bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and design for a storage liquid refrigerator considering the characteristics of energy storage batteries
Authors: Zhou Xianwei , Liu Chuncheng , Qian Yi , Bi Zhenyu , Yang Mo
Published: August 2024

At present, energy storage in industrial and commercial scenarios has problems such as poor protection levels, flexible deployment, and poor battery performance. Aiming at the pain points and storage application scenarios of industrial and commercial energy, this paper proposes liquid cooling solutions. In this paper, the box structure was first studied to optimize the structure, and based on the liquid cooling technology route, the realization of an industrial and commercial energy storage thermal management scheme for the integrated cabinet was studied to ensure that the temperature between the cabinets was consistent and reduce the system capacity loss caused by the liquid-cooled battery module was inconsistent. The industrial and commercial energy storage integrated cabinet comprehensively considers the flexible deployment of the system, enhances the protection level of the cabinet, and the structural strength of the cabinet, and improves the temperature balance characteristics of the battery module in the cabinet.
Analyzing three pedigrees in X-linked Alport syndrome with the presentation of nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jian-Hui , Liu Jie , Ruan Dan-Dan , Chen Qian , Yang Jie , Wu Min , Yu Hong-Ping , Liao Li-Sheng , Zheng Xiao-Ling , Luo Jie-Wei , Zhang Li
Published: August 2024

Background

Alport syndrome (AS) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with various clinical symptoms and incomplete manifestation. Patients with AS and other renal disorders are often misdiagnosed. This study reported three X-linked dominant Alport syndrome (XLAS) pedigrees with nephrotic syndrome (NS) as the predominant phenotype and analyzed COL4A5 gene alterations.

Methods

Three Han Chinese XLAS pedigrees were recruited, and clinical phenotypes were obtained. The pre-certified individuals’ peripheral blood DNA was taken, and whole-genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for candidate genes and mutation screening, followed by NGS or Sanger sequencing of suspected mutant types in participating family members.

Results

Both probands A and B were diagnosed with NS through biochemical tests, and X-linked Alport syndrome-associated renal injury was diagnosed by renal biopsy. The biopsy revealed focal foamy cells in the renal interstitium, tearing and delamination changes in the glomerular basement membrane, and negative α3 and α5 chains of type IV collagen. Proband C, who was earlier diagnosed with NS, has now advanced to ESRD, along with his mother and proband A’s mother. Genetic sequencing of all three pedigrees identified three mutations, namely, c.5020C>T, c.4435_4445del, and c.1584_1587+6del in the X-linked dominant gene COL4A5 (NM_000495.5). These mutations lead to the production of shortened proteins, potentially impacting the function of COL4A5 and causing pathogenic effects.

Conclusion

The novel c.4435_4445del and c.1584_1587+6del mutations not only enrich the spectrum of mutations in the COL4A5 gene but also indicate that carriers of both mutation sites and those with mutation c.5020C>T may present NS as their primary clinical manifestation.
TF-EPI: an interpretable enhancer-promoter interaction detection method based on Transformer
Authors: Liu Bowen , Zhang Weihang , Zeng Xin , Loza Martin , Park Sung-Joon , Nakai Kenta
Published: August 2024

The detection of enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) is crucial for understanding gene expression regulation, disease mechanisms, and more. In this study, we developed TF-EPI, a deep learning model based on Transformer designed to detect these interactions solely from DNA sequences. The performance of TF-EPI surpassed that of other state-of-the-art methods on multiple benchmark datasets. Importantly, by utilizing the attention mechanism of the Transformer, we identified distinct cell type-specific motifs and sequences in enhancers and promoters, which were validated against databases such as JASPAR and UniBind, highlighting the potential of our method in discovering new biological insights. Moreover, our analysis of the transcription factors (TFs) corresponding to these motifs and short sequence pairs revealed the heterogeneity and commonality of gene regulatory mechanisms and demonstrated the ability to identify TFs relevant to the source information of the cell line. Finally, the introduction of transfer learning can mitigate the challenges posed by cell type-specific gene regulation, yielding enhanced accuracy in cross-cell line EPI detection. Overall, our work unveils important sequence information for the investigation of enhancer-promoter pairs based on the attention mechanism of the Transformer, providing an important milestone in the investigation of cis-regulatory grammar.
Awareness and acceptability of gut microbiome transfer
Authors: Tweedie-Cullen Ry Yves , Wilson Brooke C. , Derraik José G. B. , Albert Benjamin B. , Opai Keri , Edwards Taygen , O’Sullivan Justin M. , Cutfield Wayne S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Gut microbiome transfer (GMT or faecal microbiome transfer) is gaining increasing attention as a potential treatment for a range of medical conditions. However, public awareness and acceptance are not well understood.

