bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy for primary immunode!ciency diseases: where are we now?
Authors: Jhuma Khadija Akther , Giasuddin ASM , Haq AM Mujibul , Nabi Shahryar
Published: April 2016

In 1950s, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) had been identified as the biochemical basis of heredity and gene had been shown to be a segment of DNA. Accordingly, vast majority of hereditary disorders involve changes, i.e. mutations in specific genes. Can medical treatment leading to genetic cure of these hereditary disorders possible? The answer is yes as the initial thoughts of Gene therapy have been transformed into reality in recent times. Gene therapy is the application of various technologies including Recombinant DNA Technology for introduction of a relevant functional gene, i.e. exogenous DNA, into a cell to achieve therapeutic effects for genetic disorders. Since 1990, gene therapy has become standard treatment for a number of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) such as adenosine deaminase deficiency form of severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID), SCID-X1, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and others. As we eagerly wait until the results of ongoing further clinical trials are available, updated accounts of the status of Gene Therapy for selective PIDs are presented in this review article.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 160-164
Acute myopericarditis presenting as effusive-constrictive pericarditis a case report
Authors: Adhikary Dipal Krishna , Hasan Md Nazmul , Siddique Md Abu , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Iqbal ATM , Hasan Md Nazmul , Amin Md Rasul
Published: April 2016

Myopericarditis is primarily a pericardial inflammatory syndrome occurring when clinical diagnostic criteria for pericarditis are satisfied and concurrent mild myocardial involvement is documented by elevation of biomarkers of myocardial damage (i.e. increased troponins). Limited clinical data on the causes of myopericarditis suggest that viral infections are among the most common causes in developed countries. Cardiotropic viruses can cause pericardial and myocardial in!ammation via direct cytolytic or cytotoxic effects and/or subsequent immune-mediated mechanisms. Many cases of myopericarditis are subclinical. In other patients, cardiac symptoms and signs are over shadowed by systemic manifestations of infection or inflammation. The increased sensitivity of troponin assay and contemporary widespread use of troponins has greatly increased the reported number of cases. Management is similar to that reported for pericarditis, generally with a empiric anti-inflammatory drugs mainly aimed to control symptoms. Rest and avoidance of physical activity beyond normal sedentary activities has been recommended for 6 months is recommended as for myocarditis. At present, there is no evidence that troponin elevation confers worse prognosis (i.e. a greater risk of recurrence, death or transplantation) in patients with preserved left ventricular function. Usually complete remission is seen in 3 to 6 months. We report here a case of a 18 year young man with acute myopericarditis who presented with transient effusive-constrictive pericarditis.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 165-167
Adrenoleukodystrophy: two case reports
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Rahman Md Mizanur , Amin Md Rezaul , Habib Md Ahsan , Ahmed Sanjida , Kabir Md Showkat , Laila Kamrul
Published: April 2016

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma, various tissues of body and central nervous system. It causes demyelination and adrenocortical insuciency. High levels of very long chain fatty acids are found in tissues and body fluids, resulting from their impaired ?-oxidation in the peroxisomes. The most common form of ALD is an X-linked disorder with various presentations which is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene located on Xq28. The gene encodes a transmembrane transporter involved in the importation of very long chain fatty acids into peroxisomes. The phenotypic presentations are highly variable, which may lead to delayed recognition and misdiagnosis, as attention deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder in boys or multiple sclerosis in adults. The most common clinical picture is of a degenerative neurologic disorder appearing in childhood or adolescence and progressing to severe dementia and deterioration of vision, hearing, speech, and gait and death occur within a few years. Many patients have evidence of adrenal insufficiency at the time of neurologic presentation. Hydrocortisone and mineralocorticoid are necessary to treat adrenal insufficiency. High doses of hydrocortisone preoperatively and during recovery are needed for surgery and other stressful illnesses in affected individuals.Here, we described two patients with childhood onset ALD with clinical and laboratory features to illustrate the wide clinical variability of this condition.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 168-171
Abdominal wall metastasis of carcinoma breast : a case report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhishak , Rassell Md , Hasan Md Nazmul , Debnath Bidyut Chandra
Published: April 2016

Abdominal wall metastasis from breast carcinoma is an uncommon occurrence compared to local invasion into muscle from direct tumor spread. A 30 years old lady was referred to our hospital from a medical college hospital for adjuvant treatment after being done the left sided modified radical mastectomy. Pathological examination revealed poorly differentiated infiltrative duct cell carcinoma, metastatic deposits in axillary lymph node with histological grade 3. She underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy with regular schedule and follow up. Her adjuvant treatment and follow up period were uneventful upto 13 months. Thereafter she reported a painless lump in the right upper abdomen which was rapidly growing in size. Cytopathology report confirmed that the cells of the parietal lump were compatible with metastatic duct cell carcinoma. So, though the primary pathology was in the left side but the parietal lump was found in the right side. Skeletal muscle metastasis is uncommon and pain is the commonest symptom. But here the lump is painless and this is another rare presentation. Treatment principle is only palliation.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 172-174
Ruptured aneurysm of right sinus of valsalva - a case report
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Hasan Md Nazmul , Hoque Md Harisul , Zaman SM Mustafa , Amin Md Rasul , Haque Mostashirul , Joarder Ariful Islam
Published: April 2016

