bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contributes to neuropathic pain by aggravating NF‐κB and glial cells activation‐mediated neuroinflammation via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Jiao Bo , Zhang Wencui , Zhang Caixia , Zhang Kaiwen , Cao Xueqin , Yu Shangchen , Zhang Xianwei
Published: February 2024

Background

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and highly debilitating condition that impacts millions of individuals globally. Neuroinflammation is considered a key factor in the development of neuropathic pain. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the specific involvement of PTP1B in neuropathic pain remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine the impact of PTP1B on neuropathic pain and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated.

Methods

In the current study, we evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of male rats following spared nerve injury (SNI) to assess the presence of neuropathic pain. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy techniques were employed.

Results

Our results showed that SNI significantly elevated PTP1B levels, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (BIP, p‐PERK, p‐IRE1α, and ATF6) and phosphorylated NF‐κB in the spinal dorsal horn. SNI‐induced mechanical allodynia was impaired by the treatment of intrathecal injection of PTP1B siRNA or PTP1B‐IN‐1, a specific inhibitor of PTP1B. Moreover, the intrathecal administration of PTP1B‐IN‐1 effectively suppressed the expression of ER stress markers (BIP, p‐PERK/p‐eIF2α, p‐IRE1α, and ATF6), leading to the inhibition of NF‐κB, microglia, and astrocytes activation, as well as a decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β. However, these effects were reversed by intrathecal administration of tunicamycin (Tm, an inducer of ER stress). Additionally, intrathecal administration of Tm in healthy rats resulted in the development of mechanical allodynia and the activation of NF‐κB‐mediated neuroinflammatory signaling.

Conclusions

The upregulation of PTP1B induced by SNI facilitates the activation of NF‐κB and glial cells via ER stress in the spinal dorsal horn. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting PTP1B could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates neuroinflammation by inhibiting TRPV4 channel in ischemic stroke
Authors: Ren Xueqi , Gao Xinyi , Li Ziqing , Ding Yangyang , Xu Ao , Du Lixia , Yang Yufang , Wang Deheng , Wang Zhifei , Shu Shi
Published: February 2024

Aims

We investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Shuigou (GV26) and Baihui (GV20) acupoints in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods

We assessed the therapeutic effects of EA on MCAO mice through behavioral studies and TTC staining. Various techniques, such as RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blots, were employed to evaluate the activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages, and changes in the TRPV4 ion channel. We used the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 (GSK219) to verify the involvement of TRPV4 in the therapeutic effects of EA.

Results

EA effectively improved neurological impairments and reduced cerebral infarction volume in MCAO mice. It suppressed activated microglia/macrophages and inhibited their polarization toward the M1 phenotype post‐MCAO. EA also downregulated the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including Tnf‐α, Il‐6, Il‐1β, and Ccl‐2 mRNA. Furthermore, EA reduced the elevated expression of TRPV4 following MCAO. Treatment with the TRPV4 antagonist GSK219 mirrored the effects of EA in MCAO mice. Notably, the combination of EA and GSK219 did not demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect.

Conclusion

EA may inhibit neuroinflammation and exhibit a protective effect against ischemic brain injury by suppressing TRPV4 and the subsequent M1 polarization of microglia/macrophages.
The alleviative effects comparison of four flavonoids from bamboo leaves on ulcerative colitis in an Alzheimer mouse model
Authors: Zhang Taiyu , Jia Cuicui , Ran Longyi , Shi Jiarui , Amarmend Tsendsuren , Li Huiying
Published: February 2024

Background

Clinically, patients with dementia are at high risk of developing enteritis, especially those with AD. This study explored the potential therapeutic benefits of bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model.

Methods

Various methods were employed, including pathological staining of brain/colon tissue, inflammatory cytokine detection in serum, and oxidative stress indicator assessment to compare ulcerative enteritis (UC) injury in normal and AD mice and determine whether AD mice were susceptible to colitis. Then, the effects of BLF on UC and AD were investigated via several unique indices further to determine whether it alleviated colitis injury and possessed beneficial properties. Moreover, four main components of BLF were utilized to treat primary colon epithelial cells and neuron cells to compare their effects in alleviating inflammation and oxidation. Furthermore, homoorientin embedded with ursolic acid was detected by HPLC and the in vitro release simulation experiments of the nanoparticles were performed.

