bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Literature Review: Problem-Solving Skills in Physics Teaching
Authors: Nisa Khairun , Putri Santri Adi , Kuswanto Heru
Published: June 2024

Empowerment of problem-solving skills is one of the many goals 21st century education intends to achieve. This research employs content analysis on several articles published in journals between January 2017 and December 2022, primarily focusing on problem-solving skills in physics teaching. This study aims to identify annual trends in research on problem-solving skills in physics teaching, identify the most frequently researched physics materials related to these skills, and identify the most frequently used grade students as research subjects for these skills. This study uses content analysis guidelines as a research instrument. In this study's content analysis, there are four main aspects reviewed. These aspects include (1) the number of publications per year, (2) the type of research, (3) the research subjects, and (4) the material selected for research. The results of this study indicate that in 2020 there will be a higher increase compared to previous years. The most widely used research subjects. The topic most often used as research material was the topic of physics in general. Quantitative research and research and development (R&D) were the most commonly used types of research. The study's findings have led to the proposal of several recommendations for future research that prioritizes problem-solving skills. Some of these recommendations include increasing the diversity of types of research and reviewing the data analysis techniques used.
Quizwhizzer as A Innovative Evaluation Learning Media Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Uliana Hidayatika  , Didah Nurhamidah
Published: June 2024

This article discusses digital learning media in the form of game quizzes, namely Quizwhizzer as an innovative Indonesian language learning evaluation media. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection uses a questionnaire technique with closed and open questions using Google Form media. The subjects of this research were 37 students of class XI IPA 1 MAN 1 Tangerang. Explanatory text material was used in the questions that researchers created on QuizWhizzer. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that 36 students (97.3%) stated that answering Indonesian language questions was more interesting using Quizwhizzer than using sheets of paper. Furthermore, as many as 37 students (100%) stated that Quizwhizzer was an innovative and fun medium. Furthermore, as many as 33 students (89.2%) stated that Quizwhizzer could make it easier for students to understand Indonesian language material. Furthermore, as many as 34 students (91.9%) stated that Quizwhizzer was able to increase students' interest in learning Indonesian language material. Furthermore, as many as 36 students (97.3%) answered that Quizwhizzer was easy to use. Furthermore, as many as 35 students (94.6%) stated that the Quizwhizzer learning media was not boring. Furthermore, as many as 35 students (94.6%) stated that the Quizwhizzer learning media was not difficult. Finally, 31 students answered that their impression after using QuizWhizzer was that it was exciting, fun and happy. So it can be concluded that the digital interactive game media, namely Quizwhizzer, is an innovative evaluation media and attracts students' attention.
PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF STAD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA DAN POLA KALIMAT BAHASA JEPANG DI KELAS XI IPA 5 SMAN 2 SINGARAJA TAPEL 2021/2022
Authors: Gede Putra Sastrawan
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine (1) the increase in mastery of vocabulary and sentence patterns in Japanese after implementing the STAD Cooperative learning model in Class . The subjects of this research were 25 students of class XI IPA 5 SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja. Data collection methods are carried out through involved observation, tests and questionnaires. The research data was analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the research show (1) the STAD Cooperative learning model to improve mastery of vocabulary and sentence patterns for students in class in post-test I it was 47.1, in post-test II it was 72.0, and post-test III it was 85.9. (2) Student responses to the implementation of the STAD Cooperative learning model are positive. Most students felt helped in learning activities, student motivation increased, students felt an increase in mastery of vocabulary and sentence patterns, students liked the teaching technique using the STAD Cooperative model, and students did not find it difficult to understand Japanese vocabulary or sentence patterns during learning.
Implementation of nano-urea and nano-DAP for increasing crop growth, yield and soil fertility in cauliflower and tomato
Authors: Sharma Shagun , Kumar Anil , Singh Kapur , Suman Suman , Pathak Shakti Om
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology-derived nutrient availability and sustainable agriculture are a dire need to facilitate crop productivity. This study highlights and determines the effectiveness of an integrated approach using nano-fertilizers (nano-urea and nano-DAP), organic manure, Sagarika and biofertilizers on Cauliflower and Tomato. Standard field experiments with randomized block design (RBD) encompassing distinct treatments with nano-fertilizer foliar application on eighty on-farm trials were employed in village Khatawali (28.23° N, 76.76° E), Haryana during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The average yield of cauliflower was 12.2% higher in 2021 and 15.4% higher in 2022. For tomato, the average yield was 12.6% higher in 2021 and 14.9% higher in 2022 as statistically analysed using ANOVA. Extensive analysis was made on the soil nutrient availability besides the forecast of the beneficially affected economy (profitability). Therefore, the crop-productivity and other yield attributes from combined formulations of nano-fertilizers and conventional non-toxic agri-inputs fully unlock the potential benefits to proceed eco-friendly and cost-efficient agriculture.
Identifying for some Immune and Hematological Indicators in Crohn,s Patients Infested through Entamoeba histolytica Infection
Authors: Sayal Raad Ajam , Hashim Fatima
Published: June 2024

