bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Spatial Analysis Framework to Monitor and Accelerate Progress towards SDG 3 to End TB in Bangladesh
Authors: Rood Ente , Khan Ahmadul Hasan , Modak Pronab Kumar , Mergenthaler Christina , Van Gurp Margo , Blok Lucie , Bakker Mirjam
Published: December 2018

Global efforts to end the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2030 (SDG3.3) through improved TB case detection and treatment have not been effective to significantly reduce the global burden of the TB epidemic. This study presents an analytical framework to evaluate the use of TB case notification rates (CNR) to monitor and to evaluate TB under-detection and under-diagnoses in Bangladesh. Local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) were calculated to assess the presence and scale of spatial clusters of TB CNR across 489 upazilas in Bangladesh. Simultaneous autoregressive models were fit to the data to identify associations between TB CNR and poverty, TB testing rates and retreatment rates. CNRs were found to be significantly spatially clustered, negatively correlated to poverty rates and positively associated to TB testing and retreatment rates. Comparing the observed pattern of CNR with model-standardized rates made it possible to identify areas where TB under-detection is likely to occur. These results suggest that TB CNR is an unreliable proxy for TB incidence. Spatial variations in TB case notifications and subnational variations in TB case detection should be considered when monitoring national TB trends. These results provide useful information to target and prioritize context specific interventions.
Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine at a Gold Electrode Modified with a Polypyrrole–Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves (MCM-48) Film
Authors: Zablocka Izabela , Wysocka-Zolopa Monika , Winkler Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

A gold electrode modified with a polypyrrole–mesoporous silica molecular sieves (polypyrrole—MCM-48) nanostructure film was used for the electrochemical determination of small concentrations of dopamine (DA) by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry techniques. This electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of dopamine. The oxidation potential of dopamine was decreased significantly compared with that obtained at the bare gold electrode. The observed linear range for the determination of the dopamine concentration, without interferents through cyclic voltammetry measurements, was from 10 μM to 1.2 mM (R2 = 0.9989) for the gold electrode modified with the polypyrrole—MCM-48 nanostructure, with a detection limit of 2.5 μM. In the case of square-wave voltammetry, the linear range was 2–250 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996, and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.7 μM. The effects of interferents, such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), on the electrochemical detection of dopamine were also examined. The modified electrode can successfully separate the oxidation potentials for ascorbic acid and dopamine, shifting the oxidation peak potential of ascorbic acid to a more positive potential, and significantly decreasing the peak current. The presence of ascorbic acid increased the sensitivity of dopamine determination at the modified electrode, and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.5 μM with 0.1 mM ascorbic acid to imitate physiological solutions. Additionally, studies showed that the presence of uric acid does not affect the electrochemical detection of dopamine. The modified electrode can be successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of dopamine both with and without interferents.
Interaction of ERα and NRF2 Impacts Survival in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Czogalla Bastian , Kahaly Maja , Mayr Doris , Schmoeckel Elisa , Niesler Beate , Kolben Thomas , Burges Alexander , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Trillsch Fabian
Published: December 2018

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulates cytoprotective antioxidant processes. In this study, the prognostic potential of NRF2 and its interactions with the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in ovarian cancer cells was investigated. NRF2 and ERα protein expression in ovarian cancer tissue was analyzed as well as mRNA expression of NRF2 (NFE2L2) and ERα (ESR1) in four ovarian cancer and one benign cell line. NFE2L2 silencing was carried out to evaluate a potential interplay between NRF2 and ERα. Cytoplasmic NRF2 expression as inactive form had significantly higher expression in patients with low-grade histology (p = 0.03). In the serous cancer subtype, high cytoplasmic NRF2 expression (overall survival (OS), median 50.6 vs. 29.3 months; p = 0.04) and high ERα expression (OS, median 74.5 vs. 27.1 months; p = 0.002) was associated with longer overall survival as well as combined expression of both inactive cytoplasmic NRF2 and ERα in the whole cohort (median 74.5 vs. 37.7 months; p = 0.04). Cytoplasmic NRF2 expression showed a positive correlation with ERα expression (p = 0.004). NFE2L2 was found to be highly expressed in the ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3, UWB1.289, and TOV112D. Compared with the benign cell line HOSEpiC, ESR1 expression was reduced in all ovary cancer cell lines (all p < 0.001). Silencing of NFE2L2 induced a higher mRNA expression of ESR1 in the NFE2L2 downregulated cancer cell lines OVCAR3 (p = 0.003) and ES2 (p < 0.001), confirming genetic interactions of NRF2 and ERα. In this study, both inactive cytoplasmic NRF2 and high ERα expression were demonstrated to be associated with improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. Further understanding of interactions within the estradiol–ERα–NRF2 pathway could better predict the impact of endocrine therapy in ovarian cancer.
Ursolic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Partially via Upregulation of MicroRNA-4500 and Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation
Authors: Kim Karam , Shin Eun Ah , Jung Ji Hoon , Park Ji Eon , Kim Dong Soub , Shim Bum Sang , Kim Sung-Hoon
Published: December 2018

