bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GABAergic neurons maturation is regulated by a delicate network
Authors: Gao Mingxing , Wang Kaizhong , Zhao Hui
Published: November 2022

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐expressing (GABAergic) neurons are implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, anxiety, autism, and other pathological processes, including cerebral ischemia injury and drug addiction. Therefore, GABAergic neuronal processes warrant further research. The development of GABAergic neurons is a tightly controlled process involving the activity of multiple transcription and growth factors. Here, we focus on the gene expression pathways and the molecular modulatory networks that are engaged during the development of GABAergic neurons with the goal of exploring regulatory mechanisms that influence GABAergic neuron fate (i.e., maturation). Overall, we hope to provide a basis for clarifying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
Impact of tumor size on the difficulty of laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomies
Authors: Aizza Giada , Russolillo Nadia , Ferrero Alessandro , Syn Nicholas L. , Cipriani Federica , Aghayan Davit , Marino Marco V. , Memeo Riccardo , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Chiow Adrian K. H. , Sucandy Iswanto , Ivanecz Arpad , Vivarelli Marco , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Choi Sung‐Hoon , Lee Jae Hoon , Park James O. , Gastaca Mikel , Fondevila Constantino , Efanov Mikhail , Rotellar Fernando , Choi Gi‐Hong , Robles‐Campos Ricardo , Wang Xiaoying , Sutcliffe Robert P. , Pratschke Johann , Tang Chung Ngai , Chong Charing C. , D'Hondt Mathieu , Yong Chee Chien , Ruzzenente Andrea , Herman Paolo , Kingham T. Peter , Scatton Olivier , Liu Rong , Levi Sandri Giovanni Battista , Soubrane Olivier , Mejia Alejandro , Lopez‐Ben Santiago , Monden Kazateru , Wakabayashi Go , Cherqui Daniel , Troisi Roberto I. , Yin Mengqiu , Giuliante Felice , Geller David , Sugioka Atsushi , Edwin Bjorn , Cheung Tan‐To , Long Tran Cong Duy , Hilal Mohammad Abu , Fuks David , Chen Kuo‐Hsin , Aldrighetti Luca , Han Ho‐Seong , Goh Brian K. P. ,   International Robotic and Laparoscopic Liver Resection study group investigators
Published: November 2022

Background

Tumor size (TS) represents a critical parameter in the risk assessment of laparoscopic liver resections (LLR). Moreover, TS has been rarely related to the extent of liver resection. The aim of this study was to study the relationship between tumor size and difficulty of laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (L‐LLS).

Methods

The impact of TS cutoffs was investigated by stratifying tumor size at each 10 mm‐interval. The optimal cutoffs were chosen taking into consideration the number of endpoints which show a statistically significant split around the cut‐points of interest and the magnitude of relative risk after correction for multiple risk factors.

Results

A total of 1910 L‐LLS were included. Overall, open conversion and intraoperative blood transfusion were 3.1 and 3.3%, respectively. The major morbidity rate was 2.7% and 90‐days mortality 0.6%. Three optimal TS cutoffs were identified: 40‐, 70‐, and 100‐mm. All the selected cutoffs showed a significant discriminative power for the prediction of open conversion, operative time, blood transfusion and need of Pringle maneuver. Moreover, 70‐ and 100‐mm cutoffs were both discriminative for estimated blood loss and major complications. A stepwise increase in rates of open conversion rate (Z = 3.90, P < .001), operative time (Z = 3.84, P < .001), blood loss (Z = 6.50, P < .001), intraoperative blood transfusion rate (Z = 5.15, P < .001), Pringle maneuver use (Z = 6.48, P < .001), major morbidity(Z = 2.17, P = .030) and 30‐days readmission (Z = 1.99, P = .047) was registered as the size increased.

Conclusion

L‐LLS for tumors of increasing size was associated with poorer intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes suggesting increasing difficulty of the procedure. We determined three optimal TS cutoffs (40‐, 70‐ and 100‐mm) to accurately stratify surgical difficulty after L‐LLS.
A vignette study of novices' interviewing skills of asylum seekers
Authors: Kask Kristjan , Groznov Nikita , van Veldhuizen Tanja
Published: November 2022

The aim of the current research was to replicate Van Veldhuizen, Horselenberg, Landstrom, et al.’s (2017) vignette study among novice Estonian police cadets to map their interviewing skills. Sixty‐one police cadets from the Estonian Academy of Security Sciences were asked to respond to one of four vignettes that contained fictitious asylum narratives. Two of the vignettes contained no evidence for the origin of the asylum seeker, and the other two contained no evidence for the claim of persecution. The cadets were asked to formulate five questions that would help them to assess the credibility of the applicant's claim. We coded the style, type, and content of the questions. Our analyses showed that, in line with best practice, the cadets mainly formulated open questions in an information‐gathering style. A thematic analysis revealed that when a claim about origin was assessed, cadets typically formulated questions about life in the country of origin, identity documents, and the flight to Europe. When assessing a persecution claim, in contrast, they mostly formulated case‐specific questions.
Infection phase‐dependent dynamics of the viral and host N6‐methyladenosine epitranscriptome in the lifecycle of an oncogenic virus in vivo
Authors: Zhuang Guoqing , Zhao Xuyang , Jin Jiaxin , Zhu Xiaojing , Wang Rui , Zhai Yunyun , Lu Wenlong , Liao Yifei , Teng Man , Yao Yongxiu , Nair Venugopal , Yao Wen , Sun Aijun , Luo Jun , Zhang Gaiping
Published: November 2022

