bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older prisoners: Challenges for inmates and prison management
Authors: Trotter Chris , Baidawi Susan
Published: May 2014

There is considerable evidence pointing towards the growth of older prisoner populations in Australia. This article presents findings from the first large-scale study of older prisoners in Australia ( N = 173), examining functional independence, aspects of the prison environment which present difficulties for less able older prisoners, the uptake of prison programs and social functioning from the perspective of older prisoners. Results indicate that 22% of prisoners aged 50 years and older required assistance in day-to-day tasks, and that bunks, stairs and bathroom facilities presented the greatest difficulties for older inmates. The majority of older prisoners (77%) engaged in prison work and approximately one half of those nearing release had attended offending behaviour programs. Prisoners aged 65 years and older were more likely to describe social disconnection, were more likely to be experiencing functional impairments and victimisation in prison, and those experiencing functional impairment were more likely to report feeling unsafe in prison compared to prisoners aged 50 to 64 years. Implications for corrections planning and prison management are discussed.
Mental Health Implications in Mormon Women’s Experiences With Same-Sex Attraction
Authors: Jacobsen Jeanna , Wright Rachel
Published: May 2014

Given research suggesting that individuals in conservative religions experience conflict between religious beliefs and feelings of same-sex sexuality, this study explores the mental health impact of Mormon women who experience same-sex sexuality. Twenty-three Mormon women participated in semi-structured individual interviews about their experiences with same-sex sexuality. Interview questions asked about participants’ experiences with same-sex sexuality and the LDS Church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), how this experience affected their mental health, and what types of mental health treatment they engaged in during their process of reconciliation. Data were analyzed following phenomenological methodology. Themes included the following: experiences with mood disorders, self-worth, suicidality, treatment attempts, reparative therapy, counselor’s agenda, impact of family and community, and mental health recovery. When treating women who experience conflict, counselors should assess self-worth, suicidality, and the level of community and familial support. Referral to group counseling can support self-acceptance of same-sex sexuality through normalization. Future research should examine specific practice interventions and explore impacts of other intersecting identities.
On language unity and disunity
Authors: Saltarelli Mario
Published: May 2014

A millenary ethnic and cultural history of Italic settlements, Latin hegemonic contact, followed by isolation and external punctuations prior to unification in 1861 under one territorial and legal state created a diverse metalinguistic complex in the Italian peninsula, albeit reflected in extraordinarily rich expression in the arts and sciences as recognized in global society today. In the historicist approach, the role and effects of unity under one state over the last 150 years is recognized in contrast with the prior highly fractured situation as ‘many little states’ under varied (and lingering foreign) influence, including new linguistic (French) and ideological hegemony. The theme of this article deals specifically with the ontology of Italian ‘linguistic identity’ from a human perspective, that personal and group identification that brings us together or divides us in post-modern society toward the quest for linguistic rights as human rights. Owing to the unifying effect (largely achieved) of the Italian language in public schools since unification, the questione della lingua may rise again as an issue. The question is critically revisited in the historical background of Manzoni, the Italian umanesimo and Dante’s De vulgari eloquentia.
Increasing health research literacy through outreach and networking: Why translational research should matter to communities
Authors: Dwyer-White Molly , Choate Celeste , Markel Dorene S
Published: May 2014

Background:

Increasingly clinical and health research awareness is a priority for health and medical research communities. Translational research, including the prevention and treatment of conditions, relies upon proper funding as well as public participation in research studies. This requires executing more effective communication strategies to care for recipients and the community at large – providing the downstream benefit to improved public health and patient care. Without new and improved approaches, recruiting research volunteers will remain a significant challenge for clinical research teams, particularly as limited funding necessitates smaller budgets and shorter timelines to engage participants.

Objective:

This community-based project partnered the complementary strengths of a public library (the Library) located in the same city as an academic research centre (the University): The University’s research infrastructure and the Library’s community and information delivery expertise combined to impact awareness of clinical research in the local population.

Methods:

This project utilised a multi-method approach to assess interest in health research, to deliver relevant information on community-relevant health topics and to increase awareness of health research in general. It was designed with the community to identify a sustainable, affordable model to deliver health information and illuminate the role of research in the process.

Results:

The project demonstrated a successful community-based model, utilising Health Research Forums and online resources to increase the connection between health research information and health research participation opportunities.

