bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoemulsions for the Delivery of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Authors: Natesan Subramanian , Singh Nidhi , Hmingthansanga Victor , Datta Pallab , Boddu Sai Hanuman Sagar , Ravichandiran V.
Published: December 2021

Hypertension refers to an increase in the arterial blood pressure. Most commonly used antihypertensive drugs are available in conventional dosage forms as it offers superior patient compliance. A majority of anti-hypertensive drugs pose bioavailability issues as they belong to BCS class II and BCS class IV categories with poor solubility profile and rate limiting dissolution. Emerging drug delivery technologies like nanoemulsion are found to be promising and safer alternatives for the delivery of anti-hypertensive drugs. Nanoemulsion gained more attention due to favourable properties such as small size, good physical stability, rapid action, drug targeting, prevents photo-degradation, and improved bioavailability. This chapter highlights various aspects of hypertension including its pathophysiology and potential approaches to combat high blood pressure. In addition, the authors thoroughly discussed nanoemulsions and their utility in the oral delivery of anti-hypertensive drugs.
Nanoemulsion and Its Application in Pesticide Formulation
Authors: Patir Khemnath
Published: December 2021

A nanoemulsion is a colloidal dispersion that contains very small particles with size in the range of 20-200 nm, which may be of the oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) types depending on whether the oil is dispersed as droplets in water or vice versa. Pesticides play a critical role in controlling agriculture and ensuring food safety. In the future, the utilization of pesticides will become even more important to solve food security problems associated with providing an adequate food supply for the growing world population. Hence, development of new techniques for nanoemulsions formulation in the field of agriculture and forestry are necessary. In this chapter, the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanoemulsion in pesticides formulation are reviewed. In addition, the effect of antifungal or insecticidal and antimicrobial enhancement activity of nanoemulsions with size, composition, and stability are also discussed.
Nanoemulsion Based on Mushroom Bioactive Compounds and Its Application in Food Preservation
Authors: Kosre Anjali , Koreti Deepali , Chandrawanshi Nagendra Kumar , Kumar Ashish
Published: December 2021

Mushrooms belonging to basiodmycetes with their high nutritional value and biologically active compounds of medicinal importance can be developed into potential food products. They have been used as a traditional food, and their medicinal property is also appreciable all over the world. Naturally occurring active compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and glucans, etc. are obtained from various sources including plants, animals, bacteria, algae, and fungi. The efficiency of naturally derived compounds in food industry, as well as factors influencing its effectiveness, has been reported by researchers. Mushrooms produce a diversity of biologically active compounds such as proteoglucans, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, lectins, steroids β-glucan, chitosan, and terpenoids, etc. The bioactive compounds and their concentration differ from species to species. Thus, these bioactives can be effectively used in the fabrication of fungal (mushroom)-derived nanoemulsions applicable for the food industry.
Digital Transformation and Tourist Experiences
Authors: Topsakal Yunus , Icoz Onur , Icoz Orhan
Published: December 2021

Technology has transformed the tourism industry over time, and today, this transformation has accelerated with digitalization and Industry 4.0. With the application of new generation technologies that shape Industry 4.0 to the tourism industry, the concept of smart tourism has entered the literature and digitalization has accelerated in tourism. It can be said that digital transformation has had an impact on tourist experiences. In this context, this chapter aims to describe the potential impact of digital transformation on the tourist experience. For this purpose, the following topics and concepts will be studied: uses of Industry 4.0 technologies in tourism industry, digital transformation, tourist experiences, and effects of digital transformation on tourist experience.
The Internet of Things and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Sezgin Aybuke Ceyhun , Karaman Elif Esma
Published: December 2021

The last point reached in today's technology revolutions is the fourth level industrial revolution. This revolution is called Industry 4.0. Many new generation technologies such as the internet of things, artificial intelligence, internet services, augmented reality, smart objects, and business sector branches have been included in human life. Industry 4.0 technologies have an effective use in many areas of our lives. The tourism sector, which is in constant interaction with people, is also affected by these technological developments. For this reason, businesses should perceive the internet of things well and need to introduce various applications to their businesses to provide the best service to their potential customers. In this chapter, after giving information about the internet of things, cultural heritage, digital transformation practices in the tourism sector, and smart tourists are discussed.
Using New Tools to Attract Visitors to Museums and Heritage Sites
Authors: Bassa Lia , Smith Melanie Kay , Papp-Váry Árpád Ferenc
Published: December 2021

