bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological, pathogenic and genetic diversity in Diplodia seriata associated with black rot canker of apple in India
Authors: Bhat Arif Hussain , Shah M. D. , Padder B. A. , Shah Zahoor Ahmad , Dar Eajaz Ahmad , Fayaz U. , Nain Manjeet Singh , Ali M. Ajmal , Al-Hemaid Fahad M. , Stępień Piotr , Ahmed Mohamed A. A. , Salama Ehab A. A.
Published: September 2023

Apple cankers are extremely destructive diseases threatening the global apple industry through direct and indirect losses. The population structure of the pathogens is of paramount significance for the development of efficient management strategies. Therefore, phenotypic, pathogenic, and genetic diversity of Diplodia seriata causing black rot canker of apple was investigated in this study. All the isolates were included for investigating the in vitro mycelial growth, conidial dimensions, and pathogenic variability on two-year-old potted apple seedlings. The ISSR approach was used to investigate the molecular diversity of D. seriata. Mycelial growth rates were found to vary significantly amongst the isolates; however, there were no major variations seen between the different geographical groupings of isolates. Pathogenicity tests revealed variations in the size of cankers among the isolates indicating the presence of virulence variability. The isolates were segregated into three virulence groups based on canker length. The Bayesian analyses of ISSR data divided the isolates into two genetic clusters. The genetic clustering of the isolates revealed no relationship with geographical origin of the isolates. Furthermore, no direct relationship of genetic clustering was observed with morphological or pathogenic variability. The ISSR primers revealed very high level of variability in D. seriata; however, no distinct populations of the pathogen existed which is an indication of high level of gene flow between the diverse geographical populations. According to our knowledge, this is the first thorough investigation on the diversity of D. seriata associated with apple black rot canker in India.
MHD dissipative Powell-Eyring fluid flow due to a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions and slip velocity
Authors: Abbas W. , Megahed Ahmed M. , Emam M. S. , Sadek Hassan M. H.
Published: September 2023

The novelty and motivation of this research can be emphasized by examining how the heat transfer mechanism of a non-Newtonian Powell-Eyring fluid, which flows because of a stretched sheet, is affected by factors like viscous dissipation, the slip velocity phenomenon, and Joule heating. In addition, the investigation delves into the heat transfer behavior of the fluid flow when it comes into contact with a convectively heated stretched surface that is influenced by varying fluid properties. This analysis also takes into account the influence of changing fluid characteristics and the presence of magnetic field. The numerical solutions of modelled equations that governing the problem are detected using the shooting technique. Also, in order to confirm the validity of the present investigation, a proper comparison with certain published works as a particular case of the present model is presented, and a perfect agreement is noted. With the use of diagrams and tables, the flow problem’s effective parameters are thoroughly discussed. Likewise, through a tabular representation, the values of the local Nusselt number and the skin-friction coefficient are computed and analyzed. Many significant conclusions can be drawn from numerical results. Most importantly, the local Nusselt number rises monotonically with both the surface convection parameter and the slip velocity parameter, but the local skin-friction coefficient has the opposite trend. The results indicate that the nanofluid temperature is enhanced by factors such as the surface convection parameter, magnetic field, and viscous dissipation. On the other hand, the slip velocity phenomenon leads to the opposite effect.
Regulation of straw decomposition and its effect on soil function by the amount of returned straw in a cool zone rice crop system
Authors: Liu Lin , Cheng Ming , Yang Lei , Gu Xinyue , Jin Jingyi , Fu Minjie
Published: September 2023

The degradation process of returned straw in rice fields can improve soil organic matter and promote sustainable agriculture. The degradation process of returned straw is a humification process as well as a mineralization process involving microorganisms and enzymes. However, the degradation process of returned straw, the effect on straw decomposing microorganisms and the regulatory mechanism on potential functionality under cool climate flooding conditions are currently unknown.For this purpose, we investigated the biodegradation of straw from a biodegradation point of view at 20, 40, 71, 104, and 137 d after return under conventional (130 kg hm−2), 1/3 straw return (2933 kg hm−2), 2/3 straw return (5866 kg hm−2), and full straw return (8800 kg hm−2) applications in cool climate rice fields.. The test found Paludibacteraceae and Archaeaceae were the dominant bacteria for straw degradation, and their relative abundance was highest when 2/3 of straw was returned to the field. The straw degradation extracellular enzyme activity was higher in the late return period (104 d). At this time, the potential functionality of the soil differed significantly among the different return amounts, with the best extracellular enzyme activity and potential functionality at the 2/3 straw return amount. Therefore, the optimal amount of rice straw returned to the field is 5866 kg hm−2 at the current conventional N application rate (130 kg hm−2) in the cold zone.
High care and low overprotection from both paternal and maternal parents predict a secure attachment style with a partner among perinatal Japanese women
Authors: Zain Ekachaeryanti , Fukui Naoki , Watanabe Yuichiro , Hashijiri Koyo , Motegi Takaharu , Ogawa Maki , Egawa Jun , Someya Toshiyuki
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine how paternal and maternal parenting before adolescence affects adult attachment to a partner during the perinatal period, using three different models of attachment. We used the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) to examine perceived parenting practices and adult attachment styles, respectively. The participants included 4586 Japanese women who were pregnant or who had given birth, up until one month after childbirth. We performed structural equation modeling analysis between PBI and RQ scores with three different category models, including the four-category model (secure, fearful, preoccupied, and dismissive attachment) as Model 1, the two-category model (model of the self and others) as Model 2, and the single-category model (total attachment style) as Model 3. Models 1 and 2 showed a good fit. Both path models showed a significant association between adult attachment style and perceived paternal and maternal parenting before adolescence, where high care and low overprotection from both paternal and maternal parents predicted adult attachment. Our findings indicate that attachment styles are best described using the four-category and two-category models, and suggest that both paternal and maternal overprotection and care influence adult attachment with a partner during the perinatal period.
Ameliorative effects of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: role of leptin and ghrelin
Authors: Najafi Ramyar , Heidarianpour Ali , Shokri Elnaz , Shokri Behnaz
Published: September 2023

