bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse female and nest survival in northwestern Colorado
Authors: Barker Rachel E. , Apa Anthony D. , Lutz R. Scott
Published: September 2022

Wildlife management and conservation can be challenging when the demography of a focal species is unknown or limited given that fecundity and adult survival influence population growth. The Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) have been reduced to ≤10% of their former range since the early 1900s. We conducted a 3‐year study (2015–2017) across 4 study sites in northwestern Colorado, USA, to evaluate female hazard and nest survival. We trapped and marked 270 female sharp‐tailed grouse and identified 275 nests for our hazard and survival analyses. Females during the breeding stage of the reproductive season experienced more hazard compared to the nesting and the early and late post‐nesting stages for females without broods. Females experienced a higher degree of hazard during the breeding stage and mortality risk was >3 times higher than the nesting stage, >7 times higher than early post‐nesting (EPN)‐no brood stage, and >5 times higher than the late post‐nesting (LPN)‐unsuccessful stage. Two reproductive season stages (LPN‐successful and EPN‐brood) provided marginal inference. Nest incubation initiation date and nest age best described nest daily survival. Females that initiated incubation of initial nests earlier in the season experienced lower nest daily survival than later in the incubation season. Because female Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse hazard varied among different reproductive season stages, we recommend that wildlife managers develop management actions that reduce hazard during the specific reproductive season stages (i.e., the breeding season). For Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse in Colorado, we recommend that Colorado Parks and Wildlife collaborate with federal farm program agencies to implement a no‐tillage restriction from 1 May through 30 June for active agricultural fields within 2 km of active Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse leks to enhance nest survival.
Three‐dimensional swimming behavior and activity of a mesopelagic fish
Authors: Christiansen Svenja , Langangen Øystein , Titelman Josefin , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn , Kaartvedt Stein
Published: September 2022

Knowledge of the three‐dimensional behavior and activity patterns of mesopelagic fishes is crucial for understanding their role in ecological and biogeochemical processes in the ocean. We here show that the use of submerged stationary echosounders enables detailed analysis of three‐dimensional swimming behavior of small mesopelagic fishes in situ. We explore a 4‐month continuous dataset containing more than 100,000 nocturnal tracks of juvenile Maurolicus muelleri, obtained from a surface‐facing, moored echosounder in a Norwegian fjord. We extend previous observations of vertical nocturnal swimming and step‐wise (stop‐and‐go) dusk and dawn migrations with the corresponding horizontal and turning behavior. In the middle of the night, the M. muelleri mainly drifted with the currents. Horizontal swimming speeds were then usually below 0.5 body length s−1 but increased substantially during the step‐wise dusk and dawn vertical migration. Most vertical relocations were followed by a change in horizontal direction. Our observations are in line with hypotheses of growth maximization in the juvenile fish, and of reducing detection and encounters with predators.
Technical note: A method to synthesize magnetic resonance images in different patient rotation angles with deep learning for gantry‐free radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Cao Ying , Zhang Kaixuan , Wang Zhen , Xie Xuejie , Wang Yunxiang , Men Kuo , Dai Jianrong
Published: September 2022

Background

Recently, patient rotating devices for gantry‐free radiotherapy, a new approach to implement external beam radiotherapy, have been introduced. When a patient is rotated in the horizontal position, gravity causes anatomic deformation. For treatment planning, one feasible method is to acquire simulation images at different horizontal rotation angles.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of synthesizing magnetic resonance (MR) images at patient rotation angles of 180° (prone position) and 90° (lateral position) from those at a rotation angle of 0° (supine position) using deep learning.

Methods

This study included 23 healthy male volunteers. They underwent MR imaging (MRI) in the supine position and then in the prone (23 volunteers) and lateral (16 volunteers) positions. T1‐weighted fast spin echo was performed for all positions with the same parameters. Two two‐dimensional deep learning networks, pix2pix generative adversarial network (pix2pix GAN) and CycleGAN, were developed for synthesizing MR images in the prone and lateral positions from those in the supine position, respectively. For the evaluation of the models, leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was performed. The mean absolute error (MAE), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD) were used to determine the agreement between the prediction and ground truth for the entire body and four specific organs.

Results

For pix2pix GAN, the synthesized images were visually bad, and no quantitative evaluation was performed. The quantitative evaluation metrics of the body outlines calculated for the synthesized prone and lateral images using CycleGAN were as follows: MAE, 35.63 ± 3.98 and 40.45 ± 5.83, respectively; DSC, 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.94 ± 0.01, respectively; and HD (in pixels), 16.74 ± 3.55 and 31.69 ± 12.03, respectively. The quantitative metrics of the bladder and prostate performed were also promising for both the prone and lateral images, with mean values >0.90 in DSC (p > 0.05). The mean DSC and HD values of the bilateral femur for the prone images were 0.96 and 3.63 (in pixels), respectively, and 0.78 and 12.65 (in pixels) for the lateral images, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The CycleGAN could synthesize the MRI at lateral and prone positions using images at supine position, and it could benefit gantry‐free radiation therapy.
Cooperative relay pursuit with input saturation constraint and external disturbances
Authors: Du Shengli , Zhu Lijun , Han Honggui , Qiao Junfei
Published: September 2022

