bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amerykańska polityka wobec rynku pracy a weterani pokolenia 9/11
Authors: Korolczuk Adam
Published: January 2020

Jeszcze kilka lat temu zatrudnienie weterana było kojarzone w Stanach Zjednoczonych z działalnością charytatywną. Obecnie zarówno administracja publiczna, jak i wiele firm sektora prywatnego wyrażają chęć pomocy byłym żołnierzom. Wygaszanie obecności Amerykanów w Afganistanie, połączone z cięciami wydatków na obronę, spowoduje, że z sił zbrojnych będzie musiało odejść w ciągu najbliższych pięciu lat około miliona żołnierzy. Większość z nich zasili rynek pracy, jednak znaczna część, zwłaszcza najmłodszych weteranów wojen w Iraku i Afganistanie, pozostanie bezrobotna. Sprawy weteranów są niezwykle istotne zarówno dla prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kongresu, jak i całego społeczeństwa amerykańskiego, gdyż związane są z ekonomiczno-społeczną stroną funkcjonowania państwa. Natomiast błędne wyobrażenie na temat byłych żołnierzy uniemożliwia wykorzystanie ich potencjału oraz nabytych w wojsku umiejętności i nie przekłada się w żaden sposób na ekonomię państwa. Taka sytuacja jest frustrująca, ponieważ weterani potrafią być bardzo dobrymi pracownikami, posiadają wiele zalet, które są pożądane wśród zatrudniających, m.in. umiejętności przywódcze, współdziałanie, lojalność, inicjatywę.
Vitamin E as an inhibitor of oxidative damage to goose meat storage
Authors: Danchenko E. , Ruban A. , Zdorovtseva L. , Danchenko N. , Gaponenko T. , Kolyadenko V.
Published: January 2020

The vitamin E effect on the lipid peroxidation product content and the endogenous antioxidant activity (at -18 C during the different types of storage) has been studied in goose meat. The goose meat of three samples has been used for storage. Meat of control sample has been obtained from geese fed by the standard diet.
The 1st meat test sample of geese differs from the control group by two times higher content of vitamin E (40 mg / kg) in their diet from the 42nd to the 63rd day.
Meat of the 2nd test sample obtained from the control group of geese is processed by a vitamin E solution (calculated at 100 mcg per g of meat) immediately before storage. The shelf life of meat is 210 days. It has been established that the intensive accumulation of the secondary lipid peroxidation products begins from the 90th day in the goose meat during its storage. In the goose diet a double increase of the vitamin E has contributed a significant (by 27.6%, p ≤ 0.05) TBA-AP decrease in the first meat test sample in comparison with the control group at the end of the experiment.
The addition of vitamin E to the diet of geese has contributed the stabilization of the antioxidant pool in their meat. It has been confirmed by a 1.88-fold lower level of TBA-AP upon initiation of peroxide oxidation of Fe2+ and by the higher coefficient of antioxidant activity (36.0%, p ≤ 0.05) in this sample in comparison with the control on the 210th day.
At the end of the experiment, the vitamin E content is higher 41.7 % (p ≤ 0.01) in the first sample than in the control, β-carotene - 15.0 % (p ≤ 0.05), and vitamin A is at the level of the control sample. Processed goose meat with a solution of vitamin E also provides reliable inhibition of peroxidation processes during the first half of the experiment.
However, at the end of the experiment the content of TBA-AP reaches the level of the corresponding control indices in the 2nd test sample of meat. From the 120th day, there has been the more intensive use of endogenous antioxidants. The antioxidant activity coefficient decreasing to the control level on the 210th day in this meat sample is its conformation. The meat of this sample differs by a higher content of β-carotene from the control sample significantly (by 13.5%, p ≤ 0.05). Thus, to obtain a prolonged antioxidant effect during low-temperature storage of meat it is more advisable to add vitamin E to the diet of geese in the pre-slaughter period.
Key words: geese, meat storage, lipoperoxidation products, antioxidant activity, vitamins E, A, β-carotene.
Effect of active yeast on productive traits of chicken-livers
Authors: Orishchuk O. , Tsap S. , Izhboldina О.
Published: January 2020

