bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscopic simulations of supersonic and subsonic exothermic chemical wave fronts and transition to detonation
Authors: Lemarchand A. , Nowakowski B. , Dumazer G. , Antoine C.
Published: January 2011

We perform microscopic simulations using the direct simulation Monte Carlo approach to an exothermic chemical wave front of Fisher–Kolmogorov, Petrovsky, Piskunov-type in a one-dimensional gaseous medium. The results confirm the existence of a transition from a weak detonation or deflagration to a Chapman–Jouguet detonation wave, that we already investigated at the macroscopic scale [G. Dumazer et al., Phys. Rev. E 78, 016309 (2008)]. In the domain of weak detonation or deflagration, the discrepancy between the propagation speeds deduced from the simulations and the macroscopic balance equations of hydrodynamics is explained by two microscopic effects, the discretization of the variables, known as cutoff effect, and the departure from local equilibrium. Remarkably, the propagation speed of a Chapman–Jouguet detonation wave is not sensitive to these perturbations of microscopic origin.
I2 molecular elimination in single-photon dissociation of CH2I2 at 248 nm by using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Shun-Yi , Tsai Po-Yu , Lin Hsiang-Chin , Wu Chia-Ching , Lin King-Chuen , Sun B. J. , Chang A. H. H.
Published: January 2011

Following single-photon dissociation of CH2I2 at 248 nm, I2 molecular elimination is detected by using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. The technique comprises two laser beams propagating in a perpendicular configuration, in which a tunable laser beam along the axis of the ring-down cell probes the I2 fragment in the B ${}^3\Pi _{ou}^ +$3Πou+ – X ${}^1\Sigma _g^ +$1Σg+ transition. The nascent vibrational populations for v = 0, 1, and 2 levels are obtained with a population ratio of 1:(0.65 ± 0.10):(0.30 ± 0.05), corresponding to a Boltzmann-like vibrational temperature of 544 ± 73 K. The quantum yield of the ground state I2 elimination reaction is determined to be 0.0040 ± 0.0025. With the aid of ab initio potential energy calculations, the pathway of molecular elimination is proposed on the energetic ground state CH2I2 via internal conversion, followed by asynchronous three-center dissociation. A positive temperature effect supports the proposed mechanism.
Strongly correlated mechanisms of a photoexcited radical reaction from the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation
Authors: Foley Jonathan J. , Rothman Adam E. , Mazziotti David A.
Published: January 2011

Photoexcited radical reactions are critical to processes in both nature and materials, and yet they can be challenging for electronic structure methods due to the presence of strong electron correlation. Reduced-density-matrix (RDM) methods, based on solving the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation (ACSE) for the two-electron RDM (2-RDM), are examined for studying the strongly correlated mechanisms of these reactions with application to the electrocyclic interconversion of allyl and cyclopropyl radicals. We combine recent extensions of the ACSE to excited states [G. Gidofalvi and D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. A 80, 022507 (2009)] and arbitrary spin states [A. E. Rothman, J. J. Foley IV, and D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. A 80, 052508 (2009)]. The ACSE predicts that the ground-state ring closure of the allyl radical has a high 52.5 kcal/mol activation energy that is consistent with experimental data, while the closure of an excited allyl radical can occur by disrotatory and conrotatory pathways whose transition states are essentially barrierless. Comparisons are made with multireference second- and third-order perturbation theories and multireference configuration interaction. While predicted energy differences do not vary greatly between methods, the ACSE appears to improve these differences when they involve a strongly and a weakly correlated radical by capturing a greater share of single-reference correlation that increases the stability of the weakly correlated radicals. For example, the ACSE predicts a −39.6 kcal/mol conversion of the excited allyl radical to the ground-state cyclopropyl radical in comparison to the −32.6 to −37.3 kcal/mol conversions predicted by multireference methods. In addition, the ACSE reduces the computational scaling with the number of strongly correlated orbitals from exponential (traditional multireference methods) to quadratic. Computed ground- and excited-state 2-RDMs are nearly N-representable.
Effects of copper filler sizes on the dielectric properties and the energy harvesting capability of nonpercolated polyurethane composites
Authors: Putson C. , Lebrun L. , Guyomar D. , Muensit N. , Cottinet P.-J. , Seveyrat L. , Guiffard B.
Published: January 2011

