bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Alignment of Natural and Sexual Selection
Authors: Rowe Locke , Rundle Howard D.
Published: August 2021

Sexual selection has the potential to decrease mean fitness in a population through an array of costs to nonsexual fitness. These costs may be offset when sexual selection favors individuals with high nonsexual fitness, causing the alignment of sexual and natural selection. We review the many laboratory experiments that have manipulated mating systems aimed at quantifying the net effects of sexual selection on mean fitness. These must be interpreted in light of population history and the diversity of ways manipulations have altered sexual interactions, sexual conflict, and sexual and natural selection. Theory and data suggest a net benefit is more likely when sexually concordant genetic variation is enhanced and that ecological context can mediate the relative importance of these different effects. Comparative studies have independently examined the consequences of sexual selection for population/species persistence. These provide little indication of a benefit, and interpreting these higher-level responses is challenging.
Clinical Analysis of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Resection of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules and Influencing Factors in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Nodules
Authors: Yue Hongxu , Fan Kaijie , Zhang Zhimin , Liu Yang
Published: August 2021

Purpose. This is a retrospective research comparing the clinical outcomes of single-hole versus multi-hole video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) resection for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) and examining the factors influencing the diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Method. We collected the clinical data, surgical status, outcomes, and corresponding imaging features of 317 patients with SPN who were surgically resected by VATS and diagnosed as benign or malignant by pathology in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Result. Among the 317 patients, 124 (39.12%) underwent single-port VATS and 193 (60.88%) underwent multiple-hole VATS. All patients were grouped according to the different surgical methods, and their postoperative indicators were statistically analyzed. The results showed that neither the single-port VATS group nor the multi-port VATS group had any serious adverse events such as death during the perioperative period. The average operation time, intraoperative blood loss, drainage tube indwelling time, and postoperative hospital stay were significantly lower in the two groups. Statistics of postoperative pathological diagnosis showed that 98 cases (30.91%) of all nodules were benign nodules and 219 cases (69.09%) were malignant nodules, and a further single-multivariate analysis showed that age, nodule maximum diameter, lobular sign, burr sign, vascular cluster sign, and pleural depression sign were independent relevant factors for the diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules. Conclusion. VATS is less invasive and has fewer complications and is of great clinical value for both diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant SPN. Age, maximum nodal diameter, lobar sign, burr sign, vascular set sign, and pleural depression sign were independent correlates affecting the diagnosis of benign and malignant SPN, which reminds that great attention should be paid to patients who are older and have risk factors on imaging, and early and timely active treatment or close follow-up should be carried out.
Development and Validation of Diagnostic Models for Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Children
Authors: Zhuo Feng , Yu Mengjie , Chen Qiang , Li Nuoya , Luo Li , Hu Meiying , Dong Qi , Hong Liang , Zhang Shouhua , Tao Qiang
Published: August 2021

Objective. To find risk markers and develop new clinical predictive models for the differential diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) with varying degrees of disease. Methods. 19766 children with HFMD and 64 clinical indexes were included in this study. The patients included in this study were divided into the mild patients’ group (mild) with 12292 cases, severe patients’ group (severe) with 6508 cases, and severe patients with respiratory failure group (severe-RF) with 966 cases. Single-factor analysis was carried out on 64 indexes collected from patients when they were admitted to the hospital, and the indexes with statistical differences were selected as the prediction factors. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct the prediction models and calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results. SP, DP, NEUT#, NEUT%, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, GGT, CK/CK-MB, and Glu were risk markers in mild/severe, mild/severe-RF, and severe/severe-RF. Glu was a diagnostic marker for mild/severe-RF (

AUROC
=
0.80

, 95% CI: 0.78-0.82); the predictive model constructed by temperature, SP, MOMO%, EO%, RDW-SD, GLB, CRP, Glu, BUN, and Cl could be used for the differential diagnosis of mild/severe (

AUROC
>
0.84

); the predictive model constructed by SP, age, NEUT#, PCT, TBIL, GGT, Mb, β2MG, Glu, and Ca could be used for the differential diagnosis of severe/severe-RF (

AUROC
>
0.76

). Conclusion. By analyzing clinical indicators, we have found the risk markers of HFMD and established suitable predictive models.
Vascular Ageing Features Caused by Selective DNA Damage in Smooth Muscle Cell
Authors: Ataei Ataabadi Ehsan , Golshiri Keivan , van der Linden Janette , de Boer Martine , Duncker Dirk J. , Jüttner Annika , de Vries René , Van Veghel Richard , van der Pluijm Ingrid , Dutheil Sophie , Chalgeri Suman , Zhang Lei , Lin Amy , Davis Robert E. , Snyder Gretchen L. , Danser A. H. Jan , Roks Anton J. M.
Published: August 2021

