bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jump-Landing Biomechanics and Knee-Laxity Change Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bell David R. , Blackburn J. Troy , Hackney Anthony C. , Marshall Stephen W. , Beutler Anthony I. , Padua Darin A.
Published: February 2014

Context:

Of the individuals able to return to sport participation after an anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury, up to 25% will experience a second ACL injury. This population may be more sensitive to hormonal fluctuations, which may explain this high rate of second injury.

Objective:

To examine changes in 3-dimensional hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during a jump landing and to examine knee laxity across the menstrual cycle in women with histories of unilateral noncontact ACL injury.

Design

 Controlled laboratory study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 20 women (age = 19.6 ± 1.3 years, height = 168.6 ± 5.3 cm, mass = 66.2 ± 9.1 kg) with unilateral, noncontact ACL injuries.

Intervention(s)

Participants completed a jump-landing task and knee-laxity assessment 3 to 5 days after the onset of menses and within 3 days of a positive ovulation test.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Kinematics in the uninjured limb at initial contact with the ground during a jump landing, peak kinematics and kinetics during the loading phase of landing, anterior knee laxity via the KT-1000, peak vertical ground reaction force, and blood hormone concentrations (estradiol-β-17, progesterone, free testosterone).

Results:

At ovulation, estradiol-β-17 (t = −2.9, P = .009), progesterone (t = −3.4, P = .003), and anterior knee laxity (t = −2.3, P = .03) increased, and participants presented with greater knee-valgus moment (Z = −2.6, P = .01) and femoral internal rotation (t = −2.1, P = .047). However, during the menses test session, participants landed harder (greater peak vertical ground reaction force; t = 2.2, P = .04), with the tibia internally rotated at initial contact (t = 2.8, P = .01) and greater hip internal-rotation moment (Z = −2.4, P = .02). No other changes were observed across the menstrual cycle.

Conclusions

Knee and hip mechanics in both phases of the menstrual cycle represented a greater potential risk of ACL loading. Observed changes in landing mechanics may explain why the risk of second ACL injury is elevated in this population.
Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex After Lateral Ligamentous Injury, Part I: A Laboratory Comparison Using Arthrometric Measurement
Authors: Kovaleski John E. , Heitman Robert J. , Gurchiek Larry R. , Hollis J. M. , Liu Wei , IV Albert W. Pearsall
Published: February 2014

Context:

The mechanical property of stiffness may be important to investigating how lateral ankle ligament injury affects the behavior of the viscoelastic properties of the ankle complex. A better understanding of injury effects on tissue elastic characteristics in relation to joint laxity could be obtained from cadaveric study.

Objective:

To biomechanically determine the laxity and stiffness characteristics of the cadaver ankle complex before and after simulated injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) during anterior drawer and inversion loading.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Seven fresh-frozen cadaver ankle specimens.

Intervention(s):

All ankles underwent loading before and after simulated lateral ankle injury using an ankle arthrometer.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The dependent variables were anterior displacement, anterior end-range stiffness, inversion rotation, and inversion end-range stiffness.

Results:

Isolated ATFL and combined ATFL and CFL sectioning resulted in increased anterior displacement but not end-range stiffness when compared with the intact ankle. With inversion loading, combined ATFL and CFL sectioning resulted in increased range of motion and decreased end-range stiffness when compared with the intact and ATFL-sectioned ankles.

Conclusions:

The absence of change in anterior end-range stiffness between the intact and ligament-deficient ankles indicated bony and other soft tissues functioned to maintain stiffness after pathologic joint displacement, whereas inversion loading of the CFL-deficient ankle after pathologic joint displacement indicated the ankle complex was less stiff when supported only by the secondary joint structures.
Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex in Female Athletes With Histories of Lateral Ankle Sprain, Part II: Clinical Experience Using Arthrometric Measurement
Authors: Kovaleski John E. , Heitman Robert J. , Gurchiek Larry R. , Hollis J. M. , Liu Wei , IV Albert W. Pearsall
Published: February 2014

Context:

This is part II of a 2-part series discussing stability characteristics of the ankle complex. In part I, we used a cadaver model to examine the effects of sectioning the lateral ankle ligaments on anterior and inversion motion and stiffness of the ankle complex. In part II, we wanted to build on and apply these findings to the clinical assessment of ankle-complex motion and stiffness in a group of athletes with a history of unilateral ankle sprain.

Objective:

To examine ankle-complex motion and stiffness in a group of athletes with reported history of lateral ankle sprain.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty-five female college athletes (age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 170.2 ± 7.4 cm, mass = 67.3 ± 10.0 kg) with histories of unilateral ankle sprain.

Intervention(s):

All ankles underwent loading with an ankle arthrometer. Ankles were tested bilaterally.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The dependent variables were anterior displacement, anterior end-range stiffness, inversion rotation, and inversion end-range stiffness.

