bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Science diplomacy and the 5th International Polar Year (IPY-5): planetary considerations across centuries
Authors: Berkman Paul Arthur
Published: January 2025

The 5th International Polar Year (IPY-5) in 2032–2033 represents an important next step in the legacy of the oldest continuous climate research program created by humanity, which intentionally began during a Solar Maximum with IPY-1 in 1882–1883, following the Little Ice Age. Current IPY-5 planning by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) and Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is “From IPY-4 to IPY-5” with scope since 2007–2008, considering relevant large-scale polar process, international activities and UN decades. Additionally, there are essential features to incorporate into IPY-5 planning with Indigenous knowledge as well as next-generation leadership along with international science connections across the United Nations, involving core integration of data system and Earth–Sun system research, which accelerated with the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957–1958 that was renamed from IPY-3. As memorialized in the 1959 Antarctic Treaty: “the International Geophysical Year accords with the interests of science and the progress of all mankind.” Importantly, at the height of the Cold War with “forever” legacy, the 1959 Antarctic Treaty became the first nuclear arms agreement, applying science diplomacy among allies and adversaries alike based on “matters of common interest.” Recognizing current challenges to enable inclusive dialogues – especially in the Arctic – planning for IPY-5 is far enough into the future to be imaginative and hopeful but close enough to be practical, especially to produce synergistic outcomes that inspire and empower next-generation leaders across the International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development from 2024 to 2033. Planning “From IPY-3 to IPY-5” – this invited Cambridge Prisms Perspective extends and amplifies the IASC-SCAR concept with its visionary principles – “striving for holistic, systemic, transdisciplinary research approaches” – for the benefit of all on Earth across generations.
Mobilizing the Rights of Homeless EU Citizens in the Netherlands
Authors: Kramer Dion
Published: January 2025

This Article explores, from a participatory perspective of an engaged legal scholar, the case of homeless EU citizens in the Netherlands and the mobilization of their rights. By marking them as so-called niet-rechthebbenden (“non-rightholders”), Dutch municipalities have systematically denied homeless EU citizens access to overnight shelters and general homelessness services on equal footing as Dutch citizens. This legal and practical deadlock—a classic case of non-compliance through “law in action”—has most probably led to a denial of rights to EU citizens entitled to shelter as permanent residents, (former) workers, or otherwise legally residing EU citizens. The contribution explores the context and motivations that led a broad coalition of actors—ranging from homelessness organizations, advocacy groups, a public interest litigation organization and legal experts—to join efforts and consider strategic litigation a credible avenue to protect the interests of the most vulnerable under EU law within a national and local context. The case demonstrates, however, how strategic litigation is not considered the most effective or preferred strategy when other avenues for legal mobilization open up.
Can Strategic Litigation Backfire? Challenging the Crackdown on Migration NGOs in Greece Through EU Law
Authors: Kriona Saranti Elli
Published: January 2025

In 2020, amid aggressive and inflammatory political discourse and an unprecedented wave of violent attacks against migration Non-Governmental Organizations and their staff, the Greek Government sought to establish a new legal framework for the registration of Non-Governmental Organizations active in the fields of international protection, migration and social inclusion, and their members. This Article aims at providing an overview of the EU-law based litigation brought by Greek Civil Society organizations to challenge the new framework for breaching fundamental rights, and at exploring its effects beyond the Court proceedings. This Article concludes that, counterintuitively, the existence of pending litigation against the Regulation establishing the NGO Registries hampered advocacy on this issue with the European Commission.
A Challenge to Systematic and Undifferentiated Data Collection Through Strategic Litigation: The Passenger Name Record Case (Ligue des Droits Humains) Before the Court of Justice of the EU
Authors: Forget Catherine
Published: January 2025

At a time when the European Union and its Member States are constantly adopting measures to combat serious crime and terrorism, particularly through the prism of data protection rules, the CJEU is acting as a bulwark by imposing compliance with strict conditions, thereby encroaching on national rules of criminal procedure, which are initially the responsibility of the Member States. In this contribution, we will examine how and on what basis the Ligue des Droits Humains was able to get the CJEU to rule on the Passenger Name Records Directive, and to what extent this action was indeed “strategic.”
Climate Legal Mobilization Under the New Aarhus Regulation
Authors: Pagano Mario
Published: January 2025

The present contribution seeks to provide an empirical overview of how the amended internal review mechanism established under the EU Aarhus Regulation is currently being deployed by civil society organizations to mobilize EU climate change law. This Article argues that the 2021 reform of the Aarhus Regulation has broadened the legal opportunity structure available to environmental organizations, which can now challenge a much broader set of EU administrative acts. However, this contribution holds that the internal review mechanism is being used strategically by environmental NGOs with the intention to contest - even before the EU judiciary - not only EU administrative acts, but also broader policy arrangements, representing the legal infrastructure of the EU ecological transition. In this regard, the Aarhus internal review mechanism can now be considered a real scientific dispute settlement forum, where NGOs and EU institutions can confront each other and disagree on the way scientific evidence is taken into account in the EU policymaking. Finally, the new specific features of the internal review mechanism are truly empowering only those organizations owning the necessary legal and technical expertise, allowing such NGOs to act as credible scientific interlocutors of the EU institutions on behalf of the wider public.
Hidden in Plain Sight? Corporate Strategic Litigation in the EU Emissions Trading System
Authors: Fleerackers Sofie
Published: January 2025

