bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early results of liver resection using laparoscopic technique
Authors: Stanek Maciej , Pędziwiatr Michał , Radkowiak Dorota , Zychowicz Anna , Budzyński Piotr , Major Piotr , Budzyński Andrzej
Published: April 2016

was to present early outcomes of liver resection using laparoscopic technique.

Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent liver resection using laparoscopic method was conducted. The analyzed group included 23 patients (11 women and 12 men). An average patient age was 61.3 years (37 – 83 years). Metastases of the colorectal cancer to the liver were the cause for qualification to the procedure of 15 patients, metastasis of breast cancer in 1 patient and primary liver malignancy in 5 patients. The other 2 patients were qualified to the liver resection to widen the surgical margins due to gall-bladder cancer diagnosed in the pathological assessment of the specimen resected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, initially performed for other than oncology indications.

Hemihepatectomy was performed in 11 patients (9 right and 2 left), while the other 12 patients underwent minor resection procedures (5 metastasectomies, 4 nonanatomical liver resections, 1 bisegmentectomy, 2 resections of the gall-bladder fossa). An average duration of the surgical procedure was 275 minutes 65 – 600). An average size of the resected tumors was 28 mm (7 – 55 mm). In three cases conversion to laparotomy occurred, caused by excessive bleeding from the liver parenchyma. Postoperative complications were found in 4 patients (17.4%). Median hospitalization duration was 6 days (2 – 130 days). One patient (4.3%) was rehospitalized due to subhepatic abscess and required reoperation. Histopathology assessment confirmed radical resection (R0) in all patients in our group.

Laparoscopic liver resections seem to be an interesting alternative in the treatment of focal lesions in the liver.
Massive inflammatory reaction following the removal of a ruptured silicone implant masking the invasive breast cancer – case report and literature review
Authors: Nowaczyk Piotr , Budnicka Aleksandra , Wichtowski Mateusz , Kurzawa Paweł , Murawa Dawid
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a case of a patient with invasive ductal breast cancer following breast augmentation. Following breast implants rupture in March 2013 the breast implants have been removed – histopathological examination revealed leaked silicone with inflammatory infiltration, without evidence of cancerous lesions. Diagnostic imaging revealed multiple encapsulated silicone particles and clusters of post-inflammatory macrocalcifications in both breasts. In January 2014 the patient presented with symptoms of massive inflammation of the left breast. Following surgical consultation the patient had undergone radical left-sided mastectomy with lymphadenectomy. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed a multifocal advanced invasive ductal cancer G3 pT3pN3a (vascular invasion, metastases in 11 of 12 examined axillary lymph nodes). Following surgery the patient was qualified for further treatment – chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy. The discussion includes a review of literature on the risk evaluation of co-occurrence of breast cancers in women with silicone breast implants and presents diagnostic challenges of breast cancer in this patient group.
Penetrating trauma to the facial skeleton by pickaxe – case report
Authors: Neskoromna-Jędrzejczak Aneta , Bogusiak Katarzyna , Przygoński Aleksander , Timler Dariusz
Published: April 2016

Number of deaths related with injuries suffered as a result of experienced traumas is increasing. Penetrating traumas of the facial skeleton occur relatively rarely and much more often concern rather children than adults. Epidemiology relating this kind of trauma differs depending on the region of the world. In Poland, gunshot injuries as well as traumas caused by explosions of firecrackers or fireworks amount only to a slight percentage among all facial skeleton traumas, and the most common reason for penetrating traumas lies in accidents or assault with the use of sharp, narrow and long objects that easily enter bones of the facial skeleton.

The present study reported the case of 50-year-old man who suffered from trauma of the facial skeleton, which resulted from foreign body (pickaxe) penetration into the subtemporal area, zygomatic arch and the right orbital cavity. The surgical treatment method and final outcome was presented and discussed.
Isolation and genetic analysis of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China
Authors: Li Ren-feng , Tian Xiang-qin , Liu Yong , Xu Jing , Liu Dong-yang
Published: April 2016

