bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic fragility and resilience assessment of large‐span cable‐stayed bridges under multi‐support ground motions with non‐Gaussian characteristics
Authors: Lan Yucong , Xu Jun , Zhong Jian , Li Yang
Published: August 2024

Seismic fragility analysis and resilience assessment of large‐span cable‐stayed bridge structures are critical for evaluating their seismic performance. However, there is a scarcity of research on the effects of multi‐support ground motions and their non‐Gaussian characteristics on seismic fragility and resilience. This paper aims to addresses this issue. Initially, random ground motions with spatial variability and non‐Gaussian characteristics are simulated using the Spectral Representation Method (SRM) and the Unified Hermite Polynomial Model (UHPM). Subsequently, the Fractional Exponential Moments‐based Maximum Entropy Method (FEM‐MEM) and the Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model (AGMM) are employed for seismic reliability‐based fragility analysis, overcoming the shortcomings of conventional lognormal assumption. Component‐ and system‐level fragility analyses are conducted sequentially, followed by seismic resilience assessment of bridge structures based on the results of system‐level fragility analysis. A numerical example is presented to validate the proposed method. Computational results indicate that: (1) The proposed method offers higher accuracy and broader applicability for seismic fragility analysis of large‐span cable‐stayed bridge structures compared to traditional assumptions. (2) The non‐Gaussian characteristics of ground motions may significantly impact the seismic fragility analysis and resilience assessment of large‐span bridge structures.
Advancing Soil Risk Assessment: A Novel Earthworm Cocoon Test with a Complementary Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling Approach
Authors: Rakel Kim , Roeben Vanessa , Ernst Gregor , Gergs Andre
Published: August 2024

In the current European Union pesticide risk assessment for soil organisms, effect endpoints from laboratory studies (Tier 1) and field studies (higher-tier risk assessment) are compared with predicted environmental concentrations in soil, derived from the proposed use pattern. The simple but conservative initial Tier 1 risk assessment considers a range of worst-case assumptions. In contrast, the higher-tier assessment focuses on specific conditions tested in the corresponding field study. Effect modeling, such as toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling, is considered a promising future tool to address uncertainties in soil risk assessment, such as extrapolation to different ecological, pedo-climatical, or agronomical situations, or to serve as an intermediate tier for potential refinement of the risk assessment. For the implementation of TKTD modeling in soil organism risk assessment, data on earthworm growth and reproduction over time are required, which are not provided by the standard Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 222 laboratory test. The underlying study with carbendazim presents a new earthworm cocoon test design, based on the OECD 222 test, to provide the necessary data as input for TKTD modeling. This proposed test design involves destructive samplings at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, enabling the determination of growth, cocoon number, and the number of juveniles hatched per cocoon in 7-day intervals. The new cocoon test allowed the disentanglement of the toxic effect of carbendazim in earthworms: At the highest concentration prominent effects on growth and reproductive output were observed, and the number of cocoons was significantly reduced compared to control. The results highlighted different physiological modes of action: effect on growth via higher maintenance costs as a primary mode of action as well as a reduced number of cocoons (effect on reproduction) and a lower number of juveniles hatching from each cocoon (hazard during oogenesis) as a secondary mode of action. We provide an example of how this new test's data can be used to feed a dynamic energy budget theory–TKTD model of Eisenia fetida. We also validate it against the original OECD 222 test design, outlining its potential future use in soil risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2377–2386. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Uptake of Typical Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Vegetables: Evidence From Passive Samplers
Authors: Wang Rong , Wang Yu , Dong Ying , Wu Chen-Chou , Li Juying , Tian Lingmin , Bao Lian-Jun , Zeng Eddy Y.
Published: August 2024

Quantifying the root uptake of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) by plants remains challenging due to the lack of data on the freely available fractions of HOCs in soil porewater. We therefore hypothesized that a passive sampler could act as a useful tool to evaluate the root uptake potential and pathways of HOCs by plants in soil. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) by carrot and lettuce with the codeployment of passive samplers in a contaminated soil system. The results showed that the amounts of PBDEs enriched in carrot and lettuce were positively correlated with those in a passive sampler (r2 = 0.46–0.88). No concentration correlation was observed for OPEs between lettuce and passive samplers, due to possible degradation of OPEs in lettuce. The root-to-porewater ratios of PBDEs and OPEs, respectively, were 6.2 to 11 and 0.05 to 0.88 L g−1 for carrot, and 8.8 to 130 and less than reporting limits to 1.2 L g−1 for lettuce. The ratios were negatively correlated with log KOW values for carrot, but increased with increasing log KOW values over a range of 1.97 to 6.80, and then decreased with log KOW values greater than 6.80 for lettuce. This finding indicated that passive transport and partition were the accumulation pathways of PBDEs and OPEs in carrot and lettuce, respectively. Overall, passive samplers performed adequately in assessing the available fractions of persistent HOCs in plants, and can serve as a viable tool for exploring the pathways for plant root uptake of HOCs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2338–2349. © 2024 SETAC
A follow‐up study with a double‐blinded, randomized controlled vitamin D supplementation trial in patients with major depressive episode (DepFuD): A study protocol and baseline characteristics
Authors: Mikola T. , Lehto S. M. , Honkalampi K. , Valkonen‐Korhonen M. , Koivumaa‐Honkanen H. , Tolmunen T. , Laukkanen V. , Pakarinen M. , Ruusunen A.
Published: August 2024

