bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pig Xenotransplantation in Beta Cell Replacement: Addressing Challenges and Harnessing Potential for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy
Authors: Piemonti Lorenzo , Citro Antonio , Tomajer Valentina , Partelli Stefano , Caldara Rossana
Published: October 2024

This opinion paper evaluates the potential of porcine islets as a promising alternative in beta cell replacement therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), juxtaposed with the current limitations of human donor islets. It analyzes the compatibility of pig islets with human glucose metabolism, their prospects as a limitless and high-quality source of beta cells, and the unique immunogenic challenges they present in xenotransplantation. Additionally, the paper discusses the regulatory and ethical considerations pertinent to the use of porcine islets. By synthesizing current research and expert perspectives, the paper highlights both the opportunities and significant barriers that need addressing to advance pig islets as a viable therapeutic option. The findings advocate for a balanced and forward-looking approach to the integration of pig islets in T1D treatment, underscoring the need for continued research and dialogue in this evolving field.
Use of Vegetation Activity Index for Evaluation of L-Alpha Amino Acid Treatment in Sugarcane
Authors: Ferraz Dias Neto Américo , Bazo Bergamim Ivan , de Freitas Gonçalves Flavio Roberto , Rossetto Raffaella , Albiero Daniel
Published: October 2024

Accurate assessment of crop vegetative state is crucial for agricultural management, particularly under environmental stress, and detailed field experiments face logistical and cost challenges. This study addresses two key gaps: (1) limited research on the effects of biostimulants, specifically L-alpha amino acids, on sugarcane’s metabolism, yield, and quality; and (2) the need for robust, non-invasive methods to evaluate crop performance. A novel approach is proposed using the Vegetation Activity Index (VAI), derived from integrated NDVI data, as an effective tool for assessing vegetation dynamics over the crop cycle. There was no significant difference in VAI between treated and untreated areas during the plant development cycle (p = 0.342), but a significant increase in VAI was observed in treated areas post-treatment (p = 0.009). Polynomial regression models (R2: 0.921–0.959) effectively explained vegetation variability. VAI and Total Recoverable Sugars per Hectare (STH) data followed a normal distribution, with no significant difference in VAI during the plant development cycle (p = 0.342) and no significant impact on STH (p = 0.492). A strong correlation between VAI and STH for treated areas (r = 0.966, p = 0.034) was observed. The L-alpha biostimulant increased vegetation activity during critical growth periods but did not affect sugar yield. Return on investment analysis indicated high profitability for the treatment.
Utilization of Post-Process Osmotic Solution Based on Tomato Juice Through Spray Drying
Authors: Zimmer Aleksandra , Masztalerz Klaudia , Serowik Małgorzata , Nejman Mariusz , Lech Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

The study focused on utilizing post-process osmotic solution enriched with inulin or maltodextrin, evaluating its potential for spray drying. Parameters such as yield, energy consumption, and the physical properties of the dried solutions and powders—including moisture content (Mc), water activity (Aw), color, true and bulk density, porosity, and glass transition temperature—were analyzed. The effects of carrier type, concentration, and inlet temperature (Tin) were systematically examined. Samples dried with maltodextrin demonstrated over 50% higher yield than those with inulin, with a highest yield of 32.13 ± 0.64% (with maltodextrin) and a lowest yield of 2.75 ± 0.48% (with inulin). Higher Tin improved drying efficiency by reducing Mc but also caused darker powders. Energy consumption increased with rising Tin, peaking at 2295 ± 51 kJ. The Spray Drying Energy Index (SDEI) was introduced to assess energy consumption relative to powder yield, with the most favorable SDEI values observed for processes with the highest total energy consumption. These same samples exhibited lower Mc and Aw values. The lowest bulk density was 0.455 ± 0.004 g·cm−3, while porosity was 58.3 ± 0.7%. The results highlight the potential of spray drying as a sustainable method for utilizing by-products from osmotic dehydration, aligning with the principles of sustainable food practices.
Thymus spp. Aqueous Extracts and Their Constituent Salvianolic Acid A Induce Nrf2-Dependent Cellular Antioxidant Protection Against Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Martins-Gomes Carlos , Nunes Fernando M. , Silva Amélia M.
Published: October 2024

