bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A controlled study of dental erosion in 2‐ to 4‐year‐old twins
Authors: TAJI SUE S. , KIM SEOW W. , TOWNSEND GRANT C. , HOLCOMBE TREVOR
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 400–409

Background.  Dental erosion (DE) in children is a significant oral health issue and has become a focus for research in clinical paediatric dentistry.

Aim.  This study investigated DE in the primary dentition of 2‐ to 4‐year‐old twin and singleton children with regard to the genetic, medical and dietary factors associated with the condition.

Design.  The 128 subjects consisted of 88 twin children (31 monozygous, 50 dizygous, 7 unknown zygosity) and singletons (n = 40) aged 2–4 years. Medical, dental, and dietary histories were obtained. The children were examined for DE using a modified index.

Results.  The prevalence of DE by subject affected was 77% in monozygotic twins (MZ), 74% in dizygotic twins (DZ), and 75% in singleton controls (P > 0.1). Of the teeth scored, 12% had mild, 10% moderate, and 1% severe lesions, and DE was more severe in the older age group (P < 0.05). Concordance rates for erosion lesions in MZ and DZ co‐twins were not statistically significant.

Conclusions.  The prevalence of DE and the concordance of erosion lesions were similar between MZ and DZ twins and singleton children, suggesting that the contribution of genetic factors to DE is negligible.
Medical aspects of ageing in a population with intellectual disability: I. Visual impairment
Authors: Evenhuis H. M.
Published: July 2010

Visual function of an institutionalized population with intellectual disability, consisting of 70 subjects with a mean age of 70.1 (range 60–92) years at initial evaluation, was assessed during a 10‐year prospective longitudinal study. One subject had Down's syndrome and could not be assessed as a result of dementia. Lower visual acuity values were relatively overrepresented as compared to reported data from ageing populations without intellectual disability. In addition, the prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was distinctly higher (27.9% in the group studied vs. 0.66% at age 60–69 years to 13% over age 80 in a population without intellectual disability). During follow‐up, visual function improved in three out of 61 subjeas (4.9%) after cataract surgery, and deteriorated in eight out of 61 subjeas (13.1%), even with optimal correction, as a result of cataract and macular degeneration. Causes of excess impairment were congenital or childhood conditions, too‐late diagnosis of glaucoma and suboptimal correction of refractive errors in non‐cooperative individuals. The present author concludes that it should be possible to reduce excess impairment by an active diagnostic and therapeutic attitude to subjects from a young age onwards.
Evidence for an Unlinked Gene Which Modifies HL‐A Antigen Expression
Authors: Bias WILMA B. , Hopkins KATHERINE A. , Hutchinson JUDITH R. , Hsu SUSAN H.
Published: July 2010

In a sibship of seven, three of four individuals who inherited the haplotype W29‐W10 showed modified expression of W10. Their lymphocytes were non‐reactive in the cytotoxic test with three of four W10 antisera, but strongly reactive with the fourth serum. The fourth sib's cells reacted strongly with all four antisera. Absorption of anti‐W10 sera by the modified cells removed cytotoxic activity, indicating the presence of W10 antigenic determinants on those cells. Absorption with W10 negative cells did not remove cytotoxicity to W10 cells.

This observation of the CYNAP (cytotoxic negative‐absorption positive) phenomenon in multiple family members suggests a genetic modifier of HL‐A antigenic expression which is unlinked to the HL‐A chromosomal complex.
The Use of in vitro Lymphocyte Responsiveness to Specific Mitogenic Agents in the Immunological Monitoring of Human Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Copeland DAVID , Rashid ABDUR , Stewart THOMAS , Harris JULES
Published: July 2010

In the course of immunologically monitoring the clinical progress of 16 renal allograft recipients, blood was drawn at serial intervals and patient in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to streptolysin‐O and streptokinase‐streptodornase studied. In vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to these specific mitogens provided no consistent guide to the adequacy of immunosuppression for maintenance of stable renal function. Variations in responsiveness gave no indication of either impending or actual rejection crises. Short‐term culture (4 h) assessment of phyto‐hemagglutinin responsiveness using the 3H‐uridine method also failed to provide clinically useful information for these purposes. We conclude that conventional specific and non‐specific mitogenic assays of lymphocyte functional integrity cannot be used to evaluate either the effectiveness of immunosuppressive medication or the development of rejection episodes.
Comparative Immunogenicity of HL–A Antigens: A Study in Primiparas
Authors: OH JUNG H. , MACLEAN LLOYD D.
Published: July 2010

A comparison of immunogenic strength among 23 HL–A antigens was made by studying HL–A antibodies formed in primiparous women. In this setting of single pregnancies, each one of the incompatible fetal antigens would have an equal opportunity (one gestational period) to sensitize the mother. Three hundred pairs of primiparous women and newborns were HL–A typed and the serum of each mother was tested for antibody activity against the child's lymphocytes.

