bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PET/MRI for staging patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: equivalent results with PET/CT in a prospective trial
Authors: Picardi M. , Cavaliere C. , Della Pepa R. , Nicolai E. , Soricelli A. , Giordano C. , Pugliese N. , Rascato M.G. , Cappuccio I. , Campagna G. , Cerchione C. , Vigliar E. , Troncone G. , Mascolo M. , Franzese M. , Castaldo R. , Salvatore M. , Pane F.
Published: April 2021

To compare FDG-PET/unenhanced MRI and FDG-PET/diagnostic CT in detecting infiltration in patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The endpoint was equivalence between PET/MRI and PET/CT in correctly defining the revised Ann Arbor staging system. Seventy consecutive patients with classical-HL were prospectively investigated for nodal and extra-nodal involvement during pretreatment staging with same-day PET/CT and PET/MRI. Findings indicative of malignancy with the imaging procedures were regarded as lymphoma infiltration; in case of discrepancy, positive-biopsy and/or response to treatment were evidenced as lymphoma. Sixty of the 70 (86%) patients were evaluable having completed the staging program. Disease staging based on either PET/MRI or PET/CT was correct for 54 of the 60 patients (90% vs. 90%), with difference between proportions of 0.0 (95% CI, −9 to 9%; P=0.034 for the equivalence test). As compared with reference standard, invasion of lymph nodes was identified with PET/MRI in 100% and with PET/CT in 100%, of the spleen with PET/MRI in 66% and PET/CT in 55%, of the lung with PET/MRI in 60% and PET/CT in 100%, of the liver with PET/MRI in 67% and PET/CT in 100%, and of the bone with PET/MRI in 100% and PET/CT in 50%. The only statistically significant difference between PET/MRI and PET/CT was observed in bony infiltration detection rates. For PET/CT, iodinate contrast medium infusions’ average was 86 mL, and exposure to ionizing radiation was estimated to be 4-fold higher than PET/MRI. PET/MRI is a promising safe new alternative in the care of patients with HL.
Evaluation of the mediastinal-thoracic volume ratio on postmortem computed tomography
Authors: Chatzaraki Vasiliki , Ebert Lars C. , Thali Michael J. , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Ampanozi Garyfalia
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to measure the mediastinal-thoracic volume ratio (CTR_VOL) on PMCT as a more accurate version of traditional CTR, in order to assess the terminal positional relationship between the heart and lungs in the different causes of death with regard to age, gender, BMI, cardiomegaly, and lung expansion.

Materials

Two hundred fifty consecutive postmortem cases with pre-autopsy PMCT and full forensic autopsy were retrospectively evaluated. The lungs and the mediastinum were manually segmented on the PMCT data and the correspondent volumes were estimated in situ. CTR_VOL was calculated as the ratio of the mediastinal to the thoracic volume. The volume measurements were repeated by the same rater for the evaluation of the intrarater reliability. Age, gender, body weight and height, heart weight at autopsy, and cause of death were retrieved from the autopsy reports. Presence of lung expansion was radiologically evaluated in situ.

Results

CTR_VOL was positively associated with age and BMI but not with gender and was higher for cardiomegaly compared to normal hearts, lower for asphyxiation-related deaths compared to cardiac deaths and intoxications, and lower for cases with lung expansion. The intrarater reliability was excellent for the calculated volumes of both lungs and mediastinum.

Conclusion

The results of the present study support CTR_VOL as a tool to assess the relationship between the heart and lungs in situ, which differs significantly between the studied cause of death categories.
Machine learning based multiscale calibration of mesoscopic constitutive models for composite materials: application to brain white matter
Authors: Field Duncan , Ammouche Yanis , Peña José-Maria , Jérusalem Antoine
Published: April 2021

A modular pipeline for improving the constitutive modelling of composite materials is proposed.The method is leveraged here for the development of subject-specific spatially-varying brain white matter mechanical properties. For this application, white matter microstructural information is extracted from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) scans, and used to generate hundreds of representative volume elements (RVEs) with randomly distributed fibre properties. By automatically running finite element analyses on these RVEs, stress-strain curves corresponding to multiple RVE-specific loading cases are produced. A mesoscopic constitutive model homogenising the RVEs’ behaviour is then calibrated for each RVE, producing a library of calibrated parameters against each set of RVE microstructural characteristics. Finally, a machine learning layer is implemented to predict the constitutive model parameters directly from any new microstructure. The results show that the methodology can predict calibrated mesoscopic material properties with high accuracy. More generally, the overall framework allows for the efficient simulation of the spatially-varying mechanical behaviour of composite materials when experimentally measured location-specific fibre geometrical characteristics are provided.
Origin, migration and secondary processes of oil and natural gas in the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians: geochemical and geological approach
Authors: Kotarba Maciej J. , Bilkiewicz Elżbieta , Jurek Krzysztof , Więcław Dariusz , Machowski Grzegorz
Published: April 2021