Conclusion:

By linking researchers with community members, providing related resources to augment linkage between health information and research, the project demonstrated an increased awareness regarding opportunities that exist for community participation in research through a sustainable model.
The Faith, the Honor of Women, the Land: The Druze Women in Israel
Authors: Halabi Rabah
Published: May 2014

This study investigates the status of the Druze women in Israel, focusing on the effects of the frequent interactions between the Druze and the more permissive Jewish-Western society. The main question posed is why Druze women accept the double standards of freedom, especially on sexual morality, that expect them to be chaste but allow sexual freedom to men. I argue that this is a patriarchal deal, in which women trade their sexual freedom in exchange for access to higher education, and to the prestigious status of moral guardians from western temptations. The paper is based on narrative analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with 50 Druze students, half of them male and half female, enrolled in Israeli universities.
Oxidation-induced damage evolution in a unidirectional polymer matrix composite
Authors: Liang Jianyong , Pochiraju Kishore V
Published: May 2014

Long-term degradation and failure in high-temperature polymer matrix composites are driven by chemical changes due to oxidation reactions and damage evolution. In this paper, we present a methodology for simulating oxidation-induced damage in a unidirectional composite. This approach explicitly models the time-dependent growth of oxidation layers and the evolution of discrete cracking in a homogenized representation of the composite. Long-term isothermal aging is simulated with high-resolution tracking of morphological changes and damage evolution. An element-free Galerkin method is used to simulate the oxidation layer growth, and the extended finite element method is used for computing the stress fields and predicting damage. The developed model captures both oxidation and damage growth in the unidirectional lamina through long periods of oxidative aging. The model predictions correlate well with the experimental results for a carbon/polyimide composite system.
Investigation of the ballistic impact behavior of 2D woven glass/epoxy/nanoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Pol M Hossein , Liaghat Gholamhossein , Zamani E , Ordys A
Published: May 2014

In this paper, a theoretical model to investigate the ballistic impact behavior of two-dimensional woven glass/epoxy/nanoclay nanocomposites is presented, developed on the basis of dividing of the impact duration into several time intervals and calculation of the energy absorbed during each time interval. The major components of energy lost by projectile during ballistic impact were identified, namely the primary yarns tensile failure energy, the secondary yarns deformation energy, the cone kinetic energy formed on the back face of the target, the delamination of layers of nanocomposite and the matrix cracking. Ballistic tests were performed by a flat-ended projectile by a gas gun. Finally, a good correlation has been observed, comparing the theoretical model presented in this paper to the experimental results.
Self-piercing riveting of aluminum alloy and thermoplastic composites
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Shanglu
Published: May 2014

In the present study, the feasibility of joining PA6-matrix thermoplastic composite panel and aluminum alloy is considered. Self-piercing riveting processes of PA6 panels, PA6 composite panels with reinforcing fibers (glass fiber and carbon fiber), and 5754 aluminum alloy sheets are systematically investigated. Macro characterizations of the appearance and transverse sections of the self-piercing riveting joints were conducted to provide more comprehensive understanding of the composite deformation during riveting process. In particular, the effect of reinforcing fibers on the composite deformation behaviors was characterized. Lap-shear testing of the self-piercing riveting joints was performed to evaluate joint strength, and characterization of the fractured joints as well as failure mechanics analysis was conducted to investigate the underlying failure mechanisms of the self-piercing riveting joints. The effects of reinforced fibers on the failure mechanisms and mechanical performance were also discussed. The results showed that self-piercing riveting is an effective technique for joining fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite panels and aluminum alloy sheets. In addition, self-piercing riveting joints with glass fiber reinforced composite failed in a bearing mode and exhibited improved joint strength compared with the PA6 matrix; while self-piercing riveting joints with carbon fiber reinforced composite exhibited slightly decreased joint strength but significantly reduced ductility, owing to the brittleness of the carbon fiber reinforced composite.
Stop and Fricative Devoicing in European Portuguese, Italian and German
Authors: Pape Daniel , Jesus Luis MT
Published: May 2014

This paper describes a cross-linguistic production study of devoicing for European Portuguese (EP), Italian, and German. We recorded all stops and fricatives in four vowel contexts and two word positions. We computed the devoicing of the time-varying patterns throughout the stop and fricative duration. Our results show that regarding devoicing behaviour, EP is more similar to German than Italian. While Italian shows almost no devoicing of all phonologically voiced consonants, both EP and German show strong and consistent devoicing through the entire consonant. Differences in consonant position showed no effect for EP and Italian, but were significantly different for German. The height of the vowel context had an effect for German and EP. For EP, we showed that a more posterior place of articulation and low vowel context lead to significantly more devoicing. However, in contrast to German, we could not find an influence of consonant position on devoicing. The high devoicing for all phonologically voiced stops and fricatives and the vowel context influence are a surprising new result. With respect to voicing maintenance, EP is more like German than other Romance languages.
Fabrication of N-doped TiO2/activated carbon fiber composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Guo Xiaoling , Dai Jie , Zhang Kui , Wang Xiangdong , Cui Zhen , Xiang Jingyu
Published: May 2014

