bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).
Authors: Anosa V. O. , Kaneko J. J.
Published: January 2017

The results of light and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that Trypanosoma brucei infection produced marked testicular degeneration in deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) with highly significant (p < 0.001) decreases in testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, and epithelial thickness. Lesions in seminiferous tubules consisted of necrosis of spermatids, spermatocytes, and sometimes the spermatogonia. Sertoli's cells had marked vacuolation and accumulation of phagocytic material. Orchitis was present in most infected mice, particularly those with severe seminiferous tubular degeneration.

There was marked folding of the basal laminae of the seminiferous tubule and myoid layer, and a consistent increase in the layers of the basal laminae of the seminiferous tubule. Trypanosomes were present in the intertubular tissues of seminiferous tubules, and they occasionally crossed the myoid layer but never the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules. Inflammatory and other cells in the interstitium consisted of lymphocytes (35.2%), Leydig's cells (25.1%), macrophages (18.1%), plasma cells (12.3%), neutrophils (5.6%), eosinophils (3.2%), and mast cells (0.5%). Inflammatory cells including lymphocytes (51.6%), macrophages (43.9%), plasma cells (3.0%), and eosinophils (1.5%) occasionally breached the myoid layer and occupied the space between it and the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule. Leydig's cells usually existed in clusters, had decreased mitochondrial size and secretory granules, and folding of the nuclear membrane.
Effects of Negative Affectivity and Odor Valence on Chemosensory and Symptom Perception and Perceived Ability to Focus on a Cognitive Task
Authors: Nordin Steven , Aldrin Lina , Claeson Anna-Sara , Andersson Linus
Published: January 2017

The aim was to gain understanding for the impact of negative affectivity (NA) and odor valance on perceptual aspects during low-level odorous exposure. Fifty-five young adults who were either relatively low or high in NA (anxiety, depression, and somatization) were randomized for exposure to either limonene (pleasant odor) or pyridine (unpleasant odor). In an exposure chamber, they took part in baseline, blank and stable exposure sessions, during which they rated odor intensity, impact on ability to focus on an imagined cognitive task, and intensity of symptoms. The results showed higher ratings of negative impact on ability to focus during exposure to the unpleasant odor compared with the pleasant odor, and an association between NA and symptom intensity, with 18% of the variance in symptom intensity explained by somatization. The association between NA and symptom intensity was found to be driven by the factor sex. These results imply (a) that prior findings of odorous exposure that interfere negatively with work performance may be due to impact of an unpleasant odor on ability to focus on cognitive tasks and (b) that there are associations between NA, sex, and symptoms that may partly be referred to attentiveness to and interpretation of bodily sensations.
Analyzing Further Predictors of Correctional Officer Professional Orientations: The Role of Turnover Intentions
Authors: Ferdik Frank Valentino , Hills Phillip
Published: January 2017

Four professional orientations to which correctional officers can ascribe have been identified in extant literature, and they include the counseling roles, concern for corruption of authority, social distance, and punitive ideologies. Studies have generally found officer demographics and correctional working conditions to be significant predictors of these orientations. No study to date, however, has examined the predictive influence of officer voluntary resignation intentions. Linear regression equations using questionnaire data from a statewide population of maximum security correctional officers ( N = 649) were therefore estimated to explore whether officer desires to terminate their employment accounted for variance in their self-reported orientations. Stronger turnover intentions shared statistically significant associations with three orientations, including negatively predicting the counseling roles and positively predicting the punitive ideology. Implications for correctional policy are addressed.
Does Violence in Adolescence Differentially Predict Offending Patterns in Early Adulthood?
Authors: Cardwell Stephanie M. , Piquero Alex R.
Published: January 2017

Previous research is mixed on whether the commission of a violent offense in adolescence is predictive of criminal career characteristics. In the current study, we addressed the following: (a) What factors predict the commission of serious violence in mid-adolescence? and (b) Does involvement in serious violence in mid-adolescence lead to more chronic and/or more heterogeneous patterns of offending in early adulthood? Data were obtained from the Pathways to Desistance Study, a longitudinal study of serious adolescent offenders in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Phoenix, Arizona. Prior arrests, violence exposure, and gang involvement distinguished adolescents who engaged in violence at baseline. A violent offense at baseline was not predictive of a higher frequency of rearrests but was associated with membership in the low offending trajectory. In conclusion, violent offending in adolescence might be a poor predictor of chronic and heterogeneous patterns of offending throughout the life course.
Intracranial structural alteration predicts treatment outcome in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Choi Hanna , Lee Mi Ji , Choi Hyun Ah , Cha Jihoon , Chung Chin-Sang
Published: January 2017

Background

Intracranial structural dislocation in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) can be measured by various intracranial angles and distances. We aimed to identify the clinical significance of structural dislocation in relation to treatment outcome in patients with SIH.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, we identified patients with SIH who received an epidural blood patch (EBP) at Samsung Medical Center from January 2005 to March 2015. Structural dislocation in pretreatment MRIs of SIH patients was assessed by measuring tonsillar herniation, mamillopontine distance, the angle between the vein of Galen and straight sinus (vG/SS angle), the pontomesencephalic angle, and the lateral ventricular angle. After the first EBP, poor response was defined as the persistence of symptoms that prompted a repeat EBP.

