bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree diversity and carbon storage cobenefits in tropical human‐dominated landscapes
Authors: Osuri Anand M. , Machado Siddarth , Ratnam Jayashree , Sankaran Mahesh , Ayyappan N. , Muthuramkumar S. , Parthasarathy N. , Pélissier Raphaël , Ramesh B. R. , DeFries Ruth , Naeem Shahid
Published: January 2020

A lack of spatial congruence between carbon storage and biodiversity in intact forests suggests limited cobenefits of carbon‐focused policies for conserving tropical biodiversity. However, whether the same applies in tropical human‐dominated landscapes (HDLs) is unclear. In India's Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, we found that while HDL forests harbor lower tree diversity and aboveground carbon stocks than relatively intact forests, positive diversity–carbon correlations are more prevalent in HDLs. This is because anthropogenic drivers of species loss in HDLs consistently reduce carbon storing biomass volume (lower basal area), and biomass per unit volume (fewer hardwood trees). We further show, using a meta‐analysis spanning multiple regions, that these patterns apply to tropical HDLs more generally. Thus, while complementary strategies are needed for securing the irreplaceable biodiversity and carbon values of intact forests, ubiquitous tropical HDLs might hold greater potential for synergizing biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.
Twelve‐year trends in pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes among patients with heart failure in the United States
Authors: Dawwas Ghadeer K. , Leonard Charles E. , Garg Mahek , Vouri Scott M. , Smith Steven M. , Flory James H. , Genuardi Michael V. , Park Haesuk
Published: January 2020

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis using a database from commercial health plans in the United States to describe trends in the use of antidiabetic medications among patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure (HF) from 2006 through 2017. We used loop diuretic dose as a surrogate for HF severity (mild HF 0‐40 mg/day, moderate‐severe HF >40 mg/day). We assessed antidiabetic medication dispensing in the 90 days following HF diagnosis. Over the 12‐year period, we identified an increase in the use of metformin (39.2% vs. 62.6%), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i) (0.5% vs. 17.1%) and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) (0.0% vs. 9.0%), but a decrease in the use of sulphonylureas (47.8% vs. 27.8%) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (31.7% vs. 5.3%). In 2017, patients with moderate‐severe HF more commonly used insulin (43.1%); a majority of mild HF patients used metformin (62.8%). A proportion of patients with moderate‐severe HF used TZDs (4.4%). Among patients with diabetes and HF, the use of metformin and DPP‐4i rapidly increased, but a proportion of patients with moderate‐severe HF continued to use TZDs. Despite their promising cardiovascular safety profile, SGLT‐2i use remains limited.
Exenatide once weekly slows gastric emptying of solids and liquids in healthy, overweight people at steady‐state concentrations
Authors: Jones Karen L. , Huynh Lian Q. , Hatzinikolas Seva , Rigda Rachael S. , Phillips Liza K. , Pham Hung T. , Marathe Chinmay S. , Wu Tongzhi , Malbert Charles H. , Stevens Julie E. , Lange Kylie , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael
Published: January 2020

Aims

To evaluate the effects of 8 weeks’ administration of exenatide (EXE) once weekly on gastric emptying of solids and liquids (using the “gold standard” technique, scintigraphy), glucose absorption and postprandial glycaemia in healthy people.

Material and methods

A total of 32 healthy participants were randomized to receive either EXE once weekly (2 mg/wk subcutaneously; six men, 10 women, mean age 59.9 ± 0.9 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 29.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2) or matching placebo (PBO; six men, 10 women, mean age 60.6 ± 1.2 years, mean BMI 29.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2) for 8 weeks. Gastric emptying, nausea (visual analogue scale), and plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon were measured for 120 min after a solid/liquid meal, comprising 100 g ground beef (radiolabelled with 20 MBq 99mTc‐sulphur colloid) and 150 mL 10% glucose (radiolabelled with 7 MBq 67Ga‐EDTA), and containing 5 g 3‐O‐methyl‐glucose (3‐OMG) as a marker of glucose absorption, at baseline and after 8 weeks’ treatment.

Results

The study treatments were well tolerated. Scores for nausea were consistently low, with no difference between the EXE once weekly and PBO groups. EXE once weekly slowed gastric emptying of solids (area under the curve [AUC]0–120min: P < 0.05) and liquids (AUC0–120min: P = 0.01) substantially, and attenuated glucose absorption (3‐OMG incremental AUC [iAUC]0–30min: P = 0.001) and the postprandial rise in plasma glucose (iAUC0–30min: P = 0.008). Plasma glucagon at 2 h was reduced by EXE once weekly (P = 0.001). The magnitude of the reduction in plasma glucose at t = 30 min from baseline to 8 weeks with EXE once weekly was related inversely to the 50% emptying time of the glucose drink (r = −0.55, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

