bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of 5-HTergic neuron activation in the rapid antidepressant-like effects of hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919) in mice
Authors: Li Guang-Xiang , Yan Jiao-Zhao , Sun Sun-Rui , Hou Xiao-Juan , Yin Yong-Yu , Li Yun-Feng
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and disabling mental health condition; the currently available treatments for MDD are insufficient to meet clinical needs due to their limited efficacy and slow onset of action. Hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919) is a sigma-1 receptor agonist and a novel fast-acting antidepressant that is currently under clinical development.

Methods

To further understand the fast-acting antidepressant activity of YL-0919, this study focused on the role of 5-HTergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in mice. Using fiber photometry to assess neural activity in vivo and two behavioral assays (tail suspension test and forced swimming test) to evaluate antidepressant-like activity.

Results

It was found that 3 or 7 days of YL-0919 treatment significantly activated serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the DRN and had significant antidepressant-like effects on mouse behaviors. Chemogenetic inhibition of 5-HTergic neurons in the DRN significantly blocked the antidepressant-like effect of YL-0919. In addition, YL-0919 treatment significantly increased the 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These changes were drastically different from those of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine, which suggested that the antidepressant-like effects of the two compounds were mechanistically different.

Conclusion

Together, these results reveal a novel role of 5-HTergic neurons in the DRN in mediating the fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of YL-0919, revealing that these neurons are potential novel targets for the development of fast-acting antidepressants for the clinical management of MDD.
Efficacy and patient-reported outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving aumolertinib as first-line therapy: a real-world study
Authors: Li Hongxin , Zhao Wen , Chang Caiyun , Xuan Tiantian , Wang Chengjun , Zhang Rongyu , Yang Chuang , Wang Jian , Yi Cuihua , Wang Xiuwen , Yu Shuwen , Li Jisheng
Published: September 2024

Background

Aumolertinib demonstrated superior progression-free survival (PFS) and a well-tolerated toxicity profile compared to gefitinib in front-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the AENEAS trial. However, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of aumolertinib have not been published.

Methods

In this real-world study, the efficacy was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.0. PROs were evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (QLQ-C30) and the EORTC Quality of Life lung cancer-specific module (QLQ-LC13) in advanced NSCLC patients receiving aumolertinib as initial therapy. Pre-specified key symptoms were cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, sore mouth or tongue, dysphagia, hair loss, tingling in hands or feet, chest pain, arm or shoulder pain, and pain at other sites.

Results

A total of 33 patients were included, 23 of whom had efficacy information up to January 2024. The median follow-up time was 264 days (interval: 36–491 days). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 65.2% and 91.3%, respectively. The EORTC QLQ-LC30 general health status scale showed that functional scales increased and symptom scales decreased during aumolertinib treatment. Symptom scales assessed by the EORTC QLQ-LC13 showed that improvements in cough, sore mouth or tongue, tingling in hands or feet, chest pain, arm or shoulder pain, and other pain sites were both clinically and statistically significant after 6 months of aumolertinib treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In this real-world study, aumolertinib showed comparable disease control and objective response rates as reported in the AENEAS trial for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations. Aumolertinib treatment improved PROs, further supporting it in first-line clinical practice.
Role of naringin in the treatment of atherosclerosis
Authors: Lu Yan , Li De-Hong , Xu Ji-Mei , Zhou Sheng
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major pathological basis of coronary heart disease. However, the currently available medications are unable to effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in the majority of patients with AS. Therefore, naringin has been attracting considerable attention owing to its anti-AS effects. Naringin can inhibit the growth, proliferation, invasion, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, ameliorate endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis, lower blood pressure, halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and impede growth via its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. These activities suggest the potential anti-AS effects of naringin. In this review article, we comprehensively summarized the latest findings on the anti-AS effects of naringin and their underlying mechanisms, providing a crucial reference for future research on the anti-AS potential of this agent.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on craving in substance use disorders (SUD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cuocina Micol , Aiello Giuseppe , Cutrufelli Pierfelice , Rampello Martina , Rapisarda Laura , Rodolico Alessandro , Cantarella Giuseppina , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Bernardini Renato
Published: September 2024

Background

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) appears promising as a treatment in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) as it helps rebalance glutamate levels in the central nervous system (CNS). Basal concentrations of glutamate are indeed reduced in SUD patients but increased during craving.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We assessed whether NAC reduce craving rating as compared to a placebo in SUD patients. Secondary outcomes were withdrawal symptoms (WS), side effects (SE) and drop-outs. Estimates are presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Eleven RCTs were included. NAC reduced craving rating (SMD -0.61 (−1.17, −0.06), p = 0.03, I2 = 85%), with no differences in the subgroup analysis according to the drug addiction (alcohol, cocaine, poly-drugs, amphetamine, nicotine) (p = 0.98). Among the secondary outcomes, for WS data showed no significant difference between groups (SMD -0.18 (−0.43, 0.08), p = 0.17); for SE no substantial difference was observed between the two treatment groups (RR = 1.06 (0.89–1.27), p = 0.52, I2 = 0%); for dropouts the results are in favor of the placebo but no statistically significant (RR 1.17 (0.85, 1.61), p = 0.34; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

