bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dynamic topology optimization design method based on multiple domain variable parameters
Authors: Li Shipei , Niu Ruixia , Wang Qi , Wang Tingjun
Published: January 2024

Topology optimization has been extensively studied for obtaining desired functional performances of a structure within a predefined design domain. However, existing topology optimization approaches mainly focus on the static structure. Additionally, a structure is generally consisted of multiple materials and its loading state is quite complicated in practical applications, which are seldom considered simultaneously during design optimization. In this paper, a dynamic topology optimization design method based on multiple domain variable parameters is proposed to solve these issues. First, a structure is divided into multiple domains, and an optimal topology model of discrete structure is proposed. Then, the constraints are relaxed and a per-element variable is introduced to process the design variables continuously. To eliminate the undesirable checkerboard patterns, a filtering method is proposed and an approach of projection is presented for determining the volume of the projected structure according to the practical design requirements. After that, a dynamic continuous optimization model is put forward for solving the optimal solution of the complex structure under various working conditions. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by constructing a topology optimized link of the press.
Evaluation of axis straightness error in the machining of hole and shaft parts based on improved exponential distribution optimizer
Authors: Shi Le , Luo Jun
Published: January 2024

The straightness error of hole and shaft parts is one of the important parameters to reflect machining quality. The modeling process of traditional mathematical methods is complex, and the solution precision is not high. The intelligent optimization algorithm has significant advantages in solving this kind of problem. It can depend on random operators jumping out of local optima and does not need to calculate a large gradient information. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved exponential distribution optimization (IEDO) algorithm to achieve the minimum zone evaluation of straightness error. Firstly, the mathematical model of minimum zone method for axis straightness evaluation is established as the objective function. Secondly, the principle of the basic exponential distribution optimization (EDO) algorithm is described, and the exponential distribution optimizer is improved in three aspects: in the initialization, the interval shortening strategy is introduced to solve the problem of uneven initial population distribution; the adaptive switch probability is proposed to replace the constant value (0.5) to balance the ability of global exploration and local exploitation; a guidance strategy based on weight is proposed to guide the search process to reach the global optimal quickly. Then, nine typical benchmark functions are utilized to test the performance of the improved algorithm, which reveals satisfactory results. Finally, IEDO successfully applies to evaluation of axis straightness error with good accuracy.
Rovers with Rocker-Bogie Mechanisms: A review of progress and innovations in design, manufacturing, and control
Authors: Rajath S , Shivakumar ND , Pradhan Kushal Shekhar
Published: January 2024

Rovers equipped with Rocker-Bogie mechanisms have emerged as pivotal assets in the domains of interplanetary and terrain exploration. To carry out scientific investigations, Rovers have undergone significant advancements. This review comprehensively examines the progress and innovations associated with the design, manufacturing, and control of these robotic systems. The Rocker-Bogie Mechanism and its kinematic variations available are identified and discussed. Given the importance of kinematic studies, viewpoints on wheel-terrain interaction and framework models for analyses are presented. A key limitation in the analyzed papers was the restriction of choice of design process to the conventional method for which, an approach to design through a Generative Design algorithm has been indicated. The studies indicated the material choice of Titanium and other alloys, the manufacturing choice of Additive Manufacturing which has been analyzed, for which suggestions for advancements and alternatives are highlighted. It was observed that a standard and general procedure to automate the operations of the rovers is still lacking. This review can provide a guide for new advancements in Rocker-Bogie-based rovers.
Research on impact resistance of new suspended elastic safety net system
Authors: Guan Siqi , Meng Xianyu , Gao Zongqi , Zou Shilong , Li Niantao
Published: January 2024

In order to reduce the direct injuries caused by falling from height, we propose a new type of suspended elastic safety net system suitable for pylon assembly construction. Analyze the correlation between damping and toughness of the protection system, establish the falling object motion control method, and construct the mechanism model of the protection system accordingly. Full-scale impact tests are carried out using test pylons on transmission line projects. Test data is collected using high-speed cameras and dynamic data acquisition equipment to analyze the key impact dynamic response characteristics of the test model. The experimental results show that the system has three working stages. In the first stage, the elastic safety net is transformed from an initial equilibrium state, where it is subjected only to its gravity, to a taut state. In the second stage, as the elongation of the system continues to increase in the direction of impact, the internal forces transmitted by the net to the elastic rod and the supporting rope gradually increase until the energy dissipating devices connected to the elastic rod are activated. In the third stage, additional elongation of the system is provided by activating the support springs in the bearing supports. Based on the failure modes observed in the tests, the key factors leading to the breakdown of the system are investigated. A new numerical simulation method is developed which is not only capable of predicting the load-bearing capacity of an elastic safety net system under the impact of a falling object, but also accurately simulates the main operating characteristics, such as buckling of the elastic rods, activation of the energy-absorbing devices, and deformation of the net ropes. The numerical simulation model was evaluated using the experimental results, and the numerical response of the system was in good agreement with the experimental data.
Thermodynamic analysis on the effect of altitude on the exhaust energy recovery of electric turbocompound engines
Authors: Leng Ling , Cheng Jianghua , Shi Lei , Deng Kangyao
Published: January 2024

