bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using graphlet degree vectors to predict atomic displacement parameters in protein structures
Authors: Pražnikar Jure
Published: November 2023

In structural biology, atomic displacement parameters, commonly used in the form of B values, describe uncertainties in atomic positions. Their distribution over the structure can provide hints on local structural reliability and mobility. A spatial macromolecular model can be represented by a graph whose nodes are atoms and whose edges correspond to all interatomic contacts within a certain distance. Small connected subgraphs, called graphlets, provide information about the wiring of a particular atom. The multiple linear regression approach based on this information aims to predict a distribution of values of isotropic atomic displacement parameters (B values) within a protein structure, given the atomic coordinates and molecular packing. By modeling the dynamic component of atomic uncertainties, this method allows the B values obtained from experimental crystallographic or cryo-electron microscopy studies to be reproduced relatively well.
Exploring accounting students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform teaching and learning decision-making post pandemic
Authors: Brink Sophia Magaretha
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The objective of the study was to explore which COVID-19 teaching and learning methods, that enhanced accounting students' learning experience, should be applied at a residential university after the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative exploratory approach within an interpretive paradigm was applied. A total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with accounting students and the data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

This study shows how pre-COVID-19 accounting education can be adapted by learning from the teaching and learning experiences gained during the pandemic and that there are various teaching and learning methods that can be applied in the post-COVID-19 period to enhance students' learning experience. These blended active teaching and learning methods include: the flipped classroom, discussion forum, electronic platform (to ask questions during class), key-concept videos and summary videos. Introducing these teaching and learning methods comes with challenges and the study provides recommendations on how to overcome foreseen obstacles. The contribution of the research is that it informs accounting lecturers' decision-making regarding which teaching and learning methods to apply in the aftermath of COVID-19 to enhance students' learning experience.

Originality/value

It is uncertain which teaching and learning methods employed during the COVID-19 pandemic should be applied at a residential university to enhance the teaching and learning experience after the pandemic. Accounting lecturers might return to their pre-COVID-19 modus operandi, and the valuable experience gained during the pandemic will have served no purpose.
Saving by buying ahead: stockpiling in response to lump‐sum payments
Authors: Collins J. Michael , Kulka Amrita
Published: November 2023

By purchasing larger quantities of goods and saving them for future consumption households are able to reduce transaction costs and acquire goods at a lower price per unit, presuming they can manage the transportation and storage costs. This study uses variations in state income tax refunds over time to estimate consumption responses to lump‐sum payments. Households purchase around 20 per cent more of easily stored toilet paper in the months in which tax refunds are issued, but do not increase purchases of perishables such as bread and eggs. In addition to purchasing more goods at a lower per‐unit price, households also appear to increase the time until their next purchase, which implies that they are saving goods for consumption over time. These in‐kind savings allow people to smooth their consumption over time, much like pecuniary savings. Government payments that provide lump‐sum payments can benefit consumers by providing additional liquidity to buy and store goods at a lower cost.
H.O.P.E. grows: An academic‐public health partnership to reimagine public health services and increase mental health access among socially vulnerable populations
Authors: Scott Victoria C. , Tolley Annalise J. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer , Walker Kayla , Greene Tamikia
Published: November 2023

Objective

To illustrate the process of developing and sustaining an academic‐public health partnership for behavioral health integration through an expansion of the Aligning Systems for Health (ASfH) framework.

Study Setting

Practice‐informed primary data (2017–2023) from the Holistic Opportunity Program for Everyone (HOPE) Initiative based in Charlotte, NC.

Study Design

The unit of analysis in this descriptive case study is inter‐organizational, specifically focusing on an academic‐public health relationship. We illustrate the partnership process across the ASfH four core areas, including key challenges and insights.

Data Collection

Utilized a Critical Moments Reflection methodology and review of HOPE program data.

Principal Findings

(1) Formal partnership structures and processes are essential to monitoring the four ASfH core components for on‐going system alignment. (2) Aligning systems for health principally involves two ecologies: (i) the health program and (ii) the partnership. The vitality and sustainability of both ecologies require continuous attention and resource investment. (3) Relationships rest at the heart of aligning systems. (4) With comparative advantages in research methods, the academic sector is especially poised to collaborate with healthcare systems and human service organizations to study, develop, implement, and scale evidence‐based health interventions.

