bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptic HBV Replicative Activity Is Frequently Revealed in Anti-HBc-Positive/HBsAg-Negative Patients with HIV Infection by Highly Sensitive Molecular Assays, and Can Be Predicted by Integrating Classical and Novel Serological HBV Markers
Authors: Salpini Romina , Malagnino Vincenzo , Piermatteo Lorenzo , Mulas Tiziana , Alkhatib Mohammad , Scutari Rossana , Teti Elisabetta , Cerva Carlotta , Yu La Rosa Katia , Brugneti Marta , Bertoli Ada , Rossi Benedetta , Holzmayer Vera , Gersch Jeffrey , Kuhns Mary , Cloherty Gavin , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Perno Carlo-Federico , Iannetta Marco , Andreoni Massimo , Sarmati Loredana , Svicher Valentina
Published: November 2020

The anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative status is frequent in HIV-infection and correlates with poor survival. Here, by highly-sensitive assays, we evaluate cryptic HBV replication and factors correlated with its detection in 81 anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients. Patients were treated for >12 months with HBV-active modern combined antiretroviral-therapy (cART) and had serum HBV-DNA < 20 IU/mL by commercial Real-Time PCR. Serum HBV-DNA was quantified by droplet digital PCR, serum HBV-RNA by an Abbott research assay, and anti-HBc titer (proposed to infer intrahepatic cccDNA) by Lumipulse/Fujirebio. Cryptic serum HBV-DNA was detected in 29.6% of patients (median (IQR): 4(1–15) IU/mL) and serum HBV-RNA in 3.7% of patients despite HBsAg-negativity and HBV-active cART. Notably, cryptic serum HBV-DNA correlated with an advanced CDC-stage (p = 0.01) and a lower anti-HBs titer (p = 0.05), while serum HBV-RNA correlated with lower nadir CD4+ cell-count (p = 0.01). By analyzing serological HBV-markers, the combination of anti-HBs < 50 mIU/mL (indicating lower immune response) plus anti-HBc > 15COI (reflecting higher HBV replicative activity) was predictive of cryptic serum HBV-DNA (OR: 4.7(1.1–21.7), p = 0.046, PPV = 62.5%, and NPV = 72%). In conclusion, cryptic HBV-replication (not detected by classical assays) characterizes a conspicuous set of anti-HBc-positive HIV-infected patients despite HBsAg-negativity and HBV-active combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The integration of classical and novel markers may help identify patients with cryptic HBV-replication, thus optimizing the monitoring of anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients.
Phenotypic Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Presence of Siderophore-Antibiotic Conjugates during Epithelial Cell Infection
Authors: Perraud Quentin , Cantero Paola , Munier Mathilde , Hoegy Françoise , Zill Nicolas , Gasser Véronique , Mislin Gaëtan L. A. , Ehret-Sabatier Laurence , Schalk Isabelle J.
Published: November 2020

Iron acquisition pathways have often been considered to be gateways for the uptake of antibiotics into bacteria. Bacteria excrete chelators, called siderophores, to access iron. Antibiotic molecules can be covalently attached to siderophores for their transport into pathogens during the iron-uptake process. P. aeruginosa produces two siderophores and is also able to use many siderophores produced by other bacteria. We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of iron-uptake pathway expression in an epithelial cell infection assay in the presence of two different siderophore–antibiotic conjugates, one with a hydroxamate siderophore and the second with a tris-catechol. Proteomic and RT-qPCR approaches showed that P. aeruginosa was able to sense the presence of both compounds in its environment and adapt the expression of its iron uptake pathways to access iron via them. Moreover, the catechol-type siderophore–antibiotic was clearly more efficient in inducing the expression of its corresponding transporter than the hydroxamate compound when both were simultaneously present. In parallel, the expression of the proteins of the two iron uptake pathways using siderophores produced by P. aeruginosa was significantly repressed in the presence of both conjugates. Altogether, the data indicate that catechol-type siderophores are more promising vectors for antibiotic vectorization using a Trojan-horse strategy.
Proteomic Studies of the Biofilm Matrix including Outer Membrane Vesicles of Burkholderia multivorans C1576, a Strain of Clinical Importance for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Terán Lucrecia C. , Distefano Marco , Bellich Barbara , Petrosino Sara , Bertoncin Paolo , Cescutti Paola , Sblattero Daniele
Published: November 2020

Biofilms are aggregates of microbial cells encased in a highly hydrated matrix made up of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. While biofilm matrix polysaccharides are unraveled, there is still poor knowledge about the identity and function of matrix-associated proteins. With this work, we performed a comprehensive proteomic approach to disclose the identity of proteins associated with the matrix of biofilm-growing Burkholderia multivorans C1576 reference strain, a cystic fibrosis clinical isolate. Transmission electron microscopy showed that B. multivorans C1576 also releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in the biofilm matrix, as already demonstrated for other Gram-negative species. The proteomic analysis revealed that cytoplasmic and membrane-bound proteins are widely represented in the matrix, while OMVs are highly enriched in outer membrane proteins and siderophores. Our data suggest that cell lysis and OMVs production are the most important sources of proteins for the B. multivorans C1576 biofilm matrix. Of note, some of the identified proteins are lytic enzymes, siderophores, and proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These proteins might help B. multivorans C1576 in host tissue invasion and defense towards immune system assaults.
Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota
Authors: Conti Laura , Annibale Bruno , Lahner Edith
Published: November 2020

