bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing and Validating Effects of a Data‐Based Decision‐Making Intervention on Student Growth for Mathematics and Spelling
Authors: Keuning Trynke , van Geel Marieke , Visscher Adrie , Fox Jean‐Paul
Published: September 2019

Data‐based decision making (DBDM) is presumed to improve student performance in elementary schools in all subjects. The majority of studies in which DBDM effects have been evaluated have focused on mathematics. A hierarchical multiple single‐subject design was used to measure effects of a 2‐year training, in which entire school teams learned how to implement and sustain DBDM, in 39 elementary schools. In a multilevel modeling approach, student achievement in mathematics and spelling was analyzed to broaden our understanding of the effects of DBDM interventions. Student achievement data covering the period from August 2010 to July 2014 were retrieved from schools’ student monitoring systems. Student performance on standardized tests was scored on a vertical ability scale per subject for Grades 1 to 6. To investigate intervention effects, linear mixed effect analysis was conducted. Findings revealed a positive intervention effect for both mathematics and spelling. Furthermore, low‐SES students and low‐SES schools benefitted most from the intervention for mathematics.
Role of risk attitude and time preference in preventive aspirin use adherence
Authors: Zhu Jingrong , Shi Yunfeng , Li Jinlin , Zhang Zengbo
Published: September 2019

Background

Poor adherence to medication that is taken chronically for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to occur. Poor adherence is a primary barrier to treatment success and affects not only the patient but also the health care system.

Objective

We aim to explore the impacts of risk attitudes and time preferences on the decisions of patients to begin and comply with aspirin therapy for CVD prevention.

Methods

Three hundred fifty‐seven patients who used low‐dose aspirin for CVD prevention under the guidance of their doctors completed the survey. The risk attitudes and time preferences of the patients were elicited using a multiple price list experiment. Logistic regression models were used to examine the predictors of adherence to aspirin use.

Results

Risk‐seeking behaviours were significantly associated with both nonparticipation (P < .01) and lower compliance (P < .05) in patients. The coefficient for time preference was only significant at the 0.05 level for the decision to initiate aspirin use, which indicated that more impatient patients were less likely to begin with the use of aspirin. Forgetfulness in using aspirin on time and a lack of knowledge (as well as a lack of belief in the use of aspirin) could largely explain the poor adherence to aspirin therapy.

Conclusions

The identification of risk seekers and of those individuals who discount the future to a lesser degree may help providers to formulate tailored strategies to their patients, thus effectively enhancing their adherence to treatment.
The usefulness of bevacizumab for relief from symptomatic malignant ascites in patients with heavily treated recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Shimizu Yusuke , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Yoshida Kosuke , Tamauchi Satoshi , Nakanishi Toru , Kikkawa Fumitaka
Published: August 2019

Aim

Accumulation of ascites fluid is a major obstacle in the late phase of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, there is no consensus on a specific treatment for malignant ascites. The present study evaluated the clinical benefit of half‐dose bevacizumab therapy (7.5 mg/kg every 3–4 weeks).

Methods

This was a single‐arm interventional study performed at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. Four patients with platinum‐resistant epithelial ovarian cancer and symptomatic malignant ascites were no longer considered candidates for standard chemotherapy. As a palliative approach, half‐dose bevacizumab therapy (7.5 mg/kg every 3–4 weeks) was used with informed consent. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

All patients had been heavily pretreated and showed progressive disease. Thus, standard chemotherapy was no longer feasible, and palliative paracentesis for malignant ascites was clinically needed. Among the four patients, three did not require additional paracentesis after bevacizumab therapy, and there were no adverse events. One patient needed paracentesis owing to lymphorrhea.

Conclusion

The use of bevacizumab therapy as a palliative approach for malignant ascites might be an option in patients with terminal‐stage ovarian cancer. However, further evaluation is needed with regard to the possibility of severe side effects and medical expenses.
Melatonin/PGC1A/UCP1 promotes tumor slimming and represses tumor progression by initiating autophagy and lipid browning
Authors: Xiao Wen , Xiong Zhiyong , Xiong Wei , Yuan Changfei , Xiao Haibing , Ruan Hailong , Song Zhengshuai , Wang Cheng , Bao Lin , Cao Qi , Wang Keshan , Cheng Gong , Xu Tianbo , Tong Junwei , Zhou Lijie , Hu Wenjun , Ru Zeyuan , Liu Di , Yang Hongmei , Zhang Xiaoping , Chen Ke
Published: August 2019

