bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significant Factors Influencing Rural Residents’ Well-Being with Regard to Electricity Consumption: An Empirical Analysis in China
Authors: Guo Sen , Zhao Huiru , Li Chunjie , Zhao Haoran , Li Bingkang
Published: November 2016

The electric universal service policy, which has been implemented for many years in China, aims to meet the basic electricity demands of rural residents. Electricity consumption can facilitate the daily life of rural residents, such as lighting and cooking, which are necessary to their well-being. In practice, the well-being of rural residents due to electricity consumption is influenced by many factors. Therefore, to improve the well-being of rural residents, it is quite necessary to identify and optimize the significant factors that make the electric universal service policy play its prescribed role as well as possible. In this paper, the significant factors influencing rural residents’ well-being obtained from electricity consumption were identified and discussed by employing the Ordered Probit model. The results indicate that: (1) there are six significant factors, of which ‘educational level’, ‘health condition’, ‘each person income of a family per month’, and ‘service time of household appliances’ play positive roles in rural residents’ well-being, while ‘average power interruption times’ and ‘monthly electric charges’ have negative impacts; (2) for significant factors with positive roles, ‘educational level’ and ‘health condition’ show larger marginal effects on rural residents’ well-being; and (3) for significant factors with negative impacts, ‘average power interruption times’ has the greatest marginal effect. Finally, policy implications are proposed for improving rural residents’ well-being, which can also contribute to the effective implementation of the electric universal service policy in China.
RNA Sequencing of Contaminated Seeds Reveals the State of the Seed Permissive for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination and Points to a Potential Susceptibility Factor
Authors: Clevenger Josh , Marasigan Kathleen , Liakos Vasileios , Sobolev Victor , Vellidis George , Holbrook Corley , Ozias-Akins Peggy
Published: November 2016

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) is a major problem facing peanut production worldwide. Produced by the ubiquitous soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin is the most naturally occurring known carcinogen. The interaction between fungus and host resulting in PAC is complex, and breeding for PAC resistance has been slow. It has been shown that aflatoxin production can be induced by applying drought stress as peanut seeds mature. We have implemented an automated rainout shelter that controls temperature and moisture in the root and peg zone to induce aflatoxin production. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), seeds meeting the following conditions were selected: infected with Aspergillus flavus and contaminated with aflatoxin; and not contaminated with aflatoxin. RNA sequencing analysis revealed groups of genes that describe the transcriptional state of contaminated vs. uncontaminated seed. These data suggest that fatty acid biosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling are altered in contaminated seeds and point to a potential susceptibility factor, ABR1, as a repressor of ABA signaling that may play a role in permitting PAC.
Environmental Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Urban Water Mines (Porto, NW Portugal)
Authors: Afonso Maria , Freitas Liliana , Pereira Alcides , Neves Luís , Guimarães Laura , Guilhermino Lúcia , Mayer Bernhard , Rocha Fernando , Marques José , Chaminé Helder
Published: November 2016

A multidisciplinary approach was developed to estimate urban groundwater vulnerability to contamination combining hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry, subterranean hydrogeotechnics, groundwater ecotoxicology and isotope tracers. Paranhos and Salgueiros spring waters in Porto City were used as a case study. Historical and current vulnerability scenarios were compared using hydrogeological GIS-based modelling. Potential contamination sources were mapped around the spring galleries. Most of these were point sources and their potential contamination load was moderate. The ecotoxicological assessment indicated a low acute toxicity potential. Groundwater radionuclides appeared to be mainly controlled by geological factors and biomineralisation. Vulnerability maps suggest that most of the area has a moderate to low vulnerability to contamination. However, some surface sources such as sewage systems cause contamination and contribute to increased vulnerability. This integrated approach was demonstrated to be adequate for a better knowledge of urban hydrogeological processes and their dynamics, and highlighted the importance of a vulnerability assessment in urban areas.
NEUTRAL ATOM PROPERTIES IN THE DIRECTION OF THE IBEX RIBBON
Authors: Heerikhuisen Jacob , Gamayunov Konstantin V. , Zirnstein Eric J. , Pogorelov Nikolai V.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we present results from our three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and local interstellar medium with an emphasis on the phase-space properties of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) along a sight line that intersects the ribbon of enhanced ENA flux seen by NASA’s Interstellar Boundary EXplorer spacecraft. The majority of these ENAs have velocities directed away from the heliosphere, but it is believed that interactions between heliospheric ENAs and ions outside the heliosphere may result in a population of secondary ENAs that return to the heliosphere and generate the ribbon. While we do not consider the ion dynamics that result in secondary ENAs, our analysis is of key importance to the process since the heliospheric ENAs we consider form the source population for those ions. We present the moments of the hydrogen distribution, along with moments parallel and perpendicular to the local magnetic field for the pick-up ions (PUIs) that these neutrals generate. Finally, we present gyro-averaged velocity distributions relative to the local magnetic field for the PUIs created from our simulated H-atoms, along with analytic fits to these distributions in the secondary ENA source region just beyond the heliopause.
RADIO CONSTRAINTS ON LONG-LIVED MAGNETAR REMNANTS IN SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
Authors: Fong W. , Metzger B. D. , Berger E. , Özel F.
Published: November 2016

