bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Application of a New CSF Vaccine Based on Plant-Produced Recombinant E2 Marker Proteins on Pigs in Areas with Two Different Control Strategies
Authors: Oh Yeonsu , Park Youngmin , Choi Bo-Hwa , Park Soohong , Gu Sungmin , Park Jungae , Kim Jong-Kook , Sohn Eun-Ju
Published: May 2021

A classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-modified live LOM (low-virulence strain of Miyagi) vaccine (MLV-LOM) to combat CSF has been used in places where the disease is prevalent around the world, including in Korea, except in Jeju Island. In general, modified live virus-based vaccines (MLV) are known to be highly effective in inducing immune responses. At the same time, MLVs also have potential dangers such as a circulation in the field. There is still a need for safer and more effective vaccines to control CSF in the field. In this study, we applied a new CSF vaccine based on plant-produced recombinant E2 marker proteins at two different locations, Jeju Island and a suburb of Pohang, using different CSF control strategies. The result suggested that vaccinated sows in Jeju Island highly developed immunogenicity and maintained stably until 102 days post-vaccination (dpv). Its piglets that received maternal antibodies were shown to carry high serological values and maintained them until 40 days of age, which was the end of the follow-up. Naïve piglets vaccinated at 40 days of age showed high serological values and these were maintained until 100 days of age (60 dpv), which was the end of the follow-up. The vaccine was also effective in inducing immune responses in newborn piglets that carried maternal antibodies received from MLV-LOM vaccine-immunized mother sows.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Equal Access to Vaccines
Authors: Bolcato Matteo , Rodriguez Daniele , Feola Alessandro , Di Mizio Giulio , Bonsignore Alessandro , Ciliberti Rosagemma , Tettamanti Camilla , Trabucco Aurilio Marco , Aprile Anna
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has evidenced the chronic inequality that exists between populations and communities as regards global healthcare. Vaccination, an appropriate tool for the prevention of infection, should be guaranteed by means of proportionate interventions to defeat such inequality in populations and communities affected by a higher risk of infection. Equitable criteria of justice should be identified and applied with respect to access to vaccination and to the order in which it should be administered. This article analyzes, as regards the worldwide distribution of anti-COVID-19 vaccines, the various ways the principle of equity has been construed and applied or even overlooked. The main obstacle to equal access to vaccines is vaccine nationalism. The perception of equity varies with the differing reference values adopted. Adequate response to needs appears to be the principal rule for achieving the criterion of equity in line with distributive justice. Priorities must be set equitably based on rational parameters in accordance with current needs. The entire process must be governed by transparency, from parameter identification to implementation. The issue of equal access to vaccination affects the entire world population, necessitating specific protective interventions. In light of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has devised the COVAX plan to ensure that even the poorest nations of the world receive the vaccine; certain initiatives are also supported by the European Union (EU). This pandemic has brought to the fore the need to build a culture of equitable relationships both in each country’s own domain and with the rest of the world.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Modular Vaccines Developed Using Different Capsid Virus-Like Particle Backbones and Antigen Conjugation Systems
Authors: Fredsgaard Laurits , Goksøyr Louise , Thrane Susan , Aves Kara-Lee , Theander Thor G. , Sander Adam F.
Published: May 2021

Capsid virus-like particles (cVLPs) are used as molecular scaffolds to increase the immunogenicity of displayed antigens. Modular platforms have been developed whereby antigens are attached to the surface of pre-assembled cVLPs. However, it remains unknown to what extent the employed cVLP backbone and conjugation system may influence the immune response elicited against the displayed antigen. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of antigen-specific IgG responses elicited by modular cVLP-vaccines differing by their employed cVLP backbone or conjugation system, respectively. Covalent antigen conjugation (i.e., employing the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system) resulted in significantly higher antigen-specific IgG titers compared to when using affinity-based conjugation (i.e., using biotin/streptavidin). The cVLP backbone also influenced the antigen-specific IgG response. Specifically, vaccines based on the bacteriophage AP205 cVLP elicited significantly higher antigen-specific IgG compared to corresponding vaccines using the human papillomavirus major capsid protein (HPV L1) cVLP. In addition, the AP205 cVLP platform mediated induction of antigen-specific IgG with a different subclass profile (i.e., higher IgG2a and IgG2b) compared to HPV L1 cVLP. These results demonstrate that the cVLP backbone and conjugation system can individually affect the IgG response elicited against a displayed antigen. These data will aid the understanding and process of tailoring modular cVLP vaccines to achieve improved immune responses.
Single Amino Acid Deletion at N-Terminus of the Target Antigen in DNA Vaccine Induces Altered CD8+ T Cell Responses against Tumor Antigen
Authors: Imai Takashi
Published: May 2021

