bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Research Strategies in Huron-Wendat Archaeology
Authors: Glencross Bonnie , Warrick Gary , Eastaugh Edward , Hawkins Alicia , Hodgetts Lisa , Lesage Louis
Published: April 2017

The rapid pace of economic, political, and social change over the past 150 years has framed and reframed archaeological practice in Ontario. Indigenous groups have become increasingly involved in and critical of archaeological research. Indigenous peoples who value archaeological investigation of ancestral sites, but also desire to protect their buried ancestors, have restricted archaeological excavation and the analysis of remains. Over the last decade, research and consulting archaeologists in Ontario, Canada, have worked collaboratively with Indigenous peoples with an eye to developing sustainable archaeology practices. In the spirit of sustainable archaeology, a comprehensive research project and field school run by Wilfrid Laurier University is training the next generation of archaeologists to adopt investigative techniques that minimize disturbance of ancestral sites. Here we present the results of our surface, magnetic susceptibility, and metal detecting surveys of a Huron-Wendat village site, which pose minimally invasive solutions for investigating village sites in wooded areas. The water-sieving of midden soils in an attempt to recover 100 percent of cultural materials, and the analysis of archived collections also honor the values of Indigenous descendant communities by limiting additional invasive excavation.
The Timing and Source of Long-Run Returns Following Repurchases
Authors: Bargeron Leonce , Bonaime Alice , Thomas Shawn
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates the timing and source of anomalous positive long-run abnormal returns following repurchase authorizations. Returns between program authorization and completion announcements are indistinguishable from 0. Abnormal returns occur onlyaftercompletion announcements. Long-run returns are largely attributable to announcement returns at subsequent authorizations and takeover attempts; that is, anomalous post-authorization returns are not persistent drifts but rather step functions. These findings have important implications for prior papers examining this most persistent and widespread anomaly. Further, our results serve to refocus the search for a rational explanation for the anomaly on subsequent repurchase announcements and takeover bids.
Best Practice for Cost-of-Capital Estimates
Authors: Levi Yaron , Welch Ivo
Published: April 2017

Cost-of-capital assessments with factor models require quantitative forward-looking estimates. We recommend estimating Vasicek-shrunk betas with 1–4 years of daily stock returns and then shrinking betas asecondtime (and more for smaller stocks and longer-term projects), because the underlying betas are themselves time-varying. Such estimators also work well in other developed countries and for small-minus-big (SMB) and high-minus-low (HML) exposures. If own historical stock returns are not available, peer betas based on market cap should be used. Historical industry averages have almost no predictive power and should never be used.
Abundance and catchability estimates of the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus based on mark-recapture data from the northern Yucatan Peninsula
Authors: Villegas-Hernández H. , Poot-López G.R. , López-Rocha J.A. , González-Salas C. , Guillen-Hernández S.
Published: April 2017

A short-term Jolly–Seber mark-recapture model experiment is described. This experiment was aimed at estimating the rate of catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the catchability coefficient (q) of the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the fishing port of Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico. To estimate the local population size, 52 traps were deployed along four transects located in a coastal capture area of 3600 m−2. The CPUE and q were compared between the daily mark-recapture Jolly–Seber experiment and the bi-monthly (carried out every 2 months) samplings. The average abundance was estimated at 3475 individuals. All three suggested scenarios, applied to estimate densities, gave similar estimates, i.e. 0.0386, 0.0350, 0.0365 crabs m−2 for the first (Previously Cited Attraction Radius), second (CPUE per transect) and third (Catchability-Density Relationship), respectively. Based on the latter scenario, densities ranged from 27,900 (annual average) to 36,500 (Spring) crabs km−2. The average CPUE of the daily mark-recapture experiment was estimated at 1.96 crabs trap−1, whereas the average bi-monthly CPUE was estimated at 1.13 crabs trap−1. The q (per trap) was estimated at 0.0186 for the daily mark-recapture experiment and at 0.0247 for the bi-monthly sampling. Both catchability and CPUE increased in individuals whose size ranged between 110 and 170 mm CW. However, no significant difference (ANCOVAs) was found between the daily and bi-monthly samplings neither in CPUE nor in catchability. The use of both mark-recapture data and the Jolly–Seber model proved to be a fast and reliable method for estimating the abundance and catchability of Atlantic blue crab.
Beam halo study on the electron storage ring
Authors: Wang D. , Bambade P. , Naito T. , Yokoya K. , Gao J.
Published: April 2017

Halo distribution is a key topic for background study. This paper has developed an analytical method to give an estimation of beam halo distribution in storage rings. This is a creative new theory. As an example, the equilibrium particle distribution of the beam tail in the Accelerator Test Facility damping ring is calculated analytically with different emittance and different vacuum degree. The analytical results agree the measurements very well. This is a general method, which can be applied to any electron rings.
An explicit formula for the free exponential modality of linear logic
Authors: MELLIÈS PAUL-ANDRÉ , TABAREAU NICOLAS , TASSON CHRISTINE
Published: April 2017

