bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
consensusDE: an R package for assessing consensus of multiple RNA-seq algorithms with RUV correction
Authors: Waardenberg Ashley J. , Field Matthew A.
Published: December 2019

Extensive evaluation of RNA-seq methods have demonstrated that no single algorithm consistently outperforms all others. Removal of unwanted variation (RUV) has also been proposed as a method for stabilizing differential expression (DE) results. Despite this, it remains a challenge to run multiple RNA-seq algorithms to identify significant differences common to multiple algorithms, whilst also integrating and assessing the impact of RUV into all algorithms. consensusDE was developed to automate the process of identifying significant DE by combining the results from multiple algorithms with minimal user input and with the option to automatically integrate RUV. consensusDE only requires a table describing the sample groups, a directory containing BAM files or preprocessed count tables and an optional transcript database for annotation. It supports merging of technical replicates, paired analyses and outputs a compendium of plots to guide the user in subsequent analyses. Herein, we assess the ability of RUV to improve DE stability when combined with multiple algorithms and between algorithms, through application to real and simulated data. We find that, although RUV increased fold change stability between algorithms, it demonstrated improved FDR in a setting of low replication for the intersect, the effect was algorithm specific and diminished with increased replication, reinforcing increased replication for recovery of true DE genes. We finish by offering some rules and considerations for the application of RUV in a consensus-based setting. consensusDE is freely available, implemented in R and available as a Bioconductor package, under the GPL-3 license, along with a comprehensive vignette describing functionality: http://bioconductor.org/packages/consensusDE/.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Spacing on Chemical Composition of Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana Tan) in the Dry Sub Humid Zone of Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Isa M. Mabu , Musa D. Galadima , Usman B. Sani
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons at Centre for Agriculture and Pastoral Research (CAPAR) of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and inter-row spacing on chemical compositions of Rhodes grass. A factorial combination of five fertilizer levels (0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kgNha-1) and three inter row spacing (30, 50 and 70 cm) were used, making (15) treatments combinations, which were laid out in a RCBD replicated four times. The data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using CRD with two repetitions, Least Significant difference (LSD was used for the separation of means. The sample for each treatment was analyzed for chemical composition using A.O.A.C procedure (CP) was determined by Kjeldahl method, Ash was determined by burning the herbage sample in a furnace at 550-650°C for 3 hours. Ether extract (EE) was estimated by using Sohlex extraction method, crude fibre (CF) was determined by sequential acid and alkali extractions from the residue obtained after fat extraction. Nitrogen free extract (NFE) was calculated as residual component of the feed dry matter; the result revealed that, application of 160 kgNha-1 consistently recorded higher values (P<005) for CP, NFE and EE and lower values for the CF and Ash contents of the samples. 70cm Spacing showed superiority among the treatments in the chemical compositions investigated compared to 50 and 30 cm spacings. It may be concluded that application of 160 kgNha-1 and 70 cm spacing gave better (P<0.05) nutrient quality of Rhodes grass in the study area.
A Biomimetic One‐Stone‐Two‐Birds Hydrogel with Electroconductive, Photothermally Antibacterial and Bioadhesive Properties for Skin Tissue Regeneration and Mechanosensation Restoration
Authors: Wei Hua , Jing Houchao , Cheng Can , Liu Yaqing , Hao Jingcheng
Published: December 2024

Severe skin wounds arising from burns, cancers, and accidents can damage the entire tissue structure, resulting in permanent somatosensory dysfunction in patients. Although emerging hydrogel dressings have shown clinical potential for accelerating wound repair, the use of an individual material to synchronously restore the tissue structure and sensory function of defective skin remains a challenge. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel that combines electroconductive polydopamine‐capped graphene nanosheets (PrGOs) embedded in a dynamically crosslinked dual‐polysaccharide (xyloglucan and chitosan) matrix network is presented. The fabricated hydrogels have an adjustable modulus that can be matched to skin tissue at the wound site, owing to the dynamic Schiff‐based crosslinking as well as the facile photo‐triggered secondary crosslinking. Furthermore, the photothermal activity of PrGO can elevate the local temperature up to ≈50 °C, significantly restraining bacterial growth. These two factors jointly promote the regeneration of skin tissue. Tissue adhesion of hydrogels is also reported that offers a conformable and robust interface that can detect and quantify human movement and physiological signals to mimic the human skin somatosensory system. This hydrogel offers an effective one‐stone‐for‐two‐birds material that simultaneously achieves tissue regeneration and multi‐signal sensing, promoting the restoration and/or replacement of the structure and function of damaged skins.
Development of a Novel, All‐Aromatic High Tensile Modulus Liquid Crystalline Polyimide for Fused Filament Fabrication Applications
Authors: Yu Zhenning , Carrola Mia , Zheng Bingqian , Tan Loon‐Seng , Asadi Amir , Crouse Christopher A. , Koerner Hilmar
Published: December 2024

