bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS DIVERSOS GÊNEROS TEXTUAIS NA ALFABETIZAÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS DAS SÉRIES INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL l
Authors: DOS SANTOS DANIELA
Published: August 2021

Este artigo pretende demonstrar como é importante trabalhar com diversos gêneros textuais na sala de aula como recurso didático, principalmente nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental I. A metodologia da pesquisa está centrada em uma abordagem bibliográfica para o objetivo deste estudo e que fundamenta-se nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e em outros autores como Bakthin, Kleiman, Lerner, Marcuschi entre outros. O estudo levará, em consideração os pressupostos apresentados para o enriquecimento do trabalho, partindo da ideia de que o uso de tipologias textuais (Gêneros textuais) favorece a descoberta do gosto pela leitura e estimula diferentes experiências linguísticas, assegurando patamares de aprendizados mais significativos e avançados, no qual o aluno possa ser capaz de refletir e se apropriar do conhecimento. Os resultados elencados demonstram que o uso de diferentes textos em sala de aula aproxima a linguagem oral da linguagem escrita e isso traz significado às crianças. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para melhoria na didática e escolha de materiais e procedimentos utilizados por professores alfabetizadores.
EXPLORAR E BRINCAR COM A NATUREZA
Authors: VALENTE RUIZ KATIA
Published: August 2021

A relação entre as crianças e a natureza é uma maneira diferente de ver e entender o brincar. O fogo, o ar, a terra e a água se transformam em brinquedos pelos quais os pequenos se expressam dão significados aos seus sentimentos e está relacionada à força criadora do ser humano e sua interioridade. Esse encontro da natureza e da imaginação, se potencializa e a mágica da criação surge, cada elemento traz um brinquedo e uma forma de expressão dos sentimentos interiores, o fogo sugere explosão corporal, a água estimula o olhar da natureza, a simetria e o equilíbrio, a terra traz o universo da casa, da família, do enraizamento social e por fim o ar que são aqueles que ampliam a visão e os sentidos. Todos esses elementos mexem com os sentidos que proporcionam o conhecimento do próprio corpo exercitando a autonomia e a independência, aprimorando a motricidade, o cognitivo, o social, e de maneira prazerosa aflora o sentimento de pertencimento e respeito a natureza.
O PAPEL DO PROFESSOR COMO MEDIADOR NA EDUCAÇÃO LÚDICA
Authors: LIMA DOS SANTOS CARRASCO LUCIENE
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho traz como referência a importância da atividade lúdica. A metodologia a ser utilizada será por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e justifica-se pela necessidade de mostrar a importância e as contribuições do brinquedo e do brincar como suporte na aprendizagem em um momento tão importante na vida de uma criança que é a fase da Educação Infantil. Os objetivos desta pesquisa são repensar a prática pedagógica a partir do lúdico como instrumento pedagógico para o desenvolvimento no processo de ensino aprendizagem, analisar se os professores atuantes na área da educação tem conhecimento de alguns conceitos, como o “lúdico”. Ressaltar os direitos, os benefícios e a relação do brincar com a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento da criança. Busca-se apontar diferentes análises Sobre as concepções da presença ou ausência do “sentimento de infância”, analisar, compreender e repensar o papel da mediação do professor de educação infantil.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: MOREIRA CARDOSO RONNY LUCAS
Published: August 2021

Este artigo trata da importancia da utilização dos jogos e brincadeiras na educação infantil, onde apresenta resultado de uma pesquisa bibliografica, cujo objetivo foi analisar discutir e demonstrar a importancia tanto para as crianças como também a importancia do entendimento dos professores que esta pratica leva a resultados primordiais para o desenvolvimento infantilA utilização de jogos e brincadeiras pelas escolas propicia resultados de suma importância para o desenvolvimento da criança e da aprendizagem. A criança através da brincadeira desenvolve habilidades, a imaginação, a memória, a linguagem simbólica, a interação social, dentre outras. É brincando que a criança desenvolve sua autoestima e constrói realidades diversas durante seu contato com o brinquedo. Diante de tais perspectivas é que este trabalho está focado em despertar nos educadores na necessidade de aumentar a participação dos jogos e das brincadeiras nas escolas. É preciso atentar-se também para o ambiente destinado para a aplicação de tais atividades, este espaço deve ser pensado para o uso pedagógico e a livre circulação dos alunos. É a figura do professor que tem a missão de articular as brincadeiras e o espaço para que o aluno possa usufruir com total autonomia, facilitando assim o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Portanto, o principal papel do professor ao articular uma atividade lúdica para as crianças é fazer que o fundo pedagógico e didático esteja sempre presente. Sendo assim, fica-se claro que o sucesso da inclusão dos jogos e brincadeiras na escola requer um sério trabalho não só dos professores como anteriormente frisado, mas também de toda a estrutura técnico-pedagógica da instituição educacional. O resultado demonstrou que esta prática esta sendo cada vez mais utilizada, sua importância sendo considerada pelos professores, visando como algo extremamente necessário na educação infantil, e que são peças primordiais e fundamentais neste processo, para norteá-los da melhor maneira possível.
GESTÃO PARTICIPATIVA COMO PROPOSTA PARA APROXIMAR OS VISITANTES DO CUIDADO DAS ÁREAS NATURAIS: O MANEJO DE UMA TRILHA DE CICLISMO DE MONTANHA
Authors: Bartoletti Carolina Teixeira , Magro-Lindenkamp Teresa Cristina
Published: August 2021

