bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da estrutura das farmácias das Unidades de Saúde da Família para o atendimento aos portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus em Pernambuco
Authors: Costa Juliana Martins Barbosa da Silva , Barreto Maria Nelly Sobreira de Carvalho , Gomes Mariana Farias , Fontbonne Annick , Cesse Eduarda Ângela Pessoa
Published: December 2020

Resumo Introdução A hipertensão arterial e o diabetes mellitus são enfermidades crônicas que necessitam de cuidados contínuos e uso adequado de medicamentos para seu efetivo controle. A estrutura existente nas farmácias influencia no acesso, dispensação e armazenamento dos medicamentos e interfere na qualidade final da atenção. Objetivo Avaliar a estrutura das farmácias das Unidades de Saúde da Família no cuidado à hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus em Pernambuco, 2016. Método Estudo avaliativo do componente estrutura do modelo proposto por Donabedian. Entrevistou-se o responsável pela farmácia de uma amostra probabilística das equipes de saúde da família com questões sobre estrutura física, insumos e recursos humanos. Realizaram-se análises descritiva e de associação para verificar diferenças entre capital e interior. Resultados Mais de 90% das farmácias funcionavam nos turnos de manhã e tarde. Apenas 5,7% na capital e 2,7% no interior possuíam farmacêutico como responsável pelo serviço; essa atividade era desempenhada por outros profissionais, a maioria de nível médio e sem capacitação. A capital possuía maior variedade de medicamentos, contudo eles não eram suficientes para a demanda. Conclusão Identificaram-se problemas na estrutura das farmácias, principalmente na capacitação de recursos humanos e disponibilidade de insumos com poucas diferenças entre capital e interior.
Fatores que implicam no processo do contato precoce e aleitamento materno na sala de parto
Authors: Silva Monise Martins da , Pereira Sandra de Souza , Gomes-Sponholz Flávia Azevedo , Monteiro Juliana Cristina dos Santos
Published: December 2020

Resumo Introdução para a promoção, proteção e apoio à amamentação, as instituições que aderem à Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança (IHAC) adotam os chamados “Dez passos para o sucesso do aleitamento materno”. O quarto passo da IHAC consiste em ajudar as mães a iniciar o aleitamento materno, na primeira meia hora após o nascimento, ainda na sala de parto. Objetivo identificar os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores para a realização do contato precoce e da amamentação, na primeira meia hora após o parto, pelos profissionais de saúde, considerando o contexto institucional. Método estudo qualitativo envolvendo 21 profissionais de saúde de uma maternidade pública, analisados através do método de interpretação de sentidos. Resultados As contribuições da mulher no contato precoce e aleitamento materno na visão dos profissionais de saúde estão ligadas ao desejo e aceitação, por outro lado, a passividade delas, o ambiente de vivência familiar, mitos, tabus, fatores socioeconômicos e culturais foram identificados como dificultadores. Entre as estratégias para a melhoria do contato precoce e do aleitamento materno na sala de parto, os participantes identificaram fatores facilitadores como assistência humanizada, orientações durante o pré-natal, parto sem complicações; e fatores dificultadores como complicações no parto, a ausência de acompanhantes e o parto cesáreo. Conclusão As questões apresentadas acima estão diretamente relacionadas ao modelo assistencial seguido pelos participantes, que se manifestaram claramente durante as observações e as entrevistas.
Analytical methods for assessing changes induced by gamma exposure in an animal model
Authors: Mingote Matheus F. Soares , Campos Tarcísio P.R. , Augusti Rodinei , Cassali Geovanni D.
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Ionizing radiation can cause radio-induced changes in the cellular metabolome due to the breakdown of DNA bonds. Our goal was to find the early tissue response to radiation exposure supported by distinct analytical methods. METHODS: Histological analyses were performed on the organs extracted from rats to search for microscopic changes. The histological slides stained with hematoxyline-eosin (HE) were analyzed in magnification (40x). Subsequently, the tissues were subjected to mass spectrometry that allowed molecular analysis and DESI-MSI that generated the molecular image of lipids, assessing changes in intensities, especially in the brain. RESULTS: The histological analysis found nonspecific inflammatory changes; no areas of fibrosis, necrosis, or apoptosis were identified, suggesting non-morphological tissue alterations. However, the DESI-MSI images of brain lipids allowed the observation of many radio-induced changes in the lipid's intensities. CONCLUSIONS: No early radio induced histological or mass weight changes in the radiation exposed rats could be observed at 5 Gy. However, early changes in the molecular level were observed in the DESI-MSI images of the brain lipids. The DESI-MSI method proved to be efficient and relevant, allowing a regional molecular analysis of the tissues, expanding a new field of study that is still in its infancy: radiometabolomics.