Promising initial studies on vitamin D (VD) supplementation as an adjunct treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) require rigorously designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We aim to investigate the effects of augmenting standard MDD treatment with VD supplementation and examine factors influencing the treatment outcome. This article describes the study design, measures, and baseline characteristics. This multicenter RCT compares the efficacy of a six‐month VD intervention at 100 micrograms/day versus 10 micrograms/day (μg/day) (4000 IU (international units)/day vs. 400 IU/day) added to a standard treatment in outpatients aged 20–61 years with MDD. The primary outcome is change in the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Secondary outcomes are other indicators of mental health and functionality (BDI, SOC, 15‐D, PSS10, LS‐4, LOT‐R, YSQ‐S2‐extended, CORE‐OM, TAS‐20, BRCS, TADS, SCL‐90, DIAD, GAF), and circulating biomarkers. Intervention assessments are conducted at baseline, 3, and 6 months, and follow‐ups at 18 months and 6 years post‐baseline. The baseline sample had 319 subjects (74% women; median age 31 (inter‐quartile range (IQR) 15), mean MADRS score 21.38 (SD 6.04)), with 281 assigned to the RCT. At present, the study continues as a follow‐up study. DepFuD project will provide extensive information regarding the potential benefits of VD and enables to identify various biopsychosocial depression‐associated risk factors.
Late Mesozoic ductile deformation and exhumation along the Shangdan suture zone in the Qinling Orogenic Belt, China
Authors: Zhang Le , Li Wei , Jiang Dazhi , Liang Li , Jiang Liuqing , Wang Chao , Feng Zhenwei , Ma Zhihao , Sheir Falak
Published: August 2024

The Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) is a multi‐stage orogenic belt recording subduction and collision processes. The ductile shearing deformation with different properties and ages is developed on the boundary of the different litho‐tectonic units, which can be used to decipher the tectonic evolution of the QOB. Previous studies mainly concentrated on the pre‐Late Mesozoic shearing deformation, while the Late Mesozoic shearing deformation received less attention. It restricts the understanding of the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the QOB. Hence, we conducted detailed field structural analysis and laboratory analysis of the Shagou shear zone (SGSZ) in the middle part of the Shangdan suture zone (SDSZ). The SGSZ, developed in the southern margin of the Baliping pluton, is an S–SSW‐dipping sinistral strike‐slip ductile shear zone with a top‐to‐the‐ESE shear sense. The mylonite protoliths are voluminous Late Triassic granites (200–215 Ma) and a small amount of Neoproterozoic granites (759 Ma) and Early Cretaceous granites (145 Ma). Microstructures and geothermobarometer results suggest that the ductile shearing deformation occurred under high greenschist–low amphibolite‐facies conditions (400–650°C) at middle crustal depths (13–21 km). Zircon U–Pb and amphibole‐biotite 40Ar/39Ar dating results constrain the timing of shearing deformation to 135–145 Ma and the rapid exhumation of the SGSZ to 115–135 Ma. Combining with the regional data, we consider that the sinistral strike‐slip shearing deformation in the SGSZ controls and accommodates the south‐eastward extrusion of the East SQB under the intracontinental compression. Subsequently, the intracontinental extension led to the rapid exhumation of the SGSZ.
Renewable energy, financial globalization and load capacity factor in the US: Ecological neutrality in the context of natural resources
Authors: Ibrahim Saifullahi Sani , Samour Ahmed , Almassri Hamza , Kurowska‐Pysz Joanna
Published: August 2024

The United States (US) as the second leading economy in global ecological pollution has become a fertile ground for a rigorous analysis of the ecological neutrality using load capacity factor (LCF) and carbon‐based consumption (CCO2). This is important for the global drive of achieving environmental sustainability by 2050. The LCF is one of the most comprehensive ecological proxies that incorporate the biocapacity and ecological footprint. In this context, this research examines the effect of natural resources, technological innovation, renewable energy and financial globalization on ecological neutrality in the US for the date spanning from 1990 to 2021. Using the novel augmented auto‐regressive distributive lag (AARDL) model, the empirical findings of this study indicate that (i) natural resources, renewable energy, and technological innovation promote ecological neutrality by increasing LCF and decreasing CCO2 emissions; (ii) financial globalization and economic growth mitigate the LCF and increase CCO2 emissions; and (iii) a causal effect is observed among technological innovation, natural resources, renewable energy, CCO2 and LCF. In light of the findings, this study recommends several crucial measures for ecological neutrality targets set out in sustainable development goals (SDGs) 7 and 13, respectively.
Analysis of Carboniferous‐Permian coal‐accumulating environment and coalbed methane enrichment in the southern Qinshui Basin
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun
Published: August 2024