The deterioration of fuel economy for turbocharged engines with altitude is an urgent problem. Turbocompounding is a promising technology to fully recover exhaust energy and reduce engine fuel consumption at off-design altitudes, but it is affected by the environmental boundary caused by altitude. In this study, the effect and mechanism of altitude on the exhaust energy recovery of turbocompound engines were revealed via thermodynamic analysis. The results show that the total system power output of the turbocompound engine is higher than that of the base engine at different altitudes, the maximum improvement percentage of which reaches up to 4.3%; and the total power output deteriorates less with increasing altitude. When the altitude increases to 4 km, the exhaust energy utilization coefficient of turbocompound engine decreases by only about 2%. Based on energy and exergy analysis, full recovery and utilization of exhaust energy contribute to improving the altitude adaptability of turbocharged engines. The maximum altitude while maintaining the engine power constant for the turbocompound engine is 4.66 km under an engine speed of 1800 r/min. Thus, the altitude range over which turbocompound diesel engines can operate efficiently is widened.
Analysis of microvascular pattern in diabetes mellitus condition using the nailfold capillaroscopy images
Authors: Elumalai Sowmiya , Krishnamoorthi Nirmala , Periyasamy Naveen , Farazullah Mohamed , Raj Kiran , Mahadevan Shriraam
Published: January 2024

Diabetes is often considered a vascular disease due to its impact on blood vessels, it is a complex condition with various metabolic and autoimmune factors involved. One of the long term comorbidities of diabetes includes microvascular complications. The microvascular complications can be analyzed using the Nailfold capillaroscopy, a non-invasive technique that allows for the visualization and analysis of capillaries in the proximal nailfold area. Using advanced video capillaroscopy with high magnification, capillary images can be captured from and processed to analyze their morphology. The capillary images of normal group and diabetic group are acquired from 118 participants using nailfold capillaroscopy and the obtained images are preprocessed using image processing filters. The identification and segmentation of the capillaries are the challenges to be addressed in the processing of the images. Hence segmentation of capillaries is done using morphological operations, thresholding and convolutional neural networks. The performance of the filters and segmentation methods are evaluated using Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Jaccard Index and Sorensen coefficient. By analyzing the morphological features namely the capillary diameter, density, distribution, presence of hemorrhage and the shape of the capillaries from both the groups, the capillary changes associated with diabetic condition were studied. It was found that the non diabetic participants considered in this study has capillary diameter in the range of 8–14 µm and the capillary density in the range of 10–30 capillaries per mm2 whereas the diabetic participants has capillary diameter greater than 30 µm and the capillary density is less than 10 capillaries per mm2. In addition to capillary density and diameter, the presence of hemorrhage, the orientation and distribution of the capillaries are also considered to differentiate the diabetic group from the non diabetic group. The classification of the participants are validated with the clinical history of the participants.
The legacy of millennial-scale land-use practices on landscape composition, diversity and slope erosion in the subalpine areas of Eastern Carpathians, Romania
Authors: Florescu Gabriela , Hutchinson Simon M. , Gałka Mariusz , Mîndrescu Marcel , Tanțău Ioan , Petraș Ancuța , Feurdean Angelica
Published: January 2024

