bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PREVALENCE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG SCHOOL-AGED ADOLESCENTS IN JAIL
Authors: ASTITENE KHALID , BENABBOU AYOUB , BARKAT AMINA
Published: July 2023

Aim: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to trauma and stress; this disorder can affect anyone after having experienced a stressful traumatic event. The survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of PTSD in an incarcerated school-aged adolescent of the centre of reform and discipline of the prefecture of Salé in Morocco. In addition, to study the level of anxiety and depression which present the most associated disorders of PTSD.

Methods: Fifty-two male students were selected who continued their study in the prison school. The age of these students were between 13 and 17 years. The validated questionnaires (CPTS-RI, STAIY and CDI) were used and completed by the students for this survey which carried out during the period from March to June 2017.

Results: Given the specificity of students characterized by detention and poverty and low level of parental education, we found 55.77% of prevalence of PTSD. While for PTSD co-morbidities among adolescents, 84.62% were found to have anxiety and 82.70% to have depression. The most traumatic event that caused post-traumatic stress disorder was detention with 44.20% and 90.40% of students who have poor grades. If the level of PTSD increased, the academic results decreased (p <0.001). If the level of PTSD increased, the level of anxiety and depression increased (p < 0.001 and p = 0.024).

Conclusion: With the important prevalence of PTSD in an incarcerated school-aged adolescent, the negative impact of this disorder can be significant on the well-being of these adolescents. There are practical implications for supporting and healing these adolescents with this disorder.
VARIABILITY, CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: ANIK AHMED SHAHRIAR , SYFULLAH KHALID , ZONAYET MD. , SHEULY KAMRUN NAHAR , KARMOKAR DEBOSREE , SAYEED KAZI MD. ABU , ISLAM MOHAMMAD SAIFUL
Published: July 2023

Ten genotypes of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were evaluated based on yield and yield contributing traits at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during November 2017 to march 2018. In this experiment ten garlic genotypes viz. BARI Rosun-1(G1), BARI Rosun-2 (G2), BARI Rosun-3 (G3), BARI Rosun-4 (G4), Faridpuri (G5), China Rosun (G6), Natori (G7), Ekdana (G8), Khude (G9), Manikganji (G10) were used as experimental materials. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBCD) with three replications. Mean performance, variability, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient and path analysis on different yield contributing characters and yield of garlic genotypes were estimated. The highest bulb yield/plant (13.57) was recorded in the genotype of BARI Rosun-3, whereas the lowest bulb yield/plant (9.007) from the genotype of BARI Rosun-2. Analysis of variance revealed that there were significant genotypic variation among the genotypes for all the characters of this study. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the yield contributing traits. In correlation study, yield per bulb positively and significantly correlated with root length, bulb length, bulb diameter and dry weight per bulb at both genotypic and phenotypic levels respectively. Path coefficient analysis revealed highest positive indirect effects on yield per bulb were obtained by Plant height (13.921), leaf length (6.754), dry weight per bulb (3.552), bulb diameter (2.132), root length (1.91) and total number of leafs (1.629). Considering more dry weight of bulb, maximum bulb length, bulb diameter, no. of leaves, leaf length and plant height genotypes BARI Rosun-3, BARI Rosun-1 may be selected for garlic production.
THE PLANT GROWTH PROMOTOR AUXIN (IAA) PRODUCTION ABILITY IN Arthrospira massartii – ARH STRAIN ISOLATED FROM VIETNAM AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: LIEN NGUYEN THI THU , NHAN LE THI TUYET , QUANG HO NHAT , NGUYEN PHAN THI THAO , PHUONG TRUONG THI BICH , LOC DANG THI THANH , TUAN LE VAN , QUANG HOANG TAN
Published: July 2023

Cyanobacteria are a group of photoautotrophic prokaryotes which have the ability to biosynthesize plant growth regulators, especially Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and have not been focused on research yet in Vietnam. In this study, Arthrospira massartii (ARH strain) - a planktonic cyanobacterial strain isolated from a freshwater lake in Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam - is showing good growth ability under an artificial culture condition with the maximum cell density of 58.44 x 104 cells/mL and the highest total IAA content of 18.62 µg/mL. This ARH strain also showed potential for IAA production even in the absence of L-tryptophan in the culture medium. The content of L-tryptophan supplemented with 600 µg/mL was the best for extracellular and intracellular IAA biosynthesis in Arthrospira massartii – ARH strain. ARH cyanobacterial extract has also shown to have a positive effect on the budding shoot multiplication and rooting of tissue-cultured ginger plants. Research results have demonstrated the potential to apply the extract of cyanobacteria Arthrospira massartii – ARH in the field of plant tissue culture to partially replace plant growth promoters and cultivation stimulants.
SANDAL CANOLA (RBN-13028): RAPESEED CULTIVAR WITH BETTER QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS UNDER THE SCENARIO OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: MUSTAFA HAFIZ SAAD BIN , EJAZ-UL-HASAN . , MAHMOOD TARIQ , AFTAB MUHAMMAD , SHAHZAD SUNDAS , QAMAR RIZWANA , GILL AHMAD NAWAZ , TUFAIL QAMAR ANSAR
Published: July 2023

