bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typologie des relations de causalité dans le discours d’enfants bilingues créole réunionnais/français en acquisition langagière : la spécificité réunionnaise
Authors: Béton Aurélie
Published: December 2024

Les programmes scolaires sont nationaux, il en va de même pour les critères d’évaluation. Mais lorsque nous avons affaire à un espace domien situé à dix-mille kilomètres de l’hexagone avec une situation linguistique et anthropologique caractérisée par une grande hétérogénéité et une grande complexité, ces programmes doivent être adaptés tout comme les évaluations. L’uniformisation des programmes scolaires prônée par l’éducation nationale justifie-t-elle l’utilisation d’une seule et même grille de notation pour évaluer l’ensemble des écoliers français dans toute leur pluralité ? C’est la question que nous nous posons dans le cadre de cet article où nous adoptons la démarche de l’éducation nationale dans une étude en tentant de transposer une grille d’analyses conçue pour un public unilingue à notre population d’étude dont le répertoire langagier se caractérise par la présence d’au moins deux langues, à des degrés divers selon les individus. Il est question de l’île de la Réunion, un territoire devenu département français depuis 1946, où le français et le créole forment ensemble une mosaïque, un parler indécomposable (Simonin, 2001, Eyquem, 2003 et 2004). L’acquisition langagière d’un enfant peut s’évaluer sous différents angles, nous choisissons de nous intéresser surtout à la maturité cognitive que Benazzo (2004) parvient à mesurer en analysant la construction de relations de causalité dans le discours d’enfants unilingues. Un outil qui attire notre attention et que nous souhaitons adapter à notre population d’étude dont les particularités pourraient remettre en question l’utilisation. Dans quelle mesure une analyse similaire en usant de la même grille de compétences nous permettra-t-elle de rendre compte des capacités cognitives et discursives des écoliers réunionnais ? À quelles conditions ? Nous verrons qu’une analyse sociolinguistique du cas réunionnais sera incontournable afin d’adapter cet outil riche à la singularité d’un contexte, d’une île, d’une population et d’un parler.
New Canadian records and range expansion for Pterallastes thoracicus Loew (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Dabrowski Alice , Gallant Brendan , Young Andrew D.
Published: December 2024

Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are a ubiquitous family of true flies known for their hovering mating displays and pollinating behaviour. The flower fly genus Pterallastes Loew is represented by Pterallastes thoracicus Loew in North America, and its previously published range encompasses only the United States of America. Here, we report two new records for Canada and a previously overlooked historical record for the country. These data were used to generate an updated range map for the species, with additional iNaturalist records further expanding its known distribution in the United States of America. Finally, flower associations and natural history data for the species gathered from iNaturalist photos are discussed briefly.
Ecological requirements, distribution, and population density of the European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola in a high mountain area of the central Apennines, Italy
Authors: Hueting Steven , Santucci Bruno
Published: December 2024

The European Stonechat (Saxicola rubicola) is generally considered a lowland breeder with exceptional occurrences in the mountainous areas of Italy and Greece. The occasional observation of a small but significant population of stonechat at 1850 m a.s.l. in the central Apennines led us to investigate the ecological requirements of the species in this high mountain area. Using the territory mapping method, we identified all breeding territories and their ecological characteristics. We found a close association between the stonechat and the prostrate shrub juniper Juniper communis ssp. alpina and discussed the structural similarity of this shrub with the natural heath and moorland habitat of the stonechat in Germany and Great Britain. The surprisingly high population densities found in this study compared to those of neighbouring lowland agricultural habitats suggest that heathland with prostrate shrubs is the original natural habitat of the stonechat wherever the climate permits, from sea level in northern Europe to 2000 m above sea level in Mediterranean countries. Preliminary results from a small sample area show that the mountain breeding stonechat has a long breeding season, from its arrival in early March until its departure in late October. We argue the role of the juniper heaths for shelter and food supply during and after the frequent snow showers in early spring. The association of the stonechat (and other species) with prostrate shrub lands indicates the importance of conserving this habitat in Italy, where the stonechat has recently been classified as endangered (EN) on the national red list. To this end, we recommend in-depth studies on the stonechat-prostrate shrub association in other high mountain areas in Italy and abroad, where, on the one hand, increasing industrialisation of agriculture and, on the other hand, vegetation encroachment due to abandonment of agro-pastoral activity lead to rapid habitat loss and seriously threaten the lowland populations of the stonechat.
Analysis of MicroRNA Processing Machinery Gene DROSHA, DICER1, and XPO5 Variants Association with Atherosclerosis: A Case–control Study
Authors: Atoum Manar F. , Alowaisy Dalya , Deeb Ammar Ali
Published: December 2024

Background:

Atherosclerosis, a primary cause of coronary artery disease, involves chronic inflammatory arterial changes and contributes significantly to global vascular mortality. Genetic variations, especially single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within microRNA (miRNA) machinery genes, impact miRNA biogenesis and play roles in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression. This study aimed to investigate the association between SNPs in DROSHA rs10719, DICER rs1057035, and XPO5 rs11077 as potential risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Methods:

The study included 100 individuals with clinically diagnosed atherosclerosis (mean age: 53 ± 7 years) and 100 control subjects (mean age: 52 ± 7 years). Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped using real-time TaqMan allelic discrimination assays for DROSHA rs10719, DICER rs1057035, and XPO5 rs11077 SNPs.