The test was positive in 24 instances; 19 sera were reactive with only one antigen of paternal origin, one serum was reactive with both antigens, and in four instances the children's incompatible antigens were not identified. When the frequencies of different antibody specificities were statistically analysed, HL–A5 and W14 were found to be distinctly more immunogenic than the other antigens.
HL–A and Burkitt's Tumour – A Study in Uganda
Authors: BODMER J. G. , BODMER W. F. , ZlEGLER J. , MAGRATH I. T.
Published: July 2010

Thirty‐one Burkitt's patients and forty‐eight matched controls from Uganda were HL–A typed to investigate possible antigen frequency differences which could suggest association of an HL–A antigen with disease susceptibility. Cells were shipped in tissue culture medium from Uganda to Oxford where they were HL–A typed using sera from the Fifth International Histocompatibility Workshop in the cytotoxic fluorochromatic assay. No significant frequency differences between patients and controls were found.
Human Lymphocyte Antigen, HL–A27, in Japanese Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: SONOZAKI HlDEKICHI , SEKI HlROYUKI , CHANG SHAUYANG , OKUYAMA MACHIKO , JUJI TAKEO
Published: July 2010

A high association of HL–A27 specificity with ankylosing spondylitis was found in Japanese patients in spite of a very low frequency of this specificity in a normal Japanese population. These findings coincide well with those in Caucasian patients, and indicate the strong relationship between the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis and HL–A27 specificity beyond racial differences.

No particular HL–A patterns were noted in patients with the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical vertebrae. This observation provides an evidence that this disease is etiologically different from ankylosing spondylitis.
Anti‐HL‐A7 Lymphocyte‐Dependent Antibody
Authors: ROSENBERG E. B. , ROCENTINE G. N. , CONNOLLY J. , WUNDERLICH J. R.
Published: July 2010

Target cell specificity of a human cytotoxic lymphocyte‐dependent antiserum correlated with the presence of HL‐A7 on target cells. Target cells from 10 of 11 HL‐A7‐positive donors were damaged in vitro by this antiserum together with lymphocytes from normal donors. Target cells from six donors lacking HL‐A7 were not damaged. Cytotoxic activity was removed by adsorption of the antiserum with lymphocytes from any one of four HL‐A7‐positive donors. Adsorption with lymphocytes from any one of three HL‐A7‐negative donors failed to eliminate cytotoxic activity.
HL‐A Antigen, Gene, and Haplotype Frequencies in Denmark
Authors: NIELSEN L. STAUB , JERSILD C. , RYDER L. P. , SVEJGAARD A.
Published: July 2010

Between 426 and 1,967 unrelated Danes have been HL‐A typed for most presently known HL‐A antigens of the LA (first), FOUR (second), and AJ (third) segregant series. Antigen, gene and haplotype frequencies with delta values are given. AJ series antigens are most strongly associated with some of the FOUR series antigens, and except for one case, the linkage disequilibrium between AJ and FOUR does not seem to be influenced by the LA series; the exception concerns HL‐AS, RH‐315, and 12: the RH‐315 determinant is significantly more frequent on HL‐A9,12 haplotypes than on other HL‐A12 carrying haplotypes. The term “superhaplotype” is suggested for gene constellations such as the HL‐AS, RH‐315, 12 “haplotype”. It is suggested that the associations between cross‐reacting antigens from one series with the same antigen from another series may reflect recent evolutionary divergence of the cross‐reacting antigens.
HLA27 and Anterior Uveitis
Authors: WOODROW J. C. , MAPSTONE R. , ANDERSON JEANNETTE , USHER NORMAN
Published: July 2010

HL‐A types were determined in 90 successive patients with non‐granulomatous uveitis. Fifty‐one were HL‐A27 positive (55.7%) compared to 8.2% of controls. Of 16 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 13 were HL‐A27 positive, as were two patients with a history of Reiter's syndrome.

Twenty‐eight patients were HL‐A27 positive but had no evidence of rheumatic disease. The findings are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenesis of uveitis.
Two Techniques to make the Lymphocytotoxic Crossmatch more Sensitive: Prolonged Incubation and the Antiglobulin Test
Authors: Ross JILL , DICKERSON THOMAS , PERKINS HERBERT A.
Published: July 2010

Two techniques capable of increasing the sensitivity of the Iymphocytotoxic crossmatch test were compared for sensitivity and practicality using the fluorochromasia modification of the cytotoxicity test. Prolonging the incubation period after addition of complement in the standard test resulted in further positive reactions. Modification of the test by addition of antiglobulin reagent increased the reactivity more than prolonged incubation of the standard test. The fluorochromasia adaptation of the antiglobulin test had sensitivity equivalent to the original antiglobulin method. The antiglobulin technique had a number of disadvantages, and neither the prolonged incubation nor the antiglobulin procedure meet the requirements of a busy histocompatibility testing service in view of the time consumed for the first and the complexity of the second.
Kidney Transplantation and Donor Age
Authors: MORLINC N. , LADEFOGED J. , LANCE P. , NERSTRØM B. , NIELSEN B. , NIELSEN L. STAUB , SORENSENG B. L.
Published: July 2010

The cumulative graft survival after 355 cadaver kidney transplantations was analyzed with special reference to the age of the donors. A significant decrease in cumulative graft survival with increasing donor age was found.
Increased Frequency of HL‐A8 in Sjogren's Syndrome
Authors: Gershwin M. Eric , Terasaki Paul I. , Graw Robert , Chused Thomas M.
Published: July 2010

The histocompatibility antigen, HL‐A8, was found to be elevated in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Among 24 patients, the frequency of HL‐A8 was 58% compared to 21% among controls (P < 0.001 after correction). With the addition of this disorder to the list of other autoimmune diseases associated with HL‐A8, it now seems possible to postulate a single basis autoimmune defect gene in high linkage disequilibrium with HL‐A8.
A “Natural” Anti‐HLA‐A2 Antibody Reacting with Homozygous Cells
Authors: Lepage V. , Degos L. , Dausset J. , Dehay C.
Published: July 2010