Objective: The current study aimed to diagnose the Entamoeba histolytica parasite in crohn,s disease patients . addition to measure immunological indicators (interleukin-34 and interleukin-38) and some hematological indicators.
Methods: 150 samples of blood and stool were collected from the people participating in the study, which included 75 patients with crohn,s disease and 75 controls attended to Al-sader teaching hospital and Al-hakeem hospital in Province of Najaf from September 2020 to December 2020, and microscopic examination was performed for all stool samples and ABO blood group test also performed for all blood samples in addition to measure concentration levels of IL-34 and IL-38 by ELISA system from blood.
Results: the results of microscopic examination revealed of 14 of total 75 patients with crohn,s disease were infected with Entamoeba histolytica while there were 5 participatants infected with Entamoeba histolytica from total 75 control group.
Whereas the ABO blood group test revealed that highest rate of the patients suffering from crohn,s disease were from blood group B (40%), while the ABO blood group test for control group revealed that most of the people who participated were from blood group A (42.6%).
The results of ELISA test revealed that the IL-34 and IL-38 is highest in patients group (627.0± 117.147) , (522.9 ± 99.922) mor than control group (203.6 ± 157.351) , (153.0 ± 109.553) respectively with significant p value (<0.001).
Extreme Optical Nonlinearity (> 500) at Room Temperature through Sublattice Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Xiaogang , Chen Jiaye , Liu Chang , Xi Shibo , Tan Shengdong Tan , He Qian , Liang Liangliang
Published: June 2024

The ability of materials to respond to optical stimuli with significant nonlinearity is crucial for technological progress and innovation. Although photon avalanche upconversion nanomaterials with optical nonlinearities over 40 are known, surpassing this level for practical use has remained a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to significantly enhance optical nonlinearity in photon avalanches to values beyond 500 by reconstructing the sublattice within an expanded avalanche network. Experimental investigations reveal that this substantial boost in nonlinearity is mainly due to an amplified disparity between electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions, caused by local crystal field distortions upon lanthanide doping. These distortions preferentially support excited-state absorption governed by electric dipole transitions, which sharply contrasts with ground-state absorption strongly contributed by magnetic dipole transitions, thereby drastically enhancing photon avalanching efficiency. This improvement in optical nonlinearity enhances lateral and axial resolutions to 33 nm and 80 nm, respectively. Our research also reveals that nanocrystals exhibit regional differentiation, showing significant variations in optical performance across different regions of the nanocrystals. This finding enables the visualization of nanoemitters at a resolution and level of detail exceeding their actual size, thereby overcoming the constraints of conventional imaging methods. These developments should pave the way for significant improvements in super-resolution imaging, ultra-sensitive sensing, on-chip optical switching, and infrared quantum counting.
Identification of Serum Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Aortic Diseases in Obesity through Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Wang Tianren , Wang Yuhang , Wang Yansong , Wang Xiaokang , Tan Qiwen , Cheng Xinyu , Zhu Tiancheng , Huang Haoyue , teng xiaomei , Shen Zhenya
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of aortic diseases and operative risks. Currently, there are no effective drugs available to prevent the occurrence and progression of aortic aneurysms or dissections. We investigated potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets using a multi-omics approach.

Methods

Clinical data from 117 patients with aortic disease were analyzed based on body mass index (BMI) to explore the relationship between BMI and clinical outcomes. An obesity mouse model was developed by feeding high-cholesterol, high-fat diet (HCHFD), and an aortic disease model was established by administering human angiotensin II (AngII) at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day through osmotic minipumps. Through analysis of murine aortic transcriptomics and serum proteomics, we identified potential biomarkers for aortic disease in obesity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect these biomarkers in human serum.

Results

The duration of hospitalization post-surgery positively correlated with BMI. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an enrichment of genes related to complement and coagulation cascades, as well as the prion disease pathway. Proteomic analysis showed an enrichment of proteins associated with African trypanosomiasis and the estrogen signaling pathway. By integrating transcriptomic and protein profiles, complement C5 and apoD were identified as potential biomarkers for the adverse effects of obesity.