Results:

Anterior displacement of the ankle complex did not differ between the uninjured and sprained ankles (P = .37), whereas ankle-complex rotation was greater for the sprained ankles (P = .03). The sprained ankles had less anterior and inversion end-range stiffness than the uninjured ankles (P < .01).

Conclusions:

Changes in ankle-complex laxity and end-range stiffness were detected in ankles with histories of sprain. These results indicate the presence of altered mechanical characteristics in the soft tissues of the sprained ankles.
Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Athletes With Ankle Instability After a 6-Week Integrated Training Program
Authors: Huang Pi-Yin , Chen Wen-Ling , Lin Cheng-Feng , Lee Heng-Ju
Published: February 2014

Context:

Plyometric exercise has been recommended to prevent lower limb injury, but its feasibility in and effects on those with functional ankle instability (FAI) are unclear.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of integrated plyometric and balance training in participants with FAI during a single-legged drop landing and single-legged standing position.

Design:

Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:

University motion-analysis laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Thirty athletes with FAI were divided into 3 groups: plyometric group (8 men, 2 women, age = 23.20 ± 2.82 years; 10 unstable ankles), plyometric-balance (integrated)–training group (8 men, 2 women, age = 23.80 ± 4.13 years; 10 unstable ankles), and control group (7 men, 3 women, age = 23.50 ± 3.00 years; 10 unstable ankles).

Intervention(s):

A 6-week plyometric-training program versus a 6-week integrated-training program.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Postural sway during single-legged standing with eyes open and closed was measured before and after training. Kinematic data were recorded during medial and lateral single-legged drop landings after a 5-second single-legged stance.

Results:

Reduced postural sway in the medial-lateral direction and reduced sway area occurred in the plyometric- and integrated-training groups. Generally, the plyometric training and integrated training increased the maximum angles at the hip and knee in the sagittal plane, reduced the maximum angles at the hip and ankle in the frontal and transverse planes in the lateral drop landing, and reduced the time to stabilization for knee flexion in the medial drop landing.

Conclusions:

After 6 weeks of plyometric training or integrated training, individuals with FAI used a softer landing strategy during drop landings and decreased their postural sway during the single-legged stance. Plyometric training improved static and dynamic postural control and should be incorporated into rehabilitation programs for those with FAI.
Proton Pump Inhibitors versus Solitary Lifestyle Modification in Management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Evaluating who is at Risk: Scenario in a Developing Country
Authors: Chappity Preetam , Kumar Rakesh , Deka Ramesh C. , Chokkalingam Venkatakarthikeyan , Saraya Anoop , Sikka Kapil
Published: February 2014

Background

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease can present with a varied symptomatology because of the involvement of multiple sub-sites of the upper aero-digestive tract. It is a very common disease to be encountered in routine practice by both medical and ENT personnel. Its association with multiple pathologies including malignancy warrants an early diagnosis and management. The lack of cost effective and non-invasive tests constitutes a major hurdle in its early management.

Objectives

1. To define the “at risk” population, prone to developing laryngopharyngeal reflux. 2. To formulate major and minor risk factors for the clinical diagnosis of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. 3. To evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle management alone as a treatment option. 4. To formulate a treatment protocol for the management of patients and to prevent recurrence.

Study Design

We performed a prospective analysis of 234 patients diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Patients were randomized into study and control groups based on the treatment protocol, using a computer generated randomization table and were single blinded to the type of therapy received. A complete analysis of the possible risk factors, symptoms, and signs was performed with statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusion

The data has helped us define the “at risk” population and formulate the criteria to diagnose cases of laryngopharyngeal reflux, clinically. The results emphasize the non-requirement of invasive or costly investigations for all patients and indicate the probable protocol to be followed prior to considering further investigation. The role of long term proton pump inhibitor treatment along with lifestyle modification in the initial phase of treatment, as mentioned in the literature, was re-confirmed by our study. However, in addition to the initial treatment, the study establishes the need for continuing lifestyle modification further for at least six months after the cessation of proton pump inhibitor therapy to prevent early recurrence of symptoms.
General Solutions for a Class of Inverse Quadratic Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Tan Xiaoqin , Wang Li
Published: February 2014

Based on various matrix decompositions, we compare different techniques for solving the inverse quadratic eigenvalue problem, where n × n real symmetric matrices M, C and K are constructed so that the quadratic pencil Q(λ) = λ2M + λC + K yields good approximations for the given k eigenpairs. We discuss the case where M is positive definite for 1 ≤ k ≤ n, and a general solution to this problem for n + 1 ≤ k ≤ 2n. The efficiency of our methods is illustrated by some numerical experiments.
Vector Competence of Culex neavei and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Senegal for Lineages 1, 2, Koutango and a Putative New Lineage of West Nile Virus
Authors: Fall Gamou , Diallo Mawlouth , Loucoubar Cheikh , Faye Ousmane , Sall Amadou Alpha
Published: February 2014

