bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expertise, Local Knowledge, and the Construction of the Automobile as an Environmental Risk in Montreal, 1960s–70s
Authors: Poirier Valérie
Published: June 2020

Since its introduction in North America, the automobile has reshaped the economy, transformed the way people travelled around, changed urban landscapes, and been a powerful symbol of freedom, prosperity, and progress. Yet, in the 1960s and 1970s, this symbolism was seriously challenged. This article explores the process by which the car came to be perceived as an environmental risk in Montreal and the responses to manage this risk. It identifies two groups of social actors that were instrumental in shaping perceptions of the automobile as a risk – namely, municipal experts and an ensemble of five local environmental groups. Both actors believed that the environmental risks of the car were real dangers arising from modernity. While the municipal experts narrowly focused on the health risks of automobile pollution, which led to technical and technological solutions to reduce this risk, the environmental groups put forward a much broader critique of the place of the car in our culture, cognizant of the ways it magnified class, gender, and other inequalities. While they tried to transform the ways that we moved through cities, they also attempted to improve participatory democracy mechanisms to ensure the citizen’s right to participate in decisions that affected their environment. Hence, this article argues that the two groups’ vision of this risk and their responses were historically specific, in that each of them was anchored in, and shaped by, the groups’ knowledge, set of values, rationality, objectives, social position, and relation to power.
Projeto Engenharia De Trânsito: Robótica No Semáforo De Cruzamento.
Authors: Araújo Amilson , Silva Ivanderson Pereira da , Serra Kleber Cavalcanti
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho exploramos as potencialidades didáticas da robótica educacional para a construção de projetos interdisciplinares no contexto da educação básica. Trata-se de um relato de experiência interdisciplinar no qual se explorou, por meio da abordagem das Sequências de Ensino por Investigação (SEI), o uso de robôs na construção de semáforos temporizados de cruzamento (um para pedestres e um para carros). Essa proposta envolveu alunos do 1º, 2º e 3º anos do ensino médio, com idades entre 13 a 18 anos, da Escola Estadual Álvaro Paes, localizada na cidade de Coité do Nóia-AL. O projeto emergiu da iniciativa dos professores de Física e Matemática, em articulação com o Grupo Robótica da Rede Estadual de Alagoas, e nesse sentido tomou como tema gerador o conceito de cinemática. As atividades foram desenvolvidas aos sábados durante ano letivo de 2017. Como resultados, constatamos que essa experiência proporcionou aos alunos, por meio do trabalho colaborativo, entenderem a engenharia de execução dos semáforos de cruzamento; desenvolver e ma prática de programação dos semáforos; sentirem-se criativos, inovadores e capazes de desenvolver e melhorar dispositivos tecnológicos presentes em seu cotidiano.
Two Paradigmatic Views on Right-Wing Populism in East Germany
Authors: Rädel Jonas
Published: June 2020

In German public perceptions, right-wing populism is cast as a specifically east German problem. This article critically examines how this assumption is located within the debate on German unity. In order to clarify the sometimes-confusing arguments on German unification, two paradigmatic perspectives can be identified: German unity can be approached from a perspective of modernization, or through the lens of postcolonial critique. When it comes to right-wing populism in eastern Germany, the modernization paradigm suffers from a lack of understanding. Hence, the arguments of the postcolonial perspective must be taken seriously, particularly as the postcolonial reading can grasp the complex phenomenon of right-wing populism in east Germany, and prevent the discursive and geographic space of the region from being conquered by right-wing political actors.
A Silver Age? The German Economy since Reunification
Authors: Silvia Stephen J.
Published: June 2020

Since German unification, assessments of the German economy have swung from “sick man of the euro” in the early years to dominant hegemon of late. I argue that the German economy appears strong because of its recent positive performance in two politically salient areas: unemployment and the current account. A deeper assessment reveals, however, that German economic performance cannot be considered a second economic miracle, but is at best a mini miracle. The reduction in unemployment is an important achievement. That said, it was not the product of faster growth, but of sharing the same volume of work among more individuals. Germany’s current account surpluses are as much the result of weak domestic demand as of export prowess. Germany has also logged middling performances in recent years regarding growth, investment, productivity, and compensation. The article also reviews seven challenges Germany has faced since unification: financial transfers from west to east, the global financial crisis, the euro crisis, internal and external migration, demographics, climate change, and upheavals in the automobile industry. German policy-makers managed the first four challenges largely successfully. The latter three will be more difficult to tackle in the future.
Budget Support for Active Aging Processes in the Context of the Sustainability of Public Finances
Authors: Bilousovа O. S.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of budget support of active aging processes and sustainability of public finances of Ukraine. This problem is urgent because of the accelerating pace of demographic aging, cross-country migration, limited budgetary resources, which in their totality increase the burden on the younger generation, create financial risks for the government and households. This problem remains out of research focus in spite of the rising need to increase budget expenditures, maintain the long-term sustainability of public finances, enforce new regulatory measures on the labor market and the health care system, provide social and educational services, and reduce the poverty among the elderly. New approaches to citizen support should be in line with the European norms, which, in their totality, contribute to the active longevity of the population, reduction of the tax burden, relief of the pressure on the next generations and continuity between generations.
The financial support of social services provided to the elderly is analyzed, with identifying its problematic aspects. In order to improve approaches to financing social services, a Matrix of Choice of Social Services for Active Aging and Forms of Financing is constructed. To expand the sources of funding for active aging processes, it is proposed to introduce co-financing of selected social projects by government and businesses.
It is substantiated that the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the provisions of the Active Aging Strategy, should be consistent and taken into consideration in formulating social and budgetary policies that need to be based on the targets of the Active Aging Index.
In order to implement the budget mechanism “money goes after a person”, aimed to enhance the targeting of social assistance programs, amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine, the Economic Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine “On social services”, “On improving the accessibility and quality of health care in rural areas” are proposed. Recommendations on using the compensatory mechanisms to enhance the ability of the government to provide the adequate financial support for active aging without breaking the sustainability of public finances are elaborated.
Development of Research e-Infrastructure in Ukraine: Creation of the National Repository of Academic Texts
Authors: Chmyr O. S.
Published: June 2020

