bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The PU‐PROM: A patient‐reported outcome measure for peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Liu Na , Lv Jing , Liu Jinchun , Zhang Yanbo
Published: June 2017

Objective

Patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) conceived to enable description of treatment‐related effects, from the patient perspective, bring the potential to improve in clinical research, and to provide patients with accurate information. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a patient‐centred peptic ulcer patient‐reported outcome measure (PU‐PROM) and evaluate its reliability, validity, differential item functioning (DIF) and feasibility.

Method

To develop a conceptual framework and item pool for the PU‐PROM, we performed a literature review and consulted other measures created in China and other countries. Beyond that, we interviewed 10 patients with peptic ulcers, and consulted six key experts to ensure that all germane parameters were included. In the first item selection phase, classical test theory and item response theory were used to select and adjust items to shape the preliminary measure completed by 130 patients and 50 controls. In the next phase, the measure was evaluated used the same methods with 492 patients and 124 controls. Finally, we used the same population in the second item reselection to assess the reliability, validity, DIF and feasibility of the final measure.

Results

The final peptic ulcer PRO measure comprised four domains (physiology, psychology, society and treatment), with 11 subdomains, and 54 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of each subdomain for the measure was >0.800. Confirmatory factory analysis indicated that the construct validity fulfilled expectations. Model fit indices, such as RMR, RMSEA, NFI, NNFI, CFI and IFI, showed acceptable fit. The measure showed a good response rate.

Conclusions

The peptic ulcer PRO measure had good reliability, validity, DIF and feasibility, and can be used as a clinical research evaluation instrument with patients with peptic ulcers to assess their condition focus on treatment. This measure may also be applied in other health areas, especially in clinical trials of new drugs, and may be helpful in clinical decision making.
Views of general practice staff about the use of a patient‐oriented treatment decision aid in shared decision making for patients with type 2 diabetes: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Wildeboer Anita , du Pon Esther , Schuling Jan , Haaijer‐Ruskamp Flora M. , Denig Petra
Published: June 2017

Background

Decision aids can be used to support shared decision making (SDM). A patient‐oriented treatment decision aid (DA) was developed for type 2 diabetes but its use by general practice staff appeared to be limited.

Objectives

To explore views of practice staff towards SDM and the DA.

Design

A mixed‐methods study within the Dutch PORTDA‐diab trial.

Setting and participants

Included were 17 practices with staff members who were responsible for routine diabetes care and had worked with the DA, and 209 of their patients.

Methods

Interviews were conducted focusing on applicability, usefulness and feasibility of the DA. Interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis for identifying and classifying views. Patient‐reported data about the use of the DA were collected. Associations between specific views and use of the DA were tested using Pearson point‐biserial correlation.

Results

The majority of practice staff expressed positive views towards SDM, which was associated with making more use of the DA. Most of the staff expressed that the DA stimulated a two‐way conversation. By using the DA, several became aware of their paternalistic approach. Some staff experienced a conflict with the content of the DA, which was associated with making less use of the DA.

Conclusions

The DA was considered useful by practice staff to support SDM. A positive view towards SDM was a facilitator, whereas experiencing a conflict with the content of the DA was a barrier for making use of the DA.
Getting on the same page: Communication, patient involvement and shared understanding of “decisions” in oncology
Authors: Leppin Aaron L. , Kunneman Marleen , Hathaway Julie , Fernandez Cara , Montori Victor M. , Tilburt Jon C.
Published: June 2017

Background

Patients and clinicians do not often agree on whether a decision has been made about cancer care. This could be explained by factors related to communication quality and/or the type of decision being made.

Methods

We used a self‐developed coding scheme to code a random sample of 128 encounters in which patients and clinicians either agreed (n=64) or disagreed (n=64) that a cancer care decision was made and tested for associations between concordance and key communication behaviours. We also identified and characterized cancer care decisions by topic and level of patient involvement and looked for trends.

Results

We identified 378 cancer care decisions across 128 encounters. Explicit decisions were most commonly made about topics wherein decision control could be easily delegated to a clear and present expert (eg either the patient or the clinician). Related to this, level of patient involvement varied significantly by decision topic. Explicit decisions were rarely made in an observable way about social, non‐clinical or self‐management related topics, although patients and clinicians both reported having made a cancer care decision in encounters where no decisions were observed. We found no association between communication behaviours and concordance in our sample.

Conclusions

What counts as a “decision” in cancer care may be constructed within disparate social roles that leave many agendas unaddressed and decisions unmade. Changing the content of conversations to encourage explicit decisions about self‐management and life context‐related topics may have greater value in enabling shared understanding than promoting communication behaviours among already high‐performing communicators.
Loss of idealism or realistic optimism? A cross‐sectional analysis of dental hygiene students’ and registered dental hygienists’ professional identity perceptions
Authors: Champine JM , Inglehart MR , Furgeson D , Halaris JF , Fitzgerald M , Danciu TE , Kinney JS
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The dental hygiene profession in the U.S. is in the process of establishing a direct access model of care and contributing to the creation of the profession of a dental therapist. The objectives were to analyse the professional role perceptions of dental hygiene students and registered dental hygienists in these times of change. Specifically, it was explored whether dental hygiene students’ current professional identities differ (i) from their expected future identities, and (ii) from dental hygienists’ current and (iii) past identities.

