bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐Power Logic‐in‐Memory Complementary Inverter Based on p‐WSe2 and n‐WS2
Authors: Shen Hongzhi , Ren Junwen , Hu Junchao , Liu Zeyi , Chen Yingying , Wen Xinglin , Li Dehui
Published: October 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides have been considered as candidate materials to construct logic‐in‐memory devices for realizing non‐von‐Neumann architecture. Thus, reducing the power consumption is extremely critical for their applications in big data and artificial intelligence. Here, a low‐power logic‐in‐memory device is demonstrated by constructing complementary inverter with p‐WSe2 and n‐WS2 transistors. By engineering the interface states between WSe2 (WS2) and substrate artificially, non‐volatile memory with resistance ratio of 104 and 103 after 500 s are achieved in individual WSe2 and WS2 transistors, respectively. Furthermore, a complementary inverter with a retention time longer than 500 s is realized by connecting p‐WSe2 and n‐WS2 transistors. More importantly, the static operating source‐drain current Ids of this inverter is around 0.5/0.1 nA at low/high resistance states with source‐drain voltage Vds = 5 V, and the hysteresis window is located around 0 V, both of which can reduce the energy consumption dramatically and leads to the low operation power. This work provides a convenient strategy to build a non‐von‐Neumann device toward post‐Moore information processing technology.
Single‐Atom Sn on Tensile‐Strained ZnO Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Conversion of CO2 into Formate
Authors: Zhang Yingzheng , Jang Haeseong , Ge Xin , Zhang Wei , Li Zijian , Hou Liqiang , Zhai Li , Wei Xiaoqian , Wang Zhe , Kim Min Gyu , Liu Shangguo , Qin Qing , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil
Published: October 2022

In general, commercial ZnO owns the poor selectivity and activity toward electroreduction CO2 to formate. In contrast, the numbers of Sn‐based nanomaterials are reported as excellent electrocatalysts for formate production, however, the metallic Sn is more expensive than Zn. In this study, it is demonstrated that an atomically dispersed Sn on a tensile‐strained ZnO nanosheet (Sn SA/ZnO) shows dramatically improved activity and selectivity for formate production over a wide potential window compared with that of commercial ZnO. Especially, Sn SA/ZnO exhibits 205‐fold mass activity enhancement than the commercial Sn at −1.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode normalized with element Sn. The experimental measurements combined with theoretical calculations revealed that Sn SA/ZnO can effectively capture and activate CO2 by its exposed double‐active sites (Sn and O), while the tensile strain on its surface boosts the catalytic selectivity by strengthening the adsorption of the *HCOO intermediate for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate.
Effect of traditional and intensive management on soft red winter wheat yield and profitability
Authors: Peterson Todd , Paul Pierce A. , Lindsey Laura E.
Published: October 2022

Some farmers regard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a low‐input crop, whereas other farmers intensively manage wheat with many inputs, such as multiple foliar fungicide applications, S fertilizer, and split applications of N. This research aimed to identify the management practices that improve the yield and profitability of wheat grain and straw. An incomplete factorial omission trial was established at two locations in Ohio [the Western Agricultural Research Station (WARS) and Northwest Agricultural Research Station (NWARS)] during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. The tested management practices included a high seeding rate, a high N rate, a split application of N, a spring S application, a fungicide application at Feekes 9, and a fungicide application at Feekes 10.5.1. The treatments were intensive management (IM) (all tested management practices), traditional management (TM) (none of the tested management practices), and treatments consisting of the individual addition of each practice to TM or removal from the IM system. The IM increased grain yield at three of the four site‐years by an average of 0.83 Mg ha−1 but did not increase the partial economic return at any site‐year during this study. Individual treatment effects were rare and inconsistent. These results suggest that although IM can improve grain yield, it failed to do so economically at the grain prices and input costs used in this study. Farmers should use crop scouting techniques and disease forecasting tools to identify wheat fields that are likely to benefit from additional inputs such as fertilizer or foliar fungicide.
Chinese expert consensus on assessment of cognitive impairment in the elderly
Authors: Ni Xiushi , Wu Fang , Song Juan , An Lina , Jiang Qianwen , Bai Tingting , Wang Jianye , Yu Pulin , Zhang Cuntai , Wu Jinhui ,   Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,   Expert Group of the Chinese Expert Consensus on Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Published: October 2022

Cognitive impairment is a term that refers to the impairment of one or more cognitive domains to varying degrees caused by a variety of reasons. It is under a high prevalence, many risk factors, complex etiology, and great harm to the elderly population. Early screening, diagnosis, and intervention for cognitive impairment in the elderly are of great importance. However, at present, the recognition rate of cognitive impairment for the elderly in China is low, the rate of missed diagnosis is high, and the evaluation is not standardized. This consensus integrates the commonly used cognitive function assessment scales in China and abroad, and aims to popularize the screening of cognitive impairment, standardize the evaluation methods and procedures of cognitive impairment in the elderly, and establish clinical diagnoses, interventions, and follow‐up plans in a timely manner.
Unique three‐component co‐assembly among AIEgen, L‐GSH, and Ag+ for the formation of helical nanowires
Authors: Huang Xiaohuan , Li Junrong , Tang Hong , Guo Miao , Wang Xue , Wang Xiaorong , Wang Xu , Tang Mingliang , Zhang Fusheng , Zhang Yahui , Li Xiaopei , Qing Guangyan
Published: October 2022

