bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term Follow-up of Cheilectomy for Treatment of Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Sidon Eliezer , Rogero Ryan , Bell Timothy , McDonald Elizabeth , Shakked Rachel J. , Fuchs Daniel , Daniel Joseph N. , Pedowitz David I. , Raikin Steven M.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Hallux rigidus is the most common arthritic condition in the foot. First metatarsophalangeal joint cheilectomy produces satisfactory results in retrospective studies with reported good to excellent results in up to 97% and pain relief and function in 92%. The results of cheilectomy for higher grades of hallux rigidus are less favorable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional results and survivorship of cheilectomy for treatment of hallux rigidus.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, questionnaire-based study investigating the long-term results of cheilectomy for treatment of hallux rigidus. The preoperative arthritic grade was graded retrospectively according to the Hattrup and Johnson (H&J) grading system. A questionnaire was administered via email or telephone that included questions regarding pain recurrence following surgery, current functional status, and satisfaction with the operation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate survival time between arthritic grades. We reviewed 165 patients (169 feet) with an average follow-up of 6.6 (5.0-10.9) years.

Results:

The overall survival rate (painless at the time of last follow-up) was 70.4% (119 feet), with no significant difference between the 3 H&J arthritic grades. Most of the recurrences (28 feet, 75%) were at the first 2 years following the surgery. Nine feet (5.3%) had a second procedure at a mean postoperative time of 3.6 (range, 1.6-7.4) years. Of the 169 feet, 117 (69.3%) reported being satisfied or very satisfied and 127 (75.1%) indicated they would repeat the operation under the same circumstances.

Conclusion:

Our study supports the use of cheilectomy for treatment of hallux rigidus (grade 1-3 Coughlin and Shurnas) as a reliable procedure with favorable results. At long-term follow-up, patients who underwent cheilectomy had a low revision rate and a moderately low rate of pain recurrence.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case-series.
Where Now? Current Observations, Future Directions
Authors: Ferman Barbara
Published: July 2019

In this final article, I sum up the major comments, respond to the questions, and address the critiques of the contributing authors. I also examine some key developments that occurred after the publication of the book, particularly the rash of teacher strikes in red states and the nationwide student movement against gun violence. What might these events portend for large-scale coalition building to preserve education as a public good?
Rethinking the distinctions between old and new media: Introduction
Authors: Lesage Frederik , Natale Simone
Published: July 2019

Recent approaches to media change have convincingly shown that distinctions between old and new media are inadequate to describe the complexity of present and past technological configurations. Yet, oldness and newness remain powerful ways to describe and understand media change and continue to direct present-day perceptions and interactions with a wide range of technologies – from vinyl records to artificial intelligence voice assistants such as Siri and Alexa. How can one refuse rigid definitions of old and new, while at the same time retaining the usefulness and pertinence of these concepts for the study and analysis of media change? This introduction to the special issue entitled ‘Rethinking the Distinctions between Old and New Media’ aims to answer this question by taking up the notion of biography. We argue that the recurrence of oldness and newness as categories to describe media is strictly related to the fact that interactions with media are embedded within a biographical understanding of time, which refers both to the life course of people or objects and to the narratives that are created and disseminated about them. Employing this approach entails considering the history of a medium against the history of the changing definitions that are attributed to it and, more broadly, to considering time not only as such but also against the narratives that make it thinkable and understandable.
Religion and the spontaneous order of the market: Law, freedom, and power over lives
Authors: Stimilli Elettra
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on a religious structure that is intrinsic to the contemporary mechanisms that have enabled the global domination of economic power: faith in the market. Following Foucault’s transition from biopolitics to governmentality, this article articulates the mechanism that generates the ability for human beings to give shape and value to their lives. Through a reading of Schmitt and Hayek, as well as an updated reading of Weber’s thesis on the origin of capitalism, this article argues that we must turn our attention to the Christian motifs that shape our contemporary understanding of the ‘economy’.
Experimental behaviour of hollow reinforced concrete members with inner octagonal steel tube under lateral impact
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Rui , Hou Chuanchuan , Zhang Dongjie
Published: July 2019

This work investigated the impact performance of hollow reinforced concrete members with inner octagonal steel tube. Experiments on 13 specimens subjected to low-velocity drop weight impact are presented in this article, covering key parameters such as the impact height, boundary condition, axial load ratio and thickness of the inner tube. The dynamic processes, failure patterns, impact force and mid-span deflection histories, and residual mid-span deflections were obtained from the experiments. Flexure-shear was observed as the main failure pattern for all the specimens under impact. It was found that all the key parameters considered had influences on the impact performance of hollow reinforced concrete specimens with inner octagonal steel tube. Effects of these parameters on the impact performance of hollow reinforced concrete members were discussed.
Measurements and analysis of adhesive forces for micron particles on common indoor surfaces
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Yu Suyuan , Wu Yingge , Peng Wei
Published: July 2019

