bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-adjoint time operator of a quantum field
Authors: Yau Hou Y.
Published: January 2020

We study the properties of a quantum field with time as a dynamical variable. Temporal vibrations are introduced to restore the symmetry between time and space in a matter field. The system with vibrations of matter in time and space obeys the Klein–Gordon equation and Schrödinger equation. The energy observed is quantized under the constraint that a particle’s mass is on shell. This real scalar field has the same properties of a zero-spin bosonic field. Furthermore, the internal time of this system can be represented by a self-adjoint operator without contradicting the Pauli’s theorem. Neutrino can be an interesting candidate for investigating the effects of these temporal and spatial vibrations because of its extremely light weight.
Mamallapuram Summit Held in Uncertainties: India’s and China’s Continuing Efforts to Pluck Low-Hanging Fruit
Authors: FENG Renjie , LEI Dingkun
Published: January 2020

This article attempts to review the major achievements of the Mamallapuram Summit and lend a contrast between Indian and Chinese analysts’ various interpretations of the event. It also uncovers the critical factors that contribute to the different interpretations by the Indian and Chinese sides, and identifies the areas that India and China could substantiate their cooperation and pluck the low-hanging fruit. The informal summit format supplements the formal diplomatic engagements to reduce risks of miscalculation and military conflicts, and also serves as a platform for India and China to collaborate in common interests such as reforming Western international institutions, etc.
Accounting for the Recent Uptick in US–Taiwan Relations
Authors: COPPER John F
Published: January 2020

This article assesses the Donald J Trump administration’s pursuit of closer relations with Taiwan beginning in March 2018, which some observers labelled as “playing the Taiwan card”. The US trade dispute with China was the backdrop. Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen and her party exaggerated the significance of this as they head towards an election in January 2020. It was uncertain, however, how lasting US policies might be and if the trend would continue if and when the trade war ended.
American Public Opinion and Cross-strait Relations
Authors: HU Shaohua
Published: January 2020

Amid the improved official relationship between Washington and Taipei, this article investigates the relationship between American public opinion and cross-strait relations. It introduces different types of surveys and polls related to the issue; examines the causes for the American public’s lack of attention to cross-strait relations; and discusses the interplay between public opinion and foreign policy, especially in the event of an armed conflict along the strait.
Do Japanese Economic Puzzles Validate Modern Monetary Theory?
Authors: XING Yuqing
Published: January 2020

Modern monetary theory (MMT) claims that a monetary sovereign government has an unlimited financial capacity to purchase whatever it wishes and fulfil its future financial obligations. It is impossible for a monetary sovereign government to be insolvent or go bankrupt. MMT advocates often cite Japan as a successful experiment of the MMT, because it is the economy that has the highest public debt among the OECD (Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development) economies and experienced dramatic growth in high-powered money supply since 2013, but has low inflation, stable yen exchange rates and zero interest.
Tracking shoppers
Authors: Kirkpatrick Keith
Published: January 2020

Retailers of all stripes are using technology to follow consumers through their brick-and-mortar stores in order to develop detailed profiles of their shopping habits and preferences.
Survey Experiments in International Political Economy: What We (Don't) Know About the Backlash Against Globalization
Authors: Naoi Megumi
Published: January 2020

This article reviews the cumulation of evidence from survey experiments in the field of international political economy (IPE) and discusses their strengths and weaknesses in explaining the backlash against globalization. I first review the advancements made by the most commonly used survey experiment design in IPE, namely the Globalization-as-Treatment design, in which scholars randomly assign information about different features of globalization and solicit respondents’ attitudes toward protectionism. Then I discuss three issues with this design in addressing key puzzles in the emergence of globalization backlash: ( a) using a coarse informational treatment that stacks the deck against the economic self-interest hypothesis; ( b) overattributing globalization as a source of hardship; and ( c) neglecting heterogeneous room-to-maneuver beliefs across and within countries. The article suggests alternative designs and strategies to study these questions. Evidence from survey experiments suggests that much of the globalization backlash we witness today is deeply rooted in domestic politics.
Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum motility in adult mouse ventricular myocytes
Authors: Drum Benjamin M. , Yuan Can , de la Mata Ana , Grainger Nathan , Santana L. Fernando
Published: January 2020

Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is the coordinated process by which an action potential triggers cardiac myocyte contraction. EC coupling is initiated in dyads where the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) is in tight proximity to the sarcolemma of cardiac myocytes. Existing models of EC coupling critically depend on dyad stability to ensure the fidelity and strength of EC coupling, where even small variations in ryanodine receptor channel and voltage-gated calcium channel-α 1.2 subunit separation dramatically alter EC coupling. However, dyadic motility has never been studied. Here, we developed a novel strategy to track specific jSR units in dissociated adult ventricular myocytes using photoactivatable fluorescent proteins. We found that the jSR is not static. Instead, we observed dynamic formation and dissolution of multiple dyadic junctions regulated by the microtubule-associated molecular motors kinesin-1 and dynein. Our data support a model where reproducibility of EC coupling results from the activation of a temporally averaged number of SR Ca2+ release units forming and dissolving SR-sarcolemmal junctions. These findings challenge the long-held view that the jSR is an immobile structure and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying its motility.
Manipulations of inhibition in cortical circuitry differentially affect spectral and temporal features of Bengalese finch song
Authors: Isola Gaurav R. , Vochin Anca , Sakata Jon T.
Published: January 2020

