bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Facial Fractures in Critically Injured Children
Authors: Irgebay Zhazira , Mehta Meeti , Beiriger Justin W. , Glenney Anne E. , Moroni Elizabeth A. , Smetona John , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Treatment of facial fractures in pediatric patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care has not been well categorized. The purpose of this study is to describe a single-institution experience with the management of pediatric facial fractures in patients requiring ICU-level care.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of patients under 18 years old who presented to a level I trauma center with facial fractures between 2006 and 2021. Types of facial fractures, mechanisms of injury, operative treatment, GCS score, and associated injuries were evaluated in ICU patients compared to patients who were admitted to the hospital, but not ICU.

Results:

Facial fractures were diagnosed in 3334 patients. Of them, 1080 were admitted to the hospital and 207 patients (19.2%) required ICU-level care. Among these patients, the average age was 9.7 ± 4.9 years. The average length of stay was 9.2 ± 10.9 days and the average lowest GCS score was 10.3 ± 4.6. The most common mechanism of injury was a motor vehicle accident (n = 122, 59.5%). Compared to non-ICU admitted patients, patients admitted to the ICU were significantly more likely to present with skull (n = 124, 60.5%, P < .001), orbital (n = 140, 68.3%, P < .001), and maxillary fractures (n = 96, 46.8%, P < .001) and significantly less likely to present with mandibular fractures (n = 47, 22.9%, P = .020). ICU patients had significantly more associated injuries, particularly neurological injuries (91.2% vs 47.8%, P < .001). ICU patients underwent operative treatment at the same rate as non-ICU admitted patients (OR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.5-1.0]).

Conclusions:

Pediatric facial fracture patients requiring ICU-level care are a poorly characterized population. Our data suggest that high impact mechanisms of injury and specific fracture patterns are associated with ICU admission as these patients require particular attention and management.
Prognostic risk assessment model and drug sensitivity analysis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on immune-related lncRNA pairs
Authors: Hao Zezhou , Liang Pengchen , He Changyu , Sha Shuang , Yang Ziyuan , Liu Yixin , Shi Junfeng , Zhu Zhenggang , Chang Qing
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify and screen long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with immune genes in colon cancer, construct immune-related lncRNA pairs, establish a prognostic risk assessment model for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), and explore prognostic factors and drug sensitivity.

Method

Our method was based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To begin, we obtained all pertinent demographic and clinical information on 385 patients with COAD. All lncRNAs significantly related to immune genes and with differential expression were identified to construct immune lncRNA pairs. Subsequently, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox models were used to screen out prognostic-related immune lncRNAs for the establishment of a prognostic risk scoring formula. Finally, We analysed the functional differences between subgroups and screened the drugs, and establish an individual prediction nomogram model.

Results

Our final analysis confirmed eight lncRNA pairs to construct prognostic risk assessment model. Results showed that the high-risk and low-risk groups had significant differences (training (n = 249):p < 0.001, validation (n = 114):p = 0.022). The prognostic model was certified as an independent prognosis model. Compared with the common clinicopathological indicators, the prognostic model had better predictive efficiency (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.805). Finally, We have analysed highly differentiated cellular pathways such as mucosal immune response, identified 9 differential immune cells, 10 sensitive drugs, and establish an individual prediction nomogram model (C-index = 0.820).

Conclusion

Our study verified that the eight lncRNA pairs mentioned can be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of COAD patients. Identified cells, drugs may have an positive effect on colon cancer prognosis.
Prognostic significance of malnutrition risk in elderly patients with acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Ping , Li Wen , Jiang Li , Wang Meiping , Zhu Bo , Xi Xiuming
Published: October 2022

Background

Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients, but nutrition status in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) has been poorly studied. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between malnutrition risk and the occurrence and prognosis of AKI in elderly patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Data were extracted from the Beijing Acute Kidney Injury Trial (BAKIT). A total of 1873 elderly patients were included and compared according to the clinical characteristics of AKI and non-AKI groups, and those of survivors and non-survivors of AKI in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the predictive value of the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score for the occurrence and 28-day prognosis of AKI. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the mNUTRIC score on the 28-day mortality in AKI patients.

Results

Compared with the non-AKI group, AKI patients had higher mNUTRIC scores, and non-survivors had higher mNUTRIC scores than survivors in AKI population. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression showed that 28-day mortality in AKI patients increased by 9.8% (95% CI, 1.018-1.184) for every point increase in the mNUTRIC score, and the mNUTRIC score had good predictive ability for the occurrence of AKI and 28-day mortality in AKI patients. The mortality of AKI patients with mNUTRIC > 4 was significantly increased.

Conclusions

The elderly patients are at high risk of malnutrition, which affects the occurrence and prognosis of AKI. Adequate attention should be given to the nutritional status of elderly patients.

