bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescribing of different antibiotics, rates of sepsis-related mortality and bacteremia in the US and England, and the utility of antibiotic replacement vs. reduction in prescribing: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Goldstein Edward
Published: July 2019

Background

Antibiotic use contributes to the rates of bacteremia, sepsis and associated mortality, particularly through lack of clearance of resistant infections following antibiotic treatment. At the same time, there is limited information on the effects of prescribing of some antibiotics vs. others on the rates of outcomes related to severe bacterial infections.

Methods

We looked at associations between the proportions (state-specific in the US; Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG)-specific in England) of different antibiotic types/classes among all prescribed antibiotics in the outpatient setting (oral antibiotics in the US), and rates of outcomes (mortality with sepsis, ICD-10 codes A40-41 present as either underlying or contributing causes of death on a death certificate in different age groups of US adults; E. coli as well as MSSA bacteremia in England) per unit of antibiotic prescribing (defined as the rate of outcome divided by the rate of outpatient prescribing of all antibiotics).

Results

In the US, prescribing of penicillins was associated with rates of mortality with sepsis for persons aged 75-84y and 85+y between 2014-2015. In England, prescribing of penicillins other than amoxicillin/co-amoxiclav was associated with rates of both MSSA and E. coli bacteremia for the period between financial years 2014/15 through 2017/18. Additionally, multivariable analysis for the US data has also shown an association between the percent of individuals aged 50-64y lacking health insurance, as well as the percent of individuals aged 65-84y who are African-American and rates of mortality with sepsis in the corresponding age groups.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that prescribing of penicillins is associated with rates of E. coli and MSSA bacteremia in England, and rates of mortality with sepsis in older US adults. Those results, as well as the related epidemiological data suggest that replacement of certain antibiotics, particularly penicillins in the treatment of certain syndromes should be considered for reducing the rates of outcomes related to severe bacterial infections.
Vancomycin loading dose is associated with increased early clinical responses without attainment of initial target trough concentration at a steady state in patients with normal renal function
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Takesue Yoshio , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Ichiki Kaoru , Ishikawa Kaori , Takai Yoshiko , Yamada Kumiko , Wada Yasunao , Tsuchida Toshie , Otani Naruhito , Takahashi Yoshiko , Ishihara Mika , Shibata Sumiyo , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Uchino Motoi , Kimura Takeshi
Published: July 2019

Background

Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines suggest a loading dose of 25–30 mg/kg for seriously ill patients. However, high-quality data to guide the use of loading dose are lacking. Evaluate whether a loading dose 1) achieves a target trough concentration (Cmin) at steady state and 2) improves early clinical responses.

Methods

Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included. A loading dose of 25 mg/kg vancomycin followed by 15 mg/kg twice daily was compared with traditional dosing. A Cmin sample was obtained before the fifth dose. An early clinical response 48–72 h after the start of therapy and clinical success at end of therapy (EOT) was evaluated in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci, or Enterococcus faecium.

Results

There was no significant difference in Cmin between the regimen with and without a loading dose (median: 10.4 µg/mL and 10.2 µg/mL, P=0.538). Proportions of patients achieving 10–20 µg/mL and 15–20 µg/mL were 56.9% and 5.6%, respectively, in patients with a loading dose. Although there was no significant difference in success rate at EOT between groups, loading dose was associated with increased early clinical responses for all infections [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 4.829, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.441–16.188] and MRSA infections (OR: 10.851, 95% CI: 1.701–69.233). Increased adverse events were not observed with the loading dose. Study limitations included no Cmin measurements within 24 hours, and the inclusion of less critically ill patients.

Conclusions

Although the loading dose did not achieve optimal Cmin at steady state, a higher early clinical response was obtained compared with traditional dosing.
The impact of IGF1R SNPs on susceptibility to age-related cataract
Authors: Cui Yilei , Yu Xiaoning , Zhang Xin , Tang Yelei , Tang Xiajing , Yang Hao , Ping Xiyuan , Wu Jing , Yin Qinchuan , Zhou Jiayue , Xu Xiayan , Shentu Xingchao
Published: July 2019