Conclusion

High BMI is associated with an increased risk of aortic disease, especially for aortic dissection. Serum complement C5 and apoD were identified as potential biomarkers for assessing aortic disease risk in obese individuals. Further research is needed to explore the pathophysiological pathways linked to these biomarkers and their potential clinical applications.
The inhibitory receptor CD300a functions as an immune checkpoint in a mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: Ben-Zimra Micha , Niazov Shiran , Alekberly Fidan Rahimly , Levi-Schaffere Francesca
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer type in women and still a major cause of death. In the USA it is estimated that 42,250 women will die in 2024 from BC. Over the last decade immunotherapy, especially blocking of immune checkpoints by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), has entered the clinic in many cancer types, including BC. Still, intensive research is being carried out to increase the use of the approved drugs and to find new targets and new drugs. CD300a is an inhibitory receptor expressed in many immune cells. Its ligands, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), are expressed on activated and apoptotic immune cells as well as on several cancer cells. We hypothesized that PS and PE expressed on cancer cells might activate immune cell suppression via CD300a. Mast cells, the innate immune cells known mostly for their key function in allergic inflammation, express CD300a and were shown to have major regulatory roles in many cancer types, particularly in BC. To test the suggested role of CD300a in BC, we induced the mouse 4T1 BC model in WT and CD300a-KO mice. Smaller tumors were detected in the CD300a-KO mice together with a significant increase in MCs activation level. Culturing 4T1 cells together with WT mouse bone marrow derived MCs (BMMCs) reduced 4T1 cell number which was further reduced in co-culture with CD300a-KO-BMMCs. Finally, we found the immune-modulatory cytokine IL-10 in the supernatants of WT BMMCs but not in their CD300a-KO counterparts. Our results would imply that in BC, tumor cells activate CD300a expressed on MCs and probably on other immune cells to inhibit anti-tumorigenic immunity, therefore suggesting CD300a as an immunecheckpoint in BC.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA423-5p in patients with heart failure
Authors: Guo Xiaohua , Zhou Yi , Huang Honghao , Zong Zhen , Xin Mei , Yang Ke
Published: June 2024

Objectives
MicroRNAs are considered as a class of potential biomarkers for heart failure. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA423-5p in patients with heart failure.
Methods
A total of 98 patients diagnosed with heart failure were enrolled in the observation group, while 30 healthy volunteers without heart failure were enrolled for the control group. The prognostic significance of microRNA423-5p in patients with heart failure was assessed through laboratory parameter assessments, cardiac ultrasound evaluations, and subsequent follow-up assessments.
Results
In comparison to the control group, the observation group exhibited notably elevated levels of microRNA423-5p and BNP, as well as significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values (P < 0.05). Additionally, within the observation group, a positive correlation was observed between higher heart function ratings and increased levels of microRNA423-5p and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), along with a more pronounced decrease in LVEF values (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between microRNA423-5p and BNP indicators (rs = 0.850, P < 0.001). The observation group was monitored for a period of one year, with hospitalization due to recurrent heart failure or all-cause mortality serving as the designated follow-up endpoint. The event group exhibited elevated levels of microRNA423-5p and BNP, along with a decreased LVEF (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis indicated that both microRNA423-5p + BNP + LVEF and microRNA423-5p + BNP exhibited strong predictive capabilities, with respective areas under the curve of 0.839 and 0.814.
Conclusions
Elevated levels of microRNA423-5p in the serum of patients with heart failure suggest its potential utility as a novel biomarker for both the diagnosis and prognosis of this condition.
Heterogeneity of work engagement and its relationship with job crafting among Chinese specialty nurses: a cross-sectional study using latent profile analysis
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Lin Wenqiong , Li Yaru , Li Songyao , Fang Ziru , Zhang Huiyi , Liang Fangfang , Zhang Hongmei
Published: June 2024

Background: Specialty nurses play a crucial role in improving the quality of nursing care. Enhancing the work engagement of specialty nurses is a top priority for managers. Job crafting is an effective way to increase nurses' work engagement. Identifying and classifying features of work engagement, exploring their relationship with job crafting, and tailoring interventions to support specialty nurses are imperative.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Henan Province, China from July 2023 to August 2023. The study sample consisted of 758 specialty nurses who participated in an online survey. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify work engagement classification criteria. Multinomial logistic regression models were usedto identify the predictors of profile inclusion.
Results:A four­profile model yielded the best fit. The four profiles were titled “low work engagement” (n = 210), “medium work engagement” (n = 172), “high attitude-high enthusiasm” (n = 229), and “high work engagement” (n = 147). The regression analysis indicated that gender, age, level of education, monthly income, and job crafting all had significant effects on the work profile categories (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The characteristics of specialty nurses’ work engagement are heterogeneous and can be divided into four profiles. Our findings indicated that gender, education level, monthly income, and job crafting impact the varying types of work engagement exhibited by specialty nurses. We recommend that nursing managers adopt effective measures, such as flexible scheduling and improved job management, to enhance specialty nurses’ work engagement.
Identification of Venous Thromboembolism Driver Genes Based on Integrative Bioinformatics and Machine Learning
Authors: Yang Bijun , Zhang Xi
Published: June 2024

