bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La competitividad de los departamentos colombianos desde la perspectiva de la geografía económica
Authors: Lotero Jorge , Posada Héctor Mauricio , Valderrama Daniel
Published: December 2022

En este artículo se examina la competitividad regional desde una perspectiva geográfica, y se construye un ranking de competitividad para los departamentos colombianos, usando las técnicas de componentes principales y de clusters jerárquicos. El análisis nos muestra que la competitividad pierde sentido cuando la aplicamos al mercado de bienes, pero adquiere significado cuando se considera el mercado y la movilidad de factores de producción. También se muestra, a diferencia de la mayoría de enfoques y mediciones de la competitividad de los departamentos colombianos, que es posible obtener mediciones sencillas, que además de ser consistentes con el marco conceptual de la geografía económica, son el producto de la combinación de un número pequeño de variables. Palabras clave: competitividad regional, geografía económica, departamentos colombianos, ranking de competitividad. Clasificación JEL: R10, R12, R19   Abstract:  This article examines regional competitiveness from a geographical perspective, and constructs a competitiveness ranking for Colombian departments using principal components and hierarchical cluster techniques. The analysis shows that competitiveness becomes meaningless when it is applied to the goods market, but is meaningful when one considers the market and the mobility of production factors. The analysis also shows, unlike most approaches and measures of competitiveness for Colombian departments, that it is possible to obtain simple measures, which in addition to being consistent with the conceptual framework of economic geography, is the product of the combination of a small number of variables. Keywords: Regional Competitiveness, Economic Geography, Colombian Departments, Competitiveness Ranking. JEL Classification: R10, R12, R19   Résumé: Dans cet article nous examinons la compétitivité régionale dans une perspective géographique. Nous proposons un ranking de compétitivité pour les départements colombiens, tout en utilisant les techniques de composants principaux et de clusters hiérarchiques. Cette analyse montre que la compétitivité perd du sens lorsqu'elle est appliquée au marché de biens, mais elle a du sens lorsqu'elle est appliquée au marché des facteurs de production et leur mobilité. Contrairement à la plus part d'analyses et de mesures de la compétitivité des départements colombiens, nous montrons qu'il est possible d'obtenir des mesures très simples qui résultent de la combinaison d'un petit nombre de variables, en plus d'être compatibles avec le cadre conceptuel de la géographie économique. Mots clé: compétitivité régionale, géographie économique, départements colombiens, ranking de compétitivité. Classification JEL: R10, R12, R19
Inequidad regional en la financiación de la salud en Colombia, 2008
Authors: Alvis Nelson , Alvis Luis , Castro Robinson
Published: December 2022

Se analizan las desigualdades regionales en materia de financiación del desarrollo social, particularmente la financiación de la salud, con el fin de formular recomendaciones de política. Se considera del año 2002 al 2006, se analiza la población de los departamentos agrupados en las regiones Caribe, Central, Oriental, Pacífica, Nuevos Departamentos. Para el análisis de la información se toman como base los criterios de distribución de los recursos citados en la ley 715. El estudio muestra la consistencia de las afirmaciones que exponen la existencia de serias inequidades en la financiación de la salud en la región Caribe y Pacífica frente al promedio nacional. Palabras clave: inequidad, financiación en salud, necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Clasificación JEL: D63, I18, I38   Abstract: This paper analyzes regional inequalities in the financing of social development, particularly related to the financing of health, with a view to making policy recommendations for the study period of 2002 to 2006. The population analysis consists of the departments grouped into regions (Caribbean, Central, Eastern, Pacifica, New Departments, Bogota and Antioquia). For the base criteria, the allocation of resources cited in Act 715 are used in the analysis. The study shows the consistency of allegations that expose the existence of serious inequities in funding for health in the Caribbean and Pacific region against the national average. Keywords: Inequity, Funding in Health, Unsatisfied Basic Needs. JEL Classification: D63, I18, I38   Résumé: L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les inégalités régionales concernant inancement du développement social, et tout particulièrement le financement de la santé, afin de formuler certaines recommandations de politique économique. Nous adoptons la période comprise entre 2002 et 2006 et la population de différents départements du pays, regroupés en régions de la manière suivante: caraïbes, centrale, orientale, pacifique et les nouveaux départements. Le point de départ de l'analyse est de considérer les critères de répartition des ressources fixés par la loi 715. L'étude montre effectivement l'existence d'inégalités dans le financement de la santé dans la région des caraïbes et ainsi que dans la région pacifique lorsqu'on établi une comparaison avec la moyenne nationale.  Mots clé: inégalité, financement de la santé, nécessités basiques insatisfaites. Classification JEL: D63, I18, I38
Diseño de estrategias óptimas para la selección de portafolios, un análisis de la ponderación inversa al riesgo (PIR)
Authors: Puerta Molina Andrés Felipe , Laniado Rojas Henry
Published: December 2022

