bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of electro-thermo-mechanical microactuators considering minimum length scale constraints
Authors: Zhan Jinqing , Yan Jiakun , Zhu Benliang , Liu Min
Published: July 2024

To ensure the manufacturability of compliant mechanisms, this paper presents a new approach for optimal design of electro-thermo-mechanical microactuators by employing minimum length scale constraints. A sequential coupling method is adopted to carry out finite element analysis for electric-thermal-mechanical coupling multiphysics. The inflection point fields of the solid and void phases are identified by structural indicator functions. The minimum length scales of the solid and void phases are adopted as constraints. The optimization objective is designed to maximize the output displacements of electro-thermo-mechanical microactuators. The validity of the proposed optimal design method is demonstrated through several numerical examples. In the optimal designs obtained by the proposed method, the minimum length scales of the two phases can be properly controlled. The electro-thermo-mechanical microactuator’s output displacements decrease when the allowable value of the minimum length scale is increased. The effects of different mesh discretizations and output spring stiffnesses on the optimized designs are discussed.
East Meets West: Perceptions of Teachers and Students of Secondary Reform in China in 2012 and 2022
Authors: Joong Yee Han Peter , Yixiang Jin
Published: July 2024

This mixed-methods study compares how secondary teachers implemented Education Reform in China in 2012 and 2022. The survey asked how often a teaching or evaluation strategy was used. The conclusions indicate that even though teacher-directed lessons (teacher talk, individual work, and questioning) still dominated, subject teachers were using a variety of student-centered learning (SCL) methods (activities and group work) and integration of technology (ICT) in accordance with reform initiatives. Surveys also revealed that classroom management needs decreased as a result of the reforms. The problem lies with the examination system, as there is little room for introducing reform initiatives.
Aligning With Metrics: Differential Impact of IT and Organizational Metrics on Cognitive Coordination in Top Management Teams
Authors: Siamionava Katsiaryna , Mitra Sabyasachi , Westerman George
Published: July 2024

Achieving cognitive coordination in cross-functional teams is a perennial challenge in organizations. It is especially challenging in the context of information systems, where strategic alignment remains a top concern of leaders despite decades of research on the topic. In this study, we develop and empirically validate a theoretical model that explores the role of communicating about performance metrics in fostering cognitive coordination between the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and top management team (TMT). Building on a theoretical lens of transactive memory systems, we hypothesize how the use of unit-specific metrics of information technology (IT) performance and collective metrics of organizational performance can differentially influence mutual trust and shared understanding in the CIO–TMT relationship. Through a survey of 268 CIOs, an experiment with 106 participants using a novel IT leadership game, and an algorithmic analysis of 3200+ articles in a trade publication, we find that communications using narrowly focused IT unit metrics improve mutual trust between the CIO and the TMT, while communications using broader organizational metrics (along with mutual trust) increase shared understanding of IT's role in improving organizational performance. Our multimethod study adds an important new facet to the rich literature on IT strategic alignment as well as the use of performance metrics in operations management. We discuss its implications for both theory and practice in improving cognitive coordination among the CIOs and TMT. Our model and findings are also relevant to other cross-functional teams where specialized individuals must collaborate to achieve collective goals.
Therapeutic Interventions for High-Conflict Separated Parents Families: A Road Map for Early-Career Therapists
Authors: Misurell Justin R. , Schwartz Jocelyn B.
Published: July 2024

High-conflict separated parents (HCSPs) refer to parents who are divorced or separated and are engaged in ongoing conflict. While a large percentage of married couples conclude with divorce and subsequently engage in extended conflict, there is a lack of clinical research and training for therapists aspiring to address this population. As such, this article provides an overview of HCSPs, a framework to understand risk factors associated with high-conflict families, and reviews short-term and long-term negative effects on children and families. This paper also discusses therapeutic intervention strategies known in the literature and predictors of treatment success. Individual therapy, family therapy, group therapy, and parenting coordination strategies are also discussed. Additionally, clinical guidelines and practical tools are shared, as a way to provide structure during what can be a fluid and complex experience. Intervention pathways are described in detail from assessment to intervention to resolution. A case example, based on clinical experience, is also used to illustrate to early-career therapists how one may navigate a case. A review of the literature highlights the need for increased research and training for therapists encountering this complicated and understudied population.
Spontaneous ovulation in the cat: incidence among queens presented at a veterinary teaching facility
Authors: Pereira Maria Carlos , Schrank Magdalena , Mollo Antonio , Romagnoli Stefano
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The queen is recognised as an induced ovulator. Ovulation without male contact is generally regarded as spontaneous. The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the incidence of spontaneous ovulation in a population of intact queens presented to a veterinary care facility for both reproductive and non-reproductive reasons. The secondary objective was to determine the roles of age, breed, body weight, presence of tom cats or other cycling queens, and physical contact with humans on triggering spontaneous ovulation, along with its implications.

