bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring nitrogen-balanced management to reduce nitrogen and carbon footprint and enhance grain yield for hybrid maize seed production system
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Wushuai , Lakshmanan Prakash , Xu Fujun , Zhao Lei , Lyu Dianqiu , Chen Xinping
Published: January 2024

In the context of increasing grain demand and the urgent need to reduce environmental burdens, sustainable nitrogen (N) management practices are essential for ensuring food security while minimizing negative environmental impacts. This study aimed to exploring a site-balanced N application rate and to determine the impact and primary contributors of optimal N application rate on the N and carbon footprints in the hybrid maize seed production system. A consecutive field experiment of four nitrogen application rates (0, 168, 240, and 320 kg N ha− 1) was conducted. An empirical model was used to assess the reactive nitrogen losses and the life cycle assessment was employed to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The grain yield exhibited an increase with the rising nitrogen gradient, peaking at 6.9 Mg ha− 1 under the N240 treatment. Beyond this point, no further yield benefits were observed. Optimal nitrogen rate at N240 significantly reduced reactive nitrogen losses by 24%, and obtained site-specific N balanced status. The average nitrogen footprint of the N240 treatment was 8.1 kg N per Mg, which was significantly 10% lower compared to the N320 treatment. The N240 system exhibited GHG emissions of 5783 kg CO2 eq ha− 1, with nitrogen fertilizer and electricity for irrigation contributing 42–57% and 34–45% of total emissions, respectively. Optimal nitrogen rate achieving higher yields, while obtaining a minimal nitrogen and carbon footprint. Employing appropriate nitrogen rate enhanced the nitrogen absorption by aboveground biomass and grains of hybrid maize seed, thereby reducing nitrogen surplus in soil. This study provides valuable insights for sustainable nitrogen management and carbon footprint reduction strategies in global hybrid maize seed production systems.
A tools to anticipate the potential impacts of expanding marine salmon farming
Authors: Marin Sandra , Arcos Jonathan , Outeiro Luis , Nahuelhual Laura , Vergara Ximena , Fulton Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

This study introduces the Salmon Farming Potential Impact Index (SFPII) as a comprehensive framework for evaluating the magnitude and spatial extent of these impacts. SFPII integrates four social-ecological sensitivity factors and a pressure factor.
Our analysis, focusing on Southern Patagonia in Chile, reveals distinct spatial patterns within the SFPII values: i) a gradient from east to west, predominantly in the northern region, reflecting ecosystem sensitivity influenced by abiotic attributes, and ii) two areas of significantly higher SFPII scores, primarily attributed to the distribution of farming pressure. These high-score areas are interconnected by regions with low SFPII values, primarily influenced by maritime traffic linked to salmon farming operations.
The SFPII integration into sustainability frameworks ensures ongoing monitoring, allowing for adaptive management strategies to maintain aquaculture practices within acceptable ecological limits. Moreover, SFPII fosters transparency and stakeholder engagement, facilitating collaborative efforts towards sustainable salmon farming practices and the conservation of marine ecosystems.
Maximizing the Ecological Value: Assessing Land Suitability for Sustainable Grassland Management in Asia's largest grassland, western India
Authors: Dey Rupak , sharma Seema , Thakkar Mahesh
Published: January 2024

Grasslands are crucial ecosystems that provide numerous ecological services and support biodiversity conservation. Grasslands undergo significant threat from both anthropogenic and natural threats, compromising their ability to maintain biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. Despite this, grasslands are frequently ignored in sustainable development objectives. An adequate knowledge of how grassland degradation affects ecosystem services is essential for sustainable management and grassland ecological restoration. The Kachchh region in western India harbours unique grassland ecosystem known as the Banni grassland, which had once boosted to be finest grasslands in Asia. However, undesirable anthropogenic interventions have accelerated its degradation. This research paper aims to assess the suitability of different land areas in Banni for sustainable grassland management, considering ecological value as a primary criterion. In the current research, land suitability for grassland management was assessed using a Geographical Information System (GIS) based multi-criteria evolution (MCE) method using satellite data and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Ground truthing of soil samples was carried out alongside. Slope, Rainfall, infiltration rate, LULC, Geomorphology, soil texture, soil organic carbon, water holding capacity, SAR,CEC, pH, EC, and soil nutrients were among the criteria used. The weights for each criterion were calculated using a pairwise comparison matrix, and scores were allocated to sub-criterions based on field work, expert opinions, and a literature review. The proposed method can be very useful for evaluating the state of the land and can help with the best possible planning for grassland development and conservation. Banni grassland holds the perspective to be developed into a CZO (Critical Zone Observatory) in future and the present study with further inputs holds the promise for furthering the cause for its sustainable management. Overall, this study underscores the importance of assessing land suitability for sustainable grassland management and highlights the potential for maximizing the ecological value of grasslands in western India and beyond.
Hypoxia-induced DTL promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gao Fei , Chen Zi-Xiong , Mu Mao-Yuan , Yang Guang , Qi Han , Fu Xiao-Bo , Wang Gui-Song , Jiang Wei-Wei , Huang Bi-Jun
Published: January 2024

Denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (DTL), the substrate receptor of the CRL4A complex, plays a central role in genome stability. Even though the oncogenic function of DTL has been investigated in several cancers, its specific role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) still needs further elucidation. Data from a clinical cohort (n = 209), RNA-sequencing, and public database (TCGA and GEO) were analyzed, indicating that DTL is closely related to patient prognosis and could serve as a promising prognostic indicator in HCC. Functionally, DTL promoted the proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib resistance of HCC in vitro. In the orthotopic tumor transplantation and tail vein injection model, DTL promoted the growth and metastasis of HCC in vivo. Mechanically, we revealed for the first time that DTL was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxia and functioned as a downstream effector molecule of HIF-1α. DTL facilitates HCC cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the Notch pathway. These results suggested that DTL may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
METTL14/YTHDC1-mediated m6A modification in hippocampus improves pentylenetetrazol-induced acute seizures
Authors: Zhong Xiaolin , Chen Ling , Wang Yajuan , Liang Yue , Huang Yanmei , Chen Zuyao , Cao Wenyu , Liu Jianghua , Zu Xuyu
Published: January 2024

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common chemical epigenetic modification among mRNA post-transcriptional modifications, implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, but its role in epilepsy is still unknown. Here, we provide strong evidences in support of an association of m6A and its regulatory proteins with epilepsy. Our results indicated that the level of m6A was declined in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure mice. Both the seizure-like behaviors and the excessive activation of hippocampal neuron were significantly mitigated after the administration of m6A agonist Betaine. Mechanically, we found both the hippocampal m6A methyltransferase METTL14 and recognition protein YTHDC1 were decreased in PTZ kindled mice, which might contribute to the reduced hippocampal m6A level. Additionally, hippocampal-specific over-expression of METTL14 or YTHDC1 by lentivirus injection could significantly ameliorate seizure-like behaviors and prevent the excessive activation of hippocampal neuron in epilepsy mice induced by PTZ injection, which might be due to the normalized hippocampal m6A level. Together, this study identified METTL14/YTHDC1-mediated m6A modification could participate in seizure-like behaviors, which might provide m6A regulation as a potential and novel therapeutic strategy for epilepsy.
Factors Associated with Stunting Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Nyabihu District. A Case Control Study 2023.
Authors: MATSIKO Eric , HIRWA Emmerance IGIHOZO , MUKANYANGEZI Francoise
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Malnutrition is a leading cause of mortality among children around the world, with over 6 million deaths occurring each year and an estimated 155 million worldwide being stunted in 2016. Rwanda has one the highest rates of child stunting in the world with 33%. Therefore, the study aimed to identify factors associated with stunting among 6 to 59 months’ children in Nyabihu district, Rwanda.
METHODS
A matched case-control study design was used to identify factors associated with stunting among children aged 6 to 59 months who attended health centers in Nyabihu district from March to April 2023.A total of 402 (134 cases and 268 control) children with 6 to 59 months of age were included in the study. Cases were selected based on WHO anthropometric measurements and matched with children of the same age and residence. Primary data on social demographic, hygiene and sanitation, feeding practices and clinical characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered in Excel and exported in STATA for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify associated factors. P values < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.
RESULTS
The following factors were significant to child’s stunting: being in Ubudehe cat 1 (AOR 11.1; 95% CI 4.3–8.4), Non-parental caregivers (AOR 3.8; 95% CI 2-7.4) and having more than 2 under-five children (AOR 5; 95% CI 1.5–6.2), mostly Sell agriculture use (AOR 4.3; 95% CI 2.3–7.9), Not treating drinking water (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.5), Washing hands (AOR 0.08; 95% CI 0.04–0.1), Not attending ANC (OR 8; 95% CI 1.8– 4.7), Attending mass campaign (AOR 0.34; 95%CI 0.1–0.6).
CONCLUSION
Child stunting remains a public health problem in Nyabihu District. The findings show that the first Ubudehe category, washing hands before child feeding, treating drinking water, more number of under-five children in the household, attending ANC and vaccination campaigns were determinants of stunting. Relieving poverty, strengthening antenatal care, child vaccination and improvement in hygiene and sanitation can help to reduce the stunting rate.
Hidden in plain sight: Revisiting the synthesis, characterisation, degradation and the intricate relationship between Scheele’s green and Emerald green
Authors: Munoz Leonardo Pantoja
Published: January 2024