We conducted multi-proxy analyses in two subalpine lakes, Lake Gropile, in the Rodna Mountains and Lake Vinderelu in the Maramureș Mountains, the Eastern Carpathians, Romania, to investigate the effect of different land-use practices on landscape composition, diversity and slope erosion. In the case of Lake Gropile, results evidenced a more extended tree and shrub cover and high fire activity between 6400 and 2800 cal yr BP, accompanied by reduced soil erosion, which appeared more strongly regulated by climatic conditions. Anthropogenic impact became evident 2800 years ago, when landscape openness, pasturing, and disturbance of soil cover increased and intensified over the last four centuries. In the case of Lake Vinderelu, intensified burning was followed by grazing around 1200–1100 cal yr BP and continued throughout the last millennium. Results also highlight the site-specific effects of land-use on vegetation composition and landscape diversity. For Lake Vinderelu, a combined effect of local burning and grazing in removing shrub cover appear to be the main drivers of changes in landscape diversity and structure. At Lake Gropile, fire was more connected to shrub cover changes while grazing to herbaceous cover diversity. Moderate to low grazing appeared to benefit both subalpine ecosystems, creating rich grassland-shrub mosaic communities, while overgrazing reduced landscape diversity and exacerbated erosion. Our findings document the millennial-scale legacy of land-use practices on the subalpine landscapes in this region. We propose that these semi-natural ecosystems hold important ecological and cultural value, and recommend their maintenance through controlled, low intensity pasturing and/or burning.
The impact of volcanism on Scandinavian climate and human societies during the Holocene: Insights into the Fimbulwinter eruptions (536/540 AD)
Authors: Arthur Frank , Hatlestad Kailin , Lindholm Karl-Johan , Loftsgarden Kjetil , Löwenborg Daniel , Solheim Steinar , Roche Didier M , Renssen Hans
Published: January 2024

Recent paleoclimatic research has revealed that volcanic events around 536–540 AD caused severe, short-term global cooling. For this same period, archeological research from various regions evidences significant cultural transformation. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how human societies responded and adapted to extreme climate variability and new circumstances. This study focuses on the effects of the 536/540 AD volcanic event in four Scandinavian regions by exploring the shift in demographic and land use intensity before, during, and after this abrupt climate cooling. To achieve this, we performed climate simulations with and without volcanic eruptions using a dynamically downscaled climate model (iLOVECLIM) at a high resolution (0.25° or ~25 km). We integrated the findings with a comprehensive collection of radiocarbon dates from excavated archeological sites across various Scandinavian regions. Our Earth System Model simulates pronounced cooling (maximum ensemble mean −1.1°C), an abrupt reduction in precipitation, and a particularly acute drop in growing degree days (GDD0) after the volcanic event, which can be used to infer likely impacts on agricultural productivity. When compared to the archeological record, we see considerable regional diversity in the societal response to this sudden environmental event. As a result, this study provides a more comprehensive insight into the demographic chronology of Scandinavia and a deeper understanding of the land-use practices its societies depended on during the 536/540 AD event. Our results suggest that this abrupt climate anomaly amplified a social change already in progress.
Toward a library corporate social responsibility model: An empirical study
Authors: Abu Eid Emad Mohammad , Hussin Ab Razak Che
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in libraries. This study seeks to fill the gap in the literature regarding empirical studies on the factors influencing the social responsibility of public and academic libraries in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A quantitative study was conducted to examine the intention to adopt CSR in UAE libraries using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Path Model Assessment. The process included an assessment of the measurement model and an assessment of the structural model. An online survey was conducted using a questionnaire, and data were gathered from 237 valid responses to validate the structural model of this study. The relationships among the variables and the most influential factors were determined using Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis. The results support significant relationships between activities and events, outreach, professional ethics, employees’ relationship, health and safety, partnerships, user issues, and reporting and library corporate social responsibility (LCSR). The study found that the most important factors in LCSR are employees’ relationships and professional ethics. The proposed model can help libraries to apply social responsibility that fits the nature of libraries. The theoretical framework and methodology used in this study could be useful for researchers in the fields of CSR and library and information science.
Hurdles experienced by LIS authors from Pakistan during the operability or implementation of selected research methodologies: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Ullah Ahsan
Published: January 2024

Use of appropriate research methodology among authors is essential to produce high quality research. Practical operability or smooth implementation of research methodology and methods must be maintained because lapses in the implementation may hamper research and quality. Hurdles experienced by authors in the operability of research design may negatively impact the conclusions. Researchers need to be aware about the issues arising during the process of research and they must adopt certain steps to avoid such issues. The current study explored the hurdles, negative impacts and relevant measure to streamline the operability of research process. The current empirical research used qualitative design. Interview method was used for exploring author’s views. Pakistani LIS authors were selected for interview from those who have published more than one article during the period 2001 and 2016. Majority of the respondents experienced hurdles in the operability of selected research methodology. Few respondents faced problems because they selected inappropriate research method for the research problem, questions or phenomenon. Selection of irrelevant population and faulty sampling also create disturbances in the smooth execution of research process. Use of faulty data collection tool resulted in the collection of irrelevant, meaningless, neutral, or over rated data. Lack of access to data and its inventory nature and complexity of data analysis procedure also affected smooth operability. Hurdles created negative impact on the quality of research and compromised the accuracy, reliability and validity of results. Multiple strategies were proposed by authors to avoid such hurdles. The current study is an effort to help authors gain an understanding for better implementation and subsequently to make more informed decisions for selection of research methodology and methods.
Reference accuracy of primary studies about reference accuracy: A descriptive study
Authors: Logan Samuel W. , Hussong-Christian Uta , Case Layne , Noregaard Samantha
Published: January 2024