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is an organ-specific immune-mediated condition characterized by atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is characterized by a progressive loss of acid-secreting parietal cells leading to hypo-achlorhydria. Due to this peculiar intra-gastric environment, gastric microbiota composition in individuals with autoimmune atrophic gastritis was first supposed and then recently reported to be different from subjects with a normal acidic healthy stomach. Recent data confirm the prominent role of Helicobacter pylori as the main bacterium responsible for gastric disease and long-term complications. However, other bacteria than Helicobacter pylori, for example, Streptococci, were found in subjects who developed gastric cancer and in subjects at risk of this fearful complication, as well as those with autoimmune gastritis. Gastric microbiota composition is challenging to study due to the acidic gastric environment, the difficulty of obtaining representative samples of the entire gastric microbiota, and the possible contamination by oral or throat microorganisms, which can potentially lead to the distortion of the original gastric microbial composition, but innovative molecular approaches based on the analysis of the hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene have been developed, permitting us to obtain an overall microbial composition view of the RNA gene that is present only in prokaryotic cells.
Simulating the Effect of Water Recirculation on Flotation through Ion-Spiking: Effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+
Authors: Dzingai Mathew , Manono Malibongwe , Corin Kirsten
Published: November 2020

Froth flotation is a multifaceted complex process which is water intensive. The use of recycled water as an alternative source of water to meet water demands of the process may introduce deleterious inorganic ions that affect the mineral surface, pulp chemistry, and reagent action, hence the need to establish whether threshold ion concentrations exist beyond which flotation performance will be adversely affected. This is of paramount importance in informing appropriate recycle streams and allowing simple, cost-effective water treatment methods to be applied. Here we report that increasing ionic strengths of synthetic plant water (SPW); 3, 5, and 10 SPW respectively, resulted in an increase in water recovery in the order 0.073 mol·dm−3 (3 SPW) < 0.121 mol·dm−3 (5 SPW) < 0.242 mol·dm−3 (10 SPW), indicating an increase in froth stability as higher water recoveries are linked to increased froth stabilities. This behavior is linked to the action of inorganic electrolytes on bubble coalescence which is reported in literature. There was, however, no significant effect on the valuable mineral recovery. Spiking 3 SPW to 400 mg/L Ca2+ resulted in higher copper and nickel grades compared to 3 SPW, 5 SPW, and 10 SPW and was deemed to be the Ca2+ ion threshold concentration for this study since 3 SPW spiked with further Ca2+ to a concentration of 800 mg/L resulted in a decrease in the concentrate grade. The spiking of 3 SPW with Mg2+ resulted in higher copper and nickel grades compared to all other synthetic plant water conditions tested in this study.
A G-Quadruplex-Binding Small Molecule and the HDAC Inhibitor SAHA (Vorinostat) Act Synergistically in Gemcitabine-Sensitive and Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Abdullah , Neidle Stephen
Published: November 2020

The stabilisation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) by small-molecule compounds is an effective approach for causing cell growth arrest, followed by cell death. Some of these compounds are currently being developed for the treatment of human cancers. We have previously developed a substituted naphthalene diimide G4-binding molecule (CM03) with selective potency for pancreatic cancer cells, including gemcitabine-resistant cells. We report here that CM03 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) have synergistic effects at concentrations close to and below their individual GI50 values, in both gemcitabine-sensitive and resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunoblot analysis showed elevated levels of γ-H2AX and cleaved PARP proteins upon drug combination treatment, indicating increased levels of DNA damage (double-strand break events: DSBs) and apoptosis induction, respectively. We propose that the mechanism of synergy involves SAHA relaxing condensed chromatin, resulting in higher levels of G4 formation. In turn, CM03 can stabilise a greater number of G4s, leading to the downregulation of more G4-containing genes as well as a higher incidence of DSBs due to torsional strain on DNA and chromatin structure.
A Comprehensive Study of the Impacts of Oat β-Glucan and Bacterial Curdlan on the Activity of Commercial Starter Culture in Yogurt
Authors: Aljewicz Marek , Majcher Małgorzata , Nalepa Beata
Published: November 2020

This study provides important information about the impacts of various levels of oat (OBG) and bacterial (curdlan) β-glucan and fat contents in milk on survivability and metabolism of yogurt starter cultures. The results show that addition of β-glucans in the concentration higher than 0.25% reduced starter bacterial counts during storage and prolonged the milk acidification process. A significant increase in lactose consumption by starter cultures was noted in the yogurt samples with OBG addition up to 0.75%. The highest (by 567% on average) increase in lactic acid content was noted in the control yogurts. Whereas the lowest (by 351%) increase in lactic acid content was noted in yogurts with OBG. After 28-day storage, the acetic aldehyde content was significantly influenced by fat content, type and addition level of polysaccharide. A higher increase in acetoin content was noted in samples with 0.25% than in samples with 1% of polysaccharides. In turn, significantly lower increases in diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione contents were observed in the yogurt samples with OBG than in these with curdlan, with diacetyl production increase along with the higher concentration of the polysaccharide. The addition of OBG and curdlan to milk contributed to differences in the starter culture metabolism, consequently, in the milk acidification dynamics.
A New Editor in Chief for Molecules (It’s Been a Fun Ride)
Authors: McPhee Derek
Published: November 2020

