bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency stabilization of multiple wavelength lasers based on a broadband spectrum
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Qiao Hao , Ai Di , Zhou Min , Xu Xinye
Published: July 2022

We report on frequency stabilization of multiple wavelength lasers operating at 1389 and 1695 nm simultaneously on a broadband spectrum. These lasers are implemented in ytterbium optical lattice clock experiments, which need to have a narrow enough linewidth and maintain high long-term frequency stability. A 1560 nm femtosecond mode-locked laser with a narrow mode spacing of 250 MHz is used as a master laser, which is referenced to a local ultrastable optical cavity with the instability better than 1 × 10−15 at 1 s averaging time. Through the combination of erbium-doped fiber amplifier and high nonlinear fiber, the spectral width of the maser laser is broadened from 10 nm to more than 300 nm. The range of the broadened spectrum can cover 1389 and 1695 nm. Meanwhile, the spectral intensity at the corresponding wavelength can ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio of the beat signals between the two lasers and the broadened spectrum is about 30 dB at a resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 100 kHz. After phase locking the 1389 and 1695 nm lasers on the broadband spectrum, the residual linewidths are obtained to be about 0.8 Hz at 1 Hz RBW, and the stabilities are 3.5 × 10−16 and 4.7 × 10−16 at 1 s averaging time respectively, improving about six orders of magnitude. Our result can be conducive to obtaining the stabilized laser sources for the atomic optical clock, and will be of great significance for simplifying and miniaturizing the optical clock system.
Calibration of a precision current measurement system for high AC voltages using an AC quantum voltmeter
Authors: Ilić Damir , Heinrich Alexander , Meisner Johann , Behr Ralf
Published: July 2022

This paper describes the calibration of a high precision AC current measurement device which is required in a system to measure AC voltages up to 800 kV in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 400 Hz. The AC current measurement unit of such a system requires the calibration of the input current in the milliampere range at a frequency of approximately 50 Hz, and all measurements have been made at a suitable frequency of 62.5 Hz. An AC quantum voltmeter (AC-QVM) is used to achieve a traceability chain from DC resistance calibration, when it works as DC quantum standard, and as AC quantum standard for the AC current measurement. All DC and AC measurements needed for one calibration point (one current level) can be done in a rapid sequence within 30 min using the same AC-QVM, such that the combined uncertainty is at a level of 1 μA A−1 (k = 1).
An unexpected negative feedback between climate change and eutrophication: higher temperatures increase denitrification and buffer nitrogen loads in the Po River (Northern Italy)
Authors: Gervasio Maria Pia , Soana Elisa , Granata Tommaso , Colombo Daniela , Castaldelli Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Temperature is one of the most fundamental drivers governing microbial nitrogen (N) dynamics in rivers; however, the effect of climate change-induced warming on N processing has not been sufficiently addressed. Here, annual, and seasonal (spring and summer) N loads exported from the Po River watershed (Northern Italy), a worldwide hotspot of eutrophication and nitrate pollution, are investigated in relation to water temperature trends over the last three decades (1992–2019). Despite large inter-annual variations, from the early 1990s, the Po River experienced a significant reduction in total N loads (−30%) represented mainly by nitrate, although agricultural N surplus in croplands and other watershed conditions have remained constant. In parallel, the Po River water is steadily warming (+0.11 °C yr−1, for average annual temperature) and the number of warm days is increasing (+50%, in the spring–summer period). The inverse relationship between water temperature and N loads strongly indicated that the higher temperatures have boosted the denitrification capacity of river sediments along the lowland reaches. Overall, over the last three decades, annual total N loads declined by around one-third due to a near 3 °C increase in temperature and this evidence was even more marked for the summer season (−45% for total N loads and +3.5 °C for temperature). Based on these observations, it is suggested that near-term effects of climate change, i.e. warming and an increase in the duration of low-flow periods in rivers, may have negative feedback on eutrophication, contributing to partially buffer the N export during the most sensitive period for eutrophication.
Diversity and distribution of fish species in Upper Watershed of Citanduy, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Haryono  , Wahyudewantoro G , Gustiano R , Mulyadi
Published: July 2022

Citanduy is one of the major rivers in West Java, Indonesia, which empties into the Segara Anakan Lagoon. This river has streams originating from the Galunggung and Sawal Mountains. Information about freshwater fish in this area has not been fully documented and explored regarding fish diversity and distribution. This study aims to assess the fish diversity, abundance, distribution, and potential uses. The survey method was conducted upstream of the Citanduy River in the Regency of Tasikmalaya and Ciamis from 2012 to 2013. The sampling stations were grouped into the primary forest (1), secondary forest (2), shrubs (3), and (4) rice fields or plantations. In total, there are four stations in Sawal Mount and three groups of stations in Galunggung Mount. The collected fish were caught using electrofishing equipped with cast nets at each station. The results showed that there were 12 families with 24 species. Cichlidae is the dominant family with six species, followed by Cyprinidae with five species, and the remaining families only have one or two species. Both the Sawal and Galunggung Mountains have diverse habitats in rice fields or plantations. Based on the species, Barbodes binotatus was the most abundant species (128 ind./st.), followed by Nemacheilus fasciatus (64 ind./st.), Rasbora lateristriata (48 ind./st.) and the rest species with a range of 1-38 ind./st. Barbodes binotatus and Poecillia reticulata were widely distributed at 85.7%, followed by Channa gachua 71.4%; and the remaining species with a range of 14.3-57.1%. Most species have the potential as consume fish. Based on the species authenticity status, nine species (37.5%) were detected as introduced species.
The impact of aeration rate on Mahseer, Tor soro seed culture biological performance and blood profile
Authors: Setijaningsih L , Puspaningsih D
Published: July 2022

