bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomic Delimitation of the “Hairy-Fig” Complex of Ficus sect. Eriosycea (Moraceae) in China
Authors: LU JING , GUI PING , LU ZHONG-LING , ZHANG LI-FANG , TIAN HUAI-ZHEN , GILBERT MICHAEL G. , LI HONG-QING
Published: May 2016

The hairy-fig complex of Ficus sect. Eriosycea (Moraceae) includes F. hirta, F. esquiroliana, F. simplicissima and a Chinese entity misidentified as F. fulva. These species are difficult to delimit because of the continuously varying morphological characteristics. In order to re-evaluate the status of these taxa, herbarium specimens were extensively examined and 118 samples of the complex were selected for anatomical and molecular analysis. ITS, ETS and trnH-psbA were applied for constructing phylogenetic trees and fluorescently labeled microsatellite primers were screened for cluster analysis. The results showed that all the four species show continuously variable morphological characters and make up one well supported clade on the phylogenetic trees, and that this similar genetic background was confirmed by the cluster analysis. In conclusion, all the four taxa of the hairy-fig complex recorded in China should be combined as one species F. simplicissima, with two varieties: var. simplicissima and var. roxburghii (Miquel) Hong-Qing Li & Jing Lu.
Sedum keniense (Crassulaceae), a new species from Mt. Kenya, East Africa
Authors: ZHOU YA-DONG , HU GUANG-WAN , YAN XUE , MWACHALA GEOFFREY , GITURU ROBERT WAHITI , WANG QING-FENG
Published: May 2016

Here we report a new species of Crassulaceae, Sedum keniense, from the high elevation region of Mt. Kenya in East Africa. Sedum keniense is easily recognizable by its farinose stems and leaves, as well as comparatively larger inflorescences and flowers. It is similar to S. ruwenzoriense and S. meyeri-johannis, both of which are widely distributed at high elevations on most mountains in tropical East Africa.
A new species of Trachytherus (Notoungulata: Mesotheriidae) from the late Oligocene (Deseadan) of Southern Peru and the middle latitude diversification of early diverging mesotheriids
Authors: SHOCKEY BRUCE J. , BILLET GUILLAUME , SALAS-GISMONDI RODOLFO
Published: May 2016

Herein we describe a new species of early diverging mesotheriid notoungulate from the late Oligocene of Moquegua, Peru. This taxon, Trachytherus ramirezi sp. nov., is distinctive in terms of a few characteristics that appear plesiomorphic as compared to those of other described mesotheriids, even other species referred to Trachytherus. Such plesiomorphic traits include the absence of an upper diastema and a lack of heart-shaped incisive foramina, traits that are generally present in other mesotheriids. Our phylogenetic analysis of described early divergent mesotheriids indicates that T. ramirezi was the earliest to diverge. This analysis also confirms the paraphyletic nature of the “genus” Trachytherus.          Geographically, T. ramirezi clusters among T. alloxus, T. subandinus, and T. spegazzinianus, all of which are known from a discrete region in the middle latitudes of western South America that we refer to as the Bolivian Orocline Region (BOR). Our palaeobiogeographic reconstruction using maximum parsimony identifies the BOR as a possible ancestral area for the Mesotheriidae and as an important region for their diversification. For the more exclusive Mesotheriinae, the BOR was reconstructed as the ancestral area, an area from which some mesotheriines would have later dispersed to southern South America. Uncertainty concerning the ancestral area, for the Mesotheriidae—which could be BOR or southern South America area (or both)—is possibly due to the ignorance of the phylogenetic affinities for the undescribed mesotheriid remains reported from Tinguirirican localities. The present description of T. ramirezi therefore adds to the high taxonomic diversity of early mesotheriid species in the relatively small area of the BOR and emphasizes the likely role played by this topographically dynamic area on mesotheriid evolution during a significant time in the history of the clade.
Evolution of a Long-Track Violent Tornado within a Simulated Supercell
Authors: Orf Leigh , Wilhelmson Robert , Lee Bruce , Finley Catherine , Houston Adam
Published: May 2016

Tornadoes are among nature’s most destructive forces. The most violent, long-lived tornadoes form within supercell thunderstorms. Tornadoes ranked EF4 and EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale that exhibit long paths are the least common but most damaging and deadly type of tornado. In this article we describe an ultra-high-resolution (30-m gridpoint spacing) simulation of a supercell that produces a long-track tornado that exhibits instantaneous near-surface storm-relative winds reaching as high as 143 m s−1. The computational framework that enables this work is described, including the Blue Waters supercomputer, the CM1 cloud model, a data management framework built around the HDF5 scientific data format, and the VisIt and Vapor visualization tools. We find that tornadogenesis occurs in concert with processes not clearly seen in previous supercell simulations, including the consolidation of numerous vortices and vorticity patches along the storm’s forward-flank downdraft boundary and the intensification of a feature we call a streamwise vorticity current (SVC), a current of horizontal vorticity that is tilted upward into the storm’s low-level mesocyclone. The SVC is found throughout the genesis and much of the maintenance phase of the tornado, where it appears to help drive the storm’s vigorous low-level updraft. We compare stages of the storm’s maintenance phase to observations. We find that tornado decay occurs rapidly throughout the depth of the tornado and is associated with a weakening of the SVC and the development of a strong rainy downdraft that encircles the tornado, which has moved rearward into the storm’s cold pool.
Untangling Microphysical Impacts on Deep Convection Applying a Novel Modeling Methodology. Part II: Double-Moment Microphysics
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Morrison Hugh
Published: May 2016