NAC seem to reduce craving rating in SUD patients, but evidence is weak. More studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Glomerular injury induced by vinyl carbamate in A/J inbred mice: a novel model of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: Gong Athena Y. , Qiao Ying Jin , Chen Mengxuan , Alam Zubia , Malhotra Deepak K. , Dworkin Lance , Ju Wenjun , Gunning William T.
Published: September 2024

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a process contaminant found in fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. Metabolic conversion of ethyl carbamate generates vinyl carbamate (VC), a carcinogenic metabolite. EC, as a Group 2A probable human carcinogen, and the more potent VC, are known to cause tumors in rodents. However, their effects on the kidney are unknown and were explored here. Female A/J inbred mice received an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or VC. Beginning 5 weeks after VC injection, mice showed signs of moribund state. Mouse necropsies revealed renal glomerular injury that histopathologically recapitulated human membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), as evidenced by light microscopy, immunostaining for immunoglobulins and complements, and electron microscopy. To determine the molecular pathomechanisms, a post-hoc analysis was performed on a publicly available RNA-Seq transcriptome of kidneys from control rats and rats treated with fermented wine containing high concentrations of EC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the complement and coagulation cascades were a top predicted biological process involved. Furthermore, pathway-based data integration and visualization revealed that key regulators of complement activation were altered by high EC treatment. Among these, complement factors (CF) D and H, critical positive and negative regulators of the alternative pathway, respectively, were most affected, with CFD induced by 3.49-fold and CFH repressed by 5.9-fold, underscoring a hyperactive alternative pathway. Consistently, exposure of primary glomerular endothelial cells to EC or VC resulted in induction of CFD and repression of CFH, accompanied by increased fixation of C3 and C5b9. This effect seems to be mediated by Ras, one of the top genes that interact with both EC and VC, as identified by analyzing the chemical-gene/protein interactions database. Indeed, EC or VC-elicited complement activation was associated with activation of Ras signaling, but was abolished by the Ras inhibitor farnesyl thiosalicylic acid. Collectively, our findings suggest that VC, a metabolite of EC, induces glomerular injury in mice akin to human MPGN, possibly via perturbing the expression of complement regulators, resulting in an effect that favors activation of the alternative complement pathway.
Spatio-temporal mapping of leaf area index in rice: spectral indices and multi-scale texture comparison derived from different sensors
Authors: Li Changming , Teng Xing , Tan Yong , Zhang Yong , Zhang Hongchen , Xiao Dan , Luo Shanjun
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Monitoring the leaf area index (LAI), which is directly related to the growth status of rice, helps to optimize and meet the crop’s fertilizer requirements for achieving high quality, high yield, and environmental sustainability. The remote sensing technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has great potential in precision monitoring applications in agriculture due to its efficient, nondestructive, and rapid characteristics. The spectral information currently widely used is susceptible to the influence of factors such as soil background and canopy structure, leading to low accuracy in estimating the LAI in rice.

Methods

In this paper, the RGB and multispectral images of the critical period were acquired through rice field experiments. Based on the remote sensing images above, the spectral indices and texture information of the rice canopy were extracted. Furthermore, the texture information of various images at multiple scales was acquired through resampling, which was utilized to assess the estimation capacity of LAI.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the spectral indices (SI) based on RGB and multispectral imagery saturated in the middle and late stages of rice, leading to low accuracy in estimating LAI. Moreover, multiscale texture analysis revealed that the texture of multispectral images derived from the 680 nm band is less affected by resolution, whereas the texture of RGB images is resolution dependent. The fusion of spectral and texture features using random forest and multiple stepwise regression algorithms revealed that the highest accuracy in estimating LAI can be achieved based on SI and texture features (0.48 m) from multispectral imagery. This approach yielded excellent prediction results for both high and low LAI values. With the gradual improvement of satellite image resolution, the results of this study are expected to enable accurate monitoring of rice LAI on a large scale.
Mapping gender role stress scales utilities: a scoping review approach
Authors: Aguilera Aitana , Villanueva-Moya Laura , Expósito Francisca
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Gender role stress emerges as a concept to try to explain the health difficulties presented by men and women due to gender socialization. Thus, gender role stress arises when individuals feel stressed due to their perceived inability to fulfill the demands of their gender role, or when they believe that a particular situation necessitates behavior traditionally attributed to the opposite gender. To evaluate the presence of gender role stress in individuals, two scales were developed: the masculine gender role stress scale and the feminine gender role scale.

