bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Perceptions of Standard Order Set Use Among Physicians Working Within a Multihospital System: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Naicker Sundresan , Tariq Amina , Donovan Raelene , Magon Honor , White Nicole , Simmons Joshua , McPhail Steven M
Published: September 2024

Background

Electronic standard order sets automate the ordering of specific treatment, testing, and investigative protocols by physicians. These tools may help reduce unwarranted clinical variation and improve health care efficiency. Despite their routine implementation within electronic medical records (EMRs), little is understood about how they are used and what factors influence their adoption in practice.

Objective

This study aims to (1) describe the patterns of use of standard order sets implemented in a widely used EMR (PowerPlans and Cerner Millennium) within a multihospital digital health care system; (2) explore the experiences and perceptions of implementers and users regarding the factors contributing to the use of these standard order sets; and (3) map these findings to the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model of behavior change to assist those planning to develop, improve, implement, and iterate the use of standard order sets in hospital settings.

Methods

Quantitative data on standard order set usage were captured from 5 hospitals over 5-month intervals for 3 years (2019, 2020, and 2021). Qualitative data, comprising unstructured and semistructured interviews (n=15), were collected and analyzed using a reflexive thematic approach. Interview themes were then mapped to a theory-informed model of behavior change (COM-B) to identify determinants of standard order set usage in routine clinical practice. The COM-B model is an evidence-based, multicomponent framework that posits that human actions result from multiple contextual influences, which can be categorized across 3 dimensions: capability, opportunity, and motivation, all of which intersect.

Results

The total count of standard order set usage across the health system during the 2019 observation period was 267,253, increasing to 293,950 in 2020 and 335,066 in 2021. There was a notable shift toward using specialty order sets that received upgrades during the study period. Four emergent themes related to order set use were derived from clinician interviews: (1) Knowledge and Skills; (2) Perceptions; (3) Technical Dependencies; and (4) Unintended Consequences, all of which were mapped to the COM-B model. Findings indicate a user preference for customized order sets that respond to local context and user experience.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that ongoing investment in the development and functionality of specialty order sets has the potential to enhance usage as these sets continue to be customized in response to local context and user experience. Sustained and continuous uptake of appropriate Computerized Provider Order Entry use may require implementation strategies that address the capability, opportunity, and motivational influencers of behavior.
Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on Attention and Motor Ability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Chuanwen , Wang Cheng , Xie Qi , Wang Chaoxin
Published: September 2024

Background

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and virtual reality (VR) has been used in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.

Objective

This paper aims to systematically evaluate the effect of VR technology on the attention and motor ability of children with ADHD.

Methods

The intervention method of the experimental group was VR technology, while the control group adopted non-VR technology. The population was children with ADHD. The outcome indicators were attention and motor abilities. The experimental design was randomized controlled trial. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase for randomized controlled trials related to the effect of VR technology on ADHD children’s attention and motor ability. The retrieval date was from the establishment of each database to January 4, 2023. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Stata (version 17.0; StataCorp LLC) was used for effect size combination, forest map-making, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias. GRADEpro (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc) was used to evaluate the level of evidence quality.

Results

A total of 9 literature involving 370 children with ADHD were included. VR technology can improve ADHD children’s attention (Cohen d=−0.68, 95% CI −1.12 to −0.24; P<.001) and motor ability (Cohen d=0.48, 95% CI 0.16-0.80; P<.001). The intervention method and diagnosis type for VR technology had a moderating effect on the intervention’ impact on children’s attention (P<.05). The improvement in children’s attention by “immersive” VR technology was statistically significant (Cohen d=−1.05, 95% CI −1.76 to −0.34; P=.004). The improvement of children’s attention by “nonimmersive” VR technology was statistically significant (Cohen d=−0.28, 95% CI −0.55 to −0.01; P=.04). VR technology had beneficial effects on both children with an “informal diagnosis” (Cohen d=−1.47, 95% CI −2.35 to −0.59; P=.001) and those with a “formal diagnosis” (Cohen d=−0.44, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.03; P=.03).

Conclusions

VR technology can improve attention and motor ability in children with ADHD. Immersive VR technology has the best attention improvement effect for informally diagnosed children with ADHD.
A Digital Approach for Addressing Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Youth Mental Health Services: Observational Study
Authors: Chong Min K , Hickie Ian B , Ottavio Antonia , Rogers David , Dimitropoulos Gina , LaMonica Haley M , Borgnolo Luke J , McKenna Sarah , Scott Elizabeth M , Iorfino Frank
Published: September 2024

Background

Long wait times for mental health treatments may cause delays in early detection and management of suicidal ideation and behaviors, which are crucial for effective mental health care and suicide prevention. The use of digital technology is a potential solution for prompt identification of youth with high suicidality.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a digital suicidality notification system designed to detect and respond to suicidal needs in youth mental health services. Second, the study aimed to characterize young people at different levels of suicidal ideation and behaviors.

