bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“How is your thesis going?” – Ph.D. students’ perspectives on mental health and stress in academia
Authors: Friedrich Julian , Bareis Anna , Bross Moritz , Bürger Zoé , Cortés Rodríguez Álvaro , Effenberger Nina , Kleinhansl Markus , Kremer Fabienne , Schröder Cornelius
Published: March 2023

Mental health issues among Ph.D. students are prevalent and on the rise, with multiple studies showing that Ph.D. students are more likely to experience symptoms of mental health-related issues than the general population. However, the data is still sparse. This study aims to investigate the mental health of 589 Ph.D. students at a public university in Germany using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. We administered a web-based self-report questionnaire to gather data on the mental health status, investigated mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety, and potential areas for improvement of the mental health and well-being of Ph.D. students. Our results revealed that one-third of the participants were above the cut-off for depression and that factors such as perceived stress and self-doubt were prominent predictors of the mental health status of Ph.D. students. Additionally, we found job insecurity and low job satisfaction to be predictors of stress and anxiety. Many participants in our study reported working more than full-time while being employed part-time. Importantly, deficient supervision was found to have a negative effect on Ph.D. students’ mental health. The study’s results are in line with those of earlier investigations of mental health in academia, which likewise reveal significant levels of depression and anxiety among Ph.D. students. Overall, the findings provide a greater knowledge of the underlying reasons and potential interventions required for advancing the mental health problems experienced by Ph.D. students. The results of this research can guide the development of effective strategies to support the mental health of Ph.D. students.
Review of “Veblen: The Making of an Economist Who Unmade Economics” by Charles Camic
Authors: Wible James R.
Published: March 2023

Review of “Veblen: The Making of an Economist Who Unmade Economics” by Charles Camic
Review of “David Ricardo: An Intellectual Biography” by Sergio Cremaschi
Authors: Pack Spencer
Published: March 2023

Review of “David Ricardo: An Intellectual Biography” by Sergio Cremaschi
JHET Interview: E. Roy Weintraub
Authors: Giraud Yann
Published: March 2023

A transcription of a 2019 conversation with Duke historian E. Roy Weintraub on his intellectual development over the 1980s from mathematician to economist to historian. The conversation also explored Weintraub’s early and continuing attempts to forge new ways to study the history of contemporary economics, and the role of science studies in providing a natural language for such explorations. A French translation has already been published in the journal Zilsel: Science, technique, société.
Review of “Progression Through Regression” by Jeff E. Biddle
Authors: Cheng Chung-Tang
Published: March 2023

Review of “Progression Through Regression” by Jeff E. Biddle
Urethrocystoscopy in the Urology Department of the Zinvie La Croix Hospital AU Benin: Indications and Results
Authors: Fiston Basirwa Musengo , Malick Djialiri , Lutegha Muhindo , Moïse Muhindo Valmungighe , Franck Gandji , Georges Avakoudjo Josué Dedjinnin
Published: March 2023

Background: Urethrocystoscopy is a basic endoscopic examination in urology. The aim of this study was to describe the indications and results obtained during urethrocystoscopy in patients received and treated in the urology department of the Zinvie La Croix Hospital in Benin. Patients and methods: It was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the urology department of the Zinvie La Croix Hospital from January 1st, 2022 to July 30th, 2022, involving 92 patients. The variables studied were: age, sex, indication for urethrocystoscopy and results obtained. Results: Of the 92 patients collected, there were 72 men (78.2%) and 20 women (21.7%); the sex ratio was 3.6. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 80 years with an average of 43.43 years; 48.8% of the patients were under 40 years of age and the age group (20-39 years) represented 43.4%. The main indications were lower urinary tract symptoms (48.57%) followed by hematuria (19.04%). The main results were bladder neck sclerosis 14 (17.28%) and urethral stricture 13 (16.04%) in men and urinary bilharzia 8 (40%) and bladder tumor 4 (20%) in women. Conclusion: Urethrostoscopy is a primary examination in urology. Lower urinary tract symptoms were the main indication; bladder neck sclerosis in men and urinary bilharzia in women were the main pathologies encountered. This technique should be popularized in urological outpatient surgery.
Role of the construction project team in health and safety management: a study of construction projects in the Wa Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Aasonaa Dominic Naaemwan
Published: March 2023

