bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prise en compte de la famille dans l’imposition des revenus en France
Authors: Carbonnier Clément
Published: August 2016

En France, l’impôt sur le revenu est historiquement familialisé puisqu’il était initialement demandé au chef de famille, responsable devant le fisc pour son épouse et ses enfants. Depuis 1945, cette familialisation prend la forme, originale d’un point de vue international, du quotient familial. Le but du présent article est d’évaluer ce dispositif fiscal pour l’ensemble de ses conséquences potentielles. L’histoire de l’imposition du revenu en France est d’abord présentée pour comprendre le cheminement historique vers ce type d’imposition, et ses effets. Ensuite, pour ce qui concerne l’équité, nous discutons les propriétés de cette forme d’imposition au regard des différentes manières de comprendre les fonctions de l’Etat ainsi que les contraintes et objectifs de son financement. Enfin, du point de vue de l’efficacité, nous analysons les impacts incitatifs que peut avoir ce dispositif, tant sur la politique nataliste que sur la participation des femmes mariées ou pacsées au marché du travail.
Evaluer l’effet local d’une innovation : une application au marché du poisson français
Authors: Gobillon Laurent , Wolff François-Charles
Published: August 2016

Cet article propose une évaluation de l’effet de l’introduction d’une nouvelle technique de pêche aux Sables d’Olonne sur la qualité des poissons pêchés à partir de la méthode des contrôles synthétiques et de l’estimation de modèles à facteurs. Les estimations sont menées sur des données agrégées des criées françaises sur la période 2009-2012. Notre estimateur préféré de l’effet de l’innovation à composition constante des espèces pêchées est obtenu avec le modèle à facteurs et correspond à un accroissement de 16,9 % de la proportion de poissons présentant la meilleure qualité. La méthode des contrôles synthétiques conduit à un effet moindre de l’innovation (8,3 %), mais elle repose sur une interpolation de la criée des Sables d’Olonne à partir des criées de contrôle qui est assez approximative.
Magnetic Abrasive Deburring Technology for Blanks
Authors: Baron Yuri M.
Published: August 2016

Blanks made from sheet steel or other materials have burrs on their edges. The burrs are formed on the blanks at cutting down or processing of them by cutting tools. Removing of the burrs requires a lot of manual work. Frequently the blanks have small rigidity, and it especially complicates removal of the burrs. This article describes intensification of the magnetic abrasive finishing method (MAF) with a goal to eliminate the manual deburring and to raise productivity of deburring on the flexible blanks. The study goal was achieved by optimization of MAF conditions and a of the work area geometrical form.
Enhancement of Productivity and Efficiency of CNC Machines in a Small Scale Industry Using Total Productive Maintenance
Authors: Nallusamy S.
Published: August 2016

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of a machine plays a significant role in the present scenario, where right quality and right delivery at the right time are the major factors influencing a customer. The aim of this article is to study the effectiveness and implementing of an independent maintenance system in a machine shop for enhancing OEE with the help of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and 5S techniques using a systematic approach. This has been focused to minimize the breakdowns, increase the performance and quality rate of machines so as to improve the effectiveness. During this research discussion, reviewing of documentation and sequential records and direct observations were used as data collection methods. In this case study, increase in efficiency and productivity of machines in terms of OEE by implementing TPM in a machine shop are discussed. This research work deals with the aspects of availability, performance and quality which are used to calculate the OEE of a machine. The TPM techniques such as 5S, preventive maintenance and cleaning were effectively applied on the machine. The final result showed that the OEE improved by 5% in horizontal machining center and by 7% in vertical machining center.
A Review of Research Processes in the Vortex Pump
Authors: Gu Yun Qing , Wang Qiang , Liu Qiang , Sun Yao Lin , Fan Tian Xing , Wu Deng Hao
Published: August 2016

Vortex pump is a kind of non-clogging pump, which will cause a large amount of vortex during transportation. Four kinds of mathematical model of vortex pump are introduced with continuous improvement. Moreover, the internal flow state, calculation and design method are also presented. In addition, the influent of slurry and structure parameters is introduced. After analyzed above, the design method of vortex pump can be further investigated specific to different concentration, viscosity and particle sizes under different specific speed. The focus of future research is testing internal flow by the advanced technology, building up a new flow model and proposing complete and practical calculation method.
Experimental Analysis of Telescopic Catalytic Converter in a Petrol Engine to Reduce Cold Start Emission
Authors: Ganesan M. , Sendilvelan S.
Published: August 2016