Since CD8+ T cells have immunological memory and can eliminate tumor or infected cells, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell inducing DNA vaccines are potential next-generation vaccines. However, the relationship between single amino acid deletion of target antigens in plasmid DNA vaccines and vaccine efficacy is not completely understood. To address this knowledge disparity and improve DNA vaccine development, two constructs cytosolic form of ovalbumin, pOVAv (346 amino acids) and pOVAy (345 amino acids) were constructed and compared. OVA proteins from both constructs were detected in an in vitro experiment. Then, the efficacy of prophylactic DNA vaccination using a gene gun against OVA-expressing mouse thymoma cells was compared. Both constructs conferred protection against tumor challenge, and there was no significant difference between the efficacies of pOVAv and pOVAy. The pOVAv vaccine induced stronger antigen-specific cytotoxicity in vivo, while bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) transfected with pOVAv induced higher levels of IFN-γ production from OT-I CD8+ T cells in vitro compared to pOVAy. These results indicate that a single amino acid deletion at N-terminus of the target antigen in a DNA vaccine leads to a different immunological outcome. The small modification of the target antigen in the DNA vaccine might improve its efficacy against tumor or infectious diseases.
Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Poznań, Poland, after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lorent Dagny , Nowak Rafal , Roxo Carolina , Lenartowicz Elzbieta , Makarewicz Aleksandra , Zaremba Bartosz , Nowak Szymon , Kuszel Lukasz , Stefaniak Jerzy , Kierzek Ryszard , Zmora Pawel
Published: May 2021

In comparison to other European countries, during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Poland reported a relatively low number of confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. To estimate the scale of the pandemic in Poland, a serosurvey of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was performed after the first wave of COVID-19 in Europe (March–May 2020). Within this study, we collected samples from 28 July to 24 September 2020 and, based on the ELISA results, we found that 1.67% (25/1500, 95% CI 1.13–2.45) of the Poznan (Poland) metropolitan area’s population had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the first wave of COVID-19. However, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was confirmed with immunoblotting in 56% (14/25) samples, which finally resulted in a decrease in seroprevalence, i.e., 0.93% (14/1500, 95% CI 0.56–1.56). The positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG results were associated with age, occupation involving constant contact with people, travelling abroad, non-compliance with epidemiological recommendations and direct contact with the novel coronavirus. Our findings confirm the low SARS-CoV-2 incidence in Poland and imply that the population had little herd immunity heading into the second and third wave of the pandemic, and therefore, that herd immunity contributed little to preventing the high numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related deaths in Poland during these subsequent waves.
Expression of Bordetella pertussis Antigens Fused to Different Vectors and Their Effectiveness as Vaccines
Authors: Xu Han , Huang Jing , Liu Zhaolu , Li Xin , Wang Kangfeng , Feng Erling , Wu Jun , Zhu Li , Yao Kaihu , Pan Chao , Wang Hengliang
Published: May 2021

Pertussis is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Even though its current vaccine coverage is relatively broad, they still have some shortcomings such as short protection time and might be incapable of blocking the spread of the disease. In this study, we developed new pertussis vaccine candidates by separately fusing three pertussis antigens (B. pertussis fimbriae 2 “Fim2”, pertussis toxin S1 subunit “PtxS1”, and filamentous hemagglutinin “FHA1877–2250”) to each of two immune-boosting carrier proteins (B subunits of AB5 toxin family: cholera toxin B subunit “CTB” and shiga toxin B subunit “StxB”). We then immunized mice with these fusion antigens and found that they significantly increased the serum antibody titers and elicited high bactericidal activity against B. pertussis. After CTB-or StxB-fused antigen-immunized mice were challenged with a non-lethal dose of B. pertussis, the bacterial loads in different tissues of these mice were significantly reduced, and their lung damage was nearly invisible. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that these candidate vaccines could provide strong prophylactic effects against a lethal challenge with B. pertussis. Overall, our candidate vaccines conferred better immune protection to mice compared with pertussis antigen alone. This B5 subunit-based vaccine strategy provides a promising option for vaccine design.
Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Multi-Centric Survey in France
Authors: Janssen Cécile , Maillard Alexis , Bodelet Céline , Claudel Anne-Laure , Gaillat Jacques , Delory Tristan ,   on behalf of the ACV Alpin Study Group
Published: May 2021

Vaccination programs against COVID-19 are being scaled up. We aimed to assess the effects of vaccine characteristics on vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in a multi-center survey conducted within French healthcare facilities from 1 December 2020 to 26 March 2021. We invited any healthcare workers naïve of COVID-19 vaccination to complete an online self-questionnaire. They reported on their socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their perception and beliefs towards vaccination. We measured their willingness to get vaccinated in eight scenarios for candidates’ vaccines presented sequentially (1 to 4-point scale). Candidates’ vaccines varied for efficacy (25%, 50%, 100%), length of immunization (1 year or lifetime), frequency (<1/100, <1/10,000), and severity (none, moderate, severe) of adverse events. We analyzed 4349 healthcare workers’ responses with interpretable questionnaires. The crude willingness to get vaccinated was 53.2% and increased over time. We clustered the trajectories of responses using an unsupervised classification algorithm (k-means) and identified four groups of healthcare workers: those willing to get vaccinated in any scenario (18%), those not willing to get vaccinated at all (22%), and those hesitating but more likely to accept (32%) or reject (28%) the vaccination depending on the scenario. In these last two subgroups, vaccine acceptance was growing with age, educational background and was higher among men with condition. Compared to an ideal vaccine candidate, a 50% reduced efficacy resulted in an average drop in acceptance by 0.8 (SD ± 0.8, −23.5%), while it was ranging from 1.4 (SD ± 1.0, −38.4%) to 2.1 (SD ± 1.0, −58.4%) in case of severe but rare adverse event. The acceptance of a mandatory immunization program was 29.6% overall and was positively correlated to the willingness to get vaccinated, ranging from 2.4% to 60.0%. Even if healthcare workers represent a heterogeneous population, most (80%) could accept the vaccination against COVID-19. Their willingness to get the vaccine increased over time and as immunization programs became available. Among hesitant professionals, the fear of adverse events was the main concern. Targeted information campaigns reassuring about adverse events may increase vaccine coverage, in a population with a strong opinion about mandatory immunization programs.
Optimal Allocation of Surface Water Resources at the Provincial Level in the Uzbekistan Region of the Amudarya River Basin
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Xi , Sidike Ayetiguli , Cao Liangzhong , DeMaeyer Philippe , Kurban Alishir
Published: May 2021