Nos últimos anos foi registrado um aumento da visitação de áreas naturais protegidas para a prática de atividades esportivas e recreativas de aventura. Na contrapartida do aumento da visitação, estas áreas continuam defasadas em recursos humanos e financeiros para realizar a conservação do meio ambiente. Existem já há muitos anos inciativas de gestão participativa, seja na forma de voluntariado ou formação de conselhos gestores, para incluir a sociedade no cuidado das áreas protegidas. Na Estação Experimental de Tupi, no município de Piracicaba/SP, existe a visitação de ciclistas de montanha, que pelo fato de o ciclismo não ter sido uma atividade prevista no Plano de Manejo, utilizam trilhas inicialmente pensadas para pedestres. Foi proposto para estes visitantes o planejamento e manejo participativos de uma trilha para ciclismo, inspirados na experiência de Newsome et al. (2016) no sudoeste australiano. O objetivo foi aumentar a comunicação entre os ciclistas e a gestão da Estação Experimental de Tupi, visando a ampliar a escuta de suas demandas enquanto visitantes e incluí-los no cuidado da área. O processo de gestão participativa iniciou com a aplicação de questionários estruturados presenciais, teve sete encontros para o planejamento e manejo da trilha e culminou na abertura da Trilha do Limoeiro, embora a participação dos ciclistas, neste caso, tenha sido esporádica.
LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL DE EMPREENDIMENTOS DE INFRAESTRUTURA E A CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA NO LITORAL DO PARANÁ: ACORDOS E INVISIBILIDADES NO CASO DA FERROVIA LAPA-PARANAGUÁ
Authors: Góes Liz Meira , Teixeira Cristina Frutuoso , Faraco Luiz Francisco Ditzel , Foppa Carina Catiana
Published: August 2021

O artigo analisa a participação de diferentes atores na formulação do licenciamento ambiental da ferrovia projetada para ligar o interior do estado do Paraná ao Porto de Paranaguá. No contexto da instalação de grandes empreendimentos de infraestrutura portuária que impactam a sociobiodiversidade do litoral do Paraná, a conservação da natureza e a sobrevivência de povos e comunidades tradicionais são questões obrigatórias no licenciamento de obras nesta região marcada por conflitos socioambientais. Para compreender a efetividade da participação e a influência de diferentes atores nas deliberações sobre o traçado da ferrovia, foi analisado o processo de discussão do Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica e Ambiental (EVTEA) da ferrovia Lapa-Paranaguá, uma das etapas iniciais do processo de licenciamento ambiental, buscando identificar assimetrias de poder entre os protagonistas do estudo (empreendedores, pesquisadores, ambientalistas e gestores públicos) e a forma como influenciaram nas decisões, assim como a não participação de atores potencialmente afetados pelo empreendimento. Por meio de análise documental, entrevistas com atores-chave e observação de reuniões e debates sobre o traçado da ferrovia, foi possível identificar assimetrias de poder entre os protagonistas do Estudo, assim como interesses conflitantes em torno de soluções para impedir ou mitigar os impactos ambientais da obra. Do processo de elaboração do EVTEA, que contou com a participação de instituições ambientais de governo e da sociedade civil organizada, resultou o atendimento de algumas demandas relativas às unidades de conservação. Contudo, com relação aos povos e comunidades tradicionais, embora considerados sujeitos da conservação e decerto serão afetados pelo empreendimento, eles não participaram do Estudo e foram invisibilizados nas decisões sobre o traçado da ferrovia.
A HISTÓRIA AMBIENTAL COMO CAMPO HISTORIOGRÁFICO E SUA OFERTA COMO DISCIPLINA NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA EM GOIÁS NO ANO DE 2018
Authors: Gomes Jéssica Dafico Moreira da Costa , Silva Adriana Aparecida
Published: August 2021

A disciplina de história ambiental, introduzida no meio acadêmico no início da década de 1970, traz consigo uma nova maneira de se estudar a história, rompendo com a ótica dualista e determinista vigente à época, de modo a considerar a inter- relação entre ser humano e meio natural como ponto fundamental para a análise historiográfica. Com o intuito de verificar a relevância da disciplina de história ambiental nos cursos de graduação em história, analisou-se as matrizes curriculares dos cursos de graduação presenciais, ofertados em Goiás, comparando-as às grades dos 10 melhores cursos de graduação em história do país utilizando o ranking elaborado pela Folha de São Paulo, em 2018. Verificou-se que, embora transcorrido 49 anos, desde a primeira vez que a disciplina de história ambiental foi ofertada no mundo, sua inserção nos cursos de graduação em história no Brasil ainda é escassa, estando presente em apenas 20% dos cursos pesquisados, apontando para o desprestígio desta matéria em termos de concepção da relevância de se estudar a história tendo como base a inter-relação entre o ser humano e a natureza no campo historiográfico.
Food Consumption and Nutrient Density of Adults Male Aged 19-49 Years Old in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Teguh Jati , Khoiriani Izzati Nur , Surijati Katri Andini
Published: August 2021

