bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interferon regulatory factor modulation underlies the bystander suppression of malaria antigen‐driven IL‐12 and IFN‐γ in filaria‐malaria co‐infection
Authors: Metenou Simon , Kovacs Michael , Dembele Benoit , Coulibaly Yaya I. , Klion Amy D. , Nutman Thomas B.
Published: December 2011

In areas where polyparasitism is highly prevalent, the impact of multiple parasites on the host response is underestimated. In particular, the presence of helminth infection coincident with malaria profoundly alters the production of malaria‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐12p70, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, cytokines/chemokines known to be critical in mediating malaria‐specific immunity. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the suppression of malaria‐specific cytokines/chemokines, we assessed the expression of malaria‐specific IL‐12Rβ1, IL‐12Rβ2 and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 in blood obtained from 18 filaria‐infected (Fil+) and 17 filaria‐uninfected (Fil−) individuals in a filaria‐malaria co‐endemic region of Mali. We found that Fil+ individuals had significantly lower RNA expression of IRF‐1 but not IL‐12Rβ1 or IL‐12Rβ2 in response to malaria antigen stimulation. We also measured the frequency of IL‐12‐producing DCs from these subjects and found that Fil+ subjects had lower frequencies of IL‐12+ mDCs after malaria antigen stimulation than did the Fil− subjects. Modeling these data in vitro, we found that mDCs pre‐exposed to live microfilariae not only produced significantly lower levels of CXCL‐9, CXCL‐10, IL‐12p35, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p19 and CXCL‐11 following stimulation with malaria antigen but also markedly downregulated the expression of IRF‐1, IRF‐2 and IRF‐3 compared with microfilaria‐unexposed mDCs. siRNA‐inhibition of irf‐1 in mDCs downregulated the production of IL‐12p70 through repression of IL‐12p35. Our data demonstrate that the modulation of IRFs seen in filarial (and presumably other tissue‐invasive helminths) infection underlies the suppression of malaria‐specific cytokines/chemokines that play a crucial role in immunity to malaria.
CD24 on thymic APCs regulates negative selection of myelin antigen‐specific T lymphocytes
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Liu Jin‐Qing , Shi Yun , Reid Hugh H. , Boyd Richard L. , Khattabi Mazin , El‐Omrani Hani Y. , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang , Bai Xue‐Feng
Published: December 2011

Negative selection plays a key role in the clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. However, negative selection is incomplete; as high numbers of autoreactive T cells can be detected in normal individuals, mechanisms that regulate negative selection must exist. In this regard, we previously reported that CD24, a GPI‐anchored glycoprotein, is required for thymic generation of autoreactive T lymphocytes. The CD24‐deficient 2D2 TCR transgenic mice (2D2+CD24−/−), whose TCR recognizes myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), fail to generate functional 2D2 T cells. However, it was unclear if CD24 regulated negative selection, and if so, what cellular mechanisms were involved. Here, we show that elimination of MOG or Aire gene expression in 2D2+CD24−/− mice — through the creation of 2D2+CD24−/−MOG−/− or 2D2+CD24/∼Aire−/−mice — completely restores thymic cellularity and function of 2D2 T cells. Restoration of CD24 expression on DCs, but not on thymocytes also partially restores 2D2 T‐cell generation in 2D2+CD24−/− mice. Taken together, we propose that CD24 expression on thymic antigen‐presenting cells (mTECs, DCs) down‐regulates autoantigen‐mediated clonal deletion of autoreactive thymocytes.
Energetic Salts of Symmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (SDMH)
Authors: Sabaté Carles Miró , Delalu Henri
Published: December 2011

N,N′‐Dimethylhydrazine and several of its salts with energetic anions were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, DSC, mass spectrometry, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, and 15N) spectroscopy, and vibrational (Raman, IR) spectroscopy. According to the DSC measurements, the compounds exhibit good thermal stabilities, and the nitrate (2) and dicyanamide (4) salts belong to the ionic‐liquid type (i.e., Tm < 100 °C). Additionally, the solid‐state crystal structure of the nitrate [2: triclinic, P$\bar {1}$, a = 5.360(2) Å, b = 5.806(2) Å, c = 6.866(2) Å, α = 113.73(2)°, β = 92.44(2)°, γ = 90.08(2)°, V = 195.4(1) Å3], perchlorate [3: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 11.774(2) Å, b = 11.072(3) Å, c = 14.050(3) Å, V = 1831.6(7) Å3], sulfate [5: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 5.913(1) Å, b = 9.509(1) Å, c = 10.351(1) Å, β = 90.29(1)°, V = 582.0(1) Å3], monopicrate [6b: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 10.910(1) Å, b = 6.7436(1) Å, c = 16.442(2) Å, β = 103.40(1)°, V = 1176.7(2) Å3], and dipicrate dihydrate [6·2H2O: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.230(1) Å, b = 13.024(1) Å, c = 10.642(1) Å, β = 104.43(1)°, V = 1104.7(2) Å3] salts were determined. Furthermore, a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the structure of the [MeNH2–NH2Me]2+ cation was performed. Standard tests were used to examine the sensitivity of the compounds towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge. Lastly, the heats of formation of the compounds were calculated by means of quantum chemical calculations and used to determine the detonation parameters and specific impulses of the compounds and those of mixtures with an oxidizer.
Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4‐Additions of Aryl‐Grignard Reagents to Cyclohexenone in the Presence of TADDOL‐Derived Phosphane‐Phosphite Ligands
Authors: Naeemi Qaseem , Dindaroğlu Mehmet , Kranz Darius P. , Velder Janna , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: December 2011

