bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing Glimipiride
Authors: Ganesh M. Ningule , Shivappa N. Nagoba , Atiya L. Shaikh , Raghunath D. Wadulkar , Aditye Y. Deshmukh
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Glimepride with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique. Different concentrations of oleic acid and isopropyle myristate were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of glimipride.
Matrix type transdermal patches prepared by using different ratio of Eudragit RS100, HPMC100M, by using solvent evaporation techniques. All the prepared formulation were subjected to evaluation studies i.e., weight variation, thickness, drug content, moisture content, moisture uptake, flatness and in-vitro drug release. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy suggested absence of any incompatibility. Compatibility study between drug and polymer can be done by FTIR. From the all formulation batch F3 was optimized formula. Shows linear zero order release for 24 hrs with cumulative % drug diffusion of 88.34% from 4cm2 patches. It is concluded that concentration of polymer (HPMC100M) when increases into primary layer, then In-vitro diffusion rate also increases and concentration of Eudragit Rs100 when increases, the drug diffusion decreases. It provides better controlled drug release for patch.
Pemodelan Data Jemaah Haji Provinsi Aceh Dengan Pendekatan Distribusi Gamma
Authors: Wardaturriqa  , Miftahuddin  , Nany Salwa
Published: August 2019

Analisis hubungan untuk suatu variabel respon yang tidak berditribusi normal adalah dengan menggunakan metode Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Variabel respon diasumsikan berditribusi dari keluarga eksponensial, seperti distribusi gamma. Variabel respon pada penelitian ini adalah data jumlah jemaah haji di Provinsi Aceh dengan 22 variabel penjelas diantaranya meliputi agama, ekonomi, kependudukan, dan pendidikan. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mendapatkan GLM jumlah jemaah haji di Provinsi Aceh dengan pendekatan distribusi gamma. Hasil hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa jumlah jemaah haji, ongkos naik haji, persentase penduduk Islam, jumlah ustad, jumlah pengangguran, persentase pengeluaran untuk makanan penduduk tidak miskin, dan persentase pengeluaran untuk makanan penduduk miskin berhubungan terhadap jumlah jemaah haji di Provinsi Aceh.

 

The analysis for a non normal distributed dependent variable is using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) method. The dependent variable is assumed to be contributed from the exponential family, such as the gamma distribution. The dependent variable in this study is the hajj group value in Aceh Province with 22 independent variables including religion, economy, population, and education. This study aims to obtain the GLM the hajj group value in Aceh province with a gamma distribution approach. The results of the hypothesis show the hajj group value, the cost of hajj, the percentage of Muslim population, the number of ustad, the number of unemployed, the percentage of expenditure for food of the non-poor, and the percentage of expenditure on food of the poor corresponds to the hajj group value in Aceh Province.
Pengaruh Pendopingan Karbon Terhadap Struktur Kristal dan Morfologi TIO2
Authors: Deswardani Frastica , Dwi Fahyuan Helga , Gultom Rimawanto , Sparzinanda Eif
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh konsentrasi doping karbon pada lapisan tipis TiO2 yang ditumbuhkan dengan metode spray terhadap struktur kristal dan morfologi TiO2. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan bahwa penambahan doping karbon dapat meningkatkan ukuran butir. Lapisan TiO2 doping karbon 8% diperoleh ukuran butir terbesar adalah 1.35 μm, sedangkan ukuran tekecilnya adalah 0.45 μm. Sementara itu, untuk lapisan tipis TiO2 didoping karbon 15% memiliki ukuran butir terbesar yaitu 1.76 μm dan terkecil 0.9 μm. Hasil XRD menunjukkan seluruh puncak difraksi lapisan tipis TiO2 dengan doping karbon 8% dan 15% merupakan TiO2 anatase. Ukuran kristal lapisan TiO2 didoping karbon 8% diperoleh sebesar 638,08 Å dan untuk pendopingan 15% karbon ukuran kristal lapisan tipis TiO2 adalah 638,09 Å, hal ini menunjukkan ukuran kristal kedua sampel tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan.

 

TiO2 thin film with carbon doping has been successfully grown by spray method. The research on the effect of carbon doping on crystal structure and morfology of TiO2 has been prepared by varying carbon concentration (8% and 15% carbon). Analysis of SEM showed that the addition of carbon may increase the grain size. Thin film of TiO2 doped carbon 8% has the largest grain size 1.35 μm, while the smallest grain size is 0.45 μm. Meanwhile, for thin film TiO2 doped carbon 15% has the largest grain size 1.76 μm and smallest 0.9 μm. The XRD results showed the entire diffraction peak of thin film TiO2 doped carbon 8% and 15% were TiO2 anatase. The crystal size of thin film TiO2 doped carbon 8% was obtained at 638.08 Å and for thin film TiO2 doped carbon 15% the crystalline size of TiO2 thin film was 638.09 Å, this shows that the crystal size of both samples did not change significantly.
Potensi Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle L.) Sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair Dengan Metode Ekstrak Tanaman Terfermentasi Dan Aplikasinya Pada Tanaman Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum M.)
Authors: Indrawati  , Refilda  , Melda Pratiwi
Published: August 2019

