bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders
Authors: Jahraus Joel
Published: October 2018

Eating disorders are complex illnesses that involve both medical and psychiatric morbidity. One cannot treat the individual without taking both into account. Medical morbidity can be particularly dangerous with anorexia nervosa having the highest mortality rate of any mental health illness. The medical impact of eating disorders is widespread, touching every organ system in the body. New findings in brain anatomy and neurotransmitter involvement in eating disorders further solidify the continuum of medical and mental health etiologies of eating disorders. Recognition and treatment of these medical issues is essential to the long-term recovery of the individual and subsequent normalized living.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(10):463–467.]
Outcomes for Mixed Cylinder LASIK With the MEL 90
®
Excimer Laser
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Day Alexander C. , Vida Ryan S.
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:

To report the outcomes of LASIK for mixed cylinder using the Triple-A ablation profile with the MEL 90 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:

This was a retrospective analysis of all eyes treated by LASIK for mixed cylinder using the Triple-A ablation profile with the MEL 90 laser between July 2013 and October 2016. Patients were observed for 1 year after surgery. Standard outcomes analysis and vector analysis by the Alpins method were performed.

RESULTS:

The database review identified 105 eyes (82 patients) treated by LASIK for mixed cylinder using the MEL 90 laser. Mean age was 40 ± 11 years (range: 18 to 65 years). Mean attempted spherical equivalent was +0.30 ± 0.90 diopters (D) (range: −2.30 to +1.75 D). Mean cylinder was −2.93 ± 1.47 D (range: −0.75 to −7.00 D). Preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/20 or better in 81% of eyes. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 69% and 20/25 or better in 86% of eyes. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent relative to the intended target was −0.21 ± 0.38 D (range: −1.25 to +1.13 D), with 83% within ±0.50 D. Mean postoperative cylinder was −0.57 ± 0.41 D (range: 0.00 to −1.75 D). Geometric mean was 1.12 for the correction index and 0.25 for the index of success. For angle of error, the arithmetic mean was −0.6° ± 4.2° (range: −13.5° to 9.5°) and the absolute mean was 2.9° ± 3.0° (range: 0.0° to 13.5°). There was loss of one line of CDVA in 3% of eyes and no eyes lost two or more lines CDVA. There was a small increase in contrast sensitivity after surgery at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

One-year outcomes of LASIK using the MEL 90 laser for mixed cylinder up to −7.00 D demonstrated excellent efficacy, safety, and predictability. Vector analysis found a 12% overcorrection in magnitude of refractive cylinder. Given the high accuracy for angle of error, a nomogram could be applied to reduce the over-correction and further improve the uncorrected distance visual acuity outcomes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):672–680.]
Claiming Islamic Authenticity. The Ḫatmīya Sufi order confronting WWI
Authors: Bruzzi Silvia
Published: October 2018

The Libyan war of 1911-1912 and the Great War in general were marked by a political deployment of religion. During the conflict, not only the Ottoman Empire – who called for a global ğihād against the Allied powers – but also the European powers and Muslim elites in the Mediterranean and Red Sea regions claimed legitimisation of their political positions with an appeal to the authenticity of the Islamic faith. This paper focuses on the agency of one of these actors, the Ḫatmīya Islamic brotherhood, and looks at its role at a transnational level. It considers the discourses that were mobilised within the framework of the rivalry among transnational Sufi orders. While the Sanūsiya tackled the pan-Islamic positions associated with the Ottoman Empire and led a ğihād against the European colonial powers, notably in Egypt and Libya, one of its rival orders, the Ḫatmīya, supported the war against the “Turks,” whom they accused of being the illegitimate heirs of the caliphate and “false Muslims.”The political position of the Ḫatmīya was pursued through a series of actions, including a call to Muslims to enroll in European armies and diplomatic and intermediation activities with other political and religious authorities in the Red Sea region. The involvement of both the order’s representatives and affiliated members was finally rewarded in the post-war period. Indeed, thanks in part to their military service in the European armies; its affiliated members became leading actors in the colonial economy in Eritrea and Sudan.
“Our delight is for the amir of the English”: a Bornoan history of the First World War (North-Eastern Nigeria)
Authors: Dewière Rémi , Hiribarren Vincent
Published: October 2018