In healthy participants, 8 weeks’ administration of the “long‐acting” glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist EXE, slowed gastric emptying of solids and liquids substantially, with consequent reductions in glucose absorption and postprandial glycaemia.
The role of national settings in the economic resilience of regions—Evidence from recessionary shocks in Europe from 1990 to 2014
Authors: Hundt Christian , Holtermann Linus
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the particular role of the national setting for the economic resilience of regions during the resistance and recovery phase. Our empirical set‐up introduces a spatial hierarchy of 249 NUTS‐2 regions nested in 22 European countries while it includes numerous recessionary shocks from 1990 to 2014. Our results suggest that the impact of the national setting is strongest during the resistance phase when the national level accounts for up to 44.9% of the variance in regional GDP development. During recovery, however, the national share decreases but still amounts to no less than 22.0%. Apart from the direct effects that originate from, for example, regulatory density and fiscal policy measures, the national impact takes the form of cross‐level moderation effects. These indirect effects indicate that the regional patterns of resilience are additionally shaped by the inter‐linkages of country‐specific institutional factors and regional determinants. Taking all this into account, regional economic resilience is anything but just a matter of regional capacities.
Coupling osmotic dehydration with heat treatment for green papaya impregnated with blackberry juice solution
Authors: Jiménez Nadiarid , Bassama Joseph , Soto Marvin , Dornier Manuel , Pérez Ana Mercedes , Vaillant Fabrice , Bohuon Philippe
Published: January 2020

Slices (1.5 mm thick) of green papaya were impregnated through osmotic dehydration with a blackberry juice–sucrose solution to produce an intermediate moisture product. The effect of processing temperature (T) and sucrose‐added molality (msucrose) on mass transfer during the operation was assessed, using a response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM was used to model water loss, sugar and anthocyanin gain during the process. Increasing sucrose molality resulted in increasing water loss and sugar gain, but decreasing anthocyanin gain. Water transfer therefore limits anthocyanin impregnation, but not sucrose incorporation. Afterwards, the impact of heat treatment at high temperatures was analysed, using numerical simulation. The conditions of the combined process, designed to achieve an anthocyanin‐rich final product, are low sucrose‐added molalities (sucrose molality < 1 mol kg–1) and high processing temperatures (T > 50 ºC) for osmotic dehydration, coupled with high‐temperature, short‐time (HTST) heat treatments for product stabilisation.
A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial of pain and discomfort during maxillary expansion: Leaf expander versus hyrax expander
Authors: Ugolini Alessandro , Cossellu Gianguido , Farronato Marco , Silvestrini‐Biavati Armando , Lanteri Valentina
Published: January 2020

Background

Pain suffered by the young patient is the most frequent symptom during orthodontic treatment and is the one that most frightens children and causes worry in their families.

Aim

To investigate pain perception and function impairment during the first week of activation of two palatal expansion screws.

Design

A total of 101 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: RME group included patients treated with the standard hyrax expansion screw and LEAF group included patients treated with Leaf Expander appliance. Pain intensity was assessed via the Wong‐Baker scale. A questionnaire on oral function impairments was also compiled by the patients.

Results

The Pain Scale analysis showed that patients in the RME group suffered from a significantly higher level of pain than those in the LEAF group (88.6% vs 25%, P < .01). RME group showed highest pain indexes from day 1 to day 4 (51.4% RME vs 9.7% LEAF suffered at least once from strong pain in the first 4 days, P < .01). Furthermore, oral functions were similarly affected in both groups.

Conclusions

Pain reported during maxillary arch expansion is influenced by clinical activation protocol and by the screw type. Patients treated with Leaf Expander reported significantly lower pain level in the first 7 days of treatment.
Scheduling the vehicles of bus rapid transit systems: a case study
Authors: Sevim İsmail , Tekiner‐Moğulkoç Hatice , Güler Mehmet Güray
Published: January 2020

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a cost‐efficient, traffic‐free bus‐based transportation system competing with subways. There are 205 municipalities around the world that implemented their own BRT systems. Istanbul, having the sixth‐most congested traffic in the world, built its own BRT system (Metrobüs), which serves more than 830,000 people (6.45% of all public transportation usage) in a day with 6254 trips covered by its current fleet of 496 vehicles. In this study, we model the vehicle scheduling problem of Metrobüs as a multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. The model aims to minimize the fleet size and total deadhead kilometers while covering all timetabled trips. We propose a new heuristic, trips merger (TM), to solve the model and show that there exists cost reduction opportunities in terms of both fleet size and deadhead kilometers. The proposed heuristic is a member of the state‐space reduction heuristics family, which first reduces the problem size, then solves the reduced problem. Computational study reveals that TM performed better than the existing state‐space reduction heuristics for the Metrobüs case.
The contractor time–cost–credit trade‐off problem: integer programming model, heuristic solution, and business insights
Authors: Al‐Shihabi Sameh , AlDurgam Mohammad M.
Published: January 2020

