bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(S)-Armepavine inhibits human peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation by regulating Itk and PLCγ activation in a PI-3K-dependent manner
Authors: Liu Chih-Peng , Kuo Yuh-Chi , Shen Chien-Chang , Wu Ming-Hsi , Liao Jyh-Fei , Lin Yun-Lian , Chen Chieh-Fu , Tsai Wei-Jern
Published: February 2007

Chinese herbs are useful edible and medicinal plants for their immune modulatory functions. We have proven that (S)-armepavine (C19H23O3N; MW313) from Nelumbo nucifera inhibits the proliferation of human PBMCs activated with PHA and improves autoimmune diseases in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. In the present study, the pharmacological activities of (S)-armepavine were evaluated in PHA-activated PBMCs. The results showed that (S)-armepavine suppressed PHA-induced PBMC proliferation and genes expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ without direct cytotoxicity. Inhibition of NF-AT and NF-κB activation suggested phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ)-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and protein kinase C activation were blocked by (S)-armepavine. Phosphorylation of PLCγ is regulated by lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck), ZAP-70, and IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (Itk). We found (S)-armepavine inhibited PHA-induced phosphorylation of Itk and PLCγ efficiently but did not influence Lck or ZAP-70 phosphorylation. In addition, ZAP-70-mediated pathways, such as the association of linker for activation of T cells with PLCγ and activation of ERK, were also intact in the presence of (S)-armepavine. Finally, reduction of phosphoinositide 3,4,5-trisphosphate formation and Akt phosphorylation suggested that (S)-armepavine inhibited Itk, and PLCγ phosphorylation might be a result of the influence of PI-3K activation. Addition of exogenous IL-2 or PMA/A23187 rescued PBMC proliferation in the presence of (S)-armepavine. Therefore, we concluded that (S)-armepavine inhibited PHA-induced cell proliferation and cytokine production in a major way by blocking membrane-proximal effectors such as Itk and PLCγ in a PI-3K-dependent manner.
Altered Skeletal Muscle Fiber Composition and Size Precede Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in Young Men with Low Birth Weight
Authors: Jensen Christine B. , Storgaard Heidi , Madsbad Sten , Richter Erik A. , Vaag Allan A.
Published: February 2007

Context: Low birth weight (LBW), a surrogate marker of an adverse fetal milieu, is linked to muscle insulin resistance, impaired insulin-stimulated glycolysis, and future risk of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle mass, fiber composition, and capillary density are important determinants of muscle function and metabolism, and alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an adverse fetal environment (LBW) induces permanent changes in skeletal muscle morphology, which may contribute to the dysmetabolic phenotype associated with LBW.

Design and Subjects: Vastus lateralis muscle was obtained by percutaneous biopsy from 20 healthy 19-yr-old men with birth weights at 10th percentile or lower for gestational age (LBW) and 20 normal birth weight controls, matched for body fat, physical fitness, and whole-body glucose disposal. Myofibrillar ATPase staining was used to classify muscle fibers as type I, IIa, and IIx (formerly type IIb), and double immunostaining was performed to stain capillaries (LBW, n = 8; normal birth weight, n = 12).

Results: LBW was associated with increased proportion of type IIx fibers (+66%; P = 0.03), at the expense of decreased type IIa fibers (−22%; P = 0.003). No significant change was observed in proportion of type I fibers (+16%; P = 0.11). In addition, mean area of type IIa fibers was increased (+29%; P = 0.01) and tended to be increased for type I fibers as well (+17%; P = 0.08). Capillary density was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion: Alterations in fiber composition and size may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with LBW.
Caspase-1-dependent processing of pro-interleukin-1β is cytosolic and precedes cell death
Authors: Brough David , Rothwell Nancy J.
Published: February 2007

The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β is a key mediator of inflammation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states. Despite its biological importance, the mechanisms of its processing to an active form and its trafficking to the extracellular compartment remain poorly understood. Interleukin-1β secretion is proposed to occur via several distinct mechanisms including microvesicle shedding and the regulated secretion of lysosomes. In this study, we report for the first time that caspase-1-dependent processing of pro-interleukin-1β can occur in the cytosol following activation of P2X7-receptor. We also provide evidence that the pathway of secretion in this model is independent of the lysosomal trafficking regulator, a protein involved in lysosome secretion. Although release of interleukin-1β occurred before the appearance of significant levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the supernatant, the cells ultimately died. It is clear that structural changes preceding cell death, occurring after caspase-1 activation, promote the cellular release of interleukin-1β. We investigated the involvement of lipid rafts in this process and discovered that depleting the plasma membrane of cholesterol did not adversely affect interleukin-1β secretion in response to ATP. We propose that, in macrophages, ATP-induced interleukin-1β processing occurs in the cytosol by a mechanism that resembles pyroptosis.
Moxifloxacin and Torsade de Pointes
Authors: Dale Krista M , Lertsburapa Kirkeith , Kluger Jeffrey , White C Michael
Published: February 2007

Objective:

To report a case of torsade de pointes in a patient receiving moxifloxacin.