It is with mixed feelings that I put fingers to keyboard to write this, perhaps my last Editorial as Editor-in-Chief of Molecules [...]
Characterization of K6Ta10.8O30 Microrods with Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze-Like Structure Obtained from Tailings from the Penouta Sn-Ta-Nb Deposit
Authors: Sotillo Belén , Alcaraz Lorena , López Félix A. , Fernández Paloma
Published: November 2020

In this work, a deep characterization of the properties of K6Ta10.8O30 microrods has been performed. The starting material used to grow the microrods has been recovered from mining tailings coming from the Penouta Sn-Ta-Nb deposit, located in the north of Spain. The recovered material has been submitted to a thermal treatment to grow the microrods. Then, they have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman and micro-photoluminescence. The results of our study confirm that the K6Ta10.8O30 microrods have a tetragonal tungsten bronze-like crystal structure, which can be useful for ion-batteries and photocatalysis.
Perspectives on Continuing Education Programs for Foundation-Level Drugstore Pharmacists in Japan
Authors: Terajima Tomoko , Matsushita Kumiko , Yamada Seiichiro , Suzuki Hiroaki , Yano Shingo , Makimura Mizue , Yamamura Shigeo
Published: November 2020

Background: Continuing education (CE) is important for developing and updating pharmacists’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes. CE programs should be developed according to social requirements but also based on personal requirements depending on the sectors the pharmacists work in. This research aims to explore perspectives on CE programs for foundation-level drugstore pharmacists in Japan. Method: Foundation-level drugstore pharmacists were asked what CE programs or training they needed to develop patient care or customer satisfaction. Results: We obtained 417 opinions (multiple answers were allowed) in 280 responses from 460 pharmacists (male: 245 and female: 215). The products and goods about which drugstore pharmacists wanted to learn covered a wide range. They wanted to learn about taping skills, tests, and products and devices related to care of the elderly. Taping skill would be quite unique for drugstore pharmacists. For special populations, they wanted knowledge and skills related to pregnancy tests and the safe use of medication by pregnant or lactating women. Conclusion: Drugstore pharmacists in Japan have different CE and continuing professional development (CPD) requirements from community pharmacists. The benefits of CE programs meeting pharmacists’ requirements should be evaluated in future research.
Comparing Reinforcement Learning Methods for Real-Time Optimization of a Chemical Process
Authors: Quah Titus , Machalek Derek , Powell Kody M.
Published: November 2020

One popular method for optimizing systems, referred to as ANN-PSO, uses an artificial neural network (ANN) to approximate the system and an optimization method like particle swarm optimization (PSO) to select inputs. However, with reinforcement learning developments, it is important to compare ANN-PSO to newer algorithms, like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). To investigate ANN-PSO’s and PPO’s performance and applicability, we compare their methodologies, apply them on steady-state economic optimization of a chemical process, and compare their results to a conventional first principles modeling with nonlinear programming (FP-NLP). Our results show that ANN-PSO and PPO achieve profits nearly as high as FP-NLP, but PPO achieves slightly higher profits compared to ANN-PSO. We also find PPO has the fastest computational times, 10 and 10,000 times faster than FP-NLP and ANN-PSO, respectively. However, PPO requires more training data than ANN-PSO to converge to an optimal policy. This case study suggests PPO has better performance as it achieves higher profits and faster online computational times. ANN-PSO shows better applicability with its capability to train on historical operational data and higher training efficiency.
Adolescents’ Perception of Religious Education According to Religion and Gender in Spain
Authors: Olmos-Gómez María del Carmen , López-Cordero Rafael , García-Segura Sonia , Ruiz-Garzón Francisca
Published: November 2020

The aim of our study is to verify the influence of Religious Education on Spanish adolescents by applying a quantitative study based on descriptive and social research methods which reflect the religious and social plurality of Spain, with a total of 679 secondary education students. By means of the Delphi technique, an exploratory and semi-confirmatory factor analysis, and a confirmatory analysis using structural equations, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire designed are guaranteed. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, after the Levene test, multiple comparisons are made in order to assess the difference between religions and gender with respect to school Religious Education. Significant differences and large effect sizes are found. The results show first that experiences with regard to religion in school are more positive for the group of Christian women and that of Muslim men; second, that the knowledge of religion helps in the daily development of adolescents; third, that men from the two major religious groups and Jewish women demand more autonomy; and lastly, that students consider that the curricular development of religion in school should be reviewed, although it is confirmed that Religious Education is regarded as important for their life and future development.
Sensors for Continuous Monitoring of Surgeon’s Cognitive Workload in the Cardiac Operating Room
Authors: Kennedy-Metz Lauren R. , Dias Roger D. , Srey Rithy , Rance Geoffrey C. , Furlanello Cesare , Zenati Marco A.
Published: November 2020

