bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐187: A Novel IPS Cell Structure Driving without Static Vcom
Authors: Jeong YoungMin , Lee SuWoong , Lee JuYoung , Kim JoonYoung , Moon HongMan , Lee JooHong , Jun MyungChul
Published: October 2010

There are various modes to drive liquid crystal in LCD IPS, VA, TN, FFS etc. They have something in common that is using Vcom on the whole panel to drive liquid crystal. So we control the Vcom to minimize Vrms deviation in switching frame. But it gives DC stress in liquid crystal continuously and occurs the reliability problem because of limitation of control the Vcom deviation on the whole panel. To solve this problem, we made “UPS” structure which drives liquid crystal using a gap of data signal without Vcom. So it is possible that no difference Vrms in each frame, in each position of panel. Therefore, we reduce flicker and DC stress in liquid crystal.

And, we have confirmed the better result from the 15″ IPS prototype panel driven by the UPS technology.
P‐60: The Performance Enhancement of the 2ωYAG Laser‐Crystallized Poly‐Si Using a Back‐Side Self‐Heating Layer of a‐Si
Authors: Li Juan , Ding Siwei , Yao Ying , Meng Zhiguo , Wu Chunya , Xiong Shaozhen , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: October 2010

Crystallization of a‐Si by doubled frequency YAG laser using a self‐heating layer technology was proposed in this paper. The grain size and the hall mobility of the resulted poly‐Si thin film were enhanced up to almost two times by using the self‐heating layer technology. This technology has a dual heating effect: heat‐retaining and self‐heating with an easier process and wider process window, compared to the conventional capping‐layer technology.
P‐63: Distinguished Poster: Solvent‐less Repair Inks for Color Filter Application
Authors: Tang Feng‐Chin , Chen Huang‐Ming Philip , Li Chi‐Hsin , Hsieh Wen‐Jen
Published: October 2010

Color filter (CF) is one of the key components for liquid crystal display (LCD). It is costly to make from repeated lithography processes. The defects may be generated during these complex manufacture processes. The recycling defect CF panels are environmental unfriendly and non cost‐effective process. As a result, CF repairing is not only an important cost‐effective technical process, but also a process contributing to the greener LCD process. In this study, a solvent‐less repaired ink system was reported. The balance of viscosity, ink fluidic, crosslinker, and color saturation enabled the defect repair. Furthermore, the energy has been conserved without high temperature curing process. Hence, the solvent‐free CF repair inks process offers a promising result for contributing to a greener world.
11.4: Transparent AMOLED Display Based on Bottom Emission Structure
Authors: Chung Jinkoo , Lee Joohyeon , Choi Junho , Park Chanyoung , Ha Jaekook , Chung Hokyoon , Kim Sang Soo
Published: October 2010

A transparent active matrix organic light emitting diode AMOLED display based on a bottom emission structure, which is best for largesized OLED displays, has been fabricated. The transparent AMOLED display shows an image only to its bottom side, and background images can be seen through the transmissive windows. Pixel layout of the conventional bottom emission structure has been redesigned to merge transmissive openings to a single window per each pixel for higher transmissivity. A prototype of the transparent AMOLED display demonstrated 27% transmissivity and 100% NTSC color gamut.
P‐79: HSP: A Hybrid Simulation Platform for Backlight Dimming in TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Cui Qingyu , He Pei , Guo Xiaojun , Lu Jiangang , Liang Guoen , Su Yikai , Cao Taixin , Lee Chi‐Tien
Published: October 2010

A general and comprehensive hybrid simulation platform(HSP) is developed for conveniently evaluating and optimizing the backlight design and driving schemes in TFT‐LCDs to achieve low power and excellent image quality. It incorporates a range of capabilities from the early backlight optical simulation to the performance evaluation and optimization at the system level for the design of almost all kinds of LCD backlight systems. The HSP is then used to optimize and evaluate a local dimming scheme based on edge‐type LED backlight technology for a 14.1′W TFT‐LCD panel, and the simulation and analysis results are presented.
P‐81: Two Zones Method of Furnace‐Growing Technology to Control Grain Size of In2O3 Film on Gallium Nitride LED
Authors: Lian Jan‐Tian , Tsao Kai‐Chieh , Su Chun‐Wei , Chiang Chin‐I , Li Tzung‐Yang , Liu Chun‐Shin , Lin Tai‐Yuan , Tsou Chien‐Lung
Published: October 2010

Surface‐Roughing Method is effective to enhance the efficiency of the light emission of LEDs. We have developed a novel Furnace‐Growing Technology of Surface‐Roughing Method to enhance external quantum efficiency and control the grain size of Indium oxide (In2O3) film on the top layer of GaN LEDs. The deposited Film of Indium oxide on GaN LEDs is crystallitic sharps and high uniformity of the thickness.
12.2: Novel Addressing Method for Color FilterLess Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Han , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang YiPai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: October 2010

A novel TFT addressing method for color filterless liquid crystal displays was proposed. The original model scanned row by row while this proposed model scanned n×n rows. Therefore, TFT scanning time was reduced. The extra time could be used to compensate for the insufficiency of the LC response speed or enhance image brightness. To simultaneously maintain image quality, this scanning model was applied to dimmer fields. with this proposed method, a novel color breakup suppression method, StencilFSC, has higher potential to be implemented on hardware.
P‐89: Influence of Sustaining Frequency on the Discharge of Shadow Mask PDP
Authors: Zhu Di , Tolner Harm , Yang Lanlan , Tu Yan , Li Qing , Fan Zhaowen , Wu Zhong , Kuang Yawei , Zhang Xiong , Wang Baoping
Published: October 2010

The influence of sustaining frequency on the discharge of Shadow Mask PDP (SM‐PDP) is been investigated by both experiments and two dimensional simulations. The ratio of VIS/IR and Efficacy/(VIS/IR) is used to illustrate the xenon excitation efficiency and electron heating efficiency respectively.

