bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the standard of living in the Chechen Republic in 2010–2019
Authors: Reshiev S.S. , Vagapov A.S. , El'murzaev U.A.
Published: December 2020

Subject. The article addresses the standard of living of the population in the Chechen Republic during 2010–2019.
Objectives. We focus on developing a set of substantiated proposals for the agents of the State regional and socio-economic policy in the Chechen Republic, aimed at increasing the level of development and competitiveness of the region's economy.
Methods. The paper employs the systems analysis, general scientific and economic-statistical research methods.
Results. The study shows that the standard of living of the population in the Chechen Republic in 2010–2018 improved at a faster pace than in other subjects, included in the analysis. We demonstrate that high growth rates of the standard of living during the period under study have been achieved, first of all, due to the effectiveness of all development programs implemented in the region. Based on the performed analysis, we offer a set of reasonable measures for the agents of socio-economic policy in the Chechen Republic, enabling to create an effective competitive economy in the Republic within the foreseeable future.
Conclusions. To improve the standard of living in the Chechen Republic to the average Russia’s level in the foreseeable future, the conductors of the State regional policy should solve specific tasks. It will also enable the Chechen Republic to fully and on a mutually beneficial basis integrate into the single socio-economic space of the country and world economic processes.
Analysis of the Bank of Russia's activities
Authors: Smirnov V.V.
Published: December 2020

Subject. This article analyzes the activities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
Objectives. The article aims to reveal the type of activity of the Bank of Russia in the modern economy.
Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and statistical analysis.
Results. The article assesses the changes in summarizing financial indicators presented on the official website of the Bank of Russia. As a result of the assessment, it reveals the Bank of Russia's activities to maintain a stable level of mandatory reserves for the funds raised by credit organizations in the domestic currency. The study describes the typed activities of the Bank of Russia.
Conclusions and Relevance. The identified typed activity of the Bank of Russia indicates the need to remove the priority in retaining the reserve position in the IMF, thereby expanding the ability of the Russian Ministry of Finance to cover the budget deficit through federal loan bonds. The results of the study form the necessary level of competence of State authorities to make management decisions to eliminate inconsistencies in the activities of the Bank of Russia in the constitutional and legal status.
Sustainability of workers in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic: international research experience
Authors: Popov A. V. , Soloveva T. S.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article was to study the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainability of workers. The paper analyses relevant domestic and foreign publications in the field of labour and employment. There is no single point of view regarding remote employment as one of the most effective ways to preserve health of workers. Among the main disadvantages of remote employment are the lack of live communication and contacts with colleagues, difficulties with organizing the workflow in the technological aspect, as well as the difficulty of combining work and household responsibilities. Researchers have an unambiguous position on reducing the number of working hours, fears of losing jobs or earnings – such risks are increasing in many regions of the world, and part of the population has already directly faced such problems. At the same time, for example, fears of losing a job largely depend on the form of ownership, the specifics of the organization’s activities, etc. The study pays particular attention to the situation of certain categories of workers and vulnerable segments of society in the labour market. The authors outline the prospects for remote employment and maintaining the sustainability of the position of workers in the new socio-economic reality.Keywords: coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, employment, labor market, labor relations, non-standard employment, remote employment, transformation of employment, unemployment
Foreign trade of Russia and Vietnam: modern trends and prospects of development
Authors: Anikin B. A. , Anikin O. B. , Thyong N. Q.
Published: December 2020

The subject of this study is trade between Russia and Vietnam. The purpose of the study is to identify historical features, prevailing trends, development trends, current status and prospects for the development of international trade between the specified countries. The research method is based on the logistics function of P.F. Verhulst and consists of: 1) selecting predicted values, initial value and indicators used for forecasting; 2) calculating the indicators necessary for compiling a system of equations; 3) forming a system of equations and solving it; 4) calculating forecasted indicators; 5) building a graphical forecasting model; 6) formulating conclusions. The paper presents a historical overview of trade relations between Russia and Vietnam. The study develops a mathematical model for forecasting exports and imports of Russia and Vietnam by individual indicators until 2025. The authors perform the calculation using statistical data for the period 2011–2018. The article presents the results of calculations graphically. Based on the results of calculation the paper formulates the main directions, trends and prospects for the development of foreign trade of both countries until 2025. The results of the study can be used to teach disciplines that deal with trade issues between Russia and Vietnam. The research materials may be of interest to business companies and government agencies dealing with issues related to international trade and forecasting.
Public administration risks in the migration sphere in the context of digital transformation
Authors: Ledeneva V. Yu. , Rakhmonov A. Kh.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the processes of digitalization of migration as a state policy aimed at improving the regulation of migration flows. The purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of digitalization of migration in Russia and at the international level, the positive aspects of this process and the main risks and threats arising during the implementation of digital technologies for making managerial decisions. The relevance of the study is associated with the necessity of introduction of digital technologies in the state management of migration processes. The paper reveals the concepts of digital transformation and the digital state. The authors note the difficulties that arise when trying to define digital technologies due to the unique and changeable social environment in which they are created. The study used systematic and comparative methods, content analysis of print and electronic media, analysis of scientific sources, which made it possible to study digital technologies as an object of state management of migration processes. According to the results of the analysis the paper concludes that digital transformation technology can influence the management of international migration in three different dimensions: 1) increase the gap between developed and developing countries; 2) contribute to the modernization of traditional methods used in the practices of international organizations; 3) influence the adoption of new, more informed management decisions in the field of migration to ensure border security. The authors reveal the main problems that developers of digital technologies and representatives of government bodies may face when mass implementing these technologies in migration practice. The conclusions of the article can be useful for interested government authorities involved in the regulation of migration processes.
Privatization of National Assets: Solution to Fiscal Deficits
Authors: Najma Sadiq  , Ume Laila  , Tahir Mehmood  , Tooba Rehan Haqqi
Published: December 2020