ntroduction: The building industry is vulnerable to a variety of hazards, many of which pose a significant risk to workers' health and safety. This research aimed to examine the role of the construction project team in health and safety management in the Wa Municipality of Ghana.
Methods: This study used a descriptive survey with a quantitative approach as the research design. The study's population consisted of 52 construction project sites from the municipal. All 52 construction project sites in the area were chosen for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summaries information from respondents.
Results: The study revealed that monitoring construction sites and ensuring the companies comply with state regulations on health and safety in the workplace obtained the highest ranking, ensuring workers comply with safety and health procedures and use personal protective equipment at construction project sites were ranked as the topmost roles of the construction project team, poor culture and attitudes existed amongst construction workers, supervisors, and top management of companies toward health and safety.
Conclusion: It revealed a lack of health and safety management at all levels of the construction chain. First, there is poor culture and attitudes of construction workers, supervisors, and companies toward health and safety. Secondly, ineffective operation of safety regulation, inefficient institutional frameworks responsible for governing construction activities, and a lack of attention to safety management by main contractors/team. Despite the institutional provisions for construction safety in Ghana (the Labor Act, 2003 and the Factories, Offices, and Shops Act, 1970), there is no compliance with these Acts during construction.
Evaluation of the knowledge of sun exposure and sun protective measures in healthcare workers
Authors: Aryal Eliz , Shrestha Prashanna Raj , Gautam Sujan
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation has a great impact on human life. The sun has always played an important role in Asian culture, so much so, that it is often prayed to as a God. Prolonged sun exposure can cause extensive and chronic harmful effects. Healthcare personnel is supposed to have good knowledge regarding sun protection as they play a key role in society disseminating knowledge to the general public. There are limited data regarding the knowledge of sun protection and sunscreen practice among health care workers.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from June to October 2020 on healthcare workers (medical staff) in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire was distributed to the target study population without disturbing or hampering the healthcare worker’s duty.
Results: Out of a total of 264 participants in the study, 84 (31.8%) were male and 180 (68.2%) were female. The knowledge of proper terminology for SPF (Sun Protection Factor) was noted in 196 (74.2%) and 57 (21.6%) agreed that the value of SPF was related to age. No significant difference was noted regarding knowledge about the time of sun exposure for Vitamin D synthesis. No significant differences were found in practices of sunscreen use for purposes of fairness, or prevention of tanning, wrinkle, mole, and skin cancer.
Conclusion: A higher level of education was associated with better knowledge and proper abiding practices regarding sunscreen use. As healthcare workers play a key role in distributing information in society, they should be targeted in education campaigns regarding sun exposure and sun protection measures; with these efforts focused more on nurses and medical officers.
Prevalence of Occupational Injuries in selected Coir Industries in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Onni Anindita Tasnim , Dodanwalage Asela Kumar Perera , Bråtveit Magne , Moen Bente Elisabeth
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The coir industry processes fibers from coconuts and is important for a high number of people in Sri Lanka. Coir workers handle several dangerous machines. This project has studied occupational injuries among coir workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in six medium-sized coir industries in Sri Lanka, each with 15-100 employees. The workers who were present at work on the two days the researchers visited the respective industries (128 of total 214 workers) were interviewed on socio-demographics, work tasks they normally perform and occupational injuries they had experienced in the last three months. Independent T-tests and Chi-square tests were used to analyze for differences between groups.
Results: The mean age of the 128 interviewed workers was 45 years and 53.9% were male. Totally 34 (26.6%) of the workers had experienced at least one injury each during the past three months. Women reported significantly more injuries than men (38.9% vs 15.9%). The workers operating machines reported significantly more injuries than workers who performed other types of work (42.3% vs 22.0%). Slipped, tripped, and fall (64%) were the most common events of injury seen among the injured workers followed by cuts by sharp objects or machines (20%). The most common type of injury among the workers reporting injuries were cuts and bruises (50%).
Conclusion: More than one-fourth of the workers reported to have been injured in the last three months, indicating a high injury risk. This raises concerns and highlights the need for preventative measures to minimize risks.
Was It Pneumothorax? A Case Report of a Neonate with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation from Rural Nepal
Authors: Paudel Pradip Kumar , Devkota Pragya , Devkota Bibek
Published: March 2023

Formerly called congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare but most common congenital lung malformation that may manifest as an asymptomatic lesion at birth or in later life. The diagnosis may be difficult and is easily confused for pneumothorax often resulting incorrect ICD insertion on an emergency basis, which causes complications and delays accurate diagnosis. We report a case of a neonate, who presented with increasing respiratory distress at birth and hyperlucency in a chest radiograph initially misdiagnosed as pneumothorax and ICD inserted, later correctly diagnosed as CPAM type I with help of a CT chest. This case report is presented to highlight that CPAM is a rare cause of respiratory distress in newborns at birth.
World Englishes, Monolingual Bias, and Standardized Tests in a Multilingual World: Ideologies, Practices, and the Missing Link
Authors: Ojha Laxmi Prasad
Published: March 2023

