bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated measurement of syntactic complexity in corpus-based L2 writing research and implications for writing assessment
Authors: Lu Xiaofei
Published: September 2017

Research investigating corpora of English learners’ language raises new questions about how syntactic complexity is defined theoretically and operationally for second language (L2) writing assessment. I show that syntactic complexity is important in construct definitions and L2 writing rating scales as well as in L2 writing research. I describe the operationalizations of syntactic complexity measurement in corpus-based L2 writing research, focusing on the Biber Tagger (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan, 1999), Coh-Metrix (McNamara, Graesser, McCarthy, & Cai, 2014), and L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (Lu, 2010), which are three tools commonly used to automate syntactic complexity analysis. A review of findings from recent corpus-based L2 writing studies on the relationship of syntactic complexity to L2 writing quality follows. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of these multiple perspectives on the definition of syntactic complexity in L2 studies.
What does corpus linguistics have to offer to language assessment?
Authors: Xi Xiaoming
Published: September 2017

In recent years, continuing advances in technology have increased the capacity to automate the extraction of a range of linguistic features of texts and thus have provided the impetus for the substantial growth of corpus linguistics. While corpus linguistic tools and methods have been used extensively in second language learning research, they have also been used increasingly in the design and validation of language assessments (Callies & Götz, 2015; Deshors, Götz, & Laporte, 2016; Park, 2014). The collection of papers in this special issue represents an intentional and systematic effort to encourage the cross-pollination of corpus linguistics and language assessment. The research foci of these papers take this cross-disciplinary area in exciting, new directions. At the same time, the papers also point to some important gaps and provide inspiration for additional research. In this commentary, I offer some perspectives on how the papers contribute to this cross-disciplinary research area and then share my reflections on some of the gaps that need to be narrowed or closed if language testing researchers and practitioners are to take full advantage of the potential of corpus linguistics for language assessment.
The Changing Role of Salespeople and the Unchanging Feeling Toward Selling: Implications for the HEI Programs
Authors: Ballestra Luca Vincenzo , Cardinali Silvio , Palanga Paola , Pacelli Graziella
Published: September 2017

Over the past five decades, several studies have shown that students’ reticence toward choosing a sales career has remained constant. Their lack of awareness and misconceptions regarding a sales job are two reasons behind this negative perception and lack of students’ “work readiness.” Using a conceptual model on student intention to pursue a sales career, this study has two goals: (a) to understand whether students recognize the changes in the salesperson’s role and (b) to investigate whether new understanding of these changes has any impact on students’ feelings and perceptions regarding selling as a career choice. After a preliminary qualitative analysis, a survey was carried out in a European country (Italy). Findings suggest that students are partly aware of the salesperson’s role, but they have a limited understanding of the evolution that has taken place in that role. In addition, there emerges a new antecedent, Understanding the salesperson role, that has had a significant impact on students’ Feelings toward selling. This new antecedent stresses the relational aspects of the salesperson’s job, highlighting how that aspect has never been considered in previous studies. Different explanations are offered, along with educational and training implications for curricula, program content, and handbooks in HEI (Higher Education Institutes).
Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection With Crushed Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Administered via a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube
Authors: Jindracek Lauren , Stark Jennifer
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni®) is a fixed-dose tablet indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. There are currently no data available on the safety and efficacy of crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir tablets.

Case Summary:

This report describes the first documented case of successful treatment of chronic HCV infection in a patient crushing ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for administration via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. The patient was treatment experienced and had evidence of compensated cirrhosis. Treatment duration was 24 weeks, and HCV RNA was undetectable 12 weeks after completion of treatment (SVR12) which is the accepted measure of a clinical cure.

Discussion:

Issues may arise during or prior to starting HCV treatment that necessitate crushing tablets. Stopping or interrupting HCV treatment could lead to development of resistance or treatment failure.

Conclusion:

This is the first published case in which crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir administered via a PEG tube is documented as a safe and effective option for treatment of chronic HCV infection.
Morphologies and compression performance of graphene oxide/SiO2 modified phenolic foam
Authors: Luo Xia , Yu Kejing , Qian Kun
Published: September 2017

In this study, the graphene oxide/SiO2 hybrid materials with different sizes (GO/SiO2-80, GO/SiO2-170, GO/SiO2-250) were prepared via in situ preparation. Different sizes and weight fraction of GO/SiO2 were added into phenolic resin to prepare phenolic foam composites. The cell properties, morphologies, and mechanism of GO/SiO2 reinforced PF composites were studied. The results showed that the GO/SiO2-80 can improve the cell structure and compressive property obviously than other size nanoparticles. The PF modified with 1 wt% GO/SiO2-80 exhibited most uniform cell structure, and it showed a mean cell size of 117 µm and narrow cell size distribution from 50 µm to 225 µm. The obtained PF/(1 wt% GO/SiO2-80) also showed an excellent compressive strength and modulus of 0.18 and 3.22 MPa, which has increased by 80% and 61%, respectively, compared to the pure PF. This method may make it possible for using GO/SiO2 hybrid materials to enhance the cell structure and compression performance of the phenolic foam composites with broader applications.
Ultrasonic guided wave propagation in composites including damage using high-fidelity local interaction simulation
Authors: Li Guoyi , Neerukatti Rajesh Kumar , Chattopadhyay Aditi
Published: September 2017

