bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System biology approach to identify the novel biomarkers in glioblastoma multiforme tumors by using computational analysis
Authors: Alqahtani Safar M. , Altharawi Ali , Alabbas Alhumaidi , Ahmad Faisal , Ayaz Hassan , Nawaz Asia , Rahman Sidra , Alossaimi Manal A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), accounting for 45.2% of all cases. The characteristics of GBM, a highly aggressive brain tumor, include rapid cell division and a propensity for necrosis. Regretfully, the prognosis is extremely poor, with only 5.5% of patients surviving after diagnosis.

Methodology: To eradicate these kinds of complicated diseases, significant focus is placed on developing more effective drugs and pinpointing precise pharmacological targets. Finding appropriate biomarkers for drug discovery entails considering a variety of factors, including illness states, gene expression levels, and interactions between proteins. Using statistical techniques like p-values and false discovery rates, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as the first step in our research for identifying promising biomarkers in GBM. Of the 132 genes, 13 showed upregulation, and only 29 showed unique downregulation. No statistically significant changes in the expression of the remaining genes were observed.

Results: Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) had the greatest degree in the hub biomarker gene identification, followed by (periostin (POSTN) at 11 and Hes family BHLH transcription factor 5 (HES5) at 9. The significance of the identification of each hub biomarker gene in the initiation and advancement of glioblastoma multiforme was brought to light by the survival analysis. Many of these genes participate in signaling networks and function in extracellular areas, as demonstrated by the enrichment analysis.We also identified the transcription factors and kinases that control proteins in the proteinprotein interactions (PPIs) of the DEGs.

Discussion: We discovered drugs connected to every hub biomarker. It is an appealing therapeutic target for inhibiting MMP9 involved in GBM. Molecular docking investigations indicated that the chosen complexes (carmustine, lomustine, marimastat, and temozolomide) had high binding affinities of −6.3, −7.4, −7.7, and −8.7 kcal/mol, respectively, the mean root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value for the carmustine complex and marimastat complex was 4.2 Å and 4.9 Å, respectively, and the lomustine and temozolomide complex system showed an average RMSD of 1.2 Å and 1.6 Å, respectively. Additionally, high stability in root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis was observed with no structural conformational changes among the atomic molecules. Thus, these in silico investigations develop a new way for experimentalists to target lethal diseases in future.
Small pouches, but high nicotine doses—nicotine delivery and acute effects after use of tobacco-free nicotine pouches
Authors: Mallock-Ohnesorg Nadja , Rabenstein Andrea , Stoll Yvonne , Gertzen Marcus , Rieder Benedikt , Malke Sebastian , Burgmann Nestor , Laux Peter , Pieper Elke , Schulz Thomas , Franzen Klaas , Luch Andreas , Rüther Tobias
Published: May 2024

Tobacco-free nicotine pouches are new nicotine products for oral consumption. They can contain very high nicotine amounts that have not been addressed with clinical studies yet. Thus, nicotine delivery, effects on craving, and side effects were assessed using pouches with up to 30 mg nicotine. In this single-center, five-arm, crossover study, 15 regular cigarette smokers consumed tobacco-free nicotine pouches from different brands with 6, 20, and 30 mg for 20 min. Comparators were nicotine-free pouches and tobacco cigarettes. At baseline and predefined time points over a study period of 240 min, plasma nicotine concentrations, effects on cigarette craving, and side effects were assessed. Cardiovascular parameters including arterial stiffness were measured using a MobilOGraph. Consumption of 30 mg nicotine pouches has led to a higher nicotine uptake compared with the cigarette (Cmax: 29.4 vs 15.2 ng/mL; AUC: 45.7 vs 22.1 ng/mL × h). Nicotine uptake in the acute phase was rapid during use of the 30 mg pouch and cigarette. Extraction rate of nicotine differed between pouches. Use of all products has reduced acute cigarette craving, even the nicotine-free pouch. During consumption of the cigarette and the pouches with 20 and 30 mg, heart rate increased about 27, 12, and 25 bpm, respectively. Parameters for arterial stiffness were elevated and all pouches have induced mouth irritations. The pouches with 30 mg nicotine had overall the strongest side effects and may induce addiction. As craving was also reduced by products with less nicotine, it is questionable whether such high nicotine contents should be allowed on the market. A limit of nicotine content is warranted. The nicotine release rate varies across products and needs to be known to estimate the nicotine delivery.
Therapeutic potential of ginseng leaf extract in inhibiting mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in DNCB-treated mice
Authors: Oh Jung-Mi , Yoon HyunHo , Joo Jae-Yeol , Im Wan-Taek , Chun Sungkun
Published: May 2024