Issues of developing e-infrastructures and research data storages are investigated in the context of digitalization processes. The present-day scientific literature has great many publications on technical, legal and organizational issues of repository creation, reviews of relevant practices in various countries, descriptions of new services, assessment of the open access effectiveness etc. However, scientific, methodological and practical aspects of creating the national Ukrainian archive of scientific and education information are for the most part overlooked. The article proposes a review of crucial components in the e-infrastructure of EU like EOSC and OpenAIRE, with outlining their objectives, general characteristics and phases of creation. It is important because the course on integration in the European Union, formulated in the strategic documents of Ukraine, involves the development of the Ukrainian eco-system of research, education and innovation in compliance with the European standards. A brief review of data about the performance and dynamics of repositories across the world is made with emphasis on their structure, country of location, software and sectoral profile. Data on the number of institutional repositories in Ukraine and their availability in domestic higher education establishments are presented. The need for developing a system of information repositories and creating the National Repository of Academic Texts is justified in view of the data demonstrating the existing research and education capacities in Ukraine. The key characteristics of the National Repository are described: its contents, functionality, goal, objectives, structure, phases of creation, development prospects. Their relevance to the tasks set in the Action Program of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on line of the objectives 1.4 and 1.5 of the Ministry for Education and Sciences of Ukraine is shown. NRAT has to be a really demanded and very useful resource capable of making the research sector transparent and accessible, notably accelerating exchange of research and education information, stimulating scientific progress and innovation activity in Ukraine. This will make the research financing more effective.
In Memory of Zemstvo Statisticians
Authors: Halytska E. V.
Published: June 2020

Земська статистика – незвичайний і надзвичайно важливий етап в історії розвитку статистичної науки. На теренах України особлива роль належить чернігівській земській статистиці, відомій в історії науки як “чернігівський тип” земської статистики. За виразом дослідників історії статистики, незважаючи на те, що інші земства раніше проводили окремі статистичні дослідження (Херсонське – в 1869 р.), у Чернігівському земстві питання щодо статистико-економічних досліджень одразу ( з 1875 р.) було поставлено на тверду наукову основу, з розробкою спеціального статистичного апарату. Основоположниками “чернігівського типу” земської статистики були Петро Петрович Червінський (1849–1931), Олександр Олександрович Русов (1847–1915), Василь Єгорович Варзар (1851–1940) та Олександр Полікарпович Шлікевич (1849–1909).
The Motivation of Diplomatic Switch of Selected States Newly Recognizing China Within the China-Taiwan Rivalry
Authors: Rod Zdeněk , Himmer Michal
Published: June 2020

The recent considerable loss of many of Taiwan’s diplomatic allies remainsunchanged. The authors of the article focus on the period between 2016and 2018, when the People’s Republic of China (PRC) established itsdiplomatic ties with Taiwan’s former allies such as Gambia, Burkina Faso,the Dominican Republic, Panama, São Tomé and Príncipe and El Salvador.The aim is to explore whether the diplomatic transition was the outcome ofdollar diplomacy alone, or if there were further motivations influencing therecognition process. The diplomatic overturn was analysed within six casestudies with a specific focus on the non-economic motivations. Inconclusion, the authors found out that the examined cases are di!erentfrom each other – in terms of not only the motivations themselves but alsothe ‘levels’ of these motivations. In most of the cases, it was possible todetect at least one significant non-economic motivation for the diplomaticswitch.
Analisis Implementasi Islamic Store Attributes dan Bauran Pemasaran dalam Perspektif Islam (Survey pada La-Tansa Gontor Departement Store Ponorogo)
Authors: Kurniawan Dhika Amalia , Fajri Faisal Setiawan
Published: June 2020