Conclusions

The academic sector shares overlapping purposes with the public health, healthcare, and social services sectors while providing complementary value. It is a critical sectoral partner in advancing population health and health equity.
Ellagic acid‐loaded soy protein isolate self‐assembled particles: Characterization, stability, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Feng Yujin , Wu Kaiwen , Yu Genfa , Yi Fengping , Zhu Guangyong
Published: November 2023

The limited water solubility and bioactivity of lipophilic phytochemicals may be enhanced by delivery systems. Ellagic acid (EA) has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, but low solubility and instability limit its use in the food industry. In this study, the pH‐shift method was applied to encapsulate EA with soy protein isolate (SPI). The interaction, encapsulation, and protective potential of the EA‐loaded soy SPI complexes (SPI–EA) were investigated. The fluorescence spectra results suggest that the reaction between SPI and EA is spontaneous, with hydrophobic interactions predominating. Binding of EA molecules quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of SPI, mainly static quenching, with a binding site involved in the binding process. The ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy of the SPI–EA complexes included the characteristic absorption peaks of both SPI and EA, and the scanning electron microscopy images further indicated that the EA had been successfully embedded in SPI. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrates that EA has significantly changed the secondary structure of the SPI, primarily in the form of a decreased content of α‐helix structures and an increased content of β‐sheet and random coil structures. The encapsulation efficiency of EA was concentration‐dependent, up to 81.08%. The addition of EA reduces the size of SPI particles (d < 155 nm). In addition, the SPI–EA complex showed up to 81.05% and 96.46% 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. TGA showed that the degradation temperature of SPI–EA complex could be extended up to 300°C. And by encapsulation of EA, the loss of EA under the action of UV light, heat treatment, and high concentration of salt ion sensitive environment can be reduced.

Practical Application

Ellagic acid (EA), a natural bioactive with low water solubility and stability, can be enhanced by forming an inclusion complex with soy protein isolate (SPI). SPI–EA complex has broad potential applications in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. Multiple spectral analyses have contributed to our understanding of the formation and interaction mechanisms of the SPI–EA complex under pH‐driven conditions. Stability assays have also aided in the development of dietary resources for EA.
Optimal conditions for beef tenderization through radiofrequency heating with cold air
Authors: Kim Jinse , Choi Dong Soo , Kim Yong Hoon , Park Chun Wan , Kim Hyun Wook
Published: November 2023

High‐temperature (15–37°C) aging can shorten the tenderizing time of beef; however, the use of constant temperature heating can lead to microbial spoilage. This study tested radiofrequency (RF) tenderization (RF‐T) to find the appropriate conditions for the aging‐like effect of beef without microbial spoilage. After subjecting beef to 22 h RF‐T with four different cooling temperatures (15, 5, −10, and −20°C), the proliferated aerobic bacteria on the surface showed a concentration of 6–6.2 log CFU/g at −10 and −20°C, lower than 7–7.5 log CFU/g at 15 and 5°C. When beef was treated with 25 W/kg RF heating power for 48 h RF‐T, the estimated reduction rate of the sliced shear force (SSF) and the increase rate of glutamic acid based on the weight before RF‐T were 22.6% and 1.51‐fold, which were greater than 19.6% and 1.37‐fold with 20 W/kg, and 11.0% and 1.11‐fold with 15 W/kg. The optimal specific RF heating power was calculated as 30 W/kg from the results’ extrapolation. When processed for 48 h under optimal conditions (30 W/kg specific RF heating power, −20°C cooling air), the tenderization rate and the increased rates of free amino acids based on the weight before RF‐T of beef reached over 20% and 1.5‐fold with 5.22 log CFU/g aerobic bacteria, which was lesser than the Korean regulation value of 6.7 log CFU/g (5 × 106 CFU/g). Therefore, RF‐T could be proposed as a promising high‐temperature tenderization method with lowered risk of microbial spoilage.

Practical Application

We showed that lowering the chamber temperature during RF‐T was effective in surface drying and inhibiting aerobic bacteria. RF‐T for 24–48 h with 30 W/kg specific RF heating power had an aging‐like effect given tenderization and increase in FAAs. Moreover, by providing the matching circuit and impedance during RF‐T, this method could be industrially reproducible.
Exploring readiness for discharge, quality of discharge teaching, and fear of disease progression in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A correlation analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Jinping , Zhai Minfeng , Zhao Yang , Li Qiuyue
Published: November 2023

Background

To explore the correlation between the current status of discharge preparation, quality of discharge teaching, and fear of disease progression among patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy to provide a basis for improving patients' level of preparation.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, convenience sampling was used to select 452 patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy and were admitted to the Department of Medical Oncology of the Cancer Hospital, between February 2023 and April 2023. A general information questionnaire, discharge preparation scale, quality of discharge teaching scale, and fear of disease progression scale were used to conduct surveys 2 h before the patients were discharged.

