bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Historical Look at Psychology and the Scientist-Practitioner Model
Authors: Petersen Christine A.
Published: January 2007

This article will discuss the historical landmarks in the development of the field of psychology. Following World War II, there was an increased need for professional psychologists in the public sector. Professional psychology was poised to become an important force in graduate education and within the newly organized American Psychological Association. Questions were raised regarding the training of these psychologists, and David Shakow chaired a committee whose task was to formulate a recommended training program in clinical psychology and formulate standards for institutions offering such programs. The Boulder conference was held in 1949 to discuss the development of professional psychology. One of the most important outcomes of this meeting was the recommendation made that psychologists be trained with an equal emphasis in research and practice.
Components Necessary for the Preparation of the Scientist-Practitioner
Authors: Tanner Phillip L. , Danielson Meagan L.
Published: January 2007

Since the inception of the Boulder model, psychology training programs have attempted to create professionals devoted to using their interlocking skills of scientific investigation and professional practice. To achieve this end, programs have incorporated many components into their training paradigms. A key component for the training of future scientist-practitioners appears to be a steady stream of information, practical examples, and direct experiences pertaining to the integration of science and practice in all aspects of a training framework. This article outlines some of the components considered necessary to effectively train students who are committed to integrating research with practice.
Is the Scientist-Practitioner Model Viable for School Psychology Practice?
Authors: Huber Dawn Renee
Published: January 2007

This article discusses the scientist-practitioner model in relation to the profession of school psychology. Currently, the scientist role is overwhelmingly neglected in school psychology practice. However, the scientist-practitioner model holds much promise for restoring and stimulating the empirical practice of school psychology. The scientist-practitioner model can provide a viable framework for school psychology practice by focusing on empirical evidence, incorporating a systemic, constructivism-contextualism viewpoint of knowledge with an outcomes-oriented and problem-solving approach to research. School psychology training programs should be committed to training students in their dedication to research and the development of new professional knowledge and skills. The scientist-practitioner model also enhances professional accountability because objective criteria is utilized and ongoing data is collected to indicate student progress in relation to the established criteria. In addition, the scientist-practitioner model is consistent with the zeitgeist of school psychology reform, which urges for a data-based outcomes orientation for service provision.
Analysis of the Effects of Gender and Doctoral Program Emphasis on Scientist and Practitioner Interests
Authors: Martin William E. , Gavin Megan , Baker Erika , Bridgmon Krista
Published: January 2007

The impact of gender and the interaction effect of gender and doctoral program specialty (counseling psychology, school psychology, and educational psychology) on scientist and practitioner interests are assessed in this study. The sample consists of 153 doctoral students admitted to a doctorate of education program in a department of educational psychology from 1991 to 2004. The Scientist-Practitioner Inventory was group administered to students. There were between-group differences in practitioner interests and within-group differences between scientist and practitioner interests among students in three discipline areas within the same department. Faculty need to evaluate their attitudes and expectations toward promoting a scientist-practitioner model and students need to be fully informed about the philosophy, student expectations, and curriculum that relates to a scientist-practitioner oriented program.
A Pilot Study Examining the Longer Term Stability of the Scientist-Practitioner Model of Training
Authors: Horn Robert A. , McGowan Mark R. , Mitchell Daniel R. , Mellott Ramona N. , Lilly Kristen , Martinez Lori
Published: January 2007

This study adds to the growing body of research on scientist and practitioner interests by empirically examining temporal stability as a function of experiences gained through the successful completion of a doctoral-level scientist-practitioner model-based training program in school or counseling psychology. Twenty-six participants, who completed the paper- and-pencil version of the Scientist Practitioner Inventory between 1996 and 2002 at the beginning of their doctoral program, recently completed an online version of the same inventory to measure their preinterest and postinterest in scientist and practitioner domains. At the pretesting and posttesting stages, school and counseling psychology students differed significantly in terms of practitioner interests. For the combined groups, pretesting and posttesting revealed a significant decrease for the scientist domain but not for the practitioner domain. No significant change occurred between preinterests and postinterests for individuals in the scientist or practitioner domains for school psychology or counseling psychology majors when tested separately. Findings from this study support the notion that scientist and practitioner interests are fairly stable over time and across experiences gained through training and professional roles.
Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) - College Version: Validation and Application in a Greek Sample
Authors: Delistamati Evangelia , Samakouri Maria A. , Davis Elizabeth Anne , Vorvolakos Theofanis , Xenitidis Kiriakos , Livaditis Miltos
Published: January 2007

Objectives: a) To validate the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) - college version in a Greek population sample and b) To test the hypothesis that students scoring high on the ISEL present stronger resistance to stressful experiences and fewer psychological or physical problems.