Results

Out of the 95 patients included, 31 (32.6%) showed poor response. Among the radiological markers of structural dislocation, the vG/SS angle was associated with poor response (49.82 ± 16.40° vs 66.58 ± 26.08°, p = 0.002). Among clinical variables, premorbid migraine ( p = 0.036) was related to poor response. In multivariate analysis, reduced vG/SS angle was independently associated with poor response (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01 – 1.07] per 1° decrease, p = 0.006). In 23 patients who underwent MRI after successful treatment, the vG/SS angle significantly increased after the EBP ( p < 0.001, by paired t-test), while two patients with aggravation or recurrence showed a further reduction of their vG/SS angles.

Conclusions

Intracranial structural dislocation, measured by the vG/SS angle, is associated with poor response to the first EBP in patients with SIH. Successful treatment can reverse the structural dislocation.
Negotiating Femininity
Authors: Bear Julia B. , Babcock Linda
Published: January 2017

According to gender role congruity theory, women, compared to men, underperform in masculine negotiations because these negotiations are incongruent with women’s gender role. Based on this framework, we developed two gender-relevant primes—a masculine-supplement prime and a feminine-complement prime—that address role incongruity and should improve women’s economic performance by either supplementing masculinity or complementing femininity. In Study 1, physicians ( N = 78; 50% women) in an executive education program engaged in a masculine-supplement prime, which involved recalling agentic behavior; in Study 2, undergraduate students ( N = 112; 50% women) completed a feminine-complement prime, which involved imagining negotiating for a friend. In Study 3, a community sample ( N = 996; 46% women) completed an online experiment with the primes. Results from the three studies showed that these primes improved women’s economic performance and eliminated the gender gap in negotiation. Perception of fit partially explained the efficacy of the masculine-supplement prime for women, though not the feminine-complement prime. We build on past research concerning situational moderators by investigating gender role congruity from an intrapsychic perspective. We also make a practical contribution; these primes can be used by women to improve economic performance in gender role incongruent negotiations. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index .
Land, Kinship, and Consanguineous Marriage in Italy from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Merzario Raul
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: Marriage between consanguineous kin was a common feature of many areas of Italy from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. These took place—with dispensation—both within the broad confines of Church proscriptions on kin marriages and just beyond those confines. In some cases, economic and demographic changes during this period led to increases in such kin marriages, a pattern attributed to the economic strategies of families. Marriages between kin not only served to keep family patrimonies intact over the generations, but often led to hamlets or neighborhoods composed of extended kin.
Irish Households in the Early Twentieth Century: Culture, Class, and Historical Contingency
Authors: Birdwell-Pheasant Donna
Published: January 2017

This article explores the place of the Irish within European family history by comparing early twentieth century household patterns of four occupational groups (strong farmers, modest farmers, nonagricultural people, and laborers) within a small region of Country Kerry. While shared cultural values unify the Irish patterns in some respects, the different resource configurations of the four occupational groups generate clear differences. Some of the variability is strongly influenced by specific historical factors.
Patterns of Conflict in Eighteenth-Century Parisian Families
Authors: Williams Alan
Published: January 2017

Using records of complaint to the police and requests for lettres de cachet, this article explores the structure of conflict that existed in eighteenth-century Parisian families. In contrast to earlier work, it finds that the vast majority of complaints were lodged against spouses, not children, and that it was wives above all who used the state's relatively new coercive capacity in Paris to buttress their position in the family. The article concludes that the impact of the French state on social structure and relationships was a complicated one that cannot be reduced to the reinforcement and protection of those, like fathers, already advantaged by cultural and economic circumstance.
A Higher Quality of Life for Whom? Mouths to Feed and Clothes to Wear in the Families of Late Nineteenth-Century American Workers
Authors: Smith Daniel Scott
Published: January 2017

