bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le tournant environnemental en Amazonie : ampleur et limites du découplage entre production et déforestation
Authors: Laurent François , Arvor Damien , Daugeard Marion , Osis Reinis , Tritsch Isabelle , Coudel Emilie , Piketty Marie-Gabrielle , Piraux Marc , Viana Cecilia , Dubreuil Vincent , Hasan Ali F. , Messner François
Published: September 2017

L’Amazonie a amorcé depuis quelques années une baisse de la déforestation couplée à un développement économique. Le processus est cependant inégal. Si les grands et moyens producteurs font évoluer leurs systèmes de production vers l’intensification et la diversification dans les espaces déjà ouverts, délaissant en apparence les stratégies d’expansion, l’agriculture familiale reste à l’écart du découplage entre production et déforestation. Dans cet article, les engagements des pouvoirs publics et des filières, leurs effets en matière de déforestation et les inégalités d’adaptation sont analysés à l’échelle de l’Amazonie Légale et à celle d’une municipalité considérée comme un modèle car à l’initiative d’une démarche de Município Verde : Paragominas, en Amazonie orientale.
Ribeirinho Food Regimes, Socioeconomic Inclusion and Unsustainable Development of the Amazonian Floodplain
Authors: Schor Tatiana , Azenha Gustavo S.
Published: September 2017

En examinant les changements dans l'acquisition des aliments et les habitudes alimentaires, cet article explore de manière critique le développement durable de l'Amazonie. Le changement des habitudes alimentaires est un indicateur fort des changements dans les perceptions, les usages et les engagements avec la nature dans l'Amazonie, en fournissant un moyen utile d'examiner l'écart entre les mythes de la durabilité et la réalité de l'urbanisation rapide et l'évolution des moyens de subsistance dans l'Amazonie contemporaine. Nous soutenons qu'une écologie politique des régimes alimentaires dans la plaine d'inondation amazonienne brésilienne - en s'appuyant sur des approches et des idées anthropologiques et géographiques - offre un avantage privilégié pour éclairer les contradictions des trajectoires actuelles de développement et les disparités socio-environnementales qu'elles engendrent, contribuant potentiellement à l'articulation des politiques de développement durable et d'inclusion sociale plus efficaces.
Les effets des équipements hydroélectriques en Amazonie
Authors: Broggio Céline , Droulers Martine
Published: September 2017

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets à moyen et long terme des barrages et usines hydroélectriques implantés en Amazonie brésilienne depuis les années 1980 sur la réorganisation des territoires environnants. Les équipements hydroélectriques constituent un aspect du front pionnier amazonien. Suite aux perturbations importantes provoquées par leur installation, un processus de résilience territoriale s’engage dans un contexte de post-front pionnier. L’analyse du cas du barrage de Tucurui (État du Pará) peut-elle, avec trente ans de recul, apporter des éléments de réflexion sur la situation actuelle dans la région de Porto Velho (État du Rondonia) où deux grandes usines hydroélectriques (Santo Antônio et Jirau) ont été installées à la fin des années 2000 ?
L’espace du politique ou la politique de l’espace : l’éviction des quartiers populaires et les Jeux olympiques de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Zanotelli Cláudio
Published: September 2017

L’article mobilise le concept d’espace politique pour révéler les contradictions insurmontables par bien des aspects entre le « droit de la ville » et le « droit à la ville » au Brésil. Pour ce faire, il portera sur le cas emblématique du quartier de Vila Autódromo, à Rio de Janeiro. Dans le cadre de l’accueil des Jeux Olympiques de 2016 à Rio, des travaux d’aménagement pour la mise en place du Parc olympique et du quartier des logements des athlètes et de ses environs ont bouleversé l’espace de l’ouest de Rio, en particulier les quartiers de Barra da Tijuca et Jacarépagua. Vila Autodromo est un quartier populaire sous-intégré et enclavé à proximité du Parc olympique et a été en bonne partie démoli par la ville avant les Jeux. Ce qui s’est passé à Vila Autodromo illustre, selon nous, la structure des rapports inégaux et iniques qui existent au Brésil par rapport au droit à la ville. Il s’agira de montrer comment le droit de la ville, les plans et les projets de l’État, instrumentalisent le Droit et la Justice dans une démarche de stigmatisation et d’exclusion des plus pauvres des zones valorisées par des infrastructures et des équipements.
Une ontologie du commandement ?
Authors: David Hugo
Published: September 2017

On s’intéresse dans cet article à la contribution d’auteurs issus de l’exégèse scripturaire brahmanique (en sanskrit : Mīmāṃsā) à l’histoire de l’ontologie dans l’Inde du premier millénaire. Ce faisant, on cherche à mieux comprendre ce que signifie « philosopher » pour ces intellectuels voués à l’interprétation, dans une perspective ritualiste, d’un texte jugé comme éternel et infaillible. Le point de départ de l’enquête est l’opposition entre deux conceptions rivales de l’être (sattā), apparues simultanément au tournant des viie et viiie siècles au sein de cette école : l’être compris comme présence, l’être envisagé comme propriété de l’objet d’une connaissance valide. Après avoir brièvement caractérisé ces deux thèses (Section 1), on s’efforce de les situer au croisement de deux problématiques qui concernent le statut du Texte Sacré, à savoir la compréhension du caractère « hors normes » de l’objet du Veda (Section 2) et l’interprétation du phénomène linguistique du commandement (vidhi ou niyoga), central s’agissant d’un texte considéré comme essentiellement normatif (Section 3). L’hypothèse ici défendue est que cette double matrice, herméneutique et linguistique, occasionne l’élaboration controversée d’une « ontologie du commandement » et justifie de ce fait l’irruption des exégètes dans un domaine métaphysique réservé jusqu’alors aux tenant des philosophies « naturelles ».
Conscientize Learners With Littering in Environmental Education by Using Action Research Activities
Authors: Mashiloane Tsebo Kgoto , Mapotse Tome' Awshar
Published: September 2017