Methods

To better understand the public perception of microbiome transfer in New Zealand, we undertook a nationwide online survey. The anonymous survey was designed and distributed between 2022-2023. Inclusion criteria included being aged 16 years or older and a resident of New Zealand. Distribution channels included social media advertising, posters in public areas, e-mail newsletters, and a survey facilitation company.

Results

A total of 2441 completed surveys were analyzed. Most respondents (71%) had tertiary education, 59% were female, with 62% identifying as NZ European, 12% as Māori, and 3% as Pacific peoples. The findings identified a high level of awareness and acceptability, with 76% of respondents having heard of GMT, and 96% indicating they would consider it if proven efficacious for a health condition they had. High levels of acceptance were observed across all ethnicities. Encapsulated oral FMT treatment was the preferred transfer method.

Discussion

Primary concerns related to GMT included the diet, health, and screening of stool donors, as well as the demonstration of safety and efficacy. These findings will help inform health professionals and researchers about the public’s needs and preferences regarding GMT.
Dietary galactose exacerbates autoimmune neuroinflammation via advanced glycation end product-mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Haase Stefanie , Kuhbandner Kristina , Mühleck Florian , Gisevius Barbara , Freudenstein David , Hirschberg Sarah , Lee De-Hyung , Kuerten Stefanie , Gold Ralf , Haghikia Aiden , Linker Ralf A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Recent studies provide increasing evidence for a relevant role of lifestyle factors including diet in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). While the intake of saturated fatty acids and elevated salt worsen the disease outcome in the experimental model of MS by enhanced inflammatory but diminished regulatory immunological processes, sugars as additional prominent components in our daily diet have only scarcely been investigated so far. Apart from glucose and fructose, galactose is a common sugar in the so-called Western diet.

Methods

We investigated the effect of a galactose-rich diet during neuroinflammation using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE) as a model disease. We investigated peripheral immune reactions and inflammatory infiltration by ex vivo flow cytometry analysis and performed histological staining of the spinal cord to analyze effects of galactose in the central nervous system (CNS). We analyzed the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by fluorescence measurements and investigated galactose as well as galactose-induced AGEs in oligodendroglial cell cultures and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived primary neurons (iPNs).

Results

Young mice fed a galactose-rich diet displayed exacerbated disease symptoms in the acute phase of EAE as well as impaired recovery in the chronic phase. Galactose did not affect peripheral immune reactions or inflammatory infiltration into the CNS, but resulted in increased demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss and enhanced neuro-axonal damage. Ex vivo analysis revealed an increased apoptosis of oligodendrocytes isolated from mice adapted on a galactose-rich diet. In vitro, treatment of cells with galactose neither impaired the maturation nor survival of oligodendroglial cells or iPNs. However, incubation of proteins with galactose in vitro led to the formation AGEs, that were increased in the spinal cord of EAE-diseased mice fed a galactose-rich diet. In oligodendroglial and neuronal cultures, treatment with galactose-induced AGEs promoted enhanced cell death compared to control treatment.

Conclusion

These results imply that galactose-induced oligodendrocyte and myelin damage during neuroinflammation may be mediated by AGEs, thereby identifying galactose and its reactive products as potential dietary risk factors for neuroinflammatory diseases such as MS.
The role of mesenchymal stem cells in attenuating inflammatory bowel disease through ubiquitination
Authors: Liao Hong Xi , Mao Xiaojun , Wang Lan , Wang Naijian , Ocansey Dickson Kofi Wiredu , Wang Bo , Mao Fei
Published: August 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition of the digestive tract and one of the autoimmune diseases, is becoming a disease of significant global public health concern and substantial clinical burden. Various signaling pathways have been documented to modulate IBD, but the exact activation and regulatory mechanisms have not been fully clarified; thus, a need for constant exploration of the molecules and pathways that play key roles in the development of IBD. In recent years, several protein post-translational modification pathways, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and glycolysis, have been implicated in IBD. An aberrant ubiquitination in IBD is often associated with dysregulated immune responses and inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in regulating ubiquitination modifications through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, a cellular machinery responsible for protein degradation. Specifically, MSCs have been shown to influence the ubiquitination of key signaling molecules involved in inflammatory pathways. This paper reviews the recent research progress in MSC-regulated ubiquitination in IBD, highlighting their therapeutic potential in treating IBD and offering a promising avenue for developing targeted interventions to modulate the immune system and alleviate inflammatory conditions.
The relationship between metabolite mediated immune regulatory imbalance and the occurrence of malignant tumors of bone and articular cartilage: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Long Kehan , Gong Ao , Zheng Tengfei , Liu Shoushen , Ying Zhendong , Xiao Cong
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aims to assess the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and malignant tumors of bone and articular cartilage, focusing on the mediating role of metabolites. Using Mendelian randomization, we evaluated these relationships based on genetic variations to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using GWAS data for immune cell features and 1,400 metabolites to investigate direct and mediating effects. Effective instrumental variables (IVs) were selected, and statistical analyses—including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and mode-based methods—were performed using R software. This approach enabled the assessment of direct causal relationships as well as the potential mediating role of metabolites in the association between immune cell features and malignancies.

