bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Mobile Phone Game Addiction on Sri Lankan Teenagers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Karunanayake D. D. K. S. , Perera R. A. A. R. , Vimukthi N. D. U.
Published: January 2021

Technology has become an essential part of human life and it has significantly changed the behaviors of individuals. One of the popular applications of technology is the smartphone and it has an inseparable relationship with modern teenagers. With the improvement of technology, many teenagers use their mobile phones for playing games. Teenagers use these games for multiple purposes such as a hobby, for relaxation, to be adventurous, and for gambling. Most of the time it is started as a hobby but sometimes it becomes an addiction. The current study examined the impact of mobile phone game addiction on Sri Lankan teenagers. The main objectives were to identify how mobile phone game addiction affected their academic performance, aggression, self-identity, physical health, mental health, and family relationships. The study was conducted according to the qualitative research method. Six teenage participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that the influence of mobile phone game addiction differs according to the amount of time they play. From the participants’ point of view, mobile phone gaming is a major barrier for academics and physical health and it increased their aggression. Results show that it has no powerful effect on self-identity and mental well being. Its effect on family relationships is neutral. Most of the participants wanted to stop playing games but a few didn’t see anything wrong with playing mobile games. More research is needed to identify reasons as to why they are addicted to games and how to rescue them from mobile phone game addiction.
Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles at Chiremera Locality, Vanduzi - Mozambique
Authors: Manhice António C. , Simões Crizalda E. , Zondane Moreno L.
Published: January 2021

Diversity of amphibians and reptiles was studied at Chiremera locality in Manica Province, Mozambique. To the best of our knowledge, no herpetofauna study has been done at the Chiremera locality. Globally the herpetofauna of Mozambique remains poorly documented compared to other areas of southern Africa [1]. The study aims to assess the diversity of amphibians and reptiles at Chiremera locality. The data was collected using two techniques: Visual Search and Intercept and pit fall traps. The data was collected in two habitat types: wild areas and human altered areas. We recorded on the wild areas 91 individual of amphibians (18 species, 10 genera and 9 families). The human altered areas had a total of 27 individual amphibians, (4 species, 4 genera and 4 families). Hemisus marmoratus (marbled snout-burrower) was the most abundant species in the two habitats, accounting for 26.3% of all individuals identified. The Shannon winner of amphibians was higher at the wild areas (H '= 2, 1) and lower in the human altered area (H' = 1, 2). A total of 24 individual reptiles were recorded on the wild areas (7 species, 7 genera and 5 families). In contrast to human altered areas we recorded (5 species, 3 Genera, and 3 families). Bitis arietans (puff adder) was the most abundant reptile accounting for 26% of all individuals identified. The Shannon wiener of reptiles was (H’=1, 6) at the wild areas and (H’=1, 5) at the human altered areas. Four rare species namely Hyperolius acuticeps (sharp-headed long reed frog), Hyperolius benguellensis (Benguella long reed frog), Ptychadena subpunctata (spotted ridged frog) all amphibians and Naja mossambica (Mozambique spitting cobra) - reptile were detected during our study. The result of the current study revealed that effect of human altered areas on the richness and abundance of amphibians and reptiles.
Status and Risk Factors Associated with Urinary Schistosomiasis among the Primary School Children in Some Communities of Shinkafi Local Government Area, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Bala A. Y. , Atu Salau Shafa’ , Bandya H. M. , Aliyu Mahmuda , Suleiman J.
Published: January 2021

Urinary schistosomiasis among the primary school children remain among the major public health problems that affect cognitive domain of the pupils.  The present research was conducted to investigate the status and risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis among the community primary schools children in Shinkafi local government area of Zamfara State Nigeria. Four risk factors (Haematuria, source of water for domestic used, river visit and purpose of river visit) were considered to be associated with urinary schistosomiasis infection in the study area; four community primary schools were selected, 400 pupils were recruited for this study, each selected student was asked to produce terminal end urine in a screw cap universal sample bottle, the samples were analyzed with combi_10 reagent strips and then examined microscopically after filtration to count the number of Schistosoma eggs/10 mils of urine. One hundred and seventy three 173 pupils were found positive which gave the prevalence of 43.1%, higher significant infections was observed among the pupils that are using river (70.0%) as their source of drinking water; those that visit river (52.5%) and those that said fishing is their purpose of river visit (70.6%). The infection was not significant with regard to presence of haematuria in the urine samples. Pupils who used river as their source of drinking water had more than 2x likelihood of been infected than those that used other source of drinking water, those that visit rivers had more than 14x likelihood of having infection than those whose did not visit river, pupils who visited the river for fishing are 22.60 times likelihood of developing the infection than the pupils who visited the river for some other reasons. Conclusively, source of drinking water, river visit and purpose of river visits are the potential risk factor that increased likelihood of higher infection among the pupils in the study area.
Evaluation of Nutritional, Microbial and Sensory Attributes of Rice Tuwo Flour Fortified with Soy and Plantain Flour Blends
Authors: A Noah Abimbola. , E Omoyeni Serah.
Published: January 2021

Aims: The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of soybean and Plantain flour fortification on the nutritional, microbial and sensory qualities of rice flour paste (Tuwo) fortified with soy and plantain flour blends.

