bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morfofonemik Bahasa Talaud
Authors: Lalira James
Published: September 2019

The research of Talaud morphophonemics is based on structural linguistic study. There are two sub-disciplines of structural linguistics that contributes in developing and analyzing morphophonemics research, which is morphology and phonology. This research is motivated by the renewal of Talaud language structure and aims to describe the process, formulate rules and identify types of assimilation morphophonemics in Talaud language. This research uses descriptive method. Source of the data is taken from the informants who were native speaker of Talaud language. The data collecting techniques was in terms of observing, oral interactive and note taking. While, technique of analysis data started by describing phonemes, then describing morphemes in the form of free and bound morphemeBased on the result of research, three morphophonemics processes have been found namely processes of change, addition, and deletion of phoneme. From the three processes, phonemic changing process always indicates the sound alignment pattern examined in terms of phonemic homorganic form. For example, the replacement of    / N / to /m/ /n/, /ῃ/, when matched with the word stem beginning with phonemes /b, p/ /d, t/ /h/, respectively. This research has also successfully identified the type of morphophonemics assimilation. The morphophonemic assimilation of Talaud language can be viewed in terms of assimilation types based on where the process occurs and the nature of assimilation. At least there are three types of assimilation based on the place of occurrence, namely progressive, regressive and reciprocal assimilation. On the other hand, the assimilation based on the nature has two types, namely total and partial assimilation. This process of morphophonemics and particularly assimilation is then described in the chart showing the rules of morphophonemics so that, the language phenomena that occur is easily visible. Key words: Talaud language morphophonemics, processes, rules.
Tindak Ujar Iklan Berbahasa Melayu Manado di Radio
Authors: Timboeleng Donna Retty
Published: September 2019

Recently, the development of knowledge is rapidly as language in the advertisement’s aspects. Speech act as a part of pragmatics in language, as two sides of coin, has its development in one side and complication in other side. It occurs in Manadonese Malay radio advertisements as a tool of sharing the ideas. Advertisement in the marketing communication is the reflection of the real condition in community. Therefore, advertisement is related and influenced with the macro environment such as social, economic, politic, language, and culture. Descriptive qualitative is the method used in this research. The advertisements were analyzed based on the content, function, meaning, and mind set. Hereafter, questionnaire and interview were held to find the influence of advertisement in the community, consumer and hearer. The theories used were Austin’s locution, illocution and perlocution. Searle: assertive, directive, comissive, expressive, declarative and Leech’s categories: competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive. Sapir-Whorf’s Hypothesis is used to find the mind set of the speaker. In detecting the influence, the community’s responses were analyzed by using theories of Wardhaugh and Fishman. According to the result of this research and analysis, the data revealed that all the speech act found in the advertisement and the responses were vary. Eventually, conclusion was drawn that all the element of speech act found in the advertisement. The responses were in positive, negative, and neutral. It is strongly suggested to establish a legal institution and the consultant of advertisement production. Extended research is needed in finding the adnertisement’s aspects from the other perspectives of linguistics. Key words: speech act, manadonese malay, radio advertisement.
Kekerabatan Bahasa Alunedan Bahasa Wemale
Authors: Simon Johana Grace
Published: September 2019

This research isbased on Comparative Historical Linguistics study. It is motivated by thesimilarity of phonology and lexicon in Alune and Wemale languages, thelanguages are almost extinct, and there is no research about the relationshipof these languages before.The methods usedare Quantitative and Qualitative. The technique for Quantitative islexicostatistics and the technique for Qualitative is reconstruction of protolanguage. The sources of data are taken from the informants, texts, and Swadesh  words list.In this research, it is found that there are 94related words, consisting of 33 words with exactly the same phonemes and 61words having resemblance in phonology and lexicon. Meanwhile, there are 105different basic vocabularies. It is also found that Alune and Wemale languagesare related in the level of family. Furthermore, there are 18 reconstructed protophonemes and 94 proto etimons.Keywords:Lexicostatistics, reconstruction.
Makna Budaya dalam Ungkapan Melayu Manado pada Transaksi Jual Beli di Pasar Karombasan
Authors: Palar Dwianita Conny
Published: September 2019

