bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced magnetic modulation at a border of magnetic ordering in La1−xSrxMnO3/BaTiO3(100) heterostructure
Authors: Imura Keiichiro , Ishikawa Shota , Komori Sachio , Taniyama Tomoyasu
Published: May 2023

In La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO)/BaTiO3 (BTO) heterostructures with a multiferroic interface, an artificial modulation of the magnetic structure is observed. The saturation magnetization of La1−xSrxMnO3 changes discontinuously due to in-plane distortions caused by a structural phase transition of a BaTiO3 substrate. Polarity reversal of the external electric field also causes a reversible switching in the magnetization. The magnitude of both magnetic modulations, due to the magnetoelastic and electric field effects, is concomitantly enhanced at a critical composition xc∼0.55, locating at a border of the magnetic phase transition. The polarity-dependent change in magnetization is possibly attributed to a change in the concentration of oxygen ions at the LSMO/BTO interface, indicating that the exchange interaction is reciprocally driven from being ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic by the electric field polarity.
Dynamics of three-dimensional electrohydrodynamic instabilities on Taylor cone jets using a numerical approach
Authors: Cândido Sílvio , Páscoa José C.
Published: May 2023

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jets are a highly promising technology for the generation of three-dimensional micro- and nanoscale structures, but the advancement of this technology is hindered by the insufficient understanding of many aspects of its flow mechanisms, such as the whipping behavior under larger electric potentials. A fully coupled numerical simulation of the three-dimensional electrohydrodynamic jet flow is used here since non-symmetric effects govern most of their EHD regimes. By applying considerable electric capillary numbers (CaE>0.25), we capture radial instabilities that until now no other numerical simulation was able to present. A comparison against previous two-dimensional axis-symmetric and validation with experimental studies of the Taylor cone jet is initially done. An exciting gain in accuracy was obtained, having an error of around 1.101% on the morphology against experimental results. Moreover, our numerical model takes into consideration the contact angle between the surface of the nozzle and the liquid, which is shown to be a very important variable for improved accuracy in the morphologic shape of the Taylor cone. Moreover, the three-dimensional structures and flow dynamics, under different electric capillary numbers, and their connection to the instabilities of the jet are studied. We present a novel visualization of the formation of droplet generation with the receded Taylor cone and the whipping dynamics.
Study of perovskite CsPbBr3 detector polarization and its mitigation with ultrahigh x-ray flux
Authors: Pan Lei , Pandey Indra Raj , Liu Zhifu , Peters John A. , Chung Duck Young , Hansson Conny , Wessels Bruce W. , Miceli Antonino , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: May 2023

High-flux capable semiconductor x-ray detectors are essential in various applications, but the detrimental effects of detector polarization limit their use in many cases. Here, we studied the polarization of perovskite CsPbBr3 semiconductor detectors using ultrahigh flux synchrotron x rays (106–1012 photons s−1 mm−2 at 58.61 keV). The CsPbBr3 detectors did not show immediate polarization prominently until a flux higher than 1010 photons s−1 mm−2. Using the pump-and-probe technique, we visualized the spatial and temporal effects of polarization. The polarized region, represented by reduced photocurrent, extended beyond the area under direct irradiation, and the reduced photocurrent persisted after potential de-polarization treatments. We found that stronger applied electric fields and fewer carrier traps can mitigate polarization, represented by less photocurrent deficit. By examining the detectors’ current response under controlled ambient light, low, and high-flux x rays, we studied the trap filling and release behavior of CsPbBr3. We discovered that the polarization is caused by partial detector damage due to deep defects generated by ultrahigh flux x-ray irradiation. Our work provides insight into CsPbBr3 polarization under extremely intense x-ray radiation and shows that reducing crystal defects and increasing detector bias voltage are effective solutions.
Spatial control of skyrmion stabilization energy by low-energy Ga+ ion implantation
Authors: Miki S. , Hashimoto K. , Cho J. , Jung J. , You C. Y. , Ishikawa R. , Tamura E. , Nomura H. , Goto M. , Suzuki Y.
Published: May 2023

Magnetic skyrmions are candidates for information carriers in Brownian and stochastic computers. Developing a technique for fabricating a film with a suitable potential landscape, wherein the information carrier may diffuse freely, is essential for these probabilistic computers. In this study, to build the desired local potential into magnetic films, a 1.2 nm-thick Co-Fe-B film with a 5.2 nm-thick cap layer was irradiated by a focused ion beam (FIB) using Ga+ as the ion source under a low acceleration voltage of 5 keV. The fluences ranged from 0 to 25 × 1012 ions/cm2. Consequently, the critical temperature at which skyrmions appear or disappear is shifted by several 1–10 K depending on the ion fluence. The origin of this effect is discussed by observing the ion implantation profile and the surface sputtering depth using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of TOF-SIMS measurements show that most of the Ga atoms exist in the Co–Fe–B layer. If all Ga atoms exist in the Co–Fe–B layer, the Ga concentration is 7 × 10−3 at. % after irradiation of 0.8 × 1012 ions/cm2. The AFM results show a sputtered pattern with 0.2 nm depth after irradiation of 16 × 1012 ions/cm2. Finally, the effect of irradiation on the diffusion coefficient was examined. It was determined that small fluences of 1.6 × 1012 and 0.8 × 1012 ions/cm2 can construct a potential barrier controlling skyrmions while maintaining diffusion coefficients as high as 10 μm2/s. The FIB process can be used to draw a circuit of probabilistic computers with skyrmions as information carriers.
Application of machine-learning algorithms to predict calving difficulty in Holstein dairy cattle
Authors: Avizheh Mahdieh , Dadpasand Mohammad , Dehnavi Elena , Keshavarzi Hamideh
Published: May 2023

