bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Italian Undergraduates Join Facebook, but Keep a Critical Distance
Authors: Ferri Paolo , Cavalli Nicola , Mangiatordi Andrea , Micheli Marina , Pozzali Andrea , Scenini Francesca , Serenelli Fabio
Published: September 2013

Facebook is the most popular social network site in Italy, and its usage is particularly spread among younger generations. This paper explores how undergraduate students use Facebook, and what meanings they attach to it. Research was performed in 2008 and in 2009 at a Italian university, with a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methodology. The authors’ survey data show the quick adoption of Facebook. In 2008 half of the students were completely unfamiliar with Facebook, while in 2009 59% of them were using it on a regular basis. Evidence coming from semi-structured interviews with randomly selected university students show that the massive adoption of Facebook goes hand in hand with a general critical attitude. Concerns about privacy issues were common, and they can also lead to a kind of detachment from this site. Implications on the perspective use of Facebook as an educational tool are discussed in the paper.
Determination of Specific Heat of Eutectic Indium – Bismuth-Tin Liquid Metal Alloys as a Test Material for Liquid Metal - Cooled Applications
Authors: Lipchitz Adam , Harvel Glenn , Sunagawa Takeyoshi
Published: September 2013

Currently, Russia, India, China, France, South Korea, and Japan are actively pursuing liquid metal cooled applications such as liquid cooled metal nuclear reactor concepts. The liquid metal coolants being considered for these designs are sodium, lead and lead-bismuth eutectic; these designs utilize reactive and toxic materials at temperatures up to 1073 K for nuclear power plant operations and other similar applications. To simulate these systems with the actual coolant material requires a high level of safety systems. Use of these materials in university experimental laboratory settings is difficult due to the safety hazards and that lead (Pb) is a designated substance requiring special permission to use. Therefore, a less toxic and less reactive liquid metal that can be used to simulate liquid metal cooled flows will allow for a greater number of investigations and experimentation of liquid metal flow with regards to the field of thermal hydraulics. Good candidates for a liquid metal experimental fluid are alloys from the indium-bismuth-tin system such as Fields metal, which by weight percent is 51% indium, 32.5% bismuth and 16.5% tin and possesses a melting temperature of 333 K. However, the thermodynamic properties of Fields metal and similar alloys in their liquid state are not well described in literature. This work experimentally measures the specific heat of the eutectic alloys of theindium-bismuth-tin tertiary system using a differential scanning calorimeter technique and analyzes the results to determine if the thermodynamic properties of the system have sufficient scaling for experimental modeling applications. The results verify the melting temperatures of the alloys and establish a relationship between temperature and specific heat.
Advantages of Bioplastics and Global Sustainability
Authors: Chen Ying Jian
Published: September 2013

Today,bioplastics are becoming increasingly prominent owing mainly to scarcity of oil,increase in the cost of petroleum-based commodities,and growing environmental concerns with the dumping of non-biodegradable plastics in landfills. In this paper,we first discuss the definition and basic facts as well as the major advantages of bioplastics,then the main differences between plastics and bioplastics in packaging are reviewed. Finally,possible future developments of bioplastics are prospected.
Application of Fuzzy Structural Analysis for Damage Prediction Considering Uncertain S/N Curve
Authors: Vaško Milan , Sága Milan
Published: September 2013

The paper presents chosen traditional (based on probability theory) and non-traditional (based on possibility theory) computational tools for analysis of the material, geometric or loading uncertainties in mechanical structures. Uncertainties are introduced as bounded possible values intervals or as fuzzy sets, assuming possibility theory and as random parameters in the case of the probability theory. The main goal was to propose numerical algorithms for fuzzy analysis of stochastic oscillated FE model (truss structure) and to predict fuzzy fatigue damage considering fuzzy S/N curve.
Effect of a New Organic Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Salt Solution
Authors: Al-Sultani Khadim Finteel , Al-Seroury F.A. , Shaymaa Abbas Abdulsada
Published: September 2013

Carbon steel, the most widely used engineering material, despite its relatively limited corrosion resistance used in large tonnages in marine applications, nuclear power transportation, chemical processing , petroleum production and refining, pipelines, mining, construction and metal-processing equipment. The main objective of the present work involved the study of the inhibitive properties of natural product as spearmint plant extract as a safety and an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in (3.5% NaCl) solution. Results showed when the immersion model in (3.5% NaCl) solution that contains the inhibitor with concentration of (15% in volume), it's getting decrease in lost weight , indicating a layer of adequate oxide on the surface of steel, indicating that the amount of loss weight decrease with increasing concentration of inhibitor and this shows the damper on his ability to form a protective layer .
The Effect of Nanoparticles Modification on PLA/Nano-ZnO Composite
Authors: Ding Li Bo , Rui Jiang , Li Jun Tao
Published: September 2013

