bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of unavailable donation opportunities on donation choice
Authors: Morvinski Coby
Published: January 2022

In the context of charitable donation decisions, we demonstrate that adding information to the decision context about a fundraising campaign one cannot act on (i.e., an unavailable alternative) increases donations for the remaining, available campaign. At times, adding an unavailable alternative is even more effective at increasing the donation rate than adding an available alternative to the choice set, contradicting the normative assumption that having more options is better. We find preliminary evidence suggesting that the effect is driven by perceived impact—adding an unavailable alternative leads consumers to believe their donation will have a greater impact on the remaining cause. This investigation contributes to the consumer prosocial behavior literature by demonstrating the positive effect of unavailable alternatives on donation choice and identifying its extent and determinants. Future directions and practical implications for fundraising managers are discussed.
Optical biosensor based on enhanced surface plasmon resonance: theoretical optimization
Authors: Meradi Kada A. , Tayeboun Fatima , Guerinik Amine , Zaky Zaky A. , Aly Arafa H.
Published: January 2022

In this article, a theoretical design of enhanced surface plasmon resonance is proposed. The suggested sensor is composed of titanium, silver, graphene, photonic crystal, and a sensing layer. This structure is used to detect cancer cells and hemoglobin in blood plasma based on their refractive indices. Different parameters such as sensitivity and figure of merit are studied at an operating wavelength of 633 nm. The recorded sensitivity and figure of merit are 72 degrees/RIU and 346 RIU−1. The ability of the proposed sensor to detect cancer cells and blood plasma concentration will be investigated.
Bullies, victims, and meanies: the role of child and classmate social and emotional competencies
Authors: D’Urso Giulio , Symonds Jennifer , Sloan Seaneen , Devine Dympna
Published: January 2022

This study used a personal oriented approach to identify distinct combinations of children’s experiences of bullying and victimisation in the Irish primary school context. The study investigated the social and emotional characteristics that predicted those profiles at individual and classroom levels. The sample of 2,062 participants was drawn from the Irish national cohort study Children’s School Lives. We analysed teacher reports of individual children’s strengths and difficulties and neglect, and child reports of experiences of bullying, victimisation, and care from classmates. Latent profile analysis revealed five main profiles of bullying and victimisation in Irish primary schools. Approximately 40% of the children were distributed in the atypical profiles (i.e., bullies, meanies, victims, and bully-victims) with the other 60% of children reporting very low levels of bullying and victimisation. Multilevel modelling predicted the profile membership from a set of social and emotional predictors from individual and classroom levels. At the individual level, being a bully was predicted by higher child neglect, hyperactivity, conduct problems, and peer problems; being a meanie was predicted by hyperactivity, peer problems, and less caring classmates; being a victim was predicted by child neglect, conduct problems, and less caring classmates; and being a bully-victim was predicted by conduct problems and less caring classmates. At the classroom level, being a victim was predicted by being in a classroom comprised of younger children, and in classrooms where children were less caring on average. Theoretical and psycho-educational implications are discussed.
Structure Estimation of 2D Listric Faults Using Quadratic Bezier Curve for Depth Varying Density Distributions
Authors: Roy Arka , Kumar Thatikonda Suresh , Sharma Rajat Kumar
Published: January 2022

A contemporary and decisive optimization algorithm is developed for inverting gravity anomalies due to listric faults. The cross‐section of listric faults are generally concave up, and the dip of the fault plane gradually decreases with depth. Quadratic Bezier curves are utilized to represent the curvature of the fault plane. The densities of sediment deposition are assumed to be known and can take any linear or non‐linear functional form of depth. By constraining the density, a global optimization algorithm is adopted to estimate the fault structure by inverting control point parameters of Bezier curves. The presented algorithm is implemented in two different synthetic models having fixed and depth varying density contrasts. The robustness of the algorithm is authenticated by incorporating white Gaussian noise into synthetic gravity anomalies. A detailed uncertainty appraisal is also performed to justify the reliability of the algorithm. Finally, a real structure is reconstructed using observed gravity anomalies, and the estimated structure is verified with the structure obtained in previously published literature. Furthermore, a Matlab based GUI is developed such that any user can estimate real listric fault structure without any computational difficulties.
E2F and STAT3 provide transcriptional synergy for histone variant H2AZ activation to sustain glioblastoma chromatin accessibility and tumorigenicity
Authors: Yoon Jeehyun , Grinchuk Oleg V. , Tirado-Magallanes Roberto , Ngian Zhen Kai , Tay Emmy Xue Yun , Chuah You Heng , Lee Bernice Woon Li , Feng Jia , Crasta Karen Carmelina , Ong Chin Tong , Benoukraf Touati , Ong Derrick Sek Tong
Published: January 2022