N-doped TiO2 powders were synthesized via a sol-gel processing, and N-doped TiO2/activated carbon fiber (ACF) composites have been fabricated using the impregnating method. The prepared powders and composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that N-doped TiO2 powders prepared are anatase phase, and the mean size of the particles is about 15 nm when calcined at 500℃. Nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the surface of TiO2 mainly as interstitial nitrogen and molecularly chemisorbed γ-N2 molecules. N-doped TiO2 powders exhibit an evident red shift in the band edge and an obvious increase in visible region absorption, and the powders are homogeneously dispersed on the surface of ACF. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue shows that N-doped TiO2/ACF composites exhibit enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. This could be attributed to the synergistic effect between strong adsorption of the ACF and visible light photocatalytic activity by N-doped TiO2.
Bleaching of hydroentangled greige cotton nonwoven fabrics without scouring
Authors: Sawhney Paul , Condon Brian , Allen Chuck , Reynolds Michael , Slopek Ryan
Published: May 2014

Previous research had shown that processing greige cotton on a commercial-grade hydroentanglement (HE) system at a water pressure greater than 120 bar resulted in a low-weight hydrophilic nonwoven fabric. With that ability to make hydrophobic greige cotton easily wettable and hence absorbent without the conventional scouring phase, an investigation was conducted to determine whether a fabric made by hydroentangling greige cotton fibers at a high water pressure could be successfully bleached without the traditional scouring. The investigation involved production of greige cotton nonwoven fabrics at a low hydroentangling water pressure of 60 bar and at a high hydroentangling water pressure of 135 bar and their subsequent evaluations before and after scour only, one-stage bleach only, and two-stage scour and bleach. In the results, both the 60 bar and 135 bar fabrics bleached successfully in the two-stage bleaching process and yielded acceptable absorbency and whiteness values. However, when bleached in the single-stage bleaching process with no separate scour, the 135 bar fabric still produced the whiteness index almost equal to that obtained in the two-stage bleaching process and even equal to that of a fabric made with commercially scoured and bleached cotton fibers, but the 60 bar fabric yielded about 15% lower whiteness index value while its wettability-induced improved water absorbency still was comparable to that obtained via the two-stage bleaching. This shows that a hydroentangled greige cotton fabric produced at a high enough water pressure (hydro energy) could be bleached satisfactorily without the traditional scouring chemicals and that a fabric produced even at a lower water pressure and bleached without scouring could still be satisfactory for subsequent aqueous treatments for certain end-use applications where the whiteness may not be as critical as the absorbency.
When Do Stories Work? Evidence and Illustration in the Social Sciences
Authors: Gelman Andrew , Basbøll Thomas
Published: May 2014

Storytelling has long been recognized as central to human cognition and communication. Here we explore a more active role of stories in social science research, not merely to illustrate concepts but also to develop new ideas and evaluate hypotheses, for example, in deciding that a research method is effective. We see stories as central to engagement with the development and evaluation of theories, and we argue that for a story to be useful in this way, it should be anomalous (representing aspects of life that are not well explained by existing models) and immutable (with details that are well-enough established that they have the potential to indicate problems with a new model). We develop these ideas through considering two well-known examples from the work of Karl Weick and Robert Axelrod, and we discuss why transparent sourcing (in the case of Axelrod) makes a story a more effective research tool, whereas improper sourcing (in the case of Weick) interferes with the key useful roles of stories in the scientific process.
Measurement Error Calibration in Mixed-mode Sample Surveys
Authors: Buelens Bart , van den Brakel Jan A.
Published: May 2014

Mixed-mode surveys are known to be susceptible to mode-dependent selection and measurement effects, collectively referred to as mode effects. The use of different data collection modes within the same survey may reduce selectivity of the overall response but is characterized by measurement errors differing across modes. Inference in sample surveys generally proceeds by correcting for selectivity—for example, by applying calibration estimators—and ignoring measurement error. When a survey is conducted repeatedly, such inferences are valid only if the measurement error remains constant between surveys. In sequential mixed-mode surveys, it is likely that the mode composition of the overall response differs between subsequent editions of the survey, leading to variations in the total measurement error and invalidating classical inferences. An approach to inference in these circumstances, which is based on calibrating the mode composition of the respondents toward fixed levels, is proposed. Assumptions and risks are discussed and explored in a simulation and applied to the Dutch crime victimization survey.
Investigation of defrosting control function based on model and sequence diagram
Authors: Tu Qiu , Feng Yuhai , Liu Qingming , Li Chao Zheng , Du Peng
Published: May 2014

Defrosting is an important controlled event of variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system (VRF AC). The whole course includes defrosting preparation phase, defrosting execution phase, defrosting end preparation phase and pump-down residual running phase. The defrosting control function can make a great influence on the performance of variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system, whose elements are composed of a certain controlled event, controlled components, executed conditions, controlled time, controlled courses and control logic. A sequence diagram is adopted to express the defrosting dynamic process and the control models of execution conditions on defrosting arrival, defrosting end and pump-down residual running end have been built. Thus, the defrosting control function has been formed based on the model and sequence diagram. The defrosting experiments demonstrate that the built model and sequence diagram can scientifically and accurately express the defrosting control function.

