bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propiedad intelectual y distorsión de la competencia: el caso de Estados Unidos
Authors: De la Puente Mario , De la Puente Laura
Published: March 2017

En este artículo se analizan las patentes como instrumentos de distorsión del principio de libre mercado para el caso de Estados Unidos desde una perspectiva filosófico-económica a partir de un análisis hermenéutico que se complemente con instrumentos cuantitativos. Se encuentran impactos negativos en materia de innovación, investigación y desarrollo de actores económicos para el desarrollo, distribución, comercialización e incluso consumo de bienes por incertidumbre jurídica sobre el permiso de utilización de un invento, así como las limitaciones logísticas que impiden una mayor rigurosidad en el análisis y procedimiento de solicitudes de patentes.
Editorial
Authors: Bernal Angélica
Published: March 2017

La Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano se complacen al presentar el número 2 de Razón Crítica - Revista de Estudios Jurídicos, Sociales y Humanos. En esta nueva entrega el equipo responsable asumió la difícil tarea de estructurar un número que le permita a la publicación continuar en la senda de la alta calidad a partir de la divulgación de artículos que presentan resultados de investigación en diversos campos disciplinares de las ciencias sociales.
Perspectives on the Neurobiology of Antipsychotic Drugs in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors:   PPG-Ciências da reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Berrío Jenny , Wang Weiwen ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China, Ellenbroek Bart A. ,   School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
Published: March 2017

Antipsychotics have been a pillar in the treatment of schizophrenia since their introduction more than 60 years ago. Their variety in structures and receptor binding properties confers on them a complex clinical profile of effectiveness and risk of adverse side-effects. Although antipsychotics are best known for their therapeutic effects in schizophrenia, these are limited to the positive symptoms, with much less influence on negative symptoms or cognitive deficits. Moreover, although the newer (so-called second-generation) antipsychotics were thought to have superior clinical profiles, this opinion has been undermined by most recent large-scale studies and meta-analyses. In fact, the beneficial effects of all antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia are remarkably similar, with the possible exception of clozapine. However, some evidence suggests differences in the side-effect profiles between the first- and second-generation drugs. Moreover, several of the second-generation antipsychotics are now also approved for several other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism spectrum disorders. In this review, we discuss the clinical usefulness of antipsychotics, their possible mode of action and describe the limitations of their use.
VALIDATED CHIRAL RP-UFLC METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF CHLORTHALIDONE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Choezom Tenzin , Gurupadayya Bannimath
Published: March 2017

Objective: Development and validation of new, simple and reliable enantioselective reverse phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) method for quantification of chlorthalidone in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: In the present study, the isocratic RP-UFLC method was developed on Phenomenex® Lux cellulose 4 column (250×4.6 mm, 5µ) and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.6): methanol (40:60 v/v) as mobile phase. Elute was monitored at 240 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min.Results: The described method provided linear correlation (R2=0.999) between the range of 2-10 µg/ml. Chlorthalidone enantiomers showed good resolution with a retention time (tR) of 5.75 min and 7.46 min respectively. The precision of the method revealed that relative standard deviation is within the acceptable limit. The percentage recovery of each chlorthalidone enantiomers was found to be 99.98% and 100.09% respectively. The method was validated in accordance with ICH harmonized tripartite guidelines, validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2 (R1).Conclusion: An economical, accurate, sensitive and precise RP-UFLC method was developed and fully validated for quality control analysis of chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Experience of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Pokharel Nabin , Sapkota Prakash , Chhetri Binay Khatri , Shakhya Rajan , Thapa Sunil
Published: March 2017

Introduction: The difficult gallbladder is the most common difficult laparoscopy being performed by generalsurgeons all over the world and the potential one that places the patient at significant risk. The present study aimed to study all the cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy conducted in current setup at Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, to compare the results with the published literature and also analyze the complications and ways to decrease the incidence of conversion to open procedure.

 

Methods: Five hundred twenty five patients age 10-90 years, male:female ratio of 1:3.86 with body weight 45-65 kilogram, who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis without choledocholithiasis from April 2011 to April 2013 were studied.

 

Results: All the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were without major complications. Only nineteen out of five hundred twentyfive (3.6%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC). Reasons for conversion included: dense omental or visceral adhesions; two (0.38%), unclear anatomy; 16 (3.04%), common bile duct injury; one (0.19%). There were 20 cases of shrunken gallbladder suspicious of malignancy but didn’t required conversion.

 

Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred method in our setup even in difficult cases.
INCORPORATION OF NEW TURBULENT CLOSURE SCHEMES IN THE PRINCETON OCEAN MODEL (POM)
Authors: Souza José Francisco Almeida de , Azevedo José Luiz Lima de , Oliveira Leopoldo Rota de , Soares Ivan Dias , Mata Maurício Magalhães
Published: March 2017

