bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungi from a Groundwater-Fed Drinking Water Supply System in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Helena , Santos Cledir , Paterson R. , Gusmão Norma , Lima Nelson
Published: March 2016

Filamentous fungi in drinking water distribution systems are known to (a) block water pipes; (b) cause organoleptic biodeterioration; (c) act as pathogens or allergens and (d) cause mycotoxin contamination. Yeasts might also cause problems. This study describes the occurrence of several fungal species in a water distribution system supplied by groundwater in Recife—Pernambuco, Brazil. Water samples were collected from four sampling sites from which fungi were recovered by membrane filtration. The numbers in all sampling sites ranged from 5 to 207 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL with a mean value of 53 CFU/100 mL. In total, 859 isolates were identified morphologically, with Aspergillus and Penicillium the most representative genera (37% and 25% respectively), followed by Trichoderma and Fusarium (9% each), Curvularia (5%) and finally the species Pestalotiopsis karstenii (2%). Ramichloridium and Leptodontium were isolated and are black yeasts, a group that include emergent pathogens. The drinking water system in Recife may play a role in fungal dissemination, including opportunistic pathogens.
Compensation for Adolescents’ School Mental Load by Physical Activity on Weekend Days
Authors: Kudláček Michal , Frömel Karel , Jakubec Lukáš , Groffik Dorota
Published: March 2016

Introduction and objective: Increasing mental load and inadequate stress management significantly affect the efficiency, success and safety of the educational/working process in adolescents. The objective of this study is to determine the extent that adolescents compensate for their school mental load by physical activity (PA) on weekend days and, thus, to contribute to the objective measurement of mental load in natural working conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2013 and April 2014. A set of different methods was employed—self-administered questionnaire (IPAQ-long questionnaire), objective measurements—pedometers, and accelerometers (ActiTrainers). They was distributed to 548 students from 17 high schools. Participants’ mental load was assessed based on the difference between PA intensity and/or physical inactivity and heart rate range. Results: The participants with the highest mental load during school lessons do not compensate for this load by PA on weekend days. Conclusions: Adolescents need to be encouraged to be aware of their subjective mental load and to intentionally compensate for this load by PA on weekend days. It is necessary to support the process of adopting habits by sufficient physical literacy of students, as well as teachers, and by changes in the school program.
Extracting Stops from Noisy Trajectories: A Sequence Oriented Clustering Approach
Authors: Xiang Longgang , Gao Meng , Wu Tao
Published: March 2016

Trajectories, representing the movements of objects in the real world, carry significant stop/move semantics. The detection of trajectory stops poses a critical problem in the study of moving objects and becomes even more challenging due to the inevitable noise recorded along with true data. To extract stops with a variety of shapes and sizes from single trajectories with noise, this paper presents a sequence oriented clustering approach, in which noise points within the sequence of a stop can be identified and classified as a part of the stop. In our method, two key concepts are first introduced: (1) a core sequence that defines sequence density based not only on proximity in space but also continuity in time as well as the duration over time; and (2) an Eps-reachability sequence that aggregates core sequences that overlap or meet over time. Then, three criteria are presented to merge Eps-reachability sequences interrupted by noise. Further, an algorithm, called SOC (Sequence Oriented Clustering), is developed to automatically extract stops from a single trajectory. In addition, a reachability graph is designed that visually illustrates the spatio-temporal clustering structure and levels of a trajectory. Finally, the proposed algorithm is evaluated against two baseline methods through extensive experiments based on real world trajectories, some with serious noise, and the results show that our approach is fairly effective in recognizing trajectory stops.
Open Polar Server (OPS)—An Open Source Infrastructure for the Cryosphere Community
Authors: Liu Weibo , Purdon Kyle , Stafford Trey , Paden John , Li Xingong
Published: March 2016

The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) at the University of Kansas has collected approximately 1000 terabytes (TB) of radar depth sounding data over the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets since 1993 in an effort to map the thickness of the ice sheets and ultimately understand the impacts of climate change and sea level rise. In addition to data collection, the storage, management, and public distribution of the dataset are also primary roles of the CReSIS. The Open Polar Server (OPS) project developed a free and open source infrastructure to store, manage, analyze, and distribute the data collected by CReSIS in an effort to replace its current data storage and distribution approach. The OPS infrastructure includes a spatial database management system (DBMS), map and web server, JavaScript geoportal, and MATLAB application programming interface (API) for the inclusion of data created by the cryosphere community. Open source software including GeoServer, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, OpenLayers, ExtJS, GeoEXT and others are used to build a system that modernizes the CReSIS data distribution for the entire cryosphere community and creates a flexible platform for future development. Usability analysis demonstrates the OPS infrastructure provides an improved end user experience. In addition, interpolating glacier topography is provided as an application example of the system.
Effects of Beverages on Alcohol Metabolism: Potential Health Benefits and Harmful Impacts
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Yu-Jie , Zhou Yue , Li Ya , Zhou Tong , Zheng Jie , Zhang Jiao-Jiao , Li Sha , Xu Dong-Ping , Li Hua-Bin
Published: March 2016

