bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intellectual Roots of the Law and Economics Movement
Authors: Heckman James J.
Published: April 2006

I will summarize my reactions to Hackney's article, then elaborate on them. First, the paper mistakenly interprets an analytical categorization used by modern economists distinguishing efficiency and distribution issues as a politically biased convention. Second, it fails to appreciate a crucial distinction between prices or incentives as motivating devices and compensation to victims or aggrieved parties as a form of social redistribution. Finally, it misreads the intellectual history of the modern law and economics movement. Far from being a byproduct of an antistatist academic economics establishment, law and economics began as an eccentric subfield of economics, cut off from the discipline's postwar mainstream.
Science, Politics, and the Evolution of Law and Neoclassical Economics
Authors: May James
Published: April 2006

James Hackney's article provocatively points our attention to very important and underexplored issues concerning the interplay of science and politics in the dramatic evolution of law and neoclassical economics since the Second World War. At the heart of his article is his rejection of any reductionist interpretation of the leading developments in this area. Modern law and neoclassical economics, he argues, cannot be accurately viewed either as merely a faithful, nonpoliticized application of modern social science or, alternatively, as simply a convenient vehicle for the promotion of particular contentious political beliefs. Hackney insists that law and neoclassical economics, both in general and in the specific doctrinal area he emphasizes, is about both science and politics. His article seeks to demonstrate this duality and, more broadly, to clarify the general nature and evolution of modern law and economics. Hackney highlights key general characteristics of twentieth-century intellectual thought and examines the influence of those characteristics, as well as the interplay between science and politics, in a series of landmark works on law and economics that have great relevance to recent debates over appropriate products liability standards.
Fibers
Authors: Hsieh You‐Lo
Published: April 2006

This survey provides an overview of fiber consumption trends, and of the structure and properties of those fibers that are used in the production of typical apparel, household, and industrial textiles. Both naturally occurring fibers, such as cotton and wool, and synthetic fibers are discussed. The three principal types of fibrous materials (woven, knitted, and nonwoven) are defined and described, as is the relative importance of various geometric, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Particular attention is given to mechanical properties, since fibers can be viewed as elements of construction from which complex three‐dimensional structures are manufactured. Finally, this survey provides an overview of the important molecular and macromolecular characteristics of those polymers that are fiber forming. These considerations extend to natural vegetable fibers, where the principal polymer is cellulose, and to fabricated fibers based either on modification of cellulose or on synthetic polymers, among which polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, and polyacrylonitrile are the most important.
Membrane Properties of Branched Polyprenyl Phosphates, Postulated as Primitive Membrane Constituents
Authors: Gotoh Mari , Miki Ayako , Nagano Hajime , Ribeiro Nigel , Elhabiri Mourad , Gumienna‐Kontecka Elzbieta , Albrecht‐Gary Anne‐Marie , Schmutz Marc , Ourisson Guy , Nakatani Yoichi
Published: April 2006

We have postulated earlier that the highly branched isoprenoid alkanes, which are distributed widely in many sediments, may have been derived from the corresponding branched polyprenyl phosphates, potentially present in biomembranes in primitive organisms. These polyprenyl‐branched polyprenyl phosphates might be derived by a simple alkylation from non‐substituted polyprenyl phosphates, which we postulate to be the precursors of all membrane terpenoids. We have now synthesized a series of 6‐(poly)prenyl‐substituted polyprenyl phosphates and studied the formation of vesicles from these phosphates, as a function of the substituted‐chain length, the position of the double bond, and pH. Nine of the branched polyprenyl phosphates containing 20–30 C‐atoms do form vesicles at a ‘physiological’ pH; the lipophilicity/hydrophilicity ratio is as expected an important factor. We have also studied the water permeability through membranes of these branched polyprenyl phosphate vesicles by our stopped‐flow/light‐scattering method. These highly branched polyprenyl phosphates can more effectively reduce the water permeability than non‐substituted polyprenyl phosphates: the vesicles formed by the former are more stable against mechanical stress. This reinforces our hypothesis about the origin of the sedimentary polyprenyl‐substituted polyprene hydrocarbons.
Prison segregation: administrative detention remedy or mental health problem?
Authors: Miller Holly A. , Young Glenn R.
Published: April 2006

