bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internationalization and Firm Performance: Case of Manufacturing Enterprises in Ecuador
Authors: Tu Phan Anh , Anh Huynh Tuan
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to investigate the impact of internationalization on manufacturing enterprise performance in Ecuador. Using a panel data of 90 enterprises in Ecuador over the year 2003, 2006, 2010, and 2017 collected by the Worldbank Enterprises Survey project, with the Random Effects Model (REM) and the Fixed Effects Model (FEM), the regression result shows that the degree of internationalization (DOI) has a non-linear impact on firm performance under the inverse S-shaped curve. Besides that, the factors related to the business environment, such as bribery, access to finance, and skilled laborers' barriers, also negatively impact these firms' performance. The study's implication provides not only for firms but also for policymakers to support Ecuador businesses in the process of internationalization.
The Relationship of Human Resource Practices (HRP) Constructs With Turnover Intention Among Employees in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Kasa Mark , Leong Choi-Meng , Pudun Joseph , Poh Sheena , Ramli Nursyafiqah
Published: January 2021

Competition within the service industry is getting more intense due to privatisation and rising number of business entities creating toward competitiveness in the market. The banking sector is known as one of the service industries with a high rate of turnover in Malaysia. Some of the reason employees choose to leave an organisation are such as arduous and strenuous job environment as well as demanding workloads. When more and more employees leave the organization, it will cause unfavourable impacts on a bank’s performance and productivity. Previous literatures have revealed the relatedness of human resource practices (HRP) with turnover intention (TI). 283 questionnaires have been distributed to bank employees in Kuching, Malaysia. The collected data was analysed in the aspects of correlation and regression where the results show that HRP are negatively related to employee’s turnover intention. Results from the research demonstrated the importance for bank employers to further enhance its existing HRP to minimize employees' turnover intentions. Furthermore, implications as well as recommendation for future study are also provided by this research. This study extends the knowledge of the effectiveness of human resource practices by incorporating the various effects of human resources practices on turnover intention from the employee perspective. This study also recommended few strategies for enhancement of present HRP to lower bank employees’ intention to quit the job.
Statistical Analysis of Performance Indicators of the Leading Russian Exporters
Authors: Gorbunova Mariia , Khazan Mariya , Livanova Elena , Morozova Tatiana
Published: January 2021

Promoting the country’s competitiveness amid global turbulence is an important task at every level of the economy’s management. In the circumstances of Russia’s shrinking trade balance, which is due to the unfavorable resource market environment, studying the businesses of Russian exporters becomes a relevant research problem. The focus is placed on the dilemma of commodity/non-commodity exports, which is important to emerging markets.During the research, the authors conducted an analysis of revenue indicators and commodity and geographical diversification indicators of the leading Russian exporters based on materials from Expert Business Weekly, which may yield the following conclusions. First, resource companies’ export revenues are less volatile. Second, research results confirm, in a direct or an indirect way, the greater inclination and efficiency of resource exporters towards geographical (country-wise) diversification, whereas commodity diversification is an export strategy tool of non-resource companies. Third, the authors identified a positive correlation between foreign trade revenues, on the one hand, and the number of countries served and trade items offered, on the other hand, for mineral and energy companies; moreover, a higher elasticity of export revenue on a number of markets served was revealed. For the manufacturing exporters representing chemical, petrochemical, and food industries, a positive correlation between export revenues and the number of HS 4-digit commodity lines was identified in some years and industries alongside a higher elasticity of export income on number of commodity lines. The linear regression model showed that the addition of a new product in terms of HS 4-digit code would lead to a bigger increase in export income than a new national market entry. So, the authorities should support a product diversification of both commodity and manufacturing exporters encouraging the innovation.Thus, the performed analysis is of great practical importance, since Russia is the largest trading country in Central Europe. And the results shed light on export performance of its leading companies.
Design as a Factor in the Development of a Country's Economy
Authors: Nasimi Gasimova Elfana , Saleh Salehzadeh Gulchohra , Humbatova Sugra Ingilab
Published: January 2021

Economic development is a priority in the management of any state. The article attempts to consider the impact of design on the economic condition of the country. Additionally, the connection of the country's economy, the development of design and its support from the state is analyzed. Design as a factor in the development of the country's economy is a single system, which implies a whole thread of events. In modern society, in the conditions of the paramount importance of technology in the life of every person, more than ever, it becomes important to have things convenient and practical in use. Today, the design is a strategic tool, the correct use of which leads to success in business. The relevance of the study is caused by a very low level of research on the development aspect of the country's economy - design.
A Simple Initiative to Decrease Time to Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Open Fractures Is Durable After 2 Years
Authors: Goodman Avi D. , Modest Jacob M. , Johnson Joey P. , Hayda Roman A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

A simple antibiotic prophylaxis initiative can effectively decrease the time to antibiotic administration for patients with open fractures. We aim to determine whether adherence to the protocol decreased over time without active input from the orthopaedic trauma team.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with open fractures (excluding hand) presenting directly to the emergency department at one Level I trauma center. Three separate 50-patient groups were included: a preimplementation cohort, immediately postimplementation cohort, and a retention cohort 2 years later. The primary outcome was time from emergency department presentation to antibiotic administration, and secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes and incidence of infection requiring revision surgery within 90 days. The χ2 and Student t-tests evaluated between-group differences, and multivariable linear or logistic regression evaluated risk factors.