Methods

Young people aged between 16 and 25 years completed multidimensional assessments using a digital platform, collecting demographic, clinical, social, functional, and suicidality information. When the suicidality score exceeded a predetermined threshold, established based on clinical expertise and service policies, a rule-based algorithm configured within the platform immediately generated an alert for treating clinicians. Subsequent clinical actions and response times were analyzed.

Results

A total of 2021 individuals participated, of whom 266 (11%) triggered one or more high suicidal ideation and behaviors notification. Of the 292 notifications generated, 76% (222/292) were resolved, with a median response time of 1.9 (range 0-50.8) days. Clinical actions initiated to address suicidality included creating safety plans (60%, 134/222), conducting safety checks (18%, 39/222), psychological therapy (8%, 17/222), transfer to another service (3%, 8/222), and scheduling of new appointments (2%, 4/222). Young people with high levels of suicidality were more likely to present with more severe and comorbid symptoms, including low engagement in work or education, heterogenous psychopathology, substance misuse, and recurrent illness.

Conclusions

The digital suicidality notification system facilitated prompt clinical actions by alerting clinicians to high levels of suicidal ideation and behaviors detected among youth. Further, the multidimensional assessment revealed complex and comorbid symptoms exhibited in youth with high suicidality. By expediting and personalizing care for those displaying elevated suicidality, the digital notification system can play a pivotal role in preventing rapid symptom progression and its detrimental impacts on young people’s mental health.
Using Large Language Models to Abstract Complex Social Determinants of Health From Original and Deidentified Medical Notes: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Ralevski Alexandra , Taiyab Nadaa , Nossal Michael , Mico Lindsay , Piekos Samantha , Hadlock Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Background

Social determinants of health (SDoH) such as housing insecurity are known to be intricately linked to patients’ health status. More efficient methods for abstracting structured data on SDoH can help accelerate the inclusion of exposome variables in biomedical research and support health care systems in identifying patients who could benefit from proactive outreach. Large language models (LLMs) developed from Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) have shown potential for performing complex abstraction tasks on unstructured clinical notes.

Objective

Here, we assess the performance of GPTs on identifying temporal aspects of housing insecurity and compare results between both original and deidentified notes.

Methods

We compared the ability of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to identify instances of both current and past housing instability, as well as general housing status, from 25,217 notes from 795 pregnant women. Results were compared with manual abstraction, a named entity recognition model, and regular expressions.

Results

Compared with GPT-3.5 and the named entity recognition model, GPT-4 had the highest performance and had a much higher recall (0.924) than human abstractors (0.702) in identifying patients experiencing current or past housing instability, although precision was lower (0.850) compared with human abstractors (0.971). GPT-4’s precision improved slightly (0.936 original, 0.939 deidentified) on deidentified versions of the same notes, while recall dropped (0.781 original, 0.704 deidentified).

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that while manual abstraction is likely to yield slightly more accurate results overall, LLMs can provide a scalable, cost-effective solution with the advantage of greater recall. This could support semiautomated abstraction, but given the potential risk for harm, human review would be essential before using results for any patient engagement or care decisions. Furthermore, recall was lower when notes were deidentified prior to LLM abstraction.
Ethical Considerations in Human-Centered AI: Advancing Oncology Chatbots Through Large Language Models
Authors: Chow James C L , Li Kay
Published: September 2024

The integration of chatbots in oncology underscores the pressing need for human-centered artificial intelligence (AI) that addresses patient and family concerns with empathy and precision. Human-centered AI emphasizes ethical principles, empathy, and user-centric approaches, ensuring technology aligns with human values and needs. This review critically examines the ethical implications of using large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and GPT-4 (OpenAI) in oncology chatbots. It examines how these models replicate human-like language patterns, impacting the design of ethical AI systems. The paper identifies key strategies for ethically developing oncology chatbots, focusing on potential biases arising from extensive datasets and neural networks. Specific datasets, such as those sourced from predominantly Western medical literature and patient interactions, may introduce biases by overrepresenting certain demographic groups. Moreover, the training methodologies of LLMs, including fine-tuning processes, can exacerbate these biases, leading to outputs that may disproportionately favor affluent or Western populations while neglecting marginalized communities. By providing examples of biased outputs in oncology chatbots, the review highlights the ethical challenges LLMs present and the need for mitigation strategies. The study emphasizes integrating human-centric values into AI to mitigate these biases, ultimately advocating for the development of oncology chatbots that are aligned with ethical principles and capable of serving diverse patient populations equitably.
Validity of resting heart rate derived from contact-based smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) compared with electrocardiography (ECG): A 2024 updated systematic review and meta-analysis of correlation coefficients. (Preprint)
Authors: Mather James David , Sculthorpe Nicholas F , Mair Jacqueline L , Hayes Lawrence D
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth), the use of mobile devices for promotion or measurement of health is on the rise. Smartphone cameras can perform photoplethysmography (PPG) for the assessment of heart rate (HR) and other cardiac cycle characteristics. However, rigorous validity is necessary before smartphone measurement of PPG can be utilized for healthcare provision.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the validity (determined by correlation coefficients) of resting heart rate (RHR) acquisition from PPG utilizing contact-based smartphone devices versus electrocardiogram as the gold standard.