Pentingnya peran pupuk bagi pertanian, mendorong peneliti untuk mengembangkan suatu bahan alternatif yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pupuk organik cair sehingga dapat mengurangi dampak kerusakan lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pupuk kimia. Bahan alternatif yang disarankan dalam penelitian ini adalah daun sirih hijau (piper betle L.). Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pupuk organik cair yaitu Ekstrak Tanaman Terfermentasi (ETT). Pada penelitian ini, ETT daun sirih hijau yang paling efektif bagi pertumbuhan tanaman tomat yaitu dengan komposisi 250 g daun sirih hijau, 50 mL larutan EM-4, 50 mL gula merah dan 900 mL akuades yang memiliki pH 3,7, kadar nitrogen 1,1200%, fosfor 0,0050%, kalium 0,5180%, karbon organik 2,1500% dan bahan organik 3,7070%. Setelah diaplikasikan pada tanaman tomat selama 30 hari setelah tanam, ETT daun sirih hijau dapat meningkatkan kadar unsur hara makro dalam tanah. Tanah dari tanaman tomat yang disiram dengan ETT daun sirih hijau memiliki pH 5,4, kadar nitrogen 0,8628%, fosfor 0,2502%, kalium 0,0259%, karbon organik 27,6570% dan bahan organik 47,8467%. Sedangkan tanah dari tanaman tomat yang disiram dengan air memiliki pH 6,0, kadar nitrogen 0,8157%, fosfor 0,3499%, kalium 0,0152%, karbon organik 30,8066% dan bahan organik 53,2954%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis daun sirih hijau memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai pupuk organik cair.

 

The importance of the role of fertilizer for agriculture, encouraging researchers to develop an alternative material which can be used as organic liquid fertilizer. It can reduce the impact of environmental damage caused by chemical fertilizers. Alternative material suggested in this research is green betel leaf (piper betle L.). Fermented plant extract (ETT) is the method used in the manufacture of organic liquid fertilizer. In this study, the most effective green betel leaf ETT for tomatoes plant growth was consisted of 250 g of green betel leaf, 50 mL EM-4 solution, 50 mL brown sugar solution and 900 mL distilled water with pH 3.7, nitrogen content 1.1200%, phosphorus 0.0050%, potassium 0.5180%, organic carbon 2.1500% and another organic substance 3.7070%. Once applied to tomatoes plant for 30 days after planting, green betel leaf ETT can increase the level of macro nutrients in the soil. Soil from tomatoes plant which sprayed with green betel leaf ETT has pH 5.4, nitrogen content 0.8628%, phosphorus 0.2502%, potassium 0.0259%, organic carbon 27.6570% and another organic substance 47.8467%. While soil from tomatoes plant which is watered, has pH 6.0, nitrogen content 0.8157%, phosphorus 0.3499%, potassium 0.0152%, organic carbon 30.8066% and another organic substance 53.2954%. Based on the analysis, green betel leaf have potential to be used as organic liquid fertilizer.
Aktifitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daun Benalu Duku Hijau (Dendrohtoe pentandara (L.) Miq) dan Merah (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) dengan Metode DPPH
Authors: Rini Hardiyanti  , Lamek Marpaung  , I Ketut Adnyana  , Partomuan Simanjuntak
Published: August 2019

Uji aktivitas antioksidan yang dilakukan terhadap ekstrak methanol dari daun benalu duku hijau (Dendrophthoe pentandara (L.) Miq) dan daun benalu duku merah (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) dengan menggunakan metode DPPH bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan antara kedua daun benalu duku yang berbeda warna tersebut. Daun benalu duku diekstrak hingga diperoleh ekstrak methanol. Hasil pengujian ekstrak methanol menunjukkan bahwa daun benalu duku hijau dan merah mempunyai nilai IC50 masing-masing 13.21 ppm dan 11.35 ppm. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak methanol daun benalu duku hijau (Dendrophthoe pentandara (L.) Miq) bersifat lebih aktif sebagai antioksidan dibandingkan ekstrak methanol daun benalu duku merah (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser).

 

DPPH method was performed toevaluate the antioxidant activity of Dendrophthoepentandara (L.) Miq and Scurrulaferruginea (Jack) Danser. The leaves of each sample were extracted using methanol and the obtained extract was called as methanol extract. The leaves methanol extract ofDendrophthoepentandara (L.) Miq and Scurrulaferruginea (Jack) Dansershowed the IC50 value of 13.21 and 11.35 ppm, respectively. That result showed that the leaves methanol extract ofDendrophthoepentandara (L.) Miq was more active than Scurrulaferruginea (Jack) Danser.
PROBLEMS OF NARCISSISM IN EDUCATION: THE CULTURE OF NARCISSISM AS A DANGEROUS GLOBAL PHENOMENON FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Podzimek Michal
Published: August 2019