Ginseng leaves are known to contain high concentrations of bioactive compounds, such as ginsenosides, and have potential as a treatment for various conditions, including fungal infections, cancer, obesity, oxidative stress, and age-related diseases. This study assessed the impact of ginseng leaf extract (GLE) on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and atopic dermatitis (AD) in DNCB-treated mice. GLE reduced skin thickness and lymph node nodules and suppressed the expression and secretion of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines. It also significantly lowered the production of inflammatory response mediators including ROS, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GLE inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, P38, JNK) and the activation of NF-κB, which are both linked to inflammatory cytokine expression. We demonstrated that GLE’s inhibitory effect on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation is due to the blockade of the NF-κB and inflammasome pathways. Our findings suggest that GLE can be an effective therapeutic agent for mast-cell mediated and allergic inflammatory conditions.
Therapeutic effect of Periploca forrestii on collagen-induced arthritis in rats through JAK2/Nf-κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Li Yingchun , Wu Jian , Zhang Jihong , Chen Ning , Zhang Ning
Published: May 2024

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the body. Periploca forrestii was a miao ethnic drug in China that was used to treat arthritis for hundreds of years. But, the therapeutic mechanism is so far unknown. Therefore, the chemical component and effect of Periploca forrestii on arthritis in rats were studied using HPLC-QTOF MS, micro-CT, and other experiments in this paper.

Method

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to assess the in vivo activity. HPLC QTOF-MS was used to analyze the chemical profile of the P. forrestii (PF). Bovine type II collagen and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant were used to stimulate and construct the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Three dosages of PF (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) were used to evaluate in vivo activity. Methotrexate was used as the positive drug. H/E staining and micro-CT methods were used to monitor the pathological changes of CIA rats. ELISA method was used to assess the serum level of immune- and inflammation-related cytokines. Immunohistochemical experiments were used to test the gene expression in JAK and Nf-κB pathways.

Results

42 compounds were identified from PF. PF administration lowered the increased spleen index compared with that of control and MTX groups, and partially restored body weight, reduced paw swelling, and arthritis score compared with the model group. Macroscopic assessment indicated inflamed paw with significant swelling in the model group, while the extent of inflammation and swelling was attenuated by both MTX and PF. H/E staining experiments demonstrated that pathological changes of synovial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the model group. In contrast, the MTX and PF treatment partially reversed these pathological changes. Micro-CT examination showed severe injuries and scars caused by inflammation for the model group, and in the high-dosage group (400 mg/kg) the inflammation-caused injuries and scars were dramatically ameliorated. Mechanism study showed that PF restored Nf-κB phosphorylation and JAK2 expression compared with the model group.

Conclusion

P. forrestii possesses a potent effect on CIA rats. Nf-κB and JAK2 pathways are involved in its protective effect on CIA.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of canola carrying a single vs stacked resistance genes against clubroot
Authors: Wen Rui , Song Tao , Gossen Bruce D. , Peng Gary
Published: May 2024

Pyramiding resistance genes may expand the efficacy and scope of a canola variety against clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), a serious threat to canola production in western Canada. However, the mechanism(s) of multigenic resistance, especially the potential interaction among clubroot resistance (CR) genes, are not well understood. In this study, transcriptome was compared over three canola (Brassica napus L.) inbred/hybrid lines carrying a single CR gene in chromosome A03 (CRaM, Line 16) or A08 (Crr1rutb, Line 20), and both genes (CRaM+Crr1rutb, Line 15) inoculated with a field population (L-G2) of P. brassicae pathotype X, a new variant found in western Canada recently. The line16 was susceptible, while lines 15 and 20 were partially resistant. Functional annotation identified differential expression of genes (DEGs) involved in biosynthetic processes responsive to stress and regulation of cellular process; The Venn diagram showed that the partially resistant lines 15 and 20 shared 1,896 differentially expressed genes relative to the susceptible line 16, and many of these DEGs are involved in defense responses, activation of innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and programmed cell death. The transcription of genes involved in Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered and Effector-Triggered Immunity (PTI and ETI) was particularly up-regulated, and the transcription level was higher in line 15 (CRaM + Crr1rutb) than in line 20 (Crr1rutb only) for most of the DEGs. These results indicated that the partial resistance to the pathotype X was likely conferred by the CR gene Crr1rutb for both lines 15 and 20 that functioned via the activation of both PTI and ETI signaling pathways. Additionally, these two CR genes might have synergistic effects against the pathotype X, based on the higher transcription levels of defense-related DEGs expressed by inoculated line 15, highlighting the benefit of gene stacking for improved canola resistance as opposed to a single CR gene alone.
They can do it. Positive Authoritarianism in Poland and Hungary
Authors: Wagner Franziska , Enyedi Zsolt
Published: May 2024