West Nile virus (WN virus) is one of the most widespread arbovirus and exhibits a great genetic diversity with 8 lineages, at least 4 (1, 2, Koutango, and putative new) are present in Africa. In West Africa, Culex neavei and Culex quinquefasciatus are considered as potential vectors for WN virus transmission in sylvatic or urban context. We analyzed the vector competence of these Culex species from Senegal for African lineages and envelope proteins sequences of viral strains used. We showed that lineage 1 is transmitted by both Culex mosquitoes, whereas the putative new lineage 8 is transmitted only by Cx. neavei. Our findings suggest that genetic variability can affect vector competence and depend on mosquito. However, when considering the infective life rate, the mosquito population seems to be inefficient for WN virus transmission in the field and could explain the low impact of WN virus in Africa.
Using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) to Measure Client Participation Outcomes
Authors: Abu-Awad Yasar , Unsworth Carolyn A , Coulson Melissa , Sarigiannis Mary
Published: February 2014

Introduction:

Measuring change in clients' ‘participation’, and being able to attribute this change to occupational therapy intervention, is important in the quest to provide evidence to support practice. The Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy is an outcome measure that has four domains, one of which is concerned with measuring client participation. An occupational therapy service wanted to determine if client level of participation was improving, as measured by the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy.

Method:

Data were collected between 2009 and 2012 from three home-based therapy services, using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy. Data were divided into diagnostic cohorts, and then exploratory data analysis techniques and paired t-tests were performed.

Findings:

Data from 506 participants were analysed and clients in all diagnostic groups made statistically (p < .05) significant improvements over time in relation to their participation.

Conclusion:

Most clients in this study improved or maintained their level of participation between admission and discharge, with few clients deteriorating, when measured on the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy scales. These results suggest the home-based therapy service was meeting its goal, and further supports the responsiveness of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy to detect change in clients' participation status over time. Randomized control trials are needed to determine whether improvements in participation are due to engaging in the occupational therapy program.
Comparing Communal Environments Using the Assessment Tool for Occupation and Social Engagement: Using Interactive Occupation and Social Engagement as Outcome Measures
Authors: Morgan-Brown Mark , Chard Gill
Published: February 2014

Introduction:

Interactive occupation and social engagement are important components of quality of life for residents with dementia in nursing homes. Communal living spaces should be evaluated on these qualities. Two Irish nursing homes were compared pre and post conversion from a traditional to a household model unit using the Assessment Tool for Occupation and Social Engagement. This assessment uses interactive occupation and social engagement as positive outcome measures.

Method:

Residents, staff, and relatives were observed pre and post renovation over a 6-week period using a snapshot observational method over 4 hours on 7 different weekdays.

Findings:

Changing from a traditional to a household model nursing home increased the interactive occupation and social engagement of residents, staff, and visitors within the communal living areas. The role of a homemaker in the household unit was critical for maintaining residents' participation and engagement, including engaging in familiar everyday domestic tasks.

Conclusion:

Interactive occupation and social engagement were significantly increased in the household model unit over the traditional model unit, particularly for residents. In the household model unit, more residents initiated and maintained their own interactions within the communal environment and did not require prompting from staff to do this.
‘I Think I can’: Measuring Confidence in Goal Pursuit
Authors: Poulsen Anne A , Ziviani Jenny , Kotaniemi Katja , Law Mary
Published: February 2014

Client-centred occupational therapy approaches aim to increase client motivation and confidence in working towards self-identified occupational performance goals. In this opinion piece we explore whether measurement of confidence in goal pursuit could complement existing tools, such as the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (Law et al 1998), in documenting clinical outcomes. Cognitive theories of motivation and behaviour change support links between confidence in problem solving around self-identified goals, effort, and motivation to persist and engage in therapy. We propose that evaluating goal-related confidence is an important but neglected area of practice. Providing feedback about confidence in relation to goal pursuit may increase the likelihood of occupational performance goals being attained.
Outcome Measures for Wheelchair and Seating Provision: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Kenny Siobhan , Gowran Rosemary Joan
Published: February 2014

Introduction:

Every aspect of the wheelchair and seating provision process has an impact on overall outcomes for service users. This critical appraisal sought to identify outcome measures suitable for evaluation of wheelchair and seating provision, considering activity, participation, and impact of the service delivery on quality of life.

Method:

Outcome measures were identified using databases: Medline, CINHAL, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. An evaluation was conducted to establish those that were particularly useful and a critical appraisal was completed.