One of the most challenging issues in oceanography is the simulation of the mixing processes, which are responsible for diffusion of momentum, heat, salt, sediments etc. In the modeling of flow, the hydrodynamic model simulates the properties of the mean flow while the turbulence model, coupled to the first, is responsible for simulating the mixing processes. In this article it is used the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), which includes the well known turbulent closure model q2 − q2L of Mellor & Yamada (1982), level 2.5. To add flexibility to the modeling, the k − ε and k − ω models, which belong to the same class of models, are incorporated into the POM and two test cases, one involving the deepening of the oceanic mixed layer and the other addressing the estuarine circulation, are carried out to allow the quality assessment of the models implementation in the computer code. The tests indicated that the model implementation was adequate. Comparing with the original model available in the Princeton Ocean Model, the results showed that the model k − ε tends to overestimate the mixed layer, while the model k − ω underestimates it, within an acceptable range of tolerance. In terms of estuarine circulation, the k − ε and k − ω models showed a greater capacity of mixing at the bottom of the estuarine mixing zone and also at the surface layer.RESUMO: Uma das questões mais desafiadoras em oceanografia é a simulação dos processos de mistura, responsáveis pela difusão de momentum, calor, sal, sedimentos etc. Na modelagem de escoamentos, o modelo hidrodinâmico simula as propriedades do escoamento médio, enquanto o modelo de turbulência, acoplado ao primeiro, é o responsável por simular os processos de mistura. Nesse artigo é utilizado o Princeton Ocean Model (POM), o qual traz acoplado o conhecido esquema de fechamento turbulento q2 − q2L de Mellor & Yamada (1982), n´ıvel 2.5. Para adicionar flexibilidade à modelagem, os modelos k − ε e k − ω, da mesma categoria de modelos, são incorporados ao POM e dois casos-teste, um envolvendo o aprofundamento da camada de mistura oceânica e o outro a circulação estuarina, são realizados para permitir a avaliação da qualidade da implementação dos modelos no código computacional. Os testes indicaram que a implementação dos modelos foi adequada. Tendo como referência o modelo original do POM, os resultados mostraram que o modelo k − ε tende a superestimar a camada de mistura, enquanto o k − ω a subestima, numa faixa aceitável de tolerância. Em termos de circulação estuarina, os modelos k − ε e k − ω apresentaram uma maior capacidade de mistura tanto no fundo da zona de mistura estuarina como na camada superficial.Palavras-chave: modelos de turbulência, processos de mistura, modelos a duas equações, camada de mistura, circulação estuarina.
INDEX AND PROBABILITY MAPS OF OCCURRENCE OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS: A PROPOSED GEOPHYSICAL APPROACH DEVELOPED IN CURRAL NOVO DO PIAUÍ (PI) STATE – BRAZIL
Authors: Sato Enos Nobuo , De Almeida Teodoro Isnard Ribeiro , Dias Vilson Marques , Yamamoto Jorge Kazuo , Cavallaro Francisco De Assis , Santana Washington Rydz Rebouças
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. This article shows the results of the development of a procedure called TC-ASA index which is based on the contrast of magnetic and radiometric properties between host rocks and the mineralization, being interpreted as the probability of occurrence and deﬁning ambience where iron formation to occur. It consists in subtracting the values of total count (TC) from the analytic signal (ASA), which are products of gammaspectrometry and magnetic methods, respectively. This index was applied to the actual data referring to the iron formations of Curral Novo do Piau´ı, where the main mineral is magnetite, thus characterized by high magnetic susceptibility and often associated with metabasic rocks. These rocks often present low concentration of radioactive elements, enabling the identiﬁcation of geological environment with potential for occurrence of iron ore. The use of this procedure allowed for the reduction of the exploration area, providing a fast target selection for geological mapping, geochemistry and ground geophysics. In addition, it supplies with important elements that will assist mining companies in setting strategic priorities.Keywords: iron ore exploration, probability of occurrence maps, gammaspectrometry, magnetometry. RESUMO. Este trabalho mostra os resultados do desenvolvimento de um procedimento aqui denominado Índice TC-ASA que tem por base o contraste de propriedades magnéticas e radiométricas entre as rochas encaixantes e a mineralização, sendo interpretado como probabilidade de ocorrência e delimitando ambiências propícias a ocorrências de formações ferríferas. Tal procedimento consiste na subtração dos valores de contagem total (CT) dos valores do sinal analítico (ASA), que são produtos dos métodos geofísicos gamaespectrométrico e magnetométrico, respectivamente. Este índice foi aplicado a dados reais coletados nas formações ferríferas de Curral Novo do Piauí, cujo principal mineral é a magnetita, caracterizada pela suscetibilidade alta e frequentemente associada à metabásicas. Estas rochas normalmente têm baixa concentração de elementos radioativos, possibilitando a identiﬁcação de ambiências geológicas potenciais para ocorrencia deste tipo de minério. A utilização deste procedimento permitiu a diminuição da área de pesquisa em estudo de reconaissance proporcionando uma rápida seleção de alvos para mapeamento geológico, geoquímica e geofísica terrestre. Além disto, proporciona elementos importantes que auxiliam as empresas de exploração mineral na deﬁnição de suas prioridades estratégicas.Palavras-chave: prospecção de minério de ferro, mapas de probabilidade de ocorrência, gamaespectrometria, magnetometria.
GPR APPLIED TO RIGID PAVEMENT FROM SANTOS DUMONT AIRPORT, RJ
Authors: Borges Welitom Rodrigues , Da Silva Luís Anselmo , Da Cunha Luciano Soares , Branco Raimundo Mariano Gomes Castelo , Farias Márcio Muniz de
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the results of a research performed by using Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) to evaluate the structure of the rigid pavement ofSantos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The GPR data profiles were acquired with 250 and 700 MHz shielded antennas. The geophysical investigation wasperformed along of 6 profiles, totaling 1432 meters of GPR sections. For calibration of the speed of propagation of electromagnetic wave were drilled three boreholesuntil the depth of 1.8 m. The results of GPR allowed the precise delineation of reflectors related to geotechnical interfaces (pavement thickness – concrete slab andmacadam) and geological (sand/embankment soil), showing the efficiency of this method in this case study.Keywords: GPR, concrete, rigid pavement, Santos Dumont Airport. RESUMO. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida usando Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) para avaliar a estrutura do pavimento rígido do pátio de manobras de aeronaves do Aeroporto Santos Dumont, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para isso foram usadas antenas blindadas com frequências de250MHz e de 700 MHz. Os dados de GPR foram adquiridos no modo common offset , ao longo de 6 perfis que totalizam 1432 metros de investigação. Para a calibração da velocidade de propagação da onda eletromagnética foram executados três furos de sondagem até a profundidade de 1,8 m. Os resultados de GPR possibilitaram odelineamento preciso de refletores relacionados a interfaces geotécnicas (espessura do pavimento – revestimento de concreto e do macadame) e geológicas (areia/aterrocom entulho), mostrando a eficiência da aplicação deste método neste estudo de caso.Palavras-chave: GPR, concreto, pavimento rígido, Aeroporto Santos Dumont.
