bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A classification approach to estimating human circadian phase under circadian alignment from actigraphy and photometry data
Authors: Brown Lindsey S. , St. Hilaire Melissa A. , McHill Andrew W. , Phillips Andrew J. K. , Barger Laura K. , Sano Akane , Czeisler Charles A. , Doyle Francis J. , Klerman Elizabeth B.
Published: June 2021

The time of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the gold standard for circadian phase assessment in humans, but collection of samples for DLMO is time and resource‐intensive. Numerous studies have attempted to estimate circadian phase from actigraphy data, but most of these studies have involved individuals on controlled and stable sleep‐wake schedules, with mean errors reported between 0.5 and 1 hour. We found that such algorithms are less successful in estimating DLMO in a population of college students with more irregular schedules: Mean errors in estimating the time of DLMO are approximately 1.5‐1.6 hours. We reframed the problem as a classification problem and estimated whether an individual's current phase was before or after DLMO. Using a neural network, we found high classification accuracy of about 90%, which decreased the mean error in DLMO estimation—identifying the time at which the switch in classification occurs—to approximately 1.3 hours. To test whether this classification approach was valid when activity and circadian rhythms are decoupled, we applied the same neural network to data from inpatient forced desynchrony studies in which participants are scheduled to sleep and wake at all circadian phases (rather than their habitual schedules). In participants on forced desynchrony protocols, overall classification accuracy dropped to 55%‐65% with a range of 20%‐80% for a given day; this accuracy was highly dependent upon the phase angle (ie, time) between DLMO and sleep onset, with the highest accuracy at phase angles associated with nighttime sleep. Circadian patterns in activity, therefore, should be included when developing and testing actigraphy‐based approaches to circadian phase estimation. Our novel algorithm may be a promising approach for estimating the onset of melatonin in some conditions and could be generalized to other hormones.
Framing the microfoundations of design thinking as a dynamic capability for innovation: Reconciling theory and practice
Authors: Magistretti Stefano , Ardito Lorenzo , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio
Published: June 2021

Design thinking (DT) is gaining ground among academics and practitioners as a means to improve the innovativeness of organizations. However, with few exceptions, DT studies are most entrenched in practice rather than theory‐driven research. This weak tie between theory and managerial practice calls for delving into the dynamics of DT for innovation to build stronger foundations for future studies. Therefore, this study provides a theory‐based framing of DT for innovation and a critical review of the DT literature to reconcile theory and practice. To this end, we propose framing and advancing DT as a dynamic capability for innovation rooted in lower‐level aspects, namely microfoundations. Based on our theoretical framework, we conduct a systematic literature review that unveils the dynamics of DT and the context‐specific capabilities to innovate. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First, we provide a theory‐based framing of DT and combining it with existing theories in innovation and management (i.e., dynamic capabilities and microfoundations). Second, we review the extant literature on DT for innovation to reconcile previous studies with these theoretical lenses to, hence, guide future research. Based on this interpretation, we then define a number of avenues for future research, thus reconciling practical evidence with theories that can further explain how DT relates to firm innovativeness.
Higher prevalence of hysterectomy among rural women than urban women: Implications for measures of disparities in uterine and cervical cancers
Authors: Adam Emily E. , White Mary C. , Saraiya Mona
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Differences in hysterectomy prevalence by rural or urban residence could distort comparisons of rural‐urban cervical and uterine cancer incidence. Using data from a large population‐based survey, we sought to understand whether hysterectomy prevalence varies by rural or urban residence and whether the relationship between hysterectomy prevalence and rurality varies by race or ethnicity.

Methods

Our analysis included 197,759 female respondents to the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, aged 20‐79 years. We calculated population weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals for hysterectomy prevalence, stratified by rural‐urban residence and 5‐year age groups. We also report estimates of hysterectomy prevalence by rural‐urban residence for specific race and ethnic groups.

Findings

Hysterectomy prevalence increased with age and was more common among rural women than urban women. The largest absolute difference occurred among women aged 45‐49 years; 28.6% of rural women (95% CI: 25.1‐32.2) and 16.6% of urban women (95% CI: 15.3‐17.8) reported a hysterectomy. For hysterectomy prevalence by race and ethnicity, rural estimates were higher than urban estimates for the following groups of women: non‐Hispanic Asian, non‐Hispanic other race, non‐Hispanic Black, and non‐Hispanic White. Among Hispanic women and non‐Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native women, rural‐urban differences in hysterectomy prevalence were not statistically different at the 95% confidence level.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that variation in hysterectomy prevalence, if not adjusted in the analysis, could produce distorted comparisons in measures of the relationship between rurality and uterine and cervical cancer rates. The magnitude of this confounding bias may vary by race and ethnicity.
The risk of hepatitis C virus recurrence in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients treated with direct‐acting antivirals after achieving a sustained virological response: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Huang Peng , Wang Yan , Yue Ming , Ge Zhijun , Xia Xueshan , Jeyarajan Andre J. , Holmes Jacinta A. , Yu Rongbin , Zhu Chuanwu , Yang Sheng , Lin Wenyu , Chung Raymond T.
Published: June 2021

Background & Aims

The risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence persists after HCV eradication with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), particularly in patients with ongoing high‐risk behaviours. Our aim was to assess the risk of HCV recurrence (late relapse and/or reinfection) post‐sustained virological response (SVR).

