bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain technology opportunities in Kurdistan, applications and challenges
Authors: Abdullah Hilmi , Ibrahim Ali Hikmat
Published: February 2020

Recently, the blockchain technology has received a vast popularity because it brought revolutionary changes to some industries due to the fact that this technology enables the implementation of secure, decentralized and trustworthy applications. Moreover, this technology has many advantages over centralized systems such as immutability and transparency. The most common application of the blockchain technology is the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, which provides a method of transferring money in a secure way without the involvement of a central authority. In addition to the Bitcoin, there are other applications based on the blockchain technology in a variety of sectors and industries such as governance, healthcare and supply chain. In this paper, we discuss blockchain applications that can be implemented in Kurdistan and we highlight their opportunities and challenges.
The performance of Gauss Markov’s mobility model in emulated software defined wireless mesh network
Authors: Assegie Tsehay Admassu , Nair Pramod Sekharan
Published: February 2020

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a new trend in wireless communication promising greater flexibility, reliability, and performance over traditional wireless local area networks (WLANs).Test bed analysis and emulation plays an important role in evaluation of wireless networks and node mobility is the prominent feature of next generation wireless network. In this paper we will focus on the models of wireless station mobility and discuss their importance within the software defined wireless mesh network performance evaluation. The existing mobility models for the next generation software defined wireless network will be explored. Finlay, we will present the mobility models in the mininet-Wi-Fi test bed, and evaluate the performance of the models
Tag count based priority scheduling algorithm for mitigating the RFID collisions
Authors: C Hema , Sankar Sharmila , M Sandhya
Published: February 2020

RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) is a developing technology that employs electromagnetic signals to send the data among reader and tags to identify categorize and track the moveable items. The objective of this paper is to mitigate the reader collision problem by scheduling the readers in RFID system.  Mobile readers in the RFID network send the same frequency signal to the air to read the data from the tags. While these two signals interfere each other and Tags are unable to backscatter signal to the reader. This causes a reader collision problem. The Reader collision problem reduces the lifetime of the RFID network and generates redundant data in the RFID Network. Tag Count based Priority Scheduling algorithm is proposed, that enhances the throughput of the readers and mitigates the reader collision problem. In the cluster based RFID network, The Dragonfly algorithm performed the Cluster Head reader election and cluster construction process and then allotting the mobile readers in the cluster. This algorithm improves the energy efficiency and diminishes the reader collision problem, thereby alleviating the tag information loss and expanding the mobile RFID network life time, while compared with Priority Clustering Protocol and the Graph Coloring based TDMA algorithm.
Vortex search algorithm for designing hybrid active power filter
Authors: Thuyen Chau Minh , Khac Tung Truong , Hoai Phong Nguyen
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a new multi-objective optimization design method for Hybrid Active Power Filter based on the Vortex Search algorithm. The Vortex Search algorithm belongs to the Single-Solution Based algorithm class of Metaheuristics algorithm. This design method has the advantage of fast execution time, high convergence speed and prevent local trap problems. The achieved results are multi-objective, such as minimum total harmonic distortion of the supply current and source voltage and satisfy many constraints such as system stability, resonance conditions of branches and limits of the parameters. Compared with the traditional design method, simulation results have proved that: the proposed design method is given with better results in minimizing total harmonic distortion of the supply current and source voltage.
Clustering optimization in RFM analysis Based on k-Means
Authors: Gustriansyah Rendra , Suhandi Nazori , Antony Fery
Published: February 2020

RFM stands for Recency, Frequency, and Monetary. RFM is a simple but effective method that can be applied to market segmentation. RFM analysis is used to analyze customer’s behavior which consists of how recently the customers have purchased (recency), how often customer’s purchases (frequency), and how much money customers spend (monetary). In this study, RFM analysis has been used for product segmentation is to be arrayed in terms of recent sales (R), frequent sales (F), and the total money spent (M) using the data mining method. This study has proposed a new procedure for RFM analysis (in product segmentation) using the k-Means method and eight indexes of validity to determine the optimal number of clusters namely Elbow Method, Silhouette Index, Calinski-Harabasz Index, Davies-Bouldin Index, Ratkowski Index, Hubert Index, Ball-Hall Index, and Krzanowski-Lai Index, which can improve the objectivity and similarity of data in product segmentation so that it can improve the accuracy of the stock management process. The evaluation results showed that the optimal number of clusters for the k-Means method applied in the RFM analysis consists of three clusters (segmentation) with a variance value of 0.19113.
Implementation of digital and analog modulation systems using FPGA
Authors: Mohammed Raya Kahtan , Abdullah Hamsa Abdulkareem
Published: February 2020

