bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervised multiple kernel learning approaches for multi-omics data integration
Authors: Briscik Mitja , Tazza Gabriele , Vidács László , Dillies Marie-Agnès , Déjean Sébastien
Published: November 2024

Background

Advances in high-throughput technologies have originated an ever-increasing availability of omics datasets. The integration of multiple heterogeneous data sources is currently an issue for biology and bioinformatics. Multiple kernel learning (MKL) has shown to be a flexible and valid approach to consider the diverse nature of multi-omics inputs, despite being an underused tool in genomic data mining.

Results

We provide novel MKL approaches based on different kernel fusion strategies. To learn from the meta-kernel of input kernels, we adapted unsupervised integration algorithms for supervised tasks with support vector machines. We also tested deep learning architectures for kernel fusion and classification. The results show that MKL-based models can outperform more complex, state-of-the-art, supervised multi-omics integrative approaches.

Conclusion

Multiple kernel learning offers a natural framework for predictive models in multi-omics data. It proved to provide a fast and reliable solution that can compete with and outperform more complex architectures. Our results offer a direction for bio-data mining research, biomarker discovery and further development of methods for heterogeneous data integration.
Post COVID-19 vaccination coverage recovery model
Authors: Piano Marina Giuliana Del , Russo Marina , Vassallo Francesca , Buono Pietro , Ciarambino Tiziana , Carbone Carmine , Russo Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Vaccination is a crucial tool for the primary prevention of infectious diseases. Thanks to the widespread of vaccinations it has been possible to eradicate very serious diseases. Unfortunately, vaccination coverage in Italy has been decreasing starting from 2015, getting worse during COVID-19. Nowadays, very few Italian regions have achieved the goal of 95% coverage. In this study we present a vaccination recovery model proposed by Local Health Department “Napoli 3 Sud” in Campania. An evaluation of the vaccination coverage from January 2019 to December 2021 of the 13 Districts of the Local Health Department “Napoli 3 Sud” in Campania was carried out, by extraction from the regional computerized platform “GE.VA” Regional Vaccine Registry and from Sinfonia Vaccini Soresa platform. Vaccination coverage of the Local Health Department “Napoli 3 Sud” for the cohorts of newborns in the year 2019–2021 improved to an average of 96.29% for Pneumococco, of 84.78% for Meningococcal, of 94.3% for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, 91.4% for chickenpox. This study highlights how the collaboration between family pediatricians and the Local Health Department, with the help of a regional computerized platform GE.VA, is effective in improving vaccination coverage.
High Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever incidence linked to greater genetic diversity and differentiation in Hyalomma marginatum populations in Türkiye
Authors: Hekimoğlu Olcay , Sağlam İsmail K.
Published: November 2024

Background

Ticks are crucial vectors of a wide range of pathogens, posing significant threats to human and animal health globally. Understanding the genetic basis of tick biology and host–parasite interactions is essential for developing effective control programs. This study investigates the fine-scale genetic structure of Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, the primary vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Türkiye. Despite its significant public health importance, information regarding its population structure and genetic diversity is quite limited.

Methods

We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to obtain genome-wide sequence data from 10 tick populations in Türkiye, collected from regions with low, moderate, and high incidence rates of CCHF. Based on these data, we determined population structure and diversity of populations using principal component analysis (PCA) and admixture analysis. Furthermore, we calculated pairwise FST and utilized discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to understand genetic differentiation between populations.

Results

PCA and admixture analysis indicated minimal genetic structure between populations, but we detected notable genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity from regions with high CCHF rates. Furthermore, our DAPC identified 31 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with regions with high CCHF incidence, with 25 SNPs located near genes involved in critical biological functions such as nucleic acid binding, transmembrane transport, and proteolysis. These findings suggest that genetic variations in these regions may confer adaptive advantages in environments with high pathogen loads.

Conclusions

This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of H. marginatum genetic diversity in Türkiye, revealing significant differentiation in populations from CCHF-endemic regions. These results underscore the importance of considering fine-scale genetic diversity to fully understand the drivers of genetic variation in ticks and their implications for vectorial capacity.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of chronic exogenous oxytocin administration on exercise performance and cardiovagal control in hypobaric hypoxia in rats
Authors: Salazar-Ardiles Camila , Cornejo Carlos , Paz Cristobal , Vasquez-Muñoz Manuel , Arce-Alvarez Alexis , Rodriguez-Fernandez Maria , Millet Gregoire P. , Izquierdo Mikel , Andrade David C.
Published: November 2024

Background

Outstanding exercise performance has been associated with an exacerbated vagal outflow. Nevertheless, during high-altitude hypobaric-hypoxia (HH), there is a baroreflex-dependent parasympathetic withdrawal and exercise performance deterioration. Notably, vagal control is pivotal in exercise performance, and exogenous oxytocin (OXY) administration has been shown to enhance parasympathetic drive; however, no evidence shows their role in exercise performance during HH. Then, this study aimed to examine the effect of prolonged exogenous oxytocin (OXY) administration on exercise performance during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in rats.

