bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish Burgers Fortified with Microencapsulated Sacha Inchi Oil: Effects on Technological and Sensory Properties
Authors: Rengifo Estefany , Rios-Mera Juan D. , Huamaní Patricia , Vela-Paredes Rafael , Vásquez Jessy , Saldaña Erick , Siche Raúl , Tello Fernando
Published: March 2024

The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have proven health benefits, but it is not common to find them together in a processed food product. This could lead to healthier and more functional food products, which may have positive implications for consumer health and well-being. This work aimed to fortify a model burger manufactured with fillets of an Amazonian fish (boquichico, Prochilodus nigricans) by adding microencapsulated sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis, rich in ALA) (MSIO) produced by spray-drying. MSIO was incorporated into the burgers at different levels (0, 3, 4, 5, and 6%). The burgers were characterized by their proximal composition, cooking losses, texture profile, lipid oxidation, sensory profile, overall liking, and fatty acid profile. The results showed that adding MSIO up to concentrations of 5% or 6% increased the instrumental hardness, chewiness, and lipid oxidation in the burgers. However, fortifying the burgers with 3% MSIO was possible without affecting the burgers’ sensory properties and overall liking. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the burgers with 3% MSIO had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the ALA, EPA, and DHA types of fatty acids. Therefore, we recommend using this fortification concentration, but future studies should be carried out to improve the oxidative stability of MSIO and the burgers.
Effects of Simulated Airplane Cabin Noise on In-Flight Meal Perception in the Brain Using Electroencephalography
Authors: Lim Manyoel , Kim Sang Sook , Lee Cho-Long , Lee Youngseung , Kwak Han Sub
Published: March 2024

Auditory distractions can impair the sensory evaluation of food; however, the specific impact of airplane cabin noise on the sensory perception of in-flight meals remains poorly studied. Here, we investigated the effects of airplane cabin noise on the visual processing of in-flight meal stimuli using electroencephalography (EEG) in twenty healthy male subjects. Resting-state EEG and event-related potential (ERP) responses to in-flight meal images were acquired during quiet and simulated cabin noise conditions. Participants reported mild discomfort and some loss of appetite when exposed to airplane cabin noise. The analysis of resting-state EEG showed an increase in the absolute power of theta and beta frequency bands in the left superior parietal and left frontal/right central regions under simulated cabin noise conditions, compared to quiet conditions. The ERP results showed that the amplitude of responses evoked by visual meal images in the superior parietal area was reduced in the noise condition compared to the quiet condition. Our findings suggest that airplane cabin noise disrupts the visual perception and attentional processing of in-flight food stimuli. These neural changes imply an impact on integrating sensory information, resulting in altered sensory evaluations of food during in-flight dining experiences.
Comparison of Different Pretreatment Processes Envisaging the Potential Use of Food Waste as Microalgae Substrate
Authors: Marques Fabiana , Pereira Francisco , Machado Luís , Martins Joana T. , Pereira Ricardo N. , Costa Monya M. , Genisheva Zlatina , Pereira Hugo , Vicente António A. , Teixeira José A. , Geada Pedro
Published: March 2024

A significant fraction of the food produced worldwide is currently lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, squandering natural and economic resources. Food waste valorization will be an important necessity in the coming years. This work investigates the ability of food waste to serve as a viable nutritional substrate for the heterotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The impact of different pretreatments on the elemental composition and microbial contamination of seven retail food waste mixtures was evaluated. Among the pretreatment methods applied to the food waste formulations, autoclaving was able to eliminate all microbial contamination and increase the availability of reducing sugars by 30%. Ohmic heating was also able to eliminate most of the contaminations in the food wastes in shorter time periods than autoclave. However, it has reduced the availability of reducing sugars, making it less preferable for microalgae heterotrophic cultivation. The direct utilization of food waste containing essential nutrients from fruits, vegetables, dairy and bakery products, and meat on the heterotrophic growth of microalgae allowed a biomass concentration of 2.2 × 108 cells·mL−1, being the culture able to consume more than 42% of the reducing sugars present in the substrate, thus demonstrating the economic and environmental potential of these wastes.
Design and Properties of Novel Hydrophobic Natural Tea Saponin and Its Organogels
Authors: Wang Maogong , Yan Liuxin , Guo Xuying , Xing Xinwei , Liang Fengqian , Han Chunrui , Liu Liujun
Published: March 2024

It was first discovered that the excellent gelation ability of tea saponin can be obtained by introducing long-chain alkyl groups of dodecanoyl chloride into the glycosyl portion with direct esterification. The modified dodecanoyl chloride–tea saponin (DC-TS) was successfully synthesized and characterized with NMR, MS, and FT-IR. The tests showed that the long-chain alkyl group was successfully introduced. Combined with SEM and X-ray diffraction patterns, we found that the stable lamellar shape gels of DC-TS were formed in a variety of solvents. More interestingly, organogel was also obtained by adjusting good solvent and poor solvent as mixed solvent. It is worth noting that the driving force of organogels is the combination of hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic interaction of the introduced alkyl chains with the rigid backbone of pentacyclic triterpenes. The modified tea saponin, a natural green surfactant, was discovered to have gelation properties, which has broadened tea saponin’s scope of application and made it more promising.
DRANetSplicer: A Splice Site Prediction Model Based on Deep Residual Attention Networks
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Zhang Hongyan , Zeng Ying , Zhu Xinghui , Zhu Lei , Fu Jiahui
Published: March 2024

