bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВИМИ РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ БАНКУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Волкова Неля , Довгань Роман
Published: December 2023

Стаття присвячена важливим аспектам визначення фінансової діяльності банку в умовах воєнного стану. У роботі проведено аналіз та систематизацію факторів, що впливають на фінансові результати. Особливістю є необхідність створення в фінансовому менеджменті спеціального організаційного блоку, який буде відповідати за управління фінансовими показниками компанії. Розглянуто, як загрози та ризики можуть впливати на фінансові результати банку, узявши до уваги чутливість банків до змін в економічному, фінансовому та політичному середовищах. Висвітлено можливі наслідки військових конфліктів, які можуть призвести до погіршення кредитоспроможності клієнтів. Доведено, це може призвести до збільшення кількості неплатоспроможних позичальників та збитків банку, а також до зупинення чи скорочення господарської діяльності, що вплине на прибуток підприємств та їхні доходи, які є джерелом погашення кредитів.
Improving chatter performance of a lathe spindle through grapho-optimization
Authors: Alzghoul Mohammad , Sarka Ferenc , Szabó Ferenc János
Published: December 2023

Structural modifications to spindle systems have been demonstrated in previous studies to improve their dynamical performance. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of a lathe spindle system in terms of chatter occurrence, while maintaining the same overall mass of the system. The design of the spindle system is optimized using the grapho-optimization method, employing the Kuhn-Tucker optimality criterion to evaluate the design parameters. Specifically, the thickness of the spindle shaft and the diameter of the shaft next to the chuck are varied. The optimized spindle system shows a significant improvement in the first natural frequency value compared to the original design; the first natural frequency is increased by 59.7 %.
Investigation of the depth impact of the ironing process using SEM images and CAD system
Authors: Ficzere Péter , László Noémi
Published: December 2023

The adoption of additive manufacturing within the automotive sector is progressively growing, primarily attributed to the technology's speed, relative ease of use, and its capability to manufacture components with intricate geometries that are beyond the reach of traditional methods. This holds especially true for enhanced or structured plastic parts. A variety of instrumental, analytical, and image analysis techniques are accessible for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of surface structures. This article outlines the potential of utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and CAD for image analysis in this context.
Investigation and comparison of iteration curves of optimization algorithms
Authors: Szabó Ferenc János
Published: December 2023

The iteration history curve of optimization algorithms is a saturation- type development curve or sigmoid shape curve. After an overview of several different sigmoid curves, the iteration history curve of the RVA (Random Virus Algorithm) is analysed in order to find its best settings for a given optimization problem. The analysis of the characteristics and numerical parameters of the iteration history curve provides the possibility to discover the speed and efficiency of the algorithm without the necessity to wait throughout the whole running until its final result, which can speed up numerical experiments during the search for the solution to the optimization problem and while ‘fine tuning’ the algorithm to the given task. Since sigmoid-type curves can be found in many different fields of life (the history of the sport world records, comparison of the achievements of several groups), the results of this analysis can be used in several different domains of life, when the ranking, comparison, evaluation or qualification of several individuals or groups is important.
Design of a universal device holder system
Authors: Tóth Dániel
Published: December 2023

During the performance of the dust chamber tests, the device systems must meet not only mechanical but also flow aspects, for this reason a special system –which cannot be used on other test equipment– must be developed to perform the dust tests. During the development of the concept of the modular device system (MDDT: Modular Device for Dust Test) designed for carrying out dust chamber tests, the design methods based on function analysis, used in the design of production equipment, can be well applied.
等速技术及其在传统运动功法康复效果评估中的应用进展
Authors: 陈 琳玮 , 杨 慧馨
Published: December 2023

该文对近年来等速肌力测试与训练系统评估传统运动功法干预康复医学领域中的研究进展作以综述。总结近年来等速技术在康复评定中的应用现状，归纳等速技术在康复评定中的具体应用指标和方法，对传统功法在康复治疗领域中的研究文献进行系统阐述，旨在推广传统功法在促进运动功能中的应用,总结和分析等速技术评估对于传统功法在促进运动功能的应用现状，以期为临床医务工作者在康复评定与治疗过程中提供一些借鉴，为探索传统运动功法在助力提高生命质量带来有限资料。
高校田径课程融入思政元素研究
Authors: 王 磊 , 梁 铁怀 , 刘 兆欣
Published: December 2023

新时代教育的根本任务是立德树人，就高校教育教学而言，最关键的地方就是要将高校思想政治工作，扎实地落实到课堂中去。然而，在目前的情况下，课程思政在课程中的融合度还不够，以高校田径课程为例，通过创新田径“课程思政”理念与模式，将田径课程知识点巧妙地融入思政内容，使得原本注重纯技术和纯知识的教学方式转变为全面推进课程思政建设的价值塑造、知识传授和能力培养三位一体的教学方法，最终实现社会主义大学人才培养这一目标，实现伟大的中国梦。
Stakeholders’ perceptions on the introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) in the maritime spare parts supply chain
Authors: Kostidi Evanthia , Nikitakos Nikitas , Lilas Theodore , Dalaklis Dimitrios
Published: December 2023