Global research on the geological particularities of coal‐accumulating environments and the enrichment patterns of coalbed methane (CBM) is still relatively weak. This paper studies the geological characteristics and coal accumulation patterns of Carboniferous‐Permian coal‐bearing seams in the southern Qinshui Basin. The results show that the coal‐bearing strata in the basin represent the offshore marine and continental intercalated coal seam sediments developed. The southern part of the basin is dominated by lacustrine facies, and the delta front sub‐facies is locally developed. The characteristics of coal accumulation environment in the southern Qinshui Basin are characterized by basement properties, fault networks and coal‐bearing sedimentary facies, which collectively control the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the coal‐rich belt. The differences in coal accumulation environment in the southern basin affect the tectonic evolution, the thickness of the coal seam roof and floor and the hydrogeological conditions of the coal‐rich area, which further control the CBM enrichment in the Taiyuan‐Shanxi Formation. The aim of this study is to explore the factors of CBM enrichment and gas control mode, so as to enrich and improve the theory and method of CBM exploration, which will also help identify the appropriate underground geological structure environment for carbon sequestration (CCS), reduce greenhouse gas emissions and effectively respond to the challenge of global warming.
Assessing mowing intensity: A new index incorporating frequency, type of machinery, and technique
Authors: Hartlieb Margarita , Raubitzek Sebastian , Berger Johanna L. , Staab Michael , Vogt Juliane , Ayasse Manfred , Ostrowski Andreas , Weisser Wolfgang , Blüthgen Nico
Published: August 2024

Background

Only a few decades ago, colorful, small‐scale, heterogeneous, and species‐rich hay meadows or extensive pastures were common, but have often been replaced by species‐poor, uniform, large‐scale multicut meadows. Technological advancements and improved efficiency in grassland management have come at the cost of biodiversity.

Methods

In Germany, 150 grassland plots have been investigated since 2006. Using these extensive data, we propose a new compound index for estimating the site‐specific mowing intensity in order to facilitate assessment of the impact of mowing intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Our index integrates the various qualitative components of mowing machine type, mowing height and use of a conditioner, with the annual number of cuts.

Results

The newly proposed index achieves a much finer gradation of mowing intensity compared to the previous quantification based on the number of cuts only. Furthermore, a decrease in plant and arthropod species was observed at higher mowing intensity.

Conclusions

The proposed mowing intensity index offers enhanced precision in calculations and can easily be integrated into assessments of land‐use intensity in grasslands. Further, it could serve as a basis for providing subsidies to farmers, who adopt low‐impact mowing practices.
RNA binding protein‐directed control of leukemic stem cell evolution and function
Authors: Joshi Pratik , Keyvani Chahi Ava , Liu Lina , Moreira Steven , Vujovic Ana , Hope Kristin J.
Published: August 2024

Strict control over hematopoietic stem cell decision making is essential for healthy life‐long blood production and underpins the origins of hematopoietic diseases. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in particular is a devastating hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the clonal evolution of disease‐initiating primitive cells which acquire compounding genetic changes over time and culminate in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these driver cells throughout their development will be instrumental in the interception of leukemia, the enabling of effective treatment of pre‐leukemic conditions, as well as the development of strategies to target frank AML disease. To this point, a number of precancerous myeloid disorders and age‐related alterations are proving as instructive models to gain insights into the initiation of LSCs. Here, we explore this myeloid dysregulation at the level of post–transcriptional control, where RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) function as core effectors. Through regulating the interplay of a myriad of RNA metabolic processes, RBPs orchestrate transcript fates to govern gene expression in health and disease. We describe the expanding appreciation of the role of RBPs and their post–transcriptional networks in sustaining healthy hematopoiesis and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of clonal myeloid disorders and AML, with a particular emphasis on findings described in human stem cells. Lastly, we discuss key breakthroughs that highlight RBPs and post–transcriptional control as actionable targets for precision therapy of AML.
Relational incongruence in neurodiverse workgroups: Practices for cultivating autistic employee authenticity and belonging
Authors: Longmire Natalie H. , Vogus Timothy J. , Colella Adrienne
Published: August 2024

Although much research has sought to understand how employees come to align themselves with the social norms and routines of their workgroups, management theory has largely overlooked the possibility that such alignment might be fundamentally at odds with what it means to be autistic. Autism, which accounts for a large share of organizational neurodiversity, is associated with seeing and processing the world differently from the non‐autistic societal norm. In the workplace, autistic employees often experience barriers to inclusion, in large part due fundamental dissimilarities in how they interact with and connect to others. To identify the barriers to autistic employees' workgroup inclusion, we develop a multilevel framework centered around relational incongruence, or differences in patterns of interrelating across (autistic and non‐autistic) neurotypes. We propose that non‐autistic workgroup norms (e.g., for the use of imprecise language) exacerbate relational incongruence, which in turn hinders experiences of authenticity and belonging for the autistic workgroup member. Finally, we identify managerial practices (e.g., relational job crafting) that are likely to protect against the negative consequences of relational incongruence, by fostering workgroup climates of normalized variance in patterns of interrelating and shared understandings across neurotypes.
Separating the impact of climate change and human activities on the connection between meteorological and hydrological drought
Authors: Fu Jianyu , Liu Bingjun , Lu Yang , Chen Yuling , Yang Fang , He Yong , Jia Wenhao , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2024