Objective

To identify the main thematic areas studied in the behavioral sciences with the feminine gender role stress scale (FGRSS) and the masculine gender role stress scale (MGRSS) as main variables, specifically examining their contributions to the understanding of the attitudes and behaviors of individuals who are affected by gender role stress. We also aimed to analyze the difference, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in terms of scientific literature produced between the scales.

Method

We followed the preferred items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using systematic techniques, resulting in the inclusion of 87 articles utilizing either of the two scales.

Results

80% (n = 72) of the articles employed the MGRSS, while 20% (n = 18) utilized the FGRSS. The MGRSS articles were also the most frequently cited in the literature. The FGRSS has been predominantly used to examine the implications for women’s well-being, whereas the MGRSS has primarily been employed to predict disruptive behaviors in men.

Conclusion

This scoping review highlights disparities in the scientific literature concerning the examination of feminine and masculine gender role stress and its consequences for people. Specifically, it points out the limited investigation into feminine gender role stress and its ramifications compared to masculine gender role stress. These findings indicates the lack of a gender perspective even in research intended to study it, and outline the importance of more research with a gender perspective where women are the aim of study.
The efficacy of personalized psychological interventions in adolescents: a scoping review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li William , Gleeson John , Fraser Madeleine I. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Hofmann Stefan G. , Hayes Steven C. , Sahdra Baljinder
Published: September 2024

This review compared the efficacy of personalized psychological interventions to standardized interventions for adolescents. We conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared personalized interventions with standardized interventions in adolescents. Data was analyzed using Bayesian multilevel random effects meta-analysis. Eligible studies were identified through five databases: Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Moderation analysis was conducted to explain potential sources of effect size heterogeneity. Eight studies across 13 articles (participant N = 2,490) met inclusion criteria for the review with seven studies across 10 articles (N = 1,347) providing sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A small but significant effect size favoring personalized interventions was found (d = 0.21, 95% CrI [0.02, 0.39]), indicating that personalized interventions are associated with superior treatment outcomes compared to standardized interventions. Moderate between-study heterogeneity was found (I2 = 53.3%). There was no evidence of publication bias. The review also found significant variation in methods of treatment personalization. This review provides evidence that personalization of adolescent psychological interventions is an effective way to improve treatment outcomes. Given the large number of adolescents worldwide who will experience some sort of mental health problem, personalization could have a significantly large impact on global mental health outcomes.

Systematic review registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XRNCG.
Can periodontitis affect the COVID-19 severity, symptoms, hospital stay, and mortality? A case–control study
Authors: Macherla Shravya , Chopra Aditi , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Das Rajat Subra , Garg Rupesh
Published: September 2024

Background/purpose

Poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease have been identified as potential risk factors for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study aimed to determine the association between periodontitis and COVID-19 severity, nature of symptoms, mortality, and hospital stay.

Methods

In total, 163 COVID-19-positive patients (men: 93; women: 70) were categorized into two groups: the control group, consisting of 120 patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and the case group, consisting of 43 patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms. The severity of periodontal disease, oral hygiene status (OHI), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), number of decayed/missing/filled teeth, mortality, duration of stay in the hospital, oxygen requirement, and nature of COVID-19 symptoms were assessed in both groups. The association between periodontitis and COVID-19 was analyzed with other confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, oral hygiene, and smoking status.

Results

The presence of periodontitis increases the severity of COVID-19 by 3.7 times (p = 0.002). A statistically significant difference was noted for symptoms such as dizziness (p = 0.036), running nose/cold (p = 0.009), and headache (p = 0.005) in the presence of periodontitis. The risk estimate for death associated with periodontitis was 1.03. Additionally, the average duration of stay was longer for individuals with periodontitis than for those in the control group.

Conclusion

There is a positive association between periodontal disease and COVID-19. Periodontitis increases the severity of COVID-19 and alters the symptoms. Hence, periodontal disease management should be an integral part of managing patients with coronavirus infection.
Adult day services: a potential antidote to social isolation and loneliness in marginalized older adults
Authors: Sadarangani Tina , Fernandez Cajavilca Moroni , Qi Xiang , Zagorski William
Published: September 2024

