bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GCL self-healing: fully penetrating hole/slit hydrated with RO water and 10 mM Ca solution
Authors: Li T.-K. , Rowe R. K.
Published: October 2019

The self-healing of fully penetrating artificial defects (circular holes and rectangular slits) in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) on full hydration in deionized water and 10 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution under 2 kPa overburden stress are compared. Circular holes with diameters up to 41 mm self-healed in deionized water but with an indentation of about up to 2 mm deep remaining at the center of the larger self-healed zones for holes of 30 mm diameter and larger. Holes of up to 35 mm diameter completely closed-up in 10 mM CaCl2 solution, but with an indentation of about up to 6 mm deep remaining at the center of the larger self-healed zones for holes of 30 mm diameter and larger. A fully penetrating 15 mm wide × 120 mm long single slit in the center of a GCL specimen completely closed up in deionized water but not in 10 mM CaCl2 solution. Even in deionized water, the slit does not fully close when 25 mm (or more) wide. Double parallel silts 15 mm wide × 240 mm long closed up in deionized water, but not in 10 mM CaCl2 solution when there was a 20 mm-wide strip of undamaged GCL between the slits, but did not fully close up when the undamaged GCL strip between the slits was reduced to 10 mm or 5 mm. The difference in self-healing based on the hydrating fluid chemistry is discussed.
Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Ders Kitaplarına Bağlılıkları Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ahmet Tayfun , ÇERÇİ Arif
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada, Türkçe öğretmenlerinin ders kitaplarına bağlılıklarını ölçebilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, madde havuzunu oluşturmak amacıyla ilgili alanyazından yararlanılmış, uzman görüşü alınmış ve öğretmenlerle odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri ,959, Bartlett’s Test değeri de %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde (p<,05) anlamlı çıkmıştır. Pilot uygulama gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonrasında Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) yapılmış ve ölçekte 4 alt boyut belirlenmiştir. Ardından AFA’da ortaya çıkan yapıyı doğrulamak için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır.  Analiz sonucunda ölçeğin iyi uyuma sahip olduğu ve modelin doğrulandığı belirlenmiştir (RMSEA=,065, GFI=,88, AGFI=,845, CFI=,953, NFI=,913). Böylelikle geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek elde edilmiştir.
Sanatsal Bir Uyaran Olarak Çocuk Tiyatroları
Authors: AKYÜZ Metin
Published: October 2019

Sanat,
çok farklı tanımları olan bir kavramdır. En genel biçimde de güzel ile faydalı
olanı birleştiren bir disiplin olarak tanımlanabilir. Güzel ve yararlılık
kavramları insanın sanattan beklentilerini ortaya koyar. Tiyatro da tarih
boyunca hem güzeli hem de yararlı olanı taşıyan bir sanat dalı olmuştur. İlk
çağlardan beri bütün toplumlar tiyatronun eğitici özelliklerinden
yararlanmıştır. Batı’da çocukluk kavramının ortaya çıkmasından sonra çocuklar
için de tiyatro yapma ihtiyacı duyulur. Bu ihtiyacın sonucu olarak çocuk
tiyatroları doğar. Çocuk, fiziksel ve ruhsal özellikleri bakımından
yetişkinlerden farklı özellikler taşır. Bundan dolayı çocuklar için yapılan
tiyatronun çocuğun niteliklerine uygun özellikler taşıması gerekir. İletişim
bütün sanatlar için çok önemli bir unsurdur. Söz konusu çocuk tiyatrosu
olduğunda bu önem daha çok artar. Çocuk tiyatroları, dramatik örüntüsünden
kurgusal özelliklerine, kişilerinden çoğulcu anlatım boyutlarına kadar çocuğun
dünyasına seslenen tekniklerini barındırmalıdır. Ancak bu donanımlarla çocuğun
karşısına çıkan çocuk tiyatrosu onun ilgisini çekip, dünyasını geliştirebilir.
Web 2.0 Uygulamalarının Türkçe Eğitiminde Motivasyona Etkisi: Kahoot Örneği
Authors: METE Filiz , BATIBAY Emre Fatih
Published: October 2019

Yapılan araştırmada Web 2.0 araçlarından biri olan
Kahoot’un Türkçe dersinde motivasyona etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Ön
test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desenin kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu Mamak Vehbi Dinçerler Ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 7. sınıf öğrencileri
oluşturmaktadır. Deney grubunda (n=27)
Kahoot destekli etkinliklerle ders işlenmiş olup kontrol grubunda (n=25) ders kitabındaki etkinliklere
bağlı kalınarak öğretim yapılmıştır. 
Araştırma süreci dört haftadan (20 ders saati) oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada
veri toplama aracı olarak Özerbaş tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Motivasyon
Testi kullanılmıştır. Motivasyon Testi’nin ölçüm güvenirliği için bulunan α
katsayısı ,88 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler toplandıktan sonra verilerin
normallik dağılımları incelenmiş olup grup içi ve gruplar arası puanların
karşılaştırılmasında Bağımlı Örneklemler t Testi ve Bağımsız Örneklemler t
Testi kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre Kahoot destekli
etkinliklerle işlenen Türkçe dersinde motivasyon yüksek oranda (η2=
,56) artmıştır.
Uterus Didelfis Olgusunda Dikaviter İkiz Gebelik
Authors: YILANLIOĞLU Necip Cihangir , ÖZBAY Koray , ARISOY Resul , KAHRAMAN Semra
Published: October 2019