Abstrak

This arrangement aims to find out the Implementation of Islamic store attributes and marketing mix from Islamic perspective at La-Tansa Gontor Department Store. Implementation of Islamic store attributes and marketing mix from the Islamic perspective in the store is highly recommended that Muslim business people still maintain the norms of religion in business and establish a business strategy in accordance with Islamic Shari'a. La-Tansa Gontor Departement Store is one business unit owned by Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding School which aims to get the profit used for development and meet all the needs of Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding School. In addition, the establishment of La-Tansa Gontor aims for educational means for teachers of Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding School and as a means of dakwah for the employees and the community. This arrangement raises the formulation of the problem: does La-Tansa Gontor Department Store have implemented Islamic Store Attributes and marketing mix from Islamic perspective? With a qualitative approach, data collection with observation, interview and documentation techniques. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis technique with the aim to describe the data that researcher collect about Implementation of Islamic store attributes and marketing mix from Islamic perspective in La-Tansa Gontor Department Store.
Analisis Penetapan Nilai Pengganti Wajar dalam Pengadaan Tanah untuk Kepentingan Umum di Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Dulmuzi Dulmuzi , Sinulingga Sukaria , Pujangkoro Sugiharto
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini berjudul Analisis penetapan nilai pengganti wajar dalam  pembebasan tanah untuk kepentingan umum di Kota  Lhokseumawe (Studi Kasus Pembuatan Jalur Rel Kereta Api Di Kecamatan Muara Dua Kota Lhokseumawe).

Pembangunan suatu wilayah di Indonesia saat ini dilatarbelakangi terbatasnya ketersediaan dan daya tampung tanah untuk pembangunan yang diakibatkan oleh pertumbuhan dan distribusi penduduk. Disamping semakin meningkatnya kegiatan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat wilayah yang tercermin dalam bentuk perluasan ruang wilayah meningkat pula. Dimana diperlukan penggunaan tanah yang menyangkut kepemilikan masyarakat. Penetapan nilai pengganti wajar dalam  pembebasan tanah untuk kepentingan umum di Kota  Lhokseumawe dilakukan oleh tim appraisal dengan memperhatikan nilai fisik dan nilai non fisik sesuai dengan UU No 2 tathun 2012 dan Standar Penilaian Indonesia. Hambatan-hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pemberian ganti kerugian dalam pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan rel kereta api Kota Lhokseumawe  adalah hambatan yang berasal dari masyarakat pemegang hak atas tanah, bangunan dan tanaman serta benda-benda yang berkaitan dengan tanah adalah kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk berperan serta dalam pembangunan dan kurang pemahaman terhadap arti kepentingan umum, fungsi sosial hak atas tanah, akibat kurangnya pemahaman mengenai rencana dan tujuan pembangunan proyek tersebut yang sebelumnya telah dilakukan penjelasan dan penyuluhan dari Panitia PengadaanTanah untuk pembangunan rel kereta api Kota Lhokseumawe.Masih ada saja masyarakat yang merasa kurang puas, terutama mengenai nilai pasar tanah, hal ini dikarenakan masyarakat beranggapan bahwa tanah mereka sama dengan tanah yang lain kenapa nilai pasar tanahnya berbeda.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Jiwa Kewirausahaan Pegawai Bank Perkreditan Rakyat
Authors: Sofyan Mohammad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Education and Training, Professionalism, Work Experience, Leadership, and Work Environment on Employee Entrepreneurship. The sample used in this study were 237 respondents from 15 Rural Banks in Bogor Regency and City. Based on the results of the structural equation model, only Professionalism and the Work Environment have a significant effect on the Entrepreneurship of rural banks Employees
Penerapan Sanksi Denda pada Pembiayaan Bai’ Bitsaman Ajil di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Pahlawan Tulungagung atas Keterlambatan dalam Pembayaran Angsuran
Authors: Albanjari Fatkhur Rohman , Subagyo Rokhmat
Published: June 2020

This research aims to know us applying sanctions and penalty on financing ' bai bitsaman ajil at the BMT Pahlawan Tulungagung for the delay in payment of the installments. The author's methods of research conducted in this study using a qualitative approach. As for the type of research is descriptive, meaning that the data collected is in the form of words, images, and not the numbers. The results showed that the application of fines in BMT Pahlawan Tulungagung is in compliance with the Shariah Board Fatwa of the national assemblies of scholars of Indonesia No. 17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000. In its application of fines charged to borrowers who can afford but procrastinate the payout as well as clients who do not have good faith to settle the payment.
Bagaimana Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Secara Efektif?
Authors: Yogatama Ahmad Nizar , Mudhawati Wulan Alik
Published: June 2020

Batubara saat ini adalah salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang dibutuhkan sehingga perkembangan bisnis melalui efektivitas kinerja karyawan bagian produksi menjadi suatu keharusan. Salah satu tulang punggung bagian produksi pada salah satu perusahaan batubara yaitu PT. Karunia Wahana Nusa Job Site Bengalon adalah driver. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana meningkatkan kinerja karyawan yaitu driver melalui gaya kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja fisik menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu partial least square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja karyawan yaitu driver tidak ditentukan oleh gaya kepemimpinan maupun lingkungan kerja fisik karena sebaiknya antara gaya kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja fisik harus disesuaikan dengan pola pekerjaan karyawan sebagai pengambil keputusan atau tidak.
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Sebelum dan Sesudah Pengalokasian Dana Desa
Authors: Jatmiko Udik
Published: June 2020

Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat berbasis kearifan lokal sebelum dan sesudah adanya pengalokasian Dana Desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif komparatif dengan populasi sebanyak 67 pelaku usaha, sedangkan sampel ditentukan sebanyak 32 pelaku usaha dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Paired Sample t Test. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Secara empiris hasil penelitian yang menyatakan pemberdayaan ekonomi berbasis kearifan lokal sebelum pengalokasian Dana Desa berbeda secara signifikan dengan pemberdayaan ekonomi berbasis kearifan lokal sesudah adanya Dana Desa.
COMPARISON OF CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT PEOPLE
Authors: Jawahirani Anil , Manakshe Gajendra
Published: June 2020

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, and at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese. Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer that are some of the leading causes of preventable, premature death.

