bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
9. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TEMEL BİLİMSEL OLGULAR ÖLÇEĞİ PUANLARININ BAZI DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ATLI Kurtuluş , YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada 9. sınıf öğrencilerinin araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan temel bilimsel olgular ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar ile demografik bilgilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma toplam 323 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup verilerin analizinde SPSS programı kapsamında Mann Whitney U testi ile Kruskal Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında öncelikle kız ve erkek öğrenciler arasında temel bilimsel olgular ölçeği ortalama puanlarına ilişkin kız öğrenciler lehine tespit edilen puan farkı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Ortaokul mezuniyet not ortalaması 70 puan ve üzeri olan öğrencilerin düşük olanlara göre temel bilimsel olgular ölçeğinden aldıkları ortalama puanlar daha yüksektir. Bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. 8. sınıf fen bilimleri dersi not ortalaması 70 puan ve üzeri olan öğrencilerin düşük olanlara göre temel bilimsel olgular ölçeğinden aldıkları ortalama puanlar daha yüksektir. Bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. 9. sınıf öğrencilerinin anne eğitim durumlarına göre temel bilimsel olgular ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar arasında tespit edilen ortalama farkları yapılan analiz sonucunda anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Babası lise mezunu olan öğrencilerin temel bilimsel olgular ölçeğinden aldıkları ortalama puanlar ile babası ilkokul ve ortaokul mezunu olan öğrenciler arasında babası lise mezunu olan öğrenciler lehine anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan babası üniversite mezunu olan öğrencilerin temel bilimsel olgular ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar ile babası ilkokul ve ortaokul mezunu olan öğrenciler arasında babası üniversite mezunu olan öğrenciler lehine anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada sonuçlara dayanarak bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara dayanılarak önerilere yer verilmiştir.
The Effect of Si (111) Substrate Surface Cleaning on Growth Rate and Crystal Quality of MOVPE Grown AlN
Authors: PERKİTEL İzel , ALTUNTAS İsmail , DEMİR İlkay
Published: March 2021

In this work, the effect of Si (111) substrate surface cleaning by RCA (Radio Corporation of America) method on growth rate and crystalline quality of epitaxially grown AlN thin films by MOVPE (Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) technique is investigated. In situ reflectance system and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique are used for the analysis of growth rate and crystal quality of epitaxial AlN layers, respectively. Also, The Raman measurement is done to show the effect of the RCA cleaning procedure on the position of the peaks that occurred in the Raman spectra. The results have shown that the surface cleaning of Si (111) substrate by the RCA method removes the oxide layer formed on the surface, also helps to decrease the parasitic reactions and increases the adatom efficiency, results in an increased growth rate of the AlN layer. Besides, surface cleaning of Si (111) substrate by the RCA method has reduced the FWHM value ~5% for ω-2θ scan and ~60% for ω scan of AlN epilayer, indicating an improvement in crystal quality.
Mechanical and Physical Characteristics of Bubble Alumina Reinforced Aluminum Syntactic Foams Made Through Recyclable Pressure Infiltration Technique
Authors: BOLAT Çağın , BEKAR Cem , GÖKSENLİ Ali
Published: March 2021

Metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) are advance hybrid materials which reflect synergetic combination of particle reinforced composites and close cell metal foams. Recently, MMSFs have become considerably popular for several industrial areas because of their low density, high compression strength, good ductility and perfect energy absorption ability. In this paper, Al 7075/bubble alumina syntactic foams were fabricated by recyclable pressure infiltration casting method. Macroscopic and microscopic investigations showed that almost flawless infiltration was obtained between 2 – 4 mm hollow bubble alumina spheres and total porosity values of fabricated foams varied between % 43.2 and % 45.6. As for mechanical analyses, all foam samples were subjected to quasi-static compression test (1 mm/min deformation rate) and their crucial properties such as compression strength, plateau strength, densification strain and energy absorption capacity were determined. Besides, aging heat treatment (T6) was applied to certain samples in order to explore probable effects of heat treatment on the mechanical responses. The outcomes indicated that there was a positive relationship between the aging treatment and compressive features. Under the compressive loading, even though T6 treated foams showed a tendency to brittle fracture, their as-cast variants exhibited ductile behavior.
Analytical Modeling of Buckling Behavior of Porous FGM Cylindrical Shell Embedded within an Elastic Foundation
Authors: TIMESLI Abdelaziz
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the buckling behavior of porous Functionally Graded Materiel (FGM) cylindrical shells based on Donnell shell theory. In this context, we develop an explicit analytical expression which takes into consideration the effect of porosities through the thickness of the structure and that of the elastic foundation using a modified power-law function and the models of Winkler and Pasternak, respectively. We use the modified rule of mixture to determinate the behavior of the porous FGM cylindrical shell. The effects of porosity volume fraction, power-law index, and Young’s modulus ratio are investigated. Moreover, we also discuss the influence of different parameters on the stability behavior of the porous FGM shell.
Komunikazio-antsietatea euskara bigarren hizkuntza dutenengan
Authors: Cenoz Jasone , Santos Alaitz
Published: March 2021

