bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can carbon emissions trading policy promote product bargaining power increases for high-carbon enterprises? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Sen , Li Jinye
Published: June 2024

Carbon emissions trading policies play a crucial role in facilitating the transition to high-end products within high-carbon enterprises. Nevertheless, current empirical analyses of the carbon emissions trading market exhibit a lack of precision and are susceptible to bias in their findings. Limited research has been conducted on the influence of product quality as a potential constraint on the impact of carbon trading on product bargaining power. This study presents a double-difference model utilizing data on emission-control enterprises in China’s carbon market to examine the influence of the carbon emissions trading mechanism on the bargaining power of high-carbon products. Empirical analysis is conducted using financial data from listed companies in China spanning the years 2010 to 2020. The findings indicate that the implementation of carbon emissions trading policies has a dampening impact on the product bargaining power of high-carbon enterprises. Moreover, carbon emissions trading policies have heterogeneous effects on the product bargaining power of high-carbon firms with different life cycles, with mature high-carbon firms receiving a boost and declining high-carbon firms receiving a dampening effect. Mechanism test finds that the incomplete transmission effect of cost shocks resulting from carbon emissions trading policies has negatively affect the product bargaining power of high-carbon enterprises. Further research finds that product quality is a key factor in determining the effect of the carbon emissions trading policy, and that the impact of the carbon emissions trading policy on the bargaining power of products of high-carbon firms takes on a "U" shape due to product quality. Once the product quality exceeds the bottleneck value of 0.5956, the policy significantly increases the bargaining power of products. The study confirms that the establishment of carbon markets can effectively increase the bargaining power of superior products. These results offer a comprehensive theoretical and practical foundation for nations to advance the development of carbon markets and facilitate the achievement of sustainable development by high-carbon enterprises.
Investigation on uniaxial compression and fracture damage mode of prefabricated parallel double-jointed red sandstone
Authors: Xie Xiaojuan , Liu Zhanxin , Ding Kun , Xiao Yajun , Zhang Zhengqi
Published: June 2024

As a special type of joint fracture, the fracture evolution characteristics of parallel double joints have important engineering significance for the stability analysis of fractured rock mass. In this work, a new method for calculating stress intensity factor of parallel double-jointed fractures was importantly proposed. Physical uniaxial compression tests were carried out on parallel double jointed red sandstone filled with cement mortar under different geometric parameters, and the macroscopic mechanical properties and failure characteristics of red sandstone are deeply analyzed. The results show that the larger the connectivity rate is, the smaller the peak stress and strain are. The increase of connectivity rate will affect the change rate of transverse strain in the center of rock bridge. The closer the dip angle of the joint is, the lower the peak stress is and the shorter the failure time is. The damage mode of joint tip encroachment affects the lateral displacement of the rock bridge center, and the displacement is always close to the first damage section. The closer the joint tip is to the load, the easier the end-face penetrating cracks occur. The research content can provide basic support for guaranteeing the stability of underground engineering rock mass.
Rice powder template for hausmannite Mn3O4 nanoparticles and its application to aqueous zinc ion battery
Authors: Tonu Nusrat Tazeen , Ahamed Parbhej , Yousuf Mohammad Abu
Published: June 2024

In this study, a simple calcination route was adopted to prepare hausmannite Mn3O4 nanoparticles using rice powder as soft bio-template. Prepared Mn3O4 was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Solid state UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. Mn-O stretching in tetrahedral site was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectra. % of Mn and O content supported Mn3O4 formation. The crystallinity and grain size was found to be 68.76% and 16.43 nm, respectively; tetragonal crystal system was also cleared by XRD. TEM clarified the planes of crystal formed which supported the XRD results and BET demonstrated mesoporous nature of prepared Mn3O4 having low pore volume. Low optical band gap of 3.24 eV of prepared Mn3O4 nanoparticles indicated semiconductor property and was used as cathode material to fabricate CR-2032 coin cell of Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Ion Battery (ARZIB). A reversible cyclic voltammogram (CV) showed good zinc ion storage performance. Low cell resistance was confirmed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The coin cell delivered high specific discharge capacity of 240.75 mAhg-1 at 0.1 Ag-1 current density. The coulombic efficiency was found to be 99.98%. It also delivered excellent capacity retention 94.45% and 64.81% after 300 and 1000 charge-discharge cycles, respectively. This work offers a facile and cost effective approach for preparing cathode material of ARZIBs.
Dissecting positive selection events and immunological drives during the evolution of adeno-associated virus lineages
Authors: Li Lirong , Qin Runkuan , Liu Yunbo , Tseng Yu-Shan , Zhang Weihan , Yu Lin , Mietzsch Mario , Zou Xinkai , Liu Haizhou , Lu Guangwen , Hu Hongbo , Mckenna Robert , Yang Jinliang , Wei Yuquan , Agbandje-Mckenna Mavis , Hu Jiankun , Yang Lin
Published: June 2024