Nonpercolated composites based on polyurethane (PU) filled with low concentrations copper (Cu) powders of varying sizes were studied as electrostrictive materials for mechanical energy harvesting. The dispersion of the fillers within the polymeric matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and results showed a relatively homogeneous dispersion for the microsized fillers and the existence of agglomerates for their nanosized counterparts. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements displayed that there occurred no interaction between the polymeric matrix and the microsized fillers whereas the nanosized fillers slightly enhanced the glass transition of the soft segments of PU and significantly affected the recrystallization temperature. The dependence of the dielectric properties of the composites as a function of the filler volume fraction and filler size was investigated over a broad range of frequencies, showing an increase in the permittivity when fillers were used. This increase was more pronounced for the composites containing nanosized fillers. The measurement of the harvested current and of the harvested power also demonstrated an enhancement of the energy harvesting capability when nanofillers were employed. From the experimental data, it appeared that the electrostrictive coefficient Q was not proportional to the inverse ratio of the permittivity and the Young modulus for the studied composites. Finally, analytical modeling of the harvested current and of the harvested energy offered an accurate description of the experimental data.
p-type silicon doping profiling using electrochemical anodization
Authors: Gharbi Ahmed , Remaki Boudjemaa , Halimaoui Aomar , Bensahel Daniel , Souifi Abdelkader
Published: January 2011

We have developed an electrochemical method allowing an accurate determination of doping profiles in p-type silicon. Our approach is based on a precise and reproducible measurement of the anodization potential during the formation of porous silicon. The technique is tested on a reference sample with staircase doping profile ranging from 1017 to 1019 cm−3. It is shown that the depth resolution is readily linked to the doping level. For high doping concentrations, it approaches that of the secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis with an estimated value of 60 nm/decade.
The effect of interface processing on the distribution of interfacial defect states and the C-V characteristics of III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors
Authors: Cheng Cheng-Wei , Apostolopoulos George , Fitzgerald Eugene A.
Published: January 2011

We have investigated the effect of interface formation and processing conditions of Al2O3 on GaAs on the density and distribution of interface state charge in the band gap. We have formed the insulator/semiconductor interface using both atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In situ ALD, ex situ ALD, and in situ CVD of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) on GaAs were employed using metal-organic CVD. Isopropanol (IPA) was chosen as the oxygen source for Al2O3 deposition. No arsenic or gallium oxide was detected at the in situ ALD Al2O3/GaAs interface, while gallium oxide was observed at the in situ CVD Al2O3/GaAs interface. The entire distributions of interfacial defects from different processes were determined by conductance frequency method with temperature-variation capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The existence of Ga2O3 at the interface was found to be a possible method to lower the density of midgap defect states. From the C-V simulation, the midgap defect states are acceptorlike, which may originate from gallium vacancies near the interface. These states may also result in high frequency dispersion observed in the C-V curves of n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. We correlate the interfacial defect states with the processes used to form the insulator-semiconductor interface.
Communication: Delayed asymmetric Coulomb fission of molecular clusters: Application of a dielectric liquid-drop model
Authors: Wu Guohua , Chen Xiaojing , Stace Anthony J. , Linse Per
Published: January 2011

Delayed asymmetric Coulomb fission in size-selected molecular dication clusters has been recorded for the first time. Observations on (NH3)n2+ clusters show that fragmentation accompanied by charge separation can occur on a microsecond time scale, exhibits considerable asymmetry, and involves a kinetic energy release of ∼0.9 eV. The fission process has been modeled by representing the fragments as charged dielectric spheres and the calculated maximum in the electrostatic interaction energy between the fragments gives a good account of the measured kinetic energy release. A simple kinetic model shows that instrumental factors may contribute to the observation of asymmetric fragmentation.
A synchrotron-based photoemission study of the MoO3/Co interface
Authors: Wang Yu-Zhan , Yang Ming , QI Dong-Chen , Chen Shi , Chen Wei , Wee Andrew T. S. , Gao Xing-Yu
Published: January 2011

The electronic structures at the MoO3/Co interface were investigated using synchrotron-based ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that interfacial chemical reactions lead to the reduction of Mo oxidation states and the formation of Co-O bonds. These interfacial chemical reactions also induce a large interface dipole, which significantly increases the work function of the cobalt substrate. In addition, two interface states located at 1.0 and 2.0 eV below the Fermi level are identified. These two states overlap at film thickness of between 2–4 nm, which suggests the MoO3 intermediate layer may facilitate ohmic charge transport.
Enforced hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand (HCELL) expression primes transendothelial migration of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Thankamony Sai P. , Sackstein Robert
Published: January 2011

According to the multistep model of cell migration, chemokine receptor engagement (step 2) triggers conversion of rolling interactions (step 1) into firm adhesion (step 3), yielding transendothelial migration. We recently reported that glycosyltransferase-programmed stereosubstitution (GPS) of CD44 on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) creates the E-selectin ligand HCELL (hematopoietic cell E-selectin/L-selectin ligand) and, despite absence of CXCR4, systemically administered HCELL+hMSCs display robust osteotropism visualized by intravital microscopy. Here we performed studies to define the molecular effectors of this process. We observed that engagement of hMSC HCELL with E-selectin triggers VLA-4 adhesiveness, resulting in shear-resistant adhesion to ligand VCAM-1. This VLA-4 activation is mediated via a Rac1/Rap1 GTPase signaling pathway, resulting in transendothelial migration on stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells without chemokine input. These findings indicate that hMSCs coordinately integrate CD44 ligation and integrin activation, circumventing chemokine-mediated signaling, yielding a step 2–bypass pathway of the canonical multistep paradigm of cell migration.
Regulation of imprinted gene expression in
Arabidopsis
endosperm
Authors: Hsieh Tzung-Fu , Shin Juhyun , Uzawa Rie , Silva Pedro , Cohen Stephanie , Bauer Matthew J. , Hashimoto Meryl , Kirkbride Ryan C. , Harada John J. , Zilberman Daniel , Fischer Robert L.
Published: January 2011