Dynamic alteration of the epitranscriptome exerts regulatory effects on the lifecycle of oncogenic viruses in vitro. However, little is known about these effects in vivo because of the general lack of suitable animal infection models of these viruses. Using a model of rapid‐onset Marek's disease lymphoma in chickens, we investigated changes in viral and host messenger RNA (mRNA) N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification during Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in vivo. We found that the expression of major epitranscriptomic proteins varies among viral infection phases, reprogramming both the viral and the host epitranscriptomes. Specifically, the methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)/14 complex was suppressed during the lytic and reactivation phases of the MDV lifecycle, whereas its expression was increased during the latent phase and in MDV‐induced tumors. METTL3/14 overexpression inhibits, whereas METTL3/14 knockdown enhances, MDV gene expression and replication. These findings reveal the dynamic features of the mRNA m6A modification program during viral replication in vivo, especially in relation to key pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
The effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on cardiac function in post‐COVID‐19 survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Koyanagi Ai , Banitalebi Ebrahim , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Il Shin Jae , Smith Lee
Published: November 2022

The longitudinal trajectories of cardiac structure and function following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are unclear. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to elucidate the effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on cardiac function in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) survivors after recovery.

PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to 1st August 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate the pooled effects size and 95% confidence interval of each outcome.

A total of 21 studies including 2394 individuals (1436 post‐COVID‐19 cases and 958 controls) were included in the present meta‐analysis. The pooled analyses compared with control groups showed a significant association between post‐COVID‐19 and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF), LV end‐diastolic volume (LV EDV), LV stroke volume (LV SV), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), global longitudinal strain, right ventricular EF (RV EF), RV EDV, RV ESV, RV SV, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and increased LV mass. Subgroup analysis based on the severity of COVID‐19 in the acute phase and subsequent chronic outcomes revealed that LV EF, MAPSE, RV EF, and RV ESV only decreased in studies including patients with a history of intensive care unit admission.

Cardiac impairment after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection persisted in recovered COVID‐19 patients even after 1 year. Future studies are warranted to determine the biological mechanisms underlying the long‐term cardiovascular consequences of COVID‐19.
Raman spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of Lornoxicam in solid dosage forms
Authors: Aymen Sammia , Nawaz Haq , Majeed Muhammad Irfan , Rashid Nosheen , Ehsan Usama , Shahzad Rida , Ali Muhammad Zeeshan , Rimsha Gull , Fatima Rida , Meraj Lubna , Sadaf Nimra , Ali Zain
Published: November 2022

In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize different formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Lornoxicam, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The Raman spectral characteristic peaks associated with API and excipients are identified, which increase or decrease as their concentrations change in different formulations. The spectral response was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using chemometrics tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) model and partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis model, respectively. The characteristic Raman spectral features associated with the different formulations of API of Lornoxicam were used to differentiate different groups of Raman spectral data using PCA. By using PLSR model, root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) was found to be 0.76 mg during the development of prediction model and according to the (R2) value, the goodness of the model was found to be 0.99. Furthermore, the concentration of API in the blind sample was measured. In comparison to the 15/35 mg (w/w), this concentration was projected to be 14.13/35 mg (w/w). Raman spectroscopy along with PCA and PLSR analyses is a useful tool for determining the concentration of Lornoxicam in pharmaceutical samples, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Chemical and metabolic profiling of Codonopsis Radix extract with an integrated strategy using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Tang Xi‐Yang , Zeng Jia‐Xing , Wang Xiao‐Xing , Xu Wan‐Yi , Zhao Peng‐Cheng , Fan Cai‐Lian , Yao Zhi‐Hong , Yao Xin‐Sheng , Dai Yi
Published: November 2022