Understanding the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought is essential for accurately predicting hydrological droughts. However, the factors driving this transition are intricate, and a comprehensive understanding of how direct human activities influence this shift in drought is lacking. In this study, we initially explored the spatiotemporal correlation between the occurrence of meteorological and hydrological droughts. Subsequently, we formulated multiple hydrological replenishment scenarios using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model to assess the environmental impact of the transition from meteorological to hydrological droughts. The Xijiang River Basin (XRB), the primary tributary of the Pearl River basin, was selected as the study area. Our results identified 91 meteorological droughts in the XRB, and only 66 hydrological droughts from 1978 to 2018. The transition rate from meteorological to hydrological drought demonstrated large spatial variability, with a basin‐average rate of 56% and the lowest transition rate of 45% in the headstream The transition from meteorological to hydrological drought was mostly rapid between November and December (~2 months), but can be prolonged during spring (about 3–5 months) and winter (around 7–9 months). Additionally, analysis of regeneration scenarios indicated that human activity has mitigated drought severity over recent decades. The primary driver affecting drought duration and frequency during the transition from meteorological to hydrological droughts shows conspicuous spatial disparities in densely populated areas. Although human activity significantly contributes to drought duration and severity compared to climate change during the transition in the headstream, its effects are more pronounced downstream in terms of drought duration and frequency. One plausible explanation is that increased water consumption downstream has considerably prolonged drought progression, whereas water management has counteractive effects on drought progression due to climate change in the headstream. Our findings offer valuable insights into the transition process from meteorological to hydrological droughts in the presence of extensive human activities.
Identification and analysis of oxidative stress‐related genes in hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage using bioinformatics and experimental verification
Authors: Jin Ni , Sha Sha , Ruan Yanghao , Ouyang Ying
Published: August 2024

Background

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in the progress of hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage (HIBD). This study aimed to investigate OS‐related genes and their underlying molecular mechanisms in neonatal HIBD.

Methods

Microarray data sets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control samples and HIBD samples. OS‐related genes were drawn from GeneCards and OS‐DEGs in HIBD were obtained by intersecting with the DEGs. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted to determine the underlying mechanisms and functions of OS‐DEGs in HIBD. Moreover, the hub genes were screened using the protein−protein interaction network and identified in the GSE144456 data set. CIBERSORT was then performed to evaluate the expression of immunocytes in each sample and perform a correlation analysis of the optimal OS‐DEGs and immunocytes. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the expression levels of the optimal OS‐DEGs.

Results

In total, 93 OS‐DEGs were identified. GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analyses indicated that these genes were predominantly enriched in OS and inflammation. Four OS‐related biomarker genes (Jun, Fos, Tlr2, and Atf3) were identified and verified. CIBERSORT analysis revealed the dysregulation of six types of immune cells in the HIBD group. Moreover, 47 drugs that might target four OS‐related biomarker genes were screened. Eventually, RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry results for rat samples further validated the expression levels of Fos, Tlr2, and Atf3.

Conclusions

Fos, Tlr2 and Atf3 are potential OS‐related biomarkers of HIBD progression. The mechanisms of OS are associated with those of neonatal HIBD.
Forsythiaside A ameliorates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Qinqin , Wang Xi , Hu Yingbo , Chen Suiqing
Published: August 2024

Background

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common clinically critical disease characterized by high morbidity and high mortality. Forsythiaside A (FA) is a phenylethanol glycoside component in Forsythia suspensa, which has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. However, the effects of FA on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF are unclear.

Purpose

The present study explored the role of FA in the amelioration of oxidative stress and apoptosis in BLM‐induced PF as well as the possible underlying mechanisms, in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

Network pharmacology was used to collect the effects of FA on BLM‐induced PF. Subsequently, further observation of the effects of FA on mice with PF by pulmonary pathological changes, transmission electron microscopy, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. An in vitro model was constructed by inducing A549 with transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) to observe the effect of FA on epithelial cell apoptosis.

