bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hemispheric dome setup for naturalistic visual stimulation in head-fixed mice
Authors: Kautzky Magdalena , Peterreins Verena , Qiu Yongrong , Zhao Zhijian , Kotkat Ann H. , Katzner Steffen , Euler Thomas , Busse Laura
Published: June 2024

The visual system of any animal species is adapted to its ecological niche. Thus, investigating visual function and behavior using naturalistic stimuli holds significant potential. In mice, these adaptations include a field of view of ∼280° and cone opsins sensitive to UV and green wavelengths. Such adaptations, however, cannot be probed with standard consumer displays. To present naturalistic visual stimuli to mice, we built a hemispheric dome setup, enabling the controlled projection of wide-field movies with UV-green spectral content. For our UV-green projection, we used a customized light engine with external high-power LEDs. We mitigated spatial distortions introduced by the projection through a geometry-independent calibration procedure. Additionally, we adapted a head-mounted eye tracking system to capture behavioral responses of head-fixed mice viewing these stimuli. We validated our setup by quantifying the pupillary light reflex to uniform stimuli and the optokinetic reflex to drifting gratings. Finally, in experiments with naturalistic movies, we investigated whether mice showed differential saccades and eye positions based on visual input. Comparing naturalistic movies to a uniform screen control condition, we observed that although head-fixed mice did not make targeted saccades during movies, their overall eye position consistently shifted towards more frontal regions of visual space. This indicates that mice adjust their eye position in a stimulus-dependent way, potentially to optimize visual processing of information ahead in the visual field. Together, our results highlight the utility of our setup for in vivo studies of the mouse visual system with more naturalistic visual stimulation.

Significance Statement

Over the past decades, mice have emerged as a prominent model for vision. Nonetheless, compared to primates, mice inhabit a different visual niche, featuring several species-specific adaptations, including a wide field of view and sensitivity to UV light. Both adaptations cannot be adequately studied using consumer displays commonly employed in vision research. We therefore built a hemispheric dome setup allowing the presentation of wide field movies with appropriate spectral content and tracking eye movements and pupil dynamics in head-fixed mice with minimal shadows. We provide a baseline assessment of the setup leveraging two well-established eye reflexes. We also showcase the setup’s utility by reporting adjustments in eye movements when mice viewed the naturalistic movies.
Generating human AMN and cALD iPSC-derived astrocytes with potential for modeling X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy phenotypes
Authors: Kaur Navtej , Singh Jaspreet
Published: June 2024

X-adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Similar mutations in ABCD1 may result in a spectrum of phenotypes in males with slow progressing adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and fatal cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) dominating the majority of cases. Mouse model of X-ALD does not capture the phenotype differences and an appropriate model to investigate mechanism of disease onset and progress remains a critical need. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived and cell models derived from them have provided useful tools for investigating cell-type specific disease mechanisms. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from skin fibroblasts of two each of apparently healthy control, AMN and cALD patients with non-integrating mRNA-based reprogramming. iPSC lines expanded normally and expressed pluripotency markers Oct4, SOX2, Nanog, SSEA and TRA-1-60. Expression of markers SOX17, brachyury, Desmin, Oxt2 and beta tubulin III demonstrated the ability of the iPSCs to differentiate into all three germ layers. iPSC-derived lines from CTL, AMN and cALD male patients were differentiated into astrocytes. Differentiated AMN and cALD astrocytes lacked ABCD1 expression and accumulated VLCFA, a hallmark of X-ALD. These patient astrocytes provide disease-relevant tools to investigate mechanism of differential neuroinflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming in X-ALD. Further these patient-derived human astrocyte cell models will be valuable for testing new therapeutics.
A newly-identified mini-hairpin shaped nascent peptide blocks translation termination by a novel mechanism
Authors: Ando Yushin , Kobo Akinao , Niwa Tatsuya , Yamakawa Ayako , Konoma Suzuna , Kobayashi Yuki , Nureki Osamu , Taguchi Hideki , Itoh Yuzuru , Chadani Yuhei
Published: June 2024

Protein synthesis by ribosomes not only produces functional proteins but also serves diverse functions depending on the coding amino acid sequences. Certain nascent peptides interact with the ribosome exit tunnel to arrest translation and modulate the expression of downstream genes or themselves. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of such ribosome stalling and its regulation remains elusive. In this study, we systematically screened for unidentified ribosome arrest peptides through phenotypic evaluation, proteomics, and MS analyses, leading to the discovery of novel arrest peptides PepNL and NanCL inE. coli. Our cryo-EM study on PepNL revealed a unique arrest mechanism, in which the N-terminus of PepNL folds back towards the tunnel entrance to prevent the catalytic GGQ motif of release factor from accessing the peptidyl transferase center, causing translation arrest at the UGA stop codon. Furthermore, unlike other sensory arrest peptides that require an arrest inducer, PepNL uses tryptophan as an arrest releaser, where Trp-tRNA reads through the stop codon. Our findings illuminate the mechanism and regulatory framework of nascent peptide-induced translation arrest, paving the way for exploring regulatory nascent peptides.
Late sporogonic stages ofPlasmodiumparasites are susceptible to the melanization response inAnopheles gambiaemosquitoes
Authors: Zeineddine Suheir , Jaber Sana , Saab Sally A. , Nakhleh Johnny , Dimopoulos George , Osta Mike A.
Published: June 2024

