bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Selected Questionnaires in the Assessment of Fatigue, Depression and Health Quality in Post-Sarcoidosis Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Górski Witold , Mokros Łukasz , Kumor-Kisielewska Anna , Pietras Tadeusz , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The nature of post-sarcoidosis fatigue syndrome (PSFS) is unknown and tools for the assessment of health quality (HQ) in these patients have not been fully assessed. The aim was to validate the Polish version of sarcoidosis health questionnaire (SHQ) and verify the association of HQ with fatigue and depressive symptoms among Polish patients with PSFS. Material and methods: 71 patients with sarcoidosis (34 women, the mean age 47) were divided to: PSFS (n = 21), active sarcoidosis (S-A, n = 27) and sarcoidosis with complete remission (S-R, n = 23) groups. Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) was used to define significant fatigue (≥22 points). Polish version of SHQ was prepared by the authors and validated. Beck Depression Index (BDI) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate self-reported depressive symptoms. Results: Polish version of SHQ was proved reliable and valid. HQ was worse and depressive symptoms were more frequent in PSFS and S-A when compared with S-R group. SHQ total score correlated negatively with depressive symptoms (r = −0.787 for BDI and r = −0.755 for PHQ-9, p < 0.01). A negative correlation between SHQ and FAS score was found (r = –0.784, p < 0.01). FAS score correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.726 for BDI and r = 0.755 for PHQ-9, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Polish version of SHQ is a valuable tool for the assessment of HQ in sarcoidosis. HQ is impaired in PSFS comparing to patients with complete remission, but is comparable to active sarcoidosis. Depressive symptoms impact HQ and may influence perception of fatigue. Both fatigue and depression have a negative impact on HQ in sarcoidosis.
Actively Caseating Endobronchial Tuberculosis Successfully Treated with Intermittent Chemotherapy without Corticosteroid: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Panigrahi Manoj , Pradhan Gourahari , Mishra Pritinanda , Mohapatra Prasanta
Published: December 2017

Tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree confirmed by microbiological or histopathological evidence with or without parenchymal involvement is known as endobronchial tuberculosis. Chronic cough is the predominant symptom. Expectorated sputum examination for acid fast bacilli is often negative leading to delay in diagnosis. Therefore, bronchoscopy is crucial for early diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of disease. Bronchostenosis is a significant complication of endobronchial tuberculosis that may be present at the time of diagnosis or develops during the course of treatment. Previously, corticosteroids have been used along with antitubercular therapy to prevent or reduce the extent of bronchostenosis; however, their role is debatable as bronchostenosis often develops despite the use of corticosteroids. Furthermore, the duration of treatment varied from 6–9 months of daily therapy in previous series and little is known about efficacy of intermittent antituberculous therapy. Here we report two cases of actively caseating endobronchial tuberculosis successfully managed with six months of intermittent oral antitubercular therapy without corticosteroids.
Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage Complicated by Pulmonary Embolism—Problems with Treatment
Authors: Fijołek Justyna , Wiatr Elzbieta , Jakubowska Lilia , Polubiec-Kownacka Malgorzata , Kuca Pawel , Roszkowski-Sliz Kazimierz
Published: December 2017

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) refers to a clinical syndrome resulting from injury of the alveolar capillaries, arterioles and venules leading to red blood cel accumulation in the distal air spaces. The conditions associated with DAH and underlying disease determine the prognosis and the treatment regimen. The coexistence of DAH with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a seroius problem for clinicians and poses a challenge in the therapeutic management. We describe a young patient who developed massive DAH in the course of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease (formerly called Goodpasture’s syndrome) complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE).
Dyspnoea, Cyanosis and Digital Clubbing in a 28-Year-Old Patient as a Result of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Authors: Zieliński Michał , Hartleb Marek , Sitek Piotr , Ziora Dariusz
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a case of a young patient with cyanosis and digital clubbing, until then an active, sporty person. He sought medical assistance due to the growing dyspnoea and the drop of effort tolerance. Initially the diagnostic process focused on the confirmation of the suspicion of pulmonary fibrosis or another interstitial lung disease as causes of the respiratory failure. Due to the atypical presentation of the symptoms, reaching the final diagnosis of digestive system disease with lung involvement required a more thorough multifaceted diagnostics of a number of systems and organs.
Kyphoscoliosis—What Can We Do for Respiration besides NIV?
Authors: Pajdziński Mateusz , Młynarczyk Paulina , Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Białas Adam , Afza Moin , Piotrowski Wojciech , Górski Paweł
Published: December 2017

Kyphoscoliosis is a significant clinical problem with no precise Guideliness for management, especially concerning respiratory pathology. No exhaustive systematic review has yet been performed. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of available data concerning the pathophysiology and treatment of kyphoscoliosis. An electronic systematic search compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guideliness was conducted. The Pubmed database was examined and the search was updated to November 10, 2016. In total, 188 articles were screened, and 52 full text articles were then assessed for eligibility. As 24 of them met exclusion criteria, only 28 articles were further analysed. These articles were published in 18 journals from 1959 to 2015, with 25 being original studies, and one randomised control trial. The total corpus included 18 prospective studies, 7 retrospective studies and 3 Case Reports. KS is a significant complex, multidisciplinary clinical problem. The heterogeneous nature of the majority of published studies prevents unequivocal conclusions being drawn. Despite a great progress in knowledge about the respiratory system functioning and pathology in KS, the treatment seems to be not yet quite yet satisfactory. Therefore, there is a strong need for large prospective studies and unified clinical Guideliness in on the management of this group of patients.
A besta de sete cabeças e seus antecedentes em textos da cultura antiga
Authors: Dorneles Vanderlei
Published: January 2018

