bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Analysis of Clustering in Aqueous Alcohol Solutions
Authors: Chechko V. E. , Gotsulskyi V. Ya.
Published: July 2018

The specific features of clustering in the aqueous solutions of monohydric alcohols with concentrations higher than that at the peculiar point are discussed. Clustering is a result of the formation of hydrogen bonds between water and alcohol molecules, the energy of which some-what exceeds the energy of hydrogen bonds in the water-water and alcohol-alcohol molecular pairs. Elementary clusters are assumed to be formed, whose composition is fixed at the solution concentrations lower than that at the peculiar point and changes according to a certain law at higher concentrations. The solution clustering degree was determined as a function of the solution concentration and the temperature.
Theoretical Model for Negative Differential Conductance in 2D Semiconductor Monolayers
Authors: Lytovchenko V. G. , Kurchak A. I. , Strikha M. V.
Published: July 2018

A simple theoretical model of electron heating in a system with two valleys is applied for the first time to describe 2D semiconductor monolayers of the MoS2 and WS2 types. The model is demonstrated to describe sufficiently well the available experimental data on the negative differential conductance effect in a WS2 monolayer. It confirms a possibility to fabricate Gunn diodes of a new generation based on the structures concerned. Such diodes are capable of generating frequencies of an order of 10 GHz and higher, which makes them attractive for many practical applications.
External-Electric-Field-Enhanced Uniformity and Deposition Rate of a TiO2 Film Prepared by the Sparking Process
Authors: Thongpan W. , Kumpika T. , Kantarak E. , Panthawan A. , Pooseekheaw P. , Singjai P. , Tuantranont A. , Thongsuwan W.
Published: July 2018

We have used an external electric field to increase both the uniformity and deposition rate of TiO2 films. The experiment is carried out by sparking-off titanium wires with a high dc voltage of 1 kV (field Eint = 10 kV/cm) and a limited current of 3 mA. The external electric fields (Eext) of 3, 6, and 9 kV/cm were applied to the sparking system for 1–5 hours. The as-deposited film morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results clearly show that the films are only deposited on the external electric field area. Furthermore, the deposition rate of the films increased from 40.7% to 77.8% in the presence of the external electric field of 9 kV/cm. The effects of an external electric field on both the deposition rate and uniformity of films are investigated and described.
Probing Brønsted Acidity of Protonic Zeolites with Variable-Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Areán C. O.
Published: July 2018

Most industrial applications of zeolites as solid-acid catalysts rely on their high Brønsted acidity, which affects both catalytic activity and selectivity, and hence the convenience to find an accurate experimental technique for measuring the acid strength. The enthalpy change, ΔH0, involved in the hydrogen bonding interaction between a weak base (such as carbon monoxide) and the Brønsted acid [Si(OH)Al] hydroxyl groups should correlate directly with the zeolite acid strength. However, on account of simplicity, the bathochromic shift of the O–H stretching frequency, Δv(OH), is usually measured by IR spectroscopy at a (fixed) low temperature in-stead of ΔH0 and correlated with the acid strength for ranking the zeolite acidity. Herein, the use of variable-temperature IR spectroscopy to determine simultaneously ΔH0 and Δv(OH) is demonstrated, followed by a review of recent experimental results showing that the practice of ranking the acid strength by the corresponding O–H frequency shift probed by a weak base could be misleading; and that can be so much the case of zeolites showing a wide range of structure types.
Mixed ZnSxSe1–x Crystals as a Possible Material for Alpha-Particle and X-ray Detectors
Authors: Trubaieva O. G. , Chaika M. A. , Zelenskaya O. V.
Published: July 2018

A possibility to use ZnSxSe1−x as a material for the detection of X-rays and alpha particles has been studied. The influence of the sulfur content on the properties of bulk ZnSxSe1−x crystals is analyzed. Six specimens with different component contents were grown, by using the Bridgman–Stockbarger method: ZnS0.07Se0.93, ZnS0.15Se0.85, ZnS0.22Se0.78, ZnS0.28Se0.72, ZnS0.32Se0.68, and ZnS0.39Se0.61. The intensity of X-ray luminescence spectra of ZnSxSe1−x crystals is found to increase with the sulfur content and reaches a maximum for the composition ZnS0.22Se0.78. The luminescence light yield of mixed ZnSxSe1−x crystals is higher than that of commercial ZnSe(Te) and ZnSe(Al) crystals. The advantages of mixed crystals based onZnSxSe1−x over the ZnS(Te) and ZnSe(Al) crystals have been discussed.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of Ba2+ Substituted Lead-Barium-Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Bardapurkar P. P. , Shewale S. S. , Arote S. A. , Barde N. P.
Published: July 2018

Owing to a wide range of applications, ferroelectric ceramics have remained the center of attention of researchers over a large period. With this perception, the present article reports the effects of the substitution of Ba2+ in lead titanate (PT) on its structural and electrical properties. X-ray diffractometry was employed for the phase confirmation and to reveal the crystallographic data. It authenticates the single-phase formation with a systematic decrease in the anisotropy. Typical X-ray diffraction data are refined, by using the Rietveld method. The substitution of Ba2+ in PT ceramics has caused a reduction in the ferroelectric Curie temperature and significant changes in dielectric properties.
The Spectra of X-ray and Photoluminescence of High-Resistance Crystals of ZnSe
Authors: Alizadeh M. , Degoda V. Ya.
Published: July 2018

