bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Czy istnieje „idealna” pozycja siedząca? / Does „ideal” sitting position exist?
Authors: Czaprowski Dariusz , Leszczewska Justyna , Sitarski Dominik
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie

Wspołczesny człowiek większą cześć dnia spędza w pozycji siedzącej mimo, że sedenteryjny tryb życia często wymieniany jest jako jeden z determinantow zaburzeń postawy ciała oraz dolegliwości bolowych kręgosłupa. Negatywny wpływ długotrwałego przebywania w nieprawidłowej pozycji siedzącej powoduje, że w ramach postępowania profilaktycznego i leczniczego, fizjoterapeuci oraz lekarze często rekomendują rożne sposoby siedzenia w celu uniknięcia lub zmniejszenia dolegliwości bolowych kręgosłupa. Nie ma jednak jednolitych wytycznych odnośnie najbardziej pożądanej pozycji siedzącej, a jej charakterystyka jest przedmiotem dyskusji. Ze względu na negatywne konsekwencje pozycji siedzącej z kyfotycznym ustawieniem kręgosłupa (np. rozciąganie więzadeł nadkolcowych, wywołanie dolegliwości bolowych) w części rekomendacji sugeruje się konieczność odtwarzania w tej pozycji lordotycznego ustawienia odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. Wśrod zalet tej pozycji wymienia się m. in. mniejsze, w porownaniu do pozycji zgięciowej, ciśnienie w jądrze miażdzystym; mniejsze obciążenie kompresyjne w przedniej części pierścienia włoknistego oraz lepszą amortyzację wstrząsow w czasie ruchu. Pozycja ta może wiązać się jednak ze zwiększonym obciążeniem stawow międzywyrostkowych oraz zwiększoną aktywnością mięśni grzbietu i związanym z tym odczuciem dyskomfortu. Dlatego też w niektorych wytycznych rekomenduje się przyjmowanie pozycji siedzącej z umiarkowanym zgięciem części lędźwiowej kręgosłupa. Ma to zapewnić m. in. rownomierny rozkład obciążenia w krążkach międzykręgowych oraz mniejsze obciążenie stawow międzywyrostkowych.

Biorąc pod uwagę sprzeczne opinie w piśmiennictwie wydaje się, że nie istnieje jedna, uniwersalna, „idealna” pozycja siedząca. Dobor pozycji siedzącej powinien być zawsze indywidualny i uwzględniający osobniczą charakterystykę narządu ruchu. Szczegolnie, że każda pozycja (lordotyczna, kyfotyczna) utrzymywana przez dłuższy czas prowadzi do dyskomfortu oraz objawow ze strony tkanek okołokręgosłupowych.
Demograficzne uwarunkowania stosowania ćwiczeń fizycznych w profilaktyce bólu w chorobie dyskowej odcinka krzyżowo – lędźwiowego kręgosłupa / Demographic determinants of using exercise as the prophlaxis of the cross section of the disk – lumbar spine’s pain
Authors: Turkiewicz-Maligranda Agnieszka , Rymaszewska Joanna
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie

Wstęp: Choroba dyskowa odcinka krzyżowo-lędźwiowego jest częstym schorzeniem, którego główną przyczyną jest degeneracja krążka międzykręgowego. Wiodącą dolegliwością jest ból w dolnym odcinku kręgosłupa oraz znaczne upośledzenie sprawności fizycznej. Jest to choroba chroniczna, z nawracającymi okresowo epizodami silnego bólu. Radzenie sobie z nią oznacza m.in. wzmacnianie mięśni okołokręgosłupowych poprzez regularne ćwiczenia fizyczne. Zakłada się, że czynniki socjodemograficzne będą miały związek z podjęciem zachowań zdrowotnych w postaci aktywności fizycznej dostosowanej do dyskopatii odcinka krzyżowo-lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. Celem przedstawionych badań była odpowiedź na pytanie czy zmienne demograficzne mają związek z podjęciem aktywności fizycznej dostosowanej do schorzenia dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa.

Materiał i metody: Badania miały charakter podłużny (dwa punkty pomiaru w odstępie pół roku), którym zostały objęte 92 osoby ze stwierdzoną rezonansem magnetycznym chorobą dyskową odcinka krzyżowo-lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. W badaniach wykorzystano: wywiad (dane socjodemograficzne), 11-punktową skalę VAS oraz ankietę dotyczącą podjętej aktywności fizycznej.

Wyniki: Badani przejawiali niski poziom aktywności fizycznej podejmowanej ze względu na schorzenie kręgosłupa (M=2,33 SD=2,21). Stwierdzono zależność pomiędzy młodszym wiekiem (H(2, N=92)=4,5, p<0,08) i wyższym wykształceniem (H(3, N=91)=16,62, p=0,001) a podejmowaniem aktywności fizycznej dostosowanej do schorzenia dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa.

