bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Converting SACFOR data for statistical analysis: validation, demonstration and further possibilities
Authors: Strong James Asa , Johnson Magnus
Published: February 2020

Background: the context and purpose of the study

Semi-quantitative scales are often used for the rapid assessment of species composition and abundance during time-limited surveys. The semi-quantitative SACFOR abundance scale was developed to support the observation of marine habitats, communities and species and is widely used in the UK. As such, there is now a vast accumulation of SACFOR data. However, there several acknowledged limitations associated with its format that prevent re-analysis.

Methods: how the study was performed and statistical tests used

A conversion process is proposed here that allows: (i) the merging of taxa within counts or cover data sub-sets; (ii) observations, based on either counts and cover, to be unified into one matrix; (iii) counts and cover data to have an equal weighting in the final matrix; and (iv) the removal of the influence of body size and growth form from the final values. To achieve this, it is only possible to preserve the ordinal structure of the data set.

Results: the main findings

Simulations verified that the SACFOR conversion process (i) converted random cover and counts data whilst maintaining the majority of the ordinal structure and (ii) aligned abundance values regardless of whether it was recorded as a cover or count. A case study is presented, that uses real SACFOR observations, to demonstrate the conversion process and the application of statistical analyses routinely used in ecological assessments.

Conclusions: brief summary and potential implications

It is hoped that the SACFOR conversion process proposed here facilitates: (i) the quantitative re-analysis of the burgeoning SACFOR data repository; and (ii) initiates a debate on alternative methods for the conversion of SACFOR data into analysable end products.
The efficacy of uterine artery embolization with gelatin sponge for retained products of conception with bleeding and future pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Kimura Yasushi , Osuga Keigo , Nagai Keisuke , Hongyo Hidenari , Tanaka Kaishu , Ono Yusuke , Higashihara Hiroki , Matsuzaki Shinya , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: February 2020

Background

Retained products of conception (RPOC) with hemorrhage need intervention when RPOC persist and remain symptomatic. The safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for RPOC using gelatin sponge (GS) alone, and fertility after UAE for RPOC remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively investigate the efficacy of UAE for RPOC with bleeding and future pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2016, 14 patients (mean age, 33 years old) diagnosed as RPOC with bleeding received UAE using GS at our institution. Pregnancy outcomes were vaginal delivery (n = 7), miscarriage (n = 4), and termination (n = 3). Four patients received dilation and curettage/evacuation (D&C/E) for treatment of RPOC before bleeding occurred. The mean time interval from the end of pregnancy to bleeding was 28 days. Technical success, clinical success, complications, angiographic features and fertility after UAE were retrospectively assessed.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 13 patients (93%) and clinical success was achieved in all 14 patients. No major complications occurred. The angiographic features of RPOC were tortuous feeders with flow into a focal blush of contrast (n = 14). Additional findings were pseudoaneurysm (n = 6), early venous return (n = 4), and extravasation (n = 2). Pseudoaneurysm was observed significantly more often in patients who received D&C/E before UAE compared to those who received conservative treatment alone (P = 0.015). The mean follow-up period was 29 months. Six patients achieved six pregnancies an average of 29 months after UAE.

Conclusion

UAE using GS may be an effective and safe treatment for RPOC with hemorrhage that can preserve fertility.
The effect of aggregation of pathogen and biocontrol microbe propagules on biocontrol potential: a simple modelling study
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Hu Xiaoping
Published: February 2020

Effective use of biocontrol agents (BCAs) is a potentially important component of sustainable agriculture. The ecological processes determining the success of biocontrol are complex, which may partly explain the limited success of biocontrol against plant diseases in field crops. Understanding the ecological characteristics of BCAs in addition to biocontrol mechanisms and direct biocontrol efficacy, including their survival and dispersal under heterogeneous conditions, is critically important to improve biocontrol efficacy. In this simulation study, we focused on the effects of the spatial aggregation of initial pathogen and biocontrol propagules (inocula) under spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions on biocontrol potential. The simulation showed that, as expected, increasing the biocontrol propagule density led to increased biocontrol potential. Under a given inoculum density, increasing spatial aggregation of BCAs is not only likely to reduce biocontrol potential but also to increase variabilities in biocontrol outcomes. A spatially random distribution of BCA propagules is most likely to result in best biocontrol outcomes. Spatial aggregation of BCAs is more important than spatial heterogeneity in influencing biocontrol potential. Thus, the present simulation study illustrates the importance of ensuring a close-to-homogeneous distribution of BCA propagules for maximising biocontrol potential. By the same reasoning, a faster host growth rate will reduce biocontrol potential if BCA cannot keep up with host growth in terms of coverage: increasing BCA aggregation essentially leads to decreased effective coverage.
Heterothallism and potential hybridization events inferred for twenty-two yellow morel species
Authors: Du Xi-Hui , Wu Dongmei , Kang Heng , Wang Hanchen , Xu Nan , Li Tingting , Chen Keliang
Published: February 2020