Results:

The recessive model of DROSHA rs10719, particularly the GG genotype, showed a significant six-fold increased risk of atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53–26.26, P = 0.0059). Conversely, the GG genotype of XPO5 rs11077 was more prevalent in controls (24% vs. 13%) and associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.178–0.845, P = 0.019). In the recessive model, the GG genotype of XPO5 rs11077 remained protective (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.02–1.12, P = 0.04), consistent with findings from the log additive model (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.08–0.87, P = 0.016). Combinations of alleles involving DICER1 rs1057035, XPO5 rs11077, and DROSHA rs10719 (T-G-G, T-G-A, and C-T-A) were also associated with reduced risk of developing atherosclerosis (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study highlights the association of specific SNPs in DROSHA and XPO5 genes with susceptibility to atherosclerosis, providing insights into the genetic factors that may contribute to the development and progression of these cardiovascular diseases.
Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn Species in Song Hinh Protection Forest, Vietnam Based on Three Chloroplast Gene Regions
Authors: Vu Dinh Duy , Pham Mai Phuong , Dang Ngoc Huyen , Le Xuan Dac , Dang Hung Cuong , Nguyen Huu Thuc , Nguyen Dang Hoi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon is an important component of tropical Vietnam and has major ecological and economic significance, which has been threatened in recent decades due to the destruction of its habitat and overexploitation.

Methods:

In the present study, first, three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA) were initially examined to identify C. parthenoxylon species using Maximum Likelihood (ML). Then, genetic diversity analysis of C. parthenoxylon species in the Song Hinh protection forest, Phu Yen Province, Vietnam.

Results:

The nucleotide sequences of matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA were determined to be 786bp, 513bp, and 464bp, respectively. The novel sequences have been deposited in Genbank with matK (PQ106670-PQ106689), rbcL (PQ106690-PQ106709), and trnH-psbA (PQ1066710-PQ106729). The analysis revealed that the mean base compositions of matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA were nucleotide T (34.8%, 28.3%, and 30.4%), C (19.4%, 22.5%, and 15.1%), A (29.1%, 26.6%, and 39.8%), and G (16.7%, 22.7%, and 14.7%), respectively. In each of the three cpDNA regions, the GC content was discovered to be significantly lower than the AT content. According to ML phylogenetic analyses, all samples in the Song Hinh protection forest are closely related to C. parthenoxylon in GenBank, with robust supporting values. Moreover, only 0.25% (2 haplotypes) of the sequences showed polymorphism in the matK region, whereas 0.78% (4 haplotypes) in the rbcL region. The most variable trnH-psbA (3.44%) (16 haplotypes) intergenic region was the most useful genetic diversity analysis of C. parthenoxylon. The genetic variations in C. parthenoxylon were moderate, with an average number of nucleotide differences (Kt = 1.042–4.984), haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.521–0.916), and nucleotide diversity (Pi = 1.33–10.74 × 10–3).

Conclusions:

The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable information that is essential for the classification, and identification of the plant’s origin, propagation, and conservation program of C. parthenoxylon in Vietnam.
Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Adhesion with Different Concentrations in Artificial Saliva to Fixed Orthodontic Materials in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Belvirdy Leila Mohammadpour , Sheibaninia Ahmad , Khosroshahi Shadab Safarzadeh , Mostafavi Seyyed Khalil Shokouhi , Fard Mohammad Javad Kharazi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Biofilm accumulation is a common complication of orthodontic treatment, occurring in approximately 60% of patients. The irregular surfaces of orthodontic appliances (archwires, brackets, and braces) create retention areas that hinder effective oral hygiene, increase bacterial load, and alter oral microbiota, potentially leading to pathogenic species proliferation. In addition, factors such as buffering capacity, pH levels, and saliva flow are crucial for optimal oral function and caries prevention. This study aimed to compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans at different concentrations in artificial saliva to fixed orthodontic materials under laboratory conditions.

Methods:

S. mutans strains were obtained from the National Center for Genetic and Biological Resources in Tehran, along with normal artificial saliva prepared with pH values of 5 and 7. Bacterial adhesion was quantified by counting colony-forming units on culture media. The effects of bracket type, archwire material, composite type, and saliva pH on bacterial adhesion were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations with a significance level of 0.05, employing SPSS software (version 26).

