bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
dinâmica da tortura no superencarceramento brasileiro
Authors: Simas Fábio do Nascimento
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo visa apresentar a dinâmica das práticas de tortura ocorridas no sistema prisional brasileiro. Para tanto, é feita inicialmente uma contextualização política, histórica e jurídica sobre a tortura no mundo e no Brasil. Em seguida, é realizada uma análise a partir do levantamento de 254 casos de denúncia de tortura acompanhados pela Pastoral Carcerária Nacional entre 1999 e 2017. E finalmente, se elabora uma breve abordagem sobre os desafios do enfrentamento à tortura no contexto brasileiro. O estudo conclui que há um agravamento da tortura no Brasil a partir do superencarceramento e os caminhos para a prevenção à tortura devem passar pela compreensão do significado político da violência de Estado.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PERMAINAN JENGA MODIFIKASI UNTUK MATERI IPA MACAM-MACAM GAYA DAN PEMANFAATANNYA KELAS IV SDN LENTENG AGUNG 03
Authors: Astuti Nike Tri
Published: November 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa media permainan Jenga Edukasi untuk materi IPA (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam) Macam-macam Gaya dan Pemanfaatannya di kelas IV SD. Media permainan Jenga Edukasi ini mengacu pada Tema 7 “Indahnya Keragaman di Negeriku” Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Produk divalidasi keefektifannya oleh ahli bahasa, ahli materi, ahli media, dan guru kelas IV SD. Hasil dari validasi tersebut, media permainan Jenga Edukasi memperoleh penilaian akhir 97,3%. Media diuji coba hanya sampai tahap one to one dikarenakan pandemi covid-19 yang melibatkan lima siswa kelas IV. Hasil dari uji coba tersebut memperoleh 94%. Berdasarkan pengujian keefektifan produk yang telah dilaksanakan, media permainan Jenga Edukasi dinyatakan sangat layak untuk digunakan pada pembelajaran IPA materi Macam-macam Gaya dan pemanfaatannya di kelas IV SD. Media inovatif dan kreatif yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti menjadikan siswa semangat dan termotivasi pada saat penemuan konsep melalui aktivitas proses serta dapat digunakan guru sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran yang lebih optimal, sehingga pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar yang digapai akan lebih memuaskan. 

Kata Kunci: Permainan, Jenga, Gaya dan Pemanfaatannya
Serological Positivity against Selected Flavivirus and Alphavirus in Free-ranging Bats and Birds from Costa Rica Evidence Exposure to Arboviruses Seldom Reported Locally in Humans
Authors: Barrantes Murillo Daniel Felipe , Piche-Ovares Marta , Gamboa Solano Jose Carlos , Romero Luis Mario , Soto-Garita Claudio , Alfaro-Alarcón Alejandro , Corrales-Aguilar Eugenia
Published: November 2021

Arboviruses have two ecological transmission cycles, sylvatic and urban. For some, the sylvatic cycle has not been thoroughly described in America. To study the role of wildlife in a putative sylvatic cycle, we sampled free-ranging bats and birds in two arbovirus endemic locations and analyzed them using molecular, serological, and histological methods. No current infection was detected, and no significant arbovirus-associated histological changes were observed. Neutralizing antibodies were detected against selected arboviruses. In bats, positivity in 34.95% for DENV-1, 16.26% for DENV-2, 5.69% for DENV-3, 4.87% for DENV-4, 2.43% for WNV, 4.87% for SLEV, 0,81% for YFV, 7.31% for EEEV, and 0.81% for VEEV was found. Antibodies against ZIKV were not detected. In birds, PRNT results were positive against WNV in 0.80%, SLEV in 5.64%, EEEV in 8.4%, and VEEV in 5.63%. An additional retrospective PRNT analysis was performed using bat samples from three additional DENV endemic sites resulting in a 3.27% prevalence for WNV and 1.63% for SLEV. Interestingly one sample resulted unequivocally WNV positive confirmed by serum titration. These results suggest that free-ranging bats and birds are exposed to not currently reported hyperendemic-human infecting Flavivirus and Alphavirus, however, their role as reservoirs or hosts is still undetermined.
Pure Superior Wall Acetabular Fracture
Authors: Richards John T. , Overmann Archie L. , D'Alleyrand Jean-Claude G.
Published: November 2021

Case:

We present a case of a pure superior wall acetabular fracture in an US soldier, caused by a collapsing wall. Although Letournel and Judet classified this pattern as a rare variant of a posterior-superior wall acetabular fracture, it shares features of several patterns and the treatment more closely follows that of the anterior-based elementary patterns.