Pakistan is deficient in edible oil production. Rapeseed and Mustard are the main sources of edible oil production. However, commercial rapeseed varieties have a less average yield in high-temperature areas. Research work was conducted on the development of high-yielding rapeseed cultivar having less than 2% Erucic acid in oil and less than 30 µmole per gram Glucosinolates in the meal (00) at Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad (Pakistan). The Pedigree method of Plant breeding was used to develop rapeseed cultivar having required traits and wider adaptability. Sandal Canola (RBN-13028) is a resultant of a comprehensive breeding program and vast adaptability study in different agroclimatic regions. Sandal Canola (RBN-13028) is a medium-maturing rapeseed cultivar with “00” oil quality; bold seed; long silique; lodging tolerance; drought tolerance; Alternaria blight resistance; white rust resistance; high seed yield potential having high oil content and wider adaptability. Its oil is suitable for human consumption and meal for poultry/livestock feed production. The variety showed a significant seed yield increase (13%) than check variety Faisal Canola and demonstrated 2969 kg ha-1 seed yield potential in multilocation trials. Results of adaptability trials in irrigated and rainfed areas favored Sandal Canola cultivation in irrigated as well as rainfed areas of the Punjab, Pakistan. Due to versatility in characteristics, this rapeseed cultivar can be effectively grown in different regions and countries that have the same prevailing climatic conditions as in Pakistan.
THE GOOD, BETTER AND BEST ABOUT SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AS NOVEL GUARDIANS AGAINST OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: SOUMYAKRISHNAN SYAMALA , SREEPRIYA M.
Published: July 2023

The functions of estrogen are highly significant in human physiology. The regulatory effect of estrogen is mediated through three distinct estrogen receptors (ER), namely estrogen receptor alpha (ER α), estrogen receptor beta (ER β) and G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPCER). Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are synthetic/ natural molecules that aid in transcriptional roles such as estrogen agonistic / antagonist activity in target tissues by binding to ER.  These compounds lack the steroidal back bone of estrogen but structurally resemble estrogen and hence can compete with estrogen and bind to estrogen responsive elements. This in turn triggers downstream signaling pathways that decide the fate of the cell to transit between proliferation and death. This review article describes the various synthetic and natural SERMS, their chemical classification, mechanism of action, side effects, bioavailability and clinical implications in several pathogenic conditions majorly in osteoporosis. This is based on a systematic review and consideration of the recent literature on various approaches (Pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics, Pharmaconutritional approaches) on osteoporosis and strategies involved in the management of its clinical symptoms. Osteoporosis is a growing health burden all over the world, affecting the quality of life especially in elderly women population. Apart from the role of SERMs in osteoporosis, this review summarizes the promising roles of SERMs in other pathologic conditions like breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection and reproductive biology. Hence the exploitation of SERMs as therapeutic and prophylactic agents with increased tolerability, safety and efficacy is an area of booming research in the recent decades.
BIO FORTIFICATION WITH IRON AND ZINC IMPROVES THE GRAIN QUALITY AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF WHEAT CROP
Authors: AKHTAR NASEEM , JAMIL MUHAMMAD , QAZI MUHAMMAD AKRAM , MUSLIM NAFEESA , KHAN MUHAMMAD UMAR HAYAT , JAMIL SEHRISH , BASHIR FARHAT , IQBAL MUHAMMAD MAZHAR
Published: July 2023

The nutritional and economic value of wheat is not debatable especially for developing countries just like Pakistan. The present study was planned to investigate the effect of Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) on yield attributes and nutritional value of wheat. Soil application and foliar application (two sprays of three levels 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) were adopted to evaluate the effect of Fe and Zn in district Bahwalnagar during 2018-19 and 2019-20, for this purpose Galaxy-2013 variety was used. The RCBD design with four replications was used in this study. The results revealed that the data taken after 50 days of sowing about physiological parameters (Leaf area index, Leaf area duration, Crop growth rate and Relative growth rate) showed non-significant results but the data taken after 100 days of sowing showed significant results of these physiological parameters. The treatment having two sprays of 0.3% Fe showed highest yield (4.9 t ha-1) and increased the 31% Fe contents in grains over control. In the mean while treatment having two sprays of 0.3% Zn increased the Zn concentration 43.8% in grains as compared to control. Soil application of these nutrients also showed encouraging results as compared to control but foliar sprays gave more significant results about no. of tillers, no. of spikelets per spike, no. of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight. By this way we can not only increase the wheat yield but can also overcome malnutrition that is a serious issue now a day’s especially in developing regions.
MINERAL PROFILING OF RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CHILLI PEPPER (Capsicum annum L.) AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE
Authors: SAEED SABA , SAHI SHAHBAZ TALIB , ATIQ MUHAMMAD , SHAHID MUHAMMAD , ARSHAD MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2023

Fusarium wilt is one of potential threat to the successful production of chill. Present study was conducted to observe alterations in the biochemical profiling of chilli leaves after attack of fusarium wilt. For this purpose seedlings of three resistant (Fengaio, Glaxy-2 and BPVLC14-1) and three susceptible varieties (Amber F1, Tejal and BSS-410) were grown in pots under Randomized Complete block Design. Both types of varieties were divided into two groups (inoculated and un-inoculated). Samples were collected from resistant and susceptible type of varieties from both groups (inoculated and un-inoculated) and were subjected to analysis to observe alterations in the mineral profiling by using Nested structured analysis.in response to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici.  Resistant group showed 45.05% Phosphorus, 2.57 ppm, Potassium, 0.49 ppm Magnesium, 1.48 ppm Calcium (Ca), 0.29 ppm Zinc (Zn), 0.70 ppm Sodium  (Na), 2.90 ppm Iron (Fe) and 0.048 ppm Copper  while susceptible group showed 38.89, 2.30, 0.43, 1.35, 0.27, 0.56, 2.33 and 0.04 ppm of P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Na, Fe and Cu. This experiment showed that resistant varieties expresswd higher mineral contents as compared to susceptible group. Similarly the mineral profile (P, Ca, K, Mg, Zn, Na, Cu and Fe) was greater in un-inoculated lines/varieties (58.58, 2.86, 0.56, 1.63, 0.31, 0.86, 3.71 and 0.056) as compared to inoculated varieties (25.35, 2.01, 0.35, 1.20, 0.25, 0.41, 1.51 and 0.039). These finding are helpful for researchers and scientists not only to develop a strong management strategy toward Fusarium wilt but also supportive to develop biochemical markers to identify source of resistance against Fusarium wilt of chilli.
AGRONOMIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STEM ROT OF BERSEEM (Trifolium alexanderinum L.) IN SARGODHA, PAKISTAN
Authors: ASHRAF EJAZ , AHMAD SALMAN , NADEEM MUHAMMAD ZEESHAN , REHMAN MALIK ABDUL , ATIQ MUHAMMAD , ALI YASIR , SAID FAZAL , HAQ MUHAMMAD EHETISHAM UL , NASEER SAIMA , KAYNAT FAZEELA
Published: July 2023