Persistently unrepaired DNA damage has been identified as a causative factor for vascular ageing. We have previously shown that a defect in the function or expression of the DNA repair endonuclease ERCC1 (excision repair cross complement 1) in mice leads to accelerated, nonatherosclerotic ageing of the vascular system from as early as 8 weeks after birth. Removal of ERCC1 from endothelial alone partly explains this ageing, as shown in endothelial‐specific Ercc1 knockout mice. In this study, we determined vascular ageing due to DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells, as achieved by smooth muscle‐selective genetic removal of ERCC1 DNA repair in mice (SMC‐KO: SM22αCre+ Ercc1fl/‐). Vascular ageing features in SMC‐KO and their wild‐type littermates (WT: SM22αCre+ Ercc1fl/+) were examined at the age of 14 weeks and 25 weeks. Both SMC‐KO and WT mice were normotensive. Compared to WT, SMC‐KO showed a reduced heart rate, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. SMC‐KO showed progressive features of nonatherosclerotic vascular ageing as they aged from 14 to 25 weeks. Decreased subcutaneous microvascular dilatation and increased carotid artery stiffness were observed. Vasodilator responses measured in aortic rings in organ baths showed decreased endothelium‐dependent and endothelium‐independent responses, mostly due to decreased NO‐cGMP signaling. NADPH oxidase 2 and phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition improved dilations. SMC‐KO mice showed elevated levels of various cytokines that indicate a balance shift in pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, SMC‐KO mice showed a progressive vascular ageing phenotype in resistant and conduit arteries that is associated with cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction. The changes induced by DNA damage might be limited to VSMC but eventually affect EC‐mediated responses. The fact that NADPH oxidase 2 as wells as phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition restores vasodilation suggests that both decreased NO bioavailability and cGMP degradation play a role in local vascular smooth muscle cell ageing induced by DNA damage.
[Retracted] Feature Extraction of Ancient Chinese Characters Based on Deep Convolution Neural Network and Big Data Analysis
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liu Xingjun
Published: August 2021

In recent years, deep learning has made good progress and has been applied to face recognition, video monitoring, image processing, and other fields. In this big data background, deep convolution neural network has also received more and more attention. In order to extract the ancient Chinese characters effectively, the paper will discuss the structure model, pool process, and network training of deep convolution neural network and compare the algorithm with the traditional machine learning algorithm. The results show that the accuracy and recall rate of the Chinese characters in the plaque of Ming Dynasty can reach the peak, 81.38% and 81.31%, respectively. When the number of training samples increases to 50, the recognition rate of MFA is 99.72%, which is much higher than other algorithms. This shows that the algorithm based on deep convolution neural network and big data analysis has excellent performance and can effectively identify the Chinese characters under different dynasties, different sample sizes, and different interference factors, which can provide a powerful reference for the extraction of ancient Chinese characters.
Physical Activity during the Retirement Transition of Men and Women: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study
Authors: Socci Marco , Santini Sara , Dury Sarah , Perek-Białas Jolanta , D’Amen Barbara , Principi Andrea
Published: August 2021

The retirement transition is a major life change affecting people’s lifestyles and behaviors, including those in relation to physical activity (PA), which is a key component of active ageing. Previous research analyzing the effect of retirement on PA levels has shown mixed results, and few studies investigated this issue in a gender perspective, thus, highlighting a need of knowledge in this respect. Aims of this study focused on the experience of PA during the retirement transition were to understand typologies of PA and possible changes in these typologies, to identify behavioural types relative to PA practice and levels, and to distinguish the main drivers and barriers for practicing PA associated with the different behavioural types. A further goal of the study was to investigate the abovementioned aims considering differences between women and men. Analyses were carried out within a three‐year qualitative longitudinal study (2014‐2016), which explored the individual experience of PA during the transition from work to retirement of 24 women and 16 men in Italy, with interviews carried out one year before and one and two years after retirement. Results show that preferred PA for both women and men was walking, along the transition to retirement. Over time, several participants replaced physically demanding activities with lighter ones. Six behavioural types were identified, describing individuals who incremented, started, or maintained the same level of PA, people who decreased PA levels or stopped it, and individuals who had a fluctuant behavior towards PA, or who had never practiced it. In general, poor health represented the main barrier to PA. For men, the main driver to PA was its effects on body shape, while for women, socialization/networking. In order to stimulate a more effective promotion of PA during the retirement transition, policy implications were discussed in light of the results obtained.
Decreased Serum NCAM Levels Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lu Wei , Li Junshan , Liu Lei , Zhao Xiumin
Published: August 2021

Objective. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a glycoprotein widely distributed in the brain, has recently been shown to regulate neuroplasticity. However, the role of NCAM in vascular dementia (VaD) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NCAM is involved in the course of VaD. Methods. Continuous recruitment of VaD patients and control population to join this study. Doctors or nurses are responsible for collecting their clinical characteristics including age, gender, formal education, heart rate, supine systolic blood pressure, supine diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. Each participant received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale after being enrolled in the group. At the same time, their peripheral blood was collected, and their serum NCAM levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. 98 VaD patients and 83 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. There was no significant statistical difference between the VaD group and the control group in terms of the comparison of clinical characteristics (

p
>
0.05

). The MoCA score of VaD patients was significantly lower than that of the controls (

27.9
±
1.4

vs.