This research was performed as a follow‐up study of general psychological distress levels for inmates housed in restricted environments. Previous research has found increased levels of psychological distress in more restrictive environments, as measured by the global indices of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). This study supported previous findings and found increased distress within three of the nine primary symptom dimensions of the BSI in the current conditions of a federal correctional institution and its segregation unit. This research is the first to report on the psychological distress symptom of interpersonal sensitivity and present the possibility that more severe levels of restriction may be increasing the problems within prisons rather than relieving them. The implications of these findings and the direction of future research are discussed. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Crime, illegal drug use and social control in the transition from school to work
Authors: Hartnagel Timothy F.
Published: April 2006

Some research on adolescents has suggested that delinquency and drug use may have a common aetiology. However, there have been fewer studies on this question among older youth in transition to adulthood. The present research draws upon social control theory to test hypotheses concerning the impact of labour market problems on crime and cannabis use during the transition from school to work. Unemployment and job instability during this transition may be a source of both crime and drug use, particularly among those youth who have particular attitudes and beliefs about the labour market. Contrasting predictions of control and strain theory concerning the interaction between labour market experiences and attitudes are tested in a multivariate analysis with longitudinal data from a four‐year follow‐up of high school graduates from three Canadian cities. Whilst the results demonstrate some overlap in the risk factors for crime and cannabis use, there are also differing causal patterns that suggest minor crime may represent a response to temporary labour market problems whereas cannabis use is a more enduring behaviour pattern. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Water Gelation of an Amino Acid‐Based Amphiphile
Authors: Das Debapratim , Dasgupta Antara , Roy Sangita , Mitra Rajendra Narayan , Debnath Sisir , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: April 2006

The water immobilization by a simple amino acid‐containing cationic surfactant was investigated. A variety of techniques, such as 1H NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were applied to determine the formation and architecture of the hydrogel. The new gelator with a minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of 0.3 % w/v shows prolonged stability and a low melting temperature (39 °C). 1H NMR experiments revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amide groups and π–π stacking of the indole rings are the two regulating parameters for gelation. Furthermore, fluorescence studies with 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) as the probe indicate the participation of hydrophobicity during gelation. The luminescence study using both ANS and pyrene, along with FESEM results, indicate a critical concentration, well below the MGC, at which fibres begin to form. These cross‐link further to give thicker fibers, leading to the formation of a hydrogel (0.3 % w/v). This new hydrogelator expresses high supramolecular chirality, as evidenced by the CD spectra. In addition, the gelator molecule was found to be nontoxic up to a concentration of 4 mM (0.2 % w/v). The high supramolecular chirality, prolonged stability, low melting point, and biocompatibility of the molecule make it a focus of chemical and biological interest.
Kinetic Study of Thermal Z to E Isomerization Reactions of Azobenzene and 4‐Dimethylamino‐4′‐nitroazobenzene in Ionic Liquids [1‐R‐3‐Methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with R=Butyl, Pentyl, and Hexyl]
Authors: Baba Keita , Ono Hajime , Itoh Eri , Itoh Sumitaka , Noda Kyoko , Usui Toshinori , Ishihara Koji , Inamo Masahiko , Takagi Hideo D. , Asano Tsutomu
Published: April 2006

