bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Headache in Women
Authors: Pavlović Jelena M.
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Women are greatly overrepresented among patients seeking treatment for symptoms of headache pain in general and migraine in particular. Understanding the presentation of headache in women in relation to hormonal changes both during the menstrual cycle and throughout the life span is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

RECENT FINDINGS

Although perimenstrual migraine attacks are generally without aura, the diagnosis of migraine with aura has been added to the headache classification for menstrual migraine to account for women with the diagnosis of migraine with aura who experience menstrual migraine attacks. Emerging knowledge regarding the differences between menstrual and nonmenstrual attacks, the variability of attack triggering within and between women, and the response of women with menstrually related migraine to new migraine drug classes is contributing to better understanding and more effective treatment of these particularly burdensome and refractory attacks. Given the burden of migraine, almost one-fourth of women with migraine avoid or delay pregnancy. Women who experience migraine during pregnancy are more likely to have a hypertensive disorder and stroke during pregnancy and/or delivery and the postpartum period. Treatment of headache in general and migraine in particular in pregnancy is challenging because of fetal and maternal risks; however, a 2021 systematic review suggests that triptans and low-dose aspirin may not be associated with fetal/child adverse effects and could be more strongly considered for headache treatment in pregnancy.

Headache in general and migraine in particular are extraordinarily common in women of reproductive age and fluctuate with hormonal changes and phases of life. Improved knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and response to treatment of perimenstrual attacks is essential for more effective response to this most burdensome headache type. Treatment of headache in pregnancy remains challenging.
Being and Becoming Anticolonial
Authors: Jacob Wilson Chacko
Published: May 2021

History has been difficult to dislodge from its colonial trajectory in spite of at least a half-century of post-Orientalist critique. Accordingly, a critical theory that is genuinely global in its lineaments is difficult to establish as practice without more decolonial histories of the modern world. This article thus moves on two fronts in order to meet the stated objectives of expanding the field of critical theory while tracking “untimely traditions” and the horizons they've drawn. It will offer a history of anticolonial practice that was simultaneously theorized within a distinct Islamic mystical tradition and against a globally emerging conception of state sovereignty (on which much of history writing wittingly or unwittingly concentrates). These political and intellectual histories converge around the biography of a nineteenth-century itinerant Sufi, Sayyid Fadl Ibn Alawi. The critical potentiality of this life will be extrapolated into the present by considering the death-defying horizons opened by the newly expanded repertoire available to a mystical tradition, which allows reflection on the anticolonial as an ontology refused and yet a promise. Finally, the article seeks to answer a question that was only treated partially in the author's recent book For God or Empire. Does the mysticism of this tradition devolve into apolitical practices, or does its survival and even proliferation compel a revisioning of emancipation in history and in theory?
The multiple facets of Cajal-Retzius neurons
Authors: Causeret Frédéric , Moreau Matthieu X. , Pierani Alessandra , Blanquie Oriane
Published: May 2021

Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRs) are among the first-born neurons in the developing cortex of reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. The peculiarity of CRs lies in the fact they are initially embedded into the immature neuronal network before being almost completely eliminated by cell death at the end of cortical development. CRs are best known for controlling the migration of glutamatergic neurons and the formation of cortical layers through the secretion of the glycoprotein reelin. However, they have been shown to play numerous additional key roles at many steps of cortical development, spanning from patterning and sizing functional areas to synaptogenesis. The use of genetic lineage tracing has allowed the discovery of their multiple ontogenetic origins, migratory routes, expression of molecular markers and death dynamics. Nowadays, single-cell technologies enable us to appreciate the molecular heterogeneity of CRs with an unprecedented resolution. In this Review, we discuss the morphological, electrophysiological, molecular and genetic criteria allowing the identification of CRs. We further expose the various sources, migration trajectories, developmental functions and death dynamics of CRs. Finally, we demonstrate how the analysis of public transcriptomic datasets allows extraction of the molecular signature of CRs throughout their transient life and consider their heterogeneity within and across species.
Persistent Political Engagement: Social Interactions and the Dynamics of Protest Movements
Authors: Bursztyn Leonardo , Cantoni Davide , Yang David Y. , Yuchtman Noam , Zhang Y. Jane
Published: May 2021

We study the causes of sustained participation in political movements. To identify the persistent effect of protest participation, we randomly indirectly incentivize Hong Kong university students into participation in an antiauthoritarian protest. To identify the role of social networks, we randomize this treatment’s intensity across major-cohort cells. We find that incentives to attend one protest within a political movement increase subsequent protest attendance but only when a sufficient fraction of an individual’s social network is also incentivized to attend the initial protest. One-time mobilization shocks have dynamic consequences, with mobilization at the social network level important for sustained political engagement. (JEL D72, D74, I23, Z13)
Information Validates the Prior: A Theorem on Bayesian Updating and Applications
Authors: Kartik Navin , Lee Frances Xu , Suen Wing
Published: May 2021