The aim of this chapter is to provide delegates with a fresh perspective on the littering challenges facing schools and homes in developing countries today, as well as the established skills and awareness intervention strategies necessary to overcome these challenges hence sustaining the teaching of Environmental Education (EE). The extend of Africa's ignorance of EE subject amongst teachers has intensified and reinforced that action research (AR) be regarded as a tool for learner emancipation in the teaching of EE. EE is still seen as a foreign concept by many teachers and a notion that can be down played in school curriculum and home territory. In this chapter EE has find its way into school environment successfully and effectively through engaging learners as co-researchers with action research approach. The study was designed from educational living paradigm and is underpinned by collaborative learning theory. An intervention in the form of action research spiral cycle activities with the learners has managed to make them conscious about littering.
Capacity Building Pedagogy for Diverse Learners
Authors: Bohjanen Sharon Lynn , Cameron-Standerford Abby , Meidl Tynisha D.
Published: September 2017

Our phenomenological study of student teachers' perceptions of special education practices identified a gap in a general education teacher preparation program, given the inclusive model of education mandated through the IDEIA (2004). We offer a 3-tiered teaching framework for teacher preparation programs to utilize capacity building differentiated pedagogy suitable for all learners, including digital learners and students with exceptionalities. The teaching skills for capacity building pedagogy, Universal Design for Learning, and Differentiated Instruction, supported through decades of special education research, will enable the next generation of teachers to effectively serve a diverse population of students (Frey, Andres, McKeeman & Lane, 2012; Hamilton-Jones & Vail, 2013; Oyler, 2011; Shepherd, Fowler, McCormick, Wilson, & Morgan, 2016).
Aspects Regarding Repetitive Maintenance Concept in Push Blades for Loading Equipment
Authors: Tanasache Daniel Tihanov , Florea Carmen , Iovanaș Daniela Maria , Binchiciu Emilia Florina , Binchiciu Aurelia
Published: September 2017

Preventive repeated maintenance concept provides elaborating, developing and reconditioning, repeatedly, in economic efficient conditions, of the pushing blades that equip bulk loading machines, namely leveling them. Applying the solution implies developing and elaborating active areas in direct contact with processed materials by loading through welding. To this end the base material of the blades is chosen to comply with the addition material afferent to the selected process, for predetermined circle tries, approx. 5 in the present moment.Research conducted to validate the loading through welding technology had primary objectives to obtain material couples base/addition that have a high resistance to intense bending demands, under load, combined with a good abrasion usage resistance or high pressure. The chemical composition of the basic materials in the pushing blades, is afferent to high resistance steels, with a maximum of1.6%Mn, max. 1.5%Cr, max.2%Ni, max. 0.7%Mo and max. 0.005%B. The chemical composition of the deposited material, through welding, falls into steel prescription, type Fe-25%Cr-5%W-Nb-Ti-B, with metallographic structures that have a high content of complex carbides and hardness of minimum 60 HRC. Sclerometric tried and metallographic research of specific area of the deposited metal/base metal ensemble did not highlight any imperfections such as cracks or white sports in the thermal influenced areas.Research regarding exploitation behaviour, of basaltic aggregates in loading conditions or cereals, have shown a good resistance at wear.
Older Adults Rate Their Mental Health Better than Their General Health
Authors: Magwene Elena M. , Quiñones Ana R. , Marshall Gillian L. , Makaroun Lena K. , Thielke Stephen
Published: September 2017

Background

Self-rated health (SRH) shows strong associations with measures of health and well-being. Increasingly, studies have used self-rated mental health (SRMH) as a predictor of various outcomes, independently or together with SRH. Research has not firmly established if and how these two constructs differ. We sought to characterize the relationship between SRH and SRMH, and to determine how this relationship differed across subgroups defined by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.

Design and methods

We analyzed data from the 2012 CAHPS Medicare Advantage Survey. SRH and SRMH ratings were crosstabulated to determine the distribution of responses across response categories. The expected joint probability distribution was computed and compared to the observed distribution. A constructed variable indicated whether SRMH was better, the same, or worse than SRH. We analyzed the distribution of this variable across various subgroups defined by sociodemographic and health-related factors.

Results

A total of 114,905 Medicare Advantage beneficiaries responded to both the SRH and SRMH questions. Both in general and within all subgroups, SRMH was usually rated as better than SRH, and rarely as worse.

