bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifetime Risk of Lower‐Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Defined by Ankle‐Brachial Index in the United States
Authors: Matsushita Kunihiro , Sang Yingying , Ning Hongyan , Ballew Shoshana H. , Chow Eric K. , Grams Morgan E. , Selvin Elizabeth , Allison Matthew , Criqui Michael , Coresh Josef , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Wilkins John T.
Published: September 2019

Background

There are no available lifetime risk estimates of lower‐extremity peripheral artery disease (
PAD
).

Methods and Results

Using data from 6
US
community‐based cohorts and the vital statistics, we estimated the prevalence and incidence of
PAD
, defined as an ankle‐brachial index < 0.90, at each year of age from birth to 80 years for white, black, and Hispanic men and women. Then, we used Markov Monte Carlo simulations in a simulated cohort of 100 000 individuals to estimate lifetime risk of
PAD
. On the basis of odds ratios of
PAD
for traditional atherosclerotic risk factors (eg, diabetes mellitus and smoking), we developed a calculator providing residual lifetime risk of
PAD
. In an 80‐year horizon, lifetime risks of
PAD
were 30.0% in black men and 27.6% in black women, but ≈19% in white men and women and ≈22% in Hispanic men and women. From another perspective, 9% of blacks were estimated to develop
PAD
by 60 years of age, while the same proportion was seen at ≈70 years for whites and Hispanics. The residual lifetime risk within the same race/ethnicity varied by 3.5‐ to 5‐fold according to risk factors (eg, residual lifetime risk in 45‐year‐old black men was 19.9% when current smoking, diabetes mellitus, and history of cardiovascular disease were absent versus 70.4% when all were present).

Conclusions

In the United States, ≈30% of blacks are estimated to develop
PAD
during their lifetime, whereas the corresponding estimate is ≈20% for whites and Hispanics. The residual lifetime risk within the same race/ethnicity substantially varies according to traditional risk factors.
Gait-Synchronized Rhythmic Brain Stimulation Improves Poststroke Gait Disturbance
Authors: Koganemaru Satoko , Kitatani Ryosuke , Fukushima-Maeda Ayaka , Mikami Yusuke , Okita Yusuke , Matsuhashi Masao , Ohata Koji , Kansaku Kenji , Mima Tatsuya
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Gait disturbance is one of serious impairments lowering activity of daily life in poststroke patients. The patients often show reduced hip and knee joint flexion and ankle dorsiflexion of the lower limbs during the swing phase of gait, which is partly controlled by the primary motor cortex (M1). In the present study, we investigated whether gait-synchronized rhythmic brain stimulation targeting swing phase-related M1 activity can improve gait function in poststroke patients.

Methods—

Eleven poststroke patients in the chronic phase participated in this single-blind crossover study. Each patient received oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation over the affected M1 foot area and sham stimulation during treadmill gait. The brain stimulation was synchronized with individual gait rhythm, and the electrical current peaks reached immediately before initiation of the swing phase of the paretic lower limb. Ankle dorsiflexion was assisted by electrical neuromuscular stimulation in both real and sham conditions.

Results—

Regarding the effects of a single intervention, the speed of self-paced gait was significantly increased after oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation, but not after sham stimulation (paired
t
test,
P
=0.009). After we administered the intervention repeatedly, self- and maximally paced gait speed and timed up and go test performance were significantly improved (self-paced:
F
(1,21)
=8.91,
P
=0.007, maximally paced:
F
(1,21)
=7.09,
P
=0.015 and timed up and go test:
F
(1,21)
=12.27,
P
=0.002), along with improved balance function and increased joint flexion of the paretic limbs during gait.

Conclusions—

These findings suggest that rhythmic brain stimulation synchronized with gait rhythm might be a promising approach to induce gait recovery in poststroke patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
. Unique identifier: UMIN000013676.
Pathophysiology of Central Poststroke Pain
Authors: Tang Sung-Chun , Lee Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Hsieh Sung-Tsang , Chiang Ming-Chang , Yeh Shin-Joe , Hsueh Hsueh-Wen , Chao Chi-Chao
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is a disabling condition in stroke patients, and evidence suggests that altered corticospinal and motor intracortical excitability occurs in neuropathic pain. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in motor cortex excitability and sensorimotor interaction and their correlates with clinical manifestations and alterations in somatosensory systems in CPSP patients.

Methods—

Fourteen patients with CPSP but no motor weakness were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls for motor cortex excitability and sensorimotor interaction assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure resting motor thresholds, short-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and afferent inhibitions. The sensory pathway was evaluated by quantitative sensory testing, contact heat evoked potential, and somatosensory evoked potentials. Clinical pain and quality of life were assessed with validated tools.