Design: Rating scale assessment and analytical cross-sectional study.

Method: The ISEL was translated into Greek and then back-translated into English. A random sample of 145 students of the Faculty of Medicine completed: a) the translated version of the ISEL, b) the Symptom Check List 90-R (SCL-90-R), c) the Scale of Stressful Life Events (SSLE) and d) a questionnaire about physical health problems. Comparisons were conducted between the scores on the ISEL and the scores on the other measures. Correlations were also calculated between the scores on the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90-R and SSLE, separately for students with high, fair and low social support, in order to assess the protective role of social support. The test-retest reliability and the internal consistency of the ISEL were also investigated.

Results: The students with a lower score in social support reported more psychological and somatic symptoms. The students with a higher score in social support were protected against the harmful effect of stressful events. The ISEL presents good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.452-0.752) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC): 0.631-0.847).

Conclusions: The ISEL is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring social support among Greek students. A higher score on the ISEL is correlated with a significant stress-buffering effect.
Analyzing Ghanaian Emotions Through Narrative: A Textual Analysis of Ama Ata Aidoo’s Novel Changes
Authors: Dzokoto Vivian , Adams Glenn
Published: January 2007

Contemporary African emotional expression is a cultural artifact that has encoded within it the story of colonial and postcolonial history. Through an analysis of Ama Ata Aidoo’s award-winning novel Changes, this article explores how emotions are expressed in contemporary Ghanaian literature. From literal translations of indigenous languages and culturally specific nonverbal communication to Western expressions and locally created neologisms, the contemporary Ghanaian text Changes offers a glimpse into the unique world of Ghanaian emotions—a world that is an interesting mix of the indigenous, Westernization, and time.
Discrimination, Attributional Tendencies, Generalized Self-Efficacy, and Assertiveness as Predictors of Psychological Distress Among African Americans
Authors: Lightsey Owen Richard , Barnes Peter W.
Published: January 2007

This study tested whether perceived past racial discrimination and a tendency to attribute negative outcomes across varied life situations to racial prejudice or discrimination (TAND) predicted unique variance in psychological distress among 195 African American college students. The authors also examined whether generalized self-efficacy and assertiveness uniquely predicted distress and moderated hypothesized TAND distress and past discrimination-distress relationships. Both generalized self-efficacy and assertiveness inversely predicted distress, accounting together for about 12% of the variance in distress. Past discrimination and age also inversely predicted distress, together accounting for about 14% of the variance. Assertiveness partly mediated the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and psychological distress. These results suggest that counselors can help reduce African American clients’ psychological distress by augmenting their general self-efficacy and assertiveness.
Union Democracy and Shopfloor Mobilization: Social Movement Unionism in South African Auto and Clothing Plants
Authors: Hirschsohn Philip
Published: January 2007

Social movement unionism emerged in the democratic struggle against authoritarian states in South Africa and other developing countries and is increasingly promoted to revive unions in advanced industrialized societies. The article tests a model of the underlying conceptual foundations of support for social movement unionism using survey data from interviews with members in South African auto and clothing plants. Despite the demobilizing effects of the country's transition to democracy, union democracy and member participation are found to persist on the shopfloor. The article partially counters the ‘democratic rupture’ thesis as worker control remains effective over annual industry-level bargaining, although weaker over political and industrial policy issues.
Quality of Life of Older Adults in Canada and Brazil
Authors: Paskulin Lisiane M. Girardi , Molzahn Anita
Published: January 2007

In this study, we examined the factors contributing to quality of life (QOL) of older adults in regions of Canada and Brazil. The WHOQOL-BREF and a demographic data sheet were administered to random samples of 202 older adults from Canada and 288 from Brazil. Ratings on overall QOL and on the physical, psychological, and environmental domains were higher in the Canadian sample. Social domain scores were not significantly different. The authors found the same pattern of factors (health satisfaction, enough money, meaning in life, and opportunities for leisure activities) contributed to the variance of QOL in both countries, except for physical environment, which was significant in Brazil and not in Canada. Health satisfaction was the strongest contributor to QOL in both samples, and satisfaction with personal relationships was not significant in either country.
Field Notes and Theoretical Memos in Grounded Theory
Authors: Montgomery P. , Bailey P. H.
Published: January 2007

In this article the authors expose some of the mystique surrounding field notes and theoretical memos in a Glaserian grounded theory study. Definitions, types, and content of field notes and theoretical memos are presented. Exemplars from a study of mothers living with serious mental illness are provided to illustrate how these forms of documentation evolved during the course of the study. The authors argue that, although the processes of field noting and memoing may blur as a study progresses, they nevertheless retain their independent functions. The authors contend that without understanding the complementary function of these two types of documentation, data cannot evolve to a higher interpretive level. This article contributes specific ideas for improving the methods used by qualitative nurse researchers.
Adherence to a Behavioral Program to Prevent Incontinence
Authors: Hines Sandra H. , Seng Julia S. , Messer Kassandra L. , Raghunathan T. E. , Diokno Ananias C. , Sampselle Carolyn M.
Published: January 2007