Modernism, which appeared as a result of industrialization, has since then developed further, resulting in a postmodern society, characterized by a significant change in values. This shift in values is particularly evident in the quality of education, and man's subsequent relation towards work as a result. Schools have become social institutions in which learners spend their time in the role of served clients. The teacher is therefore assigned the social role of the servant, in which he is to primarily satisfy the pupil in his personal needs. This kind of relationship stems from the phenomenon of narcissism, which is already a cultural phenomenon. Studies of cultural narcissism are presented here, sampling relevant research of American provenience (with special focus on the USA). These studies suggest that cultural narcissism may become a global phenomenon in the future.
Keywords: cultural narcissism, contemporary individualism, narcissistic pathology, learning difficulties, pedagogical research.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS ON TUTOR PRESENTATIONS OF VISUAL ARTS IN TEACHER COLLEGES IN UGANDA
Authors: Ssegantebuka Julius
Published: August 2019

Different educational contexts or learning environments differently influence visual arts tutor’s performance and pre-service teachers’ learning. The purpose of this research was to examine the role the college context plays in the tutors’ presentation of knowledge and the pre-service teachers’ learning in visual arts in National Teacher Colleges in Uganda. The researcher used interviews, observations, document reviews and focus group discussions to collect data. The results revealed that there were inadequate teaching resources, poor infrastructure and limiting educational policies and administrative support. The research recommended that the ministry of education and sports provide adequate teaching resources, review the limiting educational policies and conduct refresher courses and professional development programs for tutors in National Teacher Colleges in Uganda.
Keywords: educational context, pre-service visual arts teachers, teachers’ learning.
CHOOSING TEACHING AS A PROFESSION: VALIDATION OF AN SMVUP-4-S ASSESSMENT TOOL
Authors: Tomšik Robert
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present research was to validate the Scale of motivation for choosing teaching profession (SMVUP-4-S), and to explore its basic psychometric properties on a sample of Slovak teacher trainee students. SMVUP-4-S scale was completed by 1235 respondents with a mean age of 20.1 years. SMVUP-4-S scale consists of 44 items arranged into 11 subscales, which are arranged into three main categories of motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic and altruistic. A latent structure of SMVUP model that consists of two four-factor (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) and a one three-factor model (altruistic motivation) was tested. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was calculated using the Maximum Likelihood estimation. To evaluate Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) χ2-test, CFI, RMSEA, SRMR, AIC, BIC and TLI indicators were used. SMVUP-4-S scale showed an acceptable internal consistency. Using EFA two four-factor and one three-factor model were extracted. CFA indicated that four-factor models had a good fit to the empirical data (Intrinsic motivation χ2/df = 4.925, Extrinsic motivation χ2/df = 4.781). Modifying indexes have shown that several items have correlated with residual variances which leads to low fit to the empirical data in three-factor-model. After the implementation of covariants between items this model has also shown a good fit to the empirical data (Altruistic motivation χ2/df = 4.715). Keywords: teacher development, teacher motivation, career choice, psychological assessment.
Immigration and range expansion in Finnish insects
Authors: Silfverberg Hans
Published: August 2019

During the 20th century many insect species have expanded into Finland and established themselves as part of the fauna. Some species of Coleoptera seem to have been carried here originally by man, but nowadays live outdoors. Many other species seem to have reached Finland on their own, and colonized a minor or major part of the country. Most colonists have come from the south, only a few from the east or north-east. This article lists various kinds of newcomers to Finland.
THE EFFECT OF USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZER TO STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY
Authors: Juniarti Kiki , Sofyan Dedi , . Kasmaini
Published: August 2019

This study aimed at investigating the effect of using Graphic Organizer to students’ writing ability. This research was designed as a quasi-experimental research. The population of this research were all eleventh grade students at SMA N 1 Bengkulu Utara. The sample of this research was chosen by purposive sampling technique, so there were two science classes which consist of 52 students as the sample. Pre-test and post-test were involved as the instrument of this research. The first group was as experimental group taught by graphic organizer technique and the second group was as control group taught by conventional technique. The pre test was given to both experimental and control groups at the beginning, treatments were given in six meetings, and post test given at the end of the term. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. From the calculation, the researcher found that the t-test value was 5.00, the degree of freedom value was 50, and the t-table was 3.49. Since t-test was higher than t-table (5.00 > 3.49), it meant that alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Thus, it could be concluded that the use of graphic organizer was effective to students’ writing ability in term of content, organization, and language use.
LANGUAGE PREFERENCE OF BILINGUAL PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN ARTICULATING WORD-OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Susyetina Arida
Published: August 2019

This study attempts to focus on one factor of bilingual acquisition and language differentiation by exploring bilingual preschoolers’ language preference in articulating word-object relationships using concentrated descriptive and associative questions. Ten bilingual preschool children from middle-class families participated in the study. Pre-testing phase was conducted before the actual testing phase and the preschool teachers were consulted to confirm the data collection. These observations on general language bias as well as preferences developed by the males and females participants may have significant implications for language teaching that teachers shall carefully deliberate the kind of classroom culture they would like their learners to experience because strong language bias could possibly develop in language prejudice that may obstruct healthy bilingual development.
La preeclampsia, problema de salud pública
Authors: Guevara-Ríos Enrique
Published: August 2019

La preeclampsia es un desorden del embarazo asociado con el inicio de hipertensión después de las 20 semanas, con o sin proteinuria, y con la presencia o no, de una gran variedad de síntomas como dolor en cuadrante superior derecho del abdomen, cefalea1. Es una enfermedad de carácter irreversible que afecta múltiples órganos y, debido a que lesiona a la madre y al feto, es responsable de una proporción considerable de muertes maternas y perinatales.