Contractors in the construction sector face several trade‐offs between time and cost. The time–cost trade‐off (TCT) is one of these trade‐offs where contractors can reduce a project completion time by assigning more resources to activities, which means spending more money, to shorten the execution times of project activities. On the other hand, contractors who finance their projects through credit lines from banks such that if they reach their credit limits, then the start times of some project activities can be delayed until cash is available again, which might lead to an increase in the project execution time; thus, contractors need to consider the time–credit trade‐off. In this work, we simultaneously consider these two trade‐offs that affect the project completion time and use mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to model the contractor time–cost–credit trade‐off (TCCT) problem. The MILP model minimizes the project execution time given the contractor's budgetary and financial constraints. In addition to the MILP model, we also develop a heuristic solution algorithm to solve the problem. Through a set of benchmark instances, we study the effectiveness of the heuristic algorithm and the computation time of the exact model. It is found that a good upper bound for the MILP results in less computation time. We also study some practical aspects of the problem where we highlight the importance of expediting contractor payments in addition to selecting a financially stable contractor. Finally, we use our MILP model to help a contractor bid for a project.
An arc flow formulation to the multitrip production, inventory, distribution, and routing problem with time windows
Authors: Ramos Bruna , Alves Cláudio , Valério de Carvalho José
Published: January 2020

The multitrip production, inventory, distribution, and routing problem with time windows (MPIDRPTW) is an integrated problem that combines a production and distribution problem, a multitrip vehicle routing problem, and an inventory routing problem. In the MPIDRPTW, a set of customers, which have a time‐varying demand during a finite planning horizon, is served by a single production facility. The distribution is accomplished by a fleet of homogeneous vehicles that deliver the customer orders within their specific time windows. Production management has to be done according to the inventories at the facility and at the customers. An exact arc flow model based on a graph is proposed to solve the MPIDRPTW, where the nodes represent instants of time. The main goal of the problem is to minimize the costs associated with the entire system. The proposed approach was implemented and a set of experimental tests were conducted based on a set of adapted instances from the literature.
A novel efficient RhB absorbent of Mo2N/MoO2 composite nanofibers for wastewater treatment
Authors: Cheng Jing , Xing Yan , Wang Ziyuan , Zhao Xiaohui , Zhong XiQiang , Pan Wei
Published: January 2020

Mo2N/MoO2 composite nanofibers have been prepared via an electrospinning and controlled nitridation process. The composite nanofibers exhibit a highly efficient Rhodamine B (RhB) absorption behavior with a rate constant of 0.153 g min−1 mg−1, which is about 20 times of the commercial‐activated carbon material. Furthermore, the nanofibers show stable absorption activity after recycled by an environmental friendly procedure for four times. The excellent absorption performance of Mo2N/MoO2 composite nanofibers demonstrates a promising application of Mo2N‐related materials as an absorbent for wastewater treatment.
Molecular Phylogeny of Polychaos annulatum (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Euamoebida) Shows that Genus Polychaos Belongs to the Family Hartmannellidae
Authors: Kamyshatskaya Oksana G. , Bondarenko Natalya I. , Mesentsev Yelisei S. , Chistyakova Ludmila V. , Nassonova Elena S. , Smirnov Alexey V.
Published: January 2020

We have obtained a sequence of the 18S rRNA gene of the species Polychaos annulatum (Penard 1902) Smirnov et Goodkov 1998 using the isolation of a single nucleus from an amoeba cell. Attempts to amplify the 18S rRNA gene from the DNA of this species by conventional PCR were not successful, so we applied the whole genome amplification of the nuclear DNA followed by NGS sequencing. The 18S rRNA gene was found among the resulting contigs. The analysis unexpectedly shows that P. annulatum robustly groups within the family Hartmannellidae, but not Amoebidae. This finding warrants revision of the basic morphological criteria used to classify Euamoebida families and show that “proteus‐type” amoebae may belong to other families rather than Amoebidae. This makes taxonomic assignments of such species more complex and the borders between Euamoebida families more nuanced. It is getting evident that molecular data are necessary to clarify the position of species even in this most “classical” order of naked lobose amoebae.
Spanning Borders, Cultures, and Generations: A Decade of Research on Immigrant Families
Authors: Van Hook Jennifer , Glick Jennifer E.
Published: January 2020

The authors review research conducted during the past decade on immigrant families, focusing primarily on the United States and the sending countries with close connections to the United States. They note several major advances. First, researchers have focused extensively on immigrant families that are physically separated but socially and economically linked across origin and destination communities and explored what these family arrangements mean for family structure and functions. Second, family scholars have explored how contexts of reception shape families and family relationships. Of special note is research that documented the experiences and risks associated with undocumented legal status for parents and children. Third, family researchers have explored how the acculturation and enculturation process operates as families settle in the destination setting and raise the next generation. Looking forward, they identify several possible directions for future research to better understand how immigrant families have responded to a changing world in which nations and economies are increasingly interconnected and diverse, populations are aging, and family roles are in flux and where these changes are often met with fear and resistance in immigrant‐receiving destinations.
Comparing Augmentative Plating and Exchange Nailing for the Treatment of Nonunion of Femoral Shaft Fracture after Intramedullary Nailing: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Yao‐feng , Xu Hai‐chao , Shen Zhong‐hai , Pan Xue‐kang , Xie Hui
Published: January 2020

Objective

The aim of this meta‐analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of augmentative plating (AP) and exchange nailing (EN) in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture.

Methods

For the present meta‐analysis, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant articles up to April 2019. Two investigators independently evaluated the quality of original publications following the guidelines proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. Data were extracted from the studies and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.