Water quality is the main factor that should have been considered in the part of aquaculture where the fish will grow in the optimal environment circumstances that suit biological demands. Adding the aeration aims to increase dissolved oxygen and turbulence. The objectives of this study is to see how different aeration rates affect the survival and growth of Mahseer Tor soro. The research used 12 aquariums, each sizing of 66x24x30 cm. Fish’s stocking density was three individuals per Liter for each aquarium. The randomization design was completed with four treatments and three replicates. The different aeration rate as a treatment were A) 0; B) 1000; C) 2000; and D) 3000 ml/minute. The results show that the highest absolute length (1.73±0.611 cm) and survival rate (98.33%) at 1000 ml/minute were the highest where the blood profile such as blood glucose, the hematocrit, haemoglobin, and erythrocyte values at 1000 ml/minute was the lowest compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The best of aeration rate for seed culture of masher, Tor soro is 1000 ml/minute, which has resulted in dissolved oxygen is ranging from 7.05–7.71 mg/L.
Application of Biofloc Technology in Indonesian Eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor Fish Culture: Water Quality Profile
Authors: Sadi NH , Agustiyani D , Ali F , Badjoeri M , Triyanto
Published: July 2022

Nowadays biofloc technology which utilizes organic matter decomposition activity of heterotrophic bacteria through C/N ratio setting has been widely applied in aquaculture but has never been applied in eel farming. Water quality is a crucial factor in eel aquaculture, one of the prestigious fish commodities. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the feasibility of biofloc technology to be applied in eel fish culture. The study was conducted using two different pond systems, i.e with and without a water recirculation system. Air in both systems was injected into the water to reach 7-8 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. Molasses and activated charcoal as a carbon source were added so as to achieve a C/N ratio of 20:1. Water quality and microbiology parameters were monitored weekly. The results showed that both biofloc systems were able to maintain water quality very well up to the eleventh week without water replacement, which was characterized by low content of total organic nitrogen and toxic compounds nitrite. Therefore the biofloc technology is suitable to be applied in eel aquaculture.
Nutritional Content and Growth Ability of Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza on Various Culture Media
Authors: Said D S , Chrismadha T , Mayasari N , Widiyanto T , Ramandita A
Published: July 2022

Giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) is one species of duckweed, distributed cosmopolitanly in stagnant freshwater. The duckweed has several potential uses such as for animal and fish feeds. However, its biological information in Indonesia is rare. A research was conducted in June to July 2019 to explore its nutritional content and growth ability. The growth ability experiment was done with two replications at The Research Center for Limnology, Indonesia Institute of Sciences laboratory. The indoor experiments used 3 types of culture media, namely P (mixture of Urea, NPK, and Gandasil); Q (water waste from catfish cultivation), and R (hydroponic fertilizer). Spirodela polyrhiza has a protein content of 24.10%; fat 1.74%; ash 1.78%, crude fiber 14.47%, and nitrogen-free extract of 57.89%. There were 15 types of amino acids observed in the biomass, made of as much as 13.1% w/w. The highest growth was obtained in R culture media with a specific growth rate (SGR): 8.54–16.53 % and productivity of 15.62–51.32 g/day/m2. Outdoor trials using the R media have a SGR value of 10.17–11.16% and productivity of 54.82–84.1 g/day/m2. Spirodela polyrhiza can be developed and have the potential to be used as an alternative natural feed source for aquaculture or another purpose. Further research is needed.
The condition and nutrient content of introduced freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium lanchesteri at two urban small ponds, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mayasari N , Said D S , Astuti M P
Published: July 2022

