bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-destructive erosive wear monitoring of multi-layer coatings using AI-enabled differential split ring resonator based system
Authors: Balasubramanian Vishal , Niksan Omid , Jain Mandeep C. , Golovin Kevin , Zarifi Mohammad H.
Published: August 2023

Unprotected surfaces where a coating has been removed due to erosive wear can catastrophically fail from corrosion, mechanical impingement, or chemical degradation, leading to major safety hazards, financial losses, and even fatalities. As a preventive measure, industries including aviation, marine and renewable energy are actively seeking solutions for the real-time and autonomous monitoring of coating health. This work presents a real-time, non-destructive inspection system for the erosive wear detection of coatings, by leveraging artificial intelligence enabled microwave differential split ring resonator sensors, integrated to a smart, embedded monitoring circuitry. The differential microwave system detects the erosion of coatings through the variations of resonant characteristics of the split ring resonators, located underneath the coating layer while compensating for the external noises. The system’s response and performance are validated through erosive wear tests on single- and multi-layer polymeric coatings up to a thickness of 2.5 mm. The system is capable of distinguishing which layer is being eroded (for multi-layer coatings) and estimating the wear depth and rate through its integration with a recurrent neural network-based predictive analytics model. The synergistic combination of artificial intelligence enabled microwave resonators and a smart monitoring system further demonstrates its practicality for real-world coating erosion applications.
Word and bit line operation of a 1 × 1 μm2 superconducting vortex-based memory
Authors: Golod Taras , Morlet-Decarnin Lise , Krasnov Vladimir M.
Published: August 2023

The lack of dense random access memory is one of the main bottlenecks for the creation of a digital superconducting computer. In this work we study experimentally vortex-based superconducting memory cells. Three main results are obtained. First, we test scalability and demonstrate that the cells can be straightforwardly miniaturized to submicron sizes. Second, we emphasize the importance of conscious geometrical engineering. In the studied devices we introduce an asymmetric easy track for vortex motion and show that it enables a controllable manipulation of vortex states. Finally, we perform a detailed analysis of word and bit line operation of a 1 × 1 μm2 cell. High-endurance, non-volatile operation at zero magnetic field is reported. Remarkably, we observe that the combined word and bit line threshold current is significantly reduced compared to the bare word-line operation. This could greatly improve the selectivity of individual cell addressing in a multi-cell RAM. The achieved one square micron area is an important milestone and a significant step forward towards creation of a dense cryogenic memory.
AAV-mediated base-editing therapy ameliorates the disease phenotypes in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Wu Yidong , Wan Xiaoling , Zhao Dongdong , Chen Xuxu , Wang Yujie , Tang Xinxin , Li Ju , Li Siwei , Sun Xiaodong , Bi Changhao , Zhang Xueli
Published: August 2023

Base editing technology is an ideal solution for treating pathogenic single-nucleotide variations (SNVs). No gene editing therapy has yet been approved for eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we show, in the rd10 mouse model, which carries an SNV identified as an RP-causing mutation in human patients, that subretinal delivery of an optimized dual adeno-associated virus system containing the adenine base editor corrects the pathogenic SNV in the neuroretina with up to 49% efficiency. Light microscopy showed that a thick and robust outer nuclear layer (photoreceptors) was preserved in the treated area compared with the thin, degenerated outer nuclear layer without treatment. Substantial electroretinogram signals were detected in treated rd10 eyes, whereas control treated eyes showed minimal signals. The water maze experiment showed that the treatment substantially improved vision-guided behavior. Together, we construct and validate a translational therapeutic solution for the treatment of RP in humans. Our findings might accelerate the development of base-editing based gene therapies.
Ontogenetically distinct neutrophils differ in function and transcriptional profile in zebrafish
Authors: García-López Juan P. , Grimaldi Alexandre , Chen Zelin , Meneses Claudio , Bravo-Tello Karina , Bresciani Erica , Banderas Alvaro , Burgess Shawn M. , Hernández Pedro P. , Feijoo Carmen G.
Published: August 2023

The current view of hematopoiesis considers leukocytes on a continuum with distinct developmental origins, and which exert non-overlapping functions. However, there is less known about the function and phenotype of ontogenetically distinct neutrophil populations. In this work, using a photoconvertible transgenic zebrafish line; Tg(mpx:Dendra2), we selectively label rostral blood island-derived and caudal hematopoietic tissue-derived neutrophils in vivo during steady state or upon injury. By comparing the migratory properties and single-cell expression profiles of both neutrophil populations at steady state we show that rostral neutrophils show highercsf3bexpression and migration capacity than caudal neutrophils. Upon injury, both populations share a core transcriptional profile as well as subset-specific transcriptional signatures. Accordingly, both rostral and caudal neutrophils are recruited to the wound independently of their distance to the injury. While rostral neutrophils respond uniformly, caudal neutrophils respond heterogeneously. Collectively, our results reveal that co-existing neutrophils populations with ontogenically distinct origin display functional differences.
Spatial organization of the mouse retina at single cell resolution by MERFISH
Authors: Choi Jongsu , Li Jin , Ferdous Salma , Liang Qingnan , Moffitt Jeffrey R. , Chen Rui
Published: August 2023