The results of the studying of active yeasts Saccharomy cescerevisiae influence on the egg-laying capacity and morphological characteristics of the hens "NOVOgen brown" breed eggs are presented. 250 laying hens were divided into five groups of 50 birds. In scientific and economic experiment laying hens of experimental groups were fed with combined feed containing active yeast in the amount of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08% instead of a similar amount of soybean meal. The feeding of experimental hens was carried out twice a day with complete combined feed. The poultry was kept in triple- deck cages. During the study period, which continued 180 days, all groups received complete combined feed mainly from cereal. The results of the determination of the chemical composition of active yeast showed that they contain raw protein 46.77% by Kjeldahl method and 41.64% by Barstein method, non-protein nitrogen − 5.13%, raw fat − 2.96%. As a result of the research it was found that the level of exchange energy in 1 kg of active yeast Saccharomy cescerevisiae was 362.9 MJ/kg. The amino acid composition of active yeasts was characterized by the advantage of nonessential amino acids such as glutamic acid (14.5 %), aspartic acid (8.09%) and essential amino acid as leucine (9.2 %), lysine (8.9 %), phenylalanine (8.63%), isoleucine 5.6 %), threonine (5.5%) and serine (5.3 %).
The high level of glutamic acid in the yeast improves the taste of the feed, which resulted in increased appetite and better in taking of the feed. Thus, during the entire period of scientific and economic experiment the egg-laying capacity of hens of experimental groups in relation to the control group increased: in the 2nd group by 3.69%; in the 3d group by 4.26%, in the 4th group by 6.63% and in the 5th group by 5.21%, and more eggs were received in the experimental groups from both the primary and the average laying hen. Despite the fact that in the 5th experimental group where hens received Saccharomy cescerevisiae in the amount of 0.08 % in the combined feed, the productivity of the poultry was slightly lower, but the egg mass, the yolk mass, the Haugh unit and the energy value were higher by 1.1; 11.6 (P<0.001); 1.9 (P<0.001) and 6.6 % (P<0.001) respectively. This is related to the best using of amino acids from this feed supplement.
Key words: chickens, compound feed, amino acid composition of Saccharomy cescerevisiae, productivity.
Efficiency of energy feed supplement Cobiotic Energy in diets for cows
Authors: Radchicov V. , Tzai V. , Kot A. , Sapsaleva T. , Besarab G. , Razumovskyi S. , Pirova L.
Published: January 2020

The influence of feeding high-performance cows of the energy feed additive Cobiotic Energy on the physiological state and productivity have been studied.
Experiments have been carried out on with groups of dairy cows with 10 animals each during 55 days. The diet of cows of the first control group consisted of haylage of cereal and leguminous plants, corn silage, molasses, cereal hay, and feed of own production. 0.3 kg of feed additive has been introduced into the diet of animals of the experimental group II 15 days before calving, in the first 10 days after calving, as compensation for energy losses, 0.75 kg 3 times a day. In the next 30 days of the milking season with the ration of animals of the experimental group II, 0.25 kg of Cobiotic Energy has been fed, sprinkling it on top of the feed mixture.
It has been established that the use of feed additives in the diets of cows has a positive effect on feed intake, physiological condition and animal productivity. It was determined that concentration of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry matter of the diet made 9–16– 9.2 MJ. The diet contained 12.8–13.0 % of crude protein per 1 kg of dry matter, the concentration of fiber in dry matter made 22.3– 22.0 %. The sugar-protein ratio made 1.04:1; 1.0. In terms of energy nutrition, the diet of the experimental group due to the inclusion of the feed supplement was 6 MJ higher, however, it slightly affected concentration of metabolizable energy of the diet. The energy-protein ratio corresponded to 0.2– 0.21. The nitrogen balance in the rumen was positive in all the animals and was at the level of 0.13–0.4 g.
Feeding animals with supplement in the diet in the last 15 days of the dry period, during the first 10 days after calving and the next 30 days of the milking period promoted activation of protein biosynthesis and energy metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in serum total protein and its albumin fraction and ultimately increased animal productivity. The studied supplement use in the diets for cows makes it possible to increase performance of cows by 8.0 %, fat content by 0.1 %, protein by 0.24 %, lactose by 0.11 %, reduce the cost of feed for obtaining natural milk by 6.1%.
Key words: feed supplement Cobiotic Energy, cows, diets, blood, milk yield, feed costs, milk quality.
Evaluación de las habilidades escritas en inglés y su desarrollo.
Authors: Dávila Yánez Gabriela Paulina , Damián Tixi Deysi Lucia , Chamorro Ortega Cristina Paola , Plua Vinces Karen Alexandra
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue evaluar las habilidades escritas que sirva de base para la elaboración de una estrategia que permita su desarrollo. Para ello se identificó las dimensiones de estructura, contenidos, escritura y uso de recursos. Las dimensiones fueron evaluadas a través de una rúbrica mediante la aplicación de un conjunto de actividades contempladas en plan de estudio y desarrolladas mediante un cronograma. La investigación fue descriptiva estadística, de campo y bibliográfica. La muestra fue intencional y estuvo constituida por 32 estudiantes de primer nivel de la Facultad de Administración de Empresas de la Escuela Superior de Chimborazo entre hombres y mujeres. Los estudiantes presentaban similares características, ya que cursan la asignatura y tienen los mimos recursos en el proceso de aprendizaje del idioma inglés. El instrumento aplicado para la obtención de los datos fue elaborado, revisado y aprobado por expertos en el área. Los resultados obtenidos fueron filtrados, tabulados, analizados e interpretados a través de tablas y gráficos. Lo que permitió establecer que los estudiantes presentan problemas en la habilidad de la escritura, pues los componentes evaluados de estructura, contenidos, escritura y uso de recursos necesitan ser atendidos mediante una estrategia para su desarrollo.
High dielectric ring resonators for designing passive filter
Authors: Moradi Bahareh , Garcia Joan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the utilization of high dielectric constant resonator as a passive element for design of filter in the range of Ku band is investigated. The design is based on a new kind of dielectric resonator fabricated with a commercial high dielectric constant EPOXY paste. The design is based on a microstrip line periodically loaded with a new kind of dielectric resonator fabricated with a commercial high dielectric constant Epoxy paste compatible
with serigraphy and screen printing technology.
Carbon budgets of two typical polyculture pond systems in coastal China and their potential roles in the global carbon cycle
Authors: Zhang D , Tian X , Dong S , Chen Y , Feng J , He RP , Zhang K
Published: January 2020