Comparative evaluation of memory T cells in COVID-19 patients and the predictive role of CD4+CD8+ double positive T lymphocytes as a new marker
Authors: Kalpakci Yasin , Hacibekiroglu Tuba , Trak Gulay , Karacaer Cengiz , Demirci Taner , Kocayigit Havva , Sunu Cenk , Varim Ceyhun , Falay Mesude
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world, posing a serious threat to human health. T cells play a critical role in the cellular immune response against viral infections. We aimed to reveal the relationship between T cell subsets and disease severity. METHODS: 40 COVID-19 patients were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study. All cases were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Patients were divided into two equivalent groups, one severe and one nonsevere. Clinical, laboratory and flow cytometric data were obtained from both clinical groups and compared. RESULTS: Lymphocyte subsets, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, memory CD4+ T cells, memory CD8+ T cells, naive CD4+ T cells, effector memory CD4+ T cells, central memory CD4+ T cells, and CD3+CD4+ CD25+ T cells were significantly lower in severe patients. The naive T cell/CD4 + EM T cell ratio, which is an indicator of the differentiation from naive T cells to memory cells, was relatively reduced in severe disease. Peripheral CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells were notably lower in severe presentations of the disease (median DP T cells 11.12 µL vs 1.95 µL; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As disease severity increases in COVID-19 infection, the number of T cell subsets decreases significantly. Suppression of differentiation from naive T cells to effector memory T cells is the result of severe impairment in adaptive immune functions. Peripheral CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells were significantly reduced in severe disease presentations and may be a useful marker to predict disease severity.
Femoral fractures in the elderly in Brasil - incidence, lethality, and costs (2008-2018)
Authors: Vasconcelos Paula Antas Barbosa de , Rocha Anderson de Jesus , Fonseca Rodrigo Jorge de Souza , Teixeira Thiago Rhangel Gomes , Mattos Enilton de Santana Ribeiro , Guedes Alex
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence by gender and region, lethality, and costs associated with the treatment of femoral fractures in the elderly (≥ 60 years) hospitalized in the Unified Health System (SUS) of Brasil between 2008 and 2018. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study of hospitalizations of elderly people due to femoral fractures by analyzing secondary data obtained from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) between 2008 and 2018; for calculation of epidemiological coefficients, we used information from demographic censuses (2000 and 2010) of the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE). RESULTS: A total of 478,274 hospitalizations were recorded in the period; the incidence was 1.7 times higher in females (overall average of 274.91/100,000 for women and 161/100,000 for men). The Southeast region had the highest absolute number of hospitalizations and the South region presented the highest annual overall average incidence (224.02/100,000). The average annual cost for SUS for the treatment of femoral fractures in the elderly was R$ 99,718,574.30. CONCLUSIONS: In the evaluated period (2008-2018), femoral fractures in the elderly had a high incidence (478,274 hospitalizations; 224.02 cases/100,000 elderly), a predominance of females (1.7F/1.0M), a higher absolute number of hospitalizations in the Southeast region and a higher incidence in the South region; the lethality was high (an increase of 17.46%; overall mean coefficient of 4.99%/year); and the costs for the SUS were huge (an increase of 126.24%; average annual expenditure of R$ 99,718,574.30).
Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastric content and volume: a systematic review
Authors: Rocha César Antonio Tavares da , Kamada Lia Mayumi Kubota , Andrade Filho Pedro Hilton de , Villaverde Isabela Araujo , Shiro Jacqueline Yamahata Barbosa , Silva Junior João Manoel da
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Bronchoaspiration of gastric content is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but evaluating this complication is a difficult task. However, gastric ultrasonography can safely assess gastric content and prevent bronchoaspiration. Therefore, a systematic review was performed in order to verify the efficacy of ultrasonography in the qualitative and quantitative analyses of gastric content. METHODS: A literature review of articles published between 2009 and 2019 in the PubMed and LILACS databases was conducted using combinations of the keywords “gastric ultrasound,” “gastric emptying,” and “gastric content.” RESULTS: Of the 20 articles found, 19 chose the antral region as the best site for qualitative analysis of the gastric content. Regarding quantitative measurement, the most commonly used method to calculate the gastric volume in eight articles was the formula “Gastric Volume = 27 + (14.6 × ATAG) − (1.28 × Age),” in which the area of the transverse section of the gastric antrum (ATAG) could also be calculated by the largest antral diameters or by free tracing. CONCLUSION: An efficient evaluation of the gastric content can be performed by ultrasonography of the antral region, contributing to greater safety in the clinical management of patients with increased risk for bronchoaspiration during airway management.
