bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las nuevas tecnologías y el comercio exterior
Authors:   Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Carrera López Jean Steve , Martínez Hinojosa Roberto Marcelo ,   Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
Published: March 2022

Las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación e información han revolucionado toda la vida del ser humano, desde la invención de la internet muchos han sido los avances y cambios en el día a día de cualquier persona, ha provocado un impacto enorme en la manera de comunicarnos, ha revolucionado a la industria en general, a tal punto de que hoy día ya no se concibe una empresa sin al menos tener conectividad al internet, algo que es lo más básico, ya se habla de comercio electrónico, y esto no es más que el cambio que proporcionaron las nuevas tecnologías al avance del comercio exterior, y es que este tipo de comercio ha sido altamente impactado por la adaptación y puesta en marcha de tecnologías que están al servicio de la comercialización de bienes y servicios, el presente artículo recaba la inclusión de estas nuevas tecnologías en el comercio internacional y sus impactos a los mercados internacionales por medio de la revisión bibliográfica de diferentes artículos, libros, tesis entre otros documentos de interés.
Falsificación de marcas, competencia desleal y sanciones de la organización mundial del comercio
Authors:   Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador, León Cedeño Pedro Ufredo , Martillo Pazmiño Ítalo Omar ,   Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
Published: March 2022

El comercio es una de las actividades más estratégicas en el mundo actual; ya que genera fuentes de empleo directos e indirectos, ingresos, se incentiva el gasto, consumo y tributos, sin embargo el proceso no siempre funciona en la legalidad, por ello el tema de investigación acerca de la falsificación de marcas, competencia desleal y actuación de la organización mundial del comercio para prevenir la falsificación, en el método se utiliza la descripción, investigación documental con el uso de técnicas como análisis de contenido y análisis de documentos, informes y acuerdos de la Organización Mundial del Comercio. Los resultados muestran y comparan cifras y porcentajes, se concluye con las acciones que realizan varios Estados para controlar dichas actividades, la protección de la propiedad intelectual es insuficiente; la tecnología contribuye a que realizar copias de productos sea una actividad fácil de realizar con escaso control.
Geology and Geochronology of the Miocene Rio Blanco Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Northern Peru
Authors: Chen Nian , Pratt Warren , Mao Jingwen , Xie Guiqing , Moisy Michel , Santos Alan , Guo Weimin , Zheng Wei , Liu Junan
Published: March 2022

The Rio Blanco porphyry Cu-Mo deposit occurs at the north end of the Miocene metallogenic belt of northern Peru. It has a thick supergene enrichment blanket; while normal for hyperarid Chile, this is unusual in mountainous, cloud forest terrain. Rio Blanco is hosted by the Portachuela batholith. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the youngest part of the batholith was emplaced at 12.43 ± 0.13 Ma.

The deposit formed during three magmatic-hydrothermal cycles. Cycle 1, by far the most important, occurred at 11.50 ± 0.17 to 10.92 ± 0.14 Ma (zircon U-Pb). Two intermineralization intrusions caused early potassic and propylitic alteration. This was then overprinted by a blanket of quartz-sericite, grading down into sericite-chlorite alteration. Cycle 1 was finally cut by a quartz-sericite–cemented breccia, which contains the highest-grade hypogene Cu-Mo grades. A cycle 1 molybdenite-bearing vein has a molybdenite Re-Os model age of 11.43 ± 0.16 Ma. Molybdenite Re-Os dating of the quartz-sericite–cemented breccias shows brecciation occurred at 11.28 ± 0.24 to 11.11 ± 0.18 Ma.

Cycle 2 was restricted to the east side, where narrow porphyritic dacite 1 dikes (dated by zircon U-Pb at 10.62 ± 0.16 Ma) show biotite alteration and economic copper. Cycle 3, at 10.02 ± 0.12 to 9.06 ± 0.09 Ma (zircon U-Pb), was triggered by a swarm of NE-striking quartz-plagioclase porphyry and porphyritic dacite 2 dikes. Alteration was milder, and this cycle did not introduce economic copper. Nonmineralized pebble dikes cut the system, emanating from a major diatreme, about 3 × 1.3 km in size, on the north side of the deposit.

The magmatic-hydrothermal history spanned about 2.5 m.y., with economic mineralization over about 1.48 m.y. However, metals were mostly introduced during cycle 1, which lasted approximately 0.58 m.y. Our work shows that while multiple magmatic-hydrothermal cycles produced Rio Blanco, sufficient metals were introduced to form a giant porphyry deposit within a single magmatic-hydrothermal cycle.
Music Production Technology in New Nollywood Soundtracks: Context, Application, and the Effect of Globalization
Authors: Anyanwu Obumneke S. , Sylvanus Emaeyak P.
Published: March 2022