Dust particle resuspension from indoor surfaces is an important source of particulate matter in indoor environments. The adhesive force represents the resistance of the particle to resuspension in an air stream and is a key factor in the resuspension process. The present study used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to measure the adhesive forces between three particle samples and four common indoor surfaces including acrylic, marble, epoxy flooring and wood flooring. The effects of different indoor surfaces were investigated using 12 particle–surface combinations. The results show that the average adhesive forces range from 8.2 nN to 448.1 nN for different combinations with the surface roughness being the main factor. The average adhesive force increases with the contact radius and is larger on the wood flooring surface than on the other three surfaces. Then, the resuspension process was simulated using the moment balance method with the measured adhesive forces as the model inputs. The model predictions show that the wood flooring surface has the largest resistance to the air flow entrainment, followed by the epoxy flooring surface, then the marble surface and the least is the acrylic surface.
Estimating the direct contribution of tourism to Rwanda’s economy: Tourism satellite account methodology
Authors: Odunga Pius O , Manyara Geoffrey , Yobesia Mark
Published: July 2019

The tourism industry is poised to command a significant role in the economy of Rwanda, a low-income developing country that is rapidly transforming into a service-oriented economy. However, the industry does not exist as a distinct entity in a country’s national accounts leading to difficulties in estimating its role. Besides, the existence of a significant informal sector aggravates the situation. This study used tourism satellite accounts approach to estimate the economic contribution of tourism. Using primary data from various tourism surveys, six core tables of the tourism satellite accounts framework are presented to estimate the direct economic contribution of tourism to Rwanda’s economy in 2014. In this year, a total of 1,219,529 international tourists visited the country while 560,000 residents took part in domestic tourism trips resulting in internal tourism expenditure/consumption amounting to RWF 261.2bn. This generated an estimated RWF 197.5bn as gross value added by the tourism characteristic industries. Direct tourism gross value added was estimated at RWF 120.0bn while direct tourism gross domestic product, a measure of the direct effects of internal tourism consumption on gross domestic product of the economy was computed at RWF 128.3bn (or 2.5% of Rwanda’s gross domestic product) in the year. In addition to the core six tourism satellite accounts tables, the levels of tourism employment (about 89,000 jobs) tourism gross fixed capital formation (slightly over RWF 200bn) and tourism collective consumption (over RWF 7bn) were estimated.

Under this study, the international methodological recommendations on tourism satellite accounts were implemented for Rwanda. The contribution of tourism to gross domestic product, employment, investment, and collective consumption was quantified and estimated. Informal sector tourism activities were included in these estimates. Gross fixed capital formation and collective consumption estimates are tentative due to conceptual considerations documented by the methodological framework.
Helping factors in an outdoor adventure program
Authors: Gargano Virginie , Turcotte Daniel
Published: July 2019

A number of studies have addressed outdoor and adventure programs over the past 50 years. Despite empirical evidence that demonstrates the personal benefits of group interventions, research investigating the mechanisms responsible for these effects is scarce. This is particularly so for groups in natural outdoor and adventure settings. There is therefore a need to improve our understanding of the processes involved. This research focused on personal and interpersonal processes that occurred during an outdoor group expedition. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 23 subjects aged between 17 and 21 who had participated in an 18-day expedition. The data are examined through a theoretical framework known as “helping factors” often used when studying benefits of a group intervention.

Findings

The results show that participation in the program promoted self-understanding, interpersonal learning, socializing techniques, and cohesion. Altruism, imitative behavior, universality, and imparting information were also important. As for existential factors, corrective recapitulation of the family, catharsis, and hope, these were rarely mentioned if not absent.

Applications

The results give a better understanding of the helping factors in such programs and of their potential role in the group process, as well as their application in social work practice.
Providence and contingency in Corsica: Rousseau on freedom without politics
Authors: Daly Eoin
Published: July 2019

Rousseau’s embrace of popular sovereignty – a sovereignty that is unmediated and unrepresented – is often understood as entailing a kind of democratic absolutism. However, Richard Tuck has argued that Rousseau recognises the impossibility of large-scale democratic participation under early-modern conditions, and so confines popular sovereignty to one-off exercises in constitutional or ‘constituent’ lawmaking. This suggests that Rousseau’s thought actually provides cover for a kind of retreat from politics for early-modern citizens, and that being ‘sovereign’ somehow gives these citizens a way of realising political freedom without engaging in political action in its classical or humanist senses. I argue, through a reading of Constitutional Plan for Corsica, that Rousseau crafts a vision of freedom that is realised in the harmony and order of pastoral life, and that this vision not only rejects, but is juxtaposed with and opposed to the life of political action. While this vision of ordered harmony emulates or substitutes the ‘divine providence’ of nature, it aims at dissolving the conditions of contingency and disorder that other republicans understand as being the very circumstance or prerequisite of republican freedom.
Academic freedom in primary and secondary school teaching
Authors: Maxwell Bruce , Waddington David I. , McDonough Kevin
Published: July 2019