Trial registration

This study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (registration number Chi CTR-ONC-11001875) on 14 December 2011.
Application of Donabedian quality-of-care framework to assess quality of neonatal resuscitation, its outcome, and associated factors among resuscitated newborns at public hospitals of East Wollega zone, Oromia, Western Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Guta Nuredin Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Background

Globally more than 650,000 newborns died on their first day of life from birth asphyxia. The outcome of an asphyxiated newborn depends on the quality of care they received at birth. However, the quality of care newborns received at birth may be below the WHO resuscitation standard. The reason for the poor quality of care is unclear. The Donabedian model, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is an appropriate framework for health care assessment that focuses on improving the quality of care. So this study aims to assess the quality of neonatal resuscitation, outcome, and its associated factors among newborns with birth asphyxia at public hospitals in the East Wollega zone, 2021.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted to observe 410 asphyxiated newborns using consecutive sampling methods. Data was gathered using a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist. Epi-data version 3.1 was used to enter data, which was subsequently exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 for analysis. A logistic regression model was employed to determine the variables associated with the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated, and all variables associated with the outcome variable with a p-value less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis were determined to be significant factors for the outcome of resuscitated newborns.

Result

A total of 410 asphyxiated newborns were included in this study with a response rate of 97%. From this 87.6% of resuscitated newborns survived. Keeping baby warm [AOR = 6.9; CI (3.1, 15.6)] is associated significantly with increased chances of survival while meconium presence in the airway [AOR = 0.26; CI (0.1, 0.6)], prematurity [AOR = 0.24; CI (0.12, 0.48)], and presence of cord prolapse [AOR = 0.08; CI (0.03, 0.19)] were factors significantly associated with decreased survival of resuscitated newborns at 1 h of life.

Conclusion

Newborns who were kept warm were more likely to survive compared to their counterparts. While the presence of meconium in the airway, preterm, and cord prolapse was associated with the decreased survival status of newborns. Facilitating referral linkage in the event of cord prolapse, counseling on early antenatal care initiation to decrease adverse outcomes (prematurity), and neonatal resuscitation refresher training is strongly recommended.
Association between breastfeeding, parents’ body mass index and birth weight with obesity indicators in children
Authors: Santos Maurício dos , Ferrari Gerson , Drenowatz Clemens , Estivaleti José Matheus , de Victo Eduardo Rossato , de Oliveira Luis Carlos , Matsudo Victor
Published: October 2022

Background

Childhood obesity is potentially affected by breastfeeding, parents’ body mass index and birth weight. Thus, this study aimed to verify the association between breastfeeding, parents’ body mass index and birth weight with obesity indicators in children.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study, including data from 402 schoolchildren between 9 and 11 of age in the city of São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. Parents or guardians answered a questionnaire about breastfeeding (month), birth weight (kg), and parental body weight and height (parents’ body mass index [kg/m2] was calculated). Body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm) and body fat (%), determined via bio-impedance, were measured and used as obesity indicators. Multi-level linear regression models were used to assess the respective associations adjusted for the potential confounders.

Results

Considering body mass index of children, the overall prevalence of eutrophic, overweight and obese were 58.2%, 20.9% and 17.2%, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were observed between breastfeeding, maternal as well as paternal body mass index and the children’s body mass index, body fat and waist circumference. Birth weight was weakly and positively associated with body mass index and body fat but was not associated with waist circumference. After adjusting for school, sex, age, race/ethnicity, annual household income, sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, maternal body mass index and birth weight were positively associated with children’s body mass index (β: 0.228; 95%CI: 0.142; 0.314 and β: 0.001; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.002), body fat (β: 0.484; 95%CI: 0.297; 0.671 and β: 0.002; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.003) and waist circumference (β: 0.509; 95%CI: 0.304; 0.715 and β: 0.003; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.005). Breastfeeding was not associated with any obesity indicators.

Conclusion

Maternal body mass index and birth weight were associated with children’s obesity indicators. The perinatal environment, therefore, appears to be a critical contributor to childhood obesity and public policies need to address parental obesity in order to tackle childhood obesity.

Trial registration:

The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500).
Attitudes and personal beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine among people with COVID-19: a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Bennett Monica M. , Douglas Megan , da Graca Briget , Sanchez Katherine , Powers Mark B. , Warren Ann Marie
Published: October 2022

Background

Little research is available regarding vaccination attitudes among those recently diagnosed with COVID-19. This is important to investigate, particularly among those experiencing mild-to-moderate illness, given the ongoing need to improve uptake of both initial vaccine series and booster doses, and the divergent ways such an experience could impact attitudes.

Methods

From September 3 – November 12, 2021, all patients enrolled in Baylor Scott & White’s “COVID-19 Digital Care Journey for Home Monitoring” were invited to participate in an online survey that included questions about vaccination status and attitudes/opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccines. Following an item asking about accordance of COVID-19 vaccination with religious/personal beliefs, participants were asked to describe those beliefs and how they relate to taking/not taking the vaccine.

