bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast-associated acute kidney injury in elderly; a mini-review on nursing prospectives
Authors: Hasanpour Dehkordi Ali , Mirfendereski Sam , Taheri Abdolmajid
Published: September 2021

Contrast medium is used daily for accurate and effective diagnostic procedures. They are often necessary to provide an exact diagnosis and are almost safe and effective when used correctly. However contrast media can sometimes be life-threatening especially in elderly, since the elderly suffer from several problems. Aging is frequently accompanied by chronic diseases like chronic renal failure, comorbidity, frailty and disability. Therefore, it is important to know how reactions to contrast agents manifest and how to manage them immediately. Decreased kidney functions are sometimes seen after intravenous contrast media injection therefore radiologists should monitor all stages of the contrast injection. Accordingly, the medical team should have information on the complications, prevention and care of the patients under contrast media.
Correlation between blood lead level and anemia in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Mohammadi Parisa , Azizi Jalilian Farid , Ahmadinia Hassan , Sheikh vida
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Studies show that blood lead level (BLL) is higher in hemodialysis patients than in healthy people. Lead can disrupt iron metabolism and hemoglobin synthesis and therefore it is regarded as a cause of anemia. Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between BLL and anemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 70 patients who had received hemodialysis at least for three months. The participants were selected randomly among eligible patients considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on their hemoglobin levels, the participants were divided into two groups, namely patients with anemia (case) and those without anemia (control). Results: The mean age of the participants in the case and control groups were 63.8±11.02 and 55.4±13.34 years, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups regarding hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythropoietin (EPo) levels (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between hemoglobin and ferritin levels in the case group and between the length of dialysis and serum iron level in the control group without anemia (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed no correlation between BLL and anemia, however the BLL was higher in those undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis. Our findings require further investigation with larger studies.
COVID-19 and the kidney; mechanisms of tubular injury by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chegini Rojin , Mojtahedi Zahra , Lakkakula Bhaskar VKS , Pezeshgi Aiyoub , Niazi Saniya , Nasri Hamid
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic, reported to cause asymptomatic to severe disease and eventually death. Multi-organ failure and death in patients with severe COVID-19 is associated with increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the blood stream. Renal impairment is reported in a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients and is associated with high mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is multifactorial and involving overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. This review updates the reader of recent publications dealing with the mechanisms underlying AKI in patients with COVID-19. A full understanding of all the possible ways in which the system plays its role in AKI is still a matter of research. Further studies are warranted to better understand the causes of AKI in COVID-19 patients.
Long-term effects of hyperproteic diet on functional renal reserve and natriuresis
Authors: Castillo Velarde Edwin R.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A hyperproteic diet normally results in acute changes in renal function evidenced by increases of natriuresis and glomerular filtration rate (renal functional reserve).Objectives: To assess the changes in natriuresis and creatinine clearance during 12 weeks on hyperproteic and hypersodic diet. Materials and Methods: Eighteen adults male Holtzman rats were included and the follow-up period was 12 weeks. The rats were initially distributed into three groups; hyperproteic diet (30%) from an animal source (n = 6), hyperproteic diet (30%) from a plant source (n = 6) and normoproteic diet (18%) from an animal source (n = 6). The diets were isocaloric, normosodic (0.25%). From week 8, each group was divided into three rats each and received a high-sodium (1.5%) and normosodic diet (0.25%) respectively. Results: The hyperproteic diet group (animal or plant vegetal source) had higher creatinine clearance than normoproteic diet (P < 0.05). The hyperproteic vegetal diet group had a peak with an increased renal functional reserve in 21% (P = 0.04). The natriuresis increased in the group on the animal-source diet during the first 2 weeks (P = 0.03). The group plant-source diet did not have significant change at the first week (P = 0.50); however, there was a subsequent decrease in the level of natriuresis between weeks 3 to 8. When the groups were exposed to a hypersodic diet, there was not difference in the natriuretic response between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A hyperproteic vegetal diet increased renal functional reserve but not natriuresis during an acute or long-term period; however, the natriuretic response was not impaired when a hypersodic diet was added, though hyperfiltration was present.
Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation and its related factors in Iranian patients: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Ramezanzadeh Elham , Tirbakhsh Azin , Monfared Ali , Khosravi Masoud , Lebadi Mohammadkazem , Motamed Behrang , Mokhtari Gholamreza , Kazemnezhad Leyli Ehsan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a metabolic complication following transplantation, which is associated with cardiovascular disease and leads to increased post-ttransplantation morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To identify the incidence of PTDM and its risk factors in kidney recipients at a single-center in Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 379 kidney recipients with a negative history of diabetes mellitus who underwent transplant before January 2017. PTDM was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Data on demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected. Kaplan-Mayer analysis was used to evaluate the cumulative incidence of PTDM. The association between risk factors and PTDM incidence was identified with stepwise Cox regression. Results: The cumulative incidence of PTDM during a 24-month follow-up was 30.1% (95% CI: 25.6-34.8). By univariate analysis, modifiable or non-modifiable risk factors for PTDM development included recipient age, body mass index (BMI), marital status, family history of diabetes, smoking, type of transplant, hepatitis C virus (HCV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), transplant rejection, TG, tacrolimus, cyclosporine and beta blocker. In this study, family history of diabetes, type of transplant, HCV, CMV, TG, tacrolimus, and beta blocker were predictors of development of PTDM in Cox proportional hazard models. Conclusion: The incidence of PTDM was high. Identification of risk factors determines appropriate strategies for PTDM incidence risk reduction.
The serum level of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody does not predict severity of proteinuria in primary membranous glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hajian Sepideh , Sarbazi-Golezari Ali , Samandari Nazanin
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2r) antibody is a marker in blood and has been recently reported that it is increased in patients with primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Objectives: To investigate the role of this receptor in severity of proteinuria in pMGN, we evaluated the relationship between serum levels of this receptor and proteinuria in patients with primary MGN. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on patients with primary MGN referring to the nephrology clinic in Qazvin province during 2016-2017. Serum level of anti-PLA2r and level of proteinuria before and after medical treatments were measured. anti-PLA2r was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: Anti-PLA2r was positive and negative in 42.3% and 57.7% of the patients with primary MGN, respectively. There was no significant relationship between serum level of anti-PLA2r and level of proteinuria before and after the medical treatments. Conclusion: Our data show that anti-PLA2r could not predict the severity of proteinuria in patients with primary MGN.
Epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects of kidney damage in COVID-19
Authors: Daminov Batir , Abdullaev Sherzod , Sharapov Olimkhon , Igamberdieva Ranokhon
Published: September 2021