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes from primates are being developed and clinically used as vectors for human gene therapy. However, the evolutionary mechanism of AAV variants is far from being understood, except that genetic recombination plays an important role. Furthermore, little is known about the interaction between AAV and its natural hosts, human and nonhuman primates. In this study, natural AAV capsid genes were subjected to systemic evolutionary analysis with a focus on selection drives during the diversification of AAV lineages. A number of positively selected sites were identified from these AAV lineages with functional relevance implied by their localization on the AAV structures. The selection drives of the two AAV2 capsid sites were further investigated in a series of biological experiments. These observations did not support the evolution of the site 410 of the AAV2 capsid driven by selection pressure from the human CD4+ T-cell response. However, positive selection on site 548 of the AAV2 capsid was directly related to host humoral immunity because of the profound effects of mutations at this site on the immune evasion of AAV variants from human neutralizing antibodies at both the individual and population levels. Overall, this work provides a novel interpretation of the genetic diversity and evolution of AAV lineages in their natural hosts, which may contribute to their further engineering and application in human gene therapy.
Chlamydia trachomatis induces disassembly of the primary cilium to promote the intracellular infection
Authors: Ekka Roseleen , Gutierrez Abraham , Johnson Kirsten A. , Tan Ming , Sütterlin Christine
Published: June 2024

Chlamydia trachomatis is a clinically important bacterium that infects epithelial cells of the genitourinary and respiratory tracts and the eye. These differentiated cells are in a quiescent growth state and have a surface organelle called a primary cilium, but the standard Chlamydia cell culture infection model uses cycling cells that lack primary cilia. To investigate if these differences are relevant, we performed infections with host cells that have a primary cilium. We found that C. trachomatis caused progressive loss of the primary cilium that was prevented by disrupting Aurora A (AurA), HDAC6 or calmodulin, which are components of the cellular cilia disassembly pathway. Stabilization of the primary cilium by targeting this pathway caused a large reduction in infectious progeny although there were no changes in chlamydial inclusion growth, chlamydial replication or the ultrastructural appearance of dividing and infectious forms (RBs and EBs, respectively). Thus, the presence of a primary cilium interfered with the production of infectious EBs at a late step in the developmental cycle. C. trachomatis infection also induced quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle, as detected by EdU incorporation in S-phase, and Chlamydia-induced cilia disassembly was necessary for cell cycle re-entry. This study therefore describes a novel host-pathogen interaction in which the primary cilium limits a productive Chlamydia infection, and the bacterium counteracts this host cell defense by activating the cellular cilia disassembly pathway.
Automatic Detection System for Brain Tumor Through Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Shalash Jarah
Published: June 2024

A tumor is an abnormal growth of harmful cells that increases intracranial pressure in the skull. Automatic tumor detection using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This study employs discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction and feature reduction, respectively. The classification utilizes a kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) which is trained and tested on new MRI brain images. The proposed method's effectiveness is demonstrated through comparisons with different kernels.
Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
Authors: Singh Sarika , Arya Sandeep K. , Singla Shelly , Berwal Pulkit
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the performance analysis of different schemes for generating linearized photonic signal by varying phase shifter arrangements of a dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DD-DPMZM). The RF signals at the electrodes of sub-modulators of DD-DPMZM are fed using different phase angles to generate optically modulated signals in the output. The proposed system consists of a DD-DPMZM and phase shifters. Spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is evaluated for different configurations of sub modulators in upper and lower arm of DD-DPMZM. SFDR of 135.6 dB Hz4/5 is obtained for quadrature and optical carrier suppression modulation in upper and lower submodulators by suppressing third order intermodulation distortion completely. It is found to be high performance configuration for dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator based linear microwave photonic link.
Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
Authors: Calabrese Vittorio , Wenzel Uwe , Piccoli Tommaso , Jacob Ursula M. , Nicolosi Lidia , Fazzolari Giovanni , Failla Gabriella , Fritsch Tilman , Osakabe Naomi , Calabrese Edward J.
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production at a moderate physiological level plays a fundamental role in the anti-aging signaling, due to their action as redox-active sensors for the maintenance of optimal mitochondrial balance between intracellular energy status and hormetic nutrients. Iron regulatory protein dysregulation, systematically increased iron levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the consequent oxidative stress are recognized to underlie the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Central to their pathogenesis, Nrf2 signaling dysfunction occurs with disruption of metabolic homeostasis. We highlight the potential therapeutic importance of nutritional polyphenols as substantive regulators of the Nrf2 pathway. Here, we discuss the common mechanisms targeting the Nrf2/vitagene pathway, as novel therapeutic strategies to minimize consequences of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, generally associated to cognitive dysfunction, and demonstrate its key neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory properties, summarizing pharmacotherapeutic aspects relevant to brain pathophysiology.
Field investigation of component failures for selected farm machinery used in small rice farming operations
Authors: Paman Ujang , Khairizal  , Sutriana Selvia
Published: June 2024

