bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planificación del hábitat, valorización inmueble y gentrificación en la Quebrada de Humahuaca. Estudio de caso en la localidad de Tilcara, Argentina
Authors: Braticevic Sergio Iván
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se presenta un análisis respecto de la planificación del hábitat social en la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Argentina); Patrimonio de la Humanidad (UNESCO) desde el año 2003. Como caso de muestra se describe la localidad de Tilcara, epicentro del espacio objeto gracias a su desarrollo turístico reciente, la creciente valorización inmobiliaria y el potencial riesgo socio-ambiental en áreas de nuevos emplazamientos. En efecto, las últimas transformaciones en relación al ordenamiento territorial se han visto atravesadas y retroalimentadas por estos tres procesos; donde se destaca una particular gentrificación de ámbitos rural-urbanos, con la consecuente movilidad de la población local hacia áreas periféricas y de mayor peligro geomorfológico. A partir de esta breve caracterización, el trabajo se propone analizar la situación actual del hábitat; donde se examina el programa más reciente en la materia, las cifras del turismo y la actividad económica local, además de una serie de precios inmobiliarios en dólares entre 2004 y 2018. Finalmente, se arriba a la conclusión de la necesidad de obras de infraestructura habitacional e hidráulica; al tiempo de una mayor diversificación productiva −ya que se exhibe una clara dependencia de la industria del turismo− así como una dinámica intervención estatal ante un escenario de crisis económica a partir de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Usuario y programa
Authors: Folga Bekavac Alejandro Román
Published: January 2022

Este artículo presenta el relato de una experiencia docente –llevada a cabo en un taller de proyectos

de primer año de la carrera de arquitectura– que consistió en el desarrollo de un ejercicio de diseño

de una casa para un grupo de convivencia. Para exponer dicha experiencia, en primer lugar, se presenta el marco conceptual del ejercicio. En segundo lugar, se explican las estrategias didácticas

aplicadas y el uso de diagramas de programación como herramienta proyectual. Finalmente, se

reflexiona sobre la importancia de otorgar un mayor protagonismo al estudiante durante las etapas iniciales del proceso de proyecto como forma de propender hacia su mayor autonomía.
Revisión de la implementación de un curso intensivo en la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Temuco
Authors: Morales Marileo Alvaro Lino Daniel , Cid Alejandra , Favre Carlos
Published: January 2022

Los cursos intensivos -o de verano, como también se les conoce- poseen una larga tradición en la educación superior y constituyen una modalidad formativa que se implementa en un periodo corto de tiempo, usualmente en modalidad exclusiva, generalmente en inter-semestres, otorgando nuevas oportunidades de aprendizaje y aumentando la eficiencia de utilización de tiempo, con el objetivo de lograr favorecer la progresión curricular de los estudiantes que han reprobado o no han cursado oportunamente una asignatura. El presente estudio da cuenta de la experiencia de implementación de 2 cursos intensivos en la carrera de Derecho de la UC Temuco en el marco del proyecto 1801: “Nuevas estrategias para la mejora de los resultados académicos de estudiantes con gratuidad en cursos disciplinarios críticos de los ciclos intermedio y terminal”. En este contexto, se revisa y presenta la experiencia de diseño, implementación y evaluación de los cursos intensivos, ponderando las percepciones de académicos, estudiantes y los resultados obtenidos, con el objeto de sistematizar académicamente las nuevas estrategias desarrolladas, propender a la institucionalización de los cambios y facilitar la reproducción de la experiencia en otras Universidades.
Medición remota de la velocidad lectora en estudiantes de derecho: Una contribución a la racionalización de la carga académica
Authors: López Masle Julián , Caballero Germain Guillermo , Carbonell Bellolio Flavia , Villarroel Oyarzún Tania
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo aporta datos objetivos sobre la medición de la velocidad lectora de estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho y de esa forma pretende contribuir a la racionalización de la distribución de la carga académica en el marco de un sistema de creditaje por asignatura. Para ello se realizó un estudio empírico de velocidad lectora con doscientos estudiantes, utilizando nuevas tecnologías, cuyos resultados, para la muestra correspondiente a la cohorte 2020, muestran un promedio de velocidad lectora de 177,91 palabras por minuto con una comprensión lectora ajustada de 64,38% y para las muestras de las cohortes superiores un promedio de velocidad lectora de 227,5 palabras por minuto con una comprensión lectora ajustada de 79,49%. De estos datos se puede afirmar que el 90% de la cohorte 2020 lee entre 108 y 265 palabras por minuto del texto analizado y que el mismo porcentaje de las cohortes superiores lee entre 109 y 391 palabras por minuto del otro texto analizado.
Educación legal clínica y servicios legales gratuitos a migrantes y refugiados en Colombia: Relato de una experiencia
Authors: Pelacani Gracy , Moreno Velásquez Carolina
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre los aportes de la educación legal clínica para lograr un mayor acceso a la justicia y garantía de los derechos de la población migrante y refugiada en Colombia, a partir de una experiencia concreta. Para ello, tras presentar un breve contexto, el texto ahonda en la forma como, desde el Consultorio Jurídico de la Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá, Colombia) y, luego, desde la Clínica Jurídica para Migrantes de la misma universidad, se ha respondido a la creciente necesidad de servicios legales gratuitos y especializados por parte de esta población. Para ello, el artículo reflexiona sobre los desafíos específicos que conlleva abogar por los derechos de las personas migrantes y refugiadas en el contexto colombiano. En particular, a partir de algunos casos acompañados por los estudiantes de la Clínica, el trabajo profundiza sobre los aprendizajes adquiridos y sobre los desafíos encontrados. El artículo concluye afirmando que, en este contexto, la educación legal clínica muestra su potencial pedagógico y social transformador, al tiempo que representa una ocasión de reflexión crítica sobre los límites del derecho y los conflictos éticos que subyacen a la profesión legal.
La algoritmización del trabajo en la Cuarta Revolución Industrial
Authors: Emerick Abaurre Helena , Macedo de Britto Pereira Ricardo José , Jannotti da Rocha Cláudio
Published: January 2022

