bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La demanda de importaciones y exportaciones de México en la era del TLCAN. Un enfoque de cointegración
Authors: Cermeño Rodolfo , Rivera Ponce Huver
Published: August 2016

Este artículo busca caracterizar los flujos de comercio internacional de México durante el periodo de vigencia del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Las ecuaciones de importaciones y exportaciones se basan en el modelo de bienes sustitutos imperfectos y son estimadas utilizando el enfoque de cointegración de Johansen, con datos mensuales para el periodo 1994-2014. De esta manera, se encuentra que todas las variables pueden describirse como procesos de tendencia estocástica y que existe una relación de cointegración para cada ecuación de comercio. En ambos casos, las elasticidades precio e ingreso de largo plazo estimadas son significativas y sus signos son consistentes con la teoría económica. En particular, ambos flujos de comercio son inelásticos respecto a los precios relativos, y parecen satisfacer la condición Marshall-Lerner. Por otra parte, las importaciones mexicanas son elásticas respecto al producto, lo cual es indicativo de la alta dependencia de insumos importados de la actividad económica mexicana. A diferencia de la literatura previa, se encuentra que las exportaciones son inelásticas respecto a la producción industrial de los Estados Unidos en este periodo, lo cual implica una mayor estabilidad de éstas ante fluctuaciones en el desempeño de la economía estadunidense.
Estimated carbon dioxide exchange for three native species in an ecological reserve of Mexico City
Authors: Sánchez-León Erika , Castro Telma Gloria , Peralta Oscar Augusto , Álvarez-Ospina Harry , Espinosa Maria de la Luz , Martínez-Arroyo Amparo
Published: August 2016

Capture and emission of carbon dioxide of three species (Buddleia cordata, Senecio praecox and Echeveria gibbiflora) in the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (Ecological Reserve of the Pedregal de San Ángel), were estimated. CO2 sampling was carried out in 2010 during the dry (February, March, April and November) and rainy seasons (July to October). On the dry season B. cordata and S. praecox captured 16.14 and 3.25 kg CO2, respectively, whereas E. gibbiflora emitted 45.76 kg CO2. In the rainy season the exchange of CO2 was different for the three species. In the dry season, the photosynthetic rate was 22 pmol CO2 m–2 s–1 for B. cordata, 27 pmolCO2 m–2 s–1 for S. praecox and 29 pmolCO2 m–2 s–1 for E. gibbiflora. In the rainy season they were 6, 5.25 and 3 pmol CO2 m–2 s–1, respectively. In addition, MODIS data were used to estimate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), indicating that the intensity of greenery at the site increased during the rainy months. This paper explains the contribution of studied plants to the carbon cycle of an ecosystem located within an urban area, and the relationship of environmental variables such as temperature, density photosynthetic photon flux and relative humidity in the capture or emission of CO2. This work provides valuable information about the carbon cycle dynamics on urban ecosystems, which can be useful in future studies for climate change mitigation.
Sensitivity of pines in Mexico to temperature varies with age
Authors: Pompa-García Marin , Hadad Martin A.
Published: August 2016

Mexico has an abundance of Pinus species with P. cooperi as a dominant tree species of great ecological importance. In this study, we compared the climate sensitivity of P. cooperi trees of two age classes growing in the Sierra Madre Occidental: younger (< 80 years) and older (≥ 80 years) trees. A regional curve standardization (RCS) of growth ring width was developed for these two age classes. Our statistical analysis showed that annual tree growth was similar between the two age classes in absolute values of tree-ring widths. However, we found that the effects of rising temperatures during the previous winter are age-dependent; that is, maximum and minimum temperatures have opposite effects on the subsequent tree growth. Warming winter maximum temperatures have negative effects on radial growth, which are stronger in younger trees, whilst minimum winter temperatures enhance the growth. However, no difference in radial growth was observed between the two age classes based on precipitation. In climate change scenarios, an increase in temperature would affect younger trees of P. cooperi more than older trees. These effects of increased temperature may lead to a decrease in the growth and subsequent death of the trees. These results could help land managers to develop criteria related to forest management regarding P. cooperi.
A Community-Powered, Asset-Based Approach to Intersectoral Urban Health System Planning in Chicago
Authors: Lindau Stacy Tessler , Vickery Katherine Diaz , Choi HwaJung , Makelarski Jennifer , Matthews Amber , Davis Matthew
Published: August 2016

Objectives. To describe, and provide a nomenclature and taxonomy for classifying, the economic sectors and functional assets that could be mobilized as partners in an intersectoral health system.

Methods. MAPSCorps (Meaningful, Active, Productive Science in Service to Community) employed local youths to conduct a census of all operating assets (businesses and organizations) on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, in 2012. We classified assets by primary function into sectors and described asset and sector distribution and density per 100 000 population. We compared empirical findings with the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) conceptual representation and description of intersectoral health system partners.