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la preeclampsia es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo con un 14% 2; y en el Perú en el I semestre del 2018 fue la primera causa de muerte materna con un 28,7% 3.

En el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal entre el 2007 y el 2018 se produjeron 97 casos de muerte materna, y la preeclampsia fue la primera causa con un 44,3% 4. Asimismo entre el 2012 y el 2018 se atendieron en el instituto un total de 1870 casos de morbilidad materna extrema, siendo la principal causa los transtornos hipertensivos del embarazo con el 56,6% (164 casos) entre preeclampsia con criterios de severidad, síndrome HELLP y eclampsia 4.

Por lo tanto la preeclampsia siendo un problema de una gran magnitud y una gran repercusión social, debe ser considerada como un problema de salud pública. Por esta razón, entre el 2016 y el 2017, el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, conjuntamente con el Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital San Bartolomé, Red de Salud San Juan de Lurigancho y ESSALUD, y con el apoyo de la Organización Panamericana de Salud y la Universidad McMaster de Canadá, elaboró una Guía de Práctica Clínica para la prevención y manejo de la preeclampsia, con el objetivo de estandarizar los criterios clínicos basados en evidencia científica disponible siguiendo la metodología AGREE II y Grade5.
Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth among ECOWAS Countries: 1975-2017
Authors: Ijirshar Victor U.
Published: August 2019

This study assesses the impact of trade openness on economic growth among ECOWAS countries uses secondary data from 1975 to 2017. The study uses non-stationary heterogeneous dynamic panel models through the application of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) estimators since time dimension was more than cross-sections. Using the Hausman test, PMG estimator was preferred. Results show that trade openness has positive effects on growth in ECOWAS countries in the long-run but mixed effects in the short-run. The study therefore recommends that ECOWAS member countries improve cooperation among economic actors by using export consortia so as to help SMEs in the region access international markets and to pursue a twin strategy of trade and competitiveness.
Ophthalmology training and competency levels in caring for patients with ophthalmic complaints among United States internal medicine, emergency medicine, and family medicine residents
Authors: Gelston Christopher Daniel , Patnaik Jennifer Landrigan
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmic educational training and confidence in caring for patients with ophthalmic complaints among internal, emergency, and family medicine residents in the United States.Methods: A 41-item cross-sectional survey was sent to the directors of 529 internal medicine, 237 emergency medicine, and 629 family medicine residency programs, who distributed it to residents in those programs. The survey included the number of ophthalmic education hours residents received. Respondents were asked to rate their confidence in performing an ophthalmic exam and treating patients with ocular conditions using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “not confident” to “very confident.”Results: In total, 92.5% of internal medicine, 66.8% of emergency medicine, and 74.5% of family medicine residents received less than 10 hours of ophthalmic education during residency. Most respondents (internal medicine, 59.1%; emergency medicine, 76.0%; family medicine, 65.7%) reported that patients with ocular complaints constituted 1%–5% of visits. Mean±standard deviation confidence levels in performing an eye exam and treating patients with ophthalmic conditions were highest in emergency medicine residency programs (2.9±0.7), followed by family medicine (2.3±0.6) and internal medicine (2.2±0.6). A higher reported number of ophthalmic education hours in residency was associated with greater confidence among emergency (P<0.001), family (P<0.001), and internal (P=0.005) medicine residents.Conclusion: Internal, emergency, and family medicine residents receive limited ophthalmic education, as reflected by their overall low confidence levels in performing an ophthalmic exam and treating patients with ocular complaints. An increase in ophthalmic educational hours during their residencies is recommended to improve upon this knowledge gap.
KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND BURDEN OF FAMILY IN TREATING PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA WHO EXPERIENCE RELAPSE
Authors: Suryani Suryani , Ningsih Eka Wahyu , Nuraeni Aan
Published: August 2019

Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder with a high incidence and relapse due to a lack of family support. Families do not understand how to treat patients with schizophrenia. There are several factors related to the family’s abilities in treating patients with schizophrenia, there are the level of family’s knowledge, perception, and burden.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the knowledge, perception and burden of family in treating patients with schizophrenia who experience a relapse.

Methods: The research used descriptive quantitative method. Samples were selected by consecutive sampling technique and obtained 100 respondents. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of family knowledge and perception developed by the researcher, and Zarit Burden Interview scale was used to measure the family burden. Data were analyzed using percentages, score T, and the Zarit Burden Interview analysis.

Results: Findings showed that 31 respondents (31%) had good knowledge, 42 respondents (42%) had sufficient knowledge, and 27 respondents (27%) had insufficient knowledge. In terms of perception, 66 respondents (66%) had a positive perception and 33% had a negative perception. In addition, 42 respondents (42%) had moderate to heavy burden levels, 23 respondents (23%) had a very heavy level of heavy burden, and 3 respondents (3%) with very heavy levels of burden.

