bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Kawasaki Like Disease: The Known-Known, the Unknown-Known and the Unknown-Unknown
Authors: Morand Aurélie , Urbina Diego , Fabre Alexandre
Published: May 2020

In the end of April nearly 100 cases of children aged between 6 month and 9 years with Kawasaki like disease have been reported (mostly in Europe) probably linked to COVID-19. We aim to sum up the known data about this new entity based on published data (in a case report, a serie of 8 cases and in newspapers and society statement) and using our knowledge of classical Kawasaki disease. It seems to be a post infectious disease with an onset between 2-4 weeks after the infection, probably in genetically predisposed children aged between 6 month to 17 years. A very rough estimation of incidence based on data from Bergamo, Italy, and New York State and a lot assumption is between 0.011% (95% CI:0.009-0.014%) - 0.31% (95% CI: 0.2-0.47%) of infected children. Clinical signs overlaps with Kawasaki disease in some children, but another feature is prominent gastrointestinal manifestations. For the 9 detailed patients most had incomplete presentation for Kawasaki disease (with a mean 1.7 (+/-1.2) criteria per patient for the 5 non fever criterion) and only one had a classical form. In some cases, presentation is closer to toxic shock syndrome or isolated myocarditis. Persistent fever seems to be constant and biological exploration are consistent with inflammation (elevated CRP, ferritin and D-Dimers). Management is described as supportive and children seem to improve rapidly, but can require cardiac or respiratory support. To date there is one death. Paediatricians and general practitioners need to be aware of these possible evolution following COVID-19 infection. However it seems to be rare and children are probably still spared from most morbidities and mortality linked to COVID-19 infection .There are need of published detailed cohorts to better delineate these entities.
Zinc Doped Halloysite Cooperating with Polylactic Acid for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Luo Yangyang , Humayun Ahmed , Mills David
Published: May 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have received considerable focus in the area of bone engineering due to its precise control in the fabrication of complex structures with customizable shapes, internal and external architectures, mechanical strength, and bioactivity. In this study, we design a new composition biomaterial consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with zinc nanoparticles (PLA+H+Zn). The hydrophobic surface of the 3D printed scaffold was coated with two layers of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the sides and one layer of NaOH in the middle. Additionally, a layer of gentamicin was coated on the outermost layer against bacterial infection. Scaffolds were cultured in standard cell culture medium without the addition of osteogenic medium. This surface modification strategy improved material hydrophilicity and enhanced cell adhesion. Pre-osteoblasts cultured on these scaffolds differentiated into osteoblasts and proceeded to produce a type I collagen matrix and subsequent calcium deposition. 3D printed scaffolds formed from this composition possessed high mechanical strength and showed an osteoinductive potential. Furthermore, the external coating of antibiotics not only preserved the previous osteogenic properties of the 3D scaffold but also significantly reduced bacterial growth. Our surface modification model enabled the fabrication of a material surface that was hydrophilic and antibacterial, simultaneously, with an osteogenic property. The designed PLA+H+Zn may be a viable candidate for the fabrication of customized bone implants.
Applying Onicescu Information Energy for Gray Level Image Segmentation
Authors: Patrascu Vasile
Published: May 2020

This article presents a method of segmenting images with gray levels that uses Onicescu's information energy calculated in the context of the neutrosophic theory. Starting from the information energy calculation for complete neutrosophic information, it is shown how to extend its calculation for incomplete and inconsistent neutrosophic information. The segmentation method is based on calculation of thresholds for separating the gray levels using the local maximum points of the Onicescu information energy.
Interference of SARS-CoV-2 with the Homeostasis of Ventilation and Perfusion in the Lung
Authors: Arias Clemente F. , Acosta Francisco J. , Bertocchini Federica , Fernández-Arias Cristina
Published: May 2020