Results:

After implementation, the time from presentation to antibiotic administration decreased markedly from 123.1 to 35.7 minutes and remained durable (50.0 minutes) at retention. The proportion of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes increased markedly from 46% preimplementation to 82% postintervention and remained similar at retention (80%). The postintervention and retention groups were markedly more likely to receive antibiotics within 60 minutes than the preintervention group (odds ratio [OR], 8.4 and 4.7, respectively), as were patients with a higher Gustilo-Anderson type (OR, 2.4/unit increase), lower extremity injury (OR, 2.8), and male sex (OR, 3.1); mechanism, age, and Injury Severity Score were not associated. No difference was observed in infection.

Conclusions:

Our educational initiative showed durable results in reducing the time from presentation to antibiotic administration after 2 years.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III
Cementless Fixation in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Historical Perspective to Contemporary Application
Authors: Kamath Atul F. , Siddiqi Ahmed , Malkani Arthur L. , Krebs Viktor E.
Published: January 2021

Cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been considered the benchmark, with excellent clinical outcomes and low rates of aseptic loosening at the long-term follow-up. However, alterations of the bone/cement interface leading to aseptic loosening, particularly in younger and obese patients, along with increased life expectancy have led to a renewed interest in noncemented TKA fixation. Certain early noncemented designs exhibited higher rates of subsidence and component failure. Improvements in designs, materials, and surgical technique offer promise for improved results with contemporary noncemented TKA applications. In an increasing cost-conscious healthcare environment, implant cost is important to consider because press-fit prostheses are generally more expensive. However, this cost may be offset by shorter surgical times, cement costs, and the potential for osseous integration. Technological advances have improved the manufacturing of porous metals, with reported excellent midterm survivorship. Future prospective, randomized trials, and registry data are needed to delineate differences between cemented and noncemented fixation, survivorship, and patient-reported outcomes, especially in young, functionally active, and/or obese populations.
Predictors of under Five Years Old Diarrhoeal Disease in Mataniko Informal Settlements in Solomon Islands
Authors: Gali Ambrose , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Khan Sabiha , Lowry John
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea remains a serious health problem among children under five years (U5y) in the world. Though diarrhoea is a preventable disease, U5y are often at high risk to diarrhoea infection.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of diarrhoeal disease among children U5y, in Mataniko informal settlements, in Honiara, Solomon Islands.

METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted at three out of the six randomly selected Mataniko informal settlements situated along the Mataniko River corridor, in Honiara, Solomon Islands. Caregivers with children U5y were included in this study. A total of 205 caregivers being interviewed using a pre-tested survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, followed by binary logistic regression to explore the relationship between the investigated variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

RESULTS: The results of this study showed that 45.9% of all caregivers had reported that their U5y children had suffered with at least one episode of diarrhoea within the last 2 weeks prior to the study. Age of children, number of U5y children per caregiver, and fortnightly income level below $1500 (SBD) were significantly associated with under-five diarrhoea (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study showed different factors which were associated with U5y diarrhoea in Solomon Islands. To address these exposures, relevant programmes and preventive strategies should be considered.
Total Parenteral Nutrition Management Based on Intravenous Drug Compounding Service
Authors: Lin Lin , Luo Fasheng , Bhaumik Amiya , Chakkaravarthy Divya Midhun
Published: January 2021

Total parenteral nutrition treatment is complex and has serious and detrimental complications, including catheter-related blood stream infections, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia and hypercalcemia. This research examines how Intravenous Drug Compounding Service (IDCS) figures in total parenteral nutrition prescriptions reviewed by pharmacists, strengthens hospital clinical care and improves patients’ health. For this study, a total of 56164 nutritional prescriptions or medical orders from a hospital in Guangdong from 2016 to 2020 were randomly selected. According to whether IDCS was administered, the patients were divided into two experimental groups: the intervention group and the control group. The types and numbers of irrational prescriptions in the two groups were analyzed and compared, and further analysis of the role of IDCS in improving the level of nutritional prescriptions was performed. The results showed that the rate of irrational prescriptions in the intervention group from 2016 to 2020 was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The total irrational prescription rate in the intervention group was 32.53‱ on average, which was significantly lower than the 156‱ in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). After the administration of IDCS, the incidence rates of both total prescription errors and formulation errors were significantly lower than the incidence rate of irrational prescriptions without pharmacists’ intervention. The study confirms the importance and necessity of IDCS, so that patients can receive more efficient nutrition and health management services.
COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Association between Compliance and Public Opinion
Authors: Timothy Chikasirimobi Goodhope , Charwe Deborah Donald , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L , Miner Chundung Asabe , Kwasi Abu Emmanuel , Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , Goson Piwuna Christopher , Langsi Raymond , Ekpenyong Bernadine , Oloruntoba Richard , Nwaeze Obinna , Ishaya Tanko , Mashige Khathutshelo Percy , Agho Kingsley
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created a global public health crisis and non-compliance with public health measures to contain the infection poses a challenge to Sub-Saharan African governments. This study investigated the associations between compliance and public opinion on COVID-19 public health containment measures across selected SSA countries.

