bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Intraoperative Computed Tomography during Deep Brain Stimulation Procedures: Comparison with Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bot Maarten , van den Munckhof Pepijn , Bakay Roy , Stebbins Glenn , Verhagen Metman Leo
Published: June 2017

Objective: To determine the accuracy of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in localizing deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes by comparing this modality with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Background: Optimal lead placement is a critical factor for the outcome of DBS procedures and preferably confirmed during surgery. iCT offers 3-dimensional verification of both microelectrode and lead location during DBS surgery. However, accurate electrode representation on iCT has not been extensively studied. Methods: DBS surgery was performed using the Leksell stereotactic G frame. Stereotactic coordinates of 52 DBS leads were determined on both iCT and postoperative MRI and compared with intended final target coordinates. The resulting absolute differences in X (medial-lateral), Y (anterior-posterior), and Z (dorsal-ventral) coordinates (ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ) for both modalities were then used to calculate the euclidean distance. Results: Euclidean distances were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 2.5 ± 1.2 mm for MRI and iCT, respectively (p = 0.2). Conclusion: Postoperative MRI and iCT show equivalent DBS lead representation. Intraoperative localization of both microelectrode and DBS lead in stereotactic space enables direct adjustments. Verification of lead placement with postoperative MRI, considered to be the gold standard, is unnecessary.
Marcadores inflamatórios como fatores preditivos para o efeito antidepressivo dos inibidores seletivos da recaptura de serotonina (ISRS)
Authors: Corradi Mariana de Antonio , Lisboa Amanda Barbosa , Fráguas Junior Renerio
Published: June 2017

A influência da inflamação na fisiopatologia da depressão e o papel da depressão no desenvolvimento de um estado pró-inflamatório têm sido apoiados por diversos estudos. O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM), principal diagnóstico de depressão, tem os inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina (ISRS) como tratamento farmacológico de primeira linha. Esforços têm sido feitos para identificar fatores preditivos da responsividade ao tratamento antidepressivo os ISRS. Portanto, esta revisão tem como objetivo avaliar a hipótese de que níveis basais de marcadores inflamatórios predizem a responsividade do TDM ao tratamento com ISRS. Métodos: Pesquisamos o banco de dados PubMed, incluindo as palavras-chave (“ISRS” ou “sertralina” ou “citalopram” ou “fluvoxamina” ou “escitalopram” ou “fluoxetina” ou “paroxetina”) e (“citocinas” ou “CRP” ou “TNF” ou “inflamatório”) e (“transtorno depressivo maior” ou “depressão maior”). Resultados: A pesquisa identificou 245 manuscritos, dos quais 12 satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e foram incluídos nesta revisão. A análise destes manuscritos sugeriu que níveis elevados de interleucina 6 (IL-6),  interleucina 1β (IL-1β), fator de necrose tumoral – alfa (TNF-α) e proteína C-reativa (PCR) na avaliação basal podem prever baixa responsividade da depressão ao tratamento com ISRS. Fatores de confusão como deficiência cognitiva, cronicidade e gravidade da depressão, subtipo melancólico, idade e sexo, não foram sistematicamente incluídos nos estudos. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão sugerem que níveis elevados de marcadores pró-inflamatórios na avaliação basal podem predizer baixa responsividade do TDM ao tratamento com ISRS. Estudos com controle adequado para fatores de confusão são necessários.
Síndrome de Plummer-Vinson: relato de caso
Authors: Cabral Fabiana Necer Ferreira , Silva Talita Cristina Cardoso da , Pereira Franc Jorge Sampaio Santos , Vieira Maxsuel França Cruz , Barros Júnior Platão de
Published: June 2017

A síndrome de Plummer-Vinson é uma condição rara, caracterizada pela presença de anemia ferropriva, disfagia cervical e membranas esofágicas. É mais prevalente em mulheres de 40 a 70 anos, de países escandinavos e anglo-saxônicos, de etiologia incerta, contudo há duas teorias que podem ser relacionadas à síndrome: a teoria da deficiência de ferro e a teoria da disfagia primária. A deficiência em ferro pode provocar mudanças no trato digestório superior, provocando anemia hipocrômica e microcítica. Já a disfagia colabora com a mudança dos hábitos alimentares dos pacientes, o que resulta em deficiência de ferro e outras vitaminas. Mesmo rara, a Síndrome de Plummer-Vinson necessita ser lembrada durante a formulação de hipóteses diagnósticas, visto que está relacionada como fator de risco para carcinomas espinocelulares do trato gastrointestinal superior.
Metahemoglobinemia durante a utilização de óxido nítrico em criança submetida a transplante cardíaco: relato de caso
Authors: Abreu e Lima Livia Rossetti de , Gallas Filomena Regina Regina Barbosa Gomes
Published: June 2017