The origin, migration pathways, as well as the influence of secondary processes of oil and natural gas accumulated in lower Cretaceous to lower Miocene strata of the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians (between Kraków and Pilzno towns) based on results of organic geochemical analyses are investigated in this paper. Oil and thermogenic hydrocarbon gases were generated mainly from type II kerogen, and type II and III kerogen mixed in various proportions. These kerogens mainly occur in the Oligocene Menilite beds of the Silesian and Dukla nappes. Oils were generated from early to late “oil window”. Secondary cracking was recorded in oils from Dukla nappe, other secondary processes including biodegradation, water washing and evaporative fractionation were also developed to a various extent in many oils. The most biodegraded oils occur in seep S-Li, and the most extensive water washing is observed in the oil from seep S-Sa/1. The evaporative fractionation processes most significantly occur in the selected deepest parts of the multi-horizontal Biecz field. Hydrocarbon gases originated during both microbial and thermogenic processes of organic matter transformation. Natural gas has not been subjected to biodegradation processes. Carbon dioxide is derived from both microbial and thermogenic decomposition processes of organic matter and was generated together with hydrocarbon gases.
Polyphase extensional basins: interplay between tectonics and sedimentation in the Neogene Siena-Radicofani Basin (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Martini Ivan , Ambrosetti Elisa , Brogi Andrea , Aldinucci Mauro , Zwaan Frank , Sandrelli Fabio
Published: April 2021

Rift-basins are the shallow effects of lithosphere-scale extensional processes often producing polyphase faulting. Their sedimentary evolution depends on the mutual interplay between tectonics, climate, and eustasy. Estimating the role of each factor is generally a challenging issue. This paper is focused on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Neogene Siena-Radicofani Basin, a polyphase structural depression located in the inner Northern Apennines. Since Miocene, this basin developed after prolonged extensional tectonics, first as a bowl-shaped structural depression, later reorganized into a half-graben structure due to the activation of high-angle normal faults in the Zanclean. At that time the basin contained coeval continental and marine settings controlled by the normal faulting that caused the development of local coarse-grained depositional systems. These were investigated to: (i) discriminate between the influences of tectonics and climate on sedimentation patterns, and (ii) provide detailed time constraints on fault activity. The analysed successions were deposited in an interval between 5.08 and 4.52 Ma, when a climate-induced highstand phase occurred throughout the Mediterranean. However, evidence of local relative sea-level drops is registered in the sedimentary record, often associated with increased accommodation space and sediment supply. Such base-level fluctuations are not connected to climate changes, suggesting that the faults generally control sedimentation along the basin margins.
Correction to: Associations of preoperative stroke and tranexamic acid administration with convulsive seizures in valvular open-heart surgery
Authors: Hulde Nikolai , Zittermann Armin , Deutsch Marcus-André , von Dossow Vera , Gummert Jan F. , Koster Andreas
Published: April 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-021-02936-6
The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents
Authors: Li Sophie H. , Beames Joanne R. , Newby Jill M. , Maston Kate , Christensen Helen , Werner-Seidler Aliza
Published: April 2021

There has been significant disruption to the lives and mental health of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological and lifestyle impact of the pandemic on Australian adolescents, using an online survey, administered during the outbreak. Self-report surveys were administered online to a sample of 760 Australian adolescents aged 12–18 years assessing impact on a range of domains including behaviour, education, relationships, lifestyle factors (exercise, technology use, and sleep), and mental health outcomes (psychological distress, loneliness, health anxiety and well-being). Results showed that three quarters of the sample experienced a worsening in mental health, since the pandemic began, with negative impacts reported on learning, friendships and family relationships. There were also high higher levels of sleep disturbance, psychological distress and health anxiety, relative to normative samples. Effects on mental health were worse among those who reported a previous diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety relative to those without no such history. Adolescents are already vulnerable to the onset of mental illness at this developmental stage, and the current research underscores the need to find rapid and accessible ways to support adolescent mental health during times of crisis.
What is the best approach to adopt for identifying the domains for a new measure of health, social care and carer-related quality of life to measure quality-adjusted life years? Application to the development of the EQ-HWB?
Authors: Peasgood Tessa , Mukuria Clara , Carlton Jill , Connell Janice , Devlin Nancy , Jones Karen , Lovett Rosemary , Naidoo Bhash , Rand Stacey , Rejon-Parrilla Juan Carlos , Rowen Donna , Tsuchiya Aki , Brazier John
Published: April 2021

Economic evaluation combines costs and benefits to support decision-making when assessing new interventions using preference-based measures to measure and value benefits in health or health-related quality of life. These health-focused instruments have limited ability to capture wider impacts on informal carers or outcomes in other sectors such as social care. Sector-specific instruments can be used but this is problematic when the impact of an intervention straddles different sectors.

An alternative approach is to develop a generic preference-based measure that is sufficiently broad to capture important cross-sector outcomes. We consider the options for the selection of domains for a cross-sector generic measure including how to identify domains, who should provide information on the domains and how this should be framed. Beyond domain identification, considerations of criteria and stakeholder needs are also identified.

