bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Happily together forever: temporal variation in spatial patterns and complete lack of territoriality in a promiscuous rodent
Authors: Borremans Benny , Hughes Nelika K. , Reijniers Jonas , Sluydts Vincent , Katakweba Abdul A. S. , Mulungu Loth S. , Sabuni Christopher A. , Makundi Rhodes H. , Leirs Herwig
Published: August 2013

The availability of resources, their effect on population density and territoriality, and the ways in which these factors are interwoven with mating systems are important determinants of small mammal space use. It is often difficult to study these patterns in an integrated way, however, especially because long‐term data are needed but not readily available. In this paper, we investigate effects of population density, season and breeding status on home range patterns of the promiscuous rodent Mastomys natalensis using monthly capture‐mark‐recapture data collected over 17 years in a 3‐ha grid. Home ranges were estimated using minimum convex polygons bounded by trap locations, and home range overlap and visitation rates were calculated as a measure of territoriality. As higher population densities coincide with increased resource availability, we predicted that home range sizes would correlate negatively with density. Furthermore, as M. natalensis is promiscuous and population densities are generally high, we predicted that territoriality would be low, and home range overlap would therefore be high. Contrary to expectations the home ranges of female adults increased with population density, although those of male adults and subadults followed the expected decrease. Home range overlap and visitation rates were generally high, and increased significantly with population density. More importantly, they were never lower than those of simulated datasets consisting of randomly moved home ranges. These results therefore suggest that M. natalensis displays a complete lack of territoriality that is rarely seen in small mammals but still meets predictions based on knowledge of density and mating system.
Specific Psychosocial Issues of Individuals Undergoing Genetic Counseling for Cancer – A Literature Review
Authors: Eijzenga Willem , Hahn Daniela EE , Aaronson Neil K , Kluijt Irma , Bleiker Eveline MA
Published: August 2013

Approximately 25 % of individuals undergoing genetic counseling for cancer experiences clinically relevant levels of distress, anxiety and/or depression. However, these general psychological outcomes that are used in many studies do not provide detailed information on the specific psychosocial problems experienced by counselees. The aim of this review was to investigate the specific psychosocial issues encountered by individuals undergoing genetic counseling for cancer, and to identify overarching themes across these issues. A literature search was performed, using four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Embase). Papers published between January 2000 and January 2013 were selected using combinations, and related indexing terms of the keywords: ‘genetic counseling’, ‘psychology’ and ‘cancer’. In total, 25 articles met our inclusion criteria. We identified the specific issues addressed by these papers, and used meta‐ethnography to identify the following six overarching themes: coping with cancer risk, practical issues, family issues, children‐related issues, living with cancer, and emotions. A large overlap in the specific issues and themes was found between these studies, suggesting that research on specific psychosocial problems within genetic counseling has reached a point of saturation. As a next step, efforts should be made to detect and monitor these problems of counselees at an early stage within the genetic counseling process.
GROUP ACTIONS AND COVERINGS OF BRAUER GRAPH ALGEBRAS
Authors: GREEN EDWARD L. , SCHROLL SIBYLLE , SNASHALL NICOLE
Published: August 2013

We develop a theory of group actions and coverings on Brauer graphs that parallels the theory of group actions and coverings of algebras. In particular, we show that any Brauer graph can be covered by a tower of coverings of Brauer graphs such that the topmost covering has multiplicity function identically one, no loops, and no multiple edges. Furthermore, we classify the coverings of Brauer graph algebras that are again Brauer graph algebras.
Adventus Augusti: A Drawing Attributed to Giovanni Antonio da Brescia
Authors: Colvin Sidney
Published: August 2013

The drawing (reproduced on Plate XXXV.) to which I give this title and attribution was acquired for the British Museum from a private source in 1911, and is of particular interest from its relation to one of the sculptured panels which decorate the attic of the Arch at Constantine at Rome. The series to which this relief belongs has been fully and learnedly discussed by Mr. Stuart Jones (following Petersen and others) in Papers of the British School at Rome, vol. iii. pp. 251–268. Mr. Stuart Jones maintains, and may be regarded, I conceive, as having fairly established, the view that these reliefs were originally executed as part of a monument raised in celebration of the German and Sarmatian victories of Marcus Aurelius, A.D. 174, and that eight panels were removed thence by Constantine to decorate his own triumphal arch, where they remain in situ to this day, while three others of the same series are also extant in the Palazzo dei Conservatori.
Veii: the Valghetta Baths (‘Bagni Della Regina’)
Authors: Jones G. D. B.
Published: August 2013

The plateau on which the site of Veii stands is bounded by the steeply eroded valleys of the Fosso Piordo and the Torrente Valchetta, the ancient river Cremera. A kilometre to the north-east of their confluence near the Piazza d'Armi, the site of the bath-house serving the Roman municipium Augustum Veiens was exposed by river erosion in November 1959 (fig. 1). It lies across the narrow floor of the Valchetta ravine, where the river has changed course frequently since classical times. The ancient approach probably lay along a small track leading from the edge of the main town plateau immediately above the baths. This choice of position, which certainly had pre-Roman associations, was determined by the presence of a number of hot springs which break through the valley floor at this point. They are the result of quiescent volcanic activity; another example occurred on the opposite side of Veii, in the Vignacce area of the Fosso Piordo.

