bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applied Guattari
Authors: Doel Marcus A
Published: July 2015

The commentary unpacks the claim that human geographers have been zealous consumers of an ever-expanding array of French thinkers (Louis Althusser, Jean Baudrillard, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan & Co.), and that they have been far too hasty in seeking to apply the resulting morass of ‘French Theory’ to the pressing concerns of human geography. It also considers the claim that the work of one notable French post-structuralist thinker – Félix Guattari – is unamenable to such immoderate consumption, hurried digestion and swift application: not only because the delirious Guattarian ‘jargon machine’ spews up a vast amount of always already obsolescent nonsense in the very place that is ordinarily reserved for an accumulation of sense (good, bad and obviously all too common) but also because this jargon machine is basically inexplicable and essentially inapplicable. Having grasped the virtue of theoretical indigestion, thoughtful impracticality and resolute inapplicability, the commentary makes a final splurge of ‘Applied Guattari’ by way of ‘Applied Derrida’.
Reinventing the wheel? Or adding new air to old tires?
Authors: Fairbairn Madeleine
Published: July 2015

Brett Christophers’ nuanced critique of the concept of financialization provides a useful check on its exuberant adoption within human geography and other disciplines. While acknowledging the article’s important and timely intervention, I question Christophers’ overriding concern with financialization’s lack of novelty. Drawing examples from the financialization of land, I argue that the (undeniable) existence of historical parallels and prior theorizations does not automatically invalidate the term. Instead, the central challenge for researchers is how to place the current wave of financialization within historical context, acknowledging both continuity and novelty.
On ‘the limits to financialization’
Authors: Poovey Mary
Published: July 2015

This response elaborates the role mediation plays in making ‘financialization’ visible and argues that it is crucial to analyze the institutional and mathematical infrastructure of finance in any treatment of financialization. Together, these two points form a paradox: in a period in which media representations make it seem critically important to understand the world of finance, the technical mathematics used by financial theorists and practitioners makes doing so almost impossible for most people. Understanding the history of the mathematical models professionals use to make financial decisions must be central to an analysis of financialization.
Analysis of dynamics of politicized collective identity in post-Dergue Ethiopia: A sociological and social-psychological analysis
Authors: Hussein Jeylan Wolyie
Published: July 2015

The identity issues in post-Dergue Ethiopia deserve empirical and analytical considerations that may provide insights about how to deal with identity-based contestations and violence. This paper makes a sociological and social-psychological analysis of various dynamics of politicized collective identity in post-Dergue Ethiopia. It assesses the social-psychological meanings of the political and social processes, practices and structures that give rise to reconstruction and re-negotiation of identity and identity-based contestations. It focuses on the political, social and psychological dimensions of identity and identification processes. The paper draws on various research outcomes and theories of identity construction to explain the dynamics of identity processes and their implication for inter-group relationships mainly in the geographical margins of the country where such groups share natural resources and socio-cultural communalities. The paper critiques also the conceptual and ontological limitations of academic writings that participate in the objectification of ethnicity in their effort to forge the political, social, cultural and ethnic modalities predisposed to define the essence of identity groups.
The Discursive Construction of Race as a Professional Identity Category in Two Texas Chambers of Commerce
Authors: Shrikant Natasha
Published: July 2015

This study employs membership categorization analysis to illustrate multiple ways that race is constituted as professional identity in two chambers of commerce in a large Texas city. One of the chambers—the Asian American City Chamber of Commerce (AACC)—is explicitly defined in terms of race, while the second—the North City Chamber of Commerce (NCC)—is defined by a particular geographic area locally associated with being White. Analysis of naturally occurring talk in each organization illustrates how members of the AACC overtly discuss racial categories as professional categories. Members of the NCC avoid explicitly talking about race but do implicitly construct a White professional identity. Thus, racial identity and professional identity are constructed as inseparable identity categories in each chamber. Overall, interactions in the AACC and NCC tend to reproduce differences between “minority businesses” and “normal businesses”—understood to be White, but in which White race is invisible—thus contributing to a Texas business community in which Whiteness reigns as the dominant, invisible professional identity category.
Putting Safety in the Frame
Authors: O’Keeffe Valerie Jean , Thompson Kirrilly Rebecca , Tuckey Michelle Rae , Blewett Verna Lesley
Published: July 2015

Current patient safety policy focuses nursing on patient care goals, often overriding nurses’ safety. Without understanding how nurses construct work health and safety (WHS), patient and nurse safety cannot be reconciled. Using ethnography, we examine social contexts of safety, studying 72 nurses across five Australian hospitals making decisions during patient encounters. In enacting safe practice, nurses used “frames” built from their contextual experiences to guide their behavior. Frames are produced by nurses, and they structure how nurses make sense of their work. Using thematic analysis, we identify four frames that inform nurses’ decisions about WHS: (a) communicating builds knowledge, (b) experiencing situations guides decisions, (c) adapting procedures streamlines work, and (d) team working promotes safe working. Nurses’ frames question current policy and practice by challenging how nurses’ safety is positioned relative to patient safety. Recognizing these frames can assist the design and implementation of effective WHS management.
The Politics of Indigenous Social Science: Invoking a Lucknow Sociologist
Authors: Thakur Manish
Published: July 2015