El objetivo del artículo es determinar el comportamiento de la estrategia de selección de portafolios que asigna una ponderación a cada activo inversamente proporcional al riesgo individual del mismo (PIR) y compararla con las estrategias clásicas de mediavarianza (M-V), mínima varianza (MINVAR) y estrategia equiponderada (1/N). Para ello se realizan estimaciones out of sample y se dan condiciones bajo las cuales la PIR conduce a ponderaciones menos riesgosas que la estrategia 1/N para el mercado de valores de Colombia. Como conclusión, se encuentra evidencia del mejor desempeño de la PIR con respecto a las estrategias clásicas en términos de los indicadores de rentabilidad, riesgo, ratio de Sharpe, Turnover (costos) y Turnover (estabilidad).
La participación laboral de la mujer casada y su cónyuge en Colombia: Un enfoque de decisiones relacionadas
Authors: Castro Urbano Emma Beatriz , García Cruz Gustavo Adolfo , Badillo Enciso Erika Raquel
Published: December 2022

En este artículo se analizan los determinantes de la participación laboral de las mujeres casadas (casadas o en unión libre) y del cónyuge como una decisión familiar en Colombia. Se ha encontrado que las mujeres casadas presentan una mayor presión para participar en el mercado laboral que las mujeres en general. La educación es un factor importante que disminuye la brecha en las tasas de participación en la pareja. Las estimaciones econométricas, a partir de un modelo probit bivariante corregido por sesgo de selección, muestran que la decisión de la pareja de participar en el mercado laboral es interdependiente y se ve afectada en diferentes formas por la dotación de capital humano, la existencia de hijos en edad escolar, las condiciones económicas en el hogar, indicadores de demanda laboral y de características regionales.
Elección estratégica de contratos forward y contratos de incentivos gerenciales en un contexto de competencia a la Cournot
Authors: Miranda Sandra , Bernal Ximena , Jácome Flavio
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo analiza los efectos de los contratos forward y de los contratos de incentivos gerenciales, herramientas que las empresas pueden elegir para competir estratégicamente con sus rivales en un mercado oligopólico. Se encuentra que cuando las dos empresas producen un bien homogéneo, pueden contratar gerentes y negociar contratos forward, en situación de equilibrio ambas empresas contratan gerente y no negocian tales contratos. En el caso de bienes diferenciados, cuando los bienes son sustitutos, las empresas contratan gerente y no negocian contratos forward; cuando los bienes son complementarios, una empresa contrata gerente y no negocia contratos forward y la otra no contrata gerente y negocia contratos forward. El mayor bienestar social se obtiene cuando las empresas utilizan contratos de incentivos gerenciales y contratos forward, y el más bajo se da cuando las empresas no utilizan estas herramientas estratégicas. Sin embargo, el nivel de bienestar social de equilibrio es un subóptimo.
Costos de enfermedades: Una revisión crítica de las metodologías de estimación
Authors: Ripari Nadia , Moscoso Nebel , Elorza María
Published: December 2022

Para avanzar en el conocimiento y estimación de la carga económica de una enfermedad surgen los estudios de costos de enfermedades. Estos identifican, cuantifican y valoran todos los recursos económicos asociados a una enfermedad, clasificándolos en costos directos, indirectos e intangibles. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir críticamente los diferentes métodos de estimación de cada uno de ellos. La valoración de los costos de una enfermedad generalmente involucra un vector de precios y cantidades. Las cantidades surgen de los recursos consumidos o perdidos. Los precios se estiman a partir del valor de mercado del bien o servicio, o bien, cuando no existe mercado, a partir de variables proxy o métodos específicos de estimación de preferencias individuales. Entre las principales debilidades metodológicas y teóricas encontradas se destacan problemas en la estimación del recurso “tiempo”, presencia de externalidades e imperfecciones de mercado y violación algunos postulados de teoría económica.
Eficiencia energética en microempresas de Medellín: un estudio de valoración de barreras
Authors: Vanegas Juan , Botero Sergio
Published: December 2022

La difusión y penetración de medidas de uso eficiente de energía tienen impactos positivos tanto sobre la competitividad como sobre las condiciones de seguridad de las firmas. Empero, tales impactos son difíciles de alcanzar en la práctica debido a la presencia de barreras que limitan la toma de decisiones por parte de los agentes económicos. Este trabajo identifica, evalúa y valora una serie de barreras al uso eficiente de energía en microempresas de Medellín (Colombia). Mediante el método Proceso de Análisis Jerárquico, se encuentra que la ausencia de incentivos, los altos costos iniciales de inversión, la falta de conocimiento e información del empresario, la falta de disponibilidad de equipos eficientes y los riesgos técnicos son las principales limitantes. Algunas estrategias para contrarrestarlas, plantean que la información debe responder al contexto específico, los instrumentos económicos considerar políticas de precios e incentivos financieros, y la regulación el establecimiento de estándares para mejorar parámetros tecnológicos.
Ciclos de negocios en Colombia, 1975-2011
Authors: Alfonso Viviana , Arango Luis , Arias Fernando , Cangrejo Guillermo , Pulido José
Published: December 2022

