bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precisely Controlled Integration of Multiple Metal Cations in Diverse Metal‐Organic Framework Topologies via Messenger Building Unit Approach
Authors: López‐García Clara , Skorynina Alina A. , Esteban‐Betegón Fátima , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Iglesias Marta , Monge M. Angeles , Gutiérrez‐Puebla Enrique , Gándara Felipe
Published: February 2025

Achieving precisely controlled multimetal configurations in the structure of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) through one‐pot reactions remains a synthetic challenge. The use of heterometallic molecular clusters as messenger building units (mBUs) is recently reported as a feasible approach to address this issue in the formation of MOFs with sra topology. Herein, the successful expansion of this approach is reported to achieve MOFs with distinct topologies through the use of linkers with different connectivities, such as the tritopic 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) and the tetratopic tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, (H6TCPP). The reaction of Ga7M mBU (M = Ni, Co) with H3BTB and H6TCPP yields porous MOFs Ga2M‐BTB and Ga7M‐TCPP, with sit and fry topology, respectively. The MOFs incorporate the initially selected metal combinations in their inorganic secondary building units, as demonstrated by the use of X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy, and gas sorption techniques. It is also shown that alginate‐based bead shaped composites can be formed with Ga7M‐TCPP MOFs, and are efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts, as demonstrated with their use in the aza‐Henry reaction, showing improvements in activity and selectivity as compared with single‐metal analogues.
Tracing Service Request Processing in Cloud
Authors: Zhao Yinqin , Liu Chang , Yu Tao , Wang Long , Shi Xuanqing , Yang Yong , Li Ying , Wang Zhengang , Shangguan Dongdong
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, more and more IT services are being hosted on cloud systems, which render cloud systems to grow into a huge complex with millions of physical servers, multi‐layer software stacks and the processing of cloud service requests across many servers and software layers. It is highly demanded for cloud service providers to have the capability of getting the knowledge on cloud service behaviour directly from the service execution instead of from people's expertise. This paper studies the problem of tracing cloud service's processing of requests across components in cloud environments and proposes cloud tracing mechanisms for this purpose. We also developed model‐based studies of our proposed mechanisms for analysing certain designs of the mechanisms. The implementation of the proposed cloud tracing is deployed onto the environments of OpenStack, Kubernetes and Hadoop, and the experiments on these environments demonstrate that our mechanisms effectively trace cloud service behaviour and generate a single complete request execution path, while without our mechanisms the cloud tracing either fails to work or results in thousands of path segments. Our mechanisms have a low performance overhead (2.3%) in the experiments.
Framing the Riviera: Touristic Performances and Photography in Contemporary Cascais, Portugal
Authors: Silva Eduardo , Ferro Lígia
Published: February 2025

As a touristic space, Cascais is an important site to pinpoint the development of tourism in Portugal—particularly, seaside
tourism. In turn, this social phenomenon has deeply shaped the imaginary of this town and its physical and human landscapes. And so, situated touristic performances were analysed considering how tourists are using and consuming sphotography as part of their embodied experiences in Cascais, thus seeking to shed light on the touristification process of
this town’s shoreline in a broader socio-historical context.
Contextualizing microplastic pollution in different river habitats through rapid habitat assessment in South Africa
Authors: Dahms Heinrich Theodor Jacob , Greenfield Richard
Published: February 2025

There has been a notable increase in research into microplastics in rivers over the last decade. However, no clear or concise standardized monitoring method exists for the sampling of microplastics in rivers. Many guidelines exist for the sampling and analysis of microplastics from rivers, but researchers continue to use methods and tools that may contaminate samples, such as plankton nets, or collect and filter bulk water samples with differing volumes and numbers of replicates. This can result in the same river system being shown to have notably varying levels of microplastics between sites. The aim of this study was to determine microplastic abundances in water and sediment, together with a critical evaluation of the sampling sites, to ascertain which environmental factors impacted microplastic distribution. This was achieved by applying the rapid habitat assessment method and simultaneously sampling microplastics. The results indicated that factors such as water velocity, physical obstructions to water flow and, most importantly, discharge, can change the context of a site with respect to its microplastic content, which can impact niche-specific organisms. The results were used to develop a new measurement unit, the microplastic discharge unit. The MDU provides a contextualized representation of the microplastics moving through a river, and can be used as an indicator of microplastic pollution at a site and its impact on biota. The results will be used further to produce a guide for the accurate sampling of microplastics in rivers.
Coupling between landward and seaward fringes of sandy beaches: algal deposits on the upper beach influence biogeochemistry and faunal assemblages in the swash zone
Authors: Lastra M , De Pablo L , López J , Soliño F , Schlacher TA
Published: February 2025

Energy subsidies from the sea typically underpin ocean-exposed sandy beach ecosystems. Strandings of detached macroalgae – ‘wrack’ – can be a spectacular form of such cross-ecosystem transfers of organic matter that sustain consumers in the recipient shore system; this has given rise to a model of wrack promoting the diversity and abundance of invertebrates, with scaling effects on upper trophic levels.