Imprinted genes are expressed primarily or exclusively from either the maternal or paternal allele, a phenomenon that occurs in flowering plants and mammals. Flowering plant imprinted gene expression has been described primarily in endosperm, a terminal nutritive tissue consumed by the embryo during seed development or after germination. Imprinted expression in
Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm is orchestrated by differences in cytosine DNA methylation between the paternal and maternal genomes as well as by Polycomb group proteins. Currently, only 11 imprinted
A. thaliana
genes are known. Here, we use extensive sequencing of cDNA libraries to identify 9 paternally expressed and 34 maternally expressed imprinted genes in
A. thaliana
endosperm that are regulated by the DNA-demethylating glycosylase DEMETER, the DNA methyltransferase MET1, and/or the core Polycomb group protein FIE. These genes encode transcription factors, proteins involved in hormone signaling, components of the ubiquitin protein degradation pathway, regulators of histone and DNA methylation, and small RNA pathway proteins. We also identify maternally expressed genes that may be regulated by unknown mechanisms or deposited from maternal tissues. We did not detect any imprinted genes in the embryo. Our results show that imprinted gene expression is an extensive mechanistically complex phenomenon that likely affects multiple aspects of seed development.
Null Modals in Germanic (and Romance)
Authors: Grohmann Kleanthes K.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. This paper contains a detailed description and proposes a theoretical account of constructions in Germanic and Romance adult registers in which an inflected verb form is absent in an obligatorily matrix context. These structures contain an infinitival verb form only, tend to be employed as exclamative clause types and are consequently referred to as "Infinitival Excla ma lives". The proposal revolves around a phonetically unrealized modal element facilitating the irrealis mood construed with Infinitival Exclamatives. This null modal is the morpheme corresponding to modal auxiliaries for whose quasi-independence there is plenty of independent evidence. Cross-linguistic differences between English, German and Spanish are investigated.
Getting the picture
Authors: Richards Clive James
Published: January 2011

When designed well, user guides and related documentation can reduce significantly the costs of manufacturing, operating and maintaining products. Diagrams can be key features of such informational material, but, until recently, they have not been the subject of serious study. Diagrams are powerful information resources: this power arises from the use of graphic metaphor, which can also cause problems of interpretation. A taxonomy is presented of the fundamental design variables available when creating diagrams. User guides, and the diagrams they contain, are integral to products, and their development is the business of information designers. The scope of information design has been extended enormously now that diagrams may be animated, interactive and distributed digitally around the globe. The multimedia technical documentation system developed at Coventry University, called the 'cinegram', is outlined, and the re-utilisation of three-dimensional CAD data for instructional purposes at Rolls-Royce Aerospace is described. Future research is signalled, including the possibilities for hybrid 2-D and 3-D interactive diagrammatic documents.
The transformer revisited
Authors: Macdonald-Ross Michael , Waller Robert
Published: January 2011

Written in 1974 while the authors were with the Open University, this paper first appeared in the 1976 Penrose Annual.
The original abstract, written by the Penrose editor, read: Break down the barriers in the interests of the reader. Take responsibility for the success or failure of the communication. Do not accept a label or a slot on a production line. Be a complete human being with moral and intellectual integrity and thoroughgoing technical competence. This is the message of this article by two highly professional communicators at the Institute of Educational Technology of the Open University, Milton Keynes. It examines the range of complex problems involved in putting the expert's message in a form the ordinary person can best understand and use.
It is reprinted here with minor changes that mostly reflect the current un acceptability of the pronoun 'he' used generi-cally. The authors have also added a 2000 Postscript.
Tsr Formation as a Discourse Substratum in Hawaii Creole English
Authors: Masuda Hirokuni
Published: January 2011

Hawaii Creole English presents a particular type of utterance structure, the "dollar utterance," which might be regarded as ill-formed in terms of the form-meaning coalition in Standard English (SE). Nonetheless, such an utterance seems to reflect an underlying discourse process in which three discourse representations — Theme, Scheme, Rheme — interact. An analysis is given within the framework of Schema theory to explain this unique linguistic phenomenon in Hawaii Creole English. The scheme, which is the most important entity of the three, resides either in the preceding text or in the abstract knowledge structure of human cognition. It is further claimed that the formation of Theme, Scheme, Rheme could have been transferred from Japanese as one of its substratum features in discourse. The probability of Japanese substratal influence is highly supportable from both linguistic and sociohistorical evidence.
Comparative Romance Syntax. Frozen Adverbs in Italian and in Portuguese
Authors: Ranchhod Elisabete , De Gioia Michele
Published: January 2011

