bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXCAVACIONES EN LA PLATAFORMA Z1, PAMPA DE MOSQUITO. PRIMERA EVIDENCIA DEL ARCAICO TARDÍO EN EL VALLE MEDIO DEL RÍO JEQUETEPEQUE
Authors: Tsurumi Eisei , Morales Castro Carlos A.
Published: July 2021

En las décadas de 1980, 1990 y la primera década de este siglo se realizaron intensas investigaciones arqueológicas en el valle medio del río Jequetepeque. Como resultado de estos trabajos se expuso una gran ocupación prehispánica, en especial, de asentamientos pertenecientes al periodo Formativo. Tanto así, que el pueblo de Tembladera fue conocido por su cerámica finamente elaborada (Alva 1986) durante el periodo Formativo y además a este periodo se le consideró como la ocupación más temprana conocida hasta el momento en este segmento del valle. Nuestras investigaciones realizadas en la Pampa de Mosquito, apoyados por elementos de arte rupestre y por datación radiocarbónica, dio como resultado que existió una ocupación más temprana vinculada al periodo Arcaico Tardío.
“QUILCA” Y “ARTE RUPESTRE”, DISQUISICIONES EN EL CONTEXTO DEL ARTE, LA ARQUEOLOGÍA Y LA CIENCIA PERUANA
Authors: Echevarría López Gori Tumi
Published: July 2021

Basado en una revisión histórica de la terminología que describe el llamado “arte rupestre”, el presente ensayo examina y cuestiona la utilidad de este término frente a la categoría indígena de “quilca”, cuya validez epistemológica es ponderada para la descripción y el estudio de las manifestaciones gráficas en roca o tierra, como son los pictogramas, petroglifos, geoglifos, o arte mobiliar con tradición rupestre. Se concluye que la categoría compuesta de “arte rupestre” constituye un limitante ontológico para la compresión del fenómeno gráfico asociado a roca en los Andes.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ESTILO HUALLA INCISO PUNZONADO DEL YCHSMA TEMPRANO
Authors: Dolorier Camilo , Casas Salazar Lyda
Published: July 2021

Este estudio discute las menciones que se hacen en la literatura arqueológica acerca de la presencia de un material decorado sobre la base de incisiones y puntos. Para ello se analiza, clasifica y caracteriza una pequeña colección de fragmentos cerámicos procedentes de Huallamarca. Este material se inserta a una colección mayor que muestra coherencia estilística, cronológica y cultural. Ello nos permitió identificar sus recurrencias y particularidades, así como definir su posición cronológica. Entonces, el estilo Hualla inciso punzonado, es asignado a la primera parte del Período Intermedio Tardío (PIT 1-3). Así mismo, nos presenta una particularidad del componente cultural de esta sociedad, reflejada en una suerte de oposición y complemento de sus manifestaciones culturales.
QHAPAQ ÑAN ITINERARIO CULTURAL INSCRITO EN LA LISTA DEL PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL, RETOS Y PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Chirinos Portocarrero Ricardo
Published: July 2021

La inscripción del Qhapaq Ñan – Sistema Vial Andino, en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial es el resultado de un esfuerzo coordinado entre seis países andinos Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador y Perú. Se describen los principales eventos de ese proceso, bien como los aspectos metodológicos y criterios adoptados. En seguida, se caracteriza al Qhapaq Ñan a partir de los registros arqueológicos y antropológicos, delineando la magnitud y transcendencia de este monumento prehispánico. Luego, se abordan las implicancias de esta nueva etapa que se inaugura con su reconocimiento como Patrimonio Mundial. Tratando específicamente del caso del Perú, se sostiene la importancia de consolidar un Sistema de Gestión del Qhapaq Ñan que esté en permanente coordinación internacional y que incorpore la participación activa de las poblaciones locales, buscando maximizar los beneficios sociales, minimizar los impactos negativos y cumplir con los compromisos asumidos por el Estado peruano frente a la UNESCO. Finalmente, se muestra como esas propuestas vienen siendo aplicadas concretamente a través de las diversas líneas de acción en el caso del Proyecto de Tramo Huánuco Pampa – Huamachuco.
LOS QUIPUS FUNERARIOS Y TRIBUTARIOS DE CUSPÓN Y CHIQUIÁN: HOY Y AYER
Authors: Tun Molly , Zubieta Núñez Filomeno
Published: July 2021