However, most wrack is often wave-cast to the upper beach, whereas a distinct part of the shore fauna is limited to the ocean fringe of beaches – the ‘swash zone’. This has the potential to create a spatial asymmetry between the location of subsidies (concentrated at the landwards fringe) and the location of some of the putative recipients distributed at the ocean fringe.

Here, we tested whether the fauna of the swash zone can benefit from wrack subsidies, by sampling fauna and algal deposits on a range of beaches in NW Spain. We also measured the potential functional link between algal wrack and nutrients released from wrack during decay.

Wrack decay increased nutrient concentrations, and it is the combination of wrack cover, nutrient levels, and sediment coarseness that jointly drove variation in the assemblage structure of the swash fauna among beaches. Similarly, the density of the swash fauna and species richness increased markedly at higher nutrient levels and wrack cover.

Filter feeders were an important compartment in the food web of the swash macrofauna; we hypothesize that wrack deposits in the upper beach enhance food availability for this trophic guild via increasing nutrients in the water column, stimulating primary production and providing particulate organic matter derived from algal decay. Besides, several polychaetes and peracarid species function as secondary consumers and detritus feeders that plausibly benefit, directly or indirectly, on the particulate organic matter that accumulates on the sediment surface or percolates into the interstitial environment.

These findings expand the ‘wrack enhancement’ model to include the promotion of consumers at the ocean edge of sandy shores; it also contains a cross-shore linkage via decomposition processes that favourably change the nutrient regime across all the beach face and thereby couple the swash zone with the upper strandline.
Discovery of the Ligament of Modiolus: Anatomical Insights and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Wan Jovian , Yoon Song-Eun , Cartier Hugues , Garson Sebastien , Jitaree Benrita , Kim Soo-Bin
Published: February 2025

The modiolus is a critical anatomical structure in facial expressions and oral competence, serving as a hub where multiple muscles converge. Our recent cadaveric study has identified a previously unreported structure, the ligament of modiolus, aligning with the line of ligament between the modiolus and its adjacent muscular and fascial attachments. This novel finding offers new perspectives on the anatomical organisation of the perioral region and its functional significance. Importantly, it has been identified as a false ligament rather than a true ligament, originating from the modiolus and extending to the dermal layer. The discovery has potential implications for aesthetic and reconstructive procedures involving the midface and oral commissures. Here, we present our findings and discuss their relevance to facial anatomy, surgical approaches, and clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors  www.springer.com/00266.
Multiple plan approach for a dynamic dial-a-ride problem
Authors: Ackermann Christian , Rieck Julia
Published: February 2025

In densely populated areas, ridepooling services are becoming more and more popular and can contribute to promote sustainable mobility concepts. In this paper, we study a dynamic dial-a-ride problem and propose a novel two-phase multiple plan approach. By maintaining multiple plans simultaneously over the course of the optimization procedure, we increase the likelihood and speed of a successful insertion for dynamically arising customer requests. Additionally, we present a new metric to replace the commonly used distance minimization as guidance within the optimization procedure. In order to examine the impact of certain instance characteristics on the quality of the solutions, we evaluate our design decisions on various instance sets. The results show that the proposed method consistently outperforms commonly used single plan approaches.
Medical management of cerebellar mutism syndrome at a quaternary children’s hospital
Authors: Xu Emily , Zhang Emily , Park Kristen , Ayub Mahaa , Zhao Chao , Huh Jimmy W. , King J. Michael , Paltin Iris , Shah Amish C. , Storm Phillip B. , Tucker Alexander , Madsen Peter J. , Lang Shih-Shan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients who underwent a posterior fossa tumor resection between May 2007 to September 2022 at a single quaternary pediatric hospital. We evaluated clinical presentation and hospital course, including imaging findings, pathology, and surgical approaches. Propensity score matching was used to compare the symptom duration of patients who received SSRIs versus those who did not.

