bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Political Conditions for Local Peacemaking: A Comparative Study of Communal Conflict Resolution in Kenya
Authors: Elfversson Emma
Published: March 2019

How does government bias affect prospects for peace agreements in communal conflicts? Government bias has been shown to have a strong impact on the incidence and dynamics of localized ethnic conflict, but the way that it affects conflict resolution remains underexplored. I argue that government bias makes the conflict parties less likely to overcome the commitment problem, because they cannot trust the government’s willingness to guarantee or uphold any agreement they reach. Consequently, bias reduces the chances that the parties are able to reach a peace agreement. A systematic comparison of four cases in Kenya provides support for this argument. I also distinguish between bias related to strategic interest and bias related to relationships, and find that the former is more durable, whereas the latter is more likely to be influenced by political turnover, thereby opening up possibilities for peacemaking.
Comparing Age- and Grade-Based Norms on the Woodcock–Johnson III Normative Update
Authors: Harrison Allyson G. , Butt Kaitlyn , Armstrong Irene
Published: March 2019

There has been a marked increase in accommodation requests from students with disabilities at both the postsecondary education level and on high-stakes examinations. As such, accurate identification and quantification of normative impairment is essential for equitable provision of accommodations. Considerable diversity currently exists in methods used to diagnose learning disabilities, including whether an impairment is normative or relative. This study investigated the impact on impairment classification if grade-based norms were used to interpret identical raw scores compared with age-based norms. Fourteen raw scores distributed equally across the adult range of the Woodcock–Johnson III Normative Update subtests were scored using norms for either age (18-29 years) or grade (13-17). The results indicate that raw scores receive a significantly lower standardized score (and thus percentile ranking) when grade-based norms are used. Furthermore, the difference between age- and grade-based scores increases dramatically as raw scores decrease, and there is a significant interaction between age and grade in the standard scores obtained. This study provides evidence to suggest that using different norms may result in different decisions about diagnoses and appropriate accommodations.
Ideas in action: ICSW at the forefront of conceptual thinking, social practice and transnational advocacy
Authors: Zelenev Sergei
Published: March 2019

Looking back over its past 90 years of history, the International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) is keen to recognize the changing objectives and associated strategies in policies set up and consistently pursued. Improving the human condition and well-being on the basis of holistic policies and comprehensive social agenda stays paramount in all its transnational activities.
Avoiding “False Alarms” and “Misses” in Psychological Theory Building: Complementing the Principle of Parsimony With the Principle of Tentative Affirmation
Authors: Weger Ulrich W.
Published: March 2019

Scientific parsimony is a reliable safeguard against speculative or ideological theorizing. But it can also hamper the advent of novel ideas and advanced paradigms if misapplied within the context of a conservative thinking style. We illustrate how the principle of parsimony is ideally suited to reduce a particular type of errors—namely the premature acceptance of speculative theories. In a signal-detection framework, such errors are called “false alarms”; but signal detection theory also points to another category of errors—namely “misses,” that is, the failure to acknowledge a positively existing but elusive phenomenon. The methodological repertoire of our falsification-oriented science does not provide a similarly rigorous tool to avoid this caliber of errors. In this paper, we hence argue for introducing a complementary principle—that of tentative affirmation—to also reduce the risk of “misses.” We illustrate this latter principle using the example of conceptual, nonbiological facets of psychological phenomena. We propose a roadmap that consults both principles—parsimony and tentative affirmation—in tandem to help researchers shield their theories against one-sidedness.
The international legal order 1919–2019
Authors: Nardin Terry
Published: March 2019

Despite repeated claims during the past century that the international legal order has been radically transformed, the contours of that order are in many ways the same in 2019 as they were in 1919. New laws govern international institutions, human rights, trade, and the environment and new institutions have emerged that affect how international law is interpreted and applied. War has lost legitimacy as a tool of foreign policy and individual responsibility for aggression and crimes against humanity has been affirmed. Yet these changes build on ideas and practices that may have been rudimentary but were not absent a century ago. Underlying them are persistent differences involving a shifting cast of old and new states as well as differences between local and universal ideals and between instrumental and noninstrumental conceptions of law. The traditional understanding of state sovereignty on which the international legal order rests has been qualified but not discarded, and its persistence confirms that the system it orders remains a system of states.
Morning Reattachment to Work and Work Engagement During the Day: A Look at Day-Level Mediators
Authors: Sonnentag Sabine , Eck Kathrin , Fritz Charlotte , Kühnel Jana
Published: March 2019

