bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGENALAN INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN DALAM INVESTASI PADA SISWA SMA NEGERI BALUNG
Authors: Wulandari Sari Dewi Oktavianti , Rosana Manna , Andariana Yulia , Isabella Nurullah , Bachtiar Fatim Rosa , Wahyudi Muhammad Nur , Fajri Gilang , Raharjo Marcerio Tri Putra , Faisandra Mariska Amalia , Saputra Aditya Fernanda Raihan , Gunasti Amri
Published: September 2024

Pendidikan merupakan aspek krusial dalam proses pembangunan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan ekonomi. SMA Negeri Balung, sebagai salah satu sekolah unggulan di Kecamatan Balung, menerapkan program Full Day School. Sayangnya selama ini tidak ada mata pelajaran khusus mengenai investasi. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, siswa diperkenalkan dengan konsep Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dalam investasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang investasi dan penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Siswa mampu menstimulasikan analisa investasi pada studi kasus proyek konstruksi. Metode kegiatan mencakup penyampaian rapat koordinasi, pembuatan materi, pembuatan surat tugas dan proposal, survey lokasi pengabdian,  penyerahan surat tugas dan proposal, pelaksanaan pengabdian serta evaluasi keberhasilan pengabdian. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri Balung Jember pada 24 April 2024. Sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan, tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap Internal Rate of Return (IRR) rata-rata sebesar 48. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman siswa, di mana skor rata-rata post-test 79. Kegiatan ini telah meningkatkan kemampuan siswa sebesar 31 poin. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa pengenalan IRR berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang investasi dan aplikasinya di masa depan. Siswa menunjukkan partisipasi aktif selama sesi penyampaian materi.
OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI UMKM RUMAH BOULU MELALUI RE-DESAIN ALAT CETAKAN KUE ULAT SUTERA
Authors: Imansyah Fitri , Batubara Hafzoh , Djanggu Noveicalistus H , Sujana Ivan
Published: September 2024

Perancangan produk merupakan suatu rangkaian aktivitas yang diawali dengan analisa suatu persepsi dan besarnya peluang di pasar, selanjutnya diakhiri pada tahap produksi, penjualan, dan pengiriman produk. Merancang dapat yang benar-benar produk baru atau pengembangan dari produk yang sudah ada, sehingga mendapatkan peningkatan kinerja dari produk tersebut. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan produksi pada UMKM Rumah Boulu melalui re-desain alat cetakan kue ulat sutera. Selama ini, proses produksi kue ulat sutera menggunakan alat cetakan manual yang memerlukan tenaga besar dan memiliki kapasitas produksi terbatas. Hal ini menyebabkan kesulitan dalam memenuhi permintaan yang meningkat terutama pada hari-hari besar. Re-desain alat cetakan ini menggunakan metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD) dan pendekatan antropometri untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi serta mengurangi kelelahan dan nyeri pada pergelangan tangan dan bahu pekerja. Hasil re-desain menunjukkan bahwa alat baru mampu meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dari 200 gram per cetakan menjadi 500 gram per cetakan karena dilengkapi dengan dua tabung. Selain itu, alat ini dirancang lebih ergonomis sehingga dapat digunakan dalam posisi duduk yang nyaman bagi pekerja, mengurangi kelelahan yang berlebihan. Analisis kelayakan usaha dengan menggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, Profitability Index, dan Return on Investment (ROI) menunjukkan bahwa usaha ini sangat layak untuk dijalankan. Dengan demikian, re-desain alat cetakan kue ulat sutera ini tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi produksi tetapi juga kesejahteraan pekerja di UMKM Rumah Boulu.
Arrangement of Coastal Area Management Institutions Bantul and Kulon Progo Regencies
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad , Poedjirahajoe Erny , Hermawan Much. Taufik Tri , Djumanto
Published: September 2024

The most dominant community activities are sand farming and tourism, while government intervention is in the form of infrastructure development, establishing conservation areas, protection, and tourism. The coastal areas of Bantul and Kulon Progo Regencies in DI Yogyakarta are naturally influenced by the supply of sand sedimentation from Mount Merapi, wind, and beach wave energy. However, this area has now become an area for agriculture, tourism, and other economic businesses, supported by various infrastructures. The condition shows that there is interpenetration of the ecological system by the social system and the development policy system. This research aims to organize coastal area management institutions as a result of interpenetration. The method used combines the social-ecological systems theory approach with social systems theory, which aims to get an overview of the dynamics of interpenetration. The research results show that interpenetration between the three systems occurs repeatedly and creates reciprocal symptoms. This research recommends that institutional governance be used as a middle way to reduce vulnerability, increase resilience, and strengthen sustainability. Institutional governance places the social system and development policy system as subjects, and the ecological system and the other two systems as objects.
Management Ecology and Coastal Area Development Policy Bantul and Kulon Regencies Progo
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad , Poedjirahajoe Erny , Hermawan Much . Taufik Tri , Djumanto
Published: September 2024