Results

The score for discharge preparation among lung cancer patients with chemotherapy was 99.11 ± 14.79 and the item score was 8.26 ± 1.23. The score for quality of discharge teaching was 193.23 ± 37.69, and that for fear of disease progression was 25.47 ± 8.92. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex, marital status, treatment period, quality of discharge teaching, and fear of disease progression influenced discharge readiness among patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the total quality of the discharge guidance score was positively correlated with the discharge readiness score (r = 0.288, p < 0.001). In contrast, the total fear of disease progression score was negatively correlated with the discharge preparation score (r = −0.252, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Discharge readiness among patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy was relatively at the good level, and there was a significant correlation between readiness for discharge, discharge teaching and fear of disease progression in these patients. Therefore, it is necessary to provide effective discharge guidance and implement targeted intervention measures to further improve patient preparation, reduce the fear of disease progression, and promote patient ability of coping with the disease and overall satisfaction.
Age‐related anatomical variation and morphometric studies on the optic tectum in post‐hatch broiler chicken
Authors: Gautam Avnish Kumar , Ray Sanjay , Das Partha , Mandal Arun Kumar , Tudu Nirmal Kumar , Singh Dharmendra , Islam Md Mofijul , Rana Tanmoy
Published: November 2023

In this investigation the morphological and morphometrical features of the optic tectum in post‐hatch broiler chicken were studied macroscopically and microscopically. The present study was conducted on 70 day old broiler chicks which were reared up to 42 days. The whole experimental period of study was divided into seven groups (from group I to VII) at weekly interval (days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42). The optic lobes were paired and spherical to oval eminences located on the ventro‐lateral part of the midbrain in broiler chicken. There was significant increase in length and width of the optic lobes with the advancement of age. Histological analysis of optic tectum shows six basic layers from the external surface to internal one towards the optic ventricle. Different layers of optic tectum were identified as stratum opticum, stratum griseum superficial, stratum griseum central, stratum album central, stratum griseum periventriculare and stratum fibrosum periventriculare with several types of neurons. Among all six layers of the optic tectum the stratum griseum superficial layer showed very high degree of secondry differentiation and evolved into nine sub‐ layers in all age groups of broiler chickens. Three main cell types had been identified that is, small to medium sized stellate shaped neuron, pyramidal neuron and fusiform neuron, beside these multipolar neuron were also evident. The thickness of all layers of optic tectum significantly increases with the advancement of age of the birds. The optic ventricle was lined with a layer of cuboidal ependymal cells.
Diagnosis of cutaneous primary nocardiosis in patients with normal immune function by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Mou Yue , Liu Jiaqi , Ji Chaochao , Cheng Wenhao , Ren Hong , Mou Xudong , Hu Wenlong
Published: November 2023

Nocardia primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, and Infection with Nocardia is uncommon and primary cutaneous nocardiosis caused by percutaneous inoculation is even rarer. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis remains a diagnostic challenge and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any superficial cutaneous infection that arises in patients with normal immune function. We report a case that was diagnosed with primary cutaneous Nocardia by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing technology.
Usefulness of risk scores and predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence after elective electrical cardioversion
Authors: Águila‐Gordo Daniel , Jiménez‐Díaz Javier , Negreira‐Caamaño Martín , Martínez‐Del Rio Jorge , Ruiz‐Pastor Cristina , Sánchez Pérez Ignacio , Piqueras‐Flores Jesús
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is a frequently used procedure for restoring sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation (AF); however, the rate of recurrence is high. The identification of patients at high risk of recurrence could influence the decision‐making process. The present study evaluates the predictive value of risk scores in atrial fibrillation recurrence after elective electrical cardioversion.

Methods

Unicentric, observational, and prospective study of adult patients who have undergone an elective ECV as rhythm control strategy between July 2017 and September 2022.

Results

From the 283 analyzed patients (mean age 63.95 ± 10.76212, 74.9% male); 99 had paroxysmal AF (35%) and 159 (59%) presented AF recurrence during a follow‐up of 6 months. In patients with post‐ECV AF recurrence, the period of time from diagnosis until the performance of the procedure was longer (393 ± 891 vs. 195 ± 527, p = .02). No paroxysmal AF (71.3% vs. 57.8%, p = .02) and LA dilatation with >40 mL/m2 (35.9% vs. 23.3%, p = .02) volumes were more frequent within these patients. AF recurrence was more frequent in patients who had previous ECV (HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.12–2.35; p = .01) and more than 1 shock to recover sinus rhythm (HR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.07–1.63; p = .01). The SLAC, ALARMEc, ATLAS, and CAAP‐AF scores were statistically significant, although with a moderate predictive capacity for post‐ECV recurrence.

Conclusions

Risk scores analyzed showed a modest value predicting AF recurrence after ECV. Previous ECV, and greater difficulty in restoring SR were independent predictors of recurrence.
The effects of a music intervention on the autonomic nervous system during recovery from strenuous exercise
Authors: Niu Mingyang , Zhao Ruixue , Wang Jiameng
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of music on heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) after intense exertion.