The visual signal processing in the retina requires the precise organization of diverse neuronal types working in concert. While single-cell omics studies have identified more than 120 different neuronal subtypes in the mouse retina, little is known about their spatial organization. Here, we generated the single-cell spatial atlas of the mouse retina using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH). We profiled over 390,000 cells and identified all major cell types and nearly all subtypes through the integration with reference single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Our spatial atlas allowed simultaneous examination of nearly all cell subtypes in the retina, revealing 8 previously unknown displaced amacrine cell subtypes and establishing the connection between the molecular classification of many cell subtypes and their spatial arrangement. Furthermore, we identified spatially dependent differential gene expression between subtypes, suggesting the possibility of functional tuning of neuronal types based on location.
Embedded nano spin sensor for in situ probing of gas adsorption inside porous organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Linshan , Zheng Chaofeng , Li Wang , Wang Chunru , Wang Taishan
Published: August 2023

Spin-based sensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their high sensitivities. Herein, we developed a metallofullerene-based nano spin sensor to probe gas adsorption within porous organic frameworks. For this, spin-active metallofullerene, Sc3C2@C80, was selected and embedded into a nanopore of a pyrene-based covalent organic framework (Py-COF). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy recorded the EPR signals of Sc3C2@C80 within Py-COF after adsorbing N2, CO, CH4, CO2, C3H6, and C3H8. Results indicated that the regularly changing EPR signals of embedded Sc3C2@C80 were associated with the gas adsorption performance of Py-COF. In contrast to traditional adsorption isotherm measurements, this implantable nano spin sensor could probe gas adsorption and desorption with in situ, real-time monitoring. The proposed nano spin sensor was also employed to probe the gas adsorption performance of a metal–organic framework (MOF-177), demonstrating its versatility. The nano spin sensor is thus applicable for quantum sensing and precision measurements.
Ultra-thin lithium aluminate spinel ferrite films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and low damping
Authors: Zheng Xin Yu , Channa Sanyum , Riddiford Lauren J. , Wisser Jacob J. , Mahalingam Krishnamurthy , Bowers Cynthia T. , McConney Michael E. , N’Diaye Alpha T. , Vailionis Arturas , Cogulu Egecan , Ren Haowen , Galazka Zbigniew , Kent Andrew D. , Suzuki Yuri
Published: August 2023

Ultra-thin films of low damping ferromagnetic insulators with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been identified as critical to advancing spin-based electronics by significantly reducing the threshold for current-induced magnetization switching while enabling new types of hybrid structures or devices. Here, we have developed a new class of ultra-thin spinel structure Li0.5Al1.0Fe1.5O4 (LAFO) films on MgGa2O4 (MGO) substrates with: 1) perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; 2) low magnetic damping and 3) the absence of degraded or magnetic dead layers. These films have been integrated with epitaxial Pt spin source layers to demonstrate record low magnetization switching currents and high spin-orbit torque efficiencies. These LAFO films on MGO thus combine all of the desirable properties of ferromagnetic insulators with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, opening new possibilities for spin based electronics.
Two-dimensional MXene membranes with biomimetic sub-nanochannels for enhanced cation sieving
Authors: Xu Rongming , Kang Yuan , Zhang Weiming , Pan Bingcai , Zhang Xiwang
Published: August 2023

Membranes with high ion permeability and selectivity are of considerable interest for sustainable water treatment, resource extraction and energy storage. Herein, inspired by K+ channel of streptomyces A (KcsA K+), we have constructed cation sieving membranes using MXene nanosheets and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) molecules as building blocks. Numerous negatively charged oxygen atoms of EDTA molecules and 6.0 Å two-dimensional (2D) sub-nanochannel of MXene nanosheets enable biomimetic channel size, chemical groups and tunable charge density for the resulting membranes. The membranes show the capability to recognize monovalent/divalent cations, achieving excellent K+/Mg2+ selectivity of 121.2 using mixed salt solution as the feed, which outperforms other reported membranes under similar testing conditions and transcends the current upper limit. Characterization and simulations indicate that the cation recognition effect of EDTA and partial dehydration effects play critical roles in cations selective sieving and increasing the local charge density within the sub-nanochannel significantly improves cation selectivity. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for ions transport in sub-nanochannels and an alternative strategy for design ions separation membranes.
Facile synthesis of PEG-glycerol coated bimetallic FePt nanoparticle as highly efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation
Authors: Baruah Sarmistha , Rani Barkha , Sahu Niroj Kumar
Published: August 2023

