bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D virtual reality vs. 2D desktop registration user interface comparison
Authors: Bueckle Andreas , Buehling Kilian , Shih Patrick C. , Börner Katy
Published: October 2021

Working with organs and extracted tissue blocks is an essential task in many medical surgery and anatomy environments. In order to prepare specimens from human donors for further analysis, wet-bench workers must properly dissect human tissue and collect metadata for downstream analysis, including information about the spatial origin of tissue. The Registration User Interface (RUI) was developed to allow stakeholders in the Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) to register tissue blocks—i.e., to record the size, position, and orientation of human tissue data with regard to reference organs. The RUI has been used by tissue mapping centers across the HuBMAP consortium to register a total of 45 kidney, spleen, and colon tissue blocks, with planned support for 17 organs in the near future. In this paper, we compare three setups for registering one 3D tissue block object to another 3D reference organ (target) object. The first setup is a 2D Desktop implementation featuring a traditional screen, mouse, and keyboard interface. The remaining setups are both virtual reality (VR) versions of the RUI: VR Tabletop, where users sit at a physical desk which is replicated in virtual space; VR Standup, where users stand upright while performing their tasks. All three setups were implemented using the Unity game engine. We then ran a user study for these three setups involving 42 human subjects completing 14 increasingly difficult and then 30 identical tasks in sequence and reporting position accuracy, rotation accuracy, completion time, and satisfaction. All study materials were made available in support of future study replication, alongside videos documenting our setups. We found that while VR Tabletop and VR Standup users are about three times as fast and about a third more accurate in terms of rotation than 2D Desktop users (for the sequence of 30 identical tasks), there are no significant differences between the three setups for position accuracy when normalized by the height of the virtual kidney across setups. When extrapolating from the 2D Desktop setup with a 113-mm-tall kidney, the absolute performance values for the 2D Desktop version (22.6 seconds per task, 5.88 degrees rotation, and 1.32 mm position accuracy after 8.3 tasks in the series of 30 identical tasks) confirm that the 2D Desktop interface is well-suited for allowing users in HuBMAP to register tissue blocks at a speed and accuracy that meets the needs of experts performing tissue dissection. In addition, the 2D Desktop setup is cheaper, easier to learn, and more practical for wet-bench environments than the VR setups.
Healthcare spending in U.S. emergency departments by health condition, 2006–2016
Authors: Scott Kirstin Woody , Liu Angela , Chen Carina , Kaldjian Alexander S. , Sabbatini Amber K. , Duber Herbert C. , Dieleman Joseph L.
Published: October 2021

Background

Healthcare spending in the emergency department (ED) setting has received intense focus from policymakers in the United States (U.S.). Relatively few studies have systematically evaluated ED spending over time or disaggregated ED spending by policy-relevant groups, including health condition, age, sex, and payer to inform these discussions. This study’s objective is to estimate ED spending trends in the U.S. from 2006 to 2016, by age, sex, payer, and across 154 health conditions and assess ED spending per visit over time.

Methods and findings

This observational study utilized the National Emergency Department Sample, a nationally representative sample of hospital-based ED visits in the U.S. to measure healthcare spending for ED care. All spending estimates were adjusted for inflation and presented in 2016 U.S. Dollars. Overall ED spending was $79.2 billion (CI, $79.2 billion-$79.2 billion) in 2006 and grew to $136.6 billion (CI, $136.6 billion-$136.6 billion) in 2016, representing a population-adjusted annualized rate of change of 4.4% (CI, 4.4%-4.5%) as compared to total healthcare spending (1.4% [CI, 1.4%-1.4%]) during that same ten-year period. The percentage of U.S. health spending attributable to the ED has increased from 3.9% (CI, 3.9%-3.9%) in 2006 to 5.0% (CI, 5.0%-5.0%) in 2016. Nearly equal parts of ED spending in 2016 was paid by private payers (49.3% [CI, 49.3%-49.3%]) and public payers (46.9% [CI, 46.9%-46.9%]), with the remainder attributable to out-of-pocket spending (3.9% [CI, 3.9%-3.9%]). In terms of key groups, the majority of ED spending was allocated among females (versus males) and treat-and-release patients (versus those hospitalized); those between age 20–44 accounted for a plurality of ED spending. Road injuries, falls, and urinary diseases witnessed the highest levels of ED spending, accounting for 14.1% (CI, 13.1%-15.1%) of total ED spending in 2016. ED spending per visit also increased over time from $660.0 (CI, $655.1-$665.2) in 2006 to $943.2 (CI, $934.3-$951.6) in 2016, or at an annualized rate of 3.4% (CI, 3.3%-3.4%).