Results

A total of 292 patients met the criteria with 25% (n = 73) being diagnosed with CMS. Several factors were significantly associated with a CMS diagnosis, such as pre-operative hydrocephalus (p = 0.002), a vermis-splitting approach (p = 0.007), tumor in the fourth ventricle (p = 0.010), medulloblastoma diagnosis (p = 0.009), and postoperative complication (p < 0.001). Of the patients diagnosed with CMS, 32.9% (n = 24) received SSRI treatment, specifically fluoxetine (n = 18) and sertraline (n = 6). Overall, treatment did not decrease the duration of CMS symptoms or shorten the inpatient rehab course compared to matched controls. However, within the cohort of fluoxetine-treated patients, earlier initiation of medication was significantly correlated with a shorter duration of mutism (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

We report the largest cohort of CMS patients treated with SSRIs. The lack of overall clinical benefit when compared to untreated patients in our study may be due to the length of delay in starting an SSRI, since early initiation of fluoxetine correlated with shorter CMS symptoms. These results support the importance of early clinical detection of CMS and potentially treating CMS early in the patient’s postoperative course.
Moving toward a better understanding of renal lymphatics: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Zhong Jianyong , Liu Jing , Mutchler Ashley L. , Yang Haichun , Kirabo Annet , Shelton Elaine L. , Kon Valentina
Published: February 2025

The development of lymphatic-specific markers has enabled detailed visualization of the lymphatic vascular network that has greatly enhanced our ability to explore this often-overlooked system. Lymphatics remove fluid, solutes, macromolecules, and cells from the interstitium and return them to circulation. The kidneys have lymphatics. As in other organs, the kidney lymphatic vessels are highly sensitive to changes in the local microenvironment. The sensitivity to its milieu may be especially relevant in kidneys because they are central in regulating fluid homeostasis and clearance of metabolites delivered into and eliminated from the renal interstitial compartment. Numerous physiologic conditions and diseases modify the renal interstitial volume, pressure, and composition that can, in turn, influence the growth and function of the renal lymphatics. The impact of the renal microenvironment is further heightened by the fact that kidneys are encapsulated. This review considers the development, structure, and function of the renal lymphatic vessels and explores how factors within the kidney interstitial compartment modify their structure and functionality. Moreover, although currently there are no pharmaceutical agents that specifically target the lymphatic network, we highlight several medications currently used in children with kidney disease and hypertension that have significant but underappreciated effects on lymphatics.

Graphical abstract
Photovoltaic power one-day and multistep-hourly AI predictions using node-by-node evolved binomial tree structures to form L-transformed PDE modules
Authors: Zjavka Ladislav
Published: February 2025

Photovoltaic (PV) power is generated by two common types of solar components that are primarily affected by fluctuations and development in cloud structures as a result of uncertain and chaotic processes. Local PV forecasting is unavoidable in supply and load planning necessary in integration of smart systems into electrical grids. Intra- or day-ahead modelling of weather patterns based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows one to refine available 24 h. cloudiness forecast or predict PV production at a particular plant location during the day. AI usually gets an adequate prediction quality in shorter-level horizons, using the historical meteo- and PV record series as compared to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems. NWP models are produced every 6 h to simulate grid motion of local cloudiness, which is additionally delayed and usually scaled in a rough less operational applicability. Differential Neural Network (DNN) is based on a newly developed neurocomputing strategy that allows the representation of complex weather patterns analogous to NWP. DNN parses the n-variable linear Partial Differential Equation (PDE), which describes the ground-level patterns, into sub-PDE modules of a determined order at each node. Their derivatives are substituted by the Laplace transforms and solved using adapted inverse operations of Operation Calculus (OC). DNN fuses OC mathematics with neural computing in evolution 2-input node structures to form sum modules of selected PDEs added step-by-step to the expanded composite model. The AI multi- 1…9-h and one-stage 24-h models were evolved using spatio-temporal data in the preidentified daily learning sequences according to the applied input–output data delay to predict the Clear Sky Index (CSI). The prediction results of both statistical schemes were evaluated to assess the performance of the AI models. Intraday models obtain slightly better prediction accuracy in average errors compared to those applied in the second-day-ahead evening approach. However, the first-morning strategy application includes a much more complicated and time-consuming procedure, so in conclusion, the second one-mode series processing could be recommended. Model statistics are generally more successful than NWP data processing due to limitations, delays, and unavailability of free radiation or cloudiness forecasts in the systems. An all-day model enables the prediction of complete PVP periods in sequenced computing with acceptable operational quality in the late afternoon, which is inevitable in day-ahead management and load scheduling in smart grids based on PV energy.
Hardware-in-the-Loop testing for low-inertia grids
Authors: Goeke Felix , Hohmann Julian , Palaniappan Rajkumar , Rehtanz Christian
Published: February 2025