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has shown excellent growth as an alternative candidate for energy sources to substitute fossil fuels. However, developing cost-effective and highly durable catalysts with a facile synthesis method is still challenging. In this prospect, a facile strategy is used for the preparation of hydrophilic Fe-Pt nanoparticle catalyst via a polyethylene glycol-glycerol route to utilize the advantages of nanostructured surfaces. The synthesized electrocatalysts are characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, EDS and FTIR to confirm their structure, morphology, composition, and surface functionalization. The performance of the catalysts towards methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in both acidic and alkaline media. The Fe-Pt bimetallic catalyst exhibits better current density of 36.36 mA cm−2 in acidic medium than in alkali medium (12.52 mA cm−2). However, the high If/Ib ratio of 1.9 in alkali medium signifies better surface cleaning/regenerating capability of catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst possessed superior cyclic stability of ~ 80% in the alkaline electrolyte which is 1.6 times higher than in the acidic one. The better stability and poison tolerance capacity of catalyst in alkaline media is attributed to the OH− ions provided by the electrolyte which interact with the metal species to form M-(OH)x and reversibly release OH− and regenerate metal surface for further oxidation reactions. But synergism provided by Fe and Pt gives better activity in acidic electrolyte as Pt is favourable catalyst for dehydrogenation of methanol in acidic medium. This study will be useful for designing anodic electrocatalysts for MOR.
Infrared optical signature reveals the source–dependency and along–transport evolution of dust mineralogy as shown by laboratory study
Authors: Di Biagio Claudia , Doussin Jean-François , Cazaunau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Cuesta Juan , Sellitto Pasquale , Ródenas Milagros , Formenti Paola
Published: August 2023

Advancing knowledge of the mineralogical composition of dust is key for understanding and predicting its climate and environmental impacts. The variability of dust mineralogy from one source to another and its evolution during atmospheric transport is not measured at large scale. In this study we use laboratory measurements to demonstrate that the extinction signature of suspended dust aerosols in the 740 − 1250 cm−1 atmospheric window can be used to derive dust mineralogy in terms of the main infrared − active minerals, namely quartz, clays, feldspars and calcite. Various spectral signatures in dust extinction enable to distinguish between multiple global sources with changing composition, whereas modifications of the dust extinction spectra with time inform on size − dependent particles mineralogy changes during transport. The present study confirms that spectral and hyperspectral infrared remote sensing observations offer great potential for elucidating the size − segregated mineralogy of airborne dust at regional and global scales.
Review of calibration strategies for discrete element model in quasi-static elastic deformation
Authors: Liu Xianyang , Wang Qunwei , Wang Yongwei , Dong Qinxi
Published: August 2023

This study first reviewed theories of the mechanical response of structures under loading, and the discrete element method provides a route for studying mechanical response including elastic deformation and structure failure. However, the direct acquisition of the microscopic parameters from the governing equations of the discrete element method via experiments encounters challenges. One possible strategy to obtain these microscopic parameters is parameter calibration that are widely used by researchers. Secondly, the governing equations and failure criterion of the discrete element method are summarized, and the microscopic parameters that would be calibrated are pinpointed. Next, the principles of classical calibration methods of discrete element method are explicated in detail, alongside the validation and discussion of their properties. Lastly, this study examined the applicability of calibrated parameters and points out that the size ratio, porosity, maximum radius, and minimum radius of particles should be identical in both the geometric calibration model and that for applications.
Estimating individual subjective values of emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Scheffel Christoph , Zerna Josephine , Gärtner Anne , Dörfel Denise , Strobel Alexander
Published: August 2023

Individuals have a repertoire of emotion regulation (ER) strategies at their disposal, which they can use more or less flexibly. In ER flexibility research, strategies that facilitate goal achievement are considered adaptive and therefore are subjectively valuable. Individuals are motivated to reduce their emotional arousal effectively and to avoid cognitive effort. Perceived costs of ER strategies in the form of effort, however, are highly subjective. Subjective values (SVs) should therefore represent a trade-off between effectiveness and subjectively required cognitive effort. However, SVs of ER strategies have not been determined so far. We present a new paradigm for quantifying individual SVs of ER strategies by offering monetary values for ER strategies in an iterative process. N = 120 participants first conducted an ER paradigm with the strategies distraction, distancing, and suppression. Afterwards, individual SVs were determined using the new CAD paradigm. SVs significantly predicted later choice for an ER strategy (χ2 (4, n = 119) = 115.40, p < 0.001, BF10 = 1.62 × 1021). Further, SVs were associated with Corrugator activity (t (5, 618.96) = 2.09, p = 0.037, f2 = 0.001), subjective effort (t (5, 618.96) = − 13.98, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.035), and self-reported utility (t (5, 618.96) = 29.49, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.155). SVs were further associated with self-control (t (97.97) = 2.04, p = 0.044, f2 = 0.002), but not with flexible ER. With our paradigm, we were able to determine subjective values. The trait character of the values will be discussed.

Protocol registration

The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on July 19, 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FN9BT.
Alteration of functional connectivity despite preserved cerebral oxygenation during acute hypoxia
Authors: Bakker Marleen E. , Djerourou Ismaël , Belanger Samuel , Lesage Frédéric , Vanni Matthieu P.
Published: August 2023

