bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Issue of Approaches to Determining the Meaning of the Definition of the Institution of Extradition of Persons for Criminal Prosecution or Execution of a Sentence (Extradition)
Authors: Karpovich V. E.
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis of the existing definitions of extradition of criminals (extradition) by representatives of the Russian legal doctrine. It is emphasized that the dominant position at present is the approach of the inter-sectoral nature of this institution. Meanwhile, it is noted that the national legal regulation of extradition acts as a fundamental and dominant element in the system of legal regulation of extradition. The article also consistently and reasonably puts forward the thesis that criminal procedure law is the primary basis for the institution of extradition.
Mindfulness as a Complex Psychological Phenomenon
Authors: Umnyashkin V. G. , Dorosheva E. A.
Published: October 2023

Interest in psychological practices based on formation of mindfulness skill is currently increasing in foreign and Russian research. The objective of this review was to systematize data on mindfulness as a complex psychological phenomenon. Approaches to its definition, its place in the structure of psychological processes, and proposed models are considered.
Characteristics of Psychological Separation from Parents, Subjective Experience of Loneliness and Self-Attitude in Adolescents with a Tendency to Self-Injurious Behavior
Authors: Zhdanova A. K. , Kiseleva O. V.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to analyze the psychological characteristics of separation from parents, the subjective experience of loneliness and self-attitude in adolescents with self-damaging behavior. The sample consisted of 108 teenagers from the city of Novosibirsk aged 15 to 18 years with and without self-harm. The tools for collecting material were: the author’s questionnaire; methodology “Scale of causes of self-damaging behavior” N.A. Polish; PSI (Psychological Separation Inventory) methodology adapted by V.P. Dzukaeva and T.Yu. Sadovnikova; D. Russell’s scale of subjective feelings of loneliness (UCLA, version 3) adapted by I. N. Ishmukhametov; methodology “Personal differential”, adapted at the Research Institute. V.M. Bekhterev. As a result, it was found that adolescents with self-damaging behavior had significantly lower indicators of conflict separation with their father and mother and higher indicators of emotional separation with their father. In the self-attitude of these adolescents, there is a feeling of their low value, self-rejection, dependence on external assessments, difficulties with self-regulation and self-control. Also, adolescents with self-harm experience a feeling of loneliness as a state of discomfort against the background of feeling their low value and misunderstanding by others.
The possibilities of using injectables in the treatment of atrophic scars
Authors: Akopyan Inessa K. , Murakov Stanislav V.
Published: October 2023

Atrophic scars are a common complication that accompanies the healing of vulgar acne. The condition is quite widespread among young people, and their physical and psychological consequences with improper treatment can persist throughout life. There are many therapies for atrophic scars, but limited efficacy and high frequency of side effects limit use of these methods. For optimal treatment of a patient’s scar, it is necessary to predict which treatment will prtovide the most satisfactory result in the short period of time with the minimum number of side effects. Analysis of numerous studies shows that there is no panacea for the treatment of atrophic scars, which explains the developing trend towards the development of combined treatment methods. The purpose of our review is to analyze injectable methods of therapy for atrophic scars with an emphasis on the latest achievements of the previous decade, since in recent years these methods have shown themselves not only as one of the most successful in therapy, but also, according to most authors, there is a huge potential to increase the efficacy of treatment in severe cases. Although, it is difficult to make an unbiased comparison of each therapy method due to the different sample sizes of studies, the strength of evidence, the specifics of therapy and other factors, nevertheless, there is a possibility of reaching consensus on which treatment methods are optimally suited for certain types of scars. This should be an absolute determining factor for choosing the best therapeutic strategy, whether it is monotherapy or combination therapy, in the treatment of atrophic scars with minimum side effects.
How to make a kilonova: Finding a path for cosmic alchemy
Authors: Richardson Noel , Pavao Clarissa
Published: October 2023

Astronomers recently discovered a pair of stars circling each other (a binary star) that will eventually end its life in an explosion so powerful it creates gold. These explosions create large amounts of gold and other heavy metals but their formation has proven difficult to model. This discovery shows how double-stars hold the key for understanding how precious metals are made in the cosmos.
Practical significance of scientific research activities: a case study of the historical stage of development of the Department of Physical Training and Sports at State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, DORNOSTUP Igor B. , VELICHKO Victor M. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: October 2023

This article deals with the organization and activities of the Department of Physical Training and Sports at State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia in the realm of scientific research. It discusses the significance, relevance, and practical implementation of these studies in various areas of firefighting service and personnel training. The paper conducts an analysis of the department’s scientific works over an extended period, determining the level of importance of the conducted research and the effectiveness of applying the results in the practical activities of state firefighting service units.
Technologies of indirect influence in patriotic education of students of Russian higher educational institutions
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, KIRICHEK Aleksander V. , KHODIKOVA Nina A. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: October 2023