Extensive testing of various control algorithms using comprehensive testing frameworks enables us to assess their effectiveness in managing system dynamics and maintaining grid stability. In order to validate the algorithms in the real world, testing of the developed applications in an empirical laboratory environment is essential and the testing parameters in the laboratory have to closely resemble real-world conditions. The fundamental aspect of such testing is to monitor and analyze the dynamics and interaction between the various components in synchronous mode, thereby assessing the system’s ability to operate the grid without violations. The experimental test setup and script-based testing explained in this paper helps to develop innovative control algorithms, with a key focus on medium voltage and low voltage grids with low rotating masses. The test platform makes extended use of a Typhoon Real-Time Simulator (RTS). Firstly, it is used for the simulation of the distributed energy resources and the overlying distribution grid as well as the implementation of control algorithms. Secondly, the RTS acts as a control and SCADA system for the whole testing platform. While the physical components provide measurements in regular intervals, the control algorithms and the energy management system are implemented directly in the Typhoon platform. The data acquisition is performed either via programmable logic controllers for the nodal measurements or through faster measurements such as current transformers. This ensures that the developed algorithms are empirically tested and optimized in close to real-world conditions. The control algorithms provide the set points for the individual components, and the results show the advantages of script-based testing in HIL testing to ensure deterministic and reliable operation of innovative grid components.
A new technique: endoscopic transmass odontoidotomy
Authors: Bozkurt Ismail , Unsal Ulkun Unlu , Senturk Salim , Ozer Ali Fahir
Published: February 2025

Background & objectives

Basilar invagination (BI) represents a complex anomaly of the craniovertebral junction, characterized by the displacement of the odontoid process towards the foramen magnum. Current surgical interventions include anterior decompression and combined anterior-posterior decompression with posterior fusion. Traditional methods for odontoid resection encompass transoral, transnasal, and endonasal approaches. However, these techniques are fraught with significant risks. Furthermore, the restricted exposure provided by the endonasal corridor’s anatomical limitations hampers surgical manipulation, prompting spine surgeons to seek alternative techniques. This report details a case of BI managed through an endoscopic posterolateral odontoidotomy, showcasing an innovative surgical approach. We aim to describe our experience in partially removing the odontoid via posterolateral approach with a novel endoscopic technique, preventing the need for additional approach and related complications.

Methods

A 16-year-old male patient presented with complaints of imbalance and difficulty swallowing. Clinical examination revealed upper extremity muscle weakness, ataxic gait, and dysphagia. Upon the diagnosis of BI, a posterior occipito-cervical fusion was performed. However, six months postoperatively, the patient returned with exacerbated symptoms. During the subsequent surgical intervention, the odontoid body was resected using a posterolateral transmass endoscopic approach. Due to the patient’s neck and shoulder anatomy, cranial angulation of the endoscope was restricted, necessitating the retention of the odontoid tip.

Results

Post-operative CT revealed that the tip was closer to the base and a subarachnoid space was formed. Follow-up CT after a year showed a complete migration of the tip to the base of C2 with a clear decompression of the brainstem.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that partial or total resection of the odontoid process via a posterolateral approach is feasible using endoscopic techniques. The endoscopic posterolateral transmass odontoidotomy should be considered a viable alternative method and route for patients necessitating partial or total odontoidectomy.
TGG1 and TGG2 mutations impair allyl isothiocyanate-mediated stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Oumaima Kadri , Hossain Mohammad Shakhawat , Ye Wenxiu , Okuma Eiji , Issak Mohammad , Islam Mohammad Mahbub , Uraji Misugi , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Mori Izumi C. , Munemasa Shintaro , Murata Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2025

Myrosinase, referred to as thioglucoside glucohydrolase (TGG), plays a crucial role in plant physiology through catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates into bioactive isothiocyanates. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the myrosinases TGG1 and TGG2 are essential for abscisic acid- and methyl jasmonate-induced stomata closure. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), one of myrosinase products, triggers stomatal closure in A. thaliana. We investigated stomatal responses to AITC to clarify the role of TGG1 and TGG2 in Arabidopsis guard-cell signaling. Allyl isothiocyanate at 50 μM and 100 μM induced stomatal closure in the tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants but not in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. Furthermore, AITC at 50 μM induced the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, cytosolic alkalization, and oscillations in cytosolic free calcium concentration in guard cells of both wild-type and mutant plants. These findings suggest that TGG1 and TGG2 are involved in AITC signaling pathway through interaction with signal component(s) downstream of these signaling events, which is not accompanied by hydrolysis of glucosinolates because of the difference in subcellular localization between enzymes (myrosinases) and substrates (glucosinolates).
Measuring Implementation Outcomes Change Over Time Using an Adapted Checklist for Assessing Readiness to Implement (CARI)
Authors: Bourdeau Beth , Guzé Mary A. , Rebchook Greg M. , Shade Starley B. , Psihopaidas Demetrios , Chavis Nicole S. , Myers Janet J.
Published: February 2025

