bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric characteristics and kinetics of iron release in visceral mass of Saccostrea cucullata
Authors: Zhu Bo , Ke Cai‐Huan , Huang He‐Qing
Published: August 2011

Ferritins with electrophoretic homogeneity were prepared from the visceral mass of Saccostrea cucullata in batch. The native PAGE approach showed similar electrophoretic mobility among pig pancreatic ferritin, liver ferritin of Dasyatis akajei, and visceral mass ferritin of Saccostrea cucullata. SDS‐PAGE indicated that the Saccostrea cucullata visceral ferritin (SCVF) consisted of a single subunit type and had a molecular weight (MW) of approximately 20 kDa, suggesting that the protein shell in SCVF was composed of a single subunit. In addition, peptide mass fingerprinting and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify SCVF further, and to observe its molecular structure. We found that the molecular structure in SCVF was similar to that of most mammalian ferritins, which are composed of a protein shell and an iron core. The results of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry under the assistance of an acidic matrix, sinapic acid, also showed that SCVF was composed of a single subunit type and its subunit MW was calculated to be 19871.042 Da in the absence of heme. Kinetics analysis revealed that the complete process of iron release fitted the law of a first‐order reaction, which is similar to that of most ferritins in mammals. Similar to bacterial ferritin, studies indicated that the shell consisted of a single subunit type and showed similar kinetics of iron release, suggesting that this subunit plays two important roles in iron release and storage, and that it shows different stability and intensity of interaction in carrying out its physiological functions in SCVF. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gewächshäuser
Authors: Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram , Ummenhofer Thomas
Published: August 2011

Gewächshäuser sind in Deutschland seit 1958 in einer eigenen Gewächshausfachnorm – der DIN 11535, geregelt. Deren Bezugsbasis sind die Lastnormen der Reihe DIN 1055. Seit Einführung der neuen Normenreihe der DIN 1055‐Neu treten Schnittstellenprobleme und Widersprüchlichkeiten auf. Mit dem Übergang zum Eurocode ergibt sich die Möglichkeit zur Nutzung des europäischen Bemessungskonzepts nach EN 1990 für Gewächshäuser, wie es in der DIN EN 13031‐1: 2003‐09 bereits vorliegt. Dabei ist neben der Einarbeitung der nationalen Besonderheiten bei Lasten wie Wind und Schnee, aber auch im Sicherheitskonzept die Aktualisierung, die Berichtigung, die Straffung und die Vervollständigung der Berechnungsgrundlagen möglich. Die Ergebnisse werden im Beitrag erstmalig vorgestellt werden.

Greenhouses – The European Design Concept – Background and Application. Greenhouses are standardised in a German Standard – DIN 11535, since 1958. Their basis of reference is the DIN 1055 series of codes for actions on structures. Since introduction of the new series of codes for actions on structures, the DIN 1055‐New, interface problems and inconsistencies exist. With the transition into the Eurocodes, there are now possibilities of using the European design concept on greenhouses on the basis of EN 1990, as already exists for EN 13031‐1: 2003‐09. In addition to including the nationally related values with respect to actions such as wind and snow as well as the safety concept, the update, the correction, the consolidation and the completion of the design regulations is now possible. The results are presented in this paper for the first time.
90 Jahre Stahlbau an der Versuchsanstalt in Karlsruhe
Authors: Ruff Daniel C.
Published: August 2011

Die Berufung von Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ernst Gaber an die Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe im Jahr 1921 markierte den Startschuss des “Prüfraum Gaber“, aus dem später die Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine hervorging. Heute ist die Versuchsanstalt Teil des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) und besteht aus den Abteilungen Holzbau und Baukonstruktionen sowie Stahl‐ und Leichtbau. Im folgenden Beitrag wird auf die Geschichte dieser Einrichtung in Bezug auf den Fachbereich Stahlbau zurückgeblickt.

90 years Steel Construction at the research centre in Karlsruhe, Germany. The appointment of Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ernst Gaber to the University of Technology at Karlsruhe in 1921 gave the go‐ahead for the “Testing Room Gaber”, from which the Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine (Research Centre for Steel, Timber and Masonry) developed later. Today, the research center is part of Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT) consisting of the departments Wood Construction and Structural Design as well as of Steel and Lightweight Structures. In the following contribution it is looked back on the history of this institution related to Steel Construction.
1:1 and 2:1 Copper(II) Adduct Complexes with a Tripodal Ligand and Imidazole, Pyridine, and 4,4′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Qi Zhao‐Peng , Sun Jin‐Yu , Xu Han , Hu Feng‐Kai , Zhang Hui , Liu Wei‐Bing
Published: August 2011

