bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAPU BUMI SEGORO (SABURO) GERAKAN PEDULI SAMPAH MENUJU LAUT BERSIH BERKELANJUTAN DI DUSUN SENDANG BIRU KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Sumarmi Sumarmi , Masruroh Heni , Anggara Arik , Amin Saiful
Published: September 2022

Public awareness and environmental concern are two issues that frequently showed up related to waste management. This study aimed to determine the awareness of Dusun Sendang Biru community in maintaining beach and sea cleanliness and creativity in maintaining beach and sea cleanliness sustainably. The research design used a descriptive qualitative method. The data was collected through observation, in depth interviews, documentation, and Forum Group Discussions (FGDs). The result revealed that before 2016, the community awareness in maintaining beach and sea cleanliness was still low but got better Sendang Biru Bhakti Alam Foundation (a local foundation) managed an ecotourism area in Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC) Tiga Warna, Malang, Indonesia, in 2019, the port area of Pondok Dadap Sendang Biru also has a conservation program to raise awareness about the importance of waste management, and in early 2021, a movement called SABURO (Sapu Bumi Segoro) made to raise public awareness about the cleanliness in the coast, sea and land areas. The movement then continued by producing bricks made from plastic waste and used oil. This initiative has a significant impact on the environmental sustainability of coastal areas in Sendang Biru district.

 

Abstrak

Masalah yang sering muncul ketika membahas masalah sampah yaitu kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesadaran masyarakat Dusun Sendang Biru dalam menjaga kebersihan pantai dan laut dan kreativitas masyarakat untuk membuat laut bersih secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan partisipatif, dokumentasi, dan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum tahun 2016 kesadaran masyarakat Dusun Sendang Biru dalam menjaga kebersihan pantai dan laut masih rendah, tetapi setelah itu semakin membaik dengan diprakarsai Yayasan Bhakti Alam Sendang Biru yang menge- lola Kawasan Ekowisata CMC Tiga Warna, mulai tahun 2019 Kawasan Pelabuhan Pondok Dadap Sendang Biru juga mempunyai program konservasi untuk membentuk kesadaran bersih dari sampah dan awal tahun 2021 muncul Gerakan SABURO (Sapu Bumi Segoro) kesadaran masyarakat tentang kebersihan sampah tidak hanya di pesisir dan laut, tetapi juga di kawasan daratan. Gerakan tersebut dilanjutkan dengan kreasi pembuatan batako dari bahan sampah plastik dan oli bekas. Gerakan ini sangat memberi dampak pada kebersihan lingkungan baik di perkampungan, pesisir dan laut yang ada di Dusun Sendang Biru.
EKSPLORASI POLA BARISAN ARITMETIKA DALAM TARIAN HADRAH
Authors: Royyani Atiqotur , Marhayati Marhayati , Rofiki Imam
Published: September 2022

English:
This research aims to describe the concept of the arithmetic sequence pattern in the Hadrah dance performed by the Bangeran village community. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach with the research subjects are Hadrah art performers in Bangeran village and the object of research is Hadrah dance. The technique used to collect data in this study consisted of three ways, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. While, the data analysis technique used is the data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data exposure, and drawing conclusions. Results of the study was showed that there was a mathematical concept contained in the Hadrah movement, namely the concept of an arithmetic sequence pattern. This concept is used to find how many dance terms a movement occurs in the nth repetition. The formula for finding the terms of a movement that occurs on the nth repetition is to determine movement one = 7n-6, movement two = 7n-5, movement three = 7n-4, movement four = 7n-3, movement five = 7n- 2, movement six = 7n-1, and movement seven = 7n.
Indonesian:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep pola barisan aritmetika pada tarian Hadrah yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat desa Bangeran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi dengan subjek penelitian merupakan pemain kesenian Hadrah di desa Bangeran dan objek penelitiannya adalah tarian Hadrah. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data pada penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga cara, yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan, teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data Miles and Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, pemaparan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya konsep matematika yang terdapat dalam gerakan Hadrah, yaitu konsep pola barisan aritmetika. Konsep ini digunakan untuk mencari suku tarian ke berapa suatu gerakan terjadi pada pengulangan ke-n . Diperoleh rumus untuk mencari suku suatu gerakan yang terjadi pada pengulangan ke-n  adalah untuk menentukan gerakan satu = 7n - 6 , gerakan dua = 7n - 5, gerakan tiga = 7n - 4, gerakan empat = 7n - 3, gerakan lima = 7n - 2, gerakan enam = 7n - 1, dan gerakan tujuh = 7n.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water and sediments from the Udu River, Niger Delta, Nigeria: concentration, distribution and risk assessment
Authors: Iniaghe Paschal O. , Kpomah Enyohwo D.
Published: September 2022