The role of aquaculture systems in the global carbon cycle is poorly understood to date. We investigated the carbon budgets in 2 polyculture systems (PM: swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus with kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus; and PMR: crab, shrimp and short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum) during the farming season (125 d in total). The main carbon input occurred via water (PM: 55.06%; PMR: 62.50%), followed by that via feed. PM absorbed 21.55 g C m-2 across the air-water interface, accounting for 13.27% of the total input. The carbon output via water was the main output in both PM (89.17%) and PMR (46.43%). PMR emitted 53.00 g C m-2 into the atmosphere during the farming season, accounting for 32.53% of the total output. The carbon output by harvested animals in PMR accounted for 19.48% of the total output, which was much higher than that in PM (5.71%). Carbon accumulation in the sediment was significantly higher in PM than in PMR (p < 0.05), but the value of both represented a small portion of the total output. Clam farming in the polyculture system profoundly altered the carbon budgets by changing the CO2 flux direction, reducing carbon accumulation in water and sediments and increasing the carbon output by harvested animals. In terms of the global warming potential, which was calculated from the results of CO2 and CH4 fluxes across the air-water interface, PM had the potential for mitigating the greenhouse effect on the 20 yr horizon, whereas PMR exacerbated global warming. Our results suggest that PM acted as a net carbon sink in the global carbon cycle, while PMR acted as a carbon source.
Empirically based minimalistic model for representing seasonal phytoplankton dynamics
Authors: Piltz SH , Hjorth PG , Varpe Ø
Published: January 2020