Methodology: White rice was cleansed, sorted and soaked in water for 12hrs and dried at 60OC for 12hrs.  White rice was fortified with soybean and plantain flour at 10, 15, 20, 25% respectively while 100% white rice flour serve as the control. Nutrient, microbial and sensory qualities of the samples were determined using standard methods.

Results: There were significant differences (p≤.05) and increase in values of all the nutritional properties with increase in substitution of soy-plantain flour. The protein content ranges from (2.19 – 21.46%), Fat content (1.67 – 18.51%), Fiber (0.68 – 6.78%), Ash content (1.37 - 2.26%), Moisture content (10.16 – 12.47%) of the blends respectively, while the carbohydrate contents of the blends was significantly lower to that of the control sample. The mineral content increased where the abundant mineral was potassium (29.22 – 45.57 mg/100g) and zinc (2.66 – 3.34 mg/100g) been the least mineral element. The microbial analysis shows a lower microbial counts of prepared tuwo samples, which makes it safe for consumption. Mean total viable count range from 1.10 to 3.50 x102 cfu/g, Staphylococcus count range from 0.00 to 1.03 x102 cfu/g. fungi count range from 0.00 to 0.60  102 cfu/g with no growh of salmonella from all the samples respectively. The sensory evaluation result shows that the sample from whole rice was highly rated but sample B with 80% rice flour, 10% soy flour and 10% plantain flour has the highest preference in terms of taste, colour, aroma, texture, smoothness and overall acceptability.

Conclusion: This fortification highly improve its nutrient contents and slightly improves microbial and organoleptic properties of rice tuwo, which can serve as alternative protein supplement.
On Almost Semi-Invariant Submanifold of A Normal Almost Paracontact Manifold
Authors: Singh Gajendra
Published: January 2021

In the present paper we have obtained some properties of an almost semi-invariant of a normal almost paracontact manifold. The integrability condition of distributions  have also been discussed. According to these cases normal almost paracontact manifold is categorized and its used to demonstrate that the method presented in this paper is effective.
Ethnopharmacological Study of Plants Used against Malaria by Traditional Healers in the Department of Bouna, North-Eastern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jeanne Koffi Akissi , Dominique Tano Konan , Alerte Kangah Orphée Michelle , Kaddy Rasmane Na Ahou , Kroa Ehoulé , Trésor Dable Marius , William Yavo
Published: January 2021

Mosquitoes have developed resistance, hence the need for anti-malarial medicines. This resistance calls for therapeutic an interest to therapeutic alternatives, including the medicinal plants. An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted amongst 15 Traditional Healers, recommended by the National Program for the Promotion of Traditional Medicine using semi-structured interviews in the city of Bouna. The ethnobotanical survey conducted in 2019 has enabled the identification of 32 plant species belonging to 30 genera and grouped into 19 families. The most represented families were Fabaceae (5 species) Anacardiaceae (4 species), Annonaceae (3 species), Rubiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Asteraceae, and Combretaceae with 2 species each. The species were mostly trees (63.63%). Leaves were the most frequently used parts of the plants (44.4%). The results of our investigations show that the most used mode is the decoction (42.22%). The oral route (60%) is the most used mode of administration. These species complete the non-exhaustive list of medicinal plants that the populations of Cote d'Ivoire use. It was found out that, people in this area commonly use medicinal plants with trust they have built on the curative outcome witnessed. However, this creates a further work to test for the antiplasmodial activity and to develop of Traditional Improved Medicines (MTAs).
CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF METHODOLOGY THAT INCORPORATES VARIABILITY IN COSEISMIC SLIP SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Cabrera Amanda , Catalan Patricio
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this work is to determine whether is it possible to use the Phase Variation Methodology in an early warning context. For this, it is sought to determine the value of alpha that best reproduces the inundation observed for the Maule event (2010), and that is capable of reproducing the uncertainty that a tsunami prediction process implies. A range that goes from alpha=pi/6 and alpha=pi/5 is proposed, since these values provide an acceptable fit between the models and the actual inundation, in addition to providing the expected epistemic uncertainty.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/JKDPLRCJq2M
ARBITRARY GENERATION OF VERY LONG, AND TSUNAMI-LIKE WAVES USING AN OPTIMZED PUMP-DRIVEN METHOD
Authors: Goseberg Nils , Hafen Hajo von , Ballesteros Pablo , Kerpen Nils B. , Schlurmann Torsten
Published: January 2021

