bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Concurrent Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Receptor Blockers on Toxicity and Outcomes in Patients Treated with Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liao Wan-Chuen , Shokr Hala , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Dempsey Clare , Williams Kaye Janine , Chen Li-Chia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: ACEIs protect against radiation pneumonitis by reducing angiotensin II production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study highlights the significance of concurrent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use in radiotherapy by evaluating its impact on radiotherapy-related side effects and survival outcomes, addressing the gap in existing research and providing insights to guide clinical practice in oncology. Methods: The literature was retrieved from the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 2000 to October 2024. Studies on adults (≥18 years) with histologically confirmed cancer, receiving ACEIs or ARBs during radiotherapy, were included. Radiotherapy-related side effects and clinical outcomes were analysed using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), comparing ACEI/ARB users to non-users. Differences in the median survival time, recurrence, and death rates were also calculated. Results: Sixteen studies (14 cohort studies and two randomised trials) were included. ACEI users exhibited a 50% reduction in the risk of ≥grade 2 radiation pneumonitis (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.32–0.77) in lung cancer and significant reductions in the odds of proctitis (80%, OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.33), haematuria (75%, OR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.16–0.41), and rectal bleeding (61%, OR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.30–0.51) in prostate cancer. ACEI/ARB users showed reduced symptomatic radiation necrosis in brain metastases and better 6-month functional independence in supratentorial glioblastoma. Among six studies reporting survival, ACEI/ARB users had longer median survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer and glioblastoma but shorter survival in small cell lung cancer and brain metastases. ARB users had inconsistent survival rates for lung cancer. The varying survival outcomes suggest that ACEIs/ARBs have different effects depending on the cancer type and stage, potentially influenced by cancer-specific factors, treatment protocols, or disease progression. Conclusions: ACEI use is associated with a reduction in radiation pneumonitis, but evidence for other radiotherapy-related toxicity and survival outcomes remains inconsistent across cancer types and severities. Further research should carefully control for confounders.
Ceftazidime-Avibactam Versus Colistin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Almangour Thamer A. , Alkherb Zakiyah , Ghonem Leen , Al Musawa Mohammed , Almohaizeie Abdullah , Almuhisen Sara , Alharbi Aminah , Damfu Nader , Aljefri Doaa , Alghaith Jeelan , Alfozan Awaly , Alghamdi Ahlam , Aljabri Ahmad , Alhifany Abdullah A. , Alessa Mohammed , Alsowaida Yazed Saleh
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the real-world evidence of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) compared to intravenous colistin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infections. Method: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in the period between 2017 and 2023 at five institutions for patients who received either CAZ-AVI or colistin-based regimens for treating MDR P. aeruginosa infections. Outcomes were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Result: Among the screened patients, 203 patients were included: 89 in the CAZ-AVI group and 114 in the colistin group. A total of 57% presented with pneumonia, 21% with bacteremia, and 61% were in the intensive care unit. The rate of clinical cure was significantly higher among patients who received CAZ-AVI (67% vs. 50%; OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16–3.68). The rate of in-hospital mortality was numerically lower among patients who received CAZ-AVI (40% vs. 49%; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.33–1.03). The rate of AKI was significantly lower among patients who received CAZ-AVI (15% vs. 43%; OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11–0.45). Conclusion: CAZ-AVI was more effective in treating MDR P. aeruginosa infections and showed a better safety profile compared to colistin. Thus, CAZ-AVI could be a better alternative for treating MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
Diatom-Based Photobiological Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Optimization of Light and Temperature and Biomass Analysis
Authors: Gao Han , Roy Emon , Underwood Mason S. , Adams Hunter , Kulkarni Harshad V. , Datta Saugata , Sato Shinya , Ikehata Keisuke
Published: January 2025