Mating-type genes are central to sexual reproduction in ascomycete fungi and result in the establishment of reproductive barriers. Together with hybridization, they both play important roles in the evolution of fungi. Recently, potential hybridization events and MAT genes were separately found in the Elata Clade of Morchella. Herein, we characterized the MAT1–1-1 and MAT1–2-1 genes of twenty-two species in the Esculenta Clade, another main group in the genus Morchella, and proved heterothallism to be the predominant mating strategy among the twenty-two species tested. Ascospores of these species were multi-nuclear and had many mitochondrial nucleoids. The number of ascospore nuclei might be positively related with the species distribution range. Phylogenetic analyses of MAT1–1-1, MAT1–2-1, intergenic spacer (IGS), and partial histone acetyltransferase ELP3 (F1) were performed and compared with the species phylogeny framework derived from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-a) to evaluate their species delimitation ability and investigate potential hybridization events. Conflicting topologies among these genes genealogies and the species phylogeny were revealed and hybridization events were detected between several species. Different evolutionary patterns were suggested for MAT genes between the Esculenta and the Elata Clades. Complex evolutionary trajectories of MAT1–1-1, MAT1–2-1, F1 and IGS in the Esculenta Clade were highlighted. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the importance of hybridization and gene transfer in Morchella and especially for the appearance of reproductive modes during its evolutionary process.
Multiple attenuation with 3D high-order high-resolution parabolic Radon transform using lower frequency constraints
Authors: Ma Jitao , Xu Guoyang , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Xiaoliu , Hao Zhenjiang
Published: February 2020

The parabolic Radon transform is one of the most commonly used multiple attenuation methods in seismic data processing. The 2D Radon transform cannot consider the azimuth effect on seismic data when processing 3D common-depth point gathers; hence, the result of applying this transform is unreliable. Therefore, the 3D Radon transform should be applied. The theory of the 3D Radon transform is first introduced. To address sparse sampling in the crossline direction, a lower frequency constraint is introduced to reduce spatial aliasing and improve the resolution of the Radon transform. An orthogonal polynomial transform, which can fit the amplitude variations in different parabolic directions, is combined with the dealiased 3D high-resolution Radon transform to account for the amplitude variations with offset of seismic data. A multiple model can be estimated with superior accuracy, and improved results can be achieved. Synthetic and real data examples indicate that even though our method comes at a higher computational cost than existing techniques, the developed approach provides better attenuation of multiples for 3D seismic data with amplitude variations.
A priori estimates of attraction basins for velocity model reconstruction by time-harmonic full-waveform inversion and data-space reflectivity formulation
Authors: Faucher Florian , Chavent Guy , Barucq Hélène , Calandra Henri
Published: February 2020

The determination of background velocity by full-waveform inversion (FWI) is known to be hampered by the local minima of the data misfit caused by the phase shifts associated with background perturbations. Attraction basins for the underlying optimization problems can be computed around any nominal velocity model, and they guarantee that the misfit functional has only one (global) minimum. The attraction basins are further associated with tolerable error levels representing the maximal allowed distance between the (observed) data and the simulations (i.e., the acceptable noise level). The estimates are defined a priori, and they only require the computation of (possibly many) the first- and second-order directional derivatives of the (model to synthetic) forward map. The geometry of the search direction and the frequency influence the size of the attraction basins, and the complex frequency can be used to enlarge the basins. The size of the attraction basins for the perturbation of background velocities in classic FWI (global model parameterization) and the data-space reflectivity reformulation (migration-based traveltime [MBTT]) are compared: The MBTT reformulation substantially increases the size of the attraction basins (by a factor of 4–15). Practically, this reformulation compensates for the lack of low-frequency data. Our analysis provides guidelines for a successful implementation of the MBTT reformulation.
Surface to subsurface correlation of the Middle-Upper Triassic Shublik Formation within a revised sequence stratigraphic framework
Authors: Rouse William A. , Whidden Katherine J. , Dumoulin Julie A. , Houseknecht David W.
Published: February 2020