Se propone una cronología para los ciclos de negocios de Colombia en la concepción clásica del NBER; esto es, determinando las fechas de picos y valles en la actividad económica sin separar las series utilizadas en sus componentes transitorio y permanente. La cronología estimada sugiere que los cuatro ciclos completos que se han presentado entre 1975 y 2011 son asimétricos y tienen una duración aproximada de 6,8 años. Las expansiones duran en promedio 5,4 años mientras que las contracciones tardan 1,3 años. Los resultados se derivan de la utilización del índice de difusión acumulado con 41 series.
Prueba de hipótesis sobre la existencia de una raíz fraccional en una serie de tiempo no estacionaria
Authors: Lemus Diego , Castaño Elkin
Published: December 2022

En este trabajo se propone una modificación de la prueba de hipótesis propuesta por Castaño, Gómez y Gallón (2008) para determinar la existencia de memoria larga en un proceso ARFIMA(p,d,q) estacionario e invertible. En el caso puntual de los procesos ARFIMA(p,d,q), esta modificación permite determinar la existencia de una raíz fraccional en una serie de tiempo no estacionaria cuyo componente ARMA de corto plazo es indeterminado o desconocido. Vía simulaciones de Monte Carlo, se validan los resultados analíticos obtenidos en el trabajo y se demuestra el buen comportamiento de la prueba propuesta, en términos de potencia y tamaño, en comparación con otras metodologías disponibles en la literatura.
Chemical composition and anti-irritant capacity of whole body extracts of Ulomoides dermestoides (coleoptera, tenebrionidae)
Authors: MENDOZA MEZA Dary Luz , SAAVEDRA A. Stephanie
Published: December 2022

Background: In traditional medicine of Central and South America, the tenebrionid beetle Ulomoides dermestoides is used as an a phrodisiac, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recently was reported cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of non-polar extract of U. dermestoides; also anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of aqueous whole body extract of beetle was reported, it suggests the existence of components with potential pharmacology use. On the other hand, it is necessary to identify those polar and non-polar extracts of U. dermestoides with anti-irritant properties for the membranes and blood vessels, which will be used in subsequence biological test and clinical assays. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the chemical composition of methanolic and hexanic extracts of U. dermestoides, and to assess their anti-irritant capacity. Methods: The extracts were obtained from adult beetles of U. dermestoides. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the anti-irritant effect of each extract was evaluated by means of a modified assay of irritation of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs (HET-CAM); the

results were expressed as irritation index (IR). Results: Six common compounds were identified in both extracts: limonene, myristic, palmitic, estearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids. But in the alone methanolic extract were found: 1-pentadecanol, alpha-pinene, beta-phellandrene and alpha-terpinene, whereas in the

hexanic extract were found: 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dihidroxy-1-ethylbenzene, 2,5-dimethylquinone, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols. The methanolic extract of U. dermestoides showed potential anti-irritant effect in the HET-CAM test (IR = 3.09 ± 0.11), similar to that observed with Nimesulida (IR = 2.05 ± 0.14), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as positive control for irritation inhibition reaction. The hexanic extract did not show anti-irritant capacity. Conclusions: The results demonstrated the anti-irritant effect of the methanolic extracts of U. dermestoides that could be attributed to compounds with anti-inflammatory activity as oleic acid and limonene.
Las estaninas: química, técnicas analíticas, biosíntesis y farmacocinética
Authors: NIETO-RAMÍREZ Ivonne Jeannette , CHEGWIN-ANGARITA Carolina , ATEHORTÚA Lucía , SEPÚLVEDA ARANGO Liuda Johana
Published: December 2022

