bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Sulfur Dance” Around Arenes and Heteroarenes ‐ the Reversible Nature of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions
Authors: Gahlot Sapna , Schmitt Jean‐Louis , Chevalier Aline , Villa Marco , Roy Myriam , Ceroni Paola , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Gingras Marc
Published: January 2024

We disclose the features of a category of reversible nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in view of their significance and generality in dynamic aromatic chemistry. Exchange of sulfur components surrounding arenes and heteroarenes may occur at 25 °C, in a process that one may call a “sulfur dance”. These SNAr systems present their own features, apart from common reversible reactions utilized in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). By varying conditions, covalent dynamics may operate to provide libraries of thiaarenes with some selectivity, or conversion of a hexa(thio)benzene asterisk into another one. The reversible nature of SNAr is confirmed by three methods: a convergence of the products distribution in reversible SNAr systems, a related product redistribution between two per(thio)benzenes by using a thiolate promoter, and from kinetic/thermodynamic data. A four‐component dynamic covalent system further illustrates the thermodynamically‐driven formation of a thiacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine by sulfur component exchanges. This work stimulates the implementation of reversible SNAr in aromatic chemistry and in DCC.
Size dependence of optical activities in helical polymers
Authors: Hatanaka Masashi
Published: January 2024

Chiroptical properties of helical polymers do not always align with the sum of the local contributions of their unit cells. This study investigates the discrepancy in optical rotatory strength between local and global structures using a right‐handed helical polyacetylene model. The chirality is examined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The analysis reveals that, at higher degrees of polymerization, the contribution of chirality from the helical strand generally surpasses the partial chirality from the local structure. The ratio of local contribution to total contribution is deduced within the framework of crystal orbital theory, and a numerical method using Wannier functions is presented for evaluation.
Gewinnung von Fettsäuremethylestern aus industriellem Kaffeesatz
Authors: Grän-Heedfeld Jürgen , Kraft Axel , Fastabend Anna , Kahl Fabian
Published: January 2024

Bei der industriellen Herstellung von Instant‐Kaffee fällt Kaffeesatz (SCG) in großen Mengen als Reststoff an. In einem öffentlich geförderten Forschungsprojekt wurde ein Weg zur stofflichen Nutzung von SCG entwickelt. Hierbei standen zwei Intermediate im Fokus: entölter SCG und funktionalisierte Fettsäuremethylester (FAME). Es wird ein Projektteil beschrieben, in dem ein sequenzieller Prozess mit Extraktion des SCG und anschließender Umsetzung des gewonnenen Kaffeeöls zu FAME entwickelt wurde.
Unveiling the Activity and Mechanism Alterations by Pyrene Decoration on a Co(II) Macrocyclic Catalyst for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Weilu , Huang Hai‐Hua , Luo Zhi‐Mei , Ma Fan , Gonell Sergio , Ke Zhuofeng , Tan Liang , Wang Jia‐Wei
Published: January 2024

Mechanistic studies involving characterization of crucial intermediates are desirable for rational optimization of molecular catalysts toward CO2 reduction, while fundamental challenges are associated with such studies. Herein we present the systematic mechanistic investigations on a pyrene‐appended CoII macrocyclic catalyst in comparison with its pyrene‐free prototype. The comparative results also verify the reasons of the higher catalytic activity of the pyrene‐tethered catalyst in noble‐metal‐free CO2 photoreduction with various photosensitizers, where a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 36±3 % at 425 nm can be obtained for selective CO production. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies in conjunction with DFT calculations between the two catalysts have characterized the key CO‐bound intermediates and revealed their different CO‐binding behavior, demonstrating that the pyrene group endows the corresponding CoII catalyst a lower catalytic potential, a higher stability, and a greater ease in CO release, all of which contribute to its better performance.
Helium atom embedded in non‐ideal classical plasmas: Doubly excited singlet S states
Authors: Das Netai , Ghoshal Arijit , Ho Yew Kam
Published: January 2024

The influence of the non‐ideality (NI) of the classical plasmas on the doubly excited singlet S states of the helium atom (He) embedded in the plasma has been investigated theoretically. A pseudopotential containing the Debye length and the non‐ideality parameter (NIP) as its characteristics is used to represent the screened interaction potentials in the plasma. Using a large wavefunction within the framework of the stabilization method, it has been possible to recognize six doubly excited singlet S states (five lying below the He+(2S) excitation threshold and one lying below the He+(3S) excitation threshold) for the plasma‐free case. The energies and the autoionization life‐times of those states are computed by fitting the density of states to the Lorentzian form. Convergence of the computed results is corroborated by increasing the number of terms in the employed wavefunction. For the plasma‐free case, these results are in excellent agreement with the established results in the literature. A comprehensive analysis has been made on changes induced on those doubly excited states by varying NI over a wide range. It has been observed that the energies of the states gradually approach the corresponding threshold energies with the increasing NI of the plasma, whereas the change in the life‐times (alternatively the widths of the states) of the states shows distinctive features depending on the angular momentum of an individual electron.
Design and optimization of triangular microstrip patch antenna using extreme learning machine (ELM)‐based improved Crystal Structure Algorithm (CryStAl) for C‐band application
Authors: Kumar Jakkuluri Vijaya , Shaby S. Maflin
Published: January 2024