Amaç: Uterus didelfis anomalisi olan
infertil hastada IVF tedavisi ile elde edilen dikaviter ikiz gebelik olgusunu
literatür bilgileri eşliğinde sunmak.Olgu: 29 yaşında primer infertil hasta
gebelik elde etme arzusu ile hastanemizin tüp bebek ünitesi’ne başvurduktan
sonra daha önce varlığı bildirilmiş olan “uterus didelfis” anomalisi ultrasonografik
değerlendirme ve histerosalpingografi ile teyit edildi. Uterin anomali dışında özgeçmişinde
bir özellik bulunmamaktaydı. Daha öncesinde erkek faktörü nedeniyle uygulanan iki
başarısız in vitro fertilizasyon denemesi olan hastaya yapılan tedavide her bir
kaviteye bir tane 5. gün embriyosu transfer edildi ve her iki embriyonun implante
olması neticesinde dikaviter ikiz gebelik gelişti. Gebelik elde edildikten
sonra takipleri hastanemizin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum kliniği tarafından
yapıldı. Şiddetli preeklampsi gelişmesi nedeniyle 35 hafta 4 günlük iken sezaryen-tek
uterin insizyon ile ikiz bebekler doğurtuldu.

Sonuç: Uterus didelfis anomalisinde dikaviter ikiz
gebelik olguları çok nadir olup, başarılı gebelik sonuçları için yakın takip
önemlidir. Bu olguların doğumu veya sezeryanı özellikli olup, deneyimli
kliniklerde yapılmalıdır.
Gönen Deltası Kumul Bitki Çeşitliliği, Tehdit Faktörleri ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: SATIL Fatih , TÜMEN Gülendam , SELVİ Selami
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gönen deltasındaki
kıyı kumul bitkilerini ve bu alanlardaki çevre sorunlarını tespit etmektir.
Ayrıca, kumul alanlardaki bitki çeşitliliğini tehdit eden faktörlere çözüm
önerileri sunmaktır. Floristik çalışmalar sonucunda alanda; 32 familyaya ait 78
cins ve 89 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bölgedeki kumul alanların karakteristik
florasında Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Amaranthaceae ve Apiaceae familyaları
ağırlıktadır. Cakile maritima, Salsola
kali ve Halimione portulacoides neredeyse
bütün araştırma alanlarına yayılmış durumdadırlar. Sahada yapılan floristik ve
ekolojik gözlemler sonucunda, kumul türlerin yayılış alanlarındaki tehdit
faktörleri belirlenmiştir. Sanayi ve kanalizasyon sularının arıtılmadan akarsu
ve denize akıtılması, tarımsal faaliyetler ve kıyılardan kum alımı gibi çeşitli
nedenler kumul alanların hızla kirlenmesine yol açmaktadır. Bölgedeki dericilik
sektörü su kaynaklarına ve kumul alanlara en önemli zararı veren
faaliyetlerdendir. Kumul bitki türlerinden özellikle Pancratium maritimum soğanlarının halk tarafından toplanıyor
olması ve yayılış alanındaki habitat bozulmaları bu türün popülasyonlarını
oldukça düşürmüştür. Bölgedeki ekolojik sorunların temelinde denetimsizlik ve
bilinçsizlik yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle, ekolojik planlama sürecinde
sanayicilerin ve bölge halkının da bilinçlendirilmesi önemlidir.
Magnetic Beads Cell Separation v3
Authors: Sánchez Laura , Troncone Clemente Claudia
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to separate the aptamers that bind to the cells from the ones that don't. The cells used have a histidin tag that attaches to the beads' streptavidin tag. The beads will then pull the cells and the complex will precipitate. Since the aptamers have high specifity and affinity for particular sequences, those able to recognice the cells will bind to them, being part of the complex. The aptamers that don't recognice the cells, won't bind. This protocol enables to separate aptamers based on their affinity using the target cells. The magnetic beads from Promega have proven to be an efficient method to separate proteins. With this variation, we aimed to do a proof of concept and test if we could separate cells efficiently as well. Unfortunately, the method didn't work for us and we weren't able to achieve a good result. We still want to optimize this process, but the protocol that we already developed might help other scientists.
Halide and Thiocyanate Metal Acid Complexes Extraction in the Water – Ethoxylated Nonylphenol – Ammonium Sulfate System
Authors: Stankova Anastasya V. , Elokhov Aleksandr M. , Lesnov Andrey E.
Published: October 2019