Results

A vehicle group (n = 6) and an OXY group (n = 6) performed incremental exercise and baroreflex tests during both normobaric normoxia (NN) and HH (PO2: 100 mmHg, simulated 3,500 m) prior (pre-) and after (post-) 14 days of administration. The results showed that at pre-, there were no significant differences in exercise performance between the two groups, while at post-, the OXY group exhibited similar performance between NN and HH, while the Vehicle group maintained a significant decline in performance at HH compared to NN. At post-, the Vehicle group also demonstrated a reset in the baroreflex and a worse bradycardic response in HH, which was reversed in the OXY group, while the hypoxic ventilatory response was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

The findings suggest prolonged OXY administration prevents impaired exercise performance and vagal control during short-term HH.
Congenital rubella syndrome and its protean manifestation in Nigeria
Authors: Papka Nubwa Yusufu , Okoro Chinwe Chioma , Anani Esther , Raji Maryam Abdulrahman , Chinawa Josephat M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) arises from intrauterine infections with the rubella virus especially during the first trimester of pregnancy. It affects various systems resulting in disastrous outcomes.

Case presentation

We present four cases of congenital rubella syndrome each manifesting a constellation of clinical features, some of which are cross-cutting with the aim of raising awareness among clinicians who may be involved in its management.

Conclusion

Congenital rubella syndrome is a deleterious condition with protean manifestations as demonstrated by the series presented in this report. The burden of CRS in developing countries still exists and can be curbed via immunization programme, introduction and strengthening of surveillance programme.
Multidetector CT of the postoperative sigmoid colon and rectum: Imaging of common complications
Authors: Vassalou Evangelia E. , Perysinakis Iraklis , Michelakis Dimosthenis , Karantanas Apostolos H. , de Bree Eelco
Published: November 2024

Background

Colorectal surgery is associated with a high complication rate. Imaging has an essential role in the postoperative assessment of the colon and rectum, being able to delineate early and late complications. Multidetector CT is the first-line imaging modality for assessing complications in the early and late postoperative period.

Main body of the abstract

Familiarity with the surgical techniques, the incidence and appearance of common postoperative complications is essential for accurate characterization of the imaging features and prompt diagnosis. Herein, we describe the main surgical procedures related to the sigmoid colon and rectum and the imaging characteristics of the most common postoperative complications with emphasis on CT, together with brief clinical notes.

Short conclusion

Complications following colorectal surgery represent a major concern. Imaging plays a vital role in the assessment of the postsurgical sigmoid colon and rectum, with CT being the modality of choice in most of the cases. Knowledge of the imaging appearance of common complications, in conjunction with the surgical and clinical history, is essential for facilitating a prompt diagnosis and guide early management.
Race 1 of
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
cubense
: the threat of banana cultivation in Central and Eastern Kenya
Authors: Malaka Samuel Musime , Thuranira David Mwongera , Mwangi Maina , Nchore Shem Bonuke , Lubabali Hudson Alumiro , Kuria Sylvia , Asava Kennedy Kagoni , Omari Daniel Omingo , Gichuru Elijah Kathurima , Alworah Getrude Okutoyi , Gathambiri Charity Wangari
Published: November 2024

Background

Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) caused by
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
cubense
(Foc) is of economic importance in Kenya. The disease is widespread and currently causing havoc to bananas in the main growing regions of Eastern and Central Kenya. There is no information on the pathotypes associated with the spate of infections observed in these regions. This study was undertaken to identify the races of the pathogen involved and their pathogenicity on banana.

Methods

A total of 41 Foc isolates were collected from symptomatic banana plants in Central Kenya. The
Fusarium
strains isolated were identified based on morphological characteristics and screened using a PCR-based assay with race-specific primers for Foc races 1, 2, and 4. We further evaluated the pathogenicity of a subset of 24 isolates on the banana variety Gros Mitchel, a universally susceptible variety to Fusarium wilt. Conidia were harvested from 14-days-old Foc cultures grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and inoculated onto eight-weeks-old tissue-cultured banana seedlings by dipping the seedlings into the inoculum solution. Disease severity was assessed weekly by the extent of chlorosis and vascular discoloration and at the end of the experiment, 140 days post-inoculation, respectively. Root and shoot dry weights were collected at the end of the experiment. The experiment was undertaken using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) experimental design with four replicates and repeated twice. The collected data were subjected to ANOVA and area under disease progress stairs to determine the virulence of the isolates.

Results

Our results indicate that all the 24 isolates were pathogenic to Gross Mitchel to a varying extent and 29 isolates belonged to race 1 of the pathogen. Twelve isolates tested negative for race 1, race 2 and race 4.