THE PALAEO-DRAINAGE OF THE LA PLATA RIVER IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL CONTINENTAL SHELF
Authors: Corrêa Iran Carlos Stalliviere , Medeanic Svetlana , Weschenfelder Jair , Júnior Elírio Ernestino Toldo , Nunes José Carlos , Baitelli Ricardo
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. This paper addresses the characterization of the geomorphology and palaeo-evolution of the La Plata River on the south Brazilian continental shelf,through bathymetric data and sedimentary and palynological analysis from sediment core samples. The analysis allowed us to characterize a transgressive depositionalsequence in the La Plata River palaeo-channel. The palynological sequences revealed continental fresh water environments, that involved into lagoonal and mixohalineenvironments and then into shallow marine environments towards the top, thus characterizing a fluvial-estuarine environment. These new data offer sufficient informationto establish the palaeo-geographic evolution of the La Plata River palaeo-channel and its local influence on the sedimentation of the Rio Grande do Sul Statecontinental shelf.Keywords: palaeo-valley, continental shelf, marine transgression, La Plata River. RESUMO. O presente trabalho trata da evolução e caracterização geomorfológica do paleocanal do rio de La Plata sobre a plataforma continental sul-brasileira.A partir da análise de dados de levantamento batimétrico e da obtenção de testemunhos no paleocanal, coletados para fins de estudo morfológico, sedimentológico epalinológico, foi possível identificar sequências deposicionais transgressivas. Os registros palinológicos evidenciaram ambientes com influência continental de água doce, migrando para lagunar, mixohalino e marinho raso, em direção ao topo dos testemunhos, caracterizando um ambiente fluvio-estuarino. Os resultados obtidoscontribuem para o estabelecimento da evolução paleogeográfica e da influência do paleocanal do rio de La Plata na sedimentação, de parte, da plataforma continentaldo Rio Grande do Sul.Palavras-chave: paleovale, plataforma continental, transgressão marinha, rio de La Plata.
THE INITIAL STEPS FOR DEVELOPING THE SOUTH AMERICAN K INDEX FROM THE EMBRACE MAGNETOMETER NETWORK
Authors: Denardini Clezio Marcos , Da Silva Marlos Rockenbach , Gende Mauricio Alfredo , Chen Sony Su , Fagundes Paulo Roberto , Schuch Nelson Jorge , Petry Adriano , Resende Laysa Cristina Araújo , Moro Juliano , Padilha Antonio Lopes , Sant’Anna Nilson , Alves Livia Ribeiro
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. In this paper we present the first steps given towards the development of the South American K index (Ksa) based on the measurements made by the Embrace Magnetometer Network. We present: (a) a description of the magnetometer and of the network; (b) the procedure used to calibrate the network equipments; (c) the procedure to obtain each station K scale and its corresponding upper limits of ranges for the three-hour-range station K index (thereafter referred as K9 threshold); and (d) some particularities regarding the Quiet Day Curve (QDC) deviation and its long term variation.Keywords: space weather, magnetic index, magnetometer network, aeronomy.RESUMO. No presente artigo, apresentamos os primeiros passos realizados para desenvolvermos o índice K sul-americano (Ksa) baseado nas medidas feitas pela rede Embrace de magnetômetros. Apresentamos (a) uma descrição do equipamento utilizado, bem como da rede de magnetômetros; (b) o procedimento adotado para calibrar todos os equipamentos individuais da rede; (c) o procedimento para se obter a escala K de cada estação magnética e o seu correspondente limite superior para o índice K de três horas (doravante denominado limiar K9); e (d) algumas particularidades com respeito à obtenção da curva do Dia Quieto (QDC) e suas variações de longos períodos.Palavras-chave: clima espacial, índice magn´etico, rede de magnetômetros, aeronomia.
OCEANOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CAMAMU BAY (14◦S, BRAZIL) DURING DRY AND WET CONDITIONS
Authors: De Amorim Fabiola Negreiros , Rezende Lucio Figueiredo , Cirano Mauro , Lessa Guilherme Camargo , Hajte Vanessa , Silva Paulo Manuel Da Cruz Alves da
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. The Camamu bay (BCM), located at central coast of Bahia, is a pristine region which has been the target of oil and gas activities that could put in jeopardy the whole...RESUMO. A baía de Camamu (BCM), localizada na porção central do litoral bahiano, é uma região considerada intocada que vem sendo alvo de atividades de exploração de óleo e gás, que...
QUARTZ PROSPECTING WITH INDUCED POLARIZATION (IP) AND RESISTIVITY BY USING GRADIENT AND DIPOLE-DIPOLE ARRAYS
Authors: Gallas José Domingos Faraco
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT. Geophysical surveys were accomplished in Bahia, Brazil, and they aimed at detecting resistivity and/or IP geophysical anomalies that may be correlated to large quartz mass occurrences that, in some cases, may have economic interest (hyaline high-quality quartz or quartz with rutile inclusions). These quartz masses occur in granitic rocks. The indirect geophysical detection of quartz masses was possible, however it could not differentiate the aforementioned types of quartz. After digging wells and trenches, the presence of milky quartz masses, without economic interest, was confirmed.Keywords: resistivity, IP, quartz prospecting. RESUMO. Os levantamentos geofísicos foram efetuados no interior da Bahia, Brasil, e tiveram como objetivo a detecção de anomalias geofísicas de resistividade e/ou IP que pudessem ser correlacionáveis às ocorrências de grandes massas quartzosas que, em alguns casos, podem conter quartzo de interesse econômico – quartzo hialino de boa qualidade ou com inclusões de rutilo. Estas massas quartzosas estão contidas em rochas de composição granítica. A detecção de massas quartzosas por meios geofísicos indiretos foi possível, contudo não permitiu diferenciar os tipos de quartzo supracitados. Conforme confirmações posteriores com escavação de poços e trincheiras, os resultados detectaram a presença das massas quartzosas, porém de quartzo leitoso, sem interesse econômico.Palavras-chave: resistividade, IP, prospecção de quartzo.
Pricing strategy of closed-loop supply chain under disruptions
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Liu Jiaguo , Li Yongli , Zhou Xuelong
Published: March 2017

