bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRMT5-mediated methylation of STAT3 is required for lung cancer stem cell maintenance and tumour growth
Authors: Abe Yoshinori , Sano Takumi , Otsuka Naoki , Ogawa Masashi , Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: May 2024

STAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancer types, including lung cancer, and can induce cancer cell proliferation and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. STAT3 is activated by tyrosine kinases, such as JAK and SRC, but the mechanism by which STAT3 maintains its activated state in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we show that PRMT5 directly methylates STAT3 and enhances its activated tyrosine phosphorylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PRMT5 expression is also induced by STAT3, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop in cancer cells. Furthermore, methylation of STAT3 at arginine 609 by PRMT5 is important for its transcriptional activity and support of tumour growth and CSC maintenance. Indeed, NSCLC cells expressing the STAT3 mutant which R609 was replaced to alanine (R609K) show significantly impaired tumour growth in nude mice. Overall, our study reveals a mechanism by which STAT3 remains activated in NSCLC and provides a new target for cancer therapeutic approaches.
Bursting of condensates
Authors: Tunn Isabell , Beaune Grégory , Tersteegen Jennifer , Välisalmi Teemu , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Brochard-Wyart Françoise , Linder Markus B.
Published: May 2024

Numerous biomolecular shell-forming condensates are reported in cells and bioengineered in vitro. The relationship between the molecular structure of shell-forming condensates and their biophysical properties remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we characterize shell-forming condensates of bioengineered spider silk proteins based on Araneus diadematus major ampulla gland silk fibroin 3 (ADF3) using micropipette aspiration. We observe that condensates can burst during aspiration like soap bubbles or polymersomes, demonstrating the formation of a dense protein layer (shell) at the condensate interface. The tendency to burst is more pronounced for condensates formed from proteins with weakly dimerizing terminal blocks. We develop a model to analyse the aspiration and bursting of the condensates, to obtain the surface and bulk viscosity, and to estimate the shell thickness and viscosity. Understanding and controlling the bursting of condensates will open avenues for their use in materials, as compartments for reactions or drug delivery systems.
High-throughput and data-driven machine learning techniques for discovering high-entropy alloys
Authors: Zhichao Lu , Dong Ma , Xiongjun Liu , Lu Zhaoping
Published: May 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention in recent decades due to their unique chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. An in-depth understanding of the structure–property relationship in HEAs is the key to the discovery and design of new compositions with desirable properties. Related to this, materials genome strategy has been increasingly used for discovering new HEAs with better performance. This review paper provides an overview of key advances in this fast-growing area, along with current challenges and potential opportunities for HEAs. We also discuss related topics, such as high-throughput preparation, characterization, and computation of HEAs, and data-driven machine learning for accelerating alloy development. Finally, future research directions and perspectives for the materials genome-assisted design of HEAs are proposed and discussed.
A likely role for stratification in long-term changes of the global ocean tides
Authors: Opel Lana , Schindelegger Michael , Ray Richard D.
Published: May 2024

Stratification—that is, the vertical change in seawater density—exerts a subtle control on the energetics and thus the surface elevation of barotropic (depth independent) flows in the ocean. Changes in stratification therefore provide a plausible pathway to explain some of the puzzling trends in ocean tides evident in tide gauge and, more recently, satellite altimetry data. Using a three-dimensional global ocean model, we estimate that strengthening of stratification between 1993 and 2020 caused open-ocean trends of order 0.1 mm yr−1 in the barotropic M2 tide, similar in structure and magnitude to long-term M2 changes deduced from satellite altimetry. Amplitude trends are predominantly negative, implying enhanced energy transfer to internal tides since the 1990s. Effects of stratification are also a relevant forcing of contemporary M2 trends at the coast, where they may modulate or even overprint the tidal response to sea level rise. Salient examples for such significant near-shore influence of stratification (≥ 95% confidence) include the Northwest Australian Shelf ( − 0.5 mm yr−1) and the coasts of western North America ( − 0.1 mm yr−1), commensurate with observed M2 amplitude trends at tide gauges.
Land use intensification causes the spatial contraction of woody-plant based ecosystem services in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Duguma Dula W. , Law Elizabeth , Shumi Girma , Schultner Jannik , Abson David J. , Fischer Joern
Published: May 2024

Integrating biodiversity conservation and food production is vital, particularly in the tropics where many landscapes are highly biodiverse, and where people directly depend on local ecosystems services that are linked to woody vegetation. Thus, it is important to understand how woody vegetation and the benefits associated with it could change under different land-use scenarios. Using a comprehensive, interdisciplinary study in southwestern Ethiopia, we modeled current and future availability of woody plant-based ecosystem services under four scenarios of landscape change. Land-use scenarios with intensified food or cash crop cultivation would lead to the contraction of woody-plant based ecosystem services from farmland to forest patches, increasing pressure on remaining forest patches. This raises questions about the viability of conventional intensification combined with land sparing—where conservation and production are separated—as a viable strategy for conservation in tropical landscapes where woody-plant based ecosystem services are vital to the lives of local communities.
A domain knowledge-based interpretable deep learning system for improving clinical breast ultrasound diagnosis
Authors: Yan Lin , Liang Zhiying , Zhang Hao , Zhang Gaosong , Zheng Weiwei , Han Chunguang , Yu Dongsheng , Zhang Hanqi , Xie Xinxin , Liu Chang , Zhang Wenxin , Zheng Hui , Pei Jing , Shen Dinggang , Qian Xuejun
Published: May 2024

Background

Though deep learning has consistently demonstrated advantages in the automatic interpretation of breast ultrasound images, its black-box nature hinders potential interactions with radiologists, posing obstacles for clinical deployment.