Conclusions

The
Fusarium
isolates tested in this study belonged mainly to Foc race 1, except 12 isolates which tested negative using Foc specific primers. There is a need to investigate the isolates further, with VCGs and sequencing studies, as well as to characterize their virulence on the differential set of banana varieties.
Human cytomegalovirus: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment
Authors: Shang Zifang , Li Xin
Published: November 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a significant global health challenge, particularly for immunocompromised individuals and newborns. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on HCMV pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment strategies. We examine the molecular mechanisms of HCMV entry, focusing on the structure and function of key envelope glycoproteins (gB, gH/gL/gO, gH/gL/pUL128-131) and their interactions with cellular receptors such as PDGFRα, NRP2, and THBD. The review explores HCMV’s sophisticated immune evasion strategies, including interference with pattern recognition receptor signaling, modulation of antigen presentation, and regulation of NK and T cell responses. We highlight recent advancements in developing neutralizing antibodies, various vaccine strategies (live-attenuated, subunit, vector-based, DNA, and mRNA), antiviral compounds (both virus-targeted and host-targeted), and emerging cellular therapies such as TCR-T cell approaches. By integrating insights from structural biology, immunology, and clinical research, we identify critical knowledge gaps and propose future research directions. This analysis aims to stimulate cross-disciplinary collaborations and accelerate the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies for HCMV infections, addressing a significant unmet medical need.
Automated Electronic Health Record Data Extraction and Curation Using ExtractEHR
Authors: Miller Tamara P. , Getz Kelly D. , Krause Edward , Jo Yun Gun , Charapala Sandhya , Gramatges M. Monica , Rabin Karen , Scheurer Michael E. , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Fisher Brian T. , Aplenc Richard
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Although the potential transformative effect of electronic health record (EHR) data on clinical research in adult patient populations has been very extensively discussed, the effect on pediatric oncology research has been limited. Multiple factors contribute to this more limited effect, including the paucity of pediatric cancer cases in commercial EHR-derived cancer data sets and phenotypic case identification challenges in pediatric federated EHR data.

METHODS

The ExtractEHR software package was initially developed as a tool to improve clinical trial adverse event reporting but has expanded its use cases to include the development of multisite EHR data sets and the support of cancer cohorts. ExtractEHR enables customized, automated data extraction from the EHR that, when implemented across multiple hospitals, can create pediatric cancer EHR data sets to address a very wide range of research questions in pediatric oncology. After ExtractEHR data acquisition, EHR data can be cleaned and graded using CleanEHR and GradeEHR, companion software packages.

RESULTS

ExtractEHR has been installed at four leading pediatric institutions: Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Texas Children's Hospital, and Seattle Children's Hospital.

CONCLUSION

ExtractEHR has supported multiple use cases, including five clinical epidemiology studies, multicenter clinical trials, and cancer cohort assembly. Work is ongoing to develop Fast Health care Interoperability Resources ExtractEHR and implement other sustainability and scalability enhancements.
Recommendation for Clarifying FDA Policy in Evaluating “Sameness” of Higher Order Structure for Generic Peptide Therapeutics
Authors: Rogers-Crovak Jessica A. , Delaney Edward J. , Detlefsen David J.
Published: November 2024

Recognizing the approach of a dramatic expansion of peptide therapeutics reaching the marketplace in recent years, led by GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide and liraglutide, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) branch of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final guidance in 2021 that was intended to assist generic drug producers in meeting Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) obligations to establish “sameness” of their active peptide drug relative to that produced by innovator companies. Research and a published report by FDA scientists on best practices followed, which promulgated the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and principal component analysis (PCA) and established a quantitative standard by which “sameness” of higher order structure for the applicant’s peptide drug could be judged. A key requirement is that drug product samples be analyzed directly and non-invasively, a condition which in practice restricts sample modification to the addition of a small amount of deuterium oxide to allow signal lock and spectral data alignment (as required for NMR analysis). In the study described herein, data are presented to illustrate that 1) relatively small differences in sample pH can cause significant shifting of certain proton resonances, 2) that such resonance shifting is readily reversible and due to the degree of protonation of specific amino acid residues (rather than reflecting differences in higher order structure), and 3) that small differences in pH variability between sample cohorts can frequently cause failure to meet the quantitative benchmark established by the agency. Methodology is presented by which drug sample pHs can be aligned with minimal impact, and a recommendation is made that minor sample pH adjustments be allowed in assessing “sameness” of peptide drug higher order structure.