This paper is exploratory in nature and shall investigate the nature of privatization law keeping in focus the impact this law has created on the fiscal deficits. State Owned Enterprises are the surfeit of a nation which provides those goods and services which the market sometimes is unable to provide. These enterprises have a large share in the macro-economic structure of a county that aims in providing goods and services at a rate that is affordable for everyone. Through this paper the attention of the concerned authorities shall be drawn towards the fact that privatization is not the ultimate solution to all economic problems and that there are numerous other options and choices which will to cater the declining nature of our economy and increase in the heavy debts. This paper also has some factual reasoning regarding the enterprise which have been privatized but are not working up to the mark. Hence the gap in the nature of the policy making must be addressed looking for policies that will revive the working of SOE’s. the recommendation proposed in this paper allows foreign investors to invest in the public assets as it would increase the trading between the countries.
E-Governance as a Roadmap to Good Governance: A Digital Punjab Perspective
Authors: Ume Laila  , Najma Sadiq  , Tahir Mehmood  , Muhammad Farhan Fiaz
Published: December 2020

A new wave of technology hit at the turn of millennium which inspired millions around the world to utilize information technology in their daily lives. Governments have also started taking technological initiatives, as it makes their processes cost and time efficient – but the question remains, does e-governance make the government activities transparent as well? What is the level of accountability in the e-governance mechanism? Innovations in the government processes are flowing easily after the advent of e-governance. Even though there is a huge digital divide between the rural and urban areas of Pakistan, which consequently translates into slower implementation of technological services, in backward areas, the Punjab Information and Technology boards is taking leaps in delivering the public service which spans but is not limited to the health, education and law and order sectors.
Vision-based Size Estimation and Centroid Positioning of Partially Occluded Fruits
Authors: Kyu Mya Thin Kyu , Aung Nay Zar
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to propose a simple and efficient image processing algorithm for estimating the size and centroid of partially occluded round fruits. In the proposed method, the size and centroid of partially occluded fruit were estimated based on the mathematical properties of the arc-radius. The experimental tests were conducted in a laboratory with orange, Sunkist, apple, and tomato fruits by setting different occlusion conditions. The occlusion percentage was varied between 0% and 90%. The accuracy and processing time of the proposed method were compared with that of the widely-used conic-section circle fitting method. The results showed that the proposed method resulted in an overall accuracy of 95.1% and processing time of 0.66 s, as opposed to 60.2% and 0.68 s, respectively, using the conic-section equation. Compared with the conic-section equation, the proposed method was able to give a more robust prediction, even for low resolution images.
Fabricating Different Laminate Composites by Manual Layup and Estimating the Optimum Parameters for CNC Milling Machine
Authors: Alkhafaji Ghadak M. , Alshammaa Fathi A. , Khalid Enas A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper the ability of fabricating laminate composites by manual layup was discussed. Heating method was used to manufacture the composites; heat was applied to approximately 12 hours with specific heat temperature. There were four types of laminate composites fabricated and studied in this research, containing Aluminum alloy 6061 as the common element in all types, two types of fibers; woven Carbon fiber with two different orientations: ±45°, ±60°, random fiberglass and with two types of resin; epoxy resin and polyester resin. Different types of composites were made to determine the effect of CNC milling machine to the measured surface roughness and for specified parameters. The weight fraction ratio of the fibers is 37%, polymer is 34% and 29% for Aluminum. The parameters selected are spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The L9 Taguchi orthogonal arrays, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are selected to determine the effect of these parameters; it was analyzed by MINITAB 17 program. The results showed that the parameter were significant more to the epoxy resin specimens than polyester resin specimens. The optimal milling parameters for good surface finish for Aluminum – Carbon fiber composite are at 3000RPM, 1200mm/min, 1.2mm, and for Aluminum – Fiberglass composite are 5000RPM, 1800 mm/min, 2.0mm.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PERAMALAN SPACE TIME
Authors: Choiriyah Evita , Syafitri Utami Dyah , Sumertajaya I Made
Published: December 2020