It can be seen from the simulations that the decrease of efficacy in high sustaining frequency is the result of long life xenon metastables relative to the repetition rate, cannot convert into xenon excimer efficiently and therefore a lower value of the overall discharge efficiency.
P‐92: Analysis of Wall Charge Distribution in an AC PDP with an Auxiliary Electrode Using a Two‐Dimensional Numerical Simulation
Authors: Kim Eun Sung , Bae Hyun Sook , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: October 2010

A two‐dimensional simulation code is developed in this study to verify the dynamics of a plasma discharge in an AC PDP with multiple electrodes. Simulation results showed that a pulse applied to the auxiliary electrode contributed to the generation of more excited species as well as increased luminous efficacy. Furthermore, the Xe excitation efficacy and wall charge distribution with and without an auxiliary electrode was simulated.
P‐94: Long Time‐Discharge Characteristics of MgO Layer with Nano‐Powder in AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Park Choon‐Sang , Tae Heung‐Sik , Lee Joon Ho
Published: October 2010

The characteristics of the MgO layer are known to be an important parameter that affects both the stable address discharge and luminance characteristics in an ac‐PDP. In this paper, to enhance the long time‐discharge characteristics of 42‐in. ac‐PDP with an ternary gas compositions such as He‐Xe(17%)‐Ne, the effects of the nano‐powder on the MgO layer on the long‐time discharge characteristics are examined. As a result, it is observed that the MgO layer with nano‐power can enhance the long time‐discharge characteristics in an ac‐PDP.
12.3: MultiLC/BL Algorithmic Technique in Field Color Sequential LCD for Color Breakup Suppression
Authors: Chu Chen‐Li , Hsieh Chun‐Yu , Chiu Da‐Liang , Chen Ke‐Horng
Published: October 2010

This paper proposes a gray level determination of liquid crystal and backlight LC/BL to suppress color breakup CBU infield color sequential technique of LCD. Classified determination and backlight type with associated controlling backlight improves dynamic image quality and reduces CBU effect. Besides, the proposed MultiLC/BL algorithm adaptively selects an adequate mode according to the image data. In other words, the scope of CBU suppression of MultiLC/BL algorithm is more extensive than other conventional field color sequential techniques.
P‐100: A Power‐saving, High Brightness and Uniformity Field Emission Planar Lamp
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Hsuang , Yu Yung‐Chih , Yang Tzung‐Han , Lo Jason , Mo Chi‐Neng , Jeng Jian‐Min , Shih Wen‐Ching , Chang Chih‐Chieh , Tsai Woo‐Hu
Published: October 2010

We successfully fabricated a power‐saving, high brightness and uniformity field emission planar lamp (FEL) by simply screen printing process. In order to maximize the output brightness and reach a good lighting uniformity, we create an innoviative emitter pattern and optimize the FEL assembly process. By the innoviative spiral emitter pattern and optimization assembly process, we fabricated the high brightness and uniform lighting FEL. The lighting area of FEL is 325×37 mm2. The FEL can be operated at DC voltage 6.56 KVwith 2 mA current and the brightness is greater than 28000 Cd/m2.
P‐107: Low Voltage Driving Color Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Lee Yong Eui , Woo Sungil , Cho Young Tae , Choi Man Seop , Choi Yong Gir , Park Seoung Chul , Kim Chul‐Hwan , Jeon Jae‐Hong , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Ryu Minki , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Jeon Jae‐Hong
Published: October 2010

We have prepared ZnO TFT driving color AMEPD using nano‐scale electrophoretic ink particles made by invented modified emulsion process. New concept of color filter using silver halide technology — similar with photographic technology‐which is suitable for reflective EPD application was adapted to develop color filters. To get rid of align process for color filters and TFT arrays, transparent ZnO TFT with low temperature process was fabricated. In case of monochrome EPD, the contrast ratio was 23:1 at operating voltage of ± 10V. Zone color prototype AMEPD was fabricated with silver halide color filter.
P‐110: The Control of Tribo‐Charge Stability of Polymer Particles using Silica Additives for Electronic Paper
Authors: Kwon Soon‐Hyung , Kim Won‐Keun , Han Chuel‐Jong , Han Jeong‐In
Published: October 2010

A simple coating method by SiO2 additive was proposed to enhance the tribo‐charge stability of polymer particle using jet mill method. Bare white particle without SiO2 additive showed the fluctuation of tribo‐charge amount with aging time. After coating, white particle showed the stable charge stability with aging time. White particle showed the wide variation of charge amount according to aging time in the range of 59 to 91 uC/g. But SiO2 embedded particle had a property to maintain the narrow variation of charge amount from 9 to 13 uC/g during particle collision. Coated white particles showed appropriate charge amount and retention properties regardless of collision of frequency.
P‐115: Non‐flat TFT‐LCD Technology for Mobile Applications
Authors: Yang Wei Chieh , Chien Wei Yi , Chen Maw Song , Huang Wei Ming
Published: October 2010

The non‐flat TFT‐LCD technology is demonstrated in this paper. This type of displays possesses good optical properties comparable to traditional TFT‐LCDs and hence is appropriate for mobile applications. The challenges of this highly mass‐producible technology will also be discussed thoroughly in this article.
P‐145: A Novel Reverse‐Type Twisted Nematic LCD Showing Bistability and High Contrast Ratio
Authors: Takahashi Ryohei , Saito Susumu , Takahashi Taiju , Toko Yasuo
Published: October 2010