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based implementations of digital and analog modulation techniques play a vital rule in the design of signal processing system. The performance and flexibility provided by reconfigurable computing speeds up the development process in signal processing implementations using FPGA. Different methods for digital and analog modulation are designed in this paper by usinSg System Generator tools & Vivado. Then all designed systems are implemented successfully in an FPGA hardware via the NEXYS 4 DDR with ARTIX 7 XC7A100T. A comparison between five types of digital modulation techniques is discussed in terms of resources utilization in FPGA hardware. And also, the implementation of analog modulations in FPGA is contributed in this work. The hardware implementation shows that the number of slice LUTs in ASK modulation is 0.07% while in FSK modulation is 0.13% of the total number of slice LUTs. And also, the number of bounded IO that used for PSK modulation is 4.8% while in PM modulation is 61.4% of the total number bounded IO.
Internet of things-based (IoT) inventory monitoring refrigerator using arduino sensor network
Authors: Velasco Jessica , Alberto Leandro , Ambatali Henrick Dave , Canilang Marlon , Daria Vincent , Liwanag Jerome Bryan , Madrigal Gilfred Allen
Published: February 2020

This study presents a system that combines a conventional refrigerator, microcontrollers and a smart phone to create an inventory monitoring that can monitor the stocks inside the refrigerator wirelessly by accessing an Android application. The developed refrigerator uses a sensor network system that is installed in a respective compartment inside the refrigerator. Each sensor will transmit data to the microcontrollers, such as Arduino Yun and Arduino Uno, which are interconnected by the I2C communications. All data and images will be processed to provide the user an Internet of Things application through the cloud-based website Temboo. Temboo will have access to send data to the Dropbox. A smartphone is connected to the Dropbox where all the data and images are stored. The user can monitor the stocks or contents of the refrigerator wirelessly using an Android Application.
A study of packet scheduling algorithms in long term evolution-advanced
Authors: Mattoo Mohd Mueen Ul Islam , Mohd Ramli Huda Adibah
Published: February 2020

The allocation of radio resources is one of the most critical functions performed by the Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanisms in the downlink Long Term Evolution – Advanced (LTE-Advanced). Packet scheduling concerns itself with allocation of these radio resources in an intelligent manner such that system throughput/capacity can be maximized whilst the required multimedia Quality of Service (QoS) is met. Majority of the previous studies of packet scheduling algorithms for LTE-Advanced did not take the effect of channel impairments into account. However, in real world the channel impairments cannot be obliterated completely and have a direct impact on the packet scheduling performance. As such, this work studies the impact of channel impairments on packet scheduling performance in a practical downlink LTE-Advanced. The simulation results obtained demonstrate the efficacy of RM2 scheduling algorithm over other scheduling algorithms in maximizing the system capacity and is more robust on the effect of the cellular channel impairments.  
Robust control of a UPFC system with H~ control technique
Authors: Benyamina Maamar , Bouhamida Mohamed , Allaoui Tayeb , Taleb Rachid , Denai Mouloud
Published: February 2020

FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) technology has now been accepted as a potential solution to the stability problem and load flow. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is considered to be the most powerful and versatile among all FACTS devices.  This paper presents the control of a UPFC system using Hinf robust control technique. A simulation study using Matlab/Simulink is presented to the performance of this control strategy and the robustness with respect to variations of the system parameters such as the inductance of the transmission line.
The effect of environmental changes on the efficiency of the PV system
Authors: Saleem Adeel , Iqbal Atif , Mehmood Kashif , Panjwani Manoj Kumar , Mangi Fareed Hussain , Larik Raja Masood
Published: February 2020

Advancements in the field of energy are among priorities of modern-day research. Most of the modern studies concern particularly on renewable energy resources especially that of Solar Energy to meet the energy demand of the future energy markets. Solar energy is one of the richest sources of nature, but involvement of environmental effects readily affects the overall performance of the Photovoltaic Panel. This paper highlights the importance of the solar energy, techniques and comparison of mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline and their particular energy profile. A Matlab/Simulink model is constructed to analyze the behavior of solar cell on effect of irradiance and temperature. Experimental results show the adverse effect of humidity, shading, direction and climate changes on the performance of the solar cell.
Detection and recognition of brain tumor based on DWT, PCA and ANN
Authors: El abbadi Nidhal Khdhair , Shoman Zahraa Faisal
Published: February 2020