METHOD: Anonymous online cross-sectional survey was administered to 1779 adults (18 years and older) during the mandatory lockdown period in most African countries (April 18 - May 16, 2020). Respondents were recruited via Facebook, WhatsApp, and authors' networks. Data on participants’ socio-demographics, their opinions regarding the precautionary measures against COVID-19, and their compliance with preventive measures were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between compliance and public opinions about COVID-19.

RESULTS: Respondents who did not think that public health authorities in their countries were doing enough to control the C0VID-19 outbreak were more likely to attend crowded places (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.30-2.35). Those who thought COVID-19 would not remain in their countries (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 - 0.96) and those who thought self-isolation is not needed during the pandemic (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13 - 0.65) were less likely to encourage others to comply with the strategies put in place to prevent the spread of the disease. Participants who thought the COVID-19 outbreak was dangerous and those wearing medical masks were found to wash their hands with soap under running water.

CONCLUSION: The study showed that public opinion influenced the compliance of individuals to public health measures for containment and mitigation of COVID-19. There is a need to improve compliance by the public.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Network and Communication Technologies Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Lee Bruce
Published: January 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Network and Communication Technologies Vol. 5, No. 2, 2020.
Real estate tax measures in response to COVID-19
Authors: Tetłak Karolina
Published: January 2021

As part of combating the economic effects of the coronavirus epidemic in Poland, a package of measures commonly referred to as the “anti-crisis shield” was adopted. On 31 March 2020, the Anti-COVID-19 Act was published, which includes, inter alia, regulations extending the scope of powers of municipal councils to pass legislation on tax reliefs in the field of real estate tax. The special competences of municipal councils include introducing exemptions and extending the deadline for paying tax installments. Their characteristic feature is their personal and material nature, which is a departure from the general rule, according to which municipal councils may only introduce non-personal (material, objective) tax preferences. The aim of the study is to present these new competences and to draw attention to the existing powers of municipal councils that can be used to counteract the effects of the pandemic crisis.
Do Pequeno ao Grande Líbano: os desafios contemporâneos da República Libanesa
Authors: Zahreddine Danny
Published: January 2021

Com os últimos eventos que ocorreram no Líbano, a partir de outubro de 2019, várias questões acerca da governabilidade do país são levantadas. Marcado por uma história de múltiplos conflitos internos, e de intervenções externas, a República Libanesa é o resultado de decisões pretéritas que foram fundamentais na determinação dos seus dilemas atuais. Este artigo apresenta um histórico da criação do Líbano, desde a formação do Emirado do Monte Líbano, passando pelo mandato francês, até a criação do "Grande Líbano". Sua sociedade multi-confessional, e as transformações ocorridas durante o mandato francês, acarretaram implicações profundas para a política e socieade libanesa. Ao final, discute-se os protestos que ocorrem no país desde o ano de 2019, e o futuro do sistema político sectário que persiste desde o Pacto Nacional de 1943.
¿Aumenta la participación en operaciones de paz la capacidad de las fuerzas armadas en interactuar con actores civiles? Una evaluación del aprendizaje en el caso de las Fuerzas Armadas chilenas
Authors: Jenne Nicole
Published: January 2021

Generalmente se supone que la participación en operaciones de paz aumenta la capacidad de las fuerzas armadas para interactuar con distintos actores civiles. Este documento presenta evidencia del caso de la participación de las Fuerzas Armadas de Chile en el mantenimiento de la paz, principalmente la Misión de Estabilización de las Naciones Unidas en Haití (MINUSTAH, 2004-2017). En base de un estudio cualitativo, se evalúa si las operaciones de paz tuvieron efectos a través de procesos de aprendizaje institucionalizados o individuales. La evidencia demuestra que la participación en operaciones de paz condujo a distintos aprendizajes en las personas individualmente. No obstante, estas lecciones tuvieron una trascendencia limitada en el conjunto de la institución militar. En conclusión, las operaciones de paz no han conducido a cambios fundamentales en la auto-percepción de las Fuerzas Armadas chilenas de su función frente a los actores civiles.
Group-Based Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for the Improvement of Mental Outcomes in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Patients in Low Resource Care Facilities
Authors: Shaw Ina , Cronje Melany , Shaw Brandon Stuwart
Published: January 2021