The Lexicon-Grammar of frozen adverbs of comparison has been established for French (M. Gross 1984b), Portuguese (Marques Ranchhod 1990, 1991) and Italian (De Gioia 1994a) in a monolingual perspective. The systematic character of such descriptions allowed us to make an explicit comparison between Italian and Portuguese.
The observations we made outlined, on the one hand, that the syntactic properties of these forms are analogous to those of free comparatives, and, on the other hand, that they are largely similar among the Romance languages involved.
Donc et les Consécutifs. Des Systèmes de Contraintes Différentiels
Authors: Rossari Corinne , Jayez Jacques
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we investigate some syntactic and semantic properties of a subclass of consecution discourse markers, or "connectives", in French. Consecution connectives express causal, implicative, or deductive relations between propositional entities. Typical instances of the class in English are therefore, so, then. We study the specific properties of donc (resembling therefore) in contrast with de ce fait, du coup, and alors (which can be rendered by so or then in many cases). We first describe the surface position constraints for these connectives, and relate the observations to the general problem of adverb position. Next, we appeal to a basic distinction between illocutionary force, propositional attitude, and propositional content to explain some observed semantic scope differences among the four items. Focussing on donc, we turn to the problem of the (in)compatibility of these connectives with if-sentences, illustrated by the following contrast.
(A) S'il fait beau, alors j'irai me promener
If the weather is fine, (then) I'll have a walk
(B ) ?? S'il fait beau, donc j'irai me promener
If the weather is fine, (therefore) I'll have a walk
We connect this difference with a variation in connexion "strength", a notion we substantiate in the final section by resorting to a version of generalized quantification. We also consider the influence of surfacc position on acceptability for examples of type (B), and we propose that this should be related to a difference in syntactic scope, which shows in explicative c 'est que structures as well.
Les Nyms
Authors: Renouf Antoinette
Published: January 2011

This article presents the first results of a research project to develop an automated system for identifying thesaural items in electronic text (the ACRONYM Project). The main objective is the identification and use of nyms (words or groups of words occurring in similar collocational environments and, as such, deemed to share meaning reference).
The thesaurus, readily updatable, is a representation of textual reality by virtue of being automatically extracted from the text itself.
Metaphorical Internet terms
Authors: Meyer Ingrid , Zaluski Victoria , Mackintosh Kristen
Published: January 2011

Although metaphors are often associated with literary language, they also play an important role in scientific and technical texts and hence in terminology work. In this paper, we explore the terminology of the Internet, a domain in which metaphors are particularly striking. We first examine English metaphorical terms from a conceptual viewpoint, noting the dominant metaphorical themes. We then analyze metaphorical terms from a structural viewpoint, observing basic word-formation patterns as well as phonological aspects. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for terminology work, in particular concept analysis and standardization efforts.
Recurring errors in medical Latin
Authors: Dirckx John H.
Published: January 2011

This paper records and classifies a number of common errors in the grammar and pronunciation of medical Latin, including several that appear in medical dictionaries. Most of these errors arise through mistaken analogy with unrelated grammatical forms or phonetic patterns. A discussion of their implications for communication leads to the conclusion that, although they pose little threat to the accurate preservation and transfer of data, they represent a breakdown in the coherence and consistency of a unified language system and, in some instances, a violation of internationally codified nomenclatural rules.
Making sense of the Tower of Babel
Authors: Baca Murtha
Published: January 2011

This paper describes an international project involving four partner countries — Canada, France, Italy, and the United States. The goal of the project was to produce a multilingual lexicon of terms, definitions, and images relating to a particular group of objects in the field of cultural heritage. Background on the International Terminology Working Group, under whose aegis the project was developed, is given, followed by a discussion of some of the problems and issues encountered, examples from the resulting lexicon, a description of the roles played by the partner institutions and the methodology used, and the lessons learned about how to manage such a complex project, as well as the equivalency work itself.
Dependence and isolated extensions
Authors: Guingona Vincent
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we show that if

φ
(
x
;
y
)

\varphi (x; y)

is a dependent formula, then all

φ
\varphi

-types

p
p

have an extension to a

φ
\varphi

-isolated

φ
\varphi

-type,

p
′

p’

. Moreover, we can choose

p
′

p’

to be an elementary

φ
\varphi

-extension of

p
p

and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartAbsoluteValue normal d normal o normal m left-parenthesis p prime right-parenthesis minus normal d normal o normal m left-parenthesis p right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue less-than-or-equal-to 2 dot normal upper I normal upper D left-parenthesis phi right-parenthesis">

|

d
o
m

(

p
′

)
−

d
o
m

(
p
)

|

≤
2
⋅

I
D

(
φ
)

|\mathrm {dom}(p’) - \mathrm {dom}(p)| \le 2 \cdot \mathrm {ID}(\varphi )