Paciente de 7 anos, sexo masculino, portador de miocardiopatia restritiva relacionada ao gene BAG3 e histórico de hipertensão pulmonar com insuficiência tricúspede importante, admitido para avalição de transplante cardíaco. Após a cirurgia deu entrada na UTI estável mas evoluiu no 1º PO com acidose metabólica, choque refratário ao volume e hipoxemia refratária a manobras de fisioterapia. Os níveis de metahemoglobina foram dosados e o óxido nítrico foi imediatamente suspenso. Iniciou-se administração endovenosa de azul de metileno na dose 3mg/kg com melhora progressiva do quadro clínico. Os níveis de metahemoglobina eram 29,05 e 5,2 ao início e final da administração da droga, respectivamente. Conclusão: Metahemoglobinemia deve ser suspeitada em pacientes que utilizam NO. Níveis elevados de metahemoglobina no sangue podem ser incompatíveis com a vida. O tratamento deve ser instituído de forma rápida e eficaz.
Níveis elevados de transaminases em um caso de coledocolitíase: a importância do reconhecimento deste padrão
Authors: Ferri João Victor Vecchi , Silva João Peron Moreira Dias da , Oliveira Filho Umberto de , Bicca José Augusto Froner , Araujo Daniel Brito de
Published: June 2017

Relato de caso de uma mulher hígida de 34 anos de idade diagnosticada com coledocolitíase sintomática associada a elevados níveis de transaminases, sem doença hepática. Altos valores destas enzimas podem ocorrer na coledocolitíase sem outra causa de lesão hepática concomitante. Os médicos devem estar atentos a este fenômeno, a fim de se evitar investigação desnecessária e suas consequências.
Letter to the editor
Authors: Cormedi Marina Candido Visontai , Folgueira Maria Aparecida Azevedo Koike
Published: June 2017

Gastric cancer is an important cause of cancer death worldwide and in Brazil. Given the recent studies on this disease's mortality and survival rates in our country, we offer a view on future research possibilities.
Preditores de recorrência e progressão do câncer de bexiga: validação externa do escore de risco EORTC e a Classificação do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Machado André Torreão , Waksman Ricardo , Chade Daher Cezar , Cordeiro Maurício Dener , Sarkis Álvaro Sadek , Nahas William Carlos
Published: June 2017

Introdução: Classificações de risco baseadas em fatores preditivos de recorrência e progressão são essenciais para condutas no câncer de bexiga. Tabelas de risco combinam essas variáveis para uso clínico. As tabelas de risco da Organização Europeia para Pesquisa e Tratamento do Câncer (EORTC) são aceitas para esse propósito, mas nunca foram validadas no Brasil. Objetivos: Validar as tabelas de risco EORTC e criar uma classificação de risco baseada na população de pacientes acompanhados em um centro terciário de câncer. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 561 pacientes submetidos a ressecção transuretral (RTU) de câncer de bexiga superficial de fevereiro de 2005 a junho de 2011. As variáveis analisadas foram as mesmas das tabelas de risco EORTC. A regressão logística foi realizada usando SPSS. A análise da curva COR determinou o limite de tamanho do tumor. Resultados: As tabelas de risco EORTC não conseguiram prever recorrência nem progressão. Na análise para prever recorrência isoladamente, estadio T e tamanho do tumor previram o desfecho. O limite de tamanho do tumor foi definido em <4cm vs ≥4cm (AUC=0,61; p=0,001). Criamos uma classificação: Ta/CIS=0 pontos, T1=4 pontos, tamanho do tumor=0 ou 3 pontos. A classificação de risco foi obtida somando os pontos. A taxa de recorrência em 2 anos foi: escore 0=11,2%; escore 3=20,7%; escore 4=29,2%; escore 7=37,9%. Para prever recorrência e progressão, estadio T e tamanho do tumor previram significativamente o desfecho. A classificação em escores foi: Ta/CIS=0 pontos, T1=2 pontos, tamanho do tumor = 0 ou 2 pontos. A classificação de risco foi obtida somando os pontos. A taxa de recorrência em 2 anos foi: escore 0=17%; escore 2=28,6%; escore 4=40,7%. Conclusões: Constatamos que as tabelas de risco EORTC não conseguiram prever recorrência ou progressão do câncer de bexiga na nossa população. Portanto, desenvolvemos uma classificação de risco para auxiliar urologistas a individualizar as condutas por paciente.
Perspectivas sobre as estruturas não governamentais e a ação comunitária no apoio ao luto sadio em Portugal e o “Modelo Vivencial do Luto Sadio”
Authors: Rebelo José Eduardo , Lancman Selma , Batista Marina Picazzio Perez
Published: June 2017

