bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przedsięwzięcia prośrodowiskowe finansowane ze środków funduszy unijnych
Authors: Piwowarczyk Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

The EU promotes the implementation of pro-ecological solutions in the member states to restore the environment in order to improve the living conditions of the citizens. Co-financing for the implementation of projects supporting the protection of climate change is mainly provided under the Infrastructure and Environment Operational Program, as well as Regional Operational Programs and the Cohesion Fund. The aim of the article is to show how helpful measures will contribute to the improvement of the favorable environment.The dogmatic and legal analysis was used as the basic research method, which made it possible to select the extent to which EU funds support pro-environmental activities.
Konflikty interesów publicznych w związku z działalnością wydobywczą kopalń węgla kamiennego
Authors: Żurawik Artur
Published: October 2021

Mining activity remains crucial for protecting the state’s interests as a whole and ensuring its energy security. Coal deposits of various types are a national good, but exhaustible. On the one hand, they should be taken care of when running a rational extractive economy especially in the context of the constitutional principle of sustainable development, on the other hand, however, one should be conscious of possible conflicts of interests arising in the context of such activities. After all, extractive activity is not irrelevant either to the environment or to the various entities interests and these could be both individual and public. A particularly interesting case could be that of a conflict of public interests of the State Treasury and local government units, which are exposed to the negative effects of the functioning of mines. Similar conflicts ofinterests arise in relations between the European Union and some Member States, which base their energy security on coal. These selected aspects are the subject of this study.
Rama interpretacyjna w definicji leksykograficznej
Authors: Olechno-Wasiluk Joanna
Published: October 2021

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie definicji leksykograficznej w rosyjskim słowniku ideograficznym Мир человека и человек в окружающем его мире (80 концептов, относящихся к духовной, ментальной и материальной сферам жизни человека). Opierając się na charakterystyce definicji kognitywnej autorka przeprowadza analizę przykładowych artykułów hasłowych i bada zastosowanie w nich ramy interpretacyjnej. Analizowane hasła zestawiane są z reakcjami na konkretne słowa-bodźce z rosyjskiego słownika asocjacyjnego Русский ассоциативный словарь. От стимула к реакции. Autorka zwraca uwagę na to jak rama interpretacyjna porządkuje i organizuje wiedzę na temat danej jednostki językowej, a tym samym o pewnym fragmencie otaczającego świata.
Лексико-фразеологические средства создания экспрессии в медиатексте на спортивную тему
Authors: Ahapava Iryna
Published: October 2021

Данная работа посвящена анализу экспрессивных средств медиатекстов на спортивную тему на лексическом (стилистически окрашенная лексика, прецедентная единица, тропы и т.д.) уровне. В данной статье представлена количественная характеристика выявленных средств и зависимость использования этих средств от жанра текста.
Obraz Rosji w indyjskiej literaturze podróżniczej XX wieku
Authors: Rokicka Weronika Barbara
Published: October 2021

Obraz Rosji w indyjskiej literaturze podróżniczej XX wieku

Artykuł prezentuje przegląd indyjskiego pisarstwa podróżniczego o Rosji w XX wieku i analizuje ukazany w nim obraz tego kraju. Wraz ze wzrostem nastrojów antykolonialnych w Indiach Rosja stała się ważnym celem podróży Indusów. W 1930 roku dotarł tam noblista Rabindranath Tagore, a jego Listy z Rosji stały się klasyką literatury podróżniczej w Indiach i punktem odniesienia dla późniejszych relacji. Większość z nich skupia się na zmianach społecznych, kulturalnych i politycznych w kraju i ukazuje nowy system w dużej mierze jako przykład do naśladowania dla Indii. Niewielkie zainteresowanie innymi aspektami rosyjskiej rzeczywistości sprawia, że indyjska fascynacja kończy się wraz z upadkiem Związku Radzieckiego.
Central American Rivers as Sites of Colonial Contestation
Authors: Kane Adrian Taylor
Published: October 2021

In the introduction to Troubled Waters: Rivers in Latin American Imagination (2013), Elizabeth Pettinaroli and Ana María Mutis have argued that rivers in Latin American literature constitute a “locus for the literary exploration of questions of power, identity, resistance, and discontent.” Many works of testimonial literature and literature of resistance written during and about the Central American civil wars of the 1970s and 1980s as a means of denouncing and resisting various forms of oppression would support their thesis. In the 2004 film Innocent Voices, directed by Luis Mandoki, Mario Bencastro’s 1997 story “Había una vez un río,” and Claribel Alegría’s 1983 poem “La mujer del Río Sumpul,” the traumatic events in the protagonists’ lives that occur in and near rivers create an inversion of the conventional use of rivers as symbols of life, purity, innocence, and re-creation by associating them with violence, death, and destruction. At the same time, the river often becomes a metaphor for the wounds of trauma, which allude to the psychological suffering not only of the protagonists, but to the collective pain of their countries torn asunder by war. Arturo Arias’s 2015 novel El precio del consuelo also features a river as the site of state-sponsored violence against rural citizens during the civil war period. In contrast with Bencastro’s and Alegria’s texts, however, Arias’s novel highlights issues of environmental justice related to the use of rivers in Central America that continue to plague the region to date. In the present essay, I argue that these works are compelling representations of the ways in which rivers have become sites of contestation between colonial and decolonial forces in Central America.
Imagining Rivers: The Aesthetics, History, and Politics of American Waterways. A Conversation Between Lawrence Buell and Christof Mauch
Authors: Buell Lawrence , Mauch Christof
Published: October 2021