The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases poses a major health concern, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in the onset of these pathologies. Factors such as excessive consumption of sugar-rich and fatty foods, synthetic food additives, pesticides, alcohol, and tobacco contribute to oxidative stress and disrupt intestinal homeostasis. Functional foods arise as a potential tool to regulate redox balance in the intestinal tract. Herbs (such as Thymus spp.) have long been screened for their antioxidant properties, but their use as antioxidants for medicinal purposes requires validation in biological models. In this study, we addressed the potential antioxidant protection and preventive effects of extracts from two thyme species at the intestinal level, as well as their molecular mechanisms of action. Caco-2 cells were pre-exposed (4 h) to aqueous (AD) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts of Thymus carnosus and Thymus capitellatus, followed by a recovery period in culture medium (16 h), and then treated with tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP; 4 h), before analyzing cell viability. The effect of the extracts’ main components was also analysed. Cellular oxidative stress, cell-death markers, and the expression of antioxidant-related proteins were evaluated using flow cytometry on cells pre-exposed to the AD extracts and salvianolic acid A (SAA). Results showed that pre-exposure to AD extracts or SAA reduced TBHP-induced oxidative stress and cell death, mediated by increased levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein. The protective activity of T. capitellatus AD extract was shown to be dependent on NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) protein expression and on increased glutathione (GSH) content. Furthermore, ursolic acid induced cytotoxicity and low cellular antioxidant activity, and thus the presence of this triterpenoid impaired the antioxidant effect of HE extracts. Thus, AD extracts show high potential as prophylactic dietary agents, while HE extracts arise as a source of nutraceuticals with antioxidant potential.
Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process for Autonomous Truck Strategies of Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Mohamed Ahmad , Stone Scott , Oloufa Amr A.
Published: October 2024

This research reports on the development of a model to measure the value of a given traffic strategy for freight truck traffic through the perspective of multiple involved agencies. The model was designed as an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, wherein each perspective was broken down into sub-criteria in subsequent tiers. These sub-criteria would then be compared to each other to determine the overall weights of each perspective in evaluating different traffic control strategies. The model was created to determine the value of four specific perspectives: the Economic, Safety, Environmental, and Mobility Perspectives of a given traffic control strategy. These perspectives were tested through the surveying of 24 experts within the state of Florida involved in the field of transportation, who were consulted to determine the weights of each perspective and its criteria using pairwise comparisons. Once completed, the model was then tested to evaluate the overall priority of three alternatives: one in which no strategy was employed, one in which a strategy was employed at a speed of 55 mph, and one in which it was employed at 75 mph. The results showed that safety was selected as the most important perspective among all the consulted experts. Since the strategy of implementation at 55 mph was deemed the safest, it was calculated as the most sustainable alternative, despite its lower speed and efficiency lowering the economic and mobility priorities. This supports the implementation of the AHP model in upper-level decision making, as it allows management to determine the best decision that will placate all lower-level parties, preventing conflict and increasing overall workplace efficiency.
Analysis of the End-Bearing Capacity of Piles in Sand Under Limited Region Failure by a Mixed Zero-Extension Line Method
Authors: Xie Xinyu , Gong Tao , Wang Zhongjin , Liu Kaifu , Zheng Xudong
Published: October 2024

The failure zone around the pile tip varies greatly with the different failure patterns considered in research on the end-bearing capacity of piles. In an effort to improve the consideration of the size of the failure zone, a new failure pattern is proposed in the estimation of the end-bearing capacity of driven piles in sand and the failure zone is determined by zero-extension line (ZEL). Considering a failure zone limited below the pile end plane and an equivalent frictional contact condition with the equivalent frictional strength fully mobilized at the failure zone boundary, a more realistic prediction of the end-bearing capacity of piles is achieved. Reasonable values of parameters are obtained through parameter and numerical analysis. It is found that the failure zone is roughly within the range of 40° from the vertical direction. Comparison between the ultimate toe capacity predicted by the proposed method, a method directly using cone penetration test (CPT) data, and a method based on characteristic theory shows that the mixed zero-extension line method considering limited region failure has a better consistency with experimental data.
Mitigating Security Vulnerabilities in 6G Networks: A Comprehensive Analysis of the DMRN Protocol Using SVO Logic and ProVerif
Authors: You Ilsun , Kim Jiyoon , Pawana I Wayan Adi Juliawan , Ko Yongho
Published: October 2024

The rapid evolution of mobile and optical communication technologies is driving the transition from 5G to 6G networks. This transition inevitably brings about changes in authentication scenarios, as new security demands emerge that go beyond the capabilities of existing frameworks. Therefore, it is necessary to address these evolving requirements and the associated key challenges: ensuring Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) to protect communications even if long-term keys are compromised and integrating Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) techniques to defend against the threats posed by quantum computing. These are essential for both radio and optical communications, which are foundational elements of future 6G infrastructures. The DMRN Protocol, introduced in 2022, represents a major advancement by offering both PFS and PQC while maintaining compatibility with existing 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards. Given the looming quantum-era challenges, it is imperative to analyze the protocol’s security architecture through formal verification. Accordingly, we formally analyze the DMRN Protocol using SVO logic and ProVerif to assess its effectiveness in mitigating attack vectors, such as malicious or compromised serving networks (SNs) and home network (HN) masquerading. Our research found that the DMRN Protocol has vulnerabilities in key areas such as mutual authentication and key exchange. In light of these findings, our study provides critical insights into the design of secure and quantum-safe authentication protocols for the transition to 6G networks. Furthermore, by identifying the vulnerabilities in and discussing countermeasures to address the DMRN Protocol, this study lays the groundwork for the future standardization of secure 6G Authentication and Key Agreement protocols.
Storage and Processing of Big Data for Geomagnetic Support of Directional Drilling
Authors: Kudin Dmitry V. , Gvishiani Alexei D. , Nikitina Izabella M. , Belov Ivan O. , Dzeboev Boris A. , Grudnev Andrew A. , Dzeranov Boris V. , Krasnoperov Roman I.
Published: October 2024

