bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Connectivity between Major Nodes of the Limbic System, Salience and Frontoparietal Networks Differentiates Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders from Healthy Controls
Authors: Kandilarova Sevdalina , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Paunova Rositsa , Todeva-Radneva Anna , Aryutova Katrin , Maes Michael
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to examine whether there are quantitative or qualitative differences in the connectome between psychiatric patients and healthy controls and to delineate the connectome features of major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and the severity of these disorders. Toward this end, we have performed effective connectivity analysis of resting state functional MRI data in these three patient groups and healthy controls. We have used spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling (spDCM), and the derived connectome features were further subjected to machine learning. The results outlined a model of 5 connections, which discriminate patients from controls, comprising major nodes of the limbic system (amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HPC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)), the salience network (anterior insula (AI), fronto-parietal and dorsal attention network (middle frontal gyrus (MFG) corresponding to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye field (FEF)). Notably, the alterations in the self-inhibitory connection of the anterior insula emerged as a feature of both mood disorders and SCZ. Moreover, 4 out of the 5 connectome features that discriminate mental illness from controls are features of mood disorders (both MDD and BD), namely the MFG→FEF, HPC→FEF, AI→AMY, and MFG→AMY connections, whereas one connection is a feature of SCZ, namely the AMY→SPL connectivity. A large part of the variance in the severity of depression (31.6%) and SCZ (40.6%) was explained by connectivity features. In conclusion, dysfunctions in the self-regulation of the salience network may underpin major mental disorders, while other key connectome features shape differences between mood disorders and SCZ, and can be used as potential imaging biomarkers.
EVALUASI ADMINISTRATIF PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DALAM PENERBITAN KTP ELEKRONIK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN
Authors: Nugroho Reza Amin , , Isharyanto , , Hartriwiningsih
Published: August 2021

Abstrak
Artikel  ini mengkaji penerbitan KTP Elektronik oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 tahun 2013 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan. Jenis penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah normatif atau doktrinal  yang didukung  data sekunder  berupa  laporan dan  bahan  pustaka.  Jenis data  yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah studi  pustaka.  Sedangkan  analisis  data  dilakukan  dengan  menggunakan  pendekatan  perundang-undangan dan pendekatan historis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pertama, evaluasi adminsitratif Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota dalam penerbitan KTP Elektronik berdasarkan Undang-Undang Administrasi Kependudukan  Nomor  24 Tahun 2013 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan berjalan efektif, terlihat dari capaian penduduk  wajib  KTP  Elektronik  yang  telah  melakukan  perekaman  data  sebanyak 96 Kabupaten/Kota berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 tahun 2013 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan

Kata Kunci : KTP Elektronik, Dokumen Kependudukan, Administrasi Kependudukan, Kependudukan, Penduduk
PENDAYAGUNAAN NASKAH AKADEMIK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA (Suatu Kajian Terhadap Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Dan DPRD Kabupaten Mempawah, Kabupaten Kubu Raya Dan Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat).
Authors: Hazdan M Fahmi , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article examines about what are the factors that constrain the inclusion of academic paper in the formation of regional regulations design of Mempawah District, Kubu Raya District, and Pontianak City in West Kalimantan Province in years of 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. And analyze the implications of legislation that does not utilize the academic paper. This article is a non-doctrinal research, and a qualitative descriptive research. Data in this article is derived from in-depth interviews and documentation study.  From this research showed the  factors that constrain  the inclusion  of  academic  paper  in  the formation of regional regulations design of  Mempawah District, Kubu Raya District, and Pontianak City in West Kalimantan in years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 among others are due to the inclusion of academic paper are not required in the preparation of a formation of regional regulations design in legislation Number 12 Year 2011 about legal drafting. Holders authority of the regulations that do not all have a background in law, especially regarding the establishment of the regulation also be a factor in addition to the lack of awareness of the local community in terms of participation in the process of formation of the regional regulation.

Keyword : Academic Paper, Local Regulations, Local Government.

Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji tentang apa saja faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala penyertaan naskah akademik dalam  pembentukan  Rancangan  Peraturan Daerah  Kabupaten Mempawah, Kabupaten Kubu  Raya dan  Kota Pontianak  di Provinsi Kalimantan  Barat Tahun  2011, 2012, 2013,  2014 dan  tahun 2015. Serta melakukan  analisis mengenai implikasi  Perda yang  tidak mendayagunakan  naskah akademik tersebut. Artikel ini merupakan sebuah penelitian hukum non-doktrinal, dan merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif.Data dalam artikel ini menggunakan data yang berasal dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala penyertaan naskah akademik dalam pembentukan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Mempawah, Kabupaten Kubu RayaDan Kota Pontianak di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Tahun 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 dan tahun 2015 antara lain ialah karena tidak diharuskannya penyertaan naskah akademik dalam penyusunan suatu Rancangan Peraturan Daerah di dalam Undang – Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang – Undangan. Pemegang  wewenang dari pembentuk peraturan yang tidak semua memiliki latar belakang hukum khususnya mengenai pembentukan peraturan perundang – undangan juga menjadi  salah  satu  faktor penyebab selain  kurangnya kesadaran  dari masyarakat di daerah dalam hal partisipasi dalam proses pembentukan Perda tersebut.