The luminescence spectra of high-resistance ZnSe crystals consist of two main bands with maxima at 630 nm (1.92 eV) and 970 nm (1.28 eV). The planned comparison has been carried out between the spectra of X-ray luminescence and photoluminescence of ZnSe among themselves in the spectral region from 400 to 1200 nm at different excitation intensities and different temperatures (8, 85, 295, and 420 K). It is found that the forms of luminescence bands do not depend on the excitation intensities. The band form with a maximum at 970 nm also does not depend on the excitation type, and the band at 630 nm differs slightly under the X-ray and UV excitations. The temperature dependences of the spectral positions of bands’ maxima and their half-widths are analyzed. A conclusion is drawn that the 970-nm emission band is elementary. A short-wavelength shift of the spectral maximum of the 630-nm band with increasing the temperature makes it possible to conclude that this luminescence band is non-elementary. This correlates with the previously discovered feature of this band related to the realization of two recombination mechanisms (electron and hole) at this luminescent center.
Founders. Our Compatriots. Academician Viktor Grygorovych Baryakhtar (Curriculum Vitae)
Authors: Tan’shyna A.
Published: July 2018

Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Viktor Grygorovych Baryakhtar was one of the first students of Academician Alexander Ilyich Akhiezer. He has made his career from a junior researcher at the Kharkiv Physico-Technical Institute to the first Vice-President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Kharkiv Physico-Technical Institute is the basis of his scientific school, which was further developed in Donetsk and Kyiv. V.G. Baryakhtar is our countryman belonging to a cohort of famous scientists who embody a selfless service for the good of Ukraine.
Volodymyr Mykhailovych Mazur (to 75th anniversary of his birthday)
Authors: Gomonai G. M. , Shpenyk O. B. , Maslyuk V. T. , Zavilopulo A. M.
Published: July 2018

No abstract
Evaluation of P21Cip1 and P27Kip1 expression in de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Khadem Parinaz , Lashkari Sahar , Aghaeenezhad Hamideh , Gharehbaghian Ahmad , Khazaei Zaher , Farsani Mehdi Allahbakhshian
Published: July 2018

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) arises from an imbalanced proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors due to special chromosomal and epigenetic abnormalities affecting cell cycle regulation. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) family has crucial functions in G1 progression and G1 to S entry regulation. Among CDKIs, P21 and P27 are able to exert remarkable effects on all CDKs. Hence, we investigated the expression levels of P21 and P27 in ALL patients to determine whether or not their expression had been altered.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, we evaluated P21 and P27 expression in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of 52 newly diagnosed ALL patients (30 males, 22 females) and 13 healthy normal controls (5 males, 8 females) using quantitative real-time PCR. Data were analyzed via SPSS (version 16) software and P<0.05 was assigned as the statistical significance level.
Results: Our findings demonstrated lower expression levels of P21 and P27 in ALL patients compared with normal controls (8.33- and 1.69-fold change, respectively). P21 and P27 expression was significantly different between T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients (P= 0.03).
Conclusion: Since P21 and P27 are able to influence the activity of both cyclins and CDKs, it is postulated that decreased expression of these genes reduces P21- and P27- mediated suppressive effects on cyclins and CDKs. Therefore, these events facilitate the activation of cyclins and CDKs which may result in cancer progression in ALL patients.
Effects of fenugreek seed powder on enteral nutrition tolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kooshki Akram , Khazaei Zaher , Zarghi Azam , Rad Mojtaba , Mohammadi Hadi Gholam , Tabaraie Yaser
Published: July 2018

Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) intolerance is a common complication in critically ill patients that contributes to morbidity and mortality. Based on the evidence of curing effects of fenugreek seeds in some gastrointestinal disorders, this study aimed to determine the effects of fenugreek seed powder on enteral nutrition tolerance and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.
Materials & Methods: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial of 5-day duration was conducted on 60 mechanically ventilated patients divided in 2 groups (n=30). Group 1 was given fenugreek seed powder by gavage, twice a day in addition to routine care, while Group 2 received only routine care. Enteral nutrition tolerance and clinical outcomes were measured throughout the study. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and clinical responses to the primary outcome (enteral nutrition tolerance) and secondary outcome (other clinical factors) were interpreted. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Chi-squared test, covariance analysis, and repeated measure ANOVA via SPSS statistical software (v. 20); statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.
Results: Patients who were fed with the fenugreek seed powder showed a significant improvement in enteral nutrition tolerance, as well as some complications of mechanical ventilation for Group 1, as compared with Group 2. The mortality rates were not different between the two groups.
Conclusion: This study shows the beneficial effects of fenugreek seeds on food intolerance in critically ill patients and that the seed powder can be used as an add-on therapy with other medications. Thus, the use of fenugreek seeds to treat mechanically ventilated patients is recommended.
Blood Pressure Thresholds and Mortality in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Suttipongkaset Pratthana , Chaikittisilpa Nophanan , Vavilala Monica S. , Lele Abhijit V. , Watanitanon Arraya , Chandee Theerada , Krishnamoorthy Vijay
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:

Hypotension after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with poor outcomes, but definitions of low systolic blood pressure (SBP) vary. Age- and sex-specific, percentile-based definitions of hypotension may help to better identify children at risk for poor outcomes compared with traditional thresholds recommended in pediatric trauma care.