Asymmetric conjugate additions (1,4‐additions) of aryl‐Grignard reagents to cyclohex‐2‐enone, currently a more or less unsolved challenge, were investigated. For this purpose, a small library of phenol‐derived chiral phosphane‐phosphite ligands containing TADDOL‐ or BINOL‐based phosphite moieties was evaluated. These ligands are easily prepared by a short modular scheme previously developed in this laboratory. Two particularly powerful ligands (4a and 4b, both TADDOL‐derived and each possessing a bulky tert‐butyl substituent ortho to the phosphite group) were identified. Conditions were optimized with use of the addition of (4‐methoxyphenyl)magnesium bromide to cyclohexenone as a standard reaction system. Under optimized conditions [CuBr·SMe2 (4 mol‐%), ligand 4a (6 mol‐%), 2‐methyl‐THF, –78 °C, slow addition of Grignard reagent] the 1,4‐product was obtained with high enantioselectivity (up to 95 % ee) and good regioselectivity (r.r. = 90:10). The scope of the method was probed with different aryl‐Grignard reagents. It was found that reagents with electron‐donating substituents in meta‐ or para‐positions performed particularly well, whereas the presence of F or CF3 substituents led to decreased ee values. Only ortho‐substituted aryl‐Grignard reagents did not give rise to useful results. A series of phosphane‐phosphite ligands were also tested in the Rh‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition of phenylboronic acid to cyclohexenone, but enantioselectivities did not exceed 70 % ee in this case.
Trapping and Analysing Wheland–Meisenheimer σ Complexes, Usually Labile and Escaping Intermediates
Authors: Forlani Luciano , Boga Carla , Mazzanti Andrea , Zanna Nicola
Published: December 2011

The reactions between 2,4‐dipyrrolidin‐1‐yl‐1,3‐thiazole, a supernucleophilic reagent, and 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) or 4,6‐dinitrotetrazolopyridine (DNTP), two superelectrophilic reagents, afforded new covalent complexes that are contemporaneously intermediates of an SNAr reaction (a Meisenheimer complex) and of an SEAr reaction (a Wheland complex). These compounds belong to a new class of covalent complexes, which we have named Wheland–Meisenheimer complexes (WM). The high stability of the complexes reported herein allowed the first X‐ray diffraction analyses of WM complexes. In addition, the reactions are diastereoselective, probably because of the specific approach of the two starting partners. The WM complex obtained with DNBF unexpectedly evolved to a neutral substitution product, a furazan derivative. Probably, the protons bonded to two sp3 carbon atoms are lost together with the oxygen atom of the furoxan moiety to form water. This represents a unique example of the formation of a neutral substitution compound from a C–C WM complex. Finally, exchange of the DNBF moiety in WM8 with DNTP in a solution of CD3CN was observed; the formation of the WM9 complex provided further evidence for the reversibility of the formation of the WM complexes.
Simultaneous determination of deoxycytidine diphosphate and deoxycytidine triphosphate by capillary electrophoresis with transient isotachophoretic stacking: A sensitive monitoring method for ribonucleotide reductase activity
Authors: Huang Shi‐Wei , Tzeng Huey‐Fen
Published: December 2011

A simple and rapid capillary electrophoretic method was developed for simultaneous determination of sub‐micromolar 2′‐deoxycytidine 5′‐diphosphate (dCDP) and 2′‐deoxycytidine 5′‐triphosphate (dCTP) levels in enzyme assays without using radioactively labeled substrates. The separation was performed at 25°C using MES in the BGE as the terminating ion, the chloride ions in the sample buffer as the leading ion, and PEG 4000 in the BGE as the EOF suppressor for sample stacking by transient isotachophoresis (tITP). Several parameters affecting the separation were investigated, including the pH of the BGE, the concentration of sodium chloride in the sample buffer, and the concentrations of MES and PEG 4000 in the running buffer. Good separation with high separation efficiency was achieved within 6 min under optimal conditions. In comparison with the simple CZE method, the present tITP‐CZE method enabled a 150‐fold increase in the injection time without any decrease in resolution and the sensitivity was enhanced up to two orders of magnitude with the new method. The linear range of the method was 0.1–10 μM for dCDP and dCTP. The limits of detection of dCDP and dCTP were 85 and 73 nM, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the activity assay of ribonucleotide reductase from Hep G2 and Sf9 cells.
Understanding insomnia in older adults
Authors: López‐Torres Hidalgo Jesús , Navarro Bravo Beatriz , Párraga Martínez Ignacio , Andrés Pretel Fernando , Téllez Lapeira Juan , Boix Gras Clotilde
Published: December 2011

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the true frequency of primary insomnia (PI), sleep disorder related to another mental disorder (SDMD) and sleep disorder due to a general medical condition (SDMC) in older adults and to establish their differentiating characteristics.

Methods: This is a cross‐sectional study. Participants were randomly selected samples of 951 subjects who are 65 years or older. Main measures were as follows: presence (according to DSM‐IV‐TR diagnostic criteria) of PI, SDMD, SDMC or other sleep disorders, co‐morbidity and psychotropic consumption.