Diastolic dysfunction for nephrologists: diagnosis at the point of care
Authors: Bastos Marcus G , Vieira Ana Luisa , Pazeli Jr José M , Galil Arise GS
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY Cardiovascular diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diastolic dysfunction (DD) may progress with the clinical manifestation of heart failure, known as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a condition that precedes systolic dysfunction. The early identification of DD by echocardiography at the point-of-care before the appearance of symptoms and signs of pulmonary congestion and the implementation of appropriate treatment can improve the prognosis of CKD. This review article briefly addresses DD in kidney disease and presents a practical approach to the echocardiographic diagnosis of DD at the point of care.
Características clínicas da doença de Parkinson associadas à dor ao tratamento odontológico
Authors: CABRAL Etenildo Dantas , SILVA Érica Alves da , SILVA Lícia Vasconcelos Carvalho da , LINS Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly , CORIOLANO Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales
Published: December 2020

Resumo Introdução A Doença de Parkinson (DP) resulta em condições clínicas desfavoráveis para a saúde bucal e não existe estudo publicado sobre dor ao tratamento odontológico em pacientes com DP. Objetivo Pesquisar associação entre características clínicas da DP e a intensidade de dor em decorrência de tratamentos odontológicos. Material e método Foi utilizada uma amostra consecutiva de 70 pacientes com DP, nos quais foram realizados 217 procedimentos odontológicos invasivos. Tempo de DP foi coletado do prontuário odontológico; estágio da DP foi definido por meio da escala de Hoehn e Yahr; défice cognitivo, por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental; depressão, por meio do Inventário de Depressão de Beck; e comprometimento motor, por meio da escala UPDRS/AVD. Os pacientes foram questionados se no último mês sentiram alguma sensação de dormência, formigamento, queimação ou dor bem como dificuldade para sentir cheiros ou gostos. A dor relacionada ao tratamento foi coletada por meio de uma escala numérica de dor com valores de 0 a 10. Resultado O nível de dor percebida pelos pacientes durante o tratamento odontológico não apresentou associação significativa com tempo de DP, estágio da DP, comprometimento motor nem ocorrência de depressão. Maior nível de dor foi estatisticamente mais frequente entre aqueles com défice cognitivo e aqueles que relataram a presença de maior número de sintomas sensitivos, sobretudo dormência e queimação. Conclusão A dor ao tratamento odontológico em pacientes com DP está associada aos sintomas não motores desses pacientes, especificamente o défice cognitivo e a presença de sintomas sensitivos.
SNAPPE II: ANALYSIS OF ACCURACY AND DETERMINATION OF THE CUTOFF POINT AS A DEATH PREDICTOR IN A BRAZILIAN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Fontenele Maria Marcia Farias Trajano , Silva Cristiana Ferreira , Leite Álvaro Jorge Madeiro , Castro Eveline Campos Monteiro , Carvalho Francisco Herlânio Costa , Silva Ana Valeska Siebra e
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the accuracy of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE II) as a death predictor, to determine the cutoff point for mortality, and to analyze the association of independent variables with death. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, hospital-based study on newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for the first time from November 1, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Newborns with less than 12 hours of length of stay at the NICU, out-of-hospital births, major congenital malformations, and inter-hospital transfer were excluded. Variables were grouped according to hierarchical framework, related to maternal characteristics (distal level), prenatal and childbirth care (intermediate level), and birth conditions (proximal level). Descriptive analyses of SNAPPE II score ranges, Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC curve) to define the cutoff point for mortality, and bivariate analysis by the Wald test and multiple logistic regression were conducted. Results: After selection, the sample consisted of 247 newborns. In this study, the SNAPPE II cutoff point for mortality was 27, with sensitivity of 84.1% and specificity of 82.4%. 61% of those with a score ≥27 died. Multiple logistic regression showed an association between death and proximal-level variables: sepsis (Odds Ratio [OR] 10.68; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 2.82–40.48; p<0.001); SNAPPE II ≥27 (OR 5.85; 95%CI 1.90–18.05; p=0.002); birth weight 750–999 g (OR 4.15; 95%CI 1.06–16.14; p=0.040); and nonuse of surfactant (OR 0.159; 95%CI 0.04–0.53; p=0.003). Conclusions: Neonatal mortality was directly proportional to increase in SNAPPE II. Score≥27 increased the odds of dying by six times compared with neonates with lower scores. The proximal variables related to health conditions and neonatal care were associated with death.