In this study, five surface water and sediment samples were collected from five different points along the course of the Udu River, Niger Delta, Nigeria, which were near the human population. Water samples were liquid-liquid extracted with dichloromethane in a separatory funnel, while sediment samples were Soxhlet extracted using a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. Quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the extracts was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ecological risk of PCBs was assessed by comparing the determined PCB concentrations with established guideline values, while health risk was evaluated using non-cancer and total cancer risk models. From the results obtained, only one congener (PCB-167) was present in water samples, with concentrations ranging from 20-1860 ng L-1. For sediment samples, 28 congeners were detected. The concentration of Ʃ28PCBs and the 12 dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) ranged from 5.34-16.1 and 1.07-5.36 ng g-1, respectively. The toxicity equivalence values for dl-PCBs varied from 0.0065-0.018. Compared to guideline values for both water and sediment, the PCB concentration obtained in this study does not pose any ecological risk at all except for one sampled point. Similarly, the hazard index values for non-cancer risk evaluation were < 1 at all but one point, while total cancer risk values were between 1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4 at all but one sampling point, indicating no potential risk of developing cancer associated with PCBs in water and sediments of the Udu River.
Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms
Authors: Ali Mubarak
Published: September 2022

Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon elements. Depending on the processing conditions of a carbon precursor, carbon changes state behavior. The electron transfer mechanism occurred to convert carbon from one state to another. In conversion, the dash-shaped energy bits involved transferring electrons to nearby unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped energy has partially conserved behavior. A transferring electron is also under partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms equally evolve and equally develop structures of one dimension, two dimensions, and four dimensions, respectively, when in the graphite, nanotube, and fullerene states. Here, the already associated dash-shaped energy bits bind the carbon atoms. A two-dimensional graphite structure or amorphous carbon structure also forms. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite, and graphene state atoms involve different shaped bits of energy. The bit of energy has a shape like a golf stick. By involving four bits of golf-stick-shaped energy, all four electrons of the outer ring of the depositing diamond state atom undertake an additional clamp of all four energy knots of the outer ring of the deposited diamond state atom. A depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from the east-west surface to the south. Growth is from the south to the east-west surface, so the structure of the diamond is a tetra-electron topological structure. The lonsdaleite state atoms bind from the surface east-west to a bit south. However, in glassy carbon, the layers of gaseous, graphite, and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. The order of these layers repeats in the growth process of glassy carbon. The carbon-based materials also study Mohs hardness.
How did COVID-19 Pandemic Impact Safety on a Construction Project? A Case Study Comparing Pre and Post COVID-19 Influence on Safety at an Australian Construction Site.
Authors: Selleck Roberta , Cattani Marcus , Hassall Maureen
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 had a significant impact on construction projects due to labor shortages and COVID-19 restrictions, yet little is known about the impact it had on construction safety. To address this gap, an Australian construction project was selected to study the impact of COVID-19 on safety performance, safety climate and safety leadership. The study collected data from safety climate surveys, leading and lagging safety indicators and used linear regression to compare safety performance pre and post the onset of COVID-19. Our results showed after the onset of COVID-19 there was a significant reduction (Pr>F at 0.05%) in incident rate, an improvement in supervisor safety leadership and safety climate, and satisfaction with organisational communication. The study identified the increase level of safety awareness due to COVID-19 did not result in an increase in the level of engagement in safety leadership. Interestingly, participation in the safety leadership activities did not improve until a change of Project Manager occurred. The study determined leaders who establish a positive safety climate within a project could negate the safety performance impact of COVID-19. The study confirms the importance of site safety leadership in maintaining engagement in risk management and the value of focused safety communication.
Tracing Superior and Late-Leafing Genotypes in their Origin Center for Managing Late-Spring Frost in Walnut Orchards
Authors: Fallah Mehdi , Rasouli Mousa , Hassani Darab , Lawson Shaneka S. , Sarikhani Saadat , Vahdati Kourosh
Published: September 2022