Reattachment to work (i.e., rebuilding a mental connection to work) before actually starting work is important for work engagement during the day. Building on motivated action theory, this study examines anticipated task focus, positive affect, and job resources (job control and social support) as mediators that translate reattachment in the morning into work engagement during the day. We collected daily-survey data from 151 employees (total of 620 days) and analyzed these data with a multilevel path model. We found that day-level reattachment to work in the morning predicted anticipated task focus, positive affect, social support, and job control through goal activation and that anticipated task focus, positive affect, social support, and job control predicted work engagement during the day. This study points to the important role of reattachment to work in employee experiences and behaviors throughout the workday and specifically highlights the benefits of such initial mental boundary crossing between life domains for employee engagement at work.
Perioperative Desmopressin for Patients Undergoing Otolaryngologic Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barinsky Gregory L. , Buziashvili David , Svider Peter F. , Carron Michael A. , Folbe Adam J. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Johnson Andrew P.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a hemostatic agent used to manage bleeding in patients with hemostatic disorders, and there is a lack of published data to guide its use during otolaryngology procedures. The objective of this study was to conduct an evidence‐based systematic review of the reported uses, efficacy, and adverse effects of DDAVP in the otolaryngology surgical setting.

Data Sources

PubMed, MEDLINE, and EmBase were searched for articles on the use of DDAVP in otolaryngology.

Review Methods

The Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies criteria and Cochrane bias tool were used to assess study quality. Patient demographics, DDAVP dosing and route, and outcomes such as bleeding and adverse events were collected. A summary of evidence table was created specifying levels of evidence, benefits, and harm.

Results

Nineteen studies encompassing 440 patients were included. Sixteen studies discussed DDAVP for prophylaxis, and 3 discussed postoperative use. DDAVP effectively prevented bleeding in high‐risk patients and successfully facilitated a dry surgical field when necessary. DDAVP had a 100% success rate when used symptomatically. Five studies described adverse effects, including hyponatremia (12.3%), nausea (2.0%), emesis (0.9%), and seizure (0.2%). The aggregate level of evidence for its use was Level B for adenotonsillectomy, septoplasty, and turbinate procedures and Level C for rhinoplasty.

Conclusion

Current literature supports the use of DDAVP in otolaryngology surgical procedures as both a perioperative prophylactic agent and a postoperative symptomatic intervention for bleeding. Both modalities are effective with minimal adverse events. Further well‐designed randomized trials are necessary to conclusively formulate guidelines for DDAVP use in otolaryngology.
Body Image Disturbance in Surgically Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Marsh Courtney H. , Maurer Stacey , Day Terry A. , Sterba Katherine R.
Published: March 2019

This prospective cohort pilot study sought to characterize the short‐term temporal trajectory of, and risk factors for, body image disturbance (BID) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Most patients were male (35/56), had oral cavity cancer (33/56), and underwent microvascular reconstruction (37/56). Using the Body Image Scale (BIS), a validated patient‐reported outcome measure of BID, the prevalence of BID (BIS ≥10) increased from 11% preoperatively to 25% at 1 month postoperatively and 27% at 3 months posttreatment (P <. 001 and P =. 0014 relative to baseline, respectively). Risk factors for BID included female sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐19.8), pT 3 to 4 tumors (OR, 8.9; 95% CI, 2.0‐63.7), and more severe baseline shame and stigma (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.13), depression (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.51), and social isolation (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.49). The prevalence and severity of BID increase immediately posttreatment. Demographic, oncologic, and psychosocial characteristics identify high‐risk patients for targeted interventions.
Patterns of Care and Outcome of Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Oliver Jamie , Wu Peter , Chang Clifford , Roden Dylan , Wang Binhuan , Liu Cheng , Hu Kenneth , Schreiber David , Givi Babak
Published: March 2019

Objective

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy, believed to be generally low grade. We investigated CCC epidemiology and clinical behavior, using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

NCDB.

Subjects and Methods

All CCCs of the salivary glands were selected between 2004 and 2015. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatments, and survival were analyzed. Cox regression analyses were performed in treated patients.

Results

We identified 268 patients with CCC. Median age was 61 (21‐90) years. Most were female (145, 54%). The most common site was oral cavity (119, 44%), followed by major salivary glands (68, 25%) and oropharynx (41, 15%). Most tumors were low grade (81, 68%) and stages I to II (117, 60.6%). Nodal (36, 17.5%) and distant metastases (6, 2.4%) were rare. Most were treated by surgery alone (134, 50.0%), followed by surgery and radiotherapy (69, 25.7%). Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 77.6% (95% CI, 71.4%‐84.2%). In univariate analysis, older age, major salivary gland and sinonasal site, stages III to IV, high grade, and positive margins were associated with worse OS. In multivariate analysis, only high tumor grade (hazard ratio [HR], 5.76; 95% CI, 1.39‐23.85; P =. 02), positive margins (HR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.20‐13.43; P =. 02), and age ≥60 years (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.39‐8.55; P =. 01) were significantly associated with OS.