This exploratory study assesses factors predicting adherence to a behavioral intervention to prevent urinary incontinence. Community-dwelling, post-menopausal women (N = 164) were taught pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and bladder training (BT) and followed with surveys for 1 year. Content analysis of open-ended responses coded descriptions of approaches participants used to incorporate PFMT into daily life. Exploratory bivariate and logistic regression analyses determined predictors of approach used and adherence. Results indicate women incorporated PFMT into their lives using either a routine or ad hoc approach. Those using a routine approach at 3 months were 12 times more likely to adhere (odds ratio [OR] = 12.4, confidence interval [CI] = 4.0-38.8, p < .001) at a high level at 3 months and significantly more likely to maintain that level 12 months post-intervention (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.2-6.0, p < .014). Practicing BT was related to high adherence.
Balancing the Needs of the Scientist and the Subject in Trauma Research
Authors: McClain Natalie , Laughon Kathryn , Steeves Richard , Parker Barbara
Published: January 2007

All participants in research are vulnerable to some extent. Survivors of trauma are often sought as participants for research studies and may be at an increased risk of emotional or psychological distress as a result of research participation. Scientists need to pay careful attention to issues of informed consent and the potential harm and benefits from research participation. This article explores challenges of selecting a sample, informed consent, and study continuation when conducting research with survivors of trauma.
Picoliter Wells from Selective Growth of HEK293 Cells on Chemically Modified PDMS Surfaces
Authors: Diaz-Quijada Gerardo A. , Farrahi Shirin , Clarke Jennifer , Tonary Angela M. , Pezacki John Paul
Published: January 2007

In this study, a method for the rapid generation of a variety of bifunctional surfaces that can serve to quickly determine the selective adhesion of HEK293 cells towards different chemical functionalities has been established. Using the information about selective adhesion of HEK293 cells to bifunctional surfaces, we demonstrate the ability to construct stable, high density, and multi-welled surfaces where the mammalian cells form the walls of picoliter volume wells.
Synthesis and In vitro Bioactivity of Bredigite Powders
Authors: Wu Chengtie , Chang Jiang
Published: January 2007

Pure bredigite (Ca7MgSi4O16) powders are synthesized by the sol-gel method. The bredigite powders are composed of polycrystalline particles with dimensions of 1-10μm. The in vitro bioactivity of the bredigite powders are examined by evaluation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the effect of ionic products from bredigite dissolution on osteoblast proliferation. The results showed that bredigite induced the formation of nanocrystalline HAp after soaking in SBF for 10 days. The Ca, Si, and Mg ions from bredigite dissolution at a certain concentration range stimulates osteoblast proliferation. Our study indicates that bredigite is bioactive and might be used for preparation of new biomaterials.
Substitution of Osteoporotic Alveolar Bone by Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide Biomaterials
Authors: Ajduković Zorica , Ignjatović Nenad , Petrović Dragan , Uskoković Dragan
Published: January 2007

Lost bone tissue due to osteoporosis makes dentistry very difficult. The aim of thisstudy is to reconstruct the bone tissue with composite biomaterials and to estimate the optical density and alveolar ridge height of the mandible. Research is conducted on 30 postmenopausal women aged from 46 to 62 years, with diagnosed osteoporosis and defects in alveolar bones caused by extraction of paradontopathic teeth, enucleation of cysts and periapical changes, extraction of impacted teeth,or by trauma.Biphasic calcium phosphate/poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (BCP/PLGA) composite is implanted into the defects of alveolar bones. Six weeks after implantation of BCP/PLGA, the alveolar bone density in the region of premolars on the experimental side of the jaw is found to be lower than that on the untreated, control, side of the jaw. On thecontrary, 24 weeks after implantation, it is significantly higher compared with the density of the control side. A significant increase in optical density of alveolar bones in the region of premolars on the experimental side compared with the control one is noticed. These results indicate a high level of osteoregeneration and osteoblast activity. Synthetic BCP/PLGA composite belongs to the group of biomaterials, which facilitate formation of new bones and rehabilitation of alveolar bones weakened by osteoporosis. Because of its osteoconductive characteristics, BCP/PLGA composite is supposed to be the material of choice for replacement of bone tissue in the future.
Building Positive Body Image Among College Athletes: A Socially Responsible Approach
Authors: Rudd Nancy Ann , Carter Jennifer
Published: January 2007