It is often assumed that right-wing authoritarian and populist parties appeal primarily to negative feelings such as frustration, fear or alienation, and that positive sentiments appear in their discourse mostly in the form of nostalgia. Our hypothesis is that this description fails to apply to leaders in power. This article employs a mixed-methods approach, using a novel dataset of Viktor Orbán’s (Fidesz - Hungary) and Jarosław Kaczyński’s (PiS - Poland) speeches. After grouping positive sentences, a structural topic model identifies central topics, while the qualitative part describes and contextualizes the nature of the detected positive messages. Our analysis reveals that Orbán and Kaczyński incorporate various types of positive sentiments, such as optimism, pride, and efficacy, into their discourse. Contrary to popular belief, they dedicate considerable attention to discussing the future and utilize various rhetorical devices to convey positive messages. These messages are intrinsically interwoven with the leaders’ visions of past and future, offering insights into the underlying framework of their fundamentally conflict-centered and illiberal worldview. This study challenges the notion that right-wing authoritarian politics rely solely on “politics of fear”. Instead, it suggests that such leaders employ positive affective appeals as a form of emotional governance.
The roles of teacher and parental support on adolescent cyber-bystander behaviors: a path analysis
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Wu Qianru
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The role of bystanders in cyberbullying situations is critical, with the potential to significantly influence outcomes. Bystanders who demonstrate positive behaviors—such as reporting incidents or supporting victims—can help to mitigate the damaging effects of cyberbullying. Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, this study seeks to address the psychosocial mechanisms that underlie positive cyber-bystander behaviors.

Methods

A total of 1,716 students in Grades 8–12 from three secondary schools in China participated in this study. Path analysis was utilized to delineate the relationships between internet self-efficacy, empathy, teacher and parental support, and cyber-bystander behaviors.

Results

Adolescents who received greater support from teachers were more likely to demonstrate increased internet self-efficacy and empathy. In contrast, higher levels of parental warmth were associated with lower levels of internet self-efficacy. Teacher support and parental warmth exerted an indirect effect on positive bystander behaviors through empathy.

Discussion

The importance of parental warmth paired with Internet self-efficacy in preventing online interpersonal violence and motivate active bystander behaviors is considerable. We recommend adopting a nuanced approach that differentiates between empathy and internet self-efficacy in cyber-bystander research.
The efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological monotherapies and e-cigarette on smoking cessation: a systemic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Yajing , Xiang Sike , Qu Lang , Li Ying
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

Several pharmacological interventions, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion, have been approved for clinical use of smoking cessation. E-cigarettes (EC) are increasingly explored by many RCTs for their potentiality in smoking cessation. In addition, some RCTs are attempting to explore new drugs for smoking cessation, such as cytisine. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to investigate how these drugs and e-cigarettes compare regarding their efficacy and acceptability.

Materials and methods

This systematic review and NMA searched all clinical studies on smoking cessation using pharmacological monotherapies or e-cigarettes published from January 2011 to May 2022 using MEDLINE, COCHRANE Library, and PsychINFO databases. NRTs were divided into transdermal (TDN) and oronasal nicotine (ONN) by administrative routes, thus 7 network nodes were set up for direct and indirect comparison. Two different indicators measured the efficacy: prevalent and continuous smoking abstinence. The drop-out rates measured the acceptability.

Results

The final 40 clinical studies included in this study comprised 77 study cohorts and 25,889 participants. Varenicline is more effective intervention to assist in smoking cessation during 16–32 weeks follow-up, and is very likely to prompt dropout. Cytisine shows more effectiveness in continuous smoking cessation but may also lead to dropout. E-cigarettes and oronasal nicotine are more effective than no treatment in encouraging prevalent abstinence, but least likely to prompt dropout. Finally, transdermal nicotine delivery is more effective than no treatment in continuous abstinence, with neither significant effect on prevalent abstinence nor dropout rate.

Conclusion

This review suggested and agreed that Varenicline, Cytisine and transdermal nicotine delivery, as smoking cessation intervention, have advantages and disadvantages. However, we had to have reservations about e-cigarettes as a way to quit smoking in adolescents.
Effects of standardized mindfulness programs on burnout: a systematic review and original analysis from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shoker Dyna , Desmet Laura , Ledoux Nelly , Héron Anne
Published: May 2024

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic occupational stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism toward work, and a lack of personal accomplishment at work. Recent WHO guidelines on mental health suggest that mindfulness could have beneficial effects in a professional environment, but to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study that has made a large inventory of research focused specifically on the effects of standardized programs on burnout. Which professional populations have already been studied? What are the characteristics of the programs? Have studies shown a significant effect and on what indicator?

Objective

To assess the effects of standardized programs of mindfulness on burnout, we carried out a systematic review using an exhaustive inventory of the international literature based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

The articles were selected according to PRISMA recommendations. The Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, HAL databases were searched with the keywords “mindfulness,” “burnout,” and “randomized” in the title and abstract of each article. The data were all collected in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed in pivot tables, which were then presented in graphs and maps.