Children need to be fed, clothed, and sheltered. Historically, an additional baby usually implied a reduction of consumption by other members of a family, a burden that was not necessarily shared equally. Social historians have ignored the issue of inequality within the family. Using the household budgets of nearly 6,000 American workers surveyed in 1889-1890, this article attempts to remedy that neglect. It analyzes the differential impact of higher fertility, measured by the number of children in the household under age five, on the consumption of husbands, wives, and siblings. In response to higher fertility, the wife rather than the husband sacrificed more. Contemporary opinion demonstrates that clothing expenditures provide a good indicator of the extent of involvement in social life beyond the household. A statistical study of expenditures for the clothes of husbands, wives, and children corroborates this interpretation and suggests that the family consumption economy could be an arena of conflict. Finally, the article explores the meanings of the improving consumption status of wives during the twentieth century.
Anglo-American Criteria for Resolving Child Custody Disputes from the Eighteenth Century to the Present: Reflections on the Role of Socio-Cultural Change
Authors: Goldstein Jacob , Fenster C. Abraham
Published: January 2017

Transformations (from the eighteenth century to the present) of legal and cultural criteria pertaining to child custody are examined, with special reference to issues pertaining to ipso facto preference for the father or the mother as the custodial parent. Starting out with (1) the traditional doctrine which (in theory) gave the father an absolute right to custody in the event of divorce or separation, the essay traces (2) early modifications of that doctrine, with incipient concern for the child's best interests; (3) the “tender-years” doctrine, which favored the mother as the caretaker for very young children; (4) a preference (in an almost 180-degree reversal of the traditional doctrine) for the mother as the custodial parent, except in case of the presence of what were viewed as strongly disqualifying factors; and (5) the egalitarian standard, which rejects ipso facto preference based on the parent's sex. These transformations are discussed in relation to fundamental alterations in perception of sex roles and of children's rights; to changing social and economic realities; to judicial attitudes; and to trends in de facto custody arrangements. Disparities between legal principles and social practices are noted.
The US Minimalist Movement: Radical Political Practice?
Authors: Rodriguez Jason
Published: January 2017

The US minimalist movement represents an increasingly popular critical reflection on the ills of consumerism and an effort to forge new ways of living amidst consumer capitalism. In the face of escalating consumption, debt, and environmental degradation, minimalists’ calls for rethinking “needs” is timely and highlights important problems that typify US capitalism. This article explores minimalists’ social-theoretical insights and resistance to consumerism considering whether, and to what extent, minimalism represents a radical, anti-capitalist movement.
Cyberbullying in Children and Youth: Implications for Health and Clinical Practice
Authors: Vaillancourt Tracy , Faris Robert , Mishna Faye
Published: January 2017

We review the recent literature on cyberbullying and its effects on victimised youth, identifying key points. We conclude that cyberbullying, while following many of the underlying dynamics of more traditional forms of bullying, features some unique qualities that can both magnify the damage caused and make it more difficult to detect. These features include the pervasive, never-ending nature of cyberbullying and the ability to quickly reach large audiences. The potential for anonymity and the related distance afforded by screens and devices compared to in-person interaction allow the cruelty of cyberbullying to go unchecked. Despite the perceived anonymity of cyberbullying, cyberbullying can be perpetrated by friends, who often have intimate knowledge about the victimised youth that can be devastating when made public. Given the difficulty schools face in preventing or even detecting cyberbullying, health care providers are an important ally, due to their knowledge of the youth, the sense of trust they bring to youth, and their independence from the school setting. We conclude by calling for routine screening of bullying by health care providers who deal with paediatric populations.
The Social Environment’s Relationship With Frailty: Evidence From Existing Studies
Authors: Duppen Daan , Van der Elst Michaël C. J. , Dury Sarah , Lambotte Deborah , De Donder Liesbeth ,   D-SCOPE
Published: January 2017

Increasingly, policymakers assume that informal networks will provide care for frail older people. While the literature has mainly discussed the role of the family, broader social networks are also considered to be important. However, these social networks can diminish in later life. This systematic review investigates whether the social environment increases the risk of frailty or helps to prevent it. Findings from 15 original studies were classified using five different factors, which denoted five dimensions of the social environment: (a) social networks, (b) social support, (c) social participation, (d) subjective neighborhood experience, and (e) socioeconomic neighborhood characteristics. The discussion highlights that the social environment and frailty are indeed related, and how the neighborhood dimensions and social participation had more consistent results than social support and social networks. Conclusively, recommendations are formulated to contemplate all dimensions of the social environment for further research examining frailty and community care.
Case study: Is the ‘catch-all-plastics bin’ useful in unlocking the hidden resource potential in the residual waste collection system?
Authors: Kranzinger Lukas , Schopf Kerstin , Pomberger Roland , Punesch Elisabeth
Published: January 2017