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, accompanied with a variety of underlying diseases, and it often doesn't get enough attention for early diagnosis and treatment. VTE is associated with many risk factors, however, the genetic basis of venous thromboembolism remains poorly understood.
Methods: We analyzed whole-blood gene expression profiles from 185 VTE patients and 93 normal controls obtained from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key genes through intersection analysis. Subsequently, enrichment analysis was performed on gene modules associated with key genes. Central genes were identified using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and random forest algorithms. Additionally, immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT, and pathway functions of key genes were assessed through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results: A total of 102 DEGs were identified in VTE. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), these DEGs were clustered into 14 modules. Among them, the black module showed significant correlation with VTE (cor=0.48, p<0.0001). Machine learning techniques identified four key genes, namely TXNL1 (AUC=0.840), CD3G (AUC=0.786), MRPL15 (AUC=0.775), and MCTS1 (AUC=0.748), demonstrating high diagnostic efficacy for predicting VTE. These four hub genes were significantly associated with pathways such as TRANSLATION, SRP DEPENDENT COTRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN TARGETING TO MEMBRANE, and EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION, providing valuable insights into the potential mechanisms underlying VTE. Immunoinfiltration analysis using ssGSTEA revealed significant positive correlations between Activated CD8 T cell, Gamma delta T cell, and hub genes, suggesting the potential of these hub genes and immune cell populations for targeted immunotherapy in VTE patients, thereby opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Conclusion: TXNL1, CD3G, MRPL15, and MCTS1 have emerged as promising candidate driver genes for VTE. These central genes hold the potential to provide valuable insights into the molecular diagnosis and treatment of VTE.
First diagnosis of fetal SETD5 mutation during pregnancy，demonstrating an association with congenital heart disease
Authors: Fan Jiaqi , Sun Hairui , Jiang Huan , Zhang Siyao , Xia Hongmei , He Yihua
Published: June 2024

Background
Mutations in the SETD5 gene lead to the autosomal dominant disorder termed Mental retardation type 23. Limited clinical reports have made it challenging to comprehensively delineate the clinical outcomes and mutation spectrum associated with this gene.
Case presentation:
In this study, a fetal case presenting an ostium primum atrial septal defect, a presumed upper ventricular septal defect was identified through fetal cardiac ultrasound. Following this discovery, an in-depth genetic assessment, encompassing whole exome sequencing, was executed on the fetus and both parents to pinpoint potential genetic origins. From the exome data, a previously undocumented variant (exon21: c.3601_3605del: p. W1201Efs*2) in the SETD5 gene (NM_001080517.3) surfaced. Lineage analysis validated this as a de novo variant. This mutation disrupts the gene's open reading frame, consequently affecting protein functionality. This is the first prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with a SETD5 mutation, advancing the time of diagnosis while broadening our understanding of the gene's mutation spectrum and clinical manifestations.
Conclusions
Our study confirms that congenital heart disease, including atrial and ventricular septal defects, is a prenatal clinical feature caused by mutations in this gene. Fetal cardiac ultrasound can be used as a means of early screening for such disorders, and the importance of prenatal whole-exome sequencing technology was emphasized.
Evaluation of ocular microcirculation in males with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Maruyama Takahiro , Shiba Tomoaki , Kobayashi Tatsuhiko , Takagi Seiji , Hori Yuichi
Published: June 2024

Background: To investigate the effects of the ocular blood flow in male subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) by using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG).
Subjects and Methods: Subjects who underwent LSFG ocular blood flow testing during physical examinations were separated into the MetS group (meeting the MetS criteria) and the control group. The groups were propensity score-matched by age with 138 male subjects compared in each group. The subjects' ocular blood flow values (mean blur rate: MBR) in the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroid were measured by LSFG. We also measured pulse waveform parameters: the blowout score (BOS), blowout time (BOT), and rising rate (RR). The ONH region was measured as a whole, a tissue region, and a vascular region.
Results: MBR-Choroid was significantly lower in the MetS group versus the control group. For the ONH, there was no significant difference in the MBR. Compared to the control group in all regions, the RR values in the MetS group were significantly lower. The whole, tissue-region, and vascular-region BOS values were significantly higher in the MetS group. A single regression analysis revealed that only the number of MetS components was significantly negatively correlated with MBR-Choroid among the evaluated parameters. A multiple regression analysis identified HbA1c as a factor contributing independently to the MBR-Choroid among the MetS-related factors.
Conclusion: This investigation of adult males clarified that the MBR in the choroid area at the early stage of MetS is decreasing in parallel with accumulation of MetS components. The MetS component with the strongest influence to the MBR-Choroid was HbA1c.
Effects of biochar input on nitrogen absorption and growth of maize at seedling stage
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Hou Likun , You Haiyang , Chu Junyan , Zhang Jingru , Qi Hongling , Li Siyuan , Dai Yingjie , Yang Yang , Wu Haotian
Published: June 2024