The mini-review presents modern data on the epidemiology, clinical and morphological aspects of kidney damage in COVID-19. Potential mechanisms of kidney involvement in the clinical picture of the disease may include cytokine damage, cross-organ damage, and systemic effects that determine the treatment strategy. These mechanisms are closely interrelated and are especially important for individuals undergoing extracorporeal therapy and kidney transplants. Autopsy data provide evidence of SARS-CoV-2 virus invasion into kidney tissue with damage to tubular epithelial cells and podocytes, and erythrocyte aggregation in persons with severe COVID-19. By including people with chronic kidney disease in planned COVID-19 research protocols, an evidence base for effective and safe treatments can be generated.
Effect of camphor on biochemical factors and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory and apoptotic factors against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Valibeik Ali , Naderi Negar , Amini Abdolhakim , Tavakoli Dastjerd Niloufar , Rahimi Monfared Sobhan , Jafaripour Leila , Veiskarami Saeed , Birjandi Mehdi , Naderi Sohi Alireza , Ahmadvand Hassan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Camphor is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties. Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect of gentamicin (GEM) administration. Therefore, investigating the effect of natural antioxidants can resolve this complication. Objectives: We aimed to assay the effect of camphor on biochemical factors and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX]) and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], nuclear factor kappa-B [NF-κB], interleukine-6 [IL-6]), and apoptotic indices (BCL2-associated X protein [Bax], B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2], caspase-3)], against GEM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups. Positive control and treatment groups were given GEM to induce nephrotoxicity. Animal treatment groups were treated with camphor in olive oil for 12 days. Renal biopsies, serum, extraction of renal tissue and urine of rats were taken after the twelfth day. Biopsies were examined for structural changes using a light microscope, moreover, apoptosis, desired biochemical and inflammatory factors, were investigated by suitable methods. Results: Camphor had no effect on biochemical factors, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), urea, creatinine and urine protein. However, it reduced the gene expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, Bax, and caspase-3 and increased the gene expression of GPX and CAT and Bcl-2. Moreover, camphor improved kidney histopathological changes in the camphor groups in comparison with the GEM group. Conclusion: Camphor can be useful in the attenuation of GEM-induced nephrotoxicity based on expression levels of examined enzymes and factors and improving kidney histopathological changes.
Acute kidney injury with cardiorenal syndrome; experience from a tertiary care renal unit in Pakistan
Authors: Naqvi Rubina
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly recognized clinical problem after many morbid conditions related to heart like congenital heart disease surgery, acute or chronic congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, infective endocarditis or cardiomyopathies. Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) includes a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and kidneys simultaneously; here acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other. Objectives: To report here, case series of patients with AKI developing in association with CRS. We aim to report different causes of CRS and outcome of patients in this group of patients. Patients and Methods: Subjects for the study reported here comprised a cohort of 34 patients coming to this institution with AKI in association of CRS. AKI was defined according to KDIGO guidelines and CRS based on consensus conference of ADQI in 2012. Type 1or type2 CRS are included in the study. All patients had normal size kidneys on ultrasonography. Results: Thirty-four patients with AKI and CRS were brought to this institute from January 1990 to December 2014; this was contributing 1% to medical causes of total AKI. Among these 25 were males and 9 females; mean age of these patients was 54.06±14.106 years. Causes of CRS were acute myocardial infarction (ST elevated), congestive cardiac failure, infective endocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. More than two third of patients were either oliguric or anuric on presentation. Fluid replacement and/or inotropic support required in 79%. Renal replacement therapy in form of hemodialysis was conducted in 64.7% and intermittent peritoneal dialysis in one patient. Complete renal recovery was observed in 19 (56%) patients, while 12 (35%) died during acute phase of illness. CKD-V developed in one patient, 2 patients lost long term follow up, but became dialysis free and renal functions were in improving trends, they were labeled as partial recovery. Secondary insults like hypotension, aggressive diuresis, and volume loss from gastro-intestinal tract or infection were evaluated for any co-relation with outcome but statistically no significant difference was found. Conclusion: CRS can be severe life-threatening condition especially when patients present with circulatory collapse. Diuretics must be used cautiously in patients with congestive cardiac failure. Infective endocarditis with acute right heart failure can lead to CRS.
Evaluation the performance of serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin as a biomarker of allograft dysfunction in kidney recipients from living donors
Authors: Adlravan Elham , Javandoust Gharehbagh Farid , Taghizadeh Afshari Ali , Baradaran Behzad , Nourooz-Zadeh Jaffar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) has been proposed as an early biomarker for the prediction of delayed graft function (DGF) from cadaveric donors. Objectives: The purposes of this investigation were to explore the time-based trend for sNGAL in kidney recipients from living donors and to evaluate its correlation with graft function recovery during a one-year follow-up. Patients and Methods: Kidney recipients (n=39) were consecutively enrolled. Sample collection was performed before transplantation and at 2, 16, 24, 36, 48 hours after surgery. Kidney recipients were split into immediate graft function (IGF) and DGF based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on day 5 post-surgery. eGFRs >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 on day 5 post-transplantation were considered as IGF. sNGAL was assessed by ELISA. Serum creatinine (sCr) was measured by the Jaffe method. Results: Rates of participants with IGF or DGF were 25 and 14, respectively. Pre-surgery, sNGAL levels in the DGF subset were 21% higher than that of the IGF group. At 2-hours checkpoint, area under curve, sensitivity, specificity and cut-off (ng/mL) for sNGAL were 0.73, 100%, 52% and 151.8. sNGAL levels correlated with allograft function at 6, 9 and 12 months post-transplantation (r=0.66; P=0.007; r=0.836; P=0.031 and r=0.93; P=0.016). Conclusion: We have uncovered that monitoring sNGAL in kidney recipients is a useful biomarker for the evaluation of short- and long postoperative outcome in renal transplant patients from living donors. However, multicenter study with large samples-size is required to ascertain the usefulness of sNGAL as diagnostic tool for the evaluation of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant patients from living donors.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i); as a preventive factor of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes; a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jahangiri Dorsa , Padhi Udit Narayan , Verma Henu Kumar , Lakkakula Bhaskar VKS , Valizadeh Rohollah , Nasri Hamid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new class of anti-diabetic drugs. SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose levels by decreasing glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule, resulting in increased urinary glucose and sodium excretion. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SGLT2i on individual renal outcomes in diabetic patients. Methods: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. A comprehensive search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted in the Cochrane Library and PubMed, to identify relevant articles focusing on SGLT2i and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients. The most recent article search was conducted on July 12, 2021. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Two trials were comparing dapagliflozin, two comparing empagliflozin, one comparing ertugliflozin, one comparing canagliflozin, and one comparing sotagliflozin. Composite renal outcome and acute kidney injury (AKI) was found in seven and four studies, respectively. Data on end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and albuminuria or initiation of renal replacement therapy were reported in the two studies. The pooled risk ratio (RR) 95% confidence interval (CI) for the composite renal outcome was 0.54 (0.50–0.59), with 92 % heterogeneity. The pooled RR for AKI was 0.77 (0.66–0.89), with no heterogeneity. A significant lower incidence of albuminuria (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.59–0.81), initiation of renal replacement therapy (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58–0.87), was observed following the use of SGLT2 inhibitors. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that the SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the risk of albuminuria, AKI and renal replacement therapy in ESKD patients with T2D (type 2 diabetes). These meta-analyses provide substantial evidence supporting the beneficial effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on reducing CKD events in individuals with T2D.
Strive for kidney health for everyone during COVID-19; the possible theme for the world kidney day 2021
Authors: Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Elahe , Mazaheri Elaheh , Roshan Bijan , Lakkakula Bhaskar VKS , Hasanpour-Dehkordi Ali , Khosravian Maryam , Pezeshgi Aiyoub
Published: September 2021