Recent work on cores and outcrops of the Middle-Upper Triassic Shublik Formation has facilitated surface to subsurface correlation of depositional sequences across the Alaska North Slope. Five transgressive-regressive depositional sequences have been defined within three large-scale stratigraphic units. Outcrop spectral gamma-ray (GR) profiles were used to correlate observed stacking patterns with nearby exploration wells, and GR logs from 161 exploration wells were used to correlate the three large-scale stratigraphic units across the North Slope and nearby offshore. Interpretations of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy in cores from 26 wells were used to corroborate regional correlations. Isochore maps constructed for each of the three stratigraphic units illustrate the influence of accommodation on depositional patterns and suggest reactivation of several older tectonic elements during Shublik deposition. An isochore map of the richest, oil-prone interval of the Shublik Formation reveals a thick pod south of Harrison Bay, the eastern part of which lies beneath a recent giant Shublik-sourced oil discovery in the Cretaceous Nanushuk Formation. In addition, when integrated with thermal maturity, this isochore map may provide leads for areas that are optimal for unconventional resource exploration.
Seismic geologic structure characterization using a high-order spectrum-coherence attribute
Authors: Liu Naihao , Li Zhen , Sun Fengyuan , Li Fangyu , Gao Jinghuai
Published: February 2020

Characterization of seismic geologic structures, such as describing fluvial channels and geologic faults, is significant for seismic reservoir prediction. The coherence algorithm is one of the widely used techniques for describing discontinuous seismic geologic structures. However, precise coherence attributes between adjacent seismic traces are difficult to compute due to the nonstationary and non-Gaussian property of seismic data. To describe seismic geologic structures accurately, we define a high-order spectrum-coherence (HOSC) attribute. First, we have developed a time-frequency (TF) analysis method to compute a constant-frequency seismic volume with high TF resolution, i.e., the second-order synchrosqueezing wave packet transform. Then, we developed a coherence approach by combining the mutual information (MI) calculation and coherence algorithm based on the eigenvalue computation (C3). To improve computational efficiency, we adopt the information divergence instead of the eigenvalue calculation of the C3-based algorithms. By applying our coherence algorithm to constant-frequency seismic volumes, we obtain the HOSC attribute. To test the validity of the proposed workflow, we evaluate the HOSC attribute using synthetic data. After applying our workflow to 3D real seismic data located in eastern China, the HOSC attribute characterizes seismic geologic discontinuities and subtle features clearly and accurately, such as fluvial channels and subtle faults.
Measuring outcomes in trials of interventions for people who self-harm: qualitative study of service users' views
Authors: Owens Christabel , Fox Fiona , Redwood Sabi , Davies Rosemary , Foote Lisa , Salisbury Naomi , Williams Salena , Biddle Lucy , Thomas Kyla
Published: February 2020

Background

Patients often have very different ideas from clinicians about what they want treatments to achieve. Their views on what outcomes are important are not always reflected in trials.

Aims

To elicit the views of people who self-harm on the most commonly used outcome measures and to identify the outcomes that matter to them.

Method

We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 people with histories of self-harm, recruited from hospital and community settings. We conducted thematic analysis using a framework approach and used visual mapping to arrive at our final analysis and interpretation.

Results

Participants' accounts contained a number of challenges to the validity and meaningfulness of current trial outcome measures. Five broad issues emerged: (a) relationship between frequency and severity of self-harm; (b) behavioural substitution; (b) self-management skills; (d) the role of self-harm as survival tool and affect regulator, and (e) strategic self-presentation. We show how these affect the visibility and measurability of commonly used outcomes. The outcomes that mattered to participants focused on positive achievements in three domains: (a) general functioning and activities of everyday living; (b) social participation, and (c) engagement with services. Participants conceptualised these as both measures and means of sustained improvement.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that current self-harm trial science rests on flawed assumptions about the relationship between mental states and behaviours and about our ability to measure both. Greater understanding of the outcomes that matter to people who self-harm is needed to inform both intervention development and trial design.
Initial and relapse prodromes in adult patients with episodes of bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Andrade-González Nelson , Álvarez-Cadenas Laura , Saiz-Ruiz Jerónimo , Lahera Guillermo
Published: February 2020

Background.

Distinguishing prodromes of bipolar disorder (BD) specific to children/adolescents, adults, and elderly patients is essential. The primary objective of this systematic review was to determine initial and relapse prodromes identifying adult patients with BD.

Methods.

PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched using a predetermined strategy. A controlled process of study selection and data extraction was performed.

Results.

The 22 articles selected included 1,809 adult patients with BD. Initial prodromes cited most frequently in these studies showed low specificity. Among relapse prodromes cited most frequently, more talkative than usual, increased energy/more goal-directed behavior, thoughts start to race, increased self-esteem, strong interest in sex, increase in activity, and spending too much were identified exclusively before a manic/hypomanic episode, while loss of interest and hypersomnia were detected only before a depressive episode. Initial prodromal phases lasted longer than prodromal relapse phases. In the selected studies, the most used prodrome identification procedure was the clinical interview.

Conclusions.