Nonionic ethoxylated surfactants, including ethoxylated nonylphenols, can be considered as neutral oxygen-containing extraction reagents, the formation of delamination systems with which is possible when salting-out with inorganic salts. In this work, the distribution of halide and thiocyanate acid complexes of thallium (III), iron (III), indium and gallium in the water – ethoxylated nonylphenol (neonol AF 9-12) – ammonium sulfate system at 25°C was investigated. It is established that thallium (III) is quantitatively extracted in the form of tetrahalidetallate-ion with an acidity of more than 0.1 mol/l, extraction of other metals is not quantitative. Among the thiocyanate acid complexes, zinc, cobalt and copper (II) are quantitatively concentrated, which can be used for group concentration of these metals or their extraction-spectrophotometric determination methods
Adenoviral konjonktivit ile başvuran çocuk hastada paraenfeksiyöz optik nevrit
Authors: CANAN Handan
Published: October 2019

Üç gündür her iki gözünde kızarıklık şikayeti ile başvuran on yaşında kız çocuğun oftalmolojik muayenesinde konjonktival hiperemi, küçük peteşiyal kanamalar ve kapak ödemi tespit edilerek adenoviral konjonktivit tanısı konuldu. Hastanın fundus muayenesinde ise konjenital optik disk druzeni tespit edildi. On gün sonra yapılan OKT taramalarında optik disk sinir lifleri tabakası kalınlığı ile disk ödeminde artış gözlendi. Görme keskinliğinde azalma olmayan hastada paraenfeksiyöz optik nevrit düşünüldü. Takiplerinde optik diskte gelişen ödem, sistemik tedavi olmadan kendiliğinden geriledi. Bu olgu sunumunun amacı, adenoviral konjonktivitli bir çocukta paraenfeksiyöz optik nevrit gelişimini sunmaktır.
Relationship between self-care ability and happiness in elderly individuals
Authors: TÜRK Rukiye , AKKUŞ Yeliz , SÖNMEZ Tuğçe
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study has been carried to determine the relation between self-care ability and happiness in elderly individuals living in Kars province located in the eastern part of Turkey.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional type study and comprises 400 elderly individuals living in central district of Kars province. The data were collected through utilization of the personal information form, the Self-care Ability Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short-Form (OHQ-SF).Results: The elderly individuals received a mean score of 24.89 ± 5.04 from the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and a mean score of 93.94 ± 19.15 from the Self Care Ability Scale. There was a statistically positive mean moderate correlation between the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire score and Self Care Ability Scale score. As scores of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire increases, self-care ability score also increases.Conclusion: Significant relationship between happiness levels and self-care ability was determined in elderly individuals.
Temporomandibular bozukluk ve bruksizm: bir olgu sunumu
Authors: SÖNMEZ Doğancan , HOCAOĞLU Çiçek
Published: October 2019

Günümüzün önemli bir sorunu olan temporomandibular bozukluk (TMB); temporomandibular eklem, çiğneme kasları ve ilişkili yapıları ilgilendiren, ağrı ve ağız hareketlerinde kısıtlılıkla seyreden, sık rastlanan bir bozukluktur. Yüz ağrısı, baş ağrısı, kulak ağrısı, boyun ağrısı ve eklem hareketlerinde ağrı ve kısıtlılık şikayetleri ile başvurular sıktır. Bruksizm, diş gıcırdatma ve diş sıkma ile karakterize bir motor bozukluk olup stresle arttığı bilinmektedir. Popülasyonun yaklaşık %8 ile %21'ini etkiler. Genel kabul edilen görüş, multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla ele alınması yönündedir. Bu olgu sunumunda diş gıcırdatma şikayeti ile psikiyatri polikliniğimize başvuran 67 yaşında bir kadın hasta sunulmaktadır. TMB ve bruksizm ile ilgili genel bilgiler, ağrıların psikojenik boyutu, eşlik eden psikiyatrik tanılar ve güncel tedavi yaklaşımları literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, TMB veya bruksizim ilişkili yakınmalar ile başvuran hastalarda, klinik belirtiler göz önüne alınarak çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri belirlenebilir.
İnfertilite tedavisi alan çiftlerin kullandıkları tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp uygulamaları
Authors: KURT Gönül , Arslan Hamide
Published: October 2019

Amaç: Bu araştırma ile infertilite tedavisi alan çiftlerin tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerini kullanma durumları ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinin infertilite polikliniği ve tüp bebek merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini en az bir aydır infertilite tedavisi alan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 150 infertil kadın oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ‘’Veri Toplama Formu’’ kullanılmıştır. sBulgular: Araştırma kapsamındaki çiftlerin %47.3’ünün konvansiyonel infertilite tedavilerinin yanı sıra tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerini kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Kadınların ve eşlerinin tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerinden en yüksek oranda bitkisel yöntemler ve spritüal uygulamaları kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Kadınların tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerini kullanma durumları, infertilite süresi, infertilite tedavi süresi ve infertilite kaynağı özelliklerine göre anlamlı derecede farklı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Araştırmada infertilite tedavisi alan çiftlerin yarısına yakınının konvansiyonel tedavi ile birlikte tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerini kullandıkları ve en çok kullanılan yöntemlerin biyolojik temelli uygulamalar ve zihin beden tıbbı uygulamaları olduğu belirlenmiştir. İnfertilite süresi ve tedavi süresi uzun olan, kadına bağlı nedenlerden dolayı infertilite tedavisi alan çiftler daha yüksek oranda tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerini kullanmaktadır.
The presystolic wave was not sufficient for diagnosing subclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients
Authors: ÖZMEN Çağlar , KAYA Bülent , EKER AKILLI Rabia , TEPE Ömer , DENİZ Ali , KANADAŞI Mehmet , DEMİR Mesut , USAL Ayhan
Published: October 2019