The exponential modality of linear logic associates to every formula A a commutative comonoid !A which can be duplicated in the course of reasoning. Here, we explain how to compute the free commutative comonoid !A as a sequential limit of equalizers in any symmetric monoidal category where this sequential limit exists and commutes with the tensor product. We apply this general recipe to a series of models of linear logic, typically based on coherence spaces, Conway games and finiteness spaces. This algebraic description unifies for the first time a number of apparently different constructions of the exponential modality in spaces and games. It also sheds light on the duplication policy of linear logic, and its interaction with classical duality and double negation completion.
The efficacy of primary care chaplaincy compared with antidepressants: a retrospective study comparing chaplaincy with antidepressants
Authors: Macdonald Gordon
Published: April 2017

Aim

To determine the effectiveness of primary care chaplaincy (PCC) when used as the sole intervention, with outcomes being compared directly with those of antidepressants. This was to be carried out in a homogenous study population reflective of certain demographics in the United Kingdom.

Background

Increasing numbers of patients are living with long-term conditions and ‘modern maladies’ and are experiencing loss of well-being and depression. There is an increasing move to utilise non-pharmacological interventions such as ‘talking therapies’ within this context. Chaplaincy is one such ‘talking therapy’ but within primary care its evidence base is sparse with only one quantitative study to date. There is therefore a need to evaluate PCC excluding those co-prescribed antidepressants, as this is not evidenced in the literature as yet. PCC also needs to be directly compared with the use of antidepressants to justify its use as a valid alternative treatment for loss of well-being and depression.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study based on routinely collected data. There were 107 patients in the PCC group and 106 in the antidepressant group. Socio-demographic data were collected. Their pre- and post-intervention (either chaplaincy or antidepressant) well-being was assessed, by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) which is a validated Likert scale.

Findings

The majority of both groups were female with both groups showing marked ethnic homogeneity. PCC was associated with a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in well-being at a mean follow-up of 80 days. This treatment effect was maintained after those co-prescribed antidepressants were removed. PCC was associated with an improvement in well-being similar to that of antidepressants with no significant difference between the two groups.
DUBROVIN’S SUPERPOTENTIAL AS A GLOBAL SPECTRAL CURVE
Authors: Dunin-Barkowski P. , Norbury P. , Orantin N. , Popolitov A. , Shadrin S.
Published: April 2017

We apply the spectral curve topological recursion to Dubrovin’s universal Landau–Ginzburg superpotential associated to a semi-simple point of any conformal Frobenius manifold. We show that under some conditions the expansion of the correlation differentials reproduces the cohomological field theory associated with the same point of the initial Frobenius manifold.
Eigenvector Centrality is a Metric of Elastomer Modulus, Heterogeneity, and Damage
Authors: Welch P. M. , Welch C. F.
Published: April 2017

We present an application of eigenvector centrality to encode the connectivity of polymer networks resolved at the micro- and meso-scopic length scales. This method captures the relative importance of different nodes within the network structure and provides a route toward the development of a statistical mechanics model that correlates connectivity with mechanical response. This scheme may be informed by analytical and semi-analytical models for the network structure, or through direct experimental examination. It may be used to predict the reduction in mechanical performance for heterogeneous materials subjected to specific modes of damage. Here, we develop the method and demonstrate that it leads to the prediction of established trends in elastomers. We also apply the model to the case of a self-healing polymer network reported in the literature, extracting insight about the fraction of bonds broken and re-formed during strain and recovery.
Multi-functional Ultrasonic Micro-elastography Imaging System
Authors: Qian Xuejun , Ma Teng , Yu Mingyue , Chen Xiaoyang , Shung K. Kirk , Zhou Qifa
Published: April 2017

In clinical decision making, in addition to anatomical information, biomechanical properties of soft tissues may provide additional clues for disease diagnosis. Given the fact that most of diseases are originated from micron sized structures, an elastography imaging system of fine resolution (~100 µm) and deep penetration depth capable of providing both qualitative and quantitative measurements of biomechanical properties is desired. Here, we report a newly developed multi-functional ultrasonic micro-elastography imaging system in which acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) and shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) are implemented. To accomplish this, the 4.5 MHz/40 MHz transducer were used as the excitation/detection source, respectively. The imaging system was tested with tissue-mimicking phantoms and an ex vivo chicken liver through 2D/3D imaging. The measured lateral/axial elastography resolution and field of view are 223.7 ± 20.1/109.8 ± 6.9 µm and 1.5 mm for ARFI, 543.6 ± 39.3/117.6 ± 8.7 µm and 2 mm for SWEI, respectively. These results demonstrate that the promising capability of this high resolution elastography imaging system for characterizing tissue biomechanical properties at microscale level and its translational potential into clinical practice.
Effectiveness of Immersive Videos in Inducing Awe: An Experimental Study
Authors: Chirico Alice , Cipresso Pietro , Yaden David B. , Biassoni Federica , Riva Giuseppe , Gaggioli Andrea
Published: April 2017