As pessoas vivenciam lutos ao longo de suas vidas em decorrência de perdas pessoais profundas. A esmagadora maioria dos processos do luto são sadios, pois visam a superação da perda, por aceitação ou conformação, com a recuperação do homeodinamismo do corpo físico e mental. O luto pode ser trilhado com apoio formal, quando o enlutado sente a necessidade de partilhar a intensidade do seu pesar e os conflitos sentimentais emergentes e não encontra em sua rede de convívio a disponibilidade de uma escuta empática e sem censuras. O Conselheiro do Luto (CdL) é o especialista que presta apoio ao luto sadio em âmbito comunitário. Em Portugal tem sido dada atenção à problemática do luto, com a fundação de instituições não governamentais científicas, de vigilância social, de formação para o apoio e de ação comunitária. O Modelo Vivencial do Luto Sadio foi desenvolvido a partir da experiência do apoio ao luto comunitário português e é um instrumento indispensável para a atividade do CdL. Um breve histórico sobre o apoio formal ao luto em Portugal, as instituições que têm como objeto as temáticas do luto, o surgimento e atuação do CdL e o Modelo Vivencial é apresentado no artigo, apontando-se para a necessidade de ampliação da rede de serviços de apoio ao luto disponível no país, através da integração na rede de ação social estatal.
Efeito da massagem miofascial sobre a dor e a propriocepção pós-mastectomia radical
Authors: Zanon Débora Sanfelice , Pivetta Hedioneia Maria Foletto , Braz Melissa , Piovesan Ana Carla , Corraza Sara
Published: June 2017

Introdução: o câncer de mama, dentre as neoplasias malignas, tem sido o responsável pelos maiores índices de mortalidade no mundo. Diversos problemas podem estar relacionados à cirurgia, como a dor e as alterações na sensibilidade, os quais são responsáveis por uma maior tensão miofascial, que leva à diminuição na amplitude dos movimentos, estando diretamente relacionados à propriocepção. Objetivos: analisar o efeito agudo da abordagem indireta no tecido conjuntivo sobre a dor e a propriocepção de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia radical modificada. Método: a pesquisa é do tipo quase experimental com pré e pós-teste, composta por mulheres com idades entre 40 e 72 anos. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: questionário sociodemográfico; questionário Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Escala Analógica da dor e cinesiômetro para a avaliação da propriocepção. Após, as mulheres foram submetidas à aplicação da massagem miofascial. Para a análise dos dados, foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, sendo que nos dados simétricos, foi utilizado o Teste T Pareado, e nos dados assimétricos, foi utilizado o teste Wilcoxon. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 12 mulheres. Os resultados demonstraram que houve redução nas médias, o qual, estatisticamente, não foram significativos em relação à dor e à propriocepção, pré e pós-abordagem indireta do tecido conjuntivo. Conclusão: concluiu-se que não houve melhora da dor e propriocepção após massagem miofascial em mulheres mastectomizadas.
Adaptação transcultural do Questionário ABILHAND específico para indivíduos pós-acidente vascular encefálico
Authors: Basílio Marluce Lopes , Faria-Fortini Iza , Assumpção Fernanda Sabine Nunes , Carvalho Augusto Cesinando , Teixeira-Salmela Luci Fuscaldi
Published: June 2017

Introdução: O ABILHAND, específico para indivíduos pós-Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), é um questionário para avaliação de habilidade manual e foi construído baseado no modelo Rasch de mensuração, que permite converter escores ordinais em medidas lineares. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente o ABILHAND para uso no Brasil. Método: O processo de adaptação transcultural seguiu procedimentos padronizados: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas e teste da versão pré-final, para o qual foram recrutados 10 indivíduos. Resultados: A comparação entre a versão original e a retrotraduzida demonstrou boa equivalência entre as versões. O comitê de especialistas adequou a descrição dos itens às regras gramaticais da língua portuguesa e acrescentou uma expressão em um item, para melhorar a equivalência conceitual. No teste da versão pré-final, não foram observadas dificuldades de compreensão durante a aplicação do questionário. Conclusão: O ABILHAND-Brasil apresentou satisfatório grau de equivalência semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. Os resultados desse estudo viabilizam o uso do ABILHAND no Brasil, que pode se constituir em uma boa opção para se avaliar o desempenho de indivíduos pós-AVE em atividades manuais.
Ensino e aprendizagem da prática profissional: o caso dos supervisores de estágio do curso de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar
Authors: Beutel Paula Signe , Lourenço Gerusa Ferreira , Marcolino Tais Quevedo
Published: June 2017

Considerando que o supervisor de estágio assume papel fundamental na formação prática profissional, este artigo busca elucidar aspectos do processo de ensino da prática em terapia ocupacional no período do estágio supervisionado bem como dificuldades e necessidades encontradas pelos profissionais clínicos para desempenharem o papel de supervisor. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada pela aplicação de questionário online aos supervisores de estágios do curso de graduação de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal de São Carlos e análise temática dos dados. Os resultados indicam que as sete supervisoras participantes apresentaram questões similares relativas à preparação para o papel de supervisor; às suas demandas e dificuldades; e à avaliação da relação universidade-serviço. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para a discussão sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da prática profissional na graduação bem como para oferecer subsídios para reflexões sobre a capacitação de supervisores em terapia ocupacional.
Terapia ocupacional e oncologia pediátrica: caracterização dos profissionais em centros de referência no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Joaquim Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian , Soares Fernanda Brioschi , Figueiredo Mirela De OLiveira , Drumond de Brito Cristiane Miryam
Published: June 2017

