bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security of attachment and trust beliefs in close others during middle childhood
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , Wicks Charlotte , Bathew Richelle
Published: June 2021

The study examined the relation between the security of attachment and trust beliefs in close others during middle childhood. In the study, 133 children (63 girls, Mage = 9.5 years) completed standardized measures of the security of attachment and three bases of trust beliefs in close others (reliability, honesty, and emotional). Correlational analyses showed that children's security of attachment was associated with emotional trust beliefs in close others only. A structural equation modelling analysis yielded a path between security of attachment and emotional trust beliefs in parents as a latent factor. In addition, there was a path between the latent factor and emotional trust beliefs in peers. Alternative models did not adequately fit the data. The findings were ascribed to the role of parent's emotional trustworthiness and children's mental state discourse in promoting the relation between children's security of attachment and their emotional trust beliefs in close others.
White‐Tailed Deer, Weather and Predation: a New Understanding of Winter Severity for Predicting Deer Mortality
Authors: Norton Andrew S. , Storm Daniel J. , Van Deelen Timothy R.
Published: June 2021

Variation in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortality during winter affects population growth in cold climates. Across the northern extent of their range, mortality increases with colder temperatures and snow. Few studies have examined the relationships between winter conditions and deer mortality, and no studies have concurrently studied this relationship for different ages of deer across multiple years and landscapes. We used recently developed cause‐specific mortality models to evaluate temporal and age‐class variation in deer mortality in farmland areas and compared to published results from forest areas in Wisconsin, USA, from 2011–2014. We then used temporally varying snow and temperature covariates to predict mortality trends using telemetry information from 860 deer. Cause‐specific mortality in the farmland varied by age and year, similar to results from previous research in the forest. Human‐related mortality was the leading cause of mortality in the farmland during most years and ranged from 4.3% to 10.3% for juveniles and 3.6% to 9.1% for adults from 2011–2014. Very little predation occurred in the farmland, and this differed from previous research in the forest where predation was the leading cause of mortality. During more severe winters (2013 and 2014), other mortality, usually associated with starvation, was the leading cause of mortality for juveniles in the farmland but not adults. In the forest, we found support for saturating effects of accumulated snow depth days >30.5 cm and accumulated temperature days >0°C on mortality. We also found support for the relationship of mortality with accumulated temperature days >0°C in the farmland but no relationship with snow depth. Deer tolerate sustained cold temperatures, but the timing of winter to spring transition is more important for deer survival in both forested and agricultural areas. In the absence of empirical survival information, managers can use our model to predict annual winter effects on deer survival, which can provide improved inference compared to traditional winter severity indices. Our results suggest changes in predator abundance may have minor influence on overwinter survival compared to winter weather. Based on mortality estimates from previous research, the highest predation rates on juvenile deer in the forest occurred when wolf (Canis lupus) counts were lowest and when wolf abundance was highest, juvenile deer predation rates were lowest. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Mallard–Black Duck Hybridization and Population Genetic Structure in North Carolina
Authors: Lawson Daniel M. , Williams Christopher K. , Lavretsky Philip , Howell Douglas L. , Fuller Joseph C.
Published: June 2021

North Carolina, USA, represents the southern extent of the American black duck's (Anas rubripes) breeding range. Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) are present on the breeding grounds of the American black duck and hybridization is observed between these species; therefore, we assessed the genetic integrity, hybridization rates, and population structure of this local breeding population. We extracted genomic and mitochondrial DNA from chorioallantoic membranes and contour feathers from monitored black duck nests. We then prepared the extracted DNA for analysis using high‐throughput DNA sequencing methods (ddRAD‐seq). First, we assessed nuclear and mitochondrial population structure, genetic diversity, and differentiation across samples from North Carolina, and compared them against 199 genetically vetted mallards, black ducks, and mallard × black duck hybrids that served as genetic references. Next, we tested for parentage and sibling relationship and overall relatedness of black ducks in North Carolina. We recovered strong population structure and high co‐ancestry across genetic markers due to interrelatedness among sampled nests in North Carolina and concluded that black ducks have been locally breeding in this area for a prolonged period of time. Despite a high level of interrelatedness among our samples, nucleotide diversity was similar to the reference continental black duck population, suggesting little effect of genetic drift, including inbreeding. Additionally, we conclude that molecular diversity of black ducks in North Carolina is maintained at reference population levels through the influx of genetic material from unrelated, migrating male black ducks. Finally, we report a hybridization level of 47.5%, covering 3 filial generations. Of identified hybrids, 54.7% and 53% were the direct result of interbreeding between black ducks and captive‐reared or wild mallards, respectively. We conclude that because of high rates of interspecific hybridization and successive backcrossing events, introgression from wild and feral mallards is occurring into this population of breeding black ducks and requires careful consideration in future management efforts. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Covalent SO Bonding Enables Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Cu2S/Fe2O3 Heterojunction for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Yuan , Zhu Shi‐Shi , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Xing , Wang Jian‐Jun , Braun Artur
Published: June 2021