Awe, a complex emotion composed by the appraisal components of vastness and need for accommodation, is a profound and often meaningful experience. Despite its importance, psychologists have only recently begun empirical study of awe. At the experimental level, a main issue concerns how to elicit high intensity awe experiences in the lab. To address this issue, Virtual Reality (VR) has been proposed as a potential solution. Here, we considered the highest realistic form of VR: immersive videos. 42 participants watched at immersive and normal 2D videos displaying an awe or a neutral content. After the experience, they rated their level of awe and sense of presence. Participants’ psychophysiological responses (BVP, SC, sEMG) were recorded during the whole video exposure. We hypothesized that the immersive video condition would increase the intensity of awe experienced compared to 2D screen videos. Results indicated that immersive videos significantly enhanced the self-reported intensity of awe as well as the sense of presence. Immersive videos displaying an awe content also led to higher parasympathetic activation. These findings indicate the advantages of using VR in the experimental study of awe, with methodological implications for the study of other emotions.
Contrasting response of rainfall extremes to increase in surface air and dewpoint temperatures at urban locations in India
Authors: Ali Haider , Mishra Vimal
Published: April 2017

Rainfall extremes are projected to increase under the warming climate. The Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) relationship provides a physical basis to understand the sensitivity of rainfall extremes in response to warming, however, relationships between rainfall extremes and air temperature over tropical regions remain uncertain. Here, using station based observations and remotely sensed rainfall, we show that at a majority of urban locations, rainfall extremes show a negative scaling relationship against surface air temperature (SAT) in India. The negative relationship between rainfall extremes and SAT in India can be attributed to cooling (SAT) due to the monsoon season rain events in India, suggesting that SAT alone is not a good predictor of rainfall extremes in India. In contrast, a strong (higher than C-C rate) positive relationship between rainfall extremes and dew point (DPT) and tropospheric temperature (T850) is shown for most of the stations, which was previously unexplored. Subsequently, DPT and T850 were used as covariates for non-stationary daily design storms. Higher magnitude design storms were obtained under the assumption of a non-stationary climate. The contrasting relationship between rainfall extremes with SAT and DPT has implications for understanding the changes in rainfall extremes in India under the projected climate.
Heat shock protein70 is implicated in modulating NF-κB activation in alveolar macrophages of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Chun-Hua , Chou Pai-Chien , Chung Fu-Tsai , Lin Horng-Chyuan , Huang Kuo-Hsiung , Kuo Han-Pin
Published: April 2017

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to modulate NF-κB activation. It is unknown whether HSP70 plays a role in modulating NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines released from alveolar macrophage (AM) of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) and AM were sampled from nineteen active TB patients and 14 healthy individuals. HSP70 expression was 3-fold higher in AMs of active TB patients than normal subjects, and declined after receiving 3-month anti-TB treatment. Overexpression of HSP70 by transfection with HSP70 plasmid decreased p-IκBα and p65 NF-κB activities. Inhibition of NF-κB activation using NF-κB or MAPK inhibitors increased HSP70 expression in AM of TB patients. Blocking p38- or ERK-MAPK decreased NF-κB and IκB activities, leading to up-regulated HSP70 expression. Overexpression of HSP70 alone or with p38 or ERK inhibitors decreased TNF-α (57%, 83% and 74%, respectively) and IL-6 (53%, 70%, and 67%, respectively) release from macrophages of TB patients. In conclusion, HSP70 modulates NF-κB activation in AM of TB patients, through inhibiting IκB-α phosphorylation or acting as a chaperon molecule to prevent NF-κB binding to the target genes by facilitating degradation. The upregulated HSP70 may suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during active PTB infection, and prevent overwhelming tissue damage.
New Bicyclic Cembranoids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum
Authors: Liang Lin-Fu , Chen Wen-Ting , Li Xu-Wen , Wang He-Yao , Guo Yue-Wei
Published: April 2017

Nine new bicyclic cembranoids, sarcophytrols M–U(1–9), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum as minor components, along with one known related cembranoid 10. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical conversion. The chemical structures of these metabolites are characterized by the different patterns of the additional cyclization within the 14-member skeleton, which leading to the formation of furan, pyran, oxepane, and peroxyl rings, respectively. Among them, sarcophytrols R and S(6 and 7) share a rare decaryiol skeleton with an unusual C12/C15 cyclization. In addition, the absolute configurations of sarcophytrols M and T(1 and 8) were determined by the modified Mosher’s method. The research of these new secondary metabolites provided a further understanding of the diversity of cyclized cembranoids from the title species.
MicroRNA-26a targets MAPK6 to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and vein graft neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Tan Juanjuan , Yang Liguo , Liu Cuicui , Yan Zhiqiang
Published: April 2017

Neointima formation is the major reason for vein graft failure. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of miR-26a in the development of neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein grafts. Using autologous jugular vein grafts in the rat carotid artery as a model, we found that miR-26a was significantly downregulated in grafted veins as well as proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Overexpression of miR-26a reduced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Further analysis revealed that the effects of miR-26a in VSMCs were mediated by targeting MAPK6 at the mRNA and protein levels. Luciferase assays showed that miR-26a repressed wild type (WT) MAPK6-3′-UTR-luciferase activity but not mutant MAPK6-3′-UTR-luciferease reporter. MAPK6 deficiency reduced proliferation and migration; in contrast, overexpression of MAPK6 enhanced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. This study confirmed that neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts was reduced in vivo by up-regulated miR-26a expression. In conclusion, our results showed that miR-26a is an important regulator of VSMC functions and neointimal hyperplasia, suggesting that miR-26a may be a potential therapeutic target for autologous vein graft diseases.
Fabrication, characterization, and biological evaluation of anti-HER2 indocyanine green-doxorubicin-encapsulated PEG-b-PLGA copolymeric nanoparticles for targeted photochemotherapy of breast cancer cells
Authors: Lee Yu-Hsiang , Chang Da-Sheng
Published: April 2017