Conclusions

Within a large group of Medicare recipients, the overwhelming trend was for recipients to rate their mental health as at least as good as their overall health, regardless of any sociodemographic and health-related factors. This finding of a shifted distribution encourages caution in the analytic use of selfrated mental health, particularly the use of both SRH and SRMH for adjustment. Additional research is needed to help clarify the complex relationship between these variables.
Basic properties of the infinite critical-FK random map
Authors: Chen Linxiao
Published: September 2017

In this paper we investigate the critical Fortuin–Kasteleyn (cFK) random map model. For each

q \in [0, \infty]

and integer

n \geq 1

, this model chooses a planar map of

n

edges with a probability proportional to the partition function of critical

q

-Potts model on that map. Sheeld introduced the hamburger–cheeseburer bijection which maps the cFK random maps to a family of random words, and remarked that one can construct infinite cFK random maps using this bijection. We make this idea precise by a detailed proof of the local convergence. When

q = 1

, this provides an alternative construction of the UIPQ. In addition, we show that the limit is almost surely one-ended and recurrent for the simple random walk for any

q

, and mutually singular in distribution for different values of

q

.
An application of cubical cohomology to Adinkras and supersymmetry representations
Authors: Doran Charles F. , Iga Kevin M. , Landweber Gregory D.
Published: September 2017

An Adinkra is a class of graphs with certain signs marking its vertices and edges, which encodes off-shell representations of the super Poincaré algebra. The markings on the vertices and edges of an Adinkra are cochains for cubical cohomology. This article explores the cubical cohomology of Adinkras, treating these markings analogously to characteristic classes on smooth manifolds.
Orders of Nikshych's Hopf algebra
Authors: Cuadra Juan , Meir Ehud
Published: September 2017

Let

p

be an odd prime number and

K

a number field having a primitive

p

th root of unity

\zeta_p

. We prove that Nikshych's non group-theoretical Hopf algebra

H_p

, which is defined over

\mathbb Q(\zeta_p)

, admits a Hopf order over the ring of integers

\mathcal O_K

if and only if there is an ideal

I

of

\mathcal O_K

such that

I^{2(p-1)} = (p)

. This condition does not hold in a cyclotomic field. Hence this gives an example of a semisimple Hopf algebra over a number field not admitting a Hopf order over any cyclotomic ring of integers. Moreover, we show that, when a Hopf order over

\mathcal O_K

exists, it is unique and we describe it explicitly.
Langlands functorality in $K$-theory for $C^*$-algebras. I. Base change
Authors: Chao Kuok Fai , Wang Hang
Published: September 2017

We compare representations of the real and complex general linear groups and special linear groups in the framework of

K

-theory, using base change on

L

-parameters. We introduce a notion of base change on

K

-theory involving the fixed point set of the reduced dual of a complex group. For general linear groups, we prove that the base change map is compatible with the Connes–Kasparov isomorphism.
Differentiable absorption of Hilbert $C^*$-modules, connections, and lifts of unbounded operators
Authors: Kaad Jens
Published: September 2017

The Kasparov absorption (or stabilization) theorem states that any countably generated Hilbert

C*

-module is isomorphic to a direct summand in the standard module of square summable sequences in the base

C*

-algebra. In this paper, this result will be generalized by incorporating a densely defined derivation on the base

C*

-algebra. This leads to a differentiable version of the Kasparov absorption theorem. The extra compatibility assumptions needed are minimal: It will only be required that there exists a sequence of generators with mutual inner products in the domain of the derivation. The differentiable absorption theorem is then applied to construct densely defined connections (or correpondences) on Hilbert

C*

-modules. These connections can in turn be used to define selfadjoint and regular "lifts" of unbounded operators which act on an auxiliary Hilbert

C*

-module.
(Almost) C*-algebras as sheaves with self-action
Authors: Flori Cecilia , Fritz Tobias
Published: September 2017

Via Gelfand duality, a unital C*-algebra

A

induces a functor from compact Hausdorff spaces to sets,

\mathsf{CHaus}\to\mathsf{Set}

. We show how this functor encodes standard functional calculus in

A

as well as its multivariate generalization. Certain sheaf conditions satisfied by this functor provide a further generalization of functional calculus. Considering such sheaves

\mathsf{CHaus}\to\mathsf{Set}

abstractly, we prove that the
piecewise
C*-
algebras
of van den Berg and Heunen are equivalent to a full subcategory of the category of sheaves, where a simple additional constraint characterizes the objects in the subcategory. It is open whether this additional constraint holds automatically, in which case piecewise C*-algebras would be the same as sheaves

\mathsf{CHaus}\to\mathsf{Set}

.

Intuitively, these structures capture the commutative aspects of C*-algebra theory. In order to find a complete reaxiomatization of unital C*-algebras within this language, we introduce
almost
C*-
algebras
as piecewise C*-algebras equipped with a notion of inner automorphisms in terms of a
self-action
. We provide some evidence for the conjecture that the forgetful functor from unital C*-algebras to almost C*-algebras is fully faithful, and ask whether it is an equivalence of categories. We also develop an analogous notion of \emph{almost group}, and prove that the forgetful functor from groups to almost groups is
not
full.