The sinus of valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a small dilatation caused by a separation between the aortic media and annulus fibrosus. It may be either acquired or congenital. The right coronary sinus is most frequently affected, with the most common complication being rupture of the sinus. Cardiac failure and sudden auscultation changes suggest the possibility of SVA rupture. Echocardiography is sufficient to diagnose SVA, its complications, repercussions and to determine surgical options. SVA, even if asymptomatic, has potential risks of expansion, rupture, cardiac failure, endocarditis, embolism and sudden death. This justifies surgical correction which has a low mortality rate in both the short and long-term.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 175-177
A new remedy for headache  electronic aspirin
Authors: Hasan Zakir
Published: April 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 178-179
Womens Participation in Managerial Activities: A Study on Employed Women in Selected Enterprises of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Nazneen Jahan
Published: April 2016

Women being a significant part of population have been found involved in managerial activities. But the degree of participation of women is still insignificant in Bangladesh because of different reasons such as social, cultural and political barriers, inadequate implementation of constitutional and legal provisions, lack of proper institutional and organizational structures etc. In view of these, the present study has been undertaken aiming at assessing the involvement of women in managerial activities of different industries. Of the number of industries that influence women in management, the eleven identifiable sectors have been selected based on purposive sampling technique. This study has revealed that women have multiple responsibilities at home and at work place. When comparisons were made with their male counterparts, women managers have been equally well educated and were found to be equally capable, creative, innovative and competent. They also have the potential of being trained up and to contribute to the development activities as effectively as a man perform. To effectively manage this transition, amongst others followings main interventions have been proposed: proper implementation of constitutional and legal provisions, change of customs and social practices that prevent women development, institutionalization of women?s interests, development of appropriate training courses for women managers.IIUC Studies Vol.10 & 11 December 2014: 39-64
Alison Porter in Look Back in Anger: Is She Responsible for her Sufferings?
Authors: Haque Salma
Published: April 2016

John Osbornes play Look Back in Anger is a dramatic study of a strained marriage relationship. In it Jimmy Porter is the protagonist and Alison Porter, a retired Colonels daughter, is the heroine. The actual action of the play is centered around Jimmys relationship with her. Despite his dominance, his wife Alison Porter, is the most important supporting character on whom Jimmy inflicts pain by his tirades all the time until eventually she feels she can bear no more. Later on she leaves him in her pregnant state to seek peace. After the loss of the baby she comes back to him when both have lost faith in each other. So they will go back to their previous unhealthy relationship causing her to become deplorable again. My reading of Alison Porter is that she is a suffering person though some find Jimmy a sufferer. This paper aims at assessing her sufferings and the reasons behind them.IIUC Studies Vol.10 & 11 December 2014: 65-80
Paper & Place: The Poetry of Billy Mills
Authors: Davis Alex
Published: April 2016

This essay discusses the issue of place and its representation in the work of the contemporary Irish experimental poet, Billy Mills. It considers the ontological priority Mills's poetry and related critical work grant the object world, and the necessarily provisional quality of the ‘mapping’ of the environment in verbal art. Mills's ecopoetics are contrasted with the pastoral poetic tradition, as he construes it, with the poetry of Seamus Heaney, and with Language Writing. In conclusion, Mills's practice as a translator is shown to display an attentiveness to nonlinear form that, as a critic, he identifies in the work of contemporaries including Maurice Scully, Geoffrey Squires, and Catherine Walsh.
‘Out Past / Self-Dramatization’: Maurice Scully's Several Dances
Authors: Huk Romana
Published: April 2016