O artigo analisa a metáfora da besta de sete cabeças e sua intertextualidade no Apocalipse de João e textos antigos egípcios e mesopotâmicos bem como com o Antigo Testamento. Emprega os conceitos de texto da cultura, intertextualidade e semiosfera, tendo como referencial a Semiótica da Cultura. Parte da pressuposição de que elementos linguísticos e conceituais, plantados na memória das culturas, permitem o entrecruzamento dos textos de diferentes épocas e lugares. A metáfora da besta é analisada em suas conexões sígnicas com textos antigos nos quais também se verifica a construção de monstros de sete cabeças, como a Paleta de Narmer de 3100 a.C. e o Cilindro de Tell Asmar de 2200 a.C., entre outros. Essas conexões indicam que o texto apocalíptico bíblico não está isolado das culturas de seu tempo.
Interpretação histórico-social das duas narrativas de dilúvio da Bíblia Hebraica
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem por tema as duas narrativas de dilúvio da Bíblia Hebraica, que, a despeito de terem sido costuradas em uma composição redacional, podem, de modo relativamente fácil, ser separadas e recuperadas. O objetivo do artigo é, portanto, recuperar as duas narrativas de dilúvio da Bíblia Hebraica, demonstrar sua integralidade e propor interpretação histórico-social para cada uma delas. O texto de Gn 6,5-9,17 foi traduzido, as glosas redacionais foram identificadas, cada narrativa foi reconstituída e considerada íntegra e pronta para o procedimento hermenêutico. Conclui-se que, escrita no final do século VI, a primeira narrativa, aqui chamada de “narrativa monárquica eloísta do dilúvio” tenha tido por função a refundação do governo da golah, quando de seu retorno da Babilônia, enquanto que, escrita em meados do século V, a segunda narrativa, aqui chamada de “narrativa sacerdotal javista do dilúvio” tenha servido para a introdução do sacrifício substitutivo na Jerusalém então governada pelo corpo sacerdotal.
Tecnologia e formação docente para Educação Profissional e Tecnológica: desafios dos Mestrados Profissionais em Educação
Authors: Freire Emerson , Batista Sueli Soares dos Santos
Published: January 2018

A falta de políticas públicas coerentes e continuadas com enfoque na formação docente para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) tem resultado numa multiplicidade de experiências educacionais, o que exige um estudo sistemático para compreender quem é o docente das escolas técnicas e tecnológicas. Sem a formação e a valorização de docentes da EPT como é possível alcançar alguma sustentabilidade pedagógica para os cursos, instituições e programas educacionais voltados para a profissionalização em todos os níveis de ensino: da qualificação, passando pelo ensino médio e à graduação tecnológica e chegando aos programas de pós-graduação, agora amplificados com as propostas de mestrados e doutorados profissionais? Partindo desse questionamento, o objetivo deste artigo, ao considerar estudos bibliográficos e documentais,  é apresentar e discutir as possíveis contribuições dos mestrados profissionais em educação para a formação dos docentes que atuam ou irão atuar nessa modalidade de ensino.  Se a especificidade da EPT é a técnica e a tecnologia enquanto motores balizadores dessa formação, os mestrados profissionais encarregados da formação de docentes nessa área não podem desconsiderar como um de seus fundamentos teóricos e práticos o estudo da tecnologia e suas implicações socioculturais.
Acordes D`Além-Mar - Memórias das Bandas Filarmônicas Portuguesas nas Américas no Século XX
Authors: Oliveira Antonio Henrique Seixas de , Pinto Diana de Souza
Published: December 2017

As bandas filarmônicas são das manifestações culturais mais significativas na vida social portuguesa, sobretudo, nas regiões centro e norte do país (Granjo, 2005). Observa-se que, no contexto do associativismo migrante, o elo de memória com a tradição e os costumes portugueses é estabelecido nas celebrações e instituições criadas pelos migrantes que constituem lugares de memória (Nora, 1993) nos quais as representações simbólicas e ritualizações portuguesas são materializadas, dentre elas, as bandas filarmônicas, objeto deste estudo de doutoramento com foco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.  Investigamos a atividade filarmônica de migrantes portugueses inicialmente naquela cidade e, em numa perspectiva sincrônica, o fizemos em escala planetária nos séculos XX e XXI. Desenvolvemos extensa revisão de literatura sobre migração portuguesa, pesquisa em periódicos locais e na Internet e contatamos músicos e dirigentes associativos no Rio de Janeiro, Estados Unidos, Canadá e Venezuela. Neste artigo, discutimos a distribuição das bandas filarmônicas portuguesas em atividade na diáspora da migração portuguesa nas Américas articulando-a aos fluxos migratórios que lhes deram origem. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, por exemplo, existem atualmente duas bandas filarmônicas portuguesasem atividade – a Banda Portugal e a Banda Irmãos Pepino, fundadas, respectivamente, em 1921 e 1958. Todavia, a pesquisa realizada nos periódicos locais revelou que diversos grupos congêneres foram criados e encerraram suas atividades nesta cidade como a Banda do Centro Musical da Colônia Portuguesa (1920-1930), a Banda Lusitana (1923-1998) e a Banda União Portuguesa (1924-1929). Palavras-chave: Bandas Filarmônicas. Portugal. Migração. Américas. Memória.
Xô, fado! Nacionalismo e antilusitanismo na terra do samba
Authors: Paranhos Adalberto
Published: December 2017