Nonalcoholic beverages are usually consumed accompanying alcoholic drinks, and their effects on alcohol metabolism are unclear in vivo. In this study, the effects of 20 nonalcoholic beverages on alcohol metabolism and liver injury caused by alcohol were evaluated in mice. Kunming mice were orally fed with alcohol (52%, v/v) and beverages. The concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood as well as the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in liver were assessed to indicate alcohol metabolism. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum as well as the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver were measured to reflect the alcohol-induced liver injury. The results showed that the treatment of soda water, green tea and honey chrysanthemum tea could accelerate ethanol metabolism and prevent liver injuries caused by alcohol when companied with excessive alcohol drinking. They might be potential dietary supplements for the alleviation of harmful effects from excessive alcohol consumption. On the contrary, some beverages such as fresh orange juice and red bull are not advised to drink when companied with alcohol consumption due to their adverse effects on ethanol induced liver injury.
CoSpa: A Co-training Approach for Spam Review Identification with Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhang Wen , Bu Chaoqi , Yoshida Taketoshi , Zhang Siguang
Published: March 2016

Spam reviews are increasingly appearing on the Internet to promote sales or defame competitors by misleading consumers with deceptive opinions. This paper proposes a co-training approach called CoSpa (Co-training for Spam review identification) to identify spam reviews by two views: one is the lexical terms derived from the textual content of the reviews and the other is the PCFG (Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars) rules derived from a deep syntax analysis of the reviews. Using SVM (Support Vector Machine) as the base classifier, we develop two strategies, CoSpa-C and CoSpa-U, embedded within the CoSpa approach. The CoSpa-C strategy selects unlabeled reviews classified with the largest confidence to augment the training dataset to retrain the classifier. The CoSpa-U strategy randomly selects unlabeled reviews with a uniform distribution of confidence. Experiments on the spam dataset and the deception dataset demonstrate that both the proposed CoSpa algorithms outperform the traditional SVM with lexical terms and PCFG rules in spam review identification. Moreover, the CoSpa-U strategy outperforms the CoSpa-C strategy when we use the absolute value of decision function of SVM as the confidence.
Modeling and Stability Analysis of Hybrid PV/Diesel/ESS in Ship Power System
Authors: Lan Hai , Bai Yifei , Wen Shuli , Yu David , Hong Ying-Yi , Dai Jinfeng , Cheng Peng
Published: March 2016

Due the concern about serious environmental pollution and fossil energy consumption, introducing solar generation into ship power systems has drawn greater attention. However, the penetration of solar energy will result in ship power system instability caused by the uncertainties of the solar irradiation. Unlike on land, the power generated by photovoltaic (PV) modules on the shipboard changes as the ship rolls. In this paper, a high-speed flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is modeled to smooth the PV power fluctuations and improve the power quality on a large oil tanker which contains a PV generation system, a diesel generator, a FESS, and various types of ship loads. Furthermore, constant torque angle control method combined with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) approach is proposed to control the FESS charging and discharging. Different ship operating situations and the impact of the ship rolling is taken into consideration. The simulation results demonstrate the high efficiency and fast response of the flywheel energy storage system to enhance the stability of the proposed hybrid ship power system.
Variability of Upper Cervical Anatomy: A Reflection on Its Clinical Relevance
Authors: Cattrysse Erik , Buzzatti Luca , Provyn Steven , Barbero Marco , Van Roy Peter
Published: March 2016

The upper cervical complex is a distinctive spinal area with a great need for mobility as well as stability. The specific anatomical morphology of the atlanto-occipital and of the atlanto-axial joints seems to support these complex functional demands. The present study reports on some systematic and non-systematic observations of specific morphological variations and variants of the upper cervical joint anatomy. They are reported with respect to morphological features of the transverse atlantal and alar ligaments, morphological features of the lateral atlanto-axial and atlanto-occipital joints, additional joint configurations of the atlanto-occipital junction, muscular attachments to the joint capsule of the lateral atlanto occipital joint, and the Processus styloideus in its relationship with movements of the upper cervical joints. The observations mainly confirm general anatomical descriptions from textbooks, although some confront with these basic anatomical configurations mainly due to large morphological variation. Additionally, specific anatomical variants may raise questions on the generally accepted functional anatomical features. Some of these specific morphological configurations may have major implications for the kinematics of the occipito-atlanto-axial complex. This paper intends to reflect on the functional impact of the observed upper cervical morphological variability.
The Influence of Conjugated Polymer Side Chain Manipulation on the Efficiency and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Heckler Ilona , Kesters Jurgen , Defour Maxime , Madsen Morten , Penxten Huguette , D’Haen Jan , Van Mele Bruno , Maes Wouter , Bundgaard Eva
Published: March 2016

The stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs) can be influenced by the introduction of particular moieties on the conjugated polymer side chains. In this study, two series of donor-acceptor copolymers, based on bis(thienyl)dialkoxybenzene donor and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) or thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TzTz) acceptor units, were selected toward effective device scalability by roll-coating. The influence of the partial exchange (5% or 10%) of the solubilizing 2-hexyldecyloxy by alternative 2-phenylethoxy groups on efficiency and stability was investigated. With an increasing 2-phenylethoxy ratio, a decrease in solar cell efficiency was observed for the BT-based series, whereas the efficiencies for the devices based on the TzTz polymers remained approximately the same. The photochemical degradation rate for PSCs based on the TzTz polymers decreased with an increasing 2-phenylethoxy ratio. Lifetime studies under constant sun irradiance showed a diminishing initial degradation rate for the BT-based devices upon including the alternative side chains, whereas the (more stable) TzTz-based devices degraded at a faster rate from the start of the experiment upon partly exchanging the side chains. No clear trends in the degradation behavior, linked to the copolymer structural changes, could be established at this point, evidencing the complex interplay of events determining PSCs’ lifetime.
Nigrodiquinone A, a Hydroanthraquinone Dimer Containing a Rare C-9–C-7′ Linkage from a Zoanthid-Derived Nigrospora sp. Fungus
Authors: Xu Wei-Feng , Hou Xue-Mei , Yang Kai-Lin , Cao Fei , Yang Rui-Yun , Wang Chang-Yun , Shao Chang-Lun
Published: March 2016

One new hydroanthraquinone dimer with a rare C-9–C-7′ linkage, nigrodiquinone A (1), and four known anthraquinone monomers 2–5, were isolated from a fungus Nigrospora sp. obtained from the zoanthid Palythoa haddoni collected in the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was established through extensive NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was elucidated by comparing computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and optical rotations (OR) with experimental results. All the compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity, and 1 was also evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compound 4 displayed mild antiviral activity against coxsackie virus (Cox-B3) with the IC50 value of 93.7 μM, and 5 showed an IC50 value of 74.0 μM against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Comparison of Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay with LC-MS/MS for Diagnosis of Microcystin Toxicosis in Veterinary Cases
Authors: Moore Caroline , Juan Jeanette , Lin Yanping , Gaskill Cynthia , Puschner Birgit
Published: March 2016

Microcystins are acute hepatotoxins of increasing global concern in drinking and recreational waters and are a major health risk to humans and animals. Produced by cyanobacteria, microcystins inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). A cost-effective PP1 assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate was developed to quickly assess water and rumen content samples. Significant inhibition was determined via a linear model, which compared increasing volumes of sample to the log-transformed ratio of the exposed rate over the control rate of PP1 activity. To test the usefulness of this model in diagnostic case investigations, samples from two veterinary cases were tested. In August 2013 fifteen cattle died around two ponds in Kentucky. While one pond and three tested rumen contents had significant PP1 inhibition and detectable levels of microcystin-LR, the other pond did not. In August 2013, a dog became fatally ill after swimming in Clear Lake, California. Lake water samples collected one and four weeks after the dog presented with clinical signs inhibited PP1 activity. Subsequent analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detected microcystin congeners -LR, -LA, -RR and -LF but not -YR. These diagnostic investigations illustrate the advantages of using functional assays in combination with LC-MS/MS.
Dealing with Magnetic Disturbances in Human Motion Capture: A Survey of Techniques
Authors: Ligorio Gabriele , Sabatini Angelo
Published: March 2016

Magnetic-Inertial Measurement Units (MIMUs) based on microelectromechanical (MEMS) technologies are widespread in contexts such as human motion tracking. Although they present several advantages (lightweight, size, cost), their orientation estimation accuracy might be poor. Indoor magnetic disturbances represent one of the limiting factors for their accuracy, and, therefore, a variety of work was done to characterize and compensate them. In this paper, the main compensation strategies included within Kalman-based orientation estimators are surveyed and classified according to which degrees of freedom are affected by the magnetic data and to the magnetic disturbance rejection methods implemented. By selecting a representative method from each category, four algorithms were obtained and compared in two different magnetic environments: (1) small workspace with an active magnetic source; (2) large workspace without active magnetic sources. A wrist-worn MIMU was used to acquire data from a healthy subject, whereas a stereophotogrammetric system was adopted to obtain ground-truth data. The results suggested that the model-based approaches represent the best compromise between the two testbeds. This is particularly true when the magnetic data are prevented to affect the estimation of the angles with respect to the vertical direction.
Chemical Environment of Unusually Ge- and Pb-Rich Willemite, Tres Marias Mine, Mexico
Authors: Saini-Eidukat Bernhardt , Melcher Frank , Göttlicher Jörg , Steininger Ralph
Published: March 2016

The Tres Marias carbonate-hosted Zn-Ge deposit in Chihuahua, Mexico contains willemite [Zn2SiO4] with unusually high concentrations of minor and trace elements (e.g., Pb, Ge, As, P, V); Pb concentrations are as high as 2 wt %, and Ge may reach 4000 ppm (average 900 ppm). Electron microprobe analyses and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence maps show that Zn and Ge, as well as Zn and Pb are negatively correlated, whereas Ge and Pb are positively correlated across zoned willemite crystals. In cathodoluminescence (CL) images, those areas of willemite having high trace element concentrations have no, or low CL intensities, whereas zones low in trace elements (except for P) display bright blue CL colors. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical nature of Ge and Pb in willemite. Comparisons to reference spectra of natural and artificial substances points to the presence of Ge4+ and Pb2+ in Tres Marias willemite. No evidence for Pb4+ was detected. Oscillatory zonation reflects trace element incorporation into willemite from the oxidation of primary Ge-bearing sphalerite and galena (PbS) by siliceous aqueous fluids.
New Cerebroside and Nucleoside Derivatives from a Red Sea Strain of the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea producens
Authors: Youssef Diaa , Ibrahim Sabrin , Shaala Lamiaa , Mohamed Gamal , Banjar Zainy
Published: March 2016