The severe charge recombination and the sluggish kinetic for oxygen evolution reaction have largely limited the application of hematite (α‐Fe2O3) for water splitting. Herein, the construction of Cu2S/Fe2O3 heterojunction and discover that the formation of covalent SO bonds between Cu2S and Fe2O3 can significantly improve the photoelectrochemical performance and stability for water splitting is reported. Compared with bare Fe2O3, the heterostructure of Cu2S/Fe2O3 endows the resulting electrode with enhanced charge separation and transfer, extended range for light absorption, and reduced charge recombination rate. Additionally, due to the photothermal properties of Cu2S, the heterostructure exhibits locally a higher temperature under illumination, profitable for increasing the rate of oxygen evolution reaction. Consequently, the photocurrent density of the heterostructure is enhanced by 177% to be 1.19 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. This work may provide guideline for future in the design and fabrication of highly efficient photoelectrodes for various reactions.
Higgs flavor phenomenology in a supersymmetric left-right model with parity
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Kawamura Junichiro , Omura Yuji , Shigekami Yoshihiro
Published: June 2021

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on the supersymmetric model with left-right (LR) symmetry, that is especially proposed in our previous work [1]. In this model, there are four Higgs doublets in order to realize the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. The heavy Higgs doublets unavoidably have flavor changing couplings to the SM fermions and induce flavor-changing neutral currents at tree level. We study broader parameter space than the previous work with including the renormalization group corrections to the Yukawa couplings between the LR breaking scale, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1013) GeV, and the supersymmetry breaking scales, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) TeV. The CP violating observable in K–$$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

mixing, ϵK, strongly constrains the model, so that heavy Higgs mass should be heavier than $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) TeV. We study the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes setting heavy Higgs masses to be 170 TeV. The branching ratios of μ → 3e and the μ–e conversion can be larger than 10−16 that could be covered by the future experiments. We also study the degree of fine-tuning in the parameter region that predicts testable LFV processes.
Where we Come from and where to Go: Six Decades of Botanical Studies in the Mediterranean Wetlands, with Sardinia (Italy) as a Case Study
Authors: Cuena-Lombraña Alba , Fois Mauro , Cogoni Annalena , Bacchetta Gianluigi
Published: June 2021

Plants are key elements of wetlands due to their evolutionary strategies for coping with life in a water-saturated environment, providing the basis for supporting nearly all wetland biota and habitat structure for other taxonomic groups. Sardinia, the second largest island of the Mediterranean Basin, hosts a great variety of wetlands, of which 16 are included in eight Ramsar sites. The 119 hydro- and hygrophilous vascular plant taxa from Sardinia represent the 42.6% and 37.9% of the number estimated for Italy and Europe, respectively. Moreover, around 30% of Sardinia’s bryological flora, which is made up of 498 taxa, is present in temporary ponds. An overview at regional scale considering algae is not available, to our knowledge, even though several specific studies have contributed to their knowledge. In order to find the most investigated research themes and wetland types, identify knowledge gaps and suggest recommendations for further research, we present a first attempt to outline the work that has been hitherto done on plants in lentic habitats in Sardinia. Three plant groups (algae, bryophytes and vascular plants), and five research themes (conservation, ecology, inventory, palaeobotany and taxonomy) were considered. After a literature review, we retained 202 papers published from 1960 to 2019. We found that studies on vascular plants, as plant group, were disproportionately more numerous, and inventories and ecology were the most investigated research themes. Although efforts have recently been made to fill these long-lasting gaps, there is a need for updating the existing information through innovative methods and integrative approaches.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Laplacian Twin Support Vector Machine for Semi-supervised Classification
Authors: Zhou Jia-Bin , Bai Yan-Qin , Guo Yan-Ru , Lin Hai-Xiang
Published: June 2021

In general, data contain noises which come from faulty instruments, flawed measurements or faulty communication. Learning with data in the context of classification or regression is inevitably affected by noises in the data. In order to remove or greatly reduce the impact of noises, we introduce the ideas of fuzzy membership functions and the Laplacian twin support vector machine (Lap-TSVM). A formulation of the linear intuitionistic fuzzy Laplacian twin support vector machine (IFLap-TSVM) is presented. Moreover, we extend the linear IFLap-TSVM to the nonlinear case by kernel function. The proposed IFLap-TSVM resolves the negative impact of noises and outliers by using fuzzy membership functions and is a more accurate reasonable classifier by using the geometric distribution information of labeled data and unlabeled data based on manifold regularization. Experiments with constructed artificial datasets, several UCI benchmark datasets and MNIST dataset show that the IFLap-TSVM has better classification accuracy than other state-of-the-art twin support vector machine (TSVM), intuitionistic fuzzy twin support vector machine (IFTSVM) and Lap-TSVM.
Resist or Adapt? A Narrative Analysis of Endeavors for Belonging Among Young Adults with Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Problems
Authors: Semb Randi , Sælør Knut Tore , Borg Marit
Published: June 2021