Results

Network pharmacology predicted signaling pathways such as IL‐17 signaling pathway and Relaxin signaling pathway. The results of in vivo studies showed that FA ameliorated BLM‐induced PF through inhibition of fibrosis, modulation of apoptosis, and oxidative stress. In addition, FA promoted TGF‐β1‐induced apoptosis in A549 cells.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggested that FA could protect mice against BLM‐induced PF by regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as the Epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway.
A scoping review about the portrayal of depression and anxiety in mainstream and social media
Authors: Mittmann Gloria , Schrank Beate , Steiner‐Hofbauer Verena
Published: August 2024

Media portrayal of mental disorders has a significant impact on awareness and stigma. Given the high prevalence of depression and anxiety as mental disorders, it is crucial to understand how they are represented. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on the portrayal of depression and anxiety in mainstream and social media. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and PsychInfo, resulting in the inclusion of 20 records that predominantly examined social media and newspapers. Findings indicate that social media discussions on depression were mostly supportive and non‐stigmatising. Public figures and role models played a significant role in encouraging open communication. Research on newspapers and other media forms yielded mixed results yet leaning towards positive portrayals. Limited studies explored anxiety portrayal. While acknowledging potential limitations in generalisability, this review emphasises the importance of accurately depicting mental health in media, particularly on social media platforms, while highlighting the need for broader investigations into anxiety representation.
Switching cisplatin to carboplatin in chemotherapy for metastatic penile cancer in a patient intolerant to cisplatin
Authors: Sekine Keita , Suyama Takahito , Takei Kazuki , Kato Hiroto , Wakai Ken , Okato Atsushi , Hou Kyokushin , Araki Kazuhiro , Yamazaki Kazuto , Naya Yukio
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Cisplatin is currently the key drug in the chemotherapy regimen for metastatic penile cancer. There are few reports of alternative medicines for patients who cannot tolerate cisplatin. This report describes a case in which carboplatin was used instead.

Case presentation

The patient presented with a chief complaint of edema in the groin area. On close examination, penile cancer (cT2‐3N3M0 stage IV) with pelvic lymph node metastasis was diagnosed. He was started on chemotherapy with cisplatin (50 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2), paclitaxel (120 mg/m2 on day 1), and 5‐fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 on days 2–5), but he developed acute kidney failure on the 12th day, thought to be caused by cisplatin. Cisplatin was changed to carboplatin, and chemotherapy was continued. He has received nine courses of chemotherapy and is doing well.

Conclusion

A case of penile cancer safely and effectively treated with chemotherapy using carboplatin was reported.
First‐class universities, economic development, and the middle‐income trap
Authors: Chang Jinxiong , Sun Yan , Zhang Liuchen
Published: August 2024

First‐class universities play an extremely important role in cultivating high‐quality talents and technological innovation, serving as a significant indicator of a country's level of higher education development, developmental strength, and potential. However, there is little literature studying the long‐term impact of first‐class universities on a country's economic development. To better understand this long‐term influence, our study examines the effect of first‐class universities on per capita income based on cross‐national samples, particularly their role in overcoming the “middle‐income trap,” and analyzes whether general higher education can bring about equivalent effects. The main research conclusions are: First, both general higher education and first‐class universities can significantly improve a country's per capita income, but compared to general higher education, first‐class universities have greater marginal effects on national per capita income, and can more effectively enhance domestic average income levels and promote sustainable economic growth over time; Second, first‐class universities have the greatest marginal effect on improving per capita income in middle‐income countries, and compared to general higher education, first‐class universities play a larger role in helping developing countries break through the “middle‐income trap”; Third, both general higher education and first‐class universities positively affect innovative activities, but first‐class universities play a more significant role in promoting technological innovation, which can better facilitate high‐quality economic development. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the effects and differences between general higher education and first‐class universities on long‐term economic development, but also contributes to the understanding of the economic miracle that China has created since its reform and opening up. It also provides clear policy implications.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis zentralperuanischer Pflanzengesellschaften III Pflanzengesellsehaften der subalpinen Stufe
Authors: Gutte Peter
Published: August 2024

In Fortsetzung der Arbeiten über zentralperuanische Pflanzengesellschaften (Gutte 1978, 1980) werden die Vegetationseinheiten der subulpinen Stufe von 3600–3900 m Höhe aus der Umgebung von Canchayllo (Dpt. Junin, Prov. Yauli, 30 km SSO La Oroya) beschrieben. Basierend auf 216 pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen werden 11 Assoziationen und 19 weitere Pflanzengesellschaften unterschieden. Sie umfassen das trockene Weideland der Klasse Stipetea mucronatae, das feuchte bis nasse Grasland der Klasse Plantaginetea australis, die Felsvegetation und die rein anthropogen bedingten Pflanzengesellschaften. Von jeder Gesellschaft werden die Standortsverhältnisse, der Gesellschaftsaufbau, die Lebensformen, z. T. auch Untergesçllschaften und landwirtschaftlicher Wert angegeben.
Comparative transcriptomics suggests a potential realizator gene for carapace expansion in longtail tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
Authors: Jung Seunghun , Kim Seojun , Shin Seunggwan
Published: August 2024