Results

Of 8,075 patients age ≥ 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 and invited to join the survey during the study period, 3242 (40.2%) were fully vaccinated. In contrast, among the 149 who completed the questionnaire, 95(63.8%) reported full vaccination. Responses differed significantly between vaccination groups. The vaccinated group strongly agreed that COVID-19 is a major public health problem, the vaccines are safe and effective, and their decision to vaccinate included considering community benefit. The unvaccinated group responded neutrally to most questions addressing safety and public health aspects of the vaccine, while strongly disagreeing with statements regarding vaccine effectiveness and other preventative public health measures. The vaccinated group strongly agreed that taking the vaccine accorded with their religious/personal beliefs, while the unvaccinated group was neutral. In qualitative analysis of the free text responses “risk perception/calculation” and “no impact” of religious/personal beliefs on vaccination decisions were frequent themes/subthemes in both groups, but beliefs related to the “greater good” were a strong driver among the vaccinated, while statements emphasizing “individual choice” were a third frequent theme for the unvaccinated.

Conclusion

Our results show that two of the three factors that drive vaccine hesitancy (complacency, and lack of confidence in the vaccines) are present among unvaccinated adults recently diagnosed with COVID-19. They also show that beliefs emphasizing the importance of the greater good promote public health participation.
Superoxide-producing thermostable associate from the small intestines of control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats: quantitative and qualitative changes
Authors: Simonyan R. M. , Simonyan K. V. , Simonyan G. M. , Khachatryan H. S. , Babayan M. A. , Danielyan M. H. , Darbinyan L. V. , Simonyan M. A.
Published: October 2022

Background:

NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), which is highly expressed in the colon, is thought to play a potential role in host defense as a physical and innate immune barrier against commensal or pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Diabetes can be caused by several biological factors, including insulin resistance is one of them. Alloxan is widely used to induce insulin-dependent diabetes in experimental animals. Alloxan increases the generation of reactive oxygen species as a result of metabolic reactions in the body, along with a massive increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.

Methods

Using a universal method, a superoxide radical (О2−)-thermostable associate between NADPH-containing lipoprotein (NLP) and NADPH oxidase (Nox)- NLP-Nox was isolated and purified from the small intestine (SI) of control (C) and alloxan-induced diabetic (AD) albino rats.

Results

In comparison to the C indices, in AD in the SI, an increase in the specific content of NLP-Nox associate and a decrease in the stationary concentration of produced О2−in liquid phase (in solution) and gas phase (during blowing by oxygen of the NLP-Nox solution) were observed. The NLP-Nox of SI associate in C and AD rats produced О2−by an immediate mechanism, using NLP as a substrate. The phenomenon of the hiding of the optical absorption maxima of the Nox in oxidized states at pH10,5 was observed in the composition of these SI associates of the C and AD rat groups. The characteristic absorption maxima of the «hidden» Nox were observed under these conditions after reduction by potassium dithionite.

Conclusion

Thus, at AD, the decrease in the stationary concentration of produced О2−in the solution and gas phase was compensated for by an increase in the specific amount of associate. In addition,  the decrease in the stationary concentration of produced О2−by NLP-Nox associates at AD can be linked to a decrease in the level of NADPH in NLP-Nox composition. This could be used as a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis.
Perceptions of dental health professionals (DHPs) on job satisfaction in Fiji: a qualitative study
Authors: Kumar Samantha , Mohammadnezhad Masoud
Published: October 2022

Background:

Reviewing job satisfaction is crucial as it has an impact on a person’s physical and mental wellbeing, as well as leading to a better organizational commitment of employees that enhances the organizations succession and progress as well as better staff retention. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of job satisfaction amongst Dental Health Professionals (DHPs) in Fiji and associated factors.

Methods:

This study used a phenomenological qualitative method approach commencing from August to November, 2021. The target group for this study were the DHPs who provide prosthetic services. This study was conducted among DHPs from 4 purposively selected clinics in Fiji. A semi- structured open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to transcribe and analyze the audio qualitative data collected from the interviews.

Results:

Twenty-nine DHPs took part in the in-depth interview and the responses were grouped into three themes. The findings from the study indicate that DHPs are most satisfied with their teamwork and the relationship they have with their colleagues and co-workers, followed by the nature of the work and the supervision they received. The participants indicated that they were less satisfied with professional development opportunities and least satisfied with their pay and organizational support they receive.