‘Situ’ Lotus and ‘Situ’ Cibuntu are small ponds located in urban areas at Cibinong Science Center-Botanical Garden, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. This study was conducted to determine the development of the introduced freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium lanchesteri in that ponds. Observations were carried out in January and February 2019. There are four sampling points in each pond. The number of shrimp obtained at Lotus Pond is more than Cibuntu Pond. The average total length and weight of shrimp obtained at Lotus Pond during the first observation were 1.61 – 2.55 cm and 0.07 – 0.20 gram, while the second was 1.67 – 2.27 cm and 0.11 – 0.31 gram. Meanwhile, M. lanchesteri obtained at Cibuntu Pond in the first observation had an average total length of 2.20 – 2.63 cm and weight 0.16 – 0.20 gram; and when the second sampling was 2.27 – 3.00 cm and 0.16 – 0.34 gram. Proximate analysis of shrimp from Cibuntu Pond showed that this shrimp’s protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrate content were 58.68%; 10.70%; 15.31%; 7.70%, and 7.61%, respectively. The water quality observed in both ponds is still good and can support the shrimp’s life. Utilization of this shrimp as an alternative source of protein can be done if pond water quality is always maintained in the future.
The Abundance and Potential Activity of Nitrifying, Denitrifying, and Nitrate-ammonifying Bacteria in the Vanamae Shrimp Culture in Karawang
Authors: Alfisah R K , Rusmana I , Widiyanto T , Affandi R
Published: July 2022

The existence of inorganic nitrogen in the shrimp pond ecosystem will not be separated from the nitrogen cycle and microbiological processes including the activity of microbes. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and potential rate of nitrifying, denitrifying, and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria in Vanamae shrimp cultivation. Water samples were collected on a shrimp pond in Karawang, West Java. Water sampling was carried out at the age of shrimp rearing 0 days, 21 days, 65 days, and 89 days. Water sampling was conducted at four points representing an area of the pond. The bacterial abundances were analyzed using Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The potential rates of bacteria were calculated by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The highest abundance of nitrifying bacteria was 3.690 log cells ml-1 on 65 days, denitrifying bacteria was 3.415 log cells mL-1 on 89 days, and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria was 3.079 log cells mL-1 on 65 days of shrimp cultivation. The affinity of enzymes related to ammonia oxidation from nitrifying bacteria was higher than nitrate reduction from denitrifying and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria. Generally, nitrifying bacteria were the most abundant and dominant activity over shrimp cultivation.
Phytoplankton Diversity in Jakarta Bay Estuary, Indonesia
Authors: Susanti E , Widoretno M R , Prihatinningtyas E , Akhdiana I , Riffiani R , Henny C , Toruan R L
Published: July 2022

Phytoplankton plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems and is one of the biological parameters that can be used as bioindicators to describe conditions, quality, and environmental changes. Jakarta Bay is polluted by various wastes originating from industry, domestic, and sea transportation for fishing activities, which causes a decrease in water quality in Jakarta Bay. This study aims to reveal the composition of phytoplankton and its relationship with the physical and chemical parameters of the waters that empty into Jakarta Bay. The study was conducted in September 2021 at three sampling stations in estuary areas. Station 3 was the most polluted area from industrial waste, only found phytoplankton from the group of Cyanophyta (61.57%) and Euglenophyta (38.43%). Meanwhile, station 2 with the highest concentration of chlorophyll-a, contaminated with domestic waste was dominated by Cyanophyta (29.26%), Euglenophyta (11.79%), Chrysophyta (39.74%), and Chlorophyta (19.21%) groups. The water quality of the two sampling stations greatly affects the composition and abundance of phytoplankton.
Carbon, Nitrogen and C/N ratio of sediment in a floodplain lake: Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi
Authors: Yustiawati  , Syawal M S , Rosidah
Published: July 2022

The composition of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and C/N ratio in the sediment lake provided valuable information about the sources of organic matter and depositional basin. In a floodplain lake, sediment deposition is very dynamic related to seasonal changes. The aim of the study is to reveal the composition of C, N and C/N ratio in sediment lake in the permanent zone and non-permanent inundation zones and to predict the sources of organic matter in sediment lake. The study was conducted in March 2017 in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sediment samples were collected from six zones. C-organic was determined according to modification of the Walkley-Black method. Nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The result showed that carbon organic in this sediment lake was about 4.7 – 5.8 %. The lowest was found in the nonpermanent zone. The highest value was found in the permanent zone, indicating that the organic carbon has been accumulated for long period in this permanent zone. Nitrogen organic content in sediment was about 0.30 to 0.50 %, this value was relatively low. It probably nitrogen content has been released to the water column or rapidly up-taken by microbes. C/N ratio in the sediment of Lake Tempe was in the range 13.1 to 18.1, this value indicated that organic matter originated from a mixture of plankton and macrophytes.
Ecological Heterogeneity of Oxbow and Floodplain Lakes Along the Kapuas Riverine System
Authors: Subehi L , Uno H , Imroatushshoolikhah  , Sulastri  , Yustiawati  , Toruan R L , Ajie G S , Jasalesmana T , Dianto A , Afandi A Y , Sulawesty F , Julzarika A , Ramadhan Y , Triwati  , Nakano S
Published: July 2022