The objectives of this study was to analyze food consumption and nutrient density of adults male aged 19-49 years old in Indonesia. This study was carried out through analyzing a consumption data set of Total Diet Study (SDT) of Indonesian Ministry of Health which were collected using 24-hour food recall method. The final subjects included for this study were 26268 male. The nutrients adequacy were assessed based on Institute of Medicine calculation. The nutrients analyzed include energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C. The average food consumption of Indonesian adult male population is mostly from the grains food group of 305.0 g. The food group that was consumed the least by the adult population was oily seeds as much as 18.1 g. The adequacy of energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C were 81.4%, 108.3%, 105.5%, 159.4%, 64.8%, 107.7% and 54.6%, respectively. The nutrient density of protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C were still under the recommendation. It means that food consumption quality of Indonesian adults need to be improved. Considering the inadequate intake of some micronutrients in Indonesian adults male, it is necessary to increase the consumption of animal food, legumes, fruits and vegetables as sources of micronutrients.
LOCAL DISCRETE EXTENSIONS OF SUPRATOPOLOGIES
Authors: El-MONSEF M. E. ABD , LASHIEN E. F.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce the concept of local discrete extensions of supratopologies on a set. The basic problem is to investigate the supratopological properties that are preserved under local discrete extensions.
A REMARK ON BOUNDEDNESS OF THE NUMERICAL RANGE
Authors: CHAN CHI FAI
Published: August 2021

It is shown that Chien's result on the smallest rectangle wjth sjdes parallel to the axes containing the nwnerical range of a real matrix follows from a simple observation on complex matrices. A counter-example to Chien's conjecture is also given.
Evaluating the role of the National Museum of Iran in the development of cultural tourism
Authors: Farokhi Omid Salek , Hosseini Seyedeh Yasamin
Published: August 2021

In addition to acquainting the public with the culture of a particular region, cultural tourism creates economic opportunities. Taking into account various tourist sites, museums are definitely among the most important ones. In Iran, the National Museum is one of the most important museums because of its rich collection of historical monuments related to the ancient Persia and Islamic periods. The authors of this article analyse the role of the National Museum of Iran in the development of the country’s cultural tourism. The analysis is based on information obtained from the database of the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization and the National Museum of Iran. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were employed for data analysis. The results confirm the importance of the National Museum of Iran in the development of cultural tourism.
The Sierra Leone – Gullah Geechee Connection – Deepening the Connection: A tourist satisfaction study
Authors: Massally Amadu , Holladay Patrick J. , McGough Fredanna M. , King Rodney
Published: August 2021

Sierra Leone is one of several countries along the Rice Coast of West Africa. Gullah Geechee people live in the coastal region of the United States from Pender County, North Carolina to St. Johns County, Florida. The essential tie between Sierra Leoneans and Gullah Geechee people is rice. The purpose of the article is to present information that assess satisfaction, perceptions, preferences and characteristics of a tour of Gullah Geechee people to Sierra Leone. The study data enabled the analysis and identification of tourist satisfaction, as well as provided understanding of potential trip improvements. Implications from the study bring Sierra Leone into the fold of heritage tours as seen in Ghana and Senegal, people discovering their roots, enabling social investments in developing nations and can be of service to the Government of Sierra Leone.
Urinary toluene levels and adverse health symptoms among automotive garage workers, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand
Authors: Decharat Somsiri
Published: August 2021

To determine their urinary toluene levels, to describe the workers’ hygiene behaviors and the prevalence of adverse health symptoms among automotive garage workers exposed to chemical substances. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by interviewing among automotive garages located in the Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. During between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2020. A total of 140 automotive garages workers were selected using a purposive sampling method. The questionnaire was conducted via face-to-face interview and the toluene was quantified using gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were computed for the variables. Risk factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented as statistically significant when the p value was < 0.05. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the medians of continuous variables of the two groups. The prevalence of skin effects (60.71%); respiratory tract irritation (49.29%); nausea (46.43%); and dizziness (40.71%) was remarkable in the automotive garage workers. Several socio-demographic variables were significantly associated with increased skin effects, respiratory tract irritant, nausea, and dizziness. The median urinary toluene level of the automotive garage workers was 145 μg/L (range, 12.0-958.0 μg/L) which the median urinary levels and demographic characteristics, occupational lifestyle, personal protective equipment used, hygiene behavior, and adverse health symptoms had significantly significant different (p< 0.05).Urine is one of the most useful a sample for biomonitoring of occupational exposure to toluene. Personal hygiene is important for the automotive garage workers, and it should be emphasized in education programs.
Artificial Intelligence and Business Model Innovation in Incumbent Firms: A Cross-Industry Case Study
Authors: Metzler Dennis Renee , Neuss Nicole , Muntermann Jan
Published: August 2021