Monitoring healthcare providers’ cognitive workload during surgical procedures can provide insight into the dynamic changes of mental states that may affect patient clinical outcomes. The role of cognitive factors influencing both technical and non-technical skill are increasingly being recognized, especially as the opportunities to unobtrusively collect accurate and sensitive data are improving. Applying sensors to capture these data in a complex real-world setting such as the cardiac surgery operating room, however, is accompanied by myriad social, physical, and procedural constraints. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of overcoming logistical barriers in order to effectively collect multi-modal psychophysiological inputs via heart rate (HR) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) acquisition in the real-world setting of the operating room. The surgeon was outfitted with HR and NIRS sensors during aortic valve surgery, and validation analysis was performed to detect the influence of intra-operative events on cardiovascular and prefrontal cortex changes. Signals collected were significantly correlated and noted intra-operative events and subjective self-reports coincided with observable correlations among cardiovascular and cerebral activity across surgical phases. The primary novelty and contribution of this work is in demonstrating the feasibility of collecting continuous sensor data from a surgical team member in a real-world setting.
Detection of Microbial Nitroreductase Activity by Monitoring Exogenous Volatile Organic Compound Production Using HS-SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Thompson Ryan , Perry John D. , Stanforth Stephen P. , Dean John R.
Published: November 2020

Development of a rapid approach for universal microbial detection is required in the healthcare, food and environmental sectors to aid with medical intervention, food safety and environmental protection. This research investigates the use of enzymatic hydrolysis of a substrate by a microorganism to generate a volatile organic compound (VOC). One such enzyme activity that can be used in this context is nitroreductase as such activity is prevalent across a range of microorganisms. A study was developed to evaluate a panel of 51 microorganisms of clinical interest for their nitroreductase activity. Two enzyme substrates, nitrobenzene and 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene, were evaluated for this purpose with evolution, after incubation, of the VOCs aniline and 2-fluoroaniline, respectively. Detection of the VOCs was done using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) with obtained limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.17 and 0.03 µg/mL for aniline and 2-fluoroaniline, respectively. The results indicated that both enzyme substrates were reduced by the same 84.3% of microorganisms producing the corresponding volatile anilines which were detected using HS-SPME-GC-MS. It was found that nitroreductase activity could be detected after 6–8 h of incubation for the selected pathogenic bacteria investigated. This approach shows promise as a rapid universal microbial detection system.
Stratified Soil Sampling Improves Predictions of P Concentration in Surface Runoff and Tile Discharge
Authors: Osterholz William , King Kevin , Williams Mark , Hanrahan Brittany , Duncan Emily
Published: November 2020

Phosphorus (P) stratification in agricultural soils has been proposed to increase the risk of P loss to surface waters. Stratified soil sampling that assesses soil test P (STP) in a shallow soil horizon may improve predictions of P concentrations in surface and subsurface discharge compared to single depth agronomic soil sampling. However, the utility of stratified sampling efforts for enhancing understanding of environmental P losses remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the potential benefit of integrating stratified sampling into existing agronomic soil testing efforts for predicting P concentrations in discharge from 39 crop fields in NW Ohio, USA. Edge-of-field (EoF) dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) flow-weighted mean concentrations in surface runoff and tile drainage were positively related to soil test P (STP) measured in both the agronomic sampling depth (0–20 cm) and shallow sampling depth (0–5 cm). Tile and surface DRP and TP were more closely related to shallow depth STP than agronomic STP, as indicated by regression models with greater coefficients of determination (R2) and lesser root-mean square errors (RMSE). A multiple regression model including the agronomic STP and P stratification ratio (Pstrat) provided the best model fit for DRP in surface runoff and tile drainage and TP in tile drainage. Additionally, STP often varied significantly between soil sampling events at individual sites and these differences were only partially explained by management practices, highlighting the challenge of assessing STP at the field scale. Overall, the linkages between shallow STP and P transport persisted over time across agricultural fields and incorporating stratified soil sampling approaches showed potential for improving predictions of P concentrations in surface runoff and tile drainage.
Mixed-Alkali Effect in Borate Glasses: Thermal, Elastic, and Vibrational Properties
Authors: Kojima Seiji
Published: November 2020

When oxide glasses are modified by dissimilar alkali ions, a maximum in the electric resistivity or the expansion coefficient appears, called the mixed-alkali effect (MAE). This paper reviews the MAE on the thermal, elastic, and vibrational properties of the mixed-cesium lithium borate glasses, x{(1−y)Cs2O-yLi2O}-(1−x)B2O3. For the single-alkali borate glasses, xM2O(1−x)-B2O3 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), the glass transition temperature, Tg = 270 °C, of a borate glass monotonically increases as the alkali content x increases. However, for the mixed-cesium lithium borate glasses the Tg shows the minimum against the lithium fraction y. The dependences of the elastic properties on the lithium fraction y were discussed regarding the longitudinal modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Cauchy-type relation. The internal vibrational bands related to the boron-oxide structural groups and the splitting of a boson peak were discussed based on Raman scattering spectroscopy. The MAE on various physical properties are discussed on the basis of the changes in the coordination number of the borons and the nonbridging oxygens caused by the dissimilar alkali ions.
Colonialism and Toponyms in Singapore
Authors: Yom Samantha JingYi , Cavallaro Francesco
Published: November 2020