Methods

We proposed a domain knowledge-based interpretable deep learning system for improving breast cancer risk prediction via paired multimodal ultrasound images. The deep learning system was developed on 4320 multimodal breast ultrasound images of 1440 biopsy-confirmed lesions from 1348 prospectively enrolled patients across two hospitals between August 2019 and December 2022. The lesions were allocated to 70% training cohort, 10% validation cohort, and 20% test cohort based on case recruitment date.

Results

Here, we show that the interpretable deep learning system can predict breast cancer risk as accurately as experienced radiologists, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.902 (95% confidence interval = 0.882 – 0.921), sensitivity of 75.2%, and specificity of 91.8% on the test cohort. With the aid of the deep learning system, particularly its inherent explainable features, junior radiologists tend to achieve better clinical outcomes, while senior radiologists experience increased confidence levels. Multimodal ultrasound images augmented with domain knowledge-based reasoning cues enable an effective human-machine collaboration at a high level of prediction performance.

Conclusions

Such a clinically applicable deep learning system may be incorporated into future breast cancer screening and support assisted or second-read workflows.
Inorganic Chemistry Within Nanoreactors
Authors: Muñoz-Espí Rafael , Adam-Cervera Inés , Landfester Katharina
Published: May 2024

The confined spaces provided by colloidal systems, in particular by droplets in emulsions, can be considered as ‘nanoreactors’ in which chemical reactions can be carried out. In this chapter, we cover the possibilities offered by microemulsions and miniemulsions to synthesise inorganic nanostructures, including silica, metals, metal oxides and hydroxides, metal chalcogenides, and more complex inorganic systems. We review specific concepts of colloidal science related to the confinement within droplets and different related synthetic strategies. The formation of the intended inorganic compound can take place either within the nanodroplets, leading to nanoparticles, or at the curved liquid–liquid interface, leading to nanocapsules and hollow structures.
The Role of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Water in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Current State of the Art, Further Perspectives and Needs
Authors: Türk M. , Schüßler Ch. , Hohm M. , Crone M.
Published: May 2024

Design, development and synthesis of nanostructured materials, such as supported metal nanoparticles (NPs), are of particular interest for both scientific and industrial communities. NPs are characterised by unique properties, such as high specific surface area, leading to an enhanced energetic state and thus a higher reactivity. At this scale, optical, magnetic and electrical properties are dramatically sensitive to particle size and shape. A promising alternative to classical particle preparation methods is the application of supercritical fluids (SCFs) to design nanostructured materials. Particle formation processes are one of the most important areas of application of SCFs, such as supercritical (sc)CO2 or scH2O. In this chapter, a short introduction into the supercritical fluid reactive deposition (SFRD) and the continuous hydrothermal synthesis (CHTS) technologies and their underlying basic processes is given. Based on this, typical results obtained from SFRD and CHTS experiments are presented and discussed. At the end of the chapter, the main conclusions and further perspectives are summarised. Based on a critical analysis and evaluation of the current status, the focus is on discussion of recent research results, as well as on critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the different preparation methods. Thereafter, selected examples for successful applications of NPs prepared by these particle synthesis processes are given. Finally, a brief overview of future work is provided.
Highly Efficient Rapid Preparation of Inorganic Nanostructured Materials by Microwave Heating
Authors: Chen Fei-Fei , Zhu Ying-Jie
Published: May 2024

In recent years, microwave-assisted rapid preparation of inorganic nanostructured materials has attracted much attention due to the incredible increase in reaction rates, high efficiency, and energy saving achieved. The microwave-assisted reaction time can be significantly shortened compared with conventional heating methods. In addition, the effects of microwave irradiation on crystal nucleation and growth, structure, size, morphology, and product yield are also very appealing research topics. In this chapter, we will provide a brief background on microwave chemistry, followed by a detailed discussion of the microwave heating mechanism and microwave effects, for the use of microwave heating to promote the formation and crystallisation of inorganic nanostructured materials. Then, we will outline the unique features of microwave-assisted synthesis and processing. The role of the synthetic parameters will be emphasised and the influences of these experimental parameters on final products will be described. In addition, the apparatus for microwave reactions will be described. Importantly, comparisons between microwave heating and conventional heating will be critically discussed. The major part of this chapter will focus on reviewing the state-of-the-art inorganic nanostructures that are prepared with the help of microwave irradiation. Finally, the challenges and future research directions for microwave-assisted preparation of inorganic nanostructured materials will be outlined.
Further Sustainable and/or Unconventional Low-temperature Wet-chemical Synthetic Methods
Authors: Barbon F. , Tajoli F. , Spolaore F. , Gross S.
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on a series of further sustainable and/or unconventional wet-chemical methods to prepare single metal, alloys, oxides, chalcogenides and other inorganic compounds in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) at low temperature (<200 °C). In particular, the aim of the chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of further methods not specifically addressed by other chapters of the book, such as hydrothermal, polyol-assisted, continuous-flow and sonochemical methods, as well as radiochemistry and laser ablation in liquid media. A theoretical background of each method, a description of the synthetic procedure and a discussion of the synthetic parameters involved, and their influence on the final features of the products, are given, with the pros and cons of the presented synthetic approaches also outlined. In addition, a description of the state-of-the-art of the compounds obtainable through each approach is presented.
Toxicity of the mixture of nanoparticles to algae–bacteria consortia in OECD media
Authors: Rana Samridhi , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2024

