bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Did you wash your caving suit? Cavers’ role in the potential spread of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of White-Nose Disease
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Zhelyazkova Violeta , Hubancheva Antonia ,   Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Radoslavov Georgi ,   Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Toshkova Nia ,   National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Puechmaille Sebastien ,   University of Montpellier
Published: September 2020

White-Nose Disease (WND) has killed millions of hibernating bats in the US and Canada. Its causative agent, the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans was introduced to North America, but is native to Europe and Asia, where it is not associated with mass mortality. Although it is nearly impossible to eradicate an emerging wildlife disease, research on P. destructans spread mechanisms can aid in prevention of new introductions and development of better environmental management strategies. It is of particular importance to quantify the potential role of people visiting caves (cavers, tourists, bat researchers, etc.) whom inadvertently move P. destructans spores between sites, and to limit spread, particularly to areas where the fungus is absent. In the course of two consecutive field seasons, samples were collected from the equipment before and after work in Bulgarian caves where P. destructans is present. Viable P. destructans spores were isolated from field equipment after nearly 100% of cave visits, irrespective of the season. Results from lab experiments show the pathogen’s spores can remain viable on pieces of contaminated caving equipment under room temperature for at least 25 days, with no significant reduction in germination rates. This is concerning evidence indicating the potential for movement of viable P. destructans spores across countries and continents. Results further demonstrated that any type of regular washing can successfully remove the majority of P. destructans spores from several fabric types. Brushing complemented by washing in a ‘washing machine’ was slightly more effective than brushing alone, while a washing temperature of 50°C was more effective than temperatures of 30 and 40°C. However, none of the methods herein tested fully removed P. destructans and hence they are not a substitute for decontamination. Since many cavers forgo washing equipment after surveys, and bat workers often visit several underground sites per day during monitoring activities without cleaning equipment in between sites, it is essential to raise awareness on this subject and introduce hygienic protocols for the prevention of pathogen pollution in underground sites.
The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040
Authors: Ramacher Martin O. P. , Tang Lin , Moldanová Jana , Matthias Volker , Karl Matthias , Fridell Erik , Johansson Lasse
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Shipping is an important source of air pollutants, from
the global to the local scale. Ships emit substantial amounts of
sulfur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides, and particulate matter in the vicinity
of coasts, threatening the health of the coastal population, especially in
harbour cities. Reductions in emissions due to shipping have been targeted
by several regulations. Nevertheless, effects of these regulations come into
force with temporal delays, global ship traffic is expected to grow in the
future, and other land-based anthropogenic emissions might decrease. Thus,
it is necessary to investigate combined impacts to identify the impact of
shipping activities on air quality, population exposure, and health effects
in the future. We investigated the future effect of shipping emissions on air quality and
related health effects considering different scenarios of the development of
shipping under current regional trends of economic growth and already
decided regulations in the Gothenburg urban area in 2040. Additionally, we
investigated the impact of a large-scale implementation of shore electricity
in the Port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, we established a one-way nested
chemistry transport modelling (CTM) system from the global to the urban
scale, to calculate pollutant concentrations, population-weighted
concentrations, and health effects related to NO2, PM2.5, and O3. The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios
for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and
up to 3.5 µg m−3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which
are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to
PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios;
for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of
O3 increased from the year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the
contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area
but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated
impact of onshore electricity implementation for shipping in 2040 shows
reductions for NO2 in the port of up to 30 %, while increasing
O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of onshore electricity for ships at
berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for
PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios
show substantial decreases in population-weighted exposure and health-effect
impacts.
Theoretical infrared spectra of OH defects in corundum (α-Al2O3)
Authors: Balan Etienne