Why do society and the courts so readily recognize university and college teachers’ academic freedom but just as readily deny primary and secondary school teachers the same right? To investigate this question, this article considers teachers’ work in light of the standard justifications for granting academic freedom in higher education: that academic freedom is essential to promoting the capacity for critical reflection and the reliable transfer of disciplinary knowledge. Considering that society calls on teachers to play a key role in advancing both of these educational and social goods, the article argues that granting academic freedom in higher education, while denying it for primary and secondary teachers, appears to be a double standard. The claims to academic freedom typically reserved for university professors, we show, also apply to the work of primary and secondary teachers. There are significant differences between teaching in the higher education sector as opposed to the compulsory education sector. School teachers work with a conscripted clientele of minors and are therefore rightly subject to more stringent norms of public accountability. These differences notwithstanding, the concept of academic freedom, the article concludes, is a potentially powerful source of leverage for addressing concerns about the erosion of teachers’ professional autonomy and for increased teacher involvement in the elaboration and management of the regulatory frameworks that govern their work.
A Theoretical Literature Review on the Social Identity Model of Organizational Leadership
Authors: Turner John R. , Chacon-Rivera Martin R.
Published: July 2019

The Problem

Leadership is commonly represented as being an individual construct with characteristics, competencies, and traits that identify the individual. Leadership development interventions are also framed around the individual leader. Leadership needs to account for the perceptions and identities of all group members. This includes a leader who is a prototype of both the in-group and out-group members.

The Solution

Leadership development efforts could be designed to account for the different identities of all members involved, producing a representative prototypical leader. Implementing the social identity model of organizational leadership (SIMOL) theory could be the catalyst that furthers human resource development (HRD)’s efforts of providing a new Worldview of Leadership as called for by McLean and Beigi, one that is all inclusive of its membership.

The Stakeholders

Considering the SIMOL theory, HRD scholars and scholar-practitioners could offer new perspectives when viewing the leader-group dynamics and leadership development.
Be Aware of Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery Origin Before Aortic Coarctation Stenting: A Case Report Study
Authors: Dehghan Alireza , Haseli Sara , Keshavarz Pedram , Ahmadi Marzieh , Dehghani Pooyan
Published: July 2019

The subclavian steal syndrome (SSS), also called subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease, is defined as reversal of the vertebral artery flow secondary to significant hemodynamically ipsilateral occlusion or stenosis of the proximal subclavian artery. It is usually seen secondary to atherosclerosis and aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), resulting in SSS which is even less common. Aberrant right subclavian artery is a kind of vascular anomaly associated with coarctation of the aorta (CoA). It usually originates from the descending aorta distal to the site of CoA. Here, we present a young man who was a case of ARSA and CoA. He developed SSS after transcatheter aortic stenting secondary to unusual origin of ARSA from the site of CoA. Awareness of this rare anomaly helps to overcome this complication in patients undergoing interventional stenting for CoA and ARSA with anomalous origin.
Effect of Music Tempo on Long-Distance Driving: Which Tempo Is the Most Effective at Reducing Fatigue?
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Yingjie V. , Zhang Linghao
Published: July 2019

This study investigated how music tempo impacted drivers’ fatigue and quality of attention in a long-distance monotonous highway environment. Sixteen drivers were enrolled in four sessions of real-road driving tests under the following four music conditions: no music, slow tempo, medium tempo and fast tempo. Specifically, the drivers’ electroencephalogram parameters and eye movement parameters were recorded to measure their extent of fatigue and quality of attention, respectively. Of the three tempos, medium-tempo music is the best choice to reduce fatigue and maintain attention for a long-distance driving. Slow-tempo music can temporarily boost the quality of attention, but after a long period of driving, it significantly deteriorates the driver’s levels of fatigue and attention. Fast-tempo music helps relieve driver fatigue but significantly deteriorates drivers’ attention after an extended driving time. This study offered practical references for drivers regarding the use of music to avoid fatigue, maintain attention and improve their driving safety. Based on previous theories of music and driving, we have explored the underlying mechanism of how music tempo maintains the alertness of drivers.
Right Ventricular Dominance Is Associated With Inferior Outcomes After the Extracardiac Fontan
Authors: West Caroline , Maul Timothy , Feingold Brian , Morell Victor O.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Investigations of ventricular dominance and outcomes after the Fontan procedure have shown conflicting results. This may be due to the inclusion of multiple modifications of the Fontan or the omission of recently identified complications of the procedure. We examined the association between right ventricular dominance (RVD) and morbidity/mortality in a contemporary cohort following the extracardiac (EC) Fontan.