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is having a severe effect on the pig breeding industry in central China. The mucosa and the content of the small intestine from newborn pre-weaned piglets with diarrhea were tested for the presence of PEDV by molecular and morphologic methods, and found to be positive. Negative-staining electron microscopy (EM) revealed the presence of coronavirus- like particles in the samples. The result of molecular detection by nested RT-PCR based on the amplification of the M gene was positive. Using a novel alternative method we successfully propagated the PEDV strain (CH/QX-2) in Vero cells, confirmed by ultrathin sections of the cells and Immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial S gene showed that the CH/QX-2 isolate was genetically closer to strains more commonly found in China, but differed genetically from two domestic strains (CH/S, 1986 and LZC, 2007), Korean strains (DR13, 2007), and the vaccine strain (CV777 vs) currently being used in China. CH/QX-2 formed a unique clade in the derived phylogenetic tree indicating that the CH/QX-2 strain currently circulating in central China is a new variant of PEDV. This study extends current knowledge on the diversity and epidemiology of PEDV.
An analysis of pH, pO2 and pCO2 in the peritoneal fluid of dogs with ascites of various etiologies
Authors: Glińska-Suchocka K. , Sławuta P. , Jankowski M. , Kubiak K. , Spużak J. , Borusewicz P.
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to assess pH, pO2 and pCO2 in peritoneal fluid. The study was conducted on a group of 22 dogs with symptoms of ascites. Group 1 consisted of 4 dogs with adenocarcinoma, group 2 - of 6 dogs with glomerulonephritis, group 3 of 8 dogs with hepatic cirrhosis and group 4 of 4 dogs with bacterial peritonitis. An abdominal cavity puncture was performed in all dogs and the fluid was drawn into a heparinized syringe in order to assess pH, pO2 and pCO2 . The analysis of pH in the peritoneal fluid revealed statistically significant differences between group 4 and groups 1 (p=0.01), 2 (p=0.01), and 3 (p=0.01). The lowest pH value compared to the other studied groups was recorded in group 4. In group 4, the pO2 was the lowest compared to the other groups (group 1 p=0.01, group 2 p=0.01, group 3 p=0.01). The value of pCO2 was the highest in group 4 compared to groups 1, 2, and 3. The study found statistically significant differences in pH, pCO2 and pCO2 between group 4 (the group of dogs with bacterial peritonitis) and the other groups of dogs. This was probably linked to the pathogenesis of peritonitis. As a result of an inflammatory reaction within the peritoneal cavity, there is an increase in fibrin accumulations leading to a decreased oxygen supply causing the oxidative glucose metabolism to change into a non-oxidative glucose metabolism. This, in turn, causes a decrease in pH, acidosis, and a low oxidoreduction potential. It also impairs phagocytosis and activates proteolytic enzymes which create ideal conditions for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. The obtained results indicate that the pH, pO2 and pCO2 may be used to differentiate bacterial peritonitis from ascites of other etiologies.
Effects of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) on selected quality parameters of cryopreserved bull semen (AI) with reduced sperm motility
Authors: Lecewicz M. , Kordan W. , Majewska A. , Kamiński S. , Dziekońska A. , Mietelska K.
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on selected quality parameters of cryopreserved bull semen with reduced sperm motility used for artificial insemination. The aim of experiment 1 was to identify the optimal concentration of the phospholipid able to preserve sperm viability. Cryopreserved semen was treated with different PAF concentrations: 1×10-5M, 1×10-6M, 1×10-7M, 1×10-8M and 1×10-9M. The experiment demonstrated that PAF at concentration 1×10-9M increased most the sperm viability parameters (motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial function) after 120 min of incubation of thawed semen at 37°C. Cryopreserved bull semen with reduced sperm motility (below 70%) was supplemented with PAF in a concentration of 1×10-9M. A statistically significant increase in sperm motility, percentage of linear motile spermatozoa and VSL value was observed after 120 min incubation of sperm with 1×10-9M PAF. Sperm supplementation with PAF also had positive effects on plasma membrane integrity and percentage of spermatozoa with preserved mitochondrial transmembrane potential, but the differences were not statistically significant. The results indicated positive effects of PAF supplementation at a concentration of 1×10-9M on the selected sperm quality parameters in cryopreserved bull semen with reduced motility.
Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and lipid metabolism parameters changes in different production cycle periods of Holstein-Friesian, Polish Red and Norwegian breeds
Authors: Kulka M. , Kołodziejska-Lesisz J. , Kluciński W.
Published: April 2016

We investigated the measurement of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), as a potential marker of redox state changes in dairy cows, its involvement in lipid metabolism and compared it with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity changes. We also evaluated lipid metabolism parameters associated with dairy production. PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase acitvities, SOD activity, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), uric acid (UA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in Holstein-Friesian, Polish Red and Norwegian breeds serum in two production cycles. Our data showed a significant postpartum depletion in PON1 activity and lipoprotein and lipid products concentrations, with elevated BHB values. However, there were no significant changes in SOD activity and uric acid concentrations in Holstein-Friesian and Polish Red breeds after calving. At lactation peak there was a significant SOD activity decrease correlated with standardized PON1 activity depletion in all examined breeds. The results suggest that PON1 might be a better parameter for minimal redox state changes in serum, shortly after labour in the examined breeds.
Ghrelin and its correlation with leptin, energy related metabolites and thyroidal hormones in dairy cows in transitional period
Authors: Nowroozi-Asl A. , Aarabi N. , Rowshan-Ghasrodashti A.
Published: April 2016

The transition from late gestation to early lactation is a critical period in a dairy cow’s life so that dairy cows undergo tremendous changes during this period.