Four new copper(II) complexes [Cu(HL)(im)](ClO4)2 (1), [Cu(HL)(py)](ClO4)2 (2), [Cu2(HL)2(bpy)2](ClO4)4·H2O (3), and [Cu2(HL)2(bpy)](ClO4)4·H2O (4) (im = imidazole; py = pyridine; bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) were synthesized by reactions of tripodal ligandN1‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐N1‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐ylmethyl)‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine(HL) and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O with different nitrogen‐containing aromatic ligands. It was found that the size of the N‐containing aromatic ligand, and the ratio of the ligand and metal ion, have great influence on the formation and structure of the complexes.
Instantaneous closed loop control of the radiative transfer equations with applications in radiotherapy
Authors: Frank M. , Herty M. , Hinze M.
Published: August 2011

In this paper we consider a time‐dependent Boltzmann equation for particle transport in biological tissues, which can be used for radiation dose calculation. We assume that the dose should be delivered to a target volume which moves over time. We formulate this as an optimal control problem and derive closed‐loop control laws for the dose delivery problem using boundary and distributed control. Optimality conditions are derived. For the construction of the closed‐loop control laws we use an inexact variant of model predictive control called instantaneous control. We compare numerical results obtained with instantaneous control to those obtained by optimal open‐loop control, and present numerical simulations in one and two spatial dimensions. This work could be applied to image‐guided radiation therapy, where patient motion during treatment is one of the future challenges.
On an iteration method of finding a solution of a nonlinear equilibrium problem for the Timoshenko plate
Authors: Peradze J.
Published: August 2011

A boundary value problem of Timoshenko plate equilibrium in axially symmetric displacements is considered. From the given system of ordinary differential equations an integro‐differential equation is singled‐out with respect to the plate deflection w that, together with the Dirichlet boundary conditions, makes up a boundary value problem. After finding w, other plate displacement characteristics u and ψ are defined. To approximate the problem solution for w, the Galerkin method is used. It leads to a nonlinear system of algebraic equations that is solved by the iteration method. The convergence of the iteration process is established and the error estimates are obtained for the displacement characteristics under some natural conditions. All constants from these conditions and the inequalities for the error are expressed explicitly through the initial data of the problem. The numerical examples illustrating the convergence conditions are given.
Brief report: Understanding intention to be physically active and physical activity behaviour in adolescents from a low socio‐economic status background: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Rivis Amanda , Jordan Caroline
Published: August 2011

The aim of this brief report is to report on the utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) for predicting the physical activity intentions and behaviour of British adolescents from lower‐than‐average socio‐economic backgrounds. A prospective questionnaire design was employed with 197, 13–14 year olds (76 males, 121 females). At time 1 participant completed standard measures of TPB variables. One week later (Time 2), participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ‐A) as a measure of physical activity behaviour. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that attitude and perceived behavioural control jointly accounted for 25% of the variance in intention (p = 0.0001). Perceived behavioural control emerged as the only significant predictor of physical activity behaviour and explained 3.7% of the variance (p = 0.001). Therefore, attitude and PBC successfully predicts intention towards physical activity and PBC predicts physical activity behaviour in British adolescents from lower‐than‐average socio‐economic backgrounds.
MicroRNA‐451 regulates p38 MAPK signaling by targeting of Ywhaz and suppresses the mesangial hypertrophy in early diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Luo Xiaomei , Ding Songtao , Chen Junxia , Chen Tao , Chen Xin , Zha He , Yao Li , He Xiaoyan , Peng Huimin
Published: August 2011

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major diabetic complication. However, the initiating molecular events triggering DN are unknown. In this study we focused on microRNA‐451 (miR‐451), which is downregulated during early DN. We found that miR‐451 negatively regulated the expression of Ywhaz through Ywhaz 3′UTR and that Ywhaz was required for the miR‐451‐mediated downregulation of p38 MAPK signalling. Moreover, over‐expression of miR‐451 inhibits glomerular mesangial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that the growth‐inhibitory effect of miR‐451 may be explained in part by miR‐451‐induced suppression of Ywhaz and p38 MAPK signalling, providing evidence for the potential role of miR‐451 in early DN.
Confronting the challenge of unsafe second‐trimester abortion
Authors: Harris Lisa H. , Grossman Daniel
Published: August 2011

Unsafe abortion accounts for approximately 13% of maternal deaths worldwide—roughly 47 000 deaths per year. Most deaths from unsafe abortion occur in low‐resource countries. Second‐trimester abortion carries a higher risk of morbidity and mortality compared with first‐trimester abortion and, although the former comprises the minority of abortion procedures worldwide, it is responsible for the majority of serious complications and death where unsafe abortion is prevalent. Therefore, improving access to safe second‐trimester abortion must be a priority in low‐income regions of the world if the majority of deaths from unsafe abortion are to be prevented. In the present paper, we consider a variety of barriers to second‐trimester care, including healthcare provider training and abortion stigma, which may lead to neglect of unmet need for second‐trimester services.
Does the distance between us matter? Influences of physical proximity to others on consumer choice
Authors: Xu Jing , Shen Hao , Wyer Robert S.
Published: August 2011

