bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Aircraft Measurements of Ice Crystal Concentration in the Arctic and a Parameterization for Mixed-Phase Cloud
Authors: Fan Songmiao , Knopf Daniel A. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Donner Leo J.
Published: September 2017

In this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parcel model to simulate aircraft measurements of ice crystal number concentration Ni in the Arctic. The parcel model has detailed microphysics for droplet and ice nucleation, growth, and evaporation with prescribed vertical air velocities. Three dynamic regimes are considered, including large-scale ascent, cloud-top generating cells, and their combination. With observed meteorological conditions and aerosol concentrations, the parcel model predicts the number concentrations of size-resolved ice crystals, which may be compared to aircraft measurements. Model results show rapid changes with height/time in relative humidity, Ni, and thermodynamic phase partitioning, which is not resolved in current climate and weather forecasting models. Parameterizations for ice number and nucleation rate in mixed-phase stratus clouds are thus developed based on the parcel model results to represent the time-integrated effect of some microphysical processes in large-scale models.
A Mechanism of Mixed Layer Formation in the Indo–Western Pacific Southern Ocean: Preconditioning by an Eddy-Driven Jet-Scale Overturning Circulation
Authors: Li Qian , Lee Sukyoung
Published: September 2017

The formation of a narrow band of the deep winter mixed layer (hereinafter “mixed layer wedge”) in the Indo–western Pacific Southern Ocean is examined using an eddy-resolving Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model simulation. The mixed layer wedge starts to deepen in June, centered at 47.5°S, with a meridional scale of only ~2° latitude. Its center is located ~1° north of the model’s Subantarctic Front (SAF). The Argo-based observed mixed layer is similarly narrow and occurs adjacent to the observed SAF. In the small sector of 130°–142°E, where the SAF is persistent and the mixed layer is deepest, the formation of the narrow mixed layer wedge coincides with destratification underneath the mixed layer. This destratification can be attributed primarily to the downwelling branch of a jet-scale overturning circulation (JSOC). The JSOC, which was reported in an earlier study by the authors, is driven by eddy momentum flux convergence and is therefore thermally indirect: its descending branch occurs on the warmer equatorward flank of the SAF, promoting destratification during the warm season. The model-generated net air–sea heat flux reveals a similar wedge-like feature, indicating that the flux contributes to the mixed layer depth wedge, but again this feature is preconditioned by the JSOC. Ekman advection contributes to the formation of the mixed layer, but it occurs farther north of the region where the mixed layer initially deepens. These findings suggest that the eddy-driven JSOC associated with the SAF plays an important role in initiating the narrow, deep mixed layer wedge that forms north of the SAF.
A Noninterpolated Estimate of Horizontal Spatial Covariance from Nonorthogonally and Irregularly Sampled Scalar Velocities
Authors: Yoo Jang Gon , Kim Sung Yong , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Kosro P. Michael , Kurapov Alexander L.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a least squares method to estimate the horizontal (isotropic or anisotropic) spatial covariance of two-dimensional orthogonal vector components, without introducing an intervening mapping step and biases, from the spatial covariance of the nonorthogonally and irregularly sampled raw scalar velocities. The field is assumed to be locally homogeneous in space and sampled in an ensemble so the unknown spatial covariance is a function of spatial lag only. The transformation between the irregular grid on which nonorthogonal scalar projections of the vector are sampled and the regular orthogonal grid on which they will be mapped is created using the geometry of the problem. The spatial covariance of the orthogonal velocity components of the field is parameterized by either the energy (power) spectrum in the wavenumber domain or the lagged covariance in the spatial domain. The energy spectrum is constrained to be nonnegative definite as part of the solution of the inverse problem. This approach is applied to three example sets of data, using nonorthogonally and irregularly sampled radial velocity data obtained from 1) a simple spectral model, 2) a regional numerical model, and 3) an array of high-frequency radars. In tests where the true covariance is known, the proposed direct approaches fitting to parameterizations of the nonorthogonally and irregularly sampled raw data in the wavenumber domain and spatial domain outperform methods that map the data to a regular grid before estimating the covariance.
Reading the Exodus Story Alongside Case Studies of Abuse and Betrayal in Family Relationships
Authors: Rochester Kathleen
Published: September 2017

By paying attention to the emotional aspects of the key characters in the Exodus story, we can find stories in the midst of trauma that can be helpful to people of faith today who have suffered trauma. People who are victims of abuse and betrayal may find that carefully applied reading of texts like the Exodus story is therapeutic.
Imagining ‘non-nationality’: Cosmopolitanism as a source of identity and belonging
Authors: Skovgaard-Smith Irene , Poulfelt Flemming
Published: September 2017

