bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Travels of an American Indian into the Hinterlands of Soviet Russia”: Rethinking Indigenous Modernity and the Popular Front in the Work of Archie Phinney and D’Arcy McNickle
Authors: Balthaser Benjamin
Published: June 2014

After returning from a five-year journey to the Soviet Union in the late 1930s, Nez Perce anthropologist Archie Phinney urged formally educated Indians to go “beyond old tribal horizons toward a racial identity” to link Native struggles for self-determination with racial struggles for justice in the United States and abroad. Pan-Indian, cosmopolitan, and self-reflexively modern, Phinney represented a crucial link between Native American intellectuals in the 1930s and 1940s and other radical intellectuals of color. While Phinney was perhaps the most prominent Native American to openly support the Soviet Union, a small but nonetheless visible presence of Native Americans in socialist organizations created unemployed councils on reservations, agitated for extended federal aide to Native communities, fought against the deportation of Mexican Americans in San Francisco, and even ran for the US Senate on the Communist Party ticket. These social movements suggests ways we can reread the first modern Native American novel, D’Arcy McNickle’s The Surrounded , in context of the 1930s transnational movements, deploying theories of minority self-determination to suggest an indigenous nationalism in conversation with third-world liberation movements around the world. Together, these sources shed light on how Native American contributions helped shape the “radical modernity” of the Popular Front era, as well as how Native American intellectuals deployed ideas of modernity to fashion new forms of indigenous sovereignty.
Suzanne Césaire: Un legado intelectual de vanguardia
Authors: Torres Frances J. Santiago
Published: June 2014

Ce travail examine le rôle actif de Suzanne Césaire, épouse du célèbre écrivain, poète et homme de politique Aimé Césaire, dans la revue Tropiques , cofondée et publiée avec René Menil et aimée Césaire en Martinique entre 1941 et 1945. À Paris, pendant les années 1920 et une partie des années 1930, Suzanne Césaire a collaboré avec Aimé Césaire, ainsi que d’autres étudiants de la diaspora africaine de la Sorbonne, dans la revue L’Etudiant Noir . On considère la pensée et les réflexions de Suzanne Césaire, exprimées dans les sept articles publiés dans la revue Tropiques , d’avant-garde puisqu’ils se placent en plein milieu des discussions sur l’identité et les phénomènes culturels qui transforment les êtres humains touchés par le colonialisme. Ses contributions avaient passé inaperçues jusqu’`a très récemment. Dans ce bref parcours, on voudrait présenter ces articles à la lumière des débats qui continuent à être d’actualité sur : les théories postcoloniales, l’histoire, la culture, l’identité et la littérature caribéennes.
Memory, Counternarrative, and the Body Politic in Post–Imjin War Chosŏn Korea
Authors: Park Saeyoung
Published: June 2014

From the late Chosŏn Dynasty to the present day in both North and South Korea, General Im Kyŏngŏp (1594–1646) has been honored for his loyal service against the Manchus in the early seventeenth century. A close reading of official accounts, literati essays, legal cases, and historical fiction reveals, however, that Im was a deserter and a suspected traitor at the time of his death. Yet by the late eighteenth century, the Chosŏn state had promoted Im, presented him as an ideal subject, and honored his loyalty through state-sanctioned commemoration. Today, the memory of Im remains largely positive; twenty-first century Koreans predominantly know him as a Chosŏn hero or as the object of shamanic supplication. This article suggests that Im’s posthumous rehabilitation attests to the growing power of a reading public and the influence of popular culture on political discourse in an early modern public sphere.
The Ultimate Test of Religious Freedom: The Constitution Bars Civil Authorities From Judging How Well, or How Badly, Church Officials Supervise and Assign Priests, Even Sexual Predators
Authors: Lacovara Philip Allen
Published: June 2014

The First Amendment guarantees the “free exercise” of religion. This constitutional guarantee creates a “ministerial exemption” under which civil courts are denied jurisdiction to second-guess the decision by authorities in a hierarchical Church about whom to ordain or assign to ministry or to permit to teach religion. Not sufficiently recognized, however, is how this constitutional immunity drawing a vital line between the roles of Church and State limits the power of civil courts and juries to impose financial liability on Churches or clerical superiors for failing to detect or prevent the horrific abuses committed by individual priests or other ministers of religion. Clerical superiors have made some serious and destructive mistakes. But under the Constitution, it is the sole responsibility of the bishop and his advisors to make judgments about whether to retain an accused priest or restore him to ministry, even if he has been accused of child abuse and even if he previously was known to have engaged in such reprehensible and perverted conduct. Civil courts may not second-guess that decision by threatening or imposing financial liability on the Church (through the bishop or diocese) for any alleged error in making the decision.
Diocesan Institutes and Societies of Apostolic Life: Formation of Members for Holy Orders
Authors: Brown Phillip J.
Published: June 2014