Supported by chl a satellite data in the North Atlantic (and phytoplankton division rates computed from that data), the disturbance-recovery hypothesis for the initiation of phytoplankton blooms posits that the change in chl a concentration is proportional to the relative change in the phytoplankton division rate. We used this hypothesis, introduced by Behrenfeld, as a principal model assumption and constructed a non-autonomous ordinary differential equation model for seasonally varying chl a concentrations. Our quantitative comparison between model simulations and in situ measurements of chl a and primary production collected from a Swedish fjord was 2-fold: first, using approximate Bayesian computations, we found distributions of values for the 3 model parameters that best described the chl a data. Then, we validated our model by comparing the simulated (not fitted) division rate to the division rate determined from the data. Our minimalistic model was able to capture (1) the yearly trend in the chl a concentration, (2) the pattern of growth and decline in the phytoplankton division rate, and (3) the decreasing trend in the relative change of the division rate exhibited in the data for several individual years. Moreover, the modeling efficiency was positive (between 0.3 and 0.9 with an average of 0.63) for all 11 yr included in this study. We conclude that the change in chl a concentration being proportional to the relative change in the division rate is a possible explanation for the bloom dynamics in the Gullmar fjord. In addition, our work provides a simple and empirically based differential equation for representing yearly dynamics of primary production, e.g. for generating ecological hypotheses using models of other trophic levels.
Penerimaan Keluarga Dalam Perawatan Orang Dengan Skizofrenia Di Masyarakat Banjar Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rahman Subhannur , Permana Iman
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Merawat anggota keluarga dengan skizofrenia merupakan hal yang tidak mudah dan harus mengalami perjalanan yang panjang terutama bagi mereka yang menjadi caregiver. Timbulnya beban dan beberapa efek buruk bagi keluarga sebagai pengasuh tentu akan mempengaruhi proses perawatan yang diberikan dan penerimaan didalam keluarga.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penerimaan keluarga dalam perawatan orang dengan skizofrenia.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang berjumlah 7 (tujuh) informan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara semi-struktur.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dalam perawatan orang dengan skizofrenia di Masyarakat Banjar Kalimantan Selatan mendapatkan 4 (empat) tema yaitu a) belum bisa menerima, b) situasi yang sudah biasa, c) penolakan keluarga, d) bersikap pesimis.Kesimpulan: Penerimaan keluarga menjadi salah satu faktor penentu dalam mencapai proses penyembuhan pada anggota keluarga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa.  Bentuk penerimaan yang positif dari anggota keluarga dalam memberikan perawatan mencerminkan kesiapan keluarga untuk merawat anggota keluarga dengan skizofrenia. Walaupun keluarga sebagai caregiver memiliki perasaan yang kurang menyenangkan didalam proses perawatan yang diberikan Kata Kunci: Penerimaan Keluarga, Perawatan Orang Dengan Skizofrenia.Background: Caring for family members with schizophrenia is not easy and must experience a long journey, especially for those who become caregivers. The onset of the burden and some adverse effects on the family as caregivers will certainly affect the process of care given and acceptance in the family. Objective: This study aims to explore family acceptance in the care of people with schizophrenia. Method: This study is a qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The selection of informants used a purposive sampling method which amounted to 7 (seven) informants. Data collection uses semi-structured interview methods. Results: The results of this study indicated that family acceptance in the care of people with schizophrenia in the Banjar Community in South Kalimantan received 4 (four) themes, namely a) unable to accept, b) usual situation, c) family rejection, d) being pessimistic. Conclusion: Family acceptance is one of the determining factors in achieving the healing process in family members who experience mental disorders. The positive form of acceptance from family members in providing care reflects family readiness to care for family members with schizophrenia. Although the family as a caregiver has unpleasant feelings in the treatment process given Keywords: Family Acceptance, Treatment of People with Schizophrenia.
Hubungan Kondisi Jamban Keluarga Dan Sarana Air Bersih Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Arosbaya Bangkalan
Authors: Utama Saktya Yudha Ardhi , Inayati Aini , Sugiarto Sugiarto
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Diare masih merupakan penyebab kematian balita di Indonesia. Masalah kesehatan seperti diare dapat dicegah, jika masyarakat mempraktikkan perilaku hidup sehat dan berpartisipasi dalam menjaga sanitasi lingkungan. Jumlah diare pada balita di Puskesmas Arosbaya terjadi peningkatan.Objektif: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi jamban keluarga dan sarana air bersih dengan kejadian diare pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga dengan anak balita yang tinggal di daerah Arosbaya dengan sampel yang digunakan 21 responden yang dihitung dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji statistik korelasi spearman’s rho.Hasil: Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kondisi jamban keluarga dengan kejadian diare pada balita (p = 0.001). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kondisi sarana air bersih dengan kejadian diare pada balita (p = 0,009).Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa jamban keluarga dan sarana air bersih yang buruk berhubungan dan mendorong diare pada anak balita. Dari penelitian ini disarankan untuk memperbaiki sanitasi lingkungan seperti jamban keluarga dan sarana air bersih untuk mengurangi diare. Kata kunci : jamban keluarga, sarana air bersih, diare, balita Background: Diarrhea is still a cause of under-five children mortality in Indonesia. Health problems such as diarrhea can be prevented, if the community practice healthy behaviour and participate in taking care of the environmental sanitation. The  number of diarrhea in children under five at Puskesmas Arosbaya has increase. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation of condition of family latrine and clean water facilities with occurence of diarrhea in under-five children. Method: This study was an descriptive analytic research using cross sectional design. The population of this study was families with under-five children that live in Arosbaya region with sample consisted 21 respondents which are  counted using purposive sampling. The analysis used was Spearman’s rho correlation statistic test. Result: This result showed that there was a correlation between the condition of family latrine with occurence of diarrhea in under-five children (p = 0,001). And the result of study showed that there was a correlation between the condition of clean water facilities with occurence of diarrhea in under-five children (p = 0,009).Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that bad family latrine dan clean water facilities are related and encourages the diarrhea in under-five children. From this study suggested to repair environmental sanitation such as family latrine and clean water facilities to decrease diarrhea.Keyword: family latrine, clean water facilities, diarrhea, under-five children.
O Caso Plan de Sánchez e a tutela dos direitos fundamentais da Etnia Maia Achí na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Pancher Talita Beatriz , Mialhe Jorge Luís
Published: January 2020

Nesse artigo será analisado o caso do massacre de cerca de 268 pessoas da Etnia Maia Achí, em Plan de Sánchez, na República de Guatemala, ocorrido em 1982 e o julgamento daquele Estado pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos realizado em 2004. Na sua sentença, a Corte, por unanimidade, responsabilizou o Estado, determinou reparações materiais e o estabelecimento de uma política de respeito aos direitos fundamentais no país. Contudo, a punição dos responsáveis, apesar dos esforços, ficou aquém do esperado, ressaltando a sensação de impunidade dos autores desse genocídio. Utilizou-se na pesquisa o método dedutivo-normativo, com técnica histórica.
Dificultades que enfrentan los nuevos estudiantes universitarios en Matemática
Authors: Bravo Guerrero Fabián Eugenio
Published: January 2020

Esta investigación analiza los problemas que enfrentan los estudiantes durante la transición entre el colegio y el primer semestre de estudios universitarios, en las matemáticas. Para esto, al final del semestre se encuestó a estudiantes recién ingresados, se averiguó sobre su formación previa en matemáticas, el proceso de ingreso a la universidad y las asignaturas tomadas del área de matemáticas, además se revisó los registros académicos una vez finalizado el primer semestre. Se encontró que muchos estudiantes provienen de familias donde los responsables del hogar tienen formación primaria o ninguna; también, que no tienen buenas bases en matemáticas, y que los estudios en la carrera son difíciles. Se aporta con información para reflexionar sobre el proceso de selección, curso preuniversitario y el diseño curricular de la carrera. Es muy importante conocer a los estudiantes que recién ingresan y su vivencia durante el primer semestre, no solo a través cifras estadísticas, sino comprender las circunstancias que ellos atraviesan.
Learning Manifolds from Dynamic Process Data
Authors: Schoeneman Frank , Chandola Varun , Napp Nils , Wodo Olga , Zola Jaroslaw
Published: January 2020

