bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL BUY THE SERVICES ANGKUTAN UMUM MASSAL KOTA METROPOLITAN: APAKAH SUBSIDI MASIH DIPERLUKAN?
Authors: Prayudyanto Muhammad Nanang
Published: June 2021

Angkutan perkotaan adalah denyut mobilitas transportasi perkotaan di dunia maju bahkan juga di negara berkembang lainnya, peran angkutan umum perkotaan sangat diperhitungkan. Di Korea Selatan, Jepang, Colombia, Brazil, bahkan di Hong Kong peran angkutan umum sampai 86%. Subsidi adalah keniscayaan agar peran angkutan umum bisa tetap eksis. Di Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Jerman, Perancis bahkan Mesir dan Turki pun subsidi kepada angkutan umum tetap dijamin negara. Di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa besaran subsidi bahkan mencapai 70% dari total biaya operasinya.Di Indonesia, subsidi dijamin dalam regulasi transportasi Nasional dalam Undang-undang Nomor. 22 tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan, Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan KM Hub No. 60/2007 tentang Pemberian Subsidi Angkutan Umum berbasis Jalan, dan dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) tahun 2014-2019. Subsidi diperlukan untuk mendorong peran angkutan umum di perkotaan, namun keterbatasan anggaran pemerintah mendorong untuk dikembangkan konsep pembelian layanan melalui metode baru yaitu buy the services. Buy the services mendukung keseimbangan angkutan umum modern berbasis integrasi antara prasarana, sarana serta pengoperasian. Analisis konsep buy the services dilakukan pada dua kota metropolitan, Medan dan Denpasar untuk membandingkan kinerja pelayanan dan operasional. Studi membuktikan bahwa dengan perencanaan yang baik, buy the services bisa mengurangi subsidi pemerintah dan meningkatkan pelayanan angkutan umum.
Analisis Perilaku Pengemudi Truk Serta Kontribusinya Pada Kecelakaan
Authors: Hartanto Budi Dwi
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKIn Indonesia, the death rate due to road traffic accidents is still quite high, with some of these accidents involving trucks. Several studies stated that the main cause of traffic accidents is human error. Therefore, research related to the behavior of truck drivers and their contribution to accidents is necessary.There are four variables used in this study, namely green driver (X1), multitasking driving (X2), aggressive driving (Y), and accidents (Z). Path analysis is used to describe the relationship and influence between variables.The results of the analysis show that the green driver variable and the multitasking driving variable simultaneously have a direct effect on aggressive driving behavior, but the two variables have no direct effect on the level of accident risk. Green drivers and multitasking driving have an indirect effect on the level of accident risk through the level of aggressive driving behavior which functions as an intervening variable.ABSTRAKDi Indonesia tingkat kematian yang diakibatkan  kecelakaan lalu lintas jalan masih cukup tinggi, dimana sebagian dari kecelakaan tersebut melibatkan kendaraan angkutan barang (truk). Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa penyebab utama terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah human error. Oleh sebab maka penelitian terkait dengan perilaku pengemudi truk serta kontribusinya pada kecelakaaan perlu untuk dilakukan.Terdapat empat variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu variabel usia muda serta minim pengalaman (X1), mengemudi dalam kondisi multitasking (X2), mengemudi secara agresif (Y), dan potensi terjadinya kecelakaan (Z). Untuk menggambarkan hubungan dan pengaruh antar variabel digunakan analisis jalur (path analysis).Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa variabel usia muda serta minim pengalaman dan variabel mengemudi dalam kondisi multitasking secara simultan berpengaruh langsung terhadap perilaku mengemudi agresif, namun kedua variabel tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap tingkat resiko kecelakaan. Usia muda serta minim pengalaman dan mengemudi dalam kondisi multitasking berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap tingkat resiko kecelakaan melalui tingkat perilaku mengemudi agresif yang berfungsi sebagai variabel intervening
Recovery kondisi Denyut Nadi dengan Joging dan Istirahat Dinamis
Authors: Laksana Bagas Dwi , Ugelta Surdiniaty , Jajat Jajat
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan dari penelitian yaitu, untuk mengkaji apakah ada perbedaan pengaruh recovery jogging dengan recovery dinamis terhadap pulih asal denyut nadi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kausal komparatif, dan teknik pengambilan data dengan pusposive sampeling. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 tim jogging dengan recovery dinamis. Sampel berjumlah 10 orang dan terdiri dari 2 tim futsal laki – laki yang berusia 18 – 24 tahun. Instrumen pada penelitian menggunakan alat ukur tes bantu heart rate polar Ft 7. Tujuan alat heart rate monitor ( Hrm ) adalah untuk memonitor detak jantung sampel pada tes penelitian games futsal secara langsung, atau real time, menampilkan jumlah detak jantung per menit secara langsung, selama beraktivitas jasmani. Berdasarkan hasil pengolah data menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan, bila dilihat dan dijelaskan dari hasil deskriptif terjadi perbedaan hasil  angka data yaitu, hasil penelitian recovery istirahat aktif jogging 11.0 dan recovery istirahat aktif dinamis 31.20. Penulusuran atau penelitian lebih lanjut yang spesifik dan sistematis harus diperlukan karena untuk akurasi hasil data penelitian. Disarankan agar dilakukan tes kebugaran Vo2 max lebih dahulu karena untuk mengetahui kondisi fisik sampel penelitian.
