bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Recharge in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil—A Multi-Method Study at Experimental Watershed Scale
Authors: dos Santos Ronaldo Medeiros , Koide Sérgio , Távora Bruno Esteves , de Araujo Daiana Lira
Published: December 2020

Groundwater recharge is a key hydrological process for integrated water resource management, as it recharges aquifers and maintains the baseflow of perennial rivers. In Brazil, the Cerrado biome is an important continental recharge zone, but information on rates and spatial distribution is still lacking for this country. The objective of this work was to characterize the groundwater recharge process in phreatic aquifers of the Cerrado biome. For this, an experimental watershed representative of the referred biome was established and intensively monitored. The methodology consisted of an inverse numerical modeling approach of the saturated zone and three classic methods of recharge evaluation—hydrological modeling, baseflow separation, and water table elevation. The results indicated average potential recharge around 35% of the annual precipitation, average effective recharge around 21%, and higher rates occurring in flat areas of Ferralsols covered with natural vegetation of the Cerrado biome. As the level of uncertainty inferred from the methods was high, these results were considered a first attempt and will be better evaluated by comparison with other methods not applied in this work, such as the lysimeter and chemical tracer methods.
THE SUPPORT BONDS RIGIDITY INFLUENCES ON THE CARRYING CAPACITY REDUCTION OF THE SHALLOW SHELLS ON A RECTANGULAR PLAN
Authors:   FSBEIHE «Southwest State University», KOLESNIKOV A.G.
Published: December 2020

Geometric nonlinearity shallow shells on a square and rectangular plan with constant and variable thickness are considered. Loss of stability of a structure due to a decrease in the rigidity of one of the support (transition from fixed support to hinged support) is considered. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to solve differential equations of shallow geometrically nonlinear shells. The Vlasov's beam functions are used for approximating. The use of dimensionless quantities makes it possible to repeat the calculations and obtain similar dependences. The graphs are given that make it possible to assess the reduction in the critical load in the shell at each stage of reducing the rigidity of the support and to predict the further behavior of the structure. Regularities of changes in internal forces for various types of structure support are shown. Conclusions are made about the necessary design solutions to prevent the progressive collapse of the shell due to a decrease in the rigidity of one of the supports.
THERMAL RESISTANCE OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM WITH RESTRICTED MOVEMENT ON SUPPORTS
Authors:   ", FEDOROV V.S. ,   Russian University of Transport",   RUT (MIIT), LEVITSKY V.E. ,   "Russian University of Transport" RUT (MIIT)
Published: December 2020

The work of a beam with partial limitation of displacements on supports under conditions of unsteady high-temperature heating up to destruction is shown. Depending on the level of limitation of the rotational stiffness, the sequence of the formation of plastic hinges on the supports and in the span was revealed, which affects the resistance time of the beam. The conditions are formulated under which restrictions on the displacement of supports lead to the formation of adaptive resistance mechanisms. The time during which the beam resists bending and the ultimate resistance time depend on the combination of the stiffness level of the axial ka and rotational kr of the anchors. An increase in the level of limitation of the rotational stiffness kr in most cases leads to an increase in both the time of resistance to bending of the beam and the limiting time of resistance. With the provision of structural measures for the stiffness levels of the support fastenings ka and kr within certain limits, it is possible to significantly increase the fire resistance of the beam due to the formation of adaptive resistance mechanisms.
Kur'an İle İstişhâd Yöntemi Açısından Hatib eş-Şirbîni'nin "Nûru's-Seciyye Fî Halli Elfâzi'l-Âcurrûmiyye" Adlı Eseri
Authors: TEKİN Mahmut
Published: December 2020

Hicri X. asırda yetişmiş önemli şahsiyetlerden biri olan Şirbînî ( ö. 977/ 1569); fıkıh, tefsir, hadis ve kelâm alanlarında olduğu gibi Arap dili ve edebiyatı alanında da derinleşmiş çok yönlü âlimler arasında yer almaktadır. Şirbînî’nin Nûru’s-seciyye fî halli elfâzi’l-âcurrûmiyye isimli eseri, İslâm âleminde Âcurrûmiyye ismiyle meşhur olan ve İbn Âcurrûm (ö.723/1323) tarafından nahve dair kaleme alınan risâlenin şerhidir. Bu çalışmada Şirbînî’nin nahiv ile ilgili bir takım kaideleri temellendirmek için ele almış olduğu âyet ve kırâatlerin istişhâd yöntemi irdelenmiştir. Şirbînî’nin eserinde ele aldığı âyetleri bir kaideyi ispatlamak, bir mezhebin görüşünü desteklemek, kelimenin şaz kullanımı hakkında bilgi vermek ve ilgili kelimenin anlamını açıklamak gibi nedenlerden ötürü istişhâd ettiği görülmektedir. Şirbînî, bunun yanı sıra eserde âyetlerin kırâat vecihlerine de değinmekte kırâat farklılıkları hasebiyle âyetlerde mevcut olan kelimelerin irabında oluşan değişikliklere vurgu yapmaktadır. Şirbînî’nin istişhâd ettiği kıraatler açısından herhangi bir ayrım yapmadığı görülmektedir. Nitekim onun şahitleri arasında kırâat-ı seb'a ile birlikte şaz kıraatler de aynı şekilde yer almaktadır.
Risâletine Delil Oluşu İtibariyle Kur'an'da Hz. Muhammed'in Nübüvvet Öncesi Hayatına Dair İzdüşümler
Authors: CENNET Mehmet Zülfi
Published: December 2020

