bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early diagnosis of immunodeficient patients with partial albinism: The role of hair study and peripheral blood smear
Authors: Tajik Shaghayegh , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Alizadeh Zahra , Badalzadeh Mohsen , Houshmand Massoud , Razaghian Anahita , Bahram Seiamak , Molitor Anne , Carapito Raphael , Shariat Mansoureh , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Behniafard Nasrin , Abdolkarimi Babak , Rostami Tahereh , Moin Mostafa , Pourpak Zahra
Published: November 2024

Background

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (inborn errors of immunity) with partial albinism are a group of autosomal recessive syndromes including Chediak Higashi Syndrome (CHS), Griscelli Syndrome type 2 (GS2), Hermansky‐Pudlak Syndromes type 2 and 10 (HPS2, HPS10), Vici syndrome and P14/LAMTOR2 deficiency.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients including 10 CHS, 10 GS2, and 5 HPS2 were evaluated in this study within the last 10 years. Five cases with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and 5 healthy subjects without albinism were used as two control groups. Genetic analyses were performed by whole exome or panel sequencing or targeted Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, leukocyte granules in peripheral blood smear and hair shaft were examined as screening tests.

Results

Giant granules were only presented in the leukocytes cytoplasm of 10/10 CHS patients. The uneven cluster of pigments and giant melanin granules in hair samples were observed in 10/10 GS2 and 10/10 CHS patients, respectively. In both 5/5 OCA and 5/5 HPS2 patients, there were regular pigments in the middle of hair shafts. Genetic analyses were performed for all patients, revealing 7 novel variants in LYST gene for CHS patients and 4 novel variants in AP3B1 for HPS2 patients.

Conclusion

Receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a timely manner is crucial in CHS and GS2 patients; therefore, screening tests may provide a vital clue for early diagnosis in these patients. However, the final confirmation of CHS, GS2, and HPS2 disorders is done by genetic assay.
The Energy Charter Treaty: Letting the sun set on sunset clauses
Authors: Jackson Eoin
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on the sunset clause of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). The ECT is a multilateral investor‐state arbitration treaty which allows for the use of investor‐state dispute settlement (ISDS) tribunals to arbitrate challenges arising from shifts in energy policy that lead to a loss in profits for relevant energy companies. The treaty has become controversial as climate activists have alleged it is slowing down efforts to transition away from fossil fuels. Withdrawal from the ECT does not necessarily solve the alleged issues as the treaty contains a sunset clause, allowing for the provisions of the ECT to remain in force for 20 years post withdrawal. This article seeks to analyse various mechanisms and strategies for neutralising the sunset clause as part of a wider effort to ensure the ECT does not interfere with the phasing out of fossil fuels. It will be argued that such neutralisation should be possible through the use of Article 62 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), on the basis that there has been a fundamental change in circumstances since the inception of the treaty. This use of the rebus sic stantibus doctrine can be justified on the basis that a swift and substantial transition away from fossil fuels is now required to ensure states can meet their obligations under the Paris Agreement. This article will also explore alternatives to an Article 62 VCLT argument (i.e. a fundamental change in circumstances) that could nonetheless achieve the primary goal of ensuring that states are not bound to a pro fossil‐fuel treaty. Examples of alternatives include the insertion of a climate carve‐out to remove protections from investments that hinder climate action or the use of the defence of necessity in future ECT arbitration cases to argue that the state should not remain bound to the sunset clause. Regardless of whichever scenario is pursued by states, the article seeks to highlight that any and all efforts must be made to neutralise the sunset clause to ensure there is no interference with necessary efforts to pursue climate action.
One size does not fit all: The value of information and coexistence of rating agencies
Authors: Chung Hae Jin , Park Sojung Carol , Xie Xiaoying
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the production of information by multiple rating agencies and the selection of rating agencies when the value of information to buyers is heterogeneous. We argue that firms strategically choose a rating agency based on the value of information. Not only can a rating agency with a finer rating scheme than a dominant agency offer information to the market, but an agency with a coarser scheme can also provide information by serving low‐information‐value users and sellers who could not obtain a rating otherwise. This does not necessarily result in rating shopping. We tested these hypotheses using the U.S. property‐casualty insurance market, examining insurers' rating agency selections among AM Best, Demotech, and S&P. Our results indicate that the value of information to users influences both the design of rating schemes by rating agencies and the selection of rating agencies by firms. The coexistence of multiple rating agencies with different rating schemes suggests their ability to serve heterogeneous information clienteles.
Early colonization of New Caledonia by ultrasonic crickets from New Guinea (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae): Historical biogeography and description of a new genus
Authors: Le Flanchec Thomas , Salazar Karen , Malem Julien , Vendanger Juliette , Poirier Eddy , Dutertre Valentin , Bonillo Céline , Chifflet‐Belle Pascaline , Legendre Frédéric , Nattier Romain , Robillard Tony
Published: November 2024