Methods:

We studied all pediatric patients at our center who underwent a predominantly fenestrated EC Fontan from 2004 to 2016. Outcomes assessed were freedom from (1) Fontan failure (death, takedown, listing for transplantation) and (2) complication (arrhythmia requiring medication, postoperative pacemaker, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator requirement, stroke, thrombosis in the Fontan circuit, protein losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, New York Heart Association class >2). We defined the perioperative period as occurring before hospital discharge or within 30 days of the Fontan.

Results:

A total of 137 patients (median age: 34 months, 62% male, 60% RVD) underwent the EC Fontan. Median duration of follow-up was 5.8 years (interquartile range: 2.4-9.0). Freedom from any event was 82.5% (RVD = 77%, LVD = 91%, χ2(1) = 5.03, P = .025) and RVD was associated with reduced event-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.94, P = .02). No confounders were identified. In the perioperative period, RVD was associated with reduced complication-free survival ( P = .004). After this period, RVD was associated with reduced failure-free survival ( P = .003).

Conclusions:

In this contemporary, single-center cohort of EC Fontan patients, RVD was associated with inferior outcomes.
Cardiovascular Computed Tomographic Angiography as a Virtual Patient Avatar for Individualized Surgical Planning of Complex Anomalous Coronary Artery Anatomy
Authors: Shinbane Jerold S. , Baker Craig , Saremi Farhood , Starnes Vaughn
Published: July 2019

Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) 3-D thoracic reconstruction can serve as a “virtual patient avatar” providing surgical views for approach to complex anomalous coronary artery anatomy. Images demonstrated a single coronary artery ostium arising from the right aortic sinus with trifurcation into a prepulmonic left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), an interarterial circumflex with a subsequent intraseptal course, and normal course of the right coronary artery. Virtual 3-D CCTA reconstructions were important to planning an incisional plane for surgical correction.
Incidence and Risk Factors for a Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Progressing to a Complete Tear After Nonoperative Treatment in Patients Younger Than 30 Years
Authors: Fayard Jean-Marie , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Vrgoc Goran , O’Loughlin Padhraig , de Mont Marin Geoffroy Dubois , Freychet Benjamin , Vieira Thais D. , Thaunat Mathieu
Published: July 2019

Background:

Partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are observed in 10% to 27% of isolated ACL tears. There is currently no consensus on diagnosis and treatment protocols, and the outcomes of nonoperative treatment remain undefined.

Purpose:

To assess the incidence and risk factors for the progression of partial ACL tears to complete ruptures after nonoperative treatment in active patients younger than 30 years.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 41 patients, all younger than 30 years and active in sports, were diagnosed with a partial ACL tear, with no associated meniscal or chondral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All were assigned to a nonoperative treatment program. The Lachman test, ≤4-mm side-to-side difference in laxity by Rolimeter, and MRI were utilized for the diagnosis. Tegner and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were assessed before and after the first lesion, and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) score was assessed at last follow-up. Postinjury Tegner and IKDC scores were assessed before the second injury for patients progressing to a complete ACL tear and at last follow-up for patients without progression.

Results:

At a mean of 43 months (range, 24-96 months), the partial ACL injury progressed to a complete ACL tear in 16 (39%) patients. In the remaining 25 patients without progression, the mean Tegner and IKDC scores were 7.0 and 96.0 before the injury and 5.9 and 85.7, respectively, at last follow-up. The mean ACL-RSI score was 69.3. The Tegner and IKDC scores were significantly lower at final follow-up ( P = .0002 and P < .0001, respectively). Only 18 (44%) patients returned to their preinjury level of sports activities. A significantly increased risk of progression to a complete ACL tear was seen in patients ≤20 years (odds ratio, 5.19; P = .037) or patients practicing pivoting contact sports (odds ratio, 6.29; P = .026). Meniscal lesions were found in 50% of patients with a partial tear that progressed to a complete ACL tear.

Conclusion:

A partial ACL injury progressed to a complete ACL tear in 39% of young active patients treated conservatively, with half of the complete tears presenting with a concomitant meniscal lesion at the time of reconstruction. Age ≤20 years and participation in pivoting contact sports were identified as significant risk factors for progression to a complete tear.
“The decision you make today will affect many generations to come”: Environmental assessment law and Indigenous resistance to urbanization
Authors: Darrah-Okike Jennifer
Published: July 2019