A Reversed‐Twisted Nematic (R‐TN) mode shows two stable states of splayed twist state and reversed twist state. These two states are switchable by applying the electric field of perpendicular or horizontal direction. The contrast ratio of the bistable R‐TN‐LCD is drastically improved by the optimization of the R‐TN LC cell.
P‐124: Study of Stacked Alignment Layers on a Single Substrate with Spatial Liquid Crystal Pretilt Angles and its Applications
Authors: Tseng Man‐Chun , Lee Chung‐Yung , Li Yuet‐Wing , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we report recent developments in stacked alignment to generate spatially varying liquid crystal pretilt angles. This is a nanostructure alignment surface that can be produces any pretilt angle on a single substrate. The pretilt angle's profile can be controlled. An electrically tunable liquid crystal lens using such nanostructure alignment surface is demonstrated
P‐125: Wide‐viewing Twisted‐Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Using a Stamping‐assisted Rubbing Process
Authors: Na Jun‐Hee , Kim Yeun‐Tae , Hong Jong‐Ho , Koo Kyungmo , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: October 2010

We developed a wide‐viewing twisted‐nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (LCD) with two bidirectional alignment layers using a stamping‐assisted rubbing process. The bidirectionally rubbed alignment layer through a stamping and peel‐off process provides the multi‐domain alignment of the LC molecules. The patterned fluorinated acrylate polymer, used as a protective layer, was produced to cover the rubbed alignment layer during the second rubbing process for the bidirectional LC alignment. Our multi‐domain TN‐LCD shows wide‐viewing characteristics that are symmetric with respect to the rubbing directions.
P‐132: High Birefringence Dual‐frequency Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sun Jie , Xianyu Haiqing , Gauza Sebastian , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: October 2010

We have developed a new class of positive Δ∍ and high Δn isothiocyanato phenyl‐tolane compounds for making dual frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) mixtures. A DFLC mixture based on these compounds exhibits Δn∼0.39 at λ=633 nm. Potential application for fast‐response 2D/3D switchable display is emphasized.
P‐135: A Low Power and Video Driving Scheme for Roll‐to‐Roll Cholesteric LCD
Authors: Yeh Po‐Chun , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Chen Heng‐Yin , Sun Cheng‐Wei , Su Ju‐Yuen
Published: October 2010

In order to make Roll‐to‐Roll Cholesteric LCD more power saving and attractive, this paper proposes a low power and video driving scheme by applying the partial and cumulative updating waveforms. The performance of this new scheme is experimentally evaluated, and satisfactory results of local video rich gray‐level content could be obtained with much lower power.
P‐151: Black Panel OLED Cluster with Constant Luminance, Lifetime Enhancement and Burn‐in Compensation
Authors: Hudak Andreas , Jung Matthias , Hohenschläger Kerstin , Blankenbach Karlheinz , Jentsch Michael , Kaster Gerhard
Published: October 2010

Our new black panel technique for OLED displays and signs significantly improves the sunlight appearance. Additionally with our new method a better transmission of the light being coupled out of the OLED is reached. This better transmission leads to lower power consumption as well as to an enhanced lifetime of the OLED. Furthermore the lifetime of our system is increased by a constant luminance drive. This operating mode also compensates burn‐in effects that can occur if multiple OLEDs are driven for different times.
P‐153: Color‐Saturated LEDs Based on Colloidal Quantum‐Dot by Improving Charge Injection and Transport Layers
Authors: Kwak Jeonghun , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Changhee , Char Kookheon , Lee Seonghoon
Published: October 2010

We report light‐emitting diodes incorporating colloidal quantum dots as the emitters, which showed saturated red, green and blue colors mostly originating from quantum‐dots (over 99%). They also showed external quantum efficiency of 1.5 % and brightness over 10,000 cd/m2, which were achieved by improving charge injection and transport layers.
P‐169: White Broadband Top‐emitting Organic Light‐emitting Diodes with a Novel Reflective and Conductive Bilayer Anode
Authors: Peng Yi‐Hao , Su Shang‐Yu , Chen Chin H. , Ho Meng‐Huan
Published: October 2010

We demonstrate efficient white top‐emitting organic light emitting devices (WTOLEDs) with Al/ITO bilayer anode with which the sputtered‐ITO thin layer is found to improve hole injection into the organic hole‐transport layer. In addition, by capping with a transparent organic layer of NPB (n ∼ 1.6) on the semitransparent cathode to suppress the undesirable microcavity effect, a broadband white emission can be achieved. The WTOLEDs with two adjacent fluorescent blue/yellow emissive layers can achieve an EL efficiency of 13.7 cd/A at high luminance of 3,000 cd/m2 and a low driving voltage of 5.9 V with Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (x = 0.30, y =0.39).
P‐199L: Late‐News Poster: High‐Efficiency Low Color Temperature White OLEDs with Solution‐Processed Emissive Layer
Authors: Jou Jwo‐Huei , Hwang Pei‐Yu , Wang Wei‐Ben , Lin Cheng‐Wei
Published: October 2010

A high‐efficiency white organic light emitting diode with a power‐ efficiency of 34.9 lm/W (EQE =22.8 %) at 100 cd/m2, and 24.5 lm/W (EQE =18.8 %) at 1,000 cd/m2 will be presented. The high efficiency may be attributed to the use of electroluminescence efficient materials and effective host‐to‐ guest energy transfer.
P‐175: A Study of Image Distortion and Brightness‐Uniformity Compensation in a Laser Projection System Using a 2‐D MEMS Scanner
Authors: Seo JungHoon , Kim Yongki , Choi JungHwan , Kwon Jaewook
Published: October 2010