The merger of a neutron star (NS) binary may result in the formation of a rapidly spinning magnetar. The magnetar can potentially survive for seconds or longer as a supramassive NS before collapsing to a black hole if, indeed, it collapses at all. During this process, a fraction of the magnetar’s rotational energy of ∼1053 erg is transferred via magnetic spin-down to the surrounding ejecta. The resulting interaction between the ejecta and the surrounding circumburst medium powers a year-long or greater synchrotron radio transient. We present a search for radio emission with the Very Large Array following nine short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at rest-frame times of ≈1.3–7.6 yr after the bursts, focusing on those events that exhibit early-time excess X-ray emission that may signify the presence of magnetars. We place upper limits of ≲18–32 μJy on the 6.0 GHz radio emission, corresponding to spectral luminosities of ≲(0.05–8.3) × 1039 erg s−1. Comparing these limits to the predicted radio emission from a long-lived remnant and incorporating measurements of the circumburst densities from broadband modeling of short GRB afterglows, we rule out a stable magnetar with an energy of 1053 erg for half of the events in our sample. A supramassive remnant that injects a lower rotational energy of 1052 erg is ruled out for a single event, GRB 050724A. This study represents the deepest and most extensive search for long-term radio emission following short GRBs to date, and thus the most stringent limits placed on the physical properties of magnetars associated with short GRBs from radio observations.
FERMI STUDY OF γ-RAY MILLISECOND PULSARS: THE SPECTRAL SHAPE AND PULSED EMISSION FROM J0614–3329 UP TO 60 GeV
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang
Published: November 2016

We report our analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope data for 39 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) listed in the second γ-ray pulsar catalog. Spectra of the pulsars are obtained. We fit the spectra with a function of a power law with exponential cutoff, and find the best-fit parameters of photon index

and cutoff energy

GeV. This spectral shape, which includes the intrinsic differences in the spectra of the MSPs, can be used for finding candidate MSPs and unidentified types of sources detected by Fermi at high Galactic latitudes. In one of the MSPs, PSR J0614−3329, we find significant pulsed emission up to 60 GeV. The result has thus added this MSP to the group of pulsars that have been detected with pulsed emission at energies of tens of GeV. Comparing the γ-ray spectrum of PSR J0614−3329 with those of the Crab and Vela pulsars, we discuss possible emission mechanisms for the very high-energy component.
LONG-TERM X-RAY VARIABILITY OF TYPICAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE
Authors: Yang G. , Brandt W. N. , Luo B. , Xue Y. Q. , Bauer F. E. , Sun M. Y. , Kim S. , Schulze S. , Zheng X. C. , Paolillo M. , Shemmer O. , Liu T. , Schneider D. P. , Vignali C. , Vito F. , Wang J.-X.
Published: November 2016

We perform long-term (≈15 years, observed-frame) X-ray variability analyses of the 68 brightest radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South survey; the majority are in the redshift range of 0.6–3.1, providing access to penetrating rest-frame X-rays up to ≈10–30 keV. Of the 68 sources, 24 are optical spectral type I AGNs, and the rest (44) are type II AGNs. The timescales probed in this work are among the longest for X-ray variability studies of distant AGNs. Photometric analyses reveal widespread photon flux variability: 90% of AGNs are variable above a 95% confidence level, including many X-ray obscured AGNs and several optically classified type II quasars. We characterize the intrinsic X-ray luminosity (

) and absorption (

) variability via spectral fitting. Most (74%) sources show

variability; the variability amplitudes are generally smaller for quasars. A Compton-thick candidate AGN shows variability of its high-energy X-ray flux, indicating the size of reflecting material to be ≲0.3 pc.

variability is also detected in a broad absorption line quasar. The

variability amplitude for our sample appears to rise as time separation increases. About 16% of sources show

variability. One source transitions from an X-ray unobscured to obscured state, while its optical classification remains type I; this behavior indicates the X-ray eclipsing material is not large enough to obscure the whole broad-line region.
COMPACT E+A GALAXIES AS A PROGENITOR OF MASSIVE COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXIES AT 0.2 < z < 0.8
Authors: Zahid H. Jabran , Hochmuth Nicholas Baeza , Geller Margaret J. , Damjanov Ivana , Chilingarian Igor V. , Sohn Jubee , Salmi Fadia , Hwang Ho Seong
Published: November 2016