Methods

Survey data were collected from 215 dental hygiene students concerning their present and future role perceptions, and from 352 registered dental hygienists concerning their present and past professional identity perceptions.

Results

Students’ future professional identity perceptions were even more positive than their very positive current perceptions of their professional role components. Students’ current perceptions of professional pride, professional ambition, work ethic and patient relations were more positive than dental hygienists’ current perceptions of these professional role components. A comparison of students’ current perceptions with dental hygienists’ current and retrospective descriptions showed that students were more positive than dental hygienists in each case.

Conclusions

The fact that dental hygienists had less positive role perceptions than dental hygiene students might lead to the conclusion that a loss of idealism occurs over the course of a professional lifespan. However, dental hygienists actually improved their role perceptions over time and students’ future descriptions were more positive than their current descriptions, supporting the interpretation that realistic optimism dominates professional role perceptions in these times of change.
Distribution and hypoxia‐regulation of haemocyanin in springtails (Collembola)
Authors: Flachsbarth S. , Kruse M. , Burmester T.
Published: June 2017

Haemocyanin is the copper‐containing respiratory protein present in many arthropods. In the hexapods, respiratory proteins had long been considered unnecessary as sufficient O2was thought to be obtained via the trachea. Nevertheless, many ametabolous and hemimetabolous hexapod species actually possess haemocyanin. Here we investigated the occurrence of haemocyanin in Collembola (springtails). Haemocyanin was found in 22 collembolan species of the suborders Symphypleona, Tomoceroidea and Entomobryomorpha, demonstrating its widespread occurrence. No haemocyanin was identified in 16 species of these taxa, and it appears to be absent in Poduromorpha. The presence of haemocyanin does not correlate with either the phylogenetic history or lifestyle of the investigated species. We further investigated the function of haemocyanin inFolsomia candida(Entomobryomorpha) by applying different hypoxia regimes. Whereas short‐term (1 h) and mild (10% O2) hypoxia led to a decrease in haemocyanin mRNA, strong hypoxia (24 h, 1.5% O2) resulted in a ∼4300‐fold increase in haemocyanin expression. Hypoxia induction of haemocyanin could not be demonstrated in evolutionarily more advanced Hexapoda, where it is restricted to the embryo. The results indicate (1) an important role of haemocyanin in the oxygen supply ofF. candida, which may be adaptive in the potentially hypoxic environment in the soil, and (2) a change in haemocyanin function in hexapod evolution.
Underuse of risk assessment and overuse of computed tomography pulmonary angiography in patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Perera Michael , Aggarwal Leena , Scott Ian A. , Cocks Nicholas
Published: June 2017

Background

Evidence suggests the potential overuse of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in the absence of consistent use of pre‐test clinical prediction rules and D‐dimer assays.

Aim

To evaluate use and diagnostic utility of clinical prediction rules and D‐dimer assay in patients with suspected PTE and quantify potentially avoidable overuse of CTPA in low risk patients.

Methods

A total of 344 consecutive patients undergoing CTPA at a tertiary hospital was studied with regards to the use of D‐dimer assays and clinical prediction rules for PTE. For each patient, a modified Wells score (mWS), revised Geneva score and PISA model were calculated retrospectively; performance characteristics for each rule for PTE were determined with reference to results of CTPA. Results for the mWS and D‐dimer assays (when performed) were used to estimate the overuse of CTPA according to risk category.

Results

Use of a clinical prediction rule was documented in only 5.0% of cases. Of 269 low‐risk patients who had a calculated mWS ≤4, only 64 (23.8%) had a D‐dimer assay performed, with 30 (11.1%) having a PTE on CTPA. Among 75 patients with an mWS >4, 23 (30.7%) had a PTE on CTPA (P < 0.001). Compared to other prediction rules, an mWS>4 had the highest positive predictive value (31.0%) for PTE; all rules demonstrated similar negative predictive values for low‐risk scores (87–89%). After adjusting for an 11% false negative rate for PTE in patients with low‐risk mWS, overuse of CTPA was reported in up to 190 (55.2%) patients.

Conclusion

More than 50% of patients with suspected PTE may be subject to unwarranted use of CTPA in the absence of pre‐test clinical prediction rules coupled with D‐dimer assays.
Venous thromboembolism management in Northeast Melbourne: how does it compare to international guidelines and data?
Authors: Lim Hui Y. , Chua Chong C. , Tacey Mark , Sleeman Matthew , Donnan Geoffrey , Nandurkar Harshal , Ho Prahlad
Published: June 2017

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with significant heterogeneity in its management, both within our local practice and in international guidelines.