Thermal Z to E isomerization reactions of azobenzene and 4‐dimethylamino‐4′‐nitroazobenzene were examined in three ionic liquids of general formula 1‐R‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (R=butyl, pentyl, and hexyl). The first‐order rate constants and activation energies for the reactions of azobenzene measured in these ionic liquids were consistent with those measured in ordinary organic solvents, which indicated that the slow isomerization through the inversion mechanism with a nonpolar transition state was little influenced by the solvent properties, such as the viscosity and dielectric constant, of ionic liquids. On the other hand, the rate constants and the corresponding frequency factors of the Arrhenius plot were significantly reduced for the isomerization of 4‐dimethylamino‐4′‐nitroazobenzene in ionic liquids compared with those for the isomerization in ordinary organic molecular solvents with similar dielectric properties. Although these ionic liquids are viscous, the apparent viscosity dependence of the rate constant could not be explained either by the Kramers–Grote–Hynes model or by the Agmon–Hopfield model for solution reactions. It is proposed that the positive and the negative charge centers of a highly polar rotational transition state are stabilized by the surrounding anions and cations, respectively, and that the ions must be rearranged so as to form highly ordered solvation shells around the charge centers of the reactant in the transition state. This requirement for the orderly solvation in the transition state results in unusually small frequency factors of 104–107 s−1.
The First Coordination Polymers Based on Octahedral Hexahydroxo Rhenium Cluster Complexes [Re6Q8(OH)6]4‐ (Q: S, Se) and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations.
Authors: Mironov Yuri V. , Fedorov Vladimir E. , Bang Hyunjin , Kim Sung‐Jin
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the Composition and Crystal Structure of the New Quaternary Hydride Phase Li4BN3H10.
Authors: Filinchuk Yaroslav E. , Yvon Klaus , Meisner Gregory P. , Pinkerton Frederick E. , Balogh Michael P.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Spirocyclic P—S Cage Cation: Synthesis and Formation of P7S6I2+.
Authors: Gonsior Marcin , Krossing Ingo , Matern Eberhard
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Styrene Oxides from α‐Haloacetophenones Using NaBH4 and TarB‐NO2, a Chiral Lewis Acid.
Authors: Cordes David B. , Kwong Tracey J. , Morgan Kellie A. , Singaram Bakthan
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on the Transesterification and Macrolactonization of 2‐Pyridyl Esters by Intramolecular N‐Alkylation or Metal Ion Coordination.
Authors: Barrett Anthony G. M. , Frederiksen Mathias U.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
General and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Heterocyclic Multidentate Molecules Based on Microwave‐Assisted Heating Protocol.
Authors: Regnier Thomas , Lavastre Olivier
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polymer‐Supported Formate and Zinc: A Novel System for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds.
Authors: Srinivasa G. R. , Abiraj K. , Gowda D. Channe
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Towards the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Chiral α‐Amino Nitriles by Aminative Cyanation and Their Synthetic Applications.
Authors: Bernardi Luca , Bonini Bianca F. , Capito Elena , Comes‐Franchini Mauro , Dessole Gabriella , Fini Francesco , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Herrera Raquel P. , Ricci Alfredo
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Direct Arylation with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides: Intramolecular Studies Leading to New Intermolecular Reactions.
Authors: Campeau Louis‐Charles , Parisien Mathieu , Jean Annie , Fagnou Keith
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Henry Reaction Catalyzed by Guanidine—Thiourea Bifunctional Organocatalyst.
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Takemura Nobuko , Iguchi Toshitsugu , Hashimoto Yuichi , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Addition of a Chiral Copper Reagent Derived from Propargylic Oxazolidinone to Aldehydes.
Authors: Alouane Nacira , Bernaud Frederic , Marrot Jarome , Vrancken Emmanuel , Mangeney Pierre
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Olefin Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Johansson Magnus J. , Gorin David J. , Staben Steven T. , Toste F. Dean
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Synthesis of Polyhydroxydihydrochalcones and Homoisoflavonoids.
Authors: Siddaiah Vidavalur , Rao Chunduri Venkata , Venkateswarlu Somepalli , Subbaraju Gottumukkala V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Functionalized Hydroquinones via [Cp*RuCl2]2‐Catalyzed Cocyclization of Alkynes, α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds, and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Yamaura Ryo , Higashibeppu Yuki , Okamura Takahiro , Ryu Ilhyong , Kondo Teruyuki , Mitsudo Take‐aki
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Pseudo‐Rotaxane Type Complexes from π‐Extended TTF Dimer Crown Ether and C60.
Authors: Diaz Marta C. , Illescas Beatriz M. , Martin Nazario , Stoddart J. Fraser , Canales M. Angeles , Jimenez‐Barbero Jesus , Sarova Ginka , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inclusion of Methano[60]fullerene Derivatives in Cavitand‐Based Coordination Cages.
Authors: Pirondini Laura , Bonifazi Davide , Cantadori Barbara , Braiuca Paolo , Campagnolo Mara , De Zorzi Rita , Geremia Silvano , Diederich Francois , Dalcanale Enrico
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Fullerohelicates and Fine Tuning of the Photoinduced Processes by Changing the Number of Addends on the Fullerene Subunits.
Authors: Holler Michel , Cardinali Francois , Mamlouk Hind , Nierengarten Jean‐Francois , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Gross Maurice , Rio Yannick , Barigelletti Francesco , Armaroli Nicola
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Trinitrofluorene—Fullerene Dyads as Photosensitizers in Photorefractive Polymer Materials. Redox Behavior and Charge‐Transfer Properties.
Authors: Martin‐Gomis Luis , Ortiz Javier , Fernandez‐Lazaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Angela , Elliot Bevan , Echegoyen Luis
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aziridines as Templates: A General Strategy for the Stereospecific Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones.
Authors: Sharma S. D. , Kanwar Seema , Rajpoot Shivani
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Allene to Allene: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Approach to β‐Allenyl Butenolides and Their Application to the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzene Derivatives.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Gu Zhenhua , Deng Youqian