Kata kunci : Naskah Akademik, Peraturan Daerah, Pemerintah Daerah.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGATURAN IDEAL PENINJAUAN KEMBALI PERKARA PIDANA PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 34/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Pratama Agung Barok , . Aminah , Jamin Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article  discusses the ideal setting reconsideration after the Constitutional Court decision No. 34/PUU-XII/2013. This research is legal (judicial) normative, namely by reviewing library materials (literature study). Therefore, the data used in this research is secondary data, which includes the primary legal materials, secondary, and tertiary. The results of this study showed that realizing an ideal regulatory application for review should be conducted, first, the MA should retract SEMA 7 2014 it is necessary to avoid confusion law enforcement officials and people seeking justice so as to interfere with the judicial system. If want to make additional rules to facilitate the course of justice, the MA should be poured in the form of PERMA. Second, by accelerating the process of PK and execution. Thirdly, provision PK in the future submission must be adapted to the Constitutional Court decision No. 34/PUU-X/2013. That way the material truth and justice will actually be realized.

Keywords: Judicial Review; Justice; Rule of Law; Supreme Court Decisions.

Abstrak
Artikel ini meneliti tentang pengaturan ideal peninjauan kembali pasca putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 34/PUU-XII/2013.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum (yuridis) normatif, yaitu dengan mengkaji bahan-bahan pustaka (studi kepustakaan). Karena itu, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data skunder, yang mencakup bahan hukum primer, skunder, dan tersier. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, demi menwujudkan suatu peraturan yang ideal permohonan peninjauan kembali maka perlu dilakukan, pertama, MA harus menarik kembali SEMA No.7 Tahun 2014 hal ini ini diperlukan agar tidak terjadi kebingungan aparat penegak hukum dan masyarakat pencari keadilan sehingga dapat mengganggu sistem peradilan. Kedua, dengan mempercepat proses PK dan eksekusinya. Ketiga, ketentuan pengajuan PK kedepanya harus disesuaikan dengan putusan MK No. 34/PUU-XI/2013. Dengan begitu keadilan dan kebenaran materiil akan benar-benar dapat diwujudkan.
Kata kunci: Peninjauan Kembali, Keadilan, Kepastian Hukum, Putusan Mahkamah Agung
IMPLEMENTASI PENGHENTIAN BANTUAN HIDUP PADA PASIEN TERMINAL DALAM PRESPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN HAK HIDUP
Authors: Septiana Dewi , Sudarwanto Al Sentot , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article aims to determine withholding of life support in terminal patients and the protection right of life in terminalpatients. This research uses method a literature review juridical-normative, by analysis the legislation directly and reference-law. The result of this research is the withholdingof life support is a passive euthanasia, which can shorten the patient’s life indirectly. This can be done in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Health No. 37 of 2014. The implementation of withholdingof life support by doctors is also contrary to the code of medical ethics.
Keywords:Withholding life support; patient terminal; the protection of the right to life

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penghentian bantuan hidup pada pasien terminal dan perlindungan hak hidup pada pasien terminal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian telaah pustaka yang bersifat yuridis-normatif, dengan melakukan analisisperaturan perundang-undangandan melalui refrensi-refrensi hukum. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penghentian bantuan hidup merupakan euthanasia pasif, yang dapat memperpendek kehidupan pasien secara tidak langsung. Hal ini dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 37 Tahun 2014.Namun pelaksanaan tindakan penghentian bantuan hidup yang dilakukan oleh dokter bertentangan dengan Kode Etik Kedokteran.
Kata Kunci: penghentian bantuan hidup; pasien koma; perlindungan hak hidup
POLITIK HUKUM KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK DI PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN WONOGIRI
Authors: Raharjo Gabriel Vian Mukti Hutomo , Firdaus Sunny Ummul , Riwanto Agus
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article examine how important of Public Disclosure  to create good governance after the enactment Act of Public Disclosure Number 14 of 2008. This study also analyse Legal Policy of  Public Disclosure to create good governance at Regional Government of Wonogiri. This research is normative research that supported by empirics data. Base on this study showed that the Act of Public Disclosure is a consequense of nation task as mandated in 1945 Constitution. Public Disclosure fulfillment as one of Human Rights which is guaranteed and protected by the state. Fulfillment of Public Disclosure has a philosohical, sociological and juridical meaning. Good Governance is requirement for each goverment to realize the asporations of society and reach the goal as well as the aspirations of the nation. The implementation of Public Disclosure at Regional Government of Wonogiri depend on legal policy and publik policy. The nation that did good governance would have good public policy. Good public policy created the welfare for the citizens.
Keywords: Law policy; public disclosure; good governance; and regional autonomy.

Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji tentang pentingnya Keterbukaan Informasi Publik dalam mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik setelah disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (UU KIP). Penelitian ini menganalisis Politik Hukum berkaitan dengan Keterbukan Informasi Publik dalam mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik di Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Wonogiri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang ditunjang dengan data-data empiris. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa UU KIP merupakan perwujudan pelaksanaan tugas negara sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam UUD 1945. Pemenuhan Informasi Publik merupakan salah satu Hak Asasi Manusia yang dijamin dan dilindungi oleh negara. Pembentukan UU KIP mempunyai makna yang penting secara filosofis, soiologis dan yuridis. Terselenggaranya tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik merupakan syarat bagi setiap pemerintahan untuk mewujudkan aspirasi masyarakat dan mencapai tujuan serta cita-cita bangsa dan negara. Implementasi UU KIP di Kabupaten Wonogiri yang responsif tergantung dari politik hukum dan kebijakan publik yang diambil oleh pemerintah daerah. Negara yang melakukan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik akan menghasilkan kebijakan publik yang baik. Kebijakan publik yang baik akan menghasilkan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat.
Kata kunci: politik hukum; keterbukaan informasi publik; tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik; dan otonomi daerah.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENCEGAHAN dAN PENANGGULANGAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY/AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV/AIdS) dI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Siti , Novianto Widodo.T , Purwadi Hari
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This Articel to analyze the implementation of policy on the prevention and combat of Human Immunodefisiency Virus and Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Surakarta City. This type of research in writing this is a non-doctrinal/empirical, with basing on the concept of the law of the 5th. The form used is the research diagnostic analysis. The data type of the data source, and the primair include primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis using qualitative analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion with respect to issues that are examined, it can be summed up as follows : (1) Factors that become the cause of inadequate response to the HIV and AIDS amongst others caused the problem of HIV and AIDS has not been considered a priority issue by the health sector as well as the development of related sectors; (2) the political support that has not been adequately against the program; (3) yet uncoordinated Commission Response AIDS (KPA) and the SKPD of Surakarta City either the direction of development, planning and implementation of policies and programs regarding the Decree despite various efforts for tackling even the financing has been issued; and (4) the still inadequate dissemination of information and access to health services and the availability of VCT services, ARV existence for sufferers and those at high risk with HIV/AIDS. The steps that must be performed in order to cope with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta, among others : (1) Aspects of the substance of the law with further strengthen runway operations mainly technical instructions and guidelines that govern the start of planning, implementation, evaluation, monitoring, sanctions; (2) Aspects of structure/function and by improving the institutional tasks of KPA either in quality, as well as institutional manegement KPA. (3) Aspects of culture either by increasing the involvement of the population of Key Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) care about HIV/AIDS and high risk groups in planning the program and run the program as well as an evaluation of the program as a Field Officer (FO), Counselor, Case Manager. The establishment of culture/culture done by influencing the attitudes and behavior of continuously/routine so that you can understand, addressing the process of countermeasure and empathy, so as to minimize the discrimination against People Living with HIV/AIDS (ODHA).
Keywords: Implementation – Policy – HIV/AIDS – Surakarta
PENYELESAIAN KREDIT MACET DENGAN AGUNAN YANG DIAMBIL ALIH (AYDA) SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN KREDITUR DI PERSEROAN DAERAH BPR BANK KLATEN
Authors: Warsito Bayu Rangga , Sudarwanto Albertus Sentot
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article was aimed to find out the resolution of bad credits with Collateral procedures are taken over (AYDA) at the Regional Company BPR Bank Klaten the effort against the debtor as one lender protection efforts. This research is a study of empirical law that is descriptive to describe. Data collection techniques are conducted with interviews, observations or observations literature studies. Based on the results of the research and the discussion produced drawing a
conclusion. First, the settlement of bad credit at the Regional Company BPR Bank Klaten with the debtor sent by the provision of a warning letter for three times, then do the call in written and spoken, then do negosiation to turn over as collateral by AYDA perform procedure. Second, the impediments that experienced by the Regional Company BPR Bank Klaten in the face of non-perfoming loans that is a lack of idea of being careful with a field officer, the existence of
faith not good from a debtor, and the existence of the disasters which hit a debtor. While from the regulation those are many requirements in notarial required in AYDA, and the term of selling collateral maximum one year.

Keywords: Settlement Of Bad Credit; AYDA; The Protection Of Creditors; The Company Of The Rural Banks.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelesaian kredit macet dengan prosedur Agunan yang  diambil alih (AYDA) pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Klaten terhadap debitur sebagai salah satu upaya perlindungan kreditur. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelititan hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara narasumber dan  studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dihasilkan simpulan. Kesatu,  penyelesaian kredit macet pada BPR Klaten dengan debitur dilakukan dengan pemberian Surat Peringatan hingga tiga kali, kemudian melakukan pemanggilan secara lisan dan tertulis, kemudian negosiasi untuk menyerahkan agunan dengan melaksanakan prosedur AYDA. Kedua, hambatan yang dialami oleh BPR Klaten dalam menghadapi kredit macet yaitu kurangnya ketelitian petugas lapangan, adanya itikad tidak baik dari debitur, dan adanya musibah yang menimpa debitur. Sedangkan dari regulasi, hambatan yang ada yaitu banyaknya persyaratan secara Notarial yang dibutuhkan dalam AYDA, dan jangka waktu penjualan yang terlalu cepat yaitu maksimal satu tahun.