Based on Statistics Indonesia (BPS) South Sulawesi is one of the national rice granary province. There are three regions, Bone, Wajo, and Gowa that contribute to the high production of rice in South Sulawesi. However, rice production in Indonesia especially South Sulawesi often declined sharply due to climate disturbances, such as drought or flood. Therefore, Indonesia's government should provide a forecast related to rice production accurately to ensure the availability of food stocks as an integral part of national food security. Moreover, rainfall as climate factors should be included to produce an appropriate forecast model that can be expected to generate the estimation of the rice production data accurately. This research focused on comparing the forecasting model of rice production data by SARIMAX and GSTARIMAX model and used rainfall as explanatory variables. The SARIMAX model is a multivariate time series forecasting model that can accommodate the seasonal components. In contrast, the GSTARIMAX model, which is equipped with an inverse distance spatial weight matrix, is a space-time forecasting model that involves interconnection between locations. The GSTARIMAX model built for rice production forecasting in Bone, Wajo, and Gowa is GSTARIMAX (2,1,0)(0,1,1)12. Rainfall as an explanatory variable was significant at each location. The comparison of rice production forecasting models for the next six periods in four locations showed that the GSTARIMAX model provided more stable forecasting results than the SARIMAX model, viewed from the average MAPE value of the GSTARIMAX mode in each location.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Adhoc-Network and Electronic Government in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Goni Ibrahim , Saidu Abdulrahman , T. Umar Maigari , Mohammad Murtala
Published: December 2020

E-Government is the use of information and communication Technologies (ICT) such as internet, smart phones,telecommunication, mobile company among others to interact between government and the citizens in running the affairs of the country such as decision making etc. The impact and potential of ICTs have not been fully exploited in the Nigerian context,leaving government in a weak position to formulate policy comprehensively and implement plans effectively. In addition to the implementation of e-government in some part of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria Abuja, but its effectiveness is not impressive. The citizens connection to the government is limited it can be improved more easily using electronic means of communication, A reduction in corruption cases as accountability and transparency can also be increased, Equal opportunity will be given to all to access information irrespective of the person’s physical location or disability and the elimination of the bureaucracy experienced in government offices. This research work is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of e-government in federal capital territory of Nigeria Abuja using Seoul Metropolitan Government as a yard stick for measuring the effectiveness.Questionnaire was used as a primary method of data collection, internet and library as secondary data. The data obtained from the questionnaire has been analyzed using frequency table and percentage. The findings of this work shows that 41.91% of the respondents agree e-government initiatives have decreased civil servants corruption in Abuja, 46.81% of the respondents agree that E-government services has increased citizens trust in Abuja, 58.11% of the respondents believe that E-government initiative have increased the accessibility to the government in Abuja however 37.11% agree that Lack of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure is the major problem affecting E-government in Abuja.
The problem of determining the antioxidant additive in transformer oil by chromatographic methods
Authors: Nguyen Duy Hung , Novikov V. F.
Published: December 2020

THE PURPOSE. Transformer oil is widely used in high-voltage electrical equipment and acts as a dielectric and also as a cooling medium. It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compositions with various impurity compounds. During the operation of oil -filled electrical equipment under the influence of the technological operating conditions of high -voltage devices, aging of both transformer oil and solid insulation occurs. In this case, the dielectric properties deteriorate, which can damage the transformer equipme nt. METHODS. To increase the service life of oil-filled electrical equipment, an antioxidant additive is introduced into the transformer oil at the stage of its manufacture, which is most often used as ionol, the concentration of which must be constantly controlled by various instrumental methods. To determine the antioxidant additive in transformer oil, a sample preparation system is used based on liquid-phase extraction with selective solvents, which are used as aliphatic alcohols of various physical and chemical nature. RESULTS. It has been established that ethyl alcohol, which is widely used in the sample preparation system for liquid extraction of ionol, contains a significant amount of water, which has a negative effect on the process of ionol extracti on from transformer oil. In addition, the composition of ethyl alcohol contains impurity substances that can have a negative effect on the process of liquid-phase extraction of ionol from transformer oil. The generalized data on the physicochemical properties of extractants used to extract ionol from transformer oil are presented. CONLUSION. It has been shown that butanol is the most promising organic solvent for the extraction of ionol, which has a higher boiling point compared to ethyl alcohol and contains a small amount of water. It was found that the selectivity of the chromatographic separation of butanol components with an elevated column temperature increases. At the same time, the separation efficiency increases as the number of theoretical plates per meter of chromatographic column increases. As the temperature of the capillary column increases, the symmetry of the chromatographic peaks of the separated components also increases.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of small scale thermal energy in Russia
Authors: Petrushchenkov V. A. , Korshakova I. A.
Published: December 2020