Codonopsis radix was commonly used as food materials or herbal medicines in many countries. However, the comprehensive analysis of chemical constituents, and in vivo xenobiotics of Codonopsis radix remain unclear. In the present study, an integrated strategy with feature‐based molecular networking using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was established to systematically screen the chemical constituents and the in vivo xenobiotics of Codonopsis radix. A step‐by‐step manner based on a composition database, visual structure classification, discriminant ions, and metabolite software prediction was proposed to overcome the complexities due to the similar structure of chemical constituents and metabolites of Codonopsis radix. As a result, 103 compounds were tentatively characterized, 20 of which were identified by reference standards. Besides, a total of 50 xenobiotics were detected in vivo, including 26 prototypes and 24 metabolites, while the metabolic features of the pyrrolidine alkaloids were elucidated for the first time. The metabolism reactions of pyrrolidine alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones included oxidation, methylation, hydration, hydrogenation, demethylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. This study provided a generally applicable approach to the comprehensive investigation of the chemical and metabolic profile of traditional Chinese medicine and offered reasonable guidelines for further screening of quality control indicators and pharmacodynamics mechanism of Codonopsis radix.
Eczema herpeticum and impetigo herpetiformis, is there a link?
Authors: Cassalia Fortunato , Tartaglia Jacopo , Zardo Davide , Caroppo Francesca , Belloni Fortina Anna
Published: November 2022

Impetigo herpetiformis (IH) is a rare variant of pustular psoriasis with typical onset during the third trimester of pregnancy; it is characterized by erythematous plaques lined with sterile pustules and sometimes there may be systemic involvement. On the other hand, eczema herpeticum (EH) is defined as a disseminated skin infection by herpes simplex virus type 1, which mainly affects patients characterized by an impaired integrity of the skin barrier, mostly atopic dermatitis. We report the case of a 30‐year‐old woman, primigravida at 28 + 3 weeks of gestation, who after asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection for about 7 days presented to the emergency room with a burning and itching rash on the trunk and limbs. She reported a long‐standing history of atopic dermatitis and recurrent herpetic eruptions. The diagnosis of EH was made and systemic therapy was set with excellent results. A few days later, the patient developed a pustular rash in the areas previously affected by EH, with histologic features of IH. A relation between EH and IH is thus suggested.
Influencers' “organic” persuasion through electronic word of mouth: A case of sincerity over brains and beauty
Authors: Filieri Raffaele , Acikgoz Fulya , Li Chunyu , Alguezaui Salma
Published: November 2022

Despite the growing importance of influencers' word‐of‐mouth through audiovisual content, little is known about its effect on consumers' brand evaluation, purchase intentions, and decisions. Drawing on Ohanian's source credibility framework, we conducted two studies across different influencers, product categories, and respondents' gender and tested the hypotheses using covariance‐based and partial least square structural equation modeling. Study 1 focuses on a mega‐influencer of cosmetic and beauty brands and predominantly involves female respondents. The findings show that the influencer's attractiveness affects perceptions about source expertise and source trustworthiness but not brand attitude, while source expertise predicts source trustworthiness, and both mediate the effect of source attractiveness on brand attitude. In contrast, brand attitude predicts purchase intention and mediates the impact of source credibility dimensions. Study 2 focuses on various influencers of hedonic products (lifestyle, fashion, and beauty). The results confirm the influence of source attractiveness and expertise on source trustworthiness, which ultimately predicts consumer purchase decisions. This study reveals the interdependencies between different source constructs, contributing to source credibility theory. Furthermore, we show that the effect of source dimensions that are relevant in the celebrity endorsement literature, such as source attractiveness, do not directly influence consumers' intentions and decisions in the context of influencers' electronic word of mouth. Finally, the two studies confirm that only influencers perceived as honest and sincere can influence consumers' purchase decisions.
Specificity of the decision‐making mechanism in public corporations
Authors: Yang Xiaoke , Wu Lidong
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the system of differences in the decision‐making algorithms between public corporations and private ones for similar tasks. It was determined that situational and behavioral factors influence the decision‐making process in corporations. Based on the interpretation of the results of the survey of heads of private and public corporations, models for structuring decisions in public and private corporations have been built. The analysis of the constructed models made it possible to identify and formulate a system of differences in the decision‐making mechanism and factors influencing decision making in public corporations.
On spatial Fourier spectrum of rogue wave breathers
Authors: Karjanto Natanael
Published: November 2022

We derive exact analytical expressions for the spatial Fourier spectrum of the soliton family on a constant background. Also known as breathers, these solitons are exact solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and are considered as prototypes for rogue wave models. Depending on the periodicity in the spatial‐temporal domain, the characteristics in the wavenumber‐temporal domain may feature either a continuous or discrete spectrum.
Pediatric cancer‐associated thrombosis: Analysis from a tertiary care cancer center in India
Authors: Dhariwal Nidhi , Gollamudi Venkata Rama Mohan , Sangeetha K. P. , Parambil Badira Cheriyalinkal , Moulik Nirmalya Roy , Dhamne Chetan , Prasad Maya , Vora Tushar , Chinnaswamy Girish , Kembhavi Seema , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Gujral Sumeet , Banavali S. D. , Narula Gaurav
Published: November 2022

Background and aims

Thrombotic events (TEs) have been extensively studied in adult cancer patients, but data in children are limited. We prospectively analyzed pediatric cancer‐associated thrombosis (PCAT) in children with malignancies.