Failure of farm machinery components is an undesirable event that often occurs during field operations and becomes a crucial problem facing rice farmers in Riau Province. The purpose of the research is to investigate the component type and failure frequency and find out the root causes of the component failures for selected farm machinery used by small rice farmers. The survey was carried out in three regencies of the province namely Kampar, Siak, and Indragiri Hulu from June to July 2022. The data were collected from personally interviewing 30 machine operators and 10 mechanics. Five types of farm machinery were selected for study, including mouldboard plows, rotary tillers, four-wheel tractors, rice transplanters, and combine harvesters. The machines have often experienced breakdowns on the field due to the failure of one or more components/parts. Mouldboard plows had the most component failures with 137 cases, followed by rotary tillers with 85 cases, and four-wheel tractors with 57 cases. There were 34 and 43 cases of component failures for rice transplanters and combine harvesters, respectively. The root causes of component failures were poor field conditions (30%), ignoring maintenance (22%), intensive use of machinery (21%), improper storage (14%), and unskilled operators (13%). The results recommend that machine operators must keep the work area clean before beginning operation, conduct regular maintenance, store farm machines inside and keep them clean from dust and filth, have the necessary training and experience to help reduce failures, and run their machines precisely at the maximum power levels to prevent needless strain and early failure.
Measuring pain intensity through physical interaction in an experimental model of cold-induced pain: A method comparison study
Authors: Rotevatn Elisabeth Ørskov , Engan Mette , Stensaker Emilie , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Rygh Lars Jørgen
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Assessment of pain is challenging given its subjective nature. Standard pain assessment tools have limitations. We aimed to compare the verbal numeric rating scale (NRS) and Grasp, a novel handheld electronic device that reports pain by squeezing.

Methods

To compare Grasp and NRS, healthy adult volunteers were invited to undergo two subsequent standardised tests of cold-triggered pain using a cold pressor test (CPT) at a temperature of 3°C. Pain intensity was in a randomised manner reported by NRS (scale 0–10) or by squeezing Grasp (0–3 V) during the two CPTs. A third CPT was performed 1 to 14 days later where subjects reported pain by Grasp a second time in order to study the association of repeated Grasp measurements. Acceptable association was a priori considered as mean Kendall’s τ−b coefficient (τ−b) ≥ 0.7. The subjects reported their experience of using Grasp in a purpose-made questionnaire.

Results

In total, 102 subjects were included, and 96 subjects (56 females) completed all three tests. The association of pain intensity reported by Grasp and NRS was moderate with a mean τ−b of 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.58). The association between the repeated Grasp measurements was weak with a mean τ−b of 0.43 (95% CI 0.37–0.48). Most subjects reported that Grasp was intuitive and easy to use.

Conclusions

Pain intensity reported by squeezing Grasp did not show acceptable association with pain intensity reported by NRS during CPTs. The association between pain intensity reported by Grasp during two CPTs on separate days was weak. Further improvements of the Grasp ball are needed before use in clinical settings.
Die Matrix der vier Limitationstypen in der Fabrikplanung
Authors: Erlach Klaus , Berchtold Marc-André , Kaucher Christian
Published: June 2024

In the course of a factory planning process, various limitations occur that can influence a factory concept. These are often summarized under the terms ‘constraints’, ‘limitations’, ‘restrictions’, and ‘requirements’ without a clear definition, but they are by no means synonyms. This article makes a classification into the four types: ‘strategic conditions’, ‘constraints’, ‘equipment restrictions’, and ‘building and site restrictions’. The limitation types are differentiated according to their character – material and immaterial – and their origin – intrinsic and extrinsic. This distinction not only serves to clarify the understanding of the terms, but also to integrate them into the planning process.
Bereit für die Digitale Transformation?
Authors: Dommermuth Maximilian
Published: June 2024

The ongoing digital transformation is increasing the need for lifelong learning. Todays rigid and long-term oriented competence management approaches cannot keep the current neither the future pace of change within the world of work, resulting in a loss of competitiveness and todays significant skill gaps. This article describes existing learning needs within the industry and a new approach that enables application and target-oriented learning for Industry 4.0.
Greetings from “Hungarian Pittsburgh”. Resicza on picture postcards between 1898 and 1918
Authors: Fata Márta
Published: June 2024