This Article examines how private economic actors mobilize EU law to pursue broader legal, political, economic, or societal ends. It studies the strategic nature of corporate litigation before the Court of Justice of the EU in the context of the EU Emissions Trading System, a prime illustration of neglected strategic climate litigation. Corporate cases against the ETS have so far fallen under the radar of scholarship focused on EU strategic climate litigation. Such underrepresentation is linked to a double bias in scholarship, favoring high-profile climate cases that advance public interest causes and progressive agendas. Applying a normatively open definition of strategic litigation and actor-centered methodological approach, the Article brings to light features of corporate strategic litigation in EU law which otherwise go unseen. It offers empirical observations into boundary-testing behavior by private economic actors and the notion of a private generalizable interest, untangling strategic climate litigation by private economic actors as overlooked proponents in Court. The Article finally distinguishes a selection of legal strategies through which corporate actors mobilize EU law, such as instances of coordinated litigation; futile and seemingly routine challenges initiated before the Court to test judicial waters; and the use of litigation as a political advocacy tool.
Representation of Aphrodite and Eros on Sasanian Clay Bullae: Evidence from the Fire Temple of Ādur Gušnasp at Takht-e Solaymān
Authors: Moradi Yousef , Hintze Almut
Published: January 2025

This article examines five Sasanian bullae from the fire temple of Ādur Gušnasp with seal impressions depicting Aphrodite and Eros, and Aphrodite Anadyomene. It is argued that the original seal with Aphrodite and Eros likely dates from the late 1st century BCE to the early 1st century CE, reused between the 5th–7th centuries CE, while the Aphrodite Anadyomene seal is from the 2nd or 3rd century CE. Contextualizing these findings within Graeco-Roman and Iranian cultures, this article explores reinterpretations of Graeco-Roman iconography for both Zoroastrian and non-Zoroastrian audiences, as well as highlights that bullae with concave impressions of cylindrically curved objects on the reverse had once been attached to vessels, not just documents. Additionally, this article also discusses other sealings on the new bullae, some with Middle Persian inscriptions, identifying a mgw (priest) and an astrologer, providing the first attestation of the word axtar (constellation) on a Sasanian seal.
NEUE ALTBABYLONISCHE TEXTE AUS ŠADUPPÛM (TALL ḤARMAL)
Authors: Hussein Laith Majeed
Published: January 2025

This article provides an edition of a group of unpublished cuneiform tablets from the Old Babylonian period (c. 2003–1595 BCE) excavated at the archaeological site of Tall Ḥarmal, ancient Šaduppûm. The texts consist of economic accounts as well as one round school tablet. The former in particular highlight some aspects of agriculture and land use when the city was under the control of king Ibāl-pî-El II (1779–1765 BCE) of Ešnunna. Thanks to the systematic excavations, most of the Šaduppûm texts are stored in the Iraq Museum and can fortunately be associated with their archaeological context, which makes it easier to reconstruct their archival relationships.
The Noble Rank (Lie hou) and the Changing Definitions of Merit (Gong) during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE)
Authors: Li Yunxin
Published: January 2025

The founding emperor of the Han envisioned the noble rank (lie hou) as a system rewarding “merit” (gong) that mainly referred to military achievements. However, the criteria for granting the noble rank changed considerably throughout the Han. This is reflected by the various categories of nobles in the Han shu tables: meritorious ministers (gongchen hou), the kings’ sons (wangzi hou), and the imperial affines and favorites (waiqi enze hou), as well as the new category of eunuch nobles (huanzhe hou) in the Eastern Han. This article argues that the Han shu tables should be read as one of the multiple narratives about the noble rank and merit during the Han rather than an objective statistical summary. Whereas the Han shu tables emphasize Gaozu’s original definition of merit, the imperial edicts granting the noble rank kept reinterpreting merit to serve the court’s contemporary needs. Recently excavated Han manuscripts provide a third way of viewing merit based on the length of service.
Topology of shallow-water waves on a rotating sphere
Authors: Perez Nicolas , Leclerc Armand , Laibe Guillaume , Delplace Pierre
Published: January 2025

Topological properties of the spectrum of shallow-water waves on a rotating spherical body are established. Particular attention is paid to spectral flow, i.e. the modes whose frequencies transit between the Rossby and inertia–gravity wavebands as the zonal wavenumber is varied. Organising the modes according to the number of zeros of their meridional velocity, we conclude that the net number of modes transiting between the shallow-water wavebands on the sphere is null, in contrast to the Matsuno spectrum. This difference can be explained by a miscount of zeros under the