Current literature tends to see cosmopolitan identity formation as an individual endeavour of developing a stance of openness, and transcending discourses of national and other cultural identities. This article challenges the essentialism inherent in this model by proposing a different framing of cosmopolitan identity formation that shifts the focus to how people collectively mobilize cosmopolitanism as a resource for cultural identity construction. The article is based on an anthropological study of transnational professionals who are part of a diverse expatriate community in Amsterdam. The analysis shows how these professionals draw on cosmopolitanism to define themselves as ‘non-nationals’. This involves downplaying national affiliations and cultural differences while also marking national identity categories and ‘cultural features’ to maintain the difference they collectively embrace. This, however, does not imply openness to all otherness. Boundary drawing to demarcate the cosmopolitan ‘us’ in relation to national (mono)culture is equally important. The article argues that cosmopolitan identities are socially accomplished as particular modes of collective belonging that are part of – not beyond – a global discursive sphere of identity politics.
Transnational power and translocal governance: The politics of corporate responsibility
Authors: Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby
Published: September 2017

In this article, I provide a critical analysis of the politics of corporate social responsibility. I argue that corporate social responsibility is a strategy that enables multinational corporations to exercise power in the global political economy. Using the global extractive industries as a context, I focus on conflicts between communities, the state and multinational corporations that arise owing to the negative social and environmental impacts of mining and extraction. In particular, I analyse the role of political corporate social responsibility and multi-stakeholder initiatives in managing conflicts and argue that these initiatives cannot take into account the needs of vulnerable stakeholders. Power asymmetries between key actors in the political economy can diminish the welfare of communities impacted by extraction. Several governance challenges arise as a result of these power asymmetries and I develop a translocal governance framework from the perspective of vulnerable stakeholders that can enable a more progressive approach to societal governance of multinational corporations.
Degree or examination: What is the foundation of the social work workforce in China?
Authors: Li Xiao , Yu Xiao , Zeng ShouChui , He XueSong
Published: September 2017

The current Chinese social work licensure program does not mandatorily require formal social work education. This compromised policy is contradictory to the mission of formal social work education and the trajectory of professionalization in other Western countries. This study examined whether social work graduates differ from those who do not have formal social work education in terms of competency, commitment, and turnover intention. Results described the struggles of social work graduates in their experiences in the field. The diminishing role of formal social education may affect the professional identity of social workers in social work development in China.
Becoming a Drug Dealer in Turkey
Authors: Macit Ruken
Published: September 2017

One of the major actors of ever-increasing drug crimes is the drug dealer. Turkey is a key country in the delivery of drugs due to its geographical location. In this research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 drug dealers who were formerly convicted in Turkey’s Diyarbakır province. Drug dealers are classified as drug smugglers, growers/manufacturers, shippers, wholesalers, and street vendors called “corner dealer.” In this context, how drug dealers entered the drug trade, their reasons for entering it, and their previous criminal experiences were discussed. Important information has been gathered from the perspective of drug dealers on the process of being a criminal in the drug business. It is believed that the information provided will shed light on the problems of countries struggling with drugs.
Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography for Node‐Positive Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hirshoren Nir , Olayos Elizabeth , Herschtal Alan , Ravi Kumar Aravind S. , Gyorki David E.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Surgery is the primary treatment modality for node‐positive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with no distant disease (HNcSCC‐M0). The role of preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan for these patients is unclear. We compared preoperative PET/CT with final histopathology among patients undergoing lymphadenectomy and/or parotidectomy for HNcSCC‐M0.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Single Australian center.

Subjects and Methods

Investigation included disease parameters and preoperative CT and PET/CT findings of 64 patients with node‐positive HNcSCC without distant metastatic disease. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for a difference in the proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia between the false‐ and true‐negative PET/CT subgroups.

Results

Of 64 patients who underwent PET/CT prior to surgery for node‐positive HNcSCC‐M0, 56 underwent a neck dissection and 30, a parotidectomy. Of these, 13 neck dissections and 2 parotidectomies were performed in the absence of FDG‐avid (18F‐fludeoxyglucose) nodes in these nodal fields. The PET/CT positive predictive value of the neck was 91.1%. The negative predictive values in the neck and parotid regions were 60%. Of the false‐negative subgroup, 66.7% had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, compared with 11.1% of the true‐negative subgroup (P =. 09). Based on PET/CT findings, surgical plans according to preoperative CT were changed for 6.25% of patients.