METHODS:

Using the National Trauma Data Bank between 2007 and 2014, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with isolated severe TBI. We classified admission SBP into 5 percentile categories according to population-based values: (1) SBP less than the fifth percentile, (2) SBP in the fifth to 24th percentile, (3) SBP in the 25th to 74th percentile, (4) SBP in the 75th to 94th percentile, and (5) SBP ≥95th percentile. These definitions were compared with the American College of Surgeons (ACS) hypotension definition. The association between SBP percentiles and in-hospital mortality was analyzed by using multivariable Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:

There were 10 473 children with severe TBI included in this study. There were 2388 (22.8%) patients who died while in the hospital. Compared with SBP in the 75th to 94th percentile, mortality was higher with SBP less than the fifth percentile (relative risk [RR] 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–3.6), SBP in the fifth to 24th percentile (RR 2.3; 95% CI 2.0–2.7), and SBP in the 25th to 74th percentile (RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2–1.6). An increased risk of mortality with SBP <75th percentile was present across all age subgroups. SBP targets using the ACS hypotension definition were higher than the fifth percentile hypotension definition, but were lower than the 75th percentile hypotension definition.

CONCLUSIONS:

Admission SBP <75th percentile was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality after isolated severe TBI in children. SBP targets based on the 75th percentile were higher compared with traditional ACS targets. Percentile-based SBP targets should be considered in defining hypotension in pediatric TBI.
ScottyActivity: Mixed Discrete-Continuous Planning with Convex Optimization
Authors: Fernandez-Gonzalez Enrique , Williams Brian , Karpas Erez
Published: July 2018

The state of the art practice in robotics planning is to script behaviors manually, where each behavior is typically generated using trajectory optimization. However, in order for robots to be able to act robustly and adapt to novel situations, they need to plan these activity sequences autonomously. Since the conditions and effects of these behaviors are tightly coupled through time, state and control variables, many problems require that the tasks of activity planning and trajectory optimization are considered together. There are two key issues underlying effective hybrid activity and trajectory planning: the sufficiently accurate modeling of robot dynamics and the capability of planning over long horizons. Hybrid activity and trajectory planners that employ mixed integer programming within a discrete time formulation are able to accurately model complex dynamics for robot vehicles, but are often restricted to relatively short horizons. On the other hand, current hybrid activity planners that employ continuous time formulations can handle longer horizons but they only allow actions to have continuous effects with constant rate of change, and restrict the allowed state constraints to linear inequalities. This is insufficient for many robotic applications and it greatly limits the expressivity of the problems that these approaches can solve. In this work we present the ScottyActivity planner, that is able to generate practical hybrid activity and motion plans over long horizons by employing recent methods in convex optimization combined with methods for planning with relaxed plan graphs and heuristic forward search. Unlike other continuous time planners, ScottyActivity can solve a broad class of robotic planning problems by supporting convex quadratic constraints on state variables and control variables that are jointly constrained and that affect multiple state variables simultaneously. In order to support planning over long horizons, ScottyActivity does not resort to time, state or control variable discretization. While straightforward formulations of consistency checks are not convex and do not scale, we present an efficient convex formulation, in the form of a Second Order Cone Program (SOCP), that is very fast to solve. We also introduce several new realistic domains that demonstrate the capabilities and scalability of our approach, and their simplified linear versions, that we use to compare with other state of the art planners. This work demonstrates the power of integrating advanced convex optimization techniques with discrete search methods and paves the way for extensions dealing with non-convex disjoint constraints, such as obstacle avoidance.
A mechanistic approach to predict built-in temperature in concrete pavements
Authors: Sok Tetsya , Lee Seung Woo
Published: August 2018

The built-in temperature difference (BITD), defined as the temperature difference between the top and bottom of a slab at the final setting time, is an important parameter for analysing curling stress and slab deformation in concrete pavements. However, the available methods for estimating this parameter are very limited. A method to predict the BITD in a concrete pavement was therefore developed. To do this, a numerical model was developed to predict the temperature distribution in a concrete slab at early age using a transient one-dimensional finite-difference method. A mathematical equation for predicting concrete final setting time presented in the literature was used and incorporated in the numerical model to predict the BITD. The results of the numerical model showed good agreement with field data. Using the proposed model, the effects of climatic conditions, placement time, pavement thickness and concrete mix proportion on the BITD were also evaluated. The results showed that climatic conditions, placement time and concrete mix proportion have substantial effects on the BITD, whereas pavement thickness has only a slight effect. The proposed model can be used to predict the BITD in concrete slabs for given concrete mix design, placement time, pavement thickness and environmental conditions.
Diseño e implementación de una aplicación móvil android para el seguimiento de rutas de transporte urbano en el municipio de Yopal
Authors: Galindo Pérez Policarpo Malabar , Suárez Vargas Mónica Andrea
Published: July 2018

este documento presenta los resultados del desarrollo de una aplicación móvil Android para la visualización de las rutas de transporte urbano en la ciudad de Yopal, utilizando la ágil metodología XP que ofrece un marco adaptable a las condiciones del proyecto. El desarrollo de la aplicación se ha realizado con el entorno de desarrollo de Android Studio, Google Maps para Android, Firebase para iniciar sesión con la cuenta de Google y la base de datos. La solicitud está dirigida a los usuarios de la ciudad de Yopal, departamento de Casanare, que toman el servicio de transporte urbano, para facilitar la información correspondiente a las rutas de los paseos en minibús.
EĞİM ANTRENMANLARININ SPRİNT KOŞU PARAMETRELERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Çetin EMEL
Published: July 2018