Brain tumor is one of more dangerous diesis that affected more than 100 persons every day. The challenge is how to detect and recognise benign and malignant tumor without surgery. In this paper, initially, brain images are filtered to remove unwanted particles, then a new method for automatic segmentation of lesion area is carried out based on mean and standard deviation. Combining both solidity property and morphological operation used to detect only the tumor from segmented image. Mathematical morphology such as close used to join narrow breaks regions in an object, fill the small holes and remove small objects. Features extracted from image by using wavelet transform, followed by applying principle component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of features. Classification of tumor based on neural network, where the inputs to the network are thirteen statistical features and textural features. The algorithm is trained with 20 of brain MRI images and tested with 45 brain MRI images. Accuracy for this method was encourage and reach near 100% in identifying normal and abnormal tissues from MRI images.
Enhance manet usability for encrypted data retrieval from cloud computing
Authors: Sher Ali Fairouz , Saad Hadeel Noori , Sarhan Falah Hassan , Naaeem Bushra
Published: February 2020

Cloud computing has become a revolutionary computing model which provides an economical and flexible strategy for resource sharing and data management. Due to privacy concerns, sensitive data has to be encrypted before being uploaded to the cloud servers. Over the last few years, several keyword searchable encryption works have been described in the literature. However, existing works mostly focus on secure searching using keyword and only retrieve Boolean results that are not yet adequate. On the other hand, poor-resources of mobile networks play an important role on all applications area nowadays. Mobile nodes mostly act as information retrieval end which make it important to address this problem. In this paper, we present a secure keyword search scheme based on the Bloom filter(SKS-BF), which enhances the system’s usability by allowing ranking based on the relevance score of the search results and retrieves the top most relevant files instead of retrieving all the files. Further, the Bloom filter (BFs) can accelerate a search process involving a large number of keywords. Extensive experiments and network simulation confirm the efficiency of our proposed schemes.
Providing enhanced security in IoT based smart weather system
Authors: Rao Y Narasimha , Chandra P. Surya , Revathi V. , Kumar N. Suresh
Published: February 2020

Weather reporting system consist multiple devices which are playing dynamic role in producing dynamic environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pollution. It was a tedious task to bring all the devices together and make them interleaving to produce relevant measurement. Recent trends have proven that the IoT has brought all the devices and peripherals in one place to make more flexible and smart measurement. In the traditional weather monitoring system measurement method is not real time, not continuous and also tedious job to take continuous measurement. But, the IoT has completely changed the measurement scenario and improved the consistency of the measurement. In the present work the environmental parameters such rainfall, temperature, humidity, and density of carbon dioxide in the air are measured with sensors. The Arduino Uno card gathers all information from the devices which are associated with its port pins. The information is sent to cloud server for record and future retrieving. At the same time the data security in cloud been assured with encryption and decryption data while retrieving the information from cloud. This enhances the security, ease of accessing the cloud data from mobile applications, provides wise predictions and minimizes the communication overhead.
Weighted inverse document frequency and vector space model for hadith search engine
Authors: Pratama Septya Egho , Darmalaksana Wahyudin , Maylawati Dian Sa'adillah , Sugilar Hamdan , Mantoro Teddy , Ali Ramdhani Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Hadith is the second source of Islamic law after Qur’an which make many types and references of hadith need to be studied. However, there are not many Muslims know about it and many even have difficulties in studying hadiths. This study aims to build a hadith search engine from reliable source by utilizing Information Retrieval techniques. The structured representation of the text that used is Bag of Word (1-term) with the Weighted Inverse Document Frequency (WIDF) method to calculate the frequency of occurrence of each term before being converted in vector form with the Vector Space Model (VSM). Based on the experiment results using 380 texts of hadith, the recall value of WIDF and VSM is 96%, while precision value is just around 35.46%. This is because the structured representation for text that used is bag of words (1-gram) that can not maintain the meaning of text well).
Dynamic keys generation for internet of things
Authors: Guma'a Omar Sapti , Hussein Qasim Mohammed , Mustafa Al-Ta'i Ziyad Tariq
Published: February 2020

In several aspects, interest in IoT has become considerable by researchers and academics in recent years. Data security becomes one of the important challenges facing development of IoT environment. Many algorithms were proposed to secure the IoT applications. The traditional public key cryptographic are inappropriate because it requires high computational. Therefore, lattice-based public-key cryptosystem (LB-PKC) is a favorable technique for IoT security. NTRU is one of a LB-PKC that based on truncated polynomial ring, it has good features, which make it to be an effective alternative to the RSA and ECC algorithms. But, there is LLL algorithm can success to attack it under certain conditions. This paper proposes modifications to NTRU public key cryptosystem to be secure against the lattice-based attack by using LLL algorithm, as well as a method for generating a new keys sequence dynamically. The results from simulations show that the performance of these modifications gives more secure from NTRU. 
Securing speech signals by watermarking binary images in the wavelet domain
Authors: Rashid Rakan Saadallah , Mohammed Jafar Ramadhan
Published: February 2020