Kata Kunci: Penyelesaian Kredit Macet; AYDA; Perlindungan Kreditur; Perseroan Daerah BPR Bank Klaten.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI ANGGOTA MULTI LEVEL MARKETING (MLM) YANG BERBASIS APLIKASI DI INDONESIA (Studi Kasus Pada PT Sukses Integritas Perkasa)
Authors: Chintya Kosasih Dinaselina , Budhisulistyawati Ambar
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This articles aims to  find out about the mechanism of transactions and profit sharing at PT Sukses  Integritas Perkasa  and legal protection towards Multi-Level Marketing business members in case  settlement during the Multi-Level Marketing business activities in the case study of PT Sukses  Integritas Perkasa. This research is categorized as a descriptive empirical study. It is using a qualitative approach and primary data support and secondary data. According to the research finding, the legal protection of PT Sukses Integritas Perkasa members in case if a dispute occurs has been stated in the company code of ethics based on applicable regulations in Indonesia. The company code of ethics has elaborated the dispute resolution if a dispute occurs, whereby deliberation and consensus are prioritized prior to other resolution alternatives. In case of the deliberation and consensus failure, dispute resolution alternatives would refer to attend the third party that is arbitration based on Indonesia National Arbitrage Organization (BANI).
Keywords : Multi-Level Marketing; Legal Protection; Dispute Resolution.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme transaksi beserta pembagian reward dalam  PT Sukses Integritas Perkasa dan perlindungan hukum bagi para anggota Multi Level Marketing tersebut beserta cara penyelesaiannya khususnya pada perusahaan MLM PT Sukses Integritas Perkasa. Penulisan hukum ini merupakan jenis penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deksriptif. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan data kualitatif dan jenis data berupa data primer serta data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui, bahwa perlindungan Hukum terhadap anggota PT Sukses Integritas Perkasa apabila terjadi perselisihan sudah tertuang dalam kode etik perusahaan yang berpedoman pada peraturan-peraturan yang sudah ada terlebih dahulu dan berlaku di Indonesia. Kode etik perusahaan juga telah menguraikan mengenai penyelesaian sengketa apabila terjadi perselisihan dimana diselesaikan secara damai terleboh dahulu yaitu dengan musyawarah dan mufakat. Pelaksanaan musyawarah dan mufakat apabila tidak menemui titik temu maka akan penyelesaian akan menggunakan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dengan cara menghadirkan pihak ke tiga yaitu arbitrase yang berpedoman pada peraturan yang ada di  Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia (BANI).
Kata Kunci: Multi Level Marketing; Perlindungan Hukum; Penyelesaian Sengketa.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PRODUK INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS KOPI ARABIKA JAVA SINDORO-SUMBING
Authors: Yusuf M. Rangga , Hadi Hernawan
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article aims to examine the legal issues and to find out the the law enforcement of  Geographical Indication dispute settlement. The method for this research is empirical law research (sociology/non-doctrinal). The descriptive research category and object of this research in Farmers Group of Bina Sejahtera and Association of Geographical Indication Protector of  Kopi Arabika Java Sindoro-Sumbing is analyzed by interviewing the law effectiveness action  and also using qualitative analysis approach. The result of this research shows that the law protection for Kopi Arabika Java Sindoro-Sumbing’s Geographical Indication has given the right and protection for it. Based on juridical aspect it has been regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 about trademark and Geographical Indication Jo. Government Regulation Number 51 of 2007 about Geographical Indication. Yet in the practical fact those laws have not work as they should be. Due to many violations of the using of Geographical Indication right and also the violation cases settlement that hasn’t been continued. So that, the law enforcement is needed to solve the settlement on Geographical Indication violations, either with litigation or non-litigation.
Key Words: Law Protection; Geographical Indication; Kopi Arabika Java Sindoro-Sumbing.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji isu hukum dan untuk mengetahui upaya hukum penyelesaian  sengketa dibidang Indikasi Geografis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris (sosiologis/ non doktrinal). Sifat penelitian deskriptif dan obyek penelitian di Kelompok Tani Kopi Bina Sejahtera dan Masyarakat Pelindung Indikasi Geografis Kopi Arabika Java Sindor-Sumbing dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap efektivitas hukum dan pendekatan
analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa bentuk perlindungan hukum Indikasi Geografis Kopi Arabika Java Sindoro-Sumbing secara yuridis telah diatur melalui UndangUndang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis Jo. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2007 tentang Indikasi Geografis. namun dalam prakteknya perlindungan tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Karna masih terjadinya bentuk pelanggaran penggunaan tanpa hak tanda Indikasi Geografis dan masih terdapat kasus pelanggaran yang belum ditindaklanjuti dalam penyelesaiaanya. Sehingga diperlukan upaya hukum untuk menyelesaikan sengketa atas pelanggaran Indikasi Geografis baik secara non litigasi dan litigasi.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan hukum; Indikasi Geografis; Kopi Arabika Java Sindoro-Sumbing.
ASPEK HUKUM PROSES DIVESTASI SAHAM OLEH PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN ASING
Authors: Christi Silitonga Melati Adventine , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article aims to examine the legal aspects of the share divestment process carried out by  foreign mining companies in Indonesia and related to the obligation of the share divestment process offered to Indonesian Participants by Foreign Mining Companies according to the applicable legislation. This method of writing is legal research with a statute approach. Based on the research, the divestment arrangements in Indonesia still intersect with the non-compliance  of foreign mining companies and the uncertainty of regulations in the past, so that the divestment  process of foreign mining companies such as PT Freeport Indonesia had problems with the Government. The problem during the divestment of PT Freeport Indonesia's shares due to the incompatibility of permits granted by the Government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources to PT Freeport Indonesia was feared to provide bad influences for foreign mining companies which would later also divest.
Keywords: divestment; share; law; mining