Background: Exercise is related to enhanced cognitive functioning and brain plasticity. Exercise might represent a potential adjunctive treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, group exercise may prove especially useful due to its additional benefits. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of low-cost, group-based exercise on mental outcomes in patients with mild to moderate AD. Methods: Participants with mild to moderate AD were randomized to either a non-exercising control (CON) group or a group-exercise (GEX) group (n = 20 each). The GEX participated in eight weeks of three-times-weekly non-consecutive 45-minute sessions consisting of balance, resistance, aerobic, and flexibility exercises to determine their effect on mental outcomes, namely, cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADLs), and quality of life (QOL). Results: The intervention program showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (P = 0.023). While the GEX were found to have no change in their (Alzheimer’s disease cooperative study activities of daily living) ADCS-ADL scores (P = 0.574). The CON demonstrated a significant, but deleterious 13.77% decrease in their ADCS-ADL scores from pre- to mid-test (P = 0.023) and from pre- to post-test (P = 0.038). Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) scores were unchanged in both the GEX and CON. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a low-cost, multidimensional group exercise intervention can positively influence cognitive function and improve patients with mild to moderate AD ability to perform ADLs.
Which of the Anthropometric Parameters and Hormonal Variables in Prepubertal Children Are Correlated to True Micropenis?
Authors: Rezakhaniha Sadra , Rezakhaniha Bijan , Siroosbakht Soheila
Published: January 2021

Background: Most issues of micropenis boys include poor body image and quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this assay was to survey the relationship of anthropometric measures, testosterone, estradiol, gonadotropins and prolactin with stretched penile length (SPL) and flaccid glans-pubis length (GPL) in pre-pubertal boys with true small penis. Methods: This was prospective a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital, Tehran, Iran from February 2015 to May 2020. The pre-pubertal children 7 - 14 years who referred with small penis size were evaluated by a pediatrician and urologist and, if they had true micropenis, they were enrolled in the study (n = 236). The anthropometric and hormonal measurements, SPL, GPL, and relationship of these variables were evaluated. Results: Mean ages of children were 11.65 ± 1.59 years. Mean SPL and GPL were 2.95 ± 1.23 and 2.29 ± 1.06 cm, respectively. There was a significant relationship between SPL and GPL (r = 0.976, P = 0.000). SPL and GPL were not correlated with BMI (r = -0.182, P = 0.054; r = -0.161, P = 0.089, respectively). A significant correlation was found between SPL and GPL with height, FSH, LH, Testosterone and T/E ratio (P < 0.01) but no correlation with weight, estradiol and prolactin (> 0.05). Conclusions: According to the finding of present study, the flaccid measurement can be as helpful as stretched measurement if it is done from pubic bone to tip of glans. Retraining of primary health workers about age-related penile length may be reducing the misdiagnosis of micropenis and concerns of parents, especially in obese boys. The penile length in prepubertal children was not related to BMI and weight but was significantly related to height. Furthermore, Estradiol level is not related to penile length in children with micropenis.
Association of COVID-19 Infection and Purpura Fulminans
Authors: Sanaei Dashti Anahita , Dehghani Seyed Sina , Moravej Hossein , Abootalebi Seyyedeh Narjes
Published: January 2021

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was officially declared as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although most patients with COVID-19 manifest fever and respiratory tract symptoms, extrapulmonary and atypical presentations, such as gastrointestinal, neurologic, and cardiovascular involvement as well as thromboembolic events have been reported amongst COVID-19 patients. Herein, we aim to describe a COVID-19 patient who progressed to purpura fulminans.
A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Montelukast on the Serum Level of Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Azargoon Alireza , Kharazmkia Ali , Kordalivand Nazanin , Birjandi Mehdi , Mir Samareh
Published: January 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major noncommunicable respiratory disease with diverse pulmonary and external pulmonary clinical manifestations. This disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, and about 1% of the adult population suffers from COPD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Montelukast on the serum level of inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, 74 patients with COPD with stable conditions were followed for two months after a random assignment to the placebo and montelukast (10 mg/d) groups. All patients continued their treatment protocol irrespective of their group to evaluate the effects of the addition of montelukast on serum levels of common inflammatory factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Interleukin 18 (IL-18) in COPD patients. SPSS 18 software was used for data analysis. Results of quantitative data were reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and qualitative data as frequency (percentage). If the data distribution was normal, the paired t-test was used to compare the mean before and after and using an independent t-test to compare the mean changes between the two groups. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were also used if the data were not assumed to be normal. A P < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences in laboratory studies between the two groups. After two months of intervention, there was no evidence of decreased TNF-α and CRP in the montelukast group. IL-18 levels were not significantly different at the end of the study between the two groups (P = 0.23), but it had a decreasing trend in the montelukast group (from 20.25 ± 5.98 ng/ml to 16.19 ± 4.17 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Montelukast complementary therapy in COPD patients only improve the serum IL-18 levels and has not a reducing effect on the level of TNF-α and CRP evidenced by keeping their trend from baseline to the end of the study.
Web Kullanıcılarının Bilgi Erişim ve Ziyaret Desenlerinin Web Madenciliği ile Keşfi: Kırklareli Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: BUDAK Veli Özcan , EROL Çiğdem Selçukcan
Published: January 2021