This study was an attempt to examine the changes in serum levels of ghrelin and leptin after 12-weeks of aerobic training and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) treatment in girls with central precocious puberty. Thirty girls (6–8 years old) with precocious puberty who had received Triptorelin were randomly divided in two groups (medication and medication + training). Fifteen age-matched healthy girls (without precocious puberty) were also included as the control group. The medication + training group submitted an aerobic training program for 3 days/week with 20–75 min per day and 45–75% of maximum heart rate for 12-weeks. Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, cholesterol, triglycerides and body mass index (BMI) were determined at baseline and 48 h after the last training session. The results indicated that leptin significantly decreased (p = 0.001) and ghrelin significantly increased (p = 0.001) in the medication + training group but no significant difference was observed in the ghrelin (p = 1) and leptin (p = 0.78) in the medication group. Leptin to ghrelin ratio indicated a decrease in medicine + training group (p = 0.028). Ghrelin were negatively correlated with leptin and BMI. The data indicated that aerobic training increased ghrelin and reduced leptin and leptin to ghrelin ratio but GnRH agonist treatment had no effect on plasma leptin and ghrelin levels.
Prevalence and characteristics of pain in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea patients and effect of CPAP treatment
Authors: Shen Chong , Ou Yanru , Ouyang Ruoyun , Zong Dandan
Published: September 2023

Pain problems are common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but few studies have thoroughly evaluated pain in these patients. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of pain in moderate-to-severe OSA patients and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Moderate-to-severe OSA patients and healthy controls (HC) completed the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and a portion of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Short Form to assess pain characteristics. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to measure daytime sleepiness, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and psychological status, respectively. The OSA patients with pain were divided into a CPAP-treated group and a CPAP-untreated group based on their adherence to CPAP. The subjects' pain intensity was reassessed after 3 months. The prevalence of pain was 57.5% in OSA versus 27.1% in HC (p < 0.001). Head (39.0%) accounted for the highest proportion of overall pain locations in subjects with OSA, with 28.8% of OSA patients experiencing headaches. Pain in OSA was associated with impaired HRQoL and psychological problems. Patients with very severe OSA had an increased risk for pain problems (OR: 7.000, p = 0.041). Associated factors for pain intensity in OSA included age, ESS ≥ 9.0, and lowest pulse oximetry (LSpO2) < 80.0%. Pain intensity in OSA decreased significantly after CPAP treatment (p < 0.001). Pain was prevalent among patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and was associated with depression, anxiety, and a lower HRQoL. Patients with very severe OSA had an increased risk for pain problems. The intensity of pain in OSA can be predicted by age, ESS ≥ 9.0, and LSpO2 < 80.0%, and it can be alleviated through CPAP treatment.
The influence of natural variability on extreme monsoons in Pakistan
Authors: Ashfaq Moetasim , Johnson Nathaniel , Kucharski Fred , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Horan Matthew F. , Singh Deepti , Mahajan Salil , Ghosh Subimal , Ganguly Auroop R. , Evans Katherine J. , Islam Shafiqul
Published: September 2023

The monsoons in Pakistan have been exceptionally harsh in recent decades, resulting in extraordinary drought conditions and record flooding events. The changing characteristics of extreme events are widely attributed to climate change. However, given this region’s long history of floods and droughts, the role of natural climate variability cannot be rejected without a careful diagnosis. Here, we examine how oceanic and atmospheric variability has contributed to unusual precipitation distributions in West South Asia. Variations in sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific and northern Arabian Sea, and internal atmospheric variability related to the circumglobal teleconnection pattern and the subtropical westerly jet stream, explain more than 70% of monthly summer precipitation variability in the 21st century. Several of these forcings have co-occurred with record strength during episodes of extreme monsoons, which have exacerbated the overall effect. Climate change may have contributed to increased variability and the in-phase co-occurrences of the identified mechanisms, but further research is required to confirm any such connection.
W546 stacking disruption traps the human porphyrin transporter ABCB6 in an outward-facing transient state
Authors: Lee Sang Soo , Park Jun Gyou , Jang Eunhong , Choi Seung Hun , Kim Subin , Kim Ji Won , Jin Mi Sun
Published: September 2023