. We show that this characterizes

φ
\varphi

being dependent. Finally, we give some corollaries of this theorem and draw some parallels to the stable setting.
OrthoNets: simultaneous visual analysis of orthologs and their interaction neighborhoods across different organisms
Authors: Hao Yanqi , Merkoulovitch Anna , Vlasblom James , Pu Shuye , Turinsky Andrei L. , Roudeva Denitza , Turner Brian , Greenblatt Jack , Wodak Shoshana J.
Published: January 2011

Motivation: Protein interaction networks contain a wealth of biological information, but their large size often hinders cross-organism comparisons. We present OrthoNets, a Cytoscape plugin that displays protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks from two organisms simultaneously, highlighting orthology relationships and aggregating several types of biomedical annotations. OrthoNets also allows PPI networks derived from experiments to be overlaid on networks extracted from public databases, supporting the identification and verification of new interactors. Any newly identified PPIs can be validated by checking whether their orthologs interact in another organism.

Availability: OrthoNets is freely available at http://wodaklab.org/orthonets/.

Contact:  jim.vlasblom@utoronto.ca
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer: 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Freifeld Alison G. , Bow Eric J. , Sepkowitz Kent A. , Boeckh Michael J. , Ito James I. , Mullen Craig A. , Raad Issam I. , Rolston Kenneth V. , Young Jo-Anne H. , Wingard John R.
Published: January 2011

This document updates and expands the initial Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Fever and Neutropenia Guideline that was published in 1997 and first updated in 2002. It is intended as a guide for the use of antimicrobial agents in managing patients with cancer who experience chemotherapy-induced fever and neutropenia.

Recent advances in antimicrobial drug development and technology, clinical trial results, and extensive clinical experience have informed the approaches and recommendations herein. Because the previous iteration of this guideline in 2002, we have a developed a clearer definition of which populations of patients with cancer may benefit most from antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral prophylaxis. Furthermore, categorizing neutropenic patients as being at high risk or low risk for infection according to presenting signs and symptoms, underlying cancer, type of therapy, and medical comorbidities has become essential to the treatment algorithm. Risk stratification is a recommended starting point for managing patients with fever and neutropenia. In addition, earlier detection of invasive fungal infections has led to debate regarding optimal use of empirical or preemptive antifungal therapy, although algorithms are still evolving.

What has not changed is the indication for immediate empirical antibiotic therapy. It remains true that all patients who present with fever and neutropenia should be treated swiftly and broadly with antibiotics to treat both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.

Finally, we note that all Panel members are from institutions in the United States or Canada; thus, these guidelines were developed in the context of North American practices. Some recommendations may not be as applicable outside of North America, in areas where differences in available antibiotics, in the predominant pathogens, and/or in health care–associated economic conditions exist. Regardless of venue, clinical vigilance and immediate treatment are the universal keys to managing neutropenic patients with fever and/or infection.
Olivibacter oleidegradans sp. nov., a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from a biofilter clean-up facility on a hydrocarbon-contaminated site
Authors: Szabó István , Szoboszlay Sándor , Kriszt Balázs , Háhn Judit , Harkai Péter , Baka Erzsébet , Táncsics András , Kaszab Edit , Privler Zoltán , Kukolya József
Published: January 2011

A novel hydrocarbon-degrading, Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain TBF2/20.2T, was isolated from a biofilter clean-up facility set up on a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Hungary. It was characterized by using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate is affiliated with the genus Olivibacter in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. It was found to be related most closely to Olivibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 060T (93.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strain TBF2/20.2T grew at pH 6–9 (optimally at pH 6.5–7.0) and at 15–42 °C (optimally at 30–37 °C). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (39.4 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 26.0 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (14.5 %) and C16 : 0 (4.5 %). The major menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain TBF2/20.2T was 41.2 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic data further confirmed the distinctiveness of strain TBF2/20.2T from recognized members of the genus Olivibacter. Thus, strain TBF2/20.2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Olivibacter, for which the name Olivibacter oleidegradans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBF2/20.2T ( = NCAIM B 02393T  = CCM 7765T).
Pedobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. and Pedobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris)
Authors: Kwon Soon-Wo , Son Jung-A , Kim Soo-Jin , Kim Yi-Seul , Park In-Cheol , Bok Jeung-Im , Weon Hang-Yeon
Published: January 2011