In this study, we aimed to develop anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) indocyanine green (ICG)-doxorubicin (DOX)-encapsulated polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) diblock copolymeric nanoparticles (HIDPPNPs) to explore the co-administration of phototherapy and chemotherapy for HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, a highly aggressive and medicine-resistant breast carcinoma. The HIDPPNPs were fabricated using a solvent evaporation technique followed by carbodiimide-mediated antibody conjugation on the nanoparticle surface. Compared with freely dissolved ICG, the HIDPPNPs conferred enhanced thermal stability to the entrapped ICG, were able to generate a hyperthermia effect at concentrations ≥1 μM ICG equivalent and provided increased production of singlet oxygen under 808-nm laser irradiation with an intensity of 6 W/cm2. Furthermore, the uptake efficiency of the HIDPPNPs in MDA-MB-453/HER2(+) cells was approximately 2-fold higher than that in MCF7/HER2(−) cells, demonstrating that the HIDPPNPs specifically target HER2-expressing cells. Based on the viability analysis, the HIDPPNPs exhibited effective cytotoxicity upon light exposure (808 nm; 6 W/cm2), and the resulting cell death rate was even higher than that caused by using twice amount of encapsulated DOX or ICG alone. These results indicate that the developed HIDPPNPs may serve as a feasible tool for use in anti-HER2 breast cancer therapy with reduced chemotoxicity.
Imaging genetics approach to Parkinson’s disease and its correlation with clinical score
Authors: Kim Mansu , Kim Jonghoon , Lee Seung-Hak , Park Hyunjin
Published: April 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with both underlying genetic factors and neuroimaging findings. Existing neuroimaging studies related to the genome in PD have mostly focused on certain candidate genes. The aim of our study was to construct a linear regression model using both genetic and neuroimaging features to better predict clinical scores compared to conventional approaches. We obtained neuroimaging and DNA genotyping data from a research database. Connectivity analysis was applied to identify neuroimaging features that could differentiate between healthy control (HC) and PD groups. A joint analysis of genetic and imaging information known as imaging genetics was applied to investigate genetic variants. We then compared the utility of combining different genetic variants and neuroimaging features for predicting the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) in a regression framework. The associative cortex, motor cortex, thalamus, and pallidum showed significantly different connectivity between the HC and PD groups. Imaging genetics analysis identified PARK2, PARK7, HtrA2, GIGYRF2, and SNCA as genetic variants that are significantly associated with imaging phenotypes. A linear regression model combining genetic and neuroimaging features predicted the MDS-UPDRS with lower error and higher correlation with the actual MDS-UPDRS compared to other models using only genetic or neuroimaging information alone.
Crystal structure of Zn(ZnCl4)2(Cho)2: the transformation of ions to neutral species in a deep eutectic system
Authors: Patil Yogesh P. , Kore Rajkumar , Kelley Steven P. , Griffin Scott T. , Rogers Robin D.
Published: April 2017

The ions of the ZnCl2/choline chloride deep eutectic system form a neutral complex by coordination to a central metal ion.
Exposure to air boosts CuAAC reactions catalyzed by PEG-stabilized Cu nanoparticles
Authors: Fu Fangyu , Martinez Angel , Wang Changlong , Ciganda Roberto , Yate Luis , Escobar Ane , Moya Sergio , Fouquet Eric , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier
Published: April 2017

The catalytic activity of Cu(0) NPs is boosted upon aerobic oxidation, forming Cu2O NPs, and further improved on an SBA-15 support.
A density functional theory study on the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of anthraquinone analogue cathode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yang Shu-Jing , Qin Xiao-Ya , He Rongxing , Shen Wei , Li Ming , Zhao Liu-Bin
Published: April 2017

Thermodynamic and dynamic properties of anthraquinone as the cathode material of rechargeable lithium battery can be largely improved using theoretical design.
Building premium secondary reaction field with a miniaturized capsule catalyst to realize efficient synthesis of a liquid fuel directly from syngas
Authors: Yamane Noriyuki , Wang Yang , Li Jie , He Yingluo , Zhang Peipei , Nguyen Letrunghieu , Tan Li , Ai Peipei , Peng Xiaobo , Wang Ye , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: April 2017

A premium secondary reaction field is built by miniaturized core–shell catalyst for synthesis of liquid fuel from syngas.
Following palladium catalyzed methoxycarbonylation by hyperpolarized NMR spectroscopy: a parahydrogen based investigation
Authors: Guan Dexin , Jonathan Holmes A. , López-Serrano Joaquín , Duckett Simon B.
Published: April 2017

When the reaction of Pd(OTf)2(bcope) with diphenylacetylene, carbon monoxide and parahydrogen is probed, hyperpolarised NMR signals (blue) are seen.
Tuning the luminescence properties of lanthanide coordination polymers with Ag@SiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Kong Lingjuan , Kong Kai , Zhao Yongliang , Chu Haibin
Published: April 2017