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek hukum dari proses divestasi saham yang dilakukan  oleh perusahaan pertambangan asing di Indonesia dan terkait dengan kewajiban proses divestasi saham yang ditawarkan kepada Peserta Indonesia oleh Perusahaan Pertambangan Asing menurut perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Metode penulisan ini adalah legal research dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Berdasarkan penelitian, pengaturan divestasi di Indonesia masih bersinggungan dengan ketidakpatuhan perusahaan pertambangan asing serta ketidaktegasan peraturan di masa lalu sehingga membuat proses divestasi perusahaan pertambangan asing seperti PT Freeport Indonesia sempat bermasalah dengan Pemerintah.. Permasalahan selama divestasi saham PT Freeport Indonesia terbentur pada ketidaksesuaian izin yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral kepada PT Freeport Indonesia dikhawatirkan dapat memberikan influensi yang buruk bagi perusahaanperusahaan pertambangan asing yang nantinya juga akan melakukan divestasi.
Kata kunci: divestasi; saham; hukum; pertambangan
KAJIAN PIDANA KERJA SOSIAL DITINJAU DARI SEGI SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Widyastuti Bheti
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the application of Criminal Law in Indonesia, it uses a model of imprisonment. Imprisonment  penalties are often used because they are considered effective in providing a deterrent effect on criminals. However, along with the development of the times, imprisonment sanctions are considered not to prioritize the human side concerning the right to freedom for every human being. In the Draft Draft Criminal Code 2017 alternative sanctions were prepared. One of the alternative sanctions that will be discussed by the author is social work criminal sanctions. Social work criminal sanctions are considered in accordance with current criteria which prioritize the human side and provide direct moral learning to criminals. So that the author here aims to discuss the application of social work criminal sanctions in Indonesia from a criminal law perspective and the application of social work sanctions from a sociological legal perspective.

Abstrak
Dalam penerapannya Hukum Pidana di Indonesia menggunakan model penjatuhan sanksi  pidana penjara. Sanksi pidana penjara sering kali digunakan karena dinilai efektif dalam memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku kejahatan. Namun seiring dengan perkembangan zaman sanksi pidana penjara dinilai tidak mengedepankan sisi kemanusian yang menyangkut hak merdeka bagi setiap manusia. Dalam Draft RUU KUHP 2017 disusunlah alternatif sanksi. Salah satu alternatif sanksi yang akan dibahas oleh penulis adalah sanksi pidana kerja sosial. Sanksi pidana kerja sosial dinilai sesuai dengan kriteria zaman saat ini yang lebih mengedepankan sisi kemanusiaan dan memberikan pembelajaran moral secara langsung kepada pelaku kejahatan. Sehingga penulis disini bermaksud untuk membahas penerapan sanksi pidana kerja sosial di Indonesia dari perspektif hukum pidana dan penerapan sanksi kerja sosial dari perspektif sosiologi hukum.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BERDASARKAN ASAS STRICT LIABILITY (STUDI KASUS PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN OLEH PT. RAYON UTAMA MAKMUR (RUM) KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO)
Authors: Fitriani Henny Yunita
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Criminal act formulated in Environmental Protection Law Number 32 Year 2009 still contains an  element of error (mens rea) as the main element that must be proven. In the case of environmental criminal acts committed by corporations, it is difficult to prove the causal relationship of the element of error with the criminal law act (actus reus). The strict liability doctrine can be applied as a basis for corporate criminal responsibility that commits environmental crimes by revising criminal provisions in environmental law (UUPPLH) by removing mens rea element, because the current UUPPLH only provides a basis for implementing strict liability in settling disputes through courts with a civil lawsuit mechanism. The expansion of the principle of strict liability in criminal law will more effectively impose corporate criminal responsibility, including in this paper the case of environmental pollution by PT. Rayon Utama Makmur (RUM) Sukoharjo.