Toxicity trend of 0.1 mg L−1 NPs in consortia: CuO > ZnO > CuO + ZnO. At 0.1 mg L−1, NP toxic effect was antagonistic and resulted in a higher decrease in bacterial count than algal count. Growth of consortia in a mixture of NPs up to 0.1 mg L−1 is possible.
Selectively “size-excluding” water molecules to enable a highly reversible zinc metal anode
Authors: Shen Xiaowei , Chen Wanhao , Wang Haocong , Zhang Lifang , Hao Baojiu , Zhu Changhao , Yang Xiuzhen , Sun Meizhu , Zhou Jinqiu , Liu Xuejun , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao
Published: May 2024

A metal soap interface with an adjusted channel size between 1.48 Å (size of Zn2+) and 4.0 Å (size of a water molecule) is proposed to selectively shield against the ingress of water molecules while permitting the unimpeded movement of Zn2+.
Artificial keloid skin models: understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and application in therapeutic studies
Authors: Kwon Soo hyun , Lee Jongmin , Yoo Jin , Jung Youngmee
Published: May 2024

Keloid is a type of scar formed by the overexpression of extracellular matrix substances from fibroblasts following inflammation after trauma.
A minimal RNA substrate with dual fluorescent probes enables rapid kinetics and provides insight into bacterial RNase P active site interactions
Authors: Huang Tong , Chamberlain Alexandra , Zhu Jiaqiang , Harris Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Bacterial ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a tRNA processing endonuclease that occurs primarily as a ribonucleoprotein with a catalytic RNA subunit (P RNA).
Hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in crystals of chalcogenadiazolecarboxylic acids – competition or cooperation?
Authors: Alfuth Jan , Czapik Agnieszka , Zadykowicz Beata , Olszewska Teresa
Published: May 2024

Experimental and theoretical data on the cooperation of hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in chalcogenadiazolecarboxylic acids is presented.
Tuning the interface of Ru/TiO2 with P for enhancing the hydrodeoxygenation of m-cresol
Authors: Ren Wenqiang , Tian Jiamin , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Minghui
Published: May 2024

TiO2 modified with P was used as a support to improve the selectivity and stability of the catalyst.
A computational investigation of eumelanin–drug binding in aqueous solutions
Authors: Soltani Sepideh , Roy Anupom , Urtti Arto , Karttunen Mikko
Published: May 2024

Melanin is a widely found natural pigment serving multiple physiological functions and having numerous applications in industries and pharmaceuticals.
Current and promising applications of MOF composites in the healing of diabetes wounds
Authors: Deng Li-Er , Qiu Yuzhi , Zeng Yana , Zou Jiafeng , Kumar Abhinav , Pan Ying , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza , Liu Jianqiang , Liu Xingyan
Published: May 2024

This perspective reviews recent advances in factors affecting diabetic wound healing in patients, the limitations of traditional approaches and the application of MOF materials in diabetic wound healing.
Analytical developments in the synergism of copper particles and cysteine: a review
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Ganguly Mainak , Doi Ankita
Published: May 2024

Cysteine capped copper particles for versatile applications.
Nanomaterials for gas sensing and delivery
Authors: Zhang Run , Zeng Songjun , Chandrawati Rona
Published: May 2024

Run Zhang, Songjun Zeng, and Rona Chandrawati introduce the Nanoscale Advances themed issue ‘Nanomaterials for gas sensing and delivery’.
Pentagonal nanowires from topological crystalline insulators: a platform for intrinsic core–shell nanowires and higher-order topology
Authors: Hussain Ghulam , Cuono Giuseppe , Dziawa Piotr , Janaszko Dorota , Sadowski Janusz , Kret Slawomir , Kurowska Bogusława , Polaczyński Jakub , Warda Kinga , Sattar Shahid , Canali Carlo M. , Lau Alexander , Brzezicki Wojciech , Story Tomasz , Autieri Carmine
Published: May 2024

(a) Scanning transmission electron microscopy image of a pentagonal nanowire; the inset shows the disclination and core chain (CC). The red bands from the core connect the valence and conduction bands for (b) cation and (c) anion twin-boundaries.
Impact of excitation pulse width on the upconversion luminescence lifetime of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles
Authors: Casillas-Rubio Alejandro , Mendez-Gonzalez Diego , Laurenti Marco , Rubio-Retama Jorge , Calderón Oscar G. , Melle Sonia
Published: May 2024

We have investigated the impact of the excitation pulse duration on the temporal dynamics of the upconversion luminescence in NaYF4:Yb0.2,Er0.02 nanoparticles.
Strain-mediated multistate skyrmion for neuron devices
Authors: Shi Shengbin , Zhao Yunhong , Sun Jiajun , Yu Guoliang , Zhou Haomiao , Wang Jie
Published: May 2024