En medio de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial y de la gig economy, los algo ritmos deciden quién trabajará, cuándo, cómo y por cuánto. La creación de perfiles, las funciones de gestión de recursos humanos, la recomendación de contenido y los siste mas de revisión son impulsados por la inteligencia artificial y los macrodatos, creando un ciberespacio laboral dirigido por un jefe algorítmico. En este contexto son dos las preguntas centrales de la investigación: ¿cuál es la interacción entre los algoritmos y el trabajo?, y ¿por qué medios es posible coordinar este proceso disruptivo? Se emplea la metodología cualitativa desde una perspectiva deductiva, plasmada en la investiga ción bibliográfica y documental. La hipótesis a probar es que la algoritmización laboral ocurre junto con la tendencia a la plataformización laboral, que se ve potenciada por la ciberización del medio ambiente de trabajo
Justicia‚ familia y cuidado: Apuntes normativos en políticas públicas
Authors: Baptista Vinicius Ferreira
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo analiza las cuestiones de género relacionadas con la familia y el cuidado desde perspectivas teóricas y contribuye con datos y propuestas de políticas públicas organizadas en los últimos años en Brasil. Discute los aportes críticos de Susan Moller y Christine Delphy y los contraargumentos de John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin y Nancy Fraser. Incorpora al debate las propuestas legislativas de la Cámara de Represen tantes. A modo de conclusión, se postula que las propuestas legislativas deben abarcar el cuidado y la familia en su dimensión de género, raza y clase, a través de mecanismos claros que refuercen una perspectiva social de justicia y desarrollo que apunten hacia sujetos de justicia y derechos humanos; al mismo tiempo que incidan en el potencial de los individuos
Negotiating Trade in Services with China from the Uruguayan Perspective
Authors: Bartesaghi Ignacio , Gari Gabriel , Melgar Natalia
Published: January 2022

We focus on trade in services, and we aim at assessing the concessions made by China when negotiating trade agreements. Additionally, we shed light on the opportunities that Uruguay may have in exporting services to China in case of signing a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The debate on this issue started in 2016 when Uruguayan President Vázquez visited China and with Chinese President Xi Jinping raised the possibility of signing a FTA. Since then, opposing arguments have been put forward. Unfortunately, the lack of bilateral information on trade in services is a limitation for this kind of studies. It is highlighted that there will be additional large gains which would emerge from trade in goods, cooperation or investments.
INTERVENCIONES REALIZADAS EN LOS CUIDADORES DE ADULTOS COM CONDICIONES CRÓNICAS EM EL CUIDADO DOMICILIARIO: REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA
Authors: De Mello Fernanda Eisenhardt , Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Coelho Camila Trindade
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar las intervenciones utilizadas en los cuidadores de adultos con condiciones crónicas asistidos por la atención domiciliaria. Metodología: En marzo de 2021, se encontraron 1.573 resultados en la base Web of Science, 633 resultados en la PubMed y 01 en la base LILACS. Se siguieron los seis pasos de la revisión integradora. Tras la lectura de los resúmenes y la aplicación de los criterios de exclusión, se seleccionaron 229 artículos para su lectura completa. Una vez más, se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, lo que dio como resultado 39 artículos, los cuales constituyeron el ámbito de análisis de este estudio. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés, español y portugués. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y análisis de contenido. Resultados: Las tres formas de intervención, tanto las psicoeducativas como las psicoterapéuticas o las psicosociales, tienen potencialidades en los resultados con los cuidadores. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas incrementan los conocimientos sobre la situación del paciente, preparando al cuidador para los cuidados, haciéndole sentirse seguro y confiado en sí mismo, mejorando los cuidados. Las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas contemplan las necesidades únicas del cuidador y minimizan la sobrecarga con acciones específicas. Las intervenciones psicosociales permiten el intercambio de conocimientos y posibilitan un mejor afrontamiento de los problemas, ya que aparecen como una red de apoyo para el cuidador. Conclusiones: este estudio permitió identificar las intervenciones y sus potencialidades para el cuidador familiar que necesita atención para mejorar su calidad de vida y proporcionar una atención eficaz.
DOS AÑOS DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE CUIDADOS INTEGRALES PARA PERSONAS CON ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE SALUD CHILENA
Authors: Parra-Giordano Denisse
Published: January 2022