This contribution features a transatlantic conversation between Christof Mauch, environmental historian and Americanist from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, and Lawrence Buell, literary scholar and “pioneer” of Ecocriticism from Harvard University. Buell’s The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (1995) marked the first major attempt to understand the green tradition of environmental writing, nonfiction as well as fiction, beginning in colonial times and continuing into the present day. With Thoreau’s Walden as a touchstone, this seminal book provided an account of the place of nature in the history of Western thought. Other highly acclaimed monographs include Writing for an Endangered World (2001), a book that brought industrialized and exurban landscapes into conversation with one other, and The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination (2009), which provides a critical survey of the ecocritical movement since the 1970s, with an eye to the future of the discipline.
Inhabiting the River. Musings on Boulevards and Arteries
Authors: Jędrzejko Paweł
Published: October 2021

This introductory essay revisits the multidimensionality of the river conceived of as a system of "communicating vessels," both literally and metaphorically. Drawing upon fine arts, poetry, biology, and philosophy, the argument organizing this text presents the river as a non-human, albeit often anthropomorphized, subjectivity, and serves to remind the reader of the universality of the neverending flow of essence and thought. Moored to the tides, humankind depends on the flow understood both in terms of the circulation of the ever-changing matter, but also in terms of the circulation of values. A human subject, dependent on other (not necessarily human, and not necessarily animate) subjectivities, recognizing the importance of the river as a living artery and as a principal agent of change, re-discovers the necessity to adopt the position of stewardship rather than that of ownership with respect to the world-in-flux that he or she inhabits.
Abstracts and Notes on Contributors
Authors: Editors RIAS
Published: October 2021

Abstracts of the feature texts of the issue and biographical notes on their Contributors.
Errata
Authors: Editors RIAS
Published: October 2021

Erratum for the article: Hoover, Elizabeth. “Fires were lit inside them”. Review of International American Studies, 12 (1/2019), 11-44. https://doi.org/10.31261/rias.7391

The article "The Fires Were Lit Inside Them: The Pyropolitics of Water Protector Camps at Standing Rock" by Elizabeth Hoover, published in the Spring/Summer issue of Volume 12 of RIAS is regretfully missing a citation. Much of the history of the NoDAPL movement on pages 18-19 was drawn from a presentation compiled by Jennifer Weston, a Standing Rock Sioux Tribal member, educator, and language advocate who has been working tirelessly to inform the public about the Standing Rock Dakota Access Pipeline Opposition movement.
Doing God’s Will: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Life of Purpose by Larry L. Macon Sr. (A Book Review)
Authors: Kurasz Weronika
Published: October 2021

Weronika Kurasz's review of Larry L. Macon Senior's Doing God’s Will: Martin Luther King Jr. and a Life of Purpose. Saint Paul Press, 2019.
La fonction créative du stéréotype dans le récit bref en France au XVIe siècle
Authors: Pietrzak Witold Konstanty
Published: October 2021

