bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary emergencies
Authors: Rafaely Daniella , Whitehead Kevin A.
Published: March 2020

This report uses audio recorded telephone calls and textual data from an emergency medical services call center to
examine the interactional practices through which speakers produce what we call “extraordinary emergencies”, treating the events
concerned as requiring moral, as well as medical, attention. Since one of the overarching institutional aims of emergency call
centers is to facilitate the efficient provision of medical services, call-takers typically treat reported emergencies as routine
events. However, in some instances speakers produce practices that do not contribute toward the institutional agenda of providing
medical assistance, thereby treating them as extraordinary cases. These practices occurred recurrently in calls involving reports
of emergencies relating to child sexuality, including sexual assaults against children and obstetric emergencies where the mother
was particularly young. We discuss the implications of these findings for the situated reproduction of particular moral norms,
especially with respect to the category of the child in society.
When lying is more than deceiving
Authors: Li Xin , Yuan Yumeng
Published: March 2020

Lying is a common but controversial verbal phenomenon in human society. This paper aims to uncover the motivation
and mechanism of lying as regards its definition, classification and operation by analyzing both the speaker’s production and the
addressee’s interpretation process. The Relevance-Adaptation Model is adopted as its theoretical framework. Lying cases, retrieved
from an American TV drama Lie to Me, are analyzed from different perspectives to provide concrete evidence for
the theoretical assumptions.

The findings are two-fold: Theoretically, this paper formulates a working diagram of the Relevance-Adaptation
Model with some modifications to the original to be better applied to the field of lying. Empirically, it supports the claim that
the presumption of relevance motivates both the speaker and the addressee to lie or to process lying in the first place. Then,
both communicators will enter a relevance-adaptation phase through making structural choices inter-adapt with relevant contextual
correlates. An optimal lie is one which is maximally relevant and maximally adapted to the context to benefit the speaker and/or
the addressee.
An emergent English-mediated identity and a Chinese variety of WE
Authors: Tickoo Asha
Published: March 2020

This paper will document an English-learning influenced transformation of self, as a shared experience amongst a
community of its Chinese users. The study examines 84 English narratives on the English language learning (ELL) experience of
undergraduate L1 speakers of Mandarin at three proficiency levels: Year II, Year III and Year IV. Identity, expressed in learners’
positioning on ELL, is assessed in its explicit, propositionally represented form, and its linguistically marked implicit
counterpart. Implicit positioning is examined at the macro-discoursal level by acknowledging the choice of the narrative
configuration, and therefore the perceptual mould, adopted for the capture of the ELL experience. It is also assessed at the
micro-discoursal, sentential level in (1) the registered sense of agency over the learning, (2) the assumed responsibility for
statements about the learning, and (3) the character of definition given to the learning. The cross-proficiency level assessment
will show that overt and implicit positioning are in consonance in capturing a gradual adoption of an English-mediated access to
the world, with resulting altered affiliations, affinities, and sense of being. The study traces the emergence of a Chinese
community uniquely defined, in its own perception, by the use of the English language; hence its significance to the World
Englishes enterprise.
Autonomic regulation of the heart and arrhythmogenesis in trained breath‐hold divers
Authors: Costalat Guillaume , Godin Benedicte , Balmain Bryce N. , Moreau Clara , Brotherton Emily , Billaut Francois , Lemaitre Frederic
Published: March 2020

Breath‐hold divers are known to develop cardiac autonomic changes and brady‐arrthymias during prolonged breath‐holding (BH). The effects of BH‐induced hypoxemia were investigated upon both cardiac autonomic status and arrhythmogenesis by comparing breath‐hold divers (BHDs) to non‐divers (NDs). Eighteen participants (9 BHDs, 9 NDs) performed a maximal voluntary BH with face immersion. BHDs were asked to perform an additional BH at water surface to increase the degree of hypoxemia. Beat‐to‐beat changes in heart rate (HR), short‐term fractal scaling exponent (DFAα1), the number of arrhythmic events [premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), premature atrial contractions (PACs)] and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded during and immediately following BH. The corrected QT‐intervals (QTc) were analyzed pre‐ and post‐acute BH. A regression‐based model was used to split BH into a normoxic (NX) and a hypoxemic phase (HX). During the HX phase of BH, BHDs showed a progressive decrease in DFAα1 during BH with face immersion (p < 0.01) and BH with whole‐body immersion (p < 0.01) whereas NDs did not (p > 0.05). In addition, BHDs had more arrhythmic events during the HX of BH with whole‐body immersion when compared to the corresponding NX phase (5.9 ± 6.7 vs 0.4 ± 1.3; p < 0.05; respectively). The number of PVCs was negatively correlated with SpO2 during BH with whole‐body immersion (r = −0.72; p < 0.05). The hypoxemic stage of voluntary BH is concomitant with significant cardiac autonomic changes toward a synergistic sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. Co‐activation led ultimately to increased bradycardic response and cardiac electrophysiological disturbances.
Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy fingerprints subpopulations of extracellular vesicles of different sizes and cellular origin
Authors: Paolini Lucia , Federici Stefania , Consoli Giovanni , Arceri Diletta , Radeghieri Annalisa , Alessandri Ivano , Bergese Paolo
Published: March 2020