We search the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Baryon Oscillation Sky Survey to identify ∼5500 massive compact quiescent galaxy candidates at 0.2 < z < 0.8. We robustly classify a subsample of 438 E+A galaxies based on their spectral properties and make this catalog publicly available. We examine sizes, stellar population ages, and kinematics of galaxies in the sample and show that the physical properties of compact E+A galaxies suggest that they are a progenitor of massive compact quiescent galaxies. Thus, two classes of objects—compact E+A and compact quiescent galaxies—may be linked by a common formation scenario. The typical stellar population age of compact E+A galaxies is <1 Gyr. The existence of compact E+A galaxies with young stellar populations at 0.2 < z < 0.8 means that some compact quiescent galaxies first appear at intermediate redshifts. We derive a lower limit for the number density of compact E+A galaxies. Assuming passive evolution, we convert this number density into an appearance rate of new compact quiescent galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.8. The lower limit number density of compact quiescent galaxies that may appear at z < 0.8 is comparable to the lower limit of the total number density of compact quiescent galaxies at these intermediate redshifts. Thus, a substantial fraction of the z < 0.8 massive compact quiescent galaxy population may descend from compact E+A galaxies at intermediate redshifts.
GALACTIC COSMIC RAY ORIGINS AND OB ASSOCIATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SuperTIGER OBSERVATIONS OF ELEMENTS 26Fe THROUGH 40Zr
Authors: Murphy R. P. , Sasaki M. , Binns W. R. , Brandt T. J. , Hams T. , Israel M. H. , Labrador A. W. , Link J. T. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell J. W. , Rauch B. F. , Sakai K. , Stone E. C. , Waddington C. J. , Walsh N. E. , Ward J. E. , Wiedenbeck M. E.
Published: November 2016

We report abundances of elements from 26Fe to 40Zr in the cosmic radiation measured by the SuperTIGER (Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder) instrument during 55 days of exposure on a long-duration balloon flight over Antarctica. These observations resolve elemental abundances in this charge range with single-element resolution and good statistics. These results support a model of cosmic ray origin in which the source material consists of a mixture of

% material from massive stars and ∼81% normal interstellar medium material with solar system abundances. The results also show a preferential acceleration of refractory elements (found in interstellar dust grains) by a factor of ∼4 over volatile elements (found in interstellar gas) ordered by atomic mass (A). Both the refractory and volatile elements show a mass-dependent enhancement with similar slopes.
Le conservatisme sans mémoire
Authors: Dellaloğlu Besim F.
Published: November 2016

Le conservatisme est une idéologie moderne et occidentale tandis que le conservatisme en Turquie est une réaction contre la modernisation/occidentalisation. C’est pourquoi il est difficile de parler de l’existence du conservatisme dans les pays de la modernisation comme la Turquie. Ce qu’on peut appeler le conservatisme dans ces types de pays est une sorte de scepticisme envers la modernisation qui se nourrit de religiosité et de traditionalisme. La question de modernité/modernisation et sa relation avec conservatisme peut être analysé dans l’axe de sécularité/laïcité.
Gardiens !
Authors: Padar Pinar , Satgan Defne
Published: November 2016

Ayant pris son essor suite à la Révolution Française, l’idéologie conservatrice est prudente concernant les changements radicaux dans la société. Elle veut assurer la perpétuité de l’état en s’appuyant sur le traditionnel et sur la notion de stabilité. Ce travail a pour objectif d’analyser le discours adopté par l’idéologie conservatrice pour faciliter l’implantation des politiques néo-libérales, au vu de la pensée de Jürgen Habermas, un des héritiers de l’école de Francfort. L’accent sera mis sur le rapport du discours conservateur avec les fantasmes d’omnipotence .
Art contemporain et conformisme
Authors: Fessaguet Dominique
Published: November 2016

Une partie de l’art contemporain en mal de reconnaissance s’est laissé séduire par les sirènes du pouvoir qui a enfermé les artistes dans un conformisme où provocation et transgression se trouvent normalisées et la surenchère orchestrée par le marché de l’art mondial. Cet art issu du ready-made de M. Duchamp, au plus près de la banalité, évoque la concrétude d’un objet qu’on pourrait nommer « objet magico-sexuel ».
Examining the Role Mentorship Plays in the Development of Athletic Training Preceptors
Authors: Nottingham Sara , Barrett Jessica L. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: November 2016

Context: Mentorship has been identified as a contributor to the socialization of athletic training preceptors. Understanding how mentorship occurs and contributes to preceptor development may help athletic training educators facilitate effective mentorship within their athletic training programs.

Objective: Examine preceptors' perceptions of mentoring as part of their socialization into this role.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education programs.

Patients or Other Participants: Twelve athletic trainers representing 4 National Athletic Trainers' Association districts, including 5 men and 7 women, average age = 32 ± 10.5 years, and average of 5 ± 5.0 years' experience as a preceptor.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants responded to 14 interview questions regarding their perceptions of mentoring. Two researchers analyzed data using an inductive approach to identify themes and supporting categories. Trustworthiness was established by piloting the interview, using multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review.