Methods

Serum samples from post-pubertal intact queens presented between January 2020 and June 2023 to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padova, Italy, were retrieved and assayed for progesterone (P4) levels. Serum P4 above 2.0 ng/ml without a history of male contact was considered as proof of spontaneous ovulation.

Results

In total, 31 serum samples from 29 intact post-pubertal queens were obtained. Of the 31 samples, 14 had a P4 concentration above 2.0 ng/ml and 9/29 (31.0%) queens ovulated spontaneously. The mean age and weight of the nine spontaneously ovulating queens were 4.3 ± 5.7 years and 3.7 ± 0.8 kg, respectively. One queen ovulated spontaneously at her first heat at 6 months of age, which makes it the earliest spontaneous ovulation reported.

Conclusions and relevance

As both our findings and previous publications indicate that the incidence of spontaneous ovulation in queens is consistently ⩾30%, cats should not be considered strictly induced ovulators, but as a species in which ovulation can be either spontaneous or induced. Since the risk of progesterone-dependent conditions (cystic endometrial hyperplasia – pyometra complex, feline mammary hypertrophy) is increased in these queens, veterinarians should be aware and advise breeders and clients accordingly.
Swept-source optical coherence tomography early findings in patients with carotid artery disease
Authors: Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , Remolí-Sargues Lidia , Navarro-Palop Catalina , Cervera-Taulet Enrique , Montero-Hernández Javier , Medina-Bessó Pascual , Castro-Navarro Verónica
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Ocular ischemic syndrome can be the first and only hint of life-threatening carotid artery disease. The early recognition of carotid stenosis-related retinal signs, as well as the comprehension of the pathophysiology behind retinal changes could become relevant for physicians to predict the risk of stroke. The aim of this study is to assess the carotid artery disease-induced early structural retinochoroidal changes by means of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in 72 eyes with carotid stenosis. According to the degree of stenosis, the participants were divided into a normal group (34 eyes), a mild-moderate stenosis group (22 eyes), a severe stenosis group (16 eyes). SS-OCT and OCTA were performed to scan macular fovea. Central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) and foveal avascular zona (FAZ) area were the major measurements for our study.

Results

CMT was significantly thicker in group 3 when compared to group 2 and 1. SCT was significantly thinner in group 3 vs group 1, being thicker in group 2 when compared to group 1. No significant differences were obtained when comparing FAZ in the superficial and middle capillary plexus although it was significant when comparing the FAZ in the deep capillary plexus between group 1 and 3.

Conclusion

internal carotid artery stenosis greater than 70% leads to a significant increase in CMT and a decrease in SCT prior the development of clinical findings of ocular ischemia syndrome.
Merely the ‘art of winning elections’? Regrounding the statecraft interpretation of British politics
Authors: Critch Nathan
Published: July 2024

Jim Bulpitt’s ‘statecraft interpretation’ has had considerable influence within British politics. At the same time, it has been subject to a number of criticisms which have remained unaddressed. In this article, I argue that narrow and partial engagement with Bulpitt’s work has led to a somewhat crude understanding of statecraft taking root within academic literature, which tends to frame statecraft as concerning ‘the art of winning elections’. In contrast to this, I offer a broader conceptualisation which seeks to reground the statecraft interpretation in a more thorough reading of Bulpitt’s key works, and engages with Bulpitt’s wider corpus as well as relevant wider literatures. This broader, more complex version of statecraft, I argue, is more in line with Bulpitt’s own project, has greater utility and applicability than the narrow view offered within existing literature, and is sensitive to the criticisms typically levelled at statecraft by its detractors.
Measurement of the indoor environment and heating energy consumption of a passive office building in severely cold region, China
Authors: Wang Zhaojun , Liu Chang , Yao Peng , Fu Xiaopan
Published: July 2024