Marketis a place where the interaction between seller and buyer happened. Marketbecomes social media that connect the used language in communication betweenseller and buyer who exist in traditional market of Manado and come fromvarious etnics. The researcher see the language which is used by buyer andseller in their buyer selling transaction. This thing is interested to beinvestigated. The aim of this research are (1) to identify form  and meaning of expression in using of ManadoMalay language at the buying-selling transaction in Karombasan traditionalmarket, Manado, and (2) to explain cultural meaning which contained in the useof Manado Malay language at buying-selling transaction in Karombasantraditional Market, Manado. Thisresearch employed descriptive method with qualitaitve approach. In collectingthe data, the method of Listening and Speaking of Surdayanto (1993) is used.Listening method is firstly used by using Listening Technique. Secondtechniques which are used are Listening Speaking Involment and ListeningSpeaking Free Involvement. In analyzing the collected data, theories of Cook(1969), Chaer (2007) and Kridalaksana are used to classify the language form ofexpression that are found. Then to get the cultural meaning that contained inthe expression, theory of Foley (1997) is used. There were 48 informantsactively involved in this research.Inthis research, the researcher found 8 forms of word  classified into basic word, repetition wordand compound word, namely: fresco, bos tabuang-buang, baminya-minya, tandatangan, masa pohong and masa karbit, 3 phrases expressions are also found suchas, kuli kadongdong, kuli duriang, and ikang pegawai. Then, sentence forms ofexpressions that are found namely ‘Om ini, kurang mo kase abis’, ‘Ngana petomat pe warna sama deng warna spanyol’, ‘Tanta kiapa depe mata ikang somerah’. Throughthis research, it can be concluded that this cultural-meaning expressioncontains cultural meaning, both positive meanings such as fresh thinking, likehelping other people, respect each other, good attitude, behavior, knowing goodand meet cultural life, having competence and negative meanings, such as badbehaviour, talkactive, not creative and having no competence. Based on theconclusion, the researcher suggests to the next researcher, to be morecomprehensive related to the use of Manado Malay language expression indifferent background and contexts in order to get a whole description aboutexpressions system of Manado Malay language.  Keyword: The Cultural Meaning, Tradisional Market
Kuasa Roh dalam Mitos-mitos Sangihe : Suatu Telaah Struktural Antopologis LEVI-STRAUSS
Authors: Rindorindo Irene D. C
Published: September 2019

Sangiang Taumatiti and Ompung myths depict the belief of Sangihé people in spirit’s power which cannot be comprehended with logical reasoning, so that men must fulfill some requirements in order to make relationship with that beyond human powers work. The belief has been passed on through the generations in Sangihé community. Structuralist paradigm is therefore used to analyze relation between the myths and another structures found in Sangihé community. Thus, myth can be functioned to study deep structure of the community. Key words: myth, spirit, deep structure
Akronim dalam Komunitas Motor di Kota Merauke
Authors: Narahawarin Margaretha F.
Published: September 2019

This research will identify, classify, and analyze based on the phenomena of words formation. The data has been collected from some interviews of the motorcycle community members. Theories used in this research by Sampurno and Finoza.The results of this research shows that the acronym used exclusively in the motorcycle community. According to the form of an acronym, there are four forms, namely: form initial characters of the word, syllable form, form initial character of the word and syllable, phrases form. And to the function in this research that acronym as a shorthand phrase or name, slogan or humor, distinguishing origin of a words and meaning.Keywords: acronym, form, function, community
MAKNA DENOTATIF DALAM SYAIR TARIAN “POMONTE” MASYARAKAT SUKU KAILI DI KOTA PALU
Authors: Kalesaran Eirene E. P. , Kalangi Leika Maria Victoria , Salea-Warouw Martha
Published: September 2019

This research is about the meaning contained in a song in a dance. The research reveals the denotative meaning that exists in the song "Pomonte" in the regional dance originating from Central Sulawesi Province, precisely from the Kaili tribe. This research used qualitative descriptive method. The data collected by interviewing the native speaker who knows this song, and the data analyzing used the method as suggested by Spredley and Sugiono which is data reduction, data display, and data conclusion. The result of this research shows the lingual form from the lyrics and  the denotative meaning in this traditional song, “Pomonte”, Kaili tribe.Key terms: Denotative meaning, local song, “Pomonte”, Kaili tribe.
PENUNJUK ARAH ABSOLUT DALAM BAHASA TONTEMBOAN
Authors: Robot Kevin Yeremia
Published: September 2019

Languages have their own fashion for indicating the location of certain objects. Generally, such languages utilizes with morphemes such as ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘in front of’, and ‘in back of’, namely relative directions. However, there are also languages which utilizes cardinal directions, such as ‘north’, ‘south’, ‘west’ and ‘east’ for indicating the location of certain objects, namely absolute directions. In addition to cardinal directions, absolute directions also utilize uphill/downhill distinction in differentiating ‘up’ or ‘down’. Tontemboanese language is one of the languages which utilize absolute directions. This research aims to show how Tontemboanese speakers utter words in terms of spatial reference of the speakers. Through interview, it is revealed that Tontemboanese speakers utilize absolute directions to indicate the object locations, the motion of the actions, and parting phrases. In using the cardinal direction, the sun is the main source in indicating the directions.Keywords: absolute directions, Tontemboanese.
Penggunaan Alih Kode Instruktur dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar Bahasa Inggris di ELC Education Manado
Authors: Mandang Mardyane
Published: September 2019