Composite materials are used in many advanced engineering applications because of high specific strength and stiffness. Their complex damage mechanisms and failure modes, however, are still not well-understood, thus challenging the application safety. Ultrasonic guided waves are promising structural health monitoring tools used to determine the operational safety of composite materials. In this article, a fully coupled numerical simulation model is used to study wave propagation and dispersion in composites under varying sensor locations, propagating orientations, excitation frequencies, and damage locations. The model is based on the local interaction simulation approaches/sharp interface model wherein output sensor signals are processed using the matching pursuit decomposition algorithm to study the signal features in the time–frequency domain. The changes in signals due to varying damage locations with respect to the through-thickness direction are studied under anti-symmetrical and symmetrical excitation scenarios. The results show that the signal from symmetric excitation is more sensitive to the damage location, while the signal from anti-symmetric excitation is less dispersive. It indicates that comprising effective feature extraction technique with the accurate physics-based numerical simulation model can be implemented to develop robust structural health monitoring framework for composites.
Assessment of Stepfamily Marriages
Authors: Gold Joshua M.
Published: September 2017

Given the ongoing rise in the numbers of stepfamily constellations in 21st-century society, and given the identified challenges and resultant dissolution rates of these families, clinicians who wish to be of clinical service to stepfamilies require information about the most recent standardized measures for stepfamily assessment. These measures can be divided into those assessments pertaining to issues and patterns of stepparenting and those measures attending to marital dynamics. This article will present psychometric information about two measures of stepfamily marital functioning along with recommendations for the efficacious therapeutic use of each measure.
Cultural Factors, Perceived Barriers, and Asian American Career Development
Authors: Kantamneni Neeta , Dharmalingam Kavitha , Orley Grant , Kanagasingam Sutha K.
Published: September 2017

Contextual factors can play an important and influential role in the career development of Asian American students. The purpose of this study was to examine how specific cultural factors, such as ethnic identity, internalization of Asian American stereotypes, Asian values, parental influences, and perceived barriers, predicted Asian American college students’ self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in occupations and academic areas in which Asian Americans are highly represented. Two social cognitive career theory models were tested in this study: the first model examined how distal and proximal contextual influences predicted self-efficacy and interests in occupations with high Asian American representation and the second model examined how distal and proximal contextual variables predicted math and science self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goals, and intentions. Three hundred and eighty-one Asian American college students participated in this study. The findings from path analyses found a strong fit for the first model, suggesting that distal and proximal contextual factors predicted self-efficacy and interests in occupations with high Asian American representation. An adequate fit was found for the second model. The findings from this study provide psychologists and counselors with a more nuanced understanding of how career decisions are made for Asian American college students.
The economic determinants of electoral volatility in Africa
Authors: Kuenzi Michelle , Tuman John P , Rissmann Moritz P , Lambright Gina MS
Published: September 2017

Democratic performance and party system institutionalization (PSI) are thought to be integrally linked. Electoral volatility is an important dimension of PSI and has thus been the focus of many studies. Despite the attention given to electoral volatility, its determinants remain elusive. We examine the determinants of electoral volatility in 35 African countries from 1972 to 2010. This study extends the prior literature by analyzing the effects of two previously unexamined variables, foreign aid and structural adjustment, on electoral volatility. Our results indicate that electoral volatility is lower when foreign aid is high, while structural adjustment programs are associated with increased volatility. Our findings contribute to the research on the political economy of aid, illustrating the impact of these economic practices on election outcomes. Political institutions and social demography also appear to affect volatility. Based on our analysis, the party systems of Africa generally do not appear to be institutionalizing.
Institutions and Discourses on Childcare for Children Under the Age of Three in a Comparative French-Czech Perspective
Authors: Hašková Hana , Dudová Radka
Published: September 2017

The article compares the development of policies pertaining to care for preschool children in the course of the second half of the 20th century in France and in the Czech Republic. It aims at identifying the key factors that led to the differentiation of the policies and institutions in the two countries, especially with respect to support for extra-familial care and formal care institutions (nurseries). We build on the theories of ‘new’ institutionalisms and we apply framing analysis, which allows us to understand the formation of ideas that precede policy changes. Specifically, we discuss the role of expert discourse and the framings of care for young children in the process of social policy change. We argue that expert knowledge in interaction with the political, economic, and demographic contexts and how it has been presented in public have had a fundamental impact on the formation of childcare policies and institutions in the two countries.
What is Food Without Love? The Micro-politics of Food Practices Among South Asians in Britain, India, and Pakistan
Authors: Chowbey Punita
Published: September 2017

