bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae composting for circular waste management in southern Benin
Authors: Ogbon E.A. , Dzepe D. , Lalander C. , Wiklicky V. , Sinda P.V.K. , Adéoti R. , Mignouna D. , Gbaguidi B. , Behanzin J.G. , Riggi L. , Djouaka R.
Published: January 2025

Insect farming is becoming an important business in West Africa, and the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is one of the most widely farmed species. In this study, we investigated the potential risk factors, including heavy metals and pesticides, of the implementation of black soldier fly (BSF)-based technology for circular waste management in the context of Benin. The study was performed in two phases. In Phase 1, we identified and estimated the primary sources of biowaste streams suitable for BSF rearing in Benin. The study involved identifying these sources, estimating their availability, and analysing their characteristics, particularly in terms of contamination levels. In Phase 2, each identified biowaste streams was subjected to BSF larvae treatment and the levels of identified contaminants was analysed before and after the treatment, as well as some microbial contaminants such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli and yeasts and moulds. The majority of biowaste streams and derived BSF larvae were contaminated with copper, chromium, cadmium, lead, and zinc. However, the concentrations detected were below the standard limit values recommended for animal feed. Traces of pesticides were detected in all biowaste streams and derived frass. No pesticide contamination was detected in BSF larvae. Salmonella spp. was found to be the most predominant pathogenic microorganism in fresh BSF larvae as well as in the frass. We therefore recommended to sanitise all BSF larvae that are intended for use in animal feed. As was demonstrated in this study, no Salmonella spp. was found in the sanitised larvae. The findings of this study will promote the establishment of safety measures in the BSF farming sector.
The Predictors of Dietary Supplement Use Among Women With Musculoskeletal Disease: A Population-Based Complex Sample Designed Study
Authors: Kwon Myoungjin , Kim Sun Ae , Song Youngshin
Published: January 2025

Supplement use is influenced by personal factors such as sex, knowledge, health status, and sociocultural factors. Korean women with musculoskeletal disease commonly use dietary supplements for purposes such as symptom relief. This study aimed to identify the differences in demographics, health status, and functional health literacy depending on the use of dietary supplements in Korean women with musculoskeletal disease. A cross-sectional study and secondary data analysis were designed using a representative, multilevel stratified cluster sample from the 8th wave (2019) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national statistical survey encompassing health status, health behaviors, and food and nutrient consumption. Data on 804 women aged 20 years or older with musculoskeletal disease were included. A complex samples χ2-test was conducted to compare all variables such as demographics, health status, and functional health literacy. As results, significant differences were found between the dietary supplement user and non-user groups in terms of age (χ2 = 12.21, P = .009), type of health insurance (χ2 = 4.01, P = .049), education level (χ2 = 42.86, P < .001), and presence of diabetes mellitus (χ2 = 9.16, P = .005). Functional health literacy was higher in the user group than in the non-user group (χ² = 5.48, P = .050). We found that younger individuals with health insurance, higher educational levels, and functional health literacy, and who do not have diabetes are likely to use dietary supplements. Healthcare providers should continue to monitor the use of dietary supplements among women with musculoskeletal diseases to ensure their safe and effective use.
Worker participation under digitalisation: Structure, power and varieties of union influence in two manufacturing sectors
Authors: Dupuis Mathieu , Massicotte Alexis
Published: January 2025

Technological changes associated with the rise of digitalisation are sometimes envisioned as disrupting forces for the role of workers on the shopfloor. Whether these changes will lead to enhanced or reduced participation of labour and unions has been the subject of conjectures put forward by different schools of thought. The article proposes a framework mobilising various forms of participation to understand patterns of involvement under technological changes. An exploration of four cases in the aluminium and rubber manufacturing sectors in Québec (Canada) reveals a high variation of participation schemes, ranging from collective and formal to mixed (collective and formal, direct and informal), and direct and formal. The authors argue that patterns of participation at work should be understood as the outcomes of the material conditions (technology, markets, economic) in which workplaces are embedded in conjunction with the ability of workers and unions to mobilise power resources to influence changes at work.
Chronic high fat diet-induced cerebrovascular remodeling impairs recovery of blood flow after cerebral ischemia in mice
Authors: Li Jun , Sun Naidi , Hu Song , Zuo Zhiyi
Published: January 2025