The article describes indirect influence technologies that can be used for education (in particular, patriotic) both in group and individual work with students of Russian universities. The first one, in particular, includes game methods (quizzes, heuristic games, debates, discussions, group drawing), the second one – working with texts, writing compositions, essays and letters. The thesis is substantiated that indirect influence is in many cases more effective than the direct one, since it affects not only the consciousness and intellect, but also the feelings and subconsciousness of the trainees. In the context of the increased importance of educational work in modern conditions, the article will be useful to all teachers of the Academy.
Constellation of Heroes of the Academy (Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia)
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, BESPALOV Aleksander V. , MASHURA Stanislav V. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: October 2023

This article, based on the analysis of encyclopedias, biographical directories, previously published works, and archival documents, tells the stories of employees, workers, graduates, and students of State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia who were awarded the high titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of the Russian Federation. This article may be useful for researchers, teachers, post graduate students, and students of humanitarian educational institutions studying courses in such disciplines as “History”, “History of Fire Protection”, “History of Firefighting”.
The psychological impact of non-responsiveness to antidepressants on patients with depression and the role of pharmacogenomics-based drug therapy
Authors: Agbo Chinonyelum E. , Chima Uzochukwu E. , Nwachuya Chukwuemeka A. , Enang Ndikpongkeabasi V. , Okoye Christabel O. , Mbaji Sylvia M. , Uzokwe Ngozi M. , Ngige Amauche P. , Iwuchukwu Otito F. , Okoloekwe Andrea
Published: October 2023

Depression is a common and crippling condition that is not easily ameliorated with conventional antidepressant medications due to a lack of drug response. Patients are significantly impacted by this non-responsiveness, which causes emotional anguish, decreased mental health, and a higher risk of suicide. This article examines the psychological implications of antidepressant non-response, underscoring the emotional toll on patients and the detrimental impact on their general well-being. It also emphasizes the difficulties of forecasting treatment outcomes using current prescription practices as well as the link between non-responsiveness and a higher risk of suicide. Pharmacogenomics (PGx)-based drug therapy emerges as a potential solution to address non-responsive depression. By analyzing an individual’s genetic profile, health-care providers can personalize therapeutic plans, selecting medications and dosages that are more likely to be safe and effective for individual patients. This approach offers several benefits, including enhanced treatment effectiveness, individualized dosing, the avoidance of treatment resistance, cost-effectiveness, and improved safety profile. Our work primarily highlights the potential of PGx to revolutionize depression treatment by providing a more tailored and effective approach. We present evidence from studies supporting the clinical benefits of PGx-guided medication management, highlighting improved depression outcomes and higher remission rates compared to standard care.
Methodology for Assessing the Digital Transformation of Libraries
Authors: Kapterev Andrey I.
Published: October 2023

Due to the paucity of comprehensive studies in the field of library digitalization, a brief description of the methodology for assessing the digital transformation (DT) of libraries is presented. The problem is considered according to various components. Domestic and foreign approaches to the study of the level of DT are described. The stages of assessing the level of digital maturity of libraries (analysis of the socio-professional background of digital maturity, functional benchmarking of digital maturity of specific libraries, intellectual data analysis and replication of best practices, data-driven sectoral management with the use of artificial intelligence and revision of regulations) are substantiated. The levels of digital maturity of libraries (readiness for DT, activity of DT, innovativeness of DT) have been defined. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for comprehensive assessment of libraries’ digital maturity at the general and corporate levels, and to propose tools for assessing the level of digital maturity of specific libraries. Recommendations for processing the results obtained using modern software and hardware tools are given. For the first time a formula for quantitative assessment of digital maturity of libraries using indices is proposed. The presented variant of the matrix for assessing digital maturity of technological processes includes the main library processes as components of digital maturity and expands the understanding of functional benchmarking aimed at comparing the results of digital maturity of specific libraries.

Based on the study, the following conclusions are drawn. 1. To manage DT, it is necessary to organize continuous monitoring of digital maturity of libraries, i.e. their readiness for DT, activity of DT, innovativeness of DT expressed in criteria and indicators agreed with the professional community. 2. The results of monitoring should become an important component of management decision-making based on digital data (data-driven approach) and forecasting of both positive and negative trends as a result of intelligent data analysis. 3. The analysis of the digital maturity level of libraries will make it possible to create appropriate rankings, as well as dashboards (interactive visualisation dashboards), which have increased visibility, decision-making power and motivate libraries to achieve goals in DT.
Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Projects for the Modernization of Libraries in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Mashukova Maria V. , Ruksha Gennadiy L.
Published: October 2023

Libraries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory take part in the regional project “Libraries of the Future” and the national project “Culture” (the federal project “Cultural Environment” in terms of creating model municipal libraries). In 2015—2022, a network of 60 modern municipal libraries was launched in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (the regional project “Libraries of the Future” — 45 institutions, the national project “Culture” — 15). Both projects enable participants to create new conditions to carry out their activities. At the same time, they are an effective tool for the realization of the state cultural policy. The article describes in detail the stages of project implementation. A comparative analysis of the features and advantages of the ongoing projects (competitive conditions, methodological support, funding volumes, main items of expenditure) is given.

