bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new model of information behavior based on semantic modeling
Authors: Ohtoshi Paulo Hideo , Gottschalg‐Duque Cláudio
Published: December 2016

This poster proposes a general model of information behavior (GMIB) based on semantic models. It uses ideas extracted from concept maps, ontologies, semantic networks and artificial intelligence. It also explores topics such as hierarchy, heritance, conceptualization and properties. This form of approach, which differs from traditional approaches based on flowcharts and block diagrams, allows the development of a model that can be extended, tailored, shared, reused and may contribute to the creation of taxonomy and a common conceptual and theoretical framework for the field. It focuses on describing “how” and “why” the phenomenon occurs. The model captures the key concepts of information behavior (IB) from both professionals in their work environment and ordinary people in their daily lives. Built upon previous researches, the model reorganizes, redefines, and introduces some concepts. A characterization of some open‐ended aspects of other models is an important issue of this one and may lead to a more precise understanding of human information behavior.
Analysis of chinese‐english mixed language query reformulation strategies and patterns during web searching
Authors: Fu Hengyi
Published: December 2016

With the increasing number of multilingual webpages on the Internet, cross‐language information retrieval has become an important research issue. In cultures where people speak both Chinese and English, using mixed language in oral speaking and web searching is a common phenomenon. This study employs semi‐structured interviews and query log analysis to examine the query reformulation strategies and patterns regarding Chinese‐English mixed language queries, and to determine why search engine users utilize certain reformulation strategies. The results can inform information scientists and IR system designers to enhance cross‐language controlled vocabularies and develop discovery platforms for multilingual content, and improve search engines to provide users with more relevant results. The findings could also be expanded to other language combinations that would improve search engine designs.
Comparing internal and external interoperability of digital infrastructures
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Sawyer Steve
Published: December 2016

This research study compares the internal and external interoperability of digital infrastructures across two cyberinfrastructure organizations. Internal interoperability refers to the work that goes into developing seamless relations to align people and resources for a CI provision whereas external interoperability refers to the linkages the CI provision makes to the larger institutional ecology of science. The case study is designed to look at the governance of digital infrastructures to understand policy decisions in relation to three institutional aspects of science: funding, publication norms, and training and professionalization. Initial findings suggest that internal interoperability is similar for both digital infrastructures whereas external interoperability differs and is shaped by the domain of science that is stewarding the development of the provision. The study concludes by suggesting that linking digital infrastructure development to the components of science practice may be a starting point to understand how they become embedded (or not) in scientific work.
Computational thinking is critical thinking: Connecting to university discourse, goals, and learning outcomes
Authors: Kules Bill
Published: December 2016

Computational thinking complements critical thinking as a way of reasoning to solve problems, make decisions and interact with our world. It draws concepts and techniques such as abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic design, generalization, evaluation and iteration from computer and information science, but has broad application in the arts, sciences, humanities and social sciences. This paper compares computational and critical modes of thinking, identifying concepts and terminology that support cross‐disciplinary discourse, inform faculty and curriculum development efforts, and interconnect learning outcomes at the course, program and university level, thus helping programs better articulate contributions to institutional goals. A better understanding of each mode can enrich what we teach aspiring information professionals about computational and critical thinking, how we teach it, and how we apply these skills in our professional work.
Does dirty data affect google scholar citations?
Authors: Doğan Güleda , Şencan İpek , Tonta Yaşar
Published: December 2016

Google Scholar (GS) is a database that enables researchers to create their scholarly profiles and keeps track of, among others, their citation counts, and h‐ and i10‐index values. GS is now increasingly being used for research evaluation purposes. Although rich in bibliometric data, GS indexes some duplicate publications and citations, and therefore tends to inflate the citation counts to some extent. Based on a small sample of GS profiles of researchers, this paper aims to study the extent by which duplicates change the citation counts and metrics based thereupon. Findings show that duplicates in GS database somewhat inflates the citation metrics. The scale of the problem as well as the effect of dirty data on performance evaluations based on GS citations data need to be studied further using larger samples.
Exploring collective tagging as a mechanism to elicit language about health management
Authors: Chen Annie T. , Carriere Rachel , Kaplan Samantha J. , Colht Kelly , Morey Ophelia T. , Flaherty Mary Grace , Moser Gail B. , Slager Stacey L. , Price Cynthia
Published: December 2016

This paper describes an innovative effort to invite the public to participate in the creation of a public resource – to leverage collective wisdom in the health domain. This project involved building a website where people could contribute their experiences of body listening and how they learned/were learning to do it. Within the context of this study, body listening was described as the act of paying attention to the body's signals and cues, which can improve individuals' long‐term health management. Over the course of the study, participants and moderators together authored 431 posts and contributed 818 tags. This paper presents an initial analysis of these tags.

