bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Квантовая модификация алгоритма пресноводных гидр для решения задачи оптимизации
Authors: Королев Станислав Анатольевич , Майков Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: August 2020

Одним из этапов решения ряда задач математического моделирования является поиск точки, в которой некоторая функция нескольких переменных достигает наибольшего или наименьшего значения. Эта функция, как правило, имеет высокую размерность и множество локальных экстремумов. Подобная задача успешно решается популяционными алгоритмами оптимизации, например, алгоритмом роя частиц, алгоритмом пресноводных гидр и другими. Целью работы являлось совершенствование алгоритма пресноводных гидр (Н-алгоритма) с учетом представлений квантовой механики. Разработанные квантовые модификации данного алгоритма основаны на методе анализа иерархий (QH-AHP) и байесовском подходе (QH-B). Скорость сходимости квантовых модификаций выше, чем у исходного Н-алгоритма в связи с тем, что положение особей определяется напрямую, не оперируя их скоростями (в соответствии с представлениями квантовой механики). Вследствие этого, в течение одной итерации особи могут перемещаться на значительное расстояние, в результате чего увеличивается охват пространства поиска. Кроме того, данный подход позволяет особям успешнее преодолевать области притяжения локальных экстремумов, что препятствует преждевременной сходимости алгоритма. Найдены оптимальные значения параметров разработанных алгоритмов в результате решения задачи метаоптимизации. Сравнение скорости сходимости предложенных алгоритмов оптимизации выполнялось на примере различных многоэкстремальных тестовых функций: Розенброка, Дэвиса, Экли, Растригина. Предложенные квантовые модификации Н-алгоритма (QH-AHP и QH-B) для различных тестовых функций показали различную, но в среднем одинаковую скорость сходимости. Скорость сходимости квантовых модификаций алгоритмов для различных тестовых функций выше, чем у исходного алгоритма пресноводных гидр и алгоритма роя частиц. Разработанные алгоритмы решения задачи оптимизации могут быть использованы при обучении нейронных сетей, при математическом моделировании процессов и систем в различных предметных областях на этапе идентификации параметров модели, оптимизации характеристик и построения оптимального управления такими системами и т. д.
Выбор вариантов функционирования гетерогенных систем безопасности
Authors: Меньших Валерий Владимирович , Спиридонова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: August 2020

В работе рассматривается гетерогенная система безопасности, элементами которой являются силы и средства взаимодействующих между собой правоохранительных органов. Основная задача для данной системы состоит в раскрытии, предупреждении и пресечении преступлений, в том числе преступлений против общественной безопасности и общественного порядка. Для решения указанной задачи правоохранительными органами осуществляется мониторинг оперативной обстановки в регионе, а также контроль за различными типами объектов. Однако в случае возникновения чрезвычайных ситуаций, массовых беспорядков и/или других дестабилизирующих факторов, текущее распределение сил и средств может оказаться неэффективным. В этом случае необходим поиск наиболее оптимального распределения имеющихся сил и средств по охраняемым объектам, с учетом сложившейся обстановки в конкретном регионе. С этой целью осуществляется формализация задачи, включающая описание параметров, влияющих на оценку эффективности функционирования гетерогенной системы безопасности. На этой основе были получены модель оценки защищенности объектов в зависимости от выбора варианта обеспечения безопасности и модель оптимизации выбора вариантов функционирования гетерогенной системы безопасности. Для вариантов функционирования гетерогенной системы безопасности предусмотрено выполнение условия максимальной защищенности всех объектов, подлежащих охране. Разработанная модель представляет собой задачу нелинейного булева программирования большой размерности, что не позволяет использовать для нахождения решения точные методы. В связи с этим разработан численный метод решения поставленной задачи, основанный на принципе «жадных» алгоритмов и учитывающий особенности предметной области.
The effectiveness of content and language integrated learning-based teaching material in the topic of the nature of matter on scientific literacy
Authors: HELIAWATI Leny , RUBİNİ Bibin , FİRMAYANTO Rudi
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of teaching materials based on Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on scientific literacy on the topic of The Nature of Matter. Teaching material on this topic integrated the 4 pillars in CLIL, namely Content, Cognition, Communication and Culture. The scientific literacy measured in this study consisted of three aspects, namely explaining scientific phenomena, evaluating and designing scientific investigations, conducting data interpretation and scientific experiments. This study used an experimental method that was tested on 100 students in 3 schools that use English in chemistry learning. Student selection was done by purposive sampling. Data was collected through tests on students’ scientific literacy and students’ feedback questionnaires. The result of the analysis of N-Gain literacy percentage was 57%, it meant that this teaching material is quite effective in increasing student scientific literacy. Students’ responses to teaching materials were in the very good category. From this study, it can be concluded that CLIL-based teaching material in the topic of the nature of matter is effective on students’ scientific literacy.
The Pair Test - a computerised measure of learning and memory v3
Authors: Buck Sarah
Published: August 2020