Reference accuracy is defined as the completeness and correctness of citation components such as author names, article title, journal name, volume designation, and page numbers. A representation of reference accuracy is often expressed as an error rate which is the percentage of citations with at least one error within a reference list. The purpose of this study was to describe the reference accuracy of peer-reviewed, primary studies about reference accuracy. The articles selected were a total of 105 studies included in a previously published scoping review about reference accuracy. A total of 1,486 references were verified across included studies. The overall error rate was 21.2%. Author names and article titles were the most common error types. The reported 21.2% error rate is lower than the 32.7% error rate of general reference accuracy literature reported in the scoping review. It remains unclear why authors who conduct empirical studies about reference accuracy still struggle with the issue. It is possible that all scholars, including those who study reference accuracy, are simply not good at creating accurate citations. Or, perhaps there are systemic reasons for this phenomenon that are an interaction of many factors or beyond anyone’s control. Future research is warranted to further understand the underlying factors that contribute to reference inaccuracy and explore the potential solutions to address the issue.
Indigenous Housing Rights and Colonial Sovereignty: Self-Determination and Housing Rights beyond a White Possessive Frame
Authors: Anthony Thalia , Hohmann Jessie
Published: January 2024

Through the lens of Aileen Moreton-Robinson's ‘white possessive logics’, this article addresses a series of legal cases concerning inhumane Aboriginal housing in the Northern Territory of Australia. It critiques successive government policies in relation to First Nations people since the colonisation of the Northern Territory in the nineteenth century, setting the cases in their historical context of ongoing subordination of First Nations people to the interests of white possession of land and governance. We argue that domestic law pertaining to First Nations housing rights manifests white possessive logics. Such control can only be overcome through affording First Nations communities self-determination over housing in accordance with international law and First Nations claims. Self-determination and sovereignty are antidotes to the colonial histories that underlie inadequate housing for Indigenous peoples not only in Australia but across settler colonies. In developing this argument, we draw on international law and honour the advocacy of Northern Territory Aboriginal communities who have struggled for community-control over housing and homelands over successive generations.
Risk factors for failure after rotational muscle flap coverage for prosthetic knee infections
Authors: Kim Billy I , Wixted Colleen M , Schwartz Andrew M , Jiranek William A , Ryan Sean P , Seyler Thorsten M
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Soft tissue defects are a devastating complication of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Rotational flaps are commonly utilized to address these defects with variable reports of success. This study aimed to identify predictors of poor outcomes in rotational muscle flap placement after prosthetic knee infections. The authors hypothesized that outcomes may vary based on infecting pathogen and treatment characteristics.

Methods

44 cases of rotational muscle flaps for prosthetic knee infection were retrospectively evaluated at a tertiary referral hospital from 2007 to 2020. Muscle flap types included 39 medial and four lateral gastrocnemius, and one anterior tibialis. Minimum follow-up was 1 year (median: 3.4 years). Primary outcome was flap-related complications. Secondary outcomes included recurrent infection requiring additional surgery, final joint outcomes, and mortality.

Results

One-year complication-free flap survivorship was 83.9%, recurrent infection-free survivorship was 65.7%, and amputation-free survivorship was 79%. Multivariable cox regression revealed that rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis (HR: 3.4; p = .028) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-positive culture (HR: 4.0; p = .040) had increased risk, while Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus infections had reduced risk for recurrent or persistent infection (HR: 0.2; p = .023). Final joint outcome was retained TKA implant in 18 (40.9%), amputation in 15 (34.1%) patients, and definitive treatment with articulating spacer in 10 (22.7%). 5-years survivorship from death was 71.4%.

Conclusion

Rotational muscle flaps for soft tissue coverage of the knee are often performed in limb salvage situations with poor survivorship from flap complications, reinfections, and amputation. When considering surgical options for limb salvage, patients should be counseled on these risks.
Getting Inspired: A Qualitative Study on the Use of the Inspirisles Role-Playing Game to Teach Middle Schoolers American Sign Language
Authors: Cullinan Maryanne , Wood Laura L.
Published: January 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a role-playing game (RPG) as a pedagogical tool for teaching beginning American Sign Language (ASL) to middle school students in a classroom setting.