Wnioski: Osoby badane w niewielkim stopniu podejmowały aktywność fizyczną ze względu na schorzenie kręgosłupa. Wiek oraz wykształcenie mają związek z podejmowaniem aktywności fizycznej dostosowanej do schorzenia dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa.
Klasyfikacja zawodników w lekkoatletycznych konkurencjach biegowych w świetle wyników uzyskanych na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012 / Classification of athletes in athletics track events in terms of results obtained during Paralympics Games in years 2000 – 2012
Authors: Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Przepióra Wiktor , Rutkowska Izabela , Skowroński Waldemar
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie

Wstęp: Zagadnienia związane z klasyfikacją w sporcie niepełnosprawnych to jeden z głównych obszarów badań w tym obszarze. Poszukuje się obiektywnych kryteriów oceny możliwości funkcjonalnych zawodników co ma umożliwić im sprawiedliwą rywalizację, w której wpływ na osiągany wynik ma przygotowanie do startu, a nie rodzaj i stopień niepełnosprawności.

Materiał i metody: Analiza wyników uzyskanych na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich (IP) w latach 2000-2012 miała na celu próbę oceny obowiązującego systemu klasyfikacji zawodników w lekkiej atletyce (LA) przez pryzmat uzyskiwanych przez nich wyników sportowych. Materiał badań stanowiły wyniki sportowe, na podstawie oficjalnych komunikatów z zawodów uzyskane przez zawodników z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu (NNR) w konkurencjach biegowych na IP w latach 2000-2012. Do określenia różnic wyników z IP pomiędzy klasami startowymi wykorzystano test U Manna-Whitney’a. Istotność statystyczną określono na poziomie p<0,05.

Wyniki: Największe zróżnicowanie wyników uzyskanych przez zawodników o zbliżonych możliwościach funkcjonalnych z NNR zaobserwowano wśród startujących na wózkach. Brak istotnych statystycznie różnic pomiędzy wynikami zawodników startujących w pozycji stojącej zaobserwowano w klasach T38 i T44 w biegu na 400m, w całym analizowanym okresie. Zbliżony poziom uzyskiwanych wyników zaobserwowano u kobiet z klas T53 i T54 uprawiających lekkoatletyczne konkurencje sprinterskie.

Wnioski: Specyfika dyscypliny jaką jest LA (duża liczba konkurencji o rożnym charakterze wysiłków) może powodować problemy w ocenie systemu klasyfikacyjnego, który nie uwzględnia konkurencji w której startują zawodnicy.
Clinical study regarding nasal reconstruction methods
Authors: Ionita Sabina , Lascar Ioan
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND. In present days, there are described many reconstruction techniques for nasal post-traumatic and post-excision total defects, from simple suture to microsurgical free transfer in nasal reconstruction. It is important to follow the defect dimensions, its topography and also its etiology. The nasal aesthetic subunits principle is very important in aesthetic and functional reconstruction of a nasal defect.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The clinical study from this paper was realised on the patients admitted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Emergency Clinical Hospital from Bucharest, between 2012 and 2013. Different determinant factors were studied for the success of nasal reconstruction. It was compared the difference between the reconstruction of the whole nasal subunit, based on aesthetic subunits principle, and the reconstruction of the defect.

RESULTS. Although in our clinic the reconstruction of the defect is used in the majority of the cases and rarely the reconstruction based on aesthetic subunits principle, very good results were obtained, with a reduced number of complication and very few relapses.

CONCLUSION. The success of the reconstruction depends on multiple factors regarding the type of the defect. The grafts can give very good results in all aesthetic subunits, while the nasogenian flap has good results for the reconstruction of the nasal wing and lobule defects. The frontal flap is the first option for reconstruction of the dorsum nasi with satisfactory results. This paper is supported by the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development (SOP HRD), financed from the European Social Fund and by the Romanian Government under the contract number POSDRU/159/1.5/137390
Specific features of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy – case report
Authors: Lapusneanu Lucian , Neacsu Alina , Naca Andreea
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE. The aim of the study was to evaluate the endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with some particularities and its advantages over external DCR.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. We evaluated 3 female patients (age range 35-84 years) diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis - lacrimal sac abscess (2 cases) and lacrimal sac fistula (1 case). All patients presented a history of repeated episodes of acute dacryocystitis initially treated with broad spectrum antibiotics by the ophthalmologist. The evaluation protocol consisted in cranio-facial CT scan or MRI for the evaluation of the lacrimal sac and nasal structures, an ophthalmologic examination with the catheterization of the superior and inferior lacrimal punctum with a light probe to verify the permeability of the lacrimal pathway, and the Jones test with fluorescein to receive information about the common lacrimal path. Lacrimal syringing with regurgitation of fluid from the opposite punctum was the only criteria to decide the surgery. In all three cases we performed an endoscopic DCR, with stent insertion in two cases and a laco-dacryo-rhinostomy in one case. In only one case a reintervention was needed 12 months later.