METHODS

ScienceDirect, PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant studies between January 1st, 2007, and November 6th, 2022. The analysis was carried out using the Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient as the outcome measure with a random-effects model.

RESULTS

In total, eight articles with nine datasets were included. All studies exhibited good to very strong and correlations ranging from r = .98 to 1. This resulted in a Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient of 3.60 (95% CI = 2.87 to 4.32; z = 9.71, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Smartphone applications measuring RHR derived from contact-based smartphone PPG correlated to ECG with a very strong magnitude in healthy subjects. Yet, agreement was established under highly controlled conditions and these data require replication in clinical populations for its true applicability to be justified.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Kalium sebagai salah satu keunggulan tempe kedelai lokal Indonesia (varietas Grobogan) dibandingkan tempe kedelai impor
Authors: Widiany Fery Lusviana , Metty Metty , Widaryanti Rahayu , Azizah Shafira Nur
Published: September 2024

Potassium is one of the advantages of local Indonesian soybean tempeh (Grobogan variety) compared to imported soybean tempehBackground: Fulfilling high potassium needs can be done by replacing portions of food that have a low potassium content with foods that have a high potassium content, one of which is from legume products or processed products such as tempeh. Indonesian people are considered to prefer imported soybean tempeh products compared to local soybean tempeh, even though local soybean tempeh is thought to have better nutritional content than imported soybean tempeh. Objective: This research was conducted to analyze the potential advantage of local soybean tempeh compared to imported soybean tempeh based on potassium content. Method: This experimental research was carried out in Yogyakarta from June–December 2022. The objects of this research included local soybean tempeh and imported soybean tempeh. The independent variable of this research was the variation between local soybean tempeh and imported soybean tempeh, while the dependent variable was potassium content. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Independent T-test.Results: The Independent T-Test to analyze the difference in potassium content of local soybean tempeh flour and imported soybean tempeh flour showed a p-value=0.000 (p<0.05), the mean difference between the two groups showed a result of 106.45.Conclusion: The potassium content in local soybean tempeh flour is 106.45 mg/100 g significantly higher than the potassium content in imported soybean tempeh flour.
Nanopartículas de subsalicilato de bismuto por ablación láser: efecto contra bacterias asociadas a infecciones nosocomiales
Authors: Reyes-Carmona Lorena , Prado-Prone Gina , Camps Enrique , Almaguer-Flores Argelia
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de nanopartículas de subsalicilato de bismuto (NPs-SSBi) en contra de cuatro bacterias frecuentemente asociadas con infecciones nosocomiales. Métodos: las NPs-SSBi fueron obtenidas en suspensión coloidal por ablación láser de sólidos en líquidos (ALSL). El tamaño, composición y estabilidad de las NPs en suspensión se analizó por microscopía electrónica de transmisión y espectroscopía ultravioleta-visible. El crecimiento planctónico y la formación de biopelícula de dos bacterias Gram-positivas, S. aureus y S. epidermidis, y dos Gram-negativas, E. coli y P. aeruginosa, después de ser expuestas a diferentes concentraciones de NPs-SSBi (1.25 a 90 μg/mL), se evaluó por ensayos de turbidez y XTT, respectivamente. Resultados: se obtuvieron NPs-SSBi cristalinas de forma cuasi-esférica, con un tamaño de 4.5 ± 0.14 nm, las cuales permanecen estables en suspensión coloidal por al menos 21 días. Las NPs-SSBi inhibieron el crecimiento de las cuatro bacterias, el crecimiento planctónico se redujo ≈80-92% a concentraciones por arriba de 40 μL/mL, y la formación de biopelícula ≈73-89% a concentraciones de 80 y 90 μL/mL. Conclusiones: las NPs-SSBi obtenidas por ALSL inhibieron el crecimiento de cuatro importantes bacterias nosocomiales, por lo cual podrían ser utilizadas para el control de infecciones asociadas con la atención a la salud.
An Overview of Handwritten Text Recognition Using Generative AI: Cutting-Edge Approaches, Key Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: R P Roshan
Published: September 2024

Recognizing handwritten text involves several stages, including data collection, data preparation, feature extraction, and categorization. It is essential for tasks like document processing, robotic automation, and historical document analysis, given the challenges of variations in size and shape. The survey focuses on enhancing the model's capabilities through data augmentation. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of recognizing handwritten numbers, presenting relevant work and emphasizing the use of various methods such as neural networks, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classifying handwritten numbers. The main goal of this research is to develop a technique using image processing methods to detect handwritten text within an image, addressing research gaps, challenges, and prospects in the field of text recognition.
Mitigating controller noise in quantum gates using optimal control theory
Authors: Aroch Aviv , Kosloff Ronnie , Kallush Shimshon
Published: September 2024