The interplay between inhibition and excitation can regulate behavioral expression and control, including the expression of communicative behaviors like birdsong. Computational models postulate varying degrees to which inhibition within vocal motor circuitry influences birdsong, but few studies have tested these models by manipulating inhibition. Here we enhanced and attenuated inhibition in the cortical nucleus HVC (used as proper name) of Bengalese finches ( Lonchura striata var. domestica). Enhancement of inhibition (with muscimol) in HVC dose-dependently reduced the amount of song produced. Infusions of higher concentrations of muscimol caused some birds to produce spectrally degraded songs, whereas infusions of lower doses of muscimol led to the production of relatively normal (nondegraded) songs. However, the spectral and temporal structures of these nondegraded songs were significantly different from songs produced under control conditions. In particular, muscimol infusions decreased the frequency and amplitude of syllables, increased various measures of acoustic entropy, and increased the variability of syllable structure. Muscimol also increased sequence durations and the variability of syllable timing and syllable sequencing. Attenuation of inhibition (with bicuculline) in HVC led to changes to song distinct from and often opposite to enhancing inhibition. For example, in contrast to muscimol, bicuculline infusions increased syllable amplitude, frequency, and duration and decreased the variability of acoustic features. However, like muscimol, bicuculline increased the variability of syllable sequencing. These data highlight the importance of inhibition to the production of stereotyped vocalizations and demonstrate that changes to neural dynamics within cortical circuitry can differentially affect spectral and temporal features of song.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reveal that manipulations of inhibition in the cortical nucleus HVC affect the structure, timing, and sequencing of syllables in Bengalese finch song. Enhancing and blocking inhibition led to opposite changes to the acoustic structure and timing of vocalizations, but both caused similar changes to vocal sequencing. These data provide support for computational models of song control but also motivate refinement of existing models to account for differential effects on syllable structure, timing, and sequencing.
A Study on the Sloshing Problem of Vertical Storage Tanks under the Action of Near‐Fault Earthquakes
Authors: Zhou Lijian , Xu Tian , Lu Zhaohong , Zhang Dong
Published: January 2020

In this study, through a vibration table test, finite element simulation, and research on the rationality of the wave‐height fortification of national storage tank specifications, the sloshing response of vertical storage tanks under the action of near‐fault ground motion was analyzed. The test results showed that the sloshing wave height of a vertical storage tank was larger under near‐fault or long‐period ground motions, and the relationship between the sloshing wave height and the peak acceleration of input ground motions was approximately linear. The numerical simulations of the model tank showed that the simulation wave height and the test wave‐height data were well fitted. Therefore, it was feasible to simulate the sloshing of large vertical storage tanks using ADINA software. In addition, a large number of sloshing simulations of near‐fault ground motions on 10,000 m3 vertical storage tanks were performed. The simulated wave height had a high correlation with the predominant period or pulse period of near‐fault ground motions. Under the calculation with similar parameters, the wave height of the tank standard in several countries had a lower fortification of the near‐fault excitation wave height. Through the root mean‐square method using a small sample size, a wave‐height correction under a near‐fault effect was applied to the wave‐height formula for the Chinese tank seismic specification. Finally, the problem of a double‐damping correction was addressed by adjusting China’s GB50341 wave‐height formula. This work provides a reference value for practical engineering applications.
Adipose Insulin Resistance and Circulating Betatrophin Levels in Women with PCOS
Authors: He Yirui , Hu Wenjin , Yang Gangyi , Guo Huilin , Liu Hua , Li Ling
Published: January 2020