The site was known to antiquarians of the last century. Canina mentions the baths briefly (p. 73) and reproduces an engraving of them (Tav. XX) in Antica cittá di Veio (1847), which presumably shows the outer shell of the building before the river broke into it (pl. XX, a). It illustrates a vital point in understanding the remains as they stand at present.
Il mosaico absidale di san teodoro a Roma: problemi storici e restauri attraverso disegni e documenti inediti
Authors: Bolgia Claudia
Published: August 2013

THE APSE MOSAIC OF SAN TEODORO IN ROME: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS HISTORY AND RESTORATION BASED ON UNPUBLISHED DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS

The apse mosaic of San Teodoro presents numerous complicated problems. It has been heavily altered over the centuries, and the extent of these alterations has seriously impeded scholarly study. Comparison of the known extant antiquarian drawings, together with important unpublished archival documents, permits the reconstruction of its conservation history. This is considerably more complex than had been thought previously. The identification of at least four extensive, and often clumsy, restoration campaigns produces a new and precise definition of the parts of the original mosaic that survive. These manifest a level of quality scarcely imaginable earlier, and allow new technical and stylistic comparisons to be made in order to verify the commonly accepted chronology. The new documentation yields important information about the apse mosaic itself, and throws light on the history of Roman restoration workshops, mosaic-workers, materials and setting techniques.
Santa Maria in Civita revisited
Authors: Bowes Kim , Hodges Richard
Published: August 2013

UNA RILETTURA DI SANTA MARIA IN CIVITA

Questa nota riesamina l'archeologia del sito di nono secolo situato in cima alla collina di Santa Maria in Civita e giunge alia conclusione, sulla base di quanto ora visibile — risultato di un'intensa attivita agricola —, che il sito era occupato da tre unita separate, una chiesa e due comprensori residenziali.
The Odyssey frescos of the Via Graziosa: a proposed context
Authors: Coarelli Filippo
Published: August 2013

LE PITTURE CON SCENE DELL'ODISSEA DA VIA GRAZIOSA: UN TENTATIVO DI RICONTESTUALIZZAZIONE

Le pitture con scene dell'Odissea, scoperte tra il 1849 e il 1850 e conservate nei Musei Vaticani, costituiscono una delle opere capitali della pittura romana di secondo stile. La tendenza recente ad abbassarne la data fino all'età augustea e l'assenza di uno studio topografico adeguato inducono ad un tentativo di ricontestualizzazione, tanto sul piano cronologico quanta sul piano spaziale. Dal primo punto di vista, il ritrovamento awenuto contemporaneamente di frammenti di un calendario dipinto coevo alle pitture, che è dimostrabilmente pregiuliano, indica un terminus post quern non al 46 a.C: le pitture vanno quindi datate intorno al 50 a.C. circa. Dal secondo punto di vista la posizione della domus sul Cispius permette di identificarne l'atrio in un frammento della Pianta Marmorea Severiana. La presenza nella stessa zona del tempio di Mefitis e la scoperta nelle vicinanze di due iscrizioni che nominano i Papirii, suggeriscono di attribuire la casa a questa gens. Infatti, il tempio di Mefitis, probabilmente di carattere privato, è stato forse fondato, a seguito di evocatio, da L. Papirius Cursor, dopo il trionfo su Sanniti, Tarantini e Lucani del 272 a.C.
Pictorial cycles of non-biblical saints: the seventh- and eighth-century mural cycles in Rome and contexts for their use
Authors: Jessop Lesley
Published: August 2013

CICLI PITTORICI DEI SANTI NON BIBLICI: I CICLI MURALI A ROMA NEL SETTIMO E NELL'OTTAVO SECOLO E IL CONTESTO DEL LORO USO

Un gruppo di dipinti del settimo e dell'ottavo secolo, raffiguranti storie di santi non biblici, sopravvive a Roma. Sebbene relativamente pochi, questi dipinti rappresentano un distinto gruppo di narrative agiografiche, caratterizzati dal fatto che tutti i cicli sono costituiti da dipinti murali, che essi raffigurano per lo più santi orientali e che appaiono per la maggior parte in cappelle laterali o in spazi simili a cappelle delle diaconiae. Questo articolo analizza tali pitture nel contesto delle loro chiese di appartenenza ed intende dimostrare che i cicli sono fortemente influenzati da immigranti di lingua greca a Roma, dal culto dei santi e delle reliquie da essi promulgate) e dall'interesse per i santi non biblici tipico dei membri del ceto laico.
Some Drawings from the Antique attributed to Pisanello
Authors: Hill G. F.
Published: August 2013

A certain number of the drawings ascribed to Pisanello, both in the Recueil Vallardi in the Louvre and elsewhere, are copies, more or less free, of antique originals. The doubts which have been expressed, by Courajod among others, as to the authenticity of some of these drawings are fully justified in the case of those which reproduce ancient coins. Thus we have, on fol. 12. no. 2266 v° of the Recueil Vallardi, a coin with the head of Augustus wearing a radiate crown, inscribed DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER, and a head of young Heracles in a lion's skin, doubtless taken from a tetradrachm of Alexander the Great. Similar in style and on paper with the same watermark (a triple mount) are four coins: a laureate head of Augustus (?); a radiate head of Augustus; a head of young Heracles in a lion's skin; and a bearded head of Heracles.
Studies in Roman Historical Reliefs
Authors: Wace A. J. B.
Published: August 2013