Aim: comparison of cardiovascular parameters between obese and normal individual.

Material and Methods: His prospective study was carried out in the Dept. of Medicine (Cardiology) at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of medical Sciences, Sawangi Meghe Wardha.

Results: A total of 400 participants were included in the study of which 200 were obese and 200 were non obese subject.

Conclusion: The present paper has shown the correlation between body mass index and cardiovascular parameters among obese and non-obese. The mean body mass index is greater in obese male than obese female. The strong association of obesity with cardiovascular disease necessitates the importance of prevention and control of obesity and it should begin in early child hood also proper diet and regular medical check-up should be carried out to cope up with the problem of obesity.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, Obese, BMI.
TO COMPARE GAVAGE, CUP AND PALADY FEEDING METHODS IN TERMS OF ECONOMY IN PRETERM NEWBORN
Authors: Tak Kapil Kumar , Dhaker Mukesh Kumar , Singh Anurag
Published: June 2020

Background: UNICEF and WHO recommended that children be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life. Breast milk is uncontaminated and contains all nutrients necessary for children in the first few months of life.

Methods: This randomized control trial conducted at Umaid hospital, attached to Dr. S.N Medical College, Jodhpur. All preterm neonates with a gestational age between 30 to 34 weeks as defined below were included in the study after a written informed consent. A total of 100 neonates, those meeting the inclusion criteria were taken in the study.  These neonates were randomized into four groups – NG group, OG group, Palady group, and Cup group by block randomization comprising of 25 neonates each.

Results- The mean expenditure in NG, OG, PALADY and CUP groups were 15427±10317 Rs., 17065±6807 Rs., 9231±1790 Rs. and 7319±1657 Rs. respectively. The difference was statistically significant for NG vs PALADY, NG vs CUP, OG vs PALADY, OG vs CUP and PALADY vs CUP.

Conclusion: we conclude that feeding in preterm low birth weight neonates who cannot breast feed is best achieved by cup which was found to be the most economical method. Neonates on cup feeding required less expertise. Once mastered under supervision, cup feeding can be used independently in-home setting and in remote areas with less technical manpower at hand.

Keywords: Feeding, Cup, Palady, OG.
ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION FOR RESPIRATORY ILLNESS AND ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS AS COMPLEMENT TREATMENT FOR COVID-19
Authors: Murugaiah Chandrika
Published: June 2020

An outbreak of atypical pneumonia by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been reported in Wuhan, China since December, 2019. It is a severe respiratory illness with many other symptoms such as gastroenteritis. Clinical trials has proved that  Zn is a promising supplement that can ease of cough, fever and vomiting, dysentery, respiratory illness, diarrhea duration and recovery, duration of hospitalization and morbidity. This article suggests a potential role, which should be considered in the clinical management, and safeness for Zn supplementation for respiratory illness and acute gastroenteritis as compliment treatment for covid-19.
RISK FACTORS OF COVID 19 TRANSMISSION IN CHOLERA ENDEMIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Murugaiah Chandrika
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing deaths, illnesses and economic despair. The least developed countries have limited or lack of medicine, ventilators, beds, water electricity, availability of doctors’ service for a large population and facing challenges to handle the economic fallout of the crisis. Cholera patients are more likely to reside in a slum, and this triggers worries with higher infection and spread chances if they were to be contracted with coronavirus.  Decrease maternal education and reduce family income could increase cholera risk in rural children. Low Socioeconomic status, clean water supply and limited healthcare facilities may pose risks of covid spread. Should an awareness and knowledge of covid 19 in cholera endemic setting is developed, it is the residents of poor nation that stand to benefit the most.
THE “LASEPRF”- LASER TREATED PRF FOR TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE GINGIVAL RECESSIONS - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Keerthi.K.L  , P.Aravind Kumar  , M. Narendra Babu  , K.Raviraj
Published: June 2020

Treatment of gingival recession has become an important therapeutic issue due to increasing cosmetic demand. Multiple surgical procedures have been developed to obtain predictable esthetic root coverage.. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has biostimulative effect on platelets by inducing platelet degranulation. Therefore, it can be possible that the use of Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) treated with LLLT could help in increasing the concentration of growth factors in the wound healing, thus accelerates healing process. This paper reports the use of PRF treated with laser for root coverage on the labial surfaces of the maxillary right teeth.