Water users in the Amudarya River Basin in Uzbekistan are suffering severe water use competition and uneven water allocation, which seriously threatens ecosystems, as shown, for example, in the well-known Aral Sea catastrophe. This study explores the optimized water allocation schemes in the study area at the provincial level under different incoming flow levels, based on the current water distribution quotas among riparian nations, which are usually ignored in related research. The optimization model of the inexact two-stage stochastic programming method is used, which is characterized by probability distributions and interval values. Results show that (1) water allocation is redistributed among five different sectors. Livestock, industrial, and municipality have the highest water allocation priority, and water competition mainly exists in the other two sectors of irrigation and ecology; (2) water allocation is redistributed among six different provinces, and allocated water only in Bukhara and Khorezm can satisfy the upper bound of water demand; (3) the ecological sector can receive a guaranteed water allocation of 8.237–12.354 km3; (4) under high incoming flow level, compared with the actual water distribution, the total allocated water of four sectors (except for ecology) is reduced by 3.706 km3 and total economic benefits are increased by USD 3.885B.
Ionic Runoff as a Way to Determine the Degree of Karst Denudation (Case Study Jasov Plateau, Slovak Karst, Slovakia)
Authors: Gessert Alena , Sládek Imrich , Straková Veronika , Braun Mihály , Heim Enikő , Czébely Andrea , Palcsu László
Published: May 2021

Estimation of the catchment area of a karst spring is not possible in all areas for various reasons. The Slovak Karst is protected by the highest degree of protection and karst springs are used as a source of drinking water for the second largest city in Slovakia, Košice. From this reason, no results on ionic runoff or chemical denudation have been published from this area and the most appropriate way to obtain information about the denudation rate is to determine the ionic runoff. This paper provides an overview of ionic runoff results based on sampling and analysis of karst water from six springs in the period November 2013–October 2016 (three hydrological years) and periodic measurements. Springs have significantly fluctuated flow rates from 0 L/s in summer and autumn up to 192 L/s, and episodic events during the snow melting and heavy rain in the spring of 2013 are also known (more than 380 L/s). The total value of ionic runoff for the area of 40,847 m3/y.km2 is comparable with the Vracanska Plateau in Bulgaria, which lies at a similar altitude and with a similar amount of precipitation.
Influence of Rainfall Seasonality in Groundwater Chemistry at Western Region of São Paulo State—Brazil
Authors: Maroubo Lais A. , Moreira-Silva Marcos R. , Teixeira José Jerônimo , Teixeira Marcos F. S.
Published: May 2021

The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal variation in concentration of cadmium, lead and copper ions in groundwater wells in the stratigraphic subdivision “Santo Anastácio” that belongs to the Bauru aquifer system in the western region of São Paulo State. Exploratory statistics methods were employed to investigate the response of the concentration of these metals in the aquifer through the pluviometric index of the region. The results show a direct dependence of the mean monthly flow of the metals in the groundwaters to the monthly rainfall flow. The observed behavior was cyclic with a gradual increase and decrease in the flow throughout time. Two groups of cyclic variation were identified. The seasonality of the mean monthly flow of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was inversely proportional to the magnitude of the pluviometric index of the region studied. Meanwhile, the seasonality of Cu2+ was directly correlated to the seasonable rainfall variability. These behaviors lead us to point out that cadmium and lead come from minerals present in the aquifer itself and the presence of copper in groundwater is associated with an anthropogenic action due to the region’s agricultural activity. The study helps us better comprehend the behavior of the whole groundwater system through a comparison with temporal hydrogeochemistry.
Daily Fluctuations in the Isotope and Elemental Composition of Tap Water in Ljubljana, Slovenia
Authors: Nagode Klara , Kanduč Tjaša , Zuliani Tea , Bračič Železnik Branka , Jamnik Brigita , Vreča Polona
Published: May 2021

The isotope and elemental composition of tap water reflects its multiple distinct inputs and provides a link between infrastructure and the environment over a range of scales. For example, on a local scale, they can be helpful in understanding the geological, hydrogeological, and hydrological conditions and monitor the proper functioning of the water supply system (WSS). However, despite this, studies examining the urban water system remain limited. This study sought to address this knowledge gap by performing a 24 h multiparameter analysis of tap water extracted from a region where the mixing of groundwater between two recharge areas occurs. This work included measurements of temperature and electrical conductivity, as well as pH, δ2H, δ18O, d, δ13CDIC, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios and major and trace elements at hourly intervals over a 24 h period. Although the data show only slight variations in the measured parameters, four groups were distinguishable using visual grouping, and multivariate analysis (Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal components analysis). Finally, changes in the mixing ratios of the two sources were estimated using a linear mixing model. The results confirm that the relative contribution from each source varied considerably over 24 h.
Aquatic Macrophytes Determine the Spatial Distribution of Invertebrates in a Shallow Reservoir
Authors: Son Se-Hwan , Kwon Soon-Jik , Im Ji-Hyeok , Kim Seong-Ki , Kong Dongsoo , Choi Jong-Yun
Published: May 2021