This article draws on Morgan’s theorisation of family life as consisting of political, moral, and emotional economies to examine the interplay of women’s control over resources, gender norms, and expectations of intimacy in the context of household food consumption. The research that informs the article focuses on findings from 84 interviews with two South Asian groups: Pakistani Muslim and Gujarati Hindu women with at least one dependent child and from a variety of occupations and household compositions. In examining everyday food consumption, the research demonstrates how gender hierarchies are reproduced by parallel, mutually reinforcing, political, moral, and emotional economies. The women in the study sometimes struggled to subvert gender oppression and negotiate more powerful positions within the household through food management and/or employing manipulative and deceptive tactics. The article argues that, while access to economic resources is important if women are to achieve desirable food and nutritional outcomes, it is not in itself sufficient to meet this aim. Instead, the interplay of resources, gender norms, and conjugal relations are central to household food consumption.
Bayesian models for data missing not at random in health examination surveys
Authors: Kopra Juho , Karvanen Juha , Härkänen Tommi
Published: September 2017

In epidemiological surveys, data missing not at random (MNAR) due to survey nonresponse may potentially lead to a bias in the risk factor estimates. We propose an approach based on Bayesian data augmentation and survival modelling to reduce the nonresponse bias. The approach requires additional information based on follow-up data. We present a case study of smoking prevalence using FINRISK data collected between 1972 and 2007 with a follow-up to the end of 2012 and compare it to other commonly applied missing at random (MAR) imputation approaches. A simulation experiment is carried out to study the validity of the approaches. Our approach appears to reduce the nonresponse bias substantially, whereas MAR imputation was not successful in bias reduction.
A test of two alternative cognitive processing models: Learning styles and dual coding
Authors: Cuevas Joshua , Dawson Bryan L.
Published: September 2017

This study tested two cognitive models, learning styles and dual coding, which make contradictory predictions about how learners process and retain visual and auditory information. Learning styles-based instructional practices are common in educational environments despite a questionable research base, while the use of dual coding is less ubiquitous, and thus measured examination of the two methods has implications for practical application. The study involved 204 university students who were surveyed on their preferred learning style and then presented with information that they were prompted to process via either imagery or linguistic means. The results showed there was no significant interaction effect between learning style and condition, suggesting the most basic prediction of the learning styles hypothesis should be rejected. In a regression analysis, none of the four learning styles (visual, auditory, read/write, or kinesthetic) predicted students’ retention of the material. However, there was a highly significant main effect of condition with those in the visual condition retaining twice as much information as those in the auditory condition regardless of learning style, a result that strongly supports dual coding theory. Implications of the findings would suggest that learning styles instruction is an ineffective method for teachers to employ, and that, instead, incorporating principles of dual coding would have a much greater benefit to student learning.
Multibody dynamics modeling of electromagnetic direct-drive vehicle robot driver
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Weigong , Yu Bing
Published: September 2017

Collaborative dynamics modeling of flexible multibody and rigid multibody for an electromagnetic direct-drive vehicle robot driver is proposed in the article. First, spatial dynamic equations of the direct-drive vehicle robot driver are obtained based on multibody system dynamics. Then, the shift manipulator dynamics model and the mechanical leg dynamics model are established on the basis of the multibody dynamics equations. After establishing a rigid multibody dynamics model and conducting finite element mesh and finite element discrete processing, a flexible multibody dynamics modeling of the electromagnetic direct-drive vehicle robot driver is established. The comparison of the simulation results between rigid and flexible multibody is performed. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the presented model of the electromagnetic direct-drive vehicle robot driver.
Between factoids and facts: The application of ‘evidence’ in NGO strategic communication on war and armed conflict
Authors: Fröhlich Romy , Jungblut Marc
Published: September 2017

NGOs are significant actors in conflict-related discourses and play a key role in the shaping of mediated conflict communication. Since previous scholarly work has rarely analyzed the way NGOs characterize the ‘reality’ of violent conflicts, this contribution to the special issue focuses on the publicity of NGOs in this field. On the basis of a big-data content analysis, the authors in particular investigate the epistemological status of NGOs’ strategic communication on war. They focus on ‘evidential claims’, the actual provision of evidence and the transparency of sources of evidential claims. The results are compared across different types of NGOs for their communication on six international armed conflicts. The findings suggest that the communication of NGOs in this is caught between their role of a strategic communicator and that of an expert. Improvement is especially needed concerning the indication of sources of evidential claims: 47 percent of all texts do not provide any source specification.
Effects of low-dose lipopolysaccharide and age on spatial learning in different Morris water maze protocols
Authors: Kupferschmid Barbara J , Therrien Barbara , Rowsey Pamela J
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