In premodern literature, stereotype, called locus communis, had to play an important role inherited from Greek and Latin Antiquity’s rhetorics. In particular, it served as source of convincing arguments appropriate to discuss philosophical, theological or moral questions. The concept of common place has also found its use in short stories of 16th century. Firstly, in the realm of invention, when authors adapted narrative plots taken from written tradition; secondly, in the realm of elocution, when they employed topic images and sentences. The aim of this paper is to elucidate those two meanings of stereotype in French nouvelles published in that time.
DESIGN OF MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKER CONTROLLER FOR BOOST CONVERTER PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY MAMDANI LOGIC
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, J.Duair Jaaffar , I. Majeed Ammar ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, M. Ali Ghusoon ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the analysis for a proposed design of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) array solar system. Deploying a fuzzy Mamdani logic to track the maximum- power for the PV system when the atmospheric conditions are changed. The fuzzy Mamdani logic controller techniques have high efficiency, rapid response to new environmental factors, and are unaffected by circuit parameter changes. This controller able to adjust the duty cycle fed switching circuit of DC/DC boost to increase the output voltage of the system. By using a Simulink MATLAB, the system with the controller is stimulated and studied for different atmospheric conditions. We choose three irradiation levels of 1000, 800, and 600 W/m2 at a certain temperature of 25 ℃ and three values for the temperature of 20, 30,35 ℃ at irradiation level of 1000 W/m2 to calculate the efficiency of the algorithm. The extracted efficiency results are compared with the usual Perturb and Observe algorithm MPPT topology (P&O) for the same system design and atmospheric conditions. It was found to be the controller efficiency of the proposed algorithm is improved up to 99%. This improvement maximizes performance and reduces costs, provides adequate current and voltage, and minimizes booster losses, and improves booster reliability.
A THEORETICAL STUDY TO DESIGN A MICROWAVE RESONATOR FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, K. Abdulsattar *Russul , A. Abdul hassain Zaid ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Elwi Taha ,   Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Mammon University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a microwave sensor design for moisture detection contents in petroleum productions based on metamaterials. The proposed sensor occupies a compacted size of 40×40×1.6 mm3 by using low-cost FR4 substrate. The proposed sensor consists of a transmission line and two split-ring resonators (SRRs) mounted on two sides. The transmission line is coupled to the outer ring of the SRRs to provide two resonant frequencies at 1.03 GHz and 3.04 GHz. It is observed that most of the electric fields fringing is come out of the air gap on the SRRs. Two pans are mounted on the sensor to contain the sample under test (SUT). The simulation studies are carried out by using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio. After introducing the pans, frequency shifts, △f1=150 MHz and △f2=424 MHz, are detected in the resonant frequency which is associated with the perturbation phenomenon when the water concentration is varied from 0% to 100%. The proposed sensor exhibits a reliable detection percentage of various different amounts of the moisture content in crude oil introductions. Generally, a good detection methodology is discovered by applying the proposed sensor for detecting the crude oil quality productions.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Usaha Sambal Kemasan Bagi Usaha Kecil Menengah
Authors: Suwandono Purbo , Hermawan Dadang , Wicaksono Hangga
Published: October 2021

Program PKM ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi sambal di Dusun Leses Kabupaten Malang. Sambal merupakan salah satu unsur khas hidangan Indonesia. Ada bermacam-macam variasi sambal yang berasal dari berbagai daerah. Masyarakat kota Malang yang didominasi remaja dan mahasiswa baik dalam kota maupun luar kota Malang rata-rata menyukai makanan dengan citarasa pedas atau menggunakan sambal. Permintaan pasar akan sambal kemasan di kawasan ini semakin meningkat. Lokasi mitra Dapur Uni Amel berada di RT 04 / RW 09 Dusun Leses, Kelurahan Ngijo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. UKM Dapur Uni Amel yang dimiliki oleh Ibu Darnety ini telah berproduksi sejak tahun 2017. Mitra UKM telah berusaha untuk mengembangkan produksinya dengan menambah varian jenis sambal. Hingga saat ini ada 5 macam varian rasa yang berhasil diproduksi yaitu: Sambal hijau, Sambal merah, Sambal bawang, Sambal teri dan Sambal pencit.  Beberapa kendala utama yang dapat diungkapkan disini adalah kurangnya modal pembuatan produksi sambal, sehingga produksi dilakukan dengan skala kecil yang menyebabkan cash flow tidak terjadi dengan baik. Proses produksi pada mitra masih menggunakan alat-alat masak yang sederhana dan masih manual menggunakan cobek, yang tentunya kesulitan jika pesanan yang masuk banyak. Ada beberapa tahap dalam proses produk pembuatan sambal, dikarenakan ada beberapa varian rasa dan tiap varian sambal memiliki proses yang berbeda. Penyelesaian masalah yang dialami mitra melalui pelatihan peningkatan kualitas sistem pengelolaan keuangan UKM, pelatihan manajemen organisasi, pengadaan alat produksi yaitu mesin sealer plastik dan mesin penggiling sambal.
Pengaruh Jarak dan Sudut Tangan Dengan Sensor Terhadap Waktu Respon Penyemprotan Fluida Hand Sanitizer Otomatis Pada Mobil
Authors: Halim Burhan , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: October 2021