Koşu performansının geliştirilmesi üzerine yapılan birçok çalışma,
herhangi bir eğimin olmadığı yüzeylerde koşu sırasında alt ekstremite
kinematiğini anlamak üzerine kurulmuştur. Eğimli yüzeylerde yapılan sprint
çalışmalarının antrenman programlarına eklenmesi ile birlikte, adım
parametrelerinin koşunun her bir evresindeki katkıları daha iyi anlaşılmıştır.
Farklı eğim derecelerinin performansa olan etkisinin bilinmesi etkili ve pratik
bazı antrenman yöntemlerinin uygulanmasına olanak verecektir. Son zamanlarda
literatürde sıklıkla rastlanan bu yöntemlerin ve spor bilimleri alanındaki son
gelişmelerin ülkemizde yaygınlaşması, ülkemiz sporu açısından büyük önem
taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, farklı eğim antrenman
yöntemlerinin farklı koşu performansları üzerine etkilerini yazılı kaynaklarda
yer alan çalışma sonuçları ile özetlemek ve bu alanda çalışan araştırmacı, antrenör
ve sporculara kullanabilmesi için önerilerde bulunmaktır.
Evaluation of gestation length and birth weight of offspring of Polish native cattle breeds in context of estimating genetic parameters
Authors: Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska , Zbigniew Sobek , Jolanta Różańska-Zawieja
Published: July 2018