Nacionalismos de todas as colorações políticas pululavam mundo afora durante a década de 30 do século passado. Aqui, do lado de baixo do Equador, não foi diferente. No Brasil, em particular, tanto à direita como à esquerda do espectro ideológico nacional, manifestações de matriz nacionalista se fizeram sentir nos mais distintos campos, inclusive na área artística. Foi a época em que se assistiu à invenção do samba como ícone musical da nação. Em meio a esse processo, certos compositores populares moveram um combate aos estrangeirismos em geral. O fado, terceiro gênero musical “estrangeiro” mais gravado no país, ficou, então, sob a alça de mira de determinados críticos. Um inflamado antilusitanismo chegou a se expressar em estreita ligação com um sentimento antifadista. Este artigo se propõe, a partir daí, a mapear tais manifestações, tendo por foco, sobretudo, a produção do jornalista, poeta e compositor Orestes Barbosa, um dos parceiros de Noel Rosa. Ao mesmo tempo, busca inserir as lutas de representações travadas em nome do samba em redes de interlocução informais que desde o século XIX exprimiam sua hostilidade seja em relação a Portugal ou ao fado. Neste último caso, importa observar que ele enfrentou também sérias rejeições em terras portuguesas até impor-se como “fiel intérprete da alma lusitana”.  Palavras-chave: Fado. Samba. Música Popular - Brasil. Música Popular - Portugal. Lutas de Representações.
Afinidades eletivas. A Funarte e o samba carioca como patrimônio da cultura nacional
Authors: Garcia Tania Costa
Published: December 2017

Este artigo inventaria e analisa a vasta rede de sociabilidade composta por jornalistas, músicos e produtores culturais envolvidos com a música popular que, no decorrer da segunda metade do século XX, ocupando lugares de poder na imprensa escrita, em emissoras de rádios, no mercado fonográfico e em instituições públicas, alcançaram, nos anos 1970 e 1980, negociando com a política cultural do regime militar,  monumentalizar artistas e repertórios do universo musical do Rio de Janeiro como patrimônio da cultura nacional. O foco situa-se, especificamente, em dois projetos desenvolvidos pela Divisão de Música Popular da Fundação Nacional de Arte:  Lúcio Rangel, concurso de monografias, e Almirante, edição de discos. Palavras-chave: Funarte. Rede de Sociabilidade. Música Popular. Samba. Patrimônio Cultural.
Nas asas da Varig e da Panair: o Conjunto Farroupilha e o espalhamento da música popular brasileira e gaúcha nos anos 50 e 60 do século XX
Authors: Prass Luciana
Published: December 2017

Este artigo traz dados do intenso processo de circulação do Conjunto Farroupilha (1948-1993), surgido a partir de uma ideia da soprano Inah Vital (Porto Alegre, RS, 1933-1990), solista da orquestra da Rádio Farroupilha, de Porto Alegre, que reuniu em torno de si, Tasso José Bangel (Taquara, RS, 1931-), Danilo Vidal de Castro (Porto Alegre, RS, 1927-), Estrela d’Alva Lopes de Castro (Livramento, RS, 1934-2015) e Alfeu de Azevedo – depois substituído por Sidney Morais (Sidney do Espírito Santo, Sorocaba, SP, 1925-) –, formando aquele que seria o primeiro conjunto vocal brasileiro a misturar vozes masculinas e femininas. Através de análise etnomusicológica, articulada com aspectos de historicidade e memória acessados a partir da etnografia desenvolvida junto ao Maestro Tasso Bangel, arranjador e líder do grupo, tratamos nessa escrita, especialmente, da primeira fase do Conjunto Farroupilha: de sua constituição, em 1948, em Porto Alegre, como cast da Rádio Farroupilha, até 1960, quando já viviam em São Paulo, tinham gravado seis LPs, conduziam um programa de TV e haviam percorrido o mundo nas asas da Varig e da Panair. Na reconstituição da memória de Tasso Bangel sobre a ampla circulação nacional e internacional do Conjunto Farroupilha, pela via da música, desvela-se a perspectiva de um grupo regional, “gaúcho”, sobre o período áureo do “nascimento” e da consolidação da Bossa Nova, quando a música brasileira atingiu um novo patamar de reconhecimento dentro e fora do país. Palavras-chave: Conjunto Farroupilha. Bangel, Tasso. Música Popular – Rio Grande do Sul. Música Popular - Brasil. Bossa Nova.
“Ayudar a aquellos artistas que transformaron la canción en un arma de lucha”: o papel das Juventudes Comunistas na difusão da Nova Canção Chilena (1968-1973)
Authors: Schmiedecke Natália Ayo
Published: December 2017