A series of core–shell Ag@SiO2nanoparticles with different core diameter and shell thickness have been prepared to tune the luminescence properties of terbium and europium coordination polymers with phthalic acid.
Do halogen bonds dictate the packing preferences in solid solutions?
Authors: Pramanik Titas , Pavan Mysore S. , Guru Row Tayur N.
Published: April 2017

The isomeric compounds, 4-bromo-2-chloro benzoic acid (4Br) and 2-bromo-4-chlorobenzoic acid (2Br), crystallize in entirely different space groups,P21/nandP1̄ respectively. Both structures are stabilized by a strong O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds generating a carboxylic acid dimer along with an unusual triangular halogen bonded motif in the former and a well-defined halogen bond in the latter. Charge density analysis establishes the nature of halogen bonds by bringing out significant changes in the packing features of the two structures as well as the quantification of the interaction energies involved in the formation of the motifs. Cocrystallization efforts lead to the formation of solid solutions of varied stoichiometric ratios among the two entirely different crystalline forms, a feature which is observed for the first time, and depends on the nature of the halogen bonds. Despite the significant variations in the charge density distribution in intermolecular space, the triangular motif, with two type II Br⋯Cl and Cl⋯Br and one type I Br⋯Br contact in the structure of4Brdictates the packing preferences in the solid solution as established by accurate single crystal diffraction studies supported by cognate powder diffraction analysis (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies. A systematic study of the solid solution by varying the stoichiometric ratios establishes the hierarchy in halogen bonded motifs and consequently its directional influence to form the resultant supramolecular assembly.
Hypercrosslinked conjugated microporous polymers for carbon capture and energy storage
Authors: Jiang Xiaowei , Liu Yunfei , Liu Jun , Fu Xiaohui , Luo Yali , Lyu Yinong
Published: April 2017

Three monomers with different geometrical configurations were employed to synthesize hypercrosslinked conjugated microporous polymers via Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.
Water-based acrylic coatings reinforced by PISA-derived fibers
Authors: Albigès Richard , Klein Pauline , Roi Stéphanie , Stoffelbach François , Creton Costantino , Bouteiller Laurent , Rieger Jutta
Published: April 2017

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) provides nanofibers that may be used as reinforcing fillers for all-organic aqueous coatings.
Time-evolved, far-red, circularly polarised luminescent polymer aggregates endowed with sacrificial helical Si–Si bond polymers
Authors: Fujiki Michiya , Yoshimoto Shosei
Published: April 2017

Non-charged helical polysilanes (PSi) were spontaneously endowed with CPL on the order of gem = ±0.02 at 700 nm when non-helical red- and far-red π-conjugated polymeric (PF8DBT) aggregates were employed after ageing at 20–25 °C for 24 h, followed by PSi-selective photoscissoring at 313 nm for 60 s.
Supramolecular conjugated polymer materials for organelle imaging in living cells
Authors: Hu Rong , Li Shengliang , Lu Huan , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu
Published: April 2017

A novel supramolecular system based on conjugated polymers is developed to realize specific targeting and imaging of organelles in living cells.
Asymmetric synthesis of CF3- and indole-containing tetrahydro-β-carbolines via chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid-catalyzed aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction
Authors: Xie En , Rahman Abdul , Lin Xufeng
Published: April 2017

An enantioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with 1-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines has been developed to afford tetrahydro-β-carbolines with a CF3- and indole-containing quaternary stereocenter by using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis.
Synthesis of nickel(ii) coordination polymers and conversion into porous NiO nanorods with excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose detection
Authors: Chen Changyun , Shi Mei , Xue Mengwei , Hu Yaojuan
Published: April 2017

Porous NiO nanostructures are fabricated by calcinating the Ni(SA)2(H2O)4coordination polymers and used as electrocatalysts for the detection of glucose in a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor.
Carbonic acid monoethyl ester as a pure solid and its conformational isomerism in the gas-phase
Authors: Bernard Jürgen , Köck Eva-Maria , Huber Roland G. , Liedl Klaus R. , Call Ludwig , Schlögl Robert , Grothe Hinrich , Loerting Thomas
Published: April 2017

The ethyl hemiester of carbonic acid is prepared as a pure solid and sublimed to the gas phase, in spite of claims of its instability. FT-IR spectroscopy combined with ab initio calculations reveals a 5 : 1 ratio of the two most stable conformers.
Synthesis of carbon-supported Pd–Co bimetallic catalysts templated by Co nanoparticles using the galvanic replacement method for selective hydrogenation
Authors: Yoshii Takeharu , Nakatsuka Kazuki , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Hiromi Yamashita Hiromi Yamashita
Published: April 2017

Carbon-supported Pd–Co catalysts prepared by galvanic replacement were proven to be active for the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene.
Novel ethynyl-pyrene substituted phenothiazine based metal free organic dyes in DSSC with 12% conversion efficiency
Authors: Nagarajan Bhanumathi , Kushwaha Suman , Elumalai Ramachandran , Mandal Sudip , Ramanujam Kothandaraman , Raghavachari Dhamodharan
Published: April 2017