Evaluating genetic diversity in walnut (Juglans regia L.) populations is a rapid approach used by walnut breeding programs to distinguish superior genotypes. The present study identified the Hamedan province walnut population as one of the richest, most genetically diverse regions in Iran during 2019-2020. After initial screening, 47 genotypes were selected for further evaluation of pomological and phenological traits based on International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) descriptors. Nut and kernel weights among the selected genotypes ranged between 7.15-21.05 g and 3.0-10.8 g, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) categorized genotypes into three distinct groups while cluster analysis (CA) further categorized genotypes into one of four groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation (P <0.01) between nut weight (NWT), nut size, and kernel weight (KW) while a negative correlation (P <0.01) between shell thickness (STH) and packing tissue thickness (PTT) with kernel percentage (KP) was observed. Lastly, 10 of 47 genotypes (TAL8, TAL9, TAL10, TAL14, TAL19, TAL22, TB2, TB4, TB6, and RDGH5) were considered superior. Superior genotypes were late-leafing (25-40 days after the standard) and displayed a lateral bearing (LB) habit with heavy nuts (12.52–16.82 g) and kernels (6.53–8.15 g), thin-shells (1.06–1.25 mm), and lightly-colored kernels. Cuttings of superior genotypes were then grafted in the orchard. Detecting superior and late-leafing genotypes in this investigation suggests cultivars resistant to late-spring frost may soon be isolated.
Vertebrate Animal Models of RP59: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Fliesler Steven J. , Ramachandra Rao Sriganesh , Nguyen Mai N. , KhalafAllah Mahmoud Tawfik , Pittler Steven J.
Published: September 2022

Retinitis pigmentosa-59 (RP59) is a rare, recessive form of RP, caused by mutations in the gene encoding DHDDS (dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase). DHDDS forms a heterotetrameric complex with Nogo-B Receptor (NgBR; gene NUS1) to form a cis-prenyltransferase (CPT) enzyme complex, which is required for synthesis of dolichol, which in turn is required for protein N-glycosylation as well as other glycosylation reactions in eukaryotic cells. Herein, we review the published phenotypic characteristics of RP59 models extant, with an emphasis on their ocular phenotypes, based primarily upon knock-in of known RP59-associated DHDDS mutations as well as cell type- and tissue-specific knockout of DHDDS alleles in mice. We also briefly review findings in RP59 patients with retinal disease and other patients with DHDDS mutations causing epilepsy and other neurologic disease. We discuss these findings in the context of addressing “knowledge gaps” in our current understanding of the underlying pathobiology mechanism of RP59, as well as their potential utility for developing therapeutic interventions to block the onset, or to dampen the severity or progression, of RP59.
Scoliosis Secondary to Neurofibromatosis Type I Combined With Moyamoya Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Luo Yanzhong , Guo Dong , Yao Ziming , Liu Haonan , Zhang Xuejun
Published: September 2022

Case:

A 13-year-old girl presenting with scoliosis accompanied by type I neurofibromatosis (NF1) underwent deformity correction surgery. On the second postoperative day, she had sudden-onset acute cerebral infarctions and was diagnosed with moyamoya syndrome. After neurological conservative treatment, at the sixth month after surgery, her symptoms and signs were significantly improved and the daily life was not affected by herself.

Conclusion:

NF1 scoliosis with moyamoya syndrome is an uncommon inherited disorder. Intracranial vasculopathy is hardly detected from routine preoperative examinations. The specific intracranial vascular examination should be performed for patients with NF1 scoliosis, especially those who have a positive history of cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic symptoms.
Are There Racial Disparities in Knee Symptoms and Articular Cartilage Damage in Patients Presenting for Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy?
Authors: Wentt Christa L. , Farrow Lutul D. , Everhart Joshua S. , Spindler Kurt P. , Jones Morgan H. ,   Cleveland Clinic Sports Medicine Outcomes
Published: September 2022

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether Black patients presenting for arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) have worse baseline knee pain, worse knee function, and greater articular cartilage damage than White patients.

Methods:

A cohort of 3,086 patients (84% of whom were White; 13%, Black; and 3%, other race, with a median age of 53 years) who underwent APM were enrolled. Patients who underwent concomitant procedures and patients of undisclosed race or self-pay status were excluded. The associations of race with the preoperative Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for pain (KOOS-pain) and the KOOS-Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-function) and the intraoperative assessment of cartilage damage (highest modified Outerbridge grading) were determined by multivariate modeling with adjustment for age, sex, insurance status, years of education, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), meniscal tear location, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Mental Component Summary (VR-12 MCS) score.

Results:

The 3 factors most strongly associated with worse KOOS-pain and KOOS-function were a lower VR-12 MCS score, increased BMI, and increased age. The 3 factors most strongly associated with higher-grade articular cartilage damage were increased age, increased BMI, and meniscal tear location. All of these factors had an unequal distribution between Black and White patients. After adjusting for confounding variables, the KOOS-pain score for Black patients was a mean of 2.6 points lower than that for White patients regardless of insurance status; the KOOS-function score for Black patients with commercial insurance was a mean of 2.4 points lower than that for White patients with commercial insurance but was not lower than that for Black patients on Medicare. Compared with commercially insured White patients, commercially insured Black patients had 1.4-fold greater odds of having higher-grade articular damage, and no difference in risk was detected among Medicare-insured Black patients.