A deep sense of ambivalence towards the Western social scientific categories has been a characteristic feature of the growth and development of social sciences in postcolonial societies. Indian sociologists, in particular, have frequently turned their critical gaze on the ethnocentrism of the Western social sciences. In fact, there have been extreme responses on the issue—from the impossibility of an Indian sociology to the calls for an Indian ethno-sociology. At the core of such responses is the contestation over one's approach and orientation to Western modernity. Against this backdrop, the present paper selectively invokes Radhakamal Mukerjee's axial concerns and analytical thematics with a view to demonstrate the general contour of a long-raging debate on the indigeneity question in Indian sociology.
Polarisation fields in III-nitrides: Effects and control
Authors: Ren C. X.
Published: July 2015

III-Nitrides are materials that have revolutionised the lighting industry allowing for the development of high brightness and efficiency white light emitting diodes (LEDs), enabling cost and energy savings at an unprecedented scale. However, there remain several obstacles to the further enhancement of the efficiency of LEDs, particularly for emission at longer wavelengths. The existence of polarisation fields as an inherent property of wurtzite III-nitride materials severely hampers LED performance. The origin of these fields due to the deviation from an ideal tetrahedral bonding structure and their relation to strain has been addressed in this review. The effect of the polarisation fields on the band structure of heterostructure quantum wells, known as the quantum confined stark effect, and its implications for the efficiency and spectral stability of LEDs have also been reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness and viability of several proposed methods of mitigating the harmful effects of the polarisation fields, such as the growth of III-nitrides on alternative planes, doping, strain engineering and growth of cubic GaN, have been addressed.
A fiscal job? An analysis of fiscal policy and the labor market
Authors: Bova Elva , Kolerus Christina , Tapsoba Sampawende J.A.
Published: July 2015

This paper examines the role of fiscal policies in the dynamics of the labor market. Through the lenses of Okun’s Law, we assess how fiscal policy instruments as well as fiscal consolidation and expansion episodes affect labor market outcomes. Using a panel of 34 OECD countries over the period 1985-2013, we find that fiscal consolidation has a sizeable, positive and robust impact on the Okun’s coefficient. This effect is particularly strong for expenditure based consolidations, suggesting that a reduction in the size of the government increases the responsiveness of employment to output and is not altered by an expansionary or recessionary position in the business cycle. Interestingly, we find no impact of fiscal expansion on the Okun’s coefficient nor for specific fiscal instruments.
Considering Student Voices: Examining the Experiences of Underrepresented Students in Intervention Programs
Authors: Gibau Gina Sanchez
Published: July 2015

Qualitative studies that examine the experiences of underrepresented minority students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields are comparatively few. This study explores the self-reported experiences of underrepresented graduate students in the biomedical sciences of a large, midwestern, urban university. Document analysis of interview transcripts from program evaluations capture firsthand accounts of student experiences and reveal the need for a critical examination of current intervention programs designed to reverse the trend of underrepresentation in the biomedical sciences. Findings point to themes aligned around the benefits and challenges of program components, issues of social adjustment, the utility of supportive relationships, and environmental impacts.
Investigating Undergraduate Science Students’ Conceptions and Misconceptions of Ocean Acidification
Authors: Danielson Kathryn I. , Tanner Kimberly D.
Published: July 2015

Scientific research exploring ocean acidification has grown significantly in past decades. However, little science education research has investigated the extent to which undergraduate science students understand this topic. Of all undergraduate students, one might predict science students to be best able to understand ocean acidification. What conceptions and misconceptions of ocean acidification do these students hold? How does their awareness and knowledge compare across disciplines? Undergraduate biology, chemistry/biochemistry, and environmental studies students, and science faculty for comparison, were assessed on their awareness and understanding. Results revealed low awareness and understanding of ocean acidification among students compared with faculty. Compared with biology or chemistry/biochemistry students, more environmental studies students demonstrated awareness of ocean acidification and identified the key role of carbon dioxide. Novel misconceptions were also identified. These findings raise the question of whether undergraduate science students are prepared to navigate socioenvironmental issues such as ocean acidification.
TNF Receptors Predict Hip Fracture Risk in the WHI Study and Fatty Acid Intake Does Not Modify This Association
Authors: Ing Steven W. , Orchard Tonya S. , Lu Bo , LaMonte Michael J. , Barbour Kamil E. , Cauley Jane A. , Jackson Rebecca D.
Published: July 2015

Context:

Chronic inflammation may increase the risk of fracture, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce fracture risk via down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine gene expression and other mechanisms.

Objective:

We investigated associations between baseline samples of inflammatory markers, TNFα soluble receptors 1 and 2 (TNFα-sR1 and -sR2), and incident hip fracture. These associations were then tested for effect modification by dietary PUFA intake estimated by a baseline food frequency questionnaire.

Design and Setting:

A nested case-control study was conducted among participants of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (ages, 50–79 y). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were constructed to account for the paired design.

Participants:

This study sampled 400 pairs of hip fracture cases and controls without incident hip fracture, matched on age, year of enrollment, and menopausal hormone use.