A nivel mundial la condición de cronicidad sigue aumentando y es preciso los servicios de salud se replanteen las intervenciones actuales. En Chile desde de la implementación del Modelo de Salud Integral se ha promovido una atención centrada en el usuario, que actualmente viene a complementarse con la Estrategia de Cuidado Integral Centrado en las Personas para la Promoción, Prevención y Manejo de la Cronicidad en contexto de Multimorbilidad (ECICEP) que se constituye en una respuesta a la actual problemática de la atención de personas con condiciones crónicas. Sin embargo, debido a la pandemia este proceso se ha desarrollado en forma paulatina a nivel nacional conforme a cada realidad local. No obstante, esta táctica releva el rol de enfermería en su desarrollo, sin dar reconocimiento a la labor esencial que desempeña el profesional de enfermería en la entrega del cuidado de cada persona, familia y comunidad; lo cual se espera sea solucionado en el corto plazo.
La Ética Pública en México, Chile y Colombia. Un estudio de derecho comparado
Authors: Elizalde Castañeda Rodolfo Rafael , Sánchez Garduño Mayra
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar algunos de los documentos normativo-institucionales que regulan los valores éticos que identifican la conducta de los servidores públicos de México, Chile y Colombia, con el fin de conocer sus similitudes y diferencias, para lo cual utilizaremos el método comparado; desde luego, sin profundizar en éste con todo su rigor, dadas las características propias de este ensayo. Los tres países heredaron los valores de los padres del Contrato Social, sin embargo, estos han sido histórica, política, social y culturalmente cuestionados por muchos motivos, en especial, por la enorme infuencia de la doctrina neoliberal.
Mobilusis telefonas, raštas ir atmintis
Authors: Jonkus Dalius
Published: January 2022

Even though cultural actions are creative, they are not established ex nihilo. They are based on previous actions, their passive or active memory, and extension. Memory is impossible without forgetting. To remember, we have to choose what matters and what does not. The mechanism of memory is based on forgetfulness, which does not deny memory as such, but in a sense makes it passive. Passive memory (forgetfulness) can be transformed into active memory through the actions of actualization and reactivation. Writing is a form of passive memory that can be activated by intelligent reading. The aim of the article is to discuss the phenomenon of the mobile phone as an example of socio-cultural writing and to raise the question of the relationship between writing and memory. Based on the concepts of writing developed by the Italian philosopher Mauricio Ferraris, Derrida, and Husserl, I argue that writing is a model of cultural sedimentation and memory.
Hanso Jonaso atsakingos politikos vizija technologinėje civilizacijoje
Authors: Jokubaitis Linas
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is to reconstruct Hans Jonas’ vision of ethics for the technological civilization and to highlight the challenges that are faced in the attempt to provide an ontological grounding for such ethics. The attempt to develop the ethics of responsibility is inseparable from the affirmation of paternalistic political positions, which leads towards apologetics of total governmental control. In the face of dangers created by modern technology, Jonas argues that attempts to safeguard the existence of humanity are best served by a government that controls all aspects of life. Jonas maintains that in the face of various dangers created by modern technologies, a relationship with them, which is based on fear, becomes pragmatic and rational. A positive evaluation of fear leads towards reactionary political tendencies. Philosopher’s imperative is based on the duty to protect „genuine” human life, however, his vision of total technocratic government could lead to an absolute dehumanization of humanity. It is therefore concluded that Jonas‘ vision of ethics is incompatible with the political ethics of liberal democracy.
Kūniškos mediacijos: biomedijos šiuolaikinėje kontrolės visuomenėje
Authors: Petrina Denis
Published: January 2022