Modern satellite positioning and navigation technologies are not applicable in specific areas such as the exploration of oil and gas deposits by means of directional drilling techniques. Here, we can rely solely on natural geophysical fields, such as the Earth’s magnetic field. The precise underground navigation of borehole drilling instruments requires a seamless, near-real-time access to operational geomagnetic data. This paper describes the MAGNUS BD hardware-software system, deployed at the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, that provides the efficient accumulation, storage, and processing of geomagnetic data. This system, based on the Big Data (BD) technology, is a modern successor of the MAGNUS processing software complex developed in 2016. MAGNUS BD represents one of the first cases of the BD technology’s application to geomagnetic data. Its implementation provided a significant increase in the speed of information processing and allowed for the use of high-frequency geomagnetic satellite data and expanding the overall functionality of the system. During the MAGNUS BD system’s deployment on a physically separate dedicated cluster, the existing classical database (DB) was migrated to the Arenadata database with full preservation of its functionality. This paper gives a brief analysis of the current problems of directional drilling geomagnetic support and outlines the possible solutions using the MAGNUS BD system.
Hearing Sensitivity to Gliding Rippled Spectra in Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: Nechaev Dmitry , Milekhina Olga , Tomozova Marina , Supin Alexander
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Sensitivity to the gliding of ripples in rippled-spectrum signals was measured in both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Methods: The test signal was a 2 oct wide rippled noise centered at 2 kHz, with the ripples gliding downward along the frequency scale. Both the gliding velocity and ripple density were frequency-proportional across the signal band. Ripple density was specified in ripples/oct and velocity was specified in oct/s. The listener’s task was to discriminate between the signal with gliding ripples and the non-rippled signal. Results: In all listener groups, increasing the ripple density decreased the maximal velocity of detectable ripple gliding. The velocity limit of ripple gliding decreased with hearing loss. Conclusions: The results can be explained by deteriorated temporal resolution in hearing-impaired listeners.
A Note on Extended Genus Fields of Kummer Extensions of Global Rational Function Fields
Authors: Rzedowski-Calderón Martha , Villa-Salvador Gabriel
Published: October 2024

We consider the generalization of the extended genus field of a prime degree cyclic Kummer extension of a global rational function field obtained by R. Clement in 1992 to general Kummer extensions. We observe that the same approach of Clement works in general.
Subverting Attachment to Prevent Attacking: Alteration of Effector Immune Cell Migration and Adhesion as a Key Mechanism of Tumor Immune Evasion
Authors: Mastrogiovanni Marta , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Pathak Rajiv , Di Bartolo Vincenzo
Published: October 2024