The aim of this paper is to understand how disruptions effect on closed-loop
supply chain, and how to achieve the coordination of closed-loop supply chain
under disruptions situation for the whole supply chain system.
Design/methodology/approach- This paper analyzed the effect caused by the
disruptions of the closed-loop supply chain from both supply and demand , and
applied the established margin profits sharing contract to achieve
coordination under the disruptions. Findings- From both supply side and
demand side, it drew how the disruptions affect the closed-loop supply chain.
When the disruptions have less effect on the forward and reverse cost of
closed-loop supply chain, the impact of the closed-loop supply chain is
controllable; when the disruptions have lager effect on the forward and
reverse cost of closed-loop supply chain, the impact of the closed-loop
supply chain is uncontrollable. Research limitations/implications- In this
paper, the contract costs are ignored for zero. While in actual situation, to
maintain the efficient implementation of this contract must spend
considerable cost. Sometimes the cost may be too high to become hinder
between manufacturers and retailers. This paper also does not make in-depth
study on this issue, so it will be further study in the future.
Originality/value- This paper also designed a set of differential profit
sharing contract based on revenue sharing contract mechanism. The contract is
easy to be managed, easy to be operated, making the closed-loop supply chain
system can achieve coordination whether in steady state or under disruptions.
Research on investment and financing mode of urban infrastructure under perspective of cost management
Authors: Chen Rongda , Cheng Diandian , Lv Zhihong , Jin Yifeng , Du Hejia , Chen Huiwen
Published: March 2017

