bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Issues, Probable Approaches for Stabilization and Associated
Patents in the Pharmaceutical Field for Oleosome, A Novel Carrier for
Drug Delivery
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Singh Ajmer , Sandhu Navjot K.
Published: March 2021

Oleosomes are oil-containing micro-carriers of natural origin that are comprised of
special oleosin proteins embedded with a monolayer of phospholipids having a triacylglycerol
core. Due to their unique structure and non-toxicity in the biological system, these oil carriers are
becoming very eye-catching for formulation development in the field of pharmacy. Consequently,
oleosome offers emoliency, occlusivity, self-emulsification, anti-oxidant, and film-forming
properties, which leads to controlled and sustained release of encapsulated bio-actives. It is also
feasible to load oil-soluble ingredients, such as fragrance, vitamins (retinol), and lipophilic drug
moieties inside the core. Being a natural carrier, it shows some stability issues (leakage of oil
from the core, oxidation of the loaded oil, aggregation of oil droplets), which are controllable. In
this review, we have focused on the various stability issues, the techniques (coating, surface
modification, solvents) and how to overcome those problems, and how to load any lipophilic
drug into the oil core, and we have also linked patent research works in the field of formulation
development.
Measurement of the Hygric Resistance of Concrete Blocks with Perfect Contact Interface: Influence of the Contact Area
Authors: Azevedo António C. , Delgado João M.P.Q. , Silva Klayne.K.S. , Leal André L.M.S. , Guimarães Ana S. , Ribeiro Isabel
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Concrete sealing blocks are not only used in Brazil but worldwide. T he knowledge of the material properties in the presence of moisture becomes necessary to study the durability of buildings.

Methods:

An experimental study was carried out in order to analyse the effect of contact area on the capillary absorption coefficient of concrete samples used in sealing blocks, according to several standards: NBR 9779 (2012), EN 1015-18 (2002), ISO 15148 (2002) and ASTM C1794 (2015). Two types of specimens were analysed; monolithic samples and samples with a perfect contact interface. The monolithic samples were also subjected to axial and radial compression in order to enhance the capacity of masonry.

Results:

The experimental results for the samples with perfect contact interface indicate that the water absorption before the interface presents similar behaviour to the monolithic samples. However, it is possible to observe a reduction of the absorption rate when water reaches the interface due to the hygric resistance. In other words, the moisture transport is significantly retarded by the existence of an interface, i.e., the discontinuity of moisture content across the interface indicated that there was a difference in capillary pressure across the interface. Also, the interface contact area does not greatly influence the water-resistance values.

Conclusion:

Finally, the Hygric Resistance values (HR), in multilayer building components, with perfect contact interface are calculated using the “knee point” methodology.
Middle East Preferred Practice Patterns for Dry Eye Disease: A Modified Delphi Consensus
Authors: Al-Maskari Ahmed Z. , Alarfaj Khalid , Shaheen Mohamed S. , Al-Yousuf Nada , Giledi Osama , Algehedan Saeed , Navon Sam , Lazreg Sihem
Published: March 2021

Background:

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a common ophthalmic condition resulting from dysfunction in the ocular surface, main lacrimal gland, meibomian glands, or connecting nerves.

Objective:

A group of local experts met to discuss local challenges and establish consensus in DED management across the Middle East.

Methods:

A modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus, comprising two rounds of the survey and a face-to-face meeting. An expert panel of 8 ophthalmologists voted on 23 statements, with consensus reached if ≥75% responded “strongly agree” or “agree” to a statement.

Results:

The expert panel reached consensus on 23 statements relating to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of DED. Diagnosis begins with recording a detailed patient history and assessing subjective symptoms such as redness, burning, stinging, foreign body sensation, and/or photophobia. Tear Break-up Time (TBUT; <10 s), corneal spots (>5), and fluorescein staining are essential for diagnosing DED, assessing disease severity and ocular surface condition, and differentiating between types of DED. Ocular surface lubricants are the mainstay of treatment for DED. Treatment approaches should be categorized by etiology (if known). An improvement in symptoms can be observed objectively via an increase in TBUT, reduction in corneal and conjunctival spots, and restoration of normal tear production, or subjectively via less dependence on ocular surface lubricants, improved vision quality, and symptom amelioration.

Conclusion:

This consensus will serve to provide a framework for clinical decisions relating to the management of DED across the region.
Role of Age and Sex on Simple and Complex Carbohydrates Rich Foods Consumption and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Hospital Based Case - Control Study
Authors: Fiore Maria , Cristaldi Antonio , Okatyeva Valeria , Lo Bianco Salvatore , Conti Gea Oliveri , Zuccarello Pietro , Copat Chiara , Caltabiano Rosario , Cannizzaro Matteo , Ferrante Margherita
Published: March 2021

Background:

The risk of thyroid cancer has already been related to diet/carbohydrates rich foods, but the association has not been investigated in terms of age and sex implications.