Tsunami remain a focal point of coastal engineering research, particularly when interacting with near-shore bathymetry and coastal developments. A recent push in experimentation involving long waves has led to novel methods, to generate and accurately control long waves in laboratories. This work showcases a recent implementation of a pump-driven long wave generation, with novel control strategies, an optimized inlet geometry, and an extra-wide and uniquely long propagation flume with the overall aim to provide the latest insight into experimental long wave generation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ZR0r88i2ev0
PHYSICAL MODEL OF TSUNAMI-LOADS ON A SEASIDE BUILDING ARRAY
Authors: Kihara Naoto , Arikawa Taro , Watanabe Masashi , Kaida Hideki , Murase Fumiya , Kise Koshu , Nagai Kaori , Miyauchi Toshiharu
Published: January 2021

The devastating damage to buildings and infrastructure caused by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake and tsunami highlighted the importance of evaluating tsunami impacts in areas at risk of tsunami inundation for disaster prevention and mitigation. Evaluation technologies have been vigorously researched and developed over the past decade. A wide variety of numerical models exist that can potentially be applied to evaluate tsunami impacts. Furthermore, several either theoretical or empirical models to evaluate tsunami impacts, such as evaluation models of debris impact force and tsunami wave pressure, have been proposed. To validate these numerical and evaluation models, both experimental and theoretical benchmark tests have been conducted (e.g., Horrillo et al., 2015). Most of these tests have been conducted to validate models of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. However, the number of benchmark tests to validate tsunami loads are limited, and especially, those for complex terrains are rare. In this study, as a benchmark test to validate modeling of tsunami inundation and wave pressure, hydraulic experiments of tsunami inundations were conducted over a seaside area model, in which building arrays were installed. The inundation depth, velocity, and pressure were numerically predicted for the condition of the benchmark test, and then compared with the measured data for validation.
UNCERTAINTY OF BATHYMETRY MODELS AND EFFECT ON TSUNAMI MODELS
Authors: Sepulveda Ignacio , Haase Jennifer S. , Liu Philip L.-F. , Grigoriu Mircea , Tozer Brook , Sandwell David
Published: January 2021

We describe the uncertainties of altimetry-predicted bathymetry models and then quantify the impact of this uncertainty in tsunami hazard assessments. The study consists of three stages. First, we study the statistics of errors of altimetry-predicted bathymetry models. Second, we employ these statistics to propose a random field model for errors anywhere. Third, we use bathymetry samples to conduct a Monte Carlo simulation and describe the tsunami response uncertainty. We found that bathymetry uncertainties have a greater impact in shallow areas. We also noted that tsunami leading waves are less affected by uncertainties.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/zzL_XWWAQ7o
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF DEBRIS ADVECTION DRIVEN BY THE TSUNAMI: APPLICATION FOR NON-UNIFORM DENSITY GROUPS OF DEBRIS WITH OBSTACLES
Authors: Park Hyoungsu , Koh Myung-Jin , Cox Daniel T. , Alam Mohammad , Shin Sungwon
Published: January 2021

Extreme coastal events like hurricanes and tsunamis often generate and transport debris, resulting in severe damage to civil infrastructure and often adversely affecting communities' resilience and recovery process. In particular, water-borne debris transported over the land often decreases critical facilities' functionality and block access for initial rescue and recovery. A better understanding of water-driven debris transport is essential to predict damages and losses on coastal communities and develop a mitigation plan to minimize those losses and improve the resilience against future extreme coastal events. In this paper, an experimental study of tsunami-driven debris advection over a flat testbed was conducted considering different density conditions of debris elements.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/yY5SmwQuIn8
A STUDY ON OPTIMAL DEPLOYMENT OF TSUNAMI OBSERVATION INSTRUMENTS IN KOREA
Authors: Lee Eunju , Jung Tae-Hwa , Shin Sungwon
Published: January 2021

Tsunamis are one of the most destructive natural phenomena (Pugh and Woodworth, 2014). For past decades, the risk of potential earthquake zones has been issued by Japanese researchers, which could occur tsunami, in Niigata and Tottori area located in the west coast of Japan and the Ryukyu trench located in Okinawa as well (Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Japan). Also, there is a Yamamoto Rise on the East Sea, where it strongly affects tsunami propagation. This topography causes high tsunami energy to concentrate on the east coast of Korea (Cho and Lee, 2013). For example, the 1983 Akita and 1993 Hokkaido earthquake induced tsunamis, Japan, respectively cause the property and life damages to the certain cities on the east coast of Korea. Therefore, it is important to propose the optimal deployment location of offshore tsunami observation instruments to contribute to the tsunami early warning system by increasing probability of tsunami detection with the minimal number of instruments considering a large number of potential tsunami scenarios. In this study, by considering various factors, the optimal location of instruments is suggested based on the numerical model results of possible tsunami scenarios.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/q3PLE6EgtrY
A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT OF NEARSHORE CURRENT GENERATED DUE TO TRANSVERSE PHASE DIFFERENCES
Authors: Choi Junwoo
Published: January 2021