Methods

We searched the literature for studies reporting HCV recurrence rates post‐SVR in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Identified publications were divided into groups based on patient risk for HCV reinfection: low‐risk HCV mono‐infection, high‐risk HCV mono‐infection and a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection. The HCV recurrence rate for each study was calculated by using events divided by the person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU). HCV recurrence was defined as confirmed, detectable HCV RNA post‐SVR.

Results

In the 16 studies of low‐risk patients, the pooled recurrence rate was 0.89/1000 PYFU (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16‐2.03). For the 19 studies of high‐risk patients, the pooled recurrence rate was 29.37/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 15.54‐46.91). For the eight studies of HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients, the pooled recurrence rate was 23.25/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 4.24‐53.39). The higher pooled estimates of recurrence in the high‐risk and HIV/HCV‐coinfected populations were predominantly driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.

Conclusions

The HCV recurrence risk after achieving SVR with all‐oral DAAs therapy is low, and the risk of HCV recurrence in high‐risk and HIV/HCV‐coinfected populations was driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.
Collagen proportionate area correlates with histological stage and predicts clinical events in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Saffioti Francesca , Hall Andrew , de Krijger Manon , Verheij Joanne , Hübscher Stefan G. , Maurice James , Luong Tu Vinh , Pinzani Massimo , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Thorburn Douglas
Published: June 2021

Background & Aims

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease in need of accurate biomarkers for stratification and as surrogates for clinical endpoints in trials. Quantitative liver fibrosis assessment by collagen proportionate area (CPA) measurement has been demonstrated to correlate with clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C, alcohol‐related and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed to investigate the ability of CPA to quantify liver fibrosis and predict clinical events in PSC.

Methods

Biopsies from 101 PSC patients from two European centres were retrospectively assessed by two expert pathologists in tandem, using grading (Ishak and Nakanuma) and staging (Ishak, Nakanuma, Ludwig) systems recently validated to predict clinical events in PSC. CPA was determined by image analysis of picro‐Sirius red‐stained sections following a standard protocol. We assessed the correlations between CPA, staging and grading and their associations with three outcomes: (1) time to PSC‐related death, liver transplant or primary liver cancer; (2) liver transplant‐free survival; (3) occurrence of cirrhosis‐related clinical manifestations.

Results

CPA correlated strongly with histological stage determined by each scoring system (P < .001) and was significantly associated with the three endpoints. Median time to endpoint‐1, endpoint‐2 and endpoint‐3 was shorter in patients with higher CPA, on Kaplan‐Meier analyses (P = .011, P = .034 and P = .001, respectively).

Conclusion

Quantitative fibrosis assessment by CPA has utility in PSC. It correlates with established histological staging systems and predicts clinical events. CPA may be a useful tool for staging fibrosis and for risk stratification in PSC and should be evaluated further within prospective clinical trials.
Progression of cortical dysfunction in CSF1R‐related leukoencephalopathy detected using single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Sakaguchi Hiroka , Hasegawa Itsuki , Minatani Shinobu , Miyazawa Naotaka , Okamoto Kosuke , Mino Toshikazu , Takeda Akitoshi , Hatsuta Hiroyuki , Yoshizaki Takahito , Abe Takato , Kondo Yasufumi , Yoshida Kunihiro , Itoh Yoshiaki
Published: June 2021

Background

Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease progressively affecting cognitive and motor functions, most often caused by mutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R).

Aim

To elucidate the mechanism of disease progression, changes in white matter lesions and cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) were evaluated in cases during various stages of the disease.

Methods

All patients were diagnosed with HDLS by confirming mutations in CSF1R. Regional CBF was evaluated using single‐photon emission computed tomography and was analyzed semiquantitatively.

Results

Three cases (2 males and 1 female, ages 51, 53, and 48 years on admission, disease duration from 1 to 8 years) were registered. All cases exhibited different CSF1R mutations and progressive frontal dysfunction. Scores of the Frontal Assessment Battery and time in the Trail Making Test worsened as the disease progressed, whereas the Mini‐Mental State Examination score remained relatively stable. MRI revealed progressive white matter lesions in the frontal lobe and atrophy of the anterior body of the corpus callosum. Regional CBF was low in the medial frontal cortex in the early case, and the area of hypoperfusion spread to the lateral frontal cortex and parietal cortex as the disease progressed. CBF was maintained in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and occipital lobes.