Management area coast Bantul and Kulon Regencies Progo important done, in discourse connection with system social or activity man often without notice continuity source Power nature and power support the environment or system its ecology. In development, system ecology interprenate come back system policy development in form disturbances environment or phenomenon happen inconsistency on rule legislation That own and high costs for anticipate it. Over each other interpenetration between system that, is important for lower vulnerability and improve resilience area coast through non-formal, formal and political approaches. With use an ecological systems approach is important done and deep study This show that system ecology area coast penetrated by the system policy development is very strong and massive. Research result show that Dynamics each other interpenetration also occurs in the system policy development to system ecology. Variety development ongoing infrastructure massive in time short on the area coastal, has bring up interpenetration come back system ecology
EFEITO DOS DIFERENTES MATERIAIS ORGÂNICOS E MINERAIS NA QUALIDADE DO SUBSTRATO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE HORTALIÇAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVO ARIPUANÃ-AM
Authors: martins Ericka souza , Oliveira Danielle Monteiro
Published: September 2024

UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS

Na Amazônia 75% dos solos são constituídos por Latossolos, que possuem solos baixa fertilidade natural, porém, com boas propriedades físicas com capacidade de dren
Formação Docente na Contemporaneidade: Desafios, Inovações e Perspectivas
Authors: Brizolla Francéli
Published: September 2024

O livro Formação Docente na Contemporaneidade: Desafios, Inovações e Perspectivas reúne uma série de reflexões e pesquisas que abordam os principais desafios da formação de professores no século XXI. A obra discute temas essenciais, como a inclusão educacional, o impacto das tecnologias no ensino, o desenvolvimento de habilidades socioemocionais e o papel do autoconhecimento no sucesso acadêmico. A partir da perspectiva de diferentes autoras e autores, esta obra oferece uma visão crítica e inovadora sobre as transformações necessárias na educação, convidando educadores a repensarem suas práticas e a se prepararem para um cenário em constante mudança.
Dinamika Politik Afghanistan pasca Mundurnya Uni Soviet hingga Masa Enduring Freedom, 1989-2001
Authors: Salindri Dewi , Widuatie Mrr Ratna Endang , Handayani Sri Ana , Rosyidah Nur
Published: September 2024

This article examines the political transformation in Afghanistan since post-Soviet occupation in 1990s up to Operation Enduring Freedom in early 2000s. Historical studies about Afghanistan with asymmetric conflict approach expected to provide alternative insight on the idea of peace and the world commitment of human rights. Results of this study are useful for further research on political dynamics, foreign intervention, conflict resolution studies, and contemporary Central Asian studies. The main discussion in this article outlines that political factionalism in Afghanistan leads to conflict because every belligerents tends to use militia forces to keep their goals. Afghans’ political circumstances become more complicated when the factions attempts to attract foreign forces to encounter each rival groups. The country become more hard to reconcile as well as the lack of efforts by belligerents to halt their rivalry.
Menelusuri Akar Sejarah Pluralitas Agama di Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Gemilang Gian Fajar , Darmawan Wawan
Published: September 2024

The phenomenon of tolerance in social life creates a sense of harmony and peace for religious people. The dynamic social situation also influences the attitude of the community in responding to the understanding of the tradition of each community. This research attempts to identify the history of religious plurality in Sukabumi City with a focus on factors that influence current religious practices. Through a historical methodology approach, this research aims to identify whether tolerance has existed since the colonial period or is a new construction of the current leaders and rulers. The results showed that the development of religious communities in Sukabumi City was shaped through the role of religious leaders as spiritual leaders and messengers of peace to the community. In addition, government support and the need for adequate worship facilities contribute to creating an inclusive atmosphere for all religious communities. Regulations related to religious practices and traditions also play an important role in strengthening interfaith harmony. This harmony is known to arise from a deep understanding of each other's beliefs and a sense of love manifested in human relationships.
Perjuangan Siti Soendari Darmobroto dalam Memperjuangkan Hak-Hak Perempuan Indonesia, 1913-1914
Authors: Akbar Farhan , Maryuni Yuni , Prasadana Muhammad Anggie Farizqi
Published: September 2024

Journalism and mass media are widely used by people not only to find out the latest news circulating in society but also as a tool to spread certain ideas and ideas so that they can influence and shape public opinion about a social phenomenon that occurs around them. they. The development of ethical politics in the Dutch East Indies in the half of the 20th century opened the gates to a historical period known as the "National Awakening". Many elite figures, encouraged by education and scientific influence from Europe, began to form various organizations and newspapers as a step in opposing the form of Dutch colonial hegemony and power in Indonesia. Even though there was progress in the Dutch East Indies with the many schools built by the colonial government during the ethical-political policy, women did not share this feeling. This encourages many of them to use mass media such as newspapers and magazines as a bridge to express their feelings and criticism of the situation they are experiencing. One of the women who is active in voicing women's issues is Siti Sundari. Through this research, the author found that Siti Sundari had an important role in her efforts to fight for women's rights in Indonesia through her ideas conveyed in writing in various mass media such as Poetri Hindia, Goentoer Berberger, Medan Bermobil, and Doenia Bermobil. He also founded the Wanito Sworo newspaper as a forum to spread his ideas about the importance of improving the position of women in society, both in terms of education, legal equality, marriage issues, and criticism of patriarchy and polygamy. Using historical methods, the author searches primary sources to reconstruct Siti Sundari's early life, her involvement and role in journalism as a mouthpiece for emancipation, and her role in advancing the rights of Indonesian women in the 1913-1914 period through her speeches at various congresses and important meetings discussing the issue of women's emancipation.
Belajar dari Sejarah Maritim Mandar (1900-1980): Mulai dari Terbentuknya Jaringan hingga Keberadaan Pelabuhan Kembar
Authors: Mahamid Mochammad Nginwanun Likullil
Published: September 2024