Results

Five studies were included in this meta‐analysis, with a total of 506 patients. There were 232 patients in the AP group and 276 patients in the EN group. The AP group was associated with higher union rate (OR, 11.66; 95% CI, 4.31–31.50; P < 0.01), shorter union time (SMD, −1.10; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.11; P = 0.03), shorter operation time (SMD, −0.55; 95% CI, −0.88 to −0.21; P < 0.01), less blood loss (SMD, −1.72; 95% CI, −3.33 to −0.11; P < 0.01), and fewer complications (OR, −0.11; 95% CI, −0.16 to −0.07; P < 0.01) than the EN group.

Conclusion

The results of the meta‐analysis showed that AP is found to be superior for nonunion of femoral shaft fractures in both intraoperatively (ie, shorter operation time and less blood loss) and postoperatively (ie, higher union rate, shorter union time, and lower complication rate). Overall, AP was superior to EN in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fractures after intramedullary nailing (IMN).
Personal Identity and National Identity: An Analogy
Authors: Chenavier Robert
Published: January 2020

Simone Weil writes in one of her notebooks: “When one arrives at the absolute one can only express oneself by identities … – For identity alone expresses the unconditioned” (Cahiers, in Œuvres complètes, t. VI, vol. 4 (Paris: Gallimard, 2006), 113). Thus, it is that “the good is the good”, one and the same, unconditionally. Certainly, an individual is unique, a nation is equally so. Nevertheless, personal identity – or “character” – and the identity of a nation are not absolutes. When we wish to treat them as absolutes, we ignore the fact that the “person,” as well as the “nation”, only exists within relationships that they are subject to exterior circumstances and that their identity is situated in time. Is one correct to suppose that the character of an individual or the identity of the nation are “invariables that one continues to find throughout various manifestations”, (“Notes sur le caractère”, Écrits de Marseille, in Œuvres complètes, Op. cit., t. IV, vol. 1 (2008), 87) observed or probable? We hypothesize here that one can apply to national identity what Simone Weil wrote about the notion of character, in notes composed in Marseille and in her commentary on the Our Father (“À propos du Pater”, ibid., 337‐345).
How does violence affect exporters? Evidence from political strikes in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Reshad N. , Iqbal Kazi
Published: January 2020

Using novel daily data, we examine the impact of political violence on firm‐level export activity. Our data cover the universe of political strikes and export transactions in Bangladesh during 2010–2013 and allow us to examine the effects of these strikes at a highly granular level. We first show that multiday political strikes lower the likelihood that a firm will export by 6.30 percentage points. We then examine whether these disruptions result in adverse effects on export prices. Given that this violence creates greater risk of missed shipments, importers may respond by demanding lower prices as compensation. We provide the first evidence of such adverse price effects of political violence. Our results suggest that during July to December, 2013, when there was a multiday political strike every 5 days, the prices of time‐sensitive Bangladeshi products declined by 1.59%.
Consociation in the Present
Authors: O’Leary Brendan
Published: January 2020

Consociation, one type of power‐sharing, is perhaps the least appreciated. This article reviews and replies to a collection celebrating Arend Lijphart’s pioneering article on consociational democracy published in 1969. The consociational perspective retains its interpretive power, including in the examination of major polities, such as the European Union, the Indian Union, and the USA. In the classical cases, consociational persistence in Belgium and Switzerland contrasts with decay or dissolution in Austria and the Netherlands. Whether the Good Friday Agreement over Northern Ireland demonstrates that consociation rewards ethnic extremism remains unproven. Far from being an exhausted research program, the consociational theme remains vibrant within comparative political analysis, and in the repertoire for managing deeply divided places. No one has ever claimed that consociation is a panacea for national, ethnic, religious or linguistic conflict. Yet the principles of parity, proportionality, autonomy, and minority veto‐rights remain cogent in analysis and political prescription.
Reuse of voucher specimens provides insights into the genomic associations and taxonomic value of wing colour and genitalic differences in a pest group (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Choristoneura)
Authors: French Rowan L. K. , Lebunasin Pasan N. A. , Brunet Bryan M. T. , Lumley Lisa M. , Cusson Michel , Levesque Roger C. , Sperling Felix A. H.
Published: January 2020

Subtle morphological differences can be essential to diagnosing closely related species, and an understanding of the genetic basis of these characters can contribute to understanding their divergences. We used voucher specimens from previous genetic analyses of population structure to subsequently analyse genome‐wide associations linking morphology to genetic variation in spruce budworms, a group of economically important and morphologically similar forest pests. In particular, we assessed the taxonomic value and genetic architecture of two morphological traits (wing pattern and genitalic spicule abundance) that have been reported to differ among spruce budworm species. Our results suggest that phallic spicule number has greater taxonomic utility than wing pattern for distinguishing Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) from Choristoneura occidentalis occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura occidentalis biennis Freeman. However, there was considerable overlap among taxa for all phenotypic characters analysed. In a genome‐wide association study, wing pattern variation was significantly associated with four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, including two adjacent SNPs. One SNP was flanked by sequence resembling RNA‐directed DNA polymerase from mobile element jockey‐like. This locus is a promising candidate for the study of wing pattern development in spruce budworms, as jockey‐like transposable elements and polymerases have documented roles in wing spot production in other Lepidoptera. Our study links classical taxonomic characters and genomic data to provide insights into the potential genetic architecture of species differences. It also demonstrates previously untapped morphological and taxonomic value in voucher specimens from earlier molecular genetic analyses.
Pre‐hospital transfusion of red blood cells. Part 2: A systematic review of treatment effects on outcomes
Authors: van Turenhout Elisabeth C. , Bossers Sebastiaan M. , Loer Stephan A. , Giannakopoulos Georgios F. , Schwarte Lothar A. , Schober Patrick
Published: January 2020