Results

Significant causal relationships were identified between 26 immune phenotypes and the risk of malignant tumors of bone and articular cartilage. Notably, the HLA DR+ NK cell phenotype SSC-A showed a positive correlation with the risk of these malignancies. Further analysis revealed causal relationships with 67 metabolites, 38 of which were positively correlated and 29 negatively correlated. Mediation analysis highlighted the role of immune surveillance and metabolic dysregulation in tumor development, as evidenced by the association between the immune phenotype SSC-A on HLA DR+ NK cells and the metabolite 5-hydroxyhexanoate.

Conclusion

The findings suggest significant causal relationships between immune phenotypes and malignant tumors of bone and articular cartilage, with metabolites potentially mediating these relationships. These insights lay the groundwork for further research and could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and treatment strategies.
Integrating pathogen- and host-derived blood biomarkers for enhanced tuberculosis diagnosis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Hu Yunlong , Wang Wenfei , Zou Fa , Yang Jing , Gao Wei , Feng SiWan , Chen Guanghuan , Shi Chenyan , Cai Yi , Deng Guofang , Chen Xinchun
Published: August 2024

This review explores the evolving landscape of blood biomarkers in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), focusing on biomarkers derived both from the pathogen and the host. These biomarkers provide critical insights that can improve diagnostic accuracy and timeliness, essential for effective TB management. The document highlights recent advancements in molecular techniques that have enhanced the detection and characterization of specific biomarkers. It also discusses the integration of these biomarkers into clinical practice, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize TB diagnostics by enabling more precise detection and monitoring of the disease progression. Challenges such as variability in biomarker expression and the need for standardized validation processes are addressed to ensure reliability across different populations and settings. The review calls for further research to refine these biomarkers and fully harness their potential in the fight against TB, suggesting a multidisciplinary approach to overcome existing barriers and optimize diagnostic strategies. This comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of blood biomarkers as invaluable tools in the global effort to control and eliminate TB.
Nanomaterials: leading immunogenic cell death-based cancer therapies
Authors: Ma Changyu , Cheng Zhe , Tan Haotian , Wang Yihan , Sun Shuzhan , Zhang Mingxiao , Wang Jianfeng
Published: August 2024

The field of oncology has transformed in recent years, with treatments shifting from traditional surgical resection and radiation therapy to more diverse and customized approaches, one of which is immunotherapy. ICD (immunogenic cell death) belongs to a class of regulatory cell death modalities that reactivate the immune response by facilitating the interaction between apoptotic cells and immune cells and releasing specific signaling molecules, and DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns). The inducers of ICD can elevate the expression of specific proteins to optimize the TME (tumor microenvironment). The use of nanotechnology has shown its unique potential. Nanomaterials, due to their tunability, targeting, and biocompatibility, have become powerful tools for drug delivery, immunomodulators, etc., and have shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. In particular, these nanomaterials can effectively activate the ICD, trigger a potent anti-tumor immune response, and maintain long-term tumor suppression. Different types of nanomaterials, such as biological cell membrane-modified nanoparticles, self-assembled nanostructures, metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous materials, and hydrogels, play their respective roles in ICD induction due to their unique structures and mechanisms of action. Therefore, this review will explore the latest advances in the application of these common nanomaterials in tumor ICD induction and discuss how they can provide new strategies and tools for cancer therapy. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of these nanomaterials, researchers can develop more precise and effective therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients. Moreover, these strategies hold the promise to overcome resistance to conventional therapies, minimize side effects, and lead to more personalized treatment regimens, ultimately benefiting cancer treatment.
Multifunctional role of DEAD-box helicase 41 in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and disease
Authors: Ma Jing , Ross Susan R.
Published: August 2024

DEAD-box helicases are multifunctional proteins participating in many aspects of cellular RNA metabolism. DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in particular has pivotal roles in innate immune sensing and hematopoietic homeostasis. DDX41 recognizes foreign or self-nucleic acids generated during microbial infection, thereby initiating anti-pathogen responses. DDX41 also binds to RNA (R)-loops, structures consisting of DNA/RNA hybrids and a displaced strand of DNA that occur during transcription, thereby maintaining genome stability by preventing their accumulation. DDX41 deficiency leads to increased R-loop levels, resulting in inflammatory responses that likely influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production and development. Beyond nucleic acid binding, DDX41 associates with proteins involved in RNA splicing as well as cellular proteins involved in innate immunity. DDX41 is also a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML). In the present review, we summarize the functions of DDX helicases in critical biological processes, particularly focusing on DDX41’s association with cellular molecules and the mechanisms underlying its roles in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies.
DNA barcoding reveals an extensive number of cryptic introductions of bladed Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in the Southern North Sea
Authors: Knoop Jessica , Bouckenooghe Silke , van der Loos Luna M. , D’hondt Sofie , Karremans Mart , Perk Frank , Leliaert Frederik , De Clerck Olivier
Published: August 2024