Results:

A significant difference in adhesion rates of S. mutans was observed between different archwire types at both pH levels (P = 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in adhesion rates among the three bracket types (plastic, metal, and ceramic) or between self-cure and light-cure composites at both pH levels. Overall, the study indicated a significant interaction effect among archwire type, bracket type, and composite type on bacterial adhesion.

Conclusion:

The adhesion of S. mutans to orthodontic materials in laboratory conditions is influenced by archwire type but not by bracket type or composite type. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate orthodontic materials to mitigate bacterial adhesion and improve oral health outcomes during treatment.
Establishment of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Model Using a Drip Flow Reactor: Evaluation of Antibiotic Efficacy against Biofilm Formation and Destruction
Authors: Quang Minh Trong , Vo Duong Hai Thi , Nguyen Minh Thai
Published: December 2024

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a significant cause of nosocomial infections, particularly because its ability to form biofilms on medical devices complicates treatment. This study developed a biofilm model using a drip flow reactor (DFR) system and apply it to investigate the effects of antibiotics on biofilm formation.

Methods:

The biofilm-forming capacity of PA strains ATCC 9027, ATCC 27853, and PA 01 (a PA isolate from wastewater samples) was evaluated using a DFR system. This model was then used to assess biofilm resistance to antibiotics through flow cytometry analysis.

Results:

A PA biofilm model was successfully established in the DFR system, as evidenced by images of the carrier and flow cytometry analysis results. Significant differences in biofilm formation were observed among the tested strains (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.01). The timing of antibiotic administration was found to influence biofilm formation. The combination of colistin and rifampicin exerted a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing both the inhibition of biofilm formation and the destruction of existing biofilms compared with individual antibiotic treatments (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

This study successfully developed a PA biofilm model using the DFR system and applied it to evaluate the efficacy of colistin and rifampicin, both individually and in combination, against PA biofilms. The DFR model, coupled with flow cytometry analysis, is a valuable tool for investigating biofilm formation kinetics and assessing the impact of antibiotics on biofilm development and eradication.
Expression of Genes Associated with Efflux Pump and Porins in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Recovered from Different Clinical Specimens
Authors: Rahi Alya Amer , Al-Hasnawy Huda Hadi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Efflux pumps are crucial bacterial defense mechanisms that reduce antibiotic susceptibility by expelling antibiotics from cells. In Acinetobacter baumannii, this significantly contributes to multidrug resistance. In addition, porin alterations, essential for carbapenem uptake, further enhance resistance by limiting antibiotic entry. This study examines these mechanisms to improve treatment strategies.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 clinical samples collected from Hilla Teaching Hospitals between January and June 2024. Samples were obtained from wounds (40%), burns (40%), blood (12%), and urine (8%). Specimens were collected from burn wards and the intensive care unit. Patients ranged in age from 10 to 40 years. Specimens included 200 females and 100 males. Specimens were collected during hospitalization. Bacteria were cultured and identified by Gram stain and biochemical tests and confirmed to be A. baumannii (8.33%) using the Vitek-2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed against 16 antibiotics. Molecular detection of efflux pump genes (adeB and adeJ) was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase PCR.

Results:

A. baumannii isolates showed high resistance to antibiotics, especially β-lactams, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides, whereas colistin remained effective. All isolates carried the adeB gene, whereas adeJ was not detected. Overexpression of OperD (80%) and adeB (44%) was observed, along with consistent downregulation of the CarO gene (100%).

Conclusion:

A. baumannii isolates exhibited significant antibiotic resistance, particularly to β-lactams, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides, complicating infection treatment. Colistin remained the only effective option. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of the adeB gene in all isolates, with no detection of adeJ. Overexpression of OperD (80%) and adeB (44%) emphasized efflux pumps’ role in resistance, whereas CarO gene downregulation (100%) likely contributed to carbapenem resistance. These results highlight the urgent need for continuous monitoring and new treatment approaches for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
Elevated Homocysteine Levels and Vitamin Deficiencies as Potential Risk Markers for Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults
Authors: Sowndarya K. , Hegde Anupama , Pawar Neelam M. , Shenoy Ramya
Published: December 2024

Background:

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is proposed as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), while dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor. HHcy can arise from deficiencies in Vitamin B12 (Vit B), Vitamin B6, and folic acid (FA), as well as from kidney diseases or genetic factors. This study aims to evaluate homocysteine (Hcy) levels as potential predictors of CAD risk in apparently healthy adults.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 62 healthy individuals aged 20–62 years visiting a tertiary healthcare center for routine health checks. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent, serum Hcy levels, fasting lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein), Vit B12, and FA levels were measured using standard laboratory techniques. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.