Resting state networks (RSN), which show the connectivity in the brain in the absence of any stimuli, are increasingly important to assess brain function. Here, we investigate the changes in RSN as well as the hemodynamic changes during acute, global hypoxia. Mice were imaged at different levels of oxygen (21, 12, 10 and 8%) over the course of 10 weeks, with hypoxia and normoxia acquisitions interspersed. Simultaneous GCaMP and intrinsic optical imaging allowed tracking of both neuronal and hemodynamic changes. During hypoxic conditions, we found a global increase of both HbO and HbR in the brain. The saturation levels of blood dropped after the onset of hypoxia, but surprisingly climbed back to levels similar to baseline within the 10-min hypoxia period. Neuronal activity also showed a peak at the onset of hypoxia, but dropped back to baseline as well. Despite regaining baseline sO2 levels, changes in neuronal RSN were observed. In particular, the connectivity as measured with GCaMP between anterior and posterior parts of the brain decreased. In contrast, when looking at these same connections with HbO measurements, an increase in connectivity in anterior–posterior brain areas was observed suggesting a potential neurovascular decoupling.
Objective wearable measures correlate with self-reported chronic pain levels in people with spinal cord stimulation systems
Authors: Patterson Denis G. , Wilson Derron , Fishman Michael A. , Moore Gregory , Skaribas Ioannis , Heros Robert , Dehghan Soroush , Ross Erika , Kyani Anahita
Published: August 2023

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is a well-established therapy for treating chronic pain. However, perceived treatment response to SCS therapy may vary among people with chronic pain due to diverse needs and backgrounds. Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) from standard survey questions do not provide the full picture of what has happened to a patient since their last visit, and digital PROs require patients to visit an app or otherwise regularly engage with software. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using digital biomarkers collected from wearables during SCS treatment to predict pain and PRO outcomes. Twenty participants with chronic pain were recruited and implanted with SCS. During the six months of the study, activity and physiological metrics were collected and data from 15 participants was used to develop a machine learning pipeline to objectively predict pain levels and categories of PRO measures. The model reached an accuracy of 0.768 ± 0.012 in predicting the pain intensity of mild, moderate, and severe. Feature importance analysis showed that digital biomarkers from the smartwatch such as heart rate, heart rate variability, step count, and stand time can contribute to modeling different aspects of pain. The results of the study suggest that wearable biomarkers can be used to predict therapy outcomes in people with chronic pain, enabling continuous, real-time monitoring of patients during the use of implanted therapies.
Sexual dimorphism in the social behaviour of Cntnap2-null mice correlates with disrupted synaptic connectivity and increased microglial activity in the anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Dawson Matt S. , Gordon-Fleet Kevin , Yan Lingxin , Tardos Vera , He Huanying , Mui Kwong , Nawani Smriti , Asgarian Zeinab , Catani Marco , Fernandes Cathy , Drescher Uwe
Published: August 2023

A biological understanding of the apparent sex bias in autism is lacking. Here we have identified Cntnap2 KO mice as a model system to help better understand this dimorphism. Using this model, we observed social deficits in juvenile male KO mice only. These male-specific social deficits correlated with reduced spine densities of Layer 2/3 and Layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex, a forebrain region prominently associated with the control of social behaviour. Furthermore, in male KO mice, microglia showed an increased activated morphology and phagocytosis of synaptic structures compared to WT mice, whereas no differences were seen in female KO and WT mice. Our data suggest that sexually dimorphic microglial activity may be involved in the aetiology of ASD, disrupting the development of neural circuits that control social behaviour by overpruning synapses at a developmentally critical period.
Behavioral thermoregulation by reptile embryos promotes hatching success and synchronization
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhao Bo , Gu Xiaoting , Du Weiguo
Published: August 2023

Reptile embryos can move inside eggs to seek optimal thermal conditions, falsifying the traditional assumption that embryos are simply passive occupants within their eggs. However, the adaptive significance of this thermoregulatory behavior remains a contentious topic. Here we demonstrate that behavioral thermoregulation by turtle embryos shortened incubation periods which may reduce the duration of exposure to dangerous environments, decreased egg mortality imposed by lethally high temperatures, and synchronized hatching which reduces predation risk. Our study provides empirical evidence that behavioral thermoregulation by turtle embryos is adaptive.
Preparation of a hydrophilic nanofiber membrane by electrospinning for application in the detection of NO2 by chemiluminescence
Authors: Xie ZhiJin , Tan WenYuan , Xiong YaLin , Deng ShaoLin , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2023

The strong hydrophobicity of the PVDF membrane is prone to contamination that is hard to clean for long-term usage.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy hair analysis after household contamination
Authors: Juarez Isaac , Kurouski Dmitry
Published: August 2023

Trace evidence found at crime scenes is rarely in an unsullied condition.
In situ assembly of nickel-based ultrathin catalyst film for water oxidation
Authors: Wei Xiang-Zhu , Liao Fang-Jie , Xu Xin , Ye Chen , Tung Chen-Ho , Wu Li-Zhu
Published: August 2023

A nickel-based ultrathin catalyst film is assembled in situ from a solution of Ni(OAc)2 and a Schiff-base ligand L (L = 3-methoxy-salicylidene-glycine).
Tuning the magnetic ordering driven by cationic antisite defects in the Li(ZnMn)As system
Authors: Wang ManFu , Tang WeiJia , Zhang JinGang , Wang SiFan , Xu JingSheng , Wang HaoXu , Pang GuiBing , Zhang ZhiHua , Lan Zhong
Published: August 2023