A novel way to realized the energy-feeicient and high-density neuromorphic computing: Our work proposed a compact IF spiking neuron device by controlling the modalities of skyrmion using voltage-induced strain in multilayer heterostructure.
Self-healing and mechanically robust poly(thiourea-disulfide) elastomers based on three types of synergistic dynamic bonding
Authors: Chen Kai , Xie Haiming , Liu Jun
Published: May 2024

The synergistic effects of three types of dynamic bonding endow poly(thiourea-disulfide) elastomers with desirable self-healing capabilities and mechanical properties at ambient temperatures.
Anti-Kasha's rule in phenothiazine derivatives and metal–organic frameworks: mechanism investigation and application in hypochlorite detection
Authors: Wu Tingting , Lei Mingyuan , Ge Fayuan , Liu Yang , Xia Minqi , Yang Lijun , Zheng Hegen
Published: May 2024

Two phenothiazine derivatives and a Cd-MOF (Cd-PTZ-db) were synthesised and investigated for their anti-Kasha’s rule emissions in solid state. Cd-PTZ-db can be further applied for the detection of ClO− (hypochlorite).
Steady Cu+ species via magnesium and boron co-modification for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Yang Hua , Mu Xuefan , Guan Jiexin , Ouyang Bo , Li Huaming , Deng Yilin
Published: May 2024

In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that Mg and B synergistically stabilize Cu+ across a wide potential range on a Cu-based catalyst, facilitating the conversion of CO2 to C2+ products.
Calix[6]arene-functionalized titanium-oxo clusters for photocatalytic cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides
Authors: Hou Jinle , Liu Yuxin , Huang Nahui , Azam Mohammad , Huang Chen , Wang Zhi , Huang Xianqiang , Qu Konggang , Sun Di
Published: May 2024

We synthesized the largest calixarene-stabilized titanium-oxo clusters reported to date, Ti28-TBC6A. It exhibits excellent photoelectronic performance and superior photocatalytic activity for CO2 fixation.
Control and surveillance of redox potential for 233Pa dissolution in 2LiF–BeF2 molten salt
Authors: Zhao Zhongqi , Geng Junxia , Cheng Zhiqiang , Li Wenxin , Dou Qiang , Zhang Lan , Li Qingnuan
Published: May 2024

233Pa, the precursor nuclide of 233U in the thorium–uranium conversion is prone to reductive deposition in 2LiF–BeF2 (66 : 34 mol%, FLiBe) molten salt.
Ethynyl-substituted benzosiloxaboroles: the role of C(π)⋯B interactions in their crystal packing and use in Cu(i)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
Authors: Pacholak P. , Durka K. , Woźniak K. , Krajewska J. , Laudy A. E. , Luliński S.
Published: May 2024

Ethynyl-substituted benzosiloxaboroles feature distinctive C(π)⋯B interactions in the crystalline state and are useful in Cu(i)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
Intelligent chemometric modelling of Al2O3 supported mixed metal oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane using simple features
Authors: Lawal Ridhwan , Alasiri Hassan , Aitani Abdullah , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Tanimu Gazali
Published: May 2024

Workflow of the step by step procedure in developing supervised machine learning models for predicting the performance of oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts using simple features.
Efficient cytosolic delivery of luminescent lanthanide bioprobes in live cells for two-photon microscopy
Authors: Malikidogo Kyangwi P. , Charnay Thibault , Ndiaye Daouda , Choi Ji-Hyung , Bridou Lucile , Chartier Baptiste , Erbek Sule , Micouin Guillaume , Banyasz Akos , Maury Olivier , Martel-Frachet Véronique , Grichine Alexei , Sénèque Olivier
Published: May 2024

We report a family of luminescent lanthanide bioprobes featuring a two-photon absorbing antenna and a dimer of the TAT cell penetrating peptides. They penetrate live cells efficiently and allow two-photon microscopy with commercial microscopes.
Antibody fluorescein-doped silica nanobioconjugates for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen
Authors: Msutu Tumelo , Adeniyi Omotayo , Mashazi Philani
Published: May 2024

Fluorescein-doped silica nanoparticles were bioconjugated with anti-prostate-specific antigen polyclonal antibodies for fluorescence immunoassay and the detection of prostate-specific antigen in fg mL−1 detection limits.
Increasing Mo5+ in M-doped La2(MoO4)3 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) toward efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Hu Liangqing , Guo Yanming , Chang Jin , Lu Yinpeng , Su Xiaojiang , Zhang Xinyi , Geng Di , Ren Yueming , Wei Tong , Zhang Hexin , Feng Jing
Published: May 2024

The scheme of M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped-La2(MoO4)3 are performed NRR.
Hierarchically coated halide layers: enhancing the performance at composite cathode interfaces in solid-state Li–metal batteries
Authors: Jung Jee Yun , Jeong Hyeseong , Kim Young Jung , Cho Sung Man , Jang Yongjun , Kim Hyoungchul
Published: May 2024

A hierarchically coated halide interface of composite cathodes in all-solid-state batteries improves material compatibility and electrochemical performance.
Looking back, moving forward: protein corona of lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Gao Yue , Huang Yeqi , Ren Chuanyu , Chou Peiwen , Wu Chuanbin , Pan Xin , Quan Guilan , Huang Zhengwei
Published: May 2024