The histone variant H2AZ is overexpressed in diverse cancer types where it facilitates the accessibility of transcriptional regulators to the promoters of cell cycle genes. However, the molecular basis for its dysregulation in cancer remains unknown. Here, we report that glioblastomas (GBM) and glioma stem cells (GSCs) preferentially overexpress H2AZ for their proliferation, stemness and tumorigenicity. Chromatin accessibility analysis of H2AZ2 depleted GSC revealed that E2F1 occupies the enhancer region within H2AZ2 gene promoter, thereby activating H2AZ2 transcription. Exploration of other H2AZ2 transcriptional activators using a customized “anti-H2AZ2” query signature for connectivity map analysis identified STAT3. Co-targeting E2F and STAT3 synergistically reduced the levels of H2AZ, histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and cell cycle gene transcription, indicating that E2F1 and STAT3 synergize to activate H2AZ gene transcription in GSCs. Remarkably, an E2F/STAT3 inhibitor combination durably suppresses GSC tumorigenicity in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. In glioma patients, high STAT3 signaling is associated with high E2F1 and H2AZ2 expression. Thus, GBM has uniquely opted the use of E2F1- and STAT3-containing “enhanceosomes” that integrate multiple signaling pathways to achieve H2AZ gene activation, supporting a translational path for the E2F/STAT3 inhibitor combination to be applied in GBM treatment.
Detection of small-sized DNA fragments in a glassy nanopore by utilization of CRISPR-Cas12a as a converter system
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Liu Minyi , Cui Haofa , Ziaee Muhammad Asad , Sun Rongwei , Chen Liting , Chen Daqi , Garoli Denis , Wang Jiahai
Published: January 2022

Small-sized DNA fragments were converted into relatively large DNA tetrahedrons based on the CRISPR-Cas12a technology. This conversion approach enlarged the signal of small targets, make it easier and more reproducible for glassy nanopores to detect.
Metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry in cancer theranostics
Authors: Wu Dan , Yang Kuikun , Zhang Zhankui , Feng Yunxuan , Rao Lang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Yu Guocan
Published: January 2022

In this Review, recent progress in cancer theranostics on the basis of metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry is depicted in detail and future prospects in this emerging field are emphasized.
Oxygen relocation during HfO2 ALD on InAs
Authors: D’Acunto Giulio , Kokkonen Esko , Shayesteh Payam , Boix Virginia , Rehman Foqia , Mosahebfard Zohreh , Lind Erik , Schnadt Joachim , Timm Rainer
Published: January 2022

In situ and time-resolved APXPS reveals the initial ALD process beyond the standard ligand exchange model, resulting in native oxide-free InAs/HfO2 interfaces for high-speed MOSFET.
Visible-light-promoted catalyst-/additive-free synthesis of aroylated heterocycles in a sustainable solvent
Authors: Zeng Fan-Lin , Xie Kun-Chen , Liu Yu-Ting , Wang He , Yin Peng-Cheng , Qu Ling-Bo , Chen Xiao-Lan , Yu Bing
Published: January 2022

A general visible-light-induced catalyst-/additive-free strategy was developed for the construction of various aroylated heterocyclesunder air and room temperature conditions.
Simultaneous determination of lithology and major elements in rocks using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Chen Sha , Pei Hongliang , Pisonero Jorge , Yang Suixian , Fan Qingwen , Wang Xu , Duan Yixiang
Published: January 2022

By combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, this study reports a multi-task analysis method to simultaneously solve the problems of lithological recognition and the quantitative analysis of seven major chemical elements in rock analysis.
An insight into antimycobacterial and antioxidant potentials of INH-Schiff base complexes and in silico targeting of MtKasB receptor of M. tuberculosis
Authors: Meeran I. Salim , Raja T. William , Dusthakeer V. N. Azger , Ali M. Mohamed Naseer , Tajudeen S. Syed , Shabeer T. K.
Published: January 2022

Isoniazid Schiff base complexes synthesized by the molecular hybridization strategy revealed enhanced anti-tubercular (100% killing of M. tb strain) and antioxidant activities.
New 3,1,2,4-benzothiaselenadiazines, related π-heterocycles including Herz cations, radicals and molecular complexes, and Bunte salts
Authors: Makarov Alexander Yu. , Volkova Yulia M. , Zikirin Samat B. , Irtegova Irina G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Nefedov Andrey A. , Zibarev Andrey V.
Published: January 2022

3,1,2,4-Benzothiaselenadiazines, 1,3,2,4-benzodithiadiazines and 1,2,4,3,5-benzotrithiadiazepines are synthesized from Ar–NSN–SiMe3and chalcogen chlorides, and converted into Herz salts, radicals and molecular complexes, and S- and Se-Bunte salts.
Novel functionalization of ZIF-67 for an efficient broad-spectrum photocatalyst: formaldehyde degradation at room temperature
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Yinan , Xu Shujun , Lin Changmei , Ma Xiaojuan , Ni Yonghao , Cao Shilin
Published: January 2022

The UV-vis broad-spectrum photocatalytic degradation of HCHO is firstly achieved by functionalized ZIF-67.
Three new POM-based coordination polymers with 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene ligand: syntheses, structures and proton conductivity
Authors: Chen Lin-Lin , Shi Ya-Jie , Wu Wen-Wen , Wang Jia-Xin , Li Ya-Min , Bai Yan , Dang Dong-Bin
Published: January 2022

