bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Robust Spline Filter Algorithm Based on M-Estimate Theory
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Jing , Hua Jin , Cheng Yu Zhu
Published: March 2013

In surface assessment, the reference line extracted using the profile filter are always distorted by freak characteristics of the scratches and peaks of the profile. In order to overcome this problem, the robust spline filter and the Gaussian regression filter were recommended by ISO standards. However, their different algorithms and different filtering characteristics lead to the different mean lines for the assessment of the same surface. A novel robust spline filter based on the M-estimate theory is developed, which possesses the same filtering characteristic as the Gaussian regression filter. It is available for use and transfer of the international standards, as well as the comparison of the surface assessment results.
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm Based on Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Global Optimization
Authors: Li Ling , Mai Xiong Fa
Published: March 2013

Bacterial Foraging Optimization(BFA) algorithm has recently emerged as a very powerful technique for real parameter optimization,but the E.coli algorithm depends on random search directions which may lead to delay in reaching the global solution.The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm may lead to possible entrapment in local minimum solutions. In order to overcome the delay in optimization and to further enhance the performance of BFA,a bacterial foraging algorithm based on QPSO(QPSO-BFA) is presented.The new algorithm is proposed to combines both algorithms’ advantages in order to get better optimization values. Simulation results on eight benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the BFA,QPSO and BF-PSO.
Dielectric Relaxation and Reliability of Al2O3-HfO2-Al2O3 Sandwiched Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitor
Authors: Kwak Ho Young , Kwon Hyuk Min , Kwon Sung Kyu , Jang Jae Hyung , Sung Seung Yong , Lim Su , Lee Hi Deok
Published: March 2013

. In this paper, dielectric relaxation and reliability of high capacitance density metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor using Al2O3-HfO2-Al2O3 sandwiched structure were analyzed. It is shown that multilayer MIM capacitor provides high capacitance density and low dissipation factor at room temperature. The dielectric relaxation voltage shows little dependence on the capacitor area. The capacitance density (C0) increases and quadratic voltage coefficient (α) decreases as a function of stress time under constant voltage stress (CVS) because of the charge trapping effect in the high-k dielectric.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoscale Fe/Ni Alloy Particles by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Cao Yang , Gu Ning , Zhang Jing Lin
Published: March 2013

Nanoscale Fe/Ni alloy particles have been synthesized by hydrothermal method in this study. The influences of various reaction temperatures on the properties and morphologies were studied. The structure of Fe/Ni alloy nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR. Additional, the magnetic and electrical properties were also studied to obtain the optimum reaction condition. It would provide the foundation to the study about the synthesis and performance of iron-based nanoscale alloy powder.
Morphology of PANI on Paper
Authors: Yan Jin Hua , Wang Yong Gang
Published: March 2013

Polyaniline-paper composite is prepared on a paper template by interfacial polymerization. Using SEM and FESEM, the morphology of PANI on fiber and pores between fibers are inspected based on different polymerization. The flake shape of PANI is formed on fiber surface at the beginning due to electrostatic attraction, while the granular is growing on the pores freely. This flake shape on fiber is changed with 3rd polymerization into granular. When the resistivity is below 100cm/S, linear PANI in pores is growing to the fiber nearby, and PANI network formed. The morphology also confirmed that PANI on fiber only remains on the upside not fully covered surface of fiber. Very few PANI is found inside paper substrate by cross section SEM. The method is discussed also with polyaniline-fiber composite polymerization and in-site paper polymerization.
Machining Conditions Effect to Machining Temperature and Forces in Orthogonal Machining of Bone
Authors: Kurniawan Denni , Jiawkok N. , Noordin M.Y.
Published: March 2013

Bone machining processes are often performed in orthopaedic surgery and dental implantation, yet its analytical study is lacking. Towards contributing analysis on bone machining, this study reviews available references on orthogonal machining of bones. Considering the allowable limit in temperature and duration during bone machining to avoid thermal necrosis, machining temperature and forces are the machining responses of interest. Machining conditions (cutting speed, depth of cut, cooling method, tool geometry, and cutting direction) are analyzed in term of their effect to those machining responses.
Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using ZnO-Natural Dyes from Sappan Wood, Noni Leaves, Safflower and Black Rice
Authors: Magaraphan Rathanawan , Joothamongkhon Jaruwan
Published: March 2013

Four natural dyes from sappan wood, noni leaves, safflower and black rice show 4 different colors, red, green, yellow and dark purple. They were extracted by water/ethanol and used as a sensitizer for the ZnO based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). UV-Visible absorption revealed high extinction coefficients of the safflower, noni leaves and sappan wood while the black rice was opposite. And they were adsorbed on ZnO nanoparticles as suggested by the change in absorption spectrum of ZnO. SEM results showed the ZnO nanoparticle-porous film of 9 micron thick. I-V measurement showed both low short circuit current and open circuit voltage leading to poor fill factor. As a result, the efficiencies of the fabricated solar cells were 0.00165, 0.05865, 0.00007 and 0.00015% for sappan wood, noni leaves, safflower and black rice DSSCs, respectively.
Effects of Grinding Parameters on Creep Feed Grinding
Authors: Bi X.F.
Published: March 2013