Methods

Children below 15 years of age with confirmed malignancies, treated at a large tertiary cancer center in India from July 2015 to March 2020 developing any TE were eligible. A standardized approach for detection and management was followed. Data were collected after informed consent.

Results

Of 6132 eligible children, 150 (2.44%) had 152 TEs, with median age 8.5 years and male:female of 1.83:1. Most TEs occurred on chemotherapy: 111 (74.0%). The most common site was central nervous system (CNS) 59 (39.3%), followed by upper‐limb venous system 37 (24.7%). Hemato‐lymphoid (HL) malignancies were more prone to PCAT than solid tumors (ST) (incidence 3.23% vs. 1.58%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.36–2.88];p < .001). Malignancies associated with PCAT were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 2.94%, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 6.66%, and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas 5.35%. Response imaging done in 106 (70.7%) children showed complete to partial resolution in almost 90% children. Death was attributable to TE in seven (4.66%) children. Age above 10 years (OR 2.33, 95% CI [1.59–3.41];p < .001), AML (OR 4.62, 95% CI [1.98–10.74];p = .0062), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 4.01, 95% CI [1.15–14.04];p = .029) were significantly associated with TEs. In ALL, age more than 10 years (OR 1.86, 95% CI [1.06–3.24];p < .03), T‐ALL (OR 3.32, 95% CI [1.69–6.54];p = .001), and intermediate‐risk group (OR 4.97, 95% CI [1.12–22.02];p = .035) were significantly associated with thrombosis. The 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for HL malignancies with PCAT was 55.3% versus 72.1% in those without PCAT (p = .05), overall survival (OS) being 84.6% versus 80.0% (p = .32).

Conclusion

Incidence of PCAT was 2.4%, and occurred predominantly in older children with hematolymphoid malignancies early in treatment. Most resolved completely with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and mortality was low. In hematolymphoid malignancies, PCAT reduce EFS, highlighting the need for prevention.
Tribological and thermogravimetric performance of flax/bamboo hybrid composites for gear applications: Influence of the stacking sequence
Authors: Vijayakumar Amal Alliyankal , James Nidhin , Prasad Vishnu , Divakaran Mahipal , Kochunny Manesh Kailathuvalappil
Published: November 2022

Plastic gears are widely used for various applications; however high environmental problems, low working life, and weak wear performance caused by high contact friction and running temperatures limited their use, particularly in medium‐to‐high power transmission. This study is an initial approach to develop and investigate hybrid woven‐natural fiber reinforced polymer composites for medium‐to‐high power transmission gears. Also, no research has been proposed to investigate the thermal stability and degradation, and wear performance of hybrid flax(F)/bamboo(B) woven composites. The current work seeks to regulate the wear, friction, and thermal stability of flax/bamboo hybrid epoxy composites by carefully selecting the stacking sequence. The composites were stacked in following sequence: F/B/B/F, B/F/F/B, F/F/B/B, and F/B/F/B. The tribological and thermal performance of the composites were investigated using a pin on a rotating disc test (ASTM G99) and thermogravimetric analysis (ASTM E 1131‐03) under ambient conditions. Results revealed that the stacking sequence significantly influenced the thermal stability and degradation, and wear properties. The thermal stability of B/F/F/B was found to be higher, demonstrating the increase in the amount of char residue in placing bamboo lamina as the skin. Tribological results indicate that the hybridization of flax/bamboo fibers into an epoxy matrix enhanced the wear performance. Also, B/F/F/B exhibited the maximum reduction in coefficient of friction and specific wear compared with pure epoxy (26%–50% and 65%–94%) and F/F/B/B (16%–49% and 21%–40%). The morphology of worn surfaces was studied in detail to correlate the specific wear rate with wear mechanisms. Based on the improved thermal and wear resistance, bio‐composite with B/F/F/B stacking can be used for gear applications.
Mepolizumab: Therapeutic strategy for a pediatric patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Ozola Lota , Aleksejeva Elīna , Stoldere Diāna , Dāvidsone Zane , Šantere Ruta , Grantiņa Ineta , Cīrule Ieva , Krams Alvils
Published: November 2022

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; formerly known as Churg‐Strauss syndrome) is classified as an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated small vessel vasculitis. It is a multisystem disorder and can affect every organ system. EGPA is a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence of 1/70,000–100,000 in Europe. As its onset usually occurs in adulthood, data from pediatric patients are limited. We present here a very rare practical EGPA clinical case involving a pediatric patient. Presently, data on mepolizumab usage in pediatric patients are limited, with only a few case reports published.
Characterization and Testing for Lowest Eutectic Mixture of TNBA/DNTF
Authors: Yu Zhihong , Song Xiaolan , Kou Yong , Wang Yi , An Chongwei
Published: November 2022