23.0
±
2.1

points,

p
<
0.001

). In addition, the circulating NCAM level of VaD patients was also significantly lower than that of controls (

21.7
±
3.8

vs.

17.6
±
4.2

 ng/mL,

p
<
0.001

). The circulating NCAM level of VaD patients was significantly positively correlated with MoCA score (

r
=
0.285

,

p
=
0.026

). After adjusting for clinical characteristics, circulating NCAM levels are still an independent pathogenic factor of VaD (regression

coefficient
=
0.223

,

p
=
0.034

). Conclusions. VaD patients have low circulating NCAM levels, which can be used as a potential predictor of VaD.
[Retracted] Performance Evaluation of Enterprise Supply Chain Management Based on the Discrete Hopfield Neural Network
Authors: Bu Miaoling
Published: August 2021

In order to make up for the shortcomings of current performance evaluation methods, this paper proposes a new method of enterprise performance evaluation, discusses the construction principle of the evaluation index, and proposes a method of enterprise supply chain overall performance evaluation based on the discrete Hopfield neural network (DHNN) algorithm. Enterprise supply chain (SC) is an important way for enterprises to conduct business with other strategic partners in the market, and the improvement of SC performance is an important way to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, so it is of great value to study the performance evaluation and index design of the enterprise SC. This method calculates the level value of the overall performance of the SC. This level value is a value between 0 and 1. The higher the value, the higher the overall performance level of the SC. Therefore, when evaluating the overall performance of the SC, appropriate index weights must be selected according to the characteristics of the industry, which helps to objectively evaluate the overall performance of the SC.
Effect of Acute Limb Ischemia on the Mortality of Patients with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Established by Femoral Vein-Arterial Catheterization and Analysis of Related Risk Factors
Authors: Li Xiang , Chen Guang , Zhang Sheng , Zheng Xinting , Zhao Wenjun , Hong Dun
Published: August 2021

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a common treatment for cardiopulmonary failure. Although it can effectively reduce the mortality of patients with cardiopulmonary failure, it still has a high mortality rate, such as acute limb ischemia (ALI), stroke, liver and kidney failure, and other related complications and related causes of death. This study aims to explore the impact of ALI on the mortality of VA-ECMO patients in hospital and 6 months after discharge and analyze the occurrence of ALI and related factors that affect the mortality of VA-ECMO in hospital and 6 months after discharge. The results showed that the smoking history was an independent risk factor for ALI, and age, diabetes, cardiac arrest, first time of ECMO, and hyperbilirubinemia were associated risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Cardiac arrest and ALI were associated risk factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge. Although ALI is not significantly associated with VA-ECMO in-hospital mortality, it is a risk factor for mortality at 6 months after discharge, and medical personnel should therefore strive to reduce and avoid ALI.
Exact Values of Zagreb Indices for Generalized T-Sum Networks with Lexicographic Product
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Akram Sana , Javaid Muhammad , Peng Zhi-Ba
Published: August 2021

The use of numerical numbers to represent molecular networks plays a crucial role in the study of physicochemical and structural properties of the chemical compounds. For some integer

k

and a network

G

, the networks

S

k

G

and

R

k

G

are its derived networks called as generalized subdivided and generalized semitotal point networks, where

S

k

and

R

k

are generalized subdivision and generalized semitotal point operations, respectively. Moreover, for two connected networks,

G

1

and

G

2

,

G

1

G

2

S

k

and

G

1

G

2

R

k

are

T

-sum networks which are obtained by the lexicographic product of

T

G

1

and

G

2

, respectively, where

T
ε

S

k

,

R

k

. In this paper, for the integral value

k
≥
1

, we find exact values of the first and second Zagreb indices for generalized

T

-sum networks. Furthermore, the obtained findings are general extensions of some known results for only

k
=
1

. At the end, a comparison among the different generalized

T

-sum networks with respect to first and second Zagreb indices is also included.
Impact of PCSK9 Immunization on Glycemic Indices in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Abdollahi Elham , Banach Maciej , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim. The impact of Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition on glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus remains far from clear. We explored the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on glycemic indices in the diabetes rat model. Methods. To prepare the anti-PCSK9 vaccine, a peptide construct called Immunogenic Fused PCSK9-Tetanus (IFPT) was linked to the surface of nanoliposome carriers. Healthy rats received four subcutaneous injections of the vaccine at biweekly intervals. Two weeks after the last vaccination, anti-PCSK9 antibody titers, PCSK9 targeting, and inhibition of PCSK9–low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) interaction were evaluated. After verification of antibody generation, the immunized rats were intraperitoneally treated with a single dose (45 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as the insulin tolerance test (ITT) were carried out to assess glycemic status. At the end of the study, the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were assayed. Histopathology examination of the liver and pancreas was also performed using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. Results. The prepared nanoliposomal vaccine could strongly induce anti-PCSK9 antibodies in the vaccinated rats. Within one week following the STZ injection, the FBG level was lower in the vaccinated group vs. diabetic control group (49% (