Pandemi Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) di dunia yang sudah berlangsung setahun lebih. Dibutuhkan berbagai cara untuk mencegah penyebarannya, salah satunya dengan mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun maupun hand santizer. Permasalahannya, hand santizer yang banyak beredar sistem kerjanya masih manual dan kebanyakan diperuntukkan dipasang di perkantoran atau tempat-tempat umum lainnya, belum ada hand santizer otomatis yang dapat dipasang di mobil atau moda transportasi umum lainnya, padahal di tempat tersebut juga potensial terjadi penyebaran virus corona. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendesain dan membuat hand santizer otomatis yang compatible dipasang di mobil dan menguji pengaruh jarak dan sudut tangan dengan sensor terhadap waktu respon penyemprotan fluidanya. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan mendesain dan membuat alat handsanitizer otomatis pada mobil. Mekanisme alat terdiri dari sistem kontrol otomatis dengan 3 sensor, yaitu sensor ultrasonik, sensor infrared e18-d80nk dan sensor infrared obstacle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa handsanitizer otomatis dapat bekerja dengan baik. Jarak dan sudut tangan dengan sensor berpengaruh terhadap waktu respon penyemprotan fluida handsanitizer otomatis. Seiring semakin besarnya jarak dan sudut tangan dengan sensor menyebabkan waktu respon penyemprotan fluida semakin lama. Fluida hand sanitizer dapat menyemprot secara otomatis pada jarak tangan dengan sensor 2-8 cm, dan sudut tangan dengan sensor 5-15 derajat. Pada jarak tangan 2 cm, waktu respon sensor paling cepat hingga paling lambat berturut-turut adalah sensor infrared e18-d80nk (0,11 detik), sensor infrared obstacle (0,18 detik) dan sensor ultrasonik (0,46 detik). Pada sudut tangan 5 derajat ke bawah di depan sensor waktu respon sensor paling cepat hingga paling lambat berturut-turut adalah sensor infrared e18-d80nk (0,10 detik), sensor infrared obstacle (0,24 detik), dan sensor ultrasonik (0,44 detik).
Septic arthritis due to Mycoplasma orale in a young patient with hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Liu Aaron C , Harvey Melissa , Lee Alison , Hildebrand Kyla , Hoang Linda , Gantt Soren , Al-Rawahi Ghada N
Published: October 2021

Mycoplasma orale is an obligate intracellular bacterium usually found as a commensal in the human oral cavity. Symptomatic infections with this organism are rare, but severe disease has been described in the setting of impaired humoral immunity. Here, we describe a case in which M. orale was identified from the joint fluid of a patient with septic arthritis, splenic lesions, and agammaglobulinemia. A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with fever, progressive left knee swelling, and pain. His medical history was significant for Burkitt’s lymphoma, the treatment of which had included rituximab 6 years earlier. M. orale was identified in the synovial fluid using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. He was also found to be hypogammaglobulinemic, and imaging revealed multiple splenic lesions. He was treated with doxycycline and intravenous immunoglobulin, which resulted in complete resolution of his arthritis and other symptoms. Mycoplasma species should be suspected in patients with humoral immunodeficiency and compatible findings.
Remedial consistency in private law
Authors: Jaffey Peter
Published: October 2021

This article is concerned with the concept of ‘remedial consistency,’ the consistency of remedial rights with primary rights in the sense I explain. I argue that the requirement of remedial consistency has important implications across private law. It suggests that the ‘continuity thesis’ does not provide a justification for the right to compensation for a wrong, and I argue that rights to compensation are not generally based on wrongdoing. I also consider whether the absence of a right to specific performance is consistent with the existence of a duty of performance, and I discuss the need for alternative remedies to be mutually consistent. I also discuss the implications of remedial consistency for the concept of unjust enrichment, and I argue on the basis of remedial consistency for the general availability of proprietary claims for invalid transfers.
Sağlık Çalışanlarında Duygusal Emek Gösterimlerine İlişkin Çok Değişkenli Bir Araştırma: Bursa Örneği
Authors: EZİLMEZ Bilal , EROĞLU Umut
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, duygusal emek gösterim stratejilerini şekillendiren öncülleri ve bu gösterim stratejilerinin sonuçlarını analiz etmektir. Hipotezler, yapısal denklem modeli kullanılarak Lisrel programı ile test edilmiş ve Anova ve t-testleri de gerekli faktör analizleri yapılmıştır. Sağlık çalışanlarının duygusal gösterim stratejilerinden derin duygusal emek gösteriminin, araştırma değişkenlerinden sadece duygusal tükenmişlik dışındaki diğer tüm değişkenlerle anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Dindarlık değişkeninin derin duygusal emek gösterimlerini olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Duygusal tükenmişliğin duygusal emek davranışlarının performansına aracılık etkisi de diğer bir sonuçtur.
Dexmedetomidine as an Anaesthetic Adjunct in Patients Undergoing Elective Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Virmani Sanjula , Virmani Sanjula , Datt Vishnu , Joshi C S , Minhas Harpreet Singh , Satyarthi Subodh , Mallik Indira
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the hemodynamic profile of dexmedetomidine during induction and distal anastomosis of coronary arteries in patients undergoing OPCAB in comparison to the institutional practice of using midazolam.
Methods: In Group I, (n=25) patients were anaesthetised using fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, Isoflurane and midazolam. Group II (n=25) patients received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine infusion (1µg/Kg) over 10 minutes followed by an infusion of dexmedetomidine at the rate of 0.6 µg/Kg/hour, along with fentanyl, Pancuronium bromide and isoflurane. Heart rate (HR) mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary artery (PA) catheter derived data and BIS were recorded at baseline, at 1 and 3 minutes after induction, at 1, 3 and 5 minutes after intubation, and at 5 and 30 minutes after protamine administration. MAP and HR were recorded every 10 min during the operation, except during distal anastomosis of the coronary arteries when it was recorded every 5 minutes after application of the Octopus tissue stabilising system.
Results: The intubation response by way of increase in HR was much less in group II and stabilized by 5 min after intubation. The accompanying hypotension at 1 minute after induction was more in group II, but it was clinically acceptable (81.68±21.74 mm Hg). During distal graft anastomoses HR was in the range of 68 beats/min to 85 beats/min in group II vs. 85 beats/min to 100 beats/min in Group I. The MAP was lower in this group during the distal anastomosis, but it was within clinically acceptable range (> 65 mm Hg).
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a viable option as an anaesthetic adjunct in a loading dose of 1µg/Kg followed by an infusion of 0.6 µg/Kg. Future studies will be necessary to show if this provides any outcome benefits.
Transitivity Analysis of Pakistan's Code of Civil Procedure 1908: A Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Usmani Saadat Hasan Akhtar , Afsar Ayaz
Published: October 2021