The aim of this article is to present, discuss and critically reflect the emerging in media studies notion of biomedia, which refutes the alleged dichotomy between technology and the body. In the broadest sense, biomedia can be construed as a particular way of mediation whereby the media directly affect and transform the biological dimension of the body and vice versa. The article opens with the discussion of the context in which biomedia emerge – the societies of control (G. Deleuze). In the this first part, the genesis of the concept of biomedia is discussed, as well as two conceptual paradigms – epistemological (E. Thacker’s “dark media”) and ethical (M. Fuller, A. Goffey’s “gray media”) are presented. In the second part, the nexus between biomedia and the cyberbiopolitical regime is highlighted, as well as a peculiar form of biopower, functioning through biomedia – neuropower (W. Neidich) is presented. Ultimately, two potential resistance lines (negative and critical) are examined.
ASSESSMENT OF CANCER TARGETING POTENTIAL OF DOXORUBICIN CONJUGATED WITH SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors: Beldar V. K. , Uttekar P. S. , Patil A. R , Sable P. N. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, PES’s Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector no. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune - 411 044, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Our main aim in the present investigation was to assess the cancer targeting potential of doxorubicin conjugated with folic acid (FA), ethylene di-amine (EDA) and surface F- MWCNTs (FA-EDA-MWCNTs- DOX) conjugate employing on MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line) for efficient tumor targeting. We developed a highly effective novel targeted drug delivery based on DOX-conjugated with the surface of F-MWCNTs by using nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism and evaluated in facile strategy for cancer treatment. The in vitro drug release study shows that the percentage of drug release under an acidic condition pH-5.4 is higher than that under normal physiological conditions. The FA-EDAMWCNTs- DOX nano-conjugate affords higher efficacy in tumor growth suppression due to its stealth nature and most preferentially taken up by cultured MCF-7 cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements clearly confirmed the functionalization & conjugation steps. The results concluded that developed watersoluble nano-conjugate might emerge as “safe and effective” nano-medicine in cancer treatment by minimizing the side effects with generally regarded as a safe prominence.
NOVEL ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF BROMOFENAC SODIUM IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY DERIVATIVE AND AUC SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD
Authors: Raghu S , Muneer. S. , Chandra sekhar K.B. , Siva Sai kiran B. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JNTUA - Oil Technological and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Ananthapuramu - 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

The present study was carried out to develop a simple and reliable derivative spectrophotometric method for the determination of bromofenac sodium in pharmaceutical dosage forms .The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in distilled water The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out with zero order derivative (method A) values measured at 268 nm and first order (method B) derivative values measured at 258 nm , and two wavelengths 262nm and 274nm were selected for the determination AUC (method C) of integrated areas. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination, were linear within the concentration range of 2-12 μg/mL (r2 = 0.999) for zero order and (r2 = 0.997) first order derivative spectrophotometric method. No significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations and is suitable for the routine quality control application of bromofenac sodium in its pharmaceutical formulations.
DOSE DEPENDENT ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MENTHA ARVENSIS LEAVES IN TRITON AND HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET INDUCED RATS
Authors: Ugare S , Tarnalli A. D. , Khatib N. A. ,   Pharmacology Department, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi - 590 010, Karnataka, India
Published: January 2022

A study was undertaken to evaluate antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mentha arvensis in Triton and high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic male albino Wstar rats. Acute hyperlipidemia was induced by administration of Triton WR-1339 (100 mg / kg i.v.) to the male albino Wstar rats. In chronic models; the animals were fed with high cholesterol diet for a period of 10 days. EEMA leaves at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight were administered at a single dose per day to the hyperlipidemic induced rats for a period of 14 days. In hyperlipidemic rats there is significant increase in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL level and significant decrease in HDL level, but after post treatment with EEMA, there was a significant decrease in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and increase in HDL level. Post treatment with EEMA leaves lowered levels of total protein and triglycerides.
AMORPHOUS SOLID DISPERSIONS OF PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE USING CREMOPHOR RH 40 AND POLOXAMER 188: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION
Authors: Swain R. P , Subudhi B. B ,   Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
Published: January 2022

The study was aimed to improve dissolution and bioavailability of developed stable amorphous solid dispersions (SDs) of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGH), a poorly water soluble drug. TGA showed compatibility with the polymers. The significant change in melting pattern of the PGH observed in the DSC thermograms supported by XRD patterns and SEM indicated change from crystalline to amorphous state. Prevention of recrystallization during storage suggested stability of formulation. Cremophor RH 40 based SD (solvent method) remarkably increased the dissolution within 15 min and was supported by dissolution parameters (Q15, IDR, RDR, % DE, f1, f2). In vivo test showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher AUC0-t and Cmax, which were about 4.46 and 4.84 times that of pure drug, respectively. Cremophor RH 40 was found to be a suitable carrier for SM for preparation of SDs of PH as evident from increased dissolution and bioavailability.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF NAPROXEN ESTER PRODRUGS
Authors: Dhokchawle B. V. , Asirvatham S. , Tauro S. J. , Bhandari B. A. , Babu S. S. , Shetty R. R ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar - 401 404, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

The present works deals with simple and efficient method of improving therapeutic efficacy of naproxen by retarding gastrointestinal side effects through masking of carboxylic group chemically. This is achieved by synthesis of ester prodrugs of naproxen with various naturally available antioxidants; menthol, thymol, eugenol, guiacol, vanillin and sesamol by the dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) coupling method. The title compounds are purified and characterized by spectral data. Further, their partition coefficients have been determined and hydrolytic studies have been performed. The synthesized compounds are more lipophilic compared to the parent moieties and are stable in acidic environment, which is a prerequisite for their oral absorption. Under gastric as well as intestinal pH conditions, these prodrugs showed variable susceptibility towards hydrolysis. The title compounds when evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities showed improvement over the parent drug. Prodrugs were also found to be significantly less ulcerogenic then parent drugs.
2019 – TIME FOR INNOVATIONS THROUGH COLLABORATIONS
Authors:   Editor, Indian Drugs, Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: January 2022