Keywords: Low level laser therapy (LLLT), Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), Modified VISTA technique.
A responsabilidade do sócio não administrador na sociedade limitada com fundamento no dever de fiscalizar as atividades do administrador
Authors: Júnior Paulo De Souza , Fauth Gabriela
Published: June 2020

Este estudo objetiva averiguar a aplicação da Teoria da Desconsideração Jurídica em face do sócio não administrador de sociedade limitada, analisando a possibilidade (ou não) de execução de bens de sócio que não exerce a administração da empresa. A pesquisa se classifica como dedutiva e comparativa pautada na revisão bibliográfica e documental. Aborda-se, brevemente, as peculiaridades das sociedades limitadas, identificando, ainda, suas principais características e aspectos relativos à sua administração, tratando, nesse âmbito, a problemática da responsabilização do sócio não administrador segundo a doutrina e jurisprudência brasileira. Os principais resultados auferem que, em tese, o sócio não administrador não pode ser responsabilizado por dívidas sociais, até porque a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica é medida excepcional. Porém, como se demonstrou, caso haja abuso no uso da pessoa jurídica, não apenas o administrador responderá, mas também os demais sócios. Contudo, tal análise demandará atenta verificação dos fatos no caso concreto, sendo somente assim que se poderão reunir elementos para justificar a responsabilização (ou não) do sócio que não exerce cargo de administração na sociedade limitada.
Menggeser Paradigma Kontra terhadap Kriminalisasi Pemerkosaan dalam Rumah Tangga
Authors: Siburian Riskyanti Juniver
Published: June 2020

Marital Rape adalah pemaksaan hubungan seksual dalam rumah tangga, di mana antara pelaku dan korban terdapat ikatan perkawinan. Isu marital rape dianggap tabu sehingga muncul pro-kontra mengenai intervensi negara dalam mengkriminalisasi perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan unsur perkawinan sebagai bagian tindak pidana pemaksaan hubungan seksual (perkosaan) berdasarkan hukum pidana materiil di Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui dasar teoritis dan yuridis penerimaan kriminalisasi marital rape. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Pada awalnya hukum pidana Indonesia tidak memaknai pemaksaan hubungan seksual pada korban dan pelaku yang memiliki ikatan perkawinan sebagai perkosaan (Pasal 284 KUHP). Muatan mengenai pemaksaan hubungan seksual dalam ranah perkawinan mulai diatur sebagai tindak pidana dalamPasal 46 jo. Pasal 8 huruf a UU-PKDRT dan Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual. (2) Penerimaan kriminalisasi marital rape diawali munculnya pemikiran feminist yang menggeser perspektif lama mengenai anggapan perempuan harus memenuhi “right to sex” suami akibat adanya contract of marriage, pandangan istri adalah “hak milik” (property) suami, serta perspektif critical feminism criminology yang menyebutkan wanita dalam ikatan perkawinan cenderung menjadi korban kejahatan. Negara perlu memberikan perlindungan melalui sanksi pidana karena pemaksaan hubungan seksual dalam bentuk apapun menyalahi hak asasi sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 28G UUD RI 1945.
Особливості реформування українського парламенту
Authors: Irkliienko A. І.
Published: June 2020

Метою статті є детальний аналіз особливостей реформування Верховної Ради України в сучасних реаліях.
Наукова новизна полягає у дослідженні шляхів реформування українського парламенту в умовах формування конституційної демократії, вивчення його ролі в системі державної влади України.
Висновки. Одним із головних напрямків змін у нашій державі є парламентська реформа, що передбачає посилення інституційної спроможності Верховної Ради України та забезпечення реалізації її основних функцій: законодавчої, контрольної та представницької. Завданням парламентської реформи в Україні є не тільки побудова раціональної системи законодавчої діяльності, формування оптимальної структури Верховної Ради України як єдиного органу законодавчої влади, єдиного представницького органу Українського народу, а й удосконалення його правового статусу. Під час парламентської реформи має бути розв’язане широке коло питань, пов’язаних зі становленням Верховної Ради України, передусім як професійного парламенту. Водночас, слід займатися і створенням науково обґрунтованої комплексної системи управління законодавчим процесом, яка забезпечувала б планомірність, послідовність і системність у здійсненні законодавчої діяльності в Україні.
У лютому 2016 року Європейською комісією була запропонована «Дорожня Карта реформ щодо внутрішньої реформи та підвищення інституційної спроможності Верховної Ради України». Цей документ містить рекомендації щодо реформування українського парламенту, метою яких є вирішення вищенаведених проблем, підвищення якості законів, забезпечення прозорості та відкритості ВР України, дотримання народними депутатами етичних норм і стандартів та підвищення рівня адміністративної спроможності парламенту.
Ефективність виконання зазначених напрямків безпосередньо вплине на якість законодавства, дієвість контролю за імплементацією законів та представництво інтересів як загалом держави, так і безпосередньо конкретних виборців.
Правове регулювання технологій штучного інтелекту: теоретико-прикладні та етичні засади
Authors: Onyshchuk I. I.
Published: June 2020

Мета статті полягає в здійсненні аналізу правового регулювання суспільних відносин, що виникають у зв’язку з розвитком технологій штучного інтелекту.

Наукова новизна. У статті висвітлюються теоретико-правові та етичні засади правового регулювання технологій штучного інтелекту. Поставлені питання правового погляду на штучний інтелект, зокрема його співвідношення з правами людини та правом інтелектуальної власності.