The Pair Test offers improved diagnosis, with more precise indication on the nature of the memory deficit and the underlying processing impairment in patients with known or suspected pathology in the temporal lobe. The advantages of the Pair Test are 1) a balanced paradigm allowing comparison between verbal and non-verbal memory, 2) assessment of learning, delayed recall and recognition using one tool, 3) paired-associate learning tool to assess cognitive processes that are dependent on the hippocampal network, and 4) the use of a tablet-based application allowing controlled administration process and engaging approach to neuropsychological testing. The test provides behavioural evidence of the integrity of the hippocampi and its interaction with the neocortical learning system. Buck et al., (2020). The Pair Test: A computerised measure of learning and memory. Behavior Research Methods.
Effects of electrical neuromodulation on Craving, Relapse and Cognitive Functions among Patients with Cocaine Use Disorder: A Multi-Session tDCS Study v2
Authors: Verveer Ilse
Published: August 2020

Background: The use of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has previously shown promising results for reducing craving in cocaine use disorder. In this study we assessed therapeutic and behavioural effects of multi-session tDCS to further explore the potential of tDCS as add-on intervention in the treatment of cocaine use disorder. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, between subject study, we applied tDCS bilaterally with the anodal electrode targeting the right DLPFC (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03025321). Patients with cocaine use disorder were allocated to ten sessions of either active tDCS (n = 29) or sham tDCS (n = 30) on five consecutive days. Inhibitory control and risky decision-making were measured via a Go-NoGo task and a two-choice gambling task, respectively, each at baseline, one day after all tDCS sessions and a follow up after three months. In addition, relapse at follow-up and craving were measured. Results: There was no significant effect of active tDCS on the number of relapse days and craving. Relapse was frequent among patients who had received either active or sham tDCS (48.0% and 69.2%, respectively), despite an overall decrease in craving during the first two weeks of treatment. An additional analysis revealed that active tDCS significantly reduced relapse rates for crack cocaine use only (n = 36). No effects were found on cognitive functions. Conclusion: Although somewhat promising results were obtained regarding relapse among cocaine users, we believe that further research is required to consolidate the use of tDCS as a complementary treatment in cocaine use disorder.
Comparative efficacy of statin and antihypertensive agent combinations: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials v1
Authors: Bellos Ioannis
Published: August 2020

Hypertension and dyslipidemia often co-occur, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular mordbidity and mortality. Statins and antihypertensive agents are commonly simultaneously administered, although it remains unclear which drug combination provides the optimal balance between safety and efficacy. The present network meta-analysis aims to gather current literature in the field and provide a hiearchy of statin-antihypertensive drug combinations, aiming to identify the most effective one in terms of lipid and blood pressure lowering, without increasing the rates of adverse effects.
Permainan Bola Kecil Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini pada Kelompok B di TK Pertiwi DWP Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Nur Lutfi , Mulyana Edi Hendri , Perdana Muhammad Azhar
Published: August 2020

Gross motor development is one that needs to be considered by all parties, especially the elderly because of its urgency in the growth of early child development. Gross motor development when inhibited will affect the achievement of child maturity. Gross motor development is divided into 3 aspects namely Lokomotor basic motion, basic motion Non Lokomotor, and Manipulative basic motion. Problems found in Group B in TK Pertiwi DWP Tasikmalaya City still low Motorik Crude Child skills caused by learning that is still conventional that less touched the motor directly. This is shown from the observation of the achievement of gross motor skills as much as 0-2 children (0% - 14.28%). One way to improve Gross motor skills of early childhood Gross small ball games. The result of Gross Motor Skill Study in Group B in TK Pertiwi DWP Tasikmalaya showed that in cycle I, there was an increase of 3 - 5 children (21.42% - 35.71%). Cycle II action after reflection increased the achievement of the number of children for each indicator as much as 6 - 8 children (42.85% -57.14%). In the third cycle action there was an increase showing that as many as 10-12 children (71.42% - 85.71%) for each indicator. So with the results of small ball game research is considered successful able to improve the Gross motor skills of children in group B TK Pertiwi DWP Kota Tasikmalaya. Perkembangan motorik kasar merupakan salah satu yang perlu diperhatikan oleh semua pihak khususnya orang tua karena urgensinya dalam tumbuh kembang anak usia dini.Perkembangan motorik kasar ketika terhambat akan mempengaruhi terhadap pencapaian kematangan anak. Perkembangan motorik kasar terbagi menjadi 3 aspek yaitu gerak dasar Lokomotor, gerak dasar Non Lokomotor, dan gerak dasar Manipulatif. Masalah yang ditemukan pada Kelompok B di TK Pertiwi  DWP Kota Tasikmalaya masih rendahnya keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak yang disebabkan pembelajaran yang masih konvensional yang kurang menyentuh motorik secara langsung . Hal tersebut ditunjukan dari hasil observasi pencapaian keterampilan motorik kasar sebanyak 0 – 2 anak (0 % – 14,28 %).   Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan keterampilan motorik kasar anak usia dini melalui permainan bola kecil. Hasil penelitian Keterampilan Motorik Kasar pada kelompok B di TK Pertiwi DWP Kota Tasikmalaya  menunjukan pada tindakan siklus I terjadi peningkatan sebanyak 3 – 5 anak (21,42% - 35,71%). Tindakan Siklus II setelah melakukan refleksi terjadi peningkatan pencapaian jumlah anak untuk setiap indikatornya sebanyak 6 – 8 anak (42,85% -57,14%). Pada tindakan siklus III terjadi peningkatan yang menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 10 – 12 anak (71,42% - 85,71%) untuk setiap indikatornya. Sehingga dengan hasil tersebut penelitian permainan bola kecil dianggap berhasil mampu meningkatkan keterampilan motorik kasar anak pada kelompok B TK Pertiwi DWP Kota Tasikmalaya.
Penggunaan Metode Show and Tell untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Lestari Tri , Yasbiati Yasbiati , Mustika Bela Nurlaela
Published: August 2020