Results. Fifty-four youths mapped a 62-square-mile region over 6 weeks; we classified 8376 assets into 23 sectors. Sectors with the most assets were food (n = 1214; 230/100 000 population), trade services (n = 1113; 211/100 000), and religious worship (n = 974;185/100 000). Several large, health-relevant sectors (2499 assets) were identified in the region but not specified in the IOM’s representation. Governmental public health, central to the IOM concept, had no physical presence in the region.

Conclusions. Local youths identified several thousand assets across a broad diversity of sectors that could partner in an intersectoral health system. Empirically informed iteration of the IOM concept will facilitate local translation and propagation.
Community Engagement Compared With Technical Assistance to Disseminate Depression Care Among Low-Income, Minority Women: A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Study
Authors: Ngo Victoria K. , Sherbourne Cathy , Chung Bowen , Tang Lingqi , Wright Aziza L. , Whittington Yolanda , Wells Kenneth , Miranda Jeanne
Published: August 2016

Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of a (CEP) versus a technical assistance approach (Resources for Services, or RS) to disseminate depression care for low-income ethnic minority women.

Methods. We conducted secondary analyses of intervention effects for largely low-income, minority women subsample (n = 595; 45.1% Latino and 45.4% African American) in a matched, clustered, randomized control trial conducted in 2 low-resource communities in Los Angeles, California, between 2010 and 2012. Outcomes assessed included mental health, socioeconomic factors, and service use at 6- and 12-month follow-up.

Results. Although we found no intervention difference for depressive symptoms, there were statistically significant effects for mental health quality of life, resiliency, homelessness risk, and financial difficulties at 6 months, as well as missed work days, self-efficacy, and care barriers at 12 months favoring CEP relative to RS. CEP increased use of outpatient substance abuse services and faith-based depression visits at 6 months.

Conclusions. Engaging health care and social community programs may offer modest improvements on key functional and socioeconomic outcomes, reduce care barriers, and increase engagement in alternative depression services for low-income, predominantly ethnic minority women.
Stand-Biased Versus Seated Classrooms and Childhood Obesity: A Randomized Experiment in Texas
Authors: Wendel Monica L. , Benden Mark E. , Zhao Hongwei , Jeffrey Christina
Published: August 2016

Objectives. To measure changes in body mass index (BMI) percentiles among third- and fourth-grade students in stand-biased classrooms and traditional seated classrooms in 3 Texas elementary schools.

Methods. Research staff recorded the height and weight of 380 students in 24 classrooms across the 3 schools at the beginning (2011–2012) and end (2012–2013) of the 2-year study.

Results. After adjustment for grade, race/ethnicity, and gender, there was a statistically significant decrease in BMI percentile in the group that used stand-biased desks for 2 consecutive years relative to the group that used standard desks during both years. Mean BMI increased by 0.1 and 0.4 kilograms per meter squared in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The between-group difference in BMI percentile change was 5.24 (SE = 2.50; P = .037). No other covariates had a statistically significant impact on BMI percentile changes.

Conclusions. Changing a classroom to a stand-biased environment had a significant effect on students’ BMI percentile, indicating the need to redesign traditional classroom environments.
Safety and Health Support for Home Care Workers: The COMPASS Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Olson Ryan , Thompson Sharon V. , Elliot Diane L. , Hess Jennifer A. , Rhoten Kristy Luther , Parker Kelsey N. , Wright Robert R. , Wipfli Brad , Bettencourt Katrina M. , Buckmaster Annie , Marino Miguel
Published: August 2016

Objectives. To determine the effectiveness of the COMmunity of Practice And Safety Support (COMPASS) Total Worker Health intervention for home care workers.

Methods. We randomized 16 clusters of workers (n = 149) to intervention or usual-practice control conditions. The 12-month intervention was scripted and peer-led, and involved education on safety, health, and well-being; goal setting and self-monitoring; and structured social support. We collected measures at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, which included workers’ experienced community of practice (i.e., people engaged in a common activity who interact regularly for shared learning and improvement). Implementation occurred during 2013 and 2014 in Oregon.

Results. In an intent-to-treat analysis, relative to control, the intervention produced significant and sustained improvements in workers’ experienced community of practice. Additional significant improvements included the use of ergonomic tools or techniques for physical work, safety communication with consumer–employers, hazard correction in homes, fruit and vegetable consumption, lost work days because of injury, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and grip strength. Consumer–employers’ reports of caregiver safety behaviors also significantly improved.

Conclusions. COMPASS was effective for improving home care workers’ social resources and simultaneously impacted both safety and health factors.
US Food Industry Progress During the National Salt Reduction Initiative: 2009–2014
Authors: Curtis Christine J. , Clapp Jenifer , Niederman Sarah A. , Ng Shu Wen , Angell Sonia Y.
Published: August 2016

Objectives. To assess the US packaged food industry’s progress from 2009 to 2014, when the National Salt Reduction Initiative had voluntary, category-specific sodium targets with the goal of reducing sodium in packaged and restaurant foods by 25% over 5 years.