This article introduces Crystal Structure Algorithm (CryStAl), a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm, for fine‐tuning microstrip patch antennas (MPA) in C‐band applications, which utilizes CryStAl with dielectric constant and resonant frequency inputs to optimize MPA dimensions, addressing limited bandwidth and gain issues. Achieves superior antenna performance with 32.71 dB return loss, 5.09 dB gain, and 1.2 VSWR, demonstrating improved convergence speed, radiation pattern, and suitability for diverse C‐band conditions.
Benthic biology influences sedimentation in submarine channel bends: Coupling of biology, sedimentation and flow
Authors: Azpiroz‐Zabala M. , Sumner E. J. , Cartigny M. J. B. , Peakall J. , Clare M. A. , Darby S. E. , Parsons D. R. , Dorrell R. M. , Özsoy E. , Tezcan D. , Wynn R. B. , Johnson J.
Published: January 2024

Submarine channels are key features for the transport of flow and nutrients into deep water. Previous studies of their morphology and channel evolution have treated these systems as abiotic, and therefore assume that physical processes are solely responsible for morphological development. Here, a unique dataset is utilised that includes spatial measurements around a channel bend that hosts active sediment gravity flows. The data include flow velocity and density, alongside bed grain size and channel‐floor benthic macrofauna. Analysis of these parameters demonstrate that while physical processes control the broadest scale variations in sedimentation around and across the channel, benthic biology plays a critical role in stabilising sediment and trapping fines. This leads to much broader mixed grain sizes than would be expected from purely abiotic sedimentation, and the maintenance of sediment beds in positions where all the sediment should be actively migrating. Given that previous work has also shown that submarine channels can be biological hotspots, then the present study suggests that benthic biology probably plays a key role in channel morphology and evolution, and that these need to be considered both in the modern and when considering examples preserved in the rock record.
Comparisons between atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa: Psychological and comorbidity patterns
Authors: Fitterman‐Harris Hannah F. , Han Yuchen , Osborn Kimberly D. , Faulkner Loie M. , Williams Brenna M. , Pennesi Jamie‐Lee , Levinson Cheri A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Literature comparing “atypical” anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) suggests these diagnoses share significant similarities in eating disorder (ED) pathology and psychiatric comorbidities. This study evaluated potential differences in ED pathology, psychiatric comorbidity, associated mechanisms (i.e., ED fears and perfectionism), and demographic factors (i.e., ethnicity and age) between individuals with atypical AN and AN.

Method

Data from seven protocols were combined for a total 464 individuals diagnosed with atypical AN (n = 215) or AN (n = 249). Between‐group differences in ED severity and behaviors, psychiatric comorbidities, ED fears, perfectionism, and demographic factors were assessed using t‐tests, Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and Fisher's exact test.

Results

Participants with atypical AN reported higher levels of overvaluation of weight and shape than those with AN. Participants with AN scored higher on food‐related fears (anxiety about eating, food avoidance behaviors, and feared concerns) and fears of social eating, as well as obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Participants with AN were more likely to identify as Asian or Pacific Islander. No other statistically significant differences were found between groups for overall ED severity, ED behaviors, psychiatric comorbidities, general ED fears, perfectionism, or demographic factors.

Discussion

Overall, results support previous literature indicating limited differences between individuals with atypical AN and AN, though individuals with atypical AN reported more overvaluation of weight and shape and those with AN reported higher food and social eating fears and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Relatively few overall differences between atypical AN and AN highlight the importance of exploring dimensional conceptualizations of AN as an alternative to the current categorical conceptualization.

Public Significance

This study assessed differences among individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa in eating disorder severity and behaviors, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, associated mechanisms, and demographic factors. Few differences emerged, though participants with atypical anorexia nervosa reported more overvaluation of weight and shape, while those with anorexia nervosa reported more food and social eating fears and higher obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Results support exploration of these diagnoses as a spectrum disorder.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)—A potential source of phytochemicals, food, and nutrition—An updated review
Authors: Scaria Shilpa Susan , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Meyyazhagan Arun , Gangwar Jaya , Jaison Juhi Puthukulangara , Kurian Jissa Theresa , Pushparaj Karthika , Pappuswamy Manikanatan , Park Sungkwon , Joseph Kadanthottu Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is believed to be an important staple food crop providing potential valuable food source as well as variety of phytoconstituents. Its starchy tubers provide a significant source of energy for around 500 million individuals. Among staple crops, it is regarded to be one of the top suppliers of carbohydrates. Its physicochemical qualities, as well as its availability, have made it a captivating food component. Cassava starch is a valuable raw material used to make a variety of both native and modified starch for cooking purposes. They have also been used for a variety of industrial uses. Cassava starch and flour have the potential to be valuable alternatives to rice, maize, and wheat crops. The advantages included being a staple diet for humans, a component of animal feeds, a raw ingredient for food processing, edible coatings, locally produced alcoholic beverages, and ethanol manufacturing. The roots consist of cyanogenic glycosides, which can lead to lethal cyanide poisoning if tubers arse not properly detoxified using different processing methods include washing, fermentation, boiling, peeling and chemical processing to escape toxin content. The current review summarizes cassava's bioactive components which could be a potential source of various pharmaceutical drugs as well as a source of traditional and modern food applications.
Protective effect of secretory APE1/Ref‐1 on doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity via suppression of ROS and p53 pathway
Authors: An Soo Yeon , Jin Seon‐Ah , Seo Hee Jeong , Lee Yu Ran , Kim Sungmin , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Jeong Jin‐Ok
Published: January 2024