In the serum of a young normal male, never transfused, a cold cytotoxic IgM antibody was found reacting exclusively with A2 homozygous cells on a French panel, as shown by population and family studies. This antibody needs about two to five times more lymphocytes or platelets to be absorbed than an immune anti‐A2 of the same titre. The antigen recognized by this antibody seems to be covered by the same molecule as HLA‐A2, according to redistribution experiments.
Behçet Disease and the HLA System
Authors: Takano M. , Miyajima T. , Kiuchi M. , Ohmori K. , Amemiya H. , Yokoyama T. , Hashizume H. , Iwasaki Y. , Okamoto S. , Sato H.
Published: July 2010

Seventy‐three unrelated patients with Behçet disease together with 33 members of seven families with at least two patients per family were tissue typed for 26 antigens of the HLA system. The patients with the complete type of Behçet disease were found to have HLA‐B5 more significanth than healthy individuals. Family studies suggest that the genes closely linked to HLA locus influence the degree of severity of Behçet disease.
HLA Restriction of non‐HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐D Cell Mediated Lympholysis (CML)
Authors: Goulmy E. , Termijtelen A. , Bradley B.A. , van Rood J.J.
Published: July 2010

The aim of our study was to define target determinants other than those coded for by the classical HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C or ‐D loci which were responsible for killing in CML. In one of the families studied, strong evidence was found for the existence of a determinant coded for within the HLA region. CML was restricted to targets carrying the classical HLA‐Bw35 and Cw4 determinants but the targets were neither HLA‐Bw35 nor Cw4 themselves. We therefore concluded that this new HLA determinant was either the product of a new locus closely associated with HLA‐B or that it was a product of the classical HLA‐B locus which has not been recognized by serology.
Assay for Antibody Mediated Cytotoxicity of Mouse Spermatozoa by86Rubidium Release
Authors: Gable R. J. , Levinson J. R. , McDevitt H. O. , Goodfellow P. N.
Published: July 2010

The analysis of the antigenic structure of murine spermatozoa has been hampered by the lack of a convenient objective serological assay. Spermatozoa, in common with other cells, are capable of concentrating86rubidium. Antibody mediated complement dependent cytotoxicity of murine spermatozoa has been quantitated by measuring release of86rubidium from pre‐labeled spermatozoa. We have used this assay to study the murineT/tlocus.
Cross‐Reactions of HLA Antibodies: VII. Rate of Sensitization and Serological Specificity
Authors: Kostyu Donna D. , Bernard Nicole F. , Amos D. Bernard
Published: July 2010

Varying the sensitization time of the complement‐dependent antibody mediated cytotoxicity test, while carefully controlling other test conditions, has enabled us to characterize the subtle reactivities of several broadly reactive sera. In particular, we can discriminate between classes of cells, e.g., HLA‐B7 from B27; subclasses of cells, e.g., Bw51 from Bw52; and cells carrying new antigens, e.g., Ao79.

This manipulation of the cytotoxicity test is discussed in view of its usefulness in separating primary from cross‐reactive specificities and in detecting new specificities.
HLA Compatibility in Couples with Children Suffering from Acute Leukemia or Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Werner‐Favre Ch. , Jeannet M.
Published: July 2010

The frequency of common HLA‐A and ‐B antigens was determined in 30 couples having a child with acute leukemia (AL), 34 couples having a child with aplastic anemia (AA) and 58 random couples with healthy children. An increased frequency of couples sharing at least two common antigens was observed in parents of both AL and AA children.
Polymorphism of the BoLA System
Authors: Caldwell J.
Published: July 2010

The bovine lymphocyte antigen system (BoLA) was studied by serological methods. Evidence for the existence of one locus was established and six codominant alleles were found to segregate at this first locus. The frequency varied considerably among these genes, and the presence of a null allele suggests that new BoLA specificities are likely to be found in the cattle population.
HLA Determinants in Idiopathic Hemochromatosis
Authors: Fauchet R. , Genetet N. , Genetet B. , Simon M. , Bourel M.
Published: July 2010

HLA—A and B antigens were defined in 154 unrelated idiopathic hemochromatosis patients. The study confirmed the highly significant positive association with HLA antigens A3 (corrected P < 10−10) and B14 (corrected P < 10−9). HLA—DR typing showed increased frequency of the specificity DRw6, which was frequently associated with the phenotype A3, B14 and antigen B14, suggesting linkage disequilibrium. This was borne out by PLT data.
Further Evidence for Independent Segregation of the HLA System and a Structural Gene for the Sixth Component of Complement (C6)
Authors: Kagan Elliott , Maier Gunthilt M. G. , Nurse George T. , Miller Klara , Rabson Arthur R.
Published: July 2010

Previous studies have shown conflicting results with respect to the relationship between C6 deficiency and the HLA system. The present investigation of two kinships, in which C6 deficiency was associated with the expression of an amorphic (or silent) C6 allele, has provided further evidence for the genetic independence of a structural C6 locus and the HLA system.
On the Heterogeneity of B40
Authors: Schreuder Ieke , Nagtegaal‐Bos Alie
Published: July 2010