In the course of our ongoing efforts to identify marine-derived bioactive compounds, the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens was investigated. The organic extract of the Red Sea cyanobacterium afforded one new cerebroside, mooreaside A (1), two new nucleoside derivatives, 3-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine (2) and 3-phenylethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (3), along with the previously reported compounds thymidine (4) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl heptacosanoate (5). The structures of the compounds were determined by different spectroscopic studies (UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS), as well as comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1–5 showed variable cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines.
A Computational Study of the Mechanism of Succinimide Formation in the Asn–His Sequence: Intramolecular Catalysis by the His Side Chain
Authors: Takahashi Ohgi , Manabe Noriyoshi , Kirikoshi Ryota
Published: March 2016

The rates of deamidation reactions of asparagine (Asn) residues which occur spontaneously and nonenzymatically in peptides and proteins via the succinimide intermediate are known to be strongly dependent on the nature of the following residue on the carboxyl side (Xxx). The formation of the succinimide intermediate is by far the fastest when Xxx is glycine (Gly), the smallest amino acid residue, while extremely slow when Xxx is bulky such as isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). In this respect, it is very interesting to note that the succinimide formation is definitely accelerated when Xxx is histidine (His) despite its large size. In this paper, we computationally show that, in an Asn–His sequence, the His side-chain imidazole group (in the neutral Nε-protonated form) can specifically catalyze the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate in the succinimide formation by mediating a proton transfer. The calculations were performed for Ace−Asn−His−Nme (Ace = acetyl, Nme = methylamino) as a model compound by the density functional theory with the B3LYP functional and the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. We also show that the tetrahedral intermediate, once protonated at the NH2 group, easily releases an ammonia molecule to give the succinimide species.
Formation and Controlled Drug Release Using a Three-Component Supramolecular Hydrogel for Anti-Schistosoma Japonicum Cercariae
Authors: Li Yibao , Zhu Lei , Fan Yulan , Li Yayun , Cheng Linxiu , Liu Wei , Li Xun , Fan Xiaolin
Published: March 2016

A novel three-component supramolecular hydrogel based on riboflavin, melamine and amino acid derivatives were constructed for controlled release of pesticides, Niclosamide derivatives. The formation of hydrogel may be attributed to self-assemble via hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction, which have been researched via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The rheological experiments showed that the hydrogel materials and drug-loaded hydrogel all demonstrated good mechanical strength and high stability. Further experimental results indicated that the drug-loaded hydrogels show large drug loadings, long-term release time and relatively higher efficiency to anti-cercariae in the water environment.
Health-Care Costs, Glycemic Control and Nutritional Status in Malnourished Older Diabetics Treated with a Hypercaloric Diabetes-Specific Enteral Nutritional Formula
Authors: Sanz-Paris Alejandro , Boj-Carceller Diana , Lardies-Sanchez Beatriz , Perez-Fernandez Leticia , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso
Published: March 2016

Diabetes-specific formulas are an effective alternative for providing nutrients and maintaining glycemic control. This study assesses the effect of treatment with an oral enteral nutrition with a hypercaloric diabetes-specific formula (HDSF) for one year, on health-care resources use, health-care costs, glucose control and nutritional status, in 93 type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) malnourished patients. Changes in health-care resources use and health-care costs were collected the year before and during the year of intervention. Glucose status and nutritional laboratory parameters were analyzed at baseline and one-year after the administration of HDSF. The administration of HDSF was significantly associated with a reduced use of health-care resources, fewer hospital admissions (54.7%; p < 0.001), days spent at hospital (64.1%; p < 0.001) and emergency visits (57.7%; p < 0.001). Health-care costs were reduced by 65.6% (p < 0.001) during the intervention. Glycemic control (short- and long-term) and the need of pharmacological treatment did not change, while some nutritional parameters were improved at one year (albumin: +10.6%, p < 0.001; hemoglobin: +6.4%, p = 0.026). In conclusion, using HDSF in malnourished older type-2 diabetic patients may allow increasing energy intake while maintaining glucose control and improving nutritional parameters. The use of health-care resources and costs were significantly reduced during the nutritional intervention.
Spiritual Care: The Nurses’ Experiences in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Nascimento Lucila , Alvarenga Willyane , Caldeira Sílvia , Mica Tâmisa , Oliveira Fabiane , Pan Raquel , Santos Tabatha , Carvalho Emília , Vieira Margarida
Published: March 2016