The language of law is complex and needs to be investigated to facilitate its easy understanding. The present study addresses this need by analyzing a mini-corpus comprising two short texts taken from Pakistan's Code of Civil Procedure 1908 and the U.K.'s Civil Procedure Rules 1998 with Halliday's ideational metafunction, which is suited for analyzing procedural texts (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). The study identified the transitivity patterns in the mini corpus. The findings showed simpler construction of processes in the U.K. civil procedure text sample as compared to Pakistan's Civil Procedure text sample, whereas the analysis showed a similar complex construction of nominal phrases in both texts. The study is expected to contribute toward an easy understanding of legal language. It is also hoped that this study will promote further research in this important area with pedagogical implications.
Implications of Reforms for Erstwhile FATA: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Nasrullah Muhammad , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: October 2021

The FATA reform process is not a one-time exercise that could be completed through certain legal and administrative action but is a multi-dimensional process with short, medium and longer-term dimensions. The government has set up an 11-member task force to speed up the implementation process and pay special attention to the proposed legal reforms, FATA’s development and the security mainstreaming of FATA. To oversee this process, a high-powered National Implementation Committee, set up in 2017, is tasked to regularly review the progress of the FATA reform on the basis of periodical reports of the Task Force. The proposed reforms packages, besides envisaging reforms at different spheres, also aims to bring bringing about brighter socio-economic prospects to the tribal areas. It could be said that the reforms are also pivoted around boosting the socio-economic status of the tribal people. This paper presents a critical analysis of the merger plan and also critically examines the implications of reforms for FATA.
Rights of Transgender Persons: An Analytical Study of Sharia
Authors: Naseem Fozia , Hamzah Muhammad , Shah Syed Muhammad Najam Ameer
Published: October 2021

Transgender persons are found in almost every society; these people were present in Medina state and had been found in Arab cities and societies even before Islam. In Arab societies, they were treated as slaves, and it was their only status at that time in those societies. Comparative research has been done in this article on how different societies, civilizations and cultures of the world consider transgender persons as the curse of God. During the period of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Transgender was given the title “Guardians of Harem”, and they used to guard the harems (the place where women and children reside) of the Muslim elites. These persons enjoy the rights of male or female and are bound to obey the directions and commands, which are for a male Muslim and female Muslim. This is a medical disability, just like any other disability and nothing else. In many other societies, civilizations and religions of the world, transgender persons have been deprived of their true status and have been humiliated.
Child Protection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Brief Review of the Child Protection and Welfare Act, 2010
Authors: Ali Hussain , Ali Ashraf , Shah Muzammil
Published: October 2021

Child protection is the prevention and response to child violence and abuse, including illegal child engagement in labor, within and outside the country trafficking, sexual abuse of children and child rights violation due to customary laws. The Pakistani state adopted and is the signatory to various international documents and instruments. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government in the year 2010 passed a law entitled; Child Protection and Welfare Act for children rights protection in the province. In the present research study, the researchers reviewed systematically various international documents and instruments as well as the provincial government child protection law. Pakistani state adopted various documents and signed international instruments for child protection. For the protection of children, units are established in all most all the districts in the province under the act. The research study highlighted that a strong reporting and referral mechanism is required about the abused children in the province.
The Importance of Exercise Therapy in Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Lungs Cancer Patients
Authors: Shehzad Farooq , Begum Amreena , Muhammad Bashir
Published: October 2021

The study titled “The Importance of Exercise Therapy in Rehabilitation of Lungs Cancer Patients: An Analysis of The Patients Through Exercise Therapy” was conducted in Shaukat Khanam Memorial Hospital and Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The data were collected on exercise therapy (independent variables) and Pulmonary Rehabilitation of lungs cancer (dependent variable). Whereas the Chi- square test was used to test the association among the study variables. The association of pulmonary rehabilitation was found highly significant with regular exercise increases exercise tolerance (P=0.000,) recreational physical activities enhance disease tolerance (P=0.000), physical exercise improves the better health condition of the victims (P=0.003), physical exercise-based rehabilitation improves life expectancy (P=0.022), the universe for the present study was Shaukat Khanam Memorial Hospital and Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample size of 152 respondents was selected through a simple random sampling procedure. The main aim of therapy is to reduce the severity of the disease, which in turn would lead to proper rehabilitation and the rest of the patients was suggested as policy recommendation.
Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics
Authors: Qurban Shafiq , Ali Rubina
Published: October 2021