Individuals’ physical closeness to one another can either increase or decrease their preference for distinctive products. When individuals perceive their proximity to others to be voluntary, they are likely to interpret it as an indication of their affiliation motivation. Consequently, in a product choice task, they choose options that others consider desirable. When people perceive that their close proximity to others results from circumstances beyond their control, however, they feel that their personal space is violated and experience a need for to express their individuality. In this case, they are more likely to choose products that distinguish themselves from others.
Late Quaternary lake-level changes of Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Siberia
Authors: Juschus Olaf , Pavlov Maksim , Schwamborn Georg , Preusser Frank , Fedorov Grigory , Melles Martin
Published: August 2011

Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6 Ma old impact crater in northeastern Siberia. Presented here is a reconstruction of the Quaternary lake-level history as derived from sediment cores from the southern lake shelf. There, a cliff-like bench 10 m below the modern water level has been investigated. Deep-water sediments on the shelf indicate high lake levels during a warm Mid-Pleistocene period. One period with low lake level prior to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 has been identified, followed by a period of high lake level (10 m above present). In the course of MIS 2 the lake level dropped to − 10 m. At the end of MIS 2 the bench was formed and coarse beach sedimentation occurred. Subsequently, the lake level rose rapidly to the Holocene level. Changes in water level are likely linked to climate variability. During relatively temperate periods the lake becomes free of ice in summer. Strong wave actions transport sediment parallel to the coast and towards the outlet, where the material tends to accumulate, resulting in lake level rise. During cold periods the perennial lake ice cover hampers any wave activity and pebble-transport, keeping the outlet open and causing the lake level to drop.
Luminescence sensitivities of quartz grains from eolian deposits in northern China and their implications for provenance
Authors: Lü Tongyan , Sun Jimin
Published: August 2011

The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivities of quartz grains from deserts and loess–red clay sequences are used to trace eolian provenances in northern China. Our results indicate that the 110°C TL peak and OSL sensitivities of quartz grains show differences among Chinese deserts, which can be subdivided into four groups according to the spatial variations of luminescence sensitivities. Such differences are related mostly to the regional difference in rock types of mountains surrounding or adjacent to the deserts. We also examine the possible provenance changes between the Quaternary loess and the Tertiary eolian red clay, and the results indicate that the luminescence sensitivity of Tertiary red clay is higher than that of Quaternary loess (L1, L15, and L33), implying source materials of the eolian deposits changed relative to those of the Quaternary.
Chronology of latest Pleistocene mountain glaciation in the western Wasatch Mountains, Utah, U.S.A.
Authors: Laabs Benjamin J. C. , Marchetti David W. , Munroe Jeffrey S. , Refsnider Kurt A. , Gosse John C. , Lips Elliott W. , Becker Richard A. , Mickelson David M. , Singer Brad S.
Published: August 2011

Understanding the timing of mountain glacier and paleolake expansion and retraction in the Great Basin region of the western United States has important implications for regional-scale climate change during the last Pleistocene glaciation. The relative timing of mountain glacier maxima and the well-studied Lake Bonneville highstand has been unclear, however, owing to poor chronological limits on glacial deposits. Here, this problem is addressed by applying terrestrial cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating to a classic set of terminal moraines in Little Cottonwood and American Fork Canyons in the western Wasatch Mountains. The exposure ages indicate that the main phase of deglaciation began at 15.7 ± 1.3 ka in both canyons. This update to the glacial chronology of the western Wasatch Mountains can be reconciled with previous stratigraphic observations of glacial and paleolake deposits in this area, and indicates that the start of deglaciation occurred during or at the end of the Lake Bonneville hydrologic maximum. The glacial chronology reported here is consistent with the growing body of data suggesting that mountain glaciers in the western U.S. began retreating as many as 4 ka after the start of northern hemisphere deglaciation (at ca. 19 ka).
The monsoon imprint during the ‘atypical’ MIS 13 as seen through north and equatorial Indian Ocean records
Authors: Caley Thibaut , Malaizé Bruno , Bassinot Franck , Clemens Steven C. , Caillon Nicolas , Linda Rossignol , Charlier Karine , Rebaubier Helene
Published: August 2011