$\beta$

-plane approximation. We corroborate this result with the analysis of Delplace et al. (Science, vol. 358, 2017, pp. 1075–1077) by showing that the curved metric discloses a pair of degeneracy points in the Weyl symbol of the wave operator, non-existent under the

$\beta$

-plane approximation, each of them bearing a Chern number of

$-1$

.
Reorienting Territorial Rights: The Case for Grounded Normative Theory
Authors: Jourdeuil Kaitie
Published: January 2025

This article defends grounded normative theory (GNT) as a more appropriate methodology to tackle questions of territorial justice in settler states over the dominant approach in territorial rights theory. I contrast the central aims and methodological commitments of territory theories and GNT: the former are engaged in an ideal, conceptual project primarily directed at other liberals, while the latter is oriented towards addressing injustices through deep engagement with the narratives and power relations that normalize them. I then outline three limitations of the territorial rehabilitation project undertaken by territory theorists that result from their failure to engage the robust critical and empirical literatures on settler colonialism. Finally, I sketch how GNT can reorient the territorial rehabilitation project towards decolonization.
Enfranchisement, Political Participation, and Political Competition: Evidence from Colonial and Independent India
Authors: Cassan Guilhem , Iyer Lakshmi , Mirza Rinchan Ali
Published: January 2025

We examine how political participation and political competition are shaped by two class-based extensions of the franchise in twentieth-century India. Creating a new dataset of district-level political outcomes between 1920 and 1957, we find that both the partial franchise extension of 1935 and the universal suffrage reform of 1950 led to limited increases in citizen participation as voters or candidates, and neither reform had a significant effect on increasing political competition. Despite the limited effects on political outcomes, districts with greater enfranchisement increases experienced higher education provision by provincial governments.
Inflation-driven Economy Policy in the Light of the Exchange Rate and the Interest Rate on RGDP in Turkey
Authors: Akalpler Ergin
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the reflections on the trio of exchange rate, nominal interest rate and inflation, on Turkey’s Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). In the analysis using annual time series data covering the years 1985–2020 obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute, the Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distribution Lag (NARDL) models are used with restricted variables. The existence of cointegration also encourages the application of the Vector Error Correction (VECM) model to examine the causal relationships between these variables. Nonlinear ARDL test results and other tests reveal some long-term effects. Research results show that inflation-based growth does not occur in the short term and negatively affects growth in the long term. Due to Turkey’s significant current account deficit and heavy reliance on imported energy and inputs, currency devaluation is ineffective in boosting exports, highlighting the challenges of promoting export growth under these economic conditions. Moreover, it turns out that policies that reduce interest rates, as well as the depreciation of the Turkish lira against the exchange rate due to inflation, harm the economy in general. These effects serve as a crucial wake-up call for proponents of the export-led growth model.
Differential impact from individual versus collective misinformation tagging on the diversity of Twitter (X) information engagement and mobility
Authors: Kim Junsol , Wang Zhao , Shi Haohan , Ling Hsin-Keng , Evans James
Published: January 2025

Fears about the destabilizing impact of misinformation online have motivated individuals and platforms to respond. Individuals have increasingly challenged others’ online claims with fact-checks in pursuit of a healthier information ecosystem and to break down echo chambers of self-reinforcing opinion. Using Twitter (now X) data, here we show the consequences of individual misinformation tagging: tagged posters had explored novel political information and expanded topical interests immediately prior, but being tagged caused posters to retreat into information bubbles. These unintended consequences were softened by a collective verification system for misinformation moderation. In Twitter’s new feature, Community Notes, misinformation tagging was peer-reviewed by other fact-checkers before revelation to the poster. With collective misinformation tagging, posters were less likely to retreat from diverse information engagement. Detailed comparison demonstrated differences in toxicity, sentiment, readability, and delay in individual versus collective misinformation tagging messages. These findings provide evidence for differential impacts from individual versus collective moderation strategies on the diversity of information engagement and mobility across the information ecosystem.
Broad substrate scope C-C oxidation in cyclodipeptides catalysed by a flavin-dependent filament
Authors: Sutherland Emmajay , Harding Christopher J. , du Monceau de Bergendal Tancrède , Florence Gordon J. , Ackermann Katrin , Bode Bela E. , Synowsky Silvia , Sundaramoorthy Ramasubramanian , Czekster Clarissa Melo
Published: January 2025

