bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Informational Environment in Building Smart City
Authors: Shahin Bahjat Rashad , Awda Muhsin Jabbar
Published: July 2023

The research addresses smart city concept as it is the latest urban design trends, by the investment of the capabilities of human, and artificial intelligence for the sake of the advancement of the city. The concept of a smart city is described as one of the most important manifestations of the information revolution, with the end of the twentieth, and the beginning of twenty – first century, The research attributes the emergence of the concept to: deficiencies of means, and traditional methods in building and development of cities, as well as The significant increase in the number of city and global metropolises dwellers. So, smart city approach has been adopted, along with innovative principles and methods which consolidate the performance and efficiency of the city at services, health, economic, social, and environmental levels. Global studies indicate, to the urban contributions scarcity, in the area of smart city, so the need of vocabularies, elements, and innovative solutions studies have emerged and then the role of information’s in achieving the aim of smart city initiatives.

The research problem is: The acknowledge gap about the impact of the informational environment, to establish smart city initiative. The research adopts the hypothesis: A multi-disciplinary informational thought plays an essential role in achieving smart city initiative.

To address the research problem, the research starts with the definition of the concept of smart city, to provide the knowledge platform, then  addresses the smart city approaches, as well as, smart urban environment, smart city structure, key elements and smart networks, to concludes key vocabulary, indicators and constituents of smart city establishment, Then applied to the case studies with analytical descriptive approach, to conclude the key constituents to establish smart city in Iraq.

The research concluded to confirm the role of the informational thought, represented by global research institutions, and multinational Informational companies, at the level of thought and application, to achieve Smart City, with depending on principles of partnership, pluralism, and sustaining of city smartness, so the smart city is: the conclusion of thought and human knowledge.
Study the Properties of Sodium Silicate Composite as a Barrier Separating Between the Internal Oil Distillation Towers and Chemical Fumes of Crude Oil
Authors: علي سلام حسين , عباس رولا عبد الخضر , كاظم سجى اياد
Published: July 2023

The study of surface hardness, wear resistance, adhesion strength, electrochemical corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity of coatings composed from sodium silicate was prepared using graphite micro-size particles and carbon nano particles as fillers respectively of concentration of (1-5%), for the purpose of covering and protecting the oil distillation towers. The results showed that the sodium silicate coating reinforced with carbon nano-powder has higher resistance to stitches, mechanical wear, adhesive and thermal conductivity than graphite/sodium silicate composite especially when the ratio 5% and 1%, the electrochemical corrosion test confirmed that the coating process of stainless steel 304 lead to increasing the corrosion resistance, where the reinforcing of sodium silicate lead to a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance behavior change depending on the type of reinforcement material, this is consistent with the field test results.
Performance Evaluation of the Investment Projects during the Implementation Phase (Najaf province as a case study)
Authors: Erzaij Kadhim Raheem , Aljanabei Dhefaf Madlool
Published: July 2023

The construction project is a very complicated work by its nature and requires specialized knowledge to lead it to success. The construction project is complicated socially, technically and economically in its planning, management and implementation aspects due to the fact that it has many variables and multiple stakeholders in addition to being affected by the surrounding environment. Successful projects depend on three fundamental points which are cost-time, performance and specifications. The project stakeholder's objective to achieve best specifications and the cost-time frame stipulated in the contract.

The question is, was the optimum implementation accomplished? The provision for the success of the project is how are the daily activities managed by the three stakeholders of the project (contractor, owner, and consultant) and their technical and practical capability to attain the balance of the project fundamental points (cost, time and quality) taking into account the project objectives that were set by the owner. Despite the way, logical framework management and project’s major steps there is a group of elements which become major measures to determine the success or failure of the project, the research interested in these elements by a thorough study of references related to the success of a constructional project. To reinforce the theoretical study a field assessment of the housing project; this led to the recognition of the major elements that caused breaches of the evaluation criteria.

The closed questionnaire and the regular forms based on the data and information collected through the theoretical review and the closed questionnaire to conclude and examine some concepts related by assessing the quality of building materials used in residential investment projects through the stages (planning - design-implementation)

Through the research a lot of deductions were made, the most important is that there cannot be an evaluation system without having a holistic monitoring system in Iraq. It was also deduced that the most important source of project failure is not allocating enough time to the planning phase. Some other recommendations and suggestions for future studies were made also.
Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Strip Foundation Subjected to Eccentric Inclined Loads Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Ali Ahmed Majeed
Published: July 2023

In real conditions of structures, foundations like retaining walls, industrial machines and platforms in offshore areas are commonly subjected to eccentrically inclined loads. This type of loading significantly affects the overall stability of shallow foundations due to exposing the foundation into two components of loads (horizontal and vertical) and consequently reduces the bearing capacity.