The importance of the activity of libraries within the framework of the regional project “Libraries of the Future” and the national project “Culture” for creating the necessary conditions for the development of man and society was noted. Participation in the presented projects contributes to the improvement of library services, as evidenced by the growth of the main indicators of the institutions’ activities. The study presents the performance indicators of libraries before and after modernization, provides a comparative analysis of the efficiency of libraries (conventionally called “modernized” and “model”). The projects studied in this work are based on such concepts as “model” and “modernization”. The authors analyzed both directions of innovative development of libraries in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and concluded that the processes of creating model and modernized libraries, despite certain differences, affect each other.
The Role of Immersive Arts in Interpreting Traditional Cultural Phenomena
Authors: Zheng XiaoYi
Published: October 2023

Immersive art is a new form of media art that relies on the theory of stream of consciousness, on the stimulation of various human senses, often using light to achieve a deep psychological and physiological immersion of the audience in a trance-like empathy with the art. From the point of view of technical means it can be divided into virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality and expanded reality. The article analyses the problems of using technical means of immersive art, considers the advantages and disadvantages of its application in various cultural expositions. The questions arising when applying the means of immersive art to traditional culture (in this case to shamanic culture) are considered. The study finds that works of immersive art demonstrate contemporary culture much more often than traditional culture. Using the example of four technical tools in analysing works of immersive art, the author describes the problems that exist at this stage of its application. The aim of the work is to identify and consider the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating traditional meanings into virtual reality. The tasks of the work include: analysing technical means of immersive art, peculiarities of embodiment of traditional meanings in immersive art (on the example of shamanism). The author argues that virtual spaces created by immersive art are currently gravitating towards purely sensory experience and are not able to carry information about the connotation of meanings. In the process of creating works of immersive art, artists have their own understanding of shamanic culture and cannot reproduce shamanic rituals, so there is a problem of inability to interpret the cultural connotation and show the depth of the rich traditional shamanic culture.
Creation of a Miniature Painting Class as an Artistic Cultural Event
Authors: Pulikova Lyubov V.
Published: October 2023

The miniature painting class at the Imperial Academy of Arts existed for more than half a century, but no researcher has examined the prerequisites for its formation. Information about the class’s activities is sketchy, and the names and number of students remain unknown. From a review of the historiography on the subject it becomes clear that there are almost no documents devoted to the problem of teaching miniature painting at the Imperial Academy of Arts. Since the reign of Peter the Great, the miniature portrait has gone through several stages: a reward portrait depicting reigning persons (a distinctive sign that speaks of the special position and status of the awarded person); a fashion accessory, along with fans and snuff-boxes; finally, a portrait that can always be taken with you to preserve the image of your favorite person. By the middle of the 18th century, the chamber portrait was particularly popular among city dwellers, which met the new ideas about the value and special significance of private life and a person’s inner world. However, not only the fashion for miniature portraits contributed to the opening of the miniature painting class, one should not forget about the economic side of the issue, which was very relevant for the Academy. Children from poor families were accepted to study in the classes of the Academy of Arts, so that in one class, which was not the largest, the sons of apprentices, soldiers, church servants, merchants, musicians could study, and the material issue was not of secondary importance for them. That is why the question of transferring miniaturists to work at porcelain factories becomes very urgent. The creation of a class of miniature painting was a kind of response to the needs of the time, when with the advent of the XVIII century. Russia is gradually included in the pan-European development of artistic culture.
The Effect of External Electron Irradiation on the Properties of Simulated Borosilicate Glass from PDC MCC
Authors:   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Aloy A. S. , Karpovich N. F. ,   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Kovalev N. V. ,   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Prokoshin A. M. ,   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Koltsova T. I. ,   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Kretser Yu. L. ,   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Slastikhina P. V. ,   JSC V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute, Malchukova E. V. ,   А. F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Levitskiy V. S. ,   А. F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomasov B. N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, NTC “Nuclear Physics”
Published: October 2023

The paper summarizes the study on external electron irradiation effects produced on the properties and structure of modelled borosilicate glass from the Pilot Demonstration Center for Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing at the Mining and Chemical Combine (PDC MCC). The study showed that the glass structure parameters, amorphousness, density and Vickers hardness remained constant at absorbed doses of 108, 109 and 1010 Gy. Based on SEM/EPMA methods, the study demonstrates that sodium content at the post-irradiation stage tends to decrease in the surface layers of the glass samples to a depth of up to 5 microns considering all irradiation doses. Most significant decrease was observed at a dose of 1010 Gy. As compared with non-irradiated samples, water resistance of the glass exposed to 108 and 109 Gy remained unchanged. However, irradiation at a dose of 1010 Gy resulted in a lower water resistance of the samples potentially driven by their larger surface area interacting with water due to the large number of cracks.
Connecting Chemical Worlds – Context-based Learning Co-developed
Authors: Parchmann Ilka , Hansen Sandra , Diemel Paul , Heyn Timon , Grubert Antonia , Vollersen Anna
Published: October 2023