Meiotic behavior and fertility of Capsicum interspecific hybrids
Authors: Oliveira Sara I de , Ribeiro Elba H , Moreira Nádia F , Vianna Larissa S , Pereira Telma NS
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT This study was performed to evaluate the meiotic behavior and fertility of four hybrids obtained from the crossing of Capsicum baccatum and its botanical forms with Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens. We aimed to identify the causes of the low fertility in interspecific hybrids involving species from different gene pools of Capsicum. Hybrid flower buds were fixed in fixative solution and the slides were prepared using 1%-acetic carmine solution. Meiosis was observed in all phases and the main meiotic abnormality observed was the complete or partial lack of chromosome pairing, indicating that the species are either genetically distant or that some asynaptic gene was present in the hybrids. Meiotic index (MI), the frequency of unreduced gametes (type 2n), and pollen viability were estimated. MI and pollen viability of the hybrids were low. We concluded that due to the complete or partial lack of chromosome pairing, the species used in the hybrid combinations are genetically distant. We also noticed that the low-fertility hybrids are a consequence of the lack of chromosome homology between the two genomes involved. The hybrids were considered partially sterile since their pollen viability percentage was lower than 50%.
Performance of maize seedlings for baby corn production
Authors: Costa Ariane C , Coelho Fábio C , Garcia Romário V , Lima Wallace Luís de , Vivas Marcelo , Prins Cláudia L , Rocha Jaídson G da
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Using maize seedlings for baby corn production can benefit farmers who have small areas under cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using maize seedlings for the production of baby corn. The experiment was carried out in field with four treatments (direct sowing in field; transplanting seedlings 10 days after sowing (DAS); 20 DAS and 30 DAS) in randomized blocks with eight replications. Plants from seedlings 30 DAS were higher than sowing direct in field. Direct sowing in field and seedlings 30 DAS resulted in the largest stands. Sowing direct in field and transplanting seedlings at 20 and 10 DAS presented the highest number of total and commercial ears, while crops obtained from direct sowing in field yielded higher compared to the crops in which seedlings were used. Crops from maize seedlings transplanted at 10, 20 and 30 DAS reduced the period of maize plants in field by 14, 22 and 28 days, respectively, compared to maize sown directly in field. However, baby corn from direct sowing yielded 37% more than those in which seedlings were used. We concluded that the use of maize seedlings caused reduction in baby corn productivity however, it presents the advantage of reducing the permanence of the maize plants in field.
Spear leaf in determining the harvest timing of peach palm heart
Authors: Modolo Valéria A , Ferreira Larissa do N , Spiering Sandra H , Erismann Norma M
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT The harvest timing of peach palm stems for heart-of-palm production is mainly defined by the height and diameter of the stem. Spear leaf parameters could be used in the field to obtain a higher heart-of-palm yield. The aim of this study is to verify if the length and opening of the spear leaf are related to the peach palm heart production. Three harvests were carried out in Campinas (SP), over a period of one year. Before harvest the plants were measured: main stem circumference, height, number of tillers and leaves, length and degree of spear leaf opening. After stem harvest, heart-of-palm production was evaluated. Regardless of the harvest date, the length of the first-rate heart-of-palm was longer when the spear leaf was open. Total mass production of heart-of-palm as a function of spear leaf opening is variable and dependent on weather conditions. When there was a difference in total mass production, this was higher when spear leaf was open. There was no correlation between spear leaf length and total heart-of-palm production. Although there may be an increase in the number of stalks, this had not resulted in a significant effect in terms of mass. The insertion of the spear leaf openness criterion in the determination of the harvest timing may not be worthwhile, since the payment to the producer occurs on the total mass of first-rate heart-of-palm, which may not be higher due to the degree of spear leaf opening.
A Comparison of Different Approaches to the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Useful Products: Part I
Authors: Alcasabas Annette , Ellis Peter R. , Malone Iain , Williams Gareth , Zalitis Chris
Published: December 2020

The reduction of carbon dioxide into useful products such as fuels and chemicals is a topic of intense research activity at present, driven by the need to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and avoid catastrophic temperature rises across the world. In this review, we consider a range of different technological approaches to CO2 conversion, their current status and the molecules which each approach is best suited to making. In Part I, the biological, catalytic and electrocatalytic routes are presented.
(DE)CONSTRUCTING LETTERS TO LEADERS: ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ APPEALS TO THE AUTHORITIES IN THE 1920s
Authors:   Kuban State University, Rozhkov A. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article examines students’ appeals to the authorities as a specific type of epistolary narrative discourse. The author focuses on the creation of an epistolary text as a part of socio-discursive communication practice. The aim of the research is to identify the narrative structure of student letters and the ways of their argumentation. The study is (Де)конструируя письма … 173 complicated by the fact that it presents a complex of small disparate narratives that are not related to each other. A structural approach is used for the narrative analysis of student letter texts. The letters of students to the authorities are compositionally divided into two groups – simple, consisting of one or two semantic parts, and complex, consisting of three, four or more semantic parts. The studied letters help identify both general patterns of the narrative structure of appeals to the authorities and particular cases of plotting. The compositional structure of the students’ narrative was determined by the problem of treatment, the genre of writing, social origin, gender, and level of "language personality" of the authors. The texts of selected letters are analyzed separately according to the structural parts of the composition: the initial part, the main part, and the final part. The applicants’ arguments were both rational and emotional, including threats to commit suicide in case of default request. The narratives are presented as “small” stories of “small” people who constructed their stories in accordance with the social norms of the period. The story of each author of the letter was individual, but the experiences of difficulties were collective. Students could not share their stories with each other, which, along with generational habitus, probably determined semantic similarities in the epistolary narrative.
