bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Effective Supply Strategies of Informationization Teaching Resources under the Background of "Double Reduction"
Authors: Liu Quan
Published: May 2024

The quality of education after the "double reduction" needs to be guaranteed by deepening education and teaching reform. In order to better implement the "double reduction", it is necessary to apply information technology teaching methods to promote educational reform. At the same time, deepening information technology teaching reform is also an effective measure to promote the common and balanced development of compulsory education. In the society where information technology teaching is constantly developing, information resources are everywhere. In the context of "double reduction", the study of effective supply strategies for high-quality information technology education resources is conducive to the realization of reducing burden, increasing efficiency, and improving the quality of education environment. On the basis of explaining how information technology education resources can empower the implementation of "double reduction", this study proposes effective supply strategies for information technology education resources from the perspectives of precise promotion of teaching resources and teaching services, hierarchical supply of after-school service resources, big data resources to assist school work, and transformation of service models for off campus institutions.
"Enhanced DA Algorithm for FIR Filter Design and FPGA Implementation"
Authors: Dwivedi Akshya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study looks into the difficulties of using the Distributed Arithmetic (DA) method for Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). It focuses on how coefficients are represented, balancing precision using fixed-point arithmetic and quantization. The research explores ways to optimize memory use, aiming to store data more efficiently within FPGA resources and reduce memory needs. To speed up computations, it examines how to make accessing lookup tables faster and suggests improvements in design. The study also considers how to manage FPGA resources effectively, balancing latency, throughput, and resource use. It looks at specific improvements to the DA method for FIR filters to make better use of resources and enhance performance. Overall, this work provides insights and solutions for algorithm design, memory use, lookup table speed, and FPGA architecture to make DA-based FIR filter implementations on FPGAs more efficient.
Botanic Shield: A Deep Learning Solution for Early Detection of Plant Disease
Authors: Kummar Sankaran Ramesh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Plant diseases threaten both food security and the botanical system of the environment which canlead to low- grade food quality and life style. Early detection of plants diseases is the key feature in plantproduction which increase the better growth of plant, results in best yield and better food quality andquantity. The plant condition can be determined byusing the photos of the plant which will be in the formof jpg using digital image processing and the current emerging technology Deep Learning. DeepLearning has made breakthroughs in the field of digital image processing, far superior to traditional methods. The Digital image processing process happens through convolution neural network (CNN) and computer vision techniques, the image recognition technology based on deep learning does not need to extractspecificfeatures, and only through iterative learning can find appropriate features, which can acquire global andcontextual features of images, and has strong robustness and higher recognition accuracy. By inputting a test image into the classification network, the network analyses the input image and returns a label that classifiesthe image. The added feature is thatit also suggeststhe required pesticides after the detection
Performance Evaluation of M30 Grade Concrete Using Silica Sand as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete
Authors: Khursel Eklavya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study explores the improvement of concrete parcels, particularly strength and continuity, through the partial substitute of cement with silica fume (SF). The exploration addresses the environmental and health issues caused by artificial waste disposal, similar to covering ash and copper slag, by incorporating silica sand into concrete. A literature review reveals that SF significantly improves the mechanical and continuity characteristics of concrete, enabling the product of highperformance concrete suitable for these soundings. This paper investigates the strength parameters of concrete with 0 –15% SF relief in increment of 5%, comparing the results with conventional concrete. Findings indicate that the optimal compressive strength and split tens are achieved at 10% SF relief, beyond which strength decreases. This study aims to inform civil masterminds about the benefits of SF- modified concrete composites.
Unified Steganography for Concealing and Extracting Secret Messages
Authors: Yasir Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Abstract: With the increasing significance of data security in the digital age, steganography has emerged as a crucial technique for concealing information within various forms of media. This paper presents a unified steganographic framework designed to embed and extract secret messages in images, audio, and text files. Utilizing the Least_Significant_Bit (LSB) method, our approach ensures minimal distortion of the host media while maintaining high security and robustness of the hidden messages. The system is implemented in Python, featuring an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate user interaction. Comprehensive experiments and analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in maintaining the imperceptibility and integrity of the steganographic media. This unified solution offers a versatile and efficient tool for secure communication, digital watermarking, and protection of intellectual property. Our findings underline the potential of integrating steganographic techniques across different media formats to enhance data security and privacy.
Alertness Assured: Sleep Detection and Video Control Technology
Authors: Pawar Kusumlata
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The system utilizes advanced computer vision algorithms to analyze real-time video streams, employing techniques such as facial landmark detection and eye movement tracking. By continuously monitoring these visual cues, the system can accurately detect signs of drowsiness, such as drooping eyelids or prolonged eye closures, prompting timely interventions to prevent accidents or errors caused by fatigue. In addition to detecting drowsiness, the system also evaluates the user's attention levels by analysing head orientation and facial expressions. By tracking head movements and assessing changes in facial expressions indicative of engagement or distraction, the system provides valuable insights into the user's cognitive state. This attention assessment component enables the system to adapt its feedback and intervention strategies based on the user's level of alertness and focus. To enhance user awareness and responsiveness, the system employs graphical visualization techniques to display real-time feedback on drowsiness and attention status. Visual indicators, such as color-coded alerts or dynamic graphs depicting attention trends, provide users with intuitive insights into their cognitive performance, empowering them to make informed decisions about their work habits or driving patterns. Moreover, the system utilizes auditory alerts to supplement visual feedback, ensuring that users receive timely notifications even in noisy or visually demanding environments. Whether it's a gentle reminder to take a short break or a more urgent warning about escalating drowsiness levels, auditory cues serve as an effective means of alerting users to potential risks and encouraging proactive intervention
Research on An IOT Based Smart E-Fuel Station using ESP-32
Authors: Amulya B. , Bhargavi Deekonda , Ankita Noone , Lavan Rayapudi Gopi
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is altering traditional fuel stations in the fast-changing energy and transportation landscape. The ESP32 microcontroller's capabilities are utilized in the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) smart e-fuel station shown in this research. By adding real-time monitoring, automation, and data analytics, the system seeks to improve the effectiveness, security, and user experience of traditional filling stations. Actuators for controlling pumps and queuing traffic are important parts of theproposed system, along with sensor networks for tracking fuel levels, traffic movement, and environmental conditions. The central center for data processing, aggregation, and communication is the ESP32 microcontroller, which makes it easier for different subsystems to work together seamlessly.
Liderazgo educativo para la justicia social en contextos desafiantes. Casos documentados en México
Authors: Nava-Lara Sergio Alberto , Rodríguez Uribe César Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