Stem rot of berseem (SRB) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS) is the most devastating and cosmopolitan plant disease, and infecting more than 400 species of plants worldwide. The disease is reported to cause more than $200 million losses. In Pakistan, the disease is infecting all cultivars of Berseem and causing heavy losses. The Sargodha district is the main Berseem cultivation area of Punjab, Pakistan.  Agronomic practices are playing key role in its spread and dissemination to new fields. The hypothesis of current study was that this disease may be curtailed by altering agronomic practices. Hence, the following study was planned on the objective to evaluate the effect of agronomic practices of district Sargodha farmers on the disease incidence (DI) of SRB. To accomplish this objective, a detailed survey was arranged in seven tehsils of Sargodha during Berseem season in 2020-2021. The surveys were repeated every fifteen days throughout the cropping season. The villages and fields were selected randomly during the surveys. Every field was divided into five sections to note down the DI of SS. Agronomic practices surveys showed significant effect on SRB incidence in different tehsils. However, the effect of agronomic practices was different in different tehsils of Sargodha. In tehsil Kotmomin and Sargodha, canal irrigations, four number of irrigations, citrus inter-cropping, October and September-October cropping seasons, respectively, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased DI of SRB. In tehsil Sargodha, canal irrigations, four number of irrigations, citrus inter-cropping, and October cropping season significantly (P < 0.05) decreased DI of SRB. In tehsil Shahpur, canal irrigations, six number of irrigations, September cropping season and citrus intercropping significantly (P < 0.05) decreased DI of SRB. In tehsil Sahiwal and Sillanwali, tube-well+ canal irrigations, four number of irrigations, mustard and citrus inter-cropping, respectively, and October cropping season significantly (P < 0.05) decreased DI. It was concluded that change in agronomic practices could help lessen the SRB incidence in district Sargodha. The current study sets the foundation of future study to further investigate the role of different agronomic factors to eco-friendly manage SRB.
IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE SOURCES IN DIVERSE RICE GERMPLASM AGAINST SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE CAUSED BY Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: ARSHAD AMNA , SAHI SHAHBAZ TALIB , SALEEM KAMRAN , ALI SAFDAR , AKBAR NADEEM
Published: July 2023

Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is the most serious disease severely damaging the rice production in Asia including Pakistan. Durable solution is a dire need to manage this disease for which the study was planned to identify the resistance sources in advanced local and exotic rice germplasm. Development of resistant varieties is the most reliable, economical and efficient strategy to manage this disease. The objective of the present study was to identify the genotypes harboring resistance against sheath blight disease in rice.  To cope this issue,  rice germplasm (85  advance rice lines/mutants/varieties) originated  from  IRRI  and  Pakistan  were  inoculated  with  Rhizoctonia solani  through toothpick inoculation method under field conditions during 2020 and 2021.  The results revealed that none of the genotype reflected immune response against sheath blight disease while two rice varieties, Noor Basmati and IRRI-29 with disease severity (15.21-15.77% and 18.39-19.97% respectively) were found resistant in both years. Eight varieties/lines Basmati 515, Chenab basmati, Punjab basmati, NM-7, NM-11, NM-15, NM-16 and NM-17 categories as moderately resistant  with the disease severity ranging from 21 to 30% in both years. 26 varieties/lines were found moderately susceptible with the disease infection of 31.33 to 44.94% while 49 were susceptible with 45.72 to 65.26% in 2020-2021. The resistant and moderately resistant genotypes could be used in breeding program to develop sheath blight disease resistant cultivars in Punjab, Pakistan.
PRODUCTION OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS AND THEIR STUDY IN AUTUMN SEASON TO RECOGNIZE BEST YIELDING HYBRIDS
Authors: SAIF RABIA , IQBAL AHSAN , BIBI AMIR , AHMAD NISAR
Published: July 2023

The research was in autumn season during the year (2019-20) at the research area of Rajawala farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to study the best performing hybrids in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in autumn season. Experimental material was obtained from USDA and NARC. CMS lines and restorers were planted in the field and crossed in line × Tester. In next autumn season the crosses and their parents was evaluated with respect to their performance for yield and related traits in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications. The data was taken on traits for days to germination, days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, days to flower maturity, plant height, internodal distance, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of whorls per flower, head diameter, 100 achene weight and achene weight per head. The data was first exposed to analysis of variance to find out the significant and non-significant differences among parents and crosses. Then combining ability and heterosis was calculated to find out the best general and specific combiners among the parents. 7-A, 23-A, 27-A, 80-R, 83-R and 96-R proved as good general combiners in both the seasons. 7-A x 86-R, 11-A x 83-R, 23-A x 81-R, 25-A x 80-R, 25-A x 94-R and 27-A x 80-R declared as best hybrids in terms of yield.
BIO-EFFICACY OF PB-ROPE (L) AS MATING DISRUPTANT AGAINST PINK BOLLWORM, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) IN COTTON
Authors: BABAR MUHAMMAD HUSSNAIN , SARWAR GHULAM , KHAN AMJED , HAMEED ASIFA , MAHMOOD KHALID , TAUSEEF MUHAMMAD , ANWAR SHAKEEL AHMAD , MUHAMMAD TAJ , JAVED MUHAMMAD HAFEEZ , AKHTAR BELQEES , RAUF SALSABEEL , ASHIQ MUHAMMAD , JAMIL MUHAMMAD , ABDULLAH MUHAMMAD , MAHMOOD AZHAR , SHAH MUHAMMAD TAHIR , ULLAH MUTI , FAROOQ JEHANZEB , RIZWAN MUHAMMAD , ABBAS HAFIZ GHAZANFAR , TABASSUM MUHAMMAD IJAZ
Published: July 2023