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The atomic-scale structure, relative stability and infrared spectroscopic properties of OH defects in corundum (α-Al2O3) are theoretically investigated at the density functional theory level. Comparison with experimental data makes it possible to assign most of the narrow bands observed between 3150 and 3400 cm−1 in natural and Ti- or V-doped synthetic corundum to specific defects. These defects correspond to the association of one OH group with an Al vacancy and M4+ for Al3+ substitutions in neighboring sites. The OH group is located in the large oxygen triangle forming the base of the vacant Al site. Models of interstitial proton associated with a nearby Mg2+ for Al3+ substitution are consistent with the broad band observed at 3010 cm−1 in Mg-doped corundum. Its is also suggested that two weaker OH-stretching bands observed in nominally pure synthetic corundum at 3163 and 3209 cm−1 could be associated with intrinsic defects combining an Al and an O vacancy. These results highlight the importance of defect clustering in the high-temperature incorporation of hydrogen in nominally anhydrous minerals.
Production and application of manure nitrogen and phosphorus in the United States since 1860
Authors: Bian Zihao , Tian Hanqin , Yang Qichun , Xu Rongting , Pan Shufen , Zhang Bowen
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Livestock manure, as a recyclable source for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Soil-Plant-Animal system, plays an important role in nutrient cycling. Given the agricultural benefits and environmental pollutants brought by manure, it is of great importance to estimate the spatial variations and temporal trajectories of manure production and its application in croplands of the contiguous United States (U.S.). Here, we developed datasets of annual animal manure N and P production and application in the contiguous U.S. at a 30 arc-second resolution over the period of 1860–2017. The total production of manure N and P increased from 1.4 Tg N yr−1 and 0.3 Tg P yr−1 in 1860 to 7.4 Tg N yr−1 and 2.3 Tg P yr−1 in 2017. The increasing manure nutrient production was associated with increased livestock numbers before the 1980s and enhanced livestock weights after the 1980s. The high-nutrient region mainly enlarged from the Midwest toward the Southern U.S., and became more concentrated in numerous hot spots after the 1980s. The South Atlantic-Gulf and Mid-Atlantic basins were the two critical coastal regions with high environmental risks due to the enrichment of manure nutrient production and application from the 1970s to 2010s. Our long-term manure N and P datasets provide critical information for national and regional assessments of nutrient budgets. Additionally, the datasets can serve as the input data for ecosystem and hydrological models to examine biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919937 (Bian et al., 2020).
Current glacier recession causes significant rockfall increase: the immediate paraglacial response of deglaciating cirque walls
Authors: Hartmeyer Ingo , Delleske Robert , Keuschnig Markus , Krautblatter Michael , Lang Andreas , Schrott Lothar , Otto Jan-Christoph
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In the European Alps, almost half the glacier volume has disappeared over the past 150 years. The loss is reflected in glacier retreat and ice surface
lowering even at high altitude. In steep glacial cirques, surface lowering exposes rock to atmospheric conditions probably for the very first time in
several millennia. Instability of rockwalls has long been identified as one of the direct consequences of deglaciation, but so far cirque-wide
quantification of rockfall at high resolution is missing. Based on terrestrial lidar, a rockfall inventory for the permafrost-affected rockwalls of
two rapidly deglaciating cirques in the Central Alps of Austria (Kitzsteinhorn) is established. Over 6 years (2011–2017), 78 rockwall scans were
acquired to generate data of high spatial and temporal resolution. Overall, 632 rockfalls were registered, ranging from 0.003 to 879.4 m3, mainly
originating from pre-existing structural rock weaknesses. A total of 60 % of the rockfall volume detached from less than 10 vertical metres above the
glacier surface, indicating enhanced rockfall activity over tens of years following deglaciation. Debuttressing seems to play a minor effect only.
Rather, preconditioning is assumed to start inside the randkluft (void between cirque wall and glacier) where measured sustained freezing and ample
supply of liquid water likely cause enhanced physical weathering and high quarrying stresses. Following deglaciation, pronounced thermomechanical
strain is induced and an active layer penetrates into the formerly perennially frozen bedrock. These factors likely cause the observed paraglacial
rockfall increase close to the glacier surface. This paper, the first of two companion pieces, presents the most extensive dataset of high-alpine
rockfall to date and the first systematic documentation of a cirque-wide erosion response of glaciated rockwalls to recent climate warming.
A 6-year lidar survey reveals enhanced rockwall retreat and modified rockfall magnitudes/frequencies in deglaciating cirques
Authors: Hartmeyer Ingo , Keuschnig Markus , Delleske Robert , Krautblatter Michael , Lang Andreas , Schrott Lothar , Prasicek Günther , Otto Jan-Christoph
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Cirque erosion contributes significantly to mountain
denudation and is a key element of glaciated mountain topography. Despite
long-standing efforts, rates of rockwall retreat and the proportional
contributions of low-, mid- and high-magnitude rockfalls have remained
poorly constrained. Here, a unique, terrestrial-lidar-derived rockfall
inventory (2011–2017) of two glaciated cirques in the Hohe Tauern range,
Central Alps, Austria, is analysed. The mean cirque wall retreat
rate of 1.9 mm a−1 ranks in the top range of reported values and is
mainly driven by enhanced rockfall from the lowermost, freshly deglaciated
rockwall sections. Retreat rates are significantly elevated over decades
subsequent to glacier downwasting. Elongated cirque morphology and recorded
cirque wall retreat rates indicate headward erosion is clearly outpacing
lateral erosion, most likely due to the cataclinal backwalls, which are
prone to large dip-slope failures. The rockfall magnitude–frequency
distribution – the first such distribution derived for deglaciating cirques