Human ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily B6 (ABCB6) is a mitochondrial ATP-driven pump that translocates porphyrins from the cytoplasm into mitochondria for heme biosynthesis. Within the transport pathway, a conserved aromatic residue W546 located in each monomer plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the occluded conformation via π-stacking interactions. Herein, we employed cryo-electron microscopy to investigate the structural consequences of a single W546A mutation in ABCB6, both in detergent micelles and nanodiscs. The results demonstrate that the W546A mutation alters the conformational dynamics of detergent-purified ABCB6, leading to entrapment of the transporter in an outward-facing transient state. However, in the nanodisc system, we observed a direct interaction between the transporter and a phospholipid molecule that compensates for the absence of the W546 residue, thereby facilitating the normal conformational transition of the transporter toward the occluded state following ATP hydrolysis. The findings also reveal that adoption of the outward-facing conformation causes charge repulsion between ABCB6 and the bound substrate, and rearrangement of key interacting residues at the substrate-binding site. Consequently, the affinity for the substrate is significantly reduced, facilitating its release from the transporter.
Pesticide reduction amidst food and feed security concerns in Europe
Authors: Schneider Kevin , Barreiro-Hurle Jesus , Rodriguez-Cerezo Emilio
Published: September 2023

Recent studies have estimated the potential yield impacts of pesticide reductions in the European Union. While these estimates guide policy design, they are often based on worst-case assumptions and rarely account for positive ecological feedbacks that would contribute to sustainable crop yields in the long term.
Fully tuneable ethylene–propylene elastomers using a supported permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) catalyst
Authors: Collins Rice Clement G. , Morris Louis J. , Buffet Jean-Charles , Turner Zoë R. , O’Hare Dermot
Published: September 2023

Using a highly active supported permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) titanium catalyst, high molecular weight ethylene–propylene (EPM) and and ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) elastomers are prepared with tuneable compositions using slurry-phase catalysis.
Fe3O4 nanoparticle-decorated 3D pinewood-derived carbon for high-efficiency electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Xie Ting , Cai Zhengwei , Liu Xuwei , Li Jun , Fan Xiaoya , He Xun , Luo Yonglan , Zheng Dongdong , Sun Shengjun , Alfaifi Sulaiman , Xu Chenggang , Sun Xuping
Published: September 2023

Fe3O4 nanoparticles-decorated 3D pinewood-derived carbon enables ambient electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia, attaining a large NH3 yield of 394.8 μmol h−1 cm−2 and high faradaic efficiency of 91.6% in 0.1 M NaOH with 0.1 M NO3−.
DFT study for effects of hydrostatic pressure on structure, interaction and mechanical properties of CL-20/BTF cocrystal
Authors: Li Shen Shen , Li Qiao Li , Xiao Ji Jun
Published: September 2023

An investigation was conducted on the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structure and properties of CL-20/BTF cocrystal. The intermolecular interactions in CL-20/BTF cocrystal were analyzed in detail.
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate surfactant self-assembly dependency of solvent hydrophilicity: a modelling study
Authors: Vuorte Maisa , Lokka Aapo , Scacchi Alberto , Sammalkorpi Maria
Published: September 2023

Self-assembly of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) model surfactant in solvents with different polarities examined via dissipative particle dynamics simulations.
Tetragonal-zircon BiVO4: a better polymorph for the formation of coherent type-II heterostructures for water splitting applications
Authors: Rashmi  , Majid Md , Sivakumar Sri
Published: September 2023

The highest symmetry and facile method of preparation makes tetragonal-zircon polymorph of BiVO4 a more suitable candidate to form coherent type-II interfaces for the efficient separation of electron–hole pairs.
New prodigiosin derivatives – chemoenzymatic synthesis and physiological evaluation against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells
Authors: Weber Tim Moritz , Leyens Alexandra , Berning Lena , Stork Björn , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: September 2023

Ligases were evaluated for the synthesis of new prodiginines that showed superior toxicity against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells.
Organic photo-battery with high operating voltage using a multi-junction organic solar cell and an organic redox-polymer-based battery
Authors: Delgado Andrés Rodrigo , Wessling Robin , Büttner Jan , Pap Leonie , Fischer Anna , Esser Birgit , Würfel Uli
Published: September 2023

Development of a first of its kind monolithically integrated photo-battery, capable of photo-charging within minutes and a discharge voltage of 3.6 V with all-organic active materials.
Origins of hydrogen peroxide selectivity during oxygen reduction on organic mixed ionic–electronic conducting polymers
Authors: De La Fuente Durán Ana , Liang Allen Yu-Lun , Denti Ilaria , Yu Hang , Pearce Drew , Marks Adam , Penn Emily , Treiber Jeremy , Weaver Karrie , Turaski Lily , Maria Iuliana P. , Griggs Sophie , Chen Xingxing , Salleo Alberto , Chueh William C. , Nelson Jenny , Giovannitti Alexander , Mefford J. Tyler
Published: September 2023