Results

BLF complexes positively impacted ulcerative colitis by reducing disease activity, it also helped to reduce inflammation. Moreover, the BLF complexes decreased oxidative stress in the brain and colon tissues, indicating its potential as a neuroprotective agent. The flavonoid complexes reduced the expression levels of GFAP, Iba‐1, and Aβ in the brain tissue, highlighting its role in attenuating neuroinflammation and AD pathology. Additionally, the embedded homoorientin coated with ursolic acid showed stronger bioactivities when compared with the uncoated group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that BLF complexes and its four main chemicals may be useful for treating AD‐ and UC‐related complications, the embedded homoorientin coated with ursolic acid even demonstrated stronger bioavailability than homoorientin. Considering BLF complexes were verified to suppress the progressions of AD and UC for the first time, and the embedded homoorientin was never reported in published articles, the present study might provide a new perspective on its potential applications.
ACTION APAC: Understanding perceptions, attitudes and behaviours in obesity and its management across south and Southeast Asia
Authors: Tham Kwang Wei , Ahmed Asma , Boonyavarakul Apussanee , Garcia Mariana Mercado , Guajardo Miroslava , Hanipah Zubaidah Nor , Nam Tran Quang , Nicodemus Nemencio A. , Pathan Faruque , Romano Jack Garcia Uranga , Soegonda Sidartawan , Tolentino Edgardo L. , Unnikrishnan Ambika Gopalakrishnan (A. G). , Oldfield Brian J.
Published: February 2024

To identify perceptions and attitudes among people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) toward obesity and its management in nine Asia‐Pacific (APAC) countries, a cross‐sectional online survey was conducted among adult PwO with self‐reported body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 (≥27 kg/m2, Singapore), and HCPs involved in direct patient care. In total, 10 429 PwO and 1901 HCPs completed the survey. Most PwO (68%) and HCPs (84%) agreed that obesity is a disease; however, a significant proportion of PwO (63%) and HCPs (41%) believed weight loss was the complete responsibility of PwO and only 43% of PwO discussed weight with an HCP in the prior 5 years. Most respondents acknowledged that weight loss would be extremely beneficial to PwO's overall health (PwO 76%, HCPs 85%), although nearly half (45%) of PwO misperceived themselves as overweight or of normal weight. Obesity was perceived by PwO (58%) and HCPs (53%) to negatively impact PwO forming romantic relationships. HCPs cited PwOs' lack of interest (41%) and poor motivation (37%) to lose weight as top reasons for not discussing weight. Most PwO (65%) preferred lifestyle changes over medications to lose weight. PwO and HCPs agreed that lack of exercise and unhealthy eating habits were the major barriers to weight loss. Our data highlights a discordance between the understanding of obesity as a disease and the actual behaviour and preferred approaches to manage it among PwO and HCPs. The study addresses a need to align these gaps to deliver optimal care for PwO.
The challenge of assessing the effects of drifting fish aggregating devices on the behaviour and biology of tropical tuna
Authors: Dupaix Amaël , Ménard Frédéric , Filmalter John D. , Baidai Yannick , Bodin Nathalie , Capello Manuela , Chassot Emmanuel , Demarcq Hervé , Deneubourg Jean‐Louis , Fonteneau Alain , Forget Fabien , Forrestal Francesca , Gaertner Daniel , Hall Martin , Holland Kim N. , Itano David , Kaplan David Michael , Lopez Jon , Marsac Francis , Maufroy Alexandra , Moreno Gala , Muir Jeff A. , Murua Hilario , Roa‐Pascuali Liliana , Pérez Géraldine , Restrepo Victor , Robert Marianne , Schaefer Kurt M. , Sempo Grégory , Soria Marc , Dagorn Laurent
Published: February 2024

Fishers have intensively used drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs) over the last three decades to facilitate their catch of tropical tunas. DFADs increase purse‐seine efficiency, potentially increasing tuna fishing mortality. They could also have impacts on tuna natural mortality and reproductive potential, and assessing the consequences of their presence at sea on tuna populations is a challenge. The use of DFADs results in a major increase in the number of floating objects, which are spatially heterogeneous at sea. To date, no converging scientific results exist regarding the effects of DFADs on the large‐scale movements and behaviour of tuna, mainly due to the difficulty of disentangling the respective roles of DFADs and environmental factors. Some biological indices show that tuna condition is lower when associated to a floating object than in a free‐swimming school. However, it is not clear whether this is the cause or the consequence of the association nor if it has long‐term effects on individuals' fitness. Further scientific progress requires (i) the collection of time series of indicators to monitor habitat change, individual behaviour, individual fitness, and population dynamics and (ii) experimental studies to identify the underlying behavioural and biological processes involved in associative behaviour. The extent of the modification of the surface habitat by the massive deployment of DFADs and the current uncertainty of the possible long‐term consequences on the individual fitness and dynamics of tuna populations argue for the need for increased awareness of this issue by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations regulating tuna fishing.
What determines mate choices? Heterospecific mating in Sympetrum dragonflies
Authors: Kornová Veronika , Bílková Eva , Pyszko Petr , Dolný Aleš , Ožana Stanislav
Published: February 2024

Heterospecific interactions are an important phenomenon of animal epigamic behaviour; however, they remain understudied within important groups, such as insects. Dragonflies are an ideal group for research on interspecific mating and possible hybridisation as they are easily identifiable, large insects, with a conspicuous mating process, often striking territorial behaviour and several mating systems.