As global water scarcity intensifies, the desalination of brackish groundwater and surface water plays a critical role in augmenting water supplies. However, managing reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from brackish water desalination remains challenging due to silica and calcium accumulation and precipitation, which cause membrane scaling and reduce freshwater recovery. This study employed the brackish diatom Gedaniella flavovirens Psetr3 in a photobiological treatment to remove dissolved silica and calcium, offering a natural, sustainable solution to improve freshwater recovery. Optimal treatment conditions were identified, with a light intensity of 200 µmol m−2 s−1 and incubation temperatures between 23 °C and 30 °C maximizing silica uptake (up to 46 ± 3 mg/L/day) while minimizing diatom mortality. This study reports, for the first time, the silica, organic, and calcite content in diatom biomass and their production rates during the photobiological treatment of ROC using G. flavovirens Psetr3. The photobiological treatment of one million gallons (3785 m3) per day of ROC would produce 174 kg of silica, 163 kg of organics, and 314 kg of calcite daily. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential for utilizing these bioresources to offset the costs of photobiological treatment and subsequent desalination processes.
Phytomedicine Potential of Oroxylum indicum Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Summat Rattana , Waiwut Pornthip , Daodee Supawadee , Nualkaew Natsajee , Phemphunananchai Khemjira , Arsito Puguh Novi , Chulikhit Yaowared , Montakantirat Orawan , Khamphukdee Charinya , Boonyarat Chantana
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, for which few effective treatments exist. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Oroxylum indicum root extract and its key constituents (baicalein, chrysin, oroxylin A) against AD hallmarks. The extract and its constituents exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. They inhibited β-amyloid aggregation as measured by the thioflavin T assay and acetylcholinesterase activity using the Ellman method. In cell culture models, O. indicum extract showed an ability to protect neurons from the toxic effects of H2O2. Western blot analysis revealed the extract and its major active component, baicalein, downregulated pro-apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3, and BAX) upon H2O2 exposure. Furthermore, they reduced the expression of amyloidogenic proteins (BACE1) and phosphorylated tau. These findings suggest that O. indicum root extract, particularly baicalein, possesses multifaceted neuroprotective properties, targeting various aspects of AD pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid formation, aggregation, and apoptosis. O. indicum root thus warrants further investigation as a promising source of therapeutic agents for AD.
Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from Santolina chamaecyparissus L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against Neocosmospora Species
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Eva , Martín-Gil Jesús , González-García Vicente , Casanova-Gascón José , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: January 2025

Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (cotton-lavender) is receiving increasing attention due to its potential for modern medicine and is considered both a functional food and nutraceutical. In this work, the phytochemical profile of its flower hydromethanolic extract was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and its applications as a biorational for crop protection were explored against Neocosmospora spp., both in vitro and in planta. The phytochemical profiling analysis identified several terpene groups. Among sesquiterpenoids, which constituted the major fraction (50.4%), compounds featuring cedrane skeleton (8-cedren-13-ol), aromadendrene skeleton (such as (−)-spathulenol, ledol, alloaromadendrene oxide, epiglobulol, and alloaromadendrene), hydroazulene skeleton (ledene oxide, isoledene, and 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-2,2,8-trimethyl-,(3aα,8β,8aα)-5,6-azulenedimethanol), or copaane skeleton (cis-α-copaene-8-ol) were predominant. Additional sesquiterpenoids included longiborneol and longifolene. The monoterpenoid fraction (1.51%) was represented by eucalyptol, (+)-4-carene, endoborneol, and 7-norbornenol. In vitro tests against N. falciformis and N. keratoplastica, two emerging soil phytopathogens, resulted in effective concentration EC90 values of 984.4 and 728.6 μg·mL−1, respectively. A higher dose (3000 μg·mL−1) was nonetheless required to achieve full protection in the in planta tests conducted on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) cv. ‘Diamant F1’ and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. ‘Optima F1’ plants inoculated with N. falciformis by root dipping. The reported data indicate an antimicrobial activity comparable to that of fosetyl-Al and higher than that of azoxystrobin conventional fungicides, thus making the flower extract a promising bioactive product for organic farming and expanding S. chamaecyparissus potential applications.
Design, Modeling, and Validation of a Compact, Energy-Efficient Mixing Screw for Sustainable Polymer Processing
Authors: Kazmer David O. , Kodra Stiven
Published: January 2025

This study presents the design, modeling, and validation of a mixing screw for energy-efficient single-screw extrusion. The screw features a short length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of 8:1 and incorporates double flights with variable pitch and counter-rotating mixing slots. These features promote enhanced plastication by breaking up the solid bed and improving thermal homogeneity through backflow mechanisms relieving a 3.75 compression ratio. Non-isothermal, non-Newtonian simulations modeled the thermal and flow behavior for high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) under various operating conditions. Experimental validation was conducted using a 20 mm pilot-scale extruder with screw speeds ranging from 10 to 40 RPM and barrel temperatures of 220 °C and 240 °C. Results showed a strong linear dependence of mass output on screw speed, with maximum mass throughputs of 0.58 kg/h for HIPS and 0.74 kg/h for rPP at 40 RPM. Specific energy consumption (SEC) was calculated as 0.264 kWh/kg for HIPS and 0.344 kWh/kg for rPP, corresponding to efficiencies of 31.5% and 56.5% relative to theoretical minimum energy requirements. Compared to traditional general-purpose and barrier screws with L/D ratios of 27:1, the mixing screw demonstrated improved energy efficiency and reduced residence time distributions. These findings suggest the potential of the mixing screw for compact extrusion systems, including 3D printing and other sustainable polymer and bioplastics processing applications.
Effect of Pellet Proportion and Charging Sequence on Burden Distribution in Blast Furnaces According to Discrete Element Method Simulation
Authors: Wei Haoyuan , Zhang Chi , Han Jixiang , Wang Zhenyang , Ren Wei , Zhang Jianliang , Chen Ziluo , Lu Peiyuan
Published: January 2025