Obesity and associated metabolic disturbances worsen brain ischemia outcome. High fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are obese and have cerebrovascular remodeling and worsened brain ischemia outcome. We determined whether HFD-induced cerebrovascular remodeling impaired reperfusion to the ischemic penumbra. Six-week-old C57BL/6J or matrix metalloprotease-9 knockout (MMP-9−/−) mice were on HFD or regular diet (RD) for 12 to 14 months before a 60-min left middle cerebral arterial occlusion (MCAO). Photoacoustic microscopy was performed at left cerebral frontal cortex. HFD increased cerebrovascular density and tortuosity in C57BL/6J mice but not in MMP-9−/− mice. Blood flow to the ischemic penumbra slowly recovered but did not reach the baseline 2 h after MCAO in RD-fed mice. Oxygen extraction fraction was increased to maintain cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) throughout brain ischemia and reperfusion period. This blood flow recovery was worsened in HFD-fed mice, leading to decreased CMRO2. MMP-9−/− attenuated these HFD effects. HFD increased MMP-9 activity and interleukin 1β. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an anti-inflammatory agent, abolished the HFD effects. Interleukin 1β increased MMP-9 activity. In summary, HFD induces cerebrovascular remodeling, leading to worsened recovery of blood supply to the ischemic penumbra to contribute to poor outcome after brain ischemia. Neuroinflammation may activate MMP-9 in HFD-fed mice.
The effect of power-based control on the haemodynamics and valve function of the biventricular assist circulation system
Authors: Wang Fangqun , He Chenyang , Ren Yiliang , Xu Fan , Ding Litao , Li Mengping
Published: January 2025

Biventricular assist devices (BiVAD) are capable of providing mechanical support to the left and right ventricles to improve blood supply in heart failure, thereby maintaining patients’ lives and improving their quality of life. But there is evidence that the incidence of aortic valve incompetence and other valvular pathologies is related to BiVAD support. Such as constant speed (CS) control may cause the valve to close completely and lose its normal valve function. The valve function is related to the percentage of valve opening which is approximately 30% of the cardiac cycle. This study developed a power-based control model for BiVAD that could regulate motors’ speed by altering the power to satisfy objectives of keeping valve function and restoring physiologic perfusion. The effects of the power-based controller on the hemodynamics and valve function were investigated by simulating BiVAD under constant power and variable power controls. Different heart failure and activity levels were also mimicked under variable power control to obtain the BiVAD’s critical parameters and the assist ratios. The results show that the power-based control can help the BiVAD to assist a patient with heart failure, and the power settings should comprehensively consider objectives of valve function and physiologic perfusion.
Antipsychotic Drug Prescribing in Children Previously Treated With Stimulants for ADHD: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study: La prescription d'antipsychotiques chez les enfants précédemment traités avec des stimulants pour le TDAH : une étude longitudinale basée sur la population
Authors: Gober Hans J. , Li Kathy H. , Carleton Bruce C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Stimulant drug treatment in preschool-age children for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as the concomitant use of antipsychotic drugs is largely unstudied in terms of longitudinal outcomes. We characterized longitudinal patterns of stimulant drug use in children diagnosed for ADHD and analyzed the mental health disorders leading to add-on therapy with antipsychotics.

Method

The study population comprised of children and adolescents (age: 0–19 years) in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, with at least one dispensing for any psychotropic drug between 1997 and 2017 ( N = 144,825). BC health administrative databases were used to identify children with diagnosis for ADHD and dispensings for stimulant and antipsychotic drugs. Longitudinal patterns of drug use and diagnostic codes proximal to the add-on of antipsychotics were assessed.

Results

We found that residence in rural regions and lack of child psychiatrists are significantly associated with higher rates of stimulant drug prescription in preschool and early school-age children. Residence in rural regions was also associated with a higher rate for the concomitant use of antipsychotics over the course of stimulant treatment. When comparing children starting stimulant therapy before the age of 6 with those starting therapy after 6 years, we found an 82% increase in the likelihood of antipsychotic add-on in those starting stimulants at younger ages (HR: 1.82, 95% CI [1.63–2.04]). Moreover, children starting stimulant therapy before the age of 6 years had 3.57-fold higher rates of diagnostic codes for specific delays in development (ICD-9 315) in close proximity to the antipsychotic add-on.

Conclusions

The question remains whether the add-on of antipsychotics is a consequence of insufficient action of the stimulant in ADHD, or required to ameliorate the adverse effects of the stimulant drug. Our result suggests that care need to be taken in the diagnosis for ADHD in children at the age when entering elementary school.
Multi-field modelling and temperature rise analysis for the pantograph-catenary contact of metro train during a temporary stop
Authors: Song Enhao , Bi Yonglei , Wu Aizhong
Published: January 2025

Metro trains are a type of electrical multiple unit (EMU) that obtain energy through electrical contact between the pantograph strip and the contact wire. When a metro train arrives at a station or temporarily halts on the track, the catenary system must maintain the supply of electrical current to support for essential functions such as air conditioning, illumination, door operation, braking, startup, and other onboard devices. However, due to the presence of contact resistance, concentrated Joule heating is generated the interface of the pantograph-catenary system when electrical current flows through it. This static contact condition can lead to overheating, which may result in thermal damage to the pantograph strip and potentially cause wire breakage accidents. Therefore, investigating the temperature rise at the pantograph-catenary contact when the train halts is crucial. The characteristics of the contact force, contact resistance, and thermal conductivity within the pantograph-catenary system indicate that this contact represents a complex interaction involving thermal, mechanical, and electrical behaviors. Consequently, a multi-field coupled model is required. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model that incorporates the thermal-mechanical-electrical interactions of the pantograph-catenary contact is proposed. Based on this model, simulations of the temperature rise during static contact between the pantograph strip and the contact wire is simulated to examine, examining the effects of contact force, contact resistance, thermal conductivity, and the wear condition of the contact wire. The model and analytical results presented in this paper provide valuable insights for the parameter design and optimization of the pantograph-catenary system.
Green shoots in uncertain times: Decoding the asymmetric nexus between monetary policy uncertainty and renewable energy
Authors: Liu Kai , Luo Ji , Faridi Muhammad Zahir , Nazar Raima , Ali Sajid
Published: January 2025