Purpose: In hemodialysis patients, detection of left ventricul diastolic dysfunction as early as possible is critically important. The presystolic wave occurs in the left ventricul outflow tract and it’s associated with left ventricul stiffness and compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of presystolic wave in the detection of diastolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, eighty hemodialysis patients and 88 healthy controls were included in the study. The laboratory parameters were tested before the dialysis. The conventional B-mode, pulsed doppler parameters, doppler tissue-imaging, and presystolic wave measurements were performed at echocardiography. Results: Presystolic wave was detected in 46.0% of patients and 18.1% of the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between patients in terms of MPI, mitral E and A wave velocity, E/A and e’/a’ ratio, deceleration time, septal a’ and e’ wave velocity, and Sao in either presence or absence of presystolic wave. In the univariate model, higher Eao velocity and septal E/e’ ratio, and reduced duration of hemodialysis were determined as risk factors for the presence of presystolic wave.Conclusion: The assessment of presystolic wave on echocardiography examination may provide important information about the left ventricul diastolic function. But we have demonstrated in this study that presystolic wave is not entirely associated with left ventricul diastolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients.
Seismic Response of Cook Inlet Sedimentary Basin, Southern Alaska
Authors: Smith Kyle , Tape Carl
Published: October 2019

Cook Inlet fore‐arc basin in south‐central Alaska is a large, deep (7.6 km) sedimentary basin with the Anchorage metropolitan region on its margins. From 2015 to 2017, a set of 28 broadband seismic stations was deployed in the region as part of the Southern Alaska Lithosphere and Mantle Observation Network (SALMON) project. The SALMON stations, which also cover the remote western portion of Cook Inlet basin and the back‐arc region, form the basis for our observational study of the seismic response of Cook Inlet basin. We quantify the influence of Cook Inlet basin on the seismic wavefield using three data sets: (1) ambient‐noise amplitudes of 18 basin stations relative to a nonbasin reference station, (2) earthquake ground‐motion metrics for 34 crustal and intraslab earthquakes, and (3) spectral ratios (SRs) between basin stations and nonbasin stations for the same earthquakes. For all analyses, we examine how quantities vary with the frequency content of the seismic signal and with the basin depth at each station. Seismic waves from earthquakes and from ambient noise are amplified within Cook Inlet basin. At low frequencies (0.1–0.5 Hz), ambient‐noise ratios and earthquake SRs are in a general agreement with power amplification of 6–14 dB, corresponding to amplitude amplification factors of 2.0–5.0. At high frequencies (0.5–4.0 Hz), the basin amplifies the earthquake wavefield by similar factors. Our results indicate stronger amplification for the deeper basin stations such as near Nikiski on the Kenai Peninsula and weaker amplification near the margins of the basin. Future work devoted to 3D wavefield simulations and treatment of source and propagation effects should improve the characterization of the frequency‐dependent response of Cook Inlet basin to recorded and scenario earthquakes in the region.
Uma proposta de visualização do sistema agregado de marketing turístico
Authors: Gama de Madeiros Fabiana , Da Costa Francisco José
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo discutir macromarketing no contexto do turismo, a partir de uma perspectiva sistêmica. Na primeira parte, são apresentadas discussões concernentes a turismo e ética em macromarketing, perpassando pelo conceito e pelos elementos do sistema agregado de marketing, finalidade e princípio geral de equilíbrio, atividade turística como um sistema agregado de marketing e ética em macromarketing como fundamento para o equilíbrio. Na segunda parte, propõe-se uma construção teórica do Sistema Agregado de Marketing Turístico (SAMTur). Conclui-se que a perspectiva adotada auxilia numa análise sistêmica do funcionamento de sistemas de marketing turístico. Assim, avança teoricamente em relação à visão sistêmica da atividade turística, na medida em que se inclui uma lente de macromarketing na análise do turismo.
La influencia de pares como antecedente de la actitud y la capacidad de innovación en el comportamiento ecológico
Authors: Bianchi Enrique , Bruno Juan Manuel , Sánchez Carolina
Published: October 2019

Se analiza la relación mediadora, entre la influencia de pares y la acción comportamental ecológica, de las actitudes (afectiva y verbal) y de la capacidad de innovar del consumidor. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con 521 casos valida que los grupos de pares influyen positivamente en la actitud afectiva y en la capacidad de innovar, y que ambas actitudes tienen efecto sobre la acción comportamental. Así, el grupo social cercano al consumidor estimula la prueba, el cambio y la compra de productos ecológicos. Conjuntamente, para las estrategias de comunicación que deseen estimular comportamientos ecológicos, los mensajes afectivos-cognitivos son relevantes ya que la compra ecológica depende del impacto emocional del discurso mientras que la participación ecológica está supeditada a argumentos racionales.
Applications of Nanotechnology in Road Construction
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Kulshreshtha Asita , Banerjee Anirudh , Singh Bharat Raj
Published: October 2019