The aim of this study was to determine blood levels of ghrelin, leptin, glucose, β-ydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in dairy Holstein cows (n = 20) and their correlations during the transition period.

Blood samples were collected weekly from 3 wk antepartum to 6 wk postpartum from 20 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. Ghrelin and leptin of plasma and glucose, BHB, NEFA, TG, T3, T4 of serum were then measured.

Early lactation cows showed significantly higher (p<0.05) values of ghrelin, BHB and NEFA, and lower levels of leptin, TG, T3 and T4 (p<0.05) compared to late dry cows. Serum concentrations of glucose did not differ significantly at any time (P>0.05).

Plasma ghrelin concentrations showed positive correlations with the serum BHB and NEFA (p<0.01), while plasma ghrelin had negative correlations (p<0.01) with leptin, TG, T3 and T4. In addition, no significant correlation (p>0.05) was found between ghrelin and glucose.

The results of the study showed that blood ghrelin, leptin, BHB and NEFA levels are sensitive indicators of the energy balance during the peri-partum period in dairy cows and glucose values may not be considered as a precise indicator of negative energy balance in dairy cows.
Preparation and characterization of SiO2/fluoroalkyl-trialkoxysilane/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/trimethylolpropane triacrylate and SiO2/3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate/ 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/trimethylolpropane triacrylate coatings on glass substrates using the sol-gel method
Authors: Chiu Wei-Ming , Syu Jhih-Siao , Tsai Peir-An , Wu Jyh-Horng
Published: April 2016

Organic/inorganic hybrid materials were formed using the sol-gel process, in which SiO2/fluoroalkyl-trialkoxysilane (FAS)/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA)/trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and SiO2/3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MSMA)/ 2-HEMA/TMPTA thin films were formed on a glass substrate using dip coating. Experimental results revealed that FAS and MSMA improved the pencil hardness of SiO2/2-HEMA/TMPTA thin films without affecting their optical properties. FAS strengthened the hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of SiO2/2-HEMA/TMPTA thin films more than did MSMA. However, an excess of FAS and an increase in withdrawal rates deteriorates the gloss, because both increased the SiO2 content, reducing the reflectivity.
Characterizing Surface and Air Temperature in the Baltic Sea Coastal Area Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Gis
Authors: Chybicki Andrzej , Kulawiak Marcin , Łubniewski Zbigniew
Published: April 2016

Estimation of surface temperature using multispectral imagery retrieved from satellite sensors constitutes several problems in terms of accuracy, accessibility, quality and evaluation. In order to obtain accurate results, currently utilized methods rely on removing atmospheric fluctuations in separate spectral windows, applying atmospheric corrections or utilizing additional information related to atmosphere or surface characteristics like atmospheric water vapour content, surface effective emissivity correction or transmittance correction. Obtaining accurate results of estimation is particularly critical for regions with fairly non-uniform distribution of surface effective emissivity and surface characteristics such as coastal zone areas.

The paper presents the relationship between retrieved land surface temperature, air temperature, sea surface temperature and vegetation indices (VI) calculated based on remote observations in the coastal zone area. An indirect comparison method between remotely estimated surface temperature and air temperature using LST/VI feature space characteristics in an operational Geographic Information System is also presented.
Modelling 3D Steam Turbine Flow Using Thermodynamic Properties of Steam Iapws-95
Authors: Rusanow A.V. , Lampart P. , Pashchenko N.V. , Rusanov R.A.
Published: April 2016

An approach to approximate equations of state for water and steam (IAPWS-95) for the calculation of three-dimensional flows of steam in turbomachinery in a range of operation of the present and future steam turbines is described. Test calculations of three-dimensional viscous flow in an LP steam turbine using various equations of state (perfect gas, Van der Waals equation, equation of state for water and steam IAPWS-95) are made. The comparison of numerical results with experimental data is also presented.
Problems of Equivalent Load Amplitude in Fatigue Life Calculations
Authors: Ligaj Bogdan , Sołtysiak Robert
Published: April 2016

This paper presents issues of fatigue life calculations in operational load conditions. The assumed runs were so processed as to get a set of sinusoidal cycles by using the following methods: full cycles counting method and rainflow counting method. On the basis of such sets of cycles of the varying parameters Sm i and Sa i were prepared block load spectra of equivalent amplitudes Saz , obtained with the use of an original method of these authors, in which two-parameter fatigue characteristics were applied. The work resulted in comparison of fatigue life results for load spectra determined by using the assumed cycles counting methods and the assumed two-parameter fatigue characteristics: the model IM, model II, model III and model IV, respectively.
Profit Optimalization in Operation Systems
Authors: Knopik Leszek , Migawa Klaudiusz , Wdzięczny Andrzej
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of reducing the number of secondary damage to profit from the work of a technical object. Considering the criterion function that describes the average profit from the work of a technical object in the operation system. The study analyses a model of profit optimization, in which the design criterion function is based on the properties of Poisson branch process. Criterion function that describes the average gain is considered in the work at sufficiently general factors. Profit lifting model from the work of a technical facility is numerically exemplified. For the analysed electrical subsystem, intervals of time between the initial damage have exponential distribution, and between secondary damage - gamma distribution. In the presented example, the ability of profit optimization in operation systems of technical objects is demonstrated.
CzEngVallex: a Bilingual Czech-English Valency Lexicon
Authors: Urešová Zdeňka , Fučíková Eva , Šindlerová Jana
Published: April 2016