This study focussing on the use of code switching produced by instructors in English teaching and learning process based on Sosiolinguistics and language teaching point of view. This research uses qualitative method and records the process of teaching English and interviews the instructors and students as a technique of this research to find the importance of code switching. The data were transcripted and analyzed use the concepts of Wardhaugh and Suwito about types of code switching and functions of code switching use the concept of Margana. The research shows that there are 4 types of code switching intern, extern, metaphorical dan situasional code switching. Extern code switching are code switching from English to Indonesian (i.e. do you know what day is tomorrow? Besok hari apa?) and English to Manado Malay (i.e. you know what I mean? Mangarti nda?). Intern code switching is code switching from Manado Malay to Indonesian (i.e. besok hari libur jadi nda ada les. Lesnya nanti minggu depan). Metaphorical code switching is a code switching without any changing topic. Situasional code switching is a code switching with changing topic. Also, there are 7 types of code switching, they are repetition, clarification, exploration, explanation, giving assignment, checking students’ understanding and giving warning/suggestion. It can be concluded that there are 4 types of code switching produced by instructors in English teaching and learning process. They are extern, intern, metaphorical and situasional code switching. Besides, there are 7 functions of code switching. They are repetition, clarification, exploration, explanation, giving assignment, checking students’ understanding and giving warning/suggestion.Keywords : Code switching, Instructors utterences, English teaching and learning   process
Evaluación del dolor musculoesquelético en el anciano
Authors: Arteaga Carlos Ernesto , Santacruz Juan Guillermo , Ramírez Lizeth Jazmín
Published: September 2019

Propósito: las afecciones musculoesqueléticas son causa frecuente de dolor y discapacidad en el anciano, el conocimiento de estas patologías se hace necesario dado que la presentación de algunas de ellas son diferente en los adultos mayores, tales como artritis reumatoide, lupus eritematoso sistémico, fibromialgia, y otras patologías son más frecuentes entre ellos, así como la osteartritis y polimialgia reumática. Por ende el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico es de vital importancia dado los cambios que se presentan en este grupo poblacional secundarios al envejecimiento.

Fuente de obtención de los datos: se realizó una búsqueda de literatura a través de pubmed, considerando epidemiologia, enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de las afecciones musculoesqueléticas en el adulto mayor, enfocando actualizaciones en temas de revisión.

Síntesis de los datos: el dolor musculoesquelético tiene un bajo abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico debido a que la mayoría del personal de salud lo considera como secundario al envejecimiento. Se hace una revisión de las principales patologías musculoesqueléticas y las diferencias en el manejo terapéutico a considerar en el anciano.

Conclusiones: el dolor musculoesquelético es una causa frecuente discapacidad en el anciano, su correcto diagnóstico hace que se reduzcan secuelas funcionales dadas por la inmovilidad secundaria y aislamiento social que conlleva. Igualmente debe considerarse que el envejecimiento puede afectar la farmacodinamia, por lo cual algunos fármacos deben usarse con cautela en los adultos mayores
Alternativa no quirúrgica para el tratamiento del adenoma de glándula paratiroides
Authors: Romero Javier , Barragán Camilo , Chica Guillermo
Published: September 2019

El adenoma de paratiroides es generalmente identificado por hallazgos incidentales de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) y calcio elevados asociado a niveles de fósforo disminuido. Las imágenes diagnósticas identifican la posición de la glándula respecto al parénquima tiroideo y visualizan la lesión por tratar. El manejo de esta patología va desde la extirpación completa (paratiroidectomía) hasta la realización de procedimientos mínimamente invasivos como la ablación del adenoma. En esta revisión, se describe el caso de una paciente mayor quien es llevada a urgencias por alteración del estado de conciencia. Los estudios realizados evidencian aumento en los niveles de PTH y calcio junto a imágenes sugestivas de adenoma de glándula paratiroides. Fue manejada con ablación percutánea con alcohol en tres oportunidades con lo que se normalizaron los parámetros de hormonas en sangre y recuperó el nivel de conciencia sin secuelas
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Melalui Pendekatan Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) Materi Pecahan Kelas III MI AL MA’ARIF Kota Sorong
Authors: Hartini Hartini
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas III MI AL-MA’ARIF Kota Sorong pada mata pelajaran Matematika dengan pokok Pecahan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas III MI AL-MA’ARIF Kota Sorong Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini  dengan menggunakan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, pengamatan (observasi), dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Keterampilan guru dalam pembelajaran matematika melalui pendekatan CTL meningkat. Pada siklus I diperoleh rata-rata persentase 84% (baik). Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan rata-rata persentase 93% (baik sekali). (2) Aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran matematika melalui pendekatan CTL meningkat. Pada siklus I rata-rata persentase 70,5% (baik). Pada siklus II persentase aktivitas siswa menjadi 85,5% (baik sekali). (3) Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dan II mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus I ketuntasan belajar klasikal 63% (cukup) dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 82% (baik). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada siklus II > 75% sehingga dinyatakan berhasil. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan pendekatan CTL dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan materi pecahan di MI AL-MA’ARIF Kota Sorong.
Pengintegrasian Pendidikan Nilai-Nilai Budaya Dan Karakter Bangsa Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Pada Pokok Bahasan Aljabar Dan Aritmetika Sosial Di SMP Negeri 1 Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Sinutomo Sinutomo
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan pengintegrasian pendidikan nilai-nilai budaya dan karakter bangsa dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan karakter siswa, serta meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menjadi manusia yang mandiri, kreatif, dan berwawasan kebangsaan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII G SMP Negeri 1 Kabupaten Sorong  sebanyak 30 orang. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik tes dan non-tes dengan menganalisis aktivitas mengajar guru dan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan nilai karakter siswa meningkat dari siklus I ke siklus II. Hal ini dilihat dari persentase siswa yang berada pada tahapan  perkembangan mulai berkembang meningkat pada setiap pertemuan, yaitu 28%, 36%, 56% dan 72%. Terjadi peningkatan prestasi siswa,  pada tes awal sampai tes siklus dua yaitu: 28%, 64%, 76%. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa pengintegrasian pendidikan nilai-nilai budaya dan karakter bangsa dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan nilai karakter siswa serta meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menjadi manusia yang mandiri, kreatif dan  berwawasan kebangsaan.
Pemanfaatan Metode Diskusi Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Dan Hasil Belajar Materi Proses Fotosintesis Siswa Kelas V Sd Inpres 68 Klasaman Kota Sorong
Authors: Sukatno Sukatno
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi fotosintesis melalui pemanfaatan metode diskusi pada siswa kelas V SD Inpres 68 Klasaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan, yakni perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa: (a) partisipasi siswa meningkat pada setiap siklus. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata aktivitas siswa adalah 30,76% dan meningkat menjadi 84,61% pada siklus II, (b) hasil belajar siswa meningkat secara signifikan. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata kelas adalah 66,92 dan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas menjadi 85. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai tersebut berada di atas nilai KKM.
Penerapan Metode Snowball Throwing Dalam Pembelajaran Baahasa Inggris Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosa Kata Dan Kemampuan Psikomotorik Siswa Sd Islam Terpadu Kota Sorong
Authors: Kusumaningrum Syams , Setyawati Irna Ganda
Published: September 2019