The malaria-causing parasites have to complete a complex infection cycle in the mosquito vector that also involves attack by the insect’s innate immune system, especially at the early stages of midgut infection. However,Anophelesimmunity to the latePlasmodiumsporogonic stages, such as oocysts, has received little attention as they are considered to be concealed from immune factors due to their location under the midgut basal lamina and for harboring an elaborate cell wall comprising an external layer derived from the basal lamina that confers self-properties to an otherwise foreign structure. Here, we investigated whetherPlasmodium bergheioocysts and sporozoites are susceptible to melanization-based immunity inAnopheles gambiae. Silencing of the negative regulator of melanization response, CLIPA14, increased melanization prevalence without significantly increasing the numbers of melanized oocysts, while co-silencing CLIPA14 with CLIPA2, a second negative regulator of melanization, resulted in a significant increase in melanized oocysts and melanization prevalence. Only late-stage oocysts were found to be melanized, suggesting that oocyst rupture was a prerequisite for melanization-based immune attack, presumably due to the loss of the immune-evasive features of their wall. We also found melanized sporozoites inside oocysts and in the hemocoel, suggesting that sporozoites at different maturation stages are susceptible to melanization. Silencing the melanization promoting factors TEP1 and CLIPA28 rescued oocyst melanization in CLIPA2/CLIPA14 co-silenced mosquitoes. Interestingly, silencing of CTL4, that protects early stage ookinetes from melanization, had no effect on oocysts and sporozoites, indicating differential regulation of immunity to early and late sporogonic stages. Similar to previous studies addressing ookinete stage melanization, the melanization ofPlasmodium falciparumoocysts was significantly lower than that observed forP. berghei. In summary, our results provide conclusive evidence that late sporogonic malaria parasite stages are susceptible to melanization, and we reveal distinct regulatory mechanisms for ookinete and oocyst melanization.
Massive outbreak of Influenza A H5N1 in elephant seals at Península Valdés, Argentina: increased evidence for mammal-to-mammal transmission
Authors: Uhart Marcela , Vanstreels Ralph E. T. , Nelson Martha I. , Olivera Valeria , Campagna Julieta , Zavattieri Victoria , Lemey Philippe , Campagna Claudio , Falabella Valeria , Rimondi Agustina
Published: June 2024

H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the clade 2.3.4.4b have killed thousands of marine mammals in South America since 2022. In October 2023, following outbreaks in sea lions in Argentina, we recorded unprecedented mass mortality (∼17,000 individuals) in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Península Valdés. Seal pups were disproportionately affected. Adult seals departed early, disrupting social and breeding structure. Frequent interactions with sea lions and scavenging by seagulls were observed. Deaths of terns concurred with seals but peaked weeks later. HPAI H5N1 was confirmed in seals and terns. Moreover, genomic characterization showed viruses from pinnipeds and terns in Argentina form a distinct clade with marine mammal viruses from Peru, Chile and Brazil. These mammal-clade viruses share an identical set of mammalian adaptation mutations which are notably also found in the terns. Our combined ecological and phylogenetic data support mammal-to-mammal transmission and occasional mammal-to-bird spillover. To our knowledge, this is the first multinational transmission of H5N1 viruses in mammals ever observed globally. The implication that H5N1 viruses are becoming more evolutionary flexible and adapting to mammals in new ways could have global consequences for wildlife, humans, and/or livestock.
Integrated Stress Response Triggered by Excessive Glycosylation Drives Thoracic Aortic aneurysm
Authors: Rochano-Ortiz Antonio , San Sebastian-Jaraba Irene , Zamora Carmen , Simó Carolina , García-Cañas Virginia , Martínez-Albaladejo Sacramento , Fernandez-Gomez María José , Velho Tiago R. , Ruíz-Rodríguez María Jesús , Leal-Zafra Amanda , Gabandé Enrique , Martinez-Martinez Sara , Guala Andrea , Lorenzo Óscar , Blanco-Colio Luis Miguel , Martín-Ventura José Luís , Teixido-Tura Gisela , Forteza Alberto , Nistal J. Francisco , Redondo Juan Miguel , Méndez-Barbero Nerea , Mittelbrunn María , Oller Jorge
Published: June 2024

Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) are marked by degenerative changes in the aortic media. Marfan syndrome is the most common inherited connective tissue disorder associated with TAAD. While vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) metabolism is emerging as a targetable driver of aortic aneurysm, surgical interventions remain the primary strategy to prevent aortic dissection. Our research indicates that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), a branch of glycolysis, is upregulated in aortas from theFbn1C1041G/+Marfan Syndrome mouse model. Enhancing HBP activity promotes aortic dilation and accumulation glycan-rich extracellular matrix, contributing to aortic medial degeneration in wild-type mice. Mechanistically, fueling HBP activity induces VSMC dysfunction through excessive glycosylation, which activates the Integrated Stress Response (ISR). Pharmacological inhibition of HBP, along with ISR inhibition, successfully reverses aortic dilation and aortic medial degeneration inFbn1C1041G/+Marfan Syndrome mouse model. Additionally, Marfan Syndrome patients show elevated levels of HBP metabolites in blood plasma and serum, and heightened HBP-ISR signaling in patients with TAAD. These findings unveil a potential causative role for the HBP-ISR axis in medial degeneration in human TAAD, underscoring the need for evaluating HBP and ISR pathway as novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for thoracic aortic aneurysm.
The use of vocal coordination in male African elephant group departures: evidence of active leadership and consensus
Authors: O’Connell-Rodwell Caitlin E. , Berezin Jodie L. , Pignatelli Alessio , Rodwell Timothy C.
Published: June 2024

Group-living animals engage in coordinated vocalizations to depart from a location as a group, and often, to come to a consensus about the direction of movement. Here, we document for the first time, the use of coordinated vocalizations, the “let’s go” rumble, in wild male African elephant group departures from a waterhole. We recorded vocalizations and collected behavioral data as known individuals engaged in these vocal bouts during June-July field seasons in 2005, 2007, 2011, and 2017 at Mushara waterhole within Etosha National Park, Namibia. During departure events, we documented which individuals were involved in the calls, the signature structure of each individual’s calls, as well as the ordering of callers, the social status of the callers, and those who initiated departure. The “let’s go” rumble was previously described in tight-knit family groups to keep the family together during coordinated departures. Male elephants are described as living in loose social groups, making this finding particularly striking. We found that this vocal coordination occurs in groups of closely associated, highly bonded individuals and rarely occurs between looser associates. The three individuals most likely to initiate the “let’s go” rumble bouts were all highly socially integrated, and one of these individuals was also the most dominant overall. This suggests that more socially integrated individuals might be more likely to initiate, or lead, a close group of associates in the context of leaving the waterhole, just as a dominant female would do in a family group. The fact that many individuals were often involved in the vocal bouts, and that departure periods could be shorter, longer, or the same amount of time as pre-departure periods, all suggest that there is consensus with regard to the act of leaving, even though the event was triggered by a lead individual.
Running, Fast and Slow: The Dorsal Striatum Sets the Cost of Movement During Foraging
Authors: Morvan Thomas , Eloy Christophe , Robbe David
Published: June 2024

During reward-oriented behaviors, animals –including humans– spontaneously adjust the speeds of their decisions and movements based on dynamically changing costs and benefits. The mechanisms constraining these adaptive modulations remain unclear, especially in freely moving animals. Here, we developed a naturalistic foraging task in which rats decided when and how fast to run across a motorized treadmill to collect rewards. Model-based analyses explained why decision and movement speeds were coupled or decoupled as rats adapted to changes in reward value or motor cost, respectively. Moreover, lesions of the dorsal striatum increased the animals’ sensitivity to motor cost, limiting their running speed in the most effortful conditions while sparing reward-related behavioral modulations. Altogether, our study describes how neuroeconomic constraints influence decision and movement speeds in foraging rats, and paves the way for a refined understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in motor control and decision-making.
Effects of lysine and methionine on mRNA expression of candidate transcription factors by primary bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Li Boning , Edick Ashlin M. , Fox Madison K. , Doelman John , Burgos Sergio A. , Cant John P.
Published: June 2024

It has been established that essential amino acids (EAA) regulate protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells by rapidly altering the phosphorylation state of translation factors. However, the long-term transcriptional response to EAA supply has been investigated much less. Eight transcription factors were selected as candidate mediators of EAA effects on mammary cell function via the amino acid response (ATF4,ATF6), mitogen-activated protein kinase (JUN,FOS,EGR1), and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MYC,HIF1A,SREBF1). The objective was to determine if and when expression of these candidate genes was affected in primary cultures of bovine mammary epithelial cells more than 24 h after imposing an EAA deficiency, and to evaluate effects of EAA deficiency on protein synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum size, cell proliferation, and lipogenesis. Differentiated cells were cultured in 1 of 3 treatment media representing normal physiological concentrations of all amino acids (CTL), low lysine (LK), or low methionine (LM) for 24, 40, 48, or 60 h. Both LK and LM suppressed protein synthesis and activatedATF4expression, indicating the classic amino acid response pathway had been triggered. However, there was no effect of LK or LM on endoplasmic reticulum size, possibly related to elevatedATF6expression on LM. Expression of early response genesJUN,FOS,EGR1andMYCwas not elevated by EAA deficiency but LM decreasedEGR1expression. LM also increased expression ofHIF1A. TheEGR1andHIF1Aexpression results are consistent with the decrease in cell proliferation rate observed. Variable responses inSREBF1expression to LK and LM at different timepoints may have contributed to a lack of effect on lipogenesis rates. These findings indicate that EAA deficiency may inhibit mammary protein synthesis and cell proliferation through transcription factors.
Macrophage subtypes inhibit breast cancer proliferation in culture
Authors: Varady Sophia R.S. , Greiner Daniel , Roh-Johnson Minna
Published: June 2024