This paper introduces a new bilingual Czech-English verbal valency lexicon (called CzEng-Vallex) representing a relatively large empirical database. It includes 20,835 aligned valency frame pairs (i.e., verb senses which are translations of each other) and their aligned arguments. This new lexicon uses data from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank and also takes advantage of the existing valency lexicons for both languages: the PDT-Vallex for Czech and the EngVallex for English. The CzEngVallex is available for browsing as well as for download in the LINDAT/CLARIN repository.

The CzEngVallex is meant to be used not only by traditional linguists, lexicographers, translators but also by computational linguists both for the purposes of enriching theoretical linguistic accounts of verbal valency from a cross-linguistic perspective and for an innovative use in various NLP tasks.
CloudLM: a Cloud-based Language Model for Machine Translation
Authors: Ferrández-Tordera Jorge , Ortiz-Rojas Sergio , Toral Antonio
Published: April 2016

Language models (LMs) are an essential element in statistical approaches to natural language processing for tasks such as speech recognition and machine translation (MT). The advent of big data leads to the availability of massive amounts of data to build LMs, and in fact, for the most prominent languages, using current techniques and hardware, it is not feasible to train LMs with all the data available nowadays. At the same time, it has been shown that the more data is used for a LM the better the performance, e.g. for MT, without any indication yet of reaching a plateau. This paper presents CloudLM, an open-source cloud-based LM intended for MT, which allows to query distributed LMs. CloudLM relies on Apache Solr and provides the functionality of state-of-the-art language modelling (it builds upon KenLM), while allowing to query massive LMs (as the use of local memory is drastically reduced), at the expense of slower decoding speed.
An Algorithm for Morphological Segmentation of Esperanto Words
Authors: Guinard Theresa
Published: April 2016

Morphological analysis (finding the component morphemes of a word and tagging morphemes with part-of-speech information) is a useful preprocessing step in many natural language processing applications, especially for synthetic languages. Compound words from the constructed language Esperanto are formed by straightforward agglutination, but for many words, there is more than one possible sequence of component morphemes. However, one segmentation is usually more semantically probable than the others. This paper presents a modified n-gram Markov model that finds the most probable segmentation of any Esperanto word, where the model’s states represent morpheme part-of-speech and semantic classes. The overall segmentation accuracy was over 98% for a set of presegmented dictionary words.
A Comparison of Four Character-Level String-to-String Translation Models for (OCR) Spelling Error Correction
Authors: Eger Steffen , Brück Tim vor der , Mehler Alexander
Published: April 2016

We consider the isolated spelling error correction problem as a specific subproblem of the more general string-to-string translation problem. In this context, we investigate four general string-to-string transformation models that have been suggested in recent years and apply them within the spelling error correction paradigm. In particular, we investigate how a simple ‘k-best decoding plus dictionary lookup’ strategy performs in this context and find that such an approach can significantly outdo baselines such as edit distance, weighted edit distance, and the noisy channel Brill and Moore model to spelling error correction. We also consider elementary combination techniques for our models such as language model weighted majority voting and center string combination. Finally, we consider real-world OCR post-correction for a dataset sampled from medieval Latin texts.
Universal Annotation of Slavic Verb Forms
Authors: Zeman Daniel
Published: April 2016

This article proposes application of a subset of the Universal Dependencies (UD) standard to the group of Slavic languages. The subset in question comprises morphosyntactic features of various verb forms. We systematically document the inventory of features observable with Slavic verbs, giving numerous examples from 10 languages. We demonstrate that terminology in literature may differ, yet the substance remains the same. Our goal is practical. We definitely do not intend to overturn the many decades of research in Slavic comparative linguistics. Instead, we want to put the properties of Slavic verbs in the context of UD, and to propose a unified (Slavic-wide) application of UD features and values to them. We believe that our proposal is a compromise that could be accepted by corpus linguists working on all Slavic languages.
2. Some Aspects of Developing Musical Thinking in the Training of Musical Student
Authors: Tetelea Margarita , Glebov Ana
Published: April 2016

This article examines various approaches and methods used to develop musical thinking in students. It also reveals some of the principles, developed by a number of scientists to facilitate the process. One of the new principles of developing musical thinking is internalization of music, proposed by the Moldovan professor and musicologist Ion Gagim, who in his works justifies its use from the philosophical, musicological, psychological and pedagogical perspectives.
3. The Fields of Arts the General Education System the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Morari Marina
Published: April 2016