At very outset, I wish all our readers and pharmaceutical scientists a very Happy New Year. 2019 is dawning on the Indian research community in general and all pharmaceutical research professionals in particular. The Prime Minister has come up with “JAI VIGYAN” and “JAI ANUSANDHAN” in support of scientific research. This strengthens the call under Article 51A of Fundamental duties under the Constitution of India for developing a Scientific Temper… and the spirit of enquiry.
A NEW STRESS INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ERTUGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN IN BULK AND ITS TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   Research & Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Kakinada - 533 003, Andhra Pradesh India, D. China Babu , Chetty C. Madhusudhana , Mastanamma Sk.
Published: January 2022

A simple, accurate, precise and robust reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of Ertugliflozin (ETZ) and metformin (MFN) in bulk and in tablet dosage form. The method was carried out by used Waters (5μm, C18 250 x 4.6 mm) column with mobile phase consists of 0.75 mM sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer pH adjusted to 8.5, with NaOH, and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v, a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and photodiode detection at 263 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines with different parameters, the mean retention times of ertugliflozin and metformin were found to be 3.5& 2.0 min, respectively. The correlation coefficient values of calibration curves were found to be 0.999 for both ETZ and MFN, respectively. The LOD and LOQ for ertugliflozin and metformin were found to be 0.02-0.06 μg/mL and 17.5-58.3 μg/mL respectively.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OF GYMNEMIC ACID IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Karale S. , Kulkarni V. H. , Aswathanarayana B. J. ,   Department of Pharmacology, SET’s College of Pharmacy, Dharwad. SET’s College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad- 580002, India
Published: January 2022

The present study was aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of gymnemic acid (GA) in Wistar rats. The different doses of GA were tested for their anti-inflammatory in carrageenaninduced rat paw oedema animal model by using buzzer assisted plethysmograph and antinociceptive activities by tail immersion screening model in organ bath, respectively. It was found that GA at the dose of 100 and 150 mg/kg, p.o, significantly (P<0.01) inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and significantly (P<0.01) suppressed the threshold pain of rat by tail immersion method. GA showed significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities at 2nd and 3rd hr. Further, to know the possible mode of action, we evaluated the effect of GA on castor oil-induced diarrhea. The frequency of stool formation was reduced due to GA in castor oil-induced diarrhea, perhaps due to suppression of prostaglandin, suggesting anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The current findings demonstrate that the administration of GA at the dose of 100 and 150 mg/kg, by oral route produced significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in Wistar rats.
VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF DEGRADATION BEHAVIOUR OF VALSARTAN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN TABLET FORMULATION
Authors: Kalyankar Tukaram M. , Dange Shital S. , Hambarde Shivraj B. , Wadher Shailesh J. , Shete Shivkumar K. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, S. R. T. M. University, Nanded - 431 605, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

A simple, accurate and precise UV spectrometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage form. Spectra of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in methanol and water (50:50 V/V) show λ max at 250.0 nm and 271.4 nm, respectively. Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide are subjected to various stress conditions like acid, alkali, thermal and photolytic degradation. Beer’s law was obeyed in concentration range of 4- 24 µg mL-1 for valsartan and 0.5-3 µg mL-1 for hydrochlorothiazide at their respective wavelengths. The proposed method was successfully applied to tablet dosage form for determination of both drugs. The percentage recovery of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide were found to be 100.19 % and 99.51 %, respectively. A novel accurate and precise stability indicating spectroscopic method has been developed for estimation of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA ROOT ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST CCL4 INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Bagali Rajkumar S. , Jalalpure Sunil S. , Shinde Sachin D. , Pawar Ganesh R. , Sanap Gajanan S. , Patil Shitalkumar S. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Sarojini College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur – 416 013, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Plant derived herbal formulations and remedies provide an effective means for the treatment of various types of disease that are dogmatic and incurable in other types of systems of medicines, but it is essential to explore and establish the scientific basis for therapeutic action of herbal plant medicines. Bauhinia variegata root ethanolic extract was studied for the hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats. For estimation of hepatoprotective role of B. variegata, total bilirubin count, serum enzymes level and finally histopathological study of liver were performed. This extract’s DPPH radical scavenging potential was also studied. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root administered orally to animal showed significant depletion in CCL4 induced increased level of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin concentration. Significantly (p<0.05), hepatotoxicity is reversed by treatment with Liv 52 syrup also. For initiation of biochemical analysis, the histopathological studies are provided supportive evidence. This extract also showed better activity in quenching DPPH radical. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root shows antioxidant property by preventing the formation of trichloromethyl peroxy radicals, and thus reduce tissue damage, which is examined and confirmed by the histopathological studies. Therefore, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of B. variegata root may be due to its antioxidant potential. Previously studies have reported that plants containing flavonoids possess antioxidant properties. The antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the test plant may be attributed to the presence flavonoids. B. variegata root ethanolic extract is shown to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant action.
Our Experience in Treating a Rare Clinical Case Angiomyomatous Hamartomas of Head and Neck Region; Case Report
Authors: Gagik Hakobyan
Published: January 2022