Conclusion:

The results of this study have identified gaps and areas for improvement of job satisfaction for DHPs who provide prosthetic services in Fiji such as need for more career and professional development pathways, improved infrastructure to support prosthetic service delivery in Fiji and improve remuneration for DHPs. Understanding the factors that affect satisfaction levels and being able to act accordingly are likely to lead to positive outcomes both for DHPs and their organization.
Development of gold Immunochromatographic assay strip based on specific polyclonal antibodies against capsid protein for rapid detection of porcine circovirus 2 in Zhejiang province, China
Authors: Ding Haojie , Shen Yu , Gao Yafan , Wu Songrui , Xie ChengZuo , Sun Hao , Zhang Hongli , Sun Hongchao , Shan Ying , Ding Jianzu , Zheng Bin , Lu Shaohong , Zhuo Xunhui
Published: October 2022

Background

The existing detection methods for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) specific antibodies in serum cannot determine the infection status, thus it is necessary to establish a method for detecting PCV2 antigen. The capsid protein (CAP) of PCV2, as a major structural protein that plays a significant role in viral replication and in inducing host’s immune response, is an ideal target antigen to monitor PCV2 infection. Therefore, a gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for rapid detection of PCV2 antigen based on the polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) against PCV2-CAP will be developed.

Results

The truncated CAP protein (dCAP) was used to immunize rabbits to generate anti-serum. After preliminary purification by caprylic acid/ammonium sulfate precipitation (CAAS), specific PAbs were purified by affinity chromatography column coupled with dCAP and its titer was about two-fold higher than preliminary purified PAbs. Colloidal gold-PAbs conjugate was synthesized under the optimum conditions. The specific anti-dCAP PAbs and goat anti-rabbit antibody (GAR) were then sprayed onto nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as a test line (TL) and a control line (CL), respectively. The visual limit detection (vLOD) of the GICA strips was 5 ng/mL. Specificity assay indicated that the GICA strips had specifically detected PCV2 and was not reactive for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or classic swine fever virus (CSFV). A total of 36 porcine serum samples were detected by this GICA and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit, 9 positive samples were found by the developed strip with the rate of 25.0% comparing with 11 positive samples detected by the commercially ELISA Kit which positive rate was 30.5%, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the relative sensitivity and specificity of this GICA strip were 72.7 and 96.0%, respectively, with an area of 87.2%.

Conclusions

This study established an efficient detection method with high sensitivity and specificity for the clinical diagnosis of PCV2 antigen, that will facilitate a rapid and convenient way to evaluate the infection status of vaccinated pigs.
Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy
Authors: Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Faraj Goran Sedeeq Hama , Rasul Mohammad Fatih , Hidayat Hazha Jamal , Salihi Abbas , Baniahmad Aria , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri-Frad Soudeh
Published: October 2022

Exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized particles that aid intercellular communication by transmitting biological information between cells. Exosomes have therapeutic efficacy that can transfer their contents between cells as natural carriers. In addition, the exosomal contents delivered to the recipient pathological cells significantly inhibit cancer progression. However, exosome-based tumor treatments are inadequately precise or successful, and various challenges should be adequately overcome. Here, we discuss the significant challenges that exosomes face as drug carriers used for therapeutic targets and strategies for overcoming these challenges in order to promote this new incoming drug carrier further and improve future clinical outcomes. We also present techniques for overcoming these challenges.
Targeting Endocytosis and Cell Communications in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Qian , Shi Xiang , Jiang Meixi
Published: October 2022

The existence of multiple endocytic pathways is well known, and their exact biological effects in tumors have been intensively investigated. Endocytosis can affect the connection between tumor cells and determine the fate of tumor cells. Many relationships between endocytosis and tumor cells have been elucidated, but the mechanism of endocytosis between different types of cells in tumors needs to be explored in greater depth. Endocytic receptors sense the environment and are induced by specific ligands to trigger communication between tumor and immune cells. Crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment can occur through direct contact between cell adhesion molecules or indirectly through exosomes. So a better understanding of the endocytic pathways that control cell adhesion molecules and function is expected to lead to new candidates for cancer treatment. In additional, tumor-derived exosomes may changes immune cell function, which may be a key role for tumors to evade immune detection and response. The overall understanding of exosomes through endocytosis is also expected to bring new candidates for therapeutic regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. In this case, endocytic pathways coordinate cell adhesion molecules and exosomes and can be used as targets in the tumor immune microenvironment for cancer treatment.
The WID-CIN test identifies women with, and at risk of, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Barrett James E. , Sundström Karin , Jones Allison , Evans Iona , Wang Jiangrong , Herzog Chiara , Dillner Joakim , Widschwendter Martin
Published: October 2022

Background

Cervical screening is transitioning from primary cytology to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. HPV testing is highly sensitive but there is currently no high-specificity triage method for colposcopy referral to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or above (CIN3+) in women positive for high-risk (hr) HPV subtypes. An objective, automatable test that could accurately perform triage, independently of sample heterogeneity and age, is urgently required.

Methods

We analyzed DNA methylation at ~850,000 CpG sites across the genome in a total of 1254 cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples from cases of screen-detected histologically verified CIN1-3+ (98% hrHPV-positive) and population-based control women free from any cervical disease (100% hrHPV-positive). Samples were provided by a state-of-the-art population-based cohort biobank and consisted of (i) a discovery set of 170 CIN3+ cases and 202 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; (ii) a diagnostic validation set of 87 CIN3+, 90 CIN2, 166 CIN1, and 111 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; and (iii) a predictive validation set of 428 cytology-negative samples (418 hrHPV-positive) of which 210 were diagnosed with CIN3+ in the upcoming 1–4 years and 218 remained disease-free.