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Mechanistic Approach to Photochemical Behavior of 4‐Anisyl‐4‐methyl‐2,6‐diphenyl‐4H‐thiopyran‐1,1‐dioxide.
Authors: Rezanejadebardajee Ghasem , Jafarpour Farnaz , Pirelahi Hooshang
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Formation of N‐(4‐Cyano‐2‐phenyloxazol‐5‐yl)benzamide from Benzoyl Cyanide. Evidence for Sulfonate‐Assisted Rearrangement of Benzoyl Cyanide into Benzoyl Isocyanide.
Authors: Saczewski J. , Gdaniec M. , Brzozowski Z.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐(Aryl)‐4‐(azolylethyl)thiazole‐5‐carboxamides: Novel Potent Inhibitors of VEGF Receptors I and II.
Authors: Kiselyov Alexander S. , Piatnitski Evgueni , Semenova Marina , Semenov Victor V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Interaction Between ortho‐Azido and Azoxy Groups as a New Way of Forming a N—N Bond. Synthesis of 2‐Alkylbenzotriazole 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Lipilin D. L. , Karslyan E. E. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 2‐(2,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Matysiak J.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Heterocyclic Atom Exchange Reaction with Lawesson′s Reagent: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Dithiomaltol.
Authors: Brayton Daniel , Jacobsen Faith E. , Cohen Seth M. , Farmer Patrick J.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Perhydropyrazino[1,2‐a]pyrazine Derivatives from Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Lukina Tatyana V. , Sviridov Sergey I. , Shorshnev Sergey V. , Aleksandrov Grigory G. , Stepanov Aleksandr E.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes for Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Baiazitov Ramil Y.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
PTP‐1B Inhibitors: Cyclopenta[d][1,2]‐oxazine Derivatives.
Authors: Choi Joong‐Kwon , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity Studies of Some Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Verma Rajesh K. , Chaurasia Leena
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkyne Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by a Cationic Ruthenium Complex: Efficient and General trans Addition.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Ball Zachary T.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silylformylation—Desilylation of Propargyl Amides: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Aronica Laura Antonella , Raffa Patrizio , Valentini Giulia , Caporusso Anna Maria , Salvadori Piero
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Epoxidation of Phosphinoyl Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Ono Yutaka , Han Li‐Biao
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Studies Towards the Novel Diterpenoid Rameswaralide: RCM Mediated Acquisition of the Tricyclic Core.
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Lakshminath Sripada
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triterpenoids from Pyrethrum tatsienense.
Authors: Yang Al‐Mei , Liu Xia , Lu Run‐Hua , Shi Yan‐Ping
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Claisen Rearrangement in Natural Product Synthesis: Synthetic Studies Toward (‐)‐Xeniolide F.
Authors: Pollex Annett , Hiersemann Martin
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Progesterone Esters as 5α‐Reductase Inhibitors.
Authors: Ramirez Elena , Cabeza Marisa , Bratoeff Eugene , Heuze Ivonne , Perez Victor , Valdez David , Ochoa Martha , Teran Nayeli , Jimenez Geidy , Ramirez Teresa
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
S‐(2‐Pyrimidinyl)‐ and S‐(2‐(4,6‐Dimethylpyrimidinyl))‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethylthiouronium Hexafluorophosphates: Novel Reagents for in situ Peptide Coupling.
Authors: Garner Philip , Sesenoglu Oezge , Kaniskan H. Uemit
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iminosugars as Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors: Synthesis of Polyhydroxypyrrolidines and Their Evaluation on Chitin Synthase Activity.
Authors: Gautier‐Lefebvre Isabelle , Behr Jean‐Bernard , Guillerm Georges , Muzard Murielle
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Stability of Mixed Nonfluorinated 1,1,1‐Trihalo‐alkanes.
Authors: Francisco Cosme G. , Gonzalez Concepcion C. , Kennedy Alan R. , Paz Nieves R. , Suarez Ernesto
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Oxidation at C‐4 of Flavans by the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. Isolated from a Tea Plant.
Authors: Agusta Andria , Maehara Shoji , Ohashi Kazuyoshi , Simanjuntak Partomuan , Shibuya Hirotaka
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantiospecific First Total Synthesis of (+)‐2β‐Hydroxysolanascone, the Aglycone of the Phytoalexin Isolated from Flue‐Cured Tobacco Leaves.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Ramasastry S. S. V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Core Structure (I) of the Fungal Metabolite Benesudon (II): Use of Oxidative Decarboxylation.
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Minaruzzaman Minaruzzaman , Yang Haikang
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phomoxins B (I) and C (II): Polyketides from an Endophytic Fungus of the Genus Eupenicillium.
Authors: Davis Rohan A. , Andjic Vesna , Kotiw Michael , Shivas Roger G.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Diospongin B.
Authors: Chandrasekhar S. , Shyamsunder T. , Prakash S. Jaya , Prabhakar A. , Jagadeesh B.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convergent Synthesis of the FGHI Ring Segment (I) of Yessotoxin.
Authors: Kadota Isao , Ueno Hirokazu , Sato Yuki , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sonochemical Formation of Single‐Crystalline Gold Nanobelts.
Authors: Zhang Jianling , Du Jimin , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin , Jiang Tao , Zhang Zhaofu
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Diagrams, Phase Transformations, and the Prediction of Metal Properties
Authors: Morita K. , Sano N.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Intercalation and Modification of Surfaces of Layered Compounds
Authors: Wypych F. , Satyanarayana K. G.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Routes to Thiooligosaccharides and Thioglycopeptides
Authors: Pachamuthu Kandasamy , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Madindolines, Potent Selective Inhibitors of Interleukine 6, Novel Bioactive Microbial Metabolites
Authors: Sunazuka Toshiaki , Hirose Tomoyasu , Omura Satoshi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Allylation Reactions in Aqueous Media: Development, Applications and Future Works
Authors: Loh Teck‐Peng , Chua Guan‐Leong
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Tunneling and Protein Motion in Enzyme Reactions
Authors: Hammes‐Schiffer Sharon
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bundling, unbundling, and pricing of multiform products: The case of magazine content
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Chatterjee Rabikar
Published: April 2006