Methods

In this qualitative study, n = 40 students participated in a 50-minute class centered on the ASL role-playing game, Inspirisles, for 45 days. To collect data on the student experience of the Inspirisles class, a post-process focus group was conducted with an external moderator and students (n =18) who chose to participate. Student responses were coded using applied thematic analysis.

Results

Students reported learning 50 to 100 words in American Sign Language, including numbers and the fingerspelling alphabet. Beyond language acquisition, they reported three main themes: a change in learning dispositions, positive social-emotional growth, and identification of important factors for success in continuing classes.

Conclusion

Students in the Inspirisles -based ASL class showed progress in learning ASL, with additional considerations for prosocial group learning in the classroom setting. However, further research is needed to see if this pedagogy is a viable option for long-term learning of ASL in the classroom setting.
Are We Missing the Mark? Understanding Health Literacy in A Rural-Border Hospital
Authors: Williams Shiloh A. , Martin Mary , Hussey Leslie C. , Ojeda Maria , Carlson Beverly , Keckler Maria
Published: January 2024

Low health literacy (LHL) significantly impacts patients’ ability to participate actively in their healthcare. Registered nurses (RNs) play a crucial role in identifying LHL and addressing patient knowledge gaps and skill deficits. This correlational study examined the relationship between RNs’ predictions of patients’ health literacy levels (HLL) and the actual HLL of a predominately Hispanic patient population. In addition, personal factors (i.e., demographics) were analyzed to determine their influence on the nurse’s predictions and patients’ HLL. Data were collected from 84 participant patient–nurse couplets admitted to a medical-surgical unit in a rural setting located on the United States–Mexico border. In addition to demographic information collected via survey, RNs were asked to predict their patient’s health literacy abilities while the Newest Vital Sign, a health literacy assessment tool, was deployed to determine the actual HLL of patients participating in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests while a Spearman correlational model was used to examine the relationship between predicted HLL and actual HLL. Finally, a logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between personal factors and HL data for RNs and patients. Analysis of the data revealed that RNs consistently overestimated patients’ abilities, as evidenced by the disparity between patients’ actual HLL (mean 1.71) and predicted HLL (mean 4.26) by RNs, with a moderately strong positive relationship ( rs = .418). Notably, higher academic preparation and years of experience did not enhance the RNs’ ability to identify LHL while the highest level of education completed was the only statistically significant predictor of adequate health literacy in the patient population sampled. These findings emphasize the need to prioritize effective health literacy education in RN academic preparation and clinical practice to support the detection of LHL when a standardized health literacy assessment tool is not utilized in the clinical setting. By recognizing the presence of LHL, healthcare professionals can better support patients’ needs and bridge the knowledge gap, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Epidemiology of Vancomycin in Combination With Piperacillin/Tazobactam-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Miao , Huang Liang , Zhu Yu , Zeng Linan , Jia Zhi-Jun , Cheng Guo , Li Hailong , Zhang Lingli
Published: January 2024

Background:

Several studies have shown that vancomycin combined with piperacillin/tazobactam (VPT) increased the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with other antibiotics in children. However, the epidemiology of VPT-associated AKI in children is unknown.

Objective:

To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of VPT-associated AKI in children.

Data sources:

Literature databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, WanFang Database, and China Biology Medicine Disc were searched from inception to November 2023. References of included studies were also manually checked.

Study selection and data extraction:

Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and quality assessment. Meta-analyses were performed to quantify the incidence and risk factors of VPT-associated AKI in children.

Data synthesis:

Sixteen cohort studies were identified. Overall, the incidence of VPT-associated AKI in children was 24.3% (95% CI: 17.9%-30.6%). The incidence of VPT-associated AKI in critically ill children (26.6%) was higher than that in noncritically ill children (10.9%). Moreover, higher serum vancomycin trough concentration (>15 mg/L), use of vasopressors, combination of nephrotoxins and intensive care unit admission were risk factors for VPT-associated AKI in children ( P < 0.05).

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice:

Identifying high-risk groups and determining safer treatments is critical to reducing the incidence of VPT-associated AKI in children.