This analysis makes several intellectual contributions. First, we present a preliminary classification scheme for concepts associated with body listening and self‐management that might be used in future efforts to organize knowledge in this domain. Second, we evaluate inter‐annotator agreement using this classification scheme, to characterize its potential for use in future work.
Exploring support for the unconquerable barriers in information seeking
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Shah Chirag
Published: December 2016

Individuals are often faced with various types of barriers and failures when they look for information. They sometimes fail to locate their desired information after trying or even exhausting all of their known sources. Research has mostly focused on the barriers people face on the Web, but experiences with information seeking failures—particularly those that involve offline channels in real life scenarios—are understudied. In an exploratory qualitative study reported here, 63 survey participants and 10 interview participants contributed a total of 230 examples of information seeking failures and various supportive measures that would/might have prevented those failures. Their narrations not only offer rich pictures of what went wrong in information seeking episodes, but also further our understanding of the types of support that may improve the outcomes of individuals' information seeking.
Heuristic evaluation of an information literacy game
Authors: Guo Yan Ru , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian
Published: December 2016

Among the many information literacy games that have been developed, evaluations have mostly relied on anecdotal quotations, or procedures which were neither systematic nor rigorous. This study adopted the heuristic evaluation method with end‐users to evaluate an information literacy game for tertiary students. Participants identified problems with the game according to the Heuristic Evaluation of Playability framework. We proposed to extend the HEP framework by including two more categories on characters/graphics and pedagogical effectiveness.
Investigating communication hindrance in interdisciplinary collaboration: A grounded theory approach
Authors: Ju Boryung , Jin Tao , Stewart J. Brenton
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study is two‐fold: (1) to explore the communication barriers and challenges that interdisciplinary researchers might encounter when collaborating with their counterparts from other disciplines, and (2) to survey how the researchers mitigate the hurdles in the collaboration processes. Eight interdisciplinary researchers from a research institute were recruited to participate in the study. They were individually interviewed with a semi‐structured protocol. The interview transcripts were then analyzed using a grounded theory approach that consists of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding in sequence. The preliminary results show that the major communication hindrances include: domain disparity; discrepancies of individual researchers in terms of their perspectives, preferences, and behaviors; varied interpretations on the meanings of shared artifacts used by the interdisciplinary research groups; and divergence of personal motivation and engagement levels toward interdisciplinary collaboration. The participants considered active and constant learning to be the most useful strategy to cope with these communication obstacles. These findings yield some novel insights into the interdisciplinary collaboration effort and provide new empirical evidence to substantiate what previous studies have found. In addition, this study generates a deeper understanding about communication difficulties that interdisciplinary researchers might face, which can in turn be translated into practical implications for administrators and policy makers who are responsible for managing interdisciplinary collaborations.
Learning by design: Creating knowledge through library storytime production
Authors: Mills J. Elizabeth , Campana Kathleen , Clarke Rachel Ivy
Published: December 2016

Librarianship has not traditionally been considered a design practice. However, children's librarians plan, deliver, and reflect on storytimes in implicit ways that seem to align with design principles. Drawing on empirical data from the VIEWS2 study, this poster explores the premise that design principles implicitly inform the creation of these library programs for young children. Comparing models of storytime production and models of design reveals that key design principles—especially iteration and reflection—are present throughout storytime production. The reciprocal and influential nature of these design concepts combined with the model of storytime production lead to a new model of storytime design, with implications for library research, practice, and pedagogy as well as models of design.
personality and information behavior in web search
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Wolff Christian
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we describe a quantitative study of personality aspects and their relationship with web search information behavior. We start with introducing personality and give an overview of information behavior research concerning personality aspects. In our study of 30 participants, their personality traits were operationalized by using a version of the Big 5, the B5T, a psychometric questionnaire that maps personality on different dimensions. The participants performed search tasks in a web context and data concerning their information behavior was collected via search logs as well as questionnaires. We show that there are selective correlations of slight and intermediate strength between the variables of information behavior and the personality dimensions. Finally, we discuss possible explanations and implications as well as new impulses for information behavior and retrieval research.
Pienapple search: an integrated search interface to support finding, refinding and sharing
Authors: Buivys Martynas , Azzopardi Leif
Published: December 2016

Pienapple is a search interface that aims to combine bookmarking and searching within a blended experience to facilitate improved access, serendipity, and sharing. While personal and social bookmarking platforms already exist, they are often separated from the search system, resulting in an increased effort and complexity because two or more systems need to be used. Instead, Pienapple attempts to lower the overall effort of bookmarking, (re)accessing and sharing by bringing these activities together to provide a more supportive search interface.
Rough co‐citation as a measure of relationship to expand co‐citation networks for scientific paper searches
Authors: Eto Masaki
Published: December 2016