The author examines the canonical norms for the formation and ordination of priests with respect to candidates from diocesan institutes and societies of apostolic life. Noting that the principal responsibility is always that of a candidate’s “proper” bishop (c. 1015), major superiors also always have a significant role to play. For pontifical right institutes and societies the major superior can grant dimissorials for the diaconate and the presbyterate for his members (c. 1019), but for diocesan right institutes and societies it is ultimately for the bishop to ordain or grant dimissorials. Bishops and major superiors should collaborate in all aspects of formation and evaluation of such candidates. The author reviews the relevant canonical norms and offers suggestions about how major superiors and bishops might better collaborate in this ecclesial task.
Illustrating Identity in the Cuban Émigré Press: Latin American Transnationalism in El Ateneo
Authors: Ambio Marissa L.
Published: June 2014

Se examina El Ateneo (1874) para demostrar a cómo este periódico ilustrado se desvía de la polémica política que caracterizaba la prensa cubana de Nueva York durante la Guerra de los Diez Años. En aquel momento los cubanos emigrados recurrían al periódico para definir el proyecto nacional y discutir los programas divergentes del movimiento separatista. El Ateneo , a diferencia de otros periódicos, intentaba resolver la disonancia del proyecto nacional cubano a través de una conciencia integrada latinoamericana. Tanto por su distribución como por su contenido, El Ateneo definía el transnacionalismo latinoamericano a base del idioma y la cultura. Un análisis de la temática y el aspecto visual de El Ateneo pone en evidencia la articulación del discurso transnacional, el cual propone una conceptualización distinta de la nacionalidad cubana en la prensa neoyorquina.
Perspectival Fig Leaves: The Failure of Representation in Calderón de la Barca’s El pintor de su deshonra
Authors: Ancell Matthew
Published: June 2014

Los pasajes sobre la pintura que aparecen en El pintor de su deshonra alegan razones para ver el drama como un discurso de la práctica y teoría de arte. Las ramificaciones epistemológicas que proceden de la trama, y de un par de obras de arte de Durero y Vélazquez, indican que no se puede acceder a la verdad, figurada como mujer (ni a su honor sexual), en la época de crisis y escepticismo del Siglo de Oro. Al poner de relieve los fracasos de la técnica de la perspectiva, el drama trata de las limitaciones no sólo de la representación artística, sino también de la construcción del honor y del conocimiento en sí. Este ensayo examina cómo el asesinato efectuado por Juan Roca trae consigo otro fracaso, un fracaso erótico que figura las consecuencias epistemológicas de la representación artística y del honor. El espacio del secuestro de Serafina, el jardín, denota la armonía y la inocencia edénica representada por la perspectiva. El punto de fuga en este esquema organiza las relaciones en la pintura y en el drama sirve de metáfora del honor sexual de Serafina.
Introducing Jewish Studies through Jewish Thought and Practice
Authors: Claussen Geoffrey
Published: June 2014

Geoffrey Claussen provides an in-depth discussion of his Jewish Traditions course, taught at Elon University. The course begins with an experiential learning exercise in which students eat honey cake while they read a fourteenth-century account of Jewish boys consuming honey (and other sweet delicacies) while studying Torah for the first time. Claussen outlines the course’s learning outcomes, which include students developing awareness of the complexity and diversity of Jewish cultures, learning diverse ways in which Jews have related to non-Jewish communities, and (as the course is a part of Elon’s Women’s/Gender Studies program) recognizing the importance of gender for understanding the Jewish tradition and people. The course focuses on major aspects of Jewish thought and practice, giving particular attention to influential classical Jewish texts and modern responses to those texts. An abridged syllabus is provided.
Influence of the Confounding Factors Age and Sex on MicroRNA Profiles from Peripheral Blood
Authors: Meder Benjamin , Backes Christina , Haas Jan , Leidinger Petra , Stähler Cord , Großmann Thomas , Vogel Britta , Frese Karen , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A , Meese Eckart , Keller Andreas
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) measured from blood samples are promising minimally invasive biomarker candidates that have been extensively studied in several case-control studies. However, the influence of age and sex as confounding variables remains largely unknown.

METHODS

We systematically explored the impact of age and sex on miRNAs in a cohort of 109 physiologically unaffected individuals whose blood was characterized by microarray technology (stage 1). We also investigated an independent cohort from a different institution consisting of 58 physiologically unaffected individuals having a similar mean age but with a smaller age distribution. These samples were measured by use of high-throughput sequencing (stage 2).

RESULTS

We detected 318 miRNAs that were significantly correlated with age in stage 1 and, after adjustment for multiple testing of 35 miRNAs, remained statistically significant. Regarding sex, 144 miRNAs showed significant dysregulation. Here, no miRNA remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. In the high-throughput datasets of stage 2, we generally observed a smaller number of significant associations, mainly as an effect of the smaller cohort size and age distribution. Nevertheless, we found 7 miRNAs that were correlated with age, of which 5 were concordant with stage 1.

CONCLUSIONS

The age distribution of individuals recruited for case-control studies needs to be carefully considered, whereas sex may be less confounding. To support the translation of miRNAs into clinical application, we offer a web-based application (http://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mirnacon) to test individual miRNAs or miRNA signatures for their likelihood of being influenced.
Terra-&-Terror Ecology: Secrets from the Arrakeen underground
Authors: Mellamphy Nandita Biswas
Published: July 2014

In this article, I use Frank Herbert’s Dune novels to exemplify a rather dark eco-vision of planetary ecology. The chthonic planetary eco-vision is necessarily terrifying, in that humanity is demoted from its role as ‘steward’ of a personified nature (mother nature), i.e., as caring intermediary between nature and culture, to a role in which the human is nothing more than fuel and fodder – bait and lure – for what could be called the ‘Great Ecology’ of planetary regeneration and desertification. Dune shows the dark side of the ‘Green’ will ecologize, which I argue involves the necessary violation of the stated values of eco-conservationist visions and ambitions.
Negotiating visions of modernity: Female stars, the melindrosa and desires for a Brazilian film industry
Authors: Conde Maite
Published: July 2014

This article examines discourses and elaborations of a Hollywood-inflected stardom in 1920s’ Brazilian cinema, focusing in particular on a new generation of female stars who emerged during this decade. It does so by tracing the elaboration of this American-style star system in the context of a vibrant urban consumer culture, one that depended on women. The discussion centres on two intersecting lines of enquiry. First, it explores how the development of female star texts was inextricably related to an urban mass culture that emerged in early-twentieth-century Brazil. In doing so, it highlights stardom’s dialogue with the figure of the melindrosa, Brazil’s own ‘new woman’. A symbolic and spectacular embodiment of urban modernity and women’s new public role in it, by the start of the twentieth century, the melindrosa proliferated in the country’s magazines and popular novels and became a key intertext for films of the period and especially their stars. Second, the article relates this complex and contradictory embodiment of female stars to discussions concerning Brazilian cinema itself. It explores the ways in which female stardom of the 1920s and, by extension, women’s consumer culture played a key role in forging a Brazilian film industry.
Cinematic time and the question of possibility in Carlos Saura’s Elisa, vida mía (1977)
Authors: Keller Patricia
Published: July 2014

This essay offers a theoretical approach to reading the relationship between narrative, image and temporality in Carlos Saura’s intensely philosophical yet understudied film Elisa, vida mía (1977). Through close readings, I analyse how the film creates a series of openings or spaces from which to reflect on cinematic time as a reciprocal process of folding and unfolding, entangled with cycles of arrivals and departures, experience and perception, memories and dreams, and illuminance and violence. I also explore the visualization of loss as an essential aspect of Saura’s cinematic construction of subjectivity and spectatorship. Ultimately, this article argues that in Elisa, Saura breaks with a system of suture to establish a cinema of loss or ‘cinema of wounds’ that not only depicts loss as a narrative element, but also integrates a structure of loss into the film’s temporal and visual composition. This loss constitutes a vital form of possibility when it, in turn, becomes part of the spectator’s viewing experience.
Transatlantic interpretations of Das Lied in mir/El día que no nací (Cossen, 2010): The appropriation of children in Argentina as narrated in German cinema
Authors: Luengo Ana
Published: July 2014

In this article I analyse the German movie Das Lied in mir/El día que no nací by Florian Cossen (2010) as an example of the European narration of crimes committed by the last Argentinian military junta. Latin American dictatorships are symbolic places of memory which suggest and permit a moral reflection about the crimes of the state in global terms. My point of departure is that the movie, which deals with the illegal appropriation of children, has various potential receptions that are enabled by both the story and intermedial references. I focus on how the film introduces a new approach in the discussion about the politics of memory by relating it to other Argentinian movies and intellectual discourses about this topic. Against this background, the article discusses two different interpretations: first, from an intercontinental perspective, the movie reminds us of the ignominious European responsibility for crimes committed by South American dictatorships. Second, without this historic-political reflection, it suggests an existentialist meaning directed at an international public.
Turismo e eventos culturais: a Festa da Flor na Ilha da Madeira e as motivações dos turistas
Authors: Marujo Maria Noémi
Published: July 2014

Os eventos culturais desempenham um papel essencial no contexto social, cultural, político e económico de um país ou de uma região. No turismo, eles surgem como uma ‘arma’ para identificar ou posicionar um destino, captar mais turistas, melhorar a imagem do lugar ou combater a sazonalidade. As motivações para participar num evento cultural são múltiplas e dependem da natureza do evento. O presente artigo pretende identificar e analisar as duas principais motivações dos turistas para visitarem a Festa da Flor na Ilha da Madeira, bem como a sua intenção de comportamento futuro. Para atingir o objetivo optou-se pela aplicação de um inquérito por questionário através de uma amostra por conveniência. Os resultados mostraram que as duas principais motivações para a maioria dos inquiridos, que visitaram o evento pela primeira vez, estavam associadas ao ‘conhecer a cultura da festa’ e à ‘participação num evento especial’. Para a maioria dos turistas em visita repetida, as duas principais motivações estavam relacionadas com os ‘aspetos culturais do evento’ e ao ‘ambiente da festa’.
Uso de las redes sociales en los hoteles de la costa española
Authors: Mellinas Juan Pedro , Martínez María-Dolores Soledad María , Bernal García Juan Jesús
Published: July 2014

La creciente importancia de las redes sociales, las ha convertido en un elemento clave para la promoción de todo tipo de productos y servicios, especialmente los turísticos. Realizamos un estudio sobre el nivel de uso de las principales redes sociales en los hoteles de costa española, que no pertenecen a grandes cadenas hoteleras. Identificamos que hoteles realizan un uso inadecuado de Facebook y Twitter, mediante el seguimiento de tres errores claros de gestión de redes sociales, detectables de forma clara y objetiva.
El turismo de eventos y reuniones en destinos turísticos maduros: Un pilar para la reconversión del producto turístico de Puerto de la Cruz (Tenerife)
Authors: Pérez Díaz Crístofer , Páez Escobar Ángel Israel
Published: July 2014

Como respuesta a una situación de declive,  Puerto de la Cruz está siendo objeto de importantes planes, estrategias y actuaciones destinadas a reconvertir el destino. El desarrollo del denominado turismo de reuniones puede encajar perfectamente en las tendencias actuales que se plantean para el destino, sobre todo, si se aprovechan las sinergias generadas por la celebración de eventos, tanto grandes como pequeños acontecimientos, incrementando así la competitividad del destino. Esta investigación tiene como principal objetivo analizar la situación actual del turismo de eventos en este destino turístico, identificando su potencial y planteando algunas sugerencias, para convertir este segmento de turismo en uno de los motores que apoyará la reinvención de Puerto de la Cruz.
Technologische Dramen
Authors: Grätz Tilo
Published: July 2014

Neue Mediengesetze und Technologien verändern das Radio in Westafrika. Tilo Grätz analysiert diesen Wandel am Beispiel der Aneignung von Radiotechnologien in der Republik Benin. Er zeigt: Die Prozesse vollziehen sich im Wechselspiel von Produzenten, Hörern und technischen Möglichkeiten unter dem Einfluss medien-politischer Institutionen. Es entwickeln sich lokale Radio-Kulturen, die sich in typischen Themen, Sendeformaten und Nutzungspraxen des Radios im Alltag manifestieren. Die erfolgreichsten Programme sind interaktiv und ermöglichen Diskussionen zu sozialen, politischen, aber auch persönlichen Problemen.
Aufzeichnungen eines Storm Squatters
Authors: Ziemons Ulrich
Published: July 2014

George Kuchar (1942-2011) war einer der bedeutendsten Regisseure des US-amerikanischen Undergroundfilms. Die Weather Diaries zählen zu den zentralen Arbeiten seines umfangreichen Œuvres. Ulrich Ziemons' Studie ist die erste ausführliche deutschsprachige Vorstellung von Kuchars Dokumentationen seiner unorthodoxen Suche nach Tornados im Mittleren Westen der USA. Neben einer Analyse der Videos unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kuchars am Hollywoodkino geschulter Naturdarstellung und seiner campen Repräsentation erhabener Wetterphänomene enthält der Band ein extensives Interview mit dem Künstler - eines der letzten, das er vor seinem Tod gegeben hat.
The pharmacogenetics of carboxylesterases: CES1 and CES2 genetic variants and their clinical effect
Authors: Merali Zahra , Ross Stephanie , Paré Guillaume
Published: July 2014

Human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) are serine esterases responsible for the hydrolysis of ester and amide bonds present in a number of pharmaceutical products. Several common genetic variants of the CES1 and CES2 genes have been shown to influence drug metabolism and clinical outcomes. Polymorphisms of the CES1 gene have been reported to affect the metabolism of dabigatran etexilate, methylphenidate, oseltamivir, imidapril, and clopidogrel, whereas variants of the CES2 gene have been found to affect aspirin and irinotecan. Although the findings of these studies may be preliminary, they demonstrate the potential clinical utility of CES polymorphisms; however, more research is required, especially with respect to CES2. In this review, we outline the functional, molecular, and genetic properties of CES1 and CES2, and highlight recent studies that have shown relations between CES1 and CES2 variants and contemporary pharmacotherapy.
Discourse objectivization, social variation and style of Spanish second-person singular tú
Authors: Serrano María José , Oliva Miguel Ángel Aijón
Published: July 2014

This investigation aims to uncover the variation of the Spanish second-person singular subject pronoun tú ‘you.sg’ when it displaces its content away from the particular circumstances of the speaker and changes its deictic meaning to a resource for the objectivization of the utterance. The multiple repercussions of the formal variation (expression and omission) of this subject on internal and external levels of meaning will be explored. Essential to understanding this case of variation is the consideration of prominent features of the communicative situation, as well as the social identities and roles assumed by the speakers within it (including professional affiliation, transactional vs. interpersonal communicative stance and gender). The results of the analysis allow us to sketch basic interactional and discursive tendencies governing objectivizing uses of the second-person singular tú along the oral-written continuum
Protein domain hierarchy Gibbs sampling strategies
Authors: Neuwald Andrew F.
Published: July 2014

Hierarchically-arranged multiple sequence alignment profiles are useful for modeling protein domains that have functionally diverged into evolutionarily-related subgroups. Currently such alignment hierarchies are largely constructed through manual curation, as for the NCBI Conserved Domain Database (CDD). Recently, however, I developed a Gibbs sampler that uses an approach termed
In vitro reconstitution of a highly processive recombinant human dynein complex
Authors: Schlager Max A , Hoang Ha Thi , Urnavicius Linas , Bullock Simon L , Carter Andrew P
Published: July 2014

Cytoplasmic dynein is an approximately 1.4 MDa multi‐protein complex that transports many cellular cargoes towards the minus ends of microtubules. Several in vitro studies of mammalian dynein have suggested that individual motors are not robustly processive, raising questions about how dynein‐associated cargoes can move over long distances in cells. Here, we report the production of a fully recombinant human dynein complex from a single baculovirus in insect cells. Individual complexes very rarely show directional movement in vitro. However, addition of dynactin together with the N‐terminal region of the cargo adaptor BICD2 (BICD2N) gives rise to unidirectional dynein movement over remarkably long distances. Single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy provides evidence that BICD2N and dynactin stimulate processivity by regulating individual dynein complexes, rather than by promoting oligomerisation of the motor complex. Negative stain electron microscopy reveals the dynein–dynactin–BICD2N complex to be well ordered, with dynactin positioned approximately along the length of the dynein tail. Collectively, our results provide insight into a novel mechanism for coordinating cargo binding with long‐distance motor movement.
Minimal metabolic pathway structure is consistent with associated biomolecular interactions
Authors: Bordbar Aarash , Nagarajan Harish , Lewis Nathan E , Latif Haythem , Ebrahim Ali , Federowicz Stephen , Schellenberger Jan , Palsson Bernhard O
Published: July 2014

Pathways are a universal paradigm for functionally describing cellular processes. Even though advances in high‐throughput data generation have transformed biology, the core of our biological understanding, and hence data interpretation, is still predicated on human‐defined pathways. Here, we introduce an unbiased, pathway structure for genome‐scale metabolic networks defined based on principles of parsimony that do not mimic canonical human‐defined textbook pathways. Instead, these minimal pathways better describe multiple independent pathway‐associated biomolecular interaction datasets suggesting a functional organization for metabolism based on parsimonious use of cellular components. We use the inherent predictive capability of these pathways to experimentally discover novel transcriptional regulatory interactions in Escherichia coli metabolism for three transcription factors, effectively doubling the known regulatory roles for Nac and MntR. This study suggests an underlying and fundamental principle in the evolutionary selection of pathway structures; namely, that pathways may be minimal, independent, and segregated.
Arithmetic functions monotonic at consecutive arguments
Authors: Koninck Jean-Marie , Luca Florian
Published: June 2014

For a large class of arithmetic functions f, it is possible to show that, given an arbitrary integer κ ≤ 2, the string of inequalities f(n + 1) < f(n + 2) < … < f(n + κ) holds for in-finitely many positive integers n. For other arithmetic functions f, such a property fails to hold even for κ = 3. We examine arithmetic functions from both classes. In particular, we show that there are only finitely many values of n satisfying σ2(n − 1) < σ2 < σ2(n + 1), where σ2(n) = ∑d|nd2. On the other hand, we prove that for the function f(n) := ∑p|np2, we do have f(n − 1) < f(n) < f(n + 1) in finitely often.
A new class of non-semiprime quasi-Armendariz rings
Authors: Habibi Mohammad
Published: June 2014

Hirano [On annihilator ideals of a polynomial ring over a noncommutative ring, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 168 (2002), 45–52] studied relations between the set of annihilators in a ring R and the set of annihilators in a polynomial extension R[x] and introduced quasi-Armendariz rings. In this paper, we give a sufficient condition for a ring R and a monoid M such that the monoid ring R[M] is quasi-Armendariz. As a consequence we show that if R is a right APP-ring, then R[x]=(xn) and hence the trivial extension T(R,R) are quasi-Armendariz. They allow the construction of rings with a non-zero nilpotent ideal of arbitrary index of nilpotency which are quasi-Armendariz.
A Current Portrait of Islamic Education in Aceh
Authors: Ahmad Kamaruzzaman Bustamam
Published: July 2014

There have been many studies on Islamic education in Aceh, especially among traditional institutions. However, the new coming of ustaz Java has led to social dynamic in the province. This paper aims to examine the contemporary of Islamic authority in education in Aceh, Indonesia. It will focus with two social concepts and their role in society. It based from fieldwork in Aceh in several areas. It is argued that there is changing of Islamic authority the society in which the ustaz play more important role in education rather than teungkue. Meanwhile, the teungku are more interested in political arena.
Internet, Identity and Islamic Movements: The Case of Salafism in Indonesia
Authors: Iqbal Asep M.
Published: July 2014

The revolution of information and communication technology has transformed the world into different shape, including Muslim world. This technology in the form of internet does not merely have the democratizing potential for Muslim world, but also has created a new public sphere and new Islamic authority. This paper discusses the role of internet as played by Muslim religious movement, especially Salafism in Indonesia. Using textual analysis of data collected from their websites, this article argues that the internet as modern technology of information and communication has helped Salafism rise to the public to show their ideological and doctrinal stances as well as to challenge their enemies such as Liberal Islam Network (Jaringan Islam Liberat), Shiah, and so on. Through the internet too, this movement respond to such contemporary issues as terrorism, earthquake and others. This means that although orthodox in doctrine and attitude, this movement can benefit from the internet very much for its missionary purposes.
Nurcholish Madjid’s Idea of Inclusive Theology in Islam
Authors: Muin Munir A.
Published: July 2014

Nurcholish Madjid was one of Indonesian Muslim intellectuals who had shaped specific school of Islamic thought known as neo-modernism. One of contemporary issues that he was concerned with was the problem of religious plurality, which was a fact in Indonesian religious life and had been debated among Indonesian Muslim scholars before him. However, at his era, the discussion of such an issue became more controversial and attracted wider debate. This is because he interpreted “Islam,” which is commonly understood as religion of the followers of Prophet Muhammad, to mean “surrender” to God’s will which is at the heart of all prophetic religions before him. In addition, he extended the concept of people of the book (ahl al-kitab), which includes exclusively the adherents of Judaism and Christianity as traditionalists understand, to cover other religious traditions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and so on. Drawing greatly on Nurcholish’s works, this article argues that his theology of religious pluralism can be categorized as inclusive, which is different from exclusivism.
Auditory P300 Event-Related Potentials in Children with Sydenham?s Chorea
Authors: Ozdemir Hasan Hüseyin , Demiroren Kaan , Demir Caner F. , Serin Mine Hapsen
Published: July 2014

P300 event-related potentials (ERPs), objective measures related to cognitive processing, have not been studied in Sydenham’s chorea (SC) patients. Purpose: To assess cognitive impairment with P300 ERPs. Method: Seventeen patients with SC and 20 unaffected healthy children were included. Stanford–Binet test was used for psychometric assessment, and odd-ball paradigm was used for auditory ERPs. Results: There was no significant difference in P300 latencies between the SC-pretreatment group, SC-posttreatment group and control group (p>0.05). Mean interpeak latencies in SC-pretreatment group and SC-posttreatment group showed significant prolongation compared with the control group (p<0.05). Mean interpeak latencies in SC-posttreatment group were significantly decreased compared with SC-pretreatment group (p<0.05). Compared to controls, patients did not show significant difference in Stanford-Binet intelligence examination. Conclusion: This report suggests that interpeak latencies and amplitudes of P300 ERPs could be useful for detecting and monitoring cognitive impairment in SC patients.
Discourse of the collective subject: social representations and communication interventions
Authors: Lefevre Fernando , Lefevre Ana Maria Cavalcanti
Published: July 2014

We present herein the Discourse of the Collective Subject method as a way to retrieve social representations. We sought to reconstitute these social representations through DCS maintaining the link between their individual and collective dimensions. The Discourse of the Collective Subject were obtained through an empirical study and they are herein called speaking and spoken products. They are speaking products because social representations are discursive practices, current behaviors of social agents. They are also spoken products because society (or the others), while socially-shared cognitive schemes, are always present in individual speeches. The social representations reconstructed by Discourse of the Collective Subject allow common people to identify with them, enabling its use in practices of social intervention.
Difficulties experienced by the mothers of people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tavares Keila Okuda , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros , Pelloso Sandra Marisa
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to understand difficulties experienced by mothers in life with, and caring for, their children with cystic fibrosis. A descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative character, its population consisted of 14 women. Data collection involved a semi-structured interview. The statements' analysis allowed the identification of two units of meaning: 'The treatment of cystic fibrosis: facing difficulties'; and 'The child's future: the difficult coexistence with the hope for a cure and a normal development'. Difficulties experienced by the mothers relate to disbelief regarding the diagnosis, the mourning for the loss of the dreamt-of child, acceptance of the inevitable and the struggle for the child's life and comfort. It is important for the health team to present another perspective on the health-illness process regarding chronic illnesses in order to support individuals affected and their families in the most efficacious and complete way.
Quality of sleep of the aged at home and in hospital
Authors: Monteiro Natália Tonon , Ceolim Maria Filomena
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to describe the quality of sleep of aged individuals at home and in hospital. Descriptive study, conducted in the wards of a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, with 160 individuals (57.5% men, mean age 69.8 years) admitted for a period between 48 hours to five days, who were able to answer the instruments. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used at home and a visual analog scale of sleep in the hospital. This scale indicated satisfactory sleep quality and moderate daytime sleepiness. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index indicated poor quality of sleep at home (69.4%), more particularly sleep fragmentation for the majority of subjects. Data indicating poor quality of sleep at home emphasize the need for assessing the quality of sleep of the elderly, especially its fragmentation, as well as the need for studies that give support to practices that promote good sleep quality during hospitalization, aiming at clinical recovery.
Challenges of environmental education in a hospital institution
Authors: Sari Vanúzia , Camponogara Silviamar
Published: July 2014

A study aimed to get to know the challenges of environmental education in a hospital, from the perspective of the individuals involved in its planning and execution. The research used a qualitative approach, case study type, using the workers of the Center for Environmental Education of a hospital group in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, as subjects. Data were collected, between August 2011 and January 2012, through documental research and interviews, and analyzed by content analysis. The challenges of environmental education include the lack of an institutional environmental policy that works as a financial, legal, human, and structural background for the development of actions focused on this topic. It was also observed that academic graduation does not consider environmental sustainability. It is clear that to work on these institutional challenges and overcome them during the development of environmental education is a prerogative for the construction of knowledge in environmental sustainability.
Validation of indicators of the nursing outcomes classification for hospitalized adults at risk of infection
Authors: Almeida Miriam de Abreu , Seganfredo Deborah Hein , Barreto Luciana Nabinger Menna , Lucena Amália Fátima
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to validate the indicators of the Nursing Outcomes proposed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification for the diagnosis Risk of Infection. Content validation was performed according to 12 nurse experts from the clinical, surgical and intensive care units of a university hospital. The analysis was based on the weighted arithmetic average of the scores the experts assigned to each indicator assessed and scores that reached at least 0.80 were validated. Out of 132 proposed indicators, 67 were validated for eight nursing outcomes described for the diagnosis Risk of Infection, which had been validated in a previous study. The content validation process identified that the Nursing Outcomes Classification presents feasible results and indicators to evaluate and identify the best care practices. This study will support the implementation of the Nursing Outcomes Classification in clinical practice, teaching and research.
Practices of intensive care nurses in the face of technologies: analysis in the light of social representations
Authors: Silva Rafael Celestino da , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção , Apostolidis Thémis
Published: July 2014

The aim was to analyze the social representations of nurses' care practices in the face of the technologies applied to the clients hospitalized in intensive therapy. Qualitative field research in the framework of the social representations theory. Semi-structured interviews were held with 21 nurses of an intensive therapy unit at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Thematic content analyses were applied, which showed that the technologies are devices that translate the signs from the client's body, which nurses base themselves on for care. The ways of assisting indicate bureaucratic and care actions demanded by the technologies, which imply detachment from and proximity to the client. It was concluded that there is an idealized image of the intensive therapy client linked to the technologies, organized in the professional training and supported by the clinic practice of the intensive therapy unit.
Nutritional status, physical performance and functional capacity in an elderly population in southern Brazil
Authors: Danielewicz Ana Lúcia , Barbosa Aline Rodrigues , Del Duca Giovâni Firpo
Published: July 2014

Objective: to investigate the association between nutritional status and functional limitation and disability in an elderly population in southern Brazil. Methods: epidemiological, cross-sectional household-based study carried out with 477 elderly of both sexes (60 to 100 years). Body mass index (BMI) served to assess the nutritional status: underweight (BMI < 22 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI > 27 kg/m2). The sum score (0-5) obtained in three tests: "chair stand" and "pick up a pen" (measured by time) and standing balance (four static measurements) assessed the functional limitation. The disability was evaluated by the difficulty in performing one or more self-reported tasks related to basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Crude and adjusted analyzes (3 models) were carried out using Poisson regression; prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: crude analyzes showed a positive association between underweight and functional limitation (PR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.63 to 4.51); overweight and disability in ADLs (PR = 2.20, CI 95% = 1.44 to 3.35); overweight and disability in IADLs (PR = 1.56, CI 95% = 1.20 to 2.03). The additional adjustments for gender, age, level of education, living arrangements, current work, cognitive function and number of morbidities reduced the strength of the associations, without changing the statistical strength. Conclusion: nutritional status is a factor that is independently and positively associated with functional limitation and disability. We recommend the use of this indicator to monitor the health of the elderly.
Transient accelerations of fetal heart rate analyzed by computerized cardiotocography in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Lauletta Ana Luisa Fernandes , Nomura Roseli Mieko Yamamoto , Miyadahira Seizo , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Zugaib Marcelo
Published: July 2014

Objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of transient FHR accelerations (10 bpm and 15 bpm) in the third trimester of pregnancy, comparing the occurrence of this event before and after the 32nd gestational week. Methods: This is a prospective study comparing the results of the computerized cardiotocography of 46 low-risk women with singleton pregnancies, maternal age between 18 and 40 years, gestational age between 28 and 40 weeks, absence of maternal morbidity and adequate fetal growth according to ultrasound. Computed Cardiotocography (8002 Sonicaid System and Fetal Care System) was performed for 30 minutes to analyze the variables of FHR. Results: twenty-three pregnant women underwent cardiotocography before 32 weeks (mean = 29.9 weeks, SD = 1.4 weeks) and were compared with 23 pregnant women who were examined after 32 weeks (mean = 36.3 weeks, SD = 2.5 weeks). Regarding the characteristics of FHR, fetuses evaluated between 32 1/7 weeks and 40 weeks showed a significantly greater number of accelerations above 15 bpm (median = 5, variation 0-18) than the group of pregnant women from 28 to 32 weeks (median = 4, variation 0 to 10; P = 0.048). There was a significant positive correlation between the number of accelerations above 15 bpm and the gestational age at examination (rho = 0.33; P = 0.026). Conclusion: computerized cardiotocography showed an association regarding the number of transient accelerations greater than 15 bpm in the assessment of both periods before and after 32 weeks of gestational age, suggesting the influence of the maturation of the fetal autonomic nervous system with pregnancy progression.
Do pollution and climate influence respiratory tract infections in children?
Authors: Passos Saulo Duarte , Gazeta Rosa Estela , Felgueiras Ana Paula , Beneli Patrícia Costa , Coelho Micheline de S. Z. S.
Published: July 2014

To review if pollution and climate changes can influence respiratory tract infections in children. Data source: articles published on the subject in PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, EBSCO and UpTodate were reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were considered: scientific papers between 2002 and 2012, study design, the pediatric population, reference documents such as the CETESB and World Health Organization Summary of the data: We analyzed research that correlated respiratory viruses and climate and/or pollution changes. Respiratory syncytial virus has been the virus related most to changes in climate and humidity. Other "old and new" respiratory viruses such as Human Bocavirus, Metapneumovirus, Parechovirus and Parainfuenza would need to be investigated owing to their clinical importance. Although much has been studied with regard to the relationship between climate change and public health, specific studies about its influence on children's health remain scarce.
Conocimiento de matemáticas especializado de los estudiantes para maestro de primaria en relación al razonamiento proporcional
Authors: Buforn Ángela , Fernández Ceneida
Published: July 2014

Un dominio particular del conocimiento matemático para la enseñanza es el conocimiento de matemáticas especializado. Este estudio se centra en examinar el conocimiento de matemáticas especializado en el ámbito del razonamiento proporcional de un grupo de estudiantes para maestro de Educación Primaria. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes para maestro tienen un conocimiento especializado sobre el razonamiento proporcional limitado puesto de manifiesto por la dificultad en identificar situaciones no proporcionales, en desarrollar formas de razonar en relación a la construcción de la unidad y en manejar el significado multiplicativo de la idea de operador.
Conocimientos y creencias entorno a la resolución de problemas de profesores y estudiantes de profesor de matemáticas
Authors: Lera Celia Giné de , Deulofeu Jordi
Published: July 2014

En muchos países -como en el caso de España- los maestros de enseñanza primaria inician su carrera profesional sobre la base de una formación inicial fundamentalmente profesionalizadora e imparten diversas materias, si no todas, a su clase. El estilo didáctico predominante en secundaria, donde cada profesor imparte únicamente la materia en la que es experto, suele ser menos pedagógico y más caracterizado por el énfasis epistemológico en una asignatura concreta, en nuestro caso las matemáticas. Este artículo relaciona los conocimientos y las creencias sobre resolución de problemas con la formación inicial de cada etapa educativa y con la experiencia docente. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de casos con un estudiante de profesor de primaria, un profesor de primaria, un estudiante de profesor de secundaria y un profesor de secundaria, en el que se analizan su conocimiento matemático para la enseñanza (MKT) y sus creencias sobre resolución de problemas. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto, por un lado, la necesidad de dar en la formación inicial de maestros de primaria un mayor énfasis en el conocimiento del contenido matemático, y por el otro, la necesidad de una formación continuada para profesores tanto de educación primaria como especialmente de secundaria en el ámbito didáctico.
Aprendizaje de sistemas matemáticos de símbolos en álgebra lineal y cálculo
Authors: Apud Eduardo Mario Lacués
Published: July 2014

Este reporte presenta los efectos sobre los aprendizajes de un diseño didáctico, con la finalidad de enseñar Sistemas Matemáticos de Símbolos (SMS) en un primer curso universitario de Álgebra Lineal, basado en la retroalimentación a los estudiantes a partir de su desempeño en tareas de resolución de ejercicios. Se reporta complementariamente el estudio de la incidencia de esta intervención en los desempeños de los alumnos en un curso de Cálculo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental con un grupo experimental (GE) y uno de control (GC), con un test inicial y otro final para evaluar desempeños. Se clasificó a los estudiantes mediante el test inicial en dos categorías (calificación alta- calificación baja) y se estableció que los de calificación alta de GE consiguieron desempeños en el test final significativamente mayores que los correspondientes de GC (se utilizó una prueba de Mann-Whitney). No se detectaron diferencias entre los subgrupos de estudiantes de calificación baja. Los integrantes de GE tuvieron desempeño significativamente mayor que los de GC en la tarea de Cálculo (se utilizó un Student's t-text). Estos resultados permiten utilizar este diseño en grupos de estudiantes con alta calificación inicial, y desafía a buscar estrategias alternativas para enseñar a los de menor calificación.