Main Outcome Measures:

Odds ratio of hip fracture by quartile of TNF soluble receptors.

Results:

The odds ratio of hip fracture comparing the highest to lowest quartiles was 2.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.79; P for linear trend, .048) for TNFα-sR1 and 2.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.34–5.99; P for linear trend, .011) for TNFα-sR2, adjusted for FRAX hip fracture score, nutritional variables, and selected factors impacting inflammation; there was a gradient of risk by increasing quartile in TNFα-sR1. PUFA intake did not modify these associations.

Conclusions:

Women with the highest levels of TNFα-sR1 and TNFα-sR2 had a greater than 2-fold increased hip fracture risk, independent of other fracture risk factors. These associations did not differ by high vs low PUFA intake.
Constellations of the Fukushima Problematic: Socialization, Capitalism, and Struggle
Authors: Kohso Sabu
Published: July 2015

This essay is an attempt to understand what has been happening after Fukushima 3/11 in Japan, in terms of capital's accumulation and sociopolitical formation, from the vantage point of global anticapitalist struggles.
Still-City Crisis: Fujisawa Eco-city, Energy, and the Urban Architecture of Crisis
Authors: Looser Tom
Published: July 2015

For some time now, Japan has been teetering on the point of fundamental, historical transformation. Neoliberalist contractions, natural catastrophes, and the nuclear disaster have contributed to an era of crisis that is local to Japan, while they are also an ongoing bellwether of global forces. As is happening elsewhere, Japan's construction of a new type of eco-city is being posed as a mediation of these varied conditions and forces; as a solution of sorts, it also promises to reorganize everyday life. Drawing on plans for the eco-city, this essay addresses the conditions of crisis and the implications for a restructuring of life now playing out in Japan. The focus is especially on a quality not always associated with globalization: stillness, both as an element of contemporary crisis, and of the possible life to come.
Feminine Aspiration, Feminine Malaise: Kirino Natsuo's Grotesque and the Tōden OL Debates
Authors: Yoda Tomiko
Published: July 2015

A much-publicized crime that occurred in 1997, the so-called Tōden OL murder case, has served as a significant node in the discussions on gender, sexuality, and work in postbubble-economy Japan. Critics have pointed to the female victim of the murder as an icon of feminine malaise, erupting amid an ongoing erosion of existing sexual contract in the society. The essay examines this construction of “Tōden OL” with and against Kirino Natsuo's fiction best seller, Grotesque, loosely inspired by the case. While Grotesque draws on and contributes to debates over the case, it also avoids invoking Tōden OL as a straightforward figure of feminine suffering and easy empathy. Moreover, the novel explores Tōden OL in relation to not only a gendered but also a classed subject position—an incarnation of values, dispositions, and proclivities of mainstream Japan that took shape not so much in the postbubble 90s but in earlier decades, during the heyday of the so-called general middle-class society (ichioku sōchūryū shakai).
Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) suppresses premature calcium release in mouse eggs
Authors: Bernhardt Miranda L. , Lowther Katie M. , Padilla-Banks Elizabeth , McDonough Caitlin E. , Lee Katherine N. , Evsikov Alexei V. , Uliasz Tracy F. , Chidiac Peter , Williams Carmen J. , Mehlmann Lisa M.
Published: July 2015

During oocyte maturation, capacity and sensitivity of Ca2+ signaling machinery increases dramatically, preparing the metaphase II (MII)-arrested egg for fertilization. Upon sperm-egg fusion, Ca2+ release from IP3-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum stores results in cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations that drive egg activation and initiate early embryo development. Premature Ca2+ release can cause parthenogenetic activation prior to fertilization; thus, preventing inappropriate Ca2+ signaling is critical to ensuring robust MII arrest. Here, we show that regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) suppresses Ca2+release in MII eggs. Rgs2 mRNA was recruited for translation during oocyte maturation, resulting in ∼20-fold more RGS2 protein in MII eggs compared to fully grown immature oocytes. Rgs2-siRNA-injected oocytes matured to MII; however, they had increased sensitivity to low pH and acetylcholine (ACh), which caused inappropriate Ca2+ release and premature egg activation. When matured in vitro, RGS2-depleted eggs underwent spontaneous Ca2+ increases sufficient to cause premature zona pellucida conversion. Rgs2−/- females had reduced litter sizes and their eggs had increased sensitivity to low pH and ACh. Rgs2−/- eggs also underwent premature zona pellucida conversion in vivo. These findings indicate that RGS2 functions as a brake to suppress premature Ca2+ release in eggs that are poised on the brink of development.
Otx2 is a target of N-myc and acts as a suppressor of sensory development in the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Vendrell Victor , López-Hernández Iris , Alonso María Beatriz Durán , Feijoo-Redondo Ana , Abello Gina , Gálvez Héctor , Giráldez Fernando , Lamonerie Thomas , Schimmang Thomas
Published: July 2015