Conclusions

Though ED spending accounts for a relatively small portion of total health system spending in the U.S., ED spending is sizable and growing. Understanding which diseases are driving this spending is helpful for informing value-based reforms that can impact overall health care costs.
Modelling the Pleistocene colonisation of Eastern Mediterranean islandscapes
Authors: Moutsiou Theodora , Reepmeyer Christian , Kassianidou Vasiliki , Zomeni Zomenia , Agapiou Athos
Published: October 2021

Predictive models have become an integral part of archaeological research, particularly in the discovery of new archaeological sites. In this paper, we apply predictive modeling to map high potential Pleistocene archaeological locales on the island of Cyprus in the Eastern Mediterranean. The model delineates landscape characteristics that denote areas with high potential to unearth Pleistocene archaeology while at the same time highlighting localities that should be excluded. The predictive model was employed in surface surveys to systematically access high probability locales on Cyprus. A number of newly identified localities suggests that the true density of mobile hunter-gatherer sites on Cyprus is seriously underestimated in current narratives. By adding new data to this modest corpus of early insular sites, we are able to contribute to debates regarding island colonisation and the role of coastal environments in human dispersals to new territories.
Facilitators and barriers to physicians’ entrepreneurial ventures in major Japanese cities: A qualitative study
Authors: Yashiro Daichi , Nawa Nobutoshi , Okada Eriko , Kato Hiroaki , Yonemori-Matsumoto Sarara , Kashimada Ayako , Itsui Yasuhiro , Tanaka Yujiro
Published: October 2021

Background

The Japanese healthcare system currently faces numerous challenges, including a super-aging society and an excessive burden on medical workers; therefore, the need for innovative solutions from healthcare ventures to tackle these issues has increased. Meanwhile, as physicians play important roles in healthcare ventures, the need for Japanese physician entrepreneurs is more important than ever. Given the lack of research examining barriers to physicians starting ventures and what skills, knowledge, and surrounding environments act as facilitators, this study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers faced by physicians to start ventures.

Methods

Between September and November 2019 and in May 2021, qualitative interviews were conducted with 33 participants, which included eight physician entrepreneurs; two administrative officers at the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; three faculty members at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (in-depth interviews); and 20 medical students (focus group discussions). The interviews were deductively coded based on the social ecological model. The inductive approach was applied to coding any knowledge necessary to start a business. We conducted member checking with three physician entrepreneurs and seven medical students to improve our results’ credibility.

Results

The factors influencing a physician’s decision to launch a new business include their willingness to contribute to society, the unique environment in which an individual is placed while in medical school and afterward, negative aspects of the lack of diversity in physicians’ careers, the financial stability provided by a medical license, and self-efficacy.

Conclusions

Our study revealed facilitators and barriers to physicians’ entrepreneurial ventures. Knowledge about these factors might be useful in supporting physicians to launch or become involved in healthcare ventures.
Inheritances, social classes, and wealth distribution
Authors: Patrício Pedro , Araújo Nuno A. M.
Published: October 2021

We consider a simple theoretical model to investigate the impact of inheritances on the wealth distribution. Wealth is described as a finite resource, which remains constant over different generations and is divided equally among offspring. All other sources of wealth are neglected. We consider different societies characterized by a different offspring probability distribution. We find that, if the population remains constant, the society reaches a stationary wealth distribution. We show that inequality emerges every time the number of children per family is not always the same. For realistic offspring distributions from developed countries, the model predicts a Gini coefficient of G ≈ 0.3. If we divide the society into wealth classes and set the probability of getting married to depend on the distance between classes, the stationary wealth distribution crosses over from an exponential to a power-law regime as the number of wealth classes and the level of class distinction increase.
Validity and reliability of the Serbian COVID Stress Scales
Authors: Milic Marija , Dotlic Jelena , Rachor Geoffrey S. , Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Joksimovic Bojan , Stevanovic Jasmina , Lazic Dragoslav , Stanojevic Ristic Zorica , Subaric Filimonovic Jelena , Radenkovic Nikoleta , Cakic Milica , Gazibara Tatjana
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to generate a linguistic equivalent of the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) in the Serbian language and examine its psychometric characteristics. Data were collected from September to December 2020 among the general population of three cities in Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska, countries where the Serbian language is spoken. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, followed by the CSS and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The CSS was validated using the standard methodology (i.e., forward and backward translations, pilot testing). The reliability of the Serbian CSS was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients and convergent validity was evaluated by correlating the CSS with PSS. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the Serbian CSS. This study included 961 persons (52.8% males and 47.2% females). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the Serbian CSS was 0.964 and McDonald’s omega was 0.964. The Serbian CSS with 36 items and a six-factorial structure showed a measurement model with a satisfactory fit for our population (CMIN/DF = 4.391; GFI = 0.991; RMSEA = 0.025). The CSS total and all domain scores significantly positively correlated with PSS total score. The Serbian version of the CSS is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used in assessing COVID-19-related distress experienced by Serbian speaking people during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as future epidemics and pandemics.
Global estimated Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of diarrheal diseases: A systematic analysis of data from 28 years of the global burden of disease study
Authors: Karambizi Natacha U. , McMahan Christopher S. , Blue Carl N. , Temesvari Lesly A.
Published: October 2021

Background

Diarrheal disease (DD)-associated mortality has declined since 1990; however, the incidence of DD has experienced a less-pronounced decrease. Thus, it is important to track progress in managing DD by following loss of healthy years. A disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which combines data on years-of-life lost (YLL) and years-lived with-disability (YLD), is a metric that can track such a burden.