Control of harmful emissions during cold start of the engine has become a challenging task over the years due to the ever increasing stringent emission norms. Positioning of the catalytic converter closer to the exhaust manifold is an efficient way of achieving rapid light-off temperature. On the other hand, the resulting higher thermal loading under high-load engine operation may substantially cause thermal degradation and accelerate catalyst ageing. The objective of the present work is to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst and at the same time to reduce the thermal degradation and ageing of the catalyst to the minimum possible extent. In the present work two innovative approaches namely Parallel Catalytic Converter System (PCCS) and Telescopic Catalytic Converter System (TCCS) have been adopted to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst. The tests were conducted on a 4 cylinder Spark Ignition Engine under cold start condition. It was established that considerable reduction in the light-off time was achieved by using TCCS. Further reduction in the light-off time was achieved by using pre catalysts (40%vol. & 20%vol.) and hot air injection. It has been found that 13% reduction in CO light-off time was achieved with pre-catalyst (40%vol.), 50% reduction with pre-catalyst (20%vol.) and 66% reduction with hot air injector system, when compared to TCCS. Also 14% reduction in HC light-off time was achieved with pre-catalyst (40%vol.), 43% reduction with pre-catalyst (20%vol.) and 63% reduction with hot air injection system, when compared to TCCS. It was also established that light-off time of TCCS can be brought down to 10 seconds using hot air injection.
Investigation into Electrical Conductivity of the Multicomponent System of Trackbed
Authors: Trykoz L.V. , Bagiyanc I.V. , Savchuk V.Yu. , Pustovoitova O.M. , Kamchatnaya S.M. , Saiapin O.S.
Published: August 2016

The article deals with the measuring results of the specific conductance of multicomponent systems which consist of more than three materials of various characteristics. As it was shown the electrical conductivity of systems composed of soil, slag and water depends in a lesser degree on the amount of slag and in a greater degree on slag’s chemical composition. The value of specific conductance decreases when the amount of slag increases for basic slag, and increases for acid slag. For a system, which includes gravel particles coated with organic substances, the value of specific conductance correlates with the electric properties of the materials used, namely the function of chemical composition of the musticomponent system. Thus, there is a possibility to design a mathematical model for forecasting electric properties of multicomponent systems, which is based on an objective characteristic, namely, chemical structure of the materials used.
Mixed H2/H∞ Control Approach and its Application in Satellite Attitude Control System
Authors: Liu Chuang , Sun Zhao Wei , Shi Ke Ke , Wang Feng
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we address the mixed H2/H∞ control approach for linear time-invariant system based on linear matrix inequality (LMI). First, the problem to be solved is stated, and the satellite attitude dynamics is established and converted into a corresponding state space form. Then, the mixed H2/H∞ controller based on LMIs is designed in order to attain the state feedback gain matrix. To validate the efficiency and practicability of the proposed controller, simulation results based on satellite attitude system are presented, from which we can observe that under the condition of external disturbances, the system will be stable within 150s, and the maximum of control torque will be no more than 0.025Nm. Expanding the controller gain will affect the stabilizing process, but not the stabilization time, and it will increase the control input which will bring pressure to the actuator.
Development of a Comprehensive Monitoring System Based on Cloud Computing and XMPP
Authors: Wang Yun Sen
Published: August 2016

According to the actual situation of the coexistence of multi-sensor and multi-protocol in Mine Monitoring System, a comprehensive monitoring system of network based on XMPP protocol was carried out in this paper. The characteristics of the network system structure and the scheme of virtual sensor gateway were described in detail. Moreover, a session protocol based on the XMPP protocol was proposed and the definition of API was given. Functional structure and software structure of the whole system were designed based on Zend Framework. By using the virtual server cloud technology of VMware, as well as the centralized storage method of SAN, the background monitoring server group was built. After testing, the system greatly met the requirements of safety monitoring, which also possessed the advantage of easy implement, simple operation and maintenance, and great expansibility.
Preparation of Amorphous Nanosilica from Philippine Waste Rice Hull via Acid Precipitation Method
Authors: Cervera Rinlee Butch M. , Salamangkit-Mirasol Emie A.
Published: August 2016

Rice hull or rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste obtained from milling rice grains. Since RH has no commercial value and is difficult to use in agriculture, its volume is often reduced through open field burning which is an environmental hazard. In this study, amorphous nanosilica from Philippine waste RH was prepared via acid precipitation method. The synthesized samples were fully characterized for its microstructural properties. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the structure of the prepared sample is amorphous in nature while Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the different vibration bands of the synthesized sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis (PSA) confirmed the presence of agglomerated silica particles. On the other hand, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an amorphous sample with grain sizes of about 5 to 20 nanometer range and has about 95 % purity according to EDS analyses. The elemental mapping also suggests that leaching of rice hull ash effectively removed the metallic impurity such as potassium element in the material. Hence, amorphous nanosilica was successfully prepared via a low-cost acid precipitation method from Philippine waste rice hull.
Investigation of ZnO/CuO/Nanographene Platelets Composites Catalyst for the Degradation of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Shabrany Hesni , Tju Hendry , Taufik Ardiansyah , Saleh Rosari
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses the catalytic activity of ZnO/CuO/nanographene platelets composites under visible light and ultrasound irradiation separately. The ZnO/CuO/nanographene platelets composites were synthesized using a sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structural and surface area of the catalyst. The catalytic activity results showed that the presence of nanographene platelets in ZnO/CuO nanocomposites improved its efficiency in degrading methylene blue. A scavenger method was also used to understand the role of charged carriers and the active radical involved in the catalytic activity.
Natural Rubber Based Compatibilizer Prepared in Twin Screw Extruder: Optimization Percentage of Grafted Maleic Anhydride Using Experimental Design
Authors: Ujianto Onny , Marzuki  , Radini Fitri Ayu
Published: August 2016

Maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber compatibilizer was prepared in molten state using twin screw extruder. Amount of maleic anhydride and initiator, as well as screw rotation were varied according to Box-Behnken experimental design. Titration of acid group from the anhydride function and FTIR spectra analysis were carried out as quantitative and qualitative analysis of grafted MA, respectively. The results showed that the percentages of grafted MA for all samples were ranged from 1.31 to 5.36%. The optimum conditions are predicted at 14.4 phr of MA level, 0.41 phr of BPO level, and 71 rpm screw rotation giving 5.39 ± 0.16% of grafted MA. FTIR spectra showed that the MA and carbonyl functional group were found in the compatibilizer suggested the presence of grafted MA and ring opening reaction.
Desorption of Arsenic Ions from Iron Modified Montmorillonite
Authors: Agulto Ariane Michelle , De Guzman Jeanne Ranny , Cruz John Kenneth , Diaz Leslie Joy
Published: August 2016

Adsorption of metal ions proves to be an effective method in treating wastewater due to its simplicity and flexibility in terms of processing. Particularly, iron-modified montmorillonite (Fe-MMT) has been used to treat arsenic ion contamination. However, the strength of association of the metal ion with the adsorbent has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to determine the stability of the attachment of As2+ onto Fe-MMT by performing desorption experiments using HCl and EDTA as eluents.The Fe-MMT was synthesized via ion exchange while the adsorption and desorption experiments were performed using a batch set-up. Conditions for adsorption were set constant, while the eluent type and concentration (0.1 M and 0.01 M) were varied during desorption. Arsenic ion concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. SEM images and FTIR spectra of the Fe-MMT were also obtained before and after adsorption-desorption steps. Highest desorptions among the settings were observed in 0.1 M HCl and 0.01 M EDTA with 36.72% and 37.13% desorption capacities, respectively. Since the pH conditions also varied with the eluent type, desorption of As is feasible, though not highly efficient, in both acidic and basic conditions with ion exchange as the dominant mechanism. There is a preference in desorption at 0.1 M in HCl but at 0.01 M in EDTA. Furthermore, no significant change in the morphology was observed. The FTIR spectra showed that the absorbance of Fe-MMT after desorption remains in the same range as the absorbance after adsorption but had lost intensity of some of its peaks, indicating possible interactions with acid.
Ambient Air Synthesis of Hole Transport Layer Free CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Imran , Habib Amir , Hussain Zakir , Khalid Amir
Published: August 2016

Organo-metallic lead halide based solar cells have ushered in a new era of research in renewable energy technologies. Solution processing and earth abundant materials promise a reliable source for our energy needs. Challenges of controlled environment processing hinder the commercialization of this technology. We report a low cost synthesis protocol for these devices. Employing hole transport layer free architecture, we have tailored the synthesis to ambient air conditions of high humidity. Solution processed zinc oxide has been used as electron selective contact offering a stabilized efficiency of 3.03 %. This approach has the potential to lower the cost of this technology promising rapid commercialization.
Effect of Molding Parameters on the Flexural Strength of Carbon Black/Graphite/Epoxy Nanocomposites Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Suherman Hendra , Duskiardi  , Irmayani  , Sulong Abu Bakar , Sahari Jaafar
Published: August 2016

Optimization of molding parameter on the flexural strength of carbon black/graphite/epoxy (CB/G/EP) nanocomposites using Taguchi method was studied. Three molding parameters was chosen in this study which are molding temperature, molding pressure and molding time. Experimental trials were carried out based orthogonal array design using those three parameters. The results were analyses using the signal to noise (S/N) and analysis ofvariance (ANOVA). Flexural strength of the CB/G/EP nanocomposites increases from 56.23 MPa to 65.11 MPa usingoptimize parameter obtained from the analysis method. These results shown that the Taguchi method is successfully to get optimum parameters of molding parameters to produce CB/G/EP nanocomposites.
Optical Properties of Erbium Doped Tellurite Glasses
Authors: Jauhariyah Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul , Cari  , Marzuki Ahmad
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the optical properties of erbium doped tellurite glasses with the composition of 55TeO2-2Bi2O3-35ZnO-5PbO-(3-x)Na2O-xEr2O3 where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mol% . Refractive index of the glasses was measured using Brewster’s angle method and their optical absorption spectra were measured in spectral range 200 – 1100 nm recorded at room temperature. The results show that the glass refractive index increases with the increase of Er3+ ion content in the glass and the optical band gap energy decreases with the increase of erbium content in the glass.
Effect of Particle Shape on Dispersion Formation of Harmonic Microstructure of Si3N4-ZrO2
Authors: Anggraini Lydia , Natsume Yuta , Ameyama Kei
Published: August 2016