The role of IR and metabolic disorders has become a crucial topic of study in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Adipose tissue is an important target organ of insulin, and adipose IR plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PCOS. This study seeks to investigate the role of adipose IR in the development of PCOS and to examine its relationship with circulating betatrophin levels in women with PCOS. A cross‐sectional analysis of a cohort of women with PCOS and healthy women was performed in this study. Serum betatrophin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Adipose IR was calculated using the product of fasting insulin and FFA concentrations, and the relationship between adipose IR, circulating betatrophin, and other parameters was analyzed. Adipose IR in women with PCOS was significantly higher than that in controls. We found that women with PCOS who have adipose IR (adipose IR ≥ 55) have a higher BMI and higher blood glucose, insulin, PRL, FFA, TG, HOMA‐IR, AUCglucose, AUCinsulin, VAIfemale, and BAI levels than PCOS‐afflicted women without adipose IR, while M‐values, and SHBG and LH levels were lower. In women with PCOS, serum betatrophin levels were significantly increased compared with controls. Adipose IR negatively correlated with M values and positively with circulating betatrophin levels in the study population. After metformin treatment, circulating betatrophin levels and adipose IR in women with PCOS were significantly decreased compared with pretreatment. Adipose IR is associated with betatrophin levels in women with PCOS. The combination of adipose IR and circulating betatrophin measurements may be significant for screening patients with PCOS.
Improved Manipulator Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Based on Potential Field Method
Authors: Zhao Ming , Lv Xiaoqing
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the existing artificial potential field method, it still has the defects of easy to fall into local extremum, low success rate and unsatisfactory path when solving the problem of obstacle avoidance path planning of manipulator. An improved method for avoiding obstacle path of manipulator is proposed. First, the manipulator is subjected to invisible obstacle processing to reduce the possibility of its own collision. Second, establish dynamic virtual target points to enhance the predictive ability of the manipulator to the road ahead. Then, the artificial potential field method is used to guide the manipulator movement. When the manipulator is in a local extreme or oscillating, the extreme point jump-out function is used in real time to make the end point of the manipulator produce small displacements and change the action direction to effectively jump out of the dilemma. Finally, the manipulator is controlled to avoid all obstacles and move smoothly to form a spatial optimization path from the start point to the end point. The simulation experiment shows that the proposed method is more suitable for complex working environment and effectively improves the success rate of manipulator path planning, which provides a reference for further developing the application of manipulator in complex environment.
Developing a New Spatial Unit for Macroscopic Safety Evaluation Based on Traffic Density Homogeneity
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Lin , Xu Chengcheng
Published: January 2020

Macrolevel crash modeling has been extensively applied to investigate the safety effects of demographic, socioeconomic, and land use factors, in order to add safety knowledge into traffic planning and policy-making. In recent years, with the increasing attention to regional traffic management and control, the safety effects of macrolevel traffic flow parameters may also be of interest, in order to provide useful safety knowledge for regional traffic operation. In this paper, a new spatial unit was developed using a recursive half-cut partitioning procedure based on a normalized cut (NC) minimization method and traffic density homogeneity. Two Bayesian lognormal models with different conditional autoregressive (CAR) priors were applied to examine the safety effects of traffic flow characteristics at the NC level. It was found that safety effects of traffic flow exist at such macrolevel, indicating the necessity of considering safety for regional traffic control and management. Furthermore, traffic flow effects were also examined for another two spatial units: Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) and Census Tract (CT). It was found that ecological fallacy and atomic fallacy could exist without considering traffic flow parameters at those planning-based levels. In general, safety needs to be considered for regional traffic operation and the effects of traffic flow need to be considered for spatial crash modeling at various spatial levels.
Texture Detection of Aluminum Foil Based on Top‐Hat Transformation and Connected Region Segmentation
Authors: He Fei , Hu Yuxing , Wang Jian
Published: January 2020

A new method of texture detection for aluminum foil based on digital image processing technology is proposed. Top‐hat transformation and image segmentation technology based on the connected domain are used to change the method of determining texture fraction by using human experience. Compared with the brightness method, pit detection method, and EBSD technology, this method can complete quantitative detection efficiently, automatically, and accurately, and reduce the detection time and manpower. It eliminates the instability of manual detection and ensures the accuracy of detection. By this method, the error of test results can be controlled within 1.6%, which is much better than 7.3% of the brightness method and 4% of the pitting method. It provides more accurate test results for the production process control of aluminum foil.
Husband Support Rises Women’s Awareness of Preconception Care in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Abrha Mulugeta Woldu , Asresu Tsrity Tadese , Weldearegay Haftom Gebrehiwot
Published: January 2020

Background. Preconception care (PCC) aims to improve pregnancy and health outcomes of mothers and their offspring. However, there is no adequate evidence of awareness on preconception care in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the level of awareness and associated factors of preconception care among currently delivered mothers. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 561 mothers in Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Odds ratio presented with 95% confidence interval, and a p value <0.25 at bivariable and p value <0.01 at multivariable logistic regression were used to declare statistical significance. Results. 39.0% of mothers were aware of preconception care. Awareness of preconception care was lower among mothers who did not have joint plan discussion with their partner (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI (0.08, 0.28)); did not have a history of adverse pregnancy outcome (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI (0.25, 0.83)), and did not receive husband support (AOR = 0.10; 95% CI (0.05, 0.19)). Conclusion. Women’s awareness of preconception care remains low. Joint plan discussion with the partner, previous history of adverse pregnancy outcome, and husband support were statistically significant predictors of awareness of preconception care. Thus, informing and sensitizing women and advocating husband support on preconception care are needed.
99mTc-68Ga-ICG-Labelled Macroaggregates and Nanocolloids of Human Serum Albumin: Synthesis Procedures of a Trimodal Imaging Agent Using Commercial Kits
Authors: Persico Marco Giovanni , Marenco Manuela , De Matteis Gianluca , Manfrinato Giulia , Cavenaghi Giorgio , Sgarella Adele , Aprile Carlo , Lodola Lorenzo
Published: January 2020