Background: The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene is essential for lens development, but the impact of IGF1R on age-related cataract(ARC) has not been investigated. This study explored the association between IGF1R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and ARC susceptibility ,and uncover the underlying mechanism in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells.
Methods:A total of 1190 unrelated participants ,comprising 690 ARC patients and 550 healthy individuals in Han Chinese population were recruited and genotyped for target SNP. The X2-test was used to detect genotypic distribution between the patient and control groups and the logistic regression was performed to adjust the age and gender. Meanwhile, in the IGF1R knockdown HLE cells, cell proliferation was detected via CCK-8 analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry,while the expression of cycle- and apoptosis-related molecules were determined via Q-PCR and Western blot. The Caspase-3 activity was measured using its assay kit.
Results: The rs1546713 in IGF1R gene was identified（P =0.046，OR：1.606，CI：1.245,2.071）,which shown a significant relevance with ARC risk under the dominant model. The results demonstrated that IGF1R knockdown inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at S phase and promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, the cell cycle blocked at S phase was linked with the alterations of cyclinA , cyclinB, cyclinE and P21,while the pro-apoptosis function was related to stimulate the activation of Caspase-3 activities and the alteration of Caspase-3,Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels.
Conclusions: This study first reported that IGF1R polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to ARCs in Han Chinese population and provided new clues to understanding the pathogenic mechanism of ARCs. Notably, IGF1R is likely a potential target for ARC prevention and treatment.
Possible beneficial association between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system blockade usage and graft prognosis in allograft IgA nephropathy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park Sehoon , Baek Chung Hee , Go Heounjeong , Kim Young Hoon , Min Sang-il , Ha Jongwon , Kim Yong Chul , Lee Jung Pyo , Kim Yon Su , Moon Kyung Chul , Park Su-Kil , Lee Hajeong
Published: July 2019

Background

Although immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is associated with a high risk of renal allograft failure, evidences for its treatment, including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade (RAASB) usage, remain limited.

Methods

In this bi-center retrospective cohort study, we included patients who were recently diagnosed with IgAN through allograft biopsies. We identified their 6-month antihypertensive medication prescriptions and investigated the association between the medication types, albuminuria changes, and consequent 5-year death-censored-graft-failure (DCGF). The mixed effect model and cox regression analysis were used.

Results

A total of 464 allograft IgAN patients were included: 272, 38, 33, and 121 patients in the no antihypertensive medication, single agent RAASB, single agent beta blocker (BB)/calcium channel blocker (CCB), and combination therapy groups, respectively. High-degree albuminuria after 6 months of allograft IgAN diagnosis was an important prognostic parameter and a partial mediator for the association between the subgroups and 5-year DCGF. The usage of single RAASB was associated with decrement of albuminuria from allograft diagnosis (P for interaction = 0.03). The single BB/CCB group demonstrated significantly worse prognosis than the single RAASB group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.76 [1.09-6.98]; P=0.03).

Conclusions

In conclusion, RAASB may be beneficial for graft prognosis in early allograft IgAN patients who require single antihypertensive medication therapy, by means of reducing albuminuria. Further investigation of treatment strategy in allograft IgAN is warranted.
Impact of secondary roads on wildlife of coastal center region Portugal and differences between before and post fire.
Authors: Cruz Tiago Miguel Regateiro , Lima Joana , Azeiteiro Ulisses
Published: July 2019

• Context: Anthropogenic activities affect ecosystems creating stress regimes and new disturbances. Among these anthropogenic activities, we highlight roads that are main cause of habitat segmentation. On the other hand, as roads were built to accommodate traffic in rural areas, rate of vehicle-wildlife collisions has significantly expanded, thereby causing a direct decrease in population size.
• Objectives: This study was conducted in Portugal (country's western central coast) and assessed impact of secondary roads on wildlife, as well as the influence that a catastrophic event, like a great fire, has on this wildlife.
• Methods: Practical work was carried out during 15 months (from October 2016 to December 2017), two consecutive days per week, first day being used for "road cleaning", that is, collection of all animals found on road, followed of their identification, and second day for morning and afternoon collection and identification of dead animals found on same tracks.
• Results: In Agricultural Zone, vertebrate deaths on the road covered 17 species. Birds were the most affected , followed by amphibians, mammals and reptiles. The most fragile species were Passer domesticus and Salamandra salamandra. Two hotspots were recognized, one on each road. In Forestral Zone, vertebrate deaths on road included 26 species. Mammals were most vulnerable in this area followed by birds, amphibians and reptiles. Bufo bufo and Salamandra salamandra were the most vulnerable species.
• Conclusions: On the contrary, differences between roads composition were clear: there were only deaths on asphalted roads. Differences between before and after fire are evident. Mitigation measures were suggested.
Longitudinal Study on Functional and Cognitive Outcomes in Patients with Postoperative Delirium after Femoral Fracture
Authors: Balzer-Geldsetzer Monika , Buecking Benjamin , Ruchholtz Steffen , Kis Bernhard , Dodel Richard , Hessmann Philipp
Published: July 2019

Background

Proximal femoral fractures are frequent injuries of elderly people and are often associated with declines in physical function and high rates of morbidity and mortality. A severe and frequent complication after hip surgery is postoperative delirium (POD), potentially associated with poorer clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that elderly patients with POD after hip fracture showed significantly worse clinical outcomes within one year after the fracture, compared to patients not suffering from POD. Additionally, relevant predictors of POD were evaluated.