Results

A total of 49 RCTs were thus selected, the majority of which were of good methodological quality, of American origin (43% of studies), concerned professionals in the health sector (64% of participants included), and mostly women (76%). The RCTs assessed the effects of 31 different mindfulness programs, mostly with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (78% of RCTs). More than two-thirds of RCTs (67%) showed a significant beneficial effect on burnout measurement indicators, with emotional exhaustion being the most impacted component.

Conclusion

This systematic review shows that mindfulness-based interventions could be approaches of choice to prevent emotional distress of burnout. Further studies are still needed to determine which type of program is best suited to impact the two other components of burnout.
True inclusion: evaluation protocol for an approach to increase meaningful participation of children with disability in athletics
Authors: Haynes Abby , Pearce Simone , Kirby Kate , Moritz Dominique , West Kerry , Green Suzy , McCoombes Christine , Sherrington Catherine
Published: May 2024

Children with disability face many barriers to participating in community sports. Little Athletics Australia aims to increase fair and meaningful inclusion via a new structure which will enable all children to take part in the same contest by competing for their ‘personal best’ score. Named the True Inclusion Method (TIM), this new structure will be piloted in 13 sites across six states. Formative evaluation of this pilot will critique TIM and its implementation using observations of events, and interviews and surveys with child athletes with and without disability, their parents/carers and Little Athletics volunteers. Implementation outcomes are acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, feasibility and fidelity. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. TIM is designed to encourage inclusive participation by children with disability in sporting events, and to improve the competitive experience for all children by celebrating personal achievement and fostering fun.
Bioactive composition and anti-hyperglycemic properties of biofortified yellow maize-based gluten-free cookies
Authors: Abdulrazaaq Khadijat Oluwashola , Imam Yunus Temitayo , Irondi Emmanuel Anyachukwu , Ajani Emmanuel Oladipo
Published: May 2024

The use of gluten-free ingredients in the baking of cookies is increasing due to gluten-associated disorder and other nutritional-related non-communicable diseases, and consumer's pursuit for health-promoting foods. In this study, gluten-free cookies (GFC) were made from biofortified yellow maize supplemented with sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (SCMC), a reference hydrocolloid, and Brachystegia eurycoma flour (BEF) at four different proportions (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%), respectively. The GFC were then assessed for their bioactive components (flavonoids, tannins, and saponins), carotenoids, starch-hydrolyzing enzymes (alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase), and glycemic index. Cookies made from commercial wheat flour (100% CWF) served as control. The total flavonoid contents of the 100% BYF cookies (144.48 ± 0.18 mg/g) and saponins (1.04 ± 0.00 mg/g) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the 100% CWF cookies (93.84 ± 0.36 mg/g; 1.02 ± 0.00 mg/g). The total tannin contents of the cookies ranged from 3.12 ± 0.00 mg/g (100% CWF) to 4.87 ± 0.00 mg/g (2.5%BEF-97.5% BYF). The carotenoid profiles indicated the presence of lutein (range from 0.62 to 1.63 μg/g), β-carotene (range from 3.81 to 6.06 μg/g), β-cryptoxanthin (range from 0.19 to 1.75 μg/g) and zeaxanthin (range from 0.83 to 2.48 μg/g) in the cookies. Further, the GF cookies significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the alpha-amylase (IC50 value ranged from 1.42 ± 0.01 μg/mL (100% BYF) to 2.63 ± 0.01 μg/mL (100% CWF)) and alpha-glucosidase with IC50 value range from 1.12 ± 0.01 μg/mL (2.5%SCMC-97.5% BYF) to 6.72 ± 0.01 (7.5%BEF-92.5% BYF). The GF cookies showed a low glycemic index (GI) value (GI < 50). The biofortified yellow maize-based GFC have significant amounts of bioactive compounds and anti-hyperglycemic properties, and low GI. Hence, they can serve as functional baked food with potential health benefits.
Collective memories and social roles: the case of the Paris terrorist attacks of 13 November 2015
Authors: Orianne Jean-François , Heiden Serge , Klein-Peschanski Carine , Eustache Francis , Peschanski Denis
Published: May 2024