Carl Wilhelm Scheele's legacy is primarily associated with the creation of a notorious toxic pigment, commonly referred to as "Scheele's green." The identification of Scheele's green in comparison to Emerald green poses theoretical complexities. Common assumptions about the degradation of Emerald green suggest dissociation in acidic pH conditions, generating mobile arsenic trioxide and copper ions, followed by oxidation to As(V), which can co-precipitate with Fe, Al, and Ca ions.
In this study, the fabrication of Scheele’ green was reproduced using historical recipes, with a specific focus on maintaining the pH of the arsenite solution at 9.3. The study explores its relationship with Emerald green and the challenges associated with identification, aiming to inform heritage object preservation and enhance health and safety guidelines for pigment handling.
Maintaining the pH at 9.3 proved influential in obtaining a crystalline product with an intense Raman signal, aligning with the widely accepted spectra of Scheele’s green. However, Raman spectra from amorphous copper-arsenite samples consistently exhibit broad bands at 288 and 845 cm-1, prompting a proposed modification for a dual representation of the pigment: the “common” form with broad bands and the “uncommon” or crystalline form reported in the literature.
Demonstrating that the crystalline form shares nearly identical Raman and FTIR spectra implies an identical chemical composition to Trippkeite. Evidence presented highlights that copper-arsenic-based pigments contain adsorbed free copper, arsenite, and arsenate ions prone to migration, challenging commonly described degradation pathways.
The hypothesis presented here, that Emerald green synthesis may inadvertently yield small amounts of Scheele’s green urges caution in pigment identification using Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the study reveals, for the first time, the occurrence of Scheele’s green in a book, with particles exhibiting a spherulite form, challenging identification of Emerald green solely based on morphology.
Legal and Political Feasibility of Implementing Front-of-Pack Labelling Interventions to Prevent Nutrition-Related Non-Communicable Diseases in Kenya
Authors: Ojiambo Veronica Sanda , Kruger Petronell , Wanjohi Milka , Mafuyeka Mikateko , Karugu Caroline , Mugo Sharon , Hoffman Karen , Asiki Gershim
Published: January 2024

Background: Kenya lags in the adaptation and implementation of front-of-pack labeling interventions despite the rising prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. It is important to explore the factors influencing the political acceptability and legal feasibility of this policy recommendation to support its uptake in the Kenyan context. The objective of this study is to assess the legal and political feasibility of implementing front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) interventions for the prevention of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in Kenya.
Design: The feasibility assessment used the novel FELIP Framework. We conducted desk-based reviews of the existing laws, laws related to the sector, the present legal infrastructure, and processes involved in adopting the laws to identify potential policy formulations. We also conducted key informant interviews with stakeholders on their views on the barriers, facilitators, and legal and political feasibility of the FOPL policy. The findings from the key informant interviews and desk reviews were analyzed thematically and mapped against the original policy formulations identified as part of the FELIP method.
Results: Policy and decision-makers in Kenya are in support of the adoption and implementation of a front-of-pack labeling intervention. The main facilitators to the development of the policy identified were (1) the availability of supporting evidence, (2) the development of standards, and (3) the identification of an appropriate policy anchor and administrative infrastructure. The main barriers were (1) nutrition literacy, and (2) industry interference.
Conclusion: The adoption and implementation of a front-of-pack labeling system in Kenya is largely politically acceptable and the legal infrastructure is favorable to anchor the policy. There is a need to increase political will in support of public health interests over commercial interests. Public health campaigns are essential to realize the effective uptake of the intervention at the population level.
Education, socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviours and female infertility: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: qu yiyuan , huang xujia , mi jinqiao , chen xuzhi , wu bingbing , xu jian
Published: January 2024

Background: Growing evidence suggests that education, socioeconomic status, and leisure sedentary behaviors are associated with female infertility. However, it remains uncertain whether these connections are causally related.
Methods: Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of education, socioeconomic status, and leisure sedentary behaviors were obtained from the UK Biobank and EBI database. Summarized GWAS data of female infertility were also acquired from the FinnGen Biobank Analysis. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to explore the relationships between education, socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviors and female infertility. The primary analysis utilized inverse variance weighting, while alternative Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode estimate, along with Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers (MR-PRESSO) test, and leave-one-out analysis were employed to evaluate sensitivity and heterogeneity.
Results: The results of the univariate MR analysis indicated that age of full- time education had a protective effect on female infertility (odds ratio [OR] 0.471; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 0.93; p = 0.03). However, no causal correlation was found between educational attainment (college completion and years of education), socioeconomic status (job involving heavy manual or physical work, average total household income before tax, and Townsend deprivation index at recruitment), leisure sedentary behaviors (leisure social activities at pubs or social clubs, time spent driving, time spent using a computer, and time spent watching television) and female infertility. Multivariable MR and reverse MR studies did not support the existence of a relationship between education, socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviours and female infertility. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected, and the stability of the results was confirmed through sensitivity analysis and the leave-one-out test.
Conclusions: Age at completion of full-time education may be causally related to a reduced risk of female infertility.
Magnetic nanoparticles composed of Fe3(PO4) 2 ·8H2O by Burkholderia cepacia CG-1：A study of peroxidase-like activity and its application in H2O2 and glucose detection
Authors: Wang Jueyu , Jia Mingyu , Yang Jinming , Cui Daizong , Zhao Min
Published: January 2024