A growing number of studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could interfere with homeostatic mechanisms in the lung but the implications of this possible interference have not been fully explored in the literature. In this work, we examine the consequences that can be drawn from this hypothesis according to currently available knowledge. We suggest that one such consequence is the potential disruption of normal ventilation and perfusion of lung regions that may be distant from the infection sites. Loss of ventilation might result in local alveolar hypoxia and contribute to hypoxemia, which in turn could trigger homeostatic responses that enhance blood oxygenation by redistributing pulmonary blood circulation. Sudden changes in perfusion might then lead to the development of hydrostatic edema and eventually to vascular remodeling and inflammation. Therefore, the immune response might not be the only source of the substantial inflammation observed in lung tissues of patients with severe COVID-19, as is often assumed in the literature. The balance between the homeostatic and the immune reaction in each patient could account for the observed heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 and the Possible Connection to ERs, ACE2 and RAGE: Focus on Susceptibility Factors
Authors: Sessa Stilhano Roberta , Jardim Costa Angelica , Nishino Michelle Sayuri , Shams Shahin , Bartolomeo Cynthia Silva , Breithaupt-Faloppa Ana Cristina , Silva Eduardo Alexandre , Ramirez Ana Lopez , Prado Carla Maximo , Ureshino Rodrigo Portes
Published: May 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has provoked major stresses on the health care systems of several countries, and caused the death of more than a quarter of a million people globally, mainly in the elderly population with pre-existing pathologies. Previous studies with coronavirus (SARS-CoV) point to gender differences in infection and disease progression with increased susceptibility in male patients, indicating that estrogens may be associated with physiological protection against the coronavirus. Therefore, the objectives of this work are threefold. First, we aim to summarize the SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway and the roles both the virus and patient play in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) progression, clinical symptomology, and mortality. Second, we detail the effect estrogen has on viral infection and host infection response, including its role in both the regulation of key viral receptor expression and the mediation of inflammatory activity. Finally, we describe how ERs (estrogen receptors) and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) play a critical role in metabolic pathways, which we envisage could maintain a close interplay with SARS-CoV and COVID-19 mortality rates, despite a current lack of research directly determining how. Taken together, we present the current state of the field regarding SARS-CoV-2 research and illuminate where research is needed to better define the role both estrogen and metabolic comorbidities have in the COVID-19 disease state, which can be key in screening potential therapeutic options as the search for effective treatments continue.
Pemberdayaan Peternak dalam Teknologi Produksi Pupuk Organik dan Biogas di Desa Gedong dan Desa Gemawang Kecamatan Ngadirojo, Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Emawati Shanti , Rahayu Endang Tri , Suwarto Suwarto , Sudiyono Sudiyono
Published: May 2020

Ngadirojo District was one of the centers of beef cattle business development in Wonogiri Regency. But the business done by farmers has not yet produced an optimal income. The purpose of this service activity was to empower farmers by increasing farmers' knowledge through the application of organic fertilizer-based fertilizer production technologies for beef cattle manure and biogas waste so as to increase the income of farmers. The method of this community service activity was through FGD (Focus Group Discussion), counseling, training and demonstration plots on technology for organic fertilizer and biogas production. The result of this activity was an increase in knowledge of farmers after attending counseling and training on organic fertilizer and biogas production technology. Farmers in Gemawang and Gedong Ngadirojo villages have benefited from the construction of biogas installations and the processing of livestock waste into organic fertilizer. The conclusion of this activity was the effort of empowerment through counseling activities and training on processing livestock waste into organic fertilizer and biogas showing success and running effectively as seen from the increasing knowledge of respondents after participating in counseling and training activities.
Studi Komparasi Kebertahanan Kota Pasca Bencana Alam
Authors: Ekawati June , Hardiman Gagoek , Pandelaki Edward Endrianto
Published: May 2020

Many cities in the world are geographically located in areas prone to natural disasters. This research is a comparative study that aims to compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of these cities in the process towards a resilient city despite having a high level of vulnerability to natural disasters. Some cities which are taken as case studies here show a good level of resilience to the disasters experienced. Case studies from this study are three cities namely Kobe, in Hyogo (Japan), Padang (Indonesia) and Camalig (Philippines) which use qualitative descriptive methods with SWOT analysis techniques. From the three cases studied, it was concluded that all three have the same vulnerability due to geographical location, but these three cities also have the capacity as cities that are resilient to disasters with different strengths of capital, which are able to be counterbalanced from vulnerability to resilience.
Penerapan Ekowisata Pada Perancangan Hotel Resort Bintang Tiga di Pacet
Authors: Alyah Vicky , Ratriningsih Desrina
Published: May 2020

Pacet is one of the natural attractions in Mojokerto Regency, East Java. According to the Mojokerto Regency Spatial Plan for 2012-2032, the area of Pacet is a prioritized area for tourism development. Most of tourist areas in Mojokerto, especially in Pacet, have an increase of 30% -70% of visitors since 2015, one of which is Padusan Pacet Tourism Wana. However, it is unfortunate that the increasing number of tourists is not followed by the development of tourist accommodation. Based on the natural potential of Pacet with a cool and pollution-free atmosphere, the application of the Ecotourism concept to Resort Hotel buildings is expected to benefit the surrounding environment in Pacet. The application of Ecotourism to the design of Resort Hotels will be focused on the natural potential of Pacet (Natural Area Focus). In addition, in the future, there will also be land conservation and plants to preserve the natural ecosystem of Padusan (Contribution To Conservation). This concept incorporates local cultural elements of Pacet (Cultural Respect) in Mojokerto District to attract tourists to stay at Resort Hotels in Pacet.
Management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Asia
Authors: Kim Su Il , Lechien Jerome R. , Ayad Tareck , Jia Huan , Khoddami Seyyedeh Maryam , Enver Necati , Raghunandhan Sampath Kumar , Hamdan Abdul Latif , Eun Young-Gyu
Published: May 2020