Context An ability to predict calving difficulty could help farmers make better farm-management decisions, thereby improving dairy farm profitability and welfare. Aims This study aimed to predict calving difficulty in Iranian dairy herds using machine-learning (ML) algorithms and to evaluate sampling methods to deal with imbalanced datasets. Methods For this purpose, the history records of cows that calved between 2011 and 2021 on two commercial dairy farms were used. Using WEKA software, four commonly used ML algorithms, namely naïve Bayes, random forest, decision trees, and logistic regression, were applied to the dataset. The calving difficulty was considered as a binary trait with 0, normal or unassisted calving, and 1, difficult calving, i.e. receiving any help during parturition from farm personnel involvement to surgical intervention. The average rate of difficult calving was 18.7%, representing an imbalanced dataset. Therefore, down-sampling and cost-sensitive techniques were implemented to tackle this problem. Different models were evaluated on the basis of F-measure and the area under the curve. Key results The results showed that sampling techniques improved the predictive model (P = 0.07, and P = 0.03, for down-sampling and cost-sensitive techniques respectively). F-measure ranged from 0.387 (decision tree) to 0.426 (logistic regression) with the balanced dataset. However, when applied to the original imbalanced dataset, naïve Bayes had the best performance of up to 0.388 in terms of F-measure. Conclusions Overall, sampling techniques improved the prediction model compared with original imbalanced dataset. Although prediction models performed worse than expected (due to an imbalanced dataset, and missing values), the implementation of ML algorithms can still lead to an effective method of predicting calving difficulty. Implications This research indicated the capability of ML algorithms to predict the incidence of calving difficulty within a balanced dataset, but that more explanatory variables (e.g. genetic information) are required to improve the prediction based on an unbalanced original dataset.
COVID-19-related hyperglycemia is associated with infection of hepatocytes and stimulation of gluconeogenesis
Authors: Barreto Ester A. , Cruz Amanda S. , Veras Flavio P. , Martins Ronaldo , Bernardelli Rafaella S. , Paiva Isadora M. , Lima Thais M. , Singh Youvika , Guimarães Raphael C. , Damasceno Samara , Pereira Nayara , Alves João Manoel , Gonçalves Tiago T. , Forato Julia , Muraro Stéfanie P. , Souza Gabriela F. , Batah Sabrina Setembre , Proenca-Modena José L. , Mori Marcelo A. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Cunha Thiago M. , Nakaya Helder I. , Fabro Alexandre , de Oliveira Renê D. R. , Arruda Eurico , Réa Rosângela , Réa Neto Álvaro , Fernandes da Silva Miguel M. , Leiria Luiz Osório
Published: May 2023

Occurrence of hyperglycemia upon infection is associated with worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. However, it is still unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 directly triggers hyperglycemia. Herein, we interrogated whether and how SARS-CoV-2 causes hyperglycemia by infecting hepatocytes and increasing glucose production. We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients that were admitted at a hospital with suspicion of COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the chart records and daily blood glucose values were analyzed to test the hypothesis on whether COVID-19 was independently associated with hyperglycemia. Blood glucose was collected from a subgroup of nondiabetic patients to assess pancreatic hormones.
Postmortem
liver biopsies were collected to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and its transporters in hepatocytes. In human hepatocytes, we studied the mechanistic bases of SARS-CoV-2 entrance and its gluconeogenic effect. SARS-CoV-2 infection was independently associated with hyperglycemia, regardless of diabetic history and beta cell function. We detected replicating viruses in human hepatocytes from
postmortem
liver biopsies and in primary hepatocytes. We found that SARS-CoV-2 variants infected human hepatocytes in vitro with different susceptibility. SARS-CoV-2 infection in hepatocytes yields the release of new infectious viral particles, though not causing cell damage. We showed that infected hepatocytes increase glucose production and this is associated with induction of PEPCK activity. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 entry in hepatocytes occurs partially through ACE2- and GRP78-dependent mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in hepatocytes and exerts a PEPCK-dependent gluconeogenic effect in these cells that potentially is a key cause of hyperglycemia in infected patients.
Engineered molecular sensors for quantifying cell surface crowding
Authors: Takatori Sho C. , Son Sungmin , Lee Daniel S. W. , Fletcher Daniel A.
Published: May 2023