Conclusions:

The incidence of VPT-associated AKI in children is high, especially in critically ill children. Medication regimens should be personalized based on the presence of individual risk factors. Moreover, renal function was regularly assessed throughout treatment with VPT.
The Duration-Adjusted Reliable Change Index: Defining Clinically Relevant Symptom Changes of Varying Durations
Authors: Helmich Marieke A.
Published: January 2024

The time period over which relevant symptoms shifts unfold is not uniform across individuals. This article proposes an adaptation of the Reliable Change Index (RCI) to detect symptom changes of varying durations in individual patients’ time series: the Duration-Adjusted RCI (DARCI). The DARCI proportionally raises the RCI cut-off to account for its extension over additional time increments, resulting in different DARCI thresholds for different change durations. The method is illustrated with a simulation study of depressive symptom time series with varying degrees of discontinuity and overall mean change, and four empirical case examples from two clinical samples. The results suggest that the DARCI may be particularly useful for identifying symptom shifts that appear relatively abrupt, which can help indicate when a patient is showing significant improvement or deterioration. Its ease of use makes it suitable for application in clinical contexts and a promising method for exploring transitions in psychiatric populations.
Are Dollar Stores Magnets for Violent Crime? Evidence from Chicago
Authors: Shin Eun Jin
Published: January 2024

With the rise of economic inequality in recent decades, dollar stores have flourished in the United States. Although the media has increasingly portrayed dollar stores as violent crime magnets, limited academic research has examined their impact on nearby crime. This study employed a difference-in-differences approach to investigate the impact of dollar stores on localized violent crime patterns in Chicago. Results showed a significant increase in violent crimes, especially robberies, in nearby areas relative to the control areas, following the opening of dollar stores. There were no signs of spatial crime displacement. Moreover, after the closing of dollar stores, the levels of violent crime in nearby areas relative to the control areas returned to those of the prestore opening period, regardless of the type of crime. This study also explored how the impact of dollar store openings on nearby crime rates evolves over time and varies according to the surrounding context of the store's location.
Partisanship and Professionalization: School Board Decision-Making in the Midst of a Pandemic
Authors: Kitchens Karin , Goldberg Megan
Published: January 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, school board members played a prominent role in deciding reopening plans. Using an original large-scale survey of board members, our goal is to understand how the polarized, political context of pandemic responses shaped the decision-making processes of members as they experienced dramatic increases in workload. We find school board members are much more likely to identify at the extremes of partisan identity, as strong Democrats or strong Republicans. How they identified mattered in who they trusted to tell them information, how much control they felt the board should have in the process of reopening plans, and who should interpret data about COVID. If the other party was in power at the state level, members from opposing parties had less trust in state sources. Most school board elections are nonpartisan, but that does not mean that the members themselves do not strongly identify with a party.
Combined effect of electrolyzed water (EW) and sonication with equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging for prolonging storage stability of fresh strawberry
Authors: Caner Cengiz , Tiryaki Kübra , Pala Çiğdem Uysal , Yüceer Muhammed
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on the effectiveness of electrolyzed water ( 50 and 100 ppm for 3 min), ultrasonication (80 W for 3 min), and their combinations on fresh strawberries, which are then packaged using microperforated film to enhance their storage stability. The gas composition in the headspace, pH, soluble solids, color (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE* values), anthocyanins, total phenolics, and texture profile was evaluated for the 35 days of storage at +4 °C. The lowest weight loss was measured at about 100 ppm electrolyzed water (EW; 0.47%), and the highest one was in the control group (0.57%) after storage. At the end of the storage, O2 in the headspace decreased from 20.90% to 10.50–8.10% and CO2 was accumulated from 0.03% to 16.4–14.34%. The results showed that soluble solids decreased (9.95 to 8.48–7.85 °Bx) and pH values increased (3.34 to 3.79–3.91) during storage. At the end of the storage, the total phenolics in the control group decreased by the most during storage (from 1209.09 ppm to 808.00 ppm), whereas the 50 ppm EW group had the highest (931.66 ppm). Further, the significantly highest anthocyanin amount was found to be 143.86 ppm in the 100 ppm EW group at the end of 28 days of storage. The EW can significantly delay the degradation of anthocyanin over the storage period. The sonication at 100 ppm EW damages strawberry tissues, reducing their hardness. The lowest decay rate was found in fruits treated with 100 ppm EW (41.67%), followed by 50 ppm EW (58.33%), compared to the control (75.00%). This study reveals that applications of the 50 ppm EW and also 50 pm EW combined with ultrasonication have great potential in the extending storage stability of the fresh strawberries.
The Future of Psychotherapy Research and Neuroscience: Introducing the 4E/MoBI Approach to the Study of Patient–Therapist Interaction
Authors: Costa-Cordella Stefanella , Grasso-Cladera Aitana , Parada Francisco J.
Published: January 2024