In the wave of globalization, central parts of large cities are growing
exponentially. As the phenomenon is expected to continue, the city and the
state are expected to compete with each other in the future. However, the
main factor that influences urban competitiveness, construction of
infrastructure, continues to put decision-makers in cities in a dilemma.
This paper uses data from the national bureau of economic analysis, the World
Bank and the OECD to analyse the relationship between urban infrastructure
investment and GDP, infrastructure investment as the proportion of real
estate investment, the relationship between urban infrastructure
construction investment and urbanization rate and per capita GDP. The above
analysis leads to the finding that the channels match with all kinds of
urban infrastructure investment and financing. Moreover, under perspective
of cost management, the choice of investment and financing channels is
analyzed. Simultaneously, the corresponding processes, principles and
requirements in cost management are elaborated. This paper provides
references for countries choosing different investment and financing
channels.
Hysteresis effects of R&D expenditures and patents on firm performance: An empirical study of Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Shi-Zheng , Wu Tung-Ju , Tsai Hsien-Tang
Published: March 2017

R&D expenditures and patents are important means to improve an enterprises
capacity in technological innovation, and are also drivers for sustainable
development of a country. This study investigated R&D expenditures, patent
quantity and performance of the top six industries in Taiwans Hsinchu Science
Park for the period of 1988-2011. VAR model was used to analyze the
relationship between R&D expenditures, patent and performance, and the
hysteresis effect. The results showed that the governments R&D expenditures
and patent quantity have a long-term and stable relationship with
performance, as well as a positive correlation with performance, and a
hysteresis effect on performance. The hysteresis effect of R&D expenditures
and patents on performance is significantly different in different
industries. These findings suggest that the governments R&D expenditures can
bring economic effects to enterprises and improve enterprises innovation
capacity. Thus, both government and enterprises should attach importance to
R&D expenditures.
Key success factor in the innovative transformation of state-owned roller enterprises in China
Authors: Liao Yao-Tang , Wu Tsung-Cheng , Chou Tzu-Chuan
Published: March 2017

The state-owned enterprises based iron and steel industry in China
encountered the sharply decreasing business performance of large steel works
resulted from the reform in 1990. Delphi Method is utilized for analyzing the
strategies and approaches of innovative business model, and the MEFAS model
is proposed for innovation management in roller industry, including material
breakthrough, experience sales, focus marketing, corporate network alliance,
real-time supply chain, reorganization, and innovative enterprise culture.
Beijing Shougang Jingshun Rolls Co., Ltd. is sampled for the case study.
Total 250 copies of questionnaires are distributed, and 178 valid copies are
retrieved, with the retrieval rate 71%. The result shows that Material R&D
Innovation, weighted 0.208, about 20.8% of overall weight, is mostly
emphasized, followed by Local Supply Chain Innovation (weighted 0.174),
Construction of Innovative Culture (weighted 0.168), Reorganization (weighted
0.142), Marketing Innovation (weighted 0.129), Organizational Network
Innovation (weighted 0.116), and Sales Innovation (weighted 0.063).
Pik3r1 Is Required for Glucocorticoid-Induced Perilipin 1 Phosphorylation in Lipid Droplet for Adipocyte Lipolysis
Authors: Kuo Taiyi , Chen Tzu-Chieh , Lee Rebecca A. , Nguyen Nguyen Huynh Thao , Broughton Augusta E. , Zhang Danyun , Wang Jen-Chywan
Published: March 2017

Glucocorticoids promote lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) to adapt to energy demands under stress, whereas superfluous lipolysis causes metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Glucocorticoid-induced lipolysis requires the phosphorylation of cytosolic hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin 1 (Plin1) in the lipid droplet by protein kinase A (PKA). We previously identified Pik3r1 (also called p85α) as a glucocorticoid receptor target gene. Here, we found that glucocorticoids increased HSL phosphorylation, but not Plin1 phosphorylation, in adipose tissue-specific Pik3r1-null (AKO) mice. Furthermore, in lipid droplets, the phosphorylation of HSL and Plin1 and the levels of catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA were increased by glucocorticoids in wild-type mice. However, these effects were attenuated in AKO mice. In agreement with reduced WAT lipolysis, glucocorticoid- initiated hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia were improved in AKO mice. Our data demonstrated a novel role of Pik3r1 that was independent of the regulatory function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in mediating the metabolic action of glucocorticoids. Thus, the inhibition of Pik3r1 in adipocytes could alleviate lipid disorders caused by excess glucocorticoid exposure.
El debate epistemológico en torno a la teoría del diseño inteligente: la intervención de Stephen Meyer
Authors: Carreño Pavez Juan Eduardo
Published: March 2017

Recibido: 05/09/2012 ° Aceptado: 28/11/2013

La teoría del diseño inteligente tuvo una génesis controvertida, lo que ha marcado decisivamente el discurso de sus autores representativos. En este debate han sido Michael Behe y William Dembski quienes han recibido mayor atención, en tanto que otros autores de la corriente han pasado más bien desapercibidos. Este es el caso de Stephen Meyer, uno de los pocos teóricos del diseño que ha configurado una propuesta epistemológica articulada en relación con la teoría en cuestión. Presentamos aquí los aspectos fundamentales de su propuesta, junto a una valoración crítica de la misma.
Acción afirmativa y equidad: un análisis de la propuesta de Thomas Nagel
Authors: López Vela Valeria
Published: March 2017

Recibido: 27/03/2015 • Aceptado: 29/09/2015

En este artículo, me propongo delinear el contexto en el que ocurre la acción afirmativa de acuerdo con Thomas Nagel, como un complemento a la propuesta rawlsiana. El vaivén entre la teoría y la práctica obliga a definir un concepto para engarzar tales ámbitos. Con este propósito, propongo la noción aristotélica de epieikeia,  porque cumple los requisitos necesarios para esclarecer el tránsito entre el escenario ideal y el no-ideal y, al mismo tiempo, salvaguarda la idea de la justicia y su marco epistémico.
The cost of diabetes in Canada over 10 years: applying attributable health care costs to a diabetes incidence prediction model
Authors: Bilandzic Anja , Rosella Laura
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Our objective was to estimate the future direct health care costs due to diabetes for a 10-year period in Canada using national survey data, a validated diabetes risk prediction tool and individual-level attributable cost estimates.

Methods

We used the Diabetes Population Risk Tool to predict the number of new diabetes cases in those aged 20 years and above over a 10-year period (to 2022), using 2011 and 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey data. We derived attributable costs due to diabetes from a propensity-matched case control study using the Ontario Diabetes Database and other administrative data. We calculated total costs by applying the respective attributable costs to the incident cases, accounting for sex, year of diagnosis and annual disease-specific mortality rates.