This paper studies a class of tracking consensus problem called the cooperative relay pursuit where a group of agents cooperatively pursuit and capture an evading agent that enters the surveillance region. A subgroup of agents closest to the evader is commanded to pursuit the evader and thus called pursuers, while others called surveillance agents stay at their origin places. A relay mechanism is introduced to respect the pursuit efficiency, energy constraints and other factors. As the evader moves, some pursuers that do not remain the closest vicinity of the evader leave the pursuing group, while some surveillance agents that become more closer to the evader join into the pursuing. Due to the relay mechanism, the dynamics of pursuers are naturally an impulsive system and thus is nonsmooth. This paper aims to propose a distributed controller to achieve cooperative relay pursuit even when agents are subjected to both input saturation constraint and external disturbances. A modified algebraic Riccati equation and low‐gain technique are proposed to achieve the tracking consensus with an performance. A simulation example is provided to validate the theoretical results.
On robust control invariance and robust set stabilization of mix‐valued logical control networks
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Fu Shihua , De Leone Renato , Xia Jianwei , Qiao Lishan
Published: September 2022

This article investigates the robust control invariance and robust set stabilization problems based on a semi‐tensor product method for a class of mix‐valued logical control networks (MVLCNs) with disturbances. First, a calculation method for the largest robust control invariant subset contained in a given set is proposed. Second, based on the robust control invariant subset, the robust set stabilization of MVLCNs is discussed, and new results are presented. Furthermore, the design algorithm of time‐optimal state feedback stabilizers via antecedence solution technique is derived. The study of an illustrative example shows the effectiveness of the obtained new results.
Sculpting Electrochemically Growing or Grown Microarchitectures
Authors: Wang Yanling , Zhao Liyan , Cui Aoran , Wang Xiaojiang , He Qinggang , Yang Shikuan
Published: September 2022

Microarchitectures with complex interior structures are important for many applications. However, engineering complex interior structures within microarchitectures are challenging. This article reports the introduction of electrochemical sculpting processes to carve the microarchitectures during or after their electrochemical growing process to design the interior structure of the microarchitectures. The electrochemical growing and sculpting process tangle together under the constant voltage electrodeposition mode with their strength depending on the ion concentration gradient and the voltage value. The unique thawing process of the frozen electrolyte is used to create the desired sharp ion concentration gradient, and has the potential to control the strength of the sculpting and the growing processes. How to completely decouple the growing and the sculpting process is further studied to gain more accurate control over the interior structures of the microarchitectures. It is revealed that the sculpting process can be exclusively applied onto the electrochemically grown microarchitectures simply by reversing the electric field without triggering any growing processes. Microarchitectures with complex interior structures, including micropyramids with a single cavity exclusively at the outward or every apex to multi‐walled hollow pyramids with designable wall numbers and inter‐wall distances are prepared as examples.
Statische Tragfähigkeit von geschweißten, hochfesten Hohlprofilknoten – FOSTA Forschungsverbund HOCHFEST: Projekte „Hochfeste Hohlprofilknoten“
Authors: Ummenhofer Thomas , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Engelhardt Imke , Feldmann Markus , Stroetmann Richard , Hensel Jonas , Knecht Wigand , Münch Adrian , Weidner Philipp , Weinert Joscha , Larasser Valentin , Bartsch Helen , Kästner Thoralf , Rust Brian , Schmidt Jan , Hälsig André , Neumann Martin , Schaffrath Simon
Published: September 2022

Fachwerkkonstruktionen aus direkt verschweißten Hohlprofilen unter vorwiegend ruhender Beanspruchung werden in vielen Bereichen des Stahlhochbaus und der Infrastruktur, wie bei Fußgängerbrücken, sowie im Anlagen‐ oder Mobilkranbau eingesetzt. Die Verwendung hochfester Stähle ermöglicht bei hohen Tragfähigkeitsanforderungen und großen Spannweiten eine materialsparende Bauweise. Zur Ausnutzung dieses Potenzials sind Bemessungsregeln erforderlich, die die spezifischen Eigenschaften dieser Stähle zutreffend erfassen. Die derzeit gültigen Bemessungsregeln für Hohlprofilanschlüsse wurden anhand von Versuchen mit normalfesten Stählen auf semiempirische Weise hergeleitet. Im Rahmen dieser Versuche zeigte sich, dass durch Plastizieren lokale Spannungsspitzen abgebaut und sekundäre Biegemomente umgelagert werden. Im Unterschied zu normalfesten Stählen weisen hochfeste Stähle ein geringeres plastisches Umlagerungsvermögen auf. Dem wird in den Bemessungsregeln derzeit durch pauschale, abgeschätzte Abminderungsfaktoren Rechnung getragen, die für hochfeste Hohlprofile bislang nicht ausreichend experimentell validiert wurden. Durch die Projekte zu den „Hochfesten Hohlprofilknoten“ im FOSTA Forschungsverbund HOCHFEST sollen differenzierte und abgesicherte Bemessungsregeln hergeleitet werden, die einen wirtschaftlichen und ressourcenschonenden Einsatz hochfester Stähle in Hohlprofilkonstruktionen ermöglichen.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of a Series of Five [M{Me2Si(NPh)2}L2] Complexes (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn) With NHC Co‐ligands
Authors: Heiser Christian , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: September 2022