Mating disruption through sex pheromone is a very important technique in integrated pest management (IPM) of pink bollworm in cotton. Present study was carried out during 2020 and 2021 at farm area of cotton Research Station, Faisalabad, Pakistan to check the effectiveness of PB-Rope L (sex pheromone) against pink bollworm. PB-Rope L were tied to the cotton sticks @ 240/hectare at pin square stage. The block where PB-Rope were installed showed significantly lower pink bollworm moth catches as compared with control block. Mean percent reduction in moth catches was observed 68.24 and 72.52% over control during consecutive years. Minimum mean percent green boll damage was observed in block-A i.e., 4.16 and 3.98% as compared with control block-B (12.47 and 13.42%), with percent reduction 66.64 and 70.34% during both years of study. The block treated with PB-Ropes showed significantly less population (5.42 and 6.70 larvae per 50 green bolls) as compared with control block without PB-Ropes (11.69 and 13.47 larvae per 50 green bolls). The percent reduction in larval population was recorded 53.64 and 50.26% as compared to control treatment during consecutive years. Significantly low mean percent damage was recorded in left over bolls and higher yield was also recorded in PB-ropes plot as compared to control plot.
ESTIMATION OF SALT TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID WHEAT BASED ON ION DISCRIMINATION
Authors: SULTAN RABIA , HANIF UZMA , SAEED MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2023

Soil salinity has become a significant problem in agricultural lands making a huge area unavailable for production. Salt affected lands can be exploited effectively by utilization of salt tolerant germplasm for various crops through identification and development of tolerant genotypes. Wheat being a major food crop in many countries come to priority in this regard, and has been subjected to extensive breeding to develop tolerant germplasm. In the quest for novel sources of genes to improve the existing germplasm, several synthetic hexaploids have been developed by exploiting a diploid wheat progenitor, Aegilops tauschii. Some of these synthetic hexaploids were evaluated for their salt tolerance potential using an in vitro test called K+:Na+ discrimination. A total of thirteen genotypes were grown in hydroponics at a salinity level of 75mM NaCl. Eight genotypes showed tolerance by discriminating between Na+ and K+ ions under saline conditions. SH-13 and SH-11 were the most tolerant genotypes with good agronomic characters under salt stress, while SH-3, SH-5, SH-7, SH-8, and SH-12 showed the highest 1000 grain weight and more grains per spike in the field. A positive correlation was found between root and shoot length and K+/Na+ value of the tolerant genotypes. The results suggested that the genes for salt tolerance have been transferred in the synthetics from wild species which can be exploited through their utilization in wheat breeding programs.
EVALUATION OF SAFFRON (Crocus sativus L.) CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF QUETTA VALLEY, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: AYUB FAIQA , LEGHARI SAADULLAH KHAN , HANAN ABDUL , AHMED SHER , BALOCH ABDULLAH , ISMAIL TARIQ , GUL SHAMIM , PONYA ZSOLT
Published: July 2023

Two experiments were conducted: one on the evaluation of three different saffron cultivars i.e., Local, Mongra and Sergul and the other one was examined the effects of corm size on the growth and production of local variety. Results showed that the small sized (less than 10 g) corms couldn’t produce flowers during the first year of planting. While maximum size corms (S-1 to S-5) produced good quality flowers. The significant higher number of flowers (412568/ha) were produced by S-1 corms followed by S-2 (187614/ha). Among different varieties of saffron (Local, Mongra and Sargul), the significantly higher number of flowers (214936.24flowers/ha) were produced by local variety which followed by Sargul. The higher yield of flowers can be attributed to longer flowering period (flowering days, i.e., 24) by local as compared to Sargul (17.66) and Mongra (13.66). These results showed that maximum corms (20-35 g) resulted in the higher production of flowers, higher yield stigma (Saffron) with higher number of daughter corms in the very first year of plantation. And the local varieties proved to be the best cultivar in terms of flower and saffron yield along with its other related yield components. So, this study revealed that the local variety of saffron is very much suitable for planting under agro-climatic conditions of Quetta, Balochistan Pakistan.
ASSESMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY ON THE BASE OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AMONG ELITE GENOTYPES OF WATERMELON (Citrullus SP.) IN PAKISTAN
Authors: ABBAS MUDASSAR , ALI SAJID , SHAH JAVED ANWAR , HASSAN ALI , MALGHANI ABDUL LATIF , AMIN MUHAMMAD , AQEEL MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2023