In terms of quantum physics, our work can be seen as an attempt at a reconstruction of quantum theory from physically meaningful axioms, as realized by Hardy and others in a different framework. Our ideas are inspired by and also provide new input for the topos-theoretic approach to quantum theory.
Case Report: Molecular Confirmation of Lobomycosis in an Italian Traveler Acquired in the Amazon Region of Venezuela
Authors: Beltrame Anna , Danesi Patrizia , Farina Claudio , Orza Pierantonio , Perandin Francesca , Zanardello Claudia , Rodari Paola , Staffolani Silvia , Bisoffi Zeno
Published: September 2017

Lobomycosis is a chronic skin mycosis endemic in Amazon regions characterized by chronic nodular or keloidal lesions caused by Lacazia loboi, an uncultivable fungus. Imported cases in nonendemic countries are rare and diagnosed after years. We describe a case of lobomycosis in a healthy 55-year-old Italian traveler who had acquired the infection during 5-day-honeymoon in the Amazon region of Venezuela in 1999. Several weeks after return, he recalled pruritus and papular skin lesions on the left lower limb, subsequently evolving to a plaque-like lesion. Blastomycosis and cryptococcosis were hypothesized based on microscopic morphology of yeast-like bodies found in three consecutive biopsies, although fungal cultures were always negative. In 2016, exfoliative cytology and a biopsy specimen examination showed round yeast-like organisms (6–12 μm), isolated or in a chain, connected by short tubular projections fulfilling the morphologic diagnostic criteria of Lacazia spp. The microscopic diagnosis was confirmed by molecular identification.
The origins and evolution of the debate on wage-led and profit-led regimes*
Authors: Lavoie Marc
Published: September 2017

While Kaleckian authors tend to find that economies are in a wage-led demand regime, Goodwinian authors tend to find that economies are in a profit-led demand regime. This paper avoids econometric technicalities and provides instead a historical perspective, going back to the empirical study of Boddy and Crotty and that of Weisskopf, as well as to the debates that arose in the 1980s between but also within the two main strands of heterodox macroeconomics: the Marxians and the post-Keynesians. This hopefully will help to shed some light on the more recent controversy over the existence of profit-led or wage-led demand regimes. A noteworthy feature of the paper is the emphasis on the existence of overhead labour costs and hence the distinction between managers and ordinary workers. These are likely to bias empirical measurements of demand regimes towards the profit-led regime at high-frequency data; they may also give rise to paradoxical results; and they justify the claim that an increase in the wage share of ordinary workers is likely to have a positive effect on aggregate demand even if economies are profit-led.
Estudio del flujo neutrónico en un reactor cilíndrico
Authors: Vidal-Ferràndiz A. , Carlos Sofia , Verdú G.
Published: September 2017

Dentro del Grado de Ingeniería de la Energía, impartido en la Universitat Politècnica de València, se encuentra la asignatura de Tecnología Nuclear, en la que los alumnos adquieren los conocimientos básicos sobre esta tecnología. Un objetivo primordial en este tipo de generación energética es el conocimiento de la distribución de la población neutrónica dentro de un reactor, con la finalidad de mantener la reacción en cadena.  Es evidente que esta actividad no puede desarrollarse de forma experimental, por lo que los modelos matemáticos son de gran importancia para lograr este objetivo.  Así, una de las prácticas que se propone a los alumnos es la obtención del perfil del flujo neutrónico en una geometría cilíndrica, que es un modelo aproximado del núcleo de un reactor, de forma analítica aprovechando para introducirlas funciones de Bessel y dar un ejemplo de su utilización.  Como método alternativo para obtener una aproximación de la solución del problema se utiliza el método de diferencias finitas. Se estudian distintas discretizaciones del reactor cilíndrico y se comparan las soluciones obtenidas.
Mishaps of Larynx in Pregnancy
Authors: Jain Ankit , Desai Binhi H
Published: September 2017

Pregnancy leading to hoarseness and stridor is not uncommon. It is usually a consequence of associated physiological changes and hence, reverts back to normalcy in postpartum. Pregnancy-induced stridor may rarely require a tracheostomy. Such a situation presents many challenges not only during the antenatal period but also during labor and the postpartum period.

In this article, we have presented three cases of hoarseness during pregnancy and a discussion on their management with a review of literature.

How to cite this article

Nerurkar NK, Desai BH, Jain A. Mishaps of Larynx in Pregnancy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):36-38.
Use of geographical information system data for emergency management points of distribution analysis with POD Locator 2.0
Authors: Chung, PhD Christopher A.
Published: September 2017

In 2010, the article Location and Analysis of Emergency Management Point of Distributions (PODs) for Hurricane Ike was published in the Journal of Emergency Management. Using a program titled point of distribution locator (POD Locator 1.0), the article reported a 46 percent improvement in positioning PODs over the locations selected by emergency managers during Hurricane Ike in 2008. While the program could produce more effective POD locations for a given situation, a major weakness of the program was the difficulty with which population and location data were manually entered into the program for subsequent analysis. This prevented organizations that could have otherwise benefited from the program from successfully utilizing it without additional training. This research effort focuses on the leveraging of readily available geographic information system (GIS) electronic data to address this problem. Analysis of the difference between the previous manual data entry method and the GIS assisted method was statistically significant.
Superstorm Sandy: Emergency management staff perceptions of impact and recommendations for future preparedness, New York State
Authors: Yanson, MPH Adam , Hilts, MPH, DrPH Asante Shipp , Mack, BS Stephanie , Eidson, MA, DVM, DACVPM Millicent , Nguyen, MD, DrPH Trang , Birkhead, MD, MPH Guthrie
Published: September 2017