Creep feed grinding can obtain an excellent grinding performance for its creep feed with high depth of cutting. However the large contact length and large feed result in large amount of heat accumulating in working zone and cause burn on workpiece surface. A series of grinding tests are performed to obtain burn variation with grinding parameters using different grinding wheel and workpiece in this paper. Grinding energy is also recorded and used to evaluate the influence of grinding parameter on burn.
Numerical Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer during Filling Process Based on SPH Method
Authors: Cao Wen Jiong , Yang De Zhi , Lu Xin Wei , He Yi , Zhou Zhao Yao
Published: March 2013

Expected to the non-grid characteristics and pure Lagrangian properties of SPH, the simulation of casting’s filling process would be simpler and precise. In this study, the implementations of SPH method are studied for liquid metal flow and heat transfer during the filling process. The temperature based thermophysical parameters are fitted and add into flow-heat coupling program. The temperature recovery method is included to consider the effect of latent heat. The validation of one-directional heat transfer problem shows that the SPH results have good agreement with the analytical results. The maximum relative error is less than 3%. Finally a circular part is calculated and proved that the SPH model used here works well and has enough precision to capture the behavior of the filling process.
Design Reliability Assessment on the Railway Wagon Axle with 30 Ton Axle Weigh
Authors: Xue A.S. , Zhao Y.X. , Du B.B.
Published: March 2013

Design reliability of the railway wagon axle with 30 ton axle weigh is assessed on a basis of the code EN 13103 loads set. Constraint effects of the interference fits between wheels – axle and bearings – axle are taken into account. Integrated wheelset model of finite element method is applied to calculate the axle stresses, in which the rail pieces, wheels, axle, bearings, and adapters are fitted and analyzed together. Results reveal that the maximum stress section is at outer side close to wheel seat, different from the prediction of inner side close to wheel seat by the code analytic method. Under requirement of 3, 000, 000 km and 99 percentage of confidence, the evaluated axle design reliability is 0.9987 if manufacturing by the existent LZ50 axle steel. And if by the material EA1N or EA4T of the code EN 13103, the present design meets also the requirement of the code EN 13103.
Design on the Drag Reduction Surface of an Arc-Shaped Revolution Body with the Phyllotactic Pattern
Authors: Huang Hai Peng , Lu Yu Shan , Wang Jun
Published: March 2013

In order to resolve the theorized design problems on the bionic non-smooth drag reduction surface of an arc-shaped revolution body, which mainly include the structure morphology and spatial arrangement of the non-smooth point, a kind of designing method on the bionic non-smooth drag reduction surface is presented based on biological phyllotactic theory, and the mathematical equation of the arrangement of the non-smooth point on the arc-shaped drag reduction surface has been established, the effects of the phyllotactic parameters on the arrangement form and density of the non-smooth point have been discussed, and the arrangement of the non-smooth point on an arc-shaped revolution body surface has been designed by using a 3D software. Research results have shown that the arrangement density of the non-smooth points increases with the decreasing of the phyllotactic coefficient, and the area ratio of the no-smooth point to the surface of revolution body increases with the geometric parameter of the non-smooth point.
Design and Fabrication of the Lubricating Dimple of the Headface Sliding Bearing with Phyllotactic Pattern
Authors: Lu Yu Shan , Liu Hong Peng
Published: March 2013

In order to improve the lubricating performance of the headface sliding bearing, a new kind of the bionic headface sliding bearing, which has defined lubricating dimple pattern, has been designed based on the phyllotactic theory, and fabricated with UV lithography method and electrolytic technology. A electrolytic experiment of the dimple has been done and analyzed about the influence of the electrolytic time to the electrolytic depth against the different phyllotactic parameters. The analytical results indicate that the phyllotactic parameters influence the lubricating dimple arrangement configuration, so as to improve lubricating performance of the bearing. The increasing diameter of the dimple and the decreasing phyllotactic parameter c can increase the density of the lubricating dimple. Electrolytic experimental results show that the reasonable electrolytic fabricating can reduce the faults of defined lubricating dimple arrangement on the bearing surface.
Study on Watercraft Driving Simulator
Authors: Hu Ding Jun , Liu Ming , Gong Lin
Published: March 2013

This article describes the overall structure of the watercraft simulator. The simulator simulates the battle positions of a certain type of landing craft equipment operation, using state-of-the-art visual display and stereoscopic projection technology. Communicate with the computer simulation device through the data acquisition card (AM9110), visual 3D modeling software (3D MAX / Studio, MultiGen, etc.) to complete, three-dimensional projection system to the edge of fusion technology, and edge blending processor and projector with used to form the big-resolution three-dimensional visual field. The results show that the 225° annular three-dimensional visual field and visual field 135 ° 360 ° visual field watercrafts realistic driving simulator training and good features.
3-D Modeling the Magnetic Field due to Ocean Tidal Flow O1
Authors: Xu Yan , Xu Jun , Zhu Wei Hua , Feng Xia , Xie Hai Yan
Published: March 2013