College athletes are at risk of developing disordered eating and other distorted behavioral patterns, often because of aesthetic and performance demands of their sports. Gender, links between weight/body fat and performance, athletic body stereotypes, and type of sport all contribute to such demands. There have been studies of body image and behaviors among elite and college athletes, yet no comprehensive study exists of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes in a wide range of sports. This article reports the results of a baseline study of more than 1,200 athletes in 34 sports and ways in which the university Body Image and Health Task Force has collaborated with the Department of Athletics in addressing perceptions and behaviors among athletes. The authors believe this socially responsible collaboration is one approach to creating social change.
Hidden change: disaggregation of welfare state regimes for greater insight into welfare state change
Authors: Bannink Duco , Hoogenboom Marcel
Published: January 2007

In this article, we propose a method for the disaggregation of welfare state regimes that enhances our insight into innovative welfare state change; that is, change beyond the borders of regime logic. Welfare states, we argue, are composed of different approaches to various social risks, and the approach to each social risk is often ‘hybrid’: it consists of various types of arrangements. It is no coincidence that risk approaches, and consequently welfare states, are often hybrid entities. We argue that a singular approach to a social risk creates a social residue that may evoke social pressure which can in turn be diminished by hybridizing the arrangement; that is, changing allocation rules to include new social groups or to cover previously uncovered needs. In itself, however, a hybrid arrangement is unstable. This is why hybridization may be followed by either a return to a singular risk approach so that social pressure re-emerges, or by the establishment of a new, additional arrangement so that a hybrid risk approach emerges. This is innovative change. We do not argue that innovative change inevitably occurs. Change requires that groups facing residues are able to employ sufficient power resources. However, some level of autonomous institutional welfare state change is to be expected as an outcome of the continuous creation of residues.
‘Old’ and ‘new’ politics of time to care: three Norwegian reforms
Authors: Ellingsæter Anne Lise
Published: January 2007

The social revolutions connected to postindustrialism are altering the landscape of social politics, affecting both the content and normative justification of policy reform. The changing ideational foundation of care policy is addressed in this case-study of Norway. The study examines the policy rationales of three major reforms in the 1990s concerning parents’ rights to time to care, by drawing on policy documents and parliamentary debates. A conceptual ‘trichotomy’ of key policy rationales - equality, recognition and choice - informs the empirical analysis. Analysed in context, the three reforms illustrate the multifaceted blend of ‘old’ and ‘new’ policy justifications, expanding the ‘political grammar’ of care policies.
Social Geometry and Force: A Partial Test of Black’s Theory of Law With Mexican, U.S., and Venezuelan Police
Authors: Norris Michael , Birkbeck Christopher , Gabaldón Luis Gerardo
Published: January 2007

Donald Black’s “pure sociology,” first set out in his Behavior of Law in 1976, is probably cited more frequently than any other theoretical perspective by researchers studying the use of force by the police. However, his hypotheses have never been systematically tested in relation to this phenomenon. This article reports a partial test of Black’s theory focusing on the role of stratification in explaining police behavior. Officers in one Mexican, one U.S., and three Venezuelan police departments completed a survey in which vignettes were used to elicit dispositions to employ force in encounters with highor low-status citizens who were described in varying confrontational stances. The results did not provide support for Black’s hypotheses concerning stratification and the behavior of law; rather, the key predictor of officers’ disposition to use force was the citizen’s behavior in the encounter. This latter variable merits theoretical attention.
The Five-Year Resume: A Career Planning Exercise
Authors: Laker Dennis R. , Laker Ruth
Published: January 2007

For most college students, lack of career planning wastes time and resources and may result in years of “career drift.” Lack of planning can also lead to deception once students begin seeking career-related employment. Faced with a competitive job market, some students inflate and exaggerate their resumes. The five-year resume exercise helps students avoid these difficulties by developing a future orientation toward their career goals. Students create the resumes they would like to have in five years. This exercise encourages both self-management and proactiveness. The exercise, sample questions, and a template are provided. Illustrations of student feedback, benefits, and suggestions for faculty are presented.
Makin' It, by Keeping It Real: Street Talk, Rap Music, and the Forgotten Entrepreneurship From “the ’Hood”
Authors: Sköld David , Rehn Alf
Published: January 2007

This article deals with rap music and with two distinct discourses in which rap artists habitually engage. It also deals with the way that one, in these, can find a dialectic between the special and the mundane, between succeeding—makin' it—and remaining loyal to the values of your community or culture—keeping it real. Furthermore, it deals with how the rap star Shawn “Jay-Z” Carter handles this dialectic, positing entrepreneurship as both a politics and an ethic, and how we, by reading his lyrics, are led to some forgotten localities in academic research—the disenfranchised, urban, marginalized, entrepreneurial “’hood.”
Ethics in Health Care: Implications for Education and Practice
Authors: Weinstein Marcie , Nesbitt Jessica
Published: January 2007