For adult patients with BD, initial and relapse prodromes of manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes were identified. It is proposed that the most frequent prodromes found in this review be incorporated into a smartphone app that monitors the functioning of people at risk of BD and patients who have already been diagnosed. Data from this app would constitute a relevant source of big data.
FGF21 and the Physiological Regulation of Macronutrient Preference
Authors: Hill Cristal M , Qualls-Creekmore Emily , Berthoud Hans-Rudolf , Soto Paul , Yu Sangho , McDougal David H , Münzberg Heike , Morrison Christopher D
Published: February 2020

The ability to respond to variations in nutritional status depends on regulatory systems that monitor nutrient intake and adaptively alter metabolism and feeding behavior during nutrient restriction. There is ample evidence that the restriction of water, sodium, or energy intake triggers adaptive responses that conserve existing nutrient stores and promote the ingestion of the missing nutrient, and that these homeostatic responses are mediated, at least in part, by nutritionally regulated hormones acting within the brain. This review highlights recent research that suggests that the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts on the brain to homeostatically alter macronutrient preference. Circulating FGF21 levels are robustly increased by diets that are high in carbohydrate but low in protein, and exogenous FGF21 treatment reduces the consumption of sweet foods and alcohol while alternatively increasing the consumption of protein. In addition, while control mice adaptively shift macronutrient preference and increase protein intake in response to dietary protein restriction, mice that lack either FGF21 or FGF21 signaling in the brain fail to exhibit this homeostatic response. FGF21 therefore mediates a unique physiological niche, coordinating adaptive shifts in macronutrient preference that serve to maintain protein intake in the face of dietary protein restriction.
The Complex Signaling Pathways of the Ghrelin Receptor
Authors: Hedegaard Morten Adler , Holst Birgitte
Published: February 2020

The ghrelin receptor (GhrR) is known for its strong orexigenic effects in pharmacological doses and has long been considered as a promising target for the treatment of obesity. Several antagonists have been developed to decrease the orexigenic signaling, but none of these have been approved for the treatment of obesity because of adverse effects and lack of efficacy. Heterodimerization and biased signaling are important concepts for G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, and the influence of these aspects on the GhrR may be important for feeding behavior and obesity. GhrR has been described to heterodimerize with other GPCRs, such as the dopamine receptors 1 and 2, leading to a modulation of the signaling properties of both dimerization partners. Another complicating factor of GhrR-mediated signaling is its ability to activate several different signaling pathways on ligand stimulation. Importantly, some ligands have shown to be “biased” or “functionally selective,” implying that the ligand favors a particular signaling pathway. These unique signaling properties could have a sizeable impact on the physiological functions of the GhrR system. Importantly, heterodimerization may explain why the GhrR is expressed in areas of the brain that are difficult for peptide ligands to access. One possibility is that the purpose of GhrR expression is to modulate the function of other receptors in addition to merely being independently activated. We suggest that a deeper understanding of the signaling properties of the GhrR will facilitate future drug discovery in the areas of obesity and weight management.
Diva Diction
Authors: Boberg Charles
Published: February 2020

As a follow-up to the author’s 2018 analysis of New York City English in film, this article turns its attention to the whole country over the same 80-year period of 1930–2010, using acoustic phonetic, quantitative, and statistical analysis to identify the most important changes in the pronunciation of North American English by 40 European American leading actresses in their best-known films. Focusing mostly on vowel production, the analysis reveals a gradual shift from East Coast patterns rooted in the speech of New York City to West Coast patterns rooted in the speech of Los Angeles. Changes include a decline in /r/ vocalization, which is restricted almost entirely to the period before the mid-1960s; a decline in the low back distinction between /o/ and /oh/ (lot and thought); a new distinction between /æ/ (trap) and its allophone before nasal consonants (e.g., ham or hand); shifts of /æ/ and /oh/ to a lower, more central position in the vowel space; and fronting of the back upgliding vowel /uw/ (goose). These and other patterns correspond closely to those identified in the speech of ordinary people, revealing an intriguing parallel between public speech in the mass media and private speech in local communities.
Passive diffusion through nuclear pore complexes regulates levels of the yeast SAGA and SLIK coactivator complexes
Authors: Makio Tadashi , Wozniak Richard W.
Published: February 2020

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) control gene expression by regulating the bi-directional exchange of proteins and RNAs between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, including access of transcriptional regulators to the nucleoplasm. Here, we show that the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) nucleoporin Nup170, in addition to binding and silencing subtelomeric genes, supports transcription of genes regulated by the SAGA transcriptional activator complex. Specifically, we show that a lower amount of SAGA complex is bound to target genes in the absence of Nup170. Consistent with this observation, levels of the SAGA complex are decreased in cells lacking Nup170, while those of the SAGA-related SLIK complexes are increased. This change in the ratio of SAGA to SLIK complexes is due to increased nuclear activity of Pep4, a protease responsible for production of the SLIK complex. Further analyses of various nucleoporin mutants revealed that the increased nuclear entry of Pep4 observed in the nup170Δ mutant likely occurs as the consequence of an increase in the sieving limits of the NPC diffusion channel. On the basis of these results, we propose that changes in passive diffusion rates represent a mechanism for regulating SAGA- and SLIK complex-mediated transcriptional events.
Recent advances in understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): how genetics are shaping our conceptualization of this disorder
Authors: Zayats Tetyana , Neale Benjamin M
Published: February 2020