CONCLUSION. The endoscopic DCR, with its different particularities, is a safe surgical procedure with a low rate of complications, being the treatment of choice for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
The Relationship of Kicking Ball Velocity with Anthropometric and Physiological Factors in Soccer
Authors: Bekris Evangelos , Gioldasis Aristotelis , Bekris Vasilis , Gissis Ioannis , Komsis Stergios , Mitrousis Ioannis
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship of kicking ball velocity with anthropometric and physiological parameters in soccer. Specifically, the researchers examined how the anthropometric variables such as body weight, body fat, body mass index, and body height, as well as the physiological variables such as running speed, lower body explosive strength, lower limb endurance, balance, and agility are related to ball velocity. Fifty eight U-12 male soccer players, sixty one U-14, forty three U-16, and thirty five adult male soccer players participated in this study. The results showed that ball velocity is related to both anthropometric and physiological factors differently according to the age of the players. It was also confirmed that ball velocity is an indicator of playing level. The key finding from this research was that ball velocity is related to the explosive strength parameters. Thus this relationship is an indicator that coaches and trainers have to take into account so as maximize the kicking potential of their players.
Clement of Alexandria’s Anti-Valentinian Interpretation of Gen 1:26−27
Authors: Edwards Robert G. T.
Published: May 2015

Clement of Alexandria’s interpretations of Gen 1:26−27 are made in reaction to what he perceived to be heretical Valentinian interpretations of the same passage. Clement’s notes on Valentinian biblical interpretation, the Excerpta ex Theodoto, contain the content against which he is reacting, which he perceives to be heretical in terms of their determinism: people made according to the “image” and the “likeness” of God consist of two different classes of people, non- Christians and ecclesial Christians respectively. On top of this the Valentinians add one more category of humanity which is according to “its own” nature-this is the category to which the gnostic Christians, the Valentinians, belong. Clement counters this perceived determinism by having “image” and “likeness” correspond to two stages of the Christian life: “faith” (πίστις) and “knowledge” (γνῶσις) respectively. By doing this, he appropriates this aspect of Valentinian theology into his own orthodox-that is, apostolic and ecclesiastical-Christian theological and philosophical project.
Basil of Caesarea’s Uses of Origen in His Polemic against Astrology
Authors: Rasmussen Adam D. P.
Published: May 2015

Basil of Caesarea, in his polemic against astrology (Homiliae in hexaemeron 6,5−7), makes direct, creative uses of Origen’s anti-astrological treatise (Philocalia 23). My argument is based on an identical context, namely the interpretation of Gen 1:14b, and five close similarities in content, some verbatim, between Basil’s sermon and Origen’s anti-astrological polemic (and in one case a passage from De principiis). These five similarities are on the topics of the definition of genethlialogy, the system of genethlialogy, aspects, the life of the stars, and fatalism. In each instance, Basil uses Origen in a different way. These uses run the gamut from the wholesale adoption of Origen’s definition of genethlialogy to the refutation of Origen’s belief that the stars are alive. Adaptation is necessitated, not only by Basil’s inherent creativity and relative independence from Origen, but by the fact that the rhetorical form of Basil’s treatment is different from Origen’s: whereas Origen offers a commentarial treatment with a systematic question-and-answer structure, Basil’s argument is a rhetorically sophisticated diatribe, which uses sarcasm and mockery to entertain as well as persuade its audience. Basil uses Origen sometimes freely, sometimes verbatim, but always critically, to support his own goals.
Das griechische Bekenntnis des Akakios von Beroia (CPG 6481) wiederhergestellt
Authors: Kinzig Wolfram
Published: May 2015

The author presents a new reconstruction of most of the Greek text of a confession of faith which has only been preserved in its entirety in a Latin translation ascribed to Acacius of Beroea (ca. 330−433 C.E.; cf. CPG 6481). The extant Greek fragments have come down to us under the name of Amphilochius of Iconium (d. 398/404); they have once again been included in a recent edition of Amphilochius’ work by Michel Bonnet and Sever J. Voicu (Sources Chretiennes, vol. 553). Nonetheless, the present article argues that the Christological passages of the text better fit the situation in the aftermath of the Third Ecumenical Council of 431 and in fact resemble the Christmas sermons delivered by one of Acacius followers, Paul of Emesa, in Alexandria in 432/433.
Textual Revisions of the Shepherd of Hermas in Codex Sinaiticus
Authors: Batovici Dan
Published: May 2015

The last two books in what has survived of the fourth century biblical manuscript Codex Sinaiticus are the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas. This article is an investigation of the correctors’ treatment of the text of the Shepherd of Hermas in this codex, and advances our knowledge at various points of both Codex Sinaiticus and its textual revisions of the Shepherd of Hermas. Furthermore, it attempts to assess the relevance of the corrections for the reception history of the Shepherd of Hermas.
Synthesis and some reactions of functionalized 11,12-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,g]azonines
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M. , Fadda Ahmed A. , Bondock Samir , Hammouda Mohamed M.
Published: May 2015

Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,g]azonine-6,13-dione (2) has been used as a precursor in the synthesis of the indolo[2,3-e]dibenzo[b,g]azonine and tribenzo[b,g,j][1,6]diazacyclododecine ring systems6and7respectivelyviaa Fischer indolization/periodate oxidation sequence. Fischer indolization of the (1,4-phenylenedihydrazono) derivative8gave the polycyclic system9. The Schmidt reaction of2led to the formation of the benzimidazo[1,2-b] [2]benzazepine ring system11. The Mannich reaction of2led to the spirocyclic system15. The reactions of2with aldimines and aromatic aldehydes were also investigated.
Evaluation of Clustering Parameters in WSN Fields Using Distributed Zone-Based Approach
Authors: Prabhu B. , Sophia S.
Published: May 2015