Austria’s performance in the collection of separated waste is adequate. However, the residual waste still contains substantial amounts of recyclable materials – for example, plastics, paper and board, glass and composite packaging. Plastics (lightweight packaging and similar non-packaging materials) are detected at an average mass content of 13% in residual waste. Despite this huge potential, only 3% of the total amount of residual waste (1,687,000 t y−1) is recycled. This implies that most of the recyclable materials contained in the residual waste are destined for thermal recovery and are lost for recycling. This pilot project, commissioned by the Land of Lower Austria, applied a holistic approach, unique in Europe, to the Lower Austrian waste management system. It aims to transfer excess quantities of plastic packaging and non-packaging recyclables from the residual waste system to the separately collected waste system by introducing a so-called ‘catch-all-plastics bin’. A quantity flow model was constructed and the results showed a realistic increase in the amount of plastics collected of 33.9 wt%. This equals a calculated excess quantity of 19,638 t y−1. The increased plastics collection resulted in a positive impact on the climate footprint (CO2 equivalent) in line with the targets of EU Directive 94/62/EG (Circular Economy Package) and its Amendments. The new collection system involves only moderate additional costs.
Serving the Country or Serving Thyself: The Quest for Prosocial Motives of Russian MPA Students
Authors: Nezhina Tamara G. , Barabashev Alexey G.
Published: January 2017

U.S. and European scholars have established the association between work in government and public service motivation (PSM). Yet, few studies measure PSM among master of public administration (MPA) students and link it to their intention to work in government. For the first time in Russia, the study tests the association between culturally determined measures of prosocial motives of Russian MPA students and their intention to work for government upon graduation. Three theoretical frameworks help structuring this research: public administration, political trust, and volunteering. The data in this study confirm that Russian MPA students with prosocial motives tend to choose work in government. We explain this phenomenon by deriving the prosocial motive theoretical perspective from the larger concept of PSM and from the theory of political trust. In addition, the study finds that formal and informal volunteering is not related to choosing work in government. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Few Students Willing to Pay for Tablet News Content
Authors: Collins Steve , Rabby Michael , Brown Tim
Published: January 2017

A survey of communication students at a southeastern university found that most students are likely to consume newspaper and magazine content they can get free on a tablet but are unlikely to pay for the same content on a tablet.
Civic Journalism as Rationale for Aggressive Coverage of Domestic Assault
Authors: Alexander Mary Jane
Published: January 2017

A Vermont newspaper's policy of publishing names of victims and abusers in domestic violence cases combines the best features of traditional journalism and civic journalism.
Advertisers' Media Selection in Small Newspaper Markets
Authors: Smith Ken
Published: January 2017

Most advertisers in six small cities were unsophisticated in media selection. Cost was seldom cited as a factor.
What it Means to Be a Market-Oriented Newspaper
Authors: Beam Randal A.
Published: January 2017

Survey results find that traditional journalistic values remain important at market-oriented newspapers, though senior editors tend to report more interaction with departments outside the newsroom – including the advertising department.
Pictures, High-Imagery News Language and News Recall
Authors: David Prabu , Kang Jagdeep
Published: January 2017

In this study, both news pictures and high-imagery news copy produced a significant gain in news recall.
Breakdown or Breakthrough in Participatory Government?: How State Open Meetings Laws Apply to Virtual Meetings
Authors: Ross Susan Dente
Published: January 2017

Nearly half of state open meetings laws fail to address the use of information technologies. There is a concern that technologies may be used to exclude the public rather than facilitating its participation.
Taking it Back in Cyberspace: State Retraction Statutes, Defamation Suits against Online Newspapers
Authors: Hoefges R. Michael
Published: January 2017

Most state statutes do not encompass online publications, but court rulings will determine legal status unless state legislatures act.
Commentary: Hey, Editors: Just Stop the Nonsense
Authors: Haiman Robert J.
Published: January 2017

This award-winning editor says the journalistic sins that became so apparent this summer have a simple solution: “Just Stop It.”
Anticipating Delivery
Authors: Little Megan Dodd
Published: January 2017

Delivery has often been treated as an afterthought of the “real work” of writing. This article demonstrates how writers in some contexts must think very carefully about delivery from the very beginning of their process. Tracking collaborative writers’ talk, this article demonstrates how a group of writers works to anticipate delivery by repeatedly constructing delivery narratives—that is, stories about the future handoff of their document to audiences. In a complex case of LGBT policy advocacy, the writers weave together multiple delivery narratives in order to achieve consensus, revealing the influence of discursive voices, perspectives, personal and institutional histories, and disciplinary training on the group’s rhetorical strategies. This article also considers how an experienced administrative lawyer constructs delivery narratives, revealing an expert’s strategy to try to get a legitimate hearing for a novel legal interpretation.
Lower Blepharoplasty in Eyelids Previously Injected With Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler
Authors: Taban Mehryar Ray
Published: January 2017