The present study was based on empirical data collected during the first phase (2016) of Study 1000, part of the 13-November Program: a corpus of 934 individual interviews conducted 6-11 months after the events. To process this empirical material, the authors used integrated TXM software, which provides several classic textometry tools. They mainly used the lexical specificity analysis tool, which statistically measures the irregularity of the word distribution according to the parts of the corpus. They also analyzed the concordances of certain very specific lexical forms. Analysis revealed the important influence of social roles on the construction of memories and narratives of this event. Application of textometry tools highlighted lexical fields specific to the different social roles played by the interviewees in this social drama, and showed that it was through these specific vocabularies that they remembered and recounted this extraordinary story. Social roles therefore influence the formation of memories both individual and collective, by modulating the way in which individuals select what to remember and what to forget. The article opens up several interesting avenues for future analyses, mainly a longitudinal perspective (including phases 2 and 3 of Study 1000) for the study of flashbulb memories and the gender issue to fine-tune the analysis of social roles.
Game-related statistics that discriminate winning from losing in NCAA Division-I men's basketball
Authors: Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Cabarkapa Damjana V. , Fry Andrew C.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in game-related statistics between winning and losing game outcomes and determine which performance parameters have the greatest impact in classifying winning from losing game outcomes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-I men's basketball level of competition. The data scraping technique was used to obtain publicly available data over a 2018–2019 season span. The total number of games examined was 5,147. Independent t-tests were used to examine statistically significant differences between winning and losing game outcomes, while a full model discriminant function analysis was used to determine the relative contribution of each game-related statistic and its ability to classify winning from losing game outcomes (p < 0.05). Alongside scoring a greater number of points at the end of the game, the findings of the present study indicate that winning teams: (a) attempted and made more field goals, three-point, and free-throw shots, (b) accumulated more defensive and total rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks, (c) had fewer turnovers and personal fouls, and (d) secured greater field goal, three-point, and free-throw shooting percentage. Moreover, the top three performance parameters discriminating winning from losing game outcomes were field goal percentage, defensive rebounds, and assists, accounting for 16.8%, 12.2%, and 12.0% of the total percentage of explained variance, respectively (i.e., 41.0% combined). Overall, these findings support the expected roles of offensive and defensive game-related statistics and provide further insight into how they work together to optimize the chances of securing the desired game outcome.
Study on the bacteriostasis of lemon essential oil and the application of lemon essential oil nanoemulsion on fresh-cut kiwifruit
Authors: Chen Chuan , Meng Fan-Bing , Lv Han-Jia , Gou Zhen-Zhen , Qiu Jing , Li Yun-Cheng
Published: May 2024

Fresh-cut fruit has been popularized for use by consumers in recent years, but its shelf life is very short. Plant essential oils have received attention for their bioactive properties, such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties, but their volatile nature limited their application in foods. In this study, the bacteriostasis of lemon essential oil (LEO) was verified, and LEO nanoemulsion was prepared to preserve fresh-cut kiwifruit. Compared with those of gram-negative bacteria, the inhibition zone diameters of LEO against gram-positive bacteria were significantly greater, measuring 12.20 ± 0.67 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 14.23 ± 0.61 mm (Listeria monocytogenes), compared to 9.50 ± 1.08 mm (Escherichia coli). At a concentration of 50 mg/mL, LEO exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates of 84.88 and 83.01%, respectively, which were comparable to those of 10 mg/L vitamin C (VC). Konjac glucomannan, whey protein and LEO were used to prepare nanoemulsion. When 2.0% LEO was added, the nanoemulsion exhibited great stability, which resulted in a decrease in particle size to 220.80 nm, a decrease in PDI to 0.238, and an increase in zeta potential to-27.83 mV. The stability of the nanoemulsion with added LEO was superior to that of the nanoemulsion without LEO on the 15th day. Preservation tests on fresh-cut kiwifruit demonstrated that, on the 8th day, compared with no treatment, nanoemulsion containing 2.0% LEO reduced the weight loss rate from 3.20 to 1.16%, increased the firmness from 20.459 to 38.23, and decreased the decay rate from 80.69 to 41.74% compared to untreated kiwifruit. It also effectively maintained the original color of fresh-cut kiwifruit and had positive effects on the soluble solid content, titratable acid content, VC content, and total colony count. LEO has great bacteriostatic and antioxidant activity, and the use of LEO nanoemulsions on fresh-cut kiwifruit can effectively maintain various indicators of fresh kiwifruit after a 8-day storage period.
The outcomes of microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia: insights from a single-center experience and technical advancements
Authors: Nurimanov Chingiz , Mammadinova Iroda , Menlibayeva Karashash , Kaliyev Assylbek , Makhambetov Yerbol , Akshulakov Serik
Published: May 2024

Background

Microvascular decompression (MVD) remains the primary surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia due to its positive postoperative results. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia who underwent MVD. Additionally, the paper offers a detailed explanation of the surgical methodology of MVD employed at the neurosurgical hospital in Kazakhstan.

Methods

The study involved 165 medical records of patients with trigeminal neuralgia who underwent MVD between 2018 and 2020. Out of these 165 patients, 90 (54.55%) were included in the final analysis and were further evaluated using the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score. Various variables were analyzed, including age, sex, affected side, dermatomes, offending vessel, and surgical intervention type. Moreover, the surgical technique employed at the hospital was described.