Methods. Using the National Salt Reduction Initiative Packaged Food Database, we assessed target achievement and change in sales-weighted mean sodium density in top-selling products in 61 food categories in 2009 (n = 6336), 2012 (n = 6898), and 2014 (n = 7396).

Results. In 2009, when the targets were established, no categories met National Salt Reduction Initiative 2012 or 2014 targets. By 2014, 26% of categories met 2012 targets and 3% met 2014 targets. From 2009 to 2014, the sales-weighted mean sodium density declined significantly in almost half of all food categories (43%; 26/61 categories). Overall, sales-weighted mean sodium density declined significantly (by 6.8%; P < .001).

Conclusions. National target setting with monitoring through a partnership of local, state, and national health organizations proved feasible, but industry progress was modest.

Public Health Implications. The US Food and Drug Administration’s proposed voluntary targets will be an important step in achieving more substantial sodium reductions.
Formação continuada de diretores escolares: uma experiência fundamentada na pesquisa ação colaborativa
Authors: Leite Yoshie Ussami Ferrari , Lima Vanda Moreira Machado
Published: August 2016

O artigo resulta de pesquisa coletiva e visa refltir uma ação de formação continuada com diretores fundamentada na pesquisa ação colaborativa. Partiu da análise das representações sociais desses sujeitos sobre seu papel e suas difiuldades, coletadas por questionário. A ação de formação ocorreu em encontros mensais, por dois anos, privilegiando a voz dos diretores, suas difiuldades, seus saberes e suas práticas. Constatamos avaliação positiva da ação empreendida por priorizar reflxões do cotidiano escolar, da gestão educacional e do papel desses profisionais por uma escola de qualidade.
Gestão da aprendizagem em tempos de Ideb: percepções dos docentes
Authors: Vieira Sofia Lerche , Vidal Eloisa Maia , Nogueira Jaana Flavia Fernandes
Published: August 2016

Problematizando as repercussões em torno da divulgação dos resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) 2013, este artigo analisa as políticas de avaliação de larga escala, a gestão e o trabalho docente neste contexto. Visando compreender se e como os professores se posicionam face às difiuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos, são analisadas algumas respostas do Questionário do Professor dos 5º e 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental, integrante da Prova Brasil 2011. Considerações fiais buscam estabelecer nexos entre os tópicos tratados.
Repercussões das politicas educacionais na organização escolar: o fator tempo entre a autonomia e a regulação
Authors: Botler Alice Miriam Happ
Published: August 2016

O artigo aborda o conflto existente entre as políticas educacionais e sua implementação nas escolas, haja vista a contradição entre a autonomia outorgada e a regulação. Considera que a escola é uma organização formal, instituída e instituinte, e desenvolve comportamento organizacional e valorativo que revela seu projeto político-pedagógico com racionalidade própria. O estudo de caso de tipo etnográfio numa escola pública auxilia a entender como esta contradição emerge na prática. Observa-se que a falta de tempo para o diálogo opõe-se aos objetivos das metas educacionais, o que limita mas não elimina o potencial crítico-argumentativo necessário à sua auto-proposição e auto-regulação.
Desafios da gestão escolar: concepções e práticas
Authors: Werle Flávia Obino Corrêa , Botler Alice Happ , Azevedo Janete Maria Lins de
Published: August 2016

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Financiamento da educação e indicadores de qualidade: um estudo exploratório de seis municípios brasileiros
Authors: Gouveia Andréa Barbosa , Polena Andrea
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho refere-se a resultado parcial da pesquisa Qualidade no ensino fundamental: uma leitura das condições de efetividade dos sistemas estaduais e municipais de ensino a partir de indicadores de financiamento, condições de oferta e resultados escolares, financiada pela CAPES/INEP/Observatório da educação. O trabalho objetiva articular indicadores de desenvolvimento econômico e de desenvolvimento social e indicadores educacionais para problematizar as condições de qualidade de oferta educacional em seis municípios brasileiros localizados em três estados: Aracaju e Ilha das Flores, em Sergipe; Belo Horizonte e Cataguases, em Minas Gerais; Curitiba e Marmeleiro, no Paraná. Para analisar as condições de qualidade de ensino nas redes, utilizou-se o indicador Índice de Condições de Qualidade (ICQ) gerado a partir dos questionários de contexto da Prova Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam um cenário de crescimento dos recursos nos municípios, com reflexo no crescimento dos gastos por aluno ano; também evidenciam a manutenção de desigualdades de capacidade de investimento, que, contraditoriamente, não podem ser flagradas exclusivamente no movimento do ICQ.
Efeitos colaterais da meritocracia na educação: a rede municipal de educação de Foz do Iguaçu e o IDEB
Authors: Benitez Silvio , Souza Silvana Aparecida de
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste texto é fazer uma reflexão sobre os efeitos colaterais da implantação da meritocracia nas escolas municipais de Foz do Iguaçu. Como fonte utilizou-se o conteúdo de matérias jornalísticas publicadas na imprensa local, assim como os relatórios de uma Comissão Especial do IDEB criada pela Câmara Municipal. Conclui-se que as categorias delimitadas pela análise de Ravitch se fazem presentes também em Foz do Iguaçu, demonstrando que os sistemas de avaliação de larga escala provocam efeitos similares aos estudos da autora.
A fuga de cérebros em Portugal: hipóteses explicativas
Authors: Cerdeira Luísa , Cabrito Belmiro , Taylor Maria De Lourdes Machado , Gomes Rui
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma investigação em curso em Portugal sobre a emigração de portugueses altamente qualificados na última década. Nesse estudo, pioneiro em Portugal analisa-se: 1) quais são as modalidades e as características da fuga de cérebros em Portugal? 2) Quais as formas de articulação entre as diferentes modalidades do êxodo de competências português e o processo das migrações internacionais? 3) Quais as formas de articulação entre a fuga de cérebros e o crescente fluxo de mobilidade académica? 4) Quais são as principais causas do brain drain em Portugal na última década.
A consolidação do regime de cooperação e a criação de um sistema nacional de educação: da atualidade do manifesto dos pioneiros de 1932 ao novo plano nacional de educação
Authors: Cunha Célio Da , Limeira Luciana Cordeiro
Published: August 2016