Results

We developed the WID-CIN (Women’s cancer risk IDentification-Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) test, a DNA methylation signature consisting of 5000 CpG sites. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) in the independent diagnostic validation set was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.96). At 75% specificity (≤CIN1), the overall sensitivity to detect CIN3+ is 89.7% (83.3–96.1) in all and 92.7% (85.9–99.6) and 65.6% (49.2–82.1) in women aged ≥30 and <30. In hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative samples in the predictive validation set, the WID-CIN detected 54.8% (48.0–61.5) cases developing 1–4 years after sample donation in all ages or 56.9% (47.6–66.2) and 53.5% (43.7–63.2) in ≥30 and <30-year-old women, at a specificity of 75%.

Conclusions

The WID-CIN test identifies the vast majority of hrHPV-positive women with current CIN3+ lesions. In the absence of cytologic abnormalities, a positive WID-CIN test result is likely to indicate a significantly increased risk of developing CIN3+ in the near future.
Randomized Trial of Olaparib With or Without Cediranib for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Results From National Cancer Institute 9984
Authors: Kim Joseph W. , McKay Rana R. , Radke Marc R. , Zhao Shilin , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Davis Nancy B. , Monk Paul , Appleman Leonard J. , Lara Primo N. , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Zhang Jingsong , Paul Asit K. , Bubley Glenn , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Unlu Serhan , Huang Ying , Loda Massimo , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Glazer Peter M. , LoRusso Patricia M. , Ivy S. Percy , Shyr Yu , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Petrylak Daniel P.
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

Cediranib, a pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, suppresses expression of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and increases sensitivity to poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in preclinical models. We investigated whether cediranib combined with olaparib improves the clinical outcomes of patients with prostate cancer.

METHODS

Patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were randomly assigned 1:1 to arm A: cediranib 30 mg once daily plus olaparib 200 mg twice daily or arm B: olaparib 300 mg twice daily alone. The primary end point was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) in the intention-to-treat patients. The secondary end points were rPFS in patients with HRR-deficient and HRR-proficient mCRPC.

RESULTS

In the intention-to-treat set of 90 patients, median rPFS was 8.5 (95% CI, 5.4 to 12.0) and 4.0 (95% CI, 3.2 to 8.5) months in arms A and B, respectively. Cediranib/olaparib significantly improved rPFS versus olaparib alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.617; 95% CI, 0.392 to 0.969; P = .0359). Descriptive analyses showed a median rPFS of 10.6 (95% CI, 5.9 to not assessed [NA]) and 3.8 (95% CI, 2.33 to NA) months (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.272 to 1.504) among patients with HRR-deficient mCRPC, and 13.8 (95% CI, 3.3 to NA) and 11.3 (95% CI, 3.8 to NA) months (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.321 to 2.988) among patients with BRCA2-mutated mCRPC in arms A and B, respectively. The incidence of grades 3-4 adverse events was 61% and 18% in arms A and B, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Cediranib combined with olaparib improved rPFS compared with olaparib alone in men with mCRPC. This combination was associated with an increased incidence of grades 3-4 adverse events. BRCA2-mutated subgroups treated with olaparib with or without cediranib were associated with a numerically longer median rPFS.
A Technique for Metallic Waste Characterization and Segregation in Management Routes
Authors: Mavrikis Dimitrios , Markopoulos Angelos , Dalla Elena , Ioannidou Alexandra , Savidou Anastasia
Published: October 2022

Adequate radiological characterization is important for optimization of metallic waste management. For decommissioning planning, the objective is to obtain a radiological understanding of the involved installation. The characterization at this stage could be carried out by means of: 1) neutron activation calculations based on reactor design and neutron flux; 2) dose rate measurements; 3) in-situ gamma spectrometry; 4) sampling for determination of the scaling factors in activated and contaminated components. During dismantling, in-situ characterization is carried out to classify and package the generated waste. Then, the packages are monitored for assessment of activity and determination of the management route.  The selection of cutting and decontamination techniques should be based on accurate determination of the radionuclides inside the material and/ or on the surface contamination. . It is important to decide in which cases the decontamination will be efficient as well as to select the appropriate decontamination techniques based on whether the waste is slightly activated or contaminated or both. Α Semi-empirical technique for optimization of determination of contamination and activation of components and metallic waste is under development based on combination of gamma spectrometry measurements and MCNPX Monte Carlo simulations. Firstly, the technique aims at reduction of the uncertainties related to the density and activity distribution. The specific activities inside and on the surface of the materials could be determined by using the measurement results of the proposed non-destructive technique in combination with the use of the scaling factors for activation and/ or contamination.
Comparison of Real and Generated by MCNP Simulation Spectrums for Validation of Neutron Activation Calculations
Authors: Markopoulos Angelos , Mavrikis Dimitrios , Ntalla Eleni , Ioannidou Alexandra , Savidou Anastasia
Published: October 2022