All quantum systems are subject to noise from the environment or external controls. This noise is a major obstacle to the realization of quantum technology. For example, noise limits the fidelity of quantum gates. Employing optimal control theory, we study the generation of quantum single and two-qubit gates. Specifically, we explore a Markovian model of phase and amplitude noise, leading to the degradation of the gate fidelity. We show that optimal control with such noise models generates control solutions to mitigate the loss of gate fidelity. The problem is formulated in Liouville space employing an extremely accurate numerical solver and the Krotov algorithm for solving the optimal control equations.
Design, powder metallurgy, sintering, and softwares for extremely hard multicomponent metal alloys
Authors:   , Nonato Raphael Basilio Pires
Published: September 2024

Extremely hard multi-component metal alloys (EHMMAs) are required mainly when wear resistance is the most important requirement in a product. In view of this, researchers established some technical parameters to predict the stability of the resulting EHMMA and facilitate the design process of this alloy. Among the existing parameters, twenty-two were selected in this research to theoretically intend to ensure that EHMMA forms a stable solid solution. Associated with some of these parameters, there are five criteria from which the stability of the alloy is evaluated. Aiming to predict, streamline and facilitate the EHMMA design process, concomitantly with the calculation of the parameters involved and the availability of the status of the associated criteria, three softwares (PComp, DIAMOY 2.0, and SINT) were coded in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0® and transformed into Windows® applications. The first one developed, the PComp, provides the minimum load necessary to compact the alloy powder, outlining, streamlining and trying to guarantee less porosity in the compacted for later sintering. The second software, DIAMOY 2.0, addresses the mass of each chemical element to compose the required EHMMA mass, in addition to calculating the values of twenty parameters and five associated criteria, and whether each established criterion is met. Depending on the results, this software can avoid laboratory experiments with alloys that would not present the possibility of constituting stable solid solutions associated to high hardnesses. The scheme of the experimental part of this thesis is translated into a flowchart of the process, in which nine different alloys are studied in terms of their obtainment, hardness, chemical composition, densification, and microstructure. As part of the results, the alloys are subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron (BSE), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hardnesses up to 1054.96 Vickers were obtained. The maximum densification reached 98.54% of the theoretical. The results from DIAMOY 2.0 were validated by comparing two EHMMAs with a maximum relative error of 1.923% for one EHMMA and 3.183% for the other EHMMA. The third software, SINT, was developed to evaluate the densification of metal alloys and was applied to L4 alloy. Therefore, the main contributions of this research to the design of EHMMAs refer to: (a) gathering of parameters and criteria not yet used for the design of EHMMAs in a single computational tool, facilitating the evaluation of the design process; (b) establishing an EHMMA design framework; (c) creation of computational tools for powder compaction, EHMMA design and sintering for Windows® platform; (d) creation of metallic alloys not yet reported; (e) carrying out experiments with some alloys that have a predicted potential to form stable solid solutions with high hardness; (f) establishing a baseline for future improvements.
Avaliação sensorial ergonômica e a aceitabilidade do consumidor de um calçado de moda conceitual
Authors: Dantas Ítalo José de Medeiros , Souza Lívia Juliana Silva Solino de , Santos Jeferson Rodrigo Silva , Silva Vanda Da Conceição , Araújo Rafaela Patrícia de
Published: September 2024

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica conduzida entre 2018 e 2019 no âmbito de uma graduação tecnológica em Design de Moda. Objetivou-se avaliar sensorialmente um sapato desenvolvido com base na teoria da moda conceitual unido aos princípios da ergonomia e do projeto universal de produtos. Para identificar a aceitação do sapato e avaliar seus aspectos ergonômicos, foi realizada uma análise sensorial com 62 potenciais consumidores, onde estes eram estimulados a provar o calçado, andar com ele e depois responder a um questionário onde fariam uma classificação do conforto, segurança, dos aspectos estéticos e da relação da forma do produto com a temática geradora escolhida pelos designers usando uma escala Likert de 5 pontos. Quanto aos resultados, identificou-se uma aprovação máxima pelo público para todas as dimensões questionadas, tanto ergonômicos, quanto estéticos-simbólicos, sugerindo a noção de que é possível trazer um produto que se enquadre dentro da noção conceitual com os ergonômicos.
Projeto remoto de um website para apoiar o trabalho colaborativo no resgate e adoção de animais
Authors: Melo Priscila Cristiane Bandeira de , Silva Bruno Santana da
Published: September 2024