Based on a numerical analysis performed using finite element software (Plaxis 3D Foundation), the behavior of model strip foundation rested on dry sand under the effect of eccentric inclined loads with different embedment ratios (D/B) ranging from (0-1) has been explored. The results display that, the bearing capacity of strip foundation is noticeably decreased with the increase of inclination angle (α) and eccentricity ratio (e/B). As well as, a reduction factor (RF) expression was appointed to measure the degree of decreasing in the bearing capacity when the model footing is subjected to eccentric inclined load. It was observed that, the (RF) decreases as the embedment ratio increases. Moreover, the test results also exhibit that, the model footing bearing capacity is reduced by about (69%) when the load inclination is varied from (0° to 20°) and the model footing is on the surface. While, the rate of decreasing in the bearing capacity was found to be (58%), for both cases of footing when they are at embedment ratios of (0.5 and 1.0). Also, a comparative study was carried out between the present results and previous experimental test results under the same conditions (soil properties and boundary condition). A good agreement was obtained between the predicted bearing capacities for the two related studies.
Some Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Magnetic Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Nano Silica
Authors: Raouf Zain El-Abdin , Al-Suhaili Rafia H. , Mahdi Zainab H.
Published: July 2023

This study involves the design of 24 mixtures of fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing nano silica. Tap water was used for 12 of these mixtures, while magnetic water was used for the others. The nano silica (NS) with ratios (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) % by weight of cement, were used for all the mixtures. The results have shown that the mixture containing 2.5% NS gives the highest compressive strength at age 7 days. Many different other tests were carried out, the results have shown that the carbon fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing 2.5% NS (CFRMRPCCNS) had higher compressive strength, modulus of rupture, splitting tension, stress in compression and strain in compression than the corresponding values for the carbon fiber reinforced nonmagnetic reactive powder concrete containing the same ratio of NS (CFRNRPCCNS). The percentage increase in these values for CFRMRPCCNS were (22.37, 17.96, 19.44, 6.44 and 25.8) % at 28 days respectively, as compared with the corresponding CFRNRPCCNS mixtures.
Structural Behavior of Confined Concrete Filled Aluminum Tubular (CFT) Columns under Concentric Load
Authors: Alshimmeri Ahmad Jabbar Hussain
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces an experimental study on the behavior of confined concrete filled aluminum tubular (CFT) column to improve strength design, ductility and durability of concrete composite structures under concentrically loaded in compression to failure. To achieve this: seven column specimens with same concrete diameter 100mm and without steel reinforcement have been examined through experimental testing, which are used to study the effects of the thickness of the aluminum tube encased concrete ( thickness : 0mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm with same length of column 450mm), length of column (thickness 5mm and length of column 700mm) and durability (thickness 5mm and length of column 450mm) on the structural behavior of  (CFT) columns.

It is concluded from this work that the compression force capacity is affected by thicknesses of the aluminum tube with respect to reference specimen. Where the used of aluminum tube thicknesses in column specimens led to increased in load carrying capacity in range (16% for C2 -224% for C5 ). The specimen has a length of 700mm with 5mm thickness the decreased of strength was 0.06% than the specimen with 5mm thickness and length 450mm. For slender column the overall buckling was observed while the local buckling for the short column is the dominant failure shape. Regarding durability, no apparent difference has been found between the structural behavior of the specimen that immersed in aggressive solution and specimen in air.

 

Keywords: circular, column, aluminum, CFT, conﬁnement
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics
Authors: Abbas Ammar Salih , Darweesh Teeba Mohammed
Published: July 2023

In this research, the preparation of a chemically activated carbon from date stones by using electric and microwave assisted K2CO3 activation was studied. The effect of radiation power, radiation time, and impregnation ratio on the yield and Iodine number on the activated carbons was investigated. The activated carbon characterizations were examined by its surface area, pore structure analysis, bulk density, moisture content, ash content, iodine number, FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacity was also studied by adsorption of fluoroquinolones antibiotics, CIP, NOR, and LEVO, by the prepared activated carbon.
Exploring the Factors Affecting the Elemental Cost Estimation with Relationship Analysis Using AHP
Authors: Mahjoob Ahmed Mohammed Raoof , Wali Mervat Raziq , Atyah Hiba Akram
Published: July 2023

Cost estimation is considered one of the important tasks in the construction projects management. The precise estimation of the construction cost affect on the success and quality of a construction project. Elemental estimation is considered a very important stage to the project team because it represents one of the key project elements. It helps in formulating the basis to strategies and execution plans for construction and engineering.  Elemental estimation, which in the early stage, estimates the construction costs depending on  . minimum details of the project so that it gives an indication for the initial design stage of a project. This paper studies the factors that affect the elemental cost estimation as well as the relation between these factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Final conclusions and recommendations were extracted for better elemental estimation accuracy in project management.
Effect of Lime Addition Methods on Performance Related Properties of Asphalt Concrete Mixture
Authors: Albayati Amjad Hamd Khalil , Mohammed Ahmad Mahir
Published: July 2023

In the recent years, some of the newly constructed asphalt concrete pavements in Baghdad as well as other cities across Iraq showed premature failures with consequential negative impact on both roadway safety and economy. Frequently, load associated mode of failure (rutting and fatigue) as well as, occasionally, moisture damage in some poorly drained sections are the main failure types found in those newly constructed road.