Antecedentes: Las estatinas presentan principalmente un efecto hipocolesterolémico, pero asimismo acciones biológicas adicionales, como efecto antiinflamatorio e inmunomodulador, actividad antioxidante, reducción de la incidencia de algunos tipos de cáncer, efectos benéficos en el metabolismo óseo y en el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas y el SIDA. Se dividen en dos clases: las estatinas naturales y las sintéticas, las cuales surgen como producto de la necesidad de potencializar el efecto de las primeras. Estas propiedades han impulsado las investigaciones encaminadas a la comprensión de su comportamiento químico y sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como la comprensión de la relación entre sus estructuras y las ya mencionadas actividades. Su estudio ha permitido el desarrollo de técnicas analíticas eficientes tanto para su determinación en diferentes matrices, como la optimización de los procesos de extracción, separación, cuantificación y elucidación estructural, así como ahondar en el planteamiento de sus rutas biosintéticas, lo que aportará herramientas para poder intervenir, mediante la biotecnología, en los procesos biosintéticos, buscando el aumento de su producción por un organismo específico. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión de la química, biosíntesis, farmacocinética y técnicas analíticas para la determinación de las estatinas con el fin de aportar, de manera rápida, conocimientos a quienes realizan investigaciones sobre estos metabolitos. Métodos: La revisión abarcó los últimos 12 años y se efectuó realizando la selección de aquellas investigaciones más relevantes que permiten conocer la química, las variaciones estructurales, las técnicas analíticas empleadas para la determinación de las estaninas y sus rutas biosintéticas. Asimismo, se pretendió abarcar un conocimiento general de sus acciones biológicas, farmacología y farmacocinética, tópicos estrechamente relacionados con sus diferencias estructurales. Resultados: Se obtiene un panorama general de los principales aspectos para el estudio de las estatinas, permitiendo seleccionar los mejores parámetros de acuerdo con lo requerido por los diferentes investigadores en el área. Conclusiones: La identificación de las estatinas requiere de diferentes procedimientos de extracción y separación, siendo los más empleados la SOE y la HPLC, respectivamente. Sus acciones biológicas están íntimamente relacionadas con su estructura. Los estudios de su toxicidad en mamíferos han demostrado que no hay evidencia de efecto carcinogénico, mutagénico, ni tóxico.
Antimicrobial activity of propolis and its effect on the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics in sausages
Authors: GUTIÉRRREZ-CORTÉS Carolina , SUÁREZ MAHECHA Héctor
Published: December 2022

Background: In the food industry, the use of natural additives capable of replacing chemical additives is increasing due to the tendency to consume natural and healthy foods. In nature, different substances such as propolis can fulfill that role and it is obtained from hives of honey bees. Propolis contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity, and thus, they could be used as an alternative for nitrites in meat products. Objectives : To evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanol propolis extract (EEP) of on some pathogenic bacteria and their influence on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of sausages. Methods: The ethanol extraction was performed, and its antimicrobial activity in vitro on S. aureus, Salmonella, E. coli and Clostridium spp. was determined. Sausages were prepared according to the following treatments: (1) EEP 0.8mg/mL, (2) 0.2g/Kg sodium nitrite and sodium erythorbate, (3) Alcohol (96% v/v used as control) and the physicochemical analysis was performed to determine thiobarbituric acid (TBA), volatile nitrogen bases (TVB - N) and sensoral tests every week for four weeks. Analysis of variance and Tukey test were performed and the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: No significant differences between EEP concentration, pH and TVB-N or sensorial properties (p > 0.05) were found. However, significant differences in TBA values were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A 0.8% EEP shows antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganisms evaluated. Further, the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of the product do not differ from the sausages containing nitrites.
adsorption thermodynamics of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) powder obtained by spray drying technology
Authors: LARGO-ÁVILA Esteban , CORTÉS RODRÍGUEZ Misael , CIRO VELÁSQUEZ Héctor José
Published: December 2022

Background: Sugarcane is one of the world’s largest crop. It grows in the tropical and subtropical regions, and its harvest provides 80% of the world’s sugar. In Latin America unrefined cane sugar is widely available and much less expensive than refined sugar. Sugarcane is a crop of great interest in Colombia due to the economic impact on the rural population and its application as sweetener agent. The poder of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is widely used as a raw material in a wide range of industries such as foods, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical. Objectives: The aim of the research work was the evaluation of the adsorption thermodynamics of sugarcane powder obtained by spray drying technology. Methods: The adsorption isotherms of sugarcane powder were evaluated at temperatures of 4 ± 0.1, 20 ± 0.2 and 30 ± 0.3 °C and its thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy (G), differential heat of adsorption (ΔH) and differential entropy (ΔS) were calculated as a function of moisture content. Experimental data of adsorption isotherms were fitted to the GAB (Guggenheim – Andersen - de Boer), BET (Brunauer – Emmett - Teller), Henderson, Caurie, Smith, Hasley, Peleg, and Oswin models. Results: The results showed a type-II sigmoidal behavior, with temperature having a statistically significant effect. The GAB equation showed a better fit to the experimental data modeling (0.11≤aw≤0.87) although all models showed validity and goodness of fit to the experimental data. The net isosteric heat increased to a maximum value (57 kJ mol-1) and then decreased with the increase in moisture content. Conclusions: The sugarcane powder with maltodextrin, obtained by spray drying got low adsorption thermodynamic stability, as it required very low energy to occur this phenomenon, being obtained the maximum net isosteric heat when moisture content of 4.7% (d.b). This value is within the range of the monolayer moisture content found in the GAB and BET models.
Contenido de compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de extractos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) obtenidos bajo diferentes condiciones
Authors: ROJAS-LLANES Jennifer Pilar , MARTÍNEZ Jairo René , STASHENKO Elena E.
Published: December 2022