– follows a distinct negative power law over 4 orders of magnitude.
Magnitude–frequency distributions in glacier-proximal and glacier-distal
rockwall sections differ significantly due to an increased occurrence of
large rockfalls in recently deglaciated areas. In this paper, the second of
two companion pieces, we show how recent climate warming shapes glacial
landforms, controls spatiotemporal rockfall variation in glacial
environments and indicates a transient signal with decadal-scale exhaustion
of rockfall activity immediately following deglaciation crucial for future
hazard assessments.
Delayed and rapid deglaciation of alpine valleys in the Sawatch Range, southern Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Tulenko Joseph P. , Caffee William , Schweinsberg Avriel D. , Briner Jason P. , Leonard Eric M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We quantify retreat rates for three alpine glaciers in the Sawatch Range of
the southern Rocky Mountains following the Last Glacial Maximum using
10Be ages from ice-sculpted, valley-floor bedrock transects and
statistical analysis via the BACON program in R. Glacier retreat in the
Sawatch Range from at (100 %) or near (∼83 %) Last
Glacial Maximum extents initiated between 16.0 and 15.6 ka and was complete
by 14.2–13.7 ka at rates ranging between 35.6 and 6.8 m a−1.
Deglaciation in the Sawatch Range commenced ∼2–3 kyr later
than the onset of rising global CO2 and prior to rising temperatures
observed in the North Atlantic region at the Heinrich Stadial 1–Bølling
transition. However, deglaciation in the Sawatch Range approximately aligns
with the timing of Great Basin pluvial lake lowering. Recent data–modeling
comparison efforts highlight the influence of the large North American ice
sheets on climate in the western United States, and we hypothesize that
recession of the North American ice sheets may have influenced the timing
and rate of deglaciation in the Sawatch Range. While we cannot definitively
argue for exclusively North Atlantic forcing or North American ice sheet
forcing, our data demonstrate the importance of regional forcing mechanisms
for past climate records.
Uncertainties in coastal flood risk assessments in small island developing states
Authors: Parodi Matteo U. , Giardino Alessio , van Dongeren Ap , Pearson Stuart G. , Bricker Jeremy D. , Reniers Ad J. H. M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Considering the likely increase in coastal flooding in small island
developing states (SIDSs) due to climate change, coastal managers at the
local and global levels have been developing initiatives aimed at
implementing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation measures.
Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal flood
risk (CFR) assessments, which in the case of insular states are often
subject to input uncertainty. We analysed the impact of a number of
uncertain inputs on coastal flood damage estimates: (i) significant wave
height, (ii) storm surge level and (iii) sea level rise (SLR) contributions
to extreme sea levels, as well as the error-driven uncertainty in (iv) bathymetric and (v) topographic datasets, (vi) damage models, and (vii)
socioeconomic changes. The methodology was tested through a sensitivity
analysis using an ensemble of hydrodynamic models (XBeach and SFINCS)
coupled with a direct impact model (Delft-FIAT) for a case study of a number
of villages on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Model
results indicate that for the current time horizon, depth damage functions
(DDFs) and digital elevation models (DEMs) dominate the overall damage
estimation uncertainty. When introducing climate and socioeconomic
uncertainties to the analysis, SLR projections become the most relevant
input for the year 2100 (followed by DEM and DDF). In general, the scarcity
of reliable input data leads to considerable predictive uncertainty in CFR
assessments in SIDSs. The findings of this research can help to prioritize
the allocation of limited resources towards the acquisitions of the most
relevant input data for reliable impact estimation.
Variability of distributions of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry
Authors: Soomere Tarmo , Pindsoo Katri , Kudryavtseva Nadezhda , Eelsalu Maris
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The phenomenon of wave set-up may substantially
contribute to the formation of devastating coastal flooding in certain
coastal areas. We study the appearance and properties of empirical
probability density distributions of the occurrence of different set-up
heights on an approximately 80 km long section of coastline near Tallinn in
the Gulf of Finland, eastern Baltic Sea. The study area is often
attacked by high waves propagating from various directions, and the typical
approach angle of high waves varies considerably along the shore. The
distributions in question are approximated by an exponential distribution
with a quadratic polynomial as the exponent. Even though different segments
of the study area have substantially different wave regimes, the leading
term of this polynomial is usually small (between −0.005 and 0.005) and
varies insignificantly along the study area. Consequently, the distribution
of wave set-up heights substantially deviates from a Rayleigh or Weibull
distribution (that usually reflect the distribution of different wave
heights). In about three-quarters of the occasions, it is fairly well
approximated by a standard exponential distribution. In about 25 % of the
coastal segments, it qualitatively matches a Wald (inverse Gaussian)
distribution. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (D value) indicates that the
inverse Gaussian distribution systematically better matches the empirical
probability distributions of set-up heights than the Weibull, exponential, or
Gaussian distributions.
Restricciones semánticas en el discurso informativo verbovisual. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Rodríguez Crespo Carlos , Abril Gonzalo
Published: September 2020