Artikulu honetan, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan H1 gaztelania duten hiztunen euskararekiko komunikazio-antsietateari buruzko ikerketa bat aurkezten da. Artikuluaren xedea da euskara bigarren hizkuntza duten hiztun helduen hizkuntza horrekiko antsietatearen inguruan sakontzea. Ikerketa honetan 346 subjektuk parte hartu zuten, eta eskolatuak izan zireneko hizkuntza-ereduaren arabera bereizi ziren. Tresna kuantitatiboak eta kualitatiboak erabili ziren datuak biltzeko. Emaitzek adierazten dute hiru taldeen artean diferentzia esanguratsuak daudela euskararekiko antsietateari dagokionez. Datu kualitatiboen argitan, euskararekiko antsietatean eragiten duten sei faktore identifikatu dira.
Alexander Nevsky: the Victory on the Neva, Pskov Recaptured, the Battle on the Ice
Authors: Кучкин В.А.
Published: March 2021

1240–1242 гг. в биографии Александра Невского стали годами наиболее яркого проявления его полководческого дарования. Занимая новгородский стол, молодой князь сумел летом 1240 г. отразить попытку Шведского королевства и его союзников построить крепость на русской территории при слиянии рр. Невы и Ижоры, а в начале и в апреле 1242 г. вернуть в состав новгородских земель Псков, а затем разгромить рыцарей Тевтонского Ордена в битве на льду Чудского озера.

The article deals with three years of Alexander Nevski’s biography (1240-1242). During these years, his talent as a General was revealed in the most striking manner. Being at the head of Novgorod, the young prince repulsed an attempt of Swedish King and his allies to build a fortress in the Russian area where the rivers Neva and Ishora flow together. Then at the beginning of 1242 and lately in April he returned Pskov to Novgorod territory, and finally defeated the Teutonic Order Knights in the battle of Lake Chudskoye.
The Burial of Alexander Nevsky in Vladimir: the Archaeology of the Veneration
Authors: Беляев Л.А. , Зыков П.Л. , Иоаннисян О.М. , Сиренов А.В.
Published: March 2021

В статье публикуются материалы по истории некрополя при главном храме монастыря Рождества Богородицы во Владимире, где в 1263 г. был погребен князь Александр Ярославич Невский. Основная часть сведений получена в 1997–2000 гг. при раскопках остатков собора (снесен в 1930 г.). Это белокаменные саркофаги и могилы, а также остатки самого собора, построенного в 1198 г. из белого камня, и его галереи, целиком перестроенной из кирпича в XVII в. В кладке галереи была обнаружена ниша с нижней частью саркофага, возможно, служившей одной из реликвий князя после переноса его мощей в Санкт-Петербург (1722–1724). Традиционные источники, рассказывающие о судьбе погребения князя Александра в XIV—XVIII вв., рассматриваются в свете археологических данных и новых архивных документов и фотографий (в том числе - о каменных гробах, найденных при сносе собора в 1930 г.).

Materials on the history of the necropolis near the principal church of the monastery of Nativity of Blessed Virgin where Prince Alexander Nevsky was buried in 1263 are published in the article. The main part of information was obtained during the excavation of the church remnants (excavations were performed in 1997-2000). The church was demolished in 1930. Archeologists discovered sarcophagi and tombs made of white stone and remnants of the very church built in 1198 of white stone and of its gallery that was rebuilt completely of bricks in the 17th century. A niche was discovered in the brickwork and contained a lower part of a sarcophagus. That served (probably) as a relic of Alexander upon his remnants transfer to Saint-Petersburg. Traditional sources telling the fate of Prince Alexander's internment are considered in light of archeological data and new archive documents and photos including photos of stone sarcophagi found during the demolition of the church in 1930.
On the Signatures of the Members of Boyar Duma in the Council Code of 1649 and their Purchase of the Printed Copy of the Book
Authors: Рабинович Я.Н.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассмотрены неизвестные страницы истории России середины XVII в., связанные с принятием Соборного уложения 1649 г. Уточнен персональный состав Боярской думы на момент составления Уложения. Особое внимание уделено отсутствию подписей некоторых членов Боярской думы на свитке Уложения, а также распространению печатного экземпляра Уложения среди членов Боярской думы. Подробно рассмотрен такой источник, как «Книга продаж» печатного экземпляра Уложения. Показано, что основную массу покупателей Уложения вначале составили члены Боярской думы и другие москвичи. При этом подавляющее число покупателей не участвовало в принятии Уложения и не расписалось на свитке этого документа.