En el contexto de entornos educativos caracterizados por una alta complejidad socioeducativa, este estudio se propone identificar las prácticas y estrategias implementadas por el personal directivo en instituciones de nivel básico, las cuales tienen un impacto en la mejora del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se empleó una metodología basada en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, focalizada en casos documentados en México por el Proyecto Internacional de Directores Escolares Exitosos. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en diversas bases de datos académicas como Google Académico, Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron 19 documentos para una revisión exhaustiva, incluyendo artículos académicos, ponencias en congresos, libros y capítulos de libros. Los resultados obtenidos se organizaron en categorías correspondientes al liderazgo transformacional y se analizaron desde la justicia social a partir de teoría del comportamiento planificado. Entre las estrategias identificadas se encuentran el establecimiento de una visión cohesiva en la comunidad escolar, el apoyo emocional al personal, la especificación de valores compartidos y el cumplimiento de compromisos establecidos.
PELAPIS LATEKS SEBAGAI ANTITRANSPIRAN PADA DAUN BIBIT TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Cahyo Andi Nur , Pranata Dina Eka , Wijaya Andi
Published: May 2024

Pengendalian laju transpirasi yang berlebihan pada tanaman karet dapat dilakukan dengan aplikasi bahan anti-transpiran untuk mengurangi konduktivitas stomata selama musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formula anti-transpiran lateks dengan berbagai konsentrasi terhadap laju transpirasi dan nilai Performance Index (PI) selama periode cekaman kekeringan. Bahan tanam dalam penelitian ini berupa bibit karet klon PB 260 satu payung daun yang ditanam pada polibeg berukuran 15 x 35 cm. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan split-plot dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian anti-transpiran tanpa anti-transpiran sebagai kontrol (A0), anti-transpiran lateks 7,5% (A7,5), anti-transpiran lateks 15% (A15), dan anti-transpiran lateks 22,5% (A22,5) pada daun. Faktor kedua adalah perlakuan stress kekeringan, yaitu kontrol (K) dan terminal stress (T). Parameter yang diamati meliputi luas daun, laju transpirasi, serta fluoresensi klorofil daun. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Penggunaan anti-transpiran berbahan dasar lateks pada tanaman karet dapat menurunkan laju transpirasi oleh daun dan mempertahankan ketersediaan air dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama. Konsentrasi anti-transpiran yang paling ideal diaplikasikan pada daun tanaman karet adalah 7,5%. Aplikasi antitranspiran dengan konsentrasi 7,5% dapat mengurangi laju transpirasi sebesar 0,05 dan 0,065 g/cm2 luas daun/hari pada perlakuan kontrol dan cekaman kekeringan (terminal stress) berturut-turut. Selain itu, perlakuan aplikasi antitranspiran dengan konsentrasi 7,5%, 15%, dan 22,5% telah dapat mengurangi laju transpirasi sekitar 50%, 50%, dan 75% berturut-turut dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa anti-transpiran). Konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dari pada 7,5% dapat menyebabkan penutupan stomata yang berlebihan sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan terbentuknya ROS yang berlebihan. Anti-transpiran ini dapat diaplikasikan sekali sebelum terjadinya musim kemarau/kekurangan air.
Sizing equation based on the outlet fluid temperature of closed-loop ground heat exchangers
Authors: Dion Gabriel , Pasquier Philippe , Perraudin Diego
Published: May 2024