The precise identification of splice sites is essential for unraveling the structure and function of genes, constituting a pivotal step in the gene annotation process. In this study, we developed a novel deep learning model, DRANetSplicer, that integrates residual learning and attention mechanisms for enhanced accuracy in capturing the intricate features of splice sites. We constructed multiple datasets using the most recent versions of genomic data from three different organisms, Oryza sativa japonica, Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens. This approach allows us to train models with a richer set of high-quality data. DRANetSplicer outperformed benchmark methods on donor and acceptor splice site datasets, achieving an average accuracy of (96.57%, 95.82%) across the three organisms. Comparative analyses with benchmark methods, including SpliceFinder, Splice2Deep, Deep Splicer, EnsembleSplice, and DNABERT, revealed DRANetSplicer’s superior predictive performance, resulting in at least a (4.2%, 11.6%) relative reduction in average error rate. We utilized the DRANetSplicer model trained on O. sativa japonica data to predict splice sites in A. thaliana, achieving accuracies for donor and acceptor sites of (94.89%, 94.25%). These results indicate that DRANetSplicer possesses excellent cross-organism predictive capabilities, with its performance in cross-organism predictions even surpassing that of benchmark methods in non-cross-organism predictions. Cross-organism validation showcased DRANetSplicer’s excellence in predicting splice sites across similar organisms, supporting its applicability in gene annotation for understudied organisms. We employed multiple methods to visualize the decision-making process of the model. The visualization results indicate that DRANetSplicer can learn and interpret well-known biological features, further validating its overall performance. Our study systematically examined and confirmed the predictive ability of DRANetSplicer from various levels and perspectives, indicating that its practical application in gene annotation is justified.
Extrachromosomal Circular DNA: An Emerging Potential Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?
Authors: Petito Valentina , Di Vincenzo Federica , Putignani Lorenza , Abreu Maria T. , Regenberg Birgitte , Gasbarrini Antonio , Scaldaferri Franco
Published: March 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease is a chronic immune-mediated disease which affects the gastrointestinal tract with a relapsing and remitting course, causing lifelong morbidity. IBD pathogenesis is determined by multiple factors including genetics, immune and microbial factors, and environmental factors. Although therapy options are expanding, remission rates are unsatisfiable, and together with the disease course, response to therapy remains unpredictable. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers that are predictive for the disease course and response to therapy is a significant challenge. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) fragments exist in all tissue tested so far. These fragments, ranging in length from a few hundreds of base pairs to mega base pairs, have recently gained more interest due to technological advances. Until now, eccDNA has mainly been studied in relation to cancer due to its ability to act as an amplification site for oncogenes and drug resistance genes. However, eccDNA could also play an important role in inflammation, expressed both locally in the- involved tissue and at distant sites. Here, we review the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms of eccDNA and its role in inflammation and IBD. Additionally, the potential of eccDNA as a tissue or plasma marker for disease severity and/or response to therapy is evaluated.
Identification of Degradation Products and Components in Shellfish Purple by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Vasileiadou Athina , Sampsonidis Ioannis , Theodoridis Georgios , Zotou Anastasia , Karapanagiotis Ioannis , Kalogiannis Stavros
Published: March 2024

Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze a colorant and silk, which were prepared and dyed using shellfish (Hexaplex trunculus L.) purple. Solutions of colorant and silk extracts were analyzed immediately after preparation (fresh samples) and after storing them in the dark for thirty days (aged sample I). Moreover, a silk sample was subjected to artificially accelerated ageing under UV radiation (aged sample II). The application of the UHPLC-MS/MS method leads to the detection of (i) the major coloring components of shellfish purple, which are indigotin, indirubin, 6-bromoindigotin, 6′-bromoindirubin, 6-bromoindirubin, 6,6′-dibromoindigotin, 6,6′-dibromoindirubin; (ii) four minor indigoid components in shellfish purple (compounds A, B, C and D), which belong to the same structural class as indirubin, and whose identification has been reported only once in the past; and (iii) eight degradation products (isatin, degradation products DP3, DP4, DP5, DP6, DP7, DP9 and DP10). The latter were also detected in stored indigotin solution, except for DP 6, which was used as reference sample. The method development was assisted by a new solution preparation approach for investigating compound fragmentation, using a solvent system compatible with direct infusion ESI. This system replaceddimethyl sulfoxide, which inhibits detection through electrospray ionization.
Genetic Variability and Clustering Patterns of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Germplasms with Respect to Sucrose-Related Traits
Authors: Momotaz Aliya , Coto Arbelo Orlando , Gordon Vanessa S. , Wesley Bronski , Sood Sushma G. , Zhao Duli
Published: March 2024