Animais em situações de abandono oferecem risco à saúde pública. Esse risco pode diminuir com o resgate e a adoção desses animais. Como o processo de resgate adoção de animais envolve muitas pessoas, artefatos e informações, faz-se necessário um suporte adequado. Este trabalho relata o projeto remoto de um artefato digital para apoiar o resgate e adoção de animais. Tomou-se como ponto de partida as funcionalidades enunciadas por (MELO; SILVA, 2021), cujo diferencial em relação aos trabalhos anteriores se dá principalmente por abordar o resgate, o cuidado temporário e o transporte de animais. A metodologia utilizada foi o Duplo Diamante para desenvolver a estrutura da interface, um protótipo de média fidelidade e algumas telas em alta fidelidade. Exemplificamos como a usabilidade, a legibilidade e a consistência visual foram consideradas na elaboração de alternativas de solução ao longo da iteração do processo de design. O protótipo de média fidelidade foi avaliado com a participação de 9 potenciais usuárias, com um método baseado no System Usability Scale (SUS) e em grupo focal. A usabilidade foi considerada ótima (94 pontos de média no SUS) e algumas melhorias foram sugeridas. Por fim, discutimos sobre esta experiência de trabalho remoto nesta prática do Design.
Lista de verificação ergonômica para as bibliotecas
Authors: Santos Ana Beatriz Gomes de Souza , Alves Rosiane Pereira , Santos Luanna Correia dos
Published: September 2024

As atividades laborais, como a de bibliotecários, quando realizadas inadequadamente ou em locais inapropriados podem afetar a saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Assim, ferramentas para avaliação da atividade e do local de trabalho podem ser úteis para identificar os aspectos que podem ser melhorados. Este artigo tem por objetivo propor uma lista de verificação ergonômica para as bibliotecas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Foi realizado um estudo descritivo quali-quantitativo, com a aplicação de um questionário on-line elaborado com a ferramenta Google Forms, aos servidores das bibliotecas da UFPE, no período de agosto a novembro de 2020. Participaram 28 servidores de 12 bibliotecas da universidade. Os resultados revelaram dificuldades na infraestrutura das bibliotecas e no uso de equipamentos defeituosos e ultrapassados, principalmente, além de desconfortos físicos decorrentes das atividades. A lista de verificação proposta foi baseada nesses resultados e na necessidade avaliação presencial das condições ergonômicas dos locais de trabalho das bibliotecas da UFPE.  Espera-se que a aplicação dessa lista norteie e facilite a avaliação ergonômica nesses locais específicos.
Consequências de quedas durante uso de cadeiras de rodas
Authors: Oliveira Paula Conceição Rocha , Medola Fausto Orsi , Baleotti Luciana Ramos , Paschoarelli Luis Carlos
Published: September 2024

Quedas durante o uso de cadeiras de rodas (CR) são problemas frequentes que podem ter consequências potencialmente graves aos usuários. O presente estudo objetiva levantar e discutir sobre a extensão das consequências de uma queda na visão do usuário e o design de sua CR, considerando lesões físicas e prejuízos psicossociais. Para tanto, aplicou-se um questionário a partir de referencial teórico de estudos nesta temática, a uma amostra de participantes composta de 52 usuários de CR, adultos jovens (21-64 anos), os quais as utilizam como principal meio de mobilidade. Os resultados indicaram que o impacto de uma queda é maior no âmbito psicossocial e que fatores como gênero e idade podem influenciar na dimensão dessas consequências. Também se observou que itens de segurança tem pouca adesão, bem como baixa influência nas consequências das quedas; e a inadequação ou falha da CR motorizada foi a atribuição mais relatada pelo usuário como fator da queda. Todos esses aspectos deveriam ser considerados durante o Design de CR.
Modelo de design participativo na construção de interfaces nos serviços públicos digitais
Authors: Lobato Fernanda Hoffmann , Da Silva Tânia Luisa Koltermann
Published: September 2024

O uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) tem implicações sociais importantes como reduzir as desigualdades e ampliar as possibilidades de diálogo, aprendizado, e participação dos indivíduos. No entanto, no Brasil, o desenvolvimento de serviços públicos digitais parece não levar em conta as características e necessidades dos indivíduos. A inadequação da oferta de serviços públicos digitais recai, sobretudo, nas camadas mais vulneráveis da população. A pesquisa aqui apresentada propõe um modelo de design participativo para a construção de interfaces gráficas de serviços públicos digitais a partir da experiência do usuário e de seu letramento digital. O sujeito desta pesquisa são mulheres, mães, cujos filhos frequentem a escola pública. As experiências dessas mulheres foram mapeadas com o uso de sondas culturais e, a partir dos achados nessas sondas, foi realizada uma oficina de co-design com as usuárias, que desenvolveram um protótipo de papel de um serviço de marcação de consulta médica para postos de saúde. A experiência também se mostrou um evento de letramento, na medida que as usuárias apresentaram, ao longo do processo, adquirir uma melhor percepção em relação ao seu letramento digital.
Desafios psicossociais enfrentados por docentes durante o home office na pandemia
Authors: Carvalho Davi Augusto Domingos de , Azevedo Vinícius Francis Braga de , Vasconcelos Bianca M.
Published: September 2024