Passive ultra-low energy buildings represent an effective strategy for energy conservation and emission reduction within the global building industry. The prolonged and cold winters in severely cold regions of China necessitate substantial heating energy consumption. The study utilized a combination of overall surveys and long-term tracking surveys to evaluate the indoor environment and energy consumption in a passive office building situated in severely cold region under different heating modes over 2 years. The results show that the average temperature and indoor air quality (IAQ) can meet the standards at most moments. However, the average relative humidity tends to fall below the specified lower limit. Nevertheless, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index suggests that the indoor environment provides a comfortable thermal experience for humans. The heat pump air conditioning (HPAC) system operation revealed that when the outdoor air temperature fell below −7°C, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air source heat pump units would deteriorate. Implementing intermittent heating during the second year can reduce heating energy consumption by 13.4 kWh/(m2·a), resulting in 38.9% energy savings. These findings will serve as a valuable reference for the design and operation of heating systems in passive buildings in severely cold regions.
A technology facilitated platform for addressing opioid risks and promoting resilience following traumatic injury in young people
Authors: Adams Zachary W , Marriott Brigid R , Karra Swathi , Linhart-Musikant Elizabeth , Raymond Jodi L , Magee Lauren , Ortiz Damaris , Bell Teresa M
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Traumatically injured young people are at elevated risk for opioid and other substance use following discharge from the hospital. There are few scalable procedures in place for monitoring patients’ behavioral health recovery and connecting them to needed services. This study piloted an adapted version of an existing technology-facilitated program to monitor substance use and connect patients to care (Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program).

Methods

Participants aged 12–30 years ( n = 90) were enrolled from Level 1 trauma centers and invited to engage with the adapted Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program. The program involved app-based educational content, daily text message symptom monitoring, periodic online screenings, and referral to behavioral health services. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize the sample and engagement in the program.

Results

Although interaction with app-based educational content was low (15% of participants), engagement in text-based monitoring (participants responded to 65% of prompts) and mental health screens (65% of participants completed all screens) was high. Rates of substance use varied across time points. Elevated depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were also observed. Most (85%) participants whose screener responses indicated likely presence of behavioral health concerns participated in clinician referral conversations.

Conclusion

The enhanced Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program content and procedures were effective in identifying young people experiencing substance use and mental health concerns following traumatic injury and illness. Future work is needed to improve the engagement with educational content and test the effectiveness of the enhanced Trauma Resilience and Recovery Program model in improving substance-related clinical outcomes for trauma-affected young people.
On Performance Criticism, Lived Religion, and the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Thompson Shane M.
Published: July 2024

This article provides an overview of the application of a performance criticism framework within scholarship on the Hebrew Bible. A natural progression from conversations concerning orality, performance studies allows for increased explication of the biblical texts, most notably pertaining to life, religion, and culture in ancient Israel. The addition of ‘lived religion’ through a performance studies lens advances the understanding of peoples and areas of life commonly deemed absent from the biblical record. Instead, they are present in the form of an audience witnessing or hearing the performances of, or contained within, these texts.
Blood Pressure Fluctuation During 72 Hours After Endovascular Therapy and Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Tao Mingfeng , Li Yongxin , Peng Ya , Zhang Xin , Liu Sheng , Tang Tieyu , Xu Tian , Ke Kaifu
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between fluctuations in different blood pressure (BP) components within 72 hours following endovascular therapy (EVT) and the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods:

This prospective multicenter study included 283 AIS patients who underwent EVT and had available BP data. The primary outcome was the ordinal modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score evaluated at 90 days. The secondary outcome was a combination of death and major disability, defined as an mRS score of 3 to 6 within 3 months.

Results:

After adjusting for imbalanced variables, the highest tertile of systolic blood pressure (SBP) fluctuation had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.747 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.031-2.961; p for trend=0.035) for the primary outcome and 1.889 (95% CI=1.015-3.516; p for trend=0.039) for the secondary outcome, respectively. Fluctuations in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR=1.914, 95% CI=1.134-3.230, p for trend=0.015) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (OR=1.759, 95% CI=1.026-3.015, p for trend=0.039) were only associated with the primary outcome. The multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses supported these findings. Furthermore, the fluctuations in both SBP and MAP exhibited the significant discriminatory capability in predicting the prognosis, comparable to their mean values.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that larger fluctuations in SBP, DBP, and MAP within 72 hours after EVT were associated with a higher risk of poor clinical outcomes within 3 months in AIS patients. Controlling BP fluctuations may be valuable for improving the prognosis in patients undergoing EVT.