Angiomyomatous hamartoma of head and neck region is very are disease, of unknown etiology and more often than not it can be misdiagnosed preoperatively. Materials and Methods: In a study we present a case of angiomyomatous hamartoma in the carotid triangle, a site where a tumor has an invasion to external carotid artery, treatment carried out by surgical excision, after histological examination, the final diagnosis was made. The patient was under observation for 3 years, there were no relapses. Conclusion: The diagnosis of angiomyomatous hamartoma is based on histologic examination. Although this entity is rare, we believe that head and neck surgeons should include it in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses.
BDNF Levels Significantly Lower in Mothers of Autistic Individuals
Authors: Russo AJ
Published: January 2022

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a growth factor linked depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. We used immune arrays to quantitate levels of BDNF in the plasma of mothers of autistic children and neurotypical controls. We found that BDNF levels significantly lower in mothers of autistic individuals compared to controls. This data suggests that mothers of individuals with autism have decreased BDNF levels which may be associated with the etiology of autism in their children.
Pressure Drop Determination for Multiphase Flow in a Vertical Well Tubing
Authors: Akintola Sarah A
Published: January 2022

Several studies have been carried out, by researchers to predict multiphase flow pressure drop in the oil and gas industry, but yet there seems to be one being generally acceptable for accurate prediction of pressure drop. This is as a result of some constraints in each of these models, which makes the pressure drop predicted by the model far from accurate when compared to measured data from the field. This study is aimed at developing a multiphase fluid flow model in a vertical tubing using the Duns and Ros flow model. Data from six wells were utilized in this study and results obtained from the Modified model compared with that of Duns and Ros model along other models. From the result, it was observed that the newly developed model (Modified Duns and Ros Model) gives more accurate result with a R-squared value of 0.9936 over the other models. The Modified model however, is limited by the choice of correlations used in the computation of fluid properties.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS ORIUNDO DO BAGAÇO DE MALTE
Authors: Tschoeke I. C. P. , Chinelate G. C. B. , Silva J. P. , Souza T. P. C.
Published: January 2022

As cervejas artesanais estão ganhando a cada dia mais espaço no mercado. O seu processo produtivo é dividido em várias etapas. A primeira fase é o processo de brassagem. Nessa etapa ocorre a maior geração de resíduos na forma de bagaço de malte. Uma das formas de aproveitamento desse resíduo pode ser na utilização do mesmo para a produção de biogás. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo utilizando o resíduo de malte oriundo do processo de produção de cervejas artesanais a fim de se produzir biogás, além de se obter caracterização do bagaço. Para o experimento foi utilizado um biodigestor de bancada de 2L construído em vidro, dotado de dreno e de três inserts laterais para coleta de amostras e instrumentado com sensores de pressão, temperatura e de concentração de metano. Como inóculo, foi utilizado um lodo granular anaeróbio e como substrato o resíduo de malte. Cada monitoramento (in-line) ocorreu entre 7 e 15 dias com os dados sendo coletados automaticamente pelo software. As amostras utilizadas nos experimentos, resíduo de malte (substrato) e o lodo anaeróbico (inóculo), foram caracterizadas através das análises de teor de sólidos voláteis (SV), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), condutividade elétrica e análise elementar (Carbono, nitrogênio, enxofre e hidrogênio). As análises laboratoriais e os resultados obtidos pelo sistema mostraram que o bagaço de malte apresenta um bom potencial energético para geração de biogás.
POTENCIAL DE GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NO BRASIL ATRAVÉS DA DIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA DE DEJETOS DA AVILCULTURA
Authors: Batista F. F. , Marques V. C. A. , Santos A. F. M. S.
Published: January 2022

A avicultura é uma das atividades da agroindústria brasileira que mais cresceram nos últimos 10 anos. Impulsionada pelos mercados emergentes internacionais e pelo aumento do consumo interno, este setor apresenta folga para crescimento com impactos significativos no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) nacional. Entretanto, o aumento da produção avícola também traz como consequências diversos impactos ambientais associados a atividade, dentre eles o crescimento da geração de resíduos (dejetos). Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou realizar uma estimativa do potencial de geração de energia elétrica teórico utilizando dados dos rebanhos nacionais nos anos de 2018-2020, avaliando a geração de resíduos avícolas médio e o potencial de geração de energia elétrica, através do uso de processos de biodigestão anaeróbios para produção de biogás, metano e sua conversão em calor/energia elétrica. Foram utilizados dados dos rebanhos avícolas nacionais no período para o cálculo teórico da geração de resíduos e de sua conversão energética para biogás e energia elétrica. Também foram comparados os resultados à matriz elétrica nacional do mesmo período para avaliar o potencial de contribuição teórico do setor. Os cálculos indicaram um potencial de geração de energia de 3,2 Kwh/ave.ano e potencial total médio de geração em torno de 4,70 Twh/ano, representando uma contribuição de cerca de 0,73% na matriz elétrica nacional. A ideia do trabalho é chamar atenção para os potenciais de contribuição do setor avícola à matriz energética nacional, promovendo a valorização desses resíduos, com vantagens do uso em várias escalas e ganhos econômicos e ambientais para o ciclo produtivo do setor.
PESQUISA DE COLIFORMES TOTAIS E TERMOTOLERANTES EM QUEIJOS DE COALHO COMERCIALIZADOS NA FEIRA LIVRE DE BATALHA - AL
Authors: Benoso P. , Silva D. L. , Lima C. M. G. , Santana R. F. , Rocha R. A.
Published: January 2022