The article explores how young adults with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems experience and describe their own and others’ contributions to their sense of community belonging. This article is part of a larger qualitative interview study of young adults. The data for this report were the individual interviews with two study participants. These participants were chosen because they offered in-depth understandings relating to various aspects of community belonging. A thematic narrative analysis of the interview data was carried out. Central to this model of analysis is to transform unstructured qualitative interview data into a unified narrative for each participant, structured around a thematic plot. The analysis revealed two plots: ‘Having to go against yourself to be an insider', and ‘You have to realize that you have problems and try to do something about them'. We interpreted the first narrative as an expression of marginalized people feeling they deserve recognition from society, while the second narrative reflected the idea that each person has a personal responsibility for being valued. We conclude that the narratives expressed the importance of helping young adults to place their lived experiences in a larger social context.
Using the Appropriate Formula for QT Measurement Can Save Lives
Authors: Al-Tweigeri Taher , Dent Susan , Al Sayed Adher , Mohty Dania , Suleman Kausar , Ajarim Dahish , Raef Hussein , Echahidi Najmeddine
Published: June 2021

CDK 4/6 inhibitors, in combination with endocrine therapy, are the standard of care for patients with endocrine- sensitive advanced breast cancer. This class of drug, however, is associated with QT prolongation, which serves as a surrogate marker for Torsades de Pointes (TdP), a cause of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The ICH E14 guidance document uses the Bazett formula for reporting of cardio-dynamic and safety ECG data in clinical trials. While there is substantial familiarity with the Bazett (QTcB) formula (QT/(RR) 1/2), the Fridericia (QTcF) formula (QT/(RR) 1/3) is preferred in the cancer population as it is often more accurate at heart rate extreme. Accordingly, the Fridericia formula is currently the standard adopted by the FDA when submitting QT data for review. At the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, a total of 82 patients with advanced breast cancer, had a baseline ECG on day 1 before the initiation of ribociclib based therapy. Of the enrolled 82 patients, 19 (23%) were initially excluded from receiving ribociclib based due to a prolonged QTc >450ms, however, when the QTc-interval was manually measured and recalculated using Fridericia and Framingham formulae using MDCalC (https//:www.mdcalc.com),17 of 19 patients successfully received their treatment without any arrhythmogenic effects. Repeat ECG on day14, and day 1 of cycle 2 demonstrated that none of these patients had QTc exceeding 480 ms. Our data highlights the complexities of evaluating the QT interval in oncology patients and the utility of the Fridericia/Fra- mingham formulae in this population. Given these findings, we recommend the adoption of the Fridericia or Framingham formulae for measurement of QTc in all cancer patients exposed to potentially QT-prolonging cancer therapy.
Explaining German Economic Modernization: The French Revolution, Prussian Reforms, and the Inevitable Continuity of Change
Authors: Kopsidis Michael , Bromley Daniel W.
Published: June 2021

The centuries-long path to German industrialization must be understood as a gradual institutional evolution in response to new circumstances, new opportunities, and new scarcities. Efforts to identify a single deus ex machina—whether Napoleon, Prussian reformers, or some other exogenous driver—do not lead to convincing results. Gradualism offers a plausible account of how a market economy and capitalism took root in German society. Only those German regions that had successfully launched gradual institutional reforms in the eighteenth century were well situated, by the early years of the nineteenth century, to move quickly to an identifiable market economy. Against this background we discuss the role of Prussia and Napoleon in modernizing the institutional framework of the German economy. The Prussian model of agrarian reforms and economic freedom represents a profound event in the history of economic development. A comparable strategic approach was absent in all French-controlled territories before or after 1815. Prussian reformers were the first in history to embrace a multi-sectoral strategy of rural development, enabling them to successfully combine growth with equity.
The perspectives of stroke survivors and health professionals on the use of augmented reality for inpatient stroke rehabilitation: an anticipatory exploration
Authors: Gorman Cassandra , Gustafsson Louise , Gomura Carly
Published: June 2021

Background:

Augmented reality is a novel technology with potential to overlay aspects or objects from the home environment into hospital-based training, which may increase relevance and motivation for hospital-based rehabilitation. Consultation with people with lived experience and clinician stakeholders is an important step when exploring possibilities for use of new technology in the hospital environment.