This paper sets out the case for an approach that relies on the voice of patients, social care users and informal carers as the main source of domains and describes how the approach was operationalised in the ‘Extending the QALY’ project which developed the new measure, the EQ-HWB (EQ health and wellbeing instrument). We conclude by discussing the strengths and limitations of this approach. The new measure should be sufficiently generic to be used to consistently evaluate health and social care interventions, yet also sensitive enough to pick up important changes in quality of life in patients, social care users and carers.
Acorn storage in tree cavities by Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius L.)
Authors: Wróbel Aleksandra , Kurek Przemysław , Dobrowolska Dorota
Published: April 2021

Seed hoarding by granivorous animals requires cache-protection strategies which allow to protect hoarded seeds against pilferage. This study reports the first case of acorn hoarding in tree cavities by Eurasian Jays (Garrulus glandarius). Out of 116 removed acorns of both pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and Northern red oak (Q. rubra), we localized 14 consumed and 102 stored acorns. Five experimental acorns (4.9% of stored acorns) were found stored in tree cavities. The notion that hoarding seeds in tree cavities may constitute a cache-protection behavior of Eurasian Jays represents a working hypothesis that ought to be tested in future studies.
Towards Transabdominal Functional Photoacoustic Imaging of the Placenta: Improvement in Imaging Depth Through Optimization of Light Delivery
Authors: Huda Kristie , Swan Kenneth F. , Gambala Cecilia T. , Pridjian Gabriella C. , Bayer Carolyn L.
Published: April 2021

Functional photoacoustic imaging of the placenta could provide an innovative tool to diagnose preeclampsia, monitor fetal growth restriction, and determine the developmental impacts of gestational diabetes. However, transabdominal photoacoustic imaging is limited in imaging depth due to the tissue’s scattering and absorption of light. The aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of geometry and wavelength on transabdominal light delivery. Our methods included the development of a multilayer model of the abdominal tissue and simulation of the light propagation using Monte Carlo methods. A bifurcated light source with varying incident angle of light, distance between light beams, and beam area was simulated to analyze the effect of light delivery geometry on the fluence distribution at depth. The impact of wavelength and the effects of variable thicknesses of adipose tissue and muscle were also studied. Our results showed that the beam area plays a major role in improving the delivery of light to deep tissue, in comparison to light incidence angle or distance between the bifurcated fibers. Longer wavelengths, with incident fluence at the maximum permissible exposure limit, also increases fluence within deeper tissue. We validated our simulations using a commercially available light delivery system and ex vivo human placental tissue. Additionally, we compared our optimized light delivery to a commercially available light delivery system, and conclude that our optimized geometry could improve imaging depth more than 1.6×, bringing the imaging depth to within the needed range for transabdominal imaging of the human placenta.
Minimal Theory of Causation and Causal Distinctions
Authors: Sikorski Michał
Published: April 2021

The Minimal Theory of Causation, presented in Graßhoff and May, 2001, aspires to be a version of a regularity analysis of causation able to correctly predict our causal intuitions. In my article, I will argue that it is unsuccessful in this respect. The second aim of the paper will be to defend Hitchcock’s proposal concerning divisions of causal relations (presented in Hitchcock, 2001) against criticism made, in Jakob, 2006 on the basis of the Minimal Theory of Causation.
Selinexor in combination with topotecan in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors: Results of an open-label, single-center, multi‐arm phase Ib study
Authors: Thein Kyaw Zin , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia , Karp Daniel D. , Janku Filip , Zarifa Abdulrazzak , Shah Jatin , Milton Denái R. , Bean Stacie , McQuinn Lacey , Gong Jing , Colen Rivka , Carter Brett W. , Subbiah Vivek , Ogbonna Deby C. , Pant Shubham , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: April 2021

Background Selinexor, a first-in-class, oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound inhibits Exportin-1(XPO1), had demonstrated synergistic activity with many chemotherapies and conferred in vivo antitumor efficacy in hematologic as well as solid tumors. Methods This open-label, single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study used a standard 3 + 3 design and a “basket type” expansion. Selinexor with intravenous topotecan was given in one of the 13 parallel arms. Patients with advanced or metastatic relapsed/refractory solid tumors following prior systemic therapy, or in whom the addition of selinexor to standard chemotherapy deemed appropriate, were eligible. Results Fourteen patients with the median age of 61 years (range, 22–68years) were treated, and the most common cancer types were gynecological cancers; ovarian (n = 5), endometrial (n = 2), and 1 each with fallopian tube and vaginal cancers. Of the 14 patients treated, 12 (86 %) had at least one treatment-related adverse event (TRAE). The most common TRAEs were anemia (71 %), thrombocytopenia (57 %), hyponatremia (57 %), vomiting (57 %), fatigue (50 %), nausea (50 %), and neutropenia (36 %). Two patients had dose limiting toxicities. One patient dosed at selinexor 80 mg had grade 3 nausea and vomiting and one patient dosed at selinexor 60 mg experienced grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Of the 13 efficacy evaluable patients, one (8 %) with endometrial cancer achieved unconfirmed partial response (uPR) and the time-to-treatment failure (TTF) was 48 weeks, whereas 6 of the 13 (46 %) patients had stable disease (SD) contributing to the clinical benefit rate of 46 %. The median TTF for all patients was 9 weeks (range, 2–48weeks). Conclusions Once weekly selinexor in combination with topotecan was viable and showed some preliminary tumor efficacy. The recommend phase 2 dose of selinexor was 60 mg once weekly in combination with IV topotecan.