Bu makale, “bir kişinin geçmiş hayatı, mevcut haline önemli bir delil teşkil edeceği” fikri ekseninde düşünülerek kurgulanmıştır. Bu konuda sağlıklı bir sonuca varılabilmesi için zorlama ve parçacı yorumlardan kaçınarak olabildiğince daha bütüncül ve kapsayıcı bir yöntem takip edilmiştir. Bu nedenle Kur’an, baştan sona bu bakışla gözden geçirilmiş ve gelenek içinde yapılmış tefsiri yorumlardan da istifade edilerek çalışma oluşturulmuştur. İçerik boyutu açısından makale, biri diğerinin neticesi olmak üzere iki önemli nokta arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Birinci nokta; kavmi arasında kırk yıl kadar ömür geçiren vahyin mübelliği ve mübeyyini olan Hz. Muhammed’in (sav) nübüvvet öncesi hayatının izlerini Kur’an’da aramaktır. Bu anlamda tarihsel kronoloji de dikkate alınarak Hz. Muhammed’in (sav) vahiy öncesi hayatına dair doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak ayetlerde tespit edilebilen bilgilerden hareketle metin oluşturulmuştur. İkinci nokta; makalede konu edilen ayetlerde Hz. Muhammed’in hayatına yönelik tespit edilen hususların, inkâr eden müşrik kavmine karşı risâletinin doğruluğuna ve hak Peygamber olduğuna yönelik delil boyutu irdelenmiştir.
Kâdî Mîr Meybudî’nin Beş Tümel Konusuna Yaklaşımı
Authors: EVMEŞ Adem
Published: December 2020

Doğru düşünmenin aracı ve yöntemi olarak kabul edilen mantık ilmi, tasavvurât ve tasdikât olarak iki bölümde ele alınmaktadır. Tasavvurât kısmında beş tümel ve tanım konusu incelenirken, tasdikât kısmında ise önermeler ve kıyas konusu incelenmektedir. Mantık ilminde kavramlardan başlanarak bir yapı inşa edildiği görülmektedir. Zira kavramlardan önermelere, önermelerden kıyaslara ulaşılır. Görüldüğü üzere mantık ilminde kavramlar konusu önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kavramlar konusu içerisinde de beş tümel konusu önemlidir. Beş tümel konusu, tasavvurât kısmının ana amacı olan tanım konusuna ön hazırlıktır. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada İslam düşünce tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Kâdî Mîr Meybudî’nin beş tümel konusuna yaklaşımını ele alacağız. İlk olarak tümel ve tikel kavramları, Meybudî ve önceki mantıkçıların görüşlerine yer vererek ele aldık. Daha sonra beş tümeli oluşturan, tür, cins, ayrım, hassa ve genel araz konusunu ele aldık. Meybudî’nin görüşlerini daha çok Ali b. Ömer Kâtibî’nin eş-Şemsiyye üzerine yazdığı Şerhu’ş-Şemsiyye üzerinden ele almaya çalıştık. Sonuç bölümünde ise ulaştığımız sonuçlara yer verdik.
Latin Alfabesinin Kabulünden Sonra Kur’an Elifbası Öğretiminin Dönüşümü (1928-1972)
Authors: AYAR Hatice
Published: December 2020

Kur’an geçmişten günümüze elifbâlar vasıtasıyla öğretilmektedir. Her biri farklı ses, şekil ve isme sahip olan harflerin, harekelerin ve okuma kurallarının öğretildiği elifbâlar Kur’an’ın daha doğru daha hızlı ve daha etkili öğrenilebilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Latin alfabesinin kabulünden Diyanet İşleri Bakanlığı tarafından yayımlanan ilk elifbâya kadar (1928-1972) Kur’an öğretiminde kullanılmak üzere hazırlanmış 25 elifbâ incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı 1928-1972 yılları arasında hazırlanan elifbâlardan hareketle elifbâ öğretiminde yaşanan dönüşümün tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda “Latin alfabesinin kabul edilmesi elifba öğretimini nasıl etkilemiştir? Elifbâ öğretimine özgü hangi yöntemler kullanılmıştır? Elifbâlarda harfler ve harekeler nasıl öğretilmiştir? Elifbâlar vasıtasıyla sadece Kur’an mı öğretilmek istenmiştir? Elifbâlar Kur’an’ın anlaşılmasına yönelik nasıl katkı sağlamıştır? sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmaya konu olan yıllarda hazırlanmış elifbalar hakkında yapılmış bilimsel bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmamız tarihi bir birikim olan elifbaların gün yüzüne çıkarılması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmada nitel yöntem kullanılmış ve doküman analizi yapılmıştır. Verilere literatür taraması yoluyla ulaşılmıştır. Tespit edilen elifbalar başta Milli Kütüphane olmak üzere çeşitli kütüphanelerden ve sahaflardan temin edilmiştir. Elifbâlar incelenirken betimsel analiz yapılmış, elde edilen veriler yorumlanarak sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
İmâm Şâfiî'de Beyân Teorisi
Authors: TEMİZKAN Ahmet
Published: December 2020