New Nollywood refers to a segment of Nigerian cinema that began in 2012. The industry is based in Lagos and focuses on Hollywood-style approaches to film and film music. Generally, very little has been written about technologies in the film music of Nigerian cinema. This article is the first to focus explicitly on the impact of modern music production technology in New Nollywood soundtracks. Adopting descriptive as well as survey and historical methods of research, this article reveals what the specific and available technologies for film music in New Nollywood were and currently are; how the practitioners have employed them; as well as how the effects of such technologies have shaped the industry's cultural and economics choices. In addition to a review of the broad literature on cinema and film music, the methodology also relies on studio observation sessions with current industry practitioners as well as an analysis of the New Nollywood film The Bling Lagosians (2019). Taken together, findings reveal that the quality of New Nollywood film music is fluid and reflective of changes to the economic, cultural, and technological preferences of practitioners.
ASSESSMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Butt SJ , Abbas U , Arshad A , Ahmad B , Ashraf A , Haseeb M , Butt AF , Rana MA , Hafeez MM
Published: March 2022

There is an increased prevalence of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and it is a well-known human malignant cancer.Oxidative stress markersare helpful in diagnosis andto assess the progression malignancy. The current analysis aimed to determine the altered levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This research was conducted by the general pathology department of Institute of dentistry, CMH Lahore,from September 17, 2021, to January 17, 2022. Total of sixtyage and sex matched participants were included in the study and further divided into two groups. In study group thirtyconfirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma on pathologywere recruited. Oxidative stress markers were measured and statistically analyses done by using SPSS software version 25. The results showed increase levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, isoprostanes, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as compared to the control groups (p= 0.023, 0.001, 0.041, 0.000 and 0.033 respectively). Oxidative stress markers are elevatedlevels of oxidative stress marked are found in patients of OSCC. That may lead to swift progression of disease and may increase mortality rate.
In Vitro Studies on Direct Regeneration of Nothapodytes Foetida using Shoot Tip and Nodal Explants
Authors: Beniwal V. , Sarina  , Narkhede S. , Laura J. , Beniwal Puneet
Published: March 2022

The effect of different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins either alone or in combination with additives was assessed to be useful on the direct regeneration of shoot tip and nodal explants of N.foetida. BA and IBA proved comparatively better than others. The highest direct regeneration percent (95.0, 92.0 in shoot tip and nodal explants respectively) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with BA (3.0mgL-1) + IBA (1.0mgL-1) and additives (adenine sulphate (50mgL-1) + glutamine (100mgL-1) + L-arginine (25mgL-1) + citric acid (0.0025%) + ascorbic acid (0.005%). Shoot tips as explants performed better by giving higher regeneration percentage and better growth of propagules in comparison to nodal explants in the establishment media.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DO INDICADOR OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) COMO INDICADOR DE DESEMPENHO GLOBAL DA UTILIZAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO EM EQUIPAMENTOS FERROVIÁRIOS EM UMA FERROVIA DA REGIÃO.
Authors: Assunção Julielda , Rodrigues Oliveira Daniel
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo geral avaliar o processo de implementação e acompanhamento do Indicador de OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness - Eficiência (ou Global do Equipamento) em uma ferrovia da região. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido através das pesquisas: bibliográficas, exploratórias, quantitativas, qualitativas, pesquisa ação e documental. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa descreve todas as fases de implantação do ferramenta do OEE, partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica e exploratória, após o desenvolvimento dos cálculos de perdas, disponibilidades, utilização e produtividade e por final a implantação do Indicador. O período da implantação do Indicador de OEE foi de 90 dias e teve acompanhamento geral de 12 meses, contando-se de janeiro a dezembro/20. Em um primeiro momento ocorreu o estudo da área e dos equipamentos a serem estudados para a atividade fim. Como conclusão, percebeu-se que o indicador estudado comprovou-se ser eficiente para a melhoria produtiva dos equipamentos estudados e identificação com mais clareza dos devios e perdas do processo para posterior tratamento com ações estruturantes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Equipamento, OEE, Eficiência
Extended Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics for Primary and Aseptic Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yakkanti Ramakanth R. , Vanden Berge Dennis , Summers Spencer H. , Mansour Kailey L. , Lavin Alessia C. , Hernandez Victor H.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Limited literature is available about the effects of extended (>24 hours) antibiotic use after primary and aseptic revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) on rates of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The purpose of this study was to systematically review the outcomes of extended prophylactic antibiotic use.

Methods:

A systematic search on PubMed and EMBASE databases was done in August 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles that met inclusion criteria were screened by two separate authors. Basic patient demographics, route of delivery, type, dose, frequency of the antibiotic, rates of PJI, and length of stay were extracted.

Results:

A total of 11 articles published from 1979 to 2021 were included in the final analysis. Two studies evaluated aseptic revisions, seven evaluated primary TJA, and two studies evaluated both. Five studies were randomized controlled trials, one multicenter nonrandomized trial, and five retrospective cohort studies. All 11 studies used a cephalosporin or a penicillin antibiotic in both the control and cohort groups. Five studies used intravenous (IV) antibiotics, one study used oral (PO) antibiotics, and the other five studies used both IV and PO antibiotics. Length of stay was reported in three studies, all using IV antibiotics. All 11 studies evaluated rates of PJI, while four studies evaluated included rates of superficial surgical site infections. Four studies showed a statistically significant decrease in PJI when compared with a control group, while seven studies showed no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