A garantia e a efetivação do direito à educação, a organização de um Sistema Nacional de Educação e a criação de fundos para seu financiamento são temas muito recorrentes na análise contemporânea de políticas públicas. No entanto, tais temáticas já constavam no documento intitulado Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova de 1932. Com a Constituição Cidadã de 1988, o regime de cooperação foi instituído para garantir a distribuição de recursos financeiros aos entes federados como também entre eles, e, assim, efetivar direitos sociais. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões acerca da consolidação do regime de cooperação e sua repercussão no levantamento e no uso dos fundos contábeis para a educação e para a plena realização do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE).
O Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) para a educação básica: elementos para a construção assistência técnica e financeira da união aos estados e municípios brasileiros
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia Couto , Jesus Wellington Ferreira de
Published: August 2016

O artigo trata do Plano de Ações Articuladas como instrumento de planejamento e diagnóstico dos entes federados estaduais e municipais, utilizados para a assistência técnica e investimento financeiro do Governo Federal no atendimento a educação básica. Utilizou-se da análise documental para abordar o planejamento e a situação do financiamento para a Educação Básica. A análise das informações contribuiu para verificar os critérios da assistência técnica e financeira da União e avanços para implantação e monitoramento das ações para a Educação Básica.
Novos significados para educação profissional e tecnológica no instituto federal sul-rio-grandense: a política de criação dos institutos
Authors: Araujo Jair Jonko , Hypólito Álvaro Moreira
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho discute significados induzidos pela política oficial de criação dos Institutos Federais, seu acolhimento na documentação institucional e a produção de sentidos pelos gestores. A análise da documentação oficial do MEC e do IFSul e das entrevistas com os gestores é realizada aplicando-se os conceitos da Teoria do Discurso de Laclau. Conclui-se que há um complexo processo de acolhimento e rejeição de sentidos, que existe um mito de ensino consolidado na rede federal e que não há ainda políticas institucionais hegemônicas para pesquisa e extensão.
A educação especial no âmbito do planejamento orçamentário do município de Vitória, Espírito Santo
Authors: França Marileide Gonçalves
Published: August 2016

Este texto analisa a ação do Poder Público no provimento de recursos à educação especial no âmbito do planejamento orçamentário do município de Vitória, Espírito Santo, no período de 2008 a 2013. Entende o Estado como espaço público marcado pela correlação de forças entre classes que compõem a sociedade e participam da formulação de políticas públicas. Para tanto, realiza pesquisa documental e evidencia que a educação especial integrava o orçamento municipal. Contudo, os valores irrisórios previstos para essa modalidade estavam subdimensionados e/ou agregados às outras etapas de ensino.
Plano Municipal de Educação: elaboração, acompanhamento e avaliação no contexto do PAR
Authors: Neto Antônio Cabral , Castro Alda Maria Duarte Araujo , Garcia Luciane Terra dos Santos
Published: August 2016

O artigo discute o papel dos Planos Municipais de Educação (PME) na organização do Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE). Considera o Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) em municípios norte-rio-grandenses, na dimensão da gestão educacional. Utilizaram-se como procedimentos a análise documental e a revisão de literatura. Os resultados evidenciam que o PAR define a priori, o que deve ser executado pelo município, fragilizando a sua autonomia e a gestão democrática, mas vem contribuindo para consolidar práticas de planejamento. Em Mossoró e Natal, o PAR constituiu-se em referencial para o acompanhamento e avaliação dos PME já existentes, contribuindo, assim, para dinamização da construção do SNE.
O financiamento da educação a partir do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) em municípios paraenses: regime de colaboração?
Authors: Gutierres Dalva Valente , Rolim Rosana Gemaque
Published: August 2016