Aquatic macrophytes determine the physical structure of many microhabitats in water and strongly influence the distribution of various aquatic animals. In this study, we analyzed the main microhabitat characteristics that affected the spatial distribution of invertebrates in shallow wetlands of South Korea (Jangcheok Reservoir). Environmental variables, macrophyte biomass, and invertebrate groups were used to analyze invertebrate distribution using a self-organizing map (SOM). Thirteen invertebrate groups were mapped onto the SOM, and each group was compared with the distribution of environmental variables and macrophyte biomass. Based on a U-matrix, five clusters were categorized according to Euclidean distance on the SOM. Invertebrate groups were closely related to macrophyte biomass. In particular, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Viviparidae, Ecnomidae, and Hydrophilidae were abundant in quadrats with a high cover of Paspalum distichum and Nelumbo nucifera. Bithyniidae and Coenagrionidae were strongly associated with Trapa japonica and Hydrocharis dubia, whereas Planorbidae, Corduliidae, and Hydrophilidae were abundant with a high cover of Typha orientalis. Similar habitat preferences were found in a survey of gastropod distribution on the surface of each macrophyte species. The results clearly indicated that invertebrate distribution clusters were related to the spatial distribution of aquatic macrophytes in a shallow wetland.
Improving the 2D Numerical Simulations on Local Scour Hole around Spur Dikes
Authors: Liao Chung-Ta , Yeh Keh-Chia , Lan Yin-Chi , Jhong Ren-Kai , Jia Yafei
Published: May 2021

Local scour is a common threat to structures such as bridge piers, abutments, and dikes that are constructed on natural rivers. To reduce the risk of foundation failure, the understanding of local scour phenomenon around hydraulic structures is important. The well-predicted scour depth can be used as a reference for structural foundation design and river management. Numerical simulation is relatively efficient at studying these issues. Currently, two-dimensional (2D) mobile-bed models are widely used for river engineering. However, a common 2D model is inadequate for solving the three-dimensional (3D) flow field and local scour phenomenon because of the depth-averaged hypothesis. This causes the predicted scour depth to often be underestimated. In this study, a repose angle formula and bed geometry adjustment mechanism are integrated into a 2D mobile-bed model to improve the numerical simulation of local scour holes around structures. Comparison of the calculated and measured bed variation data reveals that a numerical model involving the improvement technique can predict the geometry of a local scour hole around spur dikes with reasonable accuracy and reliability.
Analysis and Prediction of Electromobility and Energy Supply by the Example of Stuttgart
Authors: Wörner Ralf , Morozova Inna , Cao Danting , Schneider Daniela , Neuburger Martin , Mayer Daniel , Körner Christian , Kagerbauer Martin , Kostorz Nadine , Blesl Markus , Jochem Patrick , Märtz Alexandra
Published: May 2021

This paper seeks to identify bottlenecks in the energy grid supply regarding different market penetration of battery electric vehicles in Stuttgart, Germany. First, medium-term forecasts of electric and hybrid vehicles and the corresponding charging infrastructure are issued from 2017 to 2030, resulting in a share of 27% electric vehicles by 2030 in the Stuttgart region. Next, interactions between electric vehicles and the local energy system in Stuttgart were examined, comparing different development scenarios in the mobility sector. Further, a travel demand model was used to generate charging profiles of electric vehicles under consideration of mobility patterns. The charging demand was combined with standard household load profiles and a load flow analysis of the peak hour was carried out for a quarter comprising 349 households. The simulation shows that a higher charging capacity can lead to a lower transformer utilization, as charging and household peak load may fall temporally apart. Finally, it was examined whether the existing infrastructure is suitable to meet future demand focusing on the transformer reserve capacity. Overall, the need for action is limited; only 10% of the approximately 560 sub-grids were identified as potential weak points.
Analysis of the relationship between skin and emotional disorders in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Danilin Ivan E. , Niewozinska Zofia A. , Tretiakov Artemii V. , Rudko Olga I. , Sakaniya Luiza R. , Korsunskaya Irina M. , Artemieva Marina S. , Klimov Eugene A. , Sobolev Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

107 patients (34 female and 73 male) diagnosed with “generalized psoriasis vulgaris, exudative form, progressive stage” were evaluated for the levels of anxiety and depression. These measurements were carried out along with psychiatrist interview, taking into consideration anamnestic and status information. 67,3% of patients unhesitatingly marked that a previous psychological trauma had caused the current exacerbation of psoriasis. The study reveals interrelationship between the psychiatric and somatic components of psoriasis. We managed to reach marked remission in 19 patients using low doses of psychotropic drugs along with primary dermatological treatment.
LC–MS/MS and RP–HPLC–UV Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Arum italicum Miller Edible and Nonedible Tuber Parts
Authors: AKAR Zeynep , DEMİR Çağlar , ALKAN Ozan , CAN Zehra , AKAR Bülent
Published: May 2021

