bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monoethanolamine Oleate Sclerotherapy for Polycystic Liver Disease
Authors: Takita Masahiro , Iwanishi Mina , Minami Tomohiro , Kono Masashi , Chishina Hirokazo , Arizumi Tadaaki , Yada Norihisa , Hagiwara Satoru , Minami Yasunori , Ida Hiroshi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Naoshi Nishida , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2016

Objective: The objective of treatment for polycystic liver disease is to reduce the liver volume and reduce or resolve compression symptoms such as abdominal fullness and abdominal pain due to hepatomegaly. Liver cysts are treated internally by puncture and aspiration of the cyst contents or hepatic artery embolization and surgically by cyst fenestration or hepatectomy, but no clear consensus has been reached concerning their selection. We introduced monoethanolamine oleate (EO) sclerotherapy therapy for liver cysts in 1999 and reported its effectiveness. In this study, cases were added, and the results including those of long-term follow-up were evaluated. Subjects: Twenty-two patients (5 males and 17 females, mean age 65.2) who underwent EO infusion therapy for liver cysts between January 1999 and June 2011 were evaluated. Methods: Liver cysts were punctured under ultrasound guidance, and a 7Fr pigtail catheter was inserted. After aspirating the cyst contents, EO was infused, and a clamp was applied for 24 h. Then, the catheter was declamped, cyst contents were aspirated again, and the catheter was removed. After the treatment, the cyst size was measured, and the patients were followed up. Results: Eight simple cysts in 8 patients (simple cyst group) and 21 cysts in 14 patients with multiple cysts (polycystic liver disease group) were treated and followed up over a median of 78 months (0-203 months). The mean volume reduction rate was 99% in the simple cyst group and 91% in the polycystic liver disease group (p = 0.04). One procedural accident resulting in liver abscess formation was observed in 1 patient 1 week after discharge, and it required drain placement and antibiotic administration. While mild abdominal pain was observed in a few patients, it was resolved spontaneously under observation. Conclusion: EO infusion therapy achieves fairly high treatment response in the volume reduction (99%) and sustained shrinkage over long-term follow-up. Therefore, this is a breakthrough technique in the treatment of polycystic liver disease as well as simple cyst and should be a standard of care in the treatment of this disease.
Validation of Kinki Criteria, a Modified Substaging System, in Patients with Intermediate Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Arizumi Tadaaki , Ueshima Kazuomi , Iwanishi Mina , Minami Tomohiro , Chishina Hirokazu , Kono Masashi , Takita Masahiro , Kitai Satoshi , Inoue Tatsuo , Yada Norihisa , Hagiwara Satoru , Minami Yasunori , Ida Hiroshi , Sakurai Toshiharu , Kitano Masayuki , Nishida Naoshi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2016

Background: The standard treatment option that is available for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, the condition of the patients with BCLC stage B disease is heterogeneous showing different tumor statuses and Child-Pugh scores; treatment strategies other than TACE are frequently employed for the patients in this stage. Based on the subclassification system proposed by Bolondi et al. [Semin Liver Dis 2012;32:348-359], we developed the Kinki criteria focusing on a substaging for BCLC stage B disease, which is simpler and should be more suitable in actual clinical setting in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Kinki criteria. Summary: This study included 1,633 HCC patients who received first-line treatment at the Kindai University Hospital. Patients were classified into subgroups based on the Kinki criteria and the survival time was estimated for each group. There were 156 (33.3%) patients in subclass B1, 278 (59.3%) in B2, and 35 (7.4%) in B3. The median overall survival times and 95% CI for BCLC B subclasses B1, B2, and B3 were 4.3 years (3.7-4.9), 2.9 years (2.2-3.4), and 1.1 years (0.5-1.8), respectively (p < 0.001). Key Messages: Classification of HCC patients in BCLC stage B based on the Kinki criteria showed statistically significant differences in survival, indicating the performance of Kinki criteria, which takes Child-Pugh score and tumor status into account for determining treatment options for HCC in BCLC stage B.
Radiofrequency Ablation Guided by Contrast-Enhanced Sonography versus B-Mode Sonography for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Kawasaki Toshihiko , Hata Kan-yun , Kinoshita Daisuke , Takayama Masaki , Okuda Hideyuki , Mizuno Shigeto , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2016

Purpose: Contrast-enhanced sonography increases negative enhancement in the Kupffer phase after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We compared contrast-enhanced sonography with B-mode sonography for guidance of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of HCC after TACE. Methods: After TACE was performed, 18 nodules in 12 patients were treated by B-mode sonography guided RFA, while 22 nodules in 18 patients were treated by contrast-enhanced sonography-guided RFA. Results: The success rate of initial RFA was 83.3% (15/18 nodules) in the B-mode sonography group. On the other hand, the success rate was 100% (22/22 nodules) in the contrast-enhanced sonography group and the difference was significant (p = 0.046). Conclusion: These findings suggest that RFA guided by Kupffer phase contrast-enhanced sonography after TACE is a promising therapeutic option for curing HCC.
Impact of Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 and TWIST Expression on Postoperative Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nagai Tomoyuki , Arao Tokuzo , Nishio Kazuto , Matsumoto Kazuko , Hagiwara Satoru , Sakurai Toshiharu , Minami Yasunori , Ida Hiroshi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Nishida Naoshi , Sakai Kazuko , Saijo Nagahiro , Kudo Kanae , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Tamura Daisuke , Aomatsu Keiichi , Kimura Hideharu , Fujita Yoshihiko , Haji Seiji , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2016