As English continues to spread as an international lingua franca, there is a growing diversity in its use around the world. As a result, there are calls for embracing the diversity in the teaching, learning and assessment of the language. At the same time, there is a growing criticism against the widely taken language tests such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) for being guided by the pervasive ideology of monolingual native speakerism and devaluing the multilingual speakers and the multiple varieties of Englishers. Against this backdrop, this conceptual paper focuses on the inﬂuence of the World Englishes movement on these so-called standardized tests and critically examines how the existing assessment practices fail to represent the multilingual repertoires and actual language practices of the diverse range of test-takers around the world. Based on the critical analysis of relevant literature on World Englishes, the paper highlights the progress, challenges and possibilities for incorporation of more diverse models of language tests in a translingual world that we live in today.
Nepali English or Other Varieties of English: Perspectives from English Language Teachers in Nepal
Authors: Dewan Shankar
Published: March 2023

This qualitative content analysis article aims at exploring the perspectives of English language teachers on Nepali English (NE). I purposively selected six college level English language teachers from Sunsari and Morang districts and collected the required data through a semi-structured interview. The study reveals that NE has emerged in Nepal as a result of mother tongue inﬂuence, nativization of English to local contexts, and exposure from the non-native teachers during the second language acquisition process, and it is practically more appropriate than other varieties of English in Nepal. All the research participants favour NE as it is more intelligible and easier to teach and learn than the other varieties of English, promotes Nepali identity, boosts conﬁdence, reduces anxiety, and helps to resist the hegemony of British English (BE) or American English (AE). They, however, believe that more research and discourse on NE, its codiﬁ cation and standardization, and power (political, economic, and ideological) are necessary for bringing NE into concrete form. These perspectives from the English language teachers on NE pave the ground for appropriating English language policies, English language curriculum, textbooks, and pedagogy in Nepal, and rethinking the traditional treatment of errors.
Fundamentals of Academic Writing: A Literature Review
Authors: Chauhan Padam
Published: March 2023

In order to write for academic purposes, all novice ESL and EFL writers must be well-informed about the fundamentals of academic writing (AW) in English. Developing academic writing skills for all students is crucial because they must produce good writing skills to meet the standards of college and university course writing assignments. The typical college and university writing assignments include descriptive writing, analytical writing, persuasive writing, critical writing, and inquiry writing. In the meantime, it is also crucial for them to understand that writing is a recursive process involving various stages, such as generating ideas, outlining, planning, drafting, revising, editing, and sharing. During the writing process, the writers should not only consider the elements of AW, comprising content, organization, purpose and audience, critical thinking, word choice, grammar, and mechanics, but also its basic conventions, including objectivity, formality or style, citation style, simplicity, clarity and conciseness, and genre awareness. Against this background, the primary purpose of this paper is to review the fundamentals of academic writing. The paper ﬁ rst deﬁnes AW as an art, science, and craft. It then brieﬂy discusses the main types of writing students must produce as a part of their college and university course assignments. Finally, the paper highlights some key features of research-based writing tasks generally assigned to graduate students, such as reading responses or reaction papers, reﬂection papers, research papers, and theses and dissertations.
Demystifying Writing: Strategies for Developing Better Writing
Authors: Paudel Jagadish
Published: March 2023

Students are often afraid of writing tasks, regardless of whether they are writing in their own native language or are second language writers. I share examples of my own writing experiences and struggles, and then I argue how writing can be demystiﬁ ed, offering some strategies towards advancing one’s writing skills: understanding writing, doing free writing, identifying writing weaknesses, practicing enormously, visualizing purpose and audience, revising writing, articulating writer’s own voice, obtaining feedback, reﬂecting on own writing, and embracing mimesis approach. I discuss the strategies drawing on ideas from renowned writing theorists, including Elbow (1998), Harris (2006), Vilardi and Chang (2009), and Adler-Kassner and Wardle (2016), etc. This paper is particularly relevant to early career ELT teachers to understand and demystify the student writing process; however, it might also be helpful for any academic level of students to advance their writing.
ELT in the Age of Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI): Working with Machines
Authors: Thadphoothon Janpha
Published: March 2023