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat das Potenzial, ganze Industrien disruptiv zu verändern und treibt damit Geschäftsmodellinnovationen in etablierten Unternehmen an. Empirische Forschung zu den Auswirkungen von KI auf das Geschäftsmodell etablierter Unternehmen sowie Forschung zu KI als Treiber für Geschäftsmodellinnovationen in diesen Unternehmen ist jedoch noch selten. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die Forschung in diesem Gebiet zu erweitern, indem die Auswirkungen von KI auf die spezifischen Elemente der Geschäftsmodelle von Unternehmen analysiert werden. Darüber hinaus werden die Mechanismen KI-getriebener Geschäftsmodellinnovation erforscht. Mithilfe der Durchführung einer detaillierten Fallstudienforschung in vier traditionellen Industrien leisten wir einen Beitrag zur Literatur, indem wir neue Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen von KI auf die einzelnen Geschäftsmodellelemente etablierter Unternehmen liefern. Basierend auf diesen Erkenntnissen präsentieren wir zusätzlich ein Rahmenwerk, das die Prozesse und Resultate KI-getriebener Geschäftsmodellinnovation erklärt.
AI and its Opportunities for Decision-Making in Organizations: A Systematic Review of the Influencing Factors on the Intention to use AI
Authors: Smeets Mario Richard , Roetzel Peter Gordon , Ostendorf Ralf Juergen
Published: August 2021

One domain of application of artificial intelligence (AI) is decision support, particularly in management. Although there are already research streams examining the interaction of AI and humans (e.g. the stream on "hybrid intelligence"), there are still numerous open research gaps - for example, a comprehensive overview of which factors favor the intention to use AI is missing. By conducting a systematic literature review, we identify the factors that potentially positively influence AI usage intentions for decision-making processes in organizations. From this, we create a framework that both provides practical implications for the successful use of AI in organizational decision-making processes and delivers further research approaches, for example, on the validity/ usability of proven IS adoption models in the present context.
Keep Calm and Press for Reasoning
Authors: Anderson Nancy
Published: August 2021

The questions that teachers ask to elicit student reasoning—often referred to aspress for reasoning—help students explicate the concepts and principles that undergird their strategies. This article describes the term, addresses its benefits and challenges, and offers three routines.
“8 Teaching Moves Supporting Equitable Participation”
Authors: Wood Marcy B. , Sheldon James , Felton-Koestler Mathew D. , Oslund Joy , Parks Amy Noelle , Crespo Sandra , Featherstone Helen , Bush Introduction by: Sarah B.
Published: August 2021

From the Archives highlights articles from NCTM’s legacy journals, as chosen by leaders in mathematics education.
Improvements in Data Acquisition for Propulsion Shaft Alignment
Authors: Joiner W. David , Cook Charles J.
Published: August 2021

Propulsion shaft alignment is a necessary and crucial step in the ship construction process, with manning and schedule constraints requiring accurate results as efficiently as possible. There are two methods for measuring the bearing loading along the shaft line: strain gages and load cells. The legacy method for using strain gages required a lot of man power and the legacy method for using load cells was dependent on the quality of machinist made available. Strain gages are the transducers of choice for measurement; however the data acquisition, especially for ships with long shafting systems, can require many strain gage positions and personnel to conduct tests. Load cells are used to validate the accuracy of the strain gage method and to calculate the shaft runout at each bearing location.
Qualifying the Reciprocating Wire Feed Gas Metal Arc Welding (RWF-GMAW) Process for Applying Weld Overlays of Corrosion-resistant Cladding on Steel Marine Propulsion Shafts
Authors: Greig N. Andrew , Ludwig Mike
Published: August 2021

Marine propulsion shafts typically are composites consisting of a strong, tough (often hollow) steel, bearing-surface sleeves, and corrosion-resistant cladding. Cladding alloys include Copper-Nickel alloys, austenitic “stainless steel” alloys, and Nickelbased Alloy 625. Cladding alloy weld metals are expensive as are the production costs of clad welding, weld inspection and rework. This paper describes collaborative efforts of a commercial Shaft Repair Facility (SRF) and a welding machine supplier to develop technical data supporting cleaner, more efficient and adaptable processes and equipment for corrosion-resistant alloy cladding. Reciprocating Wire Feed-Gas Metal Arc Welding (RWF-GMAW), specifically the proprietary Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process, is presented a procedure-of-choice for corrosion-resistant weld cladding of Alloy 625 and of 300-series alloys on steel machinery.
Water Soluble, Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants in Stern Tube Applications
Authors: Sherman John V.
Published: August 2021

