bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forward to the Primitive.  New Sustainable Design Processes Characterized by Primitive Aesthetic
Authors: Filieri Jurji , Benelli Elisabetta
Published: February 2024

What will Design become if the object disappears, sublimating itself into the most sustain-able expression of form, that is its absence?
As part of a wider theoretical research on new models of effective product design, we want to emphasize how the growing integration of ethical and environmental sensibilities leads to an often-primitive approach to design that is capable of catalyzing concrete actions and triggering a new accessible aesthetic for the public.
What emerges is a process of progressive disappearance of the object in user practices, replaced by more intangible qualities and value components (ethical, cultural, ideological dimensions of the project), which are also investigated and enjoyed through new unexpected media supports such as videos, films, ambient happenings. This process sees the center of content production shift toward the market or the public and its “peripheries,” where a more natural instinctive and direct approach is often expressed in an essential, primitive language.
Being and Nature. The Aesthetic Ecocentrism
Authors: Pinho Adriano , Providência Francisco
Published: February 2024

This article aims to understand how design aesthetics can actively contribute to a more sustainable and resilient society.
The methodology uses a tripartite analysis: literature review, case studies, and analysis of historical context.
The literature review was supported by an analysis of the philosophy of aesthetics and sustainability, case studies through examples of the ideals of ecocentric aesthetics and historical research as an ethnographic observation of the emergence of activism and its socio-artistic repercussions.
Ecocentric aesthetics is based on constructing an aesthetic language through sustainability, using “ugliness” to overcome social alienation by identifying beauty as the aesthetics of reception (mercantile pressure).
Propose through formal innovation, an activist role escaping the social functionalization of hyper-industrially, promoting a more conscious and accessible society, and a new language and knowledge that promotes resilience and preservation of life.
From Empathy to Inclusive Design: Multisensory Solutions for (Not Only) Socially Sustainable Projects
Authors: Delprino Federica
Published: February 2024

Solutions designed for specific niches have over time become integrated into common use, while others have remained the sole purview of small groups, defining and stigmatizing them. Through an analysis of the process that has made many technological solutions created for the disabled into common use for the majority, it is possible to understand when and how designers should intervene in creating their projects to guarantee the accessibility and usability of the resulting artefacts. There are ways to ‘empathize’ and consider users based on their general abilities and technological skills, so as to broaden the meaning and the sphere of accessibility. Deepening users’ needs and ways of interacting, shaping ‘personas’ according to their abilities and not just difficulties, can help design more inclusively. This approach makes possible not only the scalability and inclusiveness of the end result but also of the design tools, focusing on specific needs without being exclusionary.
Etnography in Sever Do Vouga: Reality<>Change First Step to Engage a Creative and Rural Community
Authors: Fragoso Lopes Pedro , Gomes Gonçalo
Published: February 2024

This article reflects the ethnographic work carried out in Sever do Vouga, during the year 2022, within the scope of ongoing doctoral research. This step is the first phase of a set of six that make up the “Reality <> Change” methodology - an adaptation of the “Double Diamond” model developed by the Design Council (2019) made by researchers from ID+ and DESIS - which aims to to study the impact of Creative Industries in combating population decline in rural environments. Sever do Vouga is the place chosen to develop this investigation, as a result of the author’s contact with this territory since 2013. It is also the objective of this investigation to prove and verify this methodology.
Creating Methodological Design Processes for Empowering Artisans of Cali, Colombia
Authors: Andrés Martínez Muñoz Edgar , Marcela Giraldo Pinedo Diana
Published: February 2024

This paper describes how, from an academic exercise, Industrial Design students assume the role of social intrapreneurs (Cabana, 2018: 90-91) to become aware of the potential of design and the richness in non-academic learning that this type of dynamics can generate. In Colombia, there is sometimes a dependency between the artisan and the designer, because some professionals hired by state entities or third-sector agencies carry out design processes for the artisans, considering their skills, but these designs are not generated in a participatory manner. What is sought with this exercise is to empower artisans through the search for a design process according to their needs, where collectively the designer facilitates the artisan the incorporation of elements of the design process proper to the design into the empirical exercise of the artisan. This way, the artisan meets the creative requirements of customers and the local market, which allows them to increase their competitiveness and not depend on the designers to achieve a product portfolio that guarantees economic, cultural, and social sustainability.
Empowering Through Design: Regional Development Strategy of Los Lagos as an Intersectional Case
Authors: Moreno Daniel , Mollenhauer Katherine , Orellana Arturo
Published: February 2024