Nanotechnology is the technique in which nanoscale properties of materials are used in design, construction of the structure. Earlier this technology has been mainly used in field of medicines, biochemistry or microelectronics which work at micro level. Developments in field of nanotechnology have changed our abilities and expectations to change the properties of materials so that they can be used in various fields. Nowadays use of nanotechnology is increasing day by day in the field of Road Construction Engineering. Materials have got some special properties at nanoscale which is used in nanotechnology. Nanoscale properties of materials are used for preparation of nanocomposite which can be used in road construction. The use of nanotechnology lies in the area of modification of existing material properties so that sustainability of material and its durability is increased with provision of users comfort when the material is used in road construction.
Analysis of Printing Pressure Using Density Measurements of Printed Ink.
Authors: Dendge Ramesh R
Published: October 2019

In process-color lithographic sheet-fed offset printing the uniformity of printing pressure is critical in achieving consistent print quality. The variations in printing pressure at blanket and impression cylinder nip affect the resultant print density of process colors. The variations in printing pressure are observed not only within the print run but also in the print area of the sheet. The printing pressure is the function of machine engineering, blanket cylinder covering material, substrate, and thickness of image carrier, packing materials used in packing of blanket and plate cylinder. Many printers, even today, use a feeler gauge to judge the level of printing pressure at two or three places along with the blanket and impression cylinder nip. The conventional feeler gauge method yields qualitative information and considers a very smaller portion of the print area. In this experimental work, the densitometry is used to devise an alternative subjective method to give information about the levels of printing pressure across the print area. The image equalling print area is divided into uniformly spaced small patches and one thousand sheets uncoated paper are printed with cyan color on large format offset printing machine. Three sheets, 101th, 501th, and 901th, representing the start, middle and the end of the print run are selected. Out of each identified sheets, three patches are selected from left middle and right columns giving a total nine locations from across the print area. The reflection densities, of nine cyan patches uniformly covering the print area, are measured using electronic densitometer for each of the sheets and tabulated. This approach, involving statistics, is aimed at providing a quantitative tool to analyze printing pressure variation across the print area and within the print run.
The fenofibrate effect on genotoxicity in brain and liver and on the expression of genes regulating fatty acids metabolism of mice
Authors: Khorolskaya V.G. , Gureev A.P. , Shaforostova E.A. , Laver D.A. , Popov V.N.
Published: October 2019

Fibrates are well-known agonists of the PPAR family (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors). This class of drugs is used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Fenofibrate is one of the members of this class of synthetic PPARα receptor ligands. The oral administration of 0.3% fenofibrate caused a decrease in strength due to loss of body weight in laboratory animals when improving behavioural features. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of liver cells showed a genotoxic effect of fenofibrate, due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which could be attributed to activation of peroxisomal β-oxidation processes, as well as to the lack of increase in the expression of genes encoding antioxidant defense proteins. Treatment with fenofibrate did not cause brain mtDNA damage. It has been shown that fenofibrate induced mitochondrial β-oxidation in the brain, as indicated by the increased expression of the Acadm and Cpt1a and Ppargc1a and Ppara. The study found no effect of fenofibrate on the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis in brain and liver cells. Thus, we can conclude that fenofibrate significantly affects lipid metabolism in the liver and brain, but in the liver it is associated with an increase of oxidative stress, resulting in mtDNA oxidative damage. However, fenofibrate-induced increase in the expression of Ppargc1a is not associated with an increase of mitochondrial biogenesis. This is consistent with the recent suggestion that PGC-1α might not be a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Mutation Analysis of Exon 23 of the PTCH Tumor Suppressor Gene in Multiple Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients with a History of Radiodermatitis
Authors: Mirhadi Sara , Abbasi Ata , Beigom Mobasheri Maryam , Moslehi Homayoun , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2019

Background: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) with its slow-growing and rarely metastatic nature is the most common human neoplasm. Multiple BCCs mostly result from germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, PTCH with a genetic transmission pattern. Multiple BCCs may also originate from radiodermatitis which is a significant side effect of ionizing radiation exposure delivered to the skin in various skin treatments. PTCH is a critical member of the Sonic Hedgehog signalling pathway and mutations in this gene have been reported in as many as 40-80% of skin cancers. Exon number 23 is a critical exon in the function of the PTCH protein. Mutations have been reported in codon 1315 of PTCH in non-melanoma skin cancers. Methods: We assessed mutations in exon 23 of the PTCH gene by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing in the peripheral blood cells of 10 patients with multiple BCCs. All of the subjects were selected from among patients with a history of radiation exposure and subsequent radiodermatitis. Results: Direct sequencing revealed a Cytosine to Thymine mutation in codon 1315 of the PTCH gene in 60% of patients, 50% of which were heterozygotes, possessing both the C and T allele, and 10% were homozygotes for the T allele in the same position. Four subjects (40%) were normal homozygotes of the C allele, similar to the normal population. Conclusion: Mutations with ID: rs 3575564 were detected in codon 1315 which transform the proline amino-acid to leucine in the PTCH protein. This transformation may affect the normal function of the PTCH protein, as reported previously. Patients with multiple BCCs who had a history of radiation exposure show a transformation from cytosine to thymine in codon number 1315 of the PTCH gene in their peripheral blood cells. Subsequent assessment of BCC tissues will clarify the somatic mutagenesis effects of radiation.
A Review on the Application of In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Cancerous Tumors for the Study of the Hyperthermia Effect
Authors: Zahedi-Tabar Zahra , Bagheri-Khoulenjani Shadab , Amanpour Saeid , Mirzadeh Hamid
Published: October 2019