Graphical Abstract
Navigating Misplaced Catheters: How Point-of-Care Ultrasound Averted Sternotomy
Authors: Sarkar Arin Gopal , Chilakapati Sirisha , Mohammed Sadik , Das Anupam , Rajagopal Rengarajan
Published: November 2024

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has established its role as a “third eye of a clinician” by virtue of its ability to provide real-time visual information. The present case highlights the role of POCUS in an 11-year-old girl with a misplaced hemodialysis catheter scheduled for surgical exploration with the removal of the catheter and direct arterial repair.
Taking a Book for a Walk: A Conversation with Dayanita Singh
Authors: Boetker-Smith Daniel
Published: November 2024

In this extensive interview conducted over a number of sessions, offset artist, bookmaker, and photographer Dayanita Singh talks through her career with Daniel Boetker-Smith. They discuss the generation of some of Singh's most highly regarded books, her education, and her professional relationships with Walter Keller (Scalo) and Gerhard Steidl (Steidl). The conversation delves into her bookmaking philosophy and how this unique approach has crossed over into her exhibition practices.
Task-Dependent Mechanisms Underlying Prolonged Low-Frequency Force Depression
Authors: Richards Andrew J. , Watanabe Daiki , Yamada Takashi , Westerblad Håkan , Cheng Arthur J.
Published: November 2024

Prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD) is an intramuscular phenomenon involving the slow recovery of submaximal muscle strength following strenuous exercise. We hypothesize that the contribution of impaired excitation-contraction coupling processes to PLFFD is task dependent, and that they will be different between metabolically and mechanically demanding exercises. We also discuss evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to mitigate PLFFD.
Reporting of angiographic studies in patients diagnosed with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review
Authors: Das Suparna , Kasher Paul , Waqar Mueez , Parry-Jones Adrian , Patel Hiren
Published: November 2024

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is an abnormal tangle of cerebral blood vessels. The consensus document by the Joint Writing Group (JWG) highlighted which cAVM features should be recorded. Subsequent publications have reported cAVM angioarchitecture, but it is unknown if all followed the JWG recommendations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe use of the JWG guidelines. A database search, using the PRISMA checklist, was performed. We describe the proportion of publications that used JWG reporting standards, which standards were used, whether the definitions used differed from the JWG, or if any additional angiographic features were reported. Out of 4306 articles identified, 105 were selected, and a further 114 from other sources. Thirty-three studies (33/219; 15%) specifically referred to using JWG standards. Since the JWG publication, few studies have used their standards to report cAVMs. This implies that the angioarchitecture of cAVMs are not routinely fully described.
Death anxiety scale (DAS): internal structure and factorial invariance in Peruvian adults
Authors: De La Cruz-Valdiviano Carlos , Bazán-Ramirez Aldo , Olivas-Ugarte Lincol , Quijano-Pacheco Juan
Published: November 2024

Background Studies have this reported the presence of death anxiety, ranging from near-death experiences to physically ill people, to a simple thought about death, as well as when it is associated with states of loneliness. The Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), based on Eysenk’s incubation theory, has been adapted and validated in different contexts and is still insufficient in countries such as Peru. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the DAS, its internal structure, and factorial invariance. Methods An online scale was used in 1248 Peruvians aged between 18 and 70 years (M= 27.37, SD= 11.29) from all regions. DAS was validated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity, measurement invariance, and internal consistency (reliability). Results Psychometric properties were found with adequate values in its structure and validity based on the internal structure through exploratory factor analysis, where it was found that the components of the scale are interrelated and the data matrix is factorizable. model of three specific factors and a general factor is presented, which is consistent with the theory and has practical utility, revealing adequate statistical values that reflect acceptable levels of reliability. Finally, there was fairness according to sex and age group of the scale by means of factorial invariance analysis. Conclusions Our results indicate adequate psychometric properties and facilitate a better data collection process for future research.
Comparison of Scapulohumeral rhythm in individuals with and without Forward Shoulder Posture
Authors: Balthillaya M Ganesh , H Shalini , Reddy Indu , R. Velingkar Kiransha , Chettiar Eliseus , S Divya , Krishna Rao Bhamini , Bhat N Shyamasunder
Published: November 2024