Methods

Patients with proximal femoral fractures aged ≥ 60 years were included in a prospective, single-center observational study in Germany and followed up for 12 months. POD was evaluated by daily application of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) during the acute hospital stay. A variety of standardized instruments were used to evaluate patients’ functional and cognitive capacity, mobility, quality of life (HrQoL), depression, pain, etc., at baseline, discharge, and follow-up. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine socio-demographic and clinical predictors of POD.

Results

Among 402 included patients (mean age: 81.3 ± 8.2 years), 184 (45.8%) developed POD (mean duration: 6.5 ± 4.4 days). At baseline, POD patients were significantly older, more often institutionalized, cognitively and physically more impaired, reported lower HrQoL, and had significantly more complications during the hospital stay. Multiple logistic regression analyses explained 22% of the variance, while prolonged intensive care unit stays, level of pain after surgery, and diminished pre-operative physical and cognitive state were significant predictors of POD. In-hospital mortality and overall mortality after 12 months were significantly higher in POD patients. Twelve months after the fracture, POD was significantly associated with diminished mobility, HrQoL, cognitive and functional capacity, and higher risk of falls.

Conclusions

Pain management is an important and controllable variable during hospital stay and should be a specific focus of the postoperative period, especially in functionally and cognitively impaired patients. Since patients with POD showed significantly worse clinical outcomes at discharge and 12 months post-fracture, prevention and effective treatment of POD should be of high priority in elderly patients with hip fractures.
“Being in good hands”: Next of kin’s perceptions of continuity of care in patients with heart failure
Authors: Östman Malin , Bäck-Pettersson Siv , Sandvik Ann-Helén , Sundler Annelie J
Published: July 2019

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with a variety of diverse symptoms. Patients with HF are usually elderly with multimorbidity, which are both multifaceted and challenging. Being a next of kin to patients with HF is described as a complex task consisting of managing care and treatment, monitoring illness and being an emotional support, while also being able to navigate the healthcare system especially in long-term contact. However, few studies have investigated next of kin's perceptions of continuity of care in connection with HF. The present study aimed to describe continuity of care as perceived by the next of kin who care for patients with HF.
Methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the next of kin (n=15) of patients with HF to obtain their perceptions of continuity of care. A phenomenographic analysis method was used to capture the participants' perceptions of the phenomenon.
Results
The analysis reveals that the next of kin perceive that support from healthcare professionals was strongly associated with experiences of continuity of care. Four categories reveal the next of kin's perceptions of continuity of care: Want to be involved without being in charge; A desire to be in control without acting as the driving force in the care situation; A need for sustainability without being overlooked; and Focusing on making life meaningful while being preoccupied with caregiving activities.
Conclusions
Next of kin perceive continuity of care to entail well-functioning, long-term and reliable contact with healthcare providers that support them in reducing unnecessary medical and nursing hindrances. They have a variety of needs for continuity and support in connection with their caregiving activities so they can continue to live a meaningful life under the prevailing circumstances. In order to strengthen the next of kin's contact with healthcare providers, it is important to consider the need for continuity of care in relation to patients with HF.
Keywords
Continuity of care, Heart failure, Next of kin, Phenomenography, Qualitative research
Comparison of Oxycodone and Sufentanil for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after hip surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jingyi , Zhu Haibei , Liao Ren
Published: July 2019

Background

Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after hip surgery should be focused on the balance of sufficient analgesia and the risk of associated adverse reactions. Sufentanil has high analgesic efficacy as a common used drug for PCA while with obvious side effects. Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic opioid which has been reported to have good analgesic effect and lower incidence of adverse reactions related to long-acting opioid. We hypothesize that in hip surgery, compared with sufentanil PCA, the equipotency dose of oxycodone PCA could achieve the same postoperative analgesic efficacy and may also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with long-acting opioids.

Methods/Design

This trial is a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of oxycodone and sufentanil for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia in patients undergoing hip surgery. A total of 570 subjects undergoing hip surgery will be randomly allocated to either sufentanil PCA group or oxycodone PCA group. The primary outcome is the resting numerical rating scales (NRS) pain scores at 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72h after surgery. The secondary outcomes include postoperative NRS pain scores on movement, in-hospital complications, range of motion of hip joints, mobilization time, length of hospital stay, total in-hospital cost, and readmission rate by 30 days after discharge from the hospital.