La práctica de enterrar a los difuntos con cuerdas anudadas, o quipus, es una que se ha observado en el Perú desde tiempos remotos hasta el presente pero poco se sabe sobre esta tradición. En la actualidad estos quipus funerarios se diferencian de los quipus contables, pero las distinciones entre las clases de quipus y las conexiones entre los dichos quipus modernos y los incaicos o preincaicos siguen siendo enigmáticas. Este artículo presenta nueva información sobre los quipus funerarios de Cuspón y las mujeres que mantienen vivo este patrimonio cultural, a la vez que saca a la luz un manuscrito colonial inédito sobre el uso de quipus tributarios en el mismo distrito de Chiquián. Tal documentación etnográfica y de archivo pone en primer plano los varios usos del quipu de hoy y ayer en Cuspón y Chiquián, con la esperanza de seguir tejiendo conexiones entre estos quipus y tradiciones y los que se quedan por explorar.
EL PRECERÁMICO EN QOTAMISA PAMPA - PUNAS DE HUANCAPI- VICTOR FAJARDO - AYACUCHO
Authors: Laurente Palomino Sonia , Huamaní Diaz Jhon René
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo está basado en el estudio del sitio arqueológico de Qotamisa Pampa a partir de una prospección arqueológica sistemática, teniendo en cuenta el paisaje que rodea al sitio. El aspecto que ha sido considerado en el estudio de estas sociedades fueron las armas utilizadas para la cacería (puntas), el análisis sobre la fauna que hasta hoy existe en el sitio y el paisaje en el cual se dan los encuentros entre cazadores y los camélidos. Estos son los indicadores de estas sociedades.Se pretende caracterizar los paisajes donde se promovieron y materializaron los encuentros entre cazadores y camélidos en el área de Qotamisa Pampa, evaluando los diferentes factores que entran en esta actividad tales como: cazadores, paisaje, camélidos, tecnología, etc.; estas se interrelacionan y confluyen en los escenarios de caza. La elección de esta área para las actividades responde a que esta presenta todas las características necesarias para su elección como paisaje para la ocupación del territorio por parte de los camélidos, dadas ciertas características como son la presencia de agua, pastizales, laderas suaves y roquedales altos. Es por esta razón que Qotamisa Pampa es un caso relevante para la investigación aquí propuesta, de esta manera se va a hacer una investigación superficial y evaluar las características de los paisajes, el material cultural asociado (artefactos líticos y las pinturas rupestres) y otros, y de esta manera pueda sostenerse en los planteamientos de la Arqueología del Paisaje.
LOS ASENTAMIENTOS CHANKAS: ¿UNA RESPUESTA A LA VIOLENCIA?
Authors: Valdez Cárdenas Julio Ernesto
Published: July 2021

En este artículo, después de presentar las características de los sitios arqueológicos llamados Chanka, que corresponden al Periodo Intermedio Tardío, dentro de la llamada Área Histórica Chanka, aquí en los territorios andinos de Huancavelica, Ayacucho y de Andahuaylas, se discute por qué motivos, después de la decadencia de la cultura Wari, los pueblos se establecieron en las altas y estratégicas cumbres, donde rodeado de grandes murallas, se asentaron en habitaciones de forma circular, y produjeron burdos y toscos objetos de cerámica. Circunstancia en la que tuvieron contacto con los Incas.
LA ORIENTACIÓN DE LAS IGLESIAS ANDINAS DE LA REGIÓN DE ARICA Y PARINACOTA, CHILE: UNA APROXIMACIÓN ARQUEOASTRONÓMICA
Authors: Gangui Alejandro , Guillén Ángel , Pereira Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Las iglesias patrimoniales de Arica y Parinacota son representativas de la mayoría de los templos cristianos de la región. A juzgar por su arquitectura, materialidades y su decoración, tienen características en común y son fieles a las intenciones de sus constructores originales. Sin embargo, sus emplazamientos geográficos y el paisaje que las rodea guarda características propias para cada una de ellas. En particular, la orientación de sus ejes principales (en dirección al altar de las iglesias) muestra una gran diversidad. En esta extensa región, con escasa atención de doctrineros, la identidad y realidad aymara local, con su cosmovisión, debieron dialogar con la tradición occidental para configurar y construir los pueblos de las reducciones indígenas. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de las orientaciones espaciales precisas de la totalidad de las iglesias catalogadas, empleando las herramientas de la arqueoastronomía, como complemento a la investigación y análisis arquitectónico, histórico y cultural de los templos. Mencionamos también algunos avances que esperamos poder realizar en zonas vecinas a la región, las que incluyen un número grande de templos antiguos y forman parte, junto a las iglesias aquí estudiadas, de una común y extensa koine cultural.
Los vegetales de los ancestros
Authors: Dalen Luna Pieter Van
Published: July 2021

Las investigaciones arqueológicas con excavaciones desarrolladas en el área funeraria de Cerro Colorado han permitido identificar como parte de los contextos funerarios, abundantes restos botánicos colocados al interior de depósitos cerámicos, los que han sido colocados como parte de las ofrendas mortuarias en el mismo momento del ritual funerario o tiempo después. La identificación de las especies botánicas revela que partes comestibles de plantas como el maíz, era muy recurrente, colocado como parte de la comida de los muertos.
Estudio de la aceleración de la luz en el vacío
Authors: Monroy Oscar , Merma Marco
Published: July 2021

Como consecuencia de estudiar la variación de la velocidad de la luz con el tiempo en el vacío subyacente de los sistemas naturales, surge el concepto de aceleración de la luz. A partir del conjunto de ecuaciones paramétricas que expresan el sustrato o cinemática esencial del vacío se obtiene una fórmula la cual describe la aceleración de la luz en función del tiempo. Se observan dos posibles direcciones opuestas para la aceleración de la luz las cuales están correlacionadas con las dos posibles direcciones opuestas del cuanto vectorial local. El cuanto vectorial, así como la aceleración de la luz tendrían uctuaciones intrínsecas. Para pequeñas uctuaciones se establecen dos condiciones de cuasiequilibrio complementarias, las cuales permitirían explicar por qué se perciben los rayos de luz en línea recta en el espacio libre ordinario. También se deducen correlaciones tanto para las uctuaciones de los cuantos vectoriales opuestos, así como para las uctuaciones de los vectores aceleración de la luz opuestos. Finalmente se demuestra que el enrollamiento de los rayos de luz en el vacío subyacente de un sistema microscópico es mayor que el enrollamiento de los rayos de luz en el vacío subyacente de un sistema macroscópico.
Simplicity and the form of grammars
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: July 2021