Aims

To provide a holistic evaluation of ‘real‐world’ Australian experience in the warfarin era, including how we compare to international guidelines.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of VTE from July 2011 to December 2012 at two major hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. These results were compared to recommendations in the international guidelines.

Results

A total of 752 episodes involving 742 patients was identified. Contrary to international guidelines, an unwarranted heritable thrombophilia screen was performed in 22.0% of patients, amounting to a cost of AU$29 000. The duration of anticoagulation was longer compared to international recommendations, although the overall recurrence (3.2/100 person‐years) and clinically significant bleeding rates (2.4/100 person‐years) were comparable to ‘real‐world’ data. Unprovoked VTE (hazard ratio 2.06; P = 0.01) was a risk factor for recurrence, and there was no difference in recurrence between major VTE (proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism) and isolated distal DVT (3.02 vs 3.94/100 person‐years; P = 0.25). Fourteen patients were subsequently diagnosed with malignancy, and patients with recurrent VTE had increased risk of prospective cancer diagnosis (relative risk 6.68; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

While our ‘real‐world’ VTE experience during the warfarin era largely correlates with international guidelines, there remains heterogeneity in the management strategies, including excessive thrombophilia screening and longer duration of anticoagulation. This audit highlights the need for national VTE guidelines, as well as prospective auditing of VTE management, in the direct oral anticoagulant era for future comparison.
Supernumeraries in Nicolaides–Baraitser Syndrome
Authors: Al‐Tamimi Bouthayna , Abela Stefan , Jeremiah Huw G. , Evans Robert D.
Published: June 2017

Background

Nicolaides–Baraitser Syndrome(NCBRS) is an extremely rare condition which has been reported in only a few cases. NCBRS is a distinct clinical condition with typical clinical features of pre‐ and post‐natal global developmental delay, impaired speech, and seizures. Microcephaly, sparse hair, anteverted alae nasi, undefined philtrum, prominence of distal phalanges and interphalangeal joints, and short metacarpals are also typical of NCBRS.

Case Report

There are no reported cases in the literature of patients with NCBRS presenting with multiple dental impactions, and to the authors’ knowledge, this is the 28th fully documented case of NCBRS and only 75 cases identified as potentially having NCBRS. The clinical features, diagnosis, and course of management are also described.

Conclusion

Although NCBRS is very rare, it is important to assess dental development in view of the possibility of multiple supernumerary teeth which can have detrimental effects on the occlusion.
Physiological processes associated with salinity tolerance in an alfalfa half‐sib family
Authors: Rokebul Anower M. , Peel M. D. , Mott I. W. , Wu Y.
Published: June 2017

We previously reported an alfalfa half‐sib family, HS‐B, with improved salt tolerance, compared to parental plants, P‐B. In this study, we conducted additional experiments to address potential physiological mechanisms that may contribute to salt tolerance in HS‐B. Vegetatively propagated HS‐B and P‐B plants were treated with a nutrient solution (control) or a nutrient solution containing NaCl (EC = 12 dS/m). Shoots and roots were harvested at various time points after treatment for quantification of proline, soluble sugar, and H2O2 using spectrophotometers. Subcellular localization and quantification of Na in roots were conducted using a Na+‐specific dye under a confocal microscope. HS‐B produced 86 and 89% greater shoot and root dry biomass, respectively, compared to parental plants, P‐B, under salinity in the greenhouse. Under saline conditions the HS‐B shoots accumulated 115% and roots 55% more soluble sugars than P‐B counterparts. The non‐saline HS‐B shoots, however, showed 72% less soluble sugars than the non‐saline P‐B plants. Under saline conditions HS‐B accumulated 39% less proline in shoots, while roots accumulated 56% more proline, compared to their P‐B parents. HS‐B plants also showed a greater reduction of stomatal conductance under mild saline stress. HS‐B shoots and roots contained 3–4 times less reactive oxygen species (H2O2) after salt treatment compared to P‐B plants. Sodium localization and distribution analysis using Na+‐specific dye revealed HS‐B plants accumulated 88% and 48% less Na+ in stele and xylem vessels compared to P‐B. The study provides insights into the potential mechanisms that may contribute to salt tolerance in HS‐B: maintaining RWC by accumulating soluble sugars while reducing transpiration, maintaining healthy status by reducing oxidative stresses, and preventing salt toxicity by reducing accumulation of Na+ inside root cells and xylem.
Fabrication of dense barium zirconate fibers by electrospinning with different complex agents
Authors: Yuan Kangkang , Yu Zhichao , Xu Chonghe , Feng Cong , Gan Xinzhu , Wang Xinqiang , Zhu Luyi , Zhang Guanghui , Xu Dong
Published: June 2017

