bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION OF TWO PHASE MgLiAl ALLOY AFTER TCAP PRESSING
Authors: Dutkiewicz Jan Marek , Rusz Stanislav , Kuc Dariusz , Hilser Ondrej , Pałka Paweł , Boczkal Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

 In the edition: Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, Vol.
> 23, 2017, No. 3, p. 215-221 in the acknowledgements it was such statement
> "financial support of the OPUS research project No. 2014/15/B/ST8/03184 is
> gratefully acknowledged." I did not put financed by NCN National Science
> Centre.Is it possible to make erratum, because they do not want to include
> this publication in my grant report.
> I would be very grateful for this correction and I am sorry to bother you
> with my mistake.
> With best regards
> Jan Dutkiewicz
Justicia, (des)orden y grupos al margen de la ley: Miradas cruzadas sobre Brasil, México y Colombia
Authors: Olasolo Hector , Lair Éric , Carcano Lucia
Published: October 2018

Las acciones de los grupos armados organizados en América Latina no se limitan ala realización de crímenes trasnacionales, sino que, con cierto grado de aceptación,estos grupos imponen una justicia comunitaria coercitiva, de carácter vertical dentrode las comunidades en las que operan. Así, se estudian los casos de Brasil, México yColombia para mostrar cómo esta situación, lejos de ser la excepción, se ha vueltola norma en el continente latinoamericano.
Doutrina da Proteção Integral e o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes
Authors: Chaves Eduardo , Costa Liana Fortunato
Published: October 2018

Este estudo tem como objeto analisar a ação dos operadores do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual em relação à Doutrina da Proteção Integral, tal como surge no processo judicial. Foram realizados estudo de caso instrumental e análise documental com o intuito de conhecer os procedimentos técnicos do processo, assim como a percepção dos operadores do direito em relação à família e ao autor da violência atendidos pela Justiça. Foi constatado que a atuação do judiciário se pauta na garantia estrita do pilar de defesa dos direitos da infância, dentro do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos, mas se configura como pouco disponível ao diálogo com a sociedade no que tange à convergência de suas ações às reais e concretas necessidades dos sujeitos, o que demanda uma maior compreensão e convergencia aos pilares da promoção/prevenção e controle social para que se possa observar a Doutrina da Proteção Integral e a Prioridade Absoluta da infância efetivamente instaurada nos processos de Justiça.Palavras-chave: doutrina da proteção integral, psicologia jurídica, direito da criança e do adolescente, estatuto da criança e do adolescente.
La rappresentazione del costrutto “scienza” nei manuali diagnostici. Una ricerca esplorativa sull’uso del termine scientifico nell’icd-10, nel dsm-5 e nel pdm
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Neri Jessica , Faccio Elena
Published: October 2018

Ogni disciplina e approccio teorico si caratterizzano per la ricerca di un definito grado di scientificità che li possa legittimare. Nella comprensione dei fenomeni psicologici e nel campo  terogeneo della psicologia clinica si possono trovare espressioni linguistiche e criteri legati alla scienza differenti tra loro, con altrettante ricadute pragmatiche. In questa ricerca si sono esplorati i significati legati all’uso del termine “scientifico” in alcuni manuali diagnostici: icd-10, dsm-5 e pdm. Il método usato è stato quello della rappresentazione perspicua, ovvero un sistema di analisi linguistica volta a individuare alcune unità simboliche presenti nei manuali. I risultati hanno  onsentito di sottolineare i significati legati ai diversi modi di intendere la scientificità e di avanzare  lcune proposte operative. In conclusione, si può mettere in evidenza come l’uso del costrutto “scienza” e le espressioni linguistiche ad esso collegate sia molto differente nei tre manuali indagati e fa riferimento a campi di significato molto differenti l’uno dalle altre. Si evidenzia infine l’importanza di fondare il costrutto “scienza” in funzione dei propri specifici riferimenti concettuali.Parole chiave: linguaggio, diagnosi, epistemología, rappresentazione perspicua.
Significados y contribuciones de las prácticas profesionales a la formación de pregrado en psicología
Authors: Echeverri Gallo Catalina
Published: October 2018

La psicología ha logrado hacer presencia en la sociedad colombiana en diferentes escenarios con el incremento visible del número de instituciones de educación superior que ofrecen esta formación y de estudiantes que eligen la psicología para desempeñarse laboralmente. Esta investigación buscó comprender los significados que construyeron algunos estudiantes del pregrado en psicología de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) alrededor de sus prácticas profesionales. Desde un diseño cualitativo, se utilizó el método de investigación documental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 335 proyectos elaborados por los estudiantes al inicio de sus prácticas profesionales y 269 informes realizados al finalizarlas. Los resultados indican  que las prácticas profesionales son las experiencias formativas más significativas de los estudiantes durante su trayectoria académica, al permitirles adquirir aprendizajes por fuera del aula, articular las teorías con las dinámicas del entorno, y acercarlos al quehacer del psicólogo para la apropiación de su identidad profesional y la posterior inserción laboral. Así, las prácticas profesionales se constituyen en un proceso clave para la formación ética e idónea del psicólogo en la actualidad.Palabras clave: práctica profesional, psicología, formación profesional superior, educación superior.
Funções executivas, habilidades sociais e comportamento distributivo na infância
Authors: Renata Renata Mascarenhas Aleixo Reis , Rodrigues Sampaio Leonardo
Published: October 2018