Silicon nitride with 50 mass zirconia ceramic matrix composites were processed by mechanical milling (MM) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Two different of Si3N4 particle shapes for create harmonic microstructure were investigated. The microstructure of Si3N4-ZrO2 with initial Si3N4 shape is like coin/flakes after MM for 144 ks was failed to create the harmonic microstructure after SPS. With another sphere shape of Si3N4 after MM for 144 ks, the harmonic microstructure could be formed after SPS. Thus, the initial powders shape of Si3N4 have an effect in the formation of harmonic microstructure could be fully achieved. The highest mechanical properties of Si3N4-ZrO2 are on the powders with mechanical milling time for 144 ks. The Si3N4 ceramic with homogeneous fine grains of ZrO2 dispersed on its surface was obtained, and the mechanical properties were improved. The Vickers hardness obtained on 144 ks is 1031 MPa and the bending strength is 262 MPa. The main factors explaining the improvement in the mechanical properties of Si3N4-ZrO2 are considered to be the porosity decrease caused by the particles shape and appropriate condition of powder processing i.e. MM and SPS.
Porcine-Bone Derived Hydroxyapatite Coating on Anodized Titanium Substrate
Authors: Lagrama Kimberly Rose L. , Restauro Dexter Nielsen B. , Magdaluyo Jr. Eduardo
Published: August 2016

Titanium-based alloys are among the most common materials implanted into the human body to permanently support or replace injured or disease-damaged bones due to their high flexural strength and tolerable elastic modulus. However, titanium is considered a bio-inert material and surface modification is needed to improve its bioactivity. Studies have shown that hydroxyapatite coatings are typically bioactive but have poor adhesion strength to titanium. On the other hand, TiO2 coatings strongly adhere to titanium but their bioactivity is limited. This study aims to improve the surface properties of titanium by anodic oxidation and coated with porcine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HAp). The influence of different anodization voltage on the surface morphology of the titanium substrate and the coating was investigated. The average roughness and wetting angle of the HAp/TiO2 coating increased along with the increasing applied voltage. The increase in roughness and wetting angle is attributed to the change in pore size of TiO2 layer when subjected to varying voltage. With the influence of surface roughness and morphology on the biological performance of titanium implants, the correlation of improved roughness in the coating to the bioactivity can be considered.
Waste Diatomaceous Earth as Cementitious Binder Constituent
Authors: Staněk Theodor
Published: August 2016

Paper is aimed at study of preparation possibilities of cementitious binders with waste diatomaceous earth. In the first step, the influence of ground diatomaceous earth on properties of cement mixture was studied. In the next step, diatomaceous earth was calcinated and, lastly, the influence of replacing FGD-gypsum with anhydrite II as a setting controller in the mixture containing calcined diatomaceous earth was monitored. Technological properties of the prepared mixtures were measured and compared with cement standard. For studying the influence of phase composition and microstructure of cements hardened by both untreated and calcinated diatomaceous earth, hardened cements were tested by DTA and their porosities were measured. The results show that it is possible to prepare binder containing calcinated diatomaceous earth which has slightly lower early strengths but higher long-term strengths and lower hydration heat development.
The Development of Materials Based on Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Designed for Special Applications
Authors: Dufka Ámos , Melichar Tomáš
Published: August 2016

The article is involved in the possibility to use activated fly ashes as composite material matrices intended for extreme conditions. In particular, the attention is paid to the development of high temperature resistant composite materials resistant up to high 1200°C. The effects of temperatures on developed materials are monitored not only by the tests of physical and mechanical parameters, but also using physical and chemical analyses. The attention is focussed not only to the matrix composition optimisation but also to the selection of suitable type of aggregates. This complex approach allows developing materials with maximum resistance in particular exploitation conditions.
Possibilities of Using Recycled Concrete and Silica Binders for Development of Sound Absorbing Concrete
Authors: Reif Martina , Zach Jiří
Published: August 2016

With development and reconstruction of traffic routes there has recently been an increased need for noise reduction measures, out of which the most effective one appears to be the construction of noise barriers that prevent sound propagation from its source and (in case of sound absorbing barriers) absorb sound and thus reduce the noise load near the sound source (around a traffic route). The manufacturing of noise barriers often enables the use of secondary raw materials and thus to reduce the energy and material costs of their production as well as decrease the environmental impact. An interesting option is the use of recycled concrete that is suitable for production of concrete with open structure to be used in the absorber layer of a sound barrier and can even be used in the structural layer as well. The paper describes the possibilities of using recycled concrete in the production of sound absorbing barriers with a high degree of sound absorption.
Study of Ettringite by Hydration of Yeelimite Clinker
Authors: Magrla Radek , Dvořák Karel , Gazdič Dominik , Fridrichová Marcela
Published: August 2016