Acetic acid, lactic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid were used as complex agents for the preparation of dense barium zirconate fibers with electrospinning method. The formation of lactate when lactic acid was used as complex agent led to a mild decomposition process which was beneficial for the fabrication of dense barium zirconate fibers. High temperature stable intermediate phase of BaF2 appeared when trifluoroacetic acid was used. The intermediate phase of BaF2 was disadvantageous for pure and dense barium zirconate formation. While water vapor preheat treatment for BaF2 contained fibers was an effective way for the fabrication of pure and dense barium zirconate fibers.
Synthesis and photoluminescence characteristics of blue‐green luminescent aluminum oxynitride
Authors: Genji Kumihiro , Uchino Takashi
Published: June 2017

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON), which can be regarded a nitrogen‐stabilized cubic γ‐Al2O3, has attracted attention in terms of its good mechanical, chemical, and optical stability. Because of its optical inertness, however, photoluminescence (PL) emission from nominally pure AlON has not been carefully investigated and evaluated. In this work, we prepared visibly luminescent AlON by nitridation of γ‐Al2O3 under N2 atmosphere without adding aluminum nitride (AlN) using a high‐frequency induction heating unit. The resulting AlON exhibits a broad PL emission in the blue/green spectral region under excitation with light of ~260 nm. In the luminescent AlON sample, the excitation and emission events will occur at different sites; the electron transfer from the excitation site to the emission site is preceded by the radiative recombination process. It has also been found that the PL peak wavelength shows an anomalous blue shift by ~50 nm with increasing temperature from 78 to 500 K. The observed temperature dependent PL characteristics are governed by thermalization among multiple emitting levels. Aluminum vacancies and oxygen vacancies, both of which are introduced into the crystalline lattice during nitridation without the presence of AlN, are very likely candidates for the excitation and emission centers, respectively. Hence, the present direct nitridation method provides a simple and effective way to add an additional optical functionality to otherwise optically inactive AlON.
Nurse managers: Determinants and behaviours in relation to patient and visitor aggression in general hospitals. A qualitative study
Authors: Heckemann Birgit , Peter Karin A , Halfens Ruud JG , Schols Jos MGA , Kok Gerjo , Hahn Sabine
Published: June 2017

Aim(s)

To explore nurse managers’ behaviours, attitudes, perceived social norms, and behavioural control in the prevention and management of patient and visitor aggression in general hospitals.

Background

Patient and visitor aggression in general hospitals is a global problem that incurs substantial human suffering and organizational cost. Managers are key persons for creating low‐aggression environments, yet their role and behaviours in reducing patient and visitor aggression remains unexplored.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study underpinned by the Reasoned Action Approach.

Method(s)

Between October 2015–January 2016, we conducted five focus groups and 13 individual interviews with nurse leaders in Switzerland. The semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analysed in a qualitative content analysis.

Findings

We identified three main themes: (i) Background factors: “Patient and visitor aggression is perceived through different lenses”; (ii) Determinants and intention: “Good intentions competing with harsh organizational reality”; (iii) Behaviours: “Preventing and managing aggressive behaviour and relentlessly striving to create low‐aggression work environments”.

Conclusion(s)

Addressing patient and visitor aggression is difficult for nurse managers due to a lack of effective communication, organizational feedback loops, protocols, and procedures that connect the situational and organizational management of aggressive incidents. Furthermore, tackling aggression at an organizational level is a major challenge for nurse managers due to scant financial resources and lack of interest. Treating patient and visitor aggression as a business case may increase organizational awareness and interest. Furthermore, clear communication of expectations, needs and resources could optimize support provision for staff.
Genomic phylogeography of the endemic Mountain Black‐eye of Borneo (Chlorocharis emiliae): montane and lowland populations differ in patterns of Pleistocene diversification
Authors: Manthey Joseph D. , Moyle Robert G. , Gawin Dency F. , Rahman Mustafa Abdul , Ramji Mohamad Fizl Sidq , Sheldon Frederick H.
Published: June 2017

Aim

Our understanding of population diversification in the lowlands of Sundaland has improved substantially over the last 20 years through phylogeographical study, but we know almost nothing about population diversification in the mountains of the region. Here, we apply genomic analysis and habitat modelling to the phylogeography ofChlorocharis emiliae, the Mountain Black‐eye, an endemic montane bird of Borneo with a sky‐island distribution, to investigate the structure and interconnectivity of its populations. In the process, we consider factors driving population diversification in the mountains versus lowlands on the island, and how population structure ofC. emiliaecompares with structure of previously studied lowland species.

Location

Borneo.

Methods

UsingRAD‐seq, we produced thousands ofSNPs in 25 individuals from five sky‐island populations ofC. emiliae. These populations represent the species entire range across Borneo. Genetic structure and species tree analyses were applied to measure population relationships and connectivity. Ecological niche modelling was used to estimate habitat distributions during current andLGMtime periods.