Validasi Instrumen Sport Orientation Questionnaire Untuk Mahasiswa
Authors: Ginanjar Agi
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memvalidasi Sport Orientation Questionnaire untuk mahasiswa khusunya jurusan olahraga. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskirtif. Patisipan dalam penelitian mahasiswa program studi pendidikan jasmani, kesehatan, dan rekreasi STKIP Nahdlatul Ulama Indramayu sebanyak 147 mahasiswa (128 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan). Temuan dari penelitian ini model fit menunjukan model fit yang baik. Sehingga disarankan untuk mengembangkan atau memvalidasi Sport Orientation Questionnaire keberbagai tingkat satuan pendidikan dalam pendidikan jasmani dan kepada mahasiswa diluar jurusan olahraga.
Aktivitas Fisik dan Body Mass Index Pada Anak Usia Dini: Pengukuran METs dengan Accelerometer ActivPAL
Authors: Ramdani Rahmawati , Jajat Jajat , Sutisna Nana , Sudrazat Adang , Risma Risma
Published: June 2021

Level aktivitas fisik dan body mass index (BMI) anak usia dini berhubungan erat dengan berbagai penyakit dan resiko kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan pengeluaran energi (MET’s) aktivitas fisik yang diukur dengan accelerometer ActivPAL dengan BMI pada anak usia dini. Sampel berjumlah 65 orang anak usia dini berusia 4 tahun pada PAUD/Kober yang ada di Jawa Barat. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur aktivitas fisik adalah accelerometer ActiPAL yang dipasang selama 5 hari selama 24 jam pada partisipan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengeluaran energi aktivitas fisik (MET’s) dengan BMI pada anak usia dini (p > .05) Perlu ada kajian lebih mendalam lagi terkait dengan hasil penelitian ini.
Pembelajaran Direct Instruction dan Personalized System For Instruction Terhadap Jumlah Waktu Aktif Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani
Authors: Rustiawan Hendra , Risma Risma , Nursasih Isna Daniyati
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran pendidikan yaitu personalized system individualized dan direct instruction serta mana yang lebih tepat diberikan pada siswa tingkatan sekolah menengah. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen. Populasi penelitian di SMA N 3 Kabupaten Ciamis. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 orang pada kelas olahraga. Instrumen penelitian adalah observasi jumlah waktu aktif belajar pada pelajaran penjas materi pembelajaran adalah lay up shoot bola basket dalam bentuk persentase antara alokasi waktu fokus dengan siswa fokus. Hasilnya bahwa model pembelajaran personalized system individualized dan direct instruction dapat diberikan pada tingkatan sekolah menengah atas. Kesimpulannya bahwa ke-dua model pembelajaran tersebut dapat diberikan karena akan memberikan motivasi belajar siswa dengan adanya model pembelajaran yang berbeda.The purpose of this research was the studied the educational learning model that were a personalized system and direct instruction as well as which was more appropriate given to secondary school students. The research method was experimental. The study population in SMA N 3 Ciamis Indonesia. The participants was 30 students in sports class. The research instrument was the observated of the amount of active learning time on the physical education learning subject matter by lay up shoot basketball in the form of a comparison between the time focus and students focus. How the personalization system learning model and direct instruction can be given at the high school assessment. In conclusion the learning model that can be given because it will provide student learning with different learning models.