Previous studies have suggested that Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13, recognized as atypical in many paleoclimate records, is marked by the development of anomalously strong summer monsoons in the northern tropical areas. To test this hypothesis, we performed a multi-proxy study on three marine records from the tropical Indian Ocean in order to reconstruct and analyse changes in the summer Indian monsoon winds and precipitations during MIS 13. Our data confirm the existence of a low-salinity event during MIS 13 in the equatorial Indian Ocean but we argue that this event should not be considered as “atypical”. Taking only into account a smaller precession does not make it possible to explain such precipitation episode. However, when considering also the larger obliquity in a more complete orbitally driven monsoon “model,” one can successfully explain this event. In addition, our data suggest that intense summer monsoon winds, although not atypical in strength, prevailed during MIS 13 in the western Arabian Sea. These strong monsoon winds, transporting important moisture, together with the effect of insolation and Eurasian ice sheet, are likely one of the factors responsible for the intense monsoon precipitation signal recorded in China loess, as suggested by model simulations.
The Struggle for Control of the Modern Corporation
Authors: Freeland Robert F.
Published: August 2011

Winner of the 2005 Business History Review Newcomen Award for best book in business history, The Struggle for Control of the Modern Corporation provides a fascinating historical overview of decision-making and political struggle within one of America's largest and most important corporations. Drawing on primary historical material, Robert Freeland examines the changes in General Motors' organization between the years 1924 and 1970. He takes issue with the well-known argument of business historian Alfred Chandler and economist Oliver Wiliamson, who contend that GM's multidivisional corporate structure emerged and survived because it was more efficient than alternative forms of organization. This book illustrates that for most of its history, GM intentionally violated the fundamental axioms of efficient organization put forth by these analysts. It did so in order to create cooperation and managerial consent to corporate policies. Freeland uses the GM case to re-examine existing theories of corporate governance, arguing that the decentralized organizational structure advocated by efficiency theorists may actually undermine cooperation, and thus foster organizational decline.
The Soviet Study of International Relations
Authors: Lynch Allen
Published: August 2011

'Dr Lynch's book is an insightful and incisive examination of Soviet theories and concepts of international politics and foreign policy. Not only does he provide a concise exposition of the orthodox Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist foundations of Soviet thinking on international affairs, but he also examines the important departures from that orthodoxy under Khrushchev and Brezhnev. More important, however, he focuses on the intellectual ferment which characterized the infrastructure of the Soviet foreign policy establishment during the past twenty years … His elegantly written words and powerful expository style enable us to understand better both Soviet thinking and Soviet behaviour in international affairs.'
Vernon Aspaturian, Chair of the Shulman Prize Committee, 1987
Trojanische Alterthümer
Authors: Schliemann Heinrich
Published: August 2011

Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890) was a successful businessman and self-taught archaeologist who is best known for discovering the site of the ancient city of Troy. In this 1874 work, written in the style of a diary, Schliemann describes his excavations at Hissarlik in Turkey, which revealed the remains of not just one but several substantial, superimposed ancient settlements, the earliest of which dates back to 4500 BCE. Schliemann himself was convinced that he had located Troy, and the spectacular golden treasure which he unearthed made his discovery famous around the world. Although his excavating techniques were crude, and later work on the site has led to the conclusion that the treasure dates from a much earlier settlement than Homeric Troy, Schliemann's achievement was extraordinary and his account makes compelling reading. This book was translated into English in 1875 as Troy and Its Remains, also reissued in this series.
The Riddle of the Universe at the Close of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August
Published: August 2011

Originally trained as a physician, the biologist and thinker Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), was an evolutionist who remained sceptical of natural selection. This book, which first appeared in German in 1899, sold 10,000 copies in its first few months and was published in an English translation the following year. In the preface, Haeckel applauds the technological progress of the nineteenth century, but bemoans the lack of communication between empirical scientists and abstract philosophers in the search for truth. The book carefully outlines Haeckel's monistic philosophy and ethics, which he sees as the key to human progress. Its twenty chapters cover anthropology, psychology, cosmology and theology, ranging from the embryology of the soul to a debate on Christianity and science. Haeckel's philosophy attracted a sizeable following for several decades, and it remains of interest to historians working on the reception of Darwinism as well as on its appropriation into Nazi ideology.
Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism
Authors: Jeans James
Published: August 2011

Sir James Jeans' well-known treatise covers the topics in electromagnetic theory required by every non-specialist physicist. It provides the relevant mathematical analysis and is therefore useful to those whose mathematical knowledge is limited, as well as to the more advanced physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians. A large number of examples are given.
Treatise on the Laws of Literary Property
Authors: Maugham Robert
Published: August 2011

Originally published in 1828, Robert Maugham's Treatise on the Laws of Literary Property was the first comprehensive examination of copyright laws in Britain. Maugham was writing at a time when the rights of the 'scholar' and the 'artist' were under great debate, themes paralleled in the increasingly 'digital' literary climate of the 21st century. Dedicated to protecting the rights of the author, Maugham branded the introduction of copyright laws, and the debate surrounding the subject, a 'great literary controversy'. His Treatise served to inspire changes in copyright law and provides an accessible, detailed, and thorough discussion of the statutes that governed British authors and publishers in the nineteenth century.
A Treatise upon Modern Instrumentation and Orchestration
Authors: Berlioz Hector
Published: August 2011