Aims

The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anthracycline anticancer drug that effectively treats various malignancies, is limited by its side effects, such as cardiomyopathy. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor‐1 (APE1/Ref‐1) is a multifunctional protein that can be secreted and is a promising target for the reduction of DOX‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the protective role of secretory APE1/Ref‐1 against DOX‐induced cardiac injury.

Methods and results

Designated adenoviral preprotrypsin‐leading sequence APE1/Ref‐1 (Ad‐PPTLS‐APE1/Ref‐1) was used to overexpress secretory APE1/Ref‐1 and assess its role in preventing DOX‐induced cardiomyopathy in vitro. Our findings revealed that exposure to secretory APE1/Ref‐1 significantly decreased N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels in DOX‐treated H9C2 cells. In addition, secretory APE1/Ref‐1 reduced the severity of cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity models. The observed cardioprotective effects of secretory APE1/Ref‐1 were mediated via inhibition of the p53 signalling pathway and enhancement of cell viability through attenuation of oxidative stress in DOX‐treated cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence that secretory APE1/Ref‐1 has the potential to inhibit DOX‐induced cardiac toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and p53 related apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that secretory APE1/Ref‐1 supplementation is a promising strategy to attenuate DOX‐induced cardiomyocyte damage in a preclinical model. Further clinical investigations are essential to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the intervention in human subjects.
A comparison of neuromechanical adjustments to traditional and eccentric load reduction weighted jump squats
Authors: Zhang Liang , Yan Bing , Li Nan , Cai Yanni , Wang Jiale , Zhao Xinrong , Girard Olivier
Published: January 2024

We compared neuromechanical adjustments between traditional and eccentric load reduction weighted jump squats (WJSs). On separate visits, sixteen strength‐trained men performed three sets of six consecutive WJS with 0% (traditional WJS) or 50% eccentric loading reduction with a mechanical braking unit, while concentric load was set at 30% of 1 RM in all trials. A force platform and a motion capture system were used to assess neuromechanical parameters during eccentric and concentric phases of WJS. Peak power output (+4.5 ± 4.1%; p < 0.001), maximal concentric velocity (+3.2 ± 3.6%; p = 0.004), jump height (+19.6 ± 17.4%; p < 0.001), and reactive strength index (+28.2 ± 20.0%; p < 0.001) were higher when eccentric load was reduced by 50% versus 0%. Compared with traditional jump squat, eccentric phase duration (−6.7 ± 9.9%; p = 0.014), contact time (−6.3 ± 7.2%; p = 0.004), and time to reach peak power output (−7.8 ± 7.6%; p < 0.001) were shorter, while peak vertical force (−15.2 ± 17.5%; p = 0.005) and eccentric mechanical work (−23.9 ± 6.6%; p < 0.001) were lower with eccentric load reduction. Eccentric depth (p = 0.613), eccentric velocity (p = 0.070), amortization time (p = 0.060), maximal concentric force (p = 0.727), and concentric mechanical work (p = 0.396) did not differ significantly between conditions. Compared with traditional isoinertial loading, eccentric load reduction promoted more favorable neuromechanical adjustments during landing and propulsion phases in turn maximizing WJS performance.
Research on Energy Management Strategy for Extended‐Range Electric Vehicle Based on Bargaining Game
Authors: Ding Xiaofeng , Li Tong , Zhao Fuqiang , Kong Dexin , Wei Mingjun
Published: January 2024