In the study, the phenolic components and antioxidant activities of edible and nonedible parts of tuber of Arum italicum plant were carried out to determine in methanolic and water extracts. In addition, the antioxidant potential of these parts of the plant was associated with their phenolic composition. Total phenolic content, FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH tests as radical scavenging activity were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant. The phenolic profiles in the two parts of the tuber were determined in the prepared methanolic extracts by RP–HPLC–UV and LC–MS/MS. The highest values of the total phenolic content, FRAP, CUPRAC and % DPPH were measured in methanolic extracts of nonedible parts of the tuber as 164 µg GAE / mL, 878 TEAC (µM), 0.064 TEAC (µM) and 19.41, respectively. Phenolic profiles of methanolic extracts include rutin, epicatechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillin as major components. According to these results, it can be concluded that the nonedible tuber part can be consumed as food.
Wpływ infantylizacji kultury na zmiany w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym
Authors: Jasielska Aleksandra , Maksymiuk Renata Anna
Published: May 2021

Growing consumption contributes to the creation of new consumer groups — childish parents and commercialized children. This process of turning adults into children and vice versa is reflected in dynamically developing marketing and advertising activities aimed at both target groups. Regardless of the age difference, for market experts they both present similar market behavior patterns. Traditional values have been reversed. Adverts emphasizing speed and facility are aimed at adults whereas advertising sophistication and responsibility is aimed at children. This mainly refers to some forms of promotion activity within primary, influence and future markets. Systematic consumer education for both groups seems to be a way to re-introduce a division into adults and children. It is impossible to educate children in the area in which parents and other adults are incompetent.
Podatność młodzieży na ubóstwo i wykluczenie społeczne
Authors: Golinowska Stanisława
Published: May 2021

The author presents a multi-aspectual picture of the situation of young people in Poland in a comparative framework. This confirms the theory of the susceptibility of young people to the threats to the equilibrium of their development. These are both universal problems, universal for the period of entering adulthood, as well as specific ones connected with countries in transformation like Poland. This is observable in many spheres: somatic and psychological health, access to education of adequate quality and fitted to the job market, intellectual and social development and in relationships with the family and surrounding environment. In Poland the study showed that the main problem, to a greater extent than in countries of the EU were the result of limitations on access to healthcare institutions and education and lacks in the infrastructure of public life. The situation of young people entering the job market from school is dramatically bad. There are disturbing indications of their weak social participation, lack of involvement in general matters and escape into a world created by the electronic media. The ability to overcome these limitations is exhibited only by the young people from the wealthier households, which is decisive in the creation of social inequalities during their childhood and adolescence which later only become more permanent and deeper. A specific positive characteristic of young people in Poland (and their parents) is their relatively high educational aspirations, which correctly applied — in the structure of schools allowing them to achieve skills and qualifications suitable for their needs — can have positive effects on the job marketplace and socio-economic development. This however requires a reorientation of the system of middle and higher education to the production of quality, open to social change and awakening and supporting initiative and innovation. The European Commission has taken the initiative in this regard, proposing the Strategy for Youth — Investing and Empowering.
„Cała Polska liczy eurosieroty”. Panika moralna i płeć w wykluczeniu oraz stygmatyzacji rodzin migrantów
Authors: Urbańska Sylwia
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the transnational parenting phenomenon in Poland and the moral panics — reaction to it as shown in both public discourses and actions of public institutions. Such features can be found while analysing discourses about “euro-orphans” (such a label is given to migrants’ children) that have occupied public discourses since mid-2007 in Poland. Based on discourse analysis of about 500 press articles from 2007–2008, I argue that in spite of the growing influence of global mobility in contemporary family life, and economic migration as a family strategy of survival, various “moral entrepreneurs” such as leaders of NGOs, social workers, educational workers, therapists, scientists, etc. construe the features of transmigrant parents as deviants, and label the strategy of migration as an individual act of family abandonment and serious threat to the well-being of the nation, etc. This deviancy discourse pertains particularly to the trans-national strategy adopted by mothers whose gendered role is in the Polish culture strictly connected with the role of child-rearing and with nurturing the nation the “Mother Pole” icon). I argue that moral panics in reaction to contemporary family change and actions of public institutions serve the function of the re-traditionalisation of the family to the traditional functionalist model.
Terapia pracą, czyli wybrane zagadnienia nowej ekonomii społecznej
Authors: Danecka Marta
Published: May 2021

The article concerns the issue of social economy and social employment as one of its forms. Social employment is represented as a modern method of combating social exclusion. It is part of the principles of an active social policy, based above all on voluntary participation, collaboration and concentrating resources on the support of people fit to work, but engulfed by poverty. The author presents the various forms and functions of social employment, the groups of people who are encompassed by such aid, and the methods of reintegration in the social environment and the job market. Statistical data and the opinions of participants in these courses are used to present the results achieved by the spread of social employment schemes in the past few years.
Starość a przemiany więzi społecznych
Authors: Zalewska Joanna
Published: May 2021