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of Li(ZnMn)As with antisite defects have been investigated by using first-principles calculations within the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation.
Theoretical understanding of the effect of specifically adsorbed halide anions on Cu-catalyzed CO2 electroreduction activity and product selectivity
Authors: Ou Lihui , You Wanli , Jin Junling , Chen Yuandao
Published: August 2023

Dimer OCCO formations are more favorable than CHO during CO electroreduction in the presence of halide anions, which can result in the production of C2 products, suggesting improved product selectivity during CO2 electroreduction.
Cu-doped mesoporous SnO2 nanoparticles with rich grain boundaries and oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion
Authors: Li Guohui , Li Pengyu , Ge Zhi , Yan Dawei , Sun Wei , Sun Yuanyuan , Zhou Xiaoxia
Published: August 2023

The selectivity toward CO is over 90% using Cu–SnO2 with rich grain boundaries and a CO2 reduction reaction was carried out following a *COOH pathway.
Glass-based LED system for indoor horticulture: enhanced plant growth through Sm3+ and Tm3+ co-doped luminescent glasses
Authors: Ekim Utku , İlter Emre , Özan Emirhan , Temürhan Yusuf , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin
Published: August 2023

Sm3+ and Tm3+ co-doped luminescent glass-based LED system offers a more efficient and sustainable way of lighting for indoor horticulture.
Anthryl-functionalized cyanide-bridged Fe/Co cubes
Authors: Liu Qi , Cheng Yue , Liu Shihao , Chen Zi-Yi , Zhang Yuan-Zhu
Published: August 2023

Two anthryl-functionalized cyanide-bridged Fe/Co cube complexes featuring different supramolecular packing modes were synthesized, with their magnetic and optical properties investigated.
Investigation on the predictive power of tolerance factor τ for A-site double perovskite oxides
Authors: Albrecht Elisabeth K. , Karttunen Antti J.
Published: August 2023

The predictive power of recently introduced new tolerance factor τ is investigated for AA′B2O6 double perovskites. Quantum chemical methods have been used to study all relevant combinations of cation ordering and tilting.
Comparative techno-economic analysis of different PV-assisted direct solar hydrogen generation systems
Authors: Sharma Astha , Longden Thomas , Catchpole Kylie , Beck Fiona J.
Published: August 2023

This work provides a robust technoeconomic analysis of a range of direct solar hydrogen generation (DSHG) systems to understand the opportunities and challenges of deploying DSHG to reduce the cost of renewable hydrogen production.
The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology
Authors: Tian Tiantian , Ko Chung-Nga , Luo Wenya , Li Dan , Yang Chao
Published: August 2023

Ginsenosides resist the aging by regulating multiple signaling pathways.
Cellulose acetate-based membrane for wastewater treatment—A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Islam Md. Didarul , Uddin Foyez Jalal , Rashid Taslim Ur , Shahruzzaman Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Efficacy of cellulose acetate-based membranes for wastewater treatment has been critically evaluated. With the aim to improve efficiency, future prospects and research direction of CA based membranes are also discussed in the review.
A first-principles study of the electronic, optical, and transport properties of novel transition-metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Gul Banat , Khan Muhammad Salman , Ahmad Bashir , Rahaman Mostafizur , Lolika Paride O. , Wafa Guenez , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: August 2023

The band structures confirmed an indirect band gap semiconductor nature. All the static dielectric constant values demonstrate a decreasing tendency with the energy gap value.
3D printing stretchable and compressible porous structures by polymerizable emulsions for soft robotics
Authors: Bliah Ouriel , Joe Seonggun , Reinberg Roei , Nardin Anderson B. , Beccai Lucia , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: August 2023

UV-curable 3D printing compositions for the fabrication of stretchable and compressible porous structures for soft robotics are presented.
Sustainable mechanochemical growth of double-network hydrogels supported by vascular-like perfusion
Authors: Wei Gumi , Kudo Yumeko , Matsuda Takahiro , Wang Zhi Jian , Mu Qi Feng , King Daniel R. , Nakajima Tasuku , Gong Jian Ping
Published: August 2023

Double-network (DN) gels are unique mechanochemical materials owing to their structures that can be dynamically remodelled during use.
Photoelectric synergistic anisotropic slippery interface for directional droplets manipulation
Authors: Sun Xu , Wang Xuan , Guo Pu , Jiang Lei , Heng Liping
Published: August 2023

An anisotropic photoelectric synergistic responsive paraffin-infused oxidized copper foam with a low response threshold is demonstrated for directional droplet manipulation.
Blowing-inspired ex situ preparation of ultrathin hydrogel coatings for visibly monitoring humidity and alkaline gas
Authors: He Xiao , Yang Ruijie , Xu Chaochen , Zhao Ziqian , Cheng Y. Frank , Egberts Philip , Zeng Hongbo , Lu Qingye
Published: August 2023

Ex situ preparation of a centimeter-scale ultrathin hydrogel coating with a thickness as low as ∼5 nm from a pre-gelated hydrogel using a blowing strategy.
Identification of new bisabosqual-type meroterpenoids reveals non-enzymatic conversion of bisabosquals into seco-bisabosquals
Authors: Tong Meng-Xi , Duan Yong-Xia , Zhang Ying-Dong , Ye Wan-Yi , Qin Sheng-Ying , Liu Xing-Zhong , Chen Guo-Dong , Lv Jian-Ming , Hu Dan , Gao Hao
Published: August 2023