Intelligent delivery of lipid nanoparticles can be achieved through rational design of protein corona as a “troublemaker”.
Cu2−xS homojunction coatings empower titanium implants with near-infrared-triggered antibacterial and antifouling properties
Authors: Wang Fengqian , Peng Weicong , Huo Dongliang , Zhang Jingxian , Deng Suiping , Huang Langhuan , Tan Shaozao
Published: May 2024

A light-activated homojunction coating was deposited on the surface of titanium implants to construct a near-infrared responsive antibacterial and anti-adhesion surface (Ti-PEG-Cu2−xS).
A review on the transition from conventional to bipolar designs of anode-less all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Singh Kushal , Narayanan Krishnamurthy
Published: May 2024

The review article discusses the transition from conventional battery to next-generation bipolar designs of anode-less all-solid-state batteries. The key elements, components and related technologies involved are discussed.
A novel measurement‐protection‐integrated current transformer based on hybrid core and magnetic field sensor
Authors: Zhang Zhexuan , Chen Baichao , Tian Cuihua , Chen Yaojun , Wang Yu
Published: May 2024

Current transformers (CTs) are widely used for energy metering, relay protection, condition monitoring and control circuits. However, CT saturation may lead to non‐negligible measurement errors and relay malfunctions, posing a threat to the stability and security of the power grid. In order to address the problem of CT saturation, a novel measurement‐protection‐integrated current transformer (MPICT) is proposed. First, the working states of the MPICT are summarised and the approximate expressions for the steady‐state measuring characteristics, the transient response characteristics, and the measurement errors are derived from the equivalent circuit model. Then, the feasibility of the MPICT and the theoretical analyses are verified by the 3D FEM simulation imitating the presented MPICT excited by diverse currents. Finally, a down‐scale prototype is fabricated and a series of tests are conducted in the laboratory to validate the effectiveness of the equipment. The simulation and experimental results suggest that the output of the MPICT can accurately reconstruct the primary current waveform, even if the primary current contains decaying or constant DC component.
Influence of chemical composition and discontinuities on energy transformation and rock mass behaviour: Insights into geological dynamic
Authors: Abbas Naeem , Li Kegang , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Gebrehiwot Zemicael , Ikeda Hajime , Ali Mujahid , Toriya Hisatoshi , Adachi Tsuyoshi , Kawamura Youhei
Published: May 2024

In this study, efforts were made to incorporate the influence of discontinuities and failure modes of rock into the classification of rock masses. The past tectonic activities may create microfractures in the rock body therefore the failure moods have been determined carefully under uniaxial compression. The results of the discontinuity analysis, conducted through kinematic study, highlighted the significant impact of wedge failure on the failure of the rock mass. In correlating the geological strength index with rock mass rating, it was observed that joint volume played a negative role, whereas compressive strength played a positive role. These correlations are particularly applicable for a certain rock type, as the compressive strength is inherently dependent on the type of rock. The analysis of failure modes under uniaxial compression reveals that the dissipation energy coefficient initially undergoes rapid increase before reaching its minimum value at the failure stage. The microstructures of the rock effect significantly the elastic and dissipation energy characteristics. Specifically, the axial splitting failure mode emerges as predominant. Given the area's past tectonic activity, these results emphasize the impact of microfractures within the rock body. Relating the failure criteria with the chemical composition of rock types reveals that rocks abundant in SiO2, such as gabbronorite, tend to exhibit brittle failure. Additionally, a dominance of Al2O3 over Fe2O3 suggests a predisposition towards brittle failure, while an increased ratio of CaO to MgO implies increased susceptibility to compression.
Discovery of the Goat Horn complex: a ∼1000 deg2 diffuse X-ray source connected to radio loop XII
Authors: Locatelli Nicola , Ponti Gabriele , Merloni Andrea , Zheng Xueying , Dennerl Konrad , Haberl Frank , Maitra Chandreyee , Sanders Jeremy , Sasaki Manami , Zhang Heshou
Published: May 2024

A dozen patches of polarized radio emission spanning tens of degrees in the form of coherent and stationary arcs and loops are observed at radio frequencies across the sky. Their origin is usually associated with nearby shocks, possibly arising from nearby supernova explosions. The origin of radio loop XII remains unknown. We report an anticorrelation of the radio-polarized emission of loop XII with a large patch of soft X-ray emission found with SRG/eROSITA in excess of the background surface brightness in the same region. This seemingly coherent patch of soft X-ray emission, which we call the Goat Horn complex, extends over a remarkable area of ∼1000 deg2 and includes an arc-shaped enhancement that might trace a cold front. An anticorrelation of the X-ray intensity with the temperature of the plasma that causes the X-ray emission is also observed. The X-ray bright arc seems to anticipate radio loop XII by some degrees on the sky. This behavior can be recast in terms of a correlation between X-ray surface brightness and radio depolarization. We explore and discuss different possible scenarios for the source of the diffuse emission in the Goat Horn complex: a large supernova remnant, an outflow from active star-forming regions in nearby Galactic spiral arms, and a hot atmosphere around the Large Magellanic Cloud. In order to probe these scenarios further, a more detailed characterization of the velocity of the hot gas is required.
High-precision spectral inversions: Determining what is important for the accurate definition of incident radiation boundary conditions
Authors: Gunár S. , Heinzel P.
Published: May 2024

Context. Spectral inversions are used to analyse spectroscopic observations with the aim of deriving the physical properties of the observed plasma, such as the kinetic temperature, density, pressure, degree of ionisation, or macroscopic velocities. One of the key factors ensuring the high precision of the derived plasma properties is having accurately defined input parameters of the models on which spectral inversions rely. The illumination, which chromospheric and coronal structures receive from the solar surface (and corona), is one of the most crucial input parameters of these models.