Though ursolic acid (UA) isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa was known to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects, the underlying antitumor mechanism of ursolic acid was not fully understood to date. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of ursolic acid was elucidated in HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells in association with STAT3 and microRNA-4500 (miR-4500) by MTT assay, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Ursolic acid significantly exerted cytotoxicity, increased TUNEL positive cells and sub-G1 apoptotic portion, induced cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3 in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Of note, ursolic acid attenuated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and also blocked nuclear translocation of STAT3 in colorectal cancer cells. Notably, ursolic acid increased the expression level of miR-4500 in HCT116 cells by qRT-PCR analysis and conversely miR-4500 inhibitor reversed cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects by increasing TUNEL positive cells, PARP cleavage and inhibiting p-STAT3 in ursolic acid treated colorectal cancer cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence that usolic acid induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells partially via upregulation of miR-4500 and inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation as a potent anti-cancer agent for colorectal cancer therapy.
Proteomic Studies Reveal Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 as a Player in Both Neurodevelopment and Synaptic Function
Authors: Ramos Adriana , Rodríguez-Seoane Carmen , Rosa Isaac , Gorroño-Etxebarria Irantzu , Alonso Jana , Veiga Sonia , Korth Carsten , Kypta Robert , García Ángel , Requena Jesús
Published: December 2018

A balanced chromosomal translocation disrupting DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1) gene has been linked to psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Since the discovery of this translocation, many studies have focused on understating the role of the truncated isoform of DISC1, hypothesizing that the gain of function of this protein could be behind the neurobiology of mental conditions, but not so many studies have focused in the mechanisms impaired due to its loss of function. For that reason, we performed an analysis on the cellular proteome of primary neurons in which DISC1 was knocked down with the goal of identifying relevant pathways directly affected by DISC1 loss of function. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we found that the expression of 31 proteins related to neurodevelopment (e.g., CRMP-2, stathmin) and synaptic function (e.g., MUNC-18, NCS-1) is altered by DISC1 in primary mouse neurons. Hence, this study reinforces the idea that DISC1 is a unifying regulator of both neurodevelopment and synaptic function, thereby providing a link between these two key anatomical and cellular circuitries.
Therapeutic Inhibition of Myc in Cancer. Structural Bases and Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Approaches
Authors: Carabet Lavinia A. , Rennie Paul S. , Cherkasov Artem
Published: December 2018

Myc (avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) represents one of the most sought after drug targets in cancer. Myc transcription factor is an essential regulator of cell growth, but in most cancers it is overexpressed and associated with treatment-resistance and lethal outcomes. Over 40 years of research and drug development efforts did not yield a clinically useful Myc inhibitor. Drugging the “undruggable” is problematic, as Myc inactivation may negatively impact its physiological functions. Moreover, Myc is a disordered protein that lacks effective binding pockets on its surface. It is well established that the Myc function is dependent on dimerization with its obligate partner, Max (Myc associated factor X), which together form a functional DNA-binding domain to activate genomic targets. Herein, we provide an overview of the knowledge accumulated to date on Myc regulation and function, its critical role in cancer, and summarize various strategies that are employed to tackle Myc-driven malignant transformation. We focus on important structure-function relationships of Myc with its interactome, elaborating structural determinants of Myc-Max dimer formation and DNA recognition exploited for therapeutic inhibition. Chronological development of small-molecule Myc-Max prototype inhibitors and corresponding binding sites are comprehensively reviewed and particular emphasis is placed on modern computational drug design methods. On the outlook, technological advancements may soon provide the so long-awaited Myc-Max clinical candidate.
Genomic Features and Insights into the Taxonomy, Virulence, and Benevolence of Plant-Associated Burkholderia Species
Authors: Mannaa Mohamed , Park Inmyoung , Seo Young-Su
Published: December 2018