Three POM-based coordination polymers with 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene have been synthesized. 1 exhibits a rare 3,6-connected pyr topology; 2 and 3 reveal 3D hydrogen-bonded structures with good proton conductivity.
Differential effect of canagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on slow and fast skeletal muscles from nondiabetic mice
Authors: Otsuka Hiroko , Yokomizo Hisashi , Nakamura Shintaro , Izumi Yoshihiro , Takahashi Masatomo , Obara Sachiko , Nakao Motonao , Ikeda Yosuke , Sato Naoichi , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Miyachi Yasutaka , Miyazawa Takashi , Bamba Takeshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: January 2022

There has been a concern that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors could reduce skeletal muscle mass and function. Here, we examine the effect of canagliflozin (CANA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, on slow and fast muscles from nondiabetic C57BL/6J mice. In this study, mice were fed with or without CANA under ad libitum feeding, and then evaluated for metabolic valuables as well as slow and fast muscle mass and function. We also examined the effect of CANA on gene expressions and metabolites in slow and fast muscles. During SGLT2 inhibition, fast muscle function is increased, as accompanied by increased food intake, whereas slow muscle function is unaffected, although slow and fast muscle mass is maintained. When the amount of food in CANA-treated mice is adjusted to that in vehicle-treated mice, fast muscle mass and function are reduced, but slow muscle was unaffected during SGLT2 inhibition. In metabolome analysis, glycolytic metabolites and ATP are increased in fast muscle, whereas glycolytic metabolites are reduced but ATP is maintained in slow muscle during SGLT2 inhibition. Amino acids and free fatty acids are increased in slow muscle, but unchanged in fast muscle during SGLT2 inhibition. The metabolic effects on slow and fast muscles are exaggerated when food intake is restricted. This study demonstrates the differential effects of an SGLT2 inhibitor on slow and fast muscles independent of impaired glucose metabolism, thereby providing new insights into how they should be used in patients with diabetes, who are at a high risk of sarcopenia.
Probing altered enzyme activity in the biochemical characterization of cancer
Authors: Adam Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed , Sohl Christal D.
Published: January 2022

Enzymes have evolved to catalyze their precise reactions at the necessary rates, locations, and time to facilitate our development, to respond to a variety of insults and challenges, and to maintain a healthy, balanced state. Enzymes achieve this extraordinary feat through their unique kinetic parameters, myriad regulatory strategies, and their sensitivity to their surroundings, including substrate concentration and pH. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) highlights the extraordinary number of ways in which the finely tuned activities of enzymes can be disrupted, contributing to cancer development and progression often due to somatic and/or inherited genetic alterations. Rather than being limited to the domain of enzymologists, kinetic constants such as kcat, Km, and kcat/Km are highly informative parameters that can impact a cancer patient in tangible ways—these parameters can be used to sort tumor driver mutations from passenger mutations, to establish the pathways that cancer cells rely on to drive patients’ tumors, to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, to identify mechanisms of resistance to treatment, and more. In this review, we will discuss how changes in enzyme activity, primarily through somatic mutation, can lead to altered kinetic parameters, new activities, or changes in conformation and oligomerization. We will also address how changes in the tumor microenvironment can affect enzymatic activity, and briefly describe how enzymology, when combined with additional powerful tools, and can provide us with tremendous insight into the chemical and molecular mechanisms of cancer.
Resources for Ethical Decision-Making
Authors: Gleason A. Tucker
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This article is written from the perspective of a former American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Board of Ethics (BOE) member and focuses on Step 3 of the ethical decision-making process: consulting resources. The ASHA Code of Ethics, the Assistants Code of Conduct, and general procedures of the BOE are summarized. Given that many of the complaints reviewed and settled by the ASHA BOE arise from disciplinary actions imposed by state licensing boards and state or federal courts, the “intersection” of the ASHA BOE and other regulatory agencies is considered. Several ethics resources available on the ASHA website are highlighted. Common themes of ethics complaints are presented, and suggestions to avoid being the subject of an ethics complaint are offered.

Conclusion:

Familiarity with available ethics resources can serve as an important buffer for ethical dilemmas that may occur in everyday professional practice.
Application of Geophysical Technology in Engineering Investigation
Authors: Zhao Chuanting , Ran Jiantao , Xue Lijun , Wang Kaifei , Cui Yangang
Published: January 2022

With the development of science and technology and the progress of society, various high and new technologies have increasingly shown their respective advantages. Among them, geophysical prospecting technology is a typical representative. Because it can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of engineering, and at the same time, it also plays an important role in engineering safety and prevention. Therefore, it is widely promoted and applied, especially in engineering survey work. This article studies the importance of geophysical prospecting in engineering exploration, the methods of geophysical prospecting technology, the application of geophysical prospecting technology, and the development trend of geophysical prospecting technology. How to better understand the application of geophysical prospecting technology and rationally choose working methods and methods, so as to serve the geological exploration work to the utmost extent, is an important topic that needs to be solved and studied urgently.
Analyzing the Factors Affecting Neonatal Mortality Control in Iran by Providing a Model
Authors: Madadzadeh Negin , Hessam Somayeh , Hajinabi Kamran , Komeili Ali
Published: January 2022

Introduction Despite Iran’s success in reducing neonatal mortality rate, it is still far behind some developing countries and some Asian countries. The aim of this study was to summarize the measures taken and proposed solutions to design a model to control neonatal mortality.