Aims. We do not perform spectral inversions in this work. Our aim is to study two important factors that contribute to the accurate definition of the incident radiation boundary conditions: the altitude above the solar surface and the dynamics of the illuminated plasma. This investigation takes into account a diverse range of solar structures from the high-rising eruptive prominences to low-lying spicules.

Methods. To study the influence of the altitude and dynamics of the observed plasma on the incident radiation boundary conditions, we used geometrical principles valid for any spectral line. However, to demonstrate the strong impact of dynamics, we considered the specific case of narrow spectral lines of Mg II H&K, which are highly sensitive to the presence of velocities.

Results. We argue that the altitude of the illuminated plasma strongly influences the way we need to define the incident radiation boundary conditions to achieve the most accurate results. For low-lying structures, generally below 50 000 km, the incident radiation may need to be specified directly from the composition of the portion of the solar disc that illuminates them. For high-altitude structures, generally above 300 000 km, the fraction of the solar disc illuminating the analysed plasma is large enough to be realistically approximated by the composition of the entire disc. We also show that for the narrow spectral lines, such as the Mg II H&K lines, the impact of dynamics on the incident radiation intensity and profile shapes starts from radial velocities of 30 km s−1. Such velocities are even exhibited by the fine structures of quiescent prominences and are easily exceeded in spicules or eruptive prominences.

Conclusions. The two aspects of the incident radiation definition studied here are relevant for spectral inversions based on any kind of modelling approach. However, their impact on the precision of the results of spectral inversions is likely less significant than the impact of the choice of the complexity of the model geometry, for example.
Using autoencoders and deep transfer learning to determine the stellar parameters of 286 CARMENES M dwarfs
Authors: Mas-Buitrago P. , González-Marcos A. , Solano E. , Passegger V. M. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Ordieres-Meré J. , Bello-García A. , Caballero J. A. , Schweitzer A. , Tabernero H. M. , Montes D. , Cifuentes C.
Published: May 2024

Context. Deep learning (DL) techniques are a promising approach among the set of methods used in the ever-challenging determination of stellar parameters in M dwarfs. In this context, transfer learning could play an important role in mitigating uncertainties in the results due to the synthetic gap (i.e. difference in feature distributions between observed and synthetic data).

Aims. We propose a feature-based deep transfer learning (DTL) approach based on autoencoders to determine stellar parameters from high-resolution spectra. Using this methodology, we provide new estimations for the effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and projected rotational velocity for 286 M dwarfs observed by the CARMENES survey.

Methods. Using autoencoder architectures, we projected synthetic PHOENIX-ACES spectra and observed CARMENES spectra onto a new feature space of lower dimensionality in which the differences between the two domains are reduced. We used this low-dimensional new feature space as input for a convolutional neural network to obtain the stellar parameter determinations.

Results. We performed an extensive analysis of our estimated stellar parameters, ranging from 3050 to 4300 K, 4.7 to 5.1 dex, and −0.53 to 0.25 dex for Teff, log 𝑔, and [Fe/H], respectively. Our results are broadly consistent with those of recent studies using CARMENES data, with a systematic deviation in our Teff scale towards hotter values for estimations above 3750 K. Furthermore, our methodology mitigates the deviations in metallicity found in previous DL techniques due to the synthetic gap.

Conclusions. We consolidated a DTL-based methodology to determine stellar parameters in M dwarfs from synthetic spectra, with no need for high-quality measurements involved in the knowledge transfer. These results suggest the great potential of DTL to mitigate the differences in feature distributions between the observations and the PHOENIX-ACES spectra.
Study of the heating temperature of film and glass transparent fences of solar installations
Authors: Rasakhodzhaev Bakhramzhan , Klychev Shavkat , Mingzhi Zhao , Liu Yingjie , Dilishatov Oskonboy , Adylov Chynybek
Published: May 2024

A non-stationary thermal model for determining the temperature and humidity conditions in a greenhouse is considered, based on the method of elementary balances. The accuracy of the method was assessed based on the heating temperatures of film and glass transparent fences of the greenhouse. Research was carried out on changes in temperature and humidity in a greenhouse during the day.
From the experience of utilization of sewage heat in Hostel
Authors: Mamedova Tawus , Bayramov Arslan , Gurdov Kadyr , Gylychmyradov Muhammetmyrat
Published: May 2024

This research paper explores the feasibility of utilizing heat from sewage effluent to heat the drying room in student hostel No. 2 of the State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan. Temperature measurements revealed that sewage water typically ranges around 29.5 °C. While initial measurements indicated that drainage from the washing machine, reaching 36.5 °C, held limited potential for space heating due to low overall thermal capacity, the authors investigated the possibility of reusing this thermal energy. The study found that preheating water in a heat exchanger using the washing machine discharge (36.5 °C) resulted in a reduction of 0.065 kWh of electrical energy consumption over a 60-minute operation.
The use of contemporary software in determining the population density of species of the Colubridae and Psommophiidae families
Authors: Yangiboyev E.Ch. , Mamarakhimov O.M. , Rustamova R.P. , Makhmudova M.M. , Abdurashidov Z.A.
Published: May 2024