The four papers here printed are part of the fruits of a study of the development of Roman reliefs undertaken during the last three years in Rome. The object of this study has been to attempt to determine the Roman or Alexandrian origin of the ‘Hellenistic’ reliefs that have been the subject of so much controversy. The result of this main investigation will be published elsewhere at a later time. In the meantime it is hoped that these papers will help in some degree towards the explanation of some important Roman monuments, and towards a clearer knowledge of the development of Roman imperial art. To Professor Hülsen and Dr. Ashby I owe much for the help they have so kindly given me; but I am most deeply indebted to Mr. Stuart Jones, without whose aid these studies would never have been written.
Roman Verona: The Archaeology of its Town-Plan
Authors: Richmond I. A. , Holford W. G.
Published: August 2013

Archaeology sheds little light upon the origins of Verona, but ancient literary tradition assigns its foundation to the Rhaetians and Euganeans of northern Italy, while modern philologists do not hesitate to identify the name Verona as Gallic. Actually, there is no doubt that, as Pliny asserts, the town lay in Rhaetian land, for inscriptions mentioning Rhaetian deities and religious functionaries come from its neighbourhood. One may even guess at the site of the Rhaetian oppidum, for there is only one hill at Verona that it can have crowned, namely, the high spur east of the river, on which the Visconti later placed their castle of San Pietro. This overlooks the best point to span the turbulent Adige (Athesis) near Verona, and its position serves as a reminder that the Rhaetians were northern folk looking southwards and choosing to live in a hill-town, like their Gallic kinsmen. The disposition of Trento provides an almost exact parallel, further up the valley.
Beasts and their Names in the Roman Empire
Authors: Toynbee J. M. C.
Published: August 2013

Personal names of animals, mostly of dogs and horses, are, as everyone is aware, recorded in the literature and archaeological monuments of archaic, classical, and hellenistic Greece. A few examples must suffice here, by way of preface to our present study. The most familiar of Homeric named beasts is, of course, Odysseus' faithful hound Argos (‘Swiftfoot’: Od. 17, 292). Hector's steeds (Il. 8, 185) were Xanthos, Podargos, Aithon, and Lampos—Tawny, Swiftfoot, Flash, and Fire: Achilles drove Xanthos and Balios—‘Tawny’ and ‘Dapple,’ offspring of the mare Podarge (Il. 19, 400); and Menelaus yoked Agamemnon's mare Aithe (Bay) and his own horse Podargos (Il. 23. 295). Names of classical hunting-dogs are quoted in Xenophon's Cynegeticus (7, 5). In hellenistic times the best-known animal-name is that of Alexander's favourite charger Boukephalas (‘Oxhead’) (Strabo 15, I, 29; etc.). Theocritus records the names of two heifers, Lepargos (‘Whitecoat’) and Kymaitha (Plumpling ?) (4, 45–46), and of a bull, Phaethon (‘Brightcoat’) (25, 139): the author of Idyll 8 tells us of Lampourgos (Firetail), a sheep-dog (65); while among metrical epitaphs on dogs dating from this age we have that of Philokynegos (‘Chasseur’) of Pergamon, accompanied by a portrait of the deceased and dating, probably, from the third century b.c.
The Church of San Salvatore at Spoleto: some structural notes
Authors: Perkins J. B. Ward
Published: August 2013

The church of San Salvatore, on the outskirts of Spoleto, is a monument as familiar as it is puzzling. Together with the closely related Clitumnus temple, 10 km. distant between Spoleto and Trevi, it has been the subject of at least one monograph and of numerous articles, and it figures in all the standard works on late antique and early medieval art in Italy. It first appears in history in a document of 815, confirming to the abbey of Farfa certain possessions, including monasterium sancti Salvatoris situm prope eandem civitatem (i.e. Spoleto). The majority of writers have regarded both it and the Clitumnus Temple as the product of a late antique, classicising revival, and have assigned them to dates ranging from the late fourth to the sixth centuries. Recently Deichmann has advanced the novel, but attractive, suggestion that they belong rather to the latter part of the eighth century, and are the work of the Dukes of Spoleto, produced under Carolingian domination and under strong Carolingian artistic influence.
Excavations at Sphagion in Cyprus
Authors: Hennessy J. B.
Published: August 2013

The Cemetery at Sphagion was excavated during the last week of August 1951, under the auspices of the Ashmolean Museum—Sydney University expedition to Cyprus with the aid of funds contributed jointly by the University of Sydney and the Australian Institute of Archaeology, Melbourne, which now possesses the finds allotted to the expedition by the Department of Antiquities. Tomb 17 is in the Cyprus Museum. The University of Sydney has made a generous grant towards the cost of illustration.

The site at Sphagion (so called because of a nearby slaughter-house) lies on the outskirts of the village of Myrtou (Kyrenia District) in North-west Cyprus (fig. 1). It is situated immediately to the North of the main Myrtou-Nicosia road, within a few metres of the 20-mile post from Nicosia. The narrow, flat tract of land, now used for the cultivation of vines and olives, has a shallow surface soil overlying the soft white limestone into which the graves were cut. The land belongs to Eleni Hadji Sophokli of the village of Myrtou.
Notes on Southern Etruria and the Ager Veientanus
Authors: Perkins J. B. Ward
Published: August 2013

The notes that follow are the first results of a programme of field-survey undertaken by the writer and by various members of the British School during the autumn of 1954 in the area that lies immediately to the north of Rome, between the Tiber and the sea. This area is one that has been strangely neglected by modern students of Italian topography. Ashby's published work is concerned mainly with those parts of the Campagna that lie to the south and east of Rome; and Tomassetti's work, invaluable as a repertory of manuscript and published sources, lays no claim to be a comprehensive survey of the material remains surviving on the ground.