Polyimides (PIs), known for their thermal resistance, chemical stability, and mechanical properties, are often considered challenging materials to process, resulting in limited commercial availability of PIs for melt extrusion, injection molding, and fused filament fabrication (FFF). Currently, material and knowledge gaps prevent the ability to rapidly produce parts from PIs that can be used in high strength and elevated temperature applications. To address this, a novel, fully aromatic PI with thermotropic liquid crystalline properties (LCPI) is successfully synthesized. The synthesized LCPI exhibits better solvent tolerance and thermal stability than commercially available counterparts. The LC phase is confirmed by thermal analysis, wide angle X‐ray scattering, and polarized optical microscopy. Rheological behavior clearly demonstrates that the LC phase reduces melt viscosity. These properties enable the LCPI to be processed into both drawn fibers and filaments for FFF, which is demonstrated alongside an injection molding process. The properties of the printed parts rivaled those made with Ultem 1000, exhibiting an average elastic modulus of 4.16 GPa. The injection molding process resulted in tensile moduli as high as 8.59 GPa and tensile strengths as high as 124.70 MPa. The LCPI polymer demonstrates the desired properties required for aerospace applications via melt processing techniques.
Optical Detection of Weak Magnetic Transitions via Photoluminescence in Cr‐Doped Van Der Waals Antiferromagnets
Authors: Xing Yuntong , Chen Hongjing , Zhang Aoyu , Hao Qinghua , Cai Menghao , Chen Wenzhanhong , Li Longde , Peng Ding , Yi Anji , Huang Manman , Wang Xia , Han Junbo
Published: December 2024

2D van der Waals antiferromagnets, MPX3 (M = Fe, Cr, and Mn; X = S and Se), are promising candidates for spintronic devices owing to their advantageous structural and magnetic properties. However, their insulating properties and high‐field requirements make magnetic characterization in 2D MPX3 challenging. Fortunately, the correlation between magnetic and optical properties in MPX3 crystals provides an optical approach to investigate their magnetic properties. Herein, Cr atoms are used to modulate the magnetic properties of MnPS3, with photoluminescence (PL) techniques used to investigate the effect of doping. Results show a new PL peak in Cr‐doped MnPS3 crystals, with distinct temperature‐dependent PL behaviors compared to the undoped host. The influence of doping concentration, temperature, and thickness on PL is investigated. Surprisingly, even when long‐range magnetic ordering is completely disrupted, the temperature‐dependent PL properties of Cr‐doped MnPS3 (CrxMn1 − xPS3) still follow the Néel transition behavior of MnPS3, showing the presence of local antiferromagnetism in CrxMn1 − xPS3. This study further substantiates the correlation between magnetic ordering and PL in MnPS3 and demonstrates that PL is a powerful tool for detecting weak local magnetism in 2D MPX3 crystals.
Dirac Semimetal Heterojunction Photodetectors: Status and Prospects
Authors: Jiang Xilong , Nie Changbin , Sun Feiying , Zhang Xianning , Wei Xingzhan
Published: December 2024

Photodetection technology has garnered extensive research attention due to its wide‐ranging applications in fields such as infrared (IR) imaging, environmental monitoring, and optical communication. Dirac semimetals, characterized by high carrier mobility, zero bandgap, and broad spectral response, show great promise in the development of high‐performance photodetectors. The combination of Dirac semimetals and semiconductors in heterostructures enables broadband photodetection from ultraviolet (UV) to long‐wave infrared (LWIR), offering a new approach to extending the wavelength range of photodetection. This review explores 2D Dirac semimetal/semiconductor heterojunction photodetectors (DSSHP), beginning with an overview of the unique properties of Dirac semimetals. It then discusses various photoresponse mechanisms across different wavelength ranges. Additionally, strategies for enhancing photodetector performance are reviewed and analyzed based on their underlying principles. Finally, the key challenges for Dirac semimetal photodetectors are summarized, and potential future developments are outlined.
Rolled‐crimped cover crops for organic no‐till planted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Northeast region of the United States
Authors: Ryan Matthew R. , Rose Terry J. , Wayman Sandra , Pelzer Christopher J. , Menalled Uriel D.
Published: December 2024

Mulch from cover crops can suppress weeds and facilitate organic no‐till corn and soybean production. However, research is lacking on the no‐till planting small grain crops into rolled‐crimped cover crops. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of no‐till planting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into five cover crops planted in early summer, mid‐summer, and late summer. Cover crops were terminated with a roller‐crimper, and winter wheat was simultaneously no‐till planted in early fall. A “no cover crop” control treatment was also included, where wheat was planted into tilled soil. Cover crop and weed biomass at wheat planting varied by cover crop planting date and species. Early‐summer‐planted sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.] produced the most cover crop biomass and had among the lowest weed biomass at wheat planting and wheat harvest. However, wheat seedling density and grain yield were relatively low in the early‐planted sorghum sudangrass treatment compared with the other cover crop treatments, indicating a tradeoff between weed suppression and wheat yield. Early‐planted buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and early‐planted soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] had among the highest wheat grain yields, but no treatments yielded more than the “no cover crop” control. Wheat grain nitrogen was variable and may have been impacted by multiple factors, including wheat density. Results from this experiment indicate that rolled‐crimped cover crops can facilitate organic no‐till winter wheat production, but more research is needed to overcome tradeoffs and optimize production.
Anomalous Role of Carbon in Pd‐Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhai Peng , Aireddy Divakar R. , Berko Mark B. , Arshadi Ahmad , Zachman Michael J. , Cullen David A. , Xu Ye , Ding Kunlun
Published: December 2024