−
171.7
±
35
 
mg
/
dL

,

p
<
0.001

)). In the OGTT, the injected rats showed improved glucose tolerance as reflected by the reduction of blood glucose levels over 180 min, compared with the diabetic controls. Moreover, the ITT demonstrated that, after the insulin injection, blood glucose concentration declined by 49.3% in the vaccinated group vs. diabetic control group. Expectedly, the vaccinated rats exhibited lower (-26.65%,

p
=
0.03

) plasma LDL-C levels compared with the diabetic controls. Histopathology examination of pancreas tissue demonstrated that the pancreatic islets of the vaccinated rats had a slight decline in the population of β-cells and few α-cells. Normal liver histology was also observed in the vaccinated rats. Conclusion. PCSK9 inhibition through the liposomal IFPT vaccine can improve the glucose and insulin tolerance impairments as well as the lipid profile in diabetes.
[Retracted] Clustering of Brain Tumor Based on Analysis of MRI Images Using Robust Principal Component Analysis (ROBPCA) Algorithm
Authors: Hamzenejad Ali , Ghoushchi Saeid Jafarzadeh , Baradaran Vahid
Published: August 2021

Automated detection of brain tumor location is essential for both medical and analytical uses. In this paper, we clustered brain MRI images to detect tumor location. To obtain perfect results, we presented an unsupervised robust PCA algorithm to clustered images. The proposed method clusters brain MR image pixels to four leverages. The algorithm is implemented for five brain diseases such as glioma, Huntington, meningioma, Pick, and Alzheimer’s. We used ten images of each disease to validate the optimal identification rate. According to the results obtained, 2% of the data in the bad leverage part of the image were determined, which acceptably discerned the tumor. Results show that this method has the potential to detect tumor location for brain disease with high sensitivity. Moreover, results show that the method for the Glioma images has approximately better results than others. However, according to the ROC curve for all selected diseases, the present method can find lesion location.
Nephrotic Syndrome as a Cause of Transient Clinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Benido Silva Vânia , Pereira Maria Teresa , Moreira Carla Leal , Santos Monteiro Sílvia , Inácio Isabel , Cardoso Maria Helena
Published: August 2021

Nephrotic syndrome may trigger the onset of hypothyroidism, promoting massive urinary protein losses including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) along with their binding proteins. At an early stage, a clinical and biochemical euthyroid state is expected. However, in patients with prolonged and severe proteinuria, especially with concomitant low thyroid reserve, urinary losses of free and protein-bound thyroid hormones are sufficiently pronounced to induce a subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Despite its high prevalence in clinical practice, the literature lacks case reports of newly diagnosed clinical hypothyroidism due to NS in adults, making this condition under-recognized. We report a case of a 23-year-old man with previous normal thyroid function who developed overt hypothyroidism due to a severe nephrotic syndrome, requiring supplementation with levothyroxine (LT). After the patient had undergone bilateral nephrectomy, treatment with LT was discontinued and thyroid function normalized.
Effect of Anti-Infective Reconstituted Bone Xenograft Combined with External Fixator on Serum CRP and PCT Levels and Prognosis of Patients with Bone Infection after Lower Extremity Long Bone Trauma
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Yang , Qiu Xiaofeng , Fei Hao , Liu Wei , Yuan Kun
Published: August 2021

Bone infection is one of the common complications of orthopedic surgery. After bone trauma occurs in the human body, the infection of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria into the fracture area can lead to double infection of the soft tissue and bone tissue at the fracture site, leading to a variety of complications, mostly in the lower extremities. Bone infection easily causes bone destruction, bone nonunion, and bone defect, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. The traditional treatment method of bone infection is to control the infection first and then repair the bone graft, but this method has a long course, poor efficacy, and high disability rate. In this study, anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft (ARBX) combined with external fixation was used to treat patients with posttraumatic bone infections of the long bones of the lower extremities, to explore its efficacy, and to analyze its effects on serum CRP, PCT levels, and prognosis. Our results showed that ARBX combined with the external fixator had a good effect on the treatment of patients with bone infection after lower extremity long bone trauma, which could effectively enhance the repair and functional recovery of the limb bone, significantly alleviate the infection degree of patients, reduce the inflammatory response of the body, and have a good prognosis.
A Novel Travel Group Recommendation Model Based on User Trust and Social Influence
Authors: Xu Zhiyun , Zheng Xiaoyao , Zhang Haiyan , Luo Yonglong
Published: August 2021