Methods

Five hundred male students enrolled at Yongin University, Korea, underwent a cycling test to assess aerobic capacity; 180 students with equal scores were selected for a music intervention, which was conducted after vigorous exercise. The 180 participants were randomized into three music groups and a control group; the participants in each music group listened to music at three different tempos: slow (lento) (n = 45), moderate (moderato) (n = 45), and fast (allegretto) (n = 45). The control group did not listen to music (n = 45). After the test, data on cardiac recovery and HRV were gathered and modeled.

Results

The results revealed no significant variation in HRR and HRV indexes between the four cohorts (p > .05), and no significant differences were observed in the anaerobic power cycling indexes during strenuous exercise (p > .05). The music intervention had a significant impact on HR, low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency power (HF), normalized LF (LFnorm), normalized HF (HFnorm), and the LF/HF ratio during recovery (p < .05).

Conclusion

After rigorous activity, listening to allegretto music improved HRR and restored HRV equilibrium, which is critical to preventing and minimizing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Novel stent‐assisted ileal bypass is applied to avoid protective stoma and prevent anastomotic leakage for rectal cancer
Authors: Wen Ze‐Lin , Bai Lian , Zhou Xiong
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of a novel stent‐assisted ileal bypass for rectal cancer patients who received sphincter‐preserving surgery.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer and received sphincter‐preserving surgery plus a novel stent‐assisted ileal bypass were respectively included from January 2022 to January 2023. Biofragmentable ileal stent with diaphragm sheet in the cavity was placed in the terminal ileum using absorbable sutures after anastomosis. At the proximal end of the stent, an intestinal diversion tube was placed in the prefabricated purse‐string, through which faeces were drained. The stent completely disintegrated in the body after 3–4 weeks, which protected the anastomosis after surgery and avoided protective stoma. Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected.

Results

Eleven patients who successfully received surgery were included. There were seven (63.6%) males and four (36.4%) females. The tumour size was 3.2 ± 1.7 cm and the lower verge of tumour to anal verge was 6.8 ± 1.3 cm. As for surgical outcomes, operation time was 216.4 ± 54.1 min, blood loss was 43.6 ± 64.6 mL, time to first flatus via intestinal diversion tube was 3.2 ± 1.1 days, time to discharge stent was 22.8 ± 3.0 days, and postoperative hospital stay was 21.0 ± 5.4 days. Two patients suffered from postoperative complications including pneumonia and incision infection.

Conclusion

This novel stent‐assisted ileal bypass is safe and feasible, it provides a new choice for rectal cancer patients to avoid protective stoma and secondary surgery.
Predictors of local control after robotic stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: 10‐years‐experience after Cyberknife installation
Authors: Demir Harun , Doğan Bedriye , Günbey Hediye Pınar , Işık Naciye , Yaprak Gökhan
Published: November 2023

Background

To evaluate the factors influencing brain metastases (BM) local control (LC) after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).

Methods

Between 2010 and 2020, a cohort of 145 patients (246 BM) treated consecutively with robotic radiosurgery was analysed.

Results

Median age was 61 years (range, 29–90 years). Median radiological follow‐up of the lesions was 21.7 months (range, 3–115 months). The mean overall survival and LC were 33.0 and 82.7 months, respectively. On univariate analysis, sex, primary cancer site, histological type, use of systemic steroids, maximum diameter, volume, early MRI response, isodose line, number of fractions, BED10 value, and BED10 value proportional to volume and maximum diameter were significant factors for LC. On multivariate analysis, female sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.10 P: 0.035), adenocarcinoma histology (HR: 6.54 P: 0.001), no steroid use (HR: 3.60 P: 0.001), maximum diameter (≤1 cm) (HR: 2.64 P: 0.018), complete response of lesion at first follow‐up MRI compared to stable or progressive disease (HR: 4.20, P = 0.024; HR: 19.15, P < 0.001), isodose line (≥90%) (HR: 2.00 P: 0.036), and tumour volume (PTV ≤2 cc) (HR: 5.19 P: 0.001) were independent factors improving LC.

Conclusions

SRT is an effective treatment for patients with a limited number of BM with a high LC rate. There are many factors related to the patient, tumour, and radiotherapy plan that have an impact on LC after SRT in brain metastases. These results warrant further investigation in a prospective setting.
Maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidy: A nationwide cohort study of more than 500 000 singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Elmerdahl Frederiksen Line , Ølgaard Sofie Møller , Roos Laura , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Rode Line , Hartwig Tanja , Ekelund Charlotte Kvist ,   the Danish Central Cytogenetics Registry Study Group, Vogel Ida
Published: November 2023

Introduction

In this register‐based study of pregnancies in Denmark, we assessed the associations between maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidies (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy, monosomy X and other sex chromosome aberrations). Additionally, we aimed to disentangle the maternal age‐related effect on fetal aneuploidies by cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms.