Such a survey is badly needed today. The romantic desolation of Southern Etruria is being transformed from one day to the next under the impact of a scheme of landreform comparable in scale to the great reforms of classical antiquity, and vast estates which for centuries have been used for stock-breeding and seasonal pasture are being broken up and brought into cultivation with all the devastating thoroughness that modern mechanical equipment entails. Whole regions are accessible today as they have never been before, and within them the bulldozer and the mechanical plough are busy destroying whatever lies in their path.
Nuovi testi di leggende agiografiche beneventane
Authors: De Stefano Antonino
Published: August 2013

Tra i manoscritti conservati nella Biblioteca Arcivescovile di Benevento esiste un lezionario contenente parecchie leggende agiografiche beneventane che è rimasto sino ad oggi sconosciuto.

Benchè relativamente recente, questo manoscritto è però molto importante per più d'un titolo. Anzitutto perchè esso è indubbiamente copia immediata di antichissimi codici, poi perchè ci fornisce il principio e la fine della leggenda della Translatio dei dodici Fratelli Martiri, pubblicata già dal Giovardi acefala ed apoda: infine perche ci offre una leggenda riferentesi a San Giovenale martire, di cui, come vedremo, nulla pare sia mai stato pubblicato.

Il codice di scrittura secentesca o settecentesca, è cartaceo, legato in pergamena, costa di 40 fogli, di cui però otto sono completamente bianchi, e misura cm. 26 1/2 × 20 1/2. Sulla copertina una mano posteriore ha riprodotto il titolo della prima leggenda. Il codice è stato scritto da due mani, indipendenti, e press'a poco contemporanee.
Excavations beside the North-West Gate at Veii, 1957–58
Authors: Ward-Perkins J. B.
Published: August 2013

The excavations here described were undertaken by the British School at Rome on behalf of the Superintendency of Antiquities for Southern Etruria, through the courtesy of its Superintendent, Professor Renato Bartoccini, who has done so much to foster active archaeological research within an area that is undergoing drastic and archaeologically disastrous change, and with the active and cordial collaboration of his staff. The purpose of the excavations was the strictly limited one of examining, while there was yet time, one of the few remaining stretches of the defences of Veii where ploughing in recent years had revealed (and is now rapidly destroying) substantial remains of the ancient walls. In the course of the work such other features as came to light were examined and recorded so far as this limited purpose permitted; but no attempt was, or could be, made to follow up the larger implications of these discoveries, which must await another occasion and other hands.

The work was undertaken in two short campaigns, each of between two and four weeks' duration. The first of these, in November and December 1957, was hampered by the ravages of Asian influenza, the work of supervision being shared in succession by Mrs. Selina Tomlin (now Mrs. Ballance), Mr. Guy Duncan and Mr. Michael Ballance; and it is greatly to their credit that, despite these difficulties, a satisfactory and coherent result was obtained. The second campaign took place in October-November 1958, and was supervised throughout by Mrs. P. W. Murray Threipland. Both in the field and the work-room a great deal of volunteer help was received both from students of the School and from friends and visitors, outstanding among the latter being Mrs. Anne Kahane and Mrs. Betty Eastwood and, during the second campaign, Mr. Eric Gray.
Excavation of a Roman Building near ‘Tomba di Nerone’ on the Via Cassia
Authors: Perkins J. B. Ward
Published: August 2013

In May 1959, while digging foundations for an electric switch-room in the grounds of the Overseas School, Via Cassia no. 811, workmen came upon the remains of a Roman building. The discovery was reported to the Superintendency of Antiquities for Rome and, by arrangement with the authorities of the Superintendency, the British School undertook to supervise and to record such work of clearance and record as might prove possible within the time and with the means available. The following is a brief, factual report upon this work. In presenting it, the writer wishes to record his indebtedness to Dr. Paul Webb, Headmaster of the Overseas School; to Professor Giulio Jacopi, Superintendent of Antiquities for Rome; to Dottoressa Valnea Scrinari, Inspector of Antiquities for the district; to Mr. John Crawley who supervised most of the work of excavation in conjunction with Signor Rigitano of the Superintendency; to Mr. and Mrs Michael Ballance who helped to record and photograph the results; to Mr. Brian Hartley and Mr. R. A. G. Carson, who kindly examined and reported on the pottery and on the coin, respectively, and to all those friends and pupils of the Overseas School and visitors to the British School who volunteered their assistance during the course of work.
A Roman Republican Hoard from Capalbio
Authors: Crawford M. H.
Published: August 2013

In the course of building operations near Capalbio in the summer of 1949 a small hoard of Roman Republican silver was found by one of the workmen. The exact find-spot is not known, but it seems to have been close to the Via Aurelia, where this passes Lago San Floriano. The coins were contained in an earthenware jar, which was destroyed. Doris Taylor Bishop, who was excavating at Cosa at the time, was told of the discovery, prevented the hoard from being dispersed and made a list of its contents. At a later stage, she was able to buy the coins and export them to the United States.
Underwater Exploration of the Ancient Port of Nora, Sardinia
Authors: Wilkes W. G. St. J. , Macnamara Ellen
Published: August 2013

On the peninsula of Capo di Pula, which lies some 32 km. west of Cagliari on the south coast of Sardinia, are the ruins of a Roman town overlying those of Punic date. The peninsula is shaped like a triangle; one corner now touches the mainland and forms a narrow isthmus of sand; the outer two corners are rocky promontories surrounded by scarps. Here stood the ancient town; excavation has revealed considerable urban remains, including the foundations of a temple of Tanit, with fine Punic masonry dating back to the fifth century B.C., a street plan with many houses, mainly Roman but some of Punic masonry and possibly dating to the sixth century B.C. In this area was the Roman theatre. At the base of the isthmus there are some Punic tombs along the shore and the Tophet; the earliest stelae may be of sixth century date but most appear to be late Punic in style. Nearby may be seen traces of a Roman aqueduct and the little Romanesque church of S. Efisio is still standing.