We develop a result on expected posteriors for Bayesians with heterogenous priors, dubbed information validates the prior (IVP). Under familiar ordering requirements, Anne expects a (Blackwell) more informative experiment to bring Bob’s posterior mean closer to Anne’s prior mean. We apply the result in two contexts of games of asymmetric information: voluntary testing or certification, and costly signaling or falsification. IVP can be used to determine how an agent’s behavior responds to additional exogenous or endogenous information. We discuss economic implications. (JEL C11, D82, D84)
Tätigkeitsbericht der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt für das Jahr 2006
Authors: Lassau Guido
Published: May 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2006.
Baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen im Jahr 2008
Authors: Badrutt Conradin , Jaggi Bernard , Merki Matthias , Ritzmann Hans , Tramèr Stephan
Published: May 2021

Im vorliegenden Bericht werden 12 baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen vorgestellt, die im Jahr 2008 und zwei davon 2009 abgeschlossen werden konnten.
Tätigkeitsbericht für das Jahr 2009
Authors: Lassau Guido
Published: May 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2009.
Tätigkeitsbericht für das Jahr 2010
Authors: Lassau Guido
Published: May 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2010.
Die Anfänge der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt
Authors: Helmig Guido
Published: May 2021

2012 blickte die Archäologische Bodenforschung auf 50 Jahre ihres Bestehens seit der Gründung im Jahr 1962 zurück. In dieser Zeit entwickelte sich die Bodenforschung von einem Einmann-Betrieb zu einer modernen Fachstelle für Archäologie, deren oberstes Ziel der nachhaltige Umgang mit dem archäologischen Erbe des Kantons Basel-Stadt ist.
Italischer Wein und spätlatènzeitliche Strassen
Authors: Lanzicher Andrea Francesco
Published: May 2021

Im Zentrum der Auswertung stehen die als Baumaterial sekundär in den spätlatènezeitlichen Strassenhorizonten des Münsterhügels eingebauten Amphorenscherben, die bei der Grabung am Münsterplatz 1»2 in den Jahren 2002 bis 2003 zum Vorschein kamen.

Das Potential dieser Fundstücke liegt nicht zuletzt in ihrer guten Stratifizierung – es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Amphoren nach ihrem Einbau im mit Branntkalk verbackenen Strassenkoffer nicht mehr weiter umgelagert worden sind – und dem einheitlichen Befundkontext, der in den bislang publizierten Amphoren-Stichproben vom Basler Münsterhügel nicht gegeben ist.
Fundchronik: Ausgrabungen und Funde im Jahr 2016
Authors: Allemann Martin , Bernasconi Marco , Bott Kati , Braun Ingmar M. , Fäh Jessica , Graber Simon , Spichtig Norbert , Steiner Susan
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt im Jahr 2016.
Prioritising key motivators and challenges influencing informal carers’ decisions for participating in randomised trials: An embedded Study Within A before and after Trial (SWAT 55)
Authors: Smith Valerie , Corry Margarita , Devane Declan , Treweek Shaun , Hunter Andrew , Grylka-Baeschlin Susanne , Hannon Kathleen
Published: May 2021

Background: Family members, or others, often assume the role of informal (unpaid) carers of people with chronic illnesses. Care-giving, however, can impact profoundly on the quality of life of carers and can cause carer worry, stress and guilt. Implementing interventions that positively affect the lives of carers is important; however, carers as a group are often difficult to reach. We embedded a study within a pilot-feasibility trial of a mindfulness based intervention to determine and prioritise the key motivators and challenges influencing informal carers’ decisions for participating in a trial.

Methods: We used a multi-method approach involving interviews with participants from a ‘host trial’ and data from systematic reviews to develop a survey that was distributed to informal carers in Ireland. The survey consisted of 28 motivator and 17 challenge statements. Participants rated how important they thought each statement was when deciding to take part in a trial on a 5-point Likert Scale. Mean scores and standard deviations were calculated for each statement and arranged in descending order to provide the priority lists.

Results: Thirty-six carers responded to the survey. Helping to create awareness about carers was the top ranked motivator, followed by four study design statements related to the time at which the study occurs, the study location, format of delivery and venue. The least important motivator related to how carers were invited to take part in a study. Difficulties in planning due to the caring role emerged as the most important challenge, followed by being unable to leave the care recipient on his/her own.