Clinical Impact

How will this change clinical practice? It provides physicians a new approach to directly monitor BP fluctuations over an extended observation period in AIS patients after EVT in routine clinical practice. What does it mean for the clinicians? These results underscore the importance of giving equal attention to controlling long-term BP fluctuations, in addition to managing mean BP, as a means to improve the prognosis of AIS patients after EVT. What is the innovation behind the study? This study systematically evaluated the association between fluctuations in different blood pressure components and clinical outcomes in AIS patients over an extended period following EVT.
Design and characterization of dynamic textiles with optimized ergonomic comfort for automotive seat upholstery
Authors: González Judit , Ardanuy Mònica , González Marta , Rodriguez Rosa , Jovančić Petar
Published: July 2024

According to recent studies, user comfort is one of the major challenges faced regarding the vehicle seating. The outer upholstery layer of the seat cover is the main factor contributing to overall user discomfort in the driving environment. This is related to the limitations of the conventional fabrics used. Therefore, alternative textile materials for seat covering are being increasingly sought out. In this work, we propose innovative shape memory-based seat covering fabrics offering improved comfort properties. Shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) multifilament yarns were combined with polyester (PES) yarns to produce three types of woven fabrics having the typical structures used in seat coverings (plain, twill 2/2 and derived twill) using a fixed warp and weft ratio of 3PES:1SMPU. The effects of SMPU yarns on the physical characteristics of the fabrics (thickness, areal weight, yarn density, and tightness) as well as on their mechanical behavior, shape memory effect, thermal comfort, and abrasion resistance under similar usage conditions in car seat covers were investigated. Improvement was observed in the ergonomic comfort with maintained thermal comfort in the presence of SMPU multifilament yarns, with this effect being more noticeable in the twill fabrics. The thermodynamic SMPU-based fabrics used in this study could be potential candidates for use in seat upholstery given the improvement in user comfort over extended use.
Pattern, Clinical Characteristics, and Impact of Family History on Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Iheanacho Chinonyerem O. , Odili Valentine U. , Enakirerhi Glen E. , Isiwele Edoise M. , Essiet Akanimo
Published: July 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of illness and death in men of Sub-Sahara African origin. The study assessed the pattern of PCa, the effect of family history on PSA at diagnosis, and clinical characteristics of PCa in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 200 participants was performed within a 12-month period in Nigeria. Data were collected through patients’ interview and hospital records and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P values <.05 were significant. Mean age of 68.5 years was observed among the 200 study participants. Only 64 (32.0%) had a positive immediate family history of PCa, and 61 (30.5%) were not aware of their family cancer history. Most patients 140 (70.0%) had lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS)/lower back pain/leg pain, and the average Gleason score was 7.55 (±0.876). Symptoms of LUTS/lower back pain mostly occurred in patients between 58 and 79 years, while LUTS/leg pain was more common in persons between 60 and 84. Average PSA differed among participants; persons with no family cancer history (M = 143.989; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.849–173.129), family history of PCa (M = 165.463; 95% CI = 131.435), family history of cervical cancer (M = 133.456; 95% CI = 49.335–217.576), and persons with no knowledge of their family cancer history (M = 121.546; 95% CI = 89.234–153.857). Univariate one-way (F-Tests) showed that family history of cancer had no significant impact on patients’ PSA ( R2 = 0.017; adjusted R2 = 0.002; df = 3; F = 1.154; p = .329) at diagnosis. PCa mostly occurred in men within 60 to 70 years of age, and family history of cancer did not predict PSA at diagnosis. Patients presented to health facilities at advanced or metastatic stages. These findings highlight the need for policies and strategies that encourage early PCa screening.
Educational Mobility and Cultural Omnivorousness in Germany
Authors: Voronin Yevhen , Lutter Mark
Published: July 2024

Cultural omnivorousness is widely studied as a dimension of the stratification of taste, related to class or status positions. However, taste is also structured by patterns of social mobility, especially educational mobility. Building on Lizardo’s Bourdieu, Distinction, and Aesthetic Consumption article, we expect that cultural omnivorousness systematically depends on patterns of educational mobility. Specifically, we predict that a higher inherited educational capital triggers a taste for less legitimate culture. Using survey data on tastes in music in Germany, we tested the effects of acquired and inherited cultural capital in predicting tastes for less legitimate cultural forms of taste at the level of genres and the effects of educational mobility in predicting cultural omnivorousness. Our results suggest that, first, the effect of parents’ education in predicting taste for less legitimate music genres is larger than the effect of the respondents’ own education. Second, the analysis reveals significant differences in omnivorous taste across segments of educational mobility groups. In general, there are three groups that show the highest omnivorousness: upwardly and downwardly mobile groups between middle and high positions and stayers in the high-level segment, whereas immobile individuals in the lower segment are the most univorous. Contrary to expectations, respondents with upward educational mobility who reach a high level of education accumulate omnivorous attitudes to a high degree. This study shows partial support for the statements of theory and proposes trajectories for future research.
Eruptive syringomas with associated calcinosis cutis—A case report and literature review of this association
Authors: Mourad Ahmed I , Haber Richard M
Published: July 2024