A series of five M(II) silylamide complexes [M{Me2Si(NPh)2}(iPr2Im)2] (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn), iPr2Im=1,3‐diisopropylimidazoline‐2‐ylidene) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X‐ray analyses. The Cr(II) complex [Cr{Me2Si(NPh)2}(iPr2Im)2] exhibits a distorted square planar coordination from a chelating Me2Si(NPh)2 group and two NHC ligands. In the case of the Mn, Fe, Co and Zn derivatives the coordination mode is distorted tetrahedral. With exception of the Zn complex all derivatives are paramagnetic with μeff. values of 4.71 B.M. (Cr), 5.08 B.M. (Fe), 5.91 B.M. (Mn) and 3.94 B.M. (Co).
Verständnisgrundlagen
Authors: Muth Lydia
Published: September 2022

Im zweiten Kapitel werden verschiedene Grundlagen erläutert, welche zum tieferen Verständnis der Thematik notwendig sind. Zuerst wird das Krankheitsbild in Symptomatik und Auswirkung beschrieben. Anschließend werden das aktuelle System der Eingliederungshilfe sowie die rechtlichen und ethischen Grundlagen für sich, wie auch in Bezug auf den aktuell erfolgenden Paradigmenwechsel in der sozialen Arbeit als Basis der praktischen Hilfe erörtert. Besonders eingegangen wird auf die Wichtigkeit der Kontextfaktoren des bio-psychosozialen Gesundheitsmodells für personenzentrierte ganzheitliche Teilhabeförderung. Weiterhin wird eine Definition für den Begriff „Teilhabe als Zielkonstrukt institutioneller Hilfe“ erarbeitet und als systemisches Modell derart verdeutlicht, dass auch der Begriff auch der Klientel verständlich gemacht werden kann.
Analyse bestehender Instrumente zur Ermittlung des Finanzierungsbedarfes
Authors: Muth Lydia
Published: September 2022

Das vierte Kapitel befasst sich mit der Analyse verschiedener Bedarfserfassungsinstrumente der Eingliederungshilfe wie auch der Pflege. Hierbei werden zum einen die Instrumente (Sach- und Entwicklungsberichte, Integrierte Teilhabeplanung [ITP], ITP-Brandenburg „Version 0“, Brandenburger Instrument zur Hilfebedarfserfassung, Bedarfsermittlungsinstrument Nordrhein-Westfalen [BEI_NRW], Barthel-Index) vorgestellt. Gleichzeitig wird darauf eingegangen, ob die Instrumente anwendbar sind hinsichtlich der Ermittlung von Leistungs- und Finanzierungsbedarf und der Passung auf die Klientel der CMA-Erkrankten. Die Abschlussbetrachtung dieses Kapitels diskutiert die Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung eines neuen Instrumentes.
Entwicklung eines neuen Instrumentes
Authors: Muth Lydia
Published: September 2022

Im fünften Kapitel werden allgemeine sowie grundlegende inhaltliche und strukturelle Vorüberlegungen eines neuen Bedarfserfassungsinstrumentes aufgezeigt und analysiert. Hierfür werden unter anderem die Notwendigkeit der krankheitsspezifischen Ausrichtung des Instrumentes, ob der Leistungsbedarf oder der Hilfebedarf als Grundlage für die Finanzierung zu wählen ist oder Probleme zur Messbarkeit und der Maßeinheit des Aufwands von Hilfeleistungen erörtert. Strukturell werden Aspekte wie eine getrennte Bearbeitung von Hilfebedarf, Leistungsbedarf, Finanzierungsbedarf oder die Vor- und Nachteile von paper’n’pen-Versionen gegenüber computergestützter Erfassung diskutiert. Weiterhin werden Einflussfaktoren auf eine differenzierte Finanzierung eruiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Vorbetrachtungen werden am Ende jedes Unterpunktes zusammengefasst und fließen in die Erstellung des neuen Bedarfserfassungsinstrumentes mit ein.
Epidemiology of hand injuries that presented to a tertiary care facility in Germany: a study including 435 patients
Authors: Moellhoff Nicholas , Throner Veronika , Frank Konstantin , Benne Ashley , Coenen Michaela , Giunta Riccardo E. , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Hand injuries compose up to 30% of all injuries in emergency care. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data reflecting patient or accident-related variables, injury types, injured anatomical structures or trauma localization.

Objective

The objective of this study is (1) to provide epidemiological information on hand injuries and their patterns and (2) to visualise the frequencies of affected areas of the hand in relation to the most common trauma mechanisms using color-coded heatmaps.

Methods

This prospective single-center observational trial conducted at a surgical emergency department in Germany collected data of hand trauma patients using a standardized documentation form. Demographic data, trauma-related data, diagnostic and therapeutic measures were analyzed. Color-coded heatmaps were generated marking anatomic danger zones.