Em diversas regiões do Brasil é muito comum a fabricação e comercialização de queijos frescos produzidos a partir de leite cru e de forma predominantemente manual. No estado de Alagoas, o queijo de coalho se destaca como um dos derivados lácteos de maior importância econômica e social, produzido vastamente por pequenos e médios produtores rurais. Apesar do expressivo consumo, seu processo de fabricação e comercialização muitas vezes é realizado sob condições rudimentares e inadequadas, podendo resultar em elevada contaminação microbiana, colocando em risco a saúde do consumidor devido às doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou avaliar as condições de comercialização, características macroscópicas e a qualidade microbiológica de dez amostras de queijos de coalho comercializados na feira livre da cidade de Batalha – AL, por meio da análise de coliformes totais e termotolerantes. As condições de comercialização foram verificadas por meio de visitas técnicas e preenchimento de formulários e as características macroscópicas por observação direta das amostras. As amostras foram coletadas segundo metodologia prevista pela ANVISA. O estudo demonstrou que 100 % das amostras avaliadas apresentaram condições inadequadas de embalagem, temperatura e comercialização. Além disso, 70 % das amostras apresentaram contagem de coliformes termotolerantes acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação e elevadas contagens de coliformes totais, quando comparado a outros estudos. Os resultados obtidos destacam a importância de ações de vigilância sanitária, assim como medidas educativas para os produtores e manipuladores, evitando a ocorrência de surtos de doenças de origem alimentar e assegurando a saúde do consumidor.
QUAL TIPO DE LEITE VOCÊ CONSOME? UMA MINI-REVISÃO SOBRE AS FRAUDES EM LEITE E OS MÉTODOS DE DETECÇÃO
Authors: Bernardo D. B. F. , Gouveia M. L. L. , Santos W. W. V. , Silva W. S. M. , Chinelate G. C. B.
Published: January 2022

O leite é um alimento amplamente consumido no Brasil e no mundo. No entanto, dependendo da forma que é comercializado, a prática de adulterar ou fraudar torna-se bastante comum. Porém, tais práticas são consideradas criminosas, pois tendem a enganar os consumidores além de pôr em risco a saúde dos mesmos. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma mini-revisão acerca das fraudes realizadas no leite in natura e apresentar os métodos utilizados para a sua detecção. Os principais tipos de fraudes encontrados na literatura para adulteração do leite foram: adição de água, utilização de reconstituintes de densidade, neutralizantes de acidez, adição de substâncias conservantes e adição de soro de leite. De modo geral, as fraudes são praticadas com intuito de reduzir perdas e aumentar lucratividade, e possuem objetivos específicos como: aumento do volume do leite comercializado, esconder as alterações decorrentes da ação microbiana através da mudança de densidade e modificação da acidez. Existem diversos métodos simples e de baixo custo que podem ser utilizados para verificar a presença de substâncias adicionadas intencionalmente no leite, como a análise de crioscopia, pH, acidez em graus Dornic, densidade, utilização da solução lugol, método do ácido rosólico e fenolftaleína. Portanto, o monitoramento da qualidade do leite é de suma importância para garantir a comercialização de produtos seguros. Uma vez que, com a evolução da ciência e tecnologia novos métodos foram incorporados nos laboratórios, trazendo resultados mais precisos, rápidos e com pouca utilização de reagentes.
Medieval Authorship and Canonicity in the Digital Age – an Introduction
Authors: Deploige Jeroen , De Gussem Jeroen
Published: January 2022

Jeroen Deploige and Jeroen De Gussem introduce Cluster 2 of Interfaces 8, on the topic of Medieval Authorship and Canonicity in the Digital Age.
Structural design and construction of an office building with laminated bamboo lumber
Authors:   Nanjing Technical Vocational College, Su Jingwen , Li Haitao ,   Joint International Research Laboratory of Bio-composite Building Materials and Structures, Nanjing Forestry University,   College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Xiong Zhenhua ,   Ganzhou Sentai bamboo company LTD,   Joint International Research Laboratory of Bio-composite Building Materials and Structures, Nanjing Forestry University, Lorenzo Rodolfo ,   University College London
Published: January 2022