Discussion

This trial is designed to compare the safety and efficacy of oxycodone and sufentanil PCA in patients undergoing hip surgery, in order to find an optimal postoperative analgesic regime with fewer adverse reactions and promoting patients’ rehabilitation. The results will provide evidence for anesthetic choice in clinical practice.
A new type of canned meat-based food for infants
Authors: Georgieva O. V. , Kon' I. Ya. , Pyryeva E. A. , Makarkin D. V. , Nefedov S. S.
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the role of meat and meat products in the diet of younger children. It contains the data on the chemical composition of raw meat, traditionally used in the children’s diet. The authors outline modern sanitary and hygienic requirements to meat products for children of early age. They present new types of pate canned meat and canned poultry meat, their ingredients and chemical composition. There are recommendations on their use by children over eighteen months of life.
Gender problems in newborns: social, medical and legal aspects
Authors: Komkova G. N. , Basova A. V.
Published: June 2019

Objective of the study. To analyze the modern literature on the legal regulation of the determination of the sex of newborns with disturbances of sexual development in Russia and abroad, as well as the right of these children for self-determination of their sex upon coming of age. Material and methods. The review is based on the domestic and foreign literature published overthe past 7 years, including in Pubmed. Results. There were revealed the modern problems of the legal regulation of determining the sex of newborns with developmental disorders in the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The right to the sex self-determination of  the children born with impaired sexual development upon coming of  age requires careful analysis by medical experts, as from a legal point of view it contributes to a more complete implementation of the constitutional principle of equality regardless of gender and ensures human rights in accordance with their perception and attitude.
Case of early diagnosis of hereditary thrombophilia in a 16 days child
Authors: Podsvirova E. V. , Balakireva E. A. , Romanova T. A. , Churnosov M. I. , Rudykh N. A. , Golovchenko O. V. , Yudina N. B.
Published: June 2019

The article describes a clinical case of early diagnosis of hereditary thrombophilia in a child in the neonatal period, based on clinical, laboratory and genetic examination. Clinical suspicion to hereditary hemostatic disorders, careful analysis of hereditary and family history allowed to identify and confirm with the help of PCR polymorphism of genes associated with hemostatic system in a child of two weeks of age. Early diagnosis allows to make an individual plan of observation and dynamic examination to prevent increased thrombosis and possible vascular catastrophe in the child, to prevent metabolic and hemostatic disorders in both the mother and her relatives, and in the probable future siblings of the patient, and in the long term and in his descendants.
Causes of overdiagnosis of epilepsy in children
Authors: Belousova E. D.
Published: June 2019

Misdiagnosis of epilepsy is a common phenomenon (up to 20% of the total population of patients with epilepsy and up to 30–40% in the population of pharmacoresistant epilepsy) and dangerous, leads to significant social restrictions and is accompanied by significant unjustified medical expenses. The objective reasons for misdiagnosis include a large number (about 40) of conditions that are similar and often indistinguishable in their clinical manifestations from epileptic seizures, descriptive character and lack of obligatory diagnostic criteries (especially electroencephalographic), limiting medical access to the necessary research methods. The subjective errors include insufficiently collecting anamnesis, exaggerating the possibility of developing a more rare disease (in this case epilepsy), a false impression of the doctor that if epilepsy is not diagnosed, then it will have the most terrible consequences. The situation of misdiagnosis is aggravated by the fact that neurophysiologists are more likely to overestimate the EEG in the direction of epileptic and epileptiform (interictal) phenomena. Subjective errors are eliminated by learning and self-learning. Even the most experienced epileptologists can make mistakes with the diagnosis, and in a certain sense mistakes are inevitable. We can’t always wait for the final diagnosis and often have to start treatment without being 100% sure of the diagnosis of epilepsy. Therefore, it is necessary to practice the periodic revision of the diagnosis of epilepsy, especially in cases where the disease is difficult to treat.
TECHNIQUE FOR RESECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM WITH ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF RENAL ARTERIES AND PELVIC DYSTOPIA OF THE LEFT KIDNEY
Authors: Zotikov A. E. , Ilyin S. S. , Kulbak V. A. , Maryan D. I. , Gogiya B. Sh.
Published: June 2019

This article describes the clinical observation of a patient with an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm and pelvic dystopia of the left kidney. Due to the anomalous origin of renal arteries, we have chosen a method of treatment consisted of resection and an aortic prosthetics and reimplantation of vessels extending from the aortic aneurysm. 5 years after surgery, the patient had an aneurysm of the left iliac artery, which required repeated intervention. Our approach allowed us to preserve all the renal arteries and renal function.
A STRATEGY FOR MANAGING A PATIENT WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION TO REDUCE THE RISK OF THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Kudryavtseva L. I. , Filippov E. V.
Published: June 2019