Animals administered lipopolysaccharide exhibit dose-related sickness behaviors (decreased food intake, weight loss, and cognitive changes). While research has demonstrated that spatial learning is impaired following a lipopolysaccharide immune challenge, the results differ depending on the methodology used to evaluate spatial learning. Additionally, few studies have evaluated the effects of low-dose lipopolysaccharide on spatial learning. Therefore, we assessed spatial learning, food intake, and weight changes in adult and aged rats after a low-dose lipopolysaccharide immune challenge in the Morris water maze using two water temperatures.

Methods:

Adult (5–6 months) and aged (22 months) male Brown-Norway rats were administered either 50 or 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide or saline, and then tested in the Morris water maze for 5 days, rested for 7 days, and later underwent 2 days of retention tests. Probe trials were conducted at the end of initial and retention testing.

Results:

Low-dose lipopolysaccharide administration did not result in food intake or weight changes. While the aged experimental group took longest to improve directional heading error in both cold and warm water, heading error was greater in cold water. Behavioral testing revealed an apparent age and water temperature effect on swim time. Retention and probe trial results showed that aged experimental animals had the worst performance in cold water.

Conclusion:

We conclude that while low-dose lipopolysaccharide did not result in typical sickness behaviors (decreased food intake or weight), spatial learning and memory were impaired in the aged experimental group. These results have important implications for the care of elderly individuals experiencing mild to moderate infections.
The great impostor: Lues maligna in an HIV-infected male
Authors: Mena Lora Alfredo J , Braniecki Marylee , Nasir Ayman , Brito Maximo
Published: September 2017

Lues maligna is a rare severe cutaneous manifestation of secondary syphilis. It is also known as malignant syphilis and ulceronodular syphilis. We report a case of a 58-year-old HIV-infected male who presented with diffuse, pruritic, non-tender, maculo-papular skin lesions, ulcerated nodules and plaques surrounded by an erythematous base. The disseminated skin lesions were at various stages and were located on his back, chest, arms and testicles. Patient had been receiving antiretroviral therapy. Laboratory studies had demonstrated CD4 lymphocyte count of 463 cells/mm3 and an undetectable HIV viral load. Workup revealed a rapid plasma reagin of 1:256 dilutions and the skin biopsy findings were compatible with syphilis. The skin lesions resolved with intramuscular penicillin. We herein describe a rare case of lues maligna in an HIV-infected patient with a preserved immune function and viral suppression. Such skin lesions can mimic fungal or mycobacterial infections and can pose a diagnostic challenge. Even in the modern era, syphilis remains the great impostor. Clinicians must be able to recognize this condition based on clinical characteristics and risk factors to diagnose and treat this condition promptly.
Periaortic lymphoma in a cat
Authors: Bree Laura , Bergamino Chiara , Mullins Ronan , Kelly Pamela , Shiel Robert
Published: September 2017

Case summary

A 14-year-old neutered male Siamese cat was presented with a 3 month history of lethargy, inappetence, dehydration, hindlimb ataxia and intermittent proprioceptive deficits in the hindlimbs. Physical examination revealed low body condition score (1.75/5), pallor and bilateral basilar grade II/VI systolic heart murmur. Neurological examination revealed hindlimb ataxia, severe atrophy of the hindlimb musculature, intermittent hindlimb proprioceptive deficits and normoreflexia. Clinicopathological investigations revealed non-regenerative anaemia (haematocrit 0.17 l/l; reference interval [RI] 0.24–0.45 l/l) and increased feline pancreatic lipase concentration (Spec fPL test [IDEXX] 8.3 μg/l; RI 0.1–3.5 μg/l). Feline leukaemia virus antigen and feline immunodeficiency virus antibody tests were negative. Thoracic and abdominal imaging revealed a soft tissue structure in the area of the thoracoabdominal aorta. CT confirmed a periaortic contrast-enhancing mass extending from the level of T9–L2, with associated intervertebral infiltration at the level of T11–T12. Post-mortem examination confirmed the presence of a solid, white, multinodular, well-demarcated mass encircling the aorta extending from T9–L2. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma was made. Lymphoma was also identified histopathologically within the kidneys and spleen. Evidence of mild Wallerian degeneration was present within the spinal cord, indicating compression at the level of the periaortic mass.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first report of periaortic lymphoma in the cat. Although periaortic tumours are exceptionally rare in veterinary medicine, lymphoma should be considered as a differential in cats.
Granulomatous colitis: more than a canine disease? A case of Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous colitis in an adult cat
Authors: Leal Rodolfo Oliveira , Simpson Kenny , Fine Mélanie , Husson Jean-Charles , Hernandez Juan
Published: September 2017

Case summary

This report describes a 4-year-old cat with chronic intermittent haematochezia and faecal incontinence of 7 months’ duration. Investigation revealed severe colonic multifocal mucosal ulcerations and infiltration of the mucosal lamina propria by large numbers of periodic acid–Schiff-positive macrophages. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis of colonic biopsies revealed multifocal clusters of intracellular Escherichia coli. Treatment with fluoroquinolones for 6 weeks led to a complete resolution of clinical signs.