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a low-powered network formed by the sensor nodes that finds application in civilian, military, visual sense models, and many others. Improved network lifetime is an important task to be achieved by these sensor networks. In this paper, a methodology for evaluation of clustering efficiency, routing efficiency, energy efficiency, and the lifetime of two dense wireless sensor network fields—using a distributed clustering approach, the hybrid energy efficient clustering algorithm (HEECA)—was proposed, which mainly targeted effectively prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. It is a well-distributed and energy-efficient clustering algorithm that employs three novel techniques: zone based transmission power (ZBTP), routing using distributed relay nodes (DRNs), and rapid cluster formation (RCF). The proposed scheme was compared with two well-evaluated existing distributed clustering algorithms, O-LEACH and HEED. Simulation results clearly showed an excellent improvement in remaining energy, throughput, routing efficiency, and energy efficiency of the entire wireless sensor system. The clustering process was effectively controlled, thereby the number of cluster heads selection and the number of packets delivered to the base station was also found to be effective. Ultimately, the overall lifetime of the wireless sensor network was improved when compared to the two existing distributed clustering algorithms.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography after cardiac transplantation: implications of donor–recipient age difference
Authors: Gibson Patrick H. , Riesgo Fernando , Choy Jonathan B. , Kim Daniel H. , Becher Harald
Published: May 2015

Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is widely used during follow-up after cardiac transplant for the diagnosis of allograft vasculopathy. We investigated the effect of donor–recipient age difference on the ability to reach target heart rate (HR) during DSE.

All cardiac transplant patients who were undergoing DSE over a 3-year period in a single institution were reviewed. Target HR was specified as 85%×(220–patient age). Further patient and donor demographics were obtained from the local transplant database.

61 patients (45 male, 55±12 years) were stressed with a median dose of 40mcg/kg per min dobutamine. Only 37 patients (61%) achieved target HR. Donor hearts were mostly younger (mean 41±14 years, P<0.001), with only 11 patients (18%) having donors who were older than they were. Patients with older donors required higher doses of dobutamine (median 50 vs 30mcg/kg per min, P<0.001) but achieved a lower percentage target HR (mean 93% vs 101%, P=0.003) than those with younger donors did. Patients with older donors were less likely to achieve target HR (18% vs 67%, P=0.003).

In conclusion, donor–recipient age difference affects the likelihood of achieving target HR and should be considered when a patient is consistently unable to achieve ‘adequate’ stress according to the patient’s age.
Regulation and roles of Ca2+ stores in human sperm
Authors: Correia Joao , Michelangeli Francesco , Publicover Stephen
Published: May 2015

[Ca2+]isignalling is a key regulatory mechanism in sperm function. In mammalian sperm the Ca2+-permeable plasma membrane ion channel CatSper is central to [Ca2+]isignalling, but there is good evidence that Ca2+stored in intracellular organelles is also functionally important. Here we briefly review the current understanding of the diversity of Ca2+stores and the mechanisms for the regulation of their activity. We then consider the evidence for the involvement of these stores in [Ca2+]isignalling in mammalian (primarily human) sperm, the agonists that may activate these stores and their role in control of sperm function. Finally we consider the evidence that membrane Ca2+channels and stored Ca2+may play discrete roles in the regulation of sperm activities and propose a mechanism by which these different components of the sperm Ca2+-signalling apparatus may interact to generate complex and spatially diverse [Ca2+]isignals.
XSim: Simulation of Descendants from Ancestors with Sequence Data
Authors: Cheng Hao , Garrick Dorian , Fernando Rohan
Published: May 2015

Real or imputed high-density SNP genotypes are routinely used for genomic prediction and genome-wide association studies. Many researchers are moving toward the use of actual or imputed next-generation sequence data in whole-genome analyses. Simulation studies are useful to mimic complex scenarios and test different analytical methods. We have developed the software tool XSim to efficiently simulate sequence data in descendants in arbitrary pedigrees. In this software, a strategy to drop-down origins and positions of chromosomal segments rather than every allele state is implemented to simulate sequence data and to accommodate complicated pedigree structures across multiple generations. Both C++ and Julia versions of XSim have been developed.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes Map to Two Chromosomes in an Evolutionarily Ancient Reptile, the Tuatara Sphenodon punctatus
Authors: Miller Hilary C , O’Meally Denis , Ezaz Tariq , Amemiya Chris , Marshall-Graves Jennifer A , Edwards Scott
Published: May 2015