İmâm Şâfiî'nin usul anlayışında merkezi bir kavram olan beyân, usûli bir kavram olarak ilk defa er-Risâle'nin girişinde ele alınmıştır. Şâfiî, Kur’an’da yer alan bütün açıklamaları doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak “beyân” üst başlığı altında ele almıştır. Şâfiî, eserlerinde beyân lafzını çoğunlukla; izah/açıklamak, izhar/maksadı açığa çıkarmak anlamlarında bazen de delil ve sonuç anlamlarında kullanmıştır. Bize göre, Şâfiî eserlerinde beyânı tanımlamamıştır; ancak yaptığı açıklamalardan bu kavramdan; "Allah'ın kelâmına muhatap olanlar için, hükümlerin Allah tarafından açıklanış keyfiyeti/yolları " anlamını kastetmektedir. O'na göre beyân yolları temelde/icmalen nass ve ictihad/kıyas/istidlal olup, sünnet bu yollar içinde en güçlü ve en önemli yoldur. Şâfiî, eserlerinde beyânın kısımlarını izah ederken farklı kısımlara/taksimlere yer vermesi bir çelişki ya da tereddüt sonucu olmayıp bu yolların icmalen ve tafsilen ele alınmasından ibarettir. O'nun, beyan anlayışı çerçevesinde şer’i hükmün kaynağı olarak sadece Kitap, sünnet, icma ve kıyası görmesi ve şer'i hükmü beyân yollarını da nass ve istidlal/kıyas ile sınırlaması, bu kaynaklar dışında bir kaynağın asla hüküm kaynağı ve beyân yolu olamayacağını ifade etmek ve şeri hükmün tesbit işlemini nesnel ölçülere bağlamak içindir. Şâfiî’nin, icmaı şer’î delil olarak görmesine rağmen, beyân yolları arasında zikretmemesi, onun, oluşum aşamasında nass ya da ictihad etrafında bir ittifak sonucu oluşmasından kaynaklandığı kanaatindeyiz. Şâfiî'nin beyân teorisine yöneltilen eleştiriler genellikle beyânın tanımı ve mertebeleri/yolları etrafında gerçekleşmektedir. Çalışmamızda Şâfîî'nin usul anlayışında bir teori olarak beyânı; mahiyeti, önemi, usul sistemi içende yeri, sınırları ve mertebeleri açısından ele alarak bu anlayışa yöneltilen, mezhep içi ve mezhep dışı eleştirileri değerlendirmeye çalıştık.
Numerical Examination of Heat Transfer Augmentation between the Plates with Square Cross-Sectional Ribs for the Staggered Arrangement
Authors: GÖKTEPELİ İlker , ATMACA Ulaş
Published: December 2020

Heat transfer enhancement inside the ducts is significantly related with flow separation and flow reattachment regions. Therefore, ribs are used to trigger the rotational flows in the vicinity of the wall since the fluctuations in the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layers are effective for the increment of heat transfer by convection. Even though heat transfer surface area is also enlarged by placing the ribs into the channels, the pressure loss due to the ribs has to be taken into account and controlled in these systems. Based on the aforementioned explanations, the square cross-sectional ribs have been mounted on the bottom and the top walls of horizontal parallel plates in terms of staggered arrangement. In the present paper, numerical analyses have been conducted via k-ω SST turbulence model at Re = 10000, 15000 and 20000 for different spacing values between two successive ribs. For the constant rib dimensions, the ribbed models have been compared among them by referring to smooth plates as reference model. For this reason; time-averaged results including streamwise velocity components, temperature distributions, pressure values, streamline patterns and Nusselt numbers for the ribbed and the smooth plates have been separately presented and compared.
Application of Discrete Wavelet Transform and Convolution to Find the Values of Locally Approximated Splines
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Bityukov Yu.I. , Deniskin Yu.I. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Deniskina G.Yu ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: December 2020

Algorithms for finding the values of locally approximating n-variable splines and their partial derivatives using a discrete wavelet transform and a convolution operation are considered. The results are applied to the estimation of the values of the partial derivatives of the functions specified at the grid nodes and to the problem of local modification of the surface of an aircraft engine fan blade made of composite materials using the automated calculation method.
Justification and Development of a Lean Manufacturing System for a Trade Organization
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Reznichenko I.Yu. , Brusova K.A. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the work was to justify and implement the developed system of lean production in a small-format trade organization to increase the effectiveness of its activities. The work used methods regulated by the requirements of regulatory documents (GOST R 56407-2015, GOST R 56036-2014): 5S when analyzing the organization of the workspace, Poka-Yoke to prevent unintentional errors and eliminate them; visualization; work standardization; and Kaizen tools, timing. When assessing the satisfaction of internal and external consumers, we used the questionnaire method. The research results include a list of identified causes of losses from defective sold goods, loss of working time, reasons for customer dissatisfaction; processed data on satisfaction of internal consumers, data on improvement of working conditions and safety. The analysis and systematization of the results obtained made it possible to formulate specific proposals for the involvement of employees in the process of improving the working space, increasing the efficiency of the trade organization and introducing the results into practice.
Retraining of Aviation Personnel in Organizations that Develop and Manufacture Helicopter Equipment – a Necessary Condition for the Quality of Functioning of the Aviation Transport System
Authors:   Moscow aviation institute (National Research University), Resinets A.I.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses one of the components of the aviation transport system of civil aviation in Russia – the training center for aviation personnel on the example of the aviation training center of JSC «Kamov». The problematic issues related to the training of domestic and foreign aviation specialists in the organization of the developer and manufacturer of aviation equipment are analyzed, both through civil aviation and within the framework of military-technical cooperation.
Competence Development and Management in Malaysian Railway Traffic Management System
Authors: Sundaram Ts Shanmuga , Shavarebi Dr. Kamran
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a systematic approach to develop and manage competence of employee in the field of Traffic Management System (TMS) of Malaysian railway industry. The outcome of this research shall conclude a framework for competence management and define a benchmark for practice in this industry. Previous studies in competence management in the field of TMS mainly limited to non-Malaysian railway and from different type of railway network. The framework for this research study uses component of competence as core element mediate by suitable element to develop and enhance competence. This descriptive quantitative research study uses suitable competency model to explore the competence of the TMS employee. Following this, a suitable technique and method for learning and training method propose for Malaysian railway TMS operation employee. This whole process is summarized into a competence management framework.
Kur’ân Kıssalarında Toplumların Helâkı ve Sebepleri Üzerine
Authors: YILDIRIM Duran Ali
Published: December 2020