Loneliness and social isolation affect more than 1 in 4 community-dwelling older adults in the United States, who may also require long-term care support. Despite being seen as a solution to the long-term care crisis, most older adults prefer to age in place rather than using skilled nursing facilities. However, in-home care is unsustainable due to a shortage of direct care workers and may exacerbate social isolation by confining older adults to their homes. Adult Day Services (ADS) addresses both issues. ADS provides care to adults with physical, functional, and or cognitive limitations in non-residential, congregate, community-based settings. ADS also provides daily cognitive and physical stimulation, often with medical support, in a social and supported environment, centered around the needs and preferences of participants. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly 5,000 ADS centers were widely available. However, with limited public support, the ADS industry has struggled as demand by the growing number of older adults and families need health and social support. The ADS industry must be recognized for its unique ability to buffer social isolation and loneliness in chronically ill older adults while serving as an effective platform for chronic disease management. This perspective piece highlights the critical role of ADS centers in reducing loneliness and social isolation and promoting healthy equity. We also explore the benefits of ADS, the financial, policy, and societal barriers to utilizing ADS, and the potential solutions to ensure its sustainability and growth.
Simulated real-world feasibility and feedback session for a lift assistance device, Raymex™: a mixed-method descriptive study
Authors: Kalu Michael , Chaston Andrew , Alizadehsaravi Niousha , Veras Mirella , McArthur Caitlin
Published: September 2024

Background

Fall risk and incidence increase with age, creating significant physical and mental burden for the individual and their care provider. Lift assistive devices are used in multiple healthcare facilities, but are generally not portable nor self-operational, limiting their use outside of medical supervision. The Raymex™ lift is a novel lift assistance device within a rollator to address these limitations. We aim to gather user-centered feedback on the Raymex™ lift, set up instructions, safety protocols to improve feasibility and usability, and explore the potential usability as a fall recovery or prevention device.

Methods

Four older adults, two informal caregivers and 16 formal caregivers (clinicians and continuing care assistants) participated in a focus group. Participants provided feedback on the Raymex™ lift after viewing a demonstration and using the device. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysized using thematic and descriptive analysis respectively.

Results

Participants highlighted three major themes: (1) Design features requiring improvement, (2) Positive feedback and suggestions to optimize the Raymex™ lift and (3) Pricing vs. social utility. Participants suggested widening the seat, changing the braking button layout, and lowering the device weight to improve usability. Participants believed the main device feature was fall recovery and had implications for social utility by reducing the need for ambulance visits to the home. Price point led to a concern on affordability for older adults.

Conclusion

The feedback gained will advance the development of the Raymex™ lift and may highlight cost-effective design choices for other developers creating related aging assistive technologies.
Impact of mulching treatments on growth, yields, and economics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Eastern Tanzania
Authors: Ramadhani Ahamed Mwarabu , Nassary Eliakira Kisetu , Rwehumbiza Filbert B. , Massawe Boniface H. J. , Nchimbi-Msolla Susan
Published: September 2024

Mulching is a widely used agricultural practice that can significantly affect crop growth, yield, and economic outcomes, particularly in regions with varying climatic conditions. The present study evaluated the influence of various mulching practices on the growth, yield, and economic viability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation in Tanzania. The study was conducted across three sites in the eastern agro-ecological zone of Tanzania: Kipera (E4 200–1000 m.a.s.l.), Mgeta (E14 500–000 m.a.s.l.), and Ndole (E2 500–1200 m.a.s.l.). Four mulching treatments—polythene mulch, synthetic biodegradable mulch, rice husk mulch, and a control group—were applied to assess their effects on plant growth and yield components. Results revealed significant variations in growth parameters and yield components across sites. Notably, polythene mulch and synthetic biodegradable mulch consistently outperformed the other treatments. Polythene mulch resulted in an average plant height of 68.37 cm, followed closely by synthetic biodegradable mulch at 68.26 cm, both significantly (p < 0.05) taller than rice husk mulch (62.79 cm) and the control (57.74 cm). Canopy coverage was highest with polythene mulch at 61.7%, followed by synthetic biodegradable mulch at 60.5%. Grain yields did not differ significantly between synthetic biodegradable mulch (2.64 t ha−1) and polythene mulch (2.67 t ha−1). Economic analysis indicated that synthetic biodegradable mulch offers promising marginal returns (MR: Tshs. 3,787,450 or USD 1,469) and a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.91, compared to polythene mulch (MR: Tshs. 4,114,050 or USD 1,595, BCR: 2.06). These findings suggest that synthetic biodegradable mulch is a sustainable and economically viable option for enhancing common bean production across diverse agro-ecological settings in Tanzania.
Research Trends in Communication and Tourism: A Systematic Review and a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Salgado Moreno Angie Lorena , Forero Jorge Alexander Mora , Revilla Raquel García , Moure Olga Martinez
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to analyze research trends in communication and tourism through a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the academic literature in order to identify patterns, areas of interest and possible gaps in knowledge, thus contributing to the understanding and development of these interdisciplinary fields. The methodology includes a bibliometric analysis performed with the R Core Team 2022-Bibliometrix software 4.2.3, in addition to the use of VOSviewer software 1.6.20 and a systematic review of the Scopus and Web of Science databases to analyze the most researched topics, authors, their affiliations, countries, most influential publications, keywords and trends. The results of this research are a valuable contribution to the literature and the scientific community by providing a comprehensive and relevant analysis of the current landscape of communication and tourism research. To conclude, this analysis promotes a deeper understanding of the theoretical and conceptual framework of the studies published to date, which is essential for enriching the academic debate on trends in communication and tourism research.
Experimental Investigation of Rotor Noise in Reverse Non-Axial Inflow
Authors: Hanson Liam , Trascinelli Leone , Zang Bin , Azarpeyvand Mahdi
Published: September 2024