We report the case of a 9-year-old boy presenting with eruptive syringomas and macroscopic lesions of calcinosis cutis resembling subepidermal calcified nodules. Literature review revealed eruptive syringomas can be associated with calcinosis cutis with several different presentations. In this report, we review the five different presentations and associations of eruptive syringomas and calcinosis cutis, which to our knowledge has not been categorized before.
Focal pyomyositis caused by Enterobacter in an immunocompetent patient: A case report
Authors: Tounsi Haifa , Jlidi Mohamed , Skouri Wafa , Bachrouch Sabrine , Alaya Zeineb , Farhat Emna , Sbaihi Siwar , Bachalli Asma , Amri Raja
Published: July 2024

Pyomyositis is a pyogenic infection of skeletal striated muscle, usually found in tropical areas, often in immunocompromised patients. We report a new observation of a nontropical Enterobacter pyomyositis occurring in an immunocompetent female in Tunisia. A 53-year-old patient presented with acute fever and intense myalgia in the right thigh. On clinical examination she had an altered general condition, a fever at 40°C and an important swelling of the lateral side of the right thigh. In biology, she had an inflammatory syndrome. Blood culture had identified Enterobacter. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse inflammatory involvement of the vastus lateralis muscle of the right quadriceps associated with edematous infiltration of subcutaneous fatty tissues.

Diagnosis of pyomyositis was retained. Antibiotic therapy initially probabilistic and then adapted to the antibiogram was initiated with a favorable outcome. Although rare outside the tropics, the potential severity of pyomyositis encourages its better knowledge.
Severe thrombocytopenia caused by cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent adult: A case report
Authors: Maita Hiroki , Tonosaki Kanata , Ozawa Amo , Kobayashi Tadashi , Akimoto Takashi , Mizuno Takashi , Ogino Masaya , Teshiromori Takashi , Narita Shigeki , Miura Yuka , Hanada Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

A 53-year-old otherwise healthy man was referred to our hospital with a fever of unknown origin, headache, and arthralgia. Four days earlier, he had a fever with chills. Treatment with antibiotics and acetaminophen proved ineffective, with the patient subsequently developing headache and joint pain. Blood analysis revealed elevated inflammatory markers, liver impairment, and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 19,000/μL). Subsequent tests revealed elevated levels of anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with severe thrombocytopenia associated with cytomegalovirus infection. Platelet counts increased spontaneously without antiviral therapy. Forty-five days after the initial visit, the symptoms improved, and blood tests revealed resolution of the inflammatory findings, with the platelet count recovering to 155,000/μL. Although the disease may resolve spontaneously, cytomegalovirus infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis in case of severe thrombocytopenia in immunocompetent adults.
Case report of meningoencephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection showing a decrease in idiopathic focal cerebral blood flow
Authors: Sekiguchi Kazumasa , Matsuzono Kosuke , Mashiko Takafumi , Koide Reiji , Fujimoto Shigeru
Published: July 2024

Some neurological complications are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with infection by SARS-CoV-2. Eighteen days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, he developed disturbed consciousness and aseptic meningoencephalitis. An analysis of cerebrospinal flood revealed an elevated cell count (184/μL) and protein level (260 mg/dL). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormalities. By contrast, 123I-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography showed a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the left parietal and occipital lobes. He died suddenly 3 months after being transferred to a rehabilitation clinic without any clear cause of death. The SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause aseptic meningoencephalitis with a distinctive decrease in CBF pattern without magnetic resonance image abnormality or intracranial artery stenosis.
Neurodiversity-affirming school counselling: supporting neurodivergent student wellbeing with person-centred therapy
Authors: Silvester Sarah-Jane E. , Rankine Robynne
Published: July 2024

The neurodiversity movement challenges the medical model of disability by framing neurodevelopmental disabilities as natural neurological variations rather than deficits. Consequently, as discourse on neurodiversity-affirming practices expands, there is a growing imperative for tailored implementation in school counselling. By emphasising client agency, strengths, and understanding, person-centred therapy arguably holds the potential to support neurodivergent student wellbeing within school counselling and across a multi-tiered system of support. The person-centred therapy modalities, including traditional person-centred therapy, pre-therapy, child-centred play therapy, school-based filial therapy, and collaborative and proactive solutions, offer the flexibility to accommodate diverse age groups, developmental stages, and communication styles. Overall, adopting a neurodiversity-affirming school counselling approach underscores a paradigm shift that supports the wellbeing and autonomy of neurodivergent students.
Advances in Surgery for Metastatic Disease of the Spine: An Update for Oncologists
Authors: Kow Chien Yew , Castle-Kirszbaum Mendel , Kam Jeremy KT , Goldschlager Tony
Published: July 2024

Study Design

Narrative review

Objective

Metastatic spine disease is an increasingly common clinical challenge that requires individualised multidisciplinary care from spine surgeons and oncologists. In this article, the authors describe the recent surgical advances in patients presenting with spinal metastases.