Kapuas River in West Kalimantan with over 1,143 km is the largest river in Indonesia. It serves as a main refuge for high potential biodiversity. Oxbow lakes along the Kapuas River are of high ecological essential due to the number and the diversity of habitats they provide. In addition, oxbow lakes are critical components of the floodplain systems of lowland rivers. The objective of this study was to explore the diversity of oxbow lakes and their connectivity to the main river. We conducted fieldwork to measure water quality and ecological components at 12 oxbow lakes along the Kapuas River and two lakes in the Sentarum complex in January - February 2020. We measured the environmental parameters including water depth, water temperature, Secchi/transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-a concentration, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations. Aquatic biota, including phytoplankton and zooplankton community structures, were also observed at 12 oxbow lakes along the Kapuas River and two lakes in the Sentraum complex. The sampling points represented both permanent and non-permanent connectivity of the oxbow lakes to the main river. The result indicates the variability of environmental characteristics between the lakes, based on water quality and biota analysis; for example, water acidity, as indicated by pH, was likely to seem like the main variable determining the oxbow lake biota. Also, the habitat connectivity of oxbow lakes to the main river has significantly influenced the biotic composition.
Land Ocean Connectivity Through Inland Water Ecosystem: A Coremap-CTI Project in The Coastal Area of Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Santoso A B , Apip  , Wibowo H , Aisyah S
Published: July 2022

Coastal zone is highly valued ecosystem exposed to multiple and often cumulative natural and anthropogenic stressors such as catchment loads of nutrients and sediment, as well as climate warming. High loads of nutrients and sediment from the hinterland are dispersed into this zone leading to an increase microalgae community in which it may reduce light availability for corals and seagrasses. In this paper, we present the progress of our study in the coastal area of Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, under the COREMAP-CTI Research Programme. Through such programme we are 1) investigating the flux of materials from the river basin to the marine environment, 2) characterising the key process that governing those fluxes, 3) developing models that capable of in predicting material fluxes under current and future environment (e.g., land-use and climate change). To do so, we integrate data and information derived from field observations and satellite imagery analysis to feed the developed rainfall-sediment-runoff and coastal ecological-hydrodynamic model. Not only focusing on the science of physical-biogeochemical processes of land-ocean interaction, the outcome of this research project is also aimed to support the development of adaptation strategy in combating climate change and anthropogenic pressure in the near future of coastal ecosystem.
Influence of Rainfall and Spatial Temporal Distribution Analysis of Total Suspended Solid in Laut Tawar Lake
Authors: Adhar S , Lukman  , Khalil M , Ayuzar E , Erlangga  , Rusydi R , Mainisa  , Muliani
Published: July 2022

Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is a solid particle suspended in the water column of organic and inorganic materials, sized more than two micrometers. The high concentration of TSS in the waters causes a decrease in water clarity and potentially reduces dissolved oxygen that can threaten the life of aquatic biota. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of TSS and analyze the influence of rainfall on TSS in Laut Tawar Lake waters. The lake TSS ranged from 44 – 91 mg/L with an average of 68.67 ± 11.23 mg/L. Spatially TSS ranged from 63.17 - 73.67 mg/L and temporally ranged from 51.14 - 81.43 mg/L. The distribution of TSS was not spatially different because the lake waters are perfectly agitated. The difference in TSS was obtained temporally due to the influence of rainfall. The catchment area can be eroded by only 100 mm of rain/month. It leads to high production of TSS loading into the lake waters. It was indicated by the difference in TSS of Dry Months with TSS of Wet and Moist Months. The determinant coefficient of influence of rainfall on the TSS concentration of the lake waters is 0.62.
Mercury Contamination on Aquatic Organisms in related to Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining Activity in Indonesia: A Mini Review
Authors: Yoga G P , Sari A A , Nurhati I S , Yustiawati  , Andreas  , Hindarti D
Published: July 2022

Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is the largest source of Hg pollution in the environment. Indonesia has ratified the Minamata convention in 2013. Mercury pollution to the aquatic environment is a great concern due to its potential impact may threat the aquatic ecosystem. In this study we conduct a mini literature review dealing with the impact of mercury pollution on aquatic organisms in Indonesia, this study provides an overview of mercury contamination in fish and macroinvertebrates in Indonesia which is related to ASGM activities, based on peer-reviewed literature recorded in the Scopus database (www.scopus.com). Keywords mercury OR Hg AND ASGM AND Indonesia was used to retrieve literatures from the database. The identified articles were screened for relevance at the title, abstract, and full text level using predefined inclusion criteria. The mercury accumulation in freshwater fish and macroinvertebrates were ranged from 0.005 mg/kg to 19 mg/kg, and from 0.002 mg/kg to 1,46 mg/kg, respectively. While mercury accumulation in in marine fish and macroinvertebrates were from 0,014 mg/kg to 57 mg/kg and 0.002 mg/kg to 2.99 mg/kg, respectively. The highest mercury accumulation in freshwater fish was found in Manado, North Sulawesi and the lowest was in Talawaan Watershed, North Sulawesi, while in Marine fish, the highest Hg accumulation was also found in Manado, North Sulawesi, and the lowest accumulation was found in Buyat, North Sulawesi. Introduction
Exploration of cyanobacteria as bioremediation candidates to reduce phosphorus contamination
Authors: Asih D R , Summerfield T C , Eaton-Rye J J
Published: July 2022