Prepared PLA/nanoZnO composite with nanoZnO treated by silane coupling agent KH550 and titanium ester NDZ-201. Thought mechanical properties testingfourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopyPOM to study the mechanical properties and crystallization properties of composites. The results show that the mechanical properties of composite were increased and reach the best with 2% coupling agent;spherocrystal size reduced,crystalline rate and crystallinity enhanced,and the effect of titanium ester is more obvious.
Dehydrogenation Pressure Drop in NaBH4 Solution in Ru-Catalyzed 300 μm Microchannel Chemical Reactor
Authors: Lee Hee Joon
Published: September 2013

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is considered to be a secure metal hydride for hydrogen storage and supply. In this study, the two-phase pressure drop in the dehydrogenation of aqueous NaBH4solution in a microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 300 μm is investigated for the purpose of designing a dehydrogenation chemical reactor. Because hydrogen gas was generated by the hydrolysis of NaBH4in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst, two different phases of flow (aqueous NaBH4solution and hydrogen gas) exist in the microchannel reactor. For experimental studies, a microchannel was fabricated on a silicon wafer substrate with a 100 nm ruthenium catalyst deposited on three sides of the channel surface. Based on the experimental result, it is found that the two-phase multiplier linearly increases with the void fraction, which depends on the initial NaBH4concentration, the NaBH4reaction rate, and the flow residential time.
Optimizing of Electric Discharge Texturing Parameters of Rolls of the Rolling Mill of Steel Sheets
Authors: Evin Emil , Kmec Jozef , Fechová Erika
Published: September 2013

The producers of components require that cuts of steel sheets for superficial parts of cars would have guaranteed surface microgeometry, minimum defects, homogenous surface over the full width and length of the belt, mat appearance, good adhesion of the Zn layer. Microgeometry of the surface of galvanized sheets for superficial parts of cars is one of the decisive factors affecting the appearance of the surface after painting and stampability of steel sheets. Requirements for microgeometry are mainly focused on the roughness parameters Ra [μm] (roughness), Pc [cm-1] (number of peaks) or Wa [μm] (undulation roughness). This paper presents the study results of the influence of selected parameters of electric discharge texturing of rolls of the rolling mill on the Ra roughness parameter and number of peaks. Reliability of the process of electric discharge texturing of work rolls was assessed according to Cpm and Cp reliability indices. Dependencies on electric discharge texturing were depicted to predict Raand Pc qualitative indices of roughness.
A Study on the Sound-Absorbing Characteristics of Multi Air Layer
Authors: Liu Kai Hua , Lai Rong Ping , Kuo Chien Heng
Published: September 2013

The air layer on the back of sound-absorbing construction affects the sound absorption coefficient. In previous studies, the single air layer is the setting condition of sound-absorbing construction, while the impact of the multi air layer on sound absorbing construction is rarely discussed. Therefore, this study used the common perforated steel plate sound-absorbing construction as the subject, with factors including steel plate perforation, number of air layers on the back of the sound-absorbing construction, and the total thickness of air layers on the backside of the sound-absorbing construction. According to the results, the sound-absorbing coefficient of a multi air layer is higher than that of a single air layer. When the number of air layers is below 4, the range of low and medium frequency is affected. When there are five air layers, the range of high and medium frequency is affected.
Elastic Modulus of Concrete Cast with Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Choong Wee Kang , Leong Lau Teck , Sin Choon Seng , Goh Boon Hoe
Published: September 2013

In view of the importance of recycled aggregates concrete with primary aim to minimise environmental impacts from construction waste, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of recycled aggregates on concrete elastic modulus. The outcomes indicate that type of recycled aggregates influences the development of concrete elastic modulus. In general, the use of recycled aggregates posts significant reductions in concrete elastic modulus.
Analysis about the Properties Impact of the Recycled Aggregate which were Caused by Different Produced Methods and Original Concrete
Authors: Dai Mu Xiang , Zhu Xiao E , Chen Xu Jun
Published: September 2013

The influences which were caused by difference of produced methods and original concrete on the performance of recycled aggregate have been studied in this paper. Moderate reprocessing of recycled aggregate can effectively improve the performance. Higher strength matrix concrete, better the performance of recycled aggregate, and the recycled concrete strength will be higher also. Original concrete has little effect on the performance of recycled aggregate.
Research on the Formula of Polyaspartic Ester Polyurea Concrete Coating and its Application
Authors: Feng Jing , Liao Ling Min , Chen Liang , Xiao Cheng Jing , Wang Shan Feng , Li Hui
Published: September 2013

Its of great importance to develop various outstanding protective concrete coating with favorable impermeability and crack-resistance properties. In this study, the polyaspartic ester polyurea was prepared, and its adhesion to concrete was evaluated by universal testing machine and SEM technology. The optimal formula of polyurea was obtained by investigating the effects of each component's content on the bonding strength to concrete and the water contact angle. Subsequently, the mechanical and surface properties of these polyurea coating were tested. The results showed that the polyurea was obtained by the following formula: the weight ratio of A1/A2/B was 0.612/ 0.408/ 1, and the fluoride filler content was 3%. The coating exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as high bonding strength (4.5 MPa), sufficient tensile strength (16.4 MPa) and elongation at break (456%). Meanwhile, the coating showed a hydrophobic surface with its water contact angle of 105°. Hence, the polyurea coating is likely to improve the crack-resistance and impermeability properties of hydraulic concrete. Till now, the polyurea coating has been applied to the concrete repair and protection engineering in the South-to-North Water Transfers Project.
Crack Detection and Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges
Authors: Liu Kang , Wu Bo , Yuan Yuan
Published: September 2013