Web siteleri, kurumsal ya da bireysel açıdan hitap edilen kitleyle ilk temasın sağlandığı bir etkileşim aracıdır. Bu araç, yoğun bir bilgi erişim ve ziyaret trafiğinin bulunduğu süreçlerde, kullanıcı davranışlarındaki farklı desenlerin tespit edilebileceği önemli bir potansiyeli içinde barındırmaktadır. Bu desenler, kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarının daha belirginleştirilmesi ve site geliştiricilerinin bu ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda güncellemeler yapabilmesi açısından oldukça kritik görevler üstlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dünya genelinde yaşanan Covid-19 pandemisinin ülkemizde etkinliğini arttırdığı süreçte, Kırklareli Üniversitesi web sitelerindeki kullanıcıların bilgi erişim ihtiyaçlarındaki değişimin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, kullanıcıların bilgi erişim ve ziyaret davranışları, apriori algoritmasıyla bağımsız ve birlikte olacak şekilde incelenerek, aralarındaki ilişkilerin ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Bilgi erişim kavramı açısından çalışma sonuçları, kullanıcıların “tez yazımı”na yönelik çeşitli arama terimleriyle bilgi ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya çalıştıklarını göstermiştir. Bu sonuç, özellikle lisansüstü öğrencilerin ilgili süreçte aktif olduklarına işaret etmektedir. Ziyaret davranışları açısından, “uzaktan eğitim”, “koronavirüs” ve “tatil” temalı sayfaların ağırlıklı olarak ziyaret edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilgi erişim davranışları sonrasında sergilenen ziyaret davranışları açısındansa, “tez yazımı”, “tatil” ve “eğitim öğretimin ertelenmesi” temalı ziyaretlerin birliktelikleri göze çarpmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkarılmış olan davranış desenleri ve bu desenlerden nasıl faydalanılabileceğine yönelik öneriler çalışma kapsamında detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmıştır.
Instagramda Benlik Sunumu: Takipçi Etkisi Üzerine Dramaturjik Bir İnceleme
Authors: GÜLMAMMADZADE Ulkar , IŞIKLI Şevki
Published: January 2021

İnternet tabanlı iletişim teknolojileri ve özellikle sosyal medya platformları, bireysel davranışları ve toplumsal ilişkileri pek çok yönde etkiler. Sosyal medya, 21. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan dijital kültür içindeki en etkili iletişim platformdur çünkü gerçek toplumsal çevreye karşı alternatif bir sanal toplumsal çevre oluşturmaya izin verir. Kullanıcılar bu platformları sadece sosyalleşmek, diğer insanlarla bağlantı halinde olmak veya haber almak için kullanmazlar, aynı zamanda “kendilerini-benliklerini sunmak” için de kullanırlar. Kullanıcılar, sosyal medya ortamlarında kendi arzu, beğeni ve ideallerine göre yeniden inşa ettikleri bir dijital kimliğe sahip olabiliyorlar. Sosyal medyanın bu psiko-sosyal etkisinin çok yönlü olarak analiz edilmesi gerekir. Araştırmalar, “daha fazla takipçi edinme ve daha fazla izlenme arzusu”nun bazı sosyal medya fenomenlerinde kompulsif sanrı aşamasına değin ilerleyebildiğini göstermektedir. Elinizdeki dramaturjik analiz araştırmasında, Instagram fenomenlerinin sosyal medyadaki benlik sunumları ile gözlemci-takipçi etkisi arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş; benlik sunumunda özbelikten ideal benliğe doğru geçiş şeklinde yaşanan dönüşüm, psikanalitik ve sosyal psikoloji terimleriyle yorumlanmıştır. Takipçi sayısı 10,000’den (on bin) fazla olan ve “sosyal medya fenomeni” olarak adlandırılan, rastlantısal yöntemle belirlenen 6 (altı) farklı İnstagram kullanıcısının takipçi sayısı düşük olduğu “fenomenlik öncesi dönemi” ile takipçi sayısının 10,000’i aştığı “fenomenlik dönemi”ne ait 5’şer adet paylaşımı, Goffman’ın dramaturjik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma bulgularına göre, fenomen olarak adlandırılan kullanıcılar, gözlemci-takipçi etkisinin gücü ve hızına bağlı olarak beğeni odaklı benlik sunumu evresine daha hızlı giriyor, öz beliklerinden daha hızlı uzaklaşıyor ve gündelik benlik sunumu davranışlarını daha hızlı terk ediyorlar. Bu olgu; fenomenlerin kendilerini takipçilerinin izleme, beğenme, ilgisiz kalma, cesaretlendirme, destekleme, paylaşma, kaydetme, eleştirme ve yorum yapma gibi dijital tepkilerine göre yeniden biçimlendirdikleri, benlik sunumlarını takipçi arzularına göre yeniden şekillendiridikleri anlamına gelmektedir. Kullanıcıların bir tür dijital yabancılaşma ve öz-benlik ile ideal benlik arasındaki çatışma yaşamaları beklenilebilir. Sosyal medya bir iletişim aracı olmanın ötesine geçmiş, bir sosyal etkileşim ortamı haline gelmiştir.
Squaring a circle
Authors: Sornito Juan E.
Published: January 2021