Results

We identified slight to moderate genetic distinctiveness among all populations. Based on demographic models, isolation with migration was the main pattern of divergence, and the most admixture occurred among three populations in north‐eastern Borneo: Kinabalu, Trus Madi and Murud. The most divergent population, Pueh, in north‐western Borneo, has low genetic diversity and a small effective population size, is geographically isolated and has diverged in isolation without notable gene flow. These results, based on a large genomic dataset, contradict the evolutionary relationships identified in an earlier mitochondrialDNAstudy.

Main conclusions

Genomic phylogeographical comparisons indicate that diversification among sky‐island populations ofC. emiliaewas driven largely by distance and historical habitat distribution, resulting in isolation but also some inter‐population gene flow. During Pleistocene glacial events, cooler temperatures would have caused montane forest to descend and spread, thereby increasing connectivity among sky‐island populations. However, despite increased montane habitat, the north‐western population of Pueh remained isolated. This montane pattern contrasts with phylogeographical patterns in the Bornean lowlands, where populations often display evidence of vicariance followed by secondary contact.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with box isolation of fibrotic areas: Lessons on fibrosis distribution and extent, clinical characteristics, and their impact on long‐term outcome
Authors: Schreiber Doreen , Rieger Andreas , Moser Fabian , Kottkamp Hans
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The BIFA concept (box isolation of fibrotic areas) supplementing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was implemented in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy (FACM) to improve catheter ablation outcomes.

Methods and results

Ninety‐two patients with FACM underwent PVI + BIFA. We investigated patient characteristics (58 persistent/34 paroxysmal, 68 ± 8 years, LA 44 ± 7 mm, CHA2DS2‐VASc 2.6 ± 1.3, FACM I: 15.2%, II: 53.3%, III: 26.1%, IV: 5.4%), periprocedural data concerning fibrosis extent/distribution, and their impact on outcome.

Based on severe fibrosis areas (SFAs) of 13.5 ± 13.9 cm2 detected by voltage mapping, 1.4 ± 0.5 boxes (n = 1–3, 2.2–35.3 cm2) were applied in the left atrium. With higher grade FACM, SFAs increased and maximum voltage decreased (I/IV: 6.29/3.18 mV). Anterior (ant.) SFAs were found to be more common and larger than posterior (post.) SFAs (58.3% vs. 42.6%, ant. 8.0 ± 8.0 vs. post. 4.7 ± 6.8 cm2). In 40 of 92 (43%) patients, both atrial walls were affected with rare cases of solely post. fibrosis (6 of 92, 6.6%).

Women (39 of 92, 42%) showed FACM III+IV more often than men (P = 0.022) and can still present paroxysmal while persistent males are more likely to have FACM I‐II. Single and multiple procedure (1.2/patient) success was 69% and 83% after 16 ± 8 months with an unfavorable impact of large SFA size, both‐sided fibrosis and reduced maximum voltage, independently of patient characteristics and AF type.

Conclusion

FACM patients are a challenging AF subgroup for catheter ablation. Women seem to show FACM III+IV more often than men. The distribution of left atrial fibrosis is variable but more pronounced anteriorly. Atrial disease is characterized by SFA size but also maximum voltage reduction, both with implications on ablation outcome. Using BIFA, success rates of patients without fibrosis can be approached but are limited in FACM III+IV.
Three‐year outcomes and reconnection patterns after initial contact force guided pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nair Girish M. , Yeo Colin , MacDonald Zachary , Ainslie Mark P. , Alqarawi Wael A. , Nery Pablo B. , Redpath Calum J. , Sadek Mouhannad , Spence Stewart , Green Martin S. , Birnie David H.
Published: June 2017

Background and objective

Contact force (CF) sensing is a novel technology used for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared the single procedure success of CF‐guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with that of non‐CF guided PVI during a 3‐year (1,095 days) follow up period and analyzed the pattern of pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection.

Methods

A cohort of 167 subjects (68 CF vs. 99 non‐CF) with paroxysmal AF were included in the study. Atrial arrhythmia (AA) recurrence was defined as documented AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting >30 seconds and occurring after 90 days.

Results

Subjects in the CF group showed a statistically nonsignificant improvement in AA free survival compared to those in the non‐CF group (66.2% vs. 51.5%; P value: 0.06). A greater propensity for reconnection was noted around the right‐sided PVs compared to left‐sided PVs related in both catheter ablation groups. For example, in the CF group 36% of right‐sided segments reconnected compared to 16% of left‐sided segments (P value <0.01).