PERIODIZATION OF WORLD HISTORY IN THE “SHORT COURSE OF ECONOMICS SCIENCE” BY ALEXANDER BOGDANOV
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Emelyanov E. P.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of periodization of universal history in the work "A Short Course in Economic Science" written by Alexander Bogdanov. It analyzes the changes in the periodization of the historical process in various editions of the work, identifies the intellectual sources of those changes and establishes a connection between the evolution of Bogdanov’s historical concept and the development of historical science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The main direction in the evolution of Bogdanov’s historical views was the transition from a linear progressive scheme of world history to a description of history as a complex non-linear process in which periods of development are combined with periods of decline and stagnation. Abandoning the idea of steady linear progress, Bogdanov also abandoned the strict correspondence between a specific economic form and a certain historical era and concluded that various economic forms could coexist. The changes in Bogdanov’s approaches to the question of the role of economic forms in the periodization of world historical process testify to his search for special features specifying various eras in the history of mankind and reflect a general interest in the substantial characteristics of time characteristic of the European intellectual space of the first third of the 20th century
“POLISH REFUGEES” FROM THE WESTERN BELARUS IN THE 1937–38 NKVD “POLISH OPERATION” IN PERM
Authors:   National Research University ", Kamenskikh A. A. ,   Higher School of Economics"
Published: December 2020

Using the example of the so called “Polish refugees” (pol’perebezhchiki), the paper discusses a research problem of the “blind spots” of historical memory. By the technical term pol’perebezhchiki the NKVD investigators denoted a special social group of the former citizens of the interwar Poland – mainly ethnic Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Jews, – who escaped to the Soviet Union in the 1920s – 1930s, and, according to the order № 00485 from 11.08.1937 issued by Nicholas Ezhov, were almost totally exterminated during the 1937–38 ‘NKVD Polish operation’. “Polish refugees” do not exist, as the objects of commemoration, neither in traditions of national remembrance (Polish, Jewish, Belarusian, Ukrainian or Russian ones), because they cannot be introduced into the heroic or lacrimous national narratives; nor in the memory of their families: as young men, they were not married and did not have children. They are ignored by scholars as well. Based on the materials of the NKVD archives in Perm, the author tries to reconstruct the main features of the standard procedure of the treatment of “Polish refugees” elaborated by the NKVD up to 1931: (1) several months of imprisonment near the Polish-Soviet border, (2) transferring to the “Sarov concentration camp” organized especially for such refugees, (3) several years of labour in one of the GULAG camp, (4) and finally, liberation from the camp and accepting of Soviet citizenship. The object of special interest are the series of biographies of the group of “Polish refugees” who were, at the moment of their arrest, the students of Perm educational institutes.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Law Enforcement
Authors: Stepanenko Diana , Bakhteev Dmitry , Evstratova Yuliana
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the technological basis and opportunities for the use of artificial intelligence systems in law enforcement. The authors describe the investigation methods and the essence of artificial intelligence, and conduct a detailed study of approaches to the taxonomy of its systems. Artificial intelligence today does not only make it possible to solve specific tasks, but also approaches human cognition in its functions. In the present legal environment, programming and automation of crime investigation and solving are used to create information and reference systems, as well as databases and criminalistic algorithms that optimize, for example, the process of developing and verifying criminalistic leads, planning an investigation, supporting the maintenance of order, searching for the culprit, etc. The authors define key features of artificial neural networks viewed as one of the main methods of using artificial intelligence systems in law enforcement, specifically, situational adaptive learning, ability to identify non-obvious links and regularities. The designing of an applied artificial neural network is examined stage-by-stage. At the first stage, a dataset is collected - it is a volume of data for training the network. At the second stage, an algorithm (a set of rules) for learning is selected or designed. After that comes the process of learning and validating its results. The authors analyze the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of training an artificial intelligence system, including the criteria of precision and accuracy. They single out three key types of operations in the sphere of law enforcement that can be performed by artificial intelligence systems: identification (of visual images and links between the objects of criminalistic study), prediction and classification.