It is impossible to construct a square equal to a given circle by the exclusive use of a straight edge and compass. This paper is intended to present a solution to this problem with a slight departure from the purely “straight-edge-and-compass” method.
Mathematics in French secondary schools
Authors: Woodby Lauren G.
Published: January 2021

In these days of criticism of secondary mathematics, it is good to have comparative studies of educational programs. This article describes the program in France and touches on current educational problems.
College preparatory mathematics in grades nine through twelve
Authors: Adkins Jackson B.
Published: January 2021

A college preparatory course is described by showing how the use of four major mathematical ideas unifies the program of grades nine through twelve.
Mathematics in the Junior High School: Mathematical games build skills
Authors: Johnson Donovan A. , Olander Clarence
Published: January 2021

In the same way that athletic contests inspire students to spend tremendous time and energy in practice, classroom games may be a means for stimulating learning activities. Why not capitalize on your students’ interest in the activity and competition of games to promote learning and practice activities that are exciting? When mathematics practice is an adventure most of our difficulties in building mathematical skills vanish.
What is a geometric tangent?
Authors: Andree Richard V.
Published: January 2021

Do YOU KNOW the meaning of the phrase “line tangent to a curve”? Before you read on, take a minute to write down your definition of a “line tangent to a curve.” Your definition will be an important part of the article, so please wri te it out now.
Soviet science education and its challenge
Authors: Dewitt Nicholas
Published: January 2021

An address delivered at a conference sponsored by the Scientific Manpower Commission.1 Readers of The Mathematics Teacher should read this because of its timeliness and comments on present-day policies.
The trigonometric functions
Authors: Yates Robert C.
Published: January 2021

Herein is presented a definition of trigonometric functions not usually found in elementary texts. Continuing in the same unusual way, properties of these functions are derived in a manner simple enough to use in an early calculus course.
Mathematics in the Junior High School: A gratuitous extrapolation in the teaching of per cent
Authors: Mueller Francis J.
Published: January 2021

Throughout the teaching of mathematics there is a tendency to overestimate the degree of transfer of learning. In our student days we have all had our frustrating moments with the likes of “… the remainder of the proof is obvious and will be left as an exercise for the student.”
New Ideas for the Classroom: Enriching instruction via television
Authors: Berger Emil
Published: January 2021

Variety has been called the spice of life. It is also the spice that stimulates learning. Most of us would like to add variety to our lessons, but we frequently run dry of ideas. It is the intent of this new section to report a variety of new ideas that mathematics teachers far and wide have found successful. To do this we need to have material supplied by you.
New Ideas for the Classroom: In-service institutes for mathematics teachers
Authors: Jorgensen Paul
Published: January 2021

The present proposals for revision of the mathematics curriculum of the secondary schools of America call for an extensive program of in-service education for secondary school mathematics teachers. It is the responsibility of our institutions of higher learning to provide such education, and to do so without delay. What follows is a description of just such a program.
Graphic solution of a quadratic equation
Authors: Shuster Carl N.
Published: January 2021

After the co-ordinates of the minimum of x2 + bx + c = 0 have been estimated from its graph, it is possible to estimate the roots of this quadratic equation.
Could we teach limits?
Authors: Smith Lehi T.
Published: January 2021

What is the place of the limit concept in secondary-school mathematics instruction?
Experimental Programs: Notre Dame's 1960 summer program for gifted high school children
Authors: Ross Arnold E.
Published: January 2021

Every teacher is fascinated by a gifted youngster and feels particularly responsible for such a youngster. Every professional, sooner or later, faces the problem of transmitting his own dedication and mastery to another generation. Our own involvement began to transcend these natural concerns as soon as we found ourselves in the role of mentors to the secondary-school teachers in our special programs for the teachers of mathematics.
A history-of-mathematics time strip
Authors: Eves Howard
Published: January 2021

I have found the following device useful in the classroom. I took a long roll of paper (3.5 inches wide and such as is used in some adding machines) and inserted one end in the typewriter.
On Solutions of Geometrical Constructions Utilizing the Compasses Alone
Authors: Becker Jerry P.
Published: January 2021

These solutions hold great interest from the theoretical point of view.
Another Application of De Moivre's Theorem
Authors: Schaumberger Norman
Published: January 2021

A Familiar application of De Moivre's theorem is its use in the derivation of formulas for sin nθ and cos nθ.
An Experimental Approach in the Teaching of Probability
Authors: Spitznagel Edward L.
Published: January 2021

IN A number of schools it has become popular to offer elementary probability and statistics as part of a general mathematics course. At such a level it is impossible to give a thorough discussion of the normal distribution and its applications. On the other hand, one would like to illustrate this important concept as well as possible.
Have You Read …?
Authors: Peak Philip
Published: January 2021