Results: Of the subjects, 36.1% reported having sleep problems (95%CI:33.0–39.2) and 37.0% reported regularly consuming a psychotropic drug. The prevalence of PI was 8.9% (95%CI: 7.1–11.0), and according to the criteria for differential diagnosis, the prevalence of SDMD was 9.3% (95%CI: 7.5–11.4) and that of SDMC was 7.0% (95%CI: 5.4–8.9). A higher percentage of PI subjects had problems in falling asleep on most days (52.5%), had frequent night‐time awakenings (66.3%) and early awakenings (51.3%). In subjects with any type of insomnia, the variables that showed a statistically significant association were female gender (OR: 2.21), consumption of psychotropic drugs (OR: 1.83), presence of four or more health problems (OR: 1.88) and being single, widowed or divorced (OR: 1.43).

Conclusions: Our results provide a true picture of the prevalence of insomnia in older adults on the basis of diagnostic criteria and indicate that it is a widespread, significant health problem. The peculiarities of PI, SDMD and SDMC need to be appropriately differentiated in clinical practice, and each needs a different approach to obtain the best outcome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical resection for clinical perineural invasion from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Panizza Benedict , Solares C. Arturo , Redmond Michael , Parmar Priya , O'Rourke Peter
Published: December 2011

Background

Perineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with decreased survival. Patients with large nerve or clinical PNI present with clinical signs and symptoms or MRI evidence of cranial nerve involvement. These patients often succumb to disease that spreads into the brainstem. In our experience, when the disease extends up to the Gasserian or Geniculate ganglion, surgical resection with negative margins provides the best chance for cure. Herein we review our experience to validate our clinical observations.

Methods

We identified patients with large nerve PNI from cutaneous SCCHN between January 1996 and 2006 from a prospectively collected database. Patients who underwent surgical resection as their primary mode of therapy were included. Clinical and demographic variables were recorded. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan‐Meier curves, and the log‐rank test was used for significance testing between groups.

Results

Twenty‐one patients were identified. The mean age was 60 (range, 38–86) years, with 15 men and 6 women. Nineteen patients had a formal skull base resection, whereas 2 patients had a subcranial resection. We had 3 complications in our series: extradural hemorrhage (n = 1), cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 1), and wound infection (n = 1). None of the patients who underwent a formal skull base resection to include the lateral cavernous sinus (ie, Gasserian ganglion) suffered ocular palsies or permanent morbidity when the orbit was preserved (n = 11). We had no surgical deaths. The average length of stay was 9 days (SD 6.3 days). The 5‐year disease specific survival rate for the entire group was 64.3%. V3 involvement resulted in lower, although not significant, 5‐year disease‐free survival rates— 0% for those patients with involvement (n = 4) versus 66.8% for no involvement of V3 (n = 17).

Conclusion

Appropriately planned surgical resection of PNI in cutaneous SCCHN up to the ganglion as dictated by the disease extent may improve survival without significant added morbidity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2011
Phonons and Phasons in Icosahedral Quasicrystals
Authors: de Boissieu Marc
Published: December 2011

The discovery of quasicrystals not only has changed our view on long‐range order, but was a breakthrough for solid state physics and chemistry, since the Bloch theorem can no longer be applied. We review some of the results obtained for icosahedral quasicrystals for lattice dynamics and phonons, as well as for phason modes, which are diffusive excitations characteristic of the quasicrystalline state.
Properties of Cd‐Based Binary Quasicrystals and Their 1/1 Approximants
Authors: Tamura Ryuji
Published: December 2011

Electronic and structural properties of Cd‐based binary quasicrystals (QCs) and their 1/1 approximants (APs) without chemical disorder are overviewed in terms of electronic states, electronic transport, and phase transitions. A pseudogap in the electronic density of states (DOS) as well as hybridization effect between sp and d states are discussed for both the QCs and their 1/1 APs in comparison with theoretical calculations. In contrast with the cases of ternary stable QCs, the resistivity of the Cd5.7Yb QC exhibits a positive temperature coefficient at low temperatures, which is regarded as an indication of an intrinsic metallic nature of the QC. A unique structural phase transition has been observed at low temperatures (LT) for a series of 1/1 Cd6M APs, which is interpreted as an orientational transition of a tetrahedron residing at the center of the Tsai‐type icosahedral cluster. In most of the cases, the LT superstructure is understood as an “antiferromagnetic” ordering of the tetrahedra along a <110> direction of the high‐temperature bcc phase. The transition is classified as a non‐diffusive order–disorder transition, which has not been observed in metallic alloys before.
Some Aspects of Stability and Nanophase Formation in Quasicrystals during Mechanical Milling
Authors: Mukhopadhyay N. K. , Yadav Thakur Prasad
Published: December 2011

