bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sacroiliac joint auricular surface morphology modulates its mechanical environment
Authors: Henyš Petr , Hammer Niels
Published: November 2024

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) exhibits significant variation in auricular surface morphology. This variation influences the mechanics of the SIJ, a central node for transmitting mechanical energy from upper body to lower limbs and vice versa. The impact of the auricular surface morphology on stress and deformation in the SIJ remains poorly understood to date. Computed tomography scans obtained from 281 individuals were included to extract the geometry of the pelvic ring. Then, the auricular surface area, SIJ cartilage thickness, and total SIJ cartilage volume were identified. Based on these reconstructions, 281 finite element models were created to simulate SIJ mechanical loading. It was found that SIJ cartilage thickness only weakly depended on age or laterality, while being strongly sex sensitive. Auricular surface area and SIJ cartilage volume depended weakly and non‐linearly on age, peaking around menopause in females, but without significant laterality effect. Larger SIJs, characterized by greater auricular area and cartilage volume, exhibited reduced stress and deformation under loading. These findings highlight the significant role of SIJ morphology in its biomechanical response, suggesting a potential link between morphological variations and the risk of SIJ dysfunction. Understanding this relationship could improve diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies for SIJ‐related conditions.
The Therapeutic Mechanisms of Huayu Quban Capsule in Treating Acne Vulgaris Are Uncovered Through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Yu , Zhu Wei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To uncover how the Huayu Quban (HYQB) capsule treats acne vulgaris (AV) through the use of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.

Methods

The traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database (TCMSP) was used to identify the components and potential targets of HYQB capsule. Targets related to AV were identified by screening the GeneCards, Disease Gene Network (DisGeNET) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network between targets of active ingredients and AV targets was built using the STRING database. Cytoscape3.7.2 software was used to create the visualization network for the ‘herb‐component‐target’ and identify the key targets. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized for functional enrichment analysis of the primary targets. Subsequently, molecular docking technology was employed to confirm the interaction between key components and core targets.

Results

The technique discovered 50 different active substances and 270 associated therapeutic targets in the HYQB capsule as well as predicting 70 targets for treating acne vulgaris. Cytoscape hubba plug‐in identified 19 key target genes, with the top 5 being TNF, IL1B, CCL2, SIRT1, IFNG, and IL10. Analysis of KEGG pathways revealed significant enrichment of immune‐related pathways, including TNF and IL‐17 signaling pathways, among the target genes. The HYQB capsule also involves lipid and atherosclerosis, Th17 cell differentiation, and the AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complication signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and wogonin, the core components of HYQB, had good binding ability with the first 4 core targets.

Conclusions

The HYQB capsule may have a synergistic effect on inhibiting sebaceous adipogenesis and sebum cell differentiation and play an effect on AV through anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of different signaling pathways.
A Prospective and Comparative Study to Explore the Effects of Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Hair Transplantation for Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Xue Ping , Guo Lei , Dang E. , Dou Wenjie , Zeng Xianhui , Fan Xing , Yang Qing
Published: November 2024

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of hair loss. Traditionally, treatment for AGA has primarily involved the topical application of minoxidil in conjunction with oral finasteride or spironolactone. Recently, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a significant focus of research in hair loss treatment. However, many studies on PRP‐assisted hair transplantation have encountered various limitations.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a prospective, comparative clinical investigation to evaluate the therapeutic effects of combining PRP with minoxidil and finasteride/spironolactone as adjuncts to hair transplantation.

Method

From August 2019 to December 2022, we enrolled 30 patients with AGA in the study, randomly assigning them to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received drug therapy alongside hair transplantation and underwent PRP injections, whereas the control group received only drug therapy to assist with hair transplantation.

Results

Prior to surgery, no significant differences in baseline data were observed between the two groups. Following treatment, the experimental group demonstrated significantly improved follicle survival rates, follicle growth rates, and hair strength compared with the control group.

Conclusion

This prospective, comparative clinical study demonstrated that the application of PRP in conjunction with pharmacological support during FUE treatment for AGA resulted in improved follicle survival rates, hair growth rates, and hair strength.
A Retrospective Pragmatic Two‐Center Clinical Study to Evaluate the Clinical Outcome of Triple‐Frequency Ultrasound in the Treatment of Mild‐to‐Severe Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Chervinskaya Irina G. , Gaidash Nataliia V. , Kruglikov Ilja L.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Earlier, quickly alternating dual‐frequency ultrasound waves (LDM technology) were successfully applied for the treatment of different inflammatory skin conditions such as rosacea and acne. In this retrospective pragmatic two‐center clinical study, we applied the triple‐frequency LDM (TF‐LDM) technology with frequencies of 1/3/10 and 3/10/19 MHz for the treatment of mild‐to‐severe acne skin to assess the effectivity and sustainability of the treatment outcomes.

