bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteoblast response to magnesium ion‐incorporated nanoporous titanium oxide surfaces
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Kim Youn‐Jeong , Jang Je‐Hee , Song Hwangjun
Published: May 2010

Objective: This study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro osteoconductivity of a titanium (Ti) surface incorporated with the magnesium ions (Mg) produced by hydrothermal treatment for future application as an endosseous implant surface.

Material and methods: Mg‐incorporated Ti oxide surfaces were produced by hydrothermal treatment using Mg‐containing solution on two different microstructured surfaces – abraded minimally rough (Ma) or grit‐blasted moderately rough (RBM) samples. The surface characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, thin‐film X‐ray diffractometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical profilometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression on Ma, RBM, Mg‐incorporated Ma (Mg), and Mg‐incorporated grit‐blasted (RBM/Mg) Ti surfaces were evaluated.

Results: Hydrothermal treatment produced an Mg‐incorporated Ti oxide layer with nanoporous surface structures. Mg‐incorporated surfaces showed surface morphologies and surface roughness values almost identical to those of untreated smooth or micro‐rough surfaces at the micron scale. ICP‐AES analysis showed Mg ions released from treated surfaces into the solution. Mg incorporation significantly increased cellular attachment (P=0 at 0.5 h, P=0.01 at 1 h) on smooth surfaces, but no differences were found on micro‐rough surfaces. Mg incorporation further increased ALP activity in cells grown on both smooth and micro‐rough surfaces at 7 and 14 days of culture (P=0). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed higher mRNA expressions of the osteoblast transcription factor gene (Dlx5), various integrins, and the osteoblast phenotype genes (ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) in cells grown on micro‐rough (RBM) and Mg‐incorporated (Mg and RBM/Mg) surfaces than those on Ma surfaces. Mg incorporation further increased the mRNA expressions of key osteoblast genes and integrins (α1, α2, α5, and β1) in cells grown on both the smooth and the micro‐rough surfaces.

Conclusion: These results indicate that an Mg‐incorporated nanoporous Ti oxide surface produced by hydrothermal treatment may improve implant bone healing by enhancing the attachment and differentiation of osteoblastic cells.

To cite this article: Park J‐W, Kim Y‐J, Jang J‐H, Song H. Osteoblast response to magnesium ion‐incorporated nanoporous titanium oxide surfaces. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1278–1287. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01944.x
Implant surgery using bone‐ and mucosa‐supported stereolithographic guides in totally edentulous jaws: surgical and post‐operative outcomes of computer‐aided vs. standard techniques
Authors: Arısan Volkan , Karabuda Cüneyt Z. , Özdemir Tayfun
Published: May 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the surgical and post‐operative outcomes of a computer‐aided implant surgery performed by bone‐ and mucosa‐supported stereolithographic (SLA) guides against the standard technique.

Material and methods: Multiple‐ and single‐type SLA guides from two commercial manufacturers were produced and a total of 341 implants were placed to 52 patients using the standard technique (Control group), bone‐ (bone‐supported guide [BSG] group) and mucosa‐supported SLA guides (Flapless group) in 21, 16 and 15 patients, respectively. Surgical duration (min), number of analgesics (tablets) as well as hemorrhage, difficulty in mouth opening (or trismus) and other incidences were recorded. Pain and swelling was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Parametric and non‐parametric tests were used for statistical analysis (P<.05).

Results: The mean surgery duration (23.53±5.48 min) and the number of analgesics consumed (four tablets) in the Flapless group were lower than those in the control (68.71±11.4 min and 10 tablets) and BSG groups (60.94±13.07 min and 11 tablets, P<0.01). The change in pain scores (VAS) and the number of analgesics consumed in time were statistically significant (P<0.01 and 0.05, respectively) and the Flapless group reported a lower pain score than the BSG (P<0.01) and Control groups (P<0.001). The Flapless group experienced less hemorrhage (χ2=4.12, P=0.041 on the day of surgery) and fewer instances of trismus (χ2=6.91, P=0.031 the day after surgery). The differences in early‐term failures were not statistically significant between the groups (log‐rank test: P=0.782).

Conclusion: The use of mucosa‐supported single SLA guides for flapless implant placement may help reduce the surgery duration, pain intensity, related analgesic consumption and most other complications typical in the post‐implant surgery period. However, there are particular drawbacks in both guide types and further studies are required to confirm the prosthodontic conformity and long‐term success of implants placed using computer‐assisted techniques.

To cite this article:
 Arısan V, Karabuda CZ, Özdemir T. Implant surgery using bone‐ and mucosa‐supported stereolithographic guides in totally edentulous jaws: surgical and post‐operative outcomes of computer‐aided vs. standard techniques. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 980–988. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01957.x
Effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on the glomerular filtration rate of the kidney: an exploratory trial
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Cei Silvia , La Ferla Fabio , Vano Michele , Gabriele Mario , Tonetti Maurizio
Published: May 2010

Graziani F, Cei S, La Ferla F, Vano M, Gabriele M, Tonetti M. Effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on glomerular filtration rate of the kidney: an exploratory trial. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 638–643. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01578.x.