Vários estudos têm analisado a associação entre funções cognitivas com comportamentos emitidos na interação social. O presente estudo testou a existência de associações entre funções executivas —fe—, habilidades sociais —hs— e comportamento distributivo —cd— na infância, além dos efeitos da idade e do sexo sobre estas variáveis. Participaram do estudo 79 crianças (44.3 % meninos) com desenvolvimento típico, entre sete e doze anos de idade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Sistema Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais de Crianças, a Torre de Hanói, uma tarefa do tipo Stroop e um jogo ditatorial, com adesivos como bens a serem distribuídos. Constatou-se que as crianças mais velhas tiveram melhor desempenho na tarefa de fe, maior frequência de comportamentos socialmente habilidosos e doaram mais adesivos do que as mais novas. Não foram observadas associações entre as fe, hs e o cd, apesar da flexibilidade cognitiva e comportamentos habilidosos terem se correlacionado significativamente. Sugere-se que a flexibilidade cognitiva contribua para o engajamento em comportamentos habilidosos, por permitir aos indivíduos o uso de estratégias de planejamento alternativas para manejo adequado de situações sociais e a mediação de conflitos.Palavras-chave: comportamento socialmente habilidoso, partilha, funcionamento executivo, comportamento pró-social.
O projeto Vigotskiano para uma psicologia científica: anotações sobre “O Significado Histórico da Crise da Psicologia”
Authors: Moura da Costa Eduardo , Batista Martins João
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o desdobramento de algumas das principais formulações sobre o método da psicologia desenvolvidas por Vigotski no seu manuscrito “O significado histórico da crise da psicologia”, concluído em 1927 e publicado pela primeira vez em 1982. A partir da seleção e leitura de  alguns textos escritos após o manuscrito, empreendemos uma análise comparativa para demonstrar que, a pesar  do manuscrito não ter sido preparado para publicação, várias de suas ideias essenciais estão contidas na produção subsequente. Seu rognóstico para a crise da psicologia vem da adoção da concepção materialista da realidade e do  étodo analítico de cognição dos fatos. Apresentamos sua visão materialista dos fenómenos sicológicos, bem como as bases do método analítico e não descritivo desses fenômenos. Apontamos que o “método genético-experimental” é a base para suas pesquisas futuras. Por fim, pontuamos que sua obra deve ser lida historicamente, isto é, muitos principios fundamentais apresentados no manuscrito já estavam presentes em pesquisas anteriores.Palavras-chave: Vigotski, crise da psicologia, método da psicologia
Sterilization Effect on Black- and White Pepper by Intense Pulsed Light with Tubular-shaped Treatment Chamber
Authors: Park Jihyun , Lee Gwangmin , Kim Jin Won , Lee Gyeong Mi , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: October 2018

In this study, the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment in a tube-shaped treatment chamber on microbial inactivation in powdered pepper was investigated. Untreated samples showed a degree of contamination of 2.0-4.0×106 CFU/g total aerobic bacteria, and 3.0-5.0×105 CFU/g Bacillus cereus. The microorganisms found in powdered pepper decreased with exposure to increasing light intensity, pulse number and treatment time. At 1,000 V, the total aerobic bacteria in powdered black pepper was reduced by 0.55 log, and in and powdered white pepper by 0.6 log cycle, and B. cereus was reduced 0.7 log in black pepper and 0.6 log cycle in white pepper. The microbial inactivation rate increased with the increase in the distance between the light source and the treatment chamber during IPL treatment. The sterilization rate of powdered pepper using IPL was 40-80%, indicating that the IPL sterilization method may find potential applications for powder foods.
Process Optimization of Solid-phase Fermentation of Cordyceps militaris with Germinated Soybean Using Lactobacillus plantarum KCB001
Authors: Cho Hee Soo , Lee Sulhee , Park Young-Seo
Published: October 2018

For the fermentation of Cordyceps militaris with germinated soybean, Lactobacillus plantarum KCB001, which showed good growth on the medium containing the mushroom and soybean, was isolated from kimchi and selected as a starter for the fermentation. The optimum conditions for the solid-phase fermentation of C. militaris with germinated soybean were a ratio of 4:1, the addition of water and starter culture at the final concentrations of 40%(v/v) and 20%(v/w), respectively, and fermentation at 37°C for 72 h. Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were increased by fermentation and, especially, cordycepin content increased by 24%, which implies the enhanced functional property of the fermentation product.
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation of the Stem Bark Aqueous Extract of Harungana Madagascariensis in Rodents
Authors: Lemba Tom Esther Ngo , Nyunaї Nyemb , Djaouro Kouem Gbaangne , Mba Medou Fabrice , Nankia Florette Diane , Dimo Théophile
Published: October 2018