As more and more large-span prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridges have been constructed, different types of cracks have appeared on box girder, which not only spoils the beauty, but also reduces the safety and durability of these bridges. This paper sees one rigid frame bridge on the highway as the research background, and then detects and analyzes the cracks appeared on the web plates of the long-span prestressed concrete rigid frame bridge in construction phase. In the last, it discusses the major causes of the cracks on the web plates with ANSYS simulation analysis results.
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Cement Silo Structure
Authors: Gan Hong , Yang Yi Zhen
Published: September 2013

Cement silo belonging to special structure, widely used in the cement industry, cement production is essential in the process of building. With the development of society, advances in industrial, cement silo construction have been expanding. This is an update to a cement silo structure, using finite element analysis, calculation and analysis in the context of full and half given mechanical properties, with ANSYS simulation modeling in order to get weak cement silo structure location, and design improvements for the weak position.
The Application of the Creep Model in the High-Speed Railway Subgrade Settlement Prediction Techniques
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Shan Xiong , Yu Fei
Published: September 2013

Settlement prediction is an important method to judge whether the post-construction settlement of the high-speed railway foundation satisfies the requirement of the standard. The paper uses the numerical calculating method based on creep model to predict the subgrade post-construction settlement of the surcharge preloading processing segment of the high-speed railway through inversing the creep parameters, and does comparative analysis with the more researched function fitting methods. The conclusion is that: (1) the numerical calculating method based on creep model is feasible to predict the post-construction settlement; (2) the method can predict the settlement trend with any time starting point; (3) the method can predict the settlement with relatively less actually measured data so as to saving project cycle.
Calibration of SWAN Model for Wave Simulation in Bohai Sea
Authors: Lv Xiang Cui , Wang Dao Sheng , Yuan De Kui , Tao Jian Hua
Published: September 2013

It is necessary to obtain a further understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of water waves in the Bohai Sea for the coastal engineering construction and environment protection in this area. The SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) model, a third-generation wave spectral model on the basis of wave action conservation has been applied to study the water waves in the Bohai Sea by several researchers, and encouraging results have been obtained. However, the calibrated parameter for a wave process at an individual station does not have universal applicability for other stations, which causing problems to anyalyze the wave characteristics in the Bohai Sea. Thus, in this study how to calibrate the SWAN model in the Bohai Sea was analyzed carefully in terms of five sets of short-term wave data and one set of long-term wave data at Tanggu. It was found that wind, whitecapping, bottom mechanisms of wave source function and tide current are the four main factors in the process of wave development. A set of optimized parameters suitable for both long-term and short-term wave processes in the Bohai Sea is suggested through the sensitivity analyses of these elements. Comparisons between the simulated results and the field measured data show that the validated model can provide more accurate results for both long-term and short-term simulations and can be used to study the wave characteristics in the Bohai Sea.
Modeling and Simulation of Horizontal Single Head Screw Conveyor with Different Fill Levels and Rotational Speed Based on EDEM
Authors: Mei Lei , Hu Ji Quan , Li Yong Zhi , Yang Gong Bo
Published: September 2013

Horizontal-screw conveyor is a key equipment for bulk delivery. In order to optimize the design and improve the efficiency of bulk delivery, this paper makes a depth research on it. Analysis tool (EDEM) with discrete element and a setting periodic boundary model are applied in this work to simulate the horizontal single head screw conveyors grain (e.g. rice) delivery condition under different fill levels and screw rotational speeds. From the analysis of the simulation results, a conclusion can be drawn that when conveying grain materials, horizontal single head screw conveyor should set an appropriate fill level and screw rotational speed according to the property of grain materials, to make the horizontal screw conveyor with a high transmission efficiency and low energy consumption.
Mechanical Component Reliability Calculation through Multi-Plane Combination Method
Authors: Lu Hai Tao , Dong Yu Ge
Published: September 2013

For the performance function with high nonlinearity around the most probable failure region, stress-strength interference model and advanced first-order second-moment method (AFOSM) can cause huge errors in the computation results. The multi-plane combination method is presented to calculate reliability of the mechanical component, in which the component reliability calculation is first transformed into a relatively simple system reliability problem, and then the equivalent calculation method is applied to estimate system reliability. The example application shows the accuracy and efficiency of the multi-plane combination method.
Equilibrium of a Thick-Walled Sphere of Inhomogeneous Nonlinear-Elastic Material
Authors: Andreev Vladimir I.
Published: September 2013