Carbonaceous species, including subsurface carbidic carbon and surface carbon, play crucial roles in heterogeneous catalysis. Many reports suggested the importance of subsurface carbon in the selective hydrogenation of alkynes over Pd‐based catalysts. However, the role of surface carbon has been largely overlooked. We demonstrate that subsurface carbon in Pd is not responsible for the selectivity in acetylene hydrogenation. In contrast, the structure of surface carbonaceous species plays a decisive role in hydrogenation selectivity. Electron microscopy and spectroscopy evidence, along with theoretical modelling, reveal that partial graphitization of surface carbonaceous species results in unique spatial confinement of surface reaction intermediates, thus altering the reaction energy landscape in favour of ethylene desorption as opposed to over‐hydrogenation. This mechanism for selectivity control is analogous to enzyme catalysis, where the active centers selectively attract reactants and release products. Similar mechanism may be present in CO/CO2 hydrogenation and alkane dehydrogenation reactions.
The Resting‐State Activities of the Angular Gyrus and the Micturition Desire‐Awakening Function in Children With and Without Enuresis
Authors: Lin Xindi , Zhong Shaogen , Wang Mengxing , Mao Yi , Wu Yuhan , Lu Jiayi , Zhong Wei , Wu Di , Ma Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

Micturition desire‐awakening (MDA) function plays a pivotal role in the development of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE); however, its neural correlates remain largely unexplored. Consequently, this study aimed to identify specific brain regional activities associated with MDA function.

Methods

Neuroimaging data were collected from 173 children with varying MDA functional grade scores at the Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, from July 2018 to November 2022. Resting‐state images were analyzed using whole‐brain correlation techniques and AlphaSim correction to identify brain regional activities and resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) associated with MDA functional grade scores.

Results

Whole‐brain correlation analysis demonstrated that the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations in the right angular gyrus (AG) exhibited a negative correlation with MDA functional grade scores (rs = −0.336, p < 0.001), indicating reduced neural activity in this region with MDA dysfunction. Conversely, RSFC between the right middle frontal gyrus and the right AG was positively correlated with MDA functional grade scores (rs = 0.274, p < 0.001), suggesting increased connectivity in these areas associated with worse MDA functionality.

Conclusion

These findings provide preliminary insights into the neural underpinnings of MDA functionality.
The Role of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Usefulness in a Resource‐Constrained Setting
Authors: Folson Aba A. , Eghan Philip , Amenu Daniel
Published: December 2024

Left ventricular non compaction is a genetic cardiomyopathy with a high occurence in individuals of African ancestry and may present in adulthood with diagnostic challenges when there is advanced heart failure. Echocardiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging have mostly been used in making a diagnosis. However, there is a lack of these diagnostic tools required to aid in early diagnosis in Low and Middle Income Countries. The potential usefulness of echocardiography in this population is the focus of this case presentation.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast in Sclerosing Adenosis Mimicking Microinvasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Chang Yu‐Kai , Chen Yuan‐Yuei , Hong Zhi‐Jie , Liao Guo‐Shiou , Yu Jyh‐Cherng
Published: December 2024

Sclerosing adenosis (SA) is a subtype of adenosis characterized by proliferative adenosis and stromal sclerosis with distortion of the terminal ductal lobular unit. Although SA is the most prevalent benign breast condition among middle‐aged women, it may be associated with a two‐fold increase in breast cancer risk. Microscopic findings of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in a SA (SA‐DCIS) may mimic microinvasive carcinoma or even invasive carcinoma, which may result in overtreatment by a breast surgeon. Therefore, pathological evaluation must be performed carefully in such cases to establish a definitive diagnosis. Herein, we present a rare case of SA‐DCIS that mimicked microinvasive ductal carcinoma. A 51‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with high‐grade DCIS of the left breast, highly suspicious for microinvasion, based on core biopsy. She underwent mastectomy of the left breast and prophylactic mastectomy of the right breast for personal reasons after imaging evaluation, including mammography and ultrasonography. However, the final diagnosis was bilateral intermediate‐grade DCIS, characterized by the presence of intraductal carcinoma cells exhibiting enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei and a high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio within the mammary ducts. However, the diagnosis was incompatible with the initial pathological results. A‐DCIS has pathological features similar to those of microinvasive or invasive carcinomas. Thoroughly evaluating biopsy findings of lesions to distinguish between SA‐DCIS and invasive carcinoma is crucial to prevent overdiagnosis and unnecessary management in patients with DCIS. Patients diagnosed with SA‐DCIS are at a higher risk of developing bilateral breast cancer than those without SA‐DCIS.
Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Tri(furyl)Methanes: A Green Approach for Electrochromic Device Fabrication
Authors: Matsagar Babasaheb M. , Atayde Eduardo C. , Chen De‐Chian , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Chen Lin‐Chi , Wu Kevin C.‐W.
Published: December 2024