Aims:

This study sought to understand the need and acceptability of augmented reality from the perspectives of health professionals and stroke survivors during inpatient stroke rehabilitation.

Methods:

This qualitative descriptive study included stroke survivors (n = 4) and health professionals (n = 10) from a large metropolitan hospital. Data collection was undertaken via focus groups which were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Inductive content analysis revealed three themes: everything is computerised these days; the possibilities are endless…but what about?; and bringing the outside into the hospital. Participants were open to the use of augmented reality for stroke rehabilitation; however there was uncertainty with pragmatic concerns and stroke survivors describing possible applications in building confidence and self-efficacy, and sharing experiences to enhance caregivers understanding.

Conclusion:

This research identified that there is potential acceptability for augmented reality in stroke rehabilitation. The needs identified by the participants may inform development of current and future technology.
An unexpected characteristic of tournament predictive power
Authors: Wapner Leonard M.
Published: June 2021

A tournament is a series of games (matches) among competitors for an overall prize. Beyond sporting events, tournament structure can relate to elections, applicants competing for an employment position, etc. Tournament structure also exists within certain species of birds and mammals where dominance relations develop, forming a tournament-like pecking structure [1]. The format of the tournament depends on the tournament’s objective giving consideration to time, financial, geographical, and other constraints. The two most common formats where players compete pairwise are the single elimination (knockout, sudden death) tournament and the round robin tournament. Our discussion includes both. A third popular format is that of a contest, where all players perform simultaneously only once. Examples of this type include most golf tournaments as well as track and field athletic events. A detailed analysis of contests as they relate to topics discussed here is given in [2].
A group of Pythagorean triples using the inradius
Authors: Sporn Howard
Published: June 2021

Pythagorean triples are triples of integers (a, b, c) satisfying the equation a2 + b2 = c2. For the purpose of this paper, we will take a, b and c to be positive, unless otherwise stated. Then, of course, it follows that a triple represents the lengths of sides of a right triangle. Also, for the purpose of this paper, we will consider the triples (a, b, c) and (b, a, c) to be distinct, even though they represent the same right triangle. A primitive Pythagorean triple is one for which a, b and c are relatively prime.
Emotion perception and theory of mind in adolescents with major depression
Authors: Dror Chen , Portnoy Victor , Dayan-Rosenblum Shomrit , Gvion Yari , Bloch Yuval , Boyle Dennis , Maoz Hagai
Published: June 2021

Background:

The research of theory of mind (ToM) and emotion perception (EP) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) is scarce, and no study to date has investigated the association between EP and long-term outcomes of adolescents with MDD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate ToM and EP in adolescents with MDD, as compared to healthy controls (HCs). In addition, we aimed to assess the association between impairment in ToM and EP, depressive symptom severity, and long-term outcome in the MDD group.

Methods:

We compared the performance of 14 adolescents with MDD and 25 HC in the Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT) and the Interpersonal Perception Task. We followed up with the MDD group 2 years later to assess the level of their depressive symptoms using the Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised (CDRS-R).

Results:

No differences were found between adolescents with MDD and HC in the ToM and FERT tasks. Also, within the MDD group, there was no association between the severity of depressive symptoms and task performance. In the MDD group, there was a significant correlation between lower levels of accuracy in the FERT during the index depressive episode and lower CDRS-R scores on follow-up 2 years later (r2 = 0.35, p = 0.021).

Conclusions:

EP impairments in adolescents with MDD might predict worse long-term outcome. Further research is needed to verify our findings and to assess for a possible neurobiological underpinning for the state and trait impairments in EP in adolescents with MDD.
Effects of folic acid and cobalt sulphate supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein calves
Authors: Liu Yongjia , Zhang Jing , Wang Cong , Liu Qiang , Guo Gang , Huo Wenjie , Chen Lei , Zhang Yanli , Pei Caixia , Zhang Shuanlin
Published: June 2021

To investigate the influences of cobalt (Co) and folic acid (FA) on growth performance and rumen fermentation, Holstein male calves (n 40) were randomly assigned to four groups according to their body weights. Cobalt sulphate at 0 or 0·11 mg Co/kg DM and FA at 0 or 7·2 mg/kg DM were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Average daily gain was elevated with FA or Co supplementation, but the elevation was greater for supplementing Co in diets without FA than with FA. Supplementing FA or Co increased DM intake and total-tract nutrient digestibility. Rumen pH was unaltered with FA but reduced with Co supplementation. Concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acids was elevated with FA or Co inclusion. Acetate percentage and acetate to propionate ratio were elevated with FA inclusion. Supplementing Co decreased acetate percentage and increased propionate percentage. Activities of xylanase and α-amylase and populations of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminicola increased with FA or Co inclusion. Activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase and pectinase increased with FA inclusion and population of methanogens decreased with Co addition. Blood folates increased and homocysteine decreased with FA inclusion. Blood glucose and vitamin B12 increased with Co addition. The data suggested that supplementing 0·11 mg Co/kg DM in diets containing 0·09 mg Co/kg DM increased growth performance and nutrient digestibility but had no improvement on the effects of FA addition in calves.
Experimental Evidence Against Pyrrhonism: Attacking a Straw Man
Authors: Machuca Diego E.
Published: June 2021