The vorticity generation due to the ends of wave crests and its resultant rip current have been studied (Johnson and Pattiaratchi, 2006; Clark et al., 2012; Choi et al., 2015; Peregrine, 1998; Postacchini et al., 2014). Recently, a laboratory experiment was conducted to observe rip currents formed between the ends of breaking wave crests (Choi and Roh, 2020) by using the wave generation method of pseudo intersecting wave trains. In this method, regular waves were generated by running two parts of wave maker out of phase. Their pseudo intersecting wave trains was compared with the intersecting wave trains generated by regular waves having the same wave period and the slightly different two wave directions. However, the pseudo intersecting wave trains, i.e., out-of-phase wave trains, could be formed in the field by the transformation of long-crest waves propagating over a specific change of topography in an intermediate water depth, for example, a submerged semi-infinite straight seamount range parallel to the shoreline. The long-crest wave train can be divided into two wave trains with phase difference because of the different wave speeds over the end of the submerged structure. To understand the evolution process of nearshore currents generated due to transverse phase differences, a laboratory experiment was planned. This study showed the preliminary laboratory experiments in which two wave trains with phase differences and its resultant nearshore currents were observed using the optical flow method.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/SaMl6rspZmw
FIELD STUDY OF WIND TIDE IN SEMI-ENCLOSED SHALLOW BASINS
Authors: Paugam Caroline , Sous Damien , Rey Vincent , Meule Samuel
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to understand the wind effect on mean water level variation in semi-enclosed shallow basins. The studied physical phenomenon is nearly steady water surface tilting due to wind stress, the so-called wind tide (Platzman (1963)). During strong wind conditions, wind tides can have significant consequences on low-lying areas such as submersion and flooding. Two field sites are monitored in the S-E of France to characterize wind tides and more specifically to understand the relative effect of wind magnitude and depth on the mean water level dynamics.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/Q30I0taty9w
BUILDING FOUNDATION INSTABILITY INDUCED BY TSUNAMI SCOUR
Authors: Mara Jauane Nicholas  , Ravindra Jayaratne  , Takayuki Suzuki  , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: January 2021

Understanding the role of tsunami-induced scour in building foundation instability can allow for the proper design of buildings located in areas prone to tsunami events. The process of tsunami scour around building foundations reduces the bearing capacity of the soil to support loading, lateral resistance and loss of soil- foundation friction (i.e. piles). Scour can cause loss of material around a foundation, due to increased pore pressure within the soil and removal of the soil during the tsunami, resulting in reduced bearing capacity of the soil (Macabuag et al., 2018). During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, three similar failure modes of building foundations were experienced, namely overturning, sliding and bearing (scour) failure (Macabuag et al., 2018). According to Wright (2015), shallow foundations such as strip, slab or pad are vulnerable to erosion of surrounding soil causing scour during a tsunami. The present paper discusses the application of the scour depth predictive model of Nicholas et al. (2016) and the development of a Relative Risk Index for future design of building foundations accounting for tsunamis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/u6QSmUe8YqA
PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF WINTER STORM SURGES DEPENDING ON METEOROLOGICAL FEATURES OF EXPLOSIVE CYCLONES
Authors: Saruwatari Ayumi , Watanabe Yasunori
Published: January 2021

In this study, we provide a probabilistic assessment of storm surges on the basis of meteorological features of past explosive cyclones classified in the three evolution types through computational experiments. Three-dimensional ocean current computations were performed to obtain local sea-level rise along the coasts of Japan and Eurasia for cyclones observed in the past two decades. The vulnerability of local coasts and disaster risks are discussed in relation to the calculated probability of sea-level rise due to potential storm surges.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/D8jg4jwK858
VOLCANIC ERUPTION-INDUCED TSUNAMI AT ANAK KRAKATAU VOLCANO, SUNDA STRAIT, INDONESIA
Authors: Nagai Kaori , Arikawa Taro , Pakoksung Kwanchai , Imamura Fumihiko , Watanabe Masashi , Huang Pan
Published: January 2021

On 22 December 2018, a volcanic eruption occurred at Anak Krakatau, Sunda Strait, Indonesia, which induced a tsunami. At the coastal area in the Sunda Strait, the destructive tsunami destroyed many structures and killed more than 400 people approximately 30 to 40 min after the eruption. In this event, it has been reported that many residents start to evacuate after seeing tsunami because alert of tsunami was not occurred. It is difficult to escape from a tsunami after seeing it waves, so early evacuation become important. Previously, many studies which handle Krakatau volcanic eruption induced tsunamis have been conducted. Pakoksung et al. (2019) conducted its simulation, but it was reported that the observed run-up heights and inundation depths were underestimated. Moreover, there were few studies which handle evacuation from non- seismic tsunami. The purpose of the study is to reveal the actual evacuation action from the tsunami induced by the 2018 volcanic eruption.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ELOif7G4eNo
REPRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF HUMAN DRIFTING BEHAVIOR DURING TSUNAMI USING NUMERICAL CALCULATION
Authors: Morita Riko , Arikawa Taro
Published: January 2021