Antecedentes: La mora contiene compuestos fenólicos que contribuyen a su capacidad antioxidante. El método más común para aislar estas sustancias es la extracción con solventes, que puede asistirse con ultrasonido para aumentar el contenido de analitos extraídos. Objetivos: Determinar las condiciones de tipo y concentración de solvente en agua, y de tiempo de extracción asistida con ultrasonido, con las cuales se obtiene el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos y el valor de capacidad antioxidante más alto en extractos de mora andina (Rubus glaucus Benth). Comparar la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de mora con la de antioxidantes de referencia como el di-terc-butilhidroxitolueno (BHT) y el a-tocoferol. Métodos: Se hicieron tres diseños de experimentos de dos factores con tres niveles cada uno. Las variables fueron la concentración de acetona, etanol o metanol en agua y el tiempo de extracción asistida con ultrasonido. Los observables-respuesta fueron el contenido total de compuestos fenólicos, que se determinó utilizando el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu, y la capacidad antioxidante, determinada mediante el ensayo ORAC (capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno). Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación entre las dos variables de respuesta. Se comparó la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de mora, obtenidos bajo las condiciones inferidas como óptimas, con las del BHT y del a-tocoferol. Resultados: Los extractos adquiridos con soluciones acuosas de acetona al 31% (v/v), asistiendo la extracción con ultrasonido durante 100 min, mostraron los mayores contenidos de compuestos fenólicos (30 ± 1 mg ácido gálico/g mora seca), y los valores de capacidad antioxidante más altos (273 ± 6 mmol Trolox®/g mora seca). El coeficiente de correlación entre las dos variables de respuesta fue 0,92. Los extractos de mora presentaron mejor capacidad antioxidante que el BHT y el a-tocoferol. Conclusiones: Bajo las condiciones óptimas de extracción, con las soluciones acuosas de acetona se obtuvieron el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos y el valor de capacidad antioxidante más alto. Se observó una relación lineal entre las dos variables de respuesta. Los extractos de mora, obtenidos bajo las mejores condiciones halladas, presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante en comparación con la de los compuestos de referencia analizados.
Flexibility of Virtual Team-based Learning in Teaching Medical Genetics
Authors: Ismail Noor Akmal Shareela
Published: December 2022

Team-based Learning (TBL) is a global education strategy designed to inculcate self-directed and active learning. The fallout is a new breed of students who are exposed to restricted and compromised teaching and learning methods via online platforms amidst this COVID -19 pandemic. Therefore, this innovation aims to explore the application of active learning among undergraduate medical students through virtual TBL. In this pilot study, the concept of medical genetics is introduced virtually through utilizing online platforms, Microsoft TeamsTM and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Learning Management System (UKMFolioTM), while maintaining the principles of TBL. Emphasis is placed on applied learning to apply the fundamental knowledge learnt during the preparation phase through team discussions and subsequent pitching presentations. Our study indicates no significant difference (p=0.404) in the mean score of students who participated in conventional face-to-face TBL sessions and virtual TBL. This suggests that active and self-directed learning can be integrated through virtual means with reproducible excellent results as with conventional face-to-face TBL. Nonetheless, issues related to Internet stability and insufficient content experts must be addressed if we are to tackle successful virtual teaching and learning.
BRIDGING MAYER’S COGNITIVE THEORY OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING AND COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IN TACKLING THE COGNITIVE LOAD ISSUES AMONG YOUNG DIGITAL NATIVES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Nor Ashiqin , Wan Yahaya Wan Ahmad Jaafar
Published: December 2022

In 2020, it is undeniable the existence of digital natives in the tertiary education especially in the university. They are part of a tech-savvy generation that lead to the technological progress which always be connected and linked based on their wishes and needs without any hesitation of time and places. They are basically use a technology without guidance but how far they can manage to handle the consequences of the technology usage and problems occur, are always been questionable. It is undeniable the cruciality for a digital native to start having at least a basic of computer knowledge in managing their education and daily life. Learning about the computer science not only helps students to create programs, application or how to handle the devices, but strengthen the practice of Computational Thinking (CT). CT refers to the capacity of learners to systematically tackle unstructured tasks focused on four computing concepts such as decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between CT and Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) towards the cognitive load of the learners. This research focuses on CT concept that will be integrated with the Mayer’s CTML in designing the learning material for young digital natives. Researcher therefore proposes a conceptual framework that aims to comprehend how to facilitate the cruciality of CT concepts in Mayer’s CTML when designing the instructional learning. The proposed conceptual framework adds value in tackling the cognitive load among students, particularly in the context of the digital native generation. This paper provides several implications and highlights for further studies through comprehensive and wide-ranging literature review.
Possibilities of Multiphoton Microscopy in Semiconductor Nanomaterials Research
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University ", Lemeshko P.S. ,   LETI",   , Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Spivak Yu.M. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Moshnikov V.A. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Multiphoton microscopy is the method using nonlinear optical effect which is two-photon absorption. It occurs when two identical photons are absorbed simultaneously. The photon energy should be around two times smaller than the photon energy for one-photon absorption. Thus, the excitation irradiation wavelength for multiphoton microscopy should be twice that for conventional confocal microscopy. Nowadays, multiphoton microscopy is widely used for biological research, but it is possible to apply this for non-biological materials studying, particularly, for solid-state materials and structures. Low-wavelength laser irradiation deep penetration, focusing and optical signal analysis possibility provides essential new challenges solving of hierarchical "smart" nanoparticles synthesis for target drug delivery, theranostics etc. In this paper we give an answer of some most popular questions about multiphoton microscopy. Nature and aspects of the multiphoton microscopy method were described. Advantages of this method in comparison with confocal microscopy method were shown. Multiphoton microscopy gives the best image contrast and the less photodamage and photobleaching of biological samples, and provides an opportunity of three-dimensional imaging of the biomaterials as well as the solid-state materials. Additionally, capabilities of this method for solid-state materials research were demonstrated by the porous silicon samples example. Also, multiphoton microscopy images of biological objects were shown.
Investigation of Field Emission Properties of Multi-Emitter Carbon Nanotube Cathodes
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Shaposhnikov S.S.
Published: December 2022