Objective: This study collected and summarized feedback from staff at the New York State (NYS) Office of Emergency Management (OEM) and three county OEMs within NYS to understand lessons learned from the 2012 Superstorm Sandy.Design: Cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative analysis.Subjects, Participants: One staff person from each identified critical role from the state and county OEMs who were still employed in the roles identified. Interventions: In-person interviews in 2014 followed by an anonymous survey in 2015 examined the response strengths, challenges, and recommendations using federally and study-defined Public Health Preparedness Capabilities. Quantitative analysis of staff survey ratings was used to summarize perceptions of interagency collaboration, communication effectiveness, and differences by staff position.Results: Response rates were 78 percent for interviews (n = 7) and 45 percent for surveys (n = 36). In interviews, “emergency operations coordination” was cited most frequently (48 percent), specifically for successful interagency coordination. “Emergency operations coordination” was also cited most among challenges (45 percent), with emphasis on problems with uniformity of software systems across agencies. Survey responses indicated that “volunteer management” (50 percent) and the “safety and health of responders” (40 percent) were frequently reported as challenges. Additionally, 38 percent of OEM staff reported that situation reports submitted by health departments need improvement. Recommendations from OEM staff included “emergency operations coordination” (36 percent) such as sharing of resources and “training” (16 percent) including hospital evacuation training.Conclusions: Analysis of OEM staff feedback identified specific challenges, and concrete recommendations were made to improve response going forward.
Invited review: Genome-wide association analysis for quantitative traits in livestock – a selective review of statistical models and experimental designs
Authors: Schmid Markus , Bennewitz Jörn
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Quantitative or complex traits are controlled by many genes and environmental factors. Most traits in livestock breeding are quantitative traits. Mapping genes and causative mutations generating the genetic variance of these traits is still a very active area of research in livestock genetics. Since genome-wide and dense SNP panels are available for most livestock species, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have become the method of choice in mapping experiments. Different statistical models are used for GWASs. We will review the frequently used single-marker models and additionally describe Bayesian multi-marker models. The importance of nonadditive genetic and genotype-by-environment effects along with GWAS methods to detect them will be briefly discussed. Different mapping populations are used and will also be reviewed. Whenever possible, our own real-data examples are included to illustrate the reviewed methods and designs. Future research directions including post-GWAS strategies are outlined.
Cirrus cloud retrieval with MSG/SEVIRI using artificial neural networks
Authors: Strandgren Johan , Bugliaro Luca , Sehnke Frank , Schröder Leon
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Cirrus clouds play an important role in climate as they tend to warm the Earth–atmosphere system. Nevertheless their physical properties remain one of the largest sources of uncertainty in atmospheric research. To better understand the physical processes of cirrus clouds and their climate impact, enhanced satellite observations are necessary. In this paper we present a new algorithm, CiPS (Cirrus Properties from SEVIRI), that detects cirrus clouds and retrieves the corresponding cloud top height, ice optical thickness and ice water path using the SEVIRI imager aboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation satellites. CiPS utilises a set of artificial neural networks trained with SEVIRI thermal observations, CALIOP backscatter products, the ECMWF surface temperature and auxiliary data. CiPS detects 71 and 95 % of all cirrus clouds with an optical thickness of 0.1 and 1.0, respectively, that are retrieved by CALIOP. Among the cirrus-free pixels, CiPS classifies 96 % correctly. With respect to CALIOP, the cloud top height retrieved by CiPS has a mean absolute percentage error of 10 % or less for cirrus clouds with a top height greater than 8 km. For the ice optical thickness, CiPS has a mean absolute percentage error of 50 % or less for cirrus clouds with an optical thickness between 0.35 and 1.8 and of 100 % or less for cirrus clouds with an optical thickness down to 0.07 with respect to the optical thickness retrieved by CALIOP. The ice water path retrieved by CiPS shows a similar performance, with mean absolute percentage errors of 100 % or less for cirrus clouds with an ice water path down to 1.7 g m−2. Since the training reference data from CALIOP only include ice water path and optical thickness for comparably thin clouds, CiPS also retrieves an opacity flag, which tells us whether a retrieved cirrus is likely to be too thick for CiPS to accurately derive the ice water path and optical thickness. By retrieving CALIOP-like cirrus properties with the large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution of SEVIRI during both day and night, CiPS is a powerful tool for analysing the temporal evolution of cirrus clouds including their optical and physical properties. To demonstrate this, the life cycle of a thin cirrus cloud is analysed.
Response of water use efficiency to summer drought in a boreal Scots pine forest in Finland
Authors: Gao Yao , Markkanen Tiina , Aurela Mika , Mammarella Ivan , Thum Tea , Tsuruta Aki , Yang Huiyi , Aalto Tuula
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The influence of drought on plant functioning has received considerable attention in recent years, however our understanding of the response of carbon and water coupling to drought in terrestrial ecosystems still needs to be improved. A severe soil moisture drought occurred in southern Finland in the late summer of 2006. In this study, we investigated the response of water use efficiency to summer drought in a boreal Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris) on the daily time scale mainly using eddy covariance flux data from the Hyytiälä (southern Finland) flux site. In addition, simulation results from the JSBACH land surface model were evaluated against the observed results. Based on observed data, the ecosystem level water use efficiency (EWUE; the ratio of gross primary production, GPP, to evapotranspiration, ET) showed a decrease during the severe soil moisture drought, while the inherent water use efficiency (IWUE; a quantity defined as EWUE multiplied with mean daytime vapour pressure deficit, VPD) increased and the underlying water use efficiency (uWUE, a metric based on IWUE and a simple stomatal model, is the ratio of GPP multiplied with a square root of VPD to ET) was unchanged during the drought. The decrease in EWUE was due to the stronger decline in GPP than in ET. The increase in IWUE was because of the decreased stomatal conductance under increased VPD. The unchanged uWUE indicates that the trade-off between carbon assimilation and transpiration of the boreal Scots pine forest was not disturbed by this drought event at the site. The JSBACH simulation showed declines of both GPP and ET under the severe soil moisture drought, but to a smaller extent compared to the observed GPP and ET. Simulated GPP and ET led to a smaller decrease in EWUE but a larger increase in IWUE because of the severe soil moisture drought in comparison to observations. As in the observations, the simulated uWUE showed no changes in the drought event. The model deficiencies exist mainly due to the lack of the limiting effect of increased VPD on stomatal conductance during the low soil moisture condition. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the coupling of carbon and water cycles in the boreal Scots pine forest ecosystem and suggests possible improvements to land surface models, which play an important role in the prediction of biosphere–atmosphere feedbacks in the climate system.
Vegetation history and palaeoclimate at Lake Dojran (FYROM/Greece) during the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors: Masi Alessia , Francke Alexander , Pepe Caterina , Thienemann Matthias , Wagner Bernd , Sadori Laura
Published: September 2017