Conclusion

We report the largest series of clear cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Outcomes are generally favorable following surgical‐based treatments. In this series, pathologic tumor grade is associated with worse survival. Routine evaluation and reporting of tumor grade might better guide physicians in recommending appropriate treatments in this rare malignancy.
Long length of stay in the ICU associates with a high erythrocyte transfusion rate in critically ill patients
Authors: Akbaş Türkay
Published: March 2019

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate epidemiology and outcome among critically ill patients under a restrictive transfusion practice.

Methods

One hundred sixty-nine patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between March 2016 to December 2017 and remained in the ICU > 24 hours were retrospectively included.

Results

Hemoglobin levels on admission were <12 g/dL in 85% and <9 g/dL in 37.9% of patients. The median admission hemoglobin level was decreased on the last day of the ICU stay. Erythrocyte transfusion was required for 34% of patients. Transfused patients had high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, more requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and dialysis, long ICU and hospital stays, low hemoglobin levels, and high hospital and ICU mortality rates. Multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of transfusion increased from 6.6 to 25.8 fold when the ICU stay extended from ≥7 to ≥15 days. Age, vasopressor use, dialysis, and erythrocyte transfusion ≥5 units were predictors of mortality.

Conclusion

Patients receiving transfusion are severely ill and have more life support therapies. The number of erythrocyte units transfused, age, and organ support therapies are independent predictors of mortality.
A fatigue crack initiation and growth life estimation method in single-bolted connections
Authors: Jirandehi Arash P , Chakherlou TN
Published: March 2019

Fatigue life estimation accuracy of mechanical parts and assemblies has always been the source of concern in different industries. The main contribution of this article lies in a study on the accuracy of different multiaxial fatigue criteria, proposing and investigating the accuracy of four optimized fatigue crack initiation life estimation methods—volume, weighted volume, surface and point, thereby improving the multiaxial fatigue life estimation accuracy. In order to achieve the goal, the fatigue lives of bolt clamped specimens, previously tested under defined experimental conditions, were estimated during fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth and then summed together. In the fatigue crack initiation part, a code was written and used in the MATLAB software environment based on critical plane approach and the different multiaxial fatigue criteria. Besides the AFGROW software was utilized to estimate the crack growth share of fatigue life. Experimental and numerical results showed to be in agreement. Furthermore, detailed study and comparison of the results with the available experimental data showed that a combination of Smith–Watson–Topper approach and volume method results in lower error values, while a combination of Fatemi–Socie criterion and surface or point method presents estimated lives with lower error values. In addition, the numerical proposed procedure resulted in a good prediction of the location of fatigue crack initiation.
Gaudí's Quest for an Architectural Language Rooted in Natural form
Authors: Pier Arthur S.
Published: March 2019

“The great book, always open and always a good idea to make the effort to read, is that of nature; other books have come out of that and also have the interpretations and errors of man. There are two revelations: one, doctrinaire, of morals and religion; and the other, a guide through the facts, which is that of the great book of nature.” —Antoni Gaudí1
Aid for the Animals of Africa
Authors: Shull Jodie A.
Published: March 2019

“It is an African belief that the wild animals do not belong to man, but to God.”

—Gareth Patterson
Folon, Setting Traps to Light
Authors: Angelroth Stéphanie
Published: March 2019

I think that, for each sculpture, there's a place waiting for it, a perfect spot expecting it, because there's a dialogue between that piece of work and that space. —Folon
Intersections in Portraiture: Exploring Humanism
Authors: Catren NR
Published: March 2019

“Anyone who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eyes are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light.”— Plato, The Republic
Animal Sculptors: And the Evolution of Zoos
Authors: Wilkinson Todd
Published: March 2019

“In wildness is the preservation of the world” (—Henry David Thoreau)
At Least a Tree: The Transformative Material Memory of Efraïm Rodriguez
Authors: Catren N R
Published: March 2019

Dreams are excursions into the limbo of things, a semi‐deliverance from the human prison. —Amiel's Journal: The Journal Intime of Henri‐Frédéric Amiel

I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man. —Chuang Tzu, Zhuangzi
(Thought) Process Driven: The Inconsonant Imprints of Mind and Machine
Authors: Catren NR
Published: March 2019

“Are limbs, so dear‐achieved, are sides Full nerved, still warm, too hard to stir? Was it for this the clay grew tall?”—Wilfred Owen, Futility

“Paradoxically, the ability to transform memory is the norm, while the problem in PTSD is that the full brunt of an experience does not fade with time” — Bessel van der Kolk, Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder and Memory
Giovanni Balderi
Authors: Karl John
Published: March 2019

“…You Carve Inside of Yourself and …Become a Spectator of the Sculpture that Appears While you Work.” —Giovanni Balderi
When an Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Resolves, What Remains?
Authors: Shulman Lisa , D’Agostino Erin , Lee Samantha , Valicenti-McDermott Maria , Seijo Rosa , Tulloch Elizabeth , Meringolo Deborah , Tarshis Nancy
Published: March 2019