Case Summary:

An 87-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for pneumonia, and antibiotic therapy with intravenous moxifloxacin 400 mg/day was initiated. The patient was noted to have significant QTc interval prolongation 2 hours after administration of moxifloxacin and developed torsade de pointes 8–10 hours after moxifloxacin administration. She was converted back to normal sinus rhythm after a precordial thump. Moxifloxacin was discontinued, and the woman's QTc interval subsequently returned to baseline.

Discussion:

Torsade de pointes is a life-threatening arrhythmia that has previously been associated with the use of fluoroquinolones. Minimal information is available regarding the risk of torsade de pointes with moxifloxacin. According to the Naranjo probability scale, the episode in this case was probably related to administration of intravenous moxifloxacin.

Conclusions:

In patients with underlying risk factors for a prolonged QT interval, the use of moxifloxacin can lengthen the interval further and ultimately trigger episodes of torsade de pointes. Moxifloxacin administration in these patients therefore should be administered and monitored judiciously.
Formation of hard hematite-cemented solids in steam generators: An analog of lithification of Fe-containing sedimentary rocks
Authors: Labuda Ewa , Cherepakhov Galina , Barkatt Aaron
Published: February 2007

The formation of hard hematite in steam generators with relatively high levels (5–10 µg/L) of dissolved oxygen at temperatures around 280–290°C and pressures around 6–8 MPa can serve as an analog for the formation of hard hematite in sedimentary processes. Furthermore, in steam generators, as well as in nature, hematite is an effective cementing agent, capable of incorporating as much as twice its own weight of other solids to form a hard composite material. Laboratory simulations showed ferrihydrite to be the likely starting material for the formation of hard, dense hematite at temperatures much lower than those required for sintering of anhydrous hematite. These laboratory simulations, performed at temperatures around 260°C and pressures of ∼500 MPa, resulted in the formation of hard hematite or hematite-based composite solids over periods of 3–5 h, compared with several months in steam generators and many years in nature. The amount of water present during the synthesis (10–15% of the weight of dry ferrihydrite) and the gradual removal of water proved to be key parameters in the formation of hard, dense hematite. The mechanism, studied by means of X-ray diffractometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, appeared to involve build-up, then gradual condensation of OH bridges, leading to the conversion of ferrihydrite to hydrohematite with approximately 4–5% of residual water. The presence of other solids, such as copper and its oxides, alumina and silica, in large quantities, resulted in smaller grain size of the hydrohematite product but did not affect its mechanical properties. On the other hand, the use of hydrazine to provide a reducing environment produced goethite during the precursor synthesis stage and soft magnetite during the pressing stage. However, whenever hematite was produced, it could not be subsequently reduced to magnetite by hydrazine under the reaction conditions specified above. The mechanical properties as well as the spectroscopic characteristics of the product of pressing agreed with observations on sedimentary hematite-cemented rocks.
Self-Assessments and Other Perceptions of Successful Adults Who Are Deaf: An Initial Investigation
Authors: Luckner John L , Stewart Jason
Published: February 2007

More often than not, deafness is portrayed, not only in the literature in
education and rehabilitation but in society in general, in a pathological
way that focuses on deficiency, dysfunction, and deviance. Consequently,
there has been a paucity of research on successful individuals who
are deaf. The purpose of the present study was to help counter this
tendency by gathering information from successful deaf adults. Fourteen
deaf adults, who were nominated by their peers as being successful,
participated in videotaped interviews. The interviews were transcribed,
coded, and clustered according to common themes. Participants reflected
on their success and made recommendations for children and youth who
are deaf, parents, teachers, and employers. A summary of the results,
limitations of the study, and recommendations for practice are
provided.
Impact of Federal Legislation and Policy on VR Services for Consumers Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Perspectives of Agency Administrators and Program Specialists
Authors: Anderson Glenn B , Boone Steven E , Watson Douglas
Published: February 2007

The authors report on a national survey of administrators and
program specialists at 43 state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies
concerning the impact of federal employment legislation and rehabilitation
policies on the provision of services to consumers who are deaf or hard of
hearing. The article focuses on 5 initiatives enacted to enhance efforts
to help people with disabilities achieve competitive employment and
self-sufficiency: the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Order of Selection
policies established by state agencies, Interagency Agreements between
VR and postsecondary programs, the Comprehensive System of Personnel
Development, and the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement
Act of 1999. The article concludes with a summary of state agencies'
priorities and needs in regard to technical assistance to enhance the
provision of VR services.
Parents' and Teachers' Evaluations of the Communicative Abilities of Deaf Children
Authors: Knoors Harry , Meuleman Judith , Klatter-Folmer Jetske
Published: February 2007