Nature has selected, produced, and evolved numerous molecular architectural motifs over billions of years for particular bio‐functions. During this process, molecular self‐assembly plays a critically important role. Inspired by these delicate assemblies, scientists devote themselves to developing various sophisticated complexes assembled by diverse and numerous structural motifs. By far, most of the examples focus on single‐molecule self‐assembly or co‐assembly between two molecules, seldom works report the co‐assembly among three building blocks due to the substantially increased complexity and decreased controllability. Here we report a novel three‐component co‐assembly among L‐glutathione (L‐GSH), AgNO3, and an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), namely triphenylamine–pyridinium (abbreviated to TPA‐Py). TPA‐Py, L‐GSH, and Ag+ co‐assemble into numerous long and ordered nanowires with left‐handed helices, which show remarkable AIE properties that can be observed by naked eyes. This effect is only detected in this system, the replacement of TPA‐Py with other AIEgens, L‐GSH with other cysteine derivatives or anions, Ag+ with other metal ions, could not lead to the unique AIE effect, which endows this system with high specificity and controllability. This work provides new insight into the design of biomolecule recognition systems and discloses that ternary co‐assembly could become a facile route to build sophisticated nanobiomaterials.
Regulating Exposed Facets of Metal‐Organic Frameworks for High‐rate Alkaline Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yang Shuo , Lv Haiming , Wang Yanbo , Guo Xun , Zhao Lingzhi , Li Hongfei , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2022

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn growing attention as promising electrode candidates for rechargeable batteries. However, most studies focus on the direct use of MOF electrodes without any modification. Post‐synthetic modification, a judicious tool to modify targeted properties of MOFs, has been long‐neglected in the field of batteries. Herein, crystal‐facet engineering is proposed to design MOF‐based electrodes with high capacity and fast electrochemical kinetics. We found that a thermally‐modified strategy can regulate the dominant exposed facet of Ni‐based MOF (PFC‐8). With the optimally exposed facets, the battery exhibited admirable rate capability (139.4 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1 and 110.0 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1) and long‐term stability. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that stronger OH− adsorption behaviors and optimized electronic structures induced by the regulated exposed facets boost the electrochemical performance.
Condensed Osmaquinolines with NIR‐II Absorption Synthesized by Aryl C−H Annulation and Aromatization
Authors: Cui Fei‐Hu , Li Qian , Gao Le‐Han , Ruan Kaidong , Ma Kexin , Chen Siyuan , Lu Zhengyu , Fei Jiawei , Lin Yu‐Mei , Xia Haiping
Published: October 2022

The structural design and tuning of properties of metallaaromatics are crucial in materials and energy science. Herein, we describe the rapid synthesis of tetracyclic metallaaromatics containing quinoline and pentalene motifs fused by a metal‐bridged fragment. These unique compounds display remarkably broad absorption, enabling for the first time the absorption of metallaaromatics to reach the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) bio‐window. The formation of osmaquinoline unit involves an unconventional C(sp2)−C(sp3) coupling promoted by AgBF4to achieve [3+3] cycloaddition. The introduction of cyclicdπ‐pπconjugation and extension of the aromatic π‐framework can effectively shrink the HOMO–LUMO gap, thus broadening the absorption window. The considerable photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) in both the NIR‐I and NIR‐II windows, the high photothermal stability and the excellent electrochemical behavior suggest many potential applications of these condensed metallaquinolines.
Nitrene‐Mediated C−H Oxygenation: Catalytic Enantioselective Formation of Five‐Membered Cyclic Organic Carbonates
Authors: Nie Xin , Ye Chen‐Xi , Ivlev Sergei I. , Meggers Eric
Published: October 2022

The synthesis of non‐racemic 5‐membered cyclic carbonates from abundant alcohols is reported. Conversion of the alcohol into an azanyl carbonate is followed by a chiral‐at‐ruthenium catalyzed cyclization to provide chiral cyclic carbonates in yields of up to 95 % and with up to 99 % ee. This new synthetic method is proposed to proceed through a nitrene‐mediated intramolecular C(sp3)−H oxygenation which includes an unusual 1,7‐hydrogen atom transfer within a ruthenium nitrene intermediate. The method is applicable to the synthesis of non‐racemic chiral mono‐, di‐ and trisubstituted cyclic alkylene carbonates.
Supramolecular Assembly of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes for Subcellular Distribution and Cell Viability Monitoring with Differentiated Imaging
Authors: Li Baoning , Wang Yaping , Chan Michael Ho‐Yeung , Pan Mei , Li Yonguang , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: October 2022

