bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPÇÃO DA PRESENÇA DOS OUTROS CONSUMIDORES E SUA RELAÇÃO COM EMOÇÕES E VALOR HEDÔNICO DE COMPRA
Authors: Aguiar Edvan Cruz , Farias Salomão Alencar de
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Este artigo investiga a relação da percepção da presença de outros clientes com as emoções e o valor hedônico, resultantes da compra em ambiente de varejo popular. Por meio de um levantamento com 247 clientes e uso de modelagem de equações estruturais, os resultados indicam um efeito significativo da presença de outros consumidores sobre as respostas individuais do consumidor durante o processo de compra. O estudo traz uma contribuição importante para a área acadêmica do comportamento do consumidor em ambientes de varejo, uma vez que a validação da escala Other Customers Perception (OCP) no varejo tradicional amplia as possibilidades de uma melhor compreensão do impacto da dimensão social do ambiente varejista em uma variedade de contextos. Ele também apoia o argumento de que a experiência de consumo envolve mais do que uma simples avaliação do desempenho do varejista, chamando a atenção para os fatores sociais constitutivos do ambiente de varejo.
Impact of long-stay beds on the performance of a tertiary hospital in emergencies
Authors: Pazin-Filho Antonio , Almeida Edna de , Cirilo Leni Peres , Lourençato Frederica Montanari , Baptista Lisandra Maria , Pintyá José Paulo , Capeli Ronaldo Dias , Silva Sonia Maria Pirani Felix da , Wolf Claudia Maria , Dinardi Marcelo Marcos , Scarpelini Sandro , Damasceno Maria Cecília
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of implementing long-stay beds for patients of low complexity and high dependency in small hospitals on the performance of an emergency referral tertiary hospital. METHODS For this longitudinal study, we identified hospitals in three municipalities of a regional department of health covered by tertiary care that supplied 10 long-stay beds each. Patients were transferred to hospitals in those municipalities based on a specific protocol. The outcome of transferred patients was obtained by daily monitoring. Confounding factors were adjusted by Cox logistic and semiparametric regression. RESULTS Between September 1, 2013 and September 30, 2014, 97 patients were transferred, 72.1% male, with a mean age of 60.5 years (SD = 1.9), for which 108 transfers were performed. Of these patients, 41.7% died, 33.3% were discharged, 15.7% returned to tertiary care, and only 9.3% tertiary remained hospitalized until the end of the analysis period. We estimated the Charlson comorbidity index – 0 (n = 28 [25.9%]), 1 (n = 31 [56.5%]) and ≥ 2 (n = 19 [17.5%]) – the only variable that increased the chance of death or return to the tertiary hospital (Odds Ratio = 2.4; 95%CI 1.3;4.4). The length of stay in long-stay beds was 4,253 patient days, which would represent 607 patients at the tertiary hospital, considering the average hospital stay of seven days. The tertiary hospital increased the number of patients treated in 50.0% for Intensive Care, 66.0% for Neurology and 9.3% in total. Patients stayed in long-stay beds mainly in the first 30 (50.0%) and 60 (75.0%) days. CONCLUSIONS Implementing long-stay beds increased the number of patients treated in tertiary care, both in general and in system bottleneck areas such as Neurology and Intensive Care. The Charlson index of comorbidity is associated with the chance of patient death or return to tertiary care, even when adjusted for possible confounding factors.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY AND SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF CHAGAS DISEASE SEVERITY
Authors: BRAVO-TOBAR Iván Darío , NELLO-PÉREZ Carlota , FERNÁNDEZ Alí , MOGOLLÓN Nora , PÉREZ Mary Carmen , VERDE Juan , CONCEPCIÓN Juan Luis , RODRIGUEZ-BONFANTE Claudina , BONFANTE-CABARCAS Rafael
Published: November 2015

SUMMARY Chagas disease is a public health problem worldwide. The availability of diagnostic tools to predict the development of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Here we analyze the prognostic value of adenosine deaminase serum activity (ADA) and C-reactive protein serum levels (CRP) in chagasic individuals. One hundred and ten individuals, 28 healthy and 82 chagasic patients were divided according to disease severity in phase I (n = 35), II (n = 29), and III (n = 18). A complete medical history, 12-lead electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and M-mode echocardiogram were performed on each individual. Diagnosis of Chagas disease was confirmed by ELISA and MABA using recombinant antigens; ADA was determined spectrophotometrically and CRP by ELISA. The results have shown that CRP and ADA increased linearly in relation to disease phase, CRP being significantly higher in phase III and ADA at all phases. Also, CRP and ADA were positively correlated with echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling and with electrocardiographic abnormalities, and negatively with ejection fraction. CRP and ADA were higher in patients with cardiothoracic index ≥ 50%, while ADA was higher in patients with ventricular repolarization disturbances. Finally, CRP was positively correlated with ADA. In conclusion, ADA and CRP are prognostic markers of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in Chagas disease.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL, AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF Talinum paniculatum
Authors: REIS Luis F.C. DOS , CERDEIRA Cláudio D. , PAULA Bruno F. DE , SILVA Jeferson J. da , COELHO Luiz F.L. , SILVA Marcelo A. , MARQUES Vanessa B.B. , CHAVASCO Jorge K. , ALVES-DA-SILVA Geraldo
Published: November 2015