Conclusion

Use of PET/CT for surgical candidates with node‐positive HNcSCC‐M0 has high specificity and positive predictive value with relatively low sensitivity and negative predictive value. A statistical trend toward a higher rate of chronic lymphocytic leukemia among patients with false‐negative results is suggested.
Grounding lexical diversity in human judgments
Authors: Jarvis Scott
Published: September 2017

The present study discusses the relevance of measures of lexical diversity (LD) to the assessment of learner corpora. It also argues that existing measures of LD, many of which have become specialized for use with language corpora, are fundamentally measures of lexical repetition, are based on an etic perspective of language, and lack construct validity. The proposed solution draws from Zipf’s (1935) emic perspective of language, which views LD as a matter of perception, but which also assumes that competent speakers of a common language share similar perceptions. The present study tests whether this is true and specifically whether untrained human raters will show high levels of inter-rater reliability in their judgments of the levels of LD found in 60 texts extracted from a corpus of narratives written in English by a mix of language learners and native speakers. The results confirm Zipf’s assertion, but also indicate that a relatively large number of motivated raters are needed to demonstrate this tendency. The remainder of the study discusses the implications these results have for the development of an automated measure of LD to be used with learner corpora. The proposed method begins with human judgments of a representative subsample of a corpus, proceeds to a statistical model of objective measures that accurately predicts the human judgments, and ends with a multidimensional, corpus-specific automated measure that outputs reliable estimates of how a reliable group of human judges would rate the levels of LD in the texts of that corpus.
Preoperative psychosocial factors predicting patient’s functional recovery after total knee or total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Bletterman Anouck N , de Geest-Vrolijk Marcella E , Vriezekolk Johanna E , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W , van Meeteren Nico LU , Hoogeboom Thomas J
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the predictive value of preoperative psychosocial factors on the perceived and observed postoperative patient’s functional recovery during the post-hospital phase and up to 12 months after hospital discharge of patients who underwent total knee or total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO were systematically screened in order to find prospective longitudinal studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of a 27-item checklist for prognostic studies, as previously used by Veerbeek. A qualitative analysis was performed using the method of Zwikker.

Results:

A total of 26 studies, with a total of 11,020 patients, were included. In total, 22 studies were judged as having a high risk of bias. Overall, no longitudinal association with perceived or observed functional recovery was found in all of the seven preoperative psychosocial categories: A: mental well-being, B: cognitions, C: beliefs, D: expectations, E: coping, F: social support or G: personality traits in total joint arthroplasty. Mental well-being seems to be the exception in one time period (>6 weeks through ≤3 months) and change score in observed functional recovery, but only in patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty (100% and 75% of the variables were significantly and consistently associated, respectively).

Conclusion:

Overall, the results of this systematic review suggest that there is no longitudinal association between preoperative psychosocial factors and perceived or observed patient’s postoperative functional recovery after total joint arthroplasty. The psychological category mental well-being is related to observed postoperative recovery >6 weeks through ≤3 months and to change score after total knee arthroplasty.
Effect of ketamine dose on self-rated dissociation in patients with treatment refractory anxiety disorders
Authors: Castle Cameron , Gray Andrew , Neehoff Shona , Glue Paul
Published: September 2017

Patients receiving ketamine for refractory depression and anxiety report dissociative symptoms in the first 60 min post-dose. The most commonly used instrument to assess this is the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS), developed based on the assessment of patients with dissociative symptoms. Its psychometric properties for ketamine-induced dissociation have not been reported. We evaluated these from a study using 0.25–1 mg/kg ketamine and midazolam (as an active control) in 18 patients with treatment-resistant anxiety. Dissociation ratings were increased by ketamine in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, midazolam showed no effect on ratings of dissociation. For individual CADSS items, the magnitude of change and the ketamine dose at which changes were observed were not homogenous. The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was high (0.937), with acceptable item-rest correlations for almost all individual items. Purposefully removing items to maximise alpha did not lead to meaningful improvements. Acceptable internal consistency was still observed after removing items which lacked evidence of responsiveness at lower doses. The high Cronbach alpha values identified in this study suggests that the CADSS is an internally consistent instrument for evaluating ketamine-induced dissociation in clinical trials in anxiety, although it does not capture symptoms such as thought disorder.
Social Cohesion and Resilience in First Australian Family and Kinship Networks
Authors: O’Brien Karen
Published: September 2017