Methods

We present an overview of the presentation, assessment, and management of spinal metastases from the perspective of the spine surgeon, highlighting advances in surgical technology and techniques, to facilitate multidisciplinary care for this complex patient group. Neither institutional review board approval nor patient consent was needed for this review.

Results

Advances in radiotherapy delivery and systemic therapy (including immunotherapy and targeted therapy) have refined operative indications for decompression of neural structures and spinal stabilisation, while advances in surgical technology and technique enable these goals to be achieved with reduced morbidity. Formulating individualised management strategies that optimise outcome, while meeting patient goals and expectations, requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors important to patient management.

Conclusion

Spinal metastases require prompt diagnosis and expert management by a multidisciplinary team. Improvements in systemic, radiation, and surgical therapies have broadened operative indications and increased operative candidacy, and future advances are likely to continue this trend.
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of Hsf gene family in Verbena bonariensis under low-temperature stress
Authors: Yang Xiuliu , Wang Sisi , Cai Ju , Zhang Tao , Yuan Dandan , Li Yan
Published: July 2024

Background

The heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) is a crucial regulator of plant stress resistance, playing a key role in plant stress response, growth, and development regulation.

Results

In this study, we utilized bioinformatics tools to screen 25 VbHsf members, which were named VbHsf1-VbHsf25. We used bioinformatics methods to analyze the sequence structure, physicochemical properties, conserved motifs, phylogenetic evolution, chromosome localization, promoter cis-acting elements, collinearity, and gene expression of Hsf heat shock transcription factor family members under low-temperature stress. The results revealed that the majority of the Hsf genes contained motif1, motif2, and motif3, signifying that these three motifs were highly conserved in the Hsf protein sequence of Verbena bonariensis. Although there were some variations in motif deletion among the members, the domain remained highly conserved. The theoretical isoelectric point ranged from 4.17 to 9.71, with 21 members being unstable proteins and the remainder being stable proteins. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that all members were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsf gene family in V. bonariensis and Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the Hsf gene family of V. bonariensis could be categorized into three groups, with group A comprising 17 members and group C having at least two members. Among the 25 Hsf members, there were 1–3 exons located on seven chromosome fragments, which were unevenly distributed. Collinearity analysis demonstrated the presence of seven pairs of homologous genes in the VbHsf gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios were less than one, indicating that the VbHsf gene underwent purification selection pressure. Additionally, nine genes in V. bonariensis were found to have collinearity with A. thaliana. Promoter analysis revealed that the promoters of all VbHsf genes contained various types of cis-acting elements related to hormones and stress. Based on RNA-seq data, qRT-PCR analysis of six highly expressed genes was performed, and it was found that VbHsf5, VbHsf14, VbHsf17, VbHsf18, VbHsf20 and VbHsf21 genes were highly expressed at 12 h of low-temperature treatment, and the expression decreased after 24 h, among which VbHsf14 was up-regulated at 12 h of low-temperature by 70-fold.

Conclusions

Our study may help reveal the important roles of Hsf in plant development and show insight for the further molecular breeding of V. bonariensis.
guidedNOMe-seq quantifies chromatin states at single allele resolution for hundreds of custom regions in parallel
Authors: Schwaiger Michaela , Mohn Fabio , Bühler Marc , Kaaij Lucas J. T.
Published: July 2024

Since the introduction of next generation sequencing technologies, the field of epigenomics has evolved rapidly. However, most commonly used assays are enrichment-based methods and thus only semi-quantitative. Nucleosome occupancy and methylome sequencing (NOMe-seq) allows for quantitative inference of chromatin states with single locus resolution, but this requires high sequencing depth and is therefore prohibitively expensive to routinely apply to organisms with large genomes. To overcome this limitation, we introduce guidedNOMe-seq, where we combine NOMe profiling with large scale sgRNA synthesis and Cas9-mediated region-of-interest (ROI) liberation. To facilitate quantitative comparisons between multiple samples, we additionally develop an R package to standardize differential analysis of any type of NOMe-seq data. We extensively benchmark guidedNOMe-seq in a proof-of-concept study, dissecting the interplay of ChAHP and CTCF on chromatin. In summary we present a cost-effective, scalable, and customizable target enrichment extension to the existing NOMe-seq protocol allowing genome-scale quantification of nucleosome occupancy and transcription factor binding at single allele resolution.
Transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula genotypes in response to spring black stem and leaf spot disease
Authors: Botkin Jacob R. , Curtin Shaun J.
Published: July 2024