Paper considers the problem of nonlinear theory of elasticity for inhomogeneous thick-walled sphere. The problem is solved in centrally symmetric statement. In general, all the parameters of the nonlinear dependence between the intensities of the stresses and strains are functions of the radius. As an example, solve the problem of stress distribution in the soil mass with a spherical cavity.
Influence of Zinc Content on Anti-Corrosion Performance of Zinc-Rich Coatings
Authors: Li Guo Xin , Li Bing Jie , Peng Yi Liang , Yue Wei Tong
Published: September 2013

The zinc-rich coating prevents steel from corrosion by sacrificing electrochemical cathode anode protection, but the zinc content is the most important parameter. In this paper, the zinc-rich coatings made with the amino resin, acrylic resin, complex solvents, auxiliary agents and high purity zinc powder. The coatings were applied onto steel substrate and then placed in neutral salt spray for 3000 h in order to study the anti-corrosion performance. The results showed that the anti-corrosion performance was promoted with the zinc content increasing. When the zinc content was higher than 86 wt. %, the anti-corrosion performance can be reached 3000 h. The anticorrosion mechanisms were studied by polarization curves and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Aerodynamic Analysis of Inflatable Membrane Aeroshell
Authors: Wei Jian Zheng , Ma Rui Qiang , Tan Hui Feng , Zhang Wen Ting
Published: September 2013

With continuous developments of the manned space flight and planetary exploration missions, a new inflatable re-entry aeroshell becomes one of the hot topics of international research. It has the obvious advantages of the easy package, light weight, large resistance area, the low coefficient of ballistic, and the small heat generated by hypersonic air. This vehicle can provide a new way for the emergency return of astronauts, deep space instrumentation and payload recovery. This paper focuses on an inflatable membrane aeroshell with a single loop. Three kinds of cone angle of 75 degrees, 90 degrees and 105 degrees are respectively studied aerodynamic drag. These results show that aerodynamic drag is relationship not only with cone angle but also aerodynamic configuration.
Research Progress of 3D Style Design Based on Sketching
Authors: Xuan Cui Xian , Gong Yong Jian , Li Qiang
Published: September 2013

This paper summarizes research progress of 3D style design based on sketching, especially focuses on 3D modeling method based on sketching, 3D stroke fitting. The future research direction on multi-strokes fitting and the use of digital pen pressure and other information for style design are proposed.
Numerical Simulation Study of the Impellers of the Centrifugal Pump Based on Different Turbulence Models
Authors: Guo Ao Hui , Zeng Yong Zhong , Liu Xiao Bing
Published: September 2013

The Computational Fluid (CFD) technology has been successfully used in the numerical simulation of the turbulent flow of centrifugal pump.In this article , we carry on the experiment by using uses ANSYS software,based on the standard k-ε model, SST model and BSL model , to get the the flow field of the numerical simulationof the impeller .We found that the simulation results and the actual results are different under different turbulence models. Then we can draw out the Q-η curve and compare it with the actual test data.Compared with other turbulence models, The SST model is more suitable for the models of centrifugal pumps in the article.Furthermore,we list the pressure contours and velocity vectors for pumps discussed in the paper under the optimal model.The process can provide a theoretical reference for the optimization and further study of the centrifugal pump in the future.
The Numerical Simulation Research of Disk-Type Molecular Pump Based on DSMC Method
Authors: Liu Bo , Ba De Chun , Fan Li Hua , Zhou Li Nan
Published: September 2013

First, the basic principle of the DSMC method is introduced, which include simulating process, calculating of collision and key technique about simulation. Then a detailed process of simulation analysis to Disk-type Molecular Pumps extraction process based on DSMC method, is described, such as establishing geometric model, meshing, selection of collision model, boundary simulation, etc. At last, the ongoing work is pointed out .
Performance Evaluation of Green Supply Chain Based on Catastrophe Progression Method
Authors: Dong Hai , Dong Shuang
Published: September 2013

With the development of society, environmental issues have been given more and more attention, and the improvement of public awareness, legal and environmental standards promote the rapid development of green supply chain. Combining with catastrophe progression method (CPM), enterprises who implement green supply chain are provided scientific and effective ways to manage company. Firstly, the evaluation process of CPM is given. Secondly, a set of green supply chain performance evaluation index system is designed on the basis of the connotation of green supply chain and environmental management standards, and the index system is designed by using dimensionless process. Finally, numerical examples show that the performance evaluation of green supply chain based on CPM has a higher scientific and practical application value.
The Empirical Research about the Impact on the Accounting System Changes to Earning Quality - Taking Manufacturing of a-Shares as an Example
Authors: Li Jun , Mei Bin , Li Su Fang
Published: September 2013