El análisis verbovisual permite analizar tendencias de significación en el ecosistema mediático, caracterizadas en gran medida por la hipervisibilidad y el giro estetizante. En este trabajo se aplica esta metodología para estudiar un corpus de noticias de accidentes laborales, a partir de los desarrollos teóricos en torno a la fluidez social, la perspectiva socio-semiótica sobre el régimen accidental y la normativa sobre prevención de riesgos laborales. El análisis se sustenta en la integración de trabajos relativamente recientes sobre la cultura visual, el análisis del discurso y el análisis semiótico. Entre otras conclusiones, se infiere que la articulación de estrategias ficcionales, designadores rígidos y fotografías predicativas que remiten a los imaginarios audiovisuales, particularmente al melodrama y a la iconografía católica, configuran esta clase de discurso, cuyo universo semántico de carácter escrito se orienta hacia las nociones de azar, prevención, castigo y culpa.
¿Por qué es necesaria una historia de la semiótica? En busca de la identidad y la memoria a reconstruir
Authors: Parra Ortiz Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Este ensayo tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la historia intelectual nuestra y las teorías que se han venido siguiendo con la esperanza de incrementar nuestra mirada y visualizar qué historia de la semiótica amerita ser narrada para orientar nuestro trabajo y de paso levantar nuevas propuestas teóricas o quizás otras historias que pudieran enriquecer a la disciplina.
A disseminação de informação científica em escolas de governo como fator de inovação social
Authors: Santos Alessandra De Souza , Figueiredo Frederico De Carvalho
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O desenvolvimento local e a inclusão social são fundamentalmente interligados à disseminação da informação científica como fator de inovação social. Nesse contexto, as Escolas de Governo devem se estruturar como espaços de trocas de conhecimentos críticos das relações de poder subjacentes no acesso ao conhecimento. Objetivo: Objetiva verificar a frequência da ocorrência de periódicos de acesso livre e de repositórios abertos, como instrumentos de disseminação de informação científica em Escolas de Governo do Ministério Público brasileiro, e analisar sua importância na transformação da realidade social sob a ótica da inovação social. Diferentes conceitos de inovação social foram abordados em diálogo com o papel formativo do Estado, por meio de suas Escolas de Governo e seus diferentes instrumentos de disseminação de informação científica. Metodologia: Consiste em estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa documental em repositórios abertos e portais corporativos das Escolas de Governo dos Ministérios Públicos no Brasil. Trata os dados por meio de tabulação da frequência da ocorrência dos instrumentos. Conclusão: Sugere que o número de Escolas de Governo que não possuem instrumentos de disseminação de informação científica aberta ainda é alto. Demonstra a relevância de políticas institucionais que fortaleçam as Escolas dos Ministérios Públicos, principalmente aquelas Escolas Institucionais, cujas estruturas administrativas integram as Instituições. Importante também a efetividade da busca dos repositórios e revistas que nem sempre são amigáveis com os usuários.
Business English Learners’ Perceptions of Synchronous Online Tuition as a Substitute for Face-to-Face Tuition in a French-Speaking Context
Authors: Costa Daniel
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research study was to delve into Business English learners’ perceptions of synchronous online tuition and its potential as a substitute for face-to-face tuition in a one-to-one educational context. It involved nine French-speaking students spanning different proficiency levels and who completed at least a course consisting of twenty lessons which involved voice and text-based communication using Cisco Webex Meeting Center. They were asked to complete questionnaires and to attend semi-structured interviews in French, which were recorded and transcribed.The results show that the learners were generally pleased with the course and its medium. They commented on its flexibility both in terms of space and time, the former enabling them to have lessons from their office or home and the latter allowing them to schedule lessons according to their schedules. The respondents believed that the voice-based nature of the medium was effective in enhancing their listening and speaking skills, but not all acknowledged the benefits of text-based communication. Technical issues were considered a hindrance by several participants, while digital literacy, learning disabilities and learning styles were alluded to as factors which could affect the learning process. Blended learning was suggested to include further practice with colleagues or face-to-face tuition.
Quantitative Analysis of the Value Investments of Listed Companies in China’s Mining Industry
Authors: Zhu Tao , Walsh John , Ampornstira Fuangfa
Published: September 2020