Six new dyes based on phenothiazine conjugated to an ethynyl-pyrene moiety are synthesized and characterized.
Design, development and applications of etched multilayers for soft X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Le Guen Karine , Benbalagh Rabah , André Jean-Michel , Coudevylle Jean-René , Jonnard Philippe
Published: April 2017

An etched multilayer, a 2D structure fabricated by etching a periodic multilayer according to the pattern of a laminar grating, is applied in the soft X-ray range to improve the spectral resolution of wavelength dispersive spectrometers. The present article gathers all the successive stages of the development of such a device optimized to analyze the characteristic emission of light elements: design, structural and optical characterization and applications to X-ray spectroscopy. The evolution of the shape of the C Kα emission band of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), as a function of the angle between the emission direction and the (0 0 0 1) planes, is measured. These results, compared to those with a grating, demonstrate that the achieved spectral resolution enables disentangling σ → 1s and π → 1s transitions within the C K emission band.
Treatment of Posttubercular Syringomyelia Not Responsive to Antitubercular Therapy: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Canova Giuseppe , Boaro Alessandro , Giordan Enrico , Longatti Pierluigi
Published: April 2017

Posttubercular adhesive arachnoiditis is a rare, late complication of tubercular meningitis. Syringomyelia can develop as a consequence of intramedullary cystic lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow disturbance around the spinal cord, even after successful chemotherapy. We reviewed the literature related to posttubercular syringomyelia treatment and suggest a new combined surgical approach. A 25-year-old Nigerian male patient presented with legs numbness, urinary disturbance, and legs weakness. Spinal magnetic resonance revealed a T5-T7 syringomyelia, secondary to adhesive spinal arachnoiditis related to a history of tuberculous meningitis. Adhesiolysis by direct visualization with a flexible endoscope was performed and a handmade S-italic syringe-subdural shunt was placed to restore CSF flow. During the postoperative course, the neurological deficits improved together with the resolution of the syrinx. Long-term magnetic resonance imaging follow-up documented no recurrences or shunt displacements. We suggest that, when antitubercular therapy is not effective to resolve postarachnoiditis syrinx, arachnolysis with a flexible endoscope together with the placement of an S-italic shunt allowed free CSF communication between the syrinx and the subarachnoid space. Furthermore, we support that the use of an s-shaped shunt could prevent displacement or migration of the device and allows an easier revision in case of acute or late complications.
Salvage of Necrotic-Appearing Limb after In Utero Endoscopic Lysis of Constriction Bands
Authors: Chon A. , Chen B. , Burkhalter W. , Chmait R.H. , Abdel-Sattar M.
Published: April 2017

We report a case of amniotic band syndrome complicated by constriction bands and marked distal swelling of both lower extremities. Color Doppler interrogation of the right lower extremity revealed complete lack of blood flow below the level of the constriction. Upon fetoscopic survey, the right lower extremity beyond the constriction band appeared dusky red and discolored with desquamation, consistent with a necrotic appearance. The constriction bands were cut in utero using endoshears, thereby allowing restoration of blood flow on postoperative day 1. The patient was counseled extensively regarding the possibility of limb dysfunction or amputation. However, the baby was born with functional lower extremities, and at 21 months of age, the child was cruising and jumping on his own. This case demonstrates that there is unique plasticity in fetal limb recovery after a severe ischemic injury that is not otherwise seen in postnatal life. Reperfusion of the necrotic-appearing limb resulted in restoration of appearance and function without apparent deleterious effects on the fetus. We believe the favorable outcome in this case was likely due to timeliness of the in utero lysis of amniotic bands and the plasticity of fetal healing.
Electrolyte solutions at curved electrodes. II. Microscopic approach
Authors: Reindl Andreas , Bier Markus , Dietrich S.
Published: April 2017

Density functional theory is used to describe electrolyte solutions in contact with electrodes of planar or spherical shape. For the electrolyte solutions, we consider the so-called civilized model, in which all species present are treated on equal footing. This allows us to discuss the features of the electric double layer in terms of the differential capacitance. The model provides insight into the microscopic structure of the electric double layer, which goes beyond the mesoscopic approach studied in Paper I. This enables us to judge the relevance of microscopic details, such as the radii of the particles forming the electrolyte solutions or the dipolar character of the solvent particles, and to compare the predictions of various models. Similar to Paper I, a general behavior is observed for small radii of the electrode in that in this limit the results become independent of the surface charge density and of the particle radii. However, for large electrode radii, non-trivial behaviors are observed. Especially the particle radii and the surface charge density strongly influence the capacitance. From the comparison with the Poisson-Boltzmann approach, it becomes apparent that the shape of the electrode determines whether the microscopic details of the full civilized model have to be taken into account or whether already simpler models yield acceptable predictions.
Long-range interacting pendula: A simple model for understanding complex dynamics of charged particles in an electronic curtain device
Authors: Myers Owen , Del Maestro Adrian , Wu Junru , Marshall Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we investigate the equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of a model that shares several important characteristics with charged particles interacting in an Electric Curtain (EC) device. An EC comprises a periodic array of parallel electrodes, applied to each is an alternating electric potential. Depending on the applied potentials and the geometry of the electrodes, a wide variety of field structures above the plane of the electrodes are possible. The EC has multiple applications in the control and manipulation of small particles, but is under utilized in industry and science because of difficulties in predicting and understanding the particle dynamics. One particular challenge in understanding the dynamics is the many-body coulomb interactions. To better understand the role of the interactions, we study a one-dimensional analytically tractable model that encapsulates their long-range nature. Specifically, we study a Hamiltonian similar to that of the Hamiltonian mean field model but with the inclusion of an index dependent phase in the interaction term that, as we show, reflects the periodic structure of an EC field. We solve for the canonical partition function and also investigate some of the non-equilibrium behaviors. In the study of the non-equilibrium behaviors, we find an interesting property, namely that a quasistationary (lifetime diverges as the number of particles is increased) clustered state can exist when an initial configuration is ordered by the particle indices.
2 μm Raman fiber laser based on a multimaterial chalcogenide microwire
Authors: Abdukerim Nurmemet , Li Lizhu , El Amraoui Mohammed , Messaddeq Younès , Rochette Martin
Published: April 2017