The global economic landscapes are overshadowed by monetary policy uncertainty (MPU), challenging various sectors. However, its impact on renewable energy consumption (REC) remains ambiguous, reflecting the sector's complex interplay with economic forces. This study seeks to unravel the complexities by examining how fluctuations in monetary policy affect REC in key emerging economies, including China, India, Russia, Brazil, South Africa, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey, Nigeria, and Vietnam. Previous studies predominantly relied on panel data techniques, overlooking the distinct traits of individual nations. In contrast, this investigation employs the refined Quantile-on-Quantile approach to meticulously analyze the relationship between variables in each economy separately, thus enhancing precision. By integrating this advanced method, the study uncovers previously unnoticed dynamics across emerging economies, offering a more nuanced and accurate assessment than traditional methods. This approach provides a holistic global perspective and tailors insights to specific economies, addressing the complexity of MPU's impact on REC. The findings reveal that MPU negatively affects REC across various quantiles in most selected nations, an insight with significant practical implications. These results offer invaluable guidance for policymakers in developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of monetary uncertainty, enabling the design of targeted, nation-specific policies for promoting sustainable energy use.
Intra-day, short- and long-term reliability of surface electromyographic measurements during a standardized measurement protocol for lower back pain patients
Authors: Domokos Bruno , Hümmer Adrian , Ettinger Julia , Raschka Christoph , Spang Christoph , Düking Peter
Published: January 2025

Background

The identification of back muscle dysfunction is a prerequisite for successful rehabilitation. Therefore, surface electromyography can be used for diagnostic and evaluative purposes. However, data quality highly depends on a) variance and inaccuracies in methodological procedures and b) on time-dependent changes, particularly in complex conditions such as chronic low back pain.

Objective

To assess intra-day, short-term and long-term reliability of a protocol designed for electromyographic measurements of the paraspinal muscles.

Methods

Three everyday tasks were selected for measurement in two healthy populations (mean age (years): 26.25/30.49 (SD: 7.05/11.03), sex-balanced). The procedure follows a detailed protocol (e.g., including ultrasound, electrode placement, movement commands). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated.

Results

Prone extension task demonstrated excellent test-retest agreement in all timespans (ICC = 0.92–0.96, SEM = 6.08–8.11, MDC = 16.85–22.49). Forward bending reliability ranged from moderate in long-term (ICC = 0.68–0.71, SEM = 1.98–2.52, MDC = 5.48–6.99) to good in intra-day (ICC = 0.76–0.89, SEM = 1.73–2.15, MDC = 4.79–5.95) to excellent in short-term assessment (ICC = 0.97, SEM = 1.07–1.21, MDC = 2.96–3.34). Sitting task showed the lowest test-retest agreement ranging between good to moderate in intra-day (ICC = 0.60–0.77, SEM = 1.22–1.26, MDC = 1.61–3.48)) and short-term reliability (ICC = 0.50–0.75, SEM = 1.24–2.06, MDC = 0.62–4.04) and moderate in long-term reliability (ICC = 0.65–0.71, SEM = 1.43–1.85, MDC = 3.95–5.12).

Conclusion

Using standardized procedures, surface electromyography can provide reliable data for practitioners in low back pain rehabilitation. Timespan had a limited influence on reliability compared to the type of task performed.
Experimental study and numerical simulation of tribological and mechanical properties of mullite and SiC ceramic matrix composite for journal bearing
Authors: Choudhary Prasoon , Brar Gurinder Singh , Sharma Varun
Published: January 2025