The tidal motion of the ocean water through the ambient magnetic field, generates secondary electric and magnetic field. The magnetic fields generated by the diurnal (O1) ocean flow can be clearly detected. We simulate the magnetic signals for tidal constituents –diurnal (O1) tides. The idea of exploiting tidal signals for EM studies of the Earth is not new, but so far it was used only for interpretation of inland and transoceanic magnetic field data due to O1. Emphasis in this work is made on a discussion of sea bottom electric field of the same origin.
Load Curve Analysis and Load Errors Modeling of Long Span and Heavy Load Crossbeam
Authors: Yang Wen Tong , Luo Rui , Lu Huai Qing , Cheng Qiang , Gu Pei Hua
Published: March 2013

An approach in obtaining the load curve and load errors of long span and heavy load crossbeam is proposed in this paper. The load curve is achieved based on the finite element analysis method, and a method for load errors modeling is constructed based on the load curve and geometric relation. This method can provide a theoretical basis for the machine precision modeling based on multi-body dynamics.
Development of a Hybrid Life Cycle Cost Model for Estimating Product Design Alternatives in Cloud Computing Based Collaborative Design Environment
Authors: Kwon Hong Kyu , Seo Kwang Kyu
Published: March 2013

In a competitive and globalized business environment, the need for the sustainable product development becomes stronger. To meet these trends, the total cost during the product life cycle, called life cycle cost (LCC), should be considered as an important factor in new product development. In this paper, a hybrid life cycle cost model (HLCCM) is developed as a hybrid life cycle cost system (HLCCS) to estimate the cost performance of product design alternatives. It aims at improving the cost performance of products using genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks which consist of high-level product attributes and LCC results. The framework incorporated HLCCM is proposed in cloud computing based collaborative design environment and allows users to estimate the product data and other related information on a wide variety of application. This paper presents approximate LCC estimation of product design alternatives represented by solid models in cloud computing based collaborative design environment.
Mariculture Zones Extraction Using NDWI and NDVI
Authors: Pan Hong Jun , Li Xue Xian , Wang Guang Wei , Qi Chong Song
Published: March 2013

On the analysis of spectral characteristics of Aoshan remote sensing images, we find the spectral differences between mariculture zones and other surface features. This paper combines normalized difference water index with mariculture zones distribution planning to complete the extraction and the statistics of the mariculture zones, in order to effectively achieve the regulation of mariculture zones.
Research on the Integrated Management System of Supply Chain Based on Mobile E-Commerce Environment
Authors: Zhao Wan Mei , Luo Yu Hong
Published: March 2013

This article first introduces the development Status of Supply Chain management based on Mobile E-commerce environment, analyzes the benefits of the Supply Chain management to the operation of the node enterprises in current environment of information technology based on the Mobile E-commerce, gives a description to the building, operation and model innovation of the Integrated Supply Chain management system based on Mobile E-commerce, proposes the problems of the supply chain management model based on Mobile E-commerce and puts forward some targeted solutions.
Multi-Objective Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm for the Control of Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Xu Zhi Dan , Mo Hong Wei , Xu Zhi Jie , Zhang Jian Qin
Published: March 2013

A novel multi-objective biogeography-based optimization algorithm (MBBO) is proposed and is applied to tune the parameters of PID controllers for robotic manipulator. In MBBO, a new migration operator with disturbance term is put forward to ensure the convergence of the population and promote the diversity of solutions. Simulation results on PID control for robotic manipulator show that the PID controllers tuned by MBBO have better reference tracking performance in closed loop.
Study on the Brush Plating Technology of Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Li Jian Xia , Wang Liang Cai
Published: March 2013

This article is based on the magnesium alloy brush plating which is pretreated only by electro cleaning and not by activating. The process for brush plating mending of scratched surface of magnesium alloys parts which isn’t pretreated not only by electro cleaning and but also by activating is introduced．The merits of the technology that the plating is directly carried out after gluing the conductor colloid are discussed.
Study on LDPC Coded SFH System with Multi-Tone Interference
Authors: Jia Lu Liang , Liu Ai Jun , Guo Dao Xing , Chao Gong
Published: March 2013

Low-Density Parity-Check code, for its admiring performance which is close to the Shannon limit, has attracted large attention in anti-jamming systems. In this paper, we studied the LDPC coded slow frequency-hopping (SFH) system and analyzed its performance with Multi-tone Interference (MTI). Three modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK) are adopted in the system. Especially for 8PSK, we compared the performance of two different soft-decision demodulation schemes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Also, the influences of code rate, code length, modulation scheme and jamming mode are analyzed and examined, respectively. Finally, some valuable guidelines for designing LDPC coded SFH system are proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that a desirable performance can be achieved with the appropriately designed LDPC in SFH system.
An Improved Ad Hoc Network Communication Based on Cluster
Authors: Zhai Yan , Wei Xing , Liu Lei , Wu Liao Yuan
Published: March 2013