Since 2016, the development of artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) has been strong and pervasive, including its roles in business and education. In ELT, in particular, several machine learning models have been implemented such as speech recognition, grammar correction, chatbots, and translation. ELT is in the middle of a rapid and disruptive change and the magnitude of which is paramount that we have never witnessed before. Under this situation, ELT practitioners may have to acquire additional skills and competencies so as to be relevant and thrive in this rapid change and move the ﬁeld forward to the next level. In this paper, the researcher proposes ELT 3.0, a new vision where working with the machines needs to be incorporated into the existing roles of the ELT teachers.
Intervention Strategies to Mitigate Psychosocial Challenges and Improve the Quality of Life of MDR-TB Patients - An Evaluation Study
Authors: Thiruvalluvan Elango , Sellappan Senthil , Watson Basilea , Muniyandi M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The psychosocial well-being and treatment outcome in MDR-TB is far undesirable as the treatment is characterized by a rigorous treatment regimen for a long duration, adverse side effects, lower cure rate, and high treatment costs. This study aimed to devise an intervention strategy and test its feasibility and effectiveness to ensure the patients’ quality of life (QOL) and to promote adherence.
Methodology: The study population included all MDR-TB patients, of age 18 years and above registered in 16 tuberculosis units (TUs) under Chennai Corporation for treatment during the year 2014. Researchers have devised an intervention strategy package that included motivational interview (MI) module, counseling support as well as nutritional support. Participants were included in the study after getting informed consent. Motivational interviewing was offered at five times during the study period. Each participant received minimum 15 individual counselling sessions. All participants but two received nutritional flour packet weighing half kilogram every month.
Results: Of 35 participants enrolled in the study, one third was women. Poor QOL was experienced by 19 participants out of 35 at the start of treatment that came down to 2 after the study. QOL scores in all four domains were significantly high and depression level score was significantly lowered at the end of the treatment. At the start of the treatment twenty, four out of thirty-five participants were dissatisfied with their health that came down to five at the end of treatment.
Conclusion: Intervention strategy not only had a great impact on the QOL of study participants but also contributed to better treatment adherence and desirable treatment outcome. Therefore, researchers emphasize the need to adopt this Intervention Strategy through the provision of trained, professional MDR-TB counsellors. Further, larger studies of multi-state/ multi-site may be taken up to standardize the intervention strategies adopted in this study.
Adult Onset Still’s Disease Presenting with Tuberculous Bronchopneumonia: A Case Study
Authors: Manmathan Rassaiah , Rathnapala Amila , Siribaddana Anoma
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The occurrence of Post primary Tuberculosis [TB] can be due to reactivation of previous infection or reinfection. Reactivation of TB could occur due to many conditions including immunosuppressive drug therapy and immunosuppressive diseases. In countries where latent TB is common a good vigilance is needed for early detection of TB when such conditions are managed.
Adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic disorder of unknown etiology where fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and multi organ involvement occur. ASOD is a challenging condition to diagnose as there are no pathognomonic physical signs or markers. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is important as diagnostic delays could lead to serious consequences.
Occurrence of tuberculosis in a patient with AOSD has not been documented in literature to-date. Here we describe a 46-year-old male who presented with low grade fever and arthralgia for more than one month with organomegaly and pericardial effusion managed as AOSD, later developed Tuberculous bronchopneumonia.
Tuberculosis Sanatorium of 21st Century Exploring the Admission Pattern and Duration of Stay at TB Sanatorium Bhowali, Uttarakhand, India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Debnath Aninda , Chandra Ankit , Maroof Mohd. , Awasthi Sadhana , Arya Monika
Published: March 2023

Introduction: With time there have been major changes in the management of TB. No longer TB sanatoriums are preferred. However, in this 21st century, few sanatoriums do exist but are no longer in their original forms, to explore the admission patterns and duration of stay at the TB sanatorium Bhowali, Uttarakhand.
Methodology: We retrieved the data between 1st January 2018 to 31st July 2021 from the inpatient Department (IPD) of TB sanatorium Bhowali. Data were extracted in an extraction sheet and descriptive data analysis was done to see the admission patterns and duration of stay. The place of residence was analysed as per the district-wise distribution.
Results: There were 1247 admissions. These admissions were limited to six states, and the majority were from the state of Uttar Pradesh (50.7%) and Uttarakhand (46.7%). The highest cases were in the year 2018, and during April to July. As per the district-wise distribution, Udham Singh Nagar had the highest proportion of admissions (18.6%), followed by Bareilly (15%), Nainital (11.4%), and Rampur (10.9%). The mean (SD) and median (IQR) duration of stay were 22.7 days (SD–24.7) and 14 (IQR 7– 8) days, respectively. The median duration of stay was significantly higher for females (25.1 days) compared to males (21.6 days).
Conclusion: TB sanatorium Bhowali (Uttarakhand) caters majority of the patients from the neighbouring state of Uttar Pradesh. The admissions were high during the spring and summer seasons. The median duration of hospital stay for patients admitted with TB was two weeks.
Tuberculosis in the SAARC Region: Prioritize control measures, strengthen health facilities
Authors: Bastola Anup
Published: March 2023

Not available.
Work Life Balance among Women Employees in Service Sector with Special Reference to Banking Industry in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Dhungel Sarad
Published: March 2023