Along with the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (Mw 9.0), a huge tsunami exceeding a maximum wave height of 15 m occurred. Many people and objects were destroyed and drifted by the tsunami. In addition, these debris were transported to various places that could not be predicted, resulting in significant secondary damage and increase in the number of missing. Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of damage, it is important to predict the behavior and landing points of person after set adrift in a tsunami. The best way to increase the rescue rate is to predict in advance the area that people will be drifted, and prioritize searching operations at that area. Although there has been considerable number of studies which handle the drifting behavior of containers and ships (e.g., Kaida et al., 2016), the prediction of drifting areas focusing on people has not been conducted. Moreover, a drifting area prediction method has not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to conduct a hydraulic experiment using a flat water tank, and observe the drifting area of the drifting object. Then, we conducted numerical calculations and compared simulation results with the experimental ones.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/1yhKuodhCbg
INTER-COUPLED TSUNAMI MODELLING THROUGH AN ABSORBING-GENERATING BOUNDARY
Authors: Son Sangyoung , Lynett Patrick
Published: January 2021

For many practical and theoretical purposes, various types of tsunami wave models have been developed and utilized so far. Some distinction among them can be drawn based on governing equations used by the model. Shallow water equations and Boussinesq equations are probably most typical ones among others since those are computationally efficient and relatively accurate compared to 3D Navier-Stokes models. From this idea, some coupling effort between Boussinesq model and shallow water equation model have been made (e.g., Son et al. (2011)). In the present study, we couple two different types of tsunami models, i.e., nondispersive shallow water model of characteristic form(MOST ver.4) and dispersive Boussinesq model of non-characteristic form(Son and Lynett (2014)) in an attempt to improve modelling accuracy and efficiency.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/cTXybDEnfsQ
AN APPROACH FOR PROBABILISTIC TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND APPLICATION TO SOUTHERN COASTAL AREAS OF CHINA
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhao Guangsheng , Niu Xiaojing
Published: January 2021

Seismic tsunami poses risks to many coast areas. Strong earthquakes in the area of Manila Trench may produce large-scale seismic tsunamis in South China Sea. This study aims to conduct PTHA (Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment) for the southern coastal areas of China. Several methods have already been developed to carry out PTHA, e.g. Geist & Parsons, (2006). However, there are multiple seismic parameters that affect the scale of seismic tsunamis, and those parameters are with strong uncertainties. For accurately assessing the tsunami hazard, a large number of scenarios are inevitably required to do the probabilistic statistical analysis. Therefore, existing methods do make some limits on seismic parameters to ensure the efficiency. In order to balance the accuracy and feasibility in PTHA, this study proposes a new approach.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/DllGeiaJBmo
FIELD SURVEY OF 2018 KRAKATAU TSUNAMI
Authors: Esteban Miguel , Takabatake Hendra AchiariTomoyuki , Nakamura Ryota , Mikami Takahito , Panalaran Satriyo , Gelfi Mustarakh , Inagaki Naoto , Nishida Yuta , Chadwick Christopher , Oizumi Kota , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: January 2021

At 21:30 local time (UTC+7h) on the 22nd of December 2018 the shorelines of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, were flooded by tsunami waves. As a result there was widespread destruction and there were 437 casualties, 31,943 injuries, 10 still missing and over 16,000 people displaced (as of the 14th January 2019 National Disaster Management Agency (BNBP), 2019). The tsunami was caused by the flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano (Robertson et al. 2018), located roughly at the centre of the Sunda Strait, which separates eastern Sumatra and western Java islands. Takabatake et al. (2019) performed a field survey of the affected areas. The survey results showed that inundation heights were more than 4 m high along the coastline of Sumatra island (situated to the north-north-east of Anak Krakatau), while less than 4 m were measured along the north-western direction. In Java island Inundation heights of over 10 m were measured at Cipenyu Beach (south-south-eastern direction from Anak Krakatau). However, at the time it was not possible to survey the actual vicinity of Anak Krakatau.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/d6hOT352fj4
PREDICTING EXTREME WATER LEVELS AROUND AUSTRALIA
Authors: Pattiaratchi Charitha , Hetzel Yasha , Janekovic Ivica
Published: January 2021

Throughout history, coastal settlers have had to adapt to periodic coastal flooding. However, as a society we have become increasingly vulnerable to extreme water level events as our cities and our patterns of coastal development become more intricate, populated and interdependent. In addition to this, there is now a real and growing concern about rising sea levels. Accurate estimates of extreme water levels are therefore critical for coastal planning and emergency planning and response. The occurrence of extreme water levels along low-lying, highly populated and/or developed coastlines can lead to considerable loss of life and billions of dollars of damage to coastal infrastructure. Therefore, it is vitally important that the exceedance probabilities of extreme water levels be accurately evaluated to inform risk-based flood management, engineering and future land-use planning. This objectives of this study was to estimate present day extreme sea level exceedance probabilities due to combination of storm surges, tides and mean sea level (including wind-waves) around the coastline of Australia.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vGaB85VRujs
LANDSLIDE-GENERATED TSUNAMIS: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEAR-FIELD
Authors: Romano Alessandro , Lara Javier L. , Barajas Gabriel , Paolo Benedetto Di , Bellotti Giorgio , Risio Marcello Di , Losada Inigo J. , Girolamo Paolo De
Published: January 2021