Identification of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations remains an open challenge. To date, the common strategy is based on searching and probing set of molecular components and physical properties intended to be univocally characteristics of the target subpopulation. Pitfalls include the risk to opt for an unsuitable marker set – which may either not represent the subpopulation or also cover other unintended subpopulations – and the need to use different characterization techniques and equipment. This approach focused on specific markers may result inadequate to routinely deal with EV subpopulations that have an intrinsic high level of heterogeneity. In this paper, we show that Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy can provide a collective fingerprint of EV subpopulations in one single experiment. FT‐IR measurements were performed on large (LEVs, ~600 nm), medium (MEVs, ~200 nm) and small (SEVs ~60 nm) EVs enriched from two different cell lines medium: murine prostate cancer (TRAMP‐C2) and skin melanoma (B16). Spectral regions between 3100–2800 cm−1 and 1880–900 cm−1, corresponding to functional groups mainly ascribed to lipid and protein contributions, were acquired and processed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). LEVs, MEVs and SEVs were separately grouped for both the considered cell lines. Moreover, subpopulations of the same size but from different sources were assigned (with different degrees of accuracy) to two different groups. These findings demonstrate that FT‐IR has the potential to quickly fingerprint EV subpopulations as a whole, suggesting an appealing complement/alternative for their characterization and grading, extendable to healthy and pathological EVs and fully artificial nanovesicles.
Oocytes mount a noncanonical DNA damage response involving APC-Cdh1–mediated proteolysis
Authors: Subramanian Goutham Narayanan , Greaney Jessica , Wei Zhe , Becherel Olivier , Lavin Martin , Homer Hayden Anthony
Published: March 2020

In mitotic cells, DNA damage induces temporary G2 arrest via inhibitory Cdk1 phosphorylation. In contrast, fully grown G2-stage oocytes readily enter M phase immediately following chemical induction of DNA damage in vitro, indicating that the canonical immediate-response G2/M DNA damage response (DDR) may be deficient. Senataxin (Setx) is involved in RNA/DNA processing and maintaining genome integrity. Here we find that mouse oocytes deleted of Setx accumulate DNA damage when exposed to oxidative stress in vitro and during aging in vivo, after which, surprisingly, they undergo G2 arrest. Moreover, fully grown wild-type oocytes undergo G2 arrest after chemotherapy-induced in vitro damage if an overnight delay is imposed following damage induction. Unexpectedly, this slow-evolving DDR is not mediated by inhibitory Cdk1 phosphorylation but by APC-Cdh1–mediated proteolysis of the Cdk1 activator, cyclin B1, secondary to increased Cdc14B-dependent APC-Cdh1 activation and reduced Emi1-dependent inhibition. Thus, oocytes are unable to respond immediately to DNA damage, but instead mount a G2/M DDR that evolves slowly and involves a phosphorylation-independent proteolytic pathway.
Quasi-normal modes of hairy scalar tensor black holes: odd parity
Authors: Tattersall Oliver J
Published: March 2020

The odd parity gravitational quasi-normal mode spectrum of black holes with non-trivial scalar hair in Horndeski gravity is investigated. We study ‘almost’ Schwarzschild black holes such that any modifications to the spacetime geometry (including the scalar field profile) are treated as small quantities. A modified Regge–Wheeler style equation for the odd parity gravitational degree of freedom is presented to quadratic order in the scalar hair and spacetime modifications, and a parameterisation of the modified quasi-normal mode spectrum is calculated. In addition, statistical error estimates for the new hairy parameters of the black hole and scalar field are given.
Ab initio electronic structure of the Sr2+ molecular ion
Authors: Śmiałkowski Michał , Korona Tatiana , Tomza Michał
Published: March 2020