Cells mediate interactions with the extracellular environment through a crowded assembly of transmembrane proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids on their plasma membrane. The extent to which surface crowding modulates the biophysical interactions of ligands, receptors, and other macromolecules is poorly understood due to the lack of methods to quantify surface crowding on native cell membranes. In this work, we demonstrate that physical crowding on reconstituted membranes and live cell surfaces attenuates the effective binding affinity of macromolecules such as IgG antibodies in a surface crowding-dependent manner. We combine experiment and simulation to design a crowding sensor based on this principle that provides a quantitative readout of cell surface crowding. Our measurements reveal that surface crowding decreases IgG antibody binding by 2 to 20 fold in live cells compared to a bare membrane surface. Our sensors show that sialic acid, a negatively charged monosaccharide, contributes disproportionately to red blood cell surface crowding via electrostatic repulsion, despite occupying only ~1% of the total cell membrane by mass. We also observe significant differences in surface crowding for different cell types and find that expression of single oncogenes can both increase and decrease crowding, suggesting that surface crowding may be an indicator of both cell type and state. Our high-throughput, single-cell measurement of cell surface crowding may be combined with functional assays to enable further biophysical dissection of the cell surfaceome.
Photoexcited Ru single-atomic sites for efficient biomimetic redox catalysis
Authors: Xu Weiqing , Zhong Hong , Wu Yu , Qin Ying , Jiao Lei , Sha Meng , Su Rina , Tang Yinjun , Zheng Lirong , Hu Liuyong , Zhang Shipeng , Beckman Scott P. , Gu Wenling , Yang Yong , Guo Shaojun , Zhu Chengzhou
Published: May 2023

The unsatisfactory catalytic activity of nanozymes owing to their inefficient electron transfer (ET) is the major challenge in biomimetic catalysis-related biomedical applications. Inspired by the photoelectron transfers in natural photoenzymes, we herein report a photonanozyme of single-atom Ru anchored on metal–organic frameworks (UiO-67–Ru) for achieving photoenhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity. We demonstrate that the atomically dispersed Ru sites can realize high photoelectric conversion efficiency, superior POD-like activity (7.0-fold photoactivity enhancement relative to that of UiO-67), and good catalytic specificity. Both in situ experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that photoelectrons follow the cofactor-mediated ET process of enzymes to promote the production of active intermediates and the release of products, demonstrating more favorable thermodynamics and kinetics in H
2
O
2
reduction. Taking advantage of the unique interaction of the Zr–O–P bond, we establish a UiO-67–Ru-based immunoassay platform for the photoenhanced detection of organophosphorus pesticides.
Loss of insulin signaling in astrocytes exacerbates Alzheimer-like phenotypes in a 5xFAD mouse model
Authors: Chen Wenqiang , Huang Qian , Lazdon Ekaterina Katie , Gomes Antonio , Wong Marisa , Stephens Emily , Royal Tabitha Grace , Frenkel Dan , Cai Weikang , Kahn C. Ronald
Published: May 2023

Brain insulin signaling controls peripheral energy metabolism and plays a key role in the regulation of mood and cognition. Epidemiological studies have indicated a strong connection between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), linked via dysregulation of insulin signaling, i.e., insulin resistance. While most studies have focused on neurons, here, we aim to understand the role of insulin signaling in astrocytes, a glial cell type highly implicated in AD pathology and AD progression. To this end, we created a mouse model by crossing 5xFAD transgenic mice, a well-recognized AD mouse model that expresses five familial AD mutations, with mice carrying a selective, inducible insulin receptor (IR) knockout in astrocytes (iGIRKO). We show that by age 6 mo, iGIRKO/5xFAD mice exhibited greater alterations in nesting, Y-maze performance, and fear response than those of mice with the 5xFAD transgenes alone. This was associated with increased Tau (T231) phosphorylation, increased Aβ plaque size, and increased association of astrocytes with plaques in the cerebral cortex as assessed using tissue CLARITY of the brain in the iGIRKO/5xFAD mice. Mechanistically, in vitro knockout of IR in primary astrocytes resulted in loss of insulin signaling, reduced ATP production and glycolic capacity, and impaired Aβ uptake both in the basal and insulin-stimulated states. Thus, insulin signaling in astrocytes plays an important role in the control of Aβ uptake, thereby contributing to AD pathology, and highlighting the potential importance of targeting insulin signaling in astrocytes as a site for therapeutics for patients with T2D and AD.
vPIF-1 is an insulin-like antiferroptotic viral peptide
Authors: Belavgeni Alexia , Maremonti Francesca , Tonnus Wulf , Stadtmüller Marlena , Gavali Shubhangi , Mallais Melodie , Flade Karolin , Brucker Anne , Becker Jorunn Naila , Beer Kristina , Tmava Mirela , Stumpf Julian , Gembardt Florian , Hugo Christian , Giacca Mauro , Hale Benjamin G. , Perakakis Nikolaos , Sha Wei , Pratt Derek A. , Schally Andrew V. , Bornstein Stefan R. , Linkermann Andreas
Published: May 2023