What has lyric to do with any radical phenomenology's choreography? Maurice Scully in Several Dances asks that question, as he has for years now, alongside other poets of Ireland's avant-garde whose ‘distinguishing (not inhibiting) feature’, as Sarah Bennett writes (acknowledging the work of Alex Davis and Eric Falci before her) is that in it ‘the lyric subject persists’ – in tandem with, this essay argues, what she names ‘an interest in perception … [which] is perhaps the most compelling commonality in these poets' work’. What distinguishes Scully's from the lyric phenomenology of American poets from William Carlos Williams (invoked throughout the volume) to George Oppen (also invoked) is that he queries existentialism's ‘singular’ approach to phenomena, achieved as Heidegger thought through the phenomenological ‘bracketing’ of individual (and communal) preconceptions from the perception of things. Cosmic – even theological – speculation enters in as Scully's poems move out past both self-centered lyric and twentieth-century cancellations of all preconceptions in the ‘limit-thinking’ and being-toward-death that phenomenology proposed for seeing past the self. Yet Scully works with mortality always in his sights too as he sings ‘the Huuuman / Limit-at-tation Blues’ (p.118) and, more vertiginously, considers both the undelimitability and the fragility of us.
Atom Interferometry in the Presence of an External Test Mass
Authors: Dubetsky Boris , Libby Stephen , Berman Paul
Published: April 2016

The influence of an external test mass on the phase of the signal of an atom interferometer is studied theoretically. Using traditional techniques in atom optics based on the density matrix equations in the Wigner representation, we are able to extract the various contributions to the phase of the signal associated with the classical motion of the atoms, the quantum correction to this motion resulting from atomic recoil that is produced when the atoms interact with Raman field pulses and quantum corrections to the atomic motion that occur in the time between the Raman field pulses. By increasing the effective wave vector associated with the Raman field pulses using modified field parameters, we can increase the sensitivity of the signal to the point where such quantum corrections can be measured. The expressions that are derived can be evaluated numerically to isolate the contribution to the signal from an external test mass. The regions of validity of the exact and approximate expressions are determined.
Taurine Bromamine: Reactivity of an Endogenous and Exogenous Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Amino Acid Derivative
Authors: De Carvalho Bertozo Luiza , Morgon Nelson , De Souza Aguinaldo , Ximenes Valdecir
Published: April 2016

Taurine bromamine (Tau-NHBr) is produced by the reaction between hypobromous acid (HOBr) and the amino acid taurine. There are increasing number of applications of Tau-NHBr as an anti-inflammatory and microbicidal drug for topical usage. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of the chemical reactivity of Tau-NHBr with endogenous and non-endogenous compounds. Tau-NHBr reactivity was compared with HOBr, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and taurine chloramine (Tau-NHCl). The second-order rate constants (k2) for the reactions between Tau-NHBr and tryptophan (7.7 × 102 M−1s−1), melatonin (7.3 × 103 M−1s−1), serotonin (2.9 × 103 M−1s−1), dansylglycine (9.5 × 101 M−1s−1), tetramethylbenzidine (6.4 × 102 M−1s−1) and H2O2 (3.9 × M−1s−1) were obtained. Tau-NHBr demonstrated the following selectivity regarding its reactivity with free amino acids: tryptophan > cysteine ~ methionine > tyrosine. The reactivity of Tau-NHBr was strongly affected by the pH of the medium (for instance with dansylglycine: pH 5.0, 1.1 × 104 M−1s−1, pH 7.0, 9.5 × 10 M−1s−1 and pH 9.0, 1.7 × 10 M−1s−1), a property that is related to the formation of the dibromamine form at acidic pH (Tau-NBr2). The formation of singlet oxygen was observed in the reaction between Tau-NHBr and H2O2. Tau-NHBr was also able to react with linoleic acid, but with low efficiency compared with HOBr and HOCl. Compared with HOBr, Tau-NHBr was not able to react with nucleosides. In conclusion, the following reactivity sequence was established: HOBr > HOCl > Tau-NHBr > Tau-NHCl. These findings can be very helpful for researchers interested in biological applications of taurine haloamines.
Application of Large-Scale, Multi-Resolution Watershed Modeling Framework Using the Hydrologic and Water Quality System (HAWQS)
Authors: Yen Haw , Daggupati Prasad , White Michael , Srinivasan Raghavan , Gossel Arndt , Wells David , Arnold Jeffrey
Published: April 2016

In recent years, large-scale watershed modeling has been implemented broadly in the field of water resources planning and management. Complex hydrological, sediment, and nutrient processes can be simulated by sophisticated watershed simulation models for important issues such as water resources allocation, sediment transport, and pollution control. Among commonly adopted models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been demonstrated to provide superior performance with a large amount of referencing databases. However, it is cumbersome to perform tedious initialization steps such as preparing inputs and developing a model with each changing targeted study area. In this study, the Hydrologic and Water Quality System (HAWQS) is introduced to serve as a national-scale Decision Support System (DSS) to conduct challenging watershed modeling tasks. HAWQS is a web-based DSS developed and maintained by Texas A & M University, and supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Three different spatial resolutions of Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC8, HUC10, and HUC12) and three temporal scales (time steps in daily/monthly/annual) are available as alternatives for general users. In addition, users can specify preferred values of model parameters instead of using the pre-defined sets. With the aid of HAWQS, users can generate a preliminarily calibrated SWAT project within a few minutes by only providing the ending HUC number of the targeted watershed and the simulation period. In the case study, HAWQS was implemented on the Illinois River Basin, USA, with graphical demonstrations and associated analytical results. Scientists and/or decision-makers can take advantage of the HAWQS framework while conducting relevant topics or policies in the future.
Time Series Analysis of Floods across the Niger River Basin
Authors: Aich Valentin , Koné Bakary , Hattermann Fred , Paton Eva
Published: April 2016