O terapeuta ocupacional auxilia o paciente e a família a enfrentar e compreender o processo corporal e psíquico que a criança poderá passar a partir do momento que recebe o diagnóstico do câncer. No dia a dia visa melhorar a qualidade de vida da criança por meio de reabilitação, prevenção de sequelas, manutenção das atividades inerentes a faixa etária, além de proporcionar a (re)descoberta de capacidades e habilidades. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar os terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam na oncologia pediátrica do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal e com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A amostra se constituiu por 11 profissionais que atuam em instituições oncológicas. A coleta de dados ocorreu via internet, por questionário semiestruturado com questões fechadas e abertas sobre a formação e prática do profissional. Os profissionais participantes da pesquisa foram todos do sexo feminino, a faixa etária prevalente foi dos 25 aos 35 anos e a conclusão da graduação com maior incidência foi nos anos de 1980 e 2008. A abordagem terapêutica ocupacional predominante entre os profissionais teve como base o referencial da Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica. As intervenções dos profissionais preconizam o trabalho multiprofissional, utilizam as brinquedotecas como local de intervenção e trabalham com uma diversidade de materiais em diferentes tipos de atividades. O quantitativo de terapeutas ocupacionais foi reduzido apesar de existirem 101 instituições que oferecem o tratamento oncológico. O tipo de atuação descrita pelos terapeutas ocupacionais denota responder aos preceitos da política de saúde no cuidado integral e ampliado.
Entre Israel e a Palestina poderia haver um Mandela
Authors: Paganelli Magno
Published: June 2017

O presente ensaio pretende indicar a necessidade do diálogo e de abordagens conciliatórias em contextos diversos, tomando como modelo o processo de pacificação étnica ocorrido na África do Sul. A opção do presente autor contempla a situação de Apartheid no conflito Israel-Palestina como objeto e destaca apenas um dos seus inúmeros aspectos, a ocupação, propondo como paradigma no caminho para a paz a atuação de Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, Prêmio Nobel da Paz em 1993, em sua luta contra a segregação racial naquele país
A luta antissionista e o Mandato da Palestina: o movimento político árabe palestino sob controle britânico (1917-1937)
Authors: Salgado Neto Luiz
Published: June 2017

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir o movimento político árabe palestino que lutou contra o projeto sionista entre 1917 e 1937, considerando sua inserção na ordem institucional estabelecida pelo Mandato Britânico. A análise será centrada na atuação de um segmento específico do movimento político árabe palestino, os notáveis urbanos, que buscou combater o projeto sionista mantendo uma relação de proximidade com os agentes britânicos. Busca-se demonstrar que a atuação dos líderes políticos árabes palestinos foi complexa e heterogênea.
A paper Caliphate: understanding the Islamic State through its documents
Authors: Bercito Diogo
Published: June 2017

Um Califado de papel: entendendo o Estado Islâmico por meio de seus documentosO Estado Islâmico é uma organização terrorista que se distingue de outros grupos similares pelo estabelecimento de uma estrutura burocrática que projeta a imagem de um Estado. Este ensaio investiga documentos produzidos no Iraque sob o estandarte do califado. Esses documentos revelam uma administração que se impõe em um extenso território. Sua análise aponta para uma visão particular de governo apresentada como islâmica, que essa pesquisa compara com precedentes estabelecidos durante a história islâmica, enquanto traços de uma concepção moderna de Estado são evidentes.
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Himali Jayandra J. , Beiser Alexa S. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Pikula Aleksandra , Roubenoff Ronenn , Romero Jose R. , Kase Carlos S. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

Low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation in cross-sectional studies. Yet, prospective data linking IGF-1 levels to the development of ischemic stroke remain inconclusive. We examined prospectively the association between serum IGF-1 levels and incident ischemic stroke.

Methods—

We measured serum IGF-1 levels in 757 elderly individuals (mean age 79±5, 62% women), free of prevalent stroke, from the Framingham original cohort participants at the 22nd examination cycle (1990–1994) and were followed up for the development of ischemic stroke. Cox models were used to relate IGF-1 levels to the risk for incident ischemic stroke, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results—

During a mean follow-up of 10.2 years, 99 individuals developed ischemic stroke. After adjustment for age, sex, and potential confounders, higher IGF-1 levels were associated with a lower risk of incident ischemic stroke, with subjects in the lowest quintile of IGF-1 levels having a 2.3-fold higher risk of incident ischemic stroke (95% confidence interval, 1.09–5.06;
P
=0.03) as compared with those in the top quintile. We observed an effect modification by diabetes mellitus and waist–hip ratio for the association between IGF-1 and ischemic stroke (
P
<0.1). In subgroup analyses, the effects were restricted to subjects with diabetics and those in top waist–hip ratio quartile, in whom each standard deviation increase in IGF-1 was associated with a 61% (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.78;
P
=0.007) and 41% (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–0.95;
P
=0.031) lower risk of incident ischemic stroke, respectively.

Conclusions—

IGF-1 levels were inversely associated with ischemic stroke, especially among persons with insulin resistance.
Association Between Previous Use of Antiplatelet Therapy and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes
Authors: Khan Nadeem I. , Siddiqui Fazeel M. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Cox Margueritte , Xian Ying , Matsouaka Roland A. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Peterson Eric D. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E.
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

Although the use of antiplatelet therapy (APT) is associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), there are limited data on prestroke APT and outcomes, particularly among patients on combination APT (CAPT). We hypothesized that the previous use of antiplatelet agents is associated with increased mortality in ICH.