There is conflicting evidence regarding the benefit of extended (>24 hours) antibiotics, IV or PO, after TJA. As of now, current guidelines do not support the use of extended antibiotics; future prospective clinical trials are needed to help support these claims.
The percentage of the contribution of emotional achievement in the results of cognitive and skill learning to the skills of passing from the top and bottom of volleyball
Authors: Shaimaa Adil  , Nuhad Mohammed
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to identify the relationship between the emotionality of achievement with the results of cognitive and skill learning of the two preparation skills from the top and the bottom in volleyball, and to identify the percentage of the contribution of the emotional achievement in the two outcomes of cognitive and skill learning to the two skills of numbers from the top and bottom in volleyball. Corresponding to the nature of the research problem, while the research community and sample are represented by the second stage students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Knowledge - Anbar University for the academic year (2020-2021) and their number (69) students. The research samples were chosen randomly. The study found that the emotionality of learning acquisition has a positive role in the cognitive and skill learning outcomes for the performance of the two numerical skills from the top and from the bottom. For the learner and raising their positive emotions during the learning units because of their positive role in mastering the performance of skills, and conducting studies similar to the current study other mathematical skills
A comparative study of some kinematic variables between the success and failure attempts of the cardiovascular posterior skill of stability in the Basrah Parkour players
Authors: Hanan Mohammed  , Zeina Abdul-salam
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional technology. We can see the athlete’s movements from any angle, for example these angles (back and front of the player as well as the corners of the top or the bottom) and we can measure the real angles of any part of the body as these angles express accuracy in the measurement and represent their true values and we can measure Also accurately accelerate linear, angular and on axes (x,y,z). The aim of this study is to compare the main kinematics factors between success and failure attempts in back somersault standing performance of Basra Parkour players. Four players participated in this study. three cameras were used in this study at a rate of 240 images per second. The success movement and failure movement were selected for each player for a three-dimensional analysis, and through the results, it appeared that the path of the attempt to succeed was longer than the attempt at failure in time. The velocity of the hand segment and the maximum velocity in the attempt to succeed were greater than those of the attempt to fail, and this result was an increase in the velocity of the projectile and an increase in the vertical height of the center of mass. When standing up in Event 2, the amount of flexion of the hip and knee joint angle contributed to the optimal state of advancement and at the peak point the hip and knee joint angle was bent to the maximum to reduce the moment of inertia. At this point, too, the higher parties in the attempt to succeed extended more than those in the attempt at failure.
The effect of the periodic investigation model on attentive control and learning the scoring skill from persistence and peaceful scoring in female basketball
Authors: Dr. Duaa Mohib Aldeen  , M. Farah Alaa
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to identify the degree of attention control among students of the second stage in the college of university knowledge / Department of Physical Education and Sports Science and the preparation and implementation of educational units according to the periodic survey form to learn the scoring skill from persistence and peaceful scoring in the basketball for students and to identify the impact of the periodic survey model in attention control The scoring skill is learned from consistency and peaceful scoring in the basketball for students. As for the two research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests of the control and experimental groups in the attention control and learning the scoring skill from the stability and peaceful scoring in the basketball for students and there are statistically significant differences between the control and experimental research groups In the results of the post-tests in attentive control and learning the scoring skill from persistence and peaceful scoring in the basketball for female students, the two researchers used the experimental method with the two experimental and control groups with pre and post tests on the same sample of 42 female students of the second stage in the college of university knowledge, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, and they conducted My research The attention control on the sample of the main experiment as well as conducting skill tests after which the curriculum for the periodic investigation model was applied and then the researchers used the appropriate statistical methods to extract the results and in light of the results they reached a number of conclusions from them that the attention control helped the students to smart diversity in methods of thinking and solution The problems that face them and that teaching according to the periodic survey form led to the excitement of the previous experiences of the students and determining the requirements of the survey and in light of the findings, the researchers recommend examining the learners and knowing the levels of attention they have at the beginning of each educational season and the approval of the educational units prepared according to the periodic survey model in learning and developing the scoring skill From stability and peaceful goal.
Primary school students’ attitudes towards physical culture, physical education lessons and exercises during a pandemic
Authors: Gądek Adrian
Published: March 2022

Introduction: One of the main goals of physical education is forming students’ proper attitudes towards physical exercises and culture. The study aimed to determine primary school students’ attitudes towards physical culture, physical education lessons and physical activity. Material and methods: The tests were conducted at the turn of May and June 2020 among primary school students from Kraków and Tarnów. They comprised 336 students, including 141 girls. Research employed the Questionnaire for testing attitudes of the youth towards physical culture by S. Strzyżewski (Pol. Kwestionariusz do badania postaw młodzieży wobec kultury fizycznej). Results: The test results demonstrated students’ positive attitudes towards physical culture. For most of the examined (76.2%) physical activity means pleasure. More than a half of the students (57.7%) are satisfied with physical education classes. Boys enjoyed physical exercises more frequently than girls. Conclusions: Students present a positive attitude towards physical culture, physical education lessons and physical activity. The level of attitudes is higher among boys than girls. It would be advisable to make physical education lessons more attractive to girls in order to form positive attitudes.
PREDICTION OF THE LEVEL OF WATER QUALITY INDEX USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUES IN MELAKA RIVER BASIN
Authors: ANG KEAN HUA
Published: March 2022