Increasing awareness regarding CKD and self-care during COVID-19 pandemic has become the most important aspect for the nephrologists. Hence it is appropriate that the theme of the forthcoming World Kidney Day on 11 March 2021 should be "Strive for kidney health for everyone during COVID-19"
Evaluation of urinary NGAL level in children with congenital heart disease as a possible early indicator of nephropathy
Authors: Momtaz Hossein Emad , Tanasan Asadolah , Godini Majid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Nephropathy as a consequence of congenital heart disease (CHD), especially cyanotic heart disease, has been detected since past decades. However, lack of a diagnostic method at early stages of the disease, caused patients referring when nephropathy is established and also complicated with severe proteinuria and renal failure. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is known as one of the newest biomarkers for early detection of renal parenchymal damage. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the role of urinary NGAL level in early detection of nephropathy in pediatrics with CHD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary NGAL as a potential biomarker for the early detection of renal involvement in children with CHD. Patients and Methods: In this case–control study, urinary NGAL levels of 42 children with CHD (case group) and 42 healthy children (control group) with the matched ages were measured. Afterward, we compared mean urinary NGAL levels between these two groups to find a possible significant difference. Results: In this study, mean urinary NGAL level in patients with CHD and healthy children was 3.83 μg/mL and 1.87 μg/mL, respectively. Although the mean urine NGAL level was higher in children with CHD compared to healthy children, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: in this study, it can be concluded that, urinary NGAL level cannot be used as an early diagnostic test of nephropathy in children with CHD.
Supportive treatment for cast nephropathy in patients with multiple myeloma; a pilot study
Authors: Cancarini Giovanni , Terlizzi Vincenzo , Garatti Anna , Zeni Letizia , Tonoli Mattia , Pezzini Elena , Boni Francesca , Possenti Stefano , Viola Battista Fabio , Gaggiotti Mario
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cast nephropathy is a prevalent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with myeloma. Objectives: The aim of this study is to define the outcome of a standardized supportive therapy for cast nephropathy. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the outcome of cast nephropathy in a University hospital for a period of five years. Data analysed; serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA) and need for dialysis. Standardized therapy with the aim of preventing/removing tubular casts; fluid administration and mannitol to increase urine flow, sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine and low dose steroid to reduce peritubular inflammation. Statistical analysis: Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney test according to data distribution. A two-tailed P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Survival curve was drawn according to Kaplan and Meier. Results: Twenty-seven cases were reviewed. Upon admission, mean serum creatinine was 7.1±4.9 mg/dL and mean eGFR 6±4 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA; 30% of patients had oligo-anuria. Diagnosis of cast nephropathy was presumptive in 23 patients, and renal biopsy proven in four. Hemodialysis was required by 10 (37%) patients, two of whom continued dialysis after discharge. At discharge, serum creatinine was 3.7±2.5 mg/dL and eGFR 20±13 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA (P=0.002), and after a median of 3.4 months, the values were 2.9±2.1 mg/dL and 35±32 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA, respectively. Patient survival was 60% after 24 months. Conclusion: Administration of fluid, mannitol, sodium bicarbonate and low-dose steroid may improve the outcome of cast nephropathy. Despite the fact that the study has many limitations, its findings could be the base for prospective controlled trials on cast nephropathy and could be useful in those countries where the expensive extracorporeal treatments are not available.
A study on the correlation of serum magnesium with intima-media thickness of carotid in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Esmaili Taraneh , Aghaalitafreshi Zahra , Gharib Mohammad Hadi , Montazeri Maryam
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Atherosclerosis progression in the patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is more than normal population. Magnesium levels are also associated with an increase in atherosclerosis in the common carotid artery. Intima-media carotid calcification is either directly or indirectly related to cardiovascular disease and a higher rate of death among patients with chronic renal failure. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective role of serum magnesium levels in vascular calcification and the improvement of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, the participants were selected from all patients with ESRD in Five Azar Medical Center of Gorgan, Iran. Blood samples collected from research units were tested for serum magnesium level in three times. Patients were referred to a radiologist to measure CIMT. Data collected in all patients were evaluated based on Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The correlation between serum magnesium level and CIMT was not statistically significant (P = 0.66 r= 0.04), however a positive correlation between CIMT and the dialysis adequacy (KT/V) was detected (r = 0.306, P = 0.006). Conclusion: This study demonstrated no correlation between the serum magnesium level and the CIMT in hemodialysis patients.
A Study on the Pollution Status of Akata Lake Sediments, Katsina-Ala Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: G.G Yebpella , A.M Magomya , B.N Hikon , Y Joshua , J Gani
Published: September 2021