Conclusion:

The mechanism, incidence, and long-term outcomes of this fracture remain unknown, but improved recognition and proper classification may help to guide treatment. This case highlights 1 patient with this unique pattern and outlines its management and short- to mid-term outcome.
LRP16 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating Hippo Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Cong , Xiong Chao , Wang Xianzeng , Sun Ting , Ren Zhenzhen , Li Bingxue , Zhang Man , Zheng Zhaoyang , Liu Hongchun
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the expression of LRP16 in the development of ESCC and the relationship between Hippo signaling pathway and LRP16. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of LRP16 in ESCC tissues. After transfection, the expression of LRP16 was detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot techniques. Cell counting kit (CCK-8), clone formation experiment, flow cytometry and wound healing were used to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and migration of ESCC cells. The changes of factors related to Hippo signaling pathway were determined via RT-qPCR and western blot experiments. The results showed that the LRP16 expression in ESCC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. High expression of LRP16 was related to the depth of invasion, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of ESCC. Furthermore, the knockdown of LRP16 inhibited proliferation, migration and promoted cell apoptosis and made cells arrested in G2/M phase. It also resulted in decreased expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), and increased expression of mammalian STE20-like protein kinase (MST1/2), suggesting that LRP16 promoted the development of ESCC through Hippo signaling pathway. The results of this study suggest that LRP16 may be a carcinogenic gene of ESCC and promotes the progression of ESCC through the regulation of Hippo signaling pathway. Our study provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in the future.
Social Relationships and Its Association With Affective Symptoms of Women With Breast Cancer: a Scoping Review
Authors: Yang Yesol , Lin Yufen , Sikapokoo Grace , Min Se Hee , Caviness-Ashe Nicole , Zhang Jing , Ledbetter Leila , Nolan Timiya
Published: November 2021

Background: Problems in affective and cognitive functioning are among the most common concurrent symptoms that breast cancer patients report. Social relationships may provide some explanations of the clinical variability in affective-cognitive symptoms. Evidence suggests that social relationships (functional and structural aspects) can be associated with patients’ affective-cognitive symptoms; however, such an association has not been well studied in the context of breast cancer. The purpose of this scoping review was to address the following question: What social relationships are associated with affective-cognitive symptoms of women with breast cancer? This scoping review used the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and PRISMA-Sc. Extracted data included research aims, design, sample, type and measures of social relationships (functional and structural), and the association between social relationships and affective-cognitive symptoms. Results: Of sixty-five included studies, none of them focused on cognitive symptoms of breast cancer patients; thus, in this review, we focused on only the affective symptoms of breast cancer patients and their association with patients’ both aspects of social relationships. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that positive social relationships benefit in mitigating affective symptoms of women with breast cancer. Thus, health care providers need to educate patients about the importance of building solid social relationships and encourage them to participate in a supportive network of friends and family members.
Experimental Study on Shear Stress-Displacement, Creep and Shear Slip Instability Behavior of Rock Fractures
Authors: Zhai Minglei , Bai Haibo
Published: November 2021

Rock mass inherently contains discontinuities, and shear sliding of rock masses along discontinuities is the most common failure mode of rock mass in engineering practice (such as slope, dam and tunnel). In this study, the mechanical and failure properties of rock fractures were examined through direct shear tests, pre-peak tiered cyclic shear tests and multistage loading shear creep tests. The results show that the deformable memory of rocks can be observed from shear stress-shear displacement curves, namely reloading curves continued to increase along the loading curve of the last cycle under the pre-peak tiered cyclic shear loading. The envelopes of shear stress-shear displacement curves were similar to the variation trend of shear stress-shear displacement curves obtained in the direct shear test. Besides, the variation trend of residual shear displacement (RSD) and relative residual shear displacement (RRSD) before slip instability were obtained by the data analyses of rock mass under pre-peak tiered cyclic shear tests. It is found that the change in the friction and sliding state of rock fracture is the main reason for the fluctuation of shear stress-shear displacement curves. The Chen's method was used to process the multistage loading shear creep curves and the three creep stages were analyzed. Moreover, the complex creep models in some previous studies were discussed and the data of shear creep tests were successfully fitted to the classical Burgers model. This study provides a guidance for the study on the shear instability of rock fractures under different shear loading paths.
Multi-year robotic observations reveal the seasonality of downward carbon export pathways in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Lacour Léo , Llort Joan , Briggs Nathan , Strutton Peter , Boyd Philip
Published: November 2021

At high latitudes, the export of organic matter from the surface to the ocean interior, the biological carbon pump, has conventionally been attributed to the gravitational sinking of particulate organic carbon (POC). Conspicuous deficits in ocean carbon budgets have recently challenged this long-lived paradigm of a sole pathway. Multiple strands of evidence have demonstrated the importance of additional export pathways, including the particle injection pumps (PIPs). Recent model estimates revealed that PIPs have a comparable downward POC flux to the biological gravitational pump (BGP), but with potentially different seasonal signatures. To date, logistical constraints have prevented concomitant and extensive observations of these pumps, and little is known about the seasonality of their fluxes. Here, using year-round robotic observations and recent advances in optical signal analysis, we concurrently investigated the functioning of two PIPs - the mixed layer and eddy subduction pumps - and the BGP in Southern Ocean waters. By comparing three phytoplankton bloom cycles in contrasting environments, we show how physical forcing and phytoplankton phenology influence the magnitude and seasonality of these pumps, with implications for carbon sequestration efficiency.
Behavioural, Histopathological, Genetic and Organism-Wide Responses to Phenanthrene-Induced Oxidative Stress in Eisenia Fetida Earthworms in Natural Soil Microcosms
Authors: He Falin , Yu Hanmei , Shi Huijian , Li Xiangxiang , Chu Shanshan , Huo Chengqian , Liu Rutao
Published: November 2021