Relevance and novel information

The findings reveal that mucosally invasive E coli can also be associated with granulomatous colitis in cats and indicate the need for diagnostic testing of mucosal samples for E coli and other infectious agents.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Endostar Combined With Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) Versus TACE Alone for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ya-Qing , Zhao Fei , Song Lei , Gan Hong-Yun , Xie Xiao-Feng
Published: September 2017

Many studies have investigated the efficacy of Endostar combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Endostar. PubMed, Embase, and other databases were searched, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Nine studies, all of which were clinical randomized controlled trials, involving 411 participants were included. The overall response rate, disease control rate and α-fetoprotein negative conversion ratio, and the 6- and 12-month survival rate of HCC patients treated with combined Endostar and TACE were higher than those treated with TACE alone ( P < .01). Furthermore, the incidence of tumor progression was low after Endostar treatment ( P = .005). The incidence of adverse effects (leukocytopenia, liver function damage, and vomiting) was similar in Endostar with TACE and in TACE alone ( P > .05). However, large studies and more randomized trials are necessary to determine the effects of Endostar on HCC.
“I Disagree”
Authors: Cranmer Gregory A. , Buckner Marjorie M. , Pham Niki , Jordan Brandon
Published: September 2017

Effective coaches must understand and manage athletes’ expressions of disagreement or dissatisfaction. The current study identified the triggering events that athletes reported as the impetus for their dissent, the messages that they utilized when dissenting, and the success of these messages. Four categories of triggers were identified within data collected from 262 former high school athletes: (a) performance issues, (b) power and influence, (c) logistics, and (d) communicative climate and culture. These triggers were associated with athletes’ subsequent expressions of dissent. Athletes most commonly utilized solution presentation and direct-factual appeals when dissenting about these triggers. Athletes’ dissent messages predicted the success of their dissent; effective expressions more readily featured solution presentation messages, direct-factual appeals, and an absence of humor. Appropriate expressions were predicted by the use of solution presentation messages and the avoidance of pressure, circumvention, and humor. Collectively, this research highlights features unique to the sports team context, including team interdependence, the balancing of the multiple roles that come with being a student-athlete, and cultures of rationalism and respect for authority and sporting norms.
What Drives False Memories in Psychopathology? A Case for Associative Activation
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Muris Peter , Howe Mark L. , Merckelbach Harald
Published: September 2017

In clinical and court settings, it is imperative to know whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression may make people susceptible to false memories. We conducted a review of the literature on false memory effects in participants with PTSD, a history of trauma, or depression. When emotional associative material was presented to these groups, their levels of false memory were raised relative to those in relevant comparison groups. This difference did not consistently emerge when neutral or nonassociative material was presented. Our conclusion is supported by a quantitative comparison of effect sizes between studies using emotional associative or neutral, nonassociative material. Our review suggests that individuals with PTSD, a history of trauma, or depression are at risk for producing false memories when they are exposed to information that is related to their knowledge base.
Changing demographic characteristics and motives for suicide in rural China, 1980–2009
Authors: Liu Yanwu , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2017

Given the absence of a complete vital registration system in rural China, a unique large-scale ethnographic study was conducted to examine the incidents, trends, demographic characteristics and motives for suicide. This study was implemented in 55 villages from 23 prefectures in 11 provinces. Family members, relatives, friends, and neighbours of suicide victims, and key informants (cadres, village doctors, funeral/burial coordinators, and primary-school teachers) in a village were interviewed to obtain and verify the detailed life history of each suicide victim since the 1980s. Among 849 suicide victims we investigated, we found more female than male victims, which is reversed gender difference in traditional suicide literature. Both number of elderly suicide victims and suicide motives related to livelihood have dramatically increased in recent years. There were more middle-aged victims during the years 1995–9. This study suggests that suicide in rural China remains an urgent and enormous public health problem. Findings from this research cast doubt on the well-known sex disparity in China’s suicide victims and suggest a possible epidemic of elderly suicides in rural China. The shifting pattern of suicide motives tracks socio-cultural changes in rural China.
Ibrutinib for chronic graft-versus-host disease after failure of prior therapy
Authors: Miklos David , Cutler Corey S. , Arora Mukta , Waller Edmund K. , Jagasia Madan , Pusic Iskra , Flowers Mary E. , Logan Aaron C. , Nakamura Ryotaro , Blazar Bruce R. , Li Yunfeng , Chang Stephen , Lal Indu , Dubovsky Jason , James Danelle F. , Styles Lori , Jaglowski Samantha
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Ibrutinib induced a high rate of sustained responses for patients with cGVHD and inadequate response to corticosteroid-containing therapy. This trial supported the approval of ibrutinib for treatment of adult patients with cGVHD after failure of ≥1 lines of systemic therapy.
A guide to a new short course to promote interest and engagement in psychiatry in medical students
Authors: Langley Matthew , Lomas Benjamin , Schofield Zena , Doody Gillian
Published: September 2017

