bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Comparison of Nutritional Supplement Use, Knowledge, and Attitudes in Medical and Non-Medical Students in China
Authors: Liu Hechun , Yang Yuexin , Xu Dengfeng , Xia Hui , Pan Da , Wang Shaokang , Sun Guiju
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes of Chinese university students with respect to nutritional supplements. We conducted a cross-sectional study in several universities around China from January to December 2017, and enrolled a total of 8752 students. Of these, 4252 were medical students and 4500 were non-medical students. The use of nutritional supplements was reported by 58.9% in universities students, with a higher rate for medical students as compared to non-medical students. It was found 24.2% of participants had taken supplements in the past year. Medical students had a higher level of knowledge on nutritional supplements than non-medical students (p < 0.001). The most commonly used nutritional supplements were vitamin C, calcium, and vitamin B. Gender (p < 0.001), household income (p < 0.001), and health status (p < 0.001) were related to the nutritional supplement use after adjustment for related factors. In conclusion, in China, nutritional supplement use was found to be more common in medical students than those studying other disciplines, and was associated with sex, income, and health status. The attitude towards nutritional supplements by medical students was positive. Students’ knowledge levels about nutritional supplements need to be improved
Effects of Boswellia Serrata Roxb. and Curcuma longa L. in an In Vitro Intestinal Inflammation Model Using Immune Cells and Caco-2
Authors: Governa Paolo , Marchi Maddalena , Cocetta Veronica , De Leo Bianca , Saunders Philippa T. K. , Catanzaro Daniela , Miraldi Elisabetta , Montopoli Monica , Biagi Marco
Published: November 2018

Inflammatory bowel diseases, which consist of chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon and the small intestine, are considered a global disease of our modern society. Recently, the interest toward the use of herbal therapies for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases has increased because of their effectiveness and favourable safety profile, compared to conventional drugs. Boswellia serrata Roxb. and Curcuma longa L. are amongst the most promising herbal drugs, however, their clinical use in inflammatory bowel diseases is limited and little is known on their mechanism of action. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of two phytochemically characterized extracts of B. serrata and C. longa in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation. Their impact on cytokine release and reactive oxygen species production, as well as the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function and on intestinal mucosa immune cells infiltration, has been evaluated. The extracts showed a good protective effect on the intestinal epithelium at 1 µg/mL, with TEER values increasing by approximately 1.5 fold, compared to LPS-stimulated cells. C. longa showed an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, reducing IL-8, TNF-α and IL-6 production by approximately 30%, 25% and 40%, respectively, compared to the inflammatory stimuli. B. serrata action was linked to its antioxidant effect, with ROS production being reduced by 25%, compared to H2O2-stimulated Caco-2 cells. C. longa and B. serrata resulted to be promising agents for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases by modulating in vitro parameters which have been identified in the clinical conditions.
Designing a Formulation of the Nootropic Drug Aniracetam Using 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Suitable for Parenteral Administration
Authors: Goldsmith Sebastian D. , McDowell Arlene
Published: November 2018

The nootropic drug aniracetam is greatly limited in its application by low aqueous solubility and a poor oral bioavailability. The primary aim of this study was to design a parenteral formulation of aniracetam that can be administered intravenously. Complexation of aniracetam with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was investigated as a strategy to enhance solubility. A phase solubility analysis was performed to quantify the extent of improvement. An 819% increase in the solubility of aniracetam was obtained, reaching 36.44 mg/mL. This marked increase enables aniracetam to exist in an aqueous solvent at levels sufficient for parenteral dosing. A stability test was then devised using a design of experiment approach. The aniracetam-HP-β-CD formulation was subjected to different relative humidity and temperature and cyclodextrin concentrations over a 12-week period. Key changes in FTIR vibrational frequencies suggest the benzene moiety of aniracetam was introduced into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD. These results are highly supportive of the formation of a predictable 1:1 molar stoichiometric inclusion complex, explaining the improvement seen in physiochemical properties of aniracetam following formulation with HP-β-CD. This novel formulation of aniracetam suitable for parenteral administration will have utility in future studies to further elucidate the pharmacokinetics of this drug.
Addressing the Conceptual Controversy of Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture: A Combined Perspective from Environmental Philosophy and Agri-Environmental Sciences
Authors: Cambareri Gustavo , Grant-Young Joshua
Published: November 2018

During the last 20 years, agronomists, environmentalists and related researchers have conveyed the need of producing enough food to satisfy the growing population demand, with minimum environmental footprint. Under this framework, the need for a “sustainable intensification” (SI) of agriculture has arisen, being a concept deeply contested the last several years. We aim to shed some light on the matter from the point of view of both environmental philosophy and agri-environmental sciences. We found that the lack of clarity exposes the conceptual limits of SI, since its attributions are far from being extrapolated, for example, to animal production. Agricultural science should ensure that stakeholders understand the facts and implications of SI before implementing them. In addition, if understood only as either a set of practices or a sort of panacea, SI will be closer to fail for stakeholders’ expectations. Then, a key concern we have highlighted is one which should compel agri-environmental scientists and environmental philosophers alike to hold such conceptual frameworks accountable. Ensuring communities and public actors make informed choices about food security requires that shared goals between our disciplines are enacted in research, with community well-being as a core consideration of any debate regarding sustainability.
Effect of Compatibilizer on the Interface Bonding of Graphene Oxide/Polypropylene Composite Fibers
Authors: Miao Miao , Wei Chunyan , Wang Ying , Qian Yongfang
Published: November 2018