Phenanthrene (PHE) contamination not only changes the quality of soil environment but also threatens to the soil organisms. There is lack of focus on the eco-toxicity potential of contaminants in real soil in the current investigation. Here, we assessed the toxic effects of PHE on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in natural soil matrix. PHE exhibited a relatively high toxicity to E. fetida in natural soil, with the LC50 determined to be 56.68 mg kg−1 after a 14-day exposure. Excessive ROS induced by PHE, leading to oxidative damage to biomacromolecules in E. fetida, including lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage. The antioxidant defense system (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, carboxylesterase, and superoxide dismutase) in E. fetida responded quickly to scavenge excess ROS and free radicals. Exposure to PHE resulted in earthworm avoidance responses (2.5 mg kg−1) and habitat function loss (10 mg kg−1). Histological observations indicated that the intestine, body wall, and seminal vesicle in E. fetida were severely damaged after exposure to high-dose PHE. Moreover, earthworm growth (weight change) and reproduction (cocoon production and the number of juvenile) were also inhibited after exposure to this pollutant. Furthermore, the integrated toxicity of PHE toward E. fetida at different doses and exposure times was assessed by the integrated biomarker response (IBR), which confirm that PHE is more toxic to earthworms in the high-dose and long-term exposure groups. Our results showed that PHE exposure induced oxidative stress, disturbed antioxidant defense system, and caused oxidative damage in E. fetida. These effects can trigger behavior changes and damaged histological structure, finally cause growth inhibition, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in earthworms. The strength of this study is the comprehensive toxicity evaluation of PHE to earthworms and highlights the need to investigate the t eco-toxicity potential of exogenous environmental pollutants in a real soil environment.
Effects of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) Released From Synthesized Iron-based Thiourea Catalyst on the Growth, Cell Density, and Pigment Content of Chlorella Vulgaris
Authors: Yazdanabdad Tahereh Ebrahini , Forghaniha Ali , Emtyazjoo Mozhgan , Ramezani Majid
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles released from synthesized Thiourea catalyst to Chlorella vulgaris as an essential primary producer in aquatic systems. A range of Fe3O4 concentrations (0, 10, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L-1) was applied for the exposure test. Biological parameters of C. vulgaris, including cell density, cell viability, and pigment content were assessed. Bioconcentration factor and bioaccumulation were evaluated for contaminated microalgae. Non-carcinogenic risks were then assessed using target hazard quotient (THQ) for potential human consumptions. Findings showed that C. vulgaris cell numbers increased from 0 to 500 mg L-1 of Fe3O4. Chlorophyll a represented a time-dependent response, and greatest values were detected in 250 and 500 mg L-1 Fe3O4 at 4.2 and 4 mg/g, respectively. Chlorophyll b content showed a time-related manner in exposure to Fe3O4 with the highest values recorded at 250 mg L-1 after 96 h. Moreover, bioaccumulation displayed a dose-dependent response as bioaccumulated iron was in the largest amount at 15000 µg/g dw in 1000 mg L-1, whereas the lowest one was in the control group at 1700 µg/g dw. The bioconcentration factor showed a concentration-relevant decrease in all iron treatments and 10 mg L-1 of Fe3O4 represented the greatest BCF at 327.3611. Non-carcinogenic risks illustrated negligible hazard (THQ < 1) in a dose-response pattern and the largest EDI and THQ were calculated in 1000 mg L-1 at 7.4332E-07 (mg kg-1 day-1) and 1.06189E-09, respectively. In essence, iron is an essential trace element for biological aspects in aquatic systems, but in exceeding concentrations could impose toxicity effects in C. vulgaris populations.
Pollution-Induced Tolerance of Soil Bacterial Communities to Oxytetracycline-Spiked Manure
Authors: Jauregi Leire , Artamendi Maddi , Epelde Lur , Blanco Fernando , Garbisu Carlos
Published: November 2021

The use of manure as a fertilizer is a common agricultural practice that can improve soil physicochemical and biological properties. However, antibiotics and their metabolites are often present, leading to the adaptation of soil bacterial communities to their presence. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the extensively used, broad-spectrum antibiotic oxytetracycline on soil microbial community adaptation using a pollution-induced community tolerance assay. Manure-amended soil was spiked with oxytetracycline (0, 2, 20, 60, 150, and 500 mg kg−1) three times every ten days in the selection phase. The detection phase was conducted in Biolog EcoPlates with a second oxytetracycline exposure (0, 5, 20, 40, 60, and 100 mg L−1). All treatments demonstrated decreased metabolic activity after exposure to ≥ 5 mg L−1 oxytetracycline during the detection phase. Meanwhile, a significant increase in tolerance was observed following exposure to ≥ 20 mg oxytetracycline per kg soil during the selection phase. Therefore, the pollution-induced community tolerance approach with Biolog EcoPlates was a useful system for the detection of antibiotic selection pressures on soil bacterial communities. It is important to properly manage animal waste before their application to the soil to reduce the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance in the environment.
The Treatment Advantage of Complex Acetabular Fractures by the Pararectus Approach
Authors: Liu Guoming , Chen Jinli , Liang Chengzhi , Zhang Chengdong , Li Xuwen , Hu Yanling
Published: November 2021