Metabolic adaptations are emerging hallmarks of cancer progression and cellular transformation. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a metabolic disease defined histologically by lipid accumulation and lipid storage, which promote tumor cell survival; however, the significance of eliminating the lipid remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melatonin activates transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A (PGC1A) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)‐dependent lipid autophagy and a lipid browning program to elicit a catabolic state called “tumor slimming,” thus suppressing tumor progression. Metabolic coregulator data analysis revealed that PGC1A expression was decreased in ccRCC tissues versus normal tissues, and poor patient outcome was associated with lower expression of PGC1A in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA‐KIRC). PGC1A was downregulated in ccRCC and associated with disease progression. Restoration of PGC1A expression by melatonin in ccRCC cells significantly repressed tumor progression and eliminated the abnormal lipid deposits. Furthermore, a phenomenon called “tumor slimming” was observed, in which tumor cell volume was reduced and lipid droplets transformed into tiny pieces. Additional studies indicated that melatonin promoted “tumor slimming” and suppressed ccRCC progression through PGC1A/UCP1‐mediated autophagy and lipid browning. During this process, autophagy and lipid browning eliminate lipid deposits without providing energy. These studies demonstrate that the novel “tumor slimming” pathway mediated by melatonin/PGC1A/UCP1 exhibits prognostic potential in ccRCC, thus revealing the significance of monitoring and manipulating this pathway for cancer therapy.
Evaluation of the clinical performance of 2 point‐of‐care cryptococcal antigen tests in dogs and cats
Authors: Reagan Krystle L. , McHardy Ian , Thompson George R. , Sykes Jane E.
Published: August 2019

Background

Point‐of‐care (POC)Cryptococcusantigen assays may provide veterinarians with a more rapid, patient‐side diagnosis when compared with traditional laboratory‐based latex agglutination tests.

Objective

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of 2 POC lateral flow cryptococcal serum antigen tests, CrAg LFA (Immy, Norman, OK) and the CryptoPS (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in dogs and cats, using the cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system (CALAS) as the reference standard.

Animals

102 serum samples from 51 dogs and 40 cats.

Methods

Specimens were classified as CALAS‐positive (n = 25) or CALAS‐negative (n = 77). The sensitivity and specificity of each POC assay was calculated by comparing the results to the serologic reference standard results.

Results

The CrAg LFA assay correctly classified 23/25 CALAS‐positive specimens and 69/74 CALAS‐negative specimens resulting in a sensitivity of 92.0% (confidence interval [CI], 75.0%‐98.6%) and specificity of 93.2% (CI, 85.1%‐97.1%). The CryptoPS assay correctly classified 8/10 tested CALAS‐positive specimens and 56/59 tested CALAS‐negative specimens resulting in a sensitivity of 80.0% (CI, 49.0%‐96.5%) and specificity of 94.9% (CI, 86.1%‐98.6%).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

The POC assays appear to be a sensitive and specific alternative to the traditional CALAS assay with more rapid turnaround times, which may result in earlier diagnosis and treatment.
High incidence of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women with recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Lee Ping‐Jui , Kuo Hann‐Chorng
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). One hundred consecutive female patients with recurrent UTIs who underwent videourodynamic study (VUDS) were included. Another 25 women free from recurrent UTIs served as controls. All the underlying diseases, urine analysis and culture results, VUDS findings, and treatment outcomes of voiding dysfunction were carefully reviewed and analyzed. The mean age of the recurrent UTIs patients was 64.0 ± 16.0 years. Storage and voiding dysfunctions were found in 90 (90%) patients, including bladder neck dysfunction in 19 (19%), detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractility in 6 (6%), detrusor overactivity in 5 (5%), detrusor underactivity in 10 (10%), dysfunctional voiding in 25 (25%), hypersensitive bladder in 6 (6%), and poor relaxation of the pelvic floor muscle in 20 (20%). Only 10 (10%) patients had normal urodynamic tracings. Compared with the controls, the recurrent UTI patients had significantly smaller cystometric bladder capacity, lower maximum flow rate, smaller voided volume, higher detrusor pressure, and larger PVR volume. However, only 6 (11.3%) patients with recurrent UTIs were free from subsequent UTIs following individualized treatment for their voiding dysfunction. A high incidence of vide urodynamic LUTD was identified in women with recurrent UTIs. Despite receiving individualized treatments based on their VUDS findings, only a small portion of these patients were subsequently free from UTIs.
Comparative proteomics of stenotopic caddisfly Crunoecia irrorata identifies acclimation strategies to warming
Authors: Ebner Joshua N. , Ritz Danilo , von Fumetti Stefanie
Published: September 2019

Species' ecological preferences are often deduced from habitat characteristics thought to represent more or less optimal conditions for physiological functioning. Evolution has led to stenotopic and eurytopic species, the former having decreased niche breadths and lower tolerances to environmental variability. Species inhabiting freshwater springs are often described as being stenotopic specialists, adapted to the stable thermal conditions found in these habitats. Whether due to past local adaptation these species have evolved or have lost intra‐generational adaptive mechanisms to cope with increasing thermal variability has, to our knowledge, never been investigated. By studying how the proteome of a stenotopic species changes as a result of increasing temperatures, we investigate if the absence or attenuation of molecular mechanisms is indicative of local adaptation to freshwater springs. An understanding of compensatory mechanisms is especially relevant as spring specialists will experience thermal conditions beyond their physiological limits due to climate change. In this study, the stenotopic species Crunoecia irrorata (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae, Curtis 1834) was acclimated to 10, 15 and 20°C for 168 hr. We constructed a homology‐based database and via liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based shotgun proteomics identified 1,358 proteins. Differentially abundant proteins and protein norms of reaction revealed candidate proteins and molecular mechanisms facilitating compensatory responses such as trehalose metabolism, tracheal system alteration and heat‐shock protein regulation. A species‐specific understanding of compensatory physiologies challenges the characterization of species as having narrow tolerances to environmental variability if that characterization is based on occurrences and habitat characteristics alone.
Medical assistance in dying: A political issue for nurses and nursing in Canada
Authors: Banner Davina , Schiller Catharine J. , Freeman Shannon
Published: September 2019