The aim of this research is to evaluate cyanobacteria as a bioremediation agent for the removal of inorganic phosphate. We have adopted two approaches. The first approach involves the inactivation of the sphU gene in a model cyanobacterium. This gene encodes a negative regulator of the pho-regulon, this regulon includes genes involved in phosphate uptake. Inactivation of sphU results in the constitutive uptake of inorganic phosphate and its accumulation in polyphosphate bodies within cyanobacterial cells. Preliminary data using Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has shown that the ΔSphU strain removed 96% of phosphate from the growth medium in 36 h whereas a similar phosphate depletion by wild-type cells took ~72 h. Our second approach involves the screening of native cyanobacteria to identify strains that have optimised their ability to take up phosphate. Our goal is to evaluate suitable cyanobacteria for phosphate uptake. This will be achieved through mesocosm studies designed to assess the ability of the cyanobacteria to selectively remove phosphate with the accompanying generation of biomass with potential to be used as feedstock for various biotechnological applications.
Environmental Quality Identification of Wangi the River Polluted by Waste Based on the Environmental Pollution Index
Authors: Adam M A , Khumaidi A , Ramli  , Ernawati  , Widiastuti I M , Risjani Y , Soegianto A
Published: July 2022

High amount of wastewater release to Wangi riverflow, especially industrial wastewater, can potentially cause pollution. Pollution in river has been occurred since 2015. The aim of this study was to identify the environmental quality of contaminated Wangi River and determine the pollution index. This study was performed through a survey method, and river water sampling was carried out around the Wangi riverflow, Beujeng-Beji, Pasuruan District. Sampling was conducted in three locations, namely industrial, residential, and agricultural areas on different months (June 2020 - July 2021). This study was also conducted to analyze the heavy metal content of Pb, Hg and Cd in Wangi river biota around the watershed, namely mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis). The pollutant identification result was based onthree study areas, namely study area I (factory/industrial waste), study area II (residential waste) and study area III (agricultural waste). Heavy metal contamination occurred in Wangi River hhe as the potential to produce waste containing Pb, Cd and Hg. The average levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in the water were 0.031 ppm, 0.019 and 0.009 ppm, respectively. These values exceeded the acceptable quality standard. The result of data analysis based on the pollution index (PI) and average number of pollution indexes (PIaverage) in the Wangi river (at study areas I, II and III) was 5.503, which means thatthe condition of the Wangi river is classified as a “moderately-polluted” river. The authority is expected to develop a further policy for Wangi riverflow preservation program.
Mahakam River Potency as Raw Water to Support Drinking Water Services and Sanitation in the New Territories of the State Capital, East Kalimantan
Authors: Sutapa I D A , Nurhidayat A , Prihatinningtyas E
Published: July 2022

The Indonesia Government’s decision to move the country’s capital city from DKI Jakarta on the Java island to Penajam – Paser Utara in East Kalimantan provides new hope and challenges that must be faced. The pressure on the environment due to anthropogenic activities, industry, transportation, business, trade, tourism, etc., causes the Jakarta area not to have a good ecosystem and environmental carrying capacity. Some basic needs that have not been fully addressed so far are drinking water, sanitation, and health services for the community and need serious attention in the development planning of the new national capital. The limitations of raw water in terms of quality, quantity, and continuity are often the main obstacles to ensuring the fulfillment of drinking water and sanitation according to appropriate needs. East Kalimantan region has many surface water resources consisting of rivers, lakes, swamps, and springs. The Mahakam River is one of the major rivers in this region, which has a potential source of raw water to be processed into clean water and drinking water. This study aims to examine the potency of Mahakam river water as raw water to support drinking water and sanitation services availability. The results showed that the water of the Makaham river in the city of Samarinda experienced daily ups and downs with a difference in water level of 2 m. Meanwhile, the turbidity level of river water varies between 185 to 229 NTU. Mahakam river water is categorized as C - D quality, with sufficient quantity and continuity. A complete treatment system is needed to improve its quality to clean water or drinking water in accordance with the standards.
Inland Water Trophic State Identification using Remote Sensing data and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Setiawan F , Jiang D , Hamzah R , Matsushita B
Published: July 2022

Providing information on inland waters’ trophic state levels (oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic, and hypereutrophic) is considered more effective in communicating the lake’s conditions to the public and policymakers than water quality. It is highly demanding for a straightforward method to estimate inland waters’ trophic state. This study proposes a model for estimating the lake trophic state levels from remote sensing data. We used simulation data to overcome data limitations in building the classification model. The simulation data consists of one nanometer (nm) interval spectra, paired with calculated Secchi Disk Depth (SD in m) representing various water types. We convert the spectra into Landsat band configuration and classify SD into four trophic state levels. We compare four machine learning classification models, i.e., Classification and Regression Trees (CART), k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and select the best model using the Kappa Index. We apply the selected model to satellite images and estimate trophic state levels of various lakes across time and space. Our result demonstrated that the developed model could robustly identify the lake trophic state levels. This rapid identification procedure could provide valuable spatial and temporal information of the lake’s conditions for the public and policymakers to support inland water sustainable management.
Analysis of Normalized Different Wetness Index (NDWI) Using Landsat Imagery in the Ciletuh Geopark Area as Ecosystem Monitoring
Authors: Rahmat A. , Daruati D. , Ramadhani W S , Ratnawati H I
Published: July 2022