Cyclic dipeptides are produced by organisms across all domains of life, with many exhibiting anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Oxidations are often key to their biological activities, particularly C-C bond oxidation catalysed by tailoring enzymes including cyclodipeptide oxidases. These flavin-dependent enzymes are underexplored due to their intricate three-dimensional arrangement involving multiple copies of two distinct small subunits, and mechanistic details underlying substrate selection and catalysis are lacking. Here, we determined the structure and mechanism of the cyclodipeptide oxidase from the halophile Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (NdasCDO), a component of the biosynthetic pathway for nocazine natural products. We demonstrated that NdasCDO forms filaments in solution, with a covalently bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor at the interface between three distinct subunits. The enzyme exhibits promiscuity, processing various cyclic dipeptides as substrates in a distributive manner. The reaction is optimal at high pH and involves the formation of a radical intermediate. Pre-steady-state kinetics, a significant solvent kinetic isotope effect, and the absence of viscosity effects suggested that a step linked to FMN regeneration controlled the reaction rate. Our work elucidates the complex mechanistic and structural characteristics of this dehydrogenation reaction, positioning NdasCDO as a promising biocatalyst and expanding the FMN-dependent oxidase family to include enzyme filaments.
Revealing catalyst restructuring and composition during nitrate electroreduction through correlated operando microscopy and spectroscopy
Authors: Yoon Aram , Bai Lichen , Yang Fengli , Franco Federico , Zhan Chao , Rüscher Martina , Timoshenko Janis , Pratsch Christoph , Werner Stephan , Jeon Hyo Sang , Monteiro Mariana Cecilio de Oliveira , Chee See Wee , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz
Published: January 2025

Electrocatalysts alter their structure and composition during reaction, which can in turn create new active/selective phases. Identifying these changes is crucial for determining how morphology controls catalytic properties but the mechanisms by which operating conditions shape the catalyst’s working state are not yet fully understood. In this study, we show using correlated operando microscopy and spectroscopy that as well-defined Cu2O cubes evolve under electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction conditions, distinct catalyst motifs are formed depending on the applied potential and the chemical environment. By further matching the timescales of morphological changes observed via electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy with time-resolved chemical state information obtained from operando transmission soft X-ray microscopy, hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, we reveal that Cu2O can be kinetically stabilized alongside metallic copper for extended durations under moderately reductive conditions due to surface hydroxide formation. Finally, we rationalize how the interaction between the electrolyte and the catalyst influences the ammonia selectivity.
Differential GTP-dependent in-vitro polymerization of recombinant Physcomitrella FtsZ proteins
Authors: Milferstaedt Stella W. L. , Joest Marie , Bohlender Lennard L. , Hoernstein Sebastian N. W. , Özdemir Buğra , Decker Eva L. , van der Does Chris , Reski Ralf
Published: January 2025

Bacterial cell division and plant chloroplast division require selfassembling Filamentous temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) proteins. FtsZ proteins are GTPases sharing structural and biochemical similarities with eukaryotic tubulin. In the moss Physcomitrella, the morphology of the FtsZ polymer networks varies between the different FtsZ isoforms. The underlying mechanism and foundation of the distinct networks is unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of Physcomitrella FtsZ2-1 with FtsZ1 isoforms via co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, and found protein-protein interaction in vivo. We tagged FtsZ1-2 and FtsZ2-1 with different fluorophores and expressed both in E. coli, which led to the formation of defined structures within the cells and to an influence on bacterial cell division and morphology. Furthermore, we have optimized the purification protocols for FtsZ1-2 and FtsZ2-1 expressed in E. coli and characterized their GTPase activity and polymerization in vitro. Both FtsZ isoforms showed GTPase activity. Stoichiometric mixing of both proteins led to a significantly increased GTPase activity, indicating a synergistic interaction between them. In light scattering assays, we observed GTP-dependent assembly of FtsZ1-2 and of FtsZ2-1 in a protein concentration dependent manner. Stoichiometric mixing of both proteins resulted in significantly faster polymerization, again indicating a synergistic interaction between them. Under the same conditions used for GTPase and light scattering assays both FtsZ isoforms formed filaments in a GTP-dependent manner as visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Taken together, our results reveal that Physcomitrella FtsZ1-2 and FtsZ2-1 are functionally different, can synergistically interact in vivo and in vitro, and differ in their properties from FtsZ proteins from bacteria, archaea and vascular plants.
Optimization of dried garlic physicochemical properties using a self-organizing map and the development of an artificial intelligence prediction model
Authors: El-Mesery Hany S. , Qenawy Mohamed , Ali Mona , Rostom Merit , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Salem Ali , Elwakeel Abdallah Elshawadfy
Published: January 2025