Currently, scientists are actively studying the properties of cathodes based on various carbon materials, including carbon nanotubes. The purpose of this work is the possibility of using multi-emitter carbon nanotube cathodes for the development of field cathodes. A study was made of the field emission properties of multi-emitter cathodes based on filaments of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. For the experiments, a structure was assembled from a plurality of cathodes placed on a common base. As a result, the hypothesis of additivity of currents at low voltage was confirmed.
Neuromorphic Electronic Module, focused on the Use of Memristor ECB, for Image Recognition
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University ", Ryndin E.A. ,   LETI",   , Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Mavrin I.A. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Andreeva N.V. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation, Luchinin V.V. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Currently, the expansion of the range of tasks solved by neural networks occurs mainly due to the complication of their structure, an increase in the number of neurons and synapses. Networks with thousands of neurons and tens to hundreds of thousands of synapses can achieve impressive results in the areas of speech processing, image identification, computer vision, etc., but at the same time, their use and training require significant computing power and energy costs. This is unacceptable for embedded autonomous systems, which, as follows from current trends, will constitute one of the most important applications for neural networks on a chip and must perform their tasks using a minimum number of elements and with minimal energy consumption. In this article a method for increasing the efficiency of hardware implementation and minimizing the number of electronic synaptic elements of asynchronous spiking neural networks (ASNN) in solving image identification problems was developed. To achieve this goal, a theoretical analysis of ASNN architectural solutions was carried out, the number of electronic synaptic elements was minimized due to the decomposition of the image identification problem, an ASNN software model was developed, neuron parameters were optimized and the neural network was learned (the weights of electronic synaptic elements were sat) on a software model. An ASNN electrical circuit was developed and the results of SPICE modeling were obtained. A hardware implementation of an asynchronous spiking neural network on serial electronic components was performed. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated in the process of optimizing the parameters of neurons and learning the neural network on the developed software model and confirmed by the results of SPICE modeling of the developed electrical circuit of the ASNN and the results of measuring the signals of the neural network implemented on serial electronic components.
Development and Research of a Micromechanical Rotation Sensor
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, 124498, Russian Federation, Zarjankin N.M. , Kochurina E.S. ,   Limited Liability Corporation "LMD", Moscow,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, 124498, Russian Federation, Vinogradov A.I. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, 124498, Russian Federation,   Limited Liability Corporation "LMD", Moscow, Boev L.R. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, 124498, Russian Federation,   Limited Liability Corporation "LMD", Moscow, Anchutin S.A. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, 124498, Russian Federation,   Limited Liability Corporation "LMD", Moscow, Timoshenkov A.S. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Zelenograd, 124498, Russian Federation, Timoshenkov S.P. ,   Limited Liability Corporation "LMD", Moscow
Published: December 2022

The description of the developed design of the sensitive element of the micromechanical rotation sensor is given, the simulation results are presented. The results of experimental studies are presented, showing the efficiency of the developed design. As a result of the study of the Bosch process using methods for planning multifactor experiments, the modes of deep etching of silicon were optimized. Prototypes of sensitive element MEMS accelerometers have been produced.
Review of the State and Prospects of Development and Application of Domestic Multilayer Piezoactuator for Rocket and Space Technology and Ground space Infrastructure
Authors:   Elpa Research Institute and Pilot Line, JSC, Moscow, Zelenograd, 124460, Russian Federation, Dayneko A.V. , Nikiphorov V.G. ,   Elpa Research Institute and Pilot Line, JSC, Moscow, Zelenograd, 124460, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The article gives an overview of the state of development and applications of actuators in the world. A method and technology for manufacturing domestic multilayer piezoelectric elements by the method of slip casting from the piezomaterial of the PZT system and multilayer piezoelectric actuators based on them is described. It is noted that in terms of their technical level, multilayer domestic piezo products correspond to the best foreign samples. Preliminary studies of multilayer piezoelectric products in Russia and abroad have confirmed their unique capabilities when they work in space instrumentation and ground structures for monitoring and controlling space objects. The results of studies on the use of multilayer piezo products of JSC "NII "Elpa" and their foreign analogues in systems are given. The results of the study of various design options for piezoelectric platforms of angular and linear displacements with nanometric accuracy are presented. The optimal design options are selected based on the use of special multilayer piezoactuator APM-1 and APM-2 for their use in rocket and space technology instruments and ground-based space infrastructure. The technology developed at JSC Research Institute Elpa makes it possible to create promising multilayer piezo products of various classes and purposes for rocket and space equipment and ground-based space infrastructure.
From Sex Offenders to National Heroes: Comparing Yemeni and Afghan Refugees in South Korea
Authors: Sheikh Farrah , Jeong Jin-han , Kim Kangsuk
Published: December 2022