Scientific data, generated by computational models or from experiments, are typically results of nonlinear interactions among several latent processes. Such datasets are typically high-dimensional and exhibit strong temporal correlations. Better understanding of the underlying processes requires mapping such data to a low-dimensional manifold where the dynamics of the latent processes are evident. While nonlinear spectral dimensionality reduction methods, e.g., Isomap, and their scalable variants, are conceptually fit candidates for obtaining such a mapping, the presence of the strong temporal correlation in the data can significantly impact these methods. In this paper, we first show why such methods fail when dealing with dynamic process data. A novel method, Entropy-Isomap, is proposed to handle this shortcoming. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the context of understanding the fabrication process of organic materials. The resulting low-dimensional representation correctly characterizes the process control variables and allows for informative visualization of the material morphology evolution.
Instrumental Procedures for the Evaluation of Juiciness in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars for Fresh Consumption
Authors: Baltazar Paola , Correa Eva Cristina , Diezma Belén
Published: January 2020

There is growing interest within the peach and nectarine markets in obtaining and selling ready-to-eat fruits. For this, pre-ripening protocols are being applied, which do not always result in sufficiently juicy fruits. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development of objective instrumental procedures for quantification of the juiciness attributes of these fruits. In this work, we evaluated the juiciness of more than 2000 fruits belonging to 20 of the varieties of greatest interest in the southeast of Spain. An instrumental mechanical procedure based on the confined compression of a pulp specimen of known volume was designed and optimized. Instrumental juiciness was defined as the wet area (cm2) on an absorbent paper located under the compression probe. This test allowed for the defining of objective thresholds for the identification of juicy fruits; 90% of the fruits with areas higher than 5.4 cm2 were considered to be juicy. Complementarily, non-invasive supervision by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, based on pulp structural changes during ripening, allowed for estimation of the instrumental juiciness with coefficients of correlation above 0.83. The results of these instrumental procedures contribute to supporting decision tools in the logistics chain of stone fruits.
Evaluation of the Phenolic Profile of Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity against Multiresistant Bacteria
Authors: Silva Vanessa , Falco Virgílio , Dias Maria Inês , Barros Lillian , Silva Adriana , Capita Rosa , Alonso-Calleja Carlos , Amaral Joana S. , Igrejas Gilberto , C. F. R. Ferreira Isabel , Poeta Patrícia
Published: January 2020

The chestnut industry generates a large amount of by-products. These agro-industrial wastes have been described as potential sources of phenolic compounds with high bioactive potential. Therefore, we aimed to extract the phenolic compounds from chestnut by-products and assess their antioxidant potential and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. The individual phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extracts of chestnut shell, inner shell, bur, and leaves were characterized by HPLC-DAD/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method against 10 bacterial strains. The major phenolic compounds identified in the extracts were trigalloyl-HHDP-glucose, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin glycoside derivatives. All chestnut by-products presented promising antioxidant activity in both assays, with leaf samples the ones presenting the highest antioxidant capacity. The inner shell’s extract was effective against all Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria; nevertheless, all extracts showed antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed susceptibility to all extracts while none of the extracts was able to suppress the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Chestnut by-products are a source of phenolic compounds with prominent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to assess the correlation between phenolic compounds and the bioactivities obtained.
Development of a Structural Monitoring System for Cable Bridges by Using Seismic Accelerometers
Authors: Jeong Seong-Hoon , Jang Won-Seok , Nam Jin-Won , An Hohyun , Kim Dae-Jin
Published: January 2020

In this study, a structural health monitoring system for cable-stayed bridges is developed. In the system, condition assessment of the structure is performed based on measured records from seismic accelerometers. Response indices are defined to monitor structural safety and serviceability and derived from the measured acceleration data. The derivation process of the indices is structured to follow the transformation from the raw data to the final outcome. The process includes, noise filtering, baseline correction, numerical integration, and calculation of relative differences. The system is packed as a condition assessment program, which consists of four major process of the structural health evaluation: (i) format conversion of the raw data, (ii) noise filtering, (iii) generation of response indices, and (iv) condition evaluation. An example set of limit states is presented to evaluate the structural condition of the test-bed cable-stayed bridge.
Application of Non-Symmetric Bending Principles on Modelling Fatigue Crack Behaviour and Vibration of a Cracked Rotor
Authors: Spagnol Joseph , Wu Helen , Yang Chunhui
Published: January 2020