In the early 2000s, the rural and predominantly Native Hawaiian Moloka‘i community faced another episode in a decades-long struggle against the commodification of sacred lands in the context of settler colonialism. In this paper I analyze a decisive moment in the land struggle: a public hearing over a legally mandated environmental impact assessment. Environmental assessments promise to improve environmental outcomes via public participation, but have often fallen short as a means to assert the values and interests of Indigenous communities. This paper adds insight into why this happens and shows how one community overcame the political limitations of the environmental assessments process. Through an analysis of public records and interview data, I show how corporate landowners engaged in extensive community consultation to pursue their commercial interests, in anticipation of the environmental assessments and in hopes of securing land-use approvals. However, in response, community members articulated Indigenous values and agency within (and beyond) a legal setting and environmental review process partially at odds with such values. I argue that defenders of a culturally sacred place, Lā‘au Point, both deployed and resisted Hawai‘i’s land-use and environmental laws. They leveraged the formal legal criteria of the environmental review process, yet they affirmed cultural meanings and relationships of moral responsibility to land by deploying multiple literacies—legal literacies as well as land and culture-based literacies—to protect a cherished place. Overall, this case study reveals the diversity, complexity, and resilience of Native Hawaiian resistance to urbanization and settler colonialism.
Fetal hemoglobin does not inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth
Authors: Archer Natasha M. , Petersen Nicole , Duraisingh Manoj T.
Published: July 2019

Key Points

P falciparum growth is not inhibited in either cord or heterozygote hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin erythrocytes. P falciparum growth in fetal hemoglobin erythrocytes is oxygen independent.
Associations Between Bone Impact Microindentation and Clinical Risk Factors for Fracture
Authors: Rufus-Membere Pamela , Holloway-Kew Kara L , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Kotowicz Mark A , Pasco Julie A
Published: July 2019

Impact microindentation (IMI) measures bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo. However, clinical risk factors that affect BMSi are largely unknown. This study investigated associations between BMSi and clinical risk factors for fracture in men. BMSi was measured using the OsteoProbe in 357 men (ages 33 to 96 years) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Risk factors included age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), parental hip fracture, prior fracture, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), secondary osteoporosis, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, medications, diseases, and low serum vitamin D levels. BMSi was negatively associated with age (r = −0.131, P = 0.014), weight (r = −0.109, P = 0.040), and BMI (r = −0.083, P = 0.001); no correlations were detected with BMD (r = 0.000, P = 0.998) or height (r = 0.087, P = 0.10). Mean BMSi values for men with and without prior fracture were 80.2 ± 6.9 vs 82.8 ± 6.1 (P = 0.024); parental hip fracture, 80.1 ± 6.1 vs 82.8 ± 6.9 (P = 0.029); and T2DM, 80.3 ± 8.5 vs 82.9 ± 6.6 (P = 0.059). BMSi did not differ in the presence vs absence of other risk factors. In multivariable models, mean (± SD) BMSi remained associated with prior fracture and parental hip fracture after adjusting for age and BMI: prior fracture (80.5 ± 1.1 vs 82.8 ± 0.4, P = 0.044); parental fracture (79.9 ± 1.2 vs 82.9 ± 0.4, P = 0.015). No other confounders were identified. We conclude that in men, BMSi discriminates prior fracture and parental hip fracture, which are both known to increase the risk for incident fracture. These findings suggest that IMI may be useful for identifying men who have an increased risk for fracture.
Hurtling off a Precipice, Falling into a River: A Nahuatl Metaphor and the Christian Concept of Sin
Authors: Brylak Agnieszka
Published: July 2019

This article centers on a contextual analysis of the Nahuatl metaphor atoyatl tepexitl as attested in the colonial sources belonging to different genres: from devotional literature, like doctrinal treatises and religious plays, to sacred narratives on pre-Hispanic gods (e.g., the mockeries of Tezcatlipoca in Tula). Due to its compatibility with the Christian negative valuation of falling and the existence of similar expressions in Spanish, this couplet was adopted by friars to render the concept of sin. The article points to possible ambiguities and confusions that establishing such equivalency must have caused early after the conquest, and attempts to unravel the possible pre-Hispanic ramifications of the metaphor.
Base-pairing interactions between substrate RNA and H/ACA guide RNA modulate the kinetics of pseudouridylation, but not the affinity of substrate binding by H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Kelly Erin K. , Czekay Dominic P. , Kothe Ute
Published: July 2019