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of a stem bark aqueous extract of Harunganamadagascariensis Lam. (Hypericaceae) by determining its potential toxicity after acute and subacute administration in rodents. Acute toxicity tests were carried out in mice and the behavior, death and median lethal dose (LD50) were estimated. Subacute toxicity (28 days) studies were conducted in rats with oral daily doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg. Parameters observed at the end of the subacute tests included changes in body and vital organ weights, mortality, hematological, biochemical, hepatic and kidney effects. Harunganamadagascariensisextract did not produce any visible toxicity or mortality with oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg within 14 days of single treatment, leading to the conclusion that the LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity tests, neither mortality nor visible signs of lethality was seen in rats. No significant change in the weight of the kidney, liver, heart, lungs spleen, pancreas and testicles was observed. Alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly in males at 400 and 600 mg/kg, whereas Aspartate transaminase (AST) decreased at 600 mg/kg in female rats. HDL Cholesterol was reduced at 600 mg/kg in female rats. There was a significant increase in urea concentration in female rats at 400 mg/kg. A significant decrease, both in platelet volume distribution (PVD) at 400 mg/kg in male rats and in red cell volume distribution (RDW) at 200 mg/kg were recorded in female rats respectively, but with no changes in other hematologic parameters. Histological study shows normal structure of liver, kidneys and heart of control and treated rats. Results indicate that oral doses of aqueous stem bark of Harunganamadagascariensis are relatively safe in rats; however, assessment of hepatobiliary function should be done during chronic use in humans.
PEMODELAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI PROVINSI BANTEN MENGGUNAKAN MIXED GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION
Authors: Yasin Hasbi , Warsito Budi , Hakim Arief Rachman
Published: October 2018

Economic growth can be measured by amount of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Based on official news of statistics BPS, Economic growth in Banten region has increase up to 5.59%. It supported by several sector, there are agriculture, business, industry and from various fields. Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) methods have been developed based on linear regression by giving spatial effect or location (longitude and latitude), the resulting model from Economic growth in Banten will be local or different based on each location. MGWR mixed method between linear regression and GWR, parameters in linear regression are global and GWR parameters are local. The results more specific because economic growth in Banten region assessed by location.Keywords: Banten, Economic growth, MGWR.
Iodine Deficiency and Goiter Prevalence of the Adult Population in Erzurum
Authors: Akarsu Ersin , Akçay Güngör , Çapoğlu Ilyas , Ünüvar Necdet
Published: October 2018

It is believed that total goiter prevalence in Turkey is as high as 30.5%. The iodine deficiency is the distinct etiologic factor in the development of goiter. The aim of this study was to determine goiter prevalence and iodine deficiency in adults living in Erzurum (1659 m above sea level) for at least 10 year. The study involved 340 people (192 females, 148 males). The median age was 38.5 year (ranging from 20 to 76 years). Ultrasound-measured thyroid volume (TV) for men (TV > 25 ml) and for women (TV > 18 ml) was considered goiter indicator. By this evaluation, goiter was diagnosed in 94 (27.6 %) cases, whereas the goiter prevalence, based on the palpation method, was 5.6%. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by ammonium persulfate method. UIC in subjects with goiter was significantly lower than that of the others (median values 5.0 vs 7.8 μg/dl, p < 0.0001). While the value of UIC ≥ 10 μg/dl (no. 121, 36.6%) was accepted normal, the extent of iodine deficiency in other subjects was classified as severe (UIC < 2.0 μg/dl, no.53, 15.6%), moderate (UIC = 2.0–4.9 μg/dl, no.75, 22%) and mild (UIC = 5.0–9.9 μg/dl, no.91, 26.8%). TV values were found to be significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.05). TV values were significantly correlated with body surface area and UIC (r = 0.15 and r = -0.16, respectively, p < 0.005). Also, the prevalence of thyroid nodules was estimated as 2.1% by palpation and 18% by ultrasonography. We conclude that goiter originating from iodine deficiency has been an important health problem in Erzurum. Besides taking measures at national level, local factors and risks which interfere with the nationwide efforts should also be dealt with for the eradication of the iodine deficiency problem. In the region, periodical evaluation of iodine level and iodine related disorders will guide the measures to be taken for the well being of people’s general health.
Could a Man Be Affected with Carcinoma of Cervix? – The First Case of Cervical Carcinoma in Trans-Sexual Person (FtM) – Case Report
Authors: Driák Daniel , Šamudovský Michal
Published: October 2018

The article presents an unique case of trans-sexual person (FtM) with histological finding of pre-invasive cervical carcinoma after performed hysterectomy.
Effects of soil early-spring temperature on the morphometric parameters of mitochondria in Galanthus nivalis L. leaves
Authors: Fediuk O M , Bilyavska N O , Zolotareva E K
Published: October 2018

In the natural conditions early-spring period development of Galanthus nivalis L., the leaves germination from bulbs was carried out in the soil surface layer, mainly, covered with snow, so the leaves were exposed to low soil temperatures. It was found, that at the leaf germination stage, when exposed to minus soil temperature, the mitochondria were predominantly elongated, that is, functionally active. Under the influence of positive temperature, the mitochondria form changed to a round one, which indicates their transition to low functional activity. A similar tendency was manifested even during the budding stage, in particular, when the soil temperature was lowered to an average of –3.47 °C, the mitochondria changed their form to an elongated one, that is, they passed into an active functional state. Wherein, the temperature of the leaves was higher by 3.84 °C compared to the soil. At the stages of germination and budding of G. nivalis under natural conditions, a direct correlation was found between the soil surface layer temperature and the leaves temperature, and at the flowering stage this relation was reverse. During the flowering stage, despite the influence of predominantly positive soil temperatures, leaves growth was significantly slowed, and their temperature was only slightly higher by 0.38 °C compared to the soil. At the same time, the mitochondria changed their shape to a round one. Thus, the increase in their long axis at different stages in spring development, are aimed at adapting to influence low temperatures of the soil surface layer.
The role of Garo tribes of Meghalaya (India) in the conservation and management of medicinal plants diversity used in treating livestock diseases
Authors: Sangma Dingsmit B , TN Manohara
Published: October 2018