Using the genus Sympetrum as the model group, we examined heterospecific mating at three different levels. In the field, we identified whether species identity, time and weather affected heterospecific mating frequency. One important part of heterospecific mating is whether the process is completed. For dragonflies, this means that flying in tandem is followed by successful copulation, gamete fusion and oviposition (which comprise mating completeness). In a mesocosm experiment, we determined mating completeness (tandems, copulation, oviposition) of hetero‐ and homospecific pairs and the possible role of species density in heterospecific mating. In the laboratory, we compared the viability of the offspring from heterospecific pairs with different epigamous behaviour.

We found heterospecific mating to be a relatively common phenomenon unaffected by environmental variables, that was primarily influenced by species identity, temporal distribution and abundance of dragonfly species. Consequently, the presence of counterparts of other species is the main predictor of the frequency of heterospecific mating.

The probability of completed epigamic behaviour (copulation and subsequent oviposition) connected with gamete fusion is lower in heterospecific mating. Generally, based on our results we can assume that successful heterospecific mating (leading to gamete fusion) occurs in closely related species (e.g., Sympetrum striolatum and Sympetrum vulgatum). However, as pre‐copulatory barriers are not strongly developed in some dragonfly groups, less closely related species (e.g., Sympetrum sanguineum and S. striolatum) also may mate. This phenomenon requires further study as it may present a threat to the survival of some species in the context of changing environmental conditions, including climate change.
Native forbs interseeded into native grass pastures persist under grazing
Authors: Richwine Jonathan D. , Keyser Patrick D. , Zobel John M. , Walker Forbes R.
Published: February 2024

Incorporating native forbs within native warm‐season grass (NWSG) pastures has the potential to benefit cattle, pollinators, and wildlife beyond that of NWSG monocultures. However, when grazing NWSG pastures, rotational stocking is recommended as opposed to continuous stocking. Therefore, to evaluate whether within‐season rest is needed for native pasture sustainability, two NWSG grazing experiments were conducted near Greeneville, TN, 2017–2020, to assess the persistence of native forbs when an 11‐species native forb blend was interseeded into established switchgrass (SG; Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem/indiangrass (BBIG; Andropogon gerardii Vitman and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash) pastures. Each experiment was a completely randomized design with four replicates of each within‐season rest grazing treatment (no rest, early rest, middle rest, late rest, and no graze). Within‐season rest was not influential for NWSG tiller density or total forb plant density thus indicating persistence of forbs may not require rotational stocking. Purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) did not establish while Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald) was only observed flowering once despite having the greatest seeding rate among forbs. Based on establishment and flowering of the 11 species in the current mixture, interseeding a 6‐species polyculture of black‐eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.), dixie ticktrefoil (Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.), eastern purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.), Maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani Schrad.), and oxeye sunflower (Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet) could allow for plant biodiversity while offering floral resources for pollinators during the NWSG grazing season.
Retro review: four lost journals
Authors: Donovan S. Kenneth
Published: February 2024

New academic journals come, but some old journals have gone, sad to say. Four contrasting journals that blossomed since the mid‐1950s and subsequently vanished are discussed here. The demise of these journals is linked to failing enthusiasm of one form or another, by subscribers, publishers or contributors. Money was often an issue. All were worthy and would form a valid part of the modern diversity of geological publications if only they had survived.
Eclogites
Authors: Halama Ralf
Published: February 2024

The beauty of an eclogite is something to behold: any petrologist marvels in the combination of red garnet and green omphacite that are the main mineral constituents of the rock. But besides their stunning appearance, there is much more to eclogites: fundamental concepts in metamorphic petrology and geodynamics were developed based on scientific investigations of eclogites. It is well established that they derive from precursor rocks of basaltic composition and form under high‐pressure conditions at more than c. 45 km depth, but other aspects of their occurrences and geological significance remain debated. The relative scarcity of eclogites among crustal rocks renders them largely unknown to the layperson, so following the 200th anniversary of the term eclogite in 2022, there is an opportunity to take a closer look at this fascinating rock.
Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter bilis in liver and biliary cancers from ATBC and PLCO
Authors: Murphy Gwen , Freedman Neal D. , Abnet Christian C. , Albanes Demetrius , Cross Amanda J. , Huang Wen‐Yi , Koshiol Jill , McGlynn Katherine , Parisi Dominick , Männistö Satu , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Waterboer Tim , Butt Julia
Published: February 2024

Background

Helicobacter species (spp.) have been detected in human bile and hepatobiliary tissue Helicobacter spp. promote gallstone formation and hepatobiliary tumors in laboratory studies, though it remains unclear whether Helicobacter spp. contribute to these cancers in humans. We used a multiplex panel to assess whether seropositivity to Helicobacter (H.) hepaticus or H. bilis proteins was associated with the development of hepatobiliary cancers in the Finnish Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, and US‐based Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO).