Objective: To determine whether non‐surgical periodontal treatment (PT) would exert, in subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), some beneficial effect on renal function as indicated by surrogate measures of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Material and Methods: Twenty GCP systemically healthy subjects were treated with PT. Serum samples were collected at baseline and 1 day, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days after treatment. GFR was evaluated using cystatin C, a serum marker and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), an equation involving creatinine, urea and albumin. Serum markers of systemic inflammation such as C‐reactive protein (CRP), D‐dimer, serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen were also assessed.

Results: The cystatin C level decreased significantly from baseline to the end of the trial (p<0.01). Conversely, MDRD did not vary. A significant inflammatory reaction was produced by PT in the short term. Greater increases were noted for CRP and SAA within 24 h (p<0.001 versus baseline), while d‐dimer (p<0.05) and fibrinogen (p<0.01) showed mild variations. The values of inflammatory markers were normalized after 30 days.

Conclusions: GFR, as assessed by cystatin C levels, may be positively affected by PT. Because of the exploratory nature of this trial, further research is needed to investigate this preliminary finding.
Predictors of tooth loss during long‐term periodontal maintenance: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Chambrone Daniela , Lima Luiz A. , Chambrone Luiz A.
Published: May 2010

Chambrone L, Chambrone D, Lima LA, Chambrone LA. Predictors of tooth loss during long‐term periodontal maintenance: a systematic review of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 675–684. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01587.x

Objective: To systematically assess the factors influencing tooth loss during long‐term periodontal maintenance (PM).

Methods: CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to and including September 2009. Studies limited to patients with periodontitis who underwent periodontal therapy and followed a maintenance care programme for the at least 5 years were eligible for inclusion in this review. Studies were considered for inclusion if they reported data on tooth loss during PM.

Results: The search strategy identified 527 potentially eligible articles, of which 13 retrospective case series were included in this review. The risk of bias assessment evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale showed that eight studies were considered of medium methodological quality and five of low methodological quality. Of 41,404 teeth present after active periodontal treatment, 3919 were lost during PM. The percentages of tooth loss due to periodontal reasons and of patients who did not experience tooth loss varied from 1.5% to 9.8% and 36.0% to 88.5%. Studies' individual outcomes showed that different patient‐related factors (i.e. age and smoking) and tooth‐related factors (tooth type and location, and the initial tooth prognosis) were associated with tooth loss during PM.

Conclusions: The considerable heterogeneity found among studies did not allow definitive conclusions. Age, smoking and initial tooth prognosis were found to be associated with tooth loss during PM. Overall, patients must be instructed to follow periodic PM and quit smoking (smokers). Prospective cohort studies are required to confirm the possible predictors of tooth loss due to periodontal reasons. The allocation of patients into subgroups according to the type of periodontitis and smoking frequency will allow more accurate evaluations.
CK7 expression in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pulitzer Melissa , Desman Garrett , Busam Klaus J.
Published: May 2010

Aim: To evaluate cytokeratin 7 (CK7) immunoreactivity in invasive primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).

Methods: Twenty‐seven primary cutaneous SCCs from 25 patients were evaluated for tumor grade using hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides and for percentage and intensity of immunoreactivity for CK7. All cases exhibited features of SCC with an in situ component. No glandular or tubular differentiation was present. Staining intensity was graded on a scale of 0–3, with 0 indicating no reaction. Of immunoreactive cases, percentage of tumor staining and distribution of immunoreactivity was documented.

Results: Six of 27 SCCs (22%) exhibited immunostaining for CK7. Of those cases, three were poorly differentiated, exhibiting 2 to 3+ intensity in 5–15% of cells. Two were poorly differentiated, with 2 to 3+ intensity in 30–60% of cells. The remaining immunoreactive tumor was moderately differentiated, with 1+ intensity and 5% staining in an area of microinvasion.

Conclusion: A subset of cutaneous SCCs, in particular, poorly differentiated tumors, may show focal‐to‐partial immunoreactivity for CK7. This is important to bear in mind when immunohistochemistry is used to distinguish SCC from simulants, such as porocarcinoma, or other adnexal carcinomas with squamous metaplasia.

Pulitzer M, Desman G, Busam KJ. CK7 expression in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Biogeomorphologic succession dynamics in a Mediterranean river system
Authors: Corenblit Dov , Steiger Johannes , Tabacchi Eric
Published: May 2010