To improve the fuel economy and battery life of extended‐range electric vehicles (EREVs), an energy management strategy (EMS) based on the bargaining game (BG) is proposed. This strategy optimizes the overall economy by optimizing power allocation. First, a bargaining model for EREVs is developed. The model considers the auxiliary power unit (APU) and the battery as two parties of the game. The power allocation between the APU and the battery optimizes both the fuel consumption and the battery life. And it also improves the overall benefit of the vehicle. Second, the effect of the discount factor on the control results is analyzed to obtain the best optimization results. Finally, compared to the thermostat strategy and the dynamic programming‐based strategy, the proposed BG‐based strategy reduces fuel consumption by 27.6% and 1.4% under the World Light Vehicle Test Procedure and reduces the effective ampere‐hour fluxes by 62.7% and 14.6%. Under the China Light‐duty Vehicle Test Cycle, it reduces fuel consumption by 32.5% and 0.5% and reduces the effective ampere‐hour fluxes by 56.8% and 27.5%. The simulation results manifest the excellent performance of the proposed BG‐based EMS.
Heterojunction Engineering of g‐C3N4 with CuO for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Joseph Merin , Haridas Suja , Remello Sebastian Nybin
Published: January 2024

While g‐C3N4 gains increasing attention as a polymeric semiconductor material for photo(electrochemical)applications, various strategies are deployed for enhancing the performance of g‐C3N4, among which heterojunction engineering remains the most preferred due to its high simplicity and efficiency. This work uses a facile wet impregnation to obtain a synergistic g‐C3N4/CuO heterojunction with reduced interfacial resistance. Maximum performance is exhibited at a CuO loading of 5% (by weight). The photocatalytic efficiency can be established by assessing ciprofloxacin degradation under visible light irradiation. A photocurrent density of −3.5 mA cm−2 at −0.67 V is observed when the material is used as a photocathode in a neutral medium, and integration with g‐C3N4 can address the stability issues associated with bare CuO photocathodes.
Enhanced hydrogen storage capacity of graphene oxide through doping with copper ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Hammoodi Omar G. , Mohammed Israa K. , Majeed Abdulwahhab H. , Alheety Mustafa A. , Mohammed Leqaa A. , Yahya M. Z. A.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize nanocomposites consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) in different doping ratios (1%‐5%) and investigate their potential for storing hydrogen gas. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that hydrogen storage at 20°C was not possible with GO alone, but the incorporation of different proportions of copper ferrite nanoparticles significantly improved the hydrogen storage properties of the composite materials. The optimal percentage of copper ferrite was found to be around 3%, and it was observed that the percentage of ferrite added is crucial in determining the hydrogen storage properties of the nanocomposites. The best hydrogen storage value of 3.3% was achieved at a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of 80 bar within just 60 seconds. The adsorption of the composite material was found to be of the second type, with a re‐creation coefficient greater than 0.97 for all the materials tested, indicating favorable adsorption. The b value was up to 0, further confirming the favorable adsorption. Overall, the results demonstrate that the incorporation of copper ferrite nanoparticles can significantly improve the hydrogen storage properties of graphene oxide, and careful selection of the doping ratio is necessary to achieve the optimal performance. These findings have potential implications for the development of efficient hydrogen storage materials for clean energy applications.
Understanding the impact of socioeconomic and health factors on geriatric depression: A comparative study in rural and urban Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Kamal , Islam Md. Nazrul , Uddin Mohammed Taj , Hossain Md Sabbir
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

The prevalence of depression among the elderly is a growing concern, and this study examines the differences between urban and rural areas in terms of geriatric depression.

Methods

Using a two‐stage random sampling approach in urban areas and a multistage random sampling approach in rural areas, the study surveyed 944 elderly individuals of both sexes.

Results

The results indicate that the prevalence of depression was high, with 52.5% of the elderly population experiencing mild to severe depression. The study found that increasing age, female gender, nuclear family structure, and involvement of housewives or others were significant factors affecting depression in urban areas, while increasing age and elderly people without spouses were significant factors in rural areas. Additionally, the study identified hearing impairment, asthma, and arthritis as risk factors for depression in rural areas, and bronchitis, heart disease, and thyroid illness as significant factors in urban areas.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need for policymakers to focus on addressing the mental health needs of older people, particularly women and those without spouses.
Sustainability of medicinal animal products: Tokay geckos and pangolin scales as traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Wang Yifu , Dufour Pauline C. , Yeung Kit Yi , Lo Sum Yi , Cheung Cherry Cheuk Yiu , Dingle Caroline , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Mumby Hannah S.
Published: January 2024

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) utilizes animal products derived from hundreds of species. For some species, such as the pangolins (family Manidae), demand from the medicinal trade has been recognized as a major threat and is under strict regulations to conserve declining endangered populations. In parallel, species such as the tokay gecko (Gekko gecko and Gekko reevesii) have only recently attracted conservation attention due to the high volumes in trade despite an apparently still abundant wild population. In this study, we collected market data to assess the trade in pangolin (illegal trade) and tokay gecko (legal trade) medicinal products. We also collect general public's attitude toward the trade and their understanding on the medicinal use of high‐profile endangered species (pangolins) and less well‐known species (tokay gecko) in Hong Kong. We interviewed a total of 169 shops/clinics and 153 members of the public. We found that tokay gecko was sold in 59% of the surveyed outlets. We estimate that trade volume may reach as many as 0.2 million individuals per year in Hong Kong. The substantial demand for tokay gecko products estimated in this study underscores the urgent need for a thorough assessment of trade sustainability and continuous monitoring of the wild population status of gecko species. In contrast, pangolin scale products were rarely reported, and there was a high level of awareness among sellers regarding the illegality of such products. Our public survey revealed that awareness of the legal status of these products was the most influential factor shaping public choice to support the trade and consequently consume the products. Therefore, setting up legal protection status and enhancing public awareness about the legality of wildlife trade are essential steps toward responsible consumption and conservation. Furthermore, support for the use of alternatives among TCM practitioners presents a promising avenue. This highlights the opportunity to transiting trade toward sustainably sourced alternatives while respecting the traditions associated with TCM.
Sibling and peer bullying victimization in adolescence: Masculinity, femininity, and the moderating role of sex and popularity
Authors: Gaunt Lily , Guy Alexa , Wolke Dieter , Lee Kirsty S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