Spare parts supply chain (SPSC) plays a crucial role in keeping ship machinery running. This study, rooted in a thorough literature review encompassing both academic and industry research, as well as established standards, seeks to shed light on stakeholder perspectives regarding the integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) into the maritime spare parts supply chain (SPSC). The aim is to address fundamental questions critical to shaping the maritime spare parts supply chain with AM. The research employs a questionnaire-based methodology, deemed the most appropriate tool for capturing stakeholder perspectives, motivations, and concerns. Participants are categorized as “end-users” and “suppliers” of spare parts. The end-users in the maritime SPSC encompass individuals both on board vessels and in onshore offices, ranging from ship owners to engineers, surveyors, and staff in various departments. On the upstream side of the SPSC, the study engages with manufacturers and suppliers of spare parts, including original equipment manufacturers and third-party subcontractors, as well as various types of distributors and service providers. The research concludes with a comprehensive understanding of the maritime industry’s engagement with AM, balancing cost-efficiency with the preservation of service quality and operational readiness. It identifies significant barriers, such as quality assurance, the need for skills and knowledge, digital asset management, copyright protection, and equipment availability and costs. This study marks a pioneering exploration of stakeholder perspectives within the maritime SPSC concerning the integration of AM technology. It underscores the industry’s eagerness to embrace digital transformation while highlighting key challenges that must be addressed for a successful transition; this is clearly an added value from a practical perspective. As the maritime sector stands at the precipice of technological evolution, understanding these perspectives is integral to steering towards a more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable future.
Highlights

The study delves into the perspectives of diverse stakeholders in the maritime Spare Parts Supply Chain, and how they approach Additive Manufacturing
It reveals a comprehensive understanding of the industry’s commitment to cost-efficiency while maintaining service quality and operational readiness
The research identifies significant barriers hindering the integration of Additive Manufacturing
This study pioneers shedding light on the industry's enthusiasm for digital transformation and highlighting critical challenges that need addressing
The findings provide practical insights for the maritime sector as it navigates technological evolution
ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES DE REVESTIMENTOS DUROS, PRODUZIDOS COM ADIÇÃO DE PÓ DE NIÓBIO AO FLUXO NEUTRO, NO PROCESSO DE SOLDAGEM A ARCO SUBMERSO
Authors: Farah Alessandro Fraga , Gonçalves Andrei , Farah Solange , Gomes Marcia , Boldrin Edson
Published: December 2023

Nas indústrias, um dos fatores que afetam a produção é o desgaste contínuo de equipamentos devido à alta abrasividade de alguns produtos, tendo assim empecilhos nas demandas. O método utilizado para a restauração de componentes e máquinas, muitas das vezes efetuada pela Soldagem de Arco Submerso (SAW), é o da solda de revestimento, o que agrega mais vida útil aos equipamentos e componentes industriais. Este processo de soldagem é uma ótima opção para ser utilizada devido ao fluxo que protege a solda da atmosfera e as altas taxas de deposição, além do controle das propriedades mecânicas do revestimento obtido. O Nióbio, que atualmente está sendo utilizado comercialmente, tornou-se um potencial aditivo a está solda e sendo assim, um possível substituto a outros elementos utilizados no processo. Neste estudo foi verificada a influência da adição de Nióbio na forma de pó metálico, adicionado ao fluxo neutro, no processo de soldagem por arco submerso, para revestimentos duros. Os resultados obtidos no processo foram avaliados e mostraram grande potencial nas aplicações que requerem altas taxas de durabilidade desse tipo de material, baseado nas propriedades de dureza e resistência ao desgaste que foram estudadas.
Macropinocytosis as a potential mechanism driving neurotropism of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Lanser Dylan M. , Bennett Amelia B. , Vu Kiem , Gelli Angie
Published: December 2023

Cryptococcus neoformans can invade the central nervous system by crossing the blood-brain barrier via a transcellular mechanism that relies on multiple host factors. In this narrative, we review the evidence that a direct interplay between C. neoformans and brain endothelial cells forms the basis for invasion and transmigration across the brain endothelium. Adherence and internalization of C. neoformans is dependent on transmembrane proteins, including a hyaluronic acid receptor and an ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase. We consider the role of EphA2 in facilitating the invasion of the central nervous system by C. neoformans and highlight experimental evidence supporting macropinocytosis as a potential mechanism of internalization and transcytosis. How macropinocytosis might be conclusively demonstrated in the context of C. neoformans is also discussed.
Case report: C-reactive protein apheresis in cardiogenic shock: case series from the C-reactive protein apheresis in acute myocardial infarction-registry
Authors: Torzewski J. , Mattecka S. , Ries W. , Garlichs C. D. , Heigl F. , Fiedler J. , Sheriff A.
Published: December 2023