Physical aspects of disease management are often more evident than those related to spirituality or spiritual care. Spirituality may appear more crucial in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) when patients are experiencing serious illness or end-of-life situations. This paper describes the meaning of spirituality according to nurses who had worked in PICUs and how they provide spiritual care to children and their families. It is an exploratory research using a qualitative approach, including interviews with eleven PICU nurses. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis; two themes were identified: meanings of spirituality and religiosity according to nurses, and the provision of spiritual care to children in the PICU and their families. The interviewed nurses recognized the importance and value of spiritual care and are aware that spiritual needs are considered to be of significantly less importance than physical treatments. Spiritual care was mainly focused on the children’s families; the nurses justified the absence of spiritual care to children, based on lack of time and children’s age and level of consciousness. These results highlight a deficiency in spiritual care in PICUs and demonstrate the need for improved knowledge and demonstrate the need to not only raise awareness of the spiritual dimension of children, adolescents, and their families, but also to enhance discussion and improve general knowledge on the importance of spirituality in the treatment regimen to provide effective holistic care.
Raices populares y cultura de masas en la nueva narrativa hispanoamericana
Authors: Aínsa Fernando
Published: March 2016

Racines populaires et culture de masse dans la nouvelle fiction hispano-américaine.

Après plusieurs décennies d'expérimentation, de ruptures, d'avant-gardisme, de développement de nouveaux styles et modes d'écriture, d'ambitieux romans « totalisants » et englobant tout, le récit de la fin du XXe siècle retrouve une fonction oubliée, celle de représentation du réel, il s'intéresse à la fonction sociale de la culture en incorporant la culture populaire, la culture de masse, à la création littéraire.

D'une façon générale, le style apparaît plus « classique » et moins « baroque » plus attaché à la narrativité qu'à l'expérimentation formelle. Littérature humoristique (humour noir, parfois), ce « nouveau réalisme » pratique une désolemnisation par la parodie, moyen efficace de percevoir la réalité. Les mythes qui sont au centre de la culture populaire et de masse — série télévisée, cinéma, football, cyclisme, musique, etc. — et les héros qu'elle propose — idoles, acteurs, chanteurs et compositeurs — donnent sa matière à une fiction qui les consacre ou les dégrade, mettant en scène tour à tour les banlieues, les quartiers populaires des villes, les plages. Les principaux caractères de ce « nouveau réalisme »sont étudiés d'après les œuvres de ses auteurs les plus représentatifs dans la décennie 1990.
Rock poblacional chileno : marginalité et discours de la transgression
Authors: Rimbot Emmanuelle
Published: March 2016

Rock poblacional chileno : marginalidad y discurso de transgresión.

Herederos de la Nueva canción chilena, los cantadores del movimiento llamado Canto Nuevo son los de la generation que ha presenciado el golpe de Estado de 1973 y la instauración del poder autoritario de Augusto Pinochet. Es un movimiento cultural que nace como una respuesta ante el vacîo cultural causado por la represión, la autocensura, el exilio. Forma parte de la problemática identitaria nueva de una creación musical a la vez en continuidad y en ruptura con la creación de los diez años que anteceden a la dictadura.

La canción, como généro especifico, entra en la confrontation ideológica y cultural que surge entre un sistema autoritario y la expresión marginal y de resistencia. En el Canto Nuevo se manifiestan estas tres dimensiones. Por otra parte, intervenien dos factores de la evolution de la música, de la definition de los nuevos estilos y de las composiciones de las letras : la autocensura por una parte, y por la otra la modernización de las técnicas.
Crisis de la representación y crisis del realismo en très narradores venezolanos (Luis Britto Garcia, Laura Antillano y Ednodio Quintero)
Authors: Bohórquez Douglas
Published: March 2016

Crise de la représentation chez trois auteurs de récits au Venezuela.

La lecture des derniers livres de nouvelles publiés par Luis Britto Garcia, Ednodio Quintero et Laura Antillano permet de mettre en rapport la nomination symbolique et la représentation du réel. Chacun d'entre eux s'exerce à des variations : changement dans la représentation, rupture avec des modes de représentation et de signification, jeu sur des modes connus. L'innovation est étroitement liée à leur participation à une longue tradition du récit court au Venezuela.
Une littérature d'actualité légère et engagée : La Frontera de cristal de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Olivier Florence
Published: March 2016

Una obra de actualidad : La Frontera de cristal, de Carlos Fuentes, lectura de ocio y literatura de compromiso.

En diciembre de 1995, las librerias ponian en sus escaparates la ultima obra de ficción de Carlos fuentes, con una cinta que pregonaba « una historia de pasión y de dolor... ». La frontera de cristal, novela en nueve cuentos sobre la frontera norte de Mexico, se publicaba a casi dos anos de firmarse el TLC que, para el gobierno mexicano, senalaba el ingresodel pais en una nueva era y en el espacio económico norteamericano.