A pandemia do COVID-19 levou muitos profissionais a adotar o trabalho remoto, o que gerou mudanças significativas em suas vidas sociais e afetou sua saúde física e mental. No âmbito acadêmico, os profissionais também enfrentaram desafios ao se adaptarem ao trabalho remoto. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os impactos do trabalho remoto na saúde e bem-estar dos profissionais de uma instituição de ensino superior. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, aplicou-se um formulário virtual e analisaram-se os dados obtidos. Cerca de 52% dos participantes relataram dificuldades com o isolamento social, enquanto 50% tiveram dificuldades em equilibrar a vida pessoal e profissional. Essas demandas resultaram em fadiga e tensão mental, principalmente causadas pela ansiedade e estresse, prejudicando a saúde dos trabalhadores remotos. O trabalho remoto mostrou-se altamente desafiador, especialmente quando implementado abruptamente, sem experiência ou treinamento prévio. Compreender o impacto da pandemia no futuro do trabalho pode guiar o desenvolvimento de modelos sustentáveis e eficazes pós-pandemia. Medidas como apoio psicológico, comunicação clara, horários flexíveis e infraestrutura aprimorada podem contribuir para um ambiente de trabalho remoto mais saudável e produtivo.
Desenvolvimento de conceito de aplicativo de aluguel de bicicletas para a Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Ufam)
Authors: Bruno Brazão Kaina , De Oliveira Rodrigues Emanuelle , Ferreira de Andrade Bruna Raphaela , Barbosa Ruschival Claudete
Published: September 2024

Devido ao grande tempo perdido nos congestionamentos, à sobrecarga nos transportes públicos coletivos e aos impactos ambientais causados pelo intenso uso de veículos motorizados nos diversos espaços urbanos, torna-se cada vez mais frequente a adoção de meios alternativos de transporte. Desta forma, por meio da aplicação da abordagem metodológica do Diamante Duplo, oriunda do Design Thinking, este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar o conceito de um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis, direcionado ao aluguel de bicicletas para a Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Ufam). Como resultado, desenvolveu-se um protótipo de média fidelidade das telas relacionadas a uma das tarefas possíveis de serem realizadas com o aplicativo. Assim, a contribuição deste estudo consiste em reforçar a importância da pesquisa com usuários em projetos de UX Design, de forma que todas as decisões tomadas pelas equipes de projeto sejam baseadas nas necessidades demonstradas por esses usuários.
Design, Ergonomia e Impressão 3D: dispositivo de tecnologia assistiva para usuária com artrite reumatoide
Authors: Rosa Carolina Schütz , Paulo Irandir Izaquiel , Costa Diogo Pontes , Merino Giselle Schmidt Alves Díaz , Merino Eugenio Andrés Díaz
Published: September 2024

As atividades terapêuticas ocupacionais possibilitam a reabilitação psicossocial de pessoas com Artrite Reumatoide (AR), mediante atividades sociais, de lazer e artesanais, como a Tapeçaria. Uma vez que, a AR acomete dores, inchaço e destruição das articulações, inserir Tecnologias Assistivas (TA) pode mitigar tais problemas. Nesse contexto, uma forma de agilizar e baratear o desenvolvimento da TA, é utilizando a Impressão Tridimensional (3D). Face a isso, esse artigo visa desenvolver um Dispositivo de Tecnologia Assistiva por meio da impressão 3D para usuária com Artrite Reumatoide utilizar na Tapeçaria. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases, uma teórica, na qual foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico sobre os principais temas e, uma aplicada, que envolveu o desenvolvimento do dispositivo. A fase aplicada adotou o Guia de Orientação para o Desenvolvimento de Projetos (GODP) e seus procedimentos. Como resultados foi verificado que o Dispositivo de Tecnologia Assistiva, desenvolvido em 3D pode possibilitar melhorias às pessoas com AR, minimizando os problemas físicos advindos dos movimentos repetitivos exigidos na Tapeçaria, bem como, colaborar com a inclusão dessas pessoas.
Demand Uncertainty and Tax-Motivated Outbound Income Shifting
Authors: Deng Zero , Steele Logan B. , Teng Haimeng
Published: September 2024

We examine how uncertainty affects U.S. multinational firms’ outbound income shifting. Based on the Joint Committee on Taxation (2010) Report, we contend that tax savings from income shifting are closely tied to sales and therefore expect that demand uncertainty is a relevant factor driving the association between uncertainty and income shifting. We find that both worldwide and regional demand uncertainties constrain outbound income shifting, and the impact of demand uncertainty is greater when the cost of modifying income-shifting structures is likely to be higher. We split common proxies for uncertainty into demand and profit margin components and find that only demand uncertainty is reliably negatively associated with outbound income shifting. Our study extends prior work linking uncertainty to investment in tax planning by linking the nature of an important set of tax minimization strategies—income shifting—to the relevant uncertainty construct and sheds light on the “undersheltering puzzle.”

Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the paper.