Results

435 patients with a mean age of 39.5 were included. Most patients admitted on their own initiative (79%). Leisure and sport injuries were most frequent (75%). Digiti II–V were injured most commonly (43%), followed by metacarpals (19%) and the thumb (14%). Blunt trauma and cuts accounted for most injuries (74%). Hand-graphics depicted color-coded frequencies of the affected areas of the palmar and dorsal aspect of the hand for the most common types of injury, as well as the most frequent circumstances of accident. Elective surgery was recommended in 25% of cases, and hand surgical follow-up was proposed in over 50% of cases.

Conclusions

The dorsal aspect of the hand including the 5th metacarpal, the radial wrist and thenar region, as well as the fingertips of Digiti II/III represent anatomic danger zones to injury of the hand. Due to the large variety of potentially injured structures, diagnosis and treatment is not trivial. Specific training is required for all surgical specialties in emergency care, to increase quality of diagnostic work-up and management of hand injuries.
Need for improving immunization status and preventive care in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Gisinger Teresa , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Leutner Michael
Published: September 2022

Background

The incidence and the comorbidities, such as infectious diseases (e.g. pneumonia or influenza) of diabetes mellitus are increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate immunization status and preventive care in diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods

Two groups from the Austrian health interview survey 2014 were identified, a cohort of diabetes mellitus (DM) individuals (n = 678) and a non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) cohort (n = 15,093). The frequencies of doctors’ visits, preventive care and immunization status were compared. Furthermore, the study population was divided by age (> 50 years, < 50 years) and differences between > 50 years old DM with < 50 years old DM and the > 50 years old DM and > 50 years old Non-DM cohort were investigated.

Results

In the DM cohort a higher frequency of influenza immunization (13.3% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001), doctor visits (89.4% vs. 75.4%, p < 0.001), and preventive care, such as colonoscopy (11.2% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001) and hemoccult tests (32.6% vs. 22.1%, p < 0.001) was observed. Even though older DM individuals have a higher risk for complications, the > 50 years DM cohort has similar frequencies of colonoscopy, hemoccult test and immunization against influenza and TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) compared to > 50 years Non-DM. Although the > 50 years old DM cohort had a higher frequency of doctors’ visits, they still had lower frequencies of mammography and dentists’ visits compared to > 50 years old Non-DM. In comparison to the < 50 years old DM cohort, the > 50 years DM cohort was related to lower intact immunization status of tetanus, diphtheria, Polio and TBE. Still a higher frequency of intact immunization of pneumococcus, influenza and doctors’ visits in the > 50 years old DM cohort compared to the < 50 years old DM cohort can be reported.

Conclusion

Preventive care and immunization status in the DM cohort just differ slightly from the general cohort but still should be improved.
CCL24/CCR3 axis plays a central role in angiotensin II–induced heart failure by stimulating M2 macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xu Hongfei , Chen Miao , Lu Yunlong , Zheng Liangrong , Ma Liang
Published: September 2022

Aims

We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of pleiotropic chemokine CCL24 in heart failure.

Methods and results

Compared with normal donators, the expression of CCL24 and number of cardiac M2 macrophages in heart were higher in heart failure patients, the same as plasma CCL24. Treatment with CCL24 antibody hindered Ang II (1500 ng/kg/min)–induced cardiac adverse remodeling through preventing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. RNA-seq showed that CCL24/CCR3 axis was involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Single-cell analysis of cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) revealed that CCL24 antibody decreased the M2 macrophage and monocyte polarization during Ang II stimulation. Immunofluorescence co-localization analysis confirmed the expression of CCR3 in macrophage and fibroblasts. Then, in vitro experiments confirmed that CCL24/CCR3 axis was also involved in cardiac primary fibroblast activation through its G protein–coupled receptor function.

Conclusion

CCL24/CCR3 axis plays a crucial part in cardiac remodeling by stimulating M2 macrophage polarization and cardiac fibroblast activation.

Graphical abstract

Cardiac M2 macrophages, CCL24 and circulation CCL24 increased in heart failure patients. Treatment with CCL24 Ab hindered Ang II induced cardiac structural dysfunction and electrical remodeling. In CCL24 Ab group RNA-seq found that it was related to immune responses and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, CytoF revealed M2 macrophages and monocytes decreased obviously. In vitro,CCL24 promoted activation and migration of cardiac fibroblast.
The Technological Behaviours of Homo antecessor: Core Management and Reduction Intensity at Gran Dolina-TD6.2 (Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Lombao Diego , Rabuñal José Ramón , Morales Juan Ignacio , Ollé Andreu , Carbonell Eudald , Mosquera Marina
Published: September 2022