In this research, hydrated lime was introduced into asphalt concrete mixtures of wearing course in two methods. The first one was the addition of dry lime on dry aggregate and the second one was the addition of dry lime on saturated surface dry aggregate moisturized by 2.0 to 3.0 percent of water. For each type of addition, five different percentages of lime as a partial replacement of ordinary limestone mineral filler were used; these were; 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3 percent by weight of aggregate besides a control mixture that did not contain lime. Marshall Mix design method was used and the performance properties of moisture damage, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics were evaluated using indirect tensile strength, uniaxial repeated loading and repeated flexural beam tests. Also, VESYS5W software was implemented to evaluate the pavements performance in terms of rut depth and fatigue area for a typical pavement structure. The main conclusion withdrawn from this research revealed that the use of 2.5 percent hydrated lime in dry addition method and wet addition method showed an improved fatigue and permanent deformation characteristics, lower moisture susceptibility and high resilient modulus.
Application of Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Iron Concentration in the Location of Al-Wahda Water Treatment Plant in Baghdad City
Authors: Al-Musawi Nawar Omran Ali
Published: July 2023

Iron is one of the abundant elements on earth that is an essential element for humans and may be a troublesome element in water supplies.  In this research an AAN model was developed to predict iron concentrations in the location of Al- Wahda water treatment plant in Baghdad city by water quality assessment of iron concentrations at seven WTPs up stream Tigris River. SPSS software was used to build the ANN model. The input data were iron concentrations in the raw water for the period 2004-2011. The results indicated the best model predicted Iron concentrations at Al-Wahda WTP with a coefficient of determination 0.9142. The model used one hidden layer with two nodes and the testing error was 0.834. The ANN model could be used to predict future iron concentrations as the results from the verification of the ANN model for years 2012 and 2013 indicated good accuracy with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.8965.
Movement of Irrigation Water in Soil from a Surface Emitter
Authors: Dawood Ibrahim Abbas , Hamad Safa Noori
Published: July 2023

Trickle irrigation is one of the most conservative irrigation techniques since it implies supplying water directly on the soil through emitters. Emitters dissipate energy of water at the end of the trickle irrigation system and provide water at emission points. The area wetted by an emitter depends upon the discharge of emitter, soil texture, initial soil water content, and soil permeability. The objectives of this research were to predict water distribution profiles through different soils for different conditions and quantify the distribution profiles in terms of main characteristics of soil and emitter. The wetting patterns were simulated at the end of each hour for a total time of application of 12 hrs, emitter discharges of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 lph, and five initial volumetric soil water contents. Simulation of water flow from a single surface emitter was carried out by using the numerically-based software Hydrus-2D/3D, Version 2.04. Two approaches were used in developing formulas to predict the domains of the wetted pattern. In order to verify the results obtained by implementing the software Hydrus-2D/3D a field experiment was conducted to measure the wetted diameter and compare measured values with simulated ones. The results of the research showed that the developed formulas to express the wetted diameter and depth in terms of emitter discharge, time of application, and initial soil water content are very general and can be used with very good accuracy.
Removal of Copper from Simulated Wastewater by Applying Electromagnetic Adsorption for Locally Prepared Activated Carbon of Banana Peels
Authors: Abdul-Hameed Hayder Mohammed , Abeed Israa Nazeh
Published: July 2023

The adsorption of copper ions onto produced activated carbon from banana peels (with particle size 250 µm) in a single component system with applying magnetic field has been studied using fixed bed adsorber. The fixed bed breakthrough curves for the copper ions were investigated. The adsorption capacity for Cu (II) was investigated. It was found that 1) the exposure distance (E.D) and strength of magnetic field (B), affected the degree of adsorption; and 2) experiments showed that removal of Cu ions and accumulative adsorption capacity of adsorbent increase as the exposure distance and strength of magnetic field increase.
Effect of Air Bubbles on Heat Transfer Coefficient in Turbulent Convection Flow
Authors: Ezzat Akram W. , Abdullah Najdat N. , Ghashim Sajida Lafta
Published: July 2023

Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted for the effect of injected air bubbles on the heat transfer coefficient through the water flow in a vertical pipe under the influence of uniform heat flux. The investigated parameters were water flow rate of (10, 14 and 18) lit/min, air flow rate of (1.5, 3 and 4) lit/min for subjected heat fluxes of (27264, 36316 and 45398) W/m2. The energy, momentum and continuity equations were solved numerically to describe the motion of flow. Turbulence models k-ε was implemented. The mathematical model is using a CFD code Fluent (Ansys15). The water was used as continuous phase while the air was represented as dispersed. phase. The experimental work includes design, build and instrument a test rig for that purpose. Acircular vertical copper pipe test section of (length=0.7m, diameter= 0.05m, thickness= 1.5mm) is . designed and constructed, heated by an electrical heater fixed on its outer surface. Water . temperature at inlet is kept constant at (32°C). Water inlet and outlet temperatures, as well as radial temperature distribution within the pipe at seven sections along it between pipe surface and its center are measured. The results revealed that the secondary flow created by air bubbles havesignificant effects on heat transfer enhancement and temperature profile. It is observed, that averaged Nusselt number enhancement for low heat flux of 27264 W/m2 and 4 lit/min air bubbles was 33.3 % and 23% in numerical and experimental, respectively.
Remediation of Contaminated Soil with Petroleum Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Karkush Mahdi O. , Altaher Takwa A.
Published: July 2023

The contamination of soil with the wastes of oil industry products that are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons increased recently due to the large development of oil industries in Iraq. This study deals with the remediation of low permeability contaminated clayey soil by using the enhanced electrokinetic technique (EK). The contaminated soil samples obtained from Thi-Qar oil refinery plant in Al-Nassyriah city, where the byproducts of refinery plant are disposed into that site. The byproduct contaminant treated as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) to avoid dealing and complexity of treating the individual minerals and compounds consisting the contaminant. The initial concentrations of TPH were (702.7, 1168, 1235) ppm in the contaminated soil samples NA10, NA11, and NA12  respectively. The remediation technique includes a bench-scale experimental study by applying the enhanced electrokinetic test on the soil sample NA12  that contains the higher concentration of TPH in compared with other soil samples. A constant DC voltage gradient of 1.0 VDC/cm was applied for a period of 10 days. This  echnology was enhanced by using flushing solution of ethanol and deionized water, which was mixed in ratios of 30% and 70% respectively. The results of this study showed that the removal of TPH at the anode was about 15% and the concentration of TPH decreased at anode, which reflect the migration of TPH towards the cathode.
Sustainable Investment In Architectural Heritage Buildings (Analytical Study Of Arabic Models)
Authors: Tareq Donia Naseer , Hussein Shatha Faleh
Published: July 2023

Heritage is considered as the civilization and cultural wealth accumulated over the . centuries, whereas architectural heritage is the physical witness of that civilization. Despite the fact that architectural heritage is the most important effort for economic development of any communit,، it suffers from deterioration and neglection especially in the Arab communities. Recently awareness has increased about the importance of investing on architectural heritage generally and sustainable investment particularly. The goal of investment process in heritage areas is to revive economic activity in addition to attempt to revive the heritage and community values. Research aims to examine the relationship between sustainable investment and architectural heritage، and this is done through the study of the three points، Architectural Heritage، Sustainable Investment In Architectural Heritage، Reviews Eight Models Of Arabic Experiences That Implemented Different Approaches For Sustainable Investment In Urban Heritage. Finally research presents conclusions from those experiments and recommendations for activating the role of sustainable investment in architectural heritage.
Flexural Behavior of Partially Pretensioned Continuous Concrete Beams
Authors: Oukaili Nazar Kamil , Hameed Qusai Khudhur
Published: July 2023

This paper describes flexural behavior of two spans continuous rectangular concrete beams reinforced with mild steel and partially prestressing strands, to evaluate using different prestressing level and prestressing area in continuous prestressed beams at serviceability and ultimate stages. Six continuous concrete beams with 4550 mm length reinforced with mild steel reinforcement and partially prestressed with two prestressing levels of (0.7fpy  or 0.55fpy.) of and different amount of 12.7 mm diameter seven wire steel strand were used. Test results showed that the partially prestressed reinforced beams with higher prestressing level exhibited the narrowest crack width, smallest deflection and strain in both steel and concrete at ultimate service load, the deflection decreased by (3.60% & 32.49%) and the crack width decreased by (20.0%) and (75.0%) when increasing the prestressing level from (0.55fpy.) to (0.7fpy.) for beams reinforced with one and two strands respectively. Deflection of beams with two strands decreased by (44.81% & 22.2%) compared with beams of one strand at prestressing level of (0.7fpy.) and (0.55 fpy.), respectively. At ultimate load, using ACI-Code recommended moment redistribution led to more agreement between theoretical and experimental loads for both ordinary reinforced and partially prestressed beams.
Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Chitosan Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Ridha Ali Mousa
Published: July 2023