Practical application: Defrosting is an important controlled event of variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system. It is difficult to describe the complex controlled course, which is composed of defrosting preparation phase, defrosting execution phase, defrosting end preparation phase and pump-down residual running phase. A sequence diagram can be adopted to express the defrosting dynamic process and the control models of executed conditions on defrosting arrival, defrosting end and pump-down residual running end have been built. Thus, the defrosting control function has been formed based on model and sequence diagram.
Hyperlinks as inter-university collaboration indicators
Authors: Kenekayoro Patrick , Buckley Kevan , Thelwall Mike
Published: May 2014

Collaboration is essential for some types of research, and some agencies include collaboration among the requirements for funding research projects. This makes it important to analyse collaborative research ties. Traditional methods to indicate the extent of collaboration between organizations use co-authorship data in citation databases. Publication data from these databases are not publicly available and can be expensive to access and so hyperlink data has been proposed as an alternative. This paper investigates whether using machine learning methods to filter page types can improve the extent to which hyperlink data can be used to indicate the extent of collaboration between universities. Structured information about research projects extracted from UK and EU funding agency websites, co-authored publications and academic links between universities were analysed to identify if there is any association between the number of hyperlinks connecting two universities, with and without machine learning filtering, and the number of publications they co-authored. An increased correlation was found between the number of inlinks to a university’s website and the extent to which it collaborates with other universities when machine learning techniques were used to filter out apparently irrelevant inlinks.
Situation Awareness and Interruption Handling During Medication Administration
Authors: Sitterding Mary Cathryn , Ebright Patricia , Broome Marion , Patterson Emily S. , Wuchner Staci
Published: May 2014

Medication administration error remains a leading cause of preventable death. A gap exists in understanding attentional dynamics, such as nurse situation awareness (SA) while managing interruptions during medication administration. The aim was to describe SA during medication administration and interruption handling strategies. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. Cognitive task analysis (CTA) methods informed analysis of 230 interruptions. Themes were analyzed by SA level. The nature of the stimuli noticed emerged as a Level 1 theme, in contrast to themes of uncertainty, relevance, and expectations (Level 2 themes). Projected or anticipated interventions (Level 3 themes) reflected workload balance between team and patient foregrounds. The prevalence of cognitive time-sharing during the medication administration process was remarkable. Findings substantiated the importance of the concept of SA within nursing as well as the contribution of CTA in understanding the cognitive work of nursing during medication administration.
A Nurse-Led Multidisciplinary Intervention to Improve Cardiovascular Disease Profile of Patients
Authors: van den Wijngaart L. S. , Sieben A. , van der Vlugt M. , de Leeuw F. E. , Bredie S. J. H.
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a structured screening and nurse-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors. In patients with established cardiovascular disease, a cardiovascular risk profile was assessed, and lifestyle was evaluated by using an automated questionnaire. A multidisciplinary team proposed an integral individualized plan of care on the basis of these assessments. During follow-up, a nurse-led lifestyle intervention program and the best medical treatment were offered. A total of 328 outpatients were included. After screening, a follow-up term of at least 1 year was reached in 176 patients (59.9%). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were significantly reduced. A reduction in the amount of smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy eating habits was observed. However, the amount of physical activity was unaffected, and body mass was increased. A structural evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and an integrated nurse-led approach can successfully reduce risk in cardiovascular patients.
Ossicular Reconstruction for Incus Long‐Process Defects: Bone Cement or Partial Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis
Authors: Baylancicek Serdar , Iseri Mete , Topdağ Deniz Özlem , Ustundag Emre , Ozturk Murat , Polat Senol , Uneri Cuneyd
Published: May 2014

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare hearing results in patients undergoing ossiculoplasty with bone cement (BC) vs partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) in cases of incudostapedial discontinuity during tympanoplasty surgeries.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects

A total of 44 patients with incudostapedial discontinuity, 21 operated on with BC and 23 operated on with PORP, were enrolled in this study.

Methods

Preoperative and postoperative audiograms at 12 months were evaluated. Pure‐tone averages and air‐bone gaps (ABGs) were calculated according to the guidelines.