This article describes a new course for preclinical medical undergraduates designed to promote interest and engagement in psychiatry. The course employed a range of innovative teaching techniques alongside ward visits to provide students with early clinical experience. Unusually, assessment for the course involved the production of creative works as well as reflective writing about students' experiences. We collected a variety of feedback from participants showing that they found the course enjoyable and educational. We conclude that, overall, the course had a positive effect on student perceptions of psychiatry.
The most important things I have learnt in my career as a psychiatrist
Authors: Leff Julian
Published: September 2017

This paper is something of a patchwork, incorporating many issues that have intrigued me during 34 years of research. I have included the importance of maintaining a solid base in clinical work, alongside research activities, and being alert to the possibility of a somatic condition contributing to psychiatric symptoms. I stress the value of careful observation of patients, their response to treatments and reasons for dropping out. In addition, I have included 14 more lessons, learned from my experience of research, which I hope will be of use to those readers who aspire to become researchers.
Personality disorder: Still the patients psychiatrists dislike?
Authors: Chartonas Dimitrios , Kyratsous Michalis , Dracass Sarah , Lee Tennyson , Bhui Kamaldeep
Published: September 2017

Aims and method

In 1988, Lewis and Appleby demonstrated that psychiatrists hold negative attitudes towards patients with personality disorder. We assessed the attitudes of psychiatry trainees towards patients with borderline personality disorder and depression, expecting an improvement. 166 trainees were block randomised to receive one of four case vignettes that varied by diagnosis and ethnic group. We used Lewis and Appleby's original questionnaire and the Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ).

Results

We received 76 responses. Lewis and Appleby's questionnaire showed more negative attitudes towards personality disorder than depression, with no significant patient ethnic group effects, and the APDQ also showed a (weak) trend towards more negative attitudes to personality disorder. In subgroup analysis, only in the White British patient group were there significantly more negative attitudes to personality disorder. Factor analysis showed significantly less sense of purpose when working with personality disorder.

Clinical implications

The perceived greater lack of purpose in working with personality disorder should be the target of clinical training and intervention. Targeted interventions that include training in managing personality disorder, supervision and practice in non-specialist, general psychiatry settings are important.
Pokorny's complaint: The insoluble problem of the overwhelming number of false positives generated by suicide risk assessment
Authors: Nielssen Olav , Wallace Duncan , Large Matthew
Published: September 2017

Alex Pokorny's 1983 prospective study of suicide found that 96.3% of high-risk predictions were false positives, and that more than half of the suicides occurred in the low-risk group and were hence false negatives. All subsequent prospective studies, including the recent US Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS), have reported similar results. We argue that since risk assessment cannot be a practical basis for interventions aimed at reducing suicide, the alternative is for mental health services to carefully consider what amounts to an adequate standard of care, and to adopt the universal precaution of attempting to provide that to all of our patients.
Plans, hopes and ideas for mental health
Authors: Ashton John R.
Published: September 2017

Mental health and the failings of the mental health services are in the spotlight as never before. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the often dire situation with regard to child and adolescent mental health. At the same time, there is a renewed interest in the scope for prevention of mental illness and distress, and in population approaches to mental well-being. It may come as a surprise to some that others have given such serious consideration to strategic approaches to public mental health as long ago as the 1950s. It appears that such consideration was squeezed out by the dominant concerns of serious and enduring mental illness and a prevailing biological view of psychiatry. The time is right to engage with this agenda in recognition of the importance of public mental health, not only for the individual and for families, but also for society as a whole and for the economy. The publication of a review of the subject by the Faculty of Public Health and the Mental Health Foundation is to be commended. Let us make sure it leads to action.
A Qualitative Case Study of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Resources after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake
Authors: Uprety Sital , Iwelunmor Juliet , Sadik Nora , Dangol Bipin , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: September 2017