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques were used to develop and validate water quality by predicting the Water Quality Index (WQI) in Melaka River Basin, Malaysia. Nine sampling stations were monitored in total. ANN techniques were applied for testing and developing the water quality prediction based on two sets of data. In the first data set, the independent water quality of six variables was used as input into ANN for trained, test and validated samples. In the second data set, a combination between Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and ANN indicating only Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Suspended Solid (SS), and Ammoniacal-Nitrogen (AN) are accounted for training, testing and validating in modeling the water quality. Generally, MLR is used to exclude the lowest value invariance of independent variables, while rejecting the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH. Based on the result of the correlation coefficient, the second set data (0.89) is marginally better than the first set data (0.87). These circumstances stated that predictions for WQI using ANN are acceptable, and the result is better when the variables of DO and pH are eliminated.
DOMESTICATION TECHNIQUE OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FRESHWATER MUD EEL, Monopterus cuchia (HAMILTON, 1822)
Authors: JAHAN NUSRAT , ABDUS SALAM MOHAMMAD , AHSAN ALI , RAHMAN MOHAMMAD LUTFAR , PAUL SULAV INDRA , DAS SIMON KUMAR , MAZUMDER SABUJ KANTI
Published: March 2022

The research was conducted to develop the domestication technique of Monopterus cuchia collected from Sherpur district, Bangladesh. A total of 300 young M. cuchia (average 95±6.4 g) was reared under nine treatments as earthen pond with dead fish (EpDf), earthen pond with live fish (EpLf), earthen pond with formulated feeds (EpFf), mud treated plastic tank with dead fish (PmDf), mud treated plastic tank with live fish (PmLf), mud treated plastic tank with formulated feeds (PmFf), plastic tank with dead fish (PtDf), plastic tank with live fish (PtLf), and plastic tank with formulated feeds (PtFf) with three replicates each. Size of each earthen pond was 1m3 and plastic circular tank was 0.322m3. Stocking density was maintained at 10 fish in each replicate by random selection. Survival, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR%/day), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were measured. The best survival (100±0), WG (61.17±1.83), SGR (0.118±0.026), FCR (2.44±0.17), FCE (35.75%±2.90), and PER (1.75±0.14) were obtained in EpLf, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than others. This is the first report of domestication of M. cuchia and indicates that earthen pond with live fish might be suitable for domestication of M. cuchia.
A COMPARISION FOR NUTRIENT LEVEL IN SOIL AND PLANT BETWEEN CUT AND CARRY AND GRAZING PASTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: IZZAH A. H. , NURDIYANA B. , WAN ASRINA W. Y. , NORZIANA Z. Z.
Published: March 2022

Cultivating pastures in cut and carry (CC) and grazing (GZ) systems may potentially affect nutrient availability in soil and nutrient concentration of grass vegetation. The objective of this study was to compare soil nutrient availability and grass nutrient concentration between the two pasture systems namely CC and GZ, which was conducted in Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus (UPMKB). Twenty-nine (29) blocks were established across the systems, sampling for CC pasture was done by systematic grid sampling method and sampling for GZ pasture was based on the location of waterways and manure deposition respectively, for CC and GZ systems. The findings reveal that the CC system had significantly higher pH, TOC, TN, AP, AFe, and AMn values (except CC1 and CC5) compared to GZ, which had very strongly acidic pH with lower TN and AP. A reason for this observation could be due to difference in fertilizer management practices, the GZ, only relied on animal excreta as source of nutrients. Consequently, the repeated application in CC system had helped higher nutrient uptake by grasses that resulted in production of high-quality Napier grass. The soil nutrient status in intensive GZ system should be monitored closely to prevent losses of fertility and fertilization programme should be implemented to supplement the organic nutrients provided by the animal excretes.
THE ASSOCIATION OF TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE WITH THE SOIL EDAPHIC FACTOR IN A LARGEST TROPICAL RECREATIONAL FOREST OF TERENGGANU, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: MAHMUD KHAIRIL , H KHAIRULAKWA , H.N. NUR FATIHAH , Y NORNASUHA , M.M KHANDER , HALMI MOHD IZUAN EFFENDI , R. NOOR AMALINA , W.A WAN JULIANA
Published: March 2022

A study was conducted to investigate the association between tree species composition with soil edaphic factor in Chemerong Recreational Forest, the largest recreational forest in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Two types of forest were chosen which are riparian forest and inland forest. Four plots with the dimension of 50 m × 20 m each were established with two plots at each forest type with total study site of 0.4 ha. A total of 1158 trees (>1 cm diameter) from 263 species, 125 genus and 50 families were recorded. The higher species number was recorded in the inland forest with 175 species, 103 genus and 45 families compared to riparian plot with 154 species, 109 genera and 39 families. Lijndenia laurina was found to be the important species in the riparian forest with Important Value Index (IVi) of 5.22% while Mangifera caesia at the inland forest with 3.21%. The Shannon-Weiner diversity indexes (H’) was considered high in all two types of forest with 5.04 at the riparian forest and 5.14 at the inland forest. Sorenson’s community similarity coefficient (CCs) showed the tree species communities, between the two types of forest had low similarities with 0.38. A total 33 endemic species in Peninsular Malaysia were found at Chemerong Recreational Forest. Fifty-five species in this study were listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN red list of threatened species 2019. Significant differences were found in phosphorus, electric conductivity, ammonium nitrate, moisture content and organic matter between these forests. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed less association between species composition with the physico-chemical characyeristics of soil in this study indicating the soil edaphic factor is not the main factor controlling the species distribution at this site.
FUNCTIONAL EDIBLE COATINGS FOR DRIED GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) SLICES
Authors: HONG PUI KHOON , SEVAN SHARMILAA , MOHD IZAN NUR LIYANA
Published: March 2022