The utilization of a high pellet ratio in blast furnace smelting represents a pivotal strategy for achieving green and low-carbon ironmaking, which can improve raw material quality, reduce energy consumption, and decrease CO2 emissions. In this study, the impact of pellet proportion and charging sequence on the burden distribution was investigated using the discrete element method. The results revealed that the pellet mass fraction and the porosity of the ore layer gradually increase from the furnace wall toward the center under different pellet proportion conditions. As the pellet proportion increases, the radial segregation index of the pellets decreases and the porosity of the ore layer slightly increases. Furthermore, alternating charging can reduce pellet rolling, thereby lowering the flowability of the burden. The research outcomes can offer valuable insights for optimizing blast furnace charging operations when using a high pellet ratio, contributing to an improved smelting efficiency.
Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Principal Component Analysis to Detect and Monitor Water Stress in Ornamental Plants
Authors: Patiluna Van , Owen James , Maja Joe Mari , Neupane Jyoti , Behmann Jan , Bohnenkamp David , Borra-Serrano Irene , Peña José M. , Robbins James , de Castro Ana
Published: January 2025

Water stress is a critical factor affecting the health and productivity of ornamental plants, yet early detection remains challenging. This study aims to investigate the spectral responses of four ornamental plant taxa—Rosa hybrid (rose), Itea virginica (itea), Spiraea nipponica (spirea), and Weigela florida (weigela)—under varying levels of water stress using hyperspectral imaging and principal component analysis (PCA). Hyperspectral data were collected across multiple wavelengths and PCA was applied to identify key spectral bands associated with different stress levels. The analyses revealed that the first two principal components captured a majority of variance in the data, with specific wavelengths around 680 nm, 760 nm, and 810 nm playing a significant role in distinguishing between the stress levels. Score plots demonstrated clear separation between different stress treatments, indicating that spectral signatures evolve distinctly over time as water stress progresses. Influence plots identified observations with disproportionate impacts on the PCA model, ensuring the robustness of the analysis. Findings suggest that hyperspectral imaging, combined with PCA, is a powerful tool for early detection and monitoring of water stress in ornamental plants, providing a basis for improved water management practices in horticulture.
An Approach to Refining MODIS LAI Data Using a Fitting Scale Factor Time Series
Authors: Tang Junxian , Wang Peijuan , Feng Rui , Li Yang , Li Qing
Published: January 2025

The leaf area index (LAI) serves as a key metric for tracking crop growth and can be integrated into crop models for yield estimation. Although the remote sensing LAI data provide a critical foundation for monitoring crop growth and estimating yields, the existing datasets often exhibit notable errors due to the pixel-level heterogeneity. To improve the applicability and inversion accuracy of MODIS LAI products in the Northeast China (NEC) region, this study upscaled the 500-m resolution MODIS LAI product to a 5-km resolution by initially calculating the mean value. Then, the scale factors were estimated based on the observed LAI data of spring maize. To further refine the accuracy of the remotely sensed LAI, 1-km resolution land use data were resampled to 500-m resolution, and the pixel purity of spring maize was calculated for each 5-km grid cell. The scale factor time series was fitted with and without consideration of pixel purity, and the accuracy of the adjusted LAI using these two methods was compared. Our findings demonstrate that the optimal method for fitting scale factors for spring maize LAI data is piecewise function method which combines Gaussian and quadratic polynomial functions. The time series of scale factors derived from high- and low-purity pixels, differentiated by a 50% purity threshold, resulted in improved performance in adjusting the spring maize LAI compared to traditional remote sensing LAI data. The adjusted LAI performed better in reflecting the growth characteristics of spring maize in the NEC region, with the relative mean square errors between observed and adjusted LAI of spring maize during 2016 and 2020 below 1 m2/m2. This study provides crucial support for monitoring the growth process and estimating the yield of spring maize in the NEC region and also offers valuable scientific references for the optimization and application of remote sensing data.
Research on Mass Center Identification for Gravitational Wave Detection Spacecraft with Guaranteed Laser Link Pointing Accuracy
Authors: Wang Shen-Ao , Zhang Huibo , Cai Lin , Wang Ziming , An Yumin
Published: January 2025

The deviation of the center of mass of a gravitational wave detection satellite from its calibrated position can severely impact the accuracy of gravitational wave detection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective identification methods to achieve precise center of mass identification while ensuring the alignment of the laser link. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for the center of mass identification of gravitational wave detection spacecraft that ensures the pointing accuracy of the laser link. A study on the relative attitude dynamics modeling of gravitational wave detection spacecraft is conducted, and the conditions for small, periodic spacecraft maneuvers that maintain laser link alignment are analyzed. A high-precision, high-stability center of mass identification method based on dual-model data fusion is proposed and simulated. The results show that this method can maintain the alignment precision of the laser interferometer arms within 10 nrad, while achieving a center of mass identification accuracy of 25 μm. Compared to existing methods, this method improves the identification accuracy by an order of magnitude, demonstrating its feasibility for application in gravitational wave detection constellations. It provides theoretical support for the center of mass identification of gravitational wave detection spacecraft.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of kNDVI in Different Sections of the Yangtze River Basin Using Multiple Statistical Methods and the PLSPM Model
Authors: Wu Zhenjiang , Yao Fengmei , Ahmad Adeel , Deng Fan , Fang Jun
Published: January 2025