Objective:

We studied the relationship between thyroid cancer and the consumption of simply and complex carbohydrates rich foods, mainly investigating the possible predictive role of age and sex.

Methods:

We analyzed data from a hospital case-control study conducted in Italy from 2015 to 2018, including 106 cases of thyroid cancer and 121 controls. The consumption of simple and complex carbohydrates rich foods was investigated through the validated Lifestyles Questionnaire using a 4-level scale (never, 1 time per week, 2–3 times a week, 6 times a week). Statistical data analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 program.

Results:

We found a moderate negative correlation between simple carbohydrates rich foods consumption and age (rho= -0.364, p:0.00), particularly in females (females: rho= -0.374, p:0.00; males: rho=-0.266, p=0.036). A weak positive correlation was found between age and complex carbohydrates-rich foods only in males (rho= 0.244, p=0.054). The Two-Way Analysis of Variance confirmed that, overall, simple carbohydrates rich foods consumption decreased with age categories (Case: F=2.59, p=0.032; Control: F=3.14, p=0.011), although it remains higher for female than male cases at all age categories (≤38, 39-52, 53+years). Conversely the complex carbohydrates rich foods intake had interaction with age categories only in controls group (Control: F=1.95, p=0.09; Case: F=0.744, p=0.592), where based on sex, it remains higher for female than male at ≤38 and 39-52 age categories. It should be emphasized that in category ≤38 we had only one male cases.

Conclusion:

Our study adds new and relevant information to support the hypothesis that age and sex could impact the thyroid cancer risk by their involvement in simple carbohydrates rich foods consumption. Therefore, future interventions are needed for an understanding of the pathophysiological associations between only carbohydrates rich foods intake and thyroid cancer, mainly for older and female populations, and also for the improvement of preventive public health policies and “Gender Medicine”.
Online Tool for the Assessment of the Burden of COVID-19 in Patients: Development Study
Authors: van Noort Esther M J , Claessens Danny , Moor Catharina C , Berg Carlijn A L Van Den , Kasteleyn Marise J , in 't Veen Johannes C C M , Van Schayck Onno C P , Chavannes Niels H
Published: March 2021

Background

The impact of COVID-19 has been felt worldwide, yet we are still unsure about its full impact. One of the gaps in our current knowledge relates to the long-term mental and physical impact of the infection on affected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic hit the Netherlands at the end of February 2020, resulting in over 900,000 people testing positive for the virus, over 24,000 hospitalizations, and over 13,000 deaths by the end of January 2021. Although many patients recover from the acute phase of the disease, experience with other virus outbreaks has raised concerns regarding possible late sequelae of the infection.

Objective

This study aims to develop an online tool to assess the long-term burden of COVID-19 in patients.

Methods

In this paper, we describe the process of development, assessment, programming, implementation, and use of this new tool: the assessment of burden of COVID-19 (ABCoV) tool. This new tool is based on the well-validated assessment of burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tool.

Results

As of January 2021, the new ABCoV tool has been used in an online patient platform by more than 2100 self-registered patients and another 400 patients in a hospital setting, resulting in over 2500 patients. These patients have submitted the ABCoV questionnaire 3926 times. Among the self-registered patients who agreed to have their data analyzed (n=1898), the number of females was high (n=1153, 60.7%), many were medically diagnosed with COVID-19 (n=892, 47.0%), and many were relatively young with only 7.4% (n=141) being older than 60 years. Of all patients that actually used the tool (n=1517), almost one-quarter (n=356, 23.5%) used the tool twice, and only a small group (n=76, 5.0%) used the tool 6 times.

Conclusions

This new ABCoV tool has been broadly and repeatedly used, and may provide insight into the perceived burden of disease, provide direction for personalized aftercare for people post COVID-19, and help us to be prepared for possible future recurrences.
Blockchain Personal Health Records: Systematic Review
Authors: Fang Hao Sen Andrew , Tan Teng Hwee , Tan Yan Fang Cheryl , Tan Chun Jin Marcus
Published: March 2021

Background

Blockchain technology has the potential to enable more secure, transparent, and equitable data management. In the health care domain, it has been applied most frequently to electronic health records. In addition to securely managing data, blockchain has significant advantages in distributing data access, control, and ownership to end users. Due to this attribute, among others, the use of blockchain to power personal health records (PHRs) is especially appealing.

Objective

This review aims to examine the current landscape, design choices, limitations, and future directions of blockchain-based PHRs.

Methods

Adopting the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, a cross-disciplinary systematic review was performed in July 2020 on all eligible articles, including gray literature, from the following 8 databases: ACM, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Three reviewers independently performed a full-text review and data abstraction using a standardized data collection form.

