bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Korelasi Antara Lingkungan Keluarga Dengan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Di SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bima
Authors: Indah Sulistia , Nurmaya Alya , . Khairunnisa
Published: October 2021

Lingkungan keluarga adalah segala sesuatu yang berada di sekitar individu yang merupakan hubungan dan peranan yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan individu yang mempunyai ikatan- ikatan, baik ikatan perkawinan, darah ataupun adopsi. Kemandirian belajar diartikan sebagai suatu proses belajar yang terjadi pada diri seseorang, dan dalam usahanya untuk mencapai tujuan belajar orang tersebut dituntut untuk aktif secara individu atau tidak tergantung kepada orang lain seperti melakukan kegiatan belajar tanpa disuruh, melakukan kegiatan belajar secara teratur, memiliki jadwal belajar yang telah disusun sendiri, menyelesaikan tugas-tugas sekolah, melakukan diskusi dengan teman sekelas bila ada pelajaran yang. Pendidikan keluarga adalah fundamental atau dasar dari pendidikan anak selanjutnya. Hasil-hasil pendidikan yang diperoleh anak dalam keluarga menentukan pendidikan anak itu selanjutnya, baik sekolah maupun dalam masyarakat. Keluarga merupakan tempat-tempat lain, pendidikan keluarga merupakan dasar dari pendidikan selanjutnya, karena orang tua adalah pendidik kodrati yang mendidik siswa dengan penuh kasih sayang. Judul dalam penelitian ini adalah  Korelasi antara lingkungan keluarga dengan kemandirian belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bima. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yaitu yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dua variabel yaitu Lingkungan keluarga (X) dan Kemandirian belajar siswa (Y). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Untuk pengujian hipotesis digunakan metode statistika dengan rumus korelasi product moment. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 171 orang siswa yang tersebar dari 6 kelas, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 34 orang siswa yang diambil dengan cara acak (Random sampling). Teknik Analisis data adalah Teknik yang di pilih dalam masalah korelasi dua variabel, yang tepat adalah analisis statistika product moment. Dengan bersandar pada hasil analisis data di lapangan yaitu dengan diperolehnya nilai r hitung sebesar 0,763 dikonversikan pada nilai r tabel yang diperoleh dari N= 34 adalah sebesar 0,126 dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar 5%. Dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa nilai r hitung lebih besar dari nilai r tabel (0,763 > 0,126). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa : Ada Korelasi antara lingkungan keluarga dengan kemandirian belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bima.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Teknik Role Playing Untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Bullying Pada Remaja Di Desa Rabakodo
Authors: - Mardiyanti , - Faijin , - Nurhayati
Published: October 2021

Banyak permasalahan yang timbul, salah satunya permasalahan bullying yang terjadi di Desa Rabakodo, Kecamatan Woha, Kabupaten Bima. Permasalahan ini sangat bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang No. 23 tahun 2002 pasal 4 tentang perlindungan anak. Berdasarkan masalah ini, maka tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektivitas penggunaaan teknik role playing untuk mengurangi perilaku bullying pada remaja di Desa Rabakodo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa karena pada saat peneliti akan melakukan penelitian, muncullah wabah covid-19 yang mengakibatkan lingkup pendidikan diliburkan guna untuk menjaga tersebarnya wabah tersebut. Sehingga penelitian ini dialihkan di lingkungan sosial yaitu di Desa Rabakodo, Kecamatan Woha, Kabupaten Bima. Remaja adalah masa peralihan antara masa anak-anak menuju masa dewasa. Dimana masa remaja ini psikologi individu sedang mengalami perubahan baik perubahan yang kearah positif maupun negatif. Pada umumnya masa remaja berada pada proses peralihan dan cenderung memiliki sifat persaingan yang tinggi sehingga perilaku bullying sering terjadi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan teknik role playing untuk mengurangi perilaku bullying pada remaja di Desa Rabakodo. Jumlah subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 7 orang remaja dengan ciri-ciri yang sama yaitu memiliki perilaku bullying. Teknik role playing adalah teknik pembelajaran yang diarahkan kepada remaja untuk bermain peran tentang suatu topik yang sesuai dengan masalah yang akan dibahas. Sedangkan perilaku bullying adalah perilaku agresif yang dilakukan oleh seseorang atau sekelompok orang kepada seorang korban yang tidak mampu mempertahankan dirinya. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian pre-eksperimenone group pretest-posttest design (tes awal-tes akhir kelompok tunggal). Pada penelitian pre-eksperimen, peneliti memberikan perlakuan pada kelompok eksperimen, tetapi sebelumnya diukur atau dites dahulu (pretest) selanjutnya diberikan perlakuan, kemudian diukur atau dites kembali (posttest). Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah teknik purposivesampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar penilaian diri, observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil analisis data menemukan bahwa nilai rata-rata pretest adalah 69,85% sedangkan nilai rata-rata posttest adalah 56,57%. Nilai thitung adalah 2,309% apabila dikonsultasikan dengan nilai ttabel maka nilai ttabel adalah 1,943%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai thitung lebih besar daripada nilaittabel. Maka hal itu bermakna bahwa hipotesis nol (H0) yang berbunyi penggunaan teknik role playing tidak efektif untuk mengurangi perilaku bullying pada remaja, ditolak. Sedangkan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) yang berbunyi penggunaan teknik role playing efektif untuk mengurangi perilaku bullying pada remaja, diterima.
Analisis Permasalahan Konselor Sekolah Dalam Penyelenggaraan Layanan Bimbingan Dan Konseling
Authors: Faijin Faijin , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: October 2021