Iridoviridae, such as the lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV-1) and other viruses, encode viral insulin–like peptides (VILPs) which are capable of triggering insulin receptors (IRs) and insulin-like growth factor receptors. The homology of VILPs includes highly conserved disulfide bridges. However, the binding affinities to IRs were reported to be 200- to 500-fold less effective compared to the endogenous ligands. We therefore speculated that these peptides also have noninsulin functions. Here, we report that the LCDV-1 VILP can function as a potent and highly specific inhibitor of ferroptosis. Induction of cell death by the ferroptosis inducers erastin, RSL3, FIN56, and FINO2 and nonferroptotic necrosis produced by the thioredoxin-reductase inhibitor ferroptocide were potently prevented by LCDV-1, while human insulin had no effect. Fas-induced apoptosis, necroptosis, mitotane-induced cell death and growth hormone–releasing hormone antagonist–induced necrosis were unaffected, suggesting the specificity to ferroptosis inhibition by the LCDV-1 VILP. Mechanistically, we identified the viral C-peptide to be required for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis inhibition, while the human C-peptide exhibited no antiferroptotic properties. In addition, the deletion of the viral C-peptide abolishes radical trapping activity in cell-free systems. We conclude that iridoviridae, through the expression of insulin-like viral peptides, are capable of preventing ferroptosis. In analogy to the viral mitochondrial inhibitor of apoptosis and the viral inhibitor of RIP activation (vIRA) that prevents necroptosis, we rename the LCDV-1 VILP a viral peptide inhibitor of ferroptosis-1. Finally, our findings indicate that ferroptosis may function as a viral defense mechanism in lower organisms.
Experimental observation of curved light-cones in a quantum field simulator
Authors: Tajik Mohammadamin , Gluza Marek , Sebe Nicolas , Schüttelkopf Philipp , Cataldini Federica , Sabino João , Møller Frederik , Ji Si-Cong , Erne Sebastian , Guarnieri Giacomo , Sotiriadis Spyros , Eisert Jens , Schmiedmayer Jörg
Published: May 2023

We investigate signal propagation in a quantum field simulator of the Klein–Gordon model realized by two strongly coupled parallel one-dimensional quasi-condensates. By measuring local phononic fields after a quench, we observe the propagation of correlations along sharp light-cone fronts. If the local atomic density is inhomogeneous, these propagation fronts are curved. For sharp edges, the propagation fronts are reflected at the system’s boundaries. By extracting the space-dependent variation of the front velocity from the data, we find agreement with theoretical predictions based on curved geodesics of an inhomogeneous metric. This work extends the range of quantum simulations of nonequilibrium field dynamics in general space–time metrics.
Words with borders
Authors: Sayaheen Bilal , Darwish Ibrahim
Published: May 2023

This study aims at investigating the phenomenon of censoring and withholding translated books in Jordan. The source of data is a list of all banned translated books at Yarmouk University Library in Jordan (n = 60). The list was first analyzed and classified thematically. Qualitative data were obtained via semi-structured interviews with the librarians. When available, reference was made to the paratextual material of the withheld translated books. Moreover, the official website of the Jordan Media Commission was consulted to identify the factors that may contribute to censoring and blocking translated works in Jordan. The results show that librarians ban books for various religious, moral, social, political, and ideological reasons. Furthermore, it was revealed that censorship in Jordan is subjectively conducted and does not follow clear-cut rules and regulations. Finally, using paratextual elements in investigating the motives for censoring books proved to be an effective method.
Definite reference and discourse prominence in Longxi Qiang
Authors: Zheng Wuxi
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on the uses of the definite marker -tì in Longxi Qiang, a Tibeto-Burman language. Although the selection of referring expressions made by speakers is based on referent accessibility or cognitive status, at the same time, referring expressions have pragmatic and interactive dimensions. The concept of identifiability can account for the uses of the definite marker -tì; however, this concept is not sufficient to explain the selection of -tì in certain discourse contexts. Accordingly, this paper discusses the discourse uses of non-referential definite noun phrases. In addition to encoding definiteness, -tì serves as a prominence marker to trigger the interpretation that an entity, an action or a property is prominent, and the speaker intended to highlight the topicality. With respect to discourse functions, -tì is attached not only to noun phrases but also to verb and adjective phrases, fillers and connectors. These uses of -tì have been expanded into Wenchuan Mandarin.
Effect of vacancy defect and strain on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of carbon nitride 2D monolayers by DFTB method
Authors: Sakhraoui Taoufik
Published: May 2023

We investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of C

n

N

m

(C6N6, C2N, C3N and C3N4) using density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. We find that these compounds are dynamically stable and their electronic band gaps are in the range of 0.59–3.28 eV. We show that the electronic structure is modulated by strain and the semiconducting behavior is well preserved except for C3N at +5% biaxial strain, where a transition from semiconductor to metal was observed. Under +3% biaxial strain, C3N4 undergoes a transition from an indirect (K-Γ) to a direct (Γ-Γ) band gap. Moreover, band gap of C2N transforms from direct (Γ-Γ) to indirect (M-Γ) under +4% biaxial strain. However, no change in the nature of the band gap of C6N6. Further, when the studied materials under uniaxial tensile strain, their bandgaps reduce. Our theoretical study showed that an indirect-to-direct nature transition may occur for C6N6 and for C3N4, which broadens their applications. On the other hand, magnetism is observed in all N-vacancy defected C

n

N

m

, which encourages its application in spintronic. Moreover, calculations of formation energies indicate that N-vacancy is energetically more favorable than C-vacancy in both C2N and C3N4. Opposite behavior found for C6N6 and C3N.
MHD mode tracking using high-speed cameras and deep learning
Authors: Wei Y , Levesque J P , Hansen C , Mauel M E , Navratil G A
Published: May 2023