Place names do not simply refer to physical locations. They are linguistic symbols full of connotative meaning, carrying a range of cognitive, social, historical, cultural, and ideological significance. Naming (or renaming) has been a key aspect of the colonisation process, through which the colonisers have used language to assert their power over the colonised. Singapore has a very rich history, which includes pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods. This paper examines selected toponymic changes in Singapore that occurred against the backdrop of colonialism. Given Singapore’s colonial past, as well as its multilingual and multicultural context, the paper aims to provide a thorough and insightful documentation of selected toponymic changes, while uncovering the underlying reasons that motivated them. Four place names (as they are currently known) are investigated in this paper: Jalan Besar, Havelock Road, Middle Road, and the Padang. An analysis of historical data revealed that toponymic changes associated with these places during colonial rule mostly reflected the asymmetrical power relationship between the colonisers and the colonised. The paper also highlights the historical processes in which naming deviated from such expectations.
Virus-like Particle Vaccines: A Prospective Panacea Against an Avian Influenza Panzootic
Authors: Ninyio Nathaniel Nyakaat , Ho Kok Lian , Omar Abdul Rahman , Tan Wen Siang , Iqbal Munir , Mariatulqabtiah Abdul Razak
Published: November 2020

Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack of broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines present imminent threats of a global panzootic. To prevent this, control measures that include effective AIV surveillance programmes, treatment regimens, and universal vaccines are being developed and analysed for their effectiveness. We reviewed the epidemiology of AIVs with regards to past avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in birds. The AIV surveillance programmes in wild and domestic birds, as well as their roles in AI control were also evaluated. We discussed the limitations of the currently used AI vaccines, which necessitated the development of a universal vaccine. We evaluated the current development of AI vaccines based upon virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those displaying the matrix-2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide. Finally, we highlighted the prospects of these VLP vaccines as universal vaccines with the potential of preventing an AI panzootic.
Strategies to Improve Coverage of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) Immunization Campaign in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Farah Naz , Batool Rabab , Qureshi Sonia , Ali Miqdad , Sadaf Tahira , Mehmood Junaid , Iqbal Khalid , Sultan Akram , Duff Noah , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir
Published: November 2020

The emergence and spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid in Karachi, Pakistan led to an outbreak response in Lyari Town, Karachi utilizing a mass immunization campaign with typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Typbar TCV®. The mass immunization campaign, targeted Lyari Town, Karachi, one of the worst affected towns during the XDR typhoid outbreak. Here we describe the strategies used to improve acceptance and coverage of Typbar TCV in Lyari Town, Karachi. The mass immunization campaign with Typbar TCV was started as a school- and hospital-based vaccination campaign targeting children between the age of 6 months to 15 years old. A dose of 0.5 mL Typbar TCV was administered intramuscularly. A mobile vaccination campaign was added to cope with high absenteeism and non-response from parents in schools and to cover children out of school. Different strategies were found to be effective in increasing the vaccination coverage and in tackling vaccine hesitancy. Community engagement was the most successful strategy to overcome refusals and helped to gain trust in the newly introduced vaccine. Community announcements and playing typhoid jingles helped to increase awareness regarding the ongoing typhoid outbreak. Mop-up activity in schools was helpful in increasing coverage. Networking with locally active groups, clubs and community workers were found to be the key factors in decreasing refusals.
Modelo de supervisión educativa para dinamizar instituciones educativas hacia una educación de calidad
Authors: Olivo-Franco José Luis
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo desarrolló un análisis sobre la representación y formas de concebir el rol de los supervisores educativos por parte de los docentes del municipio de Malambo (Colombia), así como una consideración teórica sobre los replanteamientos que demanda la labor del supervisor educativo, a fin de que sea posible responder a los desafíos inherentes a las metas de una educación de calidad planteadas por la UNESCO, la OEI (Organización De Los Estados Iberoamericanos), y el gobierno Colombiano. Para ello, en primer lugar se describen las impresiones de un grupo de docentes de este municipio con respecto al rol que desempeñan sus respectivos supervisores educativos en el proceso de mejora educativa institucional, para finalmente promover una resignificación, como lo hacen otros autores del modelo de supervisión tradicional hacia uno que sea coherente con principios como la integralidad, que intente responder a los retos actuales en el campo educativo.
Educación emocional y su incidencia en el aprendizaje de Ciencias Naturales en niños con TDAH
Authors: Valverde Peralta Gustavo Eleodoro , Almeida Monge Elka Jennifer , Sumba Bautista Mayko Carlos , Jiménez Vilema María Gabriela
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar un análisis de la relación que existe entre la educación emocional en el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales en los alumnos con TDAH. En este estudio se evaluó el factor emocional, como el pilar esencial para un óptimo aprendizaje. Se seleccionó a una muestra específica de niños cuyo diagnóstico sea de TDAH, obteniendo una cantidad de 50, procedentes de cursos básicos de las instituciones educativas de primaria. Se aplicó el TMMS24, para medir sus emociones en relación a las calificaciones de los niños, y los registros de notas para verificar su aprendizaje en la asignatura específica. Mediante un análisis estadístico del SPSS V.25 y a través de la técnica de correlación de Pearson se encontró una relación altamente significativa entre los factores emocionales y el desarrollo del aprendizaje en la asignatura de ciencias naturales. Con estos resultados se observa que existe una respuesta emocional favorable en niños con TDAH y se concluye que el logro de aprendizaje es significativo en la asignatura de ciencias naturales.
corresponsabilidad social de los medios radiales en la educación virtual en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Medina Ayala Verónica , Peñaherrera Garzón Verónica
Published: November 2020