The objective for decommissioning planning, is to obtain a radiological understanding of the involved installation. The characterization at this stage could be carried out by means of: (a) neutron activation calculations based on reactor design and neutron flux; (b) dose rate measurements; (c) in-situ gamma spectrometry; (d) sampling for determination of the scaling factors in activated and contaminated components.Neutron activation calculations contains several uncertainties. These uncertainties are based on the input data - such as material data (composition and impurities), neutron flux and energy, nuclear data libraries - and on the methodology of the process and the simulation codes.Taking into consideration all these modeling uncertainties, this work is focused on the development of a technique for validation of the calculations. A non-destructive gamma spectrometry technique by using MCNP6 simulations is under development for interpretation of the resulting gamma-ray spectra of the radionuclides in activated components. In particular, a spectrum will be produced, based on the activities of the main radionuclides in the activated component and the results of MCNP6 simulations. This spectrum will be compared with the experimental spectrum.Furthermore, the radiological characterization of activated components, which appeared with surface contamination, is essential for the decision making process during decommissioning. The cutting techniques to be followed in order to reduce the production of secondary waste and limit the doses to personnel and the selection of decontamination techniques should be based on accurate determination of the radionuclides inside the material and/ or in the surface contamination. The proposed method could also be helpful in this case. The activities inside and on the surface of the components could be determined by comparing the experimental spectrum with that produced by MCNP6 simulations, using the arisen activities from the scaling factors and the dose rate measurements.
6Li(n,t)α reaction event-identification for the 235U(n,f)/6Li(n,t) cross section ratio measurement in the NIFFTE fissionTPC
Authors: Anastasiou Maria
Published: October 2022

While nuclear data play an important role in nuclear physics applications, it has become important to have a better understanding of the data and try to minimize the uncertainties. In particular, there is a need for precision neutron-induced fission cross section measurements on fissile nuclei. Neutron-induced fission cross sections are typically measured as ratios, with a well-known standard in the denominator. While the 235U(n,f) reaction is a well measured standard, some light particle reactions are also well-known and their use as reference can provide information to remove shared systematic uncertainties that are present in an actinide-only ratio. A recent measurement of the 235U(n,f) reaction using as a reference the standard 6Li(n,t) reaction, was conducted at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center using the NIFFTE collaboration’s fission time projection chamber (fissionTPC). The fissionTPC is a 2×2π charged particle tracker designed for measuring neutron-induced fission. Detailed 3D track reconstruction of the reaction products enables evaluation of systematic effects and corresponding uncertainties which are less directly accessible by other measurement techniques. This work focuses on the analysis for the event identification of the 6Li(n,t)α reaction in the fissionTPC.
Neutron Scattering from Porous Materials and Confined Fluids: Applications to CO2 Sequestration and Oil Recovery
Authors: Stefanopoulos Konstantinos Leonidas
Published: October 2022

In the current study we briefly review the advantages of utilising elastic neutron scattering techniques to reveal the structure of porous materials and pore-confined fluids. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits of utilising in situ CO2 injection and neutron scattering in model porous systems as well as in sedimentary rocks to explore the pore morphology, the pore accessibility and the structural properties of pore-confined CO2. This information is important for the design of optimal CO2 sequestration as well as gas and oil recovery projects.
Characterisation of the new HPGe detectors at INPP/NCSR “Demokritos”... and future (n,2n) reactions to be studied
Authors: Peoviti Maria , Axiotis Michail , Georgali Efstathia , Harissopulos Sotirios , Lagoyannis Anastasios , Patronis Nikolaos
Published: October 2022

Within the present work the HPGe detectors of the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics at NCSR “Demokritos” were fully characterized in terms of their efficiency. The three n-type 80% relative efficiency HPGe were recently acquired in the framework of the CALIBRA project. All detectors are equipped with carbon epoxy windows that allow detection of low energy γ-rays. Beside the efficiency characterization, the three detectors were fully modeled by means of GEANT4. In all cases the simulated detector geometries were fine-tuned so as to fully reproduce the experimental efficiency data at different source-to-detector distances. Finally, as a demonstration of the new offered abilities, the efficiency characterization and the GEANT4 modeling of the three HPGe detectors was used for a feasibility study of possible/future (n,2n) activation measurements on medium-weight nuclei.
Radiation exposure of microorganisms living in radioactive mineral springs
Authors: Kolovi Sofia
Published: October 2022