The ability to precisely control the subcellular distribution of luminous materials presents unprecedented advantages for understanding cell biology and disease therapy. We introduce a luminescence tool for subcellular distribution imaging and differentiation of live and dead cells, utilizing cationic organoplatinum(II) complexes that exhibit well‐defined monomeric to aggregate nanostructures along with concentration‐dependent switchable luminescence from green to red due to assembly via PtII⋅⋅⋅PtII and π–π stacking interactions. One of the complexes was chosen to demonstrate the unique lysosome‐to‐nucleus subcellular re‐distribution and imaging capability in live and dead cells, respectively, which represents the first example to discriminate the subcellular localization of platinum(II) complexes through differential luminescence response. These new findings facilitate the fundamental understanding of self‐assembly behaviors of platinum(II) complexes for potential subcellular detection assays.
A high‐speed, salt‐free, and dyebath‐recyclable circular coloration technology inspired by mussel bionic
Authors: Li Fenghua , Liu Man , Yan Dexiang , Yin Zonggong , Xiao Jiahong , Sun Bin , Shen Yuhong , Gao Tingting , Liu Qinze , Zhou Guowei
Published: October 2022

With the current situation of high‐energy consumption and high pollution in the textile industry, developing an eco‐friendly and universal dyeing technology is urgently required. Towards this goal, in this study, the dyeing technology with room temperature, salt‐free, zero release, and rapid cycle dyeing for 20 min was realized using a polymer of catechol and polyethyleneimine as a dye. The dyed fabrics exhibited washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness characteristics for practical needs, mainly attributing to the hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction between the dye molecules and the fabrics. Benefiting from the unique dyeing technology, the dyed fabrics show excellent leveling properties and adjustable chromaticity. Importantly, the mussel‐inspired coating strategies are universally applicable, so the dyeing technology can be applied to various fabrics. Consequently, the environmentally friendly dyeing process based on low‐cost catecholamine polymers as a dye will have a broad application prospect in the printing and dyeing industry. Moreover, the antibacterial tests showed that dyed cotton cloth, mulberry silk, and polyester fabrics all have favorable antibacterial properties, especially dyed mulberry silk fabrics have a greater than 90% bacterial reduction rate for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Archaeological identification of fragmented nuts and fruits from key Asia‐Pacific economic tree species using anatomical criteria: Comparative analysis of Canarium, Pandanus and Terminalia
Authors: Fairbairn Andrew S. , Florin S. Anna
Published: October 2022

The fats, protein and carbohydrates afforded by tree nuts and fruits are key resources for communities from Southeast Asia, through Melanesia, Australia and across Oceania. They are important in long‐distance marine trade networks, large‐scale ceremonial gatherings, and are core resources in a wide range of subsistence economies, including foraging systems, horticulture and swidden agriculture. Recent archaeobotanical evidence has also shown their deep‐time importance, being amongst the earliest foods used in the colonisation of novel environments in Australia and New Guinea, as well as the later colonisation of Near and Remote Oceania. The archaeobotanical methods used to identify fruit and nut‐derived plant macrofossils have been largely limited to use of morphological characters of near whole or exceptionally preserved remains, most commonly endocarps, the hard, nutshell‐like interior layer of the fruit protecting the seed. Here we detail how anatomical characteristics of endocarps, visible in light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), can be used with surviving morphological features to identify confidently the use of key Asia‐Pacific economic trees, in this case, Canarium, Pandanus and Terminalia. Systematic anatomical description allows the identification of these important economic taxa, and separation from the remains of others such as Aleurites and Cocos, when found in a range of archaeological assemblages. This includes the often highly fragmented charred assemblages that can be recovered routinely from most sites with appropriate fine‐sieving and flotation methods. These methods provide the basis for a more representative and nuanced understanding of ancient plant use, economy and social systems operating in the region and, being particularly useful in tropical regions, will broaden the archaeobotanical database on ancient foods globally.
Operator‐informed risk assessment tool: Opportunities and barriers to support risk management practices
Authors: Lane Kaycie , Fuller Megan , Gagnon Graham
Published: October 2022

Successfully implementing water safety plans (WSPs) in small, municipal drinking water systems is understudied in affluent jurisdictions where WSPs are not required by regulations. We piloted a computer‐based risk assessment survey in eight municipal water systems in Nova Scotia, Canada to evaluate the benefits and challenges of implementing risk assessment strategies in non‐WSP jurisdictions. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with water operators and managers to gather feedback on the risk assessment survey and process. Results indicated difficulties quantifying risk despite streamlining the risk identification process, resulting in key informants viewing the risk assessment as strictly diagnostic and unlikely to be integrated into operational practice if not required. We identified a need to shift water system culture from a regulatory‐based to a knowledge‐based mindset for successful risk assessment implementation. Clear lines of communication, increased understanding of risk, and commitment to improvement are critical to shifting water system culture toward a risk‐based water quality management approach.
Integrated asset management of urban water and wastewater systems
Authors: Ganjidoost Amin , Haas Carl T. , Knight Mark A. , Unger Andre J. A.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a decision support system for the integrated management of water distribution and wastewater collection networks. The proposed methodology utilizes system dynamics to integrate water mains and sewers with finance and sociopolitical sectors. It enables user rate‐setting and planning of integrated water and wastewater infrastructure operational and capital works over their life‐cycle (50+ years). The integrated asset management model is implemented using data from a large‐sized utility in Southern Ontario, Canada. The result indicates that the integrated framework enables the utility to accelerate funding for capital and operational works due to the integration of the water and wastewater financial resources and improve the integrated levels of service. In practice, the proposed integrated framework empowers and encourages water utilities to manage and plan their assets in an integrated approach to enhance their water and wastewater assets' infrastructure, financial, and sociopolitical performance relative to managing them in isolation.
Optimized rapid production of recombinant secreted proteins in CHO cells grown in suspension: The case of RBD
Authors: Rosini Elena , Pollegioni Loredano
Published: October 2022

Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO) have become the most common workhorse for the commercial production of therapeutic proteins, as well as for the production of recombinant proteins for biomedical research. The ability to grow at high density in suspension, the adaptability to serum free media, and the ease transfection and scale up, made CHO cell line highly productive and robust for large‐scale production. Here, we present an optimized workflow used to successfully express and purify a number of human proteins with a yield up to 5 mg/L of culture. The entire protocol, from the synthetic gene design to the assessment of purified protein quality, can be completed in 2 weeks. The established cell culture platform has been efficiently adapted to rapidly produce the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) in SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein, a protein required by many laboratories in 2020 to better understand the initial step of infection related to COVID‐19 pandemic. An overall yield of 2 mg of high quality soluble RBD per liter of culture was obtained, a production 10‐times cheaper than commercial preparations, this representing an intriguing strategy for future challenges.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of IrOx by Employing F‐Doped TiO2 as Support towards Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Xu Xiaojie , Liu Huan , Yang Xin , Lin Meng‐Chang
Published: October 2022

F‐doped TiO2 is developed through simple solid‐phase synthesis and innovatively employed to support IrOx nanoparticles towards acidic oxygen evolution reaction. Benefiting from the high electrical conductivity, improved electronic interaction, and well dispersing/anchoring effects of F‐TiO2, the IrOx/F‐TiO2 electrocatalyst requires only 272 mV overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm−2, accompanied with the mass activity of 320.2 A gIr−1@1.55 V. Moreover, the single cell voltages are only 1.662 V@1 A cm−2 and 1.749 V@2 A cm−2 when employing IrOx/F‐TiO2 as the anode catalyst, and operates steadily for at least 240 h. Hence, low overpotential, enhanced stability and prominent catalyst utilization are simultaneously realized.
Template‐assisted Preparation of Self‐standing 2D‐MOF Membranes for Application in Cascade Reactions
Authors: Du Yingying , Ding Chenhui , Timm Jana , Marschall Roland , Agarwal Seema
Published: October 2022

Self‐standing metal‐organic framework (MOF) membranes open up several application areas where their use in the powder form is either not possible or non‐sustainable. Most MOF membranes are prepared as a thin layer either on a supporting substrate or used as a composite membrane with additional supporting material. In this work, we present the preparation procedure for making highly stable, easy‐to‐handle, reusable, efficient pure MOF membranes (UiO‐66‐SO3H and UiO‐66‐NH2 membranes; thickness 240±12 μm and 265±10 μm, respectively) with hollow fiber morphology and their use in cascade reactions in one‐pot catalyzed by incompatible acid‐base in tea‐bag‐type concept. The catalytic performance of the catalyst membranes was tested by reacting benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal with three active methylene compounds. The membranes exhibited excellent catalytic activity in cascade reactions in one pot (the yield of the product was as high as 99.9 %) and can be reutilized up to 15 times without any significant loss in activity. Stable pure MOF membranes, as shown in this work, would be of interest for several other applications beyond catalysis.
On partial least‐squares estimation in scalar‐on‐function regression models
Authors: Saricam Semanur , Beyaztas Ufuk , Asikgil Baris , Shang Han Lin
Published: October 2022