Memiliki pemahaman konsep dasar konselor dengan baik berimplikasi pada kemampuan konselor sekolah dalam mengaplikasikan layanan bimbingan dan konseling secara ideal. Kenyataannya yang terjadi dilapangan masih terdapat banyak kekurangan, hal ini pula yang mendesak semua komponen pendidikan khususnya konselor  untuk melakukan usaha perbaikan. Oleh sebab itu peningkatan kompetensi konselor sekolah baik kompetensi keilmuan,kompetensi keahlian,maupun kompetensi perilaku akan mewujudkan pelaksanaan program bimbingan dan konseling secara jelas,terarah dan sistematis.Tujuan peneliitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang hambatan  yang dihadapi konselor sekolah dalam penyelenggaraan layanan bimbingan dan konseling disekolah. Sedangkan manfaat penelitian adalah untuk memberikan kontribusi bagi perguruan tinggi khususnya program bimbingan dan konseling dalam menyeleksi calon mahasiswa dan dinas terkait didalam menyeleksi calon konselor sekolah.Penelitian inidilakukan di sekolah SMA NEGERI 1 LANGGUDU, bersifat non-eksperimen dan jenisnya adalah bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan paradigma kualitatif. Subyek penelitian adalah personel sekolah sebanyak 3 orang, adapun instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman wawancara,observasi dan didukung oleh data dokumentasi. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menentukan jenis data, pengumpulan data, dan pengecekan keabsahan data. Tehnik analisa data yang digunakan adalah tehnik analisa data kualitatif yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Analisis Variasi Pembentukan Verba Dalam Bahasa Bima Dan Kontribusinya Bagi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Sekolah
Authors: Irham Irham
Published: October 2021

Bahasa Bima (Nggahi Mbojo) merupakan bahasa penutur penduduk asli Bima yang menggunakan simbol-simbol sosial berdasarkan stratifikasi sosial dan tingkatan umur. Sebagai bahasa komunikasi sehari-hari, Nggahi Mbojo digunakan sebagai media dalam interaksi sosial, bahasa transaksi dalam dunia perdagangan, maupun bahasa yang digunakan dalam kegiatan sosial-budaya. Sistem dan kaidah pembentukan variasi verba dalam bahasa Bima tidak banyak berbeda dengan pembentukan variasi verba dalam bahasa daerah lainnya atau dalam bahasa Indonesia, tetapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan. Perbedaan ini ditinjau dari pemakaian ragam bahasa yang digunakan oleh penutur bahasa Bima berdasarkan kelas sosialnya dan tingkatan usia sehingga berpengaruh pula pada makna, perilaku, dan bentuk verba dalam kalimat yang diujarkannya. Ditinjau dari segi penggunaannya, bahasa Bima (Nggahi Mbojo) digunakan oleh masyarakat penuturnya berdasarkan ragam bahasa, yaitu: 1) ragam bahasa tinggi (nggahi mangame), yaitu ragam bahasa halus, yang digunakan oleh kelas sosial tertentu kepada kelas sosial lainnya yang lebih tinggi dan tingkatan usia yang lebih muda kepada tingkatan usia yang lebih tua atau dituakan; 2) ragam bahasa rendah (nggahi nginakai), yaitu ragam bahasa sehari-hari, yang digunakan tanpa mengindahkan variasi pilihan kata yang halus, terutama penggunaan variasi kata kerja; dan 3) campur kode, yaitu percampuran ragam bahasa tinggi dan ragam bahasa rendah dalam satu tuturan. Variasi pembentukan verba dalam bahasa Bima berdasarkan pemakaian ragam bahasa Bima dan pendistribusiannya dalam konteks kalimat yang tepat. Pemakaian ragam bahasa Bima yang mengandung variasi pembentukan verba itu terbentuk berdasarkan faktor-faktor:  1) kelas sosial penutur,  2) usia penutur, 3) usia lawan bicara, 4) situasi pembicaraan, 5) tujuan berbicara, dan 6) bahan pembicaraan
Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Biologi Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan LKPD Pokok Bahasan Tulang dan Otot
Authors: Nurfathurrahmah Nurfathurrahmah , Suryani Erni , Nehru Nehru , Olahairullah Olahairullah
Published: October 2021