The experiments were conducted at different levels of infrared power, airflow, and temperature. The relationships between the input process factors and response factors’ physicochemical properties of dried garlic were optimized by a self-organizing map (SOM), and the model was developed using machine learning. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with 99% predicting accuracy and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) with 97% clustering accuracy were used to determine the quality characteristics of garlic. Specifically, five key areas were identified, and valuable insights were offered for optimizing garlic production and improving its overall quality. The (aw) values for the sample ranged from 0.43 to 0.48. The maximum vitamin C content was 0.112 mg/g, followed by an air temperature of 40 °C and 0.7 m/s air velocity under 1500 W/m². The total color change values increased with IR and higher air temperature but declined with higher air velocity. Also, the garlic’s flavor strength, allicin content, water activity, and vitamin C levels decreased as the IR and air temperature increased. The results demonstrated a significant impact of the independent parameters on the response parameters (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the machine learning predictions closely matched the test data sets, providing valuable insights for understanding and controlling the factors affecting garlic drying performances.
Dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in metastatic basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Patel Sandip P. , Cano-Linson Eleanor , Chae Young Kwang , Schokrpur Shiruyeh , Lao Christopher D. , Powers Benjamin C. , Victor Adrienne I. , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Shin Sarah , Takebe Naoko , Threlkel Sara , McLeod Christine M. , Chen Helen X. , Sharon Elad , Othus Megan , Ryan Christopher W. , Blanke Charles D. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: January 2025

We report the basal cell cancer (BCC) cohort of the SWOG/NCI 1609 Dual Anti-CTLA-4 & Anti-PD-1 blockade in Rare Tumors (DART), a phase II prospective, multicenter basket trial of nivolumab and ipilimumab. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) (RECIST v1.1). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity were secondary endpoints. Sixteen patients with advanced/metastatic BCC were evaluable. The ORR was 31% (95% CI, 19–50%), and the 12-month OS, 75% (95% CI, 57–100%). Median PFS was 9.3 months (95% CI, 3.3–NA). Of 15 patients evaluable for clinical benefit, five partial responses (PRs) and five stable disease >6 months (total = 10/15 (66.7%)) were seen. The most common toxicities included fatigue (37.5%), pruritis (31.3%), and diarrhea (25%). In patients with advanced/metastatic BCC, ipilimumab and nivolumab produced an ORR of 31% and prolonged (>6 months) PFS in 73% of patients, with seven PFS/iPFS of >1 year, including one with prior anti-PD-1. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02834013 (Registered 7/15/2016; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02834013).
Pluvial flood impacts and policyholder responses throughout the United States
Authors: Nelson-Mercer Benjamin , Kim Taeho , Tran Vinh Ngoc , Ivanov Valeriy
Published: January 2025

Pluvial floods pose a significant threat to properties, yet comprehensive impact analysis is hindered by data limitations on pluvial inundation. To assess pluvial flood impacts, we leveraged U.S. flood insurance claims and policy records for a subset of properties outside 100-year floodplains, streamflow records, and nationwide precipitation data, enabling us to distinguish damage claims caused by pluvial floods over 1978–2021. Strikingly, 87.1% of the claims analyzed from this subset were due to pluvial floods. Utilizing these pluvial flood claims unveiled distinct regional patterns of pluvial impacts across the contiguous U.S. These patterns are informed by the relationship between claim frequency and precipitation within each region. Remarkably, despite the pervasiveness of impacts, many states are seeing declining uptake in pluvial flood insurance coverage. Our study highlights regions facing heightened pluvial flood risks and underscores the critical need for enhanced consideration of pluvial inundation within risk management frameworks.
Fabrication of water-dispersible dye/polymer matrix-stabilized β-FeOOH (Rh-B/F127@β-FeOOH) nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and therapeutic applications
Authors: Chidambaram Neela Mohan , Rajkumar Palanisamy , Prakash P. Arul , Rathika G. M. , Prabhu K. , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Hossain M. Khalid , Ayyar Manikandan , Gnanasekaran Lalitha , Kim Jinho
Published: January 2025

In this study, dye/polymer matrix-stabilized β-FeOOH nanomaterials were fabricated for therapeutic applications.
Optimisation of azide–alkyne click reactions of polyacrylates using online monitoring and flow chemistry
Authors: Coursari Despina , Efstathiou Spyridon , Al-Shok Lucas , Hall Mia D. , Eissa Ahmed M. , Liarou Evelina , Haddleton David M.
Published: January 2025

Herein, the online and inline 1H-NMR monitoring of azide–alkyne click reactions of polymers is investigated.
Construction of a Bi-doped g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 ternary nanocomposite for the effective photodegradation of ofloxacin under visible light irradiation
Authors: Rohilla Priti , Pal Bonamali , Das Raj Kumar
Published: January 2025

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin by Bi-doped g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 ternary composite under visible light.
Temperature dependence of phase diagrams and dynamics in nanocrystal assembly by solvent evaporation
Authors: Upah Alex , Missoni Leandro , Tagliazucchi Mario , Travesset Alex
Published: January 2025

We provide a systematic study of the phase diagram and dynamics for single component nanocrystals (NCs) by a combination of self-consistent mean-field molecular theory (MOLT-CF) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Unjamming of particle–laden interfaces: effects of geometry and history
Authors: Planchette Carole , Plohl Gregor
Published: January 2025