There are coastal areas which are particularly prone to landslide-generated tsunami risk. The destructive effects caused by the impulsive waves, generated by landslide sources, can be strongly magnified by the characteristics of the so-called "confined geometries" (e.g. bays, reservoirs, lakes, volcanic islands, fjords, etc.). Complicated physical phenomena (e.g. trapping mechanisms, edge waves, wave runup, etc.) take place as a consequence of the interaction between the generated waves and the local bathymetry and control the tsunami propagation and interaction with the coast, often causing devastating consequences. Many past events of landslide-generated tsunamis testify this reality (e.g. Lituya Bay, Alaska, Fritz et al., 2009; Stromboli Island, Italy, Tinti et al., 2005; Anak Krakatau, Indonesia, Grilli et al., 2019). To reduce and mitigate the tsunami risk a proper comprehension, and modelling, of such complicated phenomena is crucial. Landslide-generated tsunamis have been largely studied by exploiting experimental, analytical and numerical modelling. Experimental tests are often time and money consuming, especially if 3D models are considered. Large facilities, as well as complicated experimental configurations and sophisticated measurement systems (e.g. Romano et al. 2016), are often needed. Furthermore, not always it is possible to explore in detail the influence of all the involved parameters, in particular those related to the landslide triggering mechanisms and rheology, that have a considerable influence on the wave characteristics in the so-called "near-field". To this end, numerical modelling can provide a valuable assistance. The new tools offered by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods represent a valuable means for shedding light on the unresolved aspects. In particular, the 3D CFD modelling techniques appear to be crucial as far as the tsunami characteristics in the near-field, induced by landslide sources, are concerned. Indeed, the accurate reproduction of the energy transfer between the landslide and the water is essential to model the tsunami generation and propagation mechanisms, allowing to explore a large variety of landslide triggering mechanisms and rheology. In this paper we present a numerical study of the landslide-generated tsunamis in the near-field.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/liUdiV2qXPg
FRAGILITY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR TSUNAMI-BORNE DEBRIS IMPACT
Authors: Kaida Hideki , Kihara Naoto
Published: January 2021

In the safe design and risk assessment of structures in coastal area, it is important to consider tsunami-borne debris impact. Recently, probabilistic analysis has become the preferred form of analysis because of the large aleatory and epistemic uncertainties associated with tsunami effects, which are not captured in deterministic scenario-based assessments. By performing both a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) and a tsunami fragility assessment (TFA) on structures, their annual failure frequency can be determined. The TFA involves evaluation of the response (e.g. debris impact force exerted on the structure) and the capacity of the structure to resist tsunami effects. Then, a fragility curve shows conditional damage probability of the structure for the tsunami magnitude (e.g., discrete tsunami height around the focused area). This study proposes a TFA methodology for tsunami-borne debris impact, as this has not yet been sufficiently established. Evaluation of the impact speed and impact probability of debris considering various uncertainties in the response evaluation are described in particular detail. Moreover, an assessment of a coastal industrial site was performed and fragility curves and the annual failure frequency of structures against debris impact were shown.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/es-ny8eIUfc
FOREWORD: Proceedings of the virtual International Conference
Authors: Lynett Patrick J.
Published: January 2021

The virtual International Conference on Coastal Engineering (vICCE) was held online from October 6th-9th, 2020. This was a most unusual ICCE, organized over a few short months in response to the required postponement of ICCE 2020 in Sydney to 2022. The vICCE program was planned on a 24-hour schedule, so that presenters from across the globe might participate in their local time zones. Over 3,500 people registered for the vICCE to discuss research and applications in coastal engineering. This Proceedings contains 311 papers from the virtual International Conference on Coastal Engineering. The papers and presentations contained in this Proceedings cover a wide range of topics including waves; swash, nearshore currents, and long waves; coastal management, risk, and environmental restoration; sediment transport and morphology; and coastal structures. The “Papers” sections includes full length Proceedings papers, covering a broad range of topics including theory, numerical and physical modeling, field measurements, case studies, design, and management. The other sections include abstract and recorded presentation links, as presented at the conference. These submissions provide engineers, scientists, and planners state-of-the-art information on coastal engineering and coastal processes. The authors have provided state-of-the-art contributions, and this volume could not be produced without their commitment to solving coastal engineering challenges.
IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCES IN CLIMATE ADAPTATION
Authors: Calil Juliano
Published: January 2021