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are a central component of the vertebrate immune system and usually exist in a single genomic region. However, considerable differences in MHC organization and size exist between different vertebrate lineages. Reptiles occupy a key evolutionary position for understanding how variation in MHC structure evolved in vertebrates, but information on the structure of the MHC region in reptiles is limited. In this study, we investigate the organization and cytogenetic location of MHC genes in the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), the sole extant representative of the early-diverging reptilian order Rhynchocephalia. Sequencing and mapping of 12 clones containing class I and II MHC genes from a bacterial artificial chromosome library indicated that the core MHC region is located on chromosome 13q. However, duplication and translocation of MHC genes outside of the core region was evident, because additional class I MHC genes were located on chromosome 4p. We found a total of seven class I sequences and 11 class II β sequences, with evidence for duplication and pseudogenization of genes within the tuatara lineage. The tuatara MHC is characterized by high repeat content and low gene density compared with other species and we found no antigen processing or MHC framework genes on the MHC gene-containing clones. Our findings indicate substantial differences in MHC organization in tuatara compared with mammalian and avian MHCs and highlight the dynamic nature of the MHC. Further sequencing and annotation of tuatara and other reptile MHCs will determine if the tuatara MHC is representative of nonavian reptiles in general.
A Genome-Wide Survey of Date Palm Cultivars Supports Two Major Subpopulations inPhoenix dactylifera
Authors: Mathew Lisa S , Seidel Michael A , George Binu , Mathew Sweety , Spannagl Manuel , Haberer Georg , Torres Maria F , Al-Dous Eman K , Al-Azwani Eman K , Diboun Ilhem , Krueger Robert R , Mayer Klaus F X , Mohamoud Yasmin Ali , Suhre Karsten , Malek Joel A
Published: May 2015

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is intimately tied to the history of human civilization. There are hundreds of commercial cultivars with distinct fruit shapes, colors, and sizes growing mainly in arid lands from the west of North Africa to India. The origin of date palm domestication is still uncertain, and few studies have attempted to document genetic diversity across multiple regions. We conducted genotyping-by-sequencing on 70 female cultivar samples from across the date palm–growing regions, including four Phoenix species as the outgroup. Here, for the first time, we generate genome-wide genotyping data for 13,000–65,000 SNPs in a diverse set of date palm fruit and leaf samples. Our analysis provides the first genome-wide evidence confirming recent findings that the date palm cultivars segregate into two main regions of shared genetic background from North Africa and the Arabian Gulf. We identify genomic regions with high densities of geographically segregating SNPs and also observe higher levels of allele fixation on the recently described X-chromosome than on the autosomes. Our results fit a model with two centers of earliest cultivation including date palms autochthonous to North Africa. These results adjust our understanding of human agriculture history and will provide the foundation for more directed functional studies and a better understanding of genetic diversity in date palm.
Identification of QTLs for Rust Resistance in the Peanut Wild Species Arachis magna and the Development of KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection
Authors: Leal-Bertioli Soraya C M , Cavalcante Uiara , Gouvea Ediene G , Ballén-Taborda Carolina , Shirasawa Kenta , Guimarães Patrícia M , Jackson Scott A , Bertioli David J , Moretzsohn Márcio C
Published: May 2015

Rust is a major pathogen of the peanut crop. Development and adoption of rust-resistant cultivars is the most cost efficient and effective way to control the spread of the disease and reduce yield losses. Some cultivated peanut germplasm accessions have a degree of resistance, but the secondary gene pool is a source of much stronger resistance alleles. Wild species, however, have undesirable agronomic traits that are a disincentive to their use in breeding. The identification of genomic regions that harbor disease resistance in wild species is the first step in the implementation of marker-assisted selection that can speed the introgression of wild disease resistances and the elimination of linkage drag. In this work, we identify genome regions that control different components of rust resistance in a recombinant inbred line population developed from a cross between two Arachis species, the susceptible most probable B genome ancestor of cultivated peanut, Arachis ipaënsis, and an accession of its closest relative, Arachis magna, which is resistant to rust. Quantitative trait loci for several components of resistance were placed in the same position on linkage group B08. Single-nucleotide polymorphism Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction markers for rust resistance region were designed and validated for marker function in both diploid and tetraploid contexts.
Using the Animal Model to Accelerate Response to Selection in a Self-Pollinating Crop
Authors: Cowling Wallace A , Stefanova Katia T , Beeck Cameron P , Nelson Matthew N , Hargreaves Bonnie L W , Sass Olaf , Gilmour Arthur R , Siddique Kadambot H M
Published: May 2015

We used the animal model in S0 (F1) recurrent selection in a self-pollinating crop including, for the first time, phenotypic and relationship records from self progeny, in addition to cross progeny, in the pedigree. We tested the model in Pisum sativum, the autogamous annual species used by Mendel to demonstrate the particulate nature of inheritance. Resistance to ascochyta blight (Didymella pinodes complex) in segregating S0 cross progeny was assessed by best linear unbiased prediction over two cycles of selection. Genotypic concurrence across cycles was provided by pure-line ancestors. From cycle 1, 102/959 S0 plants were selected, and their S1 self progeny were intercrossed and selfed to produce 430 S0 and 575 S2 individuals that were evaluated in cycle 2. The analysis was improved by including all genetic relationships (with crossing and selfing in the pedigree), additive and nonadditive genetic covariances between cycles, fixed effects (cycles and spatial linear trends), and other random effects. Narrow-sense heritability for ascochyta blight resistance was 0.305 and 0.352 in cycles 1 and 2, respectively, calculated from variance components in the full model. The fitted correlation of predicted breeding values across cycles was 0.82. Average accuracy of predicted breeding values was 0.851 for S2 progeny of S1 parent plants and 0.805 for S0 progeny tested in cycle 2, and 0.878 for S1 parent plants for which no records were available. The forecasted response to selection was 11.2% in the next cycle with 20% S0 selection proportion. This is the first application of the animal model to cyclic selection in heterozygous populations of selfing plants. The method can be used in genomic selection, and for traits measured on S0-derived bulks such as grain yield.
The Effects of Teaching Programming via Scratch on Problem Solving Skills: A Discussion from Learners' Perspective
Authors: KALELIOĞLU Filiz , GÜLBAHAR Yasemin
Published: May 2015