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to play a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the impact of EMT on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. In this study, we examined the relationship between the expression of EMT markers and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in HCC patients after hepatic resection. Summary: The mRNA expression of 15 genes related to EMT was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cancerous tissues from 72 patients who underwent hepatic resection of HCC between January 2005 and December 2010 at our hospital. The upregulation of TWIST and the downregulation of tight junction protein ZO-1 (TJP1) were significantly associated with shorter RFS as well as OS. Increased levels of TWIST and decreased levels of TJP1 should be predictive markers for poor prognosis in patients with HCC after hepatectomy; those could serve as potential biomarkers for the treatment of HCC. Key Messages: A low level of TJP1 and high level of TWIST expression were prognostic factors predicting HCC after hepatic resection.
Clinical Significance of Epigenetic Alterations in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Association with Genetic Mutations
Authors: Nishida Naoshi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2016

Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations is a hallmark of cancer genomes, including those in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Particularly, in human HCC, epigenetic changes are more frequently observed than genetic changes in a variety of cancer-related genes, suggesting a potential role for epigenetic alterations during hepatocarcinogenesis. Several environmental factors, such as inflammation, obesity, and steatosis, are reported to affect the epigenetic status in hepatocytes, which could play a role in HCC development. In addition, genetic mutations in histone modulators and chromatin regulators would be critical for the acceleration of epigenetic alteration. It is also possible that major genetic mutations of HCC, such as TP53 and CNTTB1 mutations, are associated with the disturbance of epigenetic integrity. For example, specific TP53 mutations frequently induced by aflatoxin B1 exposure might affect histone modifiers and nucleosome remodelers. Generally, epigenetic alteration is reversible, because of which dysregulation of transcription takes place, without affecting protein structure. Therefore, differentiation therapy is one of the potential approaches for HCC with advanced epigenetic alterations. On the other hand, a tumor carrying an accumulation of genetic mutations would result in many abnormal proteins that could be recognized as non-self and could be targets for immune reactions; thus, immune-checkpoint blockers should be effective for HCCs with genetic hypermutation. Although the emergence of genetic and epigenetic alterations could be linked to each other and there could be some crossover or convergence between these cancer pathways, characterization of the mutation spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations could influence future HCC treatment.
Temporal Profile of Circulating microRNAs after Global Hypoxia-Ischemia in Newborn Piglets
Authors: Garberg Håvard Tetlie , Huun Marianne U. , Baumbusch Lars O. , Åsegg-Atneosen Monica , Solberg Rønnaug , Saugstad Ola Didrik
Published: October 2016

Background: There is a lack of reliable biomarkers that can identify and grade acute hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborns. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, non-coding strands of RNA that are released into the circulation in response to tissue stress and injury. Some miRNAs are highly tissue specific and thus may potentially be non-invasive biomarkers of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal expression of selected circulating miRNAs in a clinically relevant piglet model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Methods: A total of 13 anesthetized newborn piglets were randomized to either a control group (n = 5) or transient global HI group (n = 8). HI was achieved by ventilation with 8% oxygen until the point of severe acidosis (arterial base excess ≤-20 mmol/l) and/or hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure ≤20 mm Hg) was reached. Plasma was sampled at baseline, at the end of HI and 0.5, 3.5 and 9.5 h after HI. MiRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Results: Compared to baseline, miR-374a increased during HI (p = 0.01), remained elevated at 0.5 h after HI (p = 0.02) and was downregulated at 9.5 h after HI (p = 0.02). MiR-210 increased during HI (p = 0.02) and rapidly normalized by 0.5 h after HI. MiR-124 and miR-125b did not exhibit significant alterations. Correlations were observed between miR-374a, arterial pH, base excess and lactate levels, and between miR-210 and pO2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our data suggest that miR-374a and miR-210 are important regulators in neonatal HI and might have a place as biomarkers in this setting.
Capecitabine-Induced Coronary Vasospasm
Authors: Henry Danish , Rudzik Francine , Butts Allison , Mathew Aju
Published: October 2016

Capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is approved for early-stage and advanced colorectal cancer and metastatic breast cancer. Cardiotoxicity of 5-FU is well described in the literature. However, cardiac adverse effects of capecitabine are poorly described. We report a case of coronary vasospasm induced by capecitabine. A 41-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer presented with chest pain 3 days after starting capecitabine. The chest pain was relieved by rest and exacerbated by exertion. Her physical examination was unremarkable except for a rapid heart rate of 100 bpm. Electrocardiogram test showed no acute ischemic changes. Troponin tests were negative. CT angiography of the chest was negative for acute pulmonary embolism. An echocardiogram showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 60% without any wall motion abnormalities. The chest pain resolved with aspirin and analgesic use. She was discharged following an inconclusive cardiac workup. Further use of capecitabine was discontinued.
Metastatic Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Responsive to Pazopanib after Progression through Sunitinib and Bevacizumab: Two Cases
Authors: Read William L. , Williams Felicia
Published: October 2016