This study presents a detailed analysis of mullite and SiC based ceramic matrix composites in comparison to traditional materials used in journal bearings. The research integrates experimental investigations and numerical simulations to analyze the tribological behavior and mechanical properties of these composites. The experimental analysis evaluates the frictional characteristics, wear resistance, microhardness, and thermal stability of mullite and SiC-based composites under conditions relevant to journal bearing applications, comparing them with traditional materials such as Bronze and Babbitt. Results show that the mullite-SiC composites demonstrate a lower friction coefficient of 0.15 and a wear rate of 0.002 g, significantly outperforming the traditional materials. To further understand the material behavior, computational models using finite element analysis simulated the stress distribution, deformation, and frictional characteristics at the bearing interface under varying operational parameters. It predicted no deformation in mullite-SiC composites after two hours of operation, with minimal deformation of 4.6191 mm observed after three hours. Stress analysis revealed uniform stress distribution across the composite, with a maximum stress of 2.93 MPa. Additionally, microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) identifies minimal abrasive wear and the absence of severe adhesive wear on the composite's surface. The average surface roughness along the wear surface was measured at 2.35 µm. Ultimately, the research outcomes aim to contribute significantly to the advancement of journal bearing technology, facilitating their application in diverse industrial settings where high performance and reliability are crucial requirements.
Efficacy Analysis of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Tumors: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Qian , Zhao Hanqing , Zhang Xianwen , Zhang Suli , He Zelai , Wang Gengming , Jiang Hao , Xuan Aili , Li Xianming
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Metastasis remains a major cause of death among patients with malignant tumors. Radiotherapy is one of the main modalities of cancer treatment. The rapid development of radiotherapy technology has enabled the widespread application of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HFRT on the survival and safety of patients with oligometastatic tumors.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study that involved 65 patients with well-controlled primary tumors and 1–5 metastatic foci treated at the study site between January 2020 and December 2022. Patients were aged >18 years and had a ≥ 6-month life expectancy. The patients received standard treatments plus HFRT for all metastatic foci. The dose fractionation regimen was adjusted according to the location and size of the patient’s metastatic foci. The planning gross tumor volume of HFRT was 82.93 cm3 (range: 10.12-562.80 cm3), and the radiation dose range was 20 Gy/5 F–60 Gy/15 F. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), local control rates, and incidence of adverse events of the patients were observed.

Results

Among the 65 patients, the median follow-up time, PFS, and OS were 26 months (95% CI: 0.80-37.50), 15 months (95% CI: 9.36-20.64), and 28 months (95% CI: 16.71-39.29), respectively. The 1- and 2-year PFS were 53.8% and 40.0%, respectively, while the 1- and 2-year OS rates were 73.8% and 56.9%, respectively. In total, 13.8%, 55.4%, 20.0%, and 13.8% of patients showed complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease, respectively. Four patients developed grade 3 or worse adverse events, and no treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusions

HFRT showed favorable clinical efficacy and safety in patients with oligometastatic tumors, generally achieving a good OS rate. Further randomized trials should be conducted.
Interleukin-33 in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Liu Bei
Published: January 2025

Barrier tissues like the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system exhibit high IL-33 expression. IL-33 expression increases in humans and mice during cutaneous wound healing. Following skin injury, IL-33 alerts immune cells via its receptor ST2, modulating the inflammatory response and acting as a nuclear transcription factor to regulate target cell function. Multiple studies have verified the vital function of IL-33 in cutaneous wound healing; however, the mechanisms remain contentious. This review provides an overview of the progress made in comprehending the biological characteristics of IL-33, including its production, its regulatory effects on target cells’ activities, and its impact on chronic wounds. This overview aids in elucidating the mechanisms through which IL-33 contributes to wound healing, thereby offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating chronic wounds.
Journalists’ Perceptions About Public Trust in East African Media: Comparative, Cross-Country Surveys from Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda
Authors: Sobel Cohen Meghan , McIntyre Karen
Published: January 2025

Scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the ways in which the public trusts an array of media content, outlets, and platforms. However, the bulk of this work has focused on audience research in Western democracies. This study uses surveys of journalists in Rwanda, Uganda, and Kenya in 2019 to examine the metajournalistic discourse surrounding how press freedom levels, technological advancements, and various sociopolitical factors impact public trust in the news media. Findings indicate that Kenyan journalists believe that public trust in the media is high, while Rwandan journalists perceive the lowest levels of public trust in the press. Findings also suggest that journalists in these three East African nations believe the public is more likely to trust the press when journalists are committed to advocating for the public and maintaining peace in the country. This study also highlights the importance of understanding journalists’ perceptions about their audiences when examining journalism practice around the world.
Chatbot-delivered mental health support: Attitudes and utilization in a sample of U.S. college students
Authors: Rackoff Gavin N. , Zhang Zhenyu Z. , Newman Michelle G.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Chatbots’ rapid advancements raise the possibility that they can be used to deliver mental health support. However, public utilization of and opinions toward chatbots for mental health support are poorly understood.

Methods

Survey study of 428 U.S. university students who participated in early 2024, just over one year after the release of ChatGPT. Descriptive analyses examined utilization of and attitudes toward both traditional mental health services (i.e. psychotherapy, counseling, or medication) and chatbot-delivered mental health support.