Spatiotemporal vegetation changes serve as a key indicator of regional ecological environmental quality and provide crucial guidance for developing strategies for regional ecological protection and sustainable development. Currently, vegetation change studies in the Yangtze River Basin primarily rely on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). However, the NDVI is susceptible to atmospheric and soil conditions and exhibits saturation phenomena in areas with high vegetation coverage. In contrast, the kernel NDVI (kNDVI) demonstrates significant advantages in suppressing background noise and improving saturation thresholds through nonlinear kernel transformation, thereby enhancing sensitivity to vegetation changes. To elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of vegetation changes in the Yangtze River Basin, this study constructed a temporal kNDVI using MOD09GA data from 2000 to 2022. Considering sectional heterogeneity, rather than analyzing the entire region as a whole as in previous studies, this research examined spatiotemporal evolution characteristics by sections using four statistical metrics. Subsequently, Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLSPM) was innovatively introduced to quantitatively analyze the influence mechanisms of topographic, climatic, pedological, and socioeconomic factors. Compared to traditional correlation analysis and the geographical detector method, PLSPM, as a theoretically driven statistical method, can simultaneously process path relationships among multiple latent variables, effectively revealing the intensity and pathways of driving factors’ influences, while providing more credible and interpretable explanations for kNDVI variation mechanisms. Results indicate that the overall kNDVI in the Yangtze River Basin exhibited an upward trend, with the midstream demonstrating the most significant improvement with minimal interannual fluctuations, the upstream displaying an east-increasing and west-stable spatial pattern, and the downstream demonstrating coexisting improvement and degradation characteristics, with these trends expected to persist. Driving mechanism analysis reveals that the upstream was predominantly influenced by the climatic factor, the midstream was dominated by terrain, and the downstream displayed terrain–soil coupling effects. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the upstream focus on enhancing vegetation adaptation management to climate change, the midstream need to coordinate the relationship between topography and human activities, and the downstream should concentrate on controlling the negative impacts of urban expansion on vegetation.
Multi-Layer Perceptron Model Integrating Multi-Head Attention and Gating Mechanism for Global Navigation Satellite System Positioning Error Estimation
Authors: Liu Xiuxun , Tang Zuping , Wei Jiaolong
Published: January 2025

To better understand and evaluate the GNSS positioning performance, it is convenient to adopt corresponding measures to reduce the impact of errors on positioning. A GNSS positioning error estimation scheme based on an improved multi-layer perceptron model is proposed. The multi-head attention mechanism and gating operation are integrated into the multi-layer perceptron model to adaptively select and filter features, enhancing the model’s ability to understand input features. First, the original positioning error of the satellite is obtained through the Kalman filter positioning method. The data are then preprocessed to extract available features. Finally, the features are input into the constructed model for training and testing to obtain the estimated positioning error value. Two types of comparative experiments were completed. The performance of the presented model is evaluated by the root mean square error. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs well in terms of performance indicators, and has obvious advantages over other state-of-the-art methods. In particular, the root mean square error of the presented method in the first dataset is 0.239 m, which is 39.2% and 17% lower than the current state-of-the-art long short-term memory network and convolutional neural network, respectively. The presented method can provide higher-precision estimated values for studying the GNSS positioning error estimation problem.
Enhancing Localization Accuracy and Reducing Processing Time in Indoor Positioning Systems: A Comparative Analysis of AI Models
Authors: Sahnoun Salwa , Souissi Rihab , Chiboub Sirine , Chabchoub Aziza , Baazaoui Mohamed Khalil , Fakhfakh Ahmed , Derbel Faouzi
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a comparative study of different AI models for indoor positioning systems, emphasizing improvements in localization accuracy and processing time. This study examines Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and the Kalman filter using a real Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and 9-axis ICM-20948 sensor. An in-depth analysis is provided in this paper for data cleaning and feature selection to reduce errors for all the models. We evaluate these models in terms of localization accuracy and prediction time. The RNN model shows the best performance, achieving a localization error of 0.247 m with a delay of 0.077 s per position location for an area of 12 m × 9.5 m using four anchors. This research highlights the importance of selecting AI models for effective mobile tracking according to test and validation data.
Height Measurement Method for Meter-Wave Multiple Input Multiple Output Radar Based on Transmitted Signals and Receive Filter Design
Authors: Qin Cong , Zhang Qin , Zheng Guimei , Fu Xiaolong , Zheng He
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of low-elevation target height measurement in the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar, this paper proposes a height measurement method for meter-wave MIMO radar based on transmitted signals and receive filter design, integrating beamforming technology and cognitive processing methods. According to the characteristics of beamforming technology forming nulls at interference locations, we assume that the direct wave and reflected wave act as interference signals and hypothesize a direction for a hypothetical target. Then, the data received are processed to obtain the height of low-elevation-angle targets using a cognitive approach that jointly optimizes the transmitted signal and receive filter. Firstly, a signal model for the meter-wave MIMO radar based on the transmit weight matrix is established under low-elevation scenarios. Secondly, the signal model is analyzed and transformed. Thirdly, the beamforming algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmitted signals and receive filter is derived and analyzed. The algorithm maximizes the output Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise ratio (SINR) of the receiver by designing the transmit weight matrix and receive filter. The optimization problem based on the SINR criterion is non-convex and difficult to solve. We transformed it into two sub-optimization problems and approximated the optimal solution through an alternating iteration algorithm. Finally, the proposed height measurement algorithm is compared with the Generalized Multiple Signal Classification (GMUSIC) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) height measurement algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can realize the height measurement of low-elevation targets. Compared to the GMUSIC and ML algorithms, it demonstrates superior performance in terms of computational complexity and multi-target elevation estimation.
A Wideband Eight-Port MIMO Antenna with Reduced Mutual Coupling for Future 5G mm-Wave Applications
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kabir , Liu Shaobin , Khan Muhammad Irshad
Published: January 2025