Results: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) characteristics, (2) processes, (3) mentoring by emulating, and (4) roles of mentoring. Participants identified that communication and commitment are characteristics of effective mentorship. Preceptors learn to mentor by emulating other preceptors, and mentoring relationships develop through both formal and informal processes. Mentoring serves multiple roles for preceptors, including providing a support system and facilitating reciprocal learning for both mentors and protégés.

Conclusions: Participants perceive mentoring as beneficial to their initial and ongoing development as preceptors. Preceptors learn to mentor by emulating current and past mentors, emphasizing the importance of modeling for both preceptors and students. Clinical education coordinators can facilitate the mentoring of preceptors by educating them on the benefits of engaging in it as well as connecting experienced preceptors with newer preceptors.
Travelling terms and local innovations: The tsotsitaal of the North West province, South Africa
Authors: Ditsele Thabo , Hurst Ellen
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the theme of linguistic innovation and expands on recent studies of the South African linguistic phenomenon tsotsitaal to show that it has travelled from its epicentre of Gauteng province into the North West province (henceforth North West), where it uses Setswana as its Matrix Language because it is the dominant language in the North West. Data were gathered from the North West’s three largest cities, namely, Rustenburg, Klerksdorp and Potchefstroom. The article presents examples of tsotsitaal spoken in the three cities and analyses its linguistic structure and lexical items. The significance of this tsotsitaal study is that it is the first to be conducted exclusively amongst first language (L1) Setswana speakers in an environment where the language is the most dominant – the North West. The study confirms previous literature which describes the phenomenon as a register of the urban form. It furthermore suggests that new lexical innovations at a local level are often drawn from the local base language, in this case Setswana, because the local language offers the best opportunities for semantic shift and multiple meanings.
An overview of big data and data science education at South African universities
Authors: Kotzé Eduan
Published: November 2016

Man and machine are generating data electronically at an astronomical speed and in such a way that society is experiencing cognitive challenges to analyse this data meaningfully. Big data firms, such as Google and Facebook, identified this problem several years ago and are continuously developing new technologies or improving existing technologies in order to facilitate the cognitive analysis process of these large data sets. The purpose of this article is to contribute to our theoretical understanding of the role that big data might play in creating new training opportunities for South African universities. The article investigates emerging literature on the characteristics and main components of big data, together with the Hadoop application stack as an example of big data technology. Due to the rapid development of big data technology, a paradigm shift of human resources is required to analyse these data sets; therefore, this study examines the state of big data teaching at South African universities. This article also provides an overview of possible big data sources for South African universities, as well as relevant big data skills that data scientists need. The study also investigates existing academic programs in South Africa, where the focus is on teaching advanced database systems. The study found that big data and data science topics are introduced to students on a postgraduate level, but that the scope is very limited. This article contributes by proposing important theoretical topics that could be introduced as part of the existing academic programs. More research is required, however, to expand these programs in order to meet the growing demand for data scientists with big data skills.
Teaching Generation Y
Authors: Venter Elza
Published: November 2016

Generation Y learners are those young people born more or less between 1977 and 2000. Different authors call this generation by different names. The author of this article prefers the term ‘Generation Y’. Learners from Generation Y were born into the age of digital information where information, education and entertainment were just a click away. Members of Generation Y use various electronic devices simultaneously for learning and entertainment purposes. Learners from this generation are often unmotivated and disengaged from their own learning experience because they are entertaining themselves simultaneously on a multitude of digital devices, whilst the educator is trying to get their attention. Generation Y prefers multitasking to focussing on one task or person at a time and are often more interested in what is happening on the screen before them than getting involved in their own learning. This generation works well in groups. They embrace recognition and crave instant gratification and feedback on work well done. Educators have to think of teaching and learning strategies to engage them in their own learning by inter alia making use of digital and electronic technology. Schools and tertiary institutions are often stuck in the previous century whilst learners keep up with technological changes. Educators at secondary and tertiary level need to re-think their teaching and learning strategies to make learning relevant and interesting for learners. In this research, the emphasis is on learners and students as well as educators at secondary and tertiary level. The research was done by applying a literature review. In line with the preceding discussion, the main research question of this literature study is ‘How can educators get Generation Y learners more engaged in their own learning in the classroom or lecture room?’ The two sub questions are: (1) ‘What are some of the characteristics of Generation Y that influence learning?’ and (2) ‘What teaching strategies can be used to get Generation Y learners more engaged in their own learning?’ The author of this article will endeavour to give guidelines to educators in this regard by means of the literature study.
Rationale and Design of Randomized Clinical Trial for the Assessment of Macitentan Efficiency as Coadjuvant Treatment to Open and Endovascular Revascularization in Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Michel Ignacio , De Haro Joaquin , Bleda Silvia , Laime Ilsem V. , Uyaguari Jhenifer , Acin Francisco
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is defined by ischemic rest pain, tissue loss, or both, secondary to arterial insufficiency, and its prevalence is increasing mainly as a result of the worldwide high prevalence of diabetes. Currently, there are no available conclusive data on the efficacy of any coadjuvant therapy after revascularization procedure benefiting amputation and patency rates. Macitentan is an orally active dual endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist that may contribute to reduce the amputation rate and improve revascularization patency in CLI.