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a lucrative vegetable crop with flesh enjoyed by millions of people worldwide. Total production of watermelon is 110 MT (million tonnes) worldwide, with China being the largest producer, accounting for 60% of total production, followed by Iran and Turkey. The genetic diversity in existed in watermelon enabled it to grow all over the world. The experiment conducted in Vegetable Research Station Sahiwal for two years 2021-2022 to assess the genetic diversity. Six different watermelon varieties tested for genetic variation. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data were recorded include main vine length, branch number, fruit number, fruit weight (kg) rind thickness and seed number. The ANOVA confirmed significant variation between them. The cluster analysis identified genotypes with similarities and variations. The cluster analysis revealed a diversity (54-42%) to (8-27%) among watermelon cultivars. The PCs analysis revealed 68% and 29% of total variation in traits.
TOMATO GENES EXPRESS DIFFERENTIALLY IN RESPONSE TO FUNGAL ATTACK
Authors: RIAZ SABA , MUMTAZ RABIA , RAZZAQ ALI , SALEEM FOZIA
Published: July 2023

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) belongs to family Solanaceae that comprises more than 3000 species. Several studies are reported on various aspects of tomato genome. However, many important molecular processes have still not been studied in this important plant. Effect of fungal stress on differential gene expression was studied with the help of arbitrary primers. Differential gene expression under fungal infection showed expression of many genes that may have important implications; the expressed genes have been categorized in three categories viz. genes related to cellular metabolism, genes corresponding to defense related proteins and the genes related to poly(A) factors. Outcome of the project is expected to have important implications for the control of gene expression in tomato to improve yields and varieties.
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES TO CONTROL SOIL AND CORM-BORNE DISEASE OF SAFFRON (Crocus sativus L.) GROWN IN QUETTA, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: HAFEEZULLAH . , HANAN ABDUL , GUL SHAMIM , AHMED SHER , BALOCH ABDULLAH , ISMAIL TARIQ
Published: July 2023

To check the efficacy of different fungicides to control soil and corm borne disease of saffron (Crocus sativus) by conducting experiment at Balochistan Agriculture Research and Development Center (BARDC) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan during the year 2019-2020. The corms were treated with one of the following fungicides; Copper Oxychloride, Cabriotop, Rovral, Vitavax Thiram, Acrobat MZ and Tanda. These corms were sown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) along with control treatment (fungal-infected corms with no fungicide treatment). The results indicated that the positive effect of fungicides on the flower production (dry weight) of saffron was in the order of Acrobat MZ and Copper Oxychloride > Rovral and Vitavax Thiram > Cabriotop, Tanda and control (P < 0.05). The dry flower biomass of saffron under treatment of Acrobat MZ and Copper Oxychloride was ~ 3 and 4 times greater than the flower production of control treatment. The dry weight of stigma under treatments of Acrobat MZ and Copper Oxychloride was ~2 – 3 times greater than the control treatment (P < 0.05). All fungicides except Tanda significantly increased the length of stigma (2.98 – 2.82 cm) than control (2.65) (P < 0.05). Acrobat MZ also significantly increased the survival of croms than control treatment. These results demonstrate that corms treated with fungicides specifically with Acrobat MZ and Copper Oxychloride not only reduce the disease incidence and pathogen population in the soil, but also improved the certain growth parameters related to vegetative and reproductive parts of saffron.
EVALUATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE BASED ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS
Authors: ARAB S. A. , EISSA S. T. , MOHAMED M. M.
Published: July 2023

Salinity stress is one of the important constraints to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production globally. Breeding for salinity tolerance using novel genetic resources is an important mitigation strategy. This study aimed to identify and select the best wheat genotypes that are tolerant to salinity stress and provide them to researchers and wheat breeders for more intense evaluation and screening. Twenty two wheat genotypes, as well as two commercial cultivars, were regenerated and evaluated for salinity tolerance. Highly significant effects were detected for the measured traits for years, genotypes and treatment under normal and salinity stress conditions over all the two years. Interaction between treatments and genotype and interaction between genotypes and years were highly significant for all studied characters overall the two years and conditions, except plant height. Genotypes 13, 14 and Giza 168 showed the highest grain yield (ton/ha) under normal soil over two seasons, Also, genotypes 19, 20 and Giza 168 showed the highest grain yield (ton/ha) under salinity soil. The highest SSI value was detected for genotype 14, followed by genotypes 15 and 10 which had the highest values. Based on STI, MP and GMP indices, Giza 168, genotypes 19, 7 and 21 had the highest values. Grain yield under normal conditions (YP) was significantly and positively correlated with an STI, MP, GMP, TOL and SSPI.  Grain yield under salt-stressed (YS) was significantly and positively correlated with an STI, MP, GMP, YSI, YI and HM. These results suggest that indices, STI, MP and GMP were able to identify high-yielding wheat genotypes under both normal and salt-stressed conditions. Frist PC accounted for about 7.42% of the variation in salt tolerance indices and the second PC for 3.57% by using biplots genotypes 20, 19 and Giza 168 were identified as the most stable high yielding genotypes under salinity stress.
LOW-N TOLERANCE, N-USE EFFICIENCY AND RESPONSIVENESS OF 37 Chenopodium quinoa GENOTYPES UNDER ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZER CONDITIONS
Authors: AL-NAGGAR AHMED MEDHAT MOHAMED , ATTA MOHAMED MOHAMED , EL-MONEIM MAISA LOTFY ABD , AL-METWALLY MARIAM SABRY
Published: July 2023