The illustrated postcard as a new medium, which spread rapidly in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from 1880 onwards, was not only used for faster communication. It was also a means of self-representation for the communities, which were called upon to visually express and consolidate their self-narrative both internally and externally. In Resicza, one of the largest industrial centers of the Kingdom of Hungary, the smokestacks, industrial plants and machines of the StEG Company became the identity-creating landmark of the small town. The postcards of Resicza that were published and circulated until the end of the First World War prove the importance of the StEG Company as one of the central places of representation of high industrialization and modernity in the collective perception. At the same time, the more village-like small town, actually an appendage of the StEG, attempted to statify the growing aestheric demands of an urban culture by means of image montage.
Die Herausbildung des Geldinstitutsnetzes während des österreich-unga- rischen Dualismus im Komitat Somogy (Schomodei)
Authors: Halász Imre
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study: In Somogy County, lying between Lake Balaton and the River Drava in the central part of Historic Hungary, the capitalist economy made a late start in the 1860s. The contemporary publications describing the economy of the region mainly dealt with agriculture and industry, and only occasionally did they provide information on the development of a network of capitalist financial institutions. The present study covers the period from the beginnings to the crisis of 1873. Applied methods: Besides the analyses published so far, the main sources of information included the contemporary press and the balance sheet data published for the first business year of 1872 and for 1873. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity and nature of source materials, several intriguing questions such as the composition of shareholders, the catchment area of the savings bank, and financial problems unrevealed by the balance sheets if any remain unanswered for the time being. Outcomes: In the capitalising Somogy County, the first saving bank was founded in the county seat, Kaposvár, in 1864, followed by four others (in Csurgó, Marcali, Nagyatád and Szigetvár) and a credit institution (in Kaposvár) within the following decade. All the latter banks were established in district seats developing into regional economic centres. Two tiers of the financial market emerged. One comprising six aid societies providing short term, small amount loans. Lacking the ability to grant full scale financial services, these aid societies were not categorised as financial institutions by law. The savings banks established at a higher level of economic development constituted the next tier. At the time, they dealt with the three classical lines of business, i.e. commercial draft discounting, deposit taking and mortgage lending, and developed successfully and rapidly. No well capitalised bank belonging to the third or top tier was created in Somogy County during the studied period.
The history of the Neptun Sea Navigation Company (1933–1947)
Authors: Pelles Márton
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study: The purpose of this article is to present the operation and history of Neptun Sea Navigation Company. This shipping company was the first in Hungary to attempt, in addition to ocean shipping, to connect Danube and sea shipping, which was ultimately successful, but financially unprofitable. Applied methods: During the research, I compared archival data and findings from the literature, processing the recollections of private collectors and eyewitnesses. Outcomes: The study presents in detail the economic operation, profit and loss of the Neptun company, the composition of the shareholders, the company's fleet and the routes of the ships.
Affaires de succession de la justice seigneuriale de Pécsvárad dans les années de 1830
Authors: Borsy Judit
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. To examine to what extent the operation of the Pécsvárad manor court served the interests of the peasants living in the manor, and to what extent it was necessary to abolish it by the provisions of Article 4 of Act IX of 1848. Applied methods. We have examined the records and related documents of the district’s fiscal and manor court of the Pécsvárad public foundation in the 1830s, which are concerning the inheritance of the peasants. The background of the individual judgments was studied in István Werbőczy’s Tripartitum and especially in the laws of 1836. In addition to the literature on the Hungarian manor court we also reviewed studies on the French manor court. Outcomes. The Pécsvárad manor court met relatively often, with one third of the cases heard being inheritance cases. In examining the most common type of property cases, the arguments of both plaintiffs and defendants gave us an insight into the thinking of the time. The judgments in succession cases showed that the manorial and county officers presiding over the manor court investigated each case carefully, rendered an impartial decision and had the manorial officer, who was familiar with local conditions, to see that it was carried out. A study of the cases of the Pécsvárad manor court raises the need for a more nuanced assessment of the operation of the manor court and, as has been said in French literature, its rehabilitation.
Elections in one Hungarian county in the period of expanding political pub- licity and participation. Career paths in the county administration, 1806– 1830.
Authors: kovács Dániel László
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. In the present work, I explore the career paths of public servants from a long-neglected but controversial period in Hungarian historiography. The study of the personnel of the county administration can easily seem to be autotelic, but with the right questions we can reflect not only on national but also on continental processes. The turn of the 18th and 19th centuries was a period of significant structural change at European level, the emergence of the public sphere, its consolidation and institutionalization. Applied methods. My main goal to reconstruct the magistrate elections and career paths of county officials in one Hungarian county (Somogy). The analysis focuses on the career experience of various officials. In my data collection covering the elections between 1806 and 1830, I recorded and examined a total of 292 obtainment of office. Outcomes. The impact of the structural changes is clearly visible in the county world, where the shortage of officials was replaced by an over-application. With the increase of new recruits, the daily-paid honorary functionaries became permanent auxiliary posts in Somogy, creating a new entry level for administration.
Accusations against Lajos Esztergár by Pécs Residents before the Post- World War II Verification Committee
Authors: Dénes Csaba
Published: June 2024