Over the past 20 years, the burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased. AF is associated with increased risk of death, ischemic stroke and disability, hospitalization rates, and reduced quality of life. Treatment for this pathology is based on the correction of risk factors, underlying disease and anticoagulant therapy. The review considers strategies to minimize the risk of complications during oral anticoagulant therapy.
POSSIBILITIES OF INHIBITING ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITIES THAT INHIBIT XA-FACTOR
Authors: Erlich A. D.
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the possibility of suppressing the effect of drugs inhibiting the activity of the Xa-Factor of the clotting blood system. Wide indications for oral anticoagulants are atrial fibrillation, venous thrombosis, thromboembolism, etc. - more and more patients are involved in this treatment, and the use of nonvitamin-K-associated (NOAC) anticoagulants is increasing. Although these drugs have a relatively good safety profile, their use may also lead to “large”, including life-threatening, bleeding. Current approaches to the treatment of such bleeding include, in addition to a wide range of non-specific hemostatic measures, the use of drugs that can selectively suppress the effects of NOAC. A specific antagonist, the andexanet-alfa, has been developed relatively recently for anticoagulants that suppress the activity of the coagulation Xa-factor (such as Apixaban and Rivaroxaban). This drug represents a molecule of catalytically inactive modified human recombinant Xa-factor, obtained from human Xa-factor by genetically engineered modification. Being inactive with respect to coagulation, the drug molecule has the ability to bind the molecules of Xa-factor inhibitors with a high degree of strength, neutralizing their action.In the recently completed ANNEXA-4 clinical trial, 352 patients (average age 77 years) were injected with Rivaroxaban (36%), Apixaban (55%), Edoxaban (3%) or Enoxaparin (6%), with life-threatening bleeding (intracranial - 64%, gastrointestinal - 26%). The study showed that the anti-Ha activity of NOAC decreased by more than 90% in the first minutes after the introduction of andexanet and remained reduced 12 hours after its infusion. In 82% of patients in the ANNEXA-4 study, the hemostatic effect of the andexanet was assessed as excellent or good, and it did not differ significantly depending on the sex, age of the patients, the dose of the andexanet and the place of bleeding. No significant procoagulant or immunogenic effect of the andexanet was found. Thus, in the case of life-threatening bleeding with Xa-factor inhibitory anticoagulants, the use of their specific andexanet-alfa antagonist is recommended by clinical guidelines and should be an integral part of the hemostatic therapy and may potentially extend the safety spectrum of these anticoagulants.
What Rules and Laws does Socrates Obey?
Authors: Levystone David Xavier
Published: July 2019

Socrates´ thought of justice and obedience to laws is motivated by a will to avoid the destructive effects of Sophistic criticisms and theories of laws. He thus requires–against theories of natural law–an almost absolute obedience to the law, as far as this law respects the legal system of the city. But, against legal positivism, Socrates would not admit that a law is just simply because it is a law: he is looking for the true Just. However, as often in Socratic philosophy, Socrates cannot accept that two equally justified and legitimate rights or moral values conflict.
La emergencia de la vida y el lugar del cuerpo en la teoría política tardomedieval
Authors: Ferreiro Jazmín
Published: July 2019

Los estudios historiográficos han dado sobrada cuenta del antecedente naturalista de la teoría política medieval, resultado de la incorporación de tesis aristotélicas con la recepción de la Política. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es hacer una hermenéutica de ese naturalismo tomando como hilo conductor al cuerpo como aspecto de la constitución humana que impone ciertas necesidades y del que emergen ciertos impulsos que determinan su condición social y política. En particular, analizaremos en los tratados De regno ad regem Cypri de Tomás de Aquino y Defensor pacis de Marsilio de Padua cómo la emergencia de la vida y la noción de cuerpo cobra protagonismo por ser la sede de una serie operaciones determinantes para la vida.
Conservatio sui: inclinación de la naturaleza hacia sí. Una teoría finalista en la lectura de Cicerón y de Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Corso de Estrada Laura
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo tiene por objeto considerar, en primer lugar, los rasgos propios de la concepción ciceroniana de la “conservatio sui”, en el contexto de la filosofía práctica ciceroniana, distinguiendo los componentes de tradición estoica de la postura que Cicerón expone como propia. El artículo se centra en la exposición ciceroniana de De finibus III y IV, y en pasajes de otras obras que permiten componer los vínculos que Cicerón establece entre natura, ratio y lex. En segundo lugar, el artículo se propone una compulsa de la elaboración ciceroniana de la “conservatio sui” con pasajes del corpus de Tomás de Aquino, en especial con el Tractatus de legibus de Summa Theologiae.
¿Existe una ética médica en Georges Canguilhem?
Authors: Estrada Mesa Diego Alejandro , Espinal Correa Claudia Elena
Published: July 2019

A pesar de esfuerzos recientes, son pocas las investigaciones que han explorado el tema de la ética médica en la obra del filósofo médico francés Georges Canguilhem. Esto obedece, fundamentalmente, a la posición crítica que este autor asumió frente a las modas humanistas propias de la medicina que comenzaron a proliferar después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Con todo, sostenemos que las reflexiones del filósofo médico francés realizan aportes al tema de la ética médica en tanto que rescatan la particularidad de los enfermos (cuestión hoy altamente valorada por la Medicina Centrada en la Persona) frente a la racionalidad “objetivadora” de la medicina moderna. También planteamos que Canguilhem pondera una comprensión de la vida humana “interactiva” que sobrepasa una visión reduccionista de la vida y que permite el desarrollo de un sujeto ético capaz de producir nuevas normas. En el transcurso de este artículo sostenemos que dichos planteamientos son fundamentales para el desarrollo de una ética médica que busca fortalecerse más allá de sus apuestas deontológicas.
El juramento y los dos foros: los aportes histórico-filosóficos de Paolo Prodi en relación con el rol de la religión en las democracias occidentales
Authors: Botero Bernal Andrés , Aguirre Javier
Published: July 2019