SUMMARY In this study, the bioactivity of Talinum paniculatum was evaluated, a plant widely used in folk medicine. The extract from the T. paniculatum leaves (LE) was obtained by percolation with ethanol-water and then subjecting it to liquid-liquid partitions, yielding hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH), and aqueous (Aq) fractions. Screening for antimicrobial activity of the LE and its fractions was evaluated in vitro through broth microdilution method, against thirteen pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms, and the antimycobacterial activity was performed through agar diffusion assay. The cytotoxic concentrations (CC90) for LE, HX, and EtOAc were obtained on BHK-21 cells by using MTT reduction assay. The LE showed activity against Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, HX demonstrated outstanding activity against Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans with a MIC of 31.2 µg/mL in both cases. The MIC for EtOAc also was 31.2 µg/mL against Escherichia coli. Conversely, BuOH and Aq were inactive against all tested microorganisms and LE proved inactive against Mycobacterium tuberculosisand Mycobacterium bovisas well. Campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol were the proposed structures as main compounds present in the EF and HX/EtOAc fractions, evidenced by mass spectrometry. Therefore, LE, HX, and EtOAc from T. paniculatumshowed potential as possible sources of antimicrobial compounds, mainly HX, for presenting low toxicity on BHK-21 cells with excellent Selectivity Index (SI = CC90/MIC) of 17.72 against C. albicans.
PREVALENCE OF CHAGAS DISEASE IN A RURAL AREA IN THE STATE OF CEARA, BRAZIL
Authors: FREITAS Erlane Chaves , OLIVEIRA Maria de Fátima , ANDRADE Mônica Coelho , VASCONCELOS Arduina Sofia Ortet de Barros , SILVA FILHO José Damião da , CÂNDIDO Darlan da Silva , PEREIRA Laíse dos Santos , CORREIA João Paulo Ramalho , CRUZ José Napoleão Monte da , CAVALCANTI Luciano Pamplona de Góes
Published: November 2015

SUMMARY Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects about two to three million people in Brazil, still figuring as an important public health problem. A study was conducted in a rural area of the municipality of Limoeiro do Norte - CE, northeastern Brazil, aiming to determine the prevalence of T. cruzi infection. Of the inhabitants, 52% were examined, among whom 2.6% (4/154) were seropositive in at least two serological tests. All seropositive individuals were older than 50 years, farmers, with a low education and a family income of less than three minimum wages. Active surveillance may be an alternative for early detection of this disease.
GEOGRAPHICAL EXPANSION OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: SILVA Denise Amaro da , MADEIRA Maria de Fátima , FIGUEIREDO Fabiano Borges
Published: November 2015

SUMMARY Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease that affects humans, and domestic and wild animals. It is caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn = Leishmania chagasi). The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main reservoir of the etiologic agent of VL in domestic and peridomestic environments. In the past three years, although control actions involving domestic dogs are routinely performed in endemic areas of the Rio de Janeiro State, new cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) have been reported in several municipalities. The objective of this short communication was to describe the geographical expansion of CVL in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, through its reports in the scientific literature and studies performed by our group. From 2010 to 2013, autochthonous and allochthonous cases of CVL were reported in the municipalities of Mangaratiba, Marica, Niteroi, Barra Mansa, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Volta Redonda, Resende and Rio de Janeiro. These reports demonstrate that CVL is in intense geographical expansion around the state; therefore, a joint effort by public agencies, veterinarians and researchers is needed in order to minimize and/or even prevent the dispersion of this disease.
Método FAMACHA para detectar anemia clínica causada por Haemonchus contortus em cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas em lactação
Authors: Fernandes Maria Angela M. , Gilaverte Susana , Buzatti Andréia , Sprenger Lew K. , Silva Cláudio J.A. , Peres Mylena T.P. , Molento Marcelo B. , Monteiro Alda L.G.
Published: November 2015

Resumo: O controle das endoparasitoses gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantes tem sido tradicionalmente realizado por meio do uso indiscriminado dos anti-helmínticos, porém essa prática tem resultado em grande pressão de seleção de parasitas resistentes. Métodos seletivos (ex: FAMACHA/FMC e contagem de ovos nas fezes/OPG) e que apresentem boa sensibilidade para identificar os animais que necessitam receber o tratamento químico são importantes alternativas aos métodos tradicionais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade do método FMC, usado para detectar anemia causada por Haemonchus contortus em ovinos da raça Suffolk, em duas categorias de alta suscetibilidade; cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas durante a fase de lactação. A conjuntiva ocular de 42 cordeiros lactentes e 35 ovelhas em lactação foi avaliada usando o método FMC, em intervalos de 14 dias, durante cinco meses. O hematócrito (Ht) foi utilizado como padrão-ouro para avaliação clínica de anemia dos animais. Para o cálculo de sensibilidade e especificidade, diferentes critérios foram utilizados: animais classificados como 4 e 5 ou 3, 4 e 5 e anêmicos pelo Ht (teste positivo); animais classificados como 1, 2 e 3 ou 1 e 2 e não anêmicos pelo Ht (teste negativo). Três valores de corte para Ht (≤22%, ≤19% ou ≤15%) foram utilizados para confirmar a anemia. Entre os gêneros observados nas coproculturas, H. contortus (61,5%) e Ostertagiasp (21,3%) foram os mais prevalentes. Em ambas as categorias, a inclusão do FMC 3 como teste positivo, elevou a sensibilidade mas reduziu a especificidade do método. Quando o FMC 3 foi considerado anêmico, o percentual de falsos negativos foi próximo a zero, no entanto, houve aumento no número de tratamentos aplicados em animais não anêmicos (falso positivo). Durante as avaliações, a maior parte dos cordeiros (73%) e das ovelhas (53%) permaneceu nas categorias de FMC 1 e 2. Apenas 5% dos cordeiros e 8% das ovelhas foram classificados com os dois maiores graus de anemia (FMC 4 e 5). Os resultados indicam que o FMC pode ser utilizado para identificar os cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas em fase de lactação com sinais clínicos de anemia decorrentes da infecção por H. contortus. Para ambas as categorias, foi necessário incluir o FMC 3 como positivo para aumentar a sensibilidade do método; reduzindo o risco de morte de animais anêmicos não diagnosticados (falsos negativos).
Relationship between weight, age and hatching success and the concentration of heavy metals in nestling blue macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Latham, 1790) in the Pantanal,Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Marchesi Marina Drago , Rossi João L. , Guedes Neiva M.R. , Carneiro Maria Tereza W.D. , Endringer Denise C. , Camargo Filho Claudio Barberini
Published: November 2015