Non‐equilibrium processing and other related techniques can activate quasicrystalline structures to a higher energy level and enable them to attain various stable/metastable structures. During mechanical milling of quasicrystalline alloys, the stability of the complex structures is of immense importance from a scientific and technological point of view. The evolution of nanoquasicrystalline, nanocrystalline, and amorphous phases and their composites has been observed in the course of milling. The experimental results for mechanical alloying of elemental powders (required for the synthesis of quasicrystals) and mechanical milling of quasicrystals are discussed. The salient features observed in quasicrystals during other non‐equilibrium processing are highlighted. Nanospinel formation from the Al‐based quasicrystalline precursor is mentioned.
Heat Transport in Aluminum‐Based Quasicrystals i‐AlPdMn, i‐AlCuFe, and d‐AlCoNi
Authors: Popčević Petar , Stanić Denis , Bihar Željko , Bilušić Ante , Smontara Ana
Published: December 2011

We present a semi‐quantitative model used to analyze thermal conductivity data of single‐grain aluminum‐based icosahedral i‐AlPdMn and i‐AlFeCu, and decagonal d‐AlCoNi quasicrystals in the quasiperiodic plane. The analysis is based on the validity of the Wiedemann–Franz law and applicability of the Debye model of quasilattice thermal conductivity at low temperatures, where the main phonon scattering centers are assumed to be structural defects in the form of the stacking faults and phenomenological quasiumklapp. At high temperature, electron and quasilattice contributions underestimate the data. This has motivated us to consider two possible additional heat‐carrying channels: the activation of localized lattice vibrations and modifications of the Wiedemann–Franz law.
Symmetry Breaking and Order in the Age of Quasicrystals
Authors: Lifshitz Ron
Published: December 2011

The discovery of quasicrystals has changed our view of some of the most basic notions related to the condensed state of matter. Before the age of quasicrystals, it was believed that crystals break the continuous translation and rotation symmetries of the liquid‐phase into a discrete lattice of translations, and a finite group of rotations. Quasicrystals, on the other hand, possess no such symmetries—there are no translations, nor, in general, are there any rotations, leaving them invariant. Does this imply that no symmetry is left, or that the meaning of symmetry should be revised? We review this and other questions related to the liquid‐to‐crystal symmetry‐breaking transition using the notion of indistinguishability. We characterize the order‐parameter space, describe the different elementary excitations, phonons and phasons, and discuss the nature of dislocations—keeping in mind that we are now living in the age of quasicrystals.
Responsibility‐Inducing interventions with Older Clients
Authors: BARRY JOHN R.
Published: December 2011

Robb, S.S., & Stegman, C.E. (1983). Companion animals and elderly people: A challenge for evaluators of social support. The Gerontologist, 23, 277–282.

Ory, M.G., & Goldberg, E.L. (1983). Pet possession and well‐being in elderly women. Research on Aging, 5, 389–409.

Banziger, G., & Roush, S. (1983). Nursing homes for the birds: A control‐relevant intervention with bird feeders. The Gerontologist, 23, 527–531.
The National Academy of Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselors: Creating A New Professional Identity
Authors: MESSINA JAMES J.
Published: December 2011

The National Academy of Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselors was developed by the American Mental Health Counselors Association as an effort to firmly establish the role and identity of mental health counselors in the fields of counseling and mental health. This article provides a brief background of and discusses future goals for the Academy.
Suicide: Dynamics and Implications for Counseling
Authors: FUJIMURA LAURA E. , WEIS DAVID M. , COCHRAN JOHN R.
Published: December 2011

‘The authors discuss the dynamics of suicide, how to work with a potentially suicidal client in the counseling relationship, and legal and ethical implications for the counselor.
Dual‐Career Families: Terminology, Typologies, and Work and Family Issues
Authors: CHERPAS CATHERINE C.
Published: December 2011

A variety of terms, definitions, and typologies describing dual‐career families can be found in the literature. This has resulted in a body of research plagued with conflicting findings. Major work and family issues are examined with subsequent implications for counseling.
Life or Death of Severely Disabled Infants: A Counseling Issue
Authors: HEAD DAVID W. , HEAD BECKY , HEAD JAMES L.
Published: December 2011

Due to the death of a severely disabled infant from Bloomington, Indiana, a series of events set in motion by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has resulted in cautions to health care providers. The resulting policies and procedures warn hospital personnel against withholding nutritional sustenance or medical treatment from severely disabled infants. This article presents dimensions that might serve as a background for counselors to assist families in considering options related to disabled infants. These dimensions include the meaning of life, cost to benefit ratio, medical options, legal precedent, and a theological perspective. This issue is related to counseling practice through counselor ethics, values, and the need for information that counselors can provide to parents during the decision process.
Can Research in the Human Sciences Become More Relevant to Practice?
Authors: HOWARD GEORGE S.
Published: December 2011

The threads of several arguments currently under consideration in various areas of research and practice in counseling are woven together to provide a slightly altered view of the scientist‐practitioner model in counseling.
Rigor, Relevance, and Counseling Research: On the Need to Maintain Our Course Between Scylla and Charybdis
Authors: GELSO CHARLES J.
Published: December 2011

This article suggests that a construct called experience‐nearness determines the relevance of research to practice. A mixture of experience‐near (relevant) and experience‐far (rigorous) research is needed to optimally advance knowledge in, counseling.
Measuring Clients' Cognitive Competence in Research on Counseling
Authors: MARTIN JACK
Published: December 2011