A chart review was performed of 38 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by 3 years of age at an inner-city developmental program who subsequently experienced resolution of ASD symptomatology and no longer met diagnostic criteria for ASD at follow-up an average of 4 years later. Demographic, developmental/cognitive data, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule data as available were reviewed from the initial diagnostic evaluation and at the time of follow-up. Services received by the children between the time of diagnosis and follow-up, educational setting at the time of follow-up, and emotional/behavioral and learning diagnoses made by the multidisciplinary team at follow-up were reviewed. The findings indicate that residual emotional/behavioral and learning problems were present at follow-up in the vast majority of children in this group and that the majority continued to require educational support.
He korowai o ngā tīpuna: Voice hearing and communication from ancestors
Authors: NiaNia Wiremu , Bush Allister , Epston David
Published: March 2019

Objective:

This article describes the voice hearing experiences of a young Māori man, and the joint Māori healing and psychiatry assessment he received, in which the Māori healer (WN) concluded that some of the young man’s experiences could be accounted for by ancestral kaitiaki (spiritual guardians).

Conclusions:

Kaitiaki are commonly accepted in Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) as an explanation for some types of voice hearing experiences. Collaboration between a Māori healer and a psychiatrist can offer Māori whānau (individuals and families) more appropriate mental health assessment and intervention than conventional psychiatric assessment alone when Māori spiritual experiences are suspected.
Intraoral Digital Impression Technique for a Neonate With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Patel Jilen , Winters John , Walters Mark
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Dental casts are an important aspect in the treatment planning, documentation, and analysis of the dental arch forms of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Impression taking in a neonate is a technique-sensitive procedure, which can result in foreign body dislodgement and carries a small risk of aspiration and airway obstruction. The advent of digital dental technologies and intraoral scanning may facilitate safer, more effective, and accurate impressions for CLP infants.

Design:

A digital intraoral scan of a 3-month-old with bilateral CLP (BCLP) was compared with a conventional alginate impression taken prior to primary lip repair.

Setting:

Princess Margaret Hospital for Children.

Main Outcome Measures:

To test the applicability and accuracy of digital impression taking for a neonate with BCLP and palate using digital morphometrics.

Results:

The average deviation of points ranged above and below the plane of superimposition from +0.78 mm to −0.42 mm with a maximum range of +2.80 mm to −2.80 mm and standard deviation of 0.88 mm. The premaxillary segment showed the greatest degree of variation.

Conclusions:

This is to our knowledge the first report that illustrates the use of a digital impression system to scan the oral structures of a neonate with BCLP. Digital scanning was found to be fast, accurate, and safe, when compared to a conventional alginate impression technique.
Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Targeted, Personalized Risk Information to Increase Appropriate Screening by First-Degree Relatives of People With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reeves Penny , Doran Christopher , Carey Mariko , Cameron Emilie , Sanson-Fisher Robert , Macrae Finlay , Hill David
Published: March 2019

Background. Economic evaluations are less commonly applied to implementation interventions compared to clinical interventions. The efficacy of an implementation strategy to improve adherence to screening guidelines among first-degree relatives of people with colorectal cancer was recently evaluated in a randomized-controlled trial. Using these trial data, we examined the costs and cost-effectiveness of the intervention from societal and health care funder perspectives. Method. In this prospective, trial-based evaluation, mean costs, and outcomes were calculated. The primary outcome of the trial was the proportion of participants who had screening tests in the year following the intervention commensurate with their risk category. Quality-adjusted life years were included as secondary outcomes. Intervention costs were determined from trial records. Standard Australian unit costs for 2016/2017 were applied. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using the net benefit framework. Nonparametric bootstrapping was used to calculate uncertainty intervals (UIs) around the costs and the incremental net monetary benefit statistic. Results. Compared with usual care, mean health sector costs were $17 (95% UI [$14, $24]) higher for those receiving the intervention. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the primary trial outcome was calculated to be $258 (95% UI [$184, $441]) per additional person appropriately screened. The significant difference in adherence to screening guidelines between the usual care and intervention groups did not translate into a mean quality-adjusted life year difference. Discussion. Providing information on both the costs and outcomes of implementation interventions is important to inform public health care investment decisions. Challenges in the application of cost–utility analysis hampered the interpretation of results and potentially underestimated the value of the intervention. Further research in the form of a modeled extrapolation of the intermediate increased adherence effect and distributional cost-effectiveness to include equity requirements is warranted.
MAI Te Kupenga: Supporting Māori and Indigenous doctoral scholars within Higher Education
Authors: Pihama Leonie , Lee-Morgan Jenny , Smith Linda Tuhiwai , Tiakiwai Sarah Jane , Seed-Pihama Joeliee
Published: March 2019