On 18 November 1914, Abubakar Garbai, the Shehu of Borno, sent a letter to Frederick Lugard, the Governor General of Nigeria, announcing that the Bornoans would fight alongside the British despite the fact that they were fighting against the Ottomans. This article uses the letter sent by Shehu Garbai to analyse the global, trans-Saharan and trans-Sahelian layers of conflicts in the Lake Chad region at the beginning of the First World War. This document is a perfect illustration of the pragmatic alliance formed by the British colonial officers and the elite of Borno (Nigeria) to defeat the German troops in Northern Cameroon. This article concludes that it is impossible to write the history of the First World War in central Africa without understanding the long term and localised conflicts in the Lake Chad area.
Why did the Italians go to Libya?
Authors: Ungari Andrea
Published: October 2018

This article explores the motivations behind the Italian occupation of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in 1911-1912, a conflict which, some scholars claim, ignited a chain of events that eventually led to the outbreak of the war in Europe at the end of July 1914. It illustrates the attitude of the political forces in Italy but also the international context in which the war was decided and took place, and it confronts the question of whether, from a military point of view, the war was modern or not.
The Italian community of Tunisia: From Libyan Colonial Ambitions to the First World War
Authors: Montalbano Gabriele
Published: October 2018

This paper analyses how the Italian settlers in the French protectorate of Tunisia reacted to the Libyan war and to WWI. The case of this Italian community between 1911 and 1915 is particularly interesting regarding its position in terms of migration, nation-building, and colonialism. Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, the Kingdom of Italy experienced mass migration of its workers to foreign countries and, at the same time, it aspired to colonial expansion in Africa. Nationalists wanted to make Italian migrants a tool for national imperialism. According to them, the large number of Italians living in foreign colonial possessions, as in the case of French Maghreb, justified colonialist claims towards Libya. Italian migrants were mobilised by homeland institutions and by the nationalist upper-class in order to take part in a wider national project that involved expatriate communities. The Libyan war and the Great War exacerbated social tensions in the Tunisian society and affected the living conditions of the Italians. Living under French colonial rule, some Italian settlers considered the Libyan conquest as an opportunity for social improvement of their migrant working-class status. After the declaration of war of Italy in 1915, the community was directly involved in the war effort, sending soldiers and money to the motherland. A kind of welfare system was created in order to provide aid to the poorest members of the community, strengthening the migrants’ nationalist feeling. Ultimately, this paper emphasises the community-building function of the war effort, highlighting how social classes and colonial dynamics are intertwined in the Italian nation-building process in Tunisia.
Chapitre premier. Les pelouses calcicoles du nord-ouest de l'Europe (Brometalia erecti Br. Bl., 1936) : Analyse bibliographique
Authors: Dutoit Thierry
Published: October 2018

Dans le nord-ouest de l'Europe, les pelouses calcicoles sont des écosystèmes semi-naturels de grande valeur biologique, ayant fait l'objet de nombreuses études écologiques descriptives et fonctionnelles. Ces études ont notamment montré que les pelouses sont des plagioclimax dont les successions végétales secondaires sont multidirectionnelles et sous la dépendance de perturbations anciennes ou actuelles. Si le maintien de la diversité végétale et entomologique des pelouses est assurée par l'existence de perturbations régulières, leur absence entraîne une dynamique spontanée de la végétation qui à terme conduit au boisement des pelouses et à une perte importante de biodiversité. En conséquence, la mise en place de différents systèmes de gestion conservatoire a été expérimentée un peu partout en Europe. Si un consensus global existe autour de la nécessité de gérer les pelouses par des systèmes de gestion tournant, l'accent est cependant mis sur le besoin de connecter les sites gérés au sein d'un réseau afin de prévenir la disparition de certaines espèces.
Chapitre second. The conservation of species-rich chalk grasslands in Central-Normandy: an agro-ecological and multi-level approach
Authors: Dutoit Thierry
Published: October 2018

Les facteurs écologiques qui influencent la composition botanique et la structure de la végétation des pelouses calcaires de Normandie centrale sont appréhendés grâce à une étude régionale. Les résultats des analyses multivariées montrent que: (1) Deux types d’habitats peuvent être définis à partir des données climatiques et pédologiques (mésophile et mésoxérophile). (2) Les facteurs d’exploitation ont également une influence importante. Les processus d’intensification (accroissement de la pression de pâturage) sont ainsi responsables de la perte de richesse spécifique des pelouses calcicoles la plus rapide, tandis que l’abandon du pâturage conduit à des changements plus lents. En considérant les pelouses calcicoles dans leurs contextes agricoles, nous insistons alors sur la nécessité de procéder à une approche multi-niveaux pour répondre aux objectifs de la conservation biologique de ces milieux.
Chapitre troisième. Managing chalk grassland for biological conservation: the case of soil macrofauna communities
Authors: Dutoit Thierry
Published: October 2018