This paper experimentally characterises the far-field noise emissions of a rotor operating in reverse non-axial inflow conditions. Specifically, experiments were undertaken at a range of rotor tilting angles and inflow velocities to investigate the effects of negative tilting on rotor acoustics and their correlation with aerodynamic performance. The results show that the forces and moments experienced by the rotor blades change significantly with increasing inflow velocity and increasing negative tilting angle. Correspondingly, distinct modifications to the far-field acoustic spectra are observed for the negatively tilted rotor when compared to the edgewise condition, with the broadband noise content notably increasing. Moreover, for a given tilting angle, the broadband noise component is accentuated with increasing inflow velocity, similar to when the negative tilting angle is increased. With reference to the flow-field surveys conducted in the literature and a preliminary in-house flow measurement, the increase in broadband content can possibly be attributed to the heightened level of ingestion of blade self-turbulence, i.e., the ingestion of turbulent wake generated by the upstream portion of the rotor by the downstream portion. At lower inflow velocities, the magnitude of the blade passing frequency at each of the observer angles is found to change minimally with negative tilt. In contrast, at higher inflow velocities, the directivity pattern and intensity of both the blade passing frequency and the overall sound pressure level are shown to change with increases in magnitude, particularly at downstream observer locations with negative tilt. These findings have important ramifications for the design and suitable operational profile of aerial vehicles for future urban air mobility applications.
A Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation of the Trailing Edge Stall Process of a LS0417 Airfoil
Authors: Shi Wenbo , Zhang Heng , Li Yuanxiang
Published: September 2024

A Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation (ZDES) based on the SST turbulence model is implemented to the numerical investigation of the trailing edge stall of a LS-0417 airfoil, which includes multiple DES modes for different classifications of flow separation and adopts the subgrid scale definition of Δω. The entire stall process under a series of AOA is simulated according to the experiment condition. The performance of URANS and ZDES in the prediction of the stall flow field are compared. The results reveal that the stall point obtained through ZDES is consistent with the experiment; the deviation of the predicted maximum lift coefficient from the measured result is only 0.8%, while the maximum lift is overpredicted by both RANS and URANS. The high frequency fluctuations are observed in the time history of the lift in ZDES result during stall. With the increase in the AOA, a mild development of separation and a gradual decrease in leading edge peak suction are manifested in the ZDES result. The alternate shedding of shear layers and the interference between the leading edge and trailing edge vortices are illustrated through ZDES near the stall point; the corresponding turbulent fluctuations with high intensity are captured in the separation region, which indicates the essential difference in the prediction of stall process between URANS and ZDES.
Study on the Test and Adjustment Method of Civil Aircraft Taxiing Deviation
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Chen Yong , Xu Yongxiang , Jiang Yimin
Published: September 2024

Civil aircrafts are highly complex systems. During the manufacturing process, deviations can occur due to cumulative errors in installation, system control, and other factors. These deviations often lead to the phenomenon of aircraft “runaway” during ground taxiing, taking off, and landing. Corrective maneuvers to address this issue not only increase the pilot’s workload but also heighten the risk of aircraft deviation from the runway. Therefore, accurately testing and aligning the side deviation angle of an aircraft is crucial for ensuring safe operations. In this paper, we first construct a mathematical model of aircraft dynamics and derive a simplified mathematical model specifically designed for aircraft trimming tests. Next, a ground taxiing trimming test is conducted to verify the accuracy of this simplified model. Additionally, we investigate the crosswind factor, which has the greatest impact on side deviation measurements, to establish the relationship between the crosswind factor and the nose wheel trimming angle. Based on this, we innovatively propose a method for achieving aircraft trimming through the equivalent trimming angle of the nose wheel. Ultimately, this approach allows aircraft trimming to be achieved with a single taxiing side deviation test, which will reduce the cost of flight tests and normal operation of the airplane when finding taxiing deviation. The method innovatively proposed in this paper offers an efficient and accurate solution for aircraft trimming tests and adjustments, significantly reducing the cost of such tests and improving the safety of civil aircraft.
Computational Techniques for Analysis of Thermal Images of Pigs and Characterization of Heat Stress in the Rearing Environment
Authors: Alves Maria de Fátima Araújo , Pandorfi Héliton , Soares Rodrigo Gabriel Ferreira , Almeida Gledson Luiz Pontes de , Santana Taize Calvacante , Silva Marcos Vinícius da
Published: September 2024