The use of biopolymer material Chitosan impregnated granular activated carbon CHGAC as adsorbent in the removal of lead ions  pb.2+   from aqueous solution was studied using batch adsorption mode. The prepared CHGAC was characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and atomic-absorption  pectrophotometer. The adsorption of lead ions onto Chitosan-impregnated granular activated carbon was examined as a function of adsorbent weight, pH andcontact time in Batch system. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to analyze the resulting experimental data demonstrated that better fitted by Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich model, with good correlation coefficient. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the pseudo second order model in conformity to the experimental values. This means that the adsorption performance of lead ions onto CHGAC follows a pseudo second order model, which illustrates that the adsorption of Pb2+  onto CHGAC was controlled by chemisorption. The granular activated carbon GAC impregnated by Chitosan was effectively applied as adsorbent for the elimination of lead ions from aqueous solution.
Experimental Measurements of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Single Layer Graphene Based DI-water Nanofluid
Authors: Abdullah Najdat N. , Ibrahim Hussein A.
Published: July 2023

Experimental measurements of viscosity and thermal conductivity of single layer of graphene . based DI-water nanofluid are performed as a function of  concentrations (0.1-1wt%) and temperatures between (5 to 35ºC). The result reveals that the thermal conductivity of GNPs nanofluids was increased with increasing the nanoparticle weight fraction concentration and temperature, while the maximum enhancement was about 22% for concentration of 1 wt.% at35ºC. These experimental results were compared with some theoretical models and a good agreement between Nan’s model and the experimental results was observed. The viscosity of the graphene nanofluid displays Newtonian and Non-Newtonian behaviors with respect to nanoparticles concentration and temperature, and about 111% enhancement was obtained compared to the base fluid with GNPs weight fraction concentration of 1wt.% at 35ºC. Based onthe experimental data, correlations were developed for predicting thermophysical properties of the GNPs based DI-water nanofluid.
Implementation of a Proposed Load-Shedding System Using Altera DE2 FPGA
Authors: Esttaifan Bashar Adel , Al-Haddad Mohammed Kasim
Published: July 2023

A load-shedding controller suitable for small to medium size loads is designed and implemented based on preprogrammed priorities and power consumption for individual loads. The main controller decides if a particular load can be switched ON or not according to the amount of available power generation, load consumption and loads priorities. When themaximum allowed power consumption is reached and the user want to deliver power to additional load, the controller will decide if this particular load should be denied receiving power if its priority is low. Otherwise, it can be granted to receive power if its priority is high and in this case lower priority loads are automatically switched OFF in order not to overload the power generation. The main idea of the proposed LS controller is to minimize the amount of the isolated load without overloading the power system. In this paper, three versions of load shedding controller were implemented using Altera DE2-115 FPGA; with number of loads equal 32, 64 and 128 for each controller.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of Single Layer Graphene Based DI-water Nanofluid in a Circular Tube under Laminar Flow and Different Heat Fluxes as Boundary Conditions
Authors: Abdullah Najdat N. , Ibrahim Hussein A.
Published: July 2023

An experimental study was performed to estimate the forced convection heat transfer performance and the pressure drop of a single layer graphene (GNPs) based DI-water nanofluid in a circular tube under a laminar flow and a uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid at weight concentrations of (0.1 to 1 wt%) were measured. The effects of the velocity of flow, heat flux and nanoparticle weight concentrations on the  enhancement of the heat transfer are examined. The Nusselt number of the GNPs nanofluid was enhanced as the heat flux and the velocity of flow rate  increased, and the maximum Nusselt number  ratio (Nu nanofluid/ Nu base fluid)   and thermal performance factor was (1.45) and (1.24) respectively, by using (1wt%) concentration and q=6104W/m2  heat flux. Finally, an analysis of the thermal performance factor shows that the GNPs nanofluids could work as a good alternative conventional working fluid in thermal heat transfer applications.
Compatibility between Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Water Filters
Authors: Al Zubaidy Riyadh Z. , Al-Khafaji Mahmoud S. , Al-Saadi Riyadh J. M.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, ceramic water filters were produced by using ten mixtures of different ratios of red clay and sawdust under different production conditions. The physical properties of these filters were tested. The production conditions include five press pressures ranged from 10 to 50MPa and a firing schedule having three different final temperatures of 1000, 1070, and 1100˚C. The tests results of the physical properties were used to obtain best compatibility between the hydraulic and the mechanical properties of these filters. Results showed that as the press pressure and the firing temperature are increased, the bulk density and the compressive and bending strengths of the produced filters are increased, while, the porosity and absorption are decreased. As the sawdust content is increased the bulk density and the compressive and bending strengths are decreased, while, the porosity and absorption are  increased. High hydraulic  conductivity is obtained at a firing temperature of 1070˚C when the sawdust content is less than 10%. Otherwise, it is increased as sawdust content and the firingtemperature are increased. Filters made of mixture 92.5% red clay and 7.5% sawdust formed . under a press pressure of 20MPa and a firing temperature of 1070˚C gave the best compatibility between hydraulic and mechanical properties. In this case, the hydraulic conductivity was 50mm/day, the compressive strength was 14MPa, and the bending strength was 10.8MPa.
Improvement of Gypseous Soil Using Cutback Asphalt
Authors: Shakir Zainab Hassan
Published: July 2023

