cordero Julio César , Robelto Cantor Lida María
Published: July 2021

En los actuales debates sobre conocimiento y descolonización de la memoria se pregunta por el lugar que tiene en la política pública el saber ancestral y su relación con la sociedad. Articular el trabajo de las narrativas digitales en museos comunitarios y centros locales de memoria se convierte en reto para la supervivencia de este medio de comunicación para la apropiación social del patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial y natural de la nación. La Netnografía como método de investigación en línea permite indagar en estos sitios esa relación desigual entre el centro y la periferia. Se identifican prácticas centralistas con fuerte tradición colonial que se niegan a desaparecer e impiden la implementación de iniciativas locales y regionales en favor de la verdad y la recuperación de la memoria colectiva.
Affordability and quality of cross-border reproductive care from the perspective of surrogacy mediating agencies in Spain
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Wilfrid Antonio , Jareño Ruiz Diana , Gracia Soriano Pablo de , Navalón Mira Alba
Published: July 2021

La gestación por sustitución contribuye a la transformación de las concepciones sociales de la filiación y los cambios en las estrategias reproductivas de las familias. En la presente contribución se relaciona la teoría de la atención reproductiva transfronteriza con las teorías posmodernas de la vida familiar, con el propósito de explorar qué temáticas, elementos y contenidos utilizan las agencias intermediarias de gestación por sustitución que tienen por destinatarios a las madres y padres de intención españoles. Se utiliza la metodología cualitativa y la técnica de análisis de contenido temático tras el registro de la información online recogida de las agencias. Los resultados evidencian el papel de estas agencias mediadoras en los procesos de gestación por sustitución en España, además de generar conocimiento en el área de las nuevas formas familiares constituidas mediante técnicas de reproducción asistida.
Subjective well-being: Self-perception in beneficiaries of a Social Program in Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Caldera González Diana del Consuelo , Ortega Carrillo Miguel Agustín , Sánchez Ramos Ma. Eugenia
Published: July 2021

El objetivo fue medir el bienestar subjetivo en beneficiarios de los Centros Impulso Social en el estado de Guanajuato, México. La investigación tiene enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo; el instrumento fue una encuesta de 76 reactivos aplicada a una muestra incidental de 419 beneficiarios en 54 Centros ubicados en 32 de 46 municipios del estado. En los resultados los beneficiarios perciben una satisfacción vital de 8.89 (escala 0-10); los dominios de satisfacción mejor valorados son vida familiar, vida afectiva y logros personales; el estado de ánimo se inclina hacia emociones positivas; y finalmente el índice de felicidad es de 8.71 (escala 0-10). Se concluye que el Programa Social sí ha cumplido su objetivo, puesto que el bienestar subjetivo percibido por los beneficiarios es superior a la media estatal y nacional.
Wenn, weil – dann
Authors: Gentz Joachim
Published: July 2021

Besonderheiten altchinesischer Prognostik werden an zwei Texten aus dem 3. und 4. Jh. v. u. Z. diskutiert, dem »Xici«-Kapitel des Buches der Wandlungen und dem Zuo zhuan. Sie zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie zum ersten Mal empirisch begründete Erklärungen für den Zusammenhang von Protasis und Apodosis in der Prognostik geben, die erfolgreiche Durchführung der Prognose aber an die moralische Qualifikation des Deuters als letzte Bedingung knüpfen.