The ASHRAE sizing equation is widely used to find the length of a ground heat exchanger required to cover a given ground thermal load. Some sizing methods use the concept of g-functions, based on a finite line source model, to compute the thermal resistances required by the equation. Such g-functions are defined at the borehole wall and do not incorporate the short-term features of the boreholes such as fluid residence time and borehole heat capacity, and thus are not readily applicable to simulation of ground heat exchanger outlet temperature. This article proposes an adaptation to the alternative ASHRAE sizing equation of Ahmadfard and Bernier (2018) and defines the transfer function at the outlet of the ground heat exchanger. The proposed approach iterates on the borehole length to identify the borehole outlet transfer function that maintains the fluid within prescribed temperature limits. Verification of the method are performed using test cases described by Ahmadfard and Bernier (2019). It is found that ground heat exchanger length obtained are within 5% of the ones predicted by the alternative ASHRAE sizing equation. The variations are related to the approximate nature of a three-pulse sizing approach. The proposed method also benefits from the use of the short-term transfer function provided by an artificial neural network.
Extending the ASHRAE method to a 25-year horizon through the Tp8 model for temperature penalty accurate estimation
Authors: Fossa Marco , Morchio Stefano , Memme Samuele , Priarone Antonella , Parenti Mattia
Published: May 2024

The accurate design of Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) fields in ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems is crucial for ensuring long-term performance. Traditional sizing methods, such as the ASHRAE method as modified by ASHRAE-Tp8 version, consider the annual building heating and cooling demand over a 10-year time horizon by applying the temporal superposition of 3 aggregated thermal pulses of different durations. The present paper aims to clarify how the ASHRAE-Tp8 method could be adapted to be employed over a 25-year plant operation horizon. Temperature penalty estimations are compared with "real" precalculated temperature response factors (g-functions) through the minimization of a suitable objective function. Optimized constants for the present new ASHRAE-Tp8 method are derived, enabling its easy adaptation for the 25-year time period. Comparisons with EED and GLHEPRO commercial software results demonstrate the reliability of this improved method, with borefield length estimations accurate within 7% and 6% respectively. The results reported in the present paper lead to easily inferring the error in terms of overall length and borehole depth that would be obtained by employing the design process proper of the 10-year reference period when the 25-year time horizon is considered. The methodology is in general demonstrated to be applicable to different time frames.
Development of thermal response test equipment applicable to water wells of large diameters
Authors: Fujii Hikari , Tanaka Satoshi , Kosukegawa Hiroyuki , Harada Retsu
Published: May 2024

In this work, a novel TRT equipment applicable to water wells of large diameters was developed and tested in an actual GSHP site. The equipment consists of an electric heater and an optical fiber sensor and is adhered to the well casing by electromagnets. The temperature change at the well wall is measured during and after the heating period for the estimation of the thermal conductivity of the ground (Î»s). First, TRTs using a heating cable were conducted in a grouted GHE close to a water well of 50 m deep located in Saga City, Kyushu, Japan, to obtain a vertical profile of Î»s as a reference. Then, four TRTs were conducted in the water well completed with a steel casing using the new TRT equipment. In the TRTs, the length of the heating period was changed from 0.5 days to 4 days to investigate the necessary length of the heating period, while the heat load was set around 43 W/m. Î»s values of each depth were estimated by graphical method based on Kelvinâ€™s line source theory in the heating and the recovery periods in each TRT. The comparison between the Î»s profiles estimated from the heating periods and the reference profile showed significant differences due to the generation of natural convection of groundwater and the difficulty in controlling the position of the heater and the temperature sensor. The profiles obtained from the recovery periods, on the other hand, showed a good agreement with the reference profile when the heating period was set as 2 days or more, indicating the applicability of the new equipment in water wells of diameters up to 200 mm.
Role of air sealing while ground source heat pump system retrofits in U.S. single-family houses
Authors: Anand Jyothis , Liu Xiaobing , Li Yanfei , Malhotra Mini
Published: May 2024

Widespread commercial adoption of ground source heat pumps (GSHP) is hindered by the relatively high initial cost associated with drilling boreholes in the ground to deploy ground heat exchangers. Reducing the energy demand of buildings has the potential to reduce the required borehole length and the associated drilling costs. In single-family residential buildings, air sealing can significantly lower heating energy usage, according to recent studies and reports. Thus, air sealing in conjunction with GSHP retrofits can lower the required GSHP system's capacity and borehole length to meet the thermal demands of the buildings. In order to understand the role of combining air sealing with GSHP retrofit quantitatively, the current study employs a whole building energy simulation tool integrated with an advanced design tool for the ground heat exchanger to determine changes in required GSHP capacity, total borehole length, and building energy consumption for with- and without-air sealing in single-family houses in 3 climate zones in the United States. The study considers one representative city for each climate zone, Phoenix, AZ for a hot climate, Seattle, WA for a moderate climate, and Minneapolis, MN for a cold climate. The results from this study show that reducing air infiltration from 0.8 ACH to the minimum ventilation requirement (0.35 ACH) can reduce borehole length requirement by up to 24% in Phoenix, 32% in Seattle, and 70% in Minneapolis. A similar magnitude of reduction can be seen for GSHP capacity and total building energy usage as well.
Study on expansion of air-conditioning area by a hybrid ground source heat pump system for retrofitting an office building to be a net-zero energy building
Authors: Katsura Takao , Nakamura Yasushi , Nagano Katsunori
Published: May 2024