This article aimed to review a book that explained maritime affairs entitled Jaringan Maritim Mandar: Studi tentang Pelabuhan “Kembar” Pambauwang dan Majene di Selat Makassar 1900-1980 written by Abd. Rahman Hamid in 2021. The book, an important contribution to national historiography, discussed maritime history and networks in Indonesia. In the Mandar case study, it had two “twin” ports, namely Pambauwang and Majene. This was based on the author's experience working in the maritime field from 2010 to 2020. However, the book, originally the author’s dissertation in the History Program at the University of Indonesia and was compiled two years ago, was still deemed necessary for review to provide an assessment of the book and other matters related to the structure of the writing. This book review article was written using the descriptive-analytic method, which began with an explanation of the background of the book’s writing, a review of previous works, the sources used, and the systematics of the book. Then, an analysis was carried out with various other sources in the form of books, journals, and final assignments, which had the same material. Other important aspects included the relationship between chapters, the advantages and disadvantages of books, and their academic benefits.
Does the use of differentiated instruction through project-based learning in mathematics classroom settings facilitate the students’ collaborative skills?
Authors: Andriyani Zuni Dwi , Wijayanti Dyana , Ubaidah Nila , Lutfi Ahmad , Meng Danyang
Published: September 2024

This research aims to describe differentiated instruction through project-based learning on students' collaborative skills in solid geometry.  This study is a case study type of research. Data collection techniques were carried out by observing and interviewing 32 students. The result of this research is that differentiated instruction begins with an assessment of student readiness and an assessment of student interest. The learning process continues with implementing three essential aspects of differentiated instruction: content, process, and product differentiation. Process differentiation begins with the implementation of project-based learning steps. In this case, differentiated teaching and project-based learning complement each other. The results of the collaborative skills show that the students in the forming category performed optimally. Pupils learn in groups voluntarily; pupils do not leave their groups, and they exchange ideas when completing their projects. However, in the other categories, i.e., students' functioning, formulating, and fermenting, they do not show maximum results.
The impact of Ethno-Realistic Mathematics Education-based e-module in strengthening students’ problem-solving abilities
Authors: Alghiffari Eka Kevin , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra , Evans Brian
Published: September 2024

Mathematics education in Indonesia faces challenges primarily due to the limited problem-solving skills of students, prompting a need for effective teaching materials to enhance classroom learning. Despite this, many educators still rely on conventional methods that are less effective in fostering mathematical understanding. Consequently, there is a demand for alternative resources that can better support mathematics education. This study aims to develop a valid and practical e-module based on Ethno-Realistic Mathematics Education (Ethno-RME) to improve problem-solving abilities among eighth-grade students. Employing a design research approach within the development studies framework, the study includes preliminary and formative evaluation stages. Evaluation tools encompass expert assessments of content and media quality, walkthroughs, documentation, and problem-solving assessments. The outcome is an Ethno-RME-based e-module focused on number patterns, validated through expert reviews and positively evaluated for practicality by students. This research highlights the e-module's potential to significantly enhance students' mathematical problem-solving skills, offering educators an innovative tool to support effective mathematics teaching.
Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter pada Generasi Muda Melalui Personifikasi Karakter Pandawa dalam Wayang Kulit
Authors: Sukirno Sukirno Hadi Raharjo , Ningrum Siti Utami Dewi
Published: September 2024

The main problem discussed in this research is the negative impact of modernization which has the potential to damage the character of Indonesia's young generation. This research aims to explore the potential for character education through the application of Pandawa character personification in the traditional art of Wayang kulit. The method used is descriptive qualitative, by analyzing the representation of the Pandawa characters in Shadow Puppets and the values ​​contained therein. Research findings show that Wayang kulit not only maintains local wisdom values, but also carries moral messages and character values ​​that can be adopted by the younger generation. The personification of the Pandawa character highlights positive traits such as courage, loyalty and leadership, which are relevant to character education. The conclusion of this research is that Shadow Puppetry can be an effective tool for strengthening the character of the younger generation, while maintaining Indonesia's cultural heritage. The application of the results of this research can be the basis for developing a culture-based character education program, which is expected to produce a young generation who are responsible and have noble values.
Hiatus hernia and erosive oesophagitis at endoscopy in Nigerian patients
Authors: Ray-Offor Emeka  , Falase Bode
Published: September 2024

