Potential of detailed geomorphological mapping for the study of Holocene glacier chronologies: Mueller Glacier, Southern Alps/New Zealand
Authors: Winkler Stefan 
Published: March 2022

&lt;p&gt;The investigation of Holocene glacier chronologies has been recognised as a key element of research on mountain glaciations in the light of current global change. They can be utilised as high-resolution palaeoclimatic archives for the immediate and more distant geological past. During the past few decades considerable progress has been achieved, in particular due to substantial improvements of the ability to accurately date glacial landforms such as terminal moraines essential for reconstructing past glacier margins and subsequent analysis of glacier advance/retreat periods. The Southern Alps of New Zealand are among the few suitable regions for the investigation of Holocene glacier chronologies in the mid-latitudinal Southern Hemisphere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since early studies of Holocene glacier chronologies in the mid-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, mapping of the investigated glacier forelands has been an integrated part of almost all scientific approaches regardless of the individual dating methods applied. These mapping attempts serve the identification and positioning of certain glacial or glaciofluvial landforms and allow the reconstruction of former glacier margins. They frequently also provide information on the location of sample sites selected for subsequent dating. If detailed geomorphological mapping schemes are in use, such maps additionally support the interpretation of any chronological data by identifying the genetic origin of any landform investigated. This enables the latter to be causally related to different dynamic stages of the glacier. Additionally, such maps may highlight potential uncertainties such as postdepositional disturbance or unclear morphodynamic connections between landforms and the glacier.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reviewing recent publications it seems, however, that some appraisal of such detailed geomorphological mapping is often traded-off against the impressive progress with up-to-date dating techniques and high-resolution digital elevation models or satellite/aerial imagery. Unfortunately, the latter do neither qualify as geomorphological maps &lt;em&gt;per se&lt;/em&gt; nor fully serve the abovementioned purpose. The widespread applied common GIS software has, furthermore, limitations with respect to its graphic capabilities and unintentionally entails negligence of established and well-suited signatures or geomorphological mapping schemes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A detailed geomorphological map of the glacier foreland of Mueller Glacier, Southern Alps/New Zealand will be presented. It follows an established geomorphological mapping scheme (&quot;GMK 25&quot;) that has been adequately modified to fit both purpose and selected scale. Despite several glacier chronological studies have been conducted on this glacier foreland and the site is considered a regional 'key site', this map constitutes the first of its kind. The detailed geomorphological map is utilised to assess discrepancies among existing chronologies by reviewing the morphometric properties and genetic origin of those landforms that have been dated. It reveals that potential postdepositional modification of some landforms investigated had not been appropriately considered with certain previous studies. As a result, the evidence for some glacier advances needs to be classified as 'weak'.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Summarising, detailed geomorphological mapping is still essential for the study of Holocene glacier chronologies and should not lose its prominent position - or even disappear.&lt;/p&gt;