Evidence is presented for the heterogeneity of HLA‐B40. At least two sub‐groups can be recognized: Bw40.1 which is Cw3 associated and Bw40.2 which is Cw2 associated in Caucasians, but not in other populations. The recognition of Bw41 (Sabell), Bw47 (407*), and Bw48 (KSO) with both local Bw40 antisera and sera from the 7th Histocompatibility Workshop is discussed.
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Indirect Immuno‐fluorescent H‐2 Stain on Tissue Sections
Authors: Saunders David A. , Beals Theodore F. , Schultz Jane S.
Published: July 2010

We have utilized H—2 specific antisera from congenic resistant donor recipient combinations to localize H—2 antigens in tissue sections using the indirect immunofluorescent technique. H—2 specific immunofluorescence is observed in spleen, kidney, and liver sections: however, especially with liver sections, there are cases in which the expected specific stain is weak or absent. In addition to microscopic evaluation by eye, we have employed a microscope attached photometer; recordings from this instrument differentiate positive from control stained spleen sections.
The Immune Response to Vasectomy and its Relation to the HLA System
Authors: Law Hai Yang , Bodmer W.F. , Mathews J.D. , Skegg D.C.G.
Published: July 2010

We examined 188 men who had undergone vasectomy up to 6 years previously and, for comparative purposes, 100 men who were about to undergo the operation. Blood specimens were available from a total of 283 men.

Sperm antibody assays using immunofluorescence, microagglutination, and microimmobilization confirmed that the prevalance of several types of antibody is higher after vasectomy. Immobilizing and agglutinating antibodies appeared to be the most important. Trends in antibody prevalence according to the time after the operation were analyzed. Screening against lymphocytes and lymphoid lines showed that the anti‐sperm activity of sera was not related to anti‐HLA or anti‐Ia activity. Associations were examined between different types of sperm antibody, and between these antibodies and autoantibodies to other antigens.

When antibody prevalence was studied in relation to HLA types, the HLA antigen A28 was found to be strongly associated with production of head agglutinating antibody (and immobilizing and immunofluorescent equatorial antibodies) after vasectomy. This is one of the first clear‐cut examples of antibody production associated with the HLA system.
Identification of an Antigen Shared by Mouse Liver and Lung
Authors: Silver Donald M.
Published: July 2010

In response to multiple injections of liver extract from Balb/c mice, DBA/1 mice produce antibodies against a component of the liver preparation which is not F‐antigen, but which is able to precipitate in gel diffusion tests. This antigen is also found in extracts of Balb/c lung, but not in a variety of other organs tested. Liver extracts from all of the inbred strains studied contain the antigen, except extracts from DBA/1 mice. Furthermore, this antigen was not found in the liver or lungs of other vertebrates tested. The antigen has been designated antigen‐L1.
HLA Markers in Six Lebanese Religious Subpopulations
Authors: Serre Jean‐Louis , Lefranc Géard , Loiselet Jacques , Jacquard Albert
Published: July 2010

A total of 315 normal, unrelated individuals from six of the seven principal religious communities of Lebanon have been typed for 26 alleles of the A and B loci. The gene, haplotype frequencies and Δ values have been calculated.

The HLA gene frequencies for loci A and B reported in this study are shown to cross Moslim— Christian lines, but generate a distinguishably different profile for the Armenian immigrant subpopulation.

This first‐level homogeneity which is inconsistent with results earlier reported for ABO, rhesus and Gm systems, seems to disappear when linkage disequilibrium deltas are compared.
Some Structural Properties of Thymus Leukemia Antigen (TL) Solubilized with Detergent1
Authors: Pickering Jerry W. , Wolcott Michael
Published: July 2010

Plasma membranes were isolated from the leukemia cell line ASL1w and extracted with detergent (DOC). DOC solubilized more TL activity than could be detected on isolated membranes. However, extraction of membranes with LDS or EDTA solubilized only 17% and 4%, respectively, of the activity. This indicated that TL was not loosely associated with the membrane but rather was integrated into the lipid bilayer. At low concentrations of DOC (0.05%), TL was found to be largely aggregated and was also prone to autolysis. Neither aggregation nor autolysis was observed at a higher DOC concentration (0.5%). The apparent molecular weight of TL in 0.5% DOC was determined by Sephadex G‐200 chromatography to be about 65,000–70,000. Digestion of a 0.5% DOC extract of TL with either papain or trypsin produced a fragment of TL of about 35,000 molecular weight. These fragments were similar in size to a fragment produced by autolysis. These data suggested that a region of the TL molecule was very prone to proteolytic attack. The 35,000 molecular weight proteolytic fragments bound specifically to lentil lectin affinity columns, which indicated that they retained at least part of the carbohydrate present on the native molecule.
Theoretical Considerations on HLA‐Associated Illness‐Susceptibility Genes in Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Psoriasis
Authors: Karvonen Jaakko , Reunala Timo , Lokki Juhani , Tiilikainen Anja , Lassus Allan
Published: July 2010

The frequency of an HLA‐associated illness‐susceptibility (Is) gene can be estimated by a simple equation: the frequency of the Is gene is equal to the prevalence of the disease in the population divided by the penetrance of the illness in first‐degree relatives with the HLA marker antigen, with the quotient further divided by two. This equation is valid if the gene is dominant and its gene frequency is low.