Methods and findings

Using all 28 years of data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we compared DD DALYs among different demographic subsets including sex, age, country, and World Bank (WB) income level. We also evaluated DD DALYs as a function of the socio-demographic index (SDI), a measure of a region’s socio-demographic development. On a global level, DD DALYs have decreased by approximately 85.43% from 1990 to 2017. Incidence and prevalence have decreased by 1.53% and 4.45%, respectively. A dramatic decrease in DD DALYs were observed for WB low-income countries, but not for WB high-income constituents. The temporal decrease in DD DALY rates in WB low-income countries was likely driven by a decrease in YLL. Alternatively, temporal increases in both YLL and YLD may have contributed to the apparent lack of progress in WB high-income countries. Regardless of WB income classification, children under the age of five and the elderly were the most vulnerable to DD. In nearly every year from 1990 to 2017, DD DALYs for females were higher than those for males in WB high-income regions, but lower than those for males in WB low-income constituents. The reason for these differences is not known. We also observed that the rate of DD DALYs was highly correlated to SDI regardless of WB income classification.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the only temporal study of DD DALYs that encompasses all 28 years of data available from the GBD. Overall, our analyses show that temporal reductions in DD DALYs are not equivalent across regions, sexes and age groups. Therefore, careful attention to local and demography-specific risk factors will be necessary to tailor solutions in region- and demography-specific manners.
Use of anti-gSG6-P1 IgG as a serological biomarker to assess temporal exposure to Anopheles’ mosquito bites in Lower Moshi
Authors: Kassam Nancy A. , Kulaya Neema , Kaaya Robert D. , Schmiegelow Christentze , Wang Christian W. , Kavishe Reginald A. , Alifrangis Michael
Published: October 2021

Background

Malaria prevalence in the highlands of Northern Tanzania is currently below 1% making this an elimination prone setting. As climate changes may facilitate increasing distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in such settings, there is a need to monitor changes in risks of exposure to ensure that established control tools meet the required needs. This study explored the use of human antibodies against gambiae salivary gland protein 6 peptide 1 (gSG6-P1) as a biomarker of Anopheles exposure and assessed temporal exposure to mosquito bites in populations living in Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania.

Methods

Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2019: during the dry season in March, at the end of the rainy season in June and during the dry season in September. Blood samples were collected from enrolled participants and analysed for the presence of anti-gSG6-P1 IgG. Mosquitoes were sampled from 10% of the participants’ households, quantified and identified to species level. Possible associations between gSG6-P1 seroprevalence and participants’ characteristics were determined.

Results

The total number of Anopheles mosquitoes collected was highest during the rainy season (n = 1364) when compared to the two dry seasons (n = 360 and n = 1075, respectively). The gSG6-P1 seroprevalence increased from 18.8% during the dry season to 25.0% during the rainy season (χ2 = 2.66; p = 0.103) followed by a significant decline to 11.0% during the next dry season (χ2 = 12.56; p = 0.001). The largest number of mosquitoes were collected in one village (Oria), but the seroprevalence was significantly lower among the residents as compared to the rest of the villages (p = 0.039), explained by Oria having the highest number of participants owning and using bed nets. Both individual and household gSG6-P1 IgG levels had no correlation with numbers of Anopheles mosquitoes collected.

Conclusion

Anti-gSG6-P1 IgG is a potential tool in detecting and distinguishing temporal and spatial variations in exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites in settings of extremely low malaria transmission where entomological tools may be obsolete. However studies with larger sample size and extensive mosquito sampling are warranted to further explore the association between this serological marker and abundance of Anopheles mosquito.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN FACILITIES TO IMPROVE INSTITUTION QUALITY SCHOOL
Authors: Pakpahan Poetri Leharia , Hidayati Wiji
Published: October 2021