Research material included data on gestation length of 15 436 cows of Polish native breeds. These were: White Backed (BG; 324 records), Polish Red (RP; 5396 records), Polish Black and White (ZB; 3508 records), and Polish Red and White (ZR; 6208 records). The calvings took place in 2005–2009, and we analysed two calving seasons, lactation number, the degree of calving difficulty, sex, and body weight of newborn calves. The effect of birth year on gestation length and birth weight of offspring was statistically significant, whereas calving season had statistically highly significant effect on both. Gestation length in the analysed breeds was 281.02, 283.35, 280.5, 281.53 for BG, RP, ZB, and ZR, respectively. The birth body weight heritability was 0.13 (RP), 0.33 (ZB) and 0.40 (ZR).
Değişik Eğimlerde Yürüyüş Esnasında Enerji Harcaması: Yöntemsel Karşılaştırma
Authors: ESATBEYOĞLU Ferhat , HAZIR Tahir , COŞKUN Betül , KÖSE Mehmet Gören , ATABEY Ceren İşıl
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı eğimlerde sabit hızda yürüyüş esnasında
indirek kalorimetrik yöntem(İKY) ve giyilebilir teknoloji(SenseWear Armband
(SWA)) ile kestirilen enerji harcamasını 
(EH) değerlendirmektir. Araştırmaya düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmayan yaş
aralığı 25-51 olan 17 erkek ve kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların
EH koşu bandında rastgele sıra ile -%10, %0, %5 ve %10 eğimlerde, 4.5 km.h-1
sabit hızda, 10 dakika yürüyüş esnasında oksijen tüketimi (VO2) ve
karbondioksit üretimi (VCO2) bir gaz analizörü (Quark b2,
İtalya) ile ölçülerek belirlenmiştir. Eş zamanlı olarak SWA(F1) ile EH kayıt
edilmiştir. VO2’nin kalorik eşdeğeri hem analiz sisteminden (Quark b2(F2))
hem de Weir’in formülü (F3) ile belirlenmiştir. Farklı yöntem ve eğimlerin EH
üzerine etkisi 3x4(Yöntem x Eğim),  İKY
ve SWA’dan kestirilen MET cinsinden EH ise 2x4(Yöntem x Eğim) tekrarlı
ölçümlerde çift yönlü varyans analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Değişkenler arası
ilişkiler Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı ile belirlenmiştir. Farklı eğimlerde sabit hızda yürüyüş esnasında kcal cinsinden
EH’nın saptanmasında kullanılan formüller (F1,F2,F3) arasında yüksek ilişki
olmakla beraber (r=0.630;1.00), anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0.01). F1’den kestirilen
EH, F2 ve F3’den (p<0.01), F3’den ölçülen de F2’den yüksektir (p<0.01).
EH üzerine Yöntem x Eğim etkileşimi de anlamlıdır (p<0.01). Farklı eğimlerde
sabit hızda İKY ve SWA’dan kestirilen MET değerleri arasında da anlamlı fark
saptanmıştır (p<0.01). MET cinsinden EH üzerine Yöntem x Eğim etkileşimi de anlamlıdır
(p<0.01). İki yöntemden belirlenen MET değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki
saptanmamıştır (p>0.05). Bu çalışmanın bulguları farklı eğimlerde sabit
hızda yürüyüş esnasında kcal ve MET cinsinden EH’nın değerlendirilmesinde
kullanılan yöntemlerin birbirinin yerine kullanılamayacağını ve sabit hızda
yürüyüş esnasında EH’nın eğime bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermiştir.
Migren ve gerilim tipi baş ağrısı olan hastalarda psikosomatik tanı
Authors: SAYILGAN Nilüfer , GÜLEÇ Hüseyin , DOMAÇ Füsun Mayda
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, baş ağrısının en sık iki nedeni olan gerilim tipi baş ağrısı (GTB) ve migren tipi baş ağrısı (MTB) tanılı hastalarda psikiyatrik yükü Ruhsal hastalıkların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı (DSM) ve Psikosomatik Araştırmalar için Tanı Ölçütleri görüşmesi (DCPR) sınıflandırma sistemleriyle karşılaştırmak ve bu hastalara yaklaşımda katkı sağlayabilmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesine başvurup Uluslararası Başağrısı Bozukluklarının Sınıflandırması (International Classification of Headache Disorders) (ICHD-II)’ye göre GTB ve MTB tanısı konmuş, gönüllülük esasına göre bilgilendirilmiş onam formunu imzalayıp rızası alınmış 100 hasta örneklem grubunu oluşturarak dahil edildi. Hastalara Bilgilendirilmiş onam formu, Veri toplama formu, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) Ölçeği, yapılandırılmış DCPR görüşmesi uygulandı.  Bulgular: Çalışmamızda 100 baş ağrısı hastasına hem SCID hem de DCPR uygulandı. SCID görüşmesi sonrasında, MTB tanılı hastaların %35’inde, GTB tanılı hastalarının %42.5’unda psikiyatrik hastalık varlığı saptandı. SCID ile 38 hasta tanılandırılırken, DCPR ile 95 hasta tanılandırılmıştır. SCID ile tanı kon(a)mayan hastaların %93.5’ine (58 hastaya), SCID ile tanı konanların %97.4’üne (37 hastaya) DCPR ile tanı konmuştur. SCID ile tanı konabilmiş fakat DCPR ile tanı konamamış sadece 1 hasta (%2.6) bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Baş ağrılarında, DCPR sınıflandırma sistemi, DSM sınıflandırmasına göre daha fazla sayıda hastaya tanı koymaktadır.
Migren ve gerilim tipi baş ağrısı tanılı bireylerde psikiyatrik eştanı ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi: ön çalışma
Authors: SAYILGAN Nilüfer , DOMAÇ Füsun Mayda , GÜLEÇ Hüseyin
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı başağrısı olan hastalardaki psikiyatrik yüke de dikkat çekerek yaşam kalitesinin ve işlevselliğin nasıl etkilendiğini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Sağlık Bakanlığı Üniversitesi Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi Nöroloji Kliniği Baş ağrısı Özel Dal Polikliniği’ne Uluslararası Başağrısı Bozukluklarının Sınıflandırması (International Classification of Headache Disorders) ICHD-II’ye göre migren ve gerilim tipi baş ağrısı tanısı konmuş ardı sıra 100 hasta örneklem grubunu oluşturarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalara Veri Toplama Formu, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I Ölçeği) ve Short Form (Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği) (SF-36 ) uygulandı. Bulgular: Baş ağrısı hastalarının tümü değerlendirildiğinde %56’sında fiziksel hastalık, %94’ünde, özgeçmişinde psikiyatrik hastalık, %73’ünde ailede psikiyatrik hastalık saptandı. Migren hastaları ‘Geçen hafta içinde kaç gün kendinizi iyi hissettiniz?’ sorusunda ortalama 3.5±1.9 gün şeklinde yanıt verirken, gerilim tipi hastalar ortalama 3.5±1.7 gün yanıtını vermişlerdir. Migren hastaları şikayetleri sebebi ile ortalama 1.3±1.7 gün işe gitmezken, gerilim tipi hastaları ortalama 1±1.2 gün işe gitmemiştir.Sonuç: Başağrısı depresyon, anksiyete bozukluğu, analjezik kötüye kullanımı, kişilik bozuklukları ve bipolarite gibi komorbid psikiyatrik hastalıklarla sık birliktelik gösterir ve etkin psikiyatrik tedavi yapılmadığında ağrı kronikleşerek işlevsellik kaybına ve hayat kalitesinin düşmesine neden olur. Bu sebeple baş ağrısına yaklaşım multidisipliner olmalıdır.
ULNAR SİNİRİN KOMMON PALMAR DİJİTAL DALININ NADİR GÖRÜLEN NÖROFİBROLİPOMU
Authors: Öztürk İbrahim Avşin , Köse Ahmet , Engin Muhammed Çağatay , Topal Murat , Dinçer Recep
Published: August 2018

Nörofibrolipom nadir görülen bir ortopedik patolojidir ve pekçok terim bu kitleyi tanımlamak için tarih boyunca kullanılmıştır. Nörofibrolipom sıklıkla el ve ayak parmaklarını tutar. Muayene esnasında saptanan bir kitleye bu tanıyı koyabilmek için biopsi sonrası patolojik inceleme şarttır. Nörofibrolipomlar sadece semptomatik olduklarında çıkarılmaları önerilmektedir. Asemptomatik vakalar güvenle takip edilebilir. Sunmuş olduğumuz vakamızda biopsi sonrası hastanın tüm şikayetleri gerilemesi üzerine kitle çıkarımı için ikincil operasyon yapılmadı. Biopsi sonrası nörofibrolipom tanısı doğrulanan hastalarda kitle çıkarılması için çok acele edilmemesinin gereksiz ikincil operasyonların önüne geçeceğine inanmaktayız.
A post marketing randomized placebo controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of study product UPLAT® (Carica papaya leaf extract + Tinospora cordifolia extract) in the cancer patients with thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy
Authors: Tiwari Rajeev , Mandal Deepak Kumar , Patel Jigar
Published: July 2018