This action  research is based on the lack of communication skill in  young learner from TAAM HIDAYATULLAH. This problem is investigated through classroom research in teaching process in the classroom.The aim of this study is describing the things related to the use of show and tell method to incease young learner communication skill. The used methodology  in this rsearch is action research with four phases model by  Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. Every phases are consist of planning phase, action phase, observation phase and reflection phase. This research is conducted  by 11 young learners as the subject of this research study. The use of show and tell method enables to increase yung learners communication skill, that is from the children  aspect are able to do eye-contact, speak out clearly,  listen and respond appropiately.The result shows that the show and tell methodology can enhance the young learners communication skill. This result can be proved from the research that there is an increase amount 12, 1% in the phase Berkembang Sesuai Harapan(BSH) from 29,3% in the phase 1 becomes 41,4 % inthe phase 4 and also there is an increase in the phase Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB)from 0% in the phase 1 becomes 58,6% in the phase 4. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilatarbelakangi anak usia dini TAAM Hidayatulloh masih mulai berkembang dalam keterampilan berkomunikasi. Masalah ini ditindaklanjuti melalui penelitian tindakan kelas dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas.Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan hal – hal yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan metode show and tell untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berkomunikasi anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart dengan menggunakan empat siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tahap bertindak, tahap pengembangan, dan tahap refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari peneliti, peneliti mitra, dan anak sejumlah 11 orang. Penggunaan metode show and tell mampun untuk meningkatkan keterampila berkomunikasi anak usia dini, yaitu pada aspek anak mampu melakukan kontak mata, berbicara dengan jelas dan benar, serta mendengarkan dan merespon dengan tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode show and tell dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berkomunikasi anak usia dini. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari hasil penelitian bahwa terjadi peningkatan sebesar 12,1% pada tahap kemampuan Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH) dari 29,3% pada siklus 1 menjadi 41,4% pada siklus 4 dan terjadi peningkatan sebesar 58,6% pada tahap Kemampuan Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) dari 0% pada siklus 1 menjadi 58,6% pada siklus 4.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI KEGIATAN MERONCE MENGGUNAKAN MANIK-MANIK PADA KELOMPOK B2 DI TK AL- HAMID KECAMATAN KAWALU KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Khayyirah Ghina Khansa , Sumardi Sumardi , Elan Elan , Gandana Gilar
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTMotoric skills are abilities that involve muscles in certain body parts such as fingers. One activity that can improve the motoric skills of early childhood is through meronce activities using beads. This study aims to describe the ability of teachers in planning the learning of motoric skills of early childhood through the activity of meronce in group B2 in TK Al-Hamid, describing the ability of teachers in the process of learning fine motor skills of early childhood through meronce using beads in group B2 in TK Al-Hamid, and describes the teacher's ability to improve the motoric skills of early childhood through meronce using beads in the B2 TK Al-Hamid group. The motoric aspects studied include second-hand motion skills, limb movement skills related to fingers, and skills that are able to coordinate the eyes with the hands. This type of research is Classroom Action Research. With the research model of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. Data analysis in this study researchers used qualitative data and quantitative data. The subjects in this study were 10 early childhood children from B2 TK TK Al-Hamid group, namely 7 boys and 3 girls. The results of this study indicate that children's motoric skills have increased after being given meronce activities using beads.  Kemampuan motorik halus adalah kemampuan yang melibatkan otot-otot pada bagian tubuh tertentu seperti jari tangan. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini yaitu melalui kegiatan meronce menggunakan manik-manik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini melalui egiatan meronce memnggunakan manik-manik pada kelompok B2 di Tk Al- Hamid Kecamatan Kawalu Kota Tasikmalaya. Aspek motorik halus yang diteliti antara lain, keterampil dalam menggunkan jari-jemari tangan untuk melakukan aktivitas, terampil dalam menggerakkan jari-jemari tangan, terampil dalam mengerakan kedua tangan, pengendalian gerak, melakukan gerakan terkoordinasi terkontro, terampil dalam kecermatan dan ketepatan.. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Dengan model penelitian Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini kelompok B2 Tk Al- Hamid berjumlah 10 orang, yaitu 6 orang anak laki-laki dan 4 orang anak perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kemampuan motorik halus anak mengalami peningkatan setelah diberikan kegiatan meronce menggunakan manik-manik.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU HURUF HIJAIYAH MENULIS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI RA ATH-THOHA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Ardin Fiani Nurafifah , Indihadi Dian , Rahman Taopik
Published: August 2020