Methods

Twenty‐two patients with mild‐to‐severe acne were included in this study: 11 patients were treated with TF‐LDM (1/3/10 MHz), and other 11 patients—with TF‐LDM (3/10/19 MHz). Assessment of the acne severity was done using the bilateral facial photographs. The photos were evaluated at baseline (T1), on the day of the last treatment (T2), and during the follow‐up controls (T3). Assessment of the acne severity was provided in accordance with a modified Global Evaluation Acne (mGEA) scale by nine independent dermatologists who were blinded to treatment assignments.

Results

The average improvement of the mGEA scoring between T1 and T2 across all patients was 73.69% ± 13.90% (p < 0.01), whereas the skin improvement between T1 and T3 was 90.14% ± 8.35% (p < 0.01). The state of the skin was also statistically significantly improved between T2 and T3 (53.26% ± 29.24%, p < 0.02). There was no difference in treatment outcomes between the patients treated with TF‐LDM (1/3/10 MHz) and TF‐LDM (3/10/19 MHz).

Conclusions

TF‐LDM is an effective method for the treatment of the mild‐to‐severe acne skin that provides a significant skin improvement and long‐lasting treatment results. The method demonstrates no significant side effects, is pain‐free, well tolerated, and highly accepted by patients.
Characterisation and Clinical Relevance of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Chu Hongyu , Li Yanni , Yang Hui , Liu Yuhang , Zheng Rongrong , Zhang Xue , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhao Jingwen , Zhang Yujie , Wang Quan , Ran Ying , Guo Liping , Zhou Simin , Liu Man , Song Wenjing , Wang Bangmao , Li Long , Zhou Lu
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

The pathological characteristics of lymphocyte infiltration in the hepatic portal tracts of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remain unclear. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues associated with the exacerbation of autoimmune reactions. Here, we evaluate the role of TLSs in PBC and investigate their potential therapeutic value.

Methods

We recruited 75 patients with PBC and 53 control patients with liver biopsies who were followed more than 2 years. TLSs and their maturity were identified by the amount and spatial distribution of immune cells. Bulk RNA sequencing of liver was performed in PBC patients with different TLS maturity. The sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor (S1PRs) modulator FTY720 was administered to dnTGFβRII mice to assess the role of TLSs on cholangitis.

Results

TLSs presented in 61.3% (46/75) of liver tissues from patients with PBC, including 26 patients with mature TLS (mTLS) and 20 patients with immature TLS (imTLS). The proportion of mTLS was higher in PBC compared with chronic hepatitis B and autoimmune hepatitis. PBC patients with mTLS exhibited the highest serum levels of biochemical indicators, immune globulin and proportions of liver cirrhosis. Gene sets for lymphocyte migration and chemokine signalling pathways were enriched in patients with PBC presenting with TLS. FTY720 inhibited TLS formation and relieved cholangitis and fibrosis in dnTGFβRII mice.

Conclusion

TLSs are characteristics of lymphocyte accumulation in the portal tracts of PBC, of which the maturity of TLSs correlates with the inflammation and fibrosis of PBC. Targeting TLSs formation is a potential treatment of PBC.
The role of individual learner differences in explicit language instruction
Authors: Roehr‐Brackin Karen , Baranowska Karolina , Pavlekovic Renato , Scheffler Paweł
Published: November 2024

Aptitude–treatment interaction (ATI) research is of both theoretical and practical interest to second language (L2) learning, since it provides insights into the processes linking learner‐internal individual difference factors and learner‐external contextual variables including instructional approach—variables that jointly determine L2 outcomes. The present study employed a full range of aptitude measures mapped onto four explicit instructional conditions: auditory inductive, written inductive, mixed inductive, and mixed deductive. International volunteers (N = 136) completed online language lessons in beginners’ Polish targeting two morphological features. Participants’ phonetic and language‐analytic abilities, level of multilingualism, and age predicted L2 achievement. A cluster analysis identified four learner profiles: high aptitude, low aptitude, memory oriented, and analytically oriented. Deductive instruction seemed to neutralise individual differences in aptitude, while ATI effects were observed in the single‐modality conditions, with auditory input favouring high‐aptitude learners and written input favouring high‐aptitude, analytically oriented, and memory‐oriented learners. We discuss the theoretical and practical import of these findings by highlighting the “capital” afforded by prior language learning experience, over and above the role of cognitive ability. In addition to the inductive–deductive contrast in explicit instruction, we emphasise the importance of input modality, which has hitherto been neglected in the field.
Morphotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny unveil one new species and two new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from India
Authors: Bose Arunima , Uniyal Priyanka , Vizzini Alfredo , Das Kanad
Published: November 2024

A macrofungal exploration to two different states of India (Uttarakhand and Sikkim) have revealed interesting agarics species belonging to the genus Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae). Phlegmacium didnaense is proposed here as a new species whereas, P. ophiopus and P. largum are reported for the first time from India. All three taxa are morphologically described and with molecular phylogenetic estimations.
Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients of 70 years and older: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kapała Jan , Maroszczuk Tomasz , Dowgiałło‐Gornowicz Natalia
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Aging population and growing obesity prevalence are two major public health issues. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be both safe and effective, but its role in the treatment of the elderly remains controversial.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic bariatric surgery in patients over 70 years of age.