The Garo tribe of Meghalaya, India have rich local health traditions and large numbers of traditional healers have been practicing herbal medicines for many years. The present study aims at quantifying the plant species used for ethno-veterinary purposes and to identify their conservation status. Out of 90 informants 22 were traditional healers and 68 were farmers. A total of 75 ethnoveterinary medicinal plant species belonging to 71 genera and 49 families were documented and identified for treating 24 different livestock ailment. Most of the medicinal plants (83%) were collected from the wild and leaves were the most frequently used (58%) parts for formulation of drugs; oral application is most frequently employed (56%), followed by the dermal application which accounts for 31%. The medicinal plants collected are mostly trees (31%), followed by herbs (25%). The study indicates that some species are rare or endangered and their use is therefore unsustainable. The strategies for effective conservation of endangered medicinal plant are discussed here.
Witalizm kobiecy. Mapa problemów, sieć tradycji
Authors: Legeżyńska Anna
Published: October 2018

Vitalism is a vague and ambiguous philosophical notion which researchers try to apply to describe modernist literature, especially from the period of the Young Poland. The author of the article suggests that vitalism should be approached as an interpretive category. She examines whether it is possible to distinguish feminine vitalism and conducts an analysis of selected types of literature (H. Poświatowska, A. Świrszczyńska, W. Szymborska, A. Szymańska, U. Kozioł, M. B. Kielar). The analysis shows that modernist feminine vitalism in the poetry of the second half of the 20th century encompasses various types of affirmations: of nature, corporeality and existence. In late modernity it transforms into post-vitalism, which signifies new understanding of life and the reduction of the anthropocentric perspective, both determined by new discoveries of science.
Anna Zelenay. Twarz poetki
Authors: Maliszewski Karol
Published: October 2018

The article presents the life and work of Anna Zelenay, a forgotten poetess from Kłodzko. The author shows the impact of her disease on awareness and shape of her poems written often in hospitals and sanatoriums. He discusses the critics on her poetry and the poetess’s place in her own time and generation. The author indicates that the existence of Zelenay on the literary scene is related to the activities of Literary Club of Kłodzko, and bigger promotion of her work is caused with her active participation in a very important literary event of the sixties, in Poetic Springs of Kłodzko.
„Zataję siebie w kropce tego wiersza” – językowe precjoza w poezji Urszuli Kozioł
Authors: Skibski Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

The article concerns textual phenomena in the poetry of Urszula Kozioł, which constitute a part of a linguistic method for examining relations between elements of poetic language. The examples discussed concern free verse – they reveal elaborate structures and linguistic processes focused on syntactic condensation, poetic accommodation, elliptic verse or phraseological trace. In the poetry of Kozioł, especially phraseology is original, which makes the receptive perspective adopted at describing linguistic phenomena representative of complicated formal-semantic processes. The draft is an attempt to read the Poet’s texts with the use of linguistic tools, so it not only gives a complete picture of an individualised poet but helps to point out peculiarities, the examination of which requires a reflection on language perception in poetic structures.
Rytmy czasu, meandry pamięci. O poezji Bogusławy Latawiec
Authors: Rygielska Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with the problems of time and temporality in the poetry of Bogusława Latawiec ranging from one of her first volumes of poetry (Przestrzenie  [Spaces ], 1975) to the recently released Zmowy  [Collusions] (2015). The passage of time, various ways of perceiving and sensing it are the overarching themes of her oeuvre (both prose and poetry). Her poetry, characterized by a remarkable linguistic discipline, a skillful use of formal devices and a close connection between the images and the sonic layer of her poems, highlights the importance of linking the experience of time and its passage with the issues of subjectivity and identity. Personal time converges here with historical, physical and mechanical time. It gains a material dimension: it becomes measurable and even tangible. This is noticeable in the poet’s latest minor volumes: Gdyby czas był ziemią  [If time was the Earth ] (2011) and in Zmowy  [Collusions ] (2015).
Istnienia równoległe? Człowiek i rzeczy w poezji Bogusławy Latawiec
Authors: Trzcińska Angelika
Published: October 2018

The article elaborates on the place and status of items and the relationship that occurs between human and thing in Bogusława’s Latawiec poetry. The author made an attempt to capture the way in which this issue has evolved in Latawiec’s poetic works – from her first book to the last collection of poems. At the same time poetry has been confronted them with selected theoretical approaches.
Świrszczyńska (za)poznana? Feministyczne odkrywanie poetki
Authors: Biedrowska Adriana
Published: October 2018