Results:

HHcy was detected in 43.54% of participants, with 59% of those exhibiting either isolated or combined vitamin deficiencies. A significant negative correlation was found between Hcy levels and both Vit B12 and FA (P < 0.001). Notably, there was no significant correlation between Hcy levels and traditional lipid profile markers.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that apparently healthy adults can have elevated Hcy levels significantly associated with Vit B12 and FA status, but not with conventional CAD risk markers such as lipid profiles. These results suggest the need for further investigation into Hcy as a viable alternative marker for CAD risk in young adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring vitamin levels to mitigate cardiovascular risks.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Sports-Related Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Alamir Moaath Abdulaziz , Alassaf Ahmed Hussain , Almansour Naif Abdulaziz , Jaylan Abdullah Mohammed Bin , Almutairi Khalid Awad , Aldakail Mohammad Abdullah , Alanzy Khaled Abdulkareem
Published: December 2024

Background:

Sports-related orthopedic injuries are a significant public health concern due to their impact on individuals’ health and fitness levels. This study’s aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sports-related orthopedic injuries in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was implemented through an online survey aimed at adults from different regions across the country, containing demographical data and questions related to the type and pattern of physical activity and previous injuries, as well as questions relating to the knowledge of the safety and prevention of sports-related injuries. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data and identify significant associations between variables.

Results:

The study identified a high prevalence of sports-related orthopedic injuries among the total of 444 participants, with 83.8% of participants reporting injuries. The knee was the most frequently injured location (27.2%), followed by the ankle (23.9%) and shoulder/arms (19.6%). The most common types of injuries were sprains (36.6%) and bruises (25.8%). Significant factors associated with injuries included marital status (P = 0.045), educational level (P = 0.000), and the duration of daily exercise (P = 0.011). Participants exercising for 1–1.5 h daily had the highest injury rate (100%).

Conclusions:

The study highlighted a notable high prevalence of sports-related orthopedic injuries in Saudi Arabia, with significant associations observed for marital status, educational level, and duration of exercise. These findings emphasize the necessity for targeted injury prevention strategies, encompassing adequate training, proper warm-up routines, and education on safe exercise practices.
Comprehensive Analysis of Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Genome-wide Insights from ChIP-seq Analysis
Authors: Sahu Tanishq , Yadav Ruchi
Published: December 2024

Context:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the central system in epigenomic exploration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (ChIP-seq) is an important technology to identify the genome-wide location of DNA-binding proteins such as histones proteins, transcription factors, RNA polymerase, or any protein of interest. ChIP-seq has been used to study the binding sites and efficacy of drugs in cancer cell lines etc.

Aims:

In current research, breast cancer cell line data have been used to study the effect PADI2 (peptidyl arginine deiminase) gene in the progression of breast cancer. Further, this ChIP-seq data have also been used to study the binding site of Amanitin drug in breast cancer.

Settings and Design:

Breast cancer ChIP-seq data have been retrieved from the European Nucleotide Archive database with project Id PRJNA415426 short read archive. Four samples of FASTQ files were used and analyzed for the genome-wide analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Galaxy server (https://usegalaxy.org/) was used for complete ChIP-seq data analysis; different tools such as fast-quality control (QC), multi-QC, Bowtie2, model-based analysis of ChIP-sequencing, and ChIPseeker tools were used for motif enrichment and functional analysis. Motif analysis was done through the Multiple Expectation maximizations for Motif Elicitation database (https://meme-suite.org/meme/db/motifs).

Results:

Computational investigation demonstrates the binding sequences of the T47-D breast cancer cell line as TTTTGTATTTTTAGT, and this motif occurs 2123 times in the Homo Sapiens reference genome that is hg19.

Conclusions:

This research classifies the binding site and affinity of the T47-D human breast cancer cell line. Further, wet laboratory studies are required to verify the function of the predicted motifs and their importance in drug development or research in breast cancer.
Depression, anxiety, stress, and coping among men with infertility seeking treatment at a tertiary care hospital in South India: A mixed-method study
Authors: Mor Mamta , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Kattimani Shivanand , Thyagaraju Chitra , Kubera NS , Duraiswamy Mahadevan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Many studies in India and all over the world have focused on the psychological aspect of infertility in women, but only a few have explored it among men. To deal with psychological distress, sometimes, individuals may use maladaptive coping strategies which can further worsen the stress instead of reducing it.

Aim:

To assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and various coping strategies adopted by men with infertility along with exploring their coping experiences.

Methods:

A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

The study was conducted among 200 men with infertility seeking treatment from a tertiary care hospital. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using Depression, Anxiety, Stress-21 scale, and coping strategies were assessed using Brief COPE scale. In-depth interviews were conducted among eight men who had moderate to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Results:

The proportion of depressive symptoms was 46% (95% CI: 39.2–52.9), that of anxiety was 51% (95% CI: 44.1–57.8), and that of stress was 59.5% (95% CI: 52.5–66.0). The most common coping strategies used were planning (96.0%), active coping (91.5%), self-distraction (90.5%), and religion (89.5%). The analysis of qualitative data revealed three themes – emotional impact of infertility, coping mechanisms and support systems, and perception toward counseling to improve mental wellbeing.