An eight-element MIMO antenna with a neutralization line was utilized for future 5G mm-wave applications. The MIMO configuration was designed for two ports, four ports and eight ports to validate the desired impedance and radiation characteristics. The measured results in terms of MIMO and scattering parameters correlate well with the simulated one. The printed eight-port antenna was a miniaturized size of 44 × 70 × 0.8 mm3. Roger RT/duroid 5880 substrate was used to print antennas. The presented antenna produced a vast bandwidth of 18 GHz, varying from 28 to 46 GHz, and achieved a reduced mutual coupling of 30 dB with 6.8–8.5 dBi gain. The eight-port antenna is compared with contemporary antennas considering size, isolation, impedance bandwidth, diversity characteristics and radiation properties, confirming that the presented antenna is a promising candidate for future 5G mm-wave applications.
Integral UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Clopidogrel Bisulphate and Metamizole Sodium in Rinse Waters from Industrial Equipment
Authors: Nikolaychuk Pavel Anatolyevich
Published: January 2025

In this paper, methods for the determination of clopidogrel bisulphate and metamizole sodium in rinse waters from industrial equipment, using multiwavelength UV spectrometry and the calculation of areas under curves, are proposed. Spectra were recorded in an aqueous medium without preliminary pH adjustment. A numerical integration of the spectra was performed in the wavelength range of 210 to 290 nm for clopidogrel bisulphate, and 220 to 320 nm for metamizole sodium. The methods enable the determination of clopidogrel bisulphate and metamizole sodium in solution in the concentration range of 1–100 mg/L, do not require lengthy sample preparation and complex analytical equipment, and are suitable for the routine determination of these drugs in rinse waters from industrial equipment.
Effects of Hook Maneuver on Oxygen Saturation Recovery After −40 m Apnea Dive—A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: DeAsís-Fernández Francisco , Reina-Varona Álvaro , Papotsidakis Evangelos , Lafuente Juan , Fierro-Marrero José
Published: January 2025

To reduce the risk of syncope, trained breath-hold divers (BHDs) use a specialized breathing technique after surfacing called “hook breathing” (HB). It consists of a full inspiration followed by a Valsalva-like maneuver and with subsequent exhalation performed against resistance to generate continuous positive airway pressure during exhalation. This study analyzed the influence of HB on oxygen saturation recovery after a −40 m depth apnea dive in trained BHDs. Thirteen BHDs performed two dives to −40 m at different days, one followed by HB after a dive and the other using usual breathing (UB). To detect signs of lung edema, ultrasound B-line measurements were conducted before, 10 min after the dive, and within 1 h after the dive. To detect oxygen saturation recovery, pulse oximetry was recorded before and immediately after surfacing. Both groups exhibited significant increases in SpO2 over time (UB: F (2.25, 24.7) = 22.1, p < 0.001, ηg2 = 0.612; HB: F (2.11, 23.2) = 29.0, p < 0.001, ηg2 = 0.688). Significant differences in SpO2 were observed between the HB and UB groups at 30–45 s post-apnea, with higher SpO2 values in the HB group; between 1.64 and 5.08% of SpO2 in favor of the HB intervention. Four participants showed ultrasound B-lines within ten minutes post-dive. After a 40 m apnea dive, the results revealed significant SpO2 recovery from 30 s to 45 s, with the HB recovering more rapidly. No differences were found at earlier (10–25 s) or later time points (50–60 s).
Seed Dormancy and Germination Potential of Coastal Rice Landraces in Bangladesh: Implications for Climate-Resilient Cultivation
Authors: Bristy Sara Yeasmin , Tahura Sharaban , Khan Md. Rashed , Ghosh Anirban , Hossain Md. Shakhawat , Mia Shamim , Jindo Keiji
Published: January 2025