As under-eye filler injection has become widespread, it is important to understand possible differences and outcome of lower blepharoplasty in these patients. Herein, we describe our experience to address under-eye fat prolapse (via lower blepharoplasty) in patients with “residual fullness” after previous eyelid hyaluronic acid gel injections. Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing (transconjunctival) lower blepharoplasty (with fat repositioning) by one surgeon in eyelids previously injected with hyaluronic acid gel (+/− hyaluronidase), with “residual fullness.” Minimum follow-up time was 6 months. Preoperative and postoperative photographs at longest follow-up visit were evaluated by blind observers. Patient satisfaction was recorded using questionnaire. Surgical anatomy was observed. Total of 15 patients (28 eyelids; 13 females, 2 males) underwent lower blepharoplasty in eyelids previously injected with hyaluronic acid gel (latter to treat under-eye hollowness [tear trough deformity] and/or to camouflage under-eye fat prolapse [“bags”]). All patients had at least one prior hyaluronic acid gel injection with “residual fullness.” Ten patients had also received at least 1 previous hyaluronidase injection. Mean age was 47 years (range, 28-68 years). The surgical anatomy was slightly to moderately distorted with soft tissues (orbital fat, sub-orbicularis oculi fat, orbicularis oculi muscle) being more “spongy” with less clear delineation of surgical landmarks, septa, and fat pads. All patients reported satisfaction with surgical outcome, with no complications or reoperations. Three patients received “touch-up” filler injections. “Revision” lower blepharoplasty can be done safely and effectively to address “residual fullness” in eyelid previously injected with hyaluronic acid gel (+/− hyaluronidase).
Data Collection in a Probability-Based Internet Panel: How the LISS Panel Was Built and How It Can Be Used
Authors: Scherpenzeel Annette
Published: January 2017

Collecte des données dans un panel Internet basé sur les probabilités - Comment le panel LISS a été construit et comment il peut être utilisé: Dans cet article nous présentons la méthodologie pour la mise en place d’un panel qui combine les normes scientifiques pour un panel longitudinal avec les avantages des entretiens par Internet comme méthode de collecte de données. Un panel qui est destiné à la recherche scientifique exige un échantillon probabiliste, couvrant toute la population d’intérêt et donc y compris les personnes sans accès à Internet et les personnes qui ne sont pas volontaires pour répondre aux questions. Nous montrons comment un tel panel peut être construit et entretenu, et comment les chercheurs peuvent l’utiliser et travailler à partir de leurs données gratuites.
Analyse textuelle et analyse de Réseaux: Exemple du traitement d’une base de données bibliographiques à l’aide des logiciels Alceste et Pajek
Authors: Dalud-Vincent Monique , Normand Romuald
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we demonstrate how textual analysis and network analysis are complementary in displaying various groups from a bibliographic data bank, then in building the corresponding networks of co-publication. The Alceste software and Pajek, used on the same ‘‘set’’ of data including 5,000 references, allowed us to objectify the existence of various epistemic communities, as well as the links within and between communities related to the issue of ‘‘measurement’’ in education.
To Participate or Not to Participate: Decision Processes Related to Survey Non-response
Authors: Haunberger Sigrid
Published: January 2017

Participer ou ne pas participer - Processus de décision relatifs à la non-réponse: Cet article propose une approche méthodologique différente à la compréhension des déterminants de la participation dans les enquêtes. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’une enquête par panel sur le Web réalisée avec une population d’étudiants (N = 330). Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes concentrés sur des mesures théoriques des conséquences de la participation: coûts de participation, contexte de l’enquête, attitudes générales sur les enquêtes, et comportement lors des dernières enquêtes « crayon et papier ». Un sous-ensemble de cet échantillon a ensuite été invité à deux reprises de participer à une enquête par panel sur le Web. Cette comparaison permet la prédiction théorique de non-réponse par unité. Nous avons constaté que les ressources de temps et les coûts (la peur de la mauvaise utilisation des données) sont les principaux déterminants de la participation à la première vague; et la pertinence du sujet et des coûts (expérience d’enquête désagréable lors de la première vague) sont les principaux déterminants de la participation à la seconde vague. Ces résultats confirment la théorie de l’action raisonnée pour expliquer la non-réponse par unité et correspondent bien avec les données empiriques.
De l’inefficacité du réseau social – Des liens sociaux non mobilisés chez les patients atteints de cancer
Authors: Defossez Adrien
Published: January 2017