Results—

The duration of CPSP was 3.3±3.0 years (ranging 0.5–10 years), and pain significantly impaired quality of life. Compared with the unaffected hemisphere, the stroke hemisphere had higher thermal thresholds, lower contact heat evoked potential amplitudes, and prolonged cortical somatosensory evoked potential latencies. There was no difference in resting motor thresholds between the stroke and unaffected hemisphere or between patients and controls. CPSP patients had a reduction in short-interval intracortical inhibition in the stroke hemisphere compared with that in the unaffected hemispheres of patients and controls. No changes were noted in afferent inhibitions between the stroke and unaffected hemispheres. The short-interval intracortical inhibition of the stroke hemisphere was negatively correlated with self-rated health on a visual analog scale and positively correlated with cortical somatosensory evoked potential latencies.

Conclusions—

CPSP patients with intact corticospinal tracts showed reduced motor intracortical inhibition in the stroke hemisphere, suggesting defective gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic inhibition. This disinhibition was associated with impaired quality of life and was related to dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway dysfunction.
From Import Substitution to Integration into Global Production Networks: The Case of the Indian Automobile Industry
Authors: Athukorala Prema-chandra , Veeramani C.
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the growth trajectory and the current state of the Indian automobile industry, paying attention to factors that underpinned its transition from import substitution to integration into global production networks. Market-conforming policies implemented by the government of India over the past 2 decades, which marked a clear departure from protectionist policies in the past, have been instrumental in transforming the Indian automobile industry in line with ongoing structural changes in the world automobile industry. India has emerged as a significant producer of compact cars within global automobile production networks. Compact cars exported from India have become competitive in the international market because of the economies of scale of producing for a large domestic market and product adaptation to suit domestic market conditions. Interestingly, there are no significant differences in prices of compact cars sold in domestic and foreign markets. This suggests that the hypothesis of “import protection as export promotion” does not hold for Indian automobile exports.
Improving Public Infrastructure in the Philippines
Authors: Komatsuzaki Takuji
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the macroeconomic effects of improving public infrastructure in the Philippines, modeling the infrastructure scale-up plan being implemented by the current administration. After benchmarking the Philippines’ level of infrastructure investment, quantity and quality of public infrastructure, and public investment efficiency relative to its neighboring countries, the analysis uses a dynamic general equilibrium model to quantitatively assess the macroeconomic implications of raising public investment expenditure with different financing schemes and different rates of public investment efficiency. Critically dependent on a model structure in which accumulation of publicly provided infrastructure raises the overall productivity of the economy, the model simulations show that (i) increasing public infrastructure investment results in sustained gains in output, (ii) the effects of improving public investment efficiency are substantial, and (iii) deficit-financed increases in public investment lead to higher borrowing costs that constrain output increases over time. These results underscore the importance of improving public investment efficiency and revenue mobilization.
Maasai Relationships with and Perceptions of Dogs in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Webster Lena K. , Ebersole James J.
Published: September 2019

Semi-structured interviews with 26 Maasai adults in one pastoralist, northern Tanzanian community showed that dogs were considered owned by one household, allowed to roam, and fed regularly. Interviewees strongly valued that dogs warn of wild predators threatening livestock, which provide nearly all human food and income, but most liked dogs only moderately, and only a few expressed affection for dogs. Participants disliked that dogs steal food, create disturbances, sometimes threaten people, and spread disease to humans. The strong utilitarian attitude toward dogs might be from poor economic security, frequent death of all Maasai non-human animals, and mostly non-expressive culture. Although dogs cause nearly all of the substantial Tanzanian human rabies cases, few dogs were vaccinated although most people would pay if the vaccine were available. These dogs also present disease risks to wildlife, so vaccination programs, facilitated by perceived ownership of all dogs, could reduce hazards to people and wildlife.
Traditional History and Cultural Memory in the Pesharim
Authors: Miller Shem
Published: September 2019

This article explores the type and function of historiography in the pesharim, a group of biblical commentaries in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Although the unabashedly subjective viewpoint of history in the pesharim strongly contrasts modern notions of historiography, they nevertheless present a kind of history writing. In particular, historiography in the pesharim is analogous to traditional history, a type of history writing found in oral epics from around the world. Like traditional history, the pesharim owe their primary allegiance to a special register of language that is both traditional and adaptable. Rather than a factual record, the pesharim are formative cultural texts that use history to create and transmit cultural memory. More specifically, traditional history in the pesharim constructs a common descent of membership and “instrumentalizes” the past for identity formation in the present.
The Criminalisation of Intra-party Offences in Light of Some Recent icc Decisions on Children in Armed Conflict
Authors: Longobardo Marco
Published: September 2019

Traditionally, international humanitarian law is considered to be applicable only to the relationship between different parties of an armed conflict, while domestic law and international human rights law address situations of intra-party conduct, i.e., conduct involving members of the same party only. In the recent case law of the International Criminal Court, however, intra-party offences against children used as child soldiers have been treated as war crimes. Various Chambers have offered different arguments on this inclusion, which touches upon fundamental issues related to the scope of application of international humanitarian law. This article explores whether the criminalisation of intra-party offences as war crimes is in line with contemporary international humanitarian law, arguing that a positive answer must be based on the correct interpretation of international humanitarian law rules.
Exploring the Links between Residence and Social Rights for Economically Inactive EU Citizens
Authors: Mantu Sandra , Minderhoud Paul
Published: September 2019