The members of the Burkholderia genus are characterized by high versatility and adaptability to various ecological niches. With the availability of the genome sequences of numerous species of Burkholderia, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the unique features of this exceptional group of bacteria. Genomic and metabolic plasticity are common among Burkholderia species, as evidenced by their relatively large multi-replicon genomes that are rich in insertion sequences and genomic islands and contain a high proportion of coding regions. Such unique features could explain their adaptability to various habitats and their versatile lifestyles, which are reflected in a multiplicity of species including free-living rhizospheric bacteria, plant endosymbionts, legume nodulators, and plant pathogens. The phytopathogenic Burkholderia group encompasses several pathogens representing threats to important agriculture crops such as rice. Contrarily, plant-beneficial Burkholderia have also been reported, which have symbiotic and growth-promoting roles. In this review, the taxonomy of Burkholderia is discussed emphasizing the recent updates and the contributions of genomic studies to precise taxonomic positioning. Moreover, genomic and functional studies on Burkholderia are reviewed and insights are provided into the mechanisms underlying the virulence and benevolence of phytopathogenic and plant-beneficial Burkholderia, respectively, on the basis of cutting-edge knowledge.
The Influence of Capsaicin on the Integrity of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayers
Authors: Kaiser Mathias , Burek Malgorzata , Britz Stefan , Lankamp Frauke , Ketelhut Steffi , Kemper Björn , Förster Carola , Gorzelanny Christian , Goycoolea Francisco M.
Published: December 2018

Microvascular endothelial cells are an essential part of many biological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the endothelium of the arteries and veins. A reversible opening strategy to increase the permeability of drugs across the BBB could lead to improved therapies due to enhanced drug bioavailability. Vanilloids, such as capsaicin, are known to reversibly open tight junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells. In this study, we used several in vitro assays with the murine endothelial capillary brain cells (line cEND) as a BBB model to characterize the interaction between capsaicin and endothelial tight junctions.
The Role of the Microbiome in Asthma: The Gut–Lung Axis
Authors: Frati Franco , Salvatori Cristina , Incorvaia Cristoforo , Bellucci Alessandro , Di Cara Giuseppe , Marcucci Francesco , Esposito Susanna
Published: December 2018

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. It affects all ages but frequently begins in childhood. Initiation and exacerbations may depend on individual susceptibility, viral infections, allergen exposure, tobacco smoke exposure, and outdoor air pollution. The aim of this review was to analyze the role of the gut–lung axis in asthma development, considering all asthma phenotypes, and to evaluate whether microbe-based therapies may be used for asthma prevention. Several studies have confirmed the role of microbiota in the regulation of immune function and the development of atopy and asthma. These clinical conditions have apparent roots in an insufficiency of early life exposure to the diverse environmental microbiota necessary to ensure colonization of the gastrointestinal and/or respiratory tracts. Commensal microbes are necessary for the induction of a balanced, tolerogenic immune system. The identification of commensal bacteria in both the gastroenteric and respiratory tracts could be an innovative and important issue. In conclusion, the function of microbiota in healthy immune response is generally acknowledged, and gut dysbacteriosis might result in chronic inflammatory respiratory disorders, particularly asthma. Further investigations are needed to improve our understanding of the role of the microbiome in inflammation and its influence on important risk factors for asthma, including tobacco smoke and host genetic features.
Neuroimmune Semaphorin 4A in Cancer Angiogenesis and Inflammation: A Promoter or a Suppressor?
Authors: Iyer Apoorva S. , Chapoval Svetlana P.
Published: December 2018

Neuroimmune semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), a member of semaphorin family of transmembrane and secreted proteins, is an important regulator of neuronal and immune functions. In the nervous system, Sema4A primarily regulates the functional activity of neurons serving as an axon guidance molecule. In the immune system, Sema4A regulates immune cell activation and function, instructing a fine tuning of the immune response. Recent studies have shown a dysregulation of Sema4A expression in several types of cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, and breast cancers. Cancers have been associated with abnormal angiogenesis. The function of Sema4A in angiogenesis and cancer is not defined. Recent studies have demonstrated Sema4A expression and function in endothelial cells. However, the results of these studies are controversial as they report either pro- or anti-angiogenic Sema4A effects depending on the experimental settings. In this mini-review, we discuss these findings as well as our data on Sema4A regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, which both are important pathologic processes underlining tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Understanding the role of Sema4A in those processes may guide the development of improved therapeutic treatments for cancer.
Olive Biophenols Reduces Alzheimer’s Pathology in SH-SY5Y Cells and APPswe Mice
Authors: Omar Syed Haris , Scott Christopher J. , Hamlin Adam S. , Obied Hassan K.
Published: December 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease, associated with the hallmark proteinacious constituent called amyloid beta (Aβ) of senile plaques. Moreover, it is already established that metals (particularly copper, zinc and iron) have a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. In order to reduce the Aβ plaque burden and overcome the side effects from the synthetic inhibitors, the current study was designed to focus on direct inhibition of with or without metal-induced Aβ fibril formation and aggregation by using olive biophenols. Exposure of neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells with Aβ42 resulted in decrease of cell viability and morphological changes might be due to severe increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells with olive biophenols were able to attenuate cell death caused by Aβ42, copper- Aβ42, and [laevodihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)] l-DOPA-Aβ42-induced toxicity after 24 h of treatment. Oleuropein, verbascoside and rutin were the major anti-amyloidogenic compounds. Transgenic mice (APPswe/PS1dE9) received 50 mg/kg of oleuropein containing olive leaf extracts (OLE) or control diet from 7 to 23 weeks of age. Treatment mice (OLE) were showed significantly reduced amyloid plaque deposition (p < 0.001) in cortex and hippocampus as compared to control mice. Our findings provide a basis for considering natural and low cost biophenols from olive as a promising candidate drug against AD. Further studies warrant to validate and determine the anti-amyloid mechanism, bioavailability as well as permeability of olive biophenols against blood brain barrier in AD.
The Effects of Systemic and Local Acidosis on Insulin Resistance and Signaling
Authors: Baldini Nicola , Avnet Sofia
Published: December 2018