Penelitian bertujuan melihat perbandingan hasil belajar biologi model problem based learning berbantuan LKPD pada pokok bahasan tulang dan otot. Jenis penelitian yaitu eksperimen Pre-Exsperimental Designs Sampel penelitian kelas VIII-5 SMP Negeri 1 Kota Bima sebanyak 32 Peserta didik didesain secara Intact-Group Comparison. Berdasarkan hasil analisi data menggunakar rumus uji t, dimana nilai t-hitung lebih besar nilai t-tabel (-0,43 ≤ 3,1) atau H0 diterima sedangkan Ha ditolak dapat dinyatakan tidak terdapat perbandingan antara hasil belajar biologi model problem based learning berbantuan LKPD pada pokok bahasan tulang dengan hasil belajar biologi model problem based learning berbantuan LKPD pada pokok bahasan otot. Namun jika dilihat secara spesifik dari nilai rata-rata dan jumlah peserta didik mendapat nilai tertinggi (interval 85 – 100) lebih tinggi pada hasil belajar pokok bahasan otot. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbandingan pencapaian hasil belajarnya
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Group To Group Exchange Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas X SMAN 3 Kota Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Olahairullah Olahairullah
Published: October 2021

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui  implementasi Metode pembelaran group to group exchange untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X SMAN 3 Kota Bima tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X1 SMAN 3 Kota Bima Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 dengan jumlah 31 siswa. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah Penerapan pembelajaran Metode pembelajaran Group to group exchange dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa kelas X1 SMAN 3 Kota Bima tahun pelajaran 2019/2020, hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan rata-rata skor aktivitas siswa yaitu: pada siklus I  kriteria aktivitasnya berkategori cukup dan meningkat pada siklus II dengan kriteria aktivitas siswa sangat baik dan peningkatan hasil belajar dari 19,35% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 90,32% pada siklus II
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran 5E untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Biologi Peserta Didik Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Jayanti Mei Indra
Published: October 2021

Rendahnya kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia yang diketahui melalui data dari tes PISA 2015 merupakan masalah besar yang perlu diselesaikan. Model pembelajaran 5E adalah salah satu model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan paradigma konstruktivisme sehingga siswa dapat membangun pengetahuan mereka sendiri melalui pengalaman langsung selama pembelajaran, dengan begitu keterampilan proses sains peserta didik dapat dibentuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran 5E dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains biologi peserta didik kelas XI SMA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMAN 4 Kota Bima pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah  4 (empat) kelas. Sampel diperoleh melalui teknik simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 2 (dua) kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Data keterampilan proses sains diperoleh dengan menggunakan lembar tes keterampilan proses sains. Analisis data dibantu dengan perangkat lunak SPSS 20 for windows menggunakan uji t. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran 5E dapat mempengaruhi keterampilan proses sains peserta didk kelas XI SMA dengan hasil pengujian menggunakan uji t menunjukkan nilai sig. 0,033 <0,05.
INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DI KECAMATAN WERA KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Azmin Nikman Nikman , Anita rahmawati Anita rahmawati
Published: October 2021

Penggunaan dan pemanfaatan potensi tumbuhan obat tradisional menunjukkan peningkatan, hal ini terbukti dari penggunaan bahan alam di berbagai negara maju mencapai 65% sementara itu diperkirakan ada 9.600 spesies tumbuhan yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh 400 ragam suku yang ada di Indonesia. Pada umumnya masyarakat Kecematan Wera mengetahui khasiat tumbuhan obat tradisional berdasarkan kepercayaan yang mengakar kuat yang diwariskan secara turun temurun. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis jenis tumbuhan obat dan bagian yang di manfaatkan serta khashiat tumbuhan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kombinasi teknik survei lapangan (observasi), teknik wawancara secara mendalam (in depth interview), dan teknik kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deksriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tumbuhan obat tradisional yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat sebanyak 27 jenis tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional
Pengaruh Pemberian Tugas Terstruktur Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas VII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bima
Authors: Fahruddin Fahruddin , Herman Herman , Nasir Muh. , Nehru Nehru
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pemberian tugas terstruktur terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bima tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VII SMPN 11 Kota Bima yang berjumlah 117 peserta didik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik claster sampling. Kelas VIIA sebanyak 28 orang sebagai kelompok eksperimen menggunakan metode pemberian tugas terstruktur dan kelas VIIB sebanyak 28 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol tidak menggunakan menggunakan metode ceramah. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian Quasi Experiment  melalui dengan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes uraian dan lembar observasi. Tehnik analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode pemberian tugas terstruktur terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas VII SMPN 11 Kota Bima tahun pelajaran 2019/2020,  dengan nilai t-hitung 3,41 < t-tabel 2,052
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Mukhsin Zainuddin , Fikri Buana Bima , Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karywawan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan Hotel Marina Kota Bima  sebanyak 53 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode kuesioner (angket) dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskripsi persentase dan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh persamaan regresi linier sederhana Ŷ= 23,857 + 0,94 X. Dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil uji Hipotesis secara parsial (uji t) diperoleh t hitung dari variabel lingkungan kerja sebanyak 2.207 dimana probabilitas lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka hipotesis diterima. Koefisien determinasi (Adjusted R2) sebesar 0,376, hal ini berarti 37,6% kinerja karyawan Hotel Marina Kota Bima  dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan kerja. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa lingkungan kerja masuk dalam kategori baik, dan kinerja karyawan Hotel Marina Kota Bima masuk dalam kategori baik. Lingkungan kerja memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi sebesar 8,88%.
How schools contribute to keeping students on track: Narratives from vulnerable students in vocational education and training
Authors: Schmid Evi , Jørstad Beate , Stokke Nordlie Gøril
Published: October 2021