This article examines the links between residence and social rights in the context of EU citizens’ mobility. It builds on national replies to a questionnaire concerning the implementation and application of Directive 2004/38 at the national level. Our focus is on how the EU28 are implementing the provisions on social assistance for economically inactive EU citizens, including five relevant European Court of Justice (ECJ) judgments in this area (Brey, Dano, Alimanovic, Garcia-Nieto and Commission v UK) and the provisions on permanent residence status. Based on the national replies we argue that asking for social benefits becomes a first step towards being considered by the administration as an unreasonable burden, which leads to the termination of EU residence rights. Our analysis shows that asserting and maintaining residence rights under Articles 7 and 16 of Directive 2004/38 is becoming problematic for certain categories of EU citizens and linked with the more restrictive position taken by some Member States in relation to accessing their national social assistance systems.
A Robe of Many Colors: Children and their Clothing in Early Modern Ashkenaz
Authors: Berner Tali
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the clothing of Jewish children and adolescents in Western and Central Europe in the early modern period. Looking at egodocuments, sumptuary laws, visual representations, moral books, halakhic literature and apprenticeship contracts, it gives a first overview of children’s dress and involvement in the textile industry. The article explore the forces that shaped children’s garments—parental desires, legal and halakhic constraints and social norms. It pays special attention to the places where children and adolescents desires were manifested, and the ways children’s agency is professed, through choosing their own garments and contributing to the textile industry and changing of fashions.
Fair and Equitable Treatment Between the International and National Rule of Law
Authors: Živković Velimir
Published: September 2019

Promoting the rule of law is a potentially strong legitimating narrative for international investment law. Illustrating the interlinkage, the ubiquitous ‘fair and equitable treatment’ (FET) standard embodies distinctly rule of law requirements. But these requirements remain open-textured and allow understanding their meaning in either more ‘international’ or ‘national’ way. An ‘international’ understanding – detached from the host State’s vision on how the rule of law should look like – should remain dominant. But I argue that decision-making under the FET standard should also involve a systematic engagement with how these requirements would be understood in the host State’s law and how they were complied with from that perspective. Whilst not determinative for establishing a breach, this assessment better respects the expectations of the parties, strengthens the persuasiveness of findings and helps enhance the national rule of law as a key contributor to the ultimate goal of investment protection – economic development.
Gongronella sichuanensis (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), a new species isolated from soil in China

Authors: ZHANG ZHI-YUAN , HAN YAN-FENG , CHEN WAN-HAO , LIANG ZONG-QI
Published: September 2019

Gongronella is known as soil-borne fungi. During a survey of fungi in southwest China, four strains of the genus Gongronella were isolated from soil. One strain was identified as G. butleri, while the other three were proposed as a new species, Gongronella sichuanensis based on morphological observation as well as a phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU sequence data. The new taxon was described, illustrated and compared with known species. Meanwhile, the key of the genus Gongronella was updated and provided in this paper.
Lectotypification of Themeda helferi Hack. (Andropogoneae, Poaceae)

Authors: THOMAS S ALAN
Published: September 2019

The genus Themeda Forssk. was first described by Forsskåhl in 1775 with Themeda triandra Forssk. (Veldkamp, 2016). Currently ca. 29 species were reported from different parts of the old world and the new world (POWO, 2019). Among them ca. 15 species were reported from India of which ca. five species are endemic (WCSP, 2019). Themeda helferi Hack. was recently reported from India (Anil Kumar et al., 2018). During the literature survey, it came to know that no one designated any lectotype as per the Shenzhen code Art. 9.3 or lacking requirements as per the Shenzhen code Art. 7.11 (Turland et al. 2018). Hence, in this communication, I am designating lectotype for this species.
New species of Eucinetus and Noteucinetus from Australia (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea: Eucinetidae)
Authors: LAWRENCE JOHN F.
Published: September 2019

Two new species of Noteucinetus Bullians & Leschen and 12 new species of Eucinetus Germar are described from continental Australia and Tasmania. A key is given to the two genera and all described Australian species. The following new species are described: Eucinetus bicolor, sp. nov., Eucinetus bicolorellus, sp. nov., Eucinetus brindabellae, sp. nov., Eucinetus dorrigo, sp. nov., Eucinetus limitaris sp. nov., Eucinetus lorien, sp. nov., Eucinetus minutus, sp. nov., Eucinetus nebulosus, sp. nov., Eucinetus protibialis, sp. nov., Eucinetus similis, sp. nov., Eucinetus tasmaniae, sp. nov., Eucinetus tropicus, sp. nov., Noteucinetus ornatus, sp. nov., and Noteucinetus victoriae, sp. nov.
Systematic position of Ascopus Marshall, Oreosecus Marshall, Perarogula Hoffmann and Rhadinocopes Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) with description of a new species of Ascopus from Guinea
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN , PERRIN HÉLÈNE
Published: September 2019