This study was interested in female bank employees’ perceptions of work life balance at banking institutions in Kathmandu. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model was used as a theoretical framework to consider the demands that these women encounter as well as the support systems that they utilize to help facilitate work-life balance (WLB). Importantly, as a theoretical framework, the JD-R was used to bring to light employee experiences of their WLB in relation to their work demands and the resources that are available to them. A qualitative research design was used. Semi-structured interviews on a purposive sample of eight research participants were conducted within eight commercial banks of Kathmandu. Theory-led thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts. The findings of the study indicated that these women relied heavily upon domestic helpers in terms of household duties, extended family and their spouses in terms of childcare duties and needs. These employees felt that work dominates their lives more due to the core demands of meeting targets. These employees perceived that the bank as a whole was not supportive of WLB as they claimed to be and wanted to be involved with the HR Department in the formation of work-life balance policies. This research study offers insight into the needs of female bank employees and suggests the way forward for organizations to appropriately prioritize WLB as a quality strategy in an attempt to retain talented women in the organization.
Government Capital Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Mahara Tilak Singh
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the short-run and long-run causal relationship between government expenditure, labor force, gross investment, aggregate consumption, and economic growth of Nepal. The gross domestic product (Y), capital expenditure (K), population (L), gross investment (GI), and aggregate consumption (CO) have been used to find the causal relationship between government expenditure, and economic growth. The ARDL cointegration technique confirms a long-run association among the variables. The study revealed that capital expenditure, labor force participation, gross investment, and aggregate consumption all are the long-run driver of the economic growth of Nepal. These findings tell that efficient and timely allocation and use of capital expenditure, expansion of public as well private investment, and increased aggregate consumption matters for economic growth. The study also shows the existence of unidirectional causation from capital expenditure to growth and bidirectional relationship between other variables. The findings support Keynesian thought of government expenditure and economic growth. The regulatory and policymakers should focus on expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate capital formation, efficient productive investment, boost effective demand, and enhance long-run economic growth in Nepal.
परिमार्जित ब्लुम टेक्सोनोमीको अनुरूपताका दृष्टिले विद्यालय तहको नेपाली भाषा पाठ्यक्रम {School Level Nepali Language Curriculum in Conformity with Revised Bloom's Taxonomy}
Authors: घिमिरे Ghimire दिनेश Dinesh
Published: March 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख विद्यालय तहका नेपाली भाषा पाठ्यक्रमका सिकाइ उपलब्धिहरूको ब्लुमटेक्सोनोमीय वर्गीकरण तथा भाषिक सिप वितरणको सन्तुलन पहिचान गर्नमा केन्द्रित छ । यसलेखमा विद्यालयका आधारभूत र माध्यमिक तह (कक्षा छ, नौ, एघार) का नेपाली भाषा पाठ्यक्रमको उद्देश्यहरूलाई परिमार्जित ब्लुम टेक्सोनोमीमा आधारित छ ओटा चिन्तन तहका शैक्षणिक उद्देश्यहरूको वर्गीकरणका आधारमा उच्च अनुक्रम चिन्तन र निम्न अनुक्रम चिन्तनतहका दृष्टिले तथा भाषिक सिपगत वितरणका आधारमा वर्गीकरण विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक अध्ययन ढाँचाअन्तर्गत विषयवस्तु विश्लेषण (Content Analysis)  विधि अवलम्बन गरी गरिएको यस अध्ययनका मुख्य निष्कर्षहरूमा चिन्तन तहका दृष्टिले विद्यालय तहका पाठ्यक्रमका सिकाइ उपलब्धिहरू उच्च अनुक्रम भन्दा निम्न अनुक्रम चिन्तन तहमा बढी केन्द्रित रहेका अनि भाषिक सिप वितरण दृष्टिले उक्त पाठ्यक्रमका सिकाइ उपलब्धिहरू सन्तुलित रहेको देखिन्छ ।
Factors Affecting Employment in Non-Agricultural Individual Economic Establishments in Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Minh Hieu , Luong Thi Nhu , Nguyen Hoang Thanh Lam , Nguyen Thao Ly , Vu Ngoc Ly
Published: March 2023

This paper analyses factors affecting the participation of non-farm activities in 63 provinces and cities, since then making recommendations suitable to the characteristics of non-farm workers in Vietnam. The statistics are based on secondary data set by provinces in Vietnam for the period from 2016 to 2020 with a one-year interval to suit the context in Vietnam. Data on the independent variables (education, unemployment, income, and gender), the control variable (economic size, the area of agricultural land), and the dependent variable (the number of employees in non-agricultural economic establishments) are collected through statistical publications such as the Statistical Yearbooks, the annual Labor and Employment Survey reports, and government websites. The study applies quantitative research methods to describe the relationship and influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. In this research, we present an analysis of factors affecting the participation of employees in non-farm employment across 63 provinces in Vietnam, thereby making appropriate recommendations.
THERMODYNAMIC BASIS OF INTERACTION OF THERMAL MACHINES WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LOSSES OF THE FILLING PROCESS
Authors: Purtskhvanidze Giorgi , Lejava Mikheil , Shubladze Zaza , Nogaideli Giorgi
Published: March 2023