New Caledonian crickets of the tribe Lebinthini are renowned for their high endemicity and their use of high‐frequency calling songs. Although previous studies have found them to originate from New Guinea around 30 Ma, recent discoveries of new lineages of Lebinthini in New Caledonia and in Australia questioned this result. Here, we describe Kanakinthus koniambo Le Flanchec & Robillard gen. et sp.nov., a new genus and species endemic to New Caledonia. We also describe three new species of the endemic genus Agnothecous: A. anonymous Le Flanchec, Vendanger & Robillard sp.nov., A. borendyi Le Flanchec, Vendanger & Robillard sp.nov. and A. kwakwe Le Flanchec, Vendanger & Robillard sp.nov. We include these new taxa and the Australian Lebinthini in a molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Eneopterinae, estimate their divergence times and reconstruct their historical biogeography. Our results confirm the monophyly of the clade endemic to New Caledonia and its origin from a single colonization event from New Guinea, around 30 Ma, shortly after the archipelago completely re‐emerged in its current configuration, 34 Ma. We also infer an independent colonization of Australia by the genus Julverninthus from New Guinea, around 25 Ma.
A MYB transcription factor underlying plant height in sorghum qHT7.1 and maize Brachytic 1 loci
Authors: Mu Qi , Wei Jialu , Longest Hallie K. , Liu Hua , Char Si Nian , Hinrichsen Jacob T. , Tibbs‐Cortes Laura E. , Schoenbaum Gregory R. , Yang Bing , Li Xianran , Yu Jianming
Published: November 2024

Manipulating plant height is an essential component of crop improvement. Plant height was generally reduced through breeding in wheat, rice, and sorghum to resist lodging and increase grain yield but kept high for bioenergy crops. Here, we positionally cloned a plant height quantitative trait locus (QTL) qHT7.1 as a MYB transcription factor controlling internode elongation, cell proliferation, and cell morphology in sorghum. A 740 bp transposable element insertion in the intronic region caused a partial mis‐splicing event, generating a novel transcript that included an additional exon and a premature stop codon, leading to short plant height. The dominant allele had an overall higher expression than the recessive allele across development and internode position, while both alleles' expressions peaked at 46 days after planting and progressively decreased from the top to lower internodes. The orthologue of qHT7.1 was identified to underlie the brachytic1 (br1) locus in maize. A large insertion in exon 3 and a 160 bp insertion at the promoter region were identified in the br1 mutant, while an 18 bp promoter insertion was found to be associated with reduced plant height in a natural recessive allele. CRISPR/Cas9–induced gene knockout of br1 in two maize inbred lines showed significant plant height reduction. These findings revealed functional connections across natural, mutant, and edited alleles of this MYB transcription factor in sorghum and maize. This enriched our understanding of plant height regulation and enhanced our toolbox for fine‐tuning plant height for crop improvement.
There are no extremal eutactic stars other than root systems
Authors: Wang Haowu
Published: November 2024

A eutactic star on an integral lattice is called extremal if it induces a holomorphic Jacobi form of lattice index and singular weight via the theta block. The famous Macdonald identities imply that root systems are extremal as eutactic stars. In this paper, we prove that every extremal eutactic star arises as a root system. This answers a question posed by Skoruppa.
Mechanical Behavior of Origami-Based Inflatable Bistable Foldable Panels
Authors: Zhao Liang Jie , Sun Bo Hua
Published: November 2024

Deployable structures are extensively used in engineering. A bistable panel structure, inspired by multistable origami, is proposed, capable of deployment and folding powered by air pressure. Prototypes were manufactured using planar laser etching technology based on geometric design. Mechanical behavior under out-of-plane compression, in-plane compression, and out-of-plane bending loads was analyzed through experiments. The foldable panel showed superior mechanical performance under out-of-plane compression, highlighting its potential as an ideal energy-absorbing material. In-plane compression and out-of-plane bending along the folding direction exhibited lower strength due to foldability, with failure modes involving rigidity loss from folding. The structure demonstrated good energy absorption characteristics during in-plane compression. As the angle of the unit increased during out-of-plane bending, mechanical performance improved, but the failure mode shifted to fracture. In in-plane compression and out-of-plane bending perpendicular to the folding direction, mechanical performance was enhanced, but the structure failed due to strength loss from fracture.
Mathematical Principle for Calculating Contacting Curve Length of Involute Helicon Gearing
Authors: Yu Yaoting , Zhao Yaping , Ma Jiayue , Hao Zhiqiang
Published: November 2024

