bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita barisan ditinjau dari adversity quotient
Authors: Chabibah Linda Nur , Siswanah Emy , Tsani Dyan Falasifa
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian kualitatif ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi barisan ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient (AQ). Kemampuan pemecahan masalah memiliki 4 indikator yaitu: 1) mengidentifikasi masalah, 2) merumuskan masalah, 3) melaksanakan strategi, dan 4) memverifikasi solusi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 30 Siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang yang telah diajarkan materi barisan. Kemudian dipilih subjek berdasarkan tipe AQ yaitu Climber, Camper dan Quitter. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket AQ, tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa bertipe Climber mampu memenuhi seluruh indikator dari 4 indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah yaitu indikator 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Siswa bertipe Camper mampu memenuhi 3 dari 4 indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah yaitu indikator 1, 2, dan 3. Siswa bertipe Quitter hanya mampu memenuhi 1 indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah yaitu indikator 2. Analysis of students' problem-solving abilities in solving word problem sequence in terms of adversity quotientAbstractThe purpose of this qualitative research was to describe the students' problem-solving abilities in solving word problems in the sequences material in terms of Adversity Quotient (AQ). Problem-solving has four indicators namely: 1) overcoming the problem, 2) formulating the problem, 3) implementing the strategy, and 4) verifying the solution. The study was conducted in the even semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. The research subjects consisted of 30 students of class XI IPA 1 of Kesatrian 1 Semarang High School who had taught the sequences material. Then the subject was chosen based on the type of AQ namely climber, camper and quitter. Data collection techniques using the AQ questionnaire, the problem-solving test, and interview. The data analysis techniques of this study include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that students of the climber type were able to meet all the indicators of the four indicators of problem-solving namely indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4. Students of the camper type were able to fulfill three from four indicators of problem-solving namely indicators 1, 2, and 3. Students' quitter type were only able to meet one indicator of problem-solving, namely indicator 2.
Attitudes Toward a Proposed GPS-Based Location Tracking Smartphone App for Improving Engagement in HIV Care Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in South Africa: Focus Group and Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Clouse Kate , Phillips Tamsin K , Mogoba Phepo , Ndlovu Linda , Bassett Jean , Myer Landon
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Peripartum women living with HIV in South Africa are at high risk of dropping out of care and are also a particularly mobile population, which may impact their engagement in HIV care. With the rise in mobile phone use worldwide, there is an opportunity to use smartphones and GPS location software to characterize mobility in real time.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to propose a smartphone app that could collect individual GPS locations to improve engagement in HIV care and to assess potential users’ attitudes toward the proposed app.

METHODS

We conducted 50 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with pregnant women living with HIV in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, and 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 27 postpartum women living with HIV in Cape Town. Through an open-ended question in the IDIs, we categorized “positive,” “neutral,” or “negative” reactions to the proposed app and identified key quotations. For the FGD data, we grouped the text into themes, then analyzed it for patterns, concepts, and associations and selected illustrative quotations.

RESULTS

In the IDIs, the majority of participants (76%, 38/50) responded favorably to the proposed app. Favorable comments were related to the convenience of facilitated continued care, a sense of helpfulness on the part of the researchers and facilities, and the difficulties of trying to maintain care while traveling. Among the 4/50 participants (8%) who responded negatively, their comments were primarily related to the individual’s responsibility for their own health care. The FGDs revealed four themes: facilitating connection to care, informed choice, disclosure (intentional or unintentional), and trust in researchers.

CONCLUSIONS

Women living with HIV were overwhelmingly positive about the idea of a GPS-based smartphone app to improve engagement in HIV care. Participants reported that they would welcome a tool to facilitate connection to care when traveling and expressed trust in researchers and health care facilities. Within the context of the rapid increase of smartphone use in South Africa, these early results warrant further exploration and critical evaluation following real-world experience with the app.
The Exposure to Animated Movies and Constructing Adolescents’ Perception towards Gender Role
Authors: Fathy Shrook A. , Fahmy Prof. Amany S.
Published: April 2020

This study aims to know the Egyptian adolescents’ perception towards gender roles; coinciding with the evolution of the female lead animated movies. Being affected by the third and the fourth wave of feminism in American society and its effect on Egyptian adolescents; since animated movies are mainly American produced. The study found that Egyptian adolescents perceive the female role in the society to be independent decision-maker and has her own rights, reassuring that women hold much more work-load than men and her biggest enemy and fighter is the society itself, not her capabilities, while animation movies from 2012 till 2018 hold more muscular personality traits and behavioral traits than feminine ones.
Recent Updates in Meat Color Research: Integrating Traditional and High-Throughput Approaches
Authors: Ramanathan Ranjith , Hunt Melvin C. , Mancini Richard A. , Nair Mahesh N. , Denzer Morgan L. , Suman Surendranath P. , Mafi Gretchen G.
Published: April 2020