Most pathological conditions that cause local or systemic acidosis by overcoming the buffering activities of body fluids overlap with those diseases that are characterized by glucose metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and cancer. This simple observation suggests the existence of a strong relationship between acidosis and insulin metabolism or insulin receptor signaling. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the activity of insulin on the induction of acidosis and, vice versa, on the effects of changes of extracellular and intracellular pH on insulin resistance. Insulin influences acidosis by promoting glycolysis. Although with an unclear mechanism, the lowering of pH, in turn, inhibits insulin sensitivity or activity. In addition to ketoacidosis that is frequently associated with diabetes, other important and more complex factors are involved in this delicate feedback mechanism. Among these, in this review we discussed the acid-mediated inhibiting effects on insulin binding affinity to its receptor, on glycolysis, on the recycling of glucose transporters, and on insulin secretion via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activity by pancreatic β-cells. Finally, we revised current data available on the mutual interaction between insulin signaling and the activity of ion/proton transporters and pH sensors, and on how acidosis may enhance insulin resistance through the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway.
Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome and Dietary Intervention
Authors: Xu Hang , Li Xiaopeng , Adams Hannah , Kubena Karen , Guo Shaodong
Published: December 2018

The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The rising rates of CVD and diabetes, which are the two leading causes of death, simultaneously exist. To prevent the progression of MetS to diabetes and CVD, we have to understand how MetS occurs and how it progresses. Too many causative factors interact with each other, making the investigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome a very complex issue. Recently, a number of studies were conducted to investigate mechanisms and interventions of MetS, from different aspects. In this review, the proposed and demonstrated mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis are discussed and summarized. More importantly, different interventions are discussed, so that health practitioners can have a better understanding of the most recent research progress and have available references for their daily practice.
National Survey Assessment of the United States’ Pediatric Residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Newborn Screening
Authors: Bansal Shipra , Kasturi Kannan , Chin Vivian L.
Published: December 2018

A pediatrician’s approach to newborn screening (NBS) impacts patient care. Some physicians have reported not being well prepared to inform families about a positive NBS and recommend further follow-up. The knowledge and approach of categorical pediatric residents (RES) in the United States regarding NBS is not known. They were anonymously surveyed via listserv maintained by American Academy of Pediatrics. A total of 655 responses were analyzed. The mean composite knowledge score (CKS) was 17.7 (SD 1.8), out of maximum 21. Training level (p = 0.001) and completing NICU rotation (p < 0.001) predicted higher CKS. Most RES agreed that NBS is useful and pediatricians play an important role in the NBS process, however, only 62% were comfortable with counseling. Higher level RES were more likely to follow NBS results in clinic (p = 0.0027) and know the contact agency for results (p < 0.001). Most RES wanted more NBS training during residency and were not aware of clinical algorithms like ACTion sheets developed by American College of Medical Genetics. We concluded that although RES have sufficient knowledge about NBS, there is a need for earlier RES education on available tools for NBS to enhance their comfort level and improve practices such as educating parents about the NBS process.
Planar UWB Monopole Antenna with Tri-Band Rejection Characteristics at 3.5/5.5/8 GHz
Authors: Dong Jian , Zhuang Xin , Hu Guoqiang
Published: December 2018

A triple band-notched ultrawide band (UWB) antenna is presented to avoid the interference of services working in the UWB band, such as WLAN, WiMAX and X-band satellite systems. The arc H-shaped slot on the radiating patch creates a low frequency notched band, while the other two band-notched bands are formed by cutting narrow slots on the ground plane. The presented antenna can operate on the ultrawide band efficiently and inhibit interference from three different kinds of narrow band communication systems. The simulation and measurement results show that the antenna has excellent band-notched function on the rejectband and almost omnidirectional radiation pattern on the passband.
Comparative Study of Ant Colony Algorithms for Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Ning Jiaxu , Zhang Changsheng , Sun Peng , Feng Yunfei
Published: December 2018