Value investment (VI) has been widely studied and applied to many fields of stock market analysis. It involves the identification of under-priced stocks for possible purchase and subsequent resale. In this paper, quantitative methods are employed to examine the extent and nature of VI in China’s mining industry. The research aims to discover the relationships between return on investment (ROI) and the historic financial indices documented in financial statements, while also examining the extent of the influence of VI on ROI in the Chinese mining industry.
Globalization or Localization: Global Brand Perception in Emerging Markets
Authors: Dong Lily C , Yu Chunling
Published: September 2020

With the globalization of world economy, more brands from emerging markets have entered the international market, which brought changes to the competitive landscape previously dominated by global brands from developed countries. It becomes more critical for marketing managers to understand consumers’ perceptions of the two types of global brands: traditional global brands from developed countries and emerging global brands from developing countries, and to uncover the changes in consumers’ purchase intentions in the new competitive environment. This study attempts to identify factors influencing consumers’ purchase intentions concerning the aforementioned two types of global brands. The results indicated that consumers’ interpretation of global brands is becoming increasingly complicated. In addition to the already established pathway of “perceived brand globalness (PBG)” influencing consumers’ brand attitude (hereinafter referred to as “BA”) and purchase intentions, there emerged a new pathway of “perceived brand localness (PBL)” influencing consumers’ brand perception and purchase intentions. These two pathways have different effects on traditional global brands and emerging global brands. Specifically, for traditional global brands, PBG has greater influence than PBL; for emerging global brands, PBL has more influence than PBG.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with tuberculosis disease in British children
Authors: McArdle A. J. , Keane D. , Seddon J. A. , Bernatoniene J. , Paton J. , McMaster P. , Williams A. , Williams B. , Kampmann B.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Basic science, epidemiological and interventional research supports a link between vitamin D and tuberculosis (TB) immunity, infection and disease. We evaluated the association between vitamin D levels and TB infection and disease in UK children recruited to the National
Institute for Health Research IGRA Kids Study (NIKS).METHODS: Children presenting between 2011 and 2014 were eligible if they had history of exposure to an adult case with sputum smear/culture-positive TB, or were referred and diagnosed with TB disease. Children were assessed at
baseline and at 6–8 weeks for immunological evidence of TB infection (interferon-gamma release assay and/or tuberculin skin test) and evidence of TB disease. Some centres routinely measured total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels.RESULTS: A total of 166 children were included.
The median 25-OHD levels were higher in non-infected children (45.5 nmol/l) than in those with tuberculous infection (36.2 nmol/l) and TB disease (20.0 nmol/l). The difference between TB infection and disease was statistically significant (P < 0.001). By logistic regression, lower
vitamin D levels were associated with TB disease among participants with infection or disease, with no evidence of confounding by age, sex, bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination status, ethnicity, non-contact referral, season or centre.CONCLUSION: Children with TB disease had
lower vitamin D levels than children with infection. Implications for prevention and treatment remain to be established.
Post-tuberculosis lung health: perspectives from the First International Symposium
Authors: Allwood B. W. , van der Zalm M. M. , Amaral A. F. S. , Byrne A. , Datta S. , Egere U. , Evans C. A. , Evans D. , Gray D. M , Hoddinott G. , Ivanova O. , Jones R. , Makanda G. , Marx F. M. , Meghji J. , Mpagama S. , Pasipanodya J. G. , Rachow A. , Schoeman I. , Shaw J. , Stek C. , van Kampen S. , von Delft D. , Walker N. F. , Wallis R. S. , Mortimer K.
Published: September 2020

ALTHOUGH CURABLE, TB frequently leaves the individual with chronic physical and psycho-social impairment, but these consequences have been largely neglected. The 1st International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium (Stellenbosch, South Africa) was held to discuss priorities and
gaps in addressing this issue. A barrier to progress has been the varied terminology and nomenclature, so the Delphi process was used to achieve consensus on definitions. Lack of sufficient evidence hampered definitive recommendations in most domains, including prevention and treatment of
post-TB lung disease (PTLD), but the discussions clarified the research needed. A consensus was reached on a toolkit for future PTLD measurement and on PTLD patterns to be considered. The importance of extra-pulmonary consequences and progressive impairment throughout the life-course was identified,
including TB recurrence and increased mortality. Patient advocates emphasised the need to address the psychological and social impacts post TB and called for clinical guidance. More generally, there is an urgent need for increased awareness and research into post-TB complications.
Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking on the outcome of COVID-19
Authors: Pranata R. , Soeroto A. Y. , Huang I. , Lim M. A. , Santoso P. , Permana H. , Lukito A. A.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking with outcome in patients with COVID-19.METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EuropePMC, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Central Database.
A composite of poor outcome, mortality, severe COVID-19, the need for treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) and disease progression were the outcomes of interest.RESULTS: Data on 4603 patients were pooled from 21 studies. COPD was associated with an increased risk for composite
poor outcome (OR 5.01, 95%CI 3.06–8.22; P < 0.001; I2 0%), mortality (OR 4.36, 95%CI 1.45–13.10; P = 0.009; I2 0%), severe COVID-19 (OR 4.62, 95%CI 2.49–8.56; P < 0.001; I2 0%), ICU care (OR
8.33, 95%CI 1.27–54.56; P = 0.03; I2 0%), and disease progression (OR 8.42, 95%CI 1.60–44.27; P = 0.01; I2 0%). Smoking was found to increase the risk of composite poor outcome (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.16–2.00; P = 0.005;
I2 12%), and subgroup analysis showed that smoking was significant for increased risk of severe COVID-19 (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.17–2.34; P = 0.004; I2 11%). Current smokers were at higher risk of composite poor outcomes (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.10–2.27;
P = 0.01; I2 0%) than former/non-smokers.CONCLUSION: Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that COPD and smoking were associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Inozemstvo, Zagreb ili neki drugi grad u Hrvatskoj? Društveno porijeklo, racionalnost izbora i aspiracije srednjoškolaca prema mjestu studiranja
Authors: Puzić Saša , Šabić Josip , Odak Iva
Published: September 2020