The territory is configured as a space that is limited, occupied, and used by different actors. From these, diverse relationships of complementation and reciprocity but also conflict and confrontation are generated in the form of complex systems, making the territory a “system of systems” (Lurås, 2016; Jackson & Keys, 2019). It evokes the concept of intersectionality, as it is used to designate the perception of power relations, putting in doubt the existence of empowerment of certain less favored actors. Systemic design is a practical-methodological-theoretical field where systems and design thinking and practice converge to address the complexity of citizen participation as the relationships of various elements, having multiple foci, considering these elements as human or non-human from a territorial point of view. Service design proposes that the actors of the ecosystem are considered “users” and “co-producers” of the service since all of them interact with the DRA at some level. Through co-production and co-creation techniques, around 30 community citizen online workshops and 16 participatory webinars were carried out. The objective of these workshops, in addition to contributing to the elaboration and adjustment of the diagnosis and Design of the Regional Development Strategy (ERD) of Los Lagos, Chile, seeks to generate social innovation. The use of databases and various media made it possible to design workshops in remote mode, which achieved effective participation of more than 2,000 people.
Data Driven Design: From Environment to the Human Body
Authors: Cavallin Elena
Published: February 2024

Based on doctoral research developments, the paper presents an analysis of how the use of Artificial Intelligence technologies and Data Driven Design can be the key to activating sustainable design actions that have positive impacts on the human body and communities. First we will distinguish how technology can be beneficial, in two macro cases, whether placed within the design or in the product/service itself. This will be followed by an analysis of the types of spillovers based on spatial/temporal factors and types of implementation. Research still under development focuses on comparison of case studies and analysis of literature sources. A subsequent prototyping and testing phase is planned to test whether what is hypothesised in the current phase is tangible and to what extent the effects are controllable.
(Re) active materials for sensitive, adaptive and interactive design. Practices for a (re) generation of sense for well-being and comfort
Authors: Emidi Noemi
Published: February 2024

The article aims to read the transition of material design approaches identifying an evolutive models with major principles and contribution into the health improvement through material innovations. The analysis follows a bottom-up approach, using a case-based reasoning methodology to study well-being concept evolution and identify new material experimentations frontiers within three approaches: Imitative, Augmentative, and Mutational. The contribution of the article reflects and suggests the introduction of new material design approaches to manage the design of advanced materials’ behaviuors in their future development, highlighting their potential impact on user satisfaction and acceptance, collective welfare improvement, performance optimization, and environmental concerns.
Design Processes: From the Historical Perspective to the Application in Startups Companies
Authors: Arruda Amilton , Moroni Isabela
Published: February 2024

This article addresses innovation, entrepreneurship and design management, aiming to investigate how it could contribute to the maintenance of the innovative character of startup companies. A brief survey was made on the importance of design in organizations. The timeline with the main developments from the 1950s to the present day, revealed that design has been strengthened as an entrepreneurial and strategic character. Subsequently, the Brazilian startup scenario was structured, analyzing the context in which they are inserted, as well as their management paradigms, which culminated in the search for information about design management and its role for the innovation of organizations. As a result, the theoretical studies allowed the elaboration of a model with five processes: Design for innovation strategies; Design for idea generation; Design for concept creation; Project to represent the company; and Design as an integrator.
The Design Posture: A Collaborative Learning-By-Doing Approach
Authors: Duina Rita , Berni Marco , Del Bono Andrea
Published: February 2024

In September 2021, Codesign Toscana1 organised a pop-up school animated by a concept implicitly present in many design-related debates and around which our practices as an interdisciplinary collective have developed over the last five years: the “Design Posture” (hereafter DP). By relying on a collaborative design framework, we experimented with a cooperative learning approach using the urban context as a non-formal education platform and, following the direct experience of the pop-up school, named “Response/Ability” we discuss the possibility of new horizons in the urban context to organize educational platforms that rely on reclaimed city spaces and that generate insights for young generations.
Material Practices in Transition: From Analogue to Digital in Teaching Textile and Fashion Design
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia , Motta Martina
Published: February 2024

The transition to digital design tools challenges the craftsmanship of textile and fashion designers as part of the product value chain, opening for reflection on how textile craftsmanship should be taught in education due to the current trend of digitalisation. By looking at new forms of craftsmanship, this research expands on the idea of teaching students transdisciplinary methods which connect analogue and digital tools within textile and fashion design education. Based on analysis of a number of case studies, we propose a framework of different strategies for teaching textile craftsmanship in the digital design age, with the aim of integrating textile-specific digital environments — which have been designed primarily to maximise the efficiency of industrial processes, rather than to enhance design development with regard to artistic expression — and non-textile digital tools on the basis that these are exploratory in nature and open to more creative design practices.
Design Ecosystem in Portugal. Education, Research and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ribeiro Marlese , Providência Francisco
Published: February 2024