H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) pseudouridylate RNA in eukaryotes and archaea. They target many RNAs site-specifically through base-pairing interactions between H/ACA guide and substrate RNA. Besides ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), H/ACA snoRNPs are thought to also modify messenger RNA (mRNA) with potential impacts on gene expression. However, the base pairing between known target RNAs and H/ACA guide RNAs varies widely in nature, and therefore the rules governing substrate RNA selection are still not fully understood. To provide quantitative insight into substrate RNA recognition, we systematically altered the sequence of a substrate RNA target by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae H/ACA guide RNA snR34. Time courses measuring pseudouridine formation revealed a gradual decrease in the initial velocity of pseudouridylation upon reducing the number of base pairs between substrate and guide RNA. Changing or inserting nucleotides close to the target uridine severely impairs pseudouridine formation. Interestingly, filter binding experiments show that all substrate RNA variants bind to H/ACA snoRNPs with nanomolar affinity. Next, we showed that binding of inactive, near-cognate RNAs to H/ACA snoRNPs does not inhibit their activity for cognate RNAs, presumably because near-cognate RNAs dissociate rapidly. We discuss that the modulation of initial velocities by the base-pairing strength might affect the order and efficiency of pseudouridylation in rRNA during ribosome biogenesis. Moreover, the binding of H/ACA snoRNPs to near-cognate RNAs may be a mechanism to search for cognate target sites. Together, our data provide critical information to aid in the prediction of productive H/ACA guide—substrate RNA pairs.
Mutually exclusive amino acid residues of L13a are responsible for its ribosomal incorporation and translational silencing leading to resolution of inflammation
Authors: Kour Ravinder , Komar Anton A. , Mazumder Barsanjit
Published: July 2019

Eukaryotic ribosomal protein L13a is a member of the conserved universal ribosomal uL13 protein family. Structurally, L13a is distinguished from its prokaryotic counterparts by the presence of an ∼55 amino acid-long carboxy-terminal α-helical extension. The importance of these evolved residues in the carboxy-terminal extension for mammalian ribosome biogenesis as well as L13a's extraribosomal function in GAIT (γ interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex-mediated translation silencing during inflammation is not understood. Here, we present biochemical analyses of L13a mutant variants identifying several mutually exclusive amino acid residues in the eukaryote-specific carboxy-terminal extension of human L13a (Tyr149-Val203) important for ribosomal incorporation and translational silencing. Specifically, we show that mutation of Arg169, Lys170, and Lys171 to Ala abrogate GAIT-mediated translational silencing, but not L13a incorporation into ribosomes. Moreover, we show that the carboxy-terminal helix alone can silence translation of GAIT element-containing mRNAs in vitro. We also show through cellular immunofluorescence experiments that nuclear but not nucleolar localization of L13a is resistant to extensive amino acid alterations, suggesting that multiple complex nuclear import signals are present within this protein. These studies provide new insights into L13a structure and its ribosomal and extraribosomal functions in model human cells.
Novel mRNAs 3′ end-associated cis-regulatory elements with epigenomic signatures of mammalian enhancers in the Arabidopsis genome
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Lin V. , Chekanova Julia A.
Published: July 2019

The precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression requires the coordinated action of genomic cis-regulatory elements (CREs), including transcriptional enhancers. However, our knowledge of enhancers in plants remains rudimentary and only a few plant enhancers have been experimentally defined. Here, we screened the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and identified >1900 unique candidate CREs that carry the genomic signatures of mammalian enhancers. These were termed putative enhancer-like elements (PEs). Nearly all PEs are intragenic and, unexpectedly, most associate with the 3′ ends of protein-coding genes. PEs are hotspots for transcription factor binding and harbor motifs resembling cleavage/polyadenylation signals, potentially coupling 3′ end processing to the transcriptional regulation of other genes. Hi-C data showed that 24% of PEs are located at regions that can interact intrachromosomally with other protein-coding genes and, surprisingly, many of these target genes interact with PEs through their 3′ UTRs. Examination of the genomes of 1135 sequenced Arabidopsis accessions showed that PEs are conserved. Our findings suggest that the identified PEs may serve as transcriptional enhancers and sites for mRNA 3′ end processing, and constitute a novel group of CREs in Arabidopsis.
Multiple microbiologic tests for tuberculosis improve diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in medically complex patients
Authors: Fakey Khan Dilshaad , Suleman Moosa , Baijnath Prinita , Perumal Rubeshan , Moodley Vedanthi , Mhlane Zoey , Naidoo Taryn , Ndung'u Thumbi , Wong Emily B.
Published: July 2019

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is indicated for medical evaluation of complex cases of lung disease.  There is limited data on the performance of tuberculosis (TB) microbiologic tests on BAL in such patients, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB endemic areas.

Methods: We evaluated the performance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) culture and up to two simultaneous Xpert MTB/RIF tests on BAL fluid against a consensus clinical diagnosis in 98 medically complex patients undergoing bronchoscopy over a two-year period in Durban, South Africa.

Results: TB was the most frequently diagnosed lung disease, found in 19 of 98 participants (19%) and was microbiologically proven in 14 of these (74%); 9 (47%) were culture positive and 5 were positive on at least one Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Immunosuppression prevalence was high (26% HIV-infected, 29% on immunosuppressive therapy and 4% on chemotherapy). Xpert MTB/RIF had low sensitivity (45%) and high specificity (99%) when assessed against the consensus clinical diagnosis. Compared to TB culture, a single Xpert MTB/RIF increased the diagnostic yield by 11% and a second Xpert MTB/RIF by a further 16%.