U radu se ispituju aspiracije hrvatskih srednjoškolaca kad je riječ o mjestu studiranja (inozemstvo, Zagreb, drugi grad u Hrvatskoj). Teorijsko polazište rada čini teorija racionalnog izbora, koja se koristi pri objašnjenju obrazovnih odluka u periodu obrazovnih tranzicija. Provedena je višerazinska multinomijalna regresijska analiza na nacionalno reprezentativnom uzorku učenika četverogodišnjih srednjih škola (N=10 829). Podatci su prikupljeni tijekom školske godine 2017./2018. Rezultati pokazuju da su aspiracije prema mjestu studiranja povezane s društvenim podrijetlom učenika: veće aspiracije prema studiranju u Zagrebu povezane su s visokoškolskim obrazovanjem barem jednog roditelja te s aktivnim radnim statusom majke i oca, dok su veće aspiracije za studiranjem u inozemstvu povezane s visokoškolskim obrazovanjem obaju roditelja i višim mjesečnim prihodima kućanstva. Učeničke aspiracije prema studiranju u inozemstvu povezane su i s čimbenicima racionalnog izbora: većom brigom za izbjegavanjem silazne društvene mobilnosti, višom samoprocjenom vjerojatnosti uspješnog upisa i završetka studija, nižom procjenom vrijednosti obrazovanja u hrvatskom društvu te višom procjenom nepoštovanja meritokratskih principa u hrvatskom visokom obrazovanju. S druge strane, aspiracije prema studiranju u Zagrebu od navedenih su čimbenika povezane samo s višom procjenom društvene vrijednosti obrazovanja. Svi su učinci bili neovisni o školskom uspjehu učenika. Dobiveni nalazi tumače se u kontekstu horizontalnih nejednakosti u visokom obrazovanju te se upućuje na moguće implikacije nalaza za obrazovnu politiku.
»Was schulden uns die Alten?« Isolierung, Responsibilisierung und (De-)Aktivierung in der Corona-Krise
Authors: Graefe Stefanie , Haubner Tine , Dyk Silke van
Published: September 2020

Im Kontext der Corona-Pandemie werden grundlegende Fragen von Lebensqualität, Gemeinwohl, Verantwortung und individueller Freiheit neu verhandelt. Dabei lässt sich eine bemerkenswerte Ambivalenz beobachten: Insbesondere Ältere und alte Menschen gelten nicht nur als besonders schutzbedürftig, sie werden überdies zunehmend als Risikofaktor adressiert und im Rahmen von Aufforderungen zu eigenverantwortlicher sozialer (Selbst-)Isolierung in die Pflicht für das Gemeinwohl genommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt der Beitrag in drei Schritten auf eine soziologische Kontextualisierung der coronabedingten Situation und Debatte: Analysiert werden Prozesse der Stereotypisierung und Diskriminierung des Alters, die Konstruktion von „Risikogruppen“ und altersspezifischen Vulnerabilitäten sowie die strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen der Versorgung und des Schutzes Älterer in der flexibel-kapitalistischen Gegenwartsgesellschaft. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, zu zeigen, dass die Corona-Pandemie wie ein Brennglas wirkt, unter dem grundlegende Probleme des nichtpandemischen „Normalbetriebs“ der Gesellschaft sichtbar werden.
Les minorités dans le "vivre ensemble" en Afrique : L’état au crible des autoreprésentations identitaires
Authors: Njoya Jean
Published: September 2020

Ce texte appréhende la question des minorités et de peuples en s’intéressant à la question de leur reconnaissance et de leur gestion par l’Etat, tout en mettant en évidence la manière dont lesdits groupes se considèrent eux-mêmes comme minoritaires à travers le prisme déformant des auto-qualifications segmentées. La question de leur reconnaissance interne demeure mitigée malgré l’onction du pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques; l’Etat manifestant ainsi une certaine prudence face à des catégories qui pourraient oblitérer son unité. La gestion de la minorité quant à elle s’effectue stratégiquement sous le prisme d’un « usage politique du droit » : sa reconnaissance ayant partie liée avec la plus-value politique que pourrait en tirer le pouvoir central. Le contexte de contestation politique des années 90 aura justifié sa constitutionnalisation dans le contexte camerounais d’alors fortement marqué par des résurgences identitaires aiguës.
Killing two birds with one stone: insights into the recent counterterrorism legislation in Cameroon
Authors: Kamga Gerard Emmanuel Kamdem
Published: September 2020

The paper reviews counterterrorism legislation in Cameroon in relation to (in-) security, human rights and the rule of law. In December 2014, to step up the fight against the terrorist group Boko Haram, the Parliament of Cameroon enacted a new law on the suppression of acts of terrorism. However, owing to both its suppressive nature and serious threat to the security and rights of the people it claims to protect, the content of this law appears to be controversial. The author attempts to break down this legislation and argues that the distinctive feature of the recent counterterrorism legislation in Cameroon is the disappearance of the distinction between the perpetrators of terrorist activities and civilian populations as well as political opponents involved in national protests both being subject to capital punishment. In so doing, the author provides critical insights into a unique anti-terror universe, that is, the current socio-political situation in Cameroon. From the recent unrests and arrests following the controversial outcome of the 2018 presidential elections, to the crisis in the English speaking regions of Cameroon as well as the (bloody) suppression of journalists, emphasis is put on the extent to which the current legal architecture of the state has been overshadowed by a fearsome piece of legislation coupled with the hyperactivity of military judges who have been busy leading Kafkaesque trials almost on a full-time basis. In the end, what is noticeable is the extent to which the counterterrorism legislation of December 2014 unveiled itself as a suppressive device aiming at protecting the regime instead of a security arsenal for the sake of the society.
Phylogenetics of the freshwater crab (Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838) fauna from ‘sky islands’ in Mozambique with the description of a new species (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)
Authors: Daniels Savel R. , Bittencourt-Silva Gabriela B. , Muianga Vanessa , Bayliss Julian
Published: September 2020