The article aims to frame the Design Ecosystem in Portugal, presenting data on education, research and employability in design, and identify possible causes for the still fragile connection between design and the industry. In Portugal, the extinction of the Portuguese Design Center, in 2013, exacerbates this lack of representation of design among companies, the public administration, and the general public, an space that is urgent to occupy. Oriented to observe, discuss, and think about the schools and research in design in the context of the national ecosystem, the REDE — Meeting of Design Schools presents itself as a sharing space for designing the future of Design Schools. The REDE started as an initiative of the Design Observatory in Portugal project of the ID+ Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture that aims to collect and interpret data from the Portuguese Design ecosystem to promote knowledge and influence public policies.
GARCÍA CUETOS, Pilar (2016). El lenguaje de las Bellas Construcciones. Reflexiones sobre la recepción y la restauración de la arquitectura andalusí. Granada: Universidad de Granada.
Authors: Castillo Ruiz José
Published: February 2024

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El Plan Director del Palacio de la Audiencia de Zaragoza. Metodología y estructura
Authors: Sebastián Franco Sergio
Published: February 2024

El Palacio de la Audiencia de Zaragoza puede considerarse uno de los ejemplos más bellos y grandiosos de la arquitectura civil aragonesa del siglo XVI. En el año 2015 se ha redactado un plan director para su rehabilitación, que ha demandado una metodología propia al tratarse de un edificio en uso y con una relevante serie de peculiaridades. Basado en una estructura que trata del ayer, del hoy, y del mañana del palacio, esto es, de todos los antecedentes, estado actual, y futuras actuaciones, su contenido se ha organizado en 11 cuadernos temáticos de trabajo, algunos específicos de cada materia de estudio y otros que los van relacionando. Con el objeto de que el plan director sea un documento absolutamente ágil, útil, y práctico, esta visión poliédrica hace que sea apto para su empleo inmediato, desde pequeñas intervenciones de mantenimiento, hasta las futuras grandes operaciones integrales.
CALATRAVA, Juan; GARCÍA PÉREZ, Francisco y ARREDONDO GARRIDO, David (2016). La cultura y la ciudad. Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada.
Authors: Romero Gallardo Aroa
Published: February 2024

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Application of Lecture Method In Learning Akidah Akhlak In Class VIII (A) SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai
Authors: Rahmayani Erli , Tambunan Nurhalima
Published: February 2024

This research aims to explore: (1) Application of the lecture method in learning moral beliefs in class VIII (A) SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai, (2) solution for applying the lecture method in learning moral beliefs in class VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data sources in this research are the school principal, teachers of morals and students. The data collection technique uses observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display and data conclusion drawing. The results of research on the application of the lecture method in learning moral beliefs in class VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai, namely that the teacher said that using the lecture method was very easy to implement, but sometimes students tended to be passive in class. The solution for applying the lecture method in moral belief lessons in class VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai is to make the lesson material structured, use props when lecturing and explain using terms that can be understood by students.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplor: (1) Penerapan metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran akidah akhlak di kelas VIII (A) SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai, (2) Solusi penerapan metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran akidah akhlak di kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru mata pelajaran akidah akhlak dan peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display), dan penarikan kesimpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian penerapan metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran akidah akhlak di kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai yaitu guru mengatakan bahwa penggunaan metode ceramah sangat mudah dijalankan, namun terkadang siswa cenderung bersikap pasif didalam kelas. Solusi dalam penerapan metode ceramah pada pelajaran akidah akhlak di kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai yaitu buatlah materi pelajaran secara terstruktur, gunakan alat peraga waktu berceramah dan menjelaskan dengan menggunakan istilah-istilah yang dapat dipahami oleh peserta didik.
NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR THE STUDY OF TRANSPORT IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF ALGEIRS
Authors:   University of Science and Technology HouariBoumediene, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Territory Planning, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria, BENFERHAT Tina , BOUDER Abdelmadjid ,   University of Science and Technology HouariBoumediene, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Territory Planning, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
Published: February 2024

Transport in the metropolitan area of Algiers is very complicated, so we used the powerful tools of geographic information systems in the analysis of transport in the study area. Through the utilization of network analysis and GIS capabilities, our study focuses on optimizing transportation networks and enhancing port accessibility in the metropolitan regions of Boumerdes, Blida, Tipaza, and Algiers. Our methodology involves data collection, GIS analysis, and mapping to generate databases and maps of metropolitan networks. Through assessing port accessibility, road connectivity, and population-based hotspots analysis. Our study reveals Algiers as the most accessible municipality, attributed to its strong centralization. The roadbased analysis and population-based hotspot analysis provide valuable insights into port accessibility, road connectivity, and high-density townships, facilitating informed urban planning and infrastructure development.
HISTORICAL SPECIAL INTEREST TOURISM: THE EVOLUTION OF MOUNTAINEERING IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   School of Tourism & Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Johannesburg, South Africa, ROGERSON Christian M. , ROGERSON Jayne M. ,   chool of Tourism & Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: February 2024