In recent years, when solving MOPs, especially discrete path optimization problems, MOACOs concerning other meta-heuristic algorithms have been used and improved often, and they have become a hot research topic. This article will start from the basic process of ant colony algorithms for solving MOPs to illustrate the differences between each step. Secondly, we provide a relatively complete classification of algorithms from different aspects, in order to more clearly reflect the characteristics of different algorithms. After that, considering the classification result, we have carried out a comparison of some typical algorithms which are from different categories on different sizes TSP (traveling salesman problem) instances and analyzed the results from the perspective of solution quality and convergence rate. Finally, we give some guidance about the selection of these MOACOs to solve problem and some research works for the future.
Review of Implementation of Augmented Reality into the Georeferenced Analogue and Digital Maps and Images
Authors: Werner Piotr A.
Published: December 2018

Augmented reality (AR) combines information from databases with information derived directly through the human senses or different sensors. AR is the organic, real-time, and dynamically overlaying virtual images created by computers and other information on a real environment that the observer can see. Virtual information changes according to the movement of the observer, as if that virtual information truly exists in the real world. The convergence of geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping, mobile technology, and augmented reality (AR) implies the emergence of location based systems (LBS) and, in turn, the diminishing use of traditional analog maps by smartphone users. The focus and review of current achievements in this subject on the wider trends of the use of AR also prove that coding of some data and metadata on an image or a map (both in digital and analogue form) permits inter alia the inclusion of, for example, a paper map or analogue image into the chain of digital devices use. Some solutions, remarks, and comments concerning functioning of the digitally augmented (printed) map and their digital counterparts within the information society are presented.
Throughput of Wireless-Powered Based Multiuser System with Large-Scale Distributed Antennas
Authors: Wang Qing , Wei Jingbo , Guo Weidong
Published: December 2018

This paper investigates energy harvesting based multiuser system with large-scale distributed antennas, where a large number of remote antenna units (RAUs) are evenly separated across multiple circles. An efficient wireless energy and information transmission protocol is proposed. To save the signaling and the radio frequency chains overheads, the RAU with the shortest distance towards a user equipment (UE) is employed for the downlink wireless energy transfer (WET). In the uplink phase, we analyze the probability of wireless information transmission (WIT) of UEs. Then, linear zero-forcing detection and minimum-mean-square error are used to separate the data information among all the UEs that satisfy the requirement of WIT. The asymptotic throughput for an arbitrary UE is derived in closed-form. The time fraction used for the WET is optimized through maximizing the asymptotic throughput. Numerical and simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis, and bring to light the time fraction planning and the RAUs deployment for the system.
A Lipidomics Study Reveals Lipid Signatures Associated with Early Allograft Dysfunction in Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Tsai Hsin-I , Lo Chi-Jen , Zheng Chih-Wen , Lee Chao-Wei , Lee Wei-Chen , Lin Jr-Rung , Shiao Ming-Shi , Cheng Mei-Ling , Yu Huang-Ping
Published: December 2018

Liver transplantation has become the ultimate treatment for patients with end stage liver disease. However, early allograft dysfunction (EAD) has been associated with allograft loss or mortality after transplantation. We aim to utilize a metabolomic platform to identify novel biomarkers for more accurate correlation with EAD using blood samples collected from 51 recipients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to search for a relationship between the metabolomic profiles and the presence of EAD.Cholesteryl esters (CEs), triacylglycerols (TGs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) were identified in association with EAD and a combination of cholesterol oleate, PC (16:0/16:0), and lysoPC (16:0) gave an optimal area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9487 and 0.7884 in the prediction of EAD and in-hospital mortality, respectively after LDLT. Such biomarkers may add as a potential clinical panel for the prediction of graft function and mortality after LDLT.
Water Tourism: A New Strategy for the Sustainable Management of Water-Based Ecosystems and Landscapes in Extremadura (Spain)
Authors: Folgado-Fernández José , Di-Clemente Elide , Hernández-Mogollón José , Campón-Cerro Ana
Published: December 2018

Water is an important element for the conservation of ecosystems and for human wellbeing. Recently, there has been a loss of awareness about the value of this resource, which requires scientific and practical action to encourage the rise of a new cultural attitude regarding water. Tourism gives water resources great potential, because it facilitates the development of such attractive resources, combining their protection with respectful use. However, studies that have explored the water tourism–territory relationship are still scarce. The objective of this work is to explore the current, touristic use of the aquifer sites in the Spanish region of Extremadura in order to determine whether these practices have the potential to generate new sensitivity about the value of water and its importance in socioeconomic development and environmental conservation. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methodologies, obtaining results that confirm the strategic role of water in the proper management of ecosystems and for the enhancement of human wellbeing. The empirical results show the beginning of a change in water-based tourism from both a supply- and demand-side perspectives. The conclusions suggest potential new measures that will facilitate a better understanding of the value of water, enhance the quality of life for everyone, and safeguard ecosystems.
Evaluating Public Attitudes and Farmers’ Beliefs towards Climate Change Adaptation: Awareness, Perception, and Populism at European Level
Authors: Ricart Sandra , Olcina Jorge , Rico Antonio M.
Published: December 2018