In this work, electrostatic spraying was used to prepare TNBA/DNTF eutectic mixtures with different mass ratios. The T−X phase diagram and the H−X phase diagram were drawn from the DSC curves of the eutectic mixtures. The morphology, composition, structure, thermal decomposition properties, mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, and detonation properties of the lowest eutectic were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS), thermal sensitivity tests, mechanical sensitivity tests, and detonation performance calculations. The results showed that the best molar ratio of TNBA to DNTF was 59.41 : 40.59, whereas the best mass ratio was 60.17 : 39.83. The microscopic morphology was free of sharp edges and corners, the component proportions were the same as before electrostatic spraying, the surface elements were evenly distributed, and the crystal structure was essentially the same as those of the raw materials. The melting temperature was 352.0 K, which was 21.0 K and 33.1 K lower than those of the TNBA and DNTF raw materials, respectively. The thermal decomposition reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (EK), and preexponential factor (AK) of the lowest eutectic were 0.398 s−1, 81.34 kJ ⋅ mol−1, and 4.86×107 s−1, respectively. In the lowest eutectic, the component TNBA began to thermally decompose first, followed by DNTF. The main decomposition products of the lowest eutectic were CH4, H2O, H2, CO, N2, NH3, CO2, and N2O, with a small amount of C. The impact sensitivity (H50), friction sensitivity (P), and 5 s explosion temperature (T5s) of the lowest eutectic mixture were 39.7 cm, 28 %, and 563 K, respectively. Its detonation performance (OB=−36.52 %, QD=−4658 kJ ⋅ kg−1, vD=7598.37 m ⋅ s−1) was intermediate between those of TNBA and DNTF. The main detonation products were CO2, N2, CO, C(d), H2O, Br, and CH2O2.
Evaluation of the success and complication rates of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography according to the difficulty of the procedure
Authors: Demir Teyfik , Ustaoglu Muge
Published: November 2022

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), is an invasive procedure with a high complication rate used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary system diseases. A system that grading the difficulty and complexity of the ERCP procedure has been developed by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). The aim of the study is to evaluate the degree of difficulty of ERCP procedures according to the ASGE grading system and its effectiveness in predicting the success and complications of the procedure. A total of 600 patients who underwent ERCP were evaluated retrospectively. Of all ERCP procedures, 5.5% were classified as ASGE 1, 46.8% as ASGE 2, 39% as ASGE 3, and 8.6% as ASGE 4. In all procedures, the successful cannulation rate was 96.3%, the technical success rate was 96%, and the clinical success rate was 94.8%. The procedure's success decreased linearly and the need for repetition increased linearly as the ASGE grade increased (p > .05). In terms of complications, there was no statistical difference between ASGE 1–3 and 4. We believe that the ASGE grading system will be useful in clinical practice, particularly for less experienced endoscopists in ERCP procedures.
Constructing NCuS Interface Chemical Bonds over SnS2 for Efficient Solar‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Chengming , Wang Meng , Gao Kaiyue , Zhu Haibao , Ma Jie , Fang Xiaolong , Wang Xiufang , Ding Yi
Published: November 2022

The restricted charge transfer and slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dynamics tremendously hamper the realistic implementation of SnS2 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, a novel strategy is developed to construct interfacial NCuS bonds between NC skeletons and SnS2 (CuNC@SnS2) for efficient PEC water splitting. Compared with SnS2, the PEC activity of CuNC@SnS2 photoelectrode is tremendously heightened, obtaining a current density of 3.40 mA cm2 at 1.23 VRHE with a negatively shifted onset potential of 0.04 VRHE, which is 6.54 times higher than that of SnS2. The detailed experimental characterizations and theoretical calculation demonstrate that the interfacial NCuS bonds enhance the OER kinetic, reduce the surface overpotential, facilitate the separation of photon‐generated carriers, and provide a fast transmission channel for electrons. This work presents a new approach for modulating charge transfer by interfacial bond design in heterojunction photoelectrodes toward promoting PEC performance and solar energy application.
Silver Nanowire Electrodes Integrated in Organic Solar Cells with Thick Active Layer Based on a Low‐Cost Donor Polymer
Authors: Ibrahim Zamkoye Issoufou , Bouclé Johann , Leclerc Nicolas , Lucas Bruno , Vedraine Sylvain
Published: November 2022

Transparent electrodes are a key component in the manufacturing of optoelectronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes, touch screens, and solar cells. The transparent electrode commonly used in this field is based on indium tin oxide (ITO). It contains indium, which is an expensive, rare, difficult to extract, and depleting element, hence the need to find an alternative. Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are one of the best alternatives due to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Herein, it is shown that embedding AgNWs between two layers of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) leads to superior optical and electrical performance. The validation of the ZnONPs/AgNWs/ZnONPs electrode using the reference PF2:PC70BM organic active layer, known to present a long carrier lifetime, in inverted solar cell architectures shows an increased absorption of the active layer. This enhancement is due to the electrical field resulting from plasmonic resonance because the absorption is proportional to the square of the electric field amplitude. Through photoluminescence spectroscopy, a shorter exciton lifetime in PF2 in the presence of AgNWs is also observed. All these processes lead to improved photovoltaic performance compared to ITO‐based reference, with approximately 20% increase in photocurrent and overall power conversion efficiency.
Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Hayat Asif , Sohail Muhammad , Ali Hamid , Taha T. A. , Qazi H. I. A. , Ur Rahman Naveed , Ajmal Zeeshan , Kalam Abul , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Wageh S. , Amin Mohammed A. , Palamanit Arkom , Nawawi W. I. , Newair Emad F. , Orooji Yasin
Published: November 2022