Geopark is a park area that is included in a conservation area, which has elements of geodiversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity. It has aspects in education as knowledge earth science and tourism. One of the geoparks on the Java island that concern the government is the Ciletuh Geopark. Besides the potential, the Ciletuh Geopark landscape also has threats such as floods and droughts that can disrupt its ecological function. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study related to the wetness status of the Ciletuh Geopark to minimize the impact of floods and droughts. One way is by using the Normalized Different Wetness Index (NDWI). This study aimed to analyze the level of wetness of the Ciletuh Geopark with the Normalized Different Wetness Index method obtained from Landsat images. The results show that compared to 2001, the area with moderate wetness and high wetness decreased almost 50% in 2015, and the non-water body increased twice. On the other hand, the wetness condition did not significantly change between 2015 and 2021. The decreasing the wetness condition suspected by drought due to global climate change.
Optical cloaking of macroscopic objects by geometric-phase vortex processing
Authors: Rafayelyan Mushegh , Melkonyan Henrik , Tigranyan Arman , Brasselet Etienne
Published: July 2022

We report on free-space strategy for electromagnetic concealment of three-dimensional macroscopic objects in the optical domain owing to unique energy flow redirection capabilities enabled by optical phase singularities. We propose and implement the generation of a quasi-nodal volume based on optical vortex Fourier processing, which inhibits light scattering from objects placed inside. The proof of concept is made by numerical simulations and the experimental implementation is carried out in the visible domain by using geometric phase vortex phase masks. Optical cloaking demonstration is made by using stainless steel sphere as the object to be concealed. The geometric phase nature of the vortex masks confers polarization independent features to the device and makes it possible to implement in a reflection mode.
Facile synthesis and characterisations of cobalt ferrite-silver-graphene oxide nanocomposite in enhancing electrochemical response capacity
Authors: Hoang Van-Tuan , Le Nhat Trang Nguyen , Thi Nguyet Nga Dao , Ngo Xuan-Dinh , Pham Tuyet Nhung , Tran Van Tan , Mai Mai , Thi Tam Le , Tri Doan Quang , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: July 2022

In this report, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) synthesised from the co-precipitation method were strongly connected with graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) via ‘bridge molecules’- polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB)’. Silver (Ag) NPs were grown on the surface of CoFe2O4-GO nanocomposites to improve the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic ability of the proposed functional nanocomposites. Characteristics of the synthesised materials were investigated via x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The obtained results demonstrate that the CoFe2O4-Ag-GO nanocomposites could significantly improve the adsorption ability and electron transfer between electrode and analytes owing to the synergetic effect of Ag NPs, CoFe2O4 NPs, and GO. The prepared CoFe2O4-Ag-GO nanocomposites showed the highest electrochemical response for chloramphenicol antibiotic detection, with current intensity response (∼24.4 μA) being 3.25 and 2.57 times higher than that of CoFe2O4 NPs (7.5 μA) and CoFe2O4-GO (9.5 μA), respectively. The calibration plot is linear in the 1–50 μM CAP concentration range, with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. With excellent electrochemical properties, the CoFe2O4-Ag-GO nanocomposites are expected to be a potential candidate for advanced electrochemical sensing applications.
Compactness and weak compactness of weighted composition operators on BMOA
Authors: Laitila Jussi , Lindström Mikael , Norrbo David
Published: July 2022

We show that a weighted composition operator

W

ψ
,
φ

{W_{\psi ,\varphi }}

is compact on BMOA precisely when it is unconditionally converging. As a direct consequence to this result we deduce that all weakly compact or completely continuous weighted composition operators on BMOA are compact. The proof of this result is based on a new simplified function-theoretic characterization of the compactness of weighted composition operators on BMOA.
TargetMine 2022: a new vision into drug target analysis
Authors: Chen Yi-An , Allendes Osorio Rodolfo S , Mizuguchi Kenji
Published: July 2022

We introduce the newest version of TargetMine, which includes the addition of new visualization options; integration of previously disaggregated functionality; and the migration of the front-end to the newly available Bluegenes service.