Facing an ethical dilemma in the health care setting can unfortunately be all too familiar. The ways in which a practitioner approaches ethical problem resolution are derived from many sources—including professional codes of ethics, personal values and morals, and employer influences. Pressures resulting from a business-oriented approach to health care delivery are common and can seriously affect patient safety and employee satisfaction. Essential ingredients for a principled approach, especially in the face of forces working against ethical behavior, are discussed, and implications for appropriate elements in ethics education addressed. This framework for thinking about ethical behavior recognizes and reviews the relationship between ethics and quality of health care.
Sex, Gender and Health
Authors: Lagro-Janssen Toine
Published: January 2007

The feminist movement was from its start in the 19th century involved in the struggle for better health care for women. The first feminists aimed at better information on birth control and sexuality. The second feminist wave focused on the unequal division of power roles between men and women. A lot of the problems women experienced could be seen as a consequence of their subordinate role in society. At the end of the 1980s and in the 1990s, the discipline women and health or women and medicine was developed. In this introduction to the theme, the developments in this discipline are described. The starting points of the new discipline followed the principles of ‘women’s health care’. These principles can be summarized as the emphasis on control and autonomy by the patient, demedicalization, the importance of the psychosocial context of complaints, empowerment of women and good information and communication. The central issue of the article is: what is the actual scientific state of the art and what important changes have been made on the subject gender and health? The article ends with ideas for future research.
Indifference, Demandingness and Resignation Regarding Support for Childrearing
Authors: Maroto-Navarro Gracia , Castaño-López Esther , del Mar García-Calvente María
Published: January 2007

This article explores the maternal experiences of a heterogeneous group of 26 mothers from Granada (Andalusia, Spain). The aim is to analyse the needs and demands that these women express with regard to childrearing, using a qualitative methodology. The authors conducted in-depth interviews and analysed the discourses of the mothers following the hermeneutical method. The variables used for sample selection and the themes that emerged during the interviews revealed that the discourses of the mothers revolve around three dimensions: indifference, demands and resignation regarding support for childrearing. The lack of paternal involvement in childrearing appears as a transversal dimension. This article shows that the material conditions of existence marked the differences in the responses of the women regarding support for childrearing, while the sexual division of labour and gender inequalities unified their discourses.
Familial clustering of multiple sclerosis in a Dutch genetic isolate
Authors: Hoppenbrouwers I A , Cortes LM Pardo , Aulchenko Y S , Sintnicolaas K , Njajou O , Snijders P JLM , Oostra B A , van Duijn C M , Hintzen R Q
Published: January 2007

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with a substantial, yet poorly identified, genetic influence. We estimated the pattern of familial aggregation of MS in a recent genetically isolated population in the Netherlands. Forty-eight MS patients were identified. Their relationship was evaluated by tracing extended pedigrees, making use of municipal and church records. Of the 48 MS patients, 24 could be linked to a common ancestor in 14 generations. However, multiple relationships exist between patients and, to take these into account, we calculated inbreeding and kinship coefficients. We found that MS patients from the isolate were significantly more often related to each other and significantly more often inbred than a non-MS control group, drawn from the same isolate. There was no clustering of Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases in families of MS patients from this isolate. Finally, HLA typing was performed. Although there was a trend towards a higher prevalence of the HLA DRB1*15 allele in patients compared to controls, differences did not reach significance. This study suggests familial aggregation in the genetically isolated population. The high level of inbreeding makes this population valuable for finding novel genes involved in MS.
An investigation into the perceived level of personal subject knowledge and competence of a group of pre-service physical education teachers towards the teaching of secondary school gymnastics
Authors: Sloan Stephen
Published: January 2007

The future of physical education (PE) depends on the quality of emerging committed professionals and their ability to teach across the different activity areas contained within the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE). It is a role that requires extensive subject knowledge and perceived competence in the ability to use it effectively. Subject knowledge is identified as one of the professional standards to be met by students seeking the award of Qualified Teacher Status (QTS). It is, however, an area frequently highlighted by students as the main source of concern throughout the process of Initial Teacher Training (ITT). This in turn can affect students' perceived confidence and competence to teach certain activities. One of the activity areas constantly highlighted as causing concern among pre-service PE teachers is gymnastics. This is often attributed to the fact that many trainees enter ITT with an impoverished background in this area. The purpose of the study was to examine the perceived level of personal subject knowledge and competence to teach gymnastics among trainees completing the School Based Experience (SBE) sections of a one-year secondary Post-Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) PE course.
Physical education and moral development: An intervention programme to promote moral reasoning through physical education in high school students
Authors: Mouratidou Katerina , Goutza Stavroula , Chatzopoulos Dimitrios
Published: January 2007