Using a DNA barcoding approach, we document an extensive number of inter-species cryptic introductions of bladed Bangiales (Pyropia) at an historic oyster aquaculture site in the Southern North Sea. We sampled the intertidal of 20 locations along the Belgian and Dutch coastline, ranging from sheltered to exposed, between February 2022 and April 2023 for bladed Bangiales. 230 individuals of bladed Bangiales were collected, morphological and ecological characteristics described and identified based on chloroplast rbcL gene sequences, revealing the presence of 13 species belonging to the genera Porphyra and Pyropia. While seven species (P. dioica, P. linearis, P. purpurea, P. umbilicalis, Py. collinsii, Py. elongata, Py. leucosticta) are regarded as native to the Northeast Atlantic, four species (Py. katadae, Py. koreana, Py. kinositae and Py. yezoensis) are considered non-indigenous. The records of Py. katadae, Py. kinositae and Py. koreana are the first confirmed observations for the Northeast Atlantic region. In addition, we identified two distinct rbcL clades, for which a definite species identification could not be established due to a lack of matching reference sequences. Species diversity was generally higher during winter and at exposed sites facing the open North Sea. The surprisingly high species diversity of the bladed Bangiales could only be revealed by molecular identification – a crucial tool for reliable species identification in this group of organisms.
Exopolysaccharide is required by Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN to confer drought-stress tolerance in pea
Authors: Prihatna Cahya , Yan Qing
Published: August 2024

Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a plant symbiotic bacterium that can colonize a broad spectrum of plant hosts and frequently shows beneficial effects on plant growth. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is known to be important in plant-bacteria interactions. Previously, we reported that EPS is required for PsJN to survive from drought stress and colonize in pea (Pisum sativum) under drought condition. However, whether EPS is necessary for PsJN to promote plant growth remains unknown. In this work, a comparative study was conducted between the wild-type PsJN and its ∆bceQ mutant that lacks EPS to investigate the role of EPS in PsJN to confer drought-stress tolerance on pea plant. Our results showed that wild type PsJN, but not the ∆bceQ mutant, promoted pea seed germination and seedlings growth under drought stress. Pea plants inoculated with the wild type PsJN had a higher level of drought tolerance, as shown by a better vegetative growth and enhanced nodule formation, than plants inoculated with the ∆bceQ mutant. Moreover, EPS plays a role in the plant colonization under drought stress, because the ∆bceQ mutant was unable to colonize pea seeds and roots as effectively as the wild type PsJN. Further, expression of the EPS biosynthesis genes in the bceOVN operon of the wild type PsJN was induced by the presence of glucose. Overall, this study demonstrated that PsJN can promote pea plant growth under drought conditions and EPS is required for PsJN to confer beneficial effects to host plant.
Chemotherapy-induced acute kidney injury: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Lyrio Rafaella Maria da Cunha , Rocha Bruna Reis Araújo , Corrêa Ana Luiza Rodrigues Mascarenhas , Mascarenhas Maria Gabriela Santana , Santos Felipe Luz , Maia Rafael da Hora , Segundo Lívia Benezath , de Almeida Paulo André Abreu , Moreira Clara Magalhães Oliveira , Sassi Rafael Hennemann
Published: August 2024

Despite significant advancements in oncology, conventional chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for diverse malignancies. Acute kidney injury (AKI) stands out as one of the most prevalent and severe adverse effects associated with these cytotoxic agents. While platinum compounds are well-known for their nephrotoxic potential, other drugs including antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and antitumor antibiotics are also associated. The onset of AKI poses substantial risks, including heightened morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, treatment interruptions, and the need for renal replacement therapy, all of which impede optimal patient care. Various proactive measures, such as aggressive hydration and diuresis, have been identified as potential strategies to mitigate AKI; however, preventing its occurrence during chemotherapy remains challenging. Additionally, several factors, including intravascular volume depletion, sepsis, exposure to other nephrotoxic agents, tumor lysis syndrome, and direct damage from cancer’s pathophysiology, frequently contribute to or exacerbate kidney injury. This article aims to comprehensively review the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies for AKI induced by conventional chemotherapy.
Initial clinical evidence on biperiden as antiepileptogenic after traumatic brain injury—a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Foresti Maira Licia , Garzon Eliana , de Moraes Mariana Teichner , Valeriano Rafael P. S. , Santiago João Paulo , dos Santos Gustavo Mercenas , Longo Natália Mata , Baise Carla , Andrade Joaquina C. Q. F. , Susemihl Maria Alice , Leite Claudia da Costa , Naffah Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça , Paiva Wellingson Silva , de Andrade Almir Ferreira , Teixeira Manuel Jacobsen , Mello Luiz E.
Published: August 2024