Transcriptional regulatory networks are essential during the formation and differentiation of organs. The transcription factor N-myc is required for proper morphogenesis of the cochlea and to control correct patterning of the organ of Corti. We show here that the Otx2 gene, a mammalian orthologue of the Drosophila orthodenticle homeobox gene, is a crucial target of N-myc during inner ear development. Otx2 expression is lost in N-myc mouse mutants, and N-myc misexpression in the chick inner ear leads to ectopic expression of Otx2. Furthermore, Otx2 enhancer activity is increased by N-myc misexpression, indicating that N-myc may directly regulate Otx2. Inactivation of Otx2 in the mouse inner ear leads to ectopic expression of prosensory markers in non-sensory regions of the cochlear duct. Upon further differentiation, these domains give rise to an ectopic organ of Corti, together with the re-specification of non-sensory areas into sensory epithelia, and the loss of Reissner's membrane. Therefore the Otx2-positive domain of the cochlear duct shows a striking competence to develop into a mirror-image copy of the organ of Corti. Taken together, the work shows that Otx2 acts downstream N-myc and is essential for patterning and the spatial restriction of the sensory domain of the mammalian cochlea.
NSUN6 is a human RNA methyltransferase that catalyzes formation of m5C72 in specific tRNAs
Authors: Haag Sara , Warda Ahmed S. , Kretschmer Jens , Günnigmann Manuel A. , Höbartner Claudia , Bohnsack Markus T.
Published: July 2015

Many cellular RNAs require modification of specific residues for their biogenesis, structure, and function. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common chemical modification in DNA and RNA but in contrast to the DNA modifying enzymes, only little is known about the methyltransferases that establish m5C modifications in RNA. The putative RNA methyltransferase NSUN6 belongs to the family of Nol1/Nop2/SUN domain (NSUN) proteins, but so far its cellular function has remained unknown. To reveal the target spectrum of human NSUN6, we applied UV crosslinking and analysis of cDNA (CRAC) as well as chemical crosslinking with 5-azacytidine. We found that human NSUN6 is associated with tRNAs and acts as a tRNA methyltransferase. Furthermore, we uncovered tRNACysand tRNAThras RNA substrates of NSUN6 and identified the cytosine C72 at the 3′ end of the tRNA acceptor stem as the target nucleoside. Interestingly, target recognition in vitro depends on the presence of the 3′-CCA tail. Together with the finding that NSUN6 localizes to the cytoplasm and largely colocalizes with marker proteins for the Golgi apparatus and pericentriolar matrix, our data suggest that NSUN6 modifies tRNAs in a late step in their biogenesis.
An unexpected effect of TNF-α on F508del-CFTR maturation and function
Authors: Bitam Sara , Pranke Iwona , Hollenhorst Monika , Servel Nathalie , Moquereau Christelle , Tondelier Danielle , Hatton Aurélie , Urbach Valérie , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Hinzpeter Alexandre , Edelman Aleksander
Published: July 2015

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multifactorial disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR),which encodes a cAMP-dependent Cl-channel. The most frequent mutation, F508del, leads to the synthesis of a prematurely degraded, otherwise partially functional protein. CFTR is expressed in many epithelia, with major consequences in the airways of patients with CF, characterized by both fluid transport abnormalities and persistent inflammatory responses. The relationship between the acute phase of inflammation and the expression of wild type (WT) CFTR or F508del-CFTR is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate this effect. The results show that 10 min exposure to TNF-alpha (0.5-50ng/ml) of F508del-CFTR-transfected HeLa cells and human bronchial cells expressing F508del-CFTR in primary culture (HBE) leads to the maturation of F508del-CFTR and induces CFTR chloride currents. The enhanced CFTR expression and function upon TNFα is sustained, in HBE cells, for at least 24 h. The underlying mechanism of action involves a protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and occurs through insertion of vesicles containing F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane, with TNFα behaving as a corrector molecule. In conclusion, a novel and unexpected action of TNFα has been discovered and points to the importance of systematic studies on the roles of inflammatory mediators in the maturation of abnormally folded proteins in general and in the context of CF in particular.
Temporal order of RNase IIIb and loss-of-function mutations during development determines phenotype in DICER1 syndrome: a unique variant of the two-hit tumor suppression model
Authors: Brenneman Mark , Field Amanda , Yang Jiandong , Williams Gretchen , Doros Leslie , Rossi Christopher , Schultz Kris Ann , Rosenberg Avi , Ivanovich Jennifer , Turner Joyce , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Stewart Douglas , Yu Weiying , Harris Anne , Schoettler Peter , Goodfellow Paul , Dehner Louis , Messinger Yoav , Hill D. Ashley
Published: July 2015