Recently, the growing demand for a renewable and sustainable fuel alternative is contingent on fuel cell technologies. Even though it is regarded as an environmentally sustainable method of generating fuel for immediate concerns, it must be enhanced to make it extraordinarily affordable, and environmentally sustainable. Hydrogen (H2) synthesis by electrochemical water splitting (ECWS) is considered one of the foremost potential prospective methods for renewable energy output and H2society implementation. Existing massive H2output is mostly reliant on the steaming reformation of carbon fuels that yield CO2together with H2and is a finite resource. ECWS is a viable, efficient, and contamination‐free method for H2evolution. Consequently, developing reliable and cost‐effective technology for ECWS was a top priority for scientists around the globe. Utilizing renewable technologies to decrease total fuel utilization is crucial for H2evolution. Capturing and transforming the fuel from the ambient through various renewable solutions for water splitting (WS) could effectively reduce the need for additional electricity. ECWS is among the foremost potential prospective methods for renewable energy output and the achievement of a H2‐based economy. For the overall water splitting (OWS), several transition‐metal‐based polyfunctional metal catalysts for both cathode and anode have been synthesized. Furthermore, the essential to the widespread adoption of such technology is the development of reduced‐price, super functional electrocatalysts to substitute those, depending on metals. Many metal‐premised electrocatalysts for both the anode and cathode have been designed for the WS process. The attributes of H2and oxygen (O2) dynamics interactions on the electrodes of water electrolysis cells and the fundamental techniques for evaluating the achievement of electrocatalysts are outlined in this paper. Special emphasis is paid to their fabrication, electrocatalytic performance, durability, and measures for enhancing their efficiency. In addition, prospective ideas on metal‐based WS electrocatalysts based on existing problems are presented. It is anticipated that this review will offer a straight direction toward the engineering and construction of novel polyfunctional electrocatalysts encompassing superior efficiency in a suitable WS technique.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Mott cell lymphoma in nine miniature dachshunds
Authors: Ohmi Aki , Tanaka Miho , Rinno Jun , Tsuboi Masaya , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Goto‐Koshino Yuko , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime
Published: November 2022

Background

Lymphoma with Mott cell change, or Mott cell lymphoma (MCL), is an uncommon variant of canine lymphoma. Because of its rare occurrence, there has been no comprehensive study describing the disease so far. Miniature dachshunds, a popular breed in Japan, sometimes experience MCL.

Objectives

To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of MCL in miniature dachshunds.

Methods

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify miniature dachshunds diagnosed with MCL and other types of lymphoma. Data on clinical and laboratory findings, treatments and outcomes were collected. Survival times were compared between miniature dachshunds with MCL and other types of lymphoma.

Results

Of the 87 miniature dachshunds diagnosed with lymphoma, 9 (10%) had cytological characteristics of MCL. All 9 miniature dachshunds with MCL were categorised as having alimentary lymphoma (small and/or large intestine, 6 dogs; mesenteric lymph node, 3 dogs). The median age was 3.1 years (range, 2.0–9.4 years). All nine dogs were treated with chemotherapeutic protocols used for large cell lymphoma or alkylating agents such as melphalan or chlorambucil. The overall response rate to initial chemotherapy was 78%, and the median progression‐free survival was 105 days. Overall survival in these nine dogs ranged from 6 to >1513 days (median, 240 days), which was significantly longer than in 29 miniature dachshunds with alimentary large cell lymphoma other than MCL (median, 57 days;p = 0.0491).

Conclusions

MCL in miniature dachshunds can be recognised as a peculiar type of B‐cell lymphoma occurring in relatively young dogs as an alimentary form and has a longer survival compared with typical alimentary large cell lymphoma.
Morphological differences and migration patterns of greater and lesser snow geese in New York State
Authors: Sliwinski Stephen M. , Schummer Michael L. , Alice Lindsay K. , Whipps Christopher M. , Dunn David A. , Wagner Matthew R.
Published: November 2022