Scholarship on special interest tourism has burgeoned since the 1980s. Although this expanding research interest is relatively new, the phenomenon of special interest tourism is not of recent origin as many of its forms, such as mountaineering, exhibit a long historical record. Most research on special interest tourism concentrates on contemporary issues. The objective is to present a historical perspective on special interest tourism. Using archival sources an analysis is undertaken of the evolution of mountaineering in South Africa as a recreational sport and incipient form of special interest tourism. Cape Town’s Table Mountain and the Drakensberg mountains provide the geographical focus of discussion. The results demonstrate that during the 1920s and 1930s tourism promoters in South Africa acknowledged the potential of special interest mountaineers to contribute to tourism growth. The documented experience of early mountaineering in South Africa provides an example of racism in recreation by showing that the country’s recreational practices became constructed around politicallyimposed racial hierarchies.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL FERRATE GENERATION MODULE IN THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF MEAT PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Penza State University, Kireev Sergey Yu , Shtepa Vladimir N. ,   Poless State University, Kireeva Svetlana N. ,   Penza State University, Kozyr Alexey V. ,   Poless State University, Shikunets Alexey B. ,   Poless State University, Naumov Lev V. ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2024

The article describes the complex electrochemical technology of wastewater treatment of a meat processing plant. In the process of water treatment, sequential processing takes place in an electrochemical module with a graphite anode, an electrochemical mo dule with an iron anode and exposure in a maturation and averaging chamber. It is proved that in a module with an iron anode, the generation of ferrates is observed, which simultaneously perform the functions of a mild oxidizer, coagulant and corrosion inh ibitor of steel.
The history of the creation of museums in Uzbekistan on the basis of agricultural and industrial exhibitions (on the example of the museums of the Fergana Valley)
Authors: Akhmedov Jasurbek , Alimov Umidjon , Kayumov Sukhrob
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the history of museums in the Fergana Valley. In particular, the activities of the State Museum of History and Culture of the Ferghana region, the State Museum of History and Culture of the Namangan region, the State Museum of History and Culture of the Andijan Region, the Kokand State Museum-Reserve were investigated. The modern activity of the museums of the Ferghana Valley, expositions and exhibits of funds, rare monuments of antiquity are characterized.
Incarnations of Vertragna as an integral part of significance of the decor of Kelermess axe
Authors: Kokorina Yulia , Vagabov Makhach , Rogozhkin Vasily
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this work is to reconstruct the area of significance of the decor of the ceremonial axe of the Scythian kings, known as the Kelermess axe. To do this, we compared the set of animals depicted on the handle of the axe with the enumeration of the incarnations of the Iranian god of war and victory Vertragna, given in the holy book of the ancient Iranians Avesta. The choice of the Avesta as a source of information about the meaning of the images on the axe is due to the belonging of the Scythians to the Iranian peoples. An additional reason for this choice was the species definition of animals, the isolation of their images, the interpretation of their poses by biologists.
Folk dance and music art of the new generation: China’s experience
Authors: Xinlei Shi
Published: February 2024

China is one of those countries that are famous for their developed national culture, the desire to learn and inherit folk dance traditions. This article is devoted to the study of historical trends in the formation of folk-dance art in China, as well as the proposal of some measures for its comprehensive development and effective inheritance.
A Novelty Decision-Making Based on Hybrid Indexing, Clustering, and Classification Methodologies: An Application to Map the Relevant Experts Against the Rural Problem
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, STMIK Profesional, Makassar, Indonesia, Faisal Muhammad , Rahman Titik Khawa Abd ,   Department of Ph.D ICT, AeU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mulyadi Ida ,   Department of Computer Science, STMIK Profesional, Makassar, Indonesia, Aryasa Komang ,   Department of Informatics Engineering, DIPA University, Makassar, Indonesia, Irmawati  , Thamrin Musdalifa ,   Department of Informatics Management, STMIK Profesional, Makassar, Indonesia
Published: February 2024

Goals (SDGs) within intricate rural contexts holds paramount significance. Sustainable rural development holds profound significance for both developed and developing nations. This study was conducted to develop a methodological framework for placing experts with strategically relevant competencies to meet the specific needs of villages, thus enabling the practical application of their expertise in generating innovative solutions to problems in a village. This study entails several pivotal phases. Firstly, it constructs a Community Standard of Living Index (CSLI) using Delphi and Rank Reciprocal (RR). Secondly, it establishes village clustering through a hybrid Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Self-Organizing Map (SOM), and Xie-Beni (XB). Thirdly, a classification of village development levels is created using Tsukamoto and Smallest of Maximum (SM). Finally, recommendations for placing experts in villages, aligning their skills with identified needs using the Cosine Similarity (CS). The results obtained are compared with factual data of each village to obtain relevant conclusions, where an accuracy value of 0.95 indicates a high success rate in the test results of the proposed technique. This study has the potential to significantly enhance decision-making by introducing opportunities for the development of hybrid methodologies in expert mapping for rural issues.
Autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance in smart robotic wheelchairs
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, (BPUT,Rourkela) Sarang, Odisha, India, Sahoo Sushil Kumar , Choudhury Bibhuti Bhusan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, Odisha, India
Published: February 2024