Abstract: The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) was evaluated in the blood of nestling blue macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) captured in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul (n=26) in 2012; this was based on the hypothesis that these birds exhibit levels of these heavy metals in their organism and that these interfere in hatching success, weight and age of the chicks. Blood samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and the quantification of metals was performed by ICP-OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma). Blood samples of nestlings showed concentrations of Cr (0.10μg/g) Fe (3.06μg/g) Al (3.46μg/g), Cd (0.25μg/g) Cu (0.74μg/g), Mo (0.33μg/g), Ni (0.61μg/g), Se (0.98μg/g), and Zn (2.08μg/g). The levels of heavy metals found were not associated with weight, age and hatching success of the chicks.
Serological monitoring of antibodies for an early diagnosis ofaspergillosis in captive penguins
Authors: Cabana Ângela L. , Xavier Melissa O. , Poester Vanice , Klafke Gabriel B. , B.Filho Pedro L. , Martins Aryse , S.Filho Rodolfo P. , Meireles Mário C.A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of detection of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies in captive penguins by double radial agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for the aspergillosis diagnosis. We included 134 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in rehabilitation at the Center for Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM / FURG). All of them were monitored by AGID weekly until its final destination (death or release), totalizing 660 serum samples studied. All animals were clinically accompanied and post-mortem examinations was performed in penguins that died during the studied period. A total of 28% (37/134) of the penguins died, 89.2% (33/37) due to aspergillosis, 11% (4/37) by other causes and 97 were released. From the 33 animals with proven aspergillosis, 21 presented anti- A. fumigatus antibodies by AGID, being the average interval between death and positive AGID 16.4 days. Twelve animals with negative serology died of aspergillosis. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 63.6% and 95% respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 80.7% and 88.9% respectively. These data demonstrate that the serological monitoring for detection of antibodies by AGID can be an important tool for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in penguins.
Accidental and experimental Closantel intoxication in Uruguayan sheep
Authors: Rivero Rodolfo , Matto Carolina , Soares Mauro Pereira , Adrien María de Lourdes
Published: November 2015

Abstract An outbreak of Closantel intoxication in sheep in Uruguay is described. The outbreak occurred in a group of 1300 weaning lambs treated orally with a 10% solution of Closantel. One hundred forty eight lambs showed clinical signs of intoxication and 14 died. The clinical signs included mydriasis, nystagmus, and negative pupillary reflex, bilateral blindness, bump into objects, and lateral movement of the head. No macroscopic lesions were observed. The histological lesions of the retina were cytoplasmic vacuolization in ganglion cells and in cells of the inner and outer nuclear layers with different degrees of atrophy. Vacuolization and axonal degeneration were observed in the optic nerve, with multifocal areas of fibrosis and infiltration by lymphocytes and Gitter cells. To reproduce the intoxication, four sheep were given two, four and 10 times the therapeutic dose of Closantel (0.1g/kg of BW). Only the animals receiving 10 times the recommended dose showed clinical signs. The histological examination of the lesions in experimental sheep showed similar results to those described in the accidental outbreak, except for the absence of optic nerve fibrosis and inflammation, characterizing an acute phase. Axonal myelin sheaths loss, fibroblasts and collagen fibers were observed in the ultrastructural study of the optic nerve of accidental intoxicated animals. The optic nerve of experimentally intoxicated animals had vacuoles that separated the myelin sheaths of axons. To prevent outbreaks it is suggested to weigh the animals before Closantel administration to avoid errors in dose calculation.
Resistance to β-lactam and tetracycline in Campylobacter spp.isolated from broiler slaughterhouses in southern Brazil
Authors: Sierra-Arguello Yuli M. , Morgan Rafaela B. , Perdoncini Gustavo , Lima Leonardo M. , Gomes Marcos José P. , Nascimento Vladimir Pinheiro do
Published: November 2015