The article discussed unknown pages in the history of Russia in the middle of the 17th century, associated with the adoption of the Cathedral Code of 1649. The personal composition of the Boyar Duma at the time of drawing up the Code has been clarified. Particular attention is paid to the absence of signatures of some members of the Boyar Duma on the scroll of the Code, as well as the distribution of a printed copy of the Code among the members of the Boyar Duma. A source such as the "Sales Book" of a printed copy of the Code is considered in detail. It is shown that the bulk of the buyers of the Code at first were members of the Boyar Duma and other Muscovites. At the same time, the overwhelming number of buyers did not participate in the adoption of the Code and did not sign on the roll of this document.
Alexander Nevsky as a Historic Personality: Controversial Problems
Authors: Горский А.А.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются события из биографии Александра Невского, оценка которых вызывает споры в исторической науке и публицистике. Это значение наиболее известных побед князя – на Неве над шведами и на Чудском озере над немецкими крестоносцами, а также отношения Александра с монгольскими завоевателями. Показано, что военные конфликты 1240-1242 гг. носили экстраординарный характер. Отношения зависимости русских земель от Чингисидов были установлены до того, как Александр стал играть ведущую политическую роль на Руси. Распространенный тезис о судьбоносном цивилизационном выборе между «Западом» и «Востоком», якобы сделанным Александром, научной основы под собой не имеет: реальной альтернативы подобного рода в ту эпоху не стояло.

The article covers controversial facts in the life of Alexander Nevsky in historical studies and journalism. These include the importance of the greatest military victories by Prince Alexander, in the Battle on the Neva against the Swedes, and in the Battle on the Ice against the German knights, as well as his relationship with the Mongol invaders. The author displays the uncommon nature of the armed conflicts of 1240–1242. It is believed that Russian lands subordinated to the Genghisians before Alexander Nevsky came to prominence. The popular hypothesis of the crucial choice between «the West» and «the East» allegedly made by Alexander is not evidence-based. Actually, there was no such dilemma at the time.
The role of employer brand practices in human resources management in job applications on company preference
Authors: Turk Abdullah , Vardarlier Pelin , Hazar Muhammet Ali
Published: March 2021

Employer branding is an important issue that businesses cannot neglect, as it is the process of creating a brand for employees and potential candidates. Especially with the development of technology, it has become easier to reach many resources. However, it has always been more difficult to reach talented human resources. At this point, discovering, attracting, and working with talented employees for a long time has attributed a key role to the employer brand. In this direction, the aim of the study is to investigate the roles of employer branding practices in attracting talents to the company in job applications. Content analysis, which is a qualitative analysis method, was used in the study. Maxqda 20 software program was used to access the findings of this analysis. In the research findings, it was seen that concepts such as reputation, communication, awareness, and the concept of Employer Brand were used together intensively. As a result of the research; It has been understood that businesses that want to attract talented employees to the company use the employer brand and communicate effectively with the external environment. It has been seen that this interaction supports the corporate reputation and this has played an important role in increasing the awareness of the company and in the preference and reliability
Burnout syndrome of airline crews during crisis and Covid 19 in the world and Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Yunus Emre
Published: March 2021

Airline employees also carry the risk of losing their jobs in times of crisis that closely affect the aviation industry. Therefore, it is important to investigate the burnout syndrome experienced by airline workers in times of crisis. This study aims to evaluate the burnout syndrome of airlines. Findings show that airline flight crews who experienced high levels of burnout syndrome during normal periods experienced less burnout syndrome during crisis periods. It is understood that the reason for this situation is that they cling to their jobs more tightly against the risk of losing their jobs.
Kinerja Karyawan: Peran Transformasional Leadership dan Skill Competence
Authors: Hikmah Nur
Published: March 2021

Purpose- The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of Transformational Leadership and Expertise Competencies on the employee performance of PBMTI Jepara.

Methods- Data were collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using SmartPLS (Partial Least Square).

Findings- The results of the analysis show that transformational leadership and skills competencies influence performance. Unexpectedly, the results show that transformational leadership has a negative effect on performance, while the Skills Competency has a positive effect on performance.
Asimetris Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Harga Saham Sektor Keuangan Periode 2013-2019
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the asymmetrical effect of the rupiah exchange rate on financial sector stock prices on the Indonesian stock exchange using the Non-Linear Autregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) method with monthly data. Estimation results show that interest rates and exchange rates affect the movement of stock prices in the financial sector, there is a long-term relationship between the exchange rate with financial sector stock prices, our results also show the asymmetrical impact of exchange rate variables on financial sector stock prices, we also find when the exchange rate is positive (appreciation ) the effect is lower than when the exchange rate is negative (depreciation).

 

Tulisan ini meneliti tentang efek asimetris kurs rupiah terhadap harga saham sektor keuangan di bursa efek Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode Non-Linier Autregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) dengan data bulanan.  Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa  suku bunga dan kurs berpengaruh terhadap pergerakan harga saham sektor keuangan, terdapat hubungan jangka panjang antara kurs dengan harga saham sektor keuangan, hasil kami juga menunjukkan dampak asimetris variabel kurs terhadap harga saham sektor keuangan, kami juga menemukan ketika kurs positif (apresiasi) pengaruhnya lebih rendah dibandingkan saat kurs negative (depresiasi).
THE FORMATION OF LEGAL RELATIONS ON ALIMONY AND MAINTENANCE AND THEIR SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
Authors: Abdurasul Bakhodirovich Minojiddinov
Published: March 2021