There is currently no efficacious intervention for preventing post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Preclinical studies support the potential use of anticholinergics for this condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of biperiden as an intervention for preventing PTE. A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted at HC/FMUSP between 2018–2022. Adults with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) were randomly assigned to receive biperiden or placebo, for 10 days. The primary outcome was the incidence of PTE while the secondary outcomes included the frequency of seizures, the frequency of any adverse events and mortality after 24 months. The study was powered at a planned enrolment of 132 patients. The trial began in January 2018 and was halted by researchers on March 2020 (and terminated in December 2022) in the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 123 participants were randomized and 112 contributed with data for modified mITT analysis, being that 61 (49.5%) participants completed the 24-month follow-up consult. Data analysis indicated lack of evidence of biperiden for either, the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy (2.6, 95%CI, 0.65–10.57; p = 0.170) or the mortality rate (1.57, 95%CI, 0.73–3.38; p = 0.248). The frequency of late post-traumatic seizures was higher for biperiden group (2.03, 95%CI = 0.912–3.1597; p <0.001). The present study suggests that there was insufficient evidence regarding the effect of biperiden in preventing PTE after TBI, which underpins the need for larger studies.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01048138.
Stepping into emotions: investigating the effect of angry and fearful faces on forward stepping and quiet stance
Authors: Lebert Angélique , Vilarroya Oscar , Stins John
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Facial expressions conveying an emotion may affect social interactions, such as approach- or avoidance-related behaviors. A specific facial feature is the gaze direction. An emotional facial expression such as anger will elicit distinct behavioral tendencies, depending on whether the angry gaze is directed toward the onlooker, or in a different direction. We tested whether facial expressions of anger and fear, combined with direct or averted gaze, elicit approach- or avoidance tendencies, using a go/no-go variant of the whole-body stepping task.

Method

Healthy adults stood on a force plate, recording the center of pressure (COP). Participants were presented with angry or fearful faces; either with direct or averted gaze. Participants had to identify the emotion, and “depending on instructions- either make a single step forward, or remain in a quiet stance. From the COP of the forward steps, we derived parameters such as reaction time and step size. From the quiet standing trials we derived parameters of postural sway, indicative of postural “freeze.” We used analysis of variance to analyze the outcomes.

Results and discussion

First, we found that steps were initiated faster with angry faces than with fearful faces, in line with existing literature. Second, we did not observe a significant effect of gaze direction. Forward steps with direct and averted gaze had similar COP characteristics. Finally, we had expected to find freeze (postural immobility) with fearful faces, but this was also not observed. We discuss various explanations for the finding, and implications for research into the motoric grounding of social interactions.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of aging neural progenitors reveals loss of excitatory neuron potential and a population with transcriptional immune response
Authors: Fritze Jonas , Lang Stefan , Sommarin Mikael , Soneji Shamit , Ahlenius Henrik
Published: August 2024

In the adult murine brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) can be found in two main niches: the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the DG, NSCs produce intermediate progenitors (IPs) that differentiate into excitatory neurons, while progenitors in the SVZ migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they mainly differentiate into inhibitory interneurons. Neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons, persists throughout life but decreases dramatically with aging, concomitantly with increased inflammation. Although many cell types, including microglia, undergo significant transcriptional changes, few such changes have been detected in neural progenitors. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles in progenitors from different neurogenic regions have not been compared on a single-cell level, and little is known about how they are affected by aging-related inflammation. We have generated a single cell RNA sequencing dataset enriched for IPs, which revealed that most aged neural progenitors only acquire minor transcriptional changes. However, progenitors set to become excitatory neurons decrease faster than others. In addition, a population in the aged SVZ, not detected in the OB, acquired major transcriptional activation related to immune responses. This suggests that differences in age related neurogenic decline between regions is not due to tissue differences but rather cell type specific intrinsic transcriptional programs, and that subset of neuroblasts in the SVZ react strongly to age related inflammatory cues.
Analysis of global nutrient gaps and their potential to be closed through redistribution and increased supply
Authors: Fletcher Andrew J. , Lozano Raquel , McNabb Warren C.
Published: August 2024