This article addresses the means by which First Australian family and kinship systems and cultural beliefs bring about social unity in their communities. It offers an exploration of the possible ways in which transnational advocates, researchers and policy-makers might better understand, identify and develop the positive aspects of family and kinship networks. In two short but representative case studies of resistance against enforced annexure of their land for development, it demonstrates how solid adherence to cultural values results in constructive social cohesion among First Australians communities. It puts forward a working model of family and kinship to demonstrate the ways in which communities circumvent the intersecting matrices of oppression and deal with ongoing struggle against the negative outcomes of colonisation and trans generational trauma. In highlighting the strengths of First Australian communities it emphasises three key positive intersecting forces with informed collaboration as a desired key outcome. It attends to family and kinship connections with Country as an embodiment of cultural continuity; it accounts for the strengthening bonds that are formed through identifying the importance of the family kinship systems that are active in First Australian communities and it establishes an understanding of the significance of maintaining the integrity of communication processes to ensure resilience. These inherent components of First Australian existence are considered vital to secure the systematic hardiness that is necessary to overcome the ongoing injustices of colonisation and must be understood to achieve better and more positive outcomes for First Australians in policy and research.
Patterns in Economics Journal Acceptances and Rejections
Authors: Clain Suzanne Heller , Leppel Karen
Published: September 2017

This study surveyed a sample of authors of articles published in Economics journals to gain insight into their experiences in submitting their manuscripts for publication. We explored factors related to receiving a desk rejection (rejection by editor without the article being sent out for review by referees). We also examined characteristics linked to whether authors were asked by the journal publishing the article to make extensive revisions prior to acceptance. In addition, we studied whether, after rejection, authors were likely to make substantial revisions prior to submission to another journal. Characteristics considered included respondent’s academic rank and prior publishing history at a particular journal, presence of coauthors, authors’ genders, and journal rank.

JEL Classifications: A140, J16
Optimal design of a novel 4-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism with flexible orientation capability
Authors: Bi Weiyao , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Luo Xuan
Published: September 2017

This article proposes a novel spatial parallel kinematic mechanism with three kinematic limbs and 4 degrees of freedom. Its mobile platform can realize two translations and two rotation movements. Of note is that this mechanism can realize flexible A-/B-axis rotation (rotations about the x- and y-axes) and the transformation between vertical machining mode and horizontal machining mode. Using Tilt and Torsion angle description method, the kinematics analysis of this parallel kinematic mechanism is carried out. On this basis, the geometrical parameters, including parameters of three limbs and mobile platform, are optimized. In view of the particularity of configuration, the limb in the postposition with two active inputs is analyzed first and then the remaining two identical limbs. In the optimal design, motion/force transmissibility is taken into consideration, and the local transmission index is used as the performance evaluation criterion to investigate the orientation capability of this parallel kinematic mechanism. Using performance atlases method, the optimal kinematic design of the 4-degree-of-freedom parallel kinematic mechanism is carried out and a set of preferable optimized parameters is obtained at last. By virtue of the kinematic advantages, the proposed parallel kinematic mechanism can be used as the modular machining unit in five-axis machine centers. Based on this work, a machine tool with high flexibility has been developed to process the five faces of a workpiece within one setup.
The contribution of Royal Navy aircraft carriers and the Fleet Air Arm to Operation ‘Overlord’, 1944
Authors: Benbow Tim
Published: September 2017

This article examines the utility of naval aviation, specifically the contribution of the British naval air arm to Operation Overlord. It argues that while there were practical reasons for carriers not being present directly off the Normandy beaches, British naval aviation supported the invasion both directly (from ashore, and from carriers operating at a distance) and indirectly, over a long period. It was also performing a range of other roles in several theatres. Navies and naval aviation contribute to campaigns in a way that is different to land-based forces; understanding this requires a bigger map and a longer timeline.
A further critique of brain fingerprinting: The possibility of propranolol usage by offenders
Authors: McGorrery Paul
Published: September 2017

Brain fingerprinting technology is designed to read subconscious signals in the brain and detect deception. The technology has been subjected to a number of criticisms already: it has the potential to violate three distinct rights, and researchers have shown that it can be deceived through intentional suppression of memories. This article suggests a further reason to doubt the utility of the technology for criminal justice officials; specifically, the potential for defendants to pharmaceutically erase their own memories using beta-blockers such as propranolol, such that there would no longer be a memory of the crime for brain fingerprinting technology to detect.
Helipad detection for accurate UAV pose estimation by means of a visual sensor
Authors: Patruno Cosimo , Nitti Massimiliano , Stella Ettore , D’Orazio Tiziana
Published: September 2017

In this article, we tackle the problem of developing a visual framework to allow the autonomous landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle onto a platform using a single camera. Specifically, we propose a vision-based helipad detection algorithm in order to estimate the attitude of a drone on which the camera is fastened with respect to target. Since the algorithm should be simple and quick, we implemented a method based on curvatures in order to detect the heliport marks, that is, the corners of character H. By knowing the size of H mark and the actual location of its corners, we are able to compute the homography matrix containing the relative pose information. The effectiveness of our methodology has been proven through controlled indoor and outdoor experiments. The outcomes have shown that the method provides high accuracies in estimating the distance and the orientation of camera with respect to visual target. Specifically, small errors lower than 1% and 4% have been achieved in the computing of measurements, respectively.
Using SmartQuit®, an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Smartphone application, to reduce smoking intake
Authors: Singh Satvir , Starkey Nicola J , Sargisson Rebecca J
Published: September 2017

Objective

SmartQuit® is a smartphone application (app) for smoking cessation based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, a behavioural therapy that encourages individuals to accept internal experiences, such as cravings to smoke, without acting on those experiences or urges. We used a single-subject (A-B-A) design with 10 participants to examine whether SmartQuit® use would reduce cigarette intake in a New Zealand sample.