We introduce an environmentally friendly one‐pot approach for the efficient synthesis of functionalized tri(furyl)methane (TFM‐x). This method involves the reaction of biomass‐derived furans such as furfural (FAL), functionalized FAL, or 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with 2‐methylfuran (2‐MF) using a cost‐effective 2‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethylethane‐based acidic ionic liquid (AIL) catalyst. AIL catalyst at 60 °C showed a high yield of (5‐(bis(5‐methylfuran‐2‐yl)methyl)furan‐2‐yl)methanol (TFM‐OH) and 2‐[bis‐(5‐methylfuran‐2‐yl)methyl]‐5‐furaldehyde (TFM‐CHO), achieving complete conversion of the furan‐containing aldehyde functional group. The product selectivities were nearly 95% for TFM, 81% for TFM‐OH, and 90% for TFM‐CHO. In addition, the TFM‐x synthesis under optimized conditions were performed without using solvent. The structures of the synthesized AIL, TFM, and TFM‐x were fully characterized using 1H‐NMR, whereas the functional groups in the prepared AIL were confirmed using FT‐IR analysis.  Moreover, both TFM‐OH and TFM‐CHO were then employed as functional materials for electrochromic devices. The results showed that both compounds undergo clear reversible transitions between the transmissive yellow and red states upon exposure to different voltage conditions, with TFM─OH demonstrating a higher coloration efficiency than TFMCHO. This study presents a green and sustainable approach for synthesizing TFMs using AIL catalyst. It also emphasizes both the eco‐friendly characteristics of the catalytic system and the potential applications of the synthesized TFMs in organic‐based electrochromic devices.
Monitoring Animal Populations With Cameras Using Open, Multistate, N‐Mixture Models
Authors: Sirén Alexej P. K. , Hallworth Michael T. , Kilborn Jillian R. , Bernier Chris A. , Fortin Nicholas L. , Geider Katherina D. , Patry Riley K. , Cliché Rachel M. , Prout Leighlan S. , Gifford Suzanne J. , Wixsom Scott , Morelli Toni Lyn , Wilson Tammy L.
Published: December 2024

Remote cameras have become a mainstream tool for studying wildlife populations. For species whose developmental stages or states are identifiable in photographs, there are opportunities for tracking population changes and estimating demographic rates. Recent developments in hierarchical models allow for the estimation of ecological states and rates over time for unmarked animals whose states are known. However, this powerful class of models has been underutilized because they are computationally intensive, and model outputs can be difficult to interpret. Here, we use simulation to show how camera data can be analyzed with multistate, Dail‐Madsen (hereafter multistate DM) models to estimate abundance, survival, and recruitment. We evaluated four commonly encountered scenarios arising from camera trap data (low and high abundance and 25% and 50% missing data) each with 18 different sample size combinations (camera sites = 40, 250; surveys = 4, 8, and 12; and years = 2, 5, 10) and evaluated the bias and precision of abundance, survival, and recruitment estimates. We also analyzed our empirical camera data on moose (Alces alces) with multistate DM models and compared inference with telemetry studies from the same time and region to assess the accuracy of camera studies to track moose populations. Most scenarios recovered the known parameters from our simulated data with higher accuracy and increased precision for scenarios with more sites, surveys, and/or years. Large amounts of missing data and fewer camera sites, especially at higher abundances, reduced accuracy, and precision of survival and recruitment. Our empirical analysis provided biologically realistic estimates of moose survival and recruitment and recovered the pattern of moose abundance across the region. Multistate DM models can be used for estimating demographic parameters from camera data when developmental states are clearly identifiable. We discuss several avenues for future research and caveats for using multistate DM models for large‐scale population monitoring.
Investigation on the Distribution of Bangana Tungting in Yuanshui Unique Fish Species National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve Using Environmental DNA Technology
Authors: Tian Lu , Wu Qianqian , Zou Li , Zhou Jinxin , Wang Chongrui , Han Linmei , Zhang Zaiquan , Xiang Xing , Liu Mingqiu , Feng Zhifeng , Xie Zhonggui , Liang Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

Freshwater ecosystems face unprecedented challenges as the cumulative impact of human activities intensifies. While protected areas and species‐specific conservation policies are widely implemented, their effectiveness remains difficult to gauge using traditional catch‐based surveys. This research employed environmental DNA (eDNA) technology to assess the distribution of the endangered fish, Bangana tungting, within the Yuanshui Unique Fish Species National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve (YUFRR) in Hunan, China. Over a 2‐year period, we conducted comprehensive eDNA survey multiple sites within the YUFRR, confirming the species' continued existence in the area. In September 2022, B. tungting eDNA was detected at 8 of 60 sampling locations, while a follow‐up survey in May 2023 identified its presence at 4 of 44 sites. Further analysis revealed critical environmental factors influencing B. tungting distribution, primarily dissolved oxygen concentration and the presence of physical barriers such as hydroelectric stations. Our data suggest a minimum dissolved oxygen tolerance threshold of 4 mg/L for this species. Moreover, we observed an inverse relationship between B. tungting detection rates and both the number of hydroelectric stations and their distance to sampling sites. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of eDNA technology in mapping the distribution of endangered fish species like B. tungting and guiding conservation strategies. Our findings emphasize the crucial need to enhance environmental conditions, particularly water quality and habitat suitability, to ensure the effective conservation of B. tungting within the YUFRR.
Individual Choices of Wintering Areas Drive Adult Survival Heterogeneity in a Long‐Lived Seabird
Authors: Genovart M. , Ramos R. , Igual J. M. , Sanz‐Aguilar A. , Tavecchia G. , Rotger A. , Militão T. , Vicente‐Sastre D. , Garcia‐Urdangarin B. , Pradel R. , González‐Solís J. , Oro D.
Published: December 2024