This study analyses the increasing number of catastrophic floods in the Niger River Basin, focusing on the relation between long term hydro-climatic variability and flood risk over the last 40 to 100 years. Time series for three subregions (Guinean, Sahelian, Benue) show a general consistency between the annual maximum discharge (AMAX) and climatic decadal patterns in West Africa regarding both trends and major changepoints. Variance analysis reveals rather stable AMAX distributions except for the Sahelian region, implying that the changes in flood behavior differ within the basin and affect mostly the dry Sahelian region. The timing of the floods within the year has changed only downstream of the Inner Niger Delta due to retention processes. The results of the hydro-climatic analysis generally correspond to the presented damage statistics on people affected by catastrophic floods. The damage statistics shows positive trends for the entire basin since the beginning in the 1980s, with the most extreme increase in the Middle Niger.
L'Office national des forêts et l'encadrement juridique de la chasse
Authors: Lagrange Philippe
Published: April 2016

Etablissement public chargé par l'Etat de gérer les forêts domaniales et les forêts publiques et privées relevant du régime forestier, l'Office national des forêts (ONF) a été amené à favoriser et encadrer l'activité cynégétique sur ces espaces. La chasse contribue en effet à la réalisation de la mission principale de l'Office : la valorisation des forêts françaises, dans le respect des principes de l'efficacité économique, de la performance environnementale et de la responsabilité sociale. L'exploitation de cette activité se traduit en conséquence par la définition d'un droit spécifique, tant s'agissant des règles d'acquisition du droit de chasse que des contraintes pesant sur les titulaires de ce droit au nom du respect de la biodiversité, du droit d'accès des autres usagers et de l'équilibre agro-sylvo-cynégétique.
RESOLVING GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN NGC 300: A FIRST LOOK WITH THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY
Authors: Faesi Christopher M. , Lada Charles J. , Forbrich Jan
Published: April 2016

We present the first high angular resolution study of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300, based on observations from the Submillimeter Array (SMA). We target eleven 500 pc sized regions of active star formation within the galaxy in the 12CO(J = 2-1) line at 40 pc spatial and 1 km s−1 spectral resolution and identify 45 individual GMCs. We characterize the physical properties of these GMCs, and find that they are similar to GMCs in the disks of the Milky Way and other nearby spiral galaxies. For example, the GMC mass spectrum in our sample has a slope of 1.80 ± 0.07. Twelve clouds are spatially resolved by our observations, of which ten have virial mass estimates that agree to within a factor of two with mass estimates derived directly from 12CO integrated intensity, suggesting that the majority of these GMCs are bound. The resolved clouds show consistency with Larson’s fundamental relations between size, linewidth, and mass observed in the Milky Way. We find that the linewidth scales with the size as ΔV ∝ R
0.52±0.20, and the median surface density in the subsample is 54 M
⊙ pc−2. We detect 13CO in four GMCs and find a mean 12CO/13CO flux ratio of 6.2. Our interferometric observations recover between 30% and 100% of the integrated intensity from the APEX single dish 12CO observations of Faesi et al., suggesting the presence of low-mass GMCs and/or diffuse gas below our sensitivity limit. The fraction of APEX emission recovered increases with the SMA total intensity, as well as with the star formation rate.
Centro Portland, en Oregón
Authors: Skidmore - Owings - Merril Arquitectos
Published: April 2016

Este espectacular edificio ofrece una particularidad interesante dentro de las construcciones deportivas: a través del gigantesco prisma envolvente, se transparenta el «cuenco» del terreno de juego y los graderíos, a la vez que desde las gradas más altas, y gracias al anillo ondulante de remate del mismo, puede verse el luminoso panorama circundante.
Conflict Plagued East Africa Region and its Global Impact
Authors: Faris Endris Mekonnen
Published: April 2016