In a recent article, Mario Attie-Picker maintains that a number of experimental studies provide evidence against Sextus Empiricus's empirical claims about both the connection between belief and anxiety and the connection between suspension of judgement and undisturbedness. In this article, I argue that Sextus escapes unharmed from the challenge raised by the studies in question for the simple reason that he does not make the claims ascribed to him. In other words, I argue that Attie-Picker is attacking a straw man.
Internet of Things-based SCADA system for configuring/reconfiguring an autonomous assembly process
Authors: Fazlollahtabar Hamed
Published: June 2021

Industry 4.0 integrated with robotic and digital fabrication technologies have attracted the attention of manufacturing researchers. Autonomous assembly with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems holds the promise of greater scalability, adaptability, and potentially evolved design possibilities helping to maintain efficiency, process data for smarter decisions, and communicate system issues to help mitigate downtime. This paper concerns with developing an intelligent control system based on SCADA in the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to process configuration and reconfiguration of an autonomous assembly system. The implementation study certifies the effectiveness of the proposed IoT-based SCADA control system in autonomous assembly.
Myopericarditis in children and adolescent: is the elevated troponin and chest pain as alarming as we thought?
Authors: Başar Eviç Zeynep , Borakay Dilek , Akalın Figen
Published: June 2021

Aim:

When encountering adolescents with chest pain and a high troponin level but with no underlying coronary artery illness, it is advisable to consider myopericarditis. Though myopericarditis is a self-limiting, benign condition, it nevertheless causes anxiety in the patient and the family.

Methods:

Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with myopericarditis were included. We retrospectively analysed the demographic and clinical features, laboratory tests, echocardiography, electrocardiograms, MRI findings, coronary CT angiography, and conventional angiography findings in these patients.

Results:

Of the 39 patients (female/male = 4/35) aged 7–17 years, 66.6% had viral infection in the 2 weeks preceding presentation. Eleven patients were tested for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, 28 for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and 10 patients were tested for both biomarkers. The median hs-TnI and hs-TnT values were 6.3 (0.05–29.9) ng/mL and 586 (51–9398) ng/L, respectively. Twenty-three patients showed ST changes on electrocardiography, of whom 11 had ST-elevation in the leads supporting left ventricular involvement. Coronary CT angiography and catheter angiography evaluations performed for differential diagnosis of coronary anomaly and acute coronary syndrome were normal. Cardiac MRI was conducted on 28 patients, and the results in 10 (35.7%) were suggestive of myopericarditis.

Conclusions:

Myopericarditis is common in the adolescent age group and is generally benign but should be carefully monitored for differential diagnosis and possible complications. Cardiac MRI, which has been used more frequently in recent years, has an important role in differential diagnosis and the follow-up of patients.
Documenting the descent – remote monitoring and adult-onset Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia associated with ventricular fibrillation and bradycardia
Authors: Halperin Laura F. , Krahn Andrew D. , Laksman Zachary W.
Published: June 2021

This image highlights a 38-year-old female with ventricular fibrillation and spontaneous return to sinus rhythm found on an implantable loop recorder inserted for recurrent syncope. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, a rare inherited arrhythmia disorder.
Building the Evidence for Family Violence Policy Reform: The Work of Specialist Women’s Refuges in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Murray Suellen , Bullen Jane , Theobald Jacqui , Watson Juliet
Published: June 2021

While specialist women’s refuges have been central to responses to family violence since the 1970s, their work is under-researched. Little is known outside the family violence sector about the support they provide and how it assists women and children. There have been some critiques of their work but there is limited knowledge of the constraints women’s refuges face. Based on interviews and focus groups with 100 professional stakeholders and twenty-two service users, this article analyses the work of women’s refuges in the Australian state of Victoria in an effort to inform policy reform. The research found that refuges’ underpinning gendered analysis, focus on safety and support and advocacy to ensure women’s human rights are met have much to offer further developments in responding to family violence. In doing so, the article contributes to critical debates about the operation of refuges and the need for specialist family violence services.
Hydraulic and Physical Properties of Managed and Intact Peatlands: Application of the Van Genuchten‐Mualem Models to Peat Soils
Authors: Menberu Meseret Walle , Marttila Hannu , Ronkanen Anna‐Kaisa , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Kløve Bjørn
Published: June 2021