Deviation from a bright cherry-red color of fresh meat results in less consumer acceptance and either discounted or discarded products in the value chain. Tissue homeostasis changes immediately after exsanguination, leading to acidification of muscle. Any alteration in pH drop can influence both muscle structure and enzymatic activity related to oxygen consumption and the redox state of myoglobin. This review focuses on both fundamental and applied approaches to under-stand the effects of pH on biochemical changes, oxygen diffusion, and its impact on meat color. Recent updates utilizing high-throughput “omics” approaches to elucidate the biochemical changes associated with high-pH meat are also dis-cussed. The fundamental aspects affecting fresh meat color are complex and highly interrelated with factors ranging from live animal production to preharvest environmental issues, muscle to meat conversion, and numerous facets along the merchandising chain of marketing meat to consumers.
ЉУДСКИ КАПИТАЛ И ЕНДОГЕНИ РАЗВОЈ РЕГИОНА
Authors: Цветановић Слободан , Илић Војислав , Деспотовић Данијела
Published: April 2020

The paper explores the nature of the impact of human capital on regional economic growth. The focus is on arriving at a reasonable answer to the question of whether the nature of the impact of human capital on regional economic growth is conceptually identical to the nature of its impact on economic growth at the national level. The conclusion is that the character of relationship between human capital and economic growth of countries, on the one hand, and growth of the region, as part of the national territory, on the other hand, is fundamentally different. Specifically, the existence of two completely different types of impact of human capital, impact on regional economic growth and impact on the economic growth of countries is noted. In particular, human capital affects regional economic growth through the increase of national productivity, mainly through the manifestation of various forms of externalities. Furthermore, the impact of human capital on regional economic growth through migration mechanism is noted, particularly due to the migration of highly educated workers. These two impacts do not always have the same direction, because the externality spillover mechanisms in a specific region and labour mobility are not per se of complementary character. In cases where these two impacts coincide, certain regions grow dynamically, while in the situations where they do not coincide, the regions may economically stagnate.
УТИЦАЈ СТРАНИХ ДИРЕКТНИХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЈА НА ИМИЏ ГРАДА: ПРИМЕР КОМПАНИЈЕ „ФИЈАТ” И ГРАДА КРАГУЈЕВЦА
Authors: Kocić Milan , Šapić Srđan , Golo Jovana
Published: April 2020

In the contemporary circumstances of accelerated globalization, every country, region and city have to compete for their part in the total number of the world's consumers, tourists, businesses, investment and experts. Creating a brand and building a favorable image of the specific city can be of great importance in the process of the realization of its economic, political and developmental objectives, differentiation with regard to competitive cities, as well as in the process of gaining a global competitive advantage. This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and the image of the company on the improvement of the image of the city in which the investments are realized. The results of the empirical research, which refers to the investment of the international company Fiat in the City of Kragujevac, indicate that investments, the company's image and its business have a positive influence on the image of the city, primarily through its impact on the economic and infrastructural aspects.
УЛОГА И ЗНАЧАЈ ШКОЛСКОГ СПОРТА У ПРЕВЕНЦИЈИ НАСИЉА
Authors: Раденовић Сандра , Мијатовић Слађана
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is the proposal considering the importance of school sport as a measure of prevention of violence among students in schools. In the introduction the authoresses discuss the basic definitions of violence, numerous forms of violence in sport, violence in schools, youth violence and juvenile delinquency as the forms of violence which are studied in sociology, psychology, pedagogy and other humanities. The authoresses present the results of the research of prevalence and forms of violence in schools in Serbia according to the report from 2011. Despite the implementation of certain strategic documents (Special Protocol for the Protection of Children and Students from Violence, Abuse and Neglect in Educational Institutions, 2007, Rule book on the Protocol for Treatment in the Institution in the Response to Violence, Abuse and Neglect, 2010) which specify measures for the prevention of violence in schools, the level of violence has remained unchanged compared to the previous researches. These strategic documents do not recognize the importance of the possibility of school sport as the measure of prevention of violence. The authoresses suggest the possibility of designing programmes within the system of school sport as the measure of prevention of violence in schools and the way of improving sport culture and physical culture in the broadest sense.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Milanović Sandra
Published: April 2020

Biljana Đorđević & Ivan Marković (2016). Upravljanje ljudskim resursima u uslovima globalizacije, Niš: Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu; p. 277 [Human Resource Management in the Conditions of Globalization]
ФЕРТИЛИТЕТ ЖЕНА НА РАДУ И БОРАВКУ У ИНОСТРАНСТВУ: ДА ЛИ СЕ РЕПРОДУКТИВНО ПОНАШАЊЕ МЕЊА СА ЕМИГРАЦИЈОМ? СТУДИЈА СЛУЧАЈА – ИСТОЧНА СРБИЈА
Authors: Radovanović Olica , Šantić Danica , Đorđević Dejan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper, which unifies two, usually separately studied areas of research, fertility and migration, is to determine trends in reproduction behaviour of women out-migrants. In the last decades, there has been an increasing amount of research on women and migration, which has begun to fill the gap created by the earlier focus on the stereotypical male labour migrant. The focus of this research is to observe and analyze the difference in fertility trends between women in different generations and according to women non migrants and out-migrants. The emphasis is on the question: whether the indicators of fertility are closely linked with the act of migration itself. For this purpose we used survey with the questions focused on fertility as well as on socio-demographic characteristics of women out-migrants. Survey data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and analytical statistical methods. We try to identify how migration process affects the level of fertility of women out-migrants and if there is a significant difference between the level of fertility of the respondents and their mothers and grandmothers who didn’t participate in migration process.
МУЛТИМОДАЛНОСТ И МИГРАНТСКА КРИЗА У ДНЕВНОЈ ШТАМПИ НА СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Ђуровић Татјана
Published: April 2020