The mathematical principle for calculating the contacting curve length of the involute Helicon gearing is put forward. The transient contacting curves within the conjugate zone are attained. The approximate analytical formula of the contacting curve length is derived. Based on that, the lengths of the contacting curves are computed by three methods, which are the approximate analytical formula, the numerical integration method, and calculating the distance between the beginning and the end of the contacting curve on the worm gear tooth surface. Besides, to demonstrate the rationality of the third method, two novel formulae for calculating the principal curvatures and directions of the surface are derived from the curvature parameters of two perpendicular directions to each other. These two novel formulae are used to calculate the principal curvatures and directions of the worm gear tooth surface, and evaluate the flatness of the tooth surface quantitatively. The results show that the contacting curve lengths calculated in this paper are generally between 2.7087 mm and 4.4858 mm; most of the contacting curve lengths do not vary much. The contacting curve length calculation principle proposed in this paper has high precision, and the maximum relative error between three methods is not more than −3.8838%. The worm gear tooth surfaces are relatively flat, the minimum of the principal curvature radii is 43.5494 mm, and the maximum is 3.3152 × 104 mm; most of the principal curvature radii are much larger than the contacting curve lengths.
A Review of Advanced Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing: System Modeling and Control
Authors: Martin Christopher , Zhao Qishen , Patel Anjali , Velasquez Enrique , Chen Dongmei , Li Wei
Published: November 2024

Roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing is a highly efficient industrial method for continuously processing flexible webs through a series of rollers. With advancements in technology, R2R manufacturing has emerged as one of the most economical production methods for advanced products, such as flexible electronics, renewable energy devices, and 2D materials. However, the development of cost-effective and efficient manufacturing processes for these products presents new challenges, including higher precision requirements, the need for improved in-line quality control, and the integration of material processing dynamics into the traditional web handling system. This paper reviews the state of the art in advanced R2R manufacturing, focusing on modeling and control, and highlights research areas that need further development.
An Improved Envelope Method for Time-Dependent Mechanism Reliability
Authors: Zhang Junfu
Published: November 2024

The time-dependent kinematic reliability of a mechanism is the probability that the motion error of the mechanism is less than a prespecified error tolerance for a given period of time. For the time-dependent kinematic reliability analysis, the envelope method outperforms the sampling (Monte Carlo simulation) method because of its higher efficiency. This study further enhances the envelope method with improved accuracy. The improvement is achieved by keeping all the expansion points in the approximation of the limit-state function, some of which are discarded by the original envelope method to avoid numerical singularity. A new equivalent component reliability method is developed in this study so that the dimensions of the motion errors at all the expansion points are reduced to a degree that does not cause any numerical singularity. With the use of all the expansion points, the improved envelope method produces higher accuracy without increasing computational effort in calling the limit-state function. Three examples of four-bar linkage mechanisms demonstrate the better performance of the improved envelope method.
Core-level spectra of metallic lanthanides: Holmium (Ho)
Authors: Morgan David J.
Published: November 2024

The core-level spectra for the lanthanide metal, holmium, are presented, including the typically unreported Ho 3d peaks. The spectra exhibit multiplet splitting that must be included for accurate quantification of the metallic state. Given the complexity of the spectra due to overlapping Auger structure and background determination, modified sensitivity factors are suggested for some regions, together with recommended background integration limits and shape.
The perceptual distinctiveness of the [n-l] contrast in different vowel and tonal contexts
Authors: Liu Pauline Bolin , Li Mingxing
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the relative perceptual distinction of the [n] vs [l] contrast in different vowel contexts ([_a] vs [_i]) and tonal contexts (high-initial such as HH, HL, vs low-initial such as LL, LH). The results of two speeded AX discrimination experiments indicated that a [n-l] contrast is perceptually more distinct in the [_a] context and with a high-initial tone. The results are consistent with the typology of the [n] vs [l] contrast across Chinese dialects, which is more frequently observed in the [_a] context and with a high-initial tone, supporting a connection between phonological typology and perceptual distinctiveness.
Integer multi-wavelength gradient phase metagrating for perfect refraction: Phase choice freedom in supercell
Authors: Quan Jiaqi , Xu Lin , Fu Yangyang , Gao Lei , Chen Huanyang , Xu Yadong
Published: November 2024

Phase gradient metagratings (PGMs) reshape the impinging wavefront though the interplay between the linear adjacent phase increment inside supercells and the grating diffraction of supercells. However, the adjacent phase increment is elaborately designed by tuning the resonance of each subcell at a certain target frequency, which inevitably confines PGMs to operate only at the single frequency in turn. We notice that there exists a freedom of phase choice with a multi-2π increment in a supercell of PGMs, whereas conventional designs focus on the 2π increment. This freedom can induce a collaborative mechanism of surface impedance matching and multi-wavelength subcells, enabling the design of PGMs at multi-wavelengths. We further design and fabricate a supercell consisting of eight curved pipes to construct the two-wavelengths PGMs. The linear adjacent phase gradient of 0.25π at the fundamental frequency 3430 Hz is achieved, while the almost perfect transmission effect is observed due to the impedance match at the ends of curved pipes. In addition, the transmission field at the double frequency 6860 Hz is measured, whose refraction direction is consistent with that at 3430 Hz. This design strategy originated from phase choice freedom in the supercell and the experimental fabrication might stimulate applications on other multi-wavelength metasurfaces/metagratings.
Should Aspiring Esports Psychologists Train in Esports? Reflections of Trainee Sport and Exercise Psychologists
Authors: Horne George , Burkill Rachel , Agarwal Anjali , Swettenham Laura
Published: November 2024