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Interaktif untuk Mata Pelajaran Matematika untuk Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Firmansyah Feri Hidayatullah , Fajriyah Aldriani Sekar Nurul , Dewi Elsya Roziana
Published: December 2020

The learning process during a pandemic requires teachers to be more interactive in making online learning media. The government has designed the Covid Emergency Curriculum, which is that educational units in their current condition can choose one of the several components needed in the learning process, namely still referring to the national curriculum, using the emergency curriculum, or making curriculum simplification independently. For curriculum simplification, only the main material in learning activities needs to be conveyed, while for practice it can be independently or through an application media. This study aims to create an augmented reality-based learning media on geometry in mathematics subjects for grade 5 elementary school. This media can make it easier for students to understand the shapes with augmented reality and there is a learning video feature that also explains the material presented by the teacher. With the black box white box method, the application is developed by adjusting the curriculum simplification planned by the government. Features in the application include objectives and materials, learning videos, augmented reality simulations and integrated with Google Classroom as a learning evaluation platform. The results of this research are digital applications that can be accessed from the web or android applications.
Populists and Technocrats in Latin America: Conflict, Cohabitation, and Cooperation
Authors: Barrenechea Rodrigo , Dargent Eduardo
Published: December 2020

The literature frequently presents populists and technocrats as antagonistic. Although undoubtedly there are good historical examples that confirm this tension, in this article we propose that the relations between economic technocrats and populists are less conflictive than usually assumed and cohabitation a more common outcome than expected. We argue that two conditions moderate conflict between populists and economic technocrats, leading not only to their cohabitation but to cooperation between them: the programmatic mandate of populists and the economic context of their rise to power. We analyse the relations of economic experts with nine populist presidents in contemporary Latin America to show this argument’s soundness.
Technocratic Populism in Italy after Berlusconi: The Trendsetter and his Disciples
Authors: Castaldo Antonino , Verzichelli Luca
Published: December 2020

Notwithstanding the speculations from the literature, the empirical analyses still neglect the convergence between populism and technocracy. The Italian case can be of some interest in this perspective, given the rise of technocratic populism since Silvio Berlusconi’s rise to power in 1994. By analyzing the style of leadership and the processes of ministerial appointment and delegation, we argue that Berlusconi has been a trendsetter, more than a coherent example of technocratic populist leader. On the one hand, he played the role of the entrepreneur in politics, promising to run the state as a firm. Moreover, he adopted an anti-establishment appeal, delegitimizing political opponents and stressing the divide between ‘us’ (hardworking ordinary people) and ‘them’ (incompetent politicians). On the other hand, however, his anti-elite approach was mainly directed towards the ‘post-communist elite.’ Extending the analysis to the following two decades, we introduce a diachronic comparison involving three examples of leadership somehow influenced by Berlusconi. Mario Monti represents the paradox of the impossible hero: A pure technocrat unable to take a genuinely populist semblance. Matteo Renzi represents the attempt to mix a populist party leadership with a technocratic chief executive style. Finally, Salvini represents the pure nativist heir of Berlusconi, as the new leader of the right-wing camp. The latest developments of executive leadership in Italy, and the re-emergence of other residual hints of technocratic populism, will be discussed in the final section of the article, also in the light of the evident impact of the 2020 pandemic outbreak on the practices of government.
Technocratic Populism in Hybrid Regimes: Georgia on My Mind and in My Pocket
Authors: Aprasidze David , Siroky David S.
Published: December 2020

Most studies of technocratic populism have focused on democracies under stress (e.g., Italy, Czech Republic). This article builds on and extends these studies by analyzing a hybrid regime—post-Soviet Georgia—and argues that technocratic populism in this context is utilized as a façade to cover authoritarian and oligarchic tendencies, while suspending (or reversing) democratization efforts. The state apparatus is weaponized against current and potential political opponents. Ideology is irrelevant, loyalty is key, and passivity is encouraged. The government aims to chip away at institutional checks and balances, and to demobilize the public by undermining confidence in the country’s representative institutions while increasing dependence on experienced personalities, the ‘can do experts.’ The result is most often a stable partial-reform equilibrium. We illustrate this argument with evidence from Georgia, where Bidzina Ivanishvili, the richest man in the country, came to power in 2012 and, despite not holding any official position in the government since 2013, has run the state as a firm.
Del momumento a la dominación social. Propuestas para el análisis de los castillos altomedievales como centros de poder en el noroeste de la península ibérica
Authors: Justo Sánchez Daniel
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo presenta un estado de la cuestión de dos perspectivas de análisis para el estudio de los castillos medievales desarrolladas en Europa durante las últimas décadas. En primer lugar, se exponen algunas de las reflexiones con las que han contribuido los estudios que conciben los espacios fortificados como símbolos de poder, desarrollados fundamentalmente por las escuelas británica y francesa. Seguidamente, se hace un sintético balance de la investigación que, aprovechando el concepto de incastellamento, ha centrado su interés en las funciones sociales y económicas vinculadas a los asentamientos fortificados y a su dominio sobre el territorio. Ambas corrientes se ponen en relación con el bagaje de los estudios sobre los castillos del noroeste de la península ibérica, donde su aplicación ha llegado de forma desigual e intermitente.