Perbandingan Hasil Latihan Lari Shuttle Run Dengan Latihan Shadow Terhadap Kelincahan Footwork Pada Cabang Olahraga Bulutangkis
Authors: Kardani Gani , Rustiawan Hendra
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan shuttle run dan latihan shadow terhadap kelincahan footwork pada permainan bulutangkis (Eksperimen pada siswa ekstrakulikuler bulutangkis SMPNegeri 2 Ciawi - Tasikmalaya). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Kegiatan latihan ini dilakukan selama 16 kali pertemuan. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa ekstrakulikuler bulutangkis SMP Negeri 2 Ciawi -Tasikmalaya. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 40 orang. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 orang yang di ambil secara random melalui teknik undian. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua bagian masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 15 orang. Instrumen penelitian dilakukan dengan tes lari zig – zag Run yang dilakukan pada tes awal dan tes akhir. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa kedua bentuk latihan shuttle run dan shadow sama efektifnya terhadap kelincahan footwork pada permainan bulutangkis siswa ekstrakulikuler bulutangkis SMP Negeri 2 Ciawi-Tasikmalaya. Untuk meningkatkan kelincahan footwork pada siswa ekstrakulikuler bulutangkis di SMP Negeri 2 Ciawi - Tasikmalaya disarankan agar menggunakan bentuk latihan shadow. Karena pengaruhnya lebih berarti dibandingkan dengan latihan shuttle run. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Shuttle Run and Shadow training on footwork agility in badminton (Experiments on badminton extracurricular students at Junior High School 2 Ciawi - Tasikmalaya). This research was used experimental method. This training activity was carried out for 16 meetings. The study population was the students of the badminton extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 2 Ciawi-Tasikmalaya. The total population were 40 people. The research sample were 30 people who were taken randomly through a lottery technique. The sample was divided into two parts, each group totaling 15 people. The research instrument was carried out by the Zig-zag Run test which was carried out on the initial test and the final test. The results showed that the two forms of Shuttle Run and Shadow exercises were equally effective against the agility of footwork in badminton extracurricular games for students at SMP Negeri 2 Ciawi - Tasikmalaya. To improve footwork agility in badminton extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 2 Ciawi - Tasikmalaya, it is suggested to use a form of shadow exercise. Because the effect is more meaningful than the Shuttle Run practice.
Dampak Latihan Simple Circuit dan Running Circuit Terhadap Peningkatan Daya Tahan Kardiovaskular Dan Kelelahan
Authors: Maulana Cece , Rustiawan Hendra , Maryati Sri
Published: June 2021

Metode latihan simple circuit dengan running circuit dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan daya tahan kardiovaskular dan kelelahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang dugunakan adalah two-group pre-test-post-test design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa putra tingkat empat semester genap tahaun ajaran 2019-2020.Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah teknik stratified random sampling. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) untuk tes daya tahan kardiovaskular (vo2max) dan flamingo balance tes. Uji analisis data menggunakan uji hipotesis yaitu paired sample t-test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase peningkatan daya tahan kardiovaskular pada metode latihan simple circuit sebesar 2.06%, Persentase peningkatan daya tahan kardiovaskular pada metode latihan running circuit sebesar 15.02%. Sedangkan hasil penelitian kelelahan pada metode simple circuit sebesar 22.36%, Persentase peningkatan kelelahan pada metode latihan running circuit sebesar 9.58%. Kesimpulannya adalah metode latihan simple circuit dan running circuit berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap daya tahan kardiovaskular, sedangkan pada variabel kelelahan meningkat secara negatif. Penulis menyarankan agar adanya penelitian lanjutan bagian durasi pemberian latihan pada ke-dua metode latihan tersebut agar hasil penelitian yang didapatkan lebih baik.This research aims to determine the simple circuit training method with running circuits to increase cardiovascular endurance and fatigue. The research method used was experimental. The research design used was a two-group pre-test-post-test design. The study was male students in the fourth semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The sampling technique used was the stratified random sampling technique. The instruments used in this research were the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) for the cardiovascular endurance test (vo2max) and the flamingo balance test for fatigue. Test data analysis using hypothesis testing, namely paired sample t-test. The results showed that increased cardiovascular endurance in the simple circuit training method was 2.06%; the percentage of increased cardiovascular endurance in the running circuit training method was 15.02%. While fatigue research results on the simple circuit method were 22.36%, the rate of increased fatigue in the running circuit training method was 9.58%. The conclusion is the simple circuit training method and running circuit have a significant effect on cardiovascular endurance, while the fatigue variable increases negatively. The author suggests that there should be further research on the duration of giving exercise in both training methods. The research results obtained are better.