The suggested impact of pollution on deep convection dynamics, referred to as the convective invigoration, is investigated in simulations applying microphysical piggybacking and a comprehensive double-moment bulk microphysics scheme. The setup follows the case of daytime convective development over land based on observations during the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) experiment in Amazonia. In contrast to previous simulations with single-moment microphysics schemes and in agreement with results from bin microphysics simulations by others, the impact of pollution simulated by the double-moment scheme is large for the upper-tropospheric convective anvils that feature higher cloud fractions in polluted conditions. The increase comes from purely microphysical considerations: namely, the increased cloud droplet concentrations in polluted conditions leading to the increased ice crystal concentrations and, consequently, smaller fall velocities and longer residence times. There is no impact on convective dynamics above the freezing level and thus no convective invigoration. Polluted deep convective clouds precipitate about 10% more than their pristine counterparts. The small enhancement comes from smaller supersaturations below the freezing level and higher buoyancies inside polluted convective updrafts with velocities between 5 and 10 m s−1. The simulated supersaturations are large, up to several percent in both pristine and polluted conditions, and they call into question results from deep convection simulations applying microphysical schemes with saturation adjustment. Sensitivity simulations show that the maximum supersaturations and the upper-tropospheric anvil cloud fractions strongly depend on the details of small cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that can be activated in strong updrafts above the cloud base.
Developing a Classroom Management Plan Using a Tiered Approach
Authors: Sayeski Kristin L. , Brown Monica R.
Published: May 2016

Randi, a special education teacher, has worked in an inclusive sixth grade classroom with Colleen, a general education teacher, since August. Although the class has been running fairly smoothly, it is September and some behavior issues have arisen. Transitions between lessons have been taking longer, general noise level during group work is up, and students have been teasing peers or making negative comments during group discussions. In addition, a small group of students is not completing assignments on time. The two students who have individualized education program (IEP) goals directly related to behavior are also experiencing difficulties. One student has shut down and refuses to do work, and the other student has been getting into fights during lunch break. Although Colleen and Randi had rules and consequences in place at the start of the year, they have decided they need to develop a comprehensive classroom management plan.
A “new water culture” on the Iberian Peninsula? Evaluating epistemic community impact on water resources management policy
Authors: Bukowski Jeanie
Published: May 2016

It is widely assumed that science should contribute to environmental policymaking. The epistemic communities framework provides a set of hypotheses regarding the conditions under which experts may serve as a conduit for such knowledge. An important critique of this approach, however, is that it is more often used metaphorically than empirically—analysts seldom identify such communities firmly on the basis of the fourfold belief system that defines them in the literature before proceeding with an analysis of policy impact. This article applies the defining components of the belief system set forth originally by Peter Haas to identify an epistemic community on the Iberian Peninsula promoting a “new water culture.” Once an empirical identification of the community is established, the article seeks to answer the questions: Have experts promoting a “new water culture” influenced water resources management policy locally, nationally, and/or transnationally? Under what conditions is impact more or less likely?
An Experimental Study of Risk Taking Behavior Among Adolescents: A Closer Look at Peer and Sex Influences
Authors: de Boer Anouk , Peeters Margot , Koning Ina
Published: May 2016