Many studies on cracked rotors developed crack breathing models that assume that the neutral axis of bending always remains horizontal for simplification. These models may generate significant discrepancies and thus there is a need to develop more sophisticated models to look into the shifting of the neutral axis for a cracked rotor. Herein, a case study on the shifting of the neutral axis for a cracked rotor is firstly performed by using a three-dimensional finite element model to confirm that the neutral axis becomes inclined as the cracked rotor rotates. In response to this finding, non-symmetric bending principles are used to develop a new crack breathing model which has the advantage of being able to numerically calculate the inclination angle of the neutral axis. When compared to an existing crack model in the literature that assumes that the neutral axis remains horizontal (HNA model), the proposed model is relatively less stiff in bending as a result of an overall lower area moment of inertia. Using the harmonic balance method, a two-dimensional finite element vibration model of a cracked rotor was devised by employing the proposed crack breathing model and the HNA model for validation. It can be found that the vibration amplitudes of the first three frequency components are similar between the two models for shallow cracks and significantly differed for deep cracks. This result highlights the potential of the proposed model for modelling and detecting mid-to-late-stage cracks in rotors.
Properties of Curved Parts Laser Cladding Based on Controlling Spot Size
Authors: Huang Haibo , Sun Wenlei , Huang Yong , Yu Jiangtong
Published: January 2020

In this study, a method based on controlling the laser spot size was proposed in the process of curved parts laser cladding, and the coatings obtained by this method were analysed through investigation of the microstructure, microhardness, adhesion property and wear resistance properties. The nonuniform rational B-spline surface (NURBS) reconstruction method was used to obtain the workpiece geometrical characteristics of laser cladding, and through the establishment of a mathematical model, the process of the laser beam working on the curved surface was simplified as the intersection of the cylinder and curvature sphere. Then, the spot size was transformed into the area of a cylinder intersecting with a sphere, and by adjusting the laser head, the size of the laser spot was controlled in the threshold and interpolation points were obtained. The laser cladding trajectory was ensured by these interpolation points, and the experiment was carried out to study the properties of the coating. The results showed that the average coating thickness was about 1.07 mm, and the fluctuation of coating thickness did not exceed 0.05 mm; also, there were no cracks or pores in the layer after penetrant flaw detection. The SEM showed that the grains passed through the transition of plane crystal, cellular crystal, dendrite and equiaxed crystal from the bottom to the top of the layer. After 30 cycles of thermal shock tests, the cladding layer was still well bonded with the substrate and the microhardness and wear resistance were 2 times and 1.4 times higher than that of substrate, respectively.
Multi-Level Buffering Services Based on Optical Packet Encoding of Composite Maximal-Length Sequences in a GMPLS Network
Authors: Chen Kai-Sheng , Hong Wien
Published: January 2020

Generalized multi-protocol label-switching (GMPLS) provides packet-switching with multiple speeds and quality-of-services (QoSs). Packet buffering in GMPLS reduces packet loss by resolving the conflicts between packets requesting for a common channel. Presently, due to the diversity of multimedia applications, enabling multiple services in networks has become necessary. In this paper, a family of codes known as composite maximal-length sequence (CMLS) codes is introduced into an optical buffering scheme based on code-switching. A given number of available CMLS codes is divided into several code subsets. The buffer selects an unused CMLS code from a code subset and assigns it to the incoming packet. When all codes in a specific subset have been distributed to the queued packets, a free CMLS code in another subset is chosen for the new arrival. To achieve multi-level buffering services, the partition scenario with a lower subset number but with a higher number of codes in an individual subset is used as a code-assigning method for buffering high-QoS users. A two-level buffering system is demonstrated by examining the QoS of each class in terms of packet-dropping probability (PDP). The results show that different levels of PDPs can be effectively supported by a common buffer architecture.
The Analysis of Key Technologies for Sustainable Machine Tools Design
Authors: Feng Chunhua , Huang Shi
Published: January 2020