Ascochyta blights cause yield losses in all major legume crops. Spring black stem (SBS) and leaf spot disease is a major foliar disease of Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa (alfalfa) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta medicaginicola. This present study sought to identify candidate genes for SBS disease resistance for future functional validation. We employed RNA-seq to profile the transcriptomes of a resistant (HM078) and susceptible (A17) genotype of M. truncatula at 24, 48, and 72 h post inoculation. Preliminary microscopic examination showed reduced pathogen growth on the resistant genotype. In total, 192 and 2,908 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in the resistant and susceptible genotype, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the susceptible genotype engaged in processes in the cell periphery and plasma membrane, as well as flavonoid biosynthesis whereas the resistant genotype utilized calcium ion binding, cell wall modifications, and external encapsulating structures. Candidate genes for disease resistance were selected based on the following criteria; among the top ten upregulated or downregulated genes in the resistant genotype, upregulated over time in the resistant genotype, hormone pathway genes, plant disease resistance genes, receptor-like kinases, contrasting expression profiles in QTL for disease resistance, and upregulated genes in enriched pathways. Overall, 22 candidate genes for SBS disease resistance were identified with support from the literature. These genes will be sources for future targeted mutagenesis and candidate gene validation potentially helping to improve disease resistance to this devastating foliar pathogen.
The prevalence of physical and verbal violence among emergency medicine physicians in military hospitals vs non-military hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Babkair Kholoud Abdullah , Altirkistani Bsaim Abdulsalam , Baljoon Jamil Mostafa , Almehmadi Abdulrahman Adnan , Atiah Ahmad Loay , Alsadan Sultan Abdullah , Moamena Montasir Esam
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In healthcare settings, physical and verbal attacks are commonly encountered in the workplace among healthcare providers. Patients and patients’ relatives and friends have been reported to be the perpetrators of workplace violence. Among all healthcare settings, emergency department (ED) have been designated as high-risk settings for violence, where more than one-quarter of emergency physicians reported that they were victims of physical assault. This study aimed to report the prevalence of workplace violence against emergency medicine physicians in military and non-military hospitals in Jeddah city.

Methodology

A cross-sectional design has been used in this study. An electronic questionnaire was developed through the Google Form Platform and it included demographic data, the occurrence of verbal or physical violence in the workplace to participants, how many times they experienced this violence, the time of incidents, the location either inside or outside the hospital, whether the perpetrators were mostly patients, patient families, or friends, and whether they reported any violence or not. Categorical variables were used to describe frequencies and percentages, while descriptive statistics such as mean and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were used to summarize the scale variables. P < 0.05 was considered for statistically significant differences.

Results

Among the 100 participants, 76 experienced either physical or verbal violence, or both. The remaining 24 did not experience any sort of violence. 83% of the physicians who have been physically violated were working in non-military hospitals. Of the 72 participants who had experienced verbal violence, 51 (70.8%) were working in a non-military hospital, while 21 (29.2%) were in a military hospital. The most common reason for not reporting was that the participants felt that reporting the violence incidence was useless. Moreover, 92% of participants chose “Train healthcare workers to deal with violent attacks” as a suggested helpful factor in decreasing the number of work-related violence. In addition, “Education of the public” and “Raising awareness of healthcare workers” were chosen as helpful factors as well by 91% and 90% of participants, respectively.

Conclusion

This revealed that physicians in non-military hospitals experience higher levels of violence compared to their military counterparts. However, it is concerning that instances of violence are substantially under-reported across both military and non-military healthcare facilities.
Identifying the key characteristics, trends, and seasonality of pedestrian traffic injury at a major trauma center in Saudi Arabia: a registry-based retrospective cohort study, 2017–2022
Authors: Alharbi Rayan Jafnan , Alghamdi Abdulrhman Saleh , Al-Jafar Rami , Almuwallad Ateeq , Chowdhury Sharfuddin
Published: July 2024

Background

Pedestrian traffic injuries are a rising public health concern worldwide. In rapidly urbanizing countries like Saudi Arabia, these injuries account for a considerable proportion of trauma cases and represent a challenge for healthcare systems. The study aims to analyze the key characteristics, seasonality, and outcomes of pedestrian traffic injuries in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of all pedestrian traffic injuries presented to King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, and included in the Saudi Trauma Registry (STAR) database between August 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. The analysis of metric and nominal variables was reported as mean (standard deviation, SD) or median (interquartile range, IQR) and frequencies (%), respectively. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of patients’ pre-hospital vitals and key characteristics on arrival at the ED on the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality.