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for the yield of maize, farmers persue the higher yield by puting more N fertilizer to the soil leading more environmental pressures. Thus, reduced N feitilizer input is urgent. Biochar (BC), a carbon-rich product, affects N effectiveness, yet, the mechanism behind remains unclear, especially for the textures of soils. Therefore, three N levels, five applicated rates and three textures soils were used to evalute the seeds germiantion of maize, the N uptake under BC addition and reduced N input. The three N fertilizer levels were the control, 0 N fertilizer (N0), 30% reduction based in the local N input, 196 kg/hm2 (N1) and local N application amount 280 kg/hm2 (N2). The rates for BC were 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% (wieght ratio), and the soil textures were loamy, loamy clay, and loamy sandy, which the bulk density was 1.38g/cm3, 1.42g/cm3, and 1.47g/cm3, respectively. The results showed that there was an interaction between BC and soil texture on maize growth and N uptake at seedling stage, there was a dose effect of BC on maize seed germination, plant height and storage material transfer efficiency, with a varied optimal BC dosage for the three textured soils. The growth of maize in the three soils showed different trends, and the growth of maize in loamy and loamy clay soil was better than that in loamy sandy soil, and BC had no effect on this trend. The optimal BC rate for the loamy sandy, loamy, and loamy clay soils was 2.5%, 7.5%, and 10%, respectively. Further research using relatively sensitive loamy found that BC addition under reduced N (N2) increased the total N, nitrate N contents and the microbial biomass of N by 12.0%, 9.99%, 11.3%, respectively and decreased the contents of ammonium N by 62.7%. Meanwhile, the uptake of N in maize seedling was increased, 11.1% for the N contents of aboveground and 11.4% for that of underground. The results certisfied that the dose-effect of BC changed for the soil texture and optimal BC application should be considered when the BC was added to the soil.
Circular PVT1 promotes cardiac fibroblast activation via sponging miR-30a-5p and miR-125b-5p
Authors: Martelli Fabio , Bibi Alessia , Madè Alisia , Greco Simona , Manteiga Jose Garcia , Tascini Anna Sofia , Tastsoglou Spyros , Zaccagnini Germana , Leszek Przemyslaw , Gaetano Carlo
Published: June 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. In this study, we report that circular PVT1 (circPVT1) was upregulated in the left ventricle of 31 ischemic heart failure patients compared to 11 non-ischemic controls. RNA-Sequencing analysis following circPVT1 knockdown in immortalized human cardiomyocytes identified differentially expressed genes mainly involved in fibrosis. Notably, in human cardiac fibroblasts, circPVT1 expression significantly increased after TGF-β1 treatment and circPVT1 silencing attenuated the levels of pro-fibrotic markers induced by TGF-β1. RNA pull-down assays validated the interaction between circPVT1 and two fibrosis-related miRNAs, miR-30a-5p and miR-125b-5p. The levels of these miRNAs were not altered upon circPVT1 knockdown. However, the expression of their mRNA targets was deregulated upon circPVT1 silencing, suggesting that circPVT1 modulates miRNA cellular bioavailability. Accordingly, inhibition of either miR-30a-5p or miR-125b-5p restored the expression of TGF-β1-induced pro-fibrotic markers following circPVT1 silencing, indicating that both miR-30a-5p and miR-125b-5p act as downstream effectors of circPVT1 in cardiac fibroblast activation. In conclusion, these findings highlight a pro-fibrotic role for circPVT1, which can regulate cardiac fibroblast activation via sponging the anti-fibrotic miR-30a-5p and miR-125b-5p. The modulation of circPVT1 expression may represent a potential strategy to reduce cardiac fibrosis and remodeling.
Pennate diatoms make Non Photochemical Quenching as simple as possible, but not simpler.
Authors: Bailleul Benjamin , Croteau Dany , Jaubert Marianne , Falciatore Angela
Published: June 2024

Studies of marine microalgal photosynthesis are heavily molded on legacy research from organisms like Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas, despite the differences between primary and secondary endosymbionts. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) protects photosystem II from excessive light and, in pennate diatoms, requires the xanthophyll pigment diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins. Although NPQ’s relationship with diatoxanthin is straightforward, the role of Lhcx proteins has been unclear, leading to unnecessarily complex models due to comparisons with green organisms. We used 14 Phaeodactylum tricornutum strains, including 13 transgenic lines with variable Lhcx1 expression levels, grew them under two non-stressful light conditions, and modulated diatoxanthin levels through short light stress. The resulting Lhcx1-diatoxanthin matrices were used to demonstrate that NPQ is proportional to the product of the Lhcx1 concentration and the proportion of diatoxanthin in the xanthophyll pool. This indicates that the interaction between diatoxanthin and Lhcx1, likely through the binding of diatoxanthin on Lhcx1, creates a homogeneous Stern-Volmer quencher responsible for NPQ. Additionally, we demonstrated that the photosynthetic unit in pennate diatoms follows a “lake” model, with discrepancies in the NPQ-photochemistry relationship arising from unconsidered assumptions, one possibility being cellular heterogeneity. This underscores pennate diatoms as natural reductionist system for studying marine photosynthesis.
The BBX family and their response to abiotic stress in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Authors: Shi Jia-Yu , Tang Yun-Rui , Li Hong-Lei , Xing Hai-Tao
Published: June 2024