Macrophages are a highly plastic cell type that adopt distinct subtypes and functional states depending on environmental cues. These functional states can vary wildly, with distinct macrophages capable of displaying opposing functions. We sought to understand how macrophage subtypes that exist on two ends of a spectrum influence the function of other cells. We used a co-culture system with primary human macrophages to probe the effects of macrophage subtypes on breast cancer cell proliferation. Our studies revealed a surprising phenotype in which both macrophage subtypes inhibited cancer cell proliferation compared to cancer cells alone. Of particular interest, using two different proliferation assays with two different breast cancer cell lines, we showed that differentiating macrophages into a “pro-tumor” subtype inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation. These findings are inconsistent with the prevailing interpretation that “pro-tumor” macrophages promote cancer cell proliferation and suggest a re-evaluation of how these interpretations are made.
Political skill and personal reputation: an analysis of workplace and entrepreneurial outcomes
Authors: Saleem Sharjeel , Shaheen Kanwal , Rafiq Asia , Arslan Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to specifically analyze the interrelationships of employee political skill and personal reputation with both workplace and non-workplace outcomes. The study further focuses on performance and career development as workplace outcomes and entrepreneurial intentions as a non-workplace outcome, while analyzing employee political skill and personal reputation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a survey method, where multi-source data were collected in a time-lagged fashion from the employees working in the textile sector in an under-researched emerging economy setting of Pakistan.

Findings

The findings establish that political skill is a significant predictor of employee job performance, career development and entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, the mediating role of personal reputation was confirmed for the proposed relationships. Hence, the findings highlight the contributory role of personal reputation in the enhancement of workplace and non-workplace outcomes, such as entrepreneurial intentions linked to political skill.

Research limitations/implications

Despite some limitations, this paper offers theoretical implications both for political skill and indirect reciprocity literature. A vital theoretical contribution is extended by studying the mediating role of personal reputation in the main relationships analyzed in this paper. The scope of indirect reciprocity is expanded by identifying personal reputation as a vital mechanism for indirect reciprocity.

Practical implications

Organizations should focus on developing political skill amongst their employees, as these skills are salient for amassing a favorable reputation, that eventually leads to performance, career growth and development of entrepreneurial intentions. Organizations should put in place careful selection and coaching and mentoring programs that equip employees with such skills that eventually lead toward the alignment of employees’ personal goals and organizational goals. Employees, then, could focus on priming both organizational and personal goals.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the pioneering studies that specifically link employee political skill with job performance, career development and entrepreneurial intentions, especially in the relatively volatile and under-researched context of Pakistan. Another novelty of this research is the investigation of personal reputation as a psychological mechanism underlying the primary relationships proposed in this research.
Competency ambidexterity to achieve leadership excellence and reduce derailment risk in a globalized world: a cross-cultural study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zahir-ul-Hassan Muhammad Kaleem , Wei Feng , Leslie Jean
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper explores the link between leadership derailment risk and competency ambidexterity in a digitalized global environment. It also investigates the impact of balanced skills on leadership success in collectivist and assertive cultures.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach is employed using survey data from 766 American and Japanese managers and eight interviews across four diverse cultures. It uncovers the intricate relationship between leadership derailment risk and competency ambidexterity.

Findings

Optimal competency ambidexterity lowers the risks of leadership incompetence (operationalized as derailment) but through distinct configurations of current and needed competencies, which both competencies should be congruent at high levels in uncertain environments. Furthermore, moderately high competency levels mitigate derailment risk in collaborative cultures (Japan and China), while very assertive cultures (USA and Netherlands) require high competencies to lower derailment danger and sustain leadership effectiveness.

Practical implications

Leaders must maintain competency ambidexterity, adapting to diverse contexts in our dynamic world. Recognizing cultural nuances is essential for enhancing managers’ skills in global talent management.

Originality/value

Cultural values shape competency configurations and managers should balance organizational and personal competencies for effective leadership. Qualitative insights complement quantitative data.
Breast cancer pre-diagnosis based on incomplete picture fuzzy multi-granularity three-way decisions
Authors: Hou Haonan , Zhang Chao , Lu Fanghui , Lu Panna
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Three-way decision (3WD) and probabilistic rough sets (PRSs) are theoretical tools capable of simulating humans' multi-level and multi-perspective thinking modes in the field of decision-making. They are proposed to assist decision-makers in better managing incomplete or imprecise information under conditions of uncertainty or fuzziness. However, it is easy to cause decision losses and the personal thresholds of decision-makers cannot be taken into account. To solve this problem, this paper combines picture fuzzy (PF) multi-granularity (MG) with 3WD and establishes the notion of PF MG 3WD.