Hiatus hernia is an extramural factor in the integrity of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) complex. An incompetence of this complex is the crux in pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. This paper aims to study hiatus hernia and its association with erosive oesophagitis in Nigerian patients. It is a cross-sectional and retrospective study of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy with diagnosis of hiatus hernia made at a referral endoscopy facility located in Port Harcourt metropolis, Niger delta region of Nigeria, from February 2014 to September 2019. The variables collated included demographics, presence and severity of hiatus hernia and oesophagitis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. A total of 442 upper GI endoscopies were performed with 89 patients included in the study. The age range of study patients was from 11 years to 88 years; mean age of 50.4 ± 18.5 years. Of these, 49 (55.1%) were females and 40 (44.9%) males. Erosive oesophagitis was seen in 19 (21.3%) cases. The age of patients in study population was statistically significant for the size of hernia (p value = 0.027). Two (0.5%) cases of short segment Barret’s oesophagus with low grade dysplasia were recorded and no paraoesophageal hernia seen. Erosive oesophagitis and increasing size of hiatus hernia are common with aging. Barret’s oesophagus and paraoesophageal hernia are rare.
Acute effect of the novel cadaver fixation and storage solution -Anatomical-biomechanical-microbiological study
Authors: Murat Sırrı AKOSMAN  , Fethi ERBÜLBÜL  , Recep KARA  , Abdurrahman Fatih FİDAN
Published: September 2024

Cadaver education is a golden standard in health sciences. It is aimed to purify the cadavers from microbes by subjecting them to chemicals and to be used for many years by terminating autolysis. As a result of literature searches, a solution consisting of a mixture of borax, nitrite-nitrate, glycerin, alcohol, and thyme oil was created. While seven sheep hearts were placed in this solution, seven were kept in 10% formaldehyde for two months for fixation and storage. At the end of the first ten days, it was observed that the discoloration of the heart in the solution was lower than the formalin fixation. In histological examinations, it was observed that there was no visual difference between the groups and the tissue could be examined at all magnifications. At the end of two months, insignificant microbial growth observed in the solution. While color changes were better than formaldehyde, texture profile analysis values were found to be closer to fresh heart. In histological examinations, in the solution group, although the tissue could be recognized at all magnifications, it was observed that cell nuclei were less stained at x100. It was concluded that this solution can be used mainly in short-term courses.
Evaluating the effectiveness of chat GPT in promoting academic success through assignment solving among graduate students in the University of Louisiana Lafayette
Authors: Akintunde Nelson Oshodi
Published: September 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors, including education, with tools like Chat GPT offering new possibilities for academic support. This study examines the effectiveness of Chat GPT in promoting academic success among graduate students at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Using the Diffusion of Innovation theory as a framework, the research aims to assess how frequently graduate students use Chat GPT for assignment solving, its impact on their learning outcomes, and the perceptions surrounding its use. Through an online survey design, data will be collected from graduate students to evaluate their knowledge of Chat GPT, its role in enhancing assignment performance, and any improvements in academic grades. The survey will employ a combination of Likert scale and closed-ended questions to measure key variables, including the students' perceptions, usage frequency, and the tool's influence on their academic creativity and success. The findings will contribute to understanding how AI-driven tools like Chat GPT can be effectively integrated into academic settings, while also addressing the concerns of educators regarding its potential misuse or negative effects.
Harnessing the power of federated learning to advance technology
Authors: Luay Bahjat Albtosh
Published: September 2024

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in machine learning, advocating for decentralized, privacy-preserving model training. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary FL frameworks – TensorFlow Federated (TFF), PySyft, and FedJAX – across three diverse datasets: CIFAR-10, IMDb reviews, and the UCI Heart Disease dataset. Our results demonstrate TFF's superior performance on image classification tasks, while PySyft excels in both efficiency and privacy for textual data. The study underscores the potential of FL in ensuring data privacy and model performance yet emphasizes areas warranting improvement. As the volume of edge devices escalates and the need for data privacy intensifies, refining and expanding FL frameworks become essential for future machine learning deployments.
Enhancing manufacturing efficiency and quality through automation and deep learning: addressing redundancy, defects, vibration analysis, and material strength optimization
Authors: Joseph Nnaemeka Chukwunweike  , Andrew Nii Anang  , Adewale Abayomi Adeniran  , Jude Dike
Published: September 2024