JEL Classifications: D81; E22; H26; M40.
Diagnostic performance of ClinCheck, Dolphin Imaging, and 3D Slicer software for Bolton discrepancy analysis
Authors: Teixeira Santana Thalita , Copello Flávio , Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , Issamu Nojima Lincoln , Franzotti Sant’Anna Eduardo
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ClinCheck, Dolphin Imaging orthodontic software, and 3D Slicer for the analysis of Bolton discrepancy (BD).

Materials and Methods

Fifty-five pairs of early-stage digital models of patients treated with Invisalign were printed to measure the BD by manual method with a digital caliper (gold standard). The discrepancy values calculated by ClinCheck were obtained. In addition, the sample STL files were measured using Dolphin Imaging and 3D Slicer software to obtain BD values. To assess reliability, precision, and accuracy of the methods, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Dahlberg’s formula, paired t-tests, and the Bland-Altman method were used, respectively. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to assess the difference between groups.

Results

The three methods showed reliable measurements (ICC ≥ 0.7), with the values of anterior Bolton slightly higher than overall Bolton. Measurements for the anterior Bolton showed higher precision (Dahlberg’s formula 0.65, 0.70, and 0.55) than those for the overall Bolton. For anterior Bolton, only the measurements obtained by ClinCheck and Dolphin Imaging were accurate (P > .05, no proportion bias), while for overall Bolton, all groups had a significant difference. The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated no consistency for anterior Bolton measurements when 3D Slicer was used and for the overall Bolton.

Conclusions

ClinCheck and Dolphin Imaging showed accuracy to quantify anterior BD. For the overall Bolton measurements, ClinCheck showed a statistical difference from the manual assessment but without relevant clinical significance.
Podocyte-Specific Expression of the Stress Response Protein REDD1 Is Necessary for Diabetes-Induced Podocytopenia
Authors: Sunilkumar Siddharth , Yerlikaya Esma I. , Toro Allyson L. , Chen Han , Zhou Yandong , Gill Donald L. , Kimball Scot R. , Dennis Michael D.
Published: September 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and effective treatment modalities that fully address its molecular etiology are lacking. Prior studies support that the stress response protein REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) contributes to the development of diabetes complications. This study investigated a potential role for REDD1 expression in podocytes in diabetes-induced podocyte loss and compromised glomerular filtration. Podocyte-specific REDD1 deletion protected against renal injury, as evidenced by reduced albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and mesangial matrix deposition in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Podocyte-specific REDD1 expression was required for diabetes-induced reduction in slit diaphragm (SD) proteins podocin and nephrin. Notably, podocyte-specific REDD1 deletion protected against podocytopenia and preserved glomerular basement membrane and foot process architecture in diabetic mice. In the kidneys of diabetic mice and in human podocyte cultures exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, REDD1 was necessary for increased expression of the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel. More specifically, REDD1 promoted nuclear factor-κB–dependent transcription of TRPC6, intracellular calcium entry, and cytoskeletal remodeling under hyperglycemic conditions. Overall, the findings provide new insight into the role of podocyte-specific REDD1 expression in renal pathology and support the possibility that therapeutics targeting REDD1 in podocytes could be beneficial for DN.

Article Highlights

Diabetes-induced albuminuria and reduced glomerular slit diaphragm proteins were associated with increased kidney REDD1 protein abundance. Podocyte-specific deletion of REDD1 attenuated diabetes-induced slit diaphragm protein reduction and podocyte loss. REDD1 was required for nuclear factor-κB–dependent TRPC6 expression and increased cytoplasmic calcium levels in podocytes. Podocyte-specific expression of REDD1 was necessary for altered glomerular architecture and albuminuria in diabetic mice.
Safe to save blood in ovarian cancer surgery – time to change transfusion habits
Authors: Norbeck Anna , Bengtsson Jesper , Malander Susanne , Asp Mihaela , Kannisto Päivi
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) undergoing surgery are often subjected to red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Both anemia and RBC transfusion are associated with increased morbidity. The aim was to evaluate patient recovery after the implementation of patient blood management (PBM) strategies.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 354 patients with AOC undergoing surgery at Skane University Hospital Lund, Sweden, between January 2016 and December 2021. The gradual implementation of PBM strategies included restrictive RBC transfusion, tranexamic acid as standard medication before laparotomies and intravenous iron administered to patients with iron deficiency. Severe complications were defined as Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade ≥ 3a. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the differences between three consecutive periods.
Results: After the implementation of new strategies, 52% of the patients had at least one transfusion compared to 83% at baseline (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the rate of severe complications (CD ≥ 3a) between the groups, adjusted odds ratio 0.55 (95% CI 0.26–1.17). The mean difference in hemoglobin before chemotherapy was -1.32 g/L (95% CI -3.04 to -0.22) when adjusted for blood loss and days from surgery to chemotherapy. The length of stay (LOS) decreased from 8.5 days to 7.5 days (p 0.002).
Interpretation: The number of patients transfused were reduced by 31%. Despite a slight increase in anemia rate, severe complications (CD ≥ 3a) remained stable. The LOS was reduced, and chemotherapy was given without delay, indicating that PBM is feasible and without causing major severe effects on short-term recovery.
Screening of Aspergillus Niger for Lipase Production
Authors: Fradi Ahmed Jassim
Published: September 2024