Scalar‐on‐function regression, where the response is scalar valued and the predictor consists of random functions, is one of the most important tools for exploring the functional relationship between a scalar response and functional predictor(s). The functional partial least‐squares method improves estimation accuracy for estimating the regression coefficient function compared to other existing methods, such as least squares, maximum likelihood, and maximum penalized likelihood. The functional partial least‐squares method is often based on the SIMPLS or NIPALS algorithm, but these algorithms can be computationally slow for analyzing a large dataset. In this study, we propose two modified functional partial least‐squares methods to efficiently estimate the regression coefficient function under the scalar‐on‐function regression. In the proposed methods, the infinite‐dimensional functional predictors are first projected onto a finite‐dimensional space using a basis expansion method. Then, two partial least‐squares algorithms, based on re‐orthogonalization of the score and loading vectors, are used to estimate the linear relationship between scalar response and the basis coefficients of the functional predictors. The finite‐sample performance and computing speed are evaluated using a series of Monte Carlo simulation studies and a sugar process dataset.
Endoperoxides Compounds for Highly Efficient Cancer Treatment under Hypoxia
Authors: Wei Li , Zhang Zhishang , Kumar Ashish , Banerjee Samya , Huang Huaiyi
Published: October 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment has garnered tremendous attention with its promising non‐invasiveness, low side effects, and spatiotemporal selectivity. However, the hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumours remains a serious resistant factor to reducing the effects of PDT. Endoperoxides are successfully utilized as the chemical storage or supplier of singlet oxygen (1O2), the active substance for PDT in materials and other domains. Recent reports indicated that this type of compound could remarkably enhance the therapeutic effects of PDT under hypoxia. This concept mainly introduces a few representative endoperoxides and the outlook of their potent application for treating hypoxic cancer cells.
Chemical Synthesis of an Octasaccharide Derivative Related to Group B StreptococcusCell‐Wall Polysaccharide
Authors: Sun Chongzhen , Liu Zhaojun , Zeng Wuxian , Ma Xiaolin , Wang Guirong , Gu Guofeng
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the major pathogen that causes invasive infectious diseases in neonates and infants. The development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against GBS infection has been becoming the most pressing subject worldwide. Group B carbohydrate (GBC), the group B‐specific polysaccharide that distinguishes GBS with other streptococci species, has been identified as an attractive antigen for diagnosis and vaccine development because of its highly conservative tetra‐antennary structure. In this paper, a highly convergent [3 + 5] glycosylation strategy for efficient synthesis of an octasaccharide derivative related to GBC oligosaccharide unit II has been developed. In this synthesis, each glycosylation reaction was efficiently constructed with glycosyl imidates, especially trifluoroacetimidate, as donors, and each glycosidic bond was stereoselectively controlled via the neighboring group participation effect of acyl group on the 2‐O‐position of imidate donors or the solvent effect of Et2O. Furthermore, the aminoethylphosphate group was smoothly installed on the 6‐O‐position of d‐glucitol residue using the phosphoramidite method. After global deprotection, the target octasaccharide was successfully obtained from d‐glucitol in 29 steps with an overall yield of 1.37%. The free amino group installed on the aminoethylphosphate spacer of the target molecule enables its modification with functionalized biomolecules for further biological studies.
Design of Improved Antidiabetic Drugs: A Journey from Single to Multitarget Agents
Authors: Tassopoulou Vassiliki‐Panagiota , Tzara Ariadni , Kourounakis Angeliki P.
Published: October 2022

Multifactorial diseases exhibit a complex pathophysiology with several factors contributing to their pathogenesis and development. Examples of such disorders are neurodegenerative (e. g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) and cardiovascular diseases (e. g. atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes II). Traditional therapeutic approaches with single‐target drugs have been proven, in many cases, unsatisfactory for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as diabetes II. The well‐established by now strategy of multitarget drugs is constantly gaining interest and momentum, as a more effective approach. The development of pharmacomolecules able to simultaneously modulate multiple relevant‐to‐the‐disease targets has already several successful examples in various fields and has, as such, inspired the design of multitarget antidiabetic agents; this review highlights the design aspect and efficacy of this approach for improved antidiabetics by presenting several examples of successful pharmacophore combinations in (multitarget) agents that modulate two or more molecular targets involved in diabetes II, resulting in a superior antihyperglycemic profile.
Surgical considerations and outcomes of minimally invasive approaches for gastric cancer resection
Authors: Ong Cecilia T. , Schwarz Jason L. , Roggin Kevin K.
Published: October 2022

Despite high mortality rates from gastric cancer, surgical management remains critical for curative potential. Optimal outcomes of gastric cancer resection depend on a multitude of variables, including the extent of resection, scope of lymphadenectomy, method of reconstruction, and potential for a minimally invasive approach. Laparoscopic gastrectomy, compared with open gastrectomy, has been analyzed in numerous randomized control trials. Generally, those trials demonstrated statistically similar postoperative complication rates, mortality, and oncologic outcomes between the two approaches. Although laparoscopic gastrectomy requires longer operative times, significant improvements in estimated blood loss, postoperative length of stay, and return of bowel function have been noted in patients who undergo laparoscopic gastrectomy. These short‐term benefits, along with equivalent oncologic results, have influenced national guidelines in both Eastern and Western countries to recommend laparoscopy, especially for early stage disease. Although robotic gastrectomy has not been as widely validated in effective trials, studies have reported equivalent oncologic outcomes and similar or improved postoperative complication and recovery rates after robotic gastrectomy compared with open gastrectomy. Comparing the two minimally invasive gastrectomy approaches, robotic surgery was associated with improved estimated blood loss, incidence of pancreatic sequela, and lymph node harvests in some studies, whereas laparoscopy resulted in lower operative times and hospital costs. Ultimately, when applying outcomes from the literature to clinical patient care decisions, it is imperative to recognize these studies' range of inclusion criteria, delineating between patients originating from Eastern or Western countries, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the volume of surgeon experience, and the extent of gastrectomy, among others.
A Highly Fluorescent cis‐Stiff‐Stilbene
Authors: Hsu Ying‐Feng , Hong Jyun‐Wei , Yang Jye‐Shane
Published: October 2022