Low nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate causes negative effects on quinoa productivity; such effects differ from genotype to genotype and from fertilizer type to another. The objectives of the present investigation were: (i) to assess the low-N stress tolerance index (STI) of 37 quinoa genotypes under organic and inorganic fertilizers, (ii) to estimate the superiority of tolerant (T) to sensitive (S) genotypes for studied traits and (iii) to identify high yielding, low-N tolerant, N-efficient and N-responsive genotypes under each fertilizer type. A two-year field experiment was conducted, using a split split-plot design with three replications. Main plots were devoted to two fertilizer types, namely organic (compost) and inorganic (ammonium nitrate), sub-plots to three N rates, namely LN (71.4), MN (142.8) and HN (214.2 kg N/ha), and sub sub-plots to 37 quinoa genotypes. Seed yield/ha (SYPH) of T genotypes was significantly (P≤0.01) superior to S genotypes by 308.8, 123.8, and 152.6 % under organic fertilizer and 100.6, 123.6, and 212.6 % under mineral fertilizer, for LN, MN, and LN, respectively. Superiority in SYPH was associated with significant (P≤0.01) superiority in seed yield/plant (SYPP) and its components, economic (NUEe) and biological (NUEb) N-use efficiency traits under both fertilizer types. Based on STI and seed yield under HN and LN, the genotypes Nat-1, R-103 and Sekam-Bitter, under LN and HN organic fertilizer, Misr1 Improved, R-103 and Giza-1 under LN mineral fertilizer and Agritec-Beige, Egyptian White and, CICA-17, under HN mineral fertilizer conditions, were the most N efficient, most low-N tolerant and the highest seed yielders under respective environments. These genotypes should be recommended to quinoa breeding programs to develop high-yielding varieties for growing under respective low-N as well as high-N organic and inorganic fertilizer conditions.
ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RAT
Authors: SAMIR DEROUICHE , OUISSAM BENMOUSSA
Published: July 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of polyherb (formulated by some plants) on physiological, biochemical alterations and oxidative stress induced by experimental diabetes in rats.

Materials and methods: Twenty female albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5); Control, Polyherb, diabetic rats and Diabetic rats treated with polyherb. All types of treatments were given to rats orally for 21 days.

Results: In vitro phytochemical analysis results revealed that polyherb contains phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and steroids. In vivo results, in diabetic group showed an alteration in lipid profile and biochemical parameters. While, results showed an increase in MDA level and a decrease in GSH and SOD levels compared to control. Moreover, the hematological parameters revealed that Diabetes induce a significant diminution (P<0.01) of RBC, MCV and HCT levels. In the other hand, histopathological analysis noted an alteration in pancreas tissues of diabetic rats group compared to control. However, treatment of Diabetic rats by Polyherb ensured a partial amelioration and correction of the previous parameters.

Conclusion: Use of Polyherb appears to be the dominant limited of development and complications of diabetes which can have a benefic effect against others diseases which oxidative stress plays an important role.
EFFICACY OF SOME NEW CHEMISTRY INSECTICIDES AGAINST THE CHICKPEA POD BORER (Helicoverpa armigera) [HUBNER]
Authors: AKHTAR MUHAMMAD , MAHMOOD MUHAMMAD TARIQ , KHALID MUHAMMAD JAHANZAIB , AMIN AMIR , ZAFAR MUHAMMAD NAEEM , AZIZ ALI , RASOOL IRFAN , QADEER ZESHAN
Published: July 2023

Helicoverpa armigera [Hubner] is the most devastating chickpea pest responsible for substantial yield loss. Productivity losses by gram pod borer range from 20 to 90 percent depending upon the severity of insect attack. The experiment involving five synthetic new chemistry insecticides viz; chlorantraniliprole 200 SC, spinosad 240 SC, flubendiamide 480 SC, lufenuron 50 EC and emamectin benzoate 1.9 % EC was carried out at Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallurkot (Pakistan) to determine their relative efficacy against larvae of H. armigera during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21. Results revealed that during 2019-20, T1 (chlorantraniliprole treated plots) showed least larval population of H.armigera i.e. 2.96, 2.06, 1.19 and 0.82 after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of sprays respectively. Similarly, minimum pod damage (4.3 %) and highest reduction in pod damage (76.11%) were recorded in T1 plots followed by T2 and T3. Likewise, during 2020-21 lowest number of H.armigera (2.56, 1.86, 1.02 and 0.53 after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of spray) and minimum pod damage (5.2) were recorded in T1. Data also revealed that the highest grain yield 1652 and 1710 kg ha-1 during first and second year respectively was also recorded in T1 (chlorantraniliprole treated plots). Therefore, chlorantraniliprole may be treated as most effective insecticide for the management of H. armigera.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOREST COVER AND CARBON STOCK CONCERNING CLIMATE CHANGE; A CASE STUDY OF MARGALLA HILLS NATIONAL PARK, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: KHAN SHAHID ALI , SALEEM AMIR
Published: July 2023

In the global carbon reserves, the forest is one of the central reserves. Humans face critical challenges with the intensification of ozone gases in the atmosphere. The study conducted in Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP), Islamabad capital territory, has analyzed environmental changes and carbon stock estimation. This area has multiple species types: Acacia Modesta, Quercus incana, Pinus roxburghii, Dodonaea viscosa, Olea ferruginea, Ziziphus mauritiana, etc. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology were used to illustrate Land use land cover (LULC), Contour, Slope, Aspect, and total Rainfall calculation.