Abstract. A new high-resolution pollen and NPPs (Non-Pollen Palynomorphs) analysis has been performed on the sediments of Lake Dojran, a transboundary lake located at the border between Greece and Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The sequence covers the last 12 500 years and provides information on vegetational dynamics of the Late Glacial and Holocene for southern Balkans. A robust age-model, sedimentological, diatom, and biomarker analyses published previously have been the base 5 for a multi-perspective interpretation of the new palynological data. Pollen analysis revealed that the Late Glacial is characterized by steppic taxa with prevailing Amaranthaceae, Artemisia and Poaceae. The arboreal vegetation starts to rise after 11 500 yr BP, taking a couple of millennia to be definitively attested. Holocene vegetation is characterized by the dominance of mesophilous plants. Quercus robur type and Pinus are the most abundant taxa followed by Quercus cerris type, Quercus ilex type and Ostrya/Carpinus orientalis. The first attestation of human presence can be presumed at 5000 yr BP for the 10 contemporary presence of cereals, Juglans and Rumex. A drop of both pollen concentration and influx together with a δ18Ocarb shift indicates increasing aridity and precedes clear and continuous human signs since 4000 yr BP. Also a correlation between Pediastrum boryanum and fecal stanol suggests that the increase of nutrient in the water is related to human presence and pasture. An undoubted expansion of human-related plants occurs since 2600 yr BP when cereals, arboreal cultivated and other synanthropic non-cultivated taxa are found. A strong reduction in arboreal vegetation occurred at 2000 yr BP, when the strong 15 Roman Empire impacted on a landscape undergoing climate dryness in the whole Mediterranean area. In recent centuries the human impact still remains high but spots of natural vegetation are preserved. The Lake Dojran multi-proxy analysis including pollen data provide a valuable contribution to the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and the comprehension of the past vegetation dynamics of southern Balkans.
Consistent initial conditions for the Saint-Venant equations in river network modeling
Authors: Yu Cheng-Wei , Liu Frank , Hodges Ben R.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Initial conditions for flows and depths (cross-sectional areas) throughout a river network are required for any time-marching (unsteady) solution of the one-dimensional (1-D) hydrodynamic Saint-Venant equations. For a river network modeled with several Strahler orders of tributaries, comprehensive and consistent synoptic data are typically lacking and synthetic starting conditions are needed. Because of underlying nonlinearity, poorly defined or inconsistent initial conditions can lead to convergence problems and long spin-up times in an unsteady solver. Two new approaches are defined and demonstrated herein for computing flows and cross-sectional areas (or depths). These methods can produce an initial condition data set that is consistent with modeled landscape runoff and river geometry boundary conditions at the initial time. These new methods are (1) the pseudo time-marching method (PTM) that iterates toward a steady-state initial condition using an unsteady Saint-Venant solver and (2) the steady-solution method (SSM) that makes use of graph theory for initial flow rates and solution of a steady-state 1-D momentum equation for the channel cross-sectional areas. The PTM is shown to be adequate for short river reaches but is significantly slower and has occasional non-convergent behavior for large river networks. The SSM approach is shown to provide a rapid solution of consistent initial conditions for both small and large networks, albeit with the requirement that additional code must be written rather than applying an existing unsteady Saint-Venant solver.
Rainwater propagation through snowpack during rain-on-snow sprinkling experiments under different snow conditions
Authors: Juras Roman , Würzer Sebastian , Pavlásek Jirka , Vitvar Tomáš , Jonas Tobias
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The mechanisms of rainwater propagation and runoff generation during rain-on-snow (ROS) events are still insufficiently known. Understanding storage and transport of liquid water in natural snowpacks is crucial, especially for forecasting of natural hazards such as floods and wet snow avalanches. In this study, propagation of rainwater through snow was investigated by sprinkling experiments with deuterium-enriched water and applying an alternative hydrograph separation technique on samples collected from the snowpack runoff. This allowed us to quantify the contribution of rainwater, snowmelt and initial liquid water released from the snowpack. Four field experiments were carried out during winter 2015 in the vicinity of Davos, Switzerland. Blocks of natural snow were isolated from the surrounding snowpack to inhibit lateral exchange of water and were exposed to artificial rainfall using deuterium-enriched water. The experiments were composed of four 30 min periods of sprinkling, separated by three 30 min breaks. The snowpack runoff was continuously gauged and sampled periodically for the deuterium signature. At the onset of each experiment antecedent liquid water was first pushed out by the sprinkling water. Hydrographs showed four pronounced peaks corresponding to the four sprinkling bursts. The contribution of rainwater to snowpack runoff consistently increased over the course of the experiment but never exceeded 86 %. An experiment conducted on a non-ripe snowpack suggested the development of preferential flow paths that allowed rainwater to efficiently propagate through the snowpack limiting the time for mass exchange processes to take effect. In contrast, experiments conducted on ripe isothermal snowpack showed a slower response behaviour and resulted in a total runoff volume which consisted of less than 50 % of the rain input.
On new applications of fractional calculus
Authors: Jain Shilpi , Agarwal Praveen
Published: September 2017