Counseling is defined as an activity concerned with the development of cognitive competence in clients. As part of the overall movement in research on counseling toward methodological pluralism and triangulation, it is suggested that researchers of counseling effects adopt methods of processing and representing clients' cognitive structures. Such methods can help to capture some of the uniquely rich personal and subjective aspects of the change process in counseling. A variety of methods for accessing and representing cognitive structures are presented, some of which are illustrated in a brief case report. The advantages and limitations of the methods presented are discussed.
The Sandwich Generation: Dealing with Aging Parents
Authors: DOBSON JUDITH E. , DOBSON RUSSELL L.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses a workshop designed to provide middle‐aged adults with information and opportunities to process their attitudes, emotions, and the realities of exchanging roles with aging parents.
Implementing the Affective Skills of the High School Counselor in the Classroom
Authors: FILER REX D.
Published: December 2011

This article details a process that helps high school counselors use their affective skills in the classroom. A structured approach is recommended.
John G. Darley: The Minnesota Man
Authors: HEPPNER P. PAUL , NESS ERNIE
Published: December 2011

John G. Darley, a pioneer in counseling, was interviewed about his life and career.
Left‐Right Brain Research and Its Premature Generalization to the Counseling Setting
Authors: ROBBINS STEVEN B.
Published: December 2011

Brain lateralization research has led to speculation about counseling and guidance implications of left‐right brain differences. Serious limitations in these implications are highlighted.
Kolb's Model of Experiential Learning: Touchstone for Trainers, Students, Counselors, and Clients
Authors: SUGARMAN LÉONIE
Published: December 2011

Kolb's model of experiential learning and his typology of learning styles are discussed. Their implications for the counseling field are considered.
Support for Intimacy Skills Groups from Research in Social Psychology
Authors: ANDERSON WAYNE P. , BAUER BARBARA
Published: December 2011

Work done by social psychologists on self‐disclosure is relevant for intimacy skills groups. This research is reviewed and a structured group on intimacy training that integrates the research findings is discussed.
Robert H. Shaffer: The Quintessential “Do‐Gooder”
Authors: KUH GEORGE D. , COOMES MICHAEL D.
Published: December 2011

Robert H. Shaffer, a pioneering administrator, faculty member, and professional association leader, was interviewed about the early days of AACD (formerly APGA) and his contributions to the student affairs field.
The Prevention of Learning and Interpersonal Problems
Authors: SHAW MERVILLE C.
Published: December 2011

The costs of human ineffectiveness are extremely high in both fiscal and human terms, and yet mental health practitioners emphasize remedial efforts unlikely ever to resolve such problems. The positive approach of providing services that will enhance competence and effectiveness, especially in schools, is outlined as an alternative to the current overemphasis on remedial approaches. Consideration is given to the issue of who can do it and how if can be done.
Counselor Interventions with Low‐Achieving and Underachieving Elementary, Middle, and High School Students: A Review of the Literature
Authors: WILSON NATALIE SUSAN
Published: December 2011

The author reviews experimental studies and evaluates the effects of counselor interventions on the grade point averages of underachieving or low‐achieving students in elementary, middle, and high schools. Characteristics of programs associated with improved achievement included directive and behavioral rather than person‐centered approaches, lengthy rather than brief treatment, group rather than individual counseling, voluntary rather than nonvoluntary participation, counseling with study skills instruction, and parental involvement.
Training Counselors for Work with Special Populations: A Second Look
Authors: MARGOLIS RHONDA L. , RUNGTA SUSAN A.
Published: December 2011

Literature on the counseling needs of special populations typically has focused on the inadequate treatment those populations receive. Counselor education programs have responded by developing courses that target specific populations such as women, minorities, or disabled people. There are serious drawbacks, however, to this proliferation of specialized courses. In this article the authors discuss those drawbacks and argue that counselor education programs should include an integrated course that facilitates student self‐awareness in conjunction with practical experience with a variety of clients.
The Binomial Expansion: Simplifying the Evaluation Process
Authors: CHYNOWETH GEORGE H. , BLANKINSHIP DAVID A. , PARKER MICHAEL W.
Published: December 2011

Individual, small group, and program effectiveness can be evaluated quickly and painlessly using the binomial expansion. This powerful, but seldom used, nonparametric method is described and specific examples are used to illustrate its simplicity and elegance. An abbreviated table of probabilities is included.
A Sort Card System for Therapists of Working Women
Authors: WELLINGTON JEAN
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the use of a system of sort cards that focus on the dilemmas of working women. The cards are used as a basis for therapy to help women focus on and come to terms with their ambivalences.
Getting Published: A Personal Account
Authors: TRYON GEORGIANA SHICK
Published: December 2011

In this article the author presents data regarding her experience publishing in refereed journals.
A University‐Sponsored Career Development Center for Nonstudents
Authors: LEVIN ELAINE L. , KAMMIRE LINDA L.
Published: December 2011

As colleges and universities grow increasingly more responsive to the communities in which they reside, programs are required that address the needs of the nonstudent. Georgia State University's program for nonstudents is reviewed after 5 years of operation, and recommendations are made for adapting it to other settings.
Thomas M. Magoon: Innovation, Renewal, Making a Difference
Authors: O'NEIL JAMES M. , MCCANN I. LISA
Published: December 2011

Thomas M. Magoon's 30 years of service and professional values are discussed in this interview from three overlapping perspectives: personal, professional, and familial. Magoon is a pioneer in that he has demonstrated professional innovation, mentoring, and service with conviction, action, and special caring.
Peer Cluster Theory: Drugs and the Adolescent
Authors: OETTING E.R. , BEAUVAIS FRED
Published: December 2011