Methods

A systematic review and assessment of the literature was performed in November–December 2023. Inclusion criteria gathered studies of elderly (age ≥70 years old) who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The data extraction focused on weight loss, obesity‐related diseases, and complications.

Results

Fourteen retrospective studies were included, involving 3923 septuagenarians (female, 69.70%). One year after the surgery, the mean excess weight loss was 54.66%. At last follow‐up, the improvement in obesity‐related diseases was regarded as 50% diagnosed with diabetes, 36% with hypertension, 50% with reflux, 36% with sleep apnea, and 25% with hyperlipidemia. The overall postoperative major morbidity and mortality were about 2% and 1%, respectively.

Conclusions

This systematic review suggests that laparoscopic bariatric surgery is an effective and safe treatment for patients over 70 years of age.
Cross‐scale scaling‐law analyses for the heterogeneity and diversity of animal gut microbiomes from community to landscape
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) , Ellison Aaron M.
Published: November 2024

Diversity and heterogeneity often are conflated but are fundamentally different. An aphorism proposed by Shavit and Ellison (2021; J. Phil. 118: 525–548) for distinguishing them is that ‘a zoo is diverse whereas an ecosystem is heterogeneous.' That is, a zookeeper measuring diversity simply enumerates the different types of animals; interactions are not expected to occur between animals separated by fences or other barriers. In contrast, measures of heterogeneity ought to include both interspecific interactions and relationships between species and their heterogeneous habitats. Here, we use cross‐scale, dual scaling‐law analyses of heterogeneity and diversity of animal gut microbiomes (AGMs) to address three objectives: 1) estimate the spatial heterogeneity and diversity of animal‐gut microbiomes; 2) analyze influences of phylogeny and diets on scaling of diversity and heterogeneity; 3) explore mechanistic differences between diversity and heterogeneity in AGMs. From 4903 AGM samples collected from 318 animal species covering all six classes of vertebrates and four major classes of invertebrates, we estimated that ≈640 000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs or ‘species') make up the pool of microbial species that could inhabit animal guts, among which ≈8000 are relatively common and ≈800 are dominant. The gut of any single animal, however, includes only 0.01–0.5% of the total species pool. We applied Ma's diversity‐area relationship for scaling diversity, and extend Taylor's power law and Luna et al.'s (2020; Diversity 12: 86) interaction diversity for scaling heterogeneity. At the community scale, phylogeny significantly influenced heterogeneity, but diets did not. Phylogeny and diets had limited influence on diversity at both community and landscape scales. We demonstrated that diversity and heterogeneity measure two different properties. Further, differences in scaling of diversity and heterogeneity are a result of heterogeneity being primarily the result of evolved dispersal behavior and interspecific interactions, whereas diversity results from abundances controlled on ecological time scales.
Visual hallucinations in psychosis: What do people actually see?
Authors: Aynsworth Charlotte , Waite Felicity , Sargeant Samuel , Humpston Clara , Dudley Robert
Published: November 2024

Background

One in three people with psychosis experience visions. However, little is known about what people see, and current treatments have limited benefits.

Objectives

To improve the understanding and treatment of visions, this study explored the phenomenology of visions in people with psychosis.

Methods

Twelve people with psychosis participated in semi‐structured interviews. Reflective thematic analysis was used.

Results

Three main themes were generated covering important aspects of phenomenology: ‘Content’, ‘Coherence’ and ‘Quality’. The first theme ‘Content: People see people’, demonstrated that the most distressing visions were of people. The second theme ‘Coherence: Visions of people who behave like people’, captured how visions were coherent with real human behaviour, often by being multimodal experiences that spoke to and touched the observer. The third theme, ‘Quality: They look too real’ highlighted the compelling sense of authenticity of the visions, making them indistinguishable from reality.

Conclusion

Visions represent what we expect to see in everyday life: people, who act and look real. This powerful combination provides insight into the absorbing and all‐encompassing nature of visions and their impact on participant's lives. The framework of ‘Content’, ‘Coherence’ and ‘Quality’ provides guidance to support clinicians and researchers to better explore the phenomenology of visions in psychosis.
A qualitative study exploring children and young people's experiences of cognitive therapy for PTSD delivered within the context of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Allen Leila , Fox Andrew , Copello Alexandre , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Morant Nicola
Published: November 2024

Objectives and Design

This qualitative study aimed to explore the treatment experiences of children and young people with Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, participating in a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of Cognitive‐Therapy for PTSD (CT‐PTSD).