In the article have been analyzed the process of the formation of legal relations on alimony and maintenance and their similarities and differences by the helping scientific literatures and law documents as well.
KEY WORDS: legal relations, alimony, maintenance, financial support, Roman private law, family.
WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG IN MARKETING THE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Dr.Kamath Madhusudhana
Published: March 2021

Pharmaceutical marketing is the ability to reach the right health care professionals with the right note and spell. According to the Cambridge English Dictionary the business activity that involves finding out what customers want, using that information to design products and services, and selling them effectively. But recent studies on pharmaceutical marketing is full of controversy like issues and concerns of ethical and unethical marketing.
Analysis of wastewater disposal in depleted tight gas reservoirs: A sustainable resources approach
Authors:   Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran, Taghavinejad Amin , Shafeie Sepideh ,   Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Shirbazo Armin ,   Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
Published: March 2021

Wastewater injection into oil and gas fields is implemented for various purposes via injection wells. Disposing of wastewater, which is mostly waste saltwater produced with hydrocarbons in oil and gas fields, into underground petroleum reservoirs are usually tied with environmental purposes. Injection of wastewater into geologic strata may encompass different applications: hazardous or non-hazardous wastewater disposal, enhanced recovery from petroleum reservoirs or merely wastewater storage. Aside from the purpose of wastewater injection, modeling of wastewater flow in porous media of underground rock strata can be challenging in different petroleum reservoirs and wells. In this study, a tight gas reservoir (TGR)—as a large-scale sustainable material to store wastewater—is considered to be studied for water disposal via a multistage fractured horizontal well (MSFHW) by numerical simulation. Host rock layer is considered to be initially saturated with low-pressure methane gas and water injection has to be performed through the hydraulic fractures of the MSFHW into the rock pore volume. Injection is performed under constant bottomhole flowing pressure and several sensitivity analyses are investigated to outline important rock characteristics in TGRs affecting performance of wastewater injection into them.
Hasil belajar dengan pembelajaran berbasis board game dalam mata pelajaran PPKn untuk mengembangkan skill berpikir kritis siswa
Authors: Saylendra Nadya Putri , Rahmatiani Lusiana , Tampubolon Agustinus
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana hasil belajar dengan pembelajaran berbasis boardgame untuk mengembangkan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran PPKn. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Adapun pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hasil belajar dengan pembelajaraan berbasis boardgame untuk mengembangkan skill berpikir kritis siswa yaitu menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya perubahan sikap positif siswa, lebih kritis, mempunyai etos belajar yang baik, mampu mengeksplor pengetahuannya sendiri dan mampu bekerjasama dengan siswa yang lainnya.
PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGURUSTAMAAN GENDER (Studi Deskriptif Masyarakat Dusun Pasirkonci Kabupaten Subang)
Authors: Deasy aprilianti  , Yogi Nugraha  , Fitri Silvia Sofyan
Published: March 2021

Kesetaraan gender merupakan keadilan yang harus di samakan setiap orang, tidak memandang tingkatan orang tersebut, hak dan kewajibannya agar tidak terjadi ketimpangan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat agar meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai Hak dan keadilan yang perlu mereka dapatkan. Oleh karena itu gender bukanlah menjadi suatu keadaan yang bersifat sementara tapi kodrat yang sudah ditentukan dan memiliki proses yang berjalan terus menerus. Seseorang harus bersikap sebagai laki-laki atau perempuan harus bersikap sebagai perempuan disitulah cara pandang masyarakat saat ini karena masyarakat hanya berfikir bahwa laki-laki tidak bisa mengerjakan tanggung jawab perempuan dan sebaliknya. Dalam praktik sehari-hari selalu muncul pembedaan peran gender yang berakibat terjadinya bias gender, yakni suatu pandangan yang membedakan peran, kedudukan, serta tanggung jawab laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kehidupan keluarga, masyarakat dan pembangunan, bias gender sering berkonsekuensi diskriminasi gender.
Sleep Disturbance and its Associated Risk Factors among Pakistani Athletes
Authors: Muhammad Shah  , Dr. Farooq Hussain  , Azmat Ali
Published: March 2021

Sleep is increasingly being an integral part of a training routine rather than a stagnant state of inactivity, and as a controllable factor that can modify performance for elite athletes. Athletes report high rates of sleep disturbance especially during intense workloads which directly affects athletic performance and may predispose individuals to injury. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sleep and the various risk factors associated with it among Pakistani athletes.

From February to April 2020, a cross-sectional, multi-center study was conducted involving athletes aged 18 and up, of either gender, from various cities in Pakistan... A validated Urdu version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) instrument was used to identify sleep quality.

Out of 205 participants, n=84 athletes were bad sleepers based on PSQI score. Of whom, the majority were males n=75 (89.3%), and having age group of 18-30 years n=71 (84.5%). Binary logistic regression demonstrated no statistically significant association between any of the factor and PSQI score.