Bisabosquals can undergo an unusual C–C cleavage through dehydration to form seco-bisabosquals. Further reaction of the ortho-phthalaldehyde group with water, ammonia, or serine leads to the production of various analogues.
Balancing ring and stopper group size to control the stability of doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes
Authors: Hertzog Jerald E. , Liu Guancen , Rawe Benjamin W. , Maddi Vincent J. , Hart Laura F. , Oh Jongwon , Dolinski Neil D. , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: August 2023

The kinetic stability of a series of doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes with differing ring and stopper size was examined.
High stability and strong luminescence CsPbBr3–Cs4PbBr6 thin films for all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Bai Tianxinyu , Wang Shenwei , Zhang Kexin , Chu Chunyang , Sun Yingqiang , Yi Lixin
Published: August 2023

This experiment involves rapid air annealing of CsPbBr3–Cs4PbBr6 thin films. Based on this thin film, we fabricated all-inorganic LEDs, the devices can operate continuously for 12 hours under ambient air with only 10% attenuation.
Chiral bifunctional organocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted isoindolinones
Authors: Hu Xiao-Mu , Zhang Rui , Dong Hai , Jia Yan-Yan , Bao Guo-Qiang , Wang Ping-An
Published: August 2023

Chiral tertiary-amine catalysts with a urea group can afford 3-substituted isoindolinones both in higher yields (87% vs. 77%) and enantioselectivities (95% ee vs. 46% ee) than chiral bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts under mild conditions.
Gallium-based nascent electrode materials towards promising supercapacitor applications: a review
Authors: Nashim Amtul , Mohanty Ritik , Ray Priyadarshi K. , Parida K. M.
Published: August 2023

Gallium is present in abundance in earth crust and is considered as the environmentally friendly alternative to the many toxic and rare elements. Review summarizes the various categories of Ga based systems for supercapacitors.
Porous supramolecular gels produced by reversible self-gelation of ruthenium-based metal–organic polyhedra
Authors: Troyano Javier , Tayier Fuerkaiti , Phattharaphuti Phitchayapha , Aoyama Takuma , Urayama Kenji , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: August 2023

Our study demonstrates how the charge manipulation of metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) provides a viable route for their assembly into supramolecular gels and porous aerogels, eliminating the need for supplementary components.
Exploring the anisotropic properties of chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal aerogels: outstanding directional mechanical strength and unexpected surface-dependent thermal conductivity
Authors: Li Zongzhe , Tsang Karl , Xu Yi-Tao , Drummond James G. , Martinez D. Mark , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: August 2023

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels with chiral nematic organization show surface-dependent thermal conductivities and directional mechanical properties.
Enabling uniform zinc deposition by zwitterion additives in aqueous zinc metal anodes
Authors: Huh Sung-Ho , Choi Yoon Jeong , Kim So Hee , Bae Jong-Seong , Lee Si-Hwan , Yu Seung-Ho
Published: August 2023

This article proposes a new electrolyte engineering strategy with “zwitterion” molecules, which reduce side reactions by adsorbing onto the zinc surface. The 6-aminohexanoic acid enables uniform zinc deposition and reduces zinc dendrite growth.
Metal–organic frameworks on versatile substrates
Authors: Zhong Li , Qian Jinjie , Wang Ni , Komarneni Sridhar , Hu Wencheng
Published: August 2023

The potential commercial uses of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are intriguing.
Standardized Procedures for Patients with Dysplasia and Other Diseases of the Cervix, Vulva, and Vagina at a Certified Dysplasia Unit Prior to the Introduction of the
Organized Cervical Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Schulmeyer Carla E. , Koch Martin C. , Dietl Anna K. , Stuebs Frederik A. , Behrens Annika , Renner Simone K. , Mehlhorn Grit , Geppert Carol C. , Hartmann Arndt , Beckmann Matthias W. , Gass Paul
Published: August 2023

Introduction Gynecologic dysplasia units and dysplasia consultations are obliged to offer diagnosis and treatment in accordance with the guidelines. The organization of the
consultation process, management of patient appointments, diagnosis, and treatment algorithms are heterogeneous. The legislation arising from the new Federal Joint Committee decision, dated
22 November 2018, concerning the organized cervical cancer screening program has been in force since 1 January 2020. In this article we provide an overview of the existing structures and
interdisciplinary cooperation of specialized dysplasia units incorporated in certified gynecologic cancer center.

Materials and Methods We carried out a retrospective database search of data collected prospectively from 1 July 2014 to 31 December 2019 at the dysplasia unit at the Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, which was the first dysplasia unit to be certified in 2014.

Results A total of 5594 patients presented at the unit, and 16061 colposcopic, vulvoscopic, and anoscopic examinations were performed. Approximately 4100 examinations of the cervix,
vagina, vulva, and anus are carried out each year, 1600 of these were exclusively cervix colposcopies. A total of 12197 cytology results were assessed, as well as 4850 histology results, and
8193 high-risk HPV tests. The quality indicators required by the dysplasia unit for annual recertification were met each year.