One of the improvements in the quality of education is the fulfillment of the needs for facilities and adequate, quality, and ready-to-use educational infrastructure. So as for the impact of the lack of proper infrastructure of school institutions, namely that it can reduce student achievement in learning activities, especially in class. Therefore, to improve the quality of education in schools, management of facilities and infrastructure is needed to meet the needs of the student learning process at school. This study aims to determine the implementation of total quality management in improving the quality of infrastructure in schools. This research using library research with analytical study methods (library research), namely research carried out using a library alias literature, either in the form of notes, books, journals, or reports of previous research results. The analytical study used is content analytical and analytical descriptions of total quality management to improve infrastructure at school. The results of this study indicate that the facilities and infrastructure at the school are inadequate standards. Therefore, the use of infrastructure in the learning process must also be improved, as an increase in service quality continuously meets the reality and expectations for customers.
ANALISIS KELEMAHAN PENGATURAN PENGUPAHAN BAGI PROFESI DOKTER DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nur Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Hasil survei Jaringan Dokter Junior Indonesia (JDN) pada 1-30 Agustus 2018 menyatakan sebanyak 26,24 persen dokter umum di tempat kerja utama Indonesia masih dibayar di bawah tiga juta rupiah per bulan. Kemudian, ada 8,89 persen dokter yang bahkan digaji di bawah satu setengah juta rupiah per bulan. Karena gaji rendah yang diperoleh, banyak dokter akhirnya harus mengambil jam kerja tambahan di beberapa lokasi praktik untuk meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Bekerja terus menerus untuk dokter meningkatkan risiko malpraktek dan membahayakan pasien. Upah rendah juga membuat dokter apatis terhadap pekerjaan mereka dan sulit berempati dengan pasien serta memicu praktik kerja sama antara perusahaan farmasi dan dokter yang ilegal. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa rendahnya upah dokter disebabkan oleh kelemahan peraturan perundang-undangan, kelemahan peraturan profesi dokter, dan kelemahan perjanjian kerja.
Tailoring data source distributions for fairness-aware data integration
Authors: Nargesian Fatemeh , Asudeh Abolfazl , Jagadish H. V.
Published: October 2021

Data scientists often develop data sets for analysis by drawing upon sources of data available to them. A major challenge is to ensure that the data set used for analysis has an appropriate representation of relevant (demographic) groups: it meets desired distribution requirements. Whether data is collected through some experiment or obtained from some data provider, the data from any single source may not meet the desired distribution requirements. Therefore, a union of data from multiple sources is often required. In this paper, we study how to acquire such data in the most cost effective manner, for typical cost functions observed in practice. We present an optimal solution for binary groups when the underlying distributions of data sources are known and all data sources have equal costs. For the generic case with unequal costs, we design an approximation algorithm that performs well in practice. When the underlying distributions are unknown, we develop an exploration-exploitation based strategy with a reward function that captures the cost and approximations of group distributions in each data source. Besides theoretical analysis, we conduct comprehensive experiments that confirm the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Ekonomiczny aspekt bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w gospodarstwach domowych osób starszych z uwzględnieniem wybranych cech socjodemograficznych
Authors: Gajda Robert , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta
Published: October 2021

Podstawowe przyczyny braku bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w gospodarstwach domowych osób starszych związane są z ubóstwem, polityką społeczną i dochodami. Celem pracy była ocena w aspekcie ekonomicznym bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w gospodarstwach domowych osób starszych z uwzględnieniem wybranych cech socjodemograficznych. W badaniach zastosowano autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Ponad 25 % badanych wyraziło opinię, że w ich gospodarstwach domowych brakowało żywności lub występowały obawy związane z jej brakiem z powodu ograniczonych środków finansowych. Płeć i wiek nie były czynnikami statystycznie istotnie różnicującymi taką opinię (zgodnie z testem χ2), ale w ramach analizy MCA (Multiple Correspondence Analysis) wykazano związek między tą opinią a wiekiem badanych (75 lat i więcej). Z kolei miejsce zamieszkania, wykształcenie i skład osobowy gospodarstwa domowego respondentów to cechy socjodemograficzne, które statystycznie istotnie różnicowały powyższą opinię badanych (test χ²). Ponadto na podstawie analizy MCA wykazano związek między: zamieszkaniem na wsi, wykształceniem podstawowym oraz zamieszkaniem bez partnera, ale z rodziną a opinią o braku bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego. Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w gospodarstwach domowych osób starszych wymaga opracowania strategii pomocy państwowej i społecznej.
Differences in Gross Motor Development among Early School Children: Comparison on Team and Individual Sports
Authors: Mehamad Mohd Fahme Zamzam Bin , Abdullah Borhannuddin Bin , Samsuddin Shamsulariffin
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine the level of gross motor development of children aged eight to ten years involved in individual (I) and team (T) sports by using the Tests of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) method. This study is an ex-post factor involving 360 children in their early schooling stages (M = 180, F = 180). The study involved 2 types of sports: individually (Athletics = 60, Badminton = 60, Taekwondo = 60) and team (Handball = 60, Hockey = 60, Basketball = 60). Descriptive analysis has shown the level of performance for individual sports AEL (M = 8.24, SD = 1.02, DR = Average), AEM (M = 7.16, SD = 0.92, DR = Below Average) and GMDQ (M = 87.87, SD = 5.4, DR = Below Average). For team sports, the age equivalence levels of AEL (M = 8.05, SD = 1.23, DR = Average), AEM (M = 7.84, SD = 1.07, DR = Below Average) and GMDQ (M = 90.02, SD = 6.57, DR = Below Average). There was a significant difference for individual and team sports on the AEL score t (358) = 1.64, p = 0.00. While there was no significant difference for individual and team sports on the AEM score t (358) =-6.45, p = 0.27 and GMDQ t (358) =-3.39, p = 0.06. MANOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences for AEL, AEM and GMDQ scores for athletics, badminton, taekwondo, handball, hockey, and basketball with [F (15,972.12) = 11.82, p <0.001, eta squared = 0.14]. Individual sport types had an AEL age delay of -1.27 years and an AEM of -2.15 years in contrast to team sports with an AEL age delay of -1.25 years and an AEM of only -1.37 years. ANCOVA analysis showed that gender and age could influence the level of gross motor development of individual and team sports. Implementing the gross motor development test provides knowledge and information to teachers and coaches to know athletesâ€™ gross motor acquisition. Teachers and coaches could also design a training program to help athletes strengthen their gross motor development and improve their athletic performance.
Impact of Fitspiration Content on Social Media among Followers in Singapore Universities
Authors: Poh Jia Hui Shericia , Chung Ho Jin
Published: October 2021