Two bacterial strains, 01-96T and 15-51T, isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) were characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 01-96T was phylogenetically related most closely to Pedobacter suwonensis 15-52T and Pedobacter roseus CL-GP80T (96.7 and 96.7 % similarity, respectively), and strain 15-51T to Pedobacter borealis G-1T and P. suwonensis 15-52T (97.2 and 97.1 %, respectively). However, levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain 15-51T and P. borealis KACC 14287T and P. suwonensis KACC 11317T were low (<50 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.8 mol% for strain 01-96T and 38.6 mol% for strain 15-51T. The major fatty acids of the two strains were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic data showed that strains 01-96T and 15-51T could be distinguished from their closest phylogenetic relatives, and that these strains represented two novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the names Pedobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain 01-96T  = KACC 14938T  = NBRC 107690T) and Pedobacter soli sp. nov. (type strain 15-51T  = KACC 14939T  = NBRC 107691T) are proposed.
Catenovulum agarivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a peritrichously flagellated, chain-forming, agar-hydrolysing gammaproteobacterium from seawater
Authors: Yan Shulin , Yu Min , Wang Yan , Shen Chen , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: January 2011

A novel Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, agar-hydrolysing bacterium, designated YM01T, was isolated from seawater samples collected from the Yellow Sea (coastal region of Qingdao, PR China). Cells were rod-shaped, peritrichously flagellated and formed long chains end-to-end. The isolate had an absolute requirement for Na+ ions, but not seawater, for growth and grew optimally at about 28 °C, in 2 % NaCl and at pH 8.0–9.0. The isolate could not be cultured in marine broth 2216, but grew well on marine agar 2216. YM01T was able to hydrolyse cellulose, starch, aesculin and Tween 80, but not egg yolk, gelatin, urea or casein. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate was unique, showing only 88.4–91.0 % sequence similarity to its closest neighbours, including members of the genera Glaciecola (88.4–91.0 %), Alteromonas (88.7–89.6 %), Aestuariibacter (89.3–90.4 %), Salinimonas (89.0 %), Bowmanella (90.1–90.3 %) and Agarivorans (88.5–89.9 %). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strain YM01T formed a distinct clade closely related to species of the family Alteromonadaceae within the group of Alteromonas-like gammaproteobacteria. It contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and C16 : 0 (38.3 %), C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (29.0 %), C18 : 1ω7c (9.3 %) and C10 : 0 3-OH (8.2 %) as major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an aminophospholipid were the major phospholipid constituents. The DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain YM01T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus in the Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Catenovulum agarivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of Catenovulum agarivorans is YM01T ( = CGMCC 1.10245T  = DSM 23111T  = JCM 16580T).
Bradyrhizobium cytisi sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Cytisus villosus
Authors: Chahboune Rajaa , Carro Lorena , Peix Alvaro , Barrijal Said , Velázquez Encarna , Bedmar Eulogio J.
Published: January 2011

Several strains isolated from Cytisus villosus nodules have been characterized based on their diverse genetic, phenotypic and symbiotic characteristics. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates formed a group that was closely related to Bradyrhizobium canariense BTA-1T with 99.4 % similarity. Analysis of three housekeeping genes, recA, atpD and glnII, suggested that the C. villosus strains represent a novel Bradyrhizobium species most closely related to B. canariense BTA-1T with similarities of 94.2, 96.7 and 94.5 %, respectively. All these differences were congruent with DNA–DNA hybridization analysis, which revealed 31 % relatedness between a representative strain (CTAW11T) isolated from C. villosus nodules and B. canariense BTA-1T. Phenotypic differences among the strains isolated from C. villosus and B. canariense were based on assimilation of carbon and nitrogen sources. The nodC and nifH genes of strain CTAW11T were phylogenetically related to those of strains belonging to bv. genistearum and divergent from those of bv. glycinearum and, accordingly, they do not nodulate soybean. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained in this study, our strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species for which the name Bradyrhizobium cytisi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CTAW11T ( = LMG 25866T = CECT 7749T).
Algoriphagus faecimaris sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment
Authors: Li Yongxia , Yan Shulin , Yang Qian , Qi Zizhong , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Fu Yu-Bin
Published: January 2011

A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating bacterial strain, designated LYX05T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Qingdao, China, on the coast of the Yellow Sea. Strain LYX05T was aerobic and heterotrophic. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Colonies were 1–2 mm in diameter, circular, reddish orange and shiny with entire edges on marine agar medium. Cells were rods (0.3–0.5 µm wide and 0.8–1.6 µm long). The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (40.82 %) and C16 : 0 (10.45 %). The DNA G+C content was 42.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LYX05T was phylogenetically related to the members of the genus Algoriphagus and the closest relative was Algoriphagus hitonicola 7-UAHT (95.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain LYX05T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus faecimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LYX05T ( = JCM 16561T  = DSM 23095T  = LMG 25474T).
Description of Spongiibacter borealis sp. nov., isolated from Arctic seawater, and reclassification of Melitea salexigens Urios et al. 2008 as a later heterotypic synonym of Spongiibacter marinus Graeber et al. 2008 with emended descriptions of the genus Spongiibacter and Spongiibacter marinus
Authors: Jang Gwang Il , Hwang Chung Yeon , Choi Han-Gu , Kang Sung-Ho , Cho Byung Cheol
Published: January 2011