Moral development is one of the goals of physical education (PE). However, few programmes have been implemented to investigate how moral development is promoted in PE settings. This study was designed in order to explore the effective ness of a six-week specially designed moral development intervention in the PE domain in high school students, and to examine whether moral reasoning differs between males and females. The intervention's design was based on the creation of a task-orientated motivation climate and on reciprocal teaching style. The sample ( n= 157) was assigned to control ( n= 80) and experimental ( n= 77) groups. At the beginning and end of the intervention the Moral Judgment Test was applied. The results revealed that the experimental group exhibited statistically greater moral reasoning after the intervention compared to the control group; however, no significant gender differences were found. These findings indicate that an appropriate design of PE could support moral development.
Swoosh identity: recontextualizations in Haiti and Romania
Authors: Bick Paul B. , Chiper Sorina
Published: January 2007

Since its creation in 1971 in the USA, the Nike swoosh has rapidly become a widely recognized and worshiped symbol of achievement, of the American dream of success and mobility, and it has constantly been part of a process of commodity-mediated identity co-construction. In small markets such as Haiti and Romania that are on the fringes of the wider global market, the swoosh symbol is freely appropriated and recontextualized by the local ‘flawed consumers’, who lack the financial means to participate in the identity-for-purchase ritual that the corporation thrives on. Instead, the swoosh - domesticated, through mechanical or manual reproductions - takes on a hybrid of local and global values. The avatars of the swoosh that we examine in this article are found at Romanian and Haitian cultural crossroads, and illustrate the dialectic of identity/community membership construction, and processes of geosemiotics. The identity of the sign undergoes metamorphoses and meaning crossfertilizations, thus undermining corporate hegemony and allowing the sign's local producers and users to symbolically transcend the local dimension and to join a u-topic community of affluent consumers.
Corruption in College Basketball? Evidence of Tanking in Postseason Conference Tournaments
Authors: Balsdon Ed , Fong Lesley , Thayer Mark A.
Published: January 2007

This article observes that regular-season champions in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men’s basketball often perform poorly in season-ending conference tournaments and examines two alternative explanations for this underperformance. We employ data on regular-season champions during the period 1990-2004 to test between competing models of “tanking” motivated by (a) fitness saving for the NCAA tournament and (b) a form of corruption. Our empirical results confirm that systematic under-performance does occur and indicate that corruption is a likely motivation.
Labor Supply on the PGA TOUR
Authors: Rhoads Thomas A.
Published: January 2007

The unique nature of the PGA TOUR allows exempt players to have a large measure of discretion in the number of tournaments they enter in a given year. Recent policy changes on the PGA TOUR suggest that TOUR players may be responsive to exemption status and expected earnings. Using the previous year’s real earnings per event as a proxy for expected earnings and controlling for player effects and exemption status, ordinary least squares results indicate that players’ annual entry decisions change with an exemption status change but not with higher expected earnings. An exempt, non-elite PGA TOUR player whose exemption is set to expire in at least 2 years enters slightly fewer tournaments, whereas an increase in expected earnings has no effect on tournaments entered. This suggests that the PGA TOUR would do well not to ignore possible effects of future policy changes on player annual entry decisions.
The Optimal Number of Firms With an Application to Professional Sports Leagues
Authors: Bae Sanghoo , Choi Jay Pil
Published: January 2007

This article analyzes a cartel’s optimal choice of the number of firms in Salop’s circular city model under different assumptions about cooperative behaviors among firms. The authors consider two scenarios: (a) a cartel operates under a fully collusive regime in which it controls the number of firms and their pricing, and (b) a cartel operates under a semi-collusive regime in which it controls only the number of firms and pricing is left to individual firms. The authors compare the outcomes in both scenarios to the socially optimal and free entry outcomes. They then apply these comparisons to the case of a professional sports league’s optimal choice of the number of franchises.
Cultural Considerations in Facilitating Coping to a Father's Illness and Bereavement in a Latino Child
Authors: Zebracki Kathy , Stancin Terry
Published: January 2007

As the cultural and ethnic diversity of the United States steadily increases, with the Latino population currently being the largest minority group, increasing cultural knowledge and sensitivity is essential. The provision of culturally sensitive health care has been shown to increase clients' adherence to treatment and improve satisfaction with care. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians to comprehensively assess clients' cultural values and beliefs and to integrate these practices in planning and implementing psychotherapy. This case discusses five common Latino cultural values and their potential role in the relationship between the clinician and the client or family. The treatment of a young Latino child, who is coping with his father's terminal illness and then bereaving his death, is presented. This case attempts to provide an example of culturally sensitive mental health care by recognizing the influence of a family's cultural background in psychotherapy and illustrating the integration of culture in treatment.
Assessment and Treatment of a Hispanic Youth With Selective Mutism
Authors: Vecchio Jennifer , Kearney Christopher A.
Published: January 2007