Hyperthermia is a novel method for cancer therapy. To have the best control when heating tissues in hyperthermia, the use of magnetic nanoparticles is suggested. The local control of heat is very important in this technique, to prevent the damage of healthy tissues around the tumor, and therefore it is necessary to measure changes in temperature to determine the optimum conditions in which hyperthermia can create the desired results. The type and concentration of nanoparticles and nanoparticle distribution within the cancerous tissue are key factors affecting temperature distribution throughout the hyperthermia process. One of the main factors influencing nanoparticle distribution is the characteristics of the diffusion media, such as chemical composition, morphological and mechanical features, all of which affect the diffusion of nanoparticles at the cancer site. In this review, the most common in vitro and in vivo media and their influence on the results of hyperthermia are discussed. We also mention in silico as a computational model. Buffer solutions, cell cultures, microfluids, dead tissues and animal models are some of the in vitro media that are discussed in this review paper. In addition, some of the animal models used for hyperthermia will be mentioned.
Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, +2464 C/T and -4576A/C, and Breast Cancer Risk, a Hospital-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Amirzargar Ali Akbar , Sadr Maryam , Esmaeili Reykande Samira , Mohebbi Elham , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Mahmoodi Majid
Published: October 2019

Background: Estrogen is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. The effect of estrogen is primarily mediated by estrogen receptor alpha 1 (ESR1). In this study, we investigated the association between breast cancer risk and the frequency of alleles and genotypes for two ESR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in breast cancer patients and a healthy control group. Methods: A total of 98 female patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer and 93 age-matched healthy female controls who were selected from the visitors of the general hospital were recruited in the study. Two ESR1 candidate polymorphisms; +2464 C/T (rs3020314) and -4576 A/C (rs1514348) were selected. The frequency of alleles and genotypes was determined using Quantitative Real-Time PCR assay. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed for each pair of markers. Using logistic regression, genotype frequencies were estimated as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele distributions of ESR1 for SNPs +2464 C/T and SNP -4576 A/C between patients and controls. The frequency of the ESR1 +2464 T/T genotype in case and control groups was 31.6% vs 29.0%, (OR TT/TC: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.58, 2.20; P = 0.69). The frequency of the +2464C allele was 33.9% vs 35.2%, (OR C/T: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.60, 1.47; P =0.79). The frequency of the ESR1 -4576C/C genotype in case and control groups was 37.75% vs 33.36%, OR CC/AC: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.51, 1.97; P =0.98). The frequency of the -4576A allele was 36.2% vs 43.6 %, (OR C/A: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.47, 1.13; P =0.14). Conclusion: The results indicated that ESR1 polymorphism does not show any significant association with breast cancer risk among female Iranian adults.
Treatment of Severe Urinary Incontinence following Radical Prostatectomy: Experience with Bioceram as a Bulking Agent
Authors: Ayati Mohsen , Amini Erfan , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza , Momeni Seyed Ali , Ohadian Moghadam Solmaz , Damavand Reza S
Published: October 2019

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of Bioceram injection in men with severe stress urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Methods: A total of 18 patients underwent retrograde injection of Bioceram for severe stress urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Evaluation by pad test, international consultation on the Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and American Urology Association Symptom Score - Quality of Life (AUASS-QOL) was performed before and after injection therapy. Patients were considered cured if they were using no pads or only one safety pad per day. Results: Of 18 patients, 14 had received postoperative external beam radiation therapy. Furthermore, 5 patients required transurethral incision due to simultaneous stricture of the urethrovesical anastomosis. The baseline daily pad count changed from a mean of 6.1± 0.8 to 5.3 ± 1.7 (p = 0.010). None of the patients were cured and only 3 patients showed signs of improvement following injection. Conclusion: In patients with severe urinary incontinence, treatment with bulking agent injection is associated with modest efficacy.
Association of cigarette smoking with neuromyelitis opticaimmunoglobulin G sero-positivity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Eskandarieh Sharareh , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza , Sahraiain Mohammad Ali , Azimi Amir Reza , Molazadeh Negar
Published: October 2019