In this experimental study, it was examined to what extent peers and sex were important predictors of risk taking behavior of adolescents. Participants were 140 Dutch adolescents (52.9% boys, 12-15 years) who completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a measure of risk taking behavior, either individually or in the presence of homogenous or heterogeneous peer groups. Results showed that (a) adolescents took significantly more risk when they completed the BART with peers than when they completed the risk taking task individually, (b) boys took significantly more risk when they completed the task with peers than girls but not when they completed the task individually, and (c) boys in “boy-only triads” revealed the strongest risk taking behavior compared with “mixed-girl triads” or “girl-only triads.” These results suggest that boys appear to be more susceptible to the influence of peers on risk taking behavior than girls.
Robust Constrained Learning-based NMPC enabling reliable mobile robot path tracking
Authors: Ostafew Chris J. , Schoellig Angela P. , Barfoot Timothy D.
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a Robust Constrained Learning-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (RC-LB-NMPC) algorithm for path-tracking in off-road terrain. For mobile robots, constraints may represent solid obstacles or localization limits. As a result, constraint satisfaction is required for safety. Constraint satisfaction is typically guaranteed through the use of accurate, a priori models or robust control. However, accurate models are generally not available for off-road operation. Furthermore, robust controllers are often conservative, since model uncertainty is not updated online. In this work our goal is to use learning to generate low-uncertainty, non-parametric models in situ. Based on these models, the predictive controller computes both linear and angular velocities in real-time, such that the robot drives at or near its capabilities while respecting path and localization constraints. Localization for the controller is provided by an on-board, vision-based mapping and navigation system enabling operation in large-scale, off-road environments. The paper presents experimental results, including over 5 km of travel by a 900 kg skid-steered robot at speeds of up to 2.0 m/s. The result is a robust, learning controller that provides safe, conservative control during initial trials when model uncertainty is high and converges to high-performance, optimal control during later trials when model uncertainty is reduced with experience.
Putting mobility theory to work: Conceptualizing employment-related geographical mobility
Authors: Cresswell Tim , Dorow Sara , Roseman Sharon
Published: May 2016

Although the “mobility turn” has captured the critical imaginations of researchers studying an array of topics, its possible contributions to analyses of the spectrum of employment-related geographical mobility have only begun to be defined. Studies of work have engaged with the growing body of mobility theory in limited ways; by the same token, mobilities studies have taken a somewhat narrow and sometimes uncritical view of work, labor, and employment. This article draws on a major interdisciplinary research project into the socio-historical patterns, contexts, and impacts of employment-related geographical mobility in Canada to build a conceptual bridge between these two literatures. We re-visit established bodies of work on migration, work, and political economy and look at new avenues for conceptualizing employment-related geographical mobility. We then examine a case study from the Alberta Oil Sands and suggest an agenda for future research on mobility and work.
On Dying in a City Gate: Implications in the Deaths of Eli, Abner and Jezebel
Authors: Quine Cat
Published: May 2016

Recent research has shown that city gates were a place of judgment, execution, and public displays in ancient Israel and the ancient Near East. This article explores the role of the gate on the literary level in the narratives concerning the deaths of Eli, Abner and Jezebel. It demonstrates how the function of gates in ancient Israel, and the institutions associated with them, allow the narrator to draw on themes of judgment, punishment and order, as well as creating a sense of irony throughout.
Simple expressions of bulk and shear moduli of polymer/clay nanocomposites by Tandon–Weng approach assuming 3D randomly oriented platelets
Authors: Zare Yasser
Published: May 2016

The Tandon–Weng model has been used for polymer nanocomposites in previous reports. However, some complex parameters and questionable accuracy of this model have limited its application. In this work, the original Tandon–Weng models for bulk and shear moduli of isotropic composites containing 3D randomly oriented particles are simplified for polymer/clay nanocomposites. Additionally, the effects of main parameters on the predictions of the simplified models are evaluated. According to the simplified models, the moduli of polymer/clay nanocomposites depend to moduli of polymer matrix and nanoparticles, Poisson ratio of matrix, and nanofiller concentration, while some parameters such as aspect ratio of platelets cannot play a significant role. Also, the similar effects of matrix Poisson ratio and nanofiller concentration on the shear and Young’s moduli are observed, but a different trend is fund for bulk modulus.
Replication Research and Special Education
Authors: Travers Jason C. , Cook Bryan G. , Therrien William J. , Coyne Michael D.
Published: May 2016

Replicating previously reported empirical research is a necessary aspect of an evidence-based field of special education, but little formal investigation into the prevalence of replication research in the special education research literature has been conducted. Various factors may explain the lack of attention to replication of special education intervention research, including emphasis on quantity of publications, esteem for novel findings, and barriers to publishing high-quality studies with null or negative effects. This article introduces the special issue on replication of special education intervention research by first providing an overview of concepts and issues related to replication. Specific attention is then given to replication as it relates to group design and single case experimental design research, two prominent albeit philosophically different empirical methodologies. We then briefly describe how replications using these research designs can be conducted in complementary ways to better understand intervention effects and advance evidence-based practices in special education.
La radicalisation vue par la presse – Fluctuation d’une représentation
Authors: Lafaye Caroline Guibet , Brochard Pierre
Published: May 2016

One of the consequences of the events that occurred in France in January and November 2015, and of the Syrian war is the focus on radicalisation phenomena. Nonetheless these phenomena have a long history as this 1965’ title shows: “Our Republic: Ben Bella is preparing a radicalisation of his regime” ( Le Monde, June 1965). In order to describe the current meanings of the indeterminate concept of radicalisation, we proceed with a systematic analysis of four daily newspapers between 1995-2015, using the Mallet computer program. We distinguish several relevant semantic fields regarding the notion of radicalisation and their temporal variations. We show a restriction of these semantic fields since 2012, leading to a quasi identification between radicalisation and Islamic terrorism.
White Backlash, the ‘Taxpaying’ Public, and Educational Citizenship
Authors: Walsh Camille
Published: May 2016