Edible coating is an economical and effective approach towards maintaining the quality of minimally processed fruits, this concept was applied in the storage of dried guava slices. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of polysaccharide- and gelatin-based coatings in improving the storage quality of the dried guava slices. Sodium alginate (polysaccharide) and gelatin (protein) were used as the base for this model study, additives such as citric acid and fructooligosaccharide were added. Dried guava slices produced with different edible coatings were stored at 24 and 37.5°C, the browning intensity, antioxidant stability and total plate count in the formulations were monitored for 8 weeks. Browning intensity in dried guava slices was less pronounced when citric acid and fructooligosaccharide were combined and incorporated into the sodium alginate- and gelatin-based formulations (p<0.05). The same combination of ingredients helped in maintaining the antioxidant stability in the dried guava slices with gelatin-based coating. While presence of fructooligosaccharide in both of the sodium alginate- and gelatin-based formulations lowered the microbial load during the storage period (p<0.05). These findings suggest a combination of citric acid and fructooligosaccharide could be an ingredient with multi-functional effects in preserving the quality of dried guava slices.
TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF STARFRUIT (Averrhoa carambola) CHIPS PRE-TREATED WITH GLUCOSE SYRUP AND OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION
Authors: OMAR SITI RADHIAH , ABDUL RAZAK SYAFIQAH , RAMLY NUR ZAZARINA
Published: March 2022

Osmotic dehydration (OD) of starfruit chips by glucose syrup was chosen as the osmotic agent (OA) in this study as it is believed to confer a desirable result in the final product. As in this study, the concentration of glucose syrup that was used is 30, 40 and 50°Brix with soaking temperature of 20°C to 60°C and soaking time of 20 min to 60 min. The result showed that higher water loss and lower solid gain of starfruits obtained as the higher temperature and glucose syrup concentrations were used. Meanwhile, processing of osmo-dried starfruits into chips were done by stir frying with canola oil. The use of glucose syrup with concentration of 50°B, 60°C temperature and 60 min soaking time produced the highest hardness and crispness of starfruit chips with the lowest moisture content. Test of significance (p<0.05) in results obtained from this study were determined using Minitab 18 software as one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Test. In general, OD pre- treatment could be proved as an effective technique for food industries to develop fried starfruit chips with improved texture quality.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH AMBIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (EMR) BACTERIA
Authors: BADALUDDIN NOOR AFIZA , YIN SEET YONG , UMAR ROSLAN , SABRI NOR HAZMIN , HASSHIM NURUL SYAFIQAH , ALI MOHAMMAD KHAIRUDDIN , MOHAMED A. RASHAD
Published: March 2022

Low-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exists in our environment and remain unnoticeable. Studies show that EMR exposure may affect human health, animal, plants, and also living microorganisms. Therefore, this study intended to isolate, identify, and characterize bacteria exposed to high ambient EMR as well as to determine the viability and mutagenicity of bacteria exposed to different frequencies. The bacterial samples were collected from two areas with high and low electric field strengths; Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) hostel (0.14 V/M) and near Lake of UniSZA (Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin) (0.03 V/M). The bacteria were identified and characterized by several methods. The viability and mutagenicity of each bacterial species were determined by counting the number of colonies formed in the enriched (standard) and minimal media after exposure of 10 MHz and 5 GHz frequencies. The results show that Enterobacter sp., which was isolated in UMT hostel, exhibited non-mutagenic and increased viability after 24 hr of exposure to both EMR frequencies of 10 MHz and 5 GHz. Thus, this bacterial species should be further studied since it has the potential as a bioremediator.
DIET QUALITY AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISHERMEN’S CHILDREN IN SELECTED REGION OF TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ALI ASMA’ , WAGIMIN NURUL NABILAH , ZAKARIA NOOR SALIHAH , KAMARUDIN KHAIRIL SHAZMIN , YUSOF HAYATI MOHD
Published: March 2022

Fishermen’s children are vulnerable to food insecurity as well as undernourishment which may influence their cognitive performance. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in terms of pertinent studies that have been done in Malaysia with regards to their diet quality and cognitive performance. Thus, this cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the diet quality and cognitive performance among 7 to 11 years-old fishermen’s children in Terengganu. A total of 95 respondents were selected and their dietary intake was attained through two days of 24 hr dietary recall and later analyzed using Nutritionist Pro application. The diet quality of the respondents was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) while the cognitive performance was determined through 36-items of Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices. Results have shown that the respondents’ mean total HEI score was 50.41 ± 5.26 out of 100 points indicating poor diet quality. The level of cognitive performance is below average. Unfortunately, no significant association was found between the total HEI score and cognitive performance of the respondents (p=0.16). In the future, more studies need to be carried out on the relationship between diet quality and cognitive performance among these respondents for better understanding.
A Mixed Volume Element Modified With Characteristic Fractional Step Difference Method for the Compressible Multicomponent Displacement and Its Numerical Analysis
Authors: Yuan Yirang , Li Changfeng
Published: March 2022