In order to investigate whether changes in the accounting system of mandatory significantly improve the quality of accounting earnings of listed companies, this paper uses empirical research methods and takes A-shares listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen manufacturing industry in the year of 2004-2009 as samples to analyze. The results show that with the constant reform and improvement of Chinese accounting system, the earnings quality of a share shows a significant upward trend on the whole, which demonstrates the changes in the accounting system can promote the earning quality to some extent. At the same time the research discover also shows that simple changes in accounting standards does not improve the quality of accounting information, unless it is accompanied by supporting the strong legal and enforcement mechanisms.
Research on Technology Integration Innovation Platform Performance Evaluation
Authors: Liu Cheng Qiang , Cheng Guo Ping
Published: September 2013

The performance of the technology integration innovation platform shows that the group's overall value creates result, the correct evaluation can help the platform to optimize the better allocation of resources, to achieve better output effect. We use data envelopment (DEA) method based on clearing connotation of the technology integration innovation platform performance, analyze the technology integration innovation platform input-output performance, summarize the analysis method and analyze the example simply, produce reference to the technology integration innovation platform.
Design of Indoor Harmful Gas Monitor System
Authors: Yang Yan Ling , Xie Zhi Ying
Published: September 2013

As people live or work on indoor environment of the perfect pursue, for from the household decorates the toxic gas such as formaldehyde, CO, and combustible gas of main composition methane (natural gas) will pay more attention to low concentration requirements. in order to build a safe and healthy environment, we design a simple and practical monitoring system, when the harmful gas exceeds bid, it can tell people in indoor gas solubility and promptly report to the police [1]. In this paper, we design the monitoring system using the MQ2 gas sensor as a receiver, STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the core, 1602 LCD for displaying output, used for indoor and toxic gas detection, according to at the same time equipped with a buzzer alarm output.
Research on Crater Wear Monitoring in Turning
Authors: Bi Xue Feng , Yang Cheng San
Published: September 2013

Tool wear is a significant research field in metal cutting because it affects not only the tool cost and replacing time, but also the productivity and surface quality. Tool wear monitoring is a key technology in tool wear research. A series of turning tests with different cutting time are implemented. Cutting power in cutting process is acquired by a power senor and crater wear value after cutting is measured. Time domain analysis of power data indicates that root mean square increases and kurtosis approaches to 0 with crater wear increase in turning process.
Three-Dimensional CT Imaging with Volume Rending of Separating Fusing, Opacifying and False-Coloring Technique
Authors: Duan Shao Yin , Zhong Hua , Ye Feng
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes a three-dimensional CT imaging (3DCT) method to show the anatomical structures. With the CT volume scanning data, 3DCT imaging with volume rendering of separating, fusing, opacifying and false-coloring (SFOF-VR) techniques was done on the workstation. SFOF-VR, with separately and jointly showing the complicated anatomy and their spatial relations, is valuable in finding the variations of bone, artery and vein, and diagnosing their diseases. When comparing with routine volume rendering (R-VR), SFOF-VR provides more clear and direct anatomical basis for imaging diagnosis and surgical operation.
Increase the Innovation Dynamics by Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Examples of E-Government
Authors: Chen Hong Bing , Zhou Jian Min , Zhou Chun Fang
Published: September 2013

Based on examples of the application of e-government, this paper aims to provide a theoretical study on how the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) helps to increase the innovation dynamics of the regional systems. According to the literature review, we understand the innovation dynamic of a regional system is generated from the interplay of the knowledge production between different actors such as government, university and industry. ICT can be viewed as the stimulus of facilitating the e-government to develop the innovation dynamics. Accordingly, some examples of the application of e-governments around the world will be provided for a deep understanding the link between ICT and innovation dynamics.
Analysis of a System
Authors: Shi Chang Guang
Published: September 2013

Information theorists and electrical engineers agree that stochastic information is an interesting new topic in the field of programming languages. In fact, few physicists would disagree with the emulation of checksums. Our focus in our research is not on whether SMPS and virtual machines are entirely incompatible, but rather on presenting an analysis of interrupts of Dv.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 40CrNiMo7 Steel after High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment
Authors: Wang Hui Hui , Hao Sheng Zhi
Published: September 2013

High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment was conducted on 40CrNiMo7 steel. The surface microstructure was characterized by metalloscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness and wear resistance of modified surface were measured. After the HCPEB treatment, the surface crater structure was observed due to the inhomogeneity of initial material. A modified layer of depth ~ 7 μm was formed with a hybrid microstructure composed mainly of martensite and a small quantity of austenite. The surface microhardness of HCPEB modified sample was increased drastically to more than 1000 HK. The wear resistance increased by about 36% as compared to the initial state.
The Research and Application of Particle Swarm Optimization in Parameter Tuning on PID Controller
Authors: Tang Yu Lan , Chen Jian Hui
Published: September 2013

A design method of PID controller based on particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the difficult problems of parameter tuning on PID controller in automatic control system. And the specific experimental structure is also given. The transfer function of DC servo generator was found with identification of system parameters, and the PID parameters were searched by particle swarm algorithm. MATLAB simulation was used to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of this approach. The simulation result was compared to the result of searching PID parameters based on genetic algorithm, and it is show that the seeking time to tune the PID parameters by using the particle swarm algorithm is faster than by using the genetic algorithm method.
Effects of Different Alloy Composition on Phase Transformation of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: Pei Chang Gui , Bai Pei Kang , Guo Zhang Xia
Published: September 2013