Novela de actualidad, disena en nueve relatos la problemática siempre dolorosa de las relaciones entre Mexico y los Estados Unidos : frontera geográfica, frontera metafórica, puntos de contacto y de separación entre los dos paises, influencia cultural sobre Mexico, intercambio desigual, emigración, fusion y discriminación cultural, etc. Lo hibrido manifiesto en el généro literario (cuentos sobre la actualidad que hacen novela) responde a la hibridación de identidades, por una aneja interpenetración de los dos vecinos. La multiplicidad de enredos, la flexibilidad de la estructura en relatos sueltos, permiten rupturas en el tono y el uso desenfadado de un realismo simbólico que raya en lo fantástico y lo burlesco.

Al escoger un narrador contemporáneo y compatriota de los personajes mejicanos, colocado en la frontera entre ficción y testimonio, autoriza un discurso de compromiso, mediador entre el lector y los personajes, mediador entre los ciudadanos de los dos paises. Con pasión y, a veces, distanciándose, aboga por un buen entendimiento de la compleja realidad que tienen en común, promueve la perception de un elemento de la nueva realidad.
Nuevo(s) realismo(s), realidad uruguaya ? en Marea negra de Mercedes Rein
Authors: Giraldi dei Cas Norah
Published: March 2016

Nouveau(x) réalisme(s) et réalité uruguayenne dans Marea negra, de Mercedes Rein (1996).

Comment différencier les œuvres nouvelles, c'est un des casse-tête de la critique. Quelles modalités du discours ? Quelle partie de la réalité y représente- ton ? Quelle vision du réfèrent y donne-t-on ?

Appliquées au roman de Mercedes Rein, ces questions poussent à voir l'œuvre comme porteuse de réalisme, l'épisode de départ : la marée noire qui détruit le milieu d'une station des bords de mers, est emprunté à un fait véridique et revêt l'aspect d'une dénonciation des tares de l'ère industrielle. Mais aussi, une valeur allégorique accompagne cette vision réaliste, celle d'une réalité sociale et politique uruguayenne devenue chaotique. La dégradation du milieu est aussi une dégradation des personnes dont les repères se sont effondrés. Le roman débouche sur un des thèmes constants des écrits de Mercedes Rein : l'absurde.
Le néo-indigénisme péruvien à partir des années 80
Authors: Aubès Françoise
Published: March 2016

La narrativa peruana se caracteriza más que otras, desde siempre, por su vocacion realista. La escritura realista emprende un proceso de renovación a partir de los anos 50 frente a una realidad : el crecimiento de la capital peruana. Lima monopolizará la temática novelesca y si exceptuamos el trabajo renovador de José Maria Arguedas, la temática indîgena parece abandonada. Sin embargo a partir de los anos 80, se asiste a un rebrote de la tendencia neoindigenista dentro de una narrativa diversificada deseosa de mostrar un Peru pluricultural. Reactualizada además por la situación dramática entonces présente en los Andes, esta corriente muestra un mundo de la sierra que ya no tiene nada que ver con el universo enclaustrado de la tradicion indigenista. Este neoindigenismo actual, atipico, rural, provinciano, entre tradicion y modernidad, testimonio del incierto destino de una cultura, manifiesta, si bien renovada, esta preocupacion constante de la narrativa peruana por traducir la problemátiva nacional.
Leonardo Padura Fuentes ; las mascaras de la nostalgia
Authors: Zayas Hélène
Published: March 2016

Leonardo Padura Fuentes : les masques de la nostalgie.

Leonardo Padura FUENTES (cubain) est l'auteur, entre autres publications, de quatre romans (publiés a partir de 1991) formant la série intitulée Las cuatro estaciones dont l'action est située dans l'atmosphère de La Havane en 1989.

L'étude des techniques narratives permet de classer ces romans dans le genre policier (personnages spécifiques, intrigue policière, niveaux de langue, idiolectes et sociolectes, etc.).

L'une des caractéristiques de cette tétralogie est la transgression des limites du genre, ce qui donne à l'auteur le moyen de réfléchir aux problèmes existentiel de ses personnages, notamment leurs difficultés dû aux maux de la société cubaine. La multiplicité des thèmes abordés dans les récits, la richesse des tonalités et des styles sont propices à diverses lectures et jettent des ponts vers d'autres branches du genre romanesque. Le genre policier est remis en question, il se sert d'un réalisme qui débouche sur une analyse critique complexe, sans aucun schématisme, de l'évolution de la société cubaine actuelle.
El relato policíaco postmoderno. Tres novelas argentinas contemporáneas
Authors: Bravo Victor
Published: March 2016

Le récit policier post-moderne. Trois romans argentins contemporains.

Un lecture critique des romans Mares del Sur (1997) de Noé Jitrik, La pesquisa (1994) de Juan José Saer, et Agita quemada (1997) de Ricardo Piglia, conduit à s'interroger sur le genre policier en tant qu'expression ou que construction (dé-construction) de la réalité. Sans perdre le lien avec le sens métaphysique de la littérature de mystère, ces romans mettent cependant en question la fonction du rationnel dans l'appréhension de la réalité. La représentation du réel porte les traces manifestes des media contemporains, en particulier des formes de grande diffusion du récits filmique et télévisuel. Chacun des romans fait l'objet d'une étude spécifique.
La virtud del asesino : policíaca y narrativa centroamericana
Authors: Rojas Margarita
Published: March 2016

L'assassin vertueux : le récit policier dans la fiction centre-américaine.