Type material of the described species of Ascopus Marshall, 1951, Oreosecus Marshall, 1950, Perarogula Hoffmann, 1963 and Rhadinocopes Hustache, 1931 was examined and their taxonomic status is discussed. Oreosecus Marshall, 1950 and Rhadinocopes Hustache, 1931 are proposed as junior synonyms of Tapinomorphus Hartmann, 1904, Perarogula Hoffmann, 1963 is proposed as a junior synonym of Ascopus Marshall, 1951. Rhadinocopes curvipes Hustache, 1931, R. echinatus Marshall, 1951 and Perarogula lamottei Hoffmann, 1963 are transferred as valid species to the genus Ascopus, Rhadinocopes alticola Hustache, 1939, R. orientalis Hustache, 1931 and Oreosecus porculus Marshall, 1950 are transferred as valid species to the genus Tapinomorphus. Lectotypes of Rhadinocopes orientalis Hustache, 1931 and Rhadinocopes alticola Hustache, 1939 are designated. Ascopus girardi sp. nov. from Guinea, Mt. Nimba, is described and compared with all other species of the genus. Male and female genitalia of Ascopus are described and illustrated for the first time. A key to Ascopus species is presented.
Paraschistura makranensis, a new loach from the Jegin River drainage in southern Iran with comments on P. ilamensis and P. pasatigris (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: EAGDERI SOHEIL , MOUSAVI-SABET HAMED , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: September 2019

Paraschistura makranensis, new species, is described from the Jegin River drainage in southern Iran. It is distinguished from its congeners in Iran by having a plain brown or slightly mottled colour pattern on the flanks, a very slender body with a relatively short head, a complete lateral line extending almost to the caudal-fin base, the caudal peduncle covered by scales, and a suborbital flap in males. Paraschistura makranensis is distinguished from P. bampurensis and P. hormuzensis, its closest relatives in our dataset, by an uncorrected-pairwise distance based on the COI data of 4.0 and 5.4%, respectively. We treat Paraschistura pasatigris as a synonym of P. ilamensis.
Eustra yinggelingensis sp. nov., a new flanged bombardier beetle from Yinggeling Nature Reserve, Hainan, China with contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Eustra species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae)
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , WANG CHENG-BIN , MI HONG-XU , WANG SHUO
Published: September 2019

A new species of flanged bombardier beetle form Hainan Island, China, Eustra yinggelingensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae, Ozaenini) is described. The new species was collected in rotten wood from Yinggeling Nature Reserve. Habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated. List, key and distribution map of all known Chinese Eustra species are given.
Limiting Policy Backlash: Strategies for Taming Countercoalitions in an Era of Polarization
Authors: Patashnik Eric M.
Published: September 2019

Policy backlash occurs when people or organizations mobilize against a policy during or after its enactment, diminishing the power of supporters and reducing the likelihood of the policy’s subsequent entrenchment and expansion. This article analyzes backlash as a case of negative policy feedback and explores some of the mechanisms through which backlash occurs among elites, organized groups, and mass publics. The main focus is on the politics of “backlash prevention”: using strategies to minimize the prospects of countercoalitions against policies serving diffuse or marginalized constituencies in an era of partisan polarization. These strategies include increasing the progressivity of programs after they have become embedded, recognizing that reforms can threaten the social identities and status of constituencies, and increasing reliance on low-visibility taxes. While countercoalitions cannot be completely neutralized in today’s contentious political environment, these strategies can load the dice in favor of sustainable change.
Hearing Gender: Voice-Based Gender Classification Processes and Transgender Health Inequality
Authors: Lagos Danya
Published: September 2019

This study examines the link between self-rated health and two aspects of gender: an individual’s gender identity, and whether strangers classify that person’s voice as male or female. In a phone-based general health survey, interviewers classified the sex of transgender women ( n = 722) and transgender men ( n = 446) based on assumptions they made after hearing respondents’ voices. The flawed design of the original survey produced inconsistent sex classification among transgender men and transgender women respondents; this study repurposes these discrepancies to look more closely at the implications of voice-based gender classification for the health of transgender men and women. Average marginal effects from logistic regression models show transgender men who are classified as women based on their voices are more likely to report poor self-rated health compared to transgender men who are classified as men. Conversely, transgender women who are classified as men are less likely to report poor self-rated health than are transgender women who are classified as women. Additionally, Black transgender men are more likely than any other group to be classified inconsistently with their gender identity, suggesting a link between race/ethnicity and gender perception.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Single-Day Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Tertiary Care Hospitals of South India
Authors: M Zabiuddin Ahad , Lavu Alekhya , Ansari Maria , V Raviraj Acharya , Vilakkathala Rajesh
Published: September 2019