Trial registration: NCT02419495. Registered 14 April 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02419495
Problems with “Friendly AI”
Authors: Li Oliver
Published: April 2021

On virtue ethical grounds, Barbro Fröding and Martin Peterson recently recommended that near-future AIs should be developed as ‘Friendly AI’. AI in social interaction with humans should be programmed such that they mimic aspects of human friendship. While it is a reasonable goal to implement AI systems interacting with humans as Friendly AI, I identify four issues that need to be addressed concerning Friendly AI with Fröding’s and Peterson’s understanding of Friendly AI as a starting point. In a first step, I briefly recapitulate Fröding’s and Peterson’s arguments for Friendly AI. I then highlight some issues with Fröding’s and Peterson’s approach and line of reasoning and identify four problems related to the notion of Friendly AI, which all pertain to the role and need for humans’ moral development. These are that (1) one should consider the moral tendencies and preferences of the humans interacting with a friendly AI, (2) it needs to be considered whether the humans interacting with a Friendly AI are still developing their virtues and character traits, (3) the indirect effects of replacing humans with Friendly AI should be considered with respect to the possibilities for humans to develop their moral virtues and that (4) the question whether the AI is perceived as some form of Artificial General Intelligence cannot be neglected. In conclusion, I argue that all of these four problems are related to humans moral development and that this observation strongly emphasizes the role and need for humans moral development in correlation to the accelerating development of AI-systems.
The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on the Theoretical Effectiveness of Fire Prevention Interventions on Fatal Residential Fires
Authors: Runefors Marcus , Nilson Finn
Published: April 2021

The risk of fatal residential fires is known to be differentiated by sociodemographic factors. However, often prevention measures are introduced generally in a population, thereby perhaps affecting the effectiveness of these interventions. By using a 20-year high-quality register over fatal fires in Sweden and a previously validated Boolean expressions regarding the effectiveness for specific interventions, this study investigates the theoretical effectiveness of fire interventions in relation to different sociodemographic variables and fatal residential fires. The results show that the effectiveness of different fire-related prevention measures varies considerably in relation to different sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, municipal characteristics and living conditions. As such, the paper highlights the importance of matching the correct fire prevention measure to each individual depending upon sociodemographic risk factors in order to achieve maximal effectiveness.
The cloud and its silver lining: negative and positive spillovers from automotive recalls
Authors: Giannetti Verdiana , Srinivasan Raji
Published: April 2021

Product recalls hurt the sales of non-recalled products in the category because of negative spillovers. Recently, there has been some evidence of positive spillovers from recalls on the sales of non-recalled products. We focus on spillovers from brand- (i.e., same brand), firm- (i.e., same firm, but not same brand), and country-level (i.e., same country-of-origin, but not same firm) recalls on the sales of non-recalled products. Furthermore, we examine how advertising and price of non-recalled products interact with brand-, firm-, and country-level recalls to affect their sales. We use data on 124 cars in the USA in 2006–2015. Results indicate that brand-level (country-level) recalls hurt (benefit) the sales of non-recalled products. Higher advertising and price of non-recalled products weaken the negative effect of brand-level recalls, while lower advertising and price strengthen the positive effect of country-level recalls. Finally, firm-level recalls result in positive spillovers when advertising is high.
Increased motor vehicle crashes following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan: an interrupted time series analysis of property damage crashes
Authors: Maruyama Takuya , Taguchi Kazutake
Published: April 2021

Driving after natural disasters entails a substantial amount of stress; therefore, the number of motor vehicle crashes may increase. However, few studies have examined this issue. This study investigated motor vehicle crashes after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan. Monthly data about crashes resulting in property damage from 49 municipalities in Kumamoto from 2015 to 2018 were used. An interrupted time series analysis using Poisson or negative binomial regression models was conducted for 49 municipalities; the models were estimated for four classified areas to obtain the robust results. We found that property damage crashes increased significantly in the heavily affected area (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.48, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 1.71) and the affected area (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.36) after the earthquake. A mountainous area showed a reduction in property damage crashes despite its heavy damage (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.82), which can be attributed to the closure of its main gate routes. The unaffected area showed no difference before and after the earthquake. Geographical presentation of the result demonstrates a clear positive association of earthquake damage and increased crashes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of motor-vehicle-crash alerts after an earthquake.
Why flipping the classroom is not enough: Digital curriculum making after the pandemic
Authors: Backes Susanne , Baumann Isabell , Harion Dominic , Sattler Sabrina , Lenz Thomas
Published: April 2021

To slow down the proliferation of Covid-19, governments virtually shut down public life, temporarily closed schools, and forced teaching to be done exclusively on a remote basis. These measures offer an opportunity to reexamine conventional teaching and learning arrangements, test new digital and analogue concepts, and provide essential inspiration for curriculum making in the twenty-first century. This article addresses the historical development of schooling in the classroom as differentiated from “homeschooling”. On one hand, the question of how school closures and digitally supported teaching settings may affect an increase in educational inequalities is investigated using an international comparison. On the other hand, the pedagogical and didactical implications of distance learning and a digital teaching culture, which constitute the foundation for digital curriculum making, are examined.
Computational Thinking, Between Papert and Wing
Authors: Lodi Michael , Martini Simone
Published: April 2021