Complementing a wide theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Johnson, 1987; Charteris-Black, 2004; Benczes, Barcelona, & Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, 2011) with multimodality (El Refaie, 2003; Forceville, 2009; Forceville & Urios-Aparisi, 2009; Bounegru & Forceville, 2011), the paper explores the role of pictorial and multimodal metaphors in structuring Europe’s migrant crisis in Serbian daily newspapers. The data collection for our analysis consists of twelve cartoons pertaining to the topic of migrant crisis published in daily newspapers Politika and Večernje novosti in 2015. The aim of our investigation is twofold: a) to determine how visual metaphors, independently or in a symbiosis with verbal metaphors, render two cognitive schemas – CONTAINMENT and MOVEMENT and the metaphors of WALL, HOUSE, JOURNEY, thus contributing to the conceptualisation of the major participants in the migrant crisis; and b) to reveal how visual and/or verbal modalities of metaphor and other cognitive instruments convey an axiological value and more or less covert ideological stances.
ВИТАЛНОСТ РЕЛИГИЈЕ У (ДЕ)СЕКУЛАРИЗОВАНОМ ДРУШТВУ
Authors: Бакрач Владимир
Published: April 2020

Приказ дела: Мирко Благојевић. (2015). Виталност религије у (де)секуларизованом друштву. Београд: Институт друштвених наука, 269 стр.
Evaluación de habilidades técnicas de médicos internos en la atención del parto
Authors: Ávila Juárez Silvia Angélica , Pradel Bernal Kennya Fernanda
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La atención del parto por personal calificado es un factor que influye en la disminución de la morbi-mortalidad materna, por esto es necesario capacitar y evaluar continuamente al personal de salud o a quienes prestaran sus servicios para dicha atención.Objetivo: Evaluar las habilidades técnicas en la atención de parto eutócico en médicos internos de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM.Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en 2018, para la medición se utilizó una lista de cotejo de 17 ítems que evalúa 4 aspectos. Se clasificó el aprovechamiento y habilidades en la atención del parto de la siguiente manera: puntaje de 0-59% como insuficiente; 60-79%, suficiente; 80-94%, bueno; y 95-100%, excelente. La evaluación se realizó con simuladores de baja fidelidad, se tuvo como consideración que en cuarto año de la licenciatura, los estudiantes tuvieron 2 actividades de aprendizaje por simulación para la atención de parto.Resultados: Participaron 239 médicos internos, quienes estaban inscritos en sedes clínicas de la Ciudad de México y el área metropolitana; de ellos, los que habían rotado por el servicio de GyO durante el internado médico obtuvieron una media de 45.7 de calificación en la evaluación, mientras los que no habían rotado obtuvieron un 28.48; para comparar ambos grupos se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon en donde se obtuvo una p = 0.00. En esta evaluación, el instrumento de medición obtuvo en Alfa de Cronbach de 0.917.Conclusiones: En ambos grupos, el aprovechamiento y habilidades fueron clasificados como insuficientes, sin embargo, se identificó una diferencia significativa en los que rotaron por el servicio de GyO, que indica que poseían más habilidades. Deben promoverse estrategias que favorezcan el reforzamiento y evaluación de la competencia de atención del parto en los estudiantes de pregrado; en nuestro caso, podemos hacerlo a través de la simulación clínica.
Relación entre bienestar psicológico y empatía en médicos residentes en una universidad pública en México
Authors: Delgado Domínguez Carolina , Rodríguez Barraza Adriana , Lagunes Córdoba Roberto , Vázquez Martínez Francisco Domingo
Published: April 2020