A nivel mundial, la educación cambió sustancialmente a raíz de la pandemia COVID-19, obligando a estudiantes y maestros a depender de la tecnología para impartir clases y continuar con el proceso enseñanza y aprendizaje, sin embargo, no todos tienen el privilegio de acceder a la educación virtual. El objetivo principal es analizar la corresponsabilidad social de los medios radiales de la ciudad de Latacunga en la educación virtual en tiempos de pandemia, el propósito es llegar a lugares donde el internet es limitado. La muestra poblacional fueron gerentes y periodistas de los medios radiales de la localidad. Ecuador como parte de la investigación descriptiva usando como técnica el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas fueron la poca responsabilidad social y corresponsabilidad de los medios de comunicación radiales, siendo que, su rol principal es educar, informar y entretener, según la Ley de Comunicación vigente en el país.
formación didáctica en educación física del docente de básica primaria en escuelas colombiana
Authors: Palacios Carlos , Perozo Ch. Sunny R.
Published: November 2020

El propósito de este trabajo fue profundizar en la necesidad de la formación didáctica en educación física de los docentes de la básica primaria en las escuelas colombianas; para lo cual se realizó una revisión teórica conceptual de los aspectos básicos del manejo de la educación física para los niños de primaria y sus beneficios a nivel de desarrollo corporal y emocional. Metodológicamente se utilizó la revisión documental basada en los niveles monográficos y hermenéuticos como técnicas para la revisión y análisis de fuentes bibliográficas. Los resultados inducen a afirmar que los docentes de la básica primaria de las escuelas colombianas no poseen la formación didáctica en educación física para desarrollar procesos de enseñanza acordes con las características de la asignatura, lo cual limita los beneficios biopsicosociales que deberían ser adquiridos durante la formación del niño en esta etapa escolar.
Ejes formativos en educación superior contribuyen al fortalecimiento del proyecto investigativo turístico del destino Sucre
Authors: Caicedo Coello Eduardo Antonio , Zambrano Molina Luis Daniel , Carvajal Zambrano Gema Viviana , Subía Veloz Roberto Carlos
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como propósito mostrar el fortalecimiento del sector turístico del destino Sucre en la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador, a través de los ejes formativos de la academia, el cual se fundamenta por la percepción y el apoyo de las instituciones de educación superior que se encuentran en el área, las cuales son base para el funcionamiento de las empresas del sector turístico: hotelería y hospitalidad, turismo, administración, contabilidad, mercadotecnia. El estudio se enmarcó en una revisión documental; para la recolección de la información se realizó un cuestionario usando la técnica de la encuesta. Mediante la discusión final se pudo determinar la importancia del desarrollo turístico sostenible para mantener los ingresos dentro de la comunidad, teniendo como punto inicial los servicios que se ofrecen, y con ello lograr que cada profesional se desarrolle y pueda mantenerse, ya que esto va mejorará las condiciones de vida de sus habitantes.
Processos de subjetivação e intersubjetivação em usos do verbo calcular no português
Authors: De Almeida Barbosa-Santos Letícia
Published: November 2020

Este artigo analisa os processos de subjetivação e intersubjetivação em usos do verbo calcular, a fim de evidenciar a sua trajetória de mudança. O verbo calcular, assim como admitir, pensar, supor e avaliar expressa processos mentais intimamente ligados à compreensão e à memória (HALLIDAY, 1985), assim como ao planejamento da comunicação, em alguns casos. Com base em Traugott e Dasher (2001), Neves (1996), Casseb-Galvão (1999; 2000), Gonçalves (2003) e Fortilli (2013), é possível perceber, juntamente com a parentetização do verbo calcular, o reforço da subjetividade e a saliência da intersubjetividade, com abstratização de significado. Para o levantamento e análise de dados, foram selecionados casos encontrados entre os séculos XVIII, XIX e XX, no Corpus do Português (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2006). Neste sentido, serão apresentados os efeitos da atuação destes dois mecanismos que proporcionam alterações semânticas no verbo em análise.
Processamento bilíngue e interferências do português (L1) na produção escrita em inglês (L2) - indícios em estudos de caso
Authors: Aride Daniele
Published: November 2020