Results

The ABG was 26.61 dB preoperatively and 9.76 dB postoperatively in the BC group. The hearing gain in ABG was statistically significant (P =. 0001). The preoperative and postoperative ABGs in the PORP group were 29.48 and 8.89 dB, respectively. The hearing gain in ABG was statistically significant (P =. 0001). When the groups were compared for mean gains in the ABG, the difference was not statistically significant (P =. 192). The postoperative ABG of less than 20 dB was achieved by 90.4% in the BC group and 86.9% in the PORP group. This difference was not statistically significant (P =. 745). No adverse reactions or complications were observed.

Conclusions

Both BC and PORP are reliable and efficient methods for the repair of incudostapedial joint defects. There is no difference between these 2 methods, based on the hearing results. Additional research is necessary to determine the maximum incudostapedial defect length suitable for bone cement repair.
In Defense of Law and Order: Urban Space, Fear of Crime, and the Virtues of Social Control
Authors: Gibson Timothy A.
Published: May 2014

There is a long tradition in critical/cultural studies that views the raising of concerns about crime and disorder as an ideological gambit concealing a more sinister project of social control. This article offers a friendly critique and revision of this position, arguing that critical communication scholars should treat urban disorder and public fears of crime as serious policy problems, if only because pervasive fears of crime impose great harm on disadvantaged urban residents. To this end, this article reviews recent work in the fear-of-crime literature to examine both the causes of fear as well as the efficacy and ethics of specific fear-reduction strategies. Drawing on this review, the article argues that the most promising response to the fear of crime is not zero tolerance policing, but rather increasing the collective efficacy of—that is, the feeling of solidarity among—neighbors. The article concludes with a discussion of the role digital networking tools could play in building neighborhood collective efficacy.
Acute pericarditis with cardiac tamponade induced by pacemaker implantation
Authors: Shingaki Masami , Kobayashi Yutaka , Suzuki Haruo
Published: May 2014

An 87-year-old woman was diagnosed with third-degree atrioventricular block and underwent pacemaker implantation. On postoperative day 12, she experienced cardiac tamponade that was suspected on computed tomography to be caused by lead perforation; therefore, we performed open-heart surgery. However, we could not identify a perforation site on the heart, and drained a 400-mL exudative pericardial effusion. Subsequently, we diagnosed the pericardial effusion as due to pericarditis induced by pacemaker implantation. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish pericarditis from pacemaker lead perforation, so both should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Equine Placental Mixed Germ Cell Tumor With Metastasis to the Foal
Authors: Bockenstedt M. M. , Fales-Williams A. , Haynes J. S.
Published: May 2014

The placenta from an embryo transfer–recipient mare and live foal was examined. The placenta was effaced by multifocal masses, which ranged from less than 1 cm to 14 cm in diameter. The foal represented at 52 days for lethargy, ataxia, and urine dribbling; due to a poor prognosis, the foal was euthanized. At necropsy, the liver was effaced by multifocal, pale, irregular nodules. The lumbar vertebrae and other skeletal sites had multifocal lytic lesions. The placenta had 4 populations of neoplastic cells, including a spindle cell population, tall columnar and transitional epithelial cell populations, and an undifferentiated polygonal cell population. The foal’s liver had similar populations and patterns of cells as those in the placenta. The lesion in the placenta and the masses in the foal were diagnosed as a mixed germ cell tumor and metastatic mixed germ cell tumor, respectively.
An Examination of Escalation in Burglaries Committed by Sexual Offenders
Authors: Pedneault Amelie , Harris Danielle A. , Knight Raymond A.
Published: May 2014

Research in the field of sexual aggression often assumes escalation in the criminal careers of sexual offenders. Sexual offenders are thought to begin their criminal careers with non-contact sexual offenses or non-sexual offenses and then escalate to more serious crimes, specifically sexual violence. The commission of one crime in particular—burglary—has been found to be a predictor of future violence in sexual offenders. The present study investigated the nature and extent of escalation in the criminal histories of 161 sex offenders who committed at least two burglaries. Six types of escalations were considered: type of burglary, occupancy, violence, weapon, frequency, and the victim–offender relationship. Escalators and non-escalators were compared, differences between the groups were reviewed, and the cumulative effect of various forms of escalation was analyzed. Results indicated that escalators and non-escalators could be differentiated on a number of important dimensions that might assist in the earlier detection of subsequently more dangerous offenders.
A novel SLC2A1 mutation linking hemiplegic migraine with alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Authors: Weller Claudia M , Leen Wilhelmina G , Neville Brian GR , Duncan John S , Vries Boukje de , Geilenkirchen Marije A , Haan Joost , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Ferrari Michel D , Maagdenberg Arn MJM van den , Willemsen Michèl AAP , Scheffer Hans , Terwindt Gisela M
Published: May 2014

Background

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) are rare episodic neurological brain disorders with partial clinical and genetic overlap. Recently, ATP1A3 mutations were shown to account for the majority of AHC patients. In addition, a mutation in the SLC2A1 gene was reported in a patient with atypical AHC. We therefore investigated whether mutations in these genes may also be involved in HM. Furthermore, we studied the role of SLC2A1 mutations in a small set of AHC patients without ATP1A3 mutations.