Conclusions:

There are clinically important differences in the distribution of risk factors between Black and White patients presenting for APM regarding several factors associated with worse knee pain, knee function, and greater articular cartilage damage. When controlling for these confounding factors, a significant, but not clinically relevant, racial disparity remained with respect to knee pain, knee function, and cartilage damage. Two of the 3 major risk factors for all 3 included age and BMI. The third factor for knee pain and function was mental health, and the location of a meniscal tear was the third factor for articular cartilage damage.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Covid-19 With Cerebrovascular Manifestations: Review of Literature and Case Series
Authors:   Professor,Department of Neurosurgery, NHL Municipal Medical College, SVP Hospital Campus, Elisbridge, Ahmedabad 380006, Gujarat, India, Patel Mukesh , Raval Himanshu ,   Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, NHL Municipal Medical College, SVP Hospital Campus, Elisbridge, Ahmedabad 380006, Gujarat, India
Published: September 2022

Background: In year 2020, we are fighting with global threat of corona virus pandemic. It is more hazardous with its heterogeneous presentation involving all systems in body. Objective: As corona virus having properties to produce cerebrovascular diseases via causing hypercoaguable state and possible endothelial damage, it is necessary to look this facet of its virulence. Here, we are presenting review of literature and case series of three patients having covid stroke, two of which having ischemic stroke and one of them is having hemorrhagic stroke. Methods and Material: This study has been carried out at SVP hospital Ahmedabad which is designated covid care hospital in western India from March to august. With no proper etiopathogenesis established between covid-19 and stroke, this data is useful as obtained from dedicated covid hospital in western India with drainage area of approximately 6,00,00,000 population. Result: Mortality is higher in patients with cerebrovascular manifestation with hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications. Conclusion: Neurological examination must be given proper importance in apparently well covid-19 positive patients to reveal minute neurological clues. A centralized database needed to be established at national level. Once covid-19 can be established as direct causative agent, a term “covid stroke” must be given proper importance and guideline can be formed for treatment.
The Safety of Gastric Ulcer Biopsies and Random Gastric Biopsies in the Setting of an Overt Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Shamaa Omar , Dababneh Yara , Shamaa Tayseer , Musleh Maher , Nimri Faisal , Ghanimeh Mouhanna Abu , Kutait Anas
Published: September 2022

Background
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common cause of hospitalization, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and therapy. Although cold forceps biopsies are considered a low bleeding risk, many defer gastric biopsies in the setting of UGIB. We aimed to conduct a study to assess the safety of gastric ulcer and random gastric biopsies in the setting of an overt UGIB.
Methods
This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care center. All patients with a diagnosis of an UGIB who had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed with gastric ulcer or a random gastric biopsy were included. Primary outcomes were bleeding and mortality within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included procedure length, rate of H. pylori or cancer diagnosis, and patient follow-up rate.
Results
Our study included 254 UGIB patients, with only 171 undergoing biopsies. Patients with more severe bleeding using Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score and Rockall Score were less likely to have a biopsy (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between both groups in length of procedure and 30-day mortality (p = 0.482 and p = 0.201, respectively). Patients who underwent biopsies were less likely to be associated with 30-day rebleeding (p = 0.04). There was no difference in H. pylori incidence and cancer detection between the two groups (p = 0.32 and p = 1.0, respectively).
Conclusions
Gastric biopsies were found to be safe to obtain in the setting of an UGIB and did not increase the risk of 30-day rebleeding or 30-day mortality.
Comprehensive AI Model Development for Gleason Grading:
From Scanning, Cloud-based Annotation to Pathologist-AI Interaction
Authors: Huo Xinmi , ONG KokHaur , Lau Kah Weng , Gole Laurent , Young David , Tan Char Loo , Zhang Chongchong , Zhang Yonghui , Zhu Xiaohui , Li Longjie , Han Hao , Lu Haoda , Marini Gabriel , Xu Jun , Gui Kun , Chen Bingxian , Shi Wenzhao , Chen Wanyuan , Sanders Stephan , Lee Hwee Kuan , Hue Susan Swee-Shan , Yu Weimiao , Tan Soo Yong
Published: September 2022

AI-based solutions for automated Gleason grading have been developed to assist pathologists to make rapid and quantitative assessments, but the generalization across various scanners and updating AI models continuously using new annotated data from end users remains a key bottleneck in the field. We proposed an comprehensive digital pathology workflow for AI-assisted Gleason grading, incorporating an image quality check software A!magQC, a cloud-based annotation platform A!HistoNotes and Pathologist-AI Interaction (PAI) strategy. To demonstrate and validate the pipeline, we employed it on prostate samples obtained from 5 scanners for Gleason grading. After training on 132 prostatectomy specimens scanned by an Akoya Biosciences scanner, validation on 55 prostatectomy specimens and 156 biopsy specimens yielded a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 96% and F1 score of 78% on Gleason grading for prostatectomy specimens, and 96% sensitivity on tumor detection for biopsy specimens. For images scanned by other 4 scanners, the average F1 score increased from 67% to 75% on Gleason pattern detection after adopting our generalization solution. In clinical experiments conducted with 5 pathologists from Singapore and China, our pipeline accelerated Gleason scoring by 43%. Furthermore, it reduced annotation time by 60% via semi-automatic annotation, leading to improved model performance through incremental learning.
Solving CAPTCHAs Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: O Divya M , M Ranjitha , Dhananjayan Prem , Kiran Rachel
Published: September 2022