This is a translation of the second (1858) edition of Berlioz's landmark treatise by Mary Cowden Clarke, daughter of music publisher Vincent Novello. The book was quick to establish itself as a standard work, reflecting Berlioz's keen understanding of the orchestra as both composer and conductor. It is intended as a textbook on the craft of orchestration and to promote better understanding of the essential character of each instrument. Technical details and sonorities are discussed and illustrated with musical examples from composers Berlioz admired, including Gluck and Beethoven, and from his own compositions. This edition includes a section on new instruments, such as the saxophone and concertina, and on the orchestra, and a discussion on the art of conducting. Today the treatise is an important source of information on musical practices of the time and provides us with valuable insight into Berlioz's imaginative and original thinking as a musician.
The Women of England
Authors: Ellis Sarah Stickney
Published: August 2011

Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872) was a prolific writer on female education and women's role in the world. She established a school at Rawdon House, Hertfordshire, to give girls an intellectual and moral training, as well as purely domestic skills, since as future mothers they would be the primary teachers and moulders of the next generation of society. The Women of England, published in 1839, was one of her most successful works, and was an important contribution to the debate on the position of women in society, particularly for the middle classes. Although she argues that women were equal to men, and morally superior, she does not question their legal and social subordination, but intends them to use their influence in their own sphere, and subtly, for the good of the family and society in general. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=ellisa
Vorlesungen über Syntax: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Griechisch, Lateinisch und Deutsch
Authors: Wackernagel Jacob
Published: August 2011

In 1920–1924 Jacob Wackernagel (1853–1938), Professor of Comparative Philology at the University of Basel, published two volumes of lectures on Greek, Latin and German syntax based on his 1918–1919 courses for beginning undergraduates (who would already have studied all three languages at school). Wackernagel introduces the principles of grammatical functions and cross-linguistic work, and provides a foundation for the understanding of comparative syntax. The book remained in print for many decades thanks to its lively style and well-chosen examples from classical texts. The Sanskritist Louis Renou (1896–1966), writing on Wackernagel in 1938, asserted that 'no linguist could possibly afford to ignore this book', and it remains of interest to historical linguists and scholars of classical languages today. In this, the second volume, Wackernagel discusses gender, nouns and adjectives, pronouns, the article, prepositions and negation.
The Second Part of the Chronicle of Peru
Authors: Cieza de León Pedro de
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Pedro de Cierza de León (c.1520–1554) was a Spanish solider who participated in many expeditions throughout South America. Between 1548 and 1553 he travelled across Peru, interviewing local officials and Inca prisoners and collecting information about the landscape and indigenous people. Volumes 33 (Travels of Pedro de Cierza de León) and 68 of the Hakluyt series were the first English translation of his work; this, the second volume, appeared in 1883 and contains a detailed description of Inca society and the Spanish conquest of Peru.
The History and Description of Africa
Authors: Africanus Leo
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Leo Africanus (c. 1494–c. 1554) was an Arab diplomat captured by Spanish corsairs in 1518 and taken to Rome. He was later released by Pope Leo X and enjoyed papal patronage until he left Rome in 1527. This work describes the region of north Africa known as the Maghreb, and was considered the most authoritative account of the cultures, religions and politics of this region until the start of European exploration in the nineteenth century. Volume 3 describes Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Sudanic Africa.
The Cambridge Shakespeare
Authors: Shakespeare William
Published: August 2011

The Cambridge Shakespeare was published in nine volumes between 1863 and 1866. Its careful editorial principles, attractive page design and elegant typography have withstood the test of time. This text was based on a thorough collation of the four Folios and of all the Quarto editions of the separate plays, the base text being the 1623 Folio. The critical apparatus appears at the foot of the page, but for passages where the Quarto differs significantly the entire Quarto text appears in small type after the received text. Notes at the end of each play explain variants, emendations, and passages of unusual difficulty or interest. Grammar and metre were generally left unchanged by the editors, but punctuation was normalised and nineteenth-century orthography was adopted instead of the variable Elizabethan spelling. In a bold move for a Victorian edition, the editors restored various 'profane' expressions where metre or sense demanded it.
Vollständige Anleitung zur Niedern und Höhern Algebra
Authors: Euler Leonhard
Published: August 2011

In 1770, one of the founders of pure mathematics, Leonard Euler (1707–1783), published an algebra textbook for students. It was soon translated into French, with notes and additions by Joseph-Louis Lagrange, another giant of eighteenth-century mathematics, and the French edition was used as the basis of the English edition of 1822 (which also appears in this series), and of this 1790s German edition by Johann Philipp Grüson, Professor of Mathematics to the royal cadets. Volume 2 consists of two parts: 16 chapters on algebraic equations, followed by 15 chapters on analyses of indeterminate quantities. Here, Euler shows the reader several ways to solve polynomial equations up to the fourth degree. This landmark book showed students the beauty of mathematics, and more significantly, how to do it. It provides tangible evidence of the lively international mathematical community that flourished despite the political uncertainties of the late eighteenth century.
Indogermanische Grammatik
Authors: Hirt Hermann Alfred
Published: August 2011