We investigated whether gender‐typed traits (masculinity and femininity) contemporaneously predicted self‐reported peer victimization, peer‐reported peer victimization, and sibling victimization. We also tested the moderating role of sex and popularity.

Methods

A sample of 2782 British pupils aged 11–16 from Central England, UK was screened for bullying involvement and popularity using self‐report and peer nominations, and a subsample of 704 (52.7% girls) completed a measure of gender‐typed traits (masculinity and femininity).

Results

Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that low levels of masculine traits were associated with greater risk of self‐reported peer victimization, there were no associations with peer‐reported peer victimization, and low levels of feminine traits were associated with greater risk of self‐reported sibling victimization. The effects were not moderated by sex, while popularity decreased the risk of self‐ and peer‐reported peer victimization.

Conclusions

Bullying prevention interventions could benefit from including the positive facets of feminine and masculine traits.
LINC00624 affects hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis through the miR‐342‐3p/DNAJC5 axis
Authors: Xu Huawei , Shen Peng , Fang Jian , Jiang Jihua , Shi Yinsheng , Xu Pengcheng , Jiang Renya , Wang Zhengfei
Published: January 2024

LINC00624 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) which was seldom investigated before. The goal of our study is to clarify the expression and underlying network of LINC00624 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, both HCC and normal living cell lines were employed. Real‐time quantitative PCR and western blot were used to determine the pattern of genes and proteins. Colony formation, flow cytometry and western blot tests were used to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Dual luciferase was used to verify molecule‐molecule interactions. LINC00624 expression was increased in HCC cell lines and miR‐342‐3p was decreased. Elimination of LINC00624 increased proliferation while decreasing cell apoptosis. LINC00624 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐342‐3p, hence facilitating DNAJC5 expression. Functional tests demonstrated that miR‐342‐3p suppression could reverse the effect of LINC00624 silence and overexpression of DNAJC5 significantly mitigated the biological consequences of miR‐342‐3p. These finding demonstrated that LINC00624 aggravated HCC progression by modulating proliferation and apoptosis via targeting miR‐342‐3p/DNAJC5 axis. These data support that inhibition of LINC00624 may a potential treatment strategies of HCC.
Synthesis of novel [1,2,3]triazolo[4′,5′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thieno[2,3‐d] pyrimidines: Potent EGFR targeting anti‐breast cancer agents
Authors: Samala Rajkumar , M Ranadheer Kumar , Bapuram Ashok Kumar , Nasipireddy Venkatarathnam , Narsimha Sirassu
Published: January 2024

In this study, we designed and synthesized several novel fused [1,2,3]triazolo [4′,5′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives using in a single [3 + 2] reaction cycloaddition reaction of 3‐(3‐iodoprop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one (4) followed by C‐C bond coupling with various aryl azides in a PEG‐400 medium. All of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for EGFR kinase inhibitory action as well as anti‐breast cancer activity against MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. When compared to the reference molecule, erlotinib, the majority of the compounds demonstrated adequate efficacy. The most promising compounds, 5g and 5i, demonstrated excellent anticancer activity against both cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 04.17 ± 0.55 to 8.65 ± 0.89 μM, respectively, as well as excellent kinase inhibitory activities (EGFR: IC50 = 0.467 ± 0.063 and 0.412 ± 0.081 μM). The in silico studies of five potent compounds 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, and 5k were also carried out to identify the interactions against the EGFR receptor and found that the energy calculations were covenant with the obtained IC50 values.
Optimization of an allelic discrimination real‐time RT‐PCR assay for detection of H275Y oseltamivir resistance gene mutation among influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Harish Gandhapu , Shetty Ujwal , Varamballi Prasad , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Jagadesh Anitha
Published: January 2024