There is growing demand for psychological support at esport’s highest level of competition. Not only does research suggest that professional esports players are at risk of poor physical and psychological health, but tournament organizers have begun to require teams to provide their player’s psychological support too. Currently, however, psychology practitioners working in esports’ top teams have trained in traditional sports before bringing their skills to esports: this is the training route advised by organizational staff of the teams they work for. In this article, we reflect on our experiences as trainee sport and exercise psychologists working in esports to evaluate whether psychology practitioners aspiring to work at esports’ highest level should first train in traditional sports, or develop in esports regardless. Our reflexive thematic analysis of our autoethnographic narratives identified themes of opportunity, alienation, and financial and scheduling barriers to working in esports. While we are more pessimistic than established practitioners, we believe our experiences are somewhat typical of sport psychologist trainees, in- or outside of esports. While training within esports has its limitations, we encourage trainees with passion for working in esports to try. We finish by providing grounded recommendations on what has helped us develop as practitioners so far.
Erratum to: Direct Observation of Pinning of Abrikosov Vortices in a Specially Inhomogenious Crystal EuRbFe4As4
Authors: Sidelnikov M. S. , Palnichenko A. V. , Pervakov K. S. , Vlasenko V. A. , Zverkova I. I. , Uspenskaya L. S. , Pudalov V. M. , Vinnikov L. Ya.
Published: November 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364024010016
Approach to neonatal thrombocytopenia
Authors: Dunlop Megan , Fordham Nick , Watts Timothy , Lim Yinru
Published: November 2024

A low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) is a common finding especially in neonates who are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Due to the varied causes that can lead to neonatal thrombocytopenia, assessment and management can be challenging. Having an understanding of the causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia and their natural progression would help guide subsequent management. Therefore, we will be exploring the different circumstances where thrombocytopenia occurs and how to interpret and manage the neonate with thrombocytopenia in this interpretations article.
Deep learning-based normative database of anterior chamber dimensions for angle closure assessment: the Singapore Chinese Eye Study
Authors: Soh Zhi-Da , Tan Mingrui , Lee Zann , Yu Marco , Thakur Sahil , Lavanya Raghavan , Nongpiur Monisha Esther , Xu Xinxing , Koh Victor , Aung Tin , Liu Yong , Cheng Ching-Yu
Published: November 2024

Background/ Aims

The lack of context for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) measurements impedes its clinical utility. We established the normative distribution of anterior chamber depth (ACD), area (ACA) and width (ACW) and lens vault (LV), and applied percentile cut-offs to detect primary angle closure disease (PACD; ≥180° posterior trabecular meshwork occluded).

Methods

We included subjects from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study with ASOCT scans. Eyes with ocular surgery or laser procedures, and ocular trauma were excluded. A deep-learning algorithm was used to obtain Visante ASOCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) measurements. Normative distribution was established using 80% of eyes with open angles. Multivariable logistic regression was performed on 80% open and 80% angle closure eyes. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using 20% open and 20% angle closure eyes.

Results

We included 2157 eyes (1853 open angles; 304 angle closure) for analysis. ACD, ACA and ACW decreased with age and were smaller in females, and vice versa for LV (all p<0.022). ACD 20th percentile and LV 85th percentile had a balanced accuracy of 84.4% and 84.2% in detecting PACD, respectively. When combined, ACD 20th and LV 85th percentile had 88.68% sensitivity and 88.85% specificity in detecting PACD as compared with a multivariable regression model (ACA, angle opening distance, LV, iris area) with 88.33% sensitivity and 83.75% specificity.

Conclusion

Anterior chamber parameters varied with age and gender. The ACD 20th and LV 85th percentile values may be used in silos or in combination to detect PACD in the absence of more sophisticated classification algorithms.
Exploring the feasibility of a culturally tailored infant nutrition intervention: a qualitative study of perspectives from community facilitators and attendees in a pilot randomised controlled trial – Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) in East London
Authors: Manikam Logan , Patil Priyanka , Bello Ummi , Chakraborty Subarna , Fujita Sumire , Drazdzewska Joanna , Oyebode Oyinlola , Llewellyn Claire , Webbmartin Kelley , Irish Carol , Archibong Mfon , Gilmour Jenny , Kalungi Phoebe , Batura Neha , Conway Rana , Lakhanpaul Monica , Heys Michelle
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Appropriate and healthy feeding practices can enhance a child’s health, prevent obesity and reduce chronic metabolic disease risks. Given the ethnic variations in feeding practices and metabolic risk, interventions must be community specific. Culturally tailored grassroots interventions targeting infant feeding can induce behavioural changes, mitigating chronic metabolic disease risks in later life.

The aim of this study was to explore participant feedback and inform intervention delivery methods within marginalised communities.

Methods

A pilot three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in the Tower Hamlets and Newham boroughs of London, involving community participatory learning and action groups. The study recruited 186 South Asian (Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Sri Lankan) mothers or carers of children aged 0–2 years. Participants in intervention arms were invited to either face to face or online intervention arms, facilitated by trained multilingual community facilitators (CFs), offering culturally informed discussions on child nutrition and care practices. The qualitative study was embedded within this trial, collecting feedback through interviews and focus groups. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes, focusing on intervention fidelity and acceptance.