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically defined disorder, and inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are its main symptom domains. The presentation, lifelong continuation and treatment response of ADHD symptoms, however, is highly heterogeneous. To better define, diagnose, treat and prevent ADHD, it is essential that we understand the biological processes underlying all of these elements. In this review, given the high heritability of ADHD, we discuss how and why genetics can foster such progress. We examine what genetics have taught us so far with regard to ADHD definition, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, we offer a prospect of what genetic studies on ADHD may bring in the future.
Fluent genomics with plyranges and tximeta
Authors: Lee Stuart , Lawrence Michael , Love Michael I.
Published: February 2020

We construct a simple workflow for fluent genomics data analysis using the R/Bioconductor ecosystem. This involves three core steps: import the data into an appropriate abstraction, model the data with respect to the biological questions of interest, and integrate the results with respect to their underlying genomic coordinates. Here we show how to implement these steps to integrate published RNA-seq and ATAC-seq experiments on macrophage cell lines. Using tximeta, we import RNA-seq transcript quantifications into an analysis-ready data structure, called the SummarizedExperiment, that contains the ranges of the reference transcripts and metadata on their provenance. Using SummarizedExperiments to represent the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data, we model differentially accessible (DA) chromatin peaks and differentially expressed (DE) genes with existing Bioconductor packages. Using plyranges we then integrate the results to see if there is an enrichment of DA peaks near DE genes by finding overlaps and aggregating over log-fold change thresholds. The combination of these packages and their integration with the Bioconductor ecosystem provide a coherent framework for analysts to iteratively and reproducibly explore their biological data.
You’ve Got a Friend: Examining Board Interlock Formation After Financial Restatements
Authors: Withers Michael C. , Howard Michael D. , Tihanyi Laszlo
Published: February 2020

We investigate the impact of financial restatements as critical events that influence board interlock formation among Fortune 500 firms during the 2009–2013 period. Our empirical study is based on a longitudinal analysis of tie formation while accounting for dynamic changes in the behavior and characteristics of network nodes using stochastic actor-oriented models. We find that firms facing financial restatements experience disruption in network ties. However, social status helps mitigate these effects, and restating firms build new ties through socially embedded processes, such as reciprocity and transitivity. Our work contributes to the understanding of how interorganizational relationships are altered as a result of financial restatement events.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU CERITA ANAK BERGAMBAR BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI KEPEDULIAN BAGI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 2 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Vindaswari Rera Fenika , Ulfah Amaliyah
Published: February 2020

This study aims to develop pictorial children's storybooks based on caring values and specifically aims to know, (1) steps for developing child-based pictorial children's storybooks, (2) the feasibility of caring-based children's storybooks, and (3) participant responses students of story books developed.This type of research is development research. This study uses the Borg and Gall development model which consists of five stages, namely research and information collecting, planning, developing preliminary form a product, preliminary field testing, and main product revision. The subjects of this research were 10 second grade students of Banguntapan State Elementary School with 10 childrens. Data Collecting techniques use descriptive. The data analysis technique used is descriptive.The development of pictorial children's storybooks consists of six steps, namely determining themes, making storylines/storyboards, determining characters/figures, making illustrated images, combining storybook elements, and expert validation. The results of the study showed that illustrated children's storybooks were based on values of concern for second grade students of elementary school worthy of use. Assessment according to media experts got a score of 104 (good), material expert 101 (good), and expert learning 56 (very good). The response results of students get a score of 100 (very good). Students respond that the contents of illustrated story books are interesting, stories are easy to understand, and can be used as models in attitude.Keywords: Picture Children's Story Book, Concern Values
PENANAMAN NILAI ANTIKORUPSI SISWA SD MELALUI PENDIDIKAN KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG PRENGGAN
Authors: Waskito M Nur , Pambudi Dholina Inang
Published: February 2020