Em uma época marcada pela expectativa revolucionária, muitos jovens partidários do socialismo elegeram a arte como trincheira privilegiada na luta por uma nova sociedade. No campo musical, os anos 1960 viram emergir na América Latina a figura do músico popular engajado, que passou a utilizar seu ofício para se posicionar frente às questões políticas, sociais e econômicas de seu tempo. No Chile, a canção engajada encontrou respaldo no Partido Comunista, que foi o principal responsável pela produção e circulação do repertório ligado à Nova Canção Chilena até os anos 1980. Enfocando o período anterior ao golpe militar de 1973, o presente artigo aborda as políticas culturais partidárias voltadas ao movimento, de modo a explicitar seu papel na construção de redes em nível nacional e internacional. Considerada um exemplo de compromisso revolucionário, a Nova Canção ocupou um lugar central no catálogo da gravadora DICAP, na programação da ONAE e nas páginas da revista Ramona – veículos administrados pelas Juventudes Comunistas do Chile. Com isso, o Partido participou do próprio processo de definição da canção engajada chilena e ficou diretamente associado com este repertório. Compreender como se deu esta relação, ao invés de naturalizá-la, constituiu o objetivo primordial do estudo realizado. Palavras-chave: Nova Canção Chilena. Partido Comunista do Chile. DICAP. Ramona.
Narrativas nacionais e competência histórica na formação inicial de professores primários espanhóis
Authors: Sáiz Serrano Jorge , Carrasco Cosme Jesús Gómez , López Facal Ramón
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as competências de pensamento histórico e a presença de características de narrativa nacional entre 283 estudantes espanhóis do Grau de Licenciatura em Ensino Primário de Murcia e de Valência. Examinaram-se os seus relatos históricos sobre a expansão cristã na Península Ibérica em território muçulmano durante a Idade Média. Utilizaram-se métodos qualitativos para identificar os níveis de complexidade da exposição a partir de conhecimentos substantivos e conceitos metodológicos, e uma avaliação quantitativa para relacionar esses níveis de complexidade com os níveis cognitivos e narrativos, através da taxonomia SOLO. Também se avaliou em que medida se representam elementos discursivos próprios de uma narrativa nacional. Os resultados confirmam uma educação histórica deficiente dos futuros professores primários, tanto em conceitos históricos de segunda ordem quanto na reprodução de uma narrativa nacional já caduca pela historiografia. Também se confirmou que a presença e complexidade do pensamento histórico nas narrativas é maior quanto maior é o nível e pertinência dos conteúdos históricos substantivos. Palavras-chave: Pensamento Histórico. Narrativa Nacional. Formação Inicial do Professor. Educação Histórica.
El patrimonio cultural en los recuerdos del alumnado al finalizar el Bachillerato en España: educación e identidad patrimonial
Authors: Álvarez Domínguez Pablo , Martínez-Valcárcel Nicolás , García-Marín Ramón
Published: December 2017

La educación patrimonial está ganando reconocimiento, constituyéndose como una tarea urgente para instruir y sensibilizar en torno a los valores que encierra el patrimonio. Objeto de la educación formal, no formal e informal, implica a múltiples especialidades de las ciencias sociales (CCSS). Conocer los conocimientos que sobre el patrimonio cultural ostenta el alumnado que concluye sus estudios de Bachillerato resulta interesante porque numerosos adolescentes, al finalizar esta etapa, serán sujetos activos que cargarán actividades patrimoniales. Una educación patrimonial efectiva, a través de diversos agentes socializadores (profesorado, familiares, amistades, medios de comunicación), podrá contribuir a generar una identidad cultural que favorecerá el desarrollo de actividades responsables y sostenibles sobre el patrimonio, facilitando así un legado valioso a las generaciones venideras. Este artículo recoge las aportaciones de 3 proyectos de investigación desarrollados entre 1980 y 2016. Las muestras de las 3 bases de datos acopiadas tuvieron como marco territorial preferente la Región de Murcia. Los individuos se seleccionaron de acuerdo con la representación territorial y los resultados académicos. Los instrumentos diseñados para obtener información fueron un cuestionario y una entrevista grabada semi-estructurada. Para el período entre 1980 y 2003 (primer proyecto), la utilización del patrimonio como recurso educativo fue escasa y se hallan diferencias apreciables tras el cambio de la Ley General de Educación (LGE) por la Ley Orgánica de Ordenación General del Sistema Educativo (LOGSE). Para el período entre 2009 y 2011 (segundo proyecto), las salidas/visitas al patrimonio se duplican. El análisis de los datos recogidos con el tercer proyecto (2013-2016) muestra que es el patrimonio cultural (tangible e inmueble, sobre todo), más que el natural, el que está presente en la memoria del alumnado. Palabras clave: Patrimonio Cultural. Educación Patrimonial. Identidad Patrimonial. Recuerdos Escolares.
O tempo que alcancei. Narrativas sobre o passado na comunidade Cafundá Astrogilda do Quilombo de Vargem Grande (RJ)
Authors: Rodríguez Cáceres Luz Stella
Published: December 2017

Ao refletirem sobre o seu passado, as famílias que organizaram o Quilombo de Vargem Grande, no Rio de Janeiro, narram os acontecimentos com significado que tem marcado a história do grupo, estabelecendo uma temporalização que versa sobre os fatos considerados socialmente relevantes e estabelecendo marcos da memória coletiva que respondem aos interesses e preocupações dos atuais grupos familiares que moram no maciço da Pedra Branca. Nesta reflexão, o tempo apresenta sua natureza social, a partir da constatação de que o ritmo da vida coletiva informa as temporalidades que operam na sociedade. No caso apresentado, as mudanças não são marcadas por datas, mas por “tempos” que ao serem designados articulam espaços e modos de habitar, dentre outros elementos. Esse modo de refletir sobre os tempos que marcam sua história parte de situações concretamente vividas pelos moradores e seus ancestrais da área de estudo, mas também responde às condições sociais de produção das memórias. Palavras-chave: Tempo. Temporalidade. Memória. Quilombos – Rio de Janeiro.
100 anos da revolução russa: ensinamentos da atuação dos anarquistas
Authors: De Moraes Isaías Albertin , Vieira Fernando Antonio da Costa
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo procura apresentar, nos 100 anos de comemoração da Revolução Russa, uma análise histórica da participação anarquista nos processos pré-revolução e durante os anos de Comunismo de Guerra. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa busca descrever o principal movimento anarquista durante a Revolução Russa, ou seja, a atuação de Nestor Ivánovitch Makhno e seu Exército Negro na Ucrânia. Palavras-chave: Anarquismo. Revolução Russa 1917. Movimento Makhnovista. Movimentos Sociais.
“Libres o muertos, jamás esclavos”. Marxismo, peronismo y lucha armada: las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias en la Argentina de los primeros 1970
Authors: González Canosa Mora
Published: December 2017