The goal of theory construction is explanation: for language, theory for particular languages (grammar) and for the faculty of language FoL (the innate endowment for language acquisition). A primitive notion of simplicity of grammars is number of symbols, but this is too crude. An improved measure distinguishes grammars that capture genuine properties of language from those that do not. The theory of FoL must meet the empirical conditions of learnability (under extreme poverty of stimulus), and evolvability (given the limited but not insignificant evidence available). Recent work provides promising insights into how these twin conditions may be satisfied.
Egalitarian and market land reforms in the context of basic human rights and public welfare
Authors:   State Institution ", Borodina Olena ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: July 2021

Based on the generalization and analysis of modern scientific and applied approaches and real results of land transformations in the last century in transition economies, the article reveals the essence of the nature of market and egalitarian land reforms, as well as their goals and general economic results. Egalitarian reform has as its main priority a rapid reduction of rural poverty and development of the new landowners' skills to build their potential for its implementation in the general societal context. Market-oriented land reform aims at economic efficiency of the market based allocation of resources to ensure the growth of export-oriented agricultural production. Egalitarian land reform focuses on human and the realization of his or her basic rights, while market land reform focuses on the economy. Empirical data on land reforms in China show that their egalitarian nature was based on the creation of a society with equal opportunities of its members in the management of and access to land resources and material benefits obtained from them, and on ensuring a wide spread of the benefits from rural growth in society as a whole. Currently, China is the only country in the world that progressed from a "country of low human development" in 1990 to a "country of high human development" in 2018. The author proves that the purpose of land reform cannot be primitivized to a simple division of land into plots for transfer to private ownership based on free market turnover. Guaranteeing basic human rights and achieving public welfare from a land reform are achieved not only via obtaining land in private ownership, but also via supporting these acts with a fair distribution of control over the production process. Imposing on society a pseudo-scientific concept that land is a commodity that, like an apartment, mobile phone or bag of feed, can be freely bought and sold on market at open auctions, which will consolidate the country's economic power would inevitably lead to even greater income polarization, violation of basic human rights and, consequently, to social confrontations and significant social upheavals.
Prospects and limitations in the modernization of securities settlement operations in Ukraine
Authors:   Perspektiva Stock Exchange PJSC, Shishkov Stanislav
Published: July 2021

The article points to the critically insufficient compliance of Ukraine's stock market infrastructure with the relevant international recommendations, first of all in the segment of securities settlements. The author states that despite the creation of market infrastructure in Ukraine and the possibility to avoid problems related to the evolutionary errors, the market participants face numerous difficulties, such as risks in legal empowerment and in the activities of key infrastructure actors, limited competition, excessive transaction costs, ongoing defragmentation of the system of depository accounting, as well as inconvenience and limitations of the existing risk management systems. The study on the evolution of securities settlement models in Ukraine revealed that the radical reform of infrastructure in 2013 led to contradictory consequences, in particular, the abuse by the settlement bank and the central counterparty of its monopolistic positions, active participation of this monopolist in high-profile market abuse, stagnation in clearing and settlement technologies, and a slowdown in the development of the derivatives market. It was found that, despite lengthy discussions, the updated legislation in the field of organized capital markets, which is designed to implement a number of EU laws and should enter into force in 2021, does not really rectify the problems in the existing infrastructure, in particular due to a rather dubious proposed procedure of securities settlement and conservation for a few more years of the monopoly in the field of settlement and clearing services. It is substantiated that Ukraine has constructive practical experience and skills that can allow to implement the best international standards for building a system of cash settlements in "central bank money", organically integrated into Ukrainian payment system and able to adapt to European payment systems.
The vision of sustainable sport in a backcasting research
Authors: Köves Alexandra , Szathmári Attila , Herr Orsolya
Published: July 2021

It is now becoming widely accepted that our economy has reached the limits both in terms of the carrying capacity of our planet and in terms of bringing real social justice to the table. Degrowth is a research area that aims to transcend mainstream approaches. While moving beyond the growth paradigm would entail serious changes in all areas of social life and Degrowth research extends into most of them, the transformation of sports is not among them. Neither is Degrowth a recognised concept among those who deal with sports. The participatory backcasting research introduced in this paper attempts to fill this void. In the backcasting project, master students of sports economics envisioned the sustainable future of sports and identified potential intervention steps that lead towards such normative states. This paper describes the results and assesses those elements that aim for strong sustainability. The results show that relocalisation and the sharing economy are the most accepted Degrowth concepts in a normative scenario on sustainable sports in this group. At the same time, the paper offers frameworks of thoughts for those who want to move beyond the slogans of sustainability either as responsible citizens or in positions related to the world of sports.
Biriai
Authors: Webster Gary
Published: July 2021