The habit of corruption that is entrenched if since elementary school age is not strengthened by the planting of character and leadership spirit to reject corruption. The act of corruption is a set of activities that deviate and harm others. This study aims to determine the anti-corruption value planting and to know the supporting and inhibiting factors of the anti-corruption value of elementary school students through family education in Prenggan Village. This study uses qualitative research. Informants that are used as subjects are parents of elementary school students, heads of RW / RT, elementary school students, and village heads and objects of family education research. The Methods of collecting data on interviews, observation and documentation. This study uses a credibility test by triangulating techniques and source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that Planting the Anti-Corruption Value of Elementary School Students through Family Education in Prenggan Village, Planting anti-corruption values through exemplary, habituation, dialogue on planting religious values in Prenggan Village starts from the family and local community's commitment to bring up behaviors that reflect anti-corruption attitudes such as being honest , always be disciplined and build a relationship of mutual trust with the community. The supporting factors for the planting of anti-corruption values of elementary school students through family education in Kampung Prenggan family environment, peer groups, family education in the planting of anti-corruption values. While the inhibiting factor is awareness of children in understanding corruption.
PENINGKATAN DISPOSISI MATEMATIS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN TIPE AIR (AUDITORY, INTELECTUALLY, REPETITION)
Authors: Kurnia Esti , Fitrianawati Meita
Published: February 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini di latar belakangi yaitu masih menggunakan model pembelajaran ceramah dimana guru menjelaskan materi di depan kelas lalu memberi contoh soal kepada siswa. Selain itu, dapat dilihat bahwa suasana pembelajaran di kelas masih kurang kondunsif. Siswa masih kurang aktif dan kurang berpartisipasi dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Sedangkan untuk prestasi belajar dapat dilihat dari hasil ulangan harian yang menunjukkan nilai rata-rata siswa masih banyak yang belum mendapatkan nilai dibatas yang ditentukan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) , dengan desain penelitian Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan,  pengamatan dan refleksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua siklus dengan setiap siklus ada dua kali pertemuan, sehingga dalam penelitian ini ada empat kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas III yang berjumlah 25 siswa, dan objek penelitian yaitu disposisi matematis dan prestasi belajar matematika. Teknik pengumpulan data data menggunakan metode observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan pada siklus I dari aspek disposisi matematis yang mencapai 48,72% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 61,815% pada siklus II. Rata-rata kelas pada siklus I yang semula 69,04% menjadi 87,68% pada siklus II. Serta ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 68% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 84% pada siklus II. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa penelitian selama siklus I dan siklus II menunjukkan adanya peningkatan disposisi matematis siswa dan prestasi belajar matematika dengan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe AIR.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM ADIWIYATA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH BODON KOTAGEDE
Authors: Riyanti Endah , Maryani Ika
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT  This study aims to determine the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the adiwiyata program in shaping the character of caring for the environment and to find out supporting factors and obstacles in the implementation of the adiwiyata program in shaping the character of the care for the environment in SD Muhammadiyah Bodon Kotagede. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection methods are done through interviews, observation, and documentation. Research subjects were the principal, the adiwiyata team, teachers, and students. The validity of the data uses triangulation techniques. Analysis techniques using data collections, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of the adiwiyata program in shaping the character of caring for the environment had been integrated in policies that were environmentally friendly and integrated in each subject. The integration was socialized to all school members to create an environmentally friendly school agreement. The supporting factors for the implementation of the adiwiyata program are the beautiful school environment, good cooperation between the schools, adequate budget, and environmentally friendly supporting facilities that support the implementation of the adiwiyata program. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the adiwiyata program include that there are still students who are not yet aware of understanding the concept of being environmentally minded and still lacking land for the process of growing green plants.
Statutory books: Keep them up to date or be fined!
Authors: Sadiq Sana
Published: February 2020

Sana Sadiq, solicitor in the corporate healthcare team at law firm Hempsons, considers the importance of maintaining company statutory registers
PERAN SPIRITUALITAS TERHADAP KEMATANGAN KARIR PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA
Authors: Nurhayati Niken Fatimah
Published: February 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris tentangÂ  peran spritualitas terhadap kematangan karir pada mahasiswa UKM Olahraga UNS. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemilihan subjekÂ  proportional cluster sampling. Didapatkan subjek sejumlah 194 mahasiswa UKM Olahraga UNS.Â  Pengukuran dilakukan dengan Skala Spiritual (Cronbachâ€™s Î± 0,864) dan Skala Kematangan karirÂ  (Cronbachâ€™s Î± 0,833).Â  Hasil analisis data menggunakan regresi sederhana yang mendapatkan besaran sumbangan efektif spiritualitas terhadap kematangan karir sebesar 27,6%. Besaran nilai koefisien korelasi rxy = 0.525 dengan p < 0.05Â  menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif spiritual dengan kematangan karir.Â Â  Semakin tinggi spiritualitas, semakin tinggi kematangan karir mahasiswa UKM Olahraga UNS.Kata Kunci: Kematangan karir, Â mahasiswa, spiritualitas,UKM Olahraga UNS
Application of speckle interferometry to the mechanical characterization of a biopolymer sample
Authors: Gómez-Méndez Gustavo A. , Martínez-García Amalia , Antonio Rayas Juan , Gaitán Alexander
Published: February 2020