Results

During the study period, 1062 pedestrian-injured patients were included in the analysis, mostly males (89.45%) with a mean (SD) age of 33.44 (17.92) years. One-third (35.88%) of the patients were Saudi nationals. Two-thirds (67.04%) of the injuries occurred from 6 p.m. until 6 a.m. Compared to other years, a smaller % of injury events (13.28%) were noticed during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). Half (50.19%) of the patients were transported to the emergency department by the Red Crescent ambulance, and 19.68% required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients (87.85%) were discharged home after completion of treatment, and our cohort had a 4.89% overall mortality. The logistic regression analysis showed the influence of patients’ pre-hospital vitals and key characteristics on arrival at the ED on the need for mechanical ventilation (Chi2 = 161.95, p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (Chi2 = 63.78, p < 0.001) as a whole significant.

Conclusion

This study details the demographic, temporal, and clinical trends of pedestrian traffic injuries at a major Saudi trauma center. Identifying high-risk individuals and injury timing is crucial for resource allocation, targeting road safety interventions like public awareness campaigns and regulatory reforms, and improving prehospital care and patient outcomes.
Validation of the Arabic version of the diabetes self-management questionnaire in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Innab Adnan , Kerari Ali
Published: July 2024

Background

The number of instruments available for measuring diabetes self-management activities in Arabic countries has been limited to date. To our knowledge, no multidimensional instrument suitable for measuring diabetes self-management is currently available in Arabic. This study assessed the validation of the Arabic version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (A-DSMQ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2022 at primary healthcare centers within the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Four steps were followed during the translation and adaptation of the DSMQ: forward translation, consulting an expert panel, backward translation, and pilot testing on the target population. The data were collected using a convenience sample of 154 patients with T2DM. Cronbach’s α coefficient, criterion validity, and known-group validity were determined.

Results

Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency was 0.76. The A-DMSQ “sum scale” scores were negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (Pearson’s r =  − 0.48, p < 0.01) and body mass indices (r =  − 0.29, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with Self-Rated Health Scale scores (r = 0.41, p < 0.01). Mean A-DSMQ “sum scale” scores differed significantly among groups with adequate, partially adequate, and inadequate glycemic control (F = 23.193, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These results indicate that the A-DSMQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring diabetes self-management in patients with T2DM. The A-DSMQ can be used by researchers and healthcare providers interested in assessing diabetes self-management in this population. Healthcare providers should remain alert for suboptimal diabetes self-management, which may lead to significant economic costs in emergency and healthcare utilization.
The effect of education level on depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults–parallel mediating effects of economic security level and subjective memory ability
Authors: Zhao Ruonan , Wang Jian , Lou Jiaxu , Liu Mei , Deng Jiahui , Huang Derong , Fang Huiling
Published: July 2024

Background

Depression in older adults needs urgent attention. Increased education level may reduce depressive symptoms in older adults, and that economic security level and subjective memory ability may also have an impact on depressive symptoms in older adults, but the mechanisms between education level and depressive symptoms in older adults are unclear. This study endeavors to investigate the parallel mediating roles of economic security level and subjective memory ability between education level and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Methods

A total of 4325 older adults people aged 60 years and above were selected from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) as the study population, and all data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the variables. Model 4 from the SPSS macro was used to assess the parallel mediating role of economic security level and subjective memory ability in the relationship between education level and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Results

Education level, economic security level, and subjective memory ability were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults (p < 0.01). Educational level was a negative predictor of depressive symptoms (β=-0.134, P < 0.001). Education level was a positive predictor of economic security level (β = 0.467, P < 0.001) and subjective memory ability (β = 0.224, P < 0.001). Education level, economic security level, and subjective memory ability were significant negative predictors of depressive symptoms (β= -0.039, P < 0.05; β= -0.122, P < 0.001; β= -0.169, P < 0.001). Education level influenced depressive symptoms through parallel mediating effects of economic security level and subjective memory ability, with mediating effects accounting for 42.70% and 28.30% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusions

Education level not only directly influences depressive symptoms in older adults, but also indirectly through the economic security level and subjective memory ability. Educational level can reduce depressive symptoms in older adults by increasing their economic security level and enhancing their subjective memory ability. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of improving the educational level of the population as it affects people’s mental health in old age.