The Internet has given rise to a new class of multiform (i.e., hybrid) products that can be offered in both offline and online forms, such as music and magazines. The online medium enables bundling, and unbundling, of such products at negligible cost. Focusing on a print magazine publisher, we develop an analytical model to address three questions. Under what product-market conditions should the seller offer the magazine content online? What assortment of online forms (bundle, unbundled modules, or both) is optimal? What are the pricing implications? A key result is that going online is profit enhancing even when the market strongly prefers the print medium and there are no advertising revenues. Under these circumstances, the online modules, rather than the online bundle, better complements the print bundle. Also, the wider the product line, the higher the prices of the individual products.
Development of a scale to measure the perceived benefits and risks of online shopping
Authors: Forsythe Sandra , Liu Chuanlan , Shannon David , Gardner Liu Chun
Published: April 2006

In this paper, we report the development of scales to measure the perceived benefits and risks associated with online shopping. Based on an exploratory qualitative inquiry and quantitative assessment, a four-factor scale of perceived benefits and a three-factor scale of perceived risks of online shopping were developed. Results from two national samples support the proposed measures of perceived benefits and risks associated with online shopping in terms of construct, convergent, discriminate, nomological, and predictive validity. Variation of these perceptions over time was also examined to test scale stability over time and to describe the evolution of online shopping.
Stripping Chronopotentiometry and Stripping Voltammetry of Mixtures of Heavy Metal Ions Producing Close Signals: The Cd(II)‐Pb(II)‐Phthalate System
Authors: Serrano Núria , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel
Published: April 2006