The main problem in this research is how the ability of children to write hijaiyah letters before and after using hijaiyah card media, is there any constraints on using hijaiyah card media in writing hijaiyah letters, is there any influence of hijaiyah letter cards on children's ability to write hijaiyah letters. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of children to write Hijaiyah letters before and after using hijaiyah letter media, to find out the constraints in using hijaiyah letter media in writing hijaiyah letters, the influence of hijaiyah letter media on children's ability to write hijaiyah letters. Letter cards are the use of a number of cards as a tool for learning to read by seeing and remembering the shape of letters. This research was conducted in RA Ath Thoha Cipedes Subdistrict, Panglayungan Village which aims to describe differences in the ability to write hijaiyyah letters in the control class and in the experimental class in children aged 5-6 years using hijaiyyah letter cards. Subjects in this study were children aged 5-6 years. This research uses a quantitative approach with the research method in Experimental Design. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires. The research findings show that from the results of data analysis the influence of the use of hijaiyyah letter media on early childhood writing skills in RA Ath Thoha Tasikmalaya. Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kemampuan anak menulis huruf hijaiyah sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media kartu huruf hijaiyah, adakah kendala penggunakan media kartu huruf hijaiyah dalam menulis huruf hijaiyah, adakah pengaruh media kartu huruf hijaiyah terhadap kemampuan anak menulis huruf hijaiyah. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan anak menuli huruf hijaiyah sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media kartu huruf hijaiyah, untuk mengetahui kendala dalam penggunaan media kartu hurufu hijaiyah dalam menulis huruf hijaiyah, adanya pengaruh media kartu huruf hijaiyah terhadap kemampuan anak menulis huruf hijaiyah. Kartu huruf adalah penggunaan sejumlah kartu sebagai alat bantu untuk belajar membaca dengan cara melihat dan mengingat bentuk huruf. Penelitian ini dilakuka di RA Ath Thoha Kecamatan Cipedes, Kelurahan Panglayungan yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan kemampuan menulis huruf hijaiyyah di kelas kontrol dan dikelas eksperimen pada anak usia 5-6 tahun dengan menggunakan kartu huruf hijaiyyah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan rancangan eksperimen subjek tunggal (Single Subject Research) dengan menggunakan desain  A-B-A. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi.
Modern Model of Genomic and Other Research Regulations
Authors: Kolosova Nina M.
Published: August 2020

The main goal of this study is to develop a qualitatively new model of public relations’ modular regulation, which will overcome stereotypes and shortcomings of legal regulation. The model of modular regulation is characterised by the convergence of all regulators, the vector direction of impact on social relations and other features. In the conditions of inconsistency of social regulators, the proposed model of modular impact on social relations provides an opportunity for everyone to choose the most effective norm. Modular regulation should be used only in some areas of social relations, without replacing legal one. Accordingly, the following criteria are recognised for the legality of applying the modular regulation: evidence of the onset of maximum socially dangerous consequences in the case of the application of an erroneous norm of social regulation and a high degree of self-regulation of particular social relations, the presence of specific laws in them. Given these criteria, it is advisable to use modular regulation in genomic and other research, which is the subject of this article
Synthesis and Characterization of Multicomponent PHAs
Authors: Kiselev Evgenii G. , Vasiliev Alexander D. , Volova Tatiana G.
Published: August 2020

Cupriavidus necator B10646 bacterial cells were cultivated in the mode of synthesis of the reserve polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in the growth medium that contained, in addition to glucose as the main substrate, precursor substrates of the monomers of various monocarboxylic acids – salts of valeric and hexanoic acids, propionate, and γ-butyrolactone. PHA terpolymers and quaterpolymers with different compositions and proportions of monomers were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties were studied. The terpolymers were composed of monomers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), or 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) and had the following compositions: P(3HB/3HB/4HHx) and P(3HB/3HV/4HHx). The quaterpolymers had the following composition: P(3HB/3HV/4HB/3HHx). All copolymer samples, regardless of the composition and proportions of monomers, had lower molecular weights and higher polydispersity values compared to the highly crystalline 3-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer, but retained thermal stability properties, with a difference between the melting point and thermal degradation of at least 100-110 °С. The inclusion of 3HV, 4HB, and 3HHx monomers in the C-chain of 3HB caused changes in the crystalline to amorphous phase ratio and a significant decrease in the degree of crystallinity (Cx), which depended on the type of monomers and their contents in the copolymer. The maximum decrease in Cx (9-17 %) was detected in the P(3HB/3HV/4HB) terpolymer and the P(3HB/3HV/4HB/3HHx) quaterpolymer (30-36 %). The study confirms that there is the possibility of synthesizing polymers with various compositions, including new ones, which differ significantly in their basic properties
Digitale Anlagenmodelle in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Fay Alexander
Published: August 2020