Introducción: El estudio de la relación entre el bienestar psicológico y la empatía en los médicos residentes ha sido poco explorado en México.Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el bienestar psicológico y la empatía hacia los pacientes, en médicos residentes de una universidad pública en México.Método: Es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (SPWB) y la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson (EEMJ) a 139 residentes de primero a cuarto año de las diferentes especialidades.Resultados: Se encontró una correlación significativa y positiva entre la SPWB y la EEMJ (r = .460; p < .001).Conclusiones: El bienestar psicológico y la empatía están estrechamente relacionados, por lo que promover acciones que favorezcan la salud mental en los residentes durante el curso por la especialidad, influirá en la empatía con los pacientes. Es urgente hacer más investigaciones que, como esta, vinculen a ambas variables en dicha población.
Validez y confiabilidad del DREEM en español colombiano y su adaptación a un currículo integrador
Authors: Laverde Robayo Diana Marcela , Ortiz Fonseca Martha , Vergel Guerrero John Alexander , Ospina Maldonado Vladimir Mauricio , Quintero Hernández Gustavo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Introducción: En la evaluación de los currículos médicos ha sido importante medir el ambiente educativo con la ayuda de algunos instrumentos como el DREEM. Sin embargo, varios estudios han identificado problemas con sus propiedades psicométricas. La consistencia interna de sus 5 dominios es bastante variable y, en ciertos casos, la confiabilidad es baja. Para tomar decisiones sobre cambios curriculares en nuestro contexto es necesario validar este instrumento.Objetivo: Validar el DREEM en español colombiano y su adaptación a un currículo integrador.Método: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, exploratorio, transversal. La validación del contenido se realizó con juicio de 12 expertos. Participaron 308 estudiantes de medicina respondiendo el DREEM. La validación de constructo y la confiabilidad se determinaron con Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y α de Cronbach.Resultados: Se adecuaron sintáctica y semánticamente los ítems y se movilizaron 7 ítems de un dominio a otro. El puntaje total del DREEM mostró un nivel de confiabilidad excelente (α = 0.91), pero 2 de sus dominios tuvieron un nivel cuestionable de consistencia interna. La validez de constructo indicó que 26 ítems serían suficientes para medir el ambiente educativo. Los ítems del dominio 5 y el ítem 17 quedaron excluidos del AFE.Conclusiones: El DREEM adaptado en español colombiano es un instrumento confiable y válido, pero algunos de sus dominios son cuestionables, lo que pone en duda sus soportes teóricos. Excluir el análisis independiente de estos dominios puede dificultar la comprensión de los resultados del DREEM y obstaculizar la toma de decisiones en áreas concretas del currículo. Por tanto, es necesaria una reconstrucción teórica del ambiente educativo y, en consecuencia, una reconceptualización de las subescalas de este constructo.
Heat- and cooling systems
Authors: Grigoryan Artak A. , Ter-Zakaryan Karapet A. , Panchenko Alexander I. , Galceva Nadezhda A. , Krashchenko Vladislav I.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The article discusses the various aspects of the use of foamed polyethylene, implemented at sports facilities in Armenia. Firstly, it is a roof insulation system. Secondly, the implementation of insulation systems to preserve the cold in the territory of open sports facilities, in particular, to preserve snow reserves in ski resorts. Additional requirements are imposed on the thermal insulation material for such structures. The material, in addition to high thermotechnical properties, must be airtight, lightweight, easy to install and maintain, durable, resistant to infection by bacteria and fungi, it is easy to tolerate temperature extremes.

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the properties (heat conductivity density, vapor permeability, water absorption) and application features (resistance to the effects of temperature, humidity, aggressive components contained in the air, that is, its high operational stability) of rolled non-cross-linked polyethylene foam when creating insulating sheets that protect snow from melting.

Results. It was found that polyethylene foam in the insulating system maintains the stability of mechanical and thermophysical properties. Taking into account all the functional features of the implementation of insulation systems, the principles of protection and preservation (conservation) of snow cover have been developed, implemented on the mountain slopes and plateau of ski facilities. Rolls of foamed polyethylene were joined end-to-end and mechanically fixed.

Conclusions. Thus, a seamless insulating coating was formed, covering the entire hillside — “thermal blanket”. The insulation system is operated during the off-season between March and September, during a period of stable positive temperatures.
Effect of organo-mineral additives on physical-mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of sand-cement mortars
Authors: Ngo Хuan Hung  , Tang Van Lam  , Bulgakov Boris I. , Aleksandrova Olga V. , Larsen Oksana A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. TConstruction of large-scale offshore structures in the coastal area of Vietnam requires new compositions of binders for hydraulic concretes, advanced concrete mixing technologies, and concrete transportation to depositing sites.

Materials and methods. The binder, containing sulfate resistant Portland cement and finely dispersed mineral additives, including low calcium fly ash of TPP “Vung Ang” and silica fume SF-90 (SF-90), was added to the mortar mix, and the same about SR 5000F superplasticizer and quartz river sand. Powder particle shape and size were measured using laser granulometry; X-ray diffraction was employed to identify the mineral composition of sulfate-resistant cement; the effect of multi-component organo-mineral additives on the phase composition of the cement stone was studied using methods of thermogravimetric analysis; the absolute volume method was employed to analyze the composition of the mortar.