The materiality of forced migration and resettlement have understandably moved to the forefront of archaeological research recently, although data from prehistoric refugia remain limited. One potentially informative example is the west Mediterranean island of Sardinia, where remains of the later third millennium BC document discontinuities associated with the appearance of Bell Beaker elements in local cultural modalities. Employing an augmented version of Aaron Burke’s ethnographically based approach, this study examines the Sardinian record, first toward identifying the contexts and factors that may have induced forced migration, such as agonistic relations with Beaker-bearing entities, then toward identifying likely refugia. Diagnostic correlates are derived in terms of the material consequences of adaptations to anthropologically documented risks encountered by refugees (e.g. landlessness, homelessness, marginalization). On these criteria, the eastern Sardinian settlement of Sa Sedda de Biriai in Oliena is identified and investigated as a possible refuge settlement of the Monte Claro culture. Evidence is marshalled with the aim of discovering temporal, spatial and material patterns consistent with Burke’s model in an augmented form, emphasizing non-local source venues, homelands or pre-flight affiliations, pre-flight or transitional objects, post-flight/refuge integrative expressions, security-adapted house architecture, residential enclaves or districts and removals of iconic pre-flight cult spaces. The social identity of the bearers of Beaker material culture on Sardinia is discussed briefly.
Optimization method of microwave drying process parameters for rice
Authors: Sun Tongsheng , Ling Fangqing
Published: July 2021

In this work, the optimal process to improve the efficiency of microwave drying of rice is studied. The optimal conditions for reducing the crack rate and improving the head rice rate are analyzed according to the principle of the orthogonal experiment. The optimization method of the rice microwave drying process parameters is proposed to simultaneously consider the two indicators, namely, crack and head rice rates, based on the grey system theory. The grey correlation degree analysis is carried out on the process conditions of the microwave drying rice. The result shows that the main factor affecting the integrity rate of the rice grain is the vacuum degree, and the main factor affecting the crack rate is the loading density. The grey correlation degree curve of head rice and crack rate fluctuates greatly, and the correlation between the two indexes is high. According to the grey correlation degree, the optimal parameters are microwave power of 500 W, vacuum degree of 0.02 MPa, and loading density of 1289.89 kg/m3. The head rice and crack rate are both optimized when drying under the parameters. The results provide a guiding method for the study of the correlation degree between drying indexes and provide a method basis for the further selection of the best drying process.
Optimum Characteristics of Windows in an Office Building in Isfahan for Save Energy and Preserve Visual Comfort
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Maleki Abbas ,   Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Dehghan Narges ,   Department of Architecture, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran,   Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the use of renewable energies has increased due to the energy crisis and subsequent environmental issues. The window design significantly affects energy consumption and natural light absorption regarding preventing visual discomfort and improving indoor quality with effective external features. Hence, it should be carefully selected from the early stages of design. Thus, the present study investigated the optimal design of windows considering four components of the window-to-wall ratio (WWR), window shape, and positioning on each façade by separately considering the sill height of the window for a general office. The objective was to provide visual comfort and save energy. Applying constraints to the data set can yield an optimization method concerning the variables and their relationship as well as optimal solutions based on the stated goals. Therefore, the desired groups can be accepted as optimal solutions for improving the efficiency of the building. According to the results, the WWR of 30% with the square and horizontal shapes in the upper and central positions were optimal solutions for each window orientation, which had better performance in the north-facing WWR of 40%. Furthermore, several best design solutions were presented in each orientation in terms of energy consumption, daylighting, and visual comfort in the indoor environment. This method also allows the designer to visualize all the data while finding the clients’ desired option by improving the energy efficiency between the variables and choosing the appropriate solution.
Student motivation is a system wide responsibility
Authors: Gould Mark Ernest
Published: July 2021

N/A
Impact of COVID-19 on refugee-background students during school shut down in Australia: A call for action
Authors: Mudwari Nabaraj , Cuskelly Monica , Murphy Carol , Beasy Kim , Aryal Nirmal
Published: July 2021

The majority of schools across Australia rapidly implemented online education during the first wave of COVID-19 restrictions. The school closure disproportionately affected the routines and socialisation of vulnerable students, including those with a refugee background. Refugee-background students have been impacted by COVID-19 as school closures interrupted face-to-face education, including English language and tutorial support and counselling services. School shutdown also impeded refugee-background students’ activities outside the home, which could render adverse effects on their physical, mental and social wellbeing. Holistic efforts are urgently needed in Australia to support refugee-background students in order to prevent further learning loss and promote health and wellbeing.
Keywords: COVID-19, refugee-background students, education loss, physical, mental and social wellbeing, Australia
Space-time analysis of the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Santos Cleber Vinicius Brito dos , Cavalcante João Roberto , Pungartnik Paula Cristina , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the space-time evolution of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: An ecological study was carried out. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Incidence and mortality rates, excess risk, Global Moran's Index (Moran's I), local indicator for spatial association, standardized incidence ratio, and standardized mortality ratio were estimated for neighborhoods in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Results: Over the first year of the pandemic, registries in the city of Rio de Janeiro included 204,888 cases and 19,017 deaths due to COVID-19. During the first three months of the pandemic, higher incidence rates were verified in the municipality compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, in addition to higher mortality rates compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil from May 2020 to February 2021. Bonsucesso was the neighborhood with the highest incidence and mortality rates, and throughout the neighborhoods and months, there is no synchrony between the worst moments of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The authors emphasize the need for implementing more rigid control and prevention measures, increasing case detection, and accelerating the COVID-19 immunization campaign.
Sensitivity of long‐term EEG monitoring as a second diagnostic step in the initial diagnosis of epilepsy
Authors: Renzel Roland , Tschaler Lucas , Mothersill Ian , Imbach Lukas L. , Poryazova Rosita
Published: July 2021