A Psicolinguística do Bilinguismo entende o processamento bilíngue como um fenômeno predominantemente não-seletivo (COSTA, 2005; LA HEIJ, 2006; GROSJEAN, 2012; FINGER e PREUSS, 2018), pelo qual dois sistemas linguísticos são ativados em paralelo, cabendo ao falante recuperar as informações corretas em seu léxico mental. De acordo com os autores, a múltipla ativação gera competição entre os itens lexicais, permitindo interferências de uma língua na outra. Partindo dessa premissa, o presente trabalho de caráter exploratório tem como objetivo fornecer indícios que reforcem essa hipótese. Para tanto, foram examinadas produções escritas espontâneas de dois grupos de bilíngues brasileiros (português-inglês) com diferentes níveis de conhecimento do idioma-alvo (incipiente e produtivo). Após a análise e categorização dos dados, observamos que existem aspectos semânticos, sintáticos, morfológicos e ortográficos que apontam na direção da seleção competitiva, sendo igualmente possível que outros fatores, como o grau de proficiência na língua estrangeira, sejam capazes de influenciar a intensidade da ativação.
Argumentação na língua e blocos semânticos: relações de sentido em postagem do Facebook
Authors: De Freitas Ernani , Demetrio da Silva Scariot Viviane
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta a sistematização e aplicação de alguns conceitos da Teoria da Argumentação da Língua (TAL), no que se refere ao terceiro momento da teoria: os Blocos Semânticos. O corpus do trabalho é uma publicação chamada: “O que faz um professor?” (2018), veiculado na Internet. O objetivo geral visa descrever e analisar a construção de sentidos dos enunciados presentes numa postagem do Facebook, a partir das relações argumentativas estabelecidas. O suporte teórico apresenta as contribuições referentes à Teoria da Argumentação da Língua e a Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS), desenvolvida por Ducrot (1988, 2002) e Carel (2005). A pesquisa realiza-se de maneira descritiva e bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa. O estudo justifica-se pelo fato da teoria  considerar o conjunto do enunciado e não sua individualidade  possibilitando que o sentido seja construído no próprio discurso e não de forma extralinguística.
Política linguística voltada para surdos no Brasil
Authors: Dos Reis Ribeiro Gilmara , Bertonha Giovanna , Nagaoka de Castro Juliana
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho objetiva verificar como os domínios familiar e escolar aparecem em políticas linguísticas que visam à inclusão de surdos na sociedade. Para isso, por meio de análise do referencial teórico e documental selecionado e à luz das perguntas de pesquisa 1) O que são políticas linguísticas e como elas se desenvolveram ao longo dos anos até a contemporaneidade? 2) Como o domínio familiar é contemplado nas políticas linguísticas voltadas para os surdos? 3) Qual o caráter discursivo e prático das políticas linguísticas voltadas à educação bilíngue de surdos?, procuramos conceituar as políticas enquanto gerenciamento linguístico, aplicando tal concepção às medidas estabelecidas para a manutenção e preservação da língua de sinais e para o reconhecimento da pessoa surda. Além disso, buscamos apresentar um olhar mais detalhado para dois aspectos que devem ser contemplados nestes postulados: a consideração da família e da educação como domínios-chave para o sucesso na (re)formulação e implementação dessas políticas na sociedade, pensando a aplicação deste aporte teórico e documental ao contexto brasileiro. Como resultado da análise bibliográfica, entendemos que as políticas linguísticas, para serem efetivas, precisam ser indissociáveis do reconhecimento dos direitos da pessoa surda à língua, à identidade e à cultura, único fator que pode possibilitar mais esforços práticos no sentido de, tanto no âmbito familiar quanto no escolar, garantir aos indivíduos surdos uma vida digna e um sentimento de pertencimento à sociedade brasileira.
Estudos linguísticos que se inscrevem dialogicamente: reacentuando Bakhtin e o Círculo
Authors: Kleber Fernandes de Santana Wilder
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho se propôs a tecer discussões teórico-analíticas sobre uma linguística que se instaura dialogicamente, em que a linguagem é delineada tanto a partir dos mecanismos linguísticos estruturais quanto por meio de discursos que se circunscrevem no social. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos de Bakhtin (1993 [1920-1924]), 2006 [1979]), Volochínov (2017 [1929]) e Medviédev (2016 [1928]), na medida em que se articulam as principais produções presentes em seus escritos sobre dialogismo, língua e discurso. Nesse sentido, tivemos que 2) tecer considerações sobre uma linguística que se inscreve dialogicamente nos domínios da linguagem e 3) analisar um enunciado bíblico neotestamentário sob os pilares da arquitetônica discursiva bakhtiniana.
Fatores de risco e de proteção no desempenho escolar
Authors: Simone Cerqueira da Silva  , Juliane Obando  , Andressa Maceno
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta fatores de risco e de proteção presentes no desenvolvimento infantil, familiar e escolar de uma criança com baixo desempenho escolar. Participaram do estudo uma criança de oito anos, sua mãe e sua professora. Para a avaliação do desenvolvimento da criança, da família e da escola, foram utilizadas medidas de autorrelato, estratégias lúdicas, testes psicológicos e entrevistas. A criança apresentou boas condições emocionais e cognitivas, mas seu desenvolvimento psicomotor indicou fragilidades. No desenvolvimento familiar, foram identificadas práticas parentais de punição inconsistente e monitoria negativa. No contexto escolar, há valores condizentes com um espaço de promoção do desenvolvimento infantil, mas as práticas pedagógicas se mostram insuficientes para otimizar a aprendizagem da criança.
Clima de escola e envolvimento de estudantes do 3º ciclo do ensino básico
Authors: Melo Madalena , Guerra Cláudia
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivos: a tradução e adaptação de um questionário de clima de escola para estudantes portugueses (Delaware School Climate Survey–Student - DSCS-S); compreender as relações entre clima de escola e envolvimento dos alunos na escola e o seu sucesso escolar anterior. Foi também aplicada a Escala Quadridimensional de Envolvimento dos Estudantes (EAE-E4D) a 442 estudantes de escolas básicas de Évora, Portugal.
Os resultados demonstram a importância das relações professor/a – aluno/a na forma como o clima de escola se relaciona com percursos escolares bem-sucedidos. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas no envolvimento afetivo e comportamental entre alunos com e sem sucesso escolar. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva e moderada entre o clima de escola e o envolvimento na escola.
Competência emocional como recurso para o envolvimento de adolescentes na escola
Authors: Sampaio Joana , Oliveira Íris , Araújo Alexandra
Published: November 2020