Background Forward Shoulder Posture (FSP) is one of the most common postural deviations of the upper back, which may affect the scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR). This study aimed to investigate changes in scapulohumeral rhythm during scapular plane shoulder abduction between individuals with and without FSP. Methods A cross sectional study with two group comparison. Young adults with FSP (N=39) with a forward shoulder angle ≥ 52°and without FSP(N=40) with a forward shoulder angle < 52° were recruited for the study. Scapular upward rotation was measured with the help of two inclinometers during scapular plane shoulder abduction, at resting shoulder abduction, at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and at full range of shoulder abduction, and SHR was calculated. The scapulohumeral rhythm was compared between the two groups using an independent t test. Results Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference in scapulohumeral rhythm at 30°(p=0.004), 60°(p=0.013), and 90°(p=0.009) shoulder abduction between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the other ranges of shoulder abduction between the two groups. Conclusion Forward shoulder posture alters the scapulohumeral rhythm between 30 ° and 90°shoulder abduction. Clinicians, trainers, and sports therapists should be aware of this change to intervene at an early stage and prevent the development of pathological conditions around the shoulder.
Are human brain organoids cloned human individuals? An ethical analysis
Authors: Kataoka Masanori , Ota Koji , Savulescu Julian , Sawai Tsutomu
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been much ethical debate about human brain organoid research. However, the possibility that human brain organoids might be human individuals has not been examined. This is an important issue because if human brain organoids are human individuals, then the creation of human brain organoids could be a form of human reproductive cloning. We examine the implications of two mainstream bioethical views on the nature of human individuals for human brain organoids: (1) Functional Integration Theory, the view that the capacity to integrate vital functions is the criterion for human individuality, and (2) Mental State Theory, the view that some mental capacity is the criterion for human individuality. We find that under either theory of human individuality, human brain organoids could be human individuals in the future. According to a version of Functional Integration Theory that locates the integrative function in the human brainstem (Brainstem Theory), a well-developed human brainstem organoid can be a human individual. Further, on Mental State Theory, a human brain organoid with certain mental capacities can be a human individual. Our results, combined with the ban on human reproductive cloning, may provide some reasons to be more cautious in human brain organoid research. Alternatively, in light of the progress in human brain organoid research, it may be necessary to reconsider the ethics and laws surrounding human reproductive cloning. This research paves the way for the first time to examine the question of great ethical importance whether human brain organoids can be human individuals, and encourages further consideration.
Understanding of Business Ethics in Nations Through a Comparison of American and Turkish Business Ethics Literature
Authors: Kalemci Rabia Arzu , Özkan İlayda
Published: November 2024

This study aims to contribute to field studies by discussing how the sources of hypernorms in different countries with different cultural contexts affect different understanding of business ethics based on a content analysis of articles published in Turkey and the United States of America retrieved from academic databases querying ‘business ethics’ in their titles. Results for Turkey show that the historically- and culturally-rooted understanding of sovereign state manifests itself both in its national business system, paternalistic features and a high-power-distance society. As a result of the sovereign state ideology, the dominant local economic community in Turkey is the state which can lay down ethical norms for its members through micro-social contracts. This ultimately lays the groundwork for the emergence of a context-specific business ethics approach. By contrast, the dominant local economic community seems to be the corporations in the USA where the micro-social contract may include that establishing strong ethical principles is the responsibility of corporations as the state does not fully regulate the relationship between individuals and businesses.
The role of mobile applications and online platforms in the rehabilitation process of patients with coronary heart disease: a literature review
Authors: Bielecka Larysa , Bielecka Klaudia
Published: November 2024

IntroductionNowadays, diseases of the circulatory system, such as coronary heart disease, are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation, a complex, interdisciplinary intervention, aims to improve cardiovascular function, enhance quality of life, and reduce mortality risk. In the era of mobile technology development, mobile applications and online platforms supporting cardiac rehabilitation are gaining increasing importance. 
 
Aim of the study
The aim of this study is to review the literature on the effectiveness of digital tools as support mechanisms in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease, and to compare their effectiveness with traditional medical care.
 
Materials and MethodsA review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in 2024 regarding the use of mobile and online applications in cardiac rehabilitation was conducted. Five studies meeting specific selection criteria were identified.
 
Results
Research shows that mobile applications and online platforms effectively support the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease, achieving results comparable to or better than traditional care. Programs such as RehaPlus+ and mHealth improve physical activity, mental resilience, quality of life, and reduce stress and anxiety. Users of applications such as eMOTIVA and MCARE achieve better results in terms of diet, physical activity, and general well-being. These interventions also promote regular communication with the therapist, which supports the individualization of rehabilitation.
 
Conclusions
Rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease using mobile applications or online platforms is equally effective as, or more effective than, standard medical care.
Un perro que ladra, pero no muerde. El ejercicio profesional del periodismo argentino durante la pandemia del Covid-19
Authors: Ferrero Martina , Sarasqueta Gonzalo , Olmedo Samantha , Mellado Claudia
Published: November 2024