Cell adhesion regulates specific migratory patterns, location, communication with other cells, physical interactions with the extracellular matrix, and the establishment of effector programs. Proper immune control of cancer strongly depends on all these events occurring in a highly accurate spatiotemporal sequence. In response to cancer-associated inflammatory signals, effector immune cells navigating the bloodstream shift from their patrolling exploratory migration mode to establish adhesive interactions with vascular endothelial cells. This interaction enables them to extravasate through the blood vessel walls and access the cancer site. Further adhesive interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial for coordinating their distribution in situ and for mounting an effective anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we examine how alterations of adhesion cues in the tumor context favor tumor escape by affecting effector immune cell infiltration and trafficking within the TME. We discuss the mechanisms by which tumors directly modulate immune cell adhesion and migration patterns to affect anti-tumor immunity and favor tumor evasion. We also explore indirect immune escape mechanisms that involve modifications of TME characteristics, such as vascularization, immunogenicity, and structural topography. Finally, we highlight the significance of these aspects in designing more effective drug treatments and cellular immunotherapies.
Integrated miRNA Signatures: Advancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Samara Maria , Thodou Eleni , Patoulioti Marina , Poultsidi Antigoni , Thomopoulou Georgia Eleni , Giakountis Antonis
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer ranks first in incidence and second in deaths worldwide, presenting alarmingly rising mortality rates. Imaging methodologies and/or invasive biopsies are routinely used for screening and detection, although not always with high sensitivity/specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. We have designed a computational approach combining transcriptome profiling, survival analyses, and diagnostic power calculations from 1165 patients with breast invasive carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BRCA). Our strategy yielded two separate miRNA signatures consisting of four up-regulated and five down-regulated miRNAs in breast tumors, with cumulative diagnostic strength of AUC 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. We provide direct evidence regarding the breast cancer-specific expression of both signatures through a multicancer comparison of >7000 biopsies representing 19 solid cancer types, challenging their diagnostic potency beyond any of the current diagnostic methods. Our signatures are functionally implicated in cancer-related processes with statistically significant effects on overall survival and lymph-node invasion in breast cancer patients, which underlie their strong prognostic implication. Collectively, we propose two novel miRNA signatures with significantly elevated diagnostic and prognostic power as a functionally resolved tool for binary and accurate detection of breast cancer and other tumors of the female reproductive system.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Emerging as a Promising Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategy for Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Wu Liwen , Zhang Longze , Huang Minglei , Wu Yan , Jin Sikan , Zhang Yaqi , Gan Xinyun , Yu Ting , Yu Guang , Zhang Jidong , Wang Xianyao
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated liver disease that currently faces limited treatment options. In its advanced stages, AIH can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Recent research has increasingly focused on cell-free therapies, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exos), which have shown promise in treating autoimmune diseases, including AIH. MSC-Exos, as microvesicles with low immunogenicity, high safety, and permeability, can deliver RNA, DNA, proteins, lipids, and various drugs for disease treatment, showing promising clinical application prospects. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current research on MSC-Exos in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. It highlights the significant regulatory effects of MSC-Exos on immune cells and their ability to modify the microenvironment, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties while promoting liver regeneration. Additionally, this review also discusses potential challenges and future strategies for advancing Exo-based therapies in the treatment of AIH.
Visual Outcomes Following Non-Diffractive Extended-Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation in Patients with Epiretinal Membrane in One Eye and Bilateral Cataracts
Authors: Sararols Laura , Guarro Mercè , Vázquez Meritxell , Ruiz Sergi , López Elena , Biarnés Marc
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the visual performance in patients with bilateral cataracts and a unilateral epiretinal membrane (ERM) undergoing cataract surgery with non-diffractive extended depth of focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL) placement in both eyes and phacovitrectomy in the eye with ERM. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, single-arm study. Visual outcomes were measured in monocular and binocular conditions in patients with bilateral cataracts and unilateral ERM stages 2 or 3 implanted with an EDoF IOL. At 6 months, visual acuity (uncorrected and corrected at different distances and contrast levels), contrast sensitivity, and visual disturbances assessed using a Light Distortion Analyzer were determined. Results: We included 22 patients (50% females, mean age of 71.4 ± 5.8 years). Mean monocular best-corrected visual acuities at 100% contrast were 0.07 ± 0.09, 0.23 ± 0.10, and 0.48 ± 0.14 logMAR for eyes with ERM, and 0.02 ± 0.08, 0.19 ± 0.11, and 0.41 ± 0.18 logMAR for fellow eyes for far, intermediate, and near distance vision, respectively. No differences were observed in visual outcomes, contrast sensitivity, or visual disturbances between ERM and non-ERM eyes, except for near distance. No unexpected adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Non-diffractive EDoF IOL can be considered in patients with cataracts and stage 2 or 3 ERM pursuing spectacle independence.
Substantiation of the Effectiveness of Water-Soluble Hydrophobic Agents on the Properties of Cement Composites
Authors: Hodul Jakub , Beníková Tatiana , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to verify the effect of water-soluble hydrophobisations on cementitious composites such as concrete (S1) and cement-bonded particle boards (S2). The research was focused on the water-soluble hydrophobisations based on methylsilanolate (MS), a mixture of silanes and siloxanes (SS) and alcohol with the addition of nano-silica (N). The results provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits and effectiveness of water-soluble hydrophobisations in the context of building materials, outlining a direction towards the development of new, more environmentally friendly solutions in the construction industry. For this reason, alternative raw materials (brick recyclate and brick dust) were used for S1 substrate preparations. How the water-soluble hydrophobisations, including hydrophobisations with the addition of nano-silica (N), affect the process of water evaporation during hydration and the resulting water repellence of the S1 and S2 substrates were experimentally verified through a series of tests, e.g., measurement of the contact angle and depth of water penetration under pressure. The evaluation of the effect of hydrophobisations on the resistance of substrate to aggressive gaseous and liquid environments was observed by the determination of the resistance to carbonation and sulphation processes and the resistance of the concrete to aggressive liquid media (10% H2SO4, 10% CH3COOH). Although the hydrophobisations did not have a significant effect on some aspects of S1, such as the resistance to carbonation and sulphate attack, improvement was observed in other areas, such as the quadrupling increase in contact angle of the surface and 9 mm decrease in water pressure penetration into the concrete substrate.
Advanced Digital Technologies in the Post-Disaster Reconstruction Process—A Review Leveraging Small Language Models
Authors: Rawat Alok , Witt Emlyn , Roumyeh Mohamad , Lill Irene
Published: October 2024