Висновки. Технології штучного інтелекту дуже швидко розвиваються, єдині підходи до оцінки ризиків, пов’язаних з їх використанням, відсутні. Необхідно сформувати міждисциплінарний підхід до вивчення економічних, правових, політичних і соціальних аспектів застосування технологій штучного інтелекту.

Питання, пов’язані з появою штучного інтелекту, мають не стільки правовий, скільки філософський характер: як сконструювати цей інтелект таким чином, щоб жодна група людей не зуміла отримати з його допомогою переваги над іншими людьми, і щоб штучний інтелект не спрямував свою силу проти людства, а навпаки – використовувався на його благо.

На даному етапі правове регулювання в сфері використання технологій і юнітів штучного інтелекту знаходиться на стадії становлення та початкового розвитку. Ще зарано говорити про досягнення в практичній реалізації конкретних комплексних заходів, спрямованих на забезпечення поваги прав людини. Зараз подібного роду заходи приймаються, в основному, в сфері захисту конфіденційності особистих даних.

Необхідно заохочувати нові форми регулювання, щоб сприяти прозорості та дотриманню етичних принципів, правових парадигм та освітніх дій, особливо щодо новітніх технологій, які потенційно можуть порушувати права людини.
Реформування державного управління в Україні: від стратегії до практики
Authors: Zelinskyi S. E.
Published: June 2020

Анотація

Сьогодні є очевидним той факт, що без підвищення соціальної ефективності та результативності державного управління неможливо побудувати сучасну економіку, сформувати справедливі суспільні відносини, вийти на новий рівень якості життя населення, досягти зростання авторитету будь-якої країни в сучасному світі. Тому реформування системи державного управління в Україні є ключовим фактором модернізації управлінської діяльності та розвитку інституційних засад державності.

Метою статті є дослідження і аналіз результатів виконання завдань і напрямів реформування системи державного управління в Україні та формування певних їх оцінок через різні показники та індикатори.

Наукова новизна. Розглянуто способи оцінювання завдань Стратегії реформування державного управління на основі аналізу даних досліджень експертів та опитувань державних службовців.

Висновки. З 2016 року в Україні відбувається реформа державного управління відповідно до завдань затвердженої «Стратегії реформування державного управління України на 2016–2020 роки». При цьому практичними напрямами цієї Стратегії, які заслуговують на увагу, є: «Державна служба та управління людськими ресурсами» і «Надання адміністративних послуг та адміністративна процедура». Важливо відзначити, що оцінки експертів та державних службовців співпадають за багатьма показниками щодо завдань Стратегії. Як завжди, залишається велике питання до показника «Справедливість і конкурентоспроможність системи оплати праці державних службовців», яке так і не вирішене. При подальшій реалізації завдань Стратегії мали би бути залучені представники освітніх та наукових установ і науковці галузі знань «Публічне управління та адміністрування».
Удосконалення механізмів парламентського контролю за діяльністю спецслужб в Україні як складова демократизації та реформування владних інститутів
Authors: Myshchak I. M.
Published: June 2020

Метою статті є аналіз правових механізмів парламентського контролю за діяльністю спецслужб в Україні у контексті дискусії щодо доцільності створення спеціального контрольного комітету Верховної Ради України.

Наукова новизна у контексті дискусії про необхідність створення спеціального парламентського комітету, який і повинен здійснювати контроль за діяльністю спеціальних служб в Україні, полягає в обґрунтуванні невідповідності самого підходу щодо створення окремого парламентського контрольного комітету за діяльністю спецслужб Конституції й законам України.

Висновки. Чинне законодавство України передбачає механізми контролю держави та суспільства за діяльністю спецслужб і правоохоронних органів спеціального призначення, які реалізовані в повноваженнях Верховної Ради, її Уповноваженого з прав людини й Рахункової палати, а також діяльності судової гілки влади. Водночас в Україні, на відміну від США, Великої Британії чи сусідньої Польщі, Конституція й інші законодавчі акти визначають парламентський контроль у нерозривному зв’язку законодавчої та контрольної функцій Верховної Ради України, а контрольна функція парламентських комітетів не розглядається відокремлено від інших функцій. Такий підхід посилюється правовою позицією Конституційного Суду України, за якою комітети не є самостійними суб’єктами парламентського контролю. Як наслідок, не створено спеціальних парламентських комітетів із функціями контролю за діяльністю спеціальних органів і служб, як і не забезпечується належним чином інформування суспільства з боку Верховної Ради чи Президента про діяльність спецслужб щодо протидії загрозам національної безпеки. Такий підхід скоріше диктується не потребами забезпечення таємності, а усталеною ще з радянських часів практикою та нерозвиненістю інститутів громадського контролю в цілому. Разом із тим посилення громадського контролю за діяльністю спецслужб можливе і в рамках чинного законодавства. Видається за доцільне оприлюднювати щорічний звіт голови СБУ в частині, що не містить таємної інформації, а також законодавчі ініціативи та кроки парламенту, прийняті за результатами такого звіту. Подібне інформування й ознайомлення суспільства з результатами діяльності спеціальних органів і служб не лише сприятиме реалізації на практиці прав і свобод людини та громадянина, а й підвищенню рівня довіри громадян до них та владних інститутів загалом. Водночас створення комітету/комітетів Верховної Ради України з функціями виключно контролю за діяльністю спецслужб і спеціальних органів держави суперечить нормам Конституції України.
Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Terhadap Kredit Macet Bank
Authors: Yustiana Yustiana
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the execution of mortgage rights if a bad credit occurs at Sengkang BRI Bank and also to determine the factors that influence if the execution of a non-performing loan mortgage is not implemented. Data collection methods used were interviews and literature study, then the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the execution of mortgage rights in the case of bad credit at Bank BRI Sengkang was not yet effective. This is due to frequent negligence on the part of the Bank concerned in the procedure for credit disbursement, especially in credit agreements involving third parties. The factors that influence the execution of the mortgage are creditor and debtor factors. As long as there is an agreement between the two parties, there is a possibility that there will be no execution of the mortgage rights and if the execution is there the implementation will be carried out by peaceful execution. 

Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui eksekusi terhadap hak tanggungan bila terjadi terjadi kredit macet di Bank BRI Sengkang dan juga untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi bila tidak dilaksanakannya eksekusi hak tanggungan kredit macet. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi kepustakaan, kemudian data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksekusi terhadap hak tanggungan bagi kasus kredit macet di Bank BRI Sengkang sebagian belum efektif. Hal ini disebabkan sering adanya kelalaian dipihak Bank yang bersangkutan dalam prosedur pencairan kredit, utamanya pada perjanjian kredit yang melibatkan pihak ketiga. Adapun faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan eksekusi pada hak tanggungan adalah faktor kreditor dan debitor. Sepanjang ada kesepakatan antara kedua belah pihak, maka kemungkinan tidak akan terjadi eksekusi hak tanggungan dan kalaupun eksekusi itu ada maka pelaksanaannya akan ditempuh dengan cara eksekusi damai.
Seminoma in an adult striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba: tomographic, macroscopical, histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Diaz-Santana PJ , Súarez-Santana CM , Fernández A , Rambaldi A , Consoli F , Puig-Lozano R , Sierra E , Sierra E , Arbelo M
Published: June 2020

Testicular neoplasms have been extensively described and characterized in domestic animals, but reports in wildlife species, including marine mammals, are scarce. This case report describes a testicular seminoma in an adult striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba stranded along the coasts of the Canary Islands. Post-mortem computerized tomography (CT) showed a prominent enlargement of the cranial pole of the right testicle, displacing the intestinal loops. Necropsy gross findings confirmed the presence of a testicular mass, bulging at the cut surface, with multiple well-delimitated whitish nodular lesions. Histologically, intratubular and diffuse neoplastic germinative cell proliferation was described. Complementary immunohistochemical assessments for vimentin and CD117 antibodies were negative. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first seminoma described in a S. coeruleoalba. We suggest that post-mortem (PM) pre-necropsy CT in dolphins is a useful tool for anatomic-guided pathology in such cases.
Presenting vertebral deformities in bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus calves from a protected population in northeast Scotland
Authors: Robinson KP , Haskins GN , Eisfeld-Pierantonio SM , Sidiropoulos T , Bamford CCG
Published: June 2020

Photographs collected during a 23 yr photo-identification study in the Moray Firth were examined to assess the prevalence, type and severity of vertebral deformations present in bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus calves. Fifteen cases of presenting spinal anomalies (scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis and combinations thereof) of variable severity were identified in 7.4% of all known calves from the population. Thirteen of the 15 anomalies were either manifest from birth or acquired from an early age, as ascertained from longitudinal sightings histories of their mothers. Most afflicted calves died during early development or shortly after maternal separation. However, 3 survived to adulthood and persist in the population to date, in addition to 2 dependent infants whose fate remains to be established. At 15+ yr of age, the oldest surviving individual was remarkably one of the most severe cases identified, highlighting the ability of these delphinids for adaptation to such gross structural deformities. The aetiology of the observed conditions could be attributed to a range of causative factors that may have implications for the well-being and health of this North Sea coastal dolphin population, a topic which merits further investigation.
‘Doğu Sorunu’ ve ‘Sosyal Adalet:’ Talebi Bağlamında Alman Radikal Solu ve PDS (1990-2007)
Authors: ARSLANTAŞ Şenol , ARSLANTAŞ Düzgün
Published: June 2020