In order to tackle the data transmission bottlenecks of the gateway node in clustering Ad hoc Networks, the paper proposes a communication method. Firstly, DMAC (Distributed and Mobility-Adaptive Clustering) algorithm and Omni-directional antenna is well introduced and discussed. Then the ICMMDA (The Inter-cluster Communication Method based on Directional Antennas) policy building virtual channels between two hops away cluster-head and using directional antenna is brought about. Lastly, the simulation shows that the method can reduce the end-to-end delay between two clusters and improve the network throughput.
Scale and Orientation Adaptive Moving Object Tracking in a Sequence of Imageries
Authors: Ren Zi Cheng , Choi Jaeho , Ahmed M. , Choi Jae Ho
Published: March 2013

Object tracking has been researched for many years as an important topic in machine learning, robot vision and many other fields. Over the years, various tracking methods are proposed and developed in order to gain a better tracking effect. Among them the mean-shift algorithm turns out to be robust and accurate compared other algorithms after different kinds of tests. But due to its limitations, the changes in scale and rotational motion of an object cannot be effectively processed. This problem occurs when the object of interest moves towards or away from the video camera. Improving over the previously proposed method such as scale and orientation adaptive mean shift tracking, which performs well with scaling change but not for the rotation, in this paper, the proposed method modifies the continuously adaptive mean shift tracking method so that it can handle effectively for changes in size and rotation in motion, simultaneously. The simulation results yield a successful tracking of moving objects even when the object undergoes scaling in size and rotation in motion in comparison to the conventional ones.
SLA (Service Level Agreement) Driven Orchestration Based New Methodology for Cloud Computing Services
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Hong Zhu , Aimaier Nueraimaiti , Li Zhu Guo
Published: March 2013

Cloud Computing is not a revolution; it’s an evolution of computer science and technology emerging by leaps and bounds, in order to merge all computer science tools and technologies. Cloud Computing technology is hottest to do research and explore new horizons of next generations of Computer Science. There are number of cloud services providers (Amazon EC2), Rackspace Cloud, Terremark and Google Compute Engine) but still enterprises and common users have a number of concerns over cloud service providers. Still there is lot of weakness, challenges and issues are barrier for cloud service providers in order to provide cloud services according to SLA (Service Level agreement). Especially, service provisioning according to SLAs is core objective of each cloud service provider with maximum performance as per SLA. We have identified those challenges issues, as well as proposed new methodology as “SLA (Service Level Agreement) Driven Orchestration Based New Methodology for Cloud Computing Services”. Currently, cloud service providers are using “orchestrations” fully or partially to automate service provisioning but we are trying to integrate and drive orchestration flows from SLAs. It would be new approach to provision cloud service and deliver cloud service as per SLA, satisfying QoS standards.
Quantum Confinement of GaAs Nanocrystals Deposited on PMMA Microspheres Using Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: Ryu Jeong Ho , Kweon Soon Yong , Lee Jung Il , Ryu Sung Lim
Published: March 2013

A modified pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was employed to deposit GaAs nanocrystals on the surface of PMMA microspheres. This novel approach is distinguished by the fact that laser ablated materials are deposited uniformly onto the surface of spherical particles that are held constantly in a particle fludization unit. The XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, EDP and PL results confirmed that cubic structured GaAs nanocrystals were deposited uniformly on the surface of PMMA microspheres with an average diameter of about 15 nm.
Progress in Recycling of Plastic Packaging Wastes
Authors: He Quan Guo , Huang Chun Yan , Chang Hao , Nie Li Bo
Published: March 2013

The plastic packaging accounts for great proportion in the packaging industry, resulting in great confrontation and challenge for global carbon reduction development because of the plastic packaging wastes (PPW) generation. Thus the fully reasonable utilization of the PPW presents a positive strategy. Based on the international practical policy and demand of PPW management, the article classified the recycling and separation technology, and the reuse and utilization disposal approaches of the PPW. Firstly, it defined the PPW’s source, classification and chemical composition, focusing on the recycling and separation technology principles and practices. Then it discussed several PPW disposal approaches emphasizing on the recycling, and summarized the principles and practices of mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and energy recycling and biodegradable utilization on the PPW. Finally, it presented a suggestion on recycling and utilization of PPW.
Effects of Particle Size of Copper on the Electrical Property and Hardness of Copper/Graphite/Carbon Fiber/Phenolic Resin Composites
Authors: Li Mi Dan , Lu Yao , Feng Lu Lu , Niu Huan , Kong Ya Wen
Published: March 2013