The primary aim of this systematic review is to describe the effects of prehospital transfusion of red blood cells (PHTRBC) on patient outcomes. Damage control resuscitation attempts to prevent death through haemorrhage in trauma patients. In this context, transfusion of red blood cells is increasingly used by emergency medical services (EMS). However, evidence on the effects on outcomes is scarce. PubMed and Web of Science were searched through January 2019; 55 articles were included. No randomised controlled studies were identified. While several observational studies suggest an increased survival after PHTRBC, consistent evidence for beneficial effects of PHTRBC on survival was not found. PHTRBC appears to improve haemodynamic parameters, but there is no evidence that shock on arrival to hospital is averted, nor of an association with trauma induced coagulopathy or with length of stay in hospitals or intensive care units. In conclusion, PHTRBC is increasingly used by EMS, but there is no strong evidence for effects of PHTRBC on mortality. Further research with study designs that allow causal inferences is required for more conclusive evidence. The combination of PHTRBC with plasma, as well as the use of individualised transfusion criteria, may potentially show more benefits and should be thoroughly investigated in the future. The review was registered at Prospero (CRD42018084658).
Feline pancreatic ducts are consistently identified on CT and more likely to be dilated in the body of pancreas in cats with elevated feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity
Authors: Park Jae Yoon , Bugbee Andrew , Sharma Ajay , Secrest Scott
Published: January 2020

Feline pancreatitis is a challenge to diagnose and no previously published study has described the CT characteristics of the pancreatic duct (PD) in cats. The current prospective analytical study was performed to identify and describe the CT characteristics of the PD in normal cats and to compare that to those cats with an elevated feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI). Contrast‐enhanced CT was performed in 16 normal cats and 13 cats with an elevated fPLI. Two ACVR‐certified radiologists blinded to the fPLI status assessed whether or not the PD could be identified, contrast phase during which the PD was most conspicuous, and PD shape in the body, right and left lobes. A second‐year radiology resident blinded to the fPLI status measured maximum PD diameter and PD:parenchyma. The PD was identified in 84 of 87 pancreatic segments, which was most conspicuous in the portal phase in 28 of 29 cats. The PD shape was tubular (48/84), tapered (34/84), or beaded (2/84) with no significant difference (P = 1.0 to .1615) between groups. Mean maximal PD diameters of normal cats were 1.5‐1.7 mm, which was significantly larger in the body of the pancreas in cats with an elevated fPLI (2.4 mm, P = .0313). Mean PD:parenchyma was not significantly different between groups (P = .2001 to .949). In conclusion, the feline PD can be consistently identified on CT, for which the portal phase is preferred. Cats with an elevated fPLI are more likely to exhibit dilation of the PD in the body of the pancreas on CT.
Experimental Investigation on the Factors Affecting Proppant Flowback Performance
Authors: Wang Lei , Wen Heng
Published: January 2020