Methods

10 smokers tallied their own cravings experienced and cigarettes smoked then sent those tallies to the first author every day until we observed stable patterns (Phase A1). We then gave the participants individual access to the SmartQuit® app (Phase B). When they advised that they had ceased using the app, they again recorded daily cravings and cigarettes smoked for a minimum of three days (Phase A2). We also collected follow-up smoking and craving data at 1, 2 and up to 13 months after completion of Phase A2.

Results

Using SmartQuit® reduced our participants’ daily cigarette intake significantly in the short-term and three individuals remained smoke-free up to 13 months later. Cravings to smoke did not differ significantly across Phases A1, B and A2, but graphical analysis showed a trend for decreasing cravings.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that SmartQuit® provides another readily accessible intervention to help people stop smoking and is suited for use with a New Zealand population.
Health-Related Social Control and Risk Perceptions in Emerging Adults
Authors: McErlean Amanda R. , Fekete Erin M.
Published: September 2017

Health behaviors decline during emerging adulthood, and social network members may attempt to influence or regulate emerging adults’ health behaviors using various health-related social control strategies. A paucity of research examines social control in emerging adults or moderators of the social control process. This study examined health risk perceptions as a moderator of the relationship between social control and affective and behavioral responses to control in 275 emerging adults. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that for those individuals with higher perceived severity of developing future health conditions, the links between positive control, more positive emotions, and more behavior change became weaker but the links between negative control, fewer positive emotions, and less behavior change became stronger. Understanding emerging adults’ health risk perceptions may be beneficial in health promotion for this at-risk developmental group.
Resistance and Recuperation: Developing a Dalit Feminist Standpoint in Baby Kamble’s The Prisons We Broke
Authors: Yogisha  , Kumar Nagendra
Published: September 2017

India has been a democracy for over six decades, and it has progressed by leaps and bounds in different spheres, from roads to the moon; it has proved its charisma and calibre in contexts of discoveries and new theories. But do its social credentials stand up to scrutiny? No, in spite of progressing this much, inequality soared to the highest levels in some areas, and it has not translated into greater welfare for the majority of the Indian population. Dalit community is one of those unfortunate people who are lacking in social honour because of their class and caste. As of now, their literature is the most circulated means to know about their situation, and we will see that most of the literature available is in the form of their biographies and autobiographies. Here, I am looking for the cultural dynamics and power relations responsible for the crippled existence of ‘a Dalit female’ and how they get a Dalit female standpoint to speculate over the situations and strive for betterment by analyzing a Dalit female narrative The Prisons We Broke by Baby Kamble.
Paradigm shift in head and neck oncology patient management
Authors: van Linden van den Heuvell Chiquit , van Zuuren Florence , Wells Mary , van der Laan Geert , Reintsema Harry
Published: September 2017

Objective

This article describes a paradigm shift in what is considered to be good care for patients living with and after (head and neck) cancer. HNO patients often experience severe and difficult physical and psychosocial problems due to the nature and location of the disease. Many disciplines are involved in their treatment, so their voice is only one amongst many others in the decision making process. For this patient group it seems complicated to put the concept of Shared Decision Making into practice. As a step in this direction, patient reported outcomes which ask patients to select the disconcerting issues and symptoms can be used as a basis for referral, supportive care and treatment decision making. We need to provide more tailored and personalized information that is specific to individual circumstances, preferences and concerns and focuses more on the impact of treatment and access to help and support. Follow up of these patients should be concentrated on both medical and emotional aspects.

Practice implications

A shift in the way caregivers provide their information contributes to a more profound involvement of patients in treatment decisions.
Stigma and self-esteem across societies: avoiding blanket psychological responses to gay men experiencing homophobia
Authors: Zervoulis Karyofyllis , Lyons Evanthia , Dinos Sokratis
Published: September 2017

Aims and method

The relationship between homophobia (varying from actual and perceived to internalised) and measures of well-being is well documented. A study in Athens, Greece and London, UK attempted to examine this relationship in two cities with potentially different levels of homophobia. One-hundred and eighty-eight men who have sex with men (MSM) living in London and 173 MSM living in Athens completed a survey investigating their views on their sexuality, perceptions of local homophobia and their identity evaluation in terms of global self-esteem.