Methods This applied cross-sectional analytical study was performed using a factor analysis method derived from 4 models of neonatal mortality reduction. After reviewing different texts and patterns, the common and non-common dimensions of these patterns were set in a comparative table. The results of the comparative studies were designed in the form of a questionnaire and sent to 30 experts for reliability and validity. CVI and CVR validity and Cronbach’s α reliability were confirmed and in order to validate the model, the final questionnaire was completed and summarized by interviewing 311 people from 7 provinces in a multi-stage interview method using multi-stage random sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 and AMOS-18 software.

Results 6 factors were found to be effective in controlling neonatal mortality, including access to health care, health policy, health services, health information systems, family involvement, and evaluation. Access to health care services had the most significant effect with 23.19% of explained variance, and participation and evaluation with 1.19% of explained variance had the least effect.

Conclusion The proposed model has the greatest impact on the access to health care services and the least impact on the evaluation component.
Efficient Synthesis of N-Carbamoylpropargylamines from α-Amido Sulfones Using Dimethylalkynylaluminum Reagents
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyeup , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: January 2022

Dimethylalkynylaluminum reagents derived from terminal alkynes and trimethylaluminum underwent addition to various N-activated α-amido sulfones to produce the corresponding alkynylamines in moderate to excellent yields. The optimized protocol avoids the preparation and isolation of relatively unstable N-activated imines that are generated in situ from their corresponding, stable, N-activated α-amido sulfones. This methodology provides access to a wide range of alkynylamines containing N-carbamoyl, -acyl, and -sulfonyl moieties.
Dismantling Inequities in Adolescent and Young Adult Health through a Sexual and Reproductive Health Justice Approach
Authors: Barral Romina , Kelley Michele A. , Harrison Megan E. , Svetaz Maria Veronica , Efevbera Yvette , Bhave Swati , Kanbur Nuray
Published: January 2022

This article provides an overview of the social determinants of adolescents and young adults' (AYAs') sexual and reproductive health (SRH), from a global health perspective. The status of AYAs' SRH constitutes leading health indicators across nations and globally, and reveals the well-being of this population. Throughout the article, AYAs' SRH is approached from a health equity perspective, which includes SRH health rights and reproductive justice. Using this health equity lens, salient topics are presented: sexual abuse/assault among AYAs; immigrant and refugee populations; child, early, and forced marriage; human trafficking; and female genital mutilation. The article also discusses access to SRH services and comprehensive education. Practical implications and resources are offered for healthcare providers for their daily encounters with AYAs, as well as for community, institutional level, and advocacy action. Healthcare providers are well positioned to advance AYAs SRH through mitigating inequities and in so doing, they are assuring the health of the population and future generations.
Elasticity in crystals with a high density of local defects: Insights from ultra-soft colloids
Authors: Ganguly Saswati , Shrivastav Gaurav Prakash , Lin Shang-Chun , Häring Johannes , Haussmann Rudolf , Kahl Gerhard , Oettel Martin , Fuchs Matthias
Published: January 2022

In complex crystals close to melting or at finite temperatures, different types of defects are ubiquitous and their role becomes relevant in the mechanical response of these solids. Conventional elasticity theory fails to provide a microscopic basis to include and account for the motion of point defects in an otherwise ordered crystalline structure. We study the elastic properties of a point-defect rich crystal within a first principles theoretical framework derived from the microscopic equations of motion. This framework allows us to make specific predictions pertaining to the mechanical properties that we can validate through deformation experiments performed in molecular dynamics simulations.
Multimode propagation in phononic crystals with overlapping Bragg and hybridization effects
Authors: Croënne C. , Lee E. J. S. , Page J. H.
Published: January 2022

Unusual dispersion properties are observed in a phononic crystal of nylon rods in water when the lattice constant is adjusted so that Bragg and hybridization gaps overlap in frequency. On the basis of experimental and numerical analyses of time-dependent transmission and spatial field maps, the presence of two coexisting propagation modes of similar amplitude is demonstrated near the resonance frequency. This phenomenon is attributed to the coupling of the rod resonances arranged in a triangular lattice, with phase shifts driven by the Bragg condition.
Nonlinear liquid sloshing in an upright circular container: Modal responses and higher-order harmonics
Authors: Liu Runzhi , Shao Yanlin , Chen Jikang , Liang Hui
Published: January 2022