Conclusions: Insight into decision-making for research participation will assist trial developers tailor trial processes for informal carer populations. We recommend that trialists should consider these motivators and challenges when designing future trials involving informal carers so as to enhance trial feasibility and success.
In poetry, if meter has to help memory, it takes its time
Authors: Andreetta Sara , Soldatkina Oleksandra , Boboeva Vezha , Treves Alessandro
Published: May 2021

To test the idea that poetic meter emerged as a cognitive schema to aid verbal memory, we focused on classical Italian poetry and on three components of meter: rhyme, accent, and verse length. Meaningless poems were generated by introducing prosody-invariant non-words into passages from Dante’s Divina Commedia and Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. We then ablated rhymes, modified accent patterns, or altered the number of syllables. The resulting versions of each non-poem were presented to Italian native speakers, who were then asked to retrieve three target non-words. Surprisingly, we found that the integrity of Dante’s meter has no significant effect on memory performance. With Ariosto, instead, removing each component downgrades memory proportionally to its contribution to perceived metric plausibility. Counterintuitively, the fully metric versions required longer reaction times, implying that activating metric schemata involves a cognitive cost. Within schema theories, this finding provides evidence for high-level interactions between procedural and episodic memory.
Budget system of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ninalalova Fatima
Published: May 2021

The textbook describes the budget and the budget system of the Russian Federation, examines the composition and structure of budget revenues and expenditures at all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation, the features of the organization of the budget process in the Russian Federation, the content of budget federalism and inter-budget relations in the country, the features of the formation of state extra-budgetary funds, as well as the basics of the organization of budget and financial control in the country.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students, postgraduates, teachers of economic fields, as well as for researchers and practitioners dealing with problems of public finance and the financial system.
Materials science and technology of metallic, non-metallic and composite materials
Authors: Adaskin Anatoliy , Krasnovskiy Aleksandr , Tarasova Tat'yana
Published: May 2021

Book 1 of the textbook consists of two parts. Part I describes the structure of metallic, non-metallic, and composite materials. Technologies of production of metal materials are considered: metallurgical production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals; powder metallurgy; technologies of production of non-metallic materials: polymers, glass, graphite; technologies of production of composite materials, including semi-finished products-prepregs, premixes.
Part II is devoted to methods for studying the properties of materials. Metal materials, technologies of their hardening by thermal, chemical-thermal treatment, and plastic deformation are considered. The features of organic and inorganic nonmetallic materials, as well as the possibility of changing their properties, are given. Composite materials are widely covered, and the areas of their rational application are shown. Revised chapter 14, which deals with intelligent materials.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors and undergraduates studying in groups of training areas 15.00.00 "Mechanical Engineering" and 22.00.00 "Materials Technologies". It can be used for training graduate students of engineering specialties, as well as for advanced training of engineering and technical workers of machine-building enterprises.
Textile Materials Science: laboratory workshop
Authors: Shustov Yuriy , Kiryuhin Sergey , Davydov Aleksandr , Bulanov Yaroslav , Gorshkova Svetlana , Gridneva Tat'yana , Demokratova Elena , Kurdenkova Alla , Plehanova Svetlana , Chernysheva Galina
Published: May 2021

The main types of tests carried out in determining the characteristics of the structure of fibers, threads, webs, their mechanical and physical properties are considered.
The laboratory workshop is designed to assist students in self-preparation for performing, conducting laboratory work on textile materials science and preparing reports on them, as well as in choosing research areas that can be performed within the framework of a particular laboratory work.
The construction and content of the laboratory workshop meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation, the standard program of studying the course "Textile Materials Science" in higher educational institutions of the textile profile.
For students of higher educational institutions studying the discipline "Textile materials science".
Taxes and taxation: a workshop
Authors: Sidorova Elena , Boboshko Diana
Published: May 2021

The textbook implements a practice-oriented approach to the educational process. In addition to the tests, the workshop presents tasks of various levels of complexity, tasks for filling out tax returns and documents used in tax legal relations, and complex tasks.
It includes 17 topics, including: the tax system, the tax policy of the state; taxpayers, tax payers and tax agents as subjects of tax legal relations; state bodies involved in tax legal relations; accounting and reporting on taxes in tax inspections; tax administration; the system of customs payments in the Russian Federation; state duty.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of secondary vocational education institutions studying in the enlarged group of specialties 38.00.00 "Economics and Management".
La metáfora conceptual en los procesos de creación léxica de las lenguas de especialidad: el caso de la tonelería (francés-español)
Authors: Luque Janodet Francisco
Published: May 2021