Abstrak
Perumusan tindak pidana dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan  dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup masih mengandung unsur kesalahan (mens rea) sebagai unsur pokok yang harus dibuktikan. Dalam kasus tindak pidana lingkungan yang dilakukan korporasi sulit untuk membuktikan hubungan kausal unsur kesalahan tersebut dengan perbuatan hukum pidana (actus reus). Doktrin strict liability dapat diterapkan sebagai dasar pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dengan cara merevisi ketentuan pidana dalam hukum lingkungan (UUPPLH) dengan menghapus unsur kesalahan, karena UUPPLH saat ini hanya memberikan dasar penerapan strict liability dalam penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan dengan mekanisme gugatan perdata. Perluasan asas strict liability dalam ranah pidana akan membebankan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi secara lebih efektif, termasuk dalam makalah ini kasus pencemaran lingkungan oleh PT. Rayon Utama Makmur (RUM) Sukoharjo.
INFORMED CONSENT DAN REKAM MEDIS DALAM TELEMEDICINE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mustikasari Aidha Puteri
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Health services continue to develop following the updates in information technology, one of  which is the use of telemedicine as a means of communicating between doctors and patients who experience long-distance consultation or treatment interactions. Not only to make it easier, but there are several new problems related to the delivery of informed consent, where any information related to disease diagnosis and treatment must be accepted, understood and approved by the patient. The recording of medical records has also experienced some turmoil because the data security system in Indonesia is not ready to allow the leakage of confidential information related to patients. Telemedicine is also not easy to do because there is no physical examination that can help doctors diagnose a disease, and it does not rule out that patients are not honest in providing information related to their condition. So this study focuses on how to deliver informed consent in the telemedicine process and the efforts that can be made to maintain the confidentiality of medical records. The government, the Indonesian Medical Association and the Medical Ethics Council are expected to support efforts to make telemedicine services in Indonesia safer and more orderly.

 

Abstrak

Layanan kesehatan terus berkembang mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi, salah  satunya adalah penggunaan telemedicine sebagai sara berhubungan antara dokter dengan pasien yang memberi kan pengalama konsultasi atau interaksi pengobatan jarak jauh. Tidak semata-mata mempermudah namun ada beberapa hal yang menjadi masalah baru yaitu terkait dengan penyampaian informed consent yang mana setiap informasi terkain dengan diagnose penyakit dan penangana harus dapat diterima, dimengerti dan disetujui oleh pasien. Pencatatan rekam medis juga mengalami guncngan karena belum siapnya sistem pengamanan data yang ada di Indonesia memungkinkan adanya kebocoran terhadap informasi rahasia terkait dengan pasien. Telemedicine juga tidak mudah untuk dilakukan pasalnya tidak adanyanya pemeriksaan fisik yang dapat membantu dokter dalam mendiagnosa suatu penyakit, serta tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa pasien tidak jujur dalam memberikan informasi terkait dengan keadannya. Maka penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana cara penyampaian informed consent dalam proses telemedicine dan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kerahasiaan rekam medik. Pemerintah, Ikatan Dokter Indonesia dan Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran diharapkan dapat mendukung upaya-upaya agar layanan telemedicine di Indonesia menjadi lebih aman dan tertata.

 
PROBLEMATIKA YURIDIS PENJATUHAN SANKSI PIDANA MATI TERHADAP KORUPTOR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Tantowi Wildan
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Corrutiption is categorized as an extraordinary crime, the eradicting must also be done  seriously. This article examines the criminal law policy of imposing the death penalty for corruptors during the covid-19 Pandemic. The Covid Pandemic in Indonesia as a national non-natural disaster which has been a serious concern of the government. In the event of corruption cases occur during the Covid-19 Pandemic, such criminal cases should be tackled in an extraordinary and special way because the impact of Covid-19 Pandemic has affected all sectors of life. Considering the Covid-19 Pandemic, it is appropriate if Indonesia is currently categorized under certain conditions. It means that this condition implies that if a criminal act of corruption occurs during the Covid-19 Pandemic, law enforcers can prosecute or impose a death penalty for corruption perpetrators as stipulated in Article 2 paragraph (1) and (2) of the Corruption Eradication Law. This research used the normative legal method which is carried out through literature study and used the statue approach to find out what weaknesses can lead to juridical problems with the enforcement of the death penalty against corruptors in Indonesia and to analyze the urgency of criminal law policy n the imposition of the death penalty for corruptors during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Abstrak
Tindak pidana korupsi dikategorikan sebagai extraordinary crime, Pemberantasan tindak  pidana korupsi  juga harus dilakukan dengan cara yang luar biasa. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang kebijakan hukum pidana penjatuhan sanksi pidana mati terhadap koruptor pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 . Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia ditetapkan sebagai bencana non-alam nasional yang telah menjadi perhatian serius dari pemerintah. Apabila terjadi tindak pidana korupsi pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 ini, maka penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi tersebut harus dilakukan secara luar biasa dan khusus. Mengingat dampak dari Pandemi Covid-19 ini telah mempengaruhi segalam macam sektor kehidupan. Melihat kondisi Pandemi Covid-19 sudah selayaknya apabila Indonesia saat ini dikategorikan dalam kondisi keadaan tertentu. Artinya dari kondisi tersebut berimplikasi apabila terjadi tindak pidana korupsi pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 penegak hukum dapat menuntut atau menjatuhkan pidana mati bagi pelaku korupsi sebagaimana telah diatur dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dipadukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang nantinya tujuan dari penulisan artikel untuk mengetahui kelemahan-kelemahan apa saja yang dapat memunculkan sebuah problematika yuridis terhadap penegakan hukuman pidana mati kepada koruptor di Indonesia dan menganalisis urgensi
kebijakan hukum pidana di Indonesia dalam penjatuhan pidana mati kepada koruptor pada  masa Pandemi Covid-19.
KAJIAN PENERAPAN ETIKA DOKTER PADA PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: J. A. Sofia
Published: August 2021