Material and methods

We followed a nationwide cohort of 542 375 singleton‐pregnant women attending first trimester screening in Denmark between 2008 and 2017 until delivery, miscarriage or termination of pregnancy. We used six maternal age categories and retrieved information on genetically confirmed aneuploidies of the fetus and infant from the national cytogenetic register.

Results

We confirmed the known associations between advanced maternal age and higher risk of trisomy 21, 18, 13 and other sex chromosome aberrations, especially in women aged ≥35 years, whereas we found no age‐related associations with triploidy or monosomy X. Cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms did not influence the overall reported association between maternal age and aneuploidies.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into the accurate risk of fetal aneuploidies that pregnant women of advanced ages encounter.
Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population‐based register study from Finland
Authors: Kemppainen Venla , Mentula Maarit , Seppälä Tomi , Gissler Mika , Rouhe Hanna , Terhi Saisto , Heikinheimo Oskari , Niinimäki Maarit
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common obstetrical challenge that complicates about every 10th pregnancy. Background factors of FOC are diverse. We evaluated the association of induced abortion (IA) and FOC in subsequent pregnancy.

Material and methods

Population‐based register study based on three Finnish national registers: the Register of Induced Abortions, the Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. The study cases were primigravid women undergoing an IA in 2000–2015 and subsequent pregnancy ending in live singleton birth up to 2017. Each case had three controls, matched by age and residential area, whose first pregnancy ended in a live birth. The main outcome was the incidence of FOC in the subsequent pregnancy. In a secondary analysis, we assessed other risk factors for FOC.

Results

The study cohort consisted of 21 455 women and 63 425 controls. Altogether, 4.2% of women had a diagnosis of FOC. The incidence was higher in women with a history of IA than in controls (5.6% vs 3.7%, P < 0.001). A history of IA was associated with higher odds for FOC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.20 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.30. In addition, a history of psychiatric diagnosis (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 3.15–3.83), high maternal age, 30–39 years old (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.43–1.67; P < 0.001) and ≥40 years old (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 2.37–3.77; P < 0.001) and smoking (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.31; P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds for FOC. Women living in densely populated or rural areas and those with lower socioeconomic class had lower odds for FOC.

Conclusions

A history of IA is associated with increased odds for FOC in subsequent pregnancy. However, the associations of FOC with a history of psychiatric diagnosis and elevated maternal age (especially ≥40 years old) are more pronounced.
International evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS—A Nordic perspective
Authors: Forslund Maria , Melin Johanna , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet , Hirschberg Angelica Linden , Teede Helena , Vanky Eszter , Piltonen Terhi
Published: November 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 12% of women of reproductive age. In 2018, the first evidence‐based guideline on assessment and management of PCOS was published, and an updated extended guideline was released in August 2023. These guidelines followed best practice and are endorsed by 39 organizations worldwide, making them the most robust source of evidence to guide clinical practice. In the 2023 guideline, diagnostic criteria have been further refined as polycystic ovary morphology can now be assessed with gynecological ultrasound or elevated anti‐Müllerian hormone levels. A healthy lifestyle should be at the focus of care for all women with PCOS; however, with no specific diet or physical exercise recommended. The latest evidence on medical treatments and fertility management are reviewed, including special considerations regarding long‐term follow‐up of metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities and pregnancy in women with PCOS. Here we summarize the recommendations from a Nordic perspective.
Breast cancer during pregnancy—The oncologist's point of view
Authors: Matikas Alexios , Bergh Jonas
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed during or directly after pregnancy. Differences in pathogenesis and prognosis identify two distinct patient groups, those with breast cancer during pregnancy and those with postpartum breast cancer which, for reasons not completely understood, is associated with worse outcomes. Compared with breast cancer in the non‐pregnant patient, several limitations in terms of both local and systemic therapy are applied to limit fetal harm. Treatment is nevertheless delivered with curative intent, therefore avoiding harmful delays in therapy initiation, unnecessary therapy de‐escalation or chemotherapy dose modifications is strongly recommended. In this short commentary, we briefly review current evidence and treatment guidelines and provide recommendations for optimal oncologic management of pregnancy‐related breast cancer.
Choriocapillaris and choroidal thickness in all Leber hereditary optic neuropathy stages using swept source technology
Authors: Castillo Lorena , Berrozpe‐Villabona Clara , Miserachs‐García Sergio , Haulani Hanan , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Cecilia , González‐Martínez Alba , Morilla‐Grasa Antonio , Arias Luis , Caminal José M. , Casaroli‐Marano Ricardo
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The role of the choroid in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) remains unclear. The literature is scarce, with conflicting results and lacks axial length measurements. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the choriocapillaris (CC) vessel density (VD) and choroidal thickness (ChT) in all stages of LHON using swept source (SS) technology and considering the possible influence of axial length on choroidal parameters.