A three-dimensional compressible problem with different components is fundamental in numerical simulation of enhanced oil recovery. The mathematical model consists of a parabolic equation for the pressure and a convection-diffusion system for the concentrations. The pressure determines Darcy velocity and plays an important role during the whole physical process. A conservative mixed volume element is used to discretize the flow equation, and improves the computational accuracy of Darcy. The concentrations are computed by the modified characteristic fractional step difference scheme, thus numerical dispersion and nonphysical oscillations are eliminated. The whole three-dimensional computation is accomplished effectively by solving three successive one-dimensional problems in parallel, where the speedup method is used and the work is decreased greatly. Based on the theory and special techniques of a priori estimates of partial differential equations, an optimal second error estimates in L^2-norm is concluded. This work concentrates on the model, numerical method and convergence analysis for modern oil recovery.
The Interplay between Informal and Formal Bylaws in Supporting Sustainable Crop Intensification in the Uganda Potato Production System
Authors: Henry Makuma-Massa , Kibwika Paul , Nampala Paul
Published: March 2022

The study assessed the interplay between informal and formal bylaws in supporting sustainable crop intensification, using a case of potato crop production in southwestern Uganda. The study used a descriptive case study design to understand and accurately describe the experiences of farmers in the potato crop subsector in the region. This involved mixed study approaches that ensured coded meaning of consistent responses to the study, and descriptive statistics facilitated sequential understanding of findings and how each related to one another in respective themes. The numerical scores enriched the findings by authenticating the qualitative outcomes of the study to minimize bias. The study used review of documents and literature; six Focus Group Discussions; and 22 Key Informant Interviews to gather diverse experiences of respondents patterns of responses, the main factors or categories, and key responses under every category. The Study found that the greatest informal bylaw was eucalyptus growing (50 percent), followed by permission to graze (18 percent), and control damping (18 percent). The widely represented formal bylaws had a comparatively lesser role in supporting SCI, although with greater emphasis on quality seed (22 percent). Formal bylaws were stronger at setting clear boundaries between users and resources (18 percent), users having procedures for making own rules (11 percent), regular monitoring of resources and users (15 percent), issue sanctions (16 percent), conflict resolution (15 percent), and coordinated activities (3 percent) than informal bylaws. The major benefits for operating as institution were the collective strategy for the market (26 percent), which was less to guarantee sustainable livelihoods for farmers. Individual farmers were driven by desire for faster benefits (13) and preferred following own rules (12 percent). There was more emphasis on market access, regardless of the nature of produce output (35 percent), whether the market worthy or not, and less on environment sustainability. The informal and formal bylaws are separate but united for a common purpose of intensifying potato crop production. Nonetheless, even when combined, they are not strong enough to support SCI. There is a need to strength bylaws on soil and water conservation, improved and quality seed potato and environment sustainability to support SCI, which provide the basis of greater markets and sustainable livelihoods.
The Negative Pricing of the May 2020 WTI Contract
Authors: Fernandez-Perez Adrian , Fuertes Ana-Maria , Miffre Joëlle
Published: March 2022

This paper sheds light on the negative pricing of the May 2020 WTI futures contract (CLK20) on April 20, 2020. The super contango of early 2020, triggered by COVID-19 lockdowns and geopolitical tensions, incentivized cash and carry (C&C) traders to be long CLK20 and short distant contracts, while simultaneously booking storage at Cushing. Our investigation reveals that C&C arbitrage largely contributed to the lack of storage capacity at Cushing in April 2020 and the price crash relates to the reversing trades of many long CLK20 traders without pre-booked storage. Additional aggravating factors included a liquidity crush, staggering margin calls and potential price distortions due to the trade-at-settlement mechanism. The analysis suggests that claims from experts that hold index trackers responsible for the crash are unwarranted: Index trackers did not trigger the negative pricing, nor widen the futures-spot spread by rolling their positions to more distant contracts ahead of maturity.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Metamizol 15 Mg/KgBB IV dengan Asetaminofen 15 Mg/KgBB IV untuk Analgesia Pasca-Bedah di Bawah Umbilikus pada Pasien Pediatrik
Authors: Ramlan Andi Ade Wijaya , Sukmono Raden B , Banadji Yasir Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Penanganan nyeri yang tidak adekuat mencetus respon stress dan biokimia dan menyebabkan gangguan fungsi metabolisme, kardiovaskular, pulmoner, neuro-endokrin, gastrointestinal, dan imunologi. Asetaminofen merupakan obat analgetika yang paling sering digunakan untuk menangani nyeri derajat ringan-sedang. Metamizol juga telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat analgetika yang efektif untuk nyeri pasca-bedah. Namun, penggunaan metamizol tidak sepopuler asetaminofen di Indonesia. Di RSUPN dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo, penggunaan asetaminofen intravena sebagai analgetika pascabedah direstriksi berdasarkan formularium nasional.