Conclusions

A greater propensity for reconnection was noted around the right sided PV segments in both the CF and non‐CF groups. The explanation for this finding was related to greater catheter instability around the right sided veins. Further research is needed to explore the utility of a “real‐time” composite indicator that includes RF energy, CF and catheter stability in predicting transmural lesion formation during catheter ablation.
Suppression or knockout of SaF/SaM overcomes the Sa‐mediated hybrid male sterility in rice
Authors: Xie Yongyao , Niu Baixiao , Long Yunming , Li Gousi , Tang Jintao , Zhang Yaling , Ren Ding , Liu Yao‐Guang , Chen Letian
Published: June 2017

Hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa) are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter‐subspecific hybrid breeding. The complex locus Sa comprises two adjacently located genes, SaF and SaM, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica‐indica hybrids. Here we showed that silencing of SaF or SaM by RNA interference restored male fertility in indica‐japonica hybrids with heterozygous Sa. We further used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐based genome editing to knockout the SaF and SaM alleles, respectively, of an indica rice line to create hybrid‐compatible lines. The resultant artificial neutral alleles did not affect pollen viability and other agricultural traits, but did break down the reproductive barrier in the hybrids. We found that some rice lines have natural neutral allele Sa‐n, which was compatible with the typical japonica or indica Sa alleles in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that SaF and SaM are required for hybrid male sterility, but are not essential for pollen development. This study provides effective approaches for the generation of hybrid‐compatible lines by knocking out the Sa locus or using the natural Sa‐n allele to overcome hybrid male sterility in rice breeding. © 2017 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marital Status and Perceived Discrimination Among Transgender People
Authors: Liu Hui , Wilkinson Lindsey
Published: June 2017

Despite calls for increased attention to the experiences of transgender people, scientific understanding of the stigma and discrimination this population experiences is limited. The authors integrate minority stress and marital advantage perspectives to assess marital status differences in transgender‐related perceived discrimination among transgender people in multiple life domains: the workplace, family, health care, and public accommodations. They analyze one of the first and most comprehensive large‐scale samples of transgender people in the United States (N = 4,286), the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. They find that married transgender respondents tend to report lower levels of perceived discrimination than their cohabiting and previously married transgender counterparts. Married transgender respondents do not, however, report lower levels of perceived discrimination than their never married counterparts, once all covariates are accounted for. These marital status differences appear primarily among transwomen but not transmen. Economic resources account for some, but not all, of these differences.
Effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic oxidative status and early post‐hatch performance of broiler chicks
Authors: Khaligh F. , Hassanabadi A. , Nassiri‐Moghaddam H. , Golian A. , Kalidari G.‐A.
Published: June 2017

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic antioxidant status and early post‐hatch growth performance of broiler chicks. Four hundred and eighty embryonated broiler breeder eggs containing live 18‐day‐old embryos were divided into six groups of 80 eggs each. One group remained intact and served as a control group (i), whereas the other five groups were injected with the prepared injection solutions as follows: (ii) 0.05 ml distilled water; (iii) 0.05 ml distilled water containing 6 mg ascorbic acid; (iv) 0.05 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); (v) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg quercetin; and (vi) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg chrysin. The hatchability rate, hatching weight, residual yolk sac weight, yolk sac‐free body weight, liver weight, hepatic glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities, as well as malondialdehyde concentrations, were not affected by the injected solutions. There were no differences between chicks hatched from the control and in ovo injected eggs in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio from 0 to 11 days of age. However, the specific contrast performed between the in ovo injected groups and intact eggs revealed that in ovo injection significantly increased hatchability rate (p = .0493). This finding also implies that our injection procedure was harmless. In conclusion, the intra‐egg injection of chrysin, quercetin or ascorbic acid at the injection rates used in this study did not have a significant effect on hatchability, somatic characteristics, early growth performance and hepatic antioxidant status of broiler chicks. However, the overall hatchability was higher in the in ovo injected eggs as compared to non‐injected ones. These findings also confirmed the harmlessness of the procedure developed for in ovo injection in this study.
Audio‐computer‐assisted survey interview and patient navigation to increase chronic viral hepatitis diagnosis and linkage to care in urban health clinics
Authors: de la Torre A. N. , Castaneda I. , Ahmad M. , Ekholy N. , Tham N. , Herrera I. B. , Beaty P. , Malapero R. J. , Ayoub F. , Slim J. , Johnson M. B.
Published: June 2017

Intravenous drug use and sexual practices account for 60% of hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) infection. Disclosing these activities can be embarrassing and reduce risk reporting, blood testing and diagnosis. In diagnosed patients, linkage to care remains a challenge. Audio‐computer‐assisted survey interview (Audio‐CASI) was used to guide HCV and HBV infection testing in urban clinics. Risk reporting, blood testing and serology results were compared to historical controls. A patient navigator (PN) followed up blood test results and provided patients with positive serology linkage to care (LTC). Of 1932 patients surveyed, 574 (30%) were at risk for chronic viral hepatitis. A total of 254 (44.3%) patients were tested, 34 (13.5%) had serology warranting treatment evaluation, and 64% required HBV vaccination. Of 16 patients with infection, seven HCV and three HBV patients started treatment following patient LTC. Of 146 HBV‐naïve patients, 70 completed vaccination. About 75% and 49% of HCV antibody and HBV surface antigen‐positive patients were born between 1945 and 1965. Subsequently, automated HCV testing of patients born between 1945 and 1965 was built into our hospital electronic medical records. Average monthly HCV antibody testing increased from 245 (January‐June) to 1187 (July‐October). Patient navigator directed LTC for HCV antibody‐positive patients was 61.6%. In conclusion, audio‐CASI can identify patients at risk for HCV or HBV infection and those in need of HBV vaccination in urban medical clinics. Although blood testing once a patient is identified at risk for infection needs to increase, a PN is useful to provide LTC of newly diagnosed patients.
Diversity and abundance of human‐pathogenic fungi associated with pigeon faeces in urban environments
Authors: Lee Won Dong , Fong Jonathan J. , Eimes John A. , Lim Young Woon
Published: June 2017