Sowohl in der Förderung und Verarbeitung von Öl und Gas als auch in der chemischen Industrie besteht ein wachsender Bedarf, über den gesamten Lebenszyklus der Anlagen – bei dem im Gegensatz zur Fertigungsindustrie von einem Lebenszyklus-Zeitraum (Asset Life Cycle) von 50 und mehr Jahren ausgegangen werden kann – ein stets aktuelles Anlagenmodell zur Verfügung zu haben, um den wachsenden Anforderungen im Wettbewerb um optimale Ressourcennutzung (Energie, Rohstoffe und Personal) zu bestehen. Im VDI-Statuspapier „Durchgängigen und dynamischen Engineering von Anlagen“ wurden Anwendungsszenarien definiert, die beschreiben, wie im Engineering-Prozess einer Anlage ein integrierendes Anlagenmodell über den Lebensweg der realisierten Anlage gepflegt und genutzt wird, welche neuen geschäftliche Rollen im zugehörigen Wertschöpfungsnetz entstehen und wer dabei welchen Nutzen haben könnte. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Überlegungen an den Anforderungen und aktuellen Entwicklungen der Prozessindustrie gespiegelt und auf den Implementierungsstatus von digitalen Anlagenmodellen in der Prozessindustrie eingegangen.
Spatial Cross-Correlation Models for Absolute and Relative Spectral Input Energy Parameters Based on Geostatistical Tools
Authors: Cheng Yin , Ning Chao-Lie , Du Wenqi
Published: August 2020

In recent years, energy-based seismic design methodology has received increasing attention because it takes into account not only the force and displacement behavior of a structure but also the cumulative damage effect caused by seismic loading. Specifically, as a fundamental parameter, input energy parameters (both absolute and relative measures) are directly related to the cumulative damage potential; therefore, they are commonly used in energy-based seismic design and seismic risk assessment. This study thus proposes new spatial cross-correlation models for absolute and relative elastic input energy parameters, using 2219 ground-motion records selected from 12 earthquake events. The normalized within-event residuals for both absolute and relative measures are first calculated. Semivariogram analysis is then conducted to quantify the spatial correlation of residuals for the input energy parameters at multiple sites and multiple periods. The linear model of coregionalization (LMC) approach is adopted to fit the empirical data; it is observed that the proposed LMC-based function performs reasonably well in capturing the spatial variability of the input energy measures. The influence of regional site conditions on the spatial cross correlation of input energy parameters is also investigated, and generic models are proposed using the averaged standardized coregionalization matrices of 12 events. The spatial cross-correlation models developed for input energy parameters can be used in regional seismic risk assessment within an energy-based framework.
Observation and Theory of Strain–Infrasound Coupling during Ground-Coupled Infrasound Generated by Rayleigh Waves in the Longitudinal Valley (Taiwan)
Authors: Canitano Alexandre
Published: August 2020

In this study, changes in atmospheric pressure recorded by absolute microbarometers operating in the Longitudinal Valley (Taiwan) during the passing seismic waves from strong earthquakes (Mw≥6) are systematically analyzed during the 2007–2019 period. Using a continuous wavelet transform analysis, local infrasound signals are detected for 23% of the events (21 events out of 89), with Mw ranging from 6.0 to 9.1 at a radial distance of 15 to about 4000 km from the central Longitudinal Valley. Infrasound signals are observed in the period range from about 1 to 20 s; they have maximal amplitudes ranging from 0.4 to 20 Pa and initiate predominantly during the passage of Rayleigh waves. The atmospheric pressure response to dilatational strain waves during seismoacoustic disturbances is investigated using collocated borehole strainmeter stations, and dynamic interactions between signals are characterized using a sliding windowed time-lagged cross-correlation analysis. The infrasound response shows a phase shift of −60° to −100°, with respect to the dilatation strain signal with a coupling factor of 0.002–0.006  Pa/nϵ for most of the cases (62%). Whereas acoustic pressure fluctuations are generated instantaneously by the vertical seismic velocity, the phase delay is related to the intrinsic nature of the dilatational strain. Observational strain–infrasound coupling parameters are in close agreement with theoretical estimates in the case of ground-coupled acoustic signals generated by Rayleigh waves. The study represents the first attempt to analyze ground-coupled infrasonic waves with strain waves and illustrates the potential of collocated strainmeter–microbarometer stations for basic seismoacoustic studies.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Common Weed Species in West Gondar Sesame Growing Area, Ethiopia
Authors: Ambaw Asfaw , Ebabuye Yohannes , Abeje Yimer
Published: August 2020