This experiment created a laser projection system that used a 2‐D MEMS scanner as the driving method for the display device. The 2‐D MEMS scanner that can scan images horizontally and vertically was applied to drive using the bi‐directional scanning method. However, the laser beam velocity varies due to the mechanics of the scanning mirror, so it causes an image distortion and brightness uniformity issue. So, we suggest an image distortion and brightness compensation method based on the simulation of the mechanical scanner movement and optical system. We can also adjust each RGB color pixel alignment separately and reduce power consumption through the brightness uniformity compensation.
P‐176: HYPOLED ‐ High‐Performance OLED Microdisplays for Mobile Multimedia HMD and Projection Applications
Authors: Scholles Michael , Vogel Uwe , Underwood Ian , Notni Gunther , Zilstorff Christian , Meerholz Klaus , Haas Gunther
Published: October 2010

The HYPOLED project, partly funded by the European Commission, started in 2008. Its goal is to develop OLED Microdisplays for Mobile Multimedia HMD and Projection Applications. This contribution describes the objectives and present specifications for devices, the personal display and micro‐ projection unit as well as intermediate results.
P‐185: Title of Tactile Feedback Solutions Using Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Blankenship Tim , Ali Yassir
Published: October 2010

Implementing tactile (haptic) feedback in consumer electronic devices enhances the user experience. It provides a sense of touch in a user interface design and is the newest major interface on smart phones and other portable consumer‐electronic devices. Several technologies are available now, including but not limited to vibration motor actuation, piezoelectric actuation, and electro‐ active polymer actuation. Piezoelectric based actuation offers benefits of fast response time, thin profile, and low power, all of which are important in handheld applications.
16.4: The Optics of an Autostereoscopic Multiview Display
Authors: Willman Eero , Baghsiahi H. , Fernaández F. A. , Selviah D. R. , Day S. E. , Kishore V. C. , Erden E. , Urey H. , Surman P. A.
Published: October 2010

An autostereoscopic headtracked back projection display that uses an RGB laser illumination source and a fast light engine is described. Images are horizontally scanned columns controlled by a spatial light modulator that directs two or more images in the directions of the apposite viewers' eyes.
25.1: Invited Paper: White‐emitting Molecule: ‘Molecular Pixel’ from Covalently Bonded Sub‐pixels
Authors: Park Soo Young , Park Sanghyuk , Kim Se Hun
Published: October 2010

In this presentation, we demonstrate the synthesis and properties of two‐color emitting ‘molecular pixel’. Our molecule is composed of covalently linked blue‐ and orange‐light‐emitting moieties between which energy transfer is entirely frustrated, leading to the production of reproducible and stable white photo‐/electroluminescence.
28.2: Reduction of Temporal Image Sticking Phenomenon by Using a High‐Purity Single‐Crystal MgO in Plasma Display
Authors: Kim Soon‐Bae , Lim Sung‐Hyun , Lee Joo‐Hee , Lee Hye‐Jung , Yoo Sung‐Hune , Kim Min‐Jae , Lee Jung‐Hun , Nagano Shinochiro , Cho Tae‐Seung , Kim Suk‐Ki , Park Yung‐Jun
Published: October 2010

We investigated the electrical and optical characteristics of the panel with MgO films prepared by ion plating with different source materials of poly‐crystal and high‐purity single‐crystal pellets and reported remarkable improvement in temporal image sticking and luminous efficiency by using a high‐purity single‐ crystal MgO.
29.3: RGBW 4‐in‐1 LEDs for Backlight System for Ultra‐Low Power Consumption Field‐Sequential‐Color LCDs
Authors: Tsai Chi‐Chu , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: October 2010

The power consumption of field‐sequential‐color (FSC) LCDs is much lower than conventional LCDs. To further reduce the power consumption of FSC‐LCDs, high power efficiency white‐LED was added to RGB‐LED as a RGBW 4‐in‐1 LEDs. The gray part of image was generated by using a white‐LED instead of mixing of red, green, and blue LED. The remaining color part in the image was generated by using RGB‐LED. Base on the efficiency of white‐LED, power consumption of FSC‐LCDs could be further reduced while still maintaining good image fidelity.
30.1: Fast Switching Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens for Autostereoscopic 2D/3D Display
Authors: Chen Chih‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Ching , Huang Yi‐Pai , Huang Jih‐Fon
Published: October 2010

The fast switching Multi‐electrode Driven Fresnel Liquid Crystal Lens (MeD‐Fresnel LC lens) for 2D/3D switchable autostereoscopic display was proposed. The MeD‐Fresnel LC lens not only performed fast switching rate (∼0.8s) without overdriving method, but also had the benefit of low operating voltage (∼3.2volts). Both of them were much better than conventional LC lens. Furthermore, it performed a well focusing ability which was similar to conventional LC lens.
5.3: Control of Emission Zone in Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs by Material Design
Authors: Polikarpov Evgueni , Swensen James S. , Cosimbescu Lelia , Koech Phillip K. , von Ruden Amber , Padmaperuma Asanga B. , Gaspar Daniel J.
Published: October 2010