Influenza virus is known to cause mild to severe respiratory infections and is also prone to genetic mutations. Of all the mutations, neuraminidase (NA) gene mutations are a matter of concern, as most approved antivirals target this protein. During the 2020 influenza season, an emergence of mutation in the NA gene, affecting the binding of the World Health Organization (WHO)‐recommended probes to the specific site of the NA gene, was reported by our group. As a result of this mutation, the WHO‐recommended allelic discrimination real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was unable to detect wild‐type (H275) or mutant oseltamivir‐resistant (Y275) strains of influenza A(H1N1)pmd09 viruses. In the current study, the WHO‐recommended probes were redesigned according to the mutation in the probe binding site. Fifty undetermined samples (2020–2021) from the previous study were retested with the newly designed probes and found to be positive for H275 and/or Y275. The results obtained were similar to the Sanger sequencing results from the previous study, suggesting that the redesigned probes were efficient in discriminating between wild‐type and mutant‐type viruses. Furthermore, 133 samples from 2022, making a total of 183 samples (2020–2022), were tested using improved allelic discrimination real‐time RT‐PCR, and the overall prevalence rate of oseltamivir resistance in 2020–2022 was found to be 0.54%.
The benefits of inclusive organizational behavior: Why diversity climate improves mental health and retention among women during a crisis
Authors: Lacerenza Christina N. , Johnson Stefanie K. , Lambert Brittany , Van Wagoner H. Phoenix
Published: January 2024

The sudden proliferation of virtual work and isolation during the COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in mental health concerns and increased workplace exits, particularly for women. We examine how inclusive organizational behavior in the form of a positive diversity climate impacts stereotype threat, anxiety, and turnover intentions. Across two studies, we find support for the relationship between diversity climate and stereotype threat for women which relates to anxiety and turnover intentions. Capitalizing on a naturalistic experiment created by COVID‐19, we find women report significant increases in anxiety and turnover intentions after the initial stay‐at‐home orders. We explore the impact to mental health further and find that women working in an organization with a low diversity climate exhibited symptoms that increased to severe levels of anxiety (based on validated clinical cut‐offs) after the initial stay‐at‐home orders. In contrast, women working in a more positive diversity climate did not experience as drastic an increase in anxiety. We interpret these findings through the lens of the job demands–resources model; as a critical job resource, diversity climate reduces gender‐specific job demands for women (i.e., stereotype threat), providing them the ability to cope when they are faced with unforeseen job demands.
Characterization of a Diverse Set of Conditionally Reprogrammed Head and Neck Cancer Cell Cultures
Authors: Ow Thomas J. , Mehta Vikas , Li Daniel , Thomas Carlos , Shrivastava Nitisha , Kawachi Nicole , Gersten Adam J. , Zhu Jing , Schiff Bradley A. , Smith Richard V. , Rosenblatt Gregory , Augustine Stelby , Prystowsky Michael B. , Yin Shanye , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Guha Chandan
Published: January 2024

Objective

To establish and characterize a diverse library of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cultures using conditional reprogramming (CR).

Methods

Patients enrolled on an IRB‐approved protocol to generate tumor cell cultures using CR methods. Tumor and blood samples were collected and clinical information was recorded. Successful CR cultures were validated against banked reference tumors with short tandem repeat genotyping. Cell morphology was archived with photodocumentation. Clinical and demographic factors were evaluated for associations with successful establishment of CR culture. Human papilloma virus (HPV) genotyping, clonogenic survival, MTT assays, spheroid growth, and whole exome sequencing were carried out in selected cultures.

Results

Forty four patients were enrolled, with 31 (70%) successful CR cultures, 32% derived from patients who identified as Black and 61% as Hispanic. All major head and neck disease sites were represented, including 15 (48%) oral cavity and 8 (26%) p16‐positive oropharynx cancers. Hispanic ethnicity and first primary tumors (vs. second primary or recurrent tumors) were significantly associated with successful CR culture. HPV expression was conserved in CR cultures, including CR‐024, which carried a novel HPV‐69 serotype. CR cultures were used to test cisplatin responses using MTT assays. Previous work has also demonstrated these models can be used to assess response to radiation and can be engrafted in mouse models. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated that CR cultures preserved tumor mutation burden and driver mutations.

Conclusion

CR culture is highly successful in propagating HNSCC cells. This study included a high proportion of patients from underrepresented minority groups.