Death and dying are natural phenomena embedded within complex political, cultural and social systems. Nurses often practice at the forefront of this process and have a fundamental role in caring for both patients and those close to them during the process of dying and following death. While nursing has a rich tradition in advancing the palliative and end‐of‐life care movement, new modes of care for patients with serious and irremediable medical conditions arise when assisted death is legalized in a particular jurisdiction. In early 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada released its landmark decision Carter v. Canada (Attorney General) (‘Carter’), which legalized physician‐assisted suicide in particular clinical situations. The new law provided the broad national framework for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) in Canada but, once the law was passed, provincial and territorial governments and health professional regulatory bodies each had to undertake a process of developing policies, procedures and processes to guide MAiD‐related practice specific to their jurisdiction. In this paper, we begin to examine the political ramifications and professional tensions arising from MAiD for nurses and nursing, focusing specifically upon the impacts for registered nurses. We identify how variations in the provincial and territorial literature and regulatory guidelines across Canada have given rise to role confusion and uncertainty among some registered nurses and how this may potentially impact patient care. We then continue to highlight the need for greater political activism among nurses to foster greater clarity in nursing roles in MAiD and to advocate for improved supports for patients and those close to them.
Plasmid evolution in carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae: a review
Authors: Kopotsa Katlego , Osei Sekyere John , Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy
Published: August 2019

Carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been listed by the WHO as high‐priority pathogens owing to their high association with mortalities and morbidities. Resistance to multiple β‐lactams complicates effective clinical management of CRE infections. Using plasmid typing methods, a wide distribution of plasmid replicon groups has been reported in CREs around the world, including IncF, N, X, A/C, L/M, R, P, H, I, and W. We performed a literature search for English research papers, published between 2013 and 2018, reporting on plasmid‐mediated carbapenem resistance. A rise in both carbapenemase types and associated plasmid replicon groups was seen, with China, Canada, and the United States recording a higher increase than other countries. blaKPC was the most prevalent, except in Angola and the Czech Republic, where OXA‐181 (n = 50, 88%) and OXA‐48–like (n = 24, 44%) carbapenemases were most prevalent, respectively; blaKPC‐2/3 accounted for 70% (n = 956) of all reported carbapenemases. IncF plasmids were found to be responsible for disseminating different antibiotic resistance genes worldwide, accounting for almost 40% (n = 254) of plasmid‐borne carbapenemases. blaCTX‐M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA‐1/9, qnr, and aac‐(6′)‐lb were mostly detected concurrently with carbapenemases. Most reported plasmids were conjugative but not present in multiple countries or species, suggesting limited interspecies and interboundary transmission of a common plasmid. A major limitation to effective characterization of plasmid evolution was the use of PCR‐based instead of whole‐plasmid sequencing–based plasmid typing.
Assessment of readability and content of patient‐initiated google search results for epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Jia Justin L. , Nguyen Betty , Sarin Kavita Y.
Published: August 2019

Epidermolysis bullosa describes a group of conditions commonly characterized by fragile skin and blistering of the mucosal membranes. Due to the complex and rare nature of the disease, we sought to evaluate the quality and readability of epidermolysis bullosa information available online. Analysis of the top 50 search results on Google demonstrated that information by non‐dermatologists was of a lower reading level and more accessible when compared to information by dermatologists, even though dermatologist written information was more likely to be useful and medically comprehensive. There is an increasing need for dermatologists to provide useful and medically comprehensive EB information that is accessible to patients and patient families.
Infantile hemangioma of the upper lip and enamel hypoplasia: Two case reports
Authors: Ochando‐Ibernón Gemma , Azaña‐Defez Jose Manuel
Published: August 2019

Segmental infantile hemangiomas related to PHACE syndrome have recently been associated with enamel hypoplasia. We present two cases of solitary, localized upper lip infantile hemangioma with enamel hypoplasia of deciduous teeth.
Risk factors for hyponatremia after hypotonic fluid infusion
Authors: Shirai Yoko , Miura Kenichiro , Shimizu Satoru , Hattori Motoshi , Shimizu Norikazu
Published: August 2019

Background

Hypotonic maintenance i.v. fluids (IVF) pose a higher risk of hyponatremia than isotonic maintenance IVF, but isotonic maintenance IVF can result in excess sodium (Na) load in children. This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors for hyponatremia in children given hypotonic fluids with different Na concentrations and different maintenance rates.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis using medical charts of children aged 3 months–15 years. The children were normonatremic (Na ≥135 mmol/L and <145 mmol/L) before IVF, and given IVF containing 35 mmol/L Na at a 100% maintenance rate (Na 35) or fluids containing 84 mmol/L Na at a 70% maintenance rate (Na 84) for 24–48 h.