Abstract The study was carried out to screen and analyze the genetic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from poultry sources. A total of 141 strains of Campylobacter isolated from samples of broilers of slaughterhouses in southern Brazil was identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Campylobacter isolates were evaluated for its antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes. The strains were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility against two agents (ampicillin and tetracycline) by disk diffusion method. PCR assay was used to confirm the specie and the presence of ampicillin (blaOXA-61), tetracycline tet(O), and the energy-dependent multi-drug efflux pump (cmeB) genes. Campylobacter jejuni was the most ubiquitous; its presence was determined in 140 samples out of 141 (99.3%), whereas Campylobacter coli was found only in one of the contaminated samples (0.70%). The results obtained showed 65% and 35.5% of Campylobacter isolates resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines, respectively. The cmeB gene responsible for multidrug resistance was detected in 26 isolates out 141 strains (18.5%). Moreover, 36 out of 141 Campylobacter strains (25.6%) were found to be resistant to at least two different antimicrobia resistance markers (β-lactams and tetracyclines).
Avaliação dos efeitos de 5-hidroxitriptofano em-hidroxibenzilhidrazine associados a Lactobacillus spp. na morfometria intestinal e imunomarcação de serotonina em frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteridis
Authors: Donato Taís C. , Baptista Ana Angelita S. , Smaniotto Bruna D. , Garcia Keila C.O.D. , Okamoto Adriano S. , Sequeira Julio L. , Andreatti Filho Raphael L.
Published: November 2015

Resumo As células enterocromafins são um dos componentes da mucosa intestinal que liberam serotonina para o lúmen, promovendo atividades secretórias e crescimento celular de vários tecidos, incluindo vilosidades intestinais. O presente estudo avaliou as influências do 5-hidroxitriptofano (5HTP) e do m-hidroxibenzilhidrazine (NSD1015), associados a Lactobacillus spp., sobre o peso corporal e o desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais na porção proximal do duodeno de frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteritidis. Verificou-se também se a presença de Lactobacillus spp. e Salmonella Enteritidis influenciaram a imunomarcação de serotonina no duodeno e, para isso, o estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos, com e sem desafio por S. Enteritidis. No Experimento 1, em aves sem desafio, os pesos corporais não diferiram significantemente (p>0,05) e, no Experimento 2, aves com desafio, os tratamentos com o precursor isolado e associado a Lactobacillus spp. determinaram maior peso corporal das aves. Nos dois experimentos, as aves tratadas com 5HTP apresentaram aumento na densidade e altura das vilosidades no duodeno, sugerindo a atuação de 5HTP como um agente trófico. A administração de Lactobacillus spp. também determinou altura maior de vilosidades duodenais. Quanto a imunomarcação de serotonina, as aves tratadas com Lactobacillus spp. no Experimento 1 e as aves tratadas com Lactobacillus spp. e desafiadas com S. Enteritidis no Experimento 2, apresentaram valores superiores aos demais tratamentos, sugerindo que a presença destas bactérias promove maior liberação de serotonina para o duodeno, porém o mecanismo exato de como este processo ocorre necessita ser mais elucidado.
Ação trófica de aditivos fitogênicos, glutamina e ácido glutâmico sobre a Bursa de Fabrícius e intestino delgado de frangos de corte
Authors: Pelícia Vanessa Cristina , Ducatti Carlos , Araujo Priscila Cavalca de , Stradiotti Ana Cristina , Aoyagi Monica Megumi , Fernandes Barbara da Silva , Silva Evandro Tadeu , Sartori José Roberto
Published: November 2015

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytogenic additives and glutamine plus glutamic acid, associated or not, on histomorphometry of bursa of Fabricius and small intestine, oocyst count and lesion scores, and carbon turnover of duodenal mucosa of broiler chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina. A total of 450 male broiler chickens was distributed into a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of control diet (CD); CD + coccidiosis vaccine; CD + antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidial (APE/AC); CD + glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln/Glu); CD + phytogenic additives (PA); CD + Gln/Glu + PA. Birds on treatment CD + vaccine were vaccinated via drinking water at three days of age against coccidiosis. At 16 days of age all birds of all treatments were inoculated orally and individually with 500,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. There was no treatment effect on lesion score in the intestinal epithelium of birds. The smaller number of excreted oocysts was observed in groups of birds fed diets containing APE/AC and PA. Were observed better results of villus height and crypt depth for duodenum and ileum of birds of treatments containing Gln/Glu at 7 days of age, and Gln/Glu and PA at 21 days of age. Higher percentage of cortical area from bursa follicles was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with Gln/Glu and PA at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. Increased turnover of intestinal mucosa was observed in treatments containing Gln/Glu, indicating acceleration in development and regeneration of damaged tissue. Glutamine plus glutamic acid and phytogenic additives can provide improvements to structure, and thus to intestinal function, as well as to better immune response against the infectious challenges. Phytogenic additives can be used for coccidiosis control of broiler chickens where the use of antibiotic performance enhancers and anticoccidials is prohibited.
Comunicación social, desarrollo comunitario y Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir. Un acercamiento desde la realidad ecuatoriana
Authors: González González Martín , Pereda Rodríguez Justo Luis
Published: November 2015