C-reactive protein (CRP) apheresis may preserve myocardial tissue after acute myocardial infarction with delayed revascularization. Ten consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock were graded using the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions shock classification and treated with CRP apheresis. All patients tolerated CRP apheresis well and were discharged in good clinical condition.
The HLA-B*57:01 allele corresponds to a very large MHC haploblock likely explaining its massive effect for HIV-1 elite control
Authors: Rahmouni Myriam , De Marco Lorenzo , Spadoni Jean-Louis , Tison Maxime , Medina-Santos Raissa , Labib Taoufik , Noirel Josselin , Tamouza Ryad , Limou Sophie , Delaneau Olivier , Fellay Jacques , Bensussan Armand , Le Clerc Sigrid , McLaren Paul J. , Zagury Jean-François
Published: December 2023

Introduction

We have reanalyzed the genomic data of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV (ICGH), centering on HIV-1 Elite Controllers.

Methods

We performed a genome-wide Association Study comparing 543 HIV Elite Controllers with 3,272 uninfected controls of European descent. Using the latest database for imputation, we analyzed 35,552 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region.

Results

Our analysis identified 2,626 SNPs significantly associated (p<5. 10-8) with elite control of HIV-1 infection, including well-established MHC signals such as the rs2395029-G allele which tags HLA-B*57:01. A thorough investigation of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with rs2395029 revealed an extensive haploblock spanning 1.9 megabases in the MHC region tagging HLA-B*57:01, comprising 379 SNP alleles impacting 72 genes. This haploblock contains damaging variations in proteins like NOTCH4 and DXO and is also associated with a strong differential pattern of expression of multiple MHC genes such as HLA-B, MICB, and ZBTB12. The study was expanded to include two cohorts of seropositive African-American individuals, where a haploblock tagging the HLA-B*57:03 allele was similarly associated with control of viral load. The mRNA expression profile of this haploblock in African Americans closely mirrored that in the European cohort.

Discussion

These findings suggest that additional molecular mechanisms beyond the conventional antigen-presenting role of class I HLA molecules may contribute to the observed influence of HLA-B*57:01/B*57:03 alleles on HIV-1 elite control. Overall, this study has uncovered a large haploblock associated with HLA-B*57 alleles, providing novel insights into their massive effect on HIV-1 elite control.
Risk factors for the rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Jinyuan , Zheng Yuehua , Li Puxian , Zhou Tao , Sun Zhen , Ju Tongze , Li Aijun
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The study aimed to identify potential risk factors for aneurysm rupture by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases for eligible studies from their inception until June 2023.

Results

Eighteen studies involving 17,069 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) and 2,699 aneurysm ruptures were selected for the meta-analysis. Hyperlipidemia [odds ratio (OR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.56; p < 0.001] and a family history of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.91; p = 0.001) were associated with a reduced risk of aneurysm rupture. In contrast, a large-size aneurysm (OR: 4.49; 95% CI: 2.46–8.17; p < 0.001), ACA (OR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.94–5.76; p < 0.001), MCA (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.73–2.69; p < 0.001), and VABA (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.24–3.91; p = 0.007) were associated with an increased risk of aneurysm rupture. Furthermore, the risk of aneurysm rupture was not affected by age, sex, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a history of SAH, and multiple aneurysms.

Conclusion

This study identified the predictors of aneurysm rupture in patients with UIAs, including hyperlipidemia, a family history of SAH, a large-size aneurysm, ACA, MCA, and VABA; patients at high risk for aneurysm rupture should be carefully monitored.

Systematic Review Registration

Our study was registered in the INPLASY platform (INPLASY202360062).
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for patients with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis and umbrella review
Authors: Rahim Fakher , Toguzbaeva Karlygash , Qasim Nameer Hashim , Dzhusupov Kenesh O. , Zhumagaliuly Abzal , Khozhamkul Rabiga
Published: December 2023

Background and objective

The potential impact of gut health on general physical and mental well-being, particularly in relation to brain function, has led to a growing interest in the potential health advantages of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics for the management of ASD. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness and protection of many drugs targeted at manipulating the microbiota in the treatment of ASD.

Methods

The present study employed a comprehensive examination of various electronic databases yielded a total of 3,393 records that were deemed possibly pertinent to the study. RCTs encompassed a total of 720 individuals between the ages of 2 and 17, as well as 112 adults and participants ranging from 5 to 55 years old, all of whom had received a diagnosis of ASD.