The coastal regions of Bangladesh host a rich diversity of Aman rice landraces, which are crucial for local agriculture but are highly vulnerable to natural disasters like cyclones and floods. Specifically, local landraces often experience flooding during grain filling and maturation stages, and sprouts in the field lead to a severe loss of yield. Seed dormancy, which delays germination, is a key trait for escaping sprouting in the field during harvesting. However, there is lack of information on genetic variability in the existing rice landraces grown in the coastal area of Bangladesh. This study evaluated the seed dormancy of 28 local Aman rice landraces, plus four varieties from the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Germination tests were conducted under controlled conditions, and an electrical conductivity (EC) test was used to assess seed vigor. The results showed that Bari Mota, Tulsimala, Chinigura, Dishari, and Birindi exhibited the highest dormancy rates, i.e., 100%, 100%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively, while BINA Dhan 10, Nona Bokra, and BINA Dhan 8 had the lowest dormancy rates, with values of 11%, 16%, and 24%, respectively. Priming treatments enhanced germination rates in some varieties; however, others, such as Bari Mota and Tulsimala, remained dormant, underscoring the variability in seed dormancy levels. Compared to non-priming, a significant improvement of germination was recorded in BRRI dhan 41 (85.3% vs. 9%), Motha mota (84% vs. 8%), Lal chikon (74.6% vs. 1%), Sadamota (74.6% vs. 5%), and Bashful (53.3% vs. 3%). Altogether, our results suggest that local landraces are diverse in seed dormancy, and genotypes with high dormancy, such as Bari Mota and Tulsimala, can potentially be grown in the disaster-prone coastal areas. In contrast, these genotypes can be used for future breeding programs. Therefore, this study carries significant implications for rice cultivation in the coastal areas of Bangladesh.
Influence of Geometrical Features on the Cyclic Behavior of S-Shaped Steel Dampers Used in Sustainable Seismic Isolation: Experimental Insight with Numerical Validation
Authors: Guo Kai , Pianese Gaetano , Pan Peng , Milani Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Seismic isolation systems play a crucial role in enhancing structural resilience during earthquakes, with lead rubber bearings being a widely adopted solution. These bearings incorporate lead cores to effectively dissipate seismic energy. However, their widespread application is constrained by significant drawbacks, including high costs and environmental concerns associated with lead. This study introduces a novel sustainable S-shaped steel damper made from standard steel. The influence of key geometrical parameters—thickness, width, and the distance from the bolt hole to the arc’s start—on the cyclic behavior of the dampers was investigated. Seven prototypes were designed, manufactured, and experimentally tested to evaluate their horizontal stiffness and damping performance. Subsequentially, the experimental results were considered for the validation of a numerical model based on a full 3D Finite Element discretization. The model, calibrated using simple uniaxial steel material tests, facilitates the identification of optimal geometric features for the production of S-shaped steel dampers without the need for extensive prototype fabrication and experimental testing. Additionally, the model can be seamlessly integrated into future numerical structural analyses, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of performance characteristics. In conclusion, this research provides critical insights into the geometric optimization of S-shaped steel dampers as cost-effective and sustainable dissipation devices. It offers both experimental data and a robust numerical model to guide future designs for improved seismic mitigation performances.
Technological Progress and Scale Efficiency Changes in China’s Energy Industry: A Comparison of New and Traditional Energy Under the DEA-Malmquist-Tobit Model
Authors: Zhu Tianxing , Liu Jinyang , Zhu Guolong
Published: January 2025

With the growth of the new energy sector, China’s energy industry is experiencing significant transformations. This research aims to evaluate the technological progress and changes in scale efficiency of listed companies in China’s energy industry, with a particular focus on the comparison between new and traditional energy sectors. This research investigates various efficiency values, types of returns to scale, the role of patents in fostering technological progress, and the influence of financial leverage on scale efficiency changes, a comprehensive evaluation of the industry that offers a critical foundation for formulating targeted strategies. This research uses data from A-share listed energy companies spanning from 2017 to 2023, constructs input–output indicators centered on research and development (R&D) and profitability, and applies the DEA model to examine the operating efficiency of energy listed companies. A Malmquist indices is developed to analyze the dynamic evolution of technological change and scale efficiency change. In contrast to the conventional approach of using DEA efficiency scores as the dependent variable in Tobit regressions, this research uses the Malmquist indices, which more effectively captures the dynamic evolution of technological progress and scale efficiency. The study empirically assesses the impact of patent accumulation on technological progress through a Tobit panel model with random effects and the effect of financial leverage on scale efficiency changes using a Tobit four-stage incremental regression. Finally, the study draws the following conclusions: 1. In terms of industry static correlation, listed new energy companies exhibit polarization in returns to scale types; in contrast, traditional energy listed companies have a more stable and mature returns to scale structure. 2. In terms of dynamic correlation, technological progress in the new energy sector is substantial, while the traditional energy sector faces bottlenecks; efficiency changes in both industries are dependent on scale efficiency changes, rather than pure efficiency changes. 3. Regarding influencing factors for new energy listed companies, patent accumulation has a limited impact on technological progress, while financial leverage and scale efficiency change exhibit a non-linear relationship, with an inflection point effect observed in companies with high financial leverage. Finally, this study offers targeted policy recommendations for new energy and traditional energy listed companies based on the findings.
Relational Resources, Digital Capability, and Value Proposition Innovation: Impact on Entrepreneurial Performance in Chinese Snack Enterprises
Authors: Li Haibo , Ang Hong Loong , Fabeil Noor Fzlinda
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to conduct an empirical study on the influence of relational resources (RR) and digital capability (DC) on entrepreneurial performance (EP), as well as to examine the mediating role of value proposition innovation (VPI). This research seeks to fill the gap in the existing literature regarding the impact of relational resources and digital capability on entrepreneurial performance. Data were collected from 191 respondents from small snack food production enterprises in China. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was employed to analyze and measure both direct and indirect effects and to test the hypothesized model. The findings indicate that while relational resources and digital capability do not have a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial performance, they significantly positively influence value proposition innovation, which in turn has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial performance. Therefore, value proposition innovation fully mediates the relationship between relational resources, digital capability, and entrepreneurial performance. This study contributes to resolving the ongoing debate on the influence of relational resources and digital capability on entrepreneurial performance.
Developing an openBIM Information Delivery Specifications Framework for Operational Carbon Impact Assessment of Building Projects
Authors: Hosseini Gourabpasi Arash , Jalaei Farzad , Ghobadi Mehdi
Published: January 2025