Patterns and processes of cladogenesis among taxa living on the Mozambique ‘sky islands’ remain poorly studied. During the present study, we report on a new freshwater crab species from Mount Lico, an inselberg and ‘sky island’ in the Zambezia Province of Mozambique. Phylogenetic analyses using three mitochondrial DNA sequence loci (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI) were used to determine the evolutionary placement of the freshwater crab specimens from Mount Lico. The freshwater crab specimens from Mount Lico were retrieved sister to Potamonautes choloensis. The new species, Potamonautes licoensis sp. nov., is described and compared with other southern African freshwater crab species. Divergence time estimations for the Mozambican freshwater crab species suggest a Miocene / Plio–Pleistocene diversification. Some endemic ‘sky island’ species form an early branching and are sister to other predominantly East African species, while other ‘sky island’ species are more recently derived and nested within a predominantly southern African clade. The present study presents the description of the fourth endemic freshwater crab species from Mozambique and suggests that the species diversity in the country is likely highly underrepresented, reiterating the call for renewed systematic surveys. An argument for the conservation of these mountainous ‘sky islands’ is presented.
Editor’s Corner
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus has disrupted one of the foundations of our democracy—voting. Several states delayed primaries during the shut-downs. Now states are expanding, or hindering, voting options so that citizens may vote safely during this pandemic. Pew Research polled registered voters and found that 63 percent were uncomfortable voting in person because of the coronavirus outbreak. Unfortunately how citizens can vote safely during this time is falling along partisan lines.
Combat at Close Quarters: Warfare on the Rivers and Canals of Vietnam
Authors: Olson Carl
Published: September 2020

The “Brown-Water Navy” in Vietnam gained fame by numerous books, such movies as Apocalypse Now, and the Presidential candidacy of Senator John Kerry, a “swift-boat” veteran. Commendably, this compact and lavishly illustrated history begins with an executive summary of riverine operations from the French Indochina War to the withdrawal of the United States Navy in the 1970’s. Subsequent chapters describe the major campaigns, milestone by milestone.
Memorial Resolution for Peter Leo Kraus
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: September 2020

WHEREAS, the American Library Association (ALA) and the academic library community lost a valued member on April 5th, 2020, with the death of Peter Leo Kraus . . .
Violência praticada por parceiros íntimos a mulheres com depressão
Authors: Frazão Maria Cristina Lins Oliveira , Viana Lia Raquel de Carvalho , Pimenta Cláudia Jeane Lopes , Silva Cleane Rosa Ribeiro da , Bezerra Thaíse Alves , Ferreira Gerlania Rodrigues Salviano , Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macedo
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar violência praticada por parceiro íntimo a mulheres com depressão. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada de janeiro a abril de 2017 com 29 mulheres que apresentavam depressão e eram acompanhadas em um Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde em João Pessoa, Paraíba. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado. As falas foram processadas pelo software IRAMUTEQ e analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: entre as participantes, 29 relataram história de violência, sendo a maior parte das agressões praticada por parceiros íntimos. A análise das falas permitiu a subdivisão do conteúdo em três núcleos temáticos: tipos de violência sofrida, denúncia das agressões e falta de apoio familiar. Conclusão: percebeu-se estreita relação entre a violência perpetrada por parceiro íntimo e o diagnóstico de depressão, com consequências danosas para a mulher e suas relações familiares.
Utilização do software iramuteq® para análise de dados qualitativos na enfermagem
Authors: Acauan Laura Vargas , Abrantes Carolina Vianna , Stipp Marluci Andrade Conceição , Trotte Liana Amorim Corrêa , Paes Graciele Oroski , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo
Published: September 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a utilização do software IraMuteq® como ferramenta de apoio à análise dos dados textuais no campo da pesquisa qualitativa em Enfermagem. Nesse sentido, a utilização cada vez mais frequente de tecnologias digitais trouxe mudanças que se estenderam à pesquisa qualitativa realizada pela Enfermagem, aplicando de forma progressiva o uso de softwares para auxílio na análise dos dados qualitativos. Dados textuais profusos, pouco estruturados e coletados por instrumentos peculiares procuram compreender a perspectiva dos participantes interpretada pelas experiências do pesquisador, que procura atribuir significados por uma óptica subjetiva. A capacidade analítica e crítica do pesquisador qualitativo no processo da pesquisa e as diversas opções de análise dos dados textuais, apoio em elementos gráficos, resgate do contexto no processo e gratuidade, além do rigor metodológico, tornam o IraMuteq® uma excelente ferramenta que resulta em uma pesquisa mais ágil e confiável. Salienta-se que, apesar da tendência crescente à sua aplicação nas pesquisas da Enfermagem, as vantagens postas dependerão do conhecimento e exploração do software pelo pesquisador, seu domínio da tecnologia da informática e sua habilidade em analisar dados que são organizados pelo IraMuteq®, para que seu emprego seja realmente eficaz.
Percepção das gestantes acerca dos fatores de risco para depressão na gravidez
Authors: Silva Mônica Maria de Jesus , Clapis Maria José
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência da depressão na gravidez na percepção das gestantes. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no período de 12 a 27 de janeiro 2017, do qual participaram 15 gestantes por meio de quatro grupos focais promovidos no ambulatório de gestação de alto risco de um hospital público universitário. Para a coleta de dados os grupos focais foram gravados em áudio e posteriormente transcritos, seguindo um roteiro que continha questões referentes a dados socioeconômicos e obstétricos e cinco questões abertas relacionadas à percepção das gestantes sobre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da depressão. A análise dos dados ocorreu segundo análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin e atendeu aos critérios consolidados para relatos de pesquisa qualitativa. Resultados: os depoimentos das gestantes permitiram identificar 10 fatores de risco para a depressão na gravidez, os quais foram distribuídos em fatores de risco socioeconômico; psíquico; obstétrico/materno; e psicossocial, que podem contribuir para estudos futuros na linha de conhecimento, para a qualificação da assistência pré-natal e promoção da saúde mental das gestantes e para o aperfeiçoamento das práticas de Enfermagem, beneficiando a profissão. Conclusão: segundo a percepção das gestantes, múltiplos fatores de risco contribuem para o desenvolvimento da depressão durante a gravidez. Os fatores de risco identificados contribuíram para a elaboração da escala de risco de depressão na gravidez e podem subsidiar o planejamento de ações de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce e promoção da saúde mental da mulher grávida.
Narrativas e representações sociais: professores de ensino fundamental e fracasso escolar
Authors: Querido de Oliveira Chamon Edna Maria , Patereli Miragaia Suellen , Edith B. de S. e Camargo Ortiz Monteiro Patrícia Diana
Published: September 2020