Many factors affect the phase, chemical composition, heating rate, cooling rate, microstructure, deformation will affect the phase transformation. Laboratory testing of finished the test used with different chemical composition, but the heating rate, cooling rate, microstructure and deformation degree are the same. Through differential thermal analyzer (DTA) measurement of phase transformation temperature of the samples, explain the effect of different alloy composition of non-oriented electrical steel phase transformation.
Lifetime Prediction of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Used for O-Ring Sealing
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhang Hui , Sheng Jiang Feng , Liu Yi Xi
Published: September 2013

This work predicts the service life of nitrile butadiene rubbers used for O-ring sealing. The principle of time-temperature equivalence was adopted to shift the thermal ageing behaviors of rubbers and construct a master curve by superposition. The lifetime of rubbers were estimated from the master curves.
Thermal Degradation of Hemp Treated with Guanidine Nitrate
Authors: Yang Yong Li
Published: September 2013

Hemp was treated with guanidine nitrate to impart flame retardance. The thermal degradation of the samples were studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The flame retardance was determined by LOI. Morphology of the char structure was studied by SEM to obtain information concerning the thermal degradation mechanism. For hemp treated with guanidine nitrate, which has higher LOI and char yield values, the oxidative decomposition stages include a decomposition stage at lower temperatures (203-240°C) , leading to more carbonaceous residue and small amount of flammable products to get the good flame retardance. The SEM of the chars of hemp treated with guanidine nitrate also indicate the structure of the charring layer may increase heat insulation, and protect inner matrix materials.
Warm Compaction and Characterization of Paniculate Reinforced CSP/Al Composite Material
Authors: Zhang Hong , Hua Wei , Wu Qing Ding
Published: September 2013

By applying new warm compaction forming technology of wood power developed through material forming theories in some interdisciplines such as applied science of wood and powder metallurgy, cotton stalk powder (CSP) was used as base material to prepare CSP/Al composite material of which the modulus of rupture and internal bond strength could be up to 83.95MPa and 6.82MPa respectively, wear resistance was 0.05g/100r and water absorption 0.65%. The sliding bearings made of the composite materials had a crushing strength and an apparent hardness up to 91.22MPa and HB51.1 separately. They are expected to replace sintered bronze of powder metallurgy in producing sliding bearings for light textile machinery so as to reduce the usage of nonferrous metal. The application of CSP/Al composite material explores a new way to use wood residuum in agriculture and forestry and ensure its high quality and cleanness.
Effects of Alkali Metal Content and Sintering Temperature on the Structure and Electrical Properties of (Na0.52K0.48) 0.94+xLi0.06-xNb0.94Sb0.06O3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Li Hai Tao , Hong Xiao Bo , Huang Hong Qiong , Gong Jin Feng , Cheng Zhi Yuan , Guo Han
Published: September 2013

Alkali niobate lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with nominal compositions [(Na0.52K0.48)0.94+xLi0.06-x](Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3((NK)xLNS) were prepared by normal sintering. Crystalline phase, piezoelectric properties and sintering behavior of (NK)xLNS ceramics were investigated with a special emphasis on the influence of alkli metal content. The x-ray diffraction patterns and the corresponding calculation of lattice parameters indicated that a phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry occurs asx=0.01, resulting in enhanced piezoelectric constant and planar electromechanical coupling coefficient of 266 pC/N and 38.5%, respectively. Withx=0.01, the ceramics sintered at 1050 C show higher density and better electrical properties. Our results indicate the importance of sintering temperature and elaborate compositional control for enhancing piezoelectric properties in niobate-based ceramics.
The Efficient Thermal Management of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Sun Shi Mei , Shi Yao , Liu Wei
Published: September 2013

According to the principle of heat transfer to set up corresponding model of lumped parameters, and calculate the heat production of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Under the steady state condition, with the help of numerical simulation and calculation in Sinda/Fluent,heat which from the internal of battery can be diffused through the heat pipe,especially dealing with issues such as local overheating. The result of this research shows that the use of the technique of liquid phase change heat transfer in the close room can have a high heat transfer efficiency, also start quickly and isothermal performance is good, the finally , its control is simple and it is very suitable for heat removal of PEMFC battery pack.
Review of Germanium Recovery Technologies from Coal
Authors: Xu Dong , Chen Yi Wei , Guo Hua , Liu Han Qiang , Xue Ying Dong , Zhang Wen Fu , Sun Yu Cai
Published: September 2013