Methods

This was a prospective cross‐sectional observational study. A total of 119 eyes of 60 patients with molecularly confirmed LHON across all stages and 120 eyes of 60 control participants were included. We obtained the CC VD using optical coherence tomography angiography maps centred on the fovea. ChT was measured from the Bruch's membrane to the choroid‐sclera interface in the macular and peripapillary regions.

Results

The CC VD was not significantly affected in any sector or average, except for a slight change in the superior region of chronic eyes (52.08 ± 1.62% vs. 53.50 ± 2.29%, p = 0.002). ChT demonstrated a trend towards decreased values in asymptomatic eyes and increased values in the symptomatic stages that failed to reach statistical significance in sectors corresponding to the papillomacular bundle except for the macular nasal inner sector of chronic eyes (281.10 ± 67.12 μm vs. 252.08 ± 70.55 μm, p = 0.045). No significant correlations were observed between visual acuity and CC VD or ChT.

Conclusion

The CC VD remained stable across the LHON stages. Choroidal vasculature does not appear to play a role in LHON pathophysiology. Further research is needed on ChT as a potential biomarker of LHON.
Neonatal outcomes of pregnant women attending integrated and standard substance use treatment programs in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Milligan Karen , Tarasoff Lesley A. , Rodrigues Erica R. , Iwajomo Tomisin , Gomes Tara , de Oliveira Claire , Brown Hilary K. , Urbanoski Karen A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Substance use in pregnancy raises concern given its potential teratogenic effects. Given the unique needs of parenting people and the potential impact for developing children, specialized substance use treatment programs are increasingly being implemented for this population. Substance use treatment is associated with more positive neonatal outcomes compared with no treatment, however treatment models vary limiting our understanding of key treatment components/modelsFew studies have explored the influence of treatment model type (i.e., integrated treatments designed for pregnant clients compared with standard treatment models) and no studies have examined the influence of treatment model on neonatal outcomes using Canadian data.

Method

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of clients who were pregnant when initiating integrated (n = 564) and standard (n = 320) substance use treatment programs in Ontario, Canada.

Results

Neonatal outcomes did not significantly differ by treatment type (integrated or standard), with rates of adverse neonatal outcomes higher than published rates for the general population, despite receipt of adequate levels of prenatal care. While this suggests no significant impact of treatment, it is notable that as a group, clients engaged in integrated treatment presented with more risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes than those in standard treatment. While we controlled for these risks in our analyses, this may have obscured their influence in relation to treatment type.

Conclusion

Findings underscore the need for more nuanced research that considers the influence of client factors in interaction with treatment type. Pregnant clients engaged in any form of substance use treatment are at higher risk of having children who experience adverse neonatal outcomes. This underscores the urgent need for further investment in services and research to support maternal and neonatal health before and during pregnancy, as well as long‐term service models that support women and children beyond the perinatal and early childhood periods.
Effectiveness of in vivo T‐cell‐depleted regimen containing porcine anti‐lymphocyte globulin or rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin in preventing acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Zhou Xi , Zhao Xiaoyan , Lu Xuan , Wang Huafang
Published: November 2023

To compare the clinical efficacy of porcine anti‐lymphocyte globulin (p‐ALG) and rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (r‐ATG) in the treatment of haematological malignancies using haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT), this study was conducted. The incidences of neutrophil and platelet engraftment, respectively, were 100%, 93.6% and 94.4%; 100%, 93.6% and 90.3% in p‐ALG 75 mg/kg (n = 57), p‐ALG 90 mg/kg (n = 49), and r‐ATG 7.5 mg/kg (n = 72). The median time to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were 11, 12 and 12 days (p = 0.032); 13, 14 and 13 days (p = 0.013), respectively. The incidence of grades II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease and cumulative incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease were 16.7% versus 12.5% versus 13.3% (p = 0.817) and 14.7% versus 12.1% versus 19.5% in p‐ALG 75 mg/kg, p‐ALG 90 mg/kg and r‐ATG groups. Notably, the cytomegalovirus infection rate in the p‐ALG 75 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the other two groups. The cumulative incidence of 2‐year relapse and 2‐year overall survival rates were similar (p = 0.901, p = 0.497). The lower dose of p‐ALG (75 mg/kg) had a similar efficacy and safety profile compared with r‐ATG (7.5 mg/kg) in the setting of haplo‐HSCT. Therefore, p‐ALG (75 mg/kg) may be an appropriate alternative to r‐ATG in the conditioning regimen of haplo‐HSCT.
Communities as a Subject of Social Fabric Construction in the Colombian Catatumbo Region
Authors: Alba‐Niño Magali
Published: November 2023

