bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skim coconut milk processing by thermal- and ultrasonic-thermal pasteurization
Authors: Ong Lu Ki , Sutikno Kevin Hosea , Jodie Kennita Alvina , Riadi Lieke
Published: June 2023

The coconut industry in Indonesia is significant for national income, with the potential for value-added products that could enhance the industry’s expansion. Skim coconut milk, a by-product of virgin coconut oil production, is a healthy substitute for dairy milk that can be consumed by people with lactose intolerance. The low-fat and high-protein content of skim coconut milk makes it a healthier alternative to regular coconut milk and cow milk. This study compares ultrasonic-assisted pasteurization of skim coconut milk to conventional pasteurization technique in terms of contamination reduction efficacy and energy efficiency with minimum product characteristic change. The process consisted of thawing frozen skim coconut milk, homogenization of liquid skim coconut milk and pasteurization in a shaking water bath or ultrasonic bath. Total cell counting was conducted, D-value and z-value were estimated to measure the effectiveness of pasteurization in reducing the number of harmful microorganisms in skim coconut milk. The study found that ultrasonic-assisted pasteurization reduced the number of microorganisms more effectively than conventional pasteurization with a lower energy consumption. The study showed the removal efficiency of ultrasonic-assisted pasteurization and conventional pasteurization at 70°C and 15 minutes were 28.74% and 12.33%, respectively. At that condition, energy consumption for every microbial cell being removed was approximately 3 times lower in ultrasonic-assisted pasteurization than the conventional one (0.13 kWh vs. 0.36 kWh). Skim coconut milk processed by ultrasonic-assisted pasteurization at 75°C for 15 minutes featured homogeneous white liquid with shelf time of 11.2 h, which was 2.65 times longer than the unprocessed coconut skim milk. The research suggests that ultrasonic-assisted pasteurization can be a feasible and sustainable processing technology for skim coconut milk, with potential commercial value for small companies and farmers in Indonesia.
What lies in between: Levallois, discoid and intermediate methods
Authors: Bustos-Pérez Guillermo , Baena Javier , Vaquero Manuel
Published: June 2023