Conclusion: Although Xpert MTB/RIF had a low sensitivity, sending two tests improved the microbiologically-proven diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy from 47% to 74% compared to culture alone.
ПОДХОДЫ К СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ РАСЧЕТА ПЛАТЫ ЗА НЕГАТИВНОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ
Authors: Kirilchuk Iraida Olegovna
Published: July 2019

На сегодняшний день совершенствование инструментов и механизмов управления охраной окружающей среды является актуальной задачей. Экономические методы регулирования хозяйственной деятельности в условиях обеспечения экологической безопасности должны обеспечивать соблюдение различных интересов: предприятий-природопользователей – в получении прибыли, работников данных предприятий – в безопасных условиях труда, государства – в получении экологических налогов и сборов, населения, проживающего в зоне действия предприятий – в качестве окружающей среды. Рассмотрев методологические аспекты расчета и взимания платы за негативное воздействие на окружающую среду в РФ, проведя анализ администрирования платы за НВОС в России и анализ эффективности платы за НВОС как экономического механизма регулирования деятельности природопользователей, авторы предлагают направления совершенствования экономического механизма стимулирования рационального природопользования, в частности направления повышения стимулирующей функции платы за НВОС.Цель – разработка научно обоснованных подходов к увеличению платы за негативное воздействие на окружающую среду с последующим целевым использованием взысканных средств.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовался диалектический метод как общий научный метод познания, приемы статистического, системного, сравнительного, экономического и финансового анализа.Результаты: усовершенствованный метод расчета платы за НВОС, отличающийся учетом эффекта однонаправленного действия (эффекта суммации) загрязняющих веществ на организм человека.Область применения результатов: предложенный метод целесообразно применять для расчета платы за негативное воздействие хозяйствующих субъектов, осуществляющих выбросы в окружающую среду загрязняющих веществ, оказывающих совместное негативное действие на критические органы и системы человеческого организма.
revalence of Tetracycline Resistant Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Surgical Site Infections Egypt
Authors: Shrief Raghdaa , El-Kholy Reem Mohsen , Rizk Mohamed Annies , Zaki Maysaa El-Sayed
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes among isolated S. aureus from healthcare associated surgical site infections. The present study included 350 clinical samples from healthcare associated surgical site infections. Identified S. aureus strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of methicillin resistance by cefoxitin disc and molecular study of mecA and tet genes that were carried out by polymerase chain reaction and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. There were high resistance rates of isolated S. aureus to gentamicin (71.2%), kanamycin (66.5%) and ceftazidime (41.8%). Resistances to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline were 60.6%, 56.5% and 45.3%, respectively. In the comparison between MRSA and MSSA as regards antibiotics resistance, there was a significant increase in resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline (P=0.0001) and erythromycin (P=0.01) among MRSA strains compared to MSSA. The tetracycline resistant genes detected were tetK (92.3%) and tetM (25.2%). Combined genes were detected in 22.3% of S. aureus. None of tetracycline isolates had tetL or tetO gene. There was significant higher frequency of telK, tetM and combined genes among MRSA compared to MSSA (P=0.0001). The present study highlights the prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus associated with healthcare associated infections. The resistance increases among methicillin resistant S. aureus. The resistance to tetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline were common. The common genetic basis of the resistance to tetracycline was the tetK and tetM genes.
Molecular Study of E. coli Virulence Genes in Nosocomial Sepsis
Authors: Zaki Maysaa E. , Bastawy Samah , Montasser Karim
Published: July 2019