Lesser (Chen caerulescens caerulescens, LSGO) and greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica, GSGO) populations have increased substantially in the past 50 years. The light goose conservation order established in 1998 (Canada) and 1999 (U.S.) aimed to increase snow goose harvest and stabilize populations because breeding ground abundance was thought to negatively impact arctic ecosystems. In the Atlantic flyway, where LSGO and GSGO are both available for harvest, techniques to differentiate sub‐species in the field using morphology may be helpful for harvest management because mid‐continent LSGO are ~16 times more abundant than GSGO (n < 1,000,000). We investigated percentages and spatial distribution of LSGO and GSGO in the spring harvest in NY as this information could be useful for snow goose population and harvest management decisions. We developed a discriminant function analysis (DFA) using heads from snow geese harvested during spring 2016 to 2018 and were able to differentiate between LSGO and GSGO with 95.5% accuracy. Based on the DFA results, we estimated that spring harvest in New York state was 80% GSGO and 20% LSGO. Using band recoveries from autumn and spring harvests, we also identified that GSGO harvest occurred farther west during spring than autumn and in the 2010s than prior two decades. Our results indicate that GSGO comprise most snow goose harvest in New York state and provide evidence for a shift in spring migration patterns of GSGO since the 1990s.
Adult white‐tailed deer survival in hunted populations on public and private lands
Authors: Wiskirchen Kevyn H. , Jacobsen Todd C. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Demarais Steve , Grand James B.
Published: November 2022

Estimates of sex‐ and age‐specific survival are important for guiding population management decisions for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). However, differences in deer survival between public and private lands can exist and, if unaccounted for, may affect wildlife agencies' ability to effectively manage statewide and local deer populations. From 2014 to 2016, we radiocollared and monitored survival of 79 adult white‐tailed deer (141 deer‐years; 62 male, 79 female) on 2 public and 2 private properties in Alabama, USA. We assessed the effects of sex, age, and landownership type (i.e., public or private) on adult white‐tailed deer harvest and survival patterns using an information‐theoretic approach. Hunter harvest accounted for 77% of observed mortalities (n = 23/30), but harvest and survival rates varied by sex and age. Harvest and survival were similar between public and private property despite more restrictive hunting regulations for antlered deer on public areas. Similar harvest rates were likely due to self‐imposed, quality deer management (QDM) harvest strategies on private land that emulated the effects of a state‐mandated antler point restriction (APR) on public land. Our findings indicate survival rates of adult white‐tailed deer may be applicable across landownership types where state‐mandated harvest regulations with respect to males are more restrictive on public than private property, due to the popularity of QDM by private‐land deer hunters. However, where regulations are similar across landownership types (e.g., no state‐mandated APR), differences in harvest and survival rates may exist.
Towards a Foundation of Web3
Authors: Buldas Ahto , Draheim Dirk , Gault Mike , Saarepera Märt
Published: November 2022