Recent developments in sentinel lymph node (SLN) and radio occult lesion localization (ROLL) highlight the need for a multimodal contrast agent, providing better presurgical PET imaging and improved intraoperative mapping thanks to fluorescence detection. For this reason, we have studied a trimodal SLN/ROLL targeting agent (99mTc-68Ga-ICG) with commercially available kits of macroaggregated or nanocolloidal albumin (MA/NC-HSA). 68Ga PET imaging does provide better spatial resolution and makes it possible to predict signal intensity during surgery. The presence of 99mTc assesses the efficacy of these compounds in vitro and also during the surgery procedure. The aim of this study was to optimise the labelling and tagging of these two radiopharmaceuticals and assess their yields and stability. Kits of MA/NC-HSA particles (Pulmocis® and NanoAlbumon®) were used for sequential radiolabelling with 99mTc and 68Ga. Fluorescent tagging was performed using indocyanine green, a tricarbocyanine dye. The ITLC radiochemical purity of the trilabelled MA/NC-HSA was >95%. Fluorescent purity was measured by scanning the strips with a PhotoDynamicEye probe. Finally, in vitro stability tests, performed with DTPA and human serum solutions, assessed the efficacy of fluorescent tagging and radiolabelling.
βτ1,τ2-Continuous Multifunctions on Bitopological Spaces
Authors: Laprom Kaewta , Boonpok Chawalit , Viriyapong Chokchai
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts ofβτ1,τ2-continuous multifunctions and almostβτ1,τ2-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, some characterizations ofβτ1,τ2-continuous multifunctions and almostβτ1,τ2-continuous multifunctions are investigated.
The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Oat Lodging in the UK and Republic of Ireland
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Finnan John , Baker Chris , Sterling Mark
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the impact that climate change may have on the lodging of oats in the Republic of Ireland and the UK. Through the consideration of a novel lodging model representing the motion of an oat plant due to the interaction of wind and rain and integrating future predictions of wind and rainfall due to climate change, appropriate conclusions have been made. In order to provide meteorological data for the lodging model, wind and rainfall inputs are analysed using 30 years’ time series corresponding to peak lodging months (June and July) from 38 meteorological stations in the United Kingdom and the Irish Republic, which enables the relevant probability density functions (PDFs) to be established. Moreover, climate data for the next six decades in the British Isles produced by UK climate change projections (UKCP18) are analysed, and future wind and rainfall PDFs are obtained. It is observed that the predicted changes likely to occur during the key growing period (June to July) in the next 30 years are in keeping with variations, which can occur due to different husbandry treatments/plant varieties. In addition, the utility of a double exponential function for representing the rainfall probability has been observed with appropriate values for the constants given.
Detection of Fusion Genes Using a Targeted RNA Sequencing Panel in Gastrointestinal and Rare Cancers
Authors: Lee Su Jin , Hong Jung Yong , Kim Kyung , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kang So Young , Lee Taeyang , Kim Seung Tae , Park Se Hoon , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Lee Jeeyun , Park Joon Oh
Published: January 2020

Successful identification and targeting of oncogenic gene fusion is a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Here, we investigate the therapeutic implications and feasibility of using a targeted RNA sequencing panel to identify fusion genes in gastrointestinal and rare cancers. From February through December 2017, patients with gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, gynecologic, sarcoma, or rare cancers were recruited for a clinical sequencing project at Samsung Medical Center (NCT #02593578). The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 31–81 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.3 : 1. A total of 118 patients passed the quality control process for a next-generation sequencing- (NGS-) based targeted sequencing assay. The NGS-based targeted sequencing assay was performed to detect gene fusions in 36–53 cancer-implicated genes. The following cancer types were included in this study: 28 colorectal cancers, 27 biliary tract cancers, 25 gastric cancers, 18 soft tissue sarcomas, 9 pancreatic cancers, 6 ovarian cancers, and 9 other rare cancers. Strong fusion was detected in 25 samples (21.2%). We found that 5.9% (7/118) of patients had known targetable fusion genes involving NTRK1 (n=3), FGFR (n=3), and RET (n=1), and 10.2% (12/118) of patients had potentially targetable fusion genes involving RAF1 (n=4), BRAF (n=2), ALK (n=2), ROS1 (n=1), EGFR (n=1), and CLDN18 (n=2). Thus, we successfully identified a substantial proportion of patients harboring fusion genes by RNA panel sequencing of gastrointestinal/rare cancers. Targetable and potentially targetable involved fusion genes were NTRK1, RET, FGFR3, FGFR2, BRAF, RAF1, ALK, ROS1, and CLDN18. Detection of fusion genes by RNA panel sequencing may be beneficial in refractory patients with gastrointestinal/rare cancers.
Protecting Metadata of Access Indicator and Region of Interests for Image Files
Authors: Kim JeongYeon
Published: January 2020

With popularity of social network services, the security and privacy issues over shared contents receive many attentions. Besides, multimedia files have additional concerns of copyright violation or illegal usage to share over communication networks. For image file management, JPEG group develops new image file format to enhance security and privacy features. Adopting a box structure with different application markers, new standards for privacy and security provide a concept of replacement substituting a private part of the original image or metadata with an alternative public data. In this paper, we extend data protection features of new JPEG formats to remote access control as a metadata. By keeping location information of access control data as a metadata in image files, the image owner can allow or deny other’s data consumption regardless where the media file is. License issue also can be resolved by applying new access control schemes, and we present how new formats protect commercial image files against unauthorized accesses.
Understanding the Rural–Rural Migration of Health Workers in Two Selected Districts of Tanzania
Authors: Sirili Nathanael , Simba Daudi
Published: January 2020