Lajos Esztergár has a dubious reputation for his role in World War II. He was mayor of the city of Pécs when about 6,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz. When considering the issue of his responsibility, it is common to discuss his trial in the People's Court, where the court acquitted him of the charges, even if he was morally condemned in the judgment. Historians have so far made little use of the proceedings of the Verification Committee, which also affected Esztergár after the World War in many cases. One reason for this is that we cannot speak about independent decisions in the case of Verification Committees. However, the documents that we have from the proceedings are important information and clues, if not full answers, for the investigation of the former mayor of Pécs. In this article, I examine Esztergár's responsibility in the light of the Verification Committee documents.
Der Sequester der jüdischen Geschäfte und Betriebe in Kaposvár nach der deutschen Besatzung
Authors: Győrfi Gergely
Published: June 2024

Der Zweck der Studie. Die Geschichte der Juden, die einmal in Kaposvár gelebt haben wohl aktenmässig. Zahlreiche Monographien wurden über ihre Geschichte geschrieben und derzeit gibt es mehrere Forschungen, die sich mit ihrer Geschichte beschäftigen. Die Historiker haben die lokale jüdische Gemeinschaft der umfassenden Geschichte geschrieben und natürlich haben die deutsche Besatzung und die nächsten Vorfälle der Monate die Aufmerksamkeit der Geschichtswissenschaftler nicht gemieden. Meine Studie fokussiert auch auf diese Epoche aber die untersucht anderen Aspekte als die früheren Forschungen. Mein Essay präsentiert die Entrechtung der jüdischen Unternehmer und der Sequester, der an ihre Geschäfte und Betriebe hat angegangen. Ich investigiere der Umstand der Konfiszierung und des Sequesters, sowie die Zuweisung ihrer Grundstücke für lokalen christlichen Unternehmer. In erster Linie suche ich nach den Antworten für nächste Fragen: wer Gesuch für die jüdischen Geschäfte und Betriebe eingelegt hatte; welche Motivationen die hatten; wie die Konfiszierung geschehen ist und wie die Behörden Entscheidung getroffen hatten. Die Studie setzt große Aufmerksamkeit zu den gültigen Gesetzen und Verordnungen und ihre praktische Ausführung. Anwendende Methode. Die Studie beruht grundlegend auf archivarischen Quellen, die im lokalen Archiv gesucht werden (Ungarische Nationalarchiv, Komitat Somogy Archiv). Ich benutze die Dokumente, die der Vizegespan (alispán) und die lokale Selbstverwaltung bearbeitet haben. Natürlich habe ich nächst die primären Quellen relevanter Monographien und Studien aufgewandt. In meinem Essay setzt thematischer Aufbau durch, so Geschichte der jüdischen Geschäfte und Betriebe werden präsentiert im abgesetzten Kapitel. Ergebnisse. Dank meiner Studie erhielt der Reader ein umfassendes Resümee über der Geschichte der jüdischen Geschäfte und Betriebe, die in der Stadt funktioniert haben, wenn deutsche Armee angekommen ist. Mein Essay berichtet über die Gesetze und Verordnungen, die nach der deutschen Okkupation eingeführt haben und sie haben auf jüdische Staatsbürger bezogen die Unternehmer waren. Zusätzlich präsentiert meine Studie diese Gesetze und Verordnungen des Effektes auf die Wirtschaft der Stadt, so es wird kenntlich, dass diese Veranlassung antisemitische Schaden angereicht haben, wenn die Antwort ja ist, wie groß diese Schade waren, welche Veranlassungen die kompetenten Ämter gefasst haben um die spruchreifen Zustände zu konsolidieren.
Trauma in Neonatal Acute Brain Slices Alters Calcium and Network Dynamics and Causes Calpain-Mediated Cell Death
Authors: Suryavanshi Pratyush , Baule Samuel , Glykys Joseph
Published: June 2024

Preparing acute brain slices produces trauma that mimics severe penetrating brain injury. In neonatal acute brain slices, the spatiotemporal characteristics of trauma-induced calcium dynamics in neurons and its effect on network activity are relatively unknown. Using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy of the somatosensory neocortex in acute neonatal mouse brain slices (P8–12), we simultaneously imaged neuronal Ca2+dynamics (GCaMP6s) and cytotoxicity (propidium iodide or PI) to determine the relationship between cytotoxic Ca2+loaded neurons (GCaMP-filled) and cell viability at different depths and incubation times. PI+cells and GCaMP-filled neurons were abundant at the surface of the slices, with an exponential decrease with depth. Regions with high PI+cells correlated with elevated neuronal and neuropil Ca2+. The number of PI+cells and GCaMP-filled neurons increased with prolonged incubation. GCaMP-filled neurons did not participate in stimulus-evoked or seizure-evoked network activity. Significantly, the superficial tissue, with a higher degree of trauma-induced injury, showed attenuated seizure-related neuronal Ca2+responses. Calpain inhibition prevented the increase in PI+cells and GCaMP-filled neurons in the deep tissue and during prolonged incubation times. Isoform-specific pharmacological inhibition implicated calpain-2 as a significant contributor to trauma-induced injury in acute slices. Our results show a calpain-mediated spatiotemporal relationship between cell death and aberrant neuronal Ca2+load in acute neonatal brain slices. Also, we demonstrate that neurons in acute brain slices exhibit altered physiology depending on the degree of trauma-induced injury. Blocking calpains may be a therapeutic option to prevent acute neuronal death during traumatic brain injury in the young brain.
Processing Language Partly Shares Neural Genetic Basis with Processing Tools and Body Parts
Authors: Wen Haojie , Wang Dahui , Bi Yanchao
Published: June 2024