Findings:

Five outcome measures identified as relevant for critical appraisal included: Wheelchair Outcome Measure; Functioning Every day in a Wheelchair; Goal Attainment Scale; Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scales; and the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology. The strengths and limitations of each were identified.

Conclusion:

No single outcome measure captures all necessary information; trade-offs are inevitable. When choosing an outcome measure, the specific goals of the service evaluation and the resources available need to be considered within context. Critical appraisal of five outcome measures deemed appropriate for the evaluation highlighted some areas for consideration to inform decision making. A move towards sustainability indicators is suggested to monitor, measure, and respond to the provision processes and outcomes required to meet this primary need.
Een katholiek die de Bijbel las - Nederlandse vertalers en recensenten over de religieuze dimensie van Silvio Pellico’s Le mie prigioni en Dei doveri (1833-1906)
Authors: Dagnino Roberto
Published: February 2014

Silvio Pellico’s prison memoirs, Le mie prigioni (1832), and his moral lessons for the youth, Dei doveri degli uomini (1834), are mainly remembered for their implicit political influence as an inspiration for the Italian Risorgimento and for the intimate description of the most difficult years in Pellico’s life. However, the religious dimension of both books and the description of the rediscovery of the Catholic faith were considered more important by Pellico himself. This article puts this religious aspect centre stage. It analyses the reception of the Dutch translations of these works within the cultural and religious debates that took place in the confessionally divided Netherlands of the nineteenth-century. A national-liberal interpretation can be identified alongside more Orthodox-Protestant and Catholic ones, each emphasising aspects in Pellico’s work that could fit their specific cultural agendas. This polemic confirms that nineteenth-century literary debates in the Netherlands were more influenced by ideology than aesthetics. The debate around Le mie prigioni and Dei doveri faded away around 1840 without a clear conclusion in favour of a specific interpretation. Two new translations of Le mie prigioni followed in 1896 and 1906 but they did not provoke much discussion, not even in Catholic periodicals, although they were the work of Catholic translators. After 1906, Pellico – and certainly his religious message – mostly disappeared from the cultural horizon of the general public. By then, he had already been included in a Dutch Catholic canon.
Reuze bedankt, het was echt top! - Een vergelijkend onderzoek naar ‘loskoppeling’ van samenstellingscomponenten
Authors: van Goethem Kristel
Published: February 2014

By means of a comparative corpus study, this paper investigates the rise of new adjectives and adverbs from nominal compound members through a process of ‘debonding’. This is ‘a composite change whereby a bound morpheme in a specific linguistic context becomes a free morpheme’ (Norde 2009, p. 186). It can be illustrated by the adjectival and adverbial uses of the Dutch compound member reuze (een reuzenstap; reuzeleuk; het was reuze; het is reuze meegevallen). It will be argued that debonding is subject to a series of language-specific factors, in particular the degree of compound cohesion and the complexity of adjective inflection. These factors predict that debonding will be more common in French and English than in German and Dutch. However, debonding still occurs in the latter. This can be accounted for by an interaction of multiple processes. Finally, a specific case study of the Dutch word top will indicate how and which different processes interact in the rise of its adjectival uses.
Waarom gingen Johan Huizinga en André Jolles in 1933 uit elkaar? - Twee scenario’s
Authors: Thys Walter
Published: February 2014