Through experiment and theory, this work explains how a set of OMIEC polymer electrodes selectively reduce oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.
A retinomorphic neuron for artificial vision and iris accommodation
Authors: Sun Lin , Qu Shangda , Xu Wentao
Published: September 2023

We describe a retinomorphic neuron using neuromorphic photoreceptors for artificial vision and iris accommodation that mimic the hierarchical structures and biological functions of retinal cells for light sensing and signal processing.
Predictable incorporation of nitrogen into carbon dots: insights from pinacol rearrangement and iminium ion cyclization
Authors: Cho Soohyun , Jung Chan-Woo , Lee Dajin , Byun Yerim , Kim Hyemin , Han Hyunho , Kim Ji-Hee , Kwon Woosung
Published: September 2023

This study employed a rational design approach using glucosamine and ethylene glycol to synthesize N-doped carbon dots, overcoming the challenge of understanding N-incorporation chemistry and enabling precise control over N-incorporated structures.
Fast thermally-responsive azatriphenylene ionic discotic liquid crystalline polymers with shape-memory properties
Authors: Xiong Xiao-Ping , Yang Qian , Wang Ruo-Jun , Zeng Ling-Yi , Yu Wen-Hao , Chen Hong-Mei , Ni Hai-Liang , Feng Chun , Zhao Ke-Qing , Hu Ping
Published: September 2023

Ionic discotic liquid crystalline polymers are a versatile class of multifunctional polymers that exhibit electron and ion transport, luminescence, and thermal and mechanical responsiveness.
BiCl3-catalyzed green synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone analogues under microwave irradiation
Authors: Bouone Yousra Ouafa , Bouzina Abdeslem , Sayad Rayene , Djemel Abdelhak , Benaceur Farouk , Zoukel Abdelhalim , Ibrahim-Ouali Malika , Aouf Nour-Eddine , Bouchareb Fouzia
Published: September 2023

Traditional chemical synthesis, which involves the use of dangerous protocols, hazardous solvents, and toxic products and catalysts, is considered environmentally inappropriate and harmful to human health.
A post-sulfonated one-pot synthesized magnetic cellulose nanocomposite for Knoevenagel and Thorpe–Ziegler reactions
Authors: Sayed Mostafa , Saddik Abdelreheem Abdelfatah , Kamal El-Dean Adel M. , Fatehi Pedram , Soliman Ahmed I. A.
Published: September 2023

Synthesis of a sulfonated magnetic cellulose nanocomposite to be applied in Knoevenagel and Thrope–Ziegler reactions. The catalyst promotes a sufficient and facile synthesis methodology for obtaining high-yield products.
Recent advances in energy storage with graphene oxide for supercapacitor technology
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Kalashgrani Masoomeh Yari , Gholami Ahmad , Binazadeh Mojtaba , Chiang Wei-Hung , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: September 2023

This review explores the potential of graphene oxide (GO) in enhancing the performance and energy storage capabilities as supercapacitors, where 2D GO nanosheets derived from pristine graphite, exhibit remarkable electrical conductivity, high surface area, and mechanical strength.
Investigation of high-entropy Prussian blue analog as cathode material for aqueous sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Xu , Xing Zhaohui , Huang Chengde
Published: September 2023

Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARSIBs) have received considerable attention as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their safety, environmental friendliness, low cost, and high charge/discharge capacities.
1D transition-metal dichalcogenides/carbon core–shell composites for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dutta Asmita , Breuer Ortal , Krishnappa Manjunath , Minnes Refael , Zak Alla , Borenstein Arie
Published: September 2023

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently been proposed as an excellent catalytic substitute for noble metals in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
An interface engineering induced hierarchical NiCo/V2O3/C Schottky heterojunction catalyst for large-current-density hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Danyang , Wang Jingkai , Wang Shenghui , Chu Bingxian , Li Rongyao , Li Bin , Dong Lihui , Fan Minguang , Chen Zhengjun
Published: September 2023

A nickel foam (NF) supported NiCo/V2O3/C nanosheet heterostructure electrocatalyst benefiting from the reasonable coordination of structural engineering and interface engineering shows excellent HER activity.
Copper particle-free ink with enhanced performance for inkjet-printed flexible UWB antennas
Authors: Yang Wendong , Dong Zhichao , Guo Zihao , Sun Haoqiang
Published: September 2023

A copper ink with improved performance was formulated for the fabrication of a printed flexible UWB antenna, demonstrating its feasibility for use in wireless electronics.
High-entropy materials for electrochemical energy storage devices
Authors: Qu Jie , Buckingham Mark A. , Lewis David J.
Published: September 2023

Lewis and co-workers review the use of high entropy materials in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Multi‐source to multi‐target domain adaptation method based on similarity measurement
Authors: Wu Lan , Wang Han , Yao Yuan
Published: September 2023