Undisturbed peatlands are effective carbon sinks and provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, anthropogenic disturbances, especially land drainage, strongly alter peat soil properties and jeopardize the benefits of peatlands. The effects of disturbances should therefore be assessed and predicted. To support accurate modeling, this study determined the physical and hydraulic properties of intact and disturbed peat samples collected from 59 sites (in total 3,073 samples) in Finland and Norway. The bulk density (BD), porosity, and specific yield (Sy) values obtained indicated that the top layer (0–30 cm depth) at agricultural and peat extraction sites was most affected by land use change. The BD in the top layer at agricultural, peat extraction, and forestry sites was 441%, 140%, and 92% higher, respectively, than that of intact peatlands. Porosity decreased with increased BD, but not linearly. Agricultural and peat extraction sites had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity, Sy, and porosity, and the highest BD of the land use options studied. The van Genuchten‐Mualem (vGM) soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity (K) models proved to be applicable for the peat soils tested, providing values of SWRC, K, and vGM‐parameters (α and n) for peat layers (top, middle and bottom) under different land uses. A decrease in peat soil water content of ≥10% reduced the unsaturated K values by two orders of magnitude. This unique data set can be used to improve hydrological modeling in peat‐dominated catchments and for fuller integration of peat soils into large‐scale hydrological models.
“Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphoritropha” and “Ca. D. phosphorivorans”, novel polyphosphate accumulating organisms abundant in wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Petriglieri Francesca , Singleton Caitlin , Peces Miriam , Petersen Jette F , Nierychlo Marta , Nielsen Per H
Published: June 2021

Members of the genus Dechloromonas are often abundant in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems and are recognized putative polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), but their role in phosphate removal is still unclear. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to investigate the abundance and distribution of Dechloromonas spp. in Danish and global wastewater treatment plants. The two most abundant species worldwide revealed in situ dynamics of important intracellular storage polymers, measured by FISH-Raman in activated sludge from four full-scale EBPR plants and from a lab-scale reactor fed with different substrates. Moreover, seven distinct Dechloromonas species were determined from a set of ten high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from Danish EBPR plants, each encoding the potential for polyphosphate (poly-P), glycogen, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. The two species exhibited an in situ phenotype in complete accordance with the metabolic information retrieved by the MAGs, with dynamic levels of poly-P, glycogen, and PHA during feast-famine anaerobic–aerobic cycling, legitimately placing these microorganisms among the important PAOs. They are potentially involved in denitrification showing niche partitioning within the genus and with other important PAOs. As no isolates are available for the two species, we propose the names Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphoritropha and Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphorivorans.
Shot peening increases resistance to cyclic fatigue fracture of endodontic files
Authors: Nino-Barrera Javier , Sanchez-Aleman Jose , Acosta-Humanez Manuel , Gamboa-Martinez Luis , Cortes-Rodriguez Carlos
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to assess the resistance to fatigue fracture of conventional nickel–titanium files after undergoing shot peening. Forty NITIFLEX endodontic files, number 30, were divided into two groups; one was submitted to shot peening treatment and the other was not. All instruments were tested for fatigue fracture in simulated canals with a TRI-AUTO ZX endodontic motor. One file of each group was subjected to a residual stress analysis by XRD. Finally, the fractured surface was observed and elemental analysis performed by means of SEM and EDX. Roughness analysis was made by focal variation microscope. The shot peening group showed greater resistance to fatigue fracture; there was no difference in the length of the fractured fragments. XRD results showed the presence of residual compression stresses in the file submitted to shot peening, a decrease in the interplanar spacing, and an increase in the full-width-at-half-maximum and the microstrains. SEM and EDX showed a ductile fracture with zones of fatigue and an equiatomic ratio between the nickel and titanium. Surface roughness increased after the file was subjected to the shot peening procedure. In conclusion, shot peening increases the resistance to fatigue fracture due to the presence of residual compression stresses in files manufactured from a conventional nickel–titanium alloy.
Sr-doped SmMnO3 perovskites for high-performance near-isothermal solar thermochemical CO2-to-fuel conversion
Authors: Gao Ke , Liu Xianglei , Wang Tong , Zhu Zhonghui , Li Ping , Zheng Hangbin , Song Chao , Xuan Yimin , Li Yongliang , Ding Yulong
Published: June 2021

In two-step solar thermochemical CO2-to-fuel conversion reactions, an ultrahigh isothermal cycle CO yield (376.1 μmol g−1) at no more than 1300 °C is reported based on the proposed Sm0.6Sr0.4MnO3.
Analysis of Real-World Language Use in a Person With Wernicke's Aphasia
Authors: Suting Louisa B. , Mozeiko Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In this study, we evaluate the use of a technology called the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) Pro System to quantify the language of a participant with severe Wernicke's aphasia in their home environment. We aimed to characterize language use at home, particularly as it changed in response to an intensive aphasia treatment.