Kecerdasan Intelektual, Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Kinerja Wasit/Juri Karate
Authors: Rachmawati Ammy , Risma Risma
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecerdasan intelektual dan kecerdasan emosional dengan kinerja wasit/juri karate. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif teknik korelasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan oleh wasit karate Jawa Barat sebanyak 15 subjek penelitian sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes Advanced Progresif Matrics dan The Emotional Intelligence Quostionaire. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: 1) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecerdasan intelektual dengan kinerja wasit/juri karate, 2) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecerdasan emosional dengan kinerja wasit karate, 3) Terdapat hubungan antara kecerdasan intelektual dan kecerdasan emosional secara bersama-sama dengan kinerja wasit/juri karate dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,808 yang menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat kuat dan kontribusi sebesar 65,3% dan sisanya sebesar 34,7% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Variabel kecerdasan emosi memiliki hubungan yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan kecerdasan intelektual. Namun mempunyai peran yang sama penting dalam kinerja wasit/juri saat memimpin pertandingan.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence with the performance of the referee/karate jury. This studied used a quantitative approach using descriptive methods of correlational techniques. This research was conducted by a karate referee in West Java, as many as 15 subjects were sampled using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used the Advanced Progressive Matrics Test and The Emotional Intelligence Quostionaire. The results of the studied proved that: 1) There was a significant relationship between intellectual intelligence and the performance of karate referees/judges, 2) There was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and the performance of karate referees, 3) There was a relationship between intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence together with the performance of the referee/karate jury with a correlation coefficient of 0.808 which indicates a very strong relationship and a contribution of 65.3% and the remaining 34.7% is influenced by other factors. The emotional intelligence variable has a stronger relationship than intellectual intelligence. However, it has an equally important role in the performance of the referee / judge when leading the match.
Pengaruh Efektivitas Penilaian Sistem Digital Pertandingan Pencak Silat Berbasis Komputer Dengan Sistem Penilaian Manual
Authors: Nurzaman Muhammad , Nursasih Isna Daniyati
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektivan pengaruh penilaian sistem digital berbasis komputer yang sekarang sering digunakan dalam pertandingan pencak silat dibandingkan dengan penilaian sistem manual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriftif  dengan sampel penelitiannya yaitu para wasit juri yang sedang melaksanakan pertandingan pencak silat di PPLM Unpad dengan desain penelitian angket. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket tertutup berupa pilihan lima option jawaban yang sudah tersedia di dalam angket dan angket ini menggunakan pengukuran rating-scale yang dapat memperlihatkan perbandingan kualitas alat. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa efektivitas penilaian sistem digital berbasis komputer terdapat nilai dengan 852 sedangkan efektivitas penilaian sistem manual berkisar 773 dan rata-rata kualitas nilai penilaian sistem digital berbasis komputer berkisar 4,9 dan penilaian sistem manual adalah 4,6 bisa kita bandingkan bahwa rata-rata penilaian sistem digital berbasis komputer lebih tinggi di bandingkan dengan sistem manual. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa penilaian sistem digital berbasis komputer lebih bagus untuk digunakan pada pertandingan pencak silat.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the influence of computer-based digital assessment systems which are now often used in pencak silat competitions compared to manual system assessments. The research method used in this research was descriptived method with the research sample, namely the referees of the jury who were carrying out a pencak silat competition at PPLM Unpad with a questionnaire research design. The instrument used in this studied was a closed questionnaire in the form of a choice of five answer options that were already available in the questionnaire and this questionnaire used a rating-scale measurement that can show a comparison of the quality of the tool. From the research results, it was known that the effectiveness of the assessment of the computer-based digital system has a value of 852, while the effectiveness of the manual system assessment is around 773 and the average quality value of the computer-based digital system assessment is around 4.9 and the manual system assessment is 4.6 we could compared -The rate of assessment for computer-based digital systems was higher than that of manual systems. This shows that the computer-based digital assessment system was better for used in pencak silat matches.
Hypothesis: Relationship between Coronavirus Disease-19 and Periodontal status
Authors: Ligade Shruti S. , Shah Yogita S.
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting 185 countries and >18.8 million patients worldwide as of July 2020. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-2) and majorly manifesting as a hypoxic condition in the affected patients. It has shown to multiply rapidly among patients showing other debilities, majorly hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Periodontitis is defined as a multifactorial disease predominantly governed by microbial dysbiosis and having risk factors as the presence of systemic pathology, decline in immunity, and increased stress. Keeping these factors as a plausible threat for periodontitis, there can be a postulation made that periodontitis can act as a probable risk factor for COVID-19. Limited resources and novelty of the disease hold back any confirmation of the co-relation.