This article argues that well before the taxpayer revolts of the 1970s, taxpayer identity was a consciously privileged claim that both obscured class divisions among whites and elevated those racialized groups presumed to have higher taxable income to a higher position in claiming citizenship rights. The paper examines hundreds of letters to the Supreme Court defending racial segregation in the wake of the Brown decision from 1954 to 1970, a third of which deployed the purportedly ‘neutral’ language of taxpayer status to argue for the maintenance of the structure of white supremacy and inequality in educational access and resources. In this ‘marketplace of citizenship,’ whiteness was automatically presumed to imply ‘taxpayer,’ a category which was then deployed to claim educational entitlement for white children. Meanwhile, ‘nontaxpayer’ was consistently racialized – regardless of actually taxpaying levels – and treated as a justification for inequality. This article argues that the very question of who can claim an identity as a ‘taxpayer’ (and why they may choose to) is deeply historically racialized and serves to construct people of color as outside the burdens and benefits of citizenship as well as ensuring that the poor more broadly are perpetually insecure in their access to rights claims.
Use of Anticholinergics in the Nursing Home: An Empirical Study and Review
Authors: Seifert Randall , Jamieson John , Gardner Russell
Published: May 2016

The Medicare Utilization Review Committee conducted a survey to determine the use of drugs with anticholinergic effects in confused elderly nursing home patients. Twenty-nine patients (34.5 percent) were receiving anticholinergic drugs, predominantly from the antidepressant and antipsychotic class. Thioridazine (Mellaril) was the most frequently used antipsychotic. No patients received higher than the equivalent recommended daily dose of atropine when calculated in terms of relative anticholinergic potency. No statistically significant correlation could be found between the presence of confusion and the amount of anticholinergics administered. Confusion and cognitive deterioration frequently are encountered when caring for aged patients. Clinical experience and recent studies suggest that anticholinergics may increase the risk of or exacerbate existing confusion, and this possible effect of anticholinergic activity should be considered when prescribing for elderly patients.
Clinical Significance of Magnesium: A Review
Authors: Gums John G.
Published: May 2016

With the increased concern surrounding diuretic-induced electrolyte losses, numerous articles have surfaced investigating the detrimental effects of diuretic-induced hypomagnesemia. This article's purpose is to familiarize the reader with hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Methods of detection, symptoms, etiologies, and potential modes of therapy are discussed. Particular attention is given to the role magnesium plays in the cardiovascular system with additional discussion on lipid alterations and glucose handling. Specific suggestions are given for the inpatient and outpatient treatment of hypomagnesemia.
Tobramycin Elimination Rate Change from First to Later Doses in Older Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Horner Gary W. , Stempel David A.
Published: May 2016

Adults with cystic fibrosis frequently require larger than usual tobramycin dosages in order to achieve desired serum concentrations. The application of dosing methods utilizing first-dose pharmacokinetics has been advocated as a means for rapidly attaining therapeutic serum concentrations.

Review of ten cystic fibrosis patients between ages 13 and 33 years admitted for exacerbation of pulmonary disease caused primarily by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Staphylococcus aureus in two patients) was conducted. Elimination rate constant (ke, h−1) was calculated from two concentration-time pairs obtained following the first dose. Two concentration-time pairs were again measured between cumulative doses (n) 7 to 19, and ke was calculated. First dose ke varied significantly from nth dose ke (p = 0.018).

First-dose pharmacokinetic analysis may not be a reliable predictor of maintenance tobramycin dosage requirements due to apparent changes in ke over time.
Factors Influencing the Transit of a Gelatin Capsule in the Esophagus
Authors: Bailey Robert T. , Bonavina Luigi , McChesney Lawrence , Spires Kelly J. , Muilenburg Mark I. , McGill James E. , DeMeester Tom R.
Published: May 2016

The tendency of a gelatin capsule to lodge in the esophagus, dissolve, and release its contents, as a potential etiology of drug-induced esophageal injury, was studied in 18 asymptomatic volunteers. Their ages ranged from 21 to 81 years, with nine subjects over 70 years old. Esophageal transit time of liquids was measured in all subjects after which the esophageal transit time of a #00 gelatin capsule containing technetium (99mTc) sulfur colloid was measured with a 120 ml and a 15 ml water bolus. The capsule lodged in three subjects (17 percent) with the 120 ml bolus and in 11 subjects (61 percent) with the 15 ml bolus. Esophageal manometry demonstrated a lower mean amplitude of esophageal contractions in subjects in whom the capsule lodged with the 120 ml bolus and in the elderly subjects.