This review research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements, challenges, and methodologies in autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance for smart robotic wheelchairs. The integration of robotics and assistive technology has revolutionized mobility solutions for individuals with impairments, enabling them to navigate complex environments independently. The paper examines the various sensor modalities, machine learning algorithms, and computer vision techniques employed for environment perception and obstacle recognition. It discusses path planning algorithms, motion control strategies, and decision-making processes for autonomous navigation. The review also addresses limitations, such as localization accuracy and dynamic environment modelling, while highlighting recent research advancements and suggesting future directions. Overall, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of smart robotic wheelchairs, aiming to enhance mobility and quality of life for individuals with mobility impairments.
Application of Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Assessing Driver Behavior Criteria Associated to Road Safety
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan, Farooq Danish
Published: February 2024

The investigation of road safety issues has long posed a formidable challenge because of the intricate and unpredictable practice of human behavior. To address this complexity, experts in the field have turned to linguistic terms for evaluation, capitalizing on recent advancements in ordinary fuzzy sets. A promising way in Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is the utilization of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), which provide an extra flexible representation of membership tasks. This study introduces an innovative approach, the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP), to measure and rank essential driver behavior criteria in a hierarchical model tailored for diverse driver groups in Budapest city. Our method effectively ranks the model criteria and sub-criteria based on their weighted scores. Consequently, we determine that criteria 'lapses' and 'errors' are the most pivotal factors based on the aggregated weights as compared to all other considerations. In contrast, the criterion 'disobeying speed limits' emerges as the least critical one, followed by 'disobeying overtaking rules' as the second least criterion. Our research highlights that the proposed approach yields robust and useful outcomes, well accommodating the inherent ambiguity in decision-making processes. The resilience of our findings is further affirmed through one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis.
Directional Oscillatory Coupling Serves Bottom-Up and Top-Down Interactions between Prosody and Syntax During Language Comprehension
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Maess Burkhard , Meyer Lars
Published: February 2024

During language comprehension, we infer syntax either from the bottom up through acoustic cues in speech—or from the top down based on cognitive and linguistic factors. We here reveal the underlying oscillatory networks in the human brain by employing directional functional connectivity analysis on source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography data. In our experiment, subjects listened to ambiguous sentences that contained acoustic cues to syntactic structure; in many but not all experimental trials, subjects followed these cues and inferred syntax from the bottom up, as indicated by behavioral responses. In trials where subjects ignored the cues, syntax was inferred from the top down instead. In bottom-up trials, we observed increased connectivity from left to right auditory areas in the upper beta frequency bands. In contrast, top-down trials did not exhibit such connectivity enhancement. Instead, a contradiction between bottom-up cues and top-down inference were associated with theta– and upper-beta-band connectivity from left auditory areas to left frontal/right auditory areas and from right to left frontal areas; also left frontal areas increased its theta-band connectivity to left auditory areas. Conversely, consistency between bottom-up cues and top-down inference increased the alpha band connectivity from the left to right auditory areas. Our results highlight the critical role of directed oscillatory coupling for the functional electrophysiological interaction between distant sensory and abstract subsystems across the greater language brain.
Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen im Referendariat. Empirische Einblicke in die Umsetzung und Ausgestaltung
Authors: Peitz Julia
Published: February 2024

Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen sind zentrale Formate im Vorbereitungsdienst, objektive Einblicke in die praktische Umsetzung sind allerdings marginal. In dieser Studie steht die systematische Auseinandersetzung mit der praktischen Umsetzung und Ausgestaltung dieser multilateralen Gespräche im Zentrum. Mittels eines triangulativen Designs werden zunächst die Themen der Besprechungen aufgedeckt und Hinweise auf praxisrelevante Merkmale zur Einschätzung von Unterricht geliefert. Die deskriptive Betrachtung richtet den Blick auf die räumlichen und zeitlichen Rahmenbedingungen, den Ablauf der Gespräche und die Zusammensetzung der Gesprächskreise. Die vergleichende Betrachtung der Redebeteiligungen der Teilnehmenden macht auf besonders dominante Personen und Akteursgruppen aufmerksam. In der rekonstruktiven Analyse werden spezifische rollengebundene Interaktions- und Kommunikationsmuster sichtbar. Je nach Rolle werden den Teilnehmenden durch den Modus Operandi dieser Formate unterschiedliche Möglichkeitsräume zur inhaltlichen Beteiligung und interaktiven Mitgestaltung eröffnet, diese aber auch gleichermaßen begrenzt.
Narrativizing Trauma of the People’s War in Shrestha’s “Monologues”
Authors: Pokhrel Badri Prasad
Published: February 2024