Chemistry as well as chemistry education often raise two different perceptions among non-experts: Chemistry (education) provides spectacular phenomena, experiments and entertainment, but is also perceived as incorporating high levels of risk and many different facts and rules. Students and teachers get more authentic insights and perceptions of the broad spectrum of science tasks, activities and people when working together, whereas scientists can better understand teachers´ and students´ perspectives with regard to content interests and learning processes at school and beyond.
Ein Lernposter zum Aufbau von Reinstoffen
Authors: Frey Jann , Hoffner Johannes
Published: October 2023

Pure chemical substances present a clearly defined area for teaching in which fundamental chemistry concepts can be treated didatically. However, the multitude of concepts involved can easily lead to misunderstandings. A graphical visualisation is presented that can help the students to understand the structure and the scope of the different concepts.
Molecules Are Not Enough! Overcoming Students’ Overgeneralization Tendencies by Comparing and Contrasting
Authors: Zwyssig Adrian
Published: October 2023

Many students assume a molecular structure for all substances, even after being instructed on the topic. But why do students struggle to understand key concepts like chemical bonding? One of the reasons is students’ tendency to overgeneralize: Students wrongfully transfer characteristics from familiar (e.g., molecular substances) to lesser-known concepts (e.g., ionic compounds). In this article, possible reasons behind this commonly observed tendency are discussed and a possible didactical solution is proposed. Comparing and contrasting approaches increased students’ ability to distinguish between similar concepts in mathematics.[1] The method of comparing and contrasting is therefore applied by simultaneously introducing the three types of chemical bonding to effectively tackle students’ overgeneralization tendencies.
Substances with a Single Visible Absorption Band Cannot Be Green
Authors: Funck Pierre
Published: October 2023

Some chemistry textbooks use an inappropriate colour model when discussing the colour of a substance that absorbs light at a specific wavelength. More specifically, these textbooks state that substances that absorb only in the violet end of the visible spectrum are green-yellow and substances that absorb only in the red end are blue-green. This paper presents a more accurate approach.
Lives in Chemistry: Inspirational Autobiographies
Authors: Wille Eva E.
Published: October 2023

On September 7th, 2021, the project “Lives in Chemistry” (LiC) became visible through the virtual global launch event l-i-c.org/launch.html.
Simultaneous Extraction of Intra- and Inter-Cycle Features for Predicting Lithium-Ion Battery's Knees Using Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Jaewook , Lee Jay H.
Published: October 2023

Early and accurate prediction of their degradation behavior helps investigate the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Charge-discharge cycling data can be used for this purpose, but simultaneous feature extraction regarding LIB’s intra- and inter-cycle behavior, despite its importance, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, machine learning methods are proposed to facilitate the simultaneous extraction of intra- and inter-cycle features from VIT cycling datasets for the knees prediction of LIBs. The length of each cycling data is made the same by realigning the data in terms of voltage or using zero-padding, depending on the type of dataset used. The cycling dataset is arranged as an array along the time and cycle axes before applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and/or recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for feature extraction. Three ways to use these nonlinear regression tools are explored, which are 2-dimensional CNN (2D CNN), RNN + 1-dimensional CNN (1D CNN), and RNN + 2D CNN. The performances of the resulting knees prediction models are evaluated using the benchmark dataset. Our results confirm the benefit of explicitly considering cycle-to-cycle behavior in conjunction with intra-cycle temporal behavior in building the data-driven prediction model. The possibility of reducing the input data requirement is examined to facilitate the early prediction of knees. It is shown that the input size can be reduced down to the first 60 cycles from 100 cycles with comparable prediction performance.
A Sequential Transition Metal and Organocatalytic Approach to the Enantioselective Synthesis of C2-spiroindoline Systems
Authors: Sah Pooja , Gond Aakash Kumar , Saini Gaurav , Kapur Manmohan
Published: October 2023

We report herein an organocatalyzed, enantioselective spirocyclization process for the construction of spiroindolines. This methodology creates a new avenue for the easy access to valuable C2-spiroindoline scaffolds bearing a quaternary stereocenter, via an aza-Michael addition reaction, wherein the acid additives play a role of dual functionality. The substrates for this key step were put together by an exo-selective, Pd-catalyzed gamma-arylation of silyldienol ethers of the corresponding cyclohexenones. A close alliance between a low catalyst loading and a sluggish reaction yields the spiroindolines in very good enantioselectivity.
Crystal Structure Reveals the Binding Mode and Selectivity of a Photoswitchable Ligand for the Adenosine A2A Receptor
Authors: Araya Tsuyoshi , Matsuba Yuya , Suzuki Harufumi , Doura Tomohiro , Nuemket Nipawan , Nango Eriko , Yamamoto Masaki , Im Dohyun , Asada Hidetsugu , Kiyonaka Shigeki , Iwata So
Published: October 2023

Rational synthetic expansion of photoresponsive ligands is important for photopharmacological studies. In this study, the photoresponsive and receptor-selective ligand, photoNECA(blue), was synthesized for the adenosine A2A receptor, and its crystal structure was determined. This complex structure explains the binding mode and photoresponsive mechanism of photoNECA(blue).
Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of U(IV) trans-bis(Wittig) Adducts Across the UX4 Halide Series
Authors: MacGregor Frank , Metta Alejandro , Fortier Skye
Published: October 2023

Addition of 2 equiv. of the Wittig reagents CH2PAr3 (Ar = Ph; 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl (tBuAr)) to the tetravalent uranium halides, UX4(solvent)n (X = Cl, n = 0; X = Br, solvent = THF, n = 2; X = I, solvent = 1,4-dioxane, n = 2), generates the trans-bis(Wittig) adducts UX4(CH2PAr3)2 (Ar = Ph, X = Cl (1Ph-Cl), I (1Ph-I); Ar = tBuAr, X = Cl (2tBu-Cl), Br (2tBu-Br), I (2tBu-I)) in low to good yields. Complexes 1Ph-X exhibit poor solubility in aromatic solvents but are partially soluble in 1,2-difluorobenzene, while 2tBu-X possesses greatly improved solubility in these solvents. In all cases, 1Ph-X and 2tBu-X are sensitive to polar coordinating solvents, such as THF or DME, decomposing in these solutions to intractable products. The solid-state molecular structures of 1Ph-XꞏC7H8 and 2tBu-Xꞏn(o-DFB), reveal U-CWittig bonds that range from = 2.506(3) – 2.58(1) Å, generally shorter than those found in other uranium-Wittig (2.60(1) – 2.71(1) Å) and untethered, monodentate U-CNHC (2.62(1) – 2.79(1) Å) complexes. Notably, a general contraction of the U-CWittig bond is observed in the UX4(CH2PAr3)2 as the halide series is descended, which may be attributable to the poorer π-donation of the heavier halides that gives rise to increased Lewis acidity at the uranium center that results in contraction of the U-CWittig bond. Attempts to oxidize 2tBu-Cl with Ag+ or Fc+ salts leads to complicated product mixtures from which a few crystals of {[(tBuAr)3PCH2]UCl3(μ-Cl)}2·C7H8 can be isolated, whereas addition of the reductant Cp*2Co to 2tBu-I, in the presence of an extra equiv. of CH2P(tBuAr)3, leads to the formation of the highly encumbered U(III) tris(Wittig) adduct UI3[CH2P(tBuAr)3]3 (3tBu-I). Preliminary experiments show these complexes are amenable to substitution reactions as treatment of 2tBu-Cl with 2 equiv. of LiCH2SiMe3 generates the thermally sensitive bis(alkyl) bis(Wittig) complex trans-UCl2[CH2P(tBuAr)3]2(CH2SiMe3)2 (4tBu-TMS), a mixed ylide-alkyl system featuring distinct U-CWittig and U-Calkyl σ-bonds. This chemistry demonstrates that untethered, neutral Wittig ligands, when coordinated to uranium, are compatible with redox transformations and metathesis reactions. The report of these UX4(CH2PAr3)2 complexes significantly expands the library of known uranium-Wittig compounds and contributes to the relatively small collection of uranium complexes featuring neutral C-donor ligands.
Selective C(sp3)–H Arylation/Alkylation of Alkanes Enabled by Paired Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zou Long , Xiang Siqi , Sun Rui , lu qingquan
Published: October 2023

We report a combination of electrocatalysis and photoredox catalysis to perform selective C(sp3)–H arylation/alkylation of alkanes for the first time, in which a binary catalytic system based on earth-abundant iron and nickel is applied. Reaction selectivity between two-component C(sp3)–H arylation and three-component C(sp3)–H alkylation is tuned by modulating the applied current and light source. Importantly, an ultra-low anodic potential (~0.23 V vs. Ag/AgCl) is applied in this protocol, thus enabling compatibility with a variety of functional groups (> 70 examples). The robustness of the method is further demonstrated on a preparative scale and applied to late-stage diversification of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives.
Dynamics of Methyl Radical Formation Following 266 nm Dissociative Photoionization of Dimethyl- and Trimethyl- Pyridines
Authors: Singh Sumitra , Kawade Monali , Patwari G Naresh
Published: October 2023

The 266 nm photolysis of various positional isomers of dimethylpyridines (DMPs) and trimethylpyridine (TMP) was investigated by measuring the translational energy distribution of methyl radical following {sp2}C−C{sp3} bond dissociation. The observed translational energy distribution is attributed to the dissociative photoionization in the cationic ground state following [1+1+1] three-photon absorption. The translational energy distribution profiles of the methyl radical were broad with the maximum translation energy in the excess of 2 eV, which originates due to the dissociation of {sp2}C−C{sp3} bond ortho to nitrogen atom in the ring. The dynamics of {sp2}C−C{sp3} bond dissociation in the cationic ground state of methyl pyridines is marginally dependent on the number and position of the methyl groups, however is site selective with preferential cleavage of the C−C bond in the ortho position to the pyridinic nitrogen atom.
Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Cross-Electrophile C(sp2)-C(sp3) Coupling via a NiII Aryl Amido Intermediate
Authors: Luo Jian , Davenport Michael , Ess Daniel , Liu Tianbiao
Published: October 2023

Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) between aryl halides and alkyl halides is a streamlined approach for C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond construction, which is highly valuable in medicinal chemistry. Based on a key NiII aryl amido intermediate, we developed a highly selective and scalable Ni-catalyzed electrochemical XEC reaction between (hetero)aryl halides and primary and secondary alkyl halides. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that in the presence of a polypyridine primary ligand and an amine secondary ligand, there is in-situ formation of a NiII aryl amido intermediate. The NiII aryl amido intermediate stabilizes the NiII−aryl species to prevent the aryl−aryl homo-coupling side reactions and acts as a catalyst to activate the alkyl bromide substrates. This electrosynthesis system provides a facile and practical platform for the formation of (hetero)aryl−alkyl bonds using standard Ni catalysts under mild conditions, and the system is amenable to scalable flow synthesis.
Photocatalytic Generation of Alkyl Carbanions from Alkenes
Authors: Czyz Milena , Horngren Tyra , Kondopoulos Andrew , Franov Liam , Forni José , Pham Le Nhan , Coote Michelle , Polyzos Anastasios
Published: October 2023

Organometallic reagents are routinely used as fundamental building blocks in organic chemistry to rapidly diversify molecular fragments via carbanion intermediates. However the catalytic generation of carbanion equivalents particularly from sp3-hybridized alkyl scaffolds, remains an underdeveloped goal in chemical synthesis. To align with the demands of modern synthetic protocols, a general method for the catalytic generation of alkyl carbanions must operate under benign reaction conditions and access commercially available feedstock chemicals. Alkenes constitute an attractive source of latent alkyl carbanion equivalents, however methods for the conversion of carbon-carbon bonds into carbanions is challenged by the need for precious metals and aggressive stoichiometric reductants. Here we disclose an approach for the controlled generation of 2-electron carbon nucleophiles via single electron reduction of aryl alkenes, facilitated by the highly reducing environment of multiphoton photoredox catalysts. We demonstrate that alkene radical anions engage in catalytic, metal free, intermolecular C-C bond-forming reactions with carbonyl derivatives, in a manner analogous to Grignard reagents. Under this reaction manifold, the alkene can be considered a dicarbanion synthon offering new opportunities for orthogonal diversification. This concept was illustrated by the development of four distinct C-C bond forming reactions with aromatic alkenes: hydroalkoxylation, hydroamidation, aminoalkylation and carboxyaminoalkylation, to generate a range of valuable and complex scaffolds.
Atomistic Insights into Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Capsule Self-Assembly Dynamics
Authors: Capelli Riccardo , Piccini GiovanniMaria
Published: October 2023

In this work, we have delved into the intricate assembly dynamics of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular calixarene capsules, particularly focusing on the disparities between resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes. Through enhanced sampling simulations, we have mapped out the fundamental thermodynamic, structural, and mechanistic details governing the assembly of these capsules in apolar solvents. Notably, our findings highlight the paramount influence of dimer formations, mediated substantially by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, we have observed that water plays an instrumental role in the assembly of resorcinarene, though its kinetic contribution is mitigated by its swift diffusion. Solvent encapsulation analysis suggests that pyrogallolarene capsules can accommodate more solvent molecules relative to their resorcinarene counterparts, an attribute most likely resultant from the absence of water in pyrogallolarene structures. These insights not only offer a detailed understanding of the calixarene assembly dynamics but also showcase the potential adaptability of the methodology to other assembly systems, thereby propelling its implications into broader chemical and biological domains.
Photoredox-Driven Three-Component Coupling of Aryl Halides, Olefins, and O2
Authors: Maust Mark , Blakey Simon
Published: October 2023

Modern organic synthesis requires methodologies that bring together abundant, feedstock chemicals in a mild and efficient manner. To aid in this effort, we have developed a multicomponent radical hydroxyarylation reaction that utilizes aryl hal-ides, olefins, and O2 as the reaction components. Crucial to this advance was an oxidative rather than reductive approach to aryl radical generation, which enables reaction tolerance to O2. This methodology displays a broad functional group tolerance with a variety of functionalized aryl halides and a broad array of olefins. Development of this methodology enables rapid access to biologically relevant hydroxyaryl products from simple, commercially available starting materials.
Heather pollen is not necessarily a healthy diet for bumble bees
Authors: Tourbez Clément , Semay Irène , Michel Apolline , Michez Denis , Gerbaux Pascal , Gekière Antoine , Vanderplanck Maryse
Published: October 2023

There is evidence that specialised metabolites of flowering plants occur in both vegetative parts and floral resources (i.e., pollen and nectar), exposing pollinators to their biological activities. While such metabolites may be toxic to bees, it may also help them to deal with environmental stressors. One example is heather nectar which has been shown to limit bumble bee infection by a trypanosomatid parasite, Crithidia sp., because of callunene activity. Besides in nectar, heather harbours high content of specialised metabolites in pollen such as flavonoids but they have been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of Crithidia sp., heather pollen and its flavonoids on bumble bees using non-parasitised and parasitised microcolonies fed either control pollen diet (i.e., willow pollen), heather pollen diet, or flavonoid-supplemented pollen diet. We found that heather pollen and its flavonoids significantly affected microcolonies by decreasing pollen collection as well as offspring production, and by increasing male fat body content while parasite exposure had no significant effect except for an increase in male fat body. We did not find any medicinal effect of heather pollen or its flavonoids on parasitised bumble bees. Our results provide insights into the impact of pollen specialised metabolites on heather-bumble bee-parasite interactions. They underline the contrasting roles of the two floral resources for bumble bees and emphasize the importance of considering both nectar and pollen when addressing medicinal effects of a plant for pollinators.
Pengendalian Kualitas Produksi Lembaran Baja Melalui Klasifikasi Jenis Cacat Permukaan Menggunakan CNN
Authors: Indarti Dina
Published: October 2023

Pengendalian kualitas produksi lembaran baja dengan persepsi visual manusia sering kali terjadi kesalahan dan membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama. Implementasi deep learning dalam pengendalian kualitas produksi lembaran baja dapat memiliki akurasi yang baik dan dilakukan secara real-time. Klasifikasi jenis cacat permukaan pada lembaran baja merupakan hal yang penting dalam pengendalian kualitas produksi lembaran baja secara otomatis. Dengan mengklasifikasikan jenis cacat menggunakan deep learning dapat mengidentifikasi dan menghilangkan penyebab terjadinya cacat saat produksi lembaran baja dengan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengendalikan kualitas produksi lembaran baja secara otomatis melalui klasifikasi jenis cacat permukaan menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Model CNN yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu CNN dengan transfer learning dari 5 pre-trained model Resnet50, VGG-16, VGG-19, Inception V3, dan Xception. Terdapat 6 jenis cacat permukaan yang diklasifikasikan yaitu crazing, inclusion, pitted, patches, rolled, dan scratch. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengambilan data citra lembaran baja yang memiliki cacat permukaan. Jumlah citra yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1.800 citra terdiri dari 1.152 data pelatihan, 288 data validasi, dan 360 data pengujian. Selanjutnya dilakukan preprocessing yaitu normalisasi, augmentasi, dan one-hot encoding. Setelah preprocessing dilakukan pelatihan dan validasi menggunakan transfer learning dari 5 pre-trained model. Model hasil pelatihan digunakan pada tahap pengujian. Hasil pelatihan dan validasi menunjukkan bahwa Xception memiliki kinerja terbaik karena nilai akurasi pelatihan dan validasi tertinggi, nilai loss pelatihan dan validasi terendah, serta GAP validasi dan loss terendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa transfer learning dari pre-trained model Xception memiliki kinerja terbaik dengan akurasi sebesar 98%.
Perilaku Berisiko pada Pengemudi Mobil Berdasarkan Data Demografis
Authors: Putri Dian Kemala , Mulyani Indah , Sekarwati Kemal Ade
Published: October 2023

Penyebab terbesar kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor adalah faktor manusia, salah satunya adalah perilaku mengemudi yang berisiko atau dikenal dengan istilah risky driving behavior. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai perilaku mengemudi sebagian pengendara mobil dan melihat faktor demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, lama mengemudi, jenis kendaraan) yang melatarbelakanginya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan uji beda pada kelompok partisipan. Hasil analisis pada 108 pengemudi mobil sebagai partisipan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia dan jenis kelamin adalah faktor yang bisa menyebabkan pengemudi mobil menunjukkan perilaku mengemudi yang berisiko (mengebut, mengubah jalur kendaraan, dan menyalip kendaraan di depan). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki lebih cenderung melakukan perilaku mengemudi berisiko serta semakin bertambahnya usia maka semakin berkurang kecenderungan pengemudi untuk menunjukkan perilaku mengemudi yang berisiko.
Professor Iniciante no Ensino Fundamental: revisão bibliográfica das Teses e Dissertações da CAPES
Authors: Cardoso Francisca Maria Nascimento , Raimann Ari
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo teve como intuito analisar as produções científicas localizadas no Banco de teses e dissertações da CAPES acerca do objeto de estudo Professor Iniciante no Ensino Fundamental, considerando os seus diferentes objetivos, referenciais teórico-metodológicos e os seus resultados. Por meio do levantamento bibliográfico, foram escolhidas para análise quatro dissertações e duas teses. A partir da análise verificou-se que há uma predominância de estudos que investigam o desenvolvimento profissional do professor iniciante; a construção da identidade profissional; e a prática pedagógica. Também foi indicado que as teses e dissertações, em sua maioria, não discutem o trabalho docente do professor iniciante sob a égide do sistema capitalista. Utilizamos como suporte teórico: Mascarenhas (2005); Vaz e Favaro (2010); Martins (2004); Saviani (2011); Lima (2010); Rossler (2012) e Guarda (2016).
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI KINEMASTER SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPS KELAS III SD MUHAMMADIYAH RAMBAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Putri Widiana Eka , Mudinillah Adam
Published: October 2023