Globally, rural–urban migration has been the focus in addressing the question of availability of health workers in rural areas. Often, the rural–rural migration of health workers, another important dimension is neglected. This study aimed to analyze the magnitude and the underlying factors for rural–rural migration of health workers in two rural districts of Tanzania. An exploratory comparative cross-sectional study adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches was carried out in two districts of Kilwa in Lindi region, southern Tanzania, and Rombo in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. In a quantitative approach, 174 health workers (both clinicians and nonclinicians) filled in a self-administered questionnaire between August 2015 and September 2016. For the qualitative sub-study, 14 key informants that included health facilities in-charges and district health managers from the two districts were interviewed. In addition, three focus group discussions were conducted with members of the health facilities committee, in the two districts. Over 40% of health workers migrated from one workstation to another between 2011 and 2015. Close to 70% of the migrated health workers, migrated within the same districts. The proportion of health workers migrated was higher in Kilwa compared to Rombo. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The major underlying factors for migration in both districts were: Caring for the family and Unfavorable working and living conditions. In Kilwa, unlike Rombo, rejection by the community, superstitious beliefs, and lack of social services, were the other major factors underlying migration of the health workers. While addressing rural–urban migration, attention should be paid also to the rural–rural migration of health workers. Lastly, addressing the migration of health workers is a multi-dimensional issue that needs the engagement of all stakeholders within and beyond the health sector.
Sustainable High‐Ductility Concrete with Rapid Self‐Healing Characteristic by Adding Magnesium Oxide and Superabsorbent Polymer
Authors: Wu Shuyin , Lu Guoyang , Liu Quan , Liu Pengfei , Yang Jun
Published: January 2020

As a class of high‐ductility concrete, engineered cementitious composites (ECC) have wide application prospects in engineering fields. However, the occurrence of cracks and the limited self‐healing ability hinder the development of ECC. Rapid self‐healing has important significance for ECC in reducing maintenance costs and prolonging service life, which are conducive to sustainable development of ECC. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to enhance the self‐healing property of ECC by adding light‐burned magnesium oxide (MgO) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on the premise of maintaining the high ductility. First, the effect of MgO and SAP on the ductility property of ECC which is the most important feature was explored with the uniaxial tensile test. The results indicated that MgO is helpful to the strength but not conducive to the ductility of ECC, while SAP has an opposite effect. The effects of MgO and SAP on the ductility of ECC can be balanced. Later, the permeability test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the effects of MgO and SAP on the self‐healing property of ECC. The results showed that the combined addition of MgO and SAP shows much better effect than the individual addition and can cut the healing time by half. Overall, it is concluded that ECC with MgO and SAP have the potential for self‐healing, and the ductility can also be reconciled.
Preparation and Property Study of Organosilicon Antisticking Coatings
Authors: Zhu Yongfu , Cao Bojun , Zhang Jitang , Zhai Xiaojie , Guan Dongbo
Published: January 2020

In this article, an organosilicon antisticking coating was synthesized from vinyl silicone oil, hydrogen‐containing silicone oil, and platinum catalyst. Firstly, the methyl vinyl MQ (mono and quad) silicone resin was added. When the silicone content was 30 wt.%, the shore hardness and tensile strength increased to about 27.4% and 115.9%, respectively. Furthermore, nano‐SiO2 powder was added to further improve its antisticking property. This was due to the change of the surface roughness, which could greatly improve the antisticking performance. When the nano‐SiO2 powder content was 2 wt.%, the surface free energy and antisticking force were the lowest and the antisticking effect was the best as well and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber had been improved.
An Analytical Model for Predicting Ground Pressure under a Rigid-Flexible Tracked Vehicle on Soft Ground
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Cheng Kai
Published: January 2020

Ground pressure is a significant parameter for the mobility, tractive performance, and soil compaction. In this study, an analytical model for predicting ground pressure distribution under a rigid-flexible tracked vehicle on soft ground was developed. The model considered the primary design parameters of the tracked vehicle, soil characteristics, and soil shear. The ground pressure was not uniform, and its maximum values under the roadwheels were 90.20, 103.57, and 150.14 kPa. The ground pressure was inversely proportional to the ratio of the lengths of the flexible track and rigid grouser. An experiment was conducted to verify the analytical model. The maximum error between the measured and simulated results was smaller than 8%, thereby verifying the analytical model.
Physicochemical Properties, Mineral Content, Antioxidant Activities, and Microbiological Quality of Bupleurum spinosum Gouan Honey from the Middle Atlas in Morocco
Authors: Laaroussi Hassan , Bouddine Toufik , Bakour Meryem , Ousaaid Driss , Lyoussi Badiaa
Published: January 2020