The site is generally accepted as that of the ancient Nora, one of the four principal Punic towns of Sardinia. Not only is this town known to have been near Cagliari, but a local inscription records a gift to the people of Nora made by Favonia Vera, and the dedication of the church recalls the tradition that S. Efisio was martyred at Nora.
Further Notes on the Publisher Giacomo Mazzocchi
Authors: Rhodes Dennis E.
Published: August 2013

In December 1970 the British Museum acquired from the British School at Rome a small printed book, in quarto, undated and without title or imprint, and consisting of twelve leaves of text, with a number of woodcut ornamental borderpieces, and on the first three leaves two woodcut signs of the zodiac at the top of each page. The book is very rare, copies being known in the following libraries: Rome, Biblioteca Angelica; Vatican; Seville, Biblioteca Colombina; London, British Museum (formerly British School at Rome copy, acquired by Thomas Ashby from the Rome bookseller Silvio Bocca in 1924); Milan, private collection of C. E. Rava. Theodor Mommsen wrote in 1893 that another copy ‘nuper comparavit bibliotheca nostra regia’, i.e. the Preussische Staatsbibliothek: I have not ascertained whether this copy is still in Berlin. Sander describes the book as a Calendarium, and adds, without giving any reason, that it was printed before September, 1515. As will be seen later, it must have been printed before May, 1515. Rava, in his recent supplement to Sander, shows that as Sander had not seen a copy he makes a number of errors in his description. Rava rightly says that this little work ought to be described as ‘Calendarii et Fasti’, since it is not a calendar in the modern sense, but more precisely it reproduces the texts, partly fragmentary, of ancient calendars and Roman fasti engraved on slabs of marble, which the anonymous compiler had collected in various places.
The Cultivation of Millet in Roman Italy
Authors: Spurr M. S.
Published: August 2013

LA COLTIVAZIONE DEL MIGLIO NELL'ITALIA ROMANA

Questo articolo dimostra che la policoltura dei cereali rimase normale in Italia in tutto il periodo romano. Entro questo quadro generale, il miglio era un prodotto importante e ubiquitario: si poteva adattare a una grande varietà di terreno e di clima ed aveva molteplici usi come cibo per gli uomini, foraggio per gli animali, becchime, e nella medicina. Era coltivato dai piccoli agricoltori come precauzione contro la sempre presente minaccia di un cattivo raccolto di altri cereali, in particolari quelli seminati in autunno, e dai proprietari di grandi terreni coltivabili per le necessità della tenuta e per la vendita al mercato.

L'argomento è affrontato unendo testimonianze letterarie, archeologiche e comparate (dal periodo pre-classico e medievale) con particolare attenzione alla realtà agricola.
Luni and theAger Lunensis: The Rise and Fall of a Roman Town and its Territory
Authors: Smith Catherine Delano , Gadd Derek , Mills Nigel , Ward-Perkins Bryan
Published: August 2013

LUNI E L'AGER LUNENSIS

Quattro campagne di ricerca sono state eseguite tra il 1978 e il 1981 nella zona immediatamente circostante la città Romana abbandonata di Luna (Luni) in Liguria. Lo scopo della ricerca era di contribuire a spiegare come una grande città sia fiorita qui in epoca Romana, e perchè sia sparita agli inizi del Medioevo. La ricerca archeologica di superficie (parte 2) ha rivelato poco dell'epoca preistorica e medievale, ma ha individuato resti sparsi di fattorie Romane, specialmente nelle collinette che sovrastano la città. Queste fattorie collinari, una delle quali è stata scavata (Parte 3), sembra siano state abbandonate verso la fine del I sec. d.C, e viene ipotizzato che esse dipendessero per la loro sussistenza dalla produzione e dall'esportazione di vino e olio. La Parte 4 esamina in dettaglio i problemi connessi con la scoperta di insediamenti altomedievali in questa zona. La Parte 5 è il resoconto di una ricognizione geomorfologica nella zona del porto di Luna, che ha messo in luce l'esistenza a ovest della città di un bacino portuale poco profondo, e ha documentato il suo processo graduale di riempimento in epoca post-classica. Nella Parte 6 sono illustrate alcune conclusioni generali e i rapporti tra la città e il suo entroterra.
A section through the ancient Via Cassia, north of Rome at Km. 13·8
Authors: Kenrick Philip M.
Published: August 2013

UNA SEZIONE DI SCAVO SULLA VIA CASSIA ANTICA A NORD DI ROMA, AL KM. 13,8

Sono presentati i risultati di uno scavo del 1966, comprendente una sezione del fondo stradale della Via Cassia ed alcuni resti vicini: vennero scoperti nell'occasione tre fasi di costruzione ed un pozzo di ispezione dell'Aqua Traiana.
Public Building in Rome between the Second Punic War and Sulla
Authors: Coarelli Filippo
Published: August 2013