La metáfora se postula como un elemento indispensable en la conceptualización de conceptos abstractos como los sentimientos, la vida o la muerte. No obstante, en las últimas décadas se ha dado cuenta de su eficacia en los procesos de denominación en las lenguas de especialidad. La metáfora terminológica, en este sentido, no solo permite denominar mediante una serie posibles semejanzas, sino servir como instrumento de comprensión en el público lego. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los procesos de conceptualización y de creación léxica a partir del estudio de las expresiones metafóricas y de los términos especializados de origen metafórico en el discurso de la tonelería. Dicho estudio, que parte de un corpus textual bilingüe francés-español, demuestra que los términos de origen antropomórfico son los más empleados en ambos idiomas, por lo cual la metáfora LA BARRICA ES UN SER VIVO es la más productiva en este caso, lo cual da cuenta de la importancia de la experiencia corporal humana en los procesos de conceptualización y denominación.
Gain-Loss Incentives and Physical Activity: The Role of Choice and Wearable Health Tools
Authors: Adjerid Idris , Loewenstein George , Purta Rachael , Striegel Aaron
Published: May 2021

Economic incentives are a promising approach for improving health behavior but have been limited by their short-lived benefits. In this manuscript, we examine whether coupling economic incentives with motivational tools provided by health wearables can address this limitation and drive longer-term changes in health behavior. We focus on “gain-loss” incentive schemes that offer both an economic reward for goal attainment and a penalty for failure to meet a goal. In an experiment conducted on individuals wearing Fitbit wearables, we find that gain-loss incentives can drive increases in physical activity but are limited by the element of choice. Specifically, we find modest and short-lived increases in physical activity for those provided the choice of gain-loss incentives. The subpar benefits for this group seem to emerge because those who benefit most from these schemes do not opt into them when they are voluntary. In contrast, we find significant and persistent increases in physical activity for those assigned (oftentimes against their preference) to the same gain-loss incentives. These individuals recorded ∼2,000 additional steps daily during the incentive period, and benefits persisted for six months after incentives ended. Critically, the persistent gains to this group were driven by individuals who also utilized the wearable’s goal-setting tool. Our results suggest that a novel approach toward motivating sustained changes in health behavior couples aggressive incentive schemes that jolt individuals out of their comfort zone in the short term with motivational tools built into health wearables that help individuals sustain healthy behavior after economic incentives end.

This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.
Competition and Agency Problems Within Banks: Evidence from Insider Lending
Authors: Girotti Mattia , Salvadè Federica
Published: May 2021

This paper studies whether greater competition can mitigate agency problems within banks. We measure the intensity of the agency conflict within a bank by the volume of loans that the bank lends to its insiders (e.g., executives). We first check that these loans are a form of private benefit. By exploiting interstate branching deregulation, we then show that banks react to greater competition by reducing insider lending, especially when the entry of new competitors may more strongly affect bank profitability. Results are robust to using various identification approaches and alternative indicators of agency conflict. We conclude that competitive pressure reduces managerial self-dealing.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Displaced distal radius fracture: reduction, follow-up, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Harvey Jessica , Varghese Benjamin J. , Hahn David M.
Published: May 2021

Aims

Displaced distal radius fractures were investigated at a level 1 major trauma centre during the COVID-19 2020 lockdown due to the implementation of temporary changes in practice. The primary aim was to establish if follow-up at one week in place of the 72-hour British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma & Orthopaedics (BOAST) guidance was safe following manipulation under anaesthetic. A parallel adaptation during lockdown was the non-expectation of Bier’s block. The secondary aim was to compare clinical outcomes with respect to block type.

Methods

Overall, 90 patients were assessed in a cross-sectional cohort study using a mixed, retrospective-prospective approach. Consecutive sampling of 30 patients pre-lockdown (P1), 30 during lockdown (P2), and 30 during post-lockdown (P3) was applied. Type of block, operative status, follow-up, and complications were extracted. Primary endpoints were early complications (≤ one week). Secondary endpoints were later complications including malunion, delayed union or osteotomy.

Results

In P1, 86.6% of patients were seen between days one to three, 26.7% in P2, and 56.7% in P3. There were no documented complications from days one to three. Operative rate was 35.5%, which did not vary significantly (p= 0.712). Primary endpoints occurred between day four to seven, and included one patient each period treated for plaster cast pain. Secondary endpoints in P1 included delayed union (one patient). During P2, this included malunion (one patient), a pressure sore (one patient) and ulnar cutaneous nerve symptoms (two patients). In P3, malunion was identified in one patient. Mean follow-up was six months (4 to 9) with union rate 96%. Change in block practice varied significantly (p =＜0.05). The risk ratio of complications using regional block (Bier’s) over haematoma block was 0.65.