The integration of neuroscience and psychotherapy research has long been a topic of interest in the field of mental health. A significant challenge in psychotherapy research is understanding the dyadic interaction between patient and therapist. This interaction is complex, emerging from a myriad of multi-level factors such as gestures, verbal communication, mentalization, and environmental influences. This article aims to present a roadmap for the future integration of neuroscience and psychotherapy research, addressing the complexities of human interaction. We introduce the 4E/MoBI approach, a framework that combines theoretical and methodological tools to study the dynamics of the brain, body, and environment in real-world settings. This approach emphasizes the use of physiological systems (e.g., heart and brain), behavioral interactions (e.g., conversations and eye-tracking), and environmental video recordings. Additionally, the scalable experimental design (SED) heuristic is discussed as a method to blend controlled experiments with real-world scenarios, allowing for the parametric testing of neurobehavioral markers. As a practical demonstration of the SED heuristic within the 4E/MoBI framework, a concrete experimental example using the N170 event-related potential (ERP) component is presented. While the N170 ERP component is not posited as the foundational marker in the field, it serves to illustrate the application of hypothesis-driven designs and analyses. The 4E/MoBI approach offers a promising avenue for the integration of neuroscience and psychotherapy research. By addressing existing gaps, such as the physiology and phenomenology of expertise in psychotherapy, this framework can foster a virtuous relationship between the two disciplines, paving the way for more comprehensive and nuanced understandings of therapeutic interactions.
Perspectives and Experiences of Dance-Related Injuries: A Qualitative Survey of Adolescent Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers in Australia
Authors: Cheers Natalie , Matheson Mark , Skinner Ian , Wells Cherie
Published: January 2024

Objective: To explore perspectives and experiences of adolescent ballet dancers in Australia in relation to dance-related injuries and their impact, injury risk factors, prevention, and treatment. Design: Adolescent ballet dancers aged from 12 to 19 years in Australia were invited to participate in an online qualitative survey. Methods: Responses to open-ended questions were analyzed thematically using grounded theory while quantitative information was summarized with descriptive statistics and triangulated with qualitative data. Results: Nineteen adolescent dancers reported experiencing pain and multiple injuries but hiding or ignoring injuries due to fear. Dancers recognized the significant physical and psycho-social impact of dance-related injuries on themselves and others. Several risks and injury prevention strategies were identified by dancers. Dancers perceived that treatments were not always informed or effective. Conclusion: Findings suggest that adolescent ballet dancers experience multiple dance-related injuries but require support to disclose injuries, participate in injury prevention, and access treatment. Health professionals may improve quality of care by increasing their understanding of ballet and providing specific management advice. Dance teachers may benefit from further education to support their students. Clinical trials are required to confirm or negate the validity of proposed injury risks and the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies and treatments.
Safety Assessment of Zinc Salts as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Scott Laura N. , Fiume Monice , Zhu Jinqiu , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: January 2024

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 27 inorganic and organometallic zinc salts as used in cosmetic formulations; these salts are specifically of the 2+ (II) oxidation state cation of zinc. These ingredients included in this report have various reported functions in cosmetics, including hair conditioning agents, skin conditioning agents, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, preservatives, oral care agents, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, and viscosity increasing agents. The Panel reviewed the relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that these 27 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.
Dry sliding wear behavior of hard-chrome and zinc-phosphate conversion coatings on steel substrates
Authors: Kumar Arun , Rachwani Harsh , Kumar Singh Manjesh
Published: January 2024

We have studied tribological properties of conversion coatings, hard chrome on AISI 430 stainless steel, and zinc phosphate on AISI 1044 carbon steel. These substrates were chosen due to their extensive industrial applications. The goal of the present study is to improve the wear resistance of these substrates through the coatings. We performed nano-indentation and ball-on-disc tribometer experiments to study mechanical and tribological behavior of substrates and coatings. We find that when zinc-phosphate coating is applied to AISI 1044 steel, a new phase Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O (phosphophyllite) is formed on the surface that increases the surface hardness. We further find that coefficient of friction decreases approximately by 8% due to hard-chrome coating on AISI 430 steel and by 48% due to zinc-phosphate coating on AISI 1044 steel under load and speed conditions applied in the present study. We attribute our findings to formation of: (1) an adhering layer of chromium in the case of chrome–steel contact, leading to chrome–chrome contact at the interface of test-specimen and counter-surface, and (2) a glossy layer at interface in the case of phosphate-steel contact, owing to the compaction and crushing of phosphate wear debris. Our wear studies show maximum reductions in specific wear rate to be around 80% and 89% for chrome and zinc-phosphate coatings, respectively. We note that adhesion and abrasion are the primary modes of wear for chrome and zinc-phosphate conversion coatings, respectively at the initial stage. However, adhesive wear switches to delamination wear at a later stage for hard-chrome coating.
Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the United States
Authors: Briggs Farren BS , Shaia Jacqueline
Published: January 2024

Background:

Neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare demyelinating, autoimmune disease and the burden in United States is not well characterized.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the 2022 US prevalence of NMOSD.