Kur’ân kıssaları ilâhî mesajların beşerin idrakine aktarımında kullanılan en etkili anlatım yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu bağlamda Kur’ân kıssaları, üzerine farklı çalışmaların yapılabileceği bir alandır. Kur’ân kıssalarında ele alınan konuların başında helâk edilen toplumlar ve onların helâk sebepleri yer almaktadır. Zulüm yapanlar, haddi aşanlar, Allah’ın âyetlerini ve elçilerini yalanlayan, ahlâken bozulan toplumlar helâk ile cezalandırılmıştır. Kur’ân’a göre, aynı kötülükleri işleyen toplumlar için de geçerli olan helâk cezasının amacı mevcut toplumlara ders vermektir. Âyetlerin işaret ettiğine göre Peygamberler tarafından uyarılmadan ve kendilerini toparlama ve düzeltme mühleti verilmeden helâk cezası gelmemektedir. Bu makale Kur’ân kıssalarında helâk ile cezalandırıldığı anlatılan toplumların helâk sebeplerini ve kıssalarda verilen derslerin güncel değerini toplumbilim tespitlerinden de yararlanarak ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Tefsir, Kur’ân, Kıssa, Toplum, Helâk.
Kur’an Kıssaları Bağlamında Karakter İnşasında Temel Unsurlar
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Abdurrahman
Published: December 2020

Kur’an’ın özelliklerinden bir tanesi de mesajını kıssalar yoluyla insanlara aktarmasıdır. Kur’an kıssalarında bazı karakterler olumlu olarak, bazı karakterler de olumsuz yönleriyle ortaya konur. Olumlu karakterlerin örnek alınması istenirken, olumsuz karakterlerden ise ibret alınması gerektiği ifade edilir. Bu sebepledir ki, bizzat yaşanmışlıklardan hareketle bu örneklikleri somutlaştırır. Çünkü somut olan bir şeyin uygulanabilirliği ya da pratiğe dökülmesi örneklik noktasında çok daha kolaydır. Bu durum Kur’an kıssalarında belirgin bir tarzda ifade edilir. Kur’an-ı Kerim karakter inşasında bazı temel unsurlar üzerinde ısrarla durur. Bu temel unsurlar iman, ilim, amel ve ihlas olarak zikredilebilir. Kur’an’a göre iman her şeyin özü ve esasıdır. Bütün peygamberlerin davetinin temel unsurudur. Her şey imanla anlam kazanır. İmana götüren temel unsurlardan biri olarak ilim zikredilir. İman ve ilmi tamamlayan diğer bir unsur ise ameldir. Amel de sırf kuru bir davranış biçimi olmayıp; ihlasla birlikte bir anlam ifade eder. Bütün bu unsurlara sahip olan kimse, Kur’an nazarında model insandır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tefsir, Kur’an, Kıssa, Karakter, İman, İlim, Amel, İhlas.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Değer Yönelimlerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi: Yalova Örneği
Authors: ASAR Çiğdem , KAYIKLIK Hasan , YAPICI Asım
Published: December 2020

Bireyin duygu, düşünce ve davranışıyla tanımlanan değer kavramı, ne olduğu kadar, neyi ne kadar kapsadığı konusunda da akademik çevrelerce henüz üzerinde uzlaşılamamış bir kavramdır. Literatürü taradığımızda yüzlerce değer tanımının olduğu, farklı bilimsel disiplinlerde, hatta aynı disiplin içinde bulunan araştırmacıların dahi çeşitli kuramsal yaklaşımlara göre değer tanımlamaları yaptıkları görülebilir. Son zamanlarda birçok bilim insanı ve araştırmacı tarafından, değerlerin insan yaşantısı ve davranışlarına etkisi daha yoğun bir şekilde araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın temel amacı, Yalova örneği üzerinden, lise öğrenimi gören öğrencilerin değer eğilimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmamızda ilişkisel tarama yöntemine uygun olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni Yalova İli lise öğrencileridir. Örneklem Yalova’da Anadolu Liseleri ve Anadolu İmam-Hatip Liselerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden oluşmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Din psikolojisi, değer, değer yönelimleri, Schwartz Değer Ölçeği, lise öğrencileri.
İslâm Tarih Yazıcılığında Teberrî Olgusu
Authors: KÖSE Feyza Betül
Published: December 2020