We report a Raman fiber laser based on a multimaterial chalcogenide microwire. The microwire structure comprises a core of As38Se62, a cladding of As38S62, and a coating of poly-methyl methacrylate. The microwire is a robust, high confinement waveguide compatible with the mid-infrared. With the microwire inserted in a ring cavity, Raman laser oscillation at a wavelength of 2.025 μm occurs from synchronous pumping at a wavelength of 1.938 μm. The input peak power required to reach threshold is 4.6 W and the power slope efficiency is 4.5%. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental results and predict chirp-free femtosecond pulses.
Development of 2-D horn-antenna millimeter-wave imaging device (HMID) for the plasma diagnostics
Authors: Nagayama Y. , Ito N. , Kuwahara D. , Tsuchiya H. , Yamaguchi S.
Published: April 2017

The two-dimensional (2-D) Horn-antenna Millimeter-wave Imaging Device (HMID) has been developed for the O-mode Microwave Imaging Reflectometry (O-MIR) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The detectable frequency range of the HMID is 23–33 GHz, which corresponds to the cutoff electron density of 0.8–1.5 × 1019 m−3 in the O-MIR. The HMID is a 2-D imaging device that improves on the horn-antenna mixer array, which had been developed for the X-mode MIR in the LHD. In the HMID, the signal (RF) wave from the horn antenna is transmitted to the microstrip line by the finline transmitter, and this is mixed by the double-balanced-mixer with the local oscillation wave that is fed by a coaxial cable. By using the HMID, the MIR optical system can be significantly simplified.
Comb-like Turing patterns embedded in Hopf oscillations: Spatially localized states outside the 2:1 frequency locked region
Authors: Castillero Paulino Monroy , Yochelis Arik
Published: April 2017

A generic mechanism for the emergence of spatially localized states embedded in an oscillatory background is demonstrated by using a 2:1 frequency locking oscillatory system. The localization is of Turing type and appears in two space dimensions as a comb-like state in either π phase shifted Hopf oscillations or inside a spiral core. Specifically, the localized states appear in absence of the well known flip-flop dynamics (associated with collapsed homoclinic snaking) that is known to arise in the vicinity of Hopf-Turing bifurcation in one space dimension. Derivation and analysis of three Hopf-Turing amplitude equations in two space dimensions reveal a local dynamics pinning mechanism for Hopf fronts, which in turn allows the emergence of perpendicular (to the Hopf front) Turing states. The results are shown to agree well with the comb-like core size that forms inside spiral waves. In the context of 2:1 resonance, these localized states form outside the 2:1 resonance region and thus extend the frequency locking domain for spatially extended media, such as periodically driven Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical reactions. Implications to chlorite-iodide-malonic-acid and shaken granular media are also addressed.
Defect induced gap states in monolayer MoS2 control the Schottky barriers of Pt-mMoS2 interfaces
Authors: Su Jie , Feng Liping , Zhang Yan , Liu Zhengtang
Published: April 2017

Vacancies can significantly affect the performance of monolayer MoS2 (mMoS2) nanodevices because defect induced gap states can introduce large Schottky barriers at Pt-mMoS2 interfaces. Effects of adsorbed gases at S-vacancies on the defect induced gap states and Schottky barriers of Pt-mMoS2 interfaces have been studied by first-principles calculations. The defect induced gap states are occupied (unoccupied) ones when electron-rich (electron-poor) gases adsorb at S-vacancies. The occupied gap states in mMoS2 result in n-type Schottky barriers, whereas unoccupied gap states cause p-type Schottky barriers. Moreover, both the n-type and p-type Schottky barriers of Pt-mMoS2 interfaces decrease when the gap states are closer to the valence bands of mMoS2 because the gap states determine the direction and the amount of charge transfer at interfaces. The n-type and p-type Schottky barriers of Pt-mMoS2 interfaces are reduced to 0.36 and 0 eV by adsorbing high concentrations Cl2 and CO, respectively. Furthermore, adsorbing electron-poor gases (CO and NO) at S-vacancies change the n-type Pt-mMoS2 interfaces to p-type ones. These findings provide guidance to develop approaches to design high performance metal-mMoS2 interfaces with low Schottky barriers.
Dispersion, propagation, and transverse spin of surface plasmon polaritons in a metal-chiral-metal waveguide
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Junqing , Liu Xingguang , Gelmecha Demissie J.
Published: April 2017