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most frequent pediatric lung tumor and often the first indication of a pleiotropic cancer predisposition, DICER1 syndrome, comprising a range of other individually rare, benign and malignant tumors of childhood and early adulthood. The genetics of DICER1-associated tumorigenesis are unusual in that tumors typically bear neomorphic missense mutations at one of five specific “hotspot” codons within the RNase IIIb domain of DICER 1, combined with complete loss of function (LOF) in the other allele. We analyzed a cohort of 124 PPB children for predisposing DICER1 mutations and sought correlations with clinical phenotypes. Over 70% have inherited or de novo germline LOF mutations, most of which truncate the DICER1 open reading frame. We identified a minority of patients who have no germline mutation, but are instead mosaic for predisposing DICER1 mutations. Mosaicism for RNase IIIb domain hotspot mutations defines a special category of DICER1 syndrome patients, clinically distinguished from those with germline or mosaic LOF mutations by earlier onsets and numerous discrete foci of neoplastic disease involving multiple syndromic organ sites. A final category of patients lack predisposing germline or mosaic mutations and have disease limited to a single PPB tumor bearing tumor-specific RNase IIIb and LOF mutations. We propose that acquisition of a neomorphic RNase IIIb domain mutation is the rate limiting event in DICER1-associated tumorigenesis, and that distinct clinical phenotypes associated with mutational categories reflect the temporal order in which LOF and RNase IIIb domain mutations are acquired during development.
Analysis of the Emergencies in Russia, 2000–2014
Authors: Евдокимов  , Evdokimov V. , Кислова  , Kislova G.
Published: July 2015

Statistical data for 15 years on emergency situations (ES), fires and accidents on water is provided, and normalized indicators

are calculated. During 2000–2014, 8588 disasters were registered in Russia, which killed 14,826 and injured 5 million 841

thousand people. There were 5097 (59,4%) man-made disasters, 2786 (32,4%) natural ESs, 587 (6,8%) biological and social

ESs, and 118 (1,4%) major terrorist attacks. Local ESs count up to 4313 (50,2%), municipal — 2977 (34,7%), intermunicipal –

1069 (12,5%), regional — 191 (2,2%), inter-regional — 23 (0,3%), Federal — 12 (0,1%). Every day (1,58 ± 0,15) emergency

situations happened which caused death of (2,76 ± 0,25) people. The risk of being in ES (R1) in Russia amounted to (0,40

± 0,04) · 10–5, the risk of death in an ES was (1,82 ± 0,10) fatalities per year, individual risk of death in ES was (0,70 ± 0,06)

0183 10–5 per year. There is a significant downward trend in these indicators. The lack of continuity of representing even

basic ES indicators in State reports "On the state of protection of population and territory of the Russian Federation from

emergencies of natural and man-made origin" prevents their comparison.
Beneficial Effects of Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment on Adaptive Functioning in Infants With Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Lo Sin T. , Festen Dederieke A. M. , Tummers-de Lind van Wijngaarden Roderick F. A. , Collin Philippe J. L. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S.
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth hormone treatment on adaptive functioning in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) was assessed during a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and after 7 years of growth hormone treatment. In the RCT, 75 children (42 infants and 33 prepubertal children) with Prader-Willi syndrome were included. Subsequently, 53 children were treated with long-term growth hormone. Our study demonstrates a marked delay in adaptive functioning in infants and children with Prader-Willi syndrome, which was associated with older age and lower intelligence. Results of the repeated measurements show that the earlier growth hormone treatment was started during infancy, the better the adaptive skills were on the long-term.
European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Guideline: Treatment of chronic hypoparathyroidism in adults
Authors: Bollerslev Jens , Rejnmark Lars , Marcocci Claudio , Shoback Dolores M , Sitges-Serra Antonio , van Biesen Wim , Dekkers Olaf M
Published: July 2015

Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare (orphan) endocrine disease with low calcium and inappropriately low (insufficient) circulating parathyroid hormone levels, most often in adults secondary to thyroid surgery. Standard treatment is activated vitamin D analogues and calcium supplementation and not replacement of the lacking hormone, as in other hormonal deficiency states. The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with guidance on the treatment and monitoring of chronic HypoPT in adults who do not have end-stage renal disease. We intend to draft a practical guideline, focusing on operationalized recommendations deemed to be useful in the daily management of patients. This guideline was developed and solely sponsored byThe European Society of Endocrinology, supported by CBO (Dutch Institute for Health Care Improvement) and based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) principles as a methodological base. The clinical question on which the systematic literature search was based and for which available evidence was synthesized was: what is the best treatment for adult patients with chronic HypoPT? This systematic search found 1100 articles, which was reduced to 312 based on title and abstract. The working group assessed these for eligibility in more detail, and 32 full-text articles were assessed. For the final recommendations, other literature was also taken into account. Little evidence is available on how best to treat HypoPT. Data on quality of life and the risk of complications have just started to emerge, and clinical trials on how to optimize therapy are essentially non-existent. Most studies are of limited sample size, hampering firm conclusions. No studies are available relating target calcium levels with clinically relevant endpoints. Hence it is not possible to formulate recommendations based on strict evidence. This guideline is therefore mainly based on how patients are managed in clinical practice, as reported in small case series and based on the experiences of the authors.
Dnmt3l-knockout donor cells improve somatic cell nuclear transfer reprogramming efficiency
Authors: Liao Hung-Fu , Mo Chu-Fan , Wu Shinn-Chih , Cheng Dai-Han , Yu Chih-Yun , Chang Kai-Wei , Kao Tzu-Hao , Lu Chia-Wei , Pinskaya Marina , Morillon Antonin , Lin Shih-Shun , Cheng Winston T K , Bourc'his Déborah , Bestor Timothy , Sung Li-Ying , Lin Shau-Ping
Published: July 2015