Discussion of the last century of the Roman Republic, now increasingly incisive and professional in the field of political and social history, if less so in the field of economic history, has so far taken little account of the evidence of archaeology, or rather of those historical investigations which make direct use of material objects as their primary source of evidence; the ‘material culture’ thus studied is naturally to be understood in the widest possible sense. Of course, a concern with material culture has not been wholly lacking in historians, who are perhaps now increasingly aware of it (it is here irrelevant whether they have rejected or accepted, however summarily, its relevance, provided they have done so explicitly). But the use of archaeological evidence, when it has occurred, has been for the most part conditioned by a traditionalist approach, which sees in a number of fields of study no more than ancillary disciplines to the science of history; fields of study concerned with material culture have been particularly vulnerable to being ranked in this hierarchical fashion and thus to being used to provide marginal support to theories based largely or exclusively on evidence of other kinds, for the most part literary.
A Roman Villa at Crocicchie, Via Clodia
Authors: Potter T. W. , Dunbabin K. M.
Published: August 2013

UNA VILLA ROMANA A CROCICCHIE, VIA CLODIA

L'articolo descrive il bagno di una piccola villa rustica vicino a Roma. Del III secolo, il bagno aveva quattro stanze principali con un corridoio o una veranda di fronte. Una stanza era decorata a mosaico in bianco e nero rappresentante due delfini, di cui i miglior paralleli sono a Roma e a Ostia. Il rilievo topografico suggerisce che la villa comprendeva altri due edifici intorno al cortile principale. E' probabile che siano stati costruiti nel primo periodo imperiale. La villa, nel suo insieme, non sembra fosse abitata dopo il tardo III secolo d.C.
Historical and Topographical Notes on Early Mediaeval South Etruria: Part II
Authors: Wickham C. J.
Published: August 2013

NOTE STORICHE E TOPOGRAFICHE SULL' ETRURIA MERIDIONALE DEL PRIMO MEDIOEVO

Questo articolo è una dettagliata analisi e commento della documentazione storica risalente al primo medioevo di una piccola zona dell'Etruria meridionale (Tuscia Romana), in completamento alle perlustrazioni archeologiche della stessa zona effettuate dalla British School. Si concentra su una completa lista di chiese del XI secolo, aggiunte alla diocesi di Silva Candida; detta lista determina un territorio che comprende i villaggi moderni dell'Isola Farnese, Formello, Cesano, Sacrofano, Riano e Prima Porta (tutte nella provincia di Roma) e le zone limitrofe. Tale territorio è discusso accuratamente, zona per zona, ponendo l'attenzione su tutti gli insediamenti documentati in ciascuna zona nel primo medioevo, e collocandone la documentazione, dove possibile, nel materiale archeologico. Una di queste era il monastero di S Cornelio del XI secolo, che un tempo era lo chiesa demaniale della PontificiadomuscultaCapracorum del VIII secolo, tuttavia non sembra essere stata tanto importante nell'organizzazione territoriale della Campagna Romana come comunemente si pensava. I villaggi medievali della Campagna si riteneva si fossero formati nel X secolo attraverso un processo di accentramento noto comeincastellamento. Ciò risulta essere vero per il nostro territorio, ma non è stato possibile presumerlo, in base al fatto che nell'immediato nord di questo territorio molticastellierano probabilmente già apparsi nel VII secolo. Nel ‘Latium’, Lazio ad oriente del Tevere, tale incastellamento era il lavoro di grandi proprietari terrieri; nella nostra regione non esistevano grandi possedimenti in mano di un unico proprietario e la formazione di villaggi ‘dall'alto’ sarebbe stata impossibile. Di conseguenza, l'incastellamento fu molto più lento e inconsistente; vicino all'Isola Farnese e Formello era completo dall'inizio del XI secolo; vicino a Sacrofano nel tardo XII secolo c'erano ancora insediamenti dispersi, intorno piccoli villaggi su promontori (ora inesistenti), vicino si trovava l'insediamento di S Cornelio che rimase disperso probabilmente fino ad oggi.

L'articolo si conclude con un tentativo di discussione sulle cause dell'incastellamento in questo territorio; una localizzazione politica può essere uno slancio molto più importante di una semplice difesa contro invasori armati.
New aerial reconnaissance in Apulia
Authors: Riley D. N.
Published: August 2013

NUOVE RICOGNIZIONI AEREE IN PUGLIA

Grazie alle fotografie scattate dalla Royal Air Force durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale nell'area del Tavoliere, in Puglia, fu registrata la presenza di tracce nelle piante coltivate dalle quali sono state ottenute un gran numero di informazioni di tipo archeologico. Ulteriori voli compiuti nel 1987 e nel 1989 dal Oberstleutnant O. Braasch, accompagnato sia dall'Autore che da altri, hanno dimostrato come ancora sia possibile utilizzare tale tecnica per l'individuazione di antiche tracce nelle piante coltivate, sempre in Puglia, nonostante i danni procurati fino ad oggi dai lavori agricoli eseguiti a partire dal periodo successivo alla guerra. Quest'articolo fornisce una serie di brevi informazioni circa 70 villaggi trincerati di tipo Neolitico osservati nel Tavoliere e nelle sue vicinanze, oltre che di altri 11 villaggi trincerati individuati più a Sud, vicino ad Altamura e a Matera. I siti di epoca romana individuati nel Tavoliere comprendono i resti di centuriazione oltre che dettagliate tracce appartenenti ad una villa e di trincee vicine a questa, scavate quasi sicuramente quando furono piantate delle viti. L'articolo considera la frequenza delle tracce nelle piante coltivate nell'Italia meridionale orientale e le loro relazioni con i terreni locali. Poiché tali tracce compaiono quasi esclusivamente su terreni particolarmente favorevoli, viene enfatizzata la necessità di prendere in considerazione anche le evidenze di carattere geologico e pedologico di una regione nei casi in cui venga studiata la distribuzione di siti individuati unicamente attraverso tracce nelle piante coltivate.
Porta Pia: excavations and survey in an area of suburban Rome
Authors: Bird Joanna , Claridge Amanda , Gilkes Oliver , Neal David
Published: August 2013

PORTA PIA: SCAVO E RILEVAMENTO DI UN'AREA DELLA ROMA SUBURBANA. PARTE I

Si tratta della prima parte di una relazione sul lavoro archeologico portato avanti dalla British School at Rome nell'area dell'Ambasciata Britannica a Porta Pia negli anni '60 e nel 1991/2.