Results

The results confirmed a negative association between homophobia and self-esteem within each city sample. However, Athens MSM, despite perceiving significantly higher levels of local homophobia than London MSM, did not differ on most indicators of internalised homophobia and scored higher on global self-esteem than London MSM. The city context had a significant impact on the relationship.

Clinical implications

The findings are discussed in relation to the implications they pose for mental health professionals dealing with MSM from communities experiencing variable societal stigmatisation and its effect on a positive sense of self.
Training in quality improvement for the next generation of psychiatrists
Authors: Ewins Elizabeth , Macpherson Rob , van der Linden Geoff , Arnott Stephen
Published: September 2017

Quality improvement (QI) projects have been shown to positively influence patient care. They provide opportunities for trainees to present and publish their work locally and nationally, and to gain valuable leadership and management experience. We describe a pilot project to engage in QI trainees across a National Health Service trust and a school of psychiatry. After the first year of this programme over half of psychiatry trainees in the school (58% of core trainees and 47% of advanced trainees) are participating in 28 individual QI projects and QI project methodology is to become embedded in the core psychiatry training course. Specialty doctors, consultants, foundation doctors, general practitioner trainees, medical students and the wider multidisciplinary team have all become engaged alongside trainees, working with patients and their families to identify problems to tackle and ideas to test.
Has Province-Wide Symptom Screening Changed Opioid Prescribing Rates in Older Patients With Cancer?
Authors: Barbera Lisa , Sutradhar Rinku , Chu Anna , Seow Hsien , Earle Craig C. , O’Brien Mary Ann , Dudgeon Deborah , DeAngelis Carlo , Atzema Clare , Husain Amna , Liu Ying , Howell Doris
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

Previous work in Ontario demonstrated that 33% of patients with cancer with severe pain did not receive opioids at the time of their pain assessment. With efforts to increase symptom screening and management since then, the objective of this study was to examine temporal trends in opioid prescribing.

Methods:

The cohort was comprised of Ontario residents ≥ 65 years of age with a cancer history who were eligible for the government pharmacare program and had a pain assessment using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System. Use of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System is part of a provincial initiative to screen ambulatory patients with cancer for symptoms. Annually between 2007 and 2013, we used the date of an individual’s highest pain score as the index date to calculate annual opioid prescription rates for claims within 30 days before and up to 7 days after the index date. A logistic regression model evaluated the association between index year and odds of receiving an opioid prescription.

Results:

During the study period, the number of individuals undergoing symptom assessment annually increased more than eight-fold. Opioid prescription rates were directly related to pain scores, but there was an annual 5% relative decrease in the odds of receiving an opioid prescription during the era from 2009 to 2013.

Conclusion:

We are doing better at screening for pain, but this has not led to an increase in analgesic intervention for those identified. Additional work is required to determine what opioid prescribing rate is optimal to ensure we are not missing opportunities to improve patient comfort.
Engrailed acts with Nejire to control decapentaplegic expression in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche
Authors: Luo Lichao , Siah Chia Keng , Cai Yu
Published: September 2017

Homeostasis of adult tissues is maintained by a small number of stem cells, which are sustained by their niches. In the Drosophila female germline stem cell (GSC) niche, Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is the primary factor that promotes GSC self-renewal. However, the mechanism regulating dpp expression in the niche is largely unknown. Here, we identify a 2.0 kb fragment located in a 5′ cis-regulatory region of the dpp locus containing enhancer activity that drives its expression in the niche. This region is distinct from a previously characterized 3′ cis-regulatory enhancer responsible for dpp expression in imaginal discs. Our data demonstrate that Engrailed, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that serves as a cap cell marker, binds to this region and regulates dpp expression in cap cells. Further data suggest that En forms a complex with Nejire (Nej), the Drosophila ortholog of histone acetyltransferase CBP/p300, and directs Nej to this cis-regulatory region where Nej functions as the co-activator for dpp expression. Therefore, our study defines the molecular pathway controlling dpp expression in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche.
The enigma of embryonic diapause
Authors: Renfree Marilyn B. , Fenelon Jane C.
Published: September 2017