THE PURPOSE. Perform a review of information sources on the state of small-capacity thermal power in Russia when the unit capacity of steam turbine, gas turbine and gas piston units is less than 25 MW. Evaluate the information sources of the authors of publications that provide statistics for small-scale energy facilities. Make an assessment of the state of small-scale energy in Russia based on a specific list of objects maintained by the authors over the past 25 years. Consider the manufacturers and characteristics of different types of aggregates, as well as the schemes for integrating aggregates into the thermal schemes of existing sources. METHODS. Statistical indicators of small-scale energy facilities presented in tabular form in Excel are determined based on the built-in functions of this program. RESULTS. The production and characteristics of modern units based on steam turbines are considered. Practical schemes for integrating counter-pressure steam turbo generators into the thermal schemes of existing heat sources are presented. Russian and foreign manufacturers and characteristics of electric units based on gas turbines and internal combustion engines operating on the Otto cycle are considered. Thermal diagrams of gas-turbine and gas-piston units producing both electric and thermal energy are given. A statistical analysis of the list of small-scale cogeneration and power plants of simple cycle compiled by the authors is performed. The number of stations of different types, their distribution by total capacity, regions, industries, and years of commissioning are determined. CONCLUSION. It is shown that gas-turbine and gas-piston installations with a total capacity of up to 80% play a decisive role in the structure of small thermal energy. Quantitative indicators - the total number of stations of small-scale power facilities is about 1500 units and the total electric capacity is more than 18 GW allow us to get an idea of the significant role of small-scale heat power in Russia. Quantitative indicators for solar and wind power plants in the country are also considered.
REACTIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE FIVE-MEMBERED RING OF CYCLOPENTAPHENANTHRENE UPON INTERACTION WITH ACETYLENE: A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Semenikhin A. S. , Savchenkova A. S. ,   Samara National Research University, Chechet I. V. ,   Samara National Research University, Matveev S. G. ,   Samara National Research University, Zubrin I. A. ,   Samara National Research University, Frenklach M. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley, Mebel A. M. ,   Samara National Research University,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University
Published: December 2020

Reducing emissions of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the smoke number at the stage of designing and improving of combustion chambers is an urgent engineering and environmental task that requires improvement of the currently used predictive combustion models. The submechanisms describing the growth of PAHs in such models are incomplete and valid only in a narrow range of initial conditions. Further refinement of the kinetics of PAH and soot formation is associated with the need for more theoretical and experimental studies.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE COMBUSTION WITH AND WITHOUT TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE ADDITIVES: INVESTIGATION BY LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE AND COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Trubachev S. A. ,   V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Korobeinichev O. P. ,   V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kobtsev V. D. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Kozlov D. N. ,   A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kostritsa S. A. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Smirnov V. V. ,   A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkov S. Yu. ,   A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kumar Amit ,   Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology
Published: December 2020

The influence of triphenyl phosphate additives on the characteristics of flame propagation along a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sample has been shown by laser-induced fluorescence and coherent anti-Stokes light scattering spectroscopy.
EFFECT OF METALLIC FUEL NATURE ON COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE / BINDER / METAL COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELLANTS
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Poryazov V. A. , Glotov O. G. ,   National Research Tomsk State University,   V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Arkhipov V. A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Surodin G. S. ,   V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubkova Y. A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: December 2020

The goal of this research is to obtain experimental information about combustion characteristics of the composite propellant containing various metallic fuels. The propellant formulations contained two fractions of ammonium perchlorate (64.6%), inert binder (19.7%) - butadiene rubber SKD plastized with transformer oil, and metal fuel (15.7% of aluminum ASD-4, ASD-6, Alex; boron; aluminum diboride; aluminum dodecaboride; some mixtures of above listed ingredients). Experimental information will be used further as a background to develop the physical and mathematical model of combustion process.
COMBINED PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR PERSPECTIVE REUSABLE SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS OF AVIATION TYPE
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Lanshin A. I. , Sokolova O. V. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The development of different directions in human space activity requires creation of reusable space transport systems (RSTS) for cargo transportation from the Land to the Earth orbit and back.
OUTDOOR TESTS OF A TOWED BOAT MODEL WITH FUEL COMBUSTION IN A BOTTOM CAVITY
Authors:   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV S. M. ,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Platonov S. V. ,   “Almaz” Central Marine Design Bureau, AVDEEV K. A. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Scademy of Sciences, AKSENOV V. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Scademy of Sciences, IVANOV V. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ZANGIEV A. E. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SADYKOV I. A. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV F. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SHAMSHIN I. O. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