Nonlinear sloshing in an upright circular container near the lowest natural frequency is analyzed by using a fully nonlinear overset-mesh-based harmonic polynomial cell method, two weakly nonlinear Narimanov–Moiseev-type multimodal models and a linear multimodal method. Modal responses are extracted from the fully nonlinear results based on a simple but accurate least-square procedure using the time series of free-surface wave elevations, which provides new ways to delve into the underlying modal responses and energy transfer between modes, as well as to verify the validity of ordering assumptions in the weakly nonlinear models. Wavelet analyses are also performed for the wave elevations and generalized coordinates of the modes to better understand the time-frequency information of the higher harmonics of the sloshing responses and energy transfer in a nonlinear process. Planar harmonic sloshing state, swirling harmonic sloshing state, and periodically modulated sloshing state are analyzed. It is found that the energy is more dispersed among different modes in the periodically modulated sloshing state, which means higher natural modes are consequential. In general, energies are found to transfer from lower to higher natural modes and between symmetric and antisymmetric natural modes. The results also show that the O(ε1/3) and O(ε2/3) responses are dominated by only first and second harmonics, respectively, while the O(ε) response contains non-negligible first and third harmonic contribution. At last, the influence of initial disturbance is examined, demonstrating that different initial disturbances may lead to the different rotation direction of the swirling waves and the sloshing-wave responses in the transient stage, while the main characteristics of the sloshing waves are robust and independent of initial conditions.
Optimizing reaction coordinate by flux maximization in the transition path ensemble
Authors: Li Wenjin
Published: January 2022

The transition path ensemble is a collection of reactive trajectories, all of which largely keep going forward along the transition channel from the reactant state to the product one, and is believed to possess the information necessary for the identification of reaction coordinates. Previously, the full coordinates (both position and momentum) of the snapshots in the transition path ensemble were utilized to obtain the reaction coordinate [W. Li and A. Ma, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 114103 (2016) and W. Li, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 084105 (2018)]. Here, with the conformational (or position) coordinates alone, it is suggested that a meaningful one-dimensional representation of the reaction coordinate can be obtained by maximizing the flux (the net number of transitions through the dividing surface) of a given coordinate in the transition path ensemble. In the application to alanine dipeptide in vacuum, dihedral angles ϕ and θ were identified to be the two best reaction coordinates, which was consistent with the results in the existing studies. A linear combination of these two coordinates gave a better reaction coordinate, which is highly correlated with the committor. Most importantly, the method obtained a linear combination of pairwise distances between heavy atoms, which was highly correlated with the committor as well. The standard deviation of the committor at the transition region defined by the optimized reaction coordinate is as small as 0.08. In addition, the effects of practical factors, such as the choice of transition path sub-ensembles and saving interval between frames in transition paths, on reaction coordinate optimization were also considered.
Resonant electronic Raman scattering from Ir4+ ions in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Seyidov Palvan , Ramsteiner Manfred , Galazka Zbigniew , Irmscher Klaus
Published: January 2022

We report the observation of resonant electronic Raman scattering (ERS) originating from Ir4+ ions in bulk β-Ga2O3 crystals grown by the Czochralski method. The observed ERS peak at 5150 cm−1 at room temperature is attributed to an internal transition within the split 2T2g ground state of Ir4+ ions under strong octahedral crystal field conditions and combined action of spin–orbit coupling and low-symmetry field components. The ERS efficiency is found to strongly depend on the photon energy used for optical excitation and exhibits a maximum at about 2.9 eV. In accordance with the linear dependence of the ERS peak intensity on the optical excitation power, the enhancement around 2.9 eV is explained by Raman scattering in resonance with electronic transitions from the Ir4+ ground state 2T2g to the first excited state 4T1g. The optically induced Ir3+/4+ charge transfer is discussed as an alternative, but less likely the origin of the observed enhancement of the ERS efficiency.
Impurity-hydrogen complexes in β-Ga2O3: Hydrogenation of shallow donors vs deep acceptors
Authors: Venzie Andrew , Portoff Amanda , Valenzuela E. Celeste Perez , Stavola Michael , Fowler W. Beall , Pearton Stephen J. , Glaser Evan R.
Published: January 2022

Substitutional impurities in β-Ga2O3 are used to make the material n-type or semi-insulating. Several O–H and O–D vibrational lines for complexes that involve impurities that are shallow donors and deep acceptors have been reported recently. The present article compares and contrasts the vibrational properties of complexes that involve shallow donors (OD-Si and OD-Ge) with complexes that involve deep acceptors (OD-Fe and OD-Mg). Theoretical analysis suggests that these results arise from defect complexes based on a shifted configuration of the Ga(1) vacancy with a trapped H atom and a nearby impurity.
Vortex dynamics of supercritical carbon dioxide flow past a heated circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Xie Jingzhe , Xie Gongnan
Published: January 2022