In this work, we present an optical and mechanical characterization of the behavior of an inhomogeneous biopolymer sample through the use of an in-plane electronic speckle pattern interferometer with a pulling system along the

y

direction. The characterization of the sample subjected to stress comprised the acquisition of speckle patterns for 1360 states. Displacement maps and their corresponding strain maps were computed for every state. Since the information of the maps changes with size due to the sample being pulled at the upper end while it is clamped at the lower end, a scaling method to relate the maps to each other, point-to-point, is presented. The method allows the correct evaluation of sequential strain maps, which depicts the mechanical evolution of the material. Upon managing to relate the strain maps, it is possible to extract strain values for zones of interest from every map in order to build the respective stress–strain curves. Three stress–strain curves associated with three zones in the sample (upper, middle, and bottom) are constructed. When sequential displacement and deformation maps are optically obtained by the interferometer, we present a full-field characterization, along with the obtention stress–strain curves associated with the three zones of strain maps. The curves represent the inhomogeneous performance of the sample. Three different elastic moduli (

E
u

=
2.59

M
P
a

,

E
m

=
1.97

M
P
a

, and

E

b

=
1.67

M
P
a

), associated with three respective zones, were obtained. The experimental results for a biopolymer sample here presented show that the technique, in conjunction with the scaling method, is a novel proposal to characterize inhomogeneous materials.
Geometrical optics approximation for plane-wave scattering by a rectangular groove on a surface
Authors: Cao Zhaolou , Cui Fenping , Xian Fenglin , Li Jinhua , Pei Shixin
Published: February 2020

Rigorous solution of plane-wave scattering by a groove based on electromagnetic theory will be time-consuming if the groove width is much larger than the illumination wavelength. To accelerate the computation, an approach based on geometrical optics approximation is developed here. The incident beam is split into several parts during reflection and refraction. Contribution of every part is superposed to obtain the electric field at the interface between the groove and air, with which diffraction theory is utilized to calculate the far-field scattered light. Results demonstrate that the approach is capable of accurately calculating plane-wave scattering by rectangular grooves with large widths in a time-efficient manner, which can be beneficial for further inverse scattering problems.
Estimating intracranial pressure using pulsatile cerebral blood flow measured with diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Ruesch Alexander , Yang Jason , Schmitt Samantha , Acharya Deepshikha , Smith Matthew A. , Kainerstorfer Jana M.
Published: February 2020

Measuring intracranial pressure (ICP) is necessary for the treatment of severe head injury but measurement systems are highly invasive and introduce risk of infection and complications. We developed a non-invasive alternative for quantifying ICP using measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by diffuse correlation spectroscopy. The recorded cardiac pulsation waveform in CBF undergoes morphological changes in response to ICP changes. We used the pulse shape to train a randomized regression forest to estimate the underlying ICP and demonstrate in five non-human primates that DCS-based estimation can explain over 90% of the variance in invasively measured ICP.
Polarization-maintained propagation of a 2200 μm2 effective-area higher-order-mode in a bent optical fiber
Authors: Ahmad Raja , Abedin Kazi S. , Yan Man F. , Nicholson Jeffrey W. , Westbrook Paul S. , DiGiovanni David J.
Published: February 2020

We report on the excitation and polarization preserved propagation of a very large effective-area (Aeff ∼ 2240 μm2) higher-order-mode in an optical fiber. A laser signal operating in the 1 μm wavelength region is transported in a Bessel-like LP0,4 mode over a 10 m long section of the polarization-maintaining higher-order-mode fiber. We observe that the light propagates through the fiber with >10 dB polarization-extinction-ratio as the fiber is coiled into circular loops of 40 cm diameter.
Investigation on saturable absorbers based on nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup effect
Authors: Zhang B. , Ma S. , He Q. , Guo J. , Jiao Z. , Wang B.
Published: February 2020

We experimentally investigate characteristics of saturable absorbers (SAs) based on nonlinear Kerr beam cleanup effect (NL-KBC). The SAs are formed by a long graded-index multimode fiber (GRIN MMF) with a short single-mode fiber served as a diaphragm. We studied the evolution of output spectrum and beam profiles from the GRIN MMF in order to investigate the mechanism of these SAs. We further performed saturable absorption measurements to evaluate their modulation depths and saturation intensities. We experimentally observed and first theoretically analyzed the “relaxation oscillation” behavior of the optical transmittance with increasing input intensity. We also studied their nonlinear polarization dynamics and observed the repolarized effect in NL-KBC regime. Our results confirm the optical properties of the SAs based on NL-KBC, and these SAs can find applications in Q-switched and mode-locked lasers.
The evolution of spectral intensity and orbital angular momentum of twisted Hermite Gaussian Schell model beams in turbulence
Authors: Lin Rong , Yu Hancheng , Zhu Xinlei , Liu Lin , Gbur Greg , Cai Yangjian , Yu Jiayi
Published: February 2020