The pervasiveness of Computer Science (CS) in today’s digital society and the extensive use of computational methods in other sciences call for its introduction in the school curriculum. Hence, Computer Science Education is becoming more and more relevant. In CS K-12 education, computational thinking (CT) is one of the abused buzzwords: different stakeholders (media, educators, politicians) give it different meanings, some more oriented to CS, others more linked to its interdisciplinary value. The expression was introduced by two leading researchers, Jeannette Wing (in 2006) and Seymour Papert (much early, in 1980), each of them stressing different aspects of a common theme. This paper will use a historical approach to review, discuss, and put in context these first two educational and epistemological approaches to CT. We will relate them to today’s context and evaluate what aspects are still relevant for CS K-12 education. Of the two, particular interest is devoted to “Papert’s CT,” which is the lesser-known and the lesser-studied. We will conclude that “Wing’s CT” and “Papert’s CT,” when correctly understood, are both relevant to today’s computer science education. From Wing, we should retain computer science’s centrality, CT being the (scientific and cultural) substratum of the technical competencies. Under this interpretation, CT is a lens and a set of categories for understanding the algorithmic fabric of today’s world. From Papert, we should retain the constructionist idea that only a social and affective involvement of students into the technical content will make programming an interdisciplinary tool for learning (also) other disciplines. We will also discuss the often quoted (and often unverified) claim that CT automatically “transfers” to other broad 21st century skills. Our analysis will be relevant for educators and scholars to recognize and avoid misconceptions and build on the two core roots of CT.
Data-Texts in the Sciences
Authors: Duschl Richard , Avraamidou Lucy , Azevedo Nathália Helena
Published: April 2021

Grounded within current reform recommendations and built upon Giere’s views (1986, 1999) on model-based science, we propose an alternative approach to science education which we refer to as theEvidence-Explanation (EE) Continuum. The approach addresses conceptual, epistemological, and social domains of knowledge, and places emphasis on theepistemological conversationsabout data acquisitions and transformations in the sciences. The steps of data transformation, which we refer to asdata-texts, we argue, unfold the processes of using evidence during knowledge building and reveal the dynamics of scientific practices. Data-texts involve (a) obtaining observations/measurements to become data; (b) selecting and interpreting data to become evidence; (c) using evidence to ascertain patterns and develop models; and (d) utilizing the patterns and models to propose and refine explanations. Throughout the transformations of the EE continuum, there are stages of transition that foster the engagement of learners in negotiations of meaning and collective construction of knowledge. A focus on the EE continuum facilitates the emergence of further insights, both by questioning the nature of the data and its multiple possibilities for change and representations and by reflecting on the nature of the explanations. The shift of emphasis to the epistemics of science holds implications for the design of learning environments that support learners in developing contemporary understandings of the nature and processes of scientific practices.
Effect of a mobile digital intervention to enhance physical activity in individuals with metabolic disorders on voiding patterns measured by 24-h voided volume monitoring system: Kumejima Digital Health Project (KDHP)
Authors: Miyazato Minoru , Ashikari Asuka , Nakamura Koshi , Nakamura Takehiro , Yamashiro Kiyoto , Uema Tsugumi , Uehara Moriyuki , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Saito Seiichi , Maeda Shiro , Ishida Hajime , Matsushita Masayuki
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of a mobile digital intervention on voiding patterns, we performed 24-h voided volume monitoring in individuals with metabolic disorders.

Methods

Participants with metabolic disorders were grouped into either the intervention group (n = 17), who had access to a smartphone app (CARADA), or the non-intervention group (n = 11), who did not. Urine monitoring was conducted for 24 h using a novel digital self-health monitoring system for urine excretion (s-HMSU). Body weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and biomarkers were measured.

Results

Physical findings and blood test results at baseline and 6 months indicated no significant between-group differences. Night-time frequency did not change between baseline and 6 months in the intervention group but significantly worsened at 6 months in the non-intervention group, as compared to baseline (1.0 ± 0.7 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5, p < 0.05). The change in night-time frequency over 6 months did not differ between the intervention and non-intervention groups. Furthermore, the change in hours of undisturbed sleep over 6 months did not differ between the two groups. However, compared with baseline, nocturnal polyuria index tended to worsen at 6 months in the non-intervention group.

Conclusion

Our study results suggest that mobile digital intervention might be useful for behavioral therapy to improve night-time frequency and urine production and that s-HMSU might be beneficial for confirming the prevention of progress in individuals with metabolic disorders, which can aid in modifying lifestyle.
Correction to: Carry Trade Returns and Segmented Risk Pricing
Authors: Schulze Gordon
Published: April 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-021-09708-3
Using spatial-temporal ensembles of convolutional neural networks for lumen segmentation in ureteroscopy
Authors: Lazo Jorge F. , Marzullo Aldo , Moccia Sara , Catellani Michele , Rosa Benoit , de Mathelin Michel , De Momi Elena
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Ureteroscopy is an efficient endoscopic minimally invasive technique for the diagnosis and treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. During ureteroscopy, the automatic segmentation of the hollow lumen is of primary importance, since it indicates the path that the endoscope should follow. In order to obtain an accurate segmentation of the hollow lumen, this paper presents an automatic method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Methods