In the present paper author derive a number of integrals concerning various special functions which are applications of the one of Osler result. Osler provided extensions to the familiar Leibniz rule for the nth derivative of product of two functions.
On the existence results for a class of singular elliptic system involving indefinite weight functions and asymptotically linear growth forcing term
Authors: Afrouzi Ghasem A. , Shakeri S. , Chung N. T.
Published: September 2017

In this work, we study the existence of positive solutions to the singular system$$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta_{p}u = \lambda a(x)f(v)-u^{-\alpha} & \textrm{ in }\Omega,\\-\Delta_{p}v = \lambda b(x)g(u)-v^{-\alpha} & \textrm{ in }\Omega,\\u = v= 0 & \textrm{ on }\partial \Omega,\end{array}\right.$$where $\lambda $ is positive parameter, $\Delta_{p}u=\textrm{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u)$, $p>1$, $ \Omega \subset R^{n} $ some for $ n >1 $, is a bounded domain with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega $ , $ 0<\alpha< 1 $, and $f,g: [0,\infty] \to\R$ are continuous, nondecreasing functions which are asymptotically $ p $-linear at $\infty$. We prove the existence of a positive solution for a certain range of $\lambda$ using the method of sub-supersolutions.
Certain results on generalized (k,\mu)-contact manifolds
Authors: Majhi Pradip , Ghosh Gopal
Published: September 2017

The object of the present paper is to study generalized (k,\mu)-contact manifolds. At first we consider \phi-semisymmetric generalized (k,\mu)-contact manifolds. Beside these we study extended pseudo projective at generalized (k,\mu)-contact manifolds. Also (k,\mu )-contact manifold satisfying \barP^e.S = 0 is also considered. As a consequence we obtain several corollaries.
Melodic heads, saliency, and strength in voicing and nasality
Authors: Breit Florian
Published: September 2017

Melodic Heads in Element Theory (Kaye et al. 1985; Harris & Lindsey 1995; Backley 2011) have long been associated with higher acoustic saliency of the headed prime’s properties (Lindsey & Harris 1990; Backley 1995; Harris & Lindsey 1995; et alia) and with the relative strength (e.g. alignment of melodic heads with strong positions and robustness of headed expressions against lenition) of a melodic head compared to a dependent (e.g. Backley & Nasukawa 2009). Following substantial work on the interaction of voicing and nasality (Nasukawa 1997, 2005; Ploch 1999; Botma 2004) it is commonly assumed that voicing and nasality are both represented by the same prime |L|, with dependent |L| encoding nasality and headed |L| encoding voicing. In this paper I counter some of the arguments for the universality of this implementation, and develop an alternative view of a unified voicing–nasality prime, in which voicing is encoded by dependent |L| and nasality by headed |L|. I show how this analysis is more consistent with both the saliency and strength arguments by considering arguments based on the represented acoustic patterns, positional strength, nasal sharing (nasal harmony within onset–nucleus pairs), and cross-linguistic biases against loss of nasality. Finally, I show how this account is compatible with a more restrictive, recursive view of the phonological interpretation component following the set theoretic model of Element Theory in Breit (2013). Based on these arguments I conclude that we have good reason to doubt the universality of Nasukawa (1997, 2005) and Ploch’s (1999) implementation; instead we must give serious consideration to the reverse option with headed |L| for nasality and dependent |L| for voicing. I suggest that there are two possible responses to this situation: we can either make the attempt to radically adopt the alternative, or we can adopt a more relativistic position (in the sense of Cyran 2011, 2014) which allows a choice between both options. This article is part of the Special Collection: Headedness in Phonology
Gender and Transaction Costs in Use of Zero Grazing Net for Tsetse Fly and Trypanosomiasis Control in Stall Feeding Systems in Kenya
Authors: Mose Jared Isaboke
Published: September 2017