Gypseous soils are widely distributed and especially in Iraq where arid area of hot climatic is present. These soils are considered as problematic soils; therefore this work attends to improve the geotechnical properties of such soil and reduce the dangers of collapse due to wetting process. In this research, undisturbed soil sample of 30 % gypsum content from Karbala city is used. The Single Oedometer collapse test is used in order to investigate the collapse characteristics of natural soil and after treatment with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% of Cutback Asphalt. Moreover, two selected additive percentages (9% and 12%) are used to evaluate the suitability of using the Cutback Asphalt for improvement of the bearing capacity of gypseous soils. A steel model box is used for this purpose, the treatment depth is equal to one and twice the footing width. The tests results showed that the total settlement of 25 mm of treated soil with (MC-30) material can be achieved at vertical stress lower than that value required for natural soil. Also, thickness of treated layer with (MC-30) material below the proposed foundation has a significant effect on the value of bearing capacity of the soil. The rate of salt dissolved (C.V) is extremely decreased especially at all percentages of Cutback Asphalt.  The best bearing improvement ratio is found at 9% asphalt and at a depth equal to foundation width. However, the Cutback Asphalt can be successfully used by 12% for collapse potential treatment while it is not suitable for improvement of the bearing capacity of gypseous soils.
Optimization of Surface Roughness for Al-alloy in Electro-chemical Machining (ECM) using Taguchi Method
Authors: Abdullah Mostafa Adel , Aghdeab Shukry Hammed , Ghazi Safaa Kadhim
Published: July 2023

Electro-chemical Machining is  significant  process to remove metal with using  anodic dissolution. Electro-chemical machining use to removed metal workpiece from (7025) aluminum alloy using Potassium chloride (KCl) solution .The tool used was made from copper. In this present the optimize processes input parameter use are( current, gap and electrolyte concentration) and surface roughness (Ra) as output .The experiments on electro-chemical machining with use current (30, 50, 70)A, gap (1.00, 1.25, 1.50) mm and electrolyte concentration (100, 200, 300) (g/L).  The method (ANOVA) was used to limited the large influence factors affected on surface roughness and found the current was the large influence factors  with (72.17%) . The results of the optimization of comparison of experimental and prediction conditions current at level-1(30 A) , gap at level-1 (1.00mm ) and electrolyte concentration at level-1(100(g/L)) shown the average experiments and prediction surface roughness (1.352) and (1.399) respectively..
Bit Record Analysis for Bits Evaluating and Selection
Authors: Assi Amel Habeeb
Published: July 2023

The bit record is a part from the daily drilling report which is contain information about the type and the number of the bit that is used to drill the well, also contain data about  the used weight on bit  WOB ,revolution per minute RPM , rate of penetration ROP, pump pressure ,footage drilled and bit dull grade. Generally we can say that the bit record is a rich brief about the bit life in the hole. The main purpose of this research is to select the suitable bit to drill the next oil wells because the right bit selection avoid us more than one problems, on the other hand, the wrong bit selection cause more than one problem. Many methods are related to bit selection, this research is familiar with four of those methods, which they are: specific energy method, bit dullness way, cost per foot method, offset well bit record and geological information way. Five oil wells have been studied in Rumaila Oil Field in South of Iraq which they are R-531, R-548, R-536, R-544 and R-525. The wells R-531, R-536 and R-525 are vertical wells; the wells R-548 and R-544 are directional wells at angle of inclination 8.79◦ and 16.62◦ respectively.
Strength of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Transverse Openings
Authors: AL-Shaarbaf Ihsan A.S. , Allawi Abbas AbdulMajeed , AlSalim Nabeel H.
Published: July 2023

The present work is concerned with the investigation of the behavior and ultimate capacity of axially loaded reinforced concrete columns in presence of transverse openings under axial load plus uniaxial bending. The experimental program includes testing of twenty reinforced concrete columns (150 × 150 × 700 mm) under concentric and eccentric load. Parameters considered include opening size, load eccentricity and influence of the direction of load eccentricity with respect to the longitudinal axis of the opening. Experimental results are discussed based on load – lateral mid height deflection curves, load – longitudinal shortening behavior, ultimate load and failure modes. It is found that when the direction of load eccentricity is parallel to the longitudinal axis of openings, column behavior is more pronounced when than the direction is normal to the longitudinal axis of openings.
Compressive Strength of Bottle-Shaped Compression Fields of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Members
Authors: Al-Quraishi Hussein , Ghanim Ghzwan , Asaad Zinah
Published: July 2023