The origin of morphological innovation has been extensively studied within evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo). Recent studies have demonstrated that the developmental module for double‐layered epithelial outgrowths is conserved between the insect wings and branchiopod crustacean carapace, thereby introducing homology among these diverse structures. However, evo‐devo studies on the branchiopod crustacean carapace have been primarily limited to a single species, the water flea Daphnia magna, leaving the gene regulatory network governing carapace development not comprehensively understood. Furthermore, realizator genes downstream of the character identity mechanism (ChIM) for bilayered epithelial development remain inadequately described. In this study, we analyzed tissue‐specific transcriptional profiles in the developing longtail tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. We observed significant upregulation of papilin in the carapace‐bearing head, along with its expression in both the carapace and the trunk limb lobes. Based on these results, we hypothesize that differential expression of papilin is involved in the disproportional growth of Triops carapace. Our findings will contribute to elucidating the diversification of double‐layered epithelial outgrowths across distant arthropod lineages.
Expanding the genetic and clinical spectrum of SLC25A42‐associated disorders and testing of pantothenic acid to improve CoA level in vitro
Authors: Heckmann Katharina , Iuso Arcangela , Reunert Janine , Grüneberg Marianne , Seelhöfer Anja , Rust Stephan , Fiermonte Giuseppe , Paradies Eleonora , Piazzolla Carmela , Mannil Manoj , Marquardt Thorsten
Published: August 2024

SLC25A42 encodes the mitochondrial coenzyme A (CoA) transporter localized at the inner mitochondrial membrane. SLC25A42 deficiency leads to a congenital disease with a heterogeneous clinical presentation, including myopathy, developmental delay, lactic acidosis, and encephalopathy. Twenty‐one patients have been described so far. In the current study, we report on the identification of new biallelic variants in SLC25A42 in three siblings. Patients presented with symmetrical T2 hyperintensity of the putamen with minor volume depression at the brain MRI, elevated lactate, reduced oxygen consumption rates in muscle and fibroblasts, and reduced CoA levels in fibroblasts. Administration of pantothenic acid led to clinical stabilization and increased CoA levels in fibroblasts, thus confirming a role for SLC25A42 in energy metabolism and CoA homeostasis.
Anal HPV prevalence in individuals with and without other concomitant sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Rizzo Alberto , Moschese Davide , Salari Federica , Giacomelli Andrea , Cavallo Andrea , Cossu Maria Vittoria , Morelli Loriana , Fusetti Chiara , Carrozzo Giorgia , Reato Serena , Micheli Valeria , Antinori Spinello , Lombardi Alessandra , Gori Andrea , Gismondo Maria Rita
Published: August 2024

The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in anal lesions still remains unclear. Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of simultaneous infection of HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis in individuals screened for HPV anal infection. A total of 507 anal samples were tested for both anal HPV and STIs: 16% resulted positive for one or more non‐HPV STIs. Specifically, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, and N. gonorrhoeae were detected in 8%, 5%, and 4% of cases, respectively. Two groups were considered, including a positive STI group and a negative STI group. The prevalence of HPV was similar in patients in both groups: high risk (HR)‐HPV and low risk (LR)‐HPV were 67% and 53% versus 62% (p = 0.361) and 54% (p = 0.864) of patients, respectively. However, HPV 16, 18, 35, 51, 59, and 69 were significantly more frequent in patients tested positive for other STIs versus HPV infection alone (p < 0.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed in vaccination coverage, 28% versus 32% (p = 0.463), and HIV status, 86% versus 84% (p = 0.658). The study shows that the overall HPV status is not directly correlated to other STIs in the investigated population, except for certain HPV types, including HR‐HPV 16, reinforcing the urge for a greater vaccination coverage.
Synthesis and properties of sodium stearyl polyoxypropylene acetates
Authors: Hu Xueyi , Zhu Ying , Shi Liwen , Zhou Kaiqiang , Fang Yun , Li Fuyi
Published: August 2024

Sodium stearyl polyoxypropylene acetates (SC18PpC, p = 3, 6, 9) were synthesized through a two‐step process involving propoxylation of stearyl alcohol and subsequent carboxymethylation. Stearyl polyoxypropylene acetic acids (C18PpC, p = 3, 6, 9), the acidified products of SC18PpC, were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and ESI‐MS. The properties of SC18PpC were extensively investigated and compared with sodium dodecanoate (SD) and sodium stearate (SS). The solubility of SC18PpC in cold water was enhanced. Kraft temperature (Tk) of SC18P3C is 40°C which is significantly lower than SS, and Tk of SC18PpC (p = 6, 9) are even less than 0°C. SC18PpC exhibits overall greater hard water resistance compared to SD and SS with the hardness of 0 to 450 mg/L. The hard water resistance of SC18PpC escalates proportionally with the length of the spacer, and the aqueous solution of SC18P9C retains its clarity even when exposed to the hard water of 450 mg/L, the maximum hardness level of Chinese tap water. SC18PpC demonstrates efficiency and effectiveness in reducing surface tension, as well as better foaming, emulsification and wetting power compared to SD and SS. These improved properties make SC18PpC (p = 3, 6) more effective in detergency on three typical soiled fabrics compared to that of sodium soap. Specifically, the detergency to sebum‐stained fabric of SC18P3C exhibits 1.5 times and 1.3 times improvement compared to SD and SS, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate SC18PpC (p = 3, 6) in the detergent formulations for washing intimate apparel in tap water.
Substantial benefits of an inert biphenyl column for the analysis of steroids and their phase II metabolites in biological samples
Authors: Galmiche Mathieu , Monat Marie‐Anaïs , Lopez Diego A. , Lamboley Cyrille , Connolly Paul , Girel Sergey , Guillarme Davy , Meister Isabel , Rudaz Serge
Published: August 2024