Results

Of the initial attendees, 42 (from the remaining 153 at the study’s conclusion) and 9 CFs offered feedback on the intervention’s delivery and suggestions for enhancing community-based interventions’ success. Key findings highlighted the need for a more flexible approach to boost participation and the significance of providing accessible, translated documents and resources. Participants expressed a strong preference for a hybrid model of intervention delivery, combining face-to-face and online sessions to accommodate diverse needs.

Conclusion

Parenting interventions, particularly for new mothers, may engage more of the target population by adopting a hybrid design. This would provide attendees with the flexibility to select the delivery method, session timings and the option to participate at any stage of the intervention. The study underscores the importance of cultural tailoring and flexible delivery methods in enhancing participation and engagement in community-based health interventions.
Pharmacological activation of STAT1-GSDME pyroptotic circuitry reinforces epigenetic immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tu Yalin , Wu Haoran , Zhong Chengpeng , Liu Yan , Xiong Zhewen , Chen Siyun , Wang Jing , Wong Patrick Pak-Chun , Yang Weiqin , Liang Zhixian , Lu Jiahuan , Chen Shufen , Zhang Lingyun , Feng Yu , Si-Tou Willis Wai-Yiu , Yin Baoyi , Lin Yingnan , Liang Jianxin , Liang Liying , Vong Joaquim S L , Ren Weida , Kwong Tsz Tung , Leung Howard , To Ka Fai , Ma Stephanie , Tong Man , Sun Hanyong , Xia Qiang , Zhou Jingying , Kerr David , La Thangue Nick , Sung Joseph J Y , Chan Stephen Lam , Cheng Alfred Sze-Lok
Published: November 2024

Background

Genomic screening uncovered interferon-gamma (IFNγ) pathway defects in tumours refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, its non-mutational regulation and reversibility for therapeutic development remain less understood.

Objective

We aimed to identify ICB resistance-associated druggable histone deacetylases (HDACs) and develop a readily translatable combination approach for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Design

We correlated the prognostic outcomes of HCC patients from a pembrolizumab trial (NCT03419481) with tumourous cell expressions of all HDAC isoforms by single-cell RNA sequencing. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of selective HDAC inhibition in 4 ICB-resistant orthotopic and spontaneous models using immune profiling, single-cell multiomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and verified by genetic modulations and co-culture systems.

Results

HCC patients showing higherHDAC1/2/3expressions exhibited deficient IFNγ signalling and poorer survival on ICB therapy. Transient treatment of a selective class-I HDAC inhibitor CXD101 resensitised HDAC1/2/3hightumours to ICB therapies, resulting in CD8+T cell-dependent antitumour and memory T cell responses. Mechanistically, CXD101 synergised with ICB to stimulate STAT1-driven antitumour immunity through enhanced chromatin accessibility and H3K27 hyperacetylation of IFNγ-responsive genes. Intratumoural recruitment of IFNγ+GZMB+cytotoxic lymphocytes further promoted cleavage of CXD101-induced Gasdermin E (GSDME) to trigger pyroptosis in a STAT1-dependent manner. Notably, deletion of GSDME mimicked STAT1 knockout in abolishing the antitumour efficacy and survival benefit of CXD101-ICB combination therapy by thwarting both pyroptotic and IFNγ responses.

Conclusion

Our immunoepigenetic strategy harnesses IFNγ-mediated network to augment the cancer-immunity cycle, revealing a self-reinforcing STAT1-GSDME pyroptotic circuitry as the mechanistic basis for an ongoing phase-II trial to tackle ICB resistance (NCT05873244).
UAV and panoramic photography: innovating soil and water conservation infrastructure monitoring and management
Authors: Pan Nai-Hsin , Chang Hui-Chun , Chen Kuei-Yen
Published: November 2024

Soil and water conservation structures are vital for environmental resilience but present maintenance challenges due to their wide distribution and remote locations. To tackle these issues, a method using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combined with 360 degree photography was developed. UAVs captured images that were processed into panoramic and 3D models, enabling precise inspections of structural damage. These models were integrated into the disaster environment review and update (DER&U) rating system, enhanced by a fuzzy inference classification mechanism for improved damage estimation. Additionally, a management platform was created to boost overall efficiency and provide decision-making support for relevant authorities. The UAV-assisted inspection method demonstrated promising results, though certain limitations were also noted.
Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in southwestern Ontario
Authors: Chahal Inderjot , Peng Yajun , Hooker David C. , Van Eerd Laura L.
Published: November 2024