Because of the ultrafast C=C bond torsion and electrocyclic reaction in the excited state, cis‐stilbenes are generally nonfluorescent (Φf <10−4) in common solvents at ambient temperature. The known examples of highly fluorescent cis‐stilbenes are limited to those with the C=C configuration structurally locked. Herein we report a novel cis‐stiff‐stilbene c‐2 a that displays a high fluorescence quantum efficiency up to 0.47 in acetonitrile (MeCN) without sacrificing the photoisomerization ability. Through comparison with the corresponding aminostilbene c‐1 and positional isomer c‐2 b, the fluorescence turn‐on for c‐2 a takes root in two structural origins: namely, a rigid stilbene backbone that suppresses the cis→dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) photocyclization and a non‐twisted meta‐N,N‐dimethylamino (DMA) substituent that slows down the cis→trans photoisomerization. The corresponding trans isomers t‐1, t‐2 a, and t‐2 b are also investigated to gain insights into the meta‐DMA effect in stiff‐stilbene.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of adamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma: An unusual parotid tumor
Authors: Kakkar Aanchal , Bharati Vandna , Pulimala Shijitha , Kumar Rajeev , Bhalla Ashu Seith
Published: October 2022

Adamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a histological subtype of Ewing sarcoma that demonstrates the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the latter, harbors the EWSR1::FLI1 gene fusion, and additionally demonstrates complex epithelial differentiation on morphology and immunohistochemistry. Accurate preoperative diagnosis has potential to inform management and improve patient outcome. Cytomorphology of ALES is not well documented, with available reports showing a spectrum of features. An aspirate from a 30‐year‐old male with a swelling in right parotid region, interpreted elsewhere as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), was submitted to us for review. Smears showed dispersed cells and loosely cohesive clusters with scant cytoplasm and large nuclei with focal nuclear molding, prompting a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm, possibly neuroendocrine carcinoma. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and tigroid background were present focally, the former of which had possibly led to interpretation as ACC. No material was available for ancillary tests. Parotidectomy revealed features of ALES. The cytological features of ALES in the parotid overlap with several basaloid and round blue cell neoplasms that are more common at this site. ALES should be considered in all salivary gland aspirates with isomorphic small round or basaloid cells, with or without the presence of squamous differentiation. Rosettes, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and a tigroid background are subtle morphological clues to the diagnosis, which if suspected on cytomorphology, can be confirmed using ancillary techniques.
Amino acids at position 5 in the peptide/MHC binding region of a public virus‐specific TCR are completely inter‐changeable without loss of function
Authors: Huisman Wesley , de Gier Melanie , Hageman Lois , Shomuradova Alina S. , Leboux Didier A.T. , Amsen Derk , Falkenburg J.H. Frederik , Jedema Inge
Published: October 2022

Anti‐viral T‐cell responses are usually directed against a limited set of antigens, but often contain many T cells expressing different T‐cell receptors (TCRs). Identical TCRs found within virus‐specific T‐cell populations in different individuals are known as public TCRs, but also TCRs highly‐similar to these public TCRs, with only minor variations in amino acids on specific positions in the Complementary Determining Regions (CDRs), are frequently found. However, the degree of freedom at these positions was not clear. In this study, we used the HLA‐A*02:01‐restricted EBV‐LMP2FLY‐specific public TCR as model and modified the highly‐variable position 5 of the CDR3β sequence with all 20 amino acids. Our results demonstrate that amino acids at this particular position in the CDR3β region of this TCR are completely inter‐changeable, without loss of TCR function. We show that the inability to find certain variants in individuals is explained by their lower recombination probability rather than by steric hindrance.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA): A Suitable Reagent for the Synthesis of Selanyl‐benzo[b]chalcogenophenes
Authors: Blödorn Gustavo B. , Duarte Luis Fernando B. , Roehrs Juliano A. , Silva Márcio S. , Neto José S. S. , Alves Diego
Published: October 2022

A new approach for the synthesis of 3‐organoselanyl‐benzo[b]chalcogenophenes promoted by trichloroisocyanuric acid is reported. The reaction was carried out with electrophilic selenium species which were generated in situ by the reaction between trichloroisocyanuric acid and diorganyl diselenides using ethanol as solvent. The developed method uses mild reaction conditions and was efficient for the synthesis of different 3‐organoselanyl‐benzo[b]chalcogenophenes in a good to excellent yields. Analysis of 77Se NMR spectroscopy indicates that the electrophilic PhSeCl was formed in situ and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Going beyond simplicity: Using machine learning to predict belief in conspiracy theories
Authors: Brandenstein Nils
Published: October 2022