This paper addresses the question why two eminent representatives of the history of civilization, Johan Huizinga (1872-1945) and André Jolles (1874-1946), in 1933 broke off an inspiring friendship that had lasted for more than thirty-five years. Some historians assume that in 1933 Huizinga rejected Jolles as a friend because of the latter’s membership of the NSDAP. I argue, however, that this was not the reason and that – inadvertently – a third person caused their separation.
Column aerosol optical properties and aerosol radiative forcing during a serious haze-fog month over North China Plain in 2013 based on ground-based sunphotometer measurements
Authors: Che H. , Xia X. , Zhu J. , Li Z. , Dubovik O. , Holben B. , Goloub P. , Chen H. , Estelles V. , Cuevas-Agulló E. , Blarel L. , Wang H. , Zhao H. , Zhang X. , Wang Y. , Sun J. , Tao R. , Zhang X. , Shi G.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. In January 2013, North China Plain experienced several serious haze events. Cimel sunphotometer measurements at seven sites over rural, suburban and urban regions of North China Plain from 1 to 30 January 2013 were used to further our understanding of spatial-temporal variation of aerosol optical parameters and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF). It was found that Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm (AOD500 nm) during non-pollution periods at all stations was lower than 0.30 and increased significantly to greater than 1.00 as pollution events developed. The Angstrom exponent (Alpha) was larger than 0.80 for all stations most of the time. AOD500 nm averages increased from north to south during both polluted and non-polluted periods on the three urban sites in Beijing. The fine mode AOD during pollution periods is about a factor of 2.5 times larger than that during the non-pollution period at urban sites but a factor of 5.0 at suburban and rural sites. The fine mode fraction of AOD675 nm was higher than 80% for all sites during January 2013. The absorption AOD675 nm at rural sites was only about 0.01 during pollution periods, while ~0.03–0.07 and 0.01–0.03 during pollution and non-pollution periods at other sites, respectively. Single scattering albedo varied between 0.87 and 0.95 during January 2013 over North China Plain. The size distribution showed an obvious tri-peak pattern during the most serious period. The fine mode effective radius in the pollution period was about 0.01–0.08 μm larger than during non-pollution periods, while the coarse mode radius in pollution periods was about 0.06–0.38 μm less than that during non-pollution periods. The total, fine and coarse mode particle volumes varied by about 0.06–0.34 μm3, 0.03–0.23 μm3, and 0.03–0.10 μm3, respectively, throughout January 2013. During the most intense period (1–16 January), ARF at the surface exceeded −50 W m−2, −180 W m−2, and −200 W m−2 at rural, suburban, and urban sites, respectively. The ARF readings at the top of the atmosphere were approximately −30 W m−2 in rural and −40–60 W m−2 in urban areas. Positive ARF at the top of the atmosphere at the Huimin suburban site was found to be different from others as a result of the high surface albedo due to snow cover.
CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements from tall towers in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network: instrumentation, uncertainty analysis, and recommendations for future high-accuracy greenhouse gas monitoring efforts
Authors: Andrews A. E. , Kofler J. D. , Trudeau M. E. , Williams J. C. , Neff D. H. , Masarie K. A. , Chao D. Y. , Kitzis D. R. , Novelli P. C. , Zhao C. L. , Dlugokencky E. J. , Lang P. M. , Crotwell M. J. , Fischer M. L. , Parker M. J. , Lee J. T. , Baumann D. D. , Desai A. R. , Stanier C. O. , De Wekker S. F. J. , Wolfe D. E. , Munger J. W. , Tans P. P.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. A reliable and precise in situ CO2 and CO analysis system has been developed and deployed at eight sites in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's (ESRL) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network. The network uses very tall (> 300 m) television and radio transmitter towers that provide a convenient platform for mid-boundary-layer trace-gas sampling. Each analyzer has three sample inlets for profile sampling, and a complete vertical profile is obtained every 15 min. The instrument suite at one site has been augmented with a cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring CO2 and CH4. The long-term stability of the systems in the field is typically better than 0.1 ppm for CO2, 6 ppb for CO, and 0.5 ppb for CH4, as determined from repeated standard gas measurements. The instrumentation is fully automated and includes sensors for measuring a variety of status parameters, such as temperatures, pressures, and flow rates, that are inputs for automated alerts and quality control algorithms. Detailed and time-dependent uncertainty estimates have been constructed for all of the gases, and the uncertainty framework could be readily adapted to other species or analysis systems. The design emphasizes use of off-the-shelf parts and modularity to facilitate network operations and ease of maintenance. The systems report high-quality data with > 93% uptime. Recurrent problems and limitations of the current system are discussed along with general recommendations for high-accuracy trace-gas monitoring. The network is a key component of the North American Carbon Program and a useful model for future research-grade operational greenhouse gas monitoring efforts.
Rolls of the internal gravity waves in the Earth's atmosphere
Authors: Onishchenko O. , Pokhotelov O. , Horton W. , Smolyakov A. , Kaladze T. , Fedun V.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The effect of the wind shear on the roll structures of nonlinear internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the Earth's atmosphere with the finite vertical temperature gradients is investigated. A closed system of equations is derived for the nonlinear dynamics of the IGWs in the presence of temperature gradients and sheared wind. The solution in the form of rolls has been obtained. The new condition for the existence of such structures was found by taking into account the roll spatial scale, the horizontal speed and wind shear parameters. We have shown that the roll structures can exist in a dynamically unstable atmosphere.
Influence of temperature and CO2 on the strontium and magnesium composition of coccolithophore calcite
Authors: Müller M. N. , Lebrato M. , Riebesell U. , Barcelos e Ramos J. , Schulz K. G. , Blanco-Ameijeiras S. , Sett S. , Eisenhauer A. , Stoll H. M.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Marine calcareous sediments provide a fundamental basis for palaeoceanographic studies aiming to reconstruct past oceanic conditions and understand key biogeochemical element cycles. Calcifying unicellular phytoplankton (coccolithophores) are a major contributor to both carbon and calcium cycling by photosynthesis and the production of calcite (coccoliths) in the euphotic zone, and the subsequent long-term deposition and burial into marine sediments. Here we present data from controlled laboratory experiments on four coccolithophore species and elucidate the relation between the divalent cation (Sr, Mg and Ca) partitioning in coccoliths and cellular physiology (growth, calcification and photosynthesis). Coccolithophores were cultured under different seawater temperature and carbonate chemistry conditions. The partition coefficient of strontium (DSr) was positively correlated with both carbon dioxide (pCO2) and temperature but displayed no coherent relation to particulate organic and inorganic carbon production rates. Furthermore, DSr correlated positively with cellular growth rates when driven by temperature but no correlation was present when changes in growth rates were pCO2-induced. Our results demonstrate the complex interaction between environmental forcing and physiological control on the strontium partitioning in coccolithophore calcite and challenge interpretations of the coccolith Sr / Ca ratio from high-pCO2 environments (e.g. Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum). The partition coefficient of magnesium (DMg) displayed species-specific differences and elevated values under nutrient limitation. No conclusive correlation between coccolith DMg and temperature was observed but pCO2 induced a rising trend in coccolith DMg. Interestingly, the best correlation was found between coccolith DMg and chlorophyll a production, suggesting that chlorophyll a and calcite associated Mg originate from the same intracellular pool. These and previous findings indicate that Mg is transported into the cell and to the site of calcification via different pathways than Ca and Sr. Consequently, the coccolith Mg / Ca ratio should be decoupled from the seawater Mg / Ca ratio. This study gives an extended insight into the driving factors influencing the coccolith Mg / Ca ratio and should be considered for future palaeoproxy calibrations.