Results

Of a total of 463 children, hyponatremia (Na <135 mmol/L) occurred in 46/275 children (17%) given Na 35, and 16/188 (9%) given Na 84 (P = 0.01). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, Na 35 (OR, 2.19; 95%CI: 1.04–4.62), low clinical dehydration scale (CDS) score before IVF (OR, 0.17; 95%CI: 0.06‐0.49), and high body temperature 24–48 h after maintenance IVF (OR, 2.39; 95%CI: 1.79–3.18) were independent risk factors for hyponatremia.

Conclusions

Maintenance IVF with low Na concentration at a 100% maintenance rate, low CDS before IVF, and a high body temperature 24–48 h after maintenance IVF are independent risk factors for hyponatremia.
The Public Health Intervention Wheel in Norway
Authors: Glavin Kari , Schaffer Marjorie A. , Kvarme Lisbeth G.
Published: August 2019

Objective

This study explored experiences Norwegian public health nurses (PHNs) have with using interventions from the Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW).

Design and Sample

The researchers used both quantitative and qualitative measures to explore how Norwegian PHNs use PHIW interventions in their practice. Data were gathered from six focus group meetings with 15 school and 16 family health nurses in Norway.

Method

Instruments included: (a) demographic data form, (b) the Public Health Intervention Questionnaire developed by the researchers, and (c) focus group questions.

Results

Following discussion of PHIW interventions in focus groups, PHNs reported they had a clearer understanding of each intervention and they had performed activities in their practice consistent with each of the Wheel interventions.

Conclusion

Descriptions of the Wheel interventions provided the PHNs with the terminology and language to identify and explain their work in public health nursing practice. Although there are some differences between the United States and Norway in the structure of public health nursing practice, the PHIW is a framework that is applicable to the work of PHNs in Norway.
Association between peri‐conceptional bisphenol A exposure in women and men and time to pregnancy—The HOPE study
Authors: Yeum Dabin , Ju Shinyoung , Cox Kyley J. , Zhang Yue , Stanford Joseph B. , Porucznik Christina A.
Published: August 2019

Background

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a non‐persistent endocrine‐disrupting chemical with nearly ubiquitous, involuntary exposure. Previous studies have shown that BPA causes reproductive dysfunction in animal models, but there are limited data regarding the effects of BPA exposure on time to pregnancy (TTP) in humans.

Objective

To evaluate whether peri‐conceptional BPA exposure of women and men is associated with couples’ TTP.

Methods

A total of 164 heterosexual couples (164 women; 163 men) who have available BPA information as well as time to pregnancy from the Home Observation of Peri‐conceptional Exposures (HOPE) Study were included and were followed up to 12 months. Women collected first‐morning urine samples starting at the beginning of the fertile window and continued until the onset of menses or 18 days after the estimated day of ovulation (EDO+18 days). The time to pregnancy (TTP) after the enrolment was self‐reported and used for the analysis. Discrete‐time Cox proportional hazards models were performed to generate fecundability odds ratio (FOR) between BPA and TTP after adjusting for education and age, accounting for right censoring and prior number of cycles trying to conceive.

Results

Among 164 couples, 125 couples became pregnant during the study. There was no association between TTP and peri‐conceptional BPA exposure for both men (FOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.72, 1.47) and women (FOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.75, 1.53) after adjusting for education and age.

Conclusions

No association was found between peri‐conceptional BPA exposure and fecundability in this preconception cohort of relatively young, healthy pregnancy planners.
COPD exacerbation phenotypes: The next frontier
Authors: Moran Angela , Pavord Ian D.
Published: August 2019

See related Article
Suicide and Personality Traits: A Multicenter Study of Austrian and Italian Psychiatric Patients and Students
Authors: Stefa‐Missagli Stefan , Unterrainer Human‐Friedrich , Giupponi Giancarlo , Holasek Sandra‐Johanna , Kapfhammer Hans‐Peter , Conca Andreas , Sarlo Michela , Erbuto Denise , Rogante Elena , Moujaes‐Droescher Heidrun , Davok Katrin , Berardelli Isabella , Krysinska Karolina , Andriessen Karl , Lester David , Pompili Maurizio
Published: September 2019

Objective

The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the differences in personality traits, particularly Neuroticism, in three clinical samples and three student samples in Austria and Italy and their impact on suicide.

Methods

In total, 1,043 people (410 psychiatric inpatients and 633 university students) were tested in three regions of Europe: central Italy, northeast Italy, and eastern Austria. Psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated using the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale‐B, Symptom‐Checklist‐90‐Standard, and Big Five Inventory.

Results

The study found that the intensity of Suicidal Ideation was associated with the personality traits of Neuroticism, Anxiety, and Extraversion but also with Depression.