Methods/Design

REVASC is a proposed pilot, open-label, controlled, randomized, single-center clinical double-blind trial to be conducted in Spain on a study population of European patients with CLI, which will compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of macitentan coadjuvant treatment after limb revascularization with the standard antiplatelet treatment strategy for severe limb ischemia. Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive macitentan or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary clinical end point will be amputation-free survival rate at 12 months, defined as the time to major (above the ankle) amputation for the index (trial) limb or death from any cause, whichever comes first. Secondary outcomes include overall survival, quality of life, in-hospital mortality and morbidity, repeat interventions, healing of tissue loss, and hemodynamic changes following revascularization. Sample size is estimated as 120 patients. The economic analysis will consist of two components: a “within-study” analysis, which will be based on study end points; and a “model-based” analysis, which will extrapolate and compare costs and effects likely to accrue beyond the study follow-up period.

Discussion

The REVASC trial is designed to be pragmatic and represents current practice of the real-world population management after limb revascularization for CLI due to atherosclerosis. Current evidence does not support any coadjuvant treatment. A new pathway of treatment may be opened with the use of ET receptor antagonists in these patients.
Mastermind-like Gene Family: A New Ray of Hope in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Nikunj Maniar
Published: November 2016

How to cite this article

Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Nikunj M, Patil S. Mastermind-like Gene Family: A New Ray of Hope in Cancer Therapeutics. World J Dent 2016;7(3):111-112.
Comparative Study of Lifestyle-related Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Urban and Rural Population of India
Authors: Acharya Shashidhar , Singla Ritesh , Singla Nishu
Published: November 2016

Aim

To compare participants’ lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontal disease between urban and rural population.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study consisting of a structured questionnaire on health practice index (HPI), oral health-related behavior, and personal habits as well as sociodemographic variables was conducted on 800 subjects aged 20 to 50 years attending dental outreach centers of Manipal College of Dental Sciences in urban and rural areas of Udupi District. Clinical examination for periodontal status was done by using community periodontal index, simplified oral hygiene index, and gingival index. Statistical analysis of the data was done using chi-square.

Results

It was found that except the number of hours of work/day (p = 0.02) urban participants had significantly better occupations, higher education, more income, better oral health care behaviors like dental visits, device of cleaning, frequency of cleaning, method of cleaning, healthier personal habits like tobacco chewing, pan chewing (< 0.001 respectively), physical exercise, mental stress levels and healthier overall lifestyles (p < 0.001 respectively) than the rural participants. It was also found that more number of urban participants had better oral hygiene status (p < 0.001), gingival status (p < 0.001), and healthier periodontium (p = 0.002) than the rural counterparts.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that rural participants had more lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontitis as well as less healthy periodontium than the urban participants. Patient's involvement in self-care by promoting healthy lifestyles is needed especially in rural areas where adequate treatment facilities are lacking.

How to cite this article

Singla R, Acharya S, Singla N. Comparative Study of Lifestyle-related Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Urban and Rural Population of India. World J Dent 2016;7(3):129-134.
Watermelon (Citrullus Vulgaris): An Innovative Plant that accelerates the Healing of Pulpal Wound
Authors: Agusnar Harry , Dennis D
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Pulpal wounds are the result of injuries like iatrogenic procedures or traumatic to the pulp of teeth that disrupt the pulp. Healing of a wound is a complex and protected process of tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. In tooth with pulpal exposure, the healing is to reconstitute the lost continuum at the pulp—dentin border in order to effectively restore the lost dentin structure.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted to investigate the phytoconstituents derived from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and to analyze the particle size of watermelon frost.

Results

Watermelon, the same as the other plants, contained triterpenoid/steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, and saponin, while the mean particle size is 12.34 ìm. It is seen that watermelon has the ability to promote wound healing as a result of injury.

Conclusion

Watermelon can be developed as a plant that has a therapeutic effect for tissue engineering in dentistry, especially in the field of conservation of teeth to maintain the health of dentin—pulp complex.

How to cite this article

Abidin T, Agusnar H, Dennis D. Watermelon (Citrullus Vulgaris): An Innovative Plant that accelerates the Healing of Pulpal Wound. World J Dent 2016;7(3):155-161
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Abnormalities in Dental Patients in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Gunasekar C , Mohanavalli S , Vijayabala G Sree , Janagarathinam VA , Kumar S Suresh , Kumar U Rajesh
Published: November 2016

Aim

The incidence of oral mucosal lesions is increasing day by day due to adverse oral habits and emerging infections. Hence, a novel attempt is made to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities in patients visiting dental department of ESIC Hospital and Medical College, KK Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was designed to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities in ESIC Hospital and Medical College, KK Nagar, Chennai. A total of 2315 patients were assessed between May 2014 and October 2014 to find the prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities.