Results

Overall, 10 studies reported Autism-Related Behavioral Symptoms (ARBS). Regarding the enhancement of autism-related behavioral symptoms, there wasn’t a statistically significant difference between the intervention groups (combined standardized mean difference = −0.07, 95% confidence interval: −0.39 to 0.24, Z = 0.46, p = 0.65). We observed that in the patients with ASD treated with probiotic frontopolar’s power decreased significantly from baseline to endpoints in beta band (Baseline: 13.09 ± 3.46, vs. endpoint: 10.75 ± 2.42, p = 0.043, respectively) and gamma band (Baseline: 5.80 ± 2.42, vs. endpoint: 4.63 ± 1.39, p = 0.033, respectively). Among all tested biochemical measures, a significant negative correlation was found between frontopolar coherence in the gamma band and TNF-α (r = −0.30, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The existing body of research provides a comprehensive analysis of the developing evidence that indicates the potential of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as therapeutic therapies for ASD. Our findings revealed that those there was no significant effect of such therapy on autism-related behavioral symptoms, it has significant effect on the brain connectivity through frontopolar power in beta and gamma bands mediated by chemicals and cytokines, such as TNF-α. The psychobiotics showed no serious side-effects.
Psoriasis comorbid with atherosclerosis meets in lipid metabolism
Authors: Chen Liuping , Chen Huiqi , Guo Sien , Chen Zhijun , Yang Haifeng , Liu Yanjiao , Chen Xiaoling , Chen Xinming , Du Tingting , Long Xinyao , Zhao Jiaxiong , Guo Mingli , Lao Tianfeng , Huang DongHui , Wang Lei , Chen Jing , Liu Chunping
Published: December 2023

Psoriasis (PSO) is a common skin disease affecting approximately 1%–3% of the population, and the incidence rate is increasing yearly. PSO is associated with a dramatically increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the most common of which is atherosclerosis (AS). In the past, inflammation was considered to be the triggering factor of the two comorbidities, but in recent years, studies have found that lipid metabolism disorders increase the probability of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis. In this review, we discuss epidemiological studies, clinical treatment methods, risk factors, and lipid metabolism of psoriasis and atherosclerosis comorbidities.
TikTok video as a health education source of information on heart failure in China: a content analysis
Authors: Gong Xun , Dong Bo , Li Li , Shen Danping , Rong Zhiyi
Published: December 2023

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a complex and life-threatening syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While TikTok has gained popularity as a social media platform for sharing HF-related information, the quality of such content on TikTok remains unexplored.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on TikTok videos related to HF in China. The sources of the videos were identified and analyzed. The content comprehensiveness of the videos was evaluated using six questions that covered definition, signs and symptoms, risk factors, evaluation, management, and outcomes. The reliability and quality of the videos were assessed using three standardized evaluation instruments: DISCERN, JAMA benchmarks, and the Global Quality Scale. Additionally, the correlation between video quality and video characteristics was further investigated.

Results

Among the video sources, 92.2% were attributed to health professionals, while news agencies and non-profit organizations accounted for 5.7% and 2.1%, respectively. The content comprehensiveness score for the videos was 3.36 (SD 3.56), with news agencies receiving the highest scores of 4.06 (SD 3.31). The median DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores for all 141 videos were 26.50 (IQR 25.00–28.750), 2.00 (IQR 2.00–2.00), and 2.00 (IQR 2.00–2.00), respectively. Videos from health professionals had significantly higher JAMA scores compared to those from non-profit organizations (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis between video quality and video characteristics showed positive correlations between content comprehensiveness scores and video duration (r = 0.420, P < 0.001), number of comments (r = 0.195, P < 0.05), and number of shares (r = 0.174, P < 0.05). GQS scores were negatively or positively correlated with the number of days since upload (r = −0.212, P < 0.05) and video duration (r = 0.442, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The overall quality of the videos was found to be unsatisfactory, with variations in quality scores observed across different video sources. Content comprehensiveness was inadequate, the reliability and quality of the information presented in the videos was questionable. As TikTok continues to grow as a platform for health information, it is essential to prioritize accuracy and reliability to enhance patients’ self-care abilities and promote public health.
Enrollment, Engagement, and Effectiveness of a Large-Scale Diabetes Prevention Program Using Synchronous Distance Technology
Authors: Collins Casey , McCallum Erin , Nordby Kelly , Aggarwal Surabhi , Griffith Emily , Thomas Cathy , Dunn Carolyn
Published: December 2023