Comparison of the rate of maxillary canine retraction with or without modified corticotomy facilitated orthodontic treatment
Authors: Kokila M. , Pai Vinaya S. , Krishna Siri , Kalladka Gautham , Rajaram Shreyas , Goankar Shivparasad
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the rate of maxillary canine retraction in cases with modified corticotomy versus without modified corticotomy. Clinical interventional study. Split mouth design was used.

Materials and Methods:

A sample size of ten patients and 20 sites were selected within the age group of 18–35 years following all criteria of the study. Before orthodontic leveling and alignment, upper first premolar extraction was carried out under local anesthesia. Pre-treatment OPG and IOPA were taken in relation to the maxillary canine and maxillary second premolar teeth. One extraction side was considered as the experimental site and contralateral side as control. Leveling and alignment were started with wire sequence. After modified corticotomy procedure, the canine retraction was started with 8 mm NiTi closed coil spring. The amount of tooth movement was recorded with the help of a Digital Vernier Caliper at an interval of 1 month till the completion of canine retraction.

Results:

Paired t-test showed higher mean velocity of tooth movement in modified corticotomy side (1.07 ± 0.25) as compared to the conventional side (0.91 ± 0.24), (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The modified corticotomy technique serves as an effective treatment modality for adults seeking orthodontic treatment with increased rate of orthodontic canine retraction.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Induced by Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors:   Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, G Yanyan , L Yupeng ,   Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, L Yuanyuan ,   Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, Z Fangfang ,   Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, W Meiying ,   Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT/A) is a bacterial toxin commonly used in cosmetic therapy. Although there has been a great deal of clinical and basic research on the potential therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin there are few reports on its clinical toxicity and side effects. Patient Concerns: A previously healthy 26-year-old woman developed joint pain and redness in her right toe, swelling in the posterior left foot and the interphalangeal joint of the right index finger, occasional shoulder pain, and morning stiffness for 30 minutes daily, 6 months after BoNT/A injection. Diagnosis: Laboratory testing showed elevated Rheumatoid Factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Doppler ultrasound examination of the right hand and both feet showed synovial hyperplasia of the right wrist, right second proximal interphalangeal joint, both ankles, and right first metatarsophalangeal joint, as well as bony erosion in a left intertarsal joint. Magnetic Resonance (MR) examination for right hand showed multiple joint changes of right hand and wrist, which included synovium thickening and enhancement. She was diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis. Interventions: BoNT/A injection was stopped. Methotrexate 10mg was given once weekly and hydroxychloroquine 0.2g was given twice daily with subsequent remission of arthritis. Outcomes: At 12 months from diagnosis, patient reported complete joints remission. Conclusions: This is the first report of rheumatoid arthritis caused by botulinum toxin injection, and we speculate on the mechanism of its occurrence in this paper. In addition, we systematically introduce the latest research results on the development mechanism of BoNT/A causing RA. This review suggests that it is necessary to further explore the specific mechanism of RA or osteochondral injury caused by BoNT/A, which will not only help to improve the current understanding of the potential toxic and side effects of BoNT/A in clinical application, but also promote the standardization of clinical application of BoNT/A.
Protective Effects of Sesamol on the Brains of Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors:   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China, X Guannan , G Xiujuan ,   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China, L Xin ,   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China, Z Yujue ,   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China, L Zhaoyong ,   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China, C Ximeng ,   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China, L Fengzhen ,   Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng Dongchangfu Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China
Published: June 2021

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular event associated with brain tissue injury, representing the most common cause of death. Thrombolysis and recanalization are the principal treatment modalities for ischemic stroke. Some patients experience cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury following treatment. A previous study established that sesamol is effective in reducing risk factors for stroke. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of sesame phenol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 72 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (MCAO) group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with low dose sesame phenol (MCAO+sesamol A) group and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with high dose sesame phenol (MCAO + sesamol B) group. After cerebral ischemia had been induced for 2h and reperfusion conducted for 24h, the volume of cerebral infarction, the degree of cerebral edema and the neurological deficit scores were tested. The results showed sesamin improved the neurological deficit score in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, degree of cerebral edema. Prophylactic treatment with sesame phenol provided neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
A Comprehensive Study on COVID-19 Epidemiology, Anatomical Assemblage and Its Mechanism
Authors:   Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome Private Limited, Bangalore, India, Sharma Sameer , R Chourasiya ,   Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome Private Limited, Bangalore, India, D Susha ,   Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome Private Limited, Bangalore, India
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19, or also called SARS-CoV-2, which is causative agent of probably inevitable disease which is of big global public health problem. COVID-19 is a positive stranded RNA virus that is majorly found in wildlife & humans. And the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is unleashing chaos across the world due to inadequate risk assessment with reference to insistence of problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has enrolled in a critical novel phase. When compared to MERS & SARS, SARS-CoV-2 has transmitted more rapidly, because of increased globalization and adaptation of Novel coronavirus. However, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 showing an immediate requirement for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the different symptoms in COVID-19, SARS, MERS & common flu as well as structure of virus regarding its immune response and we are providing a brief about the Indian traditional plants as conceivable novel therapeutic pathways.