Results

The predicted 10-year risk of developing diabetes for the Canadian population in 2011/12 was 9.98%, corresponding to 2.16 million new cases. Total health care costs attributable to diabetes during this period were $7.55 billion for females and $7.81 billion for males ($15.36 billion total). Acute hospitalizations accounted for the greatest proportion of costs (43.2%). A population intervention resulting in 5% body weight loss would save $2.03 billion in health care costs. A 30% risk-reduction intervention aimed at individuals with the highest diabetes risk (i.e. the top 10% of the highest-risk group) would save $1.48 billion.

Conclusion

Diabetes represents a heavy health care cost burden in Canada through to the year 2022. Our future cost calculation method can provide decision makers and planners with an accessible and transparent tool to predict future expenditures attributable to the disease and the corresponding cost savings associated with interventions.
The burden of generalized anxiety disorder in Canada
Authors: Pelletier Louise , O’Donnell Siobhan , McRae Louise , Grenier Jean
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Although generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common and disabling, there are few Canadian studies on this mental illness. We compared the characteristics, health status, health services use and health care needs of Canadians with GAD to those with depression.

Methods

Data are from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health, which surveyed a nationally representative sample of Canadians aged 15 years and older (n = 23 709; response rate of 68.9%). The respondents we studied had self-reported symptoms compatible with GAD and/or major depressive episode (MDE) in the preceding 12 months (n = 1598). Estimates were weighted to represent the Canadian household population. We performed descriptive and multinomial multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

In 2012, an estimated 700 000 (2.5%) Canadians aged 15 years and older reported symptoms compatible with GAD in the previous 12 months. MDE symptoms co-occurred in 50% of these individuals. Those with GAD only reported fair/poor perceived health (29.7%), moderate to severe psychological distress (81.2%) and moderate to severe disability (28.1%) comparable to (or even slightly worse) than those with MDE only (24.7%, 78.8% and 24.8% respectively). Those with comorbid GAD and MDE demonstrated the worst health outcomes; 47.3% of them reported fair/poor perceived health, 94.0% reported moderate to severe psychological distress and 52.4% reported moderate to severe disability. Nearly 50% of those with comorbid GAD and MDE reported that their need for health care was not met or only partially met, compared to about 30% of those with GAD or MDE only.

Conclusion

While GAD is associated with levels of distress and disability comparable to (or slightly worse) than those affected by MDE only, the health status of those with comorbid disease is significantly worse than those with GAD or MDE only. Improved diagnosis, screening for comorbidity and management are essential to minimize the impacts of this mental illness.
An ECA-based Semantic Architecture for IoT Building Automation Systems
Authors: Lillo Paolo , Mainetti Luca , Mighali Vincenzo , Patrono Luigi , Rametta Piercosimo
Published: March 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT), with its plethora of smart objects and technologies, allows to realize smart environments in several scenarios. However, the existing solutions are strictly intended for specific applications and their customization is often limited to what developers have considered at the design and implementation time. So, the integration of new functionalities requires significant changes by developers, while common users cannot make personalizations by themselves. For these reasons, this work deals with the definition of a novel rule-based semantic architecture for the easy implementation of building automation applications in an IoT context. Applications are structured as an Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rule and the layered architecture separates high-level semantic reasoning aspects from low-level execution details. The proposed architecture is also compared with main state-of-the-art solutions and a standard-based implementation framework is suggested. The last aspect is treated by referring to standardized guidelines and widely-accepted platforms, in order to make the proposal more attractive and robust.
A Cloud Architecture for Managing IoT-aware Applications According to Knowledge Processing Rules
Authors: Mainetti Luca , Manco Luigi , Patrono Luigi , Vergallo Roberto
Published: March 2017

The Web of Things paradigm has represented a shift in the conjunction of the Internet of Things (IoT) with people, as it allows treating a smart object as a Web resource. While in a first phase the challenge was the physically management of smart objects, the current demand is to help users in profitably introducing IoT in their own daily life.The paper presents a software architecture for IoT systems able to manage the behaviour of involved IoT entities basing on knowledge processing tools. The main goal is informing the user of the occurrence of events of interest semantically determined starting from actual state of the environment. The architecture exploits the potentialities of the Web of Topics (WoX) approach, a conceptual model that simplifies the designing of IoT applications. Leveraging the WoX approach, the architecture introduces an innovative way to mine knowledge from IoT devices aside from any technological background, so that facing the intrinsic heterogeneity affecting IoT entities. The discussed architecture is composed by different modules integrated into an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), strongly decoupled and provided with RESTful-compliant web interfaces to communicate each other and with the external environment, according to a SOA structure. The paper shows how the system is able to receive data coming from sensors and to semantically interpret them by means of a series of business rules that act as knowledge processor.
Literatura y masculinidad en la primera modernidad mexicana: apuntes de investigación en torno a tres novelas del México independiente
Authors: González Romero Martín H.
Published: March 2017