This chapter discusses the ways in which museums and heritage sites have adapted to the need to create technology-based experiences in recent decades culminating in the intensive online provision during the COVID period. The aim of both online and live visits should be as inclusive as possible of different audiences, stimulating interesting, rich, multi-cultural experiences that encourage re-visitation or at least recommendation to others. Ideally, sites should create meaningful as well as memorable experiences. This process includes several aspects and is very complex requiring the combination and harmonisation of education, heritage interpretation, marketing skills, and local initiatives. This chapter uses case studies to analyse the extent to which museums are rising to these challenges above, including the principles of the so-called ‘new museology', the need for more innovative technology to create visitor experiences, and COVID-19.
Serendipitous Cultural Tourist
Authors: Baltaci Mahmut , Cakici A. Celil
Published: December 2021

Factors such as technological developments, increasing population growth, social opportunities, the right to paid vacation, increase in leisure time, increase in income level have provided tourism development and rapid acceleration in recent years. In addition, factors such as culture and education level have gained importance in the development of tourism. The prominence of cultural values in the destination management is proportional to the satisfaction of the tourists coming to the region. The aim of this chapter is to explain and give knowledge about the “serendipitous cultural tourist” typology, which is one of the types of tourists who do not come for cultural motivations. Although tourists do not participate in tourism for cultural purposes, the fact that they visit cultural attractions causes them to be named as cultural tourist type. Destination management organizers providing better service and more detailed information to the tourists improve the likelihood of them visiting the destination again.
Social Media Analytics
Authors: Kalinić Časlav , Vujičić Miroslav D.
Published: December 2021

The rise of social media allowed greater people participation online. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or TikTok enable visitors to share their thoughts, opinions, photos, locations. All those interactions create a vast amount of data. Social media analytics, as a way of application of big data, can provide excellent insights and create new information for stakeholders involved in the management and development of cultural tourism destinations. This chapter advocates for the employment of the big data concept through social media analytics that can contribute to the management of visitors in cultural tourism destinations. In this chapter, the authors highlight the principles of big data and review the most influential social media platforms – Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok. On that basis, they disclose opportunities for the management and marketing of cultural tourism destinations.
Cultural Heritage and Digitalization in City Branding
Authors: Yildirim Oya , Çakici A. Celil
Published: December 2021

In today's competitive global environment, cities are striving to stand out and be attractive to investors, visitors, and residents. City branding is an important tool to differentiate the city from its competitors and to be preferred by visitors. Every city has its own characteristics resulting from its historical development, the influence of its geography, and its social, cultural, and economic past. Therefore, the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of cities is vital for their promotion and branding. This study aims to show the importance of their cultural heritage, which is the most fundamental feature to differentiate themselves from their competitors in city branding. It is emphasized that the cultural events organized in cities or the assets specific to cities, most of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List, have a significant impact on city branding. In addition, the chapter explains the impact of digitalization, which is one of the most important developments of our time, on city branding and cultural heritage.
Phyto-Nanofabrication
Authors: Jahan Israt
Published: December 2021

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles through natural entities (i.e., bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, fungus, microalgae, seaweed, plants, and plant-derived materials) has become an advantageous and ecofriendly approach. However, phytocompounds of plant extract have achieved huge attention since by utilizing them high yield NPs with desirable size and shape, which can be produced through single-step synthesis scheme. Plants retain diverse biochemicals that exhibit strong hyper-accumulating potential, crucial for metallic ion reduction to metallic NPs, like platinum, gold, silver, titanium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, palladium, etc. Here, previously published studies were reviewed for providing the latest scientific evidence on biosynthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs using different plant materials, especially medicinal plants and food and agro-wastes.
Green Synthesis of Nanocomposites
Authors: Patil Meenal D. , Dhas Suprimkumar D. , Moholkar Annasaheb V.
Published: December 2021

Nanotechnology has been a dynamic research area over the past few decades because it assures the resolution to the problems that hamper progress. Currently, a new era of ‘green synthesis' is an emerging multidisciplinary field in nanotechnology which employs reliable, sustainable, low-cost, non-hazardous, and eco-friendly techniques. Green synthesis is considered a vital tool to reduce the negative impacts accompanying the traditional methods of synthesis for NPs commonly employed in industry and laboratory. This chapter unveils a comprehensive overview of the recent research on available green techniques for the synthesis of various nanocomposites in order to solve future generation challenges. This chapter also focuses on the green synthesis of various nanocomposites, synthesis parameters, potential applications, merits/demerits, and future prospects.
Application of Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Ersan Gamze , Ersan Mahmut Selim
Published: December 2021