We present a new algorithm to track the amplitude and phase of rotating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes in tokamak plasmas using high speed imaging cameras and deep learning. This algorithm uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the amplitudes of the n = 1 sine and cosine mode components using solely optical measurements from one or more cameras. The model was trained and tested on an experimental dataset consisting of camera frame images and magnetic-based mode measurements from the High Beta Tokamak - Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) device, and it outperformed other, more conventional, algorithms using identical image inputs. The effect of different input data streams on the accuracy of the model’s predictions is also explored, including using a temporal frame stack or images from two cameras viewing different toroidal regions.
Micro-Raman analysis of HVPE grown etched GaN epilayer with porous formation
Authors: Posha Atheek , Padmanabhan Puviarasu , Basha S Munawar
Published: May 2023

The GaN epilayer grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy was wet etched by phosphoric acid as the etchant. X-ray diffraction confirms that the GaN has a wurtzite structure. Scanning electron microscopy shows various sizes of hexagonal pits for different times of etchant reactions. Atomic force microscopy shows increase in surface roughness with different etchant rate. The photoluminescence gives a 3.4 eV luminescence for the pristine GaN epilayer. In the etched films, the deep-level defect belonging to yellow and green luminescence was found. The deconvoluted Ga 3d peaks of etched samples show Ga-rich epilayers. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive method for measuring carrier concentration, phonon lifetime and strain using A
1
(LO) spectra of Raman vibration mode was utilized via the Lorentz fitting method. The carrier concentration increases while the phonon lifetime decreases with etching rate. Overall, in the 9 min reaction, the epilayer was etched heavily with a perfect hexagonal etch pit structure.
A mechanical-free designing method for tailoring nonlinearity in bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Su Xukun , Leng Yonggang , Xu Junjie , Chen Xiaoyu , Sun Shuailing , Fan Shengbo
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a mechanical-free method for providing and tailoring the nonlinear force in bistable piezoelectric energy harvesters (BPEHs). The nonlinear force can be tailored to obtain a lower threshold for inter-well motions, or for the harvester to operate at various excitation levels and frequencies without changing the mechanical structure or the overall assembly. In BPEHs, the nonlinear force is tailored to match a specific excitation level and frequency, and the mechanical structure is designed to achieve higher strain (and thus higher output power). The design of nonlinearity can be separated from the design of the mechanical structure by using magnetic interactions. Hence, the design of nonlinearity is the arrangement of the external magnetic field of the harvester. In this paper, arranging the external magnetic field is achieved by arranging the magnetization distribution of one external magnet. With the locally demagnetizing technique, a uniformly magnetized permanent magnet can be locally demagnetized with desired patterns. The external magnetic field is provided by a locally demagnetized permanent magnet (LDPM). The nonlinear force can be tailored by simply altering the properties of the LDPM. This method converts the design of providing and tailoring the nonlinear force into the design of the LDPMs. For demonstration, we show that without increasing the distance between magnets, the potential barrier of the bistable system is dramatically reduced by using LDPMs. Melnikov’s method is utilized to show that the energy harvesters with LDPMs possess a lower threshold for homoclinic tangency than energy harvesters with a normal magnet. The influence of the parameters of the LDPMs on the energy harvesting performance is studied via simulations and experiments. Results show that without violating the mechanical part, changing the locally demagnetizing patterns can effectively change the harvester’s working frequency and excitation threshold.
Evaluation of Coronal and Interplanetary Magnetic Field Extrapolation Using PSP Solar Wind Observation
Authors: Song Yue-Chun
Published: May 2023

Using solar wind observation near PSP perihelions as constraints, we have investigated the parameters in various PFSS model methods. It is found that the interplanetary magnetic field extrapolation with source surface height R
SS = 2 Rs is better than that with R
SS = 2.5 Rs. HMI and GONG magnetograms show similar performances in the simulation of magnetic field variation, but the former appears to have a slight advantage in reconstruction of intensity while the latter is more adaptable to sparser grids. The finite-difference method of constructing eigenvalue problems for potential fields can achieve similar accuracy as the analytic method and greatly improve the computational efficiency. MHD modeling performs relatively less well in magnetic field prediction, but it is able to provide rich information about solar-terrestrial space.
First Detailed Photometric Investigation on the Nature of Contact Binary System AA Cet
Authors: Yıldırım M. F. , Soydugan F.
Published: May 2023

The TESS light curve (LC) of the marginal contact binary AA Cet was analyzed simultaneously with the radial velocity and the orbital period (OP) change of the system was investigated. The physical parameters of the system were obtained by analyzing the LC of AA Cet with the Wilson-Devinney method, and the absolute parameters of the components were calculated using the results obtained. For the components of AA Cet, the masses and radii were calculated as M
1 = 1.39 ± 0.04 M
⊙, M
2 = 0.48 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and R
1 = 1.64 ± 0.03 R
⊙, R
2 = 1.01 ± 0.04 R
⊙, respectively. AA Cet is a marginal contact binary with a temperature difference of 1305 K between its components. A total of 14 eclipse times were obtained from the TESS data and used in the OP analysis together with those collected from the literature. It has been observed that the change in the OP of AA Cet is in the form of a decreasing parabola. Conservative mass transfer between the components has been interpreted as the reason for this change. The OP decrease amount of AA Cet was obtained as dP/dt = 0.0062 ± 0.0006 s yr−1, and the reason for this decrease was attributed to a 3.3(9) × 10−8
M
⊙ mass transfer per year from the more massive component to the less massive one. The age of AA Cet has been estimated as 7 Gyr, as the age of contact systems helps us to understand their evolution.
Variable Star Detection in the Field of Open Cluster NGC 188
Authors: Song Fang-Fang , Niu Hu-Biao , Esamdin Ali , Zhang Yu , Zeng Xiang-Yun
Published: May 2023