To improve the interfacial bonding and thermal stability of graphene oxide (GO)/polypropylene (PP) composite fibers, a composite fiber with PP as the matrix, GO as reinforcement and maleic anhydride-grafted PP (PP-g-MAH) as a compatibilizer was prepared by a simple and efficient melt-blending method. The GO content was 0.0–5.0 wt %. According to the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy results, the interfacial bonding in the PP/MAH/GO composite fibers was improved. The Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results show that the addition of GO resulted in better interfacial adhesion and higher storage modulus (E′). The loss modulus (E″) of the PP/MAH/GO-x composite fibers increased with increasing amount of added GO, whereas the loss factor (tan δ) decreased. GO and PP-g-MAH were analyzed by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The thermal stability of the composite fibers was improved compared to PP. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the addition of PP-g-MAH to the composite fiber improved the interfacial bonding of GO in the PP matrix. Thus, compatibility between the two components was obtained. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results, the PP fibers exhibited relative orientation due to the strong crystalline morphology. The rough section, PP/GO blend fiber exhibits a very clear phase separation morphology due to the incompatibility between the two and the compatibility of GO and PP in PP/MAH/GO-3 composite fiber is improved, resulting in the interface between the two has improved.
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO2 as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Mensen Christiaan , Qian Xiaohua , Picchioni Francesco
Published: November 2018

Polycaprolactone-g-glycidyl methacrylate (PCL-g-GMA), a reactive interfacial agent for PCL-starch blends, is synthesized using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as reaction medium and relatively high molecular weight PCL (Mw = 50,000). Higher GMA and radical initiator intakes lead to higher functionalization degrees (FD) for PCL-g-GMA samples. A mathematical model is developed to describe the correlation between monomer and initiator intake and FD values. The model shows an excellent R2-value (0.978), which implies a good fit of the experimental data. Comparison of this model with a similar one for the reaction in the melt clearly indicates a better reaction efficiency in scCO2. Furthermore, GPC results show that less degradation occurred for samples made in scCO2. Finally, the use of the PCL-g-GMA made in scCO2 (as interfacial agent) in ternary blend of PCL/starch/PCL-g-GMA results in better mechanical properties with respect to those obtained by using the same graft-copolymer as prepared in the melt.
Sulfonated Binaphthyl-Containing Poly(arylene ether ketone)s with Rigid Backbone and Excellent Film-Forming Capability for Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Zhang Wenmeng , Chen Shaoyun , Chen Dongyang , Ye Zhuoliang
Published: November 2018

Sterically hindered (S)-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol had been successfully copolymerized with 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol and 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone to yield fibrous poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) containing various amounts of binaphthyl unit, which was then selectively and efficiently sulfonated using ClSO3H to yield sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) with ion exchange capacities (IECs) ranging from 1.40 to 1.89 mmol·g−1. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by 2D 1H–1H COSY NMR and FT-IR. The thermal properties, water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, oxidative stability and mechanical properties of SPAEKs were investigated in detail. It was found that the conjugated but non-coplanar structure of binaphthyl unit endorsed excellent solubility and film-forming capability to SPAEKs. The SPAEK-50 with an IEC of 1.89 mmol·g−1 exhibited a proton conductivity of 102 mS·cm−1 at 30 °C, much higher than that of the state-of-the-art Nafion N212 membrane and those of many previously reported aromatic analogs, which may be attributed to the likely large intrinsic free volume of SPAEKs created by the highly twisted chain structures and the desirable microscopic morphology. Along with the remarkable water affinity, thermal stabilities and mechanical properties, the SPAEKs were demonstrated to be promising proton exchange membrane (PEM) candidates for potential membrane separations.
Multiscale Modeling of Structure, Transport and Reactivity in Alkaline Fuel Cell Membranes: Combined Coarse-Grained, Atomistic and Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Dong Dengpan , Zhang Weiwei , Barnett Adam , Lu Jibao , Van Duin Adri C. T. , Molinero Valeria , Bedrov Dmitry
Published: November 2018

In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of hydrated anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), comprised of poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) polymers functionalized with quaternary ammonium cationic groups, were conducted using multiscale coupling between three different models: a high-resolution coarse-grained (CG) model; Atomistic Polarizable Potential for Liquids, Electrolytes and Polymers (APPLE&P); and ReaxFF. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are summarized and compared. The proposed multiscale coupling utilizes the strength of each model and allows sampling of a broad spectrum of properties, which is not possible to sample using any of the single modeling techniques. Within the proposed combined approach, the equilibrium morphology of hydrated AEM was prepared using the CG model. Then, the morphology was mapped to the APPLE&P model from equilibrated CG configuration of the AEM. Simulations using atomistic non-reactive force field allowed sampling of local hydration structure of ionic groups, vehicular transport mechanism of anion and water, and structure equilibration of water channels in the membrane. Subsequently, atomistic AEM configuration was mapped to ReaxFF reactive model to investigate the Grotthuss mechanism in the hydroxide transport, as well as the AEM chemical stability and degradation mechanisms. The proposed multiscale and multiphysics modeling approach provides valuable input for the materials-by-design of novel polymeric structures for AEMs.
Intertwined Sources of Buddhist Modernist Opposition to Ritual: History, Philosophy, Culture
Authors: Payne Richard K.
Published: November 2018