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease caused by the presence of a highly specific serum autoantibody marker, NMO-immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG), that reacts against the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). The present study examined the association between NMO-IgG sero-positivity and environmental factors such as cigarette smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sina Hospital, a tertiary referral center in Tehran, Iran. All the patients with a definite diagnosis of NMOSD were involved in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the AQP4-IgG status. To assess the association between NMO-IgG sero-positivity and cigarette smoking, a researcher-made questionnaire covering patients’ lifestyle information on smoking habits was designed and administered using the structured face-to-face interviews with the patients. Results: The positive and negative NMO-IgG results were found in 44 (46.8%) and 50 (53.2%) patients, respectively. The increased NMO-IgG sero-positivity odds were observed among the lifetime smokers [odds ratio (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-9.08], current smokers (OR = 6.08, 95% CI: 1.26-29.39), and passive smokers (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.10-4.50). Conclusion: Lifetime and current smoking as well as passive smoking can be regarded as risk factors for NMO-IgG sero-positivity. Smoking with its immunological effects can lead to the production of autoantibodies such as NMO-IgG.
Neuroprotective effect of dimethyl fumarate in stroke: The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
Authors: Safari Anahid , Badeli-Sarkala2 Hamzeh , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Kargar-Abarghouei Elias , Anssari Neda , Izadi Sadegh , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin
Published: October 2019

Background: There is evidence that supports the neuroprotective effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in stroke. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of DMF via Nrf2 activation in the cortex, striatum, and diencephalon in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke. Methods: 22 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into 3 groups. In DMF-treated group (n = 8), rats received 15 mg/kg oral DMF twice daily by gavage from day 0 to 14 after a 60-minute MCAO. The vehicle group (n = 7) underwent MCAO and were given methocel/H2O, using the same method and schedule. In the sham group (n = 7), neck was opened, but neither middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded nor any drug was administered. After 14 days, the animals were sacrificed. The infarct volume were assessed by stereology method. Nrf2 expression was evaluated in the cortex, striatum, and diencephalon by immunohistochemistry method. Results: Ratio of infarct to total brain volume was significantly lower in the DMF-treated group (5.76%) in comparison with the vehicle group (22.39%) (P < 0.0001). Nrf2 expression was higher in DMFtreated group in comparison with both the vehicle and sham groups in cortex, striatum, diencephalon, and total brain (P < 0.0001). In the DMF-treated group, significant negative correlation between Nrf2 expression and infarct volume was observed in cortex, striatum, diencephalon, and total brain. Conclusion: DMF induces Nrf2 expression and its neuroprotective effects in different brain anatomical regions.
An overview of motor unit number index reproducibility in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Fathi Davood , Nafissi Shahriar , Attarian Shahram , Neuwirth Christoph , Fatehi Farzad
Published: October 2019

Motor unit number index (MUNIX) is an electrophysiological technique to give an estimate of functioning motor neurons in a muscle. For any given neurophysiological technique for the use in clinical or research studies, reproducibility between different operators and in a single operator in different times is one of the most important qualities, which must be evaluated and approved by different examiners and centers. After its introduction, testing the reproducibility of MUNIX was the aim of many studies to show this quality of the technique. In this review, we aimed to summarize all the studies, which have been performed up to now to approve MUNIX reproducibility in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis comparing healthy individuals.
Role of dimethyl fumarate in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: A review article
Authors: Ahmadi-Beni1 Reza , Najafi Ali , Savar Seyed Mehrdad , Mohebbi Niayesh , Khoshnevisan Alireza
Published: October 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent malignant and aggressive primary brain tumor, is characterized by genetically unstable heterogeneous cells, diffused growth pattern, microvascular proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy. Extensive investigations are being carried out to identify the molecular origin of resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy in GBM and find novel targets for therapy to improve overall survival rate. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to be a safe drug with limited short and long-term side effects, and fumaric acid esters (FAEs), including DMF, present both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity in different cell types and tissues. DMF has also antitumoral and neuroprotective effects and so it could be repurposed in the treatment of this invasive tumor in the future. Here, we have reviewed DMF pharmacokinetics and different mechanisms by which DMF could have therapeutic effects on GBM.
Intractable headache with autonomic features after gamma knife radiosurgery: A case report
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza , Haghighi Samaneh , Motamedi Mahmood
Published: October 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Herbopathy-induced Cephalalgia: Remedy gone wrong
Authors: Mittal Ashima , Iliceto Alessandro , Yegneswaran Balaji
Published: October 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Mastectomy, a Leading Procedure Well-known in Persian Medicine
Authors: Aminian Ali , Zaboli Ehsan , Yousefi Seyede Sedighe
Published: October 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
A Survey on Ethnic Foods and Desserts of Mohr City in Fars
Authors: Badr Parmis , Khademian Sedigheh
Published: October 2019

Ethnic foods, a distinctive part of a cultural group or nation, have recently attracted scientists’ attention because of their potential health benefits. The city of Mohr in Fars province has an old record in history, dating back to periods of Achaemenids and Sasanids. To collect local data about ethnic foods and desserts of Mohr city, a questionnaire was designed and handed out to students of one high school. Thirty female students, familiar with the city culture and rituals, answered the questionnaire. The average age of respondents was 16.04 ± 0.84 years. The references were women in the families, mostly mothers. Thirteen desserts and fourteen types of food were extracted from questionnaires. Among local foods, Sorou, Sholak, Reshtakou, and Gevzeh were highly mentioned. Halva Khorma, Ranginak, Jollab, Caster, and Dishou had higher numbers among Mohr ethnic desserts. Using local products like date, fish, and wheat as food ingredients was more common. Recording old recipes and eating behaviors of ethnic groups are of great importance. For the next step, health benefits of these dishes are suggested to be deeply studied in further research.
Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus infectoria Gall and Its Active Constituent, Gallic Acid, against Vaginal Pathogens
Authors: Ardestani Mozhgan Mehri , Aliahmadi Atousa , Toliat Tayebeh , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Momeni Zohreh , Rahimi Roja
Published: October 2019