With so many advantages such as environmental friendliness, fast-growing, high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainability, and the capability of being reused or recycled, bamboo structures has gained more and more attention for scientists. This paper shows the feasibility of the design of an office building using laminated bamboo lumbers in compliance with the Chinese standards as GB50009-2012, GB50011-2010, GB50016-2014, and GB 50005-2017. Detailed information about the materials and building were offered. A lot of related construction photos were offered to show the building process. This case is a very good application example for laminated bamboo lumber buildings and has attracted many engineers’ attention in industrial field. Laminated bamboo lumber structures should have a bright future. It should become one main structure form in civil engineering area. However, due to none existing engineered bamboo structures design standard now, engineers have to take reference to standards for timber structures. Setting up the standard system is very important for engineered bamboo structures’ application. Through more and more scientists’ hard working, it might be not a long way to build the code system.
Ftalan bis(2-etyloheksylu). Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Authors: Stragierowicz Joanna
Published: January 2022

Ftalan bis(2-etyloheksylu) (DEHP) był powszechnie stosowany w przeszłości, głównie jako plastyfikator. Narażenie zawodowe na DEHP występuje w czasie jego produkcji oraz stosowania, zaś narażenie środowiskowe jest związane z produktami zawierającymi ten związek oraz ze spożywaniem zanieczyszczonej żywności lub wody. Unia Europejska wprowadziła zakaz obrotu produktów zawierających DEHP w stężeniu ≥0,1%. Wchłanianie tego flatalanu może zachodzić drogą pokarmową i inhalacyjną, przechodzi on również przez barierę łożyskową oraz do mleka matki. Dane epidemiologiczne wskazują na związek między narażeniem na DEHP (zarówno zawodowym, jak i środowiskowym) a funkcjonowaniem męskiego układu rozrodczego. Nie wykazano bezpośredniej zależności między narażeniem na DEHP a bezpłodnością. W badaniach na zwierzętach za najczulszy skutek toksyczności przewlekłej tego związku uznano zaburzenia spermatogenezy u szczurów. Jako podstawę do zaproponowania wartości NDS dla ftalanu bis(2-etyloheksylu) przyjęto toksyczne działanie na męski układ rozrodczy obserwowane u szczura (NOAEL = 5,8 mg/kg mc./dzień). Proponuje się przyjęcie wartości NDS dla ftalanu bis(2-etyloheksylu) na poziomie 0,8 mg/m3 . Brak jest podstaw do ustalenia wartości NDSCh oraz DSB. Proponuje się notację „Ft” – substancja działająca szkodliwie na rozrodczość. Z powodu niewielkiego wchłaniania DEHP drogą dermalną brak jest podstaw do przyjęcia notacji „skóra”. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu i inżynierii środowiska.
Arsen i jego związki nieorganiczne. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy
Authors: Surgiewicz Jolanta
Published: January 2022

Arsenic is a chemical element classified as metalloids (semi-metals). Some arsenic compounds have been classified (according to CLP) as carcinogens, causing cancers of skin, respiratory system, liver and leukemia. In the industry, workers are exposed to arsenic and its compounds in its extraction, in metallurgy of non-ferrous metal ores, in metal refining processes, in the production of alloys, semiconductors, pigments and insecticides. In Poland, binding value of the hygienic standard (NDS) at workplace air, for the inhalable fraction of arsenic aerosol and its inorganic compounds, converted into As is 0.01 mg/m3 . A determination method has been developed that enables the determination of this substance in the air of 0.1 − 2 values of the hygiene standard, in accordance with the requirements of Standard PN-EN 482. Arsenic is determined with the atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS), in the concentration range of 5.00 − 100.0 μg/l which allows the determination of arsenic and its compounds in workplace air in the range of 0.0010 − 0.021 mg/m3 (for 480-L air sample). The presented procedure enables the determination of this substance with the use of individual dosimetry. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
N-D $C^k$ B-Spline Scattered Data Approximation
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Gee James
Published: January 2022

Since the 1970’s B-splines have evolved to become the {} standard for curve and surface representation due to many of their salient properties. Conventional least-squares scattered data fitting techniques for B-splines require the inversion of potentially large matrices. This is time-consuming as well as susceptible to ill-conditioning which leads to undesired results. Lee {} proposed a novel B-spline algorithm for fitting a 2-D cubic B-spline surface to scattered data in . The proposed algorithm utilizes an optional multilevel approach for better fitting results. We generalize this technique to support N-dimensional data fitting as well as arbitrary degree of B-spline. In addition, we generalize the B-spline kernel function class to accommodate this new image filter.
Tophap by area
Authors: Lehmann Gaetan
Published: January 2022

The tophat transform is a well know and widely used transform based of morphological opening or closing. It is often used to remove the background in an image, where the background is defined as the zones which do not fit in the user provided kernel.

Similarly, the tophat by area is used to remove the background in an image, but the criteria of selection is the size of the connected component, either in physical size or in number of pixels, and is independent of the shape of the connected component. This property makes the tophat non dependent of the shape of the object and makes easier to describe the criteria.
Boolean Operations on Surfaces for VTK
Authors: Lloyd Bryn
Published: January 2022

This document describes an implementation of a filter to perform Boolean operations between surfaces. The filter requires the GNU Triangulated Surface Library GTS to perform the operations. This document is accompanied with the source code, and the xml files necessary to create a paraview plugin.