This essay is an inquiry into the religio-cultural background of the opposition to ritual evidenced by many adherents of Buddhist modernism. This background can be structured by three different kinds of questions—historical, philosophical, and cultural.
The American Jewish Future after Immigration and Ethnicity Fade: H. A. Wolfson’s Analysis in 1918
Authors: Perlmann Joel
Published: November 2018

H. A. Wolfson arrived in the United States at 16 from the Lithuanian region of the Russian Empire and at Harvard as a freshman five years later. He remained at Harvard until his death in 1974, as Emeritus Professor of Hebrew Literature and Philosophy. Among the most important historians of western religious philosophy, he published on contemporary issues only until 1925 and even then only rarely. Nevertheless, his 1918 article, “Pomegranates”, deserves attention. Wolfson clearly followed debates about the American ethnic future. He carved out an original and unexpected position on that issue, and on the American Jewish future within that context. He perceptively rejected Horace Kallen’s views of a “multi-national America”, and like Israel Zangwill’s Melting Pot, he stressed that full cultural and political assimilation would occur in the United States. But unlike Zangwill, he argued that Jewish religious creativity would find a long-term place in American life, once freed of its national trappings. Strongly supporting a Hebraic renaissance and a Jewish homeland in Palestine, he also emphasized with great force that the “we”—the east-European Jewish intellectuals and the Zionists—had greatly misunderstood the promise of Reform Judaism for the diaspora.
Contribution à l'étude du karst et des grottes du Kaokoland (Namibie)
Authors: Martini J.E.J. , Marais J.C.E. , Irish J
Published: November 2018

Les auteurs décrivent le karst dolomitique du Kaokoland, une région aride de la Namibie qui est peu connue spéléologiquement. La géomorphologie, le régime de l'écoulement karstique et la chimie des eaux sont passés en revue.

Bien que la surface du karst soit vaste, les grottes sont rares et généralement réduites à de grandes salles uniques, qui ne se sont apparemment pas connectées à des réseaux de galeries. Sept de ces grottes sont décrites en détail, de même que leur minéralogie qui est variée et comprend des espèces peu communes. Ce karst est comparé avec d'autres karsts d'Afrique australe, lesquels se sont développés dans des régions plus humides. Un modèle de spéléogenèse est proposé, qui implique le mélange d'eaux de la nappe karstique superficielle avec des eaux anoxiques profondes sulfurées, expliquant ainsi le développement très localisé de larges cavités.
Aspects hydrogéologiques du Yucatan (Mexique)
Authors: Thomas Christian
Published: November 2018

Rasgos hidrogeologicos del Yucatan (Mexico).

Los karsts sumergidos son numerosos e importantes en la peninsula del Yucatan (México). Las exploraciones espeleonâuticas, los datos hidrolôgicos y fisico-quimicos de las cavidades litorales y submarinas han permitido comprender los principales rasgos hidrogeologicos de este tipo de karst. Este articulo trata del funcionamiento hidrogeolôgico de estos karsts litorales particulares, de la influencia de las mareas sobre las circu-laciones kârsticas, de la salinisaciôn de las aguas continentales y delà evalua-ciôn de las reservas de agua dulce. Igualmente, se propone una quantificaciôn de la ablaciôn kârstica. Estas distintas caracteristkas del karst de Yucatan se comparan con otros karsts litorales (Isla de Lifou y de Nullarbor). Palabras-claves : karst litoral, cavidades submarinas, cénotes, hidrogeologia, ablaciôn kârstica, Yucatan, México.
NORMATIVE APPROACHES IN MAKING CULTURAL QUARTERS AND ASSESSMENT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRY PARKS IN SHANGHAI
Authors: Zheng Jane
Published: November 2018

This article aims to synthesize the principles of making cultural quarters in literature and test their applicability in creative industry parks in the Chinese context. Extant literature on creative industry parks in China lacks an evaluation instrument for evaluating the performance of creative industry parks. This research reviews normative theories regarding cultural quarter making and identifies three approaches, namely the area-based approach in cultural quarter design, architectural design principles (tailored to cultural quarters), and a comprehensive framework that comprises three dimensions, i.e., activity, built form, and meaning. These normative approaches were applied to evaluate the quality of creative industry parks that emerged in Shanghai in the recent decade. Qualitative research methods, including on-site reconnaissance, observation, and interview, were adopted. The former two approaches revealed good design practices in Shanghai’s creative industry parks. A systematic evaluation of the said parks through a comparative study suggests significant disparity in the dimensions of architectural design and place making. Additionally, indicators of state support for micro and small creative industry companies and arts funding are less applicable in Shanghai. These findings reveal the role of the private sector in constructing a diversified creative environment which was previously enshrined by the state. With these outcomes, this research partially endorses the value of the normative theories to guide the practice of making and evaluating cultural quarters in the Chinese context.
GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG?
Authors: Olczyk Magdalena , Kordalska Aleksandra
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to test empirically the relationship between structural changes (changes in gross value added and employment) and economic growth. We used a panel Granger-causality analysis based on annual data for eight transition countries, covering the period 1995–2011. The main finding is that the causality relations analysed are heterogeneous processes and are identified more often when we measure structural changes by value added than by changes in employment. Among the countries analysed, we separate a subgroup of economies with very strong bilateral causality (small countries such as Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia), a subgroup in which no causal relationships are observed (e.g., Hungary in the case of employment), and a group with a one-directional relationship (e.g., Poland, where GDP changes cause employment changes, but not vice versa). The research results point to the necessity of taking into account different relationships, whether one- or two-directional, between growth and structural changes in government economic policy. The paper presents a verifiable methodology, which was originally used to identify the analysed relationship in transition countries.
X-Ray Photo-desorption of H2O:CO:NH3 Circumstellar Ice Analogs: Gas-phase Enrichment
Authors: Jiménez-Escobar A. , Ciaravella A. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. , Huang C.-H. , Sie N.-E. , Chen Y.-J. , Muñoz Caro G. M.
Published: November 2018