The general education system identifies two approaches for encompassing arts: through the curricular field and through the extracurricular and extra-scholastic aesthetic education. The fields of arts are assigning a sector, an area of activity, a branch or a compartment. In the general education system, the fields of art have been differently formed. As a school subject, art is being studied through literature, music and fine arts. Some of them are not included in the educational plan (theatre, choreography). The statute of arts (literature, music, fine arts) in the educational system is outlined from two perspectives: art as a school subject and art as an artistic activity. The area of art shall not be reduced to a school subject or a type of arts. The artistic education in the educational system corresponds to the aesthetic education compartment and it happens in the extracurricular and extra-scholastic educational framework. According to the classic, traditional theory, the aesthetic education often is reduced to the level of artistic education. An efficient perspective in capitalizing the fields of art through education may be the extension of the artistic education borders outside the aesthetic values, by extra-aesthetic values – behavioral, moral, spiritual, social etc.
4. Passion in the Work of Johann Sebastian Bach
Authors: Medňanský Karol
Published: April 2016

Passions are exceptionally important in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. His passion compositions are based particularly on Luther’s reformation, chiefly on developmental tendency which is based on the works of Johann Walter, Hans Leo Hassler and Michael Praetorius. The most significant forerunner of J. S. Bach was Heinrich Schütz. J. S. Bach’s textual aspect is aimed at the model of passion oratorio the main representative of which was a librettist Heinrich Brockes who worked in Hamburg. The interesting fact is that before the arrival of J. S. Bach, in 1723, there was no long tradition of passions in Leipzig. They were performed there in 1721 for the first time. J. S. Bach is demonstrably the author of the two passions: St Matthew Passion BWV 244 and St John Passion BWV 245. The authorship of Johann Sebastian Bach in St. Lukas Passion BWV 246 is strongly called into question and from St Mark Passion BWV 24 only the text was preserved.
10. Strategic Dimensions of Permanent Musical Education as a Part of the Development of Personality’s Musical Culture
Authors: Cosumov Marina
Published: April 2016

Education is a sustainable human development strategic resource in postmodern society, being historically, culturally, socially, economically placed in time and space. The educational reform, based on curricular approach, involves radical changes in musical and artistic education, and this is “a precondition for the formation of an intelligent personality, with high moral and spiritual aspirations” [3]. The valuation of the arts products will foster musical artistic scope concern and it will ensure continuity in connection with art of music.
11. Traditional and Innovative Methods in Approaching Music Styles. Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Iaţeşen Loredana Viorica
Published: April 2016

The approach to music styles entails an in-depth musicological analysis aimed at synthesizing numerous bibliographical sources belonging to different fields and directions of research. A chronological overview of studies (Jean Molino, Fait musical et sémiologie de la musique, 1975; Jean Jaques Nattiez, Quelques reflexions du style, 1993; R. J. Pascall, Style, in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1994; Jean Jaques Nattiez, La musique de l’avenir, in Musique. Une Encyclopédie pour le XXI siècle, 2003; Mario Baroni, Stil şi mutaţii stilistice în tradiţia muzicală europeană, in Musique Une encyclopédie pour le XXI siècle, 2006) and of universal (Leonard Meyer, Explaining Music, 1973; Charles Rosen, Le style classique: Haydn. Mozart, Beethoven, 1978; Leonard B. Meyer, Style and Music. Theory, History and Ideology, 1989; and Romanian specialised literature (Cornel Ţăranu, Elemente de stilistică muzicală (sec. XX), 1981; Edgar Papu, Despre stiluri, 1986; Valentina Sandu-Dediu, Alegeri Atitudini Afecte, 2010; Vasile Iliuţ, O carte a stilurilor muzicale, 2011; Valentin Timaru, Stilistică muzicală, 2014) from the late 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, reveal the different and, more often than not, contrasting views of historians, analysts, aestheticians, philosophers, scholars and educators, starting from the meaning of the very idea of style, to the reception of this phenomenon in contemporaneity. On these grounds, this study proposes a systematization of the most relevant landmarks in documentation to date, for the purpose of applying them from a didactic perspective.
12. Collaborative Learning – A Possible Approach of Learning in the Discipline of Study Musical Analysis
Authors: Vlahopol Gabriela
Published: April 2016

The musician’s typology is anchored, according to the traditional perception, within the limits of an individualistic image, which searches, develops and affirms its creativity following an individual training process. The collaborative learning is one of the educational patterns less used in the artistic education, being limited to several disciplines whose specificity requires appurtenance to a study group (for instance chamber training, orchestra). The method’s application to the theoretical disciplines often encounters reserves both on part of the teachers and the students as well, because of the efforts required for its design and implementation. The study herein offers a possible approach of collaborative learning within the course of study Musical Analysis, pleading for the need of the social component development of the learning activities of the instrumental performer student, by his involvement within a study group.
2. Gestaltdrama as an Integrative Psychotherapeutic Approach
Authors: Polínek Martin Dominik
Published: April 2016