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding particular information into other signal data in such a way that the quality of the original data is maintained and secured. Watermarking can be performed on images, videos, texts, or audio to protect them from copyright violation. Among all of these types of watermarking, audio watermarking techniques are gaining more interest and becoming more challenging because the quality of such signals is highly affected by the watermarked code. This paper introduces some efficient approaches that have capability to maintain the signals’ quality and preserves the important features of the audio signals. Moreover, the proposed digital audio watermarking approaches are performed in the transform domain. These approaches are gaining more attention due to their robustness or resistance to the attackers. These transform domains include discrete cosine transform (DCT), short-term Fourier transform (STFT), and digital wavelet transform (DWT). Furthermore, the most digital wavelet transforms were found to be applicable for speech watermarking are the Haar and the Daubechies-4. 
Mathematical study of the mean communication distances at lognormal shadow fading and Nakagami fading
Authors: Jadhav Souparnika Subhash , K. N Nagesh , Chaurasia Ravi
Published: February 2020

Over some few decades, the communication distance and connectivity at wireless sensor network (WSN) has got noticeable attention from the researchers. In general, the communication process in WSN ad-hoc occurs without some wired infrastructure and, the communication process done through a ‘single-hop’ transmission, where the intermediate nodes called as relay nodes are used in long distance communication and the nodes are capable to transmit and receive the data packets. In this paper, we presented a computational analysis of communication distance in WSN in the presence of fading effects such as nakagami-m fading and lognormal fading. An extensive investigation at both nakagami-m fading and lognormal fading is carried out to provide optimize communication in ad-hoc WSN. In addition, individual wireless nodes have the similar range of communication, is assumed to get the precise communication distance and coverage area in a WSN, where it is required to get mean communication distance. In result analysis section, several validation parameters such as transmitted power, attenuation constant and different number of fading factor is considered to provide proper analytical view. 
Intelligent power monitoring and control with wireless sensor network techniques
Authors: Nayyef Iman Mohammed , Ali Hussien Anas
Published: February 2020

Undoubtedly, there is a necessity for establishing a more intelligent power system in the existing energy system, which is increased according to the development of wireless system network (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT). This study presents intelligent power monitoring and control with wireless sensor network techniques, based on WSNs and IoT technologies is designed to manage real-time power at buildings. This system includes a complete network of wireless sensing node, base station and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized as wireless sensors to measure voltage and current and to calculate power consumption of connected appliances that are transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements. All of these readings are stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway is used to connect the system with internet, allowing consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system is that the mechanism of appliances control can be done in different ways (manually, automatically and remotely). To ensure better accuracy of the equipment many appliances are tested and compared with practical measurement. Best results are obtained for the error, voltage, current and the power. 
Economic profit estimation of tranmission system using novel contingency ranking with markov modelling
Authors: Sreeshobha E. , Prasad P.V.N.
Published: February 2020