Selective mutism can be a potentially debilitating mental disorder that affects about 1% of youth. Unfortunately, this population remains under-researched, and very little information is available regarding the treatment of diverse youth with selective mutism. This article reports on the successful treatment of a 10-year-old Hispanic female with selective mutism. Treatment was largely behavioral in nature and consisted of exposure-based practices and contingency management.
Who’s Your Daddy? Legitimacy, Parody, and Soap Operas in Contemporary Constitutional Discourse
Authors: Burgess Susan
Published: January 2007

In this article, I explore parody as an alternative way to read contemporary constitutional discourse, providing extended examples from the work of noted constitutional theorist Ronald Dworkin and noted jurist Justice Antonin Scalia. Both Dworkin and Scalia have been widely read as seeking to defend the current legal regime in the United States, with particular emphasis placed on maintaining judicial legitimacy. I argue that such a reading of Dworkin and Scalia assumes a stable and widely accepted definition of legitimacy, which Critical Race Theorists and others have long contested. Turning to a contemporary soap opera (One Life to Live) for an example of parody being used to contest legitimacy, I offer an alternative, parodic reading of Dworkin and Scalia which contests rather than defends judicial legitimacy, to the end of fostering a better balance between dissent and consent in contemporary constitutional discourse.
Shadows of Law: Melville, Stowe, and the Government of Liberty
Authors: Nabers Deak
Published: January 2007

“Shadows of Law: Melville, Stowe, and the Government of Freedom” charts the shifting relations between legal authority and African-American civil rights from the 1850s to ratification of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments in the 1860s. Focusing on the function of trope of the law’s shadow in Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) and Melville’s Battle-Pieces (1866), the essay records the process whereby the law was transformed in antislavery discourse over the course of the 1850s from an incident of slavery into a necessary instrument in the maintenance of freedom. Where important early abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison often suggested that the law itself entailed slavery, the measures which actually effected the abolition of slavery imply that freedom is essentially a legal condition. “Shadows of Law” deploys careful readings of Stowe, Melville, and several contemporaneous legal landmarks (most importantly, Dred Scott v. Sandford)to explain how this reversal could come to pass.
Responding to Nietzsche: The Constructive Power of Destruktion
Authors: Mootz Francis J.
Published: January 2007

As a student of Hans-Georg Gadamer, and later a translator and important commentator on Gadamer’s philosophy, P. Christopher Smith is widely acknowledged to be a leading hermeneutical philosopher. In a series of works, Smith has argued that Gadamer provides an important corrective to Nietzsche’s caustic critical challenges, but that Gadamer’s hermeneutics has no relevance for legal theory because law is just the manifestation of will to power. In this paper I argue that Smith misunderstands the nature of legal practice. Starting with a re-reading of the debate between Gadamer and Jacques Derrida about the legacy of Nietzsche’s philosophy, I argue that Gadamer responds to Nietzsche’s challenge in a manner that is exemplified in the critical dimensions of legal practice. Using the example of family law that Smith offers, I contend that Smith underestimates the critical and interpretive elements inherent in legal practice and captured in Gadamer’s philosophy. I conclude that Gadamer offers a persuasive answer to Nietzsche’s challenge.
An Energy Efficient School for A Nature Disposed Population in Arid Lands of Central Argentina
Authors: Filippin C. , Marek L. , Larsen S. Flores , Lesino G.
Published: January 2007

The monitoring and simulated thermal behavior of a passive solar school at the Northwest of La Pampa province (Argentina) and the results of social-environmental surveys are presented. The passive design strategies are direct solar gain, thermal mass, insulated building envelope, daylighting, and natural ventilation. The monitoring is carried out under normal conditions of use (with the heaters working because of students attendance) and during an unoccupied period in winter holidays. The transient thermal simulation is carried out with SIMEDIF for Windows, a software developed at INENCO (Non Conventional Energy Research Institute) and widely used by researchers of Argentina. Northern glazed areas, orientation, internal heat gains, and use of the heating system, are analyzed. The daily heating energy consumption is 0.009 m3/m2 of the building’s useful area. When compared to conventional schools, 90% of heating energy savings are noticed. The surveys show that a predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) is around 5, with mean temperature and relative humidity around 17 C and 27%, 1.6 clo (with jacket), and 1.8 met of metabolic rate (1 met = 58 W/m2). Therefore, ISO 7730 standards are satisfactorily accomplished.
Intussuscepting Colon Cancer in a 20-Year-Old: Sonographic Findings
Authors: Letourneau Karen , Kirkpatrick Iain D. C. , Galessiere Paul
Published: January 2007