The authors review several theories advanced to explain adolescent drug use to provide background for describing peer cluster theory. Peer clusters, small subsets of peer groups, including pairs, dictate the shared beliefs, values, and behaviors that determine where, when, and with whom drugs are used and the role that drugs play in defining cluster membership. Peer cluster theory incorporates those psychosocial factors that promote or inoculate against drug use in youth.
Neuropsychology: Implications for the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: CLIFFORD J. STEPHEN
Published: December 2011

The author describes cognitive deficits that are attributable to alcoholism and discusses the prospect for recovery of these impaired skills. Rather than viewing neuropsychological testing simply as a diagnostic exercise, the author considers the potential treatment role of this psychological subspecialty and its implication for alcoholism counselors.
Object‐Relations Theory: A Dialogue with Donald B. Rinsley
Authors: SCHAUER ANDREW H.
Published: December 2011

Object‐relations (O‐R) theory expands traditional psychoanalytic thinking beyond psychiatric hospitals and “patients.” This approach focuses on emotional development that leads to normal or disturbed behavior. O‐R theory is presented here to acquaint counselors with its basic concepts, its practical applications, and its impact on current psychological thought.
Ethnographic Findings on West Indian‐American Clients
Authors: McKENZIE V. MICHAEL
Published: December 2011

Ethnographic data collected on 9 Black, male, West Indian‐American youths yielded themes and rudimentary guides for the subsequent collection of a second set of data. Culturally relevant factors for counseling these youngsters were extricated from quasi‐structured interviews conducted with the original 9 students, an additional 6 high school students, and 11 counselors. The major findings indicate that these students have strong taboos against seeking counseling. Also, their cultural background affects their career choices, and their biculturism induces conflict within their families. Implications for counseling are discussed.
Human Relations Training for the Elderly
Authors: PELSMA DENNIS , FLANAGAN MARY
Published: December 2011

The authors desribe a structured group experience designed to improve communication and to encourage support among a population of elderly persons residing in a retirement community. Group activities and suggestions for counselors are provided.
What Client Behaviors Make Counselors Angry? An Exploratory Study
Authors: FREMONT SUZANNE , ANDERSON WAYNE
Published: December 2011

Counselors may feel anger when clients do not behave according to their expectations of what is a good client. Client resistance, client impositions, verbal attacks on the counselor, and overinvolvement by the counselor in client dynamics seem to be relatively common occurrences that annoy counselors. Possible counselor responses to these feelings are discussed.
Psychotherapy and Religion: Rapprochement or Antithesis?
Authors: QUACKENBOS STEPHEN , PRIVETTE GAYLE , KLENTZ BONNEL
Published: December 2011

Religion and psychotherapy have long maintained separate directions, currently manifested in four viewpoints: orthodox, atheistic, neutralist, and moderate. Although each therapeutic viewpoint is distinct, each contains the seed for rapprochement. The need for a rapprochement that provides professional psychotherapy capable of addressing religious issues is clearly voiced by laypersons, who are clients or potential clients, and by members of the clergy and psychotherapeutic professions. Increasing numbers of ministers now receive professional preparation for pastoral counseling. It is timely for those in the counseling professions to consider seriously specialized education and certification in religious counseling for secular psychotherapists.
The Importance of Student Involvement: A Dialogue with Alexander Astin
Authors: RICHMOND JAYNE
Published: December 2011

This article is based on an interview with Alexander W. Astin, professor of higher education and director of the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA. Astin offered several implications of his theory of student involvement for students, faculty members, and administrators. He also commented on excellence as the development of students' talents and on the characteristics of today's college students, as reflected in the findings of an ongoing national study of over 5 million students, 100,000 faculty and staff members, and over 1,200 institutions of higher education.
Counseling Clients with AIDS
Authors: PRICE RICHARD E. , OMIZO MICHAEL M. , HAMMETT VICTORIA L.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss issues and suggestions relative to counseling clients with AIDS. Several psychosocial issues are presented, and a psycho‐educational model of treatment to meet the needs of AIDS clients is described.
Training Service Providers To Work with Gay or Lesbian Adolescents: A Workshop
Authors: SCHNEIDER MARGARET S. , TREMBLE BOB
Published: December 2011

The authors describe and evaluate a workshop developed to enhance the expertise of service providers who work with gay and lesbian adolescents.
Lesser‐Known Uncontrolled Psychoactive Substances and Their Effects
Authors: MANSFIELD CARSON , PIAZZA NICK J.
Published: December 2011

Some lesser‐known psychoactive substances are described for the counselor's information.
Counselor Applications of Research Findings to Practice: Learning To Stay Current
Authors: ANDERSON WAYNE P. , HEPPNER P. PAUL
Published: December 2011

There is evidence that many counselors currently perceive research as irrelevant to their work, possibly because the present model of training counselors to solve problems is inadequate. The authors point out ways in which applied training can be restructured so that counselors will be better able to apply research findings to their practice.
Eating Disorders on Campus: A Procedure for Community Intervention
Authors: GLENN AUDREY A. , POLLARD JEFFREY W. , DENOVCHEK JANE A. , SMITH ALEXANDER F.
Published: December 2011