The Ineffectiveness of a Social Network – Non-mobilized Social Ties among Cancer Patients: Many social network studies concern resources that an individual may have access to through social relationships. By focusing on networks that have “worked", these studies try to specify the factors that enabled access. But few studies have examined the networks that failed to provide the goods or the service desired. This article discusses these “ineffective” networks through the case of cancer patients seeking information about their pathology. The results indicate that the causes of the inefficiency of the network are to be found in non-mobilization of links by the patients of the study. A certain number of constraints on these links prevent their mobilization.
Digital light procession three-dimensional printing acrylate/collagen composite airway stent for tracheomalacia
Authors: Zhou Gang , Han Qianyi , Tai Jun , Liu Beibei , Zhang Jing , Wang Kunpeng , Ni Xin , Wang Pengpeng , Liu Xicheng , Jiao Anxia , Wang Shengcai , Li Xiaodan , Zhang Jie , Fan Yubo
Published: January 2017

Recently, more and more researchers have focused on airway stent applied in tracheomalacia. The airway stents for clinical application were usually manufactured in accordance with a fixed pattern, which were difficult to perfect match with children, especially infants. Digital light procession of light curing acrylate resin implantation showed higher accuracy and printing speed over traditional three-dimensional printing techniques. In this article, a novel personalized airway stent was developed by digital light procession three-dimensional printing and was modified by collagen I extracted from the fish scales. The morphology of the collagen-modified airway stent was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical structures were examined by attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of this synthetic acrylate/collagen composite airway stent was characterized by water contact angle test and cell culture. The results confirmed that the composite airway stent was hydrophilic and non-cytotoxic toward a cultured human bronchial epithelial cell line with good cell viability and show excellent physicochemical and biological properties. In conclusion, this study presented the three-dimensional printing composite acrylate and collagen airway stent may have potential in customized treatment for tracheomalacia.
Recidivism and Age: Follow-Up Data From 4,673 Sexual Offenders
Authors: Hanson R. Karl
Published: January 2017

This study examined the relationship of age to sexual recidivism using data from 10 follow-upstudies of adult male sexual offenders (combined sample of 4,673). Rapists were younger thanchild molesters, and the recidivism risk of rapists steadily decreased with age. In contrast,extra familial child molesters showed relatively little reduction in recidivism risk until after theage of50. The recidivism rate of intra familial child molesters was generally low (less than 10%),except for the intra familial offenders in the 18-to24-year-old age group, whose recidivism riskwas comparable to that of rapists and extra familial child molesters. The results are discussed interms of developmental changes in sexual drive, self-control, and opportunities to offend.
The Impact of Contextual Ambiguity on the Interpretation and Recall of Child Sexual Abuse Media Reports
Authors: Collings Steven J.
Published: January 2017

Previous research indicates that approximately 40% of child sexual abuse media reports areambiguous in the sense that information relating to the nature of abuse, the identity of the perpetrator,and/or the location of abuse is not specified. This research examined the impact of suchcontextual ambiguity on the recall and interpretation of child sexual abuse media reports. The189 respondents were recruited through media appeals and presented with one of three versionsof a child sexual abuse press report (stereotype congruent, stereotype incongruent, or contextuallyambiguous). Respondents were asked to provide written descriptions of their thoughts andfeelings about abuse incidents, which were analyzed for attributional content. Recall wasassessed after a 2-week interval. Results indicate that stereotypes affect the recall and interpretationof child sexual abuse media reports in the presence of contextually ambiguous individuatinginformation but not in the presence of nonstereotypic information that is contextuallyunambiguous.
An Initial Assessment of Secular Trends in Muscular Strength Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults Across the Lifespan: National Sample of Americans
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

Adequate muscular strength has important implications for morbidity and early mortality prevention. There are no data on the recent trends in muscular strength across lifespan, which was this study’s purpose.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across the United States.

Participants:

The analyzed sample included 12 295 participants aged 6 to 85 years.

Measures:

Muscular strength was assessed via a handgrip dynamometer.

Analysis:

Adjusted Wald test.

Results:

As expected, men (vs women) had greater grip strength, with grip strength declining as age increased. Central to the focus of this study, there were no changes in absolute or relative grip strength across the waves for any of the evaluated populations (considering age, gender, and race–ethnicity).

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate that muscular grip strength, across all age, gender, and race–ethnicity populations in the United States, has not changed in the 2 successive 2-year time windows, contained over a 4-year period.
Factors Influencing the Breastfeeding Practices of Young Mothers Living in a Maternity Shelter: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Edwards Rosann , Peterson Wendy E. , Noel-Weiss Joy , Shearer Fortier Cathryn
Published: January 2017

Background:

Young mothers have the lowest breastfeeding rates in Canada. Young mothers and their infants who access maternity shelters are especially at risk for poor outcomes, some of which breastfeeding may help to mitigate, yet little is known of the breastfeeding practices of this population.

Research aim:

The purpose of this study was to answer the research question, “What factors influence the breastfeeding practices of young mothers who live or have lived in a maternity shelter?”