Snowball Throwing merupakan metode pembelajaran menggunakan media kertas bertuliskan suatu kata yang digulung berbentuk bola. Metode ini pada umumnya digunakan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh metode snowball throwing terhadap penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan psikomotorik pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris siswa SD Islam Terpadu Kota Sorong. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen kuasi, yaitu Randomized Pre-Post Test Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 2 kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol yang masing-masing berjumlah 27 siswa. Terdapat dua instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu tes kosakata Bahasa Inggris dan tes kemampuan psikomotorik. Penelitian ini diuji menggunakan teknik non-parametrik, yaitu Mann Whitney U Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.  Berdasarkan uji hipotesis 2 sampel berpasangan ditemukan bahwa ada nilai signifikansi penguasaan kosakata (p= 0,000) dan psikomotor (p=0,016) pada kelompok eksperimen lebih rendah dari batas kritis penelitian 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode snowball throwing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan kosakata Bahasa Inggris dan psikomotor siswa kelas 1 SD Islam Terpadu Kota Sorong.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas Vii Smp Lab. Stkip Muhammadiyah Arar pada Mata Pelajaran Ipa Menggunakan Diagram Alir dalam Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing
Authors: Hidayat Febrian Andi , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman
Published: September 2019

Pada umumnya tingkat pemahaman konsep pada mata pelajaran IPA yang dicapai siswa SMP Lab. Hasil Belajar Siswa di STKIP Muhammadiyah Arar termasuk kategori rendah. Banyak siswa yang merasa bosan dan kurang bersemangat dalam belajar. Hal ini disebabkan kerena kurang variatifnya pendekatan, model, maupun metode dalam pembelajarannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA siswa kelas VII SMP Lab. STKIP Muhammadiyah Arar melalui pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing berbantuan Diagram Alir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri 2 siklus, dimana masing-masing siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing berbantuan Diagram Alir dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep IPA siswa kelas VII SMP Lab. STKIP Muhammadiyah Arar, yaitu sebelum perbaikan siswa yang paham konsep hanya 36%, setelah siklus I mencapai 64,28% dan setelah pelaksanaan siklus II mencapai 79,3%.
REPRESENTATIVIDAD DE LA DIVERSIDAD DEL GÉNERO Musa EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: César Tapia  , Nelly Paredes  , Luis Lima
Published: September 2019

Este estudio permitió identificar vacíos en la colección del género Musa, de la Estación Experimental Central de la Amazonía del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, (INIAP). Esto fue posible mediante el uso de las herramientas CAPFITOGEN, permitiendo identificar 24 categorías ecogeográficas, de las cuales las categorías 10 y 9 fueron las más frecuentes con 70.501 y 44.709 celdas, respectivamente. Estas categorías presentaron características ecogeográficas muy similares con temperaturas anuales promedio de 20,9°C; precipitación del mes más húmedo de 276 mm; elevación promedio de 1051 msnm; pendiente de 3,8 grados y pH ácido (4,5-5,5). En lo relacionado a la ocurrencia, se observa vacíos geográficos en 20 de las 24 categorías. Es así que mediante la herramienta REPRESENTA de CAPFITOGEN se debe realizar colectas suplementarias a lo largo de las estribaciones orientales y occidentales, principalmente de las provincias de Bolívar, Cotopaxi, amplias zonas de Los Ríos y reductos de las provincias de Loja, Guayas, Manabí, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas y Esmeraldas. Las herramientas CAPFITOGEN son de gran utilidad para mejorar la representatividad de las colecciones que se conservan en el banco de germoplasma del INIAP.
Perspectives on the Volunteering Legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games: The Development of an Event Legacy Stakeholder Engagement Matrix
Authors: Shipway Richard , Lockstone-Binney Leonie , Holmes Kirsten , Smith Karen A.
Published: September 2019