Dans le récit centre-américain récent, le récit policier montre des personnages qui se déplacent dans un monde hostile, conscient d'être entraînés dans une réalité sociale violente, impersonnelle. Contrairement à ce que proposait la fiction d'une étape précédente, l'individu ne parvient pas à préciser quelle est l'origine de la puissance qu'il affronte et il finit par la percevoir comme une donnée de son propre monde intérieur.

La solitude est la condition humaine, déterminant l'absence de communication sur tous les plans, déniant les formes établies des relations interpersonnelles. Dans le monde de l'aliénation et du vice, l'assassinat devient œuvre de salubrité publique. Ce schéma découle des textes publiés, notamment, par Anacristina Rossi, Jorge Caro, Horacio Castellanos et Roberto Castillo.
Recent advances in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed benzoin reactions
Authors: Menon Rajeev S , Biju Akkattu T , Nair Vijay
Published: March 2016

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a powerful class of organocatalysts that mediate a variety of organic transformations. The Benzoin reaction constitutes one of the earliest known carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions catalysed by NHCs. The rapid growth of NHC catalysis in general has resulted in the development of a variety of benzoin and benzoin-type reactions. An overview of such NHC-catalysed benzoin reactions is presented.
Gebrauch des Genitivattributs in der Deutschen Fachsprache
Authors: Banionytė Vita
Published: March 2016

Der Artikel wird dem in der deutschen Fachsprache häufig vorkommenden attributiven Genitiv gewidmet. Im theoretischen Teil wird die Charakteristik des Genitivattributs gegeben; es werden manche Termini erläutert, wodurch die klassische Deutung von Genitivattribut erweitert wird. Im praktischen Teil wird die direkte Beziehung des Genitivs zum Gliedkern, seine Abhängigkeit von anderen genitivischen Beifügungen, auch Substantivhäufungen, in denen nicht nur Genitive, sondern auch die auf eine Präposition folgende Substantive (Präpositionalattribute) festzustellen sind, analysiert. Hier werden auch alternative Fügungen für Genitivattribut besprochen.
Interaction of the Affirmation, Negation and Restriction in Romanic (French, Spanish, Italian) Languages
Authors: Stuogys Arūnas
Published: March 2016

The origin of restriction is discussed in the article, its functioning in the language, typological peculiarities of the restricting expressions and the possibilities of their lexical and grammatical expressions. Making inﬂuence for the part of the sentence that it is aimed at the restriction it excludes from the negative ﬁeld and it emphasies. So, in the language it has a double function; in this case it can be compared to the logical emphasis. The means of restriction in the romanic languages have the same typology but there are speciﬁc diﬀerences in every language. Grammatical restriction is more common in the French language, while in Spanish and Italian languages it is expressed by lexical means.
The Influence of Attitude on Autonomous Foreign Language Studies
Authors: Liuolienė Alvyda , Metiūnienė Regina
Published: March 2016

The article presents the results of some researches on formation of positive attitude as the basis for the individual enriching of the language. The pedagogical process should cover 5 levels in order to assure the regulation of attitudes formation: 1) cognitive; 2) affecting; 3) connotative; 4) regulating; 5) ascertaining. The results of the experiment are presented in a table what gives the possibility to evaluate the present-day attitudes towards the studies of foreign languages and pedagogical-psychological mechanisms of their formation. Students present the positive attitude towards foreign language studies. They would like to expand their vocabulary and mark that more than 40 % of studies should be devoted to lexis. Having conducted an experiment, it could be stated that 40 % of respondents from the experiment group developed a more positive attitude towards learning a foreign language and defined that they feel pleasure in learning it while at the beginning of the experiment only 8 % of students defined this variable.
Pecularities of Economic and Information Terminology
Authors: Tadauskienė Elvyra Vida
Published: March 2016

The article investigates the pecularities of economic and information terminology and concludes their original source. As economic terms turn out to have appeared earlier than those of information, so the beginning of the emergence of them was influenced by the Greek and Latin languages. During the Soviet period economic terms were under the influence of the Russian language. A lot of information terms originated from the English language so the dominance of this language is still greatly felt. The common language can be considered to be the original source of some of the mentioned terminology when expanding the meaning of adequate terms. Translation of some of the terms creates problems related to the synonymous meaning of the terms or certain variations of the vocabulary meanings.
The Control Priorities of Foreignlanguages Teaching
Authors: Sklizmantaitė Rasa , Velička Aleksandras
Published: March 2016

The same structure is characteristic to the language learning process as well as to every activity. It consists of: 1) the purpose on the basis of motivation; 2) fulfilment; 3) control on the basis of feedback. The article presents the problems connected with the teaching process control. Some kinds of control are described. The objects of control should be definite speech items (lexis, morphology, syntax, phonetics) and all four speech activities. The degree of skills development is the index of student’s speech competence.
KIC 8462852: TRANSIT OF A LARGE COMET FAMILY
Authors: Bodman Eva H. L. , Quillen Alice
Published: March 2016