Conclusions: Based on the results, it is necessary to increase the frequency of health education for the families. In addition, it is also important to hold a sharing program between families to reduce family burden.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B AND C CO-INFECTION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Anh Le Hieu Thuy , Thaweesit Suchada
Published: August 2019

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading causes of death from infectious diseases. Because of sharing same transmission routes, the co-infection of HIV with HBV or HCV is common. And the co-infections make HIV infected persons have higher morbidity and mortality than those who infected only with HIV. This study aims to investigate factors that may have influence on the co-infections of HBV or HCV among HIV positive individuals.

Objective: The goals of this study were to identify factors associated with the co-infection of HBV or HCV among people living with HIV.

Methods: Quantitative research method was applied in this study to examine factors associated with HBV or HCV co-infection among HIV infected people. A total of 250 HIV infected individuals in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam were the sample of this study. It employed the Social Ecological Model (SEM) as a theoretical perspective that focused on multiple levels of factors. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the general characteristics of the respondents. And Binary logistic regression was carried out to measure the influence of factors on the co-infection.

Results: The multivariate analysis of this study showed that HIV-HBV co-infection was associated significantly with residents of Nha Trang (OR= 7.179). Regarding HIV-HCV co-infection, being men (OR= 7.617), unemployed (OR= 4.013), a resident of Nha Trang (OR=10.894) and an injecting drug user (OR= 16.688) were risk factors of the co-infection.

Conclusions: This study recommended that intervention strategies to prevent HIV-positive individuals from co-infection with either HBV or HCV should focus on altering individuals’ risk behaviors and their socio-economic environments. Also, specific preventing programs should be implemented and focus on unemployed populations, injecting drug users, men in general, as well as people living in particular areas, especially cities having a large number of people living with HIV.
RETRACTED: Elevated Expression Levels of PC3-Secreted Microprotein (PSMP) in Prostate Cancer Associated With Increased Xenograft Growth and Modification of Immune-Related Microenvironment
Authors: Pei Xiaolei , Zheng Danfeng , She Shaoping , Fang Zhiwei , Zhang Shiying , Hu Hao , Xu Kexin , Wang Ying
Published: August 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa), especially metastatic PCa, is one of the main cancer types accounting for male mortality worldwide. Over decades, researchers have tried to search for effective curative methods for PCa, but many attempts have failed. The therapeutic failure of PCa is usually due to off-target or side effects; thus, finding a key molecule that could prevent PCa metastatic progression has become the most important goal for curing aggressive PCa. In this study, we collected hundreds of PCa tissues and serum and urine samples from patients to verify the upregulated expression of PC3-secreted microprotein (PSMP) in PCa tumor tissues with high Gleason scores. According to biopsy results, PSMP expression was found related to extraprostatic extension (EPE), contributing to PCa metastasis. Mechanistically, recombinant PSMP protein could promote the proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and rhPSMP could promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC3 in vitro. Additionally, PSMP could also influence cytokine production in the xenograft model and monocyte migration and macrophage polarization in vitro. Our most important finding was that neutralizing antibodies against PSMP could suppress xenograft PC3 growth and promote the survival of PC3 metastatic mice model, providing an effective option to cure human PCa.
The Use of Different Hot Foam Doses for Weed Control
Authors: Martelloni Luisa , Frasconi Christian , Sportelli Mino , Fontanelli Marco , Raffaelli Michele , Peruzzi Andrea
Published: August 2019

Thermal weed control technology plays an important role in managing weeds in synthetic herbicide-free systems, particularly in organic agriculture. The use of hot foam represents an evolution of the hot water weed control thermal method, modified by the addition of biodegradable foaming agents. The aim of this study was to test the weeding effect of different five hot foam doses, in two sites of different weed composition fields [i.e., Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.), Taraxacum officinale (Weber) and Plantago lanceolata (L.)], by evaluating the devitalisation of weeds, their regrowth, the weed dry biomass at the end of the experiment and the temperature of hot foam as affected by different foam doses. The results showed that the effect of the hot foam doses differed with the different infested weed species experiments. In the Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) infested field, all doses from 3.33 L m−2 to 8.33 L m−2 led to a 100% weed cover devitalisation and a lower weed dry biomass compared to the dose of 1.67 L m−2, whereas the weed regrowth was similar when all doses were applied. In the Taraxacum officinale (Weber) and Plantago lanceolata (L.) infested fields, doses from 5.00 L m−2 to 8.33 L m−2 in site I and from 3.33 L m−2 to 8.33 L m−2 in site II led to 100% of weed cover devitalisation. The highest doses of 6.67 L m−2 and 8.33 L m−2 led to a slower weed regrowth and a lower weed dry biomass compared to the other doses. The time needed for weeds to again cover 50%, after the 100% devitalisation, was, on average, one month when all doses were applied in the Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) infested field, whereas in the Taraxacum officinale (Weber) and Plantago lanceolata (L.) fields, this delay was estimated only when doses of 6.67 L m−2 and 8.33 L m−2 were used in site I and a dose of 8.33 L m−2 in site II. Thus, in the Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) field experiments hot foam doses from 3.33 L m−2 to 8.33 L m−2 were effective in controlling weeds, and the use of the lowest dose (i.e., 3.33 L m−2) is recommended. However, for Taraxacum officinale (Weber) and Plantago lanceolata (L.) the highest doses are recommended (i.e., 6.67 L m−2 and 8.33 L m−2), as these led to 100% weed devitalisation, slower regrowth, and lower weed dry biomass than other doses. A delay in the regrowth of weeds by 30 days can lead to the hypothesis that the future application of hot foam as a desiccant in no-till field bands, before the transplant of high-income vegetable crops, will provide a competitive advantage against weeds.
The Significance of Social Perceptions in Implementing Successful Feral Cat Management Strategies: A Global Review
Authors: Deak Brooke P. , Ostendorf Bertram , Taggart David A. , Peacock David E. , Bardsley Douglas K.
Published: August 2019