Methods

We screened 42 HM patients (21 familial and 21 sporadic patients) for ATP1A3 and SLC2A1 mutations. In addition, four typical AHC patients and one atypical patient with overlapping symptoms of both disorders were screened for SLC2A1 mutations.

Results

A pathogenic de novo SLC2A1 mutation (p.Gly18Arg) was found in the atypical patient with overlapping symptoms of AHC and hemiplegic migraine. No mutations were found in the HM and the other AHC patients.

Conclusion

Screening for a mutation in the SLC2A1 gene should be considered in patients with a complex phenotype with overlapping symptoms of hemiplegic migraine and AHC.
Parents’ Involvement in Childcare
Authors: Gaunt Ruth , Scott Jacqueline
Published: May 2014

The current study draws on identity theory to explore mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in childcare. It examined the relationships between the salience and centrality of individuals’ parental and work-related identities and the extent to which they are involved in various forms of childcare. A sample of 148 couples with at least one child aged 6 years old or younger completed extensive questionnaires. As hypothesized, the salience and centrality of parental identities were positively related to mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in childcare. Moreover, maternal identity salience was negatively related to fathers’ hours of childcare and share of childcare tasks. Finally, work hours mediated the negative relationships between the centrality of work identities and time invested in childcare, and gender moderated this mediation effect. That is, the more central a mother’s work identity, the more hours she worked for pay and the fewer hours she invested in childcare. These findings shed light on the role of parental identities in guiding behavioral choices and attest to the importance of distinguishing between identity salience and centrality as two components of self-structure.
Mediation and digital intensities: Topology, psychology and social media
Authors: Tucker Ian , Goodings Lewis
Published: May 2014

Social media are said to offer seemingly endless ways of connecting with people in a variety of online spaces. The mediated form that such communication takes has re-opened many theoretical debates regarding the status of relationships that are organized and managed online. In this article we seek to explore these issues through the lens of topological thinking, and particularly through the work of Kurt Lewin (1890–1947). Lewin’s topological psychology has recently featured in the social sciences as a way of overcoming some of the, frankly unhelpful, dualistic thinking that features commonly in psychology (e.g. subject–object, mind–body, individual–social). Topological thought focuses on the spatial distribution of psychological experience, and therefore offers a social perspective not reliant on traditional notions of internalized psychological states and traits. The kind of spatiality at work though is not one that relies on Euclidean fixity, but one that draws out notions of stretching, moulding, bending and flexing. Space is seen not as a fixed property, but rather the form that psychological activity takes through connections and relations with others. In this article we seek to explore the potential value in characterizing social media activity topologically. This involves analysing people’s experiences with social media, and how topological concerns of boundaries, connections and thresholds work (or not) in and through social media. Furthermore, the focus is not only on extensive properties of social media, but rather on how intensive processes are actualized and distributed in and through mediation.
Non-uniform capillary model for unidirectional fiber bundles considering pore size distribution
Authors: Fang Liangchao , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Junbiao , Deng Chao
Published: May 2014

Capillary rise affects void inclusion during the impregnation of fiber reinforcements in resin transfer molding. A new model of effective capillary radius has been developed to investigate the effect of pore size distribution on capillary flow in unidirectional fiber bundles. With the image analysis method, the statistical results showed that the pore size distribution could be very different even for the same fiber volume fraction. Then, the classical Washburn equation, in conjunction with different models for calculating effective capillary radius, was applied to predict the capillary rise rate. Compared with the experimental results, we found that the new model performed better than traditional models where the effective capillary radius was obtained using average pore radius or hydraulic radius.
Anisotropy estimation of compacted municipal solid waste using pressurized vertical well liquids injection
Authors: Singh Karamjit , Kadambala Ravi , Jain Pradeep , Xu Qiyong , Townsend Timothy G
Published: May 2014