Stern tube lubricants; used to lubricate the bearings that support the vessel propeller shaft in the stern tube, are continuously lost to the marine environment while the ship is moving under power. Although the specific amount of lubricant lost in a stern tube application is dependent on the particular stern tube system and vessel type, many reports support the fact that lubricant loss through vessel stern tubes is by far the greatest source of lubricant ingression into the environment of all vessel lubricant applications incidental to their operation. Historically, stern tube lubricants have been based on mineral oil but recently synthetic, environmentally acceptable stern tube lubricants have been made available. The U.S. EPA Vessel General Permit for Discharges Incidental to the Normal Operation of Vessels (VGP) revised in 2013, mandated the use of environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) for all oil-to-sea interface applications in vessels constructed on or after December 19, 2013 and all vessels built before December 19, 2013 unless technically infeasible. The VGP specifically defines stern tube lubrication as an oil-to-sea interface application. One type of EAL recommended by the U.S. EPA to replace mineral oil in all oil-to-sea interface applications is based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG) base stocks. PAG based lubricants offer a unique combination of performance and environmental properties.
The EAL-Mystery: Facts and Findings from the perspective of a Classification Society
Authors: Ka Dong-Chun , Kock Fabian
Published: August 2021

On December 19th 2013, the former Vessel General Permit (VGP) has been replaced by its second edition from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The 2013 VGP requires the use of environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) in any oil-to-sea interface, unless stated as technically infeasible. Due to these requirements, shipyards recently introduced EALs in stern tube lubrication upon requests of ship owners for US waters. Following this, numerous stern tube failure cases have been reported during sea-trials in ship newbuilding projects. Since many years, the classification society DNV-GL has been involved in the development of sound rule requirements for shaft alignment calculations and installations, hereby making combined use of practical experiences and theoretical investigations. Based on this knowledge the Authors of this paper look upon fundamental experience in consulting of several stern tube bearing failure cases, hereby trying to ensure a robust design for all kinds of operation. After investigation of the damages, a root cause analysis is possible. In particular, the investigations focus on review of the design of the shaft alignment and the correct performance of the actual installation. Specific properties of EALs are also taken into consideration, therefore trying to unravel the EAL-Mystery. The experiences from the fact findings from stern-tube failure cases in recent ship new building projects are presented and intend to give guidance for the design and best-practices for the installation procedure of shaft alignment from the perspective of a classification society. In particular the application of new rule requirements is examined in order to ensure a classification societies purpose to strive to safeguard life, property and the environment.
Getting started with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework :
Authors: Mahn Amy , Marron Jeffrey , Quinn Stephen , Topper Daniel
Published: August 2021

This document intends to provide direction and guidance to those organizations in any sector or community seeking to improve cybersecurity risk management via utilization of the NIST Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (Cybersecurity Framework or the Framework). Cybersecurity is an important and amplifying component of an organization s overall risk management process. The Framework enables organizations regardless of size, degree of cybersecurity risk, or cybersecurity sophistication to apply the principles and best practices of risk management to improve security and resilience. Through implementation of the Framework, organizations can better identify, assess, and manage their cybersecurity risks in the context of their broader mission and business objectives.
Attribute-based access control for microservices-based applications using a service mesh
Authors: Chandramouli Ramaswamy , Butcher Zack , Chetal Aradhna
Published: August 2021

Deployment architecture in cloud-native applications now consists of loosely coupled components, called microservices, with all application services provided through a dedicated infrastructure, called a service mesh, independent of the application code. Two critical security requirements in this architecture are to build (1) the concept of zero trust by enabling mutual authentication in communication between any pair of services and (2) a robust access control mechanism based on an access control such as attribute-based access control (ABAC) that can be used to express a wide set of policies and is scalable in terms of user base, objects (resources), and deployment environment. This document provides deployment guidance for building an authentication and authorization framework within the service mesh that meets these requirements. A reference platform for hosting the microservices-based application and a reference platform for the service mesh are included to illustrate the concepts in the recommendations and provide the context in terms of the components used in real-world deployments.
Aircraft Maintenance Routing Problem – A Literature Survey
Authors: Temucin Tolga , Tuzkaya Gulfem , Vayvay Ozalp
Published: August 2021

The airline industry has shown significant growth in the last decade according to some indicators such as annual average growth in global air traffic passenger demand and growth rate in the global air transport fleet. This inevitable progress makes the airline industry challenging and forces airline companies to produce a range of solutions that increase consumer loyalty to the brand. These solutions to reduce the high costs encountered in airline operations, prevent delays in planned departure times, improve service quality, or reduce environmental impacts can be diversified according to the need. Although one can refer to past surveys, it is not sufficient to cover the rich literature of airline scheduling, especially for the last decade. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing the airline operations related papers published between 2009 and 2019, and focus on the ones especially in the aircraft maintenance routing area which seems a promising branch.
Meaningful Stuff
Authors: Chapman Jonathan
Published: August 2021

An argument for a design philosophy of better, not more.

Never have we wanted, owned, and wasted so much stuff. Our consumptive path through modern life leaves a wake of social and ecological destruction—sneakers worn only once, bicycles barely even ridden, and forgotten smartphones languishing in drawers. By what perverse alchemy do our newest, coolest things so readily transform into meaningless junk? In Meaningful Stuff, Jonathan Chapman investigates why we throw away things that still work, and shows how we can design products, services, and systems that last.