In 2017, the Health Resources and Services Administration’s HIV/AIDS Bureau funded an Evaluation Center (EC) to assess the rapid implementation of 11 evidence-informed interventions at 25 HIV care and treatment providers across the U.S. The EC conducted an implementation science-based evaluation, including longitudinal assessment of implementation outcomes as defined by Implementation Outcome Framework (IOF) of the Conceptual Model for Implementation Research. The EC adapted a measure originally designed for implementation readiness to capture seven implementation outcomes and administered the measure to site leadership every six months, from intervention launch through the end of the initiative. The adapted measure demonstrated adequate internal consistency within and across time periods. Individual outcomes changed over the course of implementation, with the greatest period of growth during the first six months. Longitudinal relationships between outcomes posited to be most relevant at early, mid- or late-implementation were not evident in these analyses; rather, relationships between the outcomes were significant within time periods. Finally, there were differences in the trajectory of outcomes based on characteristics of the site’s larger context. The use of this adapted measure across multiple implementation settings, assessing multiple interventions, is an important step forward in the comparability of implementation outcomes more broadly.
Socio-ecological Determinants of Detectable Viremia among Pregnant People Living with HIV in South Brazil: The Role of Stimulant Use Disorder and Homelessness
Authors: Hernandez Christopher Justin , Echegaray Fernando , Sundar Kavya , Yang Lanbo Z. , Cambou Mary Catherine , Segura Eddy R. , de Melo Marineide Gonçalves , Santos Breno Riegel , Varella Ivana Rosângela dos Santos , Nielsen-Saines Karin
Published: February 2025

Pregnant patients living with HIV are a priority group for the recruitment into the HIV healthcare cascade to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Understanding the structural, interpersonal, and individual factors that are associated with detectable HIV viremia is of importance to guide outreach and intervention priorities. This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients living with HIV who delivered from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2023, at a tertiary-level hospital and referral institution for HIV care in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The socio-ecological model was used to guide hypothesis testing regarding associations with detectable viremia. In total, 549 patients were included, of whom 110 (20%) were found to have detectable viremia. Significant differences between detectable and undetectable viremia included prenatal care, homelessness, having a sero-different partner, and stimulant use. Multivariable associations included prenatal care (adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR] = 0.20, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 0.15–0.26), homelessness (aRR = 4.02, 95% CI = 2.74–0.26), stimulant use disorder (aRR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.23–4.87), crack use (aRR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.85–4.29), and cocaine use (aRR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.17–3.06). Intervention research should focus on housing and mental health services, and how to mitigate their impact on HIV healthcare. Intervention research is greatly needed as current tools may not be sufficient to tackle the issue of stimulant use disorder and its effects on ART adherence.
Compartmentalization and the Role of Polyphony in Moral Dialogue
Authors: Turunen Taija , Lundgren-Henriksson Eva-Lena
Published: February 2025

Existing research on identity compartmentalization highlights concerns about moral (ir)responsibility arising from the incomplete integration of multiple role identities necessary for exercising full moral agency. Our study examines the (non)recognition of otherness by managers in morally ambiguous situations during industry-level changes. We adopt a dialogue-based approach, inspired by Bakhtin, and Ricoeur, to analyze compartmentalization from the perspective of polyphonic dialogue. Through an analysis of 61 interviews across four distinct change contexts, we identify five dialogue dynamics that either hinder or facilitate the recognition of alternative moral perspectives, shaping the formation of moral polyphony. We contribute to current understandings of compartmentalization by emphasizing its dialogical and fluid nature, the generative potential of division, and the role of conflicting moral convictions in change situations, as an ideal context for fostering moral polyphony.
The Relationships Between Adolescent Anxiety Sensitivity, Parent Emotional Availability, and Gender in the Context of Adolescent Anxiety
Authors: Kramer Lauren , Francis Sarah
Published: February 2025

Anxiety disorders often onset in adolescence and continue into adulthood. Multiple factors contribute to anxiety disorder development, such as parent emotional availability (EA) and adolescent anxiety sensitivity (AS). Previous research determined attachment is a similar construct to EA, and attachment is related to anxiety disorders. Moreover, EA is a more specific construct than attachment that can be targeted in therapy. It has been determined that adolescent attachment to parental figures contributes to anxiety, with AS mediating this relationship. The present research sought to determine if AS is one mechanism underlying the relationship between parent EA and adolescent anxiety, while exploring the moderating roles of parent and adolescent gender. In a Midwestern sample (13–19 years old), this study examined adolescent AS as a mediator of the relationship between perceived parent EA and adolescent anxiety, and gender as a potential moderator. Self-report data were collected from adolescents via Qualtrics. The findings supported the mechanism of adolescent AS as a mediator between perceived parent EA and adolescent anxiety. As AS emerges during adolescence, it is a pertinent treatment target for youth anxiety. Furthermore, this study underscores the significance of parent and adolescent gender and parental EA as treatment targets for adolescent anxiety. While targeting adolescent AS and enhancing parental EA can be beneficial for both male and female adolescents, focusing on parental EA may offer greater benefits for male adolescents. In sum, these findings can increase the efficacy of current parenting programs and further increase treatment outcomes for youth and families.
Microclimate temperature effects propagate across scales in forest ecosystems
Authors: Braziunas Kristin H. , Rammer Werner , De Frenne Pieter , Díaz-Calafat Joan , Hedwall Per-Ola , Senf Cornelius , Thom Dominik , Zellweger Florian , Seidl Rupert
Published: February 2025

Context

Forest canopies shape subcanopy environments, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Empirical forest microclimate studies are often restricted to local scales and short-term effects, but forest dynamics unfold at landscape scales and over long time periods.