To reduce the hydrodynamic drag force to the movement of the boat, an artificial gas cavity is organized under its bottom. Such a cavity partially insulates the bottom from direct contact with water and provides “gas lubrication” by means of forced supply of atmospheric air or exhaust gases from the main propulsion system. A proper longitudinal and transverse shaping of the gas cavity can significantly (by 20%-30%) reduce the hydrodynamic drag of the boat at low (less than 3%) consumption of the propulsion system power for gas supply.
Guidelines for Return to Presential Classes: Consensus Proposal in Accordance with the National and International Health Regulatory Agencies
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) caused an unprecedented crisis in the area of education, causing the massive closure of classroom activities by educational institutions in more than 190 countries. By mid-May 2020, more than 1.2 billion students at all levels of education world- wide have stopped taking face-to-face classes. Therefore, the reopening of schools, colleges, and universities during the COVID-19 pandemic represents a special challenge worldwide in order to ensure the safety of students and staff. The guidelines need to outline the creation of a task force at each university, risk screening based on school, travel history, occupation, contacts, groups, and self-management. Objective: In this way, the present work had as objective to propose a guideline of return to the face-to-face classes based on the main regulatory criteria of government agencies in Brazil and the world. Methods: The present study followed a review model of the main national and international public health legislation as UNESCO, WHO and ANVISA. Development and Strategies: According to the process of economic reopening in Brazil and the world, the return to educational activities begins with the effective need to develop an action plan inherent to this resumption, gradually and safely. The resumption requires several strategic mea- sures adopted by the executive powers of all spheres of power (federal, state and municipal), allowing at that moment the safe, but gradual, resumption of economic activity, reducing the harmful and collateral effects in terms of social inequality. Conclusion: Multiple intervention strategies at the school and reductions in transmission in the community, in addition to the extent achieved so far, will be necessary to avoid the excessive undue risk associated with the reopening of the school.
Trends in Interactional Competence: Targeting Engagement and Explicit Utterances
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to examine how an IELTS candidate keeps himself engaged in communication and conveys his ideas clearly to the examiner in the speaking section. Despite very occasional errors, the candidate shows fluency and a good mastery of vocabulary and grammatical knowledge. His performance demonstrates his abilities in interactional competence, a construct of speaking pedagogy that highlights dynamics of interaction between participants of a conversation. The nature of interactional competence requires the speaker to make utterance explicit to the listener and actively respond to the conversation partner. Influencing factors of interactional competence include speaking skills, communication abilities, cognitive skills and contextual factors. Issues might arise from unmanageable factors in some occasions, which requires the test taker to adapt to changes and adjust utterances as an engaged listener. Thus, contingent responses reflect comprehension and engagement in interactions. In this case, the speaker responds to the examiner by expanding information with a flexible use of vocabulary, grammatical structures and pronunciation skills. Examples show that major contributors to errors might be inattentiveness and lack of context awareness. If he fixes the problems in his speech, he can improve his rating on the marking rubric in future tests.
Functional outcome of the treatment of AO-ASIF type C distal humerus fracture using Lambda plate
Authors: Bista Krishna Bahadur , Shrestha Rabeendra Prasad , Shrestha Bhola , Kandel Ishwar Sharma , Dakal Rabi Mohan
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Although the use of two plates for the treatment of type-C distal humerus fracture is popular, site of plate placement still is under debate. Use of Lambda plate for the fracture treatment can be easier and settle the dispute. This study aims to evaluate the functional outcome of the surgery using Lambda Plate. This can be a reference for surgeons and helps them make the decision about choice of implant for type C distal humerus fracture treatment among Nepalese people.

Methods: This interventional study used Lambda plate for the treatment of type C fracture of distal humerus. Patients were examined at 4, 12, and 24 weeks respectively for the measurement of the outcome. Visual analogous scale was used for assessment of pain, range of motion for functional recovery and Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used for the assessment of functional outcome. Paired-samples t-test and linear regression was used to for data analysis.

Results: Functional outcome at the last follow-up was excellent in 24(53.33%) patients, good in 18(40%) patients and fair in 3(6.67%) patients. Range of motion of elbow increased significantly with every follow-up (p-value <0.001). Average angle of flexion at last follow-up was 117.53°±11.74 while loss of extension was 7.53°±4.86. Average number of patients had their fracture union at 19.84±2.38 weeks. There was no association of age, sex and union weeks with functional outcome when measured with MEPS.