Background: The surgical treatment of complex acetabular fractures is one of the most challenging procedures for orthopedic surgeons. The Pararectus approach, as a reasonable alternative to the existing surgical procedures, was performed for the treatment of complex acetabular fractures involving the anterior column. This study aimed to evaluate outcome using the Pararectus approach for acetabular fractures involving anterior columns. Methods: Thirty-seven with displaced complex acetabular fractures involving anterior columns were treated between July 2016 and October 2019 using the Pararectus approach. The functional outcomes (using the Merle d Aubigné and Postel scoring system, WOMAC and modified Harris scoring), the quality of surgical reduction (using the Matta criteria), and postoperative complications were assessed with about 26 months follow-up.Results: Thirty-seven patients (mean age 53 years, range: 30-71; 28 male) underwent surgery. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 840 ml (rang: 400-2000 ml) and mean operating time was 210 min (rang: 140-500 min). The modified Merle d Aubigné score was excellent and good in 27 cases (73%), fair in 6 cases (16%), and poor in 3 cases (12%). The mean score was 88.5 (range:77-96) for the modified Harris Hip scores, and 22 (range:7-35) for the WOMAC scores after operation. Postoperative functional outcomes were significantly improved compared with preoperative outcomes (P<0.0001). The quality of reduction was anatomical in 21 cases (57%), satisfactory in 9 cases (24%), and unsatisfactory in 7 cases (20%). At follow-up, four patients developed a DVT, and heterotopic bone formation was observed in one patient. The hip osteoarthritis was not observed.Conclusion: The Pararectus approach achieved good functional outcomes and anatomical reduction in the treatment of complex acetabular fractures involving anterior column with minimal access morbidity.
The Interannual Variability of Shallow Meridional Overturning Circulation and its association with the South-West Indian Ocean Heat Content variability
Authors: Pai Rahul U , Parekh Anant , Chowdary Jasti S. , Gnanaseelan C.
Published: November 2021

The present study examines interannual variability of Shallow Meridional Overturning Circulation (SMOC) using century long reanalysis data. The strength of the transport associated with SMOC is calculated by meridional overturning streamfunction. The interannual variability in SMOC is found maximum between the 5oS and 15oS and displaying strong signals after 1940s. A year for which the meridional overturning streamfunction detrended anomaly is greater (lesser) its standard deviation is identified as strong (weak) SMOC year. For strong (weak) SMOC year composite displayed more (less) southward transport (~2.5 Sv) and shown excess (less) subduction over the South Indian Ocean. During strong (weak) years, the excess (less) southward heat transport (~0.25PW) leads to reduction (increase) in the upper 200m Ocean Heat Content (OHC) and sea level over the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). The results obtained are well supported by tide gauge and satellite measured sea level data for the available period. Further analysis reveals that the SMOC variability is primarily driven by change in zonal wind stress south of the equator and displayed association with the Southern Oscillation Index. The Ocean model-based sensitivity experiments confirms that the OHC variability over SWIO is closely associated with the SMOC variability and is primarily driven by local wind forcing as a response to El Niño Southern Oscillation. However, the role of remote forcing from Pacific through Oceanic pathway over SWIO is absent. Study attempts to provide a comprehensive view on the interannual variability of SMOC and its linkage to OHC variability over SWIO during last century.
Decreased ARID1A Expression Associates with Tumor Progression and Adverse Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Somsuan Keerakarn , Samon Ratirath , Tangjitpisud Paween , Aluksanasuwan Siripat , Srithongc Yupa , Thongboonkerd Visith , SAKULSAK NATTHIYA
Published: November 2021

In this study, we aimed to evaluate association of ARID1A (AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A) mutation and protein expression with clinicopathology and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Genomic Data Commons (GDC) showed ARID1A was one of the top-ten mutated genes found in kidney cancers and its mutations were found along its sequence. Interestingly, patients with ARID1A mutations had significantly lower survival rate (38%; n=68) comparing to the non-mutated cases (58%; n=192). The results from OSkirc web tool revealed that patients with low expression of ARID1A had significantly shorter overall survival and disease specific survival than those with high ARID1A expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed markedly decreased ARID1A expression in the RCC tissues (n=26), particularly in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and chromophobe RCC (chRCC). Negative to weak ARID1A expression was significantly associated with ccRCC (grade II) and chRCC subtypes, presence of comorbidity, and low eGFR levels. Finally, ARID1A protein was undetectable in 3/11 cases with ccRCC (grade II) and 2/6 chRCC cases, all of which had metastasis 1−50 months after surgical removal. In conclusion, decreased ARID1A expression is associated with the poor prognosis and metastasis of RCC and thus may serve as the prognostic marker of RCC, particularly ccRCC and chRCC subtypes.
Fluctuation In the Phase Transition Temperature of Poly (NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-DMAMVA)-Post-guanine Affected by Hydrophilic/hydrophobic Interaction: Fabrication and Characterizations
Authors: Abdelaty Momen
Published: November 2021