O artigo trata do financiamento da educação no contexto do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) nos municípios de Altamira, Barcarena, Belém, Cametá e Castanhal, de 2010 a 2014, na perspectiva de dimensionar a responsabilidade dos entes federativos na efetivação do regime de colaboração. Como procedimento metodológico, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental e os dados financeiros do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Educação (SIOPE) e do Portal do FNDE. As conclusões indicam que os recursos oriundos do PAR representam em média 2,5% das despesas com a função educação. Nesse aspecto, o regime de colaboração propagado se coaduna com a lógica que considera demandarem apenas planejamento e gestão os problemas relativos à qualidade da educação, mantendo-se as assimetrias na capacidade de provimento das políticas educacionais.
O Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação no contexto do novo desenvolvimentismo brasileiro
Authors: Freitas Cecília Carolina Simeão de , Silva Marcelo Soares Pereira da
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo se propõe discutir as bases da perspectiva do novo desenvolvimentismo que balizou as políticas públicas implementadas no Brasil no período de 2003 a 2010, ao mesmo tempo em que situou nesse contexto o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) e o planejamento educacional. A partir de uma revisão de literatura e cuidadosa análise dos documentos que orientam o PDE, evidencia como no se fez presente campo da educação uma matriz discursiva que, mais uma vez, afirmava o planejamento como estratégia vinculada ao modelo de desenvolvimento econômico em curso.
Políticas de accountability na educação básica brasileira: um estudo do pagamento de docentes por desempenho
Authors: Da Silva Andréia Ferreira
Published: August 2016

O artigo discute a implantação de políticas de accountability na educação básica brasileira. Estuda o estabelecimento de iniciativas de avaliação externa e de pagamento de professores por desempenho, as finalidades e formas que vêm assumindo nas políticas subnacionais, com destaque para as medidas adotadas na rede de ensino de Campina Grande. Fundamenta-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O estudo discute os limites de tais políticas e seus desdobramentos para a educação brasileira.O artigo discute a implantação de políticas de accountability na educação básica brasileira. Estuda o estabelecimento de iniciativas de avaliação externa e de pagamento de professores por desempenho, as finalidades e formas que vêm assumindo nas políticas subnacionais, com destaque para as medidas adotadas na rede de ensino de Campina Grande. Fundamenta-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O estudo discute os limites de tais políticas e seus desdobramentos para a educação brasileira.
As marcas da gestão democrática nas escolas portuguesas
Authors: Paschoalino Jussara Bueno de Queiroz , Fidalgo Fernando Selmar Rocha , Correia José Alberto De Azevedo e Vasconcelos , Ferreira Elisabete
Published: August 2016

Refletir sobre a gestão escolar na região do Porto – Portugal, na perspectiva de reconhecer suas marcas democráticas, constituiu uma tessitura complexa. A pesquisa qualitativa teve como procedimentos metodológicos as visitas a seis escolas de educação básica e a realização de entrevistas com seus respectivos diretores. Os achados evidenciaram as realidades singulares dessas escolas e também as ações similares no exercício da gestão democrática, pautadas nas normatizações legais, na situação geral do país e também nas atividades cotidianas dos diretores.
Custo Aluno Qualidade inicial, 10% do PIB e uma nova fonte de receita: novas perspectivas para o financiamento da educação básica?
Authors: Cavalcanti Cacilda Rodrigues
Published: August 2016

Resumo: O artigo apresenta as proposições, iniciativas e debates que tomaram corpo na última década no campo do financiamento da educação básica no Brasil. Combinando pesquisa documental e estatística descritiva, analisa os limites e as perspectivas desses novos arranjos para o alcance de um padrão de qualidade, em resposta ao cumprimento do direito à educação. Argumenta em favor da implantação do Custo Aluno Qualidade inicial e de uma maior participação da União para o alcance de um padrão mínimo de Qualidade.Palavras Chave Educação básica. Financiamento. Qualidade
Currículo e avaliação: os testes estandardizados
Authors: Guimarães Edilene Rocha , Morgado José Carlos
Published: August 2016

O trabalho realiza um estudo comparado entre o ensino secundário em Portugal e o ensino médio no Brasil. Com metodologia qualitativa e o recurso à análise documental, objetiva-se analisar a relação entre currículo e avaliação, para compreender como os testes estandardizados têm conformado o currículo. Nos resultados averiguamos se os exames nacionais, organizados na base de lógicas de estandardização e uniformização e cuja regulação obedece a uma agenda globalizada, contribuem para estreitar o currículo nacional do ensino secundário/médio, confinando-o a uma lista de conteúdos e competências.
Resolução Nº 2, de 13 de maio de 2016
Authors: MEC CNE/CES
Published: August 2016

Define as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial e Continuada em Nível Superior para Funcionários da Educação Básica.
Quality evaluation of yoghurt stabilized with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and taro (Colocassia esculenta) starch
Authors: Sameen Aysha , Khan Muhammad Issa , Sattar Muhammad Umair , Javid Asma , Ayub Aimen
Published: August 2016