Objectives. This study was conducted to investigate the current practices of Asian otolaryngologists for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Methods. An online survey about LPR was sent to 2,000 members of Asian otolaryngological societies, and a subgroup analysis was performed between Western and Eastern Asian otolaryngologists. The survey was conducted by the Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies.Results. Among approximately 1,600 Asian otolaryngologists, 146 completed the survey (62 from Western Asian countries, 84 from Eastern Asian countries). A substantial majority (73.3%) of the otolaryngologists considered LPR and gastroesophageal reflux disease to be different diseases. The symptoms thought to be closely related to LPR were coughing after lying down, throat clearing, and globus sensation. The findings thought to be closely related to LPR were posterior commissure granulations and hypertrophy, arytenoids, and laryngeal erythema. The respondents indicated that they mostly diagnosed LPR (70%) after an empirical therapeutic trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Although multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring is a useful tool for diagnosing nonacid or mixed LPR, 78% of Asian otolaryngologists never or very rarely used MII-pH. Eastern Asian otolaryngologists more frequently used once-daily PPIs (64.3% vs. 45.2%, P=0.021), whereas Western Asian otolaryngologists preferred to use twice-daily PPIs (58.1% vs. 39.3%, P=0.025). The poor dietary habits of patients were considered to be the main reason for therapeutic failure by Asian otolaryngologists (53.8%). Only 48.6% of Asian otolaryngologists considered themselves to be adequately knowledgeable and skilled regarding LPR.Conclusion. Significant differences exist between Western and Eastern Asian otolaryngologists in the diagnosis and treatment of LPR. Future consensus statements are needed to establish diagnostic criteria and therapeutic regimens.
Amygdalin promotes the activity of T cells to suppress the progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Dong , Sun Kewei , Peng Jianping , Zhu Wenfang , Yin Sihan , Tang Dan , Wu Yunan
Published: May 2020

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a high-risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . Cellular immune responses are essential for HCC development, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T subtypes are identified as the primary anti-tumor immune cells. In the study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of amygdalin in the cellular immune response in HBV-related HCC and HCC progression. Methods: The cell proliferation was examined by MTT analysis. Cells metastasis ability was detected by Invasion and migration assays. Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed with Flow cytometer assay. The protein levels of p-STAT3, STAT3, p-JAK2, JAK2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 were detected by performing immunoblotting assays. Results: We demonstrate that amygdalin treatment could rescue the HBV-T cell viability and IFN-γ and TNF-αproduction . In HBV-T cells, the MFI levels of CD8 + are lower than that in NC-T cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and JAK2 are higher in HBV-T cells, compared to those in NC-T cells, and then reduced by amygdalin treatment. Co-culture with HBV-T cells could reduce IFN-γ and TNF-α, production while increase IL-6 and IL-10 production in HepG2.2.15 cells; these alterations could be partially reversed by amygdalin pretreatment. Finally, co-culture with HBV-T cells significantly promoted the cell viability, inhibited the apoptosis, and promoted the migration of HepG2.2.15 cells , and these alterations could be partially reversed by amygdalin treatment. Conclusion: Our findings provide a rationale for further studies on the functions and mechanism of amygdalin inhibiting HBV-related HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via T cell-mediated tumor immunity.
Influential factors of postoperative outcomes of symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus
Authors: Yang ShunJie , Ding Zhong-Jun , Li Jian , Xue Yang , Chen Gang
Published: May 2020

Background: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) have a higher rate of tear and degeneration for its abnormal shape and structure. Arthroscopy is the main treatment for symptomatic DLM, however, postoperative clinical outcomes vary widely resulting from effects of diverse factors. Therefore, the present research aims to explore the factors influencing postoperative clinical outcomes of symptomatic DLM . Methods: Patients with discoid meniscus who underwent arthroscopic surgery at our hospital from 9/2008 to 9/2015 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gender, body mass index (BMI) ,and 18 other factors were selected as potential predictors that might affect postoperative outcomes . Knee function was assessed by the Lysholm, Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Ikeuchi scales. Univariate analyses (rank-sum test and chi-squared test) and multivariate analyses (ordered logistic regression and logistic regression) were used to detect the risk factors bearing on postoperative outcomes. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 502 patients were enrolled. Female gender was an influencing factor for Lysholm (P=0.002, odds ratio (OR) =2.713), Tegner (P=0.001, OR=2.526) , IKDC (P=0.022, OR=1.735) and Ikeuchi scores (P=0.010, OR=2.164). BMI was negatively correlated with Lysholm (P=0.007, OR=1.119) and IKDC (P=0.029, OR=1.088) scores. Work intensity was negatively related to IKDC (P=0.038, OR=1.492) and Ikeuchi (P=0.014, OR=1.689) scores. Age of onset was inversely correlated with Tegner (P<0.001, OR=1.109) score.Symptoms duration and IKDC (P=0.002, OR=1.020) had an inverse correlation. Lack of cartilage lesions was a protective factor in terms of Tegner score (P<0.001, OR=0.261). Outerbridge grade was negatively correlated with Lysholm (P=0.016, OR=1.589) and Ikeuchi (P=0.017, OR=1.582) scores. Saucerization with repair was a risk factor for poor Ikeuchi scores (P=0.037, OR=4.328) in terms of subtotal/total meniscectomy. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of symptomatic DLM is safe and effective . Female sex, cartilage lesions and saucerization with repair may be related to unfavourable postoperative outcomes. Clinical efficacy may worsen with increasingBMI, work intensity, symptomatic duration, age of onset and Outerbridge grade.
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron-derived outer membrane vesicles promote regulatory dendritic cell responses in health but not in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Durant Lydia , Stentz Régis , Noble Alistair , Brooks Johanne , Gicheva Nadezhda , Reddi Durga , O’Connor Matthew J. , Hoyles Lesley , McCartney Anne L. , Man Ripple , Pring E. Tobias , Dilke Stella , Hendy Philip , Segal Jonathan P , Lim Dennis N.F. , Misra Ravi , Hart Ailsa L. , Arebi Naila , Carding Simon R. , Knight Stella C.
Published: May 2020