The phase separation and transition temperature of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) have been developed by the terpolymerization with new pH-responsive monomer and highly hydrophilic 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The new monomer based on vanillin is called 2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate (DMAMVA), and is investigated by chemical methods (1H, 13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectroscopy). Terpolymers of dual-responsive thermo-pH with functional groups were fabricated via free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 10 mol% 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and 5, 10, and 20 mol% DMAMVA. A selected terpolymer was used for post-polymerization with guanine via click reaction and the formation of an imine between the aldehyde group of DMAMVA and the amine group of guanine. All terpolymer and post-terpolymer are chemically evaluated. The physical properties have been implemented by GPC (molecular weight and dispersity), DSC (glass transition temperature Tg), TGA (steps of degradation), and SEM (morphological features). The fluctuations in phase transition temperature Tc or the lower critical solution temperature LCST of the polymer solution in different pH solutions have been performed by two methods, first, the turbidity test by UV-Vis-spectroscopy, second, by micro-DSC for aqueous polymer solution. This work will be extended for more applications in bio-separation technology.
Adiponectin Accumulation in the Tetinal Vascular Endothelium and its Possible Role in Preventing Early Diabetic Microvascular Damage
Authors: Sakaue Taka-aki , Fujishima Yuya , Fukushima Yoko , Tsugawa-Shimizu Yuri , Fukuda Shiro , Kita Shunbun , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Ranscht Barbara , Nishida Kohji , Maeda Norikazu , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: November 2021

Adiponectin (APN), a protein abundantly secreted from adipocytes, has been reported to possess beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases in association with its accumulation on target organs and cells by binding to T-cadherin. However, little is known about the role of APN in the development of diabetic microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here we investigated the impact of APN on the progression of early retinal vascular damage using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. Our immunofluorescence results clearly showed T-cadherin-dependent localization of APN in the vascular endothelium of retinal arterioles, which was progressively decreased during the course of diabetes. Such reduction of retinal APN accompanied the early features of DR, represented by increased vascular permeability, and was prevented by glucose-lowering therapy with dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor. In addition, APN deficiency resulted in severe vascular permeability under relatively short-term hyperglycemia, together with a significant increase in vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and a reduction in claudin-5 in the retinal endothelium. The present study demonstrated a possible protective role of APN against the development of DR.
Serum Creatine Kinase Levels are not Associated with an Increased Need for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Following Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Xiao Luniu , Ran Xiao , Zhong Yanxia , Le Yue , Li Shusheng
Published: November 2021

BackgroudRhabdomyolysis is a syndrome caused by the breakdown and necrosis of skeletal muscle tissues. As a result, there is leakage of various intercellular myocyte contents into the circulating blood stream. Severe rhabdomyolysis can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) and cause potentially permanent kidney damage. Previous studies have reported benefit from continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI. For patients with AKI, the termination of CRRT often depends on the patient’s renal functions. Here, we asked whether serum creatine kinase (CK) levels should be considered for CRRT termination in patients with AKI following rhabdomyolysis.MethodsWe compared different CK levels in patients after CRRT termination and we observed the correlation between CK levels and clinical outcomes. For a retrospective study, we collected 86 cases with confirmed rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI, who had received CRRT from January 1st of 2012 to December 31th of 2020 in Tongji Hospital. Patients’ renal functions were assessed within 24 hours of intermission, and patients with urine output ≥ 1,000 mL and serum creatinine ≤ 265 umol/L were considered for CRRT termination. Following CRRT termination, patients were divided into a CK > 5,000 U/L group (experimental group) and a CK < 5,000 U/L group (control group). The outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality and in-hospital length of stay, were compared between two groups.ResultsThirty-three (38.37%) patients were classified as having CK > 5,000 U/L, while 53 (61.63%) were categorized as having CK < 5,000 U/L. The majority of laboratory examinations were comparable between the two groups on admission. The higher CK levels, as well as worse renal functions, predicted the necessity of CRRT continuation for patients. After CRRT termination, the in-hospital mortality (27.27% vs 22.64, p = 0.389) and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) incidence (51.52% vs 49.06%, p = 0.064) were similar between two groups, while the experimental group showed a significantly shorter in-hospital length of stay (11.88 ± 1.469 vs 16.42 ± 1.290, p = 0.026) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay (7.545 ± 0.866 vs 10.11 ± 0.793, p = 0.038).ConclusionCRRT termination may be independent of s the CK levels for patients with rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injure, providing their renal functions have recovered to an appropriate level. Prospective clinical trials would be needed to more thoroughly investigate the optimal CK range that could be used as a gauge to prevent recurrence of renal impairments after treatments.
A Near-Chromosome Level Genome Assembly of the European Hoverfly, Sphaerophoria Rueppellii (Diptera: Syrphidae), and a Comparative Analysis of Insecticide Resistance-Related Gene Families in Hemipteran Crop Pests and Pollinators
Authors: Bailey Emma , Field Linda , Rawlings Christopher , King Rob , Mohareb Fady , Hassani-Pak Keywan , Hughes David , Williamson Martin , Ganko Eric , Buer Benjamin , Nauen Ralf
Published: November 2021