Technique to evaluate probability of occurrence of selected contingencies of 6 Bus Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and IEEE 9 Bus system by Markov modelling is presented in this paper. Obtained probabilities for selected contingencies are validated by comparing with binomial distribution based probabilities. Load flow analysis and performance index based contingency ranking of total elements of 6 bus RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems is simulated by Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSSE) software. Novel reliability evaluation technique which unify contingency ranking with Markov modeling is proposed for RBTS and extended to IEEE 9 Bus system. Accuracy, completeness and simple to implement are salient features of proposed novel reliability evaluation method. Reliability of RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems can be improved by incorporating Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) device. Improvement in the reliability and economic revenue of RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems due to Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) incorporation is evaluated.
Electrical production cost of young coconut waste pellet by using mini pellet mill-a feasibility study
Authors: Idris Norain , Mastura Saadon Intan , Mohd Azize Aziean , Zulfattah bin Zakaria Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Biomass from plants, which have lignocellulosic structure have low bulk density of 30 kg/m3, is suitable to be pelletized to increase its specific density (gravity) for easy and inexpensive handling and storage. A new biomass waste material has evolved in interest due to abundant young coconut waste produced from famous young coconut drink and shake business in Melaka, Malaysia. The young coconut pelletization feasibility needs to be verified by firstly assessing its electrical production cost. Therefore, this paper aims to measure the electrical production cost for process involved in young coconut pelletization and analyze its competitiveness against other biomass material from other countries. This is executed by assessing the electrical production cost of three main process in pelletization; crushing, drying and pelleting. The equipments used are coconut crusher, lab-scaled industrial oven and mini pellet mill. The result demonstrates a significantly high electrical production cost, which is MYR141,430/tonne, while other material’s production cost only amounts to couple of Malaysian hundreds. Processes’ efficiency need to be massively improved by using drum drying method and by adding blender after crusher to increase the desired grain size to avoid raw material wastage. Electrical tariff must also be switched from commercial to industrial tariff. 
Development of energy harvesting from burning process for community need via IoT based system
Authors: Mohd Said Rahaini , Krishnan Nagen , Singh Dhillon Amardeep , Hafizah Hussin Nor , Abd Gani Shamsul Fakhar
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a proposal was made to recreate an energy harvesting technique using biomass energy such as twigs, leaves, wood, paper, and charcoal emitted by burning the said materials and harvest the energy from the released heat. The harvested energy is then converted into a voltage that can be used to charge devices such as mobile phones or even turn on emergency lights. In terms of its application, the system can be used to provide backup power during disaster especially during a flood or other causes of power outages. The system can also be used to charge electronic devices during outdoor activities in remote areas where electricity is inaccessible such as camping or other outdoor activities. This system can produce free electric power that can also be extremely beneficial in third world countries. The cost of the module used is also much cheaper than other existing harvesting methods such as solar panels or water turbines. Based on test data collected using IoT platform, charcoal was determined as the best material in terms of output power generated.
Modeling and simulation of solar PV module for comparison of two MPPT algorithms (P&O & INC) in MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Abd Alhussain Hayder Moayad , Yasin Naseer
Published: February 2020

This paper introduces a procedure for the modelling of a PhotoــVoltaic (PV) cell and the application of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in step-by-step with MATLAB/Simulink. The model of one diode is used to explore the characteristics of IــV and PــV curves of 60W PV module. Due to the non-linear and time varying of PV characteristics, the generated power of the PV is continually varying with atmospheric conditions like temperature and irradiation, the MPPT technology is very important to chase maximum power point (MPP) on the PــV curve to obtain maximum output power from PV array. This study focuses on two common types algorithms of MPPT, namely perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC). A DC--DC boost converter is implemented to regulate the voltage output from the PV array's and for the application of MPPT algorithm.
Study of PLTMH development planning in sasnek village sawiat district, South Sorong Regency West Papua Province
Authors: Tobi Markus Dwiyanto , Van Harling Vina N
Published: February 2020

Electricity is needed by the whole society. Sasnek village is one of the villages located in Sawiat District, South Sorong Regency, West Papua Province. Sasnek village is very clear and inhabited around 100KK. This village has not been served by electricity until now.  Micro-hydro power plants are small-scale power plants whose capacity presents between 100 W to 100 kW. This study will be used for loading stages with a 12 Volt DC power capacity, because it is one of the most efficient, young and safe ways. Measurement of air discharge, discharged by 2 liters / second from a measurement area of 5 m2 and an average air speed of 00.65 m / d.  However, due to the condition of the river water flowing throughout the year in the sense of never dried, then used a correction factor of 0.75. Thus the flow that can be used is equal to 0.65 m3 / d. Based on the analysis of the potential contained in Sasnek PLTMH, it can be calculated Distribution Grid sourced from Sasnek PLTMH is 10 KW.With the careful planning so that the results of its implementation will give a positive impact to be meeting the needs of electricity in the village and surrounding villages sasnek.
Power quality of dual two-level inverter fed open end winding induction motor
Authors: Mohamed Hayder Ali , D. Habbi Hanan Mikhael
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current signal for open-end winding induction motor by using dual two-level inverter. In order to obtain a good value of THD, the space vector PWM has been used for switching the dual two-level inverter to improve the output voltage quality, gets a low common mode voltage, reduce the execution time, and to save the memory capacity. The proposed scheme uses two different DC voltage source with two two level inverter in order of minimizing the number of components. As well as it is an important to utilize the energy which increases the application of dual inverter in microgrids. All simulation results are obtained using Matlab/Simulink. 
Non-isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter with balanced rectifying current and stress
Authors: Mohammed Dobi Abdulhakeem , Sahid Mohd Rodhi
Published: February 2020