Embryonic diapause – a period of embryonic suspension at the blastocyst stage – is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs in over 130 species of mammals, ranging from bears and badgers to mice and marsupials. It might even occur in humans. During diapause, there is minimal cell division and greatly reduced metabolism, and development is put on hold. Yet there are no ill effects for the pregnancy when it eventually continues. Multiple factors can induce diapause, including seasonal supplies of food, temperature, photoperiod and lactation. The successful reactivation and continuation of pregnancy then requires a viable embryo, a receptive uterus and effective molecular communication between the two. But how do the blastocysts survive and remain viable during this period of time, which can be up to a year in some cases? And what are the signals that bring it out of suspended animation? Here, we provide an overview of the process of diapause and address these questions, focussing on recent molecular data.
DNA-dependent protein kinase plays a central role in transformation of breast epithelial cells following alkylation damage
Authors: Anandi Libi , Chakravarty Vaishali , Ashiq K. A. , Bodakuntla Satish , Lahiri Mayurika
Published: September 2017

DNA alkylating agents form the first line of cancer chemotherapy. They not only kill cells but also behave as potential carcinogens. MNU, a DNA methylating agent, is well known to induce mammary tumours in rodents. However, the mechanism of tumorigenesis is not well understood. Our study reports a novel role played by DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in methylation damage-induced transformation using three-dimensional breast acinar cultures. Here, we report that exposure of breast epithelial cells to MNU inhibited polarisation at the basolateral domain, increased dispersal of the Golgi at the apical domain and induced an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype as well as invasion. This altered Golgi phenotype correlated with impaired intracellular trafficking. Inhibition of DNA-PK resulted in almost complete reversal of the altered Golgi phenotype and partial rescue of the polarity defect and EMT-like phenotype. The results confirm that methylation damage-induced activation of DNA-PK is a major mechanism in mediating cellular transformation.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Eis Bocage…
Authors: Pires Daniel
Published: September 2017

Este pequeno texto pretende assinalar a realização pela Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de duas exposições acerca de Bocage: uma nos 250 anos do seu nascimento (Sala do Catálogo, 28 de abril a 29 de maio de 2015) e outra na Biblioteca Joanina (23 de janeiro a 4 de março 2017), pensada para um público internacional.
Role of Attributional, Styles and Perceived Control in Control in Social Anxiety Among University Entrants
Authors: Kaur Ravneet
Published: September 2017

Introduction. Social anxiety is a persistent, intense and chronic fear of being negatively judged by others as well as by themselves and being embarrassed by one’s own actions. Attributional styles is known as the way an individual explains positive and negative events in life and it has an important bearing on her well being, motivation and performance. Perceived control refers to the belief that one can determine one’s own internal state and behavior, influence one’s environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes. Socially anxious individuals feel that they lack control over the events affecting them. The present study is carried out to check the relationship of social anxiety with attributional style and perceived control.Method. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Attributional Style Assessment Testing-I and Perceived Control Scale were administered on 200 female participants from Punjabi University, Patiala. Using correlational design, Pearson's bivariate correlations were performed.Results. The findings showed that there was positive correlation between ability attribution for failure and social anxiety, and negative correlation was found between effort attribution for failure and social anxiety. There was also a negative correlation between interpersonal control, the dimension of perceived control and social anxiety. Regression analysis showed that ability attribution for failure and interpersonal control are significantly predictor of social anxiety.Discussion. The present study was conducted on assessing the relation of social anxiety with attibutional style and perceived control among university entrants. The findings revealed that freshers with high level of social anxiety showed dysfunctional Attributional style and low perceived control than those low on social anxiety. Implications of the findings have been discussed.
As enfermidades no cativeiro e as concepções de cura entre os irmãos do Rosário em São João del-Rei (1782-1850).
Authors: Delfino Leonara Lacerda
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a causa mortis dos escravos e libertos da Vila de São João del-Rei, através do rastreamento dos registros paroquiais de óbitos, como também abordar as concepções de enfermidade e de cura colocadas pela apropriação do poder miraculoso de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios e de São Benedito, como entidades curadoras presentes nas acepções de solidariedade dos irmãos do Rosário. Outra frente a ser analisada, consiste em averiguar a ascensão do discurso médico, mediante a campanha sanitarista e construção de hospitais e lazaretos, em incentivo ao processo de secularização das práticas terapêuticas. A partir do estudo das atas camarárias — junto aos dicionários de medicina do século XIX e de relatos de viajantes, ao lado da documentação confrarial — inferimos a concomitância de saberes médicos em convivência com as práticas mágicas do cativeiro.Palavras-chave: causa mortis, doenças no cativeiro, práticas terapêuticas.
Ilustração, medicina e circulação de ideias no mundo luso-brasileiro (séc. XVIII-XIX).
Authors: Meirelles Juliana Gesuelli
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a relação entre a mudança de paradigma científico vigente a partir da reforma da Universidade de Coimbra e as transformações políticas e culturais da sociedade luso-brasileira no campo da saúde e da medicina entre o final do século XVIII e início do século XIX. Primeiramente, refletimos sobre os sentidos da circulação de ideias entre Portugal e Brasil antes dá da vinda da corte para o Brasil em 1808. Em um segundo momento, delineamos as linhas mestras da política cultural da coroa lusitana para a cultura cientifica sob a governança de D. João VI na América tendo como foco a diversidade da produção da Impressão Régia do Rio de Janeiro nesse campo do saber.
Entre remédios morais e físicos: discurso médico e comportamento humano na Medicina Theologica (1794)
Authors: Freitas Ricardo Cabral
Published: September 2017