Diálogos y relaciones de poder en los albores del reino visigodo hispano: el reinado de Amalarico (511-531)
Authors: Poveda Arias Pablo
Published: December 2020

La derrota de los visigodos en la batalla de Vouillé (507) supuso un punto de inflexión en el desarrollo político del reino visigodo, haciéndose notar sus consecuencias durante toda la primera etapa del nuevo regnum que nació en Hispania precisamente a raíz de este fracaso militar. Con el objetivo de poder entender la nueva situación, el trabajo que aquí presentamos pretende ilustrar las dinámicas de poder vigentes en este período germinal del reino visigodo hispano a través del caso del reinado de Amalarico (511-531). El estudio propuesto ofrecerá una lectura alejada de la perspectiva teleológica y los análisis excesivamente negativos que transmiten las fuentes y determinados sectores de la historiografía moderna en lo referido a este período y a la propia figura de Amalarico. El perfil que presentaremos del mismo pondrá de relieve, por el contrario, el pragmatismo de este monarca a la hora de hacer frente a las distintas amenazas internas que marcaron su reinado
Usina do Gasômetro: Patrimônio de Porto Alegre
Authors: Capra Filho Luiz Armando Armando , Bem Judite Sanson de , Araujo Margarete Panerai , Waismann Moisés
Published: December 2020

Um dos prédios mais famosos da cidade de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecido como Usina do Gasômetro, por sediar a Companhia Brasil de Força Elétrica até a década de 1950. Esse prédio após o seu fechamento foi tombado e se transformou em um Centro Cultural. Foi sede de inúmeros projetos artísticos e ambientais. A entrevista organizada pelos professores do Unilasalle do Programa de Memória e Bens Culturais da linha de pesquisa de Memória e Gestão Cultural oferece um panorama desse complexo arquitetônico.
miR-590-3p Alleviates diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain by targeting RAP1A and suppressing infiltration by the T cells
Authors: Wu Yihua , Gu Ye , Shi Bimin
Published: December 2020

Background: MicroRNAs play a crucial role in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). miR-590-3p is a novel miRNA and involved in multiple diseases. However, the pathological mechanism of miR-590-3p in DPNP needs to be elucidated. Materials and methods: The db/db mice and db/m mice were selected to mimic diabetes and control, respectively, for in vivo studies. The miR-590-3p agomir was injected into db/db mice and pain-related behavioral tests were performed. The interaction of miR-590-3p with target gene was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression of target gene was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: miR-590-3p was down-regulated in diabetic peripheral neuropathy mice. More importantly, miR-590-3p agomir alleviated pain-related behavior, reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations, and inhibited neural infiltration by immune cells in db/db mice. Interestingly, RAP1A was predicted to be the target of miR-590-3p by Targetscan, and was actually regulated by miR-590-3p. Finally, the rescue experiments proved that overexpression of RAP1A partially abrogated the suppressive impact of miR-590-3p on T cells proliferation and migration. Conclusion: miR-590-3p ameliorates DPNP via targeting RAP1A and inhibiting T cells infiltration, indicating that exogenous miR-590-3p may be a potential candidate for clinical treatment of DPNP.
Subjective Well-Being and Labor Involvement of Senior Employees: Gender Aspect
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Leonova Irina S.
Published: December 2020

The results of the empirical study of the male and female senior personnel`s subjective well-being in manufacturing and medical organizations with different involvement in innovative processes (ordinary and innovative companies) are presented. The subjective well-being is considered as an emotional regulator of labor activity, the indicator of the socio-psychological age and determinant of personal labor involvement. It is shown that labor involvement is significantly higher and the subjective well-being of the employees is statistically significantly better in the innovative companies than in the ordinary ones. The gender and professional specificity of the subjective well-being is revealed. The approaches to management optimization are formulated.
Youth: Subject-Object Status in the System of Municipal Youth Policy
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafyev, Zmanovsky George R. , Myasoutov Oleg V. ,   Dmitri Hvorostovsky Siberian State Academy of Arts
Published: December 2020

The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the subject-object status and involvement of young people in the processes of political, social, and economic development of a municipality. The starting point of the research is the assumption that the traditional approach to youth as a socio-demographic group, distinguished by socio-age and professional characteristics, does not correspond to the current dynamics of political processes occurring in municipalities and regions. From the authors’ point of view, there is a need in a different understanding of the status of youth as an active part of society, which is largely able to solve problems independently. The concept of youth development and the formation of municipal youth policy based on the analysis of conceptual interdisciplinary approaches that determine the subject-object status of youth in the system of youth policy is proposed for discussion. The article substantiates the idea of subjectivity of youth in modern social and political conditions.