Hermann Alfred Hirt (1865–1936) taught Greek, Latin and early Germanic languages at Leipzig University from 1892 to 1912 before moving to the chair of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics at Giessen. Born around the time when Bopp and Schleicher were publishing their ground-breaking work on Indo-European, and a young man when Brugmann published his monumental comparative grammar (all available in this series), Hirt began this seven-volume grammar in the 1920s soon after the exciting discovery of Tocharian and the decipherment of Hittite. The project arose out of his extensive research on the historical phonology of Indo-European vowels, which led him to consider much wider issues. Volume 1 (1927) introduces the Indo-European language family, its origins and subgroups, discusses etymology, roots and semantic shift, and analyses the Indo-European consonant system.
Indogermanische Grammatik
Authors: Hirt Hermann Alfred
Published: August 2011

Hermann Alfred Hirt (1865–1936) taught Greek, Latin and early Germanic languages at Leipzig University from 1892 to 1912 before moving to the chair of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics at Giessen. Born around the time when Bopp and Schleicher were publishing their ground-breaking work on Indo-European, and a young man when Brugmann published his monumental comparative grammar (all available in this series), Hirt began this seven-volume grammar in the 1920s soon after the exciting discovery of Tocharian and the decipherment of Hittite. The project arose out of his extensive research on the historical phonology of Indo-European vowels, which led him to consider much wider issues. Volume 5 (1929) focuses on stress and intonation, and revisits the subject of Hirt's first book (1895) with radical revisions and in a broader context. Part 1 discusses individual language families within Indo-European, and Part 2 their ancestor language.
Indogermanische Grammatik
Authors: Hirt Hermann Alfred
Published: August 2011

Hermann Alfred Hirt (1865–1936) taught Greek, Latin and early Germanic languages at Leipzig University from 1892 to 1912 before moving to the chair of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics at Giessen. Born around the time when Bopp and Schleicher were publishing their ground-breaking work on Indo-European, and a young man when Brugmann published his monumental comparative grammar (all available in this series), Hirt began this seven-volume grammar in the 1920s soon after the exciting discovery of Tocharian and the decipherment of Hittite. The project arose out of his extensive research on the historical phonology of Indo-European vowels, which led him to consider much wider issues. Volume 6 (1934) is the first of two devoted to syntax, and focuses on the origins and syntactic functions of case, tense and mood.
A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament
Authors: Scrivener Frederick Henry Ambrose
Published: August 2011

Frederick Henry Scrivener's 1861 introduction to the textual history of the New Testament marks a key moment in the history of biblical studies. The author, a renowned biblical scholar and textual critic of his time, focuses on the central areas of his research field. These include the Greek New Testament manuscripts and their general character, early printed and later critical editions, ancient versions of the New Testament in various languages and the linguistic features of New Testament Greek. In addition, he discusses editorial principles and practice and the differing approaches that had recently been adopted, and gives examples of their application to actual New Testament passages. Originally intended for readers with no previous knowledge of this subject, and carefully organised so as to be accessible to them, the book is still of interest to upper-level students and to historians of the discipline.
Contributions to Latin Lexicography
Authors: Nettleship Henry
Published: August 2011

Henry Nettleship (1839–1893), Professor of Latin at Oxford, published his work on Latin lexicography in 1889. The volume had originally been planned as a complete Latin lexicon; however, after almost twelve years (during which Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary was published in 1879) of labour on the letter A, the size of the endeavour became apparent and the shape of the work was revised, becoming a detailed lexicon of the letter A, which amounted to two-thirds of the work, with shorter lexicographical notes on the other letters up to U. For the words he covered, many of Nettleship's entries are more detailed and specialised than Lewis and Short's, and there is a far greater emphasis placed on early Roman literature and Latin glossaries in the notes on etymology and usage. The critical thoroughness of the work has ensured its continued use by Latin scholars and lexicographers.
The Voyage of François Leguat of Bresse to Rodriguez, Mauritius, Java, and the Cape of Good Hope
Authors: Leguat François
Published: August 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. François Leguat (1637–1735) was a French Huguenot who became the leader of a group of seven Huguenot refugees forced to colonise the island of Rodriguez in 1693, after the French claimed their intended destination, the Ile de Réunion. He remained on the island for two years, before escaping via the neighbouring island of Mauritius. Volume 2 describes his imprisonment on Mauritius and in Jakarta before his return to Europe via the Cape of Good Hope in 1698.
Memoir of the Life and Labors of the Rev. Jeremiah Horrox
Authors: Whatton Arundell Blount , Horrox Jeremiah
Published: August 2011