The interactions between group members often have a significant impact on the results of group recommendations. The traditional group recommendation algorithm does not consider the trust and social influence among users. It involves a low utilization rate of social relationship information, which leads to a low accuracy and satisfaction of group recommendations. Considering these issues, in this study, we propose a travel group recommendation model based on user trust and social influence. Based on the user trust relationship, this model defines the user direct and indirect trust and calculates the user global trust by combining the two trusts. Subsequently, the PageRank algorithm is used to calculate the social influence of users based on their interaction relationship history. Thereafter, a consensus model integrating the intra- and intergroup prediction scores is designed by integrating users’ global trust and social influence to realize group recommendations for tourist attractions. Comparison experiments with several well-known group recommendation models for datasets of different scenic spots in Beijing demonstrate that the proposed model provides a better recommendation performance.
Solving the Multiobjective Fractional Transportation Problem through the Neutrosophic Goal Programming Approach
Authors: Veeramani C. , Edalatpanah S. A. , Sharanya S.
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, the transportation problem is a multiobjective decision-making problem. It involves deciding to determine the ideal transportation setup that matches the decision maker’s preferences while taking into account competing objectives/criteria such as transportation cost, transportation time, and environmental and social concerns. This study presents a general framework of the multiobjective fractional transportation problem (MOFTP) to deal with such complex scenarios. This paper’s major goal is to propose a solution methodology to solve the MOFTP based on a neutrosophic goal programming (NGP) approach. By obtaining the optimal compromise solution using three memberships, namely, truth membership, indeterminacy membership, and falsity membership, the suggested technique gives a novel insight into solving the MOFTP. A real-world problem such as selling wind turbine blades’ problem and a numerical example are used to demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed method.
Diffusion Kurtosis-Based Brain Image Segmentation for the Structural Remodeling of White Matter in Patients with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Kang Yongkun , Sun Chuang , Yang Chao , Chen Honghai
Published: August 2021

The aim was to explore the application value of brain image segmentation algorithm based on diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the structural remodeling of white matter (WM) in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). 120 patients with leukoencephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were selected as the research objects. Their heads were scanned by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DKI sequence. Besides, DKI based on the image segmentation algorithm was applied to process DKI images, DKE software was employed to obtain the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean kurtosis (MK), and the differences in FA and MK were compared between acute and chronic phases. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could realize the best values of Jaccard similarity (JS) and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) in WM, gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the segmentation accuracy was better than other algorithms. FA values at the acute and chronic phases were compared in the area around lesions (0.421 ± 0.065 vs. 0.454 ± 0.052), the posterior limb of internal capsule on the affected side (0.498 ± 0.027 vs. 0.504 ± 0.046), and the pedunculus cerebri on the affected side (0.558 ± 0.038 vs. 0.568 ± 0.042), and the differences were statistically substantial (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, MK values at the acute and chronic phases were also compared in the area around lesions (1.362 ± 0.098 vs. 1.407 ± 0.077), the centrum semiovale on the affected side (1.305 ± 0.102 vs. 1.343 ± 0.076), the posterior limb of internal capsule on the affected side (1.338 ± 0.543 vs. 1.382 ± 0.076), and the pedunculus cerebri on the affected side (1.329 ± 0.089 vs. 1.398 ± 0.099), showing a statistical meaning (

P
<
0.05

). The results indicated that the changes of FA and MK were related to the structural remodeling of WM. The DKI image segmentation algorithm could be applied in the diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and DKI technology was of great significance for the research of structural remodeling of WM.
Study on Evolution Characteristics of Regenerated Roof Structure in Downward Mining of Bifurcated Coal Seam
Authors: Hu Ru , Wu Jiwen , Shi WenBao , Zhai Xiaorong , Huang Kai
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the structural evolution characteristics of the regenerated roof of the lower coal seam have become a research hotspot when the bifurcation coal seam is mined downward. In this paper, taking the bifurcation coal seam of Xutuan Coal Mine in China as an example, the structural evolution characteristics of regenerated roof under the influence of mining in bifurcation coal seam are comprehensively studied by theoretical analysis, field measurement, and indoor similar simulation experiment. The stress transfer law in the floor after mining in the upper coal seam is also analyzed. The results show the overburden structure and stress field change caused by upper coal seam mining. The caving and fracture zones are formed in the roof, the average height of the caving zone is 8.28 m, and the one of the fracture zone is 34.91 m. The results of the field test verify the accuracy of theoretical analysis and similar simulation test results. According to the relative size of the depth of the strong failure zone of the coal seam floor and the coal seam spacing, the rock mass structure of the regenerated roof of lower coal seam is divided into three types: fractured rock mass + scattered rock mass (I), fractured rock mass + scattered rock mass + fractured rock mass (II), and fractured rock mass + bulk rock mass + fractured rock mass + layered rock mass (III), and the stability of the three types of regenerated roof structure is evaluated: III > II > I. The research in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for determining the target area of broken roof control under the mining conditions of bifurcation coal seam and provide guidance for the selection of the location and parameters of the grouting borehole for roof reinforcement.
Exploring Factors Contributing to Crash Injury Severity in the Rural-Urban Fringe of the Central City
Authors: Wu Biao , Wang Xingyu , Liu Tuo , Dong Naibao , Li Yun
Published: August 2021