Müslümanlar arasında derin siyasî ve itikadî ihtilaflara neden olan hâdiselerin sorumluluğundan kaçınmak arzusu, teberrî olgusunun İslâm tarih yazıcılığında yer bulmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Teberrî, hâdisenin öncesinde engelleme çabasında bulunmanın ifadesi; hâdisenin sonrasında ise suçluluk psikolojisiyle telafiye yönelmek ve pişmanlık olarak kendini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, hâdiselerin sonrası değil öncesine ait teberrî olgusunun rivâyetlere yansımalarına yoğunlaşacaktır. Hâdise öncesindeki engelleme çabalarının tamamının teberrî gayesi taşıyıp taşımadığının belirlenmesi, tarih yazıcılığı açısından önemlidir. Bir diğer önemli nokta da teberrînin, bizzat ilgili şahıs veya o şahsın dilinden başkaları tarafından yapılıp yapılmadığının tespitidir. Bu noktaların belirlenmesi ile birlikte teberrî içerikli rivâyetlerin sıhhat durumları, rivâyetlerin özellikleri, oluşum süreçleri gibi konular gündeme gelecektir. Bu çalışma, İslâm tarih yazıcılığında teberrî olgusunun yer alış hususiyetlerini incelemektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: İslâm Tarihi, Tarih yazıcılığı, teberrî, rivâyet, kurgu.
Experience of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities
Authors: Kyrylenko Olga , Baranets Jaroslav
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities (UTCs) is crucial for improving the quality and accessibility of services provided to local people, as well as for the development of the local economy, infrastructure and the efficient functioning of united territorial communities in general. However, many united territorial communities are not financially viable, heavily dependent on intergovernmental transfers and lack the necessary resources for economic development. Therefore, to solve these problems it is very important to constantly monitor the financial performance of the formation and use of local budgets of Ukraine, including UTC’s budgets, timely identify existing problems, look for ways to solve them and justify ways to increase UTC’s financial capacity. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists on decentralization, analysis of the problems of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities and finding ways to improve it. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, analogies and others. The purpose is to evaluate the experience of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities, identify the main problems and develop proposals for increasing the financial capacity of united territorial communities.Conclusions. Based on the analysis and assessment of the level of financial capacity of united territorial communities, the main problems in its provision and growth have been identified. The necessity is substantiated and the directions of increase of financial capacity are outlined. In order to increase the financial capacity of united territorial communities, the proposed ways to increase it are to improve the procedure for paying personal income tax not at the place of registration of taxpayers, but at the location, as well as the use of inter- municipal cooperation between united territorial communities, especially with low financial capacity.Discussion. The prospects for further research are to assess the experience of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities and develop proposals for its improvement.
Local government purchase of social services from private entities: problems of administration and financing
Authors: Malyniak Bohdan , Onufryk Marianna
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Designing a competitive mechanism for public purchase of social services including those from private providers is indispensable for assuring the high quality of provided services and the reasonable use of budget funds. However, much as this task has been seen as an important and urgent and justified in program documents, only a miserable portion of public funds is being allocated to purchase of social services from private providers.Purpose. The goal of our research is to determine the problems with the financial mechanism of purchasing social services from non-government providers that are faced by local governments in Ukraine.Methods. In the process of preparing this article, the methods of data collection and systematization, abstraction, observation, analysis, and comparison were applied.Results. Our study proves that a significant factor impeding the development of social services outsourcing is the mechanism of social services financing, in particular the practice of their valuation. Our findings revealed the following main problems with setting tariffs for social services that are publicly purchased from private providers: a tolerance for increasing costs of service providers; the inability to include income of service providers in tariff calculations; added complexity with access to the social services market for business entities under Simplified System of Taxation, Accounting and Reporting; lack of possibility to include Single Tax in the tariff, as it is only allowed to include VAT; and the application of different approaches to budgeting for social services sourced from non-governmental entities and the communal and governmental structures. It is also worth adding that the existing methodological guidelines on social services valuation are rather complicated to use. Thus, the flawed mechanism of private social service provider financing results in that only 171 out of 2 725 service providers, or 6.3% of the total, are legal entities under the private form of ownership. The mechanism of financing social services from local budgets could be improved by introducing fixed tariffs for social services with possibility of their adjustment by means of certain coefficients.Discussion. In future research, it would be feasible to focus on elaborating a detailed conceptual framework for setting social services tariffs, validating their base component and identifying additional elements, as well as defining the scope of application for such a mechanism.
Strategic guidelines for the development of UTС finances: implementation of world experience
Authors: Kneysler Olga , Spasiv Nataliіa
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In the context of  reforming  the  system  of  local  self-government  and territorial organization of power, the use of world best practices in the context of decentralization and implementation of best foreign practices in shaping the finances of territorial communities and their associations is of paramount importance. Accordingly,  a number of important theoretical postulates of domestic financial science need to be reconsidered through the prism of improving existing and developing the latest conceptual approaches to the functioning of the finances of united territorial communities (OTG) using international advances in this area. local development.Purpose. Given the limited theoretical and practical work of domestic scholars on the finances of the united territorial communities, the purpose of the article is to use the best world practices to improve the efficiency of OTG finances.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific and economic- statistical methods: analysis, synthesis, statistical method - to study the international experience of OTG finance reform; inductions, deductions - to determine the directions of  development of OTG finances in Ukraine; abstract-logical, economic-mathematical - for estimating revenues and expenditures of local budgets of OECD countries. Results. The world experience of reforming the finances of territorial communities is considered. In the context of application of the best international practices the directions of development of finance of OTG in Ukraine under modern conditions of carrying out financial decentralization are offered. Estimates of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of OECD countries were assessed, which allowed to determine priorities in revenue generation, expenditure optimization, distribution of powers and functions, as well as the use of new sources to increase the revenue base of local communities and their associations in Ukraine. Discussion. The prospects for further research is to develop a model for optimizing the financing of OTG development in order to ensure the implementation of its own powers and functions.
International trade of waste in the sector-spatial dimensions
Authors: Zvarych Iryna
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Global circular trade involves countries that specialize in exporting goods in which they have a comparative advantage and import other goods from their trading partners. This process of international exchange requires the transportation of goods from the country of production to the country of consumption. Therefore, the expansion of international trade is likely to increase the use of transport. It is confirmed that the leading countries in the export-import of waste in various industries are at the same time components of circular core, around which circular value chains are formed.The aim is to do a systematic analysis of the spatial-component structure of trade in waste and scrap and to identify leading countries, development priorities in industries (pharmaceuticals, clinical, household, rubber waste, polymers, silk and cotton waste).Results. The paper analyzes the spatial-component  structure  of  trade  in  waste and scrap and identifies the leading countries, development priorities in the industries (pharmacy, clinical, household, rubber waste, polymers, silk and cotton waste). The main problematic aspects are illegal waste trade and growing smuggling, which cause serious negative social consequences and actualize the inclusive component in substantiating the paradigm of the global inclusive circular economy. It has been investigated that waste reduction combined with prudent use of resources has the potential to address the gap due to natural resource scarcity and global growing population or consumption. It is substantiated that the formation of circular trade will contribute to: the definition of priority materials for trade and the required level of processing capacity; harmonization of material quality standards; promoting the demand for used goods and secondary raw materials; removing unnecessary regulatory barriers and avoiding environmentally harmful activities such as non-compliance, poorly regulated nature and informal recovery.Perspectives. Further research on international waste trade in the sectoral-spatial dimension will need to be continued in the context of the environmental and economic impacts of COVID-19, which diversifies and increases the amount of medical waste.
Using of insurance companies ‘services for the purpose of legalization of criminal income of economic agents and avoidance of taxation
Authors: Lyeonov Serhii , Kuzmenko Olha , Mynenko Serhii , Lyulyov Oleksii
Published: December 2020