Language is an evolutionarily salient faculty for humans that relies on a distributed brain network spanning across frontal, temporal, parietal, and subcortical regions. To understand whether the complex language network shares common or distinct genetic mechanisms, we examined the relationships between the genetic effects underlying the brain responses to language and a set of object domains that have been suggested to coevolve with language: tools, faces (indicating social), and body parts (indicating social and gesturing). Analyzing the twin datasets released by the Human Connectome Project that had functional magnetic resonance imaging data from human twin subjects (monozygotic and dizygotic) undergoing language and working memory tasks contrasting multiple object domains (198 females and 144 males for the language task; 192 females and 142 males for the working memory task), we identified a set of cortical regions in the frontal and temporal cortices and subcortical regions whose activity to language was significantly genetically influenced. The heterogeneity of the genetic effects among these language clusters was corroborated by significant differences of the human gene expression profiles (Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset). Among them, the bilateral basal ganglia (mainly dorsal caudate) exhibited a common genetic basis for language, tool, and body part processing, and the right superior temporal gyrus exhibited a common genetic basis for language and tool processing across multiple types of analyses. These results uncovered the heterogeneous genetic patterns of language neural processes, shedding light on the evolution of language and its shared origins with tools and bodily functions.
Persistent Interruption in Parvalbumin-Positive Inhibitory Interneurons: Biophysical and Mathematical Mechanisms
Authors: Upchurch Carol M. , Knowlton Christopher J. , Chamberland Simon , Canavier Carmen C.
Published: June 2024

Persistent activity in excitatory pyramidal cells (PYRs) is a putative mechanism for maintaining memory traces during working memory. We have recently demonstrated persistent interruption of firing in fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs), a phenomenon that could serve as a substrate for persistent activity in PYRs through disinhibition lasting hundreds of milliseconds. Here, we find that hippocampal CA1 PV-INs exhibit type 2 excitability, like striatal and neocortical PV-INs. Modeling and mathematical analysis showed that the slowly inactivating potassium current KV1 contributes to type 2 excitability, enables the multiple firing regimes observed experimentally in PV-INs, and provides a mechanism for robust persistent interruption of firing. Using a fast/slow separation of times scales approach with the KV1 inactivation variable as a bifurcation parameter shows that the initial inhibitory stimulus stops repetitive firing by moving the membrane potential trajectory onto a coexisting stable fixed point corresponding to a nonspiking quiescent state. As KV1 inactivation decays, the trajectory follows the branch of stable fixed points until it crosses a subcritical Hopf bifurcation (HB) and then spirals out into repetitive firing. In a model describing entorhinal cortical PV-INs without KV1, interruption of firing could be achieved by taking advantage of the bistability inherent in type 2 excitability based on a subcritical HB, but the interruption was not robust to noise. Persistent interruption of firing is therefore broadly applicable to PV-INs in different brain regions but is only made robust to noise in the presence of a slow variable, KV1 inactivation.
The Determinants of Education-Job Matching for Portuguese Graduates
Authors: Olo Daniela , Correia Leonida , Rego Conceição , Rebelo João
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with the determinants of education-job match for higher-education graduates, using a logistic regression model to identify explanatory variables related to sociodemographic, academic trajectory and institutional characteristics. The empirical analysis is based on an anonymous online questionnaire administered to a sample of graduates, from 2014 to 2019, in Portuguese institutions, of which about five hundred observations were made. Although the boundaries between universities and polytechnics are less obvious today, there are still some differences between the two higher-education subsystems regarding education-job match. The main ones are related to the field of study, gender, and the need to move away from home to study and work. Factors that improve the probability of education-job matching, common to both subsystems, were also found, such as having i) studied ‘social sciences, commerce, and law’ and ‘engineering, manufacturing and construction’, ii) attained good final grades, and iii) participated in extracurricular activities involving complementary training.
Futuristic cuisine as the model of futuristic worldview
Authors: Reha Danylo
Published: June 2024