Methods

Thirteen participants aged between 12 and 18 years old, who had all experienced multiple trauma and had undertaken CT‐PTSD, were interviewed.

Results

Using thematic analysis, three key themes were identified: ‘Desire for difference’, ‘Journey of becoming able to talk about trauma’ and ‘Positive changes and increased ability to cope’. Prior to the study, participants described experiencing difficult emotions and avoided talking about their traumatic experiences. Participants reported wanting to get the right help and valued the opportunity to help others. Talking about trauma during treatment was perceived as difficult and emotionally draining, however participants reported a sense of relief and that it became easier over time, helping them to make sense of their traumatic experiences. This was facilitated by the therapeutic relationship, their involvement in decision making and the use of written tasks. All participants reported positive changes, both in themselves and in their ability to talk to others about their traumatic experiences.

Conclusion

Engaging in CT‐PTSD and talking about traumatic experiences can be empowering for young people and allows them the opportunity to process their trauma leading to increased ability to cope.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Identifies the Serine/Threonine Kinase ClSIK1 for Low Nitrogen Tolerance in Watermelon Species
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Yang Qinrong , Bo Yongming , Zhou Yimei , Liao Nanqiao , Lyu Xiaolong , Yang Jinghua , Hu Zhongyuan , Zhang Mingfang
Published: November 2024

Plants have evolved multiple complex mechanisms enabling them to adapt to low nitrogen (LN) stress via increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as nitrogen deficiency in soil is a major factor limiting plant growth and development. However, the adaptive process and evolutionary roles of LN tolerance‐related genes in plants remain largely unknown. In this study, we resequenced 191 watermelon accessions and examined their phenotypic differences related to LN tolerance. A major gene ClSIK1 encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the response to LN stress was identified on chromosome 11 using genome‐wide association study and RNA‐Seq analysis. According to a functional analysis, ClSIK1 overexpression can increase the root area, total biomass, NUE and LN tolerance by manipulating multiple nitrogen‐metabolized genes. Interestingly, the desirable LN‐tolerant haplotype ClSIK1HapC was detected in only one wild relative (Citrullus mucosospermus) and likely gradually lost during watermelon domestication and improvement. This study clarified the regulatory effects of ClSIK1 on NUE and adaptations to LN stress, which also identifying valuable haplotypes‐resolved gene variants for molecular design breeding of ‘green’ watermelon varieties highly tolerant to LN stress.
The relationship between personal networks of parents and children's behavioral and school‐related problems in family interventions
Authors: Fellmann Lukas
Published: November 2024

Studies in the field of child welfare services have shown that children's externalizing problems are linked to the immediate social relationships in which they are embedded. However, most studies that examined this association focused on specific dyads or general social support, ignoring more diverse and complex patterns of relationships in which children are embedded. Therefore, this study used Social Network Analysis to analyze how compositional and structural properties of parents' personal networks predict externalizing problems of children in vulnerable family contexts. The sample consists of 70 parents who were enrolled in a home‐based family intervention in Switzerland. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three clusters based on the network composition: mixed, child‐oriented, and family of orientation. Child behavior problems were associated with the network clusters; school‐related problems, on the other hand, were additionally linked with support density in the personal networks of parents. The results show that children in vulnerable families are embedded in diverse network compositions and relational structures, which influence their externalizing problems in different ways.
Permeability of postzygotic barriers: embryology of a partially fertile Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) hybrid
Authors: Alves M. F. , Pinheiro F. , da Silva Graciano D. , De Toni K. L. G. , Baumgratz J. F. A.
Published: November 2024

Hybrid zones offer unique insight into reproductive barriers and plant speciation mechanisms. This study investigated postzygotic reproductive isolation in the natural hybrid Epidendrum × purpureum, which occurs in sympatry with its parent species, Epidendrum denticulatum and E. orchidiflorum.

We examined the development of male and female gametophytes and the events leading to seed formation in this hybrid zone. Floral buds and flowers from E. × purpureum individuals were collected at various stages of development. Both self‐pollination and backcrosses between hybrids and parental species were performed to follow ovule and seed development up to 60 days after pollination. The material was analysed using optical and confocal microscopy.

In most hybrids, microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis occur regularly, forming viable male gametophytes. Non‐viable male gametophytes were also observed and are the result of symmetrical mitotic division. The development of the female gametophyte occurs after self‐pollination, and proceeds regularly, resulting in a reduced female gametophyte. Embryo development in the parental species occurs without abnormalities, while in backcrosses between hybrids and parental species, most embryos degenerate.