CAPTCHAs are tests used to distinguish between a human and bots or computer programs. These are used by internet services as security measures to prevent unwanted access, traffic and transactions. These tests are easy for humans but difficult for machines to solve. But these tests can be easily passed by using machine learning techniques. Instead, machine learning can be used for protection by checking various vulnerabilities in the CAPTCHAs. In this research paper we have used machine learning techniques which can be used to check for discrepancies in solving CAPTCHAs. There are a variety of techniques out of which we have utilised CNN, RNN and GAN for our study based on the thorough literature study. The results of our experiments show credible numbers. All are above 90% except one method which is image captcha based on objects, which shows 68% only. The performance could be increased even by combining different captcha.
Surgical and survival outcomes after robotic and open pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer: a propensity score-matching comparison
Authors: Shyr Bor-Shiuan , Chen Shih-Chin , Wang Shin-E , Shyr Yi-Ming , Shyr Bor-Uei
Published: September 2022

Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) in ampullary cancer has never been studied. This study aimed to clarify the feasibility and justification of RPD in ampullary cancer in terms of surgical risks, and oncological and survival outcomes. A propensity score-matching comparison of RPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) based on seven factors commonly used to predict the survival outcomes in ampullary cancer patients. A total of 147 patients were enrolled, of which 101 and 46 underwent RPD and OPD, respectively. After propensity score-matching with a 2:1 ratio, 88 and 44 patients in the RPD and OPD groups were included. The operation time was of no significant difference after matching. The median intraoperative blood loss was much less in those who underwent RPD, both before (median, 120 c.c. vs. 320 c.c. P < 0.001) and after (100 mL vs. 335 mL P < 0.001) score-matching. There were no significant differences in terms of surgical risks, including surgical mortality, surgical morbidity, Clavien-Dindo severity classification, postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, chyle leak, bile leak, and wound infection, both before or after score-matching. The survival outcomes were also similar between the two groups, regardless of matching. RPD for ampullary cancer is not only technically feasible and safe without increasing surgical risks, but also oncologically justifiable without compromising survival outcomes and surgical radicality.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Group 3 and Group 4 Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Salahuddin Moiz , Shahid Shayan , Tariq Umar , Aqeel Masooma , Arif Ali Usman , Aslam Mehwish , Sattar Saadia
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased mortality, and lung diseases are the second most common cause of PH. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is often employed for PH diagnosis in low-to-middle income countries.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review of adult patients hospitalized from June 2012 to May 2021. Patients with pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥ 35 mmHg on TTE were included in the study. Patients with group 1 PH, group 2, or group 5 PH were excluded.
Results:
128 patients were included, with females being 69.5%. Group 3 PH consisted of 79.7% and Group 4 PH consisted of 20.3%. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome / obstructive sleep apnea (OHS/OSA) consisted of 31.3% of the population and was the most common etiology of PH. The overall 1-year mortality after diagnosis of PH was 20.3%, with bronchiectasis having the highest group-specific 1-year mortality of 45.5%. 1-year hospital readmission was seen in 46.9% of patients. The difference in mortality rates between the groups was statistically significant (x2 = 18.1, P=0.004). The mean PASP was 59.2 ± 16.5 mmHg. On multivariate analysis, patients who did not have 1-year hospital readmission or were treated with diuretics, had decreased odds of 1-year mortality.
Conclusion:
Clinical outcomes of patients with group 3 PH vary based on causative etiology. Patients with bronchiectasis had the highest 1-year mortality and 1-year readmission rate. Currently, TTE based diagnosis for PH is a reality in LMIC.
Alteration in Prorenin-Renin Homeostasis, A Key Contributor to Renin-Angiostensin-System Pathway in The Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alare kehinde Paul , Taiwo Oluwafemi , Akindele Zainab , Olaniyi Peter , Adeyemo Rebecca , Odunitamln Tope , Oyediran Paul
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Diabetic nephropathy is part of the microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus alongside neuropathy and retinopathy. Many mechanisms have been presented as the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy but this could be attributed to the renin-angiotensin system. The alteration in prorenin and renin homeostasis has been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus, it's noticed to a reduction in conversion of prorenin to renin thereby leading to accumulation of prorenin binding to (pro)renin.
AIM
This article is targeted at explaining the contributory roles of the alteration in the prorenin and renin homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and explaining why some of the drugs that act along renin-angiotensin pathways, especially angiotensin receptor blockers can be very helpful in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