The TIRAMISU collaboration gathers expertise from biologists, physicists, radiochemists and geologists within the Zone-Atelier Territoires Uranifères (ZATU) in France to study the response of microorganisms living in naturally radioactive mineral springs. Mineral springs are isolated ecosystems, extremely stable over geological time scales, which display different physicochemical and radiological parameters compared to their surroundings. Water and sediment samples collected in 27 mineral springs of the volcanic Auvergne region (Massif Central, France) have been analyzed for their microbial biodiversity and radionuclide content. Among the microorganisms present, diatoms (a microalgae species), widely used as environmental bioindicators of water quality, have shown to display an exceptional abundance of teratogenic forms in the most radioactive springs studied (radon activity up to 3700 Bq/L). The current work presents a first assessment of the dose received by the diatoms inhabiting naturally radioactive mineral springs. The radiological risk for microorganisms living in freshwater environments was estimated using the ERICA tool. Most of the sampled mineral springs were highly above the risk threshold of 10 mGy/h due to the large concentrations of radium in the sediments (up to 50 Bq/g). The complete radiological data on water and sediments are used as inputs to Monte Carlo simulations at micro-  (GATE) and nano- (Geant4-DNA) scale in order to assess the direct and indirect damages on the diatom DNA.
On the Dominance of Deformation in Nuclear Physics, its Link to Symplectic Symmetry, and its Roots in an Effective Field Theory
Authors: Draayer J. , Kekejian D. , Sargsyan G. , Dydtrych T. , Baker R. , Launey K.
Published: October 2022

A brief historical review of the important role symmetries have played in our gaining a deeper understanding nuclear structure is presented.We then focus our attention on the special role that symplectic symmetry plays in exposing a “Dominance of Deformation” that is found through enhanced B(E2) rates across the Chart of the Nuclides, and in addition, we will show how the No-Core Symplectic Shell Model (NC-SpSM) seems to emerge from a Symplectic Effective Field Theory(Sp-EFT), where the latter prepares away forward for gaining a truly ab initio understanding of the structure of atomic nuclei. As space permits, various spectra, B(E2) transition rates, and nuclear radii of selected light to medium-mass nuclei are shown.
Review of technical-economic trends for currently operating nuclear power reactors
Authors: Poulopoulou Electra D. , Mitrakos Dimitrios , Petropoulos Nick P.
Published: October 2022

This work attempts a compilation on the performance and evolution indicators for today's (2020) operating nuclear power reactors. Data were obtained from IAEA's Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) Database, transferred to spreadsheets, post-processed, plotted in cognitive graphs and interpreted appropriately. The aim was to identify past, present and possibly future trends related to the usage of nuclear power for electricity production. The examined time span covers mainly currently operating power reactors, which have been grid connected since the '70s. Several operational periods could be identified, each one with its own properties and characteristics: (a) pre Three-Mile-Island, (b) post Three-Mile-Island, (c) post Chernobyl, (d) post Fukushima and, (e) New Build. These periods are loosely connected to the reactor generations as released and installed, i.e. Gen-II, Gen-III and Gen-III+. Although discussed as early as in the late '90s, Gen-IV reactors have not yet been developed. The New Build period involves mainly Gen-III+ types, the proposed Small Modular Reactors (SMR) and, recently, Mini Modular Reactors (MMR). Overall, these indicators point out that: (i) there is no negative trend on the number of active power reactors, (ii) the annual electricity produced by nuclear sources is steadily increasing, (iii) the reactors performance is getting better, (iv) despite their negligible number, the reactor accidents have been the main factors, which prohibited the expansion of nuclear reactors for electricity production, (v) all such accidents were followed by a period of conservative usage of most reactors, and, (vi) there is long-term improvement of the average reactor operational characteristics.
Empirical Description of Isotope Production in 0.01-2.5GeV p+natFe Reactions
Authors: Korakas Kostantinos , Miliadou Athanasia , Katsigianni Theodora-Ilektra , Tasioudis Diamantis , Nicolis Nikolaos George
Published: October 2022

Experimental excitation functions of isotopes produced in  reactions are compared with the results of empirical cross section formulas. We consider excitation functions of 16 isotopes (36Cl, 38Ar, 42,43K, 44Ti, 46,47,48Sc, 48,51Cr, 52Fe, 52,54Mn and 55,56,57Co) produced in  reactions at bombarding energies from threshold up to 2.6 GeV. They are compared with the predictions of the empirical formulas of Rudstam, Silberberg-Tsao and SPACS. In the middle-energy range, the formulas provide (in the stated order) a progressively improved description of the experimental excitation functions of the dominant isotopes. At the highest energies, the limiting values of the dominant excitation functions are well described by the EPAX formula (Version 2.1). The predictive power of these formulas could be questioned at low energies close to the threshold, reaction products with a mass much smaller than the target and possibly low cross section channels.
Simulation of a MicroMegas detector for low-energy α-particle tracking using Garfield++
Authors: Davis Marios , Diakaki Maria , Kokkoris Michael , Michalopoulou-Petropoulou Veatriki , Vlastou Roza
Published: October 2022