Lithic artefacts are usually associated with the different knapping methods used in their production. Flakes exhibit metric and technological features representative of the flaking method used to detach them. However, lithic production is a dynamic process in which discrete methods can be blurred, and in which features can vary throughout the process. An intermediate knapping method between the discoid and Levallois is commonly referred to under an umbrella of terms (the present research uses the term hierarchical discoid), and is associated with a broad geographical and chronological distribution throughout the Early and Middle Palaeolithic. This intermediate knapping strategy exhibits features of both the discoid and Levallois knapping methods, raising the question of the extent to which flakes from the three knapping methods can be differentiated and, when one is mistaken for another, the direction of confusion. An experimental assemblage of flakes detached by means of the three methods was used along with an attribute analysis and machine learning models in an effort to identify the knapping methods employed. In general, our results were able to very effectively differentiate between the three knapping methods when a support vector machine with polynomial kernel was used. Our results also underscored the singularity of flakes detached by means of Levallois reduction sequences, which yielded outstanding identification values, and were rarely erroneously attributed to either of the other two knapping methods studied. Mistaking the products of the discoid and hierarchical discoid methods was the most common direction of confusion, although a good identification value was achieved for discoid flakes and an acceptable value for hierarchical discoid flakes. This shows the potential applicability of machine learning models in combination with attribute analysis for the identification of these knapping methods among flakes.
Implementation of Deep Learning for Image-Based Potato Leaf Disease Detection
Authors: Chandra K Sharath
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Crop Potato is one of the most important food crops worldwide, and potato tuber diseases can cause significant economic losses to farmers and affect food security. Early detection and timely management of potato tuber diseases are critical for reducing losses and increasing crop yields. However, traditional methods of disease detection rely heavily on visual inspection by trained experts, which can be time-consuming, subjective, and prone to errors. The use of deep learning for imagebased potato tuber disease detection offers several advantages over traditional methods. First, it is a non-invasive and nondestructive approach, which means that the potatoes can be inspected without damaging them. Second, it can provide objective and consistent results, which can reduce the variability of disease diagnosis among different experts. Third, deep learning models can process large amounts of data quickly and accurately, making it possible to analyze images from different regions and different seasons. The proposed deep learning approach in this study uses a CNN, which is a type of neural network that is particularly effective for image analysis tasks. The CNN is trained on a dataset of potato tuber images labeled with their corresponding disease classes. The dataset used in this study comprises high-quality images of healthy and diseased potato tubers collected from various sources. The network learns to identify features in the images that are relevant for disease detection. In conclusion, the use of deep learning for image-based potato tuber disease detection offers a promising solution for improving the accuracy and efficiency of disease diagnosis in agriculture
Comprehensive Analysis of Physiochemical Parameters in Lake Goverdhan Sagar: A Study on Water Quality Assessment
Authors: Kumar Mahesh
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical parameters in Lake Goverdhan Sagar, aiming to provide valuable insights into its current environmental status. Water samples were collected from various predetermined sampling sites across the lake during Jan 2023 to April 2023 different sampling stations and depths. A set of physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ion concentrations (such as chloride, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium) were analyzed using standard methods and instruments. The average Temperature of water was 28.57 °C, Colour and Odour disagreeable, and pH of lake was found with mean value of 8.7. During the study the mean value of BOD 3.96 ppm and COD 45.88 ppm was observed. The mean value of dissolved Oxygen (DO) 5.48 was found and satisfactory for the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. Similarly the mean value of nitrogen was determined as 7.24 ppm, which is under permissible limit. The hardness is mainly due to calcium and magnesium ions. During the study, mean value of total hardness, Calcium hardness and Magnesium hardness was observed as 30.82 ppm, 7.40 ppm and 23.43 ppm respectively, which are under permissible limits. Finding of lake water which recorded mean value of total alkalinity 253.58 ppm. During the study mean value of chloride content observed as 165.20 ppm which is below the permissible limit and Fluoride content 0.58 ppm was found as a mean value. According to study the high value of pH, EC and TDS characteristics of Goverdhan Sagar Lake shows its nutrient rich and alkaline nature. The water quality indicated that the water of lake is suitable for the fishery and gardening purpose. However, water of the lake was not found suitable for potable and domestic uses as the high value of bacterial load, bio-chemical oxygen demand and Chemical oxygen demand showed its high pollution status
Detection of Alzheimer’s disease using Magnetic Resonance Images Based on VGG19 & DenseNet169
Authors: Jain Yash
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is a fatal degenerative brain condition. It is a neurological condition that primarily impacts seniors. The disease of Alzheimer's is the main factor in mental illness. Early detection and the right kind of therapy can greatly aid in controlling the complaint because this is a progressing sickness. This design suggests a model that analyses brain MRI sample images to determine whether or not a person has Alzheimer's disease. For this type, we employ the VGG19 and DenseNet169 architectures, providing a comparative study of which frame exhibits promising outcomes.
Investigating Evolutionary Pressures on Protein Sequence: Applications to Drug Resistance in Flatworm Parasites
Authors: Verma Urvashi
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The aim of This report is that it focuses on a particular flatworm called S mansoni and the disease it causes in humans and cattle, called schistosomiasis. This disease causes a million deaths annually across the globe. The drug for this disease is praziquantel, which is quite effective. Though lately, S mansoni is showing resistance towards this drug. In particular, The aim of this project is to find the regions showing evolutionary pressure in its protein structure and, hence, know how the protein structure mutates. The methods used in this project, amongst others, are SNAP, rasmol, clustal omega mainly. They are supported by using fundamentals from PDB, Biomart, blast. These methods are very helpful to biologists or people with less programming experience. This report will explore each method in detail before using them, and the steps needed to properly execute them are discussed as well. Along with the methods, this will use raw data in the form of protein sequence/ FASTA sequence from biomart. For the results, 12 different types of flatworms are chosen but narrowed down to 3-4, which closely resemble the structure of S mansoni. These flatworms are combined into a multiple sequence alignment. They are later compared using SNAP tool. Using the data from SNAP, the dn/ds ratio for each codon number is computed and the type of selection is determined. {dn/ds ratio and selection type are defined in further sections} For discussion and conclusion, the selection type, if positive, shows evolutionary pressure and the protein structure mutates and discusses its inference. It is shown visually through RASMOL tool. This tool helps in locating the binding sites where mutation takes place, so, focusing on those will help future researchers in finding a universal vaccine for this and some other viruses as well. The main finding of this experiment is the detection of regions of positive selection in the protein structure of the flatworm, using dn/ds. Also, the amino acid residues are explored as well. As with every experiment, this report covers the limitations of the process and the future works being carried on. The referencing style is APA Harvard, and the appendix section covers all the raw data used.
Road Survey by using Total Station and Design of Flexible Pavement
Authors: Sahoo Pradyumna , Sarangi Srichandan , Mallik Jeeban Ku. , Tirkey Anima , Sahoo Chitrabhanu
Published: June 2023