El presente trabajo aborda la comunicación social entendida como comunicación participativa, basada en el diálogo, el intercambio, la voluntad de compartir experiencias y conocimientos, la búsqueda común y el poder de decisión desde las bases, vinculado al desarrollo comunitario, asumido como procesos en virtud de los cuales, la población, con participación desde el poder, une sus esfuerzos junto al apoyo del Estado, sus instituciones y otros actores sociales para mejorar la calidad de vida, a partir del uso racional de sus potencialidades y de las capacidades existentes en su entorno local, tanto económicas, sociales, culturales, naturales como tecnológicas. Las bases del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (Constitución de Montecristi, 2008) en la República del Ecuador, se fundamenta en las concepciones antes mencionadas, para el logro de calidad de vida con equidad social, que facilite la diversidad cultural y ambiental, procesos equilibrados, igualdad posible y solidaridad.
Giro decolonial y otros demonios
Authors: Rosas Flórez Patricio Iván
Published: November 2015

Girar como una postura política de conocimiento sobre la realidad histórica y política de los pueblos de Latinoamérica. Una lectura de esas estructuras dominantes guiadas por unas posturas neoliberales de poder manifiestas a través de Organismos Internacionales, entidades financieras y gobiernos corruptos durante los últimos cincuenta años.

El giro decolonial, revisión de sus manifiestos conceptuales, una lectura cuyo propósito busca re-posicionar los espacios del discurso popular. El giro pone en duda la actual lógica de ciertos sistemas de poder y trata de ofrecer elementos conceptuales los cuales enriquezcan e inviten a girar con el re-conocimiento de la historia y de cómo re-pensar la sociedad, y fortalecer posturas ideológicas que luchen contra el equívoco del poder, generando sociedades reprimidas.

Un recorrido de resistencia con una postura que define “girar-de-colonial-mente” como respuesta a no más imposiciones y sí a recursos de equidad. 
Designing a Low Cost Electrospinning Device for Practical Learning in a Bioengineering Biomaterials Course
Authors:   , Villareal-Gómez L. J.
Published: November 2015

The electrospinning device is used in the biomaterials research field nowadays for fabricating nanofibers that can be used for manufacturing artificial skin and muscular tissue, blood vessels (vascular grafts), orthopedic components (bones, cartilages, and ligaments/tendon), and peripheral or central nervous system components. Electrospun nanofibers act as ideal scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems because they can mimic the functions of native extracellular matrices. A low cost electrospinning device was designed and built for undergraduate practical learning in the Biomaterials course in the area of Bioengineering at Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México. The methodology includes 3D CAD designing, manufacturing of the acrylic cabinet, different collectors and the fabrication of poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffolds, in order to validate the functionality of the electrospinning system. The prototype is an affordable device; its cost is 95% less than the laboratory commercial devices.
Primed Low Frequency Transcranial Magnetic StimulationEffects on Smoking Cue-Induced Craving
Authors:   , Flores-Leal M.
Published: November 2015

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown the potential to reduce craving to smoke andthe amount of cigarettes smoked. When low frequency rTMS is preceded by a priming session the cortical inhibitoryeffects are enhanced provoking a lasting performance. In this study we evaluate the brain regional activationsand self-reported mood effect of one session of primed low frequency rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontalcortex (DLPFC) in response to smoking- related cues during temporary nicotine abstinence. Ten moderate nicotinedependent subjects participated in a crossover design, comparing a single session of active versus sham stimulation.After treatment, a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study was performed in all participants whilecompleting a block-design cue reactivity paradigm. Our measures also included self-reported craving and moodscore before and after every rTMS session. The number of daily smoked cigarette in a one week around period wasalso recorded. The results show that self-reported cravings were lower following the active stimulation; significantactivation was found in areas associated with emotion control (anterior cingulate gyrus and subgenual area) andepisodic memory (precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus) as a result of the stimulation. No significant differencewas found in the number of cigarettes smoked and mood scores between the sham and active condition during the oneweek period records. This study confirms the previous evidence that rTMS can reduce cigarette cravings and providesevidence of the neural mechanism of action that take place in order to achieve these neuromodulation effects.
Revisão da paleoflora das formações Missão Velha, Crato e Romualdo, Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Lima Flaviana Jorge de , Saraiva Antonio Álamo Feitosa , Sayão Juliana Manso
Published: November 2015

A Bacia do Araripe conhecida mundialmente pelos seus fósseis apresenta excelente e bem diversificado registro de fauna e flora. Com a crescente publicação de novos achados paleobotânicos na Bacia do Araripe, apresenta-se aqui, uma síntese de toda a paleoflora descrita, até o momento, fornecendo suas informações diagnósticas. A paleoflora da bacia é abundante, variada e dominada por coníferas, contém também algumas licopsidas, pteridófitas, gnetaleanas e vegetais de afinidade desconhecida, incluindo angiospermas. As gimnospermas, angiospermas, fetos e outros componentes menos abundantes como licófitas  e esfenófitas compõem a paleoflora do Araripe, sendo as gimnospermas o grupo mais abundante. De acordo com os registros, a Formação Crato (Cretáceo) possui o maior número de descrições além de ser bem mais diversificada que as Formações Missão Velha (Jurássico) e Romualdo (Cretáceo).
Statistical estimation of the probability of the correct substance detection in FTIR spectroscopy
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Morozov A. , Kochikov I. ,   Research Computer Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Novgorodskaya A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Sologub A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Fufurin I. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: November 2015