The authors compared evaluations by parents and teachers of the
communicative abilities of deaf children. Such comparisons between
parents' and professionals' assessments of the language development
of children who are deaf can provide useful information on which to
base ecologically valid intervention approaches. A secondary interest
of the authors was to investigate the possible influences on language
development of gender, the presence or absence of cochlear implantation,
and communication modality (i.e., auditory-verbal or bilingual). The
study included the mothers and teachers of 14 deaf children educated
in auditory-verbal or bilingual programs. Two scales from a survey
instrument, Profiles of the Hearing Impaired (Webster & Webster,
1995), were used. No significant differences between the teachers'
and parents' evaluations were found. Gender, cochlear implantation,
and communication modality were found to have no significant effect on
the evaluations.
Ideals having the expected reduction number
Authors: Ulrich Bernd
Published: February 2007

It is known that the blow-up algebras of an ideal enjoy many good properties if the reduction number of the ideal satisfies an expected upper bound. In this paper we characterize ideals that have this expected reduction number. Applied to perfect ideals of grade two, our result yields a concrete criterion in terms of Fitting ideals for when the Rees algebra is Cohen-Macaulay.
Versions of Springer's theorem for quadratic forms in characteristic 2
Authors: Aravire Roberto , Jacob Bill
Published: February 2007

Whenever F is a Henselian valued field whose residue class field [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] has characteristic different from 2, a theorem of Springer completely reduces the quadratic form theory of F to the quadratic form theory of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] and the structure of the value group. This paper presents analogues of this result in the case where F is a maximally complete field of characteristic 2. Two different results are given: the first determines the Witt group and the second classifies the anisotropic quadratic forms.
Hopf Galois Kummer theory of formal groups
Authors: Moss David J.
Published: February 2007

Let ƒ : F → G be an isogeny between finite n -dimensional formal groups defined over R , the valuation ring of some field extension K of Q p . Let H be the R -Hopf algebra which arises from this isogeny. For such H , we classify Gal( H ), the group of H -Galois objects. Let M be the maximal ideal of R , and let P ( F, K ) denote the n -tuples of M under the group operation induced by F . Our main result is the construction of an isomorphism from the cokernel of P ( ƒ ) to Gal( H ), where P ( ƒ ) is the induced map from P ( F, K ) to P ( G, K ). In geometric language Gal( H ) describes the group of isomorphism classes of principal homogeneous spaces for Spec( H ) over Spec( R ). Geometric methods have been used by Mazur to establish the above isomorphism, but the proof is nonconstructive. A geometric approach has also provided a formula for the cardinality of Gal( H ). We give an alternative derivation of this result using formal group techniques.
Equivariant intersection cohomology of semi-stable points
Authors: Brion Michel , Joshua Roy
Published: February 2007

The main result of the paper is that the equivariant intersection cohomology of the semi-stable points on a complex projective variety , for the action of a complex reductive group, may be determined from the equivariant intersection cohomology of the semi-stable points for the action of a maximal torus. It extends the work of Brion who considered the smooth case using equivariant cohomology. Equivariant intersection cohomology is a theory due to Brylinski and the second author. As an application, a surprising relation between the intersection cohomology of Chow hypersurfaces is established in the last section of the paper.
Harmonic maps with prescribed singularities on unbounded domains
Authors: Weinstein Gilbert
Published: February 2007

The Einstein/Abelian-Yang-Mills Equations reduce in the stationary and axially symmetric case to a harmonic map with prescribed singularities φ: R 3 \Σ → H k +1 C into the ( k + 1)-dimensional complex hyperbolic space. In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of harmonic maps with prescribed singularities φ: R n \Σ → H, where Σ is an unbounded smooth closed submanifold of R n of codimension at least 2, and H is a real, complex, or quaternionic hyperbolic space. As a corollary, we prove the existence of solutions to the reduced stationary and axially symmetric Einstein/Abelian-Yang-Mills Equations.
On the multiplication of free N -tuples of noncommutative random variables
Authors: Nica Alexandru , Speicher Roland
Published: February 2007

Let a 1 ,..., a n , b 1 ,..., b n be random variables in a noncommutative probability space, such that { a 1 ,..., a n } is free from { b 1 ,..., b n }. We show how the joint distribution of the n -tuple ( a 1 b 1 ,..., a n b n ) can be described in terms of the joint distributions of ( a 1 ,..., a n ) and ( b 1 ,..., b n ), by using the combinatorics of the n -dimensional R -transform. We point out a few applications that can be easily derived from our result, concerning the left-and-right translation with a semicircular element (see Sections 1.6-1.10) and the compression with a projection (see Sections 1.11-1.14) of an n -tuple of noncommutative random variables. A different approach to two of these applications is presented by Dan Voiculescu in an Appendix to the paper.
Trivial Gleason parts and the topological stable rank of H ∞
Authors: Suárez Daniel
Published: February 2007

We show that the subset of the maximal ideal space of H ∞ formed by the trivial Gleason parts is totally disconnected. A pair ( ƒ, g ) ∈ H ∞ × H ∞ is called a corona pair if [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /][inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] > 0, where [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] is the open unit disc. We prove that the set U 2 ( H ∞ ) of corona pairs is dense in H ∞ × H ∞ .
The topological Hochschild homology of the Gaussian integers
Authors: Lindenstrauss Ayelet
Published: February 2007