Results. The co-authors have analyzed the application of new compositions of multi-component organic-mineral additives whose content, if taken as a percentage of the cement weight, reaches 1.1–1.45 % of SF 5000F superplasticizer, 10–15 % of SF-90, and 30 % of fly ash. New additives accelerate compressive and tensile strength development by 1.4–1.9 times, and that’s been confirmed by bending early-age and 28-day cement-sand mortar specimens, that have sulfate-resistant cement, and their benchmarking against control specimens. It’s been identified that SF-90 and fly ash, if added to the mix, reduce the Portlandite content in the cement stone by 1.27–3.29 % at the age of 28 days in comparison with the benchmark composition due to their high pozzolanic activity

Conclusions. Testing results enable co-authors to recommend the application of multi-component organo-mineral additives to increase the resistance of cement-sand compositions to sulfate corrosion due to the denser structure and lower porosity of the cement stone, caused by the lower value of the water/binder ratio and the packing of pore spaces with active mineral fillers. Therefore, new additives are recommended for use in the production of corrosion resistant concretes suitable for construction of offshore hydraulic structures in Vietnam.
Student assessment as a tool to improve the quality of higher education
Authors: Borkovskaya Victoria G. , Kovalev Artem S.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The main issue of the study is the problem of improving the quality of education. As part of the comprehensive and effective development of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to meet the requirements for providing new and innovative tools for quality control of education. One of these tools is the use of a score-rating system for assessing students of higher educational institutions. Purpose of research is to analyze and improve the existing methods of evaluation of students of higher educational institutions.

Materials and methods. The comparative analysis of existing methods of assessment of students is applied. The main shortcomings of the traditional system of evaluation of students of higher educational institutions are determined by empirical method.

Results. The new score-rating system for assessing students has been developed that meets modern standards of higher education in the Russian Federation and includes a multi-level system of criteria that take into account all stages of student-teacher interaction.

Conclusions. The developed system of criteria can be applied to absolutely any discipline with any amount of load. But preferably with full-time or part-time education.
LOS SISTEMAS AGROALIMENTARIOS LOCALIZADOS (SIAL) EN LA AGROINDUSTRIA QUESERA DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO ¿SON POSIBLES?
Authors: Vilaboa-Arroniz Julio , Díaz-Rivera Pablo , Aguilar-Ávila Jorge , Vilaboa-Arroniz Israel
Published: April 2020

Se realizó una revisión de literatura sobre el enfoque de Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL) con el objetivo de analizar y discutir sobre su implementación en la agroindustria quesera del estado de Veracruz. Se consultaron revistas indizadas y libros para contrastar dicho enfoque con otros como Agroecosistemas (AG), Cadenas Agroalimentarias (CA), Sistema-Producto (SP), Nueva Ruralidad (NR) y Cadena de Valor (CV) para identificar similitudes, contrastes, ventajas y desventajas con el SIAL; por otro lado, se consultaron estadísticas oficiales sobre información de la producción lechera nivel nacional y estatal,  los sistemas de producción bovina doble propósito como proveedores de materia prima, información sobre los tipos  de quesos en el país y en Veracruz. Bajo las condiciones actuales de producción, transformación, sanitarias y de comercialización el enfoque y metodología de Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL) carece, en una primera etapa, de aplicación en la Agroindustria Quesera del estado de Veracruz; no obstante puede ser una alternativa para la caracterización de los tipos de quesos por regiones;  así como el fomento, promoción y proyección de la industria artesanal de quesos en el estado en aras de una Identificación Geográfica, Denominación de Origen o Marca Colectiva de Región de Origen. Por lo que, se requiere de la participación y organización, así como la integración y desarrollo del sector lechero donde estén representados e involucrados todos los actores.
INFLUENCIA DE LOS CULTIVOS PISCICOLAS EN LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA DEL LAGO GUAMUEZ, NARIÑO
Authors: Burbano-Gallardo Elizabeth , Duque-Nivia Guillermo , Imués-Figueroa Marco A , González-Legarda Andrés , Delgado-Gómez Mario , Mejía-España Diego
Published: April 2020