Stabilizers are important component in manufactured products such as yoghurt. The addition of stabilizers improves body, texture, appearance, mouth feel and prevents technical defects such as synersis in yoghurts. In this study starch was extracted from plant sources (sweet potato, taro) with and without use of chemicals. Yoghurt was enriched with different levels of extracted starch. Yoghurt samples were analyzed for physicochemical and functional attributes such as pH, acidity, synersis, water holding capacity, viscosity, total solids and sensory profile. Use of chemically extracted starches at the level of 0.3-0.4% (Sweet potato) and 0.2-0.3% (Taro)   in yoghurt manufacturing showed better  results  in  terms  of  lowering synersis, increasing water holding capacity, viscosity and overall acceptability as compared to the yoghurt containing stabilizer i.e. gelatin 0.5% w/w. Use of starches did not significantly affect the sensory attributes. Yoghurt that contains sweet potato and taro starch at 0.5% gave excellent results for water holding capacity, viscosity and for all sensory attributes as compared to gelatin
Serum analyte levels in children: relationship with malnutrition
Authors: Samad Noreen , Jabeen Sadia , Liaqat Amna , Zulfiqar Iqra , Bano Rahat
Published: August 2016

Malnutrition is the cellular imbalancing among the supply of energy and nutrients which are essential for maintenance, growth and particular functions. It becomes a major cause of mortality of children less than five years of age. The aim of present study to evaluate the serum analytes such as electrolyte (sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca+)), creatinine and blood components in malnourished than healthy children. We had collected the data of 300 malnourished children (100 marasmus, 100 kwashiorkorand, 100 healthy children) with age 6-36 months from Children complex Hospital Multan, Pakistan. Data was analyzed by Paired sample t-test by SPSS software. Then socio-demographic data of their mothers was also collected. The result showed that level of Na+ and creatinine was high whereas, the levels of K+ and Ca+ were lower in both Marasmus and Kwashiorkor than control subjects. The levels of leukocytes, platelets and hemoglobin (Hb) were decreased in both diseases. Erythrocytes (RBCs) level was decreased in Marasmus while increased in Kwashiorkor. It is concluded that inadequate feeding practices, birth order, poverty, illiterate mothers, low nutritional quality of meals responsible for malnutrition. Feasible strategies are needed to address the dietary inadequacies and chronic malnutrition of rural infants.
Effect of changing climate on rice water requirement in Guilan, north of Iran
Authors: Hadinia Hossein , Pirmoradian Nader , Ashrafzadeh Afshin
Published: August 2016

In this study, the effectiveness of 15 global climate models (GCMs) for simulating weather data of Rasht synoptic station in the north of Iran was evaluated using a statistical downscaling approach. Downscaling of GCMs was performed using a stochastic weather generator model (LARS-WG5.5) and the best GCM (INCM3) was selected. The parameters such as precipitation, radiation, temperature and reference evapotranspiration were simulated using the selected GCMs for two periods of 2013–2042 and 2043–2072, and accordingly, the rice water requirement was estimated for the coming periods. Then, simulated results were compared with data in the baseline period (1981–2010). The results showed that reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for all the seasons will increase in the coming periods. The highest ETo increase (18.5–23.7 mm month–1) will occur in the spring. Also, the average rice water requirement will increase between 178 and 572 m3 ha–1 depending on the emission scenarios and future studied periods. The incremental changes in ETo and, consequently, in rice water requirement for the coming periods will occur as a result of the significant increase in temperature. The results of this study can be used by local planners as a correct view of water demand in the future.
O potencial formativo do Pibid pela perspectiva dos formadores de professores
Authors: Massena Elisa Prestes , Cunha Maria Isabel da
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho apresenta o potencial formativo a partir da experiência no Pibid, do ponto de vista de concepções e práticas, de formadores de professores atuantes no citado programa e em cursos de Licenciatura em Biologia, em Física e em Matemática, oriundos de três instituições de ensino superior do Sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove docentes. Os dados, analisados à luz da Análise Textual Discursiva, apontam para o fato de que a experiência no interior do Pibid auxilia a repensar o currículo dos cursos de licenciatura nessas instituições, aproximando os docentes da realidade escolar e possibilitando o aprofundamento de temáticas que impactam a formação dos licenciandos. O estudo sinaliza também que ainda não é clara, para os formadores, a relação entre as contribuições do programa e seu desenvolvimento profissional docente.
Misinterpretations of the HACCP MS 1480: 2007 towards Food Safety System Certification
Authors: Jali Mohd Bakri , Abdul Ghani Maaruf , Md Nor Norazmir
Published: August 2016

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a food safety system through seven principles to control a biological, chemical and physical hazard. Principles 1 and 2 are the backbones of the HACCP system. However, there are some misinterpretations in practice HACCP Principles 1 and 2 of the identification stage, analysis of hazards, control measures and CCP determination. The usage of a multi-hazard analysis form without a standard format has led to inconsistencies in the analysis of hazard analysis; determination of controls and subsequent determination of CCP affect the implementation of HACCP document and product safety to the consumers.
Spatial and Sociocultural Aspects of Urban Mosque Open Spaces in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A mixed-method approach
Authors: Nizarudin Norhanis Diyana
Published: August 2016