Background
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a medicinal and edible plant in Chinese culture, is often impacted by adverse environmental conditions. BBX genes are fundamental regulators of multiple pathways in plants, although a systematic cataloging of BBX genes in ginger has not yet been completed.
Result
.The study examined 31 members of the BBX gene family in ginger (ZoBBXs). Moreover, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the sequence features, conserved protein motifs, chromosome location, phylogenetic relationships, and gene duplication events in ZoBBXs. In terms of gene structures, conserved domains, and motifs, ZoBBXs can be categorized into five categories. Moreover, the study investigated the expression patterns of ZoBBXs across different developmental stages and under various abiotic stresses, such as ABA, cold, drought, heat, and salt, utilizing RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis. The results indicated that ZoBBX#04, ZoBBX#11, ZoBBX#24, and ZoBBX#27 may be key regulators of flowering in ginger, while ZoBBX#05, ZoBBX#11, ZoBBX#17, and ZoBBX#24 were identified as significant contributors to stress response mechanisms.
Conclusion
A detailed analysis of ginger's BBX family is presented in this study, laying the groundwork for further exploration of the potential roles of ZoBBX genes in ginger's growth, development, and tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Molecular Insights into the Interactions between PEG Carriers and Drug Molecules from Celastrus hindsii: A Multi-scale Simulation Study
Authors: Ho Thi H. , Tong Hien Duy , Trinh Thuat T.
Published: June 2024

Efficient drug delivery is crucial for the creation of effective pharmaceutical treatments, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) carriers have been emerged as promising candidates for this purpose due to their bio-compatibility, enhancement of drug solubility, and stability. In this study, we utilized molecular simulations to examine the interactions between PEG carriers and selected drug molecules extracted from \textit{Celastrus hindsii}: Hindsiilactone A, Hindsiiquinoflavan B, Maytenfolone A, and Celasdin B. The simulations provided detailed insights into the binding affinity, stability, and structural properties of these drug molecules when complexed with PEG carriers. A multi-scale approach combining Density Functional Theory (DFT), extended Tight-Binding (xTB), and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations was conducted to investigate both unbound and bound states of PEG/drug systems. The results from DFT and xTB calculations revealed that the unbound complex has an unfavorable binding free energy, primarily due to negative contributions of delta solvation free energy and entropy. The MD simulations provided more detailed insights into the interactions between PEG and drug molecules in water solutions. By integrating the findings from the multi-scale simulations, a comprehensive picture of the unbound and bound states of PEG and drug systems were obtained. This information is valuable for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the binding of drugs in PEG-based delivery platforms, and it contributes to the rational design and optimization of these systems.
The relationship between interpersonal trust, family capital and physical activity behavior among university students: a cross-lagged study
Authors: Li Bo , He Ying , Zhou Xielin
Published: June 2024

Objective: To explore the interaction mechanism between interpersonal trust, family capital, and physical activity behavior among college students using a cross-lagged study design, providing a theoretical basis for the healthy development of their physical and mental well-being.
Methods: A longitudinal follow-up survey was conducted among 412 college students in Sichuan Province, using the Interpersonal Trust Scale, Physical Activity Rating Scale, and Family Capital Scale, in two phases over eight weeks from early March (T1) to early May (T2) 2024.
Results: (1) The autoregressive path coefficients for interpersonal trust, family capital, and physical activity behavior were 0.51, 0.41, and 0.66, respectively, indicating good stability (p<0.001). (2) Interpersonal trust at T1 positively predicted family capital at T2 (β=0.28, p<0.001), and family capital at T1 also positively predicted interpersonal trust at T2 (β=0.23, p<0.001), indicating a mutual influence between family capital and interpersonal trust. (3) Family capital at T1 did not predict physical activity behavior at T2 (p>0.05), but physical activity behavior at T1 positively predicted family capital at T2 (β=0.20, p<0.001), indicating that physical activity behavior is a causal variable for family capital. (4) Interpersonal trust at T1 positively predicted physical activity behavior at T2 (β=0.16, p<0.001), while physical activity behavior at T1 did not predict interpersonal trust at T2 (p>0.05), suggesting that interpersonal trust is a causal variable for physical activity behavior. (5) Family capital mediated the relationship between interpersonal trust and physical activity behavior (α=0.046), with a confidence interval of [0.014,0.097].
Conclusion: There were no gender differences in the relationship between interpersonal trust, family capital, and physical activity behavior among college students. There was a longitudinal relationship between interpersonal trust, family capital, and physical activity behavior, where family capital and interpersonal trust mutually influence each other. Physical activity behavior was a positive causal variable for family capital, while interpersonal trust was a positive causal variable for physical activity behavior. Additionally, family capital mediated the relationship between interpersonal trust and physical activity behavior.
Distribution of hybrid beta/kappa carrageenan from the red alga Betaphycus gelatinus in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Le Dinh , Nguyen Hoang Thi Trang , Trang Vo Thi Dieu , Nghia Le Trong , Trung Dinh Thanh , Thuy Thanh Thi Thu
Published: June 2024