Fifty-five sugarcane genotypes from around the world were collected and evaluated for potential use as parental material in the USDA ARS Canal Point (CP) sugarcane breeding program in Florida, USA. The genotypes were planted in a trial with four check cultivars on organic soils with four replications, and data were collected for two years [i.e., plant cane (PC) and first ratoon (FR) crops] to assess sucrose-yield-related traits and the cane-yield-related traits in PC. Using a multivariate analysis, variation was observed in all cane—[i.e., stalk weight, stalk population and cane yield] and sugar-yield-related traits [i.e., Brix, Pol, sucrose content and commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS)]. The mean CRS content was greater in the FR crop than the PC crop. Significant variations were attributed to genotype (G), crop cycles (C) and G × C effects. Variations between crop cycles were highly significant for all sucrose yield components, which could complicate the downstream selection of genotypes for sucrose yield. Based on CRS content, genotypes could be grouped into six distinct clusters. Based on plant cane data, cane yield traits (stalk weight, stalk population and cane yield) were used to estimate the breeding values of parents. Of the 55 genotypes, 8 had significantly greater t-BLUP values for cane yield, along with CP 00-1101. Combined sucrose yield traits, (Brix, Pol and sucrose content) from the two crops were used to estimate the breeding values of parents. Of the 55 genotypes, 10 genotypes had significantly greater t-BLUP values for CRS, along with CP 00-1101, CP 96-1252 and CP 01-2390, and can be considered as elite parents in future breeding efforts. These results provide a foundation for the efficient integration of genetic diversity in developing commercial cultivars, with improved sucrose yields, into the CP sugarcane breeding program.
Sex Differentiation of Trabecular Bone Structure Based on Textural Analysis of Pelvic Radiographs
Authors: Kamiński Paweł , Nurzynska Karolina , Kwiecień Joanna , Obuchowicz Rafał , Piórkowski Adam , Pociask Elżbieta , Stępień Aleksandra , Kociołek Marcin , Strzelecki Michał , Augustyniak Piotr
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to assess the determination of male and female sex from trabecular bone structures in the pelvic region. The study involved analyzing digital radiographs for 343 patients and identifying fourteen areas of interest based on their medical significance, with seven regions on each side of the body for symmetry. Methods: Textural parameters for each region were obtained using various methods, and a thorough investigation of data normalization was conducted. Feature selection approaches were then evaluated to determine a small set of the most representative features, which were input into several classification machine learning models. Results: The findings revealed a sex-dependent correlation in the bone structure observed in X-ray images, with the degree of dependency varying based on the anatomical location. Notably, the femoral neck and ischium regions exhibited distinctive characteristics between sexes. Conclusions: This insight is crucial for medical professionals seeking to estimate sex dependencies from such image data. For these four specific areas, the balanced accuracy exceeded 70%. The results demonstrated symmetry, confirming the genuine dependencies in the trabecular bone structures.
Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Severe Obesity Compared to Patients with Non-Severe Obesity at A New Institution in The United Arab Emirates
Authors: DeCicco Jamie P. , Barajas-Gamboa Juan S. , Dang Jerry T. , Diaz Del Gobbo Gabriel , Raza Javed , Abril Carlos , Guerron Alfredo D. , Pantoja Juan Pablo , Hegazin Safa Botros , Corcelles Ricard , Rodriguez John , Kroh Matthew
Published: March 2024

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for weight loss, but a higher body mass index (BMI) may lead to higher postoperative complication rates. This study aims to compare perioperative and postoperative outcomes between UAE patients with severe obesity (SO) [BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2] and non-severe obesity (NSO) [BMI < 50 kg/m2] undergoing primary bariatric surgery. Methods: From September 2015 to July 2019, 542 patients, 94 SO (56.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2) and 448 NSO (41.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2), were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Patients with SO were younger (33.8 ± 13.4 vs. 37.0 ± 11.5 years, p = 0.02) but otherwise had similar demographic characteristics. Their rates of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (39.4% SO vs. 44.4% NSO, p = 0.37) and sleeve gastrectomy (60.6% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.37) were similar. There were no differences between perioperative complications (6.4% SO vs. 5.8% NSO, p = 0.83), major postoperative complications (5.3% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.42), readmissions (5.3% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.36), or reoperations (3.2% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.78). There were no mortalities. Their total body weight loss was comparable at 12 months (28.1 ± 10.2% vs. 29.0 ± 7.7%, p = 0.58). Conclusions: Although a higher BMI may pose operative challenges, UAE patients with SO do not have worsened outcomes in bariatric surgery, demonstrating similarly low morbidity to patients with NSO, and similar rates of improvement in their BMI.
Novel Cervical Endoscopic Unilateral Laminoforaminotomy for Bilateral Decompression in Cervical Spondylosis Myeloradiculopathy: A Technical Note and Clinical Results
Authors: Chien Kai-Ting , Chen Yu-Cheng , Chang Ting-Kuo , Liu Yueh-Ching , Chen Lei-Po , Huang Yu-Ching , Lian Yan-Shiang , Li Jian-You
Published: March 2024