Monofloral honeys (Bupleurum Spinosum) collected from different geographical locations of Moroccan Middle Atlas were evaluated for various potential attributes. For physicochemical parameters, the results showed the following values: pH (4.02–4.81); free acidity (12.16–31.85 mEq/kg); lactonic acidity (4.98–14.14 mEq/kg); total acidity (18.37–45.53 mEq/kg); moisture (15.81–19.20%); ash (0.21–0.55); electrical conductivity (427.38–682.16 mS/cm); diastasic activity (10.76–26.01); TSS (80.40–84.20%); melanoidins (0.21–1.15), and Pfund scale (30.47–175.53 mm). Potassium was the most important mineral among the tent evaluated elements, followed by sodium and calcium. All tested samples have high antioxidant activities and correlate with phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid content. In regards to safety (sulfite-reducing clostridia and Salmonella spp.) and sanitary quality (faecal coliforms), all honey samples were negative. In addition, low counts of yeast and molds were detected, and the values of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Bacillus Sp. confirm the good quality of honey. The outcome of this study showed that all samples have good physicochemical properties, high antioxidant activities, and acceptable microbiological state, respecting the quality control criteria set by the international norms.
Phase Structure and Quasinormal Modes of AdS Black Holes in Rastall Theory
Authors: Zou De-Cheng , Zhang Ming , Yue Ruihong
Published: January 2020

We discuss the P−V criticality and phase transition in the extended phase space of anti-de Sitter(AdS) black holes in four-dimensional Rastall theory and recover the Van der Waals (VdW) analogy of small/large black hole (SBH/LBH) phase transition when the parameters ωs and ψ satisfy some certain conditions. Later, we further explore the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of massless scalar perturbations to probe the SBH/LBH phase transition. It is found that it can be detected near the critical point, where the slopes of the QNM frequencies change drastically in small and large black holes.
Application of Platelet-Rich Fibrin as Regeneration Assistant in Immediate Auototransplantation of Third Molar with Unformed Roots: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Alkofahi Hamzah , Maghaireh Alaa , Fnaish Mamoon , Jarrah Mohammad , Bataineh Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Background. Autogenous Tooth Transplantation (ATT) is the surgical movement of a maturely or immaturely formed tooth from its original site to another extraction site or a surgically prepared socket in the same individual. The most important factor in the healing process after autotransplantation is the presence of intact and viable periodontal ligament cells, which have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and able to induce bone production. ATT can successfully replace removable dentures as a restoration option in a growing patient, while implants can be placed only after skeletal maturity is attained.Case Presentation.In this case, we presented an immediate ATT of the third molar with unformed roots to the extraction socket of the first molar with evidence of continued root formation after 2 years of follow-up.Conclusion. Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) can induce sustainable and accelerated healing, and it can also induce the regeneration process of the periodontal tissues and pulpal formation. This process plays a key role in future root development and success rate.
Multivariable Tracking Control of a Bioethanol Process under Uncertainties
Authors: Fernández M. Cecilia , Pantano M. Nadia , Serrano Emanuel , Scaglia Gustavo
Published: January 2020

Bioethanol is one of the most studied alternative fuels nowadays. Due to its production process complexity and the low quality of the mathematical models that describe it, a reliable controller is needed to maximize the fuel production and minimize its environmental impact, even in the presence of uncertainty. Here, a controller for tracking optimal profiles considering model errors and external perturbations is proposed. This work is an improvement of a previously presented technique. To reduce the earlier mentioned uncertainties’ effect during the fermentation, some tracking error integrators are added in the control action calculation. This simple modification ensures the tracking error convergence to zero, even in the presence of uncertainties (demonstration available). Different tests are carried out and a performance comparison with the original controller is shown to highlight improvements in the tracking error of up to 98% when integrators are incorporated. Furthermore, a classical PI controller is contrasted with the proposed techniques.
Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Brazilian Red Propolis Containing‐Dentifrice in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Furtado Júnior João Hildo de Carvalho , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Fonseca Said Gonçalves da Cruz , Lobo Patrícia Leal Dantas , Calixto Lays Helena Maia , Lima Ana Gleyce Ferreira , de Aguiar Maria Helena Ramos , Arruda Isadora Sousa , Lotif Mara Assef Leitão , Rodrigues Neto Edilson Martins , Fonteles Marta Maria de França
Published: January 2020

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of dentifrice containing brazilian red propolis (BRP) in adolescents under orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods. This is a randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial. A total of 92 participants free from caries were randomized into 2 groups; the first received fluoride dentifrice, and the second received fluoride dentifrice incorporated with BRP. The gingival bleeding index (GBI) was recorded, and saliva was collected on the baseline (D0) and after 28 days (D28) for microbiological analysis. Data from GBI and Colony Forming Units (CFU) (log10) were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Results. The two groups reduced GBI significantly, with no difference in the intergroup analysis. In the intragroup analysis, it was observed that G2 (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram‐negative bacteria, while there was significance (p < 0.001) in the intergroup analysis when compared with G1. For S. mutans bacteria, it was observed that only G2 had a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001), and there was significant reduction (p = 0.006) in the intergroup analysis of the G2 group when compared with G1. Conclusions. Dentifrice containing BRP demonstrated better clinical and microbiological activity. Future studies are needed to better identify effects to establish the use of dentifrice containing propolis in biofilm control.
Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase-Dependent Activation of TRPV4 Channel Participates in Enhanced Serotonin-Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Chronic Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Xia Yang , Xia Lexin , Jin Zhou , Jin Rui , Paudel Omkar , Sham James S. K.
Published: January 2020