Biogeomorphologic succession (i.e. reciprocal adjustments between vegetation and geomorphologic dynamics) of the Mediterranean River Tech, France, was analysed using aerial photographs over a period of sixty years between 1942 and 2000. A spatial analysis of the biogeomorphologic succession was undertaken considering effects of flood regime. Interactions between vegetation dynamics and flood events largely controlled the spontaneous replacement of the dense riparian forest removed in October 1940 during an exceptional high magnitude flood event with a recurrence time >100 yr. In response to this major disturbance event, the fluvial landscape demonstrated a very high resilience emphasizing the existence of a positive feedback driven by pioneer riparian vegetation. The observed feedback corresponded to landform accretion, vegetation succession and to an increase of biogeomorphologic stability under current hydrogeomorphologic and bioclimatic conditions. The evolution of the biogeomorphologic system toward stabilisation appeared to be non‐linear with a threshold occurring thirty years after the exceptional destructive flood event. This threshold materialized a reinforcement of biogeomorphologic cohesive forces driven by vegetation dynamics. This study showed the control of riparian vegetation on the dynamics of Mediterranean fluvial landscapes and pointed to the need to improve our knowledge about biogeomorphologic succession cycles and threshold dynamics within different biogeomorphologic settings.
HA modulation of epidermal morphogenesis in an organotypic keratinocyte‐fibroblast co‐culture model
Authors: Gu Hua , Huang Lin , Wong Yim‐Ping , Burd Andrew
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: HA modulation of epidermal morphogenesis in an organotypic keratinocyte‐fibroblast co‐culture model. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e336–e339.

Abstract:  Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix component of the skin. Amongst its biological functions is the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. The mechanisms of action, however, remain unclear. To explore the interaction of HA with the epidermis, we have looked at the effects of exogenous application of HA in an organotypic culture model containing a dermal substrate with and without fibroblast incorporation. The results demonstrate that exogenous HA enhances epidermal proliferation resulting in a thicker viable epidermis with an increase in the number and intensity of Ki67‐positive basal cells; HA also improves the basement membrane assembly as evidenced by an increased expression of laminin‐332 and collagen type IV but not the expression of Nidogen‐1 at the epidermal–dermal junctional zone; furthermore, the development of epidermal lipid barrier structure was enhanced. These findings provide evidence to support the therapeutic use of exogenous HA for treating skin disorders with aberrant epidermal homeostasis.
Deposition of chromatin‐IgG complexes in skin of nephritic MRL‐lpr/lpr mice is associated with increased local matrix metalloprotease activities
Authors: Hedberg Annica , Fismen Silje , Fenton Kristin A. , Mortensen Elin S. , Rekvig Ole P.
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Deposition of chromatin‐IgG complexes in skin of nephritic MRL‐lpr/lpr mice is associated with increased local matrix metalloprotease activities. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e265–e274.

Abstract:  Chromatin‐IgG complexes appear as electron dense structures (EDS) in glomerular basement membranes in lupus nephritis. Here, we present results of comparative analyses of the composition of EDS in murine lupus dermatitis and nephritis. One focus was to perform an analytical approach to understand why such complex structures bind skin basement membrane components. Transcription of skin membrane‐encoding genes was analysed to see if expression of such genes was increased, eventually indicating that binding capacity of immune complexes increased when dermatitis developed. Variations in matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2), MMP9 and Dnase1 mRNA levels and enzymatic activities were correlated with circulatory chromatin‐IgG complexes and deposition in skin. We also examined if glomerular deposits of EDS predicted similar deposits in skin of (NZB × NZW)F1 or MRL‐lpr/lpr mice, as we observed chromatin‐IgG complexes in capillary lumina in skin and glomeruli in both strains. EDS consisting of chromatin fragments and IgG were found sub‐epidermally in skin with LE‐like lesions of end‐stage nephritic MRL‐lpr/lpr mice. Dermal MMP‐encoding genes were up‐regulated during disease progression, and gelatinolytic activity was increased in affected skin. Dnase1 mRNA level and total nuclease activity remained stable in skin during the disease, in contrast to progressive loss of renal Dnase1 mRNA and total renal nuclease activity during development of nephritis. Loss of renal Dnase1 may explain release of chromatin fragments, while increased MMP activity may disrupt membranes making them accessible for chromatin fragment‐IgG complexes. Circulatory chromatin‐IgG complexes, and up‐regulated intradermal MMP activity may be crucial for deposition of immune complexes in skin of lupus‐prone mice.
Functional characterization of highly adherent CD34+ keratinocytes isolated from human skin
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rivera Araika , Pavón‐Rodríguez Andrés , Jiménez‐Acosta Francisco , Poblet Enrique , Braun Kristin M. , Cormenzana Pedro , Ciria Juan Pablo , Larretxea Rafael , Cárdenas José Manuel , Izeta Ander
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Functional characterization of highly adherent CD34+ keratinocytes isolated from human skin. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 685–688.