Molecular ions formed in cold hybrid ion-atom experiments may find interesting applications ranging from precision measurements to controlled chemical reactions. Here, we investigate electronic structure of the Sr2
+ molecular ion, which may be produced by photoassociation of laser-cooled Sr+ ions immersed into an ultracold gas of Sr atoms or by ionization of ultracold Sr2 molecules. Using ab initio electronic structure methods, such as the coupled cluster and configuration interaction ones with small-core relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials and large Gaussian basis sets, we calculate potential energy curves for the ground and 41 excited electronic states, and electric dipole transition moments between them. We show that alkaline-earth molecular ions despite of their apparently simple structure with three valence electrons only are challenging for state-of-the-art quantum chemistry methods due to their multireference nature and high density of states. Finally, we calculate and analyze Franck-Condon factors governing the photoionization of ground-state Sr2 molecules into 2Σu
+ and 2Σg
+ states of Sr2
+ molecular ions. The present results may be useful for studying and guiding formation and spectroscopy of cold Sr2
+ molecular ions.
The 2020 skyrmionics roadmap
Authors: Back C , Cros V , Ebert H , Everschor-Sitte K , Fert A , Garst M , Ma Tianping , Mankovsky S , Monchesky T L , Mostovoy M , Nagaosa N , Parkin S S P , Pfleiderer C , Reyren N , Rosch A , Taguchi Y , Tokura Y , von Bergmann K , Zang Jiadong
Published: March 2020

The notion of non-trivial topological winding in condensed matter systems represents a major area of present-day theoretical and experimental research. Magnetic materials offer a versatile platform that is particularly amenable for the exploration of topological spin solitons in real space such as skyrmions. First identified in non-centrosymmetric bulk materials, the rapidly growing zoology of materials systems hosting skyrmions and related topological spin solitons includes bulk compounds, surfaces, thin films, heterostructures, nano-wires and nano-dots. This underscores an exceptional potential for major breakthroughs ranging from fundamental questions to applications as driven by an interdisciplinary exchange of ideas between areas in magnetism which traditionally have been pursued rather independently. The skyrmionics Roadmap provides a review of the present state of the art and the wide range of research directions and strategies currently under way. These are, for instance, motivated by the identification of the fundamental structural properties of skyrmions and related textures, processes of nucleation and annihilation in the presence of non-trivial topological winding, an exceptionally efficient coupling to spin currents generating spin transfer torques at tiny current densities, as well as the capability to purpose-design broad-band spin dynamic and logic devices.
Solute segregation to near-coincidence site lattice grain boundaries in α-iron
Authors: Hendy Mohamed A , Hamza Mohamed H , Hegazi Hesham A , Hatem Tarek M
Published: March 2020

Coincidence site lattice grain-boundaries (CSL-GBs) are commonly observed in steel alloys and play a major role in controlling their mechanical properties. In practice, CSL-GBs do experience deviations from their ideal configurations, where the deviation from the ideal symmetry plane can be modeled as sub-boundary network of misfit dislocations. In this study, segregation energy of hydrogen and carbon atoms to ∑3 (111), ∑3 (112), and ∑5 (310) CSL-GBs and their deviated configurations within Brandon’s criterion range in α-iron is studied using molecular statics simulations. Thereafter, through utilizing Rice–Wang model the change of the cohesive GB energy is computed and correlated to misfit dislocations structures. The results show significant correlation between the crystallographic aspects of the GBs and the hydrogen/carbon embrittlement/strengthening effect. While the ideal CSL-GBs consistently show the highest resistance to hydrogen enhanced decohesion effect, the deviations from the ideal configurations accompanied by misfit dislocation core structures along the boundaries show high solute carbon strengthening.
Suppressing kelvin–helmholtz instability with an external magnetic field
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhong Jiayong , Lei Zhu , Zhang Shu , Wang Lifeng , Zhao Kaige , An Weiming , Ping Yongli , Han Bo , Yuan Dawei , Tong Bowei , Zhang Qian , Yuan Xiaoxia , Zhu Baojun , Zhang Zhe , Li Yutong , Qiao Bin , Cheng Lei , Wang Jianzhao , Xing Chunqing , Jiang Weiman , Wei Huigang , Liang Guiyun , Xie Zhiyong , Wang Chen , Jin Mengqi , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2020

We discuss the formation of a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) produced by a laser-driven thin separate plastic (CH) foil plasma. The experimental design consists of magnetized plasma driven by intense laser irradiation and a small cylindrical permanent magnet. By comparing situations with and without an external magnetic field, we found that the KHI showed different rolling features which could be effectively suppressed by an external magnetic field. A quantitative analysis shows the consistency between the experiments and theory.
Scalable characterization of localizable entanglement in noisy topological quantum codes
Authors: Amaro David , Müller Markus , Pal Amit Kumar
Published: March 2020