Durante l'estate del 1969 una piccola trincea fu aperta immediatamente dietro le mura aureliane della città, che in quest'area erano state ricostruite nel 1564. Furono riconosciute tre principali fasi dell'occupazione romana, la prima forse consistente di un terrazzamento a giardino probabilmente dell'inizio del secondo secolo d.C. L'area fu in seguito occupata da un angolo di un edificio industriale, possibilmente una fullonica. La terza fase era rappresentata dalla costruzione delle mura della città, nel 271-5 d.C. Un livello di scarico associato con la costruzione delle mura conteneva detriti derivanti da alcune tombe contigue e materiale ceramico risalente circa al 275 d.C.

Il lavoro condotto in altre zone dell'area dell'Ambasciata ha portato allo studio di un mosaico monocromo con una scena marina, databile al periodo approssimativamente compreso fra il 140 e il 270 d.C., nonchè un dettagliato rilevamento della miniera di pozzolana del XVI e XVII secolo.
Urban communities in Naples, 900-1050
Authors: Skinner Patricia
Published: August 2013

COMUNITA URBANE A NAPOLI NEL 900-1050

Questo articolo esamina l'evidenza documentaria sulla vita degli abitanti di Napoli nel X e nell'XI secolo. Viene proposto che documenti più tardi possono non solo dare informazioni sulla vita delle communità urbane di questo periodo, ma anche sulla sopravvivenza di attività urbane nella città nel periodo della ‘dark age’, vale a dire fra il VI e l'VIII secolo. I documenti sono pieni di dettagli sulla condizione delle case e sulle comunità artigiane ed ecclesiastiche, offrendo un quadro di Napoli ricco almeno quanto quello ottenuto per molte delle città dell'Italia settentrionale nello stesso periodo. Indagini archeologiche potrebbero permettere un ulteriore arricchimento di questo quadro.
A new reading of the mosaic inscription in the temple of Diana Tifatina
Authors: Pobjoy Mark
Published: August 2013

UNA NUOVA LETTURA DELL'ISCRIZIONE A MOSAICO NEL TEMPIO DI DIANA TIFATINA

Questo articolo propone un testo completamente rivisitato dell'iscrizione a mosaico localizzata nel pavimento del tempio di Diana Tifatina, che attualmente forma parte della basilica di Sant' Angelo in Formis (San Michele Arcangelo). Il tempio, situato appena a nord dell'antica Capua, era uno dei più importanti santuari della Campania in epoca romana, ed era conosciuto in tutto il mondo romano. L'iscrizione, che è gravemente danneggiata, era stata precedentemente datata al 74 a.C. e menziona, fra le altre cose, la ricostruzione del tempio da parte di un gruppo di magistri. La nuova lettura, oltre ad apportare importanti correzioni al testo per quanto riguarda i nomi degli individui e le attività per le quali questi erano responsabili, indica che il testo era stato erroneamente datato, e che in effetti appartiene ad un periodo alquanto diverso della storia italiana.
IV. The Etruscan City
Authors: Ward-Perkins J. B.
Published: August 2013

About the internal topography of the Etruscan city we know sadly little. That it was very largely determined by the natural configuration of the ground there is little room for doubt. It is true that on the Piazza d'Armi Stefani found what may have been an open square with a straight street leading out of one corner of it and a second street running for a short distance at right angles to it. But the regularity of plan extends only a very short distance back from the main façade, and it bears all the marks of being a later rationalisation of an existing irregular plan; nor is there any suggestion of a regular layout elsewhere in the city. The main lines of the street-plan are clear enough, and these indicate a radial layout, with the city-centre occupying roughly the same site as the centre of the Roman town. This was, and still is, the natural focus of the plateau. Here the crest divides into two distinct ridges, the southern one running the full length of the promontory, right down to the Piazza d'Armi, the northern one bearing off to the left and then swinging right again towards the modern Casale Cabrioli, ending on the cliffs overlooking the Fosso della Valchetta, opposite the Vacchereccia tumulus. The layout of the south-eastern part of the town was very largely determined by the course of the roads which followed these two ridges and of a third road which probably ran down the bottom of the valley between them. Two other roads, those from the Formello and the Millstream Gates, converge directly on the centre, and that from the Capena Gate joined the northern ridge-road about 500 m. to the east. The Caere road probably joined the axial road some distance to the west of the centre.
Masonry Techniques in Medieval Rome, c. 1080–c. 1300
Authors: Lloyd J. E. Barclay
Published: August 2013

TECNICHE MURARIE MEDIEVALI A ROMA

In questo articolo si discutono le tecniche murarie usate a Roma nel periodo c. 1080–c. 1300: opere murarie—con o senza riempitura a calce degli interstizi (stilatura), falsa cortina–e con modulo variato; opus listatum (opus mixtum), con l'uso di tufi e mattoni; opus saracinescum, solo di tufelli. Le variazioni di modulo possono servire a datare a tre periodi le opere murarie medievali: c. 1080–c. 1216; c. 1216–c. 1246; c. 1246–c. 1300. La stilatura sembra fosse il marchio distintivo di certe imprese costruttrici; fu usata tra c. 1080–c. 1200; nel XII secolo si trova ancora tra i conci rastremati. Mentre l'opus listatum apparve c. 1080–c. 1200, l'opus saracinescum era più tipico nel XIII e XIV secolo. Le tecniche murarie erano a volte relative alla funzione di un edificio—chiesa, palazzo, monastero, torre o casa, oppure al fatto che il muro fosse nelle fondamenta o sopra il livello del terreno.