This paper summarizes the Ge recovery technologies from coal, the traditional treating process is firstly introduced, which is burning and recycle burning the coal for Ge enrichment in the fly ash and then Ge is recovered by Chloride distillation method. The process material balance is calculated as followed. Different hydrometallurgical methods for Ge recovery from ash are compared for the advantage and disadvantage. The other methods like microbial leaching and dry distillation are reviewed as well. Lastly, the drawbacks and development direction of Ge recovery from coal are predicted.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Effect of Carbon Concentration on Silicon Carbide Crystal Growth
Authors: Hu Qiu Fa , Zhou Nai Gen , Hong Tao , Luo Lan , Li Ke , Zhou Lang
Published: September 2013

The effect of carbon concentration on SiC crystal growth from melt at 2900 K has been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The inter-atomic forces are calculated by MEAM potential. Atomic layer density showed that, with the carbon concentration increasing in the range of 1%-70%, the SiC crystal growth rate increased first as the c concentration less than 45%, and then decreased as the c concentration more than 50%. The number of defected atoms showed that the SiC crystal growth rate had exponent relation to the C concentration both during increasing and decreasing process.
A Evaluation on Pulverized Coal Combustion Properties Using a Thermogravimetric Analyze Method
Authors: Gao Yan Hong , Bian Ling Tao
Published: September 2013

In the present research work, volatile matter, influences of reaction temperature and particle size on combustion performance were investigated. Important results were obtained by experimental researches. Ignition point of anthracite coal/bituminous coal blends decreased with volatile matter in blend and combustion was improved. Burnout of coal blends decreased as a function of particle size. However, similar effects were gained when particle size less than 0.074mm accounted for 70%, 60% and 50%, respectively. By contrast, the ratio of 50% was a better choice for good effect and low cost.
The Adaptability Study for Developing Tight Gas Reservoirs Using Horizontal Wells
Authors: Peng Shu Qing , Zhao Wan Chun
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the development effectiveness of tight gas reservoirs, in this paper, the adaptability study of well type for developing tight gas reservoirs using horizontal wells was conducted in view of the characters of tight gas reservoir, and the well type optimization model for different reservoirs was proposed. The development effectiveness of the different well type for different reservoirs was put forward, and the adaptability of different well type for different reservoirs was obtained. The basic foundation and method of well type optimization for tight gas reservoirs was obtained.
The Study of Daqing Oilfield Class II Reservoirs Pore Throat Ratio Using Conventional Pressure Mercury Method
Authors: Ma Wen Guo , Wang Peng , Wang Ying
Published: September 2013

Through the Conventional pressure mercury experiment, the pore structure characteristics of the Class II reservoirs were studied in Daqing, and the conventional mercury penetration experiment date of 26 natural cores of Class II reservoirs were obtained, the pore volume, permeability contribution and pseudo pore-throat ratio distribution of different pore radius interval in Class II reservoirs were analyzed, the distribution characteristic of pore radius, throat radius and pore-throat ratio of Class II reservoirs were researched. The results showed that more than 60% of the Class II reservoirs pore volume distributed in the pore radius interval from 0.1μm to 5μm, the range of pore-throat ratio was 1.5~89.5. Therefore the reservoir space range of Class II reservoirs was from 0.1μm to 5μm.
Dehydration and Upgrading of Lignite with Microwave
Authors: Xin Fan Wen , Xu Zhi Qiang , Tu Ya Nan , Yang Wei , Han Xiang Yu , Geng Peng Fei
Published: September 2013

For solving the problems of high energy consumption and high capacity of water-absorption, microwave dehydration technology of lignite was studied in this paper. A self-developed microwave system was used for the experiment on dehydration of lignite from eastern Inner Mongolia. It was proved that the condition of moisture migration was improved and microwave dehydration had a unique mechanism. By analyzing the effects of microwave powers, coal particle sizes, and lignite qualities on drying characteristics, it was found that the moisture decreased when the microwave power increased. it was found that the higher the power was, the faster the moisture decreased; the smaller the particle size was, the faster the moisture decreased; the less the lignite was, the faster the moisture decreased. Through the scanning electron microscope analysis, it was concluded that microwave had no significant effect on the smooth particles, and the fibrous particles and clusters particles tended to be smooth under the effect of microwave. Therefore, the interface of lignite was relatively stable, and not easy to reabsorb water after microwave.
Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Waterbased Phenolic Resin/Silica Hybrid Material Prepared by In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Yuan Tian Biao , Xu Gui Long , Wang Yi , Yang Jin , Hu Jian
Published: September 2013

Waterbased phenolic resin/silica hybrid material was prepared by situ polymerization using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) as precursor. Effects of pre-hydrolysis condition of TEOS and TEOS content on the formation and stabilization of the hybrid material were studied. The flammability of the prepared composite material was studied by TGA (Thermo gravimetric analysis), LOI (limited oxygen index) and UL-94 test. The results show that stable waterbased hybrid material can be prepared when the amount of ammonia is 0.020g. TGA, LIO and UL-94 test result show that the hybrid material presents better flame retardancy.
Calculation of Moisture Content and Drying Rate during Microwave Drying
Authors: Khani Moghanaki Samad , Khoshandam Behnam , Mirhaj Mohammad Hosein
Published: September 2013