Design/methodology/approach

An effective incomplete model based on PF MG 3WD is designed in this paper. First, the form of PF MG incomplete information systems (IISs) is established to reasonably record the uncertain information. On this basis, the PF conditional probability is established by using PF similarity relations, and the concept of adjustable PF MG PRSs is proposed by using the PF conditional probability to fuse data. Then, a comprehensive PF multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) scheme is formed by the adjustable PF MG PRSs and the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method. Finally, an actual breast cancer data set is used to reveal the validity of the constructed method.

Findings

The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of PF MG 3WD in predicting breast cancer. Compared with existing models, PF MG 3WD has better robustness and generalization performance. This is mainly due to the incomplete PF MG 3WD proposed in this paper, which effectively reduces the influence of unreasonable outliers and threshold settings.

Originality/value

The model employs the VIKOR method for optimal granularity selections, which takes into account both group utility maximization and individual regret minimization, while incorporating decision-makers' subjective preferences as well. This ensures that the experiment maintains higher exclusion stability and reliability, enhancing the robustness of the decision results.
The impact of the day of the week on the financial market: an empirical investigation on cryptocurrencies
Authors: Arzova Sabri Burak , Koy Ayben , Şahin Bertaç Şakir
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the effect of the day of the week on the volatility of cryptocurrencies. Thus, we reveal investors' perceptions of the day of the week.

Design/methodology/approach

The EGARCH model consists of the day of the week for 2019–2022 and the volatility of 11 cryptocurrencies.

Findings

Empirical results show that the weekend harms cryptocurrency volatility. Also, there was positive cryptocurrency volatility at the beginning of the week. Our findings show that weekdays and weekends significantly impact cryptocurrency volatility. Besides, cryptocurrency investors are sensitive to market movements, disclosures, and regulations during the week. Holiday mode and cognitive shortcuts may cause cryptocurrency traders to remain passive on weekends.

Research limitations/implications

This study has some limitations. We include 11 cryptocurrencies in the analysis by limiting cryptocurrencies according to market capitalizations. Further studies may analyze a larger sample. In addition, further studies may examine the moderator and mediator effects of other financial instruments.

Practical implications

The empirical results have research, social and practical conclusions from different aspects. Our analysis may contribute to determining trading strategies, risk management, market efficiency, regulatory oversight, and investment decisions in the cryptocurrency market.

Originality/value

The calendar effect in financial markets has extensive literature. However, cryptocurrencies' weekday and weekend effect needs to be adequately analyzed. Besides, studies analyzing cryptocurrency volatility are limited. We contribute to the literature by investigating the impact of days of the week on cryptocurrency volatility with a large sample and current data.
Understanding first aid knowledge adoption on social media with an extended information adoption model
Authors: Ma Xiumei , Sun Yongqiang , Guo Xitong , Lai Kee-Hung , Luo Peng
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Social media provides a convenient way to popularise first aid knowledge amongst the general public. So far, little is known about the factors influencing individuals’ adoption of first aid knowledge on social media. Drawing on the information adoption model (IAM), this study investigates the joint effects of cognitive factors (e.g. perceived information usefulness (PIU)), affective factors (e.g. arousal (AR)) and social factors (e.g. descriptive norms (DN)) on first aid knowledge adoption (KA) and examines their antecedent cues from the perspective of information characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 375 social media users, and the structural equation model was adopted to analyse the results.

Findings

The results indicate that PIU, AR and DN all have positive direct effects on first aid KA. Additionally, the study highlights the positive synergistic effect of AR and PIU. Furthermore, the study suggests that AR is determined by message vividness (MV) and emotional tone (ET), whilst DN are determined by peer endorsement (PEE) and expert endorsement (EXE).

Originality/value

Our research is groundbreaking as it delves into the adoption of first aid knowledge through social media, thus pushing the boundaries of existing information adoption literature. Additionally, our study enhances the IAM by incorporating emotional and social elements and provides valuable insights for promoting the spread of first aid knowledge via social media.
UNVEILING URBAN DISPOSSESSIONS THROUGH A FEMINIST LENS: Social Reproduction, Gentrification and Authoritarian Neoliberal Urbanism
Authors: Sakızlıoğlu Bahar
Published: June 2024

This essay presents a feminist intervention by incorporating feminist theory and ethnography into the examination of gentrification and displacement within authoritarian neoliberal urbanism. It explores the link between gentrification and the systemic crisis of social reproduction and discusses the contribution of feminist ethnography to our understanding of gendered dispossessions during state‐led gentrification and displacement. The essay concludes that integrating a social reproduction lens and employing feminist ethnography not only enhances our understanding of gendered dispossessions but also reveals the potential for empowerment in marginalized communities. Making visible the material and affective injustices and daily struggles to pursue social reproduction amidst the dismantling of marginalized lives by state‐led gentrification contributes to feminist praxis. Illustrative examples from a longitudinal case study on the nexus of gender and gentrification in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul, are used to support these arguments.
PLANETARY GENTRIFICATION AND URBAN AUTHORITARIANISM
Authors: Lees Loretta
Published: June 2024