This paper encourages to renew a reflection on poetry of Anna Świrszczyńska – a well-known but also unknown author. It discusses the subject of motherhood in this poetry (pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium) and shows, how relevant Świrszczyńska’s works still are. Her poetry is nowadays continued not only by others women writers and poets, but also – or maybe: first of all – by feminist opinion journalism.
El humor en la comunicación política: la Constitución Española en la columna “escenas políticas” de Campmany
Authors: García González Aurora , Lagos Area Sarai , Román Portas Mª Lourdes
Published: October 2018

El trabajo estudia los artículos publicados en la columna “Escenas políticas”, durante los tres meses que concluyeron en la ratificación de la democracia en España por medio de la nueva Constitución. El humor desde el columnismo de Jaime Campmany permite advertir el ámbito de libertad en el que consiguió escribir Este trabajo plantea el estudio de un tipo de periodismo que se abrió paso en los difíciles años de la transición política y que permitió introducir determinados temas desde el prisma del humor. Los estudios de comunicación sobre el humor ilustran el complejo papel que juega en la formación de percepciones. La habilidad para usar y reconocer el humor no es trivial, sino que puede explicar el éxito en un grupo o en diferentes contextos sociales. Los años transcurridos entre la muerte de Franco y el advenimiento del socialismo en España estuvieron jalonados por la aprobación de la Ley de Reforma Política, la Constitución de 1978 y sucesivos procesos electorales. Con una metodología de análisis descriptivo ha sido posible establecer que Campmany abordó en su columna política los asuntos públicos de la nación, en concreto la aprobación del texto constitucional, desde una posición conservadora y con un gran sentido del humor.
Construcciones y transgresiones de la música en las series de ambientación histórica
Authors: Piñeiro Otero Teresa
Published: October 2018

La música desarrolla un papel esencial en la experiencia de visionado del espectador. Aunque en el relato audiovisual la imagen es el foco consciente de la atención, la música aporta una serie de efectos, sensaciones o significaciones que aportan valor a la narración y se proyectan como parte del discurso visual. Dentro de las funciones de la música audiovisual destaca la de crear atmósferas convincentes de tiempo lugar. Esta función de “color local” adquiere particular relevancia en las series de época debido a su posibilidad de dotar de realismo a su ambientación. En un momento en que las producciones televisivas han incrementado su calidad técnica y artística la selección/creación y empleo de la música ha adquirido una especial proyección en la construcción del relato audiovisual. En este sentido el objeto del presente trabajo ha sido el de efectuar una aproximación al uso de la música en las series de época, especialmente en lo que se refiere a los temas preexistentes. Una aproximación que ha permitido señalar diversas tendencias en la concepción del scoring atendiendo a su fidelidad.
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Congenital hypothyroidism: update and perspectives
Authors: Peters C , van Trotsenburg A S P , Schoenmakers N
Published: October 2018

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be primary, due to a defect affecting the thyroid gland itself, or central, due to impaired thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-mediated stimulation of the thyroid gland as a result of hypothalamic or pituitary pathology. Primary CH is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, traditionally subdivided into thyroid dysgenesis (TD), referring to a spectrum of thyroid developmental abnormalities, and dyshormonogenesis, where a defective molecular pathway for thyroid hormonogenesis results in failure of hormone production by a structurally intact gland. Delayed treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism may result in profound neurodevelopmental delay; therefore, CH is screened for in developed countries to facilitate prompt diagnosis. Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is a rarer entity which may occur in isolation, or (more frequently) in association with additional pituitary hormone deficits. CCH is most commonly defined biochemically by failure of appropriate TSH elevation despite subnormal thyroid hormone levels and will therefore evade diagnosis in primary, TSH-based CH-screening programmes. This review will discuss recent genetic aetiological advances in CH and summarize epidemiological data and clinical diagnostic challenges, focussing on primary CH and isolated CCH.
GnRH analog is ineffective in increasing adult height in girls with puberty onset after 7 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Franzini I A , Yamamoto F M , Bolfi F , Antonini S R , Nunes-Nogueira V S
Published: October 2018

Objective

We assessed the effectiveness of puberty blockade with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog in increasing adult height (AH) in girls with puberty onset between 7 and 10 years of age.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and included controlled studies in which girls with early puberty (EP) were assigned to the GnRH analog or no treatment groups. The primary outcome analyzed was AH. Search strategies were applied to the MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and CENTRAL databases.

Results

We identified 1514 references, and six studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Two studies were randomized and four were not randomized. At the baseline of each trial, height, chronological age, bone age, predicted AH (PAH) and target height (TH) were equal between the groups. All studies used intramuscular triptorelin every 28 days in the intervention groups. The mean duration of the therapy was 2 years. Meta-analysis of AH among the six studies (comprising 332 girls) showed no significant difference between the groups (mean difference = 0.50 cm, 95% confidence interval = −0.72 to 1.73 cm, I
2 = 0%). In a sub-group analysis based on PAH (<155 cm and <TH; 155 cm and equal to TH), there was no difference in average AH between the groups. The quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was low.