The following text is an overview study which defines the basic phenomena and effective factors of Gestalt drama and outlines some of the researches carried out in this area by the author during recent years. Gestalt drama is the name of a specific psychotherapeutic approach applied by the author in his practice, which combines Gestalt therapy with expressive approaches (especially with dramatherapy, theatrotherapy and fairytale-therapy). Linking Gestalt therapy and expressive techniques results in a specific psychotherapeutic approach whose versatility and holistic conception makes it suitable not only for psychotherapy but also for self-development of people with special needs, as it has the potential to meet the higher psychological needs even when the lower needs are not sufficiently saturated. The article further presents the interpretation of the partial results of research focusing on the analysis of integration performance where gestaltdrama techniques have been applied. These performances resulted from one-day dramatherapy workshops with clients suffering from mental retardation and with clients with behavioural disorders. This includes the analysis of differences between dramatical expression within the above target groups.
3. Specifics of Implementation Forum Theatre for People with Mild and Moderate Mental Retardation
Authors: Kozáková Zdeňka
Published: April 2016

The paper presents an empirical study in the area of implementation theatre forum for people with mild and moderate mental retardation in an environment of sheltered housing. Forum Theatre already takes place in primary schools, in orphanages, in the Roma community and so on. There is a lack of experience and research studies with the target group of people with intellectual disabilities. The present research was carried out in several phases over a period of one year. The main objective was to determine whether it is possible to use forum theatre techniques and subjects with mild to moderate mental retardation - whether this target group will be able to process the theatre forum to engage, understand the meaning and function of these techniques and that these techniques can be used as an alternative remedy to solve the problem and conflict situations. The research sample consisted of 11 adult clients of sheltered housing with mild to moderate mental retardation and 11 members of the realization team of the forum theatre (7 Actors and 4 employees in direct care in sheltered housing). Used qualitative research methods were focus groups (always followed the realization of the theatre workshop forum), participant observation and quantitative method was a questionnaire. Research has brought new insights and information.
4. Evaluation of Programmes in Psychomotor Therapy
Authors: Lucká Zuzana Fábry , Lištiaková Ivana
Published: April 2016

Psychomotoriktherapie orientiert sich an einem Pädagogischen-therapeutischen Konzept der Entwicklungsförderung. Sie Sich mit den befasst Wechselwirkungen Zwischen Wahrnehmen, Fühlen, Denken, Bewegen und verhalten, Eulen Deren körperlichem Ausdruck. Dieser Bericht bietet einen Überblick über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse Psychomotorische Therapie, welche ergänzende Komponenten dieser Programme können auf eine Verbesserung des emotionalen Wohlbefindens. Die Autorinnen realisiert die Bewertung der Psychomotorische Therapie-Programme im Hinblick auf die psychomotorische Komponenten (neuromotorik, senzomotorik, psychomotorik und sociomotorik). Die Ergebnisse zeigten, Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Programmen je nach S
4. Principles of Art from Antiquity to Contemporary Pedagogy in the Context of Methodology of Art Education
Authors: Olimpiada Arbuz-Spatari
Published: April 2016

The methodologies of Art Education is a system of educational documents - principles, rules, methods, procedures, forms - designed determinative - reflective thinking from teleology, content, communication arts / cultural / scientific, reception and receiver topic communicating, and are subject oriented educated / creator student under the laws of education, communication and artistic principles.
5. Bessarabian in the Modern Engraving Constitution and Interference with its European Art
Authors: Saviţkaia-Baraghin Iarîna
Published: April 2016

Runing the new century (XX) attests in Bessarabian art, the experience of several decades of professional artistic activity (the first Evening School of Drawing appears in Chisinau in 1887 and is due scholar Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, Terinte Zubcu). Such short experience has not met any of the neighboring countries' national schools. In Bessarabia from the beginning of the twentieth century is established the main areas of professional art – painting- with remarkable portraits, landscapes, genre paintings; sculpture with respective genres; stampa as a kind of graphics. Marked by the period and by the influences of art schools, where Bessarabians have studied, it is clear that in painting and sculpture and graphics in the first round, have dominated peredvizhnik influences their color and monochrome theme. Guidelines of Bessarabian plastic artists in the development phase of modern art, is the decisive moment of establishment of the Bessarabian engraving as a kind of professional art, marked by tendencies that have appeared in European art and Russian at the limit of nineteenth and twentieth centuries, such as Expressionism in the works of Sneer Cogan, George Ceglocof and Art 1900 in the works of Theodor Kiriacoff, Elisabeth Ivanovsky or Moissey Kogan.
2. Artistic Personality in the Light of Socio - Cultural Integration
Authors: Rusu Marinela
Published: April 2016