In gentrification studies to date, authoritarianism has mainly served as a contextual backdrop to discussions of state‐led gentrification. In this concluding essay I reflect on the explorations of ‘ordinary’ geographical cases of ‘everyday authoritarianism’ presented in this intervention on planetary gentrification and urban authoritarianism. The cases of Istanbul, Casablanca and Lijiang show how the complex merging of authoritarian and neoliberal is now one of the cruxes of gentrification globally.
Transcriptome study reveals tick immune genes restrict Babesia microti infection
Authors: Feng Tingting , Tong Hao , Zhang Feihu , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Heng , Zhou Xia , Ruan Hang , Wu Qihan , Dai Jianfeng
Published: June 2024

A systems biology approach was employed to gain insight into tick biology and interactions between vectors and pathogens. Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as one of the primary vectors of Babesia microti, significantly impacting human and animal health. Obtaining more information about their relationship is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of tick and pathogen biology, pathogen transmission dynamics, and potential control strategies. RNA sequencing of uninfected and B. microti‐infected ticks resulted in the identification of 15 056 unigenes. Among these, 1 051 were found to be differentially expressed, with 796 being upregulated and 255 downregulated (P < 0.05). Integrated transcriptomics datasets revealed the pivotal role of immune‐related pathways, including the Toll, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT), immunodeficiency, and RNA interference (RNAi) pathways, in response to infection. Consequently, 3 genes encoding critical transcriptional factor Dorsal, Relish, and STAT were selected for RNAi experiments. The knockdown of Dorsal, Relish, and STAT resulted in a substantial increase in Babesia infection levels compared to the respective controls. These findings significantly advanced our understanding of tick–Babesia molecular interactions and proposed novel tick antigens as potential vaccine targets against tick infestations and pathogen transmission.
Differential requirement for RecFOR pathway components in Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Gómez‐Campo Cristina L. , Abdelmoteleb Ali , Pulido Verónica , Gost Marc , Sánchez‐Hevia Dione L. , Berenguer José , Mencía Mario
Published: June 2024

Recombinational repair is an important mechanism that allows DNA replication to overcome damaged templates, so the DNA is duplicated timely and correctly. The RecFOR pathway is one of the common ways to load RecA, while the RuvABC complex operates in the resolution of DNA intermediates. We have generated deletions of recO, recR and ruvB genes in Thermus thermophilus, while a recF null mutant could not be obtained. The recO deletion was in all cases accompanied by spontaneous loss of function mutations in addA or addB genes, which encode a helicase‐exonuclease also key for recombination. The mutants were moderately affected in viability and chromosome segregation. When we generated these mutations in a Δppol/addAB strain, we observed that the transformation efficiency was maintained at the typical level of Δppol/addAB, which is 100‐fold higher than that of the wild type. Most mutants showed increased filamentation phenotypes, especially ruvB, which also had DNA repair defects. These results suggest that in T. thermophilus (i) the components of the RecFOR pathway have differential roles, (ii) there is an epistatic relationship of the AddAB complex over the RecFOR pathway and (iii) that neither of the two pathways or their combination is strictly required for viability although they are necessary for normal DNA repair and chromosome segregation.
Development of a team‐specific research strategy using a modified Delphi method in a regional public hospital dietetics department
Authors: McMahon Rachel , Pain Tilley , Dick Felicity , Tench Susan
Published: June 2024

Objective

Evaluate research capacity and culture among regional hospital dietitians, develop a team specific research strategy, and build research skills of novice researchers.

Methods

The Research Capacity in Context Tool was used to assess current research capacity and culture at organisational, team and individual levels. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis of free text responses. A modified Delphi method gained consensus regarding research capacity building.

Design

Mixed method study.

Setting

Dietetics department of a regional tertiary hospital (Modified Monash Category 2).

Participants

All clinical dietitians currently employed within the hospital (n = 20) regardless of employment duration.

Main Outcome Measures

Self‐rated response to research capacity and culture to produce a dietetics‐specific research strategy.

Results

Fifteen dietitians (75%) completed the Research Capacity in Context Tool. The overall mean score was highest at an organisational level at 7.9 (IQR 2), and lowest at team and individual levels at 4.3 (IQR 2.7) and 4.9 (IQR 3.3) respectively. Common barriers to research included time, lack of skills, knowledge and support. Using the modified Delphi method 39 statements relating to research capacity building met consensus and informed the creation of a research strategy.

Conclusion

The results of the Research Capacity in Context Tool from this regional study reflect those reported in the literature at metropolitan sites. A dietetic‐specific research strategy was developed to assist with increasing research capacity at a team and individual level in a regional setting. Evaluation of long‐term outcomes post implementation will be the subject of further research.
Oxidative stress reduction by icodextrin‐based glucose‐free solutions in peritoneal dialysis: Support for new promising approaches
Authors: Basso Anna , Baldini Paola , Bertoldi Giovanni , Driussi Giulia , Caputo Ilaria , Bettin Elisabetta , Cacciapuoti Martina , Calò Lorenzo A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Oxidative stress (OxSt) and inflammation are common in CKD and are known CV and mortality risk factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) OxSt and Inflammation even increase due to the use of glucose‐based solutions.