In the present paper a problem of substance identification in FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy is considered. The spectral library hitlist search is chosen as the main tactic. In the paper the Pearson correlation coefficient as a similarity criterion between two spectra is suggested. A situation when one of the measured spectra has an additive narrowband white noise component with a Gaussian distribution is considered. In that case the probability density of the correlation coefficient is found. A concept of the probability of correct detection is proposed and a theoretical expression is found. In addition, we consider a boundary correlation coefficient search algorithm, which allows one to find a boundary value providing the required correct detection. Computational experiments have shown the applicability of the method.
Why Southern Mediterranean Countries Fail to Innovate?
Authors: Ramzi Trabelsi ,   Researcher in Graduate College of Commerce of Tunis (ESCT), University of Manouba, Tunisia.
Published: November 2015

This article aims to analyze the factors that influence research investment in the Mediterranean region. We used a robust fixed-effect model to analyze a group of 22 countries in the period 20002012. The results showed that foreign direct investment (FDI), high technology export, human capital devoted to research, and intermediate and final production sectors are significant and stimulate the Southern innovative capacity. The private research and development (R&D) is a substitute for public R&D. The private returns exceed the social returns to R&D since Southern governments don’t invest too much like private firms in innovative activities. The role of foreign institutions and international organizations is almost nonexistent in financing the Southern research investments. The salaries don’t motivate the researchers and scientists, and it has a negative effect on R&D. The imports, the active population, the inflation, the technology infrastructure, and the patent production have no effective contributions to the investment in the R&D in the Southern Mediterranean countries.
A quantitative framework for demographic trends in size‐structured populations: analysis of threats to floodplain forests
Authors: Marks Christian O. , Canham Charles D.
Published: November 2015

Studies of population dynamics are continually seeking to develop quantitative approaches that can be easily applied to widely available data in ways that can guide management decisions. We present a method for quantifying demographic trends in size‐structured populations that we applied to forest tree species and changes in forest structure associated with different threats to help identify forest health priorities. Strengths of the approach are that tree size and growth rate can be controlled for to separate mortality impacts of particular threats from background rates associated with stand self‐thinning. We illustrate the method with tree census data from Connecticut River floodplain forests. We found that these floodplain forests are currently declining demographically across all sizes, with floodplain pioneer tree species particularly affected. Cutting by a large beaver population is contributing to this decline. Specifically, beavers are cutting 11.4% of theSalix nigraand 1.6% of thePopulus deltoidestrees annually. We also showed quantitatively that Dutch elm disease and invasive lianas are important threats to the health of these forests. We estimated that Dutch elm disease caused at least 9.5% of all tree mortality. InvasiveCelastrus orbiculatuslianas were implicated in 9.8% of the mortality of large floodplain trees (i.e., DBH = 60 cm) on the Lower Connecticut River (i.e., GDD > 3463, base 0°C). Overall, we found that the method is flexible and could be applied to a wide range of forest types and threats.
Dose response severity functions for acoustic disturbance in cetaceans using recurrent event survival analysis
Authors: Harris C. M. , Sadykova D. , DeRuiter S. L. , Tyack P. L. , Miller P. J. O. , Kvadsheim P. H. , Lam F. P. A. , Thomas L.
Published: November 2015

Behavioral response studies (BRSs) aim to enhance our understanding of the behavior changes made by animals in response to specific exposure levels of different stimuli, often presented in an increasing dosage. Here, we focus on BRSs that aim to understand behavioral responses of free‐ranging whales and dolphins to manmade acoustic signals (although the methods are applicable more generally). One desired outcome of these studies is dose‐response functions relevant to different species, signals and contexts. We adapted and applied recurrent event survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard models) to data from the 3S BRS project, where multiple behavioral responses of different severities had been observed per experimental exposure and per individual based upon expert scoring. We included species, signal type, exposure number and behavioral state prior to exposure as potential covariates. The best model included all main effect terms, with the exception of exposure number, as well as two interaction terms. The interactions between signal and behavioral state, and between species and behavioral state highlighted that the sensitivity of animals to different signal types (a 6–7 kHz upsweep sonar signal [MFAS] or a 1–2 kHz upsweep sonar signal [LFAS]) depended on their behavioral state (feeding or non‐feeding), and this differed across species. Of the three species included in this analysis (sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus], killer whale [Orcinus orca] and long‐finned pilot whale [Globicephala melas]), killer whales were consistently the most likely to exhibit behavioral responses to naval sonar exposure. We conclude that recurrent event survival analysis provides an effective framework for fitting dose‐response severity functions to data from behavioral response studies. It can provide outputs that can help government and industry to evaluate the potential impacts of anthropogenic sound production in the ocean.
El equipo I-Terminal: una ayuda valiosa en la adaptación de lentes progresivos de sexta generación en pacientes usuarios de lentes bifocales
Authors: Pizarro Leidy Johanna , Zambrano Jeimy Carolina , Perdomo Ospina Claudia
Published: November 2015