L'étude de la macrofaune du sol au cours d'une succession secondaire potentielle a été réalisée dans différentes parcelles de pelouses calcicoles après abandon du pâturage. Les résultats montrent une évolution contrastée des différentes populations en rapport avec l'apparition d'une couverture arborée et des changements dans la qualité des litières. Dans les parcelles à végétation herbacée, les espèces épigées dominent contrairement aux parcelles boisées. Si la richesse taxonomique est maximum dans la pelouse en exclos, chaque parcelle demeure cependant caractérisée par la présence de certains groupes taxonomiques. En conséquence, les systèmes de gestion conservatoire mis en place pour la conservation biologique de pelouses calcicoles riches en plantes et en invertébrés doivent également préserver la diversité des communautés de macrofaune du sol par la réalisation de systèmes de gestion tournants.
Chapitre second. Mineral contents of chalk grasslands in relation with conservation management: a case study in Upper-Normandy (France)
Authors: Dutoit Thierry
Published: October 2018

Many studies have focused on grazing management as a tool for biodiversity conservation in chalk grasslands in Europe but the impact of grazing on the mineral composition of the vegetation is still unknown. In order to assess the relations between minerals contents and management, the dominant plant species in two contrasted plots (ungrazed and grazed) were sampled monthly for mineral analysis. Mineral data were also collected for a mean sample of the phytocenosis and the leaves and barks of scrubs occurring in the plots. The floristic composition compositions of the plots were monitored by permanent quadrats. The main results are: species, temporal and spatial differences in the mineral contents; a deficiency in trace elements from the grazed species; a mineral reservation in ungrazed species and scrubs. We focused on the management plans, which have to pay a special attention to the utilisation of this non-used resource and the regeneration of the mineral pool for a sustainable grazing system.
Sustainable Supply Chain as a Part of CSR Strategy
Authors: Osiecka-Brzeska Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

Corporate social responsibility policies have become an important management strategy in companies. This sector tries to respond to stakeholders' needs while developing socially responsible business activities and sustainable values. A sustainable supply chain is an integral part of CSR strategy in a pharmaceutical industry. Purchased goods and services have to present high standards and quality. As international companies have many suppliers and contractors, it is important to conduct and promote worked out values among all business partners. The aim of this chapter is to investigate the corporate social responsibility values of Polpharma Group. The chapter describes the long-term strategy of sustainability in Polpharma and the responsibilities of Polpharma in all business sectors. The most essential part will be the description of the process of sustainable supply chain formation. The chapter will describe the implementation of a code of conduct among suppliers. The case study in this chapter will be based on Polpharma, one of the largest Polish pharmaceutical companies.
A Blueprint for Developing Black Male Leader Identity, Capacity, and Efficacy Through Leadership Learning
Authors: Spencer Jr. Dorsey , Guthrie Kathy L.
Published: October 2018

Developing future leaders has always been an important part of postsecondary education, as seen currently in many institutional mission statements. This chapter explores the development of leader identity, capacity, and efficacy of Black men through an academic course at Florida State University. Building on the foundations of the leadership learning framework and the culturally relevant leadership learning model, the Black Male Leadership course was intentionally developed and is taught each semester. The authors provide an overview of the course, report course participants' perceptions of the course, and lessons learned in the course development and implementation process. This chapter hopefully provides a blueprint for institutions to develop and implement such a course.
The Art of Sankofa and Re-Establishing Kujichagulia
Authors: Harvell Kalvin DaRonne
Published: October 2018

As many social critics are just now discovering the racial treatise W.E.B. DuBois advanced more than 100 years ago, the academy continues to devalue, marginalize, and ignore specific voices while choosing to champion, protect, and canonize others. This exclusion allows, or directs, each generation of new scholars to carefully dance around the real problems in education by judiciously repackaging the discourse of their predecessors. This is not to suggest that the intellectual past of a discipline should not be revisited. This does suggest that some aspects of that past, a past often marred by cultural incompetence and the intellectual marginalization of specific groups a discipline pretends to be educating, needs to be considered and critiqued by those groups the discipline has objectified and transformed into others. Intentionally connecting educators to the history of Black self-determination in education may potentially serve to assist in the creation of pedagogy and programs to address the challenges of Black males in education.
The Digital Cultural Identity on the Space Drawed in Virtual Games and Representatıve
Authors: Türkoğlu Hülya Semiz , Türkoğlu Süleyman
Published: October 2018