A obra Medicina Theologica ficou conhecida pela polêmica causada pela sua publicação em Lisboa no final de 1794. De autoria anônima, o texto acusava os confessores de tratar como pecadores indivíduos acometidos por enfermidades que seriam do corpo, e que, portanto, deveriam ser tratadas pela medicina. Não tardou para que a obra fosse proibida pela censura régia e seus exemplares apreendidos. De maneira geral, o episódio costuma ser apresentado como um sintoma do clima de efervescência ideológica e de contestação da ordem que marcou Portugal dos últimos anos do setecentos. Embora o artigo não contrarie esta interpretação, ele procura mostrar que a crítica à atividade confessional na Medicina Theologica se inscreve na reivindicação de correntes filosóficas iluministas pela reformulação das relações entre conhecimento médico e sociedade, em parte motivada por preocupações com a decadência física e moral da população europeia.
DIN 67700 – Eine Norm für den Bau von Bibliotheken und Archiven in Deutschland
Authors: Giebenhain Sabine , Glauert Mario , Rabe Roman
Published: September 2017

Mit der DIN 67700 „Bau von Bibliotheken und Archiven – Anforderungen und Empfehlungen für die Planung“, die den bisherigen DIN-Fachbericht 13 ersetzt, liegt seit Mai 2017 erstmals eine Norm für den Bau von Bibliotheken und Archiven in Deutschland vor. Der Beitrag beschreibt anhand ausgewählter Regelungen den Ansatz und den Aufbau der Norm, welcher sieben bibliotheks- und archivspezifische Funktionsbereiche zugrunde liegen. Er erläutert die Verknüpfung mit anderen Normen und gibt Hinweise für die praktische Anwendung der Norm im Planungsprozess.
Gutenberg Biographics: Eine biographische Online-Datenbank zur Mainzer Universitätsgeschichte
Authors: Eckert Karin , George Christian , Hüther Frank
Published: September 2017

Mit „Gutenberg Biographics“ steht seit 2016 eine Datenbank mit Biographien Mainzer Gelehrter online zur Verfügung. In der ersten Ausbaustufe werden alle Professorinnen und Professoren der Jahre 1946 bis 1973 erfasst. Die Erweiterung um die Professoren der alten Mainzer Universität sowie die fortschreitende Ergänzung bis in die Gegenwart ist mittelfristig geplant. Durch die Verwendung von Normdaten wird Gutenberg Biographics mit anderen Online-Ressourcen vernetzt. Weitere Möglichkeiten der Interoperabilität sind angelegt. Dadurch bietet der Katalog ein enormes Forschungspotenzial für die digitalen Geisteswissenschaften.
Recovering the ‘True Meaning’ of the Pre-Established Harmony: On a Neglected Key to Kant’s Theory of Intuition
Authors: Villinger Rahel
Published: September 2017

The paper discusses Kant’s enigmatic claim that his critical philosophy succeeds in articulating a philosophical insight at which Leibniz’s pre-established harmony was ‘truly’ aimed. Kant makes the claim in response to Salomon Maimon’s (mis)reading of his Transcendental Deduction of the Categories, which involves, in Kant’s words, the untenable assumption of a capacity of divine (intuitive) understanding in humans. The paper argues that Maimon’s misreading of Kant’s account of human intuition has found influential followers in contemporary Kant scholarship and that it is based on a failure to distinguish between what Kant calls “mere sensible appearances” and real phenomena of nature. While the former are entirely sensible singularities without unity, the latter are units composed of infinitely many sensible appearances, and their unity requires understanding. Kant thus appeals to a refurbished version of Leibniz’s pre-established harmony of mind and world, which takes the form of an immanent, indubitable, but ultimately inexplicable harmony of the faculties of sensibility and understanding. The paper includes a reconstruction of both the B-Deduction’s argument and the role of transcendental imagination in the proof.
Heteroleptic lead(II)-halide complexes supported by a bulky iminoanilide ligand
Authors: Bellini Clément , Carpentier Jean-François , Dorcet Vincent , Silvestru Anca , Sarazin Yann
Published: September 2017

The lead(II) chloride [{N^N