This article shares insights into the Māori and Indigenous Doctoral support programme, MAI Te Kupenga, as one assertion of Indigenous approaches within the Higher Education sector. Including the views of Māori and Indigenous staff and scholars from a larger project “Te Tātua o Kahukura” which explored Māori and Indigenous postdoctoral capacity building, this article provides an overview of Māori staff and students reflections on the role of MAI Te Kupenga in supporting Māori and Indigenous scholars throughout their doctoral journey. Key areas of focus for this article are (i) the implications of systemic racism for Māori and Indigenous scholars; (ii) the effectiveness of supervision for Māori and Indigenous scholars and (iii) the role of MAI Te Kupenga in providing positive support mechanisms for Māori and Indigenous scholars studying in mainstream university contexts.
RBBP6 Is Abundantly Expressed in Human Cervical Carcinoma and May Be Implicated in Its Malignant Progression
Authors: Dlamini Zodwa , Ledwaba Thokozile , Hull Rodney , Naicker Sarala , Mbita Zukile
Published: March 2019

RBBP6 is a novel gene encoding splicing-associated proteins. There are 3 protein isoforms (isoforms 1-3). RBBP6 isoforms 1 has been shown to interact with both p53 and Rb. It also plays a role in the induction of apoptosis and the regulation of the cell cycle. The expression of RBBP6 has been documented in several cancers but RBBP6 expression in cervical cancer has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to establish expression levels and tissue distribution of the RBBP6 gene products at both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in cervical cancer by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). A link between RBBP6 expression, apoptosis, and cervical cancer progression was also investigated. RBBP6 mRNA was expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of normal and tumour cervical epithelium. In general, expression was high in the cytoplasm and nuclei of moderately differentiated and invasive carcinoma. Immunolabelling results were confirmed by image analysis and ISH experiments. Apoptosis assays using TUNEL correlated with the expression of the RBBP6 gene in all examined cases. This is the first report on the abundant expression of RBBP6 in cervical cancer and its involvement in the malignant progression of cervical cancer. Because of the high expression and corresponding pro-apoptotic activity observed in cervical cancer cells in this study, we suggest that RBBP6 is involved in the malignant progression of cervical cancer. RBBP6 proteins can therefore be targeted for therapeutic interventions against cervical cancer.
Hybrid Threats and Preparedness Strategies: The Reconceptualization of Biological Threats and Boundaries in Global Health Emergencies
Authors: Cañada Jose A
Published: March 2019

Pandemic emergencies are one of the foremost examples of the turn to preparedness. In this article, I discuss how biological threats are conceptualized inside the frame provided by such turn, connecting with novel governance practices aimed at tackling the challenges posed by the constantly shifting boundaries of global health. First, I review existing literature related to the turn to preparedness. This turn has turned virtual biological threats into the main drivers for preparedness planning. Second, I use empirical material to argue a redefinition of biological threats as entities that go beyond the molecular boundaries of viruses, turning hybrid social networks into the main object of interest for global health response before infectious diseases. This reconceptualization is manifested in three different challenges to the boundaries of global health emergencies: (1) a temporal challenge, which forces institutions to struggle with situating the boundary between event and non-event; (2) an institutional challenge, which brings together different actors, institutions, and organizations redefining their internal and external boundaries; and (3) a spatial challenge, whereby the territorial lines of secure and insecure spaces become mobile and unstable. As a conclusion, I will argue that those three challenges and the redefinition of certain boundaries are ways to govern a wider divide constructed by preparedness that aims at separating the threat and an object of protection.
Intergenerational communication regarding Indian Residential Schools: Implications for cultural identity, perceived discrimination, and depressive symptoms
Authors: Matheson Kimberly , Bombay Amy , Dixon Kaylyn , Anisman Hymie
Published: March 2019

Two studies assessed the nature of parental communication about the trauma of Indian Residential Schools (IRSs) in relation to the psychological distress of their adult offspring, and whether the link between parental communication and distress was mediated by offsprings’ greater awareness of collective discrimination or sense of pride in cultural identity. In Study 1, an online survey of Indigenous participants from across Canada ( N = 498) demonstrated a curvilinear relation between the extent to which parents talked about their negative IRS experiences and the severity of depressive symptoms among offspring, among whom symptoms were particularly pronounced with more frequent communication. This relation was mediated by greater perceived discrimination. A similar, but inverse, association was found when parental communications conveyed positive construals of their IRS experiences. Study 2 ( N = 134) further demonstrated an association between direct communications from IRS survivors and offspring wellbeing in that, either the absence of, or especially frequent communications were related to more severe depressive symptoms among offspring. However, hearing about parental IRS experiences from someone other than the parent was not related to offsprings’ depressive symptoms. Qualitative analyses indicated that direct communications from parents tended to provide excessive detail, whereas parental silence was associated with speculation and feelings of isolation or resentment among offspring of IRS survivors. Taken together, the results suggest that either insufficient or excessive parental communication about trauma might undermine offspring wellbeing, whereas moderate levels of communication that provide positive meaning and promote cultural pride or diminish perceptions of personal discrimination could be beneficial.
Using predictive analytics to identify drug-resistant epilepsy patients
Authors: Delen Dursun , Davazdahemami Behrooz , Eryarsoy Enes , Tomak Leman , Valluru Abhinav
Published: March 2019

Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders that greatly affects patients’ quality of life and poses serious risks to their health. While the majority of the patients positively respond to the existing anti-epilepsy drugs, others who developed the refractory type of epilepsy show resistance against drug therapy and need to undergo advance treatments such as surgery. Given that identifying such patients is not a straightforward process and requires long courses of trial and error with anti-epilepsy drugs, this study aims at predicting those at-risk patients using clinical and demographic data obtained from electronic medical records. Specifically, the study employs several predictive analytics machine-learning methods, equipped with a novel approach for data balancing, to identify drug-resistant patients using their comorbidities and demographic information along with the initial epilepsy-related diagnosis made by their physician. The promising results we obtained highlight the potential use of machine-learning techniques in facilitating medical decisions and suggest the possibility of extending the proposed approach for developing a clinical decision support system for medical professionals.
Research Note: The measurement of road lighting with developed artificial intelligence software
Authors: Kayakuş M , Üncü IS
Published: March 2019

Road lighting needs to be measured at regular time intervals. In this way, new road lighting projects can be controlled in compliance with the specifications, and existing road lighting luminaires that are damaged or of reduced efficiency can be identified and replaced. Today, lighting measurements are mostly made by using hardware tools that make point measurements. The use of this method requires expert staff, money and time. In this pilot study, artificial intelligence and web-based software were developed to make road lighting measurements using photographs of roads. For this purpose, reference points have been determined on the road. The correlation between luminance values and pixel values of these points was established using artificial intelligence techniques. Artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system methods are used to establish the correlation. With this software, the difficulties encountered when using the conventional measurement method are reduced; road lighting measurements can be done in a short time, cost-free and online.
Impact of the LED-based light source working regime on the degradation of polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Sikora A , Tomczuk K
Published: March 2019

The popularity of LED-based luminaires has increased enormously in recent years. Every such luminaire consists of several elements including a polymer-based transparent housing, yet some of the ageing aspects of specific luminaire materials have not been investigated. In this paper, we present research aimed at determining the impact of LED lamp powering mode on polymer material deterioration. In the experiment, three LED lamp operating systems based on two different pulse width modulation units and one DC power source were used to induce deterioration in a polymethyl methacrylate sample. Two types of LEDs, white and ultraviolet, were considered as the most significant in terms of the impact on the material. Observations of the surface's morphological changes were performed to enable non-destructive investigation of the degradation of the exposed samples. In order to obtain high roughness detection sensitivity, atomic force microscopy was used. We observed various ageing ratios of the material, despite the fact that total average optical energy for specific wavelengths was equal for all samples. The importance of these findings for designing modern luminaires is discussed.
Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroplasty in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Notermans Bo J. W. , Lans Jonathan , Arnold Denise , Jupiter Jesse B. , Chen Neal C.
Published: March 2019

Background: Silicone metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that the preoperative degree of ulnar drift and radial wrist deviation influences the durability of MCP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone MCP arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent MCP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 73 patients who underwent 252 arthroplasties. Fingers treated included 66 index, 67 long, 60 ring, and 59 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 9.1% (N = 23). Indications for reoperation were implant breakage (n = 11), instability (n = 4), soft tissue complications (n = 4), infections (n = 3), and stiffness (n = 1). There was a trend that patients who underwent single-digit arthroplasty had higher rates of revision (19% vs 3.5%, P = .067). Radiographic follow-up demonstrated joint incongruency in 50% of cases, bone erosion in 58% of cases, and implant breakage in 19% of cases. There was a trend toward higher rates of revision in patients without preoperative MCP joint subluxation (19% vs 6.7%, P = .065) The 1-, 5-, and 10-year implant survival rates were 96%, 92%, and 70%, respectively. Revision surgery occurred at <14 months in 15 patients (65%) and after 5 years in 8 (35%) patients. Conclusions: Revision surgery after silicone MCP arthroplasty appears to be bimodal. Patients with greater hand function preoperatively may be at higher risk of revision surgery.
Variable steering ratio design and handling stability research for steer-by-wire forklift
Authors: Huang Junjie , Xiao Benxian
Published: March 2019