An analysis of HLA data of 61 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) showed that the HLA‐associated DH susceptibility gene is obviously dominant. The frequency of this DH susceptibility gene was estimated to be at least 0.0005 and the frequency of psoriasis susceptibility gene about 0.02 in Finland.
False Negative HLA—DR Assignment of Necrokidney Donors. A Glucocorticoid Effect?
Authors: Madsen Melvin
Published: July 2010

Thirteen potential necrokidney donors were HLA—DR typed using peripheral blood B lymphocytes (PBBL). Antigen assignment was impossible in 10 cases because of non‐reactivity of the PBBL with the HLA—DR testserum set, in some of the cases in spite of positive reactions with a positive control xenogeneic anti‐human B cell antiserum. In five of these 10 donors, HLA—DR typing was also performed on B lymphocytes isolated from the spleens, and in all five cases strong specific reactions were obtained, allowing reliable antigen assignment. Evidence is provided that the negative serum reactions with the five donors' PBBL were “falsely negative”. It is suggested that glucocorticoid treatment prior to blood sampling for HLA—DR typing may be responsible for the phenomenon.
Preparation of Liposomes Incorporating Membrane Components from Human Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Acuto Oreste , Pugliese Orsola , Müller Martin , Tosi Roberto
Published: July 2010

A procedure for the preparation of liposomes incorporating membrane components of human lymphoid cells is described, whereby the detergent used to solubilize the plasma membrane is almost completely eliminated. MHC products HLA—A—B—C and DR molecules were shown to be incorporated into the liposomes and their antigenic determinants to be exposed on the outer surface. A protein‐rich liposomal fraction could be separated from both protein‐free liposomes and from aggregates. This preparation may be suitable for testing the functions of cell membrane components in biological assay systems.
HLA—Dw Antigens in Unrelated Juvenile, Insulin‐Dependent Diabetics
Authors: Barbosa J. , Chern M. M. , Reinsmoen N. , Noreen H. , Ramsey R. , Greenberg L.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐one unrelated juvenile, insulin‐dependent diabetics have been HLA tissue typed for A, B and Dw anitgens and compared with a normal control population. We have found statistically significant increases in the frequencies of B8, B18, and Dw3, and significant decrements in the frequencies of B7, B12 and Dw2. The log‐linear modeling technique was used to study the association of JIDD with Dw3 and B8 antigens. We confirmed that the B8 excess seen in diabetics is secondary to the excess of Dw3. The decrements of B7, B12 and Dw2 could reflect an association of these antigens with a protective factor for the disease, or could be due to an artifact. The latter possibility was excluded for B7 and Dw2 by adjusting for the excess antigen frequencies.

These findings suggest that the associations between the HLA and diabetes are compatible with the existence of genes which are concerned with the pathogenesis of the disease and are closely associated with the D locus of the major histocompatibility system.
Workshop on the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Authors: Grayston J. Thomas , Payne Fred J.
Published: July 2010

A workshop, sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, on the use of histocompatibility phenotype as a variable in epidemiologic studies of infectious diseases was held in Bethesda, Maryland on March 2 and 3, 1978. The Workshop chairman was J. Thomas Grayston and the group chairmen and rapporteurs were John E. Craighead, R. Gordon Douglas, David T. Karzon, Wilma B. Bias, W. Paul Glezen and Andre J. Nahmias. Those presenting were D. Bernard Amos, Rene R. P. de Vries, Robert Elston, William D. Hillis, Jogn B. Robbins, Pablo Rubenstein, Julius Schachter, Paul I. Terasaki, Jon J. van Rood and Edmond J. Yunis. Other participants included E. Russell Alexander, Philip S. Brachman, Mary J. Carter, Richard G. Cornell. John R. David, Earl L. Diamond, Roger Detels, David Drutz, Bo Dupont, King K. Holmes, Adel Mahmoud, William H. Marine, Robert W. McCollum, Kenneth McIntosh, Max R. Mickey, Arnold S. Monto, John N. Neff, Roger D. Rossen and Donovon J. Thompson. The organizing committee consisted of David W. Alling, Carl Cohen, George T. Curlin, Raphael Dolin, Bernard W. Janicki, Albert Z. Kapikian, Eric A. Ottesen, Fred J. Payne, and Ethan M. Shevach.
Freeze Dried Platelets for HLA Alloantibodies Absorption
Authors: Prou O. , Kaplan C. , Muller J. Y.
Published: July 2010

Antibodies to HLA–A and B are specifically absorbed onto platelets. A method of absorption of these antibodies using freeze dried platelets is described. This method allows long‐term storage and standardized absorption procedures. Anti‐DR antibodies and cold lymphocytotoxins are recovered in the supernatant.
Anti‐HLA Specificity Determined by Serum Absorption with Antigen‐Masked Lymphocytes
Authors: Whitacre Lynn R. , Nathan Paul
Published: July 2010

Lymphocyte or platelet absorption of multispecific sera is frequently used to establish HLA antibody specificity. Absorption of such sera with cells containing the desired antigenic combinations is often limited by the availability and the HLA characteristics of fresh or frozen cell panels. The method described permits improved absorption of specific HLA antibody with a preparation of cells containing a predetermined single HLA antigen. The procedure involves the screening of the patient's active sera against a panel of frozen cells. Analysis of the positive and negative reactions allows tentative assessment of recipient serum specificities. Cells with a single available HLA antigen type are prepared for serum absorption by suspending the cells in selected antisera to block (mask) HLA surface antigens while leaving just one type of antigen free for monospecific absorption. Following absorption of the test serum with the masked cells, the absorbed serum is then retested against the original panel of frozen cells. Should the results of this screen show a loss of a single HLA activity, the suspected specificity is assigned to the recipient's serum. The use of HLA antigen‐masked lymphocytes has proven useful in the definition of HLA antibody specificity.
HLA Structure and Function: A Contemporary View
Authors: Bodmer W. F.
Published: July 2010