The red alga Betaphycus gelatinus showed a monthly little variation in carrageenan yields, 3,6 anhydro galactose and sulfate contents for the native carrageenans (68.2 – 73.1%, 23.1-24.8% and 19.5 – 20.3%, respectively) and for alkali modified carrageenans (23.7 – 31.5%, 41.6 – 43.9% and 8.6 – 8.7%, respectively). The gelling, melting temperatures and gel strength of alkali modified carrageenans from April to June showed no change, with the recorded values of 40.8 o C, 74.5 o C and 310 g cm-2 , respectively. The molecular weight of the native carrageenan was primarily distributed at 876 kDa, with a small fraction at 1.2 kDa. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra proved that the carrageenan is composed of a hybrid of beta carrageenan and kappa carrageenan. Calculated from the peak areas of the α-anomeric proton signals in 1 H NMR and the signal intensities of the anomeric carbons in 13 C NMR spectra indicated that the native carrageenan showed no much difference in components of beta carrageenan (51.8%) and kappa carrageenan (48.2%), but after alkali modified carrageenan, the beta carrageenan component increased significantly (68.6%) compared to the kappa carrageenan component (31.4%). These results will contribute more information of hybrid carrageenan from the red alga B. gelatinus in Vietnam.
Spectroscopic Insights into BSA-Mediated Deaggregation of m-THPC
Authors: Kolman Aleksander , Pedzinski Tomasz , Lewandowska-Andralojc Anna
Published: June 2024

Meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) is among the most potent photosensitizers, known for its high singlet oxygen generation efficiency. However, its clinical effectiveness in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is compromised by its propensity to aggregate in aqueous solutions, adversely affecting its photophysical properties and therapeutic potential. A series of spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and laser flash photolysis, revealed that m-THPC exhibits significant aggregation, particularly in MeOH-PBS mixtures with MeOH content below 30%. This aggregation adversely affects its photophysical properties leading to reduced fluorescence quantum yield and most importantly reducing its singlet oxygen quantum yield. This study introduces the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to counteract the aggregation of m-THPC, aiming to enhance its solubility, stability, and efficacy in physiological settings. Through advanced spectroscopic analyses we demonstrated that the m-THPC@BSA complex exhibits improved photophysical characteristics, essential for effective PDT. Notably, the complex showed a significant restoration of the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.21) compared to aggregated m-THPC. These results underscore the potential of BSA to preserve the monomeric form of m-THPC, mitigating aggregation-induced losses in singlet oxygen production. Our findings suggest that BSA-mediated delivery systems could play a crucial role in optimizing the clinical utility of hydrophobic photosensitizers like m-THPC.
Anal cancer risk and HPV infection knowledge and awareness among Hispanic persons living with HIV in Puerto Rico.
Authors: Hernandez-Marrero Jessica , Ramos-Cartagena Jeslie M. , Soto-Salgado Marievelisse , Rivera-Santiago Tanialy , Ortiz-Ortiz Karen J. , López Vivian Colón- , Deshmukh Ashish A. , Ortiz Ana P.
Published: June 2024

Background: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher risk of persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and anal cancer. We evaluated knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and risk factors for anal cancer among PLWH in Puerto Rico (PR).
Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study (2020-2021) were analyzed (n=212). Inclusion criteria included PLWH, aged ≥ 26 years, and living in PR. Telephone interviews collected information on sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics. Two 13-item scales were used to assess knowledge of HPV and anal cancer risk factors; adequate knowledge for both scales were defined as scoring >70%. Logistic regression models using generalized linear models were used to determine the association between 1) HPV infection awareness, 2) HPV infection knowledge, and 3) Anal cancer risk factors knowledge.
Results: The median age was 54 years (IQR: 46,58), 67.5% were male, 71.7% reported having an income <$20,000, and 54.3% had an education level of more than high school. HPV awareness was high (82.1%), but only 40.2% and 3.8% had adequate knowledge of HPV and anal cancer risk factors, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression models, men who have sex with men (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.47) and women (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.15-1.59) aged ≥50 years had higher odds of HPV awareness than heterosexual men in that age group. Moreover, those with history of anal Pap test aged <50 years had more HPV awareness (OR 1.34, 95%CI: 1.08-1.66) than their counterparts. Adequate HPV knowledge was higher among participants with an education level of more than high-school (OR:1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.50) and with a history of HPV diagnosis (OR:1.33, 95%CI: 1.08-1.65) than their counterparts. In addition, people with good/very good/excellent health perception had higher odds of HPV knowledge (OR:1.23, 95%CI: 1.03-1.47) than those who reported poor/regular health perception. For anal cancer risk factors, PLWH for ≥15 years had increased odds of having adequate knowledge (OR:1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.14) than their counterparts.
Conclusions: Despite high awareness of HPV, limited knowledge about HPV and anal cancer risk factors was observed among PLWH. Results from our study highlight the need for educational efforts within this population as an anal cancer prevention strategy.
From parcels to people: development of a spatially explicit risk indicator to monitor residential pesticide exposure in agricultural areas
Authors: Galimberti Francesco , Bopp Stephanie , Carletti Alessandro , Catarino Rui , Claverie Martin , Florio Pietro , Ippolito Alessio , Jones Arwyn , Marchetto Flavio , Olvedy Michael , Pistocchi Alberto , Verhegghen Astrid , Velde Marijn Van Der , Vieira Diana , D'Andrimont Raphael
Published: June 2024