Jeremiah Horrox (1618–1641) was one of the most interesting astronomers Britain has ever produced, and his tragically early death deprived the field of one of its most brilliant talents. In his short life he achieved much, having mastered the current state of astronomy at Cambridge University and going on to make important new calculations about the diameter and position of known planets, moons and stars. In the 1660s and 70s several prominent scientists, including Huygens, Newton and Flamsteed, took an interest in Horrox's discoveries and published his surviving treatises. This memoir of 1859 was part of a Victorian revival of interest in Horrox. It includes translation of his major work, Venus in Sole Visa, a draft of a treatise on the transit of Venus, in which he describes the conjunction of Venus with the sun, which he correctly calculated and observed in 1639.
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Abate Metastasio
Authors: Burney Charles , Metastasio Pietro
Published: August 2011

This three-volume biography, first published in 1796, recounts the colourful life of the popular Italian poet and librettist Pietro Trapassi (1698–1782), better known by his pseudonym Metastasio. Charles Burney (1726–1814), a British composer and the author of a celebrated four-volume History of Music published between 1776 and 1789, interweaves his own accounts of the poet's life with Metastasio's original letters translated into English. Metastasio's posthumously published correspondence with his friends and patrons provides the essential thread to understanding his complex life and affairs. The son of a shopkeeper, Metastasio was adopted as a young boy by the director of the Arcadian Academy, Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, who was charmed by the child's extraordinary talent for improvising poetry. Volume 1 covers Metastasio's life from his early childhood until 1751, including his musical debut in Rome after his tutor's death, and the beginning of his career in Vienna.
The Golden Chersonese and the Way Thither
Authors: Bird Isabella
Published: August 2011

This is an evocative account, first published in 1883, of the final expedition to the East by Isabella Bird (1831–1904), who was one of the most famous Victorian female explorers, and the first woman to be admitted to the Royal Geographical Society. The Golden Chersonese is the ancient name for the Malay Peninsula, as named by the Greek geographer and astronomer Ptolemy. The book is a collection of twenty-three letters written by Bird to her ailing sister, Henny, in Scotland. Henny died as the book was published and Bird dedicates the book of letters to her memory. As well as giving detailed descriptions of her travels and adventures in and around Malaysia, the book also includes fascinating accounts of many aspects of the region, including the people, culture, landscapes and wildlife. It also contains a number of delightful illustrations and a thorough appendix.
Life of James Ferguson, F. R. S.
Authors: Ferguson James
Published: August 2011

James Ferguson (1710–1776) was a Scottish self-taught astronomer, instrument maker and artist. Of humble background, he became a highly successful lecturer on experimental philosophy and science. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1763, received a royal pension, and is particularly remembered as an inventor and improver of astronomical and other scientific apparatus. These include a new type of orrery, clocks, and his astronomical rotula. His lectures and books were noted for their clear explanations for a general audience, and Astronomy Explained upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles and Made Easy for Those Who Have Not Studied Mathematics (1756) was a bestseller. This autobiographical memoir, expanded by Ebenezer Henderson in 1867, also contains a full description of Ferguson's principal inventions, with many illustrations.
Trinity College Library. The First 150 Years
Authors: Gaskell Philip
Published: August 2011

Philip Gaskell (1926–2001) acknowledges in his Preface that 'one period in the history of one college library may not seem much of a subject for a book', but, as his 1980 study shows, Trinity College Library has a history well worth investigating. Gaskell, a former Librarian and Fellow of Trinity College, details how this library grew from small beginnings in the mid-sixteenth century into arguably the greatest of all Oxford and Cambridge college libraries. He links the growth of the library to the intellectual life of the college at that time, outlining the achievements of a number of eminent Trinity men in advancing England's spiritual, intellectual and scientific development: Cartwright, Whitgift, Coke, Bacon, Essex, George Herbert, Ray, Barrow and Newton. This is a fascinating insight into the early history and accumulation of a college library now outstandingly rich both in contents and in setting.
Conversations on Chemistry
Authors: Marcet Jane Haldimand
Published: August 2011

Jane Haldimand Marcet (1769–1858) was a pioneer in the field of education who wrote accessible introductory books on science and economics. Noting that women's education 'is seldom calculated to prepare their minds for abstract ideas', she resolved to write books that would inform, entertain and improve a generation of female readers. First published anonymously in 1805, her two-volume work Conversations on Chemistry swiftly became a standard primer going through sixteen editions in England alone, and is credited with having influenced the young Michael Faraday. Presented as a series of discussions between a fictional tutor, Mrs. Bryan, and her two female students, the flighty Caroline and earnest Emily, Conversations combines entertaining banter with a clear and concise explanation of scientific theories of the day. In Volume 1 the girls are introduced to 'Simple Bodies' through such colourful examples as hot air balloons and the spa waters of Harrogate.
New Zealand
Authors: Selwyn George Augustus
Published: August 2011