Heavy metals accumulation in biological system are by inhalation of contaminated air, intake of contaminated food or drinking water has been considered to be an ecological menace to man and other organisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the pollution status of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in sediment of Akata Lake, Katsina- Ala Benue State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected, digested using 30% H2O2 followed by 0.5M HCl and the metal concentrations were determined with Varian AA240 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman’s background correction (Varian, New Jersey, USA). The mean level of the heavy metals, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Cr are 31.05, 2.72, 19.22 and 0.88 mg/kg while the concentration of Cr was below the detection limit of the instrument. The values obtained were compared with the established soil and sediment standard by World Health Organization (WHO). The contamination factors value for Zn, Cu and Cd are <1 while that of Pb is >1, hence it shows that the sediment is polluted by lead. The pollution load index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) levels for Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd heavy metals in sample A - E were less than 1 except for Pb which is >1, this show that, the sediment were polluted with Pb.
KEY INDICATORS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Yordanova – Dinova Petya
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the main theoretical and methodological approaches and indicators used in the analysis and evaluation of financial sustainability. A number of scientific publications concerning the financial sustainability issue have been summarized and presented. The study showed that there are a number of understandings and formulations of conceptual and methodological approaches in determining financial sustainability. Financial sustainability is the most important feature of long-term financial performance. The actuality of the analysis of the financial sustainability of the enterprise is indisputable given the key features of the business environment, such as instability and uncertainty, which have a destabilizing effect on business activity. Financial sustainability is formed in the course of economic activity and is an essential element of overall economic sustainability. That is why the broader concept - financial and economic sustainability is used in the research of a number of analysts. The definition, analysis and prognosis of financial sustainability are prerequisites for developing adequate strategies and programs aimed at preserving the integrity of the enterprise and its continuous activity. For the purpose of the financial sustainability analysis, certain criteria and a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators are used to determine its availability. The indicator system also makes it possible to identify the factors influencing financial sustainability. The main purpose of the study is to present the different theoretical-methodological approaches and criteria for determining financial sustainability. The tasks resulting from this purpose are to specify the concept of "financial sustainability" and to present the indicators for assessing financial sustainability.
INFLATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Authors: Makrevska Trajanka
Published: September 2021