Conclusions

Hypoperfusion was initially observed in the medial frontal lobe and spread to the lateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe with disease progression. Spreading of accumulated abnormal proteins induced by mutation in CSF1R may be involved as a molecular mechanism of disease progression.
Three‐dimensional soft tissue changes in orthodontic extraction and non‐extraction patients: A prospective study
Authors: Rongo Roberto , Nissen Line , Leroy Cécile , Michelotti Ambrosina , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Cornelis Marie A.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To assess the soft tissue changes in orthodontic extraction and non‐extraction patients on 3D stereophotogrammetric images.

Setting and sample

23 extraction (22.2 ± 9.2 years) and 23 non‐extraction (20.3 ± 11.1 years) consecutive patients were enrolled at the Sections of Orthodontics at Aarhus University and at University of Naples Federico II.

Methods

All patients had a first 3D image taken after bonding of brackets on the upper incisors (T0), and a second 3D image (T1) after space closure in the extraction group or at insertion of the first SS or TMA rectangular wire in the non‐extraction group. The 3D images were captured with 3dMDFace System and analysed with 3dMDVultus Software. After placing 19 landmarks, 15 measurements were obtained. Intragroup changes were analysed with paired t‐test and intergroup changes with unpaired t‐test (P < .05).

Results

Superimpositions of the 3D images at T0 and T1 visualized with colour‐coded maps showed that soft tissue changes primarily happened in the perioral area in both groups. The Nasolabial angle increased significantly in the extraction group (3°± 4.1, P = .002), while it decreased in the non‐extraction group (−1.5°± 5.5°, P = .002). There was a significant difference between the two groups (4.4°, P = .004).

Conclusions

3D comparison of the soft tissues in the extraction and non‐extraction groups showed statistically significant, but clinically limited differences in the perioral area. The Nasolabial angle was significantly larger at T1 in the extraction group compared with the non‐extraction group.
Tricuspid regurgitation associated with implantable electrical device insertion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tatum Rob , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Wood Chelsey T. , Deb Avijit K. , Austin Melissa A. , O'Malley Thomas J. , Choi Jae Hwan , Massey H. Todd , Morris Rohinton J. , Pavri Behzad B. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: June 2021

Background

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and permanent pacemaker (PPM) lead placement may worsen or result in tricuspid regurgitation (TR). While the association between lead placement and the incidence of TR has been established, current understanding of this problem remains incomplete. This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to pool the existing evidence to better understand the occurrence and severity of TR associated with cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED) insertion.

Methods

An electronic search was performed to identify all relevant studies published from 2000 to 2018. Overall, 15 studies were selected for the analysis comprising 4019 patients with data reported on TR development following ICD or PPM lead placement. Demographic information, perioperative clinical variables, and clinical outcome measures, including pre and postoperative echocardiographic TR grade changes, were extracted and pooled for systematic review.

Results

Mean patient age was 69 years [95% CI: 64.62‐73.59], and 63% [95% CI: 57‐68] were male. Devices implanted included ICD in 57% [95%CI: 43‐70] and PPM in 41% [95%CI: 31‐52]. The most common indications for pacemaker implantation were sick sinus syndrome in 22% [95% CI: 22‐37] and AV block in 21% [95%CI:12‐34. The commonest indications for ICD implantation were primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Atrial fibrillation was present in 37% [95%CI: 28‐46] and congestive heart failure in 15% [95%CI: 2‐57]. Baseline distribution of TR grades were as follows: grade 0/1 TR in 89% [95%CI: 82‐93], grade 2 TR in 8% [95%CI: 5‐13], grade 3 TR in 2% [95%CI: 0‐7] and grade 4 TR in 2% [95%CI: 1‐4]. Post‐procedure, grade 0/ 1 TR decreased to 68% [95% CI: 51‐81] (p < 0.01), grade 2 TR increased to 21% [15‐28] (p < 0.01), grade 3 TR increased to 13% [95%CI: 5‐32] (p = 0.02), and grade 4 TR increased to 7% [95%CI: 5‐9] (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

ICD and PPM lead placement is associated with increased TR post‐procedure. Further studies are warranted to evaluate changes in TR grade in the long term.
Landing on the spot: Approaches to outflow tract PVCs; from ECG to EGMs to intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: Hadjis Alexios , Frontera Antonio , Limite Luca Rosario , Lipartiti Felicia , Tsitsinakis George , Vlachos Konstantinos , Becker Giuliano , Sturmer Marcio , Jaïs Pierre , Hsia Henry , Gerstenfeld Edward , Della Bella Paolo
Published: June 2021

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are increasingly recognized, as the use of ECG wearables becomes more widespread. In particular, PVCs arising from both the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) comprise the majority of these arrhythmias and form a significant component of an electrophysiology practice. A keen understanding of the correlative anatomy of the outflow tracts, in addition to recognizing key ECG indices illustrating PVC sites of origin, are fundamental in preparing for a successful ablation. Patient selection, incorporating symptomatology, structural disease, and PVC burden can pose a challenge, though tools such as the ABC‐VT risk score may help identify those patients with a higher risk of clinical deterioration. Utilizing intracardiac echocardiography to highlight salient anatomic features not visible with fluoroscopy allows for a more precise and safer ablation. Interpretation of intracardiac EGMs, and the careful examination for low amplitude highly fractionated pre‐potentials, enhanced by the advent of new developed mapping/ablation catheters, remains crucial. Utilizing these tools will guide the electrophysiologist to an efficient and effective outflow tract PVC ablation.
Correlation between the Bayley‐III at 3 years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition, at 6 years
Authors: Nishijima Mizuki , Yoshida Taketoshi , Matsumura Kenta , Inomata Satomi , Nagaoka Mitsuhide , Tamura Kentaro , Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami
Published: June 2021