Applying load to a structural member may result in a bottle-shaped compression field especially when the width of the loading is less than the width of bearing concrete members. At the Building and Construction Department – the University of Technology-Iraq, series tests on fibre reinforced concrete specimens were carried out, subjected to compression forces at the top and bottom of the specimens to produce compression field. The effects of steel fibre content, concrete compressive strength, transverse tension reinforcement, the height of test specimen, and the ratio of the width of loading plate to specimen width were studied by testing a total of tenth normal strength concrete blocks with steel fibre and one normal strength concrete block without steel fibres. Based on experimental results; all the test specimens failed with the splitting of concrete directly under the loading plate. Increased the uniaxial compressive strength of concrete increases the maximum bearing capacity of compressive stresses. The load-transverse deformation initially behaves linearly and shows some nonlinearity before failure. Addition of steel fibre to normal strength concrete or presence of transverse reinforcement, delay the reaching of maximum compressive stress after the presence of the first crack.
Structural-semantic and ethno-cultural characteristics of Karachay-Balkar simple verbal paremic statements about dancing
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Mussa B. Ketenchiev , Alim K. Appoev ,   Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Cen-ter of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to the study of Karachay-Balkarian simple verbal paremic statements about dances in terms of their formal semantic structure and ethno-cultural significance. The paper em-phasizes that syntactic constructions structure an incomplete paradigm according to the purpose of the utterance, which includes narrative and motivational expressions. The affirmation/negation paradigm is no less significant. The formal semantic structure of these statements is primarily de-termined by the lexical meanings and grammatical features of words that occupy the positions of the predicate or predicate. These lexemes include verbs of movement, action, knowledge, skills, vision, etc., which in the sentence structure open positions for subjects, objects and circumstantial specifiers of the corresponding semantics. They reveal significant concepts for archaic choreogra-phy contributing to the understanding of ethnic cultural specifics of the Karachai and Balkars. The proverbial and archetypal fund of the people presents several cognitive characteristics inherent in national dances, as well as dancers participating in various kinds of solemn and other events, de-termined by the mentality of the ethnic group.
Istanbul Residents’ Perceptions of the Use of Green Spaces by Syrian Immigrants
Authors: KETE Sezin , OKAN Taner
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of the people of Istanbul regarding Syrian immigrants and their common use of urban green spaces. The causes of conflicts that Istanbul residents and Syrians immigrants have experienced in green spaces are also addressed. An exploratory sequential design was used, being one of the mixed methods in which qualitative and quantitative approaches are used together. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis were conducted for the qualitative part of the study. For the quantitative part, data were collected from 389 people in Istanbul with a survey consisting of Likert-type scale questions. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the obtained data-set. As a result, it was found that Istanbul’s citizens have problems with Syrian immigrants in urban green spaces due to differences in activities, they expect Syrians to speak Turkish in mutual communication, and they do not want to interact with this group due to their negative attitude towards Syrian immigrants. More detailed research should be conducted to reduce the conflict between these groups. In addition, this study reveals that conflicts have increased due to the lack of green spaces, and an increase in green spaces may be proposed as a solution.
LIAR PARADOX SOLUTION
Authors: Berezowski Marek
Published: July 2023

“Liar paradox” is that we are not able to resolve if the person who states “I am lying” is indeed lying or if they are telling the truth. Actually, there is no other choice. If they were lying, the statement would be false, thus, in fact, they were not lying but telling the truth, so they are not liars. Since, if they are telling the truth, it means that the statement uttered by them is true, so, accordingly, they are liars. Pure madness. From a logical point of view, however, one of the two options must be true: they are either lying, or telling the truth, as, in binary logics, there is no other solution. But, which one of them should we chose ?
Experience Future Career: The Paradigm of Applied Learning Curriculum in Hong Kong Secondary School
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Zhou Chaocheng
Published: July 2023