Abstract:  Compared to murine models, data on cells responsible for the homeostasis of human epidermis are scarce and often contradictory. Given the conflicting results and the availability of clinical grade protocols to purify CD34 cells from a given tissue, we pursued to phenotypically characterize human epidermal CD34+ population. After magnetic separation of whole skin CD34+ and CD34− cell fractions and selection for cells highly adherent to extracellular matrix, both CD34± fractions retained the ability to form a stratified epidermis in organotypic cultures and presented similar in vitro migratory phenotypes. However CD34− cells showed higher clonogenic potential and in vitro proliferative capacity. These results indicated that CD34− cell fraction contains stem/early progenitor cells, while CD34+ cells might be a transit‐amplifying precursor for hair follicle (HF) sheath cells. The ability to isolate living cells using differential cell adhesion and surface markers provides an opportunity to study cells from different morphological regions of the HF.
Splenic angioleiomyoma in an owl monkey (Aotus nancymae)
Authors: Gozalo Alfonso S. , Zerfas Patricia M. , Starost Matthew F. , Elkins William R. , Clarke Carol L.
Published: May 2010

Background  An adult male owl monkey (Aotus nancymae) underwent a splenectomy. When the spleen was removed, a small, nodular mass slightly bulging over the splenic surface was noted.

Methods  The mass was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry.

Results  On light microscopy, the mass was well‐circumscribed, non‐encapsulated, and composed of haphazardly arranged smooth muscle bundles admixed with numerous small capillary‐like structures containing blood. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed the tumor was strongly positive for smooth muscle actin yielding vascular smooth muscle bundles, and for Factor VIII, staining endothelial cells within the smooth muscle bundles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a large portion of the cells to be atypical appearing smooth muscle and a few cells had structures resembling Weibel–Palade bodies indicating endothelial cells.

Conclusions  Based on cell morphology, by light and TEM, and IHC a final diagnosis of splenic angioleiomyoma was made. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of an angioleiomyoma in a non‐human primate.
Scapular positioning in overhead athletes with and without shoulder pain: a case–control study
Authors: Struyf F. , Nijs J. , De Graeve J. , Mottram S. , Meeusen R.
Published: May 2010

Abnormalities of scapular positioning are considered important risk factors for developing shoulder disorders. This study analyses the scapular positioning pattern in a group of overhead athletes with and without shoulder pain. In a multi‐center blinded case–control study, 36 shoulder pain athletes (19 men, 17 women), were compared with 36 unimpaired athletes free of shoulder pain, matched for gender, age, hand dominance and body mass index. The blinded assessor performed visual observation, the measurement of the distance between the acromion and the table, inclinometry and the kinetic medial rotation test for dynamic scapular control in random order. Athletes with shoulder pain demonstrate scapular asymmetry in the sagittal plane, observed visually as anterior tilting on the painful side. Athletes with shoulder pain show a lack of scapular motor control on their painful side in contrast to their pain‐free side. No scapular positioning or motor control differences were found in athletes with or without shoulder pain.
Characterizing patellar tendon loading during the landing phases of a stop‐jump task
Authors: Edwards S. , Steele J. R. , Cook J. L. , Purdam C. R. , McGhee D. E. , Munro B. J.
Published: May 2010

Excessive extensor mechanism loading from repeated landing has been associated with overuse knee injuries, especially patellar tendinopathy. In order to reduce these loads, it is important to establish which landing task places the highest load on the patellar tendon. It was hypothesized that the horizontal landing would create higher patellar tendon force (FPT) compared with the vertical landing. Sixteen male athletes with healthy patellar tendons performed five successful trials of a stop‐jump task, which involved a symmetrical two‐foot landing after a horizontal approach (horizontal landing) followed by another symmetrical two‐foot landing after a vertical jump (vertical landing). For both lower limbs during each trial, the participants' ground reaction forces were recorded, three‐dimensional kinematics measured and FPT calculated by dividing the net knee joint moment by the patellar tendon moment arm. Compared with the vertical landing, significantly higher FPT, posterior ground reaction forces and FPT loading rates were generated during the horizontal landing, despite lower vertical ground reaction forces (FV), highlighting the notion that FV should not be used to reflect FPT. Understanding that a horizontal landing task places the highest load on the patellar tendon, provides an appropriate framework for future research to investigate lower limb landing strategies in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.
Effect of whole‐body vibration on neuromuscular performance and body composition for females 65 years and older: a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: von Stengel S. , Kemmler W. , Engelke K. , Kalender W. A.
Published: May 2010

We examined whether the effect of multipurpose exercise can be enhanced by whole‐body vibration (WBV). One hundred and fifty‐one post‐menopausal women (68.5±3.1 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a training group (TG); (2) training including vibration (VTG); and (3) a wellness control group (CG). TG and VTG performed the same training program twice weekly (60 min), consisting of aerobic and strength exercises, with the only difference that leg strength exercises (15 min) were performed with (VTG) or without (TG) vibration. CG performed a low‐intensity “wellness” program. At baseline and after 18 months, body composition was determined using dual‐X‐ray‐absorptiometry. Maximum isometric strength was determined for the legs and the trunk region. Leg power was measured by countermovement jumps using a force‐measuring plate. In the TG lean body mass, total body fat, and abdominal fat were favorably affected, but no additive effects were generated by the vibration stimulus. However, concerning muscle strength and power, there was a tendency in favor of the VTG. Only vibration training resulted in a significant increase of leg and trunk flexion strength compared with CG. In summary, WBV embedded in a multipurpose exercise program showed minor additive effects on body composition and neuromuscular performance.
Antigen‐presenting Cells in Pregnant and Non‐pregnant Human Myometrium
Authors: Ivanisevic Marina , Segerer Sabine , Rieger Lorenz , Kapp Michaela , Dietl Johannes , Kämmerer Ulrike , Frambach Torsten
Published: May 2010

Citation Ivanisevic M, Segerer S, Rieger L, Kapp M, Dietl J, Kämmerer U, Frambach T. Antigen‐presenting cells in pregnant and non‐pregnant human myometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 188–196

Problem  Inflammatory cells play a crucial role in human parturition. Different populations of leucocytes invade the reproductive tract. Numerous studies have described the decidual immune cell population in pregnant and non‐pregnant endometrium. However, little is known about the presence of immune cells in human myometrium.