En estas notas se reflexiona sobre el proceso de investigación y los resultados de una tesis de maestría en Estudios de Género. En ella, se hizo una lectura de tres novelas mexicanas del siglo XIX: La Quinta Modelo, de José María Roa Bárcena, Clemencia, de Ignacio Manuel Altamirano y Ensalada de Pollos, de José Tomás de Cuéllar. La interpretación de la obras ilustra una transformación hacia una masculinidad moderna, propia del régimen liberal. La reflexión aborda problemas metodológicos respecto a la literatura como fuente histórica. Además se propone un diálogo con las teorías sociales sobre la modernidad.
"Vení a sacar a la perra que hay en vos": Pedagogías de la seducción, mercado y nuevos retos para los feminismos
Authors: Elizalde Silvia Elizalde , Felitti Karina
Published: March 2017

En un escenario social de creciente mercantilización del deseo, reconfiguración de los códigos erótico amorosos y expansión de las consignas feministas de "liberación sexual", el artículo analiza la producción y circulación de un conjunto de "pedagogías de la sexualidad" destinadas a mujeres heterosexuales. El trabajo se basa en la exploración y análisis de sitios web y publicaciones que enseñan técnicas de seducción y erotismo y, principalmente, en un relevamiento etnográfico en dos "escuelas de seducción" para mujeres de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los hallazgos del estudio cuestionan ciertas comprensiones establecidas sobre la "liberación sexual" femenina y proponen una interpretación sobre una zona poco estudiada del mercado del sexo, así como de las relaciones que se construyen entre erotismo, mercado y sexualidad en la actualidad.
Cuando los varones se quedan con sus hijos: Familias de padres solteros en Querétaro
Authors: Mena Méndez Paulina
Published: March 2017

En México se tiene poca información cualitativa sobre las familias a las que denomino en esta investigación como familias de padres solteros. Según el Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2010, se estima que en el país existen 378,400 hogares de padres solteros frente a 11.4 millones de madres solteras. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, documento la experiencia de 14 familias de padres solteros en Querétaro. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los motivos por los que se conformaron como familias de padres solteros, así como describir las características, la composición y el funcionamiento de sus hogares. Finalizo este trabajo con una reflexión sobre las contradicciones a las que se enfrentan.
Igualdad y trabajo pastoral: la experiencia de las mujeres en los ministerios religiosos ordenados y consagrados en México
Authors: Villalobos Sandra
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo es parte de una investigación cuyo objetivo es explorar la construcción de la igualdad como un derecho y las formas de participación de las mujeres dentro del campo religioso, a partir de la experiencia de religiosas católicas consagradas y pastoras de denominación bautista, luterana, metodista, presbiteriana y ecuménica. La investigación busca, a través de sus trayectorias pastorales, visibilizar su condición y situación dentro de las estructuras religiosas a las que pertenecen. El trabajo religioso y pastoral es considerado un aspecto fundamental del análisis, puesto que se trata de un eje articulador de experiencias relacionales, económicas y sociales en las que la desigualdad de género y las relaciones de poder implícitas y explícitas que lo organizan son más evidentes.
Caminhos para a investigação da alternância de pronomes de segunda pessoa em Santa Catarina
Authors: Souza Christiane Maria Nunes de , Coelho Izete Lehmkuhl
Published: March 2017

Neste estudo, com base nos pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística, apresentamos resultados das primeiras pesquisas referentes à descrição da alternância dos pronomes tu e você em posição de sujeito em cartas pessoais de Santa Catarina, a partir de uma perspectiva diacrônica. Em um primeiro momento, analisamos cartas de florianopolitanos ilustres escritas nos séculos XIX e XX, constatando a entrada do pronome você, sempre em sua forma plena, nos dados do século XX. Partimos, então, para uma análise diatópica, em que comparamos missivas produzidas por informantes não ilustres das cidades de Florianópolis e Lages na segunda metade do século XX, apontando para uma preferência geral pelo uso da forma tu na capital catarinense e para uma preferência geral pelo uso da forma você na cidade do planalto – sendo que o pronome-sujeito tu manifesta- se majoritariamente em sua forma nula e o pronome-sujeito você manifesta-se majoritariamente em sua forma plena em ambas as localidades. Os resultados sugerem, além um já pressuposto contraste diacrônico (entrada do pronome você no sistema de tratamento do século XX), também um contraste diastrático (entre a escrita dos informantes ilustres e a escrita dos informantes não ilustres) e um contraste diatópico (entre a escrita da cidade de Florianópolis e a escrita da cidade de Lages). 
O grau de letramento de um casal carioca: uma análise da grafia "r"
Authors: Xavier Karilene Da Silva
Published: March 2017