Compressed particle rafts are left to flow through a finite orifice placed opposite to the compressive barrier. Top view pictures evidence the influence of the opening width and raft history on raft unjamming (red) and particle release (blue).
Hg2(SeO3)(TeO3): a novel tellurite–selenite birefringent crystal achieved by assembling multiple functional groups
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Hu Chun-Li , Mao Jiang-Gao , Kong Fang
Published: January 2025

Hg2(SeO3)(TeO3), a new tellurite–selenite birefringent crystal, showcases a broad transparency range, large birefringence, and high thermal stability, positioning it as a promising birefringent material.
Life Impact of Cluttering: The Adult Perspective
Authors: Giuffre Lisa A. , Scaler Scott Kathleen
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Though the research on the quality of life of people who stutter is extensive, there is minimal research on cluttering's life impact. Anecdotal reports from people who clutter

1

and their significant others have described some elements of cluttering's impact and advocated for these components to be addressed in treatment. Three formal studies have used semistructured interviews to document cluttering's impact. These non–peer-reviewed studies make important contributions; however, more research is needed to add to this existing information. The current study adds perspectives of adults who clutter related to cluttering's impact upon the specific contexts of work, school, and social situations.

Method:

In this phenomenological study, 10 adults who clutter participated in a semistructured interview. Through grand tour, mini tour, and example questions, participants were asked to provide their perspective on the life impact of cluttering. Each interview was orthographically transcribed, and transcripts were coded for themes. Triangulation and member checking were conducted to establish reliability and validity of themes.

Results:

Results revealed the following themes: Social impact of cluttering leads to avoidance, misunderstanding, and feelings of isolation; cluttering impacts natural tendencies; educational impact of cluttering results in misunderstanding and struggle; occupational impact of cluttering leads to role entrapment and difficulty maintaining employment.

Conclusions:

This study adds perspectives of adults who clutter regarding specific aspects of quality of life such as social isolation, frequent misunderstandings, and negative educational and occupational impact. As more voices are heard within the cluttering community, more support is presented for the importance of understanding the negative life impact cluttering can have. Further understanding of these perspectives adds to the information needed to inform holistic cluttering assessment and treatment.
Impact of Side Friction Parameters to Road Performance, A Study of Road Side Activities to Jend. A Yani Road, Purbalingga
Authors: Hardini Probo , Indriyati Eva Wahyu , Termida Nursitihazlin Ahmad , Janudardono Wibowo
Published: January 2025

Traffic flow on city roads is greatly affected by side friction elements, like parking on the street, pedestrian crossings, and non-motorized vehicles (NMVs), mainly in areas with mixed traffic. This study looks at these effects on Jenderal A. Yani Road in Purbalingga, Indonesia, which is an important industrial route that links key manufacturing sites and sees a lot of vehicle and foot traffic. The goals of the research are to (1) find the side friction factor that most impact vehicle space mean speed (SMS), (2) use multivariate regression to understand the link between side friction and SMS, and (3) determine which traditional traffic flow model—Underwood, Greenshield, or Greenberg—best fits the observed flow patterns in mixed-traffic situations. Early results indicate that stopped vehicles are the biggest friction element that lowers SMS, while pedestrian crossings and NMVs also lead to delays during busy times. The Underwood model, which shows how speed decreases exponentially with increasing density, is the most accurate for depicting traffic dynamics on Jenderal A. Yani Road, with a critical density of 9.75 vehicles per km suggesting the start of congestion. These findings are useful for creating plans that improve traffic flow in urban-industrial areas. By addressing side friction and using the right traffic models, the research aids in developing data-informed approaches to enhancing the Level of Service (LOS) on roads with high friction, especially in developing nations facing similar traffic challenges. This work helps in managing urban traffic by laying the groundwork for planning that accommodates mixed traffic and lessens congestion.
The crime drop in South Africa: an exploratory research note
Authors: Breetzke Gregory D. , Girmay Luna Asefaw
Published: January 2025

Research examining the crime drop has become increasingly popular with a plethora of studies showing how crime has declined since the 1990s. The vast majority of this research has, however, emanated from the United States and other ‘Western’ countries. In this study, we undertook a national-level analysis of crime trends in South Africa from 2010 to 2019 using official police data. Results showed that crime did drop marginally in the country over the study period although there is substantial variability in crime decline by crime type and geography. Moreover, various socio-demographic characteristics, such as income inequality, were found to possibly influence the temporal trends of crime in the country observed. These findings underscore the importance of context-specific analyses in understanding decadal crime trends and highlight the need for targeted, geographically nuanced approaches to crime prevention in South Africa.
Enhanced blue emission and afterglow properties of Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors for flexible transparent labels
Authors: Durga Prasad K. A. K. , Rakshita M. , Sharma Aachal A. , Pradhan Payal P. , Uday Kumar K. , Rakesh Kumar R. , Haranath D.
Published: January 2025