The HLA and H‐2 genetic maps are aligned optimally if HLA‐A corresponds to H‐2K, in which case the position of all the other markers, except these, corresponds. The two sequences could be related by a double inversion, an intra‐chromosomal double crossover, or differential expression of different parts of the regions in the two species. The coding regions of DNA are probably arranged into non‐contiguous pieces, which may correspond to defined domains of the HLA protein products. Serological data suggest an ABC common region which codes for a piece common to the HLA‐A,B and C products and raises the question of control of expression over relatively long distances. Trophoblasts and so choriocarcinomas do not express HLA‐A,B,C on their surface and this may explain why the fetus survives as an allograft and why HLA incompatibility does not affect choriocarcinomas. The lack of expression of HLA‐A,B,C on some tumors may be a change that is selected for during tumor progression to escape from T cell mediated immune attack. The mouse H‐2 I‐A region probably corresponds to the neighborhood of HLA‐DR, while the apparent heterogeneity of the HLA‐DR products may be explained by the existence of two or more sets of products homologous to I‐A and I‐E/C. HLA‐A,B,C and DR products may behave like complement components on the cell surface in relation to the T‐cell receptor. This suggestion has interesting implications for the function of the T‐cell receptor, the nature of antigen specific factors and their role in autoimmune disease. The HLA region as a whole may code for up to 150 peptides of the approximate size of the HLA‐A,B and C products.
Type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia segregates independently of Ss and Duffy systems and the A, B, C, factor B, C2 and C4 loci of the HLA complex
Authors: TONGIO M. M. , LUTZ P. , HAUPTMANN G. , RODIER L. , LEWY J.‐M. , MAYER S. , CAZENAVE J.‐P.
Published: July 2010

Two patients with type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and 20 kindred of these patients belonging to 2 families of the Manouches gipsy tribe have been studied. Quantitative measurements of platelet membrane glycoproteins GP IIb and GP IIIa have made it possible to classify the patients into normal, thrombasthenic or carriers of the thrombasthenic abnormality. We have examined several red cell alloantigens and antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. These studies have shown that: 1) type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GP IIb and IIIa abnormality) segregates independently of Ss and Fy systems and the A, B, C, Bf, C2 and C4 loci of the HLA complex; 2) a rare hemolytically inactive C4 variant segregates in these families but is not associated with the GP IIb and IIIa abnormality.
HLA haplotype study of 53 juvenile insulin‐dependent diabetic (I.D.D.) families
Authors: Contu Liciano , Deschamps Inceborg , Lestradet Henri , Hors Jacques , Schmid Michel , Busson Marc , Benajam Alain , Marcelli‐Barge Aline , Dausset Jean
Published: July 2010

Fifty‐three families with at least one IDD patient were genotyped for 5 markers of the HLA complex including Bf and DR. In 8 families one of the parents was also affected and in 12 families more than two children were diseased. In total, 76 patients were genotyped. Their haplotypes were compared with those of 106 unrelated controls (the parents of 53 genotyped families).

Three haplotypes or segments of them (A2, Cw3, B15, BfS, DR4; Aw30, Cw5, B18, BfF I, DR3; and Al, Cw7, B8, BfS, DR3) were found more frequently in IDD patients.

Measured by the 6 formula, the association of the postulated IDD susceptibility gene was very strong with the D‐end of two of these haplotypes: BfF1, DR3 and BfS, DR4. However, the association was weak with the DR3 of the haplotype Al, Cw7, B8, BfS, DR3.

An excess of HLA‐identical affected siblings was found.

An excess of DR3/DR4 heterozygotes was observed. By contrast, the observed frequency of patients homozygous for DR3 or DR4 was not increased, but even slightly decreased.

The data support a model of inheritance comprising at least two closely linked specifically “diabetic” loci (most of the time marked by B18, BfFl, DR3 and B15, BfS, DR4) and a non‐specifically “diabetic” haplotype favouring auto‐immunisation (most of the time marked by B8, BfS, DR3). This model is discussed in the light of the presented data and of those of the literature.
HLA monoclonal antibody registry: a proposal
Authors: COLOMBANI J. , DAUSSET J. , LEPAGE V. , DEGOS L. , KALIL J. , FELLOUS M.
Published: July 2010

A review of the literature and discussions at the preliminary meeting of the 9th International Histocompatibility Workshop (Munich, March 1982) have highlighted the growing importance of HLA monoclonal antibodies (McAb) for immunogenetic, biochemical and functional studies. Thus it would seem necessary to establish a registry to provide permanent information on the subject.
Frequency and prognostic value of HLA antigens in osteosarcoma patients
Authors: TABACCHI PIERLUIGI , CHIRICOLO MARIELLA , CENCI MARINELLA , BARBONI FRANCESCO , MANFRINI MARCO , BACCI GAETANO , PICCI PIERO , CAMPANACCI MARIO , LICASTRO FEDERICO , FRANCECHI CLAUDIO
Published: July 2010