The vortex dynamics in the steady regime and laminar vortex shedding regime with Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 15 to 150 are systematically investigated for supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) through a high-resolution numerical method in this paper. Numerical results of constant-property air are validated with the available experimental and numerical data from various angles. Excellent agreements are found between the present work and the previous studies. By comparing one vortex shedding process between SCO2 and conventional air, it is found that for SCO2 the period from the initial growth state of one vortex to its dominant state of inducing a new counter-rotating vortex on the other side of the body wake is accelerated, which contributes to the higher Strouhal frequency of SCO2 to a certain extent. By analyzing the development of lift coefficient history and the instantaneous vorticity near the onset of vortex shedding, transition from the steady separated flow to the primary wake instability for SCO2 is found between Re of 28 and 29, exactly 28.2 predicted by the intersection of the fitting curves of the base suction, much lower than the classical value (∼ 47). The wake bubble in the steady regime enlarges in size as Re increases, while in the laminar shedding regime the mean recirculation region decreases with Re. The distributions of local quantities, such as pressure coefficient, friction coefficient, and Nusselt number along the circumference, are presented to understand the development of the flow. The two dimensionality of the wake is confirmed at Re of 150 by comparing with the three-dimensional calculation. A new three-term correlation is proposed to represent the Strouhal–Reynolds number relation for SCO2 in parallel shedding mode.
Recurrent mutations in topoisomerase IIα cause a previously undescribed mutator phenotype in human cancers
Authors: Boot Arnoud , Liu Mo , Stantial Nicole , Shah Viraj , Yu Willie , Nitiss Karin C. , Nitiss John L. , Jinks-Robertson Sue , Rozen Steven G.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Topoisomerases are crucial for genome maintenance and are targets for several chemotherapeutic agents. While anticancer drugs targeting topoisomerases can lead to secondary malignancies, there have been no descriptions of genetic defects in topoisomerases having roles in cancer development. Here we show that a somatic topoisomerase IIα mutation found in human tumors results in a mutator phenotype. We show that this mutation and the concomitant mutational signature, which we call ID_TOP2α, are associated with genomic rearrangements and with potentially oncogenic indel mutations in known driver genes. Our results shed new light on topoisomerase IIα function, on repair of trapped cleavage complexes, and on a likely oncogenic role for topoisomerases.
Polarization-dependent multidirectional coupler based on Y-branch silicon waveguide integrated with single optimized catenary antenna
Authors: Chen Cong , Chen Panpan , Mi Jiajia , Chen Xiaohu , Shi Jianping
Published: January 2022

The amount of data that needs to be processed is increasing rapidly with the development and innovation of information technology. Nevertheless, the traditional unidirectional transmission device, which is only suitable for serial operation, is slow in processing data and is severely restricted in the field of information processing. In this study, a multidirectional coupler is designed and simulated through the finite-difference time-domain method to improve data computing speed. The coupler consists of a Y-branch silicon waveguide integrated with a single metallic catenary antenna placed on a silicon dioxide substrate. The light flow of the coupler can be coupled to multiple directions by controlling the polarization of the illuminated light. Then, the optical performance of the multidirectional coupler is enhanced via adopting the optimization algorithm to optimize the widths of the catenary. Furthermore, the polarization state of the incident light can be identified by detecting the power output from the ports of the coupler. Therefore, the multidirectional coupler might show enormous application prospects in photonic chips, quantum communication, on-chip information transmission, and processing.
Flexible thermoelectric films based on interconnected magnetic nanowire networks
Authors: da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes Tristan , Marchal Nicolas , Araujo Flavio Abreu , Piraux Luc
Published: January 2022

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric devices capable of cooling or recovering waste heat from hot surfaces with complex geometries. This paper reviews recent developments on three-dimensional networks of interconnected ferromagnetic nanowires, which offer new perspectives for the fabrication of flexible thermoelectric modules. The nanowire arrays are fabricated by direct electrodeposition into the crossed nanopores of polymeric templates. This low-cost, easy and reliable method allows control over the geometry, composition and morphology of the nanowire array. Here we report measured thermoelectric characteristics as a function of temperature and magnetic field of nanowire networks formed from pure metals (Co, Fe, Ni), alloys (NiCo, NiFe and NiCr) and FM/Cu multilayers (with FM = Co, Co50Ni50 and Ni80Fe20). Homogeneous nanowire arrays have high thermoelectric power factors, almost as high as their bulk constituents, and allow for positive and negative Seebeck coefficient values. These high thermoelectric power factors are essentially maintained in multilayer nanowires which also exhibit high magnetic modulability of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. This has been exploited in newly designed flexible thermoelectric switches that allow switching from an ‘off’ state with zero thermoelectric output voltage to an ‘on’ state that can be easily measured by applying or removing a magnetic field. Overall, these results are a first step towards the development of flexible thermoelectric modules that use waste heat to power thermally activated sensors and logic devices.
Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications
Authors: Kashi M Almasi , Montazer A H
Published: January 2022