Method of study  We herein analysed a spectrum of immune cells in human myometrium comparing tissue samples from non‐pregnant (n = 8) and pregnant (n = 10) uteri. Applying immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies specific for T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, B cells and antigen‐presenting cells (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD56, CD68, CD83, HLA‐DR, DC‐Sign, mast cell tryptase), we characterized the immune cell population of human myometrium.

Results  A significantly higher number of CD14, CD15, CD16, DC‐SIGN as well as CD4‐positive cells were found in myometrium of pregnant compared to non‐pregnant uteri, while mast cells were significantly reduced in pregnant myometrium.

Conclusion  All markers found increased in pregnant myometrium indicate monocyte/macrophage lineage cells and thus suggest a possible involvement of these cells in healthy pregnancy maintenance. Monocytes/macrophages might produce a microenvironment that permits a controlled invasion of trophoblast cells into the myometrium while preventing a rejection of the semiallogenic conceptus and providing an important barrier against invading pathogenes.
Neonatal blood glucose concentrations in caesarean and vaginally delivered term infants
Authors: Marom Ronella , Dollberg Shaul , Mimouni Francis B. , Berger Irit , Mordechayev Nina , Ochshorn Yifat , Mandel Dror
Published: May 2010

Background:  Little is known about the glucose concentrations at and after birth of infants delivered by caesarean section (CS), when compared with infants born vaginally (VD).

Aim:  To compare venous cord blood glucose concentrations of term infants born after elective CS to infants born by VD. We studied the null hypothesis that mode of delivery does not affect neonatal blood glucose values.

Methods:  We compared cord blood glucose concentrations in healthy term infants born after VD (n = 16) or by elective CS (n = 21). Glucose concentrations were obtained immediately at birth from the umbilical cord. Kruskal–Wallis was used to compare glucose concentrations and demographic variables between the groups.

Results:  Gestational age was 39.6 ± 0.8 weeks in VD group vs. 38.7 ± 0.9 weeks in CS group, and birthweight was 3359 ± 494 vs. 3500 ± 528 g. Cord blood glucose concentration was higher in VD (81.3 ± 16.9 mg/dL) than CS infants (70.3 ± 9.7 mg/dL, p = 0.039). The change in blood glucose concentration over the first 2‐h of life differed significantly between the two groups, being an increase in CS versus a decrease in VD infants (−3.5 ± 15.2 vs. −15.4 ± 24.6 mg/dL, p = 0.013).

Conclusions:  Glucose concentrations in VD infants are higher than in infants born by elective CS without labour.
Impact of flooding on feeding practices of infants and young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh Slums: what are the coping strategies?
Authors: Goudet Sophie M. , Griffiths Paula L. , Bogin Barry A. , Selim Nasima
Published: May 2010

Previous research has shown that urban slums are hostile environments for the growth of infants and young children (IYC). Flooding is a hazard commonly found in Dhaka slums (Bangladesh) which negatively impacts IYC's nutritional and health status. This paper aims 1) to identify the impact of flooding on IYC's feeding practices, and 2) to explore the coping strategies developed by caregivers. Qualitative data (participant observation and semi‐structured interviews) and quantitative data (household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements) collected in slums in Dhaka (n = 18 mothers,n = 5 community health workers, andn = 55 children) were analysed. The subjects of the interviews were mothers and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) community health workers living and working in the slums. Research findings showed that breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices for IYC were poor and inappropriate due to lack of knowledge, time, and resources in normal times and worse during flooding. One coping strategy developed by mothers purposely to protect their IYC's nutritional status was to decrease their personal food intake. Our research findings suggest that mothers perceived the negative impact of flooding on their IYC's nutritional health but did not have the means to prevent it. They could only maintain their health through coping strategies which had other negative consequences. The results suggests a holistic approach combining 1) provision of relief for nutritionally vulnerable groups during flooding, 2) support to mothers in their working role, 3) breastfeeding counseling and support to lactating mothers with difficulties, and 4) preventing malnutrition in under 2 year old children.
Human δ opioid receptor biogenesis is regulated via interactions with SERCA2b and calnexin
Authors: Tuusa Jussi T. , Leskelä Tarja T. , Petäjä‐Repo Ulla E.
Published: May 2010

Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)2b maintains the cellular Ca2+ homeostasis by transferring Ca2+ from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently, SERCA2b has also been shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of secreted and membrane proteins via direct protein–protein interactions, involving components of the ER folding and quality‐control machinery, as well as newly synthesized G protein‐coupled receptors. Here we demonstrate that the human delta opioid receptor (hδOR) exists in a ternary complex with SERCA2b and the ER molecular chaperone calnexin. The interaction between SERCA2b and hδOR in vivo did not require calnexin as it was independent of the C‐terminal calnexin‐interacting domain of SERCA2b. However, the receptor was able to mediate co‐immunoprecipitation of calnexin with the C‐terminally truncated SERCA2b. The association of SERCA2b with hδOR was regulated in vitro by Ca2+ and ATP in a manner that was opposite to the calnexin–hδOR interaction. Importantly, co‐expression of the catalytically inactive SERCA2b(D351A) or calnexin binding‐compromised SERCA2bΔC mutants with the receptor decreased the expression of mature receptors in a manner that did not directly relate to changes in the ER Ca2+ concentration. We conclude that dynamic interactions among SERCA2b, calnexin and the hδOR precursor orchestrate receptor biogenesis and are regulated by Ca2+ and ATP. We further hypothesize that the primary role of SERCA2b in this process is to act as a Ca2+ sensor in the vicinity of active translocons, integrating protein folding with local fluctuations of ER Ca2+ levels.

Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7889371: hδORΔC (uniprotkb:P41143) physically interacts (MI:0915) with SERCA2b (uniprotkb:P16615) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)

MINT‐7889483: hδOR (uniprotkb:P41143) physically interacts (MI:0914) with Calnexin (uniprotkb:P27824) and SERCA2b (uniprotkb:P16615) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)

MINT‐7889460: SERCA2b (uniprotkb:P11607) physically interacts (MI:0914) with hδOR (uniprotkb:P41143) and Calnexin (uniprotkb:P27824) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)

MINT‐7889389: SERCA2b (uniprotkb:P11607) physically interacts (MI:0915) with hδOR (uniprotkb:P41143) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)

MINT‐7889430: SERCA2b (uniprotkb:P11607) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Calnexin (uniprotkb:P27824) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)

MINT‐7889342: SERCA2b (uniprotkb:P16615) physically interacts (MI:0914) with Calnexin (uniprotkb:P27824) and hΔOR (uniprotkb:P41143) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)

MINT‐7889449: hδOR (uniprotkb:P41143) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Calnexin (uniprotkb:P27824) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
Novel strategy for protein production using a peptide tag derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Aa
Authors: Hayakawa Tohru , Sato Shinya , Iwamoto Shigehisa , Sudo Shigeo , Sakamoto Yoshiki , Yamashita Takaaki , Uchida Motoaki , Matsushima Kenji , Kashino Yohko , Sakai Hiroshi
Published: May 2010

Numerous proteins cannot be sufficiently prepared by ordinary recombinant DNA techniques because they are unstable or have deleterious effects on the host cell. One idea to prepare such proteins is to produce them as protein inclusions. Here we developed a novel system to effectively prepare proteins by using peptide tags derived from the insecticidal Cry toxin of a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. Fusion with this peptide tag, designated 4AaCter, facilitates the formation of protein inclusions of glutathione S‐transferase in Escherichia coli without losing the enzyme activity. Application of 4AaCter to the production of syphilis antigens TpN15, TpN17 and TpN47 from Treponema pallidum yielded excellent results, including a dramatic increase in the production level, simplification of the product purification and high reactivity with syphilis antibody. The use of 4AaCter may provide an innovational strategy for the efficient production of proteins.
Central Neuropathic Pain: An Unusual Case of Painful Ejaculation Responding to Topiramate
Authors: Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Marra Angela , Quattrini Fabrizio , Gervasi Giuseppe , Levita Antonino , Bramanti Placido
Published: May 2010

Introduction

Painful ejaculation (PE) is an uncommon condition and it is usually associated with prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, benign prostatic hyperplasia, ejaculatory duct obstruction, radical prostatectomy, and prostate radiation. Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug with recognized efficacy in neuropathic pain.

Aim

The study is aimed to evaluate TPM efficacy in ejaculation pain.

Methods

Following a spinal cord injury, a 53-year-old man was referred to our institute for persistent PE. Neurological examination showed mild hypoesthesia of the genital area. Urogenital examination, neurophysiological tools, and computed tomography of the dorso-lumbar spine were normal.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome measure was the visual analogue scale.

Results

Since pain was refractory to conventional neuropathic pharmacological therapies, TPM was introduced up to 150 mg daily with a dramatic improvement of PE.

Conclusion

TPM may be considered as a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of PE.
Udenafil Enhances the Recovery of Erectile Function and Ameliorates the Pathophysiological Consequences of Cavernous Nerve Resection
Authors: Lee Chan-Ho , Shin Jee-Hyun , Ahn Gook-Jun , Kang Kyung-Koo , Ahn Byoung-Ok , Yoo Moohi
Published: May 2010

Introduction

Radical prostatectomy is the treatment of choice for prostate cancer patients. Despite the introduction of nerve-sparing surgical techniques, its success is not entirely guaranteed and the majority of patients report compromised erectile function following surgical procedures.