Most existing domain adaption methods solve the problem of data distribution similarity in single‐source to single‐target domain or multi‐source to single‐target domain adaption, but the more realistic multi‐source to multi‐target domain transfer scenarios are ignored. At the same time, less attention is paid to the similarity of task distribution among domains and the corresponding relationship between coarse‐grained and fine‐grained, which leads to the problem of low classification accuracy. In this paper, a multi‐source to multi‐target domain adaption (MSMTDA) method based on similarity measurement is proposed. Firstly, a cross‐domain similarity measurement mechanism based on the idea of data distribution similarity and task distribution similarity is set up to judge and optimize the distribution difference among source domains and target domains. Secondly, global‐local‐bidirectional alignment is used to solve the problem of poor transfer performance in the existing distributed alignment. Then, the cross‐domain mutual learning strategy is proposed, which reduces classifier discrepancy caused by decision boundaries and distribution difference in multiple domains. Finally, the proposed method is verified on three benchmark datasets in image classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better in both classification accuracy and training time when compared with the conventional method.
Pix2PixSSR: Spatial super‐resolution synthesis and visualization for time‐varying volumetric data
Authors: Ma Ji , Chen Jinjin
Published: September 2023

Upscaling of the time‐varying volume data is significant, since it can be used in in situ visualization to help scientists fast analyse complex simulations relevant to time‐varying volume data. A novel deep learning method called Pix2Pix spatial super‐resolution (Pix2PixSSR), which can be used to generate spatial super‐resolution of the time‐varying volume data is proposed here. It consists of two main components: One is a variant UNet‐like generator that takes the low resolution volume sequence as input and generates the high resolution counterparts; one is a PatchGAN discriminator that takes both low and high resolution volume sequences as input and predicts their realness. To validate its advantages, we qualitatively and quantitatively compare it with the state‐of‐the‐art upscaling techniques. More specifically, two experiments are performed. The first experiment uses the same variable of a time‐varying volume dataset for training and inference, while the second experiment uses different variables for training and inference. The experimental results show that for most cases, the Pix2PixSSR can generate the most similar super‐resolution to the ground truth, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Survival of fossil fields during the pre-main sequence evolution of intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Hidalgo Juan Pablo , Galli Daniele
Published: September 2023

Context. Chemically peculiar Ap and Bp stars host strong large-scale magnetic fields in the range of 200 G up to 30 kG, which are often considered to be the origin of fossil magnetic fields.

Aims. We assess the evolution of such fossil fields during the star formation process and the pre-main sequence evolution of intermediate stars based on: fully convective models, models including a transition to a radiative protostar, and models with a radiative core. We also examine the implications of the interaction between the fossil field and the core dynamo.

Methods. We employed analytic and semi-analytic calculations, combined with current observational constraints.

Results. For fully convective models, we show that magnetic field decay via convection can be expected to be very efficient for realistic parameters of turbulent resistivities. Based on the observed magnetic field strength-density relation, as well as the expected amount of flux loss due to ambipolar diffusion, it appears unlikely that convection could be suppressed via strong enough magnetic fields. On the other hand, a transition from a convective to a radiative core could very naturally explain the survival of a significant amount of flux, along with the presence of a critical mass. We show that in some cases, the interaction of a fossil field with a core dynamo may further lead to changes in the surface magnetic field structure.

Conclusions. In the future, it will be important to understand in more detail how the accretion rate evolves as a function of time during the formation of intermediate-mass protostars, including its impact on the protostellar structure. The latter may even allow us to derive quantitative predictions concerning the expected population of large scale magnetic fields in radiative stars.
The Preservation of a Traumatically Amputated Limb Utilizing Crystalloid Cardioplegia Solution—A Case Report
Authors: Maurer William G. , Wilson Louie C. , Higgs William R. , Stone John E. , Gibson Thomas J. , Kuntz Rick A.
Published: September 2023

This report describes a technique used to preserve a traumatically amputated arm of a twelveyear-old male.

Potassium cardioplegic solution was continuously perfused at 4°C via the brachial artery of the amputated limb. The perfusion was started approximately 40 minutes after the traumatic amputation occurred. Perfusion was discontinued prior to reattachment of the basilic, cephalic, and brachial vein and prior to reattachment of the brachial artery. Twenty-four hours post-operation, the limb was perfusing well and had excellent radial and ulner pulses and minimal edema. During the immediate postoperative period, the patient had excellent arterial flow and no evidence of venous obstruction. The patient is now five months postreplantation and demonstrates remarkable and early recovery of neuromuscular function.

In this case, the use of potassium cardioplegic solution provided excellent protection to the amputated limb until normal circulation could be reestablished.
Vasomotor Induced Blood Pressure Activity During Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Kersting Jim , Cooksey James , Grix David , McCormick James
Published: September 2023

The observation of an aspect of the blood pressure waveform during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is reported. Appearance of this activity may be pertinent to the management of clinical perfusion.
Albumin Pretreatment of Autotransfusion Apparatus
Authors: Kurusz Mark , Schneider Benjamin , Conti Vincent R.
Published: September 2023

Priming the autotransfusion apparatus with 5% albumin solution decreases blood coagulation that, in spite of the administration of heparinized saline anticoagulant at the suction tip, still occurs on the plastic materials. This technique has eliminated the need to change reservoirs during prolonged autotransfusion cases.
An In-Vitro Evaluation of the Bio-Medicus Blood Pump
Authors: Massimino R. J. , Martin J. , Gough J.D. , Stearns G. T.
Published: September 2023

The Bio-Medicus blood pump was evaluated for possible micro-emboli release and the flow/afterload relationship inherent in any load-sensitive device.