In this study, magnetic nanoparticles were successfully separated from the strain Burkholderia cepacia CG-1. The composition, structure and morphology of the magnetic nanoparticles were characterized. The results indicated that the magnetic nanoparticles were indicated as Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O clusters with an average size of 69 nm. The values of magnetic parameters such as coercivity, saturation remanence and saturation magnetization were 150.93 Oe, 1.9333 emu/g and 15.844 emu/g, respectively. We have confirmed that the Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O magnetic nanoparticles exhibitted an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity which could catalyze the oxidation of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. Comparing with HRP, the peroxidase mimic was more stable under different physiochemical conditions. The mechanisms of the peroxidase-like catalysis with Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O were investigated by the fluorescence spectroscopy and Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. The results showed that the peroxidase-like activity of Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O originated from the generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH). In addition, we have established a platform for colorimetic detection H2O2 and glucose. As low as 1.0×10− 3 mmol L− 1 H2O2 and 5.0×10− 3 mmol L− 1 glucose could be dectected via our method. Moreover, this sensitive method was successfully applied for the determination of glucose in human serum.
Unveiling the Role of CD27+ Memory B Cells in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: He Zheng-Jie , Zhang Peng-Wei , He Ke , Shi Zhi
Published: January 2024

This study performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to investigate the causal relationship between immune cells and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A total of 731 immune cell traits were evaluated for association with PBC to identify diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. GWAS data on immune cell traits and PBC were collected with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) used as instrumental variables. The IVW model showed a causal relationship between elevated levels of four CD27+ memory B cell types and increased risk of PBC (PFDR < 0.05). Specifically, CD27 expression on CD24+ CD27+ B cells, IgD+ CD24+ B cells, IgD− CD38dim B cells and unswitched memory B cells showed associations with PBC risk. However, no causal relationship between PBC and these immune cell traits was observed in the reverse MR analysis. Differential gene analysis from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, Spearman correlation analysis and enrichment analysis further supported the association between CD27+ memory B cells and PBC risk. These findings suggest that CD27 + memory B cells play a role in the pathogenesis of PBC and may serve as important targets for diagnostic and therapy strategies.
Genetic Assessment of Productive and Reproductive Traits in Friesian, Native, and Crossbred Cattle in Egypt
Authors: Ghazy Abdullah Ali , El-Enin Abdelhamid Saeed Abo , Badr Anas Abd El-Salam Abou El-Anine , El-Awady Hassan Ghazy , El-Naser Ibrahim Atta Mohammed Abu
Published: January 2024

A total of 3023, 596, and 1189 lactation records for Friesian, Native, and their Crosses cows from 1994 to 2015 were utilized in this study to estimate and assess genetic and phenotypic parameters and breeding values for 305-day milk yield (305-DMY), lactation period (LP), calving interval (CI), and days open (DO) in these three genotype groups within the Egyptian context. Data were analyzed using the LSMLMW and MTDFREML programs. The analytical model included fixed effects such as season and year of calving, parity, and genotype groups, while random effects included animal and error. Unadjusted means for 305-DMY, LP, CI, and DO were as follows: 3597 kg, 362 days, 524 days, and 198 days for Friesian cows; 1399 kg, 199 days, 499 days, and 169 days for Native cows; and 2671 kg, 395 days, 556 days, and 215 days for Crosses cows. Genotype groups had a highly significant impact on all the studied traits. Heritability estimates were higher in both Crosses (0.32, 0.26, 0.25, 0.23) and Native cows (0.26, 0.28, 0.28) for productive and reproductive traits, respectively, compared to the Friesian cows (0.24, 0.22, 0.16, 0.17) for the same traits. Genetic correlations among productive and reproductive traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.86 for the three genotype groups, while corresponding phenotypic correlations were small to moderate and positive. The accuracy estimated for breeding values indicated that genetic improvement can be achieved through both sires and cows.
Enhancing beef cow grazing productivity during summer: influence of tree density on beef cow and calf performance in natural grasslands
Authors: Llanos Pablo N. , Gonzalez C. M. , Fedrigo Jean K. , Viñoles Carolina
Published: January 2024

To study the impact of tree density on the productivity of beef cows and their calves grazing natural grasslands during the summer, 29 cows (Brangus and their crossbreeds with British breeds) and their calves were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: 1) Full sun (0 trees/ha), 2) Low density (160 trees/ha), 3) High density (240 trees/ha). Grazing intensity was managed through its height at 7-10 cm in all treatments. Traits evaluated included live weight, body condition score, milk production, pregnancy rate and black globe temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), that were analysed using the SAS mixed and genmode procedures, being significant if P<0.05 and tendencies for P values >0.05 and <0.1. Each cm of forage height was equivalent to 168 kg DM/ha. The lowest BGTHI was recorded under the trees in the treatment 160 trees/ha (69.9±1.4), but the value in the alley of treatment 240 trees/ha (72.1±0.7) was similar to the control (72.2±0.7). Cow and calf productivity was similar among treatments (P>0.05). Cow in the high tree density tended to have a greater pregnancy rate (7/11) than cows in the full sun (2/9), with intermediate values for those in the low tree density (4/9; P<0.06). We conclude that in plantations of 160 and 240 trees/ha of 2 years of age, the cow-calf pair has the same productivity as the treeless group, when the natural grassland height is managed at 9±2 cm. However, pregnancy was positively related to tree density, advantage that was not associated to a lower BGTHI.
Single-Molecule Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for NIR Targeted Cell Imaging
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhou Xiaolu , Bai Xue , Zhang Heng-Yi , Wang Li-Hua
Published: January 2024