Aim. The article deals with the one of the models of the futuristic worldview, namely the futuristic cuisine. Methods. During our research were used the historical criticism and the principles of the cultural-historical school. Results. As the result of our research were translated the main postulates from the book by F. T. Marinetti’s «La cucina futurista» («The Futurist Cookbook», 1932) and were analyzed the main approaches to create futuristic cuisine as one of the models of the futuristic worldview. Scientific novelty. For the first time was made the Ukrainian translation of the text by F. T. Marinetti’s «La cucina futurista» («The Futurist Cookbook») (1932), as well as researched futuristic cuisine from the position of a formative model of the futuristic worldview. The practical significance. This article can be used for further research into the history and theory of futurism. Scientific research results can be used in various scientific projects.
Actividad física, maduración biológica y salud ósea en función de la condición socioeconómica en escolares colombianos
Authors: Gómez-Rodas Alejandro , Vidarte Claros José Armando , Patiño-Palma Brayan Esneider
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Several studies describe the different benefits of physical activity in children and adolescents. Indeed, when a deficit of physical activity is evident in these age groups, there is a concomitant increase in metabolic and metabolic disorders. Objective: to analyze the patterns of physical activity, biological maturation and bone mineral content in Colombian schoolchildren between 8 and 16 years of age according to the socioeconomic status to which they belong. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a correlational scope, which included a representative sample of Colombian schoolchildren between 8 and 16 years of age, who were assessed for their level of physical activity through the PAQ-C, also, different anthropometric measurements are evaluated and indirectly the peak growth velocity (PSV) and bone mineral density (BMD) are prolonged. Results: a total of 2147 schoolchildren were evaluated, of which 56.7% belonged to educational institutions of the public system, statistically significant associations were found between sex and socioeconomic status with the level of physical activity and the other study variables. Conclusion: It can be concluded that physical activity, biological maturation and bone health are closely related to socioeconomic status in Colombian schoolchildren, which allows early diagnoses and decision-making regarding educational and public health programs and strategies.
Die Rechtsgrundlage des Digital Markets Act – Die Entscheidung für Art. 114 AEUV und ihre Folgen für die Auslegung der Verordnung
Authors: Drouet Malte , Ende Christian
Published: June 2024

Der DMA wurde auf die Rechtsgrundlage Art. 114 AEUV gestützt, was im Schrifttum einige Zweifel aufgeworfen hat. Diese begründen sich vor allem dadurch, dass mit Art. 103 AEUV eine Rechtsgrundlage existiert, die es bereits ermöglicht, kartellrechtliche Vorschriften zu erlassen. Da der DMA einen klaren wettbewerblichen Einschlag aufweist, hätte er womöglich hierauf gestützt werden müssen. In jedem Fall hat die Wahl der Rechtsgrundlage Auswirkungen auf die Auslegung der Verordnung. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Rechtmäßigkeit der gewählten Rechtsgrundlage und deren Folgen für die Auslegung des DMA, insbesondere mit Blick auf seine Beziehung zu mitgliedstaatlichen Regeln, sowie mögliche alternative Rechtsgrundlagen.
A Dictionary of locutons from liturgical books by protopriest A. I. Nevostruev
Authors: Davydenkova Maria , Kaluzhnina Nadezhda , Strievskaya Maria , Strievskaya Olga
Published: June 2024

The “Dictionary of Locutions from Liturgical Books” by Protopriest A. Nevostruev, completed in the middle of the 19th century and never published, can be regarded both as a significant achievement of Church Slavonic studies and as a valuable lexicographic source. The manuscript is kept in the Russian State Library. The decrepit state of the manuscript has determined the necessity of its urgent study and edition. The significance of this project is primarily due to the fact that the text of the dictionary is being made accessible to linguists for the first time. The orthography and grammar of the dictionary reflect the linguistic views of the time of its creation and can be of interest for those who study the history of Russian linguistics. This paper contains the fourth part of dictionary entries beginning in letter P. The characteristic features of the publication of this Dictionary, the lists of sources, abbreviations and symbols were described in detail in the previous issues of St. Tikhon’s University Review. All previously published parts of the Dictionary together with the critical apparatus can be found at the website of St. Tikhon’s University for the Humanities
Reception of the old Icelandic literature in the Icelandic poetry of the 1990s — 2020s
Authors: Markelova Olga
Published: June 2024