The proposed method is based on an ensemble of 4 parallel CNNs to simultaneously process single and multi-frame information. Of these, two architectures are taken as core-models, namely U-Net based in residual blocks ($$m_1$$

m
1

) and Mask-RCNN ($$m_2$$

m
2

), which are fed with single still-frames I(t). The other two models ($$M_1$$

M
1

, $$M_2$$

M
2

) are modifications of the former ones consisting on the addition of a stage which makes use of 3D convolutions to process temporal information. $$M_1$$

M
1

, $$M_2$$

M
2

are fed with triplets of frames ($$I(t-1)$$

I
(
t
-
1
)

, I(t), $$I(t+1)$$

I
(
t
+
1
)

) to produce the segmentation for I(t).

Results

The proposed method was evaluated using a custom dataset of 11 videos (2673 frames) which were collected and manually annotated from 6 patients. We obtain a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.80, outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods.

Conclusion

The obtained results show that spatial-temporal information can be effectively exploited by the ensemble model to improve hollow lumen segmentation in ureteroscopic images. The method is effective also in the presence of poor visibility, occasional bleeding, or specular reflections.
ANCA Status or Clinical Phenotype — What Counts More?
Authors: Windpessl Martin , Bettac Erica L. , Gauckler Philipp , Shin Jae Il , Geetha Duvuru , Kronbichler Andreas
Published: April 2021

Purpose of Review

There is ongoing debate concerning the classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. That is, whether classification should be based on the serotype (proteinase 3 (PR3)- or myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA) or on the clinical phenotype (granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)). To add clarity, this review focused on integration of the most recent literature.

Recent Findings

Large clinical trials have provided evidence that a serology-based risk assessment for relapses is more predictive than distinction based on the phenotype. Research conducted in the past decade indicated that a serology-based approach more closely resembles the genetic associations, the clinical presentation (i.e., lung involvement), biomarker biology, treatment response, and is also predicting comorbidities (such as cardiovascular death).

Our review highlights that a serology-based approach could replace a phenotype-based approach to classify ANCA-associated vasculitides. In future, clinical trials and observational studies will presumably focus on this distinction and, as such, translate into a “personalized medicine.”
Introducing the Beststreamer: Mapping Nuances in Digital Book Consumption at Scale
Authors: Berglund Karl
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates consumption patterns in digital subscription-based streaming services for books by means of a large-scale dataset derived from Storytel. The aim is twofold: to empirically discuss how book consumption in the commercial top segment diverges between print books and digital streaming platforms, and to conceptually show the usefulness and considerable possibilities with computational approaches for digital publishing studies and contemporary book history. This is accomplished by introducing the concept of thebeststreamer, and theaverage finishing degreemeasure. The empirical output shows large differences between print bestsellers and digital beststreamers, both in terms of genre distributions, finished streams, and levels of completion. These results are discussed in relation to factors fostering consumption patterns, such as platform design, pricing models, supply, marketing, customer base, and media-specific features of the audiobook.
Person-Umwelt Fit, Burnout und Arbeitsengagement
Authors: Wacker E. , Fischer A. , Schorlemmer J.
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund

In einer eigenen vorhergehenden Studie wurden Effekte des Person-Environment (P-E) Fit in Feminität auf Burnout und Arbeitsengagement sowie Effekte des P‑E Fit in Maskulinität auf Haarkortisol als biologischen Stressmarker bei Frauen nachgewiesen.

Fragestellung

Es werden Effekte des P‑E Fits in Feminität und Maskulinität auf Burnout und Arbeitsengagement sowie mögliche Gruppeneffekte durch Geschlecht und Führungsverantwortung untersucht. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 950 Berufstätigen: 397 Frauen und 551 Männern im Alter von 19 bis 70 Jahren (M = 29,86, S = 7,71), darunter 300 Führungskräfte.

Methoden

Die Querschnittsdatenerhebung wurde als Online-Befragung durchgeführt. Individuelle Feminität und Maskulinität sowie die der Arbeitsumgebung wurden mittels Geschlechtstypizitätsskala (GTS+) erhoben. Daraus wurden die Prädiktoren P‑E Fit in Feminität und P‑E Fit in Maskulinität berechnet. Burnout und Arbeitsengagement wurden als Ergebnisvariablen mit dem DearEmployee-Survey gemessen. In Modellen der hierarchischen linearen Regression wurde nach Berücksichtigung der Kontrollvariablen sowie Arbeitsfaktoren jeweils der Zuwachs an Varianzerklärung ($$\Updelta$$
∆
R2) durch die Prädiktoren und Interaktionsterme mit Moderatoren (Geschlecht und Führungsposition) beobachtet.

Ergebnisse

P‑E Fit in Maskulinität zeigte signifikanten Effekt auf Burnout, stärker bei Personen ohne Führungsverantwortung, Geschlecht zeigte keine Moderationseffekte. P‑E fit in Feminität zeigte (ohne Gruppeneffekte) eine Varianzaufklärung bei Burnout und Arbeitsengagement.