Global food systems are crucial for sustaining life on Earth. Although estimates suggest that the current production system can provide enough food and nutrients for everyone, equitable distribution remains challenging. Understanding global nutrient distribution is vital for addressing disparities and creating effective solutions for the present and future. This study analyzes global nutrient supply changes to address inadequacies in certain populations using the existing DELTA Model®, which uses aggregates of global food production to estimate nutrient adequacy. By examining the 2020 global food commodity and nutrient distribution, we project future food production in 2050 needs to ensure global adequate nutrition. Our findings reveal that while some nutrients appear to be adequately supplied on a global scale, many countries face national insufficiencies (% supply below the population reference intake) in essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamins A, B12, B2, potassium, and iron. Closing these gaps will require significant increases in nutrient supply. For example, despite global protein supply surpassing basic needs for the 2050 population, significant shortages persist in many countries due to distribution variations. A 1% increase in global protein supply, specifically targeting countries with insufficiencies, could address the observed 2020 gaps. However, without consumption pattern changes, a 26% increase in global protein production is required by 2050 due to population growth. In this study, a methodology was developed, applying multi-decade linear convergence to sufficiency values at the country level. This approach facilitates a more realistic assessment of future needs within global food system models, such as the DELTA Model®, transitioning from idealized production scenarios to realistic projections. In summary, our study emphasizes understanding global nutrient distribution and adjusting minimum global nutrient supply targets to tackle country-level inequality. Incorporating these insights into global food balance models can improve projections and guide policy decisions for sustainable, healthy diets worldwide.
Confronting the global obesity epidemic: investigating the role and underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in metabolic syndrome management
Authors: Liang Zihui , Wang Ziliang , Liu Xueyong , He Yu
Published: August 2024

The escalating prevalence of MetS, driven by global obesity trends, underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. To gain a deeper understanding of the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in addressing MetS, we embarked on a targeted literature review that thoroughly examines the scientific underpinnings and pivotal discoveries derived from pertinent studies, aiming to unravel the intricate mechanisms through which vitamin D exerts its effects on MetS and its components. This article explores the multifunctional role of vitamin D in the management of MetS, focusing on its regulatory effects on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and immune response. Through an extensive review of current research, we unveil the complex mechanisms by which vitamin D influences MetS components, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Our analysis reveals that vitamin D's efficacy extends beyond bone health to include significant impacts on cellular and molecular pathways critical to MetS. We advocate for further research to optimize vitamin D supplementation as a component of precision medicine for MetS, considering the safety concerns related to dosage and long-term use.
Application of λ esophagojejunostomy in total gastrectomy under laparoscopy: a modified technique for post-gastrectomy reconstruction
Authors: Liu Lang-Biao , Ruan Guo-Tian , Wu Ya-Dong , Niu Lei , Cai Jun
Published: August 2024

Objective

Common gastrectomy methods can significantly affect patients’ postoperative quality of life. This study investigated the safety, feasibility, and short-term efficacy of λ-type esophagojejunostomy in total gastrectomy under total laparoscopy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of 50 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric/gastroesophageal junction who underwent total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with λ-type esophagojejunostomy at the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2021 to July 2022. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation.

Results

Patients comprised 27 males and 23 females, aged 42 to 76 (60.9 ± 5.6) years. There were 26 cases of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (16 Siewert type II and 10 Siewert type III) and 24 cases of adenocarcinoma of the proximal gastric body. All patients underwent radical total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection with λ-type esophagojejunostomy for digestive tract reconstruction under total laparoscopy. The total operation time was 235–295 (249.4 ± 48.5) min, digestive tract reconstruction time was (48.2 ± 23.2) min, intraoperative blood loss was (63.4 ± 48.4) mL, recovery time of exhaust was (3.1 ± 2.2) d, first drinking or eating time was (4.1 ± 2.1) d, and hospital stay was (9.3 ± 4.4) d. Three patients had postoperative complications, including one with duodenal remnant leakage combined with abdominal infection. Anastomotic bleeding and postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction occurred in one patient each, all of whom were cured by conservative treatment. The Nutritional Risk Index of the whole group was 53.5 ± 8.4 preoperatively, 47.3 ± 5.6 one week postoperatively, 50.3 ± 5.6 six months postoperatively, and 52.4 ± 4.2 at 12 months postoperatively. Roux-en-Y stasis syndrome and bile reflux esophagitis occurred in one patient each (2.0%). There were no occurrences of recanalization of the closed end of the afferent loop of the esophagojejunostomy anastomosis, anastomotic stricture or obstruction, or tumor recurrence.