Artistic personality was interpreted in various ways through the ages. The power of creativity, individual perseverance and imaginative force made the artist a special person, different from most people, being equipped with unique, unrepeatable skills. This paper presents some of the most important approaches to the personality of the creator, from the questionable Freudian theory to the psycho-biological approaches of Peckham. Through his works, the artist expresses not only his personal anxieties or emotional ardent feelings but also, reflects a conscious level of the social group, being himself adapted to human values, characteristic of the era and society to which he belongs. Maybe, sometimes, wrong regarded as deviant personalities or too much exposed to excesses, artists remain, undoubtedly, brave in Creativity, in the cultural and social original development process. Their integration in this ensemble completes the picture we have about development and social evolution, and gives us access to more elevated human values.
3. The Formation of Musical Competences: Methodological Approachesin the Process of Artistic-Aesthetic Acquisition
Authors: Crişciuc Viorica
Published: April 2016

The article hereby includes conceptual aspects of the musical competences formation. It describes the realization of this process operating with the concepts of well-known occidental, Russian and local researchers. One of the ideas characteristic to the researchers’ pedagogical thinking is that, during the process of musical competence formation through art, the acquisition process mechanism is happening. For integrity in insuring the practical realization at of a musical education, the methodology we propose is based on research, an imposing theoretical network of successful pedagogical practices of remarkable scientists from all over the world. The analyzed theories are a source of inspiration and constitute the theoretical universe which contributes to as truthful as possible musical education.
6. Variables and Constants in the Curriculum for the Music Specialisations of the Romanian University Education
Authors: Paşca Eugenia Maria
Published: April 2016

The Romanian academic system must adapt to the changing demands imposed by the European educational standards, according to the conventions of Bologna and Lisbon. The compatibilisation of university paths in creating the curricula must consider the competences which are to be acquired. The responsibility belongs equally to the institutions providing academic programs, but also to the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. We intend to analyse comparatively both the constant and variable elements of the academic programs for the Music field. The efficiency of these programs is particularly reflected from the point of view of insertion in the labour market, so the direct beneficiaries are the graduate students.
8. Therapeutic and Educational Potential of Combining Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Art – Qualitative Analysis of a Case Study
Authors: Růžička Michal , Krahulcová Kristýna , Chrastina Jan
Published: April 2016

Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy is, just like other psychotherapeutic systems, of an eclectic nature. Should a therapist be successful across a wide range of issues, he/she needs to be adaptable, flexible and eclectic in terms of the techniques applied. Eclectically oriented therapists use a wide range of interventions; however, they adhere to individual theoretical structures. The aim of the paper is to point out the application of a combination of artistic activities within the system of the Cognitive behavioural therapy. For this purpose the paper presents a qualitative analysis of two case studies. We formulated the following research questions. Can the methods of combining the cognitive behavioural therapy and art accelerate the course of therapy? Can the methods of combining the cognitive behavioural therapy and art be perceived by the client as effective? The phenomenon investigated in the case study is a functional analysis of a client’s case and subsequent application of therapeutic and educational techniques of the Cognitive behavioural therapy and art. In both case studies it was demonstrated that the involvement of therapeutic elements accelerated the course of therapy. The clients in the research sample assessed the therapy as beneficial.
Selective di- and monochlorination of pyridazine-annelated bis(imidazolium) salts
Authors: Raible Benjamin , Kunz Doris
Published: April 2016

A synthetic route for the selective di- and monochlorination of pyridazine annelated bis(imidazolium) salts at the formamidinium moieties with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is presented. Due to the steric hindrance, the molecular structure of the dichlorobis(imidazolium) salt shows a pronounced torsion from planarity as well as a deviation of the C–Cl bond vectors from the ideal bisecting line of the respective NCN angles such as to avoid each other. The monochlorinated bis(imidazolium) salt is free of steric hindrance and therefore shows less deviation from the parent bis(imidazolium) salt. In the presence of acetate the chloroimidazolium salt acts as a chlorination agent for acetate leading to formation of acetyl chloride and the respective urea.
Effect of Ambient Temperature Variation on Triaxial Shear Testing of Sands
Authors: Sadrekarimi A.
Published: April 2016

Triaxial shear tests are often carried out in a temperature controlled laboratory environment, and a few degrees change in ambient temperature are often neglected or considered to have negligible effect on the experiment. In this study, the effect of the ambient temperature fluctuation on volume and pore water pressure measurements is investigated for triaxial testing of sand samples. The experimental results show that even few degrees (±2°C) variation in temperature can produce relatively large pore water pressures in a saturated soil specimen in triaxial testing. These changes can particularly impact triaxial shear testing results of sands. An analytical procedure is also introduced that reasonably captures temperature-induced volume and pore pressure changes in a triaxial sample. The analytical method is then used for a parametric study of the mechanisms involved in temperature-induced effects.
True Triaxial Apparatus With Rigid-Flexible-Flexible Boundary and Remolded Loess Testing
Authors: Shao S. , Wang Q. , Luo A. , Shao S.
Published: April 2016