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a multi-functional non-selective channel expressed in pulmonary vasculatures. TRPV4 contributes to serotonin- (5-HT-) induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and is responsible in part for the enhanced 5-HT response in pulmonary arteries (PAs) of chronic hypoxia mice. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) is an endogenous agonist of TRPV4 and is known to regulate vasoreactivity. The levels of EETs, the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase for EET production, and epoxide hydrolase for EET degradation are altered by chronic hypoxia. Here, we examined the role of EET-dependent TRPV4 activation in the 5-HT-mediated PA contraction. In PAs of normoxic mice, inhibition of TRPV4 with a specific inhibitor HC-067047 caused a decrease in the sensitivity of 5-HT-induced PA contraction without affecting the maximal contractile response. Application of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor MS-PPOH had no effect on the vasoreactivity to 5-HT. In contrast, inhibition of CYP epoxygenase or TRPV4 both attenuated the 5-HT-elicited maximal contraction to a comparable level in PAs of chronic hypoxic mice. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of MS-PPOH on the 5-HT-induced contraction was obliterated in PAs of chronic hypoxic trpv4-/- mice. These results suggest that TRPV4 contributes to the enhanced 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction in chronic hypoxic PAs, in part via the CYP-EET-TRPV4 pathway. Our results further support the notion that manipulation of TRPV4 function may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hypoxia-related pulmonary hypertension.
A Chimeric Signal Peptide–Galectin-3 Conjugate Induces Glycosylation-Dependent Cancer Cell–Specific Apoptosis
Authors: Lee Sok-Hyong , Khwaja Rehman Fatima , Tyler Kari C. , Yu Bing , Zhang Zhaobin , Osuka Satoru , Zerrouqi Abdessamad , Kaluzova Milota , Hadjipanayis Costas G. , Cummings Richard D. , Olson Jeffrey J. , Devi Narra S. , Van Meir Erwin G.
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Exploitation of altered glycosylation in cancer is a major goal for the design of new cancer therapy. Here, we designed a novel secreted chimeric signal peptide–Galectin-3 conjugate (sGal-3) and investigated its ability to induce cancer-specific cell death by targeting aberrantly N-glycosylated cell surface receptors on cancer cells.

Experimental Design:

sGal-3 was genetically engineered from Gal-3 by extending its N-terminus with a noncleavable signal peptide from tissue plasminogen activator. sGal-3 killing ability was tested on normal and tumor cells in vitro and its antitumor activity was evaluated in subcutaneous lung cancer and orthotopic malignant glioma models. The mechanism of killing was investigated through assays detecting sGal-3 interaction with specific glycans on the surface of tumor cells and the elicited downstream proapoptotic signaling.

Results:

We found sGal-3 preferentially binds to β1 integrin on the surface of tumor cells due to aberrant N-glycosylation resulting from cancer-associated upregulation of several glycosyltransferases. This interaction induces potent cancer-specific death by triggering an oncoglycan-β1/calpain/caspase-9 proapoptotic signaling cascade. sGal-3 could reduce the growth of subcutaneous lung cancers and malignant gliomas in brain, leading to increased animal survival.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that sGal-3 kills aberrantly glycosylated tumor cells and antagonizes tumor growth through a novel integrin β1–dependent cell-extrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings provide proof-of-principle that aberrant N-oncoglycans represent valid cancer targets and support further translation of the chimeric sGal-3 peptide conjugate for cancer therapy.
Circulating Tumor Cells Are Associated with Recurrent Disease in Patients with Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Frick Melissa A. , Feigenberg Steven J. , Jean-Baptiste Samuel R. , Aguarin Louise A. , Mendes Amberly , Chinniah Chimbu , Swisher-McClure Sam , Berman Abigail , Levin William , Cengel Keith A. , Hahn Stephen M. , Dorsey Jay F. , Simone Charles B. , Kao Gary D.
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Although stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is effective in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), approximately 10%–15% of patients will fail regionally and 20%–25% distantly. We evaluate a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) assay as a prognostic marker for increased risk of recurrence following SBRT.

Experimental Design:

Ninety-two subjects (median age, 71 years) with T1a (64%), T1b (23%), or T2a (13%) stage I NSCLC treated with SBRT were prospectively enrolled. CTCs were enumerated by utilizing a GFP-expressing adenoviral probe that detects elevated telomerase activity in cancer cells. Samples were obtained before, during, and serially up to 24 months after treatment. SBRT was delivered to a median dose of 50 Gy (range, 40–60 Gy), mostly commonly in four to five fractions (92%).