We study the photo-desorption occurring in H2O:CO:NH3 ice mixtures irradiated with monochromatic (550 and 900 eV) and broadband (250–1250 eV) soft X-rays generated at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan). We detect many masses photo-desorbing, from atomic hydrogen (m/z = 1) to complex species with m/z = 69 (e.g., C3H3NO, C4H5O, C4H7N), supporting the enrichment of the gas phase. At low numbers of absorbed photons, substrate-mediated, exciton-promoted desorption dominates the photo-desorption yield, inducing the release of weakly bound (to the surface of the ice) species; as the number of weakly bound species declines, the photo-desorption yield decreases about one order of magnitude, until porosity effects, reducing the surface/volume ratio, produce a further drop of the yield. We derive an upper limit to the CO photo-desorption yield, which in our experiments varies from 1.4 to 0.007 molecules photon−1 in the range ∼1015–1020 absorbed photons cm−2. We apply these findings to a protoplanetary disk model irradiated by a central T Tauri star.
A Spectral and Timing Study of MAXI J1535–571, Based on Swift/XRT, XMM-Newton, and NICER Observations Obtained in Fall 2017
Authors: Stiele H. , Kong A. K. H.
Published: November 2018

We present a spectral-timing analysis of observations taken in fall 2017 of the newly detected X-ray transient MAXI J1535–571. We included 38 Swift/XRT window timing mode observations, 3 XMM-Newton observations, and 31 Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer observations in our study. We computed the fundamental diagrams commonly used to study black hole transients, and fitted power density and energy spectra to study the evolution of spectral and timing parameters. The observed properties are consistent with a bright black hole X-ray binary (

erg cm−2 s−1) that evolves from the low-hard-state to the high-soft state and back to the low-hard-state. In some observations the power density spectra showed type-C quasiperiodic oscillations, giving additional evidence that MAXI J1535–571 is in a hard state during these observations. The duration of the soft state with less than 10 days is unusually short and observations taken in spring 2018 show that MAXI J1535–571 entered a second (and longer) soft state.
The morphology of the preimaginal stages of Cleopomiarus micros (Germar, 1821) (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) and notes on its biology
Authors: Szwaj Ewelina , Łętowski Jacek , Pawlęga Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

As yet little is known of the bionomics of weevils of the genus Cleopomiarus Pierce, 1919; current knowledge is limited to data on the morphology and biology of the preimaginal stages of certain species. This paper includes original information on the life cycle of Cleopomiarusmicros (Germar, 1821). It presents the morphology of the egg, last larva (L3) and pupa. Data on the host plant (Jasionemontana L.) and breeding plant (Campanulapatula L.) and on the oviposition and phenology of the species are updated. The anatomy of the third-stage larva of C.micros shares certain traits with other species of the tribe Mecinini Gistel, 1848. Comparison of the morphology of preimaginal stages of C.micros with those previously described for other species of the genera Cleopomiarus and Miarus Schönherr, 1826 – previously considered the same genus – reveals species differences in larval body length, colour of the body and epicranium, and chaetotaxy of head and body.
Revision of the genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein in Southeast Asia, a tale of highly diverse male terminalia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Tang Chufei , Yang Ding , Grootaert Patrick
Published: November 2018

In the present paper the Oriental species of the genusLichtwardtiaEnderlein, 1912 are revised based on the type material of known species and new material from Singapore and Cambodia. A re-description and illustration of the holotype female ofLichtwardtiaziczac(Wiedemann, 1824) is given but since it has been described on the basis of a female only and its provenance India Orientalis is only a vague indication of its type locality, it is considered as a nomen dubium. All the species put as junior synonyms by Becker (1922) ofL.ziczacare re-established to their original status with diagnosis:Lichtwardtiapolychroma(Loew, 1864) andLichtwardtiaformosanaEnderlein, 1912. However,L.coxalisis now also considered as a nomen dubium since the original description is too short to distinguish it from other species and the holotype female is lost. In addition a re-description and illustrations ofL.hirsutiseta(de Meijere, 1916) are provided. Eight new species for science are described and illustrated:LichtwardtiacambodiensisTang & Grootaert,sp. n.(Cambodia),LichtwardtiaconspicabilisTang & Grootaert,sp. n.(Cambodia),LichtwardtiainfuscataTang & Grootaert,sp. n.(Cambodia),LichtwardtiamonstruosaTang & Grootaert,sp. n.(Cambodia),LichtwardtianodulataGrootaert & Tang,sp. n.(Singapore),LichtwardtiasemakauGrootaert & Tang,sp. n.(Singapore) andLichtwardtiasingaporensisGrootaert & Tang,sp. n.(Singapore).LichtwardtiazhangaeTang & Grootaert,sp. n.(Bali, Indonesia) is a new name for the species described by Zhang, Masunaga & Yang, 2009, asLichtwardtiaziczac(Wiedemann, 1824). There are only a few good diagnostic non-genitalic characters for the species, but the male terminalia are distinctive, from simple to very complicated and armed structures. A key is given to the species of the Oriental region. Barcodes are provided for the Singaporean species.