Results and conclusion

The prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities was found to be 13.31%. The most prevalent oral mucosal abnormalities were smoker's palate, frictional keratosis, aphthous ulcers, oral submucous fibrosis, and traumatic ulcers.

Clinical significance

Knowing the prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities is very significant because early detection and prompt treatment of the same would help in reducing the morbidity and enhancing the patients’ quality of life.

How to cite this article

Vijayabala GS, Mohanavalli S, Gunasekar C, Janagarathinam VA, Kumar SS, Kumar UR. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Abnormalities in Dental Patients in Tamil Nadu. World J Dent 2016;7(4):186-188.
Carbon isotopic signature of coal-derived methane emissions to the atmosphere:
from coalification to alteration
Authors: Zazzeri Giulia , Lowry Dave , Fisher Rebecca E. , France James L. , Lanoisellé Mathias , Kelly Bryce F. J. , Necki Jaroslaw M. , Iverach Charlotte P. , Ginty Elisa , Zimnoch Miroslaw , Jasek Alina , Nisbet Euan G.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Currently, the atmospheric methane burden is rising rapidly, but the extent to which shifts in coal production contribute to this rise is not known. Coalbed methane emissions into the atmosphere are poorly characterised, and this study provides representative δ13CCH4 signatures of methane emissions from specific coalfields. Integrated methane emissions from both underground and opencast coal mines in the UK, Australia and Poland were sampled and isotopically characterised. Progression in coal rank and secondary biogenic production of methane due to incursion of water are suggested as the processes affecting the isotopic composition of coal-derived methane. An averaged value of −65 ‰ has been assigned to bituminous coal exploited in open cast mines and of −55 ‰ in deep mines, whereas values of −40 and −30 ‰ can be allocated to anthracite opencast and deep mines respectively. However, the isotopic signatures that are included in global atmospheric modelling of coal emissions should be region- or nation-specific, as greater detail is needed, given the wide global variation in coal type.
Evaluation of the impact of wood combustion on benzo(a)pyrene concentrations, using ambient air measurements and dispersion modelling in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Hellén Heidi , Kangas Leena , Kousa Anu , Vestenius Mika , Teinilä Kimmo , Karppinen Ari , Kukkonen Jaakko , Niemi Jarkko V.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Even though emission inventories indicate that wood combustion is a major source of PAHs, estimating its impacts on PAH concentration in ambient air is challenging. In this study effect of local small-scale wood combustion on the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentrations in ambient air in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland was evaluated, using ambient air measurements, emission estimates and dispersion modelling. Measurements were conducted at 12 different locations during a period from 2007 to 2015. The spatial distributions of annual average benzo(a)pyrene concentrations originated from wood combustion were predicted for four years: 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2014. According to both the measurements and the dispersion modelling, the European Union target value for the annual average BaP concentrations (1 ng m−3) was clearly exceeded in part of the suburban detached house areas. However, over most of the other urban areas, including the centre of Helsinki, the concentrations were below the target value. The measured BaP concentrations were highly correlated with the measured levoglucosan concentrations at suburban detached house areas. In street canyons, the measured concentrations of BaP were at the same level as urban background, being clearly lower than those in suburban detached house areas. The predicted annual average concentrations agreed fairly well with the measured concentrations. Both measurements and modelling clearly indicated that wood combustion was the main local source of ambient air BaP in the Helsinki metropolitan area.
Functional diversity of microbial communities in pristine aquifers inferred by PLFA – and sequencing – based approaches
Authors: Schwab Valerie F. , Hermann Martina , Roth Vanessa-Nina , Gleixner Gerd , Lehmann Robert , Pohnert Georg , Trumbore Susan , Küsel Kirsten , Totsche Kai
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Microorganisms in groundwater play an important role in aquifer biogeochemical cycles and water quality. However, the mechanisms linking the functional diversity of microbial populations and the groundwater physicochemistry are still not well understood due to the complexity of interactions between surface and subsurface. Here, we used phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) relative abundances to link specific biochemical markers within the microbial communities to the spatio-temporal changes of the groundwater physicochemistry. PLFAs were isolated from groundwater of two physicochemically distinct aquifer assemblages in central Germany (Thuringia). The functional diversities of the microbial communities were mainly correlated with groundwater chemistry, including dissolved O2, Fet and NH4+ concentrations. Abundances of PLFAs derived from eukaryotes and potential nitrite oxidizing bacteria (11MeC16:0 as biomarker for Nitrospira moscoviensis) were high at sites with elevated O2 concentration where groundwater recharge supplies both bioavailable organic substrates and NH4+ needed to sustain heterotrophic growth and nitrification processes. In anoxic groundwaters more rich in Fet, PLFAs abundant in sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), iron-reducing bacteria and fungi increased with Fet and HCO3− concentrations suggesting the occurrence of active iron-reduction and the possible role of fungi in meditating iron solubilisation and transport in those aquifer domains. In NH4+ richer anoxic groundwaters, anammox bacteria and SRB- derived PLFAs increased with NH4+ concentration further evidencing the dependence of the anammox process on ammonium concentration and potential links between SRB and anammox bacteria. Additional support of the PLFA-based bacterial communities was found in DNA and RNA-based Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, which evidenced high predominance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira e.g. Nitrospira moscoviensis in oxic zones of the aquifers and of anammox bacteria in NH4+ richer anoxic groundwater. Higher relative abundances of sequence reads in the RNA-based data sets affiliated with iron-reducing bacteria in Fet richer groundwater supported the occurrence of active dissimilatory iron-reduction. The functional diversity of the microbial communities in these biogeochemically distinct groundwater assemblages can be largely attributed to the redox conditions linked to changes in bioavailable substrates and input of substrates with the seepage. Our results demonstrate the power of complementary information derived from PLFA-based and sequencing-based approaches.