Availability and Implementation

TargeteMine is accessible online at https://targetmine.mizuguchilab.org/bluegenes. Users do not need to register to use the software. Source code for the different components listed in the article is available from TargetMine’s organizational account at http://github.com/targetmine.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Expedited epilepsy surgery prior to drug resistance in children: a frontier worth crossing?
Authors: Hale Andrew T , Chari Aswin , Scott Rod C , Helen Cross J , Rozzelle Curtis J , Blount Jeffrey P , Tisdall Martin M
Published: July 2022

Epilepsy surgery is an established safe and effective treatment for selected candidates with drug-resistant epilepsy. In this opinion piece, we outline the clinical and experimental evidence for selectively considering epilepsy surgery prior to drug resistance. Our rationale for expedited surgery is based on the observations that (i) a high proportion of patients with lesional epilepsies (e.g. focal cortical dysplasia, epilepsy-associated tumours) will progress to drug resistance; (ii) surgical treatment of these lesions, especially in non-eloquent areas of brain, is safe; and (iii) earlier surgery may be associated with better seizure outcomes. Potential benefits beyond seizure reduction or elimination include less exposure to antiseizure medications, which may lead to improved developmental trajectories in children and optimize long-term neurocognitive outcomes and quality of life. Further, there exists emerging experimental evidence that brain network dysfunction exists at the onset of epilepsy, where continuing dysfunctional activity could exacerbate network perturbations. This in turn could lead to expanded seizure foci and contribution to the comorbidities associated with epilepsy. Taken together, we rationalize that epilepsy surgery, in carefully selected cases, may be considered prior to drug resistance. Last, we outline the path forward, including the challenges associated with developing the evidence base and implementing this paradigm into clinical care.
Transfusion-Transmitted Cache Valley Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Al-Heeti Omar , Wu En-Ling , Ison Michael G , Saluja Rasleen K , Ramsey Glenn , Matkovic Eduard , Ha Kevin , Hall Scott , Banach Bridget , Wilson Michael R , Miller Steve , Chiu Charles Y , McCabe Muniba , Bari Chowdhury , Zimler Rebecca A , Babiker Hani , Freeman Debbie , Popovitch Jonathan , Annambhotla Pallavi , Lehman Jennifer A , Fitzpatrick Kelly , Velez Jason O , Davis Emily H , Hughes Holly R , Panella Amanda , Brault Aaron , Staples J Erin , Gould Carolyn V , Tanna Sajal
Published: July 2022

Background

Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is a rare cause of disease in humans. In the fall of 2020, a patient developed encephalitis 6 weeks following kidney transplantation and receipt of multiple blood transfusions.

Methods

After ruling out more common etiologies, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed. We reviewed the medical histories of the index kidney recipient, organ donor, and recipients of other organs from the same donor and conducted a blood traceback investigation to evaluate blood transfusion as a possible source of infection in the kidney recipient. We tested patient specimens using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the plaque reduction neutralization test, cell culture, and whole-genome sequencing.

Results

CVV was detected in CSF from the index patient by mNGS, and this result was confirmed by RT-PCR, viral culture, and additional whole-genome sequencing. The organ donor and other organ recipients had no evidence of infection with CVV by molecular or serologic testing. Neutralizing antibodies against CVV were detected in serum from a donor of red blood cells received by the index patient immediately prior to transplant. CVV neutralizing antibodies were also detected in serum from a patient who received the co-component plasma from the same blood donation.

Conclusions

Our investigation demonstrates probable CVV transmission through blood transfusion. Clinicians should consider arboviral infections in unexplained meningoencephalitis after blood transfusion or organ transplantation. The use of mNGS might facilitate detection of rare, unexpected infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Intradialytic parenteral nutrition for patients on hemodialysis: when, how and to whom?
Authors: Carrero Juan J , Severs David , Aguilera Didier , Fiaccadori Enrico , Gonzalez Martin G , Haufe Christoph C , Teta Daniel , Molina Pablo , Visser Wesley
Published: July 2022

Hemodialysis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates as well as low quality of life. Altered nutritional status and protein-energy wasting are important indicators of these risks. Maintaining optimal nutritional status in patients with hemodialysis is a critical but sometimes overlooked aspect of care. Nutritional support strategies usually begin with dietary counseling and oral nutritional supplements. Patients may not comply with this advice or oral nutritional supplements, however , or compliance may be affected by other complications of progressive chronic kidney disease. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) may be a possibility in these cases, but lack of knowledge on practical aspects of IDPN delivery are seldom discussed and may represent a barrier. In this review, we, as a consensus panel of clinicians experienced with IDPN, survey existing literature and summarize our views on when to use IDPN, which patients may be best suited for IDPN, and how to effectively deliver and monitor this strategy for nutritional support.
Antihypertensive drugs and brain function: mechanisms underlying therapeutically beneficial and harmful neuropsychiatric effects
Authors: Carnovale Carla , Perrotta Cristiana , Baldelli Sara , Cattaneo Dario , Montrasio Cristina , Barbieri Silvia S , Pompilio Giulio , Vantaggiato Chiara , Clementi Emilio , Pozzi Marco
Published: July 2022

A bidirectional relationship exists between hypertension and psychiatric disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, and dementia/cognitive decline. Repurposing of antihypertensive drugs to treat mental disorders is thus being explored. A systematic knowledge of the mechanisms of action and clinical consequences of the use of antihypertensive agents on neuropsychiatric functions has not been achieved yet. In this article, we review the putative role of antihypertensive agents in psychiatric disorders, discuss the targets and mechanisms of action, and examine how and to what extent specific drug classes/molecules may trigger, worsen, or mitigate psychiatric symptoms. In addition, we review pharmacokinetics (brain penetration of drugs) and pharmacogenetics data that add important information to assess risks and benefits of antihypertensive drugs in neuropsychiatric settings.