AlthoughLichtwardtiais a common genus in Southeast Asia it is generally not abundant locally. It is often found in anthropogenic disturbed habitats only. Four species are recorded from Singapore while eight species are sympatric and very abundant at the locality of Siem Reap in Cambodia.
Traumatismes en institutions
Authors: Pinel Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2018

Ce texte se donne pour objet d’examiner quelques destins psychiques des situations dramatiques, traumatogènes, rencontrées par des professionnels exerçant au sein d’institutions relevant du secteur social, médico-social, de la protection judiciaire de la jeunesse, confrontés à des adolescents ou à des adultes violents. L’approche se centrera sur l’analyse des effets de désorganisation personnelle et groupale mobilisés par ces situations de violence traumatique, et visera à dégager les conditions autorisant un processus de reprise élaborative.
Une institution, huit fonctions ou comment d’une fausse route trouver sa voix
Authors: Couallier Frédérique
Published: November 2018

En appui sur une étude clinique précise du cas de Matthieu, résident adulte au sein d’un Foyer d’accueil médicalisé, l’auteure met en lumière huit fonctions nécessaires à l’accueil psychique et affectif, au déploiement d’un transfert et à l’ouverture sensorielle sur l’environnement pour ces patients accueillis dans de telles institutions. Partant des théorisations classiques notamment celles de Haag, Winnicott ou Anzieu et celles plus actuelles comme les apports de Delion, Cupa ou de Maldiney, l’auteure explore les points d’articulation entre les fonctions de handling , d’appui auxiliaire, phorique, surmoïque, de pare-excitation, de signifiance, d’inscription… lesquelles permettent toutes d’assurer des rencontres individuelles avec Matthieu, d’accueillir la manifestation de transferts archaïques et de soutenir sa découverte tactile et visuelle de l’environnement. L’auteure discute également de la fonction du travail collectif transdisciplinaire dans ce contexte clinique.
Une proposition de définition de la consommation collaborative par les business models des entreprises marchandes
Authors: Loussaïef Leïla , Diridollou Cédric , Redon Gaëlle
Published: November 2018

Cet article s’inscrit dans le champ émergent et très varié de la consommation collaborative. Grâce à une analyse des modèles économiques d’un échantillon de 37 entreprises marchandes, il vise à circonscrire ce champ dans sa multiplicité, et à le définir. Il aboutit à une définition précise et partagée qui permet d’enrichir la littérature existante en dégageant les cinq dimensions constitutives du concept de consommation collaborative.
Le hackathon en mode Design Thinking ou quelles modalités pour former à des compétences méthodologiques et comportementales ?
Authors: Gréselle-Zaïbet Olfa , Kleber Aurélie , Dejoux Cécile
Published: November 2018

L’innovation pédagogique s’impose progressivement dans le champ de la formation et de l’enseignement car elle permet de répondre à de nouveaux enjeux, à l’ère du numérique. Ces enjeux sont à la fois l’appropriation de nouveaux outils numériques mais également le fait de repenser un présentiel à valeur ajoutée. Ainsi, il s’agira de capter l’attention et de susciter des changements d’état d’esprit, d’acculturer à de nouvelles méthodologies de travail et de rendre concret un apprentissage théorique. Dans ce cadre, le hackathon en mode Design Thinking 1 , représente un vecteur de formation qui permet d’acquérir, à la fois, des compétences méthodologiques et comportementales. Cet article présente les caractéristiques et les apports de cette pratique à partir de l’analyse d’une expérimentation réelle auprès d’un public en ressources humaines, de collaborateurs d’entreprises, d’enseignants-chercheurs et d’étudiants. L’analyse montre, que lors du déroulé de la journée, la formule permet à chacun des participants d’adopter les postures d’apprentissage complémentaires évoquées par le cycle expérientiel de Kolb (1984). Ainsi, au-delà des savoirs, ce sont des méthodes et des comportements qui sont acquis pour constituer le socle de nouvelles compétences.
Le théâtre d’entreprise : un outil de formation permettant de lutter contre les mécanismes discriminatoires ?
Authors: Montargot Nathalie , Redon Gaëlle
Published: November 2018