Fitspiration content on social media has been popularized over the last few years, with the intention to influence users to lead healthy and fit lifestyles. The present study aimed to identify the impact of fitspiration content on social media among young adult followers in Singapore. Method: Participants were 124 university students in Singapore who completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey included 16 multiple choice questions, 4 short-answer questions and 8 open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics was adopted for quantitative data and content analysis was utilized for qualitative data. The perceived impact of fitspiration content was explained through three themes: 1) Positive impact of fitspiration content on social media, 2) Negative impact of fitspiration content on social media, and 3) Perceived impact of social media on self.  Three other themes were also developed for understanding the conditions influenced by fitspiration content on social media: 1) Evaluation and satisfaction with oneâ€™s fitness journey, 2) Motivational levels of participants, and 3) Diet restrictions. Results showed that positive impact were experienced by the majority of the participants, whereas some participants experienced negative impacts. It was concluded that fitspiration content on social media does inspire users to become a better version of themselves both physically and mentally. However, it is also dependent on the perceptions of the users and the extent to which they allowed such content to influence them.
Efecto de las aguas jabonosas sobre el comportamiento de hemípteros semiacuáticos (Gerromorpha) de dos ecosistemas acuáticos neotropicales
Authors: Arias-Paco Andrés , Mata-Nuñez Melanie , Alvarado-Barrantes Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Los hemípteros semiacuáticos son insectos que podrían ser de los mejores indicadores de la calidad del ambiente acuático, específicamente en cuanto al contenido de sustancias que rompen la tensión superficial. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que evalúen cómo estos insectos se ven afectados por cambios en la tensión superficial del agua. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto que tienen las aguas jabonosas sobre la capacidad de locomoción de tres especies de hemípteros semiacuáticos neotropicales. Métodos: Desde agosto hasta noviembre 2020, realizamos experimentos ex situ, con nueve grupos de diez individuos de la familia Veliidae (N = 90) y Gerridae (N = 90), en donde cada grupo individualmente, fue sometido a la entrada de aguas jabonosas durante tres minutos. Para esto, diseñamos un acuario que consistía en tres cajas de plástico a diferentes alturas, conectadas entre sí, de modo que se generaba un flujo de corriente. Utilizamos jabón en polvo para ropa, jabón líquido para manos, y jabón en barra para platos. De cada tipo de jabón preparamos una concentración baja (9 ppm), media (50 ppm) y alta (200 ppm). Mediante grabaciones, registramos el tiempo que duraron los hemípteros en el agua, así como su capacidad para salir de la misma, y si se hundían o no. Resultados: Encontramos que, sin importar el tipo de jabón, el tiempo que permanecen los hemípteros en el agua contaminada, se reduce drásticamente conforme aumenta la concentración, pero dicho impacto varía según la especie, siendo Rhagovelia solida (familia Veliidae) menos afectada por la contaminación en comparación con Platygerris caeruleus y Potamobates unidentatus (familia Gerridae). Conclusión: El uso de estos táxones como indicadores del grado de contaminación de los ríos por detergentes y jabones, puede ser muy útil, sobre todo si se toma en cuenta las diferencias de sensibilidad según la familia o género del grupo.
Time partitioning among neotropical frugivorous bats: effects of phylogeny, body size, and abundance
Authors: Cano Manuel Francisco , Murillo-García Oscar E.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Resource partitioning by promoting coexistence is essential to determine species richness and composition in natural communities. However, the partitioning of time has been questioned as a mechanism that promotes the coexistence of ecologically similar species. Objective: To determine the importance of the partitioning of time as a mechanism that promotes coexistence, we compared the activity patterns of tropical frugivorous bats. Methods: We captured bats with mist nets from sunset to sunrise in three study sites (tropical dry forest, wet forest, and rainforest) to calculate activity patterns of the species using Kernel density estimation. We used the superposition coefficient (Δ1) to compare activity patterns between (1) bat assemblages of study sites, (2) frugivorous species in the same site, and (3) populations of the same species among different sites. To determine whether the overlap in the activity patterns was related to the ecological similarity of species, we evaluated the association between Δ1 and similarity in abundances and body mass and phylogenetic closeness. Results: We found geographical variations in the overall activity patterns of the assemblages of the three localities. Likewise, we found variations in activity patterns between species at each study site and between populations in different study sites. Overlap in activity patterns tended to decrease as species were phylogenetically more closely related and similar in abundance and body size. Conclusions: Our results provide empirical support for the role of temporal segregation in activity patterns as a mechanism that promotes the coexistence of ecologically similar species in nature.
Arithmetical Functions Commutable with Sums of Squares II
Authors: Kátai Imre , Phong Bui Minh
Published: October 2021