Doctors in medical services must comply with professional ethics (professional ethical standards), and must also comply with legal provisions, laws and regulations. This study raises the question of how to provide health services during the Covid-19 pandemic and how to apply ethics in the provision of health services. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of health services and ethics in the provision of health services. This research uses normative research methods, namely research conducted in consultation with library materials. Based on the research, it can be seen that in the pandemic era, the application of health services and ethics in the provision of health services is in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations

Keywords: Covid-19, Doctor's ethics, Health services

 

Dokter dalam pelayanan medis harus tunduk pada etika profesi (standar etika profesi), dan juga harus tunduk pada ketentuan hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan Kajian ini mengangkat pertanyaan tentang bagaimana memberikan pelayanan kesehatan di masa pandemi Covid-19 dan bagaimana menerapkan etika dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan pelayanan kesehatan dan etika dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, yaitu penelitian dilakukan dengan berkonsultasi dengan bahan pustaka. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa di era pandemi, penerapan pelayanan kesehatan dan etika dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

Kata Kunci: Etika Dokter, Pelayanan Kesehatan, Covid-19
Spatial distribution and thickness of fine-grained sediment along the United States portion of the upper Niagara River, New York
Authors: Wadman Heidi , McNinch Jesse
Published: August 2021

Over 220 linear miles of geophysical data, including sidescan sonar and chirp sub-bottom profiles, were collected in 2016 and 2017 by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Fish and Wildlife Service in the upper Niagara River. In addition, 36 sediment grab samples were collected to groundtruth the geophysical data. These data were used to map the spatial distribution of fine-grained sediment, including volume data in certain locations, along the shallow shorelines of the upper Niagara River. Overall, the most extensive deposits were spatially associated with either small tributaries or with man-made structures that modified the natural flow of the system. Extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) were also mapped. Although always associated with a fine-grained matrix, the SAV beds were patchy in distribution, which might reflect subtle differences in the grain size of the sediment matrix or could simply be a function of variations in species or growth. The maps generated from this effort can be used to guide sampling plans for future studies of contamination in fine-grained sediment regions.
PTPN2 Expression in Cystadenocarcinoma Ovary and It’s Clinical Value Based on TCGA Database
Authors: Fan Yaguang , Zhu Yingrui
Published: August 2021

Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) is a malignant tumor that often has a poor prognosis because of its late detection. The expression of PTPN2 is associated with a variety of tumors, but its effect on OV is not well understood. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between PTPN2 and the prognosis of OV. Analysis of patients with OV using The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed an association between PTPN2 expression and the prognosis of OV. We established a model of the relationship between these factors by logistic regression, which showed a significant correlation between the tumor grade and decreased expression of PTPN2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that low PTPN2 expression was associated with poor overall survival. Further analysis of the expression of immune cells in OV using the ssGSEA package revealed a significant correlation between the expression level of PTPN2 in OV and the numbers of mast, gamma delta, helper, and central memory T cells. We also found differences between the phenotypic pathways associated with low PTPN2 expression and pathways of genes and proteins that determine epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Finally, a network diagram of protein molecular interactions was drawn using the STRING database, which showed that PTPN2 was closely related to the signal converter and transcriptional activator family and Janus kinase family. Thus, PTPN2 shows potential for use as a prognostic biomarker in OV and is associated with immune infiltration.
Evaluation of Long-Term Degree-Days Estimated with Several Methods for Corn in Nebraska, USA
Authors: Dai Shuwei , Shulski Martha D. , Yang Haishun , Elmore Roger W.
Published: August 2021