Applied learning implies an educational philosophy and learning method in which students master skills, practice theories, and operate models through usage. In the context of the new academic structure in Hong Kong, applied learning courses are elective courses for secondary schools committed to reshaping vocational-oriented education. After 20 years of development, applied learning curriculums in Hong Kong senior secondary schools have a complete operational framework, which reflects the essence of the diversified integration and multi-pathway. This paper aims to draw a broad picture of vocational education in secondary schools through applied learning. Applied learning paradigm in Hong Kong achieves parallel connectivity between vocational education and general academic education and can be regarded as an effective model for promoting the coordinated development of vocational education and general education in secondary school. Provide a reference for the trial promotion of vocational-oriented education in mainland China's general high schools. The coexistence of mixed vocational education in comprehensive high schools is a significant feature of the applied learning curriculum, which is conducive to improving the current situation of separation between general high schools and secondary vocational schools in mainland China. Applied learning curriculums could enrich the connotation of recent high school career education and promote the integration of vocational education and general education in the secondary education stage.
Measuring Sexual Violence Perpetration Acknowledgement: Testing the Effects of Label and Response Format
Authors: Anderson RaeAnn Elizabeth , Doctor Hannah , Piggott Danielle M.
Published: July 2023

Individual acknowledgment of sexual assault and rape perpetration is extraordinarily low in prior research. Only about 1% of individuals report perpetrating rape, in contrast to the 6% perpetrating rape as estimated by using behaviorally specific items that exclude stigmatized words such as rape. The goal of this study was to examine two possible measurement mechanisms for increasing perpetration acknowledgment: label choice and response format. In Sample 1 (N = 292), participants completed two acknowledgment items which varied in label choice. One item used the term rape; one used the term sexual assault. Acknowledgment of perpetration using the label sexual assault was significantly higher than when using the term rape (6.38 to 1.71%, p = .01, Cohen's d = .44). In Sample 2 (N = 438), participants were presented with a scaled and a dichotomous sexual assault item at different parts of the overall survey. Sexual assault acknowledgment was higher on the scaled item compared to the dichotomous item (15.75 vs. 3.2%, p < .0001, Cohen's d = .64). Rates of sexual perpetration as measured behaviorally were higher for ambiguous acknowledgment types ("might or might not," "probably not") than for those reporting "definitely not," (76.81 vs. 29.0%, p < .0001, Cohen's d = .59). The two different measurement strategies tested here, using a less stigmatized label such as sexual assault and using a scaled response format, both increased rates of perpetration acknowledgment 3 – 15x greater than rates documented in prior research.
Primacy Effects in Extended Cognitive Strategy Choice – Initial Speed Benefits Outweigh Later Speed Benefits
Authors: Weis Patrick P. , Kunde Wilfried
Published: July 2023

Background: Human performers often recruit environment-based assistance to acquire or process information, such as relying on a smartphone app, a search engine, or a conversational agent. To make informed choices between several of such extended cognitive strategies, performers need to monitor the performance of these options. Objective: In the present study, we investigated whether participants monitor an extended cognitive strategy’s performance—here: speed—more closely during initial as compared to later encounters. Methods: In three experiments, 737 participants were asked to first observe speed differences between two competing cognitive strategies—here: two competing algorithms that can obtain answers to trivia questions—and eventually choose between both strategies based on the observations. Results: Participants were sensitive to subtle speed differences and selected strategies accordingly. Most remarkably, even when participants performed identical with both strategies across all encoun-ters, the strategy with superior speed in the initial encounters was preferred. Worded differently, participants exhibited a technology-use primacy effect. Contrarily, evidence for a recency effect was weak at best. Conclusion: These results suggest that great care is required when performers are first acquainted with novel ways to acquire or process information. Initial superior performance has the potential to desensitize the performer for later inferior performance and thus prohibit optimal choice. Application: Awareness of primacy enables users and designers of extended cognitive strategies to actively remediate suboptimal behavior originating in early monitoring episodes.
MENCINTAI HUKUM ALLAH
Authors: Harahap Ramli
Published: July 2023

Minggu ini kita akan memasuki Minggu kelima setelah Trinitatis. Dalam Minggu ini kita akan membahas tema “Mencintai Hukum ALLAH”. Mencintai Hukum Allah berarti mengembangkan hubungan yang intim dengan Allah dan memperoleh cinta yang mendalam terhadap-Nya. Ini melibatkan penerimaan dan pengakuan bahwa hukum-hukum-Nya adalah wujud dari karakter-Nya yang sempurna, kebijaksanaan-Nya, dan kehendak-Nya untuk kehidupan umat-Nya. Mencintai Hukum Allah juga mencakup pengakuan akan kelemahan dan dosa manusia, serta kesadaran bahwa tidak mungkin untuk memenuhi hukum-hukum Allah secara sempurna. Dalam hal ini, cinta terhadap hukum Allah adalah kesadaran akan kebutuhan akan kasih karunia dan belas kasih-Nya.
A Teaching Note on Remedies for Breach of Contract under the Uniform Commercial Code
Authors: Hunter Richard J. , Shannon John H. , Amoroso Henry J.
Published: July 2023

This article explains the various remedies and categories of damages that are available to an aggrieved buyer or seller in the case of a breach of contract under the Uniform Commercial Code. Sections of the Code will be cited, as well as relevant cases, and detailed explanations will be provided as well for each Code Section.