Se analiza el ejercicio periodístico, específicamente el rol del perro guardián y el rol intervencionista, en Argentina durante el primer año de la pandemia del Covid-19. Se conforma un universo de 5367 noticias, producidas por los diez medios de comunicación con mayor alcance del país. Para lograr una muestra representativa y completa del sistema mediático, se escogen medios digitales, radiales, televisivos y gráficos. Se procede a un análisis de contenido durante tres fases: i) pre-Covid-19, ii) aislamiento social preventivo obligatorio (aspo) y iii) distanciamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (Dispo). El periodismo argentino ejerce el rol del perro guardián con una intensidad baja (31 % de presencia en el total del corpus de noticias), sin una variación temporal significativa durante las tres etapas mencionadas; y el rol intervencionista se practica con una intensidad media (58,7 % de presencia en el total del corpus de noticias), también sin una variación temporal significativa. La pandemia del Covid-19 no alteró el ejercicio periodístico en Argentina. Desde el regreso de la democracia en 1983, el periodismo realiza una investigación limitada del poder. Se observa un periodismo que se inclina hacia la adjetivación, la interpretación y la explicitación del punto de vista.
Dizziness, light-headedness or a clot-in-transit: obtaining a history and physical exam is both a science and an art
Authors: Hoskote Abhinav , Sudadi Shreya , Dembo Brent , Consolini Michelle , Kashyap Rahul
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) rarely presents with dizziness as the primary complaint, which can delay diagnosis. We report a rare case of dizziness as the chief complaint for a clot-in-transit and extensive bilateral pulmonary emboli. Case description: A 70-year-old woman presented to the emergency room (ER) with dizziness and a fall, without reporting loss of consciousness. Her symptoms included positional dizziness, tinnitus and visual darkness, alongside prior exertional fatigue and dull chest pressure. Despite a history of left leg oedema and inconsistent use of medications for hypertension and diabetes, initial examinations suggested vestibular neuritis and decompensated heart failure, confirmed by echocardiogram findings and response to prednisone. While hospitalised, she experienced pre-syncope after showering, initially deemed vasovagal. However, exertional hypotension led to further investigation, revealing right heart strain. Ultrasound identified a left popliteal deep vein thrombosis, and a computed tomography (CT) angiogram confirmed extensive bilateral pulmonary emboli with right heart strain. Cardiology discovered large, mobile thrombi in transit in the heart, necessitating an urgent mechanical thrombectomy. Following treatment, her pulmonary pressure improved, and she was discharged on anticoagulation medicine. One month later, an echocardiogram showed normalised heart function. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of differentiating dizziness from pre-syncope, as exertional pre-syncope can indicate an obstructive physiology such as VTE. Cognitive bias can obscure diagnosis in atypical presentations. A pulmonary embolism response team could improve management of these cases, where prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for favourable outcomes.
TRABALHO, CULTURA E IDENTIDADE NAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Amboni Vanderlei , Brandão Elias
Published: November 2024

O estudo a respeito do trabalho, cultura e identidade nas diretrizes curriculares da Educação do Campo do Paraná, com um olhar para os povos do campo, águas e florestas, partirá da categoria trabalho e suas múltiplas determinações gestadas na divisão social do trabalho e na inserção do Brasil na economia internacional, visando compreender o que ocorre no campo da educação, com um olhar para relações de trabalho no interior da economia do Paraná, constitutivas do processo e expressões das lutas de classes no modo de produção capitalista. Objetiva estudar os quatro eixos temáticos das diretrizes curriculares da educação do campo, quais sejam: “Trabalho: divisão social e territorial”; “Cultura e identidade”; “Interdependência campo-cidade, questão agrária e desenvolvimento sustentável” e “Organização política, movimentos sociais e cidadania”. Justifica-se para contribuir com o desenvolvimento do conhecimento de educadores e educandos no processo formativo e o procedimento metodológico foi documental, com recorte para os eixos das diretrizes curriculares da educação do Paraná de 2006, visto serem as problemáticas centrais a serem focalizadas nos conteúdos escolares”, resultado de debates realizados por movimentos e organizações sociais e que contribuiu para nortear os trabalhos pedagógicos nas escolas do e no campo no Paraná.
Restoration of the worn dentition using aesthetic dental materials: an evidence-based guide to technique and material selection
Authors: Mehta Shamir B , Banerji Subir , Feito Jose Suarez , Loomans Bas AC
Published: November 2024

There are several techniques and dental materials that can be used for the restorative rehabilitation of the worn dentition. Currently, however, there is the lack of clear scientific data to support the superiority of any given approach. An evidence-based overview is presented in this article, to help clinicians navigate this difficult decision-making process.

CPD/Clinical Relevance:

This article collates the research, aiming to appraise the current techniques and materials available for the restorative rehabilitation of the worn dentition.
Anterior aesthetics without dysfunction: a case report. Part 1: the operative dental procedure
Authors: OBE Raj Raja Rayan
Published: November 2024

Marketing cosmetic dentistry is financially fashionable. Anterior aesthetic reconstructions are an artform showcasing the dental technician's skill. There is a perceived concern that anterior reconstructions that do not consider the functional features of the mutually protected occlusion, may, in susceptible patients, lead to dysfunction with its possible consequences. This series of three articles examines the restoration of worn upper anterior teeth with a plan for failure.