The article contains an attempt to discuss the “socialisation” of elderly people today. In the 20th century there were considerable changes within the family, the relationships between old parents and adult children underwent gradual transformation — links formerly based on collaboration, dependence and togetherness were replaced by relationships of the type of “staying in contact” and symbolic exchanges. In Poland, especially in the countryside these changes occurred over a longer period than in the west due to the later introduction of retirement and the traditions of extended families. In the 20th century however there occurred at the same time changes in the feelings of communality — instead of relationships based on physical contact and geographical closeness, there developed symbolic groups and communities, often based on indirect means of communication. An effect of the loosening of the ties between the generations in a family and changes in the form of communality is loneliness which is declared by a considerable number of old people in Poland who in their youth had been socialized in communities characterized by physical closeness and joint participation in everyday activities. On the basis of ethnographic studies in Warsaw the article presents four case studies which serve as examples of the lifestyles of four elderly women in families with stronger and looser relationships and in other types of groups/communities: in a daycare centre and non-governmental organization.
Czy Solidarność była społeczeństwem obywatelskim? Jak został zapomniany neorepublikański projekt samorządnej rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Załęski Paweł
Published: May 2021

Analysis of the extant data, such as opposition press and documents, shows that participants of the first Solidarity did not know or use the concept of civil society. The dynamics of discourse of the first Solidarity found its climax instead in the concept of the self-governing Republic. Only in 1987, after a general amnesty for political prisoners, the concept of civil society was adopted, replacing the concept of the underground society which had been current under Martial Law. Thus, the neoliberal concept of civil society displaced the concept of self-governing Republic.
Polskie badania pamięcioznawcze: tradycje, koncepcje, (nie)ciągłości
Authors: Kończal Kornelia , Wawrzyniak Joanna
Published: May 2021

The article critically examines the history and recent developments of the Polish memory studies. The authors trace the genealogies of this intellectual field, starting with categories formed by Stefan Czarnowski, Marceli Handelsman, Kazimierz Kelles-Krauss, Ludwik Krzywicki, Florian Znaniecki, and Nina Assorodbraj-Kula. Then, they describe reformulations and varied methodological application of memory concepts within Polish historical studies, cultural studies, as well as within qualitative and quantitative sociology. They also summarize main research themes and projects conducted up to date. Finally, they point out to some flaws within the field having to do with its institutional weakness and the selective reception of western intellectual traditions.
O metodzie i teorii badań nad przekazem kulturowym
Authors: Gudehus Christian , Welzer Harald
Published: May 2021

Issues concerning history and the construction of images of the past have always been of importance for the self-identification of individuals, social groups, governing institutions, states, and especially nations. Currently, two trends can be noticed, which may seem antagonistic, but actually condition and shape each other: renegotiating and redefining national historical narratives as well as the opening of national historiography to transnational or globalized perspective. National images and historical myths tend to increase integrity among the members of European communities only to a limited degree, and their importance to the highly normatively-oriented structures of the so called European identity — based on still less credible European memory, perceived by means of also normatively-oriented publicity — is rather doubtful. As a result, a scientific discipline has evolved, which studies subjective means of internalizing and utilizing the past rather than public aspects of culture and memory. The discipline involves the studies of tradition and passing thereof, which are rooted in the institution of qualitative sociological research. This article is about the scope and methods of such studies which are focused on how to tell about the past.
The use of road transport in the systems of group water supply and wastewater disposal
Authors: Чупин Р.В. , Мороз М.В.
Published: May 2021

Из-за неравномерности распределения водных ресурсов по территории России многие населенные пункты и даже города не имеют своих источников водоснабжения и водоемов, куда можно было бы сбрасывать очищенные сточные воды. Для решения этой проблемы проектируются, строятся и развиваются групповые и районные системы водоснабжения и водоотведения. Протяженность таких систем насчитывает сотни и даже тысячи километров. На их строительство и эксплуатацию ежегодно требуются значительные финансовые средства. Поэтому вопросы выбора трасс, состава сооружений и особенно способов транспортировки воды и сточных вод, обоснования мест расположения водозаборов и очистных сооружений являются актуальными и требуют особого внимания и технико-экономического анализа проектных вариантов. Предлагается методика комплексной оптимизации параметров систем водоснабжения и водоотведения, позволяющая определять наилучшие способы транспортирования воды и стоков (трубопроводами либо в цистернах автомобилей), места устройства водозаборов, водопроводных и канализационных очистных сооружений, оптимальные трубопроводные трассы и автомобильные маршруты между этими сооружениями и абонентами.