The digital culture created in the virtual space provides a more liberal and open environment for the people, with fewer restrictions from real life. The current research on virtual reality self-expression has mainly been discovered as an independent aspect of the real self. The chapter also analyzes the use and perceptions of virtual users in the virtual world by focusing on the construct that creates different virtual cultural experiences. For this purpose, the “Second Life” game, which provides a three-dimensional and online virtual environment modeled by the real world, is taken as an example. In the survey, we interviewed 10 people from Second Life to find answers to our questions. As a result of their work, Second Life plays a vital digital life in a dynamic digital culture that is different from their real lives in response to the question of how they build a world with communication, culture, identity and lifestyles.
The Status of Digital Culture in Public Relations Research in Turkey
Authors: Ertem-Eray Tugce
Published: October 2018

As the number of internet users has increased, communication scholars have started to pay attention to the internet applications, and the research related to digital content has increased in the field of public relations. However, there is no systematic literature review about public relations research related to digital content in Turkey. Therefore, this chapter analyzes this topic through content analysis of published articles between 1999 and 2017. Findings suggest that even if the number of articles has increased in the field of public relations in Turkey, future research needs to go further and examine different research topics, apply different theoretical frameworks, provide balance in methodological approaches, and use various sample types.
Digital Technologies
Authors: Epepe Umefien Dakoru
Published: October 2018

This chapter aims to discuss the relevance of digital technologies in the acquisition of indigenous language literacy in Nigeria. Using the technological determinism and social presence theories to anchor the discourse, the chapter content analyzed a purposive sample of YouTube and Second Life. Preliminary findings on Nigerian languages on YouTube reveal a dominance of Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba content, uploaded by individuals rather than institutions. In contrast, there was an absence of Nigerian languages content on Second Life. The chapter advocates for the integration of these digital technologies into formal indigenous language pedagogy. The recommendation is that there should be a synergy between Nigerian language teachers, software developers, and the government to develop creative digital instructional materials in Nigerian languages.
Neuro-Fuzzy Approach for Technology Strategic Planning
Authors: Ebrahimi Maryam
Published: October 2018

In the chapter, a neuro-fuzzy-based technology strategic planning model is suggested. It is the result of an integrated and systematic hybrid of existing models presented in the literature of technology strategy planning and hybrid intelligent strategic planning. The neuro-fuzzy technique is used for modeling of technology strategies with MATLAB. The model is evaluated in Iran's petrochemical industry based on average test error and average train error which were satisfying. A list of technologies in the industry, the industry's ability in the development of technology, the attractiveness of technology in the industry, and patent indicators are identified based on experts' viewpoints. According to the location of technologies in decision matrices of technology strategies, technology strategies are proposed in three categories: research-driven, investment-driven, and knowledge-driven. Data is collected by the researchers in subsidiary companies who do research in specific fields of petrochemical industry and have the knowledge in those fields.
Google Docs Motivates Creative Inspiration and Constructive Interaction
Authors: Chambers Mary-Lynn , Price Tiffany E.
Published: October 2018

The value of constructive annotation during the creative writing process will be examined in this chapter. Specifically, two case studies will be considered. The first study investigates the constructive role Google Docs played in a creative writing class at Elizabeth City State University (ECSU). The second study reveals the power annotative feedback through Google Docs provided during the editing process of a novel earmarked for publication. This chapter will outline the method used in establishing a constructive venue implementing an annotative review procedure. Then the authors will detail the beneficial role annotation provided when implemented by both peers/instructor and by writer/editor while working within Google Docs.
How to Encourage Reflective Practice With the Help of Collaborative Video Annotation
Authors: Bauer Reinhard , Meissl-Egghart Gerhilde , Vohle Frank , Szucsich Petra
Published: October 2018

The concept of Social Video Learning (SVL) marks the shift from a passive-receptive to an active-productive or active-constructive exploration of video material in learning groups and emphasizes the sharing of experiences and knowledge in a situational context. The objective of this chapter is to give a brief overview of this phenomenon within an EU-funded project. It is the intention of the authors to, on the one hand, provide some initial orientation and deeper insight into the complex subject matter of collaborative video annotation exemplified by SVL. On the other hand, based on quantitative and qualitative data from two case studies, they try to explore its potential for teacher education.
Enterprise 4.0
Authors: Ferreira Maria João , Moreira Fernando , Seruca Isabel
Published: October 2018

Enterprise 4.0 is already referred to as the next stage of the evolution of global business and the global economy. This wave is achieved by technology enablers often referred as digital transformation (DT). Social media represent a subset of these technologies which contribute to organizational transformation. However, the adoption of social media does not imply such a transformation; changes in the organization's culture and behavior are also needed. While the technology enablers allow the production, sharing, and management of information and knowledge within the organization they also require the updating of the supporting information systems (IS). Thus, using technologies in organizations requires an exercise in understanding how to demonstrate their usefulness in relation to the creation, access, and sharing of contents and IS improvements in a safe way. To this end, this chapter envisages a new context of labor faced within DT of organizations, largely boosted by the organizational adoption of social media, and which the authors propose to be implemented through the m_CSDIT framework.
Managing Variability as a Means to Promote Composability
Authors: Lutz Matthias , Inglés-Romero Juan F. , Stampfer Dennis , Lotz Alex , Vicente-Chicote Cristina , Schlegel Christian
Published: October 2018