En el texto se expone, a partir de la metodología documental, elementos cruciales de la teoría historiográfica de Paolo Prodi que permiten incluirlo como una voz importante en el debate sobre el rol de la religión y la moral en las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas. El texto se divide en tres momentos. Primero, describimos brevemente el debate mencionado. Segundo, presentamos los elementos teóricos que encontramos en la obra de Prodi más relevantes para el problema en cuestión. En la última parte se ofrece una serie de reflexiones críticas que invitan a continuar la discusión.
Indonesian Traditional Ulama Notions Against Wahhabism: A Study of Abi al-Faḍal al-Senoriy’s Thought
Authors: Asif Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Studies of the early 19th century on the classical literatures of traditional Indonesian Muslim scholars in response to Wahhabi developments have forgotten the important work of Kawākib al-Lammā‘ah written by Abi al-Faḍal al-Senoriy. This book emerged in the midst of a situation of massive expansion of Wahhabi teachings and of intense debate among modernist and traditional Muslim groups in Indonesia. This book also represents Nahdlatul Ulama’s response towards Wahhabi teachings because the 23rd Nahdlatul Ulama Conference in Solo in 1964 was recommended to be a referred book in pesantrens and other educational institutions of the Nahdlatul Ulama. Through descriptive-qualitative analysis, this article examines the thought of Abi al-Faḍal al-Senoriy in the particular book. This article finds that Abi al-Faḍal has carried out a critical study on Wahhabi teachings, which according to him opposes Sunni teachings for the Wahhabi teachings contradict some important foundation in the Ahl al-Sunnah Islamic tradition in terms of theology, fiqh, and Sufism.
Quranic Forensic on Begging: Formulating Policies and Action Plans to Handle Street Beggars
Authors: Hanafi Yusuf , Ikhsan M. Alifudin , Diyana Tsania Nur , Nurushofa Zuroidah Zeni
Published: July 2019

Begging behavior is a serious issue and happens on a wide scale, especially in urban areas. In Islamic normative point of view, the Quran has a distinctive perspective towards beggars. In Sura al-Mā‘ūn [107]: 3, Allah swt. encourages Moslem people to pay attention to poor beggars. In contrast, in other verses, al-Jāthiyah [45]: 7, al-Quran criticizes people who are lying for the sake of other’s mercy with a mode and guise of a falsehood. In fact, the begging behavior nowadays is not only caused by the economic problem, but beggars even make it as a preferable profession. The biggest problem in handling the beggar issues is the difficulty to differentiate between the genuine and the professional beggar. If we examine thoroughly using an analysis of the Quran verses, there is a distinctive characteristic of those beggars. These at least can be identified through the micro-expression, sound pressure, and eye tracking. The analysis of the human’s track and physical fact through al-Quran here is what the authors intend as Quran forensic. Based on the distinguishing indicators from the analysis of the Quran forensic, this article found a new model for solving beggar problems with a multidisciplinary approach.
Perinatal Outcome of Fetal Echogenic Bowel: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sal Hidayet , Comert Erhan Huseyin , Ekici Yasin Semih , Aran Turhan
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate perinatal outcome of fetal echogenic bowel.Study Design: In this retrospective cohort study, fetuses with echogenic bowel diagnosed and followed in our center between 2013-2017 were included. Fetuses and infants were evaluated in terms of antenatal comorbidities and postnatal persistent diseases. Infants were followed-up to June 2018 from time of diagnosis. Demographic questionnaire and face to face interview were used to obtain data including immune system diseases and respiratory system pathologies in infants. Results: A total of 100 fetuses with echogenic bowel were included in the study. Fetal aneuploidy was detected in 7 (7%) cases. Trisomy 21 was the most common aneuploidy and identified in 4 (4%) cases. Other chromosomal disorders were tetrasomy 12p (1%), 69XXX (1%) and 46 XX, t (2,22) (9q9) (1%). A fetal echogenic bowel was associated with major congenital malformations in 25 (%25) cases. Cardiac abnormality was the most prevalent (%7). First and second trimester vaginal bleeding history was found in 5 pregnant women. In 3 case with isolated echogenic bowel (no congenital malformation and aneuploidy), lactose intolerance, celiac disease, and non-obstructive hydrocephalus were diagnosed in early childhood. Conclusion: Isolated fetal echogenic bowel which can be considered as a soft marker for aneuploidy may be associated with lactose intolerance and celiac disease. Further clinical studies are warranted to evaluate this relationship.
INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON SUPRANATIONAL LEVEL: TYPOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF REALIZATION
Authors: Kristinevich Sergey А.
Published: June 2019