La piscicultura, es una alternativa mundial en la producción de alimentos de calidad y alto contenido de proteína; sin embargo, las consecuencias de la actividad se reflejan en alteraciones de diferentes variables en el ecosistema acuático. El presente estudio se desarrolló durante la temporada de lluvias bajas en el Lago Guamuez, en tres zonas de cultivo y un punto control, tomando muestras de agua a diferentes profundidades de la columna de agua dependiendo de la batimetría de la zona, donde se evaluó la influencia de la intensidad de cultivos extensivos, semi-intensivos e intensivos de trucha arcoíris en jaulas flotantes, analizando los parámetros fisicoquímicos oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, conductividad eléctrica, pH, turbidez, DBO5 y DQO y nutrientes como el amonio, nitritos, nitratos y fósforo total. La contaminación ambiental de las variables se evaluó mediante un análisis de varianza. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos al igual que los nutrientes del agua presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre las zonas y profundidades de muestreo, demostrando mayores alteraciones a medida que se incrementa la intensidad de cultivo. Finalmente, se pudo comprobar que los cultivos de trucha arcoíris en jaulas flotantes altera negativamente la calidad de agua principalmente en cultivos de mayor intensidad productiva, aunque los valores reportados no representan un riesgo para la calidad del agua del lago, se debe tener en cuenta las densidades de siembra que se manejan en los cultivos y el manejo de raciones alimenticias, puesto que podrían causar cambios en el ambiente acuático si no se hace un manejo responsable de estos parámetros.
Estabilización de lodos biológicos provenientes de una planta de tratamiento de agua residual mediante pacas biodigestoras
Authors: Pulgarín-Muñoz Carlos Esteven , Wills-Betancur Beatriz Amparo
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Como producto de la depuración de las aguas residuales mediante procesos biológicos surgen los lodos biológicos como uno de los residuos de mayor importancia en la PTAR, que en Colombia se calcula una producción promedio de 274 toneladas por día. Objetivo. Evaluar el proceso de estabilización de lodos proveniente de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales anaerobia, por medio de pacas biodigestoras. Materiales y métodos. Posterior a la construcción de cuatro pacas con diferentes concentraciones de lodos biológicos, se realizó seguimiento de temperatura y pH durante cuatro meses. Una vez finalizados fueron llevados al laboratorio del grupo GIEM para hacer los estudios fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos. Resultados. Se observó que en ningún caso la temperatura supera los 50 °C, el pH estuvo 7,5 y 3,5 U de pH y las pacas se mantuvieron saturación de humedad. Se reportan valores apropiados para CIC, COT, Relación C/N. Valores aceptables para NOT y P y cumplimiento con las exigencias para metales pesados exceptuando la concentración de níquel. Hay presencia tanto de coliformes totales y fecales como de huevos de helmintos. Conclusión. De esta investigación finalmente se concluye que el proceso de estabilización alcanza mejores resultados a medida que aumenta la concentración de residuos de cocina y que si bien se logra un producto con características apropiadas para ser suministrado a los suelos, ya sea como abono orgánico o para la enmienda de suelos, se requiere un tiempo más prolongado para lograr la maduración total del biselado resultante y la inhibición de microrganismos indicadores como los huevos de helmintos.
Estrategias de producción más limpia –PML: caso aplicado a la industria de curtiembre
Authors: Monroy-Ávila Edinson Fabián , Peña-Monroy César Arbey , Garzón-Cortés Giovanna del Pilar
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La industria de la curtiembre es un sector importante del desarrollo económico al norte de Cundinamarca, allí se encuentra más de 190 empresas dedicadas a la transformación de piel bovina putrescible en cuero no putrescible; actividad que genera vertimientos altamente tóxicos que llegan de manera directa al río Bogotá, ocasionando efectos adversos en el ambiente y la salud pública al carecer de sistemas tecnificados bajo principios de PML. Objetivo. Este estudio se centró en analizar el sistema de producción de una curtiembre del norte de Cundinamarca, para formular estrategias de PML a nivel de microempresas del sector. Materiales y métodos. El estudio verificó datos en campo de cada una de las actividades del proceso productivo, para luego construir el diagrama de procesos, el balance de masas; herramientas que permitieron la consolidación de estrategias planteadas de PML y la cuantificación de los beneficios económicos esperados para mejorar el desempeño ambiental de la empresa de curtido. Resultados. Este estudio evidenció que mediante acciones de PML fue posible ahorrar un 52 % en el consumo de agua, reducir el 75 % de residuos sólidos a disponer en rellenos sanitarios, 73 % de insumos químicos requeridos para el curtido; además la transformación y tecnificación del sistema productivo permitirá recuperar aproximadamente COP 932.766 por cada proceso productivo de 1.000 kg de piel cruda. Conclusiones. Las estrategias de PML consolidadas, permiten transformar los sistemas artesanales de producción a sistemas tecnificados más competitivos y productivos en coherencia con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.
Medidas de manejo ambiental en centros comerciales de ciudades intermedias
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Camila , Carvajal Tabares Daniel
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Los centros comerciales son estructuras urbanas que permiten la confluencia de diferentes actividades en un solo espacio que pueden convertirse en lugares más amigables con el medio ambiente a través de la disminución de sus impactos negativos. El objetivo de esta investigación es plantear medidas de manejo ambiental para aspectos clave en siete centros comerciales de ciudades intermedias o poblaciones de estrato socioeconómico medio-bajo en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Para el planteamiento de las medidas ambientales se realizó una encuesta estructurada con el fin de identificar el estado actual de la gestión ambiental y los aspectos críticos en los siete centros comerciales elegidos. Resultados Se encontró que el manejo de residuos sólidos y los vertimientos son los temas que presentan mayor déficit en su gestión ambiental, por lo cual se proponen medidas ambientales para mitigar, corregir y compensar los impactos negativos de estos dos aspectos principalmente. Conclusión. El fortalecimiento técnico-operativo interno y el trabajo con la comunidad son fundamentales en el mejoramiento de la capacidad ambiental de las instituciones.
Medición de la condensación de lluvia horizontal con tres estructuras: el caso del municipio de Zipacón (Cundinamarca, Colombia)
Authors: Cárdenas-Vargas Myriam Carolina , García-Valbuena César Augusto
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La niebla es un recurso que se ha venido aprovechando para la obtención de agua a nivel mundial, pero ciertamente no se ha implementado una estructura que represente una mayor captura de este recurso. Objetivo. Medir la eficiencia de captación de lluvia horizontal representada en l/m2- día de dos estructuras con formas naturales (árbol simulando la copa de un pino y un domo geodésico de frecuencia 4v); frente al modelo convencional (pantalla). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó el diseño y la construcción de los atrapanieblas acompañados por un pluviómetro, se efectuó la toma de mediciones diarias del agua recolectada por cada estructura durante 10 meses, posteriormente se restó, de la precipitación total, la directa para hallar únicamente el agua que proviene de la niebla. Con los datos obtenidos se realizó un análisis exploratorio y gráfico, además se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas confirmatorias mediante el uso del software R para determinar cuál estructura presenta mayor eficiencia. Resultados. El domo geodésico 4v y el árbol recolectaron en promedio 1,94 l/m2-día y 1,64 l/m2-día respectivamente y la estructura convencional capturo 0,97 l/ m2-día. Conclusiones. Las estructuras que presentan diseños basados en formas naturales poseen una mayor eficiencia de captación de la lluvia horizontal.
First finding of a genus Haslea Simonsen in Serbia and new diatom taxa for the country's flora in extreme and unique habitats in the Vojvodina Province
Authors: Vidakovic Danijela , Ciric Milos , Krizmanic Jelena
Published: April 2020