Background: This study investigates the efficacy of the Cervical Endoscopic Unilateral Laminoforaminotomy for Bilateral Decompression (CE-ULFBD) technique in treating cervical myeloradiculopathy, primarily caused by degenerative spondylosis. Traditionally managed through multisegmental anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or laminoplasty combined with foraminotomy, this condition has recently experienced a promising shift towards minimally invasive approaches, particularly endoscopic spinal decompression. While empirical evidence is still emerging, these techniques show potential for effective treatment. Method: The objective was to evaluate the outcomes of CE-ULFBD in achieving single or multilevel bilateral foraminal and central decompression, emphasizing the reduction of injury to posterior cervical muscles and the associated postoperative neck soreness common in conventional procedures. This paper delineates the surgical procedures involved in CE-ULFBD and presents the clinical outcomes of nine patients diagnosed with myeloradiculopathy due to severe cervical stenosis. Result: Assessments were conducted using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain and the Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale (mJOA) for the activity measurement of daily living. Results indicated a considerable decrease in pain levels according to the VAS, coupled with significant improvements in functional capacities as measured by the mJOA scale. Additionally, no major postoperative complications were noted during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The study concludes that CE-ULFBD is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of cervical myeloradiculopathy resulting from severe cervical stenosis, offering a viable and less invasive alternative to traditional decompressive surgeries.
Long-Term Complications of Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis
Authors: Bianco Maria Rita , Saita Vincenzo , Occhiuzzi Federico , Modica Domenico Michele , Latella Daniele , Azzolina Alfio , Galfano Mario , Allegra Eugenia
Published: March 2024

Background: The aim of our multicenter retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term complications associated with primary and secondary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) in patients who underwent total laryngectomy (TL) for laryngeal cancer and were subsequently rehabilitated to phonatory function with tracheoesophageal speech (TES). Materials and Methods: To evaluate the long-term outcomes and complications of TEP, the following data were collected: mean time of prosthesis replacement, mean time of onset of complications, type of complications, and type of failure. Results: Complications occurred in 18 out of 46 patients (39.2%) with primary TEP and in 10 out of 30 patients (33.4%) with secondary TEP, out of a total of 76 enrolled patients. Common complications included prosthesis leakage, fistula leakage, granulation, and prosthesis extrusion. Prosthesis replacement due to fistula leakage or prosthesis extrusion was observed exclusively in the group of patients with primary TEP. Among the 28 patients (35.7%) who experienced complications, rehabilitation with TEP failed in 10 cases, primarily due to abandonment and spontaneous fistula closure. Conclusions: TEP, both primary and secondary, represents a valid option for vocal rehabilitation in patients undergoing TL. However, identifying prognostic factors that could influence the success of TEP would be beneficial to allow a targeted rehabilitation process.
Techniques for Thyroidectomy and Functional Neck Dissection
Authors: Agcaoglu Orhan , Sucu Serkan , Toprak Safa , Tezelman Serdar
Published: March 2024

Thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgery for thyroid cancer, Graves’ disease, and thyroid nodules. With the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer, understanding the anatomy and surgical techniques is crucial to ensure successful outcomes and minimize complications. This review discusses the anatomical considerations of the thyroid and neck, including lymphatic drainage and the structures at risk during thyroidectomy. Emphasis is placed on the significance of cautious dissection to preserve critical structures, such as the parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Neck dissection is also explored, particularly in cases of lymph node metastasis, in which its proper execution is essential for better survival rates. Additionally, this review evaluates various thyroidectomy techniques, including minimally invasive approaches, highlighting their potential benefits and limitations. Continuous surgical knowledge and expertise updates are necessary to ensure the best results for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
A Review on the Feasibility and Efficacy of Home-Based Cognitive Remediation in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Boschetti Angela , Maida Elisabetta , Dini Michelangelo , Tacchini Marta , Gamberini Giulia , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia
Published: March 2024

Cognitive impairment affects 34–65% of People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), significantly impacting their quality of life. Clinicians routinely address cognitive deficits with in-clinic neuro-behavioural interventions, but accessibility issues exist. Given these challenges, coupled with the lifelong need for continuous assistance in PwMS, researchers have underscored the advantageous role of telerehabilitation in addressing these requirements. Nonetheless, the feasibility and efficacy of home-based cognitive remediation remain to be firmly established. In this narrative review, we aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of digital telerehabilitation for cognition in PwMS. Thirteen relevant studies were identified and carefully assessed. Regarding the feasibility of cognitive telerehabilitation, evidence shows adherence rates are generally good, although, surprisingly, not all studies reported measures of compliance with the cognitive training explored. Considering the efficacy of rehabilitative techniques on cognitive performance in PwMS, findings are generally inconsistent, with only one study reporting uniformly positive results. A range of methodological limitations are reported as potential factors contributing to the variable results. Future research must address these challenges, as more rigorous studies are required to draw definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of home-based cognitive remediation in PwMS. Researchers must prioritise identifying optimal intervention approaches and exploring the long-term effects of telerehabilitation.
A Mixed-Rate Strategy on a Bilaterally-Synchronized Cochlear Implant Processor Offering the Opportunity to Provide Both Speech Understanding and Interaural Time Difference Cues
Authors: Dennison Stephen R. , Thakkar Tanvi , Kan Alan , Svirsky Mario A. , Azadpour Mahan , Litovsky Ruth Y.
Published: March 2024