Schlussfolgerung

P‑E Fit in Maskulinität könnte bei Personen ohne Führungsverantwortung in Bezug auf Burnout ein bedeutender Prädiktor sein. P‑E Fit in Feminität könnte ein bedeutender Faktor für Burnout und Arbeitsengagement sein.
Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit im Haushalts‑, Gebäude- und Verkehrssektor: Ein kurzer Überblick
Authors: Frondel Manuel
Published: April 2021

Der Digitalisierung wird ein großes Potenzial zur Senkung des Energieverbrauchs und der damit einhergehenden Umwelteffekte zugeschrieben. Die in diesem Beitrag zusammengetragene empirische Evidenz deutet jedoch darauf hin, dass damit häufig lediglich geringe Effekte einhergehen. So fallen die Energieeinsparwirkungen von Smart-Home- und Smart-Metering-Technologien eher moderat aus und bewegen sich im niedrigen einstelligen Prozentbereich. Dementsprechend gering sind auch die mit der Energieeinsparung verbundenen Umwelteffekte. In Bezug auf den Ausstoß an Kohlendioxid sind wegen des Wasserbetteffektes gar keinerlei Minderungseffekte in Sektoren zu erwarten, die in den EU-Emissionshandel integriert sind. Dieser Beitrag argumentiert, dass in Kombination mit der Etablierung von Mautsystemen die größten Effekte in dem noch nicht in den EU-Emissionshandel integrierten Sektor Verkehr zu erwarten sein dürften.
Do antimicrobial and antithrombogenic peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) materials prevent catheter complications? An analysis of 42,562 hospitalized medical patients
Authors: Ullman Amanda J. , Paterson Rebecca S. , Schults Jessica A. , Kleidon Tricia M. , August Deanne , O’Malley Megan , Horowitz Jennifer , Rickard Claire M. , Paje David , Chopra Vineet
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To examine the effectiveness of antimicrobial and antithrombogenic materials incorporated into peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) to prevent bloodstream infection, thrombosis, and catheter occlusion.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study involving 52 hospitals participating in the Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium. Sample included adult hospitalized medical patients who received a PICC between January 2013 and October 2019. Coated and impregnated catheters were identified by name, brand, and device marketing or regulatory materials. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with robust sandwich standard error estimates accounting for the clustered nature of data were used to identify factors associated with PICC complications in coated versus noncoated devices across general care, intensive care unit (ICU), and oncology patients. Results were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Of 42,562 patients with a PICC, 39,806 (93.5%) were plain polyurethane, 2,263 (5.3%) incorporated antimicrobial materials, and 921 (2.2%) incorporated antithrombogenic materials. Most were inserted in general ward settings (n = 28,111, 66.0%), with 12, 078 (28.4%) and 1,407 (3.3%) placed in ICU and oncological settings, respectively. Within the entire cohort, 540 (1.3%) developed thrombosis, 745 (1.8%) developed bloodstream infection, and 4,090 (9.6%) developed catheter occlusion. Adjusting for known risk factors, antimicrobial PICCs were not associated with infection reduction (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.82–1.64), and antithrombogenic PICCs were not associated with reduction in thrombosis and occlusion (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.92–1.44). Results were consistent across populations and care settings.

Conclusions:

Antimicrobial and antithrombogenic PICCs were not associated with a reduction in major catheter complications. Guidance aimed at informing use of these devices, balancing benefits against cost, appear necessary.
Markets and Players: Plotting Poverty and Citizenship in Matthew Desmond's Evicted
Authors: WILSON CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2021

This essay examines the narrative and representational tactics of Matthew Desmond's Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City (2016). Rather than read this book solely in terms of its findings, this essay argues that Desmond attempts to stylistically embody the relationship between market culture, eviction, and the political delegitimation of the poor. Evicted also reworks the sociological “community study” by refashioning literary templates from writers such as Jacob Riis, Charles Dickens, Jane Jacobs, and Hannah Arendt. By fusing such debts together, Evicted powerfully connects its account of eviction's toll on the broader but too often overlooked relationship between poverty and citizenship.
DNA identification of a sailor from the 1845 Franklin northwest passage expedition
Authors: Stenton Douglas R. , Fratpietro Stephen , Keenleyside Anne , Park Robert W.
Published: April 2021

The 1845 British polar expedition in search of a northwest passage through the Canadian Arctic under the command of Sir John Franklin resulted in the greatest loss of life event in the history of polar exploration. The names of the 129 officers and crew who sailed and died on the catastrophic voyage are known, but the identification of their skeletons found scattered along the route of their attempted escape is problematic. Here, we report DNA analyses from skeletal remains from King William Island, where the majority of the expedition fatalities occurred, and from a paternal descendant of a member of the expedition. A match was found between an archaeological sample and a presumed descendant sample using Y-chromosome haplotyping. We conclude that DNA and genealogical evidence confirm the identity of the remains as those of Warrant Officer John Gregory, Engineer, HMS Erebus. This is the first member of the 1845 Franklin expedition whose identity has been confirmed through DNA and genealogical analyses.
Interactions between ants and non-myrmecochorous diaspores in a West African montane landscape
Authors: Agaldo Jennifer A. , Christianini Alexander V. , Chapman Hazel M.
Published: April 2021