The main characteristic of today's inflation is its universality, durability and the power of rapid spread and transmission. Тhere is not more reliable and more sophisticated way of breaking down the existing foundations of society from the depreciation of its currency. That process on the side of the destruction connects all the hidden forces of economic flows. Тhere is not generally accepted inflation theory that would satisfy and would give the greatest number of responses to the complex phenomenon of inflationary disorder, while at the same time giving the economic policy makers reliable indicators for conducting an efficient stabilization policy. Economic theory is faced with new questions, even when defining the problem itself . Inflation does not repeat in the same form, it further expresses the complexity of this problem, although it always binds its external manifestation to a steady and rapid increase in prices. Today, there can be inflation without price growth (controlled inflation). Inflation is no longer explained as a disproportion between supply and demand, i.e. excess demand over the supply of goods and services. The theory of inflation is more pre-tasking to explain the initial impulse and the mechanism of their cumulative expansion. The relation to the causes and types of inflation is changing. The question is how to ensure a high rate of economic growth with technological stability of prices and possible full employment. In connection with the previous one, other questions are asked, how growth is justified, with a growing appreciation of the need for introducing a new distribution system. The distribution system often has a crucial effect on the formation of accumulation and consumption and their relations. Inflation today develops under completely different conditions of various economic, political and other structures of the society as a whole. This means that there are new factors that decisively affect the production, supply and demand, prices and money in the cyclical fluctuation of modern society.
INSURANCE FUNDS AS FORM TO FINANCE SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Vrachovski Danail , Kancheva Kancheva Kalina
Published: September 2021

European regulations and mechanisms call for creation of unified social structures of collaboration and communications. As such could be social associations, insurance companies, insurance funds, clusters, voluntary social funds..The financing of social activities is carried out by various mechanisms, approaches and organizational forms. It could be used at the management of health insurance, social insurance, social activities etc. The purpose of the article is to outline the possibilities to us insurance funds at some social payments, mainly in the system of social insurance and social activities. Those social payment in the shape of social an pension incomes from insurance funds do not exhaust opportunities to apply the methods of payments with disability people of monetary compensations at sickness, social and health insurances and others. The methods could be implemented in other areas as health insurance, social assistance, health insurance etc., taking into consideration the nature of their activities.
RESERVES AND THE COST OF GOODS SOLD
Authors: Shehu Blerim
Published: September 2021