This work presents the charge-coupled device (CCD) photometric survey of the old open cluster NGC 188. Time-series V-band photometric observations were conducted for ten nights in 2017 January using the Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope to search for variable stars in the field of the cluster. A total of 25 variable stars, including one new variable star, were detected in the target field. Among the detected variables, 16 are cluster member stars, and the others are identified as field stars. The periods, radial velocities, effective temperatures, and classifications of the detected variables are discussed in this work. Most of the stars’ effective temperatures are between 4200 and 6600 K, indicating their spectral types are G or K. The newly discovered variable is probably a W UMa system. In this study, a known cluster variable star (V21=V0769 Cep) is classified as an EA-type variable star based on the presence of an 0.5 mag eclipse in its light curve.
Unveiling the Initial Conditions of Open Star Cluster Formation
Authors: Hao C. J. , Xu Y. , Hou L. G. , Lin Z. H. , Li Y. J.
Published: May 2023

Open clusters (OCs) are infrequent survivors of embedded clusters gestated in molecular clouds. Up to now, little is known about the initial conditions for the formation of OCs. Here, we studied this issue using high-precision astrometric parameters provided by Gaia data release 3. The statistics show that the peculiar motion velocities of OCs vary slightly from infancy to old age, providing a remarkable opportunity to use OCs to trace their progenitors. Adopting a dynamical method, we derived the masses of the progenitor clumps where OCs were born, which have statistical characteristics comparable to previously known results for clumps observed in the Galaxy. Moreover, the masses of the progenitor clumps of OCs indicate they should be capable of gestating massive O-type stars. In fact, after inspecting the observed OCs and O-type stars, we found that there are many O-type stars in OCs. The destructive stellar feedback from O-type stars may disintegrate the vast majority of embedded clusters, and only those sufficiently dense ones can survive as OCs.
Architectural Shape Optimization of Moving Dam on Rain River Downstream: An Ecosystem Cyclic Intervention
Authors: Samodra F X T B , Krisdianto J , Gunawan F C R , Alifianto H
Published: May 2023

Naturally, the downstream of the rain river experiences periodic floods and droughts. This process is beneficial for the distribution of dissolved nutrients and minerals. Moving dams or barrages are generally built to minimize disasters. Even though they can control floods and droughts, the existence of dams adds new problems to the ecosystem. The barrage limits the natural flooding process, resulting in an imbalance in the river ecosystem. This imbalance harms ecosystems, impacting humans who depend on rivers for water sources and livelihoods. From these problems, the proposed design concept of a sustainable architectural dam through consideration of the design of the form, facade, aesthetics and the balance of the river ecosystem and humans on the Sembayat Barrage of Bengawan Solo River, Gresik Regency, Indonesia, as moving dam case. This concept collaborates the principles of architectural ecology and architectural biomimicry to produce a dam design that is friendly to the river ecosystem, including humans. In making it happen, Ansys tools are used to detect potential wind movement, and Fusion is used to maximize the structure with shape optimization. The design results obtained are in the form of a redesign of the dam by maximizing the downstream potential of the river while paying attention to the downstream river ecosystem through an architectural approach.
Pre-evaluation and visual simulation of energy consumption influencing factors of smart and healthy architecture in the design stage
Authors: Teng Xiao , Shen Zhenjiang , Xixi Wei , Tri Nguyen
Published: May 2023

This research aims to carry out energy simulation of various setting factors of office space in smart and healthy architecture in the design stage. First, we established an office model based on Japanese architecture energy efficiency standards; then, we simulated the energy consumption process by setting reasonable factor parameters by utilising Openstudio; finally, the main factors contribute to energy consumption level of the office space and its energy saving potential were explored. Taking Hokkaido, Japan, as an example, by simulating the three major factors of smart and healthy architecture: smart devices, architecture materials, and human behaviour schedule, the effect of energy saving is calculated in the architectural design stage.
Energy Efficient Features of Vernacular Houses in Tropical Hilly Area of Indonesia
Authors: Fitriaty P , Zubaidi F , Masiming Z , Bassaleng A J R , Burhany N R , Syahrullah M R , Alfani
Published: May 2023