Conclusions

In conclusion, without the presence of Depression symptoms, neuroticism was a protective factor against Suicidal Ideation, whereas neuroticism when comorbid with Depression symptoms increased suicide risk in psychiatric patients. In all three regions, the clinical samples had higher scores for Neuroticism and for Depression symptoms than the student sample and consequently higher scores for Suicide. Furthermore, we demonstrated an interaction between gender and culture on personality traits, supporting the hypothesis that the distribution of self‐reported personality traits is organized geographically.
Feature‐assisted stereo correlation
Authors: Thiruselvam N. Iniyan , Subramanian Sankara J.
Published: August 2019

Stereo correlation in digital image correlation (DIC) involves an optimisation problem that is sensitive to initial guess. In practice, this problem is circumvented by manually selecting a pair of points in the two stereo images that guarantees convergence and provides stereo mapping parameter estimates that are used as initial guesses at neighbouring subsets. However, such an approach is not always feasible, especially in the presence of substantial perspective distortions, for example, due to large stereo angles or complexities in specimen geometry. Therefore, it is desirable to provide high‐quality independent initial estimates over the entire region of interest. Recently, SIFT has been used for this purpose, but it fails when perspective distortions are severe. In this work, we investigate seven other feature‐based matching techniques to address this gap. Among these, DeepFlow algorithm provides the highest quality and most spatially uniform initial estimates. Further, we use DeepFlow estimates as initial guesses in a conventional stereo optimisation to compute geometry measures of a specimen in DIC challenge dataset. These geometry measures show excellent agreement with ground truth, further supporting the choice of DeepFlow in stereo correlation.
Phylogeny, character evolution and tribal classification in Crambinae and Scopariinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)
Authors: Léger Théo , Landry Bernard , Nuss Matthias
Published: September 2019

Crambinae (2047 spp.) and Scopariinae (577 spp.) are two major groups of pyraloid moths with a worldwide distribution. Their larvae feed predominantly on Poales and Bryophyta, with many cereal crop pests. We present the first molecular phylogeny of the two groups based on five nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene (total = 4713 bp) sampled for 58 crambine species representing 56 genera and all tribes, 33 scopariine species representing 12 genera, and species in several other crambid lineages. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the molecular data resolve suprageneric relationships in Crambinae and Scopariinae, whereas relationships between these and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. Crambinae and Scopariinae are each recovered as monophyletic groups, and Erupini, formerly regarded as an ingroup of Midilinae, is recovered as a possible sister group of Crambinae. The tree topology suggests the following two major changes within Crambinae: Prionapterygini Landry syn.n. of Ancylolomiini Ragonot stat. rev. and Myelobiini Minet syn.n. of Chiloini Heinemann. Argyriini Munroe is monophyletic after the transfer of Pseudocatharylla Bleszynski and Vaxi Bleszynski to Calamotrophini. Crambini, Diptychophorini and Haimbachiini are monophyletic after the exclusion of Ancylolomia Hübner, Euchromius Guenée, Micrelephas Dognin and Miyakea Marumo from Crambini, as well as Microchilo Okano from Diptychophorini. Euchromiini tribe n. is described for Euchromius. Microcramboides Bleszynski syn.n. and Tortriculladia Bleszynski syn.n. are synonymized with Microcrambus Bleszynski. In Scopariinae, Caradjaina Leraut syn.n. and Cholius Guenée syn.n. are synonymized with Scoparia Haworth, and, in addition, Dasyscopa Meyrick syn.n., Dipleurinodes Leraut syn.n. and Eudipleurina Leraut syn.n. are synonymized with Eudonia Billberg. Micraglossa melanoxantha (Turner) (Scoparia) comb.n. is proposed as a new combination. We analysed 27 morphological characters of wing venation, tympanal organs, male and female genitalia, as well as host plant data and egg‐laying behaviour. The ancestral character‐state reconstructions confirmed previous apomorphies and highlighted new apomorphies for some of the newly recovered clades. The derived, nonadhesive egg‐dropping behaviour is found to have evolved at least twice in Crambinae and is associated with the use of Pooideae as host plants.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1A84282D‐930A‐4C32‐8340‐D681BFF27A12.
Performance evaluation and validation of the Animal Trauma Triage score and modified Glasgow Coma Scale in injured cats: A Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study
Authors: Lapsley Janis , Hayes Galina M. , Sumner Julia P.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To examine the Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) and modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) scores as predictors of mortality in injured cats.

Design

Observational cohort study conducted September 2013 to March 2015.

Setting

Nine Level I and II veterinary trauma centers.