Methods—

We analyzed data of 82 576 patients with ICH who were not on oral anticoagulant therapy from 1574 Get with the Guidelines-Stroke hospitals between October 2012 and March 2016. Patients were categorized as not on APT, on single-APT (SAPT), and CAPT before hospital presentation with ICH. We described baseline characteristics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics and outcomes, overall and stratified by APT use.

Results—

Before the diagnosis of ICH, 65.8% patients were not on APT, 29.5% patients were on SAPT, and 4.8% patients were on CAPT. There was an overall modest increased in-hospital mortality in the APT group versus no APT group (24% versus 23%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.10). Although patients on SAPT and CAPT were older and had higher risk profiles in terms of comorbidities, there was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality among patients on SAPT versus those not on any APT (23% versus 23%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.05). However, in-hospital mortality was higher among those on CAPT versus those not on APT (30% versus 23%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–1.63).

Conclusions—

Our study suggests that among patients with ICH, previous use of CAPT, but not SAPT, was associated with higher risk for in-hospital mortality.
Association of Vegetable Nitrate Intake With Carotid Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Women
Authors: Bondonno Catherine P. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Prince Richard L. , Ivey Kerry L. , Lewis Joshua R. , Devine Amanda , Woodman Richard J. , Lundberg Jon O. , Croft Kevin D. , Thompson Peter L. , Hodgson Jonathan M.
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

A short-term increase in dietary nitrate (NO
3
−
) improves markers of vascular health via formation of nitric oxide and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Whether this translates into long-term vascular disease risk reduction has yet to be examined. We investigated the association of vegetable-derived nitrate intake with common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), plaque severity, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease events in elderly women (n=1226).

Methods—

Vegetable nitrate intake, lifestyle factors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined at baseline (1998). CCA-IMT and plaque severity were measured using B-mode carotid ultrasound (2001). Complete ischemic cerebrovascular disease hospitalizations or deaths (events) over 14.5 years (15 032 person-years of follow-up) were obtained from the West Australian Data Linkage System.

Results—

Higher vegetable nitrate intake was associated with a lower maximum CCA-IMT (B=−0.015,
P
=0.002) and lower mean CCA-IMT (B=−0.012,
P
=0.006). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors (
P
≤0.01). Vegetable nitrate intake was not a predictor of plaque severity. In total 186 (15%) women experienced an ischemic cerebrovascular disease event. For every 1 SD (29 mg/d) higher intake of vegetable nitrate, there was an associated 17% lower risk of 14.5-year ischemic cerebrovascular disease events in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—

Independent of other risk factors, higher vegetable nitrate was associated with a lower CCA-IMT and a lower risk of an ischemic cerebrovascular disease event.
Effect of Long-Term Vascular Care on Progression of Cerebrovascular Lesions
Authors: van Dalen Jan Willem , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Caan Matthan W.A. , Scheltens Philip , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Nederveen Aart J. , van Gool Willem A. , Richard Edo
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nurse-led multidomain cardiovascular intervention on white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression and incident lacunar infarcts in community-dwelling elderly with hypertension.

Methods—

The preDIVA trial (Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care) was an open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial in community-dwelling individuals aged 70 to 78 years. General practices were assigned by computer-generated randomization to 6-year nurse-led, multidomain intensive vascular care or standard care. Of 3526 preDIVA participants, 195 nondemented participants with a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg were consecutively recruited to undergo magnetic resonance imaging at 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 years after baseline. WMH volumes were measured automatically, lacunar infarcts assessed visually, blinded to treatment allocation.

Results—

One hundred and twenty-six participants were available for longitudinal analysis (64 intervention and 62 control). Annual WMH volume increase in milliliter was similar for intervention (mean=0.73, SD=0.84) and control (mean=0.70, SD=0.59) participants (adjusted mean difference, −0.08 mL; 95% confidence interval, −0.30 to 0.15;
P
=0.50). Analyses suggested greater intervention effects with increasing baseline WMH volumes (
P
for interaction=0.03). New lacunar infarcts developed in 6 (9%) intervention and 2 (3%) control participants (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–12.1;
P
=0.36).

Conclusions—

Nurse-led vascular care in hypertensive community-dwelling older persons did not diminish WMH accumulation over 3 years. However, our results do suggest this type of intervention could be effective in persons with high WMH volumes. There was no effect on lacunar infarcts incidence but numbers were low.