This paper proposes a “rough co‐citation”, which is a measure of relationship to expand co‐citation networks so as to include new relevant documents. A rough co‐citation relationship is a linkage between a pair of documents which are cited by two other documents in a similar citation context. The linkage strength of a rough co‐citation relationship may be weaker than the original co‐citation relationship, because a rough co‐citation relationship is determined by citations in two separate documents. Rough co‐citation linkages, however, may yield new relevant documents that are not identified by the original co‐citation linkages. For example, the rough co‐citation can identify relevant documents that are published after the citing document of the original co‐citation becomes public. This study conducted IR experiments to evaluate the search performances of retrieval methods using the co‐citation networks expanded by the rough co‐citation relationships. Specifically, the random walk with restart, which is one of the latest graph search algorithms, is applied to the expanded and original co‐citation networks. Scores of the normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG@K) are then compared. The results indicate that the search performance of the method using the expanded network outperforms a baseline method using the original network.
Library service design based on the needs of chemistry research data management and sharing survey
Authors: Wu Ming , Chen Xiujuan
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to survey five perspectives of research data in chemistry research process, which including data generation and collection, data recording and processing, data preservation and backup, data management and sharing, needs for data sharing services. By means of questionnaires survey, 119 researchers and graduate students of Chinese Academy of Science in chemistry disciplines provided us with insights in research data management and sharing. The outputs of statistical analytical results help us have a better understanding on their currency attitudes and needs of researchers about their data management and sharing in chemistry disciplines. Although the survey in chemistry discipline, it could be provide us some insights for designing a range of library service, particularly in promotion, consulting and training of research data management and sharing.
The co‐first and co‐corresponding author phenomenon in the pharmacy and anesthesia journals
Authors: Huang Mu‐hsuan , Hsieh Hsiao‐Ting , Lin Chi‐Shiou
Published: December 2016

In this poster, we describe partial findings from a larger study that explored the co‐first and co‐corresponding author phenomenon in two biomedical research areas, pharmacy and anesthesia. The top 10 journals in the two areas by the five‐year impact factor as listed in 2013 JCR were used for the paper sources. A total of 17802 pharmacy papers and 35801 anesthesia papers were included in the analyses. Each paper was manually examined to identify the co‐first and co‐corresponding author papers. In this poster, we will show the distributions of the paper numbers and percentages of the co‐first and co‐corresponding papers over twenty years (1995–2014), the distributions of author numbers sharing the co‐first and co‐corresponding authorship, and the combinations and distributions of the authors' byline positions.
The joy of being a book: Benefits of participation in the human library
Authors: Dobreski Brian , Huang Yun
Published: December 2016

Human libraries are events intended to provide readers with access to the knowledge and lived experiences of their fellow community members. These events are growing in popularity worldwide, and while often hosted by traditional libraries, can take place in a variety of community organization settings. Human library events depend on the services of the “human books” who volunteer to participate, though recruitment of these volunteers remains one of the most challenging aspects of hosting the events. Previous work has shown that human books enjoy participation in these events, though the specific benefits of human libraries for the human books have not been explored. In this study, we analyze the post‐event survey responses of human books from four different human library events hosted by various institutions. Participants reported a variety of benefits ranging from altruistic to more self‐focused. Reviewing their responses, we suggest eight major categories of benefits for human books. Findings hold implications for effectively recruiting and motivating potential human books, as well as how host institutions may adapt human libraries to the needs of their communities.
What do users see when health information with different levels of sensitivity is presented on Facebook?: Preliminary findings with eye tracking techniques
Authors: Syn Sue Yeon
Published: December 2016

Social networking sites are popularly used for health information dissemination. However, little research has been carried out on how users view the disseminated health information. This study using eye tracking techniques investigates how users view presented information differently when health information with various levels of topic sensitivity is presented as topic sensitivity is one of important factors that impacts user's health information behavior on social media. The findings indicate that the content of posts are viewed the most frequently, followed by source information and post information. User engagement elements are viewed depending on the quality of the conversations in the comments. This study utilizes eye tracking techniques and provides further insights into how users view information and various elements differently on Facebook.
What makes online news interesting? Personal and situational interest and the effect on behavioral intentions
Authors: O'Brien Heather L. , McKay Jocelyn
Published: December 2016

We conducted a study in which participants interacted with human‐interest news stories in video, audio or text format. We gathered post‐task impressions of participants' interest in and curiosity about the stories, and their behavioral intentions to link to related content or recommend the stories to others. We explored the individual and situational dimensions of interest in participants' responses, and how these related to behavioral intentions. We discuss implications for information system and study design.
Optical properties of ytterbium‐doped yttrium oxide ceramics
Authors: Solomonov V. I. , Osipov V. V. , Shitov V. A. , Maksimov R. N. , Lipchak A. I.
Published: December 2016