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that individuals with prediabetes are significantly less likely to develop type 2 diabetes if they participate in a lifestyle change program that results in at least 5% weight loss and 150 min of physical activity per week. The CDC recognizes distance learning as an effective delivery mode for lifestyle change programs to prevent type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess enrollment, engagement, and effectiveness of a type 2 diabetes prevention program (DPP) using synchronous distance technology. Eat Smart, Move More, Prevent Diabetes (ESMMPD) is an intensive 12-month DPP delivered using synchronous distance technology. Throughout 26 lessons, participants focused on healthy eating, physical activity, and mindfulness behaviors. Study findings showed a significant decrease in A1C (−0.24 p < 0.0001). Weight loss averaged 5.66% for those who completed the program. Based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, participants demonstrated statistically significant changes in self-reported confidence in their ability to perform all 18 health-promoting behaviors assessed (p < 0.0001). Participation in the program also resulted in the adoption of health promoting behaviors. A DPP using synchronous distance technology is an effective delivery mode to help participants adopt healthy behaviors, increase physical activity, and achieve the weight loss necessary to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Bench to Bedside Development of [18F]Fluoromethyl-(1,2-2H4)choline ([18F]D4-FCH)
Authors: Challapalli Amarnath , Barwick Tara D. , Dubash Suraiya R. , Inglese Marianna , Grech-Sollars Matthew , Kozlowski Kasia , Tam Henry , Patel Neva H. , Winkler Mathias , Flohr Penny , Saleem Azeem , Bahl Amit , Falconer Alison , De Bono Johann S. , Aboagye Eric O. , Mangar Stephen
Published: December 2023

Malignant transformation is characterised by aberrant phospholipid metabolism of cancers, associated with the upregulation of choline kinase alpha (CHKα). Due to the metabolic instability of choline radiotracers and the increasing use of late-imaging protocols, we developed a more stable choline radiotracer, [18F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]choline ([18F]D4-FCH). [18F]D4-FCH has improved protection against choline oxidase, the key choline catabolic enzyme, via a 1H/2D isotope effect, together with fluorine substitution. Due to the promising mechanistic and safety profiles of [18F]D4-FCH in vitro and preclinically, the radiotracer has transitioned to clinical development. [18F]D4-FCH is a safe positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, with a favourable radiation dosimetry profile for clinical imaging. [18F]D4-FCH PET/CT in lung and prostate cancers has shown highly heterogeneous intratumoral distribution and large lesion variability. Treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients elicited mixed responses on PET at 12–16 weeks despite predominantly stable radiological appearances. The sum of the weighted tumour-to-background ratios (TBRs-wsum) was associated with the duration of survival.
Optimization of Three Extraction Methods and Their Effect on the Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense
Authors: Zhu Hua , Yi Xin , Jia Si-Si , Liu Chun-Yao , Han Zi-Wei , Han Bang-Xing , Jiang Gong-Cheng , Ding Zheng-Feng , Wang Ren-Lei , Lv Guang-Ping
Published: December 2023

Dendrobium huoshanense is a famous edible and medicinal herb, and polysaccharides are the main bioactive component in it. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasound–microwave–assisted extraction (UMAE), and hot water extraction (HWE) conditions and obtain the polysaccharides named DHP-E, DHP-UM, and DHP-H. The effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties, structure characteristics, and bioactivity of polysaccharides were compared. The differential thermogravimetric curves indicated that DHP-E showed a broader temperature range during thermal degradation compared with DHP-UM and DHP-H. The SEM results showed that DHP-E displayed an irregular granular structure, but DHP-UM and DHP-H were sponge-like. The results of absolute molecular weight indicated that polysaccharides with higher molecular weight detected in DHP-H and DHP-UM did not appear in DHP-E due to enzymatic degradation. The monosaccharide composition showed that DHPs were all composed of Man, Glc, and Gal but with different proportions. Finally, the glycosidic bond types, which have a significant effect on bioactivity, were decoded with methylation analysis. The results showed that DHPs contained four glycosidic bond types, including Glcp-(1→, →4)-Manp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, and →4,6)-Manp-(1→ with different ratios. Furthermore, DHP-E exhibited better DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These findings could provide scientific foundations for selecting appropriate extraction methods to obtain desired bioactivities for applications in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
The Hexane Extract of Citrus sphaerocarpa Ameliorates Visceral Adiposity by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathways in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Zang Liqing , Kagotani Kazuhiro , Hayakawa Takuya , Tsuji Takehiko , Okumura Katsuzumi , Shimada Yasuhito , Nishimura Norihiro
Published: December 2023