Background/Objective: Bilaterally implanted cochlear implant (CI) users do not consistently have access to interaural time differences (ITDs). ITDs are crucial for restoring the ability to localize sounds and understand speech in noisy environments. Lack of access to ITDs is partly due to lack of communication between clinical processors across the ears and partly because processors must use relatively high rates of stimulation to encode envelope information. Speech understanding is best at higher stimulation rates, but sensitivity to ITDs in the timing of pulses is best at low stimulation rates. Methods: We implemented a practical “mixed rate” strategy that encodes ITD information using a low stimulation rate on some channels and speech information using high rates on the remaining channels. The strategy was tested using a bilaterally synchronized research processor, the CCi-MOBILE. Nine bilaterally implanted CI users were tested on speech understanding and were asked to judge the location of a sound based on ITDs encoded using this strategy. Results: Performance was similar in both tasks between the control strategy and the new strategy. Conclusions: We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the sound coding strategy and provide guidelines for utilizing synchronized processors for developing strategies.
Metabolic and Clinical Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes in the COVID-19 Pre- and Post-Vaccination Periods in Spain: The COVID-SED1 Study
Authors: Gómez-Peralta Fernando , Menéndez Edelmiro , Conde Santiago , Abellán-Galiana Pablo , Brito Miguel , Beléndez Marina , Pérez Antonio
Published: March 2024

Aims: To evaluate the metabolic and clinical outcomes in the Spanish type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) population before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in Spanish public hospitals previously enrolled in the SED1 study. Adults and children with T1D were included and their clinical electronic records were reviewed. Clinical, laboratory, and glucometric parameters from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data corresponding to the periods before and after administering the first COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. Results: A total of 26 centers and 228 patients participated in this new phase of the SED1 study and 187 were finally evaluable (mean age 37.5 ± 15.6 years, 56.7% women). Overall, 94.6% of the sample was vaccinated, and this percentage increased with higher levels of education (p-value = 0.027). In the pre- and post-vaccination periods, respectively, the number of patients with acute hyperglycemic decompensation was 6/161 (3.7%) and 7/161 (4.3%) (p = 1) and with acute hypoglycemic decompensation was 6/161 (3.7%) and 6/161 (3.7%) (p = 1). The HbA1c level was lower in the post-vaccination period(mean ± SD, mg/dL): pre-vaccination 7.4 ± 0.9; post-vaccination 7.2 ± 1.0, (−0.19; p-value = 0.0006). A total of 31.9% of patients (95% CI: 24.7–39.7) in the pre-vaccination period and 45.0% (IC95%: 37.1–53.1) in the post-vaccine period had HbA1c < 7% (p-value < 0.001). Glucometrics from CGM data also showed numerical improvements post-vaccination. Conclusions: The COVID-19 vaccination was highly accepted in the Spanish T1D population, with hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine being higher in those with lower educational levels. A mildly better glycemic control was observed in the post-vaccination period.
Combination of BeGraft and Solaris Stent Grafts for the Covered Endovascular Reconstruction of Aortic Bifurcation—BS-CERAB Technique
Authors: San Norberto Enrique M. , Revilla Álvaro , Brizuela José A. , Del Blanco Isabel , Flores Ángel , Taylor James H.
Published: March 2024

Background: This study examines the impact of the use of the combination of BeGraft and Solaris stent grafts on the outcomes during the covered endovascular reconstruction of aortic bifurcation (BS-CERAB) technique and extension to the iliac arteries. Methods: Consecutive patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease who underwent endovascular treatment using BS-CERAB between January 2020 and December 2023 were included. Patient demographics, symptoms, lesion characteristics, and procedural and follow-up details were collected and analyzed. Perioperative complications and reinterventions were also identified. Results: A total of 42 patients met the inclusion criteria (32 men, 76.2%, median age 72 years, range 59–85). Indications for treatment were intermittent claudication (42.9%) and critical limb ischemia (57.1%). Procedure success was achieved in all cases. The median patient follow-up time was 14 months (1–36). One patient died at a 10-month follow-up due to lung cancer. The mean pre-operative ABI increased from 0.37 ± 0.19 before intervention to 0.71 ± 1.23 post-operatively at 12 months (p = 0.037). The estimated primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 90.5%, 85.7%, and 81.0% and primary assisted patency rates were 90.5%, 90.5%, and 85.7%, respectively. Secondary patency was 95.2% at 3 and 6 months and 90.5% at a 12-month follow-up. Active cancer (p = 0.023, OR 2.12 95%CI 1.14–3.25) was a risk factor for restenosis. Conclusions: This mid-term experience shows that the CERAB technique using the combination of BeGraft and Solaris stents grafts, for the endovascular treatment of severe aortoiliac atherosclerotic disease, may allow an effective reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation and iliac arteries related to high-patency and lower-reintervention rates.
Tensile Test Analysis of 3D Printed Specimens with Varying Print Orientation and Infill Density
Authors: Appalsamy Thesan , Hamilton Silumko Luvo , Kgaphola Motsoko Juniet
Published: March 2024