Topological quantum error correcting codes have emerged as leading candidates towards the goal of achieving large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, quantifying entanglement in these systems of large size in the presence of noise is a challenging task. In this paper, we provide two different prescriptions to characterize noisy stabilizer states, including the surface and the color codes, in terms of localizable entanglement over a subset of qubits. In one approach, we exploit appropriately constructed entanglement witness operators to estimate a witness-based lower bound of localizable entanglement, which is directly accessible in experiments. In the other recipe, we use graph states that are local unitary equivalent to the stabilizer state to determine a computable measurement-based lower bound of localizable entanglement. If used experimentally, this translates to a lower bound of localizable entanglement obtained from single-qubit measurements in specific bases to be performed on the qubits outside the subsystem of interest. Towards computing these lower bounds, we discuss in detail the methodology of obtaining a local unitary equivalent graph state from a stabilizer state, which includes a new and scalable geometric recipe as well as an algebraic method that applies to general stabilizer states of arbitrary size. Moreover, as a crucial step of the latter recipe, we develop a scalable graph-transformation algorithm that creates a link between two specific nodes in a graph using a sequence of local complementation operations. We develop open-source Python packages for these transformations, and illustrate the methodology by applying it to a noisy topological color code, and study how the witness and measurement-based lower bounds of localizable entanglement varies with the distance between the chosen qubits.
Topological spin–valley filtering effects based on hybrid silicene-like nanoribbons
Authors: Yang Jia-En , Lü Xiao-Long , Zhang Chun-Xia , Xie Hang
Published: March 2020

Topological edge states have crucial applications in nano spintronics and valleytronics devices, while topological inner-edge states have seldom been extensively researched in this field. Based on the inner-edge states of the hybridized zigzag silicene-like nanoribbons, we investigate their transport properties. We propose two types of spin–valley filters. The first type can generate two different spin–valley polarized currents in output leads, respectively. The second type outputs the specific spin–valley polarized current in only one of the output leads. All these inner-edge states have the spin–valley-momentum locking property. These types of filters can switch the output spin–valley polarizations by modulating the external fields. Besides, we also find that the device size plays a crucial role in designing these spin–valley filters. Moreover, the local current distributions are calculated to visualize the detailed transport process and understand the mechanism. The mechanism lies that the spin–valley polarized current can nearly freely pass through the system with the same momentum, spin and valley degrees of freedom. The small reflection of the current results from the inter-valley scattering. In particular, we also consider the realistic (disorder) effects on the performance of these filters to ensure the robustness of our systems. We believe these spin–valley current filtering effects have potential applications in the future spintronics and valleytronics device designs.
Scalable quantum computing stabilised by optical tweezers on an ion crystal
Authors: Shen Yu-Ching , Lin Guin-Dar
Published: March 2020

As it has been demonstrated that trapped ion systems have unmatched long-lived quantum-bit (qubit) coherence and can support high-fidelity quantum manipulations, how to scale up the system size becomes an inevitable task for practical purposes. In this work, we theoretically analyse the physical limitation of scalability with a trapped ion array, and propose a feasible scheme of architecture that in principle allows an arbitrary number of ion qubits, for which the overhead only scales linearly with the system size. This scheme relies on the combined ideas of a trap architecture of tunable size, stabilisation of an ion crystal by optical tweezers, and continuous sympathetic cooling without touching the stored information. We demonstrate that illumination of optical tweezers modifies the motional spectrum by effectively pinning the ions, lifting the frequencies of the motional ground modes. By doing so, we make the structure of the array less vulnerable from thermal excitations, and suppress the position fluctuations to insure faithful gate operations. Finally, we also explore the local behaviour of cooling when a sub-array is isolated by optical tweezers from other parts of the crystal.
The stability of hole-doped antiferromagnetic state in a two-orbital model
Authors: Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Go Ara , Choi Han-Yong , Bang Yunkyu
Published: March 2020

We investigate the hole-doped antiferromagnetic state in a two-orbital model of cuprates. The model also includes

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

orbital. Unlike the one-orbital model, we find the antiferromagnetic state stable against the hole doping for the cuprates with orbital splitting between

d

x

2

−

y

2

and

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

orbitals being ∼1 eV. This results from the fact that the Hund’s coupling enforces the filling of

d

x

2

−

y

2

orbital ≈1 indicated by a significant reduction of

d

x

2

−

y

2

spectral density at the Fermi level. This, in turn, leads to the suppression of intraband fluctuations detrimental to the antiferromagnetic phase. In this scenario, hole doping involves removal of mainly

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

electrons that are comparatively more localized. One important caveat of our meanfield theoretic result and conclusion is that they are reliable only for a very low hole doping region.
Measurement of thermodynamic temperature between 5 K and 24.5 K with single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry
Authors: Gao Bo , Zhang Haiyang , Han Dongxu , Pan Changzhao , Chen Hui , Song Yaonan , Liu Wenjing , Hu Jiangfeng , Kong Xiangjie , Sparasci Fernando , Plimmer Mark , Luo Ercang , Pitre Laurent
Published: March 2020