The study found a disturbing quality of sleep in a considerable number of athletes. Therefore, interventions should be done to improve sleep quality so that the performance of the athletes can be improved.
East meets West
Authors: Gassmann Jürg
Published: March 2021

By the Late Middle Ages, mounted troops - cavalry in the form of knights - are established as the dominant battlefield arm in North-Western Europe. This paper considers the development of cavalry after the Germanic Barbarian Successor Kingdoms such as the Visigoths in Spain or the Carolingian Franks emerged from Roman Late Antiquity and their encounters with Islam, as with the Moors in Iberia or the Saracens (Arabs and Turks) during the Crusades, since an important part of literature ascribes advances in European horse breeding and horsemanship to Arab influence. Special attention is paid to information about horse types or breeds, conformation, tactics - fighting with lance and bow - and training. Genetic studies and the archaeological record are incorporated to test the literary tradition.
Interpretation of Fiore dei Liberi’s Spear Plays
Authors: Dobi Jakob
Published: March 2021

How did Fiore Furlano use a spear? What is the context, purpose, and effect of entering a duel armed with a spear? My article- originally a successful thesis work for an Ars Ensis Free Scholler title- describes in detail what I found out by studying primary sources (Fiore’s works), related sources (contemporary and similar works), and hands-on experience in controlled play practice, as well as against uncooperative opponents. In this work I cover the basics- how to hold the spear, how to assume Fiore’s stances, how to attack, and how to defend yourself. I also argue that the spear is not, in fact, a preferable weapon to fence with in Fiore’s system, at least not if one uses it in itself. It is however, a reach advantage that has to be matched, and thus the terribly (mutually) unsafe situation of spear versus spear occurs. As a conclusion, considering context and illustrations of spear fencing, I argue that the spear is only to be considered paired with other weapons, like dagger, or sword. In fact, following Fiore’s logic, we can assume he used the spear to close the distance to use a weapon he feels more in control with.
How to Defend in Water: The French Sailors' Surprising Method of Self-defence (1921)
Authors: Garry Julien , Combet Eric
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Magistr dissertasiyasının yerinə yetirilməsi üzrə metodik göstəriş
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: March 2021

Metodik göstəriş. Magistr dissertasiyasının yerinə yetirilməsi, elmi-tədqiqat və elmi-pedaqoji təcrübələrin təşkilinə dair metodik göstərişlər toplusu Bakı: “İqtisad Universiteti nəşriyyatı”, 2007.
Disciplina Didática da Matemática nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática a Distância: o que apresentam os documentos destes cursos
Authors: Witt Claudia , Panossian Maria Lucia
Published: March 2021

O estudo aqui apresentado objetivou identificar quais aspectos teóricos, práticos, conteúdos e forma são considerados na disciplina Didática da Matemática nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática a Distância. Para alcançá-lo, realizou-se pesquisa documental a partir dos dados obtidos no sítio do Ministério da Educação. Identificou-se a existência de 44 cursos nesta modalidade de ensino, possibilitando a coleta de 19 Planos Pedagógicos de Curso e 26 Matrizes Curriculares. A análise das Matrizes permitiu identificar a disciplina Didática da Matemática em 08 destes cursos e foram coletadas as Ementas da disciplina. A análise realizou-se considerando os pares dialéticos teoria-prática e conteúdo-forma e revelou que a disciplina Didática da Matemática assume enfoque teórico, que a prática adotada pode ser reconhecida pelo movimento no sentido de criar, planejar, realizar, gerir e avaliar situações didáticas para o ensino da matemática, dentre outras. Em relação aos conteúdos programáticos, identifica-se a abordagem de parte dos conhecimentos que a didática da matemática como ciência pode possibilitar. Para desenvolvê-los, adota, de modo geral, forma expositiva nas aulas. Alguns destes cursos pretendem a formação para pesquisador em educação matemática. O estudo revelou a necessidade de fomentar discussões sobre a importância da disciplina para a formação inicial de professores.
Overlooking the political economy in the research on propaganda
Authors: Abhishek Aman
Published: March 2021

Historically, scholars studying propaganda have focused on its psychological and behavioral im-pacts on audiences. This tradition has roots in the unique historical trajectory of the United States through the 20th century. This article argues that this tradition is quite inadequate to tackle prop-aganda-related issues in the Global South, where a deep understanding of the political economy of propaganda and misinformation is urgently needed.
Tingkat Efisiensi Penggunaan Resep Dokter Spesialis Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering
Authors: Sharon  , Defit Sarjon , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi
Published: March 2021

The National Formulary (Fornas) is a list of drugs stipulated in a Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, which is used as a guideline for hospitals in drug supply for participants of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. Doctor's prescription is one indicator of the quality of hospital services. Prescribing drugs based on guidelines will provide efficiency in the supply of drugs. The purpose of this study was to facilitate controlling drug supplies, safe use of drugs and control costs and quality of treatment. K-Means Clustering is a method of grouping data into clusters using the K-Means algorithm. The data used in this study was a specialist doctor's prescription in December 2019 which was sourced from the Pharmacy department of the Meranti Islands District Hospital. The results of this research with the K-Means Clustering method consisted of 3 (three) clusters, namely cluster 0 obeying Fornas as many as 2 polyclinics, cluster 1 being less obedient to Fornas as many as 2 polyclinics and cluster 2 not obeying Fornas as many as 3 polyclinics. This research can be used as a reference and evaluation to hospital management on the efficiency level of using specialist doctor's prescriptions in improving the quality of hospital services.
Pemilihan Kualitas Gambir dengan Multi-Objective Optimization on The Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA)
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Sumijan
Published: March 2021