Computer programming is perceived as an important competence for the development of problem solving skills in addition to logical reasoning. Hence, its integration throughout all educational levels, as well as the early ages, is considered valuable and research studies are carried out to explore the phenomenon in more detail. In light of these facts, this study is an exploratory effort to investigate the effect of Scratch programming on 5th grade primary school students' problem solving skills. Moreover, the researchers wondered what 5th grade primary school students think about programming. This study was carried out in an explanatory sequential mixed methods design with the participation of 49 primary school students. According to the quantitative results, programming in Scratch platform did not cause any significant differences in the problem solving skills of the primary school students. There is only a non-significant increase in the mean of the factor of "self- confidence in their problem solving ability". When the thoughts of the primary students were considered, it can be clearly stated that all the students liked programming and wanted to improve their programming. Finally, most of the students found the Scratch platform easy to use.
Collaboration, Collusion and Plagiarism in Computer Science Coursework
Authors: FRASER Robert
Published: May 2015

We present an overview of the nature of academic dishonesty with respect to computer science coursework. We discuss the efficacy of various policies for collaboration with regard to student education, and we consider a number of strategies for mitigating dishonest behaviour on computer science coursework by addressing some common causes. Computer science coursework is somewhat unique, in that there often exist ideal solutions for problems, and work may be shared and copied with very little effort. We discuss the idiosyncratic nature of how collaboration, collusion and plagiarism are defined and perceived by students, instructors and administration. After considering some of the common reasons for dishonest behaviour among students, we look at some methods that have been suggested for mitigating them. Finally, we propose several ideas for improving computer science courses in this context. We suggest emphasizing the intended learning outcomes of each assignment, providing tutorial sessions to facilitate acceptable collaboration, delivering quizzes related to assignment content after each assignment is submitted, and clarifying the boundary between collaboration and collusion in the context of each course. While this discussion is directed at the computer science community, much may apply to other disciplines as well, particularly those with a similar nature such as engineering, other sciences, or mathematics.
Special Issue dedicated to Professor M. Sapagovas 75th Anniversary NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS WITH NONLOCAL CONDITIONS. Guest Editors
Authors: Ivanauskas Feliksas , Rutkauskas Stasys
Published: May 2015

This Special Issue of Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control is dedicated to Professor Mifodijus Sapagovas 75th Anniversary. Prof. Sapagovas is known as a progenitor of the researches of numerical analysis in Lithuania (see http://www.yrasalis.lt). The main interests of his investigations are the numerical methods in the theory of differential equations and the mathematical modeling as well. He has published on these subjects about 140 scientific articles and several scientific books and textbooks. The results obtained by Prof. Sapagovas in these areas are well known in many countries and are widely cited by many researches not only in mathematics but in the adjacent scientific branches, too.
On the stability of a weighted finite difference scheme for wave equation with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Novickij Jurij , Štikonas Artūras
Published: May 2015

We consider the stability of a weighted finite difference scheme for a linear hyperbolic equation with nonlocal integral boundary condition. By studying the spectrum of the transition matrix of the three-layered difference scheme we obtain a sufficient stability condition in a special matrix norm.
*The research was partially supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (grant No. MIP-047/2014).
The Fucík spectrum for nonlocal BVP with Sturm–Liouville boundary condition
Authors: Sergejeva Natalija
Published: May 2015

Boundary value problem of the form x''=-μx++λx-, αx(0)+(1-α)x'(0)=0, ∫01 x(s)ds=0 is considered, where μ,λ∈ R and α∈ [0,1]. The explicit formulas for the spectrum of this problem are given and the spectra for some α values are constructed. Special attention is paid to the spectrum behavior at the points close to the coordinate origin.
Existence of the solution to a nonlocal-in-time evolutional problem
Authors: Makarov Volodymyr , Sytnyk Dmytro , Vasylyk Vitalii
Published: May 2015

This work is devoted to the study of a nonlocal-in-time evolutional problem for the first order differential equation in Banach space. Our primary approach, although stems from the convenient technique based on the reduction of a nonlocal problem to its classical initial value analogue, uses more advanced analysis. That is a validation of the correctness in definition of the general solution representation via the Dunford–Cauchy formula. Such approach allows us to reduce the given existence problem to the problem of locating zeros of a certain entire function. It results in the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a generalized (mild) solution to the given nonlocal problem. Aside of that we also present new sufficient conditions which in the majority of cases generalize existing results.
Higher order nonlocal strain gradient approach for wave characteristics of carbon nanorod
Authors: Yakaiah Bolledla , Rao Apparasu Srihari Srihari
Published: May 2015