We conclude that the esophageal transit time of a gelatin capsule is related to the volume of fluid chaser. Our findings that a lower amplitude of esophageal contractions was associated with elderly patients and those in whom the capsule lodged with the large fluid bolus are worthy of further investigation.
Plasma Amino Acids in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Christensen Michael L. , Burgess Julienne , Helms Richard A. , Mirro Joseph , Kalwinsky David K. , Storm Michael C.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To assess the effect of parenteral amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) receiving parenteral nutrition (PN).

Design

Ten patients were studied at diagnosis, on the morning PN was started, and three times during PN therapy coinciding with the sequential administration of three different amino acid solutions (Aminosyn, FreAmine HBC, and TrophAmine). The order of amino acid solution administration in each patient was by a randomized, block design.

Results

The patients were undergoing identical intensive induction therapy. There was no significant difference in the number of days they received PN or the amount of protein or calories received during the three PN study periods. At diagnosis, phenylalanine and glutamic acid concentrations were elevated compared with previously published normal values and remained elevated at all observation times. During PN, asparagine, aspartic acid, and tyrosine concentrations were significantly lower with all three amino acid solutions compared with their concentrations at diagnosis. Glycine and threonine concentrations were also significantly lower with FreAmine HBC and TrophAmine administration and cysteine concentrations were significantly lower with FreAmine HBC administration than at the time of diagnosis. Aminosyn was associated with plasma amino acid concentrations most similar to those measured at diagnosis.

Conclusions

These results indicate that most amino acid concentrations fall within the normal range at diagnosis in the ANLL patients studied. Plasma concentrations for certain amino acids can be influenced by the amino acid solution used in PN. Further understanding of the derangements in amino acid metabolism and the influence of parenterally administered amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations may lead to improvements in the nutritional support of cancer patients.
Isoniazid-Associated Psychosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pallone Karen A. , Goldman Morton P. , Fuller Matthew A.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To describe a case of isoniazid-associated psychosis and review the incidence of this adverse effect.

Data Sources

Information about the patient was obtained from the medical chart. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature published from 1950 to 1992 was conducted and Index Medicus was manually searched for current information.

Study Selection

All case reports describing isoniazid-associated psychosis were reviewed.

Data Extraction

Studies were evaluated for the use of isoniazid, symptoms of psychosis, onset of symptoms, and dosage of isoniazid.

Data Synthesis

The case report is compared with others reported in the literature. The incidence of isoniazid-associated psychosis is rare.

Conclusions

The mechanism of isoniazid-associated psychosis is uncertain. It appears that isoniazid was associated with the psychosis evident in our patient and in the cases reviewed.
Hypersensitivity Reactions Associated with Parenteral Nutrition: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nagata Marianne J.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To report a case of a hypersensitivity reaction to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and to review the available literature on this rare adverse effect.

Case Summary

The reaction occurred in a 52-year-old woman with pancreatic carcinoma who received intravenous metronidazole, tobramycin, vancomycin, ranitidine, morphine, TPN, and lipid emulsion postoperatively. Within 30 minutes of starting the TPN and lipid emulsion, the patient complained of dyspnea and pruritus. She began hyperventilating and was hypoxic. The reaction resolved after discontinuation of the TPN and lipid emulsion. The reaction recurred when lipid-free TPN was initiated on two subsequent occasions, and resolved spontaneously following the discontinuation of the lipid-free TPN. The antibiotics, ranitidine, and morphine therapy were continued with no further adverse effects and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 17.

Discussion

Case reports in the literature on TPN-related hypersensitivity reactions were reviewed. It was speculated that the multivitamin preparation (MVI) may have been the causative agent in our patient; however, this was not confirmed by MVI-free TPN administration or by epicutaneous allergy testing.

Conclusions

Hypersensitivity reactions to TPN can be managed by withholding the TPN and treating with antihistamines if needed until the reaction resolves. Identification, possibly by epicutaneous allergy testing, and removal of the offending agent(s) from the TPN is necessary if TPN therapy must be restarted.
Nurses’ Performance of Inhalation Technique with Metered-Dose Inhaler plus Spacer Device
Authors: Self Timothy H. , Kelso Tiffany M. , Arheart Kristopher L. , Morgan Joyce H. , Meduri G. Umberto
Published: May 2016

Objective

To determine if nurses could correctly use a metered-dose inhaler plus spacer (MDI–spacer) device after a brief description and demonstration of proper use by a clinical pharmacist.

Design

Pretest, educational intervention, posttest.

Setting

University hospital.

Participants

Twenty-three nurses.

Interventions

Nurses were asked to use the MDI-spacer (Aerochamber) and were scored using a nine-point checklist (pretest). Educational intervention by the clinical pharmacist consisted of a five-minute discussion and correct demonstration of the device. Nurses were then asked to use the device again (posttest).

Main Outcome Measures

Pre- and posttest scores.

Results

Total scores were improved after the educational intervention (66 percent pretest vs. 88 percent posttest, p=0.0001). In an item analysis, four of the nine steps had improved significantly.