Ytterbium‐doped yttrium oxide (Yb:Y2O3) transparent ceramics with different sintering additives (Lu2O3, Sc2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, or HfO2) were fabricated using nanopowders produced by laser ablation. Transmission and photoluminescence spectra of the obtained ceramics were investigated at room temperature. Highest in‐line transmittance was over 80% at the wavelength of 1060 nm for 2 mm thick Yb:Y2O3 ceramics with zirconium and hafnium. Divalent Yb ions with the ground state electron configuration 4f136s were revealed. The absorption and emission bands caused by s↔s transitions of these ions were observed in the IR spectral range of Yb3+ ions. The superposition of both Yb3+ and Yb2+ emission bands leads to an effective broadening of the whole luminescence band.
Photoluminescence thermal quenching properties of zinc sulfide grown by mist chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Uno Kazuyuki , Asano Yasuyuki , Tanaka Ichiro
Published: December 2016

Photoluminescence (PL) thermal quenching properties of zinc sulfide (ZnS) films, which were grown by mist chemical vapor deposition (mist‐CVD), were systematically investigated. The samples were grown from thiourea‐based solutions at various temperatures. Strong PL emissions related to S vacancies were observed from the sample grown at 600 and 700 °C and their thermal quenching properties were very small. PL spectra from the sample grown at 500 °C contains zinc oxide (ZnO) related peaks. The ZnO related PL peaks has almost no energy shift with the increase of temperature. This would be due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between ZnS and ZnO.
Properties of C‐doped GaN
Authors: Lesnik Andreas , Hoffmann Marc P. , Fariza Aqdas , Bläsing Jürgen , Witte Hartmut , Veit Peter , Hörich Florian , Berger Christoph , Hennig Jonas , Dadgar Armin , Strittmatter André
Published: December 2016

Carbon‐doping in the concentration range from [C] = 5 × 1017 to 1.2 × 1019 cm−3 is employed to achieve semi‐insulating properties of GaN layers as required for electronic power devices. Using propane as a carbon precursor, an independent analysis of the carbon incorporation during growth and its impact on electrical properties of the layers was obtained as growth parameters for optimum GaN quality could be applied. We observe that C is within precision of measurements fully incorporated in GaN as compensating deep acceptor. In a series of Si + C co‐doped samples, semi‐insulating properties were obtained for [C] > [Si] and the compensation efficiency for electrons is around unity. Through the extrinsic C‐doping technique previous ambiguous results on electrical and optical properties of GaN:C layers are clarified.
Unpinning of heavy hole spin in magnetic quantum dots
Authors: Dinu I. V. , Moldoveanu V. , Dragomir R. , Tanatar B.
Published: December 2016

Using the theory and configuration interaction method, we analyze the effect of heavy hole–light hole (HH–LH) mixing in CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with a single manganese (Mn) ion. We find that the hole‐Mn exchange switches the coupling between two excitons whose Luttinger spinors have both HH and LH components. If the magnetic dopant is off‐centered and the QD is subjected to a single pulse the system periodically bounces between bright and dark mostly HH excitons with opposite HH spins. A pump‐and‐probe setup allows to estimate the efficiency of this HH spin unpinning from the biexciton response. The biexciton absorption spectrum is also discussed.
Globally robust explicit model predictive control of constrained systems exploiting SVM‐based approximation
Authors: Wei Caisheng , Luo Jianjun , Dai Honghua , Yin Zeyang , Ma Weihua , Yuan Jianping
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a systematic method to address the reduction of online computational complexity and infeasibility problem of explicit model predictive control for constrained systems under external disturbance. In feasible state space, in order to avoid the expensive database searching procedure, support vector machine‐based approximation is proposed to yield a novel unified explicit optimal control law rather than a piecewise affine one developed by explicit model predictive control. In infeasible state space, through constructing finite maximum control invariant sets around fictitious equilibrium points, a reachable controller is devised to steer the infeasible state asymptotically to the feasible state space without violating the hard constraint. Consequently, global robustness is guaranteed by introducing a minimum robust positively invariant set by means of the tube‐based technique, despite the coexistence of external disturbance and training error. Finally, the performance of the presently proposed control law is evaluated through three groups of numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ca(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cascade Synthesis of Oxindolyl‐ Naphthofurans through Meyer‐Schuster type Rearrangement
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Dada Ravikrishna , Singh Garima , Pareek Abhishek , Rana Monika , Sharma Anuj K.
Published: December 2016