LULC data of different years from 1997 to 2019 for every five years were analyzed. The analysis results showed that in Margalla Hills National Park, during the year 1997, total settlements were on about 145 hectares. Dense forest had an area of about 7262 ha, rocks were on about 5920 ha, barren land was about 2680 ha, and water bodies on about 38 ha By 2005, the Settlement area increased by about 877 ha in 8 years. While the increase noted in the dense forest was about 1000 ha. Findings reveal that water bodies in MHNP decreased by about 37 hectares. Furthermore, by 2010, the Settlement area was increased, and the areas of barren land and water bodies decreased. It is evaluated that during the year 1997 northeastern part of the study area had a higher amount of vegetation than the NDVI results. Whereas, within eight years, the same portion contains less vegetation. Rainfall results were analyzed for 2019, which shows that rainfall in MHNP increased. Sixty-seven species are enlisted in MHNP, and a detailed inventory was prepared for the first time. The study results can be helpful in the analysis of future impacts of these developments on the land cover and C stocks in the forest ecosystem.
A turizmus ökológiai szempontú fejlesztésének lehetőségei és területei
Authors: Dávid Lóránt
Published: July 2023

Napjainkban az egyre bővülő turizmus szektor és kapcsolódó ágazatai egyre nagyobb terhelést jelentenek a bennünket körülvevő földrajzi környezetre. A negatív környezeti hatásokat érzékelve jelentek meg azok a törekvések, amelyek a fenntarthatóság elveit és a felelősségteljes gondolkodásmódot alapul véve új típusú fejlesztési modellek megvalósítását tűzték ki célul. Az elméleti keretek átgondolása nyomán ma már bátrabban beszélhetünk turizmus-ökológiáról, amely természetes módon, a helyi természeti és társadalmi-kulturális erőforrásokra alapozva teszi lehetővé a vidéki térségek turizmusának eredményes fejlesztését.
Gyeprekonstrukció napraforgó- és gabonatáblák helyén alacsony diverzitású magkeverék vetésével
Authors: Valkó Orsolya , Vida Enikő , Kelemen András , Török Péter , Deák Balázs , Miglécz Tamás , Lengyel Szabolcs , Tóthmérész Béla
Published: July 2023

Vizsgálatunkban napraforgó- és gabonatáblák helyén végzett magvetéses gyeprekonstrukció sikerességét vizsgáltuk a Hortobágyi Nemzeti Park területén. Az alkalmazott magkeverékeket 2, illetve 3 évelő fűfaj magjai alkották (szik magkeverék: Festuca pseudovina, Poa angustifolia, lösz magkeverék: Festuca rupicola, Poa angustifolia, Bromus inermis). A gyepesítési program során az egykori szikes- (Achilleo setaceae - Festucetum pseudovinae) és löszgyepek (Salvio nemorosae - Festucetum rupicolae) helyreállítását tűztük ki célul. A gyepesített szántókat évente egyszer kaszálták. Tíz gyepesített szántón, szántónként négy darab 1 m2-es állandó kvadrátban, kaszálás előtt rögzítettük a növényfajok százalékos borítását. A kvadrátok közelében szántónként tíz földfelszín feletti fitomassza mintát vettünk 2006 és 2009 között minden év júniusában. Az alábbi kérdésekre kerestük a választ: (i) Milyen hatással van az alacsony diverzitású magkeverék vetése a rövid életű gyomok tömegességére? (ii) Milyen gyors a vetett fűfajokból álló évelő gyep kialakulása az alacsony diverzitású magkeverék vetését követően? (iii) Milyen hatással van a magvetés a korai stádiumokra jellemző növényközösségek fitomasszájára?A gyepesítést követő évben rövid életű gyomokból álló vegetáció jellemezte a gyepesített szántókat. Már a második évben létrejött egy zárt, vetett évelő fűfajok által dominált gyep és megindult a referencia gyepekre jellemző fajok betelepülése. A második és harmadik évben a gyomfajok borítása és fajszáma jelentősen csökkent. Számos gyepesített szántón azonban jelentős borítással volt jelen az évelő Cirsium arvense még a harmadik évben is. A vetett füvek fitomasszája és az avar mennyisége a gyepesítést követő harmadik évben szignifikánsan nagyobb volt, mint a gyepesítést követő évben. A kétszikűek fitomasszája az első évhez képest a harmadik évben szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt, ami főként a rövidéletű kétszikű gyomok visszaszorulásának köszönhető. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy az alacsony diverzitású magkeverékek vetése hatékony a rövid életű gyomok visszaszorításában. Azokban az esetekben, ahol a Cirsium arvense jelentős borítással fordul elő további, kiegészítő kezelések szükségesek az évelő gyom visszaszorításához (évi többszöri kaszálás, korai kaszálás).
A Velencei-tó úszólápi füzes-nádas komplex vízkémiai vizsgálata
Authors: Besnyői Vera , Illyés Zoltán
Published: July 2023

A Velencei-tó hazánk egyik legnagyobb tava és kiemelt turisztikai célpontja. Érdekes természeti adottsága, hogy az alapvetően szikes (magas sótartalmú) víztér a tó nyugati térségében egy lápi vegetációt rejteget, ahol lápi körülmények között számos védett növényfaj találja meg életfeltételeit. Itt találjuk pl. a fokozottan védett hagymaburok (Liparis loeselii) legnagyobb hazai állományát. Az elmúlt ötven évben igen sok természeti viszontagság és műszaki beavatkozás alakította a tó ökológiai állapotát. Munkánk célja a nyugati medence vegetációjának és vízkémiai (pH és vezetőképesség) állapotának felmérése és a harminc évvel ezelőtti adatokkal való összehasonlító elemzése volt. Végeztünk méréseket az úszólápok belsejében kialakult tőzegfelszínen is, hogy annak vízminőség-javító vagy kompenzáló szerepéről és a szikes víztérrel szemben meglévő önállóságának mértékéről tájékozódjunk. Megállapítható, hogy a harminc évvel ezelőtt mért vezetőképesség és pH adatokhoz képest ma a tó nyílt víztereiben (beleértve a nagyobb csatornákat is) magasabb értékek adódtak. A keleti medence és a csatornák szikes vizéhez képest az úszólápra lépve igen gyors a változás a vízminőségi paraméterek értékeiben. Ennek megfelelően az úszóláp egy egységesen savanyúbb környezetet tud fenntartani az élővilága számára a tőzegréteg szűrőhatásának köszönhetően. Ezt még a tározókból történő időszakos vízutánpótlás is csak kismértékben bolygatja meg.
A világ természetvédelmének története 1956 és 1960 között (védett területek alapítása)
Authors: Centeri Csaba
Published: July 2023