As coastal communities worldwide contend with sea-level rise, coastal erosion, and other impacts of climate change, a critical piece of the puzzle has become educating stakeholders in highly creative, insightful, and practical ways. In this study, we will highlight the main findings from the use of immersive and interactive Virtual Reality (VR) experiences in climate adaptation. These tools are helping coastal communities better understand potential impacts as well as explore near- and long-term solutions to reduce coastal risks. We will describe the challenges and steps taken to develop these applications at four coastal locations in the U.S. (Turner Station, MD, and Santa Cruz, Long Beach, and Moss Landing in CA); from identifying key objectives of each experience, the critical messages, and target audiences, to flying drones over coastal areas and working with photogrammetry to create hyper-realistic 3D models that are inserted in the VR experience. These immersive and interactive experiences support planning, management and monitoring activities related to sea-level rise, storms, coastal erosion, king tides, and more. These tools are being developed by a multidisciplinary team with a range of expertise including climate and coastal scientists, city planners, communications experts, filmmakers, 3D animators, and VR developers.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/aDIkbn_FO1c
THE DECEMBER 22, 2018 ANAK KRAKATAU COLLAPSE: MODELING OF THE SLIDE AND TSUNAMI IMPACT; COMPARISON TO FIELD SURVEYS
Authors: Grilli Stephan
Published: January 2021

In this talk, I will discuss hazard assessment approaches for landlside-generated tsunamis, with a focus on the recent Krakatau tsunami.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/fk2VsI6j250
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEARSHORE EXTREME EVENTS RECONNAISSANCE COMMUNITY
Authors: Raubenheimer Britt
Published: January 2021

Extreme events have significant impacts on the nearshore water-land system - where ocean, sound, and estuary processes interact with the nearby land - that pose high risk to society. Observations before, during, and after these events are critical to improve understanding of the interactions and feedbacks among the natural and built environments during major storms, and the corresponding human actions and reactions. The goal of the Nearshore Extreme Events Reconnaissance (NEER) Association is to organize and coordinate a national network of scientists spanning many disciplines to perform rapid, pre-and post-event site characterization, to deploy instruments to observe event processes, and to gather virtual data about the event and provide support to field teams. This presentation provides information about NEER's motivation, event-response and coordination activities, data-distribution plans, and lessons learned to date. Funding for NEER is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation Coastlines and People Program.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/9I9Z3OLGszU
EXTERNAL FORCING OF OSCILLATIONS IN SMALL BAYS AND HARBOURS
Authors: Pattiaratchi Charitha
Published: January 2021

In this talk, I will discuss long wave motions in bays and harbors, and descirbe analysis approaches to better understand the properties of these oscillations.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/4TKOOthT6MQ
TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATION BY TWO-LEVEL DESIGN
Authors: Sato Shinji
Published: January 2021

In this talk, I will review Japan's response to recent tsunamis, with a focus on the two-level design paradigm.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/Mm3KO-DspUw
WAVES ON REEFS: HOW CORAL REEFS TRANSFORM OCEAN WAVES AND HELP PROTECT COASTS
Authors: Dongeren Ap van
Published: January 2021

Coral reefs help protect tropical islands and coasts against wave-induced flooding. Because ongoing population growth in coastal zones, sea level rise and coral reef degradation, flooding and subsequent damages will likely increase in the future. In this presentation we discuss our current knowledge of the physics of wave transformation on reefs derived from observations and modelling. We will also discuss research questions and data needs.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/JvTmDnoy8E0
NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR COASTAL DEFENSE: KEY ASPECTS IN THE MODELING OF FLOW-ECOSYSTEM INTERACTIONS
Authors: Maza Maria
Published: January 2021

In this talk, I will present recent research findings on flow-ecosytems interactions, and their impacts on nature based solutions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/K9GGXyrW2RU
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SAFE COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Zanuttigh Barbara
Published: January 2021

Safety and well-being of coastal areas requires eco-compatible, cost-efficient management strategies aimed at providing continuity-of-daily-life (before, during and after a flood) and at promoting adaptation to climate change. Sustainable management solutions include building-with-nature approaches, eco-friendly measures, multifunctional structures, multi-hazard interventions. The strategic planning of these solutions can be supported by GIS-based tools, that allow -through a scenario analysis- to assess risk across a range of spatial and temporal scales and to compare the environmental, social and economic impact of clusters of solutions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/4Mx6iHwR0uI
IMPACT OF UNCERTAINTIES IN MODEL FREE PARAMETERS AND SEA LEVEL RISE ON SHORELINE CHANGES: A 20-YEAR HINDCAST AT TRUC VERT BEACH, SW FRANCE
Authors: D'Anna Maurizio , Idier Deborah , Castelle Bruno , Cozannet Goneri Le , Rohmer Jeremy , Robinet Arthur
Published: January 2021