Conclusion

Follow-up adaptations during lockdown did not adversely affect patient outcomes. Regional anaesthesia is gold standard for manipulation of displaced distal radial fractures. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):338–343.
Biochemical resolving power of fluorescence lifetime imaging: untangling the roles of the instrument response function and photon-statistics
Authors: Trinh Andrew L. , Esposito Alessandro
Published: May 2021

A deeper understanding of spatial resolution has led to innovations in microscopy and the disruption of biomedical research, as with super-resolution microscopy. To foster similar advances in time-resolved and spectral imaging, we have previously introduced the concept of ‘biochemical resolving power’ in fluorescence microscopy. Here, we apply those concepts to investigate how the instrument response function (IRF), sampling conditions, and photon-statistics limit the biochemical resolution of fluorescence lifetime microscopy. Using Fisher information analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal the complex dependencies between photon-statistics and the IRF, permitting us to quantify resolution limits that have been poorly understood (e.g., the minimum resolvable decay time for a given width of the IRF and photon-statistics) or previously underappreciated (e.g., optimization of the IRF for biochemical detection). With this work, we unravel common misunderstandings on the role of the IRF and provide theoretical insights with significant practical implications on the design and use of time-resolved instrumentation.
High latitude Southern Ocean phytoplankton have distinctive bio-optical properties
Authors: Robinson Charlotte M. , Huot Yannick , Schuback Nina , Ryan-Keogh Thomas J. , Thomalla Sandy J. , Antoine David
Published: May 2021

Studying the biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean using remote sensing relies on accurate interpretation of ocean colour through bio-optical and biogeochemical relationships between quantities and properties of interest. During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition of the 2016/2017 Austral Summer, we collected a spatially comprehensive dataset of phytoplankton pigment concentrations, particulate absorption and particle size distribution and compared simple bio-optical and particle property relationships as a function of chlorophyll a. Similar to previous studies we find that the chlorophyll-specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient is significantly lower than in other oceans at comparable chlorophyll concentrations. This appears to be driven in part by lower concentrations of accessory pigments per unit chlorophyll a as well as increased pigment packaging due to relatively larger sized phytoplankton at low chlorophyll a than is typically observed in other oceans. We find that the contribution of microphytoplankton (>20 µm size) to chlorophyll a estimates of phytoplankton biomass is significantly higher than expected for the given chlorophyll a concentration, especially in higher latitudes south of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front. Phytoplankton pigments are more packaged in larger cells, which resulted in a flattening of phytoplankton spectra as measured in these samples when compared to other ocean regions with similar chlorophyll a concentration. Additionally, we find that at high latitude locations in the Southern Ocean, pheopigment concentrations can exceed mono-vinyl chlorophyll a concentrations. Finally, we observed very different relationships between particle volume and chlorophyll a concentrations in high and low latitude Southern Ocean waters, driven by differences in phytoplankton community composition and acclimation to environmental conditions and varying contribution of non-algal particles to the particulate matter. Our data confirm that, as previously suggested, the relationships between bio-optical properties and chlorophyll a in the Southern Ocean are different to other oceans. In addition, distinct bio-optical properties were evident between high and low latitude regions of the Southern Ocean basin. Here we provide a region-specific set of power law functions describing the phytoplankton absorption spectrum as a function of chlorophyll a.
Experimental analysis of the measurement precision of spectral water-leaving radiance in different water types: reply
Authors: Wei Jianwei , Wang Menghua , Lee Zhongping , Ondrusek Michael , Zhang Shuai , Ladner Sherwin
Published: May 2021

Reliable in situ water-leaving radiance (Lw) measurements are critical for calibrating and validating the ocean color products from remote platforms (e.g., satellite). In an experimental effort, Wei et al. [Opt. Express 29, 2780 (2021)10.1364/OE.413784] reported that the on-water radiometry allows for high-precision radiance determination. Zibordi [Opt. Express 29, 19214 (2021)10.1364/OE.421786] questioned the use of the “1% radiometry” term in the former and commented on the data collection with the sensor’s optical window submerged in water. This reply responds to the comments and discusses the on-water data processing protocol, which shows the obtained Lw is not affected by the questions raised therein.
Generation of spatially unpolarized light by a Cornu depolarizer: equator polarization states as type II unpolarized light
Authors: Kroh Florian , Rosskopf Markus , Elsässer Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate the generation of spatially unpolarized light by exploiting a quartz Cornu depolarizer. Linearly polarized light impinging on the depolarizer is spatially polarization-dispersed, and the output polarization state is analyzed by a Schaefer-Collett or Berry-Gabrielse-Livingston polarimeter and a CCD camera or a photo detector, respectively. The ensemble of the observed spatially resolved normalized Stokes parameters s1(x, y), s2(x, y), s3(x, y) and the spatially resolved degree of polarization DOP(x, y) together with their counterparts spatially integrated over the beam profile show that the full beam is in fact spatially unpolarized light. The light consists of a spatial superposition of the manifold of all purely linearly polarized states encompassing completely the equator of the Poincaré sphere, thus so-called equator states. The accompanying invariance under the influence of a half-wave plate suggests that this is type II unpolarized light.
The DNMT3A PWWP domain is essential for the normal DNA methylation landscape in mouse somatic cells and oocytes
Authors: Kibe Kanako , Shirane Kenjiro , Ohishi Hiroaki , Uemura Shuhei , Toh Hidehiro , Sasaki Hiroyuki
Published: May 2021