In the last decades, numerous research studies have been focused on the mitigation of different classes of contaminants by varying types of NPs. Treatment mechanisms were controlled by properties of contaminants (e.g., organic vs inorganic, molecular size, and hydrophobicity, etc.), NPs (e.g., surface charge, area, pore size, and surface functional groups, etc.), and aqueous water (e.g., organic matter types, pH, ionic strength, surfactants, and temperature). Therefore, this chapter includes (1) a literature summary for the removal of contaminants by carbon- and metal-based NPs, (2) a discussion on the controlling mechanisms for the mitigation of contaminants by carbon- and metal-based NPs, and (3) an evaluation on the application and implication of carbon- and metal-based NPs in environmental studies. This chapter also identifies future research needs and challenges on the application of carbon- and metal-based NPs for environmental remediation.
Use of Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Barkat Md Gulzar Abu , Behari Mazumder Pranab
Published: December 2021

Continuous release of contaminants into the environment and their toxic effects on the living world prompted public and scientific interests in the remediation of pollutants. The release of toxic pollutants not only hinders the soil environments but also disturbs the aquatic environments. The hindrance in soil and aquatic environments causes a serious warning to the productive environment and food security. Thus, excluding and counteracting the pollutants from the environment is necessary to develop a safe and productive environment. Currently, numerous techniques are used to remediate contaminants from the environment; moreover, nanoparticles are one of such most widely used techniques for environmental clean-up. This chapter briefly discusses the need for environmental remediation and nanoparticles for environmental clean-up, especially soil and water. Additionally, the complications and current research trends of using nanoparticles in environmental remediation are briefly discussed for determining future research prospects.
CaO Nanoparticles
Authors: Eddy Nnabuk Okon , Garg Rajni
Published: December 2021

Adsorption is widely acknowledged as one of the best options that are available for the removal of contaminants from water. Contamination of water does not only create water scarcity, but it has the capacity to generate and transfer several environmental problems including threat to public health. This chapter reviewed calcium oxide nanoparticle (CaONP) as a noble metal oxide for the removal of contaminants from water. The review is concentrated in the general overview of water contamination, metal oxide nanoparticles, general application of CaONP, synthetic methods, characterization method, and applications. The chapter observed that little is done on the use of CaONP for the removal of contaminants from water except for dyes, some heavy metal ions, and few organic/inorganic compounds. It is also observed that CaONP can be applied as adsorbent and in photocatalytic degradation of dye. Suggestions are made on the possibility of utilizing local raw materials that are easily accessible, cheap, and environmental sources of raw materials for the synthesis of CaONP.
Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles
Authors: Raghavender Suresh Raghavv , Sankarlinkam Shruthee , Karuppusami Sai Rakshana , Pandiyan Niraimathi , Bharathirengan Suwetha , Subbiah Dinesh Kumar , Srinivasan Soorya , Kulandaisamy Arockia Jayalatha , Nesakumar Noel
Published: December 2021

In recent years, there has been significant growth and burgeoning interest in utilizing nanoparticles for various biomedical applications, including medical diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedical textiles. In particular, nanoparticles functionalized with biological molecules have unique properties and are very effective in medical diagnostics. Besides that, nanoparticles have a wide range of therapeutic applications, including the development of nanodrug delivery systems, the design of novel drugs, as well as their contribution to the design of therapeutic materials. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in the biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Finally, this chapter discusses the challenges of the toxicological evaluation of engineered nanoparticles and the importance of conducting detailed studies on the synthesis of future nanomaterials to develop cutting-edge technologies for addressing a wide range of biomedical issues.
Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jahan Israt
Published: December 2021

Nanotechnology facilitates exclusive opportunities for investigating and controlling a wide range of biomedical approaches at nano-scale, which could provide a groundbreaking impact on medicine, biology, and other health-related areas. This latest technology offers certain distinctive benefits in different aspects such as nanocarriers of targeted drug delivery system, diagnosis and treatment of cancer, vaccination and immunotherapy, biosensing and imaging for clinical diagnosis. A wide range of nanomaterials with biomedical prominence have already been exploited for drug delivery and cancer therapy comprising, solid lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotube, nanogel-based compounds, nanocapsules, magnetic nanoparticles, nanofluids, nanowires, liposomes, etc. Therefore, this chapter reviewed the potential use of different nanomaterials for therapeutic applications, especially for drug delivery and cancer diagnosis and therapy by focusing their suitability and biocompatibility for extensive and safer usages.
EU Enlargement Rounds and Dilemmas
Authors: Jano Dorian
Published: December 2021

This chapter adopts both a historical and a comparative approach in studying EU enlargement. The aim here is to identify ‘whether' and ‘when' a country joins the Union, with an emphasis on the currently ongoing enlargement process in the Western Balkans. It starts with an overview of the conceptual and theoretical framework for studying and explaining EU enlargement. It then reviews how EU enlargement has proceeded over time by looking at its successful and unsuccessful cases, with a particular focus on the motivations and explanations associated with each of them. The chapter considers the successful rounds of enlargement, the reluctant and the awkward cases, and the ongoing (laggard) Southeastern Enlargement round. It discusses the main EU enlargement dilemmas and their implications for the current (unfinished) enlargement round in the Western Balkans in detail.
The European Union Enlargement in the Western Balkans
Authors: Dionysiou Evita
Published: December 2021