The reception of Old Icelandic literature in the Icelandic poetry of the 1990-2020ies is to be found mainly in its' contents. Contemporary Icelandic poets seek mostly to the well-known sagas of Icelanders or mythological songs of the Elder Edda. There are events, characters and winged words of the Old Icelandic texts, that become the objects of the reception. There can be several approaches to that materail: 1) drawing“ the ancient text near to the modern time by means of its' psychologization; 2) reassuming it as a precedential text for some universal situations; 3) ironical attitude to the ancient text and parodizing it (actually, not so much the text itself, as its' hugh status in the modern culture); 4) using the Old Icelandic text as a starting point for the poet's personal associations. All of these approaches can be obsereved during the whole period examined, but in length of time the ironical approach is being reduced, and the psycologizing and the universalizing one become more wide-spread; partly it is related to the fact, that the young generations of poets appear.
Why John Mandeville’s "Travel book" was written?
Authors: Togoeva Olga
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the “Travel Book” which was written by John Mandeville in the middle of the 14th century and remained extremely popular over the next few centuries. The author of the article describes the handwritten and the first-printed traditions of the existence of the “Book”, dwells on the circumstances of its origin, on the problem of its authorship and on the content of its two parts. Based on the analysis of numerous miracles, both quite real and fictional, which John Mandeville mentions while describing his adventures in the Middle East, Africa, Asia and distant exotic countries, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the “Travel Book” was not a typical medieval travelogue, but it rather belonged to the genre of didactic literature. John Mandeville tried to teach his contemporaries a lesson about what it means to be a true Christian, how a person can approach the Lord and His plan for creating everything on earth, what ideas and values ру should share at the same time. In particular, Mandeville constantly returns to the idea of a new Crusade, which remained extremely popular in the middle of the 14th century, but he criticizes it on the grounds that Europeans should not plan to conquer foreign lands (even the Holy Land) without solving their own internal, primarily moral, problems.
Features of students’ mental state, coping behaviour and their relationship in a situation of dramatic social changes
Authors: Andreeva Mariya , Baranov Alexander , Novgorodova Julia
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the mental state, self-regulation, coping strategies and the interrelationships between them among university students during the period of drastic social changes that occurred in the winter and spring of 2022 and continue to influence people's lives at the present time. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to implement support for boys and girls to ensure their effective solution of life tasks and further progressive development against the background of modern social challenges. 86 full-time undergraduate students took part in it. The results of the study showed that the tension, comfort, and level of subjective well-being of students are in the middle range, but boys and girls need emotional support from others and assistance in processing unpleasant experiences. Through a rich set of coping strategies (planning, positive reformulation and personal growth, active coping, search for emotional social support, acceptance, concentration on emotions and their active expression), young people search for opportunities for self-realization in a situation of drastic social changes. Positive reformulation and personal growth, active coping, suppression of competing activities, and the search for emotional social support allow boys and girls to maintain a high level of subjective well-being and a positive attitude, while avoiding problems and denial leads to the opposite result. Interest plays the role of a motivational resource for the effective adaptation of young people, and emotional tone provides the energy level necessary for processing unpleasant emotions and carrying out constructive actions in difficult circumstances.
Hypoxic convulsions induced by adult respiratory distress syndrome in Covid-19 patient
Authors: Charach Lior , Maor Lida , Galin Leonid , Kaye Irit , Agbaria Muhamad , Bleichman Netali , Grossman Lior , Karniel Eli , Peleg Daniel , Charach Gideon , Zusmanovitch Lior
Published: June 2024

Covid 19 is one of the major infections that primarily attacks the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms at onset of COVID-19 illness are temperature, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and diarrhea. In severe cases, patients may develop severe pneumonia - often billateral, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure including perimyocarditis. Hypoxic convulsions is a rare finding, however it is associated with very dangerous disease and poor prognosis. This current report presents severe Covid-19 patient with ARDS and severe hypoxia accompanied with hypoxic seizures after exclusion of meningoencephalitis and other possible etiologies for epileptic attack.
Medical use of finererone in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Severino Rafael Silva
Published: June 2024

Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the factors that contributes significantly to the complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Excess glucose causes an imbalance in cellular oxidation/reduction reactions, as well as systemic inflammation and inflammation in the renal parenchyma, playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, which today is the main reason for dialysis (hemodialysis/peritoneal) in the world. The pathogenesis of the disease is a difficult process to understand and is integrated with other organic and systematic factors; despite the different mechanisms involved in diabetes mellitus-related kidney damage, the biochemical and cellular mechanisms involving the oxidative and inflammatory pathways are widely recognized by science. There is evidence that the persistent state of hyperglycemia triggers oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by deregulated metabolic pathways, in a cycle that repeats itself, promoting the progression of cell damage and kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an extremely serious condition that is often underdiagnosed. It is one of the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes. More than 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus develop CKD. Despite the existence of therapies recommended by the guidelines, patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes have a high risk of CKD progression and cardiovascular events with unfavorable outcomes. It is estimated that CKD affects more than 160 million people with diabetes worldwide. Chronic kidney disease resulting from type 2 diabetes is one of the main causes of advanced kidney disease, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. For these reasons, science has set itself the goal of conducting serious and impactful studies into the evolution of kidney disease, in which the key points are the use of drugs aimed at reducing the severity and the rapid natural history of the disease, which as a rule evolves into outcomes that are not always favorable to the patient. Many scientific studies have advanced in this century with an important impact on medicine, such as the FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD studies, which seriously analyzes the impact and relevance of the use of mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists, specifically finerenone, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.