To analyze the risk factors influencing the crash injury severity in rural-urban fringes, crash data in rural-urban fringes were collected from Harbin, China. Four risk factors, namely, time of day, vehicle type, road feature, and crash type, were investigated associated with the severity of rural-urban fringe crashes. The crash injury severity was divided into two categories, including fatal and nonfatal crash. The logistic regression was applied to explore the relationships between the severity outcomes and time of day, vehicle type, road feature, and crash type. The test methods of goodness-of-fit and badness-of-fit are conducted to examine the validity of estimation results. The results show considerable matching of the number of different crash types between calculated results and actual data. Compared with the other influencing factors, the time of day is significant factor for crash injury severity based on the study. As such, the proposed calibration procedure and the factors of choice are recommended as a validated approach to analyze and identify the main factors influencing crash injury severity in rural-urban fringes.
Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig
Authors: Dey Dipta , Quispe Cristina , Hossain Rajib , Jain Divya , Ahmed Khan Rasel , Janmeda Pracheta , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Ansar Rasul Suleria Hafiz , Martorell Miquel , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Kumar Manoj , Taheri Yasaman , Petkoska Anka Trajkovska , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: August 2021

The mangrove plants are the potential sources of foods and remedies for people living in the forests and nearby communities. Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig is traditionally used to treat various diseases including diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, fever, malaria, and viral infections, among others. To summarize critically the taxonomy, ethnomedicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of X. granatum, information was collected from different databases. An up-to-date search (till June 2020) was carried out with the help of various scientific web resources from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and various patent offices (e.g., WIPO, CIPO, and USPTO) using the keywords “Xylocarpus granatum” and then paired with ethnomedicinal use and phytochemical, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies). Findings revealed that seeds, fruits, stem bark, leaf, and twigs of X. granatum exhibited a wide range of key phytochemicals including limonoids, phragmalin, limonoid-based alkaloids, mexicanolides, protolimonoids, flavonols, and lactones. The plant possessed potent antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antifeedant, and neuroprotective activities. No clinical studies have been reported in the databases. Ethnomedicinal assessment indicated the application of X. granatum in various fields of medical science specially to treat various human ailments, and this was attributed to the presence of enormous alkaloids as confirmed by pharmacological studies. However, to understand the mechanism of action in-depth studies are required. In view of these findings, more research is necessary to explore and characterize the chemical compounds and toxicological aspects of this medicinal mangrove plant. Overall, it can be stated that X. granatum may be one of the hopeful medicinal herbs for the treatment of various diseases in human beings.
[Retracted] SLAM of Mobile Robot for Wireless Communication Based on Improved Particle Filter
Authors: Zhu Daixian , Wang Mingbo , Su Mengyao , Liu Shulin , Guo Ping
Published: August 2021

The mobile robot is moved by receiving instructions through wireless communication, and the particle filter is used to simultaneous localization and mapping. Aiming at the problem of the degradation of particle filter weights and loss of particle diversity, which leads to the decrease of filter accuracy, this paper uses the plant cell swarm algorithm to optimize the particle filter. First of all, combining the characteristics of plant cells that affect the growth rate of cells when the auxin content changes due to light stimulation realizes the optimization of the particles after importance sampling, so that they are concentrated in the high‐likelihood area, and the problem of particle weight degradation is solved. Secondly, in the process of optimizing particle distribution, the auxin content of each particle is different, which makes the optimization effect on each particle different, so it effectively solves the problem of particle diversity loss. Finally, a simulation experiment is carried out. During the experiment, the robot moves by receiving control commands through wireless communication. The experimental results show that the algorithm effectively solves the problem of particle weight degradation and particle diversity loss and improves the filtering accuracy. The improved algorithm is verified in the simultaneous localization and mapping of the robot, which effectively improves the robot’s performance at the same time positioning accuracy. Compared with the classic algorithm, the robot positioning accuracy is increased by 49.2%. Moreover, the operational stability of the algorithm has also been improved after the improvement.
Maximizing the Influence of the Innovative Products Diffusion considering Advertisement and Promotion Strategies
Authors: Huo Liang’an , Xu Jianbo , He Jianjia , Lin Tingting
Published: August 2021