Aim

This study was performed to investigate the effect of repeated dosing of udenafil, a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, on penile hypoxia and fibrosis induced by bilateral cavernous nerve resection (BCNR) in rats.

Methods

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (300–320 g) were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups; group I consisted of sham-operated animals (N=10), animals in group II underwent BCNR alone (N=10), and animals in group III were orally treated with 10 mg/kg udenafil b.i.d. for 8 weeks following BCNR (N=10).

Main Outcome Measures

The expression of transforming growth factor-β1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and endothelin B receptor in penile tissue was examined at gene level. Additionally, erectile function, measured by intracavernous pressure (ICP), and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum were examined.

Results

While fibrosis, apoptosis, and the expression of TGF-β1, HIF-1α, and ETB were significantly increased, and the expression of eNOS and nNOS were significantly decreased in group II, compared with the sham-operated animals, repeated dosing of udenafil significantly ameliorated these changes. Erectile function was profoundly impaired in animals that underwent BCNR alone, and udenafil treatment significantly attenuated this impairment as measured by ICP.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that long-term administration of udenafil ameliorates penile hypoxia and fibrosis induced by cavernous nerve resection. This study also suggests the potential beneficial role of repeated dosing of udenafil in the recovery of erectile function in patients with neuronal erectile dysfunction.
A discrepancy between serological and molecular typing results led to identification of a novel HLA‐B*57 allele: HLA‐B*5728N
Authors: Cosentini E. , Frison S. , Longhi E. , Mantovani M. , Luongo V. , Ciardiello G. , Bruno P. , Poli F.
Published: May 2010

Here, we describe the characterisation of a new allelic variant of HLA‐B*57. The novel allele, HLA‐B*5728N, was identified with sequence‐based typing in a Caucasoid family. HLA‐B*5728N, differs from HLA‐B*5701 because of a nucleotide substitution at position 420 (C‐>G) resulting in a coding change from Tyrosine to a stop codon.
Estimating Orangutan Densities Using the Standing Crop and Marked Nest Count Methods: Lessons Learned for Conservation
Authors: Spehar Stephanie N. , Mathewson Paul D. , Nuzuar  , Wich Serge A. , Marshall Andrew J. , Kühl Hjalmar , Nardiyono  , Meijaard Erik
Published: May 2010

Reliable estimates of great ape abundance are needed to assess distribution, monitor population status, evaluate conservation tactics, and identify priority populations for conservation. Rather than using direct counts, surveyors often count ape nests. The standing crop nest count (SCNC) method converts the standing stock of nests into animal densities using a set of parameters, including nest decay rate. Nest decay rates vary greatly over space and time, and it takes months to calculate a site‐specific value. The marked nest count (MNC) method circumvents this issue and only counts new nests produced during a defined period. We compared orangutan densities calculated by the two methods using data from studies in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. We show how animal densities calculated using nest counts should be cautiously interpreted when used to make decisions about management or budget allocation. Even with site‐specific decay rates, short studies using the SCNC method may not accurately reflect the current population unless conducted at a scale sufficient to include wide‐ranging orangutan movement. Density estimates from short studies using the MNC method were affected by small sample sizes and by orangutan movement. To produce reliable results, the MNC method may require a similar amount of effort as the SCNC method. We suggest a reduced reliance on the traditional line transect surveys in favor of feasible alternative methods when absolute abundance numbers are not necessary or when site‐specific nest decay rates are not known. Given funding constraints, aerial surveys, reconnaissance walks, and interview techniques may be more cost‐effective means of accomplishing some survey goals.
Rain Forest Conservation in a Tribal World: Why Forest Dwellers Prefer Loggers to Conservationists
Authors: Novotny Vojtech
Published: May 2010

In Papua New Guinea, the fate of forests is governed by forest‐dwelling tribal societies. A rapidly increasing pace of logging compels us to ask why tribal communities prefer logging to conservation. In the absence of feasible development opportunities, remote communities become quickly enthusiastic about conservation projects, but once an area is opened up to logging few such projects survive. Direct payments to forest owners to cover the costs of missed opportunities for economic development are advocated here to make conservation competitive. A conservation royalty scheme would deliver a higher proportion of the conservation funds to the resource owners than the management‐intensive community development projects currently favored. Such an approach requires a profound cultural change within conservation organizations from a ‘development aid’ approach to one more oriented toward business.
Biodiversity Mapping: The ‘John Gould’ Component of Tropical Biology
Authors: Longino John T.
Published: May 2010