Background: Thrombocytopenia refers to abnormal decrease in platelet count in an individual. The condition may rise at different grades of severity in cancer patients under chemotherapy. In most of the cases, thrombocytopenic condition of cancer patient becomes a major therapy limiting factor. Generally, the treatment of thrombocytopenia lies in dose reduction and/or dose delay but this may adversely affect the treatment plan of cancer. Therefore, managing chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia is still a challenge. This study was conducted to examine the platelet count improving effect of marketed product UPLAT® (Carica papaya leaf extract + Tinospora cordifolia extract) in cancer patients with chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia (CIT).

Methods: Fourty (40) subjects were recruited as ‘case’ and twenty (20) as ‘control’. ‘Cases’ were cancer patients with chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia. UPLAT® containing following active ingredients; Carica papaya leaf extract: 350 mg (standardized to 2% flavonoids) and Tinospora cardifolia extract: 150 mg (standardized to 3% bitters) was given twice daily (2 units each) for 10 consecutive days. Platelet count was observed at baseline and day 15 (end of the study). Then pre and post-treatment platelet counts were compared individually in both arms by statistical tests. Response was evaluated in fourty (40) ‘cases’ and twenty ‘control’y.

Results: Mean change for platelet count in case group (93990.00±63896.73) was much higher than control group (27600.00±29758.42). No adverse events with the treatment were observed.

Conclusions: This study proves the effectiveness of platelet booster UPLAT® (combination of Carica papaya leaf extract and Tinospora cordifolia) as it significantly increased thrombocytes/platelet count in post-chemotherapy cancer patients.

 
Comprehensive study of insomnia and its association with specific burn characteristics: an experience from a tertiary care centre in North-West India
Authors: Jain Rakesh Kumar , Prakash Gautam , Midya Manojit , Sharma Pankaj , Jain Akhilesh
Published: July 2018

Background: Burn injuries are devastating, sudden and unpredictable forms of trauma which affect the victims both physically and psychologically. Recent advances in medical management have drastically decreased mortality rates of burn patients. There is a significant relationship between acute burn pain and sleep. Alteration in sleep patterns are commonly seen in post burn patients. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of insomnia in burn patients compared with a group of adequately matched controls; to determine risk factors associated with insomnia; to study the quality of sleep in post burn patients compared with a group of adequately matched controls.Methods: Sleep quality in post burn patients was analyzed and measured with the help of Pittsburg sleep quality index questionnaire and compared with a group of adequately matched controls. Post burn patients experienced prolonged and long lasting pain which is assessed with visual analogue scale. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically using univariate and multivariate analysis (chi square test, odds ratio, Binary logistic regression).Results: The relationship between post burn patients with changed sleep architecture and pain was found to be statistically significant. Other important parameters were also evaluated and discussed.Conclusions: Post burn patients are more prone for disturbed sleep patterns. Any variation in sleep patterns and quality is significantly related to pain experienced by the post burn patients, thus this problem should be evaluated and analyzed meticulously.
Asthma management in pediatric age group
Authors: Alzain Mohammid , Mulla Hatem , Junainah Elaf , Alasmari Abdullah , Albangali Njood , Alqaedi Raneem , Al-yami Hamad , Alhawas Fahad , Allogmani Amjad , Alfaifi Malak
Published: July 2018

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses that affect the pediatric population, defined as chronic airway inflammation, remodeling of the airway wall, and airway hyper-responsiveness to leading to spasms in response to stimuli inducing a reversible airflow obstruction. The death rate from asthma around the world is as high as 0.7 per 100,000 children, therefore making it important to understand all aspect of its pathophysiology and management. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of Pubmed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from March 1980, through November 2017. The following search terms were used: asthma pathophysiology, chemokines, leukotriene, asthma management, steroids, beta agonist, leukotriene modifiers. Our aim was to understand detailed pathophysiology of pediatric asthma, and also have a look at the management of asthma. Optimal management of pediatric asthma is based upon a variety of measures, such as good symptomatic control, drug therapy, inhalers, but more importantly what matters is a good relationship of the physician with the patient and their care takers in order to achieve better result in short and long term. The impact of the relationship must be studied in more details to make asthma management more efficient for the pediatric group of patients.
The outcome of implementing antimicrobial stewardship program for hospitalized children
Authors: El-Nawawy Ahmed A. , Wagdy Reham M. , Abou Ahmed Ahmed Kh. , Moustafa Marwa A.
Published: July 2018