A competência emocional, um indicador de desenvolvimento positivo na adolescência, constitui um fator explicativo do sucesso académico. Contudo, importa ainda investigar relações entre a competência emocional e variáveis processuais do sucesso académico, incluindo o envolvimento na escola. Este estudo analisa se a competência emocional constitui um recurso pessoal para o envolvimento na escola na adolescência, controlados efeitos do sexo e ano escolar. O Questionário de Competência Emocional e a Escala Quadridimensional de Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola foram respondidos por 303 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (Midade = 16.36), que frequentavam o ensino secundário. Resultados da regressão linear hierárquica múltipla sugerem que a competência emocional explica 34% da variância do envolvimento na escola. Discutem-se implicações para investigação e intervenção psicológica.
A funds of knowledge approach to promoting school engagement
Authors: Waddington Julie , Siqués Carina , Carolà Vilà Maria , Jimenez Moreno Maria Nieves
Published: November 2020

Research shows that the exclusion of families’ funds of knowledge (FoK) from the curriculum contributes to low levels of school engagement. This study is part of an ongoing research project aiming to promote school engagement among students from immigrant backgrounds through the strategic use of FoK. We provide an overview of the project design and explain how it has been implemented in the specific context of early childhood education in a school in Catalonia. A qualitative approach is used to assess the effect of the process from the teacher perspective, contrasting positive aspects with some of the difficulties experienced. We conclude that including families’ FoK in pedagogical practice can contribute towards improving student engagement and fostering more inclusive educational environments.
Modelagem Multinomial Aplicada à Pesquisa em Psicologia
Authors: Gomes Carlos , Grüdtner Buratto Luciano
Published: November 2020

Teorias sobre fenômenos psicológicos frequentemente fazem referência a processos que não são diretamente observáveis (processos latentes). Tradicionalmente, no entanto, a investigação desses fenômenos é feita de forma indireta aos processos latentes. O objetivo deste artigo é introduzir os conceitos fundamentais de modelagem multinomial. Aqui mostramos como modelos de processos latentes são derivados de modelos puramente descritivos através da redução do espaço de parâmetros motivada por uma ou mais teorias psicológicas. Os resultados são os modelos multinomiais que fornecem medidas simples de processos psicológicos (probabilidades) e que podem ser quantitativamente testados com dados reais. O uso de modelagem multinomial permite a análise direta dos efeitos de variáveis independentes nos próprios processos latentes que controlam o desempenho em uma ou mais tarefas experimentais, assim, facilitando o teste de predições e explicações teóricas sobre fenômenos psicológicos
Looming cue sounds
Authors: Bianco Rodrigues Isabela , Rossini Joaquim Carlos
Published: November 2020

Studies suggest a prioritization in the neural processing of looming sounds. A little explored issue is the relationship between this perceptual bias and the orienting and alerting auditory attention networks. The present study investigated the effect of a warning sound on the speed of response to a subsequent target sound (Experiment 1) and a possible influence of this type of cue sound on the auditory orientation of attention (Experiment 2). The results of the two experiments suggest a significant reduction in the reaction time for a subsequent target sound due to the previous presentation (500 ms) of a looming warning sound. There was no significant effect of the cue sound on auditory attention orientation.
Como mulheres avaliam expressões faciais de alegria e dor?
Authors: Fernandes Ana Mércia , Ciampi de Andrade Daniel , Lopez Luiz Carlos Serramo , Gawryszewski Luiz de Gonzaga , Torro Nelson
Published: November 2020

A expressão facial de dor pode provocar diferentes reações comportamentais. Todavia, ainda não está claro se a face de dor evoca respostas motoras mais lentas ou mais rápidas, quando comparada à expressão com valência positiva, e sua interação com o sexo da pessoa que demonstra a expressão facial. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o padrão de resposta motora de mulheres em uma tarefa de reconhecimento de expressões faciais de alegria e dor em faces femininas e masculinas. Na tarefa experimental, 32 estudantes classificaram emoções faciais dinâmicas de homens e mulheres entre as opções de alegria e dor, sendo registradas as respostas de tempo de reação manual (TRM). A ANOVA indicou uma diferença entre faces masculinas e femininas apenas para a identificação da dor (p = 0,001), mas não da alegria (p = 0,064). Neste caso, a dor foi reconhecida mais rapidamente na face masculina (TRM = 625,1 ms) que na face feminina (TRM = 668,0 ms). Considera-se que este padrão de resposta motora pode estar relacionado à detecção de situações potencialmente ameaçadoras no ambiente, com possibilidade de ser estudado em pessoas com dor crônica.