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile strain, designated CL-AS9T, was isolated from polar seawater of the Arctic. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed an affiliation with the genus Spongiibacter, sharing 93.9 % and 93.7 % sequence similarities with the type strains of Spongiibacter tropicus CL-CB221T and Spongiibacter marinus HAL40bT, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain CL-AS9T formed a separate branch that was distinct from a clade comprising Spongiibacter marinus HAL40bT, Spongiibacter tropicus CL-CB221T and Melitea salexigens 5IX/A01/131T. Cells of the strain grew optimally at 20–25 °C and pH 6.6–8.0 in the presence of 3–4 % (w/v) sea salts. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The major quinone was ubiquinone 8. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (23.1 %), C17 : 1ω8c (22.1 %) and C18 : 1ω7c (15.6 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.6 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data presented, we propose the name Spongiibacter borealis sp. nov. with the type strain CL-AS9T ( = KCCM 90094T  = JCM 17304T) and the reclassification of Melitea salexigens as a later heterotypic synonym of Spongiibacter marinus. We also provide emended descriptions of the genus Spongiibacter and Spongiibacter marinus.
Oceanisphaera ostreae sp. nov., isolated from seawater of an oyster farm, and emended description of the genus Oceanisphaera Romanenko et al. 2003
Authors: Choi Won-Chan , Kang So-Jung , Jung Yong-Taek , Oh Tae-Kwang , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: January 2011

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming and short rod- or rod-shaped bacterial strain, T-w6T, was isolated from seawater of an oyster farm in the South Sea, Korea. Strain T-w6T grew optimally at 25 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain T-w6T joined the cluster comprising Oceanisphaera species with a bootstrap resampling value of 90.8 %, and this cluster joined the clade comprising members of the genera Oceanimonas and Zobellella with a bootstrap resampling value of 100 %. Strain T-w6T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.9 and 96.6 % to the type strains of Oceanisphaera litoralis and Oceanisphaera donghaensis, respectively. Strain T-w6T and the type strains of Oceanisphaera litoralis and Oceanisphaera donghaensis had Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain T-w6T was 56.6 mol%. Mean DNA–DNA relatedness of strain T-w6T with Oceanisphaera litoralis DSM 15406T and Oceanisphaera donghaensis KCTC 12522T was 13 and 10 %, respectively. Phenotypic properties of strain T-w6T demonstrated that this strain could be distinguished from the other Oceanisphaera species. On the basis of the data presented, strain T-w6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oceanisphaera, for which the name Oceanisphaera ostreae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is T-w6T ( = KCTC 23422T  = CCUG 60525T). An emended description of the genus Oceanisphaera is also presented.
Pusillimonas harenae sp. nov., isolated from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Pusillimonas
Authors: Park Moon Su , Park Youn-Je , Jung Ji Young , Lee Seung Hyeon , Park Woojun , Lee Kangseok , Jeon Che Ok
Published: January 2011

A Gram-stain-negative, motile bacterium with two lateral flagella, designated strain B201T, was isolated from beach sand from the Taean coast in South Korea. Cells were ovoid rods and positive for catalase and oxidase. Growth of strain B201T was observed between 15 and 45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and between pH 5.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.5). Strain B201T contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the major isoprenoid quinone, but MK-6 was also present as a minor quinone. The major fatty acids of strain B201T were C17 : 0 cyclo, C16 : 0, summed feature 2 (iso-C16 : 1 I/C14 : 0 3-OH and/or C12 : 0 ALDE), C12 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The major cellular polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid and three aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a phyletic lineage with Pusillimonas ginsengisoli DCY25T within the genus Pusillimonas. Strain B201T was most closely related to P. ginsengisoli DCY25T and Pusillimonas soli MJ07T with similarities of 98.6 and 97.5 %, respectively. However, DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain B201T with P. ginsengisoli DCY25T and P. soli MJ07T were 30.2±5.4 and 4.9±1.8 %, respectively. On the basis of chemotaxonomic data and molecular properties, strain B201T represents a novel species of the genus Pusillimonas, for which the name Pusillimonas harenae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is B201T ( = KACC 14927T = JCM 16917T). An emended description of the genus Pusillimonas is given.
Descriptions of Actinoplanes ianthinogenes nom. rev. and Actinoplanes octamycinicus corrig. comb. nov., nom. rev.
Authors: Tamura Tomohiko , Ishida Yuumi , Suzuki Ken-ichiro
Published: January 2011