Gambier (gambir plantae) is an half of perdu plantation which in separated in several regions of Indonesia. It is especially live in Sumatra, Java, Maluku, and Burneo. In West Sumatra province, gambir is used to component for menyirih (betle) and also the farmer of gambir asproduction as. It is reserving from hot water. Extraction come from the leaves and twigs of gambir in depositor forms, then printed and then turned into dried forms. The gambir farmers usually sell their productions to the collectors with a certaibty prices. Gambir has many qualities based from it processing, catechin contains, colors, ash contains, water contains, and also its density. Some its barries often occurs from the gambir processing being into product, which a minusly quality suffers, that cause gambir price in decrease or not to expensive conditions in the market by using support decision by Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) methode is a multi objektives system from which can be optimated some atributes whom contradicting each other in simultaneously, either lost profit (cost) or getting profit (benefit), the system using these methode used to choose some gambir qualified form for determine its price. These data of sample taken form Pesisir Selatan gambir, which the research result farmed that gambier ranked can be as support as some decisions to make the best gambir as price decision as. Form theseresearch could be conclude that the best gambir have an higher catechin contains, low water contains, a slightly ash contains, with a yellowish skin, and have as highest as density. Based on the data of sample of research, the best gambier in qualified in getting from Siam and pian with the grade in 0.163 with the good one criteria condition. From gambier standardization, all of gambier which have upper grade standars, qualified into good gambier quality, gambier with high quality or good can give an expensive price that encourages some gambir farmers in motivation to process gambir product being increase gambier quality that can be improve the price selling gambir as well as the purchase of gambier products.
Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Daring dan Tatap Muka Langsung dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Bimbingan TIK Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation
Authors: Salmiati S , Yunus Yuhandri , Sumijan S
Published: March 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has a major impact on the world of education. Government policies to implement Distance Learning (PJJ) have an impact on learning in schools. Increasing ICT competence is needed to support the smooth running of PJJ. One of them is through ICT guidance activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. SMP Negeri 1 Lengayang carried out online and face-to-face ICT guidance activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, student learning outcomes in online and face-to-face learning have not shown maximum results. Various obstacles arise that affect student learning outcomes. Teachers have difficulty measuring the level of students' understanding of ICT guidance. Predicting the level of understanding of students is important as a measure of learning success during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study aims to predict the level of understanding of students in online and face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 period, so that it can also help schools to take the right policies to improve the quality of learning for the future. This study uses the Backpropagation method of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN is a part of artificial intelligence that can be used to predict. The data that is managed is a recap of the value of student cognitive learning outcomes during ICT guidance in online and face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The results of calculations using the Backpropagation method with the Matlab application produce a percentage value for the level of student understanding, so that the accuracy value in prediction is obtained. With the results of testing the predictive accuracy of the level of understanding online and face-to-face with the 3-10-1 pattern, the best accuracy value is 95%. The prediction results can measure the level of students' understanding of learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic towards ICT guidance.
Prediksi Tingkat Kepuasan dalam Pembelajaran Daring Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes
Authors: Damanik Abdi Rahim , Sumijan S , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi
Published: March 2021

The growth of learning at this time is influenced by advances in data and communication technology. One of the data technologies that functioned in the world of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was online education. Online education is used as a liaison between lecturers and students in an internet network that can be accessed at any time. The online media used are Whatsapp, Google Classroom, Google Meet, Cloud x and the Zoom application. This research aims to predict the level of student satisfaction in online education as well as to distribute donations to large academies in making policies related to improving the quality of education online. The information used was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 110 students of the 2020/2021 class. The parameters in the questionnaire are lecturer communication, online education atmosphere, student evaluation, module delivery. Naïve Bayes is a prediction method for finding simple probabilities based on the Bayes theorem with a strong assumption of independence. Rapid Miner is one of the tools used for testing information and viewing the results of accuracy based on revolutionary information. The results of testing using 80 training information and 30 testing information display an accuracy of 100%. There were 3 respondents who reported dissatisfaction and 27 respondents reported being satisfied with online education. On the dissatisfied prediction, the precision class has a value of 100%, on the other hand, the prediction of being satisfied is 100%, and the class recall of true, not satisfied, has a value of 100%, whereas the class recall of true is satisfied to have 100%.
Klasifikasi Kualitas Mutu Daun Gambir Ladang Rakyat Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Winanda Teddy , Yunus Yuhandri , Hendrick H
Published: March 2021