Clinical Trial Information—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN29711771
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN29711771.
Translation Divergences in Chinese–English Machine Translation: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Deng Dun , Xue Nianwen
Published: June 2017

In this article, we conduct an empirical investigation of translation divergences between Chinese and English relying on a parallel treebank. To do this, we first devise a hierarchical alignment scheme where Chinese and English parse trees are aligned in a way that eliminates conflicts and redundancies between word alignments and syntactic parses to prevent the generation of spurious translation divergences. Using this Hierarchically Aligned Chinese–English Parallel Treebank (HACEPT), we are able to semi-automatically identify and categorize the translation divergences between the two languages and quantify each type of translation divergence. Our results show that the translation divergences are much broader than described in previous studies that are largely based on anecdotal evidence and linguistic knowledge. The distribution of the translation divergences also shows that some high-profile translation divergences that motivate previous research are actually very rare in our data, whereas other translation divergences that have previously received little attention actually exist in large quantities. We also show that HACEPT allows the extraction of syntax-based translation rules, most of which are expressive enough to capture the translation divergences, and point out that the syntactic annotation in existing treebanks is not optimal for extracting such translation rules. We also discuss the implications of our study for attempts to bridge translation divergences by devising shared semantic representations across languages. Our quantitative results lend further support to the observation that although it is possible to bridge some translation divergences with semantic representations, other translation divergences are open-ended, thus building a semantic representation that captures all possible translation divergences may be impractical.
Does Psychosocial Stress Impact Cognitive Reappraisal? Behavioral and Neural Evidence
Authors: Shermohammed Maheen , Mehta Pranjal H. , Zhang Joan , Brandes Cassandra M. , Chang Luke J. , Somerville Leah H.
Published: June 2017

Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is regarded as an effective emotion regulation strategy. Acute stress, however, is believed to impair the functioning of prefrontal-based neural systems, which could result in lessened effectiveness of CR under stress. This study tested the behavioral and neurobiological impact of acute stress on CR. While undergoing fMRI, adult participants (n = 54) passively viewed or used CR to regulate their response to negative and neutral pictures and provided ratings of their negative affect in response to each picture. Half of the participants experienced an fMRI-adapted acute psychosocial stress manipulation similar to the Trier Social Stress Test, and a control group received parallel manipulations without the stressful components. Relative to the control group, the stress group exhibited heightened stress as indexed by self-report, heart rate, and salivary cortisol throughout the scan. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that reappraisal success was equivalent in the control and stress groups, as was electrodermal response to the pictures. Heart rate deceleration, a physiological response typically evoked by aversive pictures, was blunted in response to negative pictures and heightened in response to neutral pictures in the stress group. In the brain, we found weak evidence of stress-induced increases of reappraisal-related activity in parts of the PFC and left amygdala, but these relationships were statistically fragile. Together, these findings suggest that both the self-reported and neural effects of CR may be robust to at least moderate levels of stress, informing theoretical models of stress effects on cognition and emotion.
Comedic Modernism
Authors: Turvey Malcolm
Published: June 2017

Modern artists have long been fascinated with the pantomime, circus, and other comic entertainments, and since the late 19th century, many modernists have made use of the figure of the clown in advancing their avant-garde agendas. Turvey calls this strain within modernism “comedic modernism,” by which he does not mean humorous modernism, but rather the employment of the slapstick comedian as a subject and/or model in modernist theory and practice. Turvey accounts for the pervasive appeal of the clown to modernists by examining the European avant-garde's appropriation of film comics in the interwar period. He argues that comedian comedy's major conventions accorded with and sometimes shaped modernist innovations in this period, and that there was no single reason modern artists were drawn to the figure of the slapstick film comedian. Moreover, he suggests, most of the forms of assimilation of the clown by modernists were already established by the time they turned toward American popular cinema in the 1910s. Turvey identifies several features of slapstick comedy that modernists fastened on to: the de-psychologization and objectification of the comedian; the figure of the alienated, “sad clown”; incongruity in gags and narrative structures; the satire of the bourgeoisie and the carnivalesque leveling of social distinctions; the release of primitive, instinctual behavior; and the privileging of often rebellious objects. He then shows how Rene Clair synthesized some of these variants in Entr'acte (1924), the celebrated avant-garde short he made with Dadaist Francis Picabia, as well as some of his other more popular modernist films of the 1920s.
Frankfurter Slapstick: Benjamin, Kracauer, and Adorno on American Screen Comedy
Authors: Jacobs Steven , D'haeyere Hilde
Published: June 2017

Scrutinizing the writings by Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer, and Theodor W. Adorno and connecting them to specific comedy scenes and tropes, this essay explores the fascination for American slapstick comedies and comedians by the philosophers of the Frankfurt School. Although often critical of mass entertainment, Benjamin, Kracauer, and Adorno admired the way slapstick film elevated motion and speed to an art form that answered to the rhythms and dangers of an industrialized society. For these writers, slapstick's crude and anarchic humor and anthropomorphizing of everyday objects offered a means of resistance against the forces of modernization through ludic encounters.
The Chaplin Files, 1952
Authors: Wild Jennifer
Published: June 2017

This essay examines Guy Debord's and André Bazin's opposing approaches to Charlie Chaplin—both the man and his cinematic image—in the early 1950s. Jennifer Wild focuses on the notorious “Chaplin affair” of 1952, which gave rise to the International Lettriste and its eponymous journal. Looking closely at Debord's nascent strategy of détournement that wielded the power of negation as a political weapon, Wild reevaluates Bazin's metaphysical, humanist analysis of the cinematic image and the image of death whose theoretical purchase, she argues, develops at the expense of both politics and modernism.
What's So Funny? Laughter and Anger in the Time of the Assassins
Authors: Rainer Yvonne
Published: June 2017