Concern for students with eating disorders and concern for the environment served as the catalyst for the development of a procedure for responding to eating disorders. The procedure, which relies heavily on residence hall staff, is presented here, with emphasis on training, prevention, and issues in implementation.
The Manuscript Evaluation Process Used by AACD Journals
Authors: SELIGMAN LINDA
Published: December 2011

Surveys completed by 14 AACD journal editors were analyzed to provide information on journal length, nature of articles, leadership, review process, and disposition of manuscripts. The journal editors use fairly similar procedures for evaluating manuscripts and are interested in the same genre of manuscripts (notably research, theoretical, and in‐the‐field articles). The number of pages published annually by the journals, the number of editorial members, the number of manuscripts received, and the percentage of manuscripts accepted, however, vary considerably among the journals.
Sexual Assault Programming for College Students
Authors: BRISKIN KAREN CALABRIA , GARY JUNEAU MAHAN
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss workshops designed to promote awareness of sexual assault and to provide education about such assault on college campuses.
Leadership Training for High School Girls: An Intervention at One School
Authors: STILES DEBORAH A.
Published: December 2011

The author describes the planning, implementation, and effects of a leadership training program designed for high school girls.
A Mutual‐Help Project for Families of Handicapped Children
Authors: PEARSON JUDITH E. , STERNBERG ABBY
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a program for families of handicapped children that features educational programs and parent and sibling support groups.
Assertiveness Training for Parents
Authors: CLIFFORD TERRY
Published: December 2011

Many parents lack assertiveness in their interactions with their children. The author describes an assertiveness training model that has been offered to parents of preschool children at a community‐based parenting center.
Strategies for Counseling Midcareer Changers: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: PEROSA SANDRA L. , PEROSA LINDA M.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a model designed to help counselors facilitate the midcareer change process. Problems of typical midcareer changers are portrayed using case studies. Intervention strategies are presented in a framework that includes emotional adaptation and cognitive decision making.
Pornography: Research Review and Implications for Counseling
Authors: BOWEN NANCY H.
Published: December 2011

The author reviews the current definitions, models, and research literature available on pornography. The influence of the media on attitudes toward women and sexual aggression are discussed. Suggestions are made for educational and counseling interventions.
Abuse and Older Persons: Issues and Implications for Counselors
Authors: MYERS JANE E. , SHELTON BARBARA
Published: December 2011

Counselors can play a vital role in addressing the needs of increasing numbers of older persons subject to and at risk for abuse from their families, caretakers, and themselves.
Also Victims: Understanding and Treating Men Arrested for Spouse Abuse
Authors: WALDO MICHAEL
Published: December 2011

The author describes characteristics of men arrested for spouse abuse and a small‐group educational format for court‐referred treatment of abuse.
Counselors and Self‐Help Groups
Authors: RIORDAN RICHARD J. , BEGGS MARILYN S.
Published: December 2011

Self‐help groups have become legion in both number and purposes. The authors review the growth of this movement and its current status and suggest ways in which counselors can draw upon such groups in their professional practices.
In Search of Multicultural Competence Within Counselor Education Programs
Authors: PONTEROTTO JOSEPH G. , CASAS J. MANUEL
Published: December 2011

The authors examine the current status of multicultural training in counselor education. Leading multicultural training programs are identified and described, and specific guidelines for improving multicultural training are provided.
Self‐Help Audiocassette Tapes: Adjunct to Psychological Counseling
Authors: YAMAUCHI KENT T.
Published: December 2011

The use of self‐help audiocassette tapes in psychological counseling can accelerate the introduction of therapeutic ideas, promote continuity of counseling between sessions, and reinforce behavioral and attitudinal changes. The rationale and description of a program in which this approach is used in brief counseling of college students is discussed.
Toward the Measurement of Affective Sensitivity
Authors: KAGAN NORMAN , SCHNEIDER JOHN
Published: December 2011

The current versions of the Affective Sensitivity Scale (E‐80 and D‐80) are media‐based, multiple‐choice tests of one facet of human empathy. Extensive data have been collected. Revisions have been made based on analysis of reliability and validity data. The tests yield several subscales that have research, treatment, and training potential. Theoretical constructs are proposed to explain the role of affective sensitivity in the process of empathy.
Circumplex Model of Family Systems: A Treatment Tool in Family Counseling
Authors: MAYNARD PETER E. , OLSON DAVID H.
Published: December 2011

The Circumplex Model and its diagnostic inventory, FACES III, are emerging as important tools for the family counselor. The authors describe the model and inventory and illustrate their use through a case study with a multiproblem family.
A Program for Training Teachers as Counselors of Parents of Children with Disabilities
Authors: BERRY JUDY O.
Published: December 2011

The author presents a four‐session, in‐service training program in which a counselor serves as facilitator. The focus of the program is training teachers to work more effectively with parents of children with disabilities through the integration of counseling theory and special education practice.
E. Joseph Shoben, Jr.: Synthesizer in an Age of Specialization
Authors: HEESACKER MARTIN , GILBERT BARBARA J.
Published: December 2011

E. Joseph Shoben, Jr., a pioneer in the development of counseling, was interviewed about his intellectual and career development, his views of the present and future of counseling, his ideas about several issues in psychotherapy, and his reflections about himself and his career. In addition, several others who know Shoben were interviewed about him.
Toward a Telic Vision of Human Beings: A Dialogue with Joseph F. Rychlak
Authors: HOWARD GEORGE S.
Published: December 2011