This paper highlights the application of mixed-method in discovering different perspectives of socio-culture, spatial interactions and behaviours, as well as activities of the multicultural community at selected urban mosque open spaces as part of civic open spaces in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Through systematic observation with behaviour mapping, and focus group discussions, the value of this research lies in representing the urban mosque open spaces as a civic space in enhancing the socio-cultural integration in the society and improving the quality of urban life.
Physical Environmental Quality and Urban Design Education in Palestine and Turkey
Authors: Cubukcu Ebru , Salameh Fahmi
Published: August 2016

Urban designers fail to design high quality environments either because of economical constraints or educational limitation. This study aims to compare physical environmental quality and education system in two countries, Palestine and Turkey. The quantity of design education departments in each country, the course contents in each department, the quantity and profession of instructors in each department, presence of a course related to environment and behaviour studies or design theories were compared. What needs to be improved in design education to create better environments is discussed as well as the directions for future studies.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Urban design, environmental aesthetics, environmental quality
Insights into the adoption of green construction in Malaysia: The drivers and challenges
Authors: Mohamad Bohari Asmah Alia , Skitmore Martin , Xia Bo , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: August 2016

The construction sector is an essential in providing physical development for nations to cater to the demand for infrastructures such as education, housing, and manufacturing. However, the adverse impact of the building sector on the environment has triggered a growing awareness of the sustainable approach. Green construction is becoming expected in every construction project, and Malaysia is developing a national pathway to sustainable construction. After a comprehensive literature review, this research used semi-structured face-to-face interviews with industry experts to explore the current practices. In the Malaysian context, the compliance with government policy and industry guidelines has been the primary push factors to deliver green projects. The most common barrier faced was the low level of knowledge and awareness of project stakeholders. This paper helps provide a basis for future research and increase stakeholder awareness of green construction in the Malaysian construction industry and beyond.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Green Building; Green construction, Drivers, Barriers.
Impact of Dining Café Atmospherics on Youth Behavioural Intention
Authors: Nur Abdul Jalil Aina
Published: August 2016

This study aims to investigate the impact of café atmospherics on Malaysian youth behavioural intention. The findings from the study indicate: (1) The youth preferences of store atmosphere in cafes include five factors, specifically, lighting, facility aesthetic, employee factor, ambient intelligent and music; (2) Cafe atmospheric (lighting, facility aesthetic, employee factor, ambient intelligent and music) factors have significant positive correlation with youth approach behaviours. As a conclusion, this study is important to the foodservice operators to understand the youth intention to revisit a café. The paper concludes with the implications for academic researchers and marketing practitioners.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Atmospheric; Youth; Behavioural Intention; Malaysia.
Characteristics of Autism Center in Malaysia
Authors: Fikry Amily , Hassan Hamizah
Published: August 2016

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of mental developmental disabilities; with one out of 625 Malaysian children has autism. Noting that, the existence of center that provides varieties of treatments is crucial to reduce numerous aberrant behaviors of children with Autism. This paper aims to explore the characteristics of autism centers in Malaysia. Based on phone interviews conducted with the staff of 22 Autism centers, it was found that majority of Autism centers in Malaysia requires children to undergo a diagnostic test, offered a combination of classes and charged classes fees in the range of RM356 to RM 600 per month.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Autism; Malaysia; center; characteristic
Revitalization of Ottoman Industrial Heritage in Kemeraltı and Izmir History Project
Authors: Egercioglu Yakup , Kaplan Caglayan Deniz
Published: August 2016

In this study, conservation and renovation proposals for Hamdi Dalan Soap Factory, where industrial production was carried out at various times especially after the Industrial Revolution, have been developed within the scope of integrating it with its built environment, settlement identity and public/social life. The building is located in Izmir Historical Kemeraltı zone and due to the technological developments of the later period and production oriented economic policies, has lost its function and has been abandoned. This paper aims to discuss a process of participation, implemented and intended works whose pros and cons will be determined. To achieve this, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality has carried out a multidisciplinary "Izmir History Project".© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Revitalization; Izmir History Project; Hamdi Dalan Soap Factory; TARKEM
Flexible Schools? A Review of School Design in Scotland
Authors: Nik Azhari Nik Farhanah , McLachlan Fiona
Published: August 2016

Flexible is a common term used in the built environment, especially relating to current and future design. However, individuals will define the term in different ways in relation to their context. In school design, there are various interpretations and applications of ‘flexible’ terminology. The objective of this paper is to scrutinize the term flexible by reviewing its application primarily in Scottish Government publications relating to school design. This paper aims to generate constructive reflection for those involved in school design, directly and indirectly, so they can respond effectively to the question: What does ‘flexible’ mean in a school design context?
Historia i pamięć w biblijno-liturgicznym przekazie katechetycznym w koncepcji Sofii Cavalletti
Authors: Surma Barbara
Published: August 2016