Abstract: In the current scenario the growth of a nation is totally depends upon the road infrastructure and connectivity of that nation. So, at the same time it’s equally important to construct sustainable and environment friendly roads in the country. This study compares the applications of novel surveying technologies for road surface mapping by total Stations and design of flexible pavement by using IIT pave. This project is on GIFT college Gate to Khordha - Chandaka Road. This is the road that connect our college and it is around 300 m stretch. In particular, a Leica TCRP 1203 instruments was used for surveying. This study deals with issues of road surveying under light traffic condition, the safety of surveyors, work methodology, optimization of surveying time, traffic volume study during 8.00-9.00am and 3.30-4.30pm. The aspects of data processing, assessment, traffic analysis, flexible pavement design as per IRC:37-2018 are also handled. Possible reasons for detected discrepancies between different approaches are discussed in detail. The methods in question both allow the accurate determination of paving material volumes that should be milled off the upper layer of the road surface and the volume of the filling material required to achieve a smooth road surface. However, this study evaluates the use of conventional surveying methods such as total station surveying in road surface mapping and design of flexible pavement (code IRC: 37) as well as the material evaluation. Now-a-days, handling the waste from different industry is a challenge. So, this study also evaluates the sustainability of waste material to construct the flexible pavement inside the college campus. Software used IIT pave, AutoCAD, Staad Pro
Modelling and Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on MATLAB/ Simulink
Authors: Raut Avinash Banduji
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Due to the more vigorous regulations on carbon gas emissions and fuel economy, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) are becoming more popular in the automobile industry. This paper presents a neural network based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller for 1.26 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), supplying electric vehicle powertrain through a high voltage-gain DC-DC boost converter. The proposed neural network MPPT controller uses Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) algorithm for tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PEMFC. High switching frequency and high voltage gain DC-DC converters are essential for the propulsion of FCEV. In order to attain high voltage gain, a three-phase high voltage gain Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) is also designed for FCEV system. The interleaving technique reduces the input current ripple and voltage stress on the power semiconductor devices. The performance analysis of the FCEV system with RBFN based MPPT controller is compared with the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) in MATLAB/Simulink platform.
Use of Waste Material as Filler in Bituminous Mix Design
Authors: Yadav Balram Singh , Kumar Ankit
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Bituminous concrete is a costlier and highest payment flexible payment layer. For satisfy the design requirements of stability and durability the bituminous mixes should be designed effectively. The ingredients of the mixture include dense grading of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, fillers and bitumen binder. In this Study an attempt was made to find the effect of filler on the behavior of bituminous mixes. Fillers play an important role in the filling of voids and hence change the physical and chemical properties. Thus their effect is of utter importance. Bitumen in combination with filler forms mastic. This mastic can be seen as a constituent of mixture of asphalt that holds the aggregates together. An important role is played by the fillers that pass through 0.075mm sieve. With the increase in the amount of filler, Marshall Stability of the bitumen mix increases directly. Use of 4-8% filler in asphalt concrete is recommended by the Asphalt Institute. In India, waste concrete dust and brick dust are considered to be cheaper and are available in plenty. In this study an attempt was made to find the effect of fillers on the bitumen mixes. In this study, concrete dust and brick dust was used as filler. The properties of bituminous mixes containing these fillers were studied and compared with each other. For the purpose of comparison Marshall Method of mix design was used. In this study various tests were also conducted on aggregates and bitumen and the results were compared with the specifications. The study revealed that use of concrete dust and brick dust as filler improves the physical characteristics of bitumen. Marshall Stability and flow value of bitumen mix also improved.
Control Scheme for AC-DC Grid Connected Hybrid Energy System for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Chatap Pavan Anil , Malwar Prof. Nikita
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Renewable electricity assets inclusive of air, solar, water, biomass, and many others. Are crucial for sustainable development and social development, in addition to assembly power wishes through the usage of renewable electricity resources. Complete renewable electricity such as wind strength is needed in the energy device to lessen environmental influences. The project proposes the STATCOM manage plan for grid-connected wind electricity structures to increase strength excellent. The bang-bang controller changed into advanced for STATCOM primarily based at the hysteresis cutting-edge manipulate scheme. STATCOM has been merged with common coupling to reduce electricity excellent problems. The STATCOM manage scheme implemented for the grid related wind strength era machine used to enhance the power quality is simulated the usage of the MATLAB / Simulink inside the electricity device block set. This proposed scheme ensures an increase in energy great in production output.
Analysis of Textbook “Ilmu Saraf Untuk Pemula” Third Edition Writen by Abu Razin and Ummu Razin (Development Textbook Principles)
Authors: Mirma Afdhal Fikri , Nurdianto Talqis , Hajib Zainal Abidin
Published: June 2023