The calculation in this paper gives the 2-torsion in the topological Hochschild homology of rings of integers in quadratic extensions of the rationals. In general, it is not hard to deduce the p -torsion in the topological Hochschild homology of rings of integers which do not ramify at p from the corresponding torsion for the integers. Thus, for the ring of Gaussian integers, and also for the integers with the square root of 2 or -2 adjoined, this paper completes the calculation of the topological Hochschild homology spectrum (which is a priori known to be a product of Eilenberg-MacLane spectra). Precisely because of this a priori knowledge, the homotopy groups can be found by doing a homology calculation. A spectral sequence arising from the filtration of topological Hochschild homology by simplicial 'skeleta' converges to the desired homology. If one reduces the rings in question modulo 2, the spectral sequence collapses at its second term. This comparison bounds the nontriviality of higher differentials in the spectral sequence for the original ring. It is explicitly demonstrated, using simplicial calculations, that the higher differentials are as nontrivial as they could be, given this bound.
Correction to "Zero-entropy affine maps on homogeneous spaces"
Authors: Witte Dave
Published: February 2007

Proposition 6.4 of the author's paper [ American Journal of Mathematics 109 (1987), 927-961] is incorrect. This invalid proposition was used in the proof of Corollary 6.5, so we provide a new proof of the latter result.
On the most algebraic K3 surfaces and the most extremal log Enriques surfaces
Authors: Oguiso Keiji , Zhang De-Qi
Published: February 2007

We shall characterize the unique K3 surface of discriminant 3 or 4, called the most algebraic K3 surfaces by Vinberg, in terms of the fixed locus of an automorphism on it. Based on this result, we show that there is, up to isomorphisms, only one rational log Eriques surface of Type D 19 and one of Type A 19 .
On the ∈-constants of a variety over a finite field
Authors: Chinburg T. , Erez B. , Pappas G. , Taylor M. J.
Published: February 2007

Let X denote an irreducible smooth projective variety over a finite field, which supports an action by a finite group G . For each complex representation V of G , we let ∈( X, G, V ) denote the constant in the functional equation of the associated L -function. In this paper we study the constants ∈( X, G, V ) when the character of the representation V is real valued. Our first main result shows that ∈( X, G, V ) is positive: either when the dimension, d say, of X is odd and V is orthogonal; or when d is even and V is symplectic. This then generalizes Serre's theorem for the ∈-constants of orthogonal representations for curves. Our second main result concerns the situation where G acts tamely on X and where the representation V has real valued character, is of even degree and has trivial determinant. We than show that the constants ∈( X, G, V ) are determined by certain hermitian Euler characteristics associated to a stratification of X . This result is particularly striking when X is a curve: for then our result shows that the symplectic ∈-constants are all determined by the virtual [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]-module H 0 ( O X ) - H 1 ( O X ).
Bounding codimension-one subvarieties and a general inequality between Chern numbers
Authors: Lu Steven Shin-Yi , Miyaoka Yoichi
Published: February 2007

We extend the Miyaoka-Yau inequality for a surface to an arbitrary nonuniruled normal complex projective variety, eliminating the hypothesis that the variety must be minimal. The inequality is sharp in dimension three and is also sharp among minimal varieties. For nonminimal varieties in dimension four or higher, an error term is picked up which can be controlled. As a consequence, we bound codimension one subvarieties in a variety of general type linearly in terms of their Chern numbers. In particular, we show that there are only a finite number of smooth Fano, Abelian and Calabi-Yau subvarieties of codimension one in any variety of general type.
Morava modules and Brown-Comenetz duality
Authors: Devinatz Ethan S.
Published: February 2007

Fix a prime number p , and let X be a finite spectrum whose ( n - 1)st Morava K-theory is trivial but whose n th Morava K-theory is nontrivial, n > 0. We prove, following a method outlined to us by M. J. Hopkins, that, if 2 p > n 2 + n + 2, the Morava module of the Brown-Comenetz dual of the E ( n ) * -localization of X is isomorphic to a suspension of the Pontryagin dual of the Morava module of X . To complete this proof, we found it necessary to develop a more canonical construction of certain modified Adams spectral sequences; this construction should be of independent interest.
Inequalities between projection functions of convex bodies
Authors: Goodey Paul , Zhang Gaoyong
Published: February 2007

We obtain injectivity results for certain integral transforms on Grassmann manifolds. These are used to solve the intermediate cases of a problem of Shephard and to give other applications to projection functions of convex bodies of revolution.
Constructing curves with high rank via symmetry
Authors: Shioda Tetsuji
Published: February 2007

For any g > 1, we construct a curve of genus g defined over the rational function field of many variables Q ( t 1 , . . . , t N ), with rank at least 4 g + 7. An immediate consequence is that there exists an infinite family of (nonconstant) curves of genus g over Q with rank at least 4 g + 7, which will improve the bound 3 g + 7 which Néron claimed in 1954.
The cohomology group associated with Jacobi cusp forms over Cayley numbers
Authors: Eie Minking
Published: February 2007