Este artigo visa a analisar os desvios grafemáticos do  efetuados por um casal de noivos, que trocou 97 cartas de amor entre 1936 e 1937 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Por não terem sido pessoas ilustres, não há informação sobre eles disponível em acervo público e, com isso, todo o conhecimento extralinguístico é obtido diretamente de conteúdo dessas cartas. Dessa forma, por meio de desvios grafemáticos, tais como elisão, rotacismo, metátese, hipercorreção e até mesmo a familiaridade com as grafias  e , pretende-se traçar o perfil e o grau de letramento do casal. Para tanto, esta pesquisa fundamenta-se em uma análise de natureza filológica e sociolinguística histórica.
“E para verdade passo este de minha letra e sinal" – uma breve análise sobre cultura escrita e os recibos assinados por Antônio Francisco Lisboa (1772-1802)
Authors: Almada Márcia
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo será estudado um conjunto de 32 recibos assinados pelo escultor/entalhador Antônio Francisco Lisboa, o Aleijadinho, sob a perspectiva da História da Cultura Escrita, integrando-os à dimensão de registros materiais das práticas da escrita na Capitania de Minas Gerais em fins do século XVIII. A partir de análises formais e materiais, estes documentos são percebidos como sinais materializados da trajetória de vida do artista e relacionados criticamente ao que se conhece atualmente sobre sua biografia, resultando em uma pequena colaboração para o longo trabalho de identificação dos conhecimentos adquiridos e aplicados por este sujeito e da forma como participou da(s) cultura(s) de sua época.
Saibham quantos este estormento de contrato virem: análise das terminações nasais em contratos dos séculos XV e XVI
Authors: Monte Vanessa Martins do , Fachin Phablo Roberto Marchis
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é o estudo de contratos portugueses produzidos ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. Este trabalho é de natureza filológica e situa-se no âmbito do projeto Fontes para a História da Língua Portuguesa: edição de manuscritos dos períodos médio e clássico. Procura-se observar o enquadramento linguístico do corpus, levando-se em conta a tipologia, a região e o contexto em que foi produzido, relacionando-o aos fenômenos que marcaram o período de sua produção, especificamente quanto à convergência em –ão das terminações nasais. Os contratos que compõem o corpus integram o fundo da Colegiada de Santa Maria de Guimarães, Noroeste de Portugal, constantes do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. A análise de documentos dos séculos XV e XVI contribui para os estudos sobre a história do português europeu e brasileiro, uma vez que o estudo de fontes manuscritas amplia o conhecimento de documentação do período e supre a inexistência, ou a extrema raridade, de escritos produzidos em terras da América Portuguesa à época. Os contratos analisados espelham uma realidade linguística muito particular e, apesar de produzidos no período do português médio, revelam características que os aproximam de um estado de língua mais antigo. Tal conclusão sugere uma tendência conservadora em documentos notariais do Noroeste, que poderia, conforme o avanço das pesquisas com constituição de corpora de diferentes tipologias, fazer alargar-se ainda mais o período do português médio, cujo fim tradicionalmente coincide com a data da publicação da primeira gramática da língua portuguesa, em 1536, por Fernão de Oliveira.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS 5 SD NEGERI KUTOWINANGUN 11 KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Winanto Adi , Makahube Darma
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi atas kebutuhan akan kemampuan memecahkan masalah baik di kelas atau di tengah-tengah masyarakat, kemampuan mengatasi masalah yang dihadapinya, dan juga perlunya kemampuan mengaplikasikan ilmu, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang mereka dapatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas V SDN Kutowinangun 11 Salatiga dengan mengaplikasikan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri. Strategi pembelajaran inkuiri ini meliputi langkah-langkah (1) orientasi, (2) merumuskan masalah, (3) merumuskan hipotesis, (4) mengumpulkan data, (5) menguji hipotesis (6) merumuskan kesimpulan. Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan nama penelitian tindakan kelas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri terbukti dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa.  Sebelum tindakan skor rata-rata motivasi siswa 37,4 dengan kriteria sedang, pada siklus I skor rata-rata motivasi belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 42,2 dengan kriteria sedang dan pada sikus II rata-rata motivasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dengan kriteria tinggi (rata-rata skor 46,4). Sedangkan peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar, yaitu sebelum tindakan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 65,45; siklus I naik menjadi 72,15; dan pada siklus II naik menjadi 81,25. Pada tes pra siklus ketuntasan belajar siswa 35%, pada siklus I ketuntasan siswa meningkat menjadi 75%   sedangkan pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 85%  siswa atau 17 siswa mencapai nilai di atas KKM (65).
TINGKAT PENERAPAN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS Suatu Studi Kasus di SMA Dian Harapan Jakarta
Authors: Zendrato Juniriang
Published: March 2017

Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran  merupakan panduan mengajar yang disusun guru dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Namun, sebagian besar guru belum menyadari arti pentingnya Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ini. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: faktor-faktor yang menjadi bahan pertimbangan guru saat menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, kualitas penerapan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran di kelas, dan tingkat penerapan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran di dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dan dilakukan di kelas 10 dan 11 SMA Dian Harapan Jakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan empat macam teknik: (1) angket yang diberikan kepada guru dan siswa, (2) wawancara dengan guru dan kepala sekolah, (3) telaah dokumen RPP, dan (4) observasi kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menjadi bahan pertimbangan guru saat menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran adalah karakteristik siswa, tujuan belajar, kegiatan belajar mengajar dan materi pelajaran. Tiga kualitas penerapan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran di kelas: (1) pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas berjalan dengan lancar, (2) kegiatan yang tercantum dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran tidak diterapkan di kelas, dan kegiatan yang tidak tercantum dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran terjadi di kelas. Tingkat penerapan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran di dalam kelas tergolong tinggi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari persentase kegiatan dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran yang diterapkan di kelas adalah sebesar (81%). Oleh karena itu, pihak guru perlu terus membuka diri terhadap peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru.