GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN IDIOMS, PROVERBS AND SAYINGS: TRANSLATION ASPECT
Authors: Pokulevska A. I. ,   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Shyshov D. V. ,   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
Published: July 2024

Objective. The objective of the article is to investigate how such language genres as "sententia", "catchphrases", "maxim", "aphorism", "epigram", "slogan", "anti-proverb" differ using examples from German and Ukrainian. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using a complex of general scientific and special research methods, namely: descriptive (to explain the concepts of phraseology and various phraseological units), linguistic-cultural and comparative methods (to identify and classify proverbs, sayings and idioms according to their semantic characteristics), comparative analysis (when working with proverbs, sayings and idioms in German and Ukrainian languages). Results. Proverbs, sayings, as well as religion and mass media have a great influence on the formation of public opinions and, above all, stereotypes. In the process of translating a literary text with these phraseological units, the problem is to choose a proverb or a saying in another language that would most accurately convey not only the meaning, but also the emotional colouring, stylistic and national-ethnic components. Another problem that arises in the process of translating proverbs and sayings, various idioms is that it is not individual words that should be translated, but the whole meaning. In the work, an attempt is made to give definitions and conceptual explanations of various language genres, which are often confused, such as "sententia", "catchphrases", "maxim", "aphorism", "epigram", "slogan", "anti-proverb" using examples from the German and Ukrainian languages. In some cases, it is possible to find full or partial equivalents, but most often the authors apply descriptive translation with explanations. This is explained primarily by the fact that the difference between idioms, sayings and proverbs is especially noticeable in their structure. Proverbs refer to complete statements and constitute fixed mini-texts. And only thanks to this property they can be cited. In contrast, proverbs and idioms have an open structure. They must be used in context. Like proverbs, they cannot be directly quoted, but must be reproduced. References Aforyzmy [Aphorisms]. Available at: http://aphorism.org.ua/ Busel, V. T. Ed. (2005). Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy [A large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language]. Kyiv; Irpin, Perun , 1728 p. Vyslovy [Expressions]. Available at: https://vislovi.in.ua/prykazky-ta-prysliv-ya-pro- dushu/ (in Ukranian) Danylenko, L. I. (2011) Antypryslivia: staryi sklad na novyi lad [Anti-proverb: an old phrase in a new way]. Komparatyvni doslidzhennia slovianskykh mov i literatur [Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures], no 15, pp. 41–46. Zhuravel, (2015). Istoriia i stan doslidzhennia anhliiskoi ta ukrainskoi frazeolohii [The history and state of the study of English and Ukrainian phraseology]. Humanity, computers and communication (HCC 2015). Lviv, Ukraine, pp. 170–172. Yermolenko, S. Ya. Ed. (2001). Korotkyi tlumachnyi slovnyk linhvistychnykh terminiv [A brief explanatory dictionary of linguistic terms]. Kyib, Lybid Publ., 223 p. Norman, Yu. (2007). Slavianskie paremii: arhaika i novatsii, mudrost’ i alogizm. [Slavic Paremias: Archaism and Innovations, Wisdom and Alogism]. Opera Slavica. Slavistické rozhledy. R. XVII, no. 2, pp.1–12. Pryslivia [Proverb]. Vikipediia. Available at: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%27%D1%8F (in Ukranian) Franko, (1956) Tvory v 20 t. T. 6. Opovidannia [Works in 20 volumes. T. 6. Stories]. 226 p. Academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Available at: https://de-academic.com/ Deutsche Deutsch lernen. Available at: https://learngerman.dw.com/de/der-elfenbeinturm/a-19056449 Duden (2002). Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der Idiomatik. Band 11, Mannheim; Leipzig; Wien; Zürich, Dudenverlag Publ., 955 S. Slogans.de. Available at: https://www.slogans.de/slogans.php?BSelect%5B%5D=166 Wortwuchs. Epigramm. Available at: https://wortwuchs.net/epigramm/#:~:text=Sohn%20der%20Meeres%2DG%C3%B6ttin%2C%20du,und%20verdeutlich%20das%20grunds%C3%A4tzliche%20Prinzip. Zitate 7. Available at: https://www.zitate7.de/