In this study, I scrutinize and analyze Nepali jan yuddha and its impacts on common denizens living under the threat of both the rebels and the security forces narrativized in Abhinash Shrestha’s “Monologue” from the perspective of trauma studies. In the process of the research, the paper intends to show the violence, futility of war, enormous pain, fear, estrangement, unhappiness and shadow of war hanging in the mind of survivors basically those people living in the hinterlands of Nepal and expecting peace as soon as possible. Watching news on television and reading newspapers, they are seen longing for harmonious relationship in all.  The specter of violence has been imprinted in all people’s mind and murder, manhandling, abusing and kidnapping in front of the family members have been common to all. Following this and using some critical insights of Caruth’s trauma theories and others’ as theoretical parameter, I have analyzed the primary text. This paper also intends to bring out the prospects of peace and solidarity among the people living under the threat from both sides, besides the enhanced conflict which has terrorized everyone. Discussing the expected findings, this article focuses on common individual’s anticipation for peace in the war-ridden societies.
Post-Colonial Discourse in Achebe's Things Fall Apart
Authors: Chapagaee Rajendra Prasad
Published: February 2024

This study aims at revealing Igbo society and the decline of its cultural identity as a result of British colonialism and the hegemony imposed through judicial, medical, educational, and church-missionary institutions. When the protagonist's son betrays his father and the brothers ridicule the concept of brotherhood by becoming Christians, the peaceful Igbo community gets turned into anarchy. The harmony of the Igbo community was destroyed by the effects of colonialism and the supremacy of European culture. Consequently, the rich cultural heritage collapses and crumbles despite constant resistance and sacrifice of a sincere lover of native culture. Post-colonial social narrative, a narration of society, postulates the issues of presentation, expression and evocation of a community which is preliminarily structured by a number of cultural ethos, now it has been contaminated by colonial power. The community experiences a significant transformation while the true followers original culture struggle with the shifting dynamics of relationships. European civilization interferes and challenges the traditional way of life of the Igbo people. Identity of the indigenous people gets reshaped as they fight against the changes imposed by the colonists.
Impact of Monetary Policy on the Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Ghimire Shiva Raj , Aryal Narayan Prasad , Basnet Ashok
Published: February 2024

This study examines the impact of monetary policy instruments on firm profitability in Nepalese commercial banks from 2007/08 to 2021/22. The research investigates the relationship between profitability and various monetary policy instruments, including broad money supply, statutory liquidity ratio, bank rate, investment in treasury bills, and cash reserve ratio. The analysis reveals diverse return on investment (ROI) trends across banks, with NIMBL initially showing high ROI followed by a drop, SBL and SBI displaying substantial increases, and NABIL and HBL maintaining stable ROI. Net Interest Margin (NIM) analysis shows varying profitability, while monetary policy indicators exhibit diverse and occasionally fluctuating values, influencing borrowing costs and liquidity. Correlation analysis identifies positive associations between NIM, M2, and ROI and negative correlations with TBR and CRR. Regression analysis emphasizes the significance of CRR, IRS, and M2 in impacting ROI. The study concludes that the cash reserve ratio, bank rate, and investment in treasury bills affect Nepalese commercial banks' profitability. Recommendations include managing the cash reserve ratio, maintaining low bank rates, encouraging treasury bill investment, and minimizing the statutory liquidity ratio to enhance profitability. Implications suggest that effective management of monetary policy instruments can improve banks' profitability. Future research could explore additional profitability indicators, expand the sample size and observation years, include other financial institutions, and employ a mixed-method approach for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of monetary policy instruments on bank profitability.
Diagnostic Utility of Bone Marrow Aspiration Cytology- A Hospital Based Prospective Study at Nepalgunj Medical College
Authors: Adhikari Milan , Ghimire Pragya Gautam , Shrestha Richa , Baidya Pooja , Rayamajhi Asmita
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Hematological disorders are common in all age groups and are worldwide in distribution. At times, routine hematological tests are not sufficient to diagnose blood disorders. Bone marrow examination serves as an important diagnostic aid to evaluate various neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematological diseases.

Aims: To study role of Bone Marrow Aspiration Cytology in diagnosing hematological disorders.

Methods: This is a one-year hospital based prospective study done at Department of Pathology, NGMC, Kohalpur. It included 34 cases subjected to Bone marrow aspiration cytology. Correlation with Peripheral Blood Smear, Reticulocyte count, pearls iron stain and other parameters were done before giving the final diagnosis.