Complex systems usually have to deal with a huge number of potential situations and contingencies. Therefore, a mechanism is required that enables the expression of variability at design-time so that it can be efficiently resolved at run-time. As composability plays an increasingly relevant role in building systems in an economic way, variability management should also contribute to and be taken into account in terms of composability. This chapter presents a variability management workflow aimed at supporting different developer roles in an ecosystem context. Two kinds of variability are addressed: in system operation and associated with quality of service. The former provides robustness to contingencies, while the latter focuses on the quality of the application (in terms of non-functional properties) under changing situations and limited resources. The concepts introduced in this chapter conform to the structures and principles of the H2020 European Project RobMoSys, which consolidates composability in the robotics domain.
IMPRESS BIM Methodology and Software Tools (iBIMm) for Façade Retrofitting Using Prefabricated Concrete Panels
Authors: Cabrera Adalberto Guerra , Ntimos Dimitrios , Purshouse Nick , Gallagher Shirley
Published: October 2018

IMPRESS is a H2020 funded project that has developed prefabricated façade panels to reduce building energy demand. In order to accelerate and optimise the retrofit process, IMPRESS has developed an iterative design methodology (IDM), which incorporates all stages of the design-construct-install-operate process and aims to bring energy efficiency as early as possible in the design process. Three software tools have been developed for this purpose: (1) an online decision support software (DSS), to inform decision-making on which panel type is suitable for the building; (2) an interoperable data exchange server (IDES) to allow exchange of information related to the design, construction, installation and operation of the facade; and (3) an online management platform (OMP) for coordination through all stages. The merger of the design methodology and software tools is called IMPRESS BIM methodology (iBIMm) which enables design teams to make informed decisions based on building information models and provides a platform to monitor its performance during the operation stage.
Modelling of Safe Driving Assistance System for Automotive and Prediction of Accident Rates
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debraj , Bhola Prabha , Dan Pranab K.
Published: October 2018

This research article attempts to analytically determine the factors, significant for safety, in connection with driving of automotives as well as to develop a conceptual model of the driving assistance system, using the knowledge about such factors. Millions of casualties due to road accidents, happen worldwide every year and the annual average of lives lost in India alone is about hundred and fifty thousand. The causes of such accidents are attributed to road characteristic and condition, driving faults, driving conditions or traffic environmental factors and defects or functional failure in vehicle mechanism. Studies have focused primarily on these factors without associating the ‘weather' which has been reported as in a work but as an isolated factor without including the above three. This work includes all the four stated factors in modelling the driver assistance system for automatic speed control with warning system module. Further, to predict accident rates in a particular region a model using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed in this work, which may be used by the vehicle manufactures to select the right product variant to minimise accidents.
A Secure Remote User Authentication Protocol for Healthcare Monitoring Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks
Authors: Chandrakar Preeti
Published: October 2018

The wireless medical sensor networks WMSN play a crucial role in healthcare monitoring remotely. In remote healthcare monitoring, the sensor nodes are deployed in patient's body for collecting physiological data and transmit these data over an insecure channel. The patient's health information is highly sensitive and important. Any malicious modification in physiological data will make wrong diagnoses and harm the patient health. Therefore, privacy, data security, and user authentication are extremely important for accessing patient's real-time heath information over an insecure channel. In this regard, this article proposes a secure and robust two-factor based remote user authentication protocol for healthcare monitoring. The authentication proof has done with the help of BAN logic, which ensures that the proposed scheme provides mutual authentication and session key agreement securely. The informal security verification proves that the developed protocol is secure from various security attacks. The simulation of the proposed scheme has been done using AVISPA tool, whose simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme is secure from active and passive attacks. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed protocol is efficient in terms of security features, computation cost, communication cost, and execution time.
QoS Maintenance in Cognitive Radio Networks with Priority-Supporting Novel Channel Allocation Method
Authors: Annapurna K. , Ramanjaneyulu B. Seetha
Published: October 2018

Satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) is often a challenge in cognitive radio networks, because they depend on opportunistic channel accessing. In this context, appropriate pricing of vacant channels that is linked to the preference in their allocation, is found to be useful. However, ambiguity on the possible price at which the channel would be allotted is still a concern. In this work, an auction mechanism in which maximum value of the bid is predefined is proposed. With this, users quote their bid values as per their needs of getting the channels, up to the predefined maximum allowed bid price. However, final price of allocation is decided based on the sum total demand from all the users and the availability of vacant channels. Performance of the system is found in terms of blocking probabilities of secondary users and revenues to primary users. The proposed system is found to yield similar quantum of revenues as that of the Generalized Second Price (GSP) auction, while offering much lesser blocking probabilities to high-priority users to satisfy their QoS requirements.
Secure Neighbor Discovery Protocol
Authors: Shah Junaid Latief
Published: October 2018

The neighbor discovery protocol (NDP) is a stateless protocol facilitating link local communication in IPv6 networks. The nodes employ IPv6 NDP to locate other hosts/routers on the link, cover resolution of link layer addresses, duplicate address detections and track reachability status about paths to active nodes. However, link local communication using NDP is susceptible to some severe attacks, which if neglected leave the network vulnerable. Attackers can spoof source addresses of legitimate nodes by forging NDP messages and propel attacks like Denial of Service (DoS) and Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) leading to failure of IPv6 host initialization. To avert this, RFC 3971 advocates employing Secure Neighbor Discovery (SeND) to make the process inviolable. SeND fortifies message tampering, prevents IPv6 address theft, including protection against replay attacks and enable validation of routers on the link. Although SeND is a robust link layer security mechanism, its practical implementation is reported to have serious shortcomings like cryptographic algorithms which impact computational complexity including bandwidth utilization, as such negate their implementation and adoption. Moreover, the protocol itself fails to provide the confidentiality factor in the network. SeND also falls short of mature unabridged implementations in commercial operating systems and network devices. This paper revisits the protocol implementation and reviews its deployment challenges. This article also discusses some feasible proposals and recommendations for facilitating practical deployment of SeND in IPv6 networks including resource constrained devices like mobile phones.
Transformative Learning
Authors: Pike Anne , Hopkins Susan
Published: October 2018

On entering prison, prisoners lose their home, their possessions and their very identity as a person, becoming just a number. Transformative learning through Prison-based Higher-level Distance Learning (PHDL) can be the vehicle by which prisoners begin to find a new positive identity as a student. This article argues that PHDL, post-secondary self-study using distance-learning materials, is potentially transformative, leading to positive changes in personal and social identity and making a positive difference to learners' lives during and after incarceration. The study on which this article is based, investigates perceptions of transformative learning for ex-prisoners and prisoners (men and women) who were due for release from 10 prisons in England and Wales. Using the ‘voices' of the participants, this article describes their learning journeys, the motivation to study and the network of support required to overcome the extreme difficulties of study in prison. Although results varied from prison to prison, participation in PHDL produced psychological outcomes including, increased self-awareness, positive identity and resilience. The article concludes that PHDL encourages positive personal change in incarcerated students through transformative learning, with raised hope and realistic aspirations for continuation of learning, employment and a brighter future upon release.
Inside Out Literacies
Authors: Kendall Alex , Hopkins Thomas
Published: October 2018

Since 1997, adult literacy education has been of increasing interest to UK policy makers amid perceptions/claims of a causal relationship between attainment in literacy and positive economic participation, social inclusion, and life chance transformation. However, research in the field of literacy studies suggests that many prisoners who identify as beginner readers, report feeling alienated by formal education failing to take sufficient account of the social identities learners bring to their learning or how they want to use literacy to bring about change in their lives. This has resulted in deficit models of the prisoner as learner that impose ‘spoiled educational identities' and fail to engage prisoners as active, agentic participants in their learning. In this article, the authors draw on data produced in the qualitative phase of a year-long study across the English prison estate of Shannon Trust's prison-based reading plan, to explore alternative approaches to prison literacy education that challenge the traditions of formal education and put learner identity and aspiration at the heart of the beginner reader learning process. The qualitative phase of the project involved twelve focus groups across eight prison settings and included 20 learner, and 37 mentor participants engaged in the Shannon Trust peer-reading programme. The authors listen closely to the voices of learners and mentors describing their experiences of peer to peer learning and plug in Anita Wilson's concepts of educentricity and third space literacies to read participants' experiences of formal and informal literacy education. They make use of this analysis to identify and describe a ‘grounded pedagogy' approach that pays attention to learning as social practice and enables prisoners to re-imagine themselves both as learners and social actors and to begin to connect their learning to self-directed desistence identity building. The authors conclude with a consideration of the implications of this work for prison literacy teaching and the potential role of grounded pedagogy ideas in the development of more provocative approaches to prison teacher education.
The Role of Education and NGOs in the Reintegration of Inmates in Hungary
Authors: Miklósi Márta , Juhász Erika
Published: October 2018