This article examines characteristics, practices and conditions within schools that enable vulnerable students to succeed in school. Research suggests that factors related to structure, educational organisation or the climate within schools may play a part in either pushing out or holding on to students whose personal characteristics may put them at risk of dropping out. The study is based on 25 qualitative interviews with students in the second year of vocational education and training. All the students had a low grade point average from lower secondary school, and the majority had an immigrant background from Africa or Asia. The analysis shows that practice-oriented learning from authentic work tasks provided meaningful connections between schoolwork and students’ career choices and opportunities to experience success and mastery. Furthermore, positive expectations and the active support of teachers as well as mutual motivation and support among classmates contributed to students’ sense of belonging at school. The study discusses the importance of schools supporting less school-oriented young people in connecting and identifying with school, both with the social environment and with the educational content and learning methods.
Bioluminescent Sensors for Ca++ Flux Imaging and the Introduction of a New Intensity-Based Ca++ Sensor
Authors: Yang Jie , Johnson Carl Hirschie
Published: October 2021

Sensitive detection of biological events is a goal for the design and characterization of sensors that can be used in vitro and in vivo. One important second messenger is Ca++ which has been a focus of using genetically encoded Ca++ indicators (GECIs) within living cells or intact organisms in vivo. An ideal GECI would exhibit high signal intensity, excellent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), rapid kinetics, a large dynamic range within relevant physiological conditions, and red-shifted emission. Most available GECIs are based on fluorescence, but bioluminescent GECIs have potential advantages in terms of avoiding tissue autofluorescence, phototoxicity, photobleaching, and spectral overlap, as well as enhancing SNR. Here, we summarize current progress in the development of bioluminescent GECIs and introduce a new and previously unpublished biosensor. Because these biosensors require a substrate, we also describe the pros and cons of various substrates used with these sensors. The novel GECI that is introduced here is called CalBiT, and it is a Ca++ indicator based on the functional complementation of NanoBiT which shows a high dynamic change in response to Ca++ fluxes. Here, we use CalBiT for the detection of Ca++ fluctuations in cultured cells, including its ability for real-time imaging in living cells.
Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Bacterial Eradication Using a Nanowire Nanocomposite of Graphene Nanoribbons and Chitosan-Coated Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Ming , Gan Hui-Qi , Chen Guo-Rong , James Tony D , Zhang Bin , Hu Qiang , Xu Fugui , Hu Xi-Le , He Xiao-Peng , Mai Yiyong
Published: October 2021

Bacterial infection is a major threat to human health. However, many antibacterial agents currently used are severely limited due to drug-resistance, and the development of side effects. Herein, we have developed a non-antibiotic nanocomposite consisting of chitosan (ChS) coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene nanoribbon (GNR)-based nanowires for light-triggered eradication of bacteria. The presence of AgNP/ChS significantly enhanced the interactions of the GNR nanowires with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a clinically common Gram-negative bacterium. Which enables the highly effective photothermal eradication of bacteria by GNR upon near-infrared light irradiation. The nanocomposite was shown to be applicable for the light-triggered eradication of bacterial biofilms and the inhibition of bacterial growth on medical patches used for abdominal-wall hernia surgery.
Streptococcus gallolyticus Increases Expression and Activity of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent CYP1 Biotransformation Capacity in Colorectal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Taddese Rahwa , Roelofs Rian , Draper Derk , Wu Xinqun , Wu Shaoguang , Swinkels Dorine W. , Tjalsma Harold , Boleij Annemarie
Published: October 2021

Objective

The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus is one of the few intestinal bacteria that has been consistently linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify novel S. gallolyticus-induced pathways in colon epithelial cells that could further explain how S. gallolyticus contributes to CRC development.

Design and Results

Transcription profiling of in vitro cultured CRC cells that were exposed to S. gallolyticus revealed the specific induction of oxidoreductase pathways. Most prominently, CYP1A and ALDH1 genes that encode phase I biotransformation enzymes were responsible for the detoxification or bio-activation of toxic compounds. A common feature is that these enzymes are induced through the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using the specific inhibitor CH223191, we showed that the induction of CYP1A was dependent on the AhR both in vitro using multiple CRC cell lines as in vivo using wild-type C57bl6 mice colonized with S. gallolyticus. Furthermore, we showed that CYP1 could also be induced by other intestinal bacteria and that a yet unidentified diffusible factor from the S. galloltyicus secretome (SGS) induces CYP1A enzyme activity in an AhR-dependent manner. Importantly, priming CRC cells with SGS increased the DNA damaging effect of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene.

Conclusion

This study shows that gut bacteria have the potential to modulate the expression of biotransformation pathways in colonic epithelial cells in an AhR-dependent manner. This offers a novel theory on the contribution of intestinal bacteria to the etiology of CRC by modifying the capacity of intestinal epithelial or (pre-)cancerous cells to (de)toxify dietary components, which could alter intestinal susceptibility to DNA damaging events.
Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1-Like 1 (VKORC1L1) Inhibition Induces a Proliferative and Pro-inflammatory Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype
Authors: Aksoy Adem , Al Zaidi Muntadher , Repges Elena , Becher Marc Ulrich , Müller Cornelius , Oldenburg Johannes , Zimmer Sebastian , Nickenig Georg , Tiyerili Vedat
Published: October 2021

Background: Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are known to promote adverse cardiovascular remodeling. Contrarily, vitamin K supplementation has been discussed to decelerate cardiovascular disease. The recently described VKOR-isoenzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like 1 (VKORC1L1) is involved in vitamin K maintenance and exerts antioxidant properties. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of VKORC1L1 in neointima formation and on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function.