Animals

Consecutive sample of 711 cats reported on the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) case registry.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

We compared the predictive power (area under receiver operating characteristic curve; AUROC) and calibration of the ATT and mGCS scores to their components. Overall mortality risk was 16.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.9‐19.4). Head trauma prevalence was 11.8% (n = 84). The ATT score showed a linear relationship with mortality risk. Discriminatory performance of the ATT score was excellent (AUROC = 0.87 [95% CI, 0.84‐0.90]). Each ATT score increase of 1 point was associated with an increase in mortality odds of 1.78 (95% CI, 1.61‐1.97, P < 0.001). The eye/muscle/integument category of the ATT showed the lowest discrimination (AUROC = 0.60). When this component, skeletal, and cardiac components were omitted from score calculation, there was no loss in discriminatory capacity compared with the full score (AUROC = 0.86 vs 0.87, respectively, P = 0.66). The mGCS showed fair performance overall for prediction of mortality, but the point estimate of performance improved when restricted to head trauma patients (AUROC = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.70‐0.80 vs AUROC = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.70‐0.90). The motor component of the mGCS showed the best predictive performance (AUROC = 0.71); however, the full score performed better than the motor component alone (P = 0.004). When assessment was restricted to patients with head injury (n = 84), there was no difference in performance between the ATT and mGCS scores (AUROC = 0.82 vs 0.80, P = 0.67).

Conclusion

On a large, multicenter dataset of feline trauma patients, the ATT score showed excellent discrimination and calibration for predicting mortality; however, an abbreviated score calculated from the perfusion, respiratory, and neurologic categories showed equivalent performance.
Origins and relationships of the Pleuronectoidei: Molecular and morphological analysis of living and fossil taxa
Authors: Campbell Matthew A. , Chanet Bruno , Chen Jhen‐Nien , Lee Mao‐Ying , Chen Wei‐Jen
Published: August 2019

Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) are a species‐rich and distinct group of fishes characterized by cranial asymmetry. Flatfishes occupy a wide diversity of habitats, including the tropical deep‐sea and freshwaters, and often are small‐bodied fishes. Most scientific effort, however, has been focused on large‐bodied temperate marine species important in fisheries. Phylogenetic study of flatfishes has also long been limited in scope and focused on the placement and monophyly of flatfishes. As a result, several questions in systematic biology have persisted that molecular phylogenetic study can answer. We examine the Pleuronectoidei, the largest suborder of Pleuronectiformes with >99% of species diversity of the order, in detail with a multilocus nuclear and mitochondrial data set of 57 pleuronectoids from 13 families covering a wide range of habitats. We combine the molecular data with a morphological matrix to construct a total evidence phylogeny that places fossil flatfishes among extant lineages. Utilizing a time‐calibrated phylogeny, we examine the timing of diversification, area of origin and ancestral temperature preference of Pleuronectoidei. We find polyphyly or paraphyly of two flatfish families, the Paralichthyidae and the Rhombosoleidae, and support the creation of two additional families—Cyclopsettidae and Oncopteridae—to resolve their non‐monophyletic status. Our findings also support the distinctiveness of Paralichthodidae and refine the placement of that lineage. Despite a core fossil record in Europe, the observed recent diversity of pleuronectoids in the Indo‐West Pacific is most likely a result of the Indo‐West Pacific being the area of origin for pleuronectoids and the ancestral temperature preference of flatfishes is most likely tropical.
Research and Field Application of the Axial-Torsional Coupled Percussion Drilling Technology
Authors: Mu Zongjie , Li Gensheng , Huang Zhongwei , Li Jingbin , Song Hengyu
Published: September 2019

Enhancing the rate of penetration (ROP) is one of the goals pursued by the oil and gas drilling industry. It has been proved that percussion drilling is a feasible method to increase drilling efficiency. However, single percussion drilling technology (axial percussion or torsional percussion) cannot cater to the current needs. This paper proposed a new technology/tool called the axial-torsional coupled percussion drilling, which can use the advantages of the percussion drilling in a better way. Mechanical structure and working principle of this tool were first introduced in detail and the theoretical analysis of the impact force and the impact frequency were then conducted. It was found that both the axial impact force and the torsional impact force are in direct proportion to the fluid density and are in direct proportion to the square of the pump rate. Both the axial impact frequency and the torsional impact frequency are in direct proportion to the pump rate and are in direct proportion to the square root of the fluid density. Subsequently, a laboratory experiment was conducted to verify the above theoretical results. The tools were applied to the oil field in Xin Jiang province, China. Field application results indicate that the penetration rate of the test well is averagely 1.6–3.3 times as fast as that of the adjacent well.
Coherent virtual absorption of elastodynamic waves
Authors: Trainiti G. , Ra'di Y. , Ruzzene M. , Alù A.
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate coherent virtual absorption of elastodynamic waves exciting a suitably designed waveguide cavity in an elastic bar.
The case for strategic and managed climate retreat
Authors: Siders A.R. , Hino Miyuki , Mach Katharine J.
Published: September 2019

Why, where, when, and how should communities relocate?
CRISPR propels a smart hydrogel
Authors: Han Da , Li Juan , Tan Weihong
Published: September 2019

The DNA hydrogel displays an enhanced response to target nucleic acid sequences
A roadmap for malaria research
Authors: Winzeler Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2019

Single-cell profiling of parasite species provides an atlas of life cycle–coordinated gene expression
Lack of Activation Marker Induction and Chemokine Receptor Switch in Human Neonatal Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Response to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Le Nouën Cyril , Hillyer Philippa , Levenson Eric , Martens Craig , Rabin Ronald L. , Collins Peter L. , Buchholz Ursula J.
Published: August 2019