A standard extracorporeal circuit was primed with Plasmalyte A. Microemboli transducers with 7.5 MHz lithium niobate crystals were placed proximal and distal to the Bio-Medicus pump. In Phase I of the study, room air was injected proximally at varying pump flow rates with subsequent embolic activity recorded distally. In Phase II, pump afterload was increased to 750 mmHg in 50 mmHg increments while flow rate and RPM were recorded in the automatic modes.

Microemboli ranging from 32,000 to 280,000 counts/L. were recorded distally at all flow rates after injecting 0.5 cc. of room air. In the manual mode, flow decreased as afterload increased with no change in RPM. In the automatic mode, the flow rate remained constant with a subsequent 105% increase in RPM with a pump afterload of 650 mmHg.
Costs of purchase, maintenance, microbiological control, and reprocessing of a reusable duodenoscope
Authors: Thiveaud Dominique , Durand Fanny , Hajjar Joseph , Le Dinh Emma , Metz Vanessa , Napoleon Bertrand , Plessis Céline , Prat Frédéric , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Ponchon Thierry
Published: September 2023

Background and study aims The costs of reusable endoscope reprocessing have been evaluated, yet external validity of the findings remains challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the costs of purchase, maintenance, microbiological control, and reprocessing of a reusable duodenoscope per endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in France. Study findings exclude the costs of infection, downtime due to breakdown, reprocessing single-use material disposal, and device disposal, all of which should also be considered.

Materials and methods The study encompassed both observational and theoretical approaches. Observational data were collected in four hospitals, from December 2019 to December 2020, with an ad hoc survey, based on 2016 and 2018 national guidelines for duodenoscope reprocessing. Costs were modeled, using the same guidelines, assuming a mean workload of 223 ERCP/duodenoscope/year.

Results The mean observed cost of purchase, maintenance, microbiological control, reprocessing (human resources and consumables), and overhead (additional 35%) with a reusable duodenoscope was €80.23 (standard deviation €3.77) per ERCP. The corresponding mean theoretical cost was €182.71 for manual reprocessing without endoscope drying cabinet (EDC), €191.36 for manual reprocessing with EDC, €235.25 for automated endoscope reprocessing (AER) without EDC, and €253.62 for AER with EDC.

Conclusions Because procedures, equipment, volume activity, number of duodenoscopes, human resources, and internal work organizations are hospital-dependent, observed costs varied between hospitals. Theoretical costs were higher than observed costs, showing that the theoretical approach is not sufficient. Hypotheses to explain the difference between the two approaches include failing to measure some costs in the survey and challenges in guideline implementation.
Serious Complications of the Percutaneous A1 Pulley Release: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Dong Chul , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Hohyung , Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Jin Soo , Roh Si Young
Published: September 2023

Percutaneous first annular pulley (A1 pulley) release, which has been increasingly used to treat trigger fingers, has been widely established as a safe and simple procedure. Multiple studies have reported positive results of percutaneous A1 pulley release. In this study, however, we report cases of patients who developed complications after undergoing percutaneous A1 pulley release at local clinics. A total of six patients visited our hospital for infectious complications after percutaneous A1 pulley release. Various sequelae such as damage to normal structures, insufficient procedure, and tissue necrosis were observed during the exploration. A retrospective study was conducted to identify the cause and trend of the observed complications by instruments (HAKI knife or needle). In the HAKI knife group, there was a tendency for damage to normal structures, while in the needle group, an insufficient release or serious soft tissue necrosis was observed. Based on these cases, our findings confirm the existence and characteristics of infectious complications following the percutaneous A1 pulley release. We further identify that the type of instrument used predicts the nature of complications. Thus, reliable and skilled performance of the procedure by experts is essential for safe treatment.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of 1,2-Dioxolanes from Tetrasubstituted Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Oliver Gwyndaf A. , Kolb Simon , Werz Daniel B.
Published: September 2023

An electrochemical method for the synthesis of 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted 1,2-dioxolanes from donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with quaternary donor positions is described. This catalyst-free strategy delivers radical cations after C(sp3)–C(sp3) cleavage by direct anodic oxidation of the strained carbocycle. A broad scope with regard to the cyclopropanes employed in the reaction is presented. Additionally, we propose a plausible mechanism for the reaction.
Exploring Differences in Screening and Enrollment Metrics in Orthopaedic Clinical Trials
Authors: Stiegel Laura , Visperas Anabelle , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Klika Alison
Published: September 2023