This article examines discourses that shaped different outcomes for Yemeni refugees in 2018 and Afghan special contributors in 2021 in South Korea. Following the country’s mission to evacuate its Afghan interlocutors in 2021, Afghans are fast‐tracked for social integration through the creation of emergency enforcement ordinances, with South Korean society broadly welcoming them as national heroes and recognizing them as “special contributors” rather than refugees. In contrast, Yemeni refugees arriving in 2018 were subjected to Islamophobic and legal abuse, constructed as potential sex offenders and terrorists, and accused of being fake refugees. In both cases, refugee protections according to South Korea’s 2013 Refugee Law were withheld as Yemenis and Afghans were processed through alternative systems. This article concludes that Muslim refugee issues in South Korea are masculinized and delves into the multi‐faceted complex factors at play when analyzing the differences between the reception of Afghan evacuees and Yemeni refugees in the South Korean context.
Aberrations of DNA methylation in cancer
Authors: Maksimova V. P. , Usalka O. G. , Makus Yu. V. , Popova V. G. , Trapeznikova E. S. , Khayrieva G. I. , Sagitova G. R. , Zhidkova E. M. , Prus A. Yu. , Yakubovskaya M. G. , Kirsanov K. I.
Published: December 2022

DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Changes in DNA methylation patterns are characteristic of many malignant neoplasms. DNA methylation is occurred by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), while demethylation is mediated by TET family proteins. Mutations and changes in the expression profile of these enzymes lead to DNA hypo- and hypermethylation and have a strong impact on carcinogenesis. In this review, we considered the key aspects of the mechanisms of regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, and also analyzed the role of DNA methyltransferases and TET family proteins in the pathogenesis of various malignant neoplasms.During the preparation of the review, we used the following biomedical literature information bases: Scopus (504), PubMed (553), Web of Science (1568), eLibrary (190). To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, CyberLeninka were used. To analyze the mutational profile of epigenetic regulatory enzymes, we used the cBioportal portal (https://www.cbioportal.org / ), data from The AACR Project GENIE Consortium (https://www.mycancergenome.org / ), COSMIC, Clinvar, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
Morte materna em decorrência da COVID-19: revisão de escopo
Authors: Piza Thainá Ferreira de Toledo , Fumincelli Laís , Caroci-Becker Adriana , Mascarenhas Victor Hugo Alves , Baraldi Nayara Girardi
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: mapear o cenário da morte materna em decorrência da infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 em gestantes e puérperas. Método: revisão de escopo conforme o Instituto Joanna Briggs realizada por meio de uma estratégia de pesquisa na literatura disponível nos bancos de dados SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science e PUBCOVID19. A análise do material identificado deu-se por dois revisores independentes. Os dados foram extraídos por meio de um instrumento construído pelos autores, analisados, sumarizados e classificados como categorias conceituais. Resultados: dos 231 estudos encontrados, 66 foram elegíveis e tiveram os resultados sumarizados em quatro categorias conceituais: Desfecho morte materna em decorrência da COVID-19; Desfecho morte materna nas pandemias por Coronavírus; Morte materna por grupo obstétrico; Infecção por SARS-CoV-2, morte materna, recursos de saúde e determinantes sociais. Conclusão: a atenção vigilante, o diagnóstico precoce e o acesso em tempo oportuno foram eventos necessários para evitar a morte materna em 2020.
TEACHERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS INCLUSION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE CENTERS IN GREECE
Authors: Megalonidou Christina , Vitoulis Michael
Published: December 2022

Since 2015, increased numbers of refugee families with pre-school-aged children have arrived in Greece. Inclusion preschool refugee children in quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers is about embracing diversity, including every child holistically and providing opportunities for all children to participate and benefit. The present study examined the general ECEC teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusion of refugee children into their classroom in public ECEC centers, their behavior and factors that might influence the attitudes towards inclusion based on Eagly Chaiken’s  three-component model of attitude and Bronfenbrenner’s theory. The research sample consists of 114 ECEC teachers working at public municipal child care centers in the area of Thessaloniki in Northern Greece. The results showed that the ECEC teachers have positive attitude towards inclusion of refugee children, however seemed doubtful in the implementation of inclusion.
Academic Research Publications as a University Strategy from the Comparative Jurisprudence perspective: Édouard Lambert’s Viewpoint
Authors: Carlos M. H.
Published: December 2022

Édouard Lambert entered the global jurisprudence history as one of the founders of the European comparative tradition. The Institute of Comparative Law founded by him in 1920 became the first academic center for the aforementioned branch in Europe. Lambert’s professional activity was, among other things, connected with the formation of the young Soviet state.