We describe measurements of thermodynamic temperature in the range 5 K to 24.5561 K (the triple point of neon) using single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry (SPRIGT) with 4He. In the wake of the May 2019 re-definition of the kelvin and its associated mise en pratique, the main purpose of the work is to provide values of T–T
90, the discrepancy between thermodynamic temperature and that of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). The link to ITS-90 is made via calibrated rhodium-iron resistance thermometers. Innovations required to reach the level of accuracy required for meaningful measurements (uncertainty in T–T
90 less than the expected deviation) include the suppression of temperature oscillations in a cryogen-free cryostat, a pressure stabilization scheme based on a non-rotating piston balance, modelling of the hydrostatic head correction and refinements of the measurement of microwave resonances in a quasi-spherical copper resonator. The accuracy of measurements varies from 0.05 mK to 0.17 mK and is competitive with that of all previous ones in this temperature range using other techniques. The improvement stems partly from the new techniques used for the new definition of the kelvin as well as ab initio calculations of the thermophysical properties ofgaseous 4He. In addition to confirming the validity of SPRIGT as an accurate, easier-to-implement alternative to other low-temperature primary thermometry techniques (e.g. acoustic gas thermometry) yet with scope for improvement, the results should provide important input data for any future revision of ITS-90.
Tangent space spatial filters for interpretable and efficient Riemannian classification
Authors: Xu Jiachen , Grosse-Wentrup Moritz , Jayaram Vinay
Published: March 2020

Objective. Methods based on Riemannian geometry have proven themselves to be good models for decoding in brain-computer interfacing (BCI). However, these methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality and are not possible to deploy in high-density online BCI systems. In addition, the lack of interpretability of Riemannian methods leaves open the possibility that artifacts drive classification performance, which is problematic in the areas where artifactual control is crucial, e.g. neurofeedback and BCIs in patient populations. Approach. We rigorously proved the exact equivalence between any linear function on the tangent space and corresponding derived spatial filters. Upon which, we further proposed a set of dimension reduction solutions for Riemannian methods without intensive optimization steps. The proposed pipelines are validated against classic common spatial patterns and tangent space classification using an open-access BCI analysis framework, which contains over seven datasets and 200 subjects in total. At last, the robustness of our framework is verified via visualizing the corresponding spatial patterns. Main results. Proposed spatial filtering methods possess competitive, sometimes even slightly better, performances comparing to classic tangent space classification while reducing the time cost up to 97% in the testing stage. Importantly, the performances of proposed spatial filtering methods converge with using only four to six filter components regardless of the number of channels which is also cross validated by the visualized spatial patterns. These results reveal the possibility of underlying neuronal sources within each recording session. Significance. Our work promotes the theoretical understanding about Riemannian geometry based BCI classification and allows for more efficient classification as well as the removal of artifact sources from classifiers built on Riemannian methods.
Impact on air quality and health due to the Saddleworth Moor fire in northern England
Authors: Graham A M , Pope R J , Pringle K P , Arnold S , Chipperfield M P , Conibear L A , Butt E W , Kiely L , Knote C , McQuaid J B
Published: March 2020

On June 24th 2018 one of the largest UK wildfires in recent history broke out on Saddleworth Moor, close to Manchester, in north-west England. Since wildfires close to large populations in the UK have been relatively small and rare in the past, there is little knowledge about the impacts. This has prevented the development of effective strategies to reduce them. This paper uses a high-resolution coupled atmospheric-chemistry model to assess the impact of the fires on particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) across the region and the impact on health from short-term exposure. We find that the fires substantially degraded air quality. PM2.5 concentrations increased by more than 300% in Oldham and Manchester and up to 50% in areas up to 80 km away such as Liverpool and Wigan. This led to one quarter of the population (2.9 million people) in the simulation domain (−4.9–0.7°E and 53.0–54.4°N) being exposed to moderate PM2.5 concentrations on at least one day, according to the Daily Air Quality Index (36–53 µg m−3), between June 23rd and 30th 2018. This equates to 4.5 million people being exposed to PM2.5 above the WHO 24-hour guideline of 25 µg m−3 on at least one day. Using a concentration-response function we calculate the short-term health impact, which indicates that in total over the 7-day period 28 (95% CI: 14.1–42.1) deaths were brought forward, with a mean daily excess mortality of 3.5 deaths per day (95% CI: 1.8–5.3). The excess mortalities from PM2.5 from the fires represented up to 60% of the total excess mortality (5.7 of 9.5 excess deaths), representing an increase of 3.8 excess mortalities (165% increase) compared to if there were no fires. We find the impact of mortality due to PM2.5 from the fires on the economy was also substantial (£21.1 m).
Human influence on frequency of temperature extremes
Authors: Hu Ting , Sun Ying , Zhang Xuebin , Min Seung-Ki , Kim Yeon-Hee
Published: March 2020