This article aimed to analyze the book "Sarf science for beginners third edition by Abu Razin and Ummu Razin" based on the theory of development textbook principles and to find out the strengths and weaknesses of textbook. This research was qualitative method, it is literature research with descriptive analysis method. According to the results of this research, the Sharaf Science book for beginners has been revised and developed twice, based on suggestions and recommendations from teachers and students. The sociocultural principle is a weakness in this textbook because the author paid little attention to this principle, especially in giving examples in the discussion of sarf which aims to understand the Qur'an. Supposedly, giving examples in this book should also represent the themes of Arab culture. There is no appropriate use for this book for learners who is younger than 15 years old since it doesn't address the psychological state of these learners. The principles of psychology, pedagogy, and language are the strengths of this book. There are several striking strengths of this book, including how the author facilitates the ability of students to learn independently, and how teachers are given several videos for free about the explanation and teaching of the book, directly practiced by the author. This textbook still has few typos and a lot of blank spaces on some pages, and it does not explain in detail, for example in the discussion of fi'il mu'tal, the origin of the word and the history of its changes, although the author has provided a video of the learning process on YouTube. How good it would be if the explanation was later included in the book.
Pengaruh Jenis Substrat terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Glass Eel Anguilla bicolor pacifica
Authors: Tantu Fadly Y. , Fadli Moh. , Nilawati Jusri
Published: June 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan tipe substrat yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup glass eel Anguilla bicolor pacifica dalam skala laboratorium. Penelitian didesain dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu perlakuan A (tanpa substrat), B (substrat kerikil), C (substrat pasir), dan D (substrat lumpur),dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak enam kali. Padat tebar glass eel 10 ekor/wadah (10L) dengan waktu pemeliharaan selama enam puluh hari. Selama pemeliharaan ikan diberi pakan cacing Tubifex sebanyak 20% dari biomassanya. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup. Data dianalisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan substrat berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap pertumbuhan glass eel. Bobot tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan dengan substrat kerikil yaitu sebesar (14,78 g), dan terendah pada perlakuan tanpa substrat (A) yaitu (7,38 g). Kelangsungan hidup pada perlakuan menggunakan substrat (B, C dan D) sebesar 100%, sedangkan pada perlakuan tanpa substrat (A) sebesar 94%.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia
Authors: Fikran Fikran , Mustapa Kasmudin , Ratman Ratman , Jura Minarni Rama
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan efektivitas pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19 terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa SMA Negeri 1 Ampibabo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif- kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 guru dan 171 siswa. Instrument pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah data hasil penilaian, teks wawancara dan  angket motivasi belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data wawancara menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan pada masa pandemi covid-19 masih kurang efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa bila dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran tatap muka. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada nilai rata-rata hasil belajar sebelum pandemi (226,23) lebih tinggi dari nilai rata-rata hasil belajar dimasa pandemi (116,77) yang menerapkan pembelajaran daring. Selain itu juga didapatkan tingkat motivasi siswa terhadap pembelajaran daring berada pada kategori positif dengan sikap ragu-ragu yaitu 67,34%. Siswa perlu dibiasakan untuk banyak mengakses internet terutama pada aplikasi-aplikasi pembelajaran daring agar siswa dapat terlatih menggunakan aplikasi saat pembelajaran sehingga proses pembelajaran daring menjadi efektif untuk dilaksanakan di masa pandemic covid19 ini
Analisis Kandungan Asam Lemak Ikan Sidat (Anguilla Bicolor) Asal Danau Poso
Authors: Toiba Yulvani , Sabang Sri Mulyani , Tahril Tahril , Aminah Sitti
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar asam lemak ikan sidat (Anguilla Bicolor) yang berasal dari danau Poso. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar lemak kasar ialah metode ektrasksi shoxletasi hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar lemak pada ikan sidat (Anguilla Bicolor) asal danau Poso = 1,94 %. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui komposisi asam lemak pada ikan sidat dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas dengan komposisi asam lemak yang ditemukan pada ikan sidat (Anguilla Bicolor) meliputi asam lemak jenuh 51,89%, asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal = 42,68%, dan asam lemak tak jenuh jamak = 7,99%.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar
Authors: Rahmadhani Wiwin , Suherman Suherman
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 1 Moutong melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit. Metode dalam penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Moutong berjumlah 36 orang yang terdaftar pada tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum melakukan pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit diperoleh persentase minat belajar siswa sebesar 27,78% atau masuk dalam kategori rendah. Hasil observasi guru diperoleh persentase pertemuan 1 sebesar 84,61% dan persentase pertemuan 2 sebesar 86,53%. Hasil observasi siswa diperoleh rata-rata pertemuan 1 sebesar 83,12% dan rata-rata pertemuan 2 sebesar 86,45%. Kemudian setelah melakukan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit minat belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan, dengan persentase minat belajar siswa sebesar 77,78% atau masuk dalam kategori tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 1 Moutong.
 
Kata kunci : Minat Belajar, Larutan Elektrolit dan NonElektrolit, Problem Based Learning (PBL)
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Balaroa (Kleinhovia hospita L.) Menggunakan DPPH
Authors: Edy Uci , Supriadi Supriadi , Diah Anang Wahid Muhammad , Jura Minarni Rama
Published: June 2023

Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun balaroa (Kleinhovia hospita L) menggunakan senyawa DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) sebagai penyedia radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas antioksidan kuat, sedang atau lemah pada ekstrak daun balaroa. Serbuk daun balaroa diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol absolut. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun balaroa dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, dan 100 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun balaroa dianalisis menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai IC50 ekstrak daun balaroa sebesar 145,211 ppm sedangkan larutan pembanding vitamin C sebesar 4,909 ppm.
Uji Daya Simpan Biskuit Dari Formulasi Campuran Tepung Labu Siam (Sechium Edule) dan Kacang Hijau (Vigna Radiata)
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati , Sakung Jamaludin
Published: June 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui umur simpan biskuit dari campuran tepung labu siam (Sechium edule) dan tepung kacang hijau (Vigna radiata). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah biskuit yang terbuat dari tepung labu siam (Sechium edule) dan kacang hijau (Vignaradiata). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-September 2020 yang diawali dengan pembuatan biskuit dari formulasi tepung labu siam dan kacang hijau. Analisis data untuk pendugaan umur simpan biskuit menggunakan metode Arrhenius. Hasil penelitian menggunakan metode ASLT. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, umur simpan biskuit dari campuran tepung labu siam (Sechium edule) dan formulasi kacang hijau (Vignaradiata) paling tinggi diperoleh pada tepung labu siam 100% pada suhu 25 oC selama 177 hari. Kacang hijau 100% tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu 25 oC selama 176 hari. Tepung labu siam 50% dan kacang hijau 50% tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu 25 oC selama 187 hari. Tepung labu siam 75% tertinggi dan kacang hijau 25% diperoleh pada suhu 25 oC selama 170 hari. Tepung labu siam 25% dan kacang hijau 75% tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu 45oC selama 195 hari.
Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium and Phosphorus in Durian Seed Flour Food Products
Authors: Said Irwan , Hamzah Baharuddin , Sakung Jamaluddin , Ningsih Purnama , Wahyuni Poppy Fitra , Rezki Rezki
Published: June 2023

Durian seed flour can be used for the manufacture of food products such as sticks and steamed sponges. Sticks and steamed sponge cake are foods that many people like from children to adults.  Durian seed flour is rich in minerals including magnesium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. This study aims to determine the content of magnesium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus in food products from durian seed flour using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.   The results showed that the magnesium content in the sticks of durian seed flour with formulation 1 (0% durian seed flour) amounted to 84,053 mg/kg, formulation 2 (50% durian seed flour) amounted to 145,213 mg/kg and formulation 3 (100% durian seed flour) amounted to 142,313 mg/kg.  Potassium content on sticks from durian seed flour with formulation 1 (0% durian seed flour) of 1,186 mg/kg, formulation 2 (50% durian seed flour) of 1,863 mg / kg and formulation 3 (100% durian seed flour) of 1,693 mg/kg.  The calcium content in steamed sponge from durian seed flour with formulation 1 (0% durian seed flour) of 30.37 mg/kg, formulation 2 (50% durian seed flour) of 37.84 mg/kg and formulation 3 (100% durian seed flour) of 35.84 mg /kg. While the phosphorus content n steamed sponge from durian seed flour with formulation 1 (0% durian seed flour) of 17.1 mg/kg, formulation 2 (50% durian seed flour) of 27.1 mg/kg and formulation 3 (100% durian seed flour) of 24.3 mg/kg.
Zolpidem Detection and Blood Level in Acute Poisoning-suspected Patients in Emergency Departments: Review of 229 Cases
Authors: Yu Jaehyung , Chang Hanseok , Won Sinae , Yeom Jeonghun , Lee Arum , Park Na-Youn , Oh Bum Jin
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs (including zolpidem) are associated with an increased risk of suicide and suicidal ideation. Considering the wide usage of zolpidem, this drug should be considered a possible etiology for stupor or coma in any patient exposed to this drug. However, there are no reports on zolpidem blood levels in emergency department patients in Korea. We therefore reviewed the analyzed data of a toxicology laboratory at one university affiliated hospital. Methods: The sex, age, chief symptoms, suspiciousness of poisoning, and presumption of poison were analyzed from January 2018 to June 2019. The detection frequency and level of zolpidem in the patient blood were compared to the mental changes presented, which is the main consequence of zolpidem. Results: A total of 229 toxicological analyses, requested to a toxicological laboratory at one university affiliated hospital, were reviewed. Among 229 patients, the mean age was 54.3±20.7 years old with 113 women and 116 men. 8.7% of patients have psychiatric illness and 39.7% were poisoned intentionally. The chief symptoms detected were: mental change 55.0%, gastrointestinal 14.4%, cardiovascular 10.5%, focal neurological 7.4%, respiratory 3.5%, none 8.7%, and unknown 0.4%. A request for detailed reports revealed that causative poisons were specified only in 20.1% cases. Zolpidem was detected in 22.3% cases (51/229), with median blood level 1.26 mg/L (interquartile 0.1, 5.06 mg/L) and urine 0.90 mg/L (interquartile 0.11, 5.6 mg/L). Furthermore, zolpidem was more frequently detected in toxicology analysis of patients where mental change was the primary symptom, as compared to other symptoms (32.5% vs. 9.7%, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study reported the blood level of zolpidem in suspected poisoning patients admitted to the emergency department.
Systematic Review of Vitamin B12 Regimen for Patient with Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Following Nitrous Oxide Abuse
Authors: Chung Jin Seok , Choa Min Hong , Chung Sung Phil , Park In Cheol
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin B12 treatment in subacute combined degeneration (SCD) caused by nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse. Methods: Relevant literature was accessed through PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and KoreaMed. All the literature that was relevant to human use of vitamin B12 treatment for SCD caused by N2O abuse was included. Case reports were excluded if the treatment regimens were not precisely described. The literature search was conducted by two investigators during September 2019 for the final publication period. The languages of the publications were restricted to English and Korean. Results: Twenty-three published articles that contained 24 cases were included. Sixteen cases among them were treated with intramuscular vitamin B12 of 1 mg/day and the rest received different doses or routes. Although most cases described significant clinical improvements, one case showed no beneficial effect due to the patient's noncooperation. Another case showed adverse events, including spinal myoclonus, following vitamin B12 therapy. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 has been broadly used for the treatment of SCD caused by N2O abuse. However, most of the relevant studies were case reports that reported various regimens of vitamin B12 administration. Further studies are needed to establish a standard regimen of vitamin B12 because the incidence of N2O abuse may increase in South Korea.
Holotoxin A1 from Apostichopus japonicus inhibited oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis by inducing oxidative damage in Candida albicans
Authors: Liao Min , Xia Xuekui , Meng Qingzhou , Zhu chengguang , Liao Binyou , Wang Jiannan , Gou Lichen , Zhou Xuedong , Yuan Wenpeng , Cheng Lei , Ren Biao
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose: The holotoxin A1, isolated from Apostichopus
japonicus, has shown potent antifungal activities with unclear mechanism
and efficacy against candidiasis. This study aimed to reveal the
antifungal effects and mechanism of holotoxin A1 against Candida
albicans in vitro and in candidiasis murine models for the first time.
Experimental Approach: The antifungal effect of holotoxin A1 against C.
albicans was tested in vitro. To explore the antifungal mechanism of
holotoxin A1, the transcriptome, ROS levels, and mitochondrial function
of C. albicans was evaluated. The oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal
candidiasis mouse models were used to verify the effectiveness and
systematic toxicity in vivo. Key Results: Holotoxin A1 was a potent
fungicide against C. albicans SC5314, clinical strains and
drug-resistant strains. Holotoxin A1 inhibited the oxidative
phosphorylation and induced oxidative damage by increasing intracellular
accumulation of ROS in C. albicans. Holotoxin A1 caused the disfunction
of mitochondria by depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and
reducing the production of ATP. Holotoxin A1 directly inhibited the
enzymatic activity of mitochondrial complex I (CI) and antagonized with
the rotenone, an inhibitor of CI, against C. albicans. Meanwhile, the CI
subunit NDH51 null mutants showed the decreased susceptibility to
holotoxin A1. Furthermore, holotoxin A1 significantly reduced fungal
burden and infections with no significant systemic toxicity in
oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis murine models. Conclusions
and Implications: Holotoxin A1 was a promising candidate for the
development of novel antifungal drug against both oropharyngeal and
intra-abdominal candidiasis, especially caused by the drug resistant
strains.
Climate warming and selective adaptation to thermal refugia
Authors: Kaur Taranjot , Deb Smita , Dutta Partha Sharathi
Published: June 2023