Background: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota that, like all Gram-negative bacteria, naturally generates nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which bud off from the cell surface. Importantly, OMVs can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to mediate microbe-host cell crosstalk involving both epithelial and immune cells to help maintain intestinal homeostasis. Here we have examined the interaction between Bt OMVs and blood or colonic mucosa-derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Results: In healthy individuals, Bt OMVs stimulated significant (p<0.05) IL-10 expression by colonic DC, whereas in peripheral blood-derived DC they also stimulated significant (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively) expression of IL-6 and the activation marker CD80. Conversely, in UC Bt OMVs were unable to elicit IL-10 expression by colonic DC. There were also reduced numbers of CD103+ DC in the colon of both UC and CD patients compared to controls, supporting a loss of regulatory DC in both diseases. Furthermore, in CD and UC, Bt OMVs elicited a significantly lower proportion of DC which expressed IL-10 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) in blood compared to controls. These alterations in DC responses to Bt OMVs were seen in patients with inactive disease, and thus are indicative of intrinsic defects in immune responses to this commensal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest a key role for OMVs generated by the commensal gut bacterium Bt in directing a balanced immune response to constituents of the microbiota locally and systemically during health which is altered in IBD patients.
A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress
Authors: Su Peisen , Yan Jun , Li Wen , Wang Liang , Zhao Jinxiao , Ma Xin , Li Anfei , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang
Published: May 2020

Background: Salt and drought are the main abiotic stresses that restrict yield of crops. It is reported that peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in various abiotic stress responses. However, few wheat PRXs are characterized in the mechanism of abiotic stresses. Results: In this study, a novel wheat peroxidase (PRX) gene named TaPRX-2A, a member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, was cloned and characterized in salt stress response. Based on the identification and evolutionary analysis of class III PRXs in 12 plants, we proposed an evolutionary model that TaPRX-2A might have experienced some exon fusion events during evolution. We also detected the positive selection of PRX domain in 13 PRXs involving our evolutionary model, and found 2 or 6 positively selected sites during TaPRX-2A evolution. The results of expression pattern showed that TaPRX-2A exhibited relatively higher expression levels in root tissue compared with that of leaf and stem tissues by using qRT-PCR. This TaPRX-2A was also induced by some stresses and hormone treatments including PEG6000, NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic wheat plants with overexpression of TaPRX-2A showed higher tolerance to salt stress than wild type (WT) plants. Confocal microscopy revealed that TaPRX-2A :eGFP was mainly localized in nuclei. The survival rate, relative water content and shoot length were higher in TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat than WT. However, root lengths were no significant difference between transgenic wheat and WT. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat than WT, resulting in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We also measured the expression levels of downstream stress-related genes ( RD22 , TLP4 , ABAI , GLP4 , GST22 , FeSOD, CuSOD, and CAT ). The results showed that RD22 , TLP4 , ABAI , GST22 , FeSOD, and CAT exhibited higher expression in TaPRX-2A -overexpressing lines than in WT under salt stress. Conclusions: The results show that TaPRX-2A plays a positive factor in response to salt stress by scavenging ROS and regulating stress-related genes.
Metabolic and Clinical responses to Bunium Persicum (Black Caraway) supplementation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jafari-Maskouni Saber , Shahraki Mansour , Daneshi-Maskooni Milad , Dashipour Alireza , Shamsi-Goushki Ali , Mortazavi Zinat
Published: May 2020