The period of imprisonment in a penitentiary institution has four overall purposes: retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. Retribution means punishment for crimes against society; it purportedly prevents future crime by removing the desire for personal avengement against the convict. Incapacitation refers to the removal of criminals from society so that they can no longer harm innocent people, and it prevents future crime by removing the convict from society. Deterrence means the prevention of future crime. Rehabilitation prevents future crime by modifying a convict's behavior and refers to those activities designed to change criminals into law abiding citizens. Rehabilitation may include providing educational and vocational programs in prison, teaching job skills and offering counselling with a psychologist or social worker. The rehabilitation does not necessarily come to an end at the moment of release, it can continue later. Recent scholarship indicates a shifting perspective on the responsibility of correctional institutions for successful reentry. Reentry begins on the first day of incarceration. Commonly, there are three phases of offender reentry programs: programs that take place during incarceration, which aim to prepare offenders for their eventual release; programs that take place during offenders' release period, which seek to connect ex-offenders with the various services they may require; and long-term programs that take place as ex-offenders permanently reintegrate back into their communities, which attempt to provide offenders with support and supervision. In Hungary, the first and second phases are known and used, but currently the system lacks long-term programmes. In the short period (maximum 1 year) after release, the activities of non-governmental, church and other charitable organizations greatly contribute to realizing reintegration. To reach the goals of reintegration, it is important that the inmate voluntarily and actively participate; that all sectors of prison life be purposefully coordinated, and that ‘free society' collaborate. This article describes how education is delivered in Hungarian prisons. The duty of correctional institutions is, along with detaining the convict, to facilitate inmates' reintegration into society in the greatest numbers possible. Reintegration and resocialization starts in the correctional facility and after release, the inmates are assisted by non-government organizations (NGOs). In Hungary, the actions of authorities and social organizations complement each other to facilitate inmate reentry. The situation is, however, exacerbated by the fact the rate of social involvement in Hungary is slight, which seriously hinders successful reintegration.
Prisoners' Basic Skills and Subsequent Education Involvement
Authors: Cara Olga , Creese Brian
Published: October 2018

The Centre for Education in the Criminal Justice System (CECJS) at UCL Institute of Education recognises that, in order to design a coherent prison education system, it is necessary to have an informed understanding of the current educational levels of the learners. Until recently, information available on the levels of literacy and numeracy skills of the prison population was considerably out of date, and therefore unhelpful to the current context. However, from this current and ongoing work we are beginning to gain an updated picture of skill levels. In November 2015, CECJS released an initial analysis into prisoners' basic skills levels based on the ‘mandatory assessments' in English and maths in 2014/15. This paper builds on that analysis using the official data gleaned from the 2014/15 Individualised Learning Record database, which is both consistent with, and supplements, the information from the prison education providers. The paper is structured to first validate the overall findings of the initial report regarding skills level of the incoming prison population. It examines how the assessment data is used by providers to inform placement of prisoners on appropriate basic skill courses, and analyses the progression trajectories of prisoners. It then details the performance of prisoners on basic English and maths courses, including their progression and achievement. The findings suggest a system that is failing to deliver education to its most vulnerable learners in prison. The majority of prisoners, including those with the lowest skills levels of English and maths, do not progress to higher levels and are insufficiently challenged. Of those prisoners enrolled on courses of study, only half complete and often only at levels lower than their previously assessed levels. The conclusion provides recommendations for policy makers and urgently calls for more research.
Reliability Analysis of Liquefaction for Some Regions of Bihar
Authors: Umar Sujeet Kumar , Samui Pijush , Kumari Sunita
Published: October 2018

There are many deterministic and probabilistic liquefaction assessment measures to classify if soil liquefaction will take place or not. Different approaches give dissimilar safety factor and liquefaction probabilities. So, reliability analysis is required to deal with these different uncertainties. This paper describes a reliability technique for predicting the seismic liquefaction potential of soils of some areas at Bihar State. Here a reliability approach has been presented in order to find the probability of liquefaction. The proposed approach is formulated on the basis of the results of reliability analyses of 234 field data. Using a deterministic simplified Idriss and Boulanger method, factor of safety of soil has been accessed. The reliability index as well as corresponding probability of liquefaction has been determined based on a First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method. The developed method can be used as a robust tool for engineers concerned in the estimation of liquefaction potential.
A Proposed Rapid Visual Screening Procedure for Developing Countries
Authors: Chanu Ningthoujam Monika , Nanda Radhikesh Prasad
Published: October 2018