Metode: Penelitian uji klinik acak tersamar ganda dilakukan untuk menilai efektivitas  metamizol 15 mg/KgBB IV dan  asetaminofen 15 mg/KgBB IV untuk analgesia pascabedah di bawah umbilikus pada pasien pediatrik. Enam puluh empat subjek penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian, dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok. Subjek mendapatkan regimen analgetika asetaminofen 15 mg/KgBB IV atau metamizol 15 mg/KgBB IV sesuai kelompok randomisasi di akhir pembedahan. Pemberian regimen analgetika diulang setiap 8 jam dalam 24 jam pertama pasca-bedah. Dilakukan penilaian skala FLACC saat istirahat dan bergerak pada saat pasien pulih sadar, jam ke-4, jam ke-6, jam ke-12, dan jam ke-24 pascabedah. Dilakukan pula pencatatan kebutuhan fentanil, saat pertama pasien membutuhkan fentanil, dan efek samping yang timbul selama 24 jam pertama pascabedah.

Hasil:  Skala FLACC pada saat istirahat maupun bergerak tidak berbeda bermakna antar kedua kelompok pada setiap pengukuran. Terdapat 4 dari 32 subjek yang membutuhkan fentanil rescue pada kelompok asetaminofen dengan saat pertama membutuhkan fentanil rescue berkisar antara 300 hingga 700 menit pascabedah.

Simpulan: Metamizol 15 mg/kgBB IV tidak lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan asetaminofen 15 mg/kgBB IV untuk analgesia pascabedah di bawah umbilikus pada pasien pediatrik.

 

Kata Kunci: Asetaminofen; analgesia multimodal; metamizol; nyeri; pascabedah di bawah umbilikus; pediatrik
Trakeostomi Dini pada Pasien Kritis Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Purwaamidjaja Dis Bima , Indah Lestari Mayang
Published: March 2022

Alasan utama pasien kritis coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dirawat di unit perawatan intensif ialah gagal napas sehingga memerlukan bantuan ventilasi mekanis invasif. Durasi pemakaian ventilasi mekanis cenderung lama sehingga berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi seperti meningkatnya mortalitas, kesulitan penyapihan, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), kebutuhan sedasi, dan stenosis trakea. Kondisi COVID–19 juga diperparah dengan produksi sekret kental yang banyak dan berpotensi menyumbat endotracheal tube (ETT) sehingga terjadi gangguan oksigenasi dan ventilasi. Trakeostomi dapat menjadi manajemen jalan napas alternatif pada pasien kritis COVID–19. Teknik ini memberikan manfaat antara lain mengurangi ruang rugi dan resistensi jalan napas, work of breathing, kebutuhan obat sedasi, serta lesi orofaring dan laring. Selain itu, teknik ini aman, mempermudah perawatan dan drainase sekret, meningkatkan nutrisi oral, memberikan kenyamanan pasien, serta komunikasi menjadi lebih baik. Meskipun demikian, indikasi dan waktu yang tepat untuk trakeostomi pasien COVID–19 masih menjadi kontroversi. Pasien yang akan dilakukan trakeostomi sebaiknya memiliki prognosis baik sehingga mendapatkan manfaat yang lebih banyak dari tindakan ini mengingat trakeostomi juga termasuk prosedur yang berisiko menimbulkan aerosol dan dapat menyebabkan transmisi ke tenaga kesehatan. Telaah pustaka ini akan membahas hal-hal berkaitan dengan implikasi COVID-19, pilihan trakeostomi dan manfaat trakeostomi dini pada pasien kritis.
Perbandingan Keefektifan Adjuvan Inhalasi Lidokain dengan Spray Lidokain Sebagai Obat Anestetik Lokal pada Pasien Endoskopi Saluran Cerna Atas
Authors: Heriwardito Aldy , Harijanto Eddy , Utomo Taufik Asri
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Teknik multimodal analgesia dengan menggunakan dua atau lebih obat analgesik yang berkerja pemeriksaan endoskopi saluran cerna merupakan prosedur untuk mengevaluasi berbagai gejala saluran pencernaan, namun sering ditolak pasien karena menimbulkan efek samping nyeri dan rasa tidak nyaman karena gag reflex. Penggunaan adjuvan inhalasi lidokain sebagai obatanestetik lokal dapat menurunkan angka kejadian gag reflex sehingga dapat menjadi pilihan untuk sedasi pada endoskopi saluran cerna atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keefektifan dari spray lidokain dan inhalasi lidokain sebagai adjuvan pada endoskopi saluran cerna atas.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal pada150 pasien yang menjalani endoskopi saluran cerna atas dengan sedasi di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pasien dibagi menjadi dua kelompok sama besar untuk adjuvan inhalasi yang berbeda. Sebanyak 75 orang pada kelompok pertama diberikan 0,5 mg/kgBB spray lidokain sedangkan 75 orang pada kelompok kedua diberikan 1,5 mg/kgBB inhalasi lidokain. Penilaian efek sedasi diukur menggunakan Skala Sedasi Ramsay. Data yang terkumpul dianalisa lebih lanjut secara statistik.

Hasil: Gag reflex terjadi sebanyak 1,3 % dari total subjek pada kelompok inhalasi lidokain dan 30,7% subjek pada kelompok spray lidokain (P<0,001). Rerata rescue dose propofol yang didapatkan pada kelompok inhalasi lidokain adalah 0,67 ± 5,77 mg/kgBB dan pada kelompok spray lidokain adalah 11 ± 17,9 mg/kgBB (P < 0,001).