Pathogenic fungi are a growing health concern worldwide, particularly in large, densely populated cities. The dramatic upsurge of pigeon populations in cities has been implicated in the increased incidence of invasive fungal infections. In this study, we used a culture‐independent, high‐throughput sequencing approach to describe the diversity of clinically relevant fungi (CRF) associated with pigeon faeces and map the relative abundance of CRF across Seoul, Korea. In addition, we tested whether certain geographical, sociological and meteorological factors were significantly associated with the diversity and relative abundance of CRF. Finally, we compared the CRF diversity of fresh and old pigeon faeces to identify the source of the fungi and the role of pigeons in dispersal. Our results demonstrated that both the composition and relative abundance of CRF are unevenly distributed across Seoul. The green area ratio and the number of multiplex houses were positively correlated with species diversity, whereas wind speed and number of households were negatively correlated. The number of workers and green area ratio were positively correlated with the relative abundance of CRF, whereas wind speed was negatively correlated. Because many CRF were absent in fresh faeces, we inferred that most species cannot survive the gastrointestinal tract of pigeons and instead are likely transmitted through soil or air and use pigeon faeces as a substrate for proliferation.
Covalent attachment and Pro‐Pro endopeptidase (PPEP‐1)‐mediated release of Clostridium difficile cell surface proteins involved in adhesion
Authors: Corver Jeroen , Cordo’ Valentina , van Leeuwen Hans C. , Klychnikov Oleg I. , Hensbergen Paul J.
Published: June 2017

In the past decade, Clostridium difficile has emerged as an important gut pathogen. This anaerobic, Gram‐positive bacterium is the main cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea. Whereas much is known about the mechanism through which the C. difficile toxins cause diarrhea, relatively little is known about the dynamics of adhesion and motility, which is mediated by cell surface proteins. This review will discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the sortase‐mediated covalent attachment of cell surface (adhesion) proteins to the peptidoglycan layer of C. difficile and their release through the action of a highly specific secreted metalloprotease (Pro‐Pro endopeptidase 1, PPEP‐1). Specific emphasis will be on a model in which PPEP‐1 and its substrates control the switch from a sessile to motile phenotype in C. difficile, and how this is regulated by the cyclic dinucleotide c‐di‐GMP (3′‐5′ cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate).
Nutrition in Renal Supportive Care: Patient‐driven and flexible
Authors: Stevenson Jessica , Meade Anthony , Randall Ann‐Maree , Manley Karen , Notaras Stephanie , Heaney Susan , Chan Maria , Smyth Alison , Josland Elizabeth , Brennan Frank Patrick , Brown Mark A
Published: June 2017

Renal Supportive Care is an alternative treatment pathway in advanced chronic kidney disease that is being increasingly adopted, particularly in the elderly. Renal Supportive Care uses principles of palliative care and has been developed to enhance the care for dialysis patients with a high symptom burden and those being managed on a non‐dialysis pathway. Nutrition management is often an under‐recognized component of care and can play an important role in improving patients' quality of life to reduce symptom burden, support physical function and independence and provide appropriate counselling to patients and their families to ensure the goals of Renal Supportive Care are met. Nutrition interventions need to target patient and treatment goals, with frequent monitoring to ensure patient needs are being met. This review outlines available literature on this topic and suggests some practical ways in which nutrition can be enhanced for these patients.
Job satisfaction mediates subjective social status and turnover intention among Chinese nurses
Authors: Feng Danjun , Su Shan , Yang Yang , Xia Jinghua , Su Yonggang
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Nurse turnover is one of the reasons for the global nurse shortage. Although previous studies have examined the determinants of turnover intention in detail, there is limited knowledge on the effect of subjective social status on nurse turnover intention. Therefore, in this study, we examined this relationship, including job satisfaction as a mediator, among Chinese nurses. This cross‐sectional study employed questionnaires to assess subjective social status, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in 581 nurses who were randomly recruited from 10 hospitals in Jinan, China. The results partially supported our model. Although subjective social status exerted no significant direct effect on turnover intention, it exerted a significant indirect effect through job satisfaction. These results provide a new insight into why nurses leave their jobs, and possible new solutions to the nurse turnover problem. Efforts should be made to improve nurses' subjective social status.
Water demand management and the quest for sustainability
Authors: Trowsdale Sam , Golder Caitlin , Fisher Karen , Brierley Gary
Published: June 2017