Annotation. Providing the stable and continuous functioning of the financial services market is one of the important areas of state economic policy. Without the use of financial intermediaries, the economy cannot function. Criminals, in turn, use the weaknesses of the country’s financial system for their own illicit enrichment or the pursuit of other criminal interests. By laundering illegally obtained money, criminals destabilize the country’s financial system and expand the size of the shadow economy.The purpose of the article is to characterize the possibility of using the services of insurance companies in order to legalize the criminal income of economic agents and tax evasion by enterprises.Results. The article identifies the risk of using the services of insurance companies  to legalize illegally obtained income and the place of these services in the market. The study comprehensively considered the possibility of fraudsters using the services of insurance companies to launder the illegal income of economic agents and tax evasion by enterprises. Examples of legalization of illegal income through the services of insurance companies were given. There are three main groups of insurance companies’ services: general insurance, life insurance (pension or insurance for investments), and reinsurance. The main risks associated with money laundering are inherent in each group of services. Summarizing the analysis, general recommendations for insurance companies to prevent money laundering through their services were identified.the prospects for further research. The Prospects for further research are the quantitative characterization of the risk of legalization of criminal income of economic agents and tax evasion for each group of services, as they have their own specific features.
An Introduction to IoT Based Posture Detection and Underlying Sensor Technology
Authors: Gupta Jahnvi , Gupta Nitin , Kumar Mukesh , Duggal Ritwik
Published: December 2020

Analysis
of human posture has many applications in the field of sports and medical science
including patient monitoring, lifestyle analysis, elderly care etc. Many of the
works in this area have been based on computer vision techniques. These are
limited in providing real-time solution. Thus, Internet of Things (IoT) based
solution are being planned and used for the human posture recognition and
detection. The data collected from sensors is then passed to machine learning
or deep learning algorithms to find different patterns. In this chapter an
introduction to IoT based posture detection is provided with an introduction to
underlying sensor technology, which can help in selection for appropriate
sensors for the posture detection.
RETENTION CAPACITY OF SOME IRAQI SOILS FOR CESIUM-137 (CS137) RADIONUCLIDES AND ITS RELATION WITH LEACHING SOLUTION
Authors: Shihab Ramzi
Published: December 2020