The scientific literature shows robust evidence of a positive effect of α1 blockers on PTSD symptoms, nightmares and sleep quality, α2 agonists on core symptoms, executive function, and quality of life in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, PTSD, Tourette’s syndrome, and β blockers on anxiety, aggression, working memory, and social communication. Renin-angiotensin system modulators exert protective effects on cognition, depression, and anxiety, and the loop diuretic bumetanide reduced the core symptoms of autism in a subset of patients. There is no evidence of clear benefits of calcium channel blockers in mood disorders in the scientific literature. These findings are mainly from preclinical studies; clinical data are still insufficient or of anecdotal nature and seldom systematic. The information herewith provided can support a better therapeutic approach to hypertension, tailored to patients with, or with high susceptibility to, psychiatric illness. It may prompt clinical studies exploring the potential benefit of antihypertensive drugs in selected patients with neuropsychiatric comorbidities that include outcomes of neuropsychiatric interest and specifically assess undesirable effects or interactions.
Estimating Cross-Industry Cross-Country Interaction Models Using Benchmark Industry Characteristics
Authors: Ciccone Antonio , Papaioannou Elias
Published: July 2022

Cross-industry cross-country models are used to address a wide array of questions in economics. They do so by analysing how the economic performance of industries in different countries depends on an interaction effect between industry and country characteristics. As the relevant industry characteristics are unobservable in most countries, they are approximated by industry characteristics in a benchmark country. We show that this approach generally yields biased estimates of the industry–country interaction effect. The sign of the bias depends on whether or not technologically similar countries tend to be similar in other country characteristics. We propose an alternative estimation approach.
Iatrogenic cardiac perforation due to pacemaker and defibrillator leads: a contemporary multicentre experience
Authors: Waddingham Peter H , Elliott James , Bates Alexander , Bilham James , Muthumala Amal , Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Ullah Waqas , Hunter Ross J , Lambiase Pier D , Lane Rebecca E , Chow Anthony W C
Published: July 2022

Aims

To determine the incidence, clinical features, management, and outcomes of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead cardiac perforation. Cardiac perforations due to PM and ICD leads are rare but serious complications. Clinical features vary widely and may cause diagnostic delay. Management strategies are non-guideline based due to paucity of data.

Methods and results

A multicentre retrospective series including 3 UK cardiac tertiary centres from 2016 to 2020. Patient, device, and lead characteristics were obtained including 6-month outcomes. Seventy cases of perforation were identified from 10 631 procedures; perforation rate was 0.50% for local implants. Thirty-nine (56%) patients were female, mean ( ± standard deviation) age 74 ( ± 13.8) years. Left ventricular ejection fraction 51 ( ± 13.2) %. Median time to diagnosis was 9 (range: 0–989) days. Computed tomography (CT) diagnosed perforation with 97% sensitivity. Lead parameter abnormalities were present in 86% (whole cohort) and 98.6% for perforations diagnosed >24 h. Chest pain was the commonest symptom, present in 46%. The management strategy was percutaneous in 98.6% with complete procedural success in 98.6%. Pericardial effusion with tamponade was present in 17% and was associated with significantly increased mortality and major complications. Anticoagulation status was associated with tamponade by multivariate analysis (odds ratio 21.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–275.5, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

Perforation was rare (0.50%) and managed successfully by a percutaneous strategy with good outcomes. Tamponade was associated with increased mortality and major complications. Anticoagulation status was an independent predictor of tamponade. Case complexity is highly variable and requires skilled operators with a multi-disciplinary approach to achieve good outcomes.
Comparative chemical genomic profiling across plant-based hydrolysate toxins reveals widespread antagonism in fitness contributions
Authors: Vanacloig-Pedros Elena , Fisher Kaitlin J , Liu Lisa , Debrauske Derek J , Young Megan K M , Place Michael , Hittinger Chris Todd , Sato Trey K , Gasch Audrey P
Published: July 2022

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used extensively in fermentative industrial processes, including biofuel production from sustainable plant-based hydrolysates. Myriad toxins and stressors found in hydrolysates inhibit microbial metabolism and product formation. Overcoming these stresses requires mitigation strategies that include strain engineering. To identify shared and divergent mechanisms of toxicity and to implicate gene targets for genetic engineering, we used a chemical genomic approach to study fitness effects across a library of S. cerevisiae deletion mutants cultured anaerobically in dozens of individual compounds found in different types of hydrolysates. Relationships in chemical genomic profiles identified classes of toxins that provoked similar cellular responses, spanning inhibitor relationships that were not expected from chemical classification. Our results also revealed widespread antagonistic effects across inhibitors, such that the same gene deletions were beneficial for surviving some toxins but detrimental for others. This work presents a rich dataset relating gene function to chemical compounds, which both expands our understanding of plant-based hydrolysates and provides a useful resource to identify engineering targets.