The community actions developed by the inhabitants of marginalised communities by Idler and McGill have contributed to the construction of a social base for peace, favouring cohesion and the reproduction of social life in the resistance to years of armed conflict, state abandonment and other social phenomena. The Catatumbo region in Colombia has been the focus of several analyses regarding the visibility of public and private organisations that have come to the territory to provide perishable assistance, which do not constitute a holistic social project involving all aspects of the conflict and its impact on the community. This prevents the recognition of the figure of collective social subject that contributes to the construction of a social basis for peace. In this sense, this article is intended to address the contribution of the communities as collective subject to the construction of the social fabric, recognising the different initiatives that have been developed by the subjects who inhabit the region from their historical‐political role.
Analysis of characteristics related to interstitial lung disease or pulmonary hypertension in patients with dermatomyositis
Authors: Wang Chulin , Yang Han , Li Tongfen , Wen Yiqiong , Yang Heran , Tang Weifeng , Li Lin , Sun Shibo
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Dermatomyositis (DM) is often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of DM patients with ILD or PH.

Methods

This study retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics of 372 patients with DM, including cytokines, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin and complement. The DM patients were divided into different groups according to whether complicated with ILD, PH or anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibodies (MDA5). A qualitative and quantitative data analysis was performed.

Results

IgG, IgA and IgM in the DM‐associated ILD (ILD‐DM) were higher than that of the DM non‐complicating ILD (Non‐ILD‐DM) (p = 0.022, 0.002 and 0.029, respectively). Meanwhile, IL‐6 (p = 0.008) and IL‐10 (p = 0.001) were increased in the DM‐associated PH (PH‐DM) than in the DM non‐complicating PH (Non‐PH‐DM), while IL‐17 (p = 0.004), double positive (DP) cell ratio and B lymphocyte ratio were reduced in the PH‐DM. Moreover, the incidence of ILD and levels of C4 were higher in the DM with MDA5 (MDA5+ DM) than that of the DM without MDA5.

Conclusion

ILD‐DM has higher IgG, IgA and IgM than that of Non‐ILD‐DM. PH‐DM has higher IL‐6, IL‐10 and lower IL‐17, DP cell ratio and B lymphocyte ratio than that of Non‐PH‐DM.
Ethnic elder poverty: Miao household livelihoods and elderly self‐sufficiency practices in Midwest China
Authors: Guo Shuangyan , Canessa Andrew
Published: November 2023

Within the existing literature on livelihoods, there is a paucity of research examining the livelihood of the elderly from ethnic communities, and of the few studies on elderly livelihoods, scholars tend to focus on their agricultural labor engagement and ignore other forms of activity. In this study, we investigate the elderly livelihood choices and the multiple survival practices in a Miao town in China's Midwest, which was chosen as the first case for the Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) program. Using the dual lenses of age and ethnicity, we describe the history of household livelihoods in the region, and how agricultural participation, the production of ethnic artisan goods and ritual practices are uniquely employed by Miao elders (compared to their Han peers) to achieve self‐sufficiency. We consider how being Miao has certain advantages in tackling elder poverty. Alongside agricultural labor, Miao elders can engage in recognized handicrafts for sale; they can also engage in customary ritual practices as a recognized ethnic minority which would otherwise be prohibited and contribute to social cohesion. This is the first anthropological study conducted in Midwest China that centers on the livelihood and practices of age‐advanced group with an ethnic identity in a globally aging context.
Modified sports interventions for children with cerebral palsy: Enhancing perspectives in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Boey Cassy
Published: November 2023

This commentary is on the original article by Rodrigues De Sousa Junior et al. on pages 744–754 of this issue.
Artificial intelligence in epilepsy phenotyping
Authors: Knight Andrew , Gschwind Tilo , Galer Peter , Worrell Gregory A. , Litt Brian , Soltesz Ivan , Beniczky Sándor
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) allows data analysis and integration at an unprecedented granularity and scale. Here we review the technological advances, challenges, and future perspectives of using AI for electro‐clinical phenotyping of animal models and patients with epilepsy. In translational research, AI models accurately identify behavioral states in animal models of epilepsy, allowing identification of correlations between neural activity and interictal and ictal behavior. Clinical applications of AI‐based automated and semi‐automated analysis of audio and video recordings of people with epilepsy, allow significant data reduction and reliable detection and classification of major motor seizures. AI models can accurately identify electrographic biomarkers of epilepsy, such as spikes, high‐frequency oscillations, and seizure patterns. Integrating AI analysis of electroencephalographic, clinical, and behavioral data will contribute to optimizing therapy for patients with epilepsy.
First record of the azalea lace bug Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott, 1874) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) in the European part of Russia: Molecular genetics and taxonomy of an alien pest
Authors: Zhuravleva Elena N. , Golub Viktor B. , Kirichenko Natalia I. , Shoshina Elena I. , Soboleva Viktoria A. , Karpun Natalia N. , Musolin Dmitrii L.
Published: November 2023