Embryo degeneration in the crosses between hybrids can be explained by genetic incompatibilities. The co‐occurrence of viable embryos and degenerating embryos in backcrosses between hybrids and parental species point to incomplete postzygotic reproductive barriers between the hybrid and the progenitors. Our findings suggest that E. × purpureum could facilitate gene flow between parental species, as much of its embryological development occurs without abnormalities.
Opioid analgesic and antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth: A nested case–control study
Authors: Padilla‐Azain Maria C. , Osmundson Sarah S. , Bosworth Olivia , Wiese Andrew , Pham Amelie , Leech Ashley A. , Spieker Andrew J. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Adgent Margaret A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Given the high prevalence of both mental health and acute pain conditions during pregnancy, use of antidepressants and analgesic opioids in this period is widespread. Whether single and combined use of these medications is associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains unclear.

Objectives

To investigate the association between maternal prescription opioid and antidepressant medication exposures for co‐occurring mental health and acute pain management, either alone or in combination, and sPTB.

Methods

We used Tennessee Medicaid data (2007–2019) linked to birth certificates to conduct a nested case–control study among 15‐ to 44‐year‐old pregnant patients with singleton live births. Cases were identified as spontaneous live births between 24 and <37 gestational weeks using a validated birth certificate‐based algorithm. We selected up to 10 controls per case, matched on estimated pregnancy start date and other factors. We identified analgesic opioid and antidepressant pharmacy fills to define medication exposures in the 60 days before index date (case delivery date) and categorised them as unexposed, opioid‐only, antidepressant‐only and combined exposure. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. We assessed the additive interaction between opioids and antidepressants by estimating relative excess risk due to interaction.

Results

We identified 25,406 eligible cases of sPTB and 225,771 matched controls. Opioid‐only and combined exposures were associated with higher odds of sPTB relative to unexposed (adjusted OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.23, 1.35 and 1.22, 95% CI 1.06, 1.40, respectively), while antidepressant‐only exposure was not (1.04, 95% CI 0.96, 1.12). No additive interaction was identified for combined exposure.

Conclusions

Exposure to prescription opioids during pregnancy, but not antidepressants, was associated with increased relative odds of sPTB. Co‐exposure to opioids and antidepressants did not elevate the odds of sPTB above what we observed for opioid‐only exposure.
The oilseed rape R2R3‐type BnaMYB78 transcription factor regulates leaf senescence by modulating PCD and chlorophyll degradation
Authors: Sun Mengting , Yan Yunru , Han Feng , Zhao Yuxin , Chen Bisi , Cui Xing , Li Chun , Yang Bo , Zhao Yiting , Jiang Yuan‐Qing
Published: November 2024

Leaf senescence is the final stage of plant growth and development, characterized by chlorophyll degradation, organelle disintegration, and nutrient redistribution and utilization. This stage involves a complex and precise regulatory network, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in China and globally. Therefore, mining and studying the key factors modulating leaf senescence and abscission in oilseed rape is of great importance to improve its yielding and nutrient use efficiency. In this study, we report that BnaMYB78 positively regulates leaf senescence in oilseed rape. As a transcriptional activator located in the nucleus, BnaMYB78 can bind to the SMRE7 (A/G)CC(T/A)AA(C/T) cis‐element in vitro and positively regulate the expression of BnaPBS3, BnaMC9, and BnaNYC1 in oilseed rape. Overexpression of BnaMYB78 leads to chlorophyll degradation and premature leaf senescence in both Arabidopsis thaliana and oilseed rape. During this process, the expression of several genes associated with salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and senescence‐associated genes (SAGs) was upregulated, including BnaPPH, BnaSAG14, BnaMC9, BnaPBS3, BnaNYC1, and BnaICS1, which facilitate the progression of programmed cell death (PCD). Further analyses demonstrated that BnaMYB78 activates the promoter activities of BnaMC9, BnaPBS3, and BnaNYC1 in a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) assays revealed that BnaMYB78 directly binds to the promoter regions of these downstream target genes. In summary, our data demonstrate that BnaMYB78 modulates cell death and leaf senescence.
After the Graded Sermon: “Ungrading” as Theo‐Ethical Practice for Homiletics
Authors: Voelz Richard William
Published: November 2024