Cesium-137 has been worldwide used for estimation soil erosion. Its movement and transport in the environmental media depend on its retention by soil. Retention capacity of soil for radionuclides and pollutants as expressed by the distribution coefficient Kd (ratio of radionuclides retained by soil to those remained in liquid) that was estimated for 137Cs in some soils of Iraq. The soils were varied in clay 24.0-50.5%, organic mater 0.5-1.5%, and lime content 28.1-35.0%. Results showed that all the factors investigated were found to alter the values of Kd. The mean of Kd was 774 L kg-1 in the loam soil increased to 4375 L kg-1 in the clay soil when equilibrated with deionized water. These values were reduced to 402 and 1088 L kg-1 in chloride solution and 146 and 297 L kg-1 in groundwater for the loam and clay soils, respectively. The increased liquid to solid ratio showed a tendency to increase the distribution coefficient under the trace concentration of cesium. It was observed that an increase in the distribution coefficient of cesium from 1079 to 3312 L kg-1 when the liquid to solid ratio increased from 1:1 to 10:1. Differences in Kd were explained on the basis of ion exchange mechanism and indicate that certain test conditions.
could be adopted by researchers for a precise estimate of the Kd. Such conditions should be corresponded as closely as possible to the natural field conditions.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ON GROWTH CHARACTERS AND NPK CONTENT OF POPCORN Zea mays Var. everta
Authors: Farhan Ekhlas , Mohammed Labed
Published: December 2020

A field experiment was conducted in one of gypsum soil private farm in Al-Dour district during autumn season 2019. The study aims to show the effect spray potassium concentration of 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 mg l-1 on growth characters and NPK percentage in popcorn plants var Noor. The experiment was applied by using RCBD with three replicates. The results showed that corn plants which sprayed with 6000 mg l-1 gave the highest significant values in plant height 148.06 cm , leave area 4396.3 cm2, leave area index 4.47, leaves number 14.4, plant dry weight 134 g, NAR 0.001789 g cm-2 day-1, CGR 0.002275 gm day-1 and percentage of K, N, and P of 3.591, 1.9, and 0.424% respectively. There was no significant different between 4000 and 6000 mg l-1 treatments in all studied characters. Therefore the spraying of 4000 mg l-1 was useful to improve growth characters and popcorn plant content of NPK.
Giving Watermelon Juice on the Reduction of Blood Pressure of Young Adult Hypertension
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: December 2020

The incidence of hypertension in Southeast Sulawesi tends to increase each year. Many people with hypertension are tired of taking blood pressure-lowering drugs because they are addictive and have side effects. The objective of the study was to understand the effect of watermelon juice supplementation to decrease blood pressure on early adult hypertension sufferers in the working area of the Public Health Center of Poasia Kendari city. This study was a true experiment through pretest-posttest with a control group design. The sample size was 30 people who were determined by purposive sampling technique and was allocated by matching within 15 people for both treatment and control groups. The statistical test result showed that there were different blood pressure both systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after receiving watermelon juice supplementation for 7 days with the dose was twice 350/gr/glass/day on treatment group with significance value ? = 0,000 (? = 0,05). Meanwhile, for the control group, there was no different blood pressure before and after receiving supplementation with significance value ? = 1,000 (? = 0,05) for systolic pressure and ? = 0,499 for diastolic one. There was different blood pressure after receiving watermelon juice supplementation between treatment and control groups with significance value ? =0,031 (? = 0,05) for systolic pressure and p = 0,012 for diastolic one. Hence, it’s concluded that there was a significant effect of watermelon juice supplementation to decrease the blood pressure on early adult hypertension sufferers.
IDENTIFIKASI JAMU YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA KENDARI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Handoyo Sahumena Muhamad , Ruslin Ruslin , Asriyanti Asriyanti , Nurrohwinta Djuwarno Endah
Published: December 2020

Jamu is a traditional medicine that contains ingredients or ingredients derived from plants, animals, minerals, or mixtures of these ingredients that have been hereditary for medicinal use. However, some industry players add Medicinal Chemicals (BKO) such as mefenamic acid into herbal medicine. This study aims to determine the validity of the method in the analysis of mefenamic acid by UV-Vis spectrophotometry on herbs circulating in several markets in Kendari City. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling method so that it gets 5 herbal samples. The study began with method validation to ensure the accuracy of the method in determining the level of mefenamic acid in the sample. The results of the method validation show that this method is good for detecting the presence of mefenamic acid BKO in herbal medicine with a validation parameter value that is the correlation value (r) of 0.998; detection limit (LOD) 0.48 µg / mL; limit of quantification (LOQ) 1.63 µg / mL; intraday and interday precision expressed with the value of relative standard deviation% respectively 0.014% and 0.013%; and the accuracy stated in% recovery is 95.41% (80%), 99.04% (100%), and 102.5% (120%). The results of the analysis of the sample using a validated method showed that there were herbs with mefenamic acid BKO content of 0.8%.
A Mathematical Model of Fuel Consumption for the Forwarder Amkodor-2682 When Performing Forestry Operations
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Rukomojnikov K.P. , Kuptcova V.O. , Sergeeva T.V.
Published: December 2020