Machine tools as indispensable tools for manufacturing products are typical high-energy, high-carbon manufacturing systems due to their larger mass, longer life cycles and huge resources and energy consumption. The current research trend of sustainable machine tools aims to reduce cost, energy consumption and increase sustainability without compromising their functionality, usability, productivity, accuracy, etc. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews about what are the key technologies for sustainable machine tools design. Thus, a comprehensive literature review of machine tool design for sustainability is needed in order to make clear how to design and evaluate sustainable machine tools from the viewpoint of life cycle sustainability analysis. The aim of this paper is to review the sustainable design and assessment aspects of machine tool design from partial goals to integrated aims according to whole sustainability dimensions such as the environment, economy and society, as well as involving key techniques in different life cycle stages. Recent research and study on improving directly or indirectly sustainability performance of machine tools according to focus points could be summarized as: design optimization of components such as lightweight using topology and bionic methods; structure design with modular design and layout; reducing cutting fluids and lubricant oil by employing minimum quantity lubrication, dry and cryogenic machining; reducing energy consumption; waste reduction by reusing, remanufacturing and recycling; sustainability assessment i.e., energy model, life cycle cost and life cycle social benefit. This paper assists designers and manufacturers to improve sustainability of machine tools by specific optimization measures in their activities.
Influence of Temperature on the Composition and Calorific Value of Gases Produced during the Pyrolysis of Waste Pharmaceutical Blisters
Authors: Klejnowska Katarzyna , Pikoń Krzysztof , Ścierski Waldemar , Skutil Krzysztof , Bogacka Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Waste pharmaceutical blisters (WPBs) are a type of multimaterial waste that contain layers of plastic and metal connected permanently. The separation of those materials with the application of mechanical methods is impossible. One of the methods that can be used to recover metal from WPBs is pyrolysis—a thermal decomposition process performed in the absence of oxygen. The products are a solid fraction that contain char and metal, liquid fraction, and gases. The gases produced during the process can be used as a fuel, either alone or mixed with another gaseous fuel such as natural gas. The presented research was focused on the determination of the influence of the process temperature on the composition of gases produced during the pyrolysis of two types of pharmaceutical blister waste: pre- and postconsumer. The postconsumer waste contains trace amounts of pharmaceutical products. One of the goals was to determine whether those compounds influence the gas properties. The method of neutralizing these materials can be part of the circular economy, the idea of which is to strive to maximize the use of natural resources and bring them back into circulation. The presented method allows not only to recover char, oil, and metal that can be easily separated from the solid fraction, but also to reuse the process gases as a fuel and, possibly, to form HCl during the decomposition of PVC. The paper includes the analysis of the input material, as well as a detailed chemical analysis of the produced gases.
An Efficient Meshless Numerical Method for Heat Conduction Studies in Particle Aggregates
Authors: P. Karagiannakis Nikolaos , Bali Nadia , D. Skouras Eugene , N. Burganos Vasilis
Published: January 2020

A new meshless numerical approach for studying heat conduction in particulate systems was developed that allows the efficient computation of the temperature distribution and the effective thermal conductivity in particle aggregates. The incorporation of the discretization-corrected particle strength exchange operator in meshless local Petrov–Galerkin calculations is suggested here, which was shown to perform better than previously tested trial functions, regarding the speed of convergence and accuracy. Moreover, an automated algorithm for node refinement was developed, which avoids the necessity for user intervention. This was quite important in the study of particle aggregates due to the appearance of multiple points of contact between particles. An alternative approach for interpolation is also presented, that increased the stability of the methods and reduced the computational cost. Test case models, commercial computational fluid dynamics software, and experimental data were used for validation. Heat transport in various aggregate morphologies was also studied using sophisticated aggregation models, in order to quantify the effect of aggregate fractal dimension on the nanofluid conductivity, targeting eventually the optimization of heat transfer applications. A trend of effective conductivity enhancement upon reduction of the fractal dimension of the aggregate was noted.
Integrated Motion Planning for Assembly Task with Part Manipulation Using Re-Grasping
Authors: Ali Ahmad , Lee Ji Yeong
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an integrated planner based on rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) for an assembly task with possible re-grasping. Given multiple grasp poses for the part to assemble, the planner chooses candidate grasp poses considering the environment (including the partially finished assembly) in addition to the initial and final poses of the part. Orientation graph search based re-grasping approach is proposed for part manipulation which is needed when there is no feasible grasp solution for a part between its initial and final poses. Orientation graph search helps finding a series of the intermediate poses of the part needed between its initial and final poses so that robot can grasp and assemble it without interfering the pre-assembled parts. Then while extending the tree, the algorithm tries to connect the tree to a robot configuration with a chosen candidate grasp pose. Also, since the task space undergoes changes at each step of the assembly task, a node or edge in the tree can become in collision during the assembly of later parts, making the node in collision and its descendant nodes disconnected from the whole tree. To handle this, Two stage extended RRT strategy is proposed. The disconnected parts of the main tree are put into forest, and attempts are made to re-connect the tree in the forest to main tree while extending the main tree, thus making it possible to use the disconnected part again. The algorithm is implemented in Linux based system using C++. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated experimentally using UR5e robot manipulator by assembling the soma puzzle pieces in different 3D formations.
Electromyographic Evaluation of Specific Elastic Band Exercises Targeting Neck and Shoulder Muscle Activation
Authors: Gao Ying , Kristensen Lars A. , Grøndberg Thomas S. , Murray Mike , Sjøgaard Gisela , Søgaard Karen
Published: January 2020