In isolated type LLC resonant converters, transformer leakage inductances can be merged with the resonant inductor to extend the ZVS capability of the switches apart from isolation and voltage scaling. However, the transformer presents a resonant imbalance in the secondary side leading to secondary current unbalance, an increase in RMS value of the secondary current and increase thermal stress. This paper proposed a half-bridge non-isolated LLC resonant converter with a balanced rectifying current and stress in the rectifier diodes. The proposed converter can achieve the most advantages of isolated LLC converters, such as ZVS and low MOSFET turn-off loss. By the non-isolation method, secondary current and, transformer loss is significantly reduced. In addition, rectifier diodes operate with zero current switching and balanced rectifying current and stress over the entire operating range. The proposed non-isolated structure is verified by the experimental result with a 60W LLC resonant converter. 
Microcontroller based in vitro hematocrit measurement system
Authors: Mohammed Sheet Sinan Salim , Jarjees Mohammed Sabah
Published: February 2020

The hematocrit (HCT) is the most important measurement in the blood profile. It has been used for early diagnose of the specific blood diseases such as anaemia, leukaemia and malaria. The microhematocrit is the conventional method of measurement of HCT manually which is time-consuming and uncertain due to human error. An automated system for measuring hematocrit will minimize the human-error and the time which will give the ability for medical staff to serve more patients. This paper aims to demonstrate an automated system for measuring the HCT based on microcontroller. The designed system based on Arduino Atmega 2560 microcontroller and combination array of lighting emitting diode and photodetectors. The transmission and the absorption characteristics of the red light (660nm) through the centrifuged blood sample in a capillary tube are calculated and used to determine the HCT. The outputs are analyzed to determine the haemoglobin (HB) and packed cell volume (PCV). The significant correlation (r=0.9856, p=3.106*10-4) between the PCV readings of the proposed system and the conventional method has been observed. The most important finding is the precise of PCV and HB readings for the proposed system compared with previous automated methods as well as the conventional method have been obtained.
Enhanced performance of 19 single gate MOSFET with high permittivity dielectric material
Authors: F. Roslan Ameer , Salehuddin F. , M. Zain A. S. , E. Kaharudin K. , Ahmad I.
Published: February 2020

In this research, the performance of the 19 nm single gate MOSFET is enhanced through the implementation of the high permittivity dielectric material. The MOSFET scaling trends necessities in device dimensions can be satisfied through the implementation of the high-K dielectric materials in place of the SiO2. Therefore, the 19 nm n-channel MOSFET device with different High-K dielectric materials are implemented and its performance improvement has also been analysed. Virtual fabrication is exercised through ATHENA module from Silvaco TCAD tool. Meanwhile, the device characteristic was utilized by using an ATLAS module. The aforementioned materials have also been simulated and compared with the conventional gate oxide SiO2 for the same structure. At the end, the results have proved that Titanium oxide (TiO2) device is the best dielectric material with a combination of metal gate Tungsten Silicides (WSix). The drive current (ION) of this device (WSix/TiO2) is 587.6 µA/um at 0.534 V of threshold voltage (VTH) as opposed to the targeted 0.530 V predicted, as well as a relatively low IOFF that is obtained at 1.92 pA/µm. This ION value meets the minimum requirement predicted by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013 prediction for low performance
 (LP) technology. 
Liquid slosh control by implementing model-free PID controller with derivative filter based on PSO
Authors: Mohd Tumari Mohd Zaidi , Zainal Abidin Amar Faiz , Rahimi A Subki A Shamsul , Ab Aziz Ab Wafi , Salihin Saealal Muhammad , Ashraf Ahmad Mohd
Published: February 2020

Conventionally, the control of liquid slosh system is done based on model-based techniques that challenging to implement practically because of the chaotic motion of fluid in the container. The aim of this article is to develop the tuning technique for model-free PID with derivative filter (PIDF) parameters for liquid slosh suppression system based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO algorithm is responsible to find the optimal values for PIDF parameters based on fitness functions which are Sum Squared Error (SSE) and Sum Absolute Error (SAE) of the cart position and liquid slosh angle response. The modelling of liquid slosh in lateral movement is considered to justify the design of control scheme. The PSO tuning method is compared by heuristic tuning method in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed tuning approach. The performance evaluations of the proposed tuning method are based on the ability of the tank to follow the input in horizontal motion and liquid slosh level reduction in time domain. Based on the simulation results, the suggested tuning method is capable to reduce the liquid slosh level in the same time produces fast input tracking of the tank without precisely model the chaotic motion of the fluid.
Development of wireless vertical bar spinner combat robot
Authors: Syafiq Sadun Amirul , Jalani Jamaludin , Ahmad Suziana , Saryati Sadun Amiera , Mashori Sumaiya
Published: February 2020