The current study was intended to identify Aspergillus niger isolated from different sources oil, peanut (pistachios, ground nut, walnuts, almonds and cashew), dried milk and factory waste water. Traditional methods were used to investigate the ability of Aspergillus niger for lipase production using T80 and T80 with phenol red agar and calculate Aspergillus niger efficiency in this enzyme production. The results revealed that all isolates were able to produce lipase, and the efficiency of lipase production ranged between (0.90-2.21) mm. A50 isolate showed the highest efficiency in lipase production, which was isolated from factory waste water factory.
Features of using documentary forms of international settlement in Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Motorniuk Uliana , Hrynyshyn Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kostyshyn Solomiya ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2024

The peculiarities of the use of documentary forms of international settlements by economic entities of Ukraine are analyzed, in particular, advantages and disadvantages, requirements for the use of documentary forms of international settlements, as well as the main directions of innovative approaches to improving their application. The prospects for the development of documentary forms of international settlements in Ukraine are outlined. The stages of decision-making regarding the use of a documentary letter of credit in the implementation of an export operation have been developed. This article analyzed the use of documentary forms of international settlements in Ukraine, which is an important and necessary factor in ensuring the effective and safe implementation of foreign economic activity, especially in conditions of increased volatility of the international environment. The advantage of documentary forms of international settlements is that they provide a high level of protection of the interests of the parties to the agreement. They allow you to avoid risks associated with non-payment of goods delivery, unreliable information about the condition and quality of goods, possible changes in prices or exchange rates and other potential problems. The use of documentary forms of international settlements also ensures trust between the parties by monitoring compliance with the terms of the agreement. However, using a documentary form of settlement can also be a complex and sometimes inconvenient process, as it requires some interaction with paper and compliance with certain procedures. In addition, this form of payment can be expensive due to commissions and other costs associated with banking transactions. Ukraine, as a state with a high level of involvement in international economic relations, actively uses documentary forms for international settlements. This is confirmed by the large number of banks offering this service and the growth of foreign trade volumes. Thus, the use of documentary forms of international settlements in Ukraine is beneficial and necessary to ensure the safety and efficiency of foreign economic transactions. However, it requires some discipline and additional costs. In general, the issue of the use of documentary forms of international settlements in Ukraine requires attention and resolution by improving the legal framework, passing certification courses, improving the qualifications of specialists, and increasing the number of banks that provide services for the use of documentary forms of international settlements. This will help ensure the safety and efficiency of foreign economic activity of Ukrainian companies.
Business scaling: International expansion strategies
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ruda Mariana , Melnyk Olga ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Sohan Valery-Raisa ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2024

In a globalized world, international expansion has become much more accessible. But despite this, entering new markets is still a difficult marathon that requires clear planning and careful preparation. In most cases, system expansion can take years or even longer, depending on the specifics of the product and the chosen method of market penetration. Ensuring sustainable growth and scaling is one of the most prominent business trends of recent years. The following reasons are obvious: the COVID-19 pandemic, military conflicts and economic upheavals can quickly change the conditions and rules of the market. In such an unstable environment, the priority is not the depth of potential, but the resistance of the enterprise to changes and flexibility, which creates the possibility of effective response to challenges, without the loss of employees and resources. The article formulates the essence of the concept of “business scaling”, defines the differences from the concept of “business growth”. The terms “growth” and “scaling” are often used interchangeably. Although they are related, they have significant differences. Growth means increasing revenue at the same rate as the business adds resources (new team members, technology, capital, etc.). On the other hand, scaling occurs when an organization identifies ways to grow more efficiently, resulting in revenue growth at a significantly higher rate than the increase in resources and costs, which is also characteristic of a startup. Speaking about the relevance of the research topic, it was determined the most common mistakes that international companies often make during the scaling process. They consist of: too rapid expansion; prioritizing short-term goals over long-term goals; loss of attention (focus); predominance of quantity over quality; malfunctions of processes and systems to increase efficiency; lack of flexibility. Avoiding mistakes and achieving efficiency in business scaling processes involves building and implementing a strategy that can be adjusted and adapted to changes in macro- and microenvironmental factors as needed. Companies that scale successfully take into account how the scaling process affects all areas of the organization’s functioning. Key aspects of the business scaling process in the context of international expansion typically include: goals of the company, number of team members and internal business processes. In this article the main possibilities of building a system business that works effectively and generates profit in the conditions of the global market are substantiated. Basic approaches to scaling and strategies for international expansion are outlined. Based on the results of the study, the main risks caused by business scaling were identified, and measures to mitigate them were proposed.