Conclusion

We found no evidence from controlled experimental and observational studies that compared with no treatment, the use of GnRH analogs improved AH in girls with EP.
Planned Concomitant Left and Right Ventricular Assist Device Insertion to Avoid Long-term Biventricular Mechanical Support: Bridge to Right Ventricular Recovery
Authors: Salna Michael , Shudo Yasuhiro , Teuteberg Jeffrey J , Banerjee Dipanjan , Ha Richard V. , Woo Y. Joseph , Hiesinger William
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The planned use of a temporary right ventricular assist device (RVAD) at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation may prevent the need for a permanent biventricular assist device (BiVAD). Herein we describe our RVAD weaning protocol that was effectively employed in 4 patients to prevent the need for permanent BiVAD.

Methods: Four patients in refractory cardiogenic shock underwent planned RVAD insertion during LVAD implantation due to severely depressed right ventricular function with dilation preoperatively. A standardized RVAD weaning protocol was employed in these 4 patients in preparation for decannulation.

Results: Temporary RVADs were successfully placed in all 4 patients at the time of LVAD implantation. All patients survived to RVAD decannulation and discharge and were alive at the time of most recent follow-up (range, 528-742 days post–RVAD decannulation).

Conclusion: Planned implantation of a temporary RVAD in high risk patients may avoid the need for biventricular mechanical support in the future.
Comparison of Continuous and Interrupted Suturing Techniques in Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Authors: Sen Onur , Kadirogullari Ersin , Aydin Unal , Guler Salih , Haydin Sertaç
Published: October 2018

Background: Our goal is to evaluate postoperative outcomes of continuous versus interrupted suturing techniques in ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure surgery.

Methods: The study included 286 patients with isolated VSD who underwent VSD closure surgery between June 2010 and April 2017. VSD closure was performed by using the interrupted suturing technique in group 1 (n = 74, 25.9%) and the continuous suturing technique in group 2 (n = 212, 74.1%). The groups were compared in terms of mortality and rates of clinical morbidities such as infection and complete atrioventricular (AV) block.

Results: Early mortality occurred in 3 cases in group 1 (4.0%) and 5 cases in group 2 (2.3%). There was no late mortality in either group. One patient from both groups required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at postoperative 48 hours. Five patients in group 1 (6.8%) and 11 patients in group 2 (5.2%) developed complete AV block postoperatively and received permanent pacemaker implants.

Conclusion: Complication rates were similar between the patient groups operated on by using continuous and interrupted suturing techniques in our study, suggesting that neither technique is superior for VSD closure surgery.
Los límites y las consecuencias reales del discurso jurídico de la autonomía privada de la voluntad en el individuo
Authors: Vargas Bernal Angélica
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo surge del proyecto de investigación titulado “Las implicaciones del discurso jurídico en el individuo”, adscrito al Semillero Nacional en Hermenéutica y Argumentación Jurídica de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede Medellín, Colombia. Este proyecto propone analizar la necesidad que ha tenido la humanidad de crear normas jurídicas que regulen las relaciones contractuales entre los individuos sociales y la manera como estas han logrado determinar y orientar el actuar del hombre, puesto que han sido aceptadas o acogidas por las sociedades humanas a través de un pacto o contrato social y a la generación de un pensamiento de masas con el fin de encontrar la paz social y hallar un equilibrio de poderes, tanto entre las relaciones con el Estado, como entre los individuos. Es importante mencionar que el individuo está condicionado en su obrar, no solo por la consciencia de la norma que dicta su modelo de acción, sino también por los contenidos de su inconsciente. Es por ello que se hace necesario plantear la relación entre la norma y el comportamiento social de los hombres, que se manifiesta a través de las transacciones humanas producto de la expresión de la autonomía de la voluntad privada de las partes.
Deficiencias normativas que se presentan en las audiencias de incumplimiento celebradas por la Gobernación de Boyacá, durante el período comprendido entre la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1474 de 2011 y el año 2016
Authors: Blanco Leguizamon Ricardo , Gómez Rutua Milton
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo de investigación expone la naturaleza y el marco jurídico de las audiencias de incumplimiento, así como los tipos de sanciones derivados de dichas audiencias. Posteriormente analiza las audiencias de incumplimiento celebradas por la Gobernación de Boyacá, entidad que cuenta con un sistema integrado de gestión el cual implementa y hace seguimiento a los procedimientos administrativos contractuales, mediante formatos propuestos por la Dirección de Contratación. Estos formatos fueron comparados con los lineamientos en materia sancionatoria y procedimental establecidos y regulados en la Ley 80 de 1993 y en la Ley 1474 de 2011, así como en la jurisprudencia contencioso administrativa, entre otras, para identificar las posibles deficiencias normativas en las que puede incurrir la Gobernación de Boyacá al iniciar los procedimientos sancionatorios El desarrollo del presente artículo pretende dar respuesta al siguiente problema de investigación: Deficiencias normativas que se presentan en las audiencias de incumplimiento celebradas por la Gobernación de Boyacá, durante el período comprendido entre la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1474 de 2011 y el año 2016. Para lo cual se dividirá el presente artículo en tres partes: la primera en la que se analiza el contexto y marco jurídico de las audiencias de incumplimiento, desde su naturaleza, sus antecedentes en el derecho administrativo colombiano y su evolución hasta nuestros días, así como las clases de sanciones que de este tipo de procedimiento se derivan. En la segunda parte, trataremos las deficiencias procedimentales y jurídicas que se han presentado en las audiencias de incumplimiento celebradas por la Gobernación de Boyacá en el quinquenio comprendido entre 2011 y 2016; para culminar en la tercera parte del artículo con una serie de recomendaciones y sugerencias que, a nuestro modo de ver, permitirán hacer más efectivas las audiencias de incumplimiento celebradas por la Gobernación sin poner en riesgo los derechos que el contratista, como colaborador de la administración, tiene y permitiendo que con ellas se materialice de manera efectiva la finalidad que el legislador buscó con su institucionalización.
Resultados, aportes e impactos tras ocho años del desarrollo de proyectos forestales por parte del INISEFOR en la zona sur de Costa Rica
Authors: Barquero Elizondo Ana Isabel , Ávila Arias Carlos Enrique , Murillo Cruz Rafael
Published: October 2018