A single-molecule phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) system with a large Stokes shift of 367 nm and near-infrared (NIR) emission is constructed by alkyl-bridged methoxy-tetraphenylethylene-phenylpyridines derivative (TPE-DPY), cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 7,8), and β-cyclodextrin modified hyaluronic acid (HACD). The experiment results demonstrate that the high binding affinity and various stoichiometric ratios of CB[n] (n = 7, 8) to TPE-DPY not only regulate the topological morphology of supramolecular assembly but also induce different phosphorescence emissions. The assembly of TPE-DPY and CB[7] presents spherical nanoparticles, exhibiting an emerging phosphorescence emission at 525 nm via the macrocyclic confinement effect to phenyl-pyridine units. CB[8] with a larger hydrophobic cavity binds with TPE-DPY to form an n:n pseudorotaxane nanorod, which induces an efficient phosphorescence at 545 nm. Varying from the binary assembly of CB[7] or CB[8], an entirely distinct topological organic three-dimensional nanoplate is obtained by the co-assembly TPE-DPY with CB[7]/CB[8], accompanying enhanced phosphorescence at 540 nm. Uncommonly, the secondary assembly of HACD and TPE-DPY/CB[7]/CB[8] activates a single intramolecular PRET process derived from phenyl pyridines unit to methoxy-tetraphenylethylene function group, enabling an NIR delayed fluorescence at 700 nm excited by 333 nm, which ultimately applied to mitochondrial targeted imaging for cancer cells.
An atypical case of spondylitis due to non-typhoidal Salmonella in adults: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hamada Toru , Furukawa Shinya , Kubota Masashi , Kikuchi Yoshio , Mitsunaga Eiji
Published: January 2024

Background
Non-typhoidal Salmonella commonly induces intestinal infections; however, spondylitis arising from this bacterium is exceedingly rare. A comprehensive review of the clinical attributes of non-typhoidal Salmonella-induced spondylitis in adult populations is lacking.
Case presentation:
Upon admission to our medical institution, an 83-year-old woman presented with a fever lasting 3 days, accompanied by anorexia and pervasive malaise. A month prior, she had been prescribed celecoxib and had received a trigger point injection. The patient was initially diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis and treated with an antimicrobial regimen. However, a week later, although her fever persisted, a complaint of back pain was absent. Discontinuation of celecoxib led to back pain. Subsequent urine and blood cultures, coupled with magnetic resonance imaging findings, confirmed the diagnosis of pyogenic spondylitis attributable to the Salmonella O7 group. With administration of antimicrobial agents, the patient’s fever abated and her back pain subsided. The antimicrobial regimen continued for 12 weeks, with no resurgence of fever or back pain following treatment.
Conclusions
Spondylitis resulting from non-typhoidal Salmonella is rare, with local pain and fever serving as pivotal diagnostic indicators. It is critical to take an accurate history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) use, such as the use of celecoxib, because of the potential of NSAIDs to obscure symptoms. Blood cultures are equally important, given the propensity to yield positive results in these cultures.
Molecular Model of Inhibition of the Catalytic Fragment of Domain ExoN of Exoribonuclease of Virus SARS-CoV-2-betacoronavirus B by Drug FS-1 Containing Molecular Iodine and Lithium and Magnesium Halides.
Authors: Yuldasheva Gulnara , Korotetskiy Ilya Sergeevich , Tabynov Kaissar , Tabynov Kairat , Ilin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: January 2024

Background: The 2020 pandemic has clearly shown the relevance of creating antiviral drugs. One of the targets of the drug is the active center of the vital enzymes of the virus. Such drugs include the antibacterial. and antiviral drug FS-1.
Method: For the study, a coronavirus cell culture line was used. The VERO C1008 cell culture [Vero 76, clone E6, Vero E6] (ATCC® CRL1586™) was adapted for use in the COVID-19 model. Antiviral activity of TI investigates in vitro by therapeutic, prophylactic and virus inhibition scheme.
Structures modeling the mechanism anticoronavirus effect of drug FS-1 are calculated using the approach DFT/B3PW91/6-31G**. Total energies of the complexes in aqueous solution calculated using model COSMO.
Result: Drug FS-1 substance has virus inhibitory activity at a concentration of 3.36 mg/ml in Vero E6 cell culture against coronavirus infection COVID-19 (strain hCoV19/Kazakhstan/KazNAU-NSCEDI-481/2020) in a dose of 100 TCID50/0.2 ml.
For the genome of the virus taken from isolate of SARS-CoV-2/INMI1/human/2020/ITA, the frequency of occurrence of nucleotide triplets has been analyzed. The most common triplet is AAA (281).
Using the DFT/B3PW91/6-31G** approach, it is shown the active complexes of drug FS-1: [MgI3LiII2]+ and Li(Cl)I3, can segregate from the dextrin helix and can form a complex with donor-active atoms of the triplet AAA of viral RNA.
Complexes of active center of nanocomplex FS-1 with triplet AAA destroy the complex formed by a phosphate group of viral RNA and a catalytic fragment of domain ExoN of exoribonuclease, and form a new nucleoprotein complex where lithium chloride and [MgI3LiII2]+ bind both viral RNA and magnesium ions of the catalytic fragment of domain ExoN of exoribonuclease. The conditions of cleavage of RNA are violated.
Conclusion Results of experimental research and the proposed molecular model show that the nanocomplex of drug FS-1 have anticoronavirus effect.
Occurrence of malignancies other than breast and ovarian cancer in female carriers of a BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant
Authors: Stuursma Annechien , Vegt Bert Van der , Berger Lieke P.V. , Hoor Maaike B. C. Ten , Oosterwijk Jan C. , Mourits Marian J. E. , De Bock Geertruida H.
Published: January 2024