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes disease early in life and can reinfect symptomatically throughout life without undergoing significant antigenic change. In contrast, reinfection by influenza A virus (IAV) requires antigenic change. The adaptive immune response depends on antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DC). We used myeloid DC (mDC) from cord blood and adult blood donors to evaluate whether immunological immaturity contributes to the inability to mount a fully protective immune response to RSV. While IAV induced some activation and chemokine receptor switching in cord blood mDC, RSV did not. This appeared to be due to a lack of activation and a weak and mostly reversible inhibition of DC functions. Both viruses induced a stronger activation of mDC from adults than mDC from cord blood. Thus, inefficient stimulation of mDC by RSV and immunological immaturity may contribute to reduced immune responses and increased susceptibility to RSV disease and reinfection in young infants.
Host Cytoskeleton Remodeling throughout the Blood Stages of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Warncke Jan D. , Beck Hans-Peter
Published: September 2019

The asexual intraerythrocytic development of
Plasmodium falciparum
, causing the most severe form of human malaria, is marked by extensive host cell remodeling. Throughout the processes of invasion, intracellular development, and egress, the erythrocyte membrane skeleton is remodeled by the parasite as required for each specific developmental stage.
Pasteurella multocida: Genotypes and Genomics
Authors: Peng Zhong , Wang Xiangru , Zhou Rui , Chen Huanchun , Wilson Brenda A. , Wu Bin
Published: September 2019

Pasteurella multocida
is a highly versatile pathogen capable of causing infections in a wide range of domestic and wild animals as well as in humans and nonhuman primates. Despite over 135 years of research, the molecular basis for the myriad manifestations of
P. multocida
pathogenesis and the determinants of
P. multocida
phylogeny remain poorly defined.
Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami
Authors: Williams Rebecca , Rowley Pete , Garthwaite Matthew C.
Published: August 2019

Volcanogenic tsunamis are one of the deadliest volcanic phenomena. Understanding their triggering processes, and mitigating their effect, remains a major challenge. On 22 December 2018, flank failure of the Anak Krakatau volcano in Indonesia generated a tsunami that killed more than 400 people. This event was captured in unprecedented detail by high-resolution satellite imagery and eyewitness accounts. Here we combine historic observations with these recent data to—for the first time—interpret the internal architecture of Anak Krakatau, and reconstruct the failure, tsunamigenesis, and regrowth processes observed. We calculate the volume of material initially lost from the volcano flank failure and find that it was relatively small (∼0.1 km3) compared to the overall changes observed during the entire eruption, but it was nonetheless able to generate rapid tsunami waves with devastating impacts. The flank failure also changed the eruption style and the upper volcanic plumbing system, with the subsequent explosive eruptions destroying the summit and then partially rebuilding the lost flank. The nature of the flank failure was controlled by the internal structure of the island, and—although regrowth rate will be a primary control on flank failure intervals— the reconfiguring of the volcano’s internal vent network is likely to have re-stabilized it in the medium term. The findings demonstrate that hazard assessments at ocean islands must consider that even small flank failures, during unexceptional eruptions, can have catastrophic consequences.
Cost analysis of insulin degludec in comparison with insulin detemir in treatment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the UK
Authors: Thalange Nandu , Gundgaard Jens , Parekh Witesh , Tutkunkardas Deniz
Published: September 2019

Objective

With healthcare systems under increasing financial pressure from costs associated with diabetes care, it is important to assess which treatments provide clinical benefits and represent best value. This study evaluated the annual costs of insulin degludec (degludec) versus insulin detemir (IDet) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the UK.

Research design and methods

Using data from a randomized, treat-to-target, non-inferiority trial—BEGIN YOUNG 1—annual costs with degludec versus IDet in children and adolescents aged 1–17 years with T1D were estimated, as costs of these insulins and hyperglycemia with ketosis events. Analyses by age group (1–5, 6–11 and 12–17 years) and scenario (no ketosis benefit, no dose benefit, hyperglycemia with ketones >0.6 and >3.0 mmol/L and the additional costs of twice-daily IDet in 64% of patients) were also performed.

Results

The mean annual cost per patient was estimated as £235.16 for degludec vs £382.91 for IDet, resulting in an annual saving of £147.75 per patient. These substantial cost savings were driven by relative reductions in the frequency of hyperglycemia with ketosis and basal insulin dose with degludec versus IDet. Annual savings in favor of degludec were observed across each age group (£122.63, £140.59 and £172.50 for 1–5, 6–11 and 12–17 years age groups, respectively). Five scenario analyses further demonstrated the robustness of the results, which included no ketosis or dose benefits in favor of degludec.