This research provides information on using contemporary software for assessing the density of Colubridae and Psammophiidae family representatives in the Kashkadarya region. TPS64until and TPS264Dig softwares were utilized for the mathematical modeling of molted skins of species of these families. Subsequently, the models underwent Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Morpho J, enabling the classification of skin samples into their respective species. Recalculation of species population density was then conducted by aggregating the individuals of each species.
Adoption of mechanization alternatives in oil palm crops in the Colombian Orinoquía natural region
Authors: Zapata-Hernández Arley , Ruiz-Álvarez Elizabeth , Arias Nolver , Mosquera-Montoya Mauricio , Cooman Alexandre
Published: May 2024

The Orinoquía Natural Region in Colombia, particularly the Cumaral and Bajo Upía subzone, serves as the country’s primary palm oil production area. However, it faces with labor shortages and a lack of current mechanization data. This study aims to assess mechanization status to enhance productivity and competitiveness in the oil palm industry. The goal was to determine the mechanization landscape, characterize available technologies, and evaluate their impact on productivity and costs for different types of oil palm producers. Utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire, data was collected from plantation administrators and technical assistants. Analysis focused on identifying mechanization options and assessing machinery adoption, productivity, and costs. Tractors are predominantly used for power, with limited adoption of advanced machinery like grabbers, variable-rate fertilizers, and electrostatic sprayers. Additionally, there’s a notable gap in harvest equipment availability, suggesting a need for further technological development and machinery rental strategies. This study highlights the importance of updated mechanization data and provides insights for decision-makers seeking to improve oil palm productivity and competitiveness in Colombia. By understanding the mechanization landscape, stakeholders can address labor shortages and drive sustainable growth in the oil palm sector.
Hepatozoon spp. in stray cats from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Traversa Donato , Di Cesare Angela , Morelli Simone , Paoletti Barbara , Grillini Marika , di Regalbono Antonio Frangipane , da Silva de Mattos Queiroz Aline , Beugnet Frederic , Brustenga Leonardo , Milillo Piermarino , Antunes Barros Luciano
Published: May 2024

In the last few years, the number of studies on feline hepatozoonosis has increased, but our knowledge on the actual species of Hepatozoon and/or different genotypes affecting felines is still incipient. At least three species, namely Hepatozoon felis, H. canis, and H. silvestris, have been isolated from domestic cats in various countries. Additionally, there are indications that other species and genotypes may affect felines in given geographic areas. This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Hepatozoon spp. in cats from Niterói, a municipality within the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Individual blood samples were collected from 28 cats enrolled in a spaying/castration program. DNA was extracted from all samples and subjected to sequencing specific for Hepatozoon spp. DNA of H. felis was found in 21/28 cats (75%), and four genetic polymorphisms never described thus far were detected. This is the first report of H. felis in cats living in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and the present data confirm that H. felis is a species complex encompassing different genotypes circulating within cat populations. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether different genotypes have different biology or pathogenicity for felids.
Combining inertial navigation with transacetabular ligament in total hip arthroplasty via direct anterior approach results in excellent accuracy compared to standard manual technique
Authors: Maes Vincent , Cossetto David
Published: May 2024

Background: Correct acetabular component placement plays a critical role in reducing early revisions after dislocations in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) guides anteversion, inclination can only be accurately guided by navigation. In order to overcome the initial disadvantages with navigation, an imageless, easy-to-use inertial navigation system has been recently introduced. This study aims to analyze the accuracy of inclination with this navigation system compared to the standard manual technique. Methods: Two cohorts, manual technique (MT) and navigation (NAV) cohorts, consisted of 83 and 95 patients, respectively, after exclusion criteria were applied. Inclination target was 38° and anteversion was guided by TAL. Demographic data were collected, and anteroposterior (AP) pelvic and cross-table lateral radiographs were obtained 6 weeks post-operatively. Inclination and anteversion were determined on the AP pelvic and cross-table lateral radiograph, respectively. Results: A mean inclination of 41.8° (±6.8°) and 38.9° (±4.4°) was found in the MT and NAV cohorts, respectively. There was no statistical difference in gender, age, and BMI. If the inclination was set within 10° of the target (i.e., 38°), 88% of the MT cohort and 97% of the NAV cohort were within the target zone. Accuracy decreased to 53% and 83%, respectively, if the target zone range was narrowed down to ± 5°. Conclusion: Combining inertial imageless navigation for inclination and TAL as a landmark for anteversion is significantly more accurate compared to the manual technique, without having the limitations and disadvantages of current standard navigational techniques.
IT-Angriffe an Kliniken
Authors: Pfenninger Ernst , Königsdorfer Manuel
Published: May 2024