In recent years, ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have gained recognition as a renewable heat energy utilization application and are increasingly installed in buildings to achieve Zero Energy Building status in Japan. In Kitakyushu City, Japan, an office building operational since 2010 features a hybrid GSHP system comprising 80 m x 50 borehole double U-tube ground heat exchangers and a cooling tower. Monitoring of this hybrid GSHP system over more than 8 years revealed an estimated effective thermal conductivity of the ground at 4.5 W/(mK), higher than thermal response test results due to groundwater flow influence, with the maximum cooling load smaller than the design value.||In this paper, the authors aimed to expand the air-conditioning area using the hybrid GSHP system to retrofit the office building into a net-zero energy building. Specifically, simulation was employed to investigate the air-conditioning area covered by the hybrid GSHP system, based on actual measurements of heating and cooling loads. Results confirmed a threefold increase in the air-conditioning area covered by the hybrid GSHP system, expanding from approximately 20% to 60% of the present air-conditioning area. Comparatively, when compared to an all-air-source heat pump (ASHP) scenario, electric energy reduction increased with building area, showing approximately 13% reduction when doubled and approximately 19% increase when tripled.
Maternal demographic patterns in medication use in pregnancy: a Danish nationwide register study
Authors: Thunbo Mette , Vendelbo Julie , Witte Daniel , Larsen Agnete , Pedersen Lars
Published: May 2024

Aim More women than ever before use medication during pregnancy. This
use of medications is associated with maternal demographic
characteristics, but the nature of the associations is not well
documented, especially in relation to polypharmacy. This study describes
the medication use during pregnancy in relation to maternal age, Body
Mass Index (BMI), smoking, parity, ethnic origin, and socioeconomic
classification. Methods This was a Danish nationwide registry study
comprising 698,447 clinically recognised pregnancies with gestational
age ≥ 10 weeks. This study was conducted in the 2008-2018 period.
Medication use was estimated based on the prescription redemption during
pregnancy and stratified by maternal demographic characteristics.
Results Overall, 60.3% of all pregnant women redeemed at least one
prescription during pregnancy, and 28.9% redeemed multiple medications.
When stratified by maternal demographic characteristics, use of
medication was higher among women aged ≥35 years (65.1%), those with a
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (68.6%), smokers (66.0%), multipara (62.4%), Black
women (64.5%), and those on early retirement (78.8%). A similar
pattern was seen for polypharmacy. Anti-infectives were the most
frequently used medication in all subgroups. The types of medications
used in combination differed with maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, and
socioeconomic classification; especially women on early retirement had a
different combination pattern. Conclusion Use of one or multiple
medications during pregnancy was highest among women above 35 years of
age, women with obesity, smokers, Black women, and early retirees. Early
retirees had a distinct prescription pattern, which potentially
increased their risk of teratogenicity and maternal adverse effects.
Chiral Induced Highly Efficient NIR-Photothermal Conversion of Perylene Diimide@Silica Nanocapsules for Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhao Yue , An Fuhao , Wu Jichao , Li Haining , Wang Xueyu , Jiao Lanya , Kong Ying , Zhu Jinghan , Sun Xun , Li Xu , Wang Miao , Zhang Yu , Sun Xuan
Published: May 2024

Photothermal agents (PTAs) with ultra-high photothermal conversion
efficiency (PCE) activated upon near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation
can heat up and destroy tumor cells under low-intensity laser excitation
to allow safe and efficient tumor therapy. Herein, an organic PTA with
outstanding PCE of 89.6% is developed from rationally designed perylene
diimide (PDI) with electron donating cyclohexylamine moiety at the
bay-positions of its skeleton and chiral phenethylamine (PEA) moiety at
its N terminals, termed here as PEAPDI. The strong intermolecular
interaction between the PDI skeletons induced by PEA together with the
intramolecular charge transfer from cyclohexylamine to PDI skeleton
severely quenches the fluorescence emission from PEAPDI and
significantly enhance its NIR absorption, resulting in super
NIR-photothermal conversion. PEAPDI is further encapsulated into silica
nanocapsules (SNC) to produce PEAPDI@SNC. The specific features of
PEAPDI@SNC, including small hydrodynamic diameter with monodispersity,
high PDI encapsulation efficiency, colloidal stability and
biocompatibility, effectively extend its blood circulation time and
enhance its permeability and retention effect to accumulate at the tumor
site. In vivo study using a 4T1-tumor-bearing mice model
demonstrates highly effective tumor ablation without side effect at low
dosage of PEAPDI@SNC with NIR laser irradiation (808 nm). PEAPDI@SNC
shows great potential for photothermal therapy in tumor treatment.
An index description of the general characteristics of thermospheric density based on the Two-Line-Element datasets and the Spectral Whitening Method
Authors: Woo yihan , Mao Tian , Wang Jing-Song , Tang Wei , Song Qiao , Zhao Ming-Xian
Published: May 2024