Background

Although several studies have investigated the association between Bayley‐III results in infancy and future intellectual development, conclusions remain unclear. We used the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) at 3 years of age and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV) at 6 years of age to assess the neurodevelopment of very low birthweight infants.

Methods

We investigated the correlation between Bayley‐III's cognitive, language, and motor scores and the WISC‐IV's Full‐Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). We also determined the optimal cut‐off value of Bayley‐III to enter the normal development zone (FSIQ ≥ 85).

Results

We found a strong correlation between the Bayley‐III and the FSIQ. Optimal cut‐off scores of the Bayley‐III to enter the normal range on the WISC‐IV were 95 for the cognitive scale, 89 for the language scale, and 91 for the motor development scale.

Conclusions

Although Bayley‐III scores strongly correlated with the WISC‐IV FSIQ, the lower normal limit of 85 on the Bayley‐III suggests a potential overestimation of development in children who were VLBW infants.
Identification and biological analysis of LncSPRY4‐IT1‐targeted functional proteins in photoaging skin
Authors: Hou Wenyi , Lin Yao , Xu Weichun , Chen Haiyan , Liu Yufang , Li Changxing , Zheng Yue
Published: June 2021

Background/purpose

Skin photoaging, main causes of skin aging, is induced by chronic UV irradiation. LncSPRY4‐IT1, a broadly expressed lncRNA, takes part in various biological functions by combining with functional protein molecules. However, the role of LncSPRY4‐IT1 in skin photoaging process has not been characterized. This study is to investigate the interacting proteins of LncSPRY4‐IT1 by combining RNA pull‐down, high‐throughput, and bioinformatic analysis.

Methods

Human skin fibroblasts (HDFs) were exposed to 10 J/cm2 UVA irradiation, once a day for 14 days. LncSPRY4‐IT1 expression was qualified via RT‐PCR. In vitro RNA pull‐down assays and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis were used to identify the LncSPRY4‐IT1‐related proteins. Functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment were preformed via Gene Ontology and KEGG.

Results

LncSPRY4‐IT1 expression in photoaging fibroblasts was increased 1.66 ± 0.23 folds. 181 LncSPRY4‐IT1‐interacting proteins in UVA‐induced photoaging skin fibroblast irradiation were identified, of which 56 proteins with two or more unique peptides, 73 proteins related to RNA processing, and 5 proteins related to DNA processing. High‐throughput and bioinformatic analysis showed that LncSPRY4‐IT1‐targeting proteins were involved in cellular process, metabolic process, biological regulation, and cell part in skin photoaging process. The KEGG revealed that LncSPRY4‐IT1‐targeting proteins were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.

Conclusion

The results of our studies illuminate how LncSPRY4‐IT1 formed a LncRNA‐protein regulatory network in skin photoaging mechanisms and suggest that LncSPRY4‐IT1 may serve as a novel upstream intervention target for the prevention and treatment of photoaging and related skin diseases.
Biting one’s tongue: autoglossotomy and agency in The Spanish Tragedy
Authors: Skuse Alanna
Published: June 2021

When the protagonist Hieronimo bites out his own tongue in Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, his actions seem to make little sense. After all, he has already explained the very plot which he claims to be keeping a secret through his self‐injury. However this article argues that Hieronimo's tongue‐biting taps into rich discourses about self‐injury, personal agency, stoicism and madness. I argue that self‐injury was related to suicide in its assertion of control over the individual body, and could therefore operate as a type of protest. Moreover, stories of tongue‐biting from classical sources functioned as stoic exemplars of resistance to political tyranny. Revisions of The Spanish Tragedy shifted the meaning of this scene by placing increasing emphasis on Hieronimo's madness and the role of the supernatural forces in determining the play's events. overall, however, I argue that Hieronimo's tongue‐biting should be read as bringing together a number of cultural scripts, which interact and overlap to produce a morally ambiguous and richly allusive scene.
‘Regionalism’ and the global trade system
Authors: Pomfret Richard
Published: June 2021