Post-disaster reconstruction of the built environment represents a key global challenge that looks set to remain for the foreseeable future, but it also offers significant implications for the future sustainability and resilience of the built environment. The purpose of this research is to explore the current applications of advanced digital/Industry 4.0 technologies in the post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) process with a view to improving its effectiveness and efficiency and the sustainability and resilience of the built environment. The extant research literature from the Scopus database on built environment reconstruction is identified and described. In a novel literature review approach, small language models are used for the classification and filtering of technology-related articles. A qualitative content analysis is then carried out to understand the extent to which Industry 4.0 technologies are applied in current reconstruction practice, mapping their applications to specific phases of the PDR process and identifying dominant technologies and key trends in technology deployment. The study reveals a rapidly evolving landscape of technological innovation with transformative potential in enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of rebuilding efforts, with dominant technologies including GIS, remote sensing, AI, and BIM. Key trends include increasing automation and data-driven decision-making, integration of multiple Industry 4.0/digital technologies, and a growing emphasis on incorporating community needs and local knowledge into reconstruction plans. The study highlights the need for future research to address key challenges, such as developing interoperable platforms, addressing the ethical implications of using AI and big data, and exploring the contribution of Industry 4.0/digital technologies to sustainable reconstruction practices.
Elevated Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: More than Just Increased Platelet Count
Authors: Isingizwe Zitha Redempta , Meelheim Brooke A. , Benbrook Doris Mangiaracina
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients with ovarian cancer have high platelet counts, which correlate with disease burden, incidence, and lethality of blood clots (thrombosis). We hypothesized that elevated aggregation is associated with both increased platelet number and altered behavior of platelets in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: Healthy controls and patients with suspected or diagnosed ovarian cancer were evaluated for complete blood counts. To evaluate the effects of platelet count versus platelet behavior, equal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) volumes versus equal platelet numbers were used in platelet aggregation assays. Arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and collagen platelet agonists were used to induce aggregation. Volunteers were grouped into healthy controls (23), benign/borderline cases (7), and cancer cases (25 ovarian, 1 colorectal, and 2 endometrial). Results: The rate and amount of platelet aggregation were higher in patients compared to healthy controls regardless of whether the same platelet number or PRP volume was used. Compared to healthy controls, patients with untreated ovarian cancer exhibited high levels of platelet activation markers, P-selectin (27.06 vs. 31.06 ng/mL, p = 0.03), and beta-thromboglobulin (3.073 vs. 4.091 µg/mL, p = 0.02) in their plasma. The significance of the elevation and its correlations with platelet number or PRP volume varied depending on the agonist. Platelet (305.88 vs. 134.12, p < 0.0001) and white blood cell (8.459 vs. 5.395, p < 0.01) counts (×109/L) were elevated pre-chemotherapy and decreased post-chemotherapy, respectively. Conclusions: Elevated platelet aggregation is caused by both altered platelet number and behavior in patients with ovarian cancer. These results support the study of antiplatelet agents for thrombosis prevention in these patients.
A New IL-6-Inducing Mechanism in Cancer with New Therapeutic Possibilities
Authors: Håkansson Leif , Dunér Pontus , Broströmer Erik , Gustavsson Bengt , Wettergren Yvonne , Ghafouri Bijar , Håkansson Annika , Clinchy Birgitta
Published: October 2024

Background: Interleukin-6 is dysregulated in multiple pathological conditions, e.g., cancer and inflammatory diseases. Aim: To investigate new mechanisms for the regulation of pathological IL-6 production. Methods: PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) stimulated by cancer serum factors or specific peptides produce interleukin-6 (IL-6). Immunoregulatory albumin neo-structures and peptides were identified with 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analyses. Il-6 and albumin neo-structures were determined by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: Conformational changes in normal serum albumin by proteolytic degradation generates an IL-6-inducing neo-structure, IL-6-inducing factor (IL-6IF). This neo-structure is immunogenic which results in the production of autoantibodies. IL-6 production induced by IL-6IF and cancer patient sera is inhibited by specific antibodies. The serum concentration of IL-6IF is significantly higher in advanced cancer stages, and its presence is significantly correlated with the survival of the patients. Conclusions: A new mechanism for the induction IL-6 synthesis is presented. Based on this mechanism, the pathological IL-6 production related to enhanced proteolytic activity can be diagnosed and selectively inhibited by specific antibodies. Such antibodies were identified and purified. Thus, the neo-structure, inducing pathological IL-6 production, associated with a reduced survival of cancer patients, can be selectively removed by the therapeutic administration of antibodies leaving the function of IL-6 needed for the normal activity of the immune system intact.
Evaluation of Vincamine Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles as a New Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Ehrlich’s Solid Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Dahran Naief , Othman Mohamed S. , Ghoniem Mohamed E. , Samak Mai A. , Elabbasy Mohamed T. , Obeidat Sofian T. , Aleid Ghada M. , Abo Elnaga Shimaa , Khaled Azza M. , Altaleb Aya A. , Abdel Moneim Ahmed E.
Published: October 2024