The success of any clinical trial relies heavily on patient recruitment and retention. The purpose of this study was to review screening and enrollment metrics for orthopaedic clinical trials, comparing different patient populations to determine common challenges to recruitment and differences in rates of enrollment. Screening logs and study trackers were manually reviewed for four clinical trials at a single academic institution and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and an observational study. Data extracted from these documents included the number of patients screened, number excluded and reasons for exclusion, number enrolled, number of withdrawn and reason. Of the four trials reviewed, the point-of-care diagnostic test had the highest number of patients excluded and the lowest patient refusal rate. Refusal rates were highest in the venous thromboembolism prophylaxis study and enrollment rates were the lowest in the RCT of drug treatments and the highest rate in the observational study. The success of the trial relies on the ability to recruit patients and factors need to be considered when recruiting participants including sample size requirements and inclusion and exclusion criteria. These data provide some insights into the patient recruitment experience at our institution with different patient populations and study types, highlighting key points to be aware of when planning for an orthopaedic clinical trial.
Palladium-Catalyzed Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Aryl-C-Glycosides from Arylboronic Acids and Glycal Enones Through 1,4-Conjugate Addition Reactions
Authors: Kandasamy Jeyakumar , Singh Adesh Kumar , Venkatesh Rapelly
Published: September 2023

1,4-Conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to the glycal enones delivered 2-deoxy-α-aryl-C-glycosides in good yields. The reaction was catalyzed by palladium acetate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline. A wide range of glycal enones derived from d-glucal, d-galactal, and d-rhamnal participated in the coupling reaction with different arylboronic acids smoothly. Different protecting groups including benzyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, and benzoyl were compatible under optimized conditions.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of N-Secondary Alkyl Indoles via Intermolecular Cyclization of N-Nitrosoanilines and Unsymmetrical Alkynes
Authors: Dong Yi , Xu Heng , Chang Yiting , Hou Tingting
Published: September 2023

A Cp*Rh-catalyzed C–H functionalization/cyclization to afford 2,3-substituted N-secondary alkyl indole derivatives is described. This intermolecular cyclization of N-secondary nitrosoanilines and unsymmetrically substituted alkynes has good performances in yields, substrate scope, and regioselectivities.
Intermediate and Long-Term Outcomes of the Universal 2 Total Wrist Replacement
Authors: Truss Adam , Morris Geraint , Sawalha Seif , Waseem Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Introduction Arthritis of the wrist can lead to severe functionally debilitating pain which, after failed conservative measures, may require treatment with total wrist replacement (TWR). Various prosthetic designs, such as the Universal 2 implant, have been developed in attempts to combat the multitude of complications faced with replacing a complex and highly mobile joint. Having previously published short-term outcome results for the Universal 2 prosthesis, we now present the long-term survival data.

Materials and Methods 19 patients underwent 21 TWR using the Universal 2 prosthesis between September 2004 and March 2008. Outcome data were collected in the form of Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaires at short- (mean 4.8 years), intermediate- (mean 11.1 years), and long-term (mean 15.6 years) intervals. Nonparametric and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed.

Results At long-term follow-up, 7 out of the original 21 TWRs had required a revision or fusion procedure, or 7 out of 11 when excluding those lost to follow-up or who had died. At the intermediate follow-up, only one patient had required a revision procedure. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a median survival of 12.9 years and a 10-year survival probability of 68.1%. There was a statistically significant improvement from preoperative PRWE at short-term (p = 0.001) and intermediate (p = 0.01) follow-ups. This was not seen at the long-term follow-up (p = 0.068). After an initial improvement in DASH score at short-term follow-up (p = 0.003), the intermediate and long-term DASH scores were not significantly different from preoperative.

Conclusion The Universal 2 poses a reasonable TWR implant choice for patients with debilitating arthritis. However, despite excellent short-term follow-up outcomes, longer term follow-up shows the design does continue to be plagued by implant failure and instability.
Discrepancies of Abstracts Presented in Coloproctology Congresses and Later Publish as Full Manuscripts. A Brazilian Perspective
Authors: Samartine Junior Hugo , Levy Nicole Goldenberg , Paiva Daniel Ferreira , Gracitelli Giovanna Bertazzola , Silva Lauro Igor , De Aquino José Luís Braga , Mendes Elisa Donalisio Teixeira
Published: September 2023

Introduction The purpose of this retrospective bibliometric study was to assess the discrepancies between coloproctology surgery meeting abstracts and subsequent full-length manuscript publications.

Methods Abstracts presented at the Brazilian Congress of Coloproctology Surgery from 2015 to 2019 were compared with matching manuscript publications. Discrepancies between the abstract and therefore the subsequent manuscript were categorized as major (changes within the purpose, methods, study design, sample size, statistical analysis, results, and conclusions) and minor (changes within the title, authorship, and number of female authors) variations.

Results The conversion rate of abstracts in published manuscripts was 6,9% (121 abstracts). There were inconsistencies between the study title (66,1%), authorship (69,5%), study design (3,3%), sample size (39,2%), statistical analysis (24,8%), results (25,6%), and conclusions (12,4%) of manuscripts compared with their corresponding meeting abstracts.