Methods

We included 62 biliary and 121 liver cancers, and 190 age‐matched controls from ATBC and 74 biliary and 105 liver cancers, and 364 age‐ and sex‐matched controls from PLCO. Seropositivity to 14 H. hepaticus and H. bilis antigens was measured using a multiplex assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for major hepatobiliary cancer risk factors and Helicobacter pylori serostatus.

Results

Seropositivity to the H. bilis antigen, P167D, was associated with more than a twofold higher risk of liver cancer (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.36) and seropositivity to the H. hepaticus antigens HH0407 or HH1201, or H. bilis antigen, HRAG 01470 were associated with higher risk of biliary cancer (OR: 5.01; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.40; OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.00, 5.76; OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.14, 9.34, respectively) within PLCO. No associations for any of the H. hepaticus or H. bilis antigens were noted for liver or biliary cancers within ATBC.

Conclusions

Further investigations in cohort studies should examine the role of Helicobacter spp. in the etiology of liver and biliary cancers.
Beyond the asylum‐applications growth. The limits of the Spanish refugee reception program
Authors: Iglesias Juan , Bermejo Rut , Bazaga Isabel
Published: February 2024

Based on two extended qualitative research projects conducted between 2017 and 2022, this paper analyses the refugee reception programme (RP) in Spain, which is managed both by the central state and some specialised social organisations. This cross‐sectoral RP presents notable and enduring problems, which have deepened since the increase in asylum applications during the so‐called European refugee crisis in 2015. This paper affirms that, although this increase in asylum seekers represents a serious challenge, the persistent shortcomings of the RP are better explained by a set of structural factors related to (1) the restrictive institutional model of asylum and immigration policy, (2) the lack of development of the RP, its dispersal policy and its social intervention design, (3) the lack of multilevel governance between the State and the municipalities and regional administration and (4) the current neoliberal and nativist policies.
How do consumers make behavioural decisions on social commerce platforms? The interaction effect between behaviour visibility and social needs
Authors: Jia Yanli , Liu Libo , Lowry Paul Benjamin
Published: February 2024

The online phenomenon of social commerce (i.e., s‐commerce) platforms has emerged as a combination of online social networking and e‐commerce. On s‐commerce platforms, consumers can observe others' behavioural decisions and can distinguish those made by their friends from those made by their followees (i.e., the people a focal consumer follows but who do not follow that consumer back). Given this distinction, our study examines how consumers' behavioural decisions—regarding, for example, purchases, ratings, or “likes”—are made on s‐commerce platforms, with a focus on how they are influenced by prior decisions of friends and followees. Combining panel data from a large s‐commerce platform and two controlled experiments, we identify a strong normative social influence pattern in which consumers tend to follow others' prior decisions to gain social approval. Because the occurrence of normative social influence depends on both consumer behaviours with high public visibility and strong consumer needs to establish social ties, the unique information concerning behaviour visibility and consumers' social needs in the panel data allows us to identify normative social influence and to distinguish it from informational confounding mechanisms. Our panel data results show that on a friend network, where consumers' behavioural decisions are visible, females exhibit a greater tendency to follow others' prior decisions than males. We attribute this result to the stronger social needs of females. However, on a followee network, where behavioural decisions are invisible, these differences become less evident. Moreover, the two experiments demonstrate that making decision contexts private or activating social needs via a priming procedure can thwart (or even turn off) normative social influence. Our findings challenge prior research that identifies informational social influence as the predominant driver of conformity behaviours and thus have important implications for practice related to normative social influence, such as the development of techniques for satisfying consumers' different social needs depending on their gender or any other situational factors on s‐commerce platforms.
Composition‐dependent structural role of lead in aluminoborate and galloborate glasses: A solid‐state NMR study
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arun , Wren John E. C. , Michaelis Vladimir K. , Kroeker Scott
Published: February 2024

Investigations on binary lead‐bearing glass systems have shown that Pb2+ functions as a charge compensator at low concentrations and can participate in network formation at higher loadings. We use multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the mechanism underlying this dual‐role nature of Pb2+ in ternary lead‐borate glasses containing aluminum or gallium. 207Pb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra—in conjunction with charge‐balance calculations, bond‐valence principles, and precedents from crystalline lead‐borates—are interpreted in terms of high‐ and low‐coordinate Pb2+ species, representing charge‐compensating “network modifier” sites and covalently‐bound “network forming” sites, respectively. Both high‐field 27Al and 71Ga magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra indicate the presence of substantial fractions of four, five, and six‐fold coordinated Al/Ga, reinforcing the isostructural nature of these elements. However, systematic differences in the boron speciation in Al‐ and Ga‐bearing glasses reveal that their size difference has a measurable effect on the short‐range structure in these glasses.
Genetic correlation estimates between calving ease in primiparous cows and economically important traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Marinho de Negreiros Maria Paula , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , Lôbo Raysildo Barbosa , Brunes Ludmilla Costa , Magnabosco Claudio Ulhoa , Bergmann José Aurélio Garcia , Espigolan Rafael , Cravo Pereira Angelica Simone , Baldi Fernando
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for calving ease (CE) and their genetic correlations with growth, reproductive, carcass, and feed efficiency traits in Nellore cattle. Phenotypes for CE are scored in two categories: normal calving and assisted calving. The traits considered were probability of precocious calving, age at first calving, stayability, adjusted scrotal circumference at 365 days of age, accumulated cow productivity, age at puberty of males, gestation length, birth weight, adjusted weights at 210 and 450 days of age, adult cow weight, frame score, hip height, rib eye area, subcutaneous backfat thickness, rump fat thickness, intramuscular fat percentage, residual feed intake and dry matter intake. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed using a two‐trait threshold‐linear animal model, except for CE, stayability, and probability of precocious calving, which were evaluated through a two‐trait threshold animal model. The direct (0.27) and maternal (0.19) heritability estimates for CE in heifers primiparous Nellore indicated that selecting for this trait is feasible. The selection to improve the female sexual precocity should consider CE during the selection and mating decisions to reduce calving problems. Genetic correlation estimates between CE and BW suggest that selecting low birth weight to reduce calving problems is not an appropriate strategy to improve calving ease in heifers Nellore. Therefore, adopting a multi‐trait selection model with CE and BW in the Nellore breed would reduce calving difficulties, particularly in sexually precocious heifers, without impairing the growth, reproductive, feed efficiency conversion, and carcass indicator traits.
ITGBL1 promotes anoikis resistance and metastasis in human gastric cancer via the AKT/FBLN2 axis
Authors: Shen Kanger , Xia Wei , Wang Kun , Li Juntao , Xu Wei , Liu Haoran , Yang Kexi , Zhu Jinghan , Wang Jiayu , Xi Qinhua , Shi Tongguo , Li Rui
Published: February 2024

The resistance to anoikis plays a critical role in the metastatic progression of various types of malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). Nevertheless, the precise mechanism behind anoikis resistance is not fully understood. Here, our primary focus was to examine the function and underlying molecular mechanism of Integrin beta‐like 1 (ITGBL1) in the modulation of anoikis resistance and metastasis in GC. The findings of our investigation have demonstrated that the overexpression of ITGBL1 significantly augmented the resistance of GC cells to anoikis and promoted their metastatic potential, while knockdown of ITGBL1 had a suppressive effect on both cellular processes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we proved that ITGBL1 has a role in enhancing the resistance of GC cells to anoikis and promoting metastasis through the AKT/Fibulin‐2 (FBLN2) axis. The inhibition of AKT/FBLN2 signalling was able to reverse the impact of ITGBL1 on the resistance of GC cells to anoikis and their metastatic capability. Moreover, the expression levels of ITGBL1 were found to be significantly elevated in the cancerous tissues of patients diagnosed with GC, and there was a strong correlation observed between high expression levels of ITGBL1 and worse prognosis among individuals diagnosed with GC. Significantly, it was revealed that within our cohort of GC patients, individuals exhibiting elevated ITGBL1 expression and diminished FBLN2 expression experienced the worst prognosis. In conclusion, the findings of our study indicate that ITGBL1 may serve as a possible modulator of resistance to anoikis and the metastatic process in GC.
Identification of the shared genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis and the role of quercetin
Authors: Song Siyuan , Yu Jiangyi
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the underlying comorbidity mechanism between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA), while also assessing the therapeutic potential of quercetin for early intervention and treatment of these two diseases. The shared genes were obtained through GEO2R, limma and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and validated using clinical databases and the area under the curves (ROC). Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of comorbidity between T2DM and OA. The infiltration of immune cells was analysed using the CIBERSORT algorithm in conjunction with ESTIMATE algorithm. Subsequently, transcriptional regulation analysis, potential chemical prediction, gene‐disease association, relationships between the shared genes and ferroptosis as well as immunity‐related genes were investigated along with molecular docking. We identified the 12 shared genes (EPHA3, RASIP1, PENK, LRRC17, CEBPB, EFEMP2, UBAP1, PPP1R15A, SPEN, MAFF, GADD45B and KLF4) across the four datasets. Our predictions suggested that targeting these shared genes could potentially serve as therapeutic interventions for both T2DM and OA. Specifically, they are involved in key signalling pathways such as p53, IL‐17, NF‐kB and MAPK signalling pathways. Furthermore, the regulation of ferroptosis and immunity appears to be interconnected in both diseases. Notably, in this context quercetin emerges as a promising drug candidate for treating T2DM and OA by specifically targeting the shared genes. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis to identify potential therapeutic targets, mechanisms and drugs for T2DM and OA, thereby offering novel insights into molecular therapy for these two diseases.
Morphology and motor behavior of endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin
Authors: Liu Shikang , Cao Chengyang , Xi Yuqian , Li Pengcheng , Chen Xuefeng , Xiao Lirong , Yao Weiwei
Published: February 2024

Dam construction alters the hydrodynamic conditions, consequently impacting the swimming behavior of fish. To explore the effect of flow hydrodynamics on fish swimming behavior, five endemic fish species in the upper Yangtze River basin were selected. Through high‐speed video visualization and computer analysis, these species' swimming patterns under different flow velocities (0.1–1.2 m/s) were investigated. The kinematic and morphological characteristics of the fish were presented. The principal component analysis was used to analyse the main factors influencing the swimming ability of fish and to determine the correlation coefficients among fish behavior indicators. Fish exhibited three different swimming patterns under different flow velocities. Low velocity (0.1–0.3 m/s) corresponds to free motion, middle velocity (0.4–0.7 m/s) corresponds to cruising motion, and high velocity corresponds to stress motion (0.8–1.2 m/s). The fish kinematic index curves were obtained, and four of five fish species showed two extreme points, which means the optimal and adverse swimming strategies can be determined. With the increase in flow velocity, the tail‐beat frequency showed an increasing trend, whereas the tail‐beat angle and amplitude showed a decreasing trend. Morphological and kinematic parameters were the two main indexes that affect the swimming ability of fish, which accounts for 41.9% and 26.9%, respectively.
A highly soluble form of rutin for instant resolution of mask‐wearing related disorders
Authors: De Tollenaere Morgane , Durduret Anaïs , Chapuis Emilie , Lambert Carole , Lemagnen Perrine , Tiguemounine Jean , Auriol Daniel , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain
Published: February 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic brought about a new normal, necessitating the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) like face shields, surgical masks, gloves, and goggles. However, prolonged mask‐wearing introduced skin‐related issues due to changes in the skin's microenvironment, including increased humidity and temperature, as well as pressure on the skin. These factors led to skin deformation, vascular issues, edema, and inflammation, resulting in discomfort and cosmetic concerns. Clinical reports quickly highlighted the consequences of long‐term mask use, including increased cases of “maskne” (mask‐related acne) or mask‐wearing related disorders such as rosacea flare‐ups, skin‐barrier defects, itching, erythema, redness, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification. Some of these issues, like inflammation, oxidative stress, and poor wound healing, could be directly linked to acne‐related disorders or skin hypoxia.

Aim

To address these problems, researchers turned to rutin, a well‐known flavonoid with antioxidant, vasoactive, and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, rutin's poor water solubility presented a challenge for cosmetic formulations. To overcome this limitation, a highly water‐soluble form of rutin was developed, making it suitable for use at higher concentrations.

Methods

In vitro and ex vivo tests were conducted, as well as an innovative clinical trial including volunteers wearing surgical masks for at least 2 h, to evaluate the biological activity of this soluble rutin on the main skin concerns associated with mask‐wearing (inflammation, oxidative stress, skin repair, hyperpigmentation, and skin redness).

Results

The in vitro results showed that the active ingredient significantly reduced oxidative stress, improved wound healing, and reduced inflammation. In dark skin explants, the active ingredient significantly reduced melanin content, indicating its lightening activity. This effect was confirmed in the clinical study, where brown spots decreased significantly after 4 days of application. Moreover, measurements on volunteers demonstrated a decrease in skin redness and vascularization after the active ingredient application, indicating inflammation and erythema reduction. Volunteers reported improved skin comfort.

Conclusion

In summary, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to various skin issues associated with mask‐wearing. A highly soluble form of rutin was developed, which effectively addressed these concerns by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperpigmentation while promoting wound healing. This soluble rutin offers a promising solution for the rapid treatment of maskne‐related disorders and other skin problems caused by prolonged mask use.
Behavioral weight loss interventions for people with physical disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Hossaini Jihad , Osmani Vanesa , Klug Stefanie J.
Published: February 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to examine which interventions lead to clinically significant weight loss among people with physical disabilities.

Methods

We systematically searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL) including studies until May 2022 to find randomized controlled trials on behavioral interventions and weight‐related outcomes in people with physical disabilities. Pharmacological or surgical interventions were excluded. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Interventions were grouped as dietary, physical activity, education/coaching, or multi‐component. Mean weight changes, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and effect sizes were extracted or calculated for assessment of the intervention effect.

Results

Sixty studies involving 6,511 participants were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies (n = 32) included multi‐component interventions, incorporating dietary and physical activity components. Limited evidence suggests that extensive dietary interventions or long‐term multi‐component interventions might lead to a clinically relevant weight reduction of at least 5% for older individuals (age > 50) with mild‐to‐moderate mobility impairments.

Discussion

Due to the high heterogeneity of studies and low study quality, it can be assumed that the range of applicability of the findings is questionable. Further research should examine younger age groups (i.e., children, adolescents, and adults under 40 years) and compare different settings such as schools, clinics, nursing homes, and assisted living facilities.
Frequency of the prominent transverse nasal root vein in children
Authors: López‐Carrera Igor , Lam Joseph M. , Torrelo Antonio
Published: February 2024

Background

The presence of a vascular, blue linear discoloration on the nasal root of infants and young children is a frequent incidental feature, rarely reported in the medical literature. It is related to the trajectory of the transverse nasal root vein (TNRV).

Objective

To study the frequency and clinical characteristics of the vascular discoloration of the nasal root in children.

Methods

A prospective study was performed to address the presence or absence of vascular discoloration of the nasal root in all children under 6 years of age attending a pediatric dermatology clinic from November 2022 to November 2023. Data on age and skin phototype (Fitzpatrick classification I–VI) were also collected.

Results

Of 701 patients examined, 345 (49.2%) presented with a vascular discoloration of the nasal root. This was present in 97 of 193 (50.3%), 127 of 261 (48.7%), and 121 of 247 (49.0%) patients for the age groups 0–1, 1–3, and 3–6 years, respectively. The presence of vascular discoloration of the nasal root was more frequent in patients with lighter Fitzpatrick skin phototypes: 49 of 69 (71.0%) phototype II, 157 of 290 (54.1%) phototype III, and 137 of 337 (40.7%) phototype IV.

Conclusions

A vascular discoloration of the nasal root is a frequent skin feature in infants and children, persisting at least until the age of 6. It does not constitute any medical problem aside from cosmetic concern and parents can be reassured of its benign nature. We propose the medical term “prominent TNRV” to describe this condition.
Generalization of savoring to novel positive stimuli
Authors: Wilson Kayla A. , MacNamara Annmarie
Published: February 2024

Savoring is a positive emotion up‐regulation technique that can increase electrocortical and self‐reported valence and arousal to positive and neutral pictures, with effects persisting to increase response to the same stimuli when encountered later. Outside of the lab, emotion regulation techniques that persist to affect not just encounters with the same stimuli but also encounters with similar, but previously unencountered stimuli should save individuals time and effort. Here, we used event‐related potentials and picture ratings to test whether savoring would generalize to similar, but previously unseen positive pictures. To this end, 89 participants (56 female; M age = 18.96 years, SD = 1.87) were asked to savor positive pictures from one category (e.g., happy people) and to view positive pictures from another category (e.g., cute animals), as well as to view neutral pictures (e.g., plants). In a subsequent passive picture viewing task, participants viewed novel pictures from all three categories (i.e., happy people, cute animals, plants). In the first task, savoring was effective for pictures of animals throughout picture presentation, but only for pictures of people during the later part of picture presentation. In the second task, savoring generalized to novel pictures of animals, though this was only evident in the early portion of picture processing (and for self‐reported ratings). Therefore, savoring holds promise as a useful technique for increasing positive emotion in everyday life, though more work is needed to understand whether effects may vary depending on different types of picture content.
Determining intracortical, corticospinal and alpha motoneurone excitability in athletes with patellar tendinopathy compared to asymptomatic controls
Authors: Vallance Patrick , Malliaras Peter , Vicenzino Bill , Kidgell Dawson J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Lower capacity to generate knee extension maximal voluntary force (MVF) has been observed in individuals affected with patellar tendinopathy (PT) compared to asymptomatic controls. This MVF deficit is hypothesized to emanate from alterations in corticospinal excitability (CSE). The modulation of CSE is intricately linked to the excitability levels at multiple sites, encompassing neurones within the corticospinal tract (CST), intracortical neurones within the primary motor cortex (M1), and the alpha motoneurone. The aim of this investigation was to examine the excitability of intracortical neurones, CST neurones, and the alpha motoneurone, and compare these between volleyball and basketball athletes with PT and matched asymptomatic controls.

Method

Nineteen athletes with PT and 18 asymptomatic controls participated in this cross‐sectional study. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was utilized to assess CST excitability, corticospinal inhibition (silent period, and short‐interval cortical inhibition). Peripheral nerve stimulation was used to evaluate lumbar spine and alpha motoneurone excitability, including the evocation of lumbar‐evoked potentials and maximal compound muscle action potential (MMAX), and CSE with central activation ratio (CAR). Knee extension MVF was also assessed.

Results

Athletes with PT exhibited longer silent period duration and greater electrical stimulator output for MMAX, as well as lower MVF, compared to asymptomatic controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These findings indicate volleyball and basketball athletes with PT exhibit reduced excitability of the alpha motoneurone or the neuromuscular junction, which may be linked to lower MVF. Subtle alterations at specific sites may represent compensatory changes to excitability aiming to maintain efferent drive to the knee extensors.
Deep learning‐based quantification and transcriptomic profiling reveal a methyl jasmonate‐mediated glandular trichome formation pathway in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Huang Xiaoqin , Chen Wei , Zhao Yuqing , Chen Jingjing , Ouyang Yuzeng , Li Minxuan , Gu Yu , Wu Qinqin , Cai Sen , Guo Foqin , Zhu Panpan , Ao Deyong , You Shijun , Vasseur Liette , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2024

Cannabis glandular trichomes (GTs) are economically and biotechnologically important structures that have a remarkable morphology and capacity to produce, store, and secrete diverse classes of secondary metabolites. However, our understanding of the developmental changes and the underlying molecular processes involved in cannabis GT development is limited. In this study, we developed Cannabis Glandular Trichome Detection Model (CGTDM), a deep learning‐based model capable of differentiating and quantifying three types of cannabis GTs with a high degree of efficiency and accuracy. By profiling at eight different time points, we captured dynamic changes in gene expression, phenotypes, and metabolic processes associated with GT development. By integrating weighted gene co‐expression network analysis with CGTDM measurements, we established correlations between phenotypic variations in GT traits and the global transcriptome profiles across the developmental gradient. Notably, we identified a module containing methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐responsive genes that significantly correlated with stalked GT density and cannabinoid content during development, suggesting the existence of a MeJA‐mediated GT formation pathway. Our findings were further supported by the successful promotion of GT development in cannabis through exogenous MeJA treatment. Importantly, we have identified CsMYC4 as a key transcription factor that positively regulates GT formation via MeJA signaling in cannabis. These findings provide novel tools for GT detection and counting, as well as valuable information for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of GT formation, which has the potential to facilitate the molecular breeding, targeted engineering, informed harvest timing, and manipulation of cannabinoid production.
Design of an Efficient Non-Backdrivable Mechanism With Wrap Spring for Hand Prosthesis
Authors: Butin Côme , Aoustin Yannick , Gouaillier David , Chablat Damien
Published: February 2024

The aim of this paper is to create a system that enables power transmission non-backdrivability in a hand prosthesis with a single actuator. This system allows the motor to be stopped while maintaining the gripping force to prevent the held object from being dropped. This non-backdrivability allows users, for example, to release muscle contractions while still keeping a tight grip on an object, as well as completely turning off the prosthesis to avoid unintentional commands that could lead to loosening the object. Beyond the functional aspect of non-backdrivability, the physical non-backdrivability of the transmission enables the full power of the motors to be utilized without exceeding their thermal limits. To be effectively used, the non-backdrivable system must be energy efficient. A state-of-the-art analysis of different non-backdrivable mechanisms is conducted, evaluating their functioning and maximum efficiency. A novel system is developed based on an existing principle but with a focus on simplicity of manufacturing and fewer components compared to existing systems. An analysis is conducted to understand the effect of each mechanism parameter, and a dimensioning procedure is derived. A prototype is developed to compare theoretical values with measured values. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed.
Effect of Measurement Location on Cardiac Time Intervals Estimated by Seismocardiography
Authors: Mann Aysha J. , Kakavand Bahram , Thibbotuwawa Gamage Peshala , Taebi Amirtahà
Published: February 2024

Cardiac time intervals (CTIs) are important parameters for assessing cardiac function and can be measured using non-invasive methods such as electrocardiography (ECG) and seismo-cardiography (SCG). It is widely accepted that SCG signals, when measured from various locations on the chest surface, exhibit distinct temporal and spectral characteristics. In that regard, the goal of this study was to determine the effect of the SCG measurement location on estimating SCG-based CTIs. For this purpose, ECG, SCG,and phonocardiography (PCG) signals wereacquired from fourteen healthy adult subjects, both male and female (Age: 23.5 ± 5.16 years old). Subjects laid still in a supine position and were instructed to breathe normally. Data was recorded for 2 minutes and external noise, if any, was noted and removed. For ECG measurement, Einthoven’s triangle was used by placing three ECG electrodes under the left and right clavicle, and the right lower abdomen. For SCG, three tri-axial accelerometers were attached on the top, middle, and bottom of the sternum with double-sided tape. In this study, only the dorsoventral components of the SCG signals were analyzed. Using Pan-Tompkin’s algorithm, ECG R peaks and their temporal indices were found. Then, a custom-built algorithm in MATLAB was developed to estimate heart rate (HR) from ECG (HRECG) and SCG (HRSCG) signals. Furthermore, SCG fiducial points and CTIs were defined based on the literature and estimated from the SCG signals recorded from different sternal locations. These fiducial points and CTIs include the temporal indices of aortic valve opening, aortic valve closure, and R-R interval, as well as pre-ejection period, left ventricular ejection time, and electromechanical systole. The average and correlation coefficient (R2) of the CTIs and HRs derived from all three locations were compared. Mean difference and standard deviation were analyzed for the CTIs and their respective sensor location. Results showed that the average R2 values between HRECG and HRSCG were 0.9930, 0.9968, and 0.9790 for the top, middle, and bottom sternal locations, respectively. In addition, results demonstrated that SCG-based CTIs varied with the SCG measurement locations. In conclusion, these results highlighted the importance of establishing consistent research and clinical protocols for reporting CTIs based on SCG. This work also calls for further investigation into comparing estimated CTIs with gold-standard methods such as echocardiography and 4D cardiac computed tomography. This will help determine the SCG measurement location that provides the most accurate CTI estimations which in turn can improve the accuracy of SCG-based cardiovascular disease diagnosis algorithms.