This paper problematises positivist framings of water demand management (WDM) that define the average‐water‐user. Through a situated, case‐study account undertaken in suburban Auckland, we highlight variable social and cultural underpinnings of domestic water use. Activities that are commonly the focus of WDM are shown to be embedded elements of life around which relationships, affects and futures are woven. As a consequence, myopically focusing on the technical–managerial mediation of what are socionatural relations reduces prospects to achieve intended policy outcomes. Reframing WDM as a hydrosocial process provides a basis for water providers to develop more culturally appropriate water management.
Stem cell‐based tooth and periodontal regeneration
Authors: Hu L , Liu Y , Wang S
Published: June 2017

Currently regeneration of tooth and periodontal damage still remains great challenge. Stem cell‐based tissue engineering raised novel therapeutic strategies for tooth and periodontal repair. Stem cells for tooth and periodontal regeneration include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To date, substantial advances have been made in stem cell‐based tooth and periodontal regeneration, including dentin–pulp, whole tooth, bioroot and periodontal regeneration. Translational investigations have been performed such as dental stem cell banking and clinical trials. In this review, we present strategies for stem cell‐based tissue engineering for tooth and periodontal repair, and the translational studies.
Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Seen in the Pediatric Dermatology Office
Authors: Gittler Julia K. , Mu Euphemia W. , Orlow Seth J.
Published: June 2017

Background/Objectives

Atypical and severe clinical manifestations of primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections may present to a pediatric dermatologist for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of the population diagnosed with HSV referred to a pediatric dermatology office.

Methods

This retrospective case series examined patients diagnosed with HSV in a pediatric dermatology practice at an academic medical center from 2005 to 2015. Characteristics of the population were collected and analyzed.

Results

In this study of 48 children diagnosed with HSV, 33% presented at age 2 years or younger, with approximately half having exhibited initial symptoms before 2 years of age; 39.6% of the population had six or more outbreaks per year. The outbreaks were equally divided between unifocal and multifocal presentations, with 60% of children without any labial or mucosal involvement. Suppressive treatment was initiated in 33% of patients; the average age at initiation was 6 years.

Conclusion

Our data characterize a subset of immunocompetent young children who present to pediatric dermatologists with frequent HSV outbreaks that are often multifocal and involve cutaneous sites, with or without mucosal involvement.
Longitudinal study on the use of dried blood spots for home monitoring in children after kidney transplantation
Authors: Al‐Uzri A. , Freeman K. A. , Wade Jordan , Clark K. , Bleyle L. A. , Munar M. , Koop D. R.
Published: June 2017

The use of DBSs for home monitoring has been limited due to unsatisfactory blood sampling and analytical difficulties. The aim of this longitudinal feasibility trial was to assess the utility of DBS to monitor TAC and Cr at home in transplant recipients. A total of 30 participants (2‐21 years, mean±SD, 13.6±5.4 year) were enrolled over 12 months. Eighteen were males. Monthly DBS samples were obtained at home and mailed to the central laboratory for analysis of TAC and Cr. Nineteen patients completed the study, and 216 cards were received in the laboratory from a total of 279 cards expected, with 416/519 (80%) blood spots being suitable for analysis. We found a high correlation between blood TAC and Cr levels by DBS and the clinical laboratory, R2=.81 and .95, respectively. Fifteen parents and 15 youth completed measures of satisfaction with and preference for DBS testing. All but one parent/caregiver and youth reported satisfaction and preference for this method of testing over laboratory blood draws. We conclude that home DBS monitoring is a feasible method to monitor TAC and Cr in pediatric transplant recipients.
Dietary patterns are associated with the prevalence of alexithymia
Authors: Honkalampi Kirsi , Ruusunen Anu , Viinamäki Heimo , Koivumaa‐Honkanen Heli , Valkonen‐Korhonen Minna , Lehto Soili M.
Published: June 2017

Recent evidence supports the association between healthy dietary patterns and a reduced risk of depression. The objective was: (1) to examine the associations between dietary patterns and alexithymic features; and (2) investigate whether these possible associations are explained by depressive symptoms in a cross‐sectional study among the Finnish general population aged 25–65 years. The study population was a part of the population‐based Kuopio Depression Study (KUDEP) conducted in central‐eastern Finland (n = 1747). Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns from 22 predefined food groups, which were extracted by factor analysis. Alexithymia was assessed using the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20) and depression using the 21‐item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐21). Altogether, 173 of the study subjects (9.9%) were alexithymic. Three dietary patterns were identified: “prudent,” “Western” and “traditional.” Lower scores for a healthy prudent dietary pattern and higher scores for an unhealthy Western dietary pattern were associated with an increased likelihood of belonging to the alexithymic group among subjects with elevated depressive symptoms. Among subjects without depressive symptoms, alexithymia was associated with lower scores in the prudent dietary pattern, but also with higher scores in the traditional dietary pattern. General population subjects with alexithymic features may have unhealthier dietary patterns than non‐alexithymic subjects.