This article describes the results of experimental works, dealing with long-term observing of ettringite stability (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O). Thermodynamic stability of this mineral is important in terms of potential use of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash as an additive to Portland cement. Within the experimental work it was carried out observing of the ettringite formation by hydration of yeelimitu (Ca4Al6(SO4)·O12) in laboratory conditions. For the preparation of yeelimite it was proposed a three-component raw material mixture, consisting of a high percent limestone and gypsum and corundum. This mixture was subsequently placed in platinum crucibles and burnt in superkanthal kiln at 1200 °C. Formed clinker was mixed in chosen ratio with water and it was prepared a set of testing samples. These samples were exposed in the laboratory environment for up to 180 days. The hydration of the clinker was carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) by determining the mineralogical composition.
Ice Formation as an Indicator of Frost-Resistance on the Concrete Containing Slag Cement in Conditions of Freezing and Thawing
Authors: Moskalenko Oleksandr , Runova Raisa F.
Published: August 2016

The connection with the icing on the frost resistance of concrete containing slag cement and chemical additives «MC Bauchemie» under freezing and thawing.It is shown that freeze concrete samples at (-) 10°C increase in the amount of slag from 30 to 70 wt.% Of binder in the composition leads to an increase in the index of ice formation in the concrete of 1.7 ... 1.9 times compared with the concrete obtained at a slag containing slag cement with a content of 10 wt.%. Frost resistance of concrete is reduce from F450 to F400.When freezing of concrete samples at (-) 20°C increase in the amount of slag from 30 to 50 wt. % Binder in the composition leads to an increase in the index of ice formation in the concrete of 1.7 times compared with the concrete obtained on slag cement containing slag with a content of 10 wt.%. Frost resistance of concrete is reduce from F400 to F350.The concrete on the slag containing cement with slag 70 wt. % is observed a slight decrease in ice formation. However, its value is 1.4 times higher than ice formation in concretes containing slag in an amount of 10 wt. %. Mark on frost resistance remains at F350.The smallest ice formation, regardless of the content of the slag into the slag containing cement, concrete characterized in that use complex organo-mineral supplement SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) in the amount of 5.6%. According to the degree of influence of additives used to reduce ice formation in the slag in concretes, containing cements can be ranker number: SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) > NC (5%) + SP (0.6%) > SP (0.6%).
Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Early-Age Concrete Containing Fly Ash
Authors: Jarošová Petra , Šťastník Stanislav , Vala Jiří
Published: August 2016

Fly ash, a by-product of burning pulverized coal in electrical generating stations, is used as a supplementary pozzolanic material in the production of Portland cement concrete. It improves, e.g., workability of a concrete mixture, suppresses bleeding, reduces the rate of production of hydration heat and delays finishing operations. Consequently experimental research, theoretical analysis, incorporating available microstructural data, and efficient numerical simulations are needed to understand the influence of early-age curing on later macroscopic mechanical, thermal, etc. material properties. This paper presents a proper experimental and computational approach to the evaluation of time-variable thermal characteristics of a hardening mixture, based on the weak formulation of the evolution problem and on the least squares optimization. Results of such types are necessary for reliable prediction of behaviour, performance and durability of buildings and engineering structures.
Assessment of the Aggregate in Historical Plasters
Authors: Rezek Petr , Martinec Petr
Published: August 2016

This article deals with the analysis of the aggregates of historical plasters. In the paper there is described the assessment methodology of the aggregates of historical plasters. The assessment of the aggregates is carried out with the example of a set of original and modern-day aggregates taken in the prelature and convent of the Želiv Monastery. Composition of fine aggregates of historical plasters was compared to the composition of the aggregates from resources of nearby watercourses. As well as it was assessed the geological character of nearby vicinity of the Monastery. For the analysis of character of the plaster fine aggregates it is applied the optical microscopy of the plaster thin sections, grain size analysis, mineralogical and petrographic analysis of the aggregates. The presented results document the differences in the origin of the aggregate used in plasters.
The Effect of Modifications on Humidity Parameters of Cement Mortar
Authors: Wesołowska Maria , Kaczmarek Anna
Published: August 2016