Vaginal infections are one of the most common reasons a woman visits a gynecologist. The increased resistance to conventional antibiotics is one of the main reasons for searching and developing new antimicrobial agents, especially those of natural origin. In traditional Persian medicine, the gall of Quercus infectoria has been claimed to eliminate vagina and cervix from excessive discharge. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria gall as well as its active constituent, gallic acid, against some vaginal pathogens. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria gall was obtained by maceration and standardized based on amount of gallic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this extract as well as its active compound, gallic acid, were determined against Candida spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results demonstrated remarkable activity of ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria gall against investigated pathogens with MIC and MBC in the range between 0.125 mg/ml and 16 mg/ml. The most inhibitory and bactericidal activity was observed on Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. The effects of gall dried ethanolic extract on Trichomonas vaginalis showed 100 % inhibition of the parasitic growth with concentration of 800 µg/ml after 24 h incubation. The antimicrobial and anti-trichomonas activity of extract was more than gallic acidIt seems that ethanolic extract of Quercus infectoria gall could inhibit the growth of vaginal pathogens. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of this natural extract in vaginitis.
A Review of the Gastrointestinal Causes of Infertility from the Perspective of Persian Medicine
Authors: noroozi Samane , Zarei Azadeh , Tabarrai Malihe
Published: October 2019

Infertility affects about 10-15% of couples in reproductive age, and puts a lot of economic burden on communities. Persian Medicine (PM) introduces perspectives on causes of infertility that can be useful in prevention and treatment of this common healthcare problem. Gastrointestinal problems are one of the causes of infertility based on PM literature. The purpose of this study was to collect evidence of gastrointestinal problems associated with infertility in conventional medicine, and ultimately compare the results with the viewpoints of PM. By reviewing literature on PM, we classified the digestive causes of infertility and then, by searching the keywords "infertility" and "gastrointestinal disorders" and symptoms such as, "dueodenal ulcer", "pepticulcer", "dyspepsia","fatty liver","maldigestion", "H. Pylori infection", "celiac", "inflammatory bowel disease", and "obesity" in databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science. Based on the review of the literature on PM, gastrointestinal causes of infertility include digestive failure, liver weakness, and inappropriate eating habits. There is also a growing scientific evidence of this connection in modern medicine. Attention to the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with infertility can help to treat unknown causes of infertility.
SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECT OF REALIZATION OF CIVIL CONTROL IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
Authors: V. Davtyan Dianna , V. Selyukov Maksim , N. Polukhin Oleg , A. Khripkov Kirill , M. Zaharov Viktor
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The backwardness of civil control in modern Russia is connected with a complex of the reasons of sociocultural character, including with specifics of the Russian traditions of public participation. It is proved that only collective forms of civil control relying on mobilization and use of the social capital of local communities can be the most effective in Russia.

Methodology: The complexity of a research was provided: first, studying of the various conditions influencing realization of principle of social justice, the analysis as the standard importance of value of justice in consciousness of the population and satisfaction with her realization in practice; secondly, complexity of methods of collecting primary information (mass poll, expert poll, secondary analysis of researches on this subject).

Result: However, owing to a crisis of confidence the social capital of municipal units and separate groups is minimum and a little demanded. The most important starter of civil control aspiration to justice as the realization of social justice usually doesn't contact inhabitants of local communities’ personal civil activity doesn't operate, or the stereotype dominates that such activity won't result in the expected results.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Sociocultural Aspect of Realization of Civil Control in Modern Russian Society is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
SOCIAL GUARANTEES OF THE STATUS OF DISABLED IN CONSTITUTIONAL TEXTS OF THE CIS COUNTRIES
Authors: V. Lebed Anna , V. Markhgeym Marina , A. Minasyan Anna , E. Novikova Alevtina , E. Tonkov Evgeniy
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose: In the article, based on the analysis of constitutional texts of CIS countries to reflect the social guarantees of persons with disabilities in them, the socially-guaranteeing and social-status models of such consolidation are identified.

Methodology: The research was based on a dialectical approach to the research of legal phenomena and processes using general scientific (system, logical, analysis and synthesis) and private scientific methods. Among them are formal legal, linguistic legal, comparative-legal, which were collectively used to study the constitutional texts of 12 post-Soviet countries in order to identify options, features, and models of securing social guarantees for persons with disabilities.

Result: The first model includes norms reflecting guarantees for the realization of socio-economic rights through the adoption of principles of a social state or through blanket norms (Georgia) and enshrining guarantees of socio-economic rights, including the right to social support and state assistance (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine). The second one implies the existence of norms on state support for both disabled people (Armenia, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan) and disabled children (Tajikistan). It was noted that with all the variety of approaches of this focus group of states, constitutional texts reinforce the imperative of social security for the rights of persons with disabilities.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Social Guarantees of the Status of Disabled in Constitutional Texts of the Cis Countries is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.