Using a sustainable event legacy timeline, this article examines the extent to which the existing volunteering infrastructure supporting volunteer management in the host city were engaged before, during, and after the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, to generate a legacy for
volunteering. This infrastructure includes volunteering peak bodies, volunteer resource centers, national sport governing bodies, community organizations and local government. A case study of the London 2012 Games was employed involving extensive documentary evidence and interviews with senior
level informants. The findings revealed limitations with official legacy planning and a failure to engage with the voluntary sector in the host city. The event legacy timeline is combined with four key themes to emerge from the data to conceptualize an event legacy stakeholder engagement matrix.
This identifies recommendations to enable future host cities to optimize opportunities from Olympic Games volunteer programs to generate wider community benefits.
Looking for Lurkers: Co-orbiters as SETI Observables
Authors: Benford James
Published: September 2019

A recently discovered group of nearby co-orbital objects is an attractive location for extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) to locate a probe to observe Earth while not being easily seen. These near-Earth objects provide an ideal way to watch our world from a secure natural object. That provides resources an ETI might need: materials, a firm anchor, and concealment. These have been little studied by astronomy and not at all by the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) or planetary radar observations. I describe the objects found thus far and propose both passive and active observations of them as possible sites for extraterrestrial (ET) probes.
Sculpting Eccentric Debris Disks with Eccentric Gas Rings
Authors: Lin Jonathan W. , Chiang Eugene
Published: September 2019

Many debris disks seen in scattered light have shapes that imply their dust grains trace highly eccentric, apsidally aligned orbits. Apsidal alignment is surprising, especially for dust. Even when born from an apse-aligned ring of parent bodies, dust grains have their periastra dispersed in all directions by stellar radiation pressure. The periastra cannot be reoriented by planets within the short dust lifetimes at the bottom of the collisional cascade. We propose that what realigns dust orbits is drag exerted by second-generation gas. Gas is largely immune to radiation pressure, and when released by photodesorption or collisions within an eccentric ring of parent bodies should occupy a similarly eccentric, apse-aligned ring. Dust grains launched onto misaligned orbits cross the eccentric gas ring supersonically and can become dragged into alignment within collisional lifetimes. The resultant dust configurations, viewed nearly but not exactly edge-on, with periastra pointing away from the observer, appear moth-like, with kinked wings and even doubled pairs of wings, explaining otherwise mysterious features in HD 61005 (“The Moth”) and HD 32297, including their central bulbs when we account for strong forward scattering from irregularly shaped particles. Around these systems we predict gas at Kuiper-belt-like distances to move on highly elliptical streamlines that owe their elongation, ultimately, to highly eccentric planets. Unresolved issues and an alternative explanation for apsidal alignment are outlined.
Solar Angular Momentum Loss over the Past Several Millennia
Authors: Finley Adam J. , Deshmukh Siddhant , Matt Sean P. , Owens Mathew , Wu Chi-Ju
Published: September 2019

The Sun and Sun-like stars lose angular momentum to their magnetized stellar winds. This braking torque is coupled to the stellar magnetic field, such that changes in the strength and/or geometry of the field modifies the efficiency of this process. Since the space age, we have been able to directly measure solar wind properties using in situ spacecraft. Furthermore, indirect proxies such as sunspot number, geomagnetic indices, and cosmogenic radionuclides, constrain the variation of solar wind properties on centennial and millennial timescales. We use near-Earth measurements of the solar wind plasma and magnetic field to calculate the torque on the Sun throughout the space age. Then, reconstructions of the solar open magnetic flux are used to estimate the time-varying braking torque during the last nine millennia. We assume a relationship for the solar mass-loss rate based on observations during the space age which, due to the weak dependence of the torque on mass-loss rate, does not strongly affect our predicted torque. The average torque during the last nine millennia is found to be 2.2 × 1030 erg, which is comparable to the average value from the last two decades. Our data set includes grand minima (such as the Maunder Minimum), and maxima in solar activity, where the torque varies from ∼1 to 5 × 1030 erg (averaged on decadal timescales), respectively. We find no evidence for any secular variation of the torque on timescales of less than 9000 yr.
Inverse Compton Cascades in Pair-producing Gaps: Effects of Triplet Pair Production
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Yuan Yajie , Chen Alexander Y. , Mastichiadis Apostolos
Published: September 2019

Inverse Compton-pair cascades are initiated when gamma-rays are absorbed on an ambient soft photon field to produce relativistic pairs, which in turn up-scatter the same soft photons to produce more gamma-rays. If the Compton scatterings take place in the deep Klein–Nishina regime, then triplet pair production (