Obesity is an emerging global health issue with an increasing risk of disease linked to lifestyle choices. Previously, we reported that the hexane extract of Citrus sphaerocarpa (CSHE) suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we conducted in vivo experiments to assess whether CSHE suppressed obesity in zebrafish and mouse models. We administered 10 and 20 μg/mL CSHE to obese zebrafish juveniles. CSHE significantly inhibited visceral fat accumulation compared to untreated obese fish. Moreover, the oral administration (100 μg/g body weight/day) of CSHE to high-fat-diet-induced obese mice significantly reduced their body weight, visceral fat volume, and hepatic lipid accumulation. The expression analyses of key regulatory genes involved in lipid metabolism revealed that CSHE upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes in the mouse liver (Pparα and Acox1) and downregulated lipogenesis-related gene (Fasn) expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Fluorescence immunostaining demonstrated the CSHE-mediated enhanced phosphorylation of AKT, AMPK, ACC, and FoxO1, which are crucial factors regulating adipogenesis. CSHE-treated differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes also exhibited an increased phosphorylation of ACC. Therefore, we propose that CSHE suppresses adipogenesis and enhances lipolysis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and AMPK/ACC signaling pathways. These findings suggested that CSHE is a promising novel preventive and therapeutic agent for managing obesity.
Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles via Anodic Stripping of Copper Underpotential Deposition in Bulk Gold Electrodeposition for High-Performance Electrochemical Sensing of Bisphenol A
Authors: Huang Zhao , Chen Zihan , Yan Dexuan , Jiang Shuo , Nie Libo , Tu Xinman , Jia Xueen , Wågberg Thomas , Chao Long
Published: December 2023

Bisphenol A is one of the most widely used industrial compounds. Over the years, it has raised severe concern as a potential hazard to the human endocrine system and the environment. Developing robust and easy-to-use sensors for bisphenol A is important in various areas, such as controlling and monitoring water purification and sewage water systems, food safety monitoring, etc. Here, we report an electrochemical method to fabricate a bisphenol A (BPA) sensor based on a modified Au nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite electrocatalyst electrode (AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE). Firstly, the Au-Cu alloy was prepared via a convenient and controllable Cu underpotential/bulk Au co-electrodeposition on a multiwalled modified carbon nanotubes glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then, the AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE was obtained via the electrochemical anodic stripping of Cu underpotential deposition (UPD). Our novel prepared sensor enables the high-electrocatalytic and high-performance sensing of BPA. Under optimal conditions, the modified electrode showed a two-segment linear response from 0.01 to 1 µM and 1 to 20 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.43 nM based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Determination of BPA in real water samples using AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE yielded satisfactory results. The proposed electrochemical sensor is promising for the development of a simple, low-cost water quality monitoring system for the detection of BPA in ambient water samples.
The Bioavailability of Drugs—The Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Stielow Marlena , Witczyńska Adrianna , Kubryń Natalia , Fijałkowski Łukasz , Nowaczyk Jacek , Nowaczyk Alicja
Published: December 2023

Drug bioavailability is a crucial aspect of pharmacology, affecting the effectiveness of drug therapy. Understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in patients’ bodies is essential to ensure proper and safe treatment. This publication aims to highlight the relevance of drug bioavailability research and its importance in therapy. In addition to biochemical activity, bioavailability also plays a critical role in achieving the desired therapeutic effects. This may seem obvious, but it is worth noting that a drug can only produce the expected effect if the proper level of concentration can be achieved at the desired point in a patient’s body. Given the differences between patients, drug dosages, and administration forms, understanding and controlling bioavailability has become a priority in pharmacology. This publication discusses the basic concepts of bioavailability and the factors affecting it. We also looked at various methods of assessing bioavailability, both in the laboratory and in the clinic. Notably, the introduction of new technologies and tools in this field is vital to achieve advances in drug bioavailability research. This publication also discusses cases of drugs with poorly described bioavailability, providing a deeper understanding of the complex challenges they pose to medical researchers and practitioners. Simultaneously, the article focuses on the perspectives and trends that may shape the future of research regarding bioavailability, which is crucial to the development of modern pharmacology and drug therapy. In this context, the publication offers an essential, meaningful contribution toward understanding and highlighting bioavailability’s role in reliable patient treatment. The text also identifies areas that require further research and exploration.
Essential Rule Derived from Thermodynamics and Kinetics Studies of Benzopyran Compounds
Authors: Chen Baolong , Hu Xin , Zhu Xiaoqing
Published: December 2023