Desde 1955 hasta la última dictadura militar, Argentina atravesó un período de creciente conflictividad social y política. Las organizaciones armadas fueron actores destacados en ese proceso. Entre ellas, las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias (FAR) condensan dos problemáticas claves del período: la identificación con el peronismo de vastos sectores de izquierda y la reivindicación de la violencia como forma de intervención política.Desde 1955 hasta la última dictadura militar, Argentina atravesó un período de creciente conflictividad social y política. Las organizaciones armadas fueron actores destacados en este proceso. Entre ellas, las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias (FAR) condensan dos problemáticas clave del período: la identificación con el peronismo de vastos sectores de izquierda y la reivindicación de la violencia como forma de intervención política.  Este artículo reconstruye los orígenes y la historia de las FAR entre 1960 y 1973, considerando 2 ejes analíticos: 1) el proceso de identificación de las FAR con el peronismo desde una perspectiva marxista y un proyecto socialista; y 2) su dinámica de funcionamiento como organización político-militar. En relación con ellos, se fundamentan 3 hipótesis. 1) Que los fundadores de las FAR atravesaron un proceso de doble ruptura (política e ideológica) respecto de sus partidos políticos de origen. 2) Que, sin embargo, las nuevas posturas conservaron ciertas huellas de origen que le imprimieron a las FAR su perfil distintivo. Y 3) que hacia 1972 tal perfil experimentó sustantivas variaciones que explican su acercamiento a Montoneros. Este artículo está basado en una estrategia metodológica cualitativa y se sustenta en fuentes documentales escritas y en entrevistas a ex-miembros de la organización. Palabras clave: Nueva izquierda. Peronismo. Marxismo. Violencia Política. Lucha Armada.
Cataluña y la renovada actualidad de la cuestión nacional
Authors: Cubeiros-Gallardo Francisco José
Published: December 2017

Debate
Assessing population changes of historically overexploited black corals (Order: Antipatharia) in Cozumel, Mexico
Authors: Gress Erika , Andradi-Brown Dominic A
Published: December 2017

Black corals (Antipatharians) play a crucial structural and ecological role on many mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; reefs 30-150 m depth). In Mexico, black corals are harvested for the jewellery industry, which has historically led to populations depletion. Harvesting began in the early 1960s, and was concentrated around Cozumel Island until 1995. Here we compare populations between 1998 and 2016 for the two black coral species targeted by the jewellery industry. We found that densities of Plumapathes pennacea in 2016 are substantially lower than in 1998. However, the 2016 P. pennacea population has shifted to be dominated by larger colonies, suggesting disproportionate juvenile mortality or recruitment failure. No change in population density or colony size of Antipathes caribbeana was detected between 1998 and 2016. We advocate for the adequate protection of black corals in Mexico, and for the government to ensure sustainability of the harvesting before issuing future permits.
Disruption of Wnt production in Shh lineage causes bone malformation in mice, mimicking human Malik–Percin‐type syndactyly
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Jing , Fang Yukun , Xiong Yanan , Wang Min , Yang Xueqin , Li Yan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Dai Zhong‐Min , Qiu Mengsheng , Zhang Ze , Zhang Zunyi
Published: January 2018

Here, we show that Shh‐Cre‐mediated deletion of Wntless, the Wnt cargo protein, in mouse posterior limb mesenchyme causes bone syndactyly of the 3rd and 4th digits, resembling the human Malik–Percin type. The Shh descendants gradiently distributed from digit 5 to posterior half of digit 3 in wild‐type limbs, however, they abnormally increased in posterior digit 3 in WntlessShh‐Cre. WntlessShh‐Cre limbs displayed altered expression of hedgehog pathway genes and impaired noncanonical Wnt signaling activity. We further showed that the anterior limb mesenchymal cells in the WlsShh‐Cre served as a source of Wnt5a to reorientate the adjacent Wls‐lacking Shh lineage cells to move anteriorly and subsequently led to syndactyly, suggesting that aberrant mesenchymal cell movement/condensation may underlie the pathogenesis of syndactyly.
Interaction between ROR1 and MuSK activation complex in myogenic cells
Authors: Karvonen Hanna , Summala Katja , Niininen Wilhelmiina , Barker Harlan R. , Ungureanu Daniela
Published: January 2018

The ROR family of receptor tyrosine kinases, ROR1 and ROR2, is known to play an important role during skeletal muscle regeneration. ROR1 has a critical role in regulating satellite cell (SC) proliferation during muscle regeneration, and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β can induce expression of ROR1 in myogenic cells via NF‐κB activation. While searching for ROR1‐interacting proteins in myogenic cells, we identified MuSK as a ROR1‐binding protein. MuSK interacts with and phosphorylates ROR1 at the cytoplasmic proline‐rich domain. ROR1 also interacts with the MuSK activator Dok‐7 independently of MuSK interaction. Collectively, our results identified ROR1 as a new interacting partner for MuSK and Dok‐7, which may have an important role in myogenic cell signaling.
Geodetic Evidence for a Blind Fault Segment at the Southern End of the San Jacinto Fault Zone
Authors: Tymofyeyeva Ekaterina , Fialko Yuri
Published: January 2018