Childhood Trauma as a Risk Factor of Adult Fear of Birth and the Preference of a Caesarean Section
Authors:   Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, C Höpfner , J Frommer ,   Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, F Junne ,   Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, M Vogel ,   Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, C Schwartz ,   Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany, M Walter ,   Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
Published: June 2021

Background: Tokophobia (TP) is linked to negative affect, posttraumatic distress and the request for Caesarean Section. Prior trauma and some corresponding personality features, including typical of borderline personality, contribute to TP. With the conflictual object of this fear being a relational one, TP is amenable to psychodynamic heuristics. We investigate Childhood Trauma (CHT), emotional distress, dissociation and borderline personality organization (BPO) along with TP and the request for Caesarean Section in 153 pregnant women, based on the assumption that CS and TP represent the two sides of the same coin, and that their relationship would be rooted in correlates of trauma such as dissociation or BPO. Method: We used the WIJMA questionnaire, the dissociative experience scale, the childhood trauma screener, the IPO-16, and the BSI-18, as well as Kendall´s tau, linear regression and a mediation analysis. Result: The wish for CS was associated with TP and occurred in 6.3% of the sample. Correlations showed between TP and BPO, emotional distress and CHT. Linear regression revealed the prediction of TP by CHT, and the effect of CHT on the wish for CS was fully mediated by TP. Ambivalence regarding the preferred mode of birth coincided with the greatest emotional distress including TP. Dissociation did not contribute to TP. Discussion: CHT may be a cornerstone of the psychodynamics leading to the preference of CS over natural birth. TP mediates the respective effects on the wish for CS and may reproduce the ambivalence of childhood experiences of interpersonal adversity.
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Palestinian Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Islamic University of Gaza, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Palestine, NI Abu-El-Noor
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic became a global pandemic in early 2020. The pandemic has many impacts on people’s live posing a threat to their physical and mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Palestinian nursing students residing in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 345 nursing students from the Islamic University of Gaza completed on line questionnaire packet that included demographic data and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Results: Results from this study revealed that most of our participants were females (79.1%), single (82.3%), not working (90.4%) and having no chronic disease (94.8%). Variant levels of anxiety were reported by participants with 34.5% of them having mild, 31% moderate and 19.1% severe levels of anxiety. Levels of anxiety reported in this study were not impact by any study variables such as age, sex, study year, etc. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The results of this study revealed high levels of anxiety among nursing students. The closure of the universities, the new experience of e-learning along with the multi-stressors already prevailing in the Gaza Strip have contributed to this high level of anxiety. Universities and the health care system in the Gaza Strip should pay attention to reduce anxiety levels among students. This could be approached by providing online training courses or setting channels of one-to-one online or phone counseling for students to alleviate negative psychological effects and to enhance mental health of students.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysms and Neonatal Outcome: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors:   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, AC Lianza , SS Morhy ,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, GMP Tavares ,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, CC Gallafrio ,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, KSS Sawamura ,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, CH Fischer ,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
Published: June 2021

Ductus arteriosus aneurysm is a rare condition characterized by a saccular or tubular dilatation of the ductus with potentially fatal outcome due to complications such as rupture, thromboembolism, and infection, compression of adjacent structures and coarctation of the aorta [1]. Association with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are also described [2,3]. Therefore, we aimed to describe two recent cases of aneurysm of ductus arteriosus assessed by fetal echocardiography and their neonatal outcomes.