We give all functions ƒ , E: ℕ → ℂ which satisfy the relation

for every a, b, c ∈ ℕ, where h ≥ 0 is an integers and K is a complex number. If n cannot be written as a2 + b2 + c2 + h for suitable a, b, c ∈ ℕ, then ƒ (n) is not determined. This is more complicated if we assume that ƒ and E are multiplicative functions.
The relationship of protective and coping behavior with the manifestation of envy in students of different profiles of training
Authors: Goncharova Elena , Boeva Yuliya
Published: October 2021

The article considers the typology of forms of envy, its functions, analyzes the ratio of types of envy with different types of protective and coping behavior in students of different training profiles.
The study involved 50 students from 19 to 22 years old studying in different specialties of the university. Student age is a period of development of mature mechanisms of protection, constructive coping and envy as a personality trait. The authors started from the assumption that different types of envy are related to different types of protective and coping behavior and their difference among students of different learning profiles. The results of the study prove there is a relationship and interdependence of types of envy with strategies of coping and psychological protection. It was revealed — there is a close relationship between types of envy and coping strategies. It is established that different types of envy are characteristic of students of different profiles of study. Envy-dislike is more pronounced in students of a technical orientation, envy-despondency is the dominant type of envy in humanitarian students. It is proved that avisity-dislike has a positive close relationship with maladaptive confrontational coping in humanitarian students. Planning a solution to the problem and positive reassessment are interdependent and interrelated with envy-hostility among students-technical profile of training. Substitution and hypercompensation are positively interrelated with envy-hostility among humanitarians. Students of the technical profile of education revealed an inverse relationship of envy-despondency with projection and a direct connection with displacement. Envy-dislike is interrelated and interdependent with rationalization.
The author plans to associate further research with the development of diagnostic tools and measures to prevent and correct feelings of envy.
Communication of HIV diagnosis in proper time: scoping review
Authors: Cremonese Luiza , de Mello Padoin Stela Maris , de Paula Cristiane Cardoso
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To map how the communication of the HIV infection diagnosis occurs in pediatrics. Methods: Scoping review of the 64 original articles. We selected research papers in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with the participants: child, adolescent, relative/family, and/or health professional from 2011-2020. We accessed the following sources: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, WoS, ASSIA, PsycINFO, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, Edubase, LILACS, BDENF, and IndexPsi. Results: Regarding the population, it was evident to us that the relative must be the sender of the diagnosis with the professionals’ support; regarding the reasons for the communication, the child maturity, expressed by questions, the necessity of therapy adherence, abilities to communicate and the right of knowing the diagnosis must be considered. The communication channel is centered on materials that promote comprehension, quantity, and quality of information. That indicated an interactive process. Regarding the effects, they are beneficial when the communication occurs at a proper time. Conclusion: Communication must occur through a process that includes professional support to the relatives/family, development of abilities to evaluate the appropriate moment, and the monitoring effect.
Nomophobia among medical students and its association with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance
Authors: Kubrusly Marcos , Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros , Vasconcelos Gabriel Vidal de , Leite Emanuel Delano Lima Gonçalves , Santos Priscilla de Almeida , Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Introduction: As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the adoption of technology remains one of the defining factors of human progress. Nomophobia (NO MObile PHOne PhoBIA) represents a mental condition caused by the fear of being detached from mobile phone connectivity. Such condition is directly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, nomophobia can lead to structural brain damage. Objective: The present study aims to assess the effect of nomophobia on medical students at a private institution and its association with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out in medical students at Centro Universitário Christus. Nomophobia was measured using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The NMP-Q has 20 questions, which are asked on a 7-point Likert scale. This scale has been validated for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Depression, anxiety and stress were measured by the DASS-21, a simplified version of the DASS instrument. The DASS-21 questionnaire was also validated for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Academic performance was measured through API, the product of a complex mathematical operation that results in the student’s average grade in the semester and functions as a reference index for pedagogical follow-up in the assessed institution. In addition, the device use habits were assessed. Descriptive results were presented, and bivariate analyses of association and correlation were performed. This study was approved by the research ethics committee. Result: A sample of 292 students was assessed. Virtually all students (99.7%) had some degree of nomophobia, and 64.5% had a moderate or severe level of nomophobia. More than 50% of the students had higher than mild degrees of stress, and 19.5% and 11.2% of the students had severe or very severe levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. When analyzing the correlation of NMP-Q with DASS-21 scores, it was observed that increases in NMP-Q lead to increases in the overall DASS score (p < 0.001), and that worse results in DASS-21 are associated with worse API. Conclusion: Our study suggests that nomophobia is likely to increase anxiety, stress and depression and, as a result, leads to a decrease in academic performance.
A new Nyceryx Boisduval (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from Central Brazil
Authors: Vitor O Becker
Published: October 2021