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common cause of nosocomial sepsis. There are multiple factors related to the severity of sepsis among these are the presence of virulence genes and the pattern of antibiotics resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of virulence pap gene encoding for pili, hlyA gene encoding for α-hemolysin and cnf1 gene encoding for cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 among E. coli isolated from children with nosocomial sepsis. Also, to correlate the presence of ESBL and carbapenem resistance with the presence of these genes. The study is a retrospective cross-sectional study included 150 non-duplicate strains of E. coli isolated from blood cultures from children with nosocomial sepsis. The isolated E. coli strains were subjected to antibiotics study by disc diffusion method, detection of extended spectrum lactamase production by double discs diffusion method and determination of resistance to carbapenem by combined tests methods. The detection of virulence genes pap, hylA and cnf-1 were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli isolates were classified as ESBL phenotype in 56% of the isolates and carbapenemase producing phenotype in 34.7%. Pap gene, hylA and cnf-1 genes were detected in 30%, 23.3% and 22.7% of the isolated E. coli. The clinic-laboratory study of the virulence genes of E. coli revealed the significant association of pap, hylA and cnf-1genes with prolonged duration of the use of the medical devices (4.3± 2.9 days-P=0.01, 4.5± 2.9 days, P=0.02, 5.2± 3.4 days, P=0.0001 respectively). HylA gene was associated with younger age of the patients (28.4± 4.5, P=0.01). Pap gene was significantly associated with ESBLs and carbapenemase phenotypes (P=0.0001, P=0.002 respectively). On the other hand, cnf-1 was significantly associated with E. coli isolated from primary sepsis (P=0.02) and in isolates from sepsis due to medical devices (P=0.02) and was significantly associated with death (P=0.01) and carbapenemase resistance (P=0.01). The present study highlights the prevalence of pap, hylA and cnf-1 virulence genes among E. coli associated with nosocomial sepsis in children. The frequency of some of these genes was correlated with extended spectrum lactamase resistance and carbapenemase resistance. This may be attributed to the presence of the virulence and antibiotics genes on transferable plasmids. Moreover, there was association with cnf-1 virulence gene and mortality outcome of sepsis. Further studies are recommended to evaluate these findings.
Building on #MeToo and #MeNoMore: Devising a framework to examine sexual violence in Australian music journalism
Authors: Baker Andrea , Williams Katrina
Published: July 2019

Allegations against film producer Harvey Weinstein, co-owner of US entertainment company Miramax Films, which led to the revitalized #MeToo movement of October 2017, gave global recognition to the sexual violence (sexism, misogyny, sexual harassment, assault and rape) that women experience in the creative industries. As a spin-off, the #MeNoMore campaign in December 2017 resulted in more than 400 women working in the Australian music industry speaking out against similar behavior. Despite having a reputation for sexual violence, the local music press played a minor role in this hashtag development, claiming that its practices are tied to radical, liberal and progressive values. In the post-Weinstein, #MeToo and #MeNoMore era, this contradiction signifies that the Australian music press is fertile ground for a feminist investigation. However, to date minimal local research has examined the link between sexual violence and music journalism. As a literature review to a larger empirical case study, this article draws on a critical discourse analysis from the post-feminist wave of media research into rockism, poptimism, punk, rap, hip hop, dubstep and electronic dance music genres, mainly conducted in the United States and United Kingdom. Derived from this analysis, the article argues that there are four framing techniques associated with music journalism practice in Australia: gendered music press, a masculine attitude towards music reporting, gendered musical tastes and gendered sexual harassment.
Ungrievable lives: Australian print media portrayals of Palestinian casualties during the Gaza War of 2014
Authors: Mhanna Mayyada , Rodan Debbie
Published: July 2019

In July–August 2014, Israel launched a military operation, Protective Edge, in which approximately 2200 Palestinians were killed and over 11,000 injured, the majority of them civilians. These casualties resulted in increased interest in the region by the Australian news media. Using framing theory, we analysed 75 news articles published by two Australian mainstream newspapers, The Australian and The Sydney Morning Herald (The SMH), in order to determine how these Palestinian casualties were portrayed. Our findings show that the conflict frame was dominant in the newspapers’ representations of the Palestinian casualties and that their voices were infrequently incorporated alongside those of officials and medics. Israeli actions were justified in relation to Palestinian casualties through the reliance on Israeli voices and pro-Israel sources, while Palestinian casualties were occasionally individualised. In other words, the Palestinian casualties were portrayed by both newspapers as regrettable yet nonetheless necessary for Israel’s existence and right of defence.
Media entrepreneurship: Preparing students for work in a creative profession
Authors: Fulton Janet
Published: July 2019

One of the key questions students and parents ask journalism and communication educators is, ‘where are the jobs?’. Additionally, every few years news outlets recycle stories on how journalism and communication schools are over-enrolling students in programmes with difficult job prospects. How can educators prepare students to work in a precarious media environment? And how can we embed that preparation in a practical understanding of creativity and creative practice? During 2014–16, I conducted a research project that examined how alternative media producers are telling their stories online. The project consisted of 28 semi-structured interviews with bloggers, broad/narrowcasters, website producers and online magazine publishers and set out to answer questions about the skills, business models, technologies and success of these entrepreneurial journalistic enterprises. Each of the respondents was also asked if they had any advice for students who wanted to work in the online space. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed six key themes: the importance of networking; developing a broad skill base; finding a niche; engaging with your audience; ‘success won’t happen overnight’ and ‘love what you do’. Employing theoretical models of creativity and cultural production from psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, who both contend that creativity and cultural production emerge from a creative system in action, discussion of these themes demonstrates how to prepare students for entering a changing and precarious journalism workforce.
[Recensão a] Plato and the Power of Images. By Pierre Destrée and Radcliffe G. Edmonds III (ed.). Leiden: Brill 2017. Pp. 243.
Authors: Schultz Jana
Published: July 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_19_5