The San Jacinto Fault (SJF) splits into several active branches southeast of Anza, including the Clark fault and the Coyote Creek fault. The Clark fault, originally believed to terminate at the southern tip of the Santa Rosa Mountains, was suggested to extend further to the southeast to a junction with the Superstition Hills fault based on space geodetic observations and geologic mapping. We present new interferometric synthetic aperture radar and GPS data that confirm high deformation rates along the southeastern extent of the Clark fault. We derive maps of horizontal and vertical average velocities by combining data from the ascending and descending satellite orbits with an additional constraint provided by the azimuth of the horizontal component of secular velocities from GPS data. The resulting high‐resolution surface velocities are differentiated to obtain a map of maximum shear strain rate. Joint inversions of InSAR and GPS data suggest that the hypothesized blind segment of the Clark fault and the Coyote Creek fault have slip rates of 13 ± 3 mm/yr and 5 ± 4 mm/yr, respectively. The blind southern segment of the Clark fault thus appears to be the main active strand of the SJF, posing a currently unrecognized seismic hazard.
Surface‐Coating‐Mediated Electrochemical Performance in CuO Nanowires during the Sodiation–Desodiation Cycling
Authors: Liu Huihui , Zheng He , Li Lei , Jia Shuangfeng , Meng Shuang , Cao Fan , Lv Yinghao , Zhao Dongshan , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2018

The rate performance and cycling numbers of CuO‐based sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from large volume change and the poor conductivity during the ion transportation process. Herein, it is found that the surface coating with C and Au could effectively constrain the nanowire (NW) elongation rate along the 〈110〉 growth direction as well as increase the electrochemical reaction speed, which result in the improved cycling performance. Additionally, the in situ transmission electron microscopy observation of sodiation–desodiation cycling in coated CuO NWs indicates the detailed electrochemical reaction pathways, whereas the CuO shows the irreversible reaction scheme: transform to Cu during the sodiation while CuO and Cu2O coexist after desodiation. The irreversibility contributes to the capacity loss in CuO‐based SIBs. In contrast, the fully reversible Na+ insertion and extraction in Au suggest that Au could be an effective material for Na+ storage. Based on the real‐time experimental observations, these results reveal the vital role of surface coating in affecting the electrochemical performance of CuO, which may also provide insight into the behavior of other transition oxide electrode materials.
3D‐Integrated and Multifunctional All‐Soft Physical Microsystems Based on Liquid Metal for Electronic Skin Applications
Authors: Kim Min‐gu , Alrowais Hommood , Brand Oliver
Published: January 2018

This paper presents 3D‐integrated and multifunctional all‐soft physical microsystems, which are composed of a soft sensor, a soft interconnector, and a soft readout circuit. The microsystems utilize gallium‐based liquid metal (eutectic gallium‐indium alloy, EGaIn) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and are fabricated using an advanced EGaIn thin‐line patterning technique based on soft lithography. Combining the scalable fabrication process and a vertical integration approach using EGaIn‐filled soft vias, two types of all‐soft physical microsystems are investigated using analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches and demonstrated to highlight high‐density integration, multifunctional sensing capability, as well as system‐level flexibility and stretchability: (i) a finger‐mountable strain sensing microsystem with reduced temperature sensitivity and (ii) a fingertip microsystem for simultaneous proximity, touch, and pressure sensing. The demonstrated fabrication and integration approaches provide a path towards all‐soft and highly integrated wearable physical microsystems for human‐machine interfaces, soft robotics, and healthcare applications.
Highly Defective Layered Double Perovskite Oxide for Efficient Energy Storage via Reversible Pseudocapacitive Oxygen‐Anion Intercalation
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Zhenbin , Veder Jean‐Pierre Marcel , Xu Zhenye , Zhong Yijun , Zhou Wei , Tade Moses O. , Wang Shaobin , Shao Zongping
Published: January 2018

The use of perovskite materials as anion‐based intercalation pseudocapacitor electrodes has received significant attention in recent years. Notably, these materials, characterized by high oxygen vacancy concentrations, do not require high surface areas to achieve a high energy storage capacity as a result of the bulk intercalation mechanism. This study reports that reduced PrBaMn2O6–δ (r‐PBM), possessing a layered double perovskite structure, exhibits ultrahigh capacitance and functions as an excellent oxygen anion‐intercalation‐type electrode material for supercapacitors. Formation of the layered double perovskite structure, as facilitated by hydrogen treatment, is shown to significantly enhance the capacitance, with the resulting r‐PBM material demonstrating a very high gravimetric capacitance of 1034.8 F g−1 and an excellent volumetric capacitance of ≈2535.3 F cm−3 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The resultant formation of a double perovskite crystal oxide with a specific layered structure leads to the r‐PBM with a substantially higher oxygen diffusion rate and oxygen vacancy concentration. These superior characteristics show immense promise for their application as oxygen anion‐intercalation‐type electrodes in pseudocapacitors.
Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Water Splitting on a 2D Heterostructure of Black Phosphorus/Bismuth Vanadate Using Visible Light
Authors: Zhu Mingshan , Sun Zhichao , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro
Published: January 2018