The effects of the proximity of the signals of two heavy metal ions in stripping voltammetry (SV) and constant‐current stripping chronopotentiometry (SCP) is studied at mercury drop (HMDE) and mercury film (MFE) electrodes. For this purpose, the Cd(II)‐Pb(II)‐phthalate system is used, taking advantage of the approaching of the signals corresponding to Cd(II)‐phthalate and Pb(II)‐phthalate labile complexes as phthalate is added to mixtures of Cd(II) and Pb(II)‐ions. The results are compared with those obtained by differential pulse polarography (DPP) and by stripping measurements on the Pb(II)‐phthalate system alone, showing discrepancies in SCP data under nondepletive conditions and negligible differences in the other cases.
High‐order stable interpolations for immersed boundary methods
Authors: Peller Nikolaus , Duc Anne Le , Tremblay Frédéric , Manhart Michael
Published: April 2006

The analysis and improvement of an immersed boundary method (IBM) for simulating turbulent flows over complex geometries are presented. Direct forcing is employed. It consists in interpolating boundary conditions from the solid body to the Cartesian mesh on which the computation is performed. Lagrange and least squares high‐order interpolations are considered. The direct forcing IBM is implemented in an incompressible finite volume Navier–Stokes solver for direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large eddy simulations (LES) on staggered grids. An algorithm to identify the body and construct the interpolation schemes for arbitrarily complex geometries consisting of triangular elements is presented. A matrix stability analysis of both interpolation schemes demonstrates the superiority of least squares interpolation over Lagrange interpolation in terms of stability. Preservation of time and space accuracy of the original solver is proven with the laminar two‐dimensional Taylor–Couette flow. Finally, practicability of the method for simulating complex flows is demonstrated with the computation of the fully turbulent three‐dimensional flow in an air‐conditioning exhaust pipe. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of Nickel Electrodeposition on Paraffin‐Impregnated Graphite Electrode
Authors: Strečková Magdaléna , Oriňáková Renáta , Rozik Roland , Trnková Libuše , Gálová Miriam
Published: April 2006