East Africa is one of the most politically complex, unstable and poorly administered parts of the world. The region has been such insecure and chaotic since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Somalia is a failed state. Sudan is still in state of both intra and interstate conflicts. The newly born South Sudan recently is in a deep crisis that already has resulted in the widely anticipated ethnic based civil war. The recent terrorist attack in Kenya is a signal of the long standing of its vulnerability. Ethiopia has been in border conflict with its former member state, Eritrea in addition to their perspective domestic political ups and downs. It is impossible to find a single country with a history of free-conflict both internally and beyond its territory. Horn of Africa is the quintessence state of conflict and remains to be center of research. This paper further investigates closely these conflicts in the region and its global impact in such away the region becomes the focus of the major global actors and international organizations.
Bioterrorism, Bio Crimes and Politics
Authors: Kawalya Hakiimu
Published: April 2016

Right from the onset, man woke up to a strenuous and hostile surrounding. He had to swiftly learn that just like the planet upon which his life hinged possessed enormous attractive endowments, so was it rich in hostility. Given its delicate nature humanity therefore had to adapt particular ways of living for survival and inevitably has since then evolved over thousands of years into the so called Homo-sapiens or modern man. Undoubtedly as modern man's continued trajectory to transformation gave birth to philosophy and science along with the icing that came with it, man finds himself entangled in a more complex and chaotic web with threats far greater than his imagination. One such a threat is biological weaponry a product of science that has potential to be used as a tool to orchestrate murder, terror and other sophisticated crimes. Owing to the vast amount of resources required to assemble these biological weapons it's fervently rare to find an ordinary individual utilizing them, instead governments and of recent some heavily financed terrorist groups can harness the catastrophic potential of these weapons to destroy both local and foreign adversaries. In a world stirred up with tensions, the powerful ones are amassing weapons of every caliber to rise above perceived enemies, yet rocket speed advancing biotechnology is making the manufacturing of biological weapons easier and consequently proliferation of biological war material is becoming inevitable. Therefore whereas the world health organization and United Nation are grappling with keeping biological science generated terror or crimes under check, it is high time the world started viewing them in light of the actual threat they pose today as tools exploitable in the notion of politicking.
Chaos and Complexity Approach in Management
Authors: Öztürk Zekai
Published: April 2016

In business management literature, chaos and complexity approaches came into sight in 1990's. Fundamental changes have been made by chaos and complexity approaches in understanding of scientific methodology. In social sciences, especially in management and organization fields these notions should be seen as supplementary to the general systems theory. Chaotic management approach also revealed dramatic changes in management understanding chaotic management perspective has brought up the consideration of human both in organisational and humane perspective, which has only been considered within organisational perspective. In other words, placing human in the centre as the essential element of living humanely again has been provided. In this study effects of chaotic theory starting from basic mathematical and scientific findings, were investigated on production, economy, service and social sciences. Also we worked on influence of the theory on management and organization area.
Lead-Entropy
Authors: Erçetin Şefika Şule , Açıkalın Şuay Nilhan
Published: April 2016

In a world where entropy has become the order of the day, leadership becomes even more central to organizational transformation. Leaders ought to devote their attention, focus, skills, techniques, efforts and values toward eradicating entropy in organizations or at least reduce it where possible. Entropy can be positive and negative wherein the first is precarious and the second is bearable. Positive entropy renders the organization chaotic, complex and edging closer to extinction. By talking about entropy from a theoretical and conceptual perspective, we only expand the talk and by assuming that reducing entropy is implied in conventional leadership, we still miss a point. Accordingly, there is a need to focus leadership potential on managing entropy in organizations. This paper coined the term Lead-Entropy as a combination of leadership and entropy. It is assumed that in such a leadership paradigm, leadership traits, functions, skills and techniques are all directed toward reducing or eradicating organizational entropy as a modus operandi. Discussing this subject is of paramount importance consequent to contemporary trends in organizations.
Social Media and Perception Management
Authors: Menteşe Mehmet , İli Kenan
Published: April 2016

This is a perception operation. This statement is very usual on written and social media nowadays. The structural features of the social media instruments and their being open to interactions differing from the traditional communication instruments enable social media to be easily canalized, provoked and diverted from the objectives. In this context, perception management strategies have a significant share in the use of information with the purpose of misleading the target mass by manipulating it for the sake of certain interests. With this aspect, perception management process confronts us as a power struggle taking place on knowledge and information. What is this perception management? What is the relationship with social media? This article written to manage or inspire your perception about social media and perception management tried to find answers to these questions.
Countering Online Violent Extremism
Authors: Cheong Damien D.
Published: April 2016

State action is an important form of strategic communication and therefore, significant to Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) initiatives on and offline. While non-state actors often use state action (and sometimes inaction) to incite and legitimise violence against the state as well as its citizens, generating this sort of negative sentiment does not require instigation. This is especially the case when the action(s) of a state are deemed so unacceptable and repulsive that a public backlash automatically ensues. As many violent extremists (including lone wolves) have been radicalised as a result of such controversies, it is necessary for positive state action to be carried out as well as widely publicised at the macro and micro levels. This is envisaged to counter negative narratives as well as address real world issues that push individuals towards violent extremism.
Building National Resilience in the Digital Era of Violent Extremism
Authors: Tan Jethro , Wang Yingmin , Gomes Danielle
Published: April 2016