The impact of climate warming on biodiversity loss is exacerbated not
only by changes in mean but also by spatio-temporal variability in
temperature. Access to refugia can mitigate the impact of thermal
fluctuations amongst species. The effectiveness of refugia during
periods of adverse warming scenarios, i.e., seasonal fluctuations,
hotter-than-average summers, and warmer-than-average winters remains
largely unexplored. Here, we study a bio-energetic consumer-resource
model and identify the mixed success of refugia in maintaining species
persistence and stability, depending on the amplitude of fluctuations,
diverse warming scenarios, and species body size. Whilst refugia
withhold otherwise inevitable extinction at high amplitude fluctuations
in all the warming scenarios, at lower amplitudes, they may not provide
similar benefits. This arises due to non-monotone thermal responses of
their foraging efforts and monotonically increasing metabolic
requirements. The qualitative difference among thermal responses leads
to more energy losses rather than gains at low amplitudes. We find that
refugia are most beneficial during hotter summers and least during
typical seasonal fluctuations. Our results also suggest that refugia can
be more favourable to species in temperate and Mediterranean regions,
unlike those inhabiting tropical regions. We also consider an extreme
heat wave event and observe that small-bodied species can counteract
their negative effects by seeking refuge at low amplitudes. Overall, our
work hints at selective adaptation to refugia - conditioned on the
aggregated effect of thermal conditions of the local habitat and species
body size - as a mechanism for biodiversity maintenance.
Time-of-Use Period Partition Based on Improved Fuzzy C-Means and Abnormal Period Correction
Authors: Wang Peng , Ma Yiwei , Ling Zhiqi , Luo Gen-hong
Published: June 2023