This chapter offers an analysis of the Western Balkans' thorny path towards joining the European Union (EU). The aim is to identify the key hurdles in the European enlargement in the Western Balkans as well as to suggest ways to deal with these hurdles. The chapter begins with a historical overview and proceeds to a discussion of the most persistent hurdles that still derail the EU enlargement process. After offering recommendations on how to overcome these roadblocks, the chapter provides an outlook. Looking ahead, there is still hope that the European dream of the Western Balkans will eventually turn into reality. The final outcome will be determined to a significant degree by the commitment of the candidate countries, the EU as a whole, but also the future position of the 27 member states. Although the new enlargement methodology can be seen as a step forward, individual member states can still hijack the enlargement process. This might prove to be the Achilles' heel of the entire EU enlargement project.
European Union Enlargement Policy Towards the Western Balkans
Authors: Požgan Jure , Bojinović Fenko Ana , Kočan Faris
Published: December 2021

This chapter addresses the process of the European Union's enlargement towards the Western Balkan states. It seeks to add to the theorisation of solidarity in international relations (IR) by applying the concept of solidarity to empirical analysis of the EU–WB relationship. The findings show that solidarity as a special relationship has initially been a more relevant framework for understanding the EU-WB relationship. However, the global crises, enlargement fatigue, and great powers competition in the region have forced the EU to strengthen both the special relationship as well as solidarity as a friendship practice. What is currently still missing is a more assertive strategic communications approach by the EU in the WB states in order to be able to continue to strengthen its own legitimacy, the legitimacy of its contribution, and expectations in the solidarity relationship with the WB. Simultaneously, the EU also needs stronger commitment to the liberal values in the EU itself as well as support from other Western powers.
The Integration of the Eastern and Western Balkans into the EU and NATO
Authors: Ferrinho Lopes Hugo , Bondarenko Alona
Published: December 2021

This chapter puts the European and Euro-Atlantic integration of the Balkans into the spotlight and further analyzes the reactions from Russia. This integrative process is a relevant intention, especially after the revolutionary changes of the 1990s and the collapse of the communist bloc. Literature is scarce, lacks an integrated approach, and barely addresses the topic from a comparative perspective. This research seeks to fill this gap through an empirical, systematic, and comparative analysis of the integration and disintegration processes across the region. The argument is that the integration is asymmetric, both between the two international organizations and between the two sub-regions, and that Russian investment decreases as integration goes forward. Findings highlight the complex interactions and interdependencies of the three mutually exclusive processes: the integration into the EU and NATO, the internal fragmentation of the region, and a transformation in the relationship with Russia when chasing the enlargement into these structures.
Challenges of Developing Open Policymaking in the Western Balkans
Authors: Vidačak Igor
Published: December 2021

The level of openness of policymaking has gradually become an important indicator of the progress of public administration reform in countries aspiring for EU membership. Based on lessons learned from previous enlargement rounds, the EU has gradually reformed its pre-accession assistance strategy by putting more emphasis on building capacities of government bodies for implementing more open and inclusive styles of democratic governance. Nevertheless, the countries of the region are still facing substantial challenges in this area. This chapter seeks to identify main factors that affect the quality of openness of Western Balkans' governments with particular emphasis on their ability to ensure adequate access to information, transparent and predictable decision-making, and timely public participation as key components of a wider concept of government openness. It is claimed that the specific design of the EU accession negotiations favours and often legitimizes the dominance of executive while at the same time weakening the position of legislative bodies and civil society actors.
Anuvaad
Authors: Madaan Vishu , Agrawal Prateek
Published: December 2021

Machine Translation is best alternative to traditional manual translation. The corpus of Sanskrit literature includes a rich tradition of philosophical and religious texts as well as poetry, music, drama, scientific, technical and other texts. Due to the modernization of tradition and languages, Sanskrit is not on everyone's lips. Translation makes it convenient for users to understand the unknown text. This paper presents a language Machine Translation System from Hindi to Sanskrit and Sanskrit to Hindi using a rule-based technique. We developed a machine translation tool 'anuvaad' which translates Sanskrit prose text into Hindi & vice versa. We also developed bi-lingual corpora to deal with Sanskrit and Hindi grammar rules and text applied rule based method to perform the translation. The experimental results on different 110 examples show that the proposed anuvaad tool achieves overall 93% accuracy for both types of translations. The objective of our work is to ensure confidentiality and multilingual support, which can be tedious and time consuming in case of manual translation.
Factors Influencing Web 2.0 Technology Usage Among Academics
Authors: Padayachee Indira , Moodley Kebashnee
Published: December 2021