Highly regioselective synthesis of 3‐Oxindolyl naphthofurans has been described through an interesting Meyer‐Schuster (M−S) type rearrangement followed by oxacyclisation using environmentally benign calcium salt. This synthetic protocol is ornamented with many of the green synthetic aspects such as solvent free, one pot cascade, ‐atom economy, step economy and the use of calcium salt which is highly abundant in the nature. The selected compounds were tested for their preliminary anti‐amyloidogenic properties to highlight the importance of such compounds and methodologies.
Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity Studies of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition of Mechanochemically Processed Oxalate Precursor
Authors: Sood Saloni , Kumar Arun , Sharma Neeraj
Published: December 2016

The ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by thermal decomposition of zinc oxalate precursor ZnC2O4.2H2O synthesized by a simple solution‐free mechanochemical method. Thermogravimetric analysis/Differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) studies of oxalate precursor showed it to undergo two step decomposition yielding zinc oxide nanoparticles. The ZnO NPs have been thoroughly characterized by Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV‐Visible techniques. XRD pattern showed that nanoparticles present hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO with high crystallinity. The Rietveld's refinement of the XRD pattern has shown the average grain size of the as synthesized nanoparticles to be 13 nm. The photocatalytic activity of as prepared ZnO NPs studied using Methyl Orange (MO) as probe molecule have effected ∼90 % degradation of 0.045 mM of MO in 100 min at catalyst load of 1.5 g L−1. As prepared ZnO NPs photocatalyst are appreciably stable and reusable. The antibacterial activity study of ZnO NPs assayed against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosaandEnterobacter aerogenes by MIC method has shown that as prepared ZnO NPs constitute effective antibacterial agents.
Bimetallic AgPd Nanoparticles Immobilized on Amine‐Functionalized SBA‐15 as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid
Authors: Wan Chao , Yao Fang , Li Xiao , Hu Kai , Ye Mingfu , Xu Lixin , An Yue
Published: December 2016

HCOOH (FA) is considered as a potential hydrogen‐storage material. The chemically stored hydrogen in FA can be catalytically released even at room temperature, which can be utilized by polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, in order to make FA a feasible hydrogen‐storage medium, it is necessary to find catalysts with superior performance that enable it to produce hydrogen under moderate conditions. Herein, for the first time to our knowledge, we report amine‐functionalized SBA‐15 (SBA‐15‐Amine)‐supported bimetallic AgPd nanoparticles with various molar ratios through a facile co‐reduction method for serve as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation reaction of FA. As indicated by the turnover frequency (TOF), the performance of these catalysts depended on their composition. Among all the prepared AgPd/SBA‐15‐Amine catalysts, Ag1Pd9/SBA‐15‐Amine exhibited exceedingly high activity for the dehydrogenation of FA to yield high‐quality H2 at 323 K, with a maximum TOF of 964 h−1 and 100 % selectivity. It is revealed that the catalyst exhibits stable catalytic performance after multiple usage cycles. Therefore, the catalyst we developed can be a potential candidate for prompting the widespread utilization of FA as a hydrogen‐storage material.
Cobalt–Nickel Layered Double Hydroxides Modified on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Highly Efficient and Stable PEC Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Weijian , Wang Taotao , Xue Jiawei , Li Shikuo , Wang Zidan , Sun Song
Published: December 2016

TiO2‐based photoanodes have attracted extensive attention worldwide for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but these materials still suffer from poor electron–hole separation and low photoconversion efficiency. Here, the high PEC water splitting activity and long‐term stability against photocorrosion of well‐aligned hierarchical TiO2@CoNi‐layered double hydroxides nanotube arrays (TiO2@CoNi‐LDHs NTAs) are reported. The typical TiO2@CoNi‐LDHs NTAs exhibits enhancing photocurrent density of 4.4 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.23 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight (100 mW cm−2), 3.3 times higher than that of the pristine TiO2 sample. Moreover, this hierarchical electrode displays excellent stability against photocorrosion with initial activity loss no more than 1.0% even after 10 h irradiation in Na2SO4 electrolyte solution (pH 6.8), much competitive to those reported TiO2‐based photoelectrodes. This work may offer a combinatorial synthesis strategy for the preparation of hierarchical architectures with high PEC performances.
Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acids for Regulating Long Noncoding RNAs in the Nucleus
Authors: Sprangers Anthony J. , Hao Liangliang , Banga Resham J. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: December 2016

Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are actively involved in a number of developmental and tumorigenic processes. Here, the authors describe the first successful use of spherical nucleic acids as an effective nanoparticle platform for regulating lncRNAs in cells; specifically, for the targeted knockdown of the nuclear‐retained metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1), a key oncogenic lncRNA involved in metastasis of several cancers. Utilizing the liposomal spherical nucleic acid (LSNA) constructs, the authors first explored the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to the nucleus. A dose‐dependent inhibition of Malat1 upon LSNA treatment as well as the consequent up‐regulation of tumor suppressor messenger RNA associated with Malat1 knockdown are shown. These findings reveal the biologic and therapeutic potential of a LSNA‐based antisense strategy in targeting disease‐associated, nuclear‐retained lncRNAs.
Worm‐Shape Pt Nanocrystals Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Low‐Defect Graphene Sheets: Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Huang Huajie , Ma Lulu , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Jiang Quanguo , Yin Kuibo , Zhou Wu , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: December 2016