Results

A total of 58 articles met the inclusion criteria. In the review, we found that the blockchain PHR space has matured over the past 5 years, from purely conceptual ideas initially to an increasing trend of publications describing prototypes and even implementations. Although the eventual application of blockchain in PHRs is intended for the health care industry, the majority of the articles were found in engineering or computer science publications. Among the blockchain PHRs described, permissioned blockchains and off-chain storage were the most common design choices. Although 18 articles described a tethered blockchain PHR, all of them were at the conceptual stage.

Conclusions

This review revealed that although research interest in blockchain PHRs is increasing and that the space is maturing, this technology is still largely in the conceptual stage. Being the first systematic review on blockchain PHRs, this review should serve as a basis for future reviews to track the development of the space.
Enhancing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis With Screening Through Disease Phenotypes: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Daniela , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira
Published: March 2021

Background

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines suggest that clinical prediction algorithms can be used in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without replacing polysomnography, which is the gold standard.

Objective

This study aims to develop a clinical decision support system for OSA diagnosis according to its standard definition (apnea-hypopnea index plus symptoms), identifying individuals with high pretest probability based on risk and diagnostic factors.

Methods

A total of 47 predictive variables were extracted from a cohort of patients who underwent polysomnography. A total of 14 variables that were univariately significant were then used to compute the distance between patients with OSA, defining a hierarchical clustering structure from which patient phenotypes were derived and described. Affinity from individuals at risk of OSA phenotypes was later computed, and cluster membership was used as an additional predictor in a Bayesian network classifier (model B).

Results

A total of 318 patients at risk were included, of whom 207 (65.1%) individuals were diagnosed with OSA (111, 53.6% with mild; 50, 24.2% with moderate; and 46, 22.2% with severe). On the basis of predictive variables, 3 phenotypes were defined (74/207, 35.7% low; 104/207, 50.2% medium; and 29/207, 14.1% high), with an increasing prevalence of symptoms and comorbidities, the latter describing older and obese patients, and a substantial increase in some comorbidities, suggesting their beneficial use as combined predictors (median apnea-hypopnea indices of 10, 14, and 31, respectively). Cross-validation results demonstrated that the inclusion of OSA phenotypes as an adjusting predictor in a Bayesian classifier improved screening specificity (26%, 95% CI 24-29, to 38%, 95% CI 35-40) while maintaining a high sensitivity (93%, 95% CI 91-95), with model B doubling the diagnostic model effectiveness (diagnostic odds ratio of 8.14).

Conclusions

Defined OSA phenotypes are a sensitive tool that enhances our understanding of the disease and allows the derivation of a predictive algorithm that can clearly outperform symptom-based guideline recommendations as a rule-out approach for screening.
Information and Communication Technology Use in Suicide Prevention: Scoping Review
Authors: Rassy Jessica , Bardon Cécile , Dargis Luc , Côté Louis-Philippe , Corthésy-Blondin Laurent , Mörch Carl-Maria , Labelle Réal
Published: March 2021

Background

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in suicide prevention has progressed rapidly over the past decade. ICT plays a major role in suicide prevention, but research on best and promising practices has been slow.

Objective

This paper aims to explore the existing literature on ICT use in suicide prevention to answer the following question: what are the best and most promising ICT practices for suicide prevention?

Methods

A scoping search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and IEEE Xplore. These databases were searched for articles published between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018. The five stages of the scoping review process were as follows: identifying research questions; targeting relevant studies; selecting studies; charting data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The World Health Organization suicide prevention model was used according to the continuum of universal, selective, and indicated prevention.

Results

Of the 3848 studies identified, 115 (2.99%) were selected. Of these, 10 regarded the use of ICT in universal suicide prevention, 53 referred to the use of ICT in selective suicide prevention, and 52 dealt with the use of ICT in indicated suicide prevention.

Conclusions

The use of ICT plays a major role in suicide prevention, and many promising programs were identified through this scoping review. However, large-scale evaluation studies are needed to further examine the effectiveness of these programs and strategies. In addition, safety and ethics protocols for ICT-based interventions are recommended.
Intention to Adopt mHealth Apps Among Informal Caregivers: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ghahramani Fereshteh , Wang Jingguo
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Caregiving responsibility can change caregivers’ lives; modify their emotions; and make them feel frustrated, fearful, and nervous, thereby imposing physical and mental stress. Caregiving-related mobile apps provide a platform for obtaining valuable and trusted information, connecting more easily with other caregivers, monitoring medications, and managing appointments, and assessing health requirements and conditions of care receivers. Such apps also incorporate valuable resources that address care for the caregivers. Despite the potential benefits of caregiving-related apps, only a limited number of caregivers have adopted and used them.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the important factors that affect caregivers’ intentions to integrate related mobile apps into their routine caregiving responsibilities.

METHODS

Using the protection motivation theory, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 249 participants. Purposive sampling was used to target participants who met 4 inclusion criteria: US residents, owning and using a smartphone, informal caregivers (individuals who give care to a friend or family member without payment) who provided at least 8 hours of care per week in the past year, and those currently not using any mobile app for caregiving purposes. We created a survey using Qualtrics and posted it on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk website. Participants received monetary compensation after successful completion of the survey.