Chiral media that exist ubiquitously in both nature and artificial metamaterials have exotic optical properties. The influence of chirality on the features of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a metal-chiral-metal plasmonic waveguide is revealed under realistic material parameters. A universal dispersion relation is derived, which covers the achiral metal-insulator-metal case. When the core of a symmetric waveguide is sufficiently thin, the introduction of chirality will weaken the cutoff effect which usually occurs in the antisymmetric surface plasmon mode. It is found that in the chiral case, the surface plasmon resonance frequency is slightly raised and that the propagation is enhanced. It is also demonstrated that chirality might modulate the transverse spin effect of SPPs in the waveguide. This work may enrich the plasmonics theory which is of great importance for nanophotonic devices.
NPM1 directs PIDDosome-dependent caspase-2 activation in the nucleolus
Authors: Ando Kiyohiro , Parsons Melissa J. , Shah Richa B. , Charendoff Chloé I. , Paris Sheré L. , Liu Peter H. , Fassio Sara R. , Rohrman Brittany A. , Thompson Ruth , Oberst Andrew , Sidi Samuel , Bouchier-Hayes Lisa
Published: April 2017

The PIDDosome (PIDD–RAIDD–caspase-2 complex) is considered to be the primary signaling platform for caspase-2 activation in response to genotoxic stress. Yet studies of PIDD-deficient mice show that caspase-2 activation can proceed in the absence of PIDD. Here we show that DNA damage induces the assembly of at least two distinct activation platforms for caspase-2: a cytoplasmic platform that is RAIDD dependent but PIDD independent, and a nucleolar platform that requires both PIDD and RAIDD. Furthermore, the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin (NPM1) acts as a scaffold for PIDD and is essential for PIDDosome assembly in the nucleolus after DNA damage. Inhibition of NPM1 impairs caspase-2 processing, apoptosis, and caspase-2–dependent inhibition of cell growth, demonstrating that the NPM1-dependent nucleolar PIDDosome is a key initiator of the caspase-2 activation cascade. Thus we have identified the nucleolus as a novel site for caspase-2 activation and function.
Nucleosome–nucleosome interactions via histone tails and linker DNA regulate nuclear rigidity
Authors: Shimamoto Yuta , Tamura Sachiko , Masumoto Hiroshi , Maeshima Kazuhiro
Published: April 2017

Cells, as well as the nuclei inside them, experience significant mechanical stress in diverse biological processes, including contraction, migration, and adhesion. The structural stability of nuclei must therefore be maintained in order to protect genome integrity. Despite extensive knowledge on nuclear architecture and components, however, the underlying physical and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We address this by subjecting isolated human cell nuclei to microneedle-based quantitative micromanipulation with a series of biochemical perturbations of the chromatin. We find that the mechanical rigidity of nuclei depends on the continuity of the nucleosomal fiber and interactions between nucleosomes. Disrupting these chromatin features by varying cation concentration, acetylating histone tails, or digesting linker DNA results in loss of nuclear rigidity. In contrast, the levels of key chromatin assembly factors, including cohesin, condensin II, and CTCF, and a major nuclear envelope protein, lamin, are unaffected. Together with in situ evidence using living cells and a simple mechanical model, our findings reveal a chromatin-based regulation of the nuclear mechanical response and provide insight into the significance of local and global chromatin structures, such as those associated with interdigitated or melted nucleosomal fibers.
Integrated Multimaneuver Dissection Technique of the Sylvian Fissure: Operative Nuances
Authors: Hafez Ahmad , Buçard João B , Tanikawa Rukoya
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Several intracranial pathologies require opening the Sylvian fissure to be approached, and they are traditionally accessed through the frontal side of the superficial Sylvian veins. The integrated multimaneuver dissecting technique (IMMDT) interchanges the steps with the veins still secured for safe dissection, but the Sylvian fissure is approached from the optimal, safe side with integrated techniques.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether the 1-way dissection of the Sylvian fissure converts to the more favorable and flexible IMMDT.

METHODS

The IMMDT for the Sylvian fissure was used on all our patients. The selected subjects (n = 3) had different pathologies, radiological data, and pre- and postoperative clinical data. These subjects were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS

The 3 patients presented with different pathologies necessitating opening the Sylvian fissure. The Sylvian fissure was not simple in all cases. In all 3 cases, the Sylvian veins and their branches were saved, as confirmed by postoperative images. The patients all had good neurological outcomes, with either stable or improved modified Rankin Scale at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that the IMMDT is a safe alternative to other ways of opening a Sylvian fissure composed of complex venous anatomy. The IMMDT aligned the fissure in multiple directions to the exposed trajectory, optimized its approach for a flexible, safe dissection, allowed the instruments to work into the Sylvian fissure, and facilitated exposure of the deep part of the fissure for the final dissection, all without scarifying any structure.