The post‐1945 global trading system was designed around the principle of non‐discrimination. During the 1947–94 GATT era, regionalism and multilateralism were often viewed as antagonistic approaches to international trade, and preferential treatment within regional blocs was to be deterred. Since 1995, although regional trade agreements are monitored by the WTO Secretariat and presented as a threat to the system, regionalism poses little threat to the multilateral trading system. This paper argues that major twenty‐first century RTAs go beyond preferential tariff treatment to focus on deeper integration issues. Such issues are addressed outside the WTO because, despite new features of the international trade map since 1995 such as Internet use and global value chains, extension of WTO rules has proved difficult due to the requirement for consensus. The paper analyses the rise of megaregional agreements such as CPTPP and RCEP, the shift in EU policy from protecting domestic producers to facilitating imports from best global suppliers and the use of WTO plurilateral agreements within the context of providing rules fit for purpose in the modern global trading system.
Association of VEGFA polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese Han and Mongolian populations
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Wang Xin , Jiao Na , Chen Jiyuan , Sun Dejun
Published: June 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is an important growth factor involved in changes in the bronchial microvascular and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression. What is the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFA with the risk of COPD in the Chinese Han and Mongolian populations?

What is the main finding and its importance?

The effect of five SNPs in the VEGFA gene was analysed and compared between the Chinese Han and Mongolian populations. A contribution of risk alleles rs833068, rs833070 and rs3024997 to COPD was detected in the Chinese Mongolian population only. The study provided data from different populations to validate the role of VEGFA polymorphisms in COPD and provided reliable SNPs to predict the risk of COPD.

We attempted to define the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese Han and Mongolian cohorts. Five SNPs were genotyped in cohorts of 684 COPD patients (350 Mongolian and 334 Han) and 784 healthy controls (350 Mongolian and 434 Han) using SNPscan multiplex PCR. SNP frequencies, genetic models and haplotypes were analysed using the chi‐square test. The associations of SNPs with COPD and linkage disequilibrium were analysed using logistic regression and HaploView, respectively. We found that only rs833068G>A, rs833070T>C and rs3024997G>A were significantly associated with the risk of COPD in the Mongolian population (rs833068: P < 0.001, rs833070: P < 0.001, rs3024997: P = 0.002). In the analysis of genotype distributions, the A/A and G/A genotypes in rs833068 (A/A: odds ratio (OR) = 0.313, P < 0.001; G/A: OR = 0.724, P < 0.001) and rs3024997 (A/A: OR = 0.513, P = 0.008; G/A: OR = 0.671, P = 0.008) and the C/C and T/C genotypes in rs833070 (C/C: OR = 0.435, P = 0.007; T/C: OR = 0.593, P = 0.007) were associated with protection against COPD in the Mongolian population. The haplotype frequencies of GCCAT and GTCGC were significantly different between the patients and controls (GCCAT: P = 0.001; GTCGC: P < 0.001) in the Mongolian population. Our findings indicate that five SNPs in the VEGFA gene play divergent roles in the Han and Mongolian populations. rs833068A, rs833070C and rs3024997A were observed to be associated with the risk of COPD in the Mongolian population.
50 años de historia. Departamento y programa de Historia de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Authors: Díaz Casas María Camila , Vivas Díaz Andrés Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Con motivo de la conmemoración de los 50 años de fundación del programa de Historia de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, en el 2019 se realizó una serie de actividades para reflexionar sobre las trayectorias y los distintos desafíos en la formación de futuros historiadores. Entre las convocatorias se propuso la realización de un ensayo histórico sobre el medio siglo del funcionamiento del programa y una investigación sobre los trabajos de grado que se presentaron entre 1969 y 2019. El presente texto compila los dos trabajos ganadores de ambas convocatorias. En estos escritos, es posible leer los contextos del proceso de profesionalización de la historia como disciplina en Colombia y el marco en el que se fundó la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y el programa de Historia. Asimismo, se aborda la relación de los currículos y trabajos de grado con las corrientes historiográficas y las coyunturas sociales. Además, se explican los procesos de reformas y cambios realizados como parte de la reflexión sobre qué es la historia, cómo enseñarla y aprenderla, cuál es su función social y cómo los historiadores pueden contribuir a la construcción de una sociedad más justa. Este libro, entonces, es una historia sobre el programa de Historia, que muestra el vínculo entre la enseñanza, la investigación histórica y algunos aspectos de la vida social, política y cultural de la sociedad colombiana entre 1969 y 2019.
On the Modeling of Anisotropic Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Flange Joints
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Vafadar Ali Khazraiyan , Ngô Anh Dung
Published: June 2021

Fiber-reinforced plastic composite flanges have recently experienced a spectacular development in the area of pressure vessels and piping. The current procedures used for the design of these flanges are a major concern because of their inappropriateness to address the anisotropic behavior of composite materials. The current ASME code section X related to the design procedure of composite flanges uses the same analytical method as that of section VIII division 2, which treats the flanges as isotropic materials such as metallic flanges. This study deals with Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) bolted flange joints integrity and bolt tightness. A new developed analytical FRP model that treats anisotropic flanges with and without a hub is presented. The model is based on the anisotropy and a flexibility analysis of all joint elements including the gasket, bolts, and flanges. It is supported experimentally with tests conducted on a real NPS 3 class 150 WN FRP bolted flange. Furthermore, three different numerical models based on three-dimensional anisotropic layered shell and solid element models were conducted to further compare and verify the results obtained from the new developed analytical approach. The results show that the new model has potential to be used as an alternative tool to FEM to analyze the stresses and deformation of problematic FRP bolted joints.
Advances in Computers and Information in Engineering Research, Volume 2
Authors: Michopoulos John G. , Paredis Christiaan J.J. , Rosen David W. , Vance Judy M.
Published: June 2021

Book Series Editorial Board

John Michopoulos, Naval Research Laboratory

David Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology

Chris Paredis, Georgia Institute of Technology

Judy Vance, Iowa State University

This is the second volume in this book series that aims to capture advances in computers and information in engineering research, especially by researchers and members of ASME’s Computers & Information in Engineering (CIE) Division.