This topic is about the role of stocks of commodities located in the warehouse, these goods are in the form of finished products, auxiliary materials semi-products. Control of material goods by enterprise executives, information provided to auditors. With internal control we can find the exact cost of the reserves, the exact cost of the goods sold and we can accurately determine the amount they are in the warehouse. Through accurate records, the true amount of material goods is determined, eliminating doubt about the valuation of the material goods that are in stock. Reports accepted the auditors for the status of material goods at the warehouse, analyzed the handling method, the form of records, the accuracy of the data, the stocks are the property of the enterprise or remain or are mortgaged or mixed or damaged, measuring accuracy and material assets, the stock part of the balance sheet. The auditor should ensure that all necessary actions for the stocks held by the enterprise are recorded until the closing of the books, stocks are the most important balance sheet items, the role of reserve control is very important.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY TOURISM WITH ACCENT ТО ТHE CITY TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Majhosev Darko
Published: September 2021

With their cultural and historical contents, cities have always attracted tourists, thus contributing to creating a new kind of tourism - city tourism. The potentials of cities have contributed to creating other types of tourism such as fair, cultural, congressional, sports, religious tourism, etc. City breaks have become a contemporary trend and a phenomenon in world tourism, which an increasing number of tourists is becoming more interested in, and these tourists want to spend their short breaks, holidays or weekends in them. Comprehensive and short visits to major cities offer an opportunity to discover their tourist values such as ambience, architecture, culture, art, people, customs, etc. Basically, urban tourism is an activity that takes place in urban areas. City break is the third most important type of tourism in international tourism and the third most important type of vacation and traveling in Europe after ―sun and beach‖ and ―tour‖. In the last three decades, tourism in the world has been witnessing a constant growth of city break. The growth of this type of tourism is associated with the growth of the urban population in the world. City break tourism gives an impetus to the revitalization of urban areas. Historic cores of cities and pedestrian zones are urban spaces that appeal to visitors and are always attractive places visited by most tourists in all seasons. One of the most common activities of city break is seeing the sights of a city, its attractions, museums, galleries and historical landmarks, most often with a special open-type bus with a tour guide.
Apuntes sobre un enigma filosófico
Authors: Vermeren Patrice
Published: September 2021

¿Cómo podemos pensar la Comuna de París (1871) si no es como una revolución prematura (Marx) o como la responsable de haber salvado la República en Francia? Si el acontecimiento no procede de ninguna necesidad histórica, ¿qué sentido tiene el enigma de esta afirmación inesperada de un principio político, bajo la bandera de una República universal, y que ve a un pueblo entero de sin nombres constituirse en sujetos de la emancipación, en la existencia misma en acto de un poder de igualdad y en la experiencia inédita de la democracia contra el Estado?
¿Se agota la democracia constitucional?
Authors: Ferrero Maximiliano
Published: September 2021

Reseña de: Roberto Gargarella, La Derrota del Derecho en América Latina. Siete Tesis. Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI, 2020.
Una lengua cosida de relámpagos
Authors: Prado Carli
Published: September 2021

Reseña de:Val Flores, Una lengua cosida de relámpagos. Buenos Aires, Hekht, 2019.
El sueño, las palabras y la cosa
Authors: Dominguez Esteban
Published: September 2021

En estas páginas me propongo reflexionar sobre un conjunto de cuestiones relativas a la filosofía de Marx a la luz de la experiencia de la Comuna de París. Más específicamente, quisiera señalar que la experiencia de Marx frente a la Comuna podría constituirse en un revelador de algunos trazos significativos de su filosofía. En primer lugar, propongo un análisis de la carta de Marx a Ruge en Kreuznach (1843) con el fin de reflexionar sobre la idea de la revolución que tiene el joven Marx identificando dos pliegues críticos que la modifican y la proyectan transformada hacia la Comuna. En segundo lugar, propongo una relectura de La guerra civil en Francia (1871) atravesada por una disyunción interna entre la palabra científica, la palabra política y la palabra filosófica presentes en Marx, pero que se resisten a ser reapropiadas en un único discurso.
Deseo, revuelta y soberanía en Bataille, Blanchot y Didi-Huberman
Authors: Jait Sola Sol María
Published: September 2021

ste trabajo es un ejercicio dialógico entre Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot y Didi-Huberman. Se postularán como ejes centrales de dicho diálogo la noción de revuelta y el movimiento surrealista. La hipótesis que guía este texto es el posible vínculo entre lo irresoluble y la soberanía a partir del deseo. Se reconocerá al surrealismo como marco teórico-estético desde el cual se nutren y posicionan dichos pensadores, ya sea como referentes o lectores. Se analizarán las redes que se tejen entre los siguientes conceptos: soberanía, revuelta y sumisión. Y, finalmente, se pensará la esfera del deseo (en vínculo con el juego y lo irresoluble) como aquel sustrato ontológico que permite que la soberanía humana sobreviva.
The Influence of Diet Menus and Sports Models on Decreased Blood Sugar Levels and Body Weight of Prediabetes Group
Authors: Putri Enda Silvia , Wati Rina , Fera Dian
Published: September 2021