Nycetyx brevis sp. n., is described from Central Brazil.
Periimplantitis retrógrada. A propósito de un abordaje conservador
Authors: Martinez-Martinez Adel , Camargo-Coronell Kenny , Branca-Ferrer Silvana
Published: October 2021

La periimplantitis retrograda es una complicación biológica que requiere, en el clínico, conocer las características clínicas y radiográficas que permiten su diagnóstico y manejo. Se considera una patología infecciosa e inflamatoria que se caracteriza por la presencia de una lesión apical clínicamente sintomática, diagnosticada por una radiolucidez que se desarrolla al poco tiempo de la inserción del implante. El objetivo del presente artículo es conocer los criterios diagnósticos y terapéuticos de la entidad, explorando a través de un caso clínico el manejo conservador de la misma. Los autores presentan el caso de una paciente con antecedente de periodontitis apical asintomática asociada a incisivo central maxilar derecho el cual se extrajo y posterior a la regeneración ósea de la zona y colocación de implante dental, presentó tracto fistuloso y lesión apical asociada a implante dental. Luego de un manejo conservador con dos esquemas diferentes de antibioticoterapia se logró eliminar la afección infecciosa e inflamatoria, opción terapéutica que permite resolver el cuadro sin necesidad de una intervención quirúrgica.
The Mediation as a means to resolve administrative disputes
Authors: Dixi Revista , Rostovska Karyna Valeriivna , Hryshyna Nataliia Viktorivna , Kaidash Olesia Yuryevna , Syromiatnikova Marharyta Sergeevna
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is a scientific analysis regarding the understanding of the essence and content of mediation as one of the most effective means to resolve administrative and legal disputes, as well as the latest draft laws, developed by the Government of Ukraine regarding the regulation of the mediation procedure, are analyzed, as a result of which own comments are expressed and recommendations for improving their provisions are provided. The methodological basis of this article was the methods of scientific cognition, which are mostly used in legal science nowadays, namely: formal-legal, analytical and structural-functional.

The historical and legal aspects of the development of the institution of mediation are being analyzed in this work. Based on scientific sources, the essence of mediation has been clarified and the mediation procedure as one of the promising means to resolve administrative disputes has been analyzed. The impact of mediation on the quality of resolving administrative and legal disputes which occur between the subjects of administrative and legal relations is also determined.

The main principles of the mediation procedure are defined and characterized, in particular, such as voluntariness, confidentiality, "sincerity of the parties", neutrality. Proposals are provided regarding the intensification of the use of modern means of mediation during resolving administrative disputes. Emphasis is placed on the successful experience of a number of developed foreign countries in the researched area and the possibilities of its use in Ukraine. The authors conclude that the resolution of administrative disputes through the use of mediation is a quite effective means to resolve conflicts. One of the key advantages of this means is its voluntary and informal nature, which gives ample opportunities for negotiations to the disputing parties.
The Police law within the system of administrative law.
Authors: Bezpalova Olha Ihorivna , Kobzieva Tatiana Anatoliivna , Valeriiovych  Korniienko Volodymyr , Vasylovych Kritsak Ivan
Published: October 2021