The Visual Space of a City: A Semiotic Approach
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kurokhtina Sofia R.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of visuality in the context of space from the point of view of visual semiotics. The choice of the problem determined the methodology, which is based on a semiotic approach. Visual semiotics uses induction as the main tool: analyzing individual elements of space, i.e. signs, it moves to the generalization of the results at the level of semiotics as a whole. The author believes that visual images captured in various architectural structures play an important role in shaping the social structure, the space of everyday communication, and the interaction practices of observing subjects. The purpose of the article is to characterize the basic principles of visual semiotics which reflect the theoretical understanding of urban architecture as a sign system. It is established that the main theoretical principles of visual semiotics in relation to space consist in the following provisions: first, visual artifacts which flood the city space are facts of communication, since they have a linguistic orientation and are perceived as signs. Secondly, the main property for a visual message is capacity – in a short period of time, the subject is able to perceive a much larger amount of information than from the text. And third, it is established that reading and generating new interpretations of urban space occur through everyday practices, during which the surrounding visual space is appropriated and personalized.
Socio-Psychological Aspects of School Bullying Prevention in a Digital Environment
Authors:   Saratov Institute for Educational Development, Nelyubova Yanina K. , Grishanova Oksana S. ,   Saratov Institute for Educational Development
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of overcoming the risks of digital socialization in the context of the ideas of adolescents and teachers about the phenomenon of bullying in the school environment. The relevance of addressing the topic is due to the need to develop a regional model for the prevention of bullying, which requires the study of deficits and resources in the professional position of teaching staff. The purpose of the article is to show the possibilities of professional reflection to reduce the contradiction between the significance of bullying problems for teenagers and the unpreparedness of pedagogical teams to effectively respond to this problem. The article contains the results of empirical studies – data from the annual socio-psychological testing of adolescents in the Saratov region (90,422 students), exploring problems that reduce the psychological stability of youth – aggressive manifestations in the teenage environment as well as an analysis of teachers’ ideas about the causes, participants and prevention of bullying and cyberbullying (125 people). The article focuses on actually available and desirable strategies for teachers to respond to aggression in the teenage environment. The conclusions indicate that the collective moderation of the problem allows us to identify the components of the school’s anti-bullying strategy, the study defines the need for including response skills in the bullying situation in continuing education programs for teachers.
Features of the Transformation of the Criminal Subculture in Modern Society: The Role of Organizational Culture
Authors:   Saratov State University, Romanova Natalia M.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The study of the specific organizational culture peculiarities within group entities conducting criminal economic activities is significant for understanding the essence of such organizations, socio-psychological mechanisms of their potential influence on society. So far, the criminal subculture has not been considered from the point of view of postmodernism methodology, the influence of the role of organizational culture on its development. Purpose. Develop the theoretical foundations of the study of criminal subculture that are adequate for modern society. Method. Theoretical analysis of the criminal subculture from the point of view of the methodology of postmodernism. Results. The article provides an analysis of the peculiarities of the nature of modern culture in the conditions of the postmodern and information society, the relationship of the criminal subculture with the culture of society and the social processes taking place in it, the specifics of changes and the cultural transformation of the criminal subculture in a multicultural society (dissemination and introduction into society, modification, acquisition of new forms). Conclusions. Reliance on the methodology of postmodernism gives a deeper understanding of the cultural transformation specifics in the modern criminal subculture. The introduction of criminal subculture into the structure of society is due to the use of objective elements of organizational culture (image, externally acceptable, socialized forms of employee behavior, external compliance with the requirements of conventionality) and concealment of subjective elements of organizational culture (values of the criminal world).
Assessment of Loss of Practical Skills by Cadets in Rescue Operations and Methods of Their Recovery
Authors:   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Bulgakov Vladislav V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the training of cadets in educational institutions of The State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia in the field of rescue and fire fighting. For the first time the attention is focused on the problem connected with gradual loss by the final year of professionally-applied skills and physical and psychological qualities which cadets acquire while studying the course "Fire Drill" which forms basic skills of firefighters' work in the first and second years. The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of loss of previously obtained professional and applied skills and development of methods of practical training, allowing to form and maintain throughout the period of training, practical skills, physical and psychological qualities necessary to perform rescue operations and fire fighting. Methods of observation and pedagogical experiment, as well as statistical methods of processing its results were used to solve the research problems. Pedagogical experiment has confirmed the fact of loss of vocational and applied skills by the graduates while performing fire drill regulations which are so necessary for the young officer, the head of the fire rescue guard. To solve the problem of training cadets and reducing the adaptation period of graduates to their professional activity, a new method of practical training is proposed, which allows to form and maintain throughout the training period, practical skills, physical and psychological qualities necessary to perform rescue operations and fire fighting.