Hasil dari penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa jauh dalam penerapan penggunaan aplikasi kinemaster pada pembelajaran Ips. Pada pandemi covid 19 ini Pemerintah mewajibkan setiap sekolah untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran secara online atau pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ), sehingga peserta didik dituntut untuk menggunakan aplikasi kinemaster dalam pembuatan video berbasis yang berbasis perangkat bergerak. Aplikasi kinemaster adalah aplikasi yang favorit dalam pembuatan video bertujuan untuk memudahkan dalam pembuatan video. Penelitian ini dilalukan kepada pendidik.dalam pembuatan video. Media pembelajaran ini sangat mendukung model pembelajaran, aplikasi kinemaster dalam membuat media pembelajaran sangat dibutkan oleh seorang guru dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran yang akan dibahas.  Dengan pmenggunakan aplikasi kinemaster guru bisa mendesain proses pembelajaran sekreatif mungkin hingga menarik sehingga siswa tidak mudah bosan untuk melihatnya. Dalam penggunakan aplikasi kinemaster ini dilakukan dengan metode diskusi secara kelompok, masing-masing kelompok dua orang dan diskusi bersama guru, guru dan siswa mendiskusikan metode apa yang cocok dalam pembuatang video, dan media apa saja yang menarik dibuat dalam video tersebut. Dalam diskusi ini membahas sejauh mana siswa mengetahu aplikasi kinemaster dan apa saja yang diketahui siswa tentang kinemaster seperti fitur, transisi dan lain-lain, ada juga yang perlu diketahui sampai mana siswa mengetahui cara pengeditan video di aplikasi kinemaster ini. Tujuan dari kegiatan kelompok ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam berkreasi untuk menciptakan media pbelajaran menggunakan aplikasi kinemaster. Hasil dari pembuatan video tersebut menggunakan aplikasi kinemaster bisa menambah wawasan peserta didik maipun guru dalam penggunaan aplikasi kinemaster.
Uso de apósito hidrogel e hidrocoloide en el tratamiento de ulceras por presión
Authors: Toscano Flores Joselyn Dayana , Cusme Torres Nadihezka Amanda
Published: October 2023

La presente revisión sistemática se enfocó en el tratamiento de úlceras por presión mediante el uso de apósitos de hidrogel y apósitos hidrocoloides, considerando una población de 1119 artículos y una muestra de 16 artículos seleccionados. Los objetivos se centraron en identificar las principales bases de datos científicas, realizar una búsqueda precisa utilizando operadores booleanos y una pregunta estructurada PICO, y analizar los documentos seleccionados para obtener conclusiones significativas. Los resultados revelaron que ambos tipos de apósitos son efectivos en la cicatrización y curación de heridas, destacando ventajas específicas de cada tipo. La metodología utilizada demostró ser eficiente en la obtención de información relevante y precisa, proporcionando una base sólida para la toma de decisiones clínicas y futuras investigaciones en el campo de las úlceras por presión.
Technological process of grain molasses production: ways to optimize
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Nechaev Vladimir N.
Published: October 2023

Enriching the diet of cows with grain molasses increases the energy value of forage. Lack of data on the grain crumbling force acting in the process of fodder preparation; viscosity and fluidity of grain molasses depending on the type of cereal crop prevents finding possible ways to improve grain molasses production. To solve this problem, the author compared physical and mechanical characteristics of the grain of spring barley (the Raushan variety), winter rye (the Grafinya variety), and spring wheat (the Moskovskaya 35 variety) on the force of crumbling. The study proved that the maximum force of grain crumbling (10 N) is characteristic of barley (1.06 times more than winter rye and 2.00 times more than spring wheat). It was also found that the use of a passive grain crusher with a grating accelerates grain crushing by 15.0% on average. The study revealed the relationship between the force of grain crumbling, circulation time of water-grain mixture in the water circuit of the plant, temperature, kinematic viscosity of water-grain mixture, and the fluidity of grain molasses. The maximum viscosity potential of the water-grain mixture was observed in the temperature range of 34 to 56°C, and the viscosity of water-rye mixture was higher than that of water-wheat and water-barley mixtures. It was found that the use of crushed grain increases the starting value of the mixture viscosity by 10 times as compared to the whole grain. However, at 60°C this difference does not exceed 4% (as exemplified by spring barley). The kinematic viscosity of the finished product during post-fermentation for wheat and barley molasses increases in 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, while for rye molasses it decreases in 1.2 times. The fluidity of wheat molasses is 0.129∙10-3 сP-1 , rye - 0.53∙10‑3 сP-1 , barley - 0.3∙10‑3 сP-1 . To optimize grain molasses production, it is necessary to feed crushed barley into the technological container, or feed whole barley at water temperature less than 30°C; reduce the percentage ratio of wheat grain to water during feeding or add water at the end of the working process