Nuclear transfer (NT) is a technique used to investigate the development and reprogramming potential of a single cell. DNA methyltransferase-3-like, which has been characterized as a repressive transcriptional regulator, is expressed in naturally fertilized egg and morula/blastocyst at pre-implantation stages. In this study, we demonstrate that the use ofDnmt3l-knockout (Dnmt3l-KO) donor cells in combination with Trichostatin A treatment improved the developmental efficiency and quality of the cloned embryos. Compared with the WT group,Dnmt3l-KO donor cell-derived cloned embryos exhibited increased cell numbers as well as restricted OCT4 expression in the inner cell mass (ICM) and silencing of transposable elements at the blastocyst stage. In addition, our results indicate that zygoticDnmt3lis dispensable for cloned embryo development at pre-implantation stages. InDnmt3l-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observed reduced nuclear localization of HDAC1, increased levels of the active histone mark H3K27ac and decreased accumulation of the repressive histone marks H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, suggesting thatDnmt3l-KO donor cells may offer a more permissive epigenetic state that is beneficial for NT reprogramming.
Computer-Assisted Transgenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans for Deep Phenotyping
Authors: Gilleland Cody L , Falls Adam T , Noraky James , Heiman Maxwell G , Yanik Mehmet F
Published: July 2015

A major goal in the study of human diseases is to assign functions to genes or genetic variants. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans provides a powerful tool because homologs of many human genes are identifiable, and large collections of genetic vectors and mutant strains are available. However, the delivery of such vector libraries into mutant strains remains a long-standing experimental bottleneck for phenotypic analysis. Here, we present a computer-assisted microinjection platform to streamline the production of transgenic C. elegans with multiple vectors for deep phenotyping. Briefly, animals are immobilized in a temperature-sensitive hydrogel using a standard multiwell platform. Microinjections are then performed under control of an automated microscope using precision robotics driven by customized computer vision algorithms. We demonstrate utility by phenotyping the morphology of 12 neuronal classes in six mutant backgrounds using combinations of neuron-type-specific fluorescent reporters. This technology can industrialize the assignment of in vivo gene function by enabling large-scale transgenic engineering.
Water Based Inkjet Material Deposition of Donor-Acceptor Nanocomposites for Usage in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Penmetcha Anirudh R. , Zheng Chenyu , Collison Christopher J.
Published: July 2015

P3HT: PCBM nanoparticle based inks were fabricated using the miniemulsion technique [1]. The nanoparticles were characterized for their size using a quasi-elastic light scattering technique. The average diameter of P3HT:PCBM nanoparticles was found to be 52nm. The blending of the P3HT and the PCBM was tested using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy – it was found that the blend ratio of the nanoparticle can be controlled by varying the individual concentrations of the P3HT and PCBM in chloroform ("the oil phase") of the miniemulsions. Finally the P3HT:PCBM nanoparticle inks were inkjet printed onto PEDOT:PSS coated ITO substrates to form the active layer of the organic photovoltaic cell. Aluminum cathodes were evaporated onto the printed nanoparticle active layer film to form functioning OPVs. The best power conversion efficiency for one of these devices was 0.07%.
The Pragmatic Competence of Chinese L2 Learners of Different L1s
Authors: Xiong Wen
Published: July 2015

Research studies have shown there is growing attention on the importance of developing the learners’ L2 pragmatic competence. The article focus mainly on discussion how L2 learners of Chinese understand and use Chinese modal auxiliary verbs (Neng Verb Group) to achieve related pragmatic functions. It contains results and analyses from a quasi-survey of elicitation tasks designed for 70 college level Chinese second-language learners from three language backgrounds (English 19, Japanese 25 and Korean 26), all are at different Chinese language proficiency levels. The results show that the learners from different L1s have different patterns of Appropriateness and Replacement uses. There is significant difference between the learners’ Chinese language levels, which is there are significant differences between the basic level and the intermediate level, between the basic level and the advanced level, but not between the intermediate level and the advanced level. This “plateauing” provides insights from pedagogical perspective on how to interwoven the pragmatic knowledge into the language teaching.
The Characteristics of Chinese Grammar and the Grammatical Information in Chinese Dictionary for Second Language Learners
Authors: Feng Xu
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses the Configuration and the Presentation of Grammatical Information in Chinese Dictionary for Second Language Learners on the basis of two Chinese dictionaries: one is the Commercial Press Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese, the other one A Chinese Dictionary for Learners and Teachers. It emphasizes that the tagging of the sub category of Chinese part of speech should be considered in accordance with the characteristics of Chinese grammar. The features of rhythm restriction to Chinese syntax should also be included in grammatical information. It is important to make full use of the existing corpus for more suitable examples. It is also important to pay more attention to systematical consistency of grammatical tagging and the explanations of symmetrical words.
ESTILOS DE MANEJO DE CONFLICTOS, INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL Y DESARROLLO MORAL EN ESTUDIANTES DE GERENCIA
Authors: Villamediana Jenely , Donado Antonio , Zerpa Carlos Enrique
Published: July 2015