Background: Specific strength training at a high intensity is effective in reducing work related neck/shoulder pain. However, it remains to be documented as to which exercises most specifically target neck and shoulder muscles at high activation level while using simple equipment as e.g., elastic bands. We hypothezised that selected exercises would specifically target the respective muscles, as follows: (1) shrugs and reverse flyes: the upper trapezius muscle, (2) cervical extension and lateral flexion: the upper neck extensor muscle, and (3) cervical flexion and rotation: the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. Methods: Eleven healthy males (25.9 ± 1.4 years, BMI 24.3 ± 1.4) with no neck/shoulder pain (VAS = 0) performed the six exercises with elastic bands at 12RM (repetition maximum) and 20RM in a randomized order. Electromyography was bilaterally recorded from the three muscles and it was normalized to maximal voluntary activation (%MVE). Exercises that evoke more than 60%MVE were considered as high intensity activation. Results: High muscle activation level was attained during 12RM in the upper trapezius muscle during shrugs (100.3 ± 29.8%MVE) and reverse flyes (91.6 ± 32.8%MVE) and in the upper neck extensor muscle during cervical extension (67.6 ± 29.8%MVE) and shrugs (61.9 ± 16.8%MVE). In the sternocleidomastoideus muscle, the highest activity was recorded during cervical flexion (51.7 ± 16.4%MVE) but it did not exceed 60%MVE. The overall activity was ~10% higher during 12RM when compared to 20RM. Conclusion: The simple exercises shrugs and reverse flyes resulted in high intensity activation of both the upper trapezius and neck extensors, while no exercises activated sternocleidomastoideus at high intensity.
Smart Multi-Sensor Monitoring in Drilling of CFRP/CFRP Composite Material Stacks for Aerospace Assembly Applications
Authors: Teti Roberto , Segreto Tiziana , Caggiano Alessandra , Nele Luigi
Published: January 2020

Composite material parts are typically laid out in near-net-shape, i.e., very close to the finished product configuration. However, further machining processes are often required to meet dimensional and tolerance requirements. Drilling, edge trimming and slotting are the main cutting processes employed for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials. In particular, drilling stands out as the most widespread machining process of CFRP composite parts, chiefly in the aerospace industrial sector, due to the extensive use of mechanical joints, such as rivets, rather than welded or bonded joints. However, CFRP drilling is markedly challenging: due to CFRP abrasiveness, inhomogeneity and anisotropic properties, tool wear rates are inherently high leading to superior cutting forces and detrimental effects on workpiece surface quality and material integrity. Damage such as delamination, cracks or matrix thermal degradation is often observed as the result of uncontrolled tool wear or improper machining conditions. Sensor monitoring of drilling operations is, therefore, highly desirable for process conditions’ optimization and tool life maximization. The development of this kind of automated control technologies for process and tool state evaluation can notably contribute to the reduction of scraps and tool costs as well as to the improvement of process productivity in the drilling of CFRP composite material parts. In this paper, multi-sensor process monitoring based on thrust force and torque signal detection and analysis was applied during drilling of CFRP/CFRP laminate stacks for the assembly of aircraft fuselage panels with the scope to evaluate the tool wear state. Different signal-processing methods were utilised to extract diverse types of features from the detected sensor signals. A machine-learning approach based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented to make smart decisions on the timely execution of tool change, which is highly functional for CFRP drilling process automation.
Embedded Analog Physical Unclonable Function System to Extract Reliable and Unique Security Keys
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Zimmermann Lukas , Sikora Axel , Tahoori Mehdi B. , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin
Published: January 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices have become more and more pervasive in our everyday lives. Examples include wearables transmitting and processing personal data and smart labels interacting with customers. Due to the sensitive data involved, these devices need to be protected against attackers. In this context, hardware-based security primitives such as Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide a powerful solution to secure interconnected devices. The main benefit of PUFs, in combination with traditional cryptographic methods, is that security keys are derived from the random intrinsic variations of the underlying core circuit. In this work, we present a holistic analog-based PUF evaluation platform, enabling direct access to a scalable design that can be customized to fit the application requirements in terms of the number of required keys and bit width. The proposed platform covers the full software and hardware implementations and allows for tracing the PUF response generation from the digital level back to the internal analog voltages that are directly involved in the response generation procedure. Our analysis is based on 30 fabricated PUF cores that we evaluated in terms of PUF security metrics and bit errors for various temperatures and biases. With an average reliability of 99.20% and a uniqueness of 48.84%, the proposed system shows values close to ideal.
Investigation of Laser Polishing of Four Selective Laser Melting Alloy Samples
Authors: Zhang Dongqi , Yu Jie , Li Hui , Zhou Xin , Song Changhui , Zhang Chen , Shen Shengnan , Liu Linqing , Dai Chengyuan
Published: January 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a layer by layer process of melting and solidifying of metal powders. The surface quality of the previous layer directly affects the uniformity of the next layer. If the surface roughness value of the previous layer is large, there is the possibility of not being able to complete the layering process such that the entire process has to be abandoned. At least, it may result in long term durability problem and the inhomogeneity, may even make the processed structure not be able to be predicted. In the present study, the ability of a fiber laser to in-situ polish the rough surfaces of four typical additive-manufactured alloys, namely, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, 316L and IN718 was demonstrated. The results revealed that the surface roughness of the as-received alloys could be reduced to about 3 μm through the application of the laser-polishing process, and the initial surfaces had roughness values of 8.80–16.64 μm. Meanwhile, for a given energy density, a higher laser power produced a laser-polishing effect that was often more obvious, with the surface roughness decreasing with an increase in the laser power. Further, the polishing strategy will be optimized by simulation in our following study.