Level of Evidence

Not Applicable Laryngoscope, 134:2748–2756, 2024
NT5DC2 knockdown suppresses progression, glycolysis, and neuropathic pain in triple‐negative breast cancer by blocking the EGFR pathway
Authors: Sang Rui , Yu Xiaoping , Xia Han , Qian Xingxing , Yong Jiacheng , Xu Yan , Sun Yan , Yao Yiran , Zhou Jing , Zhuo Shuangshuang
Published: January 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an exceptionally aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with neuropathic pain. This study explores the effects of 5′‐nucleotidase domain‐containing protein 2 (NT5DC2) on the progression of TNBC and neuropathic pain. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in TNBC and the pathways involved. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays of NT5DC2 were performed in TNBC cells, followed by detection of the extracellular acidification rate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, lactic acid production, glucose uptake, proliferation, migration, and invasion in TNBC cells. Macrophages were co‐cultured with TNBC cells to examine the release of polarization‐related factors and cytokines. A xenograft tumor model was established for in vivo validation. In addition, a mouse model of neuropathic pain was established through subepineural injection of TNBC cells, followed by measurement of the sciatic functional index and behavioral analysis to assess neuropathic pain. NT5DC2 was upregulated in TNBC and was positively correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). NT5DC2 interacted with EGFR to promote downstream signal transduction in TNBC cells. NT5DC2 knockdown diminished proliferation, migration, invasion, the extracellular acidification rate, ATP levels, lactic acid production, and glucose uptake in TNBC cells. Co‐culture with NT5DC2‐knockdown TNBC cells alleviated the M2 polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, NT5DC2 knockdown reduced tumor growth and neuropathic pain in mice. Importantly, activation of the EGFR pathway counteracted the effects of NT5DC2 knockdown. NT5DC2 knockdown protected against TNBC progression and neuropathic pain by inactivating the EGFR pathway.
The interplay of information sharing and distribution mode choice under cap‐and‐trade policy in the ecommerce era
Authors: Li Ling , Guo Qiuyu , Jiang Yushan
Published: January 2024

This paper endeavors to examine the interplay between information sharing and distribution mode in the context of low carbon, while considering the cap‐and‐trade. The findings indicate that under the non‐information sharing, the manufacturer tends to opt for the reselling mode when the carbon price is high; under the information sharing, the manufacturer is inclined towards the reselling mode when both the carbon price and investment cost coefficient are high. Interestingly, we find that the information sharing decision of the platform triggers an induced effect on the distribution mode selection of the manufacturer, and this effect is bi‐directional and conditional.
The macrocycle inhibitor landscape of SLC‐transporter
Authors: Granulo Nejra , Sosnin Sergey , Digles Daniela , Ecker Gerhard F.
Published: January 2024

In the past years the interest in Solute Carrier Transporters (SLC) has increased due to their potential as drug targets. At the same time, macrocycles demonstrated promising activities as therapeutic agents. However, the overall macrocycle/SLC‐transporter interaction landscape has not been fully revealed yet. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of macrocycles with measured activity against SLC‐transporter. Using a data mining pipeline based on KNIME retrieved in total 825 bioactivity data points of macrocycles interacting with SLC‐transporter. For further analysis of the SLC inhibitor profiles we developed an interactive KNIME workflow as well as an interactive map of the chemical space coverage utilizing parametric t‐SNE models. The parametric t‐SNE models provide a good discrimination ability among several corresponding SLC subfamilies’ targets. The KNIME workflow, the dataset, and the visualization tool are freely available to the community.
Introductory editorial: Lifelong LUTS, a matter of transition?
Authors: Everaert Karel , Bou Kheir George , Vande Walle Johan , Verbakel Irina , Hervé François ,   NOPIA Research Group
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The EPIC study has highlighted the prominence of nocturia as a crucial symptom of overactive bladder (OAB), intertwining OAB and nocturia with bladder, kidney, and brain functions.

Methods

Expert opinion, review.

Results

To truly comprehend lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we must delve into the interactions among these three systems, alongside their circadian rhythms.

Conclusion

The perception of LUTS is a result of the intricate interplay between bladder, brain, and kidney function, which may evolve across a lifetime due to the (dys)functionality of these organs.
Food and alcohol disturbance among people who have undergone bariatric surgery
Authors: White Gretchen E. , Steers Mai‐Ly N. , Bernardi Karla , Kalarchian Melissa A.
Published: January 2024

There have been numerous investigations of aberrant eating and substance abuse among patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, which affects the metabolism and the pharmacokinetics of alcohol. However, there is a dearth of literature considering the complex interplay between changes in post‐surgery food and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, despite the increasing recognition of issues surrounding replacing food consumption with alcohol consumption (Food and Alcohol Disturbance [FAD]), most emerging research has focused on young adult populations. This perspective reviews and synthesizes the small but growing body of research on the interplay between food and alcohol consumption, particularly FAD, and considers its application to bariatric surgery in general. There are unique considerations for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. Patients experience altered gastric anatomy, which affects food and alcohol metabolism, and are advised to abstain from drinking alcohol after surgery. After reviewing the available literature, this perspective highlights future directions for research and practice in bariatric surgery.
Tracheostomy and long‐term invasive ventilation decision‐making in children: A scoping review
Authors: Mack Cheryl , Mailo Janette , Ofosu Daniel , Hinai Alreem A. , Keto‐Lambert Diana , Soril Lesley J. J. , van Manen Michael , Castro‐Codesal Maria
Published: January 2024