Adult intussusception is relatively rare, with only 5% to 16% of intussusceptions occurring in adults. The authors report a case of colocolic intussusception caused by an adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon in a 20-year-old female. The mass and the intussusception were diagnosed with sonography and abdominal computerized tomography. The patient went on to surgery, where the sonographic findings were confirmed. The patient was treated with hemicolectomy and adjuvant therapy.
Testicular Torsion in an Elderly Man
Authors: Ghazali Johan
Published: January 2007

Testicular pain has a variety of etiologies, including torsion, inflammation, trauma, and cancer. Differentiation of these diseases is important for proper treatment and prevention of further complications. A most noteworthy cause of testicular pain may be testicular torsion, in which a delayed diagnosis could result in the loss of the testis. Sonography plays a major role in the diagnosis of testicular torsion. Both gray-scale and color Doppler sonography aid in deriving a specific diagnosis that will help the physician in managing the condition. A case of an elderly man with testicular discomfort and complex hydrocele is presented.
Pyogenic Abscess in a Patient With Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Hill Kaleki
Published: January 2007

The risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases with the presence of end-stage liver disease such as alcoholic cirrhosis. Therefore, when scanning patients with cirrhosis, it is important to thoroughly investigate the liver for lesions. In this case, a sonogram on a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis resulted in the finding of an abnormal liver mass. Given the patient's history, HCC topped the list of differential diagnoses. Subsequent computed tomography images appeared to show some connectivity between the biliary tree and the mass; therefore, a biloma was included in the differential diagnosis. Biopsy identified the mass as an abscess. Drainage of the abscess was planned after endoscopic retrograde cholangeopancreatography to decompress the biliary system. Clearly, liver masses may be difficult to diagnose and often require a multitude of medical modalities before a definitive diagnosis can be made.
Activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in T-lineage cells inhibits TCR repertoire selection in the thymus and peripheral T-cell activation
Authors: Rowbotham Nicola J. , Hager-Theodorides Ariadne L. , Cebecauer Marek , Shah Divya K. , Drakopoulou Ekati , Dyson Julian , Outram Susan V. , Crompton Tessa
Published: January 2007

TCR signal strength is involved in many cell fate decisions in the T-cell lineage. Here, we show that transcriptional events induced by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling reduced TCR signal strength in mice. Activation of Hh signaling in thymocytes in vivo by expression of a transgenic transcriptional-activator form of Gli2 (Gli2\#916;N2) changed the outcome of TCR ligation at many stages of thymocyte development, allowing self-reactive cells to escape clonal deletion; reducing transgenic TCR-mediated positive selection; reducing the ratio of CD4/CD8 single-positive (SP) cells; and reducing cell surface CD5 expression. In contrast, in the Shh\#8722;/\#8722; thymus the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells and both positive and negative selection of a transgenic TCR were increased, demonstrating that Shh does indeed influence TCR repertoire selection and the transition from double-positive (DP) to SP cell in a physiological situation. In peripheral T cells, Gli2\#916;N2 expression attenuated T-cell activation and proliferation, by a mechanism upstream of ERK phosphorylation.
Osteoblasts support B-lymphocyte commitment and differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Garrett Russell , Jung Younghun , Zhang Yi , Kim Nacksung , Wang Jingcheng , Joe Gerard J. , Hexner Elizabeth , Choi Yongwon , Taichman Russell S. , Emerson Stephen G.
Published: January 2007

Early B lymphopoiesis in mammals is induced within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, but which cells constitute this niche is not known. Previous studies had shown that osteoblasts (OBs) support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation and myeloid differentiation. We now find that purified primary murine OBs also support the differentiation of primitive hematopoietic stem cells through lymphoid commitment and subsequent differentiation to all stages of B-cell precursors and mature B cells. Lin−Sca-1+Rag-2− BM cell differentiation to B cells requires their attachment to OBs in vitro, and this developmental process is mediated via VCAM-1, SDF-1, and IL-7 signaling induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH). Addition of cytokines produced by nonosteoblastic stromal cells (c-Kit ligand, IL-6, and IL-3) shifted the cultures toward myelopoiesis. Confirming the role of OBs in B lymphopoiesis, we found that selective elimination of osteoblasts in Col2.3Δ-TK transgenic mice severely depleted pre-pro-B and pro-B cells from BM, preceding any decline in HSCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that osteoblasts are both necessary and sufficient for murine B-cell commitment and maturation, and thereby constitute the cellular homolog of the avian bursa of Fabricius.