Using hydro-climatic and edaphic similarity to enhance soil moisture prediction
Authors: Coopersmith E. J. , Minsker B. S. , Sivapalan M.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Estimating soil moisture typically involves calibrating models to sparse networks of in~situ sensors, which introduces considerable error in locations where sensors are not available. We address this issue by calibrating parameters of a parsimonious soil moisture model, which requires only antecedent precipitation information, at gauged locations and then extrapolating these values to ungauged locations via a hydro-climatic classification system. Fifteen sites within the soil climate analysis network (SCAN) containing multi-year time series data for precipitation and soil moisture are used to calibrate the model. By calibrating at one of these fifteen sites and validating at another, we observe that the best results are obtained where calibration and validation occur within the same hydro-climatic class. Additionally, soil texture data are tested for their importance in improving predictions between calibration and validation sites. Results have the largest errors when calibration/validation pairs differ hydro-climatically and edaphically, improve when one of these two characteristics are aligned, and are strongest when the calibration and validation sites are hydro-climatically and edaphically similar. These findings indicate considerable promise for improving soil moisture estimation in ungauged locations by considering these similarities.
The value of integrating information from multiple hazards for flood risk analysis and management
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez J. T. , Escuder-Bueno I. , Altarejos-García L. , Serrano-Lombillo A.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. This article presents a methodology for estimating flood risk in urban areas integrating pluvial flooding, river flooding and failure of both small and large dams. The first part includes a review of basic concepts on flood risk analysis, evaluation and management. Flood risk analyses may be developed at local, regional and national level, however a general methodology to perform a quantitative flood risk analysis including different flood hazards is still required. The second part describes the proposed methodology, which presents an integrated approach – combining pluvial, river flooding and flooding from dam failure, as applied to a case study: an urban area located downstream of a dam under construction. The methodology enhances the approach developed within the SUFRI project ("Sustainable Strategies of Urban Flood Risk Management to cope with the residual risk", 2009–2011). This article also shows how outcomes from flood risk analysis provide better and more complete information to inform authorities, local entities and the stakeholders involved in decision-making with regard to flood risk management.
Halocline water modification and along-slope advection at the Laptev Sea continental margin
Authors: Bauch D. , Torres-Valdes S. , Polyakov I. , Novikhin A. , Dmitrenko I. , McKay J. , Mix A.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. A general pattern in water mass distribution and potential shelf–basin exchange is revealed at the Laptev Sea continental slope based on hydrochemical and stable oxygen isotope data from the summers 2005–2009. Despite considerable interannual variations, a frontal system can be inferred between shelf, continental slope and central Eurasian Basin waters in the upper 100 m of the water column along the continental slope. Net sea-ice melt is consistently found at the continental slope. However, the sea-ice meltwater signal is independent from the local retreat of the ice cover and appears to be advected from upwind locations. In addition to the along-slope frontal system at the continental shelf break, a strong gradient is identified on the Laptev Sea shelf between 122° E and 126° E with an eastward increase of riverine and sea-ice related brine water contents. These waters cross the shelf break at ~ 140° E and feed the low-salinity halocline water (LSHW, salinity S < 33) in the upper 50 m of the water column. High silicate concentrations in Laptev Sea bottom waters may lead to speculation about a link to the local silicate maximum found within the salinity range of ~ 33 to 34.5, typical for the Lower Halocline Water (LHW) at the continental slope. However brine signatures and nutrient ratios from the central Laptev Sea differ from those observed at the continental slope. Thus a significant contribution of Laptev Sea bottom waters to the LHW at the continental slope can be excluded. The silicate maximum within the LHW at the continental slope may be formed locally or at the outer Laptev Sea shelf. Similar to the advection of the sea-ice melt signal along the Laptev Sea continental slope, the nutrient signal at 50–70 m water depth within the LHW might also be fed by advection parallel to the slope. Thus, our analyses suggest that advective processes from upstream locations play a significant role in the halocline formation in the northern Laptev Sea.
Climatic and topographic influences on glacier distribution in the Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Nagai H. , Fujita K. , Sakai A. , Nuimura T. , Tadono T.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The locations and extent of mountain glaciers are affected by climatic constraints such as air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, as well as by local topography, which influences avalanche accumulation and debris supply. To evaluate these influences on the elevational distribution of glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya, we created a glacier inventory together with debris-covered area and potential material-supply (PMS) slopes using satellite images with high spatial resolution. The median elevation of a glacier, which is used as a proxy of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA), decreases with increasing annual precipitation, suggesting the influence of climatic factors, according to which the ELA is lowered in relatively warm and humid environments, and raised when the opposite conditions prevail. We found a weak but significant influence of topography on the elevational distribution of glaciers, indicated by the relationship between the deviation of the median elevation of an individual glacier from the regional average and the PMS slope ratio (defined as the ratio of the PMS slope area to glacier area). We further analysed the dependency of the median glacier elevation on the gradient and aspect of PMS slopes. We found that the median elevation is affected by the avalanche-driven redistribution of snow accumulation on debris-free glaciers, and that in debris-covered glaciers the debris supply affects glacier extent through the insulation effect of the debris layer.
Modeled Arctic sea ice evolution through 2300 in CMIP5 extended RCPs
Authors: Hezel P. J. , Fichefet T. , Massonnet F.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Almost all global climate models and Earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) show strong declines in Arctic sea ice extent and volume under the highest forcing scenario of the Radiative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) through 2100, including a transition from perennial to seasonal ice cover. Extended RCP simulations through 2300 were completed for a~subset of models, and here we examine the time evolution of Arctic sea ice in these simulations. In RCP2.6, the summer Arctic sea ice extent increases compared to its minimum following the peak radiative forcing in 2044 in all 9 models. RCP4.5 demonstrates continued summer Arctic sea ice decline due to continued warming on longer time scales. These two scenarios imply that summer sea ice extent could begin to recover if and when radiative forcing from greenhouse gas concentrations were to decrease. In RCP8.5 the Arctic Ocean reaches annually ice-free conditions in 7 of 9 models. The ensemble of simulations completed under the extended RCPs provide insight into the global temperature increase at which sea ice disappears in the Arctic and reversibility of declines in seasonal sea ice extent.
Cerebral Revolt:
Authors: Papanikolas Theresa
Published: February 2014