Seasonal migration has evolved as an adaptation for exploiting peaks of resource abundance and avoiding unfavourable climatic conditions. Differential migratory strategies and choices of wintering areas by long‐distance migratory species may impose varying selective pressures and mortality risks with fitness consequences. Recently developed tracking technologies allow wintering movements of migratory species to be studied. However, these technologies typically involve a limited number of tracked individuals, which gives low statistical power for any robust estimate of survival probabilities. Additionally, when utilising geolocators, data become accessible only upon individual recapture, presenting a potential source of bias. We used multievent modelling to include information of 147 identified wintering tracks in the analysis of 1104 long‐term individual capture histories (2000–2022) of migratory seabird Calonectris diomedea and then test if individual preferences for wintering areas may drive heterogeneity in adult survival. We also examined individual fidelity to wintering areas and tested if climatic and oceanographic conditions, as represented by the wNAO and SOI climatic indices, influenced survival and fidelity. The probability of fidelity to a wintering area was ca. 0.79. Annual changes between areas were influenced by environmental variability driven by the wNAO. Survival probability was influenced by the SOI and differed between wintering areas; these differences coupled with high wintering site fidelity, generated individual heterogeneity in adult survival. Our study reveals that, over the last two decades, some individuals wintered in less suitable areas, with nonnegligible consequences on adult survival, the parameter to which the population growth rate is most sensitive in long‐lived species. Winter oceanographic conditions such as stormy weather or the proximity to upwellings probably play a relevant role in driving survival heterogeneity. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of how the interlinked effects of climate, local selective pressures and individual condition shape population dynamics in migratory species.
Thermodynamic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle using waste heat of V18 MAN 51/60DF engine
Authors: Şahin Mehmet Erhan , Elbir Ahmet , Özgür Arif Emre
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the integration of the supercritical carbon dioxide (S‐CO2) cycle with V18 MAN 51/60DF engines for waste heat recovery in powerships, representing a significant advancement in energy production efficiency. Detailed analysis focuses on the micro S‐CO2 cycle's potential in terms of energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic benefits. The results demonstrate the system's capability to utilize 374.4 kW of heat provided by 1 kg/s air flow, achieving an exergy efficiency of 9.7% and an energy efficiency of 21.8%. The compressor requires 35.51 kW of work, while the turbine produces 89.62 kW, resulting in a net work output of 54.11 kW. The CO2 mass flow rate is 0.9988 kg/s, and 320.3 kW of heat is transferred to sea water through a flow rate of 0.1231 kg/s. These studies show that the micro supercritical carbon dioxide cycle has great potential in energy production and waste heat recovery and may offer an important innovation to increase energy efficiency, especially in powerships. It highlights the potential of this innovative technology to deliver higher efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and more compact designs than traditional energy conversion systems. These findings indicate that the S‐CO2 cycle can effectively enhance energy production in future projects, offering a promising solution for sustainable power generation.
Search Survive Optimization Based Deep Incorporated Model for Electric Vehicle Battery Fault Detection
Authors: Jha Shashank Kumar , Jha Sumit Kumar , Jha Bishnu Mohan
Published: December 2024

With the progressive switching from a conventional transportation system to an intelligent transportation system (ITS), the eco‐friendly alternative is made possible in metro cities. Moreover, electric vehicles (EVs) gained more attention due to their low charging costs, low energy consumption, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, a single failure or malfunction in an EV's intrinsic components due to poor charging infrastructure can bring about a high tendency of fault occurrence that needs to be diagnosed earlier for efficient safety management. In addition, ensuring the safety and reliability of these EV batteries remains a critical challenge that underscores the importance of an efficient battery fault detection system, pivotal in enhancing battery safety and lifespan. Hence, the research centers on developing a well‐structured battery fault detection model leveraging a Search‐ Survive optimization (SSO) based deep incorporated model. This incorporated model combines Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN), Deep Bidirectional Long‐Short Term Memory (Deep BiLSTM), and Deep Belief Network (DBN) that assists in extracting the hierarchical representations and the spatial–temporal features associated with the various EV faults. The deep incorporated model is optimized with SSO that aids the model to perform enhanced battery fault detection of EVs. Performance assessment relies on key parameters like accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, based on the NASA battery dataset. Impressively, the SSO‐based Deep Incorporated model attains an accuracy of 96.00%, sensitivity of 96.29%, and specificity of 95.72 for 80% of training. With k‐fold 10 validation, the proposed model attained the metric values of 96.31%, 97.29%, and 95.32% respectively using the NASA dataset and surpassed other existing techniques.
Parametric Investigation to Assess the Charging and Discharging Time for a Latent Heat Storage Material‐Based Thermal Energy Storage System for Concentrated Solar Power Plants
Authors: Rudrapati Ramesh , Chavan Santosh , Kim Sung Chul
Published: December 2024