The series is focusing on advances in computational methods, algorithms, tools, and processes on the cutting edge of research and development as they have evolved and/or have been reported during the last three to five annual CIE conferences. The series will provide a resource for enhancing engineering practice by enabling the understanding and the application of evolving and emerging technologies that impact critical engineering issues related to the topics and themes under CIE’s technical committees areas of interest, but not limited to:

Advanced Modeling and Simulation; Computer-Aided Product and Process Development; Systems Engineering, Information and Knowledge Management; Virtual Environments and Systems.
Underlying simplicity of 5f unoccupied electronic structure
Authors: Tobin J. G. , Nowak S. , Yu S.-W. , Roussel P. , Alonso-Mori R. , Kroll T. , Nordlund D. , Weng T.-C. , Sokaras D.
Published: June 2021

Using a simple empirical model based upon the bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy of elemental Th, it is possible to explain the recent high energy resolution fluorescence detection measurements of UF4 (n = 2) and UCd11 (n = 3) as well as the new inverse photoelectron spectroscopy of Pu2O3 (n = 5), where n is the 5f occupation number. A critical issue in this analysis is the assumption that the Th 5f states are essentially empty, which will be confirmed both experimentally and computationally. Thus, for 5f systems, this simple model provides a unified and consistent picture of 5f unoccupied density of states in simple, localized systems, as the 5f occupation varies in the early part of the series, for n = 0, 2, 3, and 5.
Broad depth-of-field Bessel beams using acoustic holograms
Authors: Jiménez-Gambín Sergio , Andrés Diana , Jiménez Noé , M. Benlloch José , Camarena Francisco
Published: June 2021

Ideal Bessel beams can be useful for ultrasound imaging, biomedical ultrasound and particle manipulation. Since traditional passive methods to generate these beams are not capable of achieving a flat-intensity beam along the axial coordinate, we use acoustic holograms to produce ideal broad depth-of-field Bessel beams at zero-th and high-order topological charges.
Photoacoustic impulse response of lipid-coated ultrasound contrast agents
Authors: Inzunza Marco , Borden Mark , Murray Todd
Published: June 2021

An optical technique to excite and detect linear microbubble radial oscillations as a response of a photoacoustic impulse is presented. The radial oscillation information of the microbubble is then used to determine the viscoelastic properties of the lipid shell.
Rough seafloor and target far-field scattering prediction using numerically determined Green’s functions
Authors: Gunderson Aaron M.
Published: June 2021

Acoustic scattering from rough seafloor, and from targets on and buried within rough seafloor interfaces, is modeled using 3D finite elements to capture the effect of seafloor roughness and variability upon the far-field scattering. Though the model is necessarily small, far-field scattering prediction is achieved using Green’s functions determined numerically within the model. Comparisons to experimental measurements and between models demonstrate the effect that seafloor roughness and variation, as well as target orientation, burial, and asymmetry have upon the measured scattering. Numerically determined Green’s functions are an efficient method for obtaining long-range scattering prediction out of small, localized models, and are practical for complex geometry situations in which the exact Green’s function is difficult to estimate analytically. Best practice techniques for domain truncation in complex environments are also explored and compared in this work. [This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.]
Tuning signature modes in guitars—A lesson by Faustino Conde
Authors: Mores Robert
Published: June 2021

The low-frequency range strongly determines sound quality in a classical Spanish guitar. In the range above the fundamental air mode A0 at roughly 100 Hz and below 400 Hz, most guitars reveal one or two main plate/body resonances. A progressive construction from Faustino Conde in 1964 was meant to leverage versatility across classical and flamenco guitar styles, and it reveals four distinct and well-balanced resonances in the mentioned range. Related modes have intensely been discussed for the violin, the so-called signature modes, but not necessarily for the guitar. This contribution points at constructive reasons behind the multiple resonances, identifies related tuning parameters which are finally part of a general analytical model. Analytical results deliver related eigenfrequencies while numerical analyses yield the modes’ relative mobility, in agreement with both, an experimental set-up and diverse measurements at the guitar. In conclusion, all guitars could have more than two resonances, but the parametrical space of the four related parameters is wide and the tuning is delicate.
Measurements and analysis of acoustic guitars during various stages of their construction
Authors: Rau Mark
Published: June 2021