Salt habitats are extreme and unique environments found from Austria through
Hungary to the Vojvodina Province in Serbia. In our study, we investigated
eight saline habitats (channeled salt marshes, moist salt meadows and saline
ponds), from which we collected plankton, epipelic and epiphytic diatoms.
Seventeen diatom taxa new for the Serbian diatom flora were recorded. In
addition, the genus Haslea, with one species (H. spicula), was recorded for
the first time in Serbia. The identified taxa were sporadic or rare in the
samples.
Densification of ultra-refractory transition metal diboride ceramics
Authors: Fahrenholtz W.G. , Hilmas G.E. , Li Ruixing
Published: April 2020

The densification behavior of transition metal diboride compounds was
reviewed with emphasis on ZrB2 and HfB2. These compounds are considered
ultra-high temperature ceramics because they have melting temperatures above
3000?C. Densification of transition metal diborides is difficult due to
their strong covalent bonding, which results in extremely high melting
temperatures and low self-diffusion coefficients. In addition, oxide
impurities present on the surface of powder particles promotes coarsening,
which further inhibits densification. Studies prior to the 1990s
predominantly used hot pressing for densification. Those reports revealed
densification mechanisms and identified that oxygen impurity contents below
about 0.5 wt% were required for effective densification. Subsequent studies
have employed advanced sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering and
reactive hot pressing to produce materials with nearly full density and
higher metallic purity. Further studies are needed to identify fundamental
densification mechanisms and further improve the elevated temperature
properties of transition metal diborides.
Comparative impact analysis of neuronal and glial progenitors conditioned medium on cerebellar neurons under glutamate exitotoxicity
Authors: Salikhova D. I , Leonov G. E , Bukharova T. B , Kornienko Z. V , Bulatenko N. V , Efremova A. S , Makhnach O. V , Makarov A. V , Elchaninov AV. V , Fathudinov T. H , Goldshtein D. V
Published: April 2020

One of the main causes of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is excitotoxicity. Today the potential directions of treatment neurodegenerative diseases are including cell therapy, the purpose of which is to replace lost nerve tissue with donor cells. Transplanted cells along with replaced lost tissues have a paracrine effect, which requires careful study. The aim of this work was to study the effect of conditioned media, obtaining from neuronal and glial progenitor cells, on a primary culture of cerebellar neurons in a model of glutamate excitotoxicity. The cell viability, expression of marker genes for apoptosis and neuritogenesis, and the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells were determined in the culture of cerebellar neurons. The composition of the studied conditioned media was analyzed for the content of neurotrophins. A comparative analysis was revealed differences in the secretion of neurotrophins between the obtained cultures: the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial neurotrophic factor was higher in the secretion of glial progenitors. It was shown that the addition of conditioned media from neuronal cells does not significantly affect the viability of cerebellar neurons, whereas preincubation with media from glial progenitors has a neuroprotective effect by increasing the viability of cerebellar neurons, and during long-term cultivation promotes the growth of neurites by increasing the expression level of MAP2 and GAP43 genes.
CAR-dependent anti-metastatic activity of modified NK cell line YT
Authors: Koval O. A , Subrakova V. G , Nushtaeva A. A , Belovezhets T. N , Troitskaya O. A , Ermakov M. S , Varlamov M. E , Chikaev A. N , Kuligina E. V , Kulemzin S. V , Gorchakov AA. A , Taranin A. V , Richter V. A
Published: April 2020