Background: Sphaerophoria rueppellii, a European species of hoverfly, is a highly effective beneficial predator of crop pests including aphids, thrips and coleopteran/lepidopteran larvae in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. It is also a key pollinator of a wide variety of important agricultural crops. No genomic information is currently available for S. rueppellii. Without genomic information for such beneficial predator species, we are unable to perform comparative analyses of insecticide target-sites and genes encoding metabolic enzymes potentially responsible for insecticide resistance, between crop pests and their predators. These metabolic mechanisms include several gene families - cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs). Methods and findings: In this study, a high-quality near-chromosome level de novo genome assembly (as well as a mitochondrial genome assembly) for S. rueppellii has been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data, followed by super scaffolding using Hi-C data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 87Mb, a total genome size of 537.6Mb and a level of completeness of 96% using a set of 1,658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. The assembly was annotated with 14,249 protein-coding genes. Comparative analysis revealed gene expansions of CYP6Zx P450s, epsilon-class GSTs, dietary CCEs and multiple UGT families (UGT37/302/308/430/431). Conversely, ABCs, delta-class GSTs and non-CYP6Zx P450s showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families at the subfamily levels between S. rueppellii and some crop pests. Conclusion and significance: This assembly is the first published genome for a predatory member of the Syrphidae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into selectivity and potential tolerance of insecticides by beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of some gene families often linked to insecticide resistance and selectivity may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify IPM selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted insecticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by sustainably and effectively controlling pests without impacting beneficial predator populations.
Eﬀect of Ti3SiC2 Amount on Microstructure and Properties of TiAl Matrix Composites
Authors: Zou Qin , Lou Zhichao , Guan Yong , Li YanGuo , Xu Jiangbo , Li Yuanyuan , Bu Lingyu , Wang Peng , Luo Yong’an
Published: November 2021

The TiAl matrix composites were manufactured using spark plasma sintering under the conditions of 1100 °C/10 min/30 MPa. The effect of Ti3SiC2 amount on microstructure and properties of TiAl matrix composites was investigated. Ti3SiC2 was homogeneously distributed in the TiAl matrix, and it partly decomposed to form Ti5Si3 and TiC. The TiAl matrix with 30 wt.% of Ti3SiC2 exhibited the lowest friction coeﬃcient and wear rate of 0.507 and 1.35´10-4 mm3N-1m-1 at room temperature and 0.423 and 0.21´10-4 mm3N-1m-1 at 550 °C, while the compression strength reached the maximum value of 1080 GPa at room temperature and 640 GPa at 550 °C, respectively. The hardness reached the value of 5.1 GPa. The TiAl matrix composites had a lower friction coefficient and wear rate at 550 °C than at room temperature. A Ti3SiC2 lubricating ﬁlm was formed on the friction surface of the TiAl matrix composites after friction test at room temperature, while a Fe-Ti-Al-Si-oxide lubricating ﬁlm was formed after friction test at 550 °C. The wear mechanisms of the TiAl matrix composites with the Ti3SiC2 addition were mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear at room temperature and 550 °C, respectively.
Effect of Straw And Wood Ash On Soil Carbon Sequestration and Bacterial Community in a Calcareous Soil
Authors: Zhao Huili , Zhao Ying , Guo Xiaohong , Wu Nan , Tian Xiaohong , Zhou Shiwei , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: November 2021

Background and aims The effective utilization of agricultural waste can improve soil fertility. Straw provides energy for the soil, and wood ash supplies nutrients to enrich the soil. However, few studies have examined the effects of wood ash and straw on the sequestration of soil carbon and the soil bacterial community, particularly in calcareous soils. Methods The goal for this study was to quantify the impact of a combination of wood ash and straw on the indicators described above using stable δ13C isotope analyses by applying wheat straw (a C3 plant) to a calcareous soil under a long-term C4 crop rotation. The incubation experiment included four treatments as follows: (i) no amendment (Control); (ii) amendment with wood ash (W); (iii) amendment with straw (S); and (iv) a combined amendment of straw and wood ash (SW). Results The results showed that sequestration of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in the SW and W treatments was obviously higher than that in S and Control treatments. The sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC) in the SW treatment was 1.25-fold greater than that in the S treatment, while there was no evident effect on the SOC content compared with straw alone. The microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon derived from microbial biomass in the four treatments was distributed as SW > S > W > Control. The pH and electrical conductivity were obviously higher in the W and SW treatments than in the S treatment and the Control. The SW was conducive to the maintenance of soil enzymatic activities and bacterial diversity. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota dominated in SW, while the Acidobacteria phyla dominated in S treatment. The diversity of bacteria in the soil and community composition of the bacteria were predominantly assessed by the levels of soil labile carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity. Conclusions The incorporation of straw and wood ash is probably more effective at improving SIC and SOC sequestration and ameliorate the soil microhabitat.
PDM Damped-Driven Oscillators: Exact Solvability, Classical States Crossings, and Self-Crossings
Authors: Mustafa Omar
Published: November 2021