Objective: In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and negative predictive value of long‐term EEG (L‐EEG) in patients being assessed for epilepsy, who had already undergone non‐specific standard EEG(s) (S‐EEG). Secondary endpoints of this study were: (1) the correlation of non‐specific changes on EEG with epileptiform patterns on L‐EEG; and (2) the correlation of clinical parameters such as subjective frequency of seizures or epileptogenic lesions on cerebral imaging with epileptiform changes on L‐EEG.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed clinical and electrophysiological data of 75 patients, assessed for epilepsy at the University Hospital Zurich, who had undergone an L‐EEG for at least 48 hours, between 2010 and 2015. All patients had already undergone S‐EEG(s) before L‐EEG, which showed no epileptic changes. Furthermore, the association with clinical parameters, such as frequency of presumptive seizures, abnormalities on standard‐EEG, AED intake and cerebral imaging with the final diagnosis, was analysed.

Results: Out of 75 patients, 14 (19%) patients were finally diagnosed with epilepsy. In eight of these patients, L‐EEGs showed typical ictal/interictal patterns, with a sensitivity of 57% and negative predictive value of 91%. Neither the subjective frequency of seizures nor potentially epileptogenic lesions on cerebral imaging were associated with a positive epilepsy diagnosis.

Significance: In this preselected cohort of patients, who had already undergone a non‐diagnostic S‐EEG, the sensitivity of L‐EEG remained considerable. Nonetheless, our study also revealed a significant false‐negative rate. Based on the high negative predictive value in this study, L‐EEG appears to be most useful at excluding epilepsy. Nevertheless, thorough evaluation of seizure history and clinical findings remain crucial for a reliable diagnosis.
Efficacy of lacosamide in neonatal‐onset super‐refractory status epilepticus: a case report
Authors: Bertozzi Veronica , Bonardi Claudia M. , Biscalchin Gaia , Tona Clarissa , Amigoni Angela , Sartori Stefano
Published: July 2021

We report the case of a previously healthy newborn who developed super‐refractory status epilepticus after Group B streptococcal meningoencephalitis. After administration of first‐, second‐ and third‐line anticonvulsants without resolution of status epilepticus, we started intravenous lacosamide as adjunctive therapy to phenobarbital, phenytoin and continuous infusion of ketamine and midazolam. After administration of lacosamide, we observed a clear‐cut improvement in the neurological clinical condition coupled with seizure control on continuous video‐EEG monitoring, even after suspension of all other medications except for phenobarbital. No adverse effects ascribable to lacosamide were reported. The available data regarding the use of lacosamide for status epilepticus in adults and children are promising, although there is as yet only anecdotal evidence for neonatal status epilepticus. Its lack of potential interactions, good tolerability and the option of intravenous use lend to its appeal as treatment for status epilepticus. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reported cases of effective lacosamide infusion in neonatal‐onset super‐refractory status epilepticus. This evidence should prompt further investigation on efficacy and safety of lacosamide to support its use in this population.
Virtue ethics in dentistry - a model for developing virtuous dental practitioners
Authors: Miniggio Hilde D , Motloba Pagollang D , Wareham Christopher S
Published: July 2021

There is a renewed appreciation of the contribution of virtue ethics in clinical healthcare practice, including dentistry. This interest in virtue ethics highlights the limitations of only focusing on the development of clinical skills and competence or mere adherence to a set of ethical rules and guidelines. There is also a growing interest and appreciation that an equally important and integral aspect of dental practice is the development of a virtuous character. From this virtue ethics perspective, a virtue is an haracter, a disposition, well entrenched in its possessor.
SARS-CoV2 genome sequencing protocol (1200bp amplicon "midnight" primer set, using Nanopore Rapid kit) v6
Authors: Freed Nikki
Published: July 2021