Compounds with benzopyran as the core structure play an important role in the total synthesis of antioxidants, drugs, and natural products. Herein, the thermodynamic data of benzopyran compounds and their intermediates were measured and calculated by combining thermodynamics with kinetics. The mechanism of reactions between four benzopyran compounds and organic hydride acceptors was proven to be a one-step hydride transfer. The thermodynamic properties of these compounds and their corresponding intermediates were elucidated. The rationality and accuracy of the electrochemical measurement method were proved. Furthermore, the essential rule of unique structures being present between the C–H bond and para-substituent constants on the benzene ring, as shown in previous studies, was investigated. A simultaneous correlation between thermodynamics and kinetics was found for the hydride transfer reaction, in which the reaction site is connected with the substituent through the benzene ring, a double bond, or a N atom. The likely reason for the correlation between thermodynamic and kinetic is that the benzene ring, double bond, or N atom have the role of transferring the electronic effect. This finding can be applied to the calculation of the activation energy of hydride self-exchange reactions, the prediction of kinetic isotope effects, and explorations of selective reduction processes of hydride transfer in such organic hydride compounds.
Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Herbert Shannon , Woolf Kathleen
Published: December 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder experienced by women. PCOS is a lifelong condition associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological presentations. PCOS is also linked with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. While an association between body weight and PCOS has been noted, cardiometabolic risk factors are prevalent in individuals with PCOS across body weights. Currently, no consensus exists as to the most appropriate lifestyle strategy for mitigating cardiometabolic risk in PCOS. A large proportion of the literature is focused on weight loss for individuals with PCOS who are overweight or experience obesity, despite PCOS being prevalent across body sizes. The aim of this narrative review is to assess dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in individuals with PCOS across body sizes. A total of 51 articles are included in this review. Overall, randomized controlled trials are limited and most studies focus on weight loss, excluding individuals classified within a healthy body weight range. Studies that modified the dietary pattern without an energy deficit saw improvements in cardiometabolic risk. Thus, less restrictive dietary approaches may be effective at reducing cardiometabolic risk in this population. This review also highlights the need for more sustainable lifestyle interventions that meet the needs of individuals with PCOS of varying body weights.
Dampak Game Online Terhadap Pembelajaran
Authors: Halijah Halijah , Satnawati Satnawati , Yurni Ulfa Andi
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak positif dan negative bermain game online pada anak serta mengetahui bagaimana dampak bermain game online pada pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah anak remaja pada tingkat pendidikan SMP dan SMA yang bermain game online sebanyak 10 orang beserta orangtuanya. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan 3 tahapan yaitu tahap reduksi data, display data, dan kesimpulan atau verifikas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak dibiasakan bermain game melalui teman dan tetangganya serta bermain game bersama dapat mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan perilaku belajarnya sehari-hari. Anak yang tidak mendapat kontrol ketat dari orang tuanya saat bermain game online sesuai dengan keinginannya dan sebaliknya anak yang mendapat kontrol ketat dari orang tuanya bermain game online sesuai dengan batas waktu yang ditentukan oleh orang tuanya. Game online memiliki dampak positif dan negatif bagi anak-anak baik dalam perilakunya maupun dalam pembelajarannya.
Participation of Scientific Research Organizations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops in Ensuring Epidemiological and Epizootic Well-Being of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District during the Anthrax Epizootic Outbreak in 2016–2018
Authors: Poklonskii D. L. , Matveev A. V. , Rossoshanskaya N. V. , Ermilov N. V. , Lazarev I. V. , Eremin G. G.
Published: December 2023

2016 was marked by the largest epizootic of anthrax among reindeer and people in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The development of the emergency situation has led to significant economic and material losses to the region. The federal executive bodies, as well as scientific research organisations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops were attracted to the elimination of consequences of this epizootic. The aim of this work was to summarize the role of scientific research organizations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops in ensuring epidemiological and epizootic well-being of the Yamal Nenets Autonomous District during the anthrax epizootic outbreak in 2016–2018. The experts from the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence together with the experts from the territorial branches of Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing and executive bodies of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District have developed a «Comprehensive Anthrax Prevention Plan for the Territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District for 2017–2020». This plan was dedicated to the monitoring and analyzing the epizootic situation, to the movement control, to the vaccination of people at risk and animals, as well as to the systematic control of epidemiological and epizootic well-being (sampling). Due to the implementation of these measures, an anthrax outbreak in Yamal was localized in autumn 2018. In order to monitor the situation at the sites of the epizootic in 2016, the specialists from the scientific research organisations of the Russian NBC Protection Troops carried out the selection and delivery of biological samples to the laboratory base of the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of Russia for their in-depth study. The results of VNTR typing allowed to state, that the genotype ofBacillus аnthracisisolates, that caused the anthrax epizootic outbreak in the Yamal, was not exotic for Russia. The genetic material of B. anthracis, analysed by the experts from the branch office of the «48 Central Scientific Research Institute», showed that it was identical with the B.anthracisstrain genotype, obtained in 2016 in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.
The 2030 agenda and brazilian internalization
Authors: Gabriel Arpini Carlos , Silva Alan Patricio , Felipe Coelho Francisco , Albenes de Mendonça Cruz Cesar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: the Sustainable Development Goals define the goals that were defined to be achieved by the signatory member countries to reach by 2030 with the purpose of reducing indicators to promote equality and equity for all.
Objective: to describe the path taken towards the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, from its antecedents, main concepts and innovations, resulting in a fundamental and guiding element in the formulation of public policies.
Methods: study based on secondary sources of literature relevant to the topic, considering articles from national and international journals and recent productions on the Sustainable Development Goals
Results: the challenges of internalizing the Sustainable Development Goals, with the definition of national goals and indicators, addresses the challenges and setbacks in their implementation, especially with the national reorientation aimed at fulfilling the 2030 Agenda from this year onwards, especially in light of mid-cycle assessments, to take place this year.
Conclusion: the demobilization in the adoption of the 2030 Agenda at the Federal level, from 2019 onwards, as the global political scenario of successive crises has severely impacted the fulfillment of the agreed objectives, an accelerated effort to resume policies is necessary, involving public agents , civil society and academia, so that the second half of the time frame for implementing the 2030 Agenda is more assertive and achieves the proposed objectives and goals, without effectively leaving anyone behind.
Treatment Patterns of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogs for Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Clarke Callisia N. , Cockrum Paul , Beveridge Thomas J.R. , Jerry Michelle , McMorrow Donna , Tran Anh Thu , Phan Alexandria T.
Published: December 2023