The thermospheric density and its variations are crucial to aerospace
activities as well as space weather research and operation. However, due
to the difficulties to observe the thermosphere, there has been a lack
of effective descriptions for the overall general characteristics of
thermospheric density. In this present paper, the Two-Line-Element
datasets (TLEs) from multi-target low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are
used to derive a proxy of the daily average atmospheric density in the
thermospheric shell located in the vicinity of LEOs’ orbital altitude.
It captures the overall characteristics of the thermosphere and exhibits
good correlations (0.84) with modeled and observed thermospheric
density. By applying the spectral whitening method (SWM) to this proxy,
a new index JsT is derived to describe non-periodic perturbation of the
density where the specific satellite passed by. The fact that the JsT
obtained from different satellites within the same thermospheric shell
presents significant consistency to each other means that the new index
is a good indicator for the overall feature of the variations of
thermospheric density, and it is possible to define a unified regional
index JrT to describe density disturbances for the thermospheric shell
where these satellites flying through. Moreover, the JrT at different
altitudes also present good consistency suggesting the possibility of
defining a global index JpT, capable of describing the density variation
of the entire thermosphere.
Martian Highlands Differentiation Concomitant to Dichotomy Formation
Authors: Gibet Valentin Bonnet , Michaut Chloe , Bodin Thomas , Wieczorek Mark A. , Dubuffet Fabien
Published: May 2024

The Martian surface composition appears mainly mafic but recent
observations have revealed the presence of differentiated rocks, only in
the Highlands. Here, we demonstrate that differentiated melts can form
during the construction of thick crustal regions on Mars by fractional
crystallisation of a mafic protolith, without plate tectonics. On a
stagnant-lid planet, regions of thicker crusts contain more
heat-producing elements and are associated to thinner lithospheres and
to higher mantle melt fractions. This induces larger crustal extraction
rates where the crust is thicker. This positive feedback mechanism is
favoured at large wavelengths and can explain the formation of the
Martian dichotomy. We further develop an asymmetric parameterised
thermal evolution model accounting for crustal extraction, where the
well-mixed convective mantle is topped by two lithospheres (North/South)
characterised by specific thermal and crustal structures. We use this
model in a Bayesian inversion to investigate the conditions that allow
crustal temperatures to be maintained above the basalt solidus during
crustal growth, resulting in the formation of evolved melts.Among the thermal evolution models matching constraints on the structure
of the Martian crust and mantle provided by the InSight NASA mission, a
non-negligible fraction allows partial melting and differentiation of
the crust in the south, which can occur very early (<100 Myr)
as well as during the Hesperian ; partial melting in the north appears
unlikely. Although crustal differentiation may occur on a hemispheric
scale on Mars, its vertical extent is limited to less than a third of
the crustal thickness.
Exponential stability of delayed neutral impulsive stochastic integro-differential systems perturbed by fractional Brownian motion and Poisson jumps
Authors: Benkabdi Youssef , Lakhela El
Published: May 2024

In this manuscript, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and exponential
stability of a delayed neutral impulsive stochastic integro-differential
equation driven by fractional Brownian motion in a separable Hilbert space
and Poisson jumps. The results are obtained, using the theory of resolvent
operators, stochastic analysis, and a fixed-point technique. Lastly, an
example is provided to show the validity of the obtained results.
Global existence and exponential decay for thermoelastic system with nonlinear distributed delay
Authors: Taouaf Noureddine , Lekdim Billal
Published: May 2024

In this work, we consider the thermoelastic system with a nonlinear
distributed delay. Under appropriate hypothesis on the weight function of
the delay we prove well-posedness by using the Feado- Galerkin method. Also
we establish an exponential decay result by introducing a suitable Lyapunov
functional.
Root-multiplicity and root iterative refinement
Authors: Dzunic Jovana
Published: May 2024