Conclusions

A brief discussion and demonstration of correct use of MDI–spacers is effective in improving nurses’ skill in using the device.
Vancomycin and Tobramycin Clearance in an Infant during Continuous Hemofiltration
Authors: Armstrong Deborah K. , Hidalgo Hanneli A. , Eldadah Maher , Reed MICHAEL D.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To report a case of vancomycin and tobramycin clearance by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration in an infant. Hemofiltration clearance (ClHF) was calculated by two methods and compared for ease and reliability.

Methodology

Case report of a hospitalized four-month-old infant With method A, ClHF calculation for vancomycin and tobramycin was determined by accurate collection of ultrafiltrate in five 24-hour periods and a midpoint serum sample. With method B, C1HF calculation was determined by obtaining prefilter sample, postfilter sample, and blood flow through filter (Fick principle) over three study periods, correlating to three of five study periods in method A.

Results

The infant received continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. With method A, vancomycin C1HF ranged from 0.27 to 0.80 mL/min; tobramycin C1HF ranged from 0.32 to 0.91 mL/min. With method B, ClHF for vancomycin ranged from 0 to 2.08 mL/min. Tobramycin ClHF ranged from 0 to 1.6 mL/min when calculated with method B.

Conclusions

Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration increased the clearance of vancomycin and tobramycin requiring dosage modifications. It appears that method A, which uses the ultrafiltration concentration compared with the serum concentration is more accurate than method B, as it averages fluctuations in ultrafiltrate flow rates. Method B compares a single pre- to postfilter drug concentration and relies on an accurate measurement of ultrafiltration flow rate. Determining ClHF based upon one point in time may overestimate ClHF when the ultrafiltration flow rate varies, as it does in the critically ill. Daily serum concentrations for vancomycin and tobramycin are recommended during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration.
Long-Term Effects of Sports Concussions: Bridging the Neurocognitive Repercussions of the Injury with the Newest Neuroimaging Data
Authors: Henry Luke C. , Tremblay Sebastien , De Beaumont Louis
Published: May 2016

Little is known of the long-term effects of sports-related concussion. Within the scientific literature, conclusions vary substantially where some work suggests there are no long-term consequences at all and other studies show rampant neurodegeneration thought to be caused by sometimes even a single concussive blow to the head. There is growing evidence that supports multiple long-term outcomes, showing both subclinical and clinically relevant changes in the brains of athletes, young and old alike. This article reviews the pathohistology of cerebral concussions and examines the extant literature with a focus on electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings. Neurobehavioral and neurocognitive changes are also reviewed, particularly as they are related to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Lacunae within the literature are explored, and future research directions are proposed.
Aqueous ozone solutions for pesticide removal from potatoes
Authors: Heleno Fernanda F , de Queiroz Maria Eliana LR , Faroni Lêda RA , Neves Antônio A , de Oliveira André F , Costa Luiz PL , Pimenta Gustavo G
Published: May 2016

The presence of pesticide residues in potatoes is of concern because of the potential impact to human health due to the high consumption of this vegetable. In this study, aqueous solutions with and without ozone saturation as postharvest wash treatment at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 were tested to remove chlorothalonil from potatoes. The method used for pesticide analysis has been validated, presenting recovery values of 94–103%, with variations in the repeatability coefficients of ≤10.6%, and a quantification limit of 0.05 mg kg−1. Regardless of pH, treatment with aqueous ozone solutions removed 70–76% of the pesticide present in the potato. In the no-ozone treatments, the percentage average removal of chlorothalonil residues in potatoes was only 36%. Over 24 days of storage, the quality of potatoes washed with aqueous ozone solutions was not significantly different from those washed with pure water.
Impact sound insulation of wooden joist constructions: Collection of laboratory measurements and trend analysis
Authors: Homb Anders , Guigou-Carter Catherine , Hagberg Klas , Schmid Hansueli
Published: May 2016

Wooden building systems are becoming more common. Still, there are a huge variety of floor assemblies in the market. The floor assemblies normally become the weakest part due to impact load from walking persons. So far, there are no reliable standardized calculation models available regarding prediction of impact sound in the entire frequency range. Therefore, the design is always based upon previous experiences and available measurements. For the development of prediction models, the first approach is to carry out a grouping of various available floor assemblies. From that, the aim is to trace similarities and carry out simplifications. Correlation is found between the single number [Formula: see text] and the mass per unit area. It is also found that the ceiling system is useful in order to optimize the construction. The data will be further processed and used in the model development and to propose optimization of wooden floor assemblies.
Disrupting gatekeeping practices: Journalists’ source selection in times of crisis
Authors: van der Meer Toni G.L.A. , Verhoeven Piet , Beentjes Johannes W.J. , Vliegenthart Rens
Published: May 2016