We consider the cohomology group associated with Jacobi cusp forms over Cayley numbers as an example of the general theory of the cohomology groups associated with cusp forms developed by Eichler and Shimura. The theory establishes isomorphisms between the cohomology groups and the vector spaces of vector-valued cusp forms and then expresses their common dimensions in terms of certain geometric invariants in the corresponding quotient spaces. This is an analogue of the Riemann-Roch theorem applied to the cases of vector-valued modular forms.
Differential subgroups of simple algebraic groups over p -adic fields
Authors: Buium Alexandru
Published: February 2007

A theorem of Cassidy states that any Zariski closed differential algebraic subgroup of a simple linear algebraic group, defined over a differential field, is either the whole group or is conjugate to the subgroup of constant matrices. An arithmetic analogue of this theorem is proved in which usual derivations on fields are replaced by certain nonlinear operators on p -adic rings, called " p -derivations."
A matrix theory for finite group actions
Authors: Chi Mei-Hsiu , Wu Jyh-Yang
Published: February 2007

We introduce a new matrix theory to investigate finite group actions on spaces. Given a finite group action, we associate it with a family of orbit matrices. The spectral radius of an action is also introduced. It is shown that the spectral raduis is bounded below by a constant depending only on some geometric invariants of the underlying Riemannian manifolds. The relation between the eigenspaces of orbit matrices and regular representations of finite groups are also investigated. In particular, we obtain that the eigenvalues of orbit matrices reveal some structures of the groups.
An example concerning extension and separate analyticity properties of meromorphic mappings
Authors: Ivashkovich S.
Published: February 2007

We construct a compact, complex manifold X of dimension three, such that every meromorphic map from a two-dimensional domain into X extends meromorphically onto the envelope of holomorphy of this domain, but there exists a meromorphic map from the punctured three-dimensional ball into X , which does not extend to the origin. We give a theorem describing the obstructions occuring here.
Local solvability for top degree forms in a class of systems of vector fields
Authors: Cordaro Paulo D. , Hounie Jorge
Published: February 2007

We study the local exactness at the top degree level in the differential complex defined by a smooth, locally integrable structure of rank n in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. If Z denotes a local first integral of the structure it is proved that the vanishing of the local cohomology in degree n is implied by the absence of compact connected components of the "fibers" Z = const. This adds one more result towards the verification of a conjecture due to F. Treves regarding the vanishing of the local cohomology of such complexes of differential operators.
Classification des surfaces de type Delaunay
Authors: Sa Earp Ricardo , Toubiana Eric
Published: February 2007

We define and study complete and noncomplete rotational special Weingarten surfaces in euclidean space. We prove general existence and uniqueness theorems for such complete surfaces.
On Ribet's level-raising theorem for U (3)
Authors: Clozel L.
Published: February 2007

A well-known theorem of Ken Ribet asserts that, under certain assumptions, a modular form (mod ℓ) on Γ 0 ( N ) can be "lifted" to yield a newform on Γ 0 ( N ℓ) with the same modular Galois representation. For further progress in the modular theory of automorphic forms one will need to understand this phenomenon for automorphic forms on reductive groups other than GL(2). In this paper we prove such a result for the unitary group of rank 3, under suitable assumptions. The proof relies on the modular representation theory of p -adic reductive groups.
On uniqueness of meromorphic functions sharing finite sets
Authors: Fujimoto Hirotaka
Published: February 2007

We first study conditions for a polynomial P ( w ) to satisfy the condition that P ( f ) = cP ( g ) implies f = g for any nonzero constant c and nonconstant meromorphic functions f and g on c. Next, we give some sufficient conditions for a finite set S to be a uniqueness range set, namely, to satisfy the condition that f -1 ( S ) = g -1 ( S ) implies f = g for any nonconstant meromorphic functions f and g on c. For a set S , we consider a polynomial P ( w ) of degree q := # S which vanishes on S . Let P '( w ) have distinct k zeros d 1 ,..., d k and assume that k ≥ 4. We show that, if q > 2 k + 12, P ( d ℓ ) ≠ P ( d m ) (1 ≤ ℓ < m ≤ k ) and P ( d 1 ) +...+ P ( d k ) ≠ 0, then S is a uniqueness range set, and discuss some other related subjects.
A classification of two-dimensional tube domains
Authors: Shimizu Satoru
Published: February 2007

We give a complete classification of two-dimensional tube domains up to biholomorphic equivalence. As a consequence, we obtain a tube domain with a remarkable property, which gives a counterexample to the claim of Dadok and Yang on the structure of tube domains.
Coble rational surfaces
Authors: Dolgachev Igor V. , Zhang De-Qi
Published: February 2007

A Coble surface is a smooth rational projective surface such that its anti-canonical linear system is empty while the anti-bicanonical linear system is nonempty. In this paper we shall classify Coble surfaces and consider the finiteness problem of the number of negative rational curves on it modulo automorphisms.
Families of wildly ramified covers of curves
Authors: Pries Rachel J.
Published: February 2007