Conclusion: Fixation of distal humerus fracture by using Lambda plate gave excellent and satisfying outcome in terms of pain, range of motion and objective functional outcome.
LABORATORY TESTING AND SCREENING FOR SARS-CoV-2: A REVIEW OF CURRENT METHODS
Authors: Marjanović Damir , Primorac Dragan , Matišić Vid , Perić Vitorio , Molnar Vilim , Zadro Renata
Published: December 2020

In a relatively short period of time new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global threat, both to human health and to the functioning of human society in general. This pandemic is certainly neither the first nor is it likely to be the last disease episode in human history. At the moment, it is still too early to make a reliable assessment of its total effect on human civilization, but it can already be stated that this disease, and its causative agent SARS-CoV-2 virus, have caused a strong scientific response all around the World. For the first time in this magnitude, it has united the resources of large scientific institutions and companies with the aim of finding solutions for fast and accurate virus detection procedures, effective and safe vaccine, reliable medical treatments, etc. It is astonishing that only a month has passed from the first officially detected case to the complete sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome and the creation of the first detection systems based on RT-PCR method. After that, numerous scientific teams and companies worked together, or independently, to improve the detection methods. Their work included further optimization of PCR and other genetic approaches, as well as the development of detection methods based on the analysis of specific antibodies and viral antigens. The aim of this paper is to review the results that were achieved in this area so far, analyze the strategies currently used in the world and the region, and to predict future steps in the process of optimizing and improving methods for SARS CoV-2 detection in individual patients and the global human population.
Некоторые идеи к управлению научными исследованиями в процессе формирования цифровой экономики
Authors: Балякин А. А. , Жулего В. Г. , Мун Д. В.
Published: December 2020

В статье излагаются некоторые новые идеи, связанные с новыми возможностями по управлению наукой, которые возникают в процессе цифровизации. Часть изложенных идей уже реализована в других сферах деятельности, в частности в интернете, где широко применяются методы кластеризации по разным признакам. Другие идеи еще не реализованы в должной мере, но могут быть предметом дальнейшего изучения. Авторы считают, что предлагаемый алгоритм «переупаковки проектов» может оказаться эффективным инструментом повышения отдачи от вложений в науку и может привести к росту уровня научных исследований в стране.
İşletme Tarihi’nde Bir Araştırma Alanı Olarak Girişimcilik Kavramı: Kökenleri, Evrimi, Kültür ve Değerler Üzerindeki Etkisine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KESKİN Nurzahit
Published: December 2020

Tarihin önemli olduğunu öne süren ya da mesleki bağımlılıklarının önemini vurgulayanbilim adamları tarafından işletme tarihinin gözden kaçırdığı bazı alanlar vardır.Bu makalenin amacı, bu araştırma alanları içinde en önemli örneklerden birini teşkileden girişimcilik kavramını tarihsel bağlamda ele almaktır. Bu amaçla bölüm girişimciliğintanımına kısa bir giriş yaparak başlamaktadır. İkinci bölümde yapılan literatürdeğerlendirmesine müteakip, üçüncü bölümde bir araştırma alanı olarak girişimcilikkavramı incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde girişimciliğin tarihsel gelişiminin kökenlerive evrimi ele alınmıştır. Beşinci bölümde girişimciliğin kültür ve değerler üzerindekietkileri analiz edilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde ise çalışma genel bir değerlendirme yapılaraksonuçlandırılmıştır.
Rapid deterioration of an asymptomatic lumbosacral lipoma due to formation of an extracanalicular syrinx: case report
Authors: Komori Yumiko , Nonaka Masahiro , Kamei Takamasa , Takeda Junichi , Hashiba Tetsuo , Yoshimura Kunikazu , Asai Akio
Published: December 2020

The authors present the case of a 1-month-old girl with a lumbosacral lipoma who then developed an extracanalicular syrinx and experienced rapid deterioration. The patient’s initial MRI study, obtained before she became symptomatic, revealed a spinal lipoma with a syrinx in contact with the lipoma-cord interface. She was initially asymptomatic but developed loss of motor function in the left leg 14 days after MRI. Emergency surgery was performed. Intraoperative findings revealed a swollen spinal cord. Lipomatous tissue on the caudal side of the conus was removed subtotally, and the central canal was opened. Expansion of the syrinx was observed intraoperatively. Postoperatively, the patient’s left leg paresis remained. Postoperative MRI revealed rostral and extracanalicular expansion of the syrinx. This is the first report on the rapid deterioration of a conus lipoma due to extracanalicular expansion of a syrinx. Careful follow-up and repeat MRI should be considered for patients with spinal lipomas with syringomyelia, especially when the syrinx is attached to the lipoma-cord interface.
Views on Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Among Dutch Physicians: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Tromp Krista , Smedinga Marthe , Richard Edo , Perry Marieke , Schermer Maartje H.N.
Published: December 2020