We discuss root-finding algorithms for multiple zeros of nonlinear equations
in one variable. Recent investigations regarding this problem were mainly
aimed at deriving schemes that use the beforehand knowledge of root
multiplicity. In this communication we investigate several such root-finding
methods under the assumption that the multiplicity of the sought root is not
early known. We analyze strategies where root refinement is calculated along
side to its multiplicity assessment, and put them to use through numerical
experiments. Presented results go in favor of a more realistic use of the
analysed methods.
A comprehensive decision assessment for trust evaluation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chakkarapani Sumathi Thilagasree , Thippan Jayakumar , Joseph Raj Vikilal Joice Brainy , Subramaniam Pragathi , Kang Daekook
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study endeavors to tackle the pressing issue of network
security within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) through the introduction of
an innovative integrated Pythagorean fuzzy-based method for evaluating
network nodes. The primary aim is to enrich decision making frameworks
within WSNs by furnishing a robust methodology for identifying and
eradicating malevolent nodes. Methods: investigation employs an integrated
Pythagorean fuzzy-based methodology to appraise network nodes by
scrutinizing specific trust attributes. Comparative assessment with
alternative contemporary Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) trust
models is conducted to gauge the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Results: The results underscore the efficacy of the integrated Pythagorean
fuzzy-based approach in bolstering network security through the precise
identification and elimination of malicious nodes. Comparative analysis with
other MCDM trust models highlights the superiority of the proposed approach
in evaluating network nodes based on trust attributes. Recommendations: In
light of the findings, it is advised to integrate fuzzy decision analysis
methodologies into decision making systems for WSNs to enhance network
security. Additionally, future research endeavors could concentrate on
refining and expanding upon the proposed methodology to effectively address
emerging security challenges within WSNs.
Overconfidence and Contract Framing
Authors: Majerczyk Michael , Owens Joel , Waddoups Nathan
Published: May 2024

Prior contract framing research finds that agents generally choose to provide greater effort under penalty contracts than under economically equivalent bonus contracts. At the same time, many individuals tend to be overconfident in their own abilities, which may alter agents’ expectancies when making effort provision decisions. In this study, we extend the contract framing literature by conducting an experiment in which participants can improve the likelihood of earning a bonus or avoiding a penalty by providing greater costly effort and by performing well on the experimental task. We find that participants who are not overconfident in their ability to perform the task well exhibit the general contract framing effect, whereas overconfident participants do not. This suggests that for work tasks where production is a function of both effort and ability, the preponderance of overconfident individuals consistent with the “better-than-average effect” mutes the effect of contract framing on effort.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.

JEL Classifications: M49; M12; M11.
The History of IFRS in Russia in 1991–2021
Authors: Generalova Natalia V. , Pyatov Mikhail L. , Sokolov Boris I.
Published: May 2024

The authors analyze the trends in the application of IFRS in Russia in the post-Soviet period between 1991 and 2021. The research relies on Russian regulatory legal acts, scientific and professional publications, and the data describing the development of accounting practices in Russia. The study reviews the scale of proactive adoption of IFRS by Russian companies in the 1990s and 2000s. It also evaluates the legal support of the transition to IFRS in Russia, including the legal requirement of IFRS filing for the consolidated financial statements of Russian companies. The article reviews the Russian accounting standards in terms of their compliance with the IFRS. The authors analyze the adoption of IFRS by the public sector as well as by small and medium-size enterprises. The transition to IFRS was a natural response to the key macroeconomic processes that have changed Russia over the past 30 years of its post-Soviet reality.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M48.
Assessing the Diagnostic Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Histopathological Correlation and Clinical Insights
Authors: S* Katwal
Published: May 2024

Background: Lung cancer is a global health issue, and Multi Detector Row Computed Tomography (MDCT) plays a crucial role in diagnosing and staging bronchogenic carcinoma. Purpose: To document bronchogenic carcinoma’s MDCT features and assess CT scan accuracy compared to histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Between June 2020 and November 2021, 70 patients with suspected bronchogenic carcinoma underwent clinical assessment and 128-slice MDCT scans from lung apices to upper abdomen, including adrenal glands. MDCT findings were compared to histopathological examination. Statistical analysis using SPSS 16 and Excel determined CT’s positive predictive value against histopathological diagnosis as the reference standard. Results: Out of the 70 patients, 41% were female, and 59% were male. Among those with suspected bronchogenic carcinoma in CT, 86% were confirmed as malignant through histological analysis. The mean age of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was 61.5 years. Squamous cell carcinoma (43%) was the most common histological subtype, followed by adenocarcinoma (38%). There was a notable male predominance (68%) for bronchogenic carcinoma, with distinct patterns observed for different histological subtypes. MDCT exhibited an 86% positive predictive value in diagnosing bronchogenic carcinoma compared to histopathology. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma emerged as the most prevalent subtype of bronchogenic carcinoma, with MDCT demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. The study advocates for routine MDCT utilization in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Consider limitations like absent interobserver variation and challenges in distinguishing reactive hyperplasia from metastatic lymphadenopathy. Future research could explore potential implications and applications of the study’s findings.
Plant Secondary Metabolites in Cancer Treatment: A Mini Review
Authors: A Panja
Published: May 2024