The increasing use of pesticides worldwide has raised concerns about their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health, particularly for populations residing near agricultural regions. This study presents a novel spatially explicit risk indicator to assess residential pesticide exposure using detailed plant protection product data from France. By integrating spatial datasets and exposure assessment methodologies, we generated a high-resolution map that illustrates potential pesticide loads at the parcel level. Coupling this map with population distribution data enabled the monitoring of non-dietary pesticide exposure patterns. Findings indicate that approximately 13% of the French population may be exposed to pesticides due to their proximity to treated crops, with exposure levels varying from low to high (74% and 26% of the population respectively). This risk indicator highlights the effectiveness of detailed pesticide data in tracking and mitigating risks and can help identify regions where sustainable farming practices should be intensified. In addition, this method is scalable and can be adapted for use in other countries to improve pesticide risk monitoring and management in Europe and globally.
Oral manifestations in different stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Palmeira Eduarda , Egido-Moreno Sonia , Omaña-Cepeda Carlos , Segura-Egea Juan José , Lopez-Lopez José
Published: June 2024

Background
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, slow and silent disease characterized by kidney damage and a consequent reduction of kidney function. The final stage indicates that renal function is lost and necessitates renal replacement therapy for survival. This progression is associated with worsening symptoms and complications in oral cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate oral manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease according to which stage of the disease for early detection, that alterations play an important point for dental guide during that progression.
Methods
The present study was a quantitative observational study of 450 patients, 150 control, 100 cases of patients in pre-dialysis, 100 cases of patients in treatment with peritoneal dialysis, 100 cases of patients in treatment with hemodialysis, from a Hospital in the north of Portugal, Oporto. An oral exam was performed for detection oral manifestations, age, smoking, alcoholic and hygiene habits, systemic diseases were collected.
Results
Oral lesions were presente in the four study groups, but with more incidence in the hemodialysis group. Comparing the groups studies, we found a significant finding in presence of xerostomia (45.0%), gingivitis (68.0%), petechiae (10.0%), ecchymoses (17.0%), mucosa paleness (46.0%), uremic breath (29.0%), burning mouth (9.0%), which increased as the treatment time of chronic kidney disease (peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis) increased.
Conclusion
A multidisciplinary team should follow this patient, from pre-dialysis phase to kidney transplantation, the oral cavity must have important and continuous monitoring, as the early detection of lesions and specific oral manifestations could be a means of early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease or its progression.
Clinical trial registration number: (Pending Registration Number) Date of clinical trial registration: 11/06/2024
Virgin Olive Oil Extract as anti-inflammatory on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Short-Chain Fatty Acid
Authors: MZ Mely Marita , Rasyid Haerani , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , As’ad Suryani , Bukhari Agussalim , Aminuddin  , Syauki Andi Yasmin , Madjid Mardiana
Published: June 2024

Background and objective
: People with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) generally has malnutrition and decrease immune system due to lower food intake and inflammation. To address the progression of CKD, the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has been identified as an independent risk factor. The decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces and serum of CKD patients during disease progression suggests a link between gut microbiota and CKD. We proposed administering Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) to explore the impact of the intervention CKD patients and effects on inflammation and gut microbiota.
Methods
This study was randomized clinical trial design by the administration of EVOO. Thirty participants were taken from CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The intervention group (15 participants) was administered with EVOO 40ml for 2 weeks, and 15 participants as a control group without EVOO. Body mass index was measured using anthropometric (body weigth dan heigth), NLR were taken from red blood cell and SCFA using prohealthy gut examination,
Results
the study showed there were no differences between two group on nutritional status (both had normal status). Level of NRL significantly differents pre-and-post in intervention group, (5.07 ± 7.35 vs 2.74 ± 2.18 p = 0.007), not for control group ( 3.86 ± 2.21vs 4.26 ± 2.56 p = 0.196). There are not significant result for SCFA for intervention group (8.31 ± 3.77 vs 8.92 ± 3.88 p = 0.670). and control group (11.50 ± 4.80 vs 11.50 ± 3.86 p = 0.550). in addition, this study shown significant increased of energy intake, and carbohydrate on intervention group not in control group (p < 0,005).
Conclusion
This study reported the differences of NLR and SCFA levels and food intake in both groups, NLR as inflammatory markers significantly decreased in intervention group after 2 weeks of EVOO administration, while increased in control group. Moreover, EVOO affected Short SCFA levels in the gastrointestinal tract.