El trabajo realizado por el Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales (INISEFOR) de la Universidad Nacional (UNA) en varios cantones de la Zona Sur de Costa Rica muestra cómo los resultados de la investigación, combinados con la docencia y la producción, se constituyen en la base para un proceso de extensión universitaria de largo plazo. Se recabó datos sobre las actividades productivas relacionadas con el agro y sobre la cadena de valor forestal, compuesta por varios eslabones en los cuales se integran más de ciento cincuenta actores directos, en los cantones de Osa y Golfito. Debido a la necesidad de proveer a los productores de materiales genéticos adecuados, se estableció un vivero de reproducción vegetativa y plantaciones clonales piloto, las cuales además de servir de campos demostrativos para los finqueros, cumplen una importante función docente en la formación de los profesionales forestales de la UNA. Debido a las características propias de la actividad forestal, la extensión universitaria en este campo requiere de un abordaje interdisciplinario y debe ser programada a largo plazo, pues los árboles necesitan de un período mayor de tiempo para su crecimiento y posterior cosecha y los pobladores involucrados necesitan complementariedad con otras actividades productivas, a fin de lograr un verdadero impacto positivo en sus condiciones de vida.
La extensión y su vínculo con la docencia: Una visión integral
Authors: Bermúdez Elizondo Melvin , Borbón Sandí Carlos Ronald
Published: October 2018

La gran diferencia entre la educación superior privada y la pública, radica no solamente en su coste, sino más bien en la formación integral y humanista que caracteriza a la educación pública estatal, no obstante, este discurso parece desgastado para enfrentar las críticas de algunos miembros de la clase política de este país, que han visto en la educación pública un gasto en lugar de una inversión. Para la próxima década, la universidad debe proyectarse a la sociedad civil, en este sentido los proyectos de extensión universitaria han de ser la principal herramienta para lograr tal proyección. Pero, además la vinculación de la docencia y la extensión universitaria podrá retroalimentar los currículos de las carreras, fortaleciendo con ello la formación profesional de los estudiantes. En el pasado la extensión se concebía como un fin en sí mismo, con poca articulación con la docencia, puesto que los productos finales estaban orientados más hacia la sociedad civil que a nivel interno. La vinculación entre la extensión y la docencia es y debería ser un proceso de articulación en los proyectos de extensión. La experiencia atesorada con el proyecto de extensión desarrollado en la Sede Regional Brunca en los años 2015-2016 ha contribuido para ejemplificar el vínculo entre estas dos áreas del quehacer sustantivo de la universidad.
¿Qué hacemos con el miedo? Diálogos entre estudiantes y mujeres en el barrio. Experiencias en San Juan de Pavas, San José
Authors: Paniagua Arguedas Laura , Mora Valverde Heiner
Published: October 2018

ResumenEl artículo presenta reflexiones provenientes de la investigación - acción vinculada al trabajo con comunidades en zonas que enfrentan empobrecimiento. En éste, se elaboran consideraciones a partir de la experiencia pedagógica con estudiantes de Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU) en intercambio con la comunidad de Finca San Juan en Pavas, San José. Por medio de talleres, esculturas humanas y el diálogo entre las mujeres de la comunidad y las estudiantes, se elabora un análisis sobre el miedo cotidiano para tratar de entender su origen, manifestaciones, experiencias vinculadas y qué se puede hacer con él. El artículo aporta un análisis de los aprendizajes de este grupo e incorpora discusiones surgidas en el marco de un foro universitario, que permite presentar la discusión sobre el papel de la acción social universitaria en las comunidades. El análisis concluye que el miedo debe ser entendido en las relaciones sociales pues tiene un papel importante en las subjetividades y marca la formación de lazos sociales de las personas en el barrio. Además, de que el fortalecimiento de la relación entre las comunidades y la universidad propicia las mejores condiciones de trabajo para vecinos y estudiantes.Palabras clave: Lazo social; Comunidad; Investigación participativa; Aprendizaje activo; Acción comunitaria; Miedo What do we do with fear? Dialogues between students and women in the neighborhood. Experiences in San Juan, Pavas, San José.   AbstractThe article reflects on the - action research linked to the work with communities that face impoverishment. Some arguments are presented based on the teaching experience of students from the university communal work in exchange with the Finca San Juan’s community in Pavas, San José. Through workshops, human sculptures and the dialogue between women and students from this community, fear is analyzed in order to understand its origins, manifestations, related experiences, and possible solutions. This article evaluates this group experiences and concludes that fear must be studied within social relationships since it has an important role in the neighborhood’s social ties and festivities.Key Words: Social Ties; Community; Participatory Research; Active Learning; Community Action; Fear.  Acerca del proceso editorial y sus publicaciones la revista Reflexiones utiliza la licencia Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Experiencias de resistencia juvenil frente a la opresión hacia las sexualidades disidentes en San Ramón de Alajuela
Authors: Muñoz Amores Adriana Patricia , Calvo Ugalde Adrián Francisco , Robles Murillo Keylor , Chaves Aguilar Jorge Luis
Published: October 2018