Spontaneously solar‐driven water splitting to produce H2 and O2, that is, the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is a dream of mankind. However, it is difficult to make overall water splitting feasible without using any sacrificial agents and external bias. Drawing inspiration from nature, a new artificial Z‐scheme photocatalytic system has been designed herein based on the two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructure of black phosphorus (BP)/bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). An effective charge separation makes possible the reduction and oxidation of water on BP and BiVO4, respectively. The optimum H2 and O2 production rates on BP/BiVO4 were approximately 160 and 102 μmol g−1 h−1 under irradiation of light with a wavelength longer than 420 nm, without using any sacrificial agents or external bias.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti‐melanogenic Activities of Essential Oils from Chrysanthemum boreale Makino at Different Harvesting Stages
Authors: Kim Do‐Yoon , Won Kyung‐Jong , Hwang Dae Il , Park Soo Min , Kim Bokyung , Lee Hwan Myung
Published: January 2018

In the present study, the chemical compositions and skin whitening‐related antioxidant and anti‐melanogenic effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Chrysanthemum borealeMakino (CBM) (CBMEOs) at vegetative, pre‐flowering and full‐flowering are investigated and contrasted among the three stages. The yields and components of the CBMEOs were different at each stage. The CBMEOs increased DPPH and ABTs scavenging activities and attenuated the α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)‐induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16BL6 cells. Among CBMEO components, eugenol had the highest DPPH and ABTs scavenging activities and cuminaldehyde was the strongest inhibitor of α‐MSH‐induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. The CBMEOs in each stage showed the different levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 and p38 MAPK. These findings demonstrate that the CBMEOs have antioxidative and anti‐melanogenic activities in all the CBM harvesting stages, resulting in skin‐whitening biological activities and that the levels of their component contents and bioactivities differ among the CBM harvesting stages. The CBMEOs may have the potential for use in cosmetics and alternative medicine.
Hybrid Pharmacophore Design, Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Aldimine‐Type Schiff Base Derivatives as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor
Authors: Ameri Alieh , Khodarahmi Ghadamali , Forootanfar Hamid , Hassanzadeh Farshid , Hakimelahi Gholam‐Hosein
Published: January 2018

A series of hybrid aldimine‐type Schiff base derivatives including trimethoxyphenyl ring and 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol/thione were designed as tubulin inhibitors. The molecular docking simulations on tubulin complex (PDB: 1SA0) revealed that derivatives with nitro and/or chloro or dimethylamino substitutes (4‐nitro, 2‐nitro, 3‐nitro, 4‐Cl‐3‐nitro, and 4‐Me2N) on the aldehyde ring were the best compounds with remarkable binding energies (−9.09, −9.07, −8.63, −8.11, and −8.07 kcal mol−1, respectively) compared to colchicine (−8.12 kcal mol−1). These compounds were also showed remarkable binding energies from −10.66 to −9.79 and −10.12 to −8.95 kcal mol−1 on human (PDB: 1PD8) and Candida albicans (PDB: 3QLS) DHFR, respectively. The obtained results of cytotoxic activities against HT1080, HepG2, HT29, MCF‐7, and A549 cancer cell lines indicated that 4‐nitro and 2‐nitro substituted compounds were the most effective agents by mean IC50 values of 11.84 ± 1.01 and 19.92 ± 1.36 μm, respectively. 4‐Nitro substituted compound (5 μm) and 2‐nitro substituted compound (30 μm) were able to strongly inhibit the tubulin polymerization compared to colchicine (5 μm) and 4‐nitro substituted compound displayed IC50 values of 0.16 ± 0.01 μm compared to that of colchicine (0.19 ± 0.01 μm). This compound also showed the lowest MIC values on all tested microbial strains including three Gram‐positive, four Gram‐negative, and three yeast pathogens.
Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Nanophosphor with Ambipolar Shell
Authors: Han Chunmiao , Xie Guohua , Xu Hui
Published: January 2018

Super‐resolution display (SRD) is crucial to all super‐resolution processing technologies for visualization terminals. Herein, as a proof‐of‐concept, an iridium‐complexed nanoemitter, [Ir(CzPOPBI)3] (CzPOPBI=9,9′‐(3,3′‐(4‐(1‐(3‐(4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)phenoxy)propyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1,2‐phenylene)bis(oxy)bis(propane‐3,1‐diyl))bis(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazole)), with a core–shell structure for charge and exciton spatial allocation is reported, the ambipolar shell of which can balance shell‐to‐core charge transfer and excess charge export. As a result, top performance of spin‐coated host‐free bilayer devices was realized, owing to the simultaneous exciton confinement in the core and exciton‐charge quenching suppression. The competence of [Ir(CzPOPBI)3] as a single‐molecule emissive layer of nanopixel units shows the great potential of this kind of organic core–shell system for high‐performance SRD applications.
Methylation of Arenols through Ni‐catalyzed C—O Activation with Methyl Magnesium Bromide
Authors: Shi Wen‐Juan , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: January 2018

Direct alkylation of arenols with alkyl organometallic reagents has never been approached. Herein we reported the first successful example of nickel‐catalyzed methylation of arenols with methyl Grignard reagents to construct C(sp2)‐C(sp3) bond under mild conditions. The transformation was compatible with broad substrate scope of 2‐naphthol derivatives. Benzyl alcohol and biphenols were also suitable substrates for this methylation.
Carbon Nanodots as Electrocatalysts towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Martínez‐Periñán Emiliano , Bravo Iria , Rowley‐Neale Samuel J. , Lorenzo Encarnación , Banks Craig E.
Published: January 2018