Heat stress stands out as one of the main elements linked to concerns related to animal thermal comfort. This research aims to develop a sequential methodology for the extraction of automatic characteristics from thermal images and the classification of heat stress in pigs by means of machine learning. Infrared images were obtained from 18 pigs housed in air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned pens. The image analysis consisted of its pre-processing, followed by color segmentation to isolate the region of interest and later the extraction of the animal’s surface temperatures, from a developed algorithm and later the recognition of the comfort pattern through machine learning. The results indicated that the automated color segmentation method was able to identify the region of interest with an average accuracy of 88% and the temperature extraction differed from the Therma Cam program by 0.82 °C. Using a Vector Support Machine (SVM), the research achieved an accuracy rate of 80% in the automatic classification of pigs in comfort and thermal discomfort, with an accuracy of 91%, indicating that the proposal has the potential to monitor and evaluate the thermal comfort of pigs effectively.
Facial Recognition Using Hidden Markov Model and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Razzaq Saqlain , Bhowmike Nirman , Farooq Azib , Zahid Muhammad , Shoaib Sultan
Published: September 2024

Face recognition (FR) uses a passive approach to person authentication that avoids face-to-face contact. Among different FR techniques, most FR approaches place little emphasis on reducing powerful cryptography and instead concentrate on increasing recognition rates. In this paper, we have proposed the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models for FR by using ORL and Yale datasets. Facial images from the given data sets are divided into 3 portions, 4 portions, 5 portions, and 6 portions corresponding to their respective HMM hidden states being used in the HMM model. Quantized levels of eigenvalues and eigenvector coefficients of overlapping blocks of facial images define the observation states of the HMM model. For image selection and rejection, a threshold is calculated using singular value decomposition (SVD). After training HMM on 3 states HMM, 4 states HMM, 5 states HMM, and 6 states HMM, the recognition accuracies are 96.5%, 98.5%, 98.5%, and 99.5%, respectively, on the ORL database and 90.6667%, 94.6667%, 94.6667%, and 94.6667% on the Yale database. The CNN model uses convolutional layers, a max-pooling layer, a flattening layer, a dense layer, and a dropout layer. Relu is used as the activation function in all layers except in the last layer, where softmax is used as the activation function. Cross entropy is used as a loss function, and we have used the Adam optimizer in our proposed algorithm. The proposed CNN model has given 100% training and testing accuracy on the ORL data set. While using the Yale data set, the CNN model has a training accuracy of 100% and a testing accuracy of 85.71%. In this paper, our proposed model showed that the HMM model is cost-effective with lesser accuracy, while the CNN model is more accurate as compared to HMM but has a higher computational cost.
Plasma Biochemistry, Intestinal Health, and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Why Laying Hens Produce Translucent Eggs
Authors: Du Yuanjun , Hao Dan , Liu Wei , Liu Wei , Li Dapeng , Lei Qiuxia , Zhou Yan , Liu Jie , Cao Dingguo , Wang Jie , Sun Yan , Chen Fu , Han Haixia , Li Fuwei
Published: September 2024

Producing translucent eggs has been found to reduce the quality and safety of the eggs, as well as the demand from consumers. However, the intestinal function and the molecular mechanism for the production of translucent eggs remain uncertain. A total of 120 eggs from 276-day-old Jining Bairi were divided into two groups based on eggshell translucence: the translucent egg group (group T) and the normal group (group C). Group T exhibited thicker eggshells and a lower egg yolk color. Subsequently, we divided the chickens into translucent and normal groups based on their egg quality. We then assessed the plasma biochemical index, intestinal morphology and structure, enzyme activity, and antioxidant capacity of the hens producing translucent eggs compared to those producing normal eggs. The results showed that the ratio of duodenal villus length to crypt depth, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, chymotrypsin, total ATPase (T-ATPase), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were decreased in the hens produced translucent eggs (p < 0.05), but malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased (p < 0.05); jejunal lipase activity, Na+K+-ATPase activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and GSH-Px activities were decreased (p < 0.05) in group T; ileal amylase and Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase activities were also decreased (p < 0.05) in group T. In addition, we identified a total of 471 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in duodenal tissue, with 327 up-regulated genes and 144 down-regulated genes (|log2FC| ≥ 1 and p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes, such as GSTT1, GSTO2, and GSTA3, were mostly enriched in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. The results of our study indicate that plasma lipid metabolism disorder, decreased intestinal antioxidant capacity, and altered intestinal metabolism capabilities may influence the formation of translucent eggs.
Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and miRNA-22 Regulation of Kruppel-Like Factor (KLF) Gene Family in Chicken (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Ma Zheng , Chu Huangbin , Li Fapei , Han Guochao , Cai Yingqiu , Yi Jianing , Lu Mingrou , Xiang Hai , Kang Huimin , Ye Fei , Chen Siyu , Li Hua
Published: September 2024