Background: An effective approach to improve antimicrobial use for hospitalized patients is an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). The present study aimed to implement ASP for inpatient children based on prospective-audit-with-feedback intervention in order to evaluate the impact on patient’s outcome, antimicrobial use, and the hospital cost.Methods: The study was conducted throughout 6 months over 275 children admitted with different infections at Main Children’s hospital in Alexandria included; group I (with ASP) and group II (standard antimicrobials as controls).Results: The study revealed that on patient’s admission, single antibiotic use was higher among the ASP group while double antimicrobial therapy was higher among the non-ASP with significant difference (p=0.001). Less percentage of patients who consumed vancomycin, meropenem amoxicillin-clavulanic and metronidazole was observed among ASP group with a significant difference of the last two drugs when compared to controls (p=<0.001, 0.011, respectively). The study reported the higher percent of improved ASP patient’s after 72 hours of admission with a significant difference to controls (73.2% versus 62.5%, p=0.038). Complications occurred more likely for the non-ASP group (odds ratio 7.374 with 95% CI 1.68-32.33). In general, there was a clear reduction of the patient antibiotic cost/day and overall cost per patient, however, it was not significant among the studied patients.Conclusions:  Our local ASP model provided a high quality of care for hospitalized children and effectively reduced the antimicrobial consumption.
Pathophysiology of cataracts
Authors: Alamri Mohammed , Alsammahi Alaa , Alharbi Majid , Alshammari Hamad , Alshehri Mousa , Saeedi Ibrahim , Alhomoud Maher , Albakri Ismaeel , Alwagdani Hadeel , Bin Yousef Khaled
Published: July 2018

Cataracts result in significant vision reduction. It is estimated that cataract was responsible for the morbidity of 10.8 million people (of overall 32.4 million blind people around the world), and 35.1 million people (of overall 191 million vision impaired people around the world). It is also the most common cause of blindness in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. We tried to understand, in details, the pathogenesis of cataracts, with special focus on how ageing is a contributory factor in its development. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1970 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: cataracts, pathogenesis of cataracts, pathophysiology in cataracts, ageing lens, aging and vision loss, lens degeneration. Cataracts heavily impacts the vision, thereby, the lives of individuals suffering from it. Due to its large prevalence, the impact on economy is large too. Although surgery is very promising, newer approach is focusing on its pathophysiology to emphasize on preventive options. Several changes, including oxidative stress, reduction in reductive enzymes, lens elasticity, and specific age related degeneration play major roles in its pathophysiology.
Psoriasis pathophysiology and impact on life
Authors: Alharbi Tariq , Alzahrani Ali , Hakami Afaf , Almohammadi Adeeb , Alsaadi Abdullah , Bin Magbel Norah , AlJuaid Najd , Almasoudi Haneen , Alruwaili Taif , Alkhezzi Sarah
Published: July 2018

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder with various morphology, distribution, severity, and course of disease. The goal of the management is to control disease activity to a level that allows a sufficient quality of life with minimal toxicity from the treatment itself. Unfortunately, 25% of patients suffering from psoriasis experience major psychological distress. Its chronic nature with associated comorbidities has a negative impact on quality of life. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1996 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: psoriasis, pathogenesis of psoriasis, psoriasis management, quality of life in psoriasis patients. We tried to study the pathogenesis, and management of psoriasis, and understand its effect on the quality of life of patients. Due to the chronic nature and its obvious visibility on skin, many patients suffer from major psychological adverse effects. In majority of the time the health care providers fail to recognize or treat such comorbidities. Healthcare providers must be educated to provide patients with ways to tackle issues with multiple aspects, including psychological, in the management plan for better results.
Maternal health profile of children with severe acute malnutrition admitted in NRC’s of Bhopal
Authors: Bhatia Padma , Sethia Soumitra , Melwani Veena , Gupta Mahesh , Priya Angelin , Singh Daneshwar
Published: July 2018

Background: Protein energy malnutrition is the most widely prevalent form of malnutrition among under-five children. Factors responsible for malnutrition in India comprise of low birth weight, maternal health problems, delay in introduction of complementary feeds, faulty child care and other poor environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the health status of mothers of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children admitted in three NRC’s of Bhopal.Methods: A cross-sectional record based study was done on mothers of 255 children up to 5 year of age who were admitted with SAM in the three NRC of Bhopal district. Details were filled in a questionnaire. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and graded according to the WHO classification.Results: The mean age of study participants was 24.8 years, mean BMI was 18.5, mean Hb was 10.4 g/dl. According to the BMI, 147 (57.7%) of the mothers were underweight, out of them 43 (16.8%) were severely thin. Anemia was present in 90% mothers, out of which 80% were moderately anemic and 11 (4.3%) was severely anemic, anemia and BMI of mothers have a significant correlation. At the time of the study, 65 (26%) mothers had more than two children and 113 mothers had two children.Conclusions: The health status of mothers indicates that they are undernourished and anemic with lower parity and age. It is therefore recommended that during the 14-21 day stay of SAM child maternal nutrition should be emphasized upon along with counselling sessions.
Male urethritis with or without discharge: a clinico aetiological study in Hi-tech Medical College and Hospital Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Dwari Binayak Chandra , Bhatt Mamata , Mishra Minati , Tripathy Nalinikanta , Sathpathy P. K.
Published: July 2018

Background: Urethritis or inflammation of the urethra is a multifactorial condition. Urethritis is called gonococcal urethritis (GU) when Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected in urethral smear of the patient and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) when this organism cannot be visualized.

Methods: Urethritis cases were identified from the dermatology OPD record. A retrospective analysis of data of patients diagnosed as GU and NGU for a period of 5 years (from August 2012-July 2017) was made. We have included only male patients more than 10 year.