Methods and Results: Treatment of wild-type mice with Warfarin, a well-known VKA, increased maladaptive neointima formation after carotid artery injury. This was accompanied by reduced vascular mRNA expression of VKORC1L1. In vitro, Warfarin was found to reduce VKORC1L1 mRNA expression in VSMC. VKORC1L1-downregulation by siRNA promoted viability, migration and formation of reactive oxygen species. VKORC1L1 knockdown further increased expression of key markers of vascular inflammation (NFκB, IL-6). Additionally, downregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane resident VKORC1L1 increased expression of the main ER Stress moderator, glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78). Moreover, treatment with the ER Stress inducer tunicamycin promoted VKORC1L1, but not VKORC1 expression. Finally, we sought to investigate, if treatment with vitamin K can exert protective properties on VSMC. Thus, we examined effects of menaquinone-7 (MK7) on VSMC phenotype switch. MK7 treatment dose-dependently alleviated PDGF-induced proliferation and migration. In addition, we detected a reduction in expression of inflammatory and ER Stress markers.

Conclusion: VKA treatment promotes neointima formation after carotid wire injury. In addition, VKA treatment reduces aortal VKORC1L1 mRNA expression. VKORC1L1 inhibition contributes to an adverse VSMC phenotype, while MK7 restores VSMC function. Thus, MK7 supplementation might be a feasible therapeutic option to modulate vitamin K- and VKORC1L1-mediated vasculoprotection.
Association of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Levels With the Prognosis of Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wei Jiajie , Zhou Yingsheng
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To investigate the impact of TSH levels using a more stringent cutoff of subclinical hypothyroidism (i.e., TSH > 2.5 mIU/L) on the short-term complications and long-term prognosis in patients who underwent heart transplantation (HTx).

Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) who underwent HTx. They were divided into three groups: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ≤ 2.50 mIU/L (L-TSH), 2.50 < TSH ≤ 4.91 mIU/L (M-TSH), and TSH > 4.91 mIU/L (H-TSH). The outcomes are all-cause death and cardiogenic death.

Results: There are 63 (70%) males and 27 (30%) females. Nine (10%) patients died within 1 month after surgery, including five cardiogenic deaths. By 1 year, a total of 19 patients total were dead. The survival rate in the M-TSH group was significantly higher than that of the L-TSH group (P = 0.017). After adjusted by variables of sex, age, BMI, diabetes history, hypertension history, the multivariable Cox analysis showed that body mass index (HR = 0.804, 95%CI: 0.680–0.951, P = 0.011), and L-TSH (HR = 8.757, 95%CI: 1.786–42.948, P = 0.007 vs. M-TSH), and H-TSH (HR = 6.427, 95%CI: 1.137–36.327, P = 0.035 vs. M-TSH) were independently associated with all-cause death. The multivariable Cox analysis showed that body mass index (HR = 0.703, 95%CI: 0.564–0.878, P = 0.002), and L-TSH (HR = 17.717, 95%CI: 1.907–164.607, P = 0.011 vs. M-TSH) were independently associated with cardiogenic death.

Conclusion: For patients with end-stage HF undergoing HTx, low and high baseline TSH levels are independently associated with 1-year all-cause death and low baseline TSH levels with cardiogenic death.
Methane in Lakes: Variability in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition and the Potential Importance of Groundwater Input
Authors: Schenk Jonathan , Sawakuchi Henrique O. , Sieczko Anna K. , Pajala Gustav , Rudberg David , Hagberg Emelie , Fors Kjell , Laudon Hjalmar , Karlsson Jan , Bastviken David
Published: October 2021

Methane (CH4) is an important component of the carbon (C) cycling in lakes. CH4 production enables carbon in sediments to be either reintroduced to the food web via CH4 oxidation or emitted as a greenhouse gas making lakes one of the largest natural sources of atmospheric CH4. Large stable carbon isotopic fractionation during CH4 oxidation makes changes in 13C:12C ratio (δ13C) a powerful and widely used tool to determine the extent to which lake CH4 is oxidized, rather than emitted. This relies on correct δ13C values of original CH4 sources, the variability of which has rarely been investigated systematically in lakes. In this study, we measured δ13C in CH4 bubbles in littoral sediments and in CH4 dissolved in the anoxic hypolimnion of six boreal lakes with different characteristics. The results indicate that δ13C of CH4 sources is consistently higher (less 13C depletion) in littoral sediments than in deep waters across boreal and subarctic lakes. Variability in organic matter substrates across depths is a potential explanation. In one of the studied lakes available data from nearby soils showed correspondence between δ13C-CH4 in groundwater and deep lake water, and input from the catchment of CH4via groundwater exceeded atmospheric CH4 emissions tenfold over a period of 1 month. It indicates that lateral hydrological transport of CH4 can explain the observed δ13C-CH4 patterns and be important for lake CH4 cycling. Our results have important consequences for modelling and process assessments relative to lake CH4 using δ13C, including for CH4 oxidation, which is a key regulator of lake CH4 emissions.
A Genetic Algorithm–Assisted Deep Neural Network Model for Merging Microwave and Infrared Daily Sea Surface Temperature Products
Authors: Xiao Changjiang , Hu Chuli , Chen Nengcheng , Zhang Xiang , Chen Zeqiang , Tong Xiaohua
Published: October 2021