A homogeneous group of 53 Caucasian subjects with high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS) was typed for HLA‐A and B locus antigens. Although no significant differences in the distribution of these antigens were found in comparison with 425 local controls, a trend towards an increase of HLA‐B18 and decrease of HLA‐B21 was observed. All the patients underwent amputation plus adjuvant chemotherapy and among the 29 patients with a follow‐up longer than one year, 9 out of 10 subjects with HLA‐A3 antigens developed metastases within a few months. None of the OS patients had the HLA‐A3, B7 haplotype which is present in linkage‐disequilibrium in the control population.
HLA associations in Italian and non‐Italian Caucasoid aplastic anaemia patients*
Authors: D'amaro J. , van Rood J. J. , Rimm A. A. , Bortin M. M.
Published: July 2010

A reassessment of HLA‐A and B antigen associations in patients with severe aplastic anaemia confirmed the significantly elevated frequency of HLA‐A2 in Caucasoid patients reported by Albert et al. (1976). In addition, a highly significant increase in the frequency of HLA‐B14 in Italian patients was observed in an initial sample of 25 patients and confirmed in a second sample of 16 patients. This latter finding was cancelled out when the Italian Caucasoid patients were pooled with the non‐Italian Caucasoid patients. These results suggest that the classification of populations as “Caucasoids”, without examining their ethnic origins, may introduce a serious confounding error into HLA and disease studies.
Human influenza virus‐specific T helper cell clones can be restricted by MHC products different from serologically defined HLA—DR antigens
Authors: Fleischer Bernhard
Published: July 2010

Clones of human influenza A virus‐specific T lymphocytes were generated by limiting dilution after several in vitro stimulations with autologous influenza A/USSR virus‐infected cells. The clones were expanded in T cell growth factor and then grown only in the presence of antigen and irradiated stimulator cells. The clones showed antigen specificity in that they were stimulated only by cells infected with influenza A virus, but not with influenza B virus; some clones even showed distinct reactivity patterns with several influenza A virus subtypes. All clones had the OKT 3+4+8‐ phenotype. Analysis of the restriction elements for the recognition of viral antigens, demonstrated that most clones recognized antigens associated with but not identical to serologically defined HLA—DR specificities. From the recognition pattern with HLA—DR typed donors, three different restricting antigens could be demonstrated.
HLA‐AB and ‐DR types in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM)
Authors: Ythier Arnaud , Moreau Jean‐Franclois , Peyrat Marie‐Alix , Bignon Jean‐Denis , Soulillou Jean‐Paul
Published: July 2010

The frequency of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR antigens in 48 infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients was studied and the antigen frequencies were compared with those of a local panel. The resulting data do not confirm the association of IM and HLA‐B35 as reported in a previous work.

A high and significant frequency of blank HLA‐DR phenotypes was noticed in the IM population during the acute phase, but HLA‐DR phenotypic expression was restored after recovery. This lack of expression could be the result of modified HLA‐DR expression on circulating EBV infected B lymphocytes.
Studies of random Black and White populations in North Carolina
Authors: Reisner E. G. , Dawson D. V. , Ciftan E. A. , Heise E.
Published: July 2010

As HLA testing is becoming a major vehicle for parentage determination with non‐excluded, alleged fathers being compared to their racial peers, it is important to ensure that the population data used accurately reflect the genetic profile of the region from which the alleged fathers are drawn. This paper presents data on the HLA profile of Black and White residents of North Carolina. Significant differences were observed for certain antigens when the North Carolina data were compared to nationally derived population tables. Differences were observed for B7 (increase) and Bw16 (decrease) in Whites and A10 (decrease), B7 (increase) and Bw42 (decrease) in Blacks. Internal controls comparing the testing from the two participating centers showed complete agreement for White persons, but a significant difference for B5 between the two Black populations.
Study of HLA antigens in familial and sporadic rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Khan M. A. , Kammer G. , Dejelo C. L. , Kushner I. , Braun W. E. , Ballou S. P.
Published: July 2010

Patients with familial and non‐familial (sporadic) forms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied to investigate possible HLA heterogeneity. HLA‐DR4 was present in 75% of familial and 59% of sporadic RA patients. The frequency distribution of A2, B8, B27, Cw3 and DR3 differed somewhat between the two groups; however, the differences were not statistically significant in this small group of patients. Studies of a larger number of patients are indicated to explore the possibility of genetic subgroups in RA.
HLA‐A, B and C markers in the Portuguese population
Authors: Carvalho A. Silva
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of most HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C alleles known at present were determined in a random sample which is considered to be representative of the Portuguese population. Its most distinctive paii wise gametic associations are also presented.
Investigation of the mode of inheritance of the HLA associated diseases by the method of antigen genotype frequencies among diseased individuals
Authors: Thomson Glenys
Published: July 2010

Statistical features of the method of antigen genotype frequencies among the diseased, for single and multiple disease associations at a locus, will be presented. A methodology to determine when a true intermediate mode of inheritance can be distinguished from strict recessive or additive inheritance will be developed. The effect of sporadics and ascertainment bias on the observed antigen genotype frequencies will be investigated. Data on ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis and dermatitis herpetiformis are very close to expectations for an additive (or dominant) mode of inheritance for the HLA‐linked disease‐predisposing gene, and data on hemochromatosis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and celiac disease are close to recessive expectations. If an intermediate model does apply in any of these cases, it must be an intermediate model that is fairly close to a strict recessive or dominant model, as appropriate. DR data for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) strongly indicate that there are two separate “disease” alleles, which exhibit negative complementation, predisposing individuals to IDDM, where the mode of inheritance of the “disease” alleles considered separately is close to recessive. In general, this method cannot rule out the existence of sporadics or a second disease‐predisposing gene, when the penetrance values over the two disease‐predisposing genes are strictly additive, for diseases showing agreement with additive (or dominant) modes of inheritance.
Association of IgA deficiency with HLA A28 and B14
Authors: COBAIN T.J , FRENCH M.A.H , CHRISTIANSEN F.T , DAWKINS R.L
Published: July 2010