Realizing promising materials for use in next-generation devices at the nanoscale is of enormous importance from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated by template-based electrodeposition techniques have long been considered as good candidates for this purpose. In this review, we focus on the fabrication techniques and characterizations of electrochemically deposited NWs with single, binary, ternary and multilayered component structures mostly carried out in our group. Particular attention is paid to the crystalline and magnetic characteristics (coercivity, squareness, magnetic phase, interactions and magnetization reversal modes) of NW arrays embedded in mild and hard anodized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with different pore diameters. The pulsed alternating current electrodeposition technique is proposed as a versatile approach in high-efficiency filling of the AAO templates, while also allowing for tuning magnetic properties of the resultant NWs. The first-order reversal curve analysis is also highlighted as an advanced characterization tool for nanomagnet arrays. Finally, potential cutting-edge nanoscale applications (magnetic information storage, energy storage and conversion, electronics, biosensing, microwave absorption and giant magnetoresistance) of magnetic NWs are presented.
COVID-19 and welfare state support: the case of universal basic income
Authors: Weisstanner David
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has revived discussions about universal basic income (UBI) as a potential crisis response. Yet despite favorable circumstances, little actual policy change in this area was observed. This article seeks to explain this absence of policy change and to reflect on the prospects for introducing UBI schemes after the pandemic in European democracies. I argue that public opinion on UBI provides few electoral incentives to push for social policy change. Using prepandemic data from 21 European democracies and pandemic data from the UK, I show that political support for UBI has been divided between different groups who advocate conflicting policy goals and who hold divergent views about existing welfare state arrangements. While support for UBI might have increased during the pandemic, the underlying political dividing lines are likely to have remained intact. Due to these enduring divisions and the stable support for existing social policy arrangements over an untested policy, the prospects for introducing UBI schemes in the post-pandemic world remain uncertain.
Risk Factors for Rebound After Correction of Genu Valgum in Skeletal Dysplasia Patients Treated by Tension Band Plates
Authors: Ulusaloglu Armagan C. , Asma Ali , Rogers Kenneth J. , Thacker Mihir M. , Mackenzie William G.S. , Mackenzie William G.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Growth modulation using tension band plates (TBPs) is increasingly important for lower limb deformity correction in patients with skeletal dysplasia (SKD). Development of rebound deformity is a concern after TBP removal. Data regarding this complication are rare; therefore, we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for rebound deformity in children with SKD undergoing correction of genu valgum using TBP.

Methods:

All patients with SKD with genu valgum treated by TBP at the distal femur or/and proximal tibia at a single center were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: (1) minimum 2-year follow-up after TBP removal or having revision surgery for rebound deformity and (2) implant removal age for girls 14 years and below and boys 16 years and below. Exclusion criteria were any femoral/tibial osteotomies during TBP treatment or follow-up. A change of ≥3 degrees of mechanical lateral distal femoral and/or medial proximal tibial angle was accepted as rebound deformity and analyzed statistically.

Results:

Thirty-three patients (59 limbs; 52 femur and 29 tibia physes) met our criteria. Mean follow-up after implant removal was 43.7 months. Rebound deformities were seen in 43 limbs (39 femurs and 13 tibias). Boys had more rebound than girls; however, this was not influenced by body mass index. Femurs had more rebound than tibias. Patients in the rebound group were younger than the nonrebound group. Time from application to removal of TBP was shorter in the rebound versus nonrebound group. Overcorrected limbs had more rebound deformity than not overcorrected. The difference in growth velocity of lower limbs in the rebound versus nonrebound group was statistically significant. Patients with epiphyseal dysplasia had more rebound than metaphyseal dysplasia, but this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Risk factors for developing a rebound deformity after correction of genu valgum using TBP in SKD included male sex, TBP surgery at a young age, short duration of TBP implantation, overcorrected extremity (mechanical axis deviation ≤1), and high percent growth velocity after TBP removal.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—retrospective study.
Improved Detection Of Thromboembolic Complications In Left Ventricular Assist Device By Novel Accelerometer-Based Analysis
Authors: Schalit Itai , Espinoza Andreas , Pettersen Fred-Johan , Skulstad Helge , Fosse Erik , Fiane Arnt E. , Halvorsen Per S.
Published: January 2022

We have previously demonstrated that accelerometer-based vibration analysis detects thromboembolism and pump thrombosis in HeartWare Left Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) using the third harmonic frequency (pump_speedx3). Thromboembolism also affected the amplitude of the nonharmonic frequencies. The aim of this study was to determine whether nonharmonic-amplitude (NHA) analysis can improve the diagnosis of thromboembolic complications. An accelerometer was attached to HVAD in three in vitro and seven in vivo experiments. Control interventions, including load and pump speed alternations (n = 107), were followed by thromboembolic events (n = 60). A sliding fast-Fourier-transform was analyzed, and changes in NHAs were quantified in the acute phase and in a steady state. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed with cutoff values of NHA to detect thromboembolic events. Positive predictive values were calculated on the basis of a specificity of 1. In the acute phase, NHA change was 6.5 times higher under thromboembolism than under control interventions (p < 0.001). Most thromboembolic events lead to concomitant changes in both NHA and third-harmonic amplitude. Combining the two methods improved the PPV by 8.3%. At steady state, signal changes predominantly demonstrated either NHA or third-harmonic changes. Combined signal analysis improved the PPV by 36%. This method enhanced the detection of thromboembolism and pump thrombosis in the HVAD.
SynCardia Temporary Total Artificial Heart: Single-Center Experience at a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Perry Tanya , Morales David L. S. , Villa Chet R. , Benscoter Alexis , Fields Katrina , Lorts Angela
Published: January 2022