This review examines the social aspects that influence feral cat management. In particular, it examines definitions and perceptions of feral cats as a species in different countries and across cultures. Using case studies from around the world, we investigate the factors that can influence public perceptions and social acceptance of feral cats and management methods. The review then highlights the importance of social factors in management and suggests the best approach to use in the future to ease the process of gaining a social license for management campaigns. Implications of the influence of education and awareness on public perception and acceptance are further explained, and are suggested to be an essential tool in successfully engaging the community about management in the future.
Administration of an Immune Stimulant during the Transition Period Improved Lipid Metabolism and Rumination without Affecting Inflammatory Status
Authors: Mezzetti Matteo , Minuti Andrea , Piccioli-Cappelli Fiorenzo , Gabai Gianfranco , Trevisi Erminio
Published: August 2019

Omnigen-AF (OAF) increases leukocyte functions in immunosuppressed animal models and reduces incidence of infectious diseases in early lactating dairy cows, although its mode of action is still unclear. This study aims to provide a wider perspective of the metabolic effect of OAF to test its potential as a strategy to address metabolic disorders of the transition period. A group of 10 Holstein dairy cows were divided into 2 groups: The treated group (IMS; 5 cows) received 32.5 g of OAF twice a day (65 g d−1) as top-dress in the morning and afternoon feeds from −55 to 42 days from calving (DFC), whereas the control group (CTR; 5 cows) received no supplementation. From −62 to 42 DFC, body condition score, body weight, dry matter intake, rumination time and milk yield were measured; blood samples were collected weekly to assess a wide hematochemical profile and to test white blood cell functions by ex-vivo challenge assays. At 30 DFC, rumen fluid was collected and analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acids composition, urea nitrogen, and lactate contents. Data were submitted to ANOVA using a mixed model for repeated measures, including treatment, time, and their interaction as fixed effects. OAF decreased blood nonesterified fatty acids and beta hydroxybutyrate concentrations and increased rumination time in early lactation. Leukocytes from IMS cows had lower lactate production and lower glucose consumption after ex-vivo stimulation. OAF did not reduce the acute phase response indicators and reduced the blood concentrations of albumin and antioxidants after calving, suggesting impairment of hepatic functions related to protein synthesis and antioxidant management. Nevertheless, the lack of effect on bilirubin and liver enzymes refutes the possibility of severe liver damage occurring with OAF supplementation. Positive effects in reducing mobilization of body fats and ketogenesis and in increasing rumination time after calving suggest OAF effectiveness in preventing metabolic disorders of the transition period.
Underwater Wireless Communications for Cooperative Robotics with UWSim-NET
Authors: Centelles Diego , Soriano-Asensi Antonio , Martí José Vicente , Marín Raúl , Sanz Pedro J.
Published: August 2019

The increasing number of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) cooperating in underwater operations has motivated the use of wireless communications. Their modeling can minimize the impact of their limited performance in real-time robotic interventions. However, robotic frameworks hardly ever consider the communications, and network simulators are not suitable for HIL experiments. In this work, the UWSim-NET is presented, an open source tool to simulate the impact of communications in underwater robotics. It gathers the benefits of NS3 in modeling communication networks with those of the underwater robot simulator (UWSim) and the robot operating system (ROS) in modeling robotic systems. This article also shows the results of three experiments that demonstrate the capabilities of UWSim-NET in modeling radio frequency (RF) and acoustic links in underwater scenarios. It also permits evaluating several MAC protocols such as additive links online Hawaii area (ALOHA), slotted floor acquisition multiple access (S-FAMA) and user defined protocols. A third experiment demonstrated the excellent capabilities of UWSim-NET in conducting hardware in the loop (HIL) experiments.
GaN/Ga2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires Growth: Towards High Response Gas Sensors
Authors: Bui Quang Chieu , Largeau Ludovic , Morassi Martina , Jegenyes Nikoletta , Mauguin Olivia , Travers Laurent , Lafosse Xavier , Dupuis Christophe , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Tchernycheva Maria , Gogneau Noelle
Published: August 2019