Method Development and Validation of Metoprolol and Felodipine by using RP-HPLC in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Potturi Ramadevi  , Kantipudi Rambabu
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this research is to develop and validate a simple, specific, precise, sensitive, cost effective and rapid Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous quantification of Felodipine and Metoprolol in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation of the analytes were carried out on a X-bridge phenyl column with a moving phase composed of 0.1 % Tri ethyl amine: acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) delivered at a stream of 1.0 ml/min, and separation has been observed by UV detector, at a detection wavelength of 235 nm. This method was proven to be linear over a concentration limit of 10-150 µg/ml for Metoprolol, 2-30 µg/ml for Felodipine with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The retention time of Metoprolol and Felodipine were 2.936, 4.535 minutes respectively. To separate Metoprolol and Felodipine peaks a run time of 8 min. was used. The validation results were in good agreement with acceptable limits. RSD values which are less than 2.0 % indicating the accuracy and precision of this method. Hence it was evident that the proposed method was said to be a suitable one for the regular analysis and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations which contain these active drugs either individually or in combination.
Modern Views on the Physical Therapy of Patients after Surgical Treatment of Fractures of the Ankle Joint Bones
Authors:   National university of physical training and sport of Ukraine. 1, Fizkultury St., Kyiv 02000, Ukraine, Borsukevych T. S. , Nikanorov O. K. , Zaiets V. B.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze modern means of restoring motor functions used for patients with fractures of the ankle joint bones after surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The work is the result of analysis and generalization of special scientific and methodological literature of domestic and foreign authors and Internet data on the features of the use of modern methods of physical therapy for patients with fractures of the ankle joint bones after surgical treatment. Results and discussion. Physical therapy for patients with fractures of the ankle joint bones is integral to a speedy recovery. Due to the fact that after surgery, it is mandatory to apply a plaster cast or a fixator to the joint for about 6 weeks – the strength of the lower extremities is lost, joint contracture appears, there is aching pain and a decrease in the range of motion. It is necessary to start classes with a physical therapist as early as possible, already on the second day after the operation, if the general condition of the patient is satisfactory. Patients require early postoperative functional physical therapy under the supervision of a physical therapist to improve joint function and proprioception, and to promote edema regression (lymphatic drainage). Patients with fractures associated with ligament injuries especially require proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to protect them from the risk of chronic ankle instability. Generally, recovery for patients with this trauma is slow and requires patience. There is some evidence that early introduction of activity during the immobilization period may be beneficial for patients. By doing light ankle exercises, the range of motion is improved, pain disappears and the function of the joint improves. Also, early stress on body weight is associated with many benefits, including better mobility, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to work. However, there are other claims that early exercise increases the risk of surgical site infection, reoperation, and surgical fixation failure. Given the lack of evidence to determine it should be noted that additional research is needed to address this issue. Conclusions. Current evidence on the physical therapy of fractures of the ankle joint bones after immobilization shows that separate physical therapies do not accelerate the recovery process. This suggests that physical therapy must be comprehensive and must necessarily focus on a progressive and structured exercise program. Also, recent studies have shown that exercise is an effective mean of physical therapy, especially balance exercises
Acute and Chronic Kidney Injury due to the Influence of Opioids. Literature Review
Authors:   Lviv Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University. 69, Pekarskaya St., Lviv 79010, Ukraine, Vilkhova I. V.
Published: June 2021

Acute kidney injury is the cause of death for about 2 million people a year worldwide and often leads to the development of chronic renal failure. Use of opioids is one of the reasons of acute and chronic kidney injuries. Most drugs or their metabolites are excreted by the kidneys and lead to the changes of the structure and functions of this organ. Drug abuse is a social problem in the modern world and the use of opioids in treatment of chronic pain syndrome is common in medical practice, because of this, knowledge of the mechanisms of kidney injury under the influence of opioids is important in medical practice. Compliance of morphological changes in kidneys to the severity of clinical syndrome of decreased glomerular filtration rate and the level of biochemical markers due to acute kidney injury and chronic renal disease remains relevant. Causes of acute kidney injury while using opioids may be renal ischemia as a result of decreased glomerular filtration rate, hypotension, dehydration and also rhabdomyolysis and acute urinary retention. It is shown that one of the causes of renal ischemia while using the opioids is increased influence of parasympathetic nervous system and decreased influence of sympathetic nervous system. Usage of opioids indirectly inhibits renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through the changes of catecholamines. The influence of opioids on synthesis of antidiuretic hormone was established, namely – usage of opioids leads to the decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and as a result – to increased diuresis. Presented review of literature was used for analysis of pathogenic factors, biochemical changes and morphological forms of kidney ingury due to the usage of opioids. Sources which were used include studies of morphofunctional changes of kidneys of those who had drug addiction and those who used opioids for a long time because of medical reasons. The results of experimental studies of the structure and function of the kidneys under the opioid influence are also presented. The morphological forms of kidney injury under the action of the most commonly used opioids, in particular morphine, cocaine, heroin, were analyzed. The data of investigation of pathogenetic links of acute and chronic kidney injuries and biochemical deviations that are common for disturbance of functions of kidneys under the influence of opioids are presented. This review can be used for experimental works related to the study of the mechanisms of kidney damage under the influence of opioids, as well as in the treatment of kidney pathology of drug addicts and people who used opioids for a long time due to medical reasons
Features of Pathogenesis and Course of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbid with it Cardiovascular Pathology in Elderly Patients
Authors:   LT Malaya National Institute of Therapy of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2-a, Lyubov Malaya Pr., Kharkiv 61039, Ukraine, Gorb Yu. G. , Strona V. I. , Tkachenko O. V. , Serik S. A. , Ryabukha V. V.