) becomes relevant and may even regulate the development of the cascade. We investigate the properties of pair-Compton cascades with triplet pair production in accelerating gaps, i.e., regions with an unscreened electric field. Using the method of transport equations for the particle evolution, we compute the growth rate of the pair cascade as a function of the accelerating electric field in the presence of blackbody and power-law ambient photon fields. Informed by the numerical results, we derive simple analytical expressions for the peak growth rate and the corresponding electric field. We show that for certain parameters, which can be realized in the vicinity of accreting supermassive black holes at the centers of active galactic nuclei, the pair cascade may well be regulated by inverse Compton scattering in the deep Klein–Nishina regime and triplet pair production. We present indicative examples of the escaping gamma-ray radiation from the gap, and discuss our results in application to the TeV observations of radio galaxy M87.
Spectral Properties of Populations Behind the Coherence in Spitzer Near-infrared and Chandra X-Ray Backgrounds
Authors: Li Yanxia , Cappelluti Nico , Hasinger Günther , Arendt Richard G. , Kashlinsky Alexander , Pacucci Fabio
Published: September 2019

We study the coherence of the near-infrared and X-ray background fluctuations and the X-ray spectral properties of the sources producing it. We use data from multiple Spitzer and Chandra surveys, including the UDS/SXDF surveys, the Hubble Deep Field North, the EGS/AEGIS field, the Chandra Deep Field South, and the COSMOS surveys, comprising ∼2275 Spitzer/IRAC hours and ∼16 Ms of Chandra data collected over a total area of ∼1 deg2. We report an overall ∼5σ detection of a cross-power signal on large angular scales >20″ between the 3.6 and 4.5 μm and the X-ray bands, with the IR versus [1–2] keV signal detected at 5.2σ. The [0.5–1] and [2–4] keV bands are correlated with the infrared wavelengths at a ∼1–3σ significance level. The hardest X-ray band ([4–7] keV) alone is not significantly correlated with any infrared wavelengths due to poor photon and sampling statistics. We study the X-ray spectral energy distribution of the cross-power signal. We find that its shape is consistent with a variety of source populations of accreting compact objects, such as local unabsorbed active galactic nuclei or high-z absorbed sources. We cannot exclude that the excess fluctuations are produced by more than one population. Because of poor statistics, the current relatively broad photometric bands employed here do not allow distinguishing the exact nature of these compact objects or if a fraction of the fluctuations have instead a local origin.
Origin and Evolution of Distinct Molybdenum Isotopic Variabilities within Carbonaceous and Noncarbonaceous Reservoirs
Authors: Yokoyama Tetsuya , Nagai Yuichiro , Fukai Ryota , Hirata Takafumi
Published: September 2019

New high-precision Mo isotopic data were obtained for 10 iron meteorites and two carbonaceous, five ordinary, and two rumuruti chondrites. A clear isotopic dichotomy is observed in μ

i
Mo−μ
94Mo diagrams between the CC meteorites (carbonaceous chondrites and IVB irons) and other noncarbonaceous (NC) meteorites. The Mo isotope variabilities within the CC meteorites can indicate either s-process matter distributed heterogeneously throughout various chondritic components in the different outer solar system materials or that generated by a local parent-body processing. In contrast, the presence of two end-member components for the Mo isotope composition, that is, NC-A and NC-B, was suggested in the NC reservoir. The NC-B component represents the remaining counterpart of the gaseous source reservoir for type B calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, which was presumably formed via thermal processing that destroyed r-process-rich carriers. Two models were proposed to consider the observed Mo isotope variability among the NCs. In model 1, the NC-A reservoir was formed closer to the Sun than the NC-B reservoir by another thermal processing that destroyed s-process-depleted phases. The Mo isotopic composition of the NC region changed via outward motion of particles from the two reservoirs, resulting in a gradual change from NC-A- to NC-B-like components as a function of the heliocentric distance. In model 2, the Mo isotopic composition in individual NCs is controlled by the amount of metal and matrix-like material that is removed from and added to the NC-B reservoir. Such a fractionation process most likely occurred locally in time and/or space in the inner solar system.
Exceptional Extended Field-of-view Observations by PROBA2/SWAP on 2017 April 1 and 3
Authors: O’Hara Jennifer P. , Mierla Marilena , Podladchikova Olena , D’Huys Elke , West Matthew J.
Published: September 2019

On 2017 April 1 and 3, two large eruptions on the western solar limb, which were associated with M4.4- and M5.8-class flares, respectively, were observed with the Sun Watcher with Active Pixels and Image Processing (SWAP) Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) solar telescope on board the Project for On Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) spacecraft. The large field-of-view (FOV) of SWAP, combined with an advantageous off-point, allows us to study the eruptions up to approximately 2 solar radii (Rs), where space-based coronagraph observations begin. These measurements provide us with some of the highest EUV observations of an eruption, giving crucial additional data points to track the early evolution of Coronal Mass Ejections. In SWAP observations, we track the evolution of off-limb erupting features as well as associated on-disk EUV waves, and the kinematics of both are calculated. The first eruption shows a clear deceleration throughout the lower corona into coronagraph observations, whereas the second eruption, which had a lower initial velocity, shows no obvious acceleration or deceleration profile. This paper presents a unique set of observations, allowing features observed in EUV to be traced to greater heights in the solar atmosphere, helping to bridge the gap to the FOV of white-light coronagraphs. Even with these favorable data sets, it remains a challenging task to associate features observed in EUV with those observed in white light, highlighting our urgent need for single-instrument observations of the combined lower and middle corona.
Into the Darkness: Classical and Type II Cepheids in the Zona Galactica Incognita
Authors: Dékány István , Hajdu Gergely , Grebel Eva K. , Catelan Márcio
Published: September 2019