The aim of the present work was to elucidate the mechanism of electrolytic deposition of Ni on paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE). This process is influenced by H2 evolution, which occurs in the same potential region. On the basis of the results obtained by linear and cyclic voltammetry, elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) was used to evaluate both processes. H2 Evolution alone was studied in sulfate supporting electrolyte, and the previously suggested mechanism for this process according to Volmer–Heyrovsky was confirmed by EVLS. It was found that both the Ni2+ concentration and pH affect the polarization behavior of PIGE significantly. Two separated cathodic peaks were observed at low Ni2+ and high H+ concentrations, and the separation was better at higher scan rates. EVLS confirmed the most‐probable mechanism of Ni deposition as being controlled by slow transfer of the first electron under formation of [NiOH]+ as an intermediate. EVLS also indicated slow reduction of H+ preceding the reduction of Ni2+. The same was confirmed by studying the anodic dissolution at different switching potentials. The results were complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
A New Approach to Sesquiterpene Arenes of the 9,11‐Drimenyl Type (= [(1E,2RS,4aRS,8aRS)‐Octahydro‐2,5,5,8a‐tetramethylnaphthalen‐1(2H)‐ylidene] methyl Type)
Authors: Bernet Andreas , Seifert Karlheinz
Published: April 2006

A new reaction sequence for the synthesis of the sesquiterpene arenes (±)‐wiedendiol B ((±)‐1) and the siphonodictyal B derivative (±)‐ 21 consists in the coupling of (±)‐drimanoyl chloride ((±)‐3) with lithiated and appropriately substituted aromatic synthons to furnish the ketones (±)‐7 and (±)‐17 which were reduced to the benzyl alcohols (±)‐8a,b and (±)‐18a,b, respectively (Schemes 5, 4, and 12). The 9,11‐double bond of the drimenes (±)‐9 and (±)‐19 was formed by elimination of H2O from the benzyl alcohols (±)‐8a,b and (±)‐18a,b (Schemes 6 and 12). New alternatives were applied to this elimination reaction involving either the pyridine ⋅ SO3 complex or chloral as reagents.
Nutrigenomics—new approaches for human nutrition research
Authors: Roche Helen M
Published: April 2006

Food intake and nutrient exposure are key environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis and progression of the common polygenic, diet‐related diseases. An individual's phenotype represents a complex interaction between the human genome and environmental factors during an individual's lifetime. This review explores the concept that there is a dynamic, two‐way interaction between nutrition and the human genome which determines gene expression, the metabolic response and an individual's health status. It addresses the relevance of new high‐throughput genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic technologies within human nutrition research. Common, polygenic, diet‐related diseases (CVD, obesity, T2DM, etc.) reflect multiple genetic variants interacting with numerous environmental factors, each combination making a relatively small contribution to overall cellular homeostasis, whole body metabolism and health. This review highlights the value of a nutrigenomics‐based systems biology approach to understanding human nutrition and identifying new biomarkers of nutrition and health. The challenge will be to develop and apply robust nutritional genomics research initiatives that are sensitive enough to take account of both human genetic heterogeneity and diverse nutrient exposure. If nutrigenomic approaches enhance our understanding of human nutrition at the molecular level, then it may be possible to apply a more targeted and effective personalized nutrition approach to attenuate the effect of risk factors associated with diet‐related diseases. Indeed it could be proposed that a personalized nutrition approach may assist in improving the effectiveness of dietary guidelines/recommendations in general. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Purification of major glucosinolates from Brassicaceae seeds and preparation of isothiocyanate and amine metabolites
Authors: Song Lijiang , Iori Renato , Thornalley Paul J
Published: April 2006

Consumption of Brassica vegetables containing glucosinolates is associated with decreased risk of cancer at several tissue sites. Studies of the relative potency and metabolism of the major dietary isothiocyanates have been hindered by limited availability of high‐purity isothiocyanates and their glucosinolate precursors. We describe a simple procedure for the preparation of glucosinolates sinigrin, gluconapin, progoitrin, glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin and gluconasturtiin from vegetable seeds. Glucosinolates were extracted from the seeds of mustard, oilseed, broccoli, cauliflower and winter cress. Purification by preparative anion exchange and reversed‐phase column chromatography gave the pure glucosinolates. Good separation was achieved without using ion‐pair reagents. Related isothiocyanates and amine degradation products were prepared by myrosinase‐catalysed hydrolysis of the corresponding glucosinolate and by organic synthesis, respectively. The compounds were characterized by analytical HPLC, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Optimized conditions for detection and quantitation of these glucosinolates and metabolites by LC‐MS/MS are also given. Large‐scale glucosinolate preparation could be performed, giving amounts suitable for pharmacological evaluation in vivo. These methods will facilitate studies of the pharmacological activity and metabolism of dietary glucosinolates. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Experiences with the COPM and client‐centred practice in adult neurorehabilitation in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ya‐Hsin , Rodger Sylvia , Polatajko Helene
Published: April 2006