The research conducted aimed to investigate the effect of varying print orientation and infill density on the mechanical properties of different 3D printed polymer specimens by conducting tensile tests. The Stratasys Fortus 900mc Material Extrusion printer was used to produce multiple samples of different materials, namely, Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), Nylon 12, Nylon 12 Carbon Fibre, ULTEM 1010, and ULTEM 9085 which were subjected to tensile tests according to the ASTM D638 standard. Samples were printed in flat, side, and upright orientations with both sparse (50%) and solid (100%) infill densities. The samples were then tensile tested to obtain the Young’s Modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength, and strain at break. The results produced revealed that the solid infill specimens almost always outperformed the sparse infill specimens. In terms of print orientation, side-orientated specimens achieved higher values for the material properties, followed by the flat specimens, with the upright specimens producing the performance with the lowest values. There were, however, notable exceptions to the results trends mentioned above. These findings were analysed using fracture mechanics and composite theory to explain the unexpected behaviour.
Real-Time Dynamic Intelligent Image Recognition and Tracking System for Rockfall Disasters
Authors: Lin Yu-Wei , Chiu Chu-Fu , Chen Li-Hsien , Ho Chao-Ching
Published: March 2024

Taiwan, frequently affected by extreme weather causing phenomena such as earthquakes and typhoons, faces a high incidence of rockfall disasters due to its largely mountainous terrain. These disasters have led to numerous casualties, government compensation cases, and significant transportation safety impacts. According to the National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction records from 2010 to 2022, 421 out of 866 soil and rock disasters occurred in eastern Taiwan, causing traffic disruptions due to rockfalls. Since traditional sensors of disaster detectors only record changes after a rockfall, there is no system in place to detect rockfalls as they occur. To combat this, a rockfall detection and tracking system using deep learning and image processing technology was developed. This system includes a real-time image tracking and recognition system that integrates YOLO and image processing technology. It was trained on a self-collected dataset of 2490 high-resolution RGB images. The system’s performance was evaluated on 30 videos featuring various rockfall scenarios. It achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP50) of 0.845 and mAP50-95 of 0.41, with a processing time of 125 ms. Tested on advanced hardware, the system proves effective in quickly tracking and identifying hazardous rockfalls, offering a significant advancement in disaster management and prevention.
Development of Augmented Reality Technology Implementation in a Shipbuilding Project Realization Process
Authors: Kunkera Zoran , Željković Ivana , Mimica Ratko , Ljubenkov Boris , Opetuk Tihomir
Published: March 2024

The technology of Augmented Reality is taking on an increasingly important role in the digital (and green) transformation of industry, including shipbuilding. Upgraded to the three-dimensional ship model in the form and content of a Digital Twin, (industrial) Augmented Reality contributes to the activities of sale and marketing, development, and design, as well as production and maintenance. Recognizing its leading potential in creating the configuration of Shipyard 4.0, research on the further applicability of Augmented Reality in shipbuilding processes, with an emphasis on outfitting activities, was initiated in collaboration between industry and universities. This paper describes the course of the research, i.e., the development of an Augmented Reality application supportive of the shipbuilding process. The authors emphasize the possibility of achieving savings in shipbuilding project realization by implementing the Augmented Reality application according to the conducted proof of concept, thus contributing to shipbuilding system competitiveness improvement.
Association between Initial Fibrinogen Levels and the Need for Massive Transfusion in Emergency Department Patients with Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center in Korea
Authors: Park Sungmin , Sohn Changhwan , Kwon Hyojeong , Kim Sangmin , Ryoo Seungmok , Ahn Shin , Seo Dongwoo , Kim Wonyoung
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between initial fibrinogen levels and massive transfusion (MT) in emergency department (ED) patients with primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the ED of a university-affiliated, tertiary referral center from January 2004 to August 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: the MT group, which included those who received a transfusion of 10 or more units of packed red blood cells within the first 24 h, and the Non-MT group. Results: Out of the 364 patients included in the study, 97 (26.6%) required MT. Fibrinogen, shock index, and lactate were independently associated with MT (odds ratio [OR] 0.987; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.983–0.991; p < 0.001, OR 7.277; 95% CI 1.856–28.535; p = 0.004, and OR 1.261; 95% CI 1.021–1.557; p = 0.031, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for fibrinogen, shock index, and lactate in predicting MT was 0.871 (95% CI 0.832–0.904; p < 0.001), 0.821 (95% CI 0.778–0.859; p < 0.001), and 0.784 (95% CI 0.738–0.825; p < 0.001), respectively. When the cutoff value of fibrinogen was 400 mg/dL, both the sensitivity and negative predictive values for predicting MT were 100.0%. When the cutoff value of fibrinogen was 100 mg/dL, the specificity and positive predictive values were 91.8% and 70.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The initial fibrinogen levels were independently associated with the need for MT in ED patients with primary PPH.
Introducing the Special Issue: Language Use in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Habib Rania
Published: March 2024