The threat of violent extremism in the Internet age has undoubtedly become one important focus of research, policy, and government bodies all over the world. Understandably, many resources have been invested into counter violent extremism efforts, such as the identification of possible radicalised individuals, and understanding the psychology behind violent extremism. These methods adopt a resistance stance and attempt to prevent violent extremism. However, this chapter argues that resilience is equally, if not more important given the unpredictable nature of violent extremism. The first part examines ‘systems' within a nation such as critical infrastructure and how concepts such as ‘resilient-by-design' can be incorporated to ensure continuity in times of attacks. The second part will explore ‘person' factors of crisis communication, cohesion, and social capital, and how these factors can afford a cohesive society that can overcome the cracks in social order and harmony often caused by violent extremism.
“On the Internet, Nobody Knows You're a Dog”
Authors: Shortland Neil D.
Published: April 2016

Online behaviour can provide a unique window from which we can glean intent. From an intelligence standpoint it provides an important source of open-source information. However, making inference of intent from online activity is inherently difficult. Yet elsewhere progress is being made in incorporating information online into decisions regarding risk and offender prioritisation. This chapter synthesises lessons learnt from studies of risk assessment of violent extremists, risk assessment online, and the form and function of extremist materials online in order to begin to approach the issue of online risk assessment of violent extremism. In doing so it highlights issues associated with the diversity of online extremist behaviour, the diversity of offline extremist behaviour and the general lack of understanding related to the interaction of online and offline experiences, and how this contributes to the wider psychological process of ‘radicalisation'. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
Internet Use and Violent Extremism
Authors: Pressman D. Elaine , Ivan Cristina
Published: April 2016

This chapter introduces a new approach to the risk assessment for violent extremism that is focused on cyber-related behaviour and content. The Violent Extremist Risk Assessment (VERA-2) protocol, used internationally, is augmented by an optional cyber-focused risk indicator protocol referred to as CYBERA. The risk indicators of CYBERA are elaborated and the application of CYBERA, conjointly with the VERA-2 risk assessment protocol, is described. The combined use of the two tools provides (1) a robust and cyber-focused risk assessment intended to provide early warning indicators of violent extremist action, (2) provides consistency and reliability in risk and threat assessments, (3) determines risk trajectories of individuals, and (4) assists intelligence and law enforcement analysts in their national security investigations. The tools are also relevant for use by psychologists, psychiatrists, communication analysts and provide relevant information that supports Terrorism Prevention Programs (TPP) and countering violent extremism (CVE) initiatives.
Spear Phishing
Authors: Vishwanath Arun
Published: April 2016

The ubiquitous use of the Internet has made it possible for terrorist groups to remotely foment attacks with little risk of capture. Among the newest forms of attacks is cyber hacking, which has seen increased use by terrorist groups for acts ranging from pinpointing targets for assassination to holding organisations hostage and embarrassing governments. In almost all these attacks, spear phishing is the vector used to gain access to a computer network – making it imperative that policymakers find ways to stop it. This chapter provides an overview of the different types of spear phishing attacks and the reasons they succeed. The chapter then provides an overview of the different strategies being used to combat it and their relative effectiveness. Drawing from the latest social science research and from initiatives that have worked around the world, the chapter culminates with six policy suggestions, which could significantly reduce the effectiveness of spear phishing and protect nations from a major cyber attack.
Stock Market and Macroeconomic Behavior
Authors: Nisha Nabila
Published: April 2016

An impressive body of research has documented that movement in stock prices are highly sensitive to changes in the macroeconomic variables of an economy. Past empirical studies have examined this relationship across different stock markets by either outlining the influence of only domestic factors or a few global variables. A recent phenomenon has been the shift of academic interest to the emerging economies to investigate this presumed linkage by focusing more on global factors due to the trend of globalization. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine the influence of only global macroeconomic factors upon stock returns in the emerging stock market of Pakistan. By employing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), findings indicate that significant influence of the global macroeconomic factors of the international interest rates and the world price index is observed, which implies a gradual integration of KSE towards the global financial markets. Limitations and implications for practice and research are also discussed.
The Impact of Media Richness on the Usage of Web 2.0 Services for Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Gyamfi Albert
Published: April 2016