BIM (building information modeling) is widely recognized for enhancing the efficiency and precision of building energy modeling (BEM), primarily by reducing model development time and improving model accuracy. This paper presents a novel framework leveraging “openBIM” to standardize and harmonize BIM-driven solutions for energy simulations, facilitating comprehensive operational carbon impact assessments. Unlike existing approaches, our framework uniquely integrates information delivery specifications (IDS) with openBIM standards to define the minimum data requirements within the IFC schema, tailored to various levels of development (LOD). This innovation ensures consistent data exchange and interoperability across diverse energy modeling and simulation tools, addressing common challenges of data fragmentation and inaccuracy in operational carbon assessments. By advancing the current state of the art, the proposed framework empowers energy modelers, LCA analysts, and asset managers to streamline IDS implementation, fostering more efficient and reliable construction industry practices. This research thus marks a significant step towards achieving more sustainable building projects through enhanced data-driven insights.
Impacts of Deficit Irrigation on Strawberry Physiology, Water Productivity, Quality, and Yield
Authors: Yang Pingguo , Drohan Patrick J. , Zhang Xiaojiao , Long Huaiyu , Soulis Konstantinos X. , Shi Xiaorong
Published: January 2025

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has a unique flavor and nutritional value. To investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on the growth, yield, quality, and water use efficiency of strawberries, “Zhangji” and “Hongyan” varieties were assessed in a greenhouse. Four irrigation levels were set as 95% (CK), 75% (LS), 55% (MS), and 35% (±5%) (SS) of the field capacity, respectively. Five successive plant growth stages were analyzed. The results indicate that the plants’ daily water consumption intensity, as well as fruit yield and titratable acidity, decreased with increasing water stress, while vitamin C (Vc), soluble sugar, soluble protein, the sugar–acid ratio, and water use efficiency increased. Yield significantly decreased under the MS and SS treatments compared with CK. Malondialdehyde, proline contents, and superoxide dismutase activity reached the highest values under SS. Our results indicate that the greatest effect of water restriction occurs during the seedling growth and fruit color-turning periods. Given the higher Vc, titratable acidity, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, the “Zhangji” variety may be preferable to the “Hongyan” variety, and an irrigation level at 70~80% of field capacity is recommended for good strawberry yield and taste quality. Deficit irrigation can save water resources, improve water use efficiency, and promote agricultural sustainable development.
Uterine Myometrial Distension Augments the Production of Angiogenic and Proinflammatory Factors
Authors: Mandalà Maurizio , Poynter Matthew E. , Suratt Benjamin T. , Osol George
Published: January 2025