METHODS
A careful literature search was made on some scientific databases such as PubMed, EMBase, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and others using a very sensitive search strategy on researches that are related to the effects of the renin-angiotensin pathway on diabetic nephropathy focusing mainly on the use Handle Receptor Protein (HRP) and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
RESULTS
The review of different articles shows that HRP, especially when used alongside Angiotensinogen Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) increases plasma renin activities, and reduces the progression and development of glomeruli sclerosis, tubular injury, podocyte injury, and proteinuria. Also, ARBs such as losartan and irbesartan were found to reduce relative risk for primary composite endpoint death of nephrons, serum creatinine level, and progression to end-stage renal disease.
CONCLUSION
Binding of prorenin which accumulates in diabetic Mellitus to (pro)renin receptor causes non-proteolytic activation at higher concentrations and also releases profibrotic molecules which are injurious to the nephrons. This can be inhibited by the use of handle region peptide (HRP) which is a competitive antagonist of prorenin or the use of angiotensin receptor blocker which aids binding of angiotensin II to the AT2 receptor leading to vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory anti-proliferative, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effects which antagonize those produced by prorenin.
Laparoscopic Drainage Versus Interventional Radiology for Management Of Appendicular Abscess : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Negm Said , Mousa Bassam , Shafiq Ahmed , Abozaid Mohamed , Allah Ehab Abd , Attia Adel , Abozaid Eslam , Farag Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Background:
Laparoscopic drainage of appendicular abscess has become a novel technique due to its advantages over interventional radiology like complete exploration of the abdomen, exclusion of other pathologies, excision of the appendix at same session, better cosmesis, decrease incidence of wound infection & incisional hernia, better visualization of surgical field, fine handling of edematous tissue and drainage of multiple collections.
Methods:
This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included all patients who developed the manifestations of appendicular abscess and referred to the Zagazig University Hospital Emergency Department between January 2020 and February 2022. The study was prospectively approved by Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine Institutional Review Board (Approval Number: 55342/24.1.2020), and was retrospectively submitted in clinicaltrials.gov in 15/6/2022 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05419440). The sample size was 172 patients divided into two equal group, laparoscopic group involved 86 patients (group1), interventional radiology group involved 86 patients (group2).
Results:
“Group 1 (laparoscopic drainage group) included 86 patients: 55.8% were males, with a mean age of 41.2 (± 12.2) years-old, while in group 2 (interventional radiology group) included 86 patients: 51.2% were males, with a mean age of 36.8 (± 10.9) years-old. The reported complications were bowel injury, fecal fistula, recurrence, pelvic collection and mortality with incidence rates of occurrence 1(1.2%), 3 (3.5%), 0 (0%), 0 (0%), 0(0%) respectively in group (1) while in group(2) were 5(5.8%), 0(0%), 3(3.5%), 8(9.3%), 1(1.2%) respectively. Regarding quality of life in both groups were excellent, good, poor with incidence rates of 48(55.8%), 38(44.2%), 0(0%) respectively in group (1), and 12(14%), 59(68.6%), 15(17.4%) respectively in group(2).
Conclusion:
Laparoscopic management of appendicular abscess can be safely applied in a good experienced hand with no mortality & morbidity, without the need for interval appendectomy.
Do you trust this speaker? The impact of prompting on middle-school students’ consideration of source when watching conflicting videos
Authors: Lescarret Colin , Magnier Julien , Floch Valérie Le , Sakdavong Jean-Christophe , Boucheix Jean-Michel , Amadieu Franck
Published: September 2022

In this study, we investigated the impact of prompting on young students' source consideration when watching videos with conflicting information. 262 French 7th graders were confronted to a series of videos in which two speakers (varying in credibility) took opposite stances on the topic of organic farming. Students were either confronted with no prompts (control group), an indirect form of prompting (watching an instructional video on the benefits of sourcing before processing the material), a direct form of prompting (filling out source credibility rating scales during the processing of the material) or a combination of both. While the impact of the instructional video on students’ source consideration proved marginal, students who had to fill the source credibility rating scales during the processing of the material better remembered the identity of the speakers (notably in delayed posttest), were more inclined to consider the expert interviewee as the most convincing and to mention interviewees’ expertise to justify their judgement. The implications of these results are discussed.
Two MADS-box transcription factors mediate epigenetic control of tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Niu Qingfeng , Xu Yaping , Huang Huan , Li Linzhu , Tang Dengguo , Wu Siqun , Liu Ping , Liu Ruie , Ma Yu , Ni Junbei , Zhang Bo , Lang Zhaobo
Published: September 2022