Electrocatalysts perform a key role in increasing efficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and as a result, efforts have been made by the scientific community to develop novel and cheap materials that have the capability to exhibit low ORR overpotentials and allow the reaction to occur via a 4 electron pathway, thereby mimicking as close as possible to traditionally utilised platinum. In that context, two different types of carbon nanodots (CNDs) with amide (CND‐CONH2) and carboxylic (CND‐COOH) surface groups, have herein been fabricated and shown to exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR in acid and basic media (0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M KOH). CND surface modified carbon screen‐printed electrodes allow for a facile electrode modification and enabling the study of the CNDs electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR. CND‐COOH modified SPEs are found to exhibit improved ORR peak current and reduced overpotential by 21.9 % and 26.3 %, respectively compared to bare/unmodified SPEs. Additionally, 424 μg cm−2 CND‐COOH modified SPEs in oxygenated 0.1 M KOH are found to facilitate the ORR via a near optimal 4 (3.8) electron ORR pathway. The CNDs also exhibited excellent long‐term stability and tolerance with no degradation being observed in the achievable current with the ORR current returning to the baseline level within 100 seconds of exposure to a 1.5 M solution of methanol. In summary, the CND‐COOH could be utilised as a cathodic electrode for PEMFCs offering greater stability than a commercial Pt electrode.
An exploratory LC‐MS‐based metabolomics study reveals differences in aqueous humor composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract
Authors: Pietrowska Karolina , Dmuchowska Diana Anna , Krasnicki Pawel , Bujalska Aleksandra , Samczuk Paulina , Parfieniuk Ewa , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Wojnar Malgorzata , Mariak Zofia , Kretowski Adam , Ciborowski Michal
Published: January 2018

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed up to a fivefold increased prevalence of cataracts in diabetic subjects. Metabolomics is nowadays frequently implemented to understand pathophysiological processes responsible for disease occurrence and progression. It has also been used recently to study the metabolic composition of aqueous humor (AH). AH is a transparent fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It supplies nutrients and removes metabolic waste from avascular tissues in the eye. The aim of this study was to use metabolomics to compare the AH of diabetic and non‐diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery. Several antioxidants (methyltetrahydrofolic acid, taurine, niacinamide, xanthine, and uric acid) were found decreased (−22 to −61%,p‐value 0.05–0.003) in AH of diabetics. Also amino acids (AA) and derivatives were found decreased (−21 to −36%,p‐value 0.05–0.01) while glycosylated AA increased (+75–98%,p‐value 0.03–0.009) in this group of patients. Metformin was detected in AH of people taking this drug. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics study aiming to assess differences in AH composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract. An increased oxidative stress and perturbations in amino acid metabolism in AH may be responsible for earlier cataract onset in diabetic patients.
Electrophoretic large volume sample stacking for sensitive determination of the anti‐microbial agent pentamidine in rat plasma for pharmacological studies
Authors: Tůma Petr , Heneberg Petr , Vaculín Šimon , Koval Dušan
Published: January 2018

A sensitive capillary electrophoretic method with on‐line sample preconcentration by large volume sample stacking has been developed for determination of the anti‐microbial agent pentamidine. The separation is performed in a fused silica capillary coated with covalently bound hydroxypropyl cellulose, with an internal diameter of 50 μm and length of 31.5 cm; the background electrolyte was 100 mM acetic acid/Tris at pH 4.7. The stacking is tested using a model sample of 1 μM pentamidine dissolved in 25% infusion solution and 75% acidified acetonitrile. Stacking permits the injection of a sample zone with a length of 95% of the total capillary length to achieve an enhancing factor of 77 compared to low injection into 1.8% of the total capillary length, with simultaneous high separation efficiency of approximately 1 350 000 plates/m. Stacking is based on simultaneous application of a separation field and a hydrodynamic pressure to force the acetonitrile zone out of the capillary. This approach allows the determination of pentamidine in rat blood plasma using only 12.5 μL of plasma treated by the addition of acetonitrile in a ratio of 1:3 v/v. The attained LOD is 0.03 μM and the intra‐day repeatability is 0.1% for the migration time and 1.0% for the peak area at the injection 28.3% of capillary length. The performed pharmacokinetic study with ten‐second scanning of the blood reveals rapid dynamics of pentamidine in the arterial bloodstream, while the changes are much slower in the venous system.
Active Tensile/Compressive Stress‐Regulated Electrochemical Behavior and Mechanism in Electrodes
Authors: Xie Haimei , Guo Jiangang , Song Haibin , Shi Baoqin , Kang Yilan
Published: January 2018

Coupling of mechanical load and electrochemical behavior of an electrode determines its fading process. Here, active‐stress‐regulated electrochemical behavior is investigated experimentally. A coin‐cell structure with curved spacers is designed to load active tensile/compressive stresses onto Si‐composite electrodes to decouple the effect from coupled stress. Electrochemical tests are conducted to measure the cyclic and kinetic performance in electrodes. It is found that active tensile (compressive) stress enhances (inhibits) the electrochemical behavior of Si‐composite electrodes, manifesting as improved (worsened) cyclic performance and faster (slower) diffusion and reaction. Furthermore, the extent of enhancement due to tensile stress is greater than the extent of inhibition induced by an equivalent compressive stress. Multi‐scale analyses of the regulation mechanism of active stress on electrochemical behavior are performed and show that active tensile stress provides more channels for ion transport and electron migration. It also increases spaces for deformation to achieve multi‐scale alleviation of compressive stress, including that originating from particle contact and that along the electrode thickness. Both diffusion and reaction are enhanced in particles and electrodes. Active tensile stress enhances cyclic performance and reduces energy dissipation, while the inhibition mechanism of active compressive stress is the opposite.