Results

Nearly half (49%) of participants reported having used a chatbot for any purpose, yet only 5% reported seeking mental health support from a chatbot (8% when only considering participants with probable depression or generalized anxiety disorder). Attitudes toward traditional mental health services were broadly positive, and attitudes toward chatbot-delivered support were neutral and significantly less positive ( d = 1.18, p < .001). Participants reported lack of need and doubts about helpfulness as barriers to using chatbot-delivered support more frequently than they reported them as barriers to traditional services. Cost, time, and stigma barriers were less frequently reported for chatbot-delivered support than for traditional services. Attitudes were generally consistent as a function of mental health status.

Conclusion

Among U.S. students, utilization of chatbots for mental health support is uncommon. Chatbots are perceived as less likely to be beneficial, yet also less affected by cost, time, and stigma barriers than traditional services. Rigorous outcome research may increase public trust in and utilization of chatbots for mental health support.
Exploring the Landscape of Generative AI (ChatGPT)-Powered Writing Instruction in English as a Foreign Language Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Xiao (肖斐文) Feiwen , Zhu (朱思宇) Siyu , Xin (辛闻) Wen
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)-powered technologies, particularly ChatGPT, have sparked significant interest in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. This review aims to explore the landscape of ChatGPT's application in EFL writing.

Design/Approach/Method

Given the nascence of this field, the study conducts a scoping review by analyzing 16 empirical studies published before December 2023 to investigate the role of ChatGPT in EFL writing.

Findings

The review explores the current and potential uses of ChatGPT in EFL writing, highlighting its dual role as both a writing assistant and an assessment tool. On one hand, ChatGPT is widely acknowledged for providing real-time feedback that enhances writing quality and efficiency. On the other hand, challenges and concerns remain prevalent.

Originality/Value

The findings reveal key gaps in the literature, such as the need for more interdisciplinary research, the adaptation of AI models to meet the linguistic and cultural needs of EFL learners, and the integration of multimodal AI tools. The review emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and information literacy training for educators and students while addressing ethical considerations. These insights offer a roadmap for future research and the practical implementation of AI in language education, providing valuable guidance for different stakeholders.
Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of root system architecture traits in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) at the seedling stage
Authors: Enyew Muluken , Geleta Mulatu , Tesfaye Kassahun , Seyoum Amare , Feyissa Tileye , Alemu Admas , Hammenhag Cecilia , Carlsson Anders S.
Published: January 2025

Root system architecture (RSA) plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. However, the genetic basis of RSA in sorghum has not been adequately elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the genetic bases of RSA traits through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and determine genomic prediction (GP) accuracy in sorghum landraces at the seedling stage. Phenotypic data for nodal root angle (NRA), number of nodal roots (NNR), nodal root length (NRL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), dry shoot weight (DSW), and leaf area (LA) were collected from 160 sorghum accessions grown in soil-based rhizotrons. The sorghum panel was genotyped with 5,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for use in the current GWAS and GP studies. A multi-locus model, Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU), was applied for GWAS analysis. For GP, ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP) and five different Bayesian models were applied. A total of 17 SNP loci significantly associated with the studied traits were identified, of which nine are novel loci. Among the traits, the highest number of significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) was identified for nodal root angle on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, and 7. The SNP loci that explain the highest proportion of phenotypic variance (PVE) include sbi32853830 (PVE = 18.2%), sbi29954292 (PVE = 18.1%), sbi24668980 (PVE = 10.8%), sbi3022983 (PVE = 7%), sbi29897704 (PVE = 6.4%) and sbi29897694 (PVE = 5.3%) for the traits NNR, LA, SDW, NRA, NRL and SFW, respectively. The genomic prediction accuracy estimated for the studied traits using five Bayesian models ranged from 0.30 to 0.63 while it ranged from 0.35 to 0.60 when the RR-BLUP model was used. The observed moderate to high prediction accuracy for each trait suggests that genomic selection could be a feasible approach to sorghum RSA-targeted selection and breeding. Overall, the present study provides insights into the genetic bases of RSA and offers an opportunity to speed up breeding for drought-tolerant sorghum varieties.
Panic disorder during pregnancy and the first three years after delivery: a systematic review
Authors: Verhees F. Gerrik , Bendau Antonia , Unger Stefanie , Donix Katharina L. , Asselmann Eva , Martini Julia
Published: January 2025

Background

Panic disorder (PD) is highly prevalent during the peripartum period. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on risk factors and course patterns of peripartum PD as well as maternal, infant or dyadic outcomes during the first three years after delivery.

Methods

A literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (1) a diagnosis of PD or panic attacks during pregnancy, (2) risk factors and course as well as maternal, infant or dyadic outcomes measured in pregnancy and/or up to 3 years postpartum (3) peer-reviewed articles in English or German published between 1980 and April 2024. After screening of n = 2,740 records, n = 75 records based on n = 64 projects were eligible for this systematic review.

Results

Overall, n = 47 studies investigated the course of PD during the peripartum period, n = 23 studies examined the associations of PD and obstetric, neonatal or infant outcomes, and n = 5 studies focused on the associations of PD and characteristics of the mother-infant dyad. We found (1) no common trajectory, but heterogeneous courses of maternal PD in the peripartum period, (2) associations of maternal PD with birth complications and subsequent postpartum depression, and (3) evidence for associations of PD with infant and dyadic outcomes.