Objectives

We developed the first explicit and dynamic implementation of microclimate temperature buffering in a forest landscape model and investigated effects on simulated forest dynamics and outcomes.

Methods

We adapted the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model iLand to use microclimate temperature for three processes [decomposition, bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) development, and tree seedling establishment]. We simulated forest dynamics with or without microclimate temperature buffering in a temperate European mountain landscape under historical climate and disturbance conditions.

Results

Temperature buffering effects propagated from local to landscape scales. After 1,000 simulation years, average total carbon and cumulative net ecosystem productivity were 2% and 21% higher, respectively, and tree species composition differed in simulations including versus excluding microclimate buffering. When microclimate buffering was included, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) increased by 9% and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) decreased by 12% in mean basal area share. Some effects were amplified across scales, such as a mean 16% decrease in local-scale bark beetle development rates resulting in a mean 45% decrease in landscape-scale bark beetle-caused mortality.

Conclusions

Microclimate effects on forests scaled nonlinearly from stand to landscape and days to millennia, underlining the utility of complex simulation models for dynamic upscaling in space and time. Microclimate temperature buffering can alter forest dynamics at landscape scales.
Lorentzian bordisms in algebraic quantum field theory
Authors: Bunk Severin , MacManus James , Schenkel Alexander
Published: February 2025

It is shown that every algebraic quantum field theory has an underlying functorial field theory which is defined on a suitable globally hyperbolic Lorentzian bordism pseudo-category. This means that globally hyperbolic Lorentzian bordisms between Cauchy surfaces arise naturally in the context of algebraic quantum field theory. The underlying functorial field theory encodes the time evolution of the original theory, but not its spatially local structure. As an illustrative application of these results, the algebraic and functorial descriptions of a free scalar quantum field are compared in detail.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Canadian municipal wastewater and biosolids: occurrence, fate, and time trends 2010–2013 to 2022
Authors: Gewurtz Sarah B. , Auyeung Alexandra S. , Teslic Steven , Smyth Shirley Anne
Published: February 2025

The concentrations of 135 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were determined in raw influent, final effluent, and treated biosolids at Canadian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to evaluate the fate of PPCPs through liquid and solids trains of typical treatment types used in Canada and to assess changes in PPCP concentrations in wastewater matrices between 2010–2013 and 2022. PPCPs dominant in influent and effluent included the antidiabetic metformin, analgesics/anti-inflammatories (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen), caffeine and its metabolite (1,7 − dimethylxanthine), theophylline (a bronchodilator and metabolite of caffeine), an insect repellent (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, DEET), and iopamidol (a contrast media for X-rays). PPCPs dominant in biosolids differed from those in influent/effluent and included antibiotics (fluoroquinolones and doxycycline), antidepressants (sertraline, citalopram, and amitriptyline), a preservative and antimicrobial agent (triclosan), an antihistamine (diphenhydramine), and an antifungal (clotrimazole). These elevated concentrations in influent/effluent and biosolids reflected their use in Canadian communities. PPCPs dominant in influent/effluent had relatively low hydrophobicity whereas those in biosolids tended to be more hydrophobic, or electrostatic forces governed their sorption. Higher removal of PPCPs was generally observed at WWTPs that used biological treatment compared to primary physical/chemical treatment. PPCP concentration changes in wastewater matrices between 2010–2013 and 2022 were influenced by risk management measures, warnings, the development of new pharmaceuticals, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors. These time trends reflected the limited information available on PPCP use in Canada. Continued periodic monitoring of PPCPs is recommended to fill data gaps on community use and release to the environment.
Synthesis of a Novel Supermagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and their Congo Red Dye Removal, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Gökdağ Semih , Caf Fatma , Doğaner Fulya , Kaya Bülent , Aykutoğlu Gürkan
Published: February 2025