The concept of limit has a long history of being difficult for many students. This researcher attempted to find some better ways of helping the student acquire a clearer concept of limits. The problem was one of determining whether experience with limits in high school would help when future contacts with limits were encountered. Three groups of students were formed from freshmen enrolled in mathematics at the University of Kansas. Group A had studied in high school a given number of theorems on limits. Group B had had no work in limits but had had some analytic geometry in high school, while Group C had had neither of the above experiences.
Why Not Relate the Conic Sections to the Cone?
Authors: Viertel William K.
Published: January 2021

This article is addressed to those who believe that analytic geometry still has an important place in a mathematics sequence and that the study of the conic sections is an important part of analytic geometry.
Guido Fubini
Authors: Dodge Clayton W.
Published: January 2021

It is well known that the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, also known as Fibonacci (1180-1250), was the brightest mathematical star of his age, far outshining all others of that time. Much has been written about him. On the other hand, it is quite difficult to find much written in English about another Italian mathematician, Guido Fubini, even though he was perhaps a brighter star than Fibonacci. Curiously, this lack of printed recognition was at least partly due to Fubini's genius and his own recognition of that genius. He knew just how gifted he was, and he was not afraid to say so. This frankness offended some of his colleagues, who made it difficult to obtain material about him.
Pencils of Rays and the Sieve of Eratosthenes
Authors: Buschman R. G.
Published: January 2021

A DISCUSSION of a geometric interpretation of the sieve of Eratosthenes has been given by Danilo Blanuža.1 In Figure 1 an example is given.
Who Should Place College Freshmen in Mathematics?
Authors: Kurtz Ray
Published: January 2021

The placement of college and university freshmen into the appropriate beginning course in mathematics is growing more and more difficult as each school term arrives. A decade or so ago, placement was considerably less of a problem. Each freshman arrived at college with a rather standard high school background in his chosen field of mathematics. If he were well prepared, he had something like first-year algebra, geometry, second-year algebra, trigonometry, and possibly solid geometry. If he possessed less than these courses, his plight was undesirable, but certainly not disastrous, as he could readily enroll in the makeup courses he needed.
Have You Read …?
Authors: Peak Philip
Published: January 2021

Changing the content and methnds of par ticular mathematics courses is an activity as old as time. You will be interested in this re search on the subject because it reflects the considerations in British Columbia, and because the author uses a new approach.
A Pattern: Pascal's Triangle and Prime Numbers
Authors: Duncan David R. , Litwiller Bonnie H.
Published: January 2021

Pascal's triangle (fig. 1) has been a rich source of patterns in mathematics. New patterns may be found if time is taken to search for them. All that is necessary is to ask the question, “What happens if …?” We asked ourselves the question, “What happens if Pascal's triangle is rewritten mod n? Are there any interesting patterns that may be observed?” The purpose of this article is to report our discussion.
Studying the Individual in an Individualized Course in Arithmetic at a Community College: A Report on Four Case Studies
Authors: Dahlke Richard M.
Published: January 2021

In 1969-70, the author conducted an exploratory study of an individualized course in arithmetic (Math 031) at a community college (Dahlke 1971). The study showed that there were essentially two types of students enrolled in the course: those who needed only a review of arithmetic, and those who needed more than a review. It was found that the former category of students (a clear majority of those enrolled) benefited greatly from the course, whereas the latter students benefited little from it.
Some Additional Results Involving Congruence of Triangles
Authors: Kuenzi Norbert J. , Oman John A. , Prielipp Robert W.
Published: January 2021

Anyone who is familiar with high school geometry knows some results involving congruence of triangles. The purpose of this article is to present six additional theorems of this nature. Perhaps a part of the information that follows will even be new to some readers.
The Number of 2-Element Subsets of a 100-Element Set: Seventh-Grade Solutions
Authors: Woodward Ernest
Published: January 2021

In the new programs section of the October 1973 edition of the Mathematics Teacher is an article describing the Comprehensive School Mathematics Program (CSMP). The secondary school portion of the program is written for bright, verbal, well-motivated junior and senior high school students. Last year I observed a seventh-grade class at Burt Junior High School in Clarksville, Tennessee, where these materials (Elements of Mathematics, Book O)were being used. On that particular day the class was studying subsets. The assignment from the previous day included a problem where the students were to find the number of 2-element subsets that a 100-element set has.
The Christmas-Present Principle
Authors: Wirth James F.
Published: January 2021

Suggestions for teaching the average or slower pupil to solve equations.
The Nine-Point Circle on a Geoboard
Authors: Jones Robert L.
Published: January 2021

The nine-point circle theorem is beatifully illustrated on the isometric grid geoboard.
Graphcodes
Authors: Gabai Hyman
Published: January 2021

With or without computers, alphabet graphics can be fun.
About Tests
Authors: Reavis William A.
Published: January 2021

An experienced high school teacher reflects on the difficult process of test construction, administration, grading, and reviewing.
A Discussion of Auxiliary Variables in Graphing
Authors: Stover Donald W.
Published: January 2021