Conclusions

Degludec provides appreciable annual cost savings compared with IDet in children and adolescents with T1D in a UK setting. While a cost-effectiveness analysis could incorporate the health impact of treatment complications better than the present cost analysis, the strong generalizability of the data from this study suggests that degludec can help healthcare providers to maximize health outcomes despite increasingly stringent budgets.
Comparative evaluation of minimally invasive ‘tibial tuberoplasty’ surgical technique versus conventional open surgery for Schatzker II–III tibial plateau fractures: design of a multicentre, randomised, controlled and blinded trial (TUBERIMPACT study)
Authors: Vendeuvre Tanguy , Monlezun Olivier , Brandet Claire , Ingrand Pierre , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Gayet Louis-Etienne , Germaneau Arnaud , Khiami Frederic , Roulaud Manuel , Herpe Guillaume , Rigoard Philippe
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Fractures of the tibial plateau are in constant progression. They affect an elderly population suffering from a number of comorbidities, but also a young population increasingly practicing high-risk sports. The conventional open surgical technique used for tibial plateau fractures has several pitfalls: bone and skin devascularisation, increased risks of infection and functional rehabilitation difficulties. Since 2011, Poitiers University Hospital is offering to its patients a new minimally invasive technique for the reduction and stabilisation of tibial plateau fractures, named ‘tibial tuberoplasty’. This technique involves expansion of the tibial plateau through inflation using a kyphoplasty balloon, filling of the fracture cavity with cement and percutaneous screw fixation. We designed a study to evaluate the quality of fracture reduction offered by percutaneous tuberoplasty versus conventional open surgery for tibial plateau fracture and its impact on clinical outcome.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing two surgical techniques in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. 140 patients with a Schatzker II or III tibial plateau fracture will be recruited in France. They will be randomised either in tibial tuberoplasty arm or in conventional surgery arm. The primary outcome is the postoperative radiological step-off reduction blindly measured on CT scan (within 48 hours post-op). Additional outcomes include other radiological endpoints, pain, functional abilities, quality of life assessment and health-economic endpoints. Outcomes assessment will be performed at baseline (before surgery), at day 0 (surgery), at 2, 21, 45 days, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postsurgery.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the ethics committee Ile-De-France X and will be conducted in accordance with current Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, Declaration of Helsinki and standard operating procedures. The results will be disseminated through presentation at scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

Clinicaltrial.gov:NCT03444779.
Early point-of-care focused echocardiographic asystole as a predictive factor for absence of return of spontaneous circulatory in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a study protocol for a prospective, multicentre observational study
Authors: Javaudin François , Pes Philippe , Montassier Emmanuel , Legrand Arnaud , Ordureau Aline , Volteau Christelle , Arnaudet Idriss , Le Conte Philippe
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in France is performed by a particular prehospital system based on medicalisation of mobile intensive care units composed of an emergency physician and a nurse with all the required devices for advanced care. It follows the European recommendations which advocate for the use of early point-of-care focused echocardiography (EPOCE) in the prehospital setting. An ability of EPOCE may be to predict the absence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in cases of absence of cardiac motion. We thus intended to investigate this predictive value with a prospective multicentre study. This paper describes the study protocol, while the first patients were recruited in December 2018.

Methods

ACE is a prospective multicentre (n=8) prognostic study. Briefly, as soon as OHCA is diagnosed and advanced life support (ALS) is initiated, EPOCE will be performed during the automated external defibrillator’ analysis period. The physician will assess detectable motion within the heart and reversible causes of OHCA. However, as the prognostic value of absence of cardiac motion is not currently validated, the results of EPOCE will not be used to withdraw ALS, and the decision to withdraw life support will be done following the European Resuscitation Council recommendations during our study.

Analysis

The primary endpoint is the positive predictive value of absence of cardiac motion for the absence of final ROSC. The secondary endpoints are predictive characteristics of EPOCE asystole on morbimortality 30 days after OHCA, description of reversible cause and analysis of the EPOCE technique.

Ethics and dissemination

ACE was approved by an ethical committee (2018-AO1491-54). While ACE is adapted to the French prehospital system, its results will be translatable to other organisations if inter-rater variability is not found.

Trial registration number

NCT03494153.
Changing conversations in primary care for patients living with chronic conditions: pilot and feasibility study of the ICAN Discussion Aid
Authors: Boehmer Kasey R , Dobler Claudia C , Thota Anjali , Branda Megan , Giblon Rachel , Behnken Emma , Organick Paige , Allen Summer V , Shaw Kevin , Montori Victor M
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To pilot test the impact of the ICAN Discussion Aid on clinical encounters.

Methods

A pre–post study involving 11 clinicians and 100 patients was conducted at two primary care clinics within a single health system in the Midwest. The study examined clinicians’ perceptions about ICAN feasibility, patients’ and clinicians’ perceptions about encounter success, videographic differences in encounter topics, and medication adherence 6 months after an ICAN encounter.

Results

39/40 control encounters and 45/60 ICAN encounters yielded usable data. Clinicians reported ICAN use was feasible. In ICAN encounters, patients discussed diet, being active and taking medications more. Clinicians scored themselves poorer regarding visit success than their patients scored them; this effect was more pronounced in ICAN encounters. ICAN did not improve 6-month medication adherence or lengthen visits.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that using ICAN in primary care is feasible, efficient and capable of modifying conversations. With lessons learned in this pilot, we are conducting a randomised trial of ICAN versus usual care in diverse clinical settings.

Trial registration number

NCT02390570.