In the present work, the simulated detector was a MicroMegas gaseous one, regularly being used for neutron-induced fission studies at NCSR ‘Demokritos’. The initial code tests involved the linear response of the detector with respect to the energy deposition of 5 MeV α-particles. This study was carried out in two distinct steps: First, by collecting simulated data for the deposited charge in the anode electrode for different particle trajectories, as well as, for the same trajectory, but for different gas pressures, ranging between 0.8 and 1.2 atm and then by comparing them with the corresponding results obtained using SRIM2008 regarding the α-particle energy losses inside the detector, with the same set of parameters. Finally, a simulated spectrum of 5 MeV α-particles, having trajectories randomly distributed within the whole detector volume, was obtained using Garfield++ and was compared to an experimental one. The similarities and discrepancies observed are discussed and analyzed.
A new approach for indirect capture measurements: The DICER neutron transmission station at LANSCE
Authors: Stamatopoulos Athanasios , Koehler Paul , Couture Aaron , DiGiovine Brad , Rusev Gencho , Ullmann John
Published: October 2022

Direct (n,γ) measurements on radioactive nuclei can often be challenging. Substantial effort has been devoted to developing indirect techniques and perform measurements on short-lived radionuclides of astrophysical interest. A new indirect technique is being explored at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) which enables the calculation of average neuron capture properties from neutron transmission data. A station for neutron transmission, has been under commissioning during the last two years at LANSCE. The Device for Indirect Capture Experiments on Radionuclides  (DICER) is currently capable of carrying out measurements on stable cylindrical samples with a diameter as small as 1 mm and mass as low as a few mg. The first year of operation indicate that the DICER instrument is ready to perform its first measurement on a radioactive sample (88Zr, t1/2=83.4 days) which is planned for the winter of 2021. A brief description of the apparatus and details on the latest DICER results will be presented.
Study of digitizer properties in nuclear spectroscopy experiments
Authors: Liapatis A. , Axiotis M.
Published: October 2022

In the present work a new CAEN 725S digitizer was implemented and compared to standard analog electronics in simple detector circuits, widely used in experimental nuclear physics. The first obtained results demonstrated that low-cost digital signal processing can offer a faster, improved performance regarding dead time corrections, without any significant effect in the obtained detector resolution values.
Species characterization of soft bottom habitats by depth and sediment particle size on the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean): unexpected species composition of the assemblages
Authors: PINEDO SUSANA , JORDANA ESTHER , BALLESTEROS ENRIC
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study is to describe the macrofaunal composition of marine soft bottom habitats on the Catalan coast between a depth of 3 and 35 meters, considering all groups of macroinvertebrates. The study also aims to compare our data with previous studies focused on the NW Mediterranean and to define the variables that drive assemblage composition. Depending on the species composition and the structure of the assemblages, six different habitats, mainly defined by depth and sediment granulometry, are described. Shallow (<20 m) and deep (>20 m) habitats are easily distinguished and are subdivided in three habitats each: (1) very coarse and coarse sediments (coarse sediments); (2) medium, fine and very fine sands (fine sediments); and (3) muddy sediments. Fine sediments in both shallow and deep waters have emerged as the most common and extensive habitats along the coast up to a depth of 35 meters. Neither coarse nor muddy habitats are frequent. The characterization of shallow habitats produced some unexpected results with respect to previous studies: Spisula subtruncata and Lucinella divaricata were dominant, while neither Ditrupa arietina nor Owenia fusiformis, previously mentioned as dominant polychaetes in shallow fine sand habitats, were common. Polychaetes were, in general, the dominant group (both in species richness and abundance) in the six habitats, except in shallow fine sediments, which were dominated by mollusks. The study is a benchmark for future monitoring of soft bottom habitats on the Catalan coast to a depth of 35 meters.
El culto en vida a Augusto en Hispania.
Authors: Cases Mora Noelia
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se considera un conjunto heterogéneo de inscripciones hispanas que permite documentar la existencia de culto al emperador Augusto, y algunos miembros de su familia, en vida. Se trata de epígrafes en los que aparece el término sacrum, así como dedicaciones a su genius y numen. Estos testimonios muestran la divinización de la figura imperial en vida a través de iniciativas colectivas e individuales que responderían a motivaciones diversas. Asimismo, se hace hincapié en el papel de las primeras evidencias de culto en la reorganización política de zonas recientemente anexionadas al Imperio, como es el caso del noroeste hispano.
I leoni provavano gratitudine? La mirabolante storia di Androclo (e di altri) e il dibattito antico sugli animali.
Authors: Li Causi Pietro
Published: October 2022

Prima di trasformarsi, nei secoli successivi, in ‘racconto popolare’, il motivo dell’uomo che guarisce il leone era stato uno degli argomenti chiave all’interno del dibattito filosofico di età imperiale sullo status degli animali. Nel quadro delle versioni antiche esistenti, ad occupare una posizione di rilievo è senza dubbio il racconto di Androclo e del leone di Apione, che, tradotto in latino da Gellio, è già pronto a diventare canonico proprio perché privo di molte delle implicazioni ‘animalistiche’ e filosofiche che saranno poi aggiunte dagli autori latini delle età successive.