The ability of early hominins to overcome the constraints imposed by the characteristics of raw materials used for stone tool production is a key topic on the discussion about the evolution of hominin cognitive capabilities and technical behaviours. Thus, technological variability has been the centrepiece on this debate. However, the variability of lithic assemblages cannot be correctly interpreted without understanding site occupational models and function and considering that individual tools represent specific discard moments in a continuous reduction process. In Europe, the earliest technological record is represented by the scarce and scattered Mode 1 technologies, often deriving from occasional occupations or restricted activity areas yielding unrepresentative assemblages. In this paper, we approach the technological behaviours exhibited by Lower Palaeolithic hominins from the subunit TD6.2 of the Gran Dolina site (Atapuerca, Burgos) by including the perspective of reduction intensity studies on the analysis of technological variability. Gran Dolina TD6.2 is a unique and extremely significant archaeological context, as it represents the oldest multi-layered unit of domestic hominin occupations in the Early Pleistocene of Europe. We use the Volumetric Reconstruction Method (VRM) to estimate the original volume of the blanks and quantify the reduction intensity of each core individually to characterise the reduction distribution patterns using Weibull probability distribution functions. Our results suggest differential raw material management in terms of reduction intensity, according to the characteristics of each lithology. This could reflect a solid understanding of raw material qualities and a certain degree of planning. Altogether, the continuity between knapping strategies through reduction denotes constant adaptation to raw material constraints as well as particular knapping conditions, rather than specific compartmentalised mental schemes. In conclusion,Homo antecessortoolmakers would have been situational knappers whose technological behaviour would be highly adaptive. This research constitutes the first reduction approach for the European Early Pleistocene assemblages that will lead to a referential framework for other European Early Pleistocene sites.
On the way to remote sensing of alpha radiation: radioluminescence of pitchblende samples
Authors: Klose Annika , Luchkov Maksym , Dangendorf Volker , Krasniqi Faton , Lehnert Aaron , Walther Clemens
Published: September 2022

In the framework of the project RemoteALPHA, an optical scanning system for remote sensing of alpha emitters using radioluminescence is being developed. After the feasibility of the technique was proven, current work aims at improving the sensitivity for detection of low surface activities. As calibration standard, pitchblende minerals were prepared. Their surface count rate of 80 Bq cm-2 to 105 Bq cm-2 was measured by alpha-track-detection and alpha-spectroscopy. Subsequently, radioluminescence measurements were performed in a sealed chamber filled with different gas atmospheres. The radioluminescence signal was measured in UVC and UVA spectral ranges for all samples.
Interactive, Browser-Based Graphics to Visualize Complex Data in Education of Biomedical Sciences for Veterinary Students
Authors: Liebig Pamela , Pröhl Heike , Sudhaus-Jörn Nadine , Hankel Julia , Visscher Christian , Jung Klaus
Published: September 2022

In veterinary education, data from biomedical or natural sciences are mostly presented in the form of static or animated graphics with no or little amount of interactivity. These kinds of presentations are, however, often not sufficient to depict the complexity of the data or the presented topic. Interactive graphics, which allow to dynamically change data and related graphics, have rarely been considered as teaching tool in higher education of biomedical disciplines for veterinary education so far. In order to study the applicability and the usefulness of interactive graphics in biomedical disciplines for lecturers and students in veterinary education, three different courses from biomedical disciplines were exemplarily implemented as interactive graphics and evaluated in a pilot study by a survey amongst lecturers and students of our university. The interactive graphics were built using the Shiny environment, a web-based application framework for the statistic software R. The survey amongst lecturers and students was based on questionnaires covering questions on the handling and usefulness of the digital teaching tools. In total, n = 327 students and n = 5 lecturers participated in the evaluation study which revealed that the interactive graphics are easy to handle for lecturers and students, and that they can increase the motivation for either teaching or learning. In total, 71% of the students affirmed that interactive graphics led to an increased interest for the presented contents and 76% expressed the wish to get taught more topics with interactive graphics. We also provide a workflow that can be used as a guideline to develop interactive graphics.
Wealth, Land, and Property in Angola
Authors: Candido Mariana P.
Published: September 2022

Exploring the multifaceted history of dispossession, consumption, and inequality in West Central Africa, Mariana P. Candido presents a bold revisionist history of Angola from the sixteenth century until the Berlin Conference of 1884–5. Synthesising disparate strands of scholarship, including the histories of slavery, land tenure, and gender in West Central Africa, Candido makes a significant contribution to ongoing historical debates. She demonstrates how ideas about dominion and land rights eventually came to inform the appropriation and enslavement of free people and their labour. By centring the experiences of West Central Africans, and especially African women, this book challenges dominant historical narratives, and shows that securing property was a gendered process. Drawing attention to how archives obscure African forms of knowledge and normalize conquest, Candido interrogates simplistic interpretations of ownership and pushes for the decolonization of African history.
Line bundles on rigid spaces in thev-topology
Authors: Heuer Ben
Published: September 2022

For a smooth rigid spaceXover a perfectoid field extensionKof$\mathbb {Q}_p$, we investigate how thev-Picard group of the associated diamond$X^{\diamondsuit }$differs from the analytic Picard group ofX. To this end, we construct a left-exact ‘Hodge–Tate logarithm’ sequence$$\begin{align*}0\to \operatorname{Pic}_{\mathrm{an}}(X)\to \operatorname{Pic}_v(X^{\diamondsuit})\to H^0(X,\Omega_X^1)\{-1\}. \end{align*}$$