Method

The participant was trained to use a wearable recording device pre and post 30 hr of intensive aphasia treatment. LENA software was used to process the language data and to determine word counts and conversational turns and compared to manual analysis. Various communication variables were coded for all conversation samples.

Results

The participant operated the device independently and provided 30 hr of recordings for analysis. Posttreatment, the participant demonstrated a 78.4% increase in adult word count, a 27.5% increase in conversational turn count, an increase in the number of communication partners, and in the diversity of communication environments. There was a 26% decrease in the amount of time spent on electronics and a 140% increase in the number of instances conversing in a social setting. Manual and automated measures showed poor agreement for this particular participant.

Conclusions

In this study, we establish the feasibility of using LENA to collect language samples in a participant with severe Wernicke's aphasia in their home environment. Using this method, we were able to characterize and quantify language samples in multiple dimensions before and after language treatment.
Innovative Development Path of State-owned Economy - Evidence Based on The Impact of COVID-19 on The Development of Chinese State-owned Industrial Enterprises and Their Post-epidemic Recovery from Financial Perspective
Authors: Li Qinyuan , Tan Shijie
Published: June 2021

Since the spread of the COVID-19, State-owned industrial enterprise have faced many problems such as industrial and supply chain breaks, shutdowns and insufficient production capacity, which are common in the state-owned economy. Financial indicators can often better dig out the economic problems behind them, so we screened 20 relevant composite financial indicators including asset yield, return stability, debt solvency, cumulative profitability, liquidity, capitalization, and scale. After correlation analysis, a significant “Operating income growth rate” indicator was obtained and the ARIMA model was used to predict and compared the results with the actual value. During the first and second outbreaks of the COVID-19, its influence path is to affect the supply and demand of the production, then affect the financial status. The negative impact gradually weakened after March 2020. During the second outbreak in July 2020, the State-owned industrial enterprises were the most negatively affected then gradually recovered. After analysis, we found that the innovation of Chinese state-owned economy, due to its special status in the economy, emergency management and its role in the supply chain and industrial chain should be emphasized. The innovation of the state-owned economy will play an important role in promoting economic innovation.
Research on the impact of high-speed railway opening on regional economy and environment - evidence based on Henan Province
Authors: Cao Yuanyuan
Published: June 2021

The opening of high-speed rail has a great role in promoting regional economy. Many scholars have used prefecture-level cities across the country as samples to prove that the opening of high-speed rail can stimulate economic growth and reduce environmental pollution. However, the heterogeneity between regions may make the result no longer significant in a particular region. Therefore, this article uses the data of 17 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province as an example to explore the economic and environmental effects of the opening of high-speed rail in Henan Province, and study one of the mechanisms by which high-speed rail acts on the environment. The results prove that the opening of high-speed rail has a significant positive effect on the economic and environmental quality of cities in Henan Province. In addition, high-speed rail can also improve the environment by adjusting the industrial structure, reducing pollutant emissions, and improving environmental quality.
Study on Brain Drain in Rural Areas from the Perspective of Rural economic Revitalization - An Empirical Analysis Based on the Questionnaire Data in Village B, County A
Authors: Ye Haiyan , Yu Shiwan
Published: June 2021

In the context of global economic innovation and low-carbon development, Rural Development is bound to take the road of rejuvenation, The core of the road of rejuvenation is the rejuvenation of talents, The key to the rejuvenation of talents is how to bring back talents. This paper studied the status and causes of brain drain in Village B, County A through data statistics and interview data organization based on an empirical analysis of the questionnaire data of its brain drain, and analyzed the problem of brain drain in the village in terms of the family structure, the construction of infrastructure, guiding policies of the government and the gap between urban and rural economic incomes, thus identifying factors which restrict rural talent revitalization. The study has found that the small number of jobs provided by the government, insufficient functioning of the Party and the government and the neglect of rural talent market planning and construction are the three main causes of brain drain.
Prediction model of stock market based on Chaos Theory
Authors: Qiao Wenhan
Published: June 2021

After more than 30 years of development, China’s stock exchange market has already had a considerable scale. Modeling and forecasting stock prices is always a problem. Based on the data of three stocks given in the title, this paper analyzes the characteristics and development trend of each stock. Based on the foothold of chaos theory[1] this paper studies the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and predictability of China’s stock market, and finally tests it.
Does Agricultural Export Promote Nepalese Economic Growth? ARDL Approach Using Structural Break
Authors: Ghimire Amogh , Weiwei Fu , Zhuang Peifen
Published: June 2021