Recently, combat robot competition has become one of the most famous engineering competitions among schools and universities. The robots are usually built with a destructive weapon, which can immobilize or disable opponent’s robot and win the match. Despite the variety of robot design and concept, the trend has shown that most of the local contestant tend to design a horizontal axis weapon type. In this project, a wireless vertical axis bar spinner combat robot is designed and developed for the 3rd Malaysia Combat Robot Competition which was held at National Science Centre (PSN) in 2017. The robot is controlled using radio control (RC) and powered by a highly discharge 22.2V Lithium Polymer (LiPo) chemical battery. Furthermore, related analysis has been conducted to meet the design and performance requirement of the competition. With the DC brush motor and thick metal bar rotating in vertical axis, the robot has proven to produce high power, torque and speed during the competition.
Development of robotic rover with controller & vision system
Authors: M Ramli Roshahliza , Aqilah Herman Nurul , Ridzuan Mazlan Muhammad , Suraya Nazaruddin Azlin , Arshad Tuah Muhammad , Eizzaz Abd Samad Abdul Naqib , Othman Kamal , Marliana Esmail Yanti
Published: February 2020

Rover is a robotic system that integrates a simple system implementing electrical and mechanical components together. In this study, we propose a rover using mechanical components which consist of a robotic arm, joint and mechanical gripper, backbone chassis and continues track, while the electrical components include servo motor, servo controller, transmitter and receiver for vision system and wireless controller via USB host as its control system. The purpose of this project is for monitoring and safety purposes. In addition, the main goal of this project is to develop a simple robotic rover that is easy to build and manufacture as well as cost-effective. To add more functionality on this rover, it is equipped with a robotic arm and real-time view camera integration. This rover is equipped with a first-person view (FPV) camera, an integrated camera on the rover that can give clear visibility and direction to the rover pilot. The live feed can be viewed on the monitor inside the command station box. It can be used to assist safety authorities to collect information & insights, work lift to collect and remove the load and to conduct search and rescue operation. As for the result, the mobility system of the robotic rover at terrain surfaces and analyses the capabilities of the chassis during lifting load had been tested.
DES encryption and decryption algorithm implementation based on FPGA
Authors: Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: February 2020

Nowadays there is a lot of importance given to data security on the internet. The DES is one of the most preferred block cipher encryption/decryption procedures used at present. This paper presents a high throughput reconfigurable hardware implementation of DES Encryption algorithm. This achieved by using a new proposed implementation of the DES algorithm using pipelined concept.  The implementation of the proposed design is presented by using Spartan-3E (XC3S500E) family FPGAs and is one of the fastest hardware implementations with much greater security. At a clock frequency of 167.448MHz for encryption and 167.870MHz for decryption, it can encrypt or decrypt data blocks at a rate of 10688Mbps.
Comparison of feature extraction and normalization methods for speaker recognition using grid-audiovisual database
Authors: Al-Kaltakchi Musab T. S. , Al-Raheem Taha Haithem Abd , Abd Shehab Mohanad , Abdullah Mohamed A.M.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, different feature extraction and feature normalization methods are investigated for speaker recognition. With a view to give a good representation of acoustic speech signals, Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCCs) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) are employed for feature extraction. Then, to mitigate the effect of linear channel, Cepstral Mean-Variance Normalization (CMVN) and feature warping are utilized. The current paper investigates Text-independent speaker identification system by using 16 coefficients from both the MFCCs and PNCCs features. Eight different speakers are selected from the GRID-Audiovisual database with two females and six males. The speakers are modeled using the coupling between the Universal Background Model and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM-UBM) in order to get a fast scoring technique and better performance. The system shows 100% in terms of speaker identification accuracy. The results illustrated that PNCCs features have better performance compared to the MFCCs features to identify females compared to male speakers. Furthermore, feature wrapping reported better performance compared to the CMVN method. 
Partial pose estimation of 3D rigid object system using outer box method
Authors: Zulkoffli Z. , Abu Bakar Elmi
Published: February 2020

This article introduces a novel approach for identify partial pose estimation using template matching method. The algorithms performs 2D correlation matching on tested image to CAD database by using regional shape representation in order to get the similar object pose in CAD database. The descriptor named outer box method, it is useful for rescale or aligning object size in both different images of tested image and CAD database image and also provide interest point for segmentation in image registration stage. The proposed algorithm were experimentally shown to be robust to apply on scale changes, various complex shape, unstructured CAD database and mixed CAD model database. Last part, the identified pose and its retrieved pose angle was calculated and achieved high accuracyin range ±0.388˚ to ±1.471˚.
3D Medical image compression using the quincunx wavelet coupled with SPIHT
Authors: Haouari Benlabbes
Published: February 2020