Conclusion:

The study shows that the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress is considerable among men with infertility. The majority of them were using problem-focused coping. Overall, the study highlights the need to diagnose and address mental health problems among men with infertility.
Delirium in geriatric population referred to a geriatric clinic in a rural medical college: A retrospective study
Authors: Mishra Kshirod Kumar , Pawar Gaurav B , Sathe Harshal S
Published: December 2024

Background:

Delirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition, posing a significant concern among elderly individuals, often resulting from various medical conditions. Despite its prevalence and impact, delirium remains under-recognized in rural populations.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of different causes of delirium and their association with sociodemographic profiles in elderly patients visiting a geriatric psychiatry clinic at a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:

A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study design was employed, focusing on patient records of diagnosed delirium cases aged 60 years and above. The Delirium Etiology Checklist was used to document multifactorial etiologies contributing to delirium. Retrospective data for 4 years (January 2020 to December 2023) were analyzed using JASP software.

Results:

Analysis of 76 case records revealed predominantly male patients (73.7%), with a mean age of 72.16 ± 8.25 years. The most common cause of delirium was central nervous system (CNS) pathology (39.5%), followed by hyponatremia (26.3%) and renal derangement (7.89%). Other causes included malignancies, septicemia, and lung diseases. Hyponatremia was notably prevalent, especially among males (75%) in the 70–79 years’ age group.

Conclusion:

A diverse range of medical conditions contributes to delirium in the elderly, with CNS pathology, hyponatremia, and renal derangement being particularly significant factors.
Isolated testicular tuberculosis a differential diagnosis for testicular mass: Frequently missed diagnosis
Authors: Pandurangi Monna , Kajamohideen Suhail , Vembu Radha , Reddy Sanjeeva , Nagireddy Siddhartha
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis leading to infertility in men is rarely diagnosed as urogenital TB in males has a varied nonspecific presentation in the form of oligospermia, azoospermia, and persistent urinary infection, and rarely as painless scrotal mass. We present a case of Azoospermia who on evaluation was found to have retrograde ejaculation and isolated left testicular enlargement. On Scrotal Ultrasound (USG) Left testis had a lobulated heterogenous nonvascular mass measuring 48 mm × 37 mm obliterating the testicular architecture and the Epididymis was normal. Tumor markers were normal. Patient underwent Left orchidectomy and sperm freezing for future fertility. To our surprise histopathological examination was suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). Patient was given antitubercular treatment. We are presenting our case as isolated testicular involvement in TB is rare. It is usually associated with obstructive azoospermia, typically without distended seminal vesicle, but our case had azoospermia due to retrograde ejaculation giving rise to a diagnostic dilemma and double trouble for the patient.
Exosomes derived from microRNA-540-3p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote immune tolerance via the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in cardiac allograft
Authors: He Ji-Gang , Wu Xin-Xin , Li Si , Yan Dan , Xiao Gao-Peng , Mao Fu-Gang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure, yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their exosomes have demonstrated potential in modulating T cells, dendtitic cells (DCs), and cytokines to achieve immunomodulatory effects. DCs, as key antigen-presenting cells, play a critical role in shaping immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine production. Through this modulation, BMSCs and their exosomes enhance graft tolerance and prolonging survival.

AIM

To explore the immunomodulatory effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing microRNA-540-3p (miR-540-3p) on cardiac allograft tolerance, focusing on how these exosomes modulating DCs and T cells activity through the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway.

METHODS

Rat models were used to assess the impact of miR-540-3p-enhanced exosomes on immune tolerance in cardiac allografts. MiR-540-3p expression was manipulated in BMSCs, and derived exosomes were collected and administered to the rat models post-heart transplantation. The study monitored expression levels of major histocompatibility complex II, CD80, CD86, and CD274 in DCs, and quantified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T regulatory cells, and cytokine profiles.

RESULTS

Exosomes from miR-540-3p-overexpressing BMSCs lead to reduced expression of immune activation markers CD74 and NF-κB p65 in DCs and T cells. Rats treated with these exosomes showed decreased inflammation and improved cardiac function, indicated by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ) and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1). Additionally, miR-540-3p skewed the profiles of DCs and T cells towards immune tolerance, increasing the ratio of T regulatory cells and shifting cytokine secretion to favor graft acceptance.