Current wall constructions utilize cement mortars, the properties of which have been modified with introducing lime or plasticizers. The complex structure of these mortars as well as their very large inner area results in large differences in capillary moisture transport. Macroscopic studies do not allow to accurately predict the mortar behaviour in contact with water. Capillary rise as well as drying and freezing of water are dependent on the size and the layout of pores. The biggest adsorption capacity is featured by micropores. Moisture transport takes place in mesoporous material, and moisture adsorption takes place on the surface of such materials. Macropores mainly act as a transport medium and carry moisture to mesoporous material and micropores. In terms of mesoporous material and macropores mercury porosimetry is more suitable. Mortar structure plays an important role in the moisture transport. Mortar additives, that have been introduced in the form of lime and plasticizers, modify the distribution and size of pores. Porosimetric study results concerning selected mortars have been presented in this article. The structure changes resulting from the introduction additives to mortars have been analyzed and the impact on humidity of such mortars has been defined.
Selected Factors Determining Appearing of Efflorescences on Facial Walls
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna , Wesołowska Maria
Published: August 2016

One of problems of facing walls is their aesthetics lowered by efflorescence. Besides workmanship, the main cause is using mortars. It is needed to say that aside from the set: wall element – mortar on most new objects during their first years of usage efflorescence appear of different intensity and chemical compound. Basing on observations of real objects it was found, that intensity of appearing efflorescence change depending on external climate. Detailed researches of influence of selected climatic factors i.e. air temperature and humidity run on field post of facing walls localized in area of University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. The study takes into consideration the following test walls where three different mortar types have been used: Portland cement-based mortar: CEM I, CEM I with plasticizer, cement-lime mortar with CL 90 hydrated lime. The examination analyses performed imply that the critical month for Bydgoszcz is April of each year, when detailed parameters of climate create positive conditions for salt crystallization. In this month efflorescence is reaches the highest level. Arising dripstone and leaks persist for summer period until October and undergo further metamorphose – transferring from efflorescence to the wall interior.
Moisture-Related Problems of Historic Concrete Structure
Authors: Pazderka Jiří , Purkrtová Magdalena , Reiterman Pavel
Published: August 2016

In the 30's a lot of military defensive lines were built in many European countries (France, Germany and more). These were a sophisticated concrete bunkers protecting the borders of the State. A lot of concrete fortresses were built also in the territory of Czechoslovakia as a protection against Nazi Germany. These bunkers are currently almost 80 years old and they are an important part of the Czech cultural-technical heritage. The paper describes moisture-related failures of the bunker R-S74 which is situated in Eagle Mountains in the Czech Republic with additional material testing of the permeability of used concrete. Present experimental study is unique due to the significant differences in the cement and concrete composition 80 years ago in comparison to the actual state of concrete technology. The results of the laboratory analysis showed that the bunker's concrete is very inhomogeneous and it has very different properties in terms of its permeability.
Behaviour of Composites Based on Blended Matrix with CNT during Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Melichar Tomáš , Bydžovský Jiří , Dufka Ámos
Published: August 2016

The paper presents the results of research focused on modification of silicate matrix by secondary energy products with current reinforcement using carbon nanotubes (CNT). A suitable CNT sorting method was assessed first. In the following, the influence of various composition of the blended binder (substitution of cement in quantities 15, 25 and 35 %) of reinforced CNT to basic parameters and micro structure was examined. Amphibolite was used as a filling agent. Temperature exposition took its course up to 1,200 °C with consecutive controlled cooling.
The Research of the Waste Sludge with the Content of Hazardous Substances Solidification Using Cement Matrix
Authors: Dohnalkova Bozena
Published: August 2016

This paper deals with the solidification/stabilization of selected type of hazardous waste with use of cementation. Different solidification formulas for this chosen waste were proposed with use of two types of cements and classic and fluid fly ashes. Then according to these formulas testing specimens were produced and after maturing process were subjected to laboratory tests - compressive strength after 28 and 60 days maturing testing and leachability testing. This paper presents results of this laboratory tests.
Possibilities of Binding Recycled Glass in Production of Advanced Building Materials
Authors: Reif Martina , Zach Jiří , Novák Vítězslav
Published: August 2016

The use of secondary raw material resources for construction purposes currently has a great potential. Secondary raw materials obtained by recycling waste glass find use (among others) in the production of thermal and acoustic insulation, production of lightweight concrete mixes and also in transportation engineering e.g. in road reconstruction.The paper deals with the possibilities of binding lightweight aggregate based on waste glass powder and with the production of advanced composite materials with good thermal insulation and acoustic properties. This means cement, epoxy resin and bituminous matrix with the goal to develop advanced building materials that could find further use as, for example, thermal insulation materials.
Effect of Used Binders in Lightweight Plaster Mixtures on their Thermal Insulation Properties
Authors: Hroudová Jitka , Zach Jiří , Sedlmajer Martin , Helanová Ester
Published: August 2016