Proppant flowback is a significant issue in the field of fractured well production. In order to investigate the influencing relationships among the parameters affecting proppant flowback, the weight of proppant flowback within different conditions was tested by applying a fracture simulation experiment device. During the experiments, the flowback velocity of the fracturing fluid, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid, the proppant particle size, and the effective closure pressure were studied. The experimental results indicated that the flowback velocity of the fracturing fluid is critical for proppant flowback. The weight of the flowback proppant increases as the fracturing fluid flowback velocity increases. Proppant flowback mainly occurs in the early stage of fracturing fluid flowback; more than 75% of the flowback volume of the proppant was carried by 33.33% of the fracturing fluid flowback volume. The weight of the flowback proppant decreases as the flowback fracturing fluid viscosity decreases. Using a larger particle size proppant or upon increasing effective closure pressure also can decrease the weight of the flowback proppant.
A Treaty-based framework for mainstream social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand: Educators talk about their practice
Authors: McNabb David
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: Globally, indigenous social work educators have pursued decolonisation and the development of decolonising practices as part of the indigenous peoples’ rights movement and based on social work principles of self-determination and social justice. Māori have advanced decolonisation based on the original partnership that was envisaged in the Treaty of Waitangi signed between Māori and the British Crown in 1840. Aotearoa New Zealand social work education has a stated commitment to a Treaty-based partnership approach.METHODS: This research engaged focus groups along with interviews of social work educators from nine of the 19 programmes across Aotearoa New Zealand to explore if, and how, this commitment to a Treaty-based approach was being demonstrated in the real world of practice. A diverse group of participants included Māori, Pākehā, Pasifika, and people identifying with other ethnic groups.FINDINGS: Māori and non-Māori participants gave a range of perspectives relating to practising within a Treaty-based context. The Treaty should be understood historically but also in its contemporary expressions noting the extra demands placed on Māori. Non-Māori had an important role in demonstrating Treaty partnership and confronting White privilege. The Māori cultural approach of Kaupapa Ma ̄ori was a foundation for a Treaty approach, and presented a challenge for non-Māori to learn this. A major challenge for programmes was having sufficient Māori staff.Conclusions: Based on the findings, a Treaty-based teaching and learning framework has been developed to support educators as they advance decolonising practices and the indigenisation of social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Cultural support workers in the Aotearoa New Zealand healthcare setting: Challenge and opportunity for health social work
Authors: Goh Maree
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: In Aotearoa New Zealand, as elsewhere in the world, healthcare providers are seeking better ways to engage with increasingly ethnically and linguistically diverse communities. The use of cultural support workers (CSWs) to act as a bridge between services and such communities is proving to be an effective strategy for achieving this. For the social work profession, the advent of CSW roles presents both challenges and opportunities.APPROACH: A review of literature outlines the challenge of delivering culturally responsive and appropriate services to migrant and refugee communities and describes the role played by CSWs to increase the cultural understanding of healthcare providers and improve health outcomes for these communities. The impact of such roles on health social work is explored and how current social work education prepares practitioners for practice in an increasingly multicultural society.CONCLUSIONS: This article outlines the key issues that arise from the introduction of CSWs, the potential for collaboration and the opportunity that exists for health social work to refocus and redefine its role in the healthcare setting.
Putting human rights at the heart of social work practice
Authors: Ballantyne Neil
Published: January 2020

This commentary was published by the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) on the occasion of International Human Rights Day, 10 December 2019. ANZASW invited the author to respond to several questions on the topic of human rights. In 2019, Neil was the inaugural winner of the John Fry Memorial Supreme Award for Quality and Innovation in Social Work for his work as a Palestinian human rights defender. The article is structured in a question and response format.
Applying critical thinking and analysis in social work
Authors: Parkes Fritha
Published: January 2020

Book review
Intrinsic Foot Muscle Morphology in Active Runners With and Without a History of Exercise-Related Lower Leg Pain
Authors: Nedimyer Aliza K. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Luc-Harkey Brittney A. , Wikstrom Erik A.
Published: January 2020

Our objective was to quantify the functional and morphological characteristics of the plantar intrinsic muscles in those with and without a history of exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP). Thirty-two active runners—24 with a history of ERLLP—volunteered. Strength of the flexor hallucis brevis and flexor digitorum brevis, postural control, and navicular drop were recorded. Morphology of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and flexor hallucis brevis muscles were captured using ultrasonography. Those with ERLLP had smaller flexor hallucis brevis morphology measures (p ≤ .015) and a greater reliance on visual information while balancing (p = .05). ERLLP appears to alter intrinsic muscle function and morphology.
Influence of Faster and Slower Recovery-Profile Classifications, Self-Reported Sleep, Acute Training Load, and Phase of the Microcycle on Perceived Recovery in Futsal Players
Authors: Wilke Carolina F. , Wanner Samuel P. , Santos Weslley H.M. , Penna Eduardo M. , Ramos Guilherme P. , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Duffield Rob
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To determine whether daily perceived recovery is explained from a multifactorial single-session classification of recovery (ie, faster vs slower) or other circumstantial factors (ie, previous training load, self-reported sleep, or phase of the microcycle). Methods: Nineteen elite male futsal players were initially allocated to a recovery-classification group (faster recovery, slower physiological, or slower perceptual) based on previous research using a multifactorial cluster-analysis technique. During 4 ensuing weeks of preseason, training loads were monitored via player load, training impulse, and session rating of perceived exertion. Before each day’s training, players reported their perception of recovery (Total Quality of Recovery scale [TQR]) and the number of hours and perceived quality of sleep the night prior. A hierarchical linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of the different recovery profiles, training load, sleep, and phase of the microcycle (ie, start, middle, end) on daily TQR. Results: The recovery classification of players (P = .20), training load (training impulse, P = .32; player load, P = .23; session rating of perceived exertion, P = .46), and self-reported hours slept the night before (P = .45) did not significantly influence TQR. However, perceived sleep quality (P < .01) and phase of the microcycle (P < .01) were significantly associated with TQR (r2 = .41). Conclusions: Neither recovery classification nor prior training load influenced perceived recovery during the preseason. However, higher TQR was evident with better self-reported sleep quality, whereas lower values were associated with phases of the training week.
Physical Activity and Insomnia Symptoms Over 10 Years in a U.S. National Sample of Late-Middle-Age and Older Adults: Age Matters
Authors: Sonnega Amanda , Leggett Amanda , Pepin Renee , Assari Shervin
Published: January 2020