In this paper, I investigate wildly ramified G -Galois covers of curves [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] branched at exactly one point over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p . I answer a question of M. Raynaud by showing that proper families of such covers of a twisted projective line are isotrivial. The method is to construct an affine moduli space for covers whose inertia group is of the form [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /]. There are two other applications of this space in the case that [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /]. The first uses formal patching to compute the dimension of the space of nonisotrivial deformations of φ in terms of the lower jump of the filtration of higher inertia groups. The second gives necessary criteria for good reduction of families of such covers. These results will be used in a future paper to prove the existence of such covers φ with specified ramification data.
Mean field upper and lower bounds on Lyapunov exponents
Authors: Wang Wei-Min
Published: February 2007

We extend the supersymmetric field theory formulation of random walks in random potentials developed in earlier papers. We obtain the mean field rate of decay for the squared Green's function at the critical energy. This requires studying supersymmetric field theories which are quartic in the Grassmann variables. We also obtain both the mean field upper and lower bounds at the critical energy for Lyapunov exponents for unbounded potentials. The upper bound part extends the corresponding result in an earlier work.
Morita theory for Hopf algebroids and presheaves of groupoids
Authors: Hovey Mark
Published: February 2007

Comodules over Hopf algebroids are of central importance in algebraic topology. It is well known that a Hopf algebroid is the same thing as a presheaf of groupoids on Aff , the opposite category of commutative rings. We show in this paper that a comodule is the same thing as a quasi-coherent sheaf over this presheaf of groupoids. We prove the general theorem that internal equivalences of presheaves of groupoids with respect to a Grothendieck topology T on Aff give rise to equivalences of categories of sheaves in that topology. We then show using faithfully flat descent that an internal equivalence in the flat topology gives rise to an equivalence of categories of quasi-coherent sheaves. The corresponding statement for Hopf algebroids is that weakly equivalent Hopf algebroids have equivalent categories of comodules. We apply this to formal group laws, where we get considerable generalizations of the Miller-Ravenel and Hovey-Sadofsky change of rings theorems in algebraic topology.
Conformal metrics and size of the boundary
Authors: Bonk Mario , Koskela Pekka
Published: February 2007

We establish a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the boundary associated with a conformal deformation of the Euclidean metric on the unit ball in [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] The deformations we consider are motivated by quasiconformal maps. Our abstract approach leads to new results on the boundary behavior of these maps. We prove a conjecture by Hanson on the compression of sets and obtain an improved version of the so-called wall theorem. We also establish a Riesz-Privalov theorem in higher dimensions.
Regularity of harmonic maps to trees
Authors: Sun Xiaofeng
Published: February 2007

We derive regularity theorems and local finiteness results in this paper. We first prove the ∈-regularity type theorem for harmonic maps to R -trees. That is when the order of a harmonic map at a point is sufficiently close to 1 then this point is a regular point. We then prove a regularity theorem near higher order points. We show that if the image of a fixed ball of a properly normalized harmonic map is sufficiently close to a subtree, then the image of a smaller ball of this map lies in that subtree. As an application we prove that the local image of a harmonic map to an R -tree lies in a finite homogeneous subtree.
Some remarks on the local moduli of tangent bundles over complex surfaces
Authors: Cheung Wing-Sum , Wong Bun , Yau Stephen S.-T.
Published: February 2007

Using the Hirzebruch's Riemann-Roch formula for endomorphism bundles over a compact complex two-fold we prove that the tangent bundle of a complex surface M of general type admits a nontrivial trace-free deformation, unless M is holomorphically covered by the euclidean ball. It follows that the tangent bundle of the Mostow-Siu surface, which is a Kähler surface with a negative definite curvature tensor, does have a nontrivial trace-free moduli. Among some other results we also point out a relationship between the Kuranishi obstruction and symmetric holomorphic two tensors on a complex surface.
On degeneration of one-dimensional formal group laws and applications to stable homotopy theory
Authors: Torii Takeshi
Published: February 2007

In this note we study a certain formal group law over a complete discrete valuation ring F [[ u n -1 ]] of characteristic p > 0 which is of height n over the closed point and of height n -1 over the generic point. By adjoining all coefficients of an isomorphism between the formal group law on the generic point and the Honda group law H n -1 of height n - 1, we get a Galois extension of the quotient field of the discrete valuation ring with Galois group isomorphic to the automorphism group S n -1 of H n -1 . We show that the automorphism group S n of the formal group over the closed point acts on the quotient field, lifting to an action on the Galois extension which commutes with the action of Galois group. We use this to construct a ring homomorphism from the cohomology of S n -1 to the cohomology of S n with coefficients in the quotient field. Applications of these results in stable homotopy theory and relation to the chromatic splitting conjecture are discussed.
The Lagrange bitop on so (4) × so (4) and geometry of the Prym varieties
Authors: Dragović Vladimir , Gajić Borislav
Published: February 2007