For the TFC35 steer-by-wire forklift, a linear 3-degree-of-freedom forklift model is given, which provides a verification model for variable steering ratio design. The concept of ideal steering ratio is expounded. The variable steering ratio algorithm based on constant yaw rate gain and the variable steering ratio algorithm based on constant lateral acceleration gain are studied. A variable steering ratio algorithm based on two kinds of gain combination is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three static variable steering ratio algorithms based on constant gain are simulated and analyzed. Aiming at complex working conditions, a dynamic variable steering ratio control scheme based on fuzzy neural network is proposed. The definition, implementation steps, and adjustment algorithms of each layer of fuzzy neural network are given. The final experiment results show that the dynamic variable steering ratio method based on fuzzy neural network is more resistant to the disturbance of its own parameters and can be used in complex dynamic conditions, which helps to improve the handling stability of the forklift.
Absent Patriarchs and Persuasive Enforcers of the Future Nation: A Contextualized Reading of American Wartime Fathers in Walt Disney’s Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi
Authors: Isojärvi Aino AT
Published: March 2019

This article discusses the portrayal of fatherhood and paternity in Walt Disney’s benchmark features Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941) and Bambi (1942) through a contextualized historical and cultural analysis. The author aims to provide a coherent study of how the father figure is constructed in each of these films and why the tone of this presentation varies considerably within the short time span between the theatrical releases. The article proceeds to demonstrate how, with their prominent father characters, these features exhibit metaphorically the transitional and challenged sentiments regarding fatherhood and masculinity in early 1940s America. The immense societal crises, the Great Depression and the Second World War, destabilized prevalent gender roles and, as a response, sparked ideologically charged discourses that were pretentiously spread in contemporary mainstream film, and which sought to restore the former patriarchal order. This article intends to discover to what extent the Disney studio participated in these popular discourses or used them for its own interests. Finally, the article investigates how these films contribute to the construction and understanding of ‘reality’ of this past and the role of fathers within it.
Stroke in the Middle-East and North Africa: A 2-year prospective observational study of stroke characteristics in the region—Results from the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS)–Middle-East and North African (MENA)
Authors: Rukn Suhail Al , Mazya Michael V , Hentati Faycal , Sassi Samia Ben , Nabli Fatma , Said Zakharia , Faouzi Belahsen , Hashim Husnain , Abd-Allah Foad , Mansouri Benhan , Kesraoui Selma , Gebeily Souheil , Abdulrahman Husen , Akhtar Naveed , Ahmed Niaz , Wahlgren Nils , Aref Hany , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Moreira Tiago
Published: March 2019

Background and methods

Stroke incidence and mortality are reported to have increased in the Middle-East and North African (MENA) countries during the last decade. This was a prospective observational study to examine the baseline characteristics of stroke patients in the MENA region and to compare the MENA vs. the non-MENA stroke cohort in the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) International Registry.

Results

Of the 13,822 patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke enrolled in the SITS-All Patients Protocol between June 2014 and May 2016, 5897 patients (43%) were recruited in MENA. The median onset-to-door time was 5 h (IQR: 2:20–13:00), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 8 (4–13) and age was 65 years (56–76). Hypertension (66%) and diabetes (38%) were the prevailing risk factors; large artery stenosis > 50% (25.3%) and lacunar strokes (24.1%) were the most common ischemic stroke etiologies. In comparison, non-MENA countries displayed an onset-to-door time of 5:50 h (2:00–18:45), a median of NIHSS 6 (3–14), and a median age of 66 (56–76), with other large vessel disease and cardiac embolism as the main ischemic stroke etiologies. Hemorrhagic strokes (10%) were less common compared to non-MENA countries (13.9%). In MENA, only a low proportion of patients (21%) was admitted to stroke units.

Conclusions

MENA patients are slightly younger, have a higher prevalence of diabetes and slightly more severe ischemic strokes, commonly of atherosclerotic or microvascular etiology. Admission into stroke units and long-term follow-up need to be improved. It is suspected that cardiac embolism and atrial fibrillation are currently underdiagnosed in MENA countries.
Climate-as-condition, the origins of climate change and the centrality of the social sciences
Authors: Paterson Matthew
Published: March 2019

This commentary seeks to extend and interrogate the notion of ‘climate-as-condition’ deployed in Bulkeley’s paper. It does so by proposing that we complement the focus on how climate change is currently being made and remade, rather than appearing as a problem to which we respond, with an interrogation of the historical production of climate change by particular social forces and processes. In doing this, it seeks another way to insist on the centrality of the social sciences in understanding climate change. But it also suggests that the sorts of vignettes that Bulkeley develops may be understood differently if they are situated historically.
The potentials and perils of pluralism in culturally and politically inflected economic geography
Authors: Pike Andy
Published: March 2019