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are becoming increasingly crucial as viable alternatives for effective energy utilization from various sources, such as solar power plants and waste heat from different industrial sectors. The present work focuses on latent heat TES system optimization for solar thermal power plant applications. This study aims to assess the impact of different thermal processing factors on the efficiency of TES systems. Parametric analysis determines a TES system's charging and discharging durations that use latent heat storage material. Thermal processing conditions were selected as input parameters, such as the heat transfer fluid inlet temperature, flow rate, and number of phase change material (PCM) capsules. Experiments were planned to use the L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method, and response measures, such as charging time (CT) and discharging time (DT), were monitored. A signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis was used to evaluate the significance of the thermal processing parameters on the response measures. Response surface methodology (RSM) postulates the mathematical relationships between process conditions and responses. Finally, the multi‐objective Jaya optimization algorithm (MOJOA) was used to optimize the parametric combination to minimize CT and maximize DT simultaneously. A heat transfer fluid inlet temperature of 65°C, flow rate of 2 L/min, and 40 PCM capsules were determined as the optimal parametric conditions by MOJOA for predicting the combined CT and DT. The verification test results substantiate the enhanced responses of the latent heat TES system, specifically in the CT and DT. Utilizing the integrated Taguchi method, RSM‐MOJOA is advantageous for examining, modeling, and predicting PCM‐based TES systems.
Development of Structured Illumination Microscope Using Transmission Diffraction Grating Obtained by Analog Microfilming Method
Authors: Denčevski Aleksa , Jelić Jovana Z. , Senkić Ana , Krmpot Aleksandar J. , Rabasović Mihailo D.
Published: December 2024

We present the development of a custom‐built structured illumination microscope (SIM) featuring a specially designed transmission diffraction grating. Employing the analog microfilming method, we fabricated transmission diffraction gratings suited to the specific requirements of our system. This robust and cost‐effective method allows for the fabrication of diffraction gratings with customized constants, ensuring excellent transmission in both the visible and near‐infrared spectra. Additionally, to assess the performance of our system, we measured the resolution in both epifluorescent and super‐resolution imaging modalities by applying two independent methods: the conventional resolution measurement using fluorescent beads and the knife‐edge technique applied on the MoS2 monolayer flakes. Both methods confirmed enhancement in the resolution of SIM over the epifluorescent imaging modality. Furthermore, we have successfully demonstrated the capabilities of our microscope by imaging fluorescently labeled astrocytes, specifically targeting the vimentin filament protein within these cells. The super‐resolution images reveal fine structures of the vimentin cytoskeleton that remain unresolved in the epifluorescent image.
The Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Meta‐Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Lin Li , Xue Kaiyuan , Yang Jingwen , Wang Shanshan , An Yuepeng , Yang Suqing
Published: December 2024

Aims

This review aimed to investigate whether atopic dermatitis (AD) increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by analyzing data from longitudinal studies.

Methods

Cohort and case–control studies evaluating the association between AD and the risk of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) were included. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to April 15, 2024.

Results

A total of eight retrospective cohort studies comprising 61 190 816 participants were included. Meta‐analysis revealed that AD significantly increased the risk of IBD (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.31–1.43) without statistical heterogeneity. Further pooled analysis showed that AD was a significant risk factor for CD (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.31–1.76) and UC (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13–1.56), with high inter‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 83% and 89%, respectively). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.

Conclusion

AD is associated with an increased risk of IBD, significantly elevating the risk of both CD and UC.
Measuring the association between diagnostic errors and neighborhood disadvantage
Authors: Kaiksow Farah A. , Brendel Marina , Hubbard Colin C. , Lee Tiffany , Chia David , Brooks Katherine , Ruhnke Gregory W. , Raffel Katie E. , Goyal Abhishek , Kantor Molly A. , Helminski A. Shams , Alday Angela , Astik Gopi J. , Barish Peter , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Auerbach Andrew D.
Published: December 2024