Several kinds of true triaxial apparatuses have been devised and applied to obtaining the strength and deformability behavior of soils under different stress paths. However, for these true triaxial apparatuses with flexible loading boundaries boundary interference is still not solved. This paper presents a new type of true triaxial apparatus, with rigid-flexible-flexible boundaries, which addresses the boundary interference using four division strip-platens. This apparatus applies three principal stresses on a 70-mm cuboidal specimen from two rigid platens along the vertical direction and four hydraulic rubber bags around four side faces of the cuboidal specimen. The rigid platens and hydraulic rubber bags were assembled in a true triaxial chamber and driven by three servo-hydraulic cylinders. Four division strip-platens are installed along the lateral edges of the confining side wall of the chamber to separate adjacent rubber hydraulic bags and can adjust themselves to accommodate dimensional changes in the deforming specimen. Therefore, this apparatus does not only allow independent control of stresses applied in three dimensions to a cuboidal specimen but also resolve the boundary interferences. The effectiveness of this apparatus was confirmed by tests on remolded loess under five stress paths with the intermediate principal stress parameter b = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. The test results show that the stress–strain relationship, volume strain, and failure strength of remolded loess depend on the stress path.
Prevention of Mine-Shaft Failure by Aquifer Replenishment
Authors: Liu S.-Q. , Jie Y.-X. , Xu Y.-C.
Published: April 2016

Over 100 mine shaft failures have occurred in coal mines of the Huang-Huai region of China over the last three decades. While traditional treatment measures are time-consuming and typically require re-application, the approach of maintaining the water level during mining is a promising technique, first employed in 2011 in the Jisan coal mine by injecting groundwater into the aquifer. In this study, this approach has been improved upon and applied to the Dongtan coal mine. The water level in the middle and lower lithological groups was maintained by replenishing water from the upper group. The water replenishment operation was implemented on November 22, 2012; monitoring indicated relief of compressive strain in the shaft wall, suggesting the efficacy of this treatment method. The number of coal mine shafts, either built or under construction, has reached several hundred in the Huang-Huai region, most of which have an alluvium structure similar to the Jisan and Dongtan coal mines. Therefore, the results of this study have the potential for common use in engineering methods to avoid potential shaft damage or failure, as well as the long-term treatment of already fractured shafts.
Evaluating the Competitive Strategy of Tablet PC Industry by Using Fuzzy Group Decision Making Techniques
Authors: Chang S.-C. , Tsai P.-H.
Published: April 2016

This study mainly evaluated the competitive strategy of the tablet PC industry based on the benefits, opportunity, costs, and risks (BOCR) conceptual framework. We first adopted DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) to address the relationships among the variables and then used the fuzzy group decision making techniques (FGDMT) tools (fuzzy analytic hierarchy/network process (FAHP/FANP) and the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno (VIKOR) method) to construct the tablet PC evaluation competitive strategy model under a fuzzy environment. The empirical results revealed that a firm's revenue growth, capacity for profitability, product design, and product function are highly important evaluation indices. This indicated that tablet PC companies should channel more efforts into their product innovation for creating revenue growth and maintaining customer loyalty. Finally, based on the findings, managerial and policy recommendations were provided to enable more effective strategic decision making for tablet PC industry.
Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis of Gas Mixtures at Low Temperatures for Homeland Security Applications
Authors: Meier D. C. , Benkstein K. D. , Hurst W. S. , Chu P. M.
Published: April 2016

Performance standard specifications for point chemical vapor detectors are established in ASTM E2885-13 and ASTM E2933-13. The performance evaluation of the detectors requires the accurate delivery of known concentrations of the chemical target to the system under test. Referee methods enable the analyte test concentration and associated uncertainties in the analyte test concentration to be validated by independent analysis, which is especially important for reactive analytes. This work extends the capability of a previously demonstrated method for using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy for quantitatively evaluating the composition of vapor streams containing hazardous materials at acute exposure guideline levels (AEGL) to include test conditions colder than laboratory ambient temperatures. The described method covers the use of primary reference spectra to establish analyte concentrations, the generation of secondary reference spectra suitable for measuring analyte concentrations under specified testing environments, and the use of additional reference spectra and spectral profile strategies to mitigate the uncertainties due to impurities and water condensation within the low-temperature (7°C, −5°C) test cell. Important benefits of this approach include verification of the test analyte concentration with characterized uncertainties by in situ measurements co-located with the detector under test, near-real-time feedback, and broad applicability to toxic industrial chemicals.