RESULTS

We found that capabilities and skills of caregivers to use mobile apps, the app’s effectiveness in responding to the needs of caregivers, the degree of control of caregivers over their responsibilities, and the decisions they make for their care receivers can predict their willingness to adopt caregiving-related apps. In addition, the severity of health status and vulnerability of care receivers to unexpected health changes indirectly shape their caregivers’ decisions to adopt and use mobile apps for caregiving purposes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study explores the important factors that affect informal caregivers’ intentions to adopt related mobile apps into their routine caregiving responsibilities. The results contribute to both mobile health adoption and the caregiving literature, and they offer significant implications for developers, health care practitioners, and policy makers.

CLINICALTRIAL
Supporting Management of Noncommunicable Diseases With Mobile Health (mHealth) Apps: Experimental Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kela Neta , Eytam Eleanor , Katz Adi
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading global health problem in this century and are the principal causes of death and health care spending worldwide. Mobile health (mHealth) apps can help manage and prevent NCDs if people are willing to use them as supportive tools. Still, many people are reluctant to adopt these technologies. Implementing new apps could result in earlier intervention for many health conditions, preventing more serious complications.

OBJECTIVE

This research project aimed to test the factors that facilitate the adoption of mHealth apps by users with NCDs. We focused on determining, first, what user interface (UI) qualities and complexity levels appeal to users in evaluating mHealth apps. We also wanted to determine whether people prefer that the data collected by an mHealth app be analyzed using a physician or an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. The contribution of this work is both theoretical and practical. We examined users’ considerations when adopting mHealth apps that promote healthy lifestyles and helped them manage their NCDs. Our results can also help direct mHealth app UI designers to focus on the most appealing aspects of our findings.

METHODS

A total of 347 respondents volunteered to rate 3 models of mHealth apps based on 16 items that measured instrumentality, aesthetics, and symbolism. Respondents rated each model after reading 1 of 2 different scenarios. In one scenario, a physician analyzed the data, whereas, in the other, the data were analyzed by an AI algorithm. These scenarios tested the degree of trust people placed in AI algorithms versus the “human touch” of a human physician regarding analyzing data collected by an mHealth app.

RESULTS

As shown by the responses, the involvement of a human physician in the application had a significant effect (P<.001) on the perceived instrumentality of the simple model. The complex model with more controls was rated significantly more aesthetic when associated with a physician performing data analysis rather than an AI algorithm (P=.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Generally, when participants found a human touch in the mHealth app (connection to a human physician who they assumed would analyze their data), they judged the app more favorably. Simple models were evaluated more positively than complex ones, and aesthetics and symbolism were salient predictors of preference. These trends suggest that designers and developers of mHealth apps should keep the designs simple and pay special attention to aesthetics and symbolic value.
Audiovisual Content for a Radiology Fellowship Selection Process During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Web-Based Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Godoy Ivan Rodrigues Barros , Neto Luís Pecci , Skaf Abdalla , Leão-Filho Hilton Muniz , Freddi Tomás De Andrade Lourenço , Jasinowodolinski Dany , Yamada André Fukunishi
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Traditional radiology fellowships are usually 1- or 2-year clinical training programs in a specific area after completion of a 4-year residency program.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the experience of fellowship applicants in answering radiology questions in an audiovisual format using their own smartphones after answering radiology questions in a traditional printed text format as part of the application process during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that fellowship applicants would find that recorded audiovisual radiology content adds value to the conventional selection process, may increase engagement by using their own smartphone device, and facilitate the understanding of imaging findings of radiology-based questions, while maintaining social distancing.

METHODS

One senior staff radiologist of each subspecialty prepared 4 audiovisual radiology questions for each subspecialty. We conducted a survey using web-based questionnaires for 123 fellowship applications for musculoskeletal (n=39), internal medicine (n=61), and neuroradiology (n=23) programs to evaluate the experience of using audiovisual radiology content as a substitute for the conventional text evaluation.