The principle of work of the thermal car assumes its interaction with environment according to thermodynamics laws. All real processes owing to a friction, heat exchange at a final difference of temperatures and limitation of time of their course are irreversible. As irreversibility measure entropy serves. The paper considers the peculiarities of the transformation of thermal energy, taking into account entropy. A theoretical analysis of the efficiency of work performance (exergy) is given. The equations of thermal and exergic balance of thermal engines are presented, taking into account the impact on the environment. The main parameters characterizing the loss of efficiency of the charge air during the period of filling the cylinder are determined and calculated: the filling factor and the loss of pump strokes. The calculated value of pumping losses allows, with sufficient for calculating the gas exchange of engines and especially for calculating the operation of pumping passages, to determine the amount of loss in the efficiency of air pre-compressed in the pressurization unit.
Altmetrics can capture research evidence: an analysis across types of studies in COVID-19 literature
Authors: Valderrama-Baca Pilar , Arroyo-Machado Wenceslao , Torres-Salinas Daniel
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 has greatly impacted science. It has become a global research front that constitutes a unique phenomenon of interest for the scientometric community. Accordingly, there has been a proliferation of descriptive studies on COVID-19 papers using altmetrics. Social media metrics serve to elucidate how research is shared and discussed, and one of the key points is to determine which factors are well-conditioned altmetric values. The main objective of this study is to analyze whether the altmetric mentions of COVID-19 medical studies are associated with the type of study and its level of evidence. Data were collected from the PubMed and Altmetric.com databases. A total of 16,672 publications by study types (e.g., case reports, clinical trials, or meta-analyses) that were published in the year 2021 and that had at least one altmetric mention were retrieved. The altmetric indicators considered were Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), news mentions, Twitter mentions, and Mendeley readers. Once the dataset of COVID-19 had been created, the first step was to carry out a descriptive study. Then, a normality hypothesis was evaluated by means of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and since this was significant in all cases, the overall comparison of groups was performed using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. When this test rejected the null hypothesis, pairwise comparisons were performed with the Mann–Whitney U test, and the intensity of the possible association was measured using Cramer’s V coefficient. The results suggest that the data do not fit a normal distribution. The Mann–Whitney U test revealed coincidences in five groups of study types: The altmetric indicator with most coincidences was news mentions, and the study types with the most coincidences were the systematic reviews together with the meta-analyses, which coincided with four altmetric indicators. Likewise, between the study types and the altmetric indicators, a weak but significant association was observed through the chi-square and Cramer’s V. It can thus be concluded that the positive association between altmetrics and study types in medicine could reflect the level of the “pyramid” of scientific evidence.
The Effect of the Use of the Flipped Learning Model in the Social Studies Course on the Students' Academic Success and Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: İŞÇİ Tuğçe Gamze , YAZICI Kubilay
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to test the effect of using the flipped learning model in social studies course on students' academic achievement and higher-order thinking skills, and to determine student views on this model. Explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed research methods, was used in the research. The study group of the research consisted of 30 students studying at the 7th grade in two secondary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the Bor District of Niğde Province in Turkey. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the academic achievement and higher-order thinking skill total scores of the students in the experimental group, in which the social studies course was conducted with the flipped learning model, were statistically significant and at a higher level compared to the students in the control group. The analysis of the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews also revealed the students learned the subjects better with this model and had positive thoughts about the model in the social studies course conducted with the flipped learning model.
Examination of the Relationship between University Students’ Perceptions Regarding the Chemistry Laboratory Environment and their Chemistry Laboratory Anxiety
Authors: BİLEN Duygu
Published: March 2023

This research examined the relationship between university students’ perceptions of the chemistry laboratory environment and their chemistry laboratory anxieties. The method of the study is correlational research. The study was conducted on 281 university students who enrolled in biology, physics, chemistry, and science teaching programs and took the chemistry laboratory course. The chemistry laboratory classroom environment scale and the chemistry laboratory anxiety scale were used to collect research data. The obtained data were analyzed via the structural equation model. The research results revealed that students’ perceptions of the chemistry laboratory environment were a significant predictor for their chemistry laboratory anxiety. Furthermore, it was determined that 13% of the variance in laboratory anxiety was explained by the perceptions of the laboratory environment.
Determination of Technology Pedagogy Content Knowledge Levels of Preservice Mathematics Teachers through Activities
Authors: BARAN BULUT Demet , GÜVELİ Ebru
Published: March 2023