Vincamine, a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with vasodilatory properties, is extracted from the leaves of Vinca minor. The present study aimed to determine the potential anticancer effects of vincamine loaded in silver nanoparticles (VCN-AgNPs) in mice with Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC). After tumor transplantation, the mice were divided into five groups: ESC, ESC+Cisplatin (CPN; 5 mg/kg), ESC+VCN (40 mg/kg), ESC+AgNPs (6 mg/kg), and ESC+VCN-AgNPs (20 mg/kg). The administration of VCN-AgNPs to ESC-bearing mice improved their survival rate and reduced their body weight, tumor size, and tumor weight compared to the ESC group. Furthermore, VCN-AgNPs intensified oxidative stress in tumor tissues, as evidenced by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), along with a reduction in the levels of the antioxidants investigated (GSH, GPx, GR, SOD, CAT, and TAC). Furthermore, VCN-AgNPs increased the apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3, decreased the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), increased the inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β, and inhibited angiogenesis by lowering VEGF levels in tumor tissues, all of which led to apoptosis. Furthermore, histopathological studies showed that VCN-AgNPs suppressed the progression of Ehrlich carcinoma and induced the formation of clusters of necrotic and fragmented tumor cells. VCN-AgNPs possess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against ESC because of their pro-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic effects. Additionally, the combination of VCN-AgNPs was more effective and safer than chemically synthesized AgNPs, as indicated by an increase in the lifespan of animals and the total tumor inhibition index.
Novel Computer-Aided Design-Based Collaboration Framework for the Conceptual–Embodiment Design Phase
Authors: Hasby Fariz Muharram , Irianto Dradjad , Diawati Lucia
Published: October 2024

Collaborative production is growing in its importance to the global economy, and along with it, so are other collaborative activities along the production chain, such as collaborative design. Nowadays, collaborative detail design can be implemented using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) through task sharing and Product Lifecyle Management (PLM) systems, but collaborative conceptual design is still poorly supported by CAD. Therefore, there is a need for a dedicated CAD platform that can support collaborative conceptual design as well. This paper contains the basic architecture for a CAD system used in collaborative conceptual–embodiment design, the proposed workflow for using the CAD system, and the design comparison method included in the system, that together comprise a CAD-based collaboration framework for conceptual–embodiment design. The framework is based on Coevolution Design Theory and developed such that it can be used to design complex products in an efficient, collaborative manner. A simple case study describing the use of the framework is included to illustrate how the framework can be used to design a product. In the future, this framework can be used to further develop and build a fully functional CAD system that will help designers to engage in a global collaborative setting.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations and Experiments of Anti-Lock Braking System for Cornering Motorcycles
Authors: Hsu Jie-An , Chen Chih-Keng , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on developing an advanced anti-lock braking system (ABS) for motorcycles, specifically targeting the challenges associated with cornering. Significant roll angles during motorcycle turns can often lead to slipping and the loss of control, increasing the risk of accidents. Existing ABSs primarily address longitudinal dynamics and fail to provide optimal braking control during cornering. To address this gap, this study utilizes BikeSim and MATLAB/Simulink for simulations and experiments to design an ABS that adapts to varying roll angles by analyzing motorcycle dynamics during cornering. A tire model is constructed using the Magic Formula to examine both longitudinal and lateral characteristics under different conditions, which helps determine the current tire slip set-point. The controller, designed with a finite-state machine combined with bang-off-bang control, uses tire slip as the control variable. It adjusts the slip set-point based on changes in roll angle and sends control signals to the hydraulic actuator to regulate braking pressure, ensuring optimal braking performance without the loss of control. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop experiments are conducted, with real-time control commands sent to the hardware platform’s actuator via BikeSim RT. These experiments validate the effectiveness of the designed controller, significantly enhancing braking stability during cornering and improving safety for motorcycle riders.
Shear and Bending Stresses in Prismatic, Non-Circular-Profile Shafts with Epitrochoidal Contours Under Shear Force Loading
Authors: Ziaei Masoud
Published: October 2024