Results: Age of patients ranged from 10-82 years with equal gender distribution. Common indications for Bone marrow examination were pancytopenia (50%), followed by Anemia and Thrombocytopenia. Megaloblastic Anemia (n=10,29%) was the commonest Anemia followed by mixed nutritional deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia. Hematological Malignancy accounted for six cases, of which Acute Myeloid Leukemia was diagnosed in two cases. Infectious causes comprised of two cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis and one case of Bone Marrow Tuberculosis.

Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration cytology serves as an important adjunct in diagnosing hematological disorders. More reproducible results are obtained if bone marrow biopsy is done in conjucntion with aspiration cytology.
Analysis of Cesarean Section using Robsons classification at Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Yadav Siddhartha Kumar , Yadav Indra , Pradhan Tarun , Deo Amit , Dhamala Jibanath , Regmi Upendra Krishna , Yadav Mukesh , Jyoti Sabita
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Cesarean section is an operative procedure for delivery of fetus and placenta by making an incision over abdomen and uterus after period of viability.
Aims: The aim of study is to analyze rate of cesarean section and perform an analysis based on Robsons ten group classification.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a teaching hospital of eastern Nepal, over a period of one year from October 2022 to September 2023. All details regarding demography, obstetric history, medical history, labor status, indication of cesarean section, etc. were collected. Then all pregnant ladies were assigned to one of Robsons ten group classification systems and recorded into labor confinement book. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Descriptive statistical tools were used to express the results. All tests were done with a significance level of 5% (p-value <0.05) and 95% confidence Interval.
Results: The overall rate of cesarean section was 1,829(46.93%). Majority 1323(72.30%) were in age group 20-30 years. Maximum 1,629(89.10%) delivered at>37 weeks of gestation. Majority 789(43.10%) of cases had lower segment cesarean section because of previous cesarean delivery. According to Robsons classification system, Group 5 has highest cesarean section rate 725 (39.60%) followed by Group 2(A+B), 334(18.21%).
Conclusion: Implementing Robsons Ten Group Classification System at our setting has helped us to identify major contributor of overall cesarean section rate. Group 5 was at top followed by group 2. Thus with adequate trial of labor after cesarean, proper labor monitoring and judicious use of induction protocol can significantly reduce rate of cesarean section.
Uterine Cervix Rhabdomyosarcoma : A Case Report
Authors: Sinha Kavita , Adhikari Home Nath , Baidya Pooja
Published: February 2024

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that arises from embryonal skeletal muscle cells. It is responsible for 3% of cancer cases among children aged from 0 to 14 and 1% among adolescent and young adult aged from 15 to 19. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most prevalent subtype in the female genital tract and Botryoid sarcomas being a polypoid variant. In young patients, the majority of genital tract rhabdomyosarcomas occur in vagina; however, the most common site being cervix followed by uterine corpus, in adults. We hereby report a case of 24 years lady P2L2 diagnosed as Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma with evidence of anaplasia without extrauterine metastasis. Embryonal cervical rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor and its typical manifestations are vaginal bleeding and a pelvic mass. However, attention should also be paid to any abnormal vaginal discharge in young unmarried women. Diagnosis of pure rhabdomyosarcoma in uterus involves perfect sampling and histopathological evaluation.
शोधपत्र लेखन: सैद्धान्तिक र व्यावहारिक पक्षहरू {Dissertation Writing: Theoretical and Practical Aspects}
Authors: मिश्र Mishra नरेन्द्र Narendra
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख स्नातकोत्तर तहको वार्षिक प्रणाली अन्तर्गतको शोधपत्र लेखनसँग सम्बन्धित छ । त्यसैले यो लेखको उद्देश्य स्नातकोत्तर तहको वार्षिक प्रणाली अन्तर्गत शोधपत्र लेखनको सैद्धान्तिक र व्यावहारिक पक्षहरूको वर्णन गर्नुका साथै शोधपत्र लेखनको विषयगत प्रवृत्तिको परीक्षण, शोधपत्र लेखनमा आइपर्ने समस्या र त्यसको समाधानका उपायहरूको खोजी गर्नु रहेको छ । जसका लागि रत्न राज्यलक्ष्मी क्याम्पसको समाजशास्त्र तथा मानवशास्त्र विभागमा स्तानकोत्तर तहको वार्षिक प्रणाली अन्तर्गत मौखिक परीक्षा (भाइभा) सम्पन्न भई स्वीकृत भएका शोधपत्रहरूको अभिलेखलाई प्राथमिक स्रोतको आधार मानिएको छ । त्यसैले प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कहरूलाई वर्णनात्मक ढाँचाको प्रयोग गरी व्याख्या तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । निष्कर्षमा, शोधपत्र लेखनको प्रवृत्तिमा सम्बन्धित विषयवस्तुको तथ्याङ्क उपलब्धता, विषयवस्तुप्रतिको रुचि, शोध निर्देशकसँगको शैक्षिक अन्तरक्रिया र समसामयिक विषयवस्तुले शोध शीर्षकको छनौटलाई निर्धारण गरेको पाइयो। साथै, शोधार्थीहरूमा शैक्षिक उपाधि हासिल गर्ने उत्सुकता, नयाँ ज्ञान प्राप्ति र सो ज्ञानलाई आफ्नो शोधपत्रमा सरल र सहज रूपमा प्रस्तुतीकरण गर्नका लागि पनि रुचि भएको पाइयो। अर्कोतर्फ सैद्धान्तिक विषयवस्तुको ज्ञानमा कमि, सम्बन्धित शैक्षिक निर्देशिका र ढाँचाप्रतिको अन्यौल, समय अनुकूलतामा व्यावहारिक समस्याका साथै प्रशासनिक प्रक्रियामा पनि केही समस्या भएको पाइयो।
Verbal and non-verbal communication in sports games (on the example of football)
Authors: Deineko I. , Kostenko M. , Shvets S.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of our research is to explain the actions of the player in the conditions of extremely limited time for effective interaction during the game. Verbal communication in football is becoming more predictable and the opponent quickly adapts to it. So, ideally, players should communicate with each other non-verbally in order to be more unpredictable for the opponent.