This study examines the impact of agricultural export on the economic growth in Nepal for the time period of 1970-2015. In this analysis, researchers used the ARDL model using structural break to investigate the relationship between agricultural exports and economic growth in Nepal. Agricultural land, exchange rate, foreign direct investment, trade openness and agricultural environmental pollution have all been included in this analysis. According to estimates, ARDL, tend towards short-run relationship has been validated. Whereas, in the long-run relation we found negative relation. Furthermore, this study found that agricultural land is directly affecting economic growth. This study recommends policies that improve agricultural production and trade should be strongly pursued to help boost a country’s economic growth
Composition Component or Conditional Component? A New Explanation on the Change of the Income Gap among Chinese Residents from the Perspective of Counterfactual
Authors: Ma Jiqing , Luo Rundong
Published: June 2021

The income gap among residents is one of the important factors that restrict the development of economy and society. The emphasis of this study lies in investigating the reasons for the change of the income gap among Chinese residents. The Gini coefficient, a set of generalized entropy index and the relative polarization index are obtained on the data of CFPS. The results show that the income gap in China has been increasing year by year since 2012. Different from some ideas that components are the main factors affecting the change of income gap, the decomposition results show that the conditional components make the significant variation of income gap. This provides a new perspective to explain the causes of income gap changes. It may be necessary to increase the income of low-income groups and improve their status with dynamic assistance by stages and categories.
Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of financial services industry clusters based on big data
Authors: Liu Langchen
Published: June 2021

With the development of the times, the financial system is getting bigger and bigger, and the links between the various industries are getting closer, so we need to cluster the financial industry. But how to deal with is a problem, after thinking about comparison we found that we can make some treatment between them. So the purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of financial services industry clusters based on big data. Based on the experimental principle of data security, this paper processes some data that is known on the market and unknown within the enterprise, and simulates the experimental process by using the 4-model based V+ on big data evaluation, and then the experimental results are drawn. The experimental results show that our model can analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of industrial clusters by analyzing some characteristics of financial services enterprises.
Security Margin Assessment Method of Centralized Spot Market Based on Information Entropy
Authors: Leng Yue , Li Lili , Zhang Feng , Zhou Ziqing , Wang Zhiqi , Wu Shuomin
Published: June 2021

In the centralized spot market, each participant pursues the maximization of economic benefits, which leads to the operation condition of the power grid closer to the security boundary. Thus, in this paper, a novel approach to security margin assessment of the centralized spot market is proposed. By proceeding from the mechanism of influence of load variation on power flow, the relationship between power flow transfer characteristics and the security margin of the power grid is explored. Then, on the basis of information entropy theory, the power flow transfer balancing evaluation index of the power grid is established. And this index is applied for security margin assessment of the power grid in the environment of the centralized spot market. Results of an IEEE 14-bus system case study have validated the effectiveness and quickness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, in accordance with the analysis results, it is proved that the proposed method is capable of accurately identifying the critical power transmission and transformation equipment affecting the security margin of the power grid, which is helpful to identify the potential risks of the operation of the power grid in advance.
Calculation of Energy Ecological Footprint in Guangdong, China from NPP Perspective
Authors: Li Huiyu
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the ecological level and energy consumption of Guangdong Province, by collecting the related data of energy consumption and land area from 2010 to 2019, the energy ecological footprint and net primary productivity were calculated. The study found that between 2010 and 2019, the energy ecological footprint of Guangdong increased from 119.77 million hm2 to 139.90 million hm2, while the net primary productivity increased slightly. Finally, the study analyzed the specific reasons for these changes.
Green innovation, government incentive and enterprise performance are explored from the perspective of game
Authors: Ren Xiaohui
Published: June 2021

The rapid development of economy brings serious environmental pollution problem. Green innovation, as the connection point between government environmental regulation measures and sustainable green development of enterprises, has become one of the important choices for the transformation and development of enterprises. Based on the classic model of “prisoner’s dilemma” in game theory, this paper deeply analyzes the relationship between green innovation and performance. It is found that it is easy to get into trouble if only relying on the spontaneous green innovation within the enterprise. Applying appropriate pressure outside the enterprise can promote the change of green innovation and bring long-term benefits to the enterprise.
Research on energy-saving strategies of college stadiums and sports venues under the concept of low carbon development
Authors: Ke Yi
Published: June 2021

More than half of the stadiums and sports venues in China are concentrated in the education system, and a large proportion of them are distributed in various colleges and universities across the country. Therefore, the planning, design, construction, operation and management of stadiums and sports venues of college and university are also getting more and more attention from the society and the educators. The author believes that under the concept of low carbon development, colleges and universities should focus on introducing ideas of energy conservation and put the concepts of low carbon economy development throughout the whole process and all aspects of operational management of stadiums and sports venues, so as to achieve the effects of sustainable development while fulfilling social responsibility of environmental protection, promoting green lifestyle among the students and contributing to green development model.