We report blue organic lightemitting devices based on a series of phosphine oxide host materials that show significantly different charge transport properties. The nature of the host materials controls the position of the emission zone. The choice of electron transport layer material was shown to affect the emission zone width.
33.2: Large Size full‐color eReader Displays Based on Electrowetting
Authors: Feenstra Johan , Schram Ivar , Evans Mick , Vermeulen Paul , Cometti Chiara , Van Weert Mark , Ferket Martin , Massard Romaric , Mans Jurrien , Sakai Toru
Published: October 2010

In this paper we present full‐color reflective electrowetting displays with diagonals larger than 6“. We discuss the manufacturing process of these displays and demonstrate its scalability to large area substrates and therefore still larger displays. In addition, we discuss the compatibility of the process with existing LCD manufacturing facilities.
34.1: Realization of True Black Quality in In‐plane Switching Mode for LCD TV Applications
Authors: Kim Kyeong‐Jin , Lee Tae‐Rim , Son Hyeon‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Baek Ji‐Ho , Kim Jin‐Ho , Jun Mike
Published: October 2010

In‐Plane Switching (IPS) mode, one of the widely used LC modes in the LCD‐TV applications, has merits in the electro‐optic characteristics such as viewing angle and moving picture quality. However, it has also been pointed out to have low contrast ratio and not good enough in the black image quality. In this paper, we elucidate what the main factors of the low contrast ratio of IPS mode are and how to improve this black issue. Firstly, we have studied the range of black luminance perceivable by human eyes, and defined the required black luminance under the various ambient light conditions. In addition, we have developed the specific IPS technologies in order to meet the required black reference in all viewing angle directions.
35.2: Invited Paper: A Consideration of Excitation and De‐excitation Process of MgO Protective Layer
Authors: Kajiyama Hiroshi , Awaji Noriyuki , Suesada Kazuma , Tolner Harm
Published: October 2010

Dynamic response of MgO protective layer to VUV irradiation and discharge is investigated by using cathode luminescence (CL) spectroscopy, thermolimunescence (TL) spectroscopy and exo‐ electron analysis. The dynamics of excitation and de‐excitation processes of electron and hole traps are discussed.
6.1: A Size Efficient 10b DAC with Multipath Current Interpolation and Weighted Tranconductors for the AMLCD Displays
Authors: Park Gyu‐Sung , Lee Sung‐Woo , Kim Ki‐Duk , Park Chang‐Byung , Ryu Seung‐Tak , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: October 2010

A 10b DAC with multicurrent path control and the weighted transconductors reduces the data driver size by 30%, compared with the previous art. Coarse and fine interpolation provides two additional bits in the proposed technique. The DAC is fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process and consumes 1.1 μA of static current per a channel. INL, DNL and minimum DVO are 0.8LSB, 0.37LSB and 6.5mV, respectively, in 20KΩ and 30pF of the load condition.
39.2: Efficient Single‐Layer Small Molecule Blue OLEDs Based on a Multifunctional Bipolar Transport Material
Authors: Ho Meng‐Huan , Liu Meng‐Yu , Lin Kuan‐Heng , Chen Chin H. , Tang Ching W.
Published: October 2010

An efficient blue organic light emitting diode with a simplified single‐layer structure by employing the multi‐functional 2‐methyl‐ 9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) has been developed. By taking advantage of its large bandgap and bipolarity, we demonstrate that MADN can be used as a common material for hole‐transport, host of emitting, electron‐transport layers, and a host for p‐type and n‐type dopants in the same device. The single‐ layer blue OLED achieved an electroluminescence efficiency of 8.5 cd/A with corresponding CIEx,y of (0.16, 0.25) at 20 mA/cm2 and an external quantum efficiency of 4.9%.
41.4: Discontinuous Alignment Thin‐Film Formation by Self‐Organized Dewetting
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yung , Tseng Man‐Chun , Li Yuet‐Wing , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: October 2010

A new discontinuous alignment layer is developed. The formation of such discontinuous structure is created by self‐organized dewetting. Different dewetting mechanisms have been investigated. Such a discontinuous alignment layer can be fabricated on top of a continuous alignment layer. This heterogeneous surface for liquid crystal alignment can be used to produce arbitrary pretilt angles for the liquid crystal cell. Experiments using photo‐aligned polymer have been done to verify the dewetting theory. The alignment layers thus produced are proved to be robust. Moreover, the dewetting step is a fully controllable process and is compatible with existing manufacturing techniques.
3.2: A New Approach to Dynamic Polarization 3D LCD
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Tan , Lin Shih‐Chieh , Chiu Chun‐Chieh
Published: October 2010

This paper proposed two methods of 3D display with polarized glasses and provided a high resolution and less crosstalk 3D experience in 15.6” LCD. The new approaches use the black data insertion and alternate gray level to let the left and right eye receives image individually. In this paper also made the comparison of the novel methods with prior technologies dual layer 3D and active retarder 3D displays. As a result, the proposed methods really served a high quality 3D experience.
45.6: Invited Paper: Photo Sensing Circuits Using Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon TFTs and Photo Diode for Smart Functional Displays
Authors: Kwon Oh‐Kyong , Lim Han‐Sin
Published: October 2010

Photo sensing circuits using low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin film transistors (TFTs) and thin film photo diode such as p‐intrinsic‐n (p‐i‐n) diode and p‐intrinsic‐metal (p‐ i‐m) diode have been studied for several smart functions such as optical touch screen, ambient light sensor, and image scanner. In this paper, aforementioned photo sensing circuits for smart functional displays are reviewed. Also, the driving method for compensation of the temperature characteristic of photo diode is presented.
46.3: OLED Manufacturing System Equipped by Planar Evaporation Source
Authors: Fujimoto Eishi , Daiku Hiroyuki , Kamikawa Kenji , Fujimoto Emiko , Matsumoto Yuji
Published: October 2010