Myrmecochory, the dispersal of seeds with lipid-rich appendages by ants, is a significant ant–plant interaction. Less well understood is the potential for ant dispersal of non-myrmecochorous seeds. Here we investigate ant–diaspore interactions in a West African montane habitat. We combine observation with depot experiments to determine ant species that move diaspores and distance moved across a forest-edge-grassland gradient. We recorded seed cleaning by ants using a bird/mammal dispersed Paullinia pinnata to determine whether seed cleaning improved plant fitness. We found that two out of a total of 17 ant species (Pheidole sp. 1 and Myrmicaria opaciventris) interacted with 10 species of non-myrmecochorous diaspores across nine plant families. Diaspores were from large canopy trees, understorey trees and vines. Both ant species interacted with small (≤0.24 g) and large (≥0.24 g) diaspores. Ants individually moved small diaspores up to 1.2 m and worked together to clean larger ones. Our experiments with P. pinnata showed that ants removed the pulp of 70% of fruit over 5 days. Cleaned seeds germinated significantly faster and produced seedlings with significantly longer shoot length and higher fresh weight than seedlings from intact seeds. Together our results suggest that ant dispersal may be less significant than seed cleaning in Afromontane forests. However, given the decline in vertebrate frugivores across Africa, a small dispersal advantage may become increasingly important to plant fitness.
Accuracy development in L2 writing: Exploring the potential of computer-assisted unfocused indirect corrective feedback in an online EFL course
Authors: Brudermann Cédric , Grosbois Muriel , Sarré Cédric
Published: April 2021

In a previous study (Sarré, Grosbois & Brudermann, 2019), we explored the effects of various corrective feedback (CF) strategies on interlanguage development for the online component of a blended English as a foreign language (EFL) course we had designed and implemented. Our results showed that unfocused indirect CF (feedback on all error types through the provision of metalinguistic comments on the nature of the errors made) combined with extra computer-mediated micro-tasks was the most efficient CF type to foster writing accuracy development in our context. Following up on this study, this paper further explores the effects of this specific CF type on learners’ written accuracy development in an online EFL course designed for freshmen STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students. In the online course under study, this specific CF type was experimented with different cohorts of STEM learners (N= 1,150) over a five-year period (from 2014 to 2019) and was computer-assisted: CF provision online by a human tutor was combined with predetermined CF comments. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of this specific CF strategy on error types. In this respect, the data yield encouraging results in terms of writing accuracy development when learners benefit from this computer-assisted specific CF. This study thus helps to gain a better understanding of the role that CF plays in shaping students’ revision processes and could inform language (teacher) education regarding the use of digital tools for the development of foreign language accuracy and the issues related to online CF provision.
Gefahr oder Spass? Verletzungen durch Feuerwerkskörper – Studie am Universitären Notfallzentrum Inselspital Bern (2013–2019)
Authors: Brockhus Lara , Hämmerli Nadja , Boviatsis Konstantinos , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Tappeiner Christoph , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung. Feuerwerkskörper werden häufig zum Feiern von nationalen, kulturellen oder religiösen Anlässen verwendet. Trotz strenger gesetzlicher Regelungen geschehen immer wieder Unfälle im Zusammenhang mit Feuerwerk. Besonders die unvorsichtige Handhabung von Sprengkörpern stellt ein grosses Verletzungsrisiko dar. Methode: Dies ist eine retrospektive Studie basierend auf Daten des UNZ Inselspital Bern im Zeitraum 1. Januar 2013 bis 31. Dezember 2019. Es wurden unter anderem folgende Parameter analysiert: Geschlecht, Alter, Verletzungsmuster und Therapie. Resultate: Es konnten 59 Patientinnen und Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Davon waren 81,4 % männlich, das Durchschnittsalter betrug 31 Jahre (Range 16–73; SD = 11,3). Ein Grossteil der Fälle (83,6 %) betraf den Kopf mit Beeinträchtigung der Ohren/des Gehörs sowie Verletzungen der Augen und des Gesichts. Die meisten Verletzungen waren Monotraumata, nur 6,8 % der Verletzungen betrafen mehrere Körperregionen. Insgesamt mussten neun Patienten aufgrund schwerwiegender Verletzungen hospitalisiert werden. Hiervon betraf eine Verletzung die Augen, die restlichen acht Verletzungen betrafen die Hände. Ausschliesslich bei diesen acht Patienten war eine operative Versorgung der Verletzungen nötig. Schlussfolgerung: Feuerwerkskörper sind mit einem beträchtlichen Verletzungsrisiko verbunden, vor allem bei unsicherer Handhabung. Unsere Studie zeigte, dass schwere Verletzungen vor allem die Hände betreffen. Zur Vermeidung solcher Verletzungen wäre eine systematische Datenerhebung von Verletzungen mit Feuerwerkskörpern nötig, da viele Verletzte in kleineren, peripheren Krankenhäusern oder gar nicht vorstellig werden. Anhand dieser Daten liessen sich umfassendere und detaillierte Präventionsstrategien entwickeln, die Verletzungen durch Feuerwerkskörper vorbeugen könnten.