The far side of the Milky Way’s disk is one of the most concealed parts of the known universe due to extremely high interstellar extinction and point-source density toward low Galactic latitudes. Large time-domain photometric surveys operating in the near-infrared hold great potential for the exploration of these vast uncharted areas of our Galaxy. We conducted a census of distant classical and type II Cepheids along the southern Galactic midplane using near-infrared photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey. We performed a machine-learned classification of the Cepheids based on their infrared light curves using a convolutional neural network. We have discovered 640 distant classical Cepheids with up to ∼40 mag of visual extinction and over 500 type II Cepheids, most of them located in the inner bulge. Intrinsic color indices of individual Cepheids were predicted from sparse photometric data using a neural network, allowing their use as accurate reddening tracers. They revealed a steep, spatially varying near-infrared extinction curve toward the inner bulge. Type II Cepheids in the Galactic bulge were also employed to measure robust mean selective-to-absolute extinction ratios. They trace a centrally concentrated spatial distribution of the old bulge population with a slight elongation, consistent with earlier results from RR Lyrae stars. Likewise, the classical Cepheids were utilized to trace the Galactic warp and various substructures of the Galactic disk and uncover significant vertical and radial age gradients of the thin disk population at the far side of the Milky Way.
The Siege of Marawi, the impulse to change the capabilities of the Philippine armed forces
Authors: Kutěj Libor
Published: September 2019

In May 2017, Islamists of the South-Philippine Separate Groups of Abu Sajyaf and Maute occupied Marawi City in Mindanao. Five-month fighting was attended by more than 3,000 armed forces against about 1,000 jihadists. Dozens of foreign fighters took part in the fighting on the Islamists side and confirming the pan-Islamic ethos of the Islamic state's ideology in this part of the world. Philippine troops were not prepared for the character of fighting in urbanized environment against motivated and experienced militants. The shortcomings were manifested in the conducting of operations in a heavily built-up area, but also in low-level coordination and limits of capabilities of the technical intelligence. It was decided to create Special Operations Command to which all Philippine special purpose forces are subordinated. The conflict experience has initiated a change of doctrinal approach that focuses on air support to reduce losses due to inaccurate bombing and acquisitions of high-tech reconnaissance and weapon systems.
Contribution to the floristic knowledge of eastern Irpinia and Vulture-Melfese area (Campania and Basilicata, southern Italy)
Authors: Stinca Adriano , Chianese Giuseppina , D’Auria Giuseppe , Fascetti Simonetta , Ravo Maria , Romano Vito Antonio , Salerno Giovanni , Astuti Giovanni , Bartolucci Fabrizio , Bernardo Liliana , Bonari Gianmaria , Bouvet Daniela , Cancellieri Laura , Carli Emanuela , Caruso Giuseppe , Catalano Immacolata , Cennamo Gennaro Domenico , Ciaschetti Giampiero , Conti Fabio , Di Pietro Romeo , Fortini Paola , Gangale Carmen , Lapenna Maria Rita , Lattanzi Edda , Marcucci Rossella , Peccenini Simonetta , Pennesi Riccardo , Perrino Enrico Vito , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Scoppola Anna , Tilia Agnese , Villani Mariacristina , Rosati Leonardo
Published: September 2019

In order to improve the floristic knowledge of the Italian territory, we report the inventory of the taxa collected during the annual field trip of the working group for Floristics, Systematics and Evolution of the Italian Botanical Society held in 2015 in eastern Irpinia and Vulture-Melfese area (South Italy). The investigated territories are located in southern Apennines, along the border between the Campania and Basilicata administrative regions. These areas are scarcely known in terms of vascular flora. The floristic samplings were performed in 19 sites selected as representative of the local environmental diversity as regards to climate, litho-morphology and land-use.

The research led to the identification of 4,137 specimens of vascular plants, belonging to 815 species and subspecies, 399 genera, and 85 families. Among these taxa, 42 were endemic to Italy, 38 were included in the IUCN Red List of the Italian Flora, 28 were alien and 5 were cryptogenic in Campania and/or Basilicata administrative regions. Two taxa, Aquilegia coerulea (casual alien, native to North America) and Lolium × boucheanum (native), were found to be new for Italy. On the basis of the available floristic literature the first one is also to be considered new for the European flora. At regional scale, we have found 18 taxa new for the Campania and 15 new for the Basilicata region. Finally, 10 taxa were confirmed for Campania. Data obtained during this study, confirmed the important role of a collaborative approach among botanists and the great relevance of these territories for plant diversity.
Six years of fruit fly surveys in Bangladesh: a new species, 33 new country records and discovery of the highly invasive Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Leblanc Luc , Hossain M. Aftab , Doorenweerd Camiel , Khan Shakil Ahmed , Momen Mahfuza , San Jose Michael , Rubinoff Daniel
Published: September 2019