This article considers how the practice of “ungrading” in the homiletics classroom can function not merely as a pedagogical technique, but as a theo‐ethical practice. Grounding ungrading in theological ethics in addition to critical pedagogical theory can lead us toward a pedagogical practice that builds anti‐racist and decolonial spaces in theological education. Drawing on Willie James Jennings' After Whiteness and Keri Day's Notes of a Native Daughter, the article seeks to name how ungrading in the homiletics classroom can operate as a small measure by which we might move theological education into that which “follow[s] God in building toward life” and “opens the joy of not knowing inside the joy of learning together”.
LcASR enhances tolerance to abiotic stress in Leymus chinensis and Arabidopsis thaliana by improving photosynthetic performance
Authors: An Wenjing , Zhao Mengjie , Chen Lei , Li Qiuxin , Yu Longjiang , Chen Shuangyan , Ma Jinfang , Cao Xiaofeng , Zhang Shuaibin , Chi Wei , Ji Daili
Published: November 2024

As a crucial forage grass, Leymus chinensis plays significant roles in soil and water conservation owing to its robust stress resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its stress tolerance remain unclear. In this study, a novel gene, designated as LcASR (Abiotic Stress Resistance in Leymus chinensis), imparting resilience to both high light and drought, was identified. Under normal growth conditions, heterologous overexpression of LcASR in Arabidopsis (HO lines) showed no significant difference in appearance compared to wild‐type. Nevertheless, HO lines accumulate significantly higher chlorophyll content during the dark‐to‐light transition compared to the wild‐type, indicating that the LcASR protein participates in chlorophyll synthesis during chloroplast development. Meanwhile, transgenic Arabidopsis and L. chinensis plants exhibited resistance to abiotic stresses such as high light and drought. Photosystem complexes analysis revealed that LHCII proteins remained stable within their respective complexes during high light stress. We hypothesize that LcASR may play a role in fine tuning of chlorophyll synthesis to enable plant adaptation to diverse stress conditions. Moreover, overexpression of LcASR in L. chinensis led to agronomically valuable traits such as deeper green color, higher biomass accumulation, prolonged withering period, and extended grazing durations. This study uncovers a novel gene in L. chinensis that enhances forage yield and provides valuable genetic resources for sheepgrass breeding.
ECG Features in Orthotopic Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Comparisons With Published Literature
Authors: Mitchell Chace B. , Simmons Joe , Neal Sarah J. , Cleveland David C. , Bar‐Cohen Yaniv , Cleveland John D.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Although there is a plethora of literature on electrocardiographic changes following cardiac allotransplantation, there is little in the field of cardiac xenotransplantation. The only published literature to date is that of the first pig‐to‐human cardiac xenotransplantation. Here we take a close look at the electrocardiographic parameters in four non‐human primate recipients of orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation to develop baseline metrics for comparison.

Methods

Orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantion was carried out in four non‐human primate recipients. Electrocardiographic parameters were followed at various intervals using an internal hemodynamic monitoring system (DSI) as well as a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG intervals were then compared to published literature on porcine ECG intervals and pig‐to‐human cardiac xenotransplantation.

Results

There were no significant differences observed between timepoints for HR, PR, QRS, QT, or QTc after cardiac xenotransplantation for each animal subject. ECG parameters were statistically similar to those of in situ mini‐pig hearts in the literature. ECG parameters from the DSI on average were shorter than those from a traditional ECG, however, DSI parameters were consistent over time.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the possibility of conduction health for genetically engineered porcine donor hearts following cardiac xenotransplantation. Ongoing work to compare the results of an ECG in a porcine donor heart before and after implantation into a NHP is necessary to better characterize variables that may be at play in the function of the conduction system.
The Making of New Elites and the Reproduction of Social Inequality at St. Paul’s: An Analysis from the Perspective of Classical Sociological Theories
Authors: Li Weilong
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how social inequality is reproduced in elite educational institutions through a meritocratic system, using Shamus Khan’s Privilege: The Making of Adolescent Elite at St. Paul’s School as a case study. Drawing upon classical sociological theories, including Goffman’s performance theory, Weber’s work ethic, and Veblen’s concept of vicarious consumption, the paper explores how the new elite learn to maintain their social status. It argues that, while the appearance of diversity and meritocracy in these elite spaces suggests equality, these institutions continue to cultivate privilege through subtle yet powerful social practices. Key mechanisms include the cultivation of 'ease' in social situations, the performance of 'hard work,' and the idealization of students as inherently extraordinary. The study also investigates the role of elite parents, arguing that sending children to prestigious schools serves as a form of vicarious consumption, displaying the family's wealth and social capital. Despite the appearance of openness and fluid social mobility, the paper concludes that access to elite training remains restricted, reinforcing entrenched inequalities.
A Privacy Study on How Social Media Users Create Paradoxical Collective Behavioral Portraits
Authors: Lyu Lin , Arif Lily Suriani Binti Mohd
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the group characteristics of WeChat users’ paradoxical privacy behaviors by constructing user portraits to fully understand the differences between user group characteristics and paradoxical privacy behaviors on social media platforms, and to provide users with personalized privacy protection and targeted services, strategy and specific instructions. This study takes WeChat users as the research object and uses the Vals2 attitude scale as a reference to construct a group image annotation system for WeChat users' paradoxical privacy behavior from the perspective of psychological preferences. By issuing questionnaires, the paradoxical privacy behavior of WeChat users was analyzed using methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis. Clustering users' paradoxical behaviors in privacy to obtain data and characterize different user groups. Research results show that the group image of WeChat users’ paradoxical privacy behavior can be divided into three types: experience-oriented, mature and rational, and egocentric. This study proposes an ambivalent group behavior model of social media user privacy. In the future, we will modify the group portrait model and consider using it in other scenarios.
Digital Age Challenge: University Students’ Excessive Use of TikTok
Authors: Tang Howe Eng , Zhang Linmin
Published: November 2024