In conditions of global competition intensification and use of power tools to pursue economic policy it becomes necessary to substantiate possible strategies of inter-entity interaction on supranational level. Based on the hypothesis of uneven distribution of violence potential among economic entities the author described a model of power re-distribution, which shows in deliberate manipulation of rules and/or mechanisms of compulsion to their observance. The article develops the author’s concept of institutional interventions. They are considered as strategies of inter-entity interaction in global economy. Institutional intervention is a behavior model based on compulsion through fixing (changing) rules. The author identifies methodological foundations, prerequisites and theoretical frames of investigating institutional interventions as a form of involuntary exchange. The author was the first to describe the situation of forced balance characterized by the fact that further use of power potential can cause a drop in legitimacy and growth in control costs for invader, while resistance of the intervention object to established institutional order can cause a rise in disobedience costs. Apart from that the article grounded a thesis that for the forced balance it is not typical to distribute the gain of interaction like with voluntary exchange, it is typical to come to an agreement concerning the level of victim’s tolerance (maximum costs, which the victim is ready to endure) and a threshold (minimum possible) value of invader legitimacy. As landmarks for assessing the deviations from balance levels of stability and legitimacy of institutional design were proposed. A generalized mechanism for institutional intervention realization was developed.
Implementasi program desa vokasi berbasis pelatihan kewirausahan tata boga
Authors: Ikhsan Norma Laili
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi program pelatihan kewirausahaan tata boga di Desa Vokasi Grujugan, Penilaian hasil, faktor pendukung dan penghambat kegiatan usaha, dan dampak program. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah pengelola, tutor, peserta didik di Desa Vokasi Grujugan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan sebagai berikut. (1) Implementasi pelatihan kewirausahaan tata boga Desa Vokasi Grujugan terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, dan tindak lanjut. (2) Penilaian hasil pelatihan menunjukan terjadi perubahan sikap peserta didik dalam menjalankan kegiatan usaha mandiri. (3) Faktor mendukung meliputi motivasi; perencanaan yang baik; pendampingan usaha yang baik; dan kemampuan mengenal peluang, kesempatan. Faktor penghambat meliputi kurangnya pengalaman, kemampuan manajerial dan SDM; kurangnya modal, kemampuan mengatur aliran kas dan kemampuan dalam kemampuan menghadapi resiko. (4) Dampak pelaksanaan program, meliputi: peningkatan ketrampilan (SDM), kemampuan berwirausaha, peningkatan status sosial, peningkatan aspek sosial ekonomi. The Implementation of the Vocational Village Program Based on Culinary Entrepreneurship Training AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine The implementation of entrepreneurship training program in the village of vocational culinary Grujugan, the rating results, the factors supporting and hindering business activity, and the impact of the program. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Subjects were managers, tutors, learners in vocational Grujugan village. The data collection is done by using the method of observation, interviews, documentation. Mechanical analysis of data through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Results of the study revealed the following. (1) The Implementation of entrepreneurship training vocational culinary Grujugan village consists of four phases: preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and follow-up. (2)The ratings training results indicate a change in attitudes of learners in running an independent business. (3) The factors include motivational support; good planning; Good business assistance; and the ability to recognize an opportunity, a chance. Inhibiting factors include a lack of experience, managerial ability and resources; lack of capital, the ability to manage cash flow and ability to ability to face risks. (4) The impact of the implementation of the program, including: increasing the skills (human resources), entrepreneurship skills, increase social status, improvement of socio-economic aspects.Keywords:
RETRACTED: Implementasi pendidikan karakter pada anak usia dini di Kelompok Bermain Rabbani
Authors: Mayasarokh Mira
Published: July 2019