Background: Long-acting somatostatin analog therapy (LA-SSA) is recommended as first-line therapy for treatment of unresectable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Understanding treatment sequencing and dosing patterns of LA-SSA is essential for clinical decision-making to provide value-based management of NETs.

Objective: To describe treatment patterns of LA-SSA among patients with NETs and subgroups with carcinoid syndrome (CS) in the United States.

Methods: This retrospective study utilized claims data from MarketScan® databases to identify patients with NETs and newly treated with LA-SSA between January 1, 2015, and October 31, 2020. Patients were stratified by index LA-SSA (lanreotide and octreotide long-acting release [LAR]). Reported 28-day doses were based on claim fields for days’ supply/drug quantity or units of service. Dose escalation was defined as increases in quantity or frequency. Continuous variables, categorical variables, and Kaplan-Meier estimated treatment durations were compared using t-tests, chi-square/Fisher’s tests, and log-rank tests, respectively.

Results: The study included 241 lanreotide and 521 octreotide LAR patients. Compared with octreotide LAR patients, treatment duration was longer for lanreotide patients (median, 41.3 vs 26.8 months; log-rank p=.004). Fewer lanreotide patients received rescue treatment with short-acting octreotide (7.9% vs 14.4%; p=.011), and a first (6.2% vs 27.3%) and second dose escalation (0.8% vs 5.2%; both p<.05). Among patients with doses reported, fewer lanreotide patients received above-label doses (2.5% [5/202] vs 14.4% [60/416]; p<.001). Among patients who ended treatment during follow-up, fewer lanreotide patients transitioned to another LA-SSA (18.9% [17/90] vs 33.6% [92/274]; p=.008). Similar treatment patterns were observed in CS subgroups. Results for switched treatment patterns were limited due to insufficient sample sizes.

Discussion: Real-world treatment patterns of LA-SSA were assessed using more recent administrative claims data. Compared with octreotide LAR patients, lanreotide patients were more likely to remain longer on initial treatment and starting dose without dose escalations and less likely to use rescue treatment and transition to another LA-SSA after discontinuation of the index treatment.

Conclusions: Findings from this claims study suggest a potential clinical benefit of lanreotide in NET management.
Prevalence of postpartum depression in Ghana: a systematic review study
Authors: Keku Emmanuel , Asabea Sandra , Nti Seth Junior , Kwamekyi Abigail
Published: December 2023

Postpartum depression affects many women and remains the fourth-leading cause of disability and premature death. This study reviewed Ghanaian mothers’ postpartum depression studies. This systematic study examined PubMed, Scopus, Up-to-date, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Proquest to estimate postpartum depression prevalence. Between 2009 and 2022, published papers on the prevalence of postpartum depression in English were analyzed. Postpartum depression, risk variables, and prevalence were all included in the search approach. An examination of the literature revealed that a trend in the prevalence of PPD has been identified. According to the research, Community-based research in Northern Ghana found prevalence rates between 16.8 and 33.5 percent, whereas estimates from the rest of the nation were between 3.8 and 11.3 percent. The findings from this study might also be utilized to guide future investigations and the design of preventive measures.
МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ РИНКОВОЮ КАПІТАЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Ковальська Л.Л.
Published: December 2023

В статті здійснено розробку механізму управління ринковою капіталізацією підприємства. Критичний аналіз змісту наукових публікацій учених виявив розбіжності в їхніх поглядах відносно трактування суті та складових механізму управління ринковою капіталізацією підприємств і комплексів. Відповідно механізм управління ринковою капіталізацією підприємств пропонується розглядати як сукупність методів, принципів, інструментів, які використовують суб’єкти управління підприємств задля збільшення їх ринкової вартості та підвищення конкурентоспроможності. В роботі детально розкрито мету, цілі, принципи, методи, функції та інструменти механізму управління ринковою капіталізацією підприємства. Реалізація таких елементів механізму дозволить підвищити ринкову вартість підприємства та забезпечити його конкурентоспроможність.