As gatekeepers, journalists have the power to select the sources that get a voice in crisis coverage. The aim of this study is to find out how journalists select sources during a crisis. In a survey, journalists were asked how they assess the following sources during an organizational crisis: news agencies, an organization undergoing a crisis, and the general public. The sample consisted of 214 Dutch experienced journalists who at least once covered a crisis. Using structural equation modeling, sources’ likelihood of being included in the news was predicted using five source characteristics: credibility, knowledge, willingness, timeliness, and the relationship with the journalist. Findings indicated that during a crisis, news agencies are most likely to be included in the news, followed by the public, and finally the organization. The significance of the five source characteristics is dependent on source type. For example, to be used in the news, news agencies and organizations should be mainly evaluated as knowledgeable, whereas information from the public should be both credible and timely. In addition, organizations should not be seen as too willing or too eager to communicate. The findings imply that, during a crisis, journalists remain critical gatekeepers; however, they rely mainly on familiar sources.
Antecedents of strategic game framing in political news coverage
Authors: Schmuck Desirée , Heiss Raffael , Matthes Jörg , Engesser Sven , Esser Frank
Published: May 2016

The use of strategic game framing is predominant in mainstream news reporting of politics. Nevertheless, systematic research on the specific antecedents of strategic game framing – especially in non-electoral periods – is scarce. Against this background, this quantitative content analysis of print, TV and online news investigates the antecedents of strategic game framing in a non-electoral context in two Western European countries – Austria and Switzerland. The study focuses on media type, online versus offline editions, and content-related variables as antecedents of the media’s framing of political news. Findings reveal that the highly competitive online environment, opinionated story types and issues focusing on the functioning of democracy fuel the use of the strategic game frame in political news coverage in non-electoral times. Furthermore, the results indicate that content-related predictors moderate the influence of media-related antecedents such as newspaper type. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Parental socialization and the consumption of domestic films, books and music
Authors: Meuleman Roza , Lubbers Marcel , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: May 2016

By innovatively combining insights from research on cultural consumption, socialization and nationalism, this study is one of the first empirical studies to shed more light on role of parental socialization in domestic and foreign cultural consumption of films, books and music. Similar to previous studies on parental socialization of highbrow and lowbrow cultural consumption, parents’ cultural socialization when respondents were in their formative years (i.e. parental domestic cultural consumption) is relevant for respondents’ domestic and foreign cultural consumption later in life. Parents’ national behaviour during their children’s formative years is related to the respondents’ positive nationalist attitudes, which, in turn, is associated with respondents’ domestic film and music consumption. Parental socialization plays a less important role in domestic book consumption, indicating that in less diverse cultural markets, other socialization influences (such as school) might be playing a role as well. Adding to the debate on the influence of parental socialization over the life course, we found indications that the effects of parental socialization on domestic consumption were weaker for older compared to younger people. This suggests the importance of parental socialization and the varying ways in which it is associated with domestic cultural consumption.
Dynamic optimization of tracked vehicle power train based on torsional vibration analysis
Authors: Fu Shengping , Li Shengbo , Luo Ning , Elena Mishchenko
Published: May 2016

Aiming at the vehicle power train, system dynamic optimization is profoundly studied based on the system torsional vibration characteristics analysis. First, based on the concentrated mass method, the general torsional vibration model of vehicle power train is established and solved after parameters’ (inertia, stiffness, and damping) matrix and mathematic constraint conditions are acquired. Furthermore, both free vibration and forced vibration characteristics are analyzed. Second, the effects of the coupling stiffness on the dynamics behaviors of power train are thoroughly analyzed. The sensitivity analysis procedure is explored. And sensitivity models of both free and forced vibration feature parameters are deduced. Finally, dynamic optimization theory model and program are constructed based on genetic algorithm. The optimization results indicate that the proposed optimization method could contribute to the sharp attenuation of system torsional vibration.
Assistive computer input device for muscular atrophy patients
Authors: Tsai Pu-Sheng , Wu Ter-Feng , Hu Nien-Tsu , Chen Jen-Yang
Published: May 2016

This article is aimed at people who suffer from muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A webcam captures images of the user’s head, and the computer then processes these images to calculate and transform the swinging direction and distance of the user’s head into the position of the mouse cursor and into the action of clicking the mouse. To accurately and quickly recognize these features, this article used a round sticker with a diameter of 1 cm as an identification label, which is stuck on the user’s forehead. After the webcam captures the images, the program can recognize the positions of the identification label and move the mouse cursor. Through Windows API, this article determined the user’s intention and action of clicking the mouse on the basis of a series of movements to control the mouse cursor. As confirmed by the experimental results, the proposed assisted computer entry device for muscular atrophy patients is applicable and gives good results for the e-book reading program, use of the web browser, and the execution of the application software and mini-games developed by this system structure.
Fan blade crack diagnosis method study
Authors: Fu Sheng , Gao Yinbo
Published: May 2016