Resumen Este artículo aborda las prácticas de resistencia desarrolladas por algunas agrupaciones juveniles ubicadas en el cantón de San Ramón de Alajuela frente a actos de discriminación hacia las sexualidades disidentes experimentados en dos instalaciones comerciales entre los meses de abril y mayo del 2016. El proceso reflexivo ha sido construido en el marco del proyecto: Manifestaciones de la participación juvenil en el cantón de San Ramón, Alajuela: Motivaciones, alcances y desafíos, en el período 2015 - 2017, inscrito en la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Por lo tanto, se aborda la heteronormatividad como parte de la cultura hegemónica y algunas acciones colectivas de resistencia en el contexto local, desde las identidades de género disidentes. Además  se intenta de-construir el imaginario social que se teje alrededor de la protesta social, particularmente las expresiones de resistencia vinculadas con las sexualidades disidentes y subalternizadas.Palabras claves: Acciones colectivas, Resistencia juvenil, Sexualidades disidentes, Heteronormatividad, Participación juvenil Experiences of youth resistance facing oppression of dissident sexualities in San Ramón, AlajuelaAbstractThis article refers to the experiences of resistance developed by some youth groups located in the canton of San Ramón de Alajuela against acts of discrimination against dissident sexualities experienced in two commercial facilities between the months of April and May 2016. The process of systematization has been built within the framework of the research project: Manifestations of youth participation in the canton of San Ramon, Alajuela: Motivations, scope and challenges, period 2015-2017, enrolled in Vicerrectoría de Investigación at Universidad de Costa Rica. Consequently, through a case study heteronormativity is tackled as part of the hegemonic culture and some collective actions of resistance in the local context are approached addressing the dissident gender identities. Additionally, it is intended to deconstruct a social imaginary biased against the social protest, particularly the expressions of resistance linked to dissident and subordinated sexualities.Key Words: Collective actions, Youthful resistance, Dissident sexualities, Heteronormativity, Youth participation.  Acerca del proceso editorial y sus publicaciones la revista Reflexiones utiliza la licencia Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Examining the impact of specific types of item-writing flaws on student performance and psychometric properties of the multiple choice question
Authors: Pham Hannah , Besanko James , Devitt Peter
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Item-writing flaws (IWFs) are common in multiple choice questions (MCQs) despite item-writing guidelines. Previous studies have shown that IWFs impact validity as observed through student performance, item difficulty, and discrimination. Most previous studies have examined IWFs collectively and have shown that they have a diverse impact. The aim of the study was to determine if the effects of individual types of IWFs are systematic and predictable. Method: A cross-over study design was used. 100 pairs of MCQ items (with and without an IWF) were constructed to test 10 types of IWFs. Medical students were invited to participate in a mock examination. Paper A consisted of 50 flawed followed by 50 unflawed items. Paper B consisted of 50 unflawed followed by 50 flawed items. The effect of each of the IWFs on mean item scores, item difficulty and discrimination were examined. Results: The hypothesised effect of IWFs on mean item scores was confirmed in only 4 out of 10 cases. 'Longest choice is correct', 'Clues to the right answer (Eponymous terms)' and 'Implausible distractors' positively impacted, while 'Central idea in choices rather than stem' negatively impacted mean item scores. Other flaws had either the opposite or no statistically significant effect. IWFs did not impact item difficulty or discrimination. Conclusion: The effect of IWFs is neither systematic nor predictable. Unpredictability in assessment produces error and thus loss of validity. Therefore, IWFs should be avoided. Faculties should be encouraged to invest in item-writing workshops in order to improve MCQs. However, the cost of doing so should be carefully weighed against the benefits of developing programmes of assessment.
Evolution of bulk compressibility and permeability of granite due to thermal cracking
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhao Jianjian , Hu Dawei , Shao Jianfu , Sheng Qian
Published: October 2018

Granite samples were subjected to heating at different temperatures and rapid water cooling. Hydrostatic compression tests were performed on the thermally treated samples. The initial tangent bulk modulus was measured. The critical value of hydrostatic stress for closing thermally induced micro-cracks was identified and the residual volumetric strain after unloading was determined. Gas permeability of granite samples was also determined under different levels of hydrostatic stress. It is found that the density of thermally induced micro-cracks can be correlated with the residual volumetric strain, both increasing when the pre-treatment temperature is higher. There is a significant increase of gas permeability up to several orders of magnitude as a consequence of micro-cracks induced by the heating and water-cooling process.