Vibration measurements were taken at various stages of the construction of three steel-string acoustic guitars. The construction stages include: the unaltered top plate, braced top plate at multiple steps during the brace carving, glued guitar body before and after sanding, and the completed guitar. Measurements were taken with a laser Doppler vibrometer and force hammer to analyze the mode frequencies, damping, and amplitudes, and track how they evolve. The motivation is to investigate which building steps create the most significant vibrational changes and gain insight into the significance of each change. This knowledge can be used to help instrument builders know at which stage they can make specific alterations, and how much variation they can expect to see during the remainder of the construction.
COVID-19 related sound reduction. Soundscape changes during Peruvian de-escalation and “abnormal” opening
Authors: Montano Walter A.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has changed the worldwide way of life. In March 2020, Peru declared a State of Emergency and defined different phases to control the virus spreading, and as a result of the lockdown, Peruvian cities sound levels were reduced as never before imagined. The author installed a noise sensor before the pandemic on a rooftop to record the overflights sound levels, since the office building is in a residential area, which is near to the aircraft climbing curve towards the ocean on departure from Lima. The author published in JASA an article with the soundscape analysis of Lima, Peru, registered by the device between March through June 2020, so all soundscape changes have been measured as a consequence of flight suppression (due to the airport lockdown) and also because of a ban on traffic circulation in streets and curfew to reduce social distancing. In this paper, the author will analyze the sound levels registered from July through December 2020, which includes all de-escalation stages, the restart of non-essential activities and the partial opening of Lima international airport. The most important result of this survey is to have been able to measure the nighttime aircraft noise impact, in order to assess their noise annoyance, mainly from those which overflight at dawn that they are capable of producing sleep interruption.
Impact of United Kingdom lockdown on subsea noise from vessel propulsion
Authors: Neasham Jeffrey , Lowes Gavin
Published: June 2021

As part of the EPSRC funded project Smart Dust for Large Scale Underwater Wireless Sensing (USMART) autonomous subsea vessel detectors have been developed which use passive acoustic sensing to detect the signature of cavitation noise from vessel propellers. These are low cost, low energy devices capable of long deployments of 6 + months which deliver near real time data on vessel detections via an acoustic/RF communication network. Since they are capable of detecting vessels that have no AIS or similar transponder, they provide a more complete picture of vessel traffic including unauthorised/illegal activity. An experimental deployment of a device off the Northumberland Coast spanned the enforcement of lockdown in the UK on 23rd March 2020. This led to an immediate reduction in marine traffic, especially fishing boats and other small vessels, which was clearly measured by the vessel detector. In this presentation we will briefly describe the acoustic technology, the results obtained and show how simple power spectral analysis of nearby hydrophone recordings was barely able to measure this difference. This leads to the conclusion that detecting vessel signature noise is a more effective way of quantifying the impact on anthropogenic noise.
Increasing Intensity: the sounds of church bells in Australia one year after COVID-19
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H. , Parker Murray
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how a stochastic disruptive event can dramatically alter community soundscapes. Whilst religious bells are symbolic in rituals in many faiths worldwide, the sound emanating from church bells can be by nature considered public domain and are therefore not exclusive to the church. Pandemic-related interruption of these sounds impacts not only the church involved, but both the surrounding soundscape and any members of the community who ascribe value to these sounds. We examine the soundscape of Christian churches in New South Wales, to give an Australian perspective one year on from the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide an update of the situation in Australia, building on our previous work from August 2020. In doing so, we explore two different patterns of church bell ringing; change ringing and directed calling, and how each of these “non-essential” activities have been affected, both during and subsequent to the heavy community restrictions applied in Australia. We also explore to what lengths bell-ringers have undertaken to be permitted to conduct such activities, such as the use of protective equipment and/or “social distancing,” and consider what projections could be applied to similar soundscapes elsewhere in the world.
Weakly nonlinear evolution of pressure waves in a polydisperse bubbly liquid
Authors: Kawame Takuma , Kanagawa Tetsuya
Published: June 2021

Weakly nonlinear propagation of plane pressure waves in initially quiescent liquids containing spherical bubbles with a small initial polydispersity of the bubble radius and bubble number density is theoretically studied to clarify the effect of the polydispersity on wave propagation. The wavelength is comparable with the bubble radius and the incident frequency of waves is with an eigenfrequency of the bubble. We consider two different cases of the size of the polydispersity (i.e., small and large polydispersities) and assume that the polydispersity appears at a field far from a sound source. The polydispersity is formulated into a set of perturbation expansions. Bubble oscillations are spherically symmetric, and bubbles do not coalesce, break up, appear, and disappear. The basic set is composed of the conservation laws of mass and momentum for gas and liquid phases based on a two-fluid model, equation of motion for bubble wall, and so on. From the perturbation analysis up to the third order of approximation, two cases of nonlinear wave equation for a long-range propagation of waves were derived. We concluded that the polydispersity affects the advection of waves and is expressed as a variable coefficient.
Reconsidering “articulatory effort” as an explanatory force
Authors: Bakst Sarah
Published: June 2021