Convectional dryerswork at high temperature and usually lead to loss of quality for sensitivebiomaterial products (especially in nutrition). In this way the researchersfound the microwave power more effective and suitable for drying processes. Someof microwave drying advantages include the following: short drying time, highquality of product, low operating temperature, flexibility in producing widerange of products and easier process controlling. The article calculated themoisture content and drying rate during drying process. Microwave power, holdertray speed, dimension of samples, irradiation time were considered; under theseconditions experiments were done and the results show that microwave method hasmore advantages as comparing with convectional methods.
Microstructure and Microhardness Changes of 30CrMnSiA Steel Modified Surface Layers by Electrolyte-Plasma Processing
Authors: Skakov Mazhyn , Batyrbekov Erlan , Zhurerova Laila , Scheffler Michael
Published: September 2013

This work is devoted to research of 30CrMnSiA steel structurally modified surface layers and study of electrolyte-plasma treatment parameters influence on changing peculiarities of structural-phase state and also the increase of constructional 30CrMnSi steel operating ability. The chosen technology leads to the formation of stable ferrite-pearlite structures in 30CrMnSi steel surface layers, provides high mechanical properties. As for the basic experimental methods of research in the work we used metallographic analysis applying optical microscope «NEOPHOT-21» and «AXIOPHOT-2», Х-ray analysis on the diffractometer ХPertPRO in monochromatic CuKα-radiation, mechanical tests for microhardness on PMT-3М installation. It is established that microstructure of 30CrMnSi steel modified layers samples while different processing modes, consists of α - phase, iron carbides. Using technology of structural steels electrolytic-plasma cementation under arc discharge terms in the electrolyte, we get diffusive surface layer with increased microhardness parameters and wear resistance providing good operating ability for details often subjected to wear.
The Preparation and Application of Special Performance Ornamental Alloy Coating on Plastic Substrate
Authors: Li Nai Jun , Li Nai Wei , Li Mei Mei , Yi Ding
Published: September 2013

The electroless plating technics of copper on plastic substrate was researched, and on this basis, the Ni-W-P alloy plating technics on aforementioned plastic substrate was researched. The optimum electroless plating technics, plating technics and bath were found. The coating made in optimum technics was excellent in corrosion-resistance, wear-resistance, oxidation-resistance, and with a smooth, fine, shining surface. It was proved that the 8.1% phosphorus in the coating and the coating was amorphous crystal by determinations, the combination force between the substrate and the coating was very good, the properties of coating to resist corrosion and abrasion were 4 times better than that of Ni-P alloy by the tests. The coating was finery in ornamentally also.
Analysis of Interaction between HTHP Completion Packer's Slip and the Casing Wall
Authors: Cai Mao Jia , Cao Yin Ping , Wang Xing , Dou Yi Hua
Published: September 2013

The HTHP completion packers slip is a key element in ensuring the reliability of the packer. It plays an important part in supporting and locking the seal bore after anchoring in the casing wall. When the slip in touch with the casing, the interaction force between them occurs, and the supporting function of slip relies mainly on the interaction with the casing. This article analyzes the depth of slip into the casing based on the theory analysis and ANSYS finite element analysis. It approves that the biting depth of the slip increases with the load, and with the increase of tooth number, biting depth is gradually reduced. At last, we get the biting depth of the slip when the packer seated, which is 0.5mm~0.7mm. Besides this, we also analyze the VONMISES stress of the slip and the casing system and find that with the increase of tooth number the tooth stress gradually reduced, and that the slip biting depth and tooth stress gradually increase with the load.
Fabrication of Functionally Gradient Ultrafine-Grained WC-Co Composites
Authors: Yuan Yi Gao , Ding Jian Jun , Wang Yan Kun , Sun Wei Quan
Published: September 2013

The carburizing heat treatments of ultrafine-grained WC-Co composites with sub-stoichiometric carbon content were carried out, and the microstructures of ultrafine-grained WC-Co carbides before and after treated were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the functionally gradient ultrafine-grained WC-Co hardmetals with a Co depleted surface and not comprising the η-phase can be fabricated by carburizing heat treatment. After heat treatment, WC grain sizes in materials are still at the ultrafine grade.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Stellite21 Coating by Electro-Spark Deposition
Authors: Jing Qi Feng , Tan Ye Fa , Ji Hui Yong , Wang Xiao Long , Gao Li , Zhao Wei
Published: September 2013

Setellite21 cobalt-based alloy coating was deposited on 45 steel by electro-spark deposition. Microstructure and phase composition of the coating were analyzed. Wear resistance and wear mechanism of the coating were researched. The results indicate that the coating with compact structure is mainly composed of Co, Co6W6C, CoCx and CoCr. Average microhardness of the coating is 445.34 HV0.5, which is about 2 times to that of the substrate. The coating presents excellent wear resistance with no obvious peelings and scratches. Wear resistance of the coating is about 2.3~2.7 times to that of the substrate. Wear mechanism of the coating mainly contains abrasive wear and fatigue wear, and along with oxidization wear.