The scientific understanding of climate change is firmly established; it is occurring, it is primarily due to human activities, and it poses potentially serious risks to human and natural systems. Nevertheless, public understanding of this phenomenon varies widely among farmers and the public, the two-target audience of this paper. This paper introduces two research questions: (1) How climate change is perceived by public-farmers’ nexus; and (2) How perception and populism (as a thin-ideology moved by social forces) interact? In order to address both questions, we review insights from different sources (literature, research projects, and public opinion services) over the last 10 years. The results proved how public experience of climate change is interdependent with the belief that climate change is happening. What is also notable is that the greater the years of farmers’ farming experiences, the greater the percentage rate of their climate change awareness. Differences among farmers and public perceptions were also noted. Uncertainty, coupled with skepticism, the media, and political will, are common findings when asking to farmers and the public for the main weaknesses in adaptation to climate change. However, scientific consensus, meteorological data, barriers to adaptation, and the role of technology are subjects in which both differ.
Recent Advances in High Performance Polymers—Tribological Aspects
Authors: Kurdi Abdulaziz , Chang Li
Published: December 2018

High-performance polymer (HPP)-based engineering materials in tribological applications have been under continuous research over the last few decades. This paper reviewed the recent studies on the sliding wear properties of HPPs and their nanocomposites, which are associated with the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In particular, the effects of the intrinsic properties of polymer composites (e.g., mechanical properties of the materials and the types of fillers) and external environmental conditions (e.g., service temperature and lubrication medium) on the formation of transfer layers (TLs) were discussed. The latter would govern the overall friction and wear of polymeric materials in sliding against metallic counterparts. In addition, correlations between the basic mechanical properties of HPPs and their sliding wear behavior were also explored.
Inhomogeneity of Free Volumes in Metallic Glasses under Tension
Authors: Da Wei , Wang Peng-wei , Wang Yi-fu , Li Ming-fei , Yang Liang
Published: December 2018

In this work, the deformation of Zr2Cu metallic glass (MG) under uniaxial tensile stress was investigated at the atomic level using a series of synchrotron radiation techniques combined with molecular dynamics simulation. A new approach to the quantitative detection of free volumes in MGs was designed and it was found that free volumes increase in the elastic stage, slowly expand in the yield stage, and finally reach saturation in the plastic stage. In addition, in different regions of the MG model, free volumes exhibited inhomogeneity under stress, in terms of size, density, and distribution. In particular, the expansion of free volumes in the center region was much more rapid than those in the other regions. It is interesting that the density of free volumes in the center region abnormally decreased with strain. It was revealed that the atomic-level stress between different regions may contribute to the inhomogeneity of free volumes under stress. In addition, the inhomogeneous change of free volumes during the deformation was confirmed by the evolution of local atomic shear strains in different regions. The present work provides in-depth insight into the deformation mechanisms of MGs.
Study of Agave Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposite Films
Authors: Annandarajah Cindu , Li Peng , Michel Mitchel , Chen Yuanfen , Jamshidi Reihaneh , Kiziltas Alper , Hoch Richard , Grewell David , Montazami Reza
Published: December 2018

Thermoplastic resins (linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP)) reinforced by different content ratios of raw agave fibers were prepared and characterized in terms of their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties as well as their morphology. The morphological properties of agave fibers and films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the variations in chemical interactions between the filler and matrix materials were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. No significant chemical interaction between the filler and matrix was observed. Melting point and crystallinity of the composites were evaluated for the effect of agave fiber on thermal properties of the composites, and modulus and yield strength parameters were inspected for mechanical analysis. While addition of natural fillers did not affect the overall thermal properties of the composite materials, elastic modulus and yielding stress exhibited direct correlation to the filler content and increased as the fiber content was increased. The highest elastic moduli were achieved with 20 wt % agave fiber for all the three composites. The values were increased by 319.3%, 69.2%, and 57.2%, for LLDPE, HDPE, and PP, respectively. The optimum yield stresses were achieved with 20 wt % fiber for LLDPE increasing by 84.2% and with 30 wt % for both HDPE and PP, increasing by 52% and 12.3% respectively.
Model of the Magnetostrictive Hysteresis Loop with Local Maximum
Authors: Szewczyk Roman
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a model of the magnetostrictive hysteresis loop with local maximum. The model is based on the differential equations describing magnetostriction due to the domain wall movement as well as domain magnetization rotation. The transition between these mechanisms of magnetization is quantified by the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. Moreover, the lift-off phenomenon in the magnetostrictive hysteresis loop is considered. The proposed model was validated on the results of measurements of magnetostrictive hysteresis loops of Mn0.70Zn0.24Fe2.06O4 ferrite for power application and 13CrMo4-5 construction steel. The results of modeling confirm that the proposed model corresponds well with experimental results. Good agreement was confirmed by determination coefficient R2, which exceeded 0.995 and 0.985 for Mn0.70Zn0.24Fe2.06O4 ferrite for power application and 13CrMo4-5 construction steel, respectively.
Influence of Abrasive Waterjet Parameters on the Cutting and Drilling of CFRP/UNS A97075 and UNS A97075/CFRP Stacks
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Raul , Mayuet Ares Pedro F. , Vazquez-Martinez Juan Manuel , Salguero Gómez Jorge
Published: December 2018