Methods:

We constructed a cross-sectional study using aggregated electronic health record data for 25.7 million patients who had a 2022 clinical encounter. The data originated from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network of 55 healthcare organizations that span all 50 states. NMOSD prevalence was determined by querying for age-interval, sex, and race combinations, with direct standardization to the 2022 US Census data.

Results:

There were 1772 NMOSD patients among 25,743,039 patients for a prevalence of 6.88/100,000. Prevalence was the highest in Blacks (12.99/100,000) who represented 27.7% of NMOSD patients, then Asians (9.41/100,000and Whites (5.58/100,000). Among females, the prevalence of NMOSD was 9.48/100,000, and Black and Asian females had a 2.65- and 1.94-times higher prevalence than White females. In males, the prevalence of NMOSD was 3.52/100,000 and it did not differ by race. We observed a 3/5:1 female-to-male ratio in NMOSD. The age- and sex-adjusted 2022 estimate of persons with NMOSD in the United States was 15,413 females and 6233 males.

Conclusion:

We estimate that there were near 22,000 Americans living with NMOSD in 2022.
Longitudinal linkages between strength use and depressive symptoms in Chinese nurses: A two wave, cross-lagged study
Authors: Bai Chengzhi , Bai Baoyu , Hao Yuanyuan , Kong Feng
Published: January 2024

Nurses are at increased risk for developing depressive symptoms. While previous research has suggested that strength use may be inversely related to these symptoms, the longitudinal impact of strength use on nurses’ depressive symptoms remains under-explored. This study sought to examine the longitudinal relationship between strength use and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses. Using a two-wave cross-lagged design from 2020 to 2023, 321 nurses participated in an online questionnaire survey. Using structural equation modeling, our results supported the hypothesized reciprocal model, indicating that strength use can significantly predict a reduction in depressive symptoms and vice versa. Given these findings, there’s an urgent need for nurse leaders to emphasize the importance of using nurses’ strengths as a strategy to alleviate depressive symptoms.
Self-efficacy as a mediator between frailty and falls among community-dwelling older citizens
Authors: Valsecchi Nadia , Alhambra-Borrás Tamara , Doñate-Martínez Ascensión , Korenhof Sophie Anne , Raat Hein , Garcés-Ferrer Jorge
Published: January 2024

Frailty is one of the most challenging issues among older adults, and the relationship between frailty and falls has already been assessed numerous times in literature. In the present study, we explored the mediating role of self-efficacy related to falls (FSe) in the relationship between frailty and fall risk. In a cross-sectional design, 1080 community-dwelling older adults from Rotterdam (Netherlands) and Valencia (Spain) completed a questionnaire and data were then analyzed via mediation analysis using a bootstrapping approach. Results show that higher frailty is associated with higher fall incidence, and higher FSe is a partial mediator of this association, with a confidence interval for the indirect effect of 0.131–0.247. Moreover, results showed gender differences in FSe levels; women had lower FSe scores. Deepening research on the construct of FSe may give potential explanations that account for the emerged gender differences, and it could be more targeted in fall prevention programs.
‘I’ve learned a lot about myself this year’: Young student women’s perceptions of their cumulative use of digital fitness technologies across the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Bell Beth T , Norminton Sarah , Dollimore Kora
Published: January 2024

Many young women turned to digital fitness technologies (DFT) to support their health and wellbeing during the covid-19 pandemic. The present study explores young student women’s retrospective perceptions of their cumulative engagement with DFT, across periods of restriction and easing (March 2020–2021). Seventeen UK-based women (Age M = 20.29, SD = 1.72); Ethnicity White = 94.12% participated in one-on-one interviews using an adapted scroll-back technique. Data was analysed using narrative-informed reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were developed: My lockdown #fitnesstransformation: DFT as information and inspiration, My unrealistic expectations: DFT as a source of comparison and concern and My new body positive and resilient self: DFT as a catalyst to self-development. Themes highlight how perceptions of DFT changed over time as a consequence of repeat engagement, sociocultural context and psychological meaning-making. Crucially, findings underscore the importance of examining the collective and cumulative effects of DFT engagement on health and wellbeing, both positive and negative.