The study investigates the impact of the use of web 2.0 applications on knowledge transfer in the Cocoa Sector in Ghana. Transferring knowledge via social media websites has received widespread attention by organizations. However, in most developing countries like Ghana, knowledge transfer still remains a major challenge, especially in the Cocoa Sector. The selection of media for a given task depends on the richness of the media and the characteristics of the task. The four modes of knowledge transfer theorized by Nonaka, require the use of media with varying degrees of richness. The study proposed that the usage of web 2.0 applications for the different modes of knowledge transfer can be affected by their media richness. And the use of web 2.0 applications for the knowledge transfer modes can influence knowledge transfer success. The study was conducted using a mixed method approach with a survey questionnaire. The results of the data analysis confirmed that the media richness of the selected web 2.0 applications affect their usage for the different modes of knowledge transfer.
Comparative Analysis of Forging Rolling and Cross-Wedge Rolling of Forgings from Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V
Authors: Tofil Arkadiusz , Tomczak Janusz , Bulzak Tomasz
Published: April 2016

Theoretical-experimental results of forging rolling and cross-wedge rolling of stepped shafts forgings from titanium alloy Ti6Al4V are presented in this paper. Theoretical assumptions were based on the results of numerical simulations conducted by means of finite element method with the application of software Simufact Forming. During numerical simulations optimal parameters of the rolling processes were determined in view to possibility of obtaining forgings of assumed quality and stable process course. Experimental verification was conducted in universal forging rolling mill of own design, which allows for realization of such processes as splitting without waste, forging rolling and cross as well as cross-wedge rolling processes. During conducted research influence of the way of rolling on the obtained parts quality and the process force parameters were determined. Complex analysis of the chosen rolling parameters impact on the rolling process course and quality of finished products was made. Conducted research showed that it is possible to roll axi-symmetrical forgings of stepped shafts both in transverse and longitudinal arrangement. However, forgings rolled crosswise are characterized by larger precision than in comparison with semi-finished products in longitudinal arrangement.
Numerical Simulation of Forming Process for Cover with Stiffening Components Made of Grade 2 Titanium Sheet Metal
Authors: Więckowski Wojciech
Published: April 2016

This study presents the findings of numerical simulations of forming process for an inspection hole cover with stiffening ribs made of thin grade 2 titanium sheet metal. The numerical simulation was carried out using the FEM method with PAMStamp 2G software. Numerical calculations were performed with consideration for the phenomenon of material strain hardening and anisotropy of plastic properties of the sheet metal formed. Properties of the grade 2 titanium alloy analysed in the simulations were adopted based on the results of the empirical studies. Adequate parameters of the forming process were selected in order to eliminate unfavourable phenomena of losing of material coherence and sheet metal wrinkling. The effect of conditions of friction between the sheet metal and tool and pressure force of the blank holder on the forming process was investigated. The analysis of the distribution of plastic strain and reduction in wall thickness of the drawn parts can be used for determination of the effect of changes in selected parameters and orientation of the specimen on the process of drawn part forming. The quality of drawn parts was assessed based on the shape inaccuracy determined during simulation of forming. The inaccuracy depended on the conditions of the process and strength properties of the titanium sheet metal.
Correlation of Tribological Properties of Titanium Alloys with their Microstructures
Authors: Frocisz Łukasz , Krawczyk Janusz , Madej Marcin , Kopyściański Mateusz
Published: April 2016

In general titanium alloys are associated with biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as: high biocompatibility, high strength to density ratio. They have been commonly used as a prosthetic material. However the microstructural development by heat treatment, directly correlated with the changes in mechanical properties of the material, allows us to consider these alloys as components of machines. One of the main properties of machine components are tribological properties. Knowledge of tribological properties of the machine elements allow us to determine the parts' viability and improve the functionality of the entire engineering system. Titanium alloys are characterized by the low wear resistance caused by chemical reactivity and easy formation of adhesion joints. Intensive adhesive wear of this material is associated with the strong degradation of the material surface. To determine the influence of microstructure on the tribological properties of titanium alloys, dry sliding wear test was performed. The materials for the investigations were five titanium alloys. The tribological test was performed with a load of 100 N for 2000 s on a 500 m distance. The microstructural observations were performed by light microscopy, in addition the wear mechanism was also investigated and for each sample the mechanism of wear was defined. For this type of tribological test a small proportion of adhesive wear was observed. The main mechanisms of wear were microgridding and microcutting. The increase of material hardness does not seem to impact on the increase of average friction coefficient of the samples. Increase of friction coefficient corresponds to the decrease of mass loss for the titanium alloys.
Educación para una ciudadanía global y aprendizaje intercultural: obstáculos y oportunidades
Authors: Mason Bustos Francis
Published: April 2016