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in many biological processes in eukaryotes. It was recently proposed to be one of the most important factors controlling fruit ripening. In tomato, dysfunction of DML2, a DEMETER-like DNA demethylase, causes genome-wide DNA hypermethylation and dramatically delays fruit ripening. However, the link between the change in DNA methylation and ripening phenotype is unclear. In this study, we revealed a novel function of RIN and TDR4 (two well-known ripening-related transcription factors) in mediating DML2-dependent epigenetic control of fruit ripening. We found that double mutations in RIN and TDR4, which are both silenced in dml2-3, are sufficient to mimic the ripening phenotype of dml2 fruits. Restoration of RIN expression in dml2-3 largely rescued ripening phenotype of dml2 fruits, and majority of RIN binding peaks were also restored in dml2 fruits. Interestingly, we found that in addition to regulating RIN and TDR4 expression, DML2 also regulates RIN binding in the genome to control fruit ripening. At a subset of RIN targets, RIN binding is blocked in dml2-3. DNA methylation is known to directly or indirectly influence TF binding, however, the sphere of influence of DNA methylation on TF binding has not been determined in any organism. Here, we found that the loss of RIN binding is highly associated with DNA methylation increase within ~ 100 bp of the binding site, and is also associated with an enrichment of histone H3, a core protein in the nucleosome. In summary, our findings filled the missing link between epigenetic change and its regulation of fruit ripening through identifying two important downstream factors of SlDML2, and we determined for the first time the sphere of influence of DNA methylation on TF binding, thus furthering the understanding of the effect of DNA methylation on TF binding in vivo.
Composite Sustainable Mobility Index (CSMI): Case study of Tunisian cities
Authors: Khamassi Emna , Rehimi Ferid , Kalboussi Adel
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic study unveils the gene regulatory mechanisms of sugarcane growth promotion during interaction with an endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Authors: Nong Qian , Malviya Mukesh Kumar , Solanki Manoj Kumar , Lin Li , Xie Jinlan , Mo Zhanghong , Wang Zeping , Song Xiupeng , Huang Xin , Li Changning , Li Yangrui
Published: September 2022

Background
Sugarcane growth and yield are complex biological processes influenced by endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, for which the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this study, integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to investigate the interaction between an endophytic bacterial strain, Burkholderia GXS16, and sugarcane tissue culture seedlings at four different stages.
Results
During the colonization of GXS16, increasing contents of H2O2, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and proline, and elevated activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed. Accordingly, 161, 113, and 37 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the pairwise comparisons of adjacent stages. In addition, transcriptomic analyses identified 1,371, 1,457, and 365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between adjacent stages, which were largely involved in glutathione metabolism and carbon fixation photosynthesis. We then assessed the pattern of metabolite accumulation and gene expression in sugarcane during GXS16 colonization. The results showed that both DAMs and DGEs in the upregulated expression profiles were involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Overall, p-coumaroyl-CoA in sugarcane roots tended to transfer into homoeriodictyol chalcone, 5-deoxyleucopelargonidin, epi-afzelechin, phlorizin, kaempferin, and epigallocatechol due to the upregulation of the expression of genes shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), chalcone synthase (CHS), and phlorizin synthase (PGT1).
Conclusions
This study provides insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the interaction between GXS16 and sugarcane roots, which will facilitate future applications of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to promote crop growth.
Starting Analysis of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors 1000 kW by Variable Frequency Drive in Power System Case study: Tabriz Pump station
Authors: Mahmood Farhad Muhsin , Hashjin Mahdi Rahnamaei
Published: September 2022

In petroleum industrial systems, analysis of power systems should be considered to exploit system reliability and prevent change in process performance during starting in equipment such as induction motors and industrial pumps. Medium-voltage induction motors are essential electrical machines in the oil, petrochemical, and process industries; therefore, the study of induction motors is an integral part of the analysis of power system. These motors are directly fed from the power grid and are exploited afterward. The starting current of induction motors is 5 to 7 times greater than the nominal current at the moment of starting until it reaches the nominal torque. This starting current will result in the motors and transformer and voltage drop in users' appliances connected to the electric grid to the extent that it might even cause a shutdown in the grid or not start the motor. It will also directly impact the power quality of the power system. For this reason, the starting voltage drop should not exceed 15% of the terminal voltage. In this paper, the starting of squirrel cage induction motors 1000kW by variable frequency drive in Tabriz pump station has been analysed by the ETAP 19.0.1 software.
Effects of insoluble fiber source on growth performance, foregut development, gut health, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and carcass traits in broilers
Authors: Rasool Abid , Qaisrani Shafqat Nawaz , Khalique Anjum , Hussain Jibran
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
“Assessing the Impact of Individual Autozygosity on Complex Traits”
Authors: Lynch Megan T. , Maloney Kristin A. , Xu Huichun , Perry James A. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , N/A Regeneron Genetics Center
Published: September 2022