DNA methylation at CG sites is important for gene regulation and embryonic development. In mouse oocytes, de novo CG methylation requires preceding transcription-coupled histone mark H3K36me3 and is mediated by a DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A. DNMT3A has a PWWP domain, which recognizes H3K36me2/3, and heterozygous mutations in this domain, including D329A substitution, cause aberrant CG hypermethylation of regions marked by H3K27me3 in somatic cells, leading to a dwarfism phenotype. We herein demonstrate that D329A homozygous mice show greater CG hypermethylation and severer dwarfism. In oocytes, D329A substitution did not affect CG methylation of H3K36me2/3-marked regions, including maternally methylated imprinting control regions; rather, it caused aberrant hypermethylation in regions lacking H3K36me2/3, including H3K27me3-marked regions. Thus, the role of the PWWP domain in CG methylation seems similar in somatic cells and oocytes; however, there were cell-type-specific differences in affected regions. The major satellite repeat was also hypermethylated in mutant oocytes. Contrary to the CA hypomethylation in somatic cells, the mutation caused hypermethylation at CH sites, including CA sites. Surprisingly, oocytes expressing only the mutated protein could support embryonic and postnatal development. Our study reveals that the DNMT3A PWWP domain is important for suppressing aberrant CG hypermethylation in both somatic cells and oocytes but that D329A mutation has little impact on the developmental potential of oocytes.
Clinical efficacy of Curcuvet and Boswellic acid combined with conventional nutraceutical product: An aid to canine osteoarthritis
Authors: Caterino Chiara , Aragosa Federica , Della Valle Giovanni , Costanza Dario , Lamagna Francesco , Piscitelli Alfonso , Nieddu Annalisa , Fatone Gerardo
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease which is high prevalent in dogs. In the late stage of the disease, it determines chronic neuropathic pain which leads to reduced quality-of-life in affected patients. To date it has not yet been identified a specific treatment, but it has been proved that nutraceutical and dietary supplements may play an important role in controlling inflammation and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by the use of force plate gait analysis, the clinical efficacy of Boswellia and Curcuvet® combined with conventional nutraceutical therapy compared with conventional nutraceutical alone in dogs affected by osteoarthritis.

Materials and methods

Twenty client-owned dogs, over 12 months old and 20 kg of body-weight, with a confirmed diagnosis of Osteoarthritis, were included in this randomized, double-blinded study. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (A) received a conventional nutraceutical (consisted in a preparation of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, fish-oil containing 80% of omega 3-fatty acid, vitamin C and E, saccharomyces Cerevisiae) with a combination of acid boswellic and Curcuvet®, while the second group (B) received a conventional nutraceutical. All the enrolled dogs underwent a washout period before starting the treatment with nutraceuticals products which were the only admitted treatment over the study period. A full orthopaedic and neurologic examination, and force plate gait analysis were performed before starting the treatment, at 45, 90, and 60 days post-treatment. Ground reaction forces were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Twenty dogs were enrolled in the study. In both groups there was an increasing values of ground reaction forces. These results might indicate that both nutraceutical products determined a better condition in terms of pain feeling but that effect is much more visible after 60 days from the end of the administration in treated group.

Discussion

In conclusion Curcuvet in combination with Boswellic acid could be considered a valid aid in a multimodal treatment for canine osteoarthritis.
Effect of land-use practices on species diversity and selected soil property in Somodo Watershed South-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Leta , Tesfaye Gizaw , Fikirie Kalkidan , Debebe Yalemtsehay
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect on species diversity and selected soil properties. Field observation was carried out to identify existing land-use practices following a transect line. A total of 20 plots (10 × 10) m2were sampled from plots exhibiting different land-use practices found in the watershed in order to evaluate species richness and diversity. Soil samples were also collected from each plot. The soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. The result of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in species diversity and richness among different land-use practices. Coffea arabica was dominant in homestead gardens and natural forests while Grevillea robusta showed had maximum richness in plantations and farm forests in the Watershed. Furthermore, home garden agroforestry practice was significantly (p<0.05) affected soil pH compared to other land-use systems (cultivated land, natural forest, and plantation forest. While Organic carbon (OC), Total nitrogen (TN), and Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C: N) did not show significance difference among land-use systems in the watershed. The study has concluded that different land-use practices had a positive impact on sustaining species diversity, richness, and improve soil properties. Therefore, the study suggests that improving and expanding home garden agroforestry practices in the area are indispensable for environmental protection and soil fertility enhancement.
Biochemical and histopathological changes related to the topical application of Aloe vera ointment for canine pyoderma
Authors: Arbaga Ali , El-Bahrawy Amanallah , Elsify Ahmed , Khaled Hadeer , Hassan Hany Youssef , Kamr Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim: Pyoderma is common in dogs, and its treatment requires a novel medication rather than antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes associated with the topical application of Aloe vera 20% and 40% ointments, compared with gentamicin 0.1% ointment, in dogs suffering from Staphylococcus aureus pyoderma.