Results: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (61.42%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (45.9%) were the most common causative organism among urethritis and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) respectively. Chlamydia urethritis had been confirmed by demonstrating ≥5 polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNLs) from the anterior urethra using a Gram stained urethral smear. Acute condition (7-14 days) more common in GU. Dysuria and purulent urethral discharge (68.6%) was more common in GU. In urine specimen pus cells count were more than 10. The most common age group was 21-30 year (42.86%). Most patients were from low socio-economic status (62.85%). Sexual exposure was more common in unmarried patients (94.74%). Heterosexual exposure (93.75%) was more common. Urethritis was also associated with other infection in 18 patients.

Conclusions: Urethritis is inflammation of urethra which is manifested by dysuria with or without urethral discharge. Though there is increased incidence of Chlamydia infections, still now Gonococcal infection is the most common cause of urethritis.

 
Synergistic Effects of Calcium-Protein Energy Malnutrition and Methanolic Extract of Plumbago zeylanica Root on Mitochondria Permeability Transition Pore: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Aribigbola Temitope Cosmas , Bewaji Clement Olatubosun , Bello Abdujeleel Abiola , Alabi Olufunmilola Queen , Olanrewaju Olaide Kuburat , Omoboyowa Damilola Alex ,   Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Science, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria.,   Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria.,   Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria.,   Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Ilorin, Nigeria.,   Department of Chemistry, Kwara State College of Education, Oro, Kwara State, Nigeria.,   Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Science, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria.
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of calcium ion-protein energy malnutrition (Ca2+-PEM) and methanolic extract of Plumbago zeylanica (Pz) root on mitochondria permeability transition pore (MPTP). Twenty-four male Wistar rats were studied. The Wistar rats were divided into two groups (experimental and control) of 12 each. The experimental rats were fed with protein-deficient diet, and the control rats were fed with normal rat chow and water ad libitum for 42 days. To monitor MPTP induction and inhibition in both experimental and control Wistar rats, 3 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+, 120, 160, and 200 μg/ml of Pz extract were used. The rats were sacrificed, and mitochondria were isolated from the livers to monitor MPTP. Our study showed that Ca2+ and Mg2+ induced and inhibited MPTP, respectively. However, PEM drastically increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ MPTP induction and inhibition, respectively, when compared to control. At varying dose and timing, Pz extracts steadily induce MPTP in both experimental and control Wistar rats. Taken together, the results suggest that Ca2+-PEM increased the MPTP induction, while PEM decreased the MPTP induction of Pz extract in dose- and time-dependent pattern when compared to the control that plausibly suggests that PEM may increase Ca2+ induction of MPTP as well mitigate therapeutic effects of Pz extract in diseases related to mitochondria targeting.
Mechanisms for compensation of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zolotnitskaya V. P. , Vlasov T. D. , Amosov V. I. , Lukina O. V. , Agafonov A. O.
Published: July 2018

Despite multiple risk factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are known, the true incidence of PH remains undefined in patients with severe bronchial obstruction. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify mechanisms of compensation of the increase in pulmonary artery pressure and to determine their prognostic role. Design and methods. The results of a complex clinical and radiological studies of 200 patients with COPD II (B), and 207 patients with COPD III (D), and COPD IV (D), (GOLD 2017) were analyzed. A comparative analysis of changesin pulmonary circulation in patients (n = 8) with primary PH was performed. Male subjects predominated among the examined patients with COPD (90,6  %), the average age of patients with COPD II was 54,0 ± 6,3 years, in patients with COPD III–IV stages — 63,9 ± 5,8 years. The average age of patients with primary PH was 38,7 ± 7,9 years. The following diagnostic methods were performed: single-photon emission computer tomography, multidetector computed tomography, external respiration function, echocardiography. Results. In patients with COPD II (B), both ventilation and perfusion disorders developed, the diffusion capacity of the lungs decreased and the intrapulmonary shunting of the blood occurred. Despite overall decrease in pulmonary perfusion, local zones of increased blood flow appeared in the unchanged pulmonary parenchyma. This compensation mechanism was observed in 54,6  % of patients and was accompanied by partial decrease of pressure in the pulmonary artery to values close to normal. In severe COPD, 44,4  % patients developed hyperperfusion zones, but without any compensatory effect. In such cases, pressure reduction in the pulmonary artery system was promoted by the development of blood bypass, which was observed only in 10  % cases. Conclusions. We can speculate that the mechanism of compensation of increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and reduction of PaO2 results from the development of local zones of increased blood flow in the unchanged pulmonary parenchyma, but in severe bronchial obstructive pathology it causes the formation of blood shunting.
Investigación sobre psicoterapia en abuso sexual infantil: ¿Una tarea pendiente en Chile?
Authors: Guerra Cristobal , Arredondo Valeria
Published: July 2018

El abuso sexual infantil es un fenómeno de alta prevalencia que genera consecuencias negativas en el desarrollo de los niños expuestos a sus diversas formas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la producción nacional de estudios referidos a la psicoterapia con víctimas de abuso sexual infantil. La muestra la componen ocho revistas y seis instituciones chilenas que trabajan con víctimas. De los solo 19 trabajos en el área, la mayoría se corresponden a la sistematización de experiencias de intervención. Igualmente, se aprecia una escasez de estudios empíricos. Con lo cual se manifiesta el desafío a las instituciones e investigadores de desarrollar estudios con el rigor metodológico necesario para generar conocimiento en el contexto nacional que nutra la labor de los psicoterapeutas que trabajan con víctimas.