Prediabetes was a condition where a person has abnormal blood sugar levels but was not yet categorized as diabetes (140-199 mg / dl). The increased incidence of prediabetes affects the increasing number of cases of diabetes, unhealthy diet and irregular exercise models are factors that cause weight problems and blood sugar levels that increase cases of prediabetes to have an impact on diabetes cases. The research purpose was the effect of diet menus and exercise models on reducing blood sugar levels and body weight in the prediabetes group. The method research was the analytical method with the design of quasi-experimental, the population was 20 people, and the sample was total population or sample of 20 people by dividing 2 groups with different interventions, the technique with accidental sampling, and tool with SPSS 20, the data analyzed with independent t test. The result of research was the influence in group jasmine (diet and exercise menu (jogging)) (P value = 0.001 <α = 0.05), and in group rose (diet and exercise menu (casual walk)) (P value = 0.004 <α = 0.05) to reduce blood sugar levels and body weight. The conclusion of research was that the diet control and exercise menu models were able to influence the decrease in blood sugar levels and body weight in the prediabetes group, group a had a more significant effect because of jogging so that more calories burned.
Food Intake of Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 7-12 Years at Aceh Barat District
Authors: Muhsin Sri Wahyuni , Elida Sukma , Iskandar Arif
Published: September 2021

Nutrition problems in Indonesia are already classified as multiple nutritional problems, namely the problem of undernutrition and overweight obesity. In 2010 the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Aceh province was 11.2 percent and in 2013 was 14.8 percent (8.9 percent fat and 5.9 percent very fat) resulting in an increase of 3.6 percent. Food intake is one factor that can cause cause overweight and obesity. This study wanted to analyze the factors of food intake in children aged 7-12 years become the cause of overweight and obesity. This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design aimed at assessing relationship of food intake on obesity-related weight status in first-fifth grade elementary school children aged 7-12 years at Kabupaten Aceh Barat. The sample size is 289 students. Determination of child obesity status using Body Mass Index based on Age (IMT/U), that is overweight and obesity if IMT/U>1.0 SD. Data of food intake was obtained through interview using 24-hour food recall form for 3 days. From 289 respondents, 51.90% were overweight and obesity. Factors related to the incidence of overweight and obesity are energy and fat intake (OR = 4.56 and 4.03).
The Relationship Between Adequacy of Animal Protein Consumption and Hemoglobin Levels for Pregnant Women
Authors: Fera Dian , Duana Maiza , Putri Enda Silvia
Published: September 2021

Adequacy of nutrition is needed by a person from the womb to adulthood. Pregnant women are one of the groups of people who are prone to malnutrition. One of the nutritional problems in pregnant women is iron anemia (Fe). Pregnant women are said to be anemic if their Hb level is <11 g / dl, anemia can also occur due to an increased need for a person's body, for example during menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth, while the iron that enters is only a little, it is highly recommended to consume food that comes from animal protein such as fish. , meat, eggs and milk. Objective: to examine the relationship between the adequacy of animal protein consumption on hemoglobin (Hb) levels of pregnant women in Johan Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the second and third trimesters who were recorded at Puskesmas Johan Pahlawan and Suak Ribee, West Aceh district in February 2020, totaling 165 people, the sampling technique used the purposive sampling method using the Slovin formula with a sample of 62 people. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the consumption of animal protein intake and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with a p value = 0.022. In conclusion, the HB level of pregnant women who consume enough animal protein is more normal than pregnant women who do not consume enough animal proteinAdequacy of nutrition is needed by a person from the womb to adulthood. Pregnant women are one of the groups of people who are prone to malnutrition. One of the nutritional problems in pregnant women is iron anemia (Fe). Pregnant women are said to be anemic if their Hb level is <11 g / dl, anemia can also occur due to an increased need for a person's body, for example during menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth, while the iron that enters is only a little, it is highly recommended to consume food that comes from animal protein such as fish. , meat, eggs and milk. Objective: to examine the relationship between the adequacy of animal protein consumption on hemoglobin (Hb) levels of pregnant women in Johan Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the second and third trimesters who were recorded at Puskesmas Johan Pahlawan and Suak Ribee, West Aceh district in February 2020, totaling 165 people, the sampling technique used the purposive sampling method using the Slovin formula with a sample of 62 people. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the consumption of animal protein intake and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with a p value = 0.022. In conclusion, the HB level of pregnant women who consume enough animal protein is more normal than pregnant women who do not consume enough animal protein
The Relationship between Parenting Patterns and Fish Consumption in Elementary School-Age Children in West Aceh District
Authors: Iskandar, SKM, M.Ph Wardah , Muhsin Sri Wahyuni , Elida Sukma , Ayunda Hanif Muchdatul
Published: September 2021