In this paper an attempt is made to study the wave dispersion characteristics of a carbon nanorod through second, fourth, sixth and eighth order nonlocal strain gradient models. Expressions are derived for both wave number and wave speeds of the nanorod. The wave characteristics of the nanorod obtained from the nonlocal strain gradient models are compared with the classical continuum model. From these models it is observed that sixth order strain gradient model gives the better approximation than the second and fourth order strain gradient models for dynamic analysis. The second and sixth order strain gradient models gave critical wave number at a certain wave frequency, which does not exist in fourth and eight order strain gradient models.
Solitary wave solutions for a generalized KdV–mKdV equation with distributed delays
Authors: Du Zengji , Wei Dandan , Xu Ying
Published: May 2015

This paper deals with a generalized KdV–mKdV equation with time delay. By employing the geometrical singular perturbation theory and the linear chain trick, we establish the existence result of solitary wave solutions when the average delay is sufficiently small, for a special convolution kernel.
Some conditions of regularity of linear extensions of dynamical systems with respect to selected variables
Authors: Paczko Dariusz , Kulyk Viktor
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we dealt with the issue of the regularity of the linear extension of the dynamical system. Using the Lyapunov function with the changeable sign, conditions for the regularity of the entire examined dynamical system were given, assuming that only a certain separate part of this system was regular. Our results were generalized and improved to the wider class of dynamical systems, for which only a certain combination of components is regular.
Observer-based robust adaptive control for uncertain stochastic Hamiltonian systems with state and input delays
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Peng Lianghong
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the observer-based robust adaptive control problem for a class of stochastic Hamiltonian systems. The systems under consideration relate to parameter uncertainties, unknown state time-delay and input delay. The purpose is to design a delay-dependent observer-based adaptive control law such that for all admissible uncertainties, as well as stochasticity, the closed-loop error system is robustly asymptotically stable in the mean square. Several sufficient conditions are presented to ensure the rationality and validity of the proposed control laws and observers, which are derived based on Lyapunov functional method. Numerical simulations spell out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theories.
Necessary optimality conditions for optimal distributed and (Neumann) boundary control of Burgers equation
Authors: Sun Bing
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we investigate the optimal control of the Burgers equation. For both optimal distributed and (Neumann) boundary control problems, the Dubovitskii and Milyutin functional analytical approach is adopted in investigation of the Pontryagin maximum principles of the systems. The necessary optimality conditions are, respectively, presented for two kinds of optimal control problems in both fixed and free final horizon cases, four extremum problems in all. Moreover, in free final horizon case, the assumptions of admissible control set on convexity and non-empty interior are removed so that it can be any set including an interesting case contains only finite many points. Finally, a remark on how to utilize the obtained results is also made for the illustration.
The effect of diffusion on giant pandas that live in complex patchy environments
Authors: Shi Xiangyun , Song Guohua , Li Zeyu
Published: May 2015

The habitat loss and fragmentation is almost the greatest threat to the survival of the wild giant panda. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model to consider the effect of diffusion on giant pandas that live in complex patchy environments. Our discussion includes the studying of a diffusive n-dimensional single species model, sufficient conditions are derived for the permanence and extinction of the giant panda species. Especially, we also discuss the situations of diffusion of giant pandas between two patches, and numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the results. Furthermore, we consider the existence, uniqueness, and global stability of the positive periodic solution of the n-dimensional single species model. The implications of these results are significant for giant panda conservation.
Codimension two and three bifurcations of a predator–prey system with group defense and prey refuge
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Jinling
Published: May 2015

A predator–prey system with nonmonotonic functional response and prey refuge is considered. We mainly obtain that the system has the bifurcations of cusp-type codimension two and three, these illustrate that the dynamic behaviors of the model with prey refuge will become more complicated than the system with no refuge.
Estimated Number of Infants Detected and Missed by Critical Congenital Heart Defect Screening
Authors: Ailes Elizabeth C. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Honein Margaret A. , Oster Matthew E.
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In 2011, the US Secretary of Health and Human Services recommended universal screening of newborns for critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs), yet few estimates of the number of infants with CCHDs likely to be detected through universal screening exist. Our objective was to estimate the number of infants with nonsyndromic CCHDs in the United States likely to be detected (true positives) and missed (false negatives) through universal newborn CCHD screening.

METHODS:

We developed a simulation model based on estimates of birth prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, late detection, and sensitivity of newborn CCHD screening through pulse oximetry to estimate the number of true-positive and false-negative nonsyndromic cases of the 7 primary and 5 secondary CCHD screening targets identified through screening.

RESULTS:

We estimated that 875 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 705–1060) US infants with nonsyndromic CCHDs, including 470 (95% UI: 360–585) infants with primary CCHD screening targets, will be detected annually through newborn CCHD screening. An additional 880 (UI: 700–1080) false-negative screenings, including 280 (95% UI: 195–385) among primary screening targets, are expected. We estimated that similar numbers of CCHDs would be detected under scenarios comparing “lower” (∼19%) and “higher” (∼41%) than current prenatal detection prevalences.