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a class of fundamental transcription factors that are widely present in various eukaryotes from nematodes to humans, named after their DNA binding domain which is highly homologous to the Krüppel factor in fruit flies. To investigate the composition, organization, and evolutionary trajectory of KLF gene family members in chickens, in our study, we leveraged conserved sequences of KLF genes from representative classes across fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals as foundational sequences. Bioinformatic tools were employed to perform homology alignment on the chicken genome database, ultimately identifying the KLF family members present in chickens. The gene structure, phylogenetic analysis, conserved base sequences, physicochemical properties, collinearity analysis, and protein structure were then analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Additionally, the impact of miRNA-22, related to poultry lipid metabolism, on the expression of the KLF gene family in the liver, heart, and muscle of Qingyuan partridge chickens was explored. The results showed that: (1) compared to fish, the KLF family in birds is more closely related to mammals and amphibians; (2) KLFs within the same subgroups are likely to be derived from a common ancestral gene duplication; (3) KLF3/8/12 in the same subgroup may have some similar or overlapping functions; (4) the motif 4 of KLF5 was most likely lost during evolution; (5) KLF9 may perform a similar function in chickens and pigs; (6) there are collinear relationships between certain KLF genes, indicating that there are related biomolecular functions between these KLF genes; (7) all members of the KLF family in chickens are non-transmembrane proteins; and (8) interference and overexpression of miRNA-22 in Qingyuan partridge chickens can affect the expression levels of KLF genes in liver, heart, and muscle.
Embryonic Leucine Promotes Early Postnatal Growth via mTOR Signalling in Japanese Quails
Authors: Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Reda Gebrehaweria K. , Csernus Brigitta , Knop Renáta , Lugata James K. , Szabó Csaba , Lendvai Ádám Z. , Czeglédi Levente
Published: September 2024

Nutritional cues during embryonic development can alter developmental trajectories and affect postnatal growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which nutrients influence avian growth remain largely unknown. Amino acids can directly interact with the nutrient-sensing pathways, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which are known to regulate growth. We examined the effects of embryonic leucine on gene expression and phenotypic growth in Japanese quails by injecting 2.5 mg leucine or saline (control) into Japanese quail eggs on the tenth day of incubation and incubating them under standard conditions. The treatment groups had similar hatching success and size at hatching. However, between 3 and 7 days post-hatching, quails treated with embryonic leucine showed increased growth in body mass and wing, tarsus, head, and intestinal lengths, lasting up to 21 days. The hepatic expression of IGF1, IGF1R, mTOR, and RPS6K1 was upregulated in leucine-treated quails, while the expression of FOXO1 remained unaffected. In conclusion, a subtle increase in embryonic leucine may induce developmental programming effects in Japanese quail by interacting with the IGF-1/mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway to promote growth. This study highlights the role of embryonic amino acids as crucial nutrients for enhancing growth. It provides valuable insight into nutrient intervention strategies during embryonic development to potentially improve poultry growth performance.
Generation of RAG2 Knockout Immune-Deficient Miniature Pigs
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Feiyan , Jiao Deling , Yang Chang , Wang Junqi , Wang Fengchong , Zhao Heng , Wei Hong-Jiang , Zhao Hong-Ye
Published: September 2024

Recombination-activating genes (RAGs) play a crucial role in the V(D)J recombination process and the development of immune cells. The development of the immune system and its mechanisms in pigs exhibit greater similarity to those of humans compared to other animals, thus rendering pigs a valuable tool for biomedical research. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer technology to generate RAG2 knockout (KO) pigs. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of RAG2 KO on the immune organs and immune cell development through morphological observations, blood analysis and flow cytometry technology. RAG2 KO cell lines were used as donors for cloning. The reconstructed embryos were transplanted into 4 surrogate sows, and after 116 days of gestation, 2 sows gave birth to 12 live piglets, all of which were confirmed to be RAG2 KO. The thymus and spleen sizes of RAG2 KO pigs were significantly smaller than those of wild-type (WT) pigs. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that the thymus and spleen tissue structures of RAG2 KO pigs were disorganized and lacked the characteristic structures, indicating that RAG2 KO leads to dysplasia of the thymus and spleen. Hematological analysis demonstrated that the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the circulation of RAG2 KO pigs was significantly lower, while the number of eosinophils was higher. Flow cytometry results indicated that the proportions of mature T and B lymphocytes were significantly reduced compared to WT pigs. These findings successfully verified the immunodeficiency phenotype of RAG2 KO pigs. This study may provide experimental animals for the development of tumor models and humanized animals.
The Effect of Different Storage Temperatures over Time on the pH of Mammary Gland Secretions in Periparturient Mares
Authors: Canisso Igor F. , Amorim Gabrielle B. A. G. , Magalhaes Humberto B.
Published: September 2024