Conclusion Certified dysplasia units and consultations form the central component in the algorithm for further investigating abnormal screening results; but they are also the first
point of contact for a large number of patients with acute or chronic complaints in the genital region.
Workplace-based knowledge exchange programmes between academics, policymakers and providers in the health and social care sector: a scoping review and mapping exercise
Authors: Kumpunen Stephanie , Bridgwood Bernadeta , Irving Greg , Amuthalingam Thuvarahan , Matthews Jake , Pettigrew Luisa M.
Published: August 2023

Knowledge mobilisation can be achieved through various routes. This can include immersive, in-person time spent in a different workplace with people from other disciplines or sub-sectors. By doing so participants mobilise and exchange knowledge through observing the dynamics of a different workplace; by learning directly from others with different expertise and/or through sharing their own expertise. We have called this form of knowledge exchange ‘Workplace-based Knowledge Exchange Programmes’ (WKEPs) and have focused on their role in the health and care sector because of the importance of knowledge mobilisation in this field yet their relatively low profile in the literature. This study explores the main characteristics of WKEPs among academics, providers, and policymakers in the health and care sector in the United Kingdom (UK) through a scoping review and mapping exercise. We systematically identified 147 academic articles (between 2010 and 2022) and 74 websites which offered WKEPs as part of, or all of, their knowledge mobilisation activities (between 2020 and 2022). Characteristics were grouped into structures, processes, and outcomes. WKEPs lasted between one day and five years and were mostly uni-directional. Exchange ambitions varied, aiming to benefit both the participants and their working environments. They commonly aimed to build networks or collaborations, improve understanding of another field and bring back knowledge to their employer, as well as improve leadership and management skills. Almost all programmes were for healthcare providers and academics, rather than social care providers or policymakers. In-person WKEP activities could be categorised into four domains: ‘job shadowing’, ‘work placements’, ‘project-based collaborations’, and ‘secondments’. The aims of many of the WKEPs were not clearly described and formal evaluations were rare. We used the findings of this study to develop a framework to describe WKEP activities. We suggest the use of common language for these activities to aid participation and research, as well as recommending principles for the comprehensive advertising of WKEPs and reporting of experiences after participation in WKEPs. We recommend the establishment of an online repository to improve access to WKEPs. These resources are necessary to strengthen understanding and the effectiveness of WKEPs as a mechanism for knowledge mobilisation.
Effect of iron substitution on electronic conductivity of bismuth sesquioxide glasses
Authors: Mitsui Kazuki , Hu Zhongxu , Hanzawa Kota , Katase Takayoshi , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Saitoh Akira
Published: August 2023

Several glassy oxide semiconductors exhibit large electron mobilities; however, these oxides may not be considered environmentally friendly because of their toxicity. Herein, we report on the electrical conduction of iron oxide-containing bismuth sesquioxide borate glasses that are not toxic and show ohmic transport in the temperature range of 100–400 °C. The dominant carrier is the electron, which is revealed by the signs of Hall and Seebeck coefficients, without sign anomalies. The Hall mobility is ∼0.1 cm2/(V s), and the carrier density is ∼6 × 1015 cm−3 at 400 °C. The Seebeck coefficient is approximately −500 μV/K at 388 °C. The carriers might be generated by charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+ substituted in the glass, and they exhibit thermally activated hopping-type electronic conduction. The oxide glass can be used as a glass thermistor for a temperature range of 100–400 °C.
Phonon entropy engineering for caloric cooling
Authors: Liu Chenhan , Si Yangyang , Hao Menglong , Tao Yi , Deng Shiqing , Lu Ping , Zhao Chuanwen , Chen Zuhuang , Zhang Gang , Chen Yunfei
Published: August 2023

Electrocaloric cooling, with the advantages of zero global warming potential, high efficiency, smart size, etc., is regarded as a promising next-generation technology for green refrigeration. The exotic negative electrocaloric effect (ECE) in antiferroelectric materials forms the basis to improve the caloric cooling power density, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. By using a fully first-principles method, we successfully simulate the electric field-triggered structural phase transition from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric in a prototypical antiferroelectric material PbZrO3 (PZO). Through tracking the phonon entropy evolution and measuring the temperature-dependent polarization along the transition path, we disclose that the negative ECE in PZO originates from the latent heat associated with phonon entropy rather than the previously recognized dipolar entropy. Accordingly, a new concept of phonon entropy engineering is proposed that engineering the density of states especially for low-frequency phonons can modulate the phonon entropy, which provides an effective route to enhance the cooling power density.
Theory of entangled two-photon emission/absorption [E2P-EA] between molecules
Authors: Chiang Tse-Min , Schatz George C.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the theory of entangled two-photon emission/absorption (E2P-EA) between a many-level cascade donor and a many-level acceptor (which could be quantum dots or molecules) using second-order perturbation theory and where the donor–acceptor pair is in a homogeneous but dispersive medium. To understand the mechanism of E2P-EA, we analyze how dipole orientation, radiative lifetime, energy detuning between intermediate states, separation distance, and entanglement time impact the E2P-EA rate. Our study shows that there are quantum interference effects in the E2P-EA rate expression that lead to oscillations in the rate as a function of entanglement time. Furthermore, we find that the E2P-EA rate for a representative system consisting of two quantum dots can be comparable to one-photon emission/absorption (OP-EA) when donor and acceptor are within a few nm. However, the E2P-EA rate falls off much more quickly with separation distance than does OP-EA.
Prospectives for AlN electronics and optoelectronics and the important role of alternative synthesis
Authors: Doolittle W. Alan , Matthews Christopher M. , Ahmad Habib , Motoki Keisuke , Lee Sangho , Ghosh Aheli , Marshall Emily N. , Tang Amanda L. , Manocha Pratyush , Yoder P. Douglas
Published: August 2023