OLED manufacturing equipment utilizes Planar Evaporation Source for the organic layer static deposition process has been developed. In order to improve the OLED deposition productivity by reducing the substrate handling time, Multiple Planar Source to deposit all the organic layers in one process chamber by the valve switching of the organic vapor is proposed.
48.1: Advanced Liquid‐Crystal Materials for the Polymer‐Sustained Vertically Aligned (PS‐VA) Mode
Authors: Goetz Achim , Taugerbeck Andreas , Bernatz Georg , Tarumi Kazuaki
Published: October 2010

The Polymer Sustained Vertically Aligned Mode (PS‐VA) is an advanced future technology based on the Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Mode. This innovative technology enables LCDs with higher transmission allowing for the use of less backlighting power for eco or green technology. The underlying key techniques are specified LC mixture development and reactive mesogen optimization. We will report the most recent material development.
48.3: Distinguished Paper: A Novel Hole Induced Vertical Alignment LC Mode with Superior Transmittance
Authors: Jang Y. K. , Lee S. J. , Lee J. Y. , Li Y. , Hwang J. H. , Kim S. W. , Shim C. W. , Seo J. Y. , Kim N. J. , Ahn Y. J. , Kim N. H. , Ahn S. H. , Lee S. Y. , Park D. H. , Kim C. W.
Published: October 2010

A novel pixel design for vertical alignment LCD with superior transmittance is developed in this work. The new liquid crystal mode, named as Hole Induced Vertical Alignment mode (Hi‐VA), uses a via hole of an organic layer on TFT substrate to achieve multi domain alignment. Compare to conventional design, the Hi‐VA mode has up to the transmittance of 135% with the contrast ratio of 2000:1. Moreover, the new structure is free from the ITO patterning or protrusion on color filter side, which makes the fabrication process simple and low cost.
49.3: Discharge Characteristics of PDPs with the Ternary Oxides Protective Layers Manufactured by Using All‐In‐Vacuum Process
Authors: Yano Takanobu , Uchida Kazuya , Uchida Giichiro , Shinoda Tsutae , Kajiyama Hiroshi
Published: October 2010

The discharge characteristics of PDPs with the protective layers of MgO based ternary oxides are investigated. The panels with a gas mixture of Ne‐Xe20% are manufactured by “all‐in‐vacuum” process, in which the front panels are processed without an exposure to ambient air after the deposition of protective layer. Compared with PDPs with conventional MgO protective layer, a discharge voltage is lowered by 40V and a discharge time lag is shortened within 1 μs.
50.4: Method to Measure Perceptual Resolution of Moving Picture Display
Authors: Chong Jong‐Ho , Kim Sang‐Ho , Choi Dong‐Wook , Bae Jae‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Bae , Kim Sang‐Soo
Published: October 2010

A significant discrepancy has been found between the blurred edge time (BET) method to measure motion blur and moving image quality as perceived by the human visual system. MPPR, moving picture perceptual resolution, is proposed as a measurement method that more closely correlates to human perception of moving image quality. MPPR considers the contrast sensitivity function of human vision, resulting in an index that provides a more objective evaluation. The measurement system and algorithm are described.
52.1: Invited Paper: Highly Efficient White Top‐Emission PIN OLEDs for Display and Lighting
Authors: Birnstock Jan , Canzler Tobias W. , Hofmann Michael , Huang Qiang , Romainczyk Tilmann
Published: October 2010

Here we report high efficiency white top‐emission (TE) OLEDs for display and lighting applications. Featuring sputtered ITO top contact, thin film encapsulation (TFE) and out‐coupling layers on top, high performance white TE OLEDs are demonstrated with power and external quantum efficiencies of 25 lm/W and 25%, respectively. Similar high efficiencies are also presented for top‐emission devices built on bendable metal substrates with a thickness of only 0.2 mm. Both types of devices have broad spectra with 1931 CIE color coordinates of 0.38/0.37 on glass and 0.43/0.40 on the metal substrate. The color rendering index (CRI) reaches a value of 80. In another white top‐emission OLEDs approach, semitransparent metal top contacts are combined with a scattering cap layer to achieve a high power efficiency of up to 20 lm/W. Those devices exhibit extremely stable color coordinates over a wide range of viewing angles, which is attributed to the scattering behavior of the cap layer material.
7.2: Wide Temperature Range Blue Phase Liquid Crystals for Display Applications
Authors: Xiang Jie , Lu Shin‐Ying , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: October 2010

We report wide temperature range blue phase liquid crystals for display applications. Systematical analysis of the relationship of dielectric anisotropy value Δε and the blue phase liquid crystal BPLC temperature range shows that the BP temperature range increases as the Δε decrease. Additionally, we also find that as the chiral concentration of the blue phase increases, the BP temperature range decreases. The studied BPLCs also exhibit fast response time of 400 μs using IPS cells with a fixed cell gap and electrode line and space of 10 μm. These results can be explained based on the defect theory and would give effective guidance during the application of BPLC. Detailed physical, optical, dielectric and electrooptical study will be presented.
54.1: Invited Paper: A Novel Approach to Make Flexible Active Matrix Displays
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Chung , Chang Yu‐Yang , Cheng Hua‐Chi , Ho Jia‐Chong , Chen Janglin
Published: October 2010

A flexible thin film transistor (TFT) backplane was successfully developed with Polyimide (PI) substrate and a novel de‐bonding technology. The PI is colorless and transparent which can sustain a process temperature of 200°C. with this progress, flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) and electrophoretic display (EPD) can readily be integrated with flexible TFT backplane to fabricate flexible AMOLED and flexible AMEPD.
56.4: Novel Approach to Camouflaging Seams in Tiled‐Display Applications
Authors: Zsivanov Delia , Wood Richard
Published: October 2010