We deduce some analyticity criteria which have applications top-adic modular forms. For algebraically closedK, we show that the sequence is also right-exact ifXis proper or one-dimensional. In contrast, we show that, for the affine space$\mathbb {A}^n$, the image of the Hodge–Tate logarithm consists precisely of the closed differentials. It follows that, up to a splitting,v-line bundles may be interpreted as Higgs bundles. For properX, we use this to construct thep-adic Simpson correspondence of rank one.
Does Non-violent Repression Have Stronger Dampening Effects than State Violence? Insight from an Emotion-Based Model of Non-violent Dissent
Authors: Dornschneider-Elkink Stephanie , Edmonds Bruce
Published: September 2022

The effects of repression on dissent are debated widely. We contribute to the debate by developing an agent-based model grounded in ethnographic interviews with dissidents. Building on new psychology research, the model integrates emotions as a dynamic context of dissent. The model moreover differentiates between four repression types: violence, street blockages, curfews and Facebook cuts. The simulations identify short-term dampening effects of each repression type, with a maximum effect related to non-violent forms of repression. The simulations also show long-term spurring effects, which are most strongly associated with state violence. In addition, the simulations identify nonlinear short-term spurring effects of state violence on early stage dissent. Such effects are not observed for the remaining repressive measures. Contrasting with arguments that violence deters dissent, this suggests that violence may fuel dissent, while non-violent repression might suppress it.
Colon surgical-site infections and the impact of “present at the time of surgery (PATOS)” in a large network of community hospitals
Authors: Seidelman Jessica L. , Ge Maojun , Baker Arthur W. , Lewis Sarah , Advani Sonali D. , Smith Becky , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

To describe the epidemiology of complex colon surgical procedures (COLO), stratified by present at time of surgery (PATOS) surgical-site infections (SSIs) and non-PATOS SSIs and their impact on the epidemiology of colon-surgery SSIs.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

SSI data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing colon surgical procedures (COLOs) as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) at 34 community hospitals in the southeastern United States from January 2015 to June 2019. Logistic regression models identified specific characteristics of complex COLO SSIs, complex non-PATOS COLO SSIs, and complex PATOS COLO SSIs.

Results:

Over the 4.5-year study period, we identified 720 complex COLO SSIs following 28,188 COLO surgeries (prevalence rate, 2.55 per 100 procedures). Overall, 544 complex COLO SSIs (76%) were complex non-PATOS COLO SSIs (prevalence rate [PR], 1.93 per 100 procedures) and 176 (24%) complex PATOS COLO SSIs (PR, 0.62 per 100 procedures). Age >75 years and operation duration in the >75th percentile were independently associated with non-PATOS SSIs but not PATOS SSIs. Conversely, emergency surgery and hospital volume for COLO procedures were independently associated with PATOS SSIs but not non-PATOS SSIs. The proportion of polymicrobial SSIs was significantly higher for non-PATOS SSIs compared with PATOS SSIs.

Conclusions:

Complex PATOS COLO SSIs have distinct features from complex non-PATOS COLO SSIs. Removal of PATOS COLO SSIs from public reporting allows more accurate comparisons among hospitals that perform different case mixes of colon surgeries.
Bacterial Degradation of Wood by Tunnel Formation: Role of TEM in Understanding the Intricate Architecture of Tunnels and the Cell Wall Degradation Process
Authors: Singh Adya P , Singh Shruti , Bari Ehsan
Published: September 2022

Certain bacteria degrade wood by creating tunnels in cell walls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has played a key role in understanding the intricate architecture of the tunnels produced within the cell wall and the process of cell wall degradation. The most prominent feature of tunnels is the presence of periodic crescent-shaped slime bands, which is the single most important diagnostic characteristic of bacterial tunneling-type cell wall degradation. The review presented covers the aspects relevant to understanding bacterial tunneling of wood cell walls, emphasizing the importance of the application of TEM in this area of research.
Sonar Observation of Heat Flux of Diffuse Hydrothermal Flows
Authors: Jackson Darrell , Bemis Karen , Xu Guangyu , Ivakin Anatoliy
Published: September 2022

Previous work using multibeam sonar to map diffuse hydrothermal flows is extended to estimate the heat output of diffuse flows. In the first step toward inversion, temperature statistics are obtained from sonar data and compared to thermistor data in order to set the value of an empirical constant. Finally, a simple model is used to obtain heat‐flux density from sonar‐derived temperature statistics. The method is applied to data from the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS) deployed on the Ocean Observatories Initiative's Regional Cabled Array at the ASHES vent field on Axial Seamount. Inversion results are presented as maps of heat‐flux density in MW/m2 and as time series of heat‐flux density averaged over COVIS' field of view.
How We’re Reshaping Global Water Storage
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: September 2022

Researchers modeled and mapped how eight key aspects of human societies affect hydrological cycles.
Dynamic Jovian Magnetosphere Responses to Enhanced Solar Wind Ram Pressure: Implications for Auroral Activities
Authors: Feng Enhao , Zhang Binzheng , Yao Zhonghua , Delamere Peter A. , Zheng Zhiqi , Brambles Oliver J. , Ye Sheng‐Yi , Sorathia Kareem A.
Published: September 2022