TikTok's users have grown tremendously, reaching people all over the world. The current research in the aspect of TikTok mainly analyses the different perspective of users’ usage and behavior, the research on excessive use of TikTok is relatively scarce. As the undergraduates use TikTok for learning and self-realisation, they also fall into cyber-addiction due to excessive use, which leads to symptoms such as impulse control disorders, physical health and mental health problems. In view of these arising problems, this study intends to explore further, focusing on the current level of excessive use, the influence of age and gender differences in undergraduates' excessive use of TikTok. This study employed survey research design by using a structured questionnaire. 606 undergraduates from two universities were selected by using stratified sampling technique. The findings on time management, life intrusion and social media anxiety showed that undergraduates have high excessive use of TikTok. Consequently, it was showed that there is no significant difference between male and female undergraduate students in terms of their excessive use of TikTok, and male students do not perform significantly differently from female students in terms of their excessive use of TikTok. Excessive use of TikTok was significantly different in terms of the excessive use of TikTok by undergraduates’ age. Different age groups differ in their daily time use and time management. Future research can expand the age range of the subjects to analyse the situation of excessive TikTok use and its impact on individual and group psychology among wider age groups of people. Besides, the formation of excessive use of TikTok can also be examined from multiple perspectives in both social and individual dimensions.
On the Performance of a Data-Driven Backward Compatible Physics-Informed Neural Network for Prediction of Flow Past a Cylinder
Authors: Malineni Vamsi Sai Krishna , Rajendran Suresh
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses a physics-informed surrogate model aimed at reconstructing the flow field from sparse datasets under a limited computational budget. A benchmark problem of 2D unsteady laminar flow past a cylinder is chosen to evaluate the performance of the surrogate model. Earlier studies were focused on forward problems with well-defined data. The present study attempts to develop models capable of reconstructing the flow-field data from sparse datasets mirroring real-world scenarios. We demonstrated the performance of data-driven models in reconstructing the flow field and compared the effectiveness of various training methodologies. The proposed surrogate model successfully reconstructed the flow field while also extracting pressure as a latent variable. The proposed surrogate model significantly outperformed data-driven models in accuracy, even under a limited computational budget. Furthermore, transfer learning of parameters of a pretrained model for different Reynolds numbers has reduced training time.
Mass Flow Control Strategy for Maximum Energy Extraction in Thermal Energy Storage Tanks
Authors: Montoya-Marquez Orlando , Acevedo-Parra H. R. , Valdivia Leonardo J.
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces an experimental approach to enhance thermal energy storage (TES) tank performance by employing a novel control strategy and an automatic flow valve. The valve adjusts mass flow to minimize heat loss and maximize useful heat within a specified input–output temperature range. Experiments were conducted indoors, simulating input heat via an electric heating element, and adhering to ANSI/ASHRAE 93-2010 standards. In the proposed control strategy, the set point is self-regulated based on an input value which in this case is the heat introduced into the TES system. In this way, when there is more input heat available, the mass flow will increase to obtain more useful heat at the output and, on the contrary, when there is less heat available, the mass flow will be reduced to obtain greater exergy. A comparison between this strategy and conventional on–off control systems was conducted, evaluating their performance based on useful heat obtained over an 8-h period with varying input heat levels. Results demonstrate that the proposed flow control methodology consistently outperforms on–off control, achieving a maximum 13.56% increase in useful heat under optimal conditions. This underscores the effectiveness of the novel control strategy in maximizing thermal energy storage tank efficiency.
Effects of multi-photon states in the calibration of single-photon detectors based on a portable bi-photon source
Authors: Pani S. , Earl D. , Becerra F. E.
Published: November 2024