The usage of Web 2.0 tools in education affords many benefits, which include increased access to educational resources, and the ability to collaboratively create and use content. Despite the benefits of Web 2.0 tools in higher education, the technology has not been widely used by academics in South Africa. Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate the extent of usage and the factors that play a role in the usage of Web 2.0 tools among academics at two South African higher education institutions. A case study research strategy was adopted to fulfil the objectives of the study. This paper reports on the quantitative approach used to conduct the study. A questionnaire was administered to collect data from the target population. The results revealed that individual factors, organisational factors, perceived usefulness and perceived quality characteristics are significant predictors to the usage of Web 2.0 tools. The study has practical implications for academic stakeholders in private higher education for the integration of Web 2.0 technology into their teaching practice.
The Trust in Voting Systems (TVS) Measure
Authors: Acemyan Claudia Ziegler , Kortum Philip , Oswald Frederick L.
Published: December 2021

It is essential to democracy that voters trust voting systems enough to participate in elections and use these systems. Unfortunately, voter trust has been found to be low in many situations, which could detrimentally impact human-computer interactions in voting. Therefore, it is important to understand the degree to which voters trust any specific voting method. Voting researchers have developed and used measures of overall trust in technology; yet researchers have long argued that trust in systems is domain-specific, implying that system-specific measures should be used instead. To address this latter point, this paper describes the development of a psychometrically reliable and validated instrument called the Trust in Voting Systems (TVS) measure. The TVS not only allows researchers to understand group mean differences in trust across voting systems; it also allows researchers to understand individual differences in trust within systems—all of which collectively serves to inform and improve voting systems.
Integrating Digital Technologies in Accounting Preservice Teacher Education
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Luísa
Published: December 2021

The importance of developing technological skills at the undergraduate level to form better professionals is no longer questionable, assuming a particular role in subjects as accounting education. However, it appears that technologies are still weakly used in education and training. This article intends to analyse i) how students' technological skills development can be promoted, ii) in what way the integration of digital technologies in the curriculum is managed, and iii) what influence teaching, assessment and learning methods have, in the development of generic skills, especially technological skills. Presents a case study in the master's degree in Economics and Accounting Teaching, that forms teachers to vocational secondary education in this area. A qualitative approach was used with the support of participant observation and a questionnaire to finalist students. The case study is based on the active teacher training model that promotes technological skills using teaching and assessment methods for active learning.
Enhancing Smart System Platforms
Authors: Khasawneh Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Smart systems are going to transform the social life of modern society. Notwithstanding the benefits of these systems, its use is still low in developing world including Jordan. This study aims to construct a novel model to identify the factors that affect people’s intention to use smart systems in their homes. A survey was conducted on 650 individuals among which 550 valid questionnaires were considered in Jordan. The collected data were analyzed for descriptive analysis and further to valid the hypothesis using Structural Equation Modeling. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between individuals’ attitudes related to PU and PEOU with their intention toward using smart systems in their lifestyle. It indicated that the research model explains 68.6% of the variance in the individual’s intention to use smart systems in their residence. Practically, it fruitful to the top management of IT companies that offers smart systems. Moreover, enhancing the current systems and organizing a strategic plan for implementation within best practice.
The Use of Technological Innovations in Promoting Effective Humanitarian Aid
Authors: Tickle Matthew , Hannibal Claire
Published: December 2021

The number and scale of natural and man-made disasters is increasing at an unprecedented rate, leading to devastating consequences for citizens, governments and entire economies. In response, Humanitarian Supply Chains (HSC) are used as a means of reducing suffering and saving lives. HSCs manage and deliver aid to those in need after a disaster strikes and exist only for the period of the relief operation. With reduced budgets there is an impetus to investigate technological innovations that offer increased efficiencies and reduced costs. One such innovation is information and communications technology (ICT); currently under-utilized by HSCs. This paper investigates the benefits, barriers and enablers of increased ICT adoption in HSCs and offers solutions most suited to their needs. The study develops a matrix that identifies the enablers and barriers of implementing innovative ICT and highlights associated managerial implications and suggested areas for future research.
Multilingual Education
Authors: Alzhanova Ainash , Chaklikova Assel
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is the research of the opportunities for developing professional foreign language communicative competence within the concept of multilingual education. The study is based on the method of the experiment, presented by a survey of students. The course was tested by 70 master's degree students of Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The functionality of the Google Meet communication platform and mobile applications has created a comfortable environment for learning Business English. The educational course revealed students’ ability to carry out high-quality communication. The results show that students improved their skills in spontaneous business discussion with rational construction of communication, proper speech intonation, lexical sufficiency within the framework of speech topics, and grammatical correctness. The practical significance and prospects for further research are presented by the opportunity of using the developed methodology in the process of communicative competency formation by students of different specialties.
A Design-Based Study for Development of a Model for a Successful Online Discussion Forum
Authors: Abouzeid Enjy , Agarwal Anshoo , Frambach Janneke M.
Published: December 2021