Yvonne Rainer offers a witty and timely meditation on forms of humor—horrifying, puzzling, peculiar, droll—elicited by our current political moment, while reminiscing about comedy in performances at the Judson Church and elsewhere in the 1960s.
The Political Function of the Modern Lie
Authors: Koyré Alexandre
Published: June 2017

In this 1943 text, first published in English translation in 1945 in Contemporary Jewish Record, Alexandre Koyré analyzes the open conspiracy and its mechanism, which includes the necessity for the leader to constantly remain in the limelight and to ceaselessly deceive the rank and file among his supporters, and proposes to read totalitarianism itself as functioning like a secret society.
Morphometric variation of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) from different regions
Authors: Gao Wen-rong , Zhu Wan-long , Fu Jia-hao , Yang Tao , Wang Zheng-kun
Published: June 2017

Phenotypic plasticity is the capacity for individuals to modify their phenotype in response to environmental changes. For example, variation in external and cranial characters have been documented in some small mammals and can result in controversy over classification, which has been the case for tree shrews for decades. However, there are few reports about external and cranial character variation in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Here, such character variants of tree shrews were documented for 11 different sampling sites (Hainan, Daxin, Leye, Xingyi, Hekou, Kunming, Xichang, Dali, Pianma, Tengchong, Mengla) and for laboratory samples. The results showed that external and cranial characters of tree shrews significantly differed among regions, Hainan and Daxin populations were significantly larger than those of other populations, and Leye, Xingyi, Kunming and Xichang populations were smaller. The variation may be related to the habitat of tree shrews and our data may initiate new interest in morphological variants in small mammals. The presented detailed examination of the morphometric characters in tree shrews, and the exposed significant morphological differences among tree shrews, are expected to help in confirming their classification status.
Does relatedness influence the intensity of competition in Bufo gargarizans minshanicus tadpoles?
Authors: Yu Tong Lei , Deng Xiao Hui , Busam Michael , Song Yan
Published: June 2017

Kin selection theory predicts that mechanisms should evolve to reduce kin competition when this maximizes inclusive fitness. In this study, we tested these predictions by investigating the effects of relatedness on fitness-related metamorphic traits (e.g., length of larval period, size at metamorphosis, body condition and survival rate). We did this in a laboratory experiment by exposing individuals of Bufo gargarizans minshanicus to competition with full-sibling or non-sibling larvae. Although tadpoles seemed to grow slightly better in environments when their competition consisted of full-siblings than when their competitors consisted of non-siblings, these effects of relatedness on the growth and development were not significant. Therefore, we suggest that interference competition may be equally intense in in full-sibling and non-sibling groups.
Voluntary Additional Health Insurance in the European Union: Free Market or Regulation?
Authors: Calcoen Piet , van de Ven Wynand P.M.M.
Published: June 2017

Recent European Court of Justice (ecj) case law has highlighted apparent inconsistencies in ecj rulings on the regulation of voluntary additional health insurance. In 2013, the ecj upheld Belgian regulations limiting the operation of the free market by restricting increases in premium rates of additional health insurance contracts. By contrast, in 2012, an ecj ruling required Slovenia to repeal such restrictive legislation and not to hinder the operation of the free market. The objective of this article is to feed the discussion on the question whether and under what conditions free-market-driven additional health insurance in the European Union might be acceptable. We conclude that, provided that basic health insurance effectively covers all essential healthcare (essential healthcare services being broadly defined), additional health insurance could be regulated in the same way as all other non-life insurance.
Sea Level Rise and Impacts on Maritime Zones and Limits
Authors: Freestone David , Vidas Davor , Camprubí Alejandra Torres
Published: June 2017

As the oceans warm and ice melts, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ipcc) in its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) now predicts a global average sea level rise of up to one meter by 2100. AR5 also emphasizes that sea level rise will have “a strong regional pattern, with some places experiencing significant deviations of local and regional sea level change from the global mean change.” These predictions pose serious and possibly existential threats to the inhabitants of low-lying islands and coastal areas, and pose challenges for the international legal system to respond in an orderly and humane way to these novel situations. In 2012, the International Law Association (ila) established a new Committee to look specifically at these issues. This article looks at the work undertaken by the Committee to date regarding the law of the sea aspects of its mandate and identifies some considerations for its future work.
Practical Implementation Issues for the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol from a Korean Perspective
Authors: Cho Ah-Young
Published: June 2017

The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement that aims to share the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way. It is considered one of the innovative achievements of global environmental governance and is expected to generate new opportunities. However, the Nagoya Protocol has been described as “a masterpiece in creative ambiguity” because of its lack of legal clarity. The Republic of Korea, although it has not yet ratified the Protocol, has made considerable efforts to address the upcoming changes. The current legislation, which is one of the most important way-stations for ratification, is in its final stages. However, there are differences of opinion among government departments. This article analyses the legal and policy responses of the Korean government to access and benefit sharing, with a focus on marine biological resources.
Labor Standards in the eu-South Korea Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Gruni Giovanni
Published: June 2017