RESULTS

Most of the applicants (n=122, 99%) answered positively (with responses of “agree” or “strongly agree”) that images in digital forms are of superior quality to those printed on paper. In total, 101 (82%) applicants agreed with the statement that the presentation of cases in audiovisual format facilitates the understanding of the findings. Furthermore, 81 (65%) candidates agreed or strongly agreed that answering digital forms is more practical than conventional paper forms.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of audiovisual content as part of the selection process for radiology fellowships is a new approach to evaluate the potential to enhance the applicant’s experience during this process. This technology also allows for the evaluation of candidates without the need for in-person interaction. Further studies could streamline these methods to minimize work redundancy with traditional text assessments or even evaluate the acceptance of using only audiovisual content on smartphones.
Correction: The Effect of a Health Game Prompt on Self-efficacy: Online Between-Subjects Experimental Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Haring Priscilla
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
La fotografía en el aula de ciencias: propuestas didácticas
Authors: Martínez Pérez Jesús , Martínez Cuatepotzo Berenice
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se proponen dos estrategias para la enseñanza de la química a nivel medio superior, en donde se utilizan como herramientas principales el teléfono inteligente (smartphone) y la fotografía. Las propuestas presentadas son integrales, porque además de lograr los aprendizajes estipulados en los programas de estudios, permiten que el estudiante se relacione con su entorno, desarrolle habilidades de expresión escrita e de intercambio ideas.
Palabras clave: Fotografía, educación, química, teléfono inteligente.
Evaluación de la flexibilización laboral en México
Authors: Kato-Vidal Enrique
Published: March 2021

Las políticas económicas requieren ser evaluadas para respaldar aciertos o para revertir errores. En México se implementó una legislación que flexibilizó el mercado laboral y ha pasado tiempo suficiente para evaluar qué efecto salarial tuvo. El objetivo del artículo es estimar el impacto de la legislación laboral en la brecha salarialentre trabajadores (permanentes y temporales) con contrato escrito y trabajadores sin él. Para tal efecto, se empleó el método de diferencias en diferencias (DID, por sus siglas en inglés) para detectar el impacto causal de la legislación laboral. Los resultados se interpretan en una vertiente reconocida por Jaime Ros (Márquezy Ros, 1990; Ros, 2004 y 2019), ....
Tipo de cambio y organización industrial: un canal de transmisión
Authors: Betancourt Gómez Michel Eduardo
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo busca examinar un nuevo mecanismo de transmisión del tipo de cambio real en una economía en desarrollo. A través de las contribuciones de J. Ros en un modelo teórico que asume la competencia monopolística, se concluye que una depreciación del tipo de cambio modifica a la organización industrial. Para un análisis de corto plazo, se muestra que una depreciación concentra las cuotas de mercado a favor de las empresas domésticas. Este mecanismo eleva la producción y el empleo por la vía de un aumento de la relación producto-capital. Mientras que para un análisis de largo plazo, una depreciación funge como un costo hundido que concentra a las empresas desplazando a las más pequeñas ...
Cambio tecnológico, productividad y producto de largo plazo de Perú
Authors: Jiménez Félix
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta las estimaciones del producto de largo plazo correspondientes a dos enfoques teóricos. El primero es el enfoque del crecimiento dirigido por la demanda. Se estiman dos modelos de producción de largo plazo: el de Shaikh y Moudud (2004) con una modificación para captar el cambio técnico determinado por la demanda en el sentido kaldoriano (Kaldor, 1957); y el de Thirlwall (1979), según el cual las tasas teóricas de crecimiento de largo plazo de la economía están determinadas por las tasas de crecimiento de las exportaciones. El segundo enfoque es el neoclásico de Solow (1956) y Swan (1956). Para este enfoque el crecimiento de largo plazo está limitado por factores de oferta ...
Healing of sub-critical femoral osteotomies in mice is unaffected by tacrolimus and deletion of recombination activating gene 1
Authors: Liu T-Y , Bartnikowski M , Wu AC , Veitch M , Sokolowski KA , Millard SM , Pettit AR , Glatt V , Evans CH , Wells JW
Published: March 2021

Clinical management of delayed healing or non-union of long bone fractures and segmental defects poses a substantial orthopaedic challenge. There are suggestions in the literature that bone healing may be enhanced by inhibiting the activities of T and B lymphocytes, but this remains controversial. To examine this matter in more detail, sub-critical-sized segmental defects were created in the femora of mice and it was assessed whether there might be a benefit from the administration of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that blocks T cell activation (tacrolimus). Defects were stabilised using an internal plate. In certain groups of animals, 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg tacrolimus was delivered locally to the defect site for 3 or 7 d using an implanted osmotic pump with a silicon catheter directing drug delivery into the defect area. Healing was monitored by weekly X-ray and assessed at 12 weeks by mechanical testing, µCT and histology. Radiographic and histological evaluations revealed that 100 % of defects healed well regardless of tacrolimus dosage or duration. A comparison of healed C57BL/6 and Rag1−/− femora by µCT and ex vivo torsion testing showed no differences within mouse strains in terms of bone volume, tissue volume, bone volume/tissue volume ratio, shear modulus, torsional rigidity or torsional stiffness. These data failed to support an important role for tacrolimus in modulating the natural healing of segmental defects under those experimental conditions.
Lexical abbreviation in English texts of the Internet
Authors:   Nataliya V. Matveeva Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University, Matveeva Nataliya V.
Published: March 2021