El confort visual de los présbitas ha mejorado considerablemente con la evolución en el diseño y la fabricación de los lentes progresivos. Para que la adaptación a estos sea inmediata, es necesaria la elección adecuada del lente progresivo y la toma de medidas exactas como lo permite hacer el I-Terminal. Objetivo:evaluar la adaptación de lentes progresivos de sexta generación en pacientes présbitas usuarios de lentes bifocales tradicionales por más de dos años, utilizando el I-terminal para la toma de medidas. Método: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo, con una muestra de 20 pacientes usuarios de lentes bifocales durante más de dos años. Para la toma de medidas de la adaptación del lente progresivo se utilizó el equipo I-Terminal de la casa Carl Zeiss Vision. La adaptación se evaluó usando la encuesta afa2’q y afa4q. Resultados: se encontró que el 100 % de los pacientes obtuvieron una adaptación inmediata con los lentes progresivos. Conclusión se observó una adaptación inmediata de los lentes progresivos y a la toma de medidas con el I-Terminal; además, se demostró, al evaluar la visión y el confort, que los pacientes usuarios de lentes bifocales por mucho tiempo son buenos candidatos para el uso de lentes progresivos.
La prueba de Hartmann en ciencias de la visión
Authors: Mejía Barbosa Yobani
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se muestran tres aplicaciones de la prueba de Hartmann en Ciencias de la Visión, desarrolladas en el laboratorio de diseño óptico del Departamento de Física de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: lensómetro para lentes de adición progresiva, topógrafo corneal y aberrómetro tipo Hartmann-Shack. Primero se describe brevemente la prueba clásica de Hartmann para espejos astronómicos y luego se presentan tres variaciones de la prueba de Hartmann para optometría yoftalmología. En cada caso se describe el sistema óptico empleado y la geometría para deducir la aberración de frente de onda a partir de las aberraciones de rayo (patrones de Hartmann). En los tres casos se obtienen relaciones matemáticas similares, por lo que el frente de onda se puede determinar en cada caso empleando el mismo método de integración. Posteriormente, se calculan las cantidades de interés, a saber: en lensometría, los mapas de potencia refractiva cilíndrica y esférica; en topografía, el mapa de curvatura tangencial; y en aberrometría, el mapa de elevación de frente de onda y la psf. Finalmente, se hace un breve comentario sobre la implementación de la prueba de Hartmann por parte de algunas compañías comerciales.
Rendimiento de la prueba estereoscópica Random Dot con símbolos de Lea
Authors: Álvarez González Alberto Alonso , Figueroa Olarte Luisa Fernanda
Published: November 2015

El examen de estereopsis informa sobre la calidad de la visión binocular del paciente y orienta sobre la existencia y severidad de supresiones binoculares. Objetivo: determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba Random Dot con símbolos de Lea en niños de edad preescolar de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, entre agosto del 2009 y abril del 2010. Metodología: se aplicaron las pruebas a 349 niños. Se usó como referencia la prueba estereoscópica Randot® Preschool, confrontada con la nueva prueba Random Dot con símbolos de Lea. Dos observadores clínicos se encargaron de realizar cada uno una prueba diferente. Resultados: se observó una sensibilidad del 79,31 % y una especificidad del 80 % para la prueba Random Dot con símbolos de Lea. Valor Predictivo Positivo (VPP): 26,44 %; Valor Predictivo Negativo (VPN): 97,7 %. Conclusiones: la prueba Random Dot con símbolos de Lea no representa un valor confiable para usarla como única prueba de tamizaje visual en la detección de alteraciones de la visión binocular. La baja prevalencia (8,3 %) de la condición dentro de este estudio aumenta su VPN. Esto unido a su alta especificidad hace que la prueba sea muy eficiente cuando se trata de confirmar la probabilidad de no tener la alteración cuando otra prueba, previamente, la ha clasificado con resultados normales.
Cambios en la superficie ocular y en la película lagrimal durante 30 días de uso diario de lentes de contacto blandos de hidrogel e hidrogel de silicona
Authors: Dávila Juanita , Romero Yudiley , Rodríguez Martha
Published: November 2015

Los cambios fisiológicos y morfológicos inducidos por los lentes de contacto (LC) se deben principalmente a hipoxia, trauma mecánico y toxicidad, relacionados con el tiempo de uso de LC. Objetivo: determinar los cambios en la superficie ocular y en la película lagrimal durante 30 días de uso diario de LC de hidrogel e hidrogel de silicona. Materiales y métodos: 20 sujetos, neófitos en el uso de LC firmaron el consentimiento informado y se adaptaron con lotrafilcon A y vasurfilcon A. Antes de la adaptación y en cada uno de los controles (4 y 8 horas, días 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27 y 30) se evaluó hiperemia conjuntival, Schirmer I, TBUT, tinción corneal y confort. Se usaron la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon (IC 95 %), el test de Mann-Whitney (IC 95 %) y la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: a partir de las 4 horas de uso de los dos lentes se evidenciaron alteraciones en todas las pruebas estudiadas. La mayor disminución (p < 0,05) en la calidad de la película lagrimal fue al día 3 del uso de lotrafilcon A y vasurfilcon A (4,5 y 5,5 s, respectivamente) y en la cantidad de película lagrimal fue al día 30 (12 min/5 min y 9 min/5 min, respectivamente). Durante los 30 días hubo un incremento gradual del porcentaje de pacientes con tinción corneal e hiperemia conjuntival. No hubo diferencias estadísticas (p > 0,05) ni clínicamente significativas entre los dos grupos de lentes. Conclusiones: los LC blandos de alto y bajo Dk/t durante 30 días de uso diario causan cambios significativos en la superficie ocular y en la película lagrimal, sin presentar diferencia entre los cambios generados por los dos tipos de lentes.
Fundamentos de agudeza visual aplicados en la construcción de estímulos visuales concéntricos. Estímulo Arorradial de Guerrero (EAG)
Authors: Guerrero Vargas José Joaquín
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: comparar los parámetros fisiológicos y geométricos de los optotipos E de Snellen y C de Landolt, mediante cálculos y argumentos conceptuales, para formular el Estímulo Arorradial de Guerrero (EAG), basado en el principio angular de los primeros y la disposición concéntrica de Landolt. Metodología: se fundamentó en una revisión bibliográfica de la agudeza visual, fundamentos fisiológicos, cálculo geométrico-trigonométrico y principios anatómicos aplicables al diseño de estímulos. Dicho análisis reveló elementos comunes y diferencias del área impresa y el área perimetral de los estímulos comparados y permitió formular una matriz EAG con patrones homogéneos de estimulación foveolar. Resultados: se hallaron elementos comunes de configuración angular de los estímulos y diferencias en sus parámetros morfológicos, perimetrales y geométricos. Esto sugiere la confiabilidad de la matriz concéntrica, que estimula de forma coherente con la distribución anatómica de los fotorreceptores y, presumiblemente, brinda mayor confiabilidad de las respuestas visuales. Conclusiones: las diferencias perimetrales y geométricas halladas entre los estímulos alfanuméricos de una misma prueba sugieren que las pruebas concéntricas direccionales reúnen las condiciones de estimulación de áreas retinales homogéneas para favorecer respuestas basadas en discriminación óptica y no en legibilidad. El EAG podría constituirse en una alternativa modificada de los estímulos Landolt que, al incorporar elementos radiales que confieren direccionalidad al estímulo y distractores, permitirían estudiar cualitativamente el astigmatismo refractivo y la simulación.
Frecuencia de baja visión en la población adulta mayor del distrito de San Isidro de El General, Costa Rica, segundo semestre del 2012
Authors: Mora Vargas Allan , Mata Castro Fernando , Madrigal Rodríguez Leandra , Guevara Rivera Gabriela
Published: November 2015