The sectarian violence got the moment during Zia's reign when the Deobandi sect created violent militant groups as Sipah-e- Sahaba and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. In contrast, the Shia sect created Sipah-i-Mohammad Pakistan under the banner of the Afghan Jihad. Both Deobandi and Shia sects had ignited the violent clashes, which led to many innocent people's massacre. This moment of violent clashes was continued during the reigns of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, wherein the governments had ignored the violent activities of both religious factions. However, the incident of 9/11 had changed the dynamics of this violent conflict when the Musharraf government banned all militant groups for overcoming the extremism. This paper explores the polarization among the Deobandi and the Shias and their influence on Pakistan's national security. This paper suggests that the government should scrutinize all madrassas' curricula by removing hatred materials from the scheme of madrassas' study.
Slave Streets, Free Streets: Visualizing the Landscape of Early Baltimore
Authors: Rubin Anne Sarah
Published: October 2021

This article explores some of the possibilities and challenges of reconstructing the physical world of Early Republic Baltimore. Drawing on *Visualizing Early Baltimore*, a detailed visualization of Baltimore city following the war of 1812, "Slave Streets, Free Streets" asks readers to think about where the city's free blacks and enslaved workers lived and worked, and how space could be both integrated and segregated. Our research shows that blacks and whites lived in close proximity, but not necessarily in the same kinds of housing or on the same streets. Mapping also shows that the actual buying and selling of individuals, in the absence of a centralized market, took place all over the city, making it literally impossible for residents, both black and white, to avoid. This article illuminates the lives of ordinary people even as it acknowledges the limits of our ability to recreate the past.
“Recognized Leader of the German Opposition?” Mission of the Württemberg Envoy at the Bundestag Karl August von Wangenheim in 1817–1823
Authors: Datsenko Pavel
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the diplomatic activities of Baron Karl August von Wangenheim, who served as the envoy of Württemberg in the Bundestag of the German Confederation in 1817–1823. During those years, when a positive attitude towards the German Union was gradually replaced by disappointment and scepticism, von Wangenheim consistently defended the existing “unionist” model and advocated its development in federal and constitutional directions, in many respects consonant with the requirements of national and liberal movements. The examination of Von Wangenheim's ideas presented in this article is based on his writings, personal letters, and diplomatic documents, in which he outlined both the general concept of Germany's development and specific measures to that end. Their implementation contradicted the protective course of K. von Metternich. The conflict between the two politicians is presented in the article through the case studies of several of its most striking manifestations: the issues of expanding the powers of the federal institutions, the widespread introduction of constitutions, and the creation of a federal army. The author pays special attention to the theoretical and philosophical foundations of von Wangenheim's programme: his liberal constitutionalist model and the theory of the “German triad” as the most balanced form of interaction between German states on different levels. Considering the main factors of the defeat of von Wangenheim's projects, the author notes that the main difficulty for von Wangenheim was not only the resistance of the all-powerful Austrian chancellor but also the lack of trust between the German states, as well as the ambitious foreign policy of the Württemberg king William I, which provoked a diplomatic crisis in the early 1820s that led to the resignation of von Wangenheim and his associates in the Bundestag and, as a consequence, to the preservation of the German Confederation in a weak form that did not meet its original goals.
Diplomat Aleksandr Gavrilovich Golovkin: New Touches to Biographical Portrait
Authors: Shatokhina-Mordvintseva Galina
Published: October 2021

Aleksandr Gavrilovich Golovkin (1688–1760) is a famous Russian diplomat of the first half of the XVIII century. His name is associated with a number of prominent pages in the history of bilateral relations of Russia with Prussia, France and most important – with the Republic of United Provinces, to which A. Golovkin was Ambassador Plenipotentiary for almost thirty years. However, today both Russian and foreign historiography is lacking substantial pieces of research dedicated to A. Golovkin. Up to the present moment biography, compiled by the diplomat himself in 1756 for a questionnaire of high-ranking state officials ordered by the Emperor’s decree, and a short section in the Memoireswritten by A. Golovkin’s grandson are the only scarce available pieces of information to build upon. The Ambassador perished in the Netherlands. Thus, family archive documents for a period encompassing more than two centuries ended up scattered among numerous private collections of his descendants settled abroad. The ambassador’s wife was Catherine Henriette von Dona of an ancient Saxon family.  This article strives to enrich A. Golovkin’s biography with yet unknown facts about his family ties with aristocratic houses of Europe, in particular with the Orange-Nassau dynasty, as well as to show the diplomat’s status among high-ranking officials of Russia in the middle of the XVIII century, what property he owned and what contributed to his long and successful service in the system of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs foreign missions.
The look into Ambassador A. Golovkin’s personality is, first of all, designed to encourage the interest of researchers in his invaluable legacy – diplomatic correspondence stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire.
Baron Alexander Stroganov’s Mission to Vienna (1761): Dynastic Policy and Symbolic Communication
Authors: Khavanova Olga
Published: October 2021