It is one of the important qualifications of teachers to know contemporary instructional technologies and to use them in their lessons. However, the studies have concluded that teachers' use of technological tools and equipment is inadequate and their level of using materials is generally not at a desirable level. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the level of Technological Pedagogical content knowledge of preservice mathematics teachers in the context of technology-supported activities they prepared. The study was conducted with 13 preservice secondary school mathematics teachers studying at a state university. Preservice teachers were given a training lasting 8 weeks. After the training, they were asked to prepare technology-supported activities including concept cartoon (Powtoon, Canva), concept map (Bubbl.us, Luchidchart), interactive worksheet (Teachermade), gamification applications (Puzzlemaker, Wordwall, Matific, ClassDojo) and digital stories (Pixton, Powtoon, StoryboardThat, Storyjumper). The activities they prepared were analyzed by document analysis method with the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge [TPACK] rubric developed by Lyublinskaya and Tournaki (2012) and preservice teachers' TPACK levels were evaluated in terms of purpose knowledge, instructional knowledge, curriculum knowledge and strategy knowledge components. The study has revealed that preservice teachers were able to reach the highest level of discovery, curriculum knowledge was the most successful component and they showed the lowest success in the strategy knowledge component. In this context, we suggest that course content that includes such activity design tasks should be prepared and included in the teaching process for the development of preservice teachers' Technological Pedagogical content knowledge.
Teachers’ Opinions on Students’ Adaptation to School after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: BAKIRCI Hasan , URHAN Betül , BÜLBÜL Sinan , İLHAN Ramazan
Published: March 2023

Education-teaching activities have been affected by many natural or man-made factors from past to present and have been interrupted. The biggest of these interruptions was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in China and caused a deadly pneumonia, and education activities were interrupted all over the world and students started education with distance education systems. With the reduction of the effects of the disease, students returning to school faced various problems. It is important to determine what these problems are and to take measures to eliminate them. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the opinions of secondary school teachers about the adaptation of students to school after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the opinions of nine secondary school teachers from various branches were tried to be determined with semi-structured interview questions by using a case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. The reliability analyzes of the data obtained from the teacher interviews were carried out and the findings were presented in the form of codes and themes. The main problems that the teachers saw in the students after the pandemic were identified as incompatibility, slowness in reading, writing, and understanding, not obeying the classroom rules, lack of attention, and difficulties in establishing social interaction. Various suggestions were made according to the results obtained within the scope of the study.
The Effects of Positive/Negative Teachers’ Behaviors Related to Classroom Management on Pre-Service Science Teachers
Authors: COŞTU Fatma
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out to determine the behaviors of teachers about classroom management and the effects on their students, through experienced the real cases (or events, or stories) about classroom management written by the pre-service science teachers (PSTs). The stories about classroom management were collected using the documentation technique. The PSTs were asked to write down a real case that they encountered in the classroom environment in their earlier education phases and these collected cases were used as a data collection tool in the research. The study group was consisted of a totally 76 PSTs enrolled junior level in Science Education Department. The PSTs took the “classroom management” course and the presented real cases in the content of an assignment they prepared. The contents of the stories written by them were analyzed descriptively. As a result of the analyzes, it was found out that the classroom management events of the PSTs generally took place in the secondary and high school, in the mathematics course as the course type and in the strictly controlled classrooms as the classroom behavior environment. Also, it was determined that the classroom management events are generally caused by students and the reaction of teachers to these events is generally negative.
Teaching of Solid, Liquid and Gas Substances to Students with Intellectual Disabilities through Direct Instruction Method
Authors: ÇAPRAZ Cüneyt
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is determine the effectiveness and usefulness of direct instruction method in teaching certain “solid, liquid and gas” substances to students in a special education classroom in secondary school. The study was carried out through the case study that is one of the qualitative research methods. The teaching method used in order to test the efficiency of the study is the direct teaching method. Four students with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. One of the students was female (14 years old) while other students were male (15, 10, 10 years old). Three students had moderate disability and one had mild disability. In this study, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews and non-structured observations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the implementation teacher. Data obtained through interviews and observations in the study was analysed using qualitative data analysis approach and content analysis was performed on the data. Semi-structured interviews with the teacher were transcribed and analyzed. At the end of the study, it was found that three students learned all of the solid, liquid and gas substances that were taught to them and achieved permanent learning while one of the students learned solid, liquid and gas substances but did not achieve permanent learning for gas substances. Thus, it was concluded that direct instruction is an effective and useful method for teaching solid, liquid and gas substances to students with intellectual disabilities.
correspondência não-verbal e verbal na ciência
Authors: Guazi Taísa Scarpin , Verdu Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida , Cortez Mariéle de Cássia Diniz
Published: March 2023