We investigate the plausibility of a cometary source of the unusual transits observed in the KIC 8462852 light curve. A single comet of similar size to those in our solar system produces a transit depth of the order of 10−3 lasting less than a day which is much smaller and shorter than the largest dip observed (

for ∼3 days), but a large, closely traveling cluster of comets can fit the observed depths and durations. We find that a series of large comet swarms, with all except one on the same orbit, provides a good fit for the KIC 8462852 data during Quarters 16 and 17, but does not explain the large dip observed during Quarter 8. However, the transit dips only loosely constrain the orbits and can be fit by swarms with periastrons differing by a factor of 10. To reach a transit depth of ∼0.2, the comets need to be in a close group of ∼30, if they are ∼100 km in radius or in a group of ∼300 if they are ∼10 km in radius. The total number of comets required to fit all of the dips is ∼70 ∼ 100 km or ∼700 ∼ 10 km comets. A single comet family from a tidally disrupted Ceres-sized progenitor or the start of a Late Heavy Bombardment period explains the last ∼60 days of the unusual KIC 8462852 light curve.
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF SOLAR CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS BY VECTOR TOMOGRAPHY OF THE CORONAL EMISSION LINE POLARIZATIONS
Authors: Kramar M. , Lin H. , Tomczyk S.
Published: March 2016

We present the first direct “observation” of the global-scale, 3D coronal magnetic fields of Carrington Rotation (CR) Cycle 2112 using vector tomographic inversion techniques. The vector tomographic inversion uses measurements of the Fe xiii 10747 Å Hanle effect polarization signals by the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP) and 3D coronal density and temperature derived from scalar tomographic inversion of Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) coronal emission lines (CELs) intensity images as inputs to derive a coronal magnetic field model that best reproduces the observed polarization signals. While independent verifications of the vector tomography results cannot be performed, we compared the tomography inverted coronal magnetic fields with those constructed by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations based on observed photospheric magnetic fields of CR 2112 and 2113. We found that the MHD model for CR 2112 is qualitatively consistent with the tomography inverted result for most of the reconstruction domain except for several regions. Particularly, for one of the most noticeable regions, we found that the MHD simulation for CR 2113 predicted a model that more closely resembles the vector tomography inverted magnetic fields. In another case, our tomographic reconstruction predicted an open magnetic field at a region where a coronal hole can be seen directly from a STEREO-B/EUVI image. We discuss the utilities and limitations of the tomographic inversion technique, and present ideas for future developments.
PRIMARY BLACK HOLE SPIN IN OJ 287 AS DETERMINED BY THE GENERAL RELATIVITY CENTENARY FLARE
Authors: Valtonen M. J. , Zola S. , Ciprini S. , Gopakumar A. , Matsumoto K. , Sadakane K. , Kidger M. , Gazeas K. , Nilsson K. , Berdyugin A. , Piirola V. , Jermak H. , Baliyan K. S. , Alicavus F. , Boyd D. , Torrent M. Campas , Campos F. , Gómez J. Carrillo , Caton D. B. , Chavushyan V. , Dalessio J. , Debski B. , Dimitrov D. , Drozdz M. , Er H. , Erdem A. , Pérez A. Escartin , Ramazani V. Fallah , Filippenko A. V. , Ganesh S. , Garcia F. , Pinilla F. Gómez , Gopinathan M. , Haislip J. B. , Hudec R. , Hurst G. , Ivarsen K. M. , Jelinek M. , Joshi A. , Kagitani M. , Kaur N. , Keel W. C. , LaCluyze A. P. , Lee B. C. , Lindfors E. , Haro J. Lozano de , Moore J. P. , Mugrauer M. , Nogues R. Naves , Neely A. W. , Nelson R. H. , Ogloza W. , Okano S. , Pandey J. C. , Perri M. , Pihajoki P. , Poyner G. , Provencal J. , Pursimo T. , Raj A. , Reichart D. E. , Reinthal R. , Sadegi S. , Sakanoi T. , González J.-L. Salto , Sameer  , Schweyer T. , Siwak M. , Alfaro F. C. Soldán , Sonbas E. , Steele I. , Stocke J. T. , Strobl J. , Takalo L. O. , Tomov T. , Espasa L. Tremosa , Valdes J. R. , Pérez J. Valero , Verrecchia F. , Webb J. R. , Yoneda M. , Zejmo M. , Zheng W. , Telting J. , Saario J. , Reynolds T. , Kvammen A. , Gafton E. , Karjalainen R. , Harmanen J. , Blay P.
Published: March 2016

OJ 287 is a quasi-periodic quasar with roughly 12 year optical cycles. It displays prominent outbursts that are predictable in a binary black hole model. The model predicted a major optical outburst in 2015 December. We found that the outburst did occur within the expected time range, peaking on 2015 December 5 at magnitude 12.9 in the optical R-band. Based on Swift/XRT satellite measurements and optical polarization data, we find that it included a major thermal component. Its timing provides an accurate estimate for the spin of the primary black hole,

. The present outburst also confirms the established general relativistic properties of the system such as the loss of orbital energy to gravitational radiation at the 2% accuracy level, and it opens up the possibility of testing the black hole no-hair theorem with 10% accuracy during the present decade.