Limitations

Diverse outcome measures in recent original publications did not allow for a meta-analytic approach.

Conclusion

Heterogenous courses and outcomes of peripartum PD require comprehensive monitoring of affected mothers and their infants. There is a need for further longitudinal investigations into familial transmission of anxiety disorders.
Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study
Authors: Smith Jennyffer D. , Sapoznik Kaitlyn A. , Bisignano Kelly , Benoit Julia , Harrison Wendy W.
Published: January 2025

Background

This study evaluates retinal oxygen saturation and vessel density within the macula and correlates these measures in controls and subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM) with (DMR) and without (DMnR) retinopathy. Changes in retinal oxygen saturation have not been evaluated regionally in diabetic patients.

Methods

Data from seventy subjects (28 controls, 26 DMnR, and 16 DMR were analyzed. For those with DMR,8 were mild/moderate diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 8 severe NPDR/proliferative (PDR). Subjects were categorized with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and fundus photography. Retinal oximetry measurements were performed within a 300–400 μm region at four diagonal locations 3.1 degrees from the center of the fovea in the superior nasal, superior temporal, inferior nasal, and inferior temporal locations adjacent to the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed and corrected for refractive error. Photoshop and ImageJ were utilized to calculate the superficial capillary plexus vascular density (SCP). Oximetry and OCTA vessel density were analyzed overall and by region.

Results

Average retinal oxygen saturation was highest in DMR (p = 0.008). Average OCTA density was less in DMR compared to controls (p = 0.01), but not compared to DMnR subjects (p = 0.07). A significant inverse correlation was observed between averaged oxygen saturation and SCP vascular density for all subjects (p = 0.02). Duration of DM was positively associated with oxygen saturation (p = 0.01) and negatively with OCTA SCP vascular density (p = 0.009). There were no differential effects of retinal location.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the relationship between macular oxygen saturation and SCP vascular density at different levels of retinopathy. This may be useful to track patients with DM as they move through stages of retinopathy.
Negative experiences with primary care services in Norway expressed in patient and next-of-kin complaints – a qualitative study
Authors: Eriksen Alison Axisa , Fredwall Terje Emil , Larsen Inger Beate
Published: January 2025

Background

Primary health care has been central to achieving universal health coverage. In Norway, there has been increased pressure on primary care services in recent years. Patient complaints offer key insights into care quality, and qualitative analysis of patient complaints can help healthcare professionals reflect on and improve their practices. The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of negative experiences with primary care in Norway, as expressed in complaints to the Health and Social Services Ombudsman (Ombudsman).

Methods

An explorative descriptive qualitative design was employed. Document analysis was used to examine earlier complaints. A total of 221 complaints were analysed via reflexive thematic analysis. The participants consisted of a sample of patients and next of kin who made complaints regarding primary care services to the Ombudsman in Norway in 2019.

Results

Four themes were developed through thematic analysis: 1) the services patients received did not align with their perceived needs; 2) patients experienced disrupted transitions between healthcare services; 3) patients and next of kin encountered substandard case handling; and 4) insufficient services placed a heavy burden on next of kin. These findings were integrated to a patient-centred framework to provide structure and make them more accessible to healthcare providers.

Conclusions

This study highlights the challenges faced by patients and their next of kin related to Norwegian primary care services, pointing to a gap between the expected quality of healthcare services and the services received and to nudging next of kin to provide informal care.
The association between physician sex and patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heybati Kiyan , Chang Ashton , Mohamud Hodan , Satkunasivam Raj , Coburn Natalie , Salles Arghavan , Tsugawa Yusuke , Ikesu Ryo , Saka Natsumi , Detsky Allan S. , Ko Dennis T. , Ross Heather , Mamas Mamas A. , Jerath Angela , Wallis Christopher J. D.
Published: January 2025

Background

Some prior studies have found that patients treated by female physicians may experience better outcomes, as well as lower healthcare costs than those treated by male physicians. Physician–patient sex concordance may also contribute to better patient outcomes. However, other studies have not identified a significant difference. There is a paucity of pooled evidence examining the association of physician sex with clinical outcomes.

Methods

This random-effects meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered on PROSPERO. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception to October 4th, 2023, and supplemented by a hand-search of relevant studies. Observational studies enrolling adults (≥ 18 years of age) and assessing the effect of physician sex across surgical and medical specialties were included. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. A priori subgroup analysis was conducted based on patient type (surgical versus medical). All-cause mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included complications, hospital readmission, and length of stay.