Long afterglow is a fascinating luminescence phenomenon exhibited by certain storage phosphors that emit visible light after being stimulated by ultraviolet rays. Strontium magnesium silicate phosphors doped with europium and dysprosium (Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+) have garnered attention in recent years. Enhancing the afterglow performance of these phosphors remains a significant challenge. In this study, we investigate the enhancement of afterglow performance in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors prepared via a sol–gel auto-combustion method using commercial silica (CS) and lab-made nanosilica (NS). Our results reveal that the afterglow performance of the NS-based phosphor is significantly improved, glowing with optimal intensity for a prolonged period compared to the CS-based phosphor. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies show that the average lifetime of the NS-based phosphor is enhanced tenfold compared to the CS-based phosphor, attributed to the improved crystallinity of the NS-based phosphor. Photoluminescence studies indicate that both phosphors exhibit comparable performance. Thermoluminescence studies suggest that the presence of multiple trap levels with varying trap depths in the NS-based phosphor allows it to exhibit extended afterglow emission than the CS-based phosphor. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the phosphors were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV–vis techniques. The underlying mechanism of the afterglow is explained in detail. The prepared phosphor was used to create flexible and transparent labels with silicone rubber, which can serve as indicators during dark hours.
Turbulence structure in a boundary layer wind tunnel
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Liu Hui , Li Mingshui , Mann Jakob , Li Shaopeng
Published: January 2025

Turbulence spectral analysis is a critical aspect of wind tunnel experiments. In this study, a modification of the Mann uniform shear model (M94), based on the Rapid Distortion theory, is proposed to adapt M94 for wind tunnel conditions and model the complete second-order turbulence structure. First, the one-point spectra measured at heights ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 m are analyzed. The total absolute error χ2 for the modified M94 (M94-2) prediction is 0.998, compared to 1.6357 and 1.183 for M94 and the von Kármán spectral model, respectively; the results demonstrate the validity of the modification. Second, the spatial coherence is analyzed, with the spatial separations Δy and Δz ranging from 3.5 to 50 cm, M94-2 provides better predictions compared to the Krenk exponential coherence model. Notably, M94-2 is able to predict the turnaround of coherence at low wavenumber. Third, the phase angle of the cross-spectrum for two vertically separated points is predicted by M94-2, M94-2 tends to overestimate the measurement due to noise contamination. In conclusion, the anisotropic spectrum of boundary layer wind tunnel turbulence can be modeled by M94-2 effectively with three parameters: αε2/3, L, and Γ, and the entire work is conducted within a unified theoretical framework.
Vortex-induced vibration and energy harvesting in tandem three cylinders with different spacing ratios
Authors: Liu Dexin , Sun Hongyuan , Lin Haihua , Miao Jin , Liu Hao
Published: January 2025

The application of vortex-induced vibration, characterized by low flow velocity requirements and low costs, has emerged as a prominent focus of research within the domain of ocean-current energy generation. Currently, researchers have primarily conducted detailed investigations into the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of cylinders, with comparatively less attention given to their energy conversion properties. Consequently, this study employs numerical simulations to examine the energy conversion characteristics of a series arrangement of three cylinders, elucidating the vortex-induced vibration response. The findings indicate that the series arrangement of three cylinders can broaden the velocity range for energy harvesting, thereby enabling the cylinders to sustain high-energy conversion efficiency across a wider velocity spectrum. Furthermore, the energy harvesting capacity of the cylinders is predominantly associated with the amplitude and frequency of vortex-induced vibrations. The total energy harvesting power of the three cylinders in series increased with an increase in the reduced velocity, and the maximum power of the three cylinders can reach 5.211 W. In contrast, smaller spacing ratios may affect the energy harvesting efficiency of the vibration. The total energy harvesting capacity of the three cylinders is stabilized at a certain spacing ratio and velocity range; notably, the energy harvesting output of the upstream cylinder closely resembles that of a solitary cylinder. However, at a higher reduced velocity, the energy harvesting power of the midstream cylinder and the downstream cylinder is significantly greater than that of the upstream cylinder.
Heterogeneous sensor-based rotor attitude detection for a spherical motor using distributed Kalman filtering method
Authors: Zhou Sili , Li Guoli , Wang Qunjing , Guo Jiahu , Jiang Yuanyuan , Xu Jiazi
Published: January 2025

Permanent magnet spherical motors (PMSpMs) are new special motors with multiple degrees of freedom capability in a limited space. This paper proposes a heterogeneous sensor-based rotor attitude detection (RAD) approach for the PMSpM using the distributed Kalman filtering method. An industrial camera is used to detect the rotor attitude by integrating the Kalman filter (visual method), in order to improve short-time occlusion ability. Meanwhile, a MEMS sensor is introduced to detect the PMSpM rotor attitude simultaneously by using the Kalman filtering method (MEMS method). On the basis of this, the heterogeneous sensor network consists of the camera and the MEMS sensor, and the proposed RAD approach is implemented through the Kalman filtering fusing method. To verify the proposed heterogeneous sensor-based RAD method, the test bench is developed and the one-dimensional and three-dimensional fusing experiments are conducted. The results indicate that the heterogeneous sensor-based RAD method possesses the ability of visual resistance to long-term interference with good accuracy.
Suppression effect on implosion of ceramic pressure hull through porous protection based on flow control
Authors: Sun Shengxia , Zhao Min , Zhang Xinyu , Zheng Jiancai , Li Tong
Published: January 2025