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most potent antacids used in clinical practice with greater safety and efficacy. Limited data are available on the usage of PPIs in Indian health-care settings. Our aim was to understand the usage pattern and potential drug interactions with concurrently administered medications employing a single-day cross-sectional study design. Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted on a single day, at two tertiary care teaching hospitals in South India. Inpatients of above 18 years of age were included. Case profiles were reviewed and data were collected in predesigned forms and analyzed. Drug interactions were identified using Micromedex and Medscape drug-interaction databases. Results: A total of 797 case profiles screened from both the centers; 714 were prescribed with PPIs. In intensive care units (ICUs), the use of PPIs was highest with 95% of cases getting these drugs. A PPI was seen in about 93% of patients, who had more than or equal to 4 drugs in their prescriptions. Pantoprazole was the mostly prescribed PPI in around 90% of the cases. Around 33% of the PPIs usage was through IV (intravenous) route, and 75% of that use was seen in wards. Around 134 drug interactions were identified, of which 10 were of major severity. Conclusions: Around 90% of inpatients were prescribed with PPIs. Pantoprazole is the most commonly prescribed PPI (90%). The IV administration was seen more in wards than ICUs, and 10 major drug interactions were observed in this single-day study. Careful monitoring is needed to avoid serious drug interactions involving PPIs, and training programs should sensitize the clinicians on the evidence-based use of PPIs.
Fabrication of Al5083 surface hybrid nanocomposite reinforced by CNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles using friction stir processing
Authors: Ostovan Farhad , Amanollah Sattar , Toozandehjani Meysam , Shafiei Ehsan
Published: September 2019

In the present study, friction stir processing was adopted for surface treatment of Al5083 by incorporation of CNT and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of Al5083/CNT, Al5083/Al2O3 and hybrid Al5083/CNT/Al2O3 nanocomposite were investigated and compared. The friction stir processing yielded a nearly uniform dispersion of CNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles, irrespective of nanoparticle reinforcements and their weight fraction. Microstructural observations revealed that Al2O3 nanoparticles have dispersed in different zones including intra-grain and grain boundary zones while, CNTs are pinned into grain boundaries during friction stir processing. From mechanical point of view, hybridization of CNT/Al2O3 enhances the hardness (126 HV at stirred zone), strength (UTS of ∼487 MPa) and also wear resistance of Al5083/CNT/Al2O3 nanocomposites. The enhancement is attributed to the presence and combination of features of both CNT and Al2O3 nanoparticles which are different in nature; one spherical oxide and one nanotube.
Cross-Cultural Variations in Extreme Rejecting and Extreme Affirming Response Styles
Authors: Guo Tieyuan , Spina Roy
Published: September 2019

Previous research has discussed cultural differences in moderacy vs extremity response styles. The present research found that cultural differences in response styles were more complex than previously speculated. We investigated cross-cultural variations in extreme rejecting versus affirming response biases. Although research has indicated that overall Chinese have less extreme responses than Westerners, the difference may be mainly driven by extreme rejecting responses because respondents consider answering survey questions as a way of interacting with researchers, and extreme rejecting responses may disrupt harmony in relationships, which is valued more in Chinese collectivistic culture than in Western individualistic cultures. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that Chinese had less extreme rejecting response style than did British, whereas they did not differ in extreme affirming response style. Study 2 further revealed that the cross-cultural asymmetry in extreme rejecting versus affirming response styles was partially accounted for by individualism orientation at the individual level. Consistently, Study 3 revealed that at the country level, individualism was positively associated with extreme rejecting response style, but was not associated with extreme affirming response style, suggesting that individualism accounted for the asymmetric cultural variation in extreme rejecting versus affirming response styles.
Creativity Promotion in an Excellence Program for Preservice Teacher Candidates
Authors: Kimhi Yael , Geronik Leiky
Published: September 2019

Teacher education is a leading issue in education research, and creativity has been targeted as an important goal in teacher education. This study investigated little-c creativity in first-year preservice teacher candidates, as manifested in their yearlong fieldwork. It was designed as a qualitative empirical study. Three major themes related to the candidates’ creativity and the components that fostered it were revealed. The first was the process the candidates underwent to construct and implement their initiatives; the second was related to the process that the candidates underwent as they transitioned from feelings of chaos to creativity; and the third was the candidates’ interpersonal relationships. We conclude that preservice teacher education should provide unique experiences that foster creativity.
Primary tricuspid valve intimal sarcoma found in chest wall and lung tumors
Authors: Morisaki Akimasa , Fujii Hiromichi , Takahashi Yosuke , Yamane Kokoro , Shibata Toshihiko
Published: September 2019