Waste hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy represent two important parameters controlling fluid movement in landfills, and thus are the key inputs in design methods where predictions of moisture movement are necessary. Although municipal waste hydraulic conductivity has been estimated in multiple laboratory and field studies, measurements of anisotropy, particularly at full scale, are rare, even though landfilled municipal waste is generally understood to be anisotropic. Measurements from a buried liquids injection well surrounded by pressure transducers at a full-scale landfill in Florida were collected and examined to provide an estimate of in-situ waste anisotropy. Liquids injection was performed at a constant pressure and the resulting pore pressures in the surrounding waste were monitored. Numerical fluid flow modeling was employed to simulate the pore pressures expected to occur under the conditions operated. Nine different simulations were performed at three different lateral hydraulic conductivity values and three different anisotropy values. Measured flowrate and pore pressures collected from conditions of approximate steady state were compared with the simulation results to assess the range of anisotropies. The results support that compacted municipal waste in landfills is anisotropic, provide anisotropy estimates greater than previous measurements, and suggest that anisotropy decreases with landfill depth.
Critical analysis of the integration of residual municipal solid waste incineration and selective collection in two Italian tourist areas
Authors: Ranieri Ezio , Rada Elena Cristina , Ragazzi Marco , Masi Salvatore , Montanaro Comasia
Published: May 2014

Municipal solid waste management is not only a contemporary problem, but also an issue at world level. In detail, the tourist areas are more difficult to be managed. The dynamics of municipal solid waste production in tourist areas is affected by the addition of a significant amount of population equivalent during a few months. Consequences are seen in terms of the amount of municipal solid waste to be managed, but also on the quality of selective collection. In this article two case studies are analyzed in order to point out some strategies useful for a correct management of this problem, also taking into account the interactions with the sector of waste-to-energy. The case studies concern a tourist area in the north of Italy and another area in the south. Peak production is clearly visible during the year. Selective collection variations demonstrate that the tourists’ behavior is not adequate to get the same results as with the resident population.
Preparation and characterization of biocompatible and thermoresponsive micelles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) grafted on polysuccinimide for drug delivery
Authors: Yeh Jih-Chao , Hsu Ya-Ting , Su Chao-Ming , Wang Ming-Chen , Lee Tsong-Hai , Lou Shyh-Liang
Published: May 2014

Biocompatible and temperature-sensitive amphiphilic polymeric micelles comprised of poly(succinimide)- g-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide- co-N, N-dimethylacrylamide) (PSI- g-poly(NIPAAm- co-DMAAm)) were synthesized to use as new drug carriers. The PSI- co-poly(PNIPAAm- co-DMAAm) polymers were prepared by nucleophilic opening of poly(succinimide) using amino-terminated poly(NIPAAm- co-DMAAm). The lower critical solution temperature of the copolymer was 40.6℃ higher than normal human body temperature. The blank polymeric micelles were observed to have a regular spherical shape, and the particle sizes were approximately 85 nm. This copolymer exhibited no significant cytotoxicity and hemolysis indicated that the micelles had good biocompatibility. In addition, these polymeric micelles encapsulated the anti-inflammatory drug, hesperetin, in the inner core with a drug loading content of approximately 20%. The release profiles of hesperetin showed a significant temperature-sensitive switching behavior. The hesperetin release response was dramatically lower at a temperature below the lower critical solution temperature as compared with a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature. The lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production inhibition experiments demonstrated that hesperetin-encapsulated micelles showed a significant reduction. In this study, the biocompatible temperature-sensitive micelles based on PSI- g-poly(NIPAAm- co-DMAAm) have great potential to act as a suitable carrier for drug delivery.
The Fog Is Lifting; Veils of Mist Come and Go
Authors: Mauritzson Margareta , Bergendahl Odby Elisabeth , Holmqvist Rolf , Nilsson Doris
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to illuminate experiences of the process of recovering from pathological dissociation. The study used data from interviews with six female participants diagnosed with pathological dissociative disturbances. All the women had a history of having been sexually abused. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Two main themes emerged in the analysis: social and relational change and self in movement. The themes mirror the interplay in the recovery process that took place both intrapsychically and with regard to the relational interplay between self and other significant people. The recovery process was dependent on an incipient sense of security in relational interaction, and this process was hindered by insecurity and ambivalence in relationships. Each patient’s relationship with her therapist also played a crucial role for the participants.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale
Authors: Nanishi Keiko , Jimba Masamine
Published: May 2014

Background:

The 17-item Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) has shown good reliability and validity to measure attitudes toward infant feeding in various countries. It is also known to be associated with breastfeeding intention and exclusivity. However, the IIFAS has not been psychometrically tested among Japanese women.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the IIFAS (IIFAS-J) and assess its reliability and validity.

Methods:

This longitudinal study was conducted with 781 women at 4 hospitals in Japan. The translated IIFAS was administered to participants during their third trimester. Infant feeding status was self-reported at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum using follow-up questionnaires. The predictive validity was determined by examining the association between the IIFAS-J score during pregnancy and infant feeding status at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum.

Results:

One item was removed after a principal components analysis. Therefore, the IIFAS-J consisted of 16 items. Cronbach’s alpha of the IIFAS-J was 0.66. A higher IIFAS-J score during the third trimester was associated with a higher postdischarge exclusive breastfeeding rate at 4 weeks postpartum (B = 0.05; adjusted odds ratio = 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.10).

Conclusion:

The 16-item Japanese version of the IIFAS is a reliable and valid scale for measuring maternal infant-feeding attitudes during pregnancy.
Apocalyptic Tradition and Mystical Prayer in the Ladder of Jacob
Authors: Böttrich Christfried
Published: May 2014

The so-called Ladder of Jacob—known already for nearly 150 years—is still a largely unknown text among biblical scholars. This article tries to evaluate the recent state of debate in order to prepare the path for a new German translation and commentary (JSHRZ.NF). Crucial for the understanding is the distinction between something like a Jewish ‘core’ and a Christian Fortschreibung, but most of all the identification of specific historical events in the angels speech. The most important contribution during recent years has been the discovery of a Hebrew prayer from the Cairo Geniza, which is clearly a version of Ladd. Jac. 2. Deserving of further study shall be the possible influences of Rabbinic tradition on this short and unusual apocalypse
Design and analysis of an X–Y parallel nanopositioner supporting large-stroke servomechanism
Authors: Liu Pengbo , Yan Peng , Zhang Zhen
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we consider the design and analysis of an X–Y parallel piezoelectric-actuator-driven nanopositioner with a novel two-stage amplifying mechanism, where the mechanical design is optimized to achieve a large stroke and high-natural frequency for the purpose of high-performance servomechanism. The parallel kinematic X–Y flexure mechanism provides good geometric decoupling. The kinematic and dynamic analysis shows that the proposed design has a large work space and high bandwidth, which is further verified by finite-element analysis. The analysis results demonstrate that the designed nanopositioner has a large workspace more than 200 µm and a high-natural frequency at about 760 Hz. Furthermore, the dynamical model of the nanopositioner, including the dynamics of the PZT actuators, is also generated from the perspective of input/output transfer functions, and the parameters are identified by frequency-response experiments, which can be used for nano precision servomechanism.
Design of cages in globe valve
Authors: Chern Ming-Jyh , Wang Chen-Hua , Lu Guan-Ting , Tseng Po-Yi , Cheng Yeuan-Jong , Lin Ching-An , Hu Chang-Ming
Published: May 2014

A globe valve is a common device that performs flow control in a pipe system. The flow capability of the globe valve is estimated by a flow coefficient. To improve the control capability of the globe valve, a cage is utilized to adjust the flow coefficient in the valve. For example, if one feels like decreasing the flow coefficient, then a cage with numerous passageways will be considered rather than replacing a smaller valve and pipe. A double cages design is also employed to reach the same purpose. The flow coefficient of the valve is associated with passageways in the cage. Provided that the relationship between the total cross-sectional area of passageways and the flow coefficient is known, then one will be able to design another cage with required and re-allocated passageways to control the variation of flow coefficient. The objective of this study is to use computational fluid dynamic technique to predict the relationship. Furthermore, one can change variation of flow coefficient in a globe valve using a new designed cage with re-allocated passageways. Again, the change of the cage on the flow coefficient can be validated by computational fluid dynamics again. This approach would be useful for a valve engineer to design a cage to control the flow capability in a globe valve.
Model-based air leak detection for turbocharged gasoline engines without a hot-film air mass flow meter sensor
Authors: Salehi Rasoul , Alasty Aria , Vossoughi Gholamreza
Published: May 2014

This paper presents an observer-based fault detection and isolation strategy to detect and isolate an air leakage in the compressor–throttle path and a fault in the boost pressure sensor in a turbocharged gasoline engine. The strategy is applicable to engines not equipped with a hot-film air mass flow meter sensor. A novel combination of a turbocharger model and a control volume model for the pressure dynamics of the intercooler is used to design an asymptotically stable non-linear observer which estimates the unmeasured turbocharger variables. The turbocharger observer’s estimation error is used as a residual in the fault detection and isolation process where the effects of the measurement noise and the model simplifications are cancelled using the maximum-likelihood ratio as the test statistic. An engine charge estimation observer is added to the turbocharger observer for detection and isolation of the air leakage from the sensor fault. Validation of all models and the fault detection and isolation strategy is carried out for a modern gasoline turbocharged engine. The experimental results reveal the ability of the control-oriented strategy to perform online detection and isolation of air leakage through a hole with a diameter of 5 mm or larger.