The objectives of this study were (i) to determine pH and electrolyte concentrations in MGS collected prepartum and at parturition, (ii) to characterize mare milk pH during the first week postpartum, and (iii) to evaluate pre-foaling MGS pH at three storage temperatures. This study outlined two hypotheses: (i) all mares exhibit acidic pH, increased calcium, magnesium, and potassium, and reduced sodium concentrations regardless of prepartum pH and electrolytes; (ii) pre-foaling MGS pH varies with storage temperature and time in an initial value-dependent manner. Twenty-three multiparous mares were monitored daily from 320 days of gestation until parturition. Pre-foaling MGS was collected, and pH was immediately measured using a hand-held pH meter. Aliquots were preserved for further electrolyte analysis. Postpartum, samples from day −7 to 0 (day of foaling) were thawed, and electrolyte concentrations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) were determined. For the three storage temperatures, pH was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after storage, and hourly for 10 h post-collection. A range of pH 8 to 6.5 was included to avoid bias towards a specific pH value. The chosen pH groups were 8 (range 7.8–8.2), 7.5 (range 7.3–7.7), 7 (6.7–7.2), and 6.5 (6.2–6.6). Overall, storage temperature affects pH (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the majority of the mares had sodium–potassium inversion and acidic pH at foaling. Milk pH is neutral up to four days after foaling, becoming slightly alkaline afterwards, with undetermined clinical significance. The pH of MGS showed minimal variation across storage temperatures, except for pH ~7.5, which increased to ~8 post-storage. This study is the first to address these physiological and practical questions about MGS pH in periparturient mares.
Train Neural Networks with a Hybrid Method That Incorporates a Novel Simulated Annealing Procedure
Authors: Tsoulos Ioannis G. , Charilogis Vasileios , Tsalikakis Dimitrios
Published: September 2024

In this paper, an innovative hybrid technique is proposed for the efficient training of artificial neural networks, which are used both in class learning problems and in data fitting problems. This hybrid technique combines the well-tested technique of Genetic Algorithms with an innovative variant of Simulated Annealing, in order to achieve high learning rates for the neural networks. This variant was applied periodically to randomly selected chromosomes from the population of the Genetic Algorithm in order to reduce the training error associated with these chromosomes. The proposed method was tested on a wide series of classification and data fitting problems from the relevant literature and the results were compared against other methods. The comparison with other neural network training techniques as well as the statistical comparison revealed that the proposed method is significantly superior, as it managed to significantly reduce the neural network training error in the majority of the used datasets.
Improved Dipole Source Localization from Simultaneous MEG-EEG Data by Combining a Global Optimization Algorithm with a Local Parameter Search: A Brain Phantom Study
Authors: Bastola Subrat , Jahromi Saeed , Chikara Rupesh , Stufflebeam Steven M. , Ottensmeyer Mark P. , De Novi Gianluca , Papadelis Christos , Alexandrakis George
Published: September 2024

Dipole localization, a fundamental challenge in electromagnetic source imaging, inherently constitutes an optimization problem aimed at solving the inverse problem of electric current source estimation within the human brain. The accuracy of dipole localization algorithms is contingent upon the complexity of the forward model, often referred to as the head model, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of measurements. In scenarios characterized by low SNR, often corresponding to deep-seated sources, existing optimization techniques struggle to converge to global minima, thereby leading to the localization of dipoles at erroneous positions, far from their true locations. This study presents a novel hybrid algorithm that combines simulated annealing with the traditional quasi-Newton optimization method, tailored to address the inherent limitations of dipole localization under low-SNR conditions. Using a realistic head model for both electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), it is demonstrated that this novel hybrid algorithm enables significant improvements of up to 45% in dipole localization accuracy compared to the often-used dipole scanning and gradient descent techniques. Localization improvements are not only found for single dipoles but also in two-dipole-source scenarios, where sources are proximal to each other. The novel methodology presented in this work could be useful in various applications of clinical neuroimaging, particularly in cases where recordings are noisy or sources are located deep within the brain.