Phylogenetic analysis of ‘Actinoplanes ianthinogenes’ Coronelli et al. 1974 and ‘Actinoplanes ianthinogenes subsp. octamycini’ Gauze et al. 1979 based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that these organisms form a clade in the family Micromonosporaceae. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strains of these species were consistent with those of members of the genus Actinoplanes. Morphological, DNA–DNA hybridization, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data showed that ‘A. ianthinogenes’ and ‘A. ianthinogenes subsp. octamycini’ can be easily differentiated from each other and that they merit separate species status. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and DNA–DNA hybridization data, it is concluded that ‘A. ianthinogenes’ and ‘A. ianthinogenes subsp. octamycini’ should be assigned the status of two novel species: Actinoplanes ianthinogenes nom. rev. (type strain NBRC 13996T = A/1668T = ATCC 21884T = BCRC 13611T = DSM 43864T = IMSNU 20032T = JCM 3249T = KCTC 9347T = KCTC 9592T = NCIMB 12639T = NRRL B-16720T) and Actinoplanes octamycinicus corrig. comb. nov., nom. rev. (type strain NBRC 14524T = INA 4041T = ATCC 43632T = JCM 9649T = KCTC 9593T), respectively.
A Three-Dimensional RNA Motif inPotato spindle tuber viroidMediates Trafficking from Palisade Mesophyll to Spongy Mesophyll inNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Takeda Ryuta , Petrov Anton I. , Leontis Neocles B. , Ding Biao
Published: January 2011

Cell-to-cell trafficking of RNA is an emerging biological principle that integrates systemic gene regulation, viral infection, antiviral response, and cell-to-cell communication. A key mechanistic question is how an RNA is specifically selected for trafficking from one type of cell into another type. Here, we report the identification of an RNA motif in Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) required for trafficking from palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This motif, called loop 6, has the sequence 5′-CGA-3′...5′-GAC-3′ flanked on both sides by cis Watson-Crick G/C and G/U wobble base pairs. We present a three-dimensional (3D) structural model of loop 6 that specifies all non-Watson-Crick base pair interactions, derived by isostericity-based sequence comparisons with 3D RNA motifs from the RNA x-ray crystal structure database. The model is supported by available chemical modification patterns, natural sequence conservation/variations in PSTVd isolates and related species, and functional characterization of all possible mutants for each of the loop 6 base pairs. Our findings and approaches have broad implications for studying the 3D RNA structural motifs mediating trafficking of diverse RNA species across specific cellular boundaries and for studying the structure-function relationships of RNA motifs in other biological processes.
Aligning leadership development for general managers with global strategy: the Bristol‐Myers Squibb story
Authors: Derven Marjorie , Frappolli Kristin
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to describe an innovative, blended learning approach to global general manager (GM) development at Bristol‐Myers Squibb that encompasses the career lifecycle from pre‐promotion, on‐boarding and ongoing development for GM incumbents.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a case study of a leadership development initiative that included executive sponsorship with ongoing guidance and direction from a General Manager Advisory Council, who ensured that the learning solutions were relevant, high impact and supported on the job. The approach helped global GMs build networks of support and learning through peer coaching, leveraging the diverse and complementary skills these leaders bring to their roles.

Findings

Based on their diverse backgrounds, it is essential to use multiple learning approaches to GM development and avoid a “one size fits all” mindset. Blended learning, selective use of classroom instruction and social networking tools were combined to create a comprehensive curriculum that supports organizational strategy and builds the leadership pipeline at Bristol‐Myers Squibb.

Originality/value

This case study will help other learning professionals who are charged with developing “leaders of leaders” on a global scale.
Training for results: innovative synergy between learning and business performance
Authors: Pool Roald
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reveal a very result‐oriented and successful method of management training.

Design/methodology/approach

The objectives of the paper are achieved by using tangible goals, a high degree of accountability for participants and engagement of staff and management. Theoretical concepts used are the evaluation levels of Kirkpatrick and research of Buckingham.

Findings

The paper reveals that measuring results in a management development programme is feasible and productive.

Research limitations/implications

Research is done in only one company. Further research in other branches is necessary to draw firmer conclusions.

Practical implications

Using business targets in training (management should collaborate) Buckingham's six questions form an adequate tool to measure engagement.

Originality/value

The number of elements measured and used in a training programme is original. It is valuable for HRD professionals that want to make stronger business cases to their (internal) management clientele.
Meaning, truth, and information: prolegomena to a theory
Authors: Budd John M.
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationships between meaning and truth as they may contribute to a constitutive definition of information. The thesis is primarily that “information” cannot be defined unless within the context of meaning and truth, and that any theory based on, or related to, information is not possible without the foundational definition.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of related literatures and an arrangement of frameworks forms the design of this conceptual proposal.

Findings

While other definitions of information have been presented, the present one integrates meaning and truth in ways that others do not. The thoroughgoing semantic examination provides a starting‐point for a much deeper analysis of the integral role that language plays in the formation of any theory related to information. Truth tends not to be spoken of a great deal in information science; the definitional positioning of truth adds to a more complete definition and basis for theory.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a new definitional and theoretical construct for information.