Results

The average follow-up period after the MVD procedure was 32.78 ± 9.91 months. The results indicated that out of the 90 patients, 80 (88.89%) achieved a good outcome as evidenced by BNI scores I and II. It was observed that patients with affected maxillary dermatomas and those with affected ophthalmic + maxillary dermatomas were more likely to experience fair + poor postsurgery BNI scores. On the other hand, patients with neurovascular conflicts involving the maxillary + mandibular dermatomas demonstrated good BNI scores (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The outcomes of MVD in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia showed good BNI scores within this study population. The outcome depended on the affected dermatome of the trigeminal nerve with the vessel. Additionally, patient positioning, intraoperative management including small skin incisions, minimal craniotomy, and precise closure of the dura, as well as intraoperative neurolysis, may contribute to achieving good clinical and satisfactory post-surgery aesthetic outcomes.
Development of a novel PCV2 and PCV3 vaccine using virus-like vesicles incorporating Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus-containing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein
Authors: Wang Ying , Su Min , Huang Yongshuang , Ren Jianle , Niu Sheng , Zhao Yujun , Yan Fang , Yan Yi , Tian Wen-xia
Published: May 2024

Porcine circovirus disease (PCV) causes substantial economic losses in the pig industry, primarily from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3). Novel vaccines are necessary to prevent and control PCV infections. PCV coat proteins are crucial for eliciting immunogenic proteins that induce the production of antibodies and immune responses. A vaccine platform utilizing Semliki Forest virus RNA replicons expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), was recently developed. This platform generates virus-like vesicles (VLVs) containing VSV-G exclusively, excluding other viral structural proteins. In our study, we developed a novel virus-like vesicle vaccine by constructing recombinant virus-like vesicles (rVLVs) that also express EGFP. These rVLVs were created using the RNA replicon of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEEV) and New Jersey serotype VSV-G. The rVLVs underwent characterization and safety evaluation in vitro. Subsequently, rVLVs expressing PCV2d-Cap and PCV3-Cap proteins were constructed. Immunization of C57 mice with these rVLVs led to a significant increase in anti-porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3 capsid protein antibodies in mouse serum. Additionally, a cellular immune response was induced, as evidenced by high production of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a novel porcine circovirus disease vaccine based on rVLVs.
Genetic heterogeneity of chicken anemia virus isolated in selected Egyptian provinces as a preliminary investigation
Authors: Abdel-Mawgod Sara , Zanaty Ali , Elhusseiny Mohamed , Said Dalia , Samir Abdelhafez , Elsayed Moataz M. , Mahana Osama , Said Mahmoud , Hussein Ahmed M. , Hassan Heba M. , Selim Abdullah , Shahien Momtaz A. , Selim Karim
Published: May 2024

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a widespread and economically significant pathogen in the poultry industry. In this study 110 samples were collected from various poultry farms in selected Egyptian provinces during 2021–2022 and were tested against CAV by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), revealing 22 positive samples with 20% incidence rate. Full sequence analysis of five selected CAV strains revealed genetic variations in VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Egyptian strains with reference viruses, mainly in group II, while vaccines like Del-Rose were categorized in group III. Recombination events were detected between an Egyptian strain (genotype II) and the Del-Rose vaccine strain (genotype III), indicating potential recombination between live vaccine strains and field isolates. To evaluate pathogenicity, one Egyptian isolate (F883-2022 CAV) and Del-Rose vaccine were tested in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) chicks. Chicks in the positive group displayed clinical symptoms, including weakness and stunted growth, with postmortem findings consistent with CAV infection. The vaccine group showed milder symptoms and less severe postmortem changes. This study provides important insights into the genetic diversity of CAV in selected Egyptian poultry farms showing recombination event between field strain and vaccine strains, highlighting the need for advanced vaccination programs, especially for broilers.
Performance and overview of clinically relevant areas of application of saliva testing in the cat
Authors: Schroers Maike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The cat represents an important model in order to investigate basic physiological knowledge of salivary secretion as well as pharmacokinetics of active substances.

Objective

The aim of the study was to review in which diagnostic application areas saliva testing is routinely used and in which areas it could be further explored in the future.

Materials and methods

Literature relevant to the research question was collected in March 2022 using the Pubmed database.

Results

The diagnosis of infectious diseases in cat saliva is one of the most important fields of application. Saliva diagnostics may also indicate dental diseases, allergies or kidney and other metabolic diseases. Sexual and stress hormones can also be measured in cat saliva. A number of clinically relevant allergens in cat saliva that may cause allergies in humans has been investigated and described, in addition to infectious agents that can be transmitted from cats to humans.