Background: Hope for future treatments to prevent or slow down dementia motivates researchers to strive for ever-earlier diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on biomarkers, even before symptoms occur. But is a biomarker-based early diagnosis desirable in clinical practice? Objective: This study explores the ethical considerations that shape current clinical practice regarding early AD diagnostics and the use of biomarkers. Methods: In this qualitative study, Dutch physicians were interviewed. Topics included physicians’ views concerning early AD diagnosis in persons with no or mild cognitive impairment, physicians’ considerations regarding current and expected future practices of early AD diagnosis, the use of biomarkers, and the use of the concepts preclinical and prodromal AD. We analyzed the transcripts using directed content analysis. Results: 15 general practitioners, neurologists, and geriatricians in the Netherlands were interviewed. Most of them interpreted an early AD diagnosis with an early diagnosis of dementia. We identified six clusters of considerations sometimes in favor but most often against pursuing an early AD diagnosis in people with no or mild cognitive impairment that influence physicians’ diagnostic decision-making: preferences and characteristics of persons, test characteristics, impact on care, type of setting, disease concepts, and issues on a societal level. Conclusion: The discussion concerning an early AD diagnosis based on biomarkers which is widely held in the scientific field, has not entered clinical practice structurally. A biomarker-based early diagnosis does not fit within Dutch physicians’ views on what good care for people with no, subjective, or mild cognitive impairment should entail.
Prevalence and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: McGrattan Andrea M. , Zhu Yueping , Richardson Connor D. , Mohan Devi , Soh Yee Chang , Sajjad Ayesha , van Aller Carla , Chen Shulin , Paddick Stella-Maria , Prina Matthew , Siervo Mario , Robinson Louise A. , Stephan Blossom C.M.
Published: December 2020

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive state associated with increased risk of dementia. Little research on MCI exists from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite high prevalence of dementia in these settings. Objective: This systematic review aimed to review epidemiological reports to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors in LMICs. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until November 2019. Eligible articles reported on MCI in population or community-based studies from LMICs and were included as long as MCI was clearly defined. Results: 5,568 articles were screened, and 78 retained. In total, n = 23 different LMICs were represented; mostly from China (n = 55 studies). Few studies were from countries defined as lower-middle income (n = 14), low income (n = 4), or from population representative samples (n = 4). There was large heterogeneity in how MCI was diagnosed; with Petersen criteria the most commonly applied (n = 26). Prevalence of amnesic MCI (aMCI) (Petersen criteria) ranged from 0.6%to 22.3%. Similar variability existed across studies using the International Working Group Criteria for aMCI (range 4.5%to 18.3%) and all-MCI (range 6.1%to 30.4%). Risk of MCI was associated with demographic (e.g., age), health (e.g., cardio-metabolic disease), and lifestyle (e.g., social isolation, smoking, diet and physical activity) factors. Conclusion: Outside of China, few MCI studies have been conducted in LMIC settings. There is an urgent need for population representative epidemiological studies to determine MCI prevalence in LMICs. MCI diagnostic methodology also needs to be standardized. This will allow for cross-study comparison and future resource planning.
Cross layer design with extensive virtual MIMO: FS-MUP optimization model for wireless sensor network
Authors: Prajapati Monali , Joshi Dr. Jay
Published: December 2020

In the wireless sensor network (WSN), wireless communication is said to be the dominant power-consuming operation and it is a challenging one. Virtual Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (V-MIMO) technology is considered to be the energy-saving method in the WSN. In this paper, a novel multihop virtual MIMO communication protocol is designed in the WSN via cross-layer design to enhance the energy efficiency, reliability, and end-to-end (ETE) and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. On the basis of the proposed protocol, the optimal set of parameters concerning the transmission and the overall consumed energy by each of the packets is found. Furthermore, the modeling of ETE latency and throughput of the protocol takes place with respect to the bit-error-rate (BER). A novel hybrid optimization algorithm referred as Flight Straight Moth Updated Particle Swarm Optimization (FS-MUP) is introduced to find the optimal BER that meets the QoS, ETE requirements of each link with lower power consumption. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is evaluated over the extant models in terms of Energy Consumption and BER as well.
Leveraging on big data and advanced technologies to enhance domestic revenue mobilization
Authors: Gichohi Beatrice W.
Published: December 2020