Objectionable seams created by the physical spacing between tiled displays are successfully camouflaged by modifying light emission characteristics in a region adjacent to the seams or by generating patterns coinciding with the seam's width. The composite image generated by the displays is perceived as seamless from a defined distance.
58.3: Recent Progress in Interference‐filter‐based Stereoscopic 3D LCD
Authors: Simon Arnold , Prager Marc Georg , Schwarz Sergej , Fritz Markus , Jorke Helmut
Published: October 2010

A novel stereo 3D LCD for passive interference filter glasses is presented. A demonstrator based on a standard 120Hz LCD was set up. Stereoscopic image separation was realized in a time‐ sequential mode using a LED‐based scanning backlight with two complementary spectra. A stereo brightness of 10 cd/m2 and a channel separation of 30:1 were achieved.
59.3: Phosphor Modeling for Phosphor‐converted LEDs
Authors: Hung Chien‐Hsiang , Tien Chung‐Hao
Published: October 2010

This paper presented a precise methodology to completely characterize the optical properties of the phosphor layer in phosphor‐converted LEDs. As long as the coated phosphor layer is available for measurement, the Monte Carlo simulation assisted by the proposed spectrum‐related bidirectional distribution function can predict the pcLED properties with high accuracy. The proposed scheme verified by a general pcLED with conformai phosphor coating provides an effective way for phosphor characterization.
61.4: High‐Performance and Highly Rollable a‐IGZO TFTs Adopting Composite Electrodes and Transparent Polyimide Substrates
Authors: Chien Chih‐Wei , Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Wu Cheng‐Han , Tsai Yu‐Tang , Kung Yen‐Cheng , Hsu Po‐Ching , Lin Chang‐Yu , Wu Chung‐Chih , Yeh Yung‐Hui , Leu Chyi‐Ming , Lee Tzong‐Ming
Published: October 2010

We have demonstrated high‐performance and highly rollable flexible oxide TFTs on fully transparent/colorless polyimide substrates by adopting lithographic and etching processes and composite electrodes. The TFTs exhibited a field‐effect mobility of up to 15.9 cm2/Vs, a sub‐threshold swing of 0.43 V/decade, and an on/off ratio of > 108. The devices could be bent down to a radius of 3 mm and yet remained normally functional.
63.3: Back‐exposure Manufacturing Route for MEMS Reflective Display
Authors: Park Hyun‐Chul , Oh Jin‐Ho , Choi Hak‐Nyun , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: October 2010

In this study, we attempted a new manufacturing route for an interferometric modulator type MEMS display. Instead of conventional pattern forming process, we developed back‐exposure procedure combined with lift‐off process to reduce the number of masks and alignment steps used. The pixel structure manufactured revealed that this new procedure is capable of producing the device with high accuracy and quality.
65.3: Distinguished Paper: High Efficiency Optical System for Ultra‐Short Throw Distance Projector Based on Multi‐laser Light Source
Authors: Okuda Michihiro , Matsumoto Shinya , Maeda Makoto , Arai Kazuhiro , Tsuji Kiyoko , Ando Takahisa , Abe Takaaki , Inoue Masutaka , Amano Ryuhei , Ikeda Takashi , Kanayama Hideyuki
Published: October 2010

We have developed a high‐efficiency optical system that uses multiple lasers as a light source. This optical system enables us to produce a novel laser projector with a high brightness and an ultra‐short throw distance. By utilizing the advantages of a laser, we have achieved a brightness of 7,000 lm and a throw ratio of 0.28 with an image size of 100–150 inches.
3.3: Efficient PolarizationBased Stereoscopic Projector with Extended Color Gamut: Combining Two Projectors into One
Authors: Bogaert Lawrence , Meuret Youri , Vanderheijden Jana , Thienpont Hugo , de Smet Herbert
Published: October 2010

A prototype stereoscopic projection system is built to combine the functionality of two projectors with polarizers at the output of their projection lens into one optical engine. The system is adapted to enable wide color gamut visualization with up to six primary colors using light emitting diodes.
Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of p-nitrophenol by Fe (III) supported on resin
Authors: Liou Rey-May , Chen Shih-Hsiung , Huang Cheng-Hsien , Lai Cheng-Lee , Shih C. Y. , Chang Jing-Song , Hung Mu-Ya
Published: October 2010

FeIII supported on resin (FeIII-resin) as an effective catalyst for peroxide oxidation was prepared and applied for the degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP). Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) experiments with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant were performed in a batch rector with p-nitrophenol as the model pollutant. Under given conditions (PNP concentration 500 mg/L, H2O2 0.1 M, 80°C, resin dosage 0.6% g/mL), p-nitrophenol was almost completely removed, corresponding to an 84% of COD removal. It was found that the reaction temperature, oxidant concentration. and initial pH of solution significantly affected both p-nitrophenol conversion and COD removal by oxidation. It can be inferred from the experiments that FeIII supported on resin was an effective catalyst in the mineralization of p-nitrophenol. In an acidic environment of oxidation, the leaching test showed that there was only a slight leaching effect on the activity of catalytic oxidation. It was also confirmed by the aging test of catalysts in the oxidation.
Influence of cyanide on the anaerobic degradation of glucose
Authors: Pirc E. Tratar , Levstek Meta , Bukovec Peter
Published: October 2010