To enable faster, easier sequencing of SARS-COV2 genomes with fewer steps than current methods, we use multiplexed 1200 base pair PCR amplicons with the Oxford Nanopore RAPID barcoding kit. UPDATE: The Rapid barcoding protocol is now (March 2021) available on the Oxford Nanopore website for 1-96 samples "PCR tiling of SARS-CoV-2 virus with rapid barcoding (SQK-RBK110.96)" https://community.nanoporetech.com/protocols/pcr-tiling-of-sars-cov-2-virus-with-rapid-barcoding-sqk-rbk110/v/PCTR_9125_v110_revA_24Mar2021 This is a modification of the ARTIC amplicon V3 sequencing protocol for MinION for nCoV-2019 developed by Josh Quick. The ARTIC method uses 400 base pair amplicons and the Oxford Nanopore Ligation barcoding kit (LSK-109). The protocol described here, dubbed the Midnight protocol, makes two important changes to the ARTIC V3 protocol: We have increased the size of the amplicon size to 1200bp. Using just 29 amplicons, the midnight primers anneal to only 4.5% of the viral genome compared to 17% or more of the genome, lowering the chance that viral mutations will cause dropouts due to primer mismatches. We use the RAPID barcode kit RBK004 (or, available as of March 2021 for 1-96 samples with the RBK110-96), which requires less time and fewer reagents than the ligation based LSK-109 protocol. The amplicons produced in this protocol can also be used for Illumina sequencing (i.e. using a transposon based shearing like Nextera or the Lotus kit https://sg.idtdna.com/pages/landing/coronavirus-research-reagents/ngs-assays#resources) The original publication that describes this protocol is here along with important considerations is here: https://academic.oup.com/biomethods/article/5/1/bpaa014/5873518?login=true Primers were all designed using Primal Scheme: http://primal.zibraproject.org/, described here https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2017.066. Primer sequences are here (and listed directly in the protocol) https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1M5I_C56ZC8_2Ycgm9EFieVlVNqxsP7dXAnGoBZy3nDo/edit?usp=sharing The primer scheme .bed and .tsv files necessary for the ARTIC variant calling pipeline are at Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/record/3897530#.Xv5EFpMzadY Version history: V6: updated to indicate primers can be purchased from IDT and removed link to opools. V5: Changed Reverse transcription part of the protocol to use the LunaScript™ RT SuperMix Kit in place of SSIV as it is easier, performs similarly, and is less expensive. The PCR step was changed to use the Q5®Hot Start High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix in place of the Q5 reagents individually, as this cuts down pipetting steps, performs similarly, and is similar in cost. V4: updated .bed and .tsv file link to point to Zenodo (and not google drive). V1-V3: included primers sequences in the protocol, fixed step 17.12 from elute in "molecular grade water or Elution buffer" to elute in "10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 with 50 mM NaCl", as suggested on the Oxford Nanopore protocol, changed images from ARTIC protocol image to our own.
Simple electroporation for efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in murine zygotes v3
Authors: E. Tröder Simon , Zevnik Branko
Published: July 2021

Electroporation of zygotes represents a rapid alternative to the elaborate pronuclear injection procedure for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in mice. However, current protocols for electroporation either require the investment in specialized electroporators or corrosive pre-treatment of zygotes which compromises embryo viability. Here, we describe an easily adaptable approach for the introduction of specific mutations in C57BL/6N mice by electroporation of intact zygotes using a common electroporator with synthetic CRISPR/Cas9 components and minimal technical requirement.
Kamu Diplomasisi Bağlamında S-400 Anlaşması’nın Uluslararası Yayın Kuruluşları Üzerinden İncelenmesi: VOA, RT VE TRT World Örnekleri
Authors: FİLİZ Şeyma
Published: July 2021

Karşılıklı diyalog ve ilişki inşa etmek için yeni bir iletişim ortamı sunan günümüz teknolojisi devletlerin kitlelere yönelik ilişkilerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Geniş kitlelere ulaşmanın bir aracı olarak uluslararası yayıncılık, kamu diplomasisinin önemli boyutlarından biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; devletler tarafından finanse edilen uluslararası haber kuruluşlarının dijital mecralarında yer alan haber içeriklerinin kamu diplomasisi bağlamında incelenmesidir. Buradan hareketle Türkiye ve Rusya arasındaki S-400 Hava Savunma Sistemleri Anlaşmasına dair haberler, uluslararası yayıncılık yapan TRT World, Russian Today ve Voice of America internet haber sitelerinde yer alan içerikler üzerinden analiz yöntemi ile incelenmektedir. Sonuçta, S-400 anlaşmasına özelinde Türkiye’ye yönelik eleştirilerin uluslararası yayın kuruluşlarında daha fazla yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu noktada anlaşmaya taraf olan Türkiye’nin bakış açısının uluslararası alanda yansıtılması, mevcut ön yargıların ve endişelerin ortadan kaldırılması ve yabancı kamuoylarının ikna edilmesi için TRT World’ün varlığı önemlidir. Bununla birlikte gündemin sürekli olarak değiştiği uluslararası ilişkiler ortamında uluslararası yayınlar aracılığıyla ‘günlük iletişim ve bilgilendirme’ yapılırken kamu diplomasinin diğer boyutlarının da sürece dahil edilmesi ile uzun vadeli, kalıcı ve diyaloğa dayalı ilişkiler inşa edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Simülasyon Argümanı ve İnsanın Özü: The Congress Filminde Güzellik Algısının Sinematik Evreni
Authors: GÖKÇEM AKYILDIZ Selen
Published: July 2021