The development of sensors working in a large range of temperature is of crucial importance in areas such as monitoring of industrial processes or personal tracking using smart objects. Devices integrating GaN/Ga2O3 core/shell nanowires (NWs) are a promising solution for monitoring carbon monoxide (CO). Because the performances of sensors primarily depend on the material properties composing the active layer of the device, it is essential to control them and achieve material synthesis in the first time. In this work, we investigate the synthesis of GaN/Ga2O3 core-shell NWs with a special focus on the formation of the shell. The GaN NWs grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, are post-treated following thermal oxidation to form a Ga2O3-shell surrounding the GaN-core. We establish that the shell thickness can be modulated from 1 to 14 nm by changing the oxidation conditions and follows classical oxidation process: A first rapid oxide-shell growth, followed by a reduced but continuous oxide growth. We also discuss the impact of the atmosphere on the oxidation growth rate. By combining XRD-STEM and EDX analyses, we demonstrate that the oxide-shell is crystalline, presents the β-Ga2O3 phase, and is synthesized in an epitaxial relationship with the GaN-core.
Use of a Weighted ICP Algorithm to Precisely Determine USV Movement Parameters
Authors: Naus Krzysztof , Marchel Łukasz
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this article is to present a study aimed at developing a method for the precise determination of unmanned surface vehicle (USV) movement parameters (heading (HDG), speed over ground (SOG) and rate of turn (ROT)) through appropriate processing. The technique employs a modified weighted ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm and a 2D points layer arranged in the horizon plane obtained from measurements. This is performed with the help of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). A new method of weighting is presented. It is based on a mean error in a given direction and the results of modified weighted ICP tests carried out on the basis of field measurement data. The first part of the paper characterizes LIDAR measuring errors and indicates the possibilities for their use in matching point clouds. The second part of the article deals with a method for determining the SOG and course over ground (COG), based on a modified weighted ICP algorithm. The main part of the paper reviews a test method aimed at evaluating the accuracy of determining the SOG and COG by the scan-matching method using a modified weighted ICP algorithm. The final part presents an analysis comparing the obtained SOG and COG results with reference results of GNSS RTK measurements and the resulting generalised conclusions.
Radar Application: Stacking Multiple Classifiers for Human Walking Detection Using Micro-Doppler Signals
Authors: Kwon Jihoon , Kwak Nojun
Published: August 2019

We propose a stacking method for ensemble learning to distinguish micro-Doppler signals generated by human walking from background noises using radar sensors. We collected micro-Doppler signals caused by four types of background noise (line of sight (LoS), fan, snow and rain) and additionally considered micro-Doppler signals caused by human walking combined with these four types of background noise. We firstly verified the effectiveness of a fully connected deep neural network (DNN) to classify 8 types of signals. The average accuracy was 88.79% for the test set. Then, we propose a stacking method to combine two base classifiers of different structures. The average accuracy of the stacking method on the test set was 91.43%. Lastly, we designed a modified stacking method to reuse feature information stored at the previous stage and the average test accuracy increased to 95.62%. This result shows that the proposed stacking methods can be an effective approach to improve classifier’s accuracy in recognizing human walking using micro-Doppler signals with background noise.
Feedback Stabilization of First Order Neutral Delay Systems Using the Lambert W Function
Authors: Kim Beomsoo , Kwon Jaesung , Choi Sungwoong , Yang Jeonghyeon
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a new approach to stabilize the first order neutral delay differential systems with two time delays. First, we provided a few oscillation and non-oscillation criteria for the neutral delay differential equations using spectrum analysis and the Lambert W function. These conditions were explicit and the real roots were analytically expressed in terms of the Lambert W function in the case of non-oscillation. Second, we designed a stabilizing state feedback controller for the neutral delay differential systems with two time delays, wherein the proportional and derivative gains were analytically determined using the results of the non-oscillation criteria. A few examples are given to illustrate the main results.
Biomimicry in Bio-Manufacturing: Developments in Melt Electrospinning Writing Technology Towards Hybrid Biomanufacturing
Authors: Afghah Ferdows , Dikyol Caner , Altunbek Mine , Koc Bahattin
Published: August 2019

Melt electrospinning writing has been emerged as a promising technique in the field of tissue engineering, with the capability of fabricating controllable and highly ordered complex three-dimensional geometries from a wide range of polymers. This three-dimensional (3D) printing method can be used to fabricate scaffolds biomimicking extracellular matrix of replaced tissue with the required mechanical properties. However, controlled and homogeneous cell attachment on melt electrospun fibers is a challenge. The combination of melt electrospinning writing with other tissue engineering approaches, called hybrid biomanufacturing, has introduced new perspectives and increased its potential applications in tissue engineering. In this review, principles and key parameters, challenges, and opportunities of melt electrospinning writing, and particularly, recent approaches and materials in this field are introduced. Subsequently, hybrid biomanufacturing strategies are presented for improved biological and mechanical properties of the manufactured porous structures. An overview of the possible hybrid setups and applications, future perspective of hybrid processes, guidelines, and opportunities in different areas of tissue/organ engineering are also highlighted.
Uncovering Olive Biodiversity through Analysis of Floral and Fruiting Biology and Assessment of Genetic Diversity of 120 Italian Cultivars with Minor or Marginal Diffusion
Authors: Lombardo Luca , Fila Gianni , Lombardo Nicola , Epifani Chiara , Duffy Donald H. , Godino Gianluca , Salimonti Amelia , Zelasco Samanta
Published: August 2019