Cost justification of fuel and lubricants is high on the agenda of planning and practical use of forwarders in Russia and abroad. The problem solution is becoming increasingly important due to rising prices for fuel and energy resources. The share of costs for fuel resources ranges from 46 to 70 % in different natural and industrial conditions. This is due to the presence of cutting areas with different characteristics of the species composition. Currently, there are consumption rates for fuel and lubricants for mechanized work performed in forestry. However, they lack regulatory guidelines for calculating the fuel of modern logging machines used in skidding. There are basic standards for consumption of fuel, oil, and lubricants for different brands of domestic and foreign cars, trucks, and buses, but they also have no information on forestry equipment. The research purpose was to show the fuel consumption for the forwarder Amkodor-2682 when harvesting assortments in the climatic conditions of the Mari El Republic. The purpose was achieved through experiment using the volumetric method of refilling the machine fuel tank at the end of the operation cycle. The studies were provided with fixing the diameters and volumes of the felled trees. The forwarder fuel tank was filled to the top of the tank filler. Processing of the swath site was carried out with skidding of one pack of logs. The machine was stopped and the fuel tank was filled in after each operation of logging (idling, bundle assembling, hauling, bundle unloading). The amount of fuel in the tank was accurately fixed each time. Processing the data allowed us to obtain a regression model. This model characterizes the average fuel consumption for the forwarder Amkodor-2682 at different diameters of felled trees. Using the obtained results in forestry will make it easier to plan and calculate the operating costs of skidding equipment.
Metaphorical Models of Discourse Designing of the Negative Image of Russia in Spanish Media
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Gornostaeva Yuliya A.
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the problem of discourse designing of the negative image of Russia in Spanish mass media using metaphorical models with the target domain “Russia”. Within the framework of this study, a metaphorical model is defined as a mental scheme of connections between different conceptual domains, which is formed and fixed in the minds of native speakers. The material includes Spanish articles from reputable sources (El País and BBC News in Spanish) mentioning Russia (over 500,000 characters in total). With the use of discourse, corpus and lexical-semantic analysis as well as conceptual analysis of metaphorical models, the author found that the negative image of Russia is constructed in Spanish political media discourse through the following metaphorical models: “Russia is the country of Putin”, “Russia is the heir to the USSR” and “Russia is a pseudo-saviour of the world”. The following frames can be distinguished within the structure of the model “Russia is the country of Putin”: 1) Russia belongs to Putin; 2) Putin is a lifelong president; 3) Putinism is an ideology of Russian citizens. The metaphorical model “Russia is the heir to the USSR” includes the following stereotypical scenarios: 1) authoritarian, undemocratic methods of governance; 2) “Soviet” way of living; 3) backward economy. The frame that exists within the model “Russia is a pseudo-saviour of the world” actualizes the scenario of providing humanitarian aid for show. Among the lexical and grammatical representatives of these metaphorical models are the following: prepositional construction with de and the proper name Putin; adjectives with the semes “infinitely long, eternal” and “entire”; adjectives containing semes of distance/separateness; lexeme soviético, etc. The nominative field of the considered image contains both direct nominations, represented by the toponyms Rusia, Moscú and Kremlin, and metaphors that are mainly related to the size of the state. The stereotypical features of the source domain make it possible to create a negative image of Russia as an authoritarian, undemocratic state with an almost monarchical system, outdated Soviet governance methods, saviour-ofthe-world ambitions, and ostentatious behaviour in the international arena.
The Logical and Compositional Organization of the Lecture (Based on a Lecture from M. Mamardashvili’s Course “Lectures on Proust”)
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Talanina Aleksandra A.
Published: December 2020

Functional and stylistic studies give us an idea of linguistic features of speech products, thus enabling style identification. These specific features become most recognizable when comparing styles. Discourse studies, on the contrary, are mainly focused on understanding and describing basic factors of creating a form of a literary language (style) and factors that determine the characteristics of speech products in individual situations within a socially significant sphere. This article presents an analysis of the logical and compositional organization of the lecture as a genre of academic discourse, taking a university lecture from M. Mamardashvili’s course on M. Proust as an example. The specific nature of the lecture genre in academic discourse is determined by its basic function in the teaching process implemented in direct dialogue with the audience. The research is based on the thesis that a lecture is an event that can be analysed using the concept of chronotope. The use of this concept beyond the analysis of fiction is relevant since spatiotemporal coordination is mandatory for any speech product, regardless of the sphere it is created in or the functions it performs. The main feature of the lecture chronotope is multi-level organization, since a lecture has its own internal spatiotemporal coordinates. The lecture chronotope is explicated at different levels of the text (compositional, lexical and grammatical), which are interconnected. Considering this, two interconnected frameworks of the lecture – structural and semantic – are singled out; they provide the logical and compositional organization of the material, which is important to ensure students’ understanding.
Features Of Influence Of Industrial Enterprises Almalyk City On The Geological Environment
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Almalyk Branch Of Tashkent State, Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan, Isomatov Yusuf Pulatovich , Akhmedo Mukhammadzhakhongir Kidirbaevich ,   Senior Teacher, Almalyk Branch Of Tashkent State, Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan, Ibadlaev Server Ibadlaevich ,   Senior Teacher, Almalyk Branch Of Tashkent State, Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2020

The article considers that the course of more than 5 decades as a result of the infiltration of contaminated waters of open pits, dumps, slag accumulators of the copper smelting plant (CSP), the production association (PА) "Ammophos", tailing dumps of copper concentrating factories (СCF -1 and СCF -2), as well as due to the leakage of reagents from the sulfuric acid shop through rocks that are not consistent in area and insignificant thickness of loess-like loams, and the penetration of polluting components into the aquifer occurs. Due to the action of the infiltration flow, a change in the chemical composition of soils occurs on solid soil particles, a number of chemical compounds are sorbed. The article provides recommendations for reducing the pollution of the geological environment.