Os tipos de fraude mais frequentemente observados no contexto científico envolvem a fabricação ou falsificação de dados e o plágio, práticas associadas ao comportamento verbal dos pesquisadores infratores. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e discutir alguns aspectos da honestidade e desonestidade científica em termos da literatura sobre correspondência entre fazer-dizer. Para tanto, evidências experimentais produzidas na área de correspondência verbal foram empregadas para interpretar alguns dados da literatura sobre fraude científica. De acordo com a análise, a fabricação ou falsificação de dados e plágio poderiam ser exemplos de tatos distorcidos, cujas ocorrências podem estar associadas, por exemplo, a práticas culturais que privilegiam a divulgação de resultados positivos ou que potencializam o valor reforçador de publicações científicas. Por outro lado, estratégias testadas experimentalmente na área de correspondência verbal, a exemplo do monitoramento e da checagem da acurácia do relato, podem contribuir para a honestidade no contexto científico.
Promove-Universitários:Efeitos de um programa em Terapia Analítico Comportamental
Authors: Moretto Laísa Aparecida , Bolsoni-Silva Alessandra Turini
Published: March 2023

A busca por evidências em Terapia Analítico Comportamental (TAC) é importante e urgente. No âmbito da universidade há grande demanda quanto a dificuldades acadêmicas, interpessoais e problemas psicológicos, havendo carência de estudos que tenham maior controle experimental. O presente estudo descreve efeitos de uma intervenção em TAC, denominada de Promove-Universitários, em delineamento de sujeito único de linha de base múltipla. Participaram cinco graduandos e o programa, de 11 semanas, foi aplicado por psicóloga treinada, sendo semi-estruturado, ajustado e adaptado à demanda dos participantes, o qual prevê formulação de caso e objetivos individuais que são alvo de intervenção. Os resultados indicaram, de maneira geral, maiores aquisições comportamentais e reduções de indicadores de problemas de saúde mental, após as intervenções e com manutenção após seis meses. Conclui-se que o Promove-Universitários atingiu seus objetivos e tem aplicabilidade para a prevenção e intervenção.
Efeito de Consequências Culturais sobre Culturantes no Jogo de Punição Altruísta com Crianças
Authors: Negrão Braga Bispo Maressa Priscila , Abreu Vasconcelos Laércia , Borges Cunha Mayana
Published: March 2023

Comportamentos cooperativos podem ser investigados a partir de sanções de terceiros. Assim, a punição altruísta ocorre quando um indivíduo escolhe sofrer um prejuízo para punir o comportamento desertor de outro. Esse estudo investigou se consequências culturais em arranjos de metacontingências no Jogo de Punição Altruísta selecionam diferentes padrões de comportamento do punidor. Participaram 20 crianças, entre nove e 11 anos, divididas em duplas. Foi programado um delineamento ABCBAC para todo o estudo. Na Condição A, não havia liberação de pontos. Na Condição B, os participantes ganhavam pontos ao punir distribuições iguais e não punir desiguais, e, na Condição C, ao punir distribuições desiguais e não punir iguais. Relatos verbais foram analisados. Os resultados mostraram controle das consequências culturais sobre os culturantes programados nas Condições B e C. Quanto aos relatos verbais, verificou-se a relação direta entre comunicação e cooperação entre os participantes da dupla.
Experimental comparison between intensive interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for overweight and obese people
Authors: Finger da Rosa Igor , Heinen Marina , Irigoyen de Freitas, Breno , Ariane Guedes Patricia , Dos Santos Alano Diego , Da Silva Oliveira Margareth
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), compared to an intervention based on Psychoeducation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on objective (weight and body mass index [BMI]) and self-reported measures (binge eating and psychological flexibility) in overweight or obese people. It’s a mixed 2x3 factorial design: Intervention (ACT x Psychoeducation/CBT) and Time (before, after, and five-month follow-up). Seventy-two people were randomly assigned to the groups. The ACT group presented differences in the development of cognitive defusion and food awareness – emotional response, as well as changing binge eating intensity. The other results, including a weight reduction close to 3%, did not show any significant differences between groups. The results indicate that ACT can be an auxiliary modality for the modification of the eating behavior function.
Síndrome de Tourette: Relato de caso à luz da análise do comportamento
Authors: Vatanabe Erica Piva , Fonseca Julia
Published: March 2023

A síndrome de Tourette é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento com bases neurológicas e emocionais importantes para a manifestação dos tiques. Este relato de caso objetiva descrever o atendimento psicoterápico analítico-comportamental infantil realizado em uma clínica-escola. Partindo da análise funcional dos comportamentos-problemas, utilizou-se técnicas de intervenção como a reversão de hábitos, o DRO, treino de habilidades sociais e treino parental. Contabilizamos os tiques de todas as sessões e dividimo-las em duas etapas: observação e intervenção, fazendo o quartil. Como resultados, vimos que a faixa mais baixa de tiques da primeira etapa é significativamente maior do que a segunda. Ademais, quando comparamos as faixas de valores mínimos e máximos das duas etapas, usando o teste Mann-Whitney, encontramos diferença significativa (p = 0,0105). Portanto, pode-se dizer que as intervenções realizadas tiveram um resultado satisfatório. Porém, são necessários estudos clínicos randomizados e longitudinais que verifiquem a eficácia do tratamento à médio e longo prazo.