Public and scientific interest in why people believe in conspiracy theories (CT) surged in the past years. To come up with a theoretical explanation, researchers investigated relationships of CT belief with psychological factors such as political attitudes, emotions, or personality. However, recent studies have put the robustness of these relationships into question. In the present study, a prediction‐based analysis approach and machine learning models are deployed to detect and remedy poor replicability of CT belief associations. The analysis of a representative dataset with 2025 UK citizens supports the assumption that the current simplicity of the field's analysis routine, exhibiting high sample‐specificity and neglecting complex associations of psychological factors with CT belief, may obscure important relationships. The results further point towards key components of conspiratorial mindsets like general distrust and low socio‐political control. Important implications for building a coherent theory of CT belief are derived.
All‐solid‐state Fluoride Ion‐selective Electrode using LaF3 Single Crystal with Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as Solid Contact Layer
Authors: Yamada Tetsuya , Kanda Kaito , Yanagida Yasuko , Mayanagi Gen , Washio Jumpei , Takahashi Nobuhiro
Published: October 2022

An all‐solid‐state fluoride ion‐selective electrode (ISE) was prepared using LaF3 single crystal with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) as the solid contact layer. In contrast to polymer‐based ISEs, crystalline membrane‐based ISEs have not been used for all‐solid‐state device, thereby prohibiting the integration of ISEs on a chip. The all‐solid‐state fluoride ISE developed in this study exhibited superior sensitivity (−56.0±0.9 mV/dec) and selectivity compared to those of conventional inner filling solution ISE. The effects of PEDOT as a solid contact layer were analyzed using chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed that PEDOT promoted electrode stability. The all‐solid‐state device can miniaturize the fluoride ISE and facilitate environmental, industrial, agricultural, and physiological monitoring.
Evaluation of cyclodextrin‐ and cyclofructan‐based chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of psychoactive substances in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ioannou Katerina A. , Christou Atalanti , Stavrou Ioannis J. , Schmid Martin G. , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P.
Published: October 2022

During this study, a simple and easy‐to‐prepare electrophoretic method was developed for the enantioseparation of amphetamine and cathinone derivatives. Different types of β‐cyclodextrin and cyclofructan‐based chiral selectors (CSs), both native and derivatized, were utilized, and the most effective ones, in terms of resolution and analysis time, were identified. In addition, several electrophoretic parameters, such as background electrolyte concentration and pH, and CS concentration, were examined to optimize the separation conditions. Under the optimal electrophoretic conditions, 10 psychoactive substances were enantiomerically separated using 1 mM sulfated cyclofructan‐6 (SCF‐6) for the amphetamine derivatives and 1 mM sulfated cyclofructan‐7 (SCF‐7) for the cathinone derivatives dissolved in an aqueous solution of 20‐mM monobasic sodium phosphate at pH 2.5, a temperature of 25°C, and an applied voltage of 25 kV. In addition, the method was validated by estimating the intra‐ and interday precision.
Implanting MoS2 quantum dots on MgB2 nanosheets for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Han Caidi , Zhang Jinhao , Mi Wanliang , Qin Yingtai , Gao Jian , Wu Jinting , Zou Ji‐Jun , Yang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yong‐Chao , Wu Gang
Published: October 2022

As a new generation of high‐efficiency energy storage devices, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery attract increasing attention. However, slow conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and severe shuttle effect are bottlenecks. Developing efficient sulfur host materials to suppress the shuttling of LiPSs and accelerate their conversion kinetics is a general strategy to enhance the performance of Li–S batteries. Herein, MoS2 quantum dots (QDs)@MgB2 nanosheet was synthesized using a simple liquid‐phase mixing method. The MoS2 QDs not only inhibit the stacking of MgB2 nanosheets but also expose more unsaturated metal active sites, which can effectively improve the adsorption of LiPSs, accelerate its catalytic conversion and suppress its shuttle effect. Moreover, MgB2 nanosheets can be used as polypropylene (PP) separator modifier. The battery using MoS2 QDs@MgB2 as the sulfur host material and MgB2@PP as the separator has high rate capability and excellent stability. In addition, the discharge‐specific capacity shows a good application prospect.

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Identification of compounds from chufa (Eleocharis dulcis) peels by widely targeted metabolomics
Authors: Li Guanli , Huang Shuangquan , Li Xiaochun , Luo Yanghe , Nie Hui
Published: October 2022

The Chinese water chestnut (CWC) is among the most widespread and economically important vegetables in Southern China. There are two different types of cultivars for this vegetable, namely, big CWC (BCWC) and small CWC (SCWC). These are used for different purposes based on their metabolic profiles. This study aimed to investigate the metabolite profile of CWC and compare the profiles of peels collected in different harvest years using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS)‐based metabolomics analysis. Three hundred and twenty‐one metabolites were identified, of which 87 flavonoids, 25 phenylpropanoids, and 33 organic acids and derivatives were significantly different in the content of the two varieties of BCWC and SCWC. The metabolite profiles of the two different cultivars were distinguished using principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, and the results indicated differences in the metabolite profile of Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Hensch. Three isomers of hydroxycoumarin, namely, O‐feruloyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin, O‐feruloyl‐3‐hydroxycoumarin, and O‐feruloyl‐2‐hydroxycoumarin, exhibited increased levels in BCWC, while p‐coumaric acid and vanillic acid did not show any significant differences in their content in BCWC and SCWC peels. This study, for the first time, provides novel insights into the differences among metabolite profiles between BCWC and SCWC.
Black shales and mesozonal quartz vein‐hosted Au: The Truchas Syncline, Spain and the Harlech Dome, Wales, a comparative study
Authors: Cunningham John Keiller , Gómez‐Fernández Fernando , González‐Menéndez Luis , Beard Andrew David
Published: October 2022