George Augustus Selwyn (1809–1878) was the first Anglican Bishop of New Zealand, with Selwyn College, Cambridge later named in his honour. New Zealand was declared an independent British colony in 1841 and the Diocese of New Zealand was established in the same year. After graduating from St. John's College, Cambridge in 1831, Selwyn had been ordained priest in 1834 and consecrated as the first Bishop of New Zealand in 1841. This volume, first published in 1844, contains a series of journals and letters written by Selwyn during his first two years in New Zealand. He provides an intimate and detailed description of the organisation and society of the new colony and the growth of new settlements including Auckland and Wellington. He also describes the landscape and lives of the Maori in remote areas mostly untouched by colonisation, providing a fascinating account of the early history of colonial New Zealand.
Walking in Roman Culture
Authors: O'Sullivan Timothy M.
Published: August 2011

Walking served as an occasion for the display of power and status in ancient Rome, where great men paraded with their entourages through city streets and elite villa owners strolled with friends in private colonnades and gardens. In this book-length treatment of the culture of walking in ancient Rome, Timothy O'Sullivan explores the careful attention which Romans paid to the way they moved through their society. He employs a wide range of literary, artistic and architectural evidence to reveal the crucial role that walking played in the performance of social status, the discourse of the body and the representation of space. By examining how Roman authors depict walking, this book sheds new light on the Romans themselves - not only how they perceived themselves and their experience of the world, but also how they drew distinctions between work and play, mind and body, and Republic and Empire.
An Essay on Intuitive Morals
Authors: Cobbe Frances Power
Published: August 2011

Frances Power Cobbe (1822–1904) was an Irish writer, social reformer and activist best known for her contributions to Victorian feminism and women's suffrage. After the death of her father in 1857, Cobbe travelled extensively across Europe before becoming a leader-writer addressing public issues for the London newspaper The Echo in 1868. She continued to publish on the topics of feminism, social problems and theology for the rest of her life. These volumes, first published anonymously in 1855, introduced Cobbe's theistic religious beliefs, which blend a belief in Divinity with Immanuel Kant's idea of freedom of will, in which a person's moral imperative is independent of outside authority and provides proof of the existence of God. Cobbe discusses Kant's moral philosophy, explaining the religious beliefs which formed the basis for her later discussions of Christianity. Volume 1 contains her ideas on the origin of morality.
The Life of Marie de Medicis, Queen of France
Authors: Pardoe Julia
Published: August 2011

This three-volume work by Julia Pardoe, the author of other books on French royalty, was originally published in 1852. In astonishing detail the books describe the colourful and controversial life of Marie de Medicis, who in 1600 married Henry IV of France after his marriage to Marguerite de Valois had been annulled to make way for this dynastic alliance. The consort's life both before and after her marriage was one of flamboyant living, political intrigue and gossip. The work is a complex biography, full of information on every detail of a remarkable life at the centre of European politics. Each volume is illustrated and annotated with references to original documents. Volume 2 covers the period in which the assassination of the king in 1610 led to Marie's regency on behalf of her son, Louis XIII. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=pardju
A Woman's Thoughts about Women
Authors: Craik Dinah Mulock
Published: August 2011

Dinah Craik (1826–1887) was a prolific writer of fiction, poetry and essays. She was best known for her novels, which appropriated well-worked narratives of individuals triumphing over adversity through hard work and moral integrity against a backdrop of industrialisation and the ascent of the middle classes. The most successful, John Halifax, Gentleman, tells the tale of a boy who works his way out of poverty. Craik herself was familiar with hardship: her father Thomas Mulock, a nonconformist minister, had spent periods confined to a lunatic asylum, and abandoned his children after his wife's death in 1854. In this work (originally published serially in Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts), Craik provided support and advice for single women like herself. She was highly critical of learned helplessness and advocated independence and cross-class sympathy, believing women should 'lead active, intelligent, industrious lives: lives complete in themselves'.
The Evolution of Principia Mathematica
Authors: Linsky Bernard
Published: August 2011

Originally published in 1910, Principia Mathematica led to the development of mathematical logic and computers and thus to information sciences. It became a model for modern analytic philosophy and remains an important work. In the late 1960s the Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University in Canada obtained Russell's papers, letters and library. These archives contained the manuscripts for the new Introduction and three Appendices that Russell added to the second edition in 1925. Also included was another manuscript, 'The Hierarchy of Propositions and Functions', which was divided up and re-used to create the final changes for the second edition. These documents provide fascinating insight, including Russell's attempts to work out the theorems in the flawed Appendix B, 'On Induction'. An extensive introduction describes the stages of the manuscript material on the way to print and analyzes the proposed changes in the context of the development of symbolic logic after 1910.