This article investigates abbreviations in different Internet discourse types and genres. For the study, continuous sampling method was used to select 76 abbreviations in hypertexts from 7 Internet English-language sites. The selected units were classified into 3 basic types with further subdivisions: letter-number (figure-for-word, figure-for-word-part, contractions as a result of vowel deletion), graphical (both Latin and English) and lexical (acronyms, initialisms, shortening and partial shortening) abbreviations based on the classification adopted in this research. Among the subdivisions, abbreviations involving figures, initialisms and contractions turned out the most frequent. Most of them were found in social networks, blogs, chats and forums. Further, abbreviations were analyzed in 6 types of Internet discourse: legal, political, personal, mass media, advertising and pedagogical. Particular genres representing the types were studied: a business email, a law firm’s website, a political blog, an Instagram personal page, a network media web page, and an academic institution’s page. It was discovered that on the whole (among 57 examples), lexical abbreviations prevail over graphical ones (56% vs 44%). On the whole, 44% were graphical abbreviations, 28% – initialisms, 23% – acronyms and 5% – shortenings. However, in each discourse, the distribution demonstrated considerable variation. This means that the magnitude of the Internet discourse type effect is very high. Further studies are needed to enlarge the number of examples with the increase in the amount of genres and their samples to achieve better balance.
Conceptualizing of pride in Russian and Serbian linguocultures (Based on lexical and phraseological units)
Authors:   Diana I. Medvedeva Udmurt State University, Medvedeva Diana I.
Published: March 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the Russian concept гордость ‘pride’ and its rough equivalent pо̀nos ‘pride’. An integrated approach is used in which the etymology of the concept’s names and its synonyms have been analyzed, as well as the conceptual core of the concept through the generalization of the Russian- and Serbian-language lexicographic data. The conceptual characteristics have been identified; moreover, the analysis of image-bearing and axiological components of the concepts, based on standard collocations, has been carried out. The study proved that the conceptual core of both concepts is identical, and that 75% of characteristic in the semantic structure are positive. The study revealed paired concepts that have an approximate meaning ‘pride’: in Russian, гордость and гордыня, and in Serbian, pо̀nos and gordost. There is difference in frequency, connotations, and the discourses the concepts belong to, secular and religious discourse respectively. In general, the study of the conceptualization of гордость and pо̀nos ‘pride’ revealed both similarities and differences in the concepts’ structure. The conceptual core is mostly similar, while the differences were observed in the image-bearing and axiological components of the concepts.
On the identity of linguistic units in diachronic studies (Exemplified by English)
Authors:   Sergey V. Mukhin MGIMO University
Published: March 2021

The article focuses on the problems of diachronic identification of linguistic units pertaining to different levels of language. The emphasis is on the necessity of this procedure in historic studies of language in regard to heterochronic linguistic forms. The examples of linguistic units on the phonetic and lexical levels are provided from English. With resort to the methods of comparative and historic linguistics, the study proceeds to establish inconsistency between the synchronic and diachronic identity of a phoneme as a component of different words. To this end, a phoneme is diachronically represented as a number of successive forms. An identical source of origin as well as equivalence of historic forms and invariability of their number are recognized to be mandatory conditions to establish diachronic identity of a phoneme. On the lexical level, attention is paid to the factors of dissimilarity between the word-forms of a single lexeme. Notice is taken of more complexity suggested by the diachronic analysis of lexical units as compared with lower language levels. The latter fact is caused by a great number of word-forms typical of the inflexional parent languages, such as Indo-European, Germanic, and English itself at the earlier stages of its history.
Functional and pragmatic potential of intertextual elements in minitexts of advertising abstracts
Authors:   Marina V.  Cherkunova Samara National Research University, Cherkunova Marina V. 
Published: March 2021