Composites made from phenolic resin are filled with conductive filler mixtures containing copper powders, natural graphite powders and carbon fibers. They are fabricated by compression molding technique. The density, electrical conductivity and hardness of composite are analyzed to determine the influence of copper particle size on the physical, electrical and mechanical properties of composite. It is found that there is a marked dependence of the electrical conductivity and hardness on copper particle size. The hardness decreases with the decreasing of copper particle size. However the electrical conductivity increases with the decreasing of copper particle size. The decreasing of copper particle size from 75 µm to 48 µm promotes a considerable increase in electrical conductivity by about 427%. The increased continuous conductive metal networks could be the main reason for the increasing of electrical conductivity as copper particle size decreases. The results also show that composites containing copper particles of different sizes have the nearly same density.
SO3H-Functionalized Ionic Liquids-Catalyzed Facile and Efficient Procedure for Fischer Indole Synthesis under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Tao Li Li , Jiang Jing , Pan Ye Chu , Yang Xin , Li Bai Lin
Published: March 2013

A facile and efficient synthesis of indole has been developed using ketones or cyclohexandiones with aryhydrazine hydrochlorides in 85% to 95% yields in water under ultrasound irradiation in the presence of Novel SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) catalyst. Simple work-up procedure, environmentally friendly, inexpensive and non-toxic catalyst, shorter reaction times along with excellent product yields are the significant features of this practical method.
Arbitrary Structures Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Milling
Authors: Jiang Xiao Xiao , Wang Feng Wen , Ma Zhen He , Gu Qiong Chan , Lv Jiang Tao , Si Guang Yuan
Published: March 2013

Optical components at the nanoscale are crucial for developing photonics and integrated optics. Device with ultrasmall dimensions is of particular importance for nanoscience and electronic technology. Among all the manufacturing tools, the focused ion beam is a critical candidate for machining and processing optical devices at the nanoscale. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of nanodevices with arbitrary shapes and different potential applications using focused ion beam techniques.
Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of GdF3:Eu3+, NaGdF4:Eu3+ Materials
Authors: Wang Li Li , Liu Lian Li , Xu Qian , Sun Tong , Gu Wan Na
Published: March 2013

The GdF3:Eu3+and NaGdF4:Eu3+powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method as raw material of Gd2O3, Eu2O3, NaF, NH4HF2, EDTA and polyethylene glycol. The powders were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, SEM microscopy and Molecular fluorescence photometer. It was discussed that the pH value of aqueous solution had affection on the phase composition of synthesized powders. The complex fluorides GdF3and NaGdF4were synthesized in aqueous solution at the pH values between 3 and 6. The synthesized powders were single hexagonal phase of NaGdF4 crystal at pH=8. It was also found that different fluorescence properties were exhibited by Eu3+doping powders synthesized at different pH values of aqueous solution. The synthesized powders of GdF3and NaGdF4were excellent fluorescence materials.
Fundamental Study on Needleless Electrospinning Based on Metal (Card) Clothing
Authors: Liu Yan Bo , Zhang Ze Ru , Li Peng Cheng , Thavasi Velmurugan
Published: March 2013

This paper discloses a method for producing nanofibers by a needleless electrospinning process based on the metal (card) clothing. 20% w/w polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution was employed to demonstrate the feasibility of this new electrospinning technology. Different types of metal clothing were used to produce PVA nanofibers under different voltages in the experiments; theoretical analysis of this new electrospinning method was also carried out to understand the experimental results. The results indicated the great potential for scaling up this new avenue for producing nanofibers through electrospinning, especially when medium sized clothing was used in the new process.
Carbon Nanotubes Supported Pt Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Yin Shi Bin , Zhu Qiang Qiang , Yang Li Xiang , Qiang Ying Huai , Huang Fei , Luo Lin
Published: March 2013

An efficient method for functionalizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is reported, which combined HF corrosion with sulfuric acid and nitric acid for further oxidation. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are employed to investigate the physic-properties of the prepared catalysts. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods are used to study the performance of the prepared catalysts. CNTs further treated with H2SO4 and HNO3 mixed solutions with the volume ratio of 1 to 3, heating at 100 oC for 2 h, used as catalysts supports exhibit significantly improved performance towards ethanol oxidation in alkaline solutions in comparison with other decorated CNTs. The reason could be attributed to the oxygen-contain functional groups on CNTs surface can efficiently improve the interaction between CNTs and metallic particles in catalysts.
Highly Active K2Ti6O13 Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Qi Yu Min , Cui Chun Xiang , Xiao Jian Guo , Liu Shuang Jin , Ma Bai Hui
Published: March 2013

Novel K2Ti6O13 nanowires were successfully synthesized by a new method， that is sol-gel/ hydrothermal combined method. The crystal structure and morphology of the products were characterized by a series of methods including XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM. The results indicate that the products synthesized are K2Ti6O13 nanowires. The diameter is about 5nm, and its length is in the range of from a few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. The TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via a sol-gel method, as hydrothermal reaction precursors, play an important decisive role on the diameter of K2Ti6O13 nanowires and the hydrothermal reaction rate. Photocatalytic degradation of MB in presence of the K2Ti6O13 nanowires was compared with that in presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that the nanowires have better photocatalytic activity.
Texture Characterization of Low- and Full-Fat Cheese Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus during Ripening Process
Authors: Zhao Rui Xiang , Sun Hua Di , Niu Sheng Yang , Zhao Li Li
Published: March 2013