This article explores the integration of automation and deep learning in modern manufacturing to address critical challenges such as redundancy, defects, vibration analysis, and material strength. As manufacturing processes evolve, the need for more sophisticated methods to optimize production efficiency and product quality becomes paramount. Automation, coupled with deep learning techniques, offers powerful tools for enhancing manufacturing processes. These technologies enable predictive maintenance, reducing downtime by identifying potential equipment failures before they occur. Furthermore, deep learning algorithms can analyse complex data sets to detect defects in products with greater accuracy and speed than traditional methods. Vibration analysis, a key aspect of predictive maintenance, benefits from automated systems that monitor and diagnose issues in real-time, preventing costly disruptions. Additionally, deep learning models can assess material strength and predict potential failures, ensuring that products meet rigorous safety and quality standards. The synergy between automation and deep learning not only streamlines manufacturing processes but also enhances the ability to adapt to changing conditions, thereby minimizing operational inefficiencies. This article highlights the transformative impact of these technologies on the manufacturing industry, illustrating their potential through case studies and practical examples. By addressing key challenges such as redundancy and defects, automation and deep learning contribute to the creation of more reliable, efficient, and resilient manufacturing systems. The insights provided in this study underscore the importance of continued innovation in integrating these technologies to maintain a competitive edge in the rapidly evolving manufacturing landscape.
MATEMATİKSEL AKIL YÜRÜTME SÜREÇLERİNİN ANALİZİ: ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Güler Baran Hilal , Yazgan Sağ Gönül
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel akıl yürütme süreçlerini matematik problemleri bağlamında incelemektir. Bu araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji deseni olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları da amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi yöntemi ile belirlenen 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında İç Anadolu Bölgesinde bulunan büyük bir ilde öğrenim gören altı 7. sınıf öğrencisidir. Öğrencilerin matematiksel akıl yürütme süreçlerini açığa çıkarmak için literatür ışığında belirlenen ve pilot görüşmeler yapılarak son halini alan 8 matematik problemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, her bir katılımcı ile yapılan bireysel görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmış ve bu görüşmeler video kamera ile kayıt altına alınmıştır. Toplanan bu veriler ilgili literatür göz önüne alınarak betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerden elde edilen bulgulara göre, katılımcıların matematik problemlerinde analiz etme, genelleme ve gerekçelendirme akıl yürütme süreçlerinin tamamını çok çeşitli düzeylerde sergiledikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca bazı problemlerin ortaya çıkardığı akıl yürütme göstergeleri; akademik başarısı yüksek olarak nitelendirilen öğrencileri, akademik başarısı orta ve düşük olarak nitelendirilen öğrencilerden ayrıştırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
In sovereignty’s shadow: The limitations of decentralisation under federalism and multilevel approaches to governance
Authors: Vasilakakos Irini
Published: September 2024

The focus of this paper is to outline how the foundational approach of decentralisation inherent in federalist and multilevel governance (MLG) systems is incompatible with the indivisible nature of sovereign authority. Via an examination of the structural elements of these systems, their strengths and weaknesses, and an evaluation of the concept of sovereignty, this paper posits that the requirement for an identifiable central sovereign power in governance remains immovable, despite attempts to diffuse this power across multiple actors and governing levels. It further posits that attempts to divide this sovereign power ultimately destroy it, creating governing crises by delegitimising and undermining governmental authority across all levels. An evaluation of the evidence presented supports this contention and raises numerous questions that bear further consideration.
Möglichkeiten und Potenziale schulischer Bildung im Kontext sozialer Benachteiligung
Authors: Heise Janna Sophie
Published: September 2024

Die Existenz sozialer Ungleichheit und der intergenerationalen Weitergabe des sozialen Status steht stark im Kontrast zu dem in der Gesellschaft vermeintlich vorherrschenden Leistungsprinzip. Ursachen dafür finden sich vor allem in der Familie, die durch ihre zur Verfügung stehenden Kapitalien sowie ihrem Habitus und Lebensstil einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung und zukünftige Perspektiven hat. Ein weiterer entscheidender Faktor ist auch die Schule, die durch u.a. primäre und sekundäre Faktoren dazu beiträgt, dass der Bildungserfolg weiterhin maßgeblich von der sozialen Herkunft abhängig ist. Zugleich bietet sie dadurch aber auch ein großes Potenzial, dem Kreislauf der Reproduktion sozialer Benachteiligung entgegenzuwirken. Mögliche Ansätze betreffen den Ausbau frühkindlicher Bildungsangebote, die pädagogische Praxis und den Umgang mit kulturellen und habituellen Differenzen durch inklusiven Unterricht, die Notengebung sowie strukturelle Veränderungen bezüglich der Übergänge und Ganztagschulmodelle.
Prekršajno pravo u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji od sredine 19. stoljeća do 1918. godine
Authors: Milotić Dunja
Published: September 2024

U radu se prikazuje i analizira uređenje prekršajnog materijalnog i procesnog prava u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji od sredine 19. stoljeća, kada započinje razvoj građanskog društva i modernoga pravnog sustava uvođenjem unificiranih zakona, pa sve do raspada Austro-Ugarske Monarhije 1918. godine. U promatranom se razdoblju unutar prekršaja, kao najlakše vrste kažnjivih djela, razlikuju sudski i redarstveni prekršaji. Sudski prekršaji, u skladu s usvojenom trodiobom kažnjivih djela, bili su propisani u Kaznenom zakonu o zločinima, prijestupima i prekršajima iz 1852., kao i u nizu drugih posebnih zakona, a njihovo je kažnjavanje bilo u nadležnosti sudova. Redarstveni prekršaji bili su propisani u brojnim zakonima, naredbama i lokalnim redarstvenim propisima, a njihovo je kažnjavanje bilo u nadležnosti upravnih tijela. Prekršajni postupak pred kotarskim sudovima vodio se prema odredbama sadržanim u posebnoj glavi Zakona o kaznenom postupku iz 1875. Pred upravnim tijelima bio je uređen nizom naredbi donesenih tijekom neoapsolutizma, koje su naknadno bile nadopunjene zakonom i naredbama u cilju njegova pojednostavljenja, kao i usklađivanja sa sudskim prekršajnim postupkom. Osim normativnog okvira, u radu će se ukazati i na praktične probleme i pitanja koji su se u praksi pojavili u vezi s kažnjavanjem sudskih i redarstvenih prekršaja.
Vigilantizam - neformalna zaštita društva ili nužno zlo?
Authors: Doležal Dalibor
Published: September 2024