Businesses are getting smarter with analytics. Tax agencies across the globe are increasingly relying on digital methods to mobilize revenue. This has resulted in an unprecedented amount of citizens’ Data flowing between systems, businesses enterprises, institutions, and governments. This Data has the potential to help increase revenue collections through targeted compliance initiatives, expanding the tax base, and improving overall operational efficiency. Tax administrations, therefore have an opportunity to deliver value in this new era of digital tax by embracing enterprise initiatives and transformations that facilitate enhanced Data utilization. To enhance the use of Data analytics there is a need for a shift in mind-set around how Data is managed and analyzed. Kenya Revenue Authority implemented a transformation agenda titled ‘Towards being an insight driven Tax Authority’, aimed at drastically enhancing the Authority’s performance in a rapidly changing environment. This would see the enterprise leverage on Data warehousing, business intelligence and advanced analytical skills and tools to transform Data management and utilization. To optimize the value of analytics there has been initiatives towards integrating with big Data sources including Data sourced from third parties. This transformation can only happen if there is a deliberate initiative to build Data literacy including skills in Data mining, modelling, artificial intelligence; among others. This paper aims at exploring how a government revenue mobilization authority is transforming and is leveraging on its digital systems, big Data, and advanced analytics to enhance revenue mobilization for the government.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Guru Tentang Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Dengan Sikap Guru Kepada Peserta Didik
Authors: Ghozali Muhammad , Pratama Dinar
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between teacher knowledge about Law Number 35 of 2014 and the attitude of teachers to students. This research is a type of quantitative research with a correlational method. Through data collection techniques in the form of tests and questionnaires. The population taken was all teachers at SMP Negeri Mendo Barat sub-district totaling 68 people with a saturated sample of 68 people. Then the technical data analysis used to test the hypothesis is the product-moment correlation with the teacher's knowledge variable about Law Number 35 of 2014 (X) with the Attitude of Teachers to Students (Y). Furthermore, to test the validity of the independent variable instrument items using the Biserial Point Correlation the results are 29 valid and 1 drop, while the validity of the dependent variable shows 33 valid and 15 drops with a coefficient of 0.20. Then the reliability for the teacher knowledge variable uses the Kuder Richardson-20 (KR-20) and the teacher's attitude variable to students is the Cronbach Alpha formula with an efficiency of 0.71. The results of this study indicate that the teacher's knowledge of Law Number 35 of 2014 with the attitude of the teacher to students with a coefficient of 0.261.
建筑给排水设计中节能减排设计研究
Authors: 杨 静
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为城市化建设工作的全面实施带来了良好的机遇。在这种发展形势下，城市人口数量不断增加，从而为建筑工程项目提出了更高的要求。在整个建筑工程结构中，给排水工程是其中较为重要的一项基础工程，这项工程整体水平和性能往往都与整个建筑工程项目综合性能和质量存在密切的关联。在我国全面落实可持续发展的理念的影响下，在实施建筑给排水设计工作的时候，务必要充分结合各方面因素加以综考虑，有效的提升水资源的利用效率，为城市建设工作全面实施加以保障。
浅析建筑工程主体结构质量检测的有效措施
Authors: 张 驰
Published: December 2020

为确保工程项目建设施工质量安全，必须对施工工程结构进行质量控制。全面开展工程质量检查，确保工程质量，保障人民群众的生命财产的安全，促进国家建设事业的稳定、可持续、更好发展。建筑工程的质量检验，一般采用抽样检验的方法，即由质检员来进行。取样时，任何不规范的地方都会影响取样结果，因此检验员必须严格按照操作要求进行取样。为保证核查结果的真实性，有效的保障工程项目的建造质量。
西天山备战铁矿成岩年代厘定及矿床成因研究
Authors: 李 鹏 , 张 波
Published: December 2020

文中以西天山备战铁矿成岩作为研究对象，对其开展成岩年代厘定分析：成矿情况、样品采集、年代厘定测定结果；探索了矿床成因：确定矿石与围岩情况、分析矿石与矿床形成原因、研究成矿的发展过程，以此探索成岩过程、确定矿床的形成规律，为相关地质研究工作提供研究基础，具有较为深远的地质学研究意义。
基于项目管理的环境与职业健康安全管理体系建设
Authors: 才 睿 , 王 莉 , 高 鹏 , 李 萌萌 , 林 萌
Published: December 2020

环境与职业健康安全管理体系是企业安全生产管理的有力保证，保持其有效运行并持续改进，是规范企业安全生产的重要方法和管理工具。对于航天基层企业来说，环境与职业健康体系的建设是提升总体地位软实力及应对市场化转型的新需求，也是维护员工切身利益和落实社会利益的落脚点。而如何系统化、科学化的管理方法指导体系建设，并通过体系建设进一步发挥精细化管理作用，适应由单一型号向多任务并举发展，确保科研生产任务圆满完成，是航天基层企业长远发展的根本需求。文章阐述了建立面向科研生产和经营活动过程中覆盖全员、全范围的环境与职业健康安全管理体系的总体思路、实施方案和效果评价。
探究采矿工程施工中的不安全技术因素及解决对策
Authors: 李 云
Published: December 2020

为了能够使得采矿工程的开采过程更加安全，这就需要开采集团对其投入大量的资金及人力资源来提高矿场开采的整体质量，当然，这也离不开相关的监督人员做以监督，这种监督主要是对施工过程当中的相关施工技术进行检查，以更好的保证矿场内部的地质，不被人为破坏，而且还能够形成一种相对科学合理的管理模式。当然，提高矿场开采质量，不仅仅应该提高管理水平，还应该提高对施工技术的管理，这样才能够使得企业在开采矿业的过程当中获得较大的收益。