The value of Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and microstructure of low- and full-fat cheese, fermented by L. acidophilus as starter culture and Str. Thermophilus as adjunct cultures, were changed after ripening for 90 d at 4 °C. The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of low-fat cheese were higher than that of full-fat cheese, while the springiness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness were less than that of full-fat cheese. The structure of low-fat cheese after ripening was more tightening and compact, while that of full-fat cheese had a lot of cavity.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on Performance of Red Mud Lightweight Ceramsite
Authors: Ma Long , Li Guo Zhong
Published: March 2013

The red mud lightweight ceramsite was made by using red mud, fly ash and bentonite, mixed with a certain amount of pore-forming agent and cosolvent, through the roasting process. Influence of sintering temperature to red mud ceramsite was studied. The microscopic morphology of red mud lightweight ceramsite damage fracture was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope and the roasting mechanism was investigated preliminarily. The results show that for the best sample, its apparent density is 724kg/m3, its bulk density is 574kg/m3; its cylinder compressive strength is 5.5Mpa, the water absorption is 8.6%.
Influences of Different Waterproofing Agents on Water Resistance of Foamed Cement
Authors: Du Chuan Wei , Li Guo Zhong
Published: March 2013

The rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement was used to prepare foamed cement by the chemical foaming method. The impact of organic and inorganic waterproofing agent on the water absorption, mechanical strength and softening coefficient of foamed cement were studied. The results showed that adding waterproofing agent could improve its foam structure and reduce the water absorption, improve its mechanical strength and softening coefficient, thus improving its water resistance; Organic waterproof agents had a better performance than inorganic waterproof agents. The mechanisms of action of different waterproofing agent were explored.
Application of Taguchi Methods and ANOVA in Optimization of Process Parameters for Surface Roughness of Fused Silica in the Magnetorheological Finishing Processes
Authors: Duan Wei Ran , Dai Yi Fan , Shu Yong , Sherrington Ian
Published: March 2013

Surface roughness plays an important role on optical performances for optics in high-energy laser systems. In this study, optical surface of fused silica were polished by the Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) processes. The polishing factors in term of Magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid) flow rate, polishing wheel rotational speed, electromagnet current, and polishing ribbon penetration depth, were carried out using an self-developed MRF machine to determine optimum conditions for surface roughness. The settings of the MRF processing parameters were determined by using Taguchi’s experimental design method. Taguchi’s orthogonal array, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to investigate the optimal processing parameters. The experimental results indicate that surface with smaller roughness could be machined under the conditions with slower rotating speed and higher flow rate and current, and nearly independent of penetration depth.
Effect of Grain Size on Structural and Optical Properties of CdO Thin Films Obtained by PLD
Authors: Zheng Bi Ju , Hu Wen
Published: March 2013

Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition from ablating Cd metallic targets. The effect of grain size on structural and optical properties of CdO thin films was studied in detail. The structural properties were determined by XRD and a cubic phase was present in all of the as-grown samples. The morphology of CdO ﬁlms has been investigated by atomic force microscopy. Grain sizes between 156 and 300 nm were determined from the AFM images and increased with laser energy density. The optical properties were studied measuring the transmittance spectra. The room-temperature bandgap energies for each sample were determined from the transmittance by extrapolating absorption coefﬁcient. The bandgap energy varies from 2.31 to 2.55 eV following closely the quantum conﬁnement dependence of energy against crystallite radius. This shows that the absorption edges of these samples are determined primarily by the grain sizes.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Microspheres with DDAPS as Template
Authors: Wu Shan Shan , Yao Qiu Ling , Lin Xiao Xuan , Liu Rong Fang , Xiao Xiu Feng
Published: March 2013

Flower-cluster-like hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres were synthesized through biomimetic method using Ca(NO3)2∙4H2O and (NH4)3PO4∙3H2O as reagents and N-Dodecyl-N, N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate(DDAPS) as template. With increasing the amount of DDAPS, the morphology of HA varies from irregular floccule-like to long-rod-like, then growth into flower cluster microspheres. The possible formation mechanism of morphology change is also discussed.
Three-Atom Entanglement Sudden Death and Birth in Cavity QED with the Influence of the Stark Shift
Authors: Wu Kun Hua , Huang Qing Feng , Zhang Xiao Qing
Published: March 2013

We investigate the entanglement dynamics in a quantum system consisting of three two-level atoms interacting with three spatially separated cavities with the influence of the Stark shift, and we can find that the entanglement sudden death (ESD) and birth (ESB) will be improved by adjusting the Stark parameters. When we choose the appropriate Stark parameters, the phenomena of ESD and ESB will be appeared, but, which will appear earlier than the other depends on the Stark-shift values.
Dual-Edge Triggered T Flip-Flop Structure Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Xiao Lin Rong , Xu Xiang , Ying Shi Yan
Published: March 2013