Obsolescence is an economically driven design decision—a plan to hasten a product's functional or psychological undesirability. Many electronic devices, for example, are intentionally impossible to dismantle for repair or recycling, their brief use-career proceeding inexorably to a landfill. A sustainable design specialist who serves as a consultant to global businesses and governmental organizations, Chapman calls for the decoupling of economic activity from mindless material consumption and shows how to do it.

Chapman shares his vision for an “experience heavy, material light” design sensibility. This vital and timely new design philosophy reveals how meaning emerges from designed encounters between people and things, explores ways to increase the quality and longevity of our relationships with objects and the systems behind them, and ultimately demonstrates why design can—and must—lead the transition to a sustainable future.
Teaching Machines
Authors: Watters Audrey
Published: August 2021

How ed tech was born: Twentieth-century teaching machines—from Sidney Pressey's mechanized test-giver to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box.

Contrary to popular belief, ed tech did not begin with videos on the internet. The idea of technology that would allow students to “go at their own pace” did not originate in Silicon Valley. In Teaching Machines, education writer Audrey Watters offers a lively history of predigital educational technology, from Sidney Pressey's mechanized positive-reinforcement provider to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Watters shows that these machines and the pedagogy that accompanied them sprang from ideas—bite-sized content, individualized instruction—that had legs and were later picked up by textbook publishers and early advocates for computerized learning.

Watters pays particular attention to the role of the media—newspapers, magazines, television, and film—in shaping people's perceptions of teaching machines as well as the psychological theories underpinning them. She considers these machines in the context of education reform, the political reverberations of Sputnik, and the rise of the testing and textbook industries. She chronicles Skinner's attempts to bring his teaching machines to market, culminating in the famous behaviorist's efforts to launch Didak 101, the “pre-verbal” machine that taught spelling. (Alternate names proposed by Skinner include “Autodidak,” “Instructomat,” and “Autostructor.”) Telling these somewhat cautionary tales, Watters challenges what she calls “the teleology of ed tech”—the idea that not only is computerized education inevitable, but technological progress is the sole driver of events.
Giving Bodies Back to Data
Authors: Casini Silvia
Published: August 2021

An examination of the bodily, situated aspects of data-visualization work, looking at visualization practices around the development of MRI technology.

Our bodies are scanned, probed, imaged, sampled, and transformed into data by clinicians and technologists. In this book, Silvia Casini reveals the affective relations and materiality that turn data into image—and in so doing, gives bodies back to data. Opening the black box of MRI technology, Casini examines the bodily, situated aspects of visualization practices around the development of this technology. Reframing existing narratives of biomedical innovation, she emphasizes the important but often overlooked roles played by aesthetics, affectivity, and craft practice in medical visualization.

Combining history, theory, laboratory ethnography, archival research, and collaborative art–science, Casini retrieves the multiple presences and agencies of bodies in data visualization, mapping the traces of scientists' body work and embodied imagination. She presents an in-depth ethnographic study of MRI development at the University of Aberdeen's biomedical physics laboratory, from the construction of the first whole-body scanner for clinical purposes through the evolution of the FFC-MRI. Going beyond her original focus on MRI, she analyzes a selection of neuroscience- or biomedicine-inspired interventions by artists in media ranging from sculpture to virtual reality. Finally, she presents a methodology for designing and carrying out small-scale art–science projects, describing a collaboration that she herself arranged, highlighting the relational and aesthetic-laden character of data that are the product of craftsmanship and affective labor at the laboratory bench.
Glypicans define unique roles for the Hedgehog co-receptors boi and ihog in cytoneme-mediated gradient formation
Authors: Simon Eléanor , Jiménez-Jiménez Carlos , Seijo-Barandiarán Irene , Aguilar Gustavo , Sánchez-Hernández David , Aguirre-Tamaral Adrián , González-Méndez Laura , Ripoll Pedro , Guerrero Isabel
Published: August 2021

The conserved family of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling proteins plays a key role in cell–cell communication in development, tissue repair, and cancer progression, inducing distinct concentration-dependent responses in target cells located at short and long distances. One simple mechanism for long distance dispersal of the lipid modified Hh is the direct contact between cell membranes through filopodia-like structures known as cytonemes. Here we have analyzed in Drosophila the interaction between the glypicans Dally and Dally-like protein, necessary for Hh signaling, and the adhesion molecules and Hh coreceptors Ihog and Boi. We describe that glypicans are required to maintain the levels of Ihog, but not of Boi. We also show that the overexpression of Ihog, but not of Boi, regulates cytoneme dynamics through their interaction with glypicans, the Ihog fibronectin III domains being essential for this interaction. Our data suggest that the regulation of glypicans over Hh signaling is specifically given by their interaction with Ihog in cytonemes. Contrary to previous data, we also show that there is no redundancy of Ihog and Boi functions in Hh gradient formation, being Ihog, but not of Boi, essential for the long-range gradient.
Expanding the MECP2 network using comparative genomics reveals potential therapeutic targets for Rett syndrome
Authors: Unterman Irene , Bloch Idit , Cazacu Simona , Kazimirsky Gila , Ben-Zeev Bruria , Berman Benjamin P , Brodie Chaya , Tabach Yuval
Published: August 2021