Conclusion

λ-type esophagojejunostomy is safe and feasible for digestive tract reconstruction after total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. This digestive tract reconstruction method not only maintains intestinal continuity but also simplifies surgical procedures, allowing patients to recover quickly with an excellent short-term effect.
Deep learning-assisted diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors based on automatic segmentation of ultrasound images: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Wei Wei , Xu Jingya , Xia Fei , Liu Jun , Zhang Zekai , Wu Jing , Wei Tianjun , Feng Huijun , Ma Qiang , Jiang Feng , Zhu Xiangming , Zhang Xia
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To construct deep learning-assisted diagnosis models based on automatic segmentation of ultrasound images to facilitate radiologists in differentiating benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Methods

A total of 582 patients histopathologically diagnosed with PGTs were retrospectively recruited from 4 centers, and their data were collected for analysis. The radiomics features of six deep learning models (ResNet18, Inception_v3 etc) were analyzed based on the ultrasound images that were obtained under the best automatic segmentation model (Deeplabv3, UNet++, and UNet). The performance of three physicians was compared when the optimal model was used and not. The Net Reclassification Index (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) were utilized to evaluate the clinical benefit of the optimal model.

Results

The Deeplabv3 model performed optimally in terms of automatic segmentation. The ResNet18 deep learning model had the best prediction performance, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.808 (0.694−0.923), 0.809 (0.712−0.906), and 0.812 (0.680−0.944) in the internal test set and external test sets 1 and 2, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimal model-assisted clinical and overall benefits were markedly enhanced for two out of three radiologists (in internal validation set, NRI: 0.259 and 0.213 [p = 0.002 and 0.017], IDI: 0.284 and 0.201 [p = 0.005 and 0.043], respectively; in external test set 1, NRI: 0.183 and 0.161 [p = 0.019 and 0.008], IDI: 0.205 and 0.184 [p = 0.031 and 0.045], respectively; in external test set 2, NRI: 0.297 and 0.297 [p = 0.038 and 0.047], IDI: 0.332 and 0.294 [p = 0.031 and 0.041], respectively).

Conclusions

The deep learning model constructed for automatic segmentation of ultrasound images can improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists for PGTs.
Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors
Authors: Rees Donald , Gianferante D. Matthew , Kim Jung , Stavrou Theodora , Reaman Gregory , Sapkota Yadav , Gramatges M. Monica , Morton Lindsay M. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Wen-Yi , Diver W. Ryan , Lori Adriana , Luo Wen , Hicks Belynda D. , Liu Jia , Hutchinson Amy A. , Goldstein Alisa M. , Mirabello Lisa
Published: August 2024

Background

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Most cases are sporadic, but well characterized germline alterations in APC, ELP1, GPR161, PTCH1, SUFU, and TP53 predispose to medulloblastoma. However, knowledge about pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants that predispose to medulloblastoma vary based on genes evaluated, patient demographics, and pathogenicity definitions.

Methods

Germline exome sequencing was conducted on 160 childhood survivors of medulloblastoma. Analyses focused on rare variants in 239 known cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs). P/LP variants were identified using ClinVar and InterVar. Variants of unknown significance in known medulloblastoma predisposing genes (APC, ELP1, GPR161, PTCH1, SUFU, TP53) were further classified for loss of function variants. We compared the frequency of P/LP variants in cases to that in 1,259 cancer-free adult controls.

Results

Twenty cases (12.5%) had a P/LP variant in an autosomal dominant CSG versus 5% in controls (p=1.0 x10-3), and 10 (6.3%) of these were P/LP variants in a known medulloblastoma gene, significantly greater than 0.2% observed in controls (p=1.4x10-8). The CSGs with the most P/LP variants in cases, and significantly higher than controls, were ELP1 (p=3.0x10-4) and SUFU (p=1.4x10-3).

Conclusion

Approximately one in eight pediatric medulloblastoma survivors had an autosomal dominant P/LP CSG variant. We confirm several known associated genes and identify novel genes that may be important in medulloblastoma.
Prognostic analysis of patients with gastric cancer based on N6-methyladenosine modification patterns and tumor microenvironment characterization
Authors: Huo Miaomiao , Zhang Min , Zhang Jingyao , Wang Yong , Hu Ting , Ma Tianyu , Wang Yinuo , Yuan Baowen , Qin Hao , Teng Xu , Yu Hefen , Huang Wei , Wang Yan
Published: August 2024

Background

Cancers arise from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, compounded by gene mutations. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, regulated by methylation regulators, has been implicated in tumor proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of m6A modification patterns in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood.

Materials and methods

In this study, we analyzed m6A modification patterns in 267 GC samples utilizing 31 m6A regulators. Using consensus clustering, we identified two unique subgroups of GC. Patients with GC were segregated into high- and low-infiltration cohorts to evaluate the infiltration proportions of the five prognostically significant immune cell types. Leveraging the differential genes in GC, we identified a “green” module via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. A risk prediction model was established using the LASSO regression method.