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region represents a rich tapestry of languages, cultures, and political, religious, and societal dynamics [...]
Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Methods for Prediction of Residual Stresses in Laser Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review
Authors: Wu Sung-Heng , Tariq Usman , Joy Ranjit , Sparks Todd , Flood Aaron , Liou Frank
Published: March 2024

In recent decades, laser additive manufacturing has seen rapid development and has been applied to various fields, including the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries. However, the residual stresses that form during the manufacturing process can lead to defects in the printed parts, such as distortion and cracking. Therefore, accurately predicting residual stresses is crucial for preventing part failure and ensuring product quality. This critical review covers the fundamental aspects and formation mechanisms of residual stresses. It also extensively discusses the prediction of residual stresses utilizing experimental, computational, and machine learning methods. Finally, the review addresses the challenges and future directions in predicting residual stresses in laser additive manufacturing.
Electromagnetic Field Drives the Bioelectrocatalysis of γ-Fe2O3-Coated Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 to Boost Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Wang Xiaohai , Shi Zhuanzhuan , Wang Zhikai , Wu Xiaoshuai
Published: March 2024

The microbial hybrid system modified by magnetic nanomaterials can enhance the interfacial electron transfer and energy conversion under the stimulation of a magnetic field. However, the bioelectrocatalytic performance of a hybrid system still needs to be improved, and the mechanism of magnetic field-induced bioelectrocatalytic enhancements is still unclear. In this work, γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles were coated on a Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 cell surface and followed by placing in an electromagnetic field. The results showed that the electromagnetic field can greatly boost the extracellular electron transfer, and the oxidation peak current of CN32@γ-Fe2O3 increased to 2.24 times under an electromagnetic field. The enhancement mechanism is mainly due to the fact that the surface modified microorganism provides an elevated contact area for the high microbial catalytic activity of the outer cell membrane’s cytochrome, while the magnetic nanoparticles provide a networked interface between the cytoplasm and the outer membrane for boosting the fast multidimensional electron transport path in the magnetic field. This work sheds fresh scientific light on the rational design of magnetic-field-coupled electroactive microorganisms and the fundamentals of an optimal interfacial structure for a fast electron transfer process toward an efficient bioenergy conversion.
Increasing the Service Life of Marine Transport Using Heat-Resistant Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Sapronov Oleksandr , Buketov Andriy , Kim Boksun , Vorobiov Pavlo , Sapronova Lyudmila
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the technological aspects of increasing the thermal stability of polymers, with epoxy binder used to form the polymer materials. Polyethylene polyamine was used to crosslink the epoxy binder. To ensure the thermal stability of the polymer, nanodispersed condensed carbon with a dispersion of 10–16 nm was used. The research into nanocomposites under the influence of elevated temperatures was carried out using the “Thermoscan-2” derivatograph. Complex studies of thermophysical properties were carried out, according to the results of which the optimal content of nanofiller (0.050 pts.wt.) was determined. At the same time, this particular polymer was characterized by the following properties: temperature of the beginning of mass loss—T0 = 624.9 K; final temperature of mass loss—Tf = 718.7 K; relative mass loss—εm = 60.3%. Research into the activation energy of thermal destruction was performed to determine the resistance to the destruction of chemical bonds. It was proved that the maximum value of activation energy (170.1 kJ/mol) is characterized by nanocomposites with a content of nanodispersed condensed carbon of 0.050 pts.wt., which indicates the thermal stability of the polymer.
Controlled Bio-Orthogonal Catalysis Using Nanozyme–Protein Complexes via Modulation of Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhang Xianzhi , Fedeli Stefano , Cicek Yagiz Anil , Ndugire William , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: March 2024

Bio-orthogonal chemistry provides a powerful tool for drug delivery systems due to its ability to generate therapeutic agents in situ, minimizing off-target effects. Bio-orthogonal transition metal catalysts (TMCs) with stimuli-responsive properties offer possibilities for controllable catalysis due to their spatial-, temporal-, and dosage-controllable properties. In this paper, we fabricated a stimuli-responsive bio-orthogonal catalysis system based on an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)–nanozyme (NZ) complex (EGFP-NZ). Regulation of the catalytic properties of the EGFP-NZ complex was directly achieved by modulating the ionic strength of the solution. The dielectric screening introduced by salt ions allows the dissociation of the EGFP-NZ complex, increasing the access of substrate to the active site of the NZs and concomitantly increasing nanozyme activity. The change in catalytic rate of the NZ/EGFP = 1:1 complex was positively correlated with salt concentration from 0 mM to 150 mM.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Yokeless and Segmented Armature Machine for In-Wheel Traction Applications Based on the Taguchi Method
Authors: Su Liang , Wang Guangchen , Gao Yuan , Zanchetta Pericle , Zhang Hengliang
Published: March 2024