Patients and Methods

This study analyzed in 15 PD patients the effect of 3 and 6 months of treatment with icodextrin‐based glucose‐free solutions on OxSt and inflammation, evaluating p22phox protein expression (Western blot), NADPH oxidase subunit, essential for OxSt activation, MYPT‐1 phosphorylation state, marker of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway (ROCK) activity, involved in the induction of OxSt (Western blot) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) production (fluorimetric assay). Interleukin (IL)‐6 blood level (chemiluminescence assay) has been measured and used as a marker of inflammation.

Results

p22phox protein expression, MYPT 1 phosphorylation, and MDA were reduced after 3 months from the start of icodextrin (1.28 ± 0.18 d.u. vs. 1.50 ± 0.19, p = 0.049; 0.89 ± 0.03 vs. 0.98 ± 0.03, p = 0.004; 4.20 ± 0.18 nmol/mL vs. 4.84 ± 0.32 nmol/mL, p = 0.045, respectively). In a subgroup of 9 patients who continued the treatment up to 6 months, MYPT‐1 phosphorylation was further reduced at 6 months compared to baseline (0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 0.99 ± 0.04, p = 0.043), while p22phox protein expression was reduced only at 6 months versus baseline (1.03 ± 0.05 vs. 1.68 ± 0.22, p = 0.021). In this subgroup, MDA was reduced at 6 months versus baseline (4.03 ± 0.24 nmol/mL vs. 4.68 ± 0,32, p = 0.024) and also versus 3 months (4.03 ± 0.24 vs. 4.35 ± 0.21, p = 0.008). IL‐6 level although reduced both at 3 and 6 months, did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

The reduction of OxSt with icodextrin‐based PD solutions, although obtained in a small patients cohort and in a limited time duration study, strongly supports the rationale of using osmo‐metabolic agents‐based fluids replacing glucose‐based fluids. Ongoing studies with these agents will provide information regarding preservation of peritoneal membrane integrity, residual renal function, and reduction of CVD risk factors such as OxSt and inflammation.
Reconsidering red blood cells as the diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Yadav Somu , Deepika  , Moar Kareena , Kumar Akshay , Khola Nikhila , Pant Anuja , Kakde Ganseh S. , Maurya Pawan Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background

Red blood cells (RBCs) are usually considered simple cells and transporters of gases to tissues.

Hypothesis

However, recent research has suggested that RBCs may have diagnostic potential in major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs).

Results

This review summarizes the current knowledge on changes in RBC in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other NDDs. It discusses the deposition of neuronal proteins like amyloid‐β, tau, and α‐synuclein, polyamines, changes in the proteins of RBCs like band‐3, membrane transporter proteins, heat shock proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and altered metabolic pathways in RBCs during neurodegeneration. It also highlights the comparison of RBC diagnostic markers to other in‐market diagnoses and discusses the challenges in utilizing RBCs as diagnostic tools, such as the need for standardized protocols and further validation studies.

Significance statement

The evidence suggests that RBCs have diagnostic potential in neurodegenerative disorders, and this study can pave the foundation for further research which may lead to the development of novel diagnostic approaches and treatments.
Point of care HIV testing in dental settings in high‐income countries: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Doughty J. , Tran C. , Santella A. J. , Fitzgerald R. , Burns F. , Porter Stephen , Watt Richard G.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Expanding HIV testing beyond specialized services has been a key strategic approach to eliminating the transmission of HIV. In recent years, dental settings have been identified as offering an opportunity for delivering point of care HIV testing (POCT) interventions. Intervention components and implementation strategies have varied across studies and there is uncertainty about the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV in the dental patient population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the HIV testing outcomes of intervention studies, identify the core components of POCT interventions implemented in dental settings; and understand the barriers and facilitators to intervention implementation.

Methods

A mixed‐methods systematic review was undertaken. Two authors reviewed abstracts and full papers for inclusion and appraised the studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A convergent integrated mixed methods study design underpinned the synthesis. Outcomes were presented using descriptive statistics. Intervention components were mapped to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. Barriers and facilitators were described using a narrative thematic analysis.

Results

POCT was offered to 22 146 dental patients, 62.5% accepted POCT. Intervention studies that reported higher uptake of testing utilized a dedicated dental or researcher staff member to provide testing, integrated testing and provided results within the routine dental appointment and adopted a provider‐initiated universal approach to offering testing. Six themes emerged that were pertinent to the barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in dental setting.