As an emerging nanotechnology, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has the potential to be used for next generation VLSI. Various designs of combinational logic circuits have been proposed for QCA implementation, but sequential circuit design is limited due to the lack of high-performance QCA flip-flops. After an introduction on QCA and dual-edge triggered (DET) flip-flops, a new QCA DET T flip-flop following a pulsed latch scheme is presented. The proposed T flip-flop is simulated using QCADesigner simulator and its logic functionality is verified. The same data throughput of the DET flip-flop can be achieved while operating at half the clock frequency of a single-edge triggered (SET) counterpart. The proposed flip-flop is promising in building QCA sequential circuits with low power and high performance.
Droplet Streaming and Nebulization Induced by the Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave
Authors: Pang Hua Feng , Fan Kai Min , Fu Yong Qing , Placido Frank , Ma Jin Yi , Zu Xiao Tao
Published: March 2013

Droplet streaming and nebulization on a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave device made of 36o Y-cut LiTaO3 have been reported. The streaming pattern inside the droplet is sensitive to the droplet shape, the position to the interdigital transducer, and the aperture size. Droplet nebulization was enhanced with the increased aperture size of the driven IDTs and mainly occurred in horizontal direction along two lateral sides of the droplet, which is perpendicular to the designed SAW propagation direction. The atomization duration increases with the droplet size and decreases with the driven power at a given droplet size. The maximum rate of the atomization is ~0.2 μL/s at an applied power of 6.7 W. This provides a simple and effective method of the integration of both bio-liquid sensing and fluid manipulation on a single substrate for lab-on-chip biosensing platform.
Compare Study between Planet Motion and Orbital Motion in CCOS
Authors: Shu Yong , Shi Feng , Duan Wei Ran , Li Sheng Yi
Published: March 2013

In order to get a profound understanding of planet motion and orbital motion in CCOS (Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing), a compare study between them was conducted here. The material removals of two motions under the same conditions were simulated and the removal of planet motion was higher than that of orbital motion. The figuring abilities of two motions were also studied through the theory of cut-off frequency and the result showed that planet motion had a higher cut-off frequency. Then two figuring runs which employ the planet motion and the orbital motion were simulated. The convergence rates and polishing times of these two runs were compared and the result showed that planet motion had a higher figuring efficiency. As planet motion has stronger figuring ability and higher figuring efficiency, it’s better to employ planet motion in CCOS to get higher convergence rate and higher accuracy when fabricating high quality mirrors.
The Simulation Analysis of Three-Axle Vehicle Comfort on Simulink
Authors: Tang Wei Lin , Sun Ning , Li Huan Yu
Published: March 2013

In this paper, to research the independent suspension system of three-axle vehicle ride comfort, developed a nine freedom model of vehicle dynamic. Utilized Lagrange method to derive the system vibration equation, absolute value of the center of mass acceleration metrics, computer simulation in time domain of the vehicle ride on D grade road that use the SIMULINK was carried out, analysis verify the correctness of model. To analyze the vehicle ride comfort by changing the distance between the triaxial in model, improve vehicle ride optimize reference.
Study on Biomechanical Properties of Quartz Fiber Reinforcd n-HA/PA66 Composites
Authors: Chen Shu Tian , Fan Xiao Xia , Yan Yong Gang
Published: March 2013

Quartz Fibre/nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66(QF/n-HA/PA66) composite was prepared by extrusion molding method. The QF is well dispersed in the nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 matrix and some interaction and new interface formed between QF and n-HA/PA66. Tensile strength, compressive strength and flexural strength of the 38wt%QF/n-HA/PA66 composite reached 81 MPa, 190 MPa and 195 MPa, which were higher than those of human cortical bone. Mechinical properties were improved with the increasing of QF content and QF well enhanced biomechanical properties of the composite. Based on the excellent biomechanical properties of composites, the long load-bearing thigh bone substitute was fabricated for tumour infected thigh bone patient.
Optimizing Design Alternation through Balancing Customer Satisfaction and Risk
Authors: Wang Lei , Ming Xin Guo , Kong Fan Bin
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a design solution selection methodology for product design is described. The described technique incorporates the customer satisfaction forecasting and design solution risk analysis into the process of evaluating alternatives for systems or sub-systems design solution, which enables the design of products by satisfying customer, technical, schedule, and financial requirements. Also, an additional comparison technique for comparing design solution alternatives is developed. In this technique, pair-wise comparisons are performed to measure the strength of one-to-one relationship between optimal solution and alternatives solution. An illustrative example demonstrates the application of our methodology to the design of a motorcycle system.
Cutting Parameter Optimization of Stability in Cylindrical Shell Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Chen Dong , Lin Bin , Han Zhi Lin , Zhang Yan Bin
Published: March 2013