World War I was a time of acute crisis for the French anarchist movement. At its outset, a number of prominent anarchists turned their backs on the movement's revolutionary politics and advocated for the defense of France against foreign invasion. Once the war was over, the rapid growth of the Partie Communiste Française installed Marxism Leninism as the dominant political discourse on the Left. In this article I examine one response to these developments: the small-run periodicals issued during and immediately following the war, where anarchist-individualist notions of “cerebral revolt”—that is, revolutionary actions founded not on insurrection, but on active and nonviolent efforts to undermine authoritarianism through individual and subversive intellectual pursuits—found particularly fertile ground.
Black Noise: Design Lessons from Roasted Green Chiles, Udon Noodles, and Pound Cake
Authors: Banu Lisa S.
Published: February 2014

A recent issue of the journal Design and Culture included Lucy Kimbell's interview of object-oriented ontology philosopher Graham Harman. The invitation was premised on Harman's ability to counter the contemporary focus on user-centered design with an object orientation. Harman's appearance in the world of design discourse presents a paradox. To ask what object-oriented ontology that explicitly rejects anthropocentrism can offer user-centered and decidedly anthropocentric design practice seems to miss the point of an object orientation. An answer to the paradox may reside in Ian Bogost's account of the metaphorism of object-oriented ontology. This essay explores Bogost's Alien Phenomenology, or What It's like to Be a Thing, which uses Harman's metaphor of black noise as “the background noise of peripheral objects,” and considers the design implications of Bogost's call to amplify black noise and linger in the speculative fiction of things, such as roasted green chile peppers, udon noodles, and pound cake.
Jonas and James: The Ethics and Metaphysics of Post-Holocaust Pragmatism
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: February 2014