Over the past 25 years, Joseph F. Rychlak has developed a unique approach to theory, research, and practice in counseling that he refers to as “rigorous humanism.” His conceptualization of human action is radically different from the mainstream understanding of human beings in scientific theory and research. His position is quite compatible, however, with the views of most practicing counselors. Rychlak's proposals have been instrumental in developing a modified view of science, upon which a research‐based understanding of counseling practice can be constructed.
Cross‐Cultural Counseling at the Crossroads: A Dialogue with Clemmont E. Vontress
Authors: JACKSON MORRIS L.
Published: December 2011

Clemmont E. Vontress, professor of education at George Washington University, discusses the genesis, status, and future direction of cross‐cultural counseling, the subspecialty of which he is a pioneer and frequent contributor to its growing body of literature.
Black Men, An Endangered Species: Who's Really Pulling the Trigger?
Authors: PARHAM THOMAS A. , McDAVIS RODERICK J.
Published: December 2011

Black men in today's society remain a population at risk. Factors that contribute to this phenomenon are discussed, and recommendations are made for helping service professionals, parents, and Black men themselves.
The Therapeutic Effect of Physical Fitness on Measures of Personality: A Literature Review
Authors: DOAN ROB E. , SCHERMAN AVRAHAM
Published: December 2011

The authors review the literature concerning the effects of physical fitness on various measures of personality and offer specific suggestions for future research in this area.
The Use of Syllogism in Rational‐Emotive Therapy
Authors: COHEN ELLIOT D.
Published: December 2011

The author indicates how the use of syllogistic logic in rational‐emotive therapy can help therapists expose clients' irrational beliefs.
Improving Research Training in Doctoral Counseling Programs
Authors: GALASSI JOHN P. , STOLTZ RICHARD F. , BROOKS LINDA , TREXLER KARI A.
Published: December 2011

The authors surveyed the research training practices of doctoral‐level, APA‐approved counseling psychology programs, non‐APA‐approved counseling psychology programs, and counselor education programs to identify ways to improve such training. Some differences were found according to program type. No differences were found in percentage of students' publishing or presenting research during 1983–84. Suggestions for improving future research training were assessed; highest ratings were given to required participation in research teams; 1st‐year, “hands‐on” research experience; and greater emphasis on design rather than statistics training. Programs characterized by high and low student research productivity differed in the areas of required research training, research emphases and research climate, required presentation or submission of research for publication, and material support for student research. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Educational Reform Movement: What Does it Mean for Counseling?
Authors: HOHENSHIL THOMAS H.
Published: December 2011

Case, C.W., Lanier, J.E., & Miskel, C.G. (1986). The Holmes Group report: Impetus for gaining professional status for teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 37(4), 36–43.
Psychologists and Counselors in the Legal System: A Dialogue with Theodore Blau
Authors: KRIESHOK THOMAS S.
Published: December 2011

Today there are increasing opportunities for counselors to contribute to the American legal system. In this dialogue Theodore Blau, a frequent expert witness, discusses various roles, benefits, and contributions of mental health professionals in the legal system.
Effects of Role Expectations on Clients' Perceptions of Disclosing and Nondisclosing Counselors
Authors: PECA‐BAKER THERESA A. , FRIEDLANDER MYRNA L.
Published: December 2011

The authors tested the hypothesis that regardless of whether a counselor self‐discloses, a client's perceptions will be more favorable when the counselor's behavior is congruent with the client's precounseling expectations than when the client's expectations and the counselor's behavior are incongruent. Before listening to an excerpted interview, participants (a) were led to expect that counselors self‐disclose, (b) were led to expect that counselors do not self‐disclose, or (c) were given no expectation regarding counselor self‐disclosure. Participants then listened to stimulus audiotapes in which the counselor did or did not reveal personal information. Dependent variables were participants' perceptions of the counselor on three social influence dimensions and two therapeutic relationship dimensions. Results indicated that the disclosing counselor was viewed more favorably than was the nondisclosing counselor, participants' expectations notwithstanding.
Marriage and Family Counseling in Counselor Education: National Trends and Implications
Authors: GLADDING SAMUEL T. , BURGGRAF MARGARET , FENELL DAVID L.
Published: December 2011

The authors report the results of a survey of 274 counselor education chairpersons asked to respond to a series of questions concerning the current status of marriage and family counseling in counselor education. Respondents indicated that marriage and family programs in counselor education are continuing to grow in popularity, identified courses most frequently employed in the training of such counselors, provided information about support that AACD could give to enhance the development of marriage and family counseling, and gave their opinions about how marriage and family counseling programs should be accredited.
Gestalt Therapy and Feminist Therapy: A Proposed Integration
Authors: ENNS CAROLYN ZERBE
Published: December 2011

A proposal is offered for integrating the Gestalt goals of self‐responsibility with a feminist perspective that places value on the web of relationships in women's lives and focuses attention on the environmental constraints and socialization that affect women's choices.
The Use of Paradoxical Intention in the Treatment of Panic Attacks
Authors: DATTILIO FRANK M.
Published: December 2011

Paradoxical intention can be used in the treatment of panic attacks. In this article the author provides a brief case example and discussion of the nature and implementation of the technique.