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang memiliki kualitas gambir terbaik di dunia. Beberapa daerah di Indonesia yang memiliki kualitas gambir terbaik seperti Aceh, Riau, Sumatera Utara, Bengkulu, Sumatera Selatan, dan Sumatera Barat. Kabupaten 50 Kota adalah salah satu daerah di Sumatera Barat sebagai pemasok gambir dunia. Pemilihan daun gambir dilakukan secara konvensional oleh petani dengan melihat langsung warna, bentuk dan ketebalan daun. Petani biasanya mengelompokkan kualitas daun gambir menjadi bagus dan jelek. Computer Vision dapat membantu petani untuk melakukan klasifikasi daun gambir secara otomatis. Untuk membuat system ini secara otomatis dengan computer vision, maka dibutuhkan citra daun gambir untuk membentuk dataset. Dataset ini yang kemudian digunakan untuk proses training dan testing klasifikasi daun gambir. Citra sudah dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 citra daun gambir yang bersumber dari ladang rakyat Kabupaten 50 Kota. 60 citra daun gambir itu terdiri dari 30 citra gambir kualitas baik dan 30 citra gambir kualitas jelek. Selanjutnya citra daun gambir diolah menggunakan pengolahan citra digital menggunakan bahasa pemrograman python dengan framework TensorFlow dan Keras. Untuk mendapatkan waktu proses yang lebih cepat, digunakanlah sistem operasi Linux Ubuntu 18.04. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan klasifikasi kualitas daun gambir ini adalah Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dengan arsitektur miniVGGNet. Hasil gambar augmentasi untuk gambir kualitas bagus sebanyak 3000 gambar. Sedangkan untuk gambar kualitas jelek juga didapatkan hasil yang sama sebanyak 3000 gambar, dengan total gambar menjadi 6000 gambar. Klasifikasi daun gambir yang dihasilkan dengan metode Convolutional Neural Network menggunakan arsitekur miniVGGNet mendapatkan tingkat akurasi 0,9987 atau 99,87%. Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan kualitas daun gambir dengan sangat baik.
Young Students' Ability on Understanding and Constructing Geometric Proofs
Authors: Matheou Argyrou Aphrodite  , Panaoura Rita
Published: March 2021

The present study investigated early secondary education students' ability to understand and to construct
geometric proofs before and after the typical teaching of the Euclidean Geometry. At primary education the proof is related to reasoning, while at secondary education the formation of mathematical proof is introduced. Students' difficulties can be examined under the framework of a possible gap. The research tools which were constructed, aimed to investigate the impact of students' conceptions about the structure of proof (experimental, semi-experimental and formal) on their ability to construct geometric proofs and to identify errors on presented to them "proofs". There were two main phases of measurement, before and after the teaching of Euclidean Geometry for the first time at the early grades of secondary education. Results indicated that the majority of the students recognized the value of using mathematical symbols and the necessity of presenting a logical structure of the arguments in order to construct a proof, while at the same time many students preferred the semi-empirical proof as an acceptable form of a constructed mathematical proof. Additionally, results indicated that students had plenty of difficulties to solve tasks related to geometric proof which were presented to them verbally and without any figure. Based on the results of the present study the students' difficulties on studying and constructing geometric proofs are discussed in relation to the teaching practices of the concept of proof at the first grades of secondary education.
Marjaʿiyya between law and laity: The requirements of jurists as imagined by their followers
Authors: Zargar Cameron
Published: March 2021

A marjaʿ must fulfil both the minimum conditions outlined in Islamic law and the unstated requirements of his position. The latter consist of practical concerns as well as fulfilling the expectations of the very people who provide him with legitimacy. In the context of Iran, these expectations are, in a way, similar to the legal conditions of Marjaʻiyya; both demand that the marjaʿ be exceedingly knowledgeable and devout. They diverge, however, in terms of definition. My research demonstrates that lay people in Iran do not merely expect that a marjaʿ has a mastery over legal sources but that he also understands how to apply the law to his particular society. Furthermore, it is not sufficient in the eyes of these followers for a marjaʿ to observe Islamic law. Rather, they expect him to exceed them in practice and earn their approval. The ideas articulated by these individuals corresponds with the writings of marājiʿ outside the mainstream in Iran. This indicates that the marājiʿ are aware of such concerns yet intentionally decide to restrict the legal conditions for becoming a marjaʿ, perhaps in an effort to avoid confusion over the definition of Marjaʻiyya.
The Canonization of Nahj al‑Balāgha between Najaf and Ḥilla: Sistani and the Iconic Authority of the Marājiʿ
Authors: Ali Aun Hasan
Published: March 2021

Despite the relatively narrow construction of their authority in substantive law, there is ample evidence from which to conclude that the marājiʿ wield authority in other realms too. While much of the scholarship on the marjaʿiyya has focused on their political authority in Muslim-majority societies, their status as cultural icons is arguably more important for understanding their global influence. This article examines how marājiʿ use their "iconic authority" to shape canons. In particular, it focuses on a recent statement by al-Sayyid ʿAlī al-Ḥusaynī al-Sīstānī that describes Nahj al-balāgha as an explanation of the meanings of the Quran. It is argued that, by seeking to organize and regulate reading practices, al-Sīstānī's statement contributes to the canonization of Nahj al-balāgha. To fully appreciate the significance of al-Sīstānī's statement, however, one needs to situate it within the history of the text. I argue that the School of Ḥilla is an excellent vantage point from which to view the history of the canonization of Nahj al-balaghah because it can be considered the formative period of Imāmī tradition in important respects. Evidence from the School of Ḥillah confirms that Nahj al-balāghah played a role in the organization and representation of Imāmī tradition, but there is little evidence of the notion that it is an explanation of the meanings of the Quran. Drawing upon J. Z. Smith's classic treatment of canon, I conclude that the novelty of this view is further evidence that Nahj al-balāgha is canonical.
Editorial: Marjaʿiyya and society
Authors: Zargar Cameron
Published: March 2021