Due to the current situation of lock-down and social distancing, many educational institutions have shifted to online learning. This study aims to identify the key factors that should be present for successful online discussion and explores the advantages of merging two activities, e-mentoring and online discussion, to improve the quality of the online discussion. A mixed methods design-based was conducted in the setting of the online program in health professions education. Several success factors were identified by the current study: merging of mentorship and online discussion, shifting of roles, structuring of the discussion, assessment, and the use of guides. The study also magnified the role of supervision as moderation and mentorship and suggested solutions to deal with silent participants. Finally, the use of a student guide and shifting of roles between the students play a crucial role in the success of the ODFs.
Seminal features and reproductive index of Thai tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) on different reproductive periods
Authors: Navarro Rodrigo Diana , Alves Sonia Maria Batista , Ribeiro Thays Nogueira Lobo Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

Learning about the biology of the species is essential to the success of intensive farming. This study aimed to evaluate the semen of Thai tilapia during the four seasons of the year and thereby analyze their reproductive indices. Thus, 60 breeding males of Tilapia were used and were randomly divided into four water tanks and fed with isoproteic and isocaloric feed. The experiment lasted 12 months, starting from October 2014 and ending on September 2015. Thus, it was possible to collect sperm material of animals during the four seasons, twice a month, as well as to evaluate the water quality parameters in the tanks (temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen). The semen was evaluated from a light microscope in an increase of 100 x, then was activated with water. Motility was measured subjectively in the light microscope, as well as the percentage of sperm showing progressive motility. The duration was evaluated with the addition of a timer. For analysis of the morphology of the semen, the test consisted of morphopathology observation of 100 sperm focused in various fields throughout the slide in the light microscope. Once obtained, these data were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey test as post-hoc analysis, with the help of the software R Statistics. Water quality factors (temperature, pH and2 dissolved) were acceptable and during the 12 month period the sperm of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) had a good ability for fertilization, seen that it performed below the average of the percentage of critical abnormalities, and quality was perceived by the parameters that also influence fertilization (motility rate, duration of motility and vigor).
Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) assemblage in the State Ecological Station of Wenceslau Guimarães, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Malheiros Eduarda Mendes , Camargo Willian Rogers Ferreira de , Camargo Amabílio José Aires de , Paluch Márlon
Published: December 2021

The diversity of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is poorly known in the biomes of the Bahia state. However, studies were carried out in other states of the northeastern region with species inventories in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado. In order to bro aden the knowledge on of the richness and diversity of hawkmoths in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Bahia, six monthly sampling sessions were carried out in the State Ecological Station of Wenceslau Guimarães. Hawkmoths were captured using a 250-watt mercury-vapor light trap set against a white cloth panel, for two nights a month, between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. A total of 266 specimens were collected, distributed across 17 genera and 41 species. The most abundant and dominant species were Isognathus swainsoni C. Felder, 1862, with a relative abundance of 12.41%, and Xylophanes amadis (Cramer, 1782) and Xylophanes anubus (Cramer, 1777), both with 7.9%. Our study represents the second inventory of hawkmoths for the state, totaling 59 species known for the Atlantic Forest of Bahia. Isognathus excelsior (Boisduval, [1875]) and Manduca lucetius (Cramer, 1780) represented new records for the biome. The accumulated number of species indicates the need for further sampling in order to safely reach the curve asymptote.
Irmã Maria Montenegro como gestora escolar: da escolarização elitista à educação dos pobres no Ceará (1969-1987)
Authors: Carvalho Scarlett O'hara Costa , Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Lima Ana Michele da Silva
Published: December 2021