Background : Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. We aimed to determine the effects of Bunium Persicum (BP) on serum glucose indices, lipid profile, and nesfatin-1 levels in overweight or obese T2DM patients. Methods : Participant recruitment took place in the diabetic clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Zahedan. Based on the eligibility criteria, 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups, namely BP (n=30) and placebo (n=30). The supplementation was one 1000 mg capsule 2 times /day BP with meals (lunch and dinner) for 8 weeks. Bodyweight, waist circumference, serum nesfatin-1, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity checks index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were also calculated. Results : In comparison with placebo, BP significantly decreased FBS, HOMA-IR, and BMI (P<0.05). The differences in the FBI, QUICKI, TG, TC, LDL, HDL,WC and Nesfatin-1 were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion : BP supplement improved serum glucose indices and decreased BMI among overweight or obese T2DM patients; though, further trials are suggested to confirm results. Trial Registration : Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20181207041876N1, Registered 18/01/2019, https://irct.ir/trial/35752
Feasibility of an integrated multidisciplinary geriatric rehabilitation programme for older stroke patients: a process evaluation
Authors: Vluggen Tom , Haastregt Jolanda van , Verbunt Jeanine , Heugten Caroline van , Schols Jos
Published: May 2020

Background: Almost half of the stroke patients admitted to geriatric rehabilitation has persisting problems after discharge. Currently, there is no evidence based geriatric rehabilitation programme available for older stroke patients, combining inpatient rehabilitation with adequate aftercare aimed at reducing the impact of persisting problems after discharge from a geriatric rehabilitation unit. Therefore, we developed an integrated multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme consisting of inpatient neurorehabilitation treatment using goal attainment scaling, home based self-management training, and group based stroke education for patients and informal caregivers. We performed a process evaluation to assess to what extent this programme was performed according to protocol. Furthermore, we assessed the participation of the patients in the programme, and the opinion of patients, informal caregivers and care professionals on the programme.Methods: In this multimethod study, process data were collected by means of interviews, questionnaires, and registration forms among 97 older stroke patients, 89 informal caregivers, and 103 care professionals involved in the programme.Results: A part of patients and informal caregivers did not receive all key elements of the programme. Almost all patients formulated rehabilitation goals, but among two thirds of the patients the goal attainment scaling method was used. Furthermore, the self-management training was considered rather complex and difficult to apply for frail elderly persons with stroke, and the percentage of therapy sessions performed in the patients’ home environment was lower than planned. In addition, about a quarter of the patients and informal caregivers attended the education sessions. However, a majority of patients, informal caregivers and care professionals indicated the beneficial aspects of the programme.Conclusion: This study revealed that although the programme in general is perceived to be beneficial by patients, and informal and formal caregivers, the feasibility of the programme needs further attention. Because of persisting cognitive deficits and specific care needs in our frail and multimorbid target population, some widely used methods such as goal attainment scaling, and self-management training seemed not feasible in their current form. To optimize feasibility of the programme, it is recommended to tailor these elements more optimally to the population of frail older patients. Trial registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Register Number (ISRCTN62286281), and The Dutch Trial Register (NTR2412).
Identification of blast resistance QTLs based on two ad vanced backcross populations in rice
Authors: Jiang Haichao , Feng Yutao , Qiu Lei , Gao Guanjun , Zhang Qinglu , He Yuqing
Published: May 2020

Background: Rice blast is an economically important and mutable disease of rice. Using host resistance gene to breed resistant varieties has been proven to be the most effective and economical method to control rice blast and new resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are then needed.Results: In this study, we constructed two advanced backcross population to mapping blast resistance QTLs. CR071 and QingGuAi3 were as the donor parent to establish two BC3F1 and derived BC3F2 backcross population in the Jin23B background. By challenging the two populations with natural infection in 2011 and 2012, 16 and 13 blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi3 population, respectively. Among Jin23B/CR071 population, 3 major and 13 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 3.50% to 34.08% in two years. And, among Jin23B/QingGuAi3 population, 2 major and 11 minor QTLs have explained the phenotypic variation from 2.42% to 28.95% in two years.Conclusions: Sixteen and thirteen blast resistance QTLs were identified in Jin23B/CR071 and Jin23B/QingGuAi3 population, respectively. QTL effect analyses suggested that major and minor QTLs interaction is the genetic basis for durable blast resistance in rice variety CR071 and QingGuAi3.
Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) exhibit high intensity pyrethroid resistance throughout Southern and Central Mali (2016–2018): PBO or next generation LLINs may provide greater control
Authors: Sovi Arthur , Keita Chitan , Sinaba Youssouf , Dicko Abdourhamane , Traore Ibrahim , Cisse Moussa BM , Koita Ousmane , Dengela Dereje , Flatley Cecilia , Bankineza Elie , Mihigo Jules , Belemvire Allison , Carlson Jenny , Fornadel Christen , Oxborough Richard Martin
Published: May 2020