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important factor in the global ocean–atmosphere system, being vital in a variety of climate analyses and air–sea interaction research studies. However, estimating daily SST with both high precision and high spatial completeness remains a challenge. This article attempts to solve this problem by merging two complementary daily SST products, that is, the 25 km-resolution Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) SST and 4 km-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SST, using a genetic algorithm–assisted deep neural network model (GA-DNNM). The merged SST with a spatial resolution of 4 km and a temporal resolution of 1 day is achieved. Experiments in the Asia and Indo-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) region in 2005 were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method. Results showed that the spatial coverages of the original MODIS SST and AMSR-E SST are ranging from 25.0 to 48.1%, and 31.5 to 47.6%, respectively, while the merged SST achieves a spatial coverage ranging from 56.1 to 73.1%, with improvements ranging from 50.2 to 131.7% relative to the original MODIS SST. Comparisons with drifting buoy observations indicate that the merged SST is accurate, with an average bias of 0.006°C and an average RMSE of 0.502°C, in places where the MODIS SST data are missing before being merged in the AIPO area, and with an average bias of −0.082 °C, and an average RMSE of 0.603°C for the merged SST in the whole study area.
Invigorating Prescribed Fire Science Through Improved Reporting Practices
Authors: Bonner Sophie R. , Hoffman Chad M. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Varner J. Morgan , Hiers J. Kevin , O’Brien Joseph J. , Rickard Heather D. , Tinkham Wade T. , Linn Rodman R. , Skowronski Nicholas , Parsons Russell A. , Sieg Carolyn H.
Published: October 2021

Interest in prescribed fire science has grown over the past few decades due to the increasing application of prescribed fire by managers to mitigate wildfire hazards, restore biodiversity, and improve ecosystem resilience. Numerous ecological disciplines use prescribed fire experiments to provide land managers with evidence-based information to support prescribed fire management. Documenting variation in the context and conditions during prescribed fire experimental treatments is critical for management inference, but inconsistencies in reporting critical experimental details can complicate interpretation. Such details are needed to provide ecological and empirical context for data, facilitate experimental replication, enable meta-analyses, and maximize utility for other scientists and practitioners. To evaluate reporting quality in the recent literature, we reviewed 219 prescribed fire experiments from 16 countries published in 11 refereed journals over the last 5 years. Our results suggest substantial shortcomings in the reporting of critical data that compromise the utility of this research. Few studies had specific information on burning conditions such as fuel moisture (22%), quantitative fuel loads (36%), fire weather (53%), and fire behavior (30%). Further, our analysis revealed that 63% of the studies provided precise coordinates for their study area, while 30% of studies indicated the prescribed fire date. Only 54% of the studies provided descriptions of the ignition characteristics. Given these common deficiencies, we suggest minimum reporting standards for future prescribed fire experiments. These standards could be applied to journal author guidelines, directed to researchers and reviewers by the editor, and promoted in the education of fire ecologists. Establishing reporting standards will increase the quality, applicability, and reproducibility of prescribed fire science, facilitate future research syntheses, and foster actionable science.
The Host Response to Viral Infections Reveals Common and Virus-Specific Signatures in the Peripheral Blood
Authors: Tsalik Ephraim L. , Fiorino Cassandra , Aqeel Ammara , Liu Yiling , Henao Ricardo , Ko Emily R. , Burke Thomas W. , Reller Megan E. , Bodinayake Champica K. , Nagahawatte Ajith , Arachchi Wasantha K. , Devasiri Vasantha , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , McClain Micah T. , Woods Christopher W. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Tillekeratne L. Gayani , Schughart Klaus
Published: October 2021

Viruses cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease, the majority being acute respiratory infections (ARI). In most cases, ARI symptoms are similar for different viruses although severity can be variable. The objective of this study was to understand the shared and unique elements of the host transcriptional response to different viral pathogens. We identified 162 subjects in the US and Sri Lanka with infections due to influenza, enterovirus/rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, dengue virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus, or adenovirus. Our dataset allowed us to identify common pathways at the molecular level as well as virus-specific differences in the host immune response. Conserved elements of the host response to these viral infections highlighted the importance of interferon pathway activation. However, the magnitude of the responses varied between pathogens. We also identified virus-specific responses to influenza, enterovirus/rhinovirus, and dengue infections. Influenza-specific differentially expressed genes (DEG) revealed up-regulation of pathways related to viral defense and down-regulation of pathways related to T cell and neutrophil responses. Functional analysis of entero/rhinovirus-specific DEGs revealed up-regulation of pathways for neutrophil activation, negative regulation of immune response, and p38MAPK cascade and down-regulation of virus defenses and complement activation. Functional analysis of dengue-specific up-regulated DEGs showed enrichment of pathways for DNA replication and cell division whereas down-regulated DEGs were mainly associated with erythrocyte and myeloid cell homeostasis, reactive oxygen and peroxide metabolic processes. In conclusion, our study will contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms to viral infections in humans and the identification of biomarkers to distinguish different types of viral infections.
Surfactant Proteins A/D–CD14 on Alveolar Macrophages Is a Common Pathway Associated With Phagocytosis of Nanomaterials and Cytokine Production
Authors: Wang Qiqi , Wang Qiong , Zhao Ziyue , Fan Jingbo , Qin Linghan , Alexander David B. , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Zhao Dahai , Xu Jiegou
Published: October 2021