Patients who reside in areas of high neighborhood disadvantage have poorer health outcomes; the mechanisms for this disparity are complex. We sought to determine if there was an association between neighborhood disadvantage and diagnostic error among a cohort of adult inpatients who experienced either an ICU transfer or in‐hospital death. Using a sample of 527 patients from seven geographically diverse academic medical systems, we compared diagnostic error rates to patients' neighborhood disadvantage levels as measured by the Area Deprivation Index, a validated composite measure of socioeconomic status. In contrast to previous studies that found differences in hospital care based on socioeconomic status, we found no difference in diagnostic error rate between patients based on neighborhood disadvantage. Once a patient reaches the hospital, their risk of diagnostic error is not related to the neighborhood in which they live.
Collaborative use of a 3D anatomy platform to motivate and enhance anatomy learning in first‐year online medical sonography students
Authors: Fenech Michelle , Mead Nadia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Sonography students require a deep understanding of structural anatomy, including where structures sit relative to one another. Additionally, they need to learn the complex task of identifying structures on medical images including X‐rays, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound imaging. Anatomy can be taught online, but learning can be challenging for students. Online three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy platforms aid student learning, but research investigating how to use them effectively when teaching is scarce. This project evaluated the impact of incorporating a three‐dimensional (3D) online anatomy platform into teaching relative structural anatomy and assist sonography students when learning how to recognise structures on medical images.

Methods

Sixty‐one first‐year sonography students within an articulated undergraduate and postgraduate medical sonography programme in Australia, studying anatomy online participated in this mixed methods study. The impact of using a 3D online anatomy platform on their conceptual 3D anatomy understanding of relative anatomy, development of medical image recognition skills and their learning experience was assessed via a Qualtrics survey.

Results

Students who used this platform collaboratively enhanced their relative anatomy understanding and developed the skill of identifying structures from medical images. The scaffolded use of this platform generated enquiry discussions between teachers and students and made learning anatomy online a social and enjoyable experience.

Conclusion

Collaborative and interactive scaffolded use of 3D online anatomy platforms can motivate and encourage student questions and discussions, enabling social connections and enhancing their learning experience. Student enquiry skills were developed, and the more complex task of identifying structures from medical images was made achievable.
Work‐Family Balance, Digital Leadership Skills, and Family Social Support as the Predictors of Subjective Well‐Being of Y‐Generation Managers
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Salamzadeh Aidin , Dana Leo Paul , Braga Vitor
Published: December 2024

Over the past few years, academic scholars have shifted toward paying more attention to work‐family balance, family social support, and subjective well‐being, as these are critical issues for mature employees. Besides, Y‐Gen managers are more concerned about their digital leadership skills, which is also crucial for subjective well‐being. However, for this study, the researchers have constructed the main research variables (work‐family balance, digital leadership skills, family social support, and subjective well‐being) based on the assumptions of spillover theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory. The current study has three distinct objectives: (a) to determine the impact of work‐family balance, digital leadership skills, and family social support on subjective well‐being, (b) to test the mediation effects of family social support in the relationships between work‐family balance, digital leadership skills and subjective well‐being (c) to test the moderation effects of gender on the relationships between work‐family balance, digital leadership skills and subjective well‐being. Using the convenience sampling technique, data was taken from 314 Y‐Gen mid and top‐level managers working in the private sector in Bangladesh. The findings revealed that work‐family balance, digital leadership skills, and family social support positively affect Y‐Gen managers' subjective well‐being. Besides, family social support partially mediates the relationships between work‐family balance, digital leadership skills and subjective well‐being. However, gender does not have any moderation effect on the relationship between work‐family balance, digital leadership skills and subjective well‐being. Therefore, the higher authority needs to focus more on Y‐Gen managers regarding work‐family balance and digital leadership skills.
New report a call to action to stop increasing mass violence
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Expanding the use of and funding for threat assessment teams that can identify potential attackers and address situations before they approach crisis levels is just one of several recommendations key to addressing and stopping the mass violence that continues to escalate in this country, according to a new report released last week by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing Medical Director Institute (MDI).
Stable and Periodic Soliton Molecules in the Fiber Ring Laser
Authors: Ban Xiaoqiang , Li Xiaohui , Li Qian , Fu Hongyan
Published: December 2024

Stable and periodic soliton molecules (SMs) have been studied numerically by coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations (CNLSEs). Split and formation processes of different‐order SMs are observed by changing saturation power and filtering bandwidth. Bimodal pulses of SMs are in a transition state toward higher‐order SMs. Short‐period and long‐period SMs are observed by adjusting saturation power. The research contributes to revealing SM dynamics, which has potential applications in encoding as well as optical storage.
Using Urban Residue in Polylactic Acid Composites Part I: Effect of Castor Oil on the Crystallization Kinetics
Authors: Dantas Lorena Vanessa Medeiros , Araújo Amanda Meneses , Barros Janetty Jany Pereira , da Silva Mary Gleyce Andrade , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Bezerra Elieber , Barreto José Vinícius , Araújo Edcleide , de Melo Renato Pereira , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos
Published: December 2024