Seafood is a nutrient-dense food that is needed by children in their infancy. Sea fish is rich in protein, vitamins and minerals as well as omega 3 fatty acids which are very important for the growth of both body cells and brain cells. Several factors are identified as the cause of low fish consumption in Indonesia, among others, the lack of public understanding of nutrition and the benefits of fish consumption for health and intelligence, socio-economy and culture. So that it affects the parenting style of parents in providing food intake to children. The large protein content in fish is expected to be able to improve the nutritional needs of the Indonesian people and the increase in fish consumption is also expected to have an effect on increasing the intelligence of the Indonesian people. The research aimed to determine the relationship between parenting and fish consumption among school-age children in Aceh Barat District. This study was a cross-sectional study. The sample in this study amounted to 173 elementary school age children in grades IV and V. The data was collected by means of direct interviews which included the patterns of upbringing and fish consumption. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analysis with independent sample t-test. From 173 children, it was found that 80.3% of children consumed fish well, while only 19.7% of children with poor fish consumption. Maternal parenting affects children's fish consumption with an OR = 12.865 (95% CI 4.933-3.552) so that maternal parenting has a 12.86 times chance of influencing fish consumption in children.
Estudios magnetotelúricos en diferentes ambientes de la Argentina
Authors:   , Guevara Liliana Mariela
Published: September 2021

En la presente Tesis se determina y describe la estructura geoeléctrica de tres ambientes de la Argentina a partir del análisis e inversión de datos de campo magnetotelúricos. Los mismos no sólo responden a regiones con diferentes características geológicas, sino que también a diferentes escalas de profundidad. Se presentan los resultados de estudios realizados en el sudeste de la cuenca tucumana y en el bajo topográfico que contiene a la laguna Socompa, dos áreas de gran interés geotermal caracterizadas por diferentes fuentes de calor, origen del fenómeno observado. Para el estudio de ambas zonas los datos fueron adquiridos durante el doctorado con un equipo de audiomagnetotelúrica para la caracterización de los primeros cientos de metros de profundidad. El objetivo principal del estudio en el sudeste de la cuenca de Tucumán es la caracterización geoeléctrica de la Formación Las Cañas de la cual se conoce, a partir de información de pozos, que contiene un acuífero termal. El modelo final obtenido a partir de la inversión 3D determina cuatro unidades eléctricas que fueron correlacionadas con la Formación Guasayán del Mioceno, las Formaciones India Muerta y Las Cañas del Plioceno y con la cubierta cuaternaria, respectivamente (Guevara y cols., 2020). Por su parte, el estudio realizado en el bajo topográfico Socompa tiene como objetivo la caracterización geoeléctrica de las formaciones geológicas presentes, así como restringir en profunidad el reservorio de las aguas termales circulantes. El rasgo más distintivo determinado por el modelo 3D final es una capa de alta conductividad a los 400-500 m de profundidad, con al menos 200 m de espesor. La misma fue correlacionada con la Formación Vizcachera y parte del miembro inferior del complejo volcánico-sedimentario Quebrada del Agua. La falta de relevamientos geológicos de detalle, así como el ambiente en el que se encuentra el área analizada permiten proponer un acuífero profundo o una capa de arcilla desarrollada durante la actividad del Mioceno como las hipótesis principales para explicar su presencia. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados de la caracterización de la región central del Cratón del Río de la Plata. Los datos utilizados fueron registrados durante varias campañas llevadas a cabo entre los años 2001 y 2010 con equipos de largo período. El área se encuentra cubierta por los sedimentos de la cuenca Chaco-Paraná que impide determinar en superficie los rasgos estructurales asociados a los eventos que pudo haber sufrido el cratón, limitando el estudio de la región a técnicas indirectas. El modelo 3D final determina en el centro del perfil una menor resistividad a la esperada en un ambiente cratónico, asociada a la interacción del descenso de la placa de Nazca con la astenósfera, y dos anomalías de resistividad verticales de escala litosférica, que fueron interpretadas como zonas de cizalla precámbricas, una relacionada al lineamiento Transbrasiliano y otra con el límite oriental del Canal Central Paranaense.