La promoción del aprendizaje intercultural ocupa un rol central en la formación de ciudadanos conscientes de los desafíos que implica vivir en una sociedad global e interconectada. En ello se reconoce la necesidad de aprender a dialogar y convivir en la diferencia, fomentando habilidades concretas que permitan el reconocimiento,valorización y entendimiento de la diversidad cultural en sus múltiples formas y contextos. Distintas organizaciones educacionales internacionales responden a los objetivos de una educación para una ciudadanía global brindando oportunidades de aprendizaje intercultural por medio de programas de intercambio intercultural en el extranjero. Sin embargo, en este contexto la relación entre interculturalidad y educación para una ciudadanía global es compleja y marcada por importantes obstáculos. Entre ellos la promoción de culturas nacionales como expresión de diversidad, la minimización de asimetrías de poder en relaciones interculturales, el no reconocimiento de la permanente tensión entre diversas orientaciones normativas sobre la construcción de un mundo más justo y pacífico, y finalmente las limitaciones de promover la diversidad culturaldes de la distinción entre lo culturalmente propio y lo ajeno. Reconocer estos obstáculos implica ampliar oportunidades para aprender a vivir juntos, y de no ser tomados en consideración, el logro de los objetivo se verá amenazado
Spatio-temporal statistics: applications in epidemiology, veterinary medicine and ecology
Authors: Biggeri Annibale , Catelan Dolores , Conesa David , Vounatsou Penelope
Published: April 2016

Not available.
Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed by Immunohistochemistry and Cytogenetics
Authors: Dey Biswajit , Badhe Bhawana , Govindarajan Krishna Kumar , Ramesh Ranjith Arumbakkam
Published: April 2016

Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (TRCCs) are a group of neoplasms with distinct clinical, histopathological appearance, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic profile. We report a case of Xp11.2 translocation TRCC in an 11-year-old male diagnosed based on immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Newer insights to pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Cherian Iype
Published: April 2016

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a silent epidemic and a global burden. However, when it comes to advancement in our quest to managing patients with head injuries, we seem to be making circles rather than moving forward. In this review paper,we focus on the current understandings in the pathogenesis of TBI that may aid us in providing newer avenues in management of the same.
A case of vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by choroid plexus
Authors: Akay Ali , Rükşen Mete , İşlekel Sertaç
Published: April 2016

Vascular compression has been reported to be the most common reason for vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia (VGN). The treatment may include medications, ganglion blockade with a radiofrequency ablation, and microvascular decompression (MVD). A review of the literature reveals that VGN may develop due to choroid plexus compression, and the number of reported cases is very limited. The current case is the fifth in the relevant literature. In this paper, choroid plexus compression has been shown intraoperatively during the treatment of rare idiopathic VGN using MVD. Complaints of the patient have been resolved following the choroid plexus excision.
Solitary intraspinal juvenile xanthogranuloma in an infant
Authors: Shenoy Asha , Singhal Shruti , Shinde Sweety
Published: April 2016

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic proliferative disorder. We report a case of solitary JXG in an infant presenting as an intraspinal mass. Awareness of this mode of presentation is very important as subsequent prognosis differs from other tumors at the same location. JXG is a self-limiting dermatologic disorder usually occurring in first two decades of life. On rare occasion, it has been reported at extra-cutaneous sites such as central nervous system (CNS), eyes, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys, and in other age groups. Isolated CNS involvement is extremely rare, especially in the spinal cord.
The use of event-related potential (P300) and neuropsychological testing to evaluate cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Nandrajog Puneet , Idris Zamzuri , Azlen Wan , Liyana Alwani , Abdullah Jafri
Published: April 2016

Background: The aim of the study is to compare the amplitude and latency of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) component between a control group and patients after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during 1–7 days (short duration) and 2–3 months (long duration), and to compare the outcome of neuropsychological tests between the long duration postinjury and control study groups. Materials and Methods: We studied responses to auditory stimulation in two main and one subgroups, namely the control healthy group (19 patients, both ERP and neuropsychology test done), the mTBI 1 group (17 patients, only ERP done within 7 days after injury), and the mTBI 2 subgroup (the 17 mTBI 1 patients in whom a repeated ERP together with neuropsychological testing was done at 2–3 months postinjury). Auditory evoked responses were studied with two different stimuli (standard and target stimuli), where the P300 amplitude and latency were recorded from three midline sites and results were compared between the groups, as were the neuropsychological test results. Results: There was a significant prolongation of the target P300 latency values shown by the MBI 1 group measured at the central electrode when compared to the control group, which was also seen when the mTBI 1 and mTBI 2 groups were compared. The results of the P300 amplitude values measured at the frontal electrode showed the control group to have higher readings during the presentation of standard tones when compared to the mTBI 1 group. The mTBI 2 group performed better on some neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: The latency of P300 was significantly prolonged in early mTBI patients who improved over time, and the neuropsychological testing on mTBI 2 patients showed them to be comparable to the control group. The study indicates that ERP should be used as an additional modality of investigation in mTBI patients.