Phosphorus addition mitigates N2O and CH4 emissions in N-saturated subtropical forest, SW China
Authors: Yu Longfei , Wang Yihao , Zhang Xiaoshan , Dörsch Peter , Mulder Jan
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Chronically elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has led to severe nutrient imbalance in forest soils. Particularly in tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, increasing N loading has aggravated phosphorus (P) limitation of biomass production, and has resulted in elevated emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and reduced uptake of methane (CH4), both of which are important greenhouse gases. Yet, the interactions of N and P and their effects on GHG emissions remain understudied. Here, we report N2O and CH4 emissions together with soil chemistry data for the a period of 18 months following P addition (79 kg P ha−1 yr−1, applied as NaH2PO4 powder) to a N-saturated, Masson pine-dominated forest at TieShanPing (TSP), Chongqing, SW China. We observed a significant decline both in NO3− concentrations in soil water (at 5- and 20-cm depths) and in N2O emissions, the latter by 3 kg N ha−1 yr−1. We hypothesize that enhanced N uptake by plants and soil microbes in response to P addition, results in less available NO3− for denitrification. By contrast to most other forest ecosystems, TSP is a net source of CH4. As for N2O, P addition significantly decreased CH4 emissions, turning the soil into a net sink. Based on our data and previous studies in South America and China, we believe that P addition relieves N-inhibition of CH4 oxidation. Within the 1.5 years after P addition, no significant increase of forest growth was observed at TSP, but we cannot exclude that understory vegetation increased. Our study suggests that P fertilization of acid forest soils could mitigate GHG emissions in addition to alleviate nutrient imbalances and reduce losses of nitrogen through NO3− leaching and N2O emission.
Quantification of basal ice microbial cell delivery to the glacier margin
Authors: Toubes-Rodrigo Mario , Cook Simon J. , Elliott David , Sen Robin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present the first assessment of microbial cell discharge from sediment-laden glacier basal ice. At Svínafellsjökull, a temperate valley glacier in Iceland, approximately 1017 cells a−1 are transferred through basal ice to the proglacial environment, and between 101 and 106 cells g−1 basal ice were cultured from our samples under laboratory conditions. We suggest that the delivery of viable cells and dead microbial matter to proglacial ecosystems could be playing a crucial role in soil formation and primary succession during deglaciation, but further quantification of cell transfer from a range of glacier contexts is required.
Frequency and distribution of winter melt events from passive microwave
satellite data in the pan-Arctic, 1988–2013
Authors: Wang Libo , Toose Peter , Brown Ross , Derksen Chris
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This study presents an algorithm for detecting winter melt events in seasonal snow cover based on temporal variations in the brightness temperature difference between 19 and 37 GHz from satellite passive microwave measurements. An advantage of the passive microwave approach is that it is based on the physical presence of liquid water in the snowpack, which may not be the case with melt events inferred from surface air temperature data. The algorithm is validated using in situ observations from weather stations, snow pit measurements, and a surface-based passive microwave radiometer. The validation results indicate the algorithm has a high success rate for melt durations lasting multiple hours/days and where the melt event is preceded by warm air temperatures. The algorithm does not reliably identify short-duration events or events that occur immediately after or before periods with extremely cold air temperatures due to the thermal inertia of the snowpack and/or overpass and resolution limitations of the satellite data. The results of running the algorithm over the pan-Arctic region (north of 50° N) for the 1988–2013 period show that winter melt events are relatively rare, totaling less than 1 week per winter over most areas, with higher numbers of melt days (around two weeks per winter) occurring in more temperate regions of the Arctic (e.g., central Québec and Labrador, southern Alaska and Scandinavia). The observed spatial pattern is similar to winter melt events inferred with surface air temperatures from the ERA-Interim (ERA-I) and Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis datasets. There was little evidence of trends in winter melt event frequency over 1988–2013 with the exception of negative trends over northern Europe attributed to a shortening of the duration of the winter period. The frequency of winter melt events is shown to be strongly correlated to the duration of winter period. This must be taken into account when analyzing trends to avoid generating false positive trends from shifts in the timing of the snow cover season.
Measuring sea ice concentration in the Arctic Ocean using SMOS
Authors: Gabarro Carolina , Turiel Antonio , Elosegui Pedro , Pla-Resina Joaquim A. , Portabella Marcos
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present a new method to estimate sea ice concentration in the Arctic Ocean using brightness temperature observations from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) interferometric satellite. The method, which employs a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE), exploits the marked difference in radiative properties between sea ice and seawater, in particular when observed over the wide range of satellite viewing angles afforded by SMOS. Observations at L-band frequencies such as those from SMOS (i.e., 1.4 GHz, or equivalently 21-cm wavelength) are advantageous to remote sensing of sea ice because the atmosphere is virtually transparent at that frequency. We find that sea ice concentration is well determined (correlations of about 0.75) as compared to estimates from other sensors such as the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I and SSMIS). We also find that the efficacy of the method decreases under thin sea ice conditions (ice thickness
La elección del modelo de gestión en la cooperativas españolas
Authors: Garrido Miguel Irene , Salazar Terreros Idana , Vargas Montoya Pilar
Published: November 2016