We investigate the influence of external forcings on the frequency of temperature extremes over land at the global and continental scales by comparing HadEX3 observations and simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Programme Phase 6 (CMIP6) project. We consider four metrics including warm days and nights (TX90p and TN90p) and cold days and nights (TX10p and TN10p). The observational dataset during 1951–2018 shows continued increases in the warm days and nights and decreases in the cold days and nights in most land areas in the years after 2010. The area of the so-called ‘warming hole’ in North America is much reduced in 1951–2018 compared with that in 1951–2010. The comparison between observation and simulations based on an optimal fingerprinting method shows that the anthropogenic forcing, dominated by greenhouse gases, plays the most important role in the changes of the frequency indices. Changes in CMIP6 multi-model mean response to all forcing need to be scaled down to best match the observations, indicating that the multi-model ensemble mean may have overestimated the observed changes. Analyses that involve signals from anthropogenic and natural external forcings confirm that the anthropogenic signal can be detected over global land as a whole and for most continents in all temperature indices. Analyses that include signals from greenhouse gas (GHG), anthropogenic aerosol (AA) and natural external (NAT) forcings show that the GHG signal is detected in all indices over the globe and most continents while the AA signal can be detected mainly in the warm extremes but not the cold extremes over the globe and most continents. The effect of NAT is negligible in most land areas. GHG’s warming effect is offset partially by AA’s cooling effect. The combined effects from both explain most of the observed changes over the globe and continents.
Magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior near the first to second-order phase transition of La0.7Ca0.3−xSnxMnO3 compounds
Authors: Son Lam Dao , Dung Nguyen Thi , Dang Thanh Tran , Linh Dinh Chi , Nan Wen-Zhe , Yu Seong Cho
Published: March 2020

The magnetocaloric effect and the critical behavior near the first to second-order phase transition of La0.7Ca0.3-xSnxMnO3 compounds (with x = 0–0.04), which were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method, have been investigated. With increasing Sn-doping, a systematic decrease in the Curie temperature (T
C) and the magnetic entropy change (ΔS
m) are observed. We also pointed out that the width and the order of the magnetic phase transition in La0.7Ca0.3-xSnxMnO3 compounds can be easily modified by changing Sn concentration. The Banerjee criterion suggests that the Sn-undoped sample (x = 0) undergoes a first-order phase transition (FOPT). Meanwhile, Sn-doped samples (x = 0.02 and 0.04) undergo a second-order phase transition (SOPT). Based on the Kouvel-Fisher method and the critical isotherm analyses, we have determined the values of the critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) and T
C for two SOPT samples. The results obtained for x = 0.02 sample are β = 0.218, γ = 0.858, and δ = 4.717, which are close to those expected for the tricritical mean field theory. Whereas, β = 0.468, γ = 1.095 and δ = 3.315 obtained for x = 0.04 sample are close to those expected for the mean field theory. This suggests that the presence of Sn favors establishing the ferromagnetic long-range interactions in the sample.
African American physics students need more support
Authors: Randall Ian
Published: March 2020

Sweeping changes to US university-level teaching in physics and astronomy are required to address the long-running and systemic exclusion of African Americans.
'Disturbing' report accuses MIT of mistakes over Jeffrey Epstein links
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: March 2020

“Significant mistakes of judgment” have been made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in its dealings with the convicted sex offender and accused paedophile Jeffrey Epstein, who died last year.
Chinese researchers returning home in greater numbers
Authors: Xin Ling
Published: March 2020

About 80% of Chinese scientists who have gone abroad to study or work in the previous decade have returned home and are now publishing high-impact, collaborative research.
Publishers campaign against US open-access policy
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: March 2020

Scientific societies and publishers have voiced their concerns over the Trump administration’s rumoured plans to sign an executive order that would make all scholarly papers produced by government-sponsored research immediately available free to the public.
Physicist nominated to head National Science Foundation
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: March 2020

The Trump administration has nominated Sethuraman Panchanathan as the next director of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Ireland announces female-only professorships
Authors: King Anthony
Published: March 2020

Twenty female-only professorships at 12 Irish institutions have been approved for funding by the Irish government. The radical move aims to address gender inequality in Irish academia where women are underrepresented in fields such as physics, engineering and computer science.
Huge US solar project on brink of bankruptcy
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: March 2020

A $980m US solar-energy project that promised to “win the future” for concentrating solar power technologies faces the prospect of bankruptcy amid a series of financial, legal and technological issues.
India reveals third lunar mission
Authors: Padma T V
Published: March 2020

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced it will launch the country’s third mission to the Moon later this year.
Interference effects
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: March 2020

Thomas Young's famous double-slit experiment is the perfect analogy for Brexit.
Towards a quantum advantage
Authors: Mueck Leonie , Palacios-Berraquero Carmen , Persaud Divya M
Published: March 2020

Leonie Mueck, Carmen Palacios-Berraquero and Divya M Persaud argue that the term “quantum supremacy” should be replaced in favour of one that is more responsible
Flying carbon-free
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: March 2020