Conservation tillage and crop rotation diversification have been promoted to increase soil C and N storage; however, the interactive effects of tillage and crop rotation on soil C and N dynamics remain contradictory. Using a long-term (24 years) experiment established at a clay loam site (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, the interactive effects of five crop rotations and two tillage systems were tested on soil organic C (SOC) and total N storage in soil depth increments and in the full soil profile (0–0.6 m) in 2019. While crop rotation influenced SOC and total N concentration in top 0.2 m, these effects were minimized when storage was expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis. Over the 0–0.6 m depth, no-tillage had 24 Mg SOC ha−1 and 4.7 Mg total N ha−1 greater content, respectively, than conventional tillage, supporting the value of no-tillage on increasing soil C and N in the long-term. Interestingly, no interactive effects of crop rotation and tillage on soil C and N storage in 0–0.6 m were observed. While the type of crop species and amount of C and N inputs under different crop rotations are important variables impacting the soil C and N storage, our results suggest that the crop rotation diversity was not a major driver of soil C and N in this study. Future mechanistic investigations exploring the persistence and linkage of soil C and N with crop rotation diversity in the tested production systems are needed.
Thermal chaos of quantum-corrected-AdS black hole in the extended phase space
Authors: You Lei , Wang Rui-Bo , Tang Yu-Cheng , Deng Jian-Bo , Hu Xian-Ru
Published: November 2024

We briefly analyzed the equation of state and critical points of the quantum-corrected-AdS black hole and used the Melnikov method to study its thermal chaotic behavior in the extended phase space of flat, closed, and open universes. The results show that the black hole’s thermodynamic behavior is similar to that of the Van der Waals system. Although the critical ratios at the critical points in the three types of universes differ, they are all independent of the quantum correction parameter. Only an open universe can attain the critical ratio of $$\frac{3}{8}$$

3
8

corresponding to the Van der Waals system, while in the other two universes, the critical ratio is always greater than this value. For chaos, time perturbations will lead to chaotic behavior when their amplitude exceeds a critical value that depends on the quantum correction parameter and the radius of the dust sphere in the FRW model. Based on this, we found that the chaotic behavior of the black hole varies across different universes depending on the quantum correction parameter, but this parameter always makes chaos more likely. Using the value of the quantum correction parameter determined by Meissner, chaos is always more difficult to occur in an open universe compared to the other two types of universes. Which universe is most prone to chaos depends on the radius of the dust sphere. Finally, chaotic behavior is always present under spatial perturbations.
Local univalence versus stability and causality in hydrodynamic models
Authors: Heydari Roya , Taghinavaz Farid
Published: November 2024

Our primary goal is to compare the analytic properties of hydrodynamic series with the stability and causality conditions applied to hydrodynamic modes. Analyticity, in this context, serves as a necessary condition for hydrodynamic series to behave as a univalent function. Stability and causality adhere to physical constraints, ensuring that hydrodynamic modes neither exhibit exponential growth nor travel faster than the speed of light. Through an examination of various hydrodynamic models, such as the Müller–Israel–Stewart (MIS) and the first-order hydro models like the BDNK (Bemfica–Disconzi–Noronha–Kovtun) model, we observe no new restrictions stemming from the univalence limits in the shear channels. However, local univalence is maintained in the sound channel of these models despite the global divergence of the hydrodynamic series. Notably, differences in the sound equations between the MIS and BDNK models lead to distinct limits. The MIS model’s sound mode remains univalent at high momenta within a specific transport range. Conversely, in the BDNK model, the univalence of the sound mode extends to intermediate momenta across all stable and causal regions. Generally, the convergence radius is independent of univalence, and the given dispersion relation predominantly influences their correlation. For second-order frequency dispersions, the relationship is precise; i.e., within the convergence radius, the hydro series demonstrates univalence. However, with higher-order dispersions, the hydro series is locally univalent within certain transport regions, which may fall within or outside the stable and causal zones.
Influence of GUP corrected Casimir energy on zero tidal force wormholes in modified teleparallel gravity with matter coupling
Authors: Rizwan Mohammed Muzakkir , Hassan Zinnat , Sahoo P. K. , Övgün Ali
Published: November 2024

In recent times, the study of the Casimir effect in quantum field theory has garnered increasing attention because of its potential to be an ideal source of exotic matter needed for stabilizing traversable wormholes. It has been confirmed through experimental evidence that this phenomenon involves fluctuations in the vacuum field, leading to a negative energy density. Motivated by the above, we have investigated Casimir wormholes with corrections from the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) within the framework of matter-coupled teleparallel gravity. Our analysis includes three well-known GUP models: the Kempf, Mangano, and Mann (KMM) model, the Detournay, Gabriel, and Spindel (DGS) model, and a third model called Model II. For a broader analysis, we have considered two well-known model functions for the teleparallel theory: a linear $$f(T,\mathcal {T})=\alpha T+\beta \mathcal {T}$$

f
(
T
,
T
)
=
α
T
+
β
T

and a quadratic model $$f(T,\mathcal {T})=\eta T^2+\chi \mathcal {T}$$

f

(
T
,
T
)