The European Union (eu) includes clauses on labor rights in free trade agreements with partner countries. One of these clauses was added to the Free Trade Agreement between the eu and South Korea. This article looks at the clause as an attempt of the eu to include labor rights in international trade law. The argument of the article is that the labor clause does include several innovative features which entrench the presence of labor law in international trade agreements. However, the clause remains mainly about political cooperation and struggles to define enforceable legal obligations on states. This is so because of the exceptions in the first part of the clause, the vagueness of the labor rights obligations and the lack of an enforcement mechanism.
Charting the Way Forward in the Aftermath of the Sewol Tragedy
Authors: Lee Seokwoo
Published: June 2017

Under the Government Organization Act of Korea, the following two issues could be raised in regards to the legal authority and status of the Korea Coast Guard: First, there is an issue involving a potential conflict of authority between the Korea Coast Guard and the Ministry of Public Safety and Security. Second, pursuant to the Government Organization Act, the Korea Coast Guard has characteristics of an advisory agency in providing assistance to the Minister of Public Safety and Security. However, the actual authority to direct and control local administrative government offices under the Korea Coast Guard belongs to the Coast Guard. This is a bifurcation between structure and actual work which can create gaps between jurisdictional duties and responsibilities.
Dredge Your Way to China?
Authors: Stubbs Matthew , Stephens Dale
Published: June 2017

This article examines five of the most important legal issues arising from Chinese reclamation and construction in disputed areas of the South China Sea. First, does the construction have any impact on competing territorial claims in the South China Sea? Second, does the construction affect rights to maritime zones? This involves consideration of the differing legal significance of islands, rocks, low tide elevations and artificial islands, the relevance of land reclamation and construction in this context, and the resulting implications for maritime zones including territorial seas, eezs and safety zones. Third, are there other legal consequences arising from the Chinese activity (for example, on environmental grounds)? Fourth, does the construction bolster any potential ability of China to impose an Air Defence Identification Zone in the South China Sea? Fifth, what is the significance – legally and practically – of the award in the South China Sea Arbitration?
Condominium Arrangements as a Legal Mechanism for the Conservation of the South China Sea Large Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Lim Michelle , Liu Nengye
Published: June 2017

The South China Sea Large Marine Ecosystem is one of the world’s richest marine biodiversity areas. The sea area is however the site of increasing tensions between its ten coastal States, six of which have competing claims in the South China Sea. The expanding populations and economies of the coastal States have also resulted in the growing depletion of the Sea’s rich marine resources. Coordinated approaches are needed to protect the unique biodiversity and natural resources of the South China Sea at the appropriate ecological scale. The continuation of sovereignty disputes are detrimental to all coastal states as well as international economic interests of non-claimant states which arise as a result of the Sea’s status as a globally important trade route. This paper urges coastal states to adopt a far-sighted outlook which ensures long-term sustainable ecosystems, livelihoods and economies of the region. To do this, a shift in approach which emphasises collaborative management of marine ecosystems is required instead of a scramble for sovereignty to exclusively exploit living and non-living resources. This paper therefore explores how the shared governance arrangement of a condominium could facilitate the exercise of sovereignty for the shared benefit of all coastal States. The paper argues that the condominium approach would enable State parties to put aside thorny sovereignty disputes in favour of collaboration to protect the area’s important and unique biodiversity.
The Arbitral Award in the Matter of the South China Sea between the Philippines and China
Authors: Moore Cameron
Published: June 2017

This article considers the implications of the Award for freedom of navigation and the use of force in the South China Sea, identifying the conclusions that can be drawn from the Award and the questions that remain. The Award also indirectly raised the question of the use of force to defend navigational rights. This article therefore revisits the Corfu Channel Case for the light it may shed on the use of force and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. This leads to questions of the danger of miscalculation and the potential importance of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (cues) in reducing the potential for miscalculation to occur. This article argues that the de-escalatory approach of cues may be the way in which States can assert competing rights without such action leading to loss of life.
First record of spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from Colombia
Authors: ARDILA-CAMACHO ADRIAN , MARTINS CALEB C.
Published: June 2017

The family Sisyridae (spongillaflies) is a small group of neuropterans distributed in all Biogeographic realms (Cover & Resh 2008). As in Nevrorthidae, Sisyridae is distinguished among other Neuroptera families by their strictly aquatic larvae (Wichard et al. 2002). The phylogenetic relationships of Sisyridae have been controversial i.e. the family was recovered at different positions within the Neuropterida phylogeny as a basal group among members of Neuroptera or whitin the suborder Hemerobiiformia with a very variable placement (Randolf et al. 2013). Currently the species richness of this group reaches 70 representatives in four genera, namely Climacia McLachlan, 1869 (New World), Sisyra Burmeister, 1839 (cosmopolitan), Sisyrina Banks, 1939 (Africa, Asia and Australia), and Sisyborina Monserrat, 1981 (endemic to Africa) (Parfin & Gurney 1956; Cover & Resh 2008).