Methods:

The study was conducted using interpretive description methodology and inductive content analysis. Data were collected by means of one-on-one interviews, with the participants recruited from a maternity shelter in Ontario, Canada.

Results:

Nine young mothers ages 17 to 24 years, who had initiated breastfeeding and resided at a maternity shelter, were interviewed. The five themes that emerged from the data were as follows: (a) choice, (b) special, (c) importance of early postpartum support, (d) being part of the “in crowd,” and (e) importance of ongoing supports. The participants in this study took ownership of their choice to breastfeed. Hospital postpartum nurses and lactation consultants had a critical role in the establishment of early breastfeeding, and ongoing, accessible, and nonjudgmental peer, family, and community support were important to breastfeeding duration.

Conclusion:

A combination of emotional and practical supports from multiple trusted sources, including professional and peer supports on an ongoing basis, enabled young mothers to reach their breastfeeding goals.
Career Decision-Making Skills of High School Students in The Bahamas
Authors: Rowland Karen D.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of the study was to examine the confidence level in career decision-making of Bahamian adolescents in the high schools in Nassau, Bahamas, investigating factors that influence one's level of confidence in career decision-making. The Career Decision Scale along with a demographic survey were administered to 385 11th and 12th graders to examine six factors which measured the effects and/or interaction effects of influences on confidence in career decision-making. Two MANOVAs and the appropriate follow-up statistics (Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference post hoc tests) were used to determine differences and interaction effects among the variables measuring the level of career decision-making skills. Based on the findings of the study the researcher concluded that for Bahamian adolescents, the type of school, the grade level, and a visit to the school guidance office were significant factors that influenced one's level of confidence in career decision-making.
Career Dilemmas in Career Counseling Groups: Theoretical and Practical Issues
Authors: Santos Paulo Jorge
Published: January 2017

A career dilemma is a hypothetical or real situation in which a character is confronted with several career options each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The main purpose of presenting and discussing a dilemma in career counseling groups is to confront several appraisals of the situation in order to promote more complex thinking about career choices. Another important aim of this technique is to enhance interaction between group members and to analyze similar career dilemmas that the group participants have experienced in the past. The use of the discussion of career dilemmas is described, especially the role of the career counselor, and some suggestions for future research are presented.
School Counselors' Perceptions of Career Counseling and Career Testing: Preferences, Priorities, and Predictors
Authors: Osborn Debra S. , Baggerly Jennifer N.
Published: January 2017

Limited information on the actual and preferred career counseling and career testing activities of school counselors exists. An analysis of a statewide school counselors' survey revealed career counseling and testing preferences, priorities and predictors. Results revealed counselors preferred trait/factor approaches to career counseling, including Holland's RIASEC theory, Person-Environment-Correspondence theory and Cognitive Information Processing theory, respectively. With respect to career counseling and career testing priorities, means comparisons indicated that elementary, middle, and high school counselors' actual time performing career counseling duties is minimal; however, they desire to spend significantly more time on career counseling and testing. Multiple regressions revealed important predictor variables for actual and ideal time spent on career counseling and career testing. Limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed.
Anabolic Steroids: Effect and Regulation
Authors: O'Donnell James T. , Tortoriello Paul
Published: January 2017

Extracts of the testes of man and animal have been used for some time to enhance performance of a variety of sorts. Medical use of steroids dates back several decades, and recent intense athletic and fitness (bodybuilding) competition has driven some to use and abuse of testosterone and synthetic derivatives in the quest for that extra edge, despite a knowledge that anabolic steroids carry significant risk for liver, endocrine, and psychiatric toxicity, and also carry criminal penalties and disciplinary risks for athletes and health care workers who promote and traffic these substances outside their established medical uses.
Children’s ongoing and relational negotiation of informed assent in child–researcher, child–child and child–parent interaction
Authors: Ericsson Stina , Boyd Sally
Published: January 2017

Contemporary considerations of childhood research ethics recognize children’s competence and agency, their rights to be informed about research and their capabilities to negotiate participation. There is also a recognition of children’s assent as ongoing and formed in the relationship with the researcher. Drawing on two different data sets, we investigate information and assent as they appear in child–researcher, child–child and child–parent interactions. We argue for the need to pay attention to participants’ own meaning-making with regard to informed assent, and show how the presence or non-presence of the researcher in data collection may affect information and assent.
Can policymakers improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training programmes? Evidence from Italy
Authors: Matricano Diego
Published: January 2017