Actualmente la baja visión es un problema de salud pública. Resulta preocupante que la población que presenta la mayor afectación de baja visión en el mundo es la de los adultos. Se desconoce cómo esta realidad afecta social y productivamente a Costa Rica, pues no existen referencias al respecto, por lo que es fundamental realizar un análisis específico para nuestra región. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la baja visión en los adultos mayores del distrito de San Isidro de El General, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal por muestreo aleatorio que tamizó un total de 186 adultos mayores. Se llevó a cabo una visita a la casa de habitación de cada uno de ellos y se valoró la agudeza visual. Aquellos que arrojaron resultados alterados fueron remitidos a un consultorio optométrico para evaluar con equipo especializado la baja visión. Resultados: se diagnosticaron un total de ocho pacientes (4,3 %) con baja visión. En cuatro de ellos la causa fue la catarata. Conclusión: aunque se encontró una prevalencia de baja visión, menor de la esperada en los adultos mayores, existe la posibilidad de que la atención médica no sea la más óptima, pues sus necesidades de atención no están cubiertas y predominan en ellos las enfermedades crónicas. También se confirmó la ausencia de información referente a baja visión contextualizada para Costa Rica y la importancia de desarrollar más investigación epidemiológica y clínica acerca de este tema.

 
Grado de adherencia a las guías clínicas de defectos refractivos por parte de los optómetras en la consulta externa de optometría en una IPS, primer semestre del 2012
Authors: Pinilla Ferro Rudy Esneda , Coy Torres Yucely Johanna , Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni
Published: November 2015

 Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de adherencia que existe a las guías clínicas de defectos refractivos por parte de los optómetras en la consulta externa de optometría, en el primer semestre de 2012. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo por medio de un instrumento, compuesto por preguntas dicotómicas  (sí cumple o no cumple) con el fin de evaluar el grado de adherencia a la guía clínica de defectos refractivos. Se definió como  universo poblacional 4.180, historias clínicas, calculándose como  muestra representativa 648 de ellas, la cual, su selección  se dividió,  por decisión metodológica,  en las tres sedes que conforman la cadena en la que se adelantó el estudio. Los datos recolectados de las historias clínicas fueron digitados y tabulados  en una  base  de datos, los cuales se analizaron en  rangos que  permitieron evaluar el grado de adherencia de cada historia clínica. Los rangos por los cuales se evaluó la adherencia son los siguientes: de 0 – 20% de preguntas acertadas se considero la adherencia “Muy mala”, de 21 a 40 “mala”, de 41 a 60 “regular”, de 61 a 80 “buena” y de 81 a 100 “excelente”. Resultados: Se evidenció que en ningún caso se diligenció 20% o menos del total de preguntas por historia clínica, mientras que un 3,9% del total de historias se ubicó en el rango denominado “malo”. Por su parte en el rango “regular” se ubicó el 21,2% del total de historias. Los valores mas altos de evaluación los obtuvieron los rangos “bueno” y “excelente” con un total de 35,4 y 39,5% respectivamente, sin embargo, cabe resaltar que  ninguna historia clínica obtuvo una calificación del 100%. Conclusiones: La investigación evidenció la baja adherencia a la guía de atención, ya que se observó, que ninguna de las historias clínicas  estaba diligenciada en todos sus campos, por lo tanto es importante mejorar y fortalecer el rigor con el que las preguntas de las historias clínicas son diligenciadas por parte de los profesionales de optometría, ya que ello, permite tener un conocimiento más preciso de la condición de salud de los pacientes, con el fin de lograr una mayor asertividad en la toma de decisiones de la conducta clínica a seguir con cada uno de ellos.