Bacteria in the anaerobic degradation process convert the substrate to the final products methane and carbon dioxide. Toxic substances can change the process substantially. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of toxic cyanide on biogas production in anaerobic degradation of glucose at 40°C. The OxiTop respirometric system offers a quick and simple method for measurement of the biogas formed. Concentrations of cyanide (CN−) added to 640 mg COD/L of glucose varied from 0.325 up to 31.000 mg/L. The inhibition of anaerobic degradation of glucose was evaluated from the lag phase, the coefficient of anaerobic degradation (Dh), the volume and composition of the biogas and degradation of COD in the liquid phase. If the concentration of cyanide was above 2.600 mg/L inhibition of the anaerobic process was substantial.
Reuse and recycling of secondary effluents in refineries employing advanced multi-barrier systems
Authors: Lahnsteiner J. , Mittal R.
Published: October 2010

In this paper the reclamation and reuse of municipal secondary effluents, as well as the reclamation and recycling of refinery secondary effluents, are technically and economically evaluated. It is shown that both practices are feasible and sustainable, and that the reclamation costs depend largely on specific circumstances such as legal requirements, price policy, reuse application, raw water composition, etc. The reclaimed water is reused, or respectively recycled, as boiler make-up. Therefore both reclamation plants employ advanced multi-barrier systems including ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis. The employed processes have shown excellent performance with regard to the removal of critical parameters such as silica. For example, this parameter was reduced from 13 mg/l in the raw water to 7 μg/l in the boiler make-up.
Photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the model aquatic microcosm: effect of light intensity and dissolved biodegradable organic compound
Authors: Nola Moïse , Matchim Armelle G. Simo , Mobili Olga Blanche , Nougang Mireille , Krier François , Chihib Nour-Eddine , Hornez Jean-Pierre , Njiné Thomas
Published: October 2010

The impact of light (1,000 × 100,000 lx) on the inactivation of S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus has been assessed under different concentrations of dissolved biodegradable organic compound (BOC) at pH 7.0. First, a gradual decrease in the number of cultivable cells was observed. Secondly, a cell reactivation was observed and it was marked in the absence of BOC. In the absence of BOC, the lowest value of cell inhibition rate (CIR) during the first 3 h was 0.138 h−1 for S. aureus and 0.218 h−1 for V. parahaemolyticus. In the presence of 10,100 and 1,000 mg/l of BOC, it was 0.196 h−1, 0.243 h−1 and 0.257 h−1 for S. aureus respectively, and 0.285 h−1, 0.306 h−1 and 0.409 h−1 for V. parahaemolyticus respectively. The CIRs values of each bacterial species significantly varied (P<0.001) with the changes in BOC concentration. In most cases, no significant difference was noted in the CIRs of both species when they were under the same light intensity and BOC. Nevertheless, it seems important to consider the impact of dissolved BOC during the treatment of bacterial polluted water.
What Now? Cremation without Tradition
Authors: Roberts Pamela
Published: October 2010

Although cremation is an increasingly popular method of body disposal, there is little research on ash disposition, particularly the decisions and negotiations underlying the process. Americans who have recently encountered the cremation of loved ones for the first time have not been studied at all; the present research describes 87 of their cremation experiences. Adults who were actively involved in cremation and ash disposition decisions were interviewed about these processes at every stage, from the decision to cremate through the performance of final rituals for their dead. Results detail family and friends' active negotiations over cremation and ash disposition, the surprises they encountered, and the personally meaningful rituals they created for their loved ones. As in other emerging postdeath rituals, the enactment of individualized rituals for the dead was seen as a positive experience; accordingly, most participants preferred to be cremated and honored through nontraditional rituals themselves.
Equity, Heterogeneity and International Environmental Agreements
Authors: Kolstad Charles D
Published: October 2010

Much of the literature on international environmental agreements (IEA) considers the case of identical countries. There is a much smaller literature concerning the more complex but more realistic case of country heterogeneity. This paper involves modifying the standard static homogeneous country model of international environmental agreements. In particular, we consider two types of countries, differing in size as well as in marginal damage from pollution. Although the IEA does not have a unique size in this case, we do introduce two equilibrium refinements and explore the implications for coalition size. The two refinements include one based on efficiency and one based on equity.
A New Species of the Genus Leistus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebriini) from Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabak I. , Putchkov A.
Published: October 2010

A New Species of the Genus Leistus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebriini) from Kazakhstan

Leistus (Pogonophorus) tatianae Kabak et Putchkov, sp. n. is described from the right bank of the Bayankol River (South-Eastern Kazakhstan). Its differences from the closely related species L. mitjaevi Kabak, 2008 and L. tschitscherini Semenov, 1906 are discussed.
Cingulum bundle white matter in MAG-knockout mice
Authors: Segal Devorah , Carpenter David , Höistad Malin , Haroutunian Vahram , Tang Cheuk , Hof Patrick
Published: October 2010

Myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) is an oligodendrocyte-derived gene whose expression is decreased in schizophrenia. Several measures of white matter integrity appear abnormal in schizophrenia, specifically in the anterior cingulate gyrus. We studied mice lacking MAG as a potential model of dysmyelination. Using the stereological “Space Balls” method, we estimated myelinated fiber length density in the cingulum bundle in adult knockout and control mice. We performed diffusion anisotropy imaging in these animals, measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) in a region of the cingulum bundle. We found no differences in cingulum myelinated fiber length density between the two groups, although we did note an age-related decrease regardless of genotype. No differences were noted in FA either, but an age-related decrease was seen as well. These findings imply that MAG dysfunction alone is not sufficient to cause the white matter alterations seen in schizophrenia.