Steroids can be used as biomarkers in clinical metabolomics and other fields related to human toxicology. This chemical group is known for its complexity, considering its number of isobaric compounds and the wide variety of phases I and II metabolic pathways that parent compounds can undergo. For a successful analysis of steroids in biological samples, liquid chromatography separation must be finely tuned. It is especially challenging for glucuronidated and sulfated steroids derivatives that bear polar heads and can be affected by non‐specific adsorption. The benefits of a biphenyl stationary phase chemistry for the selectivity of the separation of steroids and their phase II metabolites and the extent to which nonspecific adsorption phenomena could degrade chromatographic performance were investigated. Replacing a conventional hardware by a passivated hardware allowed to considerably reduce peaks width and asymmetry of sulfated species. The addition of weak ion pairing agents in the mobile phase could also help to reduce non‐specific adsorption but are detrimental to mass spectrometry detection. As confirmed by the successful detection of 52 steroids in plasma, the use of a biphenyl stationary phase complemented by a passivated column hardware is of great help for a successful biomedical analysis of steroids and their phase II metabolites.
Strategies for coping with business travel stressors: Enhancing business travel satisfaction through leisure activities
Authors: Park Soona
Published: August 2024

Business travel often introduces stressors due to heavy workloads and the disruption of personal routines. As a stress‐coping strategy, different types of leisure can be integrated into business travel to promote travelers' overall travel satisfaction. However, the traditional belief that more physically active leisure is always better may not hold true for business travelers; their constrained schedules and potential conflicts with employers may limit the feasibility of such activities. Using an exploratory sequential design, this study first employed semi‐structured interviews to identify four preferred leisure types among business travelers. Subsequently, an online survey showed the effectiveness of cultural/natural attractions and social leisure activities in reducing travel stress while boosting satisfaction, aligning with business travelers' primary motives. This finding supports the arousal theory, emphasizing varying desires for arousal based on the specific circumstances of travelers. This study can also contribute to the enhancement of business travelers' travel competency.
The presence of an aberrant anterior tibial artery does not depend on the patient's morphotype
Authors: Schuster Philipp , Mayer Philipp , Cornacchini Jonathan , Schlumberger Michael , Leiprecht Janina , Richter Joerg , Micicoi Grégoire
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aberrant anterior tibial artery (ATA) runs along the posterior surface of the tibial cortex making it, particularly, at risk during high tibial osteotomy (HTO). This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of the ATA according to global morphotype and its anatomical features in consideration of knee surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study included 1589 knees on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies with long‐leg radiographs. The anatomical characteristics of the ATA, its distance in surgical areas at risk and its lumen were defined on MRI. Its presence according to the patient's morphotype (varus, valgus or neutral) was assessed using a χ2 test.

Results

The ATA was present in 33 of 1589 knees, resulting in a prevalence of 2.1%. The anteroposterior distance of the ATA to the tibial head was 6.6 ± 2.5 mm at the height of the tibial plateau, 2.7 ± 1.6 mm at the footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament and 1.0 ± 0.6 mm under the top of the fibula (p < 0.01). For these three levels, the ratio between the distance from the ATA to the lateral tibial border and the total tibial width decreases progressively (p < 0.001). The mean lumen area of the ATA was 4.2 ± 2.5 mm2, and the lumen of the popliteal artery was 9.2 ± 3.6 mm2, representing a ratio of 49.4 ± 27.0%. The prevalence of ATA was similar between varus and valgus patients (n.s).

Conclusion

The presence of an ATA is rare, found in one out of 50 cases, but can be easily identified on MRI in patients before knee surgery, especially before HTO. The patient's morphotype did not influence its presence, the lumen diameter is highly variable and its clinical impact has yet to be determined.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Level of Evidence

Level 3.
Type and morphology affect the success rate of bronchoscopy for postintubation tracheal stenosis
Authors: Yang Mingyuan , Li Hong , Zhou Yunzhi , Wei Huafeng , Cheng Qinghao
Published: August 2024

Objective

With advancements in respiratory interventional techniques, bronchoscopic intervention technology has emerged as a viable approach for managing postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS). However, there was a paucity of research investigating the potential impact of stenosis characteristics and morphology (such as stenosis degree, length, type, and morphology) on bronchoscopic intervention treatment prognosis for PITS patients. This study was to assess the impact of various preoperative stenosis characteristic factors on the bronchoscopic cure rate among patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective study analyzing the medical records of patients with PITS who received bronchoscopic intervention at the tertiary interventional pulmonology center.