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for lung metastases and indolent progression. ASPS is not responsive to chemotherapy, but there are case reports and small series describing benefit from drugs targeting the VEGF pathway. These drugs include sunitinib, cediranib and bevacizumab. There is no established second-line treatment for persons with ASPS progressing through first-line targeted therapy. We report two individuals with metastatic ASPS who obtained disease stabilization from sunitinib lasting over a year. After subsequent progression through sunitinib and second-line bevacizumab, both individuals again had disease response and subsequent stabilization from pazopanib.
Toward a Theory of Stuttering
Authors: Mawson Anthony R. , Radford Nola T. , Jacob Binu
Published: October 2016

Stuttering affects about 1% of the general population and from 8 to 11% of children. The onset of persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) typically occurs between 2 and 4 years of age. The etiology of stuttering is unknown and a unifying hypothesis is lacking. Clues to the pathogenesis of stuttering include the following observations: PDS is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and birth-associated trauma; stuttering can recur or develop in adulthood following traumatic events such as brain injury and stroke; PDS is associated with structural and functional abnormalities in the brain associated with speech and language; and stuttering resolves spontaneously in a high percentage of affected children. Evidence marshaled from the literature on stuttering and from related sources suggests the hypothesis that stuttering is a neuro-motor disorder resulting from perinatal or later-onset hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII), and that chronic stuttering and its behavioral correlates are manifestations of recurrent transient ischemic episodes affecting speech-motor pathways. The hypothesis could be tested by comparing children who stutter and nonstutterers (controls) in terms of the occurrence of perinatal trauma, based on birth records, and by determining rates of stuttering in children exposed to HII during the perinatal period. Subject to testing, the hypothesis suggests that interventions to increase brain perfusion directly could be effective both in the treatment of stuttering and its prevention at the time of birth or later trauma.
Transcranial Sonography and DaTSCAN in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor
Authors: Jesus-Ribeiro Joana , Freire António , Sargento-Freitas João , Sousa Mário , Silva Fernando , Moreira Fradique , Cunha Maria João , Walter Uwe , Januário Cristina
Published: October 2016

Background: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) can sometimes be a challenge in the early stages of the disease. Both transcranial sonography (TCS) and DaTSCAN are recommended as auxiliary examinations for the differential diagnosis of PD; however, only few data exist regarding their diagnostic accuracy in the early stage of PD and essential tremor (ET). Methods: We evaluated patients with clinically suspected diagnosis of PD at early stages (Hoehn and Yahr ≤2) or ET. All patients underwent DaTSCAN and TCS with a maximum interval of 6 months. Final diagnosis was established after 1-year follow-up. Results: From the 63 patients recruited, 3 were excluded due to transcranial insonability and 2 for uncertain clinical diagnosis. The final clinical diagnosis was ET in 44.8% and PD in 55.2%. Compared to clinical diagnosis of PD, TCS had a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 96.2%; DaTSCAN sensitivity was 84.4% and specificity was 96.2%. Both diagnostic tests demonstrated a substantial level of agreement (Cohen's kappa coefficient: 0.83, 95% CI 0.68-0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusion: TCS and DaTSCAN have similar diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of early stage PD versus ET.
Trois passages difficiles liés à la gnose chez Plotin
Authors: Ferroni Lorenzo
Published: October 2016

Abstract

This work examines three difficult Plotinian passages, i.e. 33 (2.9) 13.25-33, 33 (2.9) 9.80 and 30 (3.8) 9.29-32. In the first passage, a correct grammatical analysis of the text clarifies the sense of the philosophical argumentation; in the second passage, it is necessary to change the text established by Henry and Schwyzer and choose the reading of a different manuscript; in the third passage, it seems inevitable to modify by conjecture the text of the medieval manuscripts.
In Search of ‘Fresh Expressions of Believing’ for a Mission-shaped Church
Authors: Williams John A
Published: October 2016

This article argues that the contemporary renewal of religious life requires that ‘fresh expressions of church’ must also and equally encourage ‘fresh expressions of believing’. The first part draws on the Schleiermacher tradition to lay out the groundwork for the kind of approach to theology that might allow such fresh expressions to begin to emerge: a theology founded in experience, shaped and formed relationally, and intrinsically reflective and critical. The second part of the article identifies some ecclesial models that could be hospitable to the nurture of fresh expressions of believing, and proposes resources drawing on traditions of mysticism, of praxis, and of deconstruction. Churches may form their identity around a mission to deepen and radicalise personal and corporate spirituality, collaborative social praxis for justice and neighbourhood renewal, or experimental postmodern styles of gathering, culturally eclectic but institutionally minimalist.
The Church – Towards a Common Vision: A Roman Catholic Response
Authors: McPartlan Paul
Published: October 2016

The article offers a Roman Catholic response to the Faith and Order convergence text, The Church – Towards a Common Vision (2013). It considers that the text is greatly to be welcomed. The document broadly reflects the ecclesiological understanding of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly with regard to the Church as participating in trinitarian communion, as essentially missionary, as sign and servant (sacrament) of God’s transformational plan of salvation, as existing at three levels, local, regional and universal, at each of which both synodality and primacy are needed, and as committed to the promotion of justice and peace. However, its understanding of ordained ministry, and of the visible structures of the Church, is still weak. The document outlines a Church which, while there is ecumenical agreement regarding many of its elements, is still not firmly held together for its effective existence in the world by a clear structure of ministry.
A Linear Decomposition of the Southern Ocean Thermohaline Structure
Authors: Pauthenet Etienne , Roquet Fabien , Madec Gurvan , Nerini David
Published: October 2016