This work aimed analyzing the chemical and thermal aspects of Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites with Coconut Fiber (CF) and irradiated Coconut Fiber (CFI), upon castor oil (CO) addition. Influence of treated and untreated CF, at 10 and 20 wt.%, on the crystallization kinetics of PLA/CO composites is also investigated. At first, CF is chemically treated through mercerization under NaOH solution with subsequent gamma irradiation. Chemical changes include absence of bands ≈3300 cm−1 and the presence of vibrations at 3000–2851 cm−1 in composites with treated fibers, as evidenced by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal behavior, as well as crystallization kinetics, are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1), using Pseudo‐Avrami (PA), Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW) models. Activation energy (Ea) is calculated using OFW, KAS, Friedman (FR), and Vyazovkin (VZ) methods. Results showed changes in the FTIR spectra for PLA/5%CO/10%CF and PLA/5%CO/20%CFI, indicating absence of the carbonyl group (1594 cm−1) present in the ester group of PLA. Insertion of CFs increased the crystallization temperature. Presence of CFI provided an inversion in Ea, when compared to PLA/CO, suggesting that irradiation induces PLA stronger interactions. Gathered results highlight the potential of modified coconut fibers for the development of sustainable composite materials.
Three Measures to Control a Spatiotemporal Epidemic Model: An Optimal Control Approach
Authors: Ben Rhila Soukaina , Karim Marouane , Rachik Mostafa
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we examine the impact of the main disease control measures such as vaccination, isolation, and treatment on the spread of a disease in a given population. based on a SIQRS spatio‐temporal epidemiological model. Our main objective is to characterize an optimal control that minimizes the number of infected individuals and the control costs over a finite spatial and temporal domain. Much of this work has been devoted to mathematical study, where the existence of optimal controls has been proved. We give their description in terms of state variables and adjoint variables, and the optimality system is solved numerically using a forward‐backward sweep method. To illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results, we present numerical simulations for several scenarios. Our results may be useful for the development of disease control strategies.
Podocyte YAP ablation decreases podocyte adhesion and exacerbates FSGS progression through α3β1 integrin
Authors: Shao Guangze , Xu Jitu , Hu Chencheng , Jia Wenyao , Xu Xitong , Gu Yue , Zhang Luming , Zheng Zhihuang , Zhong Jiayan , Zhu Siqi , Meng Shenghao , Zhao Zhonghua , Zhang Zhigang , Liu Jun , Xu Yanyong , Wu Huijuan
Published: December 2024

Severe proteinuria in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is closely associated with decreased adhesion, and subsequent loss, of podocytes. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is a key transcriptional coactivator that plays a significant role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its role in podocyte adhesion and its specific mechanism in FSGS progression remain unclear. In this study, an adriamycin (ADR)‐induced FSGS model was established using podocyte‐specific Yap knockout (KO) mice and control mice. These mice were further treated with Pyrintegrin, an agonist of α3β1 integrin, or a vehicle. Additionally, an ADR‐induced FSGS model was constructed using podocyte‐specific Itga3 KO mice, which were subsequently treated with 1‐oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a YAP activator, or a vehicle. Our findings demonstrated that YAP was positively correlated with podocyte adhesion. Podocyte‐specific Yap KO mice exhibited reduced levels of α3β1 integrin and podocyte adhesion. Yap KO aggravated the ADR‐induced reduction in α3β1 integrin and podocyte adhesion, resulting in significantly increased segmental or global glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria. Notably, treatment with a β1 integrin agonist partially ameliorated the decrease of podocyte adhesion and the worsening FSGS progression caused by Yap KO. Mechanistically, YAP was found to transcriptionally regulate α3‐ and β1 integrin via transcriptional enhanced associate domain 3 (TEAD3), with TEAD3 binding to the promoter region of Itga3. Furthermore, Itga3 KO or knockdown abolished the beneficial effects of YAP activation on podocyte adhesion and FSGS progression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that YAP regulates podocyte adhesion and FSGS progression through its transcriptional regulation of α3β1 integrin via TEAD3. This suggests that the YAP‐TEAD3‐α3β1 integrin axis may serve as a promising therapeutic target for FSGS. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Effect of fatigue loading on physical and structural properties of epoxy in glass fiber reinforced polymer: An analysis
Authors: Moghadas S. A. , Zabett Ahad , Sahebian Samaneh , Ramezanian N.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the fatigue behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite and the changes in the physical properties and the structure of epoxy due to fatigue loading. Vacuum infusion process (VIP) was used to manufacture the glass fiber biaxial (0°, 90°) reinforced epoxy composite. The tensile strength of the fabricated composite was 420.1 MPa. Tensile‐tensile fatigue test was performed at 70%, 50%, 42%, and 35% of the tensile strength of fabricated composite. Damage mechanisms causing fatigue failure, namely, pull‐out, debonding, delamination, and matrix cracking were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography. Pull‐out of the fibers and debonding were more at the lower load level, while delamination and matrix cracking were more prevalent at the higher load level. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed changes in the OH and CH stretching aliphatic peaks of the composite after fatigue loading. Decomposition temperature and the glass transition temperature of the epoxy in the composite also decreased due to the applied fatigue loading.

Highlights

Glass fiber reinforced polimer biaxial (0°, 90°) composite was manufactured by VIP technique

Tensile‐tensile fatigue test was performed at 70%, 50%, 42% and 35% of the UTS

SEM analysis was utilized to investigate fractography of fatigue failure

Structural and physical properties in epoxy matrix was studied after fatigue

Results showed changes in physical and structural properties of epoxy matrix