In time-of-use tariff period partition, clustering algorithms are
commonly used. However, as load demands become more diverse in this big
data era, large amount of non-linear data makes conventional clustering
algorithms methods no longer be applicable in this field alone. Facing
high-time-resolution daily load data with strong non-linearity, we
propose a new method to partition periods. It consists of an improved
fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and a correction method for abnormal
periods. Firstly, we propose modified fuzzy membership functions to
improve the initialization of clustering for operation efficiency.
Secondly, the method for calculating the fuzzy parameters based on the
loss function is given. Thirdly, the initial period partition is
obtained by the improved clustering. Next, the recognition model and
fuzzy subsethood-based correction model for abnormal periods are
structed, then the corrected period partition is confirmed. Finally, the
effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by two daily load data
with a time resolution of 5 minutes.
Revealing the Demographic History of the European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus).
Authors: Day George , Fox Graeme , Hipperson Helen , Maher Kathryn , Tucker Rachel , Horsburgh Gavin , Waters Dean , Durrant K. L. , Arnold Kathryn , Burke Terry , Slate J.
Published: June 2023

A species’ demographic history provides important context to
contemporary population genetics and a possible insight into past
responses to climate change. An individual’s genome provides a window
into the evolutionary history of contemporary populations. Pairwise
Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) analysis uses information from
a single genome to derive fluctuations in effective population size
change over the last ~5 million years. Here we apply
PSMC analysis to two European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) genomes,
sampled in Northwest and Southern Europe, with the aim of revealing the
demographic history of nightjar in Europe. We successfully reconstructed
effective population size over the last 5 million years for two
contemporary nightjar populations. Our analysis shows that nightjar are
responsive to global climate change, with effective population size
broadly increasing under stable warm periods and decreasing during
cooler spans and prolonged glacial periods. PSMC analysis on the
pseudo-diploid combination of the two genomes revealed fluctuations in
gene flow between the populations over time, with gene flow ceasing by
the last-glacial maximum. This pattern of differentiation is in line
with the species utilising different refugia during glacial maxima. We
suggest that nightjar in Europe may show latitudinal (East-West) genetic
structuring as a result of reduced gene flow between different glacial
refugia. Finally, our results suggest that migratory behaviour in
nightjar likely evolved prior to the last-glacial maximum, with
long-distance migration seemingly persisting throughout the Pleistocene.
However, further genetic structure analysis of nightjar from known
breeding sites across the species’ contemporary range is needed to fully
understand the extent and origins of range-wide differentiation in the
species.
Impact of Fear of COVID-19 on Employee Productivity and Work Satisfaction - A case study from the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Adeel Nabeela , Shahzad Rameen , Taimur Rida
Published: June 2023

A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analytical approach is used, to explore the present research influence of COVID-19 fear on job satisfaction and productivity among workers at an ABC Bank branch in Pakistan. The sample data of 230 employees were analyzed to determine if COVID-19 had any effect on employee satisfaction and productivity, as well as if satisfaction influenced productivity. Cross-sectional data were collected through self-report questionnaires and an interview. The research was focused on Pakistan’s banking industry, which includes 29 banks, and used PLS-SEM as a data analysis method. Results indicate that COVID-19 did not have a significant impact on either satisfaction or productivity. However, the study highlights the varying degrees of awareness of COVID-19 and its spread, which can cause different levels of psychological and behavioral effects. Overall, this research contributes to the existing literature on COVID-19 and its impact on employee well-being and work performance. The Qualitative findings support the finding of quantitative research findings
A História e Práticas Literárias com Temática Espírita: Um Estudo de Quatro Autores
Authors: Dias José
Published: June 2023

Este artigo procura identificar e analisar como alguns literatos e intelectuais brasileiros, entre 1860 e 1930, recepcionaram em suas produções literárias e ou missivas a temática espírita a partir do seu corpus doutrinário. Muitos literatos, cuja trajetória de vida, estava de alguma forma identificada com as mesmas propostas que o Espiritismo apresentava para aquela sociedade do século XIX. Eles articularam e comunicaram através de suas obras as representações conceituais da Doutrina Espírita. Essa nova Filosofia, ao ser concebida em 1857 na França por Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail, conhecido pelo pseudônimo de Allan Kardec, encontrou imediata receptividade no universo literário francês e também brasileiro. O Espiritismo é uma doutrina assentada na ênfase racionalista e progressista, irrompe num momento de efervescência intelectual, oferecendo ao homem a oportunidade de compreender seu destino ao findar a vida de relação, incorporando discussões assentadas em novas bases, de caráter científico e filosófico.
The relationship between diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease phenotypes: a UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: I Brown Oliver , Drozd Michael , McGowan Hugo , Giannoudi Marilena , Conning-Rowland Marcella , Gierula John , Straw Sam , B Wheatcroft Stephen , Bridge Katherine , D Roberts Lee , Levelt Eylem , Ajjan Ramzi , J Griffin Kathryn , A Bailey Marc , T Kearney Mark , M Cubbon Richard
Published: June 2023

  

Objective

Obesity and diabetes frequently co-exist, yet their individual contributions to cardiovascular risk remain debated. We explored cardiovascular disease biomarkers, events and mortality in UK Biobank stratified by body mass index (BMI) and diabetes.