The thermohaline structure of the Southern Ocean is deeply influenced by the presence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), where water masses of the World Ocean are advected, transformed, and redistributed to the other basins. It remains a challenge to describe and visualize the complex 3D pattern of this circulation and its associated tracer distribution. Here, a simple framework is presented to analyze the Southern Ocean thermohaline structure. A functional principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to temperature θ and salinity S profiles to determine the main spatial patterns of their variations. Using the Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE), this study determines the vertical modes describing the Southern Ocean thermohaline structure between 5 and 2000 m. The first two modes explain 92% of the combined θ–S variance, thus providing a surprisingly good approximation of the thermohaline properties in the Southern Ocean. The first mode (72% of total variance) accurately describes the north–south property gradients. The second mode (20%) mostly describes salinity at 500 m in the region of Antarctic Intermediate Water formation. These two modes present circumpolar patterns that can be closely related with standard frontal definitions. By projecting any given hydrographic profile onto the SOSE-based modes, it is possible to determine its position relative to the fronts. The projection is successfully applied on the hydrographic profiles of the WOCE SR3 section. The Southern Ocean thermohaline decomposition provides an objective way to define water mass boundaries and their spatial variability and has useful application for comparing model output with observations.
Eddy Generation and Jet Formation via Dense Water Outflows across the Antarctic Continental Slope
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: October 2016

Along various stretches of the Antarctic margins, dense Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) escapes its formation sites and descends the continental slope. This export necessarily raises the isopycnals associated with lighter density classes over the continental slope, resulting in density surfaces that connect the near-freezing waters of the continental shelf to the much warmer circumpolar deep water (CDW) at middepth offshore. In this article, an eddy-resolving process model is used to explore the possibility that AABW export enhances shoreward heat transport by creating a pathway for CDW to access the continental shelf without doing any work against buoyancy forces. In the absence of a net alongshore pressure gradient, the shoreward CDW transport is effected entirely by mesoscale and submesoscale eddy transfer. Eddies are generated partly by instabilities at the pycnocline, sourcing their energy from the alongshore wind stress, but primarily by instabilities at the CDW–AABW interface, sourcing their energy from buoyancy loss on the continental shelf. This combination of processes induces a vertical convergence of eddy kinetic energy and alongshore momentum into the middepth CDW layer, sustaining a local maximum in the eddy kinetic energy over the slope and balancing the Coriolis force associated with the shoreward CDW transport. The resulting slope turbulence self-organizes into a series of alternating along-slope jets with strongly asymmetrical contributions to the slope energy and momentum budgets. Cross-shore variations in the potential vorticity gradient cause the jets to drift continuously offshore, suggesting that fronts observed in regions of AABW down-slope flow may in fact be transient features.
Survey design for coal-scale 3D-PS seismic reflection
Authors: Strong Shaun , Hearn Steve
Published: October 2016

Survey design for converted-wave (PS) reflection is more complicated than for standard P-wave surveys, due to raypath asymmetry and increased possibility of phase distortion. Coal-scale PS surveys (depth [Formula: see text]) require particular consideration, partly due to the particular physical properties of the target (low density and low velocity). Finite-difference modeling provides a pragmatic evaluation of the likely distortion due to inclusion of postcritical reflections. If the offset range is carefully chosen, then it may be possible to incorporate high-amplitude postcritical reflections without seriously degrading the resolution in the stack. Offsets of up to three times target depth may in some cases be usable, with appropriate quality control at the data-processing stage. This means that the PS survey design may need to handle raypaths that are highly asymmetrical and that are very sensitive to assumed velocities. A 3D-PS design was used for a particular coal survey with the target in the depth range of 85–140 m. The objectives were acceptable fold balance between bins and relatively smooth distribution of offset and azimuth within bins. These parameters are relatively robust for the P-wave design, but much more sensitive for the case of PS. Reduction of the source density is more acceptable than reduction of the receiver density, particularly in terms of the offset-azimuth distribution. This is a fortuitous observation in that it improves the economics of a dynamite source, which is desirable for high-resolution coal-mine planning. The final-survey design necessarily allows for logistical and economic considerations, which implies some technical compromise. However, good fold, offset, and azimuth distributions are achieved across the survey area, yielding a data set suitable for meaningful analysis of P and S azimuthal anisotropy.
Depth-domain seismic reflectivity inversion with compressed sensing technique
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Kui , Alekhue Jude E.
Published: October 2016