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are ubiquitous in many protocols for quantum imaging, sensing, and communications. Many of these protocols critically depend on the precise knowledge of their detection efficiency. A method for the calibration of SPDs based on sources of quantum-correlated photon pairs uses single-photon detection to generate heralded single photons, which can be used as a standard of radiation at the single-photon level. These heralded photons then allow for precise calibration of SPDs in absolute terms. In this work, we investigate the absolute calibration of avalanche photodiodes based on a portable, commercial bi-photon source, and investigate the effects of multi-photon events from the spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process in these sources. We show that the multi-photon character of the bi-photon source, together with system losses, has a significant impact on the achievable accuracy for the calibration of SPDs. However, modeling the expected photon counting statistics from the squeezed vacuum in the SPDC process allows for accurate estimation of the efficiency of SPDs, assuming that the system losses are known. This study provides essential information for the design and optimization of portable bi-photon sources for their application in on-site calibration of SPDs with high accuracy, without requiring any other reference standard.
Poly acrylic acid patterning by electron beam lithography
Authors: Brown Devin K.
Published: November 2024

Poly acrylic acid (PAA) is a polymer and a derivative of acrylic acid that is a superabsorbent, being able to absorb and retain water, and swell many times beyond its original volume. This property classifies it into a group of polymers called hydrogels. Hydrogels are being investigated in emerging applications such as drug delivery, biosensors, tissue engineering, wound healing bandages, and more. The ability to lithographically pattern hydrogel materials to specific dimensions at the micro and nanoscales can be very useful in devices and sensors. Limited work has been done on characterizing PAA for lithographic purposes, and so, this work investigates the ability to pattern PAA by electron beam lithography (EBL). PAA is interesting in that its carrier solvent, developer, and remover are all water alone, which may make it attractive for processes or materials that cannot tolerate solvents, acids, and bases used with other common EBL resists. PAA behaves as a negative tone resist with a relatively low base dose of 75 μC/cm2 at 100 kV acceleration voltage. The resolution is limited to 1.8 μm due to a low contrast of 1.29. However, PAA may still have many uses at that resolution where the positioning and dimension control of a hydrogel could be useful. Furthermore, PAA can successfully be used for pattern transfer with either a metal liftoff process or a silicon plasma etch.
Low-temperature etching of silicon oxide and silicon nitride with hydrogen fluoride
Authors: Lill Thorsten , Wang Mingmei , Wu Dongjun , Oh Youn-Jin , Kim Tae Won , Wilcoxson Mark , Singh Harmeet , Ghodsi Vahid , George Steven M. , Barsukov Yuri , Kaganovich Igor
Published: November 2024

Etching of high aspect ratio features into alternating SiO2 and SiN layers is an enabling technology for the manufacturing of 3D NAND flash memories. In this paper, we study a low-temperature or cryo plasma etch process, which utilizes HF gas together with other gas additives. Compared with a low-temperature process that uses separate fluorine and hydrogen gases, the etching rate of the SiO2/SiN stack doubles. Both materials etch faster with this so-called second generation cryo etch process. Pure HF plasma enhances the SiN etching rate, while SiO2 requires an additional fluorine source such as PF3 to etch meaningfully. The insertion of H2O plasma steps into the second generation cryo etch process boosts the SiN etching rate by a factor of 2.4, while SiO2 etches only 1.3 times faster. We observe a rate enhancing effect of H2O coadsorption in thermal etching experiments of SiN with HF. Ammonium fluorosilicate (AFS) plays a salient role in etching of SiN with HF with and without plasma. AFS appears weakened in the presence of H2O. Density functional theory calculations confirm the reduction of the bonding energy when NH4F in AFS is replaced by H2O.
Why active Willis metamaterials? A controllability and observability perspective
Authors: Baz A.
Published: November 2024

Recently, active Willis metamaterials (AWM) have been the focus of extensive investigations because of their unique electro-elastic coupling characteristics. However, the treatments of this class of materials have been carried out exclusively, in all the available literature, by approaches that do not rely on solid control theory basis. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on revealing very important control features that are inherent to this class of materials because of their Willis coupling characteristics. These features lie in the enhanced controllability and observability properties of the AWM as compared to non-Willis active materials. Such control properties enable the AWM to possess broad sensing and actuation capabilities that can lend this material to be an effective means for monitoring and controlling the behavior of numerous critical applications, such as acoustic cloaking, particularly when integrated with appropriate robust control strategies. A simple example of a piezoelectric-based AWM is presented to demonstrate its effective control capabilities and distinguish this class of materials from conventional materials. In the selected example, the AWM is structured from two dissimilar masses connected by a piezoelectric spring. Lagrange dynamics formulation is utilized to generate the equations governing the Willis coupling, the piezoelectric coupling, and reveal the inherent control features. With this developed controlled-based structure of the AWM, it is shown that the AWM can simultaneously monitor and control both the strain and velocity whereas the conventional active material, which is formed from two similar masses connected by a piezoelectric spring, can only measure and control the strain alone. It is envisioned that the revealed control metrics for the simple one-dimensional AMW example can serve as means for investigating the potential of AMW's of higher dimensionality.