We recently found that myometrial distension stimulates maternal uterine vascular remodeling, and hypothesized that this may be a previously unrecognized mechanism for inducing arterial growth during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to further characterize a recently developed surgical model in which medical-grade silicone was infused into one uterine horn of a non-gravid rat to induce acute myometrial stretch, followed by an additional, gradual distension due to the secretion of an exudate into the uterine lumen. Our objectives were to better understand the effects of stretch on the myometrium and to look for the expression of proangiogenic and proinflammatory factors that may stimulate uterine vascular remodeling. Morphometric analysis showed hypertrophy of the uterine corpus that was primarily due to axial growth since the myometrial cross-sectional area was unchanged due to a thinning of the uterine wall secondary to stretch. This finding was supported by significantly increased myometrial smooth muscle cell mitosis. There was also an increase in the concentration of myometrial elastin but not collagen. The analysis showed modest increases in neutrophils, activated and unactivated macrophages, and the proinflammatory cytokines RANTES, MIP-3α, GRO-KC, and TNFα. The most dramatic change was the extremely high level of VEGF in the exudate, which was increased >900× above circulating levels.
Associations Between Ambient PM2.5 and Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Persons in Puerto Rico
Authors: Honda Trenton , Henry Trenton D. , Corlin Laura , Kirwa Kipruto , Alshawabkeh Akram , Varshavsky Julia R. , Kennedy Winston , Cordero José F. , Velez Vega Carmen M. , Rosario Pabon Zaira Y. , Meeker John D. , Suh Helen
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study investigates associations between fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) exposure and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy in Puerto Rican individuals, a vulnerable population facing socioeconomic and environmental disparities. Methods: This research draws on data from the PROTECT cohort study and involves 1040 participants to measure the effect of PM2.5 on developmentally important thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4, and FT4). Pollution concentrations were linked to participant locations using EPA air quality data and analyzed across two visits during gestational weeks 16–20 and 24–28. Results: The results suggest that PM2.5 exposure is positively associated with maternal T3, T4, and FT4 levels but not TSH. These effects vary by timing, with T3 showing stronger associations later in pregnancy and T4/FT4 earlier. Nonlinear dose–response relationships were observed, suggesting thresholds for certain hormones. Discussion: These findings support previous studies linking altered thyroid hormones to adverse birth outcomes and highlight the potential role of air pollution in disrupting maternal thyroid function and its implications for fetal development, calling for further research into mechanisms and interventions to mitigate these risks.
An Interior Solution for the Kerr Metric: A Novel Approach
Authors: Chou Yu-Ching
Published: January 2025

We present a novel approach for the construction of interior solutions for the Kerr metric, extending J. Ovalle’s foundational work through ellipsoidal coordinate transformations. By deriving a physically plausible interior solution that smoothly matches the Kerr exterior metric, we analyze the energy conditions across various rotation parameters. Our findings reveal anisotropic fluid properties and energy condition behaviors in specific space-time regions, providing insights into the strong-field regime of rotating black holes. The proposed solution offers a more realistic description of rotating black hole interiors, with implications for understanding compact astrophysical objects.
Clinical Features of Human Parvovirus B19-Associated Encephalitis Identified in the Dakar Region, Senegal, and Viral Genome Characterization
Authors: Seye Al Ousseynou , Top Fatou Kiné , Mbanne Maimouna , Diagne Moussa Moise , Faye Ousmane , Sall Amadou Alpha , Dia Ndongo , Heraud Jean-Michel , Faye Martin
Published: January 2025

Neurological manifestations associated with human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections are rare and varied. Acute encephalitis and encephalopathy are the most common, accounting for 38.8% of all neurological manifestations associated with human B19V. Herein, we report on the clinical features of 13 laboratory-confirmed human cases of B19V-associated encephalitis in Senegal in the framework of a hospital-based surveillance of acute viral encephalitis conducted from 2021 to 2023. Overall, B19V was detected from 13 cerebrospinal fluid samples using specific real time PCR. The mean age was 16.7 years among B19V-positive patients, with a higher prevalence in 0–5-year-old children and the sex ratio (male/female) was 2.25. The B19V-positive patients mainly exhibited hypoleukocytosis, normal glycorrhachia, and normal proteinorrachia in the cerebrospinal fluid. While the main neurological symptoms included meningeal and infectious syndromes. Furthermore, three complete B19V genome sequences were successfully characterized using next-generation sequencing. The newly characterized sequences belonged to the genotype 1a and represent, to date, the first complete B19V genome sequences from Senegal. These sequences could be useful not only in future phylodynamic studies of B19V but also in the development of prevention or treatment countermeasures. Our study is noteworthy for the identification of acute B19V-associated encephalitis in Senegal More investigations on the risk factors associated with B19V transmission in Africa are warranted.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage M198 and Its Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Leshkasheli Lika , Kusradze Ia , Bolkvadze Darejan , Askilashvili Lia , Chichashvili Maria , Tsertsvadze Giorgi , Zaldastanishvili Elisabed
Published: January 2025

The rapid worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance is quickly becoming an increasingly concerning problem for human healthcare. Non-antibiotic antibacterial agents are in high demand for many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsiella-targeting phages are among the most promising alternative therapy options. They have already been successfully applied in a number of cases, and it is expected that the need for anti-Klebsiella phages will only increase in the future. This prospect highlights the need for well-characterized therapeutic phages. In this work, we describe a K. pneumoniae phage, which also infects strains of Klebsiella oxytoca. Here, we characterize phage M198 in terms of its biological and genetic properties. Since in some phage therapy cases, phages are administered in combination with antibiotics, here, we also screen for possible synergistic effects of combining phage M198 with six different antibiotics. We found that phage M198 has good lytic activity against clinical isolates; it does not have any indications of a temperate lifestyle, and it has synergistic potential when combined with some therapeutically relevant antibiotics.