Conclusions

Saliva testing in cats can be useful in many areas, including the detection of infectious diseases, allergies and dental disease. However, it is far from being used to its full potential within veterinary medicine.
Case report: Equine metacarpophalangeal joint partial and full thickness defects treated with allogenic equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cell combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cell conditioned medium
Authors: Reis I. L. , Lopes B. , Sousa P. , Sousa A. C. , Rêma A. , Caseiro A. R. , Briote I. , Rocha A. M. , Pereira J. P. , Mendonça C. M. , Santos J. M. , Lamas L. , Atayde L. M. , Alvites R. D. , Maurício A. C.
Published: May 2024

Here, we describe a case of a 5-year-old show-jumping stallion presented with severe lameness, swelling, and pain on palpation of the left metacarpophalangeal joint (MCj). Diagnostic imaging revealed full and partial-thickness articular defects over the lateral condyle of the third metacarpus (MC3) and the dorsolateral aspect of the first phalanx (P1). After the lesion’s arthroscopic curettage, the patient was subjected to an innovative regenerative treatment consisting of two intra-articular injections of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eSM-MSCs) combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells conditioned medium (UC-MSC CM), 15 days apart. A 12-week rehabilitation program was accomplished, and lameness, pain, and joint effusion were remarkably reduced; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan presented incomplete healing of the MC3’s lesion, prompting a second round of treatment. Subsequently, the horse achieved clinical soundness and returned to a higher level of athletic performance, and imaging exams revealed the absence of lesions at P1, fulfillment of the osteochondral lesion, and cartilage-like tissue formation at MC3’s lesion site. The positive outcomes suggest the effectiveness of this combination for treating full and partial cartilage defects in horses. Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their bioactive factors compose a novel therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration and organ function restoration with anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative impact through paracrine mechanisms.
Fecal thyroid hormone metabolites in wild ungulates: a mini-review
Authors: Pasciu Valeria , Nieddu Maria , Sotgiu Francesca Daniela , Baralla Elena , Berlinguer Fiammetta
Published: May 2024

This review aims to analyse the fluctuations of fecal thyroid hormone metabolites (FTMs) related to environmental and individual variables in different species of wild ungulates and provide a collection of assay methods. The great advantage of fecal sampling is being completely non-invasive. A systemic search was conducted from 2019 to 2024, using data sources PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the World Wide Web, and ten studies were found on this topic. Three studies used the radioimmunoassay method for FTMs analysis, while the others used a less expensive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Most of these papers validated the method for the species-specific matrix. Related to the studied variables, some authors analysed FTM fluctuations only concerning individual variables, and others in response to both. Temperature and fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) were the most studied environmental and individual variables, respectively. Since FTMs are an integrative measure of plasma thyroid hormones, the information obtained from a non-invasive-assay method regarding wild ungulate physiology is becoming of great interest to the scientific community.
Multiobjective Path Problems and Algorithms in Telecommunication Network Design—Overview and Trends
Authors: Craveirinha José , Clímaco João , Girão-Silva Rita , Pascoal Marta
Published: May 2024

A major area of application of multiobjective path problems and resolution algorithms is telecommunication network routing design, taking into account the extremely rapid technological and service evolutions. The need for explicit consideration of heterogeneous Quality of Service metrics makes it advantageous for the development of routing models where various technical–economic aspects, often conflicting, should be tackled. Our work is focused on multiobjective path problem formulations and resolution methods and their applications to routing methods. We review basic concepts and present main formulations of multiobjective path problems, considering different types of objective functions. We outline the different types of resolution methods for these problems, including a classification and overview of relevant algorithms concerning different types of problems. Afterwards, we outline background concepts on routing models and present an overview of selected papers considered as representative of different types of applications of multiobjective path problem formulations and algorithms. A broad characterization of major types of path problems relevant in this context is shown regarding the overview of contributions in different technological and architectural network environments. Finally, we outline research trends in this area, in relation to recent technological evolutions in communication networks.
Quitters from Hospitality Industry: Misfit or Just Looking for Better Conditions?
Authors: Lopes Ana Sofia , Sargento Ana
Published: May 2024

After the COVID-19 crisis, a considerable contraction emerged in the labor supply of the hospitality industry. This investigation aims to identify some factors that justify the intention behind an ex-worker in tourism changing their occupation. In particular, we investigate if the change is motivated by skill mismatches or by a willingness to find more stable and rewarding jobs. Several datasets were combined to obtain multilevel information on all the unemployed from the hospitality industry between September 2022 and August 2023. A probit model was used to estimate the intention to change occupation, considering different personal, regional and occupational characteristics. Our results demonstrate that, for overqualified individuals, the intention to change occupation is motivated by trying to find better conditions and not by the mismatch per se. In contrast, the underqualified are significantly affected by the mismatch, which make them more vulnerable. Generally, movers are significantly influenced by the odds of having higher job stability and better wages (especially higher overtime premium) and are more frequently younger and higher educated individuals. Therefore, employers and policymakers should promote better wages, job stability, training, and career progression opportunities to reduce turnover in the hospitality industry.
Rigid–Flexible Coupling Dynamics Analysis of Coordination Arm and Application of a New Directional Subinterval Uncertainty Analysis Method
Authors: Gao Xuan , Chen Longmiao , Tang Jingsong
Published: May 2024