Plant-based medicines have been utilized since ancient times to treat a variety of human and animal illnesses one such disease is cancer. Cancer is a multistage process that involves the uncontrolled and sudden division of cells and is one of the primary causes of death. Over the past few years, plant secondary metabolites have gained substantial attention for their potential role in cancer treatment and cure. These metabolites, due to their diverse chemical structures and biological activities have shown to have potential in the treatment of cancer with minimal side effects. These bioactive compounds are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens, and they have been found to exhibit anti-cancer properties in vitro and in vivo. They demonstrate their anticancer activities by eliminating free radicals, triggering apoptosis, and blocking angiogenesis in cancer cells. Over the years, a number of plant-derived compounds have demonstrated potential anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. This mini-review seeks to offer an overview of current research on plant secondary metabolites and their potential use in cancer therapy. The review discusses the many types of plant secondary metabolites that have been studied for their anti-cancer activities, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols. The review also examines these metabolite's methods of action, which include apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and angiogenesis suppression. Overall, plant secondary metabolites hold considerable promise as a source of new anti-cancer drugs, but more study is needed to fully realize their potential.
The Performance of two Well-Known Segmentation Convolutional Neural Networks, Unet and Segnet, for the Segmentation of Blood Vessels, Optic Disc and Demarcation Line in Retinopathy of Prematurity Retcam Images
Authors: YTW Carolyn
Published: May 2024

Background: Screening is the predominant strategy for early detection of ROP. However, image analysis is dependent on the experience of ophthalmologists, which introduces subjective variables into the interpretation of data. Computer-aided diagnostics has recently become more widely employed as a second-reader tool, reducing doctors' diagnostic uncertainties. Based on this, the development of such systems is critical, and it may be done by refining its processes, namely, more accurate segmentation and disease detection. Given this circumstance, the current study presents the use of two well-known convolutional neural networks (CNNs) developed for segmentation, U-Net and SegNet, to segment blood vessels (BV), optic discs (OD), and demarcation lines/ridges in ROP fundus images. Defining which architecture is most suited for such a task can assist in reducing the stress on ophthalmologists for ROP screenings and triage. Methods: CNNs are used in segmentation to classify each pixel in an image using self-trained weights. Using three data subsets, each containing 50 RetCam images of ROP and their corresponding masks regarding the BV, OD, or ridge of interest, retrieved from the only publicly available ROP segmentation dataset, i.e. HVDROPDB, we compared the automatic segmentation performed by the U-Net and SegNet using different configurations and in different segmentation tasks related to ROP diagnosis. Results: Among the two proposed architectures, U-Net obtained better overall results in all segmentation tasks, obtaining accuracies of 0.933-0.8751, dice coefficients of 0.49-0.648, and took less training time than the SegNet, which achieved accuracies of 0.933-0.80 and dice scores of 0.40-0.648. Conclusion: The two networks can segment RetCam images of ROP with useful accuracy depending on their configuration, with U-Net being generally faster to train and more accurate.
Review on Tropical Carriers of Antifungal Drug Therapy
Authors: B* Mayuri
Published: May 2024

Among the most prevalent conditions affecting the skin are fungus infections. OTC and oral antifungal medications are used in treatment regimens. Considering the potential negative effects of oral treatment, the topical method is usually favoured. Soon, traditional products like gels, ointments, and creams may become obsolete due to advancements made in formulation. When used to treat cutaneous fungal infections, a number of carrier systems that are packed with antifungal medications have shown encouraging outcomes. These more recent carriers include liposomes, ethosomes, liposomes, Microemulsion, and lipid systems such solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Penetration enhancer vesicles are another example of these newer carriers. Compared to cream and ointment, gel and composition have superior stability and application qualities. Among the most prevalent dermatology issues are skin interactions resulting from fungal infections. The most effective treatment for cutaneous infections is topical medication.
Analisis Serapan Hara N, P dan K Jaringan Cabai (Capsicum sp.) pada Variasi Tingkat Kemasaman Tanah
Authors: Sangkala Sangkala , Sunardi Sunardi , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: May 2024

This research tested the effect of soil acidity level on the uptake of macro elements in plant tissue. This research is a type of experimental research that examines the effect of soil acidification levels on the absorption of N, P, and K nutrients in chili plant tissues. This research was conducted on the greenhouse experimental land of the Sambas State Polytechnic, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. This activity is carried out from March to October 2022. The research design used a descriptive analysize with three treatments, namely pH = 6 (P1), pH = 7 (P2), and pH = 8 (P3) which were repeated as many as 3 tests. Each treatment consisted of 30 plants planted in a planting medium mixed with soil, burnt husks and animal dung. N, P and K uptake is obtained through the analysis of the covering of stem and leaf tissues. The results showed that the difference in the level of acidification of the growing media did not have a effect on the level of absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, but level of acidification have effect in potassium absorption in chili plants. Nitrogen content generally decreases in plant tissue samples aged 30 to 45 days after planting, while in plants aged 45 to 50 days after planting, there is enerally an increase in the accumulation of nitrogen in plant tissues. Absorption of phosphorus elements in tissues fluctuates over a period of 30 to 60 days after planting. The phosphorus content found in leaf tissue treatment pH 6 and pH 7 increased from the observation period of 30 to 60 days after planting. Absorption of potassium elements in tissues fluctuates over a period of 30 to 60 days after planting. An increase in Potassium content in stem and leaf tissues occurred in pH 6 treatment samples. Key words : chili, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, uptake
Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Hasil Tanaman Kacang Merah Menggunakan Dosis POC Darah Sapi Serta Pupuk Anorganik Sumber Nitrogen dan Sulfur
Authors: Maulana Berlian Hafidzah , Astiningrum Murti , Anindyawati Nurul
Published: May 2024