Results:

Thirty-eight of 92 subjects (41%) had a positive CTC test prior to SBRT. A cutoff of ≥5 CTCs/mL before treatment defined favorable (n = 78) and unfavorable (n = 14) prognostic groups. Increased risk of nodal (P = 0.04) and distant (P = 0.03) failure was observed in the unfavorable group. Within 3 months following SBRT, CTCs continued to be detected in 10 of 35 (29%) subjects. Persistent detection of CTCs was associated with increased risk of distant failure (P = 0.04) and trended toward increased regional (P = 0.08) and local failure (P = 0.16).

Conclusions:

Higher pretreatment CTCs and persistence of CTCs posttreatment is significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence outside the targeted treatment site. This suggests that CTC analysis may potentially identify patients at higher risk for regional or distant recurrences and who may benefit from either systemic therapy and/or timely locoregional salvage treatment.
PI3K Inhibitors Curtail MYC-Dependent Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ganci Federica , Pulito Claudio , Valsoni Sara , Sacconi Andrea , Turco Chiara , Vahabi Mahrou , Manciocco Valentina , Mazza Emilia Maria Cristina , Meens Jalna , Karamboulas Christina , Nichols Anthony C. , Covello Renato , Pellini Raul , Spriano Giuseppe , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Muti Paola , Bicciato Silvio , Ailles Laurie , Strano Sabrina , Fontemaggi Giulia , Blandino Giovanni
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Mutation of TP53 gene is a hallmark of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) not yet exploited therapeutically. TP53 mutation frequently leads to the synthesis of mutant p53 proteins with gain-of-function activity, associated with radioresistance and high incidence of local recurrences in HNSCC.

Experimental Design:

Mutant p53–associated functions were investigated through gene set enrichment analysis in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of HNSCC and in a panel of 22 HNSCC cell lines. Mutant p53–dependent transcripts were analyzed in HNSCC cell line Cal27, carrying mutant p53H193L; FaDu, carrying p53R248L; and Detroit 562, carrying p53R175H. Drugs impinging on mutant p53-MYC–dependent signature were identified interrogating Connectivity Map (https://clue.io) derived from the Library of Integrated Network–based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database (http://lincs.hms.harvard.edu/) and analyzed in HNSCC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models.

Results:

We identified a signature of transcripts directly controlled by gain-of-function mutant p53 protein and prognostic in HNSCC, which is highly enriched of MYC targets. Specifically, both in PDX and cell lines of HNSCC treated with the PI3Kα-selective inhibitor BYL719 (alpelisib) the downregulation of mutant p53/MYC-dependent signature correlates with response to this compound. Mechanistically, mutant p53 favors the binding of MYC to its target promoters and enhances MYC protein stability. Treatment with BYL719 disrupts the interaction of MYC, mutant p53, and YAP proteins with MYC target promoters. Of note, depletion of MYC, mutant p53, or YAP potentiates the effectiveness of BYL719 treatment.

Conclusions:

Collectively, the blocking of this transcriptional network is an important determinant for the response to BYL719 in HNSCC.
A Phase II Basket Trial of Dual Anti–CTLA-4 and Anti–PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors (DART SWOG 1609) in Patients with Nonpancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Patel Sandip P. , Othus Megan , Chae Young Kwang , Giles Francis J. , Hansel Donna E. , Singh Preet Paul , Fontaine Annette , Shah Manisha H. , Kasi Anup , Baghdadi Tareq Al , Matrana Marc , Gatalica Zoran , Korn W. Michael , Hayward Jourdain , McLeod Christine , Chen Helen X. , Sharon Elad , Mayerson Edward , Ryan Christopher W. , Plets Melissa , Blanke Charles D. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Immune checkpoint blockade has improved outcomes across tumor types; little is known about the efficacy of these agents in rare tumors. We report the results of the (nonpancreatic) neuroendocrine neoplasm cohort of SWOG S1609 dual anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART).

Patients and Methods:

We performed a prospective, open-label, multicenter phase II clinical trial of ipilimumab plus nivolumab across multiple rare tumor cohorts, with the (nonpancreatic) neuroendocrine cohort reported here. Response assessment by grade was not prespecified. The primary endpoint was overall response rate [ORR; RECIST v1.1; complete response (CR) and partial response (PR)]; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), stable disease >6 months, and toxicity.

Results:

Thirty-two eligible patients received therapy; 18 (56%) had high-grade disease. Most common primary sites were gastrointestinal (47%; N = 15) and lung (19%; N = 6). The overall ORR was 25% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13–64%; CR, 3%, N = 1; PR, 22%, N = 7]. Patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma had an ORR of 44% (8/18 patients) versus 0% in low/intermediate grade tumors (0/14 patients; P = 0.004). The 6-month PFS was 31% (95% CI, 19%–52%); median OS was 11 months (95% CI, 6–∞). The most common toxicities were hypothyroidism (31%), fatigue (28%), and nausea (28%), with alanine aminotransferase elevation (9%) as the most common grade 3/4 immune-related adverse event, and no grade 5 events.

Conclusions:

Ipilimumab plus nivolumab demonstrated a 44% ORR in patients with nonpancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, with 0% ORR in low/intermediate grade disease.