Simpulan: Inhalasi lidokain lebih efektif sebagai anestetik lokal dibandingkan spray lidokain sebagai adjuvan pada endoskopi saluran cerna atas.
Hubungan Waktu Intubasi terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas Pasien dengan COVID-19 Berat: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Firdaus Riyadh , Theresia Sandy , Austin Ryan , Tiara Rani
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) yang dikenal dengan coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mulai menginfeksi manusia pada akhir tahun 2019. Orang yang terinfeksi dapat menunjukkan keadaan asimtomatik hingga keadaan mengancam nyawa. Keadaan acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) merupakan kondisi berat pada infeksi COVID-19 yang membutuhkan penanganan lebih lanjut, di antaranya adalah pertimbangan untuk dilakukan intubasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan hubungan waktu dilakukannya intubasi terhadap tingkat mortalitas dari pasien COVID-19 yang terintubasi.

Metode. Penelitian tinjauan sistematik ini dibuat berdasarkan panduan PRISMA-P. Data dikumpulkan dari basis data Pubmed, Cochrane Library, dan ProQuest dengan kriteria inklusi berupa penelitian randomized control trial dan studi kohort yang meneliti tindakan intubasi pada pasien dengan COVID-19. Dari sebanyak sebanyak 8.297, didapatkan 3 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi pada tinjauan literatur.

Hasil. Dari ketiga literatur yang kami lakukan analisis, didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan mengenai kapan dilakukannya intubasi dengan angka kejadian mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Baik pada intubasi yang dilakukan lebih awal ataupun pada intubasi yang lebih lambat. Karakteristik pasien usia tua dan memiliki komorbiditas dapat memperburuk keadaan yang membuat angka mortalitas pada kelompok tersebut lebih tinggi.

Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang kami lakukan, intubasi lebih awal (<8 jam) tidak menurunkan angka mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19, sehingga masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait faktor prediktif lainnya.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Penggunaan Vibration Anesthesia Device (VAD) dengan Krim Campuran Eutektik (EMLA) dalam Mengurangi Nyeri Pemasangan Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC)
Authors: Alatas Anas , Hadi Irfan Meison , Harijanto Eddy
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Pemasangan Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC) merupakan salah satu prosedur invasif terbanyak yang dilakukan di rumah sakit dan sering menyebabkan rasa nyeri pada pasien. Berbagai cara diterapkan dalam mengurangi rasa nyeri yang ditimbulkan saat pemasangan PIVC, antara lain dengan penggunaan Vibration Anesthesia Device (VAD) dan krim campuran eutektik (EMLA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas VAD dibandingkan dengan pemberian EMLA untuk mengurangi nyeri pada saat pemasangan PIVC.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah uji eksperimental tidak tersamar pada pasien yang akan direncanakan menjalani pembedahan mata di kamar operasi Kirana RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama bulan September – Oktober 2018. Sebanyak 56 subjek diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling dan dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok. Pasien secara acak dilakukan pemasangan PIVC dengan bantuan Vibration Anesthesia Device (VAD) atau dengan krim campuran eutektik (EMLA). Keefektifan akan dinilai dari skala nyeri visual analog scale (VAS) dan perbedaan frekuensi nadi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan tindakan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji T dan Mann Whitney.

Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam skala VAS yang dilaporkan oleh subjek dari kelompok VAD 13.65 (10.25 -18.17) dan EMLA 12.57 (8.97 – 17.61) dengan nilai p=0.706. Perubahan frekuensi nadi antara kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan (p=0,557). Didapatkan peningkatan frekuensi nadi yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok VAD 2 (-3 – 19) dibandingkan kelompok EMLA 2 (-3 – 16).

Simpulan: VAD sama efektif dibandingkan dengan EMLA dalam mengurangi nyeri pada pemasangan Peripheral Intravenous Catheter (PIVC).
Tatalaksana Jalan Napas pada kasus Mukopolisakaridosis tipe II : Kasus Serial
Authors: Alatas Anas , Pratama Budi
Published: March 2022

Mukopolisakaridosis tipe II atau di kenal dengan nama sindrom hunter adalah kumpulan kelainan metabolik yang diturunkan secara resesif dan bersifat progresif yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi enzim lisosom yang diperlukan untuk degradasi glikosaminoglikans. Hal ini menyebabkan berbagai kelainan anatomi dan keterlibatan sistemik yang merupakan tantangan bagi seorang anestesiologis.

Laporan kasus ini merupakan kasus serial dengan 3 pasien yang akan menjalani prosedur operasi dan penunjang diagnostik dengan tatalaksana jalan napas yang berbeda pula.
Sentimental Analysis of a Sentence
Authors: Mir Fazil Amin , Singh Ravinder Pal , Mehra Dr. Monika
Published: March 2022

Sentimental examination or assessment mining is a procedure of regular language handling which is utilized to decide the extremity of the content ( i.e, regardless of whether the content is good , negative , or impartial )and furthermore used to decide sentiments or feelings ( furious, cheerful, miserable and so forth ) .Nostalgic investigation is frequently performed on text based information to assist organizations with observing brand and item slant in client criticism and comprehend client needs. Nostalgic investigation acts like an incredible asset for clients to separate the needful data just as to total the aggregate assessments of the surveys. Nostalgic investigation is likewise used to extricate information from web-based media stages, for example, twitter and so forth and dissect the content.