CONCLUSION

Exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-540-3p significantly enhance immune tolerance and prolong cardiac allograft survival by modulating the CD74/NF-κB pathway, which regulates activities of DCs and T cells. These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy to improve heart transplantation outcomes and potentially reduce the need for prolonged immunosuppression.
Innovative hydrogel delivery of bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes for enhanced bone healing
Authors: Ding Yue , Lin Fang , Liang Xiao-Ting
Published: December 2024

Bone regeneration is a multifaceted process involving the well-coordinated interaction of cellular functions such as the regulation of inflammation, the formation of new blood vessels, and the development of bone tissue. Bone regeneration is a multifaceted process involving the well-coordinated interplay of multiple cellular activities, such as inflammation control, blood vessel and bone tissue. Zhang et al developed a multifunctional hydrogel system embedded with bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes to address the challenges of large bone defects. This innovative approach demonstrated the dual-role capability of bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes in directing cell fate by significantly enhancing both angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in vitro . The hydrogel system effectively promoted the polarization of macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, fostering an environment that supports bone repair. The effectiveness of this hydrogel was validated in a murine fracture model, which promoted significant bone regeneration and functional vascularization. Despite compelling evidence, this study highlights areas for further investigation, including detailed descriptions of experimental procedures, control group selection, long-term outcomes, and the evaluation of inflammation status in vivo . Addressing these limitations will enhance the robustness and impact of the findings.
Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Titanium and Titanium Alloys
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification defines limits of variation for determining acceptability of the composition of cast or wrought titanium and titanium alloy parts and material acquired from a producer.
Tolerances, Low-Alloy Steel Bars
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers established manufacturing tolerances applicable to low-alloy steel bars ordered to inch/pound dimensions. These tolerances apply to all conditions, unless otherwise noted. The term “exclusive” is used to apply only to the higher figure of the specified range.
Aluminum Alloy, Plate (7065-T7651), 7.7Zn - 2.1Cu - 1.65Mg - 0.10Zr, Solution Heat Treated, Stress-Relieved, and Overaged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate.
Aluminum Alloy, Extruded Profiles (2043-T85), 2.8Cu - 1.65Li - 0.35Mg - 0.1Zr, Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching, and Aged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded rods, bars, and profiles (shapes) produced with thicknesses 0.040 to 2.500 inches (1.02 to 38.10 mm), inclusive, having a maximum cross-sectional area of 23 square inches (15000 mm2) and a maximum circumscribing circle diameter (circle size) of 16 inches (406 mm) (see 2.4.1 and 8.7).
Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Drawn Shapes, 4Al - 2.5V -1.5 Fe, Annealed
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash-welded rings, drawn shapes 5.000 inches (127.00 mm) and under, and stock for forging or flash-welded rings of any size (see 8.6).
Aftermarket Wheels - Passenger Cars and Light Truck - Performance Requirements and Test Procedures
Authors:   Wheel Standards Committee
Published: December 2024

This SAE Recommended Practice provides performance, sampling, certifying requirements, test procedures, and marking requirements for aftermarket wheels intended for normal highway use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. For aftermarket wheels on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks, or multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J1204. These performance requirements apply only to wheels made of materials included in Tables 1 and 2. For wheels using composite material, refer to SAE J3204. New nomenclature and terms are added to clarify wheel constructions typically not used in OEM applications. The testing procedures and requirements are based on SAE standards listed in the references.
El tratamiento actual de los anglicismos por parte de la RAE
Authors: Ramírez García Jessica Patricia
Published: December 2024

En esta investigación, conformada por nueve apartados, se presenta un esbozo sobre el tratamiento actual de los anglicismos, en la lengua española, por parte de la RAE. Para ello se ha tenido en cuenta, esencialmente, el tratamiento que la Academia realiza sobre los anglicismos en sus distintas publicaciones: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (DRAE, 2001), Diccionario panhispanico de dudas (DPD, 2005), Diccionario esencial de la lengua española (ESENCIAL, 2006), Nueva gramática de la lengua española (NGLE, 2009-2011), Ortografía de la lengua española (OLE, 2010) y Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE, 2014-2021). De igual manera, se ha tenido en consideración a la FundéuRAE —que también se ocupa de los anglicismos—, debido a que se trata de una institución a la que asesora la Real Academia Española (RAE).
From the Editorial Team
Authors: Adomako Ampofo Akosua
Published: December 2024

Introduction to CJAS 11.2 from the editor-in-chief
Sustainability Assurance, Carbon Emissions Performance and Reporting Quality of Carbon Intensive Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jabar Adebola Abass , Adeosun Oluwaseun T.
Published: December 2024

The quality of the sustainability report published across organisations has consistently been questioned over the years. In response, organisations have been increasing the credibility of their sustainability report through external assurance. This study examines the association between Sustainability Assurance (SA); big-4 and Sustainability Reporting Quality (SRQ) as well as examines the moderating effect of Carbon Emission Performance (CEP) between sustainability assurance and reporting quality of carbon intensive industry in sub-Saharan Africa. Ex-post facto research design was used. The population is 332 listed organisations. The population represents the sample size with the use of census sampling technique. The findings reveal that SA and the use of big-4 both improve SRQ. On the other hand, CEP does not moderate the association between SA and SRQ as CEP and SA both individually improve SRQ. The study offers a practical implication on the importance of SA in improving reporting quality in sub-Saharan Africa given the peculiarity of the region; it educates organisations in the region on the advantage they stand to benefit in publishing quality sustainability reports. It is also expected to improve the orientation of organisations and internal stakeholders towards SRQ as the adoption of SA benefits the stakeholders more through attraction of more investment. The findings also suggest to the government how the existence of a standard institutional framework will be helpful to organisations.
Climate change, oil pollution, and birth defects in South Sudan: A growing crisis
Authors: Kenyi Edward Eremugo
Published: December 2024