The azalea lace bug Stephanitis (Stephanitis) pyrioides (Scott, 1874) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) originates from the East Palaearctic. In 2020, this alien species was recorded for the first time in the European part of Russia (Krasnodar Territory, Sochi), notably attacking Rhododendron × hybridum hort. It most likely arrived there with plants for planting from Italy. The main morphological characteristics of adults and larvae are described and illustrated. The morphological differences between S. pyrioides and closely related S. pyri (Fabricius, 1775) are highlighted in the key to distinguish these two species, bearing in mind that now both of them can be found in the south of the European part of Russia. Additionally, DNA barcoding data for S. pyrioides from Sochi were analysed against other related species of Stephanitis whose DNA barcodes are available in Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank: S. takeyai Drake et Maa, 1955, S. oberti (Kolenati, 1857), S. mendica Horváth, 1912, and S. chinensis Drake, 1948. The bionomics, distribution, damage and impact of S. pyrioides are outlined.
Species‐specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs
Authors: Diaz‐Martin Zoe , De Vitis Marcello , Havens Kayri , Kramer Andrea T. , MacKechnie Linda M. , Fant Jeremie
Published: November 2023

Plant production practices can influence the genetic diversity of cultivated plant materials and, ultimately, their potential to adapt to a reintroduction site. A common step in the plant production process is the application of seed pretreatment to alleviate physiological seed dormancy and successfully germinate seeds. In production settings, the seeds that germinate more rapidly may be favored in order to fill plant quotas. In this study, we investigated how the application of cold‐moist stratification treatments with different durations can lead to differences in the genetic diversity of the propagated plant materials. Specifically, we exposed seeds of three Viola species to two different cold stratification durations, and then we analyzed the genetic diversity of the resulting subpopulations through double‐digestion restriction site‐associated sequencing (ddRADseq). Our results show that, in two out of three species, utilizing a short stratification period will decrease the genetic diversity of neutral and expressed loci, likely due to the imposition of a genetic bottleneck and artificial selection. We conclude that, in some species, the use of minimal stratification practices in production may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long‐term persistence of reintroduced populations and suggest that practitioners carefully consider the evolutionary implications of their production protocols. We highlight the need to consider the germination ecology of target species when selecting the length of dormancy‐breaking pretreatments.
PAC1 receptor modulation of freezing and flight behavior in periaqueductal gray
Authors: Yavas Ersin , Zhuravka Irina , Fanselow Michael S.
Published: November 2023

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) region is a critical anatomical regulator of fear‐related species‐specific defensive reactions (SSDRs). Pituitary adenylate‐cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), and its main receptor PAC1, play an important role in fear‐related behavior and anxiety disorders. However, the function of the PACAP‐PAC1 system within the PAG with regards to SSDRs has received little attention. To address this gap, we used transgenic PAC1flox/flox mice to examine both conditional and unconditional defensive reactions. We performed conditional PAC1 gene deletion within the ventrolateral(vl)PAG of PAC1flox/flox mice using an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) coding for Cre recombinase. Following viral expression, we used a white noise fear conditioning preparation that produces both an unconditional activity burst to the onset of noise that is followed by conditional freezing. On Day 1, mice received five white noise foot‐shock pairings, whereas on Day 2, they were exposed to white noise five times without shock and we scored the activity burst and freezing to the white noise. Following behavioral testing, histology for immunofluorescent analysis was conducted in order to identify PACAP positive cells and stress‐induced c‐fos activity respectively. We found that PAC1 deletion in vlPAG increased the unconditional activity burst response but disrupted conditional freezing. PAC1 deletion was accompanied by higher c‐fos activity following the behavioral experiments. Furthermore, a significant portion of PACAP‐EGFP positive cells showed overlapping expression with VGAT, indicating their association with inhibitory neurons. The findings suggested that intact PACAP‐PAC1 mechanisms are essential for SSDRs in vlPAG. Therefore, midbrain PACAP contributes to the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating fear responses.
Effect of microbial fermentation on the quality of soybean meal
Authors: Xue Jie , Wu Jiayang , Ji Yanli , Sun Shuyuan , Gao Yaran , Yang Hui , Wu Junrui
Published: November 2023

Soybean meal is an important and inexpensive source of protein in food and animal feed, and contains anti‐nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, antigenic proteins, oligosaccharides, phytic acids and lectins, which limit its application. Microbial fermentation has the capability to improve the nutritional value and biological activities of soybean meal by changing its natural composition. Fermentation results in the degradation of anti‐nutritional factors in soybean meal, an increased amount of small molecular protein peptides and improved content of isoflavone aglycone. However, the nutritional composition and biological activities of the resulting fermented products differ due to the different microbial species and conditions used for fermentation. Compared to soybean meal, fermented soybean meal has several beneficial effects such as digestibility, antioxidant and hypoallergenicity. The objective of this review is to discuss the fermentation processes of soybean meal, as well as outlines some biological activities associated with it. Furthermore, the current application of fermented soybean meal is also summarised.