This article presents a discrete mathematical model for fan blades and theoretically analyses the mathematical relationship between the location and depth of crack and fan blade natural frequency. On the basis of the blade mathematical model, using the theoretical computed natural frequency as the fault feature, this article proposes a fast and efficient fan blade crack fault diagnosis method. Transfer matrix method is used to calculate the first three-order blade natural frequencies under different crack cases and then to build the database in MATLAB. Subsequently, the damaged blade can be detected using changes in natural frequencies by solving the reverse problem. The experimental result shows that this discrete mathematical model can get the exact solution of natural frequency, and the method has certain application value.
Evaluating the efficacy of the education and training program of the TCPS 2
Authors: Stockley Denise , Kinderman Laura , Egan Rylan , Lam Chi Yan , Hastings Amber
Published: May 2016

In 2011, the Secretariat on Responsible Conduct of Research launched a set of educational opportunities to facilitate and enhance the dissemination of TCPS 2, the 2nd edition of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (2010), which guides Canadian research ethics. Three educational modalities were implemented to aid participants in developing or refining their ethical understanding and practice: (i) Regional Workshops, which brought together diverse disciplinary perspectives; (ii) the CORE tutorial, which enabled individuals to discover the various aspects and applications of the Policy; and (iii) Webinars, which provided participants with the opportunity to explore deeper dimensions of research ethics. This article reports on the findings of a national program evaluation team which measured the effectiveness of the educational program and provided recommendations for future opportunities.
Insomnia and dementia: is agomelatine treatment helpful? Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Altınyazar Vesile , Kiylioglu Nefati
Published: May 2016

The treatment of sleep disorders in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be quite challenging in elderly patients because of drug side effects or interactions and comorbid local or systemic diseases. Here, we report a patient with AD, who was suffering from severe insomnia and depression. We ordered agomelatine for the treatment of insomnia in this patient, and it was quite helpful not only for insomnia but also for depression and for the cognitive symptoms related with dementia. Our aim was to share these observations for similar patients.
The Social Media Paradox Explained: Comparing Political Parties’ Facebook Strategy Versus Practice
Authors: Kalsnes Bente
Published: May 2016

Political parties’ interaction strategy and practice on Facebook is the topic of this article. Political parties and individual politicians can use social media to bypass media and communicate directly with voters through websites and particularly social media platforms such as Facebook. But previous research has demonstrated that interaction on social media is challenging for political parties. This study examines the disparity between interaction strategy and online responsiveness and finds that political parties identify three clear disadvantages when communicating with voters online: online reputation risk, negative media attention, and limited resources. In addition, the authenticity requirement many parties adhere to is creating a “social media interaction deadlock,” which is increasing the disparity between the parties’ expressed strategy and online performance. This study compares major and minor political parties’ interaction strategy during the 2013 national election in Norway and combines interviews of political communication directors with an innovative method to collect Facebook interaction data.
The Impact of Police Deployment on Racial Disparities in Discretionary Searches
Authors: Briggs Steven J. , Keimig Kelsey A.
Published: May 2016

A large and growing body of research finds racial disparities in discretionary searches of drivers during traffic stops with Black drivers disproportionately involved in these investigations. Among the explanations for these disparities is the deployment hypothesis which suggests that as police departments increasingly adopt hot spots policing strategies, proactive traffic stops and discretionary searches may spatially cluster around crime hot spots contributing to racial disparities. The present study builds on the existing research literature by identifying hot spots using reported crime data from a police department and examining whether these crime hot spots function as a mediating factor to the relationship between driver race and discretionary searches. Findings provide partial support for the deployment hypothesis. While nearly half of all traffic stops transpired within one quarter mile of hot spots and more frequently involved Black drivers, stops involving Black drivers remained more likely to include discretionary searches and increased concomitantly with distance from the nearest hot spot.
The Effects of Inhaled β-Adrenergic Agonists in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Authors: Keleş Esengul , Gebeşçe Arzu , Demirdöven Mehmet , Yazgan Hamza , Baştürk Bülent , Tonbul Alparslan
Published: May 2016

Aim. To investigate the efficacy of an inhaled β-adrenergic agonists in transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). Method. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 51 term infants (Group 1) and 37 term infants (Group 2) monitored in the newborn intensive care unit diagnosed with TTN. Infants in Group 1 received humidified oxygen alone, and infants in Group 2 were administered the inhaled β-2 agonist plus humidified oxygen. Results. TTN clinical respiratory assessment, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation values, need for supplemental oxygen therapy, blood gas PH, PO2, and duration of hospitalization were significantly improved in infants in Group 2 as compared with infants in Group 1 ( P < .05). No statistically significant difference was observed with regard to blood glucose, potassium, heart rate, and PCO2 ( P > .05). Conclusion. Inhaled β-adrenergic agonist added to humidified oxygen was found to improve clinical and laboratory parameters. We believe that further studies should be conducted with larger groups to demonstrate the efficacy of β-2 agonists in TTN patients.