This article deals with Lambert’s view point with respect to one of the key strategies of university development: the strategy of academic research publications. In this regard, Lambert acts not only as a publisher, but also as a mastermind, a pioneer of the publishing projects in question. In addition to the historical and legal aspects, this study also has methodological potential. A look at Lambert’s creative heritage allows observing the direct correspondence between the history of publishing and the history of legal thought.

Nowadays, when the publications by researchers or academic professionals are often considered in the quantitative rather than qualitative light (for no good reason), it is important to look back at the origins of the comparative thought in order to enrich the newest tradition of law with all the very best that comparative jurisprudence, as a vector for legal science development, gave the legal world.
Continuity in the Development of the Legal System of Scotland
Authors: Gubaidullin A. R.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the features of continuity in the Scottish legal system. The relevance of this topic is related to the development of mixed legal systems on the legal map of the world. There are also new needs of legal science and legal practice. The author examines the concepts of continuity and a mixed legal system. He goes on to describe the characteristic features of continuity in the development of the Scottish legal system up to 1707. This is done in the context of the normative, institutional, and doctrinal aspects of these processes. The influence of English common law occupies a special place among the factors of continuity. After that, the author examines the evolution of the legal system of Scotland in the XVIII—XX centuries. The autonomous nature of Scottish law is revealed. It was also based on the Act of Union 1707 and the Scotland Act 1998. The author uses foreign legal experience.
Scandinavian Welfare Model and its Features
Authors: Cherkasov A. I.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the features of the Scandinavian welfare model. Its main distinguishing characteristic is universalism, which presupposes the protection of the entire population from possible social risks. Receipt of social benefits and services, as a rule, is guaranteed to all residents of the state and is not conditional on employment. Under the current principle of social solidarity, all citizens participate in the financing of the social protection system and make a contribution commensurate with the income received. The system-forming element of the model under consideration is the trust of citizens not only in relation to each other, but also to the state and its politics. The problems that the Scandinavian model faces at the present stage are also considered. According to the author, these problems are determined by globalization, aggravated competition, worsening of the situation on the labor market, demographic changes, as well as the expanding influx of migrants
Possibilities and limitations of using machine text-processing tools in Russian radiology reports
Authors: Kokina Daria Yu. , Gombolevskiy Victor A. , Arzamasov Kirill M. , Andreychenko Anna E. , Morozov Sergey  P.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: In radiology, important information can be found not only in medical images, but also in the accompanying text descriptions created by radiologists. Identification of study protocols containing certain data and extraction of these data can be useful primarily for clinical problems; however, given the large amount of such data, the development of machine analysis algorithms is necessary.
AIM: To estimate the possibilities and limitations of using a tool for machine processing of radiology reports to search for pathological findings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To create an algorithm for automatic analysis of radiology reports, use cases were selected that participated in the experiment on the use of innovative technologies in the computer vision for the analysis of medical images in 2020. Mammography, chest X-ray, chest computed tomography (CT), and LDCT, were among the use cases performed in Moscow. A dictionary of keywords has been compiled. After the automatic marking of the reports by the developed tool, the results were assessed by a radiologist. The number of protocols analyzed by the radiologist for training and validation of the algorithms was 977 for mammography, 4,804 for all chest X-ray scans, 4,074 for chest CT, and 398 for chest LDCT. For the final testing of the developed algorithms, test datasets of 1,032 studies for mammography, 544 for chest X-ray, 5,000 for CT of the chest, and 1,082 studies for the LDCT of the chest were additionally labeled.
RESULTS: The best results were achieved in the search for viral pneumonia in chest CT reports (accuracy 0.996, sensitivity 0.998, and specificity 0.989) and breast cancer in mammography reports (accuracy 1.0, sensitivity 1.0, and specificity 1.0). When searching for signs of lung cancer by the algorithm, the metrics were as follows: accuracy 0.895, sensitivity 0.829, and specificity 0.936, when searching for pathological changes in the chest organs in radiography and fluorography protocols (accuracy 0.912, sensitivity 1.000, and specificity 0.844).
CONCLUSIONS: Machine methods with high accuracy can be used to automatically classify the radiology reports of mammography and chest CT with viral pneumonia. The achieved accuracy is sufficient for successful application to automatically compare the conclusions of physicians and artificial intelligence models when searching for signs of lung cancer in chest CT and LDCT, pathological findings in chest X-ray.