Esta investigación contrastó las relaciones entre estilos de manejo de conflictos, inteligencia emocional y desarrollo moral en estudiantes de gerencia venezolanos a través de un diagrama de rutas. Se empleó el Inventario de Estilos de Manejo del Conflicto (ROCI-II), el Inventario de Inteligencia Emocional (IIESS-R) y el Test de Definición de Criterios Morales (DIT). El modelo de rutas resultó parcialmente válido puesto que el estilo de manejo de conflicto integrador es predicho solo por el manejo de las emociones; esta predice también los estilos de manejo de conflicto complaciente y comprometido; la percepción de las emociones de otras personas predice la moralidad de principios y la percepción de las propias emociones el estilo de manejo de conflicto integrador. Se evidencia que las mujeres conocen mejor sus propias emociones pero las controlan menos que en el caso de los hombres. Se requiere mayor investigación para precisar el efecto moderador de otras variables sobre las relaciones propuestas.
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Competition for Water in Cotton
Authors: Berger Sarah T. , Ferrell Jason A. , Rowland Diane L. , Webster Theodore M.
Published: July 2015

Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in cotton production. Yield losses of 65% have been reported from season-long Palmer amaranth competition with cotton. To determine whether water is a factor in this system, experiments were conduced in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in Citra, FL, and in Tifton, GA. In 2011, infrequent rainfall lead to drought stress. The presence of Palmer amaranth resulted in decreased soil relative water content up to 1 m in depth. Cotton stomatal conductance (gs) was reduced up to 1.8 m from a Palmer amaranth plant. In 2012 and 2013 higher than average rainfall resulted in excess water throughout the growing season. In this situation, no differences were found in soil relative water content or cottongsas a function of proximity to Palmer amaranth. A positive linear trend was found in cotton photosynthesis and yield; each parameter increased as distance from Palmer amaranth increased. Even in these well-watered conditions, daily water use of Palmer amaranth was considerably higher than that of cotton, at 1.2 and 0.49 g H20 cm−2d−1, respectively. Although Palmer amaranth removed more water from the soil profile, rainfall was adequate to replenish the profile in 2 of the 3 yr of this study. However, yield loss due to Palmer amaranth was still observed despite no change ings, indicating other factors, such as competition for light or response to neighboring plants during development, are driving yield loss.
Fluoride Varnish Application in the Primary Care Setting. A Clinical Study
Authors: Rolnick SJ , Jackson JM , DeFor TA , Flottemesch TJ
Published: July 2015

Objectives: The study objectives were twofold: 1. To examine how an intervention to apply fluoride varnish (FV) in a primary health setting to all young, low-income children was implemented and sustained and 2. To assess the feasibility of tracking medical care utilization in this population. Study Design: The study included children age 1–5, insured through a government program, seen (7/1/2010–4/30/2012). Data on age, race, sex, clinic encounter, eligibility for and receipt of FV was obtained. The level of data in primary care, specialty care, urgent care and hospitalizations to assess feasibility of future patient tracking was also acquired.. Results: Of 12,067 children, 85% received FV. Differences were found by age (youngest had highest rates). Small differences by race (81%–88%, highest in Blacks.) was found. No differences were found by sex. Ability to track over time was mixed. Approximately 50% had comprehensive data. However, primary care visit and hospitalization data was available on a larger percentage. Conclusions: FV programs can be introduced in the primary care setting and sustained. Further, long-term follow up is possible. Future study of such cohorts capturing health and cost benefits of oral health prevention efforts is needed.
Self-Esteem and Oral Condition of Institutionalized Abused Children in Japan
Authors: Sano-Asahito T , Suzuki A , Matsuyama J , Mitomi T , Kinoshita-Kawano S , Hayashi-Sakai S , Asahito T
Published: July 2015

Objective: Abused children have been reported to have low self-esteem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dental intervention on self-esteem, oral condition, and concern for oral health in abused children admitted to a child protection service facility. Study design: We examined the oral condition of 65 children (34 boys, 31 girls; aged 2–15 years), instructed them in tooth-brushing. Self-esteem was examined using Pope’s five-scale test for children. Before discharge, the children completed questionnaires on concern about their oral health. Results: The findings revealed the reasons for admission were child abuse and neglect (n=45), domestic violence against the mother (n= 20), special needs (n=11), delinquency (n=7), school refusal (n=2), and other reasons (n=3). Thirty-five of the 65 residents (54%) needed treatment for caries. Of these, 24 (69%) were abused children and 11 (31%) were admitted due to other reasons. Mean self-esteem score differed significantly between the resident children (n=43) and an outpatient control group (n=102) (59.16±14.54 vs 73.92±16.81, respectively; p<0.01). Conclusion: Although the abused children had low self-esteem, after dental intervention, positive answers regarding oral health were obtained. The findings suggest that dental interventions might be effective for helping to improve the self-esteem of abused children.
Remineralization Capacity of Three Fissure Sealants with and without Gaseous Ozone on Non-Cavitated Incipient Pit and Fissure Caries
Authors: Unal M , Oztas N
Published: July 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the remineralization activation of the application of three fissure sealants (FSs), alone or with gaseous ozone (GO), on non-cavitated initial caries and evaluate the clinical success of FS. Study design: Sixty children who had DIAGNOdent scores between 10–30 on bilateral symmetric mandibular first permanent molars were included in study. In a split-mouth design, teeth were assigned to experimental (with GO) and control (without GO) groups. GO was applied to teeth on one side and then the same brand of randomly selected FSs was applied to the teeth on both sides. Children were divided into 3 groups based on type of FS (Group 1: Aegis {Bosworth Co, North Hamlin Avenue Skokie, Illinois, USA}, Group 2: Fuji Triage {GC, Tokyo, Japan}, Group 3: Helioseal {Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany}). All FSs were then examined for retention rates at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; at the end of 12 months, all FSs were removed with an air-abrasion device and DIAGNOdent scores noted to compare with the initial values. Results: The application of GO with either Fuji Triage or Aegis FS was effective on remineralization (p<0.05); however, the application of Helioseal FSs was not effective (p>0.05). The 1st and 12th months’ full retention rates of Fuji Triage FSs was a significant difference (p<0.05) from other FSs (Aegis and Helioseal) (p>0.05). Conclusions: GO+Aegis FS showed the highest remineralization; and, at the end of 12 months, its clinical success was higher than other FSs.
Treatment of Ectopic Permanent Maxillary First Molar Using a K-loop
Authors: Nam Ok Hyung , Ahn Hyo Jung , Kim Mi Sun , Park Jae-Hong
Published: July 2015