The 2015 Nepal earthquake destroyed over half a million buildings including the drinking water and sanitation infrastructures, causing the displacement of around 2.8 million people. However, knowledge of how individuals coped with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) inadequacies following the earthquake remains incomplete. We conducted focus group discussions and detailed interviews with 30 participants in the affected areas of Kavrepalanchowk and a temporary settlement in Bhaktapur to assess their response and access to WASH after the earthquake. The data were analyzed based on the cultural empowerment domain of the PEN-3 cultural model. Results show that responses to WASH include the provision of water from public and private resources (positive response), the provision of chlorine tablets for treating drinking water (unique response), and limited water supply for household chores and limited sanitation and hygiene resources (negative response). These findings underscore the need to understand how individuals and households cope with WASH following an earthquake. It also highlights the need for targeted interventions focused on building community resilience in addition to providing critical relief efforts.
Site Characteristics of Kathmandu Valley from Array Microtremor Observations
Authors: Poovarodom Nakhorn , Chamlagain Deepak , Jirasakjamroonsri Amorntep , Warnitchai Pennung
Published: September 2017

Array microtremor observations were conducted in Kathmandu Valley close to six seismic stations. Sedimentary layers from surface to deep basement rock were modeled according to the derived velocity structures for site response analysis. The records in horizontal component from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake main shock at deep sedimentary sites were compared with the predictions from analysis using the records from a shallow sedimentary site as input motions. Generally, the comparisons are in good agreement where spectral amplification at long periods and suppression at short periods could be justified by the velocity models.
Implementing Nepal's National Building Code: A Case Study in Patience and Persistence
Authors: Arendt Lucy , Hortacsu Ayse , Jaiswal Kishor , Bevington John , Shrestha Surya , Lanning Forrest , Mentor-William Garmalia , Naeem Ghazala , Thibert Kate
Published: September 2017

The April 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal revealed the relative effectiveness of the Nepal Standard or the national building code (NBC), and irregular compliance with it in different parts of Nepal. Much of the damage to more than half a million residential structures in Nepal may be attributed to the prevalence of owner-built or owner-supervised construction and the lack of owner and builder responsiveness to seismic risk and training in the appropriate means of complying with the NBC. To explain these circumstances, we review the protracted implementation of the NBC and the role played by one organization, the National Society for Earthquake Technology—Nepal (NSET), in the implementation of the NBC. We also share observations on building code compliance made by individuals in Nepal participating in workshops led by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute's 2014 class of Housner Fellows.
Libraries: the uncomfortable need to select
Authors: Bernardes José Augusto Cardoso
Published: September 2017

https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-8436_46_47_10
Prédicas para a alma e o corpo: algumas questões para a compreensão da doença no contexto luso-brasileiro do século XVIII
Authors: Neves Abreu Jean Luiz
Published: September 2017

Os cuidados relativos à alma e aos corpos foram tema de uma ampla literatura entre os séculos XVI e XVIII. Tratados de medicina e teologia e outros impressos procuravam instruir sobre a melhor forma de conservar a saúde do corpo e a salvação da alma. A partir dos impressos publicados no século XVIII, este artigo busca problematizar as relações entre a medicina e a religião no contexto luso-brasileiro, mostrando como esses dois campos foram marcados por proximidades, mas também por tensões no que diz respeito aos cuidados relativos aos corpos e aos sentidos que a doença assumia
Das Prinzip der Apperzeption und der Aufbau der Beweisführung der Deduktion B
Authors: Caimi >Mario
Published: September 2017

The present article offers a reconstruction of the argument of the Transcendental Deduction in the second edition of the
Association between SLC19A1 gene polymorphism and high dose methotrexate toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non Hodgkin malignant lymphoma: introducing a haplotype based approach
Authors: Kotnik Barbara Faganel , Jazbec Janez , Grabar Petra Bohanec , Rodriguez-Antona Cristina , Dolzan Vita
Published: September 2017

Background

We investigated the clinical relevance of SLC 19A1 genetic variability for high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) related toxicities in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and non Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHML).

Patients and methods

Eighty-eight children and adolescents with ALL/NHML were investigated for the influence of SLC 19A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes on HD-MTX induced toxicities.

Results

Patients with rs2838958 TT genotype had higher probability for mucositis development as compared to carriers of at least one rs2838958 C allele (OR 0.226 (0.071–0.725), p < 0.009). Haplotype TGTTCCG (H4) statistically significantly reduced the risk for the occurrence of adverse events during treatment with HD-MTX (OR 0.143 (0.023–0.852), p = 0.030).

Conclusions

SLC 19A1 SNP and haplotype analysis could provide additional information in a personalized HD-MTX therapy for children with ALL/NHML in order to achieve better treatment outcome. However further studies are needed to validate the results.
Molecular dynamics simulation of nanofluidics
Authors: Chen Xueye
Published: September 2017

This review reports the progress on the recent development of molecular dynamics simulation of nanofluidics. Molecular dynamics simulations of nanofluidics in nanochannel structure, surface roughness of nanochannel, carbon nanotubes, electrically charged, thermal transport in nanochannels and gases in nanochannels are illustrated and discussed. This paper will provide an expedient and valuable reference to designers who intend to research molecular dynamics simulation of nanofluidic devices.
Recent trends in the industrial use and emission of known and suspected carcinogens in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Slavik Catherine E. , Kalenge Sheila , Demers Paul A.
Published: September 2017

Background:

In 2010, Ontario, Canada’s most populous province, implemented its Toxics Reduction Act, Ontario Regulation 455/09 (TRA), which requires four major manufacturing and mineral processing industry groups that already report releases of pollutants federally to the National Pollutant Release Inventory to additionally track, account and report their use and creation. The TRA was modeled after the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act of 1989, which has been very successful and reported significant reduction in toxic use and carcinogen release.

Methods:

Data from the TRA were retrieved, and the trends in the use and release of 17 known and suspected carcinogens associated with the seven most prevalent cancers diagnosed in Ontario and reported by industrial facilities in Ontario from 2011 to 2015 were examined using methodology adapted from (Jacobs MM, Massey RI, Tenney H, Harriman E. Reducing the use of carcinogens: the Massachusetts experience. Rev Environ Health 2014;29(4):319–40).

Results:

Carcinogens associated with lung cancers, leukemia and lymphomas were observed as the most used and released carcinogens in Ontario by amount. Overall, for 2011–2015, there was an observed reduction in the industrial use of carcinogens, except among breast carcinogens, which increased by 20%. An increase in the industrial releases of carcinogens was observed across all cancer sites, except among lung carcinogens, which decreased by 28%.

Conclusion:

The results of this study highlight the potential for reducing the cancer burden by reducing the use and release of select carcinogens associated with particularly prevalent cancers. Toxics use reduction programs can support cancer prevention initiatives by promoting targeted reductions in exposures to industrial carcinogens.
Multiple Signaling Pathways Coordinately Regulate Forgetting of Olfactory Adaptation through Control of Sensory Responses inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kitazono Tomohiro , Hara-Kuge Sayuri , Matsuda Osamu , Inoue Akitoshi , Fujiwara Manabi , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: September 2017

Forgetting memories is important for animals to properly respond to continuously changing environments. To elucidate the mechanisms of forgetting, we used one of the behavioral plasticities ofCaenorhabditis eleganshermaphrodite, olfactory adaptation to an attractive odorant, diacetyl, as a simple model of learning. InC. elegans,the TIR-1/JNK-1 pathway accelerates forgetting of olfactory adaptation by facilitating neural secretion from AWC sensory neurons. In this study, to identify the downstream effectors of the TIR-1/JNK-1 pathway, we conducted a genetic screen for suppressors of the gain-of-function mutant oftir-1(ok1052), which shows excessive forgetting. Our screening showed that three proteins—a membrane protein, MACO-1; a receptor tyrosine kinase, SCD-2; and its putative ligand, HEN-1—regulated forgetting downstream of the TIR-1/JNK-1 pathway. We further demonstrated that MACO-1 and SCD-2/HEN-1 functioned in parallel genetic pathways, and only MACO-1 regulated forgetting of olfactory adaptation to isoamyl alcohol, which is an attractive odorant sensed by different types of sensory neurons. In olfactory adaptation, odor-evoked Ca2+responses in olfactory neurons are attenuated by conditioning and recovered thereafter. A Ca2+imaging study revealed that this attenuation is sustained longer inmaco-1andscd-2mutant animals than in wild-type animals like the TIR-1/JNK-1 pathway mutants. Furthermore, temporal silencing by histamine-gated chloride channels revealed that the neuronal activity of AWC neurons after conditioning is important for proper forgetting. We propose that distinct signaling pathways, each of which has a specific function, may coordinately and temporally regulate forgetting by controlling sensory responses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActive forgetting is an important process to understand the whole mechanisms of memories. Recent papers have reported that the noncell autonomous regulations are required for proper forgetting in invertebrates. We found that inCaenorhabditis eleganshermaphrodite, the noncell autonomous regulations of forgetting of olfactory adaptation is regulated by three conserved proteins: a membrane protein, MACO-1; a receptor tyrosine kinase, SCD-2: and its ligand, HEN-1. MACO-1 and SCD-2/HEN-1, working in coordination, accelerate forgetting by controlling sensory responses in parallel. Furthermore, temporal regulation of neuronal activity is important for proper forgetting. We suggest that multiple pathways may coordinately and temporally regulate forgetting through control of sensory responses. This study should lead to a better understanding of forgetting in higher organisms.