Research suggests that physical activity may influence sleep, yet more research is needed before it can be considered a frontline treatment for insomnia. Less is known about how this relationship is moderated by age. Using multilevel modeling, we examined self-reported physical activity and insomnia symptoms in 18,078 respondents from the U.S. nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (2004–2014). The mean baseline age was 64.7 years, with 53.9% female. Individuals who reported more physical activity (B = −0.005, p < .001) had fewer insomnia symptoms. Over 10 years, the respondents reported fewer insomnia symptoms at times when they reported more physical activity than was average for them (B = −0.003, p < .001). Age moderated this relationship (B = 0.0002, p < .01). Although modest, these findings concur with the literature, suggesting moderate benefits of physical activity for sleep in older adults. Future research should aim to further elucidate this relationship among adults at advanced ages.
The Effect of Digital Integrated Marketing Communications on Not-for-Profit Sport Consumption Behaviors
Authors: Whitburn Damien , Karg Adam , Turner Paul
Published: January 2020

Relationship marketing through digital forms of integrated marketing communications can provide sport organizations with a range of positive outcomes. Given decreasing participation, membership and funding pressures, sport organizations need to engage with current and prospective consumers to alleviate these concerns. Drawing on existing research in the digital communications setting, a framework illustrating the end to end integrated marketing communications function as implemented by governing bodies as a form of not-for-profit sporting organizations is presented and tested. Satisfaction with integrated marketing communications was shown to have a direct effect on relationship quality and behavioral intentions, including revenue raising, increasing participation, raising awareness, and enhancing public perception providing practical and theoretical benefits.
Community of Practice: Preparing Preservice Teachers to Lead Movement Integration in a School–University Partnered Program
Authors: Goh Tan Leng , Scrabis-Fletcher Kristin
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Physical education teacher education programs prepare preservice teachers to lead Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs. Through the coordination of a university’s physical education teacher education program and an elementary school, the purpose of this study was to examine preservice and in-service teachers’ perspectives in implementing a 6-week movement integration program. Method: A total of 12 preservice teachers participated in a weekly online discussion forum as part of a community of practice. In addition, the preservice teachers and three in-service teachers participated in an interview. Data were analyzed for themes. Results: The themes were facilitating implementation through support, sharing ideas for common practice, and overcoming challenges in implementation. Support received by the preservice teachers facilitated the implementation of the program. They also shared strategies to overcome implementation challenges through the weekly online discussions. Discussion/Conclusion: Fostering communities of practice among preservice teachers prepares them for collaboration and movement integration implementation in the future.
PRSS contributes to cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tan Zhaoli , Gao Lihua , Wang Yan , Yin Huihui , Xi Yongyi , Wu Xiaojie , Shao Yong , Qiu Weiyi , Du Peng , Shen Wenlong , Fu Ling , Jia Ru , Zhao Chuanhua , Zhang Yun , Zhao Zhihu , Sun Zhiwei , Chen Hongxing , Hu Xianwen , Xu Jianming , Wang Youliang
Published: January 2020

PRSS leads to cetuximab resistance by cleaving the drug, and SPINK1 or modified mAbs can avoid PRSS cleavage.
CHK2-FOXK axis promotes transcriptional control of autophagy programs
Authors: Chen Yuping , Wu Jinhuan , Liang Guang , Geng Guohe , Zhao Fei , Yin Ping , Nowsheen Somaira , Wu Chengming , Li Yunhui , Li Lei , Kim Wootae , Zhou Qin , Huang Jinzhou , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Chao , Guo Guijie , Deng Min , Tu Xinyi , Gao Xiumei , Liu Zhongmin , Chen Yihan , Lou Zhenkun , Luo Kuntian , Yuan Jian
Published: January 2020

We clarify that DNA damage triggers autophagy by CHK2-FOXK axis, and misregulation of this pathway leads to chemoresistance.
Growing up
Tyrannosaurus rex
: Osteohistology refutes the pygmy “
Nanotyrannus
” and supports ontogenetic niche partitioning in juvenile
Tyrannosaurus
Authors: Woodward Holly N. , Tremaine Katie , Williams Scott A. , Zanno Lindsay E. , Horner John R. , Myhrvold Nathan
Published: January 2020

Tyrannosaurus rex
dominated its ecosystem by singularly exploiting the roles of mid- and large-sized carnivore as it grew up.
Epac1 inhibition ameliorates pathological angiogenesis through coordinated activation of Notch and suppression of VEGF signaling
Authors: Liu Hua , Mei Fang C. , Yang Wenli , Wang Hui , Wong Eitan , Cai Jingjing , Toth Emma , Luo Pei , Li Yue-Ming , Zhang Wenbo , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

Epac1 promotes pathological blood vessel formation and is a therapeutic target for vasoproliferative diseases.
Prospective longitudinal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease correlates with the intensity and topography of baseline tau-PET
Authors: La Joie Renaud , Visani Adrienne V. , Baker Suzanne L. , Brown Jesse A. , Bourakova Viktoriya , Cha Jungho , Chaudhary Kiran , Edwards Lauren , Iaccarino Leonardo , Janabi Mustafa , Lesman-Segev Orit H. , Miller Zachary A. , Perry David C. , O’Neil James P. , Pham Julie , Rojas Julio C. , Rosen Howard J. , Seeley William W. , Tsai Richard M. , Miller Bruce L. , Jagust William J. , Rabinovici Gil D.
Published: January 2020