Cartridge delivery systems are commonly employed in aerospace engineering for the transportation of cylindrical projectiles. The coordination mechanism plays a pivotal role in ensuring reliable cartridge conveying, with its positioning accuracy being of utmost importance. However, accurately depicting the nonlinear relationship between input parameters and output response is challenging due to the involvement of numerous complex, uncertain factors during the movement process of the coordination mechanism. To address this issue, this study proposes a dynamics model that incorporates hinged gaps to represent rigid–flexible coupling within the coordination mechanism. Experimental validation confirms its effectiveness, while computational efficiency is enhanced through the utilization of a deep learning neural network surrogate model. Furthermore, an improved method for the uncertainty analysis of directional subintervals is introduced and applied to analyze uncertainty in coordination mechanisms, yielding results that demonstrate superior efficiency compared to other approaches.
Deep Learning for Multi-Source Data-Driven Crop Yield Prediction in Northeast China
Authors: Lu Jian , Li Jian , Fu Hongkun , Tang Xuhui , Liu Zhao , Chen Hui , Sun Yue , Ning Xiangyu
Published: May 2024

The accurate prediction of crop yields is crucial for enhancing agricultural efficiency and ensuring food security. This study assesses the performance of the CNN-LSTM-Attention model in predicting the yields of maize, rice, and soybeans in Northeast China and compares its effectiveness with traditional models such as RF, XGBoost, and CNN. Utilizing multi-source data from 2014 to 2020, which include vegetation indices, environmental variables, and photosynthetically active parameters, our research examines the model’s capacity to capture essential spatial and temporal variations. The CNN-LSTM-Attention model integrates Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, and an attention mechanism to effectively process complex datasets and manage non-linear relationships within agricultural data. Notably, the study explores the potential of using kNDVI for predicting yields of multiple crops, highlighting its effectiveness. Our findings demonstrate that advanced deep-learning models significantly enhance yield prediction accuracy over traditional methods. We advocate for the incorporation of sophisticated deep-learning technologies in agricultural practices, which can substantially improve yield prediction accuracy and food production strategies.
Optimisation of the Spraying Process of Strawberries under Varying Operational Conditions
Authors: Cieniawska Beata , Pentoś Katarzyna , Komarnicki Piotr , Mbah Jasper Tembeck , Samelski Maciej , Barć Marek
Published: May 2024

Effective spraying is essential for modern agricultural production, to ensure a high-quality and abundant harvest. Simultaneously, it is crucial to minimise the negative impact of crop protection products on the environment. To achieve this, it is necessary to implement the appropriate technical and technological parameters for the treatment and to consider the conditions under which the treatment is carried out. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the speed of the sprayer, the pressure of the liquid, and the type of nozzles, as well as air temperature and wind speed, in terms of the degree of coverage of the sprayed surfaces. The degree of coverage was analysed by spraying water-sensitive papers placed on the artificial plant, positioned to obtain horizontal and vertical surfaces. The study found that standard single flat fan nozzles provided greater coverage on upper horizontal surfaces, while standard nozzles were more effective for vertical transverse approach surfaces at lower fluid pressures and travel speeds. Neural networks were used to develop models of the relationships studied. Models with high accuracy for the validation data set were obtained in the case of the coverage of the vertical transverse leaving surface and the upper level surface (R = 0.93 and R = 0.86). These models were used to determine the optimum values of the technical parameters of the spraying process under the selected weather conditions. The maximum spray coverage (41.49%) was predicted for the XR nozzle under the following conditions: pressure = 200 kPa, driving speed = 1.4 m·s−1, temperature = 21.73 °C and wind speed = 0.32 m·s−1. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the neural models it was found that the greatest effect on the coverage of the vertical transverse leaving surface was observed for temperature and the coverage of the upper level surface was mostly influenced by driving speed.
Technological Upgrade of a Vicon RS-EDW Spreader: Development of a Microcontroller for Variable Rate Application
Authors: Serrano João , Amaral Alexandre , Shahidian Shakib , Silva José Marques da , Moral Francisco J. , Escribano Carlos
Published: May 2024

Over the last two decades, a considerable amount of equipment has been acquired (spreaders, seeders, sprayers, among others) to respond to the challenges of the precision agriculture (PA) concept. Most of this equipment has been purchased at a high cost. However, many of them, despite still being functional and equipped with sensors, actuators, and electronic processing units capable of adjusting to variations in speed, have become obsolete in terms of communication and incompatible with new monitoring and control systems based on the “Isobus” protocol. This work aims to present a solution for updating the control system (“Ferticontrol”) of a “Vicon RS-EDW” spreader with variable rate application (VRA), making it compatible with the “InCommand” system from “Ag Leader”. The solution includes serial protocol mediation using low-cost tools such as “Arduino” and “Raspberry Pi” microcontrollers and open-source software. The development shows that it is possible to implement a solution that is accessible to farmers in general. It also provides a niche business opportunity for young researchers to set up small technology-based enterprises associated with universities and research centers. These partnerships guarantee permanent innovation and represent a decisive step towards modern, technological, competitive, and sustainable agriculture.