Within the standard Lagrangian and Hamiltonian setting, we consider a position-dependent mass (PDM) classical particle performing a damped driven oscillatory (DDO) motion under the influence of a conservative harmonic oscillator force field $V\left( x\right) =\frac{1}{2}\omega ^{2}Q\left( x\right) x^{2}$ and subjected to a Rayleigh dissipative force field $\mathcal{R}\left( x,\dot{x}\right) =\frac{1}{2}b\,m\left( x\right) \dot{x}^{2}$ in the presence of an external periodic (non-autonomous) force $F\left( t\right) =F_{\circ }\,\cos \left( \Omega t\right) $. Where, the correlation between the coordinate deformation $\sqrt{Q(x)}$ and the velocity deformation $\sqrt{m(x)}$ is governed by a point canonical transformation $q\left( x\right) =\int \sqrt{m\left( x\right) }dx=\sqrt{%Q\left( x\right) }x$. Two illustrative examples are used: a non-singular PDM-DDO, and a power-law PDM-DDO models. Classical-states $\{x(t),p(t)\}$ crossings are analysed and reported. Yet, we observed/reported that as a classical state $\{x_{i}(t),p_{i}(t)\}$ evolves in time it may cross itself at an earlier and/or a later time/s.
Comparative Analysis of Monitoring Methods for Vortex-induced Vibration of Multistage Pressure Reducing Valves
Authors: Xu Dongtao , Chang-rong Ge , Ying Li , Yue-juan Liu
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a multistage pressure reducing valve is presented. The main frequency of vortex-induced vibration is evaluated by monitoring the lift coefficient during vortex shedding and the pressure fluctuation formed after vortex shedding in the flow field. By comparative analysis of two different methods, the number of vortices is relatively small at small openings. Due to the limitations of the location and quantity of monitoring points, accurately locating the most active position where pressure fluctuation occurs is difficult. Monitoring the lift coefficient is more suitable to evaluate the main frequency of vortex-induced vibration. At medium and large openings, due to the increase in the number of vortices, the superposition effect of the pressure fluctuation and the influence of the flow channel shape is more obvious. Monitoring the pressure fluctuation is more appropriate to evaluate the main frequency of vortex-induced vibration the valve. Therefore, a combination of the two methods can more accurately evaluate the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of the valve. When monitoring pressure fluctuation, the position and number of monitoring points directly affect the evaluation accuracy. The pressure fluctuations around the outlet and the multilayer sleeve are more active. It is more meaningful to monitor the pressure fluctuation at these points. The main frequency of the pressure fluctuation at these points better reflects the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of the valve.
Label-free Viability Assay using Holographic Video Microscopy
Authors: Odete Mary Ann , Boltyanskiy Rostislav , Cheong Fook Chiong , Philips Laura
Published: November 2021

Total Holographic Characterization (THC) is presented here as an efficient, automated, label-free method of accurately identifying cell viability. THC is a single-particle characterization technology that determines the size and index of refraction of individual particles using the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering. Although assessment of cell viability is a challenge in many applications, including biologics manufacturing, traditional approaches often include unreliable labeling with dyes and/or time consuming methods of manually counting cells. In this work we measured the viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the presence of various concentrations of isopropanol as a function of time. All THC measurements were performed in the native environment of the sample with no dilution or addition of labels. We compared our results with THC to manual counting of living and dead cells as distinguished with trypan blue dye. Our findings demonstrate that THC can effectively distinguish living and dead yeast cells by the index of refraction of individual cells.
Projected Future Changes in The Equatorial Wave Spectrum in CMIP6
Authors: Bartana Hagar , Garfinkel Chaim , Shamir Ofer , Rao Jian
Published: November 2021

The simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) is considered in 13 state-of-the-art models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We use frequency-wavenumber power spectra of the models and observations for Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and zonal velocity at 250 hPa (U250), and consider the historical and end-of-century projections for the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. The models simulate a spectrum quantitatively resembling that observed, though systematic biases exist. MJO and Kelvin waves (KW) are mostly underestimated, while equatorial Rossby waves (ER) are overestimated. The models project a moderate future increase in power for the MJO, a robust increase for Kelvin waves (KW) and weaker power values for most other wavenumber-frequency combinations, including higher wavenumber ER. In addition to strengthening, KW also shift toward higher phase speeds (or equivalent depths). Models with a more realistic MJO in their control climate tend to simulate a stronger intensification, and models with a more realistic KW in their control climate tend to simulate a weaker intensification.
Embelin Enhances the Sensitivity of Renal Cancer Cells To Axitinib by Inhibiting HIF-1α Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fang Qiong , Li Zhiying , Xue Ye , Zong Xin , Ma Wenshuang , Xi Guangmin , Wu Yanan , Li Zuowei
Published: November 2021

Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system with high recurrence rate and easy metastasis. Current clinical drugs for renal cell carcinoma include immunotherapy and targeted drugs. Axitinib is a clinical targeted drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, which has some shortcomings such as unstable efficacy and easy drug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine whether embelin can enhance the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib and explore its regulatory pathways.
Results
Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib in the following aspects: enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation by axitinib, the ability to kill cancer cells, and the induction of cell apoptosis. HIF-1α was a potential pathway of Embelin action. After IOX2 regulated the HIF-1α pathway, the enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was weakened.
Conclusions
Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of both A498 and 786-O renal cancer cells to axitinib by inhibiting the HIF-1α pathway.
Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gan Wenfan , Xu Zheng , Wu Chunmei , He Junzhi
Published: November 2021

Background: Recently, a number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have researched the efficacy of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Therefore, we updated a systematic review based on these RCTs to evaluate the effects of PRP on knee function and pain with different time.Methods: We searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science(WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and WANFANG DATABASE, for human RCTs comparing the efficacy of intraarticular injection with no injection of PRP. Descriptive summaries and quality assessments were performed for all studies included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes of the stydy included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Lysholm score.Results: Finally, we included 6 RCTs stydies, involving 315 patients. The control group consisted of blank group or placebo group. Follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 18 months. The results of bias risk assessment showed that all the 6 stuydies are unclear risk of bias. Compared with the control group, PRP group significantly improved IKDC score at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation (P = 0.00, 0.01, respectively). Lysholm score and VAS score also has significant differences at 3 months after operation (both P = 0.00).Conclusion: Our study has proved that PRP was more effective in the recovery of knee function and early pain relief after the ACLR than the ACLR alone. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021224182. Registered 6 April 2021. Keywords:anterior cruciate ligament injury; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; platelet rich plasma; system review; META analysisReview registration: PROSPERO CRD42021224182. Registered 6 April 2021.
Livestock Farmer’s Perceptions of How Changes in Climate Variabilities Are Impacting The Production Systems in The Gambia
Authors: Kargbo Alpha , Koua Herve , Kuye Rex , Jawo Edrisa , Amoutchi Amien Isaac , Ndow Manjally , Bojang Abdoulie , Zainabou Dabre , Flourence Jessica Kumah
Published: November 2021

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six administrative regions of The Gambia, in order to assess livestock owners' perceptions on climate variabilities changes and their impact on livestock rearing in The Gambia. A total of 440 study participants were interviewed and six focal group discussions were undertaken. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-squares analysis and Binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Among them 351 (80%) were males, while 89 (20%) were females. This result reveals that, middle-aged farmers from 40-49 years old had (P value =0.035), livestock owners in NBR (P value=0.006), CRR-S (P=0.038), and CRR-N (P=0.001) were the main factors significantly influencing livestock owner’s perception on rainfall. As for temperature, livestock owners residing in WCR (P <0.001), NBR (P=0.006), CRR-S (P <0.038), CRR-N (P <0.001) and Herdsmen (P <0.003) and crop farmers (P <0.004) were highly associated with knowledge on changes in temperatures The research also revealed farmers were faced with low milk production and poor-quantity meat as they attributed it as the cause of climate change. Finally, the research has shown that, livestock owners are very much aware of climate change and the consequences it has on their livelihood.
Pattern of Recurrence of Glioblastoma Versus Grade 4 IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma Following Chemoradiation
Authors: Stewart James , Sahgal Arjun , Chan Aimee K.M. , Soliman Hany , Tseng Chia-Lin , Detsky Jay , Myrehaug Sten , Atenafu Eshetu G , Helmi Ali , Perry James , Keith Julia , Lim-Fat Mary Jane , Munoz David G , Zadeh Gelareh , Shultz David B. , Das Sunit , Coolens Catherine , Alcaide-Leon Paula , Maralani Pejman Jabehdar
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To quantitatively compare the recurrence pattern of glioblastoma (IDH-wild type) versus grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytoma (herein referred to as wtIDH and mutIDH, respectively) following primary chemoradiation.
Methods

Twenty-two wtIDH and 22 mutIDH patients matched by sex, extent of resection, and corpus callosum involvement were enrolled. The recurrent gross tumor volume (rGTV) was compared with both the gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) from radiotherapy planning. Failure patterns were quantified by the incidence and volume of the rGTV outside the GTV and CTV, and positional differences of the rGTV centroid from the GTV and CTV.
Results

The GTV was smaller in wtIDH compared to the mutIDH group (mean±SD: 46.5±26.0 cm3 v. 72.2±45.4 cm3, p=0.026). The rGTV was 10.7±26.9 cm3 and 46.9±55.0 cm3 smaller than the GTV for the same groups (p=0.018). The rGTV extended outside the GTV in 22 (100%) and 15 (68%) (p=0.009) of wtIDH and mutIDH patients, respectively; however, the volume of rGTV outside the GTV was not significantly different (12.4±16.1 cm3 vs. 8.4±14.2 cm3, p=0.443). The rGTV metrics extending outside the CTV was not different between the groups. The rGTV centroid was within 5.7 mm of the closest GTV edge for 21 (95%) and 22 (100%) of wtIDH and mutIDH patients, respectively.
Conclusion

The rGTV extended beyond the GTV less often in mutIDH patients, suggesting limited margin radiotherapy could be beneficial in this group. The results support the study of small margin adaptive radiotherapy per the ongoing UNITED MR-Linac 5 mm CTV trial (NCT04726397).