Greta Thunberg crossed the Atlantic on a zero-emission yacht, but how realistic is it to de-carbonize air travel? James McKenzie thinks he has the answer
Frying pan to fire
Authors: Collins Alan T
Published: March 2020

In response to Kate Ravilious’ article “Biomass energy: green or dirty” (January pp24–28), in which she investigates whether biomass fuel is as clean as it seems.
Double slits with single atoms
Authors: Murray Andrew
Published: March 2020

Thomas Young’s double-slit experiment is famous for demonstrating the principle of interference. Andrew Murray explains why it’s now possible to carry out an equivalent experiment using lasers that have excited individual rubidium atoms
The enduring enigma of the cosmic cold spot
Authors: Faisal ur Rahman Syed
Published: March 2020

Syed Faisal ur Rahman delves into the various explanations for the strange “cold spot” in the cosmic microwave background, the ancient light of the Big Bang, that bathes the universe
Quantum computing from the ground up
Authors: Harris Margaret
Published: March 2020

Trapped-ion computing pioneer Chris Monroe describes how decades of experience in academic and government research led him to start his own quantum computing firm
Printable inks help smart contact lenses power up
Authors: Stephens Marric
Published: March 2020

Researchers in the Republic of Korea have used printable inks that serve as both the electrode and an electrolyte to create flexible contact lenses that incorporate supercapacitors and wireless-charging components.
India invests heavily into quantum computing
Authors: Padma T V
Published: March 2020

India has announced $1.12bn over five years towards a national programme for quantum technology and applications. The measures were presented by India’s finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman to parliament on 1 February as part of the country’s 2020–2021 budget.
Convection cells the size of Texas dazzle with clarity on the Sun
Authors: Johnston Hamish
Published: March 2020

An image of the Sun with the highest spatial resolution ever has been taken by the Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope. Located on Haleakala volcano in Hawaii, the Inouye Solar Telescope has a mirror that measures 4 m across, making it the largest solar telescope ever.
Controversy continues over US scientists' China links
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: March 2020

Researchers in the US are warning that American government efforts to clamp down on scientists’ connections to China could risk harming fundamental freedom of the research enterprise and instigating racial discrimination against scientists of Chinese origin.
NASA sees big increase in otherwise dire Trump budget
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: March 2020

NASA could see a budget rise of 12% over the 2021 financial year bringing its funding to $25.2bn for the year beginning on 1 October. That is according to a budget request issued by the Trump administration early in February.
UK inveils investment and visa changes
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: March 2020

The UK government has announced a raft of measures to boost science in the country after formally leaving the European Union on 31 January.
Reimagining the future of food
Authors: McEntee Joe
Published: March 2020

Joe McEntee reports from an annual gathering of food physicists that showcased the strong connections between academia and industry
We should do more
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: March 2020

Why Physics World is committed to reflecting and promoting diversity in physics.
Pascal's wager
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: March 2020

Businesses must take action on climate change, which is why – says James McKenzie – it’s an example of a “Pascal’s wager”
Worlds beyond Earth
Authors: Crease Robert P
Published: March 2020

The Hayden Planetarium’s new space show has high production values and a strikingly earthy flavour, finds Robert P Crease
It's all cone wrong
Authors: Williams Trevor
Published: March 2020

In response to Michael Berry’s Lateral Thoughts article “True, but not real” (January p56).
Discrimination doubts
Authors: Huber Michael
Published: March 2020

In response to the news story “Ireland announces female-only professorships” (February p10). The move aims to address gender inequality in Irish academia, specifically the fact that in 2017 only 24% of professorships at Irish institutions were filled by women, as compared to 51% for lecturers.
Largely renewable
Authors: Craig David
Published: March 2020

In response to Alan T Collins’ letter “Frying pan to fire” (February p21), which touched on clean electric sources for electric vehicles
Navigating the terahertz gap
Authors: Perkowitz Sidney
Published: March 2020

The terahertz range has been barely exploited compared to the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum. But as Sidney Perkowitz argues, our ability to detect radiation at these wavelengths has proved vital in many areas of astronomy and cosmology
Time crystals enter the real world of condensed matter
Authors: Hannaford Peter , Sacha Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Time crystals break time-translational symmetry rather than spatial symmetry, as ordinary crystals do. Peter Hannaford and Krzysztof Sacha look at how this exotic state could have similar applications to condensed-matter devices
Death by prime numbers
Authors: Appell David
Published: March 2020

Two people are dead, and the police are baffled. Arnie Int, the 60-year-old lieutenant to the godfather of the Integer crime family, is found brutally murdered in a drainage tunnel. So begins the unique graphic novel Prime Suspects: the Anatomy of Integers and Permutations written by Andrew and Jennifer Granville, with illustrations by Robert J Lewis.
Fruit and roots for days
Authors: Duffy Caitlin
Published: March 2020