The article is based on the materials from Russian and Austrian archives and devoted to lesser-known circumstances of the preparation and course of the 1761 diplomatic mission of Baron A.S. Stroganov to Vienna on the occasion of the wedding of the heir to the throne, Archduke Joseph, with Isabella of Parma. The embassy is considered in the context of symbolic communication through ceremonial gestures between St. Petersburg and Vienna. It emphasised the particularly friendly nature of the relationship between the two dynasties and two courts, not only united by a bilateral treaty and membership in the anti-Prussian alliance during the Seven Years War but also symbolically related as godparents. A.S. Stroganov was a young aristocrat without proper experience in the field of diplomacy and of the modest court rank of Kammer-Junker. The appointment was explained by his kinship with Chancellor M.I. Vorontsov whose daughter Anna officially accompanied her husband on the trip. The imperial ambassador to St. Petersburg Count Nicolaus Esterházy spared no effort to smooth over the awkwardness and find benevolent patrons for the young couple in Vienna. European education and the exceptional personal qualities of the ambassador allowed A. Stroganov to fulfil the commission with honour and receive the title of a Count of the Holy Roman Empire from Emperor Francis I as a reward. The embassy became the last page in the history of relations between St. Petersburg and Vienna on the eve of the break of bilateral relations and Russia’s withdrawal from the Seven Years War in 1762.
K.V. Nesselrode and Ch.-A. Pozzo di Borgo: a Diplomatic Tandem
Authors: Tanjshina Natalya
Published: October 2021

Based on the documents preserved in the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the private correspondence between Karl Nesselrode, the head of the Foreign Policy Department, and ambassador Carlo Pozzo di Borgo and the main milestones of their biographies are analyzed through the prism of their joint activities in the field of foreign policy. Their epistolary heritage is very extensive. A comparative analysis of the personalities of K. Nesselrode and C. Pozzo di Borgo reveals the peculiarities of their respective characters and show both the political and human qualities of these two bright and outstanding diplomats from a new angle. Nesselrode's attitude towards Pozzo di Borgo allows one to take a completely different look at the personality of the former, who was not at all “selflessly ready to fade away”, timid, and weak-willed. The most important quality that they had in common was moderation in everything, based on pragmatism and rationalism. It was practicality, elevated to a principle, that forced both men to consistently defend the “system of moderation”, rejecting extremes of any kind, adhering to a moderate foreign policy course. Both of them strived to preserve peace and stability in Europe. In the service of the Russian Empire, they formed a fruitful diplomatic tandem.
The Russian Ambassador in Turkey A.P. Butenev
Authors: Kudriavtseva Elena
Published: October 2021

Apollinary Petrovich Butenev was at the head of the Russian embassy in Constantinople from 1830 till 1843. These were the years of the most stable Turkish-Russian relations in the first half of the 19th century. As the envoy to Constantinople, A. Butenev was one of the most significant Russian representatives abroad, while the position in Constantinople was one of the most important postings in the Russian Foreign Ministry service since the city was a kind of international political centre that had a huge impact on the life of the whole of Europe.
A. Butenev’s diplomatic endeavours never generated a lot of interest among Russian historians, even though many scholars thoroughly analyzed the period of the Russian-Turkish relations during his service in Constantinople multiple times. The 1830s and 1840s are marked by several important events in foreign policy in which the Russian envoy was directly involved. First of all, А. Butenev played a decisive role in the drafting of the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi that was signed in 1833. The Bosphorus expedition of 1833 was a unique military and political operation of its time, unparalleled in the history of Russian diplomacy. Usually, the success of the expedition is associated with the names of A.F. Orlov and N.N. Muravyov, while the chance to conclude this treaty that was extremely beneficial for Russia belongs to A. Butenev. This is indicated by numerous internal memoranda and reports he sent to St. Petersburg.
With his experience in diplomatic affairs, political weight in the international circles, and the ability to make independent decisions, Apollinary Petrovich Butenev adequately and successfully represented the interests of his homeland in the crucial period when the Russian Empire formulated and implemented its concept of the Eastern policy.
Secret Notes to the Supplementary Treaty of August 27, 1918: an Unknown Plot From the History of Soviet-German Relations at the End of the First World War
Authors: Vatlin Alexander
Published: October 2021