Engaging the ‘Geographies of Dissociation’ in the spirit of constructive dialogue and debate, this commentary recognizes its contributions and raises issues and questions relating to the potential and perils of pluralism, value, the material and the symbolic, and uneven geographical development and its politics. Building on the claim that pluralism needs to be a means to greater explanation and understanding rather than an end in and of itself, it argues for a more balanced culturally and politically grounded economic geography.
The effects of indoor and outdoor sports participation and seasonal changes on vitamin D levels in athletes
Authors: Aydın Canan Gönen , Dinçel Yaşar Mahsut , Arıkan Yavuz , Taş Süleyman Kasım , Deniz Serdar
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Nowadays, people tend to spend more time in the closed areas and benefit less from sunlight. In this study, we examined the results of vitamin D measurements of athletes from different disciplines in different months and aimed to determine if the synthesis of vitamin D decreases or not according to exercise environment and month.

Methods:

The study was conducted in participants aged 5–52 years. A total of 555 elite-level sportsmen who were admitted to our Sports Medicine Clinic in the study participated in this study. Indoor and outdoor environmental and seasonal effects on the measurements in different months were statistically evaluated. Independent-samples test and definitive statistics were used for statistical analyses and a p-value less than 0.05 has been considered significant.

Results:

The study group consisted of 229 male and 326 female athletes. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was observed; 120 (21.6%) athletes have severe serum vitamin D deficiency (<11–20 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels were not significantly different from outdoor athletes (393; 70.8%). Winter measurements of vitamin D levels were significantly lower than those measured in autumn (p = 0.000).

Conclusion:

Increasing vitamin D levels are very important especially in participating athletes and additional supplements are recommended whenever necessary. Gender and indoor/outdoor sports participation showed no statistically significant outcomes on vitamin D levels. However, winter season had a negative effect on vitamin D levels. Therefore, adequate precautions should be taken to increase vitamin D, especially during winter, to maintain the best performance of the athletes.
Evidence Based Practice—Relevance to Occupational Health Nurses
Authors: Salazar Mary K.
Published: March 2019

More than 10 years have passed since Dr. Sally Lusk introduced this column to the AAOHN Journal in 1992. Its purpose, as stated by Dr. Lusk, is to acquaint occupational health nurses with an array of research studies that have relevance and application to occupational health nursing practice. Clearly, it has achieved this goal. The success of the column is reflected in a recent readership survey conducted by SLACK Incorporated, which indicated the vast majority of respondents read the column. Of those who read it, 86% indicated it was useful in their practice. During the years, 40 columns have provided readers with a breadth of valuable information that has contributed to occupational health nurses' knowledge, and subsequently, their ability to be more effective in their practice. I am honored and humbled to have been selected to continue the tradition established by Dr. Lusk. 1 invite you, the readers, to keep me informed about your interests and questions in terms of research that can inform your practice. If you would like to contribute to this column, please contact me directly at msalazar@u.washington.edu.
Organizational Factors Related to Safety in a Psychiatric Hospital: Employee Perceptions
Authors: Calabro Karen , Baraniuk Sarah
Published: March 2019

Physical assaults on mental health care workers by aggressive patients were the leading cause of occupational injuries to staff working in a community psychiatric hospital. More than $1 million was estimated to be lost in 1 year because of these occupational injuries. This problem was assessed by examining the organizational factors related to safety at the hospital. The cross sectional survey design measured the perceptions of mental health care workers about the commitment of management to safety (i.e., safety climate). Overall, results indicated the subscale for safety climate was high (3.77 ± .66 [mean ± SD] on a 5 scale), given the magnitude of recalled incidents and injuries involving patients against staff. Safety climate was associated with three variables that included administrative controls, occupational stress, and job task demands. Results of the study were useful in determining specific changes for improving safety. The study findings demonstrated the practicality and feasibility of in-house assessments to diagnose areas that require attention, support, and improvement.
Occupational Health Nurses' Educational Needs: What do They Want?
Authors: Mackey Thomas A. , Cole Frank L. , Parnell Susan
Published: March 2019

Educational preferences, impediments to obtaining an education, and the needs of occupational health nurses are not well understood. The purposes of this regional study were to determine the graduate and continuing educational preferences, impediments, and needs of occupational health nurses in the states of Texas, New Mexico, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. Questionnaires (1,172) were mailed to all occupational health nurses identified by the respective state boards of nursing (N = 5). Results from 256 (response rate of 21.8%) returned questionnaires show 43.8% were interested in obtaining a graduate degree in occupational health nursing while only 48.8% of employers encourage them to obtain a higher degree. Only 33.2% reported the company for which they work provides rewards for obtaining an advanced degree or certification as an occupational health nurse. The two greatest impediments to obtaining a graduate degree as an occupational health nurse were a long distance from campus (56.3%) and lack of money (37.9%).