More and more seismic surveys produce 3D seismic images in the depth domain by using prestack depth migration methods, which can present a direct subsurface structure in the depth domain rather than in the time domain. This leads to the increasing need for applications of seismic inversion on the depth-imaged seismic data for reservoir characterization. To address this issue, we have developed a depth-domain seismic inversion method by using the compressed sensing technique with output of reflectivity and band-limited impedance without conversion to the time domain. The formulations of the seismic inversion in the depth domain are similar to time-domain methods, but they implement all the elements in depth domain, for example, a depth-domain seismic well tie. The developed method was first tested on synthetic data, showing great improvement of the resolution on inverted reflectivity. We later applied the method on a depth-migrated field data with well-log data validated, showing a great fit between them and also improved resolution on the inversion results, which demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method on depth-domain seismic data.
Aπό τη Μακιαβελική Διερμηνεία κατά την Ανάκριση Αιχμαλώτων στην Κοινοτική Διερμηνεία της Νεωτερικότητας.
Authors: Gogas Themistoklis
Published: October 2016

 

Το παρόν άρθρο εξετάζει την Κοινοτική Διερμηνεία υπό το πρίσμα των αιτιωδών σχέσεων που την παρήγαγαν. Συγκεκριμένα, ανατρέχει στην διαμόρφωση του διανοητικού και φιλοσοφικού πλαισίου που οδήγησε στην αναγνώριση της ανάγκης των αλλοδαπών για επικοινωνία. Το γεγονός ότι σε
προγενέστερες φάσεις της κοινωνικής και διανοητικής εξέλιξης, μία από τις ελάχιστες χρήσεις της διερμηνείας ήταν η ανάκριση αιχμαλώτων, ήτοι η χρήση του γλωσσικού διαμεσολαβητή για αποκόμιση πληροφοριών χρήσιμων για το κράτος, σημαίνει ότι το διανοητικό εργαλείο της γλωσσικής διαμεσολάβησης χρησιμοποιείται επ’ ωφελεία του κράτους. Από το σημείο της μακιαβελικής αυτής αντίληψης μέχρι την παροχή γλωσσικής διαμεσολάβησης με σκοπό την πληροφόρηση του πολίτη (έστω και αλλόγλωσσου), η απόσταση είναι μεγάλη. Διανύθηκε τότε μόνον, όταν οι κοινωνικές συνθήκες ανέδειξαν το σεβασμό στην ετερότητα σε μείζον ζήτημα. Σ’ αυτό το βήμα προόδου σαφώς και συνετέλεσε ο Διαφωτισμός και η νεωτερικότητα, όπως και τα φιλοσοφικά ρεύματα αυτών των περιόδων. Τελικώς, αυτό που τονίζεται στο παρόν είναι η Εγελιανή αντίληψη και η συμβολή της στην ανάπτυξη της Κοινοτικής Διερμηνείας.
Professionalization and trust in public sector interpreting.
Authors: Skaaden Hanne
Published: October 2016

This article approaches interpreting in the public sector or “community” from the vantage point of the sociology of professions. The aim is to examine the interpreter function in light of the process of professionalization and concepts such as professional trust and the exercise of discretion. How well
does the interpreter function fulfill the criteria of being a profession? What is holding the process of professionalization back? In exploring these issues, I observe the interpreter function through the prism of a model of professionalization outlined by a group of Scandinavian sociologists (Molander &
Terum, 2008; Grimen 2008ab; Grimen & Molander, 2008). The model divides professionalization into performative and organizational aspects. What is the professional status of the interpreter in the public sector in terms of these aspects? The empirical data originate from chat discussions where students
with different working languages (WL) who are going through a blended course (30 ECTS) on interpreting, discuss issues of professionalization. The analysis shows that the interpreter function fulfills the criteria of the performative aspect, while the organizational aspect is less developed.
Community Interpreting–oriented Terminology Management Tools.
Authors: Antón María Teresa Ortego
Published: October 2016

Unlike translators, who have a great variety of computer-assisted tools for terminology management, interpreters have not benefited from the same level of innovation. In fact, the task of community interpreter is to allow people who do not speak the official language(s) of the country to communicate
with the providers of public services so as to facilitate full and equal access to legal, health, education, government and social services. Thus, having taken into account the special needs of community interpreters, in this paper we establish a set of parameters from the conclusions drawn from the literature review to assess to what extent terminology management tools meet these needs. Then, a selection of terminology management tools are analysed. From the results, conclusions are drawn which might suggest a need to take into account new proposals in order to implement terminology management in computer-assisted tools from the view of community interpreting as well
as to inform new searching procedures used by trainees and community interpreters.
Η Αξιολόγηση της Ποιότητας στην Κοινοτική Διερμηνεία: η περίπτωση των κύριων αγγλόφωνων χωρών.
Authors: Tagkas Periklis
Published: October 2016

Η παρούσα εργασία στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση των δεδομένων που αφορούν στη διασφάλιση ποιότητας κατά την παροχή των υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας στον «στενό πυρήνα» των αγγλόφωνων χωρών, στον οποίο περιλαμβάνονται: το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής, η Αυστραλία και ο Καναδάς. Η μελέτη επικεντρώνεται στην παρουσίαση των διαδικασιών πιστοποίησης
και αξιολόγησης, καθώς και των κανόνων δεοντολογίας που διέπουν το λειτούργημα του κοινοτικού διερμηνέα. Παράλληλα, εξετάζονται ζητήματα που σχετίζονται με τη βελτιστοποίηση και συστηματοποίηση του θεσμού, με στόχο τη μεταφορά τεχνογνωσίας στην Ελλάδα και την αναβάθμιση των υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας.
Για τη γλωσσική διαμεσολάβηση στη διαδικασία αίτησης ασύλου η Ομοσπονδιακή Υπηρεσία Μετανάστευσης και Προσφύγων της Γερμανίας ψάχνει…
Authors: Chita Anna
Published: October 2016