A védett területek alapításának történetét az 1956 és 1960 között eltelt öt év áttekintésével folytatjuk. A cikkben közölt minden adat az IUCN kategóriarendszerébe sorolt védett területekre vonatkozik. Az IUCN adatbázisa szerint a legtöbb területet Észtország alapította, melyek mindegyike védett természeti emlék volt. A területek többsége a III-as IUCN kategóriába tartozik (nemzeti emlékmű), de 107 különböző nemzeti kategóriával is találkozhatunk a kijelölt területek között. Magyarországról 12 védett természeti terület került fel az IUCN listájára, melyek mindegyike a természetvédelmi terület kategóriába tartozik. Megállapíthatjuk, hogy az előző öt évhez képest 1956 és 1960 között ismét növekedett az alapított védett területek száma, míg az előző öt évben 791-et, addig 1956 és 1960 között 1553-at alapítottak.
Magyarországi vörösagyagok, vörös talajok
Authors: Fekete József
Published: July 2023

Magyarország dombos, hegyes vidékein gyakran találhatók vörös színű, vörösbarna talajok, vörösföldek. Esetenként messziről szembetűnnek, mint például a csopaki szőlők talajai, s vannak helyek, ahol csak közelebbről ismerhetők fel, mint például az erdővel borított hegy- és dombvidéki erdőkben, sőt a sűrű növényzettel borított területeken észre sem vesszük, csupán céltudatos keresés közben bukkanunk rájuk.A szakirodalomban közöltek szerint a vörös talajok, ezen belül a vörösagyagok között igen nagy különbségek vannak, mind a képződési körülményeket, mind tulajdonságaikat illetően. A magyarországi vörös talajoknak, vörösagyagoknak témakörét még összetettebbé teszi, hogy egyes vörösagyagos területek a lemeztektonika és a kéregmozgások hatására változtatták helyüket és változtak az éghajlati viszonyok is. Tehát egyáltalán nem bizonyos, hogy a vörösagyag az egyenlítőhöz viszonyítva ugyanolyan távolságra keletkezett, mint amilyen messze ma fekszik.A magyarországi vörösagyagok genetikájukban, fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságaikban nagymértékben különböznek a többi hazai talajtípustól és a külföldön előforduló vörös talajoktól is. Eltérő tulajdonságaik vagy hasonló sajátságaik pontosabb megismeréséhez, okainak tisztázásához kívánunk munkánkkal hozzájárulni, amivel gazdasági értékeiket is jobban megismerjük.
Sustainable utilisation of the River Ipel basin
Authors: Izakovičová Zita , Oszlányi Július
Published: July 2023

The study evaluates the territory River Ipel Basin in terms of sustainable development. The main objective is to define the existing landscape-ecological and environmental problems, to design measures for elimination of those problems and/or to prevent new problems. The ultimate goal of the effort is to achieve such management practices that are in harmony with the potential of the area in the highest possible extent. The basic principles applied in landscape-ecological optimising of landscape organisation include protection of nature, biodiversity and landscape stability, protection of natural resources including water, soil, air/atmosphere, forests, etc., protection of cultural-historical resources, including protection of cultural monuments, protection of historical landscape structures, etc., and environmental protection.
Alcance de la Conciencia Ambiental en Estudiantes de Educación Básica Elemental
Authors: Alonzo Rafael M , Niño Yanexi L
Published: July 2023

La contaminación ambiental a través del pasar del tiempo se ha convertido en un fenómeno que continúa afectando el bienestar y calidad de vida de los seres humanos, porque es muy común observar en la actualidad en los contextos sociales con mayor concentración humana, un notorio auge de los diferentes tipos de contaminación promovidos por los grandes sectores industriales y la falta de conciencia ambiental en los diferentes lugares.  Ante lo planteado, desde el campo de estudio de la educación es importante mostrar que la presente investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de analizar el alcance de la conciencia ambiental en estudiantes de educación básica elemental.  Siendo un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y tipo de investigación de campo, fue desarrollado con la participación de 112 estudiantes de segundo, tercero y cuarto grado de educación básica elemental, a quienes se les aplicó la técnica de la encuesta. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que el 79,5% indicó que en la escuela les han enseñado a ser respetuoso con el ambiente, el 42,9% de los escolares reconoció que sí han desarrollado huertos escolares. Sin embargo, un grupo representativo del 64,3% manifestó dejar la basura donde sea o en cualquier lugar. En conclusión, la educación y aplicación de procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje significativos son muy necesarios para promover una necesaria conciencia ambiental en una población infantil que en el presente y el futuro se seguirá enfrentando a una contaminación ambiental por la falta de un verdadero desarrollo sostenible.
8 - Searching for Balance but Finding Guilt A Story of Academic Mothers in South Africa
Authors: Venitha Pillay
Published: July 2023

This article draws on the data from a larger ethnographic study which tracked the lives of three academics who had just become mothers. In it, I respond to the question I have repeatedly encountered, in a variety of forms: How can I be an academic and a mother without going insane? Two linked thematic issues emerge from the data: (a) the search for balance between academic work and motherhood is elusive; and (b) academic mothers are torn apart by guilt. In using Grosz’s idea that feminists need to consistently critique and construct, I make a case for academic mothers seeking to ‘let go’ in order to ‘let in’ more liberatory ways of being ‘academic’ and ‘mother’. I argue too that Grosz’s idea should be extended to include ways of destructing paralysing notions of what it means to be an academic and a mother, simultaneously.