The incorporation of plastic matrix composite materials into structural elements of the aeronautical industry requires contour machining and drilling processes along with metallic materials prior to final assembly operations. These operations are usually performed using conventional techniques, but they present problems derived from the nature of each material that avoid implementing One Shot Drilling strategies that work separately. In this work, the study focuses on the evaluation of the feasibility of Abrasive Waterjet Machining (AWJM) as a substitute for conventional drilling for stacks formed of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and aluminum alloy UNS A97050 through the study of the influence of abrasive mass flow rate, traverse feed rate and water pressure in straight cuts and drills. For the evaluation of the straight cuts, Stereoscopic Optical Microscopy (SOM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used. In addition, the kerf taper through the proposal of a new method and the surface quality in different cutting regions were evaluated. For the study of holes, the macrogeometric deviations of roundness, cylindricity and straightness were evaluated. Thus, this experimental procedure reveals the conditions that minimize deviations, defects, and damage in straight cuts and holes obtained by AWJM.
Numerical Validation of Two-Parameter Weibull Model for Assessing Failure Fatigue Lives of Laminated Cementitious Composites—Comparative Assessment of Modeling Approaches
Authors: Hanif Asad , Kim Yongjae , Park Cheolwoo
Published: December 2018

In this paper, comparative assessment of failure fatigue lives of thin laminated cementitious composites (LCCs) modeled by two modeling approaches—double-parameter Weibull distribution model and triple-parameter distribution model—was carried out. LCCs were fabricated of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash cenosphere (FAC), quartz sand, and reinforcing meshes and fibers. The failure fatigue life assessment at various probabilities by the two-parameter model was based on numerical calculations whereas the three-parameter model was applied by an open source program—ProFatigue®. Respective parameters, shape and scale parameters in the two-parameter Weibull distribution model while shape, scale, and location parameters in three-parameter model were determined, and the corresponding probabilistic fatigue lives at various failure probabilities were calculated. It is concluded that the two-parameter model is more accurate in probabilistic fatigue life assessment of double-layer mesh-reinforced LCCs, whereas for single-layer reinforced LCCs, both models could be used at a fair confidence level.
Optimum Selection of Variable Pitch for Chatter Suppression in Face Milling Operations
Authors: Iglesias Alex , Dombovari Zoltan , Gonzalez German , Munoa Jokin , Stepan Gabor
Published: December 2018

Cutting capacity can be seriously limited in heavy duty face milling processes due to self-excited structural vibrations. Special geometry tools and, specifically, variable pitch milling tools have been extensively used in aeronautic applications with the purpose of removing these detrimental chatter vibrations, where high frequency chatter related to slender tools or thin walls limits productivity. However, the application of this technique in heavy duty face milling operations has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, a method for the definition of the optimum angles between inserts is presented, based on the optimum pitch angle and the stabilizability diagrams. These diagrams are obtained through the brute force (BF) iterative method, which basically consists of an iterative maximization of the stability by using the semidiscretization method. From the observed results, hints for the selection of the optimum pitch pattern and the optimum values of the angles between inserts are presented. A practical application is implemented and the cutting performance when using an optimized variable pitch tool is assessed. It is concluded that with an optimum selection of the pitch, the material removal rate can be improved up to three times. Finally, the existence of two more different stability lobe families related to the saddle-node and flip type stability losses is demonstrated.
What’s Happening on the Other Side? Revealing Nano-Meter Scale Features of Mammalian Cells on Engineered Textured Tantalum Surfaces
Authors: Tsui Ting Y. , Logan Megan , Moussa Hassan I. , Aucoin Marc G.
Published: December 2018