Issues of police control and involvement are of great essence when aspects of administrative law are revealed. The issue here is that there is no way or instances where the legitimate protection of individual rights and freedom can be guaranteed without the presence of the police in ensuring that rights are protected through the respect of the rule of law. The only way this protection can be maintained is only through the operation or application of administrative law. When dealing with the concept of police law, emphasis is laid on the responsibilities this law enforcement agencies have when dealing with matters related to state security, protection of individual living in a given society, and to a certain extent, the entire public. There is no doubt that it is the role of the police to maintain peace and security within a given society, but the question we should be posing is whether their functions performed are done within the confines of respecting fundamental human rights, following the due process of the law being the fundamental and imperative basis or essence of administrative law. One thing is to ensure security, and the other one is to ensure that when enforcing this security, fundamental freedoms and rights of individuals will be respected by the supposed called law enforcement officers. It is therefore in this light that one can say, without any questioning, that under no circumstances should police law function without the intervention of administrative law, both most compliment each other, and activities of the police must be done in strict respect and compliance with that of administrative law.
Socio-demographic and clinical patterns of patients with obstructive airway disease
Authors: Adnan Khondekar Mustaq , Sejooti Shabnam Sarwar , Ashrafuzzaman Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Background: Obstructive airway disease (OAD) includes two entities that share many common characteristics. Those are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). On the other hand, in our regular practice, we observe that psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction often occur in patients suffering from such diseases which are also associated with their socio-demographic and clinical status. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the socio-demographic and clinical status of patients with OAD.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study which was conducted at the department of respiratory medicine in the national institute of diseases of the chest and hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March 2018 to February 2019 in collaboration with the department of pathology, radiology, and respiratory laboratory. A total of 160 cases of asthma or COPD were enrolled in this study. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using Windows-based computer software devised with statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS-23.0).Results: A total number of 160 patients were selected and the mean age of the total participants was 53.0±14.0 years. In this study, the male-female ratio of the study people was 1.13:1. The majority (91.2%) of patients were married. Almost three fourth (73.7%) of patients were from rural areas. Almost one-third (31.9%) of patients completed primary education level. The majority (27.5%) of the patients were service holders. The average monthly income was 1871.9±4888.8 taka. Almost two-thirds (66.3%) of patients were smokers. In total 98 (61.3%) patients had COPD and 62 (38.7%) had asthma. In this study in total 98 (61.3%) patients had COPD and 62 (38.7%) had asthma. Among 98 COPD patients 10 (10.2%) had mild, 29 (29.6%) had moderate, 40 (40.8%) had severe and 19 (19.4%) had very severe COPD. Among 62 asthmatic patients 22 (35.5%) had mild, 16 (25.8%) had moderate, 11 (17.7%) had severe and 13 (21.0%) had very severe asthma.Conclusions: According to the findings of this study we can conclude that the frequency of OAD is higher among aged, smokers, married male people than others. The ratio of COPD patients may be higher than asthmatic patients among the rural population of Bangladesh. The mean depression inventory score was found to some higher among asthmatic patients than that of COPD patients.
A study of serum electrolytes level in viral hepatitis E patients in a tertiary care hospital of south Gujarat
Authors: Shah Ravi , Shah Parshv , Shah Hemant , Doctor Nilesh
Published: October 2021

Background: the aim of the study was to find and understand the relation between electrolytes and viral hepatitis E. To study electrolyte abnormality in patients with hepatitis E virus (HEV).Methods: This study is a single centre cross sectional study on the patients with HEV infection. Consecutive cases affected with HEV-at department of medicine, SMIMER (Surat Municipal institute of medical education and research) hospital, Surat during the period of 1 year (July-2019 to June-2020) are taken up for the study.Results: Abnormal electrolytes are associated with higher mortality in patients infected with HEV.Conclusions: A higher mean serum creatinine, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT; lower total protein, albumin, and abnormal electrolytes in body fluid (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++) values are associated with higher mortality in patients infected with HEV.
Role of hydrocortisone and pheniramine as prophylaxis against adverse drug reaction to snake antivenom
Authors: Yaqoob Arjimand , Mufti Showkat A. , Ashraf Sharika
Published: October 2021

Background: Antivenom remains the primary treatment for any patient with serious snake envenomation and in most patients should be used whenever indicated. Reactions to most antivenom preparations are common. Evidence does not support routine pre-treatment with either antihistamines or corticosteroids.Methods: This hospital based retrospective and prospective comparative study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar. In our study 108 patients were studied. Patients in group A received premedication with injection hydrocortisone 100 mg and injection pheniramine 25 mg intravenous (IV) stat before anti-snake venom (ASV). Patients in group B did not receive any premedication. Adverse reactions to ASV was compared in two groups.Results: Out of 108 patients, 105 (97.22%) required ASV. Fifty nine were retrospective cases (group A) who had received premedication with hydrocortisone and pheniramine. Forty six patients were studied prospectively, who received ASV (group B) with no premedication. In group A, no patient developed adverse reaction to ASV. 3 patients (6.52%) in group B developed adverse reaction to ASV.Conclusions: Premedication with hydrocortisone and pheniramine do not prevent adverse reactions to ASV significantly. Adverse reactions to ASV were low in our study to comment fully on role of premedication to prevent these reactions.