Results

Across 35 (n = 13,404,840) observational studies, 20 (n = 8,915,504) assessed the effect of surgeon sex while the remaining 15 (n = 4,489,336) focused on physician sex in medical/anesthesia care. Fifteen studies were rated as having a moderate risk of bias, with 15 as severe, and 5 as critical. Mortality was significantly lower among patients of female versus male physicians (OR 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.97; PQ = 0.13; I2 = 26%), which remained consistent among surgeon and non-surgeon physicians (Pinteraction = 0.60). No significant evidence of publication bias was detected (PEgger = 0.08). There was significantly lower hospital readmission among patients receiving medical/anesthesia care from female physicians (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98). In a qualitative synthesis of 9 studies (n = 7,163,775), patient-physician sex concordance was typically associated with better outcomes, especially among female patients of female physicians.

Conclusions

Patients treated by female physicians experienced significantly lower odds of mortality, along with fewer hospital readmissions, versus those with male physicians. Further work is necessary to examine these effects in other care contexts across different countries and understand underlying mechanisms and long-term outcomes to optimize health outcomes for all patients.

Review registration

PROSPERO – CRD42023463577.
Screening for transcriptomic associations with Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome
Authors: Gerhards Katharina , Becker Sabrina , Kuehling Josef , Lechner Mirjam , Willems Hermann , Ringseis Robert , Reiner Gerald
Published: January 2025

Background

The recently identified swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) affects tail, ears, teats, coronary bands, claws and heels of affected individuals. The primarily endogenous syndrome is based on vasculitis, thrombosis, and intimal proliferation, involving defence cells, interleukins, chemokines, and acute phase proteins and accompanied by alterations in clinical chemistry, metabolome, and liver transcriptome. The complexity of metabolic alterations and the influence of the boar led to hypothesize a polygenic architecture of SINS. This should be investigated by a transcriptome study. For this purpose, the three to five least affected (SINS-low) and most SINS affected (SINS-high) 3d-old piglets, each of three boars, a relatively SINS stable Duroc boar (DU), a relatively stable Pietrain boar (PI+) and a highly susceptible Pietrain boar (PI-) were selected from 27 litters of mixed semen to minimize environmental effects.

Results

A genome-wide expression experiment revealed a huge set of differentially expressed genes that are involved in vasculitis, inflammation and necrosis, keratinization and erythrocyte epitopes. Among them were CRP, GYPA, S100A12, and LIPK. The results confirm and complement previous studies to this topic.

Conclusions

The results confirm the outstanding importance of defence in the context of SINS. At the same time, for the first time, there is evidence for a direct involvement of the keratinisation capacity of the skin and various epitopes of the erythrocyte membrane, which seem to be associated with the severity of SINS. These genes could serve to clarify the pathogenesis of the syndrome and to develop diagnostic tools in future studies.
Medical negligence compensation claims in knee meniscal surgery in Norway: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Øhrn Frank-David , Årøen Asbjørn , Aae Tommy Frøseth
Published: January 2025

Background

Meniscal surgery is one of the most frequent orthopaedic procedures performed worldwide. There is a wide range of possible treatment errors that can occur following meniscal surgery. In Norway, patients subject to treatment errors by hospitals and private institutions can file a compensation claim free of charge to the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE). The purpose of this study was to systematically analyse compensation claims filed to the NPE following meniscal surgery and evaluate gender effects on accepted claims. Our hypothesis was that there was no gender difference in accepted claims.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study assessing all registered claims at the NPE after meniscal surgery from 2010 to 2020. The surgical procedures were stratified into subgroups following data collection. Data from the Norwegian Patient Registry were collected to obtain information on the numbers of the different procedures performed in hospitals and private institutions. We calculated frequencies and relative frequencies of categorical data. Differences in categorical data were calculated using the Pearson Chi-square test.

Results

The total number of meniscal resections and sutures in the study period was 119,528. A total of 372 compensation claims were filed, 241 male and 130 female. Of these, 152 (40.9%) claims were accepted, while 220 (59.1%) were rejected. The most frequent reasons for filing a compensation claim were pain (114), followed by infection (98), wrong technique (38) and impaired function/instability (25).There was a significant gender difference in the acceptance of claims in favour of men (121 vs. 31, p < 0.001). A sensitivity analysis excluding infection as reason for compensation claim found no gender difference (p = 0.16) in acceptance of claims.

Conclusion

Compensation claims after meniscal surgery are rare, with only 0.3% of patients filing a compensation claim. There was a marked preponderance of men with accepted claims due to a higher frequency of postoperative infections. Surgeons should be aware of this and take this into account in the decision-making before surgery.
First evidence of transovarial transmission of Kyasanur Forest disease virus in Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus ticks in the wild
Authors: Burthe Sarah J. , Kumbar Bhimanagoud , Schäfer Stefanie M. , Purse Bethan V. , Vanak Abi T. , Balakrishnan Natrajan , Hassall Richard , Hoti Subhash L. , Narayanaswamy Darshan , Potadar Santoshkumar , Rahman Mujeeb , Chanda Mohammed Mudassar
Published: January 2025

Background

Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus causing debilitating and potentially fatal disease in people in the Western Ghats region of India. The transmission cycle is complex, involving multiple vector and host species, but there are significant gaps in ecological knowledge. Empirical data on pathogen-vector-host interactions and incrimination have not been updated since the last century, despite significant local changes in land use and the expansion of KFD to new areas. Mathematical models predict that transovarial transmission, whereby adult female ticks pass KFDV infections to their offspring, plays an important role in the persistence of KFD, but this has not been shown in the wild. Here we set out to establish whether transovarial transmission of KFDV was occurring under natural field conditions by assessing whether host-seeking larvae were positive for KFDV.