Uzimanje pravde „u svoje ruke“ kako bi se ispravila percipirana nepravda ili iskazao bunt protiv nedjelovanja državnih institucija prema određenim problemima je pojava koja je odavno prepoznata unutar izraza „vigilantizam“. Iako predmetom brojnih rasprava u znanstvenoj i stručnoj literaturi, još uvijek ne postoji konsenzus oko općeprihvaćene definicije, pojavnih oblika te uzroka ove pojave. Međutim, s obzirom na pojavu novih oblika i mogućnosti činjenja kaznenih djela u sferi tzv. „računalnog kriminaliteta“, nije nemoguće zaključiti kako će se i vigilantske aktivnosti sve više odvijati. Pregledom dostupne znanstvene i stručne literature cilj je ovog rada utvrditi sličnosti i razlike u objašnjenima pojma vigilantizma kako bi se utvrdili razlozi nastanka ovog fenomena te posljedice ovakvog djelovanja s ciljem planiranja aktivnosti za sprječavanje štetnih posljedica nastalih aktima vigilantizma. Rezultati analize pokazuju kako je vigilantizam prisutan u gotovo svim društvima, dok prevencija ove pojave ovisi o društvenom kontekstu unutar kojeg se javlja.
Perspektive utjecaja savjetodavnih mišljenja međunarodnih sudova na borbu protiv klimatskih promjena
Authors: Perišić Petra
Published: September 2024

Dvama međunarodnim i jednom regionalnom sudu podnijeti su zahtjevi za izricanjem savjetodavnog mišljenja vezanog uz prava i obveze država u području zaštite klime. U ovome radu se nastoji, fokusirajući se na zahtjeve Međunarodnom sudu u Haagu i Međunarodnom sudu za pravo mora u Hamburgu, kritički razmotriti opravdanost traženja savjetodavnih mišljenja, propitujući s jedne strane prikladnost savjetodavnog mišljenja kao sredstva definiranja prava i obveza država vezanih uz zaštitu klime, a s druge strane analizirajući mogući utjecaj tih mišljenja na ponašanje država. Zaključak je rada da nije realno očekivati da će sâma mišljenja bitno promijeniti ponašanje država koje su veliki emiteri stakleničkih plinova, ali da ona ipak mogu biti jedan od čimbenika koji će doprinijeti intenziviranju klimatske akcije. Stoga, kritike mnogih međunarodnih pisaca prema podnošenju zahtjeva za savjetodavnim mišljenjima svakako imaju osnove, ali po nama ne dovode u pitanje njihovu opravdanost.
Utilization of TikTok as Da'wah Media among Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Students
Authors: Nurmaya Siti , Juni Wati Sri Rizki
Published: September 2024

Artikel ini mengkaji penggunaan media sosial TikTok sebagai sarana dakwah di kalangan mahasiswa Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam Angkatan 2020 dan 2021. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama: pertama, untuk mengetahui bagaimana mahasiswa memanfaatkan TikTok sebagai media dakwah, dan kedua, untuk mengidentifikasi motivasi yang mendasari keputusan mereka dalam menggunakan TikTok untuk tujuan tersebut. Teori yang digunakan adalah Uses and Gratification, yang berfokus pada alasan individu dalam memilih media tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode fenomenologi, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk memahami pengalaman subyektif mahasiswa dalam memproduksi dan menyebarkan konten dakwah melalui TikTok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi, dengan informan yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam memanfaatkan TikTok dengan membuat konten dakwah sendiri atau memposting ulang konten dari kreator lain. Motivasi utama mereka termasuk keinginan untuk mendapatkan pahala, membagikan ilmu agama, dan memberikan hiburan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana TikTok digunakan sebagai alat dakwah dan alasan di balik pemilihan platform ini oleh mahasiswa.
 
This article examines the use of TikTok social media as a means of da'wah among Islamic Communication and Broadcasting students in the Class of 2020 and 2021. This research has two main objectives: first, to find out how students utilize TikTok as a medium for da'wah, and second, to identify the motivations underlying their decision to use TikTok for that purpose. The theory used is Uses and Gratification, which focuses on why individuals choose certain media. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, which allows researchers to understand the subjective experiences of university students in producing and disseminating da'wah content through TikTok. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with informants selected using purposive sampling. The results showed that Islamic Communication and Broadcasting students utilize TikTok by creating da'wah content or reposting content from other creators. Their primary motivations include gaining rewards, sharing religious knowledge, and providing entertainment. This research provides insight into how TikTok is used as a da'wah tool and the reasons behind students' selection of this platform.
Changes In Muhammadiyah’s Fajr Prayer Time Criteria: The Struggle Between Science and Religion
Authors: Fitra Tasnim Rahman , Yusuf Umar , Hanifa Fauziyya
Published: September 2024