Energy efficient building is one of the alternative solutions to overcome the rapidly increasing use of energy consumption by the building sector. Traditional or vernacular houses rarely use mechanical means to create a comfortable living environment. Thus, the electrical energy consumed by traditional or vernacular houses was relatively low. It is believed that energy efficient features can be found in vernacular houses. Thence, this study explores the energy efficient features of vernacular houses, with a case study in the hilly area of the tropics, Palu-Indonesia. Field studies were conducted. Six vernacular houses were chosen purposively as the study samples based on building orientation, building form, roof form, wall construction, and type of opening. HOBO H21 and U12-012 were utilised to measure the internal and external air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, wind speed and wind direction. The study result indicates that the sample houses’ thermal condition was slightly better than the external thermal condition. Sample 1 can modify the external air temperature up to 42.8 K during the daytime. The light condition, in contrast, showed poor performance. Thus, more transparent material with proper shading was needed to succeed daylighting in the buildings’ interior. Several energy efficient features of vernacular houses found in the samples are as follows: shallow building plan elongated to East – West, building geometry, resistive building materials, the use of ceilings, and side-hung or jalousie type of windows with an adequate size of the effective opening for ventilation and lighting.
The Properties of Liquefiable Soil with Swedish Weight Sounding Test in BPTB (Agricultural Technology Research and Development Center) Office, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Setiawan H , Jureje U
Published: May 2023

An earthquake measuring 7.4 MW in Central Sulawesi on 28th of September 2018, triggered liquefaction in several locations, one of them namely the BPTP office in Sigi district. The liquefaction that occurs causes massive sand boiling around the building, and a settlement in the foundation. This study aims to determine and compare the properties of land affected and not affected by liquefaction based on the Swedish weight sounding test, as well as the potential for liquefaction at the BPTP office location. The study consisted of 2 testing methods, namely field testing was carried out using the Swedish weight sounding test equipment at 3 points on the affected soil and 3 points on the unaffected soil, and laboratory testing including sieve analysis testing and Atterberg limits for 18 soil samples. The results showed that the Nsw value on the affected soil is in the range 4.00 n/m - 238.10 n/m, the Nsw value on the unaffected soil is in the range 26.00 n/m - 303.03 n/m, and groundwater level data obtained from the JICA Survey for Disaster Information Collection in Indonesia 2020 is at a depth of 5.31 meters below ground surface. The first section in your paper
Geological Structure Control of The Distribution Quartz Vein as Mineralization Pathway In Kawatuna Area, Palu City Indonesia
Authors: Assidiqi M , Asrafil  , Puspita R , Mukaddas A
Published: May 2023

The Kawatuna area has a complex geological structure condition and is estimated to be a weak zone for hydrothermal solutions to rise and then accumulate into deposits in the form of veins. Based on this, it makes this area interesting to study. This study aims to determine the condition of the geological structure and its influence on the condition of the distribution of veins in the study area. The method used is surface geological mapping and geological structures analysis. Based on surface geological mapping, it was found that the study area was composed of schist rock units, gneiss, granodiorite, and molasses units. The geological structure that developed in the study area consisted of shear joints in the form of systematic and non-systematic shear joints and shear faults. The distribution of quartz veins in the study area has a general direction of northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest. The presence of mineralization in the form of quartz veins in the study area is strongly controlled by the presence of geological structures that form an oblique convergence fault model that shows a dilatational movement force. The deposit opening system formed in the study area is a jog deposit system in which pull-apart basin fracture arrays develop which are characterized by the presence of tension fractures/veins.
Water absorption of ambient-cured geopolymer concrete
Authors: Adam Andi Arham , Deviana Lilis , Siregar Atur PN , Mustofa
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the activator-binder ratio on the water absorption of ambient-cured geopolymer concrete. Class F fly ash from Mpanau power plant was used as precursor. This raw material was activated by a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution, with an activator-binder ratio of 0,45; 0,50; 0,55; 0,60. Five percent replacement of fly ash by slaked lime was added to achieve ambient curing. The test specimen for the absorption test is made in the form of a cylinder with a size of 100 mm dia x 100 mm height. The absorption test used ASTM C642-06, and the test was conducted at the age of 28 days. The test results show that the geopolymer concrete with the largest activator/binder ratio has the lowest absorption, and volume permeable of voids. In this research, it was found that for the geopolymer concrete, activator-binder ratio of 0.60 has the lowest absorption and volume of permeable voids but gave the highest compressive strength. In addition, the test results show that normal concrete has the highest absorption and volume permeable of voids compared to the geopolymer concrete
Using Space-L complex network model for public transportation supply and demand analysis in Taipei metropolitan area
Authors: Wang Junye , Pai Shin-En , Pai Jen-Te
Published: May 2023

As an important means of transportation in modern cities, public transportation plays an important role in people’s travel and the economic development of urban areas Harvey 1971 [1]. Many researchers apply the complex network theory to urban public transport network, construct complex networks and view the operation of urban public transport from the perspective of complex networks. The study established a complex network model of BUS, MRT (metro), LRT (light rail) and Multi-vehicle. And based on the weighted analysis of the actual passenger traffic, the weighted complex network model which conforms to the actual travel characteristics is obtained, and the relationship between the public transport station and the surrounding land use in Taipei metropolitan area is discussed.
Study Of Sustainable Palu-Koro Geotourism In The Palu Valley
Authors: Rizkhi  , Mulyati Sri , Takwim Supriadi , Kurniawan M.
Published: May 2023