Plantago
lanceolata is a traditional medicinal plant that has attracted significant interest from researchers due to the use of its physiologically active components, particularly polyphenolics (flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids), in various fields. The aim of this study is to synthesize iron oxide (PLE@FeNPs) nanoparticles using a green synthesis approach with Plantago lanceolata (P. lanceolata) leaf extracts, characterize them, evaluate their in vitro effects, and assess their use in the removal of Congo red (CR) from wastewater. We carried out the physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles using UV–Vis, FT-IR, and XRD spectroscopies; TEM and SEM microscopy; and Zetasizer particle size analysis. While the distinct peaks in XRD confirm the crystalline structure, TEM has determined an average particle size (8 nm) for PLE@NPs with deformed spherical nanoparticles. The FT-IR spectra showed that bioactive compounds from P. lanceolata were involved in the participation of PLE@FeNPs. EDX confirmed the presence of iron in the designed PLE@FeNPs. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer analyses of the studied PLE@FeNPs revealed significant activities. We investigated the adsorption kinetics of CR on PLE@FeNPs, taking into account initial dye concentration, different pH levels, adsorbent dosages, and temperature. At optimal conditions (concentration, 50 ppm; dosage, 15 mg; pH, 8), the degradation of CR dye in sunlight was found to be 99%. The small size of PLE@NPs (8 nm) and the more negative zeta potential (− 12.2 mV) support this situation. The equilibrium data demonstrated a good fit to the Langmuir isotherm model, outperforming the Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately described the kinetic data. PLE@NPs exhibited significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This situation suggests that the nanocomposition of PLE@NPs obtained through the green route may have improved efficiency due to various synergistic effects. Overall, these results pave the way for further applications in dye removal and biological applications of environmentally friendly PLE@FeNPs.

Graphical Abstract
Unraveling the Challenges of Difficult-to-Treat Spondyloarthritis: SPARTAN 2024 Annual Meeting Proceedings
Authors: Ribeiro Andre L , Proft Fabian
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

This review aims to explore the emerging concept of difficult-to-treat axial spondyloarthritis (D2T-axSpA), including its definitions, clinical challenges, and management strategies. The objective, as presented at the SPARTAN 2024 Annual Meeting, is to delineate the evolving framework for identifying and addressing D2T-axSpA, with a focus on inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms of treatment failure and the implications for clinical practice.

Recent Findings

Studies have highlighted a prevalence of D2T-axSpA ranging from 19.5 to 28.3% in real-world cohorts, with associated risk factors including peripheral arthritis, comorbidities, and female gender. Recent advances include the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society’s (ASAS) preliminary definition of “difficult-to-manage axSpA” (D2M-axSpA), which encompasses treatment-refractory cases and broader management challenges and `treatment refractory axSpA´ where objective evidence of ongoing inflammation is mandatory. 

D2T-axSpA presents significant challenges due to persistent disease activity and the interplay of inflammatory and non-inflammatory drivers. The emerging definitions and research into personalized treatment strategies promise to refine clinical management. Future directions emphasize biomarker-driven precision medicine, novel therapeutic combinations, and holistic care models to improve outcomes in this complex patient population.
Making sense of response: How policies affect climate vulnerability
Authors: Malmström Alexandra , Käyhkö Janina , Räsänen Aleksi , Tuomimaa Julia , Juhola Sirkku
Published: February 2025

There is a gap in understanding how different policies affect climate vulnerability and risk development, yet increasingly response is added to the risk framework. We propose a conceptual framework that explains how response and other policies affect risk determinants and demonstrate the application of the framework using a synthesis of empirical literature on climate-related health risks and adaptation in cities. The analysis shows that most of the policies affecting vulnerability and exposure are outside climate interventions, i.e., current conceptualization of response. The inclusion of response and other policies in risk assessments has implications for adaptation research and practice.
Mackey functors for posets
Authors: Carrión Santiago Guille , Díaz Ramos Antonio
Published: February 2025

We define Mackey functors over posets mimicking the classical notion and introduce a weak version of them. Then we show that they are acyclic by analyzing cofibrant and pseudo-projective objects in the category of functors indexed in a filtered poset. As application, we study homotopy colimits over posets and we give a homology decomposition for the classifying space of the Bianchi group

$$\Gamma _1$$

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Successful cure of multiple large, inoperable liver abscesses by antibiotic therapy
Authors: Niederreiter Sarah , Voelkerer Andreas , Datz Christian , Weiss Guenter
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Pyogenic liver abscesses are challenging due to their diverse etiology and the risk of severe complications. In many cases, surgical interventions are initiated. However, these are only applicable in selected scenarios. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with multiple large liver abscesses of up to 6.7 cm spread across both liver lobes, which could not be managed surgically.

Methods & Results

Streptococcus intermedius was isolated in blood culture and PCR positivity for this pathogen was obtained in liver puncture specimen. Following a two-weeks course of intravenous therapy with cefuroxime, metronidazole and fosfomycin, the patients received a consecutive, combined oral antibiotic treatment with clindamycin and cephalexin for four months. This resulted in complete resolution of the abscesses, with no evidence of relapse at follow-up.