Although direct methanol fuel cell offers high energy use efficiency and low pollution emission, the lack of suitable electrode materials poses a great challenge to its commercial application. Herein, a facile and scalable approach is developed to fabricate a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of strongly coupled worm‐shape Pt nanocrystals and nitrogen‐doped low‐defect graphene (N‐LDG) sheets. Interestingly, it is found that the formation of Pt nanoworms (NWs) is induced by the N atoms in the high‐quality carbon matrix, which also allows the integration of their respective structural advantages and leads to a strong synergetic coupling effect. As a result, the obtained Pt NW/N‐LDG catalyst exhibits an extremely high mass activity of 1283.1 mA mg−1 toward methanol oxidation reaction, accompanied by reliable long‐term stability and good antipoisoning ability, which are dramatically enhanced as compared with conventional Pt nanoparticle catalysts dispersed on undoped LDG, reduced graphene oxide, and commercial carbon black supports.
Harnessing Three Dimensional Anatomy of Graphene Foam to Induce Superior Damping in Hierarchical Polyimide Nanostructures
Authors: Nautiyal Pranjal , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind
Published: December 2016

Graphene foam‐based hierarchical polyimide composites with nanoengineered interface are fabricated in this study. Damping behavior of graphene foam is probed for the first time. Multiscale mechanisms contribute to highly impressive damping in graphene foam. Rippling, spring‐like interlayer van der Waals interactions and flexing of graphene foam branches are believed to be responsible for damping at the intrinsic, interlayer and anatomical scales, respectively. Merely 1.5 wt% graphene foam addition to the polyimide matrix leads to as high as ≈300% improvement in loss tangent. Graphene nanoplatelets are employed to improve polymer–foam interfacial adhesion by arresting polymer shrinkage during imidization and π–π interactions between nanoplatelets and foam walls. As a result, damping behavior is further improved due to effective stress transfer from the polymer matrix to the foam. Thermo‐oxidative stability of these nanocomposites is investigated by exposing the specimens to glass transition temperature of the polyimide (≈400 °C). The composites are found to retain their damping characteristics even after being subjected to such extreme temperature, attesting their suitability in high temperature structural applications. Their unique hierarchical nanostructure provides colossal opportunity to engineer and program material properties.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-3 Supports Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Residence Within the Bone Marrow Niche
Authors: Ogle Molly E. , Olingy Claire E. , Awojoodu Anthony O. , Das Anusuya , Ortiz Rafael A. , Cheung Hoi Yin , Botchwey Edward A.
Published: December 2016

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) egress from bone marrow (BM) during homeostasis and at increased rates during stress; however, the mechanisms regulating their trafficking remain incompletely understood. Here we describe a novel role for lipid receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), in HSPC residence within the BM niche. HSPCs expressed increased levels of S1PR3 compared to differentiated BM cells. Pharmacological antagonism or knockout (KO) of S1PR3 mobilized HSPCs into blood circulation, suggesting that S1PR3 influences niche localization. S1PR3 antagonism suppressed BM and plasma SDF-1, enabling HSPCs to migrate toward S1P-rich plasma. Mobilization synergized with AMD3100-mediated antagonism of CXCR4, which tethers HSPCs in the niche, and recovered homing deficits of AMD3100-treated grafts. S1PR3 antagonism combined with AMD3100 improved re-engraftment and survival in lethally irradiated recipients. Our studies indicate that S1PR3 and CXCR4 signaling cooperate to maintain HSPCs within the niche under homeostasis. These results highlight an important role for S1PR3 in HSPC niche occupancy and trafficking that can be harnessed for both rapid clinical stem cell mobilization and re-engraftment strategies, as well as the opportunity to design novel therapeutics for control of recruitment, homing, and localization through bioactive lipid signaling.
Quantification of radial arterial pulse characteristics change during exercise and recovery
Authors: Wang Anran , Yang Lin , Wen Weimin , Zhang Song , Hao Dongmei , Khalid Syed G. , Zheng Dingchang
Published: December 2016