For electrical machines with complex structures, the design space of parameters can be large with high dimensions during optimization. Considering the calculation cost and time consumption, it is hard to optimize all the design parameters at the same time. Therefore, in that situation, sensitivity analysis of these design parameters is usually used to sort out crucial parameters. In this paper, the sensitivity analysis-based Taguchi method is applied to optimize the axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology for an in-wheel traction system. According to the key parameters and their sensitivity analysis, the optimal machine scheme to meet the performance requirements can be formed. In this case study, the machine performance is improved significantly after optimization. Lastly, the experimental results verify the accuracy of the model used in this study.
Anatomical Exploration of the KI1 Acupoint: Implications for Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Kim Sang Hyun , Joung Jin-Yong , Lee Young Ho , Son Chang-Gue
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aims to identify the precise anatomical location and therapeutic mechanisms of the KI1 acupoint (Yongquan) in relation to foot muscles and nerves, known for treating neurological disorders and pain. Materials and Methods: Dissection of six cadavers at Chungnam National University College of Medicine examined KI1’s relation to the foot’s four-layer structure. Results: The KI1 acupoint was located in the superficial and deep layers of the plantar foot, adjacent to significant nerves like the medial and lateral plantar nerves. Differences in the acupoint’s exact location between genders were noted, reflecting variances in foot morphology. KI1 acupuncture was found to stimulate the muscle spindles and nerve fibers essential for balance and bipedal locomotion. This stimulation may enhance sensory feedback, potentially improving cognitive functions and balance control. Conclusions: This anatomical insight into KI1 acupuncture underpins its potential in neurological therapies and pain management.
Frailty in Older Adults with Dengue Fever
Authors: Hu Yu-Sheng , Lo Yu-Tai , Yang Yi-Ching , Wang Jiun-Ling
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives: Dengue is one of the most common epidemic infections around the world. Dengue infections in older adults are related to an atypical presentation and a high mortality. Frailty is associated with poor recovery from hospitalization due to infection. However, few studies describe frailty and functional decline after dengue infection. The current case series study aims to investigate the baseline frailty status, functional decline, and time to recovery in older adults after dengue infection. Method: We studied seven patients with post-dengue frailty who had been admitted to the geriatric ward in one tertiary medical center in Taiwan during the 2023 dengue fever outbreak. Result: The mean age was 82 years old. The clinical frailty scale worsened from a mean of 4.7 at baseline to 6.3 at dengue diagnosis. The mean Katz Index of independence in activities of daily living decreased from 10.6 at baseline to 4.7 with dengue, and it recovered to 6.7 one month after discharge. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that there is indeed an increase in frailty in older adults due to dengue. Post-dengue frailty and functional decline might be profound and persistent. Acute geriatric care intervention rehabilitation for frailty after dengue may benefit this population.
Effect of Copper Content on the Microstructure and Properties of the Sintered Porous Aluminum Wick
Authors: Cai Yanbo , Duan Bohua
Published: March 2024

Porous aluminum has been widely used as a wick, an electrode, and in other products, due to its advantages of a light weight, pore uniformity, and corrosion resistance. However, the dense alumina layer on the surface of Al powder hinders its densification during sintering. In this paper, porous aluminum was prepared via loose powder sintering with the addition of Cu as a sintering aid. The effects of Cu content on the microstructure and wick properties of the porous aluminum were investigated. The results showed that, with increasing Cu content, the porosity and capillary properties of porous Al decreased, while the compressive strength improved. The optimal Cu content was determined to be 3 wt.% and the prepared porous Al has a porosity of 47.5%, plateau stress of 11.82 MPa, and capillary characteristic parameter of 6.72 × 10−8 N, meeting the requirements for wicks in heat pipes. These findings contribute to the demand for the lightweight design of heat pipes for aerospace applications.
Statistical Analysis of Measurement Processes Using Multi-Physic Instruments: Insights from Stitched Maps
Authors: Moreau Clement , Lemesle Julie , Páez Margarit David , Blateyron François , Bigerelle Maxence
Published: March 2024

Stitching methods allow one to measure a wider surface without the loss of resolution. The observation of small details with a better topographical representation is thus possible. However, it is not excluded that stitching methods generate some errors or aberrations on topography reconstruction. A device including confocal microscopy (CM), focus variation (FV), and coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) instrument modes was used to chronologically follow the drifts and the repositioning errors on stitching topographies. According to a complex measurement plan, a wide measurement campaign was performed on TA6V specimens that were ground with two neighboring SiC FEPA grit papers (P#80 and P#120). Thanks to four indicators (quality, drift, stability, and relevance indexes), no measurement drift in the system was found, indicating controlled stitching and repositioning processes for interferometry, confocal microscopy, and focus variation. Measurements show commendable stability, with interferometric microscopy being the most robust, followed by confocal microscopy, and then focus variation. Despite variations, robustness remains constant for each grinding grit, minimizing interpretation biases. A bootstrap analysis reveals time-dependent robustness for confocal microscopy, which is potentially linked to human presence. Despite Sa value discrepancies, all three metrologies consistently discriminate between grinding grits, highlighting the reliability of the proposed methodology.