We engaged in six years of snap-shot surveys for fruit flies in rural environments and ten protected forest areas of Bangladesh, using traps baited with male lures (cue-lure, methyl eugenol, zingerone). Our work has increased the recorded number of species of Tephritidae in the country from seven to 37. We summarize these surveys and report eight new country occurrence records, and a new species (Zeugodacus madhupuri Leblanc & Doorenweerd, sp. nov.) is described. The highlight among the new records is the discovery, and significant westward range extension, of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, a major fruit pest detected in the Chattogram and Sylhet Divisions. We rectify the previously published erroneous record of Bactrocera bogorensis (Hardy), which was based on a misidentification of Zeugodacus diaphorus (Hendel). We also report the occurrence in Bangladesh of nine other Tephritidae, the rearing of three primary fruit fly parasitoids from Zeugodacus, and records of non-target attraction to fruit fly lures.
André Diligent. Les racines et l’épanouissement d’un positionnement politique original
Authors: Guislin Jean-Marc
Published: September 2019

André Diligent est une personnalité originale et complexe. Pour mieux connaître cet homme de foi et ce leader politique, cet article évoque d’abord les origines familiales et universitaires de ses convictions également forgées au temps de la seconde guerre mondiale et de la Résistance. La deuxième partie étudie son engagement politique qui, dans la fidélité à ses valeurs et à son parti, ne l’empêche pas d’être parfois audacieux et visionnaire. Enfin sont dégagés les éléments clés de son positionnement – l’humanisme chrétien, l’esprit de tolérance, la volonté de rassemblement, l’enracinement local – qui lui confèrent une place un peu à part sur la scène politique française.
L’espoir du Mouvement Réformateur. Un rendez-vous manqué pour André Diligent et pour les centristes
Authors: Delannoy Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2019

Convaincu de la force majoritaire du centre réformateur dans l’électorat, André Diligent a œuvré avec constance pour l’alliance entre partis du centre, afin de donner une traduction politique à cette hégémonie proclamée. L’espoir suscité par la constitution, avec la participation de Diligent, du Mouvement réformateur, s’est brisé sur l’échec complet des élections législatives de 1973. La relance ultérieure de l’entreprise à travers la Fédération des réformateurs n’a permis que la constitution d’une force d’appoint centriste à la majorité présidentielle, bien loin des ambitions initiales et sans perspective réelle de développement. Ce fut pour André Diligent une grande source de déception.
The Portuguese Red Cross Hospital in France during World War I
Authors: Da Silva Helena
Published: September 2019

Durant la première guerre mondiale, les armées ainsi que des organismes privés bénévoles ont joué un rôle fondamental dans les soins aux soldats malades et blessés. Parmi eux, les Sociétés de la Croix Rouge qui disposaient de leurs propres institutions, comme la Croix Rouge portugaise qui a fondé un hôpital à l’arrière du front à Ambleteuse dans le Nord de la France. Quel fut le rôle de la Croix Rouge portugaise en France durant la Grande Guerre et comment a-t-elle collaboré avec les nations alliées ? Afin de mieux comprendre l’impact de cet hôpital dans les soins prodigués aux soldats, cet article comprend une analyse quantitative des registres d’entrées. Cette recherche originale étudie l’implication de la Croix Rouge portugaise dans l’effort de guerre des pays alliés et la création d’un hôpital grâce à la collaboration de plusieurs nations.
Quand Suez raconte l’Égypte
Authors: Piquet Caroline
Published: September 2019

Cet article propose d’interroger la place du canal de Suez dans l’écriture de l’histoire de l’Égypte contemporaine et ses représentations. Le canal tient, dans l’histoire de l’Égypte, une place particulière : il est à la fois considéré comme le moment fondateur d’une nouvelle Égypte et, en même temps, il s’inscrit dans l’histoire longue du pays, avec les échanges depuis l’Antiquité entre la mer Rouge et la mer Méditerranée. L’histoire du canal est indissociable de celle de l’Égypte, mettant en scène des discours et des imaginaires divers selon les périodes. Le récit de son histoire, raconté au travers des écrits, des réalisations artistiques ou architecturales, alimente, jusqu’à s’y confondre, le récit national de l’Égypte.
Un canal pour rire
Authors: Moussa Sarga
Published: September 2019

Le quotidien satirique Le Charivari publia, sous le Second Empire, des textes et des dessins relatifs au chantier et à l’ouverture du canal de Suez. En général favorable à Ferdinand de Lesseps, le journal s’en prend le plus souvent à l’Angleterre et à l’Empire ottoman, longtemps hostiles au projet du creusement de l’isthme. Mais il lui arrive aussi de fustiger la « suezomanie » de Lesseps, et surtout, au moment des fêtes de 1869, il se livre à une critique qui prend également pour cible la bourgeoisie française, à travers la figure du touriste grégaire et envahissant. Amédée de Noé, dit Cham, compte parmi les dessinateurs les plus féconds du Charivari  : tout en réactivant un certain nombre de clichés orientalistes, il fustige aussi, dans la lignée du personnage de M. Prudhomme créé par Henry Monnier, la suffisance de certains Européens invités par le khédive Ismaïl pour célébrer le triomphe du progrès « universel », contribuant du même coup à jeter le soupçon sur ce mythe moderne du « mariage » de l’Orient et de l’Occident.