Conclusion As changes occur before manuscript publication of coloproctology surgery meeting abstracts, caution should be exercised in referencing abstracts or altering surgical practices based on abstracts content.
Identification of Potential Urinary Protein Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study Using a Proteomic Approach
Authors: Alves Martins Bruno Augusto , de Oliveira Raphaela Menezes , Martins Mickaella Michelson , de Oliveira Paulo Gonçalves , Martins Aline Maria Araújo
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most diagnosed malignancies worldwide, and it is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite recent progress in screening programs, noninvasive accurate biomarkers are still needed in the CRC field. In this study, we evaluated and compared the urinary proteomic profiles of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and patients without cancer, aiming to identify potential biomarker proteins. Urine samples were collected from 9 patients with CRC and 9 patients with normal colonoscopy results. Mass spectrometry (label-free LC‒MS/MS) was used to characterize the proteomic profile of the groups. Ten proteins that were differentially regulated were identified between patients in the experimental group and in the control group, with statistical significance with a p value ≤ 0.05. The only protein that presented upregulation in the CRC group was beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). Subsequent studies are needed to evaluate patients through different analysis approaches to independently verify and validate these biomarker candidates in a larger cohort sample.
Predictors of Long-Term Healing for Endorectal Advancement Flap for Anorectal Fistulas
Authors: Muharrem Oner , Abbas Maher Aref
Published: September 2023

Introduction Anorectal fistulas are some of the commonest surgical proctologic disorders treated by surgeons. Despite the recent introduction of various sphincter preserving techniques, the search for the optimal operation continues. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of long-term healing for the endorectal advancement flap

Methods A retrospective review of a single surgeon experience with the endorectal advancement flap for anorectal fistulas over an 18-year period. The impact of various patient and fistula related factors were analyzed for their impact on the primary endpoint of long-term fistula healing

Results 87 patients underwent endorectal advancement flap (Male/Female 42.5/57.5%). Median age was 41 years. Sixty-nine patients (79.3%) had anal fistula while 18 patients had rectal fistula (20.7%). An anterior based fistula was noted in 45 patients (51.7%). The most common etiology was cryptoglandular disease (87.4%). The median operative time was 75 minutes (range 36-250). Postoperative septic complications were noted in 4 patients (4.6%). Fistula healing was documented in 80 patients (93%). During a median follow-up of 4 months (range 1-38, 1 patient lost to follow-up), recurrence was noted in 8 patients (9.3%), yielding an overall long-term success rate of 83.7%. The long-term healing rate was higher in patients with fistulas from cryptoglandular etiology (86.6%) compared to fistulas from other etiologies (63.6%) [p = 0.027].

Conclusions The endorectal advancement is associated with a high healing rate, a low postoperative septic complication rate, and infrequent risk for recurrence. Long-term healing without recurrence is achieved more frequently in patients with cryptoglandular etiology of the fistula compared to patients with non-cryptoglandular etiology.
McKittrick Wheelock Syndrome Secondary to Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum. Case Report and Diagnostic Considerations
Authors: Quintero Claudia Alejandra Aceves , Pacheco Santiago Taracena , Sarmiento Itzel Vela
Published: September 2023

Introduction McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome is a rare entity characterized by chronic diarrhea, acute kidney injury, and hydroelectrolytic imbalance associated with a large rectal tumor, frequently a villous adenoma.

Case report A 69-year-old male with chronic diarrhea with mucus. He underwent a colonoscopy with biopsies, reporting adenocarcinoma of the rectum in situ, and underwent a robot assisted intersphincteric resection with colo-anal anastomosis and a protecitive ileostomy.

Discussion Described in 1954, this syndrome is manifested by electrolyte imbalance and acute renal injury secondary to diarrhea associated with a rectal villous adenoma, often with long lasting symptoms. The most frequent symptom being watery diarrhea with mucus. The definitive treatment consists of surgical resection.

Conclusion Although this is a rare pathology, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of chronic diarrhea associated with water and electrolyte disorders.
Cutting of Sphincter in Fistulectomy with Primary Closure in Complex Fistula-in-Ano: Is it Feasible?
Authors: Verma Amrendra , Kothari Reena , Sharma Dhananjaya , Agarwal Pawan
Published: September 2023

Introduction Treatment of complex fistulas such as inter- or transsphincteric, recurrent, and high fistulae have high rate of recurrence or incontinence. Fistulectomy with primary sphincter reconstruction might represent an effective and safe alternative to reduce rate of recurrence and incontinence. The aim of this study is to assess incontinence and recurrence after fistulectomy with primary sphincter reconstruction for management of complex fistulas.

Material and Methods There were 60 patients with complex fistulae involving the sphincter, with 56 male and 4 female, mean age 40.6 years, operated by fistulectomy and primary sphincter repair over a period of 7 years. Patients were followed up for 6months for any complications, recurrence, and incontinence.

Results The majority of patients (50, 83.3%) had complete wound healing in 2 weeks, while 4 (6.6%) patients had hematoma and superficial wound dehiscence, which were managed conservatively and healed in 4 weeks. There was one recurrence. All patients had good continence postoperatively, except for mild fecal incontinence (FI, score 3), seen in 6 (10%) patients. However, all these patients regained continence within 6 weeks.

Conclusions Primary reconstruction of anal sphincter with fistulectomy is a safe option for complex fistula-in-ano.