Results

Among the cases, 115 individuals achieved a in a success rate of 79.86% for bronchoscopic intervention therapy and were assigned to Group S. On the other hand, 29 cases required surgical intervention, accounting for a surgical treatment rate of 20.14% and were assigned to Group F. The stenosis in the Group F predominantly exhibited irregular shapes with scar granulation accompanied by tracheal chondromalacia collapse. Patients in group S experienced fewer total procedures, rigid bronchoscopy treatment, intraoperative hypoxemia, needed emergency re‐bronchoscopy in 24 h and transferred to ICU postoperatively. Patients with pure scar and granuloma, the rate of bronchoscopic success cure was higher than patients with scar granulation accompanied by tracheal chondromalacia (odds ratio: 8.208; 95% confidence interval: 2.755–24.459), and regular stenosis morphology was associated with a higher bronchoscopic success cure rate (odds ratio: 9.463; 95% confidence interval: 3.128–28.623).

Conclusion

Irregular airway stenosis, chondromalacia or airway collapse are key factors affecting the success rate of bronchoscopic treatment for post‐intubation tracheal stenosis.

Level of evidence: 4 (historically controlled studies).
Extraction of high‐molecular‐weight DNA from Streptococcus spp. for nanopore sequencing in resource‐limited settings
Authors: Das Suvra , Delamare‐Deboutteville JérÔme , Barnes Andrew C. , Rudenko Oleksandra
Published: August 2024

The long‐read sequencing platform MinION, developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, enables the sequencing of bacterial genomes in resource‐limited settings, such as field conditions or low‐ and middle‐income countries. For this purpose, protocols for extracting high‐molecular‐weight DNA using nonhazardous, inexpensive reagents and equipment are needed, and some methods have been developed for gram‐negative bacteria. However, we found that without modification, these protocols are unsuitable for gram‐positive Streptococcus spp., a major threat to fish farming and food security in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Multiple approaches were evaluated, and the most effective was an extraction method using lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and proteinase K for lysis of bacterial cells and magnetic beads for DNA recovery. We optimized the method to consistently achieve sufficient yields of pure high‐molecular‐weight DNA with minimal reagents and time and developed a version of the protocol which can be performed without a centrifuge or electrical power. The suitability of the method was verified by MinION sequencing and assembly of 12 genomes of epidemiologically diverse fish‐pathogenic Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae isolates. The combination of effective high‐molecular‐weight DNA extraction and MinION sequencing enabled the discovery of a naturally occurring 15 kb low‐copy number mobilizable plasmid in S. iniae, which we name pSI1. We expect that our resource‐limited settings‐adapted protocol for high‐molecular‐weight DNA extraction could be implemented successfully for similarly recalcitrant‐to‐lysis gram‐positive bacteria, and it represents a method of choice for MinION‐based disease diagnostics in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Autoimmune Neurobeachin Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Basal Eati , Gilligan Michael , Lesnick Connie , McKeon Andrew
Published: August 2024

Background

There are more than 30 immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibody biomarkers of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia reported.

Objective

To describe a novel IgG biomarker targeting neurobeachin, a scaffolding protein integral to synapse formation and function.

Methods

Clinical and laboratory‐based assessment was used for a novel diagnostic biomarker of autoimmune ataxia.

Results

A 46‐year‐old woman had ataxia onset followed by bilateral knee pain, attributable to rheumatoid arthritis. She was negative for standard neural antibodies. Her ataxia stabilized and tremor initially improved after corticosteroid treatment, but she progressed to wheelchair‐dependence (on methotrexate and then rituximab) over 4 years, in keeping with the trajectory encountered by many with autoimmune ataxia. In contrast, her inflammatory arthritis remitted with immunotherapy. Neurobeachin‐IgG was unmasked in serum and cerebrospinal fluid using protein arrays and confirmed using neurobeachin‐specific confocal immunofluorescence and Western blot.

Conclusions

Neurobeachin‐IgG is a new neural antibody biomarker of cerebellar ataxia among a growing antibody repertoire, collectively common but often individually rare. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A new exploration on the approximate controllability results for Hilfer fractional differential inclusions of order 1<μ<2 with Clarke's subdifferential type
Authors: Pradeesh Jayaprakash , Kumari Panda Sumati , Vijayakumar Velusamy
Published: August 2024

The main innovation of this article is to establish the existence and approximate controllability of Hilfer fractional differential inclusions of order
using Clarke's subdifferential type in Hilbert spaces. By applying the fixed‐point theorem for multivalued maps, fractional calculus, generalized Clarke's subdifferential, and cosine families, we derive a novel existence result for the mild solutions of the Hilfer fractional differential inclusion system. Furthermore, we develop and demonstrate a new set of sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of Hilfer fractional differential systems. These criteria are based on the assumption that the associated linear part of the system is approximately controllable. Finally, an example is provided to show the theoretical findings.