=
η

T
2

+
χ
T

. The shape function solutions corresponding to both models are examined in the absence of tidal forces in spacetime. We also demonstrate the crucial role played by the parameters of the $$f(T,\mathcal {T})$$

f
(
T
,
T
)

models in the violation of the energy conditions. With the increasing interest in detecting gravitational waves from astrophysical objects, we have thoroughly discussed the perturbation of the wormhole solutions in the scalar, electromagnetic, axial gravitational, and Dirac field backgrounds. We employ the 3rd order WKB expansion to find the complex frequencies associated with the quasinormal modes of energy dissipation. Additionally, we also calculate the active mass and total gravitational energy for the wormhole geometry. The amount of exotic matter involved in sustaining these wormholes is also found in this paper. Furthermore, the physical stability of such Casimir wormholes is examined using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation.
Adaptive Rumor Suppression on Social Networks: A Multi-Round Hybrid Approach
Authors: He Qiang , Zhang Zelin , Bi Tingting , Fang Hui , Yi Xiushuang , Yu Keping
Published: November 2024

Rumor suppression is targeted at diminishing the impact of false and negative information within social networks by decreasing the prevalence of belief in such rumors among individuals, utilizing diverse strategies. Previous studies have broadly delineated rumor suppression strategies into two primary categories: targeting key nodes or edges for obstruction, and enlisting high-influence nodes to disseminate truth-related accurate information. Traditionally, employing a singular strategy involves utilizing a static algorithm throughout the rumor suppression endeavor. This method, however, encounters difficulties in adapting to fluctuating external conditions, rendering it less efficacious in the management of rumor proliferation. In response to these challenges, we introduce the concept of Adaptive Rumor Suppression (ARS), which aims to dynamically counter rumors by taking into account the nuances of propagation dynamics and the surrounding environmental context. We propose a multi-label state transition linear threshold model to more closely mirror the complex process of information diffusion across social networks. Furthermore, we advocate for a multi-round hybrid strategy that amalgamates blocking and clarification tactics to address the ARS problem within the confines of limited resource allocations. To navigate the complexities of ARS, we introduce the Hybrid Strategy of Each Round (HS-R) algorithm, which synergizes multiple strategies to effectively counter the spread of rumors. In extension, we present the Multi-Round Multi-Label (MRML) algorithm, designed to augment the efficiency of the HS-R algorithm. Experimental evaluations conducted on authentic social network datasets illustrate that our methodologies significantly outshine baseline algorithms, offering a more effective and adaptable solution to curb rumor propagation across varied environments.
ATMNet: Adaptive Texture Migration Network for Guided Depth Super-Resolution
Authors: Guo Kehua , Tan Xuyang , Zhu Xiangyuan , Guo Shaojun , Xi Zhipeng
Published: November 2024

Guided depth super-resolution (GDSR) aims to enhance the level of detail in low-resolution depth images by utilizing the information present in the corresponding high-resolution RGB images. While existing methods utilize different approaches to guide the RGB image to the source image, they often ignore the texture similarity between these two images and usually suffer from unsatisfactory outline reconstruction of the depth map. In this article, we introduce an adaptive texture migration network (ATMNet) designed to mine rich feature information from RGB images and migrate them to the depth image. Specifically, we propose a multi-modal feature extractor (MMFE) to extract private and shared features between the depth map and RGB image. In addition, we present a texture migration module (TMM) to remap and fuse the features extracted from the raw image pairs. Last but not least, we develop a weighted adaptive loss to enhance the reconstruction of the edge areas in the depth map. Extensive experiments on public datasets such as Middlebury, NYUv2, and DIML demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art GDSR methods and strikes a remarkable balance between performance and efficiency. The source code is available at
https://github.com/MuggleTan/ATMNet
.
Reference-based In-loop Filter with Robust Neural Feature Transfer for Video Coding
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Lee Jung-Kyung , Kang Je-Won
Published: November 2024

In this article, we propose an efficient reference-based deep in-loop filtering method for video coding. Existing reference-based in-loop filters often face challenges in improving coding efficiency due to the difficulty in capturing relevant textures from the reference frames. Our method accurately predicts the texture of a reference block and uses this information to restore the current block. To achieve this, we develop a reference-to-current feature estimation module that conveys high-quality information from previously coded frames in the feature domain, thereby preventing loss of detail due to inaccurate prediction. Although a neural network is trained to restore a coded video frame to be similar to the current frame, their performance can significantly degrade when operating with various quantization parameters (QPs) and managing different levels of distortion. This problem becomes further severe in the reference-to-current feature estimation, in which QP values are applied differently to video frames. We address this problem by developing a QP-aware convolution layer with a small number of learnable parameters to generate reliable features and adapt to fine-grained adaptive QPs among consecutive frames. The proposed method is implemented into the versatile video coding (VVC) reference software, VTM version 10.0. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves coding performance significantly in VVC.
Hypertension-induced heart failure disrupts cardiac sympathetic innervation
Authors: Scalco Arianna , Lee Ethan N. , Johnson Morgan A. , Sorensen Michelle L. , Hilton Thomas N. , Omonaka Riley K. , Zeimantz Shae , Aicher Sue A. , Woodward William R. , Habecker Beth A.
Published: November 2024

Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension leads to a heart failure phenotype and cardiac sympathetic denervation with the endocardial region of the left ventricle being the most affected. Denervation is accompanied by loss of norepinephrine content in the left ventricle and increased premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) after isoproterenol and caffeine injection. ANG II treatment also causes morphological changes in cardiac-projecting left stellate ganglion neurons.
Resolving Heterogeneity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Individualized Structural Covariance Network Analysis
Authors: Suo Xueling , Pan Nanfang , Chen Li , Li Lingjiang , Kemp Graham J. , Wang Song , Gong Qiyong
Published: November 2024

The heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an obstacle to both understanding and therapy, and this has prompted a search for internally homogeneous neuroradiological subgroups within the broad clinical diagnosis. We set out to do this using the individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN). We constructed cortical thickness‐based IDSCN using T1‐weighted images of 89 individuals with PTSD (mean age 42.8 years, 60 female) and 89 demographically matched trauma‐exposed non‐PTSD (TENP) controls (mean age 43.1 years, 63 female). The IDSCN metric quantifies how the structural covariance edges in a patient differ from those in the controls. We examined the structural diversity of PTSD and variation among subtypes using a hierarchical clustering analysis. PTSD patients exhibited notable diversity in distinct structural covariance edges but mainly affecting three networks: default mode, ventral attention, and sensorimotor. These changes predicted individual PTSD symptom severity. We identified two neuroanatomical subtypes: the one with higher PTSD symptom severity showed lower structural covariance edges in the frontal cortex and between frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex—regions that are functionally implicated in selective attention, response selection, and learning tasks. Thus, deviations in structural covariance in large‐scale networks are common in PTSD but fall into two subtypes. This work sheds light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the clinical heterogeneity and may aid in personalized diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
Identifying Visual Impairment After Acquired Brain Injury—Current Practice, Referrals, and Barriers
Authors: Wehling Eike , Schow Trine , Kristensen Karin Spangsberg , Vikane Eirik , Falkenberg Helle K.
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Visual impairment (VI) is still underdiagnosed in patients with acquired brain injury despite the large impact on daily life activities and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to explore the current practice of identification of VI, management plans, referrals, and experienced barriers in Norwegian hospital settings.

Materials and Methods: An online survey was sent out to leaders (n = 62) in hospitals treating patients with acquired brain injury. Data from 22 items covering routines, interdisciplinary collaboration, assessment tools, protocols, barriers, referral practice, and background information were collected.

Results: Respondents (n = 108) comprised various professions from mainly acute or subacute settings. Visual field deficits, oculomotor dysfunction, and neglect were most commonly but not routinely assessed (53%–57%). Besides medical examination, patient interviews, and observations rather than standardized tests or questionnaires (82% vs.25%) were used. Few workplaces seemed to have interdisciplinary vision teams (13%). Barriers were patient characteristics such as cognitive and language impairment and limited resources. Below half (45%) felt competent in assessing VI or had attended courses on the topic (44%).

Conclusions: The study highlights the need to implement standardized assessment, improve interdisciplinary collaboration, and facilitate training courses to enable hospital staff to assess VI after brain injury. These steps could contribute to improved assessment and management of VI and contribute to overcome the indicated barriers leading to better patient care and outcome.
White Matter Lesion Volumes on 3‐T MRI in People With MS Who Had Followed a Diet and Lifestyle Program for More Than 10 Years
Authors: Jaftha Mariaan , Robertson Frances , van Rensburg Susan J. , Kidd Martin , van Toorn Ronald , Kemp Merlisa C. , Johannes Clint , Moremi Kelebogile E. , Whati Lindiwe , Kotze Maritha J. , Engel-Hills Penelope
Published: November 2024

Background: Cerebral white matter lesion (WML) formation in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is linked to the death of myelin‐producing oligodendrocytes. Current MS treatment strategies focus on limiting WML accumulation and disability. Using a pathology‐supported genetic testing (PSGT) program, we identified specific risk factors for MS, categorized as deficiencies and aggravators. We developed a novel clinical methodology to mitigate these risk factors, including personalized lifestyle interventions and optimization of cerebral nutrients to prevent oligodendrocyte demise and promote remyelination.

Objective: To conduct a pilot case‐control study over a 10‐year period to ascertain whether the PSGT Program can reduce or prevent WML formation in pwMS.

Methods: MRI was performed at baseline as well as after an interval period of at least 10 years or longer in 22 pwMS. WML volumes were determined using Sequence Adaptive Multimodal SEGmentation (SAMSEG) software, part of FreeSurfer 7.2. Other variables included age at MRI, disease duration, disability status, and medication.

Results: PwMS (n = 13) who had followed the PSGT program for more than 10 years, had significantly smaller lesion volumes (mm3) compared to pwMS who did not adhere to the program (n = 9) (4950 ± 5303 vs. 17934 ± 11139; p = 0.002). WML volumes were significantly associated (p = 0.02) with disability (EDSS) but not with age (p = 0.350), disease duration (p = 0.709), or Interferon‐β treatment (p = 0.70).

Conclusion: Dietary and lifestyle changes may lower the risk of developing cerebral WMLs in pwMS and potentially slow disease progression. Larger studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions in pwMS.