Results

The “green” module was connected to both the m6A RNA methylation cluster and immune infiltration patterns. Based on “Module Membership” and “Gene Significance”, 37 hub genes were identified, and a risk prediction model incorporating nine hub genes was established. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that YTHDF1 elevated the expression of DNMT3B, which synergistically promoted the initiation and development of GC. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of DNMT3B by YTHDF1 and explored the crosstalk between m6A and 5mC modification.

Conclusion

m6A RNA methylation regulators are instrumental in malignant progression and the dynamics of tumor microenvironment infiltration of GC. Assessing m6A modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in patients with GC holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker.
β-diketone accumulation in response to drought stress is weakened in modern bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kuruparan Aswini , Gao Peng , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Kumar Santosh , Gonzales-Vigil Eliana
Published: August 2024

Cuticular waxes coating leaf surfaces can help plants tolerate drought events by reducing non-stomatal water loss. Despite their role in drought tolerance, little is known about how cuticular wax composition has changed during breeding in Canadian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. To fill in this gap, flag leaves of the Canadian Heritage Bread Wheat Panel, which include 30 varieties released between 1842 and 2018, were surveyed to determine if and how cuticular wax composition in wheat has changed at two breeding ecozones over this period. Following this, a subset of varieties was subjected to drought conditions to compare their responses. As expected, modern varieties outperformed old varieties with a significantly larger head length and reaching maturity earlier. Yet, when challenged with drought, old varieties were able to significantly increase the accumulation of β-diketones to a higher extent than modern varieties. Furthermore, RNAseq was performed on the flag leaf of four modern varieties to identify potential markers that could be used for selection of higher accumulation of cuticular waxes. This analysis revealed that the W1 locus is a good candidate for selecting higher accumulation of β-diketones. These findings indicate that the variation in cuticular waxes upon drought could be further incorporated in breeding of future bread wheat varieties.
Safe delivery kits and newborn infection in rural Ethiopian communities
Authors: Hwang Won Ju , Lee Tae Hwa
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Our goal in this study to investigate the impacts of using safe delivery kits, along with education on their appropriate use, has on preventing newborn and maternal infection.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Participants, and Interventions: we conducted the study on 23 sites across a rural district in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Safe delivery kits were distributed by health extension workers. Participants comprised 534 mothers between the ages of 17 and 45 years, who were given a safe delivery kit at 7 months’ pregnancy for use during their subsequent delivery. Data collection was performed by the trained interviewers in rural Ethiopian communities.

Results

Multiple logistic regression analyses showed an independent association between using the cord tie provided in the kits and decreased newborn infection. Specifically, newborns whose mothers used the cord tie were 30 times less likely to develop cord infection than those not using the cord tie in the kits. Further, mothers who received education regarding safe delivery kit use had lower rates of puerperal infection.

Conclusion

Single-use delivery kits, when combined with education regarding the appropriate means of using the kit, can decrease the likelihood of maternal infection.

Implications for nursing

Nurses and health extension workers in low and middle-income countries should educate mothers on safe delivery kits by providing information regarding their usefulness and the importance of correct and consistent use. Implications for Health Policy: our findings emphasize the need for further interventions in vulnerable countries designed to increase the rate of hygienic birthing practices for deliveries outside health-care facilities.
The role of culturally appropriate interpersonal communication strategies to reduce hepatitis B and liver cancer disparities
Authors: Zovich Beatrice , Block Suzanne J. , Borondy-Jenkins Fiona , Moraras Kate , Chen Thomas , Adedokun Rukayat , Hua Dung , Cohen Chari
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Asian and Pacific Islander (API), African, and Caribbean immigrant groups in the U.S. are disproportionately impacted by chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Creating educational communication campaigns about hepatitis B and liver cancer for these communities is necessary to increase disease-related awareness and prompt health-promoting behaviors. Identifying interpersonal communication (IPC) preferences within diverse communities for integration into an educational campaign that emphasizes the link between hepatitis B and liver cancer can ultimately promote uptake of screening, vaccination and linkage to appropriate care.

Methods

Fifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted with participants from Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and analysis.

Results

Findings demonstrate that all communities preferred that materials be offered in both English and native languages and emphasized that campaigns highlight the connection between hepatitis B and liver cancer. Educational sessions should take place in settings where communities feel safe, including community-based organizations, religious establishments, and healthcare offices, and should be facilitated by trusted messengers, including patient navigators, doctors and faith leaders. Presenting accurate information and dispelling myths and misconceptions around hepatitis B, liver cancer, and their connection were the biggest needs identified across all focus groups.

Discussion

This study provides insight into community-specific preferences for learning about hepatitis B and liver cancer through IPC methods. The findings from this study can be used to design multi-platform, culturally and linguistically appropriate health education campaigns to facilitate improved diagnosis, prevention, and management of hepatitis B and liver cancer among heavily impacted communities in the U.S.