Background
Women with BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variants (GPV) have an increased risk of breast and tubal/ovarian cancer at an early age. Previous studies suggested an additional increased risk for other types of malignancies at early age, but risk estimates vary widely. The aim of the current study was investigate if female BRCA1/2 GPV carriers have an increased risk of malignancies other than breast and ovarian cancer at an early age.
Methods
Since 1994, women with a BRCA1/2 GPV are prospectively included in a data/biobank at our university hospital. Data were linked to PALGA: Dutch Pathology Registry. The primary outcome was defined as the incidence of malignancies other than breast and tubal/ovarian cancer before the age of 60 years and coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Incidences were compared to crude rates/100.000 person-years for the Netherlands, stratified by age and calendar time. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results
From 1347 women, 37,068 person-years were available, in which 82 malignancies other than breast and ovarian cancer under age 60 were detected. An increased risk of cancer in general (excluding breast and tubal/ovarian cancer) (SIR:2.25, 95%CI:1.78–2.80, P < 0.001), head and neck (SIR:3.17, 95%CI:1.03–7.39, p < 0.05), gastro-intestinal (SIR:1.96, 95%CI:1.14–3.13, p < 0.05) and female genital cancer (SIR:2.48, 95%CI:1.61–3.65, p < 0.001) was found.
Conclusions
Female carriers of BRCA1/2 GPV under 60 years of age have an increased risk to develop cancer in general (excluding breast and tubal/ovarian cancer), especially head and neck, gastro-intestinal and female genital cancer. If confirmed in larger, prospective studies that include the role of bias and previous cancer treatment, awareness of these risks could tailor prevention strategies and/or surveillance.
Stability of Subsea Tunnels Using Finite Element Limit Analysis and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Shafiee Amir Hossein , Oulapour Masoud , Abdlkadhim Mustafa Abd Ali
Published: January 2024

Construction of subsea tunnels has grown significantly in recent decades around the world. Hence, ensuring the stability of these tunnels is very important. However, investigating the stability of subsea tunnels has not received enough attention. In the present study, the finite element limit analysis (FELA) was used to determine the internal pressure needed to maintain the stability of circular subsea tunnels embedded in a Tresca material by considering various values for the influential parameters. It was observed that the required internal pressure, in a dimensionless form, increased by increasing soil cover and water depth. The failure mechanism was also investigated. It was observed that the mechanism did not cover the tunnel’s roof for lower values of soil cover and soil’s undrained shear strength. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was implemented to predict the required dimensionless internal pressure. It was seen that in this regard, the performance of ANFIS was far better than the multiple linear regression (MLR).
Rehabilitation improves quality of life even in sarcopenia patients with hip fractures
Authors: Sawamura Hideaki , Inoue Hirokazu , Hayashi Yukinori , Masubuchi Masaaki , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: January 2024

Sarcopenia is becoming more common as the world’s population ages, and it has been noted that this condition reduces quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how sarcopenia affects rehabilitation after a hip fracture. This was a retrospective, single hospital observational study. We investigated patients who were hospitalized for rehabilitation after a hip fracture. The evaluation subjects were walking speed, Barthel Index, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), numerical rating scale of bodily pain (NRS), and calf circumference on admission and at discharge.128 patients were eligible. Sarcopenia affects 66.4% of the population. On discharge, the Barthel Index, BBS,and NRS in the sarcopenia group were greater than on admission. In the non-sarcopenia group, the Barthel Index on discharge was higher than on admission. On admission, the non-sarcopenia group had a higher Barthel Index, BBS, NRS, and circumference than the sarcopenia group. Patients with sarcopenia after hip surgery had an improved Barthel Index as a measure of activities of daily living and BBS as a measure of balance for rehabilitation. On admission, these outcomes were significantly worse in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group; however, they were significantly improved by postoperative rehabilitation of the hip fracture.
'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' SAP11-Like protein modulates expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, photosynthesis, and defense in Nicotiana occidentalis leaves.
Authors: Mittelberger Cecilia , Moser Mirko , Hause Bettina , Janik Katrin
Published: January 2024