The football exercises we offer can help improve interactions, both with and without the ball. They can be used both to improve communication in youth football teams and for their technical and tactical actions.

We propose to put into the football context: non-verbal communication with teammates and opponents is the most important source of information for players.

Even in our research, we pay attention to the importance of visual perception during the game, which is important information when training football players.

Combining verbal and non-verbal communication methods, we will be able to provide information to players on the football field, which will help them make decisions faster and better both during and outside the game.

Such spatial relationships between teammates, the coach, the opponent and the referee create new prospects for training in football and the application of new methodological forms in the training process.
Benefits and risk of using crossfit training to the process of physical training of military specialists
Authors: Lebediev S. , Koval S. , Nasonkina O. , Abdula A. , Yefremenko A.
Published: February 2024

The physical preparation of military personnel remains a pertinent focus of scientific inquiry in the development of a contemporary army. This necessitates the exploration of effective fitness training approaches that contribute to crafting an efficient methodology for the physical readiness of military specialists. CrossFit emerges as a popular and effective direction capable of addressing this challenge. Analysis has permitted the synthesis of information about the essence of CrossFit as a high-intensity method of physical training, highlighting its advantages in enhancing the physical fitness and functional readiness of military personnel. Despite the potential benefits and accessibility of CrossFit, caution is warranted regarding its integration into the military’s physical training system due to the heightened risk of injuries, which could impact the quality of their professional duties. Therefore, a meticulous examination of CrossFit training specifics is imperative, taking into account the unique demands and fitness requirements of military personnel. The availability of CrossFit exercises enables the creation of flexible training programs using block planning within a macrocycle duration. This facilitates the al ternating focus of training and the comprehensive execution of military physical training tasks. Implementing CrossFit in military physical training should consider the peculiarities of the profession and the contextual conditions, adhering to safety protocols during exercise execution. This necessitates careful attention to mastering the rational technique of exercises. The selection of training modes should align with the training objectives and the current functional status and fitness level of military personnel. Overall, CrossFit proves to be an effective tool for physical training, with successful integration possible if methodological adherence is maintained, thereby unlocking its advantages for addressing the physical training needs of the army.
Classification of athletes with disorders of mental and physical development
Authors: Maziar Volodymyr , Griban Gryhoriy
Published: February 2024

The article reveals the problematic issues of selecting athletes with mental and physical disabilities to participate in official all-Ukrainian and international Paralympic sports competitions. It has been established that the solution to this problem prompts the study of the peculiarities of the classification of athletes with mental and physical disabilities in order to allow them to compete. It has been proven that one of the best means of strengthening mental and physical health is physical education. For people with disabilities, this is an adaptive sport, which is aimed at the formation of athletic skills in people with mental disabilities and their achievement of high results in various types of sports. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the classification of athletes with mental and physical disabilities according to the existing international rules for specific types of sports. The minimum classification standard for admission to competitions in athletics, table tennis and swimming for athletes with mental and physical disabilities has been developed, intended for national application level during the all-Ukrainian qualifying and final competitions, All-Ukrainian Spartakiade among children with disabilities “Believe in yourself”, Ukrainian table tennis championships and cups in accordance with the Virtus guidelines. The minimum classification standard takes into account the specifics of the procedure of psychological classification of athletes with mental and physical disabilities which is carried out on the basis of current documents and Virtus recommendations. The minimum classification standard allows to algorithmize the classification procedure of athletes with mental and physical disabilities taking into account its crucial importance for determining the right to participate in competitions.