Chronic erosion of sandy coasts is a continuous potential threat for the growing coastal communities worldwide. The prediction of shoreline evolution is therefore key issue for robust decision making worldwide, especially in the context of climate change. Shorelines respond to various complex processes interacting at several temporal and spatial scales, making shoreline reconstructions and predictions challenging and uncertain, especially on long time scales (e.g. decades or century). Despite the increasing progresses in addressing uncertainties related to the physics of Sea Level Rise, very little effort is made towards understanding and reducing the uncertainties related to wave driven coastal response. To fill this gap, we analyse the uncertainties associated with long-term (2 decades) modelling of the cross-shore transport dominated high-energy sandy coast around Truc Vert beach, SW France, which has been surveyed semi-monthly over the last 12 years.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/_NBJ2v-koMs
ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL VULNERABILITY BASED ON THE USE OF INTEGRATED LOW-COST MONITORING APPROACH AND BEACH MODELLING: TWO ITALIAN STUDY
Authors: Archetti Renata , Gaeta Maria Gabriella , Addona Fabio , Damiani Leonardo , Saponieri Alessandra , Molfetta Matteo G. , Bruno Maria F.
Published: January 2021

The use of video-monitoring techniques is significantly increased due to the diffusion of high-resolution cameras at relatively low-costs and they are largely used to estimate the shoreline evolution and wave run-up, as important coastal state indicators to be monitored and predicted for the assessment of flooding and erosion risks. In this work, we present an integrated approach based on the results from the low-cost video monitoring systems and the numerical modeling chain by means of SWAN and XBeach to accurately simulate and predict the swash zone processes.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/nLGNneJzmIU
BACTON SANDSCAPING - BUILDING WITH NATURE TO SAFEGUARD THE UK'S GAS SUPPLY AND HELP COMMUNITIES ADAPT TO COASTAL CHANGE
Authors: Flikweert Jaap , Adnitt Christine
Published: January 2021

The Bacton Sandscaping scheme is a large-scale beach nourishment, designed to protect the Bacton Gas Terminal from cliff and beach erosion while also reducing flood and erosion risk to the communities of Bacton and Walcott, buying the time they need for adaptation to coastal change. The scheme was inspired by the even larger Dutch Zandmotor project, translating the concept to the different geography and governance setting of the UK - it can be seen as the Zandmotor's 'little nephew'. The term 'Sandscaping' was introduced to illustrate the large-scale and ambitious nature of the concept: work at a large scale, designing to work with natural processes and to achieve multiple objectives.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/FA3DjdCgKrk
A PERFORMANCE-BASED COASTAL ENGINEERING FRAMEWORK
Authors: Gonzalez-Duenas Catalina , Padgett Jamie E.
Published: January 2021

Coastal regions are exposed to both chronic and punctuated hazards, such as sea level rise and hurricane events, that can jeopardize entire coastal communities. Therefore, to effectively assess the risk and resilience of coastal communities subjected to multi-hazard environments, evaluation of the capacity of individual structures and infrastructure systems to withstand the different time-varying demands imposed in coastal settings is of paramount importance. This study proposes a comprehensive probabilistic framework for the design, risk and resilience assessment of coastal structures. The methodology also provides useful tools to inform decision-making, facilitate recovery efforts and improve resource allocation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/8SI3Dw30yes
EVALUATING PORT OPERATION DOWNTIME UNDER RCP8.5 CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO IN CHILEAN PORTS
Authors: Winckler Patricio , Esparza Cesar , Melo Oscar , Mora Javiera
Published: January 2021

The economic costs of port operation downtime due to ocean swells under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario at 8 ports in Chile is evaluated. First, wave statistics for the historical period (1985-2004) and projection (2026-2045) are computed using WWIII and 6 wind models with good performance in Southeastern Pacific Ocean (Hemer, 2016). The model is calibrated with data from directional wave buoys and satellite tracks between 1980 and 2015 in Chilean coasts (Bey et al., 2016). Offshore wave data is transferred using SWAN to point in the vicinity of each port. Then, the downtime is computed by comparing wave climate and 4 different threshold values of Hs for port closure (PPEE, 1999) for representative vessels at each site. Historical and projected downtimes are expressed in hours per year. The difference in downtime between both periods is attributed to climate change. The economic impact associated with the downtime for both periods is finally estimated.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1e_OvWAI8E
INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN A STORM RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK APPLIED TO HAMPTON ROADS, VIRGINIA
Authors: Haque Anmol , Irish Jennifer L. , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2021

Risk assessment frameworks such as HAZUS-MH (FEMA, 2010) have been used globally to estimate potential losses like physical damage to structural establishments, economic loss, shelter requirements, displaced households, etc. due to multi-hazards like earthquake, flood and hurricane hazards. However, HAZUS-MH fails to consider interdependencies between physical and social capacities of affected communities. The present study aims to develop a conceptual risk assessment framework for storm hazards in coastal communities that addresses these limitations through an integrated physical and social vulnerability assessment applied to Hampton Roads, Virginia. By including interdependencies, interactions between the physical and social vulnerability will be studied. We hypothesize that changes in housing occupancy status affect the physical damage and changes in population density affect the social vulnerability. Therefore, the integrated physical and social vulnerability will change in response to a current event and therefore make the same region more or less impacted in a subsequent future event.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/JzCsvurKrxU