O objeto deste estudo é a biografia de Maria Lúcia de Sousa Montenegro, conhecida socialmente como Irmã Maria Montenegro, uma freira que dedicou mais de 60 anos de sua vida à educação, exercendo as funções de professora, orientadora educacional e diretora. Objetivou-se compreender a atuação profissional de Irmã Maria Montenegro como gestora no cenário educativo da segunda metade do século XX na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará (1969-1987). O estudo ampara-se teoricamente na História Cultural ao desenvolver uma pesquisa do tipo biográfica que utilizou a História Oral como metodologia. As entrevistas temáticas, realizadas com cinco colaboradoras, foram gravadas, transcritas, textualizadas e validadas, sendo, em seguida, entrecruzadas com fontes documentais – livros, jornais, registro biográfico e curriculum vitae. Os resultados apontaram que Irmã Maria finalizou a Educação Primária em um grupo escolar da cidade de Quixadá, sertão central do Ceará, e, em seguida, mudou-se para a capital cearense a fim de fazer o curso normal no Colégio Justiniano de Serpa. Aos 19 anos, ingressou na vida religiosa, tornando-se Irmã de Caridade e dedicando-se a instruir moças da elite da sociedade, como professora e diretora do Colégio da Imaculada Conceição. Utilizou seu prestígio e reconhecimento social para dedicar-se à educação dos pobres nos colégios públicos Cristo Redentor e Patronato Sagrada Família, localizados na periferia da capital. Irmã Maria Montenegro ganhou prêmios e homenagens, no entanto, sua memória não ganhou a devida preservação, ainda que entrecruze a História da Educação do Ceará, permitindo melhor compreendê-la.
Gestão colaborativa no contexto da educação prisional: límites e possibilidades dos processos formativos
Authors: Silveira Ana Lúcia Nobre da , Gadelha Alesson de Oliveira , Martins Elcimar Simão , Leite Maria Cleide da Silva Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

O texto objetivou compreender os limites e as possibilidades formativas potencializadas pela gestão democrática no contexto da educação prisional. De abordagem qualitativa, assentada no método estudo de caso múltiplo, a investigação inseriu como técnica de recolha das informações: análise documental e entrevistas com duas gestoras escolares de um Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEJA) e três gestores administrativos de unidades prisionais que ofertam turmas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) nos municípios de Capistrano, Ocara e Pacoti, na região do Maciço de Baturité-CE. As entrevistas revelaram a busca de um trabalho compartilhado entre a gestão escolar do CEJA e a gestão administrativa das unidades prisionais nas ações voltadas à educação no contexto prisional, mas também alguns entraves, como a carência de recursos estruturais e humanos. O conjunto de dados revelou a potencialidade da gestão democrática, acionando a colaboração dos diversos envolvidos com o trabalho pedagógico no sentido de possibilitar uma educação de qualidade para a Pessoa Privada de Liberdade (PPL), compreendendo-a como ser humano capaz de aprender, de se reinventar e de reescrever uma nova história de vida, com reintegração socioprofissional. Conclui-se que a concepção da gestão democrática articulada aos princípios de colaboração entre a gestão escolar e a gestão administrativa favorece a realização de uma formação ressocializadora. A pesquisa também evidenciou carência de políticas públicas que efetivamente assegurem a oferta da educação em prisão a fim de garantir o bem estar prisional e a reintegração social.
Genius loci: ensaio sobre o lugar da Diferença na educação para todos
Authors: Orrú Sílvia Ester
Published: December 2021

Neste ensaio, a partir das contribuições da Filosofia da Diferença e da apropriação da ideia de genius loci, construímos o texto com o objetivo de indagarmos acerca do lugar da diferença na educação para todas as pessoas, tendo a diferença e a liberdade como valores humanos. Na Roma antiga, pensava-se que todo ser independente, dispunha de um espírito guardião. Um espírito que brindava vida às pessoas e aos lugares, e que os fazia companhia desde o nascimento até o dia final. Esse mesmo espírito também afirmava a natureza e a essência das pessoas e dos lugares. Este é o conceito de genius loci que acolhemos para este artigo. A presença singular do genius loci importa em acontecimento, movimento e autonomia. Os lugares são passíveis de transformações enquanto que o genius loci não se encontra condicionado a mudar do lugar ou desaparecer. No horizonte revolucionário e esperançoso dos que escolhem defender e lutar por uma educação libertadora, democrática e inclusiva para todas as pessoas, o ‘genius Diferença’ nos convida à resiliência e ao empoderamento de cada educador para que faça a diferença na constituição humana daqueles que chegam às suas mãos como seus aprendizes.
A problematização como ferramenta de formação de professores sobre metodologias ativas
Authors: Soares Renata Godinho , Corrêa Sara Lima Pereira , Folmer Vanderlei , Copetti Jaqueline
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a compreensão de professores sobre metodologias ativas antes e após um curso de formação, bem como sua avaliação e possível utilização no contexto escolar. Foram sujeitos do estudo, 21 professores dos anos finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública municipal. Para tanto, foi proposto um curso de formação para dialogar sobre o uso de metodologias ativas no contexto escolar. No primeiro e último encontro do curso foi aplicado um questionário para verificar a compreensão dos professores sobre metodologias ativas, a utilização destas no contexto escolar e a avaliação dos professores sobre o curso. Este foi organizado de acordo com a disponibilidade de horário da escola, e realizado ao longo de cinco encontros, um a cada semana consecutiva, e sua organização se deu com base na metodologia da problematização com o arco de Maguerez. Ao final do curso, notou-se uma visão mais ampla por parte dos professores sobre a compreensão da temática, onde os mesmos relatam que as metodologias ativas estão mais relacionadas a solução de problemas do cotidiano do educando, focando mais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do que na utilização de estratégias de ensino, como visto anteriormente. Quanto a avaliação do curso, os professores acreditam que este foi positivo e dinâmico, e reivindicaram que os próximos pudessem desprender de maior carga horária para aprofundar as discussões. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a importância da realização de ações que ofereçam aos professores a ampliação de saberes, bem como novos aprendizados relativos à prática docente.
Menores fora da lei: um breve recorte histórico sobre a menoridade no contexto jurídico brasileiro: 1890-1940
Authors: Pereira Eder Adriano
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio analisa a questão da menoridade no contexto de formação político e social no início da República no Brasil, em especial, por meio de fontes como o escopo de leis dos Códigos: Penal de 1890 e do Menor de 1927 que corroboram o entendimento das mudanças legais que fizeram parte de como o governo republicano idealizou a sociedade moderna que emergia naquele período de amplas transformações sociais, políticas e culturais. Esse paradoxo das leis de proteção ao menor, no contexto de construção do ambiente público e democrático brasileiro na virada do século XIX para o XX, desvela-nos um período em que os discursos elitistas, sobre a massa menor pobre pelo recurso legal e autoritário das leis, estruturaram as bases da autoridade estatal sobre as principais características do homem pertencente a uma sociedade de massa, em especial, populares, ou seja, o isolamento, a falta de relações e consciências sociais e de direitos jurídicos formulados para o pleno desenvolvimento da infância.
Leitura em braile versus leitura automática: uma análise comparativa entre duas tecnologias assistivas à luz da perspectiva interacionista
Authors: Romualdo Edson Carlos , Valdevieso Gabriela Souza Marques
Published: December 2021