CPD/Clinical Relevance:

The mutually protected occlusion.
Top Tips
Authors: Hogg Kyle D
Published: November 2024

Clinical relevance:

Controlling white and pink aesthetics is important in predictably providing patients with aesthetic implant restorations. Understanding how the contours of the abutment and crown can be prescribed, manipulated, and confirmed can hold the key to success.
Advancing just and sustainable urban transitions: strengthening the role(s) of African universities
Authors: Patel Zarina
Published: November 2024

The distinctiveness of urban processes and dynamics in Africa are of global significance. Achieving sustainable transitions in African cities must necessarily engage with theory and practice, which are derived out of context, and applied in systems and structures that are not globally understood. As sites of knowledge production, universities on the continent have a key role to play in addressing Sustainable Development Goal 11, which seeks to make cities sustainable. The ‘third mission’ of universities, which involves shaping societal benefits, extends their traditional mandates of research and higher education teaching beyond and across academic disciplines, to engage in local and global partnerships. Evidence from a range of knowledge co-production programmes anchored at African universities show that transdisciplinary approaches have made positive contributions to society. With the goal of realising the full potential of sustainability transitions, a network of scholars convened around a series of workshops to understand and enhance the effectiveness of the New African Urban University. Through processes of knowledge exchange, the network showed that realising the full potential is hampered by challenges of working across and beyond disciplines, highlighting the structural and systemic shifts required within African universities. Furthermore, partnering across the Global North and South in international transdisciplinary programmes is beset by power dynamics that shape assumptions and practices based on universalised assumptions about both theory and practice. This article outlines dimensions of an agenda to inform a more global and inclusive positioning of African universities as agents of social change.
Mary Niles Maack: Scholar, Teacher, Mentor, and Friend
Authors: Mediavilla Cindy
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The life and career of University of California, Los Angeles professor and scholar Mary Niles Maack are examined through her writings and the firsthand memories of family, friends, colleagues, and former students. Maack was a renowned expert on international librarianship and women's studies but also an influential role model and mentor. Her legacy lives on in her publications as well as in the accomplishments of her students.
Care Ethics for French Twenty-First-Century Librarians: Examining Ecologie Documentaire and an Ethics of Care for the Environment
Authors: Bats Raphaëlle
Published: November 2024

Abstract: For Mary Niles Maack, the ethics of care was central to librarianship. She viewed it as foundational to libraries' history and mission of providing equal access and services to everyone. While there is much disillusionment today about progress, collective living conditions, and the future of the earth, we need to rethink the ethics of care in libraries with new perspectives on the vulnerabilities of patrons (caring about), ways of responding to the needs of vulnerable beings (care receiving), and the consequences for librarians of developing appropriate skills and responsibilities (caregiving and caring for). In this article, I look at these issues to see how they are already reflected in current library practices and services with an emphasis on their development in francophone countries. I observe that the increase in scope of the ethics of care from a human perspective to a living perspective opens new ways for libraries to be ethical, political, safe, and yet, also subversive places. By extending the ethics of care to all sentient beings, in listening to everyone's stories and giving them a voice, in preserving these narratives in their catalogs, librarians promote a profession dedicated to the equal treatment of all.
Performance Scripts of Richard III throughout Theatrical History
Authors: Falocco Joe
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This article argues that a false dichotomy between “Shakespeare” and “Cibber” has hindered analysis of Richard III ’s performance history. The perceived competition between the Bard of Avon and the hero of the Dunciad has led historians to minimize the importance of truly original adaptations, such as the one performed by John Barrymore in 1920. This article asserts that Richard III is neither a single play by Shakespeare nor a single adaptation by Cibber but instead, as Margaret Jane Kidnie describes, “a dynamic process that evolves over time in response to the needs and sensibilities of its users” (2). The goal of this essay is to advance this understanding of the play so that scholars and practitioners can better appreciate the contributions of theatrical innovators like the Barrymore team.
The Buddha’s Life in Parallel Couplets: A Hagiography of Tathāgata Śākyamuni’s Attaining Enlightenment Attributed to Wang Bo
Authors: Chan Timothy Wai Keung
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay is a study of “A Record of Tathāgata Śākyamuni’s Attaining Enlightenment” (“Shijia rulai chengdao ji” 釋迦如來成道記; hereafter, Chengdao ji ) attributed to Wang Bo 王勃 (650–676?). The writing is so elegant that no suspicion has been raised against this attribution in relevant scholarship, but in fact the attribution is dubious and therefore is the foremost issue to address. Studied in connection with related genres, Buddhist references, Wang Bo’s idiosyncrasies in literary composition, and relevant historical background, the false attribution of the Chengdao ji is demonstrated. The piece originally belonged to the genre of the stele inscription ( bei 碑), which is typically composed of a “preface” ( xu 序) followed by an “inscription” ( ming 銘) in verse form. It later came to be called a ji 記 (record) mainly because of its narrative nature. Based on the intellectual and literary background, especially how the genre developed into exquisite parallel prose in the preface, the present study evaluates the innovation and aesthetic appeal achieved by the Chengdao ji with a focus on its visual and aural effects, as well as the art of repetition. These marked rhetorical devices are decisive in this recast version of the Buddha’s life, his teachings, and the formation of the religion and its lineage, all in highly artistic literary forms of parallel prose and pentasyllabic verse. The appendix is an annotated translation of the Chengdao ji .
A Winter’s Night in Chang’an
Authors: Kroll Paul W.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: It is suggested that sometimes, in contrast to prevailing critical imperatives, we not only can but even should be satisfied with the pleasure that a text, considered for its literary merit and emotional effect, can provide. Here the focus is on a brief prose text from the early ninth century, whose author is temporarily concealed as inessential for the immediate reading experience. He is later identified, with comments about his life and other works.
Comparison of ranging precision of a dual-comb with different phase-locking methods
Authors: Shi Jin , Meng Fei , Liang Cui , Lin Baike , Tian Haochen , Fang Zhanjun , Huang Tengchao
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the time-of-flight (TOF) ranging precision of a dual-comb system, utilizing three distinct phase-locking methods. We continuously collected ranging values over a period of approximately 20 min, then compared the ranging precision across averaging times spanning from 1 µm to 262 s, during which the Allan deviation floor of the TOF ranging is also determined. The results highlight that the dual-comb with two frequency modes locked to two cavity-stabilized continuous-wave (CW) lasers sustains superior ranging precision, achieving an Allan deviation floor of 35 nm at an averaging time of 8 s. Locking the repetition frequencies to a hydrogen maser results in lower precision in comparison to the free-running method for averaging times under 16 µm, and thereafter matches to the free-running precision up to an averaging time of 8 s. These findings are further analyzed through the relative phase noise of the dual-comb’s repetition frequencies.
2-W continuous-wave and passively Q-switched Tm,Ho:YLF channeled waveguide laser at 2.05 µm
Authors: Ayevi Berke , Morova Yagız , Morova Berna , Damiano Eugenio , Tonelli Mauro , Sennaroglu Alphan
Published: November 2024