Background: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali', the causal agent of apple proliferation disease, exerts influence on its host plant through various effector proteins, including SAP11CaPm which interacts with different TCP transcription factors. This study examines the transcriptional response of the plant upon early expression of SAP11CaPm. For that purpose, leaves of Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M. Wheeler were Agrobacterium-infiltrated to induce transient expression of SAP11CaPm and changes in the transcriptome were recorded until 5 days post infection.
Results: The analysis revealed that presence of SAP11CaPm in leaves leads to downregulation of genes involved in defense response and related to photosynthetic processes, while expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways was enhanced.
Conclusions: The results indicate that early SAP11CaPm expression might be important for the colonization of the host plant since phytoplasmas lack many metabolic genes and are thus dependent on metabolites from their host plant.
Irrigation in the North China Plain regulates the diurnal cycle of precipitation and regional water cycle
Authors: song yuanyuan , Wei Jiangfeng , Cheng Haoqiu , Zan Beilei
Published: January 2024

Irrigation, a significant human activity, impacts regional water cycles and climate. The effect of irrigation on the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigate irrigation's effects on the DCP and assess its contribution to precipitation in North China, utilizing a regional model coupled with a water vapor tracing scheme. Our findings indicate that, during the afternoon, irrigation in the North China Plain (NCP) generates a cooling effect, thereby intensifying the thermal contrast between the mountains and adjacent plain and strengthening the mountain-plains solenoid. As a result, there is an increase in the amount and frequency of afternoon precipitation in the northwestern mountains, while the southeastern plains experience a decrease. The cooling and moistening effects of irrigation inhibit the development of the planetary boundary layer and make it a challenge for air to reach the lifting condensation level, which impedes cloud and precipitation formation, thus delaying the peak of afternoon precipitation. Although irrigation's direct contribution to total precipitation does not exceed 6%, it is responsible for approximately 30% of the total precipitation changes induced by irrigation. The precipitation recycling ratio in the NCP is elevated under irrigation, especially in the mountains, likely due to enhanced moisture and altered local circulations. When the soil moisture is dry, irrigation's positive impact on precipitation is more pronounced, whereas in wet soil conditions, this positive effect diminishes and may even result in reduced precipitation.
Delayed breast reconstruction with autologous free flap after radiation therapy: Vascular complications and aesthetic outcomes
Authors: Miyazawa Kimie , Satake Toshihiko , Muto Mayu , Tsunoda Yui , Koike Tomoyuki , Narui Kazutaka , Katsuragi Ryouhei , Onoda Satoshi , Ishikawa Takashi
Published: January 2024

Background
The safety and outcome of breast reconstruction after radiotherapy are controversial, and the aesthetic aspects have not been studied extensively. We compared the results of vascular anastomosis, the incidence of postoperative complications, and aesthetic appearance between patients who had and had not received radiotherapy who then had undergone delayed breast reconstruction with autologous free flaps from abdomen, thighs, and buttocks.
Methods
We investigated 196 flaps implanted in patients who did not receive radiotherapy and 78 flaps implanted in patients who received radiotherapy before breast reconstruction in 256 patients. Of the 274 flaps, 230 came from the abdomen, 27 from the thighs, 14 from the buttocks, and 3 from other anatomic locations. We evaluated aesthetic outcomes in 107 patients who had not received radiotherapy and 45 who had.
Results
We found no significant differences between the two groups in incidence of vascular reanastomosis, time required for anastomosis, or incidence of unplanned reoperation. Complications such as flap necrosis were rare in both groups. Aesthetic outcomes were significantly better in the patients who had not received radiotherapy. Among the patients who had received radiotherapy, the aesthetic results were superior after two-stage reconstruction than after one-stage reconstruction.
Conclusions
Breast reconstruction with autologous free flaps can be performed safely in patients who have received radiotherapy, but the aesthetic result is slightly inferior to that in patients who had not received radiotherapy. In patients who have received radiotherapy, two-stage reconstruction tends to produce more aesthetically pleasing results than does one-stage reconstruction, but one-stage reconstruction is recommended if the breast skin exhibits radiation-induced changes.
Mechanical Behavior of Hot Extruded Aluminum 6082 Chip
Authors: Mahmoud Seif El Din , El-Gamasy Ramadan , El-Wahab Ayman Abd
Published: January 2024