HLA typing was performed in two groups of individuals with low serum IgA concentrations. These consisted of 44 individuals identified from a blood donor clinic and 37 individuals attending an Immunology clinic with disorders associated with IgA deficiency. Both groups showed an increase in the frequency of HLA B14 (P < 0.0001), HLA‐A28 (P= 0.0007) and the combinations HLA‐A1, B14 and HLA‐A28, B14. The previously reported increase in HLA‐A1, B8 was not apparent in either group. These data suggest that there is a gene within the human major histocompatibility complex which is relevant in IgA deficiency
Genetics of HLA‐associated disease; rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: KHAN M. A , KUSHNER I , WEITKAMP L. R
Published: July 2010

An association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the HLA antigen DR4 supports the view that genes in the HLA region are important in susceptibility to this disease. To further define the basis for genetic susceptibility to RA, we analyzed HLA haplotype sharing among affected and unaffected individuals in 29 multiple‐case families with definite or classic RA. We have observed a non‐random distribution of HLA haplotypes to unaffected as compared with affected offspring in sibships containing two or more affected individuals having 3 of 4 parental haplotypes. These data support the view that susceptibility to RA is determined, at least in part, by genes in the HLA region of chromosome 6.
A search for association of HLA antigens with paranoid schizophrenia: A9 appears as a possible marker
Authors: IVÁNYI P , DRÖES J , SCHREUDER G. M. TH , D'AMARO J , ROOD J. J. VAN
Published: July 2010

Sixty‐two Dutch patients with the diagnosis paranoid schizophrenia (SCH) were HLA‐A‐, ‐B‐ and ‐C‐typed. An increase in the frequencies of A9 (P= 0.02, relative risk 1.8) and B5 (P= 0.04, relative risk 1.9) was found. Although these correlations do not remain significant after correction for the number of antigens tested, both findings confirm other data from the literature, including the first published report from a population in Sweden. From all hitherto published literature data, the combined relative risks for A9 and B5 is significantly increased. These data strongly indicate that the distribution of HLA antigens among SCH patients is different from the control population.
Endemic HBV infection, tissue autoantibodies and HLA: Analysis of a Sardinian population
Authors: CARBONARA A , MAYR W , RIZZETTO M , CONTU L , CURTONI E. S , DEMARCHI M , FARCI P , LAVARINI C , OLIVETTI E
Published: July 2010

Serum samples of 405 HLA‐ typed individuals from four Sardinian villages were analyzed for HB virus markers and for tissue autoantibodies. Of the 59% individuals who had been exposed to HBV, 10% were healthy carriers; they showed a weak association with the HLA‐B40 specificity compared with the immune or non‐exposed groups, and a negative association of DR4, limited to females. Tissue auto‐antibodies were significantly associated with DR1 and more weakly with B14, probably through linkage disequilibrium.
A mouse monoclonal antibody detecting the allospecificity HLA‐A3
Authors: TRABACE S. , MAZZILLI M. C. , CASCINO I. , LULLI P. , PORRINI S. COSTANZI , GANDINI E.
Published: July 2010

Balb/c mice were immunized with a human B‐lymphoblastoid cell line typed HLA‐A3, B7. The splenocytes of the immunized mice were fused with a murine myeloma. Supernatants of the cultures were screened against the immunizing cell line in fluorochromasia. Positive cultures were expanded and cloned. One of the clones, X 15.4, was expanded and brought to ascites in Balb/c mice. Monoclonality of the antibody X 15.4, which belongs to the class IgM and immunoprecipites a molecule of 44000 daltons, was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. By complement dependent citotoxicity the ascites only reacted with the lymphocytes of all HLA‐A3 individuals from a panel of 146 donors, showing no crossreactions. X 15.4 appears to be one of the very rare xenomonoclonal antibodies suitable for HLA typing.
Study of HLA system in a Mataco population:
Authors: VULLO C. M. , CELIS E. M. , SERRA H. M. , RIERA C. M.
Published: July 2010

A search for antigens of the HLA system has been carried out in 53 Mataco Indians of Argentina living in a geographically isolated area in the northeast of the country. Samples were mostly collected from adults of both sexes who were not directly related.

Lymphocyte typing was performed using the microcytotoxicity technique of NIH. 118 sera specific for 15 antigens of the first HLA locus, 22 antigens of the second and 6 of the third were used.

The most frequently found alleles were HLA‐A28, Aw31 and A2 for the first locus; B15 and B40 for the second; and Cw3 and Cw4 for the third.

In addition to previously published investigations on South American Indians, our typing work shows a remarkable homogeneous gene pool and a restricted range of polymorphism; therefore, a further set of haplotypes rendered us also restricted. The most frequent haplotypes that showed a significant statistical linkage desequilibrium were: A2‐Cw4, A28‐Bx, A2‐Cw3, Aw31‐Bw16, Aw24‐Cw3, B15‐Cw3, Bw16‐Cw3 and A28‐B5.

Some of these haplotypes have also been found in other indian populations.