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los diferentes modelos de gestión que pueden presentar las sociedades cooperativas. Tras una descripción de los modelos monista y dualista, así como de las distintas variantes que puede presentar este último modelo, se analizan los factores determinantes de su elección. Los factores analizados son: el tamaño, la edad y la actividad de la cooperativa. El análisis empírico ha sido realizado a partir de una muestra de empresas cooperativas españolas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el modelo dualista se utiliza, fundamentalmente en empresas grandes, de mayor edad y cuya actividad es la industria o los servicios.
Investigating the Relationship between School Level and a School Growth Mindset
Authors: Hanson Janet , Ruff William , Bangert Arthur
Published: November 2016

This study explored the relationship between school level and the psychosocial construct of a growth mindset school culture. Data was collected on the What’s My School Mindset (WMSM) Survey from a stratified random sample of PK-12 faculty and administrators (n = 347) in 30 schools across a large northwestern state. The overarching research question was, “Is there a relationship between school level and a school’s growth mindset?” Results revealed a significant decrease in the WMSM mean between elementary school level and high school level participant self-reports. Therefore, the results of this study could be used to create opportunities for faculty dialogue and reflection to changes perspectives, inform future practice, provide realistic ways to implement change by using research-based evidence to challenge assumptions; and give sound reasons for new practices.
An Interprofessional Education Project to Address Veterans’ Healthcare Needs
Authors: Peterson Jane , Brommelsiek Margaret , Amelung Sarah Knopf
Published: November 2016

Background/Objective: The number of veterans and their families seeking healthcare and support within civilian communities is increasing worldwide. There is a need for healthcare providers to provide sensitive, comprehensive care for veterans with both physical and behavioral health conditions. Many civilian providers are unfamiliar with veterans’ issues and need training on military culture and combat experiences in order to provide compassionate, high quality care. An interprofessional (IPE) course to increase health professional students’ understanding of military culture and the associated health problems of veterans was implemented and evaluated. Methods: An 8-week IPE immersion course was offered for students with clinical experience at a Veterans’ Health primary care clinic and a didactic component. The class content included military culture, behavioral and physical health disorders common among veterans, and the related behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Faculty-led discussions with students in IPE teams used veteran-focused case studies and standardized patients to prepare students to work in IPE teams in the clinical care of veterans. Results: This educational project was evaluated using quantitative surveys and qualitative reflection questions and focus groups. Students scored high for readiness for interprofessional learning pre-course. Post-course students reported valuing the team approach to veterans care and students engaged in high levels of communication and collaboration within the team. Students’ knowledge scores increased related to understanding of military culture and their patient advocate role. Conclusions: Students learned about military culture and the provision of humanistic, high quality care for military veterans in this clinical and didactic immersion IPE course.
Overheidsparticipatie in burgerprojecten
Authors: Schuilenburg M.B.
Published: November 2016

The role of the government in civilian projects: On the program ‘Community Governs’, Hillesluis and Schrödinger’s Cat

The article is an ethnographical study of a program called ‘Community Governs’ (Buurt Bestuurt) in Rotterdam’s neighborhood Hillesluis. ‘Community Governs’ is a community-based program which goal is to solve crime and disorder problems. The article investigates the role of the local government in this program. Three different roles are discerned: (1) performance, (2) procedural justice, and (3) participation. The results indicate that to the residents of Hillesluis the performance by the local government is the cornerstone of ‘Community Governs’.