A four-dimensional integrable rigid-body system is considered and it is shown that it represents two twisted three-dimensional Lagrange tops. A polynomial Lax representation, which doesn't fit neither in Dubrovin's nor in Adler-van Moerbeke's picture is presented. The algebrogeometric integration procedure is based on deep facts from the geometry of the Prym varieties of double coverings of hyperelliptic curves: Mumford's relation and Mumford-Dalalyan theory. The correspondence between all such coverings with Prym varieties splitted as a sum of two varieties of the same dimension and the integrable hierarchy associated to the initial system is established.
Subversive Laughter: The Sayings of Courtesans in Book 13 of Athenaeus' Deipnosophistae
Authors: McClure Laura
Published: February 2007

Although the witticisms of courtesans recorded by
Athenaeus in Book 13 of the Deipnosophistae (577d-85f) comprise an
important source, if not of the actual words of hetaeras, at least of the
genres and verbal conventions identified with them, they have received
scant attention from classical scholars. The content and context of
these remarks reveal a complex verbal dynamic in which obscene punning
challenges normative class and gender categories and represents the
hetaera as in discursive control. By ventriloquizing these witticisms,
Athenaeus' interlocutors appropriate yet another aspect of Athenian
literary heritage to articulate their own self-presentation as they vie
for discursive status.
Smuggling Sex Through the Gates: Race, Sexuality, and the Politics of Space in Second Wave Feminism
Authors: Enke Anne
Published: February 2007

The "Second Wave" of feminism was a mass movement forged through acts that reconfigured the relationship among women, sexuality, and public space. But the sites of women's activism also engendered race and class hierarchies, despite diverse membership and anti-racist commitments. This article uses a case study -- the formation of A Woman's Coffee House in Minneapolis, Minnesota -- to show how activists shaped and gave meanings to race, class, gender, and sexuality in and through the conflicting stakes that they had in the places of their activism.
Narrative Technique in Theocritus's Idyll 12
Authors: Payne Mark
Published: February 2007

Theocritus's Idyll 12 is a monologue in which an unnamed speaker addresses a lover who has recently returned after an absence of some days. The poem has stylistic, formal and thematic affinities with the pastoral Idylls. On the other hand it is in the Ionic dialect, and contains no explicit indications of dramatic setting or of the speaker's fictional identity. I conclude therefore that Idyll 12 lies midway between Theocritus's Aeolic love poems, spoken by a persona of the poet himself, and the fully realized mise-en-sc�ne of the dramatic poems, composed in the Doric dialect.
Dating the City Wall, Fortifications, and the Palace Site at Pagan
Authors: Grave Peter , Barbetti Mike
Published: February 2007

The strengths and limitations of radiocarbon dating as applied to samples taken in and around the walled city center of Pagan, in Burma, are addressed. The last thousand years in mainland Southeast Asia remains a difficult period to date absolutely because of two critical issues. The first is the use of wood from long-lived species, such as teak, in archaeological contexts. The archaeologist dating such material must be aware of the significance of a date range that relates to the period when a tree was alive rather than to when the wood was actually used in the construction or reconstruction. The second issue stems from the character of the radiocarbon calibration curve for this time period. Several plateaux exist in the curve that seriously broaden the calendar age ranges deriving from uncalibrated high-precision dates. These effects are outlined using two areas sampled for radiocarbon dating at Pagan: the fortifications near the Tharaba Gate and a site within the old city walls, Inventory No. 1590, known as the palace.
The Martaban Trade: An Examination of the Literature from the Seventh Century until the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Gutman Pamela
Published: February 2007

Epigraphic and literary evidence for a pottery tradition in Lower Burma dating from the early centuries of the present era are discussed. The tradition is mentioned first in Buddhist texts, and is alluded to in Chinese and Indian histories. A Sanskrit inscription of around the eighth century A.D. referring to Kalasapura, the city of jars, coincides with finds at sites in Lower Burma where contact with both eastern India and Dvaravati is evidenced in unglazed wares. By the eleventh century, Mon people around the Gulf of Martaban, particularly between Twante and Moulmein, influenced the pottery of Pagan, seen in illustrations in frescoes and glazed terracotta plaques. Ports around this coastline were important links in the China-India porcelain trade and later in the export of Sawankhalok and other Siamese wares, as well as glazed wares from sites around the Gulf. Arab, Chinese, and European sources trace the history of this trade from the fourteenth century until its decline in the eighteenth century.
Contained Identities: The Demise of Yapese Clay Pots
Authors: Descantes Christophe
Published: February 2007

The loss of ceramic technology is widespread in Oceanic island societies. While this disappearance has taken place at different times, under different conditions, on different Pacific Islands, a model created by examining the technology loss of one soasian ciety may cast light on the contributing factors to the decline of ceramic production of other Oceanic contexts. A model to account for the relatively recent end of ceramic pot production and use on the island of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia, during the colonial period is offered. Ceramic manufacture on Yap was at least a 2000-year-old tradition before it ceased in the twentieth century. Relying on a historical approach that considers the social dynamics of pots and a combination of archaeological, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric records, the Yapese gradually replaced their ceramic vessel technology with metal pots because of new conditions encountered during contact and colonialism. Factors involved in the ease of replacement of ceramic pots include limited access to the specialized labor required to produce ceramic containers, the superior durability offered by the replacement technology, and the fact that ceramic pots were valued more for their function.
Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Madurai Region, Tamil Nadu, India: From c. 10,000 B.P. to c. A.D. 500
Authors: Selvakumar V.
Published: February 2007