Background: Millions of pyrethroid LLINs have been distributed in Mali during the past 20 years which, along with agricultural use, has increased the selection pressure on malaria vector populations. This study investigated pyrethroid resistance intensity and susceptible status of malaria vectors to alternative insecticides to guide choice of insecticides for LLINs and IRS for effective control of malaria vectors. Methods: For 3 years between 2016 and 2018, susceptibility testing was conducted annually in 14–16 sites covering southern and central Mali. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) were collected from larval sites and adult mosquitoes exposed in WHO tube tests to diagnostic doses of bendiocarb (0.1%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%). Resistance intensity tests were conducted using CDC bottle bioassays (2016–2017) and WHO tube tests (2018) at 1×, 2×, 5×, and 10× the diagnostic concentration of permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin. WHO tube tests were conducted with pre-exposure to the synergist PBO followed by permethrin or deltamethrin. Chlorfenapyr was tested in CDC bottle bioassays at 100 µg active ingredient per bottle and clothianidin at 2% in WHO tube tests. PCR was performed to identify species within the An. gambiae complex. Results: In all sites An. gambiae (s.l.) showed high intensity resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin in CDC bottle bioassay tests in 2016 and 2017. In 2018, the WHO intensity tests resulted in survivors at all sites for permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin when tested at 10× the diagnostic dose. Across all sites mean mortality was 33.7% with permethrin (0.75%) compared with 71.8% when pre-exposed to PBO (4%), representing a 2.13-fold increase in mortality. A similar trend was recorded for deltamethrin. There was susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl, chlorfenapyr and clothianidin in all surveyed sites, including current IRS sites in Mopti Region. An. coluzzii was the primary species in 4 of 6 regions. Conclusions: Widespread high intensity pyrethroid resistance was recorded during 2016–2018 and is likely to compromise the effectiveness of pyrethroid LLINs in Mali. PBO or chlrofenapyr LLINs should provide improved control of An. gambiae (s.l.). Clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides are currently being used for IRS as part of a rotation strategy based on susceptibility being confirmed in this study.
Factors affecting perioperative serum albumin variation and short term complications in pediatric patients undergoing major gastroenterology surgery
Authors: Liu Qingshuang , Gao Kai , Sun Xiaomin , Guo Chunbao
Published: May 2020

Background: Albumin is considered a negative acute-phase protein because its concentration decreases during injury and sepsis. The decrease in serum albumin might be important for perioperative morbidity, even in patients with normal preoperative levels in pediatric population. We here intend to determine the perioperative factors associated with the reduction in serum albumin within 2 postoperative days compared with the preoperative level (∆ALB) and its influence on the perioperative outcome in a pediatric general surgical cohort. Methods: This single-center retrospective review included 939 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy between August 2010 and Aug 2019. Based on the mean valure of ∆ALB (14.6%), patients were separated into two groups, including a high ∆ALB group (≥14.6%) and a low ∆ALB group (<14.6%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for the reduction in serum albumin. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for any potential selection bios for the two groups. In 366 matched patients, influences of operating time on perioperative outcomes, including postoperative recovery, complications measurement, and length of hospital stay between the two groups were analyzed. Results: For all 996 patients reviewed, 939 patient records were enrolled into the final analysis. Controlling for other factors, multivariate analysis showed that the high CRP on POD 3 or 4 (odds ratio[OR] =2.36 [95% CI, 1.51-3.86]; p =0.007), presence of Charcot's triad (OR=1.73[95% CI, 1.05-2.83]; p = 0.031), the longer operating time (OR=1.18[95% CI, 1.00 -1.53]; p=0.014) were factors that predicted the high ∆ALB level. The high ∆ALB level was associated with postoperative gastrointestinal functional recovery, reflected by the first defecation (p= 0.013) and first bowel movement (p=0.019) and the high occurrence of postoperative complications (16.1% vs 10.9%, OR, 1.57; 95 %CI, 1.02-2.41, P=0.0026). The mean length of postoperative stay was longer than that of patients with ∆ALB < 14.0% group, although no statistic significant was stained (p=0.057). Conclusions: We showed that change in albumins was associated with postoperative outcomes. The risk factors for ∆ALB could be intervened in the perioperative period to permit patients gain a safe recovery and discharge after major abdominal operations.
In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Hossain Md. Akil , Park Hae-Chul , Lee Kwang-jick , Park Sung-Won , Park Seung-Chun , Kang JeongWoo
Published: May 2020

Background: The antibiotics generally used in farm animals are rapidly losing their effectiveness all over the world as bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. Like some other pathogenic bacteria multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are also frequently found in animals and humans which poses a major public health concern. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. Thus, this study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics against S. Typhimurium by combining them with opportunistic phenolic compounds gallic acid (GA), epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin. Fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI) of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against S. Typhimurium were determined. Based on the FICI and clinical importance, 1 combination (GA and ceftiofur) was selected for evaluating its effects on the virulence factors of this bacterium. Viability of Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell in presence of this antibacterial combination was evaluated.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of GA, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin found against different strains of S. Typhimurium were 256, (512–1024), and (512–1024) μg/mL, respectively. Synergistic antibacterial effect was obtained from the combination of erythromycin-epicatechin gallate (FICI: 0.50) against S. Typhimurium. Moreover, additive effects (FICI: 0.502–0.750) were obtained from 16 combinations against this bacterium. The time-kill assay and ultrastructural morphology showed that GA-ceftiofur combination more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium compared to individual antimicrobials. Biofilm viability, and swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in presence of GA-ceftiofur combination were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. Viabilities of IEC-6 cells were more significantly enhanced by GA-ceftiofur combinations than these antibacterials alone.Conclusions: This study suggests that GA-ceftiofur combination can be potential medication to treat S. Typhimurium-associated diarrhea and prevent S. Typhimurium-associated blood-stream infections (e.g.: fever) in farm animals, and ultimately its transmission from animal to human. Further in vivo study to confirm these effects and safety profiles in farm animal should be undertaken for establishing these combinations as medications.
Temporal and spatial trends of ischemic heart disease burden in Chinese and subgroup populations from 1990 to 2016 : data from the 2016 global burden of disease study
Authors: Wang Chenran , Wang Chunping , Liu Mi , Chen Zhe , Liu Shiwei
Published: May 2020