This article explains the science-religion struggle regarding the change in Muhammadiyah's dawn prayer time criteria, where this decision appears to be inconsistent with the research results of three previously appointed institutions. This research falls into the qualitative category, utilizing literature reviews related to the changes in Muhammadiyah's Fajr time criteria. The theory of science-religion relations is employed to dissect how the science-religion struggle is manifested in this decision. In practice, other research, philological studies, and the application in other Muslim countries also contribute to the considerations. The science-religion struggle in Muhammadiyah's decision is classified as an integrative typology in Ian Barbour's theory of science-religion relations. However, as an organization, Muhammadiyah is bound by rules to achieve its goals, guided by the Manhaj Tarjih and maslahah.  Although not explicitly neglecting the scientific aspect, setting -18° as the new criterion for Fajr time indicates Muhammadiyah's inconsistency in applying the research results of its three competent internal institutions.
Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pergumulan sains-agama dalam hal perubahan kriteria waktu subuh Muhammadiyah, dimana ketetapan ini terlihat tidak sesuai dengan hasil penelitian 3 lembaga yang telah ditunjuk sebelumnya. Penelitian ini tergolong pada penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan kajian kepustakaan terkait dengan perubahan kriteria waktu subuh Muhammadiyah. Teori relasi sains-agama digunakan untuk membedah bagaimana pergumulan sains-agama dalam keputusan ini. Pada prakteknya, penelitian lain oleh kader Muhammadiyah, kajian Filologi, dan penerapan pada negara muslim lain. Pergulatan sains-agama dalam keputusan Muhammadiyah ini tergolong tipologi integrasi dalam teori relasi sains-agama Ian Barbour, namun sebagai sebuah organisasi Muhammadiyah memiliki keterikatan terhadap aturan dalam pencapaian tujuan, dalam hal ini berpedoman kepada manhaj Tarjih dan kemaslahatan. Walaupun tidak serta merta sebagai pengabaian terhadap aspek sains, namun penetapan angka -18° sebagai kriteria baru waktu subuh menunjukkan ketidakkonsistenan Muhammadiyah dalam menerapkan hasil penelitian 3 lembaga internalnya yang berkompeten.
Transforming the Religious Enthusiasm of Urban Muslims in the Choosing of Elementary-Level Education in Purwokerto, Indonesia
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad , Novikasari Ifada
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to analyze religious enthusiasm that does not continue after the primary school period is over and instead shows contrasting situations. Urban Muslims in Purwokerto, Indonesia, show high religious enthusiasm when choosing primary schools for their children. The number of public elementary school students has declined in the last five years, while Madrasah Ibtida'iyyah has increased dramatically. This research is field-type with data sources from urban Muslims who choose Madrasah Ibtida'iyyah as a primary school choice for their children. The data were analyzed qualitatively using a sociological approach. The study found that the religious enthusiasm of urban Muslims is pragmatic. Their pragmatic nature is shown by the resistance of different social groups that give rise to covert conflicts. In addition, they form new communities that actively represent them in public spaces. This finding has implications for a change in the perspective of the phenomenon of religious enthusiasm from theological awareness to a new trend of community-based urban Muslim pragmatism. Further research recommended the representation of the new identity of Muslim communities in virtual public spaces.
Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis antusiasme keagamaan orang tua yang tidak berlanjut pada jenjang pendidikan setelah Sekolah Dasar dan justru menunjukkan situasi yang kontras. Muslim perkotaan di Purwokerto, Indonesia, menunjukkan antusiasme agama yang tinggi dalam memilih Sekolah Dasar untuk anak-anak mereka. Jumlah siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri mengalami penurunan dalam lima tahun terakhir, sebaliknya Madrasah Ibtida'iyyah meningkat secara drastis.. Penelitian ini berjenis lapangan dengan sumber data dari kelompok muslim perkotaan yang memilih Madrasah Ibtida'iyyah sebagai pilihan sekolah dasar untuk anak-anak mereka. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis. Studi ini menemukan bahwa antusiasme keagamaan muslim perkotaan bersifat pragmatis. Sifat pragmatis mereka ditunjukkan melalui perlawanan dan menimbulkan konflik terselubung. Selain itu, mereka membentuk komunitas baru yang secara aktif merepresentasikannya di ruang publik. Temuan ini berimplikasi pada perubahan perspektif fenomena antusiasme keagamaan dari kesadaran teologis ke kecenderungan baru pragmatisme. Penelitian lebih lanjut merekomendasikan representasi identitas baru komunitas muslim di ruang publik virtual.
The Essence of Ridha: Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyah's Views on Spiritual Fulfillment and Divine Acceptance
Authors: Saputra Aris , Ermagusti Ermagusti , Efendi Efendi
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the Islamic philosophical and theological concept of ridha as elucidated by the prominent scholar Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah. Ridha, in Ibn Qayyim’s view, represents a state of inner tranquility and acceptance, essential for mitigating anxiety and dissatisfaction in individuals. Despite the material wealth prevalent in contemporary society, many still experience spiritual unrest due to a lack of ridha. This study posits that true belief in God necessitates a serene acceptance of divine provisions, embracing both adversities and blessings with contentment. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing library research and descriptive analysis of relevant literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of ridha. Content analysis techniques are applied to systematically evaluate and interpret the concept and its implications. Findings reveal that for Ibn Qayyim, ridha involves a profound acceptance of Allah’s will, characterized by the absence of discontent towards divine decrees and a balanced approach to both favorable and adverse circumstances. The study delineates three progressive stages of ridha: reconciling with one's situation, fostering harmonious relationships with others, and overcoming envy. This exploration underscores the enduring relevance of ridha in addressing modern existential challenges and spiritual fulfillment.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE TRACTION PROPERTIES OF NEW FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVES AND SWITCHERS
Authors: Pugachev Aleksandr , Vorob'ev Vladimir , Izmerov Oleg , Nikolaev Evgeniy
Published: September 2024