The SynCardia temporary total artificial heart (TAH-t) is a pneumatically driven pulsatile device that replaces a patient’s ventricles and all four valves. It is now available in two sizes and can be used in patients with sufficient chest size as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy. We describe our experience at a children’s hospital with the TAH-t. Seven patients implanted with a TAH-t at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center from November 2012 to March 2021 were included. Duration of support ranged from 10 to 414 days with a median of 27 days. There was a trend toward decreased time to extubation and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, with the three most recent patients being extubated on postoperative day 1. Seventy-one percent of the patients were successfully transplanted following their TAH-t placement. Children and young adults with transplant graft failure requiring durable, biventricular support with a TAH-t had superior outcomes (75% survival to retransplant) than previously described.
How strong principals succeed: improving student achievement in high-poverty urban schools
Authors: Gordon Molly F. , Hart Holly
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide concrete examples of what leadership behaviors and strategies look like in high-poverty urban schools in Chicago that are successful at improving student outcomes. The authors compared the strategies used by principals who were rated by their teachers on annual surveys as being strong instructional leaders but had varying success in improving student outcomes for comparison.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is part of a larger mixed-methods study exploring the link between leadership and student learning. For the qualitative portion of the study, the authors utilized a contrasting case study design (Merriam, 1998) to distinguish leadership practices in schools with improvements in student achievement from practices in schools with stagnating or declining student achievement. The authors conducted case studies in a total of 12 schools–6 schools with improving student achievement and 6 schools with stagnating or declining student achievement. For brevity, the authors chose 4 schools to highlight in this manuscript that best illustrate the findings found across the full sample of 12 schools. The authors coded each interview using both inductive and deductive coding techniques.

Findings

The study findings indicate that there are subtle but important differences between the strategies principals in improving and contrast schools use to lead school improvement efforts. Principals in improving schools were able to create learning environments where staff were open to new ideas and work together towards goals. Principals in improving schools were also more likely to create structures that facilitated organizational learning than principals in contrast schools.

Originality/value

This study is unique because the authors provide concrete examples of what principals do in their schools to help create strong learning climates that foster organizational learning and improvement. The authors also identify differences in leader practices and structures in schools that are having a harder time making improvements for comparison. The study findings can be used by principals and other educators to better understand which of their various efforts may result in stronger school cultures conducive to organizational learning as outlined in Louis' and colleagues' work.
Nutrient driven transcriptional changes during phage infection in an aquatic Gammaproteobacterium
Authors: Nilsson Emelie , Li Ke , Hoetzinger Matthias , Holmfeldt Karin
Published: January 2022

Phages modulate bacterial metabolism during infection by regulating gene expression, which influences aquatic nutrient cycling. However, the effects of shifting nutrient regimes are less understood. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes of an ecologically relevant Gammaproteobacterium and its lytic phage in high (HNM) and low (LNM) nutrient medium. Despite different infection characteristics, including reduced burst size and longer latent period in LNM, the phage had a fixed expression profile. Bacterial transcription was instead different depending on nutrient regime, with HNM bacteria focusing on growth while LNM bacteria focused on motility and membrane transport. Additionally, phage infection had a larger effect on bacterial gene expression in LNM compared to HNM, e.g. suppressing increased iron uptake and altering expression of phosphorus uptake genes. Overall, phage infection influenced host metabolism more in LNM, which was more similar to natural conditions, emphasizing the importance of considering natural conditions to understand phage and host ecology.
Postoperative ileus: A pharmacological perspective
Authors: Buscail Etienne , Deraison Céline
Published: January 2022

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery. The consequences of postoperative ileus can be potentially serious such as bronchial inhalation or acute functional renal failure. Numerous advances in peri‐operative management, particularly early rehabilitation, have made it possible to decrease postoperative ileus. Despite this, the rate of prolonged postoperative ileus remains high and can be as high as 25% of patients in colorectal surgery. From a pathophysiological point of view, postoperative ileus has two phases, an early neurological phase and a later inflammatory phase, to which we could add a ‘pharmacological’ phase during which analgesic drugs, particularly opiates, play a central role. The aim of this review article is to describe the phases of the pathophysiology of postoperative ileus, to analyse the pharmacological treatments currently available through published clinical trials and finally to discuss the different research areas for potential pharmacological targets.
Predation of the Balkan frog Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Gayda, 1940) (Anura: Ranidae) by the giant water bug Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: Christopoulos Apostolos , Daskalaki Hera , Vlachopoulos Konstantinos , Pafilis Panayiotis
Published: January 2022

Lethocerinae water bugs are vertebrate predators that include in their diet large prey such as fish, turtles, snakes and frogs. Although frog consumption is common among the members of the genus Lethocerus, similar reports are unknown from Europe. Here we report a predation event by an adult Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) on a subadult Balkan water frog Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Gayda, 1940), the first description of its kind in Europe.