Materials and Methods: Serum and skin samples were collected from a negative control group before inducing pyoderma and from other subdivided groups on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days post-inoculation for biochemical and histopathology examination.

Results: Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine concentrations were higher in the positive control dogs on the 3rd day without treatment (DWT) compared with the negative control dogs (p<0.05). Compared with the healthy control dogs, serum zinc concentrations were lower in the positive control group on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th DWT and in dogs treated with A. vera 20% and gentamicin 0.1% ointments on the 3rd and 7th days post-treatment (p<0.05). Grossly, skin had erythema, pruritus, and pus-filled pustules of the untreated group. Microscopically, skin showed epidermal necrosis and edema, dermal collagen necrosis, and severe neutrophilic infiltration.

Conclusion: Compared with A. vera 20% and gentamicin 0.1% ointments, the topical application of A. vera 40% ointmentinduced quicker skin healing and decreased the inflammatory changes caused by S. aureus inoculation, based on biochemical and histopathological changes reflective of its curative efficiency. A. vera 40% ointment may be a suitable alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of staphylococcal pyoderma in dogs.
Nachhaltige Bioökonomie partizipativ gestalten
Authors: Reinermann Julia Lena , Kamlage Jan-Hendrik , De Vries Nicole , Goerke Ute
Published: May 2021

Die Entwicklung zukunftsfähiger, nachhaltiger Strukturen erfordert die Transformation industrialisierter Lebensweisen. Diese ist nur unter Einbezug verschiedener Akteure möglich und erfordert innovative Partizipationsverfahren wie den Zukunftsrat. Zur Zukunft der Bioökonomie in Nordrhein-Westfalen kamen im Rheinischen Revier 20 zufällig ausgewählte Bürger/innen zusammen.
Conversational Implicature Of Women’s Language By Shin Tanokura In Drama Series Of Oshin
Authors: Kurniawan Eko , Utami Shofi Mahmudah Budi
Published: May 2021

This study aims to describe the conversational implicature of women’s language by Shin Tanokura in the drama series of Oshin. Research-based on a theory of  Azuma (2009) for implicature as women’s language and Yule (2006) for conversational implicature. It is a kind of qualitative research. The data collection technique used is the observing method. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis with Connect and Compare Equation Technique and Connect and Distinguishing Technique. The result showed that the conversational implicature of women’s language by Shin Tanokura in the drama series of Oshin is generalized conversational implicature, particularized conversational implicature, and scalar implicature. These three implicatures present markers that confirm the utterances belong to the variety of women’s language. In conclusion, the use of the implicature with high intensity is a marker of the utterance that belongs to the variety of women’s language. The variety of women’s language with the use of implicature gives an impression and an image about the characteristic of women and the variety of women’s language.
GIZI UNTUK PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PADA PASIEN DENGAN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER (DFU): LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Lestari Melani Puji , Kusumaningrum Niken Safitri Dyan
Published: May 2021