O artigo apresenta uma proposta de utilização da pesquisa narrativa na análise das representações sociais, ilustrando esse potencial diálogo por meio de um estudo na área de educação. Busca-se apreender as representações sociais de professores sobre a defasagem idade-série e, por extensão, sobre o fracasso escolar. A proposta é utilizar a narrativa como método para analisar as representações sociais. Como essas representações circulam na comunicação e são construídas socialmente, elas podem se revelar nas narrativas dos sujeitos pesquisados. O estudo foi realizado com 14 professores de ensino fundamental, sete de Matemática e sete de Língua Portuguesa, de uma rede pública municipal do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Estes professores trabalhavam em um programa de recuperação de aprendizagem com alunos de 6º a 9º ano. As narrativas foram construídas a partir de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas cuja questão central versava sobre como eram os alunos com defasagem idade-série e como se desenrolava o programa de recuperação. A análise das entrevistas incorporou os esquemas próprios dos estudos com narrativas, buscando identificar histórias e materiais contextuais, e reconstruir o significado amplo dessas histórias na forma de grandes temáticas organizadoras das representações sociais. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma lógica de exclusão na qual a escola é vista positivamente e isenta de responsabilidades, e o fracasso escolar – aqui representado pela defasegem idade-série e suas consequências – tem como causa uma família desestruturada e um aluno a quem falta empenho ou interesse.
Narrativas de educadores da socioeducação: representações sociais sobre adolescência na tessitura do trabalho socioeducativo
Authors: Eyng Ana Maria , Ramos Auda
Published: September 2020

No texto colocamos sob interpretação as representações sociais de educadores da socioeducação sobre a adolescência. A abordagem transversal do objeto se dá na análise da rede de significados, que configuram as representações sociais de um grupo multiprofissional de educadores, os quais enunciam suas narrativas sobre um objeto e num contexto compartilhado. O estudo das representações tem como aporte as contribuições de Moscovici (1961) e o aplicado nos estudos de Alves‑Mazzotti (2015), Passeggi (2011), Ribeiro, Carvalho e Antunes-Rocha (2017), Sousa et al. (2014), Teibe e Andrade (2017). As narrativas em discussão advêm de estudo de campo, que abrangeu observação das dinâmicas de interação entre sujeitos no contexto das práticas socioeducativas e entrevistas individuais com a escuta de 17 educadores que compõem a equipe multiprofissional. Das narrativas dos educadores colocamos em destaque as significações sobre a adolescência e os adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto. As representações sociais extraídas das narrativas dos educadores estão ancoradas em duas direções em contradição que constituem as redes de significados acerca dos adolescentes. As representações sociais sobre a adolescência, nas quais ainda persistem narrativas da situação irregular, ampliam sobremaneira as demandas das práticas socioeducativas que, além do trabalho multidisciplinar, desafiam a desconstrução de tais referências na perspectiva da garantia dos direitos da infância.
Pediatric Delayed Union in the Presence of WAGR Syndrome
Authors: Antonucci Matthew , Wright J. Adrian
Published: September 2020

In this study, we present the management of an intra-articular fracture in a 13-year-old boy with WAGR syndrome, an extremely rare genetic disorder. The goal of this study was to provide possible solutions to the complex pain management requirements presenting in the setting of trauma to the right lower extremity. Given the scarcity of literature available with regard to this condition, we aim to not only increase awareness of the disease but also provide insight into trauma management and expected outcomes.