The concept of thermal time, measured in degree-days, is widely used among the agricultural community in Nebraska to make decisions in corn (Zea Mays L.) production. Instead of the real-time temperatures that are experienced by corn plants, most of the widely available temperature data are limited to daily timescale observations from standard meteorological stations. And a variety of equations are used by different agricultural groups (e.g., researchers, advisors, farmers, and seed companies) to estimate thermal time for corn. Two problems could arise: a) the estimation method is lacking in accuracy; and b) different estimation methods are used for the same purpose by different groups. Consequently, citing these inaccurate and maybe inherently different thermal time results could lead to biased decisions in corn production. The goal of this study is to evaluate six commonly used estimation methods by comparing the estimated thermal time with the hourly-temperature approximated thermal time. We analyzed the root mean square error and mean absolute error for six metrics of total growing season (from May through September) degree-days based on the temperature data from a total of 14 long-term observing locations in Nebraska. In particular, we selected four location-extreme year cases to demonstrate the six methods’ estimation performance on a daily timescale. We found that the most commonly used adjusted Tmax and Tmin rectangle method provided poor estimation in the study area. Instead, single-sine, double-sine, or Tavg-based method was more superior depending on the metric of degree-days.
PLAC8 Correlates with Prognosis, Immune Infiltration, and T Cell Exhaustion in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liao Pan , Wang Ying , Sun Lixia , Yue Hongpeng
Published: August 2021

Background: Lysosomal protein placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) with abundant cysteine, also referred to as onzin, participates in numerous cancers, and its effect is greatly determined by the cellular and tumor microenvironment (TME). Ourstudy focused on investigating the prognostic significance of PLAC8 and examined the association between PLAC8, immune infiltration, and T cells function in multiple malignancies comprehensively, particularly in breast cancer (BRCA).Methods: PLAC8 expression in various malignancies was analyzed using TIMER. PrognoScan, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and GEPIA2 were utilized to explore the significance of PLAC8 in prognostic prediction. Moreover, PLAC8 functions were systematically analyzed through cancerSEA. Additionally, TISIDB, TIMER, and GEPIA2 were also employed for analyzing the associations among PLAC8, immune infiltration, related gene marker sets, and clinical stages. Finally, PLAC8 and its co-expressed genes biological process and KEGG were analyzed. Results: PLAC8 expression decreased in most malignancies and was related to poor prognosis in BRCA. PLAC8 significantly affected the survival of BRCA with ER status – array, PR status – IHC, HER2 status – array, Intrinsic subtype, Grade, and Pietenpol subtype. Increased PLAC8 expression positively correlated with the increased immune infiltration levels within immune cells and many functional T cells (such as exhausted T cells). In BRCA cells, PLAC8 functional phenotypesshowed a negative correlation with invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, DNA damage, and DNA repair. Besides, PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, LAG3, and GZMB, critical genes of exhausted T cells, interacted with PLAC8. Further analysis indicated that PLAC8 was related to T cell activation, proliferation and adhesion of leukocytes,adaptive immune response, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), cytotoxicity-mediated by natural killer cells, and the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway.Conclusion:PLAC8 is a prognostic indicator in pan-cancers, especially BRCA. Elevated PLAC8 level could significantly enhance immune infiltration in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and functional T cells. Additionally, PLAC8 was tightly associatedwith T cell exhaustion which possibly enhances the latterwithin BRCA. PLAC8 expression determination might help in prognosis, and modulation of PLAC8level within exhausted T cells, a novel approach for optimizing the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy on BRCA cases.
Risk Factors of Residual Lesions in Cervical High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion After LEEP in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ding Zhuyun , Xu Lijuan , Chen Luting , Chai Haili , Jin Yan , Sun Yunyan
Published: August 2021

Purpose To investigate the risk factors of residual lesions in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methods A total of 88 patients, including 38 perimenopausal patients and 50 postmenopausal patients, who were diagnosed with cervical HSIL after LEEP in Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Songjiang Hospital from May 2016 to May 2021 and then underwent hysterectomy within 3 months were collected. The patients' age, hrHPV typing, liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT), cervical biopsy P16 expression under colposcopy, endocervical curettage(ECC) during LEEP , margin status of LEEP and whole uterine pathology were reviewed and the risk factors of residual lesions after LEEP in HSIL patients were analyzed statistically with t test,χ2 test or logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 88 patients, there was no statistical difference in the residual rate between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in age, hrHPV typing, TCT, P16 expression, and LEEP margin between with and without residue group (P >0.05), but there was statistically significant difference in ECC (P < 0.01). In perimenopausal group, there were no statistically significant differences in all the factors (P >0.05) except ECC (P < 0.01) between with and without residue group. While in postmenopausal group, all the factors were not statistically different(P >0.05) except margin status (P < 0.01).After multivariate, positive endocervical curettage was a risk factor of the residual lesionsin perimenopausal group after LEEP ( P < 0.01), and positive LEEP margin was one for postmenopausal patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions Positive ECC is a risk factor of residual lesions in perimenopausal women with HSIL after LEEP. Positive LEEP margin was a risk factor for the residual lesions in postmenopausal patients.