Following a rigorous and careful concerns and consideration in the review of the article published in JPPM (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) entitled “Implementasi pendidikan karakter pada anak usia dini di Kelompok Bermain Rabbani” Vol 6, No 1, pp. 88-89, March 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jppm.v6i1.14936This paper has been found to violate the principles of JPPM (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) Publication and has been retracted.The article has contained redundant material and throughout a careful examination, the editor has found that the paper has also been published in Jurnal Pelita PAUD, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 167-186, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33222/pelitapaud.v3i2.547 The document and its content have been removed from JPPM (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat), and reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to this article.
Analisis kebutuhan pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga miskin melalui usaha kerajinan tangan khas Gorontalo “Mohalamu Tiohu”
Authors: Otaya Lian Gafar , Tjabolo Siti Asiah , Husain Rahmin Talib
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga miskin melalui usaha kerajinan tangan khas Gorontalo yang dikenal dengan “Mohalamu Tiohu” atau anyaman mendong sebagai upaya pendampingan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR) melalui observasi dan Focused Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil temuan diperoleh permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah pengetahuan tentang desain produk dan pemasaran masih sangat terbatas, usahanya masih bersifat industri rumah, padahal mereka tergolong terampil dalam membuat berbagai jenis kerajinan tangan dalam jumlah banyak, tidak memiliki modal usaha, penghasilannya tidak sebanding dengan waktu dan tenaganya, padahal sifat bahan baku mudah didapatkan dan mampu mengikuti trend dengan teknik dasar menganyam yang hanya dapat dilakukan secara manual. Untuk pengembangannya diperlukan adanya pembinaan secara berkala dan pemberian modal usaha secara merata kepada semua kelompok pengrajin ibu rumah tangga miskin, mempatenkan hasil karya dan menggalakkan kecintaan masyarakat terhadap kerajinan tersebut. The need analysis of poor housewives empowerment in the development of Gorontalo special handicraft business “Mohalamu Tiohu” AbstractThis study aims to analyze the needs of poor housewives through the development of Gorontalo’s special handicraft product design which is well known as “Mohalamu Tiohu” or mendong (Fimbrystlis Globulosa) plait as the guidance effort. The method used in this research was Participatory Action Research (PAR) through the observation and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). Based on the finding of this research, the problems faced by craftsman were the limited knowledge about product design and marketing, the problem that the business still in home business scale, there was no enough venture capital, the income was not comparable with the time and effort that they used. This fact was very ironic where the raw material was very easy to be found and also it was able to follow the current trend by using plait basic technique which could only be done manually. For the business development, it was urgently needed the continual guidance and the giving of venture capital evenly to the all craftsman group of poor housewives. Besides that, it was important to the craftsman to have patent and improved public love to their craft product.
The empowerment strategy for prostitutes through competency-based culinary skills training at Semarang Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Hartadi Sri , Fakhruddin Fakhruddin , Utsman Utsman
Published: July 2019

Prostitution is a phenomenon that has existed for a long time in the world, not least in Indonesia. Someone does prostitution most of the problem lies in economic factors and the low skills they have. The government does not remain silent due to this phenomenon, the government has also prepared a variety of skills training programs held in various rehabilitation institution, one of which is in the rehabilitation center of the Semarang city agriculture with empowerment programs through competency-based culinary skills training. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the planning, implementation, and results achieved in empowering prostitutes through competency-based culinary skills training. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Check the validity of the data using source triangulation and methods. The results of this study is planning of prostitutes empowerment programs through training in cookery skills includes: identification of needs, formulating learning objectives, determining curriculum to be used, choosing learning resources, and sources of funding. The implementation includes three main steps, namely opening activities, core activities, and closing. The results achieved are that the residents learned how to make steamed sponge, potato donuts, stuffed dumplings, banana chocolate roll omelet.
Performance of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Surveillance in Yemen: Interview Study
Authors: Abdulmughni Jihan , Mahyoub Esam Mohammed , Alaghbari Abdulaziz Thabit , Al Serouri Abdulwahed Abdelgabar , Khader Yousef
Published: July 2019

Background

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge to ending TB occurrence by 2035. In Yemen, the 2011 survey showed an MDR-TB prevalence of 1.4% among new cases and 14.4% among previously treated cases. The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP) established four MDR-TB sentinel surveillance sites in 2013 to monitor the MDR-TB situation. In Yemen, the 2011 survey showed an MDR-TB prevalence of 1.4% among new cases and 14.4% among previously treated cases. The NTCP established four MDR-TB sentinel surveillance sites in 2013 to monitor the MDR-TB situation.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the performance of MDR-TB surveillance and determine its strengths and weaknesses.

Methods

We used the updated Center for Diseases Control and Prevention guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Interviews were conducted with NTCP managers and Regional MDR-TB centers’ staff using a semistructured questionnaire. We used a 5-point Likert scale to assess the usefulness and other attributes (eg, simplicity and flexibility). The mean percentage was calculated for each attribute and used for the final rank of the performance: poor (<60%), average (60%-80%), and good (>80%).

Results

The MDR-TB surveillance system achieved good performance in usefulness (87%), acceptability (82%), and data quality (91%); average performance in flexibility (61%) and simplicity (72%); and poor performance in stability (55%). The overall performance score was average (74%). Although strong commitment, good monitoring, and well-trained staff are the main strengths, depending on an external fund is a major weakness along with unavailability of the MDR-TB unit at the governorate level.

Conclusions

Although the MDR-TB surveillance system has achieved an average overall performance, more efforts are required to improve its stability by ensuring constant power supply to enable laboratories to perform necessary diagnostic and follow-up tests. Gradual replacement of donors’ funds by the government is recommended. Scaling up of MDR-TB services and removing access barriers are crucial.