Ectopic eruption of permanent maxillary first molar can cause root resorption of adjacent primary second molar, thus leading to early loss of primary maxillary second molar. Therefore, it is necessary to correct ectopic maxillary first molar. This case report demonstrates that K-loop can be used as a simple, comfortable, and easier method to correct ectopic eruption of permanent maxillary first molar in existing severe root resorption on adjacent primary second molar.
Incommunicado......
Authors: Dawson Chester Sheppard
Published: July 2015

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Walt Whitman and the Week of Modern Arts in Brazil
Authors: Dawson Alita Sodré
Published: July 2015

In English Literature a significant change took place in 1798 originated by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge who in Lyrical Ballads broke with the reigning school of Pope and the spirit of the 18th century to achieve a new art freer in form and suited to the spirit of their time: Coleridge with poems of romantic wonder, Wordsworth with poems of nature and simple humanity. The new poetic tradition established by them and later romantic poets remained in authority in America until 1855 when the revolt of Walt Whitman, breaking away from the past, proclaimed a new age for America's poetry. Whitman considered himself - and was to some extent for his time - a literary radical, and as such he did not hesitate to write essays, poems, or utter remarks which among other things anathematized the poetry of his day.
The three MacBeths: fact and fiction
Authors: Radvan Jonathan P. J.
Published: July 2015

The Three MacBeths of this paper are, first, the real King of Scotland from 1040 to 1057; second, the character from Holinsheds Chronicles, Shakespeare’s source; and third, Shakespeare’s character in his eponymous play. This study examines the interrelationships of fact and fiction in the three MacBeths of history, chronicle, and literature, as well as significant changes made by Shakespeare in the interests of a more dramatic and politically acceptable work. Os três Macbeths discutidos neste ensaio são, primeiro, o rei da Escócia entre 1040 e 1057; em segundo lugar, o personagem das Crônicas de Holinshed, fonte utilizada por Shakespeare; e, finalmente, o personagem da peça shakespeareana. Este estudo examina as interrelações entre fato e ficção nos três Macbeths - o da história, o da crônica e o da literatura. Examina, ainda, as alterações significativas efetuadas por Shakespeare a fim de criar um texto mais teatral e mais aceitável politicamente.
The building of Macbeth's character through comparison and contrast
Authors: Costa Astrid Masetti Lobo , Gallo Elisa Cristina De Proença Rodrigues , Lobo Suely Maria De Paula e Silva
Published: July 2015

One of the ways in which Shakespeare builds characters in Macbeth is by using comparison and contrast. In order to demonstrate this idea, we have selected three characters, namely Duncan, Banquo, and Lady Macbeth, who will be analysed in relation to Macbeth. The reasons for the choice of those three characters acting as foils to Macbeth are: a) their relevance to the play as characters proper; b) the significance of their link with Macbeth; c) their presence in moments which can be considered turning points in the plot.
Errors in foreign language learning
Authors: Mello Maria da Conceição Magalhães Vaz de
Published: July 2015

In almost every study of adult foreign language learning one of the researcher's central questions is related to the extent to which the learner's native language influences his interlanguage.
Richrd Wright: a reluctant comrade
Authors: Torres Stela
Published: July 2015

Richard Wright's works have often been disregarded by scholars as a mere form of propaganda in which the writer pleads the cause of the Communist Party. We must admit, however, that although Wright poses questions in his novels and short stories which are political by nature (for instance, how can the black man as an oppressed, divided, unauthentic being participate effectively in his struggle for liberation from a racist society?), the alternatives he envisages seem quite unorthodox when considered from the standpoint of the Party lines.
Some remarks on comparative stylistics applied to translation from English into Portuguese
Authors: Vieira Else Ribeiro Pires
Published: July 2015

This paper was presented as part of a course on Translation Methodology given in the "II Encontro de Tradutores e Intérpretes de Minas Gerais" (Belo Horizonte, July 1982). It does not aim to be an exhaustive study of stylistics of either English or Portuguese, which would require a lifetime's work.