Future applications for emerging AlN semiconductor electronics and optoelectronics are facilitated by emerging doping technologies enabled by low temperature, non-equilibrium epitaxy. Defect and impurity compensation can be reduced by controlling the surface chemistry with reducing compensating vacancy concentrations being a key driver for lower temperature growth. Contrary to common understanding, low temperature, metal-rich vacuum processes are shown to have higher diffusion lengths than high temperature nitrogen-rich methods. This feature can be utilized to inhibit silicon-DX center formation without compromises in crystal quality. First principles calculations identify the valence split-off band as the dominant hole band contributing to impurity band formation (as opposed to the heavy and light hole bands in other nitrides). This anomalous band structure causes an impurity band to form at dopant concentrations similar to GaN even though AlN has a deeper isolated acceptor energy and results in hole mobilities that are substantially higher than possible in GaN. AlN hole concentrations of ∼4.4 × 1018 cm−3 and 0.045 Ω cm resistivity and electron concentrations of ∼6 × 1018 cm−3 and ∼0.02 Ω cm resistivity are shown and offer substantial promise for future generations of AlN bipolar electronic and optical devices.
A computational bridge between traction force microscopy and tissue contraction
Authors: Flanary Shannon M. , Jo Seokwon , Ravichandran Rohit , Alejandro Emilyn U. , Barocas Victor H.
Published: August 2023

Arterial wall active mechanics are driven by resident smooth muscle cells, which respond to biological, chemical, and mechanical stimuli and activate their cytoskeletal machinery to generate contractile stresses. The cellular mechanoresponse is sensitive to environmental perturbations, often leading to maladaptation and disease progression. When investigated at the single cell scale, however, these perturbations do not consistently result in phenotypes observed at the tissue scale. Here, a multiscale model is introduced that translates microscale contractility signaling into a macroscale, tissue-level response. The microscale framework incorporates a biochemical signaling network along with characterization of fiber networks that govern the anisotropic mechanics of vascular tissue. By incorporating both biochemical and mechanical components, the model is more flexible and more broadly applicable to physiological and pathological conditions. The model can be applied to both cell and tissue scale systems, allowing for the analysis of in vitro, traction force microscopy and ex vivo, isometric contraction experiments in parallel. When applied to aortic explant rings and isolated smooth muscle cells, the model predicts that active contractility is not a function of stretch at intermediate strain. The model also successfully predicts cell-scale and tissue-scale contractility and matches experimentally observed behaviors, including the hypercontractile phenotype caused by chronic hyperglycemia. The connection of the microscale framework to the macroscale through the multiscale model presents a framework that can translate the wealth of information already collected at the cell scale to tissue scale phenotypes, potentially easing the development of smooth muscle cell-targeting therapeutics.
Optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses on the role of magnetic ions in colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Dehnel Joanna , Harchol Adi , Barak Yahel , Meir Itay , Horani Faris , Shapiro Arthur , Strassberg Rotem , de Mello Donegá Celso , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Gamelin Daniel R. , Sharma Kusha , Lifshitz Efrat
Published: August 2023

Incorporating magnetic ions into semiconductor nanocrystals has emerged as a prominent research field for manipulating spin-related properties. The magnetic ions within the host semiconductor experience spin-exchange interactions with photogenerated carriers and are often involved in the recombination routes, stimulating special magneto-optical effects. The current account presents a comparative study, emphasizing the impact of engineering nanostructures and selecting magnetic ions in shaping carrier–magnetic ion interactions. Various host materials, including the II–VI group, halide perovskites, and I–III–VI2 in diverse structural configurations such as core/shell quantum dots, seeded nanorods, and nanoplatelets, incorporated with magnetic ions such as Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu1+/2+ are highlighted. These materials have recently been investigated by us using state-of-the-art steady-state and transient optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy to explore individual spin-dynamics between the photogenerated carriers and magnetic ions and their dependence on morphology, location, crystal composition, and type of the magnetic ion. The information extracted from the analyses of the ODMR spectra in those studies exposes fundamental physical parameters, such as g-factors, exchange coupling constants, and hyperfine interactions, together providing insights into the nature of the carrier (electron, hole, dopant), its local surroundings (isotropic/anisotropic), and spin dynamics. The findings illuminate the importance of ODMR spectroscopy in advancing our understanding of the role of magnetic ions in semiconductor nanocrystals and offer valuable knowledge for designing magnetic materials intended for various spin-related technologies.