Głównym zagadnieniem poruszanym w przedstawianym tekście jest koncepcja wychowania religijnego opracowanego przez Sofię Cavalletti, która ściśle wiąże się z przekazem historii oraz wychowuje do zrozumienia, czym jest pamięć w znaczeniu liturgicznym. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie w zarysie teoretycznych podstaw Katechezy Dobrego Pasterza realizowanej na drugim i trzecim poziomie nauczania (dzieci od szóstego do dwunastego roku życia), opartej na metodzie znaku, wprowadzającej w historię i pamięć Narodu Wybranego. W pierwszej kolejności uzasadniony został wybór metody znaku w kontekście rozumienia historii w tradycji judeochrześcijańskiej oraz przekazu biblijno-liturgicznego. Katecheza Dobrego Pasterza w swym teoretycznym i praktycznym przesłaniu pozwala na zrozumienie historii w wymiarze czasu przeszłego – pamiątka i w antycypacji czasu przyszłego – oczekiwanie na paruzję, które dokonują się „tu i teraz”.
Implikacje dialogu – studium na temat spotkania Jetro i Mojżesza
Authors: Walkowiak Katarzyna Kinga
Published: August 2016

Perykopa dotycząca spotkania Jetro z Mojżeszem (Wj 18, 1–27) dostarcza wiele intere­sujących wniosków na temat natury dialogu międzyreligijnego. Korzystając z biblijnej egzegezy, analizy literackiej, a także z komentarzy rabinów, podjęto w artykule zadanie zbadania charakteru i konsekwencji dialogu. Uznając spotkanie kapłana madianickiego i Mojżesza za „moment dialogiczny”, szczególnie podkreślono znaczenie wymiany darów w procesie omawianego dialogu. Aby ów dialog mógł się dokonać, Jetro najpierw usłyszał i wyruszył na pustynię, a z kolei Mojżesz wyszedł naprzeciw swego teścia i opowiedział, co Bóg uczynił z Izraelem. Owocem tego dialogu okazało się złożenie ofiary całopalnej przez kapłana Jetro, udział w kulcie na cześć Boga JHWH. Dokonująca się w ten sposób wymiana darów przyczyniła się do rozwoju życia wiary osób dialogujących. Dialog Jetro i Mojżesza nacechowany zaufaniem, szacunkiem i pokornym przyjęciem dobrej rady może stać się wzorem czy też ikoną dla każdego dialogu międzyreligijnego i ekumenicznego.
Prevalence of Barriers and Facilitators to Enhancing Conservative Kidney Management for Older Adults in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Tam-Tham Helen , King-Shier Kathryn M. , Thomas Chandra M. , Quinn Robert R. , Fruetel Karen , Davison Sara N. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R.
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives

Conservative management of adults with stage 5 CKD (eGFR<15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) is increasingly being provided in the primary care setting. We aimed to examine perceived barriers and facilitators for conservative management of older adults by primary care physicians.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In 2015, we conducted a cross–sectional, population–based survey of all primary care physicians in Alberta, Canada. Eligible participants had experience caring for adults ages ≥75 years old with stage 5 CKD not planning on initiating dialysis. Questionnaire items were on the basis of a qualitative descriptive study informed by the Behavior Change Wheel and tested for face and content validity. Physicians were contacted via postal mail and/or fax on the basis of a modified Dillman method.

Results

Four hundred nine eligible primary care physicians completed the questionnaire (9.6% response rate). The majority of respondents were men (61.6%), were ages 40–60 years old (62.6%), and practiced in a large/medium population center (68.0%). The most common barrier to providing conservative care in the primary care setting was the inability to access support to maintain patients in the home setting (39.1% of respondents; 95% confidence interval, 34.6% to 43.6%). The second most common barrier was working with nonphysician providers with limited kidney–specific clinical expertise (32.3%; 95% confidence interval, 28.0% to 36.7%). Primary care physicians indicated that the two most common strategies that would enhance their ability to provide conservative management would be the ability to use the telephone to contact a nephrologist or clinical staff from the conservative care clinic (86.9%; 95% confidence interval, 83.7% to 90.0% and 85.6%; 95% confidence interval, 82.4% to 88.9%, respectively).

Conclusions

We identified important areas to inform clinical programs to reduce barriers and enhance facilitators to improve primary care physicians’ provision of conservative kidney care. In particular, primary care physicians require additional resources for maintaining patients in their home and telephone access to nephrologists and conservative care specialists.
Study of Non-Local Chamber of Commerce: Retrospect, Review and Prospect
Authors: Xie Shunlong , Bo Lin , Zhang Jialiang
Published: August 2016

As one form of the Chamber of Commerce, non-local Chamber of Commerce plays an important role in social economy, and related research has made great achievements, while lacking systematic summary and comment at the same time. Based on the review of previous studies, this paper systematically reviews and comments on the results of non-local Chamber of Commerce, including its definition, foundations of its rising, the function positioning, the governance mechanism and the defects of management, recognizes the existing problems, makes up for the shortage, and puts forward suggestions for future research.