Η παρούσα εργασία ασχολείται με την πρόσφατη προκήρυξη της Ομοσπονδιακής Υπηρεσίας Μετανάστευσης και Προσφύγων της Γερμανίας για την απασχόληση κοινοτικών διερμηνέων στο δύσκολο έργο της διαδικασίας αίτησης ασύλου. Επιπλέον περιγράφεται η ανομοιογένεια στην εκπαίδευση κοινοτικών διερμηνέων στη Γερμανία. Ενόψει της προσφυγικής κρίσης η ζήτηση ατόμων με
τέτοιου είδους κατάρτιση ή και δεξιότητες αυξάνεται διαρκώς. Παρόλα αυτά δεν διακρίνεται από καμία πλευρά η προσπάθεια για καταλληλότερη εκπαίδευση αυτών. Αντιθέτως, η Ομοσπονδιακή Υπηρεσία Μετανάστευσης και Προσφύγων απευθύνεται και σε άτομα, τα οποία ενδεχομένως δεν έχουν καμία
επαγγελματική κατάρτιση ή/και εμπειρία σε αυτόν τον τομέα, μιας και η ίδια η προκήρυξη δεν τα αποκλείει. Πώς μπορεί, όμως, σε μία τόσο σημαντική διαδικασία, όπως η ακρόαση για τη χορήγηση ασύλου, να μην λαμβάνεται σοβαρά υπόψη ποιος θα επιλεχθεί και με ποια κριτήρια, ώστε να λειτουργήσει ως ο σωστός αγωγός της γλώσσας;
Στατιστικές μέθοδοι ελέγχου εγκυρότητας και αξιοπιστίας ερωτηματολογίων. Η περίπτωση του CiGreece.
Authors: Iseris Georgios
Published: October 2016

Η συστηματική χρήση των ερωτηματολογίων σε όλων των ειδών τις έρευνες καθιστά αναγκαίο τον συνδυασμό στατιστικών ερευνητικών μεθόδων που να επιβεβαιώνουν την εγκυρότητα και την αξιοπιστία αυτών των τύπων κλιμάκων. Ο σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει τμήμα της πρότασής
μας για το μεθοδολογικό σχέδιο της διεξαγωγής της ερευνητικής προσπάθειας CiGreece που έχει ως στόχο να χαρτογραφήσει για πρώτη φορά την κατάσταση στην Ελλάδα αναφορικά με την παροχή υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας, να αναδείξει τις ελλείψεις τέτοιων υπηρεσιών σε ευαίσθητα περιβάλλοντα, να αυξήσει την ευαισθησία αλλά και να προμηθεύσει με τις απαραίτητες πληροφορίες
που θα βοηθήσουν τις αρμόδιες κρατικές αρχές να λάβουν τα όσα και όποια πρόσφορα μέτρα για τη βελτίωση της κατάστασης παροχής υπηρεσιών κοινοτικής διερμηνείας στην Ελλάδα. Στην εργασία μας δίνουμε έμφαση στην περιγραφή των προϋποθέσεων για την εφαρμογή τεχνικών στάθμισης του ερωτηματολογίου της έρευνας μέσω της εξαγωγής του δείκτη αξιοπιστίας Cronbach’s α αλλά και της
Διερευνητικής και Επιβεβαιωτικής ανάλυσης παραγόντων για τον έλεγχο της δομικής εγκυρότητάς του. Υπογραμμίζουμε πως η συνδυαστική χρήση των περιγραφόμενων στο κύριο μέρος της παρούσας εργασίας στατιστικών μεθόδων είναι σε θέση να αποκαλύψει την ύπαρξη ασθενούς δομικής εγκυρότητας
ενός ερωτηματολογίου, παρά την επιτυχή έκβαση μεμονωμένων στατιστικών ελέγχων, γεγονός που υποδεικνύει την αναγκαιότητα εφαρμογής πολλαπλών στατιστικών μεθόδων για τον έλεγχο εγκυρότητας και αξιοπιστίας των κλιμάκων μέτρησης.
On the Contribution of Western Scientists to the Development of the Concept of Socio-Economic Structure
Authors: Рыбина  , Rybina Zinaida
Published: October 2016

This article offers the author´s views on the development of the concept of the socio-economic structure of Western scientists. For many years it was believed that the aforesaid concept is the brainchild solely of Russian economic thought. This was facilitated by the absence in literature of the concept of «socio-economic structure». However, the existence of multiple interpretations of this definition: economic conditions and lifestyles of populations, the structure of economic life, the totality of relations of production, the type of management, mode of production — the Russian economists make it possible to search similar concepts in foreign economic literature. This approach allowed to detect the definition, similar to Russian «way of life», in the works of some researchers Talcott Parsons, J. Schumpeter, W. Sombart, L. Thévenot, John Clark, L. Mises, P. Sorokin, P. Eisenstadt, F. Hayek. On this basis it is proved: first, the development of the concept of the socioeconomic structure of the Western scientists was independently from the studies of Russian economists. Second, their contribution to the development of this concept needs further study and reassessment. Especially deserving of recognition is the fact that finally the concept of social-economic system emerged in Russia.
Marketing of Experience in Creating of Value Product
Authors: Поляков  , Polyakov Vladimir , Фомичева  , Fomicheva Irina
Published: October 2016