For cylindrical shell, because of its structure characteristic (i.e. long and thin-walled), it has low stiffness, bad fabrication procedure. And it’s very easy to cause vibration in the cutting process, especially the type of regenerative vibration. So, it’s vital for the surface quality of work-piece and cutting stability to select cutting parameter reasonably. The paper proposed a dynamic optimization method, which aimed at maximization of material removal rate. This method could guarantee the maximum material removal rate under the condition of cutting stability based on Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSA). In the end, it verified the optimization results by the experiments.
Study on MnO2 Nanomaterials Catalyze Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+
Authors: Guo Wei Ling , Li En Zhong , Wang Hai Dou
Published: March 2013

MnO2 nano-materials can remarkably catalyze the electrochemical reduction reaction of O2, so MnO2 nano-materials can be used as catalysts for electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ in this paper. As a result, a novel cathodic ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ at positive potential of +0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was triggered by reactive oxygen species (HO2•- or OH•-) on an in situ electrodeposited MnO2 nano-structured electrode. Finally, catalytic mechanism of MnO2 nano-materials is deduced and provides a theoretical basis for preparing novel ECL Sensor with high sensitivity.
Isolation Effect Research about RFPS Seismic Isolating System on Bridges
Authors: Chen Hai Bin , Ge Nan
Published: March 2013

A balance equation was established for RFPS which in the general position, it derived from Alembert's principle and Static theory. Then make a bridge structure with RFPS bearings as an example calculated the dynamic response equation of the isolation system that under the action of earthquake. The solving program which based on MATLAB program was presented with Newmark–β time-history analysis method. Analysis and calculation results show that the isolation effect of RFPS bearings was very evident. Make an appropriate selection on slide radius and the rolling friction coefficient values can make the internal forces (shear forces) for piers exhibit a significant reduction to a great extent. Besides, the drift of longitudinal beam in horizontal direction and vertical direction would be both in the reasonable bounds.
Systematic Calibration Method for FOG Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Zheng Zhen Yu , Gao Yan Bin , He Kun Peng
Published: March 2013

As an inertial sensors assembly, the FOG inertial measurement unit (FIMU) must be calibrated before being used. The paper presents a one-time systematic IMU calibration method only using two-axis low precision turntable. First, the detail error model of inertial sensors using defined body frame is established. Then, only velocity taken as observation, system 33 state equation is established including the lever arm effects and nonlinear terms of scale factor error. The turntable experiments verify that the method can identify all the error coefficients of FIMU on low-precision two-axis turntable, after calibration the accuracy of navigation is improved.
Template-Free Synthesis of Hierarchical m-ZrO2 Nanorods and its Formation Mechanism
Authors: Huang Fei , Yan Ai Hua , Fu Zheng Yi , Zhang Fan , Qiang Ying Huai , Yin Shi Bin
Published: March 2013

Hierarchical ZrO2 nanorods have recently received considerable attention due to their special physical and chemical properties. However, traditional preparation methods are involved in expensive equipment, complicated process and high production cost. Here we report a simple hydrothermal approach to prepare hierarchical ZrO2 nanorod. The results show that as-synthesized products are composed of many nanorods with 80~150 nm in diameter and 15~20 μm in length. After annealing, the final product was involved into hierarchical monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) nanorods, namely, the big nanorod was made up of many small nanorods with 20~30 nm in diameter and 300~500 nm in length. The possible formation mechanism was proposed based on a series of chemical reactions and the natural properties of zirconium.
Utilization of Aquatic Weed for Environmental and Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Intarasawang Mana , Thamaphat Kheamrutai
Published: March 2013

In the present study, we demonstrated an effective cost and environmentally benign method to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aquatic weed namely water hyacinth as a reducing agent. Ultraviolet irradiation was also combined in the process to enhance the reaction rate. The aqueous silver ions mixed with water hyacinth leaf extract under UV irradiation were reduced to AgNPs. The mixture color was changed from light yellow to yellowish-brown color within 5 min due to excitation of surface plasmon vibrations in AgNPs. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs were found to be polycrystalline in nature and spherical particles with mean diameter of 12.54 ± 0.19 nm. The XRD pattern peaked at different diffraction angles corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes indicated that AgNPs have face-centered cubic (fcc) unit cell structure. This proposed method revealed that unwanted plant can utilize in nano-manufacturing as well.
BCM Municipal Wastewater Advanced Treatment New Technology
Authors: Wu Qi , Song Qian Wu , Jiang Le Yong , Dai Jin Guo , Wang Hong Liang , Li Zhi
Published: March 2013

BCM (Biology Cilium Magnetic) technology is a kind of municipal wastewater advanced treatment technology. By using high elastic cilia filler in the oxygen unit, the volume loading of oxygen unit has been greatly increased, and more solubility pollutants could be removed in the oxygen unit. The total phosphorus and suspended substance are deeply removed by magnetic separation coagulation system. The effect of BCM technology is that all pollutants indexes could reach to the first level A standard of GB18918-2002. BCM technology is suitable for AA/O, oxidation ditch and SBR process which needs to be upgraded from the first level B to the first level A standard. The high elastic cilia filler in oxygen unit doesn’t require extra land and extra air. The magnetic separation coagulation system only needs very small land. So BCM technology is suitable for municipal wastewater treatment in China.