A useful transformation technique for graphing
The Widening Circle of Mathematics Competitions
Authors: Conrad Steven R.
Published: January 2021

Mathematics competitions promote interest and creativity in mathematics.
An Aid to the Superstitious
Authors: Ritter G. L. , Lowry S. R. , Woodruff H. B. , Isenhour T. L.
Published: January 2021

A simple guide to avoiding Friday the 13th.
The Sixth U.S.A. Mathematical Olympiad
Authors: Greitzer Samuel L.
Published: January 2021

The Sixth U.S.A. Mathematical Olympiad took place on 3 May 1977. The preliminary examination, the Annual High School Mathematics Examination, was taken on 8 March by approximately 341 000 students. Those who scored 105 or better out of the maximum possible score of 150 were invited to participate in the Olympiad. There were 111 of these. Because four of the acceptances were not complete, 107 students finally took the Olympiad.
Sharing Teaching Ideas
Authors: Lampe Beverly D.
Published: January 2021

Every year near Easter, a strange mathematical event takes place. Students in an accelerated geometry class can he seen wandering around the room in a variety of odd ways. Some are on their tiptoes, walking across the floor and mumbling to themselves. Others are walking around with their necks craned in the air or are running their hands up the walls.
Squaring the Circle—for Fun and Profit
Authors: Hallerberg Arthur E.
Published: January 2021

Historical approaches to π from a modern viewpoint.
Sharing Teaching Ideas
Authors: Christoff Kurt A.
Published: January 2021

Sharing Teaching Ideas offers practical tips on the teaching of topics related to the secondary school curriculum. We hope to include classroom-tested approaches that offer new slants on familiar subjects for the beginning and the experienced teacher. Please send an original and four copies of your idea? to the managing editor for review.
Calculator Lessons Involving Population, Inflation, and Energy
Authors: Woodward Ernest , Hamel Thomas
Published: January 2021

One of the joys of studying mathematics comes from the surprising results that are often obtained. An example of such a situation is the Rule of 72. This rule states that if money is invested at r percent compounded annually, the amount will double in approximately 72/r years.
Student Teams in Mathematics Class
Authors: Artzt Alice
Published: January 2021

As a secondary school mathematics teacher, I am expected to conduct a class of more than thirty students so that each student can learn as much as possible.
Applications Revisited
Authors: Perham Arnold E. , Perham Bernadette H.
Published: January 2021

A report of a one-semester course in applications drawn from the management sciences.
Teachers and Sex Bias in Mathematics
Authors: Fennema Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

A look at some ways that teachers can improve the mathematics education of girls, as well as that of boys.
Applications: A Chilling Experience
Authors: Knill George , Fawcett George
Published: January 2021

Wind chill is an estimate of how cold the wind makes a person feel in cold weather. The faster the wind blows, the faster the body loses heat. Therefore, the feeling of cold increases as the speed of the wind increases (table 1).
Summing The Powers Of The Positive Integers: Opportunities For Discovery
Authors: Palzere Donald E.
Published: January 2021

Many mathematics teachers must have said to themselves at one time or another that they would like to present a lesson that would give their students a good taste of discovery in the manner experienced by a mathematician who is hot on the trail of the solution of a problem. But where do we find this type of problem? Sometimes we discover such a problem as we are teaching a topic. One such example follows.
The t In l = Prt
Authors: Johnson Alonzo F.
Published: January 2021

A few years ago I was looking for applications in which the calculator would be a useful aid. I decided to take my house payment book to class with me and let the students check the bank’s arithmetic. Three lines of my book are included in table 1.
Activities: Microcomputer Unit: Graphing Straight Lines
Authors: Hastings Ellen H.
Published: January 2021

This section is designed to provide mathematical activities suitable for reproduction in worksheet and transparency form for classroom use. This material may be photoreproduced by classroom teachers for use in their own classes without requesting permission from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Laboratory experiences, discovery activities, and model constructions drawn from the topics of seventh, eighth, and ninth grades are most welcome for review.
The Probability of Winning in McDonald's Star Raiders™ Contest
Authors: Ridenhour Jim R. , Woodward Ernest
Published: January 2021

During a recent promotion, McDonald's Restaurants sponsored a contest known as “Star Raiders.” The rules were quite simple, and possible prizes ranged from a free hamburger to a free home computer. After becoming familiar with the game, we decided to analyze the probability of winning.
SoundOFF: Present Mathematics Course Sequence
Authors: Saxon John H.
Published: January 2021

The flight from mathematics and science by American secondary school students is a flight from intimidation. These changelings are no longer babies but are not yet mature, and they are striving to develop a positive self-image. Unsure of their abilities, they are psychologically vulnerable. They realize they must someday learn to fend for themselves, but now they feel an overriding need to protect themselves from self-doubt and preventable damage to the ego.
Techniques for Managing a Computer Classroom
Authors: Sedran Mary Ann
Published: January 2021

After four years of teaching programming and continually changing both the syllabus and the method of teaching, I have discovered a few techniques for managing the classroom and teaching programming that have worked especially well for my classes.