The main emission (ME) of the Jovian aurora is thought to be related to the current system associated with the breakdown of plasma corotation in the middle magnetosphere. According to the mainstream corotation breakdown model, the intensity of the Jovian ME is expected to decrease when the solar wind (SW) ram pressure increases, which is not fully consistent with auroral observations. In addition to the field‐aligned current (FAC), Alfvénic power (AP) play an important role in regulating planetary auroral emissions. We use three‐dimensional global simulations to investigate how these proxies of auroral emission respond to enhanced SW ram pressure. We found that during SW compression, both FAC and AP experience up‐down‐up trends, which is not revealed by any previous simulations, while could potentially explain many observations. The results suggest that different Jovian auroral activities including brightening or dimming can be observed during SW compression period.
Climate‐Driven Variations in Nitrogen Retention From a Riverine Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Meadow
Authors: Botrel M. , Hudon C. , Heffernan J. B. , Biron P. M. , Maranger R.
Published: September 2022

Large rivers can retain a substantial amount of nitrogen (N), particularly in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) meadows that may act as disproportionate control points for N retention. However, the temporal variation of N retention in large rivers remains unknown since past measurements were snapshots in time. Using high‐frequency plants and NO3− measurements over the summers 2012–2017, we investigated how the climate variation influenced N retention in a SAV meadow (∼10 km2) at the confluence zone of two agricultural tributaries entering the St. Lawrence River. Distinctive combinations of water temperature and level were recorded between years, ranging from extreme hot‐low (2012) and cold‐high (2017) summers (2°C and 1.4 m interannual range). Using an indicator of SAV biomass, we found that these extreme hot‐low and cold‐high years had reduced biomass compared to hot summers with intermediate levels. In addition, changes in main stem water levels were asynchronous with the tributary discharges that controlled NO3− inputs at the confluence. We estimated daily N uptake rates from a moored NO3− sensor and partitioned these into assimilatory and dissimilatory pathways. Measured rates were variable but among the highest reported in rivers (median 576 mg N m−2 d−1, range 60–3,893 mg N m−2 d−1) and SAV biomass promoted greater proportional retention and permanent N loss through denitrification. We estimated that the SAV meadow could retain up to 0.8 kt N per year and 87% of N inputs, but this valuable ecosystem service is contingent on how climate variations modulate both N loads and SAV biomass.
Effectiveness of Family Based Behavioral Treatment in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Young Children
Authors: Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. , Bates Carolyn R. , Pona Ashleigh A. , Reder Miriam , Hampl Sarah E.
Published: September 2022

Objective: Reducing obesity prevalence requires effective, early intervention. Yet, there is a paucity of research on effective family based behavioral treatments (FBBTs) for preschool-aged children, and youth from diverse ethnic backgrounds are underrepresented. Methodological issues also complicate the measurement of change in adiposity in young children. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief FBBT targeting diverse, underserved families. The study examined child weight over time and explored differential effectiveness of the program based on child age and ethnicity. The study additionally examined differences in outcomes based on adiposity measurement strategy. Methods: One hundred fifty-seven children with overweight/obesity (ages 2–9) and their families participated in a 6-week, no cost, group FBBT intervention at a large Midwestern children’s hospital. Parents were the primary targets of treatment, although the entire family attended sessions. Child height and weight were measured at baseline, end of treatment (6 weeks), and 6-month follow-up. Results: Children evidenced significant reductions in weight when measured by Body Mass Index z-score ( zBMI) and percent of the 95th percentile. Young children (ages 2–5) had significantly higher zBMI at baseline, and experienced more significant reductions in zBMI over time, compared to older children. There were no significant differences in weight change based on ethnicity. Conclusions: This brief FBBT group intervention demonstrated effectiveness among ethnically diverse youth and was especially effective for young children.

Implications for Impact Statement

Young, ethnic minority youth with severe obesity are a population in great need of effective weight management interventions, but have not been the focus of family based behavioral treatment (FBBT) research to date. Findings from the current study extend effectiveness research on FBBTs to this important and high-risk group. The study highlights the utility of targeting parents as change agents for interventions with young children, and also discusses concrete examples of strategies to overcome barriers to access for families that have been historically underrepresented in intervention research (e.g., non-English speaking families, families with low income).
Incorporating DEI Informed-Frameworks and Increasing Access to Parent-Focused Interventions in Pediatric Psychology
Authors: Junger Katherine W. , Kahhan Nicole A.
Published: September 2022