Alveolar macrophages are responsible for clearance of airborne dust and pathogens. How they recognize and phagocytose a variety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with different properties is an important issue for safety assessment of ENMs. Surfactant-associated proteins, specifically existing in the pulmonary surfactant, are important opsonins for phagocytosis of airborne microorganisms. The purposes of the current study are to understand whether opsonization of ENMs by surfactant-associated proteins promotes phagocytosis of ENMs and cytokine production, and to determine whether a common pathway for phagocytosis of ENMs with different properties exists. For these purposes, four ENMs, MWCNT-7, TiO2, SiO2, and fullerene C60, with different shapes, sizes, chemical compositions, and surface reactivities, were chosen for this study. Short-term pulmonary exposure to MWCNT-7, TiO2, SiO2, and C60 induced inflammation in the rat lung, and most of the administered ENMs were phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. The ENMs were phagocytosed by isolated primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro, and phagocytosis was enhanced by rat bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), suggesting that proteins in the BALF were associated with phagocytosis. Analysis of proteins bound to the 4 ENMs by LC/MS indicated that surfactant-associated proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) were common binding proteins for all the 4 ENMs. Both BALF and SP-A, but not SP-D, enhanced TNF-α production by MWCNT-7 treated PAMs; BALF, SP-A, and SP-D increased IL-1β production in TiO2 and SiO2 treated PAMs; and BALF, SP-A, and SP-D enhanced IL-6 production in C60 treated PAMs. Knockdown of CD14, a receptor for SP-A/D, significantly reduced phagocytosis of ENMs and SP-A-enhanced cytokine production by PAMs. These results indicate that SP-A/D can opsonize all the test ENMs and enhance phagocytosis of the ENMs by alveolar macrophages through CD14, suggesting that SP-A/D-CD14 is a common pathway mediating phagocytosis of ENMs. Cytokine production induced by ENMs, however, is dependent on the type of ENM that is phagocytosed. Our results demonstrate a dual role for surfactant proteins as opsonins for both microbes and for inhaled dusts and fibers, including ENMs, allowing macrophages to recognize and remove the vast majority of these particles, thereby, greatly lessening their toxicity in the lung.
Prognostic Role and Diagnostic Power of Seven Indicators in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ding Lili , Zhang Wanwan , Zhang Fengling , Huang Chaoqun , Yang Ming , Tang Zhouping , Li Yongwu , Mi Jun , Zhong Weimin
Published: October 2021

The prognostic role and diagnostic ability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease indicators are not elucidated, thus, the current study aimed to investigate the prognostic role and diagnostic ability of several COVID-19 disease indicators including the levels of oxygen saturation, leukocytes, lymphocytes, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer in patients with COVID-19. The levels of oxygen saturation, lymphocytes, and albumin were significantly higher in the common and severe clinical type patients compared with those in critical type patients. However, levels of leukocytes, CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer were significantly lower in the common and severe type patients compared with those in critical type patients (P < 0.001). Moreover, the current study demonstrated that the seven indicators have good diagnostic and prognostic powers in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, a two-indicator (CRP and D-dimer) prognostic signature in training and testing datasets was constructed and validated to better understand the prognostic role of the indicators in COVID-19 patients. The patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median-risk scores. The findings of the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis indicated a significant divergence between the high-risk and low-risk groups. The findings of the receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis indicated the good performance of the signature in the prognosis prediction of COVID-19. In addition, a nomogram was constructed to assist clinicians in developing clinical decision-making for COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, the findings of the current study demonstrated that the seven indicators are potential diagnostic markers for COVID-19 and a two-indicator prognostic signature identification may improve clinical management for COVID-19 patients.
Clinical Manifestations of Alport Syndrome-Diffuse Leiomyomatosis Patients With Contiguous Gene Deletions in COL4A6 and COL4A5
Authors: Zhou Xi , Wang Jingjing , Mao Jianhua , Ye Qing
Published: October 2021