No abstract.
How to author a research proposal for a dissertation or thesis: A guide for South Sudanese medical postgraduates
Authors: Adwok John
Published: December 2024

A research proposal is a three-chapter document that outlines a study to be conducted for a dissertation or thesis. The three chapters of a proposal include the Introduction, a literature review on the chosen topic, and the research methodology proposed for the study. After successfully navigating the proposal process and receiving approval from the academic research team and the Research Ethics Committee, one can proceed with the actual research project. In South Sudan, all healthcare-related research proposals must be approved by the South Sudan Research Ethics Committee (SSREC) based at the Ministry of Health, as institutional committees still need to be established. Authoring a research proposal as a postgraduate medical professional in a resource-poor country like South Sudan poses challenges related to inadequate healthcare infrastructure and research facilities and limited access to the internet and medical libraries. Therefore, it is important to consider the scope of the proposed research carefully and select a clear topic that addresses a significant medical topic relevant to the population’s healthcare. This overview aims to guide medical postgraduate students in South Sudan and other resource-limited regions on their dissertation and thesis projects.
Improvised explosive device injuries to the maxillofacial region: Diagnostic findings and treatment approaches in north-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , Bala Mujtaba , Rasheed Suleiman Abdul , Ahmed Mohammed Alhaji , Modibbo Muktar Ahmad , Shehu Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The use of improvised explosive devices (IED) poses a significant threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These homemade explosives incorporate certain objects that create unique injury patterns that present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study examines the maxillofacial wounds and patterns of Boko Haram IED victims treated at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH). Understanding the different wounding patterns these injuries cause and management options will help with proper planning and management. 
Method: This retrospective study was carried out over five years at UMTH, Nigeria. The clinical records and treatment approaches of IED injuries to the maxillofacial region were obtained from patient case notes. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 20. 
Results: The study involved 14 patients, 14–43 years old. There were three (21.4%) females, M:F ratio of 4.7:1. Primary blast injuries were seen in six (42.9%). Lacerations were the most common facial injury at 31.7%%. The most common facial fractures recorded were naso-orbitoethmoidal at 21.9%, maxillary at 18.8%, and frontal bone fractures at 15.6%. Globe rupture occurred in six (42.9%). The most common treatment was closed reduction with intermaxillary fixation (57.4%). 
Conclusion: Intermaxillary fixation emerged as the predominant treatment modality, reflecting the pragmatic use of available resources. Prevention is critical to reducing IED injuries.
Facile Fabrication of Water Filters with Desirable Properties for Removal of Pathogenic E. coli from Drinking Water at point-of-use
Authors: Shayo Godfrey Michael , Elimbinzi Elianaso , Fabian Christina , Kibona Talam E , Shao Godlisten N
Published: December 2024