Phoneticians and phonologists have long appealed to the concept of “articulatory effort” to explain various phenomena. Oxygen consumption has been measured as a proxy for articulatory effort, and indeed, increased consumption has been observed for louder or faster articulatory movements (Moon and Lindblom, 2003). Other work has relied on the intuition that changing the position or shape of the articulators requires effort, and the speech production system seeks to minimize that effort expenditure. However, this effort minimization is constrained by the need to maintain phonetic contrasts. This talk will present recent work on individual differences in articulatory variability in reconsideration of the explanatory power of the concept of articulatory effort.
Bearing estimation of screams using a volumetric microphone array mounted on a UAV
Authors: Varela Macarena , Wirth Wulf-Dieter
Published: June 2021

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also called drones, is increasing for emergency and rescue operations. UAVs can be equipped with state-of-the-art technology to enable surveillance and provide quick situational awareness. Considering that UAVs better reach inaccessible and larger areas than other types of vehicles, such as Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs), they could be used to locate people during catastrophes, and support the rescue team. For this purpose, an automatic and accurate detection, bearing estimation, and source localization system focused on specific audio events, such as persons’ screams, is being developed at Fraunhofer FKIE. The solve those tasks, the system uses a particular volumetric array of MEMS microphones, called “Crow’s Nest Array,” combined with advanced array processing techniques, such as beamforming. The spatial distribution and number of microphones in arrays have a crucial influence on the bearing estimation of audio events; therefore, in this paper, microphone array configurations are described, and their performance in different open field experiments is presented.
FindPorpoises: Deep learning for detection of harbor porpoise echolocation clicks
Authors: Mellinger David K. , Fregosi Selene
Published: June 2021

Tom Norris expressed conservation concern for the vaquita, a close relative of harbor porpoises; here we report on a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) conservation effort. Tidal energy devices are installed in high-flow estuaries that are also prime harbor porpoise habitat. To study tidal energy device impacts on porpoises, sound was recorded in Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, Canada. Analysis aimed to distinguish harbor porpoises from noise sources. “Click candidate” sounds were detected using the ratio between the harbor porpoise frequency band and lower guard band, then reviewed by humans to label which were correct. Because more “correct” instances were needed, data were augmented by mixing porpoise clicks with known noise, producing 20,000 “click present” labeled instances. Additionally, 20 000 “non-click” instances were extracted from noise recordings. Labeled instances were made into a 0.5-s equalized spectrograms for training deep-learning networks. Of the network architectures tried, the best was a convolutional neural network with pooling and fully connected layers, achieving 99.1% accuracy. User-friendly “FindPorpoises” software was made to pre-process raw files, detect candidate clicks, use the trained network to sort candidate clicks into correct and incorrect instances, and plot and tabulate the results by time of day, tide cycle, and month. [Work supported by OERA.]
Oscillatory whistles—The ups and downs of identifying species in passive acoustic recordings
Authors: Oswald Julie N. , Walmsley Sam F. , Casey Caroline , Fregosi Selene , Southall Brandon , Janik Vincent M.
Published: June 2021

Sympatric short- and long-beaked common dolphins in the Southern California Bight (Delphinus delphis and D. delphis bairdii) are challenging to identify acoustically because their whistles overlap in many time-frequency characteristics. We therefore asked whether frequency modulation patterns can help with species identification. Whistle contours from single-species encounters (short-beaked = 902 whistles, 14 schools, long-beaked = 872 whistles, 10 schools) were extracted and categorized based on frequency content and shape using dynamic time warping and artificial neural networks. This analysis resulted in 447 whistle types with 38% being produced by both species. Of the remaining species-specific whistle types, 22% (n = 60) were recorded from more than one school. Thirty-two of these were specific to short-beaked common dolphins and 28 were specific to long-beaked common dolphins. Almost half of the short-beaked common dolphin species-specific whistle types (47%) were oscillatory (contour shape containing at least two cycles with the maximum and minimum of each cycle separated by at least 1 kHz), while only 3% of long-beaked common dolphin species-specific types were oscillatory. Thus, oscillatory whistles appear to be diagnostic of short-beaked common dolphins in this area. More broadly, our findings suggest that repertoire-wide comparisons of acoustic features may overlook possible species recognition via specific signals.
Theoretical analysis of acoustic pulse propagation through forest edges
Authors: Muhlestein Michael B. , Swearingen Michelle E.
Published: June 2021

Sound propagation through forest edges can be complicated due to the sudden and significant change in propagation environment. One approach to estimating the coherent and diffuse sound fields due to an acoustic pulse in or near a forest boundary is to use the energy-based radiative transfer (RT) theory [Muhlestein et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 (2018)]. This technique accounts for propagation from the source to scattering locations through an effective medium, single scattering, and propagation from the scattering locations to the measurement site. This paper applies the RT theory to two cases: an acoustic pulse source located within a forest and a receiver located outside, and vice versa. The results are compared with experimental data.