Due to the uneven distribution of water resources across the territory of Russia, many communities and even cities lack own water supply sources and water bodies where effluents could be discharge into. To address this problem, group and district water supply and wastewater disposal systems are designed, built and developed. The length of such systems is hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. Significant financial resources are required annually for their construction and operation. Therefore, the issues of the choice of routes, composition of the structures and especially methods of transporting water and wastewater, justification of locating water intakes and treatment facilities are relevant and require special attention and technical and economic analysis of design options. A method is proposed for the comprehensive optimization of the parameters of water supply and wastewater disposal systems that will provide for determining the best ways of transporting water and wastewater (by pipelines or in road-tankers), location of water intakes, water supply and wastewater treatment facilities, optimal pipeline routes and auto routes between these structures and customers.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN UPTD PUSKESMAS PERAWATAN BARU ULU DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN PADA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Hidayat Endik , Putong Lidya Britania , Andarista Maria Veronika , Yumna Hidayati Syan
Published: May 2021

Kesehatan merupakan salah satu kebutuhan terpenting bagi setiap individu. Masyarakat tidak bisa melakukan perawatan sendiri tanpa pelayanan tenaga kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, pelayanan Kesehatan merupakan salah satu hal yang wajib didapatkan oleh masyarakat dari pemerintah, hal ini sesuai dengan Undang-undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 34 ayat (3) yang menyatakan negara bertanggungjawab atas penyediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan umum yang layak. UPTD Puskesmas Perawatan Baru Ulu memiliki fungsi untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat di Kelurahan Baru Ulu. Berdasarkan survey indeks kepuasan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Kota Balikpapan terhadap kualitas pelayanan di UPTD Puskesmas Perawatan Baru Ulu pada tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas pelayanan di UPTD Puskesmas Perawatan Baru Ulu Kota Balikpapan pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kualitas pelayanan publik dan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan di UPTD Puskesmas Perawatan Baru Ulu Kota Balikpapan pada tahun 2020 sudah baik. Namun, perlu ada perbaikan dalam beberapa hal seperti ketepatan waktu kedatangan dokter dan etika pegawai.
A compreensão da multiplicação como adição de parcelas iguais por meio de jogo em sala de aula
Authors: Silva Lucinéia Barbosa da , Zaidan Samira
Published: May 2021

O objetivo principal deste artigo é discutir, com base em uma atividade, como a prática de jogos no ensino pode enriquecer a compreensão e a aprendizagem da multiplicação de números naturais em turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Buscamos também analisar como as interações de maneira colaborativa nessa ação podem favorecer a aprendizagem dos estudantes. A prática com um jogo foi realizada por meio de uma sequência didática, na proposta da pesquisa-ensino, na qual a pesquisadora investiga a própria prática. Realizou-se um diálogo com os estudantes antes da execução das atividades e, posteriormente, foram explicadas as regras do jogo e desenvolvida a sequência. A reflexão das ações e resultados mostra a existência de compartilhamento de conhecimentos e experiências, o que favoreceu aprendizados de maneira significativa. O uso do jogo evidenciou que a interação propiciada em seu desenvolvimento, leva a uma melhor compreensão da multiplicação como a soma de partes iguais, bem como o entendimento de que a comutatividade estaria vinculada a uma mudança na situação apresentada.
Electrical properties of heavily Sn-doped (AlGa)2O3 layers on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates
Authors: Okumura Hironori
Published: May 2021

We report on the critical layer thickness for (AlGa)2O3 hetero-epitaxial growth on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates via plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy and on the electrical properties of heavily tin-doped (AlGa)2O3 layers. The aluminum composition in the (AlGa)2O3 layers was reproducibly controlled within 19% by changing aluminum fluxes. We achieved the pseudomorphic growth of the 1050 nm thick (Al0.12Ga0.88)2O3 and 420 nm thick (Al0.15Ga0.85)2O3 layers on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates. The electron concentration, contact resistivity, and sheet resistance of the (Al0.10Ga0.90)2O3 layer with a tin concentration of 4 × 1019 cm−3 were 1 × 1018 cm−3, 3 × 10−5 Ω cm2, and 9 × 102 Ω/⎕, respectively.
PSICHOMOTORINIO SUJAUDINIMO DIFERENCINĖ DIAGNOSTIKA IR VALDYMO METODAI PRIĖMIMO SKYRIUJE
Authors: Reipšleger Aurimas
Published: May 2021

Psichomotorinis sujaudinimas (PS) yra ūmi būklė, su kuria susiduria psichiatrinių ir bendrosios medicinos priėmimo skyrių darbuotojai. PS epizodo metu pacientai gali kelti pavojų ne tik sau, bet ir aplinkiniams. Svarbu efektyviai diferencijuoti somatinės ir psichiatrinės kilmės PS. Kokybiškas anamnezės surinkimas yra svarbiausia diferencinės diagnostikos proceso dalis; padėti gali įvairūs vaizdiniai, ar laboratoriniai tyrimai. Nustačius PS, svarbu užtikrinti paciento bei aplinkinių saugumą. Tai galima padaryti taikant fizinio suvaržymo priemones, jei nepadeda kiti metodai, bei skiriant tinkamą farmakologinę terapiją, atsižvelgiant į PS epizodo etiologinę kilmę. Šio tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti ir aptarti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamą informaciją apie PS diferencinę diagnostiką bei valdymo metodus priėmimo skyriuje.
MONOTERAPIJOS IR KOMBINUOTOS SEDACIJOS PROPOFOLIU PALYGINIMAS VIRŠKINAMOJO TRAKTO ENDOSKOPINIŲ PROCEDŪRŲ METU
Authors: Kenstavičiūtė Viktorija , Buginytė Roberta , Mačiulienė Asta
Published: May 2021