It is physiologically important to understand the arterial pulse waveform characteristics change during exercise and recovery. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive investigation. This study aimed to provide scientific evidence on the arterial pulse characteristics change during exercise and recovery. Sixty-five healthy subjects were studied. The exercise loads were gradually increased from 0 to 125 W for female subjects and to 150 W for male subjects. Radial pulses were digitally recorded during exercise and 4-min recovery. Four parameters were extracted from the raw arterial pulse waveform, including the pulse amplitude, width, pulse peak and dicrotic notch time. Five parameters were extracted from the normalized radial pulse waveform, including the pulse peak and dicrotic notch position, pulse Area, Area1 and Area2 separated by notch point. With increasing loads during exercise, the raw pulse amplitude increased significantly with decreased pulse period, reduced peak and notch time. From the normalized pulses, the pulse Area, pulse Area1 and Area2 decreased, respectively, from 38 ± 4, 61 ± 5 and 23 ± 5 at rest to 34 ± 4, 52 ± 6 and 13 ± 5 at 150-W exercise load. During recovery, an opposite trend was observed. This study quantitatively demonstrated significant changes of radial pulse characteristics during different exercise loads and recovery phases.
Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out
Authors: Oberst Ursula , Wegmann Elisa , Stodt Benjamin , Brand Matthias , Chamarro Andrés
Published: December 2016

Social networking sites (SNS) are especially attractive for adolescents, but it has also been shown that these users can suffer from negative psychological consequences when using these sites excessively. We analyze the role of fear of missing out (FOMO) and intensity of SNS use for explaining the link between psychopathological symptoms and negative consequences of SNS use via mobile devices. In an online survey, 1468 Spanish‐speaking Latin‐American social media users between 16 and 18 years old completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Social Networking Intensity scale (SNI), the FOMO scale (FOMOs), and a questionnaire on negative consequences of using SNS via mobile device (CERM). Using structural equation modeling, it was found that both FOMO and SNI mediate the link between psychopathology and CERM, but by different mechanisms. Additionally, for girls, feeling depressed seems to trigger higher SNS involvement. For boys, anxiety triggers higher SNS involvement.
Promoting Civility in the OR: An Ethical Imperative
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Kenski Diane
Published: December 2016

Recognizing, addressing, and preventing incivility in the health care environment, including the perioperative area, requires an intentional and informed approach to foster healthy workplaces and protect patient safety. Several important foundational documents and position statements speak directly to the nurse's responsibility to protect patient, coworker, and personal safety and promote civility and respect. In the complex, fast‐paced environment of the OR, the pressure to meet patient needs, performance outcomes, and patient safety standards can lead to conflict and incivility. In this article, we present a case‐based scenario to illustrate a multilevel evidence‐based response to an uncivil encounter that could negatively affect patient safety in the OR. After the scenario, we discuss the responses to the encounter from the organization, the nurse manager, and the individual nurse. When nurses speak up and resolve issues, they report better patient outcomes, greater satisfaction in the workplace, and heightened organizational commitment.
Using Simulation to Implement an OR Cardiac Arrest Crisis Checklist
Authors: Dagey Darleen
Published: December 2016

Crisis checklists are cognitive aids used to coordinate care during critical events. Simulation training is a method to validate process improvement initiatives such as checklist implementation. In response to concerns staff members expressed regarding their comfort level when responding to infrequent occurrences such as cardiac arrest and other OR emergencies, the OR Comprehensive Unit‐based Safety Program team at our facility decided to institute the use of crisis checklists in the OR during critical events. We provided 90‐minute education sessions, simulation opportunities, and debriefings to help staff members become more comfortable using these checklists. Based on program evaluations, 80% of staff members who participated in the training expressed an increased comfort level when caring for a patient in cardiac arrest.
Improving Staff Knowledge of Perioperative Regulated‐Waste Management
Authors: Perrego Kristen
Published: December 2016

The mismanagement of regulated waste is a costly issue for many health care facilities. Our facility undertook a quality improvement project to determine whether increasing staff members’ knowledge of regulated‐waste management would reduce its mismanagement in the surgical setting. I designed a mandatory online learning module for all perioperative staff members and obtained consent from participants to use their test scores. I also designed pre‐ and posteducation audits to identify the total mass of regulated waste produced in the department and to categorize which items were nonregulated according to facility standards. Personnel achieved a 41% reduction in the total mass of regulated waste sampled and a 77% reduction in nonregulated item mass. The results of the audits determined that perioperative staff members are more likely to improve compliance with the disposal of regulated waste after increasing their knowledge base.
Effects of previous physical exercise to chronic stress on long‐term aversive memory and oxidative stress in amygdala and hippocampus of rats
Authors: dos Santos Tiago Marcon , Kolling Janaína , Siebert Cassiana , Biasibetti Helena , Bertó Carolina Gessinger , Grun Lucas Kich , Dalmaz Carla , Barbé‐Tuana Florencia María , Wyse Angela T.S.
Published: December 2016