Hollywood’un içinde bulunduğu Batı kültürünün temel taşlarından birisi olan güzellik mitinin, 1930’lu yıllarda başlayan yıldız sistemi ile doruğa ulaşması ve takip eden yıllarda bilhassa kadınların fiziksel görünüşlerini belirleyen kuralları çerçevelediği bilinmektedir. Ne var ki teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında gençliğin ve güzelliğin övülmesi, daha uzun yıllar yaşlanmaktan kaçınılmasının telkin edilmesi, yaşlılığın insanı bir hiçe çevirmesi fikri sosyal medyanın da yardımı ile her geçen gün toplumda kabul gören bir düşünce haline gelmektedir. Ari Folman’ın yönettiği, fütürist bir distopya filmi olan The Congress (Son Şans), Stanislaw Lem’in The Futurological Congress (1971) adlı kitabından esinlenerek gerçek ve anime edilmiş görüntünün bir arada kullanılarak çekildiği bir filmdir. Yönetmen, Hollywood’un güzellik mitinden yola çıkarak, ana akım kültürün bitmeyen metalaşmasına ait göndermeler ile filmi şekillendirmiştir. Bu çalışma, güzellik algısının yanılsama ve gerçeklik teorileri ile harmanlanarak sunulduğu filmde bu algının insanın var oluşunun hiçe sayılması pahasına değerli kılınması üzerinde durmaktadır. Analiz sonucunda ise bir aktrisin kimliğinin dijital imgeyle belirlenmiş yeni film endüstrisinin hizmetinde nasıl yok olduğu ve sanat eserlerinin biricikliklerinin kaybolması gibi, insanların da biricik ve eşsiz olma özelliklerinin geride bırakılarak insan yığınları şeklinde sistemin ilahlaştırdığı kişilere benzemelerinin desteklendiği görüşünün irdelendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
IVF-ICSI/ET başarısızlığı olan infertil hastalarda histeroskopi bulgularının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TÜREYİCİ Lena , KAHVECİ Bekir , ÜRÜNSAK İbrahim Ferhat
Published: July 2021

fertilizasyon-intrastoplazmik sperm injeksiyonu/embriyo transferi) yapılmış ve başarısız olunmuş hastalarda histeroskopi ile intrauterin patolojileri saptamak ve bu patolojileri sınıflandırıp değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışma 2013-2019 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Balcalı Hastanesi Üreme Endokrinolojisi ve İnfertilite Bölümü’nde yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya, infertilite polikliniği’ne başvuran primer veya sekonder infertilite tanılı, daha önceden IVF-ICSI/ET yapılıp başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan ve bu nedenle histeroskopi uygulanan hastalar dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 228 hastanın histeroskopi sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bunlardan, %42,5’i (n=97) normal histeroskopik bulgulara, %57,5’i (n=131) anormal histeroskopik bulgulara sahipti. Bu anormal bulgular incelendiğinde, en sık izlenen patoloji endometrial polip %23,1 (n=36) idi. Diğer bulgular; intrauterin sineşi %20,5 (n=32), servikal patoloji %18,6 (n=29), servikal stenoz %13,5 (n=21), uterin subseptum %10,9 (n=17), myoma uteri %4,5 (n=7), arkuat uterus %3,2 (n=5), T-shape uterus %3,2 (n=5), intrauterin enfeksiyon %1,9 (n=3) ve vajinal septum %0,6 (n=1) idi.

Sonuç: İmplantasyon başarısızlığı olan hastalarda nedene yönelik ek incelemeler yapılmalıdır. Histeroskopinin IVF üzerine olan pozitif etkisi endometrial kavitedeki lezyonları saptama ve tedavi etmesi ile ilişkilidir. Ayrıca histeroskopi, diğer araştırma yöntemleri tarafından gözden kaçırılan intrauterin patolojileri saptayabilir. Böylece IVF başarısızlığı olan hastaların yönetimine olumlu katkı sağlayabilir.
GM2 gangliosidoses: evaluation of clinical, biochemical and genetic findings of patients with three novel mutations
Authors: BİLGİNER GÜRBÜZ Berrak , BULUT Fatma Derya , KOÇ UÇAR Habibe , SARIGEÇİLİ Esra , SARIKEPE Bilge , ÖZALP YÜREĞİR Özge
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnosis characteristics, clinic findings, phenotypical and genotypical features of children with GM2 gangliosidoses.

Materials and Methods: The file records of 14 patients diagnosed with GM2 gangliosidoses in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. The GM2 gangliosidoses diagnosis was confirmed by determining the levels of serum total hexosaminidase and β-hexosaminidase activity with genetic analysis.

Results: We identified a total of seven different mutations, three of which were novel (one in the HEXA gene and two in the HEXB gene) in 14 patients. We found a high frequency of c.1100_1111del (p.Gly367_Tyr370del) mutation in HEXA affected patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.46.3 months and 14.24.2 months for patients with Tay–Sachs disease (TSD) and Sandhoff disease (SD) respectively. Neuroregression was present in 92.9% of our patients. Of the 14 patients, 11 had epilepsy, 10 had developmental delay, 6 had hyperacusis, 6 had cherry-red spots and 6 had macrocephaly, but none of the patients had organomegaly.