One can take a pessimistic or optimistic view of the future of tropical biodiversity and still find a strong rational for detailed ‘biodiversity mapping’. The maps should be detailed descriptions of species and their geographic ranges, based on real specimens in research collections, and all linked to extensive electronic resources. Support is needed for the makers of the biodiversity map, who are at the nexus of systematics and ecology. Biodiversity mapping should be accompanied by taxon‐specific short courses that introduce students to specimen preparation and basic identification skills, fostering strong interactions among ecologists and systematists.
The Interactions among DWARF10, Auxin and Cytokinin Underlie Lateral Bud Outgrowth in Rice
Authors: Zhang Shuying , Li Gang , Fang Jun , Chen Weiqi , Jiang Haipai , Zou Junhuang , Liu Xue , Zhao Xianfeng , Li Xiaobing , Chu Chengcai , Xie Qi , Jiang Xiangning , Zhu Lihuang
Published: May 2010

Previous studies have shown that DWARF10 (D10) is a rice ortholog of MAX4/RMS1/DAD1, encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone‐derivatives (SL) biosynthesis. Here we use D10‐ RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants similar to d10 mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among D10, auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching. Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated D10‐RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly, showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration, but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants. This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and D10 gene would be detected. D10 expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation, and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application, indicating that D10 may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL. The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of D10‐RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity. Furthermore, effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that D10 promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels. Besides, in D10‐RNAi plants, decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents, resulting in more tillering phenotypes.
Cosmic rays from pulsars and magnetars
Authors: Heyl Jeremy S. , Gill Ramandeep , Hernquist Lars
Published: May 2010

We compare the expected abundance of cosmic ray electrons and positrons from pulsars and magnetars. We assume that the distribution of infant pulsars and magnetars follows that of high-mass stars in the Milky Way and that the production rate of cosmic rays is proportional to the spin-down and magnetic-decay power of pulsars and magnetars, respectively. In combination with primary and secondary cosmic ray leptons from other sources (especially supernova remnants), we find that both magnetars and pulsars can easily account for the observed cosmic ray spectrum, in particular the dip seen by HESS (High-Energy Stereoscopic System) at several TeV and the increase in positron fraction found by PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Exploration and Light Nuclei Astrophysics).
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD RECALLS AND PRODUCTION SAFETY: TWO SURVEYS OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC
Authors: STEELFISHER GILLIAN , WELDON KATHLEEN , BENSON JOHN M. , BLENDON ROBERT J.
Published: May 2010

This study uses two national telephone surveys to assess the American public's response to major food recalls, including the 2009 peanut product recall and recalls in 2006–2008, such as spinach and ground beef. Many Americans are alerted to major food recalls (55–93%), but there are important gaps in their understanding of which foods are included in multiproduct recalls. A quarter of Americans (27%) believe that they did not have enough information to protect themselves and their families in the latest peanut product recall, although few (18%) sought out information. Nearly all Americans believe that food produced domestically is safe (96%), but many have little confidence in the food safety infrastructure. Furthermore, many believe that imported foods, particularly from China or Mexico, are not safe (56%; 47%). In general, racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to have information about recalls and less likely than White people to have confidence in the food safety infrastructure.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The findings of these two surveys suggest important improvements for future communication efforts concerning major food recalls. Future communications should focus more on providing actionable information about what products are included in a recall and how to identify them on store and kitchen shelves. The American public may also benefit from information provided through channels that do not require any extra effort on their part, like television and radio. Explicit encouragement to let friends and family know about recalls may also help get the message out. Communications efforts may need to restore public confidence in our food safety systems in order to ensure greater compliance to messages delivered at the time of an outbreak. Finally, it will be important to reach out actively to racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African‐Americans (AA), with effective information about recalls and foodborne illness.
THE EFFECT OF LACTOBACILLUS SAKEI ON THE BEHAVIOR OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON SLICED BOLOGNA‐TYPE SAUSAGES
Authors: KABAN GÜZIN , KAYA MÜKERREM , LÜCKE FRIEDRICH‐KARL
Published: May 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 (bacteriocin positive) and L. sakei Lb 706‐B (bacteriocin negative) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on sliced bologna‐type sausage under vacuum or modified‐atmosphere packaging (MAP) (50%CO2/50%N2) stored at 4C up to 6 weeks. L. monocytogenes multiplied on bologna slices under vacuum or modified atmosphere by approximately 3 log cfu/g at the end of storage. However, in samples under MAP with or without L. sakei, the number of L. monocytogenes during the storage remained generally at the inoculated level. In vacuum‐packaged samples containing L. sakei Lb 706‐B, the number of L. monocytogenes increased 1 log cfu/g after 3 weeks, while the pathogen did not grow in the samples with L. sakei Lb 706. The pH value of samples with L. sakei did not drop below 5.5. The results indicate that CO2 (in modified atmosphere) and the use of L. sakei (Bacteriocin negative or positive) have a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes in sliced beef bologna‐type sausages.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

Post‐processing contamination in cooked meat products with Listeria monocytogenes became a major concern for the meat processing industry and an important food safety issue. This study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 and its bacteriocin negative variant on the behavior of L. monocytogenes, as a post‐process contaminant, in sliced beef bologna‐type sausage under vacuum or modified atmosphere (50%CO2/50%N2).