Good thermal insulation properties of the surface structures lead to reduction of heat losses in buildings. This reduces the energy required for heating which is positive fact from the view protection of the environment. The aim of the research intent, which is going at Faculty of Civil Engineering in Brno, is the development of high-quality, thermal insulating plasters using both conventional binders, and alternative binders, whose acquisition-production is in comparison with the technology production of cement less energy intensive. Due to the fact that increasing moisture leads to deterioration of the thermal insulating properties, further research works were devoted to the study of the influence of relative humidity and moisture content on the thermal insulation properties of lightweight plasters, including of the determination of capillary absorption coefficient.
This paper describes evaluation of the development of insulating plasters based on lightweight aggregates, using different ratio of cement and lime hydrate and other chemical additives. There are presented results of the study of basic physical and thermal insulating properties, including the study of sorption properties developed lightweight plaster mixtures.
Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Material with Waste Aggregate According to Porosity
Authors: Mec Pavel , Boháčová Jana , Staněk Stanislav
Published: August 2016

Mechanical properties of alkali-activated materials are intensively studied nowadays. Great attention is paid to the economic problems and the effort to reduce the price of the finished product. This paper deals with usage of secondary raw materials from building industry used as aggregate for alkali-activated material. The mechanical and durability properties are tested and compared with porosity determined by mercury porosimetry.
Influence of Aluminous Cement on the Hardening Rate of Cement-Based Stucco Mortars
Authors: Siemiński Wojciech , Kaczmarczyk Marcin
Published: August 2016

Renovation mortars used to restore damaged stucco elements are materials with special physical properties due to the nature of the work and environment in which they are applied. They must be characterized by low shrinkage, relatively short setting time, appropriate working properties and hydrophobic nature of hardened mortar. This paper analyzes the impact of mortar stucco ingredients on these parameters. The analysis was performed by experimental studies. The effect of the content ratio of aluminate cement to Portland cement on the change in mortar setting time was studied. Suitable workability of fresh mortar is achieved by the use of consistence-modifying additives. To assess this parameter, flow table method was applied in accordance with PN-EN 1015-3: 2000. The additives used were a system of thickeners, which included: cellulose ether in the form of hydroxyethylmethylcellulose and modified starch ether (starch 2-hydroxypropyl ether). Hydrophobic properties were obtained by the addition of triethoxyoctylsilane. The results were presented as graphs and tables. It was found that the ratio of aluminous cement to Portland cement most beneficial in terms of the setting rate of the resulting stucco mortar is 25% (m/m). This amount accelerates the end of setting time to 2 hours, the beginning of the setting time being 20 minutes. Suitable working characteristics were obtained by the addition of 0.080% of hydroxyethylmethylcellulose and 0.025% (m/m in dry mix) of starch 2-hydroxypropyl ether. Best hydrophobic properties of the hardened mortar was obtained by the addition of 0.075% (m/m in dry mix) of triethoxyoctylsilane.
Utilization of Nanofibers in Sintered Ceramic Body Based on Calcium Aluminous Cement
Authors: Sokolař Radomír , Šveda Mikuláš
Published: August 2016

The aim of the article is to determine the possibility of domestic inorganic nanofibers utilization (Pardam, Ltd.) for experimentally developed porcelain body based on calcium aluminate cement. Two types of nanofibers based on pure SiO2 and Al2O3 were mixed with the casting slip prepared in the system calcium aluminate cement – quartz – feldspar. The properties of the raw materials mixture (mixing water content, drying shrinkage, strength of green body) and fired body at different temperatures (strength, porosity) were tested.
Effect of Polymer Admixtures on Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer
Authors: Mikhailova Olesia , Rovnaník Pavel
Published: August 2016

Geopolymers are presented in many studies as binders alternative to ordinary Portland cement. Several inorganic materials have been used as raw materials for the production of geopolymers. One of them is metakaolin which is produced by dehydroxylation of kaolin. Metakaolin has a much larger surface area than cement, resulting in an increase in water demand to maintain workability. Polymer admixtures may contribute to reduction of this demand. However, another problem should be considered: plasticizers which improve rheological properties in cement technology are not effective for geopolymers. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different polymer admixtures on the compressive and flexural strength, pore size distribution and microstructure of alkali-activated metakaolin material. The results revealed that a maximum compressive strength of 18.6 MPa was achieved by adding 1.5% of VINNAPAS 7016 F, and a maximum flexural strength of 2.2 MPa when adding 0.5 or 1% of the same polymer admixture.
Molar Ratio and Polymer Modification Influence to Water Glass Coatings Matrix Basic Properties
Authors: Šnirch Zdeněk , Dufka Ámos , Hodná Jana
Published: August 2016

This paper contains the continuation of basic research from 2012 - the molar ratio influence to water glass coatings basic properties (adhesion, diffusion properties, surface quality) was expanded with basic resistance (combination of sun, UV light and rain). Most silicate coatings for concrete protection are currently based on potassium water glass. Water glass matrix itself is, however, insufficient for coatings matrix and often is modified by polymer substances for the coating purpose. Combinations of water glass basic matrix (Sodium, Potassium, Lithium, Sodium - Lithium and Potassium - Lithium) with the appropriate polymer modifiers is also content of the presented paper. Polymer dispersions modification effect to basic properties and resistance to developed silicate coating binder is also part of paper.
Utilization of Inorganic Binders for the Mineralization of Natural Fibers
Authors: Zach Jiří , Novák Vítězslav , Hroudová Jitka
Published: August 2016