Adoptive T- and NK-cells transfer with chimeric antigenic receptors (CAR) is considered as a promising anticancer strategy. Chimeric antigenic receptors are artificial molecules that provide activation of the cells carrying them when they contact with a specific antigen to induce cell death. Unlike T cells, NK cells have no T-cell receptors, which prevent "graft-versus-host” disease under allograft transplantation. The aim of this work was to study antimetastatic activity of a double-modified human NK cell line YT - Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact cells carrying CAR to the PSMA protein and expressing antiapoptotic protein lactaptin. The BrCCh4e-134 breast carcinoma line with high PSMA expression was constructed by lentiviral transduction. The YT double modified NK cell line, Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact, expressing functional anti-PSMA CAR and carrying a deletion of the Shp-2 gene encoding the Shp-2 protein, a negative regulator of NK cell activation, was used as effector cells. The cytotoxic activity of Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact cells was tested on PSMA-positive BrCCh4e-134 cells and on parental BrCCh4e cell in vitro in real-time mode. The antimetastasis activity of Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact cells was analyzed in SCID and NOD/SCID mice with spontaneously metastases and intravenously transplanted PSMA-positive BrCCh4e-134 cells. Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact cells efficiently reduced the viability of PSMA-positive tumor cells and moderately PSMA-negative target cells in vitro. As a tumor model, we used human breast cancer cells that overexpress PSMA as a transgene and are characterized by metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes being transplanted on mice. It was shown that a single intravenous administration of the Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact cells suppressed the development of metastases in the spontaneous metastasis model and when tumor cells were introduced into the bloodstream. The reaction of the primary tumor node to Cyto-CAR-YT-Lact therapy was not detected. Thus, the use of modified NK cells can be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for suppressing metastasis, but not for suppressing the growth of the primary tumor node.
Neuro-immune interactions in cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway
Authors: Tuchina O. P
Published: April 2020

More and more researches suggest that the nervous and immune systems actively interact. Investigation of the mechanisms that underlie the development of septic shock led to discovery of a qualitatively new type of neuro-immune interactions - the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involving the vagus nerve. However, despite the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve that is already actively used in order to relieve the symptoms of some autoimmune conditions, many molecular and cellular aspects of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway remain unknown or controversial. This review discusses the mechanisms of the reception of inflammatory mediators by vagal afferent fibers and nervous cells in the area postrema, the nerve centers presumably involved in the processing of immune information, the efferent parasympathetic effects on the immune system, in particular, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by spleen macrophages, as well as the role of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in maintaining homeostasis in the body.
КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КАК ОДИН ИЗ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ВНЕУРОЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПО ХИМИИ В СТАРШЕЙ ШКОЛЕ
Authors: Shabanova Irina , Kovaleva Svetlana , Poleshchuk Oleg , Fateyev Aleksandr
Published: April 2020

Анализируется понятие «внеурочная деятельность» в школьном образовании. Охарактеризованы особенности внеурочной деятельности. Приведено понятие «внеурочная деятельность по химии», выделена ее цель и специфическая особенность на старшей ступени обучения в современной школе. Обоснована необходимость выполнения проектов по химии. Предложено одно из актуальных направлений: деятельность обучающихся по моделированию строения веществ. Описана методика работы обучающихся с программами Gaussian и GaussView, используемыми для решения задач квантово-механического моделирования молекулярных структур. Дана характеристика индивидуальным проектам по химии, приведены этапы их выполнения. Показан пример построения обучающимися молекулярных структур хлоридов 15-й группы периодической системы. Представлены результаты оценивания выполненных проектов на основе разработанных критериев и анкетирования с целью определения отношения обучающихся к компьютерному моделированию молекул.

The analysis of the concept of «extracurricular activities» in school education is given, its features are characterized. The concept of «extracurricular activities in chemistry» is given, its purpose and specific feature at the senior level of education in a modern school are highlighted. The necessity of carrying out chemistry projects is substantiated, and one of the relevant areas is proposed: design activities of schoolchildren in modeling the structure of substances. The HyperChem software package, which is used to solve the problems of quantum-mechanical modeling of atomic and molecular structures, is described, which allows performing complex computational problems in chemistry in a short period of time. The methodology of work of schoolchildren with the HyperChem software package is described. The characteristic of individual chemistry projects is given, the stages of their implementation are given. An example of the construction by schoolchildren of the molecular structures of chlorides of elements of group 15 of the periodic system and their optimization by the semiempirical PM3 method, which includes only valence electrons in the calculation, is shown. Correlation dependences of the experimental and calculated bond lengths and bond angles, correlation equations, correlation coefficients (R), and standard deviation (SD) are presented. The results of evaluating completed projects on the basis of developed criteria, assessment scales and student performance on completed projects are presented. Questions were developed for questioning students in order to determine their attitude to the GaussView program.