In the field of modern drive technology, conventional form-fit shaft-hub connections, such as the standardized keyway connection, are reaching their mechanical limits due to the space-saving design. The trochoidal profiles are elegant modern shaft-hub connections with a compact design for high-power transmission. This article deals with an analytical approach to determining the stress state in trochoidal profiles under shear bending. The solution completes the existing analytical attempts at the load cases of pure bending and torsion. Similar to the torsional loading case, a conformal mapping must be found that can completely transform the unit circle to the non-circle profile area. The conformal mapping function is deduced from the contour equation of the profile. To check the analytical results, in addition, numerical investigations were carried out. The results of the complementary numerical studies show very good agreement with the analytical solutions. The equations derived for the maximum stresses enable a reliable and cost-effective design of the profile shafts subjected to shear force loading.
Mechanistic Insights into the Antioxidant Potential of Sugarcane Vinegar Polyphenols: A Combined Approach of DPPH-UPLC-MS, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wu Feifei , Lin Bo , Chen Jing , Zheng Fengjin , Yang Yuxia , Rasheed Usman , Chen Ganlin
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the antioxidant potential of sugarcane vinegar, an emerging functional food, by analyzing its polyphenols and underlying molecular mechanisms that intervene in oxidative stress. Using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) assay combined with UPLC-MS analysis, six key polyphenols were identified: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin, protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid. These compounds showed a positive correlation with antioxidant capacity. In a simulated sugarcane vinegar environment, these polyphenols exhibited synergistic antioxidant effects, while in methanol, antagonistic interactions were predominant. Network pharmacology revealed five key polyphenols targeting 10 critical proteins involved in oxidative stress, including the PI3K-Akt and IL-17 signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between these polyphenols and core targets like PTGS2, STAT3, and GSK3B. This study establishes a reference for the antioxidant mechanisms of sugarcane vinegar and highlights its potential for developing functional products.
The Effect of Replacing Peat with Sugarcane Bagasse on the Growth of Cut Flowers and Bulbs of Lily
Authors: Cui Guangfen , Du Wenwen , Duan Qing , Li Xiang , Ma Lan , Wang Jihua
Published: October 2024

In order to evaluate the feasibility of using sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a substitute for peat in lily cultivation, this study examines the effects of replacing different amounts of peat (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) with SCB on the physical and chemical properties of the substrate. The impact on the growth of cut flower and bulbs of the oriental lily variety ‘Siberia’ was investigated. The results show that the pH value, organic matter content, and reducing sugar content of the substrate were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when peat was replaced with SCB. Moreover, the bulk density, permeability porosity, water-holding porosity, and EC value, as well as the contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The bulk density (0.15–0.17 g·cm3), total porosity (64.2–69.6%), and water-holding porosity (41.0–48.4%) of the mixed media were in a suitable range. The addition of SCB led to shorter plant height, a thinner stalk, and a smaller leaf and flower diameter. The contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b in leaves, as well as the activities of sucrose synthetase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) decreased with the increase in SCB in the substrates at different growth stages of lily cut flowers. The correlation analysis showed that, except for bulb height, other quality traits of cut flowers and bulbs were significantly negatively correlated with the pH, organic matter, and reducing sugar content of substrates. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf length and width, flower diameter of cut flowers, as well as the fresh weight, starch content, the activities of SS and SPS of bulbs were significantly positively correlated with the bulk density, total porosity, water-holding porosity, and hydrolyzed N content of substrates (p < 0.05). The load factors of the principal components indicated that the diameter of stem and flower, leaf number, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll of cut flowers and SPS activity in bulbs could be used as the core indicators for evaluating the suitability of lily cultivation substrate. In conclusion, when the proportion of peat replaced with SCB was lower than 50%, the quality of cut flowers and bulbs was the same as that found with whole peat. Thus, SCB has broad application prospects in the soilless cultivation of lily plants.
Editorial for Special Issue “Role of Microorganisms and Their Metabolites in Agriculture, Food and the Environment”
Authors: Sokołowska Barbara
Published: October 2024

Microorganisms and their metabolites play a crucial role in agriculture, food production, and environmental sustainability, offering solutions to challenges like soil degradation, pest management, and climate resilience [...]
NRXN1 as a Prognostic Biomarker: Linking Copy Number Variation to EMT and Survival in Colon Cancer
Authors: Bang Hyun Jin , Shim Hyun-Jeong , Park Mi-Ra , Yoon Sumin , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Kim Young-Kook , Lee Hyunju , Nam Jeong-Seok , Hwang Jun-Eul , Bae Woo-Kyun , Chung Ik-Joo , Sun Eun-Gene , Cho Sang-Hee
Published: October 2024