This research was conducted to determine the effect of giving doses of liquid organic fertilizer cow's blood and inorganic fertilizers of the NPK Phonska and ZA on the quality and quantity of red bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The research was carried out in August - October 2022 at the Kledung Research Park, Tidar University. The research method used a factorial experiment (4 x 2) with a complete group randomized design. The first factor is doses of cow blood liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 level: 0, 100, 200, 300 ml/plot 3,5 m2). The second factor was the addition of inorganic fertilizers with doses of NPK Phonska and ZA. The results of the analysis of this study showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer cow blood at a dose of 160 - 240 ml/plot 3,5 m2 on red bean plants obtained the highest results on the number of pods planted, the weight of the pods planted, the number of seeds planted and the weight of seeds m2. The application of liquid organic fertilizer cow blood up to 300 ml/plot was able to increase yields on the wight of the seeds planted and the weight of Plant 100 seeds. The application of inorganic fertilizers of the NPK Phonska type gave higher results in  number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds/ m2 and weight of 100 seeds content compared with using ZA fertilizer. There was no interaction in the combined treatment of liquid organic cow blood fertilizer with inorganic fertilizers on all parameters. Keywords: Red bean, Cow blood liquid organic fertilizer, NPK Phonska, ZA
Interactive Effect of Fertilization and Biochar on the Growth of Juniperus scopulorum under Various Shading and Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Rahman Sk Abidur , Lee Hyun Ju , Carayugan Mark Bryan , Wijaya Bangun Adi , Youn Woo Bin , Yeo Jong Chan , Park Sang Hyun , Kong Ye Jin , Kim Hyung Won , Carvalho Julia Inacio , Latt Myo Min , Hintural Wencelito Palis , An Ji Young , Park Byung Bae
Published: May 2024

The global demand for landscape trees has been amplified with the increasing anthropogenic activity. South Korea has also witnessed a surge in demand for landscape plants, among others, Juniperus scopulorum gaining popularity for its ecological, economic, adaptability, and management attributes. However, the optimum management practice for high-quality Juniperus seedling production in South Korea remains unknown. This research was conducted on the one-to-two-years-old two cultivars of J. scopulorum, namely Blue Angel and Blue Heaven seedlings, to investigate the combined impacts of varying fertilizer concentrations (0 ppm, 150 ppm, 300 ppm) and biochar content (0% and 20%) under contrasting shading intensities (0%, 35%, 55%) and irrigation levels (200 ml, 400 ml, 800 ml). The study revealed that biochar and fertilizer amendment significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) enhanced the height and root collar diameter growth in Blue Angel and Blue Heaven in light shade intensity (0–35%) and higher irrigation (400–800 ml) conditions. Similarly, seedlings planted in 20% biochar and 300 ppm fertilizer yielded higher foliar, stem, and root biomass in low shade and higher irrigation conditions. The amount of shade and irrigation and their interactions significantly affected the morphological growth of seedlings for both cultivars, causing positive interaction with soil amendment (biochar and fertilizer application). These findings suggest that efficient seedling production of J. scopulorum management should focus primarily on light shading and moderate irrigation under biochar and higher fertilizer application. The research contributes valuable insights toward optimizing management practices and reducing costs associated with J. scopulorum seedling production in the region.
Keywords: biochar, fertilizer, irrigation, Juniperus scopulorum, shading
The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission in Indonesia
Authors: Lismiyah Efi , Marselina Marselina , Taher Arvinia Ratih , Gunarto Toto , Aida Neli
Published: May 2024

Energy as one part of the source of energy has a very important role as a pioneer of economic development in the activities of creation, distribution, and consumption. This research aims to identify the causes between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia. The type of research used is a quantitative research type which is analyzed using multivariate. The research results show that there is a relationship that is strong and 2-way proves that there is an increase in energy consumption which causes an increase in carbon dioxide emissions or other words an increase in energy consumption so that there is an increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to   the large consumption of fossil fuels and thus an increase in carbon dioxide emissions will also be large considering that consuming fossil fuels can increase the increase in carbon dioxide emissions to a large extent. The research suggests the government needs to encourage energy efficiency through carrying out accelerated development of New Renewable Energy apart from that the government is starting to implement the use of environmentally friendly and renewable energy and improve public transportation facilities.