The article analyses persuasion mechanisms in advertisements. Abstracts of English scientific editions taken from advertising catalogues of foreign Publishing Houses are used as the experimental material for the research. Abstracts are treated as a special type of minitexts, combining features of scientific and advertising discourse. Intertextual elements are an integral part of the scientific discourse, and being used as a structural element of the abstract, they serve as a means of facilitating the merge of the two discourses. An attempt is made to classify the intertextual elements according to their content. The obtained results enable to conclude that opinions by far outnumber comments. Quotations were further systematized according to the pragmatic function they perform, as a result, five types of quotations were singled out, which ratio makes it possible to draw another conclusion that the functional paradigm of the intertextual elements in the advertising abstracts of scientific books undergoes some changes compared to the original scientific text. In the abstracts of scientific books, quotations, in addition to the referential function, acquire distinct imperative and evaluative functions, and this makes them an instrument of persuasion.
Anthropological linguistics and methodology of studying lexics  of the disappearing language  of the indigenous small people of the North
Authors:   Olga N. Ivanishcheva Murmansk Arctic State University, Ivanishcheva Olga N. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of the research methodology of such a phenomenon as the endangered language of the indigenous people. The Kildin Saami language is considered as an subject of study, and the vocabulary of this language is considered as an object. The new idea of the work consists in a cognitive approach to the forms and methods of cognition of the endangered language of the Kola North in the framework of anthropological linguistics. It is shown that the reliance on the experience of native speakers of the small indigenous people of the North is crucial in the methodology of its research. Interviews, questionnaires, field studies should be combined in the study of the vocabulary of such a language with the methods of generalization and comparison. It is emphasized that the comparison method in studying the vocabulary of an indigenous minority can be used to solve the problem of distinguishing between scientific and naive knowledge of realities, and therefore, distinguishing between “naive-language” and “scientific” pictures of the world. The specificity of using the comparison technique, which consists in the features of the compared objects, is noted. For endangered languages, the article proposes to compare written sources, including dictionaries of the past and / or beginning of the last twentieth century, and oral materials of modern field research. It is argued that this way of analysis helps to determine the degree of preservation of the language, which is under threat of extinction. It has been established that a cognitive approach to the analysis of the vocabulary of the Kildin Saami language reveals not only the presence / absence of gaps in the linguistic consciousness of the modern native speaker, but also the connotative meanings associated with imposing a traditional folk worldview with the realities of the modern life of the indigenous people.
Geodesic support of laser scan technology use for fixing cultural heritage objects
Authors: Choker H.M. , Mustafin M.G.
Published: March 2021

Preservation of cultural heritage is associated with their fixation by performing measurements. They are very effective when we use the terrestrial laser scanning method, as a means of obtaining the most complete and reliable information on the geometry of the object at a particular time. However, the method of laser scanning is not so widely represented in the technical literature, for instance, on Totalstation- or theodolite surveys due to the relatively recent introduction in geodetic practice, especially for the purposes of fixing monuments. There are many questions on application of this technology for the above mentioned aim, they focus on ensuring the required regulatory or its accuracy. The authors discuss a geodetic method for ensuring the precision of laser scanning surveys including the design and estimating the fixed control points’ exactness, as well as the tie ones. The influence of angular and linear measurements over the laser positioning accuracy is shown. The technique is demonstrated, including modeling design schemes and their comparison with actual data. The research results are confined to the world-class cultural heritage site of Baalbek temple complex in Lebanon.
Research of the need of the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation for spatial data
Authors: Karpik A.P. , Obidenko V.I. , Pobedinskiy G.G.
Published: March 2021

The authors present the results of the polls on the needs of the Russian Federation executive authorities (FEA) for spatial data, performed by Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies (SSUGT) in 2019. The studies were carried out as a part of the Interdepartmental Working Group (IWG) commission focused on improving topographic, geodetic and navigation supporting the state defense system of the Russian Federation Federal Assembly State Duma. The research is based on the results of polling federal executive bodies. The actual information on the need of FEA for spatial data (SD) is given indicating the desired relevance of these SD and the time for them to be received. Some estimates based on the results of the analysis are given with regard to existing and expected requests of FEA on spatial data. Conclusions are made on the need for further improving geospatial support of certain areas of the Russian Federation territory to meet the identified needs of the FEA for that data.
Sensibilidade cívica e cidadania no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Luís Roberto Cardoso de
Published: March 2021

O artigo desenvolve o conceito de sensibilidade cívica para discutir a ideia de igualdade cidadã com foco no Brasil. Tendo como referência demandas por respeito e consideração ou reconhecimento, o texto propõe que a igualdade cidadã, onde quer que ela se realize, seja sempre modulada pela relação entre direitos, status e dignidade, configurando sensibilidades cívicas locais, caracterizadas por um determinado senso de tratamento digno, que não inferioriza o interlocutor no plano da dignidade.
Love Fiction in China in the Second Decade of the 20 th Century: from Sentiments to Duck-Lovebirds and Butterflies
Authors: Zakharova Natalia V.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the evolution of Chinese love fiction in the first years that followed the 1911 Xinhai revolution. The article focuses on literature representing “couples in love,” namely fiction about “duck-lovebirds and butterflies,” an invariant of the “love prose” genre. The authors of these works both continued the traditions of the previous literature and at the same time attempted at modernizing the genre. Chinese literary scholars have controversial opinions about this genre and its invariants. Controversies concern the literary movement to which these works should be attributed, and the place of the genre in the history of Chinese literature. The founder of modern Chinese literature, Lu Xin, gave a negative assessment of this genre. Modern critics agree that fiction about “duck-lovebirds and butterflies” has poor aesthetic merits yet they also argue that the authors “created an objective picture of reality, expressed different views and opinions.” By the 1920s, the vogue for writing novels and short stories in the style of “duck-lovebirds and butterflies” had waned. This genre however gained a new surge in popularity in the mid-1940s thanks to Zhang Eileen who modernized Chinese love fiction.
I'M NOT FROM HERE
Authors: Greta Pundzaite
Published: March 2021