The marājiʿ (sing. marjaʿ) are the most prominent jurists of Twelver Shīʿism. Though primarily located in Iran and Iraq, they have millions of followers across the globe. It is by way of these followers (muqallids) that the marājiʿ receive the financial support and spiritual capital necessary to achieve their status. It is also up to followers to choose to abide by the laws the marājiʿ write. As a result, a marjaʿ’s legitimacy is largely dependent upon his reception by and engagement with society. Linda Walbridge, Farhard Khosrokhavar, Amir Nikpey, Thomas Fibiger, and Elvire Corboz have all investigated how the marājiʿ are received by their communities. The current issue of the Journal of the Contemporary Study of Islam explores this phenomenon further.
Development and Validation of a Functional Foods Frequency Questionnaire for Greek Adults
Authors: Olga Papagianni , Athanasia Staramou , Nikolaos Rigopoulos , Charalampia Dimou , Antonios Koutelidakis
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate whether a food frequency questionnaire is a valid tool for recording and evaluating the frequency of consumption of different functional foods in a sample of the Greek population. Ninety healthy adults aged 18-75 years, not on a specific diet for the past six months and residing in the same location during the past one year were randomly selected to participate in this study. They answered a functional food frequency questionnaire, which included 76 food groups, and filled three consecutive 24-h recalls. The functional food frequency questionnaire was weighted by grams of each food group consumed per day. SPSS-21 program was used for the interpretation of the results. The nonparametric Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to correlate the variables derived from the functional food frequency questionnaire and those derived from the mean of the 24-h recall. The functional food frequency questionnaire was validated at the rate of 80.3%, especially for 61 of 76 functional food subgroups, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two assessment tools, concerning food frequency consumption. These findings showed that the developed functional food frequency questionnaire is a valid tool to investigate the frequency of functional foods consumption in the Greek population.
Faktor-faktor penunjang produk nano spray dengan metode factor analysis
Authors: Nurhayati Ai
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify supporting factors in the selection of nano spray products. This study uses factor analysis method through SPSS statistics software. The results showed that there are two main factors that support nano spray products, namely tool and content factors.

Keywords: Factor analysis, Nano spray, SPSS, Statistics
Dinî İnanç, İbadet ve Dua’nın Umutsuzlukla İlişkisi
Authors: Kımter Nurten
Published: March 2021

Dünyayı anlayıp kavrayabilecek bir akla ve kendisini duyuların ötesine götürebilecek bir hayal gücüne sahip olmasıyla diğervarlıklardan ayrılan insanın bir ucu ezeliyetin karanlıklarında öbür ucu ise istikbalin sonsuzluğunda bulunmaktadır. İnsanıngeleceğe dönük bir takım amaçlarının, tasarılarının, beklentilerinin olması ve bunlar için çaba sarf etmesi, yaşamı, doğayı,insanları sevmesi, dünyaya karşı iyimser bir bakış açısına sahip olması yani ümitvar olması onun ruh sağlığının da bir ölçüsüolmaktadır. Zira insanın hayatın olumsuzlukları karşısında yaşama sevincini yitirerek, amaçsız, hedefsiz bir hale gelmesi vedünyaya karamsar bir bakış açısı sergilemesi demek olan umutsuzluk, ruhsal, bedensel ve toplumsal rahatsızlıkların kaynağınıteşkil etmektedir.
New species of Arctiocossus Felder, 1874 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae: Cossinae) from Republic of South Africa
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V.
Published: March 2021

The article describes a new species, Arctiocossus strohlei Yakovlev, sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Cossidae: Cossinae) from Republic of South Africa (Free State Province). The catalog of the genus is provided, the general distributional map is given. The article has 6 illustrations.
Food Choices and COVID-19: A Study of Traditional Dietary Habits in Chandigarh, India
Authors: Das Suraj , Mishra Anindya Jayanta
Published: March 2021

The study aims to understand the traditional dietary habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and to comprehend the role of societal norms associated with gender in the context of Chandigarh, India. The present paper reports the findings from a cross-section survey conducted in September-October 2020 in Chandigarh in India. In total, there were 70 participants for the primary survey. A five-point Likert scale was used for the primary survey on a scale anchored with Strongly Agree (5) to Strongly Disagree (1). We conducted a Chi-square test and Regression Analysis to test the hypothesis. The result proved that socio-cultural and gender norms are significant for food choice during pandemics. The study will benefit the policymakers while framing the policy dealing with pandemic considering the local socio-cultural perspective. The sample size was very small. Therefore, the outcomes of the study may not be generalized for the whole population of Chandigarh, India.