Kliniken gehören per definitionem zur kritischen Infrastruktur eines Landes. Vermehrt sind in den vergangenen Jahren Krankenhäuser Ziel von Hackerangriffen mit der Folge einer wochen- bis sogar monatelangen Beeinträchtigung ihrer Handlungsfähigkeit geworden. Gemäß der „Nationalen Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (KRITIS-Strategie)“ sind Kliniken gesetzlich verpflichtet, dagegen Vorsorge zu treffen. Dazu sollten IT-abhängige Prozesse in einer Klinik evaluiert, definiert und Ausfallkonzepte erarbeitet werden, um auf einen Cyberangriff vorbereitet zu sein. Spezifisch auf einen EDV-Ausfall zugeschnittene Notfallpläne sollten in allen IT-abhängigen Bereichen einer Klinik erstellt und vorgehalten werden. Zudem sollten papierbasierte Ersatzlösungen, wie z. B. Anforderungsbelege für Diagnostik- oder Konsilleistungen, abteilungsspezifische Notfalldokumente und Patientendokumentationskurven an einem gut zugänglichen und den Mitarbeitenden des jeweiligen Bereichs
bekannten Ort vorgehalten werden. Die vollständige Wiederherstellung eines Kliniknetzwerks nach einem Cyberangriff erfordert häufig eine umfassende Wiederherstellung zahlreicher IT-Systeme. Dies kann u. U. Wochen bis Monate dauern. Wenn das Krankenhaus über solide Pläne zur Cyber-Notfallvorsorge verfügt, die regelmäßige Scans und Backups in Echtzeit umfassen, können eine Stabilisierung und ein schnelleres Wiederanlaufen des Betriebs möglich sein.
Die Rechtsfrage: Darf meine Behandlung von Leitlinien abweichen?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: May 2024

Muss ich mich als Therapeut*in innerhalb der fachlichen „Leitplanken“ bewegen oder darf ich gegebenenfalls im Einzelfall auch davon abweichen? Welche Konsequenzen drohen, wenn ich eine nicht leitliniengerechte Therapie durchführe und die Abweichung nicht rechtfertigen kann?

Therapeut aus Niedersachsen
Spannende Verspannungen – Der Mechanismus hinter muskulären Verspannungen
Authors: Haueise Andreas , Le Sant Guillaume , Eisele-Metzger Angelika , Dieterich Angela V.
Published: May 2024

Sind verspannte Muskeln verkürzt oder zu schwach? Steif oder verhärtet? Was genau hinter den häufigen Symptomen steckt, bleibt umstritten. Eine aktuelle Übersichtsarbeit zeigt, wie widersprüchlich die wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema Muskelsteifigkeit und Schmerz steht. Gleichzeitig zeigen einige Studien diverse methodische Mängel.
Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) – Related
Osteoporosis
Authors: Zavatta Guido , Di Dalmazi Guido
Published: May 2024

Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) has thus far been associated with
several comorbidities, among which osteoporosis and fractures appear to be
highly prevalent. Recent guidelines for adrenal incidentalomas have updated the
definition of MACS, currently formulated on serum cortisol after a 1-mg
dexamethasone test above 1.8 µg/dL or 50 nmol/L. Previous studies on bone health
in adrenal incidentalomas had adopted different definitions of MACS, producing
heterogeneous results in terms of fracture prevalence. This review aims to
summarize the clinical impact of MACS in relation to fractures, bone quantity
and quality, by providing a thorough update on MACS-related osteoporosis
(MACS-ROP). This area has a large room for research, and management of this
comorbidity still needs to be elucidated.
The Potential of QP3VH-Chitosan Peptide as Biomimetic Remineralization in Early Dental Caries Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Agusmawanti Prima , Ratih Diatri Nari , Purwanti Nunuk , Raharjo Tri Joko
Published: May 2024

Objectives The development of remineralization biomimetics using organic peptide molecules is expected to resemble the hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization process in tooth enamel. The development of an amelogenin derivative peptide combined with antimicrobial peptide was designed, resulting in QP3VH. This combination then was mixed with chitosan as a carrier. This study aimed to evaluate the biomimetic efficacy of QP3VH as a remineralizing agent combined with chitosan.

Materials and Methods Fifty deciduous mandibular incisor enamel samples were used in this study. The artificial enamel lesions were created on a buccal surface and were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 each according to the remineralizing agent used: QP3VH, NaF, QP3VH + NaF, QP3VH + CS (QP3VH + chitosan), and saline distilled water (SDW). Each group was performed pH cycling for seven days. Enamel surface morphology and evaluation of mineral content Ca/P (calcium and phosphate) using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The assessment was carried out, after demineralization, and after application with remineralization agents.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by least significance difference post-hoc test. The paired t-test was utilized to compare the demineralization and remineralization results. The significance level used was 95%.

Results The remineralized group exhibited a significant increase in calcium and phosphate content on the enamel surface (p <0.05), and QP3VH + CS produced the maximum Ca/P mass percent after remineralization.

Conclusion Combining QP3VH with chitosan produces greatest remineralization than QP3VH, QP3VH + NaF, Naf, and SDW; therefore, QP3VH peptide has potential as a remineralizing agent, in the future
Chapter 3: Setting the Hearing Aid Response and Verifying Signal Processing and Features in the Test Box
Authors: Palmer Catherine , Zitelli Lori
Published: May 2024

The test box can be used for fitting hearing aids (verifying audibility for the individual), for setting and fine-tuning specific signal processing (e.g., directional microphones, noise reduction, frequency lowering, telecoil responses), and for setting the response for specific accessories (e.g., remote microphones). If you have selected these features for your patient, it is important to make sure they are working properly and turned on. In addition, these tests can help you address specific patient complaints. Let us start by using the test box to pre-set a hearing aid and then we will move on to speech tests of signal processing and features.