Objective: The ethical imperative to work with the parents, caregivers, and guardians (hereafter, parents) of pediatric patients has been highlighted. However, parents continue to be underserved in pediatric health care settings. The syndemics of COVID-19 and mental health further magnified health disparities and the differential impacts of social determinants of health on the wellbeing of those from minority or disadvantaged backgrounds. Therefore, dedicated efforts to developing holistic, culturally responsive, accessible, and effective interventions that meet the needs of the child and parents have never been more needed. Methods: Papers highlighting the role of pediatric psychology in working with parents while also emphasizing issues of diversity, equity, inclusion and access in screening and interventions were solicited and considered for this issue. Results: This Special Issue includes 11 articles highlighting efforts to (a) support parents’ unmet needs in medical subspecialty settings, (b) utilize a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) framework to develop and adapt interventions specifically designed to support these populations; and (c) improve access to behavioral health for vulnerable populations through different modes of care. This issue also includes a commentary outlining advocacy actions which can be taken by pediatric psychologists working with the families of transgender and gender diverse youth, with implications for advocating across populations. Conclusions: This issue highlights opportunities for pediatric psychologists to collectively and individually better support families and close health equity gaps through clinical and research avenues, as well as through opportunities for advocacy.

Implications for Impact Statement

The aim of this special issue is to further highlight the ethical imperative that exists for mental health providers in pediatric settings to address the mental health needs of parents, caregivers, and guardians, with an emphasis on diversity, access, equity, and inclusion. Pediatric psychologists can and should utilize existing skills to help all families reach their fullest potential through their involvement in research, clinical services, and advocacy efforts, with articles in this offering examples for implementation models.
Molecular interactions of FG nucleoporin repeats at high resolution
Authors: Ibáñez de Opakua Alain , Geraets James A. , Frieg Benedikt , Dienemann Christian , Savastano Adriana , Rankovic Marija , Cima-Omori Maria-Sol , Schröder Gunnar F. , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: September 2022

Proteins that contain repeat phenylalanine-glycine (FG) residues phase separate into oncogenic transcription factor condensates in malignant leukaemias, form the permeability barrier of the nuclear pore complex and mislocalize in neurodegenerative diseases. Insights into the molecular interactions of FG-repeat nucleoporins have, however, remained largely elusive. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and cryoelectron microscopy, we have identified uniformly spaced segments of transient β-structure and a stable preformed α-helix recognized by messenger RNA export factors in the FG-repeat domain of human nucleoporin 98 (Nup98). In addition, we have determined at high resolution the molecular organization of reversible FG–FG interactions in amyloid fibrils formed by a highly aggregation-prone segment in Nup98. We have further demonstrated that amyloid-like aggregates of the FG-repeat domain of Nup98 have low stability and are reversible. Our results provide critical insights into the molecular interactions underlying the self-association and phase separation of FG-repeat nucleoporins in physiological and pathological cell activities.
Modular cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras for targeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins
Authors: Pance Katarina , Gramespacher Josef A. , Byrnes James R. , Salangsang Fernando , Serrano Juan-Antonio C. , Cotton Adam D. , Steri Veronica , Wells James A.
Published: September 2022

Targeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins via lysosomal delivery is an important means to modulate extracellular biology. However, these approaches have limitations due to lack of modularity, ease of development, restricted tissue targeting and applicability to both cell surface and extracellular proteins. We describe a lysosomal degradation strategy, termed cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras (KineTACs), that addresses these limitations. KineTACs are fully genetically encoded bispecific antibodies consisting of a cytokine arm, which binds its cognate cytokine receptor, and a target-binding arm for the protein of interest. We show that KineTACs containing the cytokine CXCL12 can use the decoy recycling receptor, CXCR7, to target a variety of target proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Additional KineTACs were designed to harness other CXCR7-targeting cytokines, CXCL11 and vMIPII, and the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor-targeting cytokine IL-2. Thus, KineTACs represent a general, modular, selective and simple genetically encoded strategy for inducing lysosomal delivery of extracellular and cell surface targets with broad or tissue-specific distribution.
RNAa-mediated epigenetic attenuation of the cell senescence via locus specific induction of endogenous SIRT1
Authors: Mokhberian Neda , Sharifi Kazem , Soleymaninejadian Ehsan , Eftekhary Mohamad , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Farhadi Shohreh , Miwa Satomi , Ghanbarian Hossein
Published: September 2022

SIRT1, a known regulator of cellular senescence, is a therapeutic target for age related disorders and its upregulation is a strategy to improve the cell therapeutic potentials of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). Knockdown of natural antisense transcripts via small activating RNAs (RNAa) is an emerging approach for safe and locus specific gene regulation. We have recently identified a natural antisense transcript at human SIRT1 locus (SIRT1-NAT), the expression of which shows a negative correlation with that of SIRT1. To test the hypothetic upregulation of SIRT1 via knockdown of SIRT1-NAT, in this study we designed a single stranded oligonucleotide (SIRT1-antagoNAT) against the antisense transcript, transfection of which efficiently knocked down the SIRT1-NAT and induced SIRT1 transcription in human MSCs. In addition, activation of SIRT1 transfection via knockdown of SIRT1-NAT in human MSCs enhanced their proliferation and differentiation potentials, reduced senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and reversed the senescence associated molecular alterations. Our findings introduce an RNAa mediated approach for epigenetic induction of endogenous SIRT1 and the consequent attenuation of senescence. Further studies should evaluate the therapeutic potentials of this approach against various age related disorders.