Inactivating mutations in the Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MECP2) gene are the main cause of Rett syndrome (RTT). Despite extensive research into MECP2 function, no treatments for RTT are currently available. Here, we used an evolutionary genomics approach to construct an unbiased MECP2 gene network, using 1028 eukaryotic genomes to prioritize proteins with strong co-evolutionary signatures with MECP2. Focusing on proteins targeted by FDA-approved drugs led to three promising targets, two of which were previously linked to MECP2 function (IRAK, KEAP1) and one that was not (EPOR). The drugs targeting these three proteins (Pacritinib, DMF, and EPO) were able to rescue different phenotypes of MECP2 inactivation in cultured human neural cell types, and appeared to converge on Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in inflammation. This study highlights the potential of comparative genomics to accelerate drug discovery, and yields potential new avenues for the treatment of RTT.
Interplay among the Variants of One Carbon Metabolism, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer
Authors: Sodhi Mandeep Kaur , Saini Varinder , Sharma Vishal , Kaur Jasbinder , Kaur Jagdeep
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Folates perform an integral task in DNA synthesis, methylationand repair. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) potrays a key part in the metabolism of folate and regulates the equilibrium between the various forms of folate for DNA synthesis and DNA methylation. MTHFR irrevocably transforms 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the principal circulating folate and the carbon donor for remethylation processes. MTHFR is vastly polymorphic in the general population. Materials and Methods: It was a case-control study conducted during March 2010 to September 2011 in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, to see whether any association exists between the variants of one carbon metabolism, MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C), and lung cancer. Twenty biopsy proven lung cancer patients and 20 age and sex matched cancer-free controls were selected. Results: The mean serum folate in cases was higher (12.84 ng/mL±7.527 ng/mL) as compared to controls (4.46 ng/mL±1.346 ng/mL), suggesting that high levels of serum folate are associated with lung cancer. There was no significant variance in the levels of vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine between cases and controls. No MTHFR polymorphism C677T was seen in the blood and the bronchial biopsy samples of all cases as well as blood samples of all the controls. The MTHFR polymorphism A1298C was present in the blood as well as bronchial biopsy samples of cases as well as blood of controls. Thus, in the present study, there was no relation of this polymorphism with lung cancer. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in MTHFR may contribute to lung cancer. More research on the basis of cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung cancer is urgently needed to aid in understanding of pathogenesis of the disease.
Effect of Foliar Application of Plant Growth Hormones on Yield and Quality Parameters in Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)
Authors: Reddy Y. Rajasekhara , Ramanandam G. , Subbaramamma P. , Dorajeerao A. V. D.
Published: August 2021

Foliar application of plant growth regulators viz.,  GA3 -50& 100 ppm,  NAA- 50 ppm &100 ppm, Thiourea- 250 & 500 ppm, 28-Homobrassinolide- 0.1& 0.2ppm, Triacontanol - 2.5& 5 ppm and Control. All the treatments were applied as foliar sprays at 30 and 45 DAT. Days to 50% flowering (46 d) and days to harvest (100.20 d) were found earlier in ajowan with the foliar applications of triacontanol by 5 ppm (T10).The same treatment had recorded the maximum number of umbellate umbel-1(14.20). Foliar applications of thiourea by 250 ppm (T5) had record the highest values  with respect to yield, yield attributing characters viz number of umbels plant-1(228.70), number of seeds umbel-1(183.60), number of seeds umbellate-1(13.50), test weight (1.56 g), seed yield plant-1 (28.50 g), seed yield plot-1 (1425 g), seed yield hectare-1(1583.33 kg), harvest index (69.71%) and quality parameters viz essential oil (3.64%) and protein contents (19.26 mg 100 g-1).
The Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in COVID-19 Understanding
Authors: Ettarhouni Zaineb O. , Mezoughi Aysha B.
Published: August 2021

Background: In Covid-19 the virus infects the respiratory tract in human. When lung tissue becomes diseased, the walls and lining of the alveoli and capillaries are damaged. At this point lung compliance and ventilation decrease. Pulmonary surfactant that is produced and dispersed into alveolar space, has a significant role in understanding how heavily covid-19 interferes and infects lung cells. The importance of pulmonary surfactant in alveoli is to lower surface tension at air/liquid interface in the lung. This is achieved by reducing the work of breathing and preventing alveolar collapse. The main constituent of pulmonary surfactant is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) (C40H80NO8P). It is a phospholipid containing two non polar palmitic acid C16 chains as hydrophobic tails linked to a polar head group of a phosphatidylcholine (also known as lecithin).

Rationale of the Review and Objective Method: When DPPC molecules are in contact with a polar solvent, micelles which grow further into bilayers are formed considering their cylindrical structures. This trait makes the whole structure of pulmonary surfactant as amphipathic and surface active molecules. The head group of phosphatidylcholine in the pulmonary surfactant is attracted by polar liquid molecules causing a reduction of the liquid surface tension.