I'M NOT FROM HERE is a journey to the sensory depths of memory, early years of life and associated rituals. A piece of text in two languages (one of which is Lithuanian, the mother tongue and the original language of the text) is presented along with the physical shape of named memories and sensorial experience of the text. 212 km railroad line connecting child's home with adult's one becomes the map of 2 hours 30 minutes lasting journey of thoughts.
Recetas con amor: sabores y saberes de Tribunas, para compartir en familia
Authors: Rivera Aranzazu Juan Camilo
Published: March 2021

Recetas con Amor es una experiencia de recuperación de la cocina tradicional colombiana, que a partir del reconocimiento del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial pretende identificar las cocinas tradicionales del corregimiento de Tribunas, en el municipio de Pereira, Risaralda. En este proyecto participaron cerca de 20 cocineros y cocineras tradicionales con los cuales se realizó la construcción colectiva del concepto de cocina tradicional y se identificaron 109 recetas de cocina típica, cocina tradicional y cocina internacional, de las cuales 32 fueron consideradas como cocina tradicional y 11 priorizadas por los cocineros como parte de su Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial. Este libro pretende convertirse más que en una publicación académica resultado de una investigación, en una herramienta para leer, compartir y cocinar en familia, los lectores se encontrarán cinco capítulos o como se dice coloquialmente “cinco pasitos” para conocer y preparar las recetas con amor del corregimiento de Tribunas.
Automating the IRC Analysis within Eyringpy
Authors: Quintal Alan , Dzib Eugenia , Ortíz Filiberto , Jaque Pablo , Cossio Albeiro Restrepo , Merino Gabriel
Published: March 2021

To analyze the evolution of a chemical property along the reaction path,
we have to extract all the necessary information from a set of
electronic structure computations. However, this process is
time-consuming and prone to human error. Here we introduce IRC-Analysis,
a new extension in Eyringpy, to monitor the evolution of chemical
properties along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, including complete
reaction force analysis. IRC-Analysis collects the entire data set for
each point on the reaction coordinate, eliminating human error in data
capture and allowing the study of several chemical reactions in seconds,
regardless of the complexity of the systems. Eyringpy has a simple input
format, and no programming skills are required. A tracer has been
included to visualize the evolution of a given chemical property along
the reaction coordinate. Several properties can be analyzed at the same
time. This version can analysis the evolution of bond distances and
angles, Wiberg bond indices, natural charges, dipole moments, and
orbital energies (and related properties).
Pregnant people’s perspectives on cannabis use during pregnancy: A systematic review and integrative mixed-methods research synthesis
Authors: Vanstone Meredith , Panday Janelle , Popoola Anuoluwa , Taneja Shipra , Greyson Devon , McDonald Sarah , Pack Rachael , Black Morgan , Davis Beth , Darling Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Background: Cannabis use during the perinatal period is rising.
Objectives: To synthesize existing knowledge on the perspectives of
pregnant people and their partners about cannabis use in pregnancy and
lactation. Search strategy: We searched MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO,
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Social Science
Citation Index, Social Work Abstracts, ProQuest Sociology Collection up
until April 1, 2020. Selection criteria: Eligible studies were those of
any methodology which included the perspectives and experiences of
pregnant or lactating people and their partners on cannabis use during
pregnancy or lactation, with no time or geographical limit. Data
collection and analysis: We employed a convergent integrative approach
to the analysis of findings from all studies, using Sandelowski’s
technique of “qualitizing statements” to extract and summarize
relevant findings from inductive analysis. Main results: We identified
23 studies of pregnant people’s views about cannabis use in pregnancy.
Comparative analysis revealed that whether cannabis was studied alone or
grouped with other substances resulted in significant diversity in
descriptions of participant decision-making priorities and perceptions
of risks and benefits. Studies combining cannabis with other substance
seldom addressed perceived benefits or reasons for using cannabis.
Conclusions: The way cannabis is grouped with other substances
influences the design and results of research. A comparative analysis
emphasizes the importance of understanding why a pregnant person might
choose to use cannabis in order to foster dialogue about perceptions of
benefit and strategies for risk mitigation.
The Grand Inquisitor - a psycho-historical dialectics of a rebeled follower
Authors: Koprivica Caslav
Published: March 2021

In th? contribution, we will deal with an immanent textual analysis of the
dynamics of the relationship between the Grand Inquisitor and Jesus in
Karamazov Brothers. We will be primarily interested in the problem of the
ironical dialectics that reverses the relationship between the originator of
Christianity, the God Man, and His historical successor, the Church, so that
the latter, strictly formally observerd, following the ultimate goal set by
Jesus, ie. God Himself - reaches the very opposite side, obeying totally
contrary principles. The matrix by which we will investigate this problem is
the question of the author?s/establisher?s right for disposition of the
sense, that is, the historical continuance of his work, to which the
Inquisitor refers in his ingenious defense of his initially crypto-apostate,
and finally fully apostate position.