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of premature death which poses public health challenges worldwide. This study was to analyze how the IHD burden among Chinese and subgroup populations changes in response to temporal and spatial trends from 1990–2016. Methods : Based on data from the updated estimates in the 2016 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we used years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to describe the IHD burden. The percentage changes were applied to illustrate temporal and spatial variations of the IHD burden stratified by age, sex, and province, over the periods 1990–2016, 1990–2005, and 2005–2016. We estimate population-attributable fraction (PAF) for 24 modifiable risk factors at the provincial level. Results: YLD rates, YLL rates, and DALY rates for IHD underwent a notable increase among all age groups and increased by 119.4%, 83.3%, and 84.5% nationally from 1990–2016. In YLD rates, an evident rise was seen in females compared to males, while males experienced a more substantial increase than that in females in YLL rates and DALY rates from 1990–2016. Compared with 1990–2005, annual average changes in overall population in YLL rates and DALY rates showed a tardier increase whereas an opposite increasing trend of YLD rates was observed between 2005 and 2016. Geographically, all provinces saw declines in the YLLs/YLDs ratio from 2005–2016, with seventeen of thirty-three provinces showing an upward trend between 1990 and 2005. Most provinces witnessed a remarkable upsurge in the age-standardised DALY rate from 1990–2016 whereas the economically advantaged region Macao saw the most marked reduction. High systolic blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol remained the two leading risk factors of IHD in all provinces in 2016. Diet high in sodium was the leading behavioral risks in twenty-eight provinces with smoking heading the list in five provinces. Conclusions: Substantial disparities in temporal and spatial trends of the IHD burden emphasize concerns for elderly men and those in economically disadvantaged regions with resource constraints. Regional differences in the IHD burden can be partly explained by modifiable risk factors.
Management of intraoperative acetabular fracture in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Li Juncheng , Ji Quanbo , Ni Ming , Zheng Qingyuan , Sun Jinyang , zhang guoqiang
Published: May 2020

Background: Intraoperative acetabular fracture（IAF）is a rare complication of primary total hip arthroplasty（THA）. The previous reports have lacked a sufficiently large number of subjects to allow for an analysis of the causes and appropriate treatment of this problem.Methods: Between 2015 to 2018, 4,888 primary THA were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed the records in our Total Joint Registry Database and found that 24 patients (24 hips) had sustained intraoperative acetabular fractures. Twenty-four patients（16 females and 8males）were all treated with a posterolateral approach using uncemented components. Twenty patients（83.3%）underwent supplemental screw fixation, of which 2 patients were treated with steel plate fixation. Two patients’ femoral heads were used as a graft. In 4 patients（16.7%）, the acetabular components were judged to be stable despite the fracture and no additional treatment was performed. All patients were evaluated clinically with Harris Hip Scores (HHS) and radiographically with serial X-rays which follow up for a mean period of 34.0±12.6 months. We evaluated the anatomic locations, causes, treatments, and outcome of the fractures to study the treatment method and effect of intraoperative acetabular fracture during operation. Results: The fracture rate associated with uncemented components was 0.49%. In 17(70.8%) of these patients, the fracture was noted during the impaction of the real acetabular component. Six patients（25%）with Ankylosing Spondylitis had fractures, 4 in the anterior wall, and 1 in the anterior column, because the patient with hip joint fusion needs a to pre-osteotomy before the dislocation. The HHS score increased from 30.8±9.7 preoperatively to 90.2±4.2 postoperatively. All the latest x-ray showed that the fracture did not move, and there is no translucent line formed in the acetabular cup bone interface.Conclusion: Intraoperative acetabular fractures are rare complications of THA, and most commonly occur during the implantation of the acetabular components. It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of fractures as much as possible even if the fractures are found during the operation. It should be noted that patients with ankylosing spondylitis involving hip joints during THA surgery must be careful to prevent IAFs during dislocation and pre-osteotomy.
Long non-coding RNA FAM83H-AS1 acts as an oncogenic driver in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Yuan Xiaolei , Huang Ying , Guo Man , Hu Xiaowei , Li Peiling
Published: May 2020

Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most aggressive women cancers with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could as major players in OC process. Although FAM83H antisense RNA1 (FAM83H-AS1) is demonstrated play an important roles in a many cancers, the detailed function and mechanism has not been reported in OC. Methods We integrated multiple kinds of bioinformatics approaches and experiments validated method to evaluate functions of FAM83H-AS1 in OC. Results Some differential expressed lncRNAs were identified between OC and normal control tissues. FAM83H-AS1 was one of most differentially expressed lncRNAs and up-regulated in multiple cancer types. Specially, expression of FAM83H-AS1 was higher in OC and showed difference in diverse stages. High FAM83H-AS1 expression is associated with worse pan-cancer and OC outcomes. FAM83H-AS1-centric network including lncRNA-miRNA, lncRNA-protein and lncRNA-mRNA ceRNA network were constructed to infer the function and mechanism of FAM83H-AS1. There were two methylation sites including cg01399317 and cg20519035 located at FAM83H-AS1. The methylation level of cg01399317 was correlated with gene expression of FAM83H-AS1. The expression level of FAM83H-AS1 was correlated with infiltration level of immune cell including macrophage, neutrphil and dendritic cell in OC patients. Lastly, qRT-PCR showed that the expression of FAM83H-AS1 was higher in OC tissues than normal control tissues. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicated that FAM83H-AS1 may act as an oncogenic driver and it may be a potential therapy target in OC.
Providing calves different feed source early in life would not affect feed sorting and rumen fermentation for a long term
Authors: Xiao Jianxin , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Alugongo Gibson Maswayi , Wang Wei , Wang Yajing , Cao Zhijun , Li Shengli
Published: May 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Moral Courage and Psychological Empowerment among Nurses
Authors: Khoshmehr Zahra , Barkhordari-Sharifabad Maasoumeh , Nasiriani Khadijeh , Fallahzadeh Hossein
Published: May 2020

Background: Moral courage is one of the fundamental values of nursing profession and a powerful method of coping with ethical problems. Psychological empowerment is a suitable method of enabling individuals to cope mental pressures of the work environment. This study determined the correlation between moral courage and psychological empowerment of nurses.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 180 nurses employed in different wards were selected randomly. Data were collected by Demographics Questionnaire, Sekerka’s Moral Courage Scale, and Spreitzer’s psychological empowerment Scale and analyzed with SPSS16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results indicated that the mean score of moral courage was 21.11±69.90 and the greatest amount of moral courage was in the dimension of “going beyond compliance”. The mean score of “psychological empowerment” was 30.9±73.58 and the greatest mean belonged to “competence”. There was a positive significant correlation between “psychological empowerment” and “moral courage and its dimensions” (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggested a correlation between moral courage and psychological empowerment. Thus, nurses’ moral courage could be enhanced by reinforcing their psychological empowerment leading to increased patient satisfaction and quality care.
Measuring delay in high-risk obstetric referrals in Accra, Ghana: How long does it really take?
Authors: Owen Medge D. , Batakji Mariam , Goodman David M. , Kim Sung Min , Olufolabi Adeyemi J , Srofen Emmanuel K
Published: May 2020

Background

In Ghana, inefficient referral systems for managing obstetric emergencies is an obstacle to receiving optimal care. The timeliness of referral for comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) from district or sub-district facilities to referral hospitals is unknown. The Greater Accra Regional Hospital (GARH) conducts approximately 8,000 deliveries per year that includes 70% high-risk referrals. Our aim was to characterize referrals for obstetric patients seeking care at the GARH in Accra, Ghana.
Methods

Data was collected on obstetric patients referred to the GARH from September 1 to November 30, 2017. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the following variables: location of referring facility, time from referral to arrival at GARH, mode of transport, referring diagnosis and members accompanying the patient. Data are presented as number, percent or median (IQR).
Results

Data were collected for 652 obstetric patient referrals to the GARH from 123 surrounding facilities. Transportation modes included: taxi (76.4%), ambulance (8.1%), private car (8.0%), public van (5.5%) and unknown (2.0%). Of 652 referrals, 303 (46.5%) were received during labour. The median time (IQR) from referral to arrival at GARH for 280 labouring patients was 307 (170, 1778) minutes. Midwives accompanied patients in only 71 (10.9%) of referrals; however, in these, median (IQR) referral times were 73 (34, 268) minutes. The leading referral indications included: Arrest of labour (26.3%), prior uterine scar (11.6%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (11.5%). There were seven (1%) maternal deaths; four died the day of arrival. For 110 (17%) pregnancies, prolonged hospitalization was required for complications. There were 32 stillbirths (5%), including six intrapartum deaths.
Conclusions

The obstetric referral process for CEmOC is suboptimal. Most intrapartum referrals relied on public transport to reach the CEmOC facility and were unaccompanied by healthcare personnel. There is significant delay in the referral process, even in an urban setting. Delay may contribute to poor maternal and newborn outcomes.