Virškinamojo trakto (VT) ligų diagnostikai ir gydymui vis plačiau taikomos endoskopinės procedūros. Jų metu pacientų patiriamą diskomfortą ir nerimą mažina adekvati sedacija ir analgezija. Sedacijai sukelti dažniausiai naudojamas medikamentas yra propofolis. Jis yra trumpai veikiantis, neturintis analgezinio efekto, todėl dažnai naudojamas kombinuojant su opioidais ir (ar) benzodiazepinais. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami klinikiniai tyrimai, lyginantys monoterapiją propofoliu (MTP) ir kombinuotą sedaciją propofoliu (KTP), kai kartu su propofoliu naudojamas midazolamas, fentanilis ir (arba) ketaminas. Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti abiejų metodų įtaką nepageidaujamų reakcijų pasireiškimui, atsigavimo laiko trukmei po procedūros bei gydytojų ir pacientų pasitenkinimui atlikta procedūra. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad VT endoskopinių procedūrų metu taikant monoterapiją propofoliu hipoksijos ir hipotenzijos rizika yra didesnė, nei taikant kombinuotą terapiją propofoliu. Sedacijos pradžia ir atsigavimo laikas po procedūros yra trumpesnis, kai propofolis naudojamas vienas. Gydytojų ir pacientų pasitenkinimas procedūra nuo pasirinkto sedacijos metodo nepriklauso.
CHEMINIAI AKIŲ NUDEGIMAI
Authors: Sauliūnaitė Kristina , Puodžiuvienė Edita
Published: May 2021

Tikslas – išanalizuoti akių cheminių nudegimų epidemiologiją, klinikinės eigos ypatumus ir gydymo principus. Tyrimo metodas – sisteminė literatūros apžvalga. Mokslinių publikacijų paieška atlikta naudojantis PubMed paieškos sistema elektroninėje Medline duomenų bazėje. Atrinkti straipsniai, parašyti anglų kalba. Rezultatai. Akių cheminiai nudegimai dažniausiai įvyksta buityje, rečiau − darbo vietoje: pramonės įmonėse, statybvietėse. Šarmai du kartus dažniau nei rūgštys sukelia cheminius akių nudegimus. Cheminės medžiagos pažeidžia akių junginės ir ragenos epitelį, limbo kamienines ląsteles, skverbiasi gilyn į akies audinius ir sukelia jų negrįžtamą pažeidimą. Autoriai nurodo, kad pacientams po akių cheminių nudegimų būtina nedelsiant suteikti pirmąją pagalbą, nes laiku pradėtas gydymas turi įtakos gijimo eigai ir padeda išvengti sunkių pasekmių. Medikamentinio gydymo tikslas – slopinti uždegimą ir skatinti audinių regeneraciją. Aprašomi chirurginio gydymo metodai, tokie kaip amniono membranos transplantacija, limbo kamieninių ląstelių transplantacija ir kiti, kurie gali būti taikomi ir ankstyvosios, ir vėlyvosios gijimo fazės metu. Glaukoma po akių nudegimų gali pasireikšti bet kuriuo metu, todėl būtina pastoviai stebėti akispūdį. Išvados. Laiku ir teisingi paciento ir medikų veiksmai gali turėti lemiamos įtakos cheminių nudegimų baigčiai. Cheminių akių nudegimų gydymas yra didelis iššūkis kiekvienam oftalmologui, nes sunkių nudegimų atvejais regos prognozė nepalanki.
TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL BY COMBINING THE HOSPITAL INDICES USING THE PABON LOSSO MODEL DURING THE SURVEILLANCE BY AUTHORITIES:HAWTHORNE EFFECT
Authors: Kumar C. Narender
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:The patients' health care choice is diverting from the private health provider to the public hospital due to introduction of various
schemes and incentives by the policy makers. The limited resources are posing a challenge to the hospital administrator in escalating demands,
diversity and complexity of diseases of patients. The hospital performance enhances steadily by the monitoring authorities' surveillance. It is an
effective method for improving quality care in the public hospital. The Hawthorne effect is a term referring to the tendency of people to work harder
and increases in effectiveness of organization when they are being observed.
OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the performance of a teaching hospital during surveillance by calculating the hospital indices, using the Pabon
Losso Model.
2. To evaluate whether the Hawthorne effect is the cause of the increase in the effectiveness of hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective and record based cross-sectional study and conducted at Government teaching
hospital over a period of 18 months.
RESULTS: st A total of 18 months period census report was recorded from January 2016 to June 2017and hospital indices were estimated. The 1
phase of surveillance (January- 2016 to May -2016), where immense supervision was present, with performance feed- back, BOR was 88.65,
nd ALOS was 3.932, BTR was 7.074 and BTI was 0.54, 2 phase of surveillance which was intensied with communication and committee meetings
rd (June-2016 to October- 2016), BOR was 95.59, ALOS was 3.49, BTR was 7.03 and BTI was 0.886, 3 phase weaning period, where a little
th supervision (November -2016 to February-2017) BOR was 87.8, ALOS was 4.1, BTR was 6.413 and BTI was 0.5725 and 4 phase self sustain
stage or no observations phase, BOR was 92.6, ALOS was 3.47, BTR was 6.547 and BTI was 0.28.
CONCLUSION: The surveillance of higher authorities over the hospital had increased the performance. Hospital efciency is reected by
increased hospital indices. The cause and effect is the “Hawthorne effect”. Therefore it is concluded that the surveillance increases the performance
and efciency of the public hospitals.