A 50-year-old man with a primary tricuspid valve intimal sarcoma and right ventricular and pulmonary arterial tumors with metastases to the chest wall and lung, confirmed on plain radiographs initially, presented with a cough. He underwent palliative complete removal of the cardiac tumor and partial removal of the right pulmonary arterial tumor with tricuspid valve replacement, to avoid sudden death caused by tumor embolization and to definitively diagnose the cardiac tumor. The cardiac tumor arose from the tricuspid valve leaflets. Nine months postoperatively, the patient died secondary to fatal progression of the pulmonary arterial and lung tumors.
Valve-sparing in tetralogy of Fallot: how to open the pulmonary valve
Authors: Corno Antonio F
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary valve stenosis is characterized by high attachment of the commissures to the pulmonary arterial wall. Thus, the tethering of the fused leaflets should be separated from their anomalous insertion, with increased leaflet mobilization in each commissure, and the fusion between the leaflets should be incised until reaching the pulmonary annulus, providing complete opening of the pulmonary valve. This extended opening of pulmonary valve tethering can provide an additional increase of a few millimeters in the diameter of the pulmonary annulus, enough to completely relieve right ventricular outflow tract obstruction without creating pulmonary valve regurgitation.
Devaluation, erasure and replacement: Urban frontiers and the reproduction of settler colonial urbanism in Tel Aviv
Authors: Milner Elya Lucy
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the continuity of the Israeli settler colonial project into the contemporary moment – as manifested in the city of Tel Aviv – and its transfiguration into current socio-political and spatial processes in the urban arena. It offers a close reading of a case study from which such continuity emerges, exposing the settler colonial terms of production of Tel Aviv in current entrepreneurial real-estate projects. The case study under analysis is of the Giv’at-Amal neighbourhood, established on the emptied Palestinian village of Jamassin in the war of 1948, now facing eviction by private entrepreneurs constructing a luxurious residential compound. The paper aims to expose the ways in which the urban entrepreneurialism in Giv’at-Amal reproduces the settler colonial logic of devaluation, erasure and replacement of existing inhabitants of the land. It further conceptualises the area as an urban frontier, in which current neoliberal restructuring plays an active role in the ongoing production of the settler colonial urban space. By so doing, it aims to undermine the notion that settler colonial projects of replacing existing people and geographies are completed historical events, and to re-articulate them as ongoing contemporary processes.
Comparison of simultaneous arterial spin labeling MRI and 15O-H2O PET measurements of regional cerebral blood flow in rest and altered perfusion states
Authors: Puig Oriol , Henriksen Otto M , Vestergaard Mark B , Hansen Adam E , Andersen Flemming L , Ladefoged Claes N , Rostrup Egill , Larsson Henrik BW , Lindberg Ulrich , Law Ian
Published: September 2019

Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that may provide fully quantitative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) images. However, before its application in clinical routine, ASL needs to be validated against the clinical gold standard, 15O-H2O positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to compare the two techniques by performing simultaneous quantitative ASL-MRI and 15O-H2O-PET examinations in a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. Duplicate rCBF measurements were performed in healthy young subjects ( n = 14) in rest, during hyperventilation, and after acetazolamide (post-ACZ), yielding 63 combined PET/MRI datasets in total. Average global CBF by ASL-MRI and 15O-H2O-PET was not significantly different in any state (40.0 ± 6.5 and 40.6 ± 4.1 mL/100 g/min, respectively in rest, 24.5 ± 5.1 and 23.4 ± 4.8 mL/100 g/min, respectively, during hyperventilation, and 59.1 ± 10.4 and 64.7 ± 10.0 mL/100 g/min, respectively, post-ACZ). Overall, strong correlation between the two methods was found across all states (slope = 1.01, R2 = 0.82), while the correlations within individual states and of reactivity measures were weaker, in particular in rest (R2 = 0.05, p = 0.03). Regional distribution was similar, although ASL yielded higher perfusion and absolute reactivity in highly vascularized areas. In conclusion, ASL-MRI and 15O-H2O-PET measurements of rCBF are highly correlated across different perfusion states, but with variable correlation within and between hemodynamic states, and systematic differences in regional distribution.
Pushing revisited: Differential flatness, trajectory planning, and stabilization
Authors: Zhou Jiaji , Hou Yifan , Mason Matthew T
Published: September 2019

We prove that quasi-static pushing with a sticking contact and ellipsoid approximation of the limit surface is differential flat. Both graphical and algebraic derivations are given. A major conclusion is that the pusher–slider system is reducible to the Dubins car problem where the sticking contact constraints translate to bounded curvature. Planning is as easy as computing a Dubins curve with the additional benefit of time-optimality. For trajectory stabilization, we design closed-loop control using dynamic feedback linearization or open-loop control using two contact points as a form of mechanical feedback. We conduct robotic experiments using objects with different pressure distributions, shape, and contact materials placed at different initial poses that require difficult switching action maneuvers to the goal pose. The average error is within 1.67 mm in translation and 0.5° in orientation over 60 experimental trials. We also show an example of pushing among obstacles using a RRT planner with exact steering.
Fallopian tube serous adenocarcinoma with dizziness as the initial symptom: a case report
Authors: Wang Yuyao , Bian Yang , Qiu Feng , Fang Pu
Published: September 2019

Paroxysmal vertigo as the presenting symptom of a fallopian tube tumor is rare among patients. We present a patient who was finally diagnosed with fallopian tube serous adenocarcinoma with subacute cerebellar degeneration. We analyzed the patients’ clinical, pathological, and imaging data. We conclude that the possibility of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome should be considered when conventional treatment is ineffective for a fallopian tube tumor and other neurological diseases are excluded.
Safety of coloanal/ileoanal anastomosis during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis: results of 20 consecutive patients
Authors: Duzgun Ozgul , Kalin Murat
Published: September 2019

Objective

No studies to date have focused on the safety of coloanal/ileoanal anastomosis (CAIAA) in cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC), which is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. We herein present the outcomes of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) who underwent CAIAA.