The role of biomarkers in cancer treatment varies significantly depending on the cancer stage. Thus, in clinical practice, tailoring biomarkers to meet the specific needs and challenges of each cancer stage can increase the precision of treatment. Because they reflect underlying genetic alterations that influence cancer progression, copy number variation (CNV) biomarkers can play crucial prognostic roles. In our previous study, we identified potential survival-related genes for colorectal cancer (CRC) by analyzing CNV and gene expression data using a machine-learning approach. To further investigate the biological function of NRXN1, we assessed the use of RNA sequencing, phosphokinase assays, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis. We found that NRXN1 copy number deletion was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), even in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Compared with its expression in normal tissues, NRXN1 expression was lower in tumors, suggesting its potential role as a tumor suppressor. NRXN1 knockdown enhanced CRC cell viability and invasion, and transcriptome analysis indicated that the increased invasion was caused by GSK3β-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These findings highlight NRXN1 copy number deletion as a novel biomarker for predicting recurrence and survival in patients with resected colon cancer.
Detection of Double-Stranded RNA Intermediates During SARS-CoV-2 Infections of Syrian Golden Hamsters with Monoclonal Antibodies and Its Implications for Histopathological Evaluation of In Vivo Studies
Authors: Beythien Georg , de le Roi Madeleine , Stanelle-Bertram Stephanie , Armando Federico , Heydemann Laura , Rosiak Malgorzata , Becker Svenja , Lamers Mart M. , Kaiser Franziska K. , Haagmans Bart L. , Ciurkiewicz Malgorzata , Gabriel Gülşah , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , Baumgärtner Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the challenges posed by the emergence and rapid global spread of previously unknown viruses. Early investigations on the pathogenesis of newly identified viruses are often hampered by a lack of appropriate sample material and conventional detection methods. In this study, viral replication within the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters was assessed by immunolabeling dsRNA intermediates with three different monoclonal antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The presence of dsRNA was compared to viral antigen levels, viral titers, and genomic RNA replicates using three different variants of concern and an ancestral virus strain at a single time point and during the course of infection with an ancestral variant, and then validated using fluorescent 2-plex in situ hybridization. The results indicate that the detection of viral infection using anti-dsRNA antibodies is restricted to an early phase of infection with high viral replication activity. Additionally, the combined detection of dsRNA intermediates and viral antigens may help to bridge the interpretation gaps between viral antigen levels and viral titers at a single time point. Further testing in other viral infections or species is needed to assess the potential of dsRNA as an early marker for viral infections.
3D Map Combined with Transthoracic Echocardiography for Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contractions/Ventricular Arrhythmia from Papillary Muscle: A Technical Report
Authors: Mirzeyeva Gozal , Heukäufer Matthias , Janschel Sarah , Schneppe Daniel , Ebrahimi Ramin , Dörr Marcus , Kiuchi Márcio Galindo , Futyma Piotr , Martinek Martin , Pürerfellner Helmut , Templin Christian , Chen Shaojie
Published: October 2024

Ventricular arrhythmias originating from the papillary muscle of the ventricles are complex clinical problems. Catheter ablation has the potential to cure these arrhythmias. However, the procedure is usually challenging due to the specific anatomy, catheter instability and difficulty in localization of the origin of the arrhythmias. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has been reported to be the suitable imaging method for assessing the location of focus in papillary muscles. We used transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), as a noninvasive cost-effective imaging supporting modality, in combination with 3D mapping to guide the exact localization and successful ablation of papillary muscle-originating premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).
Posterior Correction and Fusion Using a 4D Anatomical Spinal Reconstruction Technique Improves Postural Stability Under the Eye-Closed Condition in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Osuka Satoshi , Sudo Hideki , Yamada Katsuhisa , Tachi Hiroyuki , Fukushima Akira , Mani Hiroki , Watanabe Kentaro , Sentoku Fuma , Chiba Takeshi , Hori Hiroaki , Iwasaki Norimasa , Mukaino Masahiko , Tohyama Harukazu
Published: October 2024

Background: Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been reported to exhibit impaired postural stability. Posterior correction and fusion using four-dimensional (4D) anatomical spinal reconstruction techniques may improve postural stability to correct the spine for optimal anatomical alignment. This prospective study aimed to determine the effect of posterior correction and fusion using a 4D anatomical spinal reconstruction technique on postural stability in the eye-open and eye-closed standing position in patients with thoracic AIS. Methods: Thirty-three patients with AIS, excluding those with Lenke type 5C AIS, participated in the study. The mean and standard deviation of the minimum values of the time-to-boundary (TTB) were determined. All patients were asked to perform the quiet standing position under the eye-open and eye-closed condition on a force plate preoperatively and at 1 week and 2 years postoperatively. The TTB value was calculated from the velocity and distance to the foot boundary of the acquired center-of-pressure data. Results: Under the eye-closed condition, the mean and standard deviation of the minimum TTB were significantly higher at 2 years postoperatively than preoperatively and at 1 week postoperatively. The mean and standard deviation of the minimum TTB values were significantly lower at 1 week postoperatively than preoperatively. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that surgery using the 4D anatomical spinal reconstruction technique reduces postural stability immediately after surgery; however, it improves postural stability at 2 years compared to the preoperative values.