The inevitable consequences of waterborne diseases caused by consuming contaminated water have prompted the development of low-cost water filtration technologies that surpass traditional purification methods in effectiveness. Ceramic water filters have been extensively researched due to their promising application in the filtration and purification of water to produce clean and safe drinking water. The present study reports the synthesis of ceramic filtration systems incorporating silver nanoparticles with desirable properties for water purification. The obtained samples were examined by XRD, XRF, and SEM analyses. XRD analysis showed that the samples had crystallite sizes ranging between 16 to 22 nm. XRF analysis revealed a high percentage of SiO2 (94%) contributed by the high silica content from sand and rice husk. SEM analyses showed the formation of mainly spherical aggregates. The efficiency of the obtained samples was tested by their performance in filtering pond and river water. Prior to water treatment, E. coli counts and other physiochemical parameters were measured. The colorimetry results on E. coli removal by the prepared samples demonstrated good performance of up to 99.999% for samples of ratio 60:40:7.5 which were sintered at 850 °C. These results indicate that Ag-NPs/CWF samples are capable of removing a variety of pollutants, particularly E. coli and other physiochemical parameters making them a promising solution for water disinfection and purification.
Spinal kanal defekti olan yenidoğanlarda osteopeni
Authors: Balık Sevdet , Okur Nilufer , Şero Leyla , Tunçel Duygu , Asena Muhammet
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Kırık gelişimi; spina bifidalı hastalarda komplikasyonlardan biri olup, görülme oranı % 11-30 arasında değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada hastanemizde takipli spina bifidalı yenidoğanlarda; kırık sıklığı, osteopeni ve bu durumla ilişkili faktörlerin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Araçlar ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada 01 aralık 2020 ile 31 ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitemize meningomyelosel (MMS) tanısıyla yatırılarak opere edilen olgular çalışma grubunu oluşturmuş ve retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Perinatal bulgular (cinsiyet, doğum şekli, gestasyonel hafta, doğum ağırlığı), operasyon zamanı, operasyon sonrası sepsis , eşlik eden ek anomaliler, yatış süresi, serum serbest tiroksin (fT4) ve tiroid stimüle edici hormon (TSH) düzeyleri hasta dosyalarından incelendi ve kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Toplam 89 MMS ve ensefaloselli yenidoğan bebeğin verileri değerlendirildi. Doğum ağırlıkları median 3000 gr (min 1800-max 4300 gr) ve gestasyon haftası 38 (min 32- max 40)’tı. 14 (%15.7) hastada hipokalsemi vardı. Bir hastada fosfor düzeyi 4’ün altındaydı. Tüm bebeklerin alkalen fosfataz düzeyleri normaldi. 5 (%5.6) hastada ekstremitelerde kırık vardı. Kırık saptanan bebeklerin tamamında alt ekstremitede paralizi mevcuttu.
Sonuç: Spina bifidalı çocuklarda kırık gelişimi için pek çok risk faktörü bulunmakta olup düşük ambulasyon kapasitesi ve duyu defisiti nedeniyle kırıklar kolaylıkla gözden kaçabilmektedir. Bu bebeklerin kemik kalitesi ve kırık gelişimi açısından yakın takibi ve gerektiğinde medikal tedavi desteği önerilmektedir.
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK METAFORİK ALGILARI: “Domino taşı gibidir.”
Authors: Gürgen Şimşek Hatice , Çetinkaya Aynur , Uçan Gülten
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, sağlık bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin, “Sürdürülebilirlik” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Araç ve Yöntem: Nitel yaklaşıma dayalı betimleme amaçlı çalışma, Ocak-Nisan 2023 tarihleri arasında bir devlet üniversitesinin sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencileriyle yürütülmüştür (n = 174). Veriler öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve çeşitli metafor cümlelerinin tamamlanmasıyla elde edilmiştir. İçerik analizi ile çözümleme yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 22.25 ± 1.49 (Min: 20, Maks: 32); %89.7’si kadındır. Öğrencilerin, “Sürdürülebilirlik” kavramı ile ilgili 24 adet geçerli metafor ürettiği, bu metaforların katılımcılar tarafından 2 ile 160 arasında değişen sıklıkta kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Metafor başına düşen ortalama katılımcı sayısı yaklaşık 5’tir. Sürdürülebilirlik kavramına yönelik dört kavramsal kategori, “Devamlılık: Planlı değişim süreci, Çevre ve Gelecek: Ekonomik kalkınma uğruna feda edilen, Geri dönüşüm, Sağlık ve yaşam” olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Sağlık hizmetlerinin çevre üzerindeki etkisinin büyüklüğü göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, geleceğin sağlık profesyonellerinin bu etkiyi azaltmada rol alabilmeleri için hazır olmaları önemsenmektedir. Bu açıdan üniversite öğrencilerinin sürdürülebilirlik kavramını nasıl algıladıklarını belirlemek üniversitelerde atılacak adımlar için önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin sürdürülebilirliği, yüzeysel olarak algıladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sürdürülebilirliği derinlemesine kavrayabilmeleri için, ders programlarının gözden geçirilmesi, araştırmaların planlanması önerilebilir.
Current Evidence on Exergaming Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: İçen Sarper
Published: December 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by symptoms causing functional impairment in children and adolescents. For the clinical management of this condition, increasing physical activity is recommended in addition to the usual treatment with medication and/or behavioral interventions. Exergaming is active video gaming that requires full-body movements to control on-screen actions, integrating physical activity into the gaming context. For children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, traditional forms of exercising can be challenging to sustain due to challenges with motivation, impulse control, and maintaining focus. Exergaming might address these challenges by incorporating game-based rewards and appealing activities with gamified elements that can make physical activity sustainable. By reviewing currently available research, this paper aims to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of exergaming as a way to promote physical activity among children and adolescents with ADHD.
VIOLATION OF AUTHORIZATION RESTRICTIONS DURING FORENSIC EVALUATION OF TAFFIC ACCIDENTS
Authors:   Više javno tužilaštvo u Valjevu, Srbija, Filipović Milica
Published: December 2024

During the procedure of discovering and proving offenses against public traffic safety, in cases of crime with very hard consequences - prosecutor or court, has to deal with some people who have knowledge related to traffic activity. Word is about expert in traffic-tehnical proffesion on a Court permanent list. Expert in traffic- tehnical activity should present a complete analyses of the traffic accident which is very
important for prosecutor or court, who at the end, draws a conclusion which person involved in traffic accident was one that caused it. Problem with experts who give a professional opinion about traffic accidents is related to the fact, that some of them in some cases go beyond the limits of their authority.
The aim of this paper to make clear some of that situation.