Weeds compete with crops grown for resource limits such as water, nutrients, and light. Weed infestation is one of the major factors limiting sesame production, as its seedlings grow slowly during the first few weeks making it a weak competitor at earlier crop growth stages. Weed induced sesame yield reductions of up to 65 percent, and a need for a crucial weed-free duration of up to 50 days following planting. Weed surveys are useful for determining the occurrence and relative importance of weed species in crop production systems. Weed survey on a farm basis is needed to establish efficient weed management and decision making mechanisms and to evaluate weed control measures. Therefore this survey was conducted to assess qualitative and quantitative weed species in sesame growing areas of west Gondar, Ethiopia. Weed survey was conducted in 2012 at Metema and 2013 main cropping season at Metema, Tach Armachiho, and Mirab Armachiho district. data on weed species type and count were taken along the diagonal with 50cm x 50cm quadrate at a 15-meter interval at three points. Visual identification, manuals, photographs, leaflets, and books were used for identifying weed species. They conducted interviews with farmers, development agents, and district experts working in the region. Weed species compositions were analyzed by frequency, abundance, dominance, and similarity index. In the districts, 31common weed species or groups of species from 17 families were recorded. Ipomea cordofana Br., Grass spp’, Commelina benghalensis L. Andropogon abyssinicus (Fresen) R.Br., Boerhaavia erecta L., Corchorus olitorius L.kudra, Corchorus trilocularis L., Leucas martinicensis (Jacq) ait.f. and Ipomea triloba are the most prevalent, abundant, and important weeds in sesame fields in north Gondar. As to this on-farm and practical training on identification and demonstration management options should be given on the low land of north Gondar farmers.
Effect of Peripheral Nerve Blocks with Low Dose Lignocaine for the Treatment of Acute Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Adabala Vijay , Talawar Praveen , Kumar Ajit , Mohanta Jharana , Suresh Sumedha
Published: August 2020

Background: One of the most common ailments that plagues patients is Low back pain. Approximately 80% of the population developing some form of back pain in their lifetime. Up regulated sodium channels is the basic cause in the nerve root or dorsal root ganglion for the mechano-sensitization. Functionally both ends of the pseudo unipolar neuron are the same hence injecting the drug in the peripheral end of the nerve will block these sodium channels.
Methods: Open labelled single group pilot study was conducted on patients reporting at the Pain Clinic of AIIMS, Rishikesh after obtaining consent. In the operation theatre patients received one or two peripheral nerve blocks at a maximum according to their nerve involvement. Outcomes were assessed immediately after injection and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd week after the proposed interventions.
Results: 30 patients were included in the study. No procedural complications were noted in these 30 patients as the given dose is very less and the site of injection is peripheral. Significant fall in NRS is observed at every visit. Only two patients reported back to pain clinic without pain relief.
Conclusion: Peripheral nerve block injection can be used as adjuvant for acute low back ache which is very simple can be administered in an OPD setting without the help of fluoroscopy guidance. Further studies with control group are needed to establish their efficacy.
Comparison of High Dose Ondansetron versus Low Dose Ondansetron for Prevention from Postansthesia Shivering
Authors: Nazemroaya Behzad , Sajedi Parvin , Moradi Farsani Darioush , Chaib Naja
Published: August 2020

Background: Postanesthesia shivering (PAS) is a very common anesthesia-related complication the not only is a discomfortable phenomenon for that patients, but can cause undesirable events and affect the patient’s prognosis negatively. This study compares the high dose ondansetron versus low dose of this agent for PAS control.
Methods: In this clinical trial 101 patients under general anesthesia for elective surgeries in three groups of premedication with high dose ondansetron (8mg) (n=33), low dose ondansetron (4mg) (n=34) and placebo (normal saline) (n=34) were evaluated. The agents were injected immediately before anesthesia induction, and hemodynamic data, nausea and vomiting incidence and shivering severity were compared.
Results: Mean arterial pressure and pulse rate significantly decreased within the time (P-value<0.05), while oxygen saturation, peripheral and central body temperature did not have statistically significant alterations (P-value>0.05). The duration of recovery room stays and use of meperidine for shivering control were not different in the three groups (P-value>0.05), while incidence of nausea and vomiting and shivering intensity in placebo treated group was worse than ondansetron treated groups regardless of the dose (P-value<0.05). Comparison of two ondansetron treated groups represented insignificant difference considering nausea and vomiting and shivering intensity (P-value>0.05).
Conclusion: Ondansetron use regardless of the dose was superior to placebo in terms of PAS intensity and nausea and vomiting prevention. Low dose of ondansetron (4mg) was superior to high dose (8 mg) considering the hemodynamic stability, while the two doses were similar in terms of PAS intensity, nausea and vomiting occurrence, duration of recovery room stay and meperidine requirement for shivering control.
Nutritional Assessment in the Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bagheri Elham , Hematian Farzaneh , Izadpanah Mandana , Rashidi Mahbobeh
Published: August 2020