The brand experience is considered as an independent product or economic

proposal. The stages of growth of consumer value of the goods depending on his

level of condition and price segment are considered. The article presents the

dynamics of the formation of the consumer value of the product in terms of its

trademark depending on the stage where the product is located in the processing

chain production-consumption in the system of marketing management. The

mechanism of value creation in marketing impressions is developed. The effect

assessment of impressions on the model of «emperor with no clothes»

is proposed.
The Impact of the Sanctions and Crisis on the Automotive Industry in Russia
Authors: Сабери  , Saberi Behzad
Published: October 2016

In many countries auto industry is a strategic sector of the economy, representing,

together with related industries and supporting part of the national industry,

providing employment and implementing the technological capabilities of the

country. The present study focuses on the description of the impact of sanctions

on the development of the crisis, the automobile industry, car manufacturers and

the market of cars of Russia. As a result, US and EU sanctions against Russia

among the first to pass the sanctions hit the country´s automotive industry. During

the period of sanctions Russian car market is characterized by falling sales and

reduced production. Sanctions crisis has affected the entire chain from production

to bring the car to the final consumer — the drop in demand for cars in the

domestic market and reduction of vehicle production; the decline in production

was achieved by the suspension or closure of plants, which affected the social

sphere, increasing unemployment and reducing the incomes of workers and

automotive professionals. Thus, the article examines the impact of the sanctions

impact of the crisis on the enterprise on production of cars, as well as trade

in cars in the Russian market.
When Do People Prefer Carrots to Sticks? A Robust “Matching Effect” in Policy Evaluation
Authors: Evers Ellen R. K. , Inbar Yoel , Blanken Irene , Oosterwijk Linda D.
Published: October 2016

For a policy to succeed, it must not only be effective in changing behavior but must also be accepted by stakeholders. Here, we report seven sets of studies demonstrating strong framing effects on the acceptance of equivalent policies. Policies targeting desirable voluntary behavior are preferred when they are framed as advantaging those who act desirably (rather than disadvantaging those who do not). Conversely, policies targeting obligations are preferred when they are framed as disadvantaging those who fail to act desirably (rather than advantaging those who do). These differences in policy acceptance do not result from common causes of framing effects, such as a misunderstanding of outcomes or insufficient deliberation about the implications. Rather, the framing effects we document follow from beliefs about when punishment is and is not appropriate. We conclude with a field experiment demonstrating framing effects in a setting where policy acceptance directly affects respondents’ outcomes.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2539 .

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Empirical Distribution of Equilibrium Play and Its Testing Application
Authors: Babichenko Yakov , Barman Siddharth , Peretz Ron
Published: October 2016

We show that in any n-player, m-action normal-form game, we can obtain an approximate equilibrium by sampling any mixed-action equilibrium a small number of times. We study three types of equilibria: Nash, correlated, and coarse-correlated. For each one we obtain upper and lower bounds on the number of samples required for the empirical distribution over the sampled action profiles to form an approximate equilibrium with probability close to 1.

These bounds imply that using a small number of samples we can test whether or not players are playing according to an approximate equilibrium, even in games where n and m are large. In addition, our results substantially improve previously known upper bounds on the support size of approximate equilibria in games with many players. In particular, for the three types of equilibria we show the existence of approximate equilibrium with support-size polylogarithmic in n and m, whereas the previously best-known upper bounds were polynomial in n (Hémon et al. [Hémon S, de Rougemont M, Santha M (2008) Approximate nash equilibria for multi-player games. Algorithmic Game Theory (Springer), 267–278], Germano and Lugosi [Germano F, Lugosi G (2007) Existence of sparsely supported correlated equilibria. Econom. Theory 32(3):575–578], Hart et al. [Hart S, Mas-Colell A, Babichenko Y (2013) Simple Adaptive Strategies: From Regret-Matching to Uncoupled Dynamics, Vol. 4 (World Scientific Publishing Company)]).
Inventory Control for Spectrally Positive Lévy Demand Processes
Authors: Yamazaki Kazutoshi
Published: October 2016

A new approach to solve the continuous-time stochastic inventory problem using the fluctuation theory of Lévy processes is developed. This approach involves the recent developments of the scale function that is capable of expressing many fluctuation identities of spectrally one-sided Lévy processes. For the case with a fixed cost and a general spectrally positive Lévy demand process, we show the optimality of an (s, S)-policy. The optimal policy and the value function are concisely expressed via the scale function. Numerical examples under a Lévy process in the β-family with jumps of infinite activity are provided to confirm the analytical results. Furthermore, the case with no fixed ordering costs is studied.
Latest developments
Authors: Joanne  , Thompson Dan , Martland Rebecca , Featherbe Alison
Published: October 2016

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Newly qualified health visitor: Aiming high
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: October 2016

Lisa Forbes looks back on her first year in practice and reflects on some of her hopes for the future of the health visiting profession in the current climate.
Supporting families during the housing crisis
Authors: Robb Campbell
Published: October 2016