Since stressful situations are considered risk factors for the development of depression and there are few studies evaluating prevention therapies for this disease, in the present study we evaluated the effect of previous physical exercise in animals subjected to chronic variable stress (CVS), an animal model of depression, on behavior tasks. We also investigated some parameters of oxidative stress and Na+, K+‐ATPase activity, immunocontent and gene expression of alpha subunits in amygdala and hippocampus of rats. Young male rats were randomized into four study groups (control, exercised, stressed, exercised + stressed). The animals were subjected to controlled exercise treadmill for 20 min,three times a week, for two months prior to submission to the CVS (40 days). Results show that CVS impaired performance in inhibitory avoidance at 24 h and 7 days after training session. CVS induced oxidative stress, increasing reactive species, lipoperoxidation and protein damage, and decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase was decreased, but the immunocontents and gene expression of catalytic subunits were not altered. The previous physical exercise was able to improve performance in inhibitory avoidance at 24 h after training; additionally, exercise prevented oxidative damage, but was unable to reverse completely the changes observed on the enzymatic activities. Our findings suggest that physical exercise during the developmental period may protect against aversive memory impairment and brain oxidative damage caused by chronic stress exposure later in life.
Cross‐validation of optimized composites for preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Donohue Michael C. , Sun Chung‐Kai , Raman Rema , Insel Philip S. , Aisen Paul S. ,   North American Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle,   Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2016

Introduction

We discuss optimization and validation of composite end points for presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease clinical trials. Optimized composites offer hope of substantial gains in statistical power or reduction in sample size. But there is tradeoff between optimization and face validity such that optimization should only be considered if there is a convincing rationale. As with statistically derived regions of interest in neuroimaging, validation on independent data sets is essential.

Methods

Using four data sets, we consider the optimized weighting of four components of a cognitive composite which includes measures of (1) global cognition, (2) semantic memory, (3) episodic memory, and (4) executive function. Weights are optimized to either discriminate amyloid positivity or maximize power to detect a treatment effect in an amyloid‐positive population. We apply repeated 5 × 3‐fold cross‐validation to quantify the out‐of‐sample performance of optimized composite end points.

Results

We found the optimized weights varied greatly across the folds of the cross‐validation with either optimization method. Both optimization methods tend to down‐weight the measures of global cognition and executive function. However, when these optimized composites were applied to the validation sets, they did not provide consistent improvements in power. In fact, overall, the optimized composites performed worse than those without optimization.

Discussion

We find that component weight optimization does not yield valid improvements in sensitivity of this composite to detect treatment effects.
Optimizing Inpatient Urine Culture Ordering Practices Using the Electronic Medical Record: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shirley Daniel , Scholtz Harry , Osterby Kurt , Musuuza Jackson , Fox Barry , Safdar Nasia
Published: December 2016

A prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study of an electronic medical record–anchored intervention of embedded education on appropriate urine culture indications and indication selection reduced the number of urine cultures ordered for catheterized patients at an academic medical center. This intervention could be a component of CAUTI-reduction bundles.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:486–488
On David Gauthier’s Theories of Coordination and Cooperation
Authors: SUGDEN ROBERT
Published: December 2016

In 1975, Gauthier discussed Schelling’spure coordination gamesand Hodgson’sHi-Lo game. While developing an original analysis of how rational players coordinate on ‘focal points,’ Gauthier argued, contrary to Schelling and Hodgson, that successful coordination in these games does not depend on deviations from conventional principles of individually rational choice. I argue that Gauthier’s analysis of constrained maximization inMorals by Agreement, which famously deviates from conventional game theory, has significant similarities with Schelling’s and Hodgson’s analyses of coordination. Constrained maximization can be thought of as a pragmatic and contractarian variant of the team-reasoning approach pioneered by Hodgson.
Social Contract: The Only Game in Town
Authors: NARVESON JAN
Published: December 2016

David Gauthier once said that the social contract offers ‘the only game in town’ if we hope for a rational morality. I argue that he’s correct. Morality consists of rules notionally directed at everyone everywhere. Only individual people are rational, and they have varying interests. The social contract proposes principles that everyone would, in view of their social and environmental circumstances, agree to as constraining their separate pursuits of their ends. There is no other rational way to understand morals, and so it is indeed the only game in town.
Fictions of Race: American Indian Policies in Nineteenth-Century British North American Fiction
Authors: GODEANU-KENWORTHY OANA
Published: December 2016

This article explores the hemispheric and transatlantic uses of race and empire as tropes of settler-colonial otherness in the novelThe Canadian Brothers(1840) by Canadian author John Richardson. In this pre-Confederation historical novel, Richardson contrasts the imperial British discourse of racial tolerance, and the British military alliances with the Natives in the War of 1812, with the brutality of American Indian policies south of the border, in an effort to craft a narrative of Canadian difference from, and incompatibility with, American culture. At the same time, the author's critical attitude towards all European military and commercial interventions in the New World illuminates the rootedness of both American and Canadian settler colonialisms in British imperialism, and exposes the arbitrariness and constructedness of the political boundaries dividing the continent.