A inclusão de alunos com deficiência na rede regular de ensino destina-lhes a exigência de desenvolvimento das capacidades relacionadas à oralidade, à leitura e à escrita, estabelecida pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (Brasil, 1998b) e reforçada pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (Brasil, 2017). Dentre as tecnologias assistivas utilizadas por alunos cegos para realizar atividades de leitura, estão o braile e os leitores de tela, que realizam uma leitura automática. Este artigo almeja verificar, por meio de um estudo de caso, se o uso de uma das tecnologias permite melhor compreensão dos textos em detrimento do uso de outra, possibilitando o papel ativo do leitor na construção dos sentidos. Para tanto, foram propostas a uma aluna cega, matriculada no quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de ensino de uma cidade do Noroeste do estado do Paraná, questões de leitura sobre quatro textos – dois lidos em braile e dois por um leitor de tela – cujas respostas são analisadas. Este estudo, de natureza aplicada, está pautado no que Menegassi (1995, 2010), Solé (1998) e Koch e Elias (2014) discutem acerca do processo de leitura em uma perspectiva sociointeracionista da linguagem. As análises mostram que o braile propiciou maior desempenho da aluna em questões de resposta literal, enquanto o leitor de tela nas de compreensão inferencial textual, nas de compreensão inferencial extratextual e nas de elaboração pessoal. Apesar das diferenças, conclui-se que as duas tecnologias devem ser aliadas nas práticas de ensino, uma vez que a leitura em braile prioriza a etapa de decodificação dos textos e a leitura automática privilegia as etapas de compreensão e interpretação.
São Tomé and Príncipe’s toponymy
Authors: Balduino Amanda Macedo , Araujo Gabriel Antunes de , Agostinho Ana Lívia
Published: December 2021

gabrielaraujo@um.edu.mo

ABSTRACT. This study describes the toponymic profile of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), a former Portuguese colony. Here, we consider (i) its linguistic contact situation, reflected in the toponyms of non-Portuguese etyma (mainly from national languages), and (ii) the structure of the toponymic syntagma in Portuguese. Toponyms are created according to a place's geographic, social, historical, and linguistic reality. Therefore, STP's toponyms are the locus of the Santomean linguistic ecology and memory. Due to its linguistic diversity, the study of Santomean toponymy is transdisciplinary. It contributes to understanding different languages that share São Tomé and Príncipe's ethnicity and linguistic heritage, including multilingual synchronic and/or diachronic conjunctures and the political importance of Portuguese. STP's toponymy expresses a multilingual conjuncture common to the country since the arrival of the Portuguese and (mainly) enslaved Africans from different regions of Africa. Although the Portuguese language and culture have influenced most local toponymy, the Santomean toponymic profile contains endemic linguistic and cultural specificities. Thus, natural phenomena, along with political and historical events, among others, play a role in forming toponyms and characterizing the local toponymy as unique.