The exciting but challenging period of early parenthood can be made so much harder by poor housing or homelessness. Unfortunately for some, it's an unforgettable time for all the wrong reasons, says Campbell Robb, chief executive of Shelter.
Keep the meals coming
Authors: Tanuku Purnima
Published: October 2016

With so much adventurous, healthy fare now on offer to pre-schoolers it would be a shame if the 30 free hours reverses the trend for hot food provision. Meals are worth parents paying for, says the NDNA's Purnima Tanuku.
Video killed the teaching star
Authors: Gammans Paul
Published: October 2016

The use of film and video clips in the classroom is common, but Paul Gammans believes it is often done without justification, adding nothing to learning outcomes and switching pupils off learning. He presents his arguments and then offers some practical advice for how film might be better used by teachers
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the clinical course of acute stroke
Authors: Antonova Kseniya V. , Tanashyan Marine M. , Romantsova Tat'yana I. , Maksimova Marina Y.
Published: October 2016

We carried out a comparative analysis of the clinical course of acute stroke in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (incl. those with plaques and hemodynamically significant [≥60%] carotid stenosis) was higher in patients with T2DM. With relatively similar baseline brain damage and neurological deficits patients with T2DM had a higher rate of symptom worsening, which leads to poorer outcome. A less favourable post-stroke prognosis was found to be associated with the presence of T2DM, but not with transient changes in glycemic levels. Most patients with T2DM presented with acute stroke showing elevated levels of both plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin, the latter indicating a long period of hyperglycemia preceding the acute cerebrovascular event.
The efficiency of obesity treatment in patients with insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Strueva Natal'ya V. , Mel'nichenko Galina A. , Poluektov Mikhail G. , Savel'eva Larisa V.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dynamics of body weight and sleep disorders in the treatment of obesity.Materials and methods. The study included 200 obese patients: 83 men and 117 women.Results. Complaints about problems sleeping (snoring, hypersomnia, insomnia, etc.) were present in 78% of obese patients. 89 patients were under the observation of an endocrinologist for 7 ± 1 months, they were divided into three matched by age, sex and BMI groups: patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (n = 42), the second – with the syndrome of insomnia (n = 19), the third (control group) – patients without sleep disorders (n = 24). After treatment of obesity the weight loss in patients with insomnia syndrome was -2.5 [-4; 0]kg, in patients with OSAS -7 [-18; -2] kg, in patients without sleep disorders -6.5 [-12; -2.25] kg. Clinically significant weight reduction was reached in 25 (59.5%) patients with OSAS; 3 (16%) – with insomnia syndrome; 15 (62.5%) – without sleep disorders.Conclusion. Thus, the insomnia syndrome essentially influences the obesity treatment results – most of patients with this sleep disorder (81.2%) do not achieve clinically significant weight loss. The presence and severity of breathing disorders during sleep do not prevent weight loss. However, with the regular use of CPAP-therapy in patients with OSAS has a tendency of greater reduction of body weight.
Incretins role in Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults pathogenesis, the possibility of therapy with combination of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1) and insulin.
Authors: Silko Iuliia V. , Nikonova Tatiana V. , Shestakova Marina V.
Published: October 2016

Recently, the bihormonal theory of the autoimmune diabetes development is discussed in the world literature. The abnormal suppression of glucagon and reduced incretin response are considered in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus in addition to insulin deficiency. Animal studies demonstrate a GLP-1 – role in beta cell-proliferation and decrease in apoptosis. The information concerning the functioning of the incretin system in patients with type 1 diabetes and LADA is systematized in the present review. We also discuss the studies of the use of GLP-1 agonists in patients with autoimmune diabetes.
Correction of mineral and bone disorders in a patient with long-standing diabetes mellitus type 1 on hemodialysis therapy
Authors: Sklyanik Igor A. , Egorova Daria N. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Pigarova Ekaterina A.
Published: October 2016

Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) – chronic diseases with constantly growing prevalence. Patients with DM have the increased risk of bones fractures. Risk of fracture in the patient with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is increased by more than 6 times. There are several mechanisms leading to the development of osteoporosis in DM: chronic hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency, genetic factors, and complications of DM. Moreover, the chronic kidney disease in DM impacts not only progression of osteoporosis, but also leads to emergence of other bone disorders, that considerably complicate a choice of antiosteoporotic treatment. This article describes a clinical case of the mineral and bone disorders of a phosphorus-calcium metabolism, which developed in patient with long history of DM1 receiving therapy by a program hemodialysis.
Analysis of donor�s trust and relationship commitment in lembaga amil zakat in Indonesia
Authors: Handriana Tanti
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of donors trust and relationship commitment in a non-profit organization. This study used a survey method and takes individual donors of Lembaga Amil Zakat as the research samples. There are 117 respondents used in this research. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is selected as the analysis technique. The findings of the study reveal that (1) shared values have significant effect on trust; (2) relationship marketing investment has significant effect on trust; (3) trust has significant effect on relationship commitment; and (4) trust has significant effect on future intentions. The contribution of this study is mainly to broaden the application of social exchange theory and relationship marketing concept which are suitable not only for profit-oriented organizations, but also for nonprofit oriented organizations.