Methods

We evaluated the prospectively collected data from 20 patients with PC who underwent CRS + HIPEC with respect to the primary disease, synchronous resections, intraoperative chemotherapy regimen, timing of protective ileostomy closure, and overall postoperative complications.

Results

Most patients underwent CRS + HIPEC and CAIAA for PC due to colorectal cancer. Coloanal anastomosis was performed in 15 (75%) patients, and J-pouch ileoanal anastomosis was performed in 5 (25%) patients. No anastomosis-related complications occurred in any patients who underwent CAIAA; however, one patient died of pulmonary embolism on postoperative day 7.

Conclusions

CAIAA is associated with serious complications even after performing benign colorectal surgery. However, it may be challenging for surgeons to simultaneously perform CAIAA in patients with PC who undergo CRS + HIPEC. We emphasize that this procedure can be safely performed with experienced surgical teams by using a multidisciplinary approach.
Disciplinarity and Literate Activity in Civil and Environmental Engineering: A Lifeworld Perspective
Authors: Durst Sarah
Published: September 2019

Too frequently, representations of disciplinary writing foreground static notions of knowledge creation and literate practice in science and engineering. Rooted in discourse community theory, such representations present normative tropes of scientific practice that background notions of disciplinarity and obscure people’s lived experience and practice. Drawing on a case study of one woman, a civil and environmental engineer, this article argues for a lifeworld perspective of disciplinary becoming: a perspective that foregrounds notions of disciplinarity, lived experience, and literate practices as constantly mobile and in flux. The study suggests, specifically, that the woman’s work as an engineer cannot be separated from the people with whom she works, or has worked, and that her development as a writer extends beyond typical accounts of disciplinary enculturation. The author concludes by offering implications of this research for studies of disciplinarity and school science.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(pyrrole-co-2-nitrocinnamaldehyde) (PPNC), a new copolymer for solar cells applications
Authors: Gherras Hamou , Yahiaoui Ahmed , Hachemaoui Aicha , Belfedal Abdelkader , Dehbi Abdelkader , Zeinert Andreas
Published: September 2019

The use of conductive polymers as a substitute for metallic conductors and semiconductors has attracted much attention in the literature. In particular, aromatic heterocyclic polymers constitute an important class since they possess chemical and electrical stability in both the oxidized (doped) and neutral (undoped) state. A series of poly(pyrrole- co-2-nitrocinnamaldehyde) were obtained via the condensation of pyrrole and 2-nitrocinnamaldehyde in chloroform using acid exchanged montmorillonite clay called maghnite-H+ as an efficient catalyst. The conjugated copolymer was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
Anatomy of the Lateral Plantar Ligaments of the Transverse Metatarsal Arch
Authors: Mason Lyndon , Jayatilaka Malwattage Lara Tania , Fisher Andrew , Fisher Lauren , Swanton Eric , Molloy Andrew
Published: September 2019

Background:

While the anatomy of the Lisfranc complex is well understood, the lateral tarsometatarsal ligamentous structures, in contrast, are less well studied. Our aim in this study was to identify an anatomical explanation as to why the second to fifth metatarsals function as a unit in homolateral and divergent midfoot injuries.

Methods:

Eleven cadaveric lower limbs, preserved in formaldehyde, were examined at the University of Liverpool Human Anatomy and Resource Centre. Each of the lower limbs was dissected to identify the plantar aspect of the transverse metatarsal arch.

Results:

On removal of the long plantar ligament, the peroneal longus tendon was visible, as was its insertion onto the first metatarsal base. A lateral Lisfranc ligament (which was a transverse suspensory metatarsal ligament) spanned between the bases of the second and fifth metatarsals in all specimens with an average length of 33.7 mm and width of 4.6 mm. This ligament has not previously been described. It was noted that in all specimens, the long plantar ligament blended with the lateral Lisfranc ligament. In addition to the lateral Lisfranc ligament, separate intermetatarsal ligaments were identifiable connecting each metatarsal. The long plantar ligament provided a connection through the lateral Lisfranc ligament connecting the transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot.

Conclusion:

We found a plantar ligament that provided connection through the long plantar ligament of both the transverse and the longitudinal arches. It spanned from the second to the fifth metatarsal, which we believe may explain that in some cases, lateral instability can be overcome when the middle column is stabilized.