Research design and Methods

451,355 participants were stratified by ethnicity-specific BMI categories (normal, overweight, obese) and diabetes status. We examined cardiovascular biomarkers including: carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT); arterial stiffness; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac contractility index (CCI). Poisson regression models estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death, with normal weight non-diabetes as comparator. 

Results

5% of participants had diabetes (10% normal weight, 34% overweight and 55% obese; versus 34%, 43% and 23%, respectively, in non-diabetes). In the non-diabetes group, overweight/obesity was associated with higher CIMT, arterial stiffness and CCI, and lower LVEF (p<0.005); these relationships were diminished in the diabetes group. Within BMI classes, diabetes was associated with adverse cardiovascular biomarker phenotype (p<0.005), particularly in the normal weight group. After 5,323,190 person-years follow-up, incident myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and cardiovascular mortality rose across increasing BMI categories without diabetes (p<0.005); this was comparable in the diabetes groups (p-interaction>0.05). Normal weight diabetes had comparable adjusted cardiovascular mortality to obese non-diabetes (IRR 1.22 [95% confidence interval: 0.96-1.56]; p=0.1).

Interpretation

Obesity and diabetes are additively associated with adverse cardiovascular biomarkers and mortality risk. Whilst adiposity metrics are more strongly correlated with cardiovascular biomarkers than diabetes-oriented metrics, both correlate weakly, suggesting other factors underpin the high cardiovascular risk of normal-weight diabetes. 
Propriedades mecânicas de filmes à base de polissacarídeos para embalagens de alimentos: uma revisão
Authors: Bacca González César Augusto , Molina Soler Diana Edith , Guevara Guerrero Beatriz
Published: June 2023

Em busca de encontrar alternativas que permitam diminuir o uso indevido de polímeros derivados de hidrocarbonetos e seus efeitos colaterais com o meio ambiente. O objetivo da seguinte revisão bibliográfica sistemática foi comparar o comportamento mecânico à tração de filmes feitos com quitosana, amido de batata e hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMC), utilizados para a embalagem de produtos alimentícios, comparando sua tensão de tração, módulo de elasticidade e deformação à ruptura. A busca foi realizada no SCOPUS, Science Direct, Scielo a nível nacional (Colômbia) e repositórios da Universidad Nacional Abierta y Distancia (UNAD) e Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) durante 2013-2022, implementando diferentes equações de busca. A partir do estudo bibliográfico, foi analisado que a HPMC apresenta as melhores propriedades mecânicas de tração (tensão de tração: 32,44MPa; deformação à ruptura: 17,37%; módulo de elasticidade: 305MPa), seguida de perto pela quitosana (tensão de tração: 32,01 MPa; deformação à ruptura: 15,5%; módulo de elasticidade: 303,5 MPa) e, finalmente, amido de batata (tensão de tração: 10,56 MPa; deformação à ruptura: 11,89%; módulo de elasticidade: 395 MPa). Espera-se que esta revisão de literatura promova o desenvolvimento e aplicação de filmes à base de polissacarídeos para embalagens de alimentos pela indústria como uma estratégia para resolver problemas ambientais e para suas propriedades mecânicas ótimas.
DAMPs and Gliosis
Authors: Mahaling Binapani
Published: June 2023

Glial cells change their morphology, molecular signature, and functional events in response to neurodegenerative diseases and injury in the brain and retina. This process is termed gliosis. Gliosis is context-dependent, based on the severity of the diseases or damage, and can be protective or detrimental to neural functioning. Recent reports show that Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules that are released from damaged or dying cells associated with gliosis. This article is focused on the pathological and protective role of extracellular, cytosolic, and nuclear DAMPs on gliosis.
A Study to Assess The Excess Use of Smart Phone Among Adolescents (17-18 Years) with a View to Develop Information Pamphlet on Ill Effects of Smart Phone in a Selected College of Mysuru
Authors: K Ambika
Published: June 2023

Adolescent has been defined by WHO as the period of lifespan of the age between 10-19 years. It is formative period of life when maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes take place. A smart phone is a handheld personal computer. It possesses extensive computing capabilities, including high-speed access to the internet using both Wi-Fi and mobile broad band service. It is a dependence syndrome seen among adolescents those who exhibit problematic behaviours. The main aim of this study was to assess the excess use of smart phone among the adolescents and to develop information pamphlet on ill effects of Smartphone among adolescents. The research approach selected for the study was descriptive survey approach and research design was descriptive design. The sample of present study comprised of adolescents (17- 18 years) in JSS Arts, commerce and science college of Mysuru. In the present study, 60 samples were selected through non probability convenience sampling technique. Data collection tool includes Personal variables proforma to collect the sample’s demographic profiles and Rating scale to assess the excess use of smart phone among adolescents (17-18 years). Findings of the study revealed that mean scores of excess use of Smartphone of adolescents was 40.7 with standard deviation of ±5.1 and the scores were ranged between 32-48. Out of 60 Samples, 49(81.7%) of adolescents are at the potential risk, and 11(18.3%) of adolescents are at high risk for excess use of Smartphone.