Advanced engineered surfaces can be used to direct cell behavior. These behaviors are typically characterized using either optical, atomic force, confocal, or electron microscopy; however, most microscopic techniques are generally restricted to observing what’s happening on the “top” side or even the interior of the cell. Our group has focused on engineered surfaces typically reserved for microelectronics as potential surfaces to control cell behavior. These devices allow the exploration of novel substrates including titanium, tungsten, and tantalum intermixed with silicon oxide. Furthermore, these devices allow the exploration of the intricate patterning of surface materials and surface geometries i.e., trenches. Here we present two important advancements in our research: (1) the ability to split a fixed cell through the nucleus using an inexpensive three-point bend micro-cleaving technique and image 3D nanometer scale cellular components using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy; and (2) the observation of nanometer projections from the underbelly of a cell as it sits on top of patterned trenches on our devices. This application of a 3-point cleaving technique to visualize the underbelly of the cell is allowing a new understanding of how cells descend into surface cavities and is providing a new insight on cell migration mechanisms.
Effect of Agriculture and Construction Wastes on the Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Mortar with Tourmaline Powder
Authors: Chen Xue-Fei , Kou Shi-Cong , Xing Feng
Published: December 2018

This research attempted to develop an environmentally-friendly functional building mortar by the combined use of agriculture wastes (agro-wastes) and construction wastes in magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC). The agro-wastes referred to corn stalk (CS) and saw dust (SD), which were used to improve the flexural properties of host cementitious material, whilst the construction wastes referred to recycled clay brick powder (CBP), which was employed to enhance compressive strength and water resistance. Moreover, tourmaline powder (TP) was added as a negative ion-inducing admixture, at a fixed dosage of 10% by weight of MgO, to bestow air-improving functions on the end products. Results showed the flexural strength of MOC was enhanced by the addition of CS and SD. Besides, the incorporation of CBP improved the water resistance in a dosage-dependent way. In addition, the specimens containing CS and SD also had better negative ion-inducing performance due to their higher porosity. Overall, the study provided a feasible and attractive approach to recycle agro- and construction wastes for the production of air purifying mortar. The developed mortar possesses an eco-friendly nature (simultaneous reuse of various waste materials and improvement of the air quality).
A Comparative Study on the Direct and Pulsed Current Electrodeposition of Cobalt-Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Application
Authors: Lin Wei-Chun , Chuang Chun-Chao , Wang Pin-Ting , Tang Cheng-Ming
Published: December 2018

Hydroxyapatite has excellent biocompatibility and osteo-conductivity and, as the main inorganic component of human bones and teeth, is commonly used for bone repair. Its original characteristics can be changed by metal ion substitution. Cobalt ions can act as hypoxia-inducible factors and accelerate bone repair. At the same time, cobalt has paramagnetic properties and is often used in the study of medical imaging and target drugs. Through the introduction of cobalt ions, the unique hydroxyapatite has better biological activity and positioning of medical images. Herein, cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite (CoHA) was synthesized on the surface of a titanium plate by electrochemical deposition and changes in the power output mode to explore the impact on CoHA. Electrochemical deposition with a pulse current significantly improved the productivity and uniformity of CoHA on the surface of titanium. CoHA show paramagnetic characteristics by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Resulting smaller particle size and circular morphology improves the magnetic strength of CoHA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CoHA showed significant image contrast effect at low concentrations. The calculated particle relaxation rate was higher than other common MRI contrast agents. Biocompatibility of CoHA powder was evaluated using the human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) which confirmed that CoHA is not cytotoxic and can promote cell growth and extracellular matrix mineralization. With the release of cobalt ions, CoHA was found to be significantly good in repression E. coli indicating about than 95% reduction in bacterial growth. The as-synthesized CoHA has a low degree of crystallinity, highly sensitive image contrast effect, and good bioactivity, and may have potential applications in bone repair and MRI.
Some New Classes of Preinvex Functions and Inequalities
Authors: Noor Muhammad Aslam , Noor Khalida Inayat , Rashid Saima
Published: December 2018

In this article, we introduce some new class of preinvex functions involving two arbitrary auxiliary functions. We derive some new integral inequalities for these classes of preinvex functions. We also discuss some special cases which can be deduced from our main results.
Quaternionic Blaschke Group
Authors: Pap Margit , Schipp Ferenc
Published: December 2018

In the complex case, the Blaschke group was introduced and studied. It turned out that in the complex case this group plays important role in the construction of analytic wavelets and multiresolution analysis in different analytic function spaces. The extension of the wavelet theory to quaternion variable function spaces would be very beneficial in the solution of many problems in physics. A first step in this direction is to give the quaternionic analogue of the Blaschke group. In this paper we introduce the quaternionic Blaschke group and we study the properties of this group and its subgroups.