Published: June 2021

The features of the pathogenesis and course of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diseases of the cardiovascular system comorbid with it are considered in patients of elderly and old age – coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure. The leading role of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the development of metabolic, homeostatic disorders, the formation of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which, together with age-related changes in the body, contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications, primarily diabetic cardiomyopathy. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between cognitive impairment, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure. The main factors that worsen the course and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients, in particular, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetic polyneuropathy, nephropathy, and other concomitant diseases, have been identified. Lack of compensation for type 2 diabetes due to metabolic disorders leads to the development of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy along with the progression of atherosclerotic lesions of different localization. The course of type 2 diabetes in these patients is often complicated by geriatric syndrome, which contains a set of cognitive impairment, senile weakness, depression, functional disorders, polymorbidity. Cognitive disorders negatively affect the course of type 2 diabetes and its complications, significantly disrupting the process of teaching patients the methods of self-control, following the advice of a doctor. It is noted that the management of this category of patients should be individual and include adequate correction of hyperglycemia to prevent microvascular complications and hypoglycemic conditions, as well as reduce cardiovascular mortality and maintain quality of life. Rational selection of drugs, taking into account the factors that determine their impact on the body of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and possible adverse drug reactions, will increase the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy in such patients. Optimizing therapeutic approaches for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes requires effective changes in the health care system to provide them with comprehensive medical and social care according to their special needs
Histological Changes in the Components of Aerogematic Barrier in 24 Hours after Modeling of Acute Renal Failure
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. 2, Hrushevskoho St., Ivano-Frankivsk 76000, Ukraine, Klishch I. P.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, acute renal failure remains one of the most complex problems in modern medicine. Multiple studies have proved that acute renal failure is frequently accompanied by the development of acute lung injury and its most severe form – acute respiratory distress syndrome. According to the literature, lethality in case of acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome is extremely high and is 30-65%. In case of combination of acute renal failure and acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, the most frequently observed in critical patients, lethality reaches 80%. The purpose of the study was to study the possibility of ultrastructural changes of the respiratory tract in the lungs due to experimental modeling of acute renal failure. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 30 mature white male rats weighting 180-220 grams. Acute renal failure was induced by intramuscular administration of 50% glycerol water solution in dose of 10 ml per 1 kg of body mass. The sampling of lung tissue for electron microscopy study was carried out under the ketamine anaesthesia in 24 hours after beginning of the experiment. The pieces of lung tissue were fixed in 2.5% solution of gluteraldehyde with further postfixation in 1% solution of osmium tetroxide. After dehydration, the material was poured over epon araldite. The cuts, obtained on ultramicrotome “Tesla BS-490”, were studied using electron microscope “PEM-125K”. Results and discussion. In 24 hours after the beginning of the experiment, the changes in the alveolocytes of types I and II, endotheliocytes, alveolar macrophages are accompanied by the development of intracellular edema with ultrastructural disorder of organelles. Because of endotheliocytes edema and aggregation of forming blood elements, some blood capillaries lumens are closed or drastically narrowed. In some blood capillaries, we observe disorder of the luminal membrane integrity of endothelial cells accompanied by exit of the intracellular content into the micro blood vessel lumen. The expressed disorders of structural organization of the components of pulmonary aero-hematic barrier cause the exit of forming blood elements into the interstitial tissue and alveoli. Conclusion. Тhe detected changes in 24 hours of the experiment have a dystrophic-destructive character and are manifested by the development of edema in alveolocytes of types I and II, alveolar macrophages, endotheliocytes of hemocapillaries. Perspective for further research. Considering the severity of ultrastructural changes that develop in experimental acute renal failure, it would be reasonable to conduct a further study in order to find possible methods of prevention and timely correction