Alport syndrome-diffuse leiomyomatosis is a rare type of X-linked Alport syndrome resulting from contiguous deletions of 5′ exons of COL4A5 and COL4A6. Studies have suggested that the occurrence of diffuse leiomyomatosis is associated with the characteristic localisation of the COL4A6 gene deletion break point. An electronic database was searched for all studies accessing AS-DL to analyze the clinical characteristics, gene deletion break points of patients with AS-DL, and the pathogenesis of AS-DL. It was found that the proportion of de novo mutations of AS-DL was significantly higher in female probands than male probands (78 vs. 44%). Female patients with AS-DL had a mild clinical presentation. The incidence of proteinuria and ocular abnormalities was much lower in female probands than in male probands, and there was generally no sensorineural hearing loss or chronic kidney disease (CKD), which progressed to Stage 3 in female probands. The contiguous deletion of the 5' exons of COL4A5 and COL4A6, with the break point within the intron 3 of COL4A6, was the critical genetic defect causing AS-DL. However, the pathogenesis of characteristic deletion of COL4A6 that contributes to diffuse leiomyomatosis is still unknown. In addition, characteristic contiguous deletion of COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes in AS-DL may be related to transposed elements (TEs).
Novel Enzymes From the Red Sea Brine Pools: Current State and Potential
Authors: Renn Dominik , Shepard Lera , Vancea Alexandra , Karan Ram , Arold Stefan T. , Rueping Magnus
Published: October 2021

The Red Sea is a marine environment with unique chemical characteristics and physical topographies. Among the various habitats offered by the Red Sea, the deep-sea brine pools are the most extreme in terms of salinity, temperature and metal contents. Nonetheless, the brine pools host rich polyextremophilic bacterial and archaeal communities. These microbial communities are promising sources for various classes of enzymes adapted to harsh environments – extremozymes. Extremozymes are emerging as novel biocatalysts for biotechnological applications due to their ability to perform catalytic reactions under harsh biophysical conditions, such as those used in many industrial processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the extremozymes from different Red Sea brine pools and discuss the overall biotechnological potential of the Red Sea proteome.
Multiple-Replicon Resistance Plasmids of Klebsiella Mediate Extensive Dissemination of Antimicrobial Genes
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhao Jianan , Ji Fang , Chang Han , Qin Jiao , Zhang Chenglin , Hu Guocheng , Zhu Jiayue , Yang Jianchun , Jia Zhongxin , Li Gang , Qin Jianhua , Wu Bin , Wang Chengmin
Published: October 2021

Multiple-replicon resistance plasmids have become important carriers of resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria, and the evolution of multiple-replicon plasmids is still not clear. Here, 56 isolates of Klebsiella isolated from different wild animals and environments between 2018 and 2020 were identified by phenotyping via the micro-broth dilution method and were sequenced and analyzed for bacterial genome-wide association study. Our results revealed that the isolates from non-human sources showed more extensive drug resistance and especially strong resistance to ampicillin (up to 80.36%). The isolates from Malayan pangolin were particularly highly resistant to cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole. Genomic analysis showed that the resistance plasmids in these isolates carried many antibiotic resistance genes. Further analysis of 69 plasmids demonstrated that 28 plasmids were multiple-replicon plasmids, mainly carrying beta-lactamase genes such as blaCTX–M–15, blaCTX–M–14, blaCTX–M–55, blaOXA–1, and blaTEM–1. The analysis of plasmids carried by different isolates showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae might be an important multiple-replicon plasmid host. Plasmid skeleton and structure analyses showed that a multiple-replicon plasmid was formed by the fusion of two or more single plasmids, conferring strong adaptability to the antibiotic environment and continuously increasing the ability of drug-resistant isolates to spread around the world. In conclusion, multiple-replicon plasmids are better able to carry resistance genes than non-multiple-replicon plasmids, which may be an important mechanism underlying bacterial responses to environments with high-antibiotic pressure. This phenomenon will be highly significant for exploring bacterial resistance gene transmission and diffusion mechanisms in the future.
Mycobacterium leprae Infection in Ticks and Tick-Derived Cells
Authors: Tongluan Natthida , Shelton Layne T. , Collins J. Hunter , Ingraffia Patrick , McCormick Gregory , Pena Maria , Sharma Rahul , Lahiri Ramanuj , Adams Linda B. , Truman Richard W. , Macaluso Kevin R.
Published: October 2021

Leprosy is a zoonosis in the southern United States involving humans and wild armadillos. The majority of patients presenting with zoonotic strains of Mycobacterium leprae note extensive outdoor activity but only rarely report any history of direct contact with wild armadillos. Whether M. leprae is transmitted to new vertebrate hosts through the environment independently or with the aid of other organisms, e.g., arthropod vectors, is a fundamental question in leprosy transmission. The objectives of this study were to assess the potential for ticks to transmit M. leprae and to test if viable M. leprae can be maintained in tick-derived cells. To evaluate tick transmission, nymphal Amblyomma maculatum ticks were injected with isolated M. leprae. Infection and transmission were assessed by qPCR. Ticks infected as nymphs harbored M. leprae through vertical transmission events (nymph to adult and adult to progeny); and, horizontal transmission of M. leprae to a vertebrate host was observed. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was detected in multiple tick life cycle stages. Likewise, freshly isolated M. leprae (Thai-53) was used to infect a tick-derived cell line, and enumeration and bacterial viability were assessed at individual time points for up to 49 days. Evaluations of the viability of long-term cultured M. leprae (Thai-53 and Br4923) were also assessed in a mouse model. Tick-derived cells were able to maintain viable M. leprae over the 49-day course of infection and M. leprae remained infectious within tick cells for at least 300 days. The results of this study suggest that ticks themselves might serve as a vector for the transmission of M. leprae and that tick cells are suitable for maintenance of viable M. leprae for an extended period of time.