Trypanosomiasis is a widespread constraint in livestock production, mixed farming and human health in Africa. Several technologies have been developed to ameliorate the effects of the disease but delivery of these technologies to farmers has been undertaken on trial and error basis without a proper strategy leading to more failure than success and wastage of scarce resources. The purpose of this paper was to carry out an analysis of transaction costs incurred in accessing and using insecticide treated net in tsetse and trypanosomiasis control among smallholder cattle farms in Busia County, Kenya. The study utilized cross–sectional survey design and was guided by the New Institutional Economics approach and utilized stratified and simple random sampling technique to get 211 respondents for the study. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conjoint analysis results for zero grazing net showed that cost was the most important factor influencing farmers’ decision, accounting for 38.52% of the total while durability and availability each accounted for 25% and retreatability accounted for 10% of the decisions. Further t-test results showed that there were significant differences between men and women with respect to attribute scores (at 99 d.f. and alpha = 0.05%) suggesting that men and women face different transaction costs in accessing T&T control technologies. Therefore there is need for gender sensitive strategies in T&T technology design and dissemination. Tsetse fly and Trypanosomiasis control by use of low cost technologies such as insecticide treated zero grazing net should be promoted by government and other development partners. The net should be affordable, available at supply outlets close to farmers, long lasting and re-treatable for famers to take it up.
The Evaluation of the Opinions of Prospective Teachers about the Objectives of Human Rights Education
Authors: OZBEK Ramazan
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study is to evaluate opinions of prospective teachers attending Social Sciences Teaching Department Primary Education Section on the objectives of Human Rights Education in the scope of Citizenship and Democracy Education Curriculum. This study is vital for learning of democratic life. 25 prospective teachers studying in the 8th semester were selected by purposive sampling method. Prospective teachers’ opinions generally converge at the point where sufficient success is not being achieved in the realization of educational objectives. Other issues include human rights violations, causes of human rights violations, teaching the ways of protecting human rights, not only giving theoretical knowledge but also using different samples and methods in teaching activities with the help of technology, using environment, educating patriotic individuals who are sensitive to environment and human rights and willing to solve problems, educating individuals who can build and develop positive relationships with people in different races, thoughts and geographical regions, democratic individuals oriented to create a democratic society.
Extraction-Spectrophotometric Determination of Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Omer Lazeeza Sattar , Ali Rasul Jameel
Published: September 2017

Simple, selective and highly detectable spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of Lidocaine hydrochloride in standard and commercial solutions .The method is based on the formation of a soluble colored Lidocaine hydrochloride-eriochrome black T ion-pair complex at pH 1.80. The colored complex was extracted quantitatively into chloroform and measured at 508 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.10-10 mg L -1 with molar absorptivity of 2.3623 x104 L mol-1 cm-1.The limits of detection and quantification were 0.024 mg L -1, and 0.100 mg L -1 respectively. Using Job’s continuous variations method, the stoichiometry of the ion-pair complex was found to be 1:1. Intra-day accuracy and precision of the method were estimated with a relative error (0.57%), and the relative standard deviation (0.25-1.23). This developed method has been successfully employed to determine concentration of Lidocaine hydrochloride in injection and spray without interference by the common co-formulated substances.The numerical results obtained using both proposed and official methods were in concordance with each other.
ANALIZA ZASTOSOWANIA WYBRANYCH INŻYNIERSKICH NARZĘDZI SYMULACYJNYCH DO MODELOWANIA ŚWIATŁA DZIENNEGO
Authors: Piotrowska Ewa
Published: September 2017

Poprawa efektywności energetycznej budynków wiąże się z szeregiem działań, szczególnie biorąc pod uwagę kwestie instalacyjne i dobór urządzeń. Jednym z elementów budynku jest jego instalacja oświetleniowa, którą należy rozważać, zgodnie z normą PN-EN 12464-1:2012, jako instalację elektryczną zaopatrzoną w mechanizmy automatyki i uwzględniającą czynnik światła dziennego. Analizę światła dziennego oparto na wykorzystaniu charakterystycznych standardowych modeli nieboskłonów, które mogą realizować oświetlenie dzienne i opisanych w raporcie CIE. W opracowaniu wyników wykorzystano oprogramowanie typu DIALux, Relux oraz Ecotect, Analizę przeprowadzono na przykładzie budynku użyteczności publicznej,
dla którego w referencyjnym pomieszczeniu określono rozkład natężenia oświetlenia światłem dziennym oraz sumaryczną moc promieniowania padającego na powierzchnię roboczą. W symulacjach uwzględniono orientację budynku względem stron świata, rozmiar i położenie okien oraz wpływ trzech typowych modeli nieboskłonów, z uwzględnieniem rozkładu luminancji sfery niebieskiej. Wyniki zaprezentowano w postaci rozkładu miesięcznego i godzinowego średniego natężenia oświetlenia oraz równomierności oświetlenia światłem dziennym na powierzchnię roboczą.