The primary impetus behind this research was to provide a boost to the characterization of the Italian olive biodiversity by acquiring reliable and homogeneous data over the course of an eight-year trial on the floral and fruiting biology of 120 molecularly analyzed cultivars, most of which have either low or very low diffusion. The obtained data highlighted a considerable variability to almost all of the analyzed parameters, which given the uniformity of environment and crop management was indicative of a large genetic variability in the accessions under observation, as confirmed through the molecular analysis. Several cases of synonymy were reported for the first time, even among plants cultivated in different regions, whilst all of the varieties examined, with only one exception, showed very low percentages of self-fruit-set, indicating a need for the employment of suitable pollinator plants. Eventually, a fitted model allowed us to evaluate the clear effects of the thermal values on blossoming, particularly in the months of March and April, whereas the climatic conditions during the flowering time had only a modest effect on its duration.
Silk Fibroin-Sheathed Conducting Polymer Wires as Organic Connectors for Biosensors
Authors: Jiang Yanke , Xu Meng , Yadavalli Vamsi K
Published: August 2019

Conductive polymers, owing to their tunable mechanical and electrochemical properties, are viable candidates to replace metallic components for the development of biosensors and bioelectronics. However, conducting fibers/wires fabricated from these intrinsically conductive and mechanically flexible polymers are typically produced without protective coatings for physiological environments. Providing sheathed conductive fibers/wires can open numerous opportunities for fully organic biodevices. In this work, we report on a facile method to fabricate core-sheath poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) PEDOT:PSS-silk fibroin conductive wires. The conductive wires are formed through a wet-spinning process, and then coated with an optically transparent, photocrosslinkable silk fibroin sheath for insulation and protection in a facile and scalable process. The sheathed fibers were evaluated for their mechanical and electrical characteristics and overall stability. These wires can serve as flexible connectors to an organic electrode biosensor. The entire, fully organic, biodegradable, and free-standing flexible biosensor demonstrated a high sensitivity and rapid response for the detection of ascorbic acid as a model analyte. The entire system can be proteolytically biodegraded in a few weeks. Such organic systems can therefore provide promising solutions to address challenges in transient devices and environmental sustainability.
Targeting of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL Reveals a Prospective Role of Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fakiruddin Kamal Shaik , Lim Moon , Nordin Norshariza , Rosli Rozita , Zakaria Zubaidah , Abdullah Syahril
Published: August 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as vehicles for anti-tumor cytotherapy; however, investigation on its efficacy to target a specific cancer stem cell (CSC) population in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Using assays to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression, we investigated the efficacy of MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) to target and destroy CD133+ (prominin-1 positive) NSCLC-derived CSCs. Characterization of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) revealed that it was highly expressed in the CD133+ CSCs of both H460 and H2170 cell lines. The human MSC-TRAIL generated in the study maintained its multipotent characteristics, and caused significant tumor cell inhibition in NSCLC-derived CSCs in a co-culture. The MSC-TRAIL induced an increase in annexin V expression, an indicator of apoptosis in H460 and H2170 derived CD133+ CSCs. Through investigation of mitochondria membrane potential, we found that MSC-TRAIL was capable of inducing intrinsic apoptosis to the CSCs. Using pathway-specific gene expression profiling, we uncovered candidate genes such as NFKB1, BAG3, MCL1, GADD45A, and HRK in CD133+ CSCs, which, if targeted, might increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to MSC-TRAIL-mediated inhibition. As such, our findings add credibility to the utilization of MSC-TRAIL for the treatment of NSCLC through targeting of CD133+ CSCs.
BRAF Mutations and the Utility of RAF and MEK Inhibitors in Primary Brain Tumors
Authors: Schreck Karisa C. , Grossman Stuart A. , Pratilas Christine A.
Published: August 2019

BRAF mutations have been identified as targetable, oncogenic mutations in many cancers. Given the paucity of treatments for primary brain tumors and the poor prognosis associated with high-grade gliomas, BRAF mutations in glioma are of considerable interest. In this review, we present the spectrum of BRAF mutations and fusion alterations present in each class of primary brain tumor based on publicly available databases and publications. We also summarize clinical experience with RAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with primary brain tumors and describe ongoing clinical trials of RAF inhibitors in glioma. Sensitivity to RAF and MEK inhibitors varies among BRAF mutations and between tumor types as only class I BRAF V600 mutations are sensitive to clinically available RAF inhibitors. While class II and III BRAF mutations are found in primary brain tumors, further research is necessary to determine their sensitivity to third-generation RAF inhibitors and/or MEK inhibitors. We recommend that the neuro-oncologist consider using these drugs primarily in the setting of a clinical trial for patients with BRAF-altered glioma in order to advance our knowledge of their efficacy in this patient population.