To enrich the principle of sustainability through the development of the geographical character of the area along the Palu-Koro Fault as a tourism destination, conservation activities, education, and improvement of the local economy are carried out while still maintaining the carrying capacity of the environment. This study explores the peculiarities of geology, beauty and environmental diversity as potential heritage of Palu-Koro geotourism, so that it is feasible to develop sustainable geotourism in the Palu valley. An exploratory descriptive approach is used to find the formulation of area management from the potential of heritage and geological sites, the need for tourism components, and tourism products. The components studied include Geology and Sustainability. The results show that the condition of the geological sites formed after the 7.4 Richter Scale tectonic earthquake activity is mostly still natural and has not been managed properly. After four years of the disaster, the condition of the Petobo liquefaction area, the post-tsunami coastline, and the Diponegoro fault are all filled with shrubs and liquefaction and tsunami soil deposits, while building fossils still exist.. Therefore, a study is needed that pays attention to the location of the site and post-disaster spatial directions in the Disaster-Prone Zone.
Time Series Modeling on Daily Streamflow in a Lack-Data Catchment
Authors: Tunas I G , Herman R. , Arafat Y.
Published: May 2023

The limited time series data for daily discharge to support the development and management of water resources in a catchment is a classic challenge in hydrology. Various methods, both empirically and conceptually based, have been developed to overcome this problem. This paper presents a time series modeling of daily discharge in relation to the scarcity of discharge data in Sausu Catchment, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The simulation has been assigned to the HEC-HMS Model with the input of daily rainfall data for the period 2018-2020 and potential evapotranspiration data. Before this stage is executed, optimization has been performed to determine 17 optimal parameters representing three methods in three sub-models with input data pairs ranfall-discharge in November 2017. Optimal parameters have been achieved at RMSE 10.3, with 2 parameters unchanged. The simulation results indicate that the daily flow of the Sausu River based on daily rainfall data for three years varies in the range of 8 m3/s to 160 m3/s. This trend of time series data flow tends to be associated with daily rainfall data as input.
Geology and Groundwater Quality Analysis for Clean Water and Irrigation of Sanga-sanga District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Nugrah Nurhasimah , Syam M A , Heriyanto
Published: May 2023

The research locations are in two sub-districts, namely Sanga-Sanga District, Samarinda City and Palaran District, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan Province The research method used in this study is geological mapping, then laboratory analysis. The well water sample data used is 2 sample water which is considered to represent the research area. Geological conditions in the study area there are 3 rock units where the rock units of the oldest are the Sanga-sanga sandstone unit, the Bantuas sandstone unit and alluvial deposits. For geomorphological units, it is divided into 6 forms, namely the eroded hill unit, the remaining hill, the Alluvial Plain, swamp, river body, disposal and mine opening. Based on the results of the piper diagram analysis Groundwater is included in the type of magnesium bicarbonate with carbonate hardness (secondary alkalinity) > 50% groundwater is dominated by alkaline soil (Ca + Mg) and weak acids (CO3 + HCO3), and based on the results of the stiff diagram analysis, the research area is included in the type of calcium carbonate (CaHCO3) and Magnesium Carbonate (MgHCO3). The assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes concluded that the analyzed sample could be used as irrigation water.
The flexural strength of green foamed concrete with polypropylene fiber
Authors: Qubro K Al , Saggaff A , Saloma
Published: May 2023

Green concrete is made from eco-friendly waste materials. It reduces CO2 emissions and reduces water use. Normal concrete contributes about 40-50% of carbon in the air due to its production, impacting climate change. The waste material from coal combustion, like fly ash used as an additive to replace some cement in the concrete mixture. Foamed concrete is considered concrete with an eco-friendly material because it uses less aggregate and reduces water use. Concrete is weak to tensile forces; adding Fly ash can reduce pores allowing acidic substances to enter. Adding polypropylene fiber to prevent cracking makes foamed concrete more ductile. Green expanded concrete contains 0.8% foaming agent, with polypropylene fiber (PPF) variants of 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 25% fly ash as a cement alternative. The findings of the flexural strength test demonstrate that fibers added to green foam concrete boost its flexural strength. Green foam containing polypropylene fibers produces a maximum flexural strength of 0.3% higher than green foam concrete without fibers.
Evaluation of seismic vulnerability assessment building using rapid visual screening method: case study at the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business of Islamic State Prof. KH. Saifuddin Zuhri University
Authors: Pramesti M S H , Widyaningrum A , Hermanto N I S
Published: May 2023

Indonesia is one of the nations that is more prone to earthquakes due to its location at the intersection of the Indo-Australian, Eurasian, and Pacific plates. This study aims to find out the vulnerability and final score of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business of Islamic State Prof. KH. Saifuddin Zuhri University used the RVS method based on FEMA P-154, where this method is one of the earliest methods used to evaluate the vulnerability of a building, and has a final value limit of 2. If the final score is more than 2, then the building under review has a low vulnerability to earthquakes and vice versa. This building is one of the mid-rise buildings in Purwokerto which was established in 2019. Based on RVS analysis, the final score was 3.6 for the category of concrete moment-resisting frames (C1) and 1.4 for the category of concrete frames with unreinforced masonry infill walls (C3). Thus, the results showed this 6-story building has a vulnerability to earthquakes with a high category of a high probability of damage to level 3 and a very high probability of level 2 damage.