The issue of natural fibers used for the production of materials with thermal insulation properties is its high moisture sensitivity and susceptibility to biodedgradaci. Effective protection of these fibers may be for some applications so. Mineralization which involves the application of inorganic compounds / binder to the surface of natural fibers. The paper focuses primarily on ways of implementing the mineralization using inorganic binders, and then changes the properties of natural fibers after application of various types of inorganic binders.
The Development of Coating Systems Based on Alkali Activated Slag for Protecting Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Dufka Ámos , Melichar Tomáš , Bydžovský Jiří
Published: August 2016

Theme of the article is the development of coating systems based on alkali activated stag intended for protection of reinforced concrete constructions exposed to chemically aggressive environments. At present mainly polymer based secondary protections are used for this purpose. The coating systems based on alkali activated slag have potential to surpass these generally applied types of secondary protections in many aspects. For instance for constructions exposed to synergic actuation of chemically aggressive environment and increased temperatures. Findings obtained from alkali activated slag coating exposed to selected aggressive environment types for six months are presented in this article.
Structural Behaviour of Ferrogeopolymer Slabs under Flexure
Authors: Kumutha Rathinam , Vijai Kanagarajan , Rajeswaran P.
Published: August 2016

The main objective of this paper was to present the results of experimental investigation carried out to study the structural behaviour of ferrogeopolymer elements under flexure. Initially the properties of geopolymeric binder prepared using the source materials such as Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) without conventional cement have been investigated. The different parameters considered in this study are the ratio of binder to fine aggregate (1:2 and1:3) and the ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH solutions (2.0 and 2.5). The various combinations of Fly ash and GGBS considered are 90% & 10% and 80% & 20%. The alkaline liquid to binder ratio is fixed as 0.45. The individual properties of mortar such as Compressive Strength and Density were determined as per relevant Indian standards. The geopolymer concrete mix that gives the highest compressive strength was used to cast the ferrogeopolymer structural slabs. Four numbers of rectangular slabs of size 800 mm x 300 mm x 25 mm were prepared with two types of meshes such as mild steel and galvanized iron weld mesh with single and double layers. Based on the test results Load-Deflection curves were drawn and the effectiveness of mild steel and galvanized iron weld meshes was compared from the characteristics such as first crack load, ultimate load, energy absorption and ductility.
Seismic Upgrading of a Masonry Church with FRP Composites
Authors: Milani Gabriele , Shehu Rafael , Valente Marco
Published: August 2016

This paper presents some preliminary results of seismic analyses performed on a masonry church located in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). The church suffered damage during the seismic events occurred in 2012 and some seismic upgrading interventions by means of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) are proposed. The behavior of the church is investigated under horizontal loads simulating a seismic action defined in accordance with Italian Code indications. The preliminary results of the numerical analyses performed on the church in the unretrofitted configuration put in evidence both the insufficient strength of some structural elements when subjected to lateral loads and a typical failure mode of the façade. Two seismic upgrading interventions with FRP composites are simulated in order to increase the seismic performance of the church. Such interventions are carried out according to the provisions of Italian Code for FRP strengthening of existing structures. Numerical results show that a proper seismic upgrading intervention by means of FRP composites is effective to improve the seismic performance of the church.
Laboratory Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams with the Use of Operational Modal Analysis
Authors: Musiał Michał
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the potential for the use of operational modal analysis (OMA) in the testing of reinforced concrete elements. The main difficulties encountered by the author when carrying his own experiments in this regard are described. The investigations carried out as part of this research and reported here covered: the identification and selection of a proper test stand, the effect of the loading advancement degree on the eigenfrequencies and damping of reinforced concrete beams. In addition, general tips on the testing of reinforced concrete elements with the use of OMA, which can be useful for conducting other experiments of this type, are included.
Influence of Fly Ash and Basalt Fibers on Strength and Chloride Penetration Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Al Hawat Waddah
Published: August 2016

Fly ash is a sustainable partial replacement of Portland cement that offers significant advantages in terms of fresh and hardened properties of concrete. This paper presents the findings of a study that aims at assessing the durability and strength properties of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes in which Portland cement was partially replaced with 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% fly ash. The study confirms that replacing Portland cement with fly ash at all of the percentages studied improves resistance of concrete to chloride penetration. The 40% fly ash mix exhibited the highest resistance to chloride penetration compared to the control mix. Despite the relative drop in compressive strength after 7 days of curing, the 28-day compressive strength of 40% SCC mix reached 55.75 MP, which is very close to the control mix. The study also confirms that adding 1%, 1.5%, and 2% basalt fibers, respectively, to the 40% fly ash mix improves the resistance to chloride penetration compared to the mix without basalt fibers.