Methods

Ticks were sampled by dragging and flagging across a broad range of habitats within the agro-forest matrix at 49 sites in two districts: Shivamogga, Karnataka and Wayanad, Kerala (September 2018-March 2019), and larvae were tested for KFDV by PCR.

Results

In total, larval ticks from 7 of the 49 sites sampled tested positive for KFDV, indicating that transovarial transmission is occurring. Of the 13 KFDV-positive larval samples, 3 came from around houses and gardens, 5 from crops (3 from harvested rice paddy and 2 from areca plantation), 1 from teak plantation and 4 (2 from 1 transect) from forests. Five different tick species were found to have KFDV-positive larvae: Haemaphysalis spinigera, H. bispinosa, Rhipicephalus annulatus, R. microplus and an unidentifiable species of Haemaphysalis (no close match in GenBank).

Conclusions

Our empirical confirmation of transovarial transmission has important implications for understanding and predicting KFD dynamics, suggesting that ticks may act as a reservoir for KFDV. Moreover, small mammals and cattle may play crucial roles in transmission if small mammals are the main hosts for larvae infected via transovarial transmission, and cattle support large numbers of infected female adult ticks. This first report of transovarial transmission of KFDV, and within a hitherto undescribed range of vectors and habitats, will help disease managers improve KFD surveillance and mitigation strategies, ultimately leading to communities becoming more resilient to the risk of this tick-transmitted disease.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of two point-of-care lung ultrasound techniques and their associated outcomes for bronchiolitis in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Smith Jaron A. , Cooper Michael C. , Yen Kenneth , Reisch Joan , Stone Bethsabee S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Clinician diagnosis and management vary due to limited objective assessment tools. Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) offers a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in the emergency department (ED), however, the time to perform LUS is of concern in the emergency setting.

Methods

Infants ≤ 12 months diagnosed with AB in the emergency department were enrolled. Two LUS techniques were performed sequentially: a 12-segment “lawnmower” approach and a posterior paravertebral “waterfall” technique. LUS were scored (0–36 for lawnmower; 0–6 for waterfall). Respiratory support (RS) was categorized into three levels: no RS (room air), low RS (wall O2 or heated high flow nasal cannula < 1L/kg), and high RS (heated high flow nasal cannula ≥ 1L/kg or positive pressure). Clinical data, including RS at 12 and 24 h, maximum RS, disposition, and length of stay, were extracted via chart review and compared to mean LUS scores for each technique. Calculated areas under the curve (AUC) were compared using the Youden Index (J).

Results

82 infants were enrolled. The mean waterfall scanning time was 1.65 min (SD 0.55) compared to the lawnmower’s 7.65 min (SD 1.45). The difference between mean LUS scores for the waterfall technique was statistically significant for all disposition comparisons and nearly all RS comparisons. While the lawnmower AUC was greater than the waterfall AUC for all RS and disposition comparisons, the Youden Index (J) was statistically significantly different for only two of the eight comparisons.

Conclusion

The posterior-only LUS technique is faster than the lawnmower technique, provides comparable information for disposition, and has a stronger association with LOS, but is less associated with RS. The waterfall technique may be a suitable alternative to more time-intensive, thorough techniques.
Human epicardial organoids from pluripotent stem cells resemble fetal stage with potential cardiomyocyte- transdifferentiation
Authors: Wang Fanwen , Zou Xinle , Zheng Huilin , Kong Tianci , Pei Duanqing
Published: January 2025

Epicardium, the most outer mesothelium, exerts crucial functions in fetal heart development and adult heart regeneration. Here we use a three-step manipulation of WNT signalling entwined with BMP and RA signalling for generating a self-organized epicardial organoid that highly express with epicardium makers WT1 and TCF21 from human embryonic stem cells. After 8-days treatment of TGF-beta following by bFGF, cells enter into epithelium-mesenchymal transition and give rise to smooth muscle cells. Epicardium could also integrate and invade into mouse heart with SNAI1 expression, and give birth to numerous cardiomyocyte-like cells. Single-cell RNA seq unveils the heterogeneity and multipotency exhibited by epicardium-derived-cells and fetal-like epicardium. Meanwhile, extracellular matrix and growth factors secreted by epicardial organoid mimics the ecology of subepicardial space between the epicardium and cardiomyocytes. As such, this epicardial organoid offers a unique ground for investigating and exploring the potential of epicardium in heart development and regeneration.