In questo articolo l'autore riesamina l'opera di M. E. Avagnina, V. Garibaldi e D. Salterini, ‘Strutture murarie degli edifici religiosi di Roma nel XII secolo’, Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale d'Archeologia e Storia dell'Arte, XXIII–XXIV (1976–77) 173 sgg. Nella Tabella II sono riassunte le informazioni contenute in tale opera. Le osservazioni dell'autore si trovano nella Tabella I. Le techniche murarie qui discusse e il loro uso nella Roma medievale sono illustrate alla Tabella III.
The Stoa of Hadrian at Athens
Authors: Sisson M. A.
Published: August 2013

Because there exists no complete survey or accurate record of the important ruin of Roman date commonly known as the Stoa of Hadrian, it has seemed worth while to make a detailed examination and conjectural reconstruction of the remains in order to settle, if possible, the still disputed question of identity and, with the aid of relevant literary material, to throw further light on the purpose and history of the structure.

The ruin in question lies in the lower part of the modern town at the foot of the northern slope of the Acropolis and slightly to the north of the Roman Agora and the Gateway of Athena Archegetis. Between the streets of Ares and Aeolus lofty walls, in part preserved, enclose on three sides a rectangular space, half of which has been excavated, revealing the foundations of an internal colonnade or stoa and various rooms, while the remainder is occupied by roads, houses, shops, barracks and a military prison. The wall on the fourth or southern side is unexcavated, but it is evident from the disposition of those now visible that the building was symmetrical about an axis running approximately east and west. The only entrance to the enclosure was in the west wall, which was of marble and decorated with columns of the Corinthian order. Of this façade only the northern half and one column of the entrance portico are now visible. On the north, east, and doubtless on the south, the area was enclosed by blank, rusticated walls of limestone.
Control with sensors/actuators assigned by Markov chains: transition rates partially unknown
Authors: Lu Zibao , Guo Ge
Published: August 2013

This study investigates systems where the sensors and the actuators are driven by two independent random events so that at any time only a subset of them is activated. The triggering events are modelled by two Markov chains with partially unknown transition rates. The authors derive a systematic control analysis and synthesis framework using theories in Markovian jumping systems and time‐delay systems. The results are given in terms of the delay bounds and the transition probabilities of the Markov chains, which are obtained by using a newly defined Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the weak infinitesimal operator. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stability analysis of complex‐valued impulsive system
Authors: Fang Tao , Sun Jitao
Published: August 2013

Since quantum system, which is one of the foci of ongoing research, is the classical example of complex‐valued systems, in this study, the stability of complex‐valued impulsive system is addressed. Taking advantage of the Lyapunov function in the complex fields, the stability criteria of complex‐valued impulsive system are established, which not only generalises the stability criteria on real‐valued impulsive system, but also greatly reduces the complexity of analysis and computation. Moreover, as an application, a linear impulsive feedback controller for the complex‐valued Lü system is designed.
Decoupled recursive‐least‐squares technique for extraction of power system synchronised phasors under fault conditions
Authors: Sadinezhad Iman , Agelidis Vassilios G.
Published: August 2013

This study presents application of the decoupled recursive‐least‐squares (DRLS) technique for extraction of power system synchronised phasors under fault conditions. The proposed DRLS technique demonstrates robust performance during faults, subsequent operation of circuit breakers and reclosing of a transmission line. The proposed DRLS technique also significantly reduces the computational burden of the conventional RLS technique for implementation on digital signal processors (DSPs). The modification of decomposition of single‐phase into orthogonal components frequency estimation technique for three‐phase power systems is also applied to adapt the DRLS estimation with frequency drifts. The performance of the proposed DRLS technique has been evaluated through presetting selected simulation results in DigSilent Power Factory and MATLAB‐Simulink. DSP implementation of the DRLS technique also confirms considerable computational efficiency improvement when compared with that of the conventional RLS technique.
Cobweb theory‐based generation maintenance coordination in restructured power systems
Authors: Latify Mohammad Amin , Seifi Hossein , Mashhadi Habib Rajabi , Sheikh‐El‐Eslami Mohammad Kazem
Published: August 2013

A cobweb theory‐based maintenance coordination algorithm is proposed in this study. It is an iterative process in which, initially, the independent market operator (IMO) declares the interval electricity price for the period of concern. The generation companies (GenCos) would then provide the independent system operator (ISO) and the IMO with their own maintenance proposals; based on their own objectives and constraints. The ISO would evaluate the impact of the maintenance proposals on the reliability indices and assign some penalties/rewards to the GenCos; in proportion to their contributions in reliability index violation from a desirable level. On the other hand, the IMO would declare the new electricity prices, considering the new maintenance proposals. These two signals would be used by the GenCos to review and modify their maintenance proposals. The procedure is repeated until an equilibrium point is reached. For convergence assurance, a memory rate is introduced by which the GenCos earlier experiences in providing the ISO with the maintenance proposals are, somehow, taken into account. The capabilities of the proposed algorithm are assessed and evaluated on IEEE reliability test system.