We introduce a new class of twisted partially coherent beams with a non-uniform correlation structure. These beams, called twisted Hermite Gaussian Schell model (THGSM) beams, have a correlation structure related to Hermite functions and a twist factor in their degree of coherence. The spectral density and total average orbital angular momentum per photon of these beams strongly depend on the distortions applied to their degree of coherence. On propagation through free space, they exhibit both self-splitting and rotation of their spectral density profile, combining the interesting effects of twisted beams and non-uniformly correlated beams. We demonstrate that we can adjust both the beam order and the twist factor of THGSM beams to improve their resistance to turbulence.
Acetylcholinesterase and α-Amylase inhibitors from Mouriri elliptica Martius leaf extract
Authors: Silva Letícia Siqueira da , Porfiro Cinthia Alves , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Rodrigues Agna Rita dos Santos , Pereira Paulo Sérgio
Published: February 2020

Population growth has raised food production, and new sources are needed to increase quantity and quality of agricultural products. Carbamates and organophosphates are insecticide classes used worldwide as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Plants have a natural resistance to insects, which can be employed in pest control as a new alternative to reduce the use of chemicals. An alternative may be the use of α-amylase inhibitors, which are digestive enzymes that impair pest species growth and development. Another would be acetylcholinesterase inhibitors since they damage the normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, by releasing high concentrations of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses. This substance accumulation increases stimulations that lead to behavioral changes, asphyxia, hyperactivity, and death. Botanical agrochemicals are believed to have advantages over synthetic ones, as they are rapidly degraded in the environment. In this scenario, plants have played an important role in pest control as sources of interest for the synthesis of new molecules for agricultural use. The present study evaluated acetylcholinesterase and α-amylase inhibition by microplate method, from leaf extracts of Mouriri elliptica Martius with different polarities.
Sensory and physiological quality of arabic coffee under different fermentation times
Authors: Carmo Kênia  Barbosa do , Carmo Jéssica Conceição Barbosa do , Krause Marcelo Rodrigo , Peterle Guilherme
Published: February 2020

The value of coffee presents a significant increase influenced by the improvement of the beans quality, so that a coffee made by beans with an inferior quality has a lower acceptance in the market and a reduction in therms of commercialization value. The different time of fermentation of the coffee in water can give rise to different beverage and physiological quality of its seeds, and may interfere in its commercialization value and in the production of seedlings in nurseries. The target of this study was to identify the best time of fermentation of the beans and seeds of Arabic coffee in the region of Mutum-MG, aiming to obtain a better quality of the drink and a better physiological quality of the seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments, 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours of fermentation in water. Four replicates per treatment were used. Each repetition consisted in ten liters of coffee. The samples were submitted to a drying process in covered suspended terrarium until reaching 12% moisture. The evaluations consisted in the realization of these sensorial analysis (AS); % water content (%U); electrical conductivity (EC); first germination count (FCG); percentage of germination (%G); total fresh mass (TFM); total dry mass (TDM) and radicle length (RL). The 18 hours fermentation time provided a better quality of coffee drink obtaining a score of 84 points and also resulted in a higher physiological quality of the seeds. Excess fermentation impaired the quality of the drink and physiological quality.
Influence of edge in the structure of the vegetation of an open Ombrophilous Forest in Alagoas
Authors: Lima Antônio Raphael Silva de , Lima Ricardo Cordeiro de , Nepomuceno Isabel Tavares Galindo , Nascimento Hugo Henrique Costa do , Prata Ana Paula do Nascimento , Vasconcelos da Silva Rafael Ricardo
Published: February 2020

Understanding the influence of fragmentation on the behavior of forest essential elements in different vegetation formations is fundamental for the definition of conservation strategies. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the influence of the edge environment on the phytosociological structure of a fragment of Open Ombrophylous Forest, in Rio Largo, Alagoas. Five transects of 10.0 x 100.0 m were subdivided into ten 10.0 x 10.0 m plots to collect the data. All tree individuals with Chest Height Circumference ≥ 15 cm were sampled, measured and later identified in the herbarium of the Institute of the Environment of Alagoas. For the analysis, the phytosociological parameters Shannon-Wiener diversity (H'), Pielou equability (J') were calculated after defined the successional classes and dispersion syndromes of the species sampled. The edge effect was analyzed by comparing the richness, diversity, equability and number of individuals in the interior and at the edge of the fragment, using the Venn diagram technique. There were 581 arboreal individuals, of which 434 were identified as belonging to 20 families, 24 genera and 30 morphospecies. Among the raised species, there were higher occurrences of early secondary (46.67%) and late (23.33%), as well as those of zoocoric dispersion (53.33%). The diversity was 2.89 nats/ind., and the Pielou (J') equability was 0.8497. The edge environment did not influence the establishment of species. This may have occurred due to the environmental characteristics of the open ombrophylous forest.