Tau imaging with [
18
F]flortaucipir predicts the severity and topography of subsequent MRI cortical atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Drilling down in the fight against bacterial superbugs
Authors: McCain Megan L.
Published: January 2020

Light-activated molecular nanomachines can resensitize antibiotic-resistant bacteria to antibiotics by drilling holes in their cell wall.
Doubling down on tumor suppressor deletion
Authors: Sowalsky Adam G.
Published: January 2020

Codeletion of
BRCA2
and
RB1
increases prostate cancer sensitivity to PARP inhibitor therapy.
Recovery and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) synthesized in Alcaligenes eutrophus and recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Hahn S K , Chang Y K , Lee S Y
Published: January 2020

We studied recovery of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus and a recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the A. eutrophus poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) biosynthesis genes. The amount of PHB degraded to a lower-molecular-weight compound in A. eutrophus during the recovery process was significant when sodium hypochlorite was used, but the amount degraded in the recombinant E. coli strain was negligible. However, there was no difference between the two microorganisms in the patterns of molecular weight change when PHB was recovered by using dispersions of a sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform. To understand these findings, we examined purified PHB and lyophilized cells containing PHB by using a differential scanning calorimeter, a thermogravimetric analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results of our analysis of lyophilized whole cells containing PHB with the differential scanning calorimeter suggested that the PHB granules in the recombinant E. coli strain were crystalline, while most of the PHB in A. eutrophus was in a mobile amorphous state. The stability of the native PHB in the recombinant E. coli strain during sodium hypochlorite treatment seemed to be due to its crystalline morphology. In addition, as determined by the thermogravimetric analyzer study, lyophilized cell powder of the recombinant E. coli strain containing PHB exhibited greater thermal stability than purified PHB obtained by chloroform extraction. The PHB preparations extracted from the two microorganisms had identical polymer properties.
A new Agrobacterium strain isolated from aerial tumors on Ficus benjamina L
Authors: Bouzar H , Chilton W S , Nesme X , Dessaux Y , Vaudequin V , Petit A , Jones J B , Hodge N C
Published: January 2020

Crown gall tumors, collected from branches of 1-year-old weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) trees, yielded both tumorigenic and nonpathogenic agrobacteria. On the basis of classical diagnostic tests, the nonpathogenic strains were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, whereas the tumorigenic strains could not be assigned to any of the known terrestrial Agrobacterium spp. The tumorigenic strains also differed from other members of the genus by producing more acid from mannitol. According to cluster analysis of carbon substrate oxidation (GN Microplate; Biolog, Inc.) and fatty acid content, the tumorigenic fig strains were distinct from strains of A. tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Agrobacterium vitis, and Agrobacterium rubi. Furthermore, they had unusual opine metabolism, inducing tumors that synthesized nopaline and three recently discovered opines: chrysopine (d-lactone of N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine, and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine, and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-5-oxo-L-proline. The nonpathogenic A. tumefaciens strains present in the same tumors were unable to degrade any of the opines tested. The phylogenetic position of the tumorigenic fig strain AF3.10 was inferred from comparing its rrs (i.e., 16S rRNA gene) sequence with those from the type strains of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species. The analysis showed that strain AF3.10 clustered with A. tumefaciens and A. rubi but not with A. vitis and was far removed from A. rhizogenes. However, the sequence was significantly different from those of A. tumefaciens and A. rubi to suggest that the tumorigenic fig strain may be a new Agrobacterium species that is as different from A. tumefaciens and A. rubi as these two species are from one another.
PCR for bioaerosol monitoring: sensitivity and environmental interference
Authors: Alvarez A J , Buttner M P , Stetzenbach L D
Published: January 2020

The PCR technique has potential for use in detection of low concentrations of airborne microorganisms. In this study, the sensitivity of PCR and its susceptibility to environmental interference were assessed with Escherichia coli DH1 as the target organism. Air samples, containing environmental bioaerosols, were collected with AGI-30 samplers and seeded with E. coli DH1 cells. Parallel studies were performed with cells seeded into the sampler prior to collection of air samples to determine the effects of environmental inhibition and sampling stress on the PCR assay. Baseline studies were also performed without environmental challenge or sampling stress to compare two protocols for cell lysis, solid phase and freeze-thaw. Amplification of a plasmid target sequence resulted in a detection limit of a single bacterial cell by the freeze-thaw and solid-phase methods within 5 and 9 h, respectively. With a genomic target, the sensitivity of the solid-phase method was 10-fold lower than that of freeze-thaw. Samples which contained 10(3) to 10(4) CFU of environmental organisms per m3 inhibited amplification; however, a 1/10 dilution of these samples resulted in successful amplifications. No difference in sensitivity of the PCR assay was obtained as a result of sampling stress, although a 10-fold decrease in culturability was observed. A field validation of the protocol with genomic primers demonstrated the presence of airborne E. coli and/or Shigella spp. in outdoor samples. This study indicates that the PCR method for detection of airborne microorganisms is rapid and sensitive and can be used as an alternative method for air quality monitoring.