The behavior of some autumn tritical genotypes to biotic stress in vitro
Authors: Saşco Elena , Lyatamborg S. 
Published: November 2024

The given research presents the response of some callus characters of mature embryos of the Costel, Ingen 54, L 161 and Haiduc triticale genotypes to the culture ﬁltrates of Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sorokiniana and Fusarium solani, administered in the Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium. The reaction was diﬀerentiated by both triticale genotype and fungal strains. In relation to the witness variant, the variability of the investigated indices showed re-sistance (R), medium resistance (MR) and only medium sensitivity (MS) for the callus surface in the Costel genotype. Through the cluster analysis (k-means) of the integral response to fungal metabolites, the high degree of similarity of the genotypes Ingen 54 and L 161 was established, located at Euclidean distances of 19.9 and 29.9 from other 2 genotypes. The genotypes Ingen 54 and L 161 showed values of the callus biomass index at the level of the witness variant, but also high yields in the vegetation conditions of 2022. Purpose. In conjunction with the genetic progress achieved in the last decades, the triti-cale species (x Triticosecale Wittm.) has become an advantageous crop. The high production of plant biomass, but also of grains in a high diversity of pedoclimatic conditions is derived from the high rate of carbon assimilation due to the physiology of the stomata, but also from the low rate of respiration. As a potential genetic source for breeding winter cereals, triticale presents a high genetic diversity of resistance to abiotic stress, a diversity that has not yet been fully ex-plored [2]. Limin A. and Fowler D. (1984) concluded that low temperature resistance of triticale is eﬀectively inherited from rye and modulated by cytoplasmic factors. The expansion of the worldwide growing area has exposed triticale to a high variety of interrelationships of biotic and abiotic stress environments. Resistance to fungal diseases is being considered the most important and sustainable advantage of the culture. The resistance of triticale to fungal pathogens is attributed to the phenomenon of genetic protection from rye and wheat. However, it is evident that triticales have incorporated more susceptibility to wheat pathogens. Thus, ﬁlamentous fungi of the species Alternaria, Drechslera, and Fusarium show increased noxiousness in the agrocenosis of triticale, especially under conditions of climate change [1, 4]. Research on the response of immature embryos in vitro revealed the important role of the genotypic potential in the callus ability on media with Fusarium metabolites, though a better diﬀerentiation of the resistance of triticale genotypes to the action of fusaric acid [3]. Predictions associated with global climate change imply a large-scale redistribution of pathogens associated with the fungal agent complex in cereal agroecosystems worldwide. The inception of the sources of sustainable resistance is the most advantageous and ecological way to protect both triticale and common wheat from fungal diseases. The objective of this study is to estimate genetic variability for callus characters of mature embryos in response to fungal metabolites and identify sources of resistance to autumn triticale.