Clinical Relevance:

We suspect that in the majority of homolateral and divergent types of tarsometatarsal injuries that the lateral Lisfranc ligament remains intact and thus it has significant clinical ramifications.
Skirting Around the Issue: Misdirection and Linguistic Avoidance in Parliamentary Discourses on Upskirting
Authors: Thompson Chrissy
Published: September 2019

Discourses on men’s violence against women have long been associated with linguistic avoidance and communicative strategies that obscure the responsibility of male perpetrators. Linguistic avoidance does not only obfuscate the responsibility of male perpetrators; such strategies also hide the norms and attitudes that underpin much of men’s violence against women. Such techniques represent a form of misdirection: communicative strategies that draw attention away from the true causes or nature of an issue. To demonstrate misdirection in action, I conduct a feminist critical discourse analysis of Australian parliamentarians’ speech acts during the criminalization of upskirting in Victoria in 2007.
Weight Loss and Dietary Interventions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sivanand Arunima , Gulliver Wayne P. , Josan Chitmandeep K. , Alhusayen Raed , Fleming Patrick J.
Published: September 2019

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent, painful, and malodorous abscesses and nodules predominantly in skin folds. HS is associated with substantial morbidity and poor quality of life. There are no curative therapies, and the only approved biologic drug has variable efficacy and requires high doses, making adjunct treatments crucial. An important risk factor for disease severity is obesity. Our primary objective was to conduct a systematic review examining weight loss and dietary interventions, in HS. Our secondary objective was to examine nutritional supplements in HS.A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. We included all study types in adults (>18 years), with a minimum sample size of 5, examining the effects of any dietary or weight loss intervention on HS severity. Two authors screened n = 1279 articles of which 9 met inclusion criteria. All included studies were observational and all interventions were associated with various measures of decreased HS severity. Patient-controlled weight loss and bariatric surgery were associated with HS regression, though a subset of patients with significant increase in panniculi experienced exacerbations and required excision of excess skin. Diets demonstrating benefit eliminated dairy and brewer’s yeast. Nutritional supplements including zinc gluconate, vitamin D, and riboflavin had a suppressive, rather than curative, effect on HS lesions in single studies. Overall, the reviewed interventions show promise as potential adjunct treatments in a HS management plan. Prospective randomized controlled trials should validate these findings.
Federalism and the Racialization of Welfare Policy
Authors: Ojeda Christopher , Whitesell Anne M. , Berkman Michael B. , Plutzer Eric
Published: September 2019

Considerable research shows that welfare policies are stricter in states with large African American caseloads. We challenge the universality of this claim by extending Soss, Fording, and Schram's Racial Classification Model to account for the multidimensionality of policy, the constraints imposed by federal funding, and state legislators' ideological goals and racial stereotypes. Examining the work requirements, sanctions, time limits, and exemptions in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program (TANF), we test our hypotheses using the most detailed measures of state welfare policy yet examined. Consistent with our theory, we show that policy is more generous on some dimensions and less generous on others as the size of the African American caseload increases. This pattern reveals a complexity in welfare policy previously overlooked by research showing only negative effects. The results have important implications for theories addressing race in the context of TANF and other complex policy regimes.
Feasibility of improving cerebral autoregulation in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (BREATHE-ICH) study: Results from an experimental interventional study
Authors: Minhas Jatinder S , Panerai Ronney B , Swienton David , Robinson Thompson G
Published: September 2019

Background

Cerebral autoregulation is impaired in a multitude of neurological conditions. Increasingly, clinical studies are correlating the nature of this impairment with prognostic markers. In acute intracerebral hemorrhage, impairment of cerebral autoregulation has been associated with worsening clinical outcomes including poorer Glasgow Coma Score and larger hematoma volume. Hypocapnia has been shown to improve cerebral autoregulation despite concerns over hypoperfusion and consequent ischemic risks, and it is therefore hypothesized that hypocapnia (via hyperventilation) in acute intracerebral hemorrhage may improve cerebral autoregulation and consequently clinical outcome.

Aims

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the first cerebral autoregulation-targeted intervention in acute intracerebral hemorrhage utilizing a simple bed-side hyperventilatory maneuver.

Methods

Twelve patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 h of onset were enrolled. The experimental setup measured cerebral blood flow velocity (transcranial Doppler), blood pressure (Finometer), and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2, capnography) at baseline, and in response to hypocapnia (−5 mmHg below baseline) achieved via a 90-s hyperventilatory maneuver. Cerebral autoregulation was evaluated with transfer function analysis and autoregulatory index calculations.

Results

We observed tolerance to the protocol in a cohort of mild (National Institutes of Health Scale 4) supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage patients with small volume hematomas without intraventricular extension. Importantly, a significant difference was noted between ipsilateral autoregulatory index at baseline 4.8 (1.7) and autoregulatory index during hypocapnic intervention 7.0 (0.8) (p = 0.0004), reflecting improved cerebral autoregulation, though a dose-dependent effect of EtCO2 on autoregulatory index was not observed.

Conclusions

In this small study, there was no observed effect on 14-day death and disability in recruited participants. This is the first report of improvement in cerebral autoregulation in acute intracerebral hemorrhage using a non-invasive interventional maneuver, through induction of hypocapnia via hyperventilation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03324321 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03324321