With the acceleration of product updates and the intensification of product competition, product market strategies become the primary consideration for the enterprises, and the advertisement and promotion strategies are considered the two important strategies implemented by enterprises. This paper considers the enterprises of similar products and substitute, their formation of a competition between traditional products and innovative products, and establishes a mixed node-level information diffusion model to describe the dynamic product diffusion process with complex network theories. We implement advertising strategies for potential buyers who have not obtained product information and implement promotional strategies for those who have obtained product information. In accordance with Pontryagin maximization principle, we seek the best strategy to maximize the impact of innovative products and use numerical calculations to simulate the diffusion state of products. We found that the advertisement strategies play a decisive role in the marketing of innovative products. If product promotion strategies are added, the spread of innovative products will be more effective and more influential.
PRUDA: A Novel Measurement Attribute Set towards Robust Steganography in Social Networks
Authors: Zhu Liyan , Wang Jinwei , Luo Xiangyang , Zhang Yi , Yang Chunfang , Liu Fenlin
Published: August 2021

Cloud services have become an increasingly popular solution to provide different services to clients. More and more data are outsourced to the cloud for storage and computing. With this comes concern about the security of outsourced data. In recent years, homomorphic encryption, blockchain, steganography, and other technologies have been applied to the security and forensics of outsourced data. While encryption technologies such as homomorphic encryption and blockchain scramble data so that they cannot be understood, steganography hides the data so that they cannot be observed. Traditional steganography assumes that the environment is lossless. Robust steganography is grounded in traditional steganography and is proposed based on a real lossy social network environment. Thus, researchers, who study robust steganography, believe that the measurement should follow traditional steganography. However, the application scenario of robust steganography breaks through the traditional default lossless environment premise. It brings about changes in the focus of steganography algorithms. Simultaneously, the existing steganography methods miss the evaluation of applicability and ease of use. In this paper, “default parameters” are observed by comparing the process of robust image steganography with traditional image steganography. The idea of “perfecting default parameters” is proposed. Based on this, the attribute set of measuring robust image steganography is presented. We call it PRUDA (Payload, Robustness, ease of Use, antiDetection, and Applicability). PRUDA perfects default parameters observed in the process of traditional steganography algorithms. Statistics on image processing attacks in mobile social apps and analyses on existing algorithms have verified that PRUDA is reasonable and can better measure a robust steganography method in practical application scenarios.
An Efficient Model for Train‐Track‐Bridge‐Coupled System under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Jiang Lizhong , Zhou Tuo , Liu Xiang , Xiang Ping , Zhang Yuntai
Published: August 2021

When an earthquake occurs, due to the high operation speed of the train group, there is still a long distance from braking to stopping, so it needs a large number of bridge spans to calculate the integrated dynamic response, which leads to a large amount of calculation of the train‐track‐bridge (TTB) system under a seismic event. In order to reduce the amount of calculation, this paper proposed an efficient model called closed‐loop model for simply supported railway bridge. The proposed model is realized by coupling the head and end of the rail‐slab‐bridge system through the utilization of pseudo‐element. Simulation comparison of TTB response with and without seismic excitation between conventional TTB model and efficient model indicates that, under the premise of ensuring calculation accuracy, the efficient model shows the advantage of fewer degrees of freedom (DOF) of model and higher computational efficiency. For instance, under El Centro earthquake excitation, the time cost of proposed model is only 6% of conventional model. Meanwhile, six seismic events with different acceleration amplitudes are imposed on the efficient model, and the results of car‐body acceleration, wheel‐rail force, and wheel load reduction ratio are gathered and discussed; it can be concluded that, except Trinidad earthquake, for other earthquake samples investigated in this paper, with acceleration amplitude larger than 0.8 g, the train operation is at the risk of derailment.
Surgery and Medical Treatment in Microprolactinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lu Jianglong , Cai Lin , Wu Zerui , Lin Weiwei , Xu Jiadong , Zhu Zhangzhang , Wang Chengde , Li Qun , Su Zhipeng
Published: August 2021

Objective. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are recommended as the first-line treatment for prolactinomas; however, tumour recurrence after drug withdrawal remains a clinical problem. Recent studies have reported high remission rates via surgery in microprolactinomas. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the clinical result of DA treatment with surgery as initial therapy in patients with treatment-naive microprolactinoma. Methods. A comprehensive literature search for studies and reports regarding microprolactinoma patients treated with DAs and/or surgery published between January 1970 and November 2020 was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library). Clinical treatment outcome was evaluated by the biochemical remission of serum prolactin level to normal after treatment. The I2 statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity. Pooled data were analysed according to a random effect model. Results. Eighteen studies with 661 patients were included for analysis. The DA treatment group achieved a higher remission rate at ≥12 months follow-up (96% vs. 86%;