Medical imaging is a growing field due to the development of digital technologies that produce 3D and even 4D data. The counterpart to the resolution offered by these voluminal images resides in the amount of gigantic data, hence the need for compression. This article presents a new coding scheme dedicated to 3D medical images. The originality of our approach lies in the application of the Quinqunx wavelet transform coupled with the SPIHT encoder on a database of medical images. This approach achieves much higher compression rates, while maintaining a very acceptable visual quality.
Eliminating unwanted signals in sound by using digital signal processing system
Authors: Saeed Amer T , Saber Zaid Raad , Sana Ahmed M. , Hameed Musa A.
Published: February 2020

Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal. Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal.
An analysis of ADPLL applications in various fields
Authors: Dinesh R. , Marimuthu Ramalatha
Published: February 2020

ADPLL is now an essential component in applications like wireless sensor networks, Internet of things, health care applications, agricultural applications, etc, and also due the requirement of digital implementation by the industries. ADPLL consists of a phase detector, loop filter and digital controlled oscillator. The conventional PLL and digital PLL used for frequency synthesis, clock recovery circuit and synchronization give imprecise performance with respect to reliability, speed, power consumption, noise, locking speed, cost, etc. ADPLL overcomes the drawbacks of conventional PLL and digital PLL. In this paper, different approaches followed in All Digital Phase Locked Loop (ADPLL) for various applications are reviewed and their performance is compared based on components, modulation functions, frequency range, power utilization etc. In addition, an ADPLL with wide tuning range and frequency resolution is designed and implemented using automatic placement and routing, time to digital converter, digital loop filter and ring based oscillator. The ADPLL outputs and the results are analyzed with micro wind tool. The design gives a frequency range from 1.0-5.5GHz with low power consumption and it can also be used for Clock generation applications. 
Analysis of rain fade slope for terrestrial links
Authors: Chebil Jalel , Zyoud Al-Hareth , Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Rafiqul Islam Md. , Dao Hassan
Published: February 2020

Rainfall can cause severe degradation to the operation of microwave links working with frequencies above 10 GHz. Many studies have investigated this problem, and one of the factors that attract the attention of researcher is rain fade slope which is the rate of change of rain attenuation. The focus of this study is on rain fade slope for terrestrial links and it is based on measurement conducted in Malaysia. This paper investigates the characteristics of the measured rain fade slope distribution for various attenuation levels. Then, the ITU-R model for rain fade slope is compared with the corresponding statistics obtained from the measured data. Significant discrepancies have been observed since the ITU-R prediction model does not fit the measured fade slope distribution for many attenuation levels. It is recommended to modify the expression of the standard deviation in the ITU-R model when implemented in tropical regions.
Improvement for performance radio frequency in wireless communication based on impulse signal
Authors: A. Rida Jafaar Fahad
Published: February 2020

This research presents the improved performance of mobile wireless communication channel is based on non-line of sight because the mobile propagation channel is very hard to work with direct path between the transmitter and mobile receiver because of city-based area has objects such as rise building, trees, surround structures, and other objects. The mobile wireless spread radio channels have radio propagation mechanisms as a reflection, diffraction, and scattering effect on radio signal as lessening, and distortion or spread time. The most important thing to make real is that the wireless channel is a multipath radio channel. Multipath copies of the same signal with distinct amplitudes, stages and delay times for all multipaths between the transmitter and the receiver. The multipath fading is defined by its impulse response, which includes the facts about the relative time of the recipient's arrival of various indices of multipath additives. The impulse response expresses great characteristics in the time domain such the large bandwidth frequencies and the amplitude output only the value impulse response δ(t) equal to one when the value of time t=0, otherwise,  the value impulse response δ(t) equal to zero in all values of the time. Over a time period reaction, the cellular radio channel could be designed as a linear filter with various impulses.
An optimal and secure watermarking system using SWT-SVD and PSO
Authors: B Madhu , Holi Ganga
Published: February 2020

Digital Watermarking is the efficient way introduced to authenticate ownership of digital information. In a watermarking system, a logo is inserted to identify the ownership to digital information. The proposed system uses the SWT with SVD to embed the watermark image. To enhance robustness of the proposed system PSO is adapted for the selection of optimal coefficients. PSNR and CC are the two performance parameters considered to evaluate the system.