An increasing number of children are surviving critical illnesses requiring tracheostomy/long‐term ventilation (LTV). This scoping review seeks to collate the available evidence on decision‐making for tracheostomy/LTV in children. Systematic searches of electronic databases and websites were conducted for articles and reports. Inclusion criteria included: (1) children 0–18 years old; (2) described use of tracheostomy or tracheostomy/LTV; and (3) information on recommendations for tracheostomy decision‐making or decision‐making experiences of family‐caregivers or health care providers. Articles not written in English were excluded. Of the 4463 records identified through database search and other methods, a total of 84 articles, 2 dissertations, 1 book chapter, 3 consensus statement/society guidelines, and 8 pieces of grey literature were included. Main thematic domains identified were: (1) legal and moral standards for decision‐making; (2) decision‐making models, roles of decision‐makers, and decisional aids towards a shared decision‐making model; (3) experiences and perspectives of decision‐makers; (4) health system and society considerations; and (5) conflict resolution and legal considerations. A high degree of uncertainty and complexity is involved in tracheostomy/LTV decision‐making. There is a need for a standardized decision‐support process that is consistent with a child's best interests and shared decision‐making. Strategies for optimizing communication and mechanism for managing disputes are needed.
Seroprevalence and biochemical parameters among patients with Chikungunya in Adamaoua region, Cameroon: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Djamko Toko Lise Paule , Galani Tietcheu Borris Rosnay , Tembar Ilyassa Dieudonné , Chuisseu Djamen Pascal Dieudonne , Njintang Yanou Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Background

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is a vector‐borne febrile illness endemic to Africa. In Cameroon, few studies have documented human exposure to CHIKV, especially in the Adamaoua region. This study aimed to assess the CHIKV seroprevalence in Ngaoundere city and analyze likely association with social, clinical, and biochemical determinants.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital from July to October 2022. The sociodemographic and clinical informations of participants were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. Then, blood tests were performed to determine the CHIKV status, the transaminase, and lipid profiles.

Results

Of the 200 persons surveyed, 21.5% (43) were positive for anti‐CHIKV IgM antibodies. Age, sex, occupation, marital status, level of study, and place of residence were not significantly associated with CHIKV. However, fever (RR = 4.19; 42.86%;p = 0.0124), headaches (RR = 4.89; 50%;p = 0.0007), digestive disorders (RR = 6.52; 66.67%;p = 0.0001), and the presence of at least two clinical symptoms (RR = 2.55; 26.09%;p = 0.009) were significantly correlated with the presence of CHIKV compared with the absence of clinical symptoms (RR = 1, 10.23%). Similarly, cases of CHIKV were significantly more important in subjects with high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than in those with normal AST (RR = 2.45; 37.50% vs. 15.28%;p = 0.0006). No significant association was found between alanine‐aminotransferase and lipid profile markers.

Conclusion

Ngaoundere populations seem to be commonly infected with CHIKV, increasing the incidence of febrile symptoms and transaminase elevation. Clinical and metabolic monitoring is required.
Addressing subject heterogeneity in time‐dependent discrimination for biomarker evaluation
Authors: Jiang Xinyang , Li Wen , Li Ruosha , Ning Jing
Published: January 2024

Accurate discrimination has been the central goal in identifying biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and early detection. Acknowledging the fact that discrimination accuracy of biomarkers for a time‐to‐event outcome often changes over time, local measures such as the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and its area under the curve (AUC) are used to assess time‐dependent predictive discrimination. However, such measures do not address subject heterogeneity, although the impact of covariates including demographics, disease‐related characteristics, and other clinical information on the discriminatory performance of biomarkers needs to be investigated before their clinical use. We propose the covariate‐specific time‐dependent AUC, a measure for covariate‐adjusted discrimination. We develop a regression model on the covariate‐specific time‐dependent AUC to understand how and in what magnitude the covariates influence biomarker performance. Then we construct a pseudo partial‐likelihood for estimation and inference. This is followed by our establishing the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and provide variance estimation. The simulation studies and application to the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 175 data demonstrate that the proposed method offers an informative tool for inferring covariate‐specific and time‐dependent predictive discrimination.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of NiTiO3 for the Degradation of Malachite Green under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: El Yakine Layachi Nour , Bendjeffal Hacene , Drici Abdelaziz , Djebli Abdelkrim
Published: January 2024

This study was dedicated to the development of an efficient, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly perovskite system for the elimination of recalcitrant dye from aqueous media by exploiting the photocatalytic performance of
. The material was successfully obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in a Teflon batch‐type reactor system and then characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis. The experimental analysis shows that after calcination at 800 °C, the
phase is well crystallized. The as‐synthesized
shows a band gap energy of
and a surface area of 82.18 m2 −1. The degradation experiments were optimized using the One‐Factor‐at‐a‐Time strategy under the effect of four (4) operating factors, including catalyst dose (0.1–1) g L−1, medium pH (1–11), hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.025–0.250) 
, and
initial dose (5–50) 
. The attained results illustrate that malachite green elimination increased with the rise of the H2O2 concentration and the catalyst dose. The optimum conditions determined at room temperature were
=
=0.5 g L−1,
=0.250 
, and pH 3 with a total removal efficiency (~100 %) achieved after 20 min of reaction. The results showed that the
material is an outstanding visible‐light‐driven catalyst material for the photodegradation of MG under visible‐light irradiation.