Conclusion: This review complements the quoted information analysing them theoretically and integrates recent advances in pulmonary surfactant research with the global pandemic.
Case Report of a Giant Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Ikejiaku Udochikwuka Patience , Udah Chidinma Adaobi , Ugwoegbu Johnpatrick Uchenna , Nwolisa Emeka
Published: August 2021

Adrenal myelolipomas (AMLs) are rare benign adrenal tumours containing adipose and hematopoietic tissue as a result of reticuloendothelial cell metaplasia. In this case report, we describe the diagnostic evaluation and the operative management of a giant adrenal myelolipoma in a 14-year-old male who has sickle cell anaemia. He presented with a one-week history of bilateral leg swelling. A physical examination revealed a mass in the right lumbar region. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a well-defined rounded echo-complex encapsulated supra-renal mass impinging on the upper pole of the right kidney, displacing it downwards. There was also marked compression of the inferior vena cava. A computed tomography scan showed a large mass occupying the right adrenal gland. The patient had an exploratory laparotomy with excision of the right adrenal tumour. Histopathological (Immunohistochemistry) evaluation of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. The diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma requires a good history, physical examination, a high index of suspicion, imaging techniques, and a thorough histopathological evaluation. Surgery is the main treatment modality and good post-operative management minimizes complications and guarantees rapid recovery.
Assessment of the Role of Lung Ultrasonography for the Accuracy of Clinically Estimated Dry Weight in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hammad Yasmin S. , Khodier Samy A. , Al-Ghazaly Ghada M. , Nassar Ibrahim A.
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to  evaluate  the utility  of lung  ultrasonography  to  determine   the accuracy of prescribed  dry  weight in chronic hemodialysis patients  and  to  ascertain   the  adequacy  of  fluid  removal .

Methods: In this cross sectional study LUS was performed immediately before and after (within 15 min) the dialysis session on 60 patients on regular hemodialysis, 4-hours per session, three times weekly at Tanta university hospitals, Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology units, Egypt. The ultrasonography B-lines was tabulated and compared to the intradialytic ultrafltration parameters and dry weight.

Results: Positive significant correlation (P 0.02) was achieved between the intradialytic percentage change in B-lines and the percent change in total body weight reduction and also Positive significant correlation (P 0.05) was achieved between the intradialytic percentage change in B-lines and the ultrafiltration rate.

Conclusion: LUS is a valuable diagnostic tool for recognizing the adequacy of fluid removal and to avoid inaccurate estimation of dry weight by usual clinical parameters or even radiologic studies including chest X-ray.
Effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Nabil Mohamed , Essa Ashraf , Mahmoud Magdy , Rabah Mohamed
Published: August 2021

The increasing demand and consumption of cement have necessitated the use of slag, fly ash, rice husk ash (RHA), and so forth as a supplement of cement in concrete construction. The aim of the study is to develop a replacement of the cement with rice husk ash and slag combined with chemical activator. NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and KOH were used in varying weights and molar concentrations. Partial replacement of cement was tested for its consistency, setting time, flow, compressive strength, and fire. The consistency and setting time of the Partial Z-Cement (Zero cement) paste increase with increasing RHA content. The replacement of cement mortar achieves a compressive strength of 22–25MPa at  28 days with 5% NaOH or at 2.5or non used activator molar concentrations. The tested slabs were made of concrete and reinforced with bars with 10 mm diameter having and compressive strength evaluated from the compressive tests. The analysis of the slab deflection behavior has been presented after fire of samples. The results show the different character of the load-deflection relationship of a replacement of the cement with rice husk ash and slag reinforced slabs compared to traditionally reinforced slabs.
Some Toxicological Studies of Methanol Leaves Extract Lannea acida in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Nwaogu Jude , Argungu Aminu Umar , Sifawa Sadiq Abubakar
Published: August 2021

Aim: The current study determined phytochemical constituents evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxic profiles of Lannea acida methanol leaves extract (LAMLE) in Wistar albino rats

Methodology: The phytochemical screening of LAMLE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. A total of 31 male albino rats were used for the toxicological study. The LD50 was determined using six (6) rats according to OECD, 2001 using fixed limit dose. For the sub-chronic study, the rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats. Control group (group 1) received distilled water orally 2ml/kg. Groups (2-5) received doses of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg of the extracts. The experiment lasted for 28 days.

Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids and Steroids. The LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg. There were significant reduction in the concentration of ALT, ALP and ALB (P<.05) in the group that received the highest dose of the extract when compared to the normal control while other liver biomarkers were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the control. The sub-chronic dose of 2000mg/kg of the extracts shows significant (P<.05) decrease in all kidney function biomarkers except chloride when compared to the control. The haematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, Neutruphils) showed a significant decrease in Group 5 when compared to the normal control group while MCV and lymphocytes showed significant decrease (P<.05) when compared to the control.  

Conclusion: The result suggests that the methanol leaves extracts of Lannea acida is relatively safe and can be used in medicinal formulations.