Ceramic pressure hull arrays have significant advantages for deep-sea underwater vehicles owing to their light weight and high strength. Furthermore, they are used to provide buoyancy to deep-sea underwater vehicles. However, the brittle characteristics of ceramic materials present a risk of implosion of the pressure hull in deep-sea environments. Once this occurs, a chain reaction of implosions will form in the pressure hull array, damaging the entire underwater vehicle. Therefore, effective implosion suppression strategies are required, and their suppression mechanisms must be analyzed. In this study, a numerical simulation method for porous protection based on a compressible multiphase flow is proposed from the perspective of controlling the flow with a porous protective cover, and verified through an underwater implosion protection experiment. The mechanism of implosion suppression was analyzed. It can be concluded that at the blocking and disturbing effect of the protective cover, the porous protective cover had a significant attenuating effect on the implosion shockwave. The influence of different hole parameters on the implosion suppression effect was discussed. It was found that when the porosity of the porous protective cover was fixed, more holes on the protective cover enhanced the attenuation effect on the implosion shockwave; however, after the number of holes increased to a certain extent, the implosion suppression effect remained unchanged.
Finely integrated design of end wall region for a compressor linear cascade through adjoint optimization
Authors: Li Xin , Meng Tongtong , Ji Lucheng
Published: January 2025

With the advancement of aerodynamic design techniques for turbomachinery, the high-loss flow in the end wall region has emerged as a bottleneck, limiting further improvements in the aerodynamic performance of fans and compressors. In this study, the end wall region of a linear cascade is flexibly parameterized using the advanced extended free-form deformation method and subsequently optimized through adjoint optimization, enabling an integrated design of the entire end wall region. A refined design featuring flexible hub deformation and a smoothly corner region is achieved. The results demonstrated that the finely integrated design significantly reduced the loss coefficient by 16.81% and effectively controlled corner separation.
Nozzle model for equivalently simulating the dynamic characteristics of human exhalation clouds
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Zhang Hang , Shi Fangcheng , Li Hengkui , Zhu Yan , Wang Yu , Lu Yibin , Yao Jiyu
Published: January 2025

Current airway models for simulating human expiratory cloud diffusion face challenges due to numerous difficult-to-define entry boundaries and unverified simplifications, potentially leading to inaccurate simulations of dynamic characteristics of exhaled clouds. To address this challenge, a nozzle geometry boundary structure is designed with inclined channels and a main channel containing an internal obstacle. The inclined channels primarily affect the vertical velocity of the cloud, while the obstacle in the main channel primarily influences the internal vortices, thereby impacting the diffusion of the exhalation cloud. The effects of the angle of inclined channels, obstacle length, and obstacle width on four key parameters characterizing cloud dispersion: penetration distance, area, upper angle, and lower angle, are assessed in this study. Bayesian optimization was employed based on the results of simulations involving various nozzle structures. Optimization results indicated that an inclined channel angle of 63.3 degrees, obstacle dimensions of 2.8 mm width, and 5.2 mm length yielded minimal deviation. Numerical simulations using these optimized parameters closely matched the human results captured by Schlieren, with an average deviation of within 8%, effectively simulating the dynamic characteristics of exhaled clouds. The nozzle model offers reliable geometry boundary conditions for numerical simulations of human exhalation, thereby minimizing discrepancies between simulations and experimental results.
Prompting droplet breakup by imposing an electric field
Authors: Chen Ningguang , Gan Yunhua , Yan Yuying
Published: January 2025

Various means for manipulating droplets based on pressure, magnetic, optical, or other external fields have emerged. Despite the remarkable progress, the existing modalities of droplet formation control and manipulation still deserve further investigations, especially for the utilization of biodiesel. Here, we report a method for droplet manipulation using electric fields to achieve improved uniformity of droplet distribution, continuity, and stability of droplet generation. Leveraging on the weakening of surface tension by electric stress could manipulate the droplet size, generation period, and departure rate. When the applied voltage is 4 kV, the droplet size and formation time were reduced by 50% and 7.83 times, respectively. Furthermore, we utilized ethanol with lower surface tension and higher electrical conductivity to improve the response of biodiesel to the electric field, which reduced the droplet breakup time by 211.67 times. Among them, the electric field had the most significant effect on promoting the breakup of BE10. In addition, the effects of electrode structure and flow rate on droplet breakup in the electric field are also considered. These findings provide a satisfactory paradigm for droplet operation in various practical applications.