Conclusion: GM2 gangliosidoses disease should be considered for children with developmental regression and/or delay. For early diagnosis, enzyme analysis and gene detection should be performed in children with suspected GM2 gangliosidoses in the presence of clinical findings.
Çocuk endokrinolojisi polikliniğinde boy kısalığına tanısal yaklaşım ve yeşil alan uygulamasının etkinliği
Authors: TURAN İhsan
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ayaktan pediatri polikliniğine boy kısalığı şikâyeti ile getirilen olguların ve onlara yapılan tetkiklerin analizi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Şanlıurfa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Endokrinolojisi polikliniğine 15 aylık süreçte boy kısalığı şikâyeti ile başvuran ardışık olgular retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Yönlendirme şekilleri, ilk değerlendirmemiz öncesindeki öyküleri, oksolojik analizleri ve tetkik sonuçları kayıt altına alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 9.44 olan 1835 ardışık olgu çalışmaya alındı. Olguların %43.6’sının hatalı yönlendirildiği tespit edildiİncelenen tetkiklerde en sık saptanan patolojilerin sırası ile anemi, Giardia üremesi ve Çölyak Hastalı otoantikor pozitifliği olduğu belirlendi. Analiz edilen 1026 kan örneğinde, kalsiyum, fosfor, alkalen fosfataz, sodyum ve kreatinin tetkiklerinin anormal sonuç gözlenmedi, sadece bir potasyum tetkikinin normalin üstünde olduğu saptandı.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda boy kısalığı şikâyeti ile çocuk endokrinolojisi kliniğine başvurmuş olguların %43.6’sının, yaş ve cinsiyetine göre normal boy aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hekim kararı ile yönlendirilen olguların %40.4’ünün boy ölçümü yapılmadan sevk edilmiş olduğu tespit edilmiştir ve boy kısalığı şikâyeti ile başvurmuş yüksek sayıda olgunun incelenmesi ile bölgenin bu sık rastlanılan şikâyete yaklaşımı raporlanmıştır. Boy kısalığı saptanan çocuklarda rutin olarak istenilen tetkiklerin birçoğunda patoloji saptanamamış olması, bu tetkiklerin gerekliliğini ve verimini tartışmaya açmıştır.
Comparison Between Traditional Web Design and CMS
Authors: Sindekar Vaishali A. , Pandey Anup Kumar S.
Published: July 2021

A Content Management System (CMS), is software that helps to create, manage and alter (modify) content on a website by users without the need for specialized technical knowledge. CMS is an activity of collecting, organizing, categorizing and structuring information that is to be published on the website. In lucid and simple language, a CMS is a tool that helps users to build a website without needing to write all the code from scratch. All basic infrastructure stuffs like building users own systems for creating (web pages), storing (images) are handled by CMS itself.
Efficient Data Mining Techniques to Improve Academic Performance of Students
Authors: Varade Rashmi V. , Thankanchan Blessy
Published: July 2021

Predicting the academic performance of students is very challenging due to large volume of data in the educational institutions database. Data mining techniques are implemented to predict students' academic performance in many institutions. Because of predicting students' performance, it will help teachers and institutions to decide strategies to teach to the students who are weak in studies and also they can define different strategies who are good in studies so that these students can perform better, So, aim of this paper is to study such a data mining technique which will help us to predict students' academic performance in advance.
Academic Performance Prediction of Undergraduate Students using Decision Tree Algorithm
Authors: Varade Rashmi V. , Thankanchan Blessy
Published: July 2021

Data mining is a technique for extracting meaningful information or patterns from large amounts of data. These techniques are frequently utilised for analysis and prediction in practically all fields around the world. It's employed in a variety of fields, including education, business, health care, fraud detection, financial banking, and manufacturing engineering. This study explores the Decision Tree data mining methodology for predicting undergraduate students' academic performance.
Quality of life, depression and self-perceived burden among geriatric and non-geriatric hemodialysis patients
Authors: Oztop Kenan Evren , Cetin Ferhat , Genc Ahmed Bilal , Varim Ceyhun , Sipahi Savas
Published: July 2021

Background: Many hemodialysis patients need support at various levels from their relatives while performing their daily activities. The ‘burden’ of these needs of patients on their relatives and their negative effects on their lives have been shown in the literature. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ‘care burden’ in terms of the patient.Methods: The patient who had received hemodialysis for at least 3 months was included in the study. A patient identification form including demographic data and medical history data was prepared. The Perceived care burden scale, Beck depression scale and WHO Quality of life questionnaire were applied to the patients.Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was found between SPBS and BDI (p<0.001, r=0.820). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the perceived care burden and all sub-dimensions of the quality of life scale (p<0.001). The frequency of comorbidity in the geriatric group was higher than non-geriatric group. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between comorbidity and QOL (p<0.001).   The median scores of all sub-dimensions of the QOL scale were lower in geriatric group and there were significance differences except environment dimension.Conclusions: The self-perceived burden on caregivers of hemodialysis patients was positively associated with depression and negatively associated with QOL. Decrease in QOL was more pronounced in geriatric patients.
Pay satisfaction among doctors and nurses in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ozumba Lillian N. , Alabere Ibidabo D.
Published: July 2021

Background: Employee pay is an important area in human resources management which influences individual behaviour including absenteeism in organizations. Pay satisfaction is a primary concern to employees because of its importance in satisfying their economic needs. The research was conducted to determine the occurrence and factors affecting employee pay satisfaction among doctors and nurses working in a tertiary hospital. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used for this research on a sample of 320 doctors and nurses in a tertiary hospital that were selected using stratified sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire containing pay satisfaction details amongst others was used to collect data from the respondents. The data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences version 22 and statistical significance was set at 0.05. The results were presented in tables.Results: The prevalence of pay satisfaction in this study was 16.9%. Specifically, monthly earning (p=0.003) and job category (p=0.008) were found to be significantly associated with pay satisfaction.Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of respondents that were satisfied with their pay was low. There is need to apply practical measures that will improve pay satisfaction among doctors and nurses so as to improve productivity in the health sector.