SSCB sonrası dönemde Avrupa siyasetinin temel karakteristiklerinin başında, komünist partilerin yok olması yer almaktadır. Bu süreçte Batı ve Doğu Avrupa’da yer alan birçok eski komünist parti, farklı isimler altında yeniden kurulmuş; ancak aynı zamanda farklı ideolojileri ve örgütsel modelleri benimseyen bu partilerin pek azı parti sistemlerinde istikrarlı aktörler halini almıştır. Bu bağlamda yeniden birleşen Almanya’da SED’in halefi olan PDS, radikal biçimde değişen ulusal ve uluslararası koşullara rağmen hayatta kalmayı başararak bu konuda istisnai bir örnek teşkil etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, PDS’nin evrimi, yapısal politik ekonomik koşullar, toplumsal hareketlilik ve toplumsal protesto dinamikleri ile politik kurumsal koşullar açısından analiz edilmektedir. Araştırmada, Alman birleşmesinin eşitsiz doğası ile SPD’nin Neue Mitte yaklaşımını benimseyerek sosyal adalet talebine yabancılaşmasının toplumsal memnuniyetsizliği tetiklediği ve böylecesiyasi değişime kapı araladığı savunulmaktadır. Bu koşullar altında PDS, sosyal adalet ilkesine dayanan alternatif popülist sol söylem ve programla memnuniyetsiz sosyal demokrat seçmenlerin desteğini almayı başarmış ve ardından WASG’la kurduğu sol ittifakla seçimlerde atılım dönemine girmiştir.
Law on National Personal Autonomy as part of the Сonstitution of Ukrainian People’s Republic: history of creation : on history of creation
Authors: Anastasiia Ivanova
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The article reconstructs the process of drafting the law of UPR "On National-Personal Autonomy" as part of the Constitution of UNR in 1918. The history of drafting the text of the bill, its discussion and adoption is considered. Particular attention is paid to the authorship of the law on national and personal autonomy prepared by a special commission of the Vice-Secretariat of Jewish Affairs, composed of M. Zilberfarb, I. Ya. Khurgin and M. Shats-Anin.

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the history of the preparation of the law on national-personal autonomy. The author regards it as part of the Constitution of UNR. The author argues that the authorship of the law, and, this part of the Constitution of UNR, belongs to a separate commission consisting of representatives of the vice secretary for Jewish affairs chaired by Moses Zilberfarb.

Methods and results. The process of drafting the law, as well as its subsequent discussion and adoption, are discussed in detail. The most painful issues were the scope of the powers of the National Union and their right to collect taxes with a corresponding narrowing of the tax capacity of the state. The draft law was first considered by the Jewish National Council, then on December 19, 1917, by the General Secretariat. The Ukrainian Central Rada began considering the law on December 30, 1917, continued on January 2, 1918, and finally adopted it on January 9, 1918.

Despite the fact that some points of the law caused controversy between the factions, and some memoir sources mention the extremely negative perception of the members of the Central Election Commission represented at the session of the law at the level of the idea of national and personal autonomy, while voting on the law as a whole there was “no dissent” or “abstained”.

Conclusions. Such an approach allows to deepen the traditional interpretation of the law on national-personal autonomy as a testimony to the liberality of national policy of the Central Rada. The experience of drafting a law on national personal autonomy and its subsequent discussion and adoption demonstrates a successful combination of a deep professional approach and political thinking, an active position in the defense of their own interests - by Jewish politicians, and state thinking, the ability to compromise, uphold national state priorities through the involvement of national minorities as "allies" – by pro-Ukrainian politicians.

This combination is evidenced by the existence of a significant influence of the Jewish factor on the development of the legal system of the young Ukrainian republic. Along with the obvious dependence of Ukrainian Jewry on the decisions of the Ukrainian government, there is every reason to argue that there has been a noticeable reverse influence of Jewish politicians on Ukrainian law, and ultimately about the mutual influence of Ukrainian and Jewish factors in Ukrainian lawmaking 1917–1918.
International standards for sentencing a special subject of crime
Authors: A.V. Landina , O.M. Lysenko
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The issue of compliance of the principles of sentencing with international standards and their significance for the criminal responsibility of special subjects of crime has not been specifically considered in the theory of criminal law. But this issue should be reflected, because in the vast majority of criminal liability is brought to persons who are endowed, along with mandatory, special mandatory features.

The aim of the article. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the provisions of the criminal code of Ukraine that define the criminal responsibility of a special subject of crime correspond to the principles of sentencing, which are the embodiment of international standards for ensuring human rights, and how this is regulated at the level of national legislation.

Results. The methodology of this study is to analyze and summarize the scientific and theoretical material, as well as compare the norms of domestic and international legislation in the field of ensuring respect for human rights-a special subject of crime in criminal legislation.

International standards, which are mandatory and not Advisory in nature, are embodied in norms-principles that are fixed at the level of legislation. The main form of implementation of the law on criminal responsibility is sentencing by the court, so international legal standards are implemented in the form of sentencing principles that guarantee the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the subjects of crimes, including special ones. The principles of sentencing should include the principle of legality of punishment; the principle of certainty of punishment in a court sentence; the principle of expediency of punishment; the principle of justification and mandatory motivation of punishment in the sentence; the principle of justice of punishment; the principle of proportionality of punishment; the principle of humanity of punishment; the principle of individualization of punishment

Conclusions. The principles of sentencing embody provisions that oblige to take into account all essential features relating to the characteristics of the offender and the circumstances of the crime. Compliance with these principles and their clear regulation will help to improve the criminal responsibility of special subjects of crimes. Therefore, these principles should be clearly regulated in the criminal code of Ukraine. It is advisable to include the principle of proportionality (conformity) of punishment in the list of sentencing principles.

This study is not exhaustive and opens up the prospect of further research on this issue and improving domestic criminal legislation.