The Web3 vision takes blockchain disintermediation to a next level by making it ubiquitous, encompassing not only payments and financial services but also digital identities, data and business models. Recently, Web3 has gained massive attention by major analysts such as Gartner, Forrester, Forbes Technology Council and the Harvard Business Review. Albeit the current enthusiasm about Web3, we are lost in a state of confusion about what Web3 actually is – or could be. In this paper, we take an engineering approach. We discuss a potential foundation of Web3 in terms of fundamental components, architectural principles and a Web3 design space. We conclude that, from an engineering viewpoint, the Web3 can be characterized as the integration of digital rights exchange into the (application layer) internet protocols. Finally, on the basis of these findings, we discuss the Alphabill platform as a Web3 enabling technology.
On Drell-Yan production of scalar leptoquarks coupling to heavy-quark flavours
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Schnell Luc , Schulte Stefan
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Given the hints of lepton-flavour non-universality in semi-leptonic B decays, leptoquark (LQ) models with sizeable couplings to heavy-quark flavours are enjoying a renaissance. While such models are subject to stringent constraints from low-energy experiments also bounds from non-resonant dilepton searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) turn out to be phenomenologically relevant. Based on the latest LHC dilepton analyses corresponding to an integrated luminosity of around 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV, we present improved limits on the scalar LQ couplings that involve heavy-quark flavours and light or heavy dileptons. In particular, we show that effects beyond the leading order that are related to real QCD emissions are relevant in this context, since the inclusion of additional heavy-flavoured jets notably improves the exclusion limits that derive from the high-mass dilepton tails. The impact of electroweak corrections and interference effects between signal and background is also analysed. Within the POWHEG-BOX framework we provide a dedicated Monte Carlo code that allows for an on-the-fly signal event generation including all the LQ corrections considered in this article.
Tricritical phenomena in holographic chiral phase transitions
Authors: Matsumoto Masataka
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We study critical phenomena at a tricritical point associated with a chiral phase transition which emerges in the D3/D7 model in the presence of a finite baryon number density and an external magnetic field. We numerically determine critical exponents related to the thermodynamic quantities and correlation functions. We find that the values of the critical exponents agree with the mean-field values. The scaling relations between the critical exponents are satisfied, implying that the scaling hypothesis for the free energy and the correlation functions hold. Our results indicate that the critical phenomena at the tricritical point in the D3/D7 model are well described by the conventional Landau theory.
Quest for realistic non-singular black-hole geometries: regular-center type
Authors: Maeda Hideki
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We propose seven criteria to single out physically reasonable non-singular black-hole models and adopt them to four different spherically symmetric models with a regular center and their rotating counterparts. In general relativity, all such non-singular black holes are non-generic with a certain matter field including a class of nonlinear electromagnetic fields. According to a criterion that the effective energy-momentum tensor should satisfy all the standard energy conditions in asymptotically flat regions, the well- known Bardeen and Hayward black holes are discarded. In contrast, the Dymnikova and Fan-Wang black holes respect the dominant energy condition everywhere. Although the rotating Fan-Wang black hole contains a curvature singularity, the rotating Dymnikova black hole is free from scalar polynomial curvature singularities and closed timelike curves. In addition, the dominant energy condition is respected on and outside the event horizons in the latter case. The absence of parallelly propagated curvature singularities remains an open question.
The Octagon at large M
Authors: Argurio Riccardo , Bertolini Matteo , Franco Sebastián , García-Valdecasas Eduardo , Meynet Shani , Pasternak Antoine , Tatitscheff Valdo
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Recently, the first instance of a model of D-branes at Calabi-Yau singularities where supersymmetry is broken dynamically into stable vacua has been proposed. This construction was based on a system of N regular and M = 1 fractional branes placed at the tip of the so-called (orientifolded) Octagon singularity. In this paper we show that this model admits a large M generalization, having the same low energy effective dynamics. This opens up the possibility that the effect on geometry is smooth, and amenable to describing the gauge theory all along the RG flow, including the deep IR, in terms of a weakly coupled gravity dual background. The relevance of this result in the wider context of the string landscape and the Swampland program is also discussed.
Optimal Narain CFTs from codes
Authors: Angelinos Nikolaos , Chakraborty Debarghya , Dymarsky Anatoly
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Recently established connection between additive codes and Narain CFTs provides a new tool to construct theories with special properties and solve modular bootstrap constraints by reducing them to algebraic identities. We generalize previous constructions to include many new theories, in particular we show that all known optimal Narain theories, i.e. those maximizing the value of spectral gap, can be constructed from codes. For asymptotically large central charge c we show there are code theories with the spectral gap growing linearly with c, with the coefficient saturating the conjectural upper bound. We therefore conjecture that optimal Narain theories for any value of c can be obtained from codes.
The role of tyrosine hydroxylase–dopamine pathway in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Zhou Zhi Dong , Saw Wuan Ting , Ho Patrick Ghim Hoe , Zhang Zhi Wei , Zeng Li , Chang Ya Yin , Sun Alfred Xu Yang , Ma Dong Rui , Wang Hong Yan , Zhou Lei , Lim Kah Leong , Tan Eng-King
Published: November 2022

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by selective and progressive dopamine (DA) neuron loss in the substantia nigra and other brain regions, with the presence of Lewy body formation. Most PD cases are sporadic, whereas monogenic forms of PD have been linked to multiple genes, including Leucine kinase repeat 2 (LRRK2) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), two protein kinase genes involved in multiple signaling pathways. There is increasing evidence to suggest that endogenous DA and DA-dependent neurodegeneration have a pathophysiologic role in sporadic and familial PD.

Methods

We generated patient-derived dopaminergic neurons and human midbrain-like organoids (hMLOs), transgenic (TG) mouse and Drosophila models, expressing both mutant and wild-type (WT) LRRK2 and PINK1. Using these models, we examined the effect of LRRK2 and PINK1 on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)–DA pathway.

Results

We demonstrated that PD-linked LRRK2 mutations were able to modulate TH–DA pathway, resulting in up-regulation of DA early in the disease which subsequently led to neurodegeneration. The LRRK2-induced DA toxicity and degeneration were abrogated by wild-type (WT) PINK1 (but not PINK1 mutations), and early treatment with a clinical-grade drug, α-methyl-L-tyrosine (α-MT), a TH inhibitor, was able to reverse the pathologies in human neurons and TG Drosophila models. We also identified opposing effects between LRRK2 and PINK1 on TH expression, suggesting that functional balance between these two genes may regulate the TH–DA pathway.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the vital role of the TH–DA pathway in PD pathogenesis. LRRK2 and PINK1 have opposing effects on the TH–DA pathway, and its balance affects DA neuron survival. LRRK2 or PINK1 mutations can disrupt this balance, promoting DA neuron demise. Our findings provide support for potential clinical trials using TH–DA pathway inhibitors in early or prodromic PD.
Correction to: Eigenvalue bifurcation in doubly nonlinear problems with an application to surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Dohnal Tomáš , Romani Giulio
Published: November 2022

This erratum corrects some errors which appear in [Dohnal T., Romani G., Eigenvalue bifurcation in doubly nonlinear problems with an application to surface plasmon polaritons, Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 28, 9 (2021).]. In particular, it replaces the (unsuitable) definition of isolatedness of the linear eigenvalue, from which the bifurcation occurs.