As an undergraduate student at the University of St Andrews from 2015 to 2019, my thirst for knowledge, and fine beverages, was quenched by two part-time jobs. The first was as a tour guide at Kingsbarns whisky distillery, and the second was as a retail assistant in a local drinks shop.
Forbidden nuclear transition sheds light on star death
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: March 2020

Intermediate-mass stars expire via thermonuclear explosions, rather than gravitational collapse, according to experiments and calculations carried out by an international team of astrophysicists.
First atomic-resolution image of coupled quantum dots
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: March 2020

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have, for the first time, created and imaged a pair of quantum dots — tiny islands of confined electric charge that act like interacting artificial atoms.
Energy efficiency guides lotus leaf growth
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: March 2020

When the leaves of the aquatic lotus plant, Nelumbo nucifera, float on water they are large and flat, with short ruffles along their edges.
Invisible dye embeds vaccination records on skin
Authors: Keen Cynthia E
Published: March 2020

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a microneedle patch containing a nanocrystal dye that creates near-infrared-emitting dots under the skin.
Surfactant-mediated dispersions of carbon nano-onions in aqueous solution
Authors: Camisasca Adalberto , Giordani Silvia
Published: March 2020

In this work, we investigate the ability of different surfactants to form homogeneous and stable dispersions of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) in water via non-covalent interactions. For our purposes, we select three ionic surfactants, namely the cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the two anionic deoxycholic acid sodium salt (DCAS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). We examine the dispersing efficacy at dispersing CNOs and long-term stability by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential. Among the three surfactants, the anionic surfactants show the best ability to create stable CNO dispersions, with SDBS exhibiting superior efficacy. Our non-covalent strategy provides a valuable approach to enhance the solubility features while preserving the unique properties of CNOs.
Relativism and the Metaphysics of Value
Authors: Evers Daan
Published: March 2020

I argue that relativists about aesthetic and other evaluative language face some of the same objections as non-naturalists in ethics. These objections concern the metaphysics required to make it work. Unlike (some) contextualists, relativists believe that evaluative propositions are not about the relation in which things stand to certain standards. Nevertheless, the truth of such propositions would depend on variable standards. I argue that relativism requires the existence of states of affairs very different from other things known to exist. Furthermore, there seems to be no convincing reason to postulate such entities. However, if they do not exist, then relativism leads to an error theory. That is unattractive, as relativism was meant to preserve the truth of many evaluative claims.
Doctors without ‘Disorders’
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa
Published: March 2020

On one influential view, the problems that should attract medical attention involve a disorder, because the goals of medical practice are to prevent and treat disorders. Based on this view, if there are no mental disorders then the status of psychiatry as a medical field is challenged. In this paper, I observe that it is often difficult to establish whether the problems that attract medical attention involve a disorder, and argue that none of the notions of disorder proposed so far offers a successful demarcation criterion between medical and non-medical problems. As an illustration, I consider why delusions are considered pathological and whether they attract medical attention in virtue of being pathological, where ‘pathological’ stands for ‘being caused by a disorder’. Although there are several promising answers to what makes delusions pathological, available accounts of the pathological nature of delusions fail to distinguish delusions from other irrational beliefs that are not typically thought of as pathological; and cannot explain why delusions typically attract medical attention whereas other irrational beliefs do not.
A knowledge-based scoring function to assess quaternary associations of proteins
Authors: Dhawanjewar Abhilesh S , Roy Ankit A , Madhusudhan Mallur S
Published: March 2020

Motivation

The elucidation of all inter-protein interactions would significantly enhance our knowledge of cellular processes at a molecular level. Given the enormity of the problem, the expenses and limitations of experimental methods, it is imperative that this problem is tackled computationally. In silico predictions of protein interactions entail sampling different conformations of the purported complex and then scoring these to assess for interaction viability. In this study, we have devised a new scheme for scoring protein–protein interactions.

Results

Our method, PIZSA (Protein Interaction Z-Score Assessment), is a binary classification scheme for identification of native protein quaternary assemblies (binders/nonbinders) based on statistical potentials. The scoring scheme incorporates residue–residue contact preference on the interface with per residue-pair atomic contributions and accounts for clashes. PIZSA can accurately discriminate between native and non-native structural conformations from protein docking experiments and outperform other contact-based potential scoring functions. The method has been extensively benchmarked and is among the top 6 methods, outperforming 31 other statistical, physics based and machine learning scoring schemes. The PIZSA potentials can also distinguish crystallization artifacts from biological interactions.

Availability and implementation

PIZSA is implemented as a web server at http://cospi.iiserpune.ac.in/pizsa and can be downloaded as a standalone package from http://cospi.iiserpune.ac.in/pizsa/Download/Download.html.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.