Autozygosity, the proportion of the genome that is homozygous by descent, has been associated with variation in multiple health-related traits impacting evolutionary fitness. Autozygosity (FROH) is typically measured from runs of homozygosity (ROHs) that arise when identical-by-descent (IBD) haplotypes are inherited from each parent. Population isolates with a small set of common founders have elevated autozygosity relative to outbred populations. In this study, we examined whether degree of autozygosity was associated with variation in 96 cardiometabolic traits among 7221 Old Order Amish individuals residing in Lancaster County, PA. We estimated the average length of an ROH segment to be 6350 KB, with each individual having on average 17.2 segments 1.5 KB or larger, which in aggregate span ~ 3.7% of the genome. Measurements of genome-wide and regional FROH were used as the primary predictors of trait variation in association analysis. In genome-wide FROH analysis, we did not identify any associations that withstood Bonferroni-correction (p = 0.0005). However, on regional FROH analysis, we identified associations exceeding genome-wide thresholds for two traits: serum bilirubin levels, which were significantly associated with a region on chromosome 2 localized to a region surrounding UGT1A10 (p = 1x10− 43), and HbA1c levels, which were significantly associated with a region on chromosome 8 localized near CHRNB3 (p = 8x10− 10). These analyses highlight the potential value of autozygosity mapping in founder populations.
An integrative and comparative data-driven approach for monitoring the corn biomass under irrigation water and nitrogen levels based on the multispectral UAV images
Authors: Feizolahpour Farid , Besharat Sina , Feizizadeh Bakhtiar , Rezaverdinejad Vahid , Hessari Behzad
Published: September 2022

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) remote sensing has been widely considered recently in field-based crop yield estimation. In this research, the capability of 13 spectral indices in the form of 5 groups was studied under different irrigation water and N fertilizer managements in terms of corn biomass monitoring and estimation. Farm experiments were conducted in Urmia University, Iran. The study was done using a randomized complete block design at three levels of 60, 80 and 100 percent of irrigation water and nitrogen requirements during four iterations. The aerial imagery operations were performed using a fixed-wing UAV equipped with a Sequoia remote sensing sensor during three phases of the plant growth. In the first section, the effect of different irrigation water and nitrogen levels on vegetation indices and crop biomass was examined using variance decomposition analysis. Then, in the second section, the correlation of the vegetation indices with corn biomass was evaluated by fitting linear regression models. Based on the obtained results, the indices based on NIR and Rededge spectral bands showed a better performance in both sections. Thus, MTCI indicated the highest accuracy at estimating corn biomass during the growing season with the R2 and RMSE values of 0.92 and 8.27 ton/ha, respectively. Finally, some Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) models were proposed to estimate corn biomass based on the selected indices and different spectral bands. Results of the BMA models revealed that the accuracy of biomass estimation models could be improved using the capabilities and advantages of different vegetation indices.
A Lightweight Block Encryption Algorithm for Narrowband Internet of Things
Authors: zhao guosheng , chen huan , Wang Jian
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the security of terminal data information in the application architecture of narrowband internet of things (NB-IOT), this paper proposes a lightweight block encryption algorithm SPNRX based on variant ARX (And-Rotate-XOR) structure and Substitute Permutation Network (SPN) structure. The proposed algorithm takes into account the unique security requirements of the NB-IOT terminal, such as simplifying the encryption process as far as possible, not too long encrypted data and high security level, and reduces the number of encryption rounds. It overcomes the shortcoming that half of the block information of ARX structure does not change during one round of encryption, so as to improve the diffusion speed. In addition, considering the security of keys and the cost of hardware implementation, a key schedule based on matrix transformation and P-box permutation is proposed. Through the security analysis of SPNRX algorithm, the analysis shows that SPNRX algorithm has resistance to differential analysis, linear analysis and so on. Finally, the hardware and software performance of SPNRX algorithm is tested. The experimental results show that the hardware implementation cost of the proposed algorithm is low, only 1093 GE based on 0.13 micron ASIC process is required. And the software implementation of the proposed algorithm performs well. The encryption and decryption of the proposed algorithm on the 64-bit processor takes about 0.763 milliseconds and 0.772 milliseconds. And it requires 41.06MB of memory resources. In addition, the security strength and encryption effect of the algorithm are tested through key sensitivity, information entropy, etc. The results show that the proposed algorithm has high enough security.