Le théâtre d’entreprise propose des offres de formation à la diversité. Pourtant leurs relations avec leurs entreprises clientes font l’objet de peu d’attention académique. Cette étude est centrée sur l’apport du théâtre d’entreprise, en tant qu’outil de lutte contre les mécanismes discriminatoires, dans les organisations. Une méthodologie qualitative triangulée, reposant sur 20 entretiens semi-directifs (menés auprès de théâtres d’entreprises et d’entreprises commanditaires) et de plusieurs observations non participantes est utilisée. Les résultats montrent que la formation par le théâtre, perçue comme un accélérateur de sensibilisation à la diversité, se focalise sur certaines dimensions, le plus souvent dans un but de mise en conformité avec la loi. Le manque d’évaluation des formations questionne cependant leur efficacité. Des recommandations sont formulées.
Politique de la suspicion et développement urbain au Cameroun. Le Programme participatif d’amélioration des bidonvilles (PPAB) dans la ville de Yaoundé
Authors: Belinga Ondoua Patrick Dieudonné
Published: November 2018

À partir de l’analyse d’un programme de développement urbain, cet article a pour ambition de montrer comment s’est effectué le redéploiement du pouvoir étatique au Cameroun grâce à ce que nous appelons un gouvernement par la suspicion exercé sur la société civile. Suspicion « par le bas », d’une part : la mise en scène du Programme participatif d’amélioration des bidonvilles (PPAB) comme un don de l’État a eu pour effet pervers la diffusion du soupçon et de la méfiance au sein des populations locales à l’égard des actions et des dépenses des acteurs associatifs. Suspicion « par le haut », d’autre part : les responsables du PPAB se sont déresponsabilisés en confiant à une ONG le soin d’opérer en tant qu’agent semi-étatique. Cette dernière a alimenté des formes de surveillance et de contrôle sur les associations locales.
Appels et contre-appels du « peuple » à la candidature de Paul Biya : affrontement préélectoral, tensions hégémoniques et lutte pour l’alternance politique au Cameroun
Authors: Manga Jean-Marcellin
Published: November 2018

Cet article interroge les appels et contre-appels à la candidature de Paul Biya en tant qu’outils de participation politique. Les appels à la candidature de l’actuel président donnent à voir la construction de loyautés politiques derrière lesquelles se profilent divers arrangements clientélistes qu’imaginent les catégories dirigeantes en vue de stabiliser leurs positions hégémoniques. À l’opposé, les contre-appels mettent en évidence la manière dont, par des stratégies plurielles, leurs challengers œuvrent à éroder le symbolisme qui, depuis plus de trois décennies, institue Paul Biya comme le candidat naturellement élu à la fonction présidentielle. À travers l’intérêt porté à ces technologies de mobilisation électorale, l’on voudrait surtout mettre en relief la dimension processuelle des élections. Ainsi, l’importance accordée ici au moment préélectoral, plutôt qu’au temps court des opérations électorales, offre une porte d’entrée pour l’étude des dynamiques conflictuelles et contradictoires qui travaillent la société politique camerounaise.
La jeunesse féminine djihadiste et le désir du don. Le don et sa polysémie
Authors: Khosrokhavar Farhad
Published: November 2018

Le départ de jeunes garçons et filles en Syrie et en Irak pendant le règne de l’État islamique (Daech) entre 2014 et 2016 n’est pas uniquement l’expression d’une manipulation par ce dernier. Le malaise profond des jeunes « adulescents » (adolescents et adultes à la fois) doit être compris en relation avec les problèmes internes mais aussi externes des sociétés modernes, qui ne donnent pas de possibilité de réalisation de soi aux « adolescents », cet âge intermédiaire entre l’enfance et l’âge adulte inventé par notre modernité. Le désir de reconnaissance d’être adulte, notamment par la capacité de faire don de soi à une communauté imaginaire qu’est celle d’un islam mythifié (la communauté nationale est froide et, de plus en plus, dépourvue d’âme), est à l’origine de l’engagement de nombre de jeunes filles qui sont parties ou ont voulu partir en Syrie. Comprendre leur subjectivité est essentiel pour pouvoir contrecarrer ce type d’engagement de la part de celles (mais aussi de ceux) qui n’ont pas la maturité nécessaire pour prendre des décisions susceptibles de briser leur vie future.
Loot, banque de guilde et stuff. Économie et sociabilités des guildes de jeu vidéo
Authors: Servais Olivier
Published: November 2018

Cet article se fonde sur l’intuition que l’on peut appréhender les pratiques vidéoludiques contemporaines, particulièrement pour les jeux de rôle en lignes massivement multijoueurs, à partir de la théorie du don.
« Garder tout en donnant » un héritage dans le centre du Myanmar
Authors: Huard Stéphen
Published: November 2018

Cet article examine la transmission de l’héritage dans une zone rurale du centre du Myanmar. L’étude de cette transmission au sein d’une famille d’agriculteurs montre que le paradoxe de « garder tout en donnant » structure l’héritage. Les parents doivent transmettre tout leur patrimoine, mais ils en gardent une partie pour continuer à vivre en la réservant pour la personne qui les prendra en charge. Partir d’un cas particulier dévoile comment cette transmission modifie la répartition de l’autorité et des responsabilités des personnes sur les choses et envers les autres. Étudier les relations personnelles plutôt que l’inaliénabilité des choses permet de décaler l’analyse de Weiner [1992] pour montrer qu’à travers la capacité à donner et à garder la question des obligations familiales est en jeu.
La philanthropie du Lions Club béninois, des dons qui créent une inégalité entre donateurs
Authors: de Hasque Jean-Frédéric
Published: November 2018