CONCLUSIONS:

A substantial number of nonsyndromic CCHD cases are likely to be detected through universal CCHD screening; however, an equal number of false-negative screenings, primarily among secondary targets of screening, are likely to occur. Future efforts should document the true impact of CCHD screening in practice.
Capital espiritual: novedad y tradición
Authors: Bosch Magdalena
Published: May 2015

Se analizan las versiones más relevantes de capital espiritual y los aspectos que tienen en común, y cómo algunas lo vinculan con la religión y otras no; se describe el carácter multidimensional de esta noción, lo que converge en una teoría de la motivación profunda y de fuerte arraigo interno en las personas. Esta dimensión intrínseca de la motivación se muestra decisiva en las teorías éticas de la virtud de inspiración aristotélica, que ponen énfasis en el aspecto interno del comportamiento.
Cartografía de la ciudad latinoamericana: fundación del orden colonial
Authors: Landaeta Mardones Patricio , Espinoza Lolas Ricardo
Published: May 2015

La ciudad en Latinoamérica constituye la realización de un modelo de pensamiento y de costumbres que proviene de Europa, y que fue utilizado como instrumento de orden dentro del proceso de colonización de las tierras descubiertas en el Nuevo Mundo. Se presenta una cartografía de la ciudad latinoamericana, teniendo en cuenta tres ejes: a) la fundación de ciudades, b) la ciudad en la Colonia y c) la crítica a las representaciones que sostienen las instituciones de las ciudades. Se busca mostrar la génesis del modelo urbano y su efectuación, pero también el nacimiento de una nueva representación que enjuicia los medios de su realización.
Neotectonic activity and paleoseismological analysis in Eastern of Antioquia, in the vicinity of Medellin city - Colombia
Authors: Rendón-Rivera Albeiro De Jesús , Gallego-Montoya John Jairo , Jaramillo-Rendón Jenny Paola , González-Patiño Adrián , Caballero-Acosta José Humberto , Lalinde-Pulido Claudia Patricia , Arias-López Luis Alberto
Published: May 2015

The aim of this investigation was the paleoseismological characterization of eastern Antioquia, using trenches analysis and detailed study of indicators of neotectonic activity, some of which had been reported in previous seismic hazard assessment studies of the Aburra Valley.Through techniques of neotectonic, paleoseismology and also age correlation of Quaternary deposits obtained by several authors, it was found at Alcaravanes site (Marinilla Town), evidences of three seismic events with magnitudes Mw 6.4, 6.6 and 6.5 which displaced recent deposits with maximum ages of 440,000, 37,000 and 8,000 years respectively. Likewise, two prehistoric earthquakes, both with magnitude Mw 6.5 were recognized at the Hamburgo site (Guarne Town), dated between 880,000 and 37,000 years respectively, which proves the existence and activity of La Mosca fault. Finally, the Manantiales site (Rionegro Town) revealed a couple of seismic events with magnitude Mw 6.7 and 6.6 that displaced alluvial terraces in Rio Negro basin with a maximum age of onset of neotectonic deformation of 880,000 years.Latest neotectonic findings change the perspective of seismic hazard in Medellin city and surroundings. Prehistoric earthquakes have occurred in the last million years and created small surface rupture and faulting not related with active mountain fronts. Furthermore, the evidence shows obliterated active faults and efficiency of erosion factors in modeling relief and alluvial fill in the basins of Rionegro Erosion Surface.
Geonetdigitizer: Open source code to digitalize information given in Wulff and Lambert nets
Authors: Suarez-Burgoa Ludger O.
Published: May 2015

The article carries out the theoretical basis, the usefulness, and validation of the computational program geonetDigitizer (licensed as an open-source code as BSD-2) in order to apply as a toolbox for the programming language MATLAB©. The program geonetDigitizer was designed for the digitalization of plots expressed in the spherical projections Wulff and Lambert, which is of extensive use in structural geology and geomechanics. The reasons of presenting the program as an open code has the purpose to recover historical data presented in those projections, as also to recover old and modern information presented in that projections. All of these will reduce the possible phenomenon known as Digital Dark Age. To validate the code, it is presented here two examples, where real known values are compared with their corresponding values obtained by the process of digitizing. Finally, in the appendix is presented two application examples.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymeric Optical Fiber
Authors: Sánchez Alejandro , Guerra Karla Y. , Porta Andrés V. , Orozco Susana
Published: May 2015

In this work, the viscoelastic behavior of a polymeric step-index optical fiber is studied, and the loss factors η of their complex moduli are calculated. The loss factors of the Young and shear moduli were determined from the measurement of the damping ratio γ of a simple pendulum and a torsion pendulum respectively, using the Kelvin-Voigt model of the viscoelastic theory. The shear and Young complex moduli can be used to study the optic-viscoelastic behavior of a polymeric step-index optical fiber.
Synthesis of AlFe Intermetallic Nanoparticles by High-Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Rosas G. , Chihuaque J. , Bedolla E. , Esparza R. , Pérez R.
Published: May 2015

In this investigation, the chemical and microstructural characteristics of nanostructured AlFe intermetallic produced by high-energy ball milling have been explored. High purity elemental powders were used as the starting material. The ball milling was carried out at room temperature using a SPEX-8000 mixer/mill. The structure, morphology and compositions of the powders were obtained using X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (STEM). High resolution electron microscopy observations have been used in the nanostructured materials characterization. The structural configurations have been explored through comparisons between experimental HREM images and theoretically simulated images obtained with the multislice method of the dynamical theory of electron diffraction.