Despite efforts by European national governments to implement dedicated entrepreneurship training activities and enhance start-up expectations, as established by the Lisbon Strategy (2000), the results achieved have not always been satisfactory. A particularly noteworthy case occurred in Italy in 2008, when there were very few newly created ventures and a larger number of failed or abandoned ones. The effectiveness of entrepreneurship training programmes therefore requires in-depth investigation. Statistical processing (based on data derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and using logistic regression models) shows that the potential impact of entrepreneurship training programmes, whether formal or informal, on Italian recipients varies according to gender and age. Thus, Italian policymakers should try to govern and manage the supply of these programmes not as a homogenous whole, but by matching specific programmes with specific targets. Only if policymakers are able to approach entrepreneurship training in this way can its effectiveness really be enhanced.
Student-led enterprise groups and entrepreneurial learning
Authors: Preedy Sarah , Jones Paul
Published: January 2017

This study considers the phenomenon of student-led enterprise groups in UK higher education institutions with regard to their role and activities and their potential to enhance entrepreneurial learning. The researchers adopted a case study methodology, acknowledging that a multiplicity of variables influences pedagogical development and therefore the findings are intended to further understanding rather than to produce generalizable data. The study’s findings both support and update those of prior studies which posit a link between the groups and opportunities for experiential and social learning. The article also provides a novel focus on learning outcomes for group leaders.
Understanding Industry—Education Interface Requirements through TQM
Authors: Gilfoil David M. , Kilian Mark H.
Published: January 2017

The Total Quality Management approach has been used by AT&T with considerable success, as indeed it has by other major corporations. In this article, David Gilfoil and Mark Kilian describe the TQM approach adopted by AT&T and then apply this approach to the industry–education interface. Contrasting it with traditional approaches to the relationship between industry and education, they show that the TQM approach can be used to understand and improve the vital link between the two sectors. They end with a list of specific recommendations for moving the relationship forward.
Creating Strategic Philanthropic Partnerships
Authors: Alexander Anne S.
Published: January 2017

The Industrial Ecology Program of the AT&T Foundation provides an example of a long-term philanthropic strategy that reflects company values and practices and makes a substantive contribution to higher education.
Partnership in Regional Development
Authors: Berggreen Ingeborg
Published: January 2017

HE institutes have significant impacts on regional development. Many students in the state of Bavaria, for example, remain in the region after graduating to work. The large construction projects associated with new HE institutes have significant regional employment impacts, while technology transfer (often through third party enabling organizations) offers local industry a direct way to benefit from proximity to HE institutions.
Chemically stable thioether cross-linked membranes derived from sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Li Ye , Yang Bo , Wei Shilin , Geng Chengzhen , Kang Ming , Lu Ai
Published: January 2017

A series of thioether cross-linked membranes based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s containing propenyl groups were prepared to solve the problem of high methanol permeability for proton electrolyte membrane in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). For this purpose, 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol was selected as cross-linker, and the cross-linked structure was formed via thiol-ene click chemical reaction between propenyl and thiol groups. Compared with pristine membrane, the thioether cross-linked membranes exhibited improved mechanical properties and dimensional stabilities. As the cross-linker increased, the swelling ratio decreased from 11.01% to 8.64% at 20°C and from 15.18% to 10.69% at 80°C. Furthermore, the modified membranes exhibited reduced methanol permeability coefficients (down to 4.03 × 10−7 cm2 s−1), which was nearly half of the pristine membrane (7.66 × 10−7 cm2 s−1). Due to the thioether units, the cross-linked membranes showed enhanced oxidative stabilities, and the longest elapsed time in Fenton’s reagent was 225 min, which was 2.5 times longer than that of pristine polymeric membrane. Although the proton conductivity decreased upon the addition of cross-linker agent, the selectivity value increased due to the lower methanol permeability. Thus, all the results implied that the thioether cross-linked membranes were promising alternative materials for DMFCs application.
Interaction of Lamb waves with rivet hole cracks from multiple directions
Authors: Yeasin Bhuiyan Md , Shen Yanfeng , Giurgiutiu Victor
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the interaction of Lamb waves with rivet hole cracks from multiple directions of incident using the finite element approach. Lamb waves undergo scattering and mode conversion after interacting with the damage. Shear horizontal waves appear in the scattered waves because of the mode conversion. Instead of analyzing the whole large structure, the local damage area is analyzed using finite element analyses and analytical formulation is used to analyze the whole structure. The scatter fields are described in terms of wave damage interaction coefficients that involve scattering and mode conversion of Lamb waves. Lamb wave mode (S0 and A0) hit the damage from multiple directions and corresponding wave damage interaction coefficients are obtained around the damage. Harmonic analysis has been performed over the fundamental frequency domain and “scatter cubes” of complex-valued wave damage interaction coefficients are formed. The scatter cube provides the information of relative amplitude and phase of scattered waves around the damage that can be used for designing the sensor installation. An application based on real time domain signal has been illustrated for the problem of multiple-rivet-hole cracks using the scatter cubes with the analytical framework.