Cet article questionne la nature des dons du Lions Clubs africain. Les « œuvres », telles que sont nommées les opérations philanthropiques, restent la « propriété du donateur », comme Weiner le décrit ; elles servent à mettre en valeur les donateurs, qui se soucient peu des populations aidées. Ce qui nous intéresse est de définir la relation entre ces donateurs, situés en Afrique et en Occident lors de la transmission des « œuvres », qui révèle le caractère inégal des relations entre ceux-ci bien que tous membres de la même association. Le « donner tout en gardant » de Weiner deviendrait dans un contexte postcolonial une circulation « qui crée la soumission », non pas celle du récipiendaire, mais celle du donateur africain. Le don philanthropique serait le signe d’une « extraversion caritative », expression dérivée du terme du politiste Jean-François Bayart, une soumission orchestrée par les dominés afin de gagner du pouvoir à l’échelle locale.
La déformation sociale du temps est un défi pour nos institutions
Authors: Vignes Renaud
Published: November 2018

Dans nos sociétés modernes, le temps se déforme sous la pression de deux dynamiques qui s’auto-entretiennent. D’un côté, tout est fait pour transformer notre temps en une ressource toujours plus rare. De l’autre, un processus d’accélération sociale est à l’œuvre qui se confronte aux principes de stabilité et d’équilibre de nos institutions. Ces deux dynamiques déforment le temps et nous font entrer dans un monde liquide qui défie nos institutions démocratiques.
La chevelure féminine et la religion (au Tibet) : entre renoncement et pouvoir
Authors: Schneider Nicola
Published: November 2018

Cet article s’intéresse au versant féminin de la chevelure religieuse au Tibet que l’on peut distinguer en deux catégories : d’une part, celle des nonnes bouddhistes au crâne rasé et, de l’autre, celle des khandroma [mka’ ’gro ma] ou « saintes » revêtant des cheveux bien souvent longs et opulents. Tandis que les nonnes se séparent de leur chevelure lors d’une cérémonie plus ou moins formelle en signe de détachement du monde, les cheveux des khandroma recèlent une partie de leur pouvoir magique. Ces derniers peuvent alors fonctionner comme une sorte de substitut de la femme dans des rites magiques ou comme une relique procurant bénédictions et protections à celui qui les détient.
L’encyclopédisme satirique : rire des savoirs, mesurer les limites du savoir (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Correard Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Tentation récurrente dans l’histoire culturelle, l’encyclopédisme ironique connaît ses heures de gloire au XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Nous proposons l’étude de quatre textes inclassables d’Eugenio Raimondi, de Thomas Baker, de Johann Burckhardt Mencke et de Jean-Baptiste Boyer d’Argens, couvrant une aire européenne et une époque d’un siècle, qui fait apparaître l’existence d’un genre contre-encyclopédique consistant à rassembler les savoirs les plus divers pour les critiquer, et se moquer des savants de toutes disciplines. Défiant la séparation entre philosophie, littérature et sciences, ces ouvrages abolissent aussi de manière surprenante la frontière entre l’entreprise encyclopédique et l’art de la satire.
D’inquiétants collectionnismes : une méconnaissance du monde ? (Oates, Ogawa, Pamuk)
Authors: Weldon James
Published: November 2018

Afin d’analyser la portée encyclopédique des collections et des musées, cette étude compare trois textes narratifs du XXe siècle : Le Musée du silence de Yoko Ogawa, « Le musée du Dr Moses » de Joyce Carol Oates, et Le musée de l’Innocence d’Orhan Pamuk. Il s’agit d’interroger les tensions entre les savoirs incarnés par les collections et les contextes dans lesquels elles s’inscrivent, afin de mesurer leur degré de marginalité.
Mercè Rodoreda y M. Aurèlia Capmany: fugitivas entre el deseo y la muerte
Authors: Servera Irene Zurrón
Published: November 2018

En este artículo vamos a comparar las novelas catalanas El carrer de les Camèlies (La calle de las Camelias, 1966) de Mercè Rodoreda y Feliçment, jo sóc una dona (Felizmente, yo soy una mujer, 1969) de M. Aurèlia Capmany, que desarrollan un argumento similar, tomando como protagonista a una mujer que se encuentra en las antípodas del modelo de feminidad que difundía el régimen franquista. Cecilia y Carola son dos personajes en continua huida. Se mueven por una Barcelona hostil, en la que pasan de un ambiente a otro y fracasan cada vez que empiezan de nuevo. Salen a la calle a prostituirse para conseguir una estabilidad económica y, en este espacio de libertad aparente, los hombres las controlan y someten. En este artículo demostramos que el deseo motiva todas las huidas y las decisiones vitales de estos dos personajes, un deseo que siempre se proyecta hacia lo desconocido: el amor, la identidad y la libertad, y que suele llevarlas a la frustración, por lo que el objeto de deseo pasa a ser la muerte. Tras intentar suicidarse, parece que la proximidad con la muerte las motiva a tomar el control de sus vidas, a ocupar la posición de sujeto: vuelven al origen de su historia por medio de la memoria y del relato, para dar sentido a su viaje y forjar su identidad.
Voz y cuerpo en la poesía de Adi Keissar y Sigalit Banai
Authors: Consoli Erica
Published: November 2018