Archaeological investigations undertaken in the upper Gundar Basin (Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India) between 1991 and 1996 have yielded evidence for the Mesolithic and Iron Age–Early Historic periods. The research has revealed that microlith-using hunter-gatherers continued to exist during the Iron Age and Early Historic periods, and interacted with agropastoral groups. This paper discusses the settlement system of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and interactions between the hunter-gatherers and the agropastoral groups of the Iron Age–Early Historic period.
Melanesian Tribes vs. Polynesian Chiefdoms: Recent Archaeological Assessment of a Classic Model of Sociopolitical Types in Oceania
Authors: Sand Christophe
Published: February 2007

The late prehistoric period is crucial to the study of anthropology, as the area of Island Melanesia has provided the world with one of its great anthropological stereotypes, the "Big Man" society. This was developed by Sahlins (1963) on the basis of Oliver's (1955) ethnography of the Siwai of southern Bougainville as observed during the late 1930s. It has led to a gross ethnographic oversimplification of Melanesia as having Big Man societies, contrasted with Polynesia having chiefly societies. Where chiefs were found in Melanesia, their presence has often been interpreted as a cultural borrowing under Polynesian influence (Spriggs 1993 : 198).
Ritual and Presentation in Early Buddhist Religious Architecture
Authors: Fogelin Lars
Published: February 2007

The physical organization and layout of Buddhist reliquary mounds,
stupas, provides a window into the forms of ritual practiced by
Buddhists in the first few centuries B.C. through the end of the second
century A.D. Specifically, the manner in which stupas were
architecturally presented informs upon the differences in ritual
presentation by the clergy and the laity. Attempts by the Buddhist clergy
to direct worship and establish a privileged position in regard to the
Buddha were resisted by the laity; in contrast, the laity attempted to
preserve the egalitarian aspects of Buddhism. Traces of the laity's
resistance can be identified in the architectural layouts of ritual spaces
of the early Buddhists. The organization of ritual within stupa
complexes also illustrates the methods used by early Buddhists to
foster group cohesion within a highly individualistic religious tradition.
Representing the Indus Body: Sex, Gender, Sexuality, and the Anthropomorphic Terracotta Figurines from Harappa
Authors: Clark Sharri R
Published: February 2007

Despite significant theoretical advances, there is still no universally accepted paradigm
for the investigation of sex and gender and little critical research on the subject
in South Asian archaeology. Without deciphered texts, artifacts such as figurines that
provide body imagery are invaluable in understanding these conceptions in ancient
societies. This paper is a critical examination of representations of the body in the
Indus civilization, focusing on the anthropomorphic terracotta figurines from Harappa
and using more flexible notions of sex, gender, and sexuality to explore Indus
conceptions of sexual difference as it relates to other aspects of social difference and
identity. The meaningful combinations of the attributes of the represented Indus
body may reflect complex and fluid concepts of sex, gender, and sexuality in Indus
society that differed from later traditions and varied beneath the cultural veneer of
the Indus Civilization with its unique ideology.
Chitradurga: Spatial Patterns of a Nayaka Period Successor State in South India
Authors: Lewis Barry , Patil Channabasappa S
Published: February 2007

South Indian historical accounts, inscriptions, and literature describe many attempts
at state formation and political independence by local elites between the collapse of
Vijayanagara control of its heartland in the sixteenth century and the eighteenthcentury
rise of British hegemony in the south. Most of these elites, known variously
as "little kings," nayakas, and poligars, did not survive long in the political turmoil of
the era. Those that did endure into the early nineteenth century were soon marginalized
or removed from power by East India Company policies and direct military
intervention. Archaeological site surveys, guided by contemporaneous East India
Company manuscript maps, fort inventories, building plans, and other records,
enable researchers to reconstruct and interpret major spatial patterns of the cultural
landscapes of these small polities. This approach, which the authors are currently
applying in their investigations of the Mysore kingdom, yields a fresh perspective of
South Indian little kings and chiefs that complements the work of historians and
contributes significantly to the understanding of the nature of these polities. This
article describes a case study of the major spatial patterns of the Chitradurga poligars
of central Karnataka, as they were in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
The results provide a fresh perspective on this poligar province and illustrate
the significant interpretative value of contemporaneous colonial documents for
archaeological site survey and spatial analyses in India.
Re-educating Namibia: The Early Years of Radical Education Reform, 1990-1995
Authors: Gonzales Michael C.
Published: February 2007

Following independence, the Namibian government saw primary education reform as a principal means of investing in human capital to promote socioeconomic development. This paper analyzes the efforts made during the first five years of the reform program. While emphasis on structural change, learner-centered education, and universality provided strong foundations for a democratic educational system, a difficult medium of instruction policy and insufficient attention to gender equity delayed a comprehensive transformation. This analysis calls for greater educator participation in implementing the pedagogical approach, altering the language-of-instruction policy, greater gender equity in resource allocation, and greater attention to sex and AIDS education.