Conclusions

POCT uptake in dental settings was comparable with other non‐specialized health settings. Key to the operationalization of the intervention were perceptions about its value and relevance to the dental patient population, attitudes toward the intervention, logistical barriers to its implementation, the risk of HIV testing stigma to the patient‐practitioner relationship and maximising the fit of the intervention within the constraints of the dental setting.
Left corticospinal tract could be a biomarker to identify the dual prodromal LRRK2/GBA mutated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lin Fabin , Ruan Xinlin , Zou Xinyang , Weng Huidan , Zeng Yuqi , Zheng Jiayi , Ye Qinyong , Meng Fangang , Chen Xiaochun , Cai Guoen
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) carriers of dual leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and glucosylceramidase β (GBA) variants are rare, and their biomarkers are less well developed.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the biomarkers for diagnosing the prodromal phase of LRRK2‐GBA‐PD (LRRK2‐GBA‐prodromal).

Methods

We assessed the clinical and whole‐brain white matter microstructural characteristics of 54 prodromal PD carriers of dual LRRK2 (100% M239T) and GBA (95% N409S) variants, along with 76 healthy controls (HCs) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort.

Results

By analyzing the four values of 100 nodes on 20 fiber bundles, totaling 8000 data points, we identified the smallest p value in the fractional anisotropy (FA) value of the 38th segment of left corticospinal tract (L‐CST) with differences between LRRK2‐GBA‐prodromal and HCs (p = 8.94 × 10−9). The FA value of the 38th node of the L‐CST was significantly lower in LRRK2‐GBA‐prodromal (FA value, 0.65) compared with HCs (FA value, 0.71). The receiver‐operating characteristic curve showed a cut‐off value of 0.218 for the FA value of L‐CST, providing sufficient sensitivity (79.2%) and specificity (72.2%) to distinguish double mutation prodromal PD from the healthy population.

Conclusion

L‐CST, especially the 38th node, may potentially serve as a biomarker for distinguishing individuals with double mutation prodromal PD from the healthy population.
Identifying the environmental drivers of corridors and predicting connectivity between seasonal ranges in multiple populations of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) as tools for conserving migration
Authors: Chauveau Victor , Garel Mathieu , Toïgo Carole , Anderwald Pia , Beurier Mathieu , Bouche Michel , Bunz Yoann , Cagnacci Francesca , Canut Marie , Cavailhes Jérôme , Champly Ilka , Filli Flurin , Frey‐Roos Alfred , Gressmann Gunther , Herfindal Ivar , Jurgeit Florian , Martinelli Laura , Papet Rodolphe , Petit Elodie , Ramanzin Maurizio , Semenzato Paola , Vannard Eric , Loison Anne , Coulon Aurélie , Marchand Pascal
Published: June 2024

Aim

Seasonal migrations, such as those of ungulates, are particularly threatened by habitat transformations and fragmentation, climate and other environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities. Mountain ungulate migrations are neglected because they are relatively short, although traversing heterogeneous altitudinal gradients particularly exposed to anthropogenic threats. Detecting migration routes of these species and understanding their drivers are therefore of primary importance to predict connectivity and preserve ecosystem functions and services. The populations of Alpine ibex Capra ibex have all been reintroduced from the last remnant source population. Despite a general increase in abundance and overall distribution range, ibex populations are mostly disconnected but display intra‐population migrations. Therefore, its conservation is strictly linked to the interplay between external threats and related behavioural responses, including space use and migration.

Location

Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland.

Methods

By using 337 migratory tracks from 425 GPS‐collared individuals from 15 Alpine ibex populations distributed across their entire range, we (i) identified the environmental drivers of movement corridors in both spring and autumn and (ii) compared the ability of a connectivity modelling algorithm to predict migratory movements between seasonal ranges of the 15 populations, using either population‐specific or multipopulation datasets, and three validation procedures.

Results

Steep, south‐facing, snow‐free slopes were selected while high elevation changes were avoided. This revealed the importance of favourable resources and an attempt to limit energy expenditures and perceived predation risk. The abilities of the modelling methods we compared to predict migratory connectivity from the results of those movement analyses were similar.

Main Conclusions

The trade‐off between energy expenditure, food and cover was the major driver of migration routes and was overall consistent among populations. Based on these findings, we provided useful connectivity models to inform conservation of Alpine ibex and its habitats, and a framework for future research investigating connectivity in migratory species.
Autonomic biosignals, seizure detection, and forecasting
Authors: Miron Gadi , Halimeh Mustafa , Jeppesen Jesper , Loddenkemper Tobias , Meisel Christian
Published: June 2024

Wearable devices have attracted significant attention in epilepsy research in recent years for their potential to enhance patient care through improved seizure monitoring and forecasting. This narrative review presents a detailed overview of the current clinical state of the art while addressing how devices that assess autonomic nervous system (ANS) function reflect seizures and central nervous system (CNS) state changes. This includes a description of the interactions between the CNS and the ANS, including physiological and epilepsy‐related changes affecting their dynamics. We first discuss technical aspects of measuring autonomic biosignals and considerations for using ANS sensors in clinical practice. We then review recent seizure detection and seizure forecasting studies, highlighting their performance and capability for seizure detection and forecasting using devices measuring ANS biomarkers. Finally, we address the field's challenges and provide an outlook for future developments.