Adi Keissar (1980) es autora de tres libros poéticos, pero es conocida sobre todo por ser la fundadora de ‘Ars Poetica, unas veladas poéticas en las que jóvenes poetas judíos de origen árabe (mizrahíes) recitan sus composiciones. De esta manera, Keissar da voz también a sus versos, que, con un estilo cercano a la oralidad, contribuyen a la difusión de la poesía mizrahí y de sus reivindicaciones identitarias.Otra artista, Sigalit Banai (1968), que también se reconoce en la cultura mizrahí, es autora de dos obras poéticas que recita en diversos escenarios. Como escritora y como actriz, Banai no solo da voz a sus versos, sino que les da también cuerpo: su mismo cuerpo se vuelve un instrumento de representación poética.Con este artículo se pretende ofrecer una visión de cómo las dos autoras expresan sus propias identidades, como judías y árabes (mizrahíes), centrándonos sobre todo en el papel que juegan la voz (la oralidad) y el cuerpo en sus trayectorias poéticas.
Data Management and Big Data Analytics
Authors: Jayagopal Vellingiri , Basser K. K.
Published: November 2018

The internet is creating 2.5 quintillion bytes of data, and according to the statistics, the percentage of data that has been generated from last two years is 90%. This data comes from many industries like climate information, social media sites, digital images and videos, and purchase transactions. This data is big data. Big data is the data that exceeds storage and processing capacity of conventional database systems. Data in today's world (big data) is usually unstructured and qualitative in nature and can be used for various applications like sentiment analysis, increasing business, etc. About 80% of data captured today is unstructured. All this data is also big data.
Trans-Arctic Interactions and Cross-Country Collaboration
Authors: Vassileva Bistra
Published: November 2018

The Arctic gains an increasing geopolitical importance in the globalized world. The region provides a lot of opportunities especially due to the global warming and intensive development of digital technology but at the same time, it poses extreme challenges. The chapter starts with a literature review on interactions, relationships, networks and their implications on trans-Arctic collaborations. The first section begins by exploring how each Arctic state deals with the opportunities and challenges of the region. The second section describes the evolution of trans-Arctic relations. In the third section, market connections between the Arctic states, the importance of establishing a predictable regulatory framework, knowledge and data exchange, broadband penetration, and use of traditional indigenous knowledge to stimulate sustainable long-term trans-Arctic interactions are analyzed. The chapter ends with conclusions and recommendations aimed at the future development of trans-Arctic interactions with a focus on global intervention policies and strategies in the region.
Arctic Europe Between National Interests and Arctic Governance
Authors: Kochev Igor , Heijman Wim
Published: November 2018

From an economic point of view, melting ice is making the Arctic ocean increasingly important for a number of countries – Arctic states as well as non-Arctic states. Also, the EU has clear interests in the area. This chapter provides a brief description of those interests and its implications on the EU's relationship with the Arctic partners. This note takes seven aspects of the EU-relations with the Arctic states into consideration (i.e., the institutional framework, the EU Arctic interests and policies, shipping, fishing, marine mammals, offshore oil and gas operations, and the EU's Arctic partners).
Sustainable Development of the Arctic
Authors: Lapochkina Liudmila , Vetrova Elena
Published: November 2018

Circumpolar territories and the regions related to the Arctic are those rich with natural resources. They have a high potential for the development of mining and extractive industries. The abundance with resources makes the North increasingly attractive for investments. However, circumpolar territories are characterized by peculiar socio-economic, natural, and climatic conditions which taken together frequently pose a negative impact on people and hinder the exploration opportunities of the Arctic resources. In global, regional, and sub-regional levels, the development of the Arctic is heavily regulated by multilateral international treaties. However, the issues of monitoring and assessment of the sustainable development of the Arctic remain open, which stems from the absence of agreed criteria and indicators for assessing sustainability in the context of national, regional, and scientific approaches. It necessitates the development of a specific methodological approach to the establishment of a system to monitor and assess the sustainable development of the Arctic.
International Legal Aspects of Environmental Management in the Arctic
Authors: Pasko Olga , Staurskaya Natalia , Safronova Anna
Published: November 2018

The chapter is about contemporary ecological problems of the Arctic with regard to the relevant regulations, as well as their practical implementation. The chapter outlines the range of problems related to the coordination of international cooperation and concerted actions of stakeholder states for sustainable development in the region. The goals of international treaties on environmental protection have been classified. There is a review of key tendencies of legal regulation improvement for safeguarding Arctic ecosystems and the designation of protected areas. The natural resources and theoretical issues of their use have been thoroughly described and illustrated with examples obtained internationally. There are conclusions on the state of the art in the field of international rules and regulations for the sustainable development of the Arctic, in particular by sound environmental management, improvement of infrastructure and industrial facilities, preservation of the authentic culture of the northern indigenous communities, and improvement of the quality of their life.
Forecasting of Food Security and Sustainable Development of Rural Territories in Russia's North
Authors: Ryumkin Sergey , Malykhina Inga
Published: November 2018

National security is always directed at ensuring the country's sovereignty, protection of national interests, as well as the provision of sustainable economic development. Food security is a specific dimension of national security. The development of the circumpolar territories in the northern areas of the Asian part of Russia shifts the emphasis of food supply and gives new impetus to the development of agricultural production. In this chapter, the authors argue that the self-sufficiency of northern territories in the Asian part of Russia may be achieved by 2030 by means of development of vegetable production.