This essay offers a critical comparison of William James's pragmatism with Hans Jonas's ethics and philosophy of religion. Nine important similarities between James and Jonas are identified, ranging from pragmatic naturalism to the doctrine of a finite God, which Jonas defends as a necessary revision of our understanding of the divinity based on the experiences of the Holocaust. The deep connection between morality and mortality is also addressed. The main differences between Jonas and James are found in their accounts of the relation between ethics and metaphysics.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis uncovered during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a patient with chronic choledocholithiasis
Authors: Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Gerada Jurgen , Attard Jason , Pocock James
Published: February 2014

Untreated biliary cholestasis such as in the case of choledocholithiasis with biliary obstruction can lead to inflammatory strictures, recurrent cholangitis, the formation of more stones and eventually secondary biliary cirrhosis. This can lead to a shortened life expectancy. We report a case of a 61 year old male from Somalia, who presented with recurrent painless jaundice. He had had similar presentations in another country but lacked documentation to show the treatment ensued. Liver function tests (LFTs) at our institution showed evidence of cholestasis. Repeated initial radiological studies failed to show any biliary dilatation and/or obstruction but did reveal evidence of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. A liver biopsy at this stage showed bile plugs consistent with a cholestatic picture, as well as evidence of secondary biliary cirrhosis. A magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) confirmed the presence of biliary dilatation secondary to choledocholithiasis. He underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which showed common bile duct stones and an associated biliary stricture, as well as features suggestive of secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) of the intrahepatic ducts. Dilatation and stenting of the stricture were performed, while complete stone clearance was achieved at the second ERCP. LFTs decreased gradually thereafter. Biliary drainage in a patient with cholestasis from a mechanical cause should be the mainstay of treatment. Every effort should be made to prevent the development of chronic cholestasis due to the risk of developing SSC and biliary cirrhosis. Our patient had unfortunately developed chronic choledocholithiasis, with radiological and histological evidence of liver cirrhosis at the time of presentation at our institution.
Ansiedades de frontera en dos novelas policiales españolas sobre la inmigración
Authors: Rivera Hernández Raúl Diego
Published: February 2014

En este ensayo sostengo que la narrativa policial española que se acerca al tema de la inmigración refleja una ansiedad de frontera como una estrategia de preservación de la identidad nacional. La ansiedad de frontera es una actitud de rechazo a la presencia del inmigrante económico y se manifiesta con la marginación del mismo de los escenarios y espacios de socialización tradicionales. La ansiedad de frontera aparece con la cercanía y la proximidad del otro cultural, y reaviva una serie de miedos y temores históricos camuflados en estereotipos, reacciones xenofóbicas, incomprensión, intolerancia y violencia racial.
'Episodios de una guerra interminable' de Almudena Grandes: ¿novelas de la memoria histórica?
Authors: Becerra Mayor David
Published: February 2014

Resumen: Este artículo propone un análisis de la presencia de la Guerra Civil española en la narrativa de Almudena Grandes, concretamente en El corazón helado (2007) y en las dos entregas que hasta el momento se han publicado de los Episodios de una guerra interminable, titulados Inés y la alegría (2010) y El lector de Julio Verne (2012). Mediante un enfoque crítico, se plantea en estas páginas una pregunta clave: ¿son estas novelas, en sentido estricto, novelas de la memoria histórica, o, por el contrario, estos textos no provocan sino un debilitamiento de la historicidad? El modo en que en estas novelas la Historia se interpreta desde el espacio privado, se lleva a cabo una reconstrucción neohumanista de la Historia donde las contradicciones radicales son desplazadas por contradicciones asumibles por el sistema, o se reduce el conflicto histórico, político y social a un mero enfrentamiento fratricida, entre otros elementos que están presentes en las obras analizadas, ofrecen algunas pistas acerca la ideología que late en el discurso literario de Almudena Grandes. Este artículo trata de analizar y definir el modo en que la ideología dominante se reproduce en estas novelas sobre la Guerra Civil española. Palabras Clave: Narrativa, Guerra Civil española, Almudena Grandes, Historia, enfrentamiento fratricida. Abstract: This article proposes an analysis of the presence of Spanish Civil War in Almudena Grandes’ narrative, particularly in The frozen heart (2007) and in the two installments of the Episodes of an unending war, entitled Inés and Mirth (2010) and The Reader of Jules Verne (2012). Using a critical approach a key question is raised: are these novels, strictly speaking, historical memory novels or they cause a weakening of historicity? History is reconstructed from the private space or from a neohumanist point of view where the radicals inconsistencies are displaced by inconsistencies assumable by the system, or the historical, political and social conflict is reduced to a fratricidal conflict, between other elements that are present in the analysed works. This article attempts to review and define the way in which the ruling ideology is produced in these novels about the Spanish Civil War. Key Words: Narrative, Spanish Civil War, Almudena Grandes, History, fratricidal conflict.