Conclusion

This case illustrates the complex therapeutic challenges in the management of multiple, large hepatic abscesses, highlighting the potential of antibiotic therapy to cure even inoperable patients.
A Narrative Approach to the Standard of Originality in EU Copyright Law: The Story of a Dress
Authors: Härkönen Heidi
Published: February 2025

“Originality” is the key requirement for copyright protection in the EU. Judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) such as Painer and Brompton show that many aspects of the standard of originality are linked as much to the creative process as to the resulting subject matter. This is particularly true for the “free and creative choices” that authors must make when producing a copyright-protected work. However, we do not have much information about how the standard of originality is manifested in the practices of the creative sectors, especially when it comes to applied arts and industrial design, such as fashion design. Combining a narrative approach to research with the doctrinal study of law, this article examines a creative process by following the journey of the design of a garment – a dress – from idea to expression. The narrative is used as a case study to illustrate the kinds of choices made in the creative process that are significant for the dress to merit copyright protection. The significance of these copyright-relevant choices is contrasted with EU design law where they may lead to a different protection outcome. It is concluded that the more information we have about the creative process of an artistic work – regardless of category – the more accurately we can assess whether it qualifies for copyright protection. The article further argues that the process of fashion design is not inherently any less creative than other, less controversial, areas of copyright protection.
Efficient Optimization of Magnetic Properties of Fe–4.5Si Alloy in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Song Byeong Uk , Choi Joon Phil , Lee Pil-Ho , Jung Min-Kyo , Shin Dongwoon , Ha Taeho , Lee Ikjin
Published: February 2025

Existing studies have successfully identified optimal process parameters to enhance relative density and mechanical properties. However, these optimizations often incur high experimental costs due to the need for repetitive experiments. This research introduces an efficient optimization framework using two design of experiment (DoE) methods and machine learning algorithms, aimed at optimizing the magnetic properties of Fe–4.5Si material. The framework consists of three steps: (1) identification of the process parameter region that ensures high relative density using cubic specimens, (2) development of surrogate models to predict magnetic properties, such as maximum relative permeability and core loss, using toroidal specimens, and (3) multi-objective optimization using the surrogate models and a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to enhance magnetic properties. The results demonstrate that this method can efficiently optimize process parameters with a limited number of experiments. Furthermore, the versatility of this framework allows its application to other materials in the early stages of research, even without prior knowledge of specific materials.
Trajectories of Offending Among Asians in America: Examining US-Born/Non-US-Born Differences and the Effects of Social Control
Authors: Joo Sung Hwan , Koo Doyun , Watts Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

With the notable recent population growth of the Asian population in the US, the need for scholarly attention to offending patterns of this population has correspondingly increased. Utilizing waves of 1 to 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (n = 9412), the current study examines the offending trajectories among Asian populations in the US, with particular attention to the distinct experiences and offending patterns between US-born and non-US-born individuals. Employing group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) and multivariate regression, the study reveals distinct patterns of offending between Asian and non-Asian populations, while highlighting significant variations in offending trajectories between US-born and non-US-born Asian populations. Results indicate that social control factors, such as social bonds and self-control, have varied influences across US-born and non-US-born Asian populations. Overall, the findings point to the importance of considering how distinct institutional adjustment processes and identity negotiations shape offending trajectories among Asian populations in the US. The discussion focuses on how the current study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities facing Asian populations in the US, suggesting future studies incorporate institutional adjustment processes to elucidate Asian offending trajectories further.
Optimizing high-strength concrete compressive strength with explainable machine learning
Authors: Sapkota Sanjog Chhetri , Panagiotakopoulou Christina , Dahal Dipak , Beskopylny Alexey N. , Dahal Sandesh , Asteris Panagiotis G.
Published: February 2025

This study leverages machine learning to enhance the prediction of high-strength concrete (HSC) compressive strength, addressing the limitations of conventional methods, which are often tedious, less reliable, and time-consuming. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) serves as the primary model, with hyperparameter optimization via metaheuristic algorithms such as Cuckoo Search (CSA), Water Strider (WS), Leopard Seal (LS), Harris Hawk (HH), Invasive Weed (IW), and Forest Optimization (FO). A total of 681 data sets were collected from existing literature. The models underwent tenfold cross-validation, with the LS-XGB model achieving an almost ideal performance in testing sets. Other models, including CSA-XGB, WS-XGB, HH-XGB, IW-XGB, and FO-XGB, also demonstrated strong performance, each with R2 > 0.96. For model explainability, Shapley's Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis has been applied to the best-performing LS-XGB model. The analysis revealed that cement and superplasticizer (SP) are the most crucial features contributing to HSC development, with optimal ranges identified at 600–900 kg/m3 for cement and 8–10 kg/m3 for SP. The study demonstrates on how feature interactions contribute to concrete materials compressive strength, providing better and above all sustainable constructions. Furthermore, the LS-XGB model's optimal performance depicts the strongly nonlinear nature of HSC materials, validated through a set of derived graphs. Additionally, 30 concrete cubes were prepared for experimental validation, and the datasets demonstrated an accuracy of 92% showcasing the ability of models to make well informed decision.