We report on the operation of an efficient Tm,Ho:YLF depressed cladding, channeled waveguide laser in both continuous-wave (CW) and passively Q-switched (PQS) regimes, producing laser emission at the wavelength of 2.05 µm. The 70-µm diameter depressed cladding waveguide, fabricated using femtosecond laser inscription, had a low propagation loss value of 0.14 dB/cm and a refractive index contrast of 8.3 × 10−4. In the CW regime, the waveguide laser was excited at 780 nm, and an output power of up to 2 W was generated at the incident pump power of 4.14 W with a power slope efficiency of 50.0%. PQS operation was further realized by utilizing a Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber (SA), whereby the waveguide laser generated as short as 19.6-ns pulses with a power slope efficiency of 18.9%.
Wearable multifunctional optical sensor based on Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles and tapered U-shaped fiber
Authors: Li Jingyun , Li Haoyu , Long Zheyu , Meng Lei , Guo Honglian , Lv Min
Published: November 2024

Wearable sensors with multiple functions are attracting significant attention due to their broad applications in health monitoring and human–computer interaction. Despite significant progress in wearable sensors, it is a significant challenge to monitor temperature and stress simultaneously with a single sensor. A wearable multifunctional optical sensor based on Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles and a tapered U-shaped fiber is proposed to monitor both temperature and stress in this paper. Temperature resolution of about 0.16℃ is achieved by monitoring the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) around 562 nm and 522 nm emitted by Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Gd2O3 phosphors, which are integrated in a single-mode fiber (SMF). The stress measurement is obtained by monitoring the fluorescence intensity change around 522 nm, which is insensitive to temperature. The results show that the pressure sensitivity and low detection limit are 7% kPa−1 and 127 Pa, respectively. In addition, the response time of 20 ms are achieved for stress sensing. As a proof-of-concept, human skin temperature and heart and respiratory rates are detected before and after exercise by positioning the sensing probe on the wrist. Furthermore, heart and respiratory rates in different parts of the body are also monitored, which are in good agreement with one another. The results demonstrate that the proposed wearable multifunctional optical sensor has huge potential for health monitoring.
HoloGPT: Computer-Generated Hologram Using Generative Pre-Trained Transformer
Authors: Wang Julang
Published: November 2024

Computer-generated holograms (CGHs) enable a plethora of applications, such as immersive 3D displays. However, existing iterative algorithms are constrained by their high computational demands, resulting in significant delays that hinder real-time applications. Generative neural networks offer a promising alternative for fast, high-quality hologram generation. Here, we present HoloGPT, a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model, trained on the CIFAR-10 dataset to produce phase masks for holograms. Our model achieves superior generation speed, outperforming the Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) algorithm by a factor of two while maintaining better mean squared error (MSE) performance. Furthermore, HoloGPT demonstrates exceptional generalization by successfully generating phase masks for unseen datasets, including MNIST, FashionMNIST, and CIFAR-100. This work introduces GPT-based architectures to the domain of computer-generated holography, showcasing their potential to revolutionize real-time 3D holographic applications.