In a bid to address the energy-intensive nature of primaryaluminum production, this study explores the solid-state recyclingof aluminum alloy 6082 chips through direct hot extrusion. Thechips were compacted at room temperature and extruded attemperatures of 350, 425, and 500°C, with reduction ratios of 6, 8.5,and 11. The influence of these extrusion parameters on themechanical behavior of the recycled material was thoroughlyinvestigated to optimize the recycling process. A comprehensiveanalysis of tensile properties, density variations, andmicrostructural changes was conducted. Experimental resultsrevealed a significant impact of varying extrusion parameters onmaterial properties. ANOVA and linear multiple regression analyseswere employed to establish relationships between extrusionconditions and mechanical properties. The findings underscore thepotential for enhanced recycling practices and sustainablemanufacturing.
The impact of Over The Top service providers on the Global Mobile Telecom Industry: A quantified analysis and recommendations for recovery
Authors: Awwad Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Telecom industry is significantly evolving all over the globe than ever. Mobile users’ number is increasing remarkably. Telecom operators are investing to get more users connected and to improve user experience, however, they are facing various challenges. Decrease of main revenue streams of voice calls, SMS (Short Message Service) and LDC (Long distance calls) with a significant increase in data traffic. In contrary, with free cost, OTT (Over the top) providers such as WhatsApp and Facebook communication services rendered over networks that built and owned by MNOs. Recently, OTT services gradually substituting the traditional MNOs' services and became ubiquitous with the help of the underlying data services provided by MNOs. The OTTs' services massive penetration into telecom industry is driving the MNOs to reconsider their strategies and revenue sources.
Unique presentation of pycnodysostosis with multisuture craniosynostosis in a Sri Lankan child: a case report
Authors: Kolambage Yasas D. , Cooray Amila L. , Subasinghe Vindya , Liyanage Udari A. , Dissanayake Vajira H.W.
Published: January 2024

Background:
Pycnodysostosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by loss-of-function variants in the CTSK gene. The report represents the first documented case of pycnodysostosis in Sri Lanka, distinguished by its novel and atypical presentation. This expands the known phenotypic spectrum of pycnodysostosis, emphasizing the impact of specific CTSK gene variants on clinical manifestations.
Case Presentation:
A 2-year-old Sri Lankan boy presented with failure to thrive and multisuture craniosynostosis. This atypical presentation was complicated by increased alkaline phosphatase levels and vitamin D deficiency, without any evidence of fractures. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in the CTSK gene: a pathogenic variant c.568C>T, p.(Gln190*) and a variant of uncertain significance c263A>C, p.(Gln88Pro). Parental testing confirmed autosomal recessive inheritance. The patient underwent surgical correction for craniosynostosis, orbital encephalocele reduction, and received treatment for vitamin D deficiency.
Conclusions:
The clinical features seen in this patient expand the phenotypic spectrum of pycnodysostosis and deepen the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms driving this uncommon genetic condition. It illustrates the possible impact of specific CTSK gene variants on phenotypic manifestations, such as craniosynostosis. Furthermore, this report provides a comprehensive account of the biochemical parameters of bone metabolism observed in patients previously diagnosed with pycnodysostosis, shedding light on the variability in laboratory findings and emphasizing the need for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Experimental and numerical research on pseudo-ductility of carbon/glass hybrid composites with unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands
Authors: Hu Junfeng , Huang Yinyuan , Jin Kefan , Zhang Xutong , Lu Wenlong , Zhang Siqi , Zhao Jianping , Chen Dingding
Published: January 2024

The mutual exclusion of strength and toughness in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites has long perplexed composite material designers, despite the benefits of high specific strength and modulus in CFRP. In this study, unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands (UACS) are introduced into thin ply carbon fiber prepregs, which are stacked with S-glass fiber prepregs to fabricate carbon/glass hybrid laminates (C/G). Tensile characteristics and the mechanism of pseudo-ductility are explored experimentally and numerically in C/G hybrid laminates with varying material component ratios. In C/G hybrid specimens with the slit length of 20 mm and the material component ratio of 6%, obvious pseudo-ductility is found, and the pseudo-ductility strain increases by 116% as the C/G ratio increases from 6–18%, while the plateau stress reduces by 35.1%. The delamination propagation is reasonably even and slow in specimens with length slits of 20 mm, therefore, there is no rapid load drop during the tensile process. When the slit length is shorter than 20 mm, the stress concentration at the slit tip rises dramatically, resulting in more unstable load drops in load-displacement curves. The stress-strain curves derived by simulation correlate well with the experiment data, indicating that the numerical model used in this study is accurate.
Level of Knowledge and Awareness of Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients about Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ön Sercan , SEVGEN Zeynep Gülsüm GÜÇ , ELLIDOKUZ Hulya , ÖZTOP İlhan
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Cancer is a global health problem that threatens lives worldwide. Awareness of cancer diagnosis varies over time. It differs according to the attitudes of societies, and there are not enough studies on this subject in Turkey, a Eurasian country.
Methods: Between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2018, 159 newly diagnosed cancer patients who were admitted to the DEÜTF Medical Oncology Outpatient Clinic were included in the study. In order to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of the patients about their diseases, a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was administered to them.
Results: 151 patients (95%) stated that they were informed about their disease, while 8 patients (5%) stated that no information was given. 11 (7%) relatives preferred to conceal the cancer diagnosis from the patient. Although awareness of cancer diagnosis was high, 25% of patients classified the level of knowledge provided as insufficient. It was found to be associated with advanced age, low income level, diagnosis in non-surgical clinics, lack of sufficient time during explanation and lack of using understandable language.
Conclusion: This study proved that attitudes towards providing information to cancer patients are similar to those in Western countries and have improved over time. Awareness of the cancer diagnosis contributes to patients' participation in treatment and decision-making processes, as well as a reduction in patient distress. For all these reasons, patients should be adequately informed about the diagnosis of cancer.