. The 1917 Russian Revolution made fundamental adjustments to the course of the First World War at its final stage. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty was supposed to deliver Germany from the Eastern Front, but instead, it put the question of finding a modus vivendi with the new political regime in Russia. The continuation of the German expansion in the territory of the former Russian Empire, the support of the newly formed limitrophe states, financial claims, and the problem of repatriation of prisoners required the development of a legal framework for bilateral relations. At the end of May 1918, the preparation of the Supplementary Treaty began in Berlin. It was concluded only on August 27, 1918.
The Soviet envoy in Berlin, A.A. Ioffe, while aiming at the implementation of Lenin's concept of “respite”, was forced to integrate Soviet Russia into the system of international relations generated by the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. During the negotiations, the fate of the territories from the Barents Sea to the Caspian Sea, as well as the prospects for cooperation between the two powers were discussed: from military cooperation against the Entente to countering the Turkish expansion in the Transcaucasus. A special role was played by the financial nuances of the obligations assumed by the parties.
The Bolsheviks’ participation in the new round of secret diplomacy was a deviation from the principles they had previously adhered to. Unlike Brest, where Soviet diplomats were forced to accept the winner's ultimatum, the contents of the Supplementary Treaty and the secret notes to it indicate their efforts to achieve the reconstruction of the Russia of the future and its sphere of geopolitical influence. The end of World War I saved the Brest system from being stress-tested, but some aspects of these agreements remained important in the following years, determining the place of Soviet Russia in the world of the interwar period.
This article analyzes three secret notes, which specified the most important provisions of the Supplementary Treaty, including joint military actions against the Entente. The notes are published in Russian for the first time.
KIFÜ nemzetközi együttműködései és projektjei
Authors: Mohácsi János
Published: October 2021

The professional work under the NIIF Program has been a key enabler for Hungarian research and education since 1986.The KIFÜ’s infrastructure is part of the GÉANT (European ICT Infrastructure) and EuroHPC and PRACE (European Supercomputing Infrastructure) infrastructures, multimedia information management, resource and service virtualization, federated authentication, etc. ensure effective and full connectivity with all European research institutions and researchers, including all European research infrastructures (ESFRI, ERIC and others). This paper presents the international cooperation and projects of the KIFÜ and the NIIF Program.
Influence of Fan Behaviour on the Self-Esteem of Amateur Athletes in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Samson Adebayo Babatunde , Oluwatoyin Ibraheem Musa
Published: October 2021

Since the inception of organized sports, there have been fans or spectators cheering for their favorite athletes and teams in order to increase their confidence and improve their overall performance. This study examined the influence of fan behaviour on the self-esteem of amateur athletes in Kwara State. The variables investigated are fans’ perception, discrimination, violent reactions, and feelings of disappointment. Descriptive research design of survey method was adopted for the study. The population for the study was amateur athletes from four sports (Football, Basketball, Volleyball, and Handball). Purposive and sample technique was used for the study. The sample for the study consists of 140 amateur athletes in Kwara State. The research instrument for this study was questionnaire developed by the researcher which was used for data collection. Frequency and percentage was used to analyze the demographic data of respondents while the hypotheses were tested using inferential statistic of Chi-square at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that; fans perception of athletes as a failure, discrimination, violent reactions, and feelings of disappointment influenced the self-esteem of amateur athletes. Based on the findings, the study recommends that stakeholders such as media, sports council and relevant agencies of government should conduct enlightenment programmes on management and control of fan behaviour in Kwara State.
Management Skills as Determinant for Selecting Management Model Among Sports Managers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatoyin Ibraheem Musa , Owolabi Abdulraheem Yinusa , Michael Aina Gbemisola
Published: October 2021

Knowledge, understanding and displaying good management skills will help sports managers of the sports organization to position the teams and clubs. Descriptive correlation study carried out using a survey method for this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 85 sports managers of the sports organization. Data were collected using self-developed questionnaire as an instrument. The entire questionnaire yielded a reliability value of 0.77r. Data were analysed using multiple linear Regression at the 0.05 alpha levels.The findings show significant multiple correlations. The regression indicated that the management skills was a good contributor for the selection of management model (F (4, 95) = 2.267, P ˂ .000). Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that management skills contribute to the selection of the management model. Recomendation on government and stakeholder in the state should organize seminar, workshop and training for sports managers of the sports organizations in Kwara state for them to have knowledge on management skills which is crucial to their job.
Assessment of Knowledge and Physical Activity Pattern of Civil Servants in Ilorin South Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Adewale , Aderonke Yusuf Naimat , Ojo Abubakar Nurudeen
Published: October 2021

If regular physical activity can be packaged into a pill, it will be the commonest drug on the counter. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge and physical activity pattern of civil servants in Ilorin south Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of survey method was used for this study. The population for this study comprised civil servants in Ilorin South Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage probability sampling technique was conducted to select 259 respondents. Adapted GPAQ was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability. A correlation co-efficient of 0.84 was obtained through test re-test method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Socio-demographic data of the respondents was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and to answer the research questions; inferential statistics of Pearson’s Product Movement Correlation (PPMC), One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 significance. It was concluded in the study that there is significant relationship on Knowledge and pattern of physical activity of civil servants in Ilorin South Local Government Kwara State among others. Recommendation this study; experts in the field of physical activity and fitness in conjunction with the management of various ministries and commissions in the study locale should organise workshops and seminars to improve the knowledge of the civil servants on the benefits of regular participation in physical activity. Also, an official hour should be earmarked for staff to encourage participation by all.