P
=
0.019

). Surgery showed a higher remission rate than the DA treatment group after the treatment withdrawal (78% vs. 44%;

P
=
0.003

). Patients with preoperative prolactin level of ≤200 ng/mL had a higher remission rate than patients with preoperative prolactin level of >200 ng/mL (92% vs. 40%;

P
=
0.029

). Conclusion. Surgery showed a high remission rate in treatment-naive microprolactinoma patients after treatment withdrawal and may be an alternative first-line treatment strategy in addition to DAs, particularly in patients with a preoperative prolactin level of ≤200 ng/mL.
Determination of Moving Speed of School Age Children
Authors: Simeunović Milan , Tanackov Ilija , Pitka Pavle , Simeunović Milja , Papić Zoran
Published: August 2021

School age children (pedestrians) can move at different speeds, which are conditioned by certain parameters. Not all parameters have the same effect on the pedestrian speed. According to the literature, gender and age are the most researched parameters that have an impact on the speed of pedestrians. However, a small number of authors have dealt with the influence of movement regimes (slow, normal, fast, run, and rush) on pedestrian speed, while at the same time taking into account age and gender. For that reason, this article measured the speed of movement of school age children by movement regimes, taking into account age and gender. Within the same movement regime, the influence of age, sex, height, and weight on the speed of movement was investigated. Experimental measurements of the speed of movement of pedestrians aged 7 to 20 years were performed. Based on the results of measurements and statistical analyzes, recommendations on the average speed of movement regimes, age, and gender are given.
Remodeling of Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue under the Conditions of Obesity as well as Lipolysis
Authors: Tong Xiaohui , Wei Lu , Wang Tongsheng , Han Rongchun
Published: August 2021

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are a major source of low‐grade inflammation in obesity, and yet reasons driving ATM accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggested that ATM underwent extensive remodeling in obesity. In addition to abundance, ATM in obesity were lipid‐laden and metabolically reprogrammed, which in turn was tightly related to their functional alterations and persistence in obesity. Herein, we aimed to discuss that activation of lipid sensing signaling associated with metabolic reprogramming in ATM was indispensible for their migration, retention, or proliferation in obesity. Likewise, lipolysis also induced similar but transient ATM remodeling. Therefore, we assumed that obesity might share overlapping mechanisms with lipolysis in remodeling ATM. Formation of crown‐like structures (CLS) in WAT was presumably a common event initiating ATM remodeling, with a spectrum of lipid metabolites released from adipocytes being potential signaling molecules. Moreover, adipose interlerkin‐6 (IL‐6) exhibited homologous alterations by obesity and lipolysis. Thus, we postulated a positive feedback loop between ATM and adipocytes via IL‐6 signaling backing ATM persistence by comparison of ATM remodeling under obesity and lipolysis. An elucidation of ATM persistence could help to provide novel therapeutic targets for obesity‐associated inflammation.
Camel Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Isolation of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Gomole District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Geresu Minda Asfaw , Abera Leliso Shubisa , Liben Galma Wako
Published: August 2021

As of other dairy animals, dromedary camel could be affected by mastitis, a complex disease occurring worldwide among dairy animals, with heavy economic losses largely due to clinical and subclinical mastitis. Yet, little is known about the occurrence and potential risk factors exposing to lactating camel mastitis in Ethiopia. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019 so as to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and major bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in traditionally managed lactating camels in Gomole district of Borena Zone. Consequently, 348 lactating camels were examined for clinical and subclinical mastitis, using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The overall prevalence of mastitis was 22.4% (78/348), including clinical 4.3% (15/348) and subclinical 18.1% (63/348) cases, respectively, whereas the quarter level prevalence of mastitis was 16.6% (232/1,392). Of the total 1,392 examined teats, the right hind (RHQ) (4.3%, 60/1392) and left hind quarters (LHQ) (4.3%, 60/1392) were the most frequently infected quarter, whereas the left front quarter (LFQ) (3.9%, 55/1392) was the least infected quarter. Age, body condition score, and lactation stages were significantly associated (

p
<
0.05

) with lactating camel mastitis prevalence among the putative risk factors. Among 312 quarters milk samples subjected to bacteriological examination, 69.9% (218/312) yielded mastitis causing pathogens, both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial isolates, while no growth was observed in 30.1% (94/312) of quarters sampled. Of the bacterial isolates obtained by culturing, Streptococcus spp. excluding Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (26.1%; 57/218) and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (22.9%, 50/218) were the dominant isolates identified, whereas S. agalactiae (3.2%, 7/218) was the least isolates obtained. The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was found to be considerably high. Hence, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study setting for the prevention and control of mastitis so as to improve quality of camel milk, minimize economic loss, and prevent significant public health risks.