Latar belakang: Asupan gizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka, khususnya Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). Oleh karena itu, selain merawat kaki, pasien DFU sangat dianjurkan untuk memperhatikan diet dan gizi yang dikonsumsi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereview peran gizi pada proses penyembuhan DFU.Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literature review yaitu mengkaji secara kritis temuan-temuan yang telah dipublikasikan sebelumnya. Artikel dari 3 database, yaitu SCOPUS, PubMed, dan Google Scholar yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi kemudian dianalisis untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Kriteria inklusi artikel yang disertakan dalan penelitian meliputi artikel yang telah dipublikasikan pada jurnal internasional dengan rentang publikasi dari Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2019, berupa Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), dan  berbentuk full-text. Enam artikel dianalisis dan disintesis untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian berdasarkan proses skrining, seleksi, dan pemilihan artikel.Hasil: Literature review ini menunjukkan bahwa gizi, baik dalam bentuk macronutrient (misalnya omega 3) maupun micronutrient (seng, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin E, dan probiotik), berperan penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka DFU. Macro dan micronutrient ini berperan mulai dari proses modulasi proliferasi sel, metabolisme kolagen, serta sebagai biomarker fase inflamasi dan oksidasi. Asupan gizi yang tepat akan mengontrol dan menekan komplikasi DFU sehingga penyembuhan lukanya berjalan secara optimal. Omega-3, seng, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin E, dan probiotik berperan besar dalam peningkatan produksi kolagen, sintesis protein, dan pembuangan bakteri serta sel - sel nekrotik.Simpulan: Baik macronutrient maupun micronutrient, keduanya dibutuhkan di dalam tubuh untuk mendukung proses penyembuhan luka DFU. Masing-masing komponen tersebut mempunyai peran penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka.
Comparison of I-V Curves Between the Experiment of Corona Discharge on Gradient Line-To-Plane (GL-P) Configuration and The Mathematical Approach
Authors: Hadi Susilo , Wardaya Asep Yoyo , Muhlisin Zaenul , Suseno Jatmiko Endro , Triadyaksa Pandji , Khumaeni Ali , Nur Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Research has been conducted on the comparison of the I-V characteristic curve between mathematical study and experiment of the generation of negative DC corona discharge in the Gradient Line-to-Plane (GL-P) electrode configuration. The reason for this research is to calculate the suitability of the corona discharge electrical current between the mathematical and experimental study. The active electrode used has length 2 cm and height 4 cm. This research is conducted with variations in the sharpness angle of the active electrode (θ) 300, 450, and 600 and variations in the distance between the electrodes () 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm. The mathematical formulation of the value of the corona discharge electrical current in the configuration of the GL-P electrode is obtained by using the geometric concept approach, which is the formulation of the capacitance value of the ordinary electrical circuit, with the addition of the multiplication factor value k in the sharp area of the active electrode, because in that area the greatest plasma flow distance is obtained. The value of the multiplication factor  is obtained by fitting the curve between mathematical study and experiments. The I-V curve between the mathematical study and the corona discharge generation experiment has a high degree of similarity with the smallest percentage contacting point of 37.50%.The value of the multiplication factor  is influenced by the sharpness angle of the active electrode shape and the distance between the electrodes.
Improving water absorption time and the natural silk strength (Bombyx Mori) using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Muhlisin Zaenul , Lathif Muhammad Adrian , Arianto Fajar , Triadyaksa Pandji
Published: May 2021

This researchaimed to obtain Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma discharge characteristics with and without the placement of natural silkBombyx Mori on one of the electrodes. Furthermore, the strength and the water absorption time of the irradiated silk samples will be analyzed.  Plasma discharge is generated by connecting electrodes of point-to-plane configuration with a sheet of glass inserted on the plane electrode at atmospheric conditions. The characterization of plasma discharge, either with or without the natural silk samples' placement on the plane electrode, was performed by increasing A.C.'s high voltage power source to reach arch discharge. Theelectrode spacing varied from 0.7 cm to 2.5 cm with a 0.3 cm increment. Sample irradiation was performed using cold plasma for 5, 15, and 30 minutes respectively. Placing or not placing the natural silk samples on the plane electrode will increase the plasma's discharge current and increase the high voltage. Moreover, increasing the distance between the electrodes and placing the sample on the plane electrode decreases the discharge current. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, it was found that increasing plasma irradiation time on samples decreases the silk thread'sdiameterand shortening its water absorption time. The strength of irradiated fabric was reduceduntil 15 minutes of irradiation. However, at 30 minutes of irradiation, there was an increase in sample thickness compared to control samples.
The power in your pocket – uncover smartphones for use as cutting-edge microscopic instruments in science and research
Authors: Wang Haoran , Heintzmann Rainer , Diederich Benedict
Published: May 2021

Since the development of the first light microscope over 400 years ago, the technology has continuously evolved and established itself as a powerful tool, especially in biology, diagnostics and point-of-care (PoC) applications. The miniaturization of mass-produced actuators and sensors enables the use of technically extremely complex functions in smartphones at a very low price. They can be used to implement modern microscopy methods for use in places where access to such techniques is often very limited. In this review, we show how easy it is to integrate a smartphone into the everyday microscopy-imaging routines of biology research. Such devices have also been used to identify diseases directly at the patient. Furthermore, we demonstrate how constantly increasing computing power in combination with the steadily improving imaging quality of cameras of handheld devices enables the realization of new biomedical imaging methods, which together with commercially available and 3D-printed components make current research available to a broad mass. Examples are smartphone-based super-resolution microscopy (SRM) or task-specific single-board computer-based devices, which can analyze plankton in sea water.
Aspectual cognate objects in Hungarian
Authors: Farkas Imola-Ágnes
Published: May 2021

This paper examines aspectual cognate objects in Hungarian. Its main contribution lies in the syntactic and semantic analysis of three classes of accusative pseudo-objects, which are literally not cognate with the prototypical unergative verb they accompany but are demonstrated to be non-subcategorized and non-thematic elements that have the same role and the same syntactic and semantic properties as aspectual cognate objects in languages where these nominals are both semantically and morphologically related to the verb. In addition, the paper fills a typologically unexpected gap, considering that Hungarian, as a strong satellite-framed language, is predicted to have aspectual cognate object constructions.