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent complication among critically ill patients. It has very detrimental effects on the patients' clinical course. This study aimed to investigate the impact of nutrition in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Methods: In this epidemiologic-analytic study conducted in the surgical ICU of Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, 34 patients were selected and divided into two groups. The first group of patients received the appropriate nutrition. The second group received an inappropriate diet, and the nutritional risk was evaluated according to the modified- Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (m-NUTRIC) score. The energy was calculated by using 25 Kcal/kg, also the two groups were compared in terms of ICU mortality, ICU stays, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II Scoring, and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score.
Results: Baseline data, such as APACHE II score and mean age, except sex, were not significantly different between the two groups. In this study, results were toward shorter ICU stay, less mortality, and better SOFA score in the group receiving appropriate nutrition compared to the other group. However, due to the low number of patients, no significant differences were observed in the two groups.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that nutritional support should be considered as an essential part of the medication during critical illness.
Investigation of safety climate dimensions and its determinants in one of the tile industries in the west of Iran 2019
Authors: RAHMATI Firoze , ESMAEILI BIDEHENDI Mehdi , BAKHSHI Ehsan
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Unfavorable safety climate can effect performance and health of workers negatively and increase costs of their treatment for employers. Current study was performed with the aim of surveying safety climate and its determinants among workers in one of the industrial in west of country.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 people in one of the industries in the west of Iran. Data collection tools were demographics, and contextual and safety climate questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation-coefficient, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis test.
Result: The mean and standard deviation of safety climate score was 61.37±11. 8.11% of participants reported unfavorable safety climate, 78.5% moderate and 13.35% favorable. Safety climate had no significant correlation with age, gender, level of education, work experience and marital status (p>0.05). However, the relationship between safety climate and work unit was significant (p=0.034). Safety climate was influenced by each dimension of the work unit (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the safety climate is not affected by the demographic characteristics and is more affected by the work environment and the management of the work environment. Regarding the relationship of safety climate and the dimensions of work unit characteristics, the improvement in any of its dimensions can be helpful to improve safety climate.
Sosyal Öğrenme Bağlamında İllegal Bir Davranış Olarak ‘POS Tefecilerde Kart Kırdırma’ : Bingöl Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği
Authors: ÖNDER Mehmet Seyman
Published: August 2020

Ekonomik sorunlara bireylerin getirdiği illegal çözüm yöntemi olarak tefecilik, gelişen teknoloji ve yaygınlaşan bankacılık hizmetleri ile birlikte boyut değiştirmiş, pos tefecilik halini almıştır. Pos tefecilerde kartla para çekme eylemi de ‘kart kırdıma’ olarak anılmaktadır. Yaygınlaşan bir davranış olan pos tefecilerde kart kırdırma eylemi mağduriyetler de doğurmaktadır. Bu mağdurların önemli bir kısmını da üniversite öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın evreni Bingöl Üniversitesi öğrencileridir. Örneklem grupları, nicel veri tekniği için tabakalı ve basit seçkisiz tekniklerle belirlenen 460 öğrenciden, nitel veri için ise amaçlı örnekleme tekniğinin kullanılarak seçilen 12 öğrenciden oluşturulmuştur. Kart kırdıran öğrencilerin aile ve arkadaşların borç edinmekten kaçındığı, çoğu öğrencinin kart kırdırma eyleminin suç olduğunu bilmediği, bazılarının ceza alsa bile eylemi tekrar etme eğilimde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrenciler arasında kart kırdırma eyleminin sosyal öğrenme yoluyla yaygınlaştığı anlaşılmıştır.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON USING ENGLISH AS A MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
Authors: Jarrah Adeeb M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to investigate Mathematics and Science elementary school teachers’ perceptions of using English as a medium of instruction in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) primary schools.

Methodology: This research utilized an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The first phase of the research featured self-reporting by means of a questionnaire for elementary teachers (n=117), and the second phase used qualitative data by means of focus-group interviews (n=15).

Main Findings: The results revealed that there is consensus among Mathematics and Science teachers that students’ performance and achievements will benefit from the students’ native language (Arabic) when used. Additionally, the teachers expressed that the students’ low English proficiency embedded their understanding of Mathematics and Science concepts. Moreover, teachers indicated that they spend considerable class time teaching English instead of Mathematics and Science concepts.

Applications of this study: This study is intended to portray teachers’ perspectives on using English as a medium of instruction in the UAE elementary schools. It is hoped that the findings of the study may have implications for teachers, curriculum designers, and policymakers.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In the context of the UAE, studies involving the investigation of using English as a medium of instruction were focused mainly on higher education. Thus, this study has the potential to fill an important gap by extending the research to include teachers and students in elementary school and beyond.
Pharmacists’ practices for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in Mozambique
Authors: Torres `Neusa , Solomon Vernon , Middleton Lyn
Published: August 2020

Background: Antibiotics are the most frequently used medicines worldwide with most of the countries defining these as prescription-only medicines. Though, dispensing non-prescribed antibiotics represent one of the chief causal factors to the irrational use of antibiotics that paves the way to the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: We aimed at describing the practices and the enablers for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in Maputo city, Mozambique.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, between October 2018 and March 2019, in nine private pharmacies randomly selected across Maputo city. Eighteen pharmacists were contacted and seventeen enrolled through snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analysed though thematic analysis with guidelines from Braun and Clark. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist by (Tong, 2007) was performed.