The problem of further increasing the traction properties of new freight locomotives and switchers is considered, while bringing the traction coefficient in operation from 0.27...0.3 to 0.4...0.5. It is proved that in existing support and axial drives with rigid gear, dynamic torques worsen traction properties. It is proposed to use traction drives with elastic traction gear and support frame drives, as well as suspension of traction motors, which reduces the unevenness of loads along the axes of the carriage. It is proposed to use devices that affect the contact surface of the wheel with the rail using a magnetic field. As a result of the conducted research, it is found that for locomotives with a wheel diameter of 1250 mm, it is rational to use a traction drive with a support frame suspension of the engine and an axial gearbox with an intermediate gear wheel. For switchers with a wheel diameter of 1050 mm, it is rational to use arc-stator asynchronous motors with traction amplifier windings between inductors.
ITINERÁRIO DIAGNÓSTICO E TERAPÊUTICO DE MULHERES COM CÂNCER DE MAMA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Guilherme de Figueiredo Eudanúsia , de Macedo Farias Ramos Ana Clara , Medeiros Ximenes. Cesar Henrique , De Barros Silva Júnior José Nildo , Cruz Ronny Anderson de Oliveira , Agra Glenda , Dos Santos Oliveira Jacira , Miriam Lopes Costa Marta
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca do itinerário diagnóstico e terapêutico de mulheres com câncer de mama. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura que priorizou o interesse pela busca de fenômenos subjetivos acerca do caminho percorrido por mulheres com câncer de mama. Para tanto, foram selecionados apenas artigos pautados em metodologias qualitativas a fim de responder a seguinte questão: “Quais as produções presentes na literatura acerca do itinerário diagnóstico e terapêutico de mulheres com câncer de mama? Para a seleção dos artigos, as buscas realizaram-se nos meses de junho e julho de 2022 nas seguintes bases de dados/bibliotecas através do Portal de Periódicos da Capes: National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Resultados: Foram selecionadas dez publicações que ermitiram discutir duas categorias: Identificação precoce, rastreamento e prevenção do câncer de mama e Experiências de mulheres em Busca do diagnóstico e tratamento para o câncer de mama. Conclusão: Foi possível evidenciar as diversas realidades de cada país a partir das vivências, impressões, opiniões e pontos de vista além de obter informações sobre as motivações, dificuldades e as atitudes das participantes. Fatores como estigma social, questões financeiras, falta de sistemas de apoio e diagnóstico incorreto ao longo da trajetória do paciente foram achados consistentes.
Redefining Item Response Models for Small Samples
Authors: Fox Jean-Paul
Published: September 2024

Popular item response theory (IRT) models are considered complex, mainly due to the inclusion of a random factor variable (latent variable). The random factor variable represents the incidental parameter problem since the number of parameters increases when including data of new persons. Therefore, IRT models require a specific estimation method and large samples for accurate parameter estimation. The two-parameter IRT model is redefined by analytically integrating out the random person factor in the latent response formulation of the model to make it suitable for small sample applications. This IRT Bayesian covariance structure model (IRT-BCSM) describes the clustering of (latent) responses by persons through a structured covariance matrix in which a common covariance parameter represents the dependence implied by a unidimensional random factor variable. The IRT-BCSM is a latent-variable-free model and consists of (fixed) item parameters and a common covariance parameter, where person parameters can be post-hoc sampled. An efficient Gibbs sampler is proposed for parameter estimation. In simulation studies, the performance of the IRT-BCSM is compared to two-parameter IRT models for small samples, and results show an optimal performance of the IRT-BCSM even in sample sizes as small as 50 to 100 persons and 5 to 10 items. Generalizations of the IRT-BCSM show that a redefinition of more complex IRT models also lead to much more efficient parameterizations, which can broaden the scope of IRT applications.
ENGAGING INDONESIAN YOUTH WITH THE MEBUUG-BUUGAN TRADITION THROUGH THE NOVEL "SEHARI SETELAH SEPI"
Authors: Danaswari Ni Wayan Mahadewi Suci , Sutanto Shienny Megawati
Published: September 2024

This research explores the potential of novel illustrations as an educational medium for the Mebuug-buugantradition, a unique ritual from Kedonganan Village, Bali, which has been increasingly marginalized from the younger generation's knowledge. Through a qualitative approach, this study analyzes how the "slice of life" genre and anime/webtoon visual style can be utilized in the fictional novel "Sehari Setelah Sepi" to bridge the generational gap and promote local cultural heritage. Set in 2017-2018, when the Mebuug-buugan tradition was revived, the novel aims to present a relevant and engaging story for Indonesian teenagers. Analysis of literature, competitor research, and Unique Selling Proposition (USP) formed the foundation for designing practical illustrations. Research findings indicate that combining the "slice of life" genre with anime/webtoon visual style can effectively convey complex information about the history and meaning of the Mebuug-buugan tradition in a simple yet profound manner. The novel serves as entertainment and an effective educational tool for introducing Balinese cultural values to the younger generation.