The application of a client‐centred approach and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were investigated in a neurorehabilitation unit in Taiwan. Four Taiwanese occupational therapists were trained in the use of client‐centred practice and the COPM before using them with 12 clients attending neurorehabilitation. The COPM and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL) were administered before treatment and after one month of neurorehabilitation to investigate the sensitivity of the COPM in measuring change. Pre and post interviews were also conducted with the participating occupational therapists to ascertain their perceptions of the clinical utility of the COPM, and to determine their views about the client‐centred approach. Matched t‐tests showed significant increases in clients' self‐ratings of performance and satisfaction on the COPM and in RNL scores between pre and post tests. The qualitative findings highlighted issues regarding the administration, scoring and identification of problems in the COPM and client‐centred practice, such as clients' willingness to manage their own health care and empowerment to participate in intervention, as well as therapists' knowledge of and confidence with this new approach. Although this study was limited by small sample size and the use of only one hospital neurorehabilitation unit, it has shown the utility of the COPM as an outcome measure in this setting. Further research is warranted to investigate cultural influences on client‐centred practice. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Performance of school‐aged children on a Chinese handwriting speed test
Authors: Tseng Mei Hui , Hsueh I‐Ping
Published: April 2006

Slow handwriting speed is one of the major problems encountered by school‐aged children having handwriting difficulties. These children are often referred to occupational therapists for assessment and intervention. However, to date, no norms of handwriting speed have been published for the Chinese writing system for school‐aged children. The purpose of this study was to document handwriting speed performance of Chinese children from Grades 2 to 6. The results of this study will provide occupational therapists with an objective guideline when screening children who have handwriting speed problems. Participants were 1525 children from Grades 2 to 6 from three elementary schools in the Taipei area. Participants were asked to copy texts from a Chinese textbook that they had studied in the second semester of the first grade. The test lasted for five minutes. Results showed that handwriting speed increased with age; and the rate of increase was found to be greatest among Grades 2, 3, and 4. Furthermore, girls wrote faster than boys in Grades 3, 4, and 5. This study's baseline data on handwriting speed for the Chinese writing system provide further substantial information for future research and clinical practice. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A physiotherapy test package for assessing back and neck dysfunction — discriminative ability for patients versus healthy control subjects
Authors: Ljungquist Therese , Fransson Britt , Harms‐Ringdahl Karin , Björnham Åke , Nygren Åke
Published: April 2006

Background and Purpose

A physiotherapy test package of 10 tests designed for assessing dysfunction due to back or neck pain was tested for its ability to discriminate between back‐ or neck‐pain sufferers and healthy control subjects. Twenty‐seven patients and 26 healthy control subjects participated in the study.

Method

Fifteen patients suffering from back or neck pain and 15 matched healthy control subjects were assessed using the package to compare the results between the groups. The results from a further 12 back‐ or neck‐pain sufferers and 11 unmatched healthy control subjects were analysed with respect to sensitivity and specificity, cluster formation and correlation with ratings of pain and perceived exertion.

Results

The differences in the test results for the patients and the matched healthy control subjects were highly significant in all variables but one. High sensitivity for cut‐off points of clinical relevance was found in all variables but one, whereas specificity was moderate in most variables.

Conclusions

Despite the small sample size, the significant differences between patients and healthy control subjects, with the sensitivity and specificity figures, suggest that the content validity of the test package is satisfactory. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.