Results: Out of seventeen, fifteen pharmacists admitted non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics. Common antibiotic dispensing practices included; dispensing without prescription, without asking for a brief clinical history of patients, without clear explanation of the appropriate way of administering, without advising on the side effects. Reasons for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing are linked to patients’ behaviour of demanding for non-prescribed antibiotics, to the patients expectations and beliefs on the healing power of antibiotics, to the physicians’ prescribing practices. Other reasons included the pressure for profits from the pharmacy owners, the fragile law enforcement, and absence of accountability mechanisms.

Conclusions: The practices of non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing characterize the ‘daily life’ of the pharmacists. On the one hand, the patient’s demand for antibiotics without valid prescriptions, and pharmacist’s wish to assist based on their role in the pharmacy, the pressure for profits and on the understanding of the larger forces driving the practices of self-medication with antibiotics - rock. On the other hand, pharmacists are aware of the legal status of antibiotics and the public health consequences of their inappropriate dispensing practices and their professional and ethical responsibility for upholding the law - hard place. Highlighting the role of pharmacists and their skills as health promotion professionals is needed to optimizing antibiotic dispensing and better conservancy in Mozambique.
A TRANSVERSALIDADE HORIZONTAL SISTÊMICO-INTEGRATIVA DA DIMENSÃO AMBIENTAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: UMA CONCEITUAÇÃO EM EVOLUÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Caldas Roberto Correia da Silva , Pinto Silva Camila Barreto , Barroso Saulo Furtado
Published: August 2020

A elaboração e utilização de expressões com conteúdo substancial chamam a atenção por seu processo dinâmico de construção e aceitação. É dessa maneira que a conceituação de “desenvolvimento sustentável”, em conjunto com “transversalidade ambiental”, é tomada no presente estudo, em sua origem, como expressão dotada de significado ímpar, abordando-se sua incorporação no cenário jurídico e corporativo consoante um esforço global de disseminação das informações meio ambientais permeando os mais diferentes setores da sociedade, por intermédio de distintas vias de comunicação, a permitir um desenvolvimento harmônico e equilibrado. O estudo busca, assim, esclarecer a amplitude da terminologia “desenvolvimento sustentável” por intermédio dos princípios da integração e da transversalidade, os quais conferem à sua estrutura conceitual uma inerente interdisciplinaridade em função da horizontalidade trazida à dimensão ambiental, contribuindo, assim, também para a evolução conceitual das dimensões econômica (segundo uma circularidade global) e social (quanto à responsabilidade inclusiva e de proteção às vulnerabilidades). Desta forma, o presente trabalho se propõe a averiguar, mediante a utilização do método histórico e dedutivo, segundo a técnica de abordagem bibliográfica, a relevância evolutiva do desenvolvimento sustentável (visto enquanto expressão e contribuição de distintos termos do conhecimento), bem como os reflexos sistêmicos de sua efetiva transversalidade horizontal integrativa alicerçada na teoria do triple bottom line, potencializada pelos mais hodiernos 5P’s (planeta, prosperidade, pessoas, paz e parceria), ao se promover o bem comum implementando-se políticas públicas setoriais, chegando-se à conclusão de que a construção dos conceitos de “transversalidade ambiental” e de “desenvolvimento sustentável” se revela como um processo ainda em evolução, com sua sedimentação obtida gradualmente ao longo do tempo e pela aquisição de uma maior conscientização ambiental da sociedade global do risco e da informação.
ALFABETIZACIÓN ECOLÓGICA: UN INSTRUMENTO PARA LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD Y PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Souza Maria Cláudia da Silva Antunes de , Ferrer Gabriel Real , Stein Alex Sandro Gonzaga
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de la eco-alfabetización, término creado por el físico Fritjof Capra, como medio transformador y capacitador del ser humano para la creación de una sociedad sostenible, pautada en el conocimiento sistémico y del desarrollo sostenible, así como sus consecuentes desdoblamientos para la realización de los dictámenes del Artículo 225 de la Constitución de la República Federativa del Brasil de 1988, que dice que todos tienen derecho al medio ambiente ecológicamente equilibrado, así como son responsables de la defensa y protección de este medio para las presentes y futuras generaciones. Por lo tanto, el objetivo general es identificar la educación pautada en la Ecolfabetización y su contribución al logro de una sociedad sostenible y de seres humanos ambientalmente conscientes y capaces de defender y proteger el medio ambiente. Como objetivos específicos, se busca conceptualizar la Ecolfabetización, sustentabilidad y medio ambiente. La investigación busca responder si ¿está el sistema educativo actual preparado para capacitar al individuo en ética y respeto por el medio ambiente? Justificase por su relevancia académica y social, considerando las reflexiones y contribuciones a través de la alfabetización ecológica, destacando la necesidad de empoderar al ser humano a nuevas habilidades basadas en el conocimiento sistémico y para un desarrollo humano sostenible. Como metodología, la base de la lógica inductiva se utilizó a través de la investigación bibliográfica y documental.