Many earthquakes in the past had shown that major damage to structures took place in the absence of proper design, construction, and quality control. Based on the extent of damages caused by earlier earthquakes and the building vulnerability parameters that has caused the damages, a statistical analysis was carried out to develop a vulnerability score sheet. In this score sheet, a vulnerability score is computed considering building attributes such as soft storey, substantial overhang, re-entrant corners, the age of buildings, apparent material and construction quality, eccentric staircase location with respect to building plan, maintenance, soil type and a number of storeys. This score sheet will be a very helpful technique for assessing huge building stocks.
Impact Induced Responses of Saturated and Dry Dense Sand
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Ali Adnan F. , Ahmed Balqees A.
Published: October 2018

The present article includes an experimental study of the behavior of dry and saturated dense sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load. Dry and saturated dense sand models were tested under impact loads. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of dense soils were evaluated at surface of soil under impact load. These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and the displacement at different depths within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A waterproof, and low capacity acceleration transducer) that are embedded in the soil in addition to soil pressure gauges and then recorded using the multi-recorder TMR-200. Based on the experimental test results, it was found that as the sand becomes saturated, the amplitude of the force-time history decreases by about 10-22% since the voids are filled with water which lead to less contact points between particles. Moreover, the resulting vertical displacement due to impact increases by about 20-60% as compared to the case of dry sand at a depth B (where B is the diameter of the bearing plate) from the bearing plate. Such a behavior is related to two compressive waves through the saturated medium; the fluid wave and the soil skeleton wave with a coupled motion of those two waves hence, makes the displacement to be larger in the saturated soil. The horizontal displacement within the soil medium at a distance B away from the edge of the footing are less than the displacements in dry state. The excess pore water pressure increases by about 40% as the amplitude of the impact force increases due to the increase of the contact pressure.
Comparison and Evaluation of Organizational Transactions for Continuous Auditing and Business Compliance
Authors: Marques Rui Pedro , Santos Henrique , Santos Carlos
Published: October 2018

This article presents a comparator module which aims to compare, in real time, executions of organizational transactions with patterns of behaviors of these transaction executions, allowing the determination of which execution pattern is being followed by running each transaction. This is according to information received by the internal control mechanisms, which continuously monitors the transaction executions. A possible application using this module was deployed and results were obtained from a case study. The results prove effectiveness of the module, mainly because it is able to assess business compliance and the qualitative risk associated to each transaction execution while it is running, enabling an efficient continuous auditing application. The innovation of this article is ensured by the use of an ontological model to represent organizational transactions, which can be applicable to any type of transaction in any business area in order to audit transactions at a very low level, contrary to what happens in traditional auditing, which occurs at a high level (e.g. compare whether a completed transaction has followed a set of procedures). Besides the conceptualization, this work presents some technical details of development and discussion of results from the case study.
Aligning Supply Chain Logistics Costs via ERP Coordination
Authors: Muscatello Joseph R. , Parente Diane H. , Swinarski Matthew
Published: October 2018

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems address the problem of disparate information in an organization and coordinates mechanisms to eliminate supply chain sub-optimization. Logistics costs are a substantial part of an operation and this research provides insights into the relationship between ERP implementations and logistics costs. The research uses a two-step approach, conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the psychometric properties of our measures and then conducting an independent sample t-test between two groups, one which experienced decreased logistic costs and the second which experienced the same or increasing logistic costs. By examining the effects of ERP implementations on a specific area of the firm, logistics costs, this research has provided insight into the areas of ERP implementation and firm impact.
Visual Analytics Adoption in Business Enterprises
Authors: Daradkeh Mohammad
Published: October 2018

Visual analytics is increasingly being recognized as a source of competitive advantage. Yet, limited research has examined the factors deriving it organizational adoption. By integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) with the task-technology fit (TTF) model, this research developed a model for visual analytics adoption in business enterprises. To test the research model, data was collected through a questionnaire survey distributed to 400 business professionals working in a variety of industries in Jordan. Collected data were tested and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Findings of this research confirmed the applicability of the integrated TAM/TTF model to explain the key factors that affect the adoption of visual analytics systems for work-related tasks. Specifically, the results of this research demonstrated that the task, technology, and user characteristics are fundamental and influential antecedents of TTF, which in turn has a significant positive effect on the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of visual analytics systems. Additionally, there are significant positive effects from perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use toward users' intention to adopt visual analytics systems, and a firm relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of visual analytics systems. Together all these constructs explain 59.9% of the variance in user's intention to adopt visual analytics systems at the workplace. Findings of this research provide several important implications for research and practice, and thus should help in the design and development of more user-accepted visual analytics systems and applications.