A comparative study of quartz vein‐hosted gold occurrences associated with Palaeozoic metapelites in two areas of Wales and Spain combines new, previously unpublished and published data. Metamorphic grade is greenschist in both areas, but very low‐grade indicators in the host metapelites distance the environment from the greenschist/amphibolite transition zone required for some orogenic gold occurrences. Basin fertility for Au is indicated by the presence of auriferous pyrites in the protolith black shales in Spain. Only minor igneous activity has taken place in both study areas. Mineral parageneses are similar, with early sulphide phases characterized by As/Co and later auriferous phases by Cu/Pb/Zn sulphides. Mesozonal P–T conditions apply at deposition in both terranes. In Spain, mineralisation typically occurs in quartzites near to the metapelites, but not where the veins are in contact with them, and extensional faulting appears to be a stronger control over mineralisation than geochemical interaction with metapelite wall‐rocks. In Wales, both structural and geochemical factors (C content of the wall‐rocks and coupled oxidation of NH4ions substituted in wall‐rock phyllosilicates to produce CH4and N2) could have a role in Au deposition. In both areas, minor cross‐fault systems between larger faults are typical hosts of the mineralisation. Assignment is made to different subtypes of the orogenic gold model but these subtypes share the characteristic of a local source. This has implications for exploration methodology in epizonal/anchizonal metapelite‐dominated terranes, where indicators of basin fertility for Au within the protolith itself assume importance.
Internet of Things and healthcare system: A systematic review of ethical issues
Authors: Zakerabasali Somayyeh , Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a set of connected objects and devices that share data and pursue a common goal in different areas. IoT technology can significantly help the healthcare system by enabling the monitoring of elderly and chronic disease patients. Along with the growth of this technology, its challenges and limitations such as Connectivity, Compatibility, Standards, cost, legal, and ethical also increase. One of the most critical and challenging issues in the IoT is ethical issues. This study aims to explore the key ethical aspects of the IoT and Categorize them based on the executive phases of IoT in healthcare.

Methods

The current study was conducted in two phases using the mixed‐method approach. In the first phase, a systematic review was conducted in relevant databases to identify ethical issues of the IoT. In the second phase, a focus group discussion was conducted to classify the extracted data elements based on executive phases of IoT by medical informatics experts and computer engineerings.

Results

Among the 138 papers retrieved through the search strategy, 11 articles were selected, and 12 ethical issues related to IoT were identified. The obtained results revealed the importance of ethical issues of IoT, including security, confidentiality, privacy, anonymity, freedom to withdraw, informed consent, integrity, availability, authorization, access control, censoring, and eavesdropping. They were classified into five main categories of executive phases of IoT based on the five experts’ opinions affiliated with SUMS, including data collection, data storage, data process, data transmission, and data delivery.

Conclusion

Because of the key role of the IoT in disease prevention, real‐time tele‐monitoring of patient's functions, testing of treatments, health management, and health research, considering the risks relating to Health care and patient data is essential. Moreover, health policymakers should be aware of the ethical commitment to using IoT technology.
Urbanization of grasslands in the Denver area affects streamflow responses to rainfall events
Authors: Wilson Stacy , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Choat Benjamin , Kampf Stephanie , Green Timothy R. , Hopkins Kristina G.
Published: October 2022

A thorough understanding of how urbanization affects stream hydrology is crucial for effective and sustainable water management, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of changes in streamflow response to rainfall events across a rural to urban gradient in the semi‐arid area of Denver, Colorado. We used 8 years of April to October instantaneous streamflow data in 21 watersheds ranging in size from 0.8 to 90 km2 and with impervious areas ranging from 1% to 47%. With these data, we applied a semi‐automated method to identify a total of 2877 streamflow responses, which were analysed for event‐based metrics of peak flow, runoff depth, runoff to rainfall ratio, time to peak, duration and number of streamflow responses to rainfall events. We also determined whether streamflow responses could be predicted by a precipitation threshold. Watersheds with >10% impervious cover had a precipitation threshold of 1–2 mm/hr needed to produce a streamflow response, compared to thresholds of 4–36 mm/hr for watersheds with less than 10% impervious surface cover. This lower precipitation threshold in more impervious watersheds led to more frequent streamflow responses. On average, streamflow responses had shorter duration and higher peak flows in watersheds with more impervious surface cover. In contrast to other regions, runoff depth, runoff to rainfall ratio and time to peak either gave mixed results or did not vary significantly with imperviousness. These alterations in streamflow response to rainfall events indicate the specific ways that urban development changes how streams respond to rain events in a semi‐arid setting. This work points to the need for local adaptation of stormwater management to mitigate the effects of streamflow changes with urbanization.