bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN PETAI CINA (Leucaena glauca, Benth) DENGAN BASIS GEL LIDAH (Aloe Vera L.) BUAYA SEBAGAI OBAT LUKA TERBUKA
Authors: Kurnia Elvira Dita , Ratnasari Dewi , Helmiawati Yusi
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Petai Cina (Leucaena glauca, Benth) merupakan tanaman yang biasa digunakan masyarakat Cikampek sebagai obat luka tradisional. Penggunaannya secara tradisional dipilih karena tidak memiliki efek samping mengiritasi kulit. Tetapi, pada penggunannya tidak praktis dan tidak dapat disimpan lama, sehingga perlu adanya inovasi sediaan yang praktis dan awet pada penyimpanannya.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara pembuatan sediaan gel dari esktrak daun petai cina (Leucaena glauca, Benth) dengan basis gel lidah buaya (Aloe Vera L.), dan untuk mengetahui stabilitas penyimpanan pada suhu kamar.

Metode: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan dengan instrumen penelitian berupa studi pustaka dan lembar pengamatan. Sediaan dibuat dua sampel dengan komposisi yang sama yaitu ekstrak daun petai cina (Leucaena glauca, Benth) 15 gr dan gel lidah buaya (Aloe Vera L.) 50 gr.

Hasil: Rata-rata persentase hasil susut pengeringan simplisia daun petai cina (Leucaena glauca, Benth) sebesar 2,46%, ekstrak daun petai cina (Leucaena glauca, Benth) positif mengandung saponin, berdasarkan uji stabilitas pH mengalami penurunan pada penyimpanan, daya sebar gel yang didapat memenuhi kriteria yaitu 5 cm, sediaan homogen, dan bertahan selama 18 hari.
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN TEH CELUP DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) UNTUK KESEHATAN
Authors: Septiwi Rizki Eka , Ratnasari Dewi , Handayani Reti Puji
Published: February 2021

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan teh celup daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dengan rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) untuk mengurangi kadar asam urat yang mudah dan praktis dikonsumsi masyarakat.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan (action research) menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa lembar wawancara, lembar observasi dan angket uji kesukaan. Sediaan dibuat dengan perbandingan komposisi antara daun salam : jahe merah (2,5:1, 2,5:1,5, dan 2,5:2).

Hasil: Menunjukkan susut pengeringan daun salam sebanyak 3,2% dan jahe merah 5% hal ini sesuai dengan persyaratan simplisia yaitu kadar air kurang dari 10%. Dilihat secara organoleptis sediaan teh celup daun salam tahan dan stabil selama 3 minggu penyimpanan dengan proporsi formula yang paling disukai responden adalah formula 3 dengan penambahan jahe merah sebanyak 2 gram adalah 96,67%.

Simpulan: Sediaan teh celup yang disukai oleh masyarakat yaitu formula ketiga dengan penambahan jahe merah 2 gram dan sediaan stabil dalam penyimpanan selama 3 minggu pada suhu kamar.
DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN NUGGET KOMBINASI KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus Vulgaris. L) DAN HATI AYAM SEBAGAI PANGAN ALTERNATIF SUMBER PROTEIN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING
Authors: Nandini Astri Puspa , Fajri Roifah , Yani Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang : Stunting menjadi salah satu permasalahan gizi di Indonesia. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia sebesar 30.8% berdasarkan hasil pengukuran TB/U, hasil tersebut terdiri dari pendek 17.1% dan sangat pendek 12.8%. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan pada masa prakonsepsi dengan memperhatikan asupan protein, sumber protein salah satunya didapatkan dari kacang merah dan hati ayam.

Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan daya terima nugget dari berbagai rasio kacang merah dan hati ayam sebagai pangan alternatif sumber protein untuk pencegahan stunting dan mengetahui perbedaan kandungan protein nugget dari berbagai rasio kacang merah dan hati ayam sebagai pangan alternatif sumber protein untuk pencegahan stunting.

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan, perbandingan kacang merah dan hati ayam yaitu, 90%:10%, 70%:30%, 50%:50%, 30%:70%, 10%:90%. Nugget akan diuji daya terima, selanjutnya hasil uji daya terima dilakukan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan metode Kruskal Waliis dan Mann Whitney. Uji kandungan protein dilakukan dengan metode Kjeldahl dan hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan metode One Way anova dan Duncan.

Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan daya terima aroma dan warna nugget dari berbagai rasio kacang merah dan hati ayam. Tidak terdapat perbedaan daya terima rasa dan tekstur nugget dari berbagai rasio kacang merah dan hati ayam. Terdapat perbedaan kandungan protein nugget dari berbagai rasio kacang merah dan hati ayam.

Simpulan : Hasil daya terima menunjukan nugget dengan perlakuan 90%:10%, 70%:30%, 50%:50% merupakan nugget yang disukai panelis. Kandungan protein tertinggi terdapat pada nugget dengan perlakuan 50%:50%.
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN SERBUK INSTAN DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) DIKOMBINASIKAN DENGAN SARI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) UNTUK MENCEGAH PENINGKATAN KADAR ASAM URAT
Authors: Yuliani Suci Tri , Putra Risa Kota , Ratnasari Dewi
Published: February 2021

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara pembuatan sediaan serbuk instan daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) yang dikombinasikan dengan sari buah nanas  (Ananas comosus L.) yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan kuisioner. Sediaan dibuat dengan perbandingan formulasi ektrak daun sirsak dan sari buah nanas (F1, 125ml:375ml; F2, 250ml:250ml dan F3, 375ml:125ml) dan masing-masingnya ditambahkan gula sebanyak 200gr.

Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan formulasi sediaan serbuk instan yang berhasil dibuat dengan hasil terbaik yaitu formulasi F3 dengan perbandingan 375ml ekstrak daun sirsak, 125ml sari buah nans, dan 200gr gula. Pengamatan secara organoleptik sediaan serbuk instan stabil dalam penyimpanan selama tiga minggu.

Simpulan: Sediaan serbuk instan formulasi F3 sampel kedua lebih disukai dan diterima masyarakat karena warna yang lebih baik atas derajat suhu pemanasan pembuatan yang lebih tepat.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK SELAI LEMBAR DARI KOMBINASI TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) DAN KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus costaricensis cortex) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN KAYA ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Septiani Windy , Handayani Reti Puji , Puspariki Jenta
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Di pasaran semakin banyak produk bahan pangan kaya akan senyawa antioksidan, namun kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus costaricensis cortex) yang dianggap sebagai limbah ternyata mengandung antioksidan yang tinggi. Buah tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat karena mengandung likopen yang merupakan pigmen utama pada tomat.
Tujuan: Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan selai lembar kombinasi dari tomat dan kulit buah naga sebagai suplemen kaya antioksidan yang mudah aman, praktis dan sehat dikomsumsi masyarakat.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan (action research) menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa lembar uji organoleptik dan uji kesukaan. Sediaan dibuat dengan perbandingan komposisi tomat dan kulit buah naga merah masing-masing formula adalah 100 gram tomat; 100 gram kulit buah naga merah serta variasi pemanis untuk F I sebanyak 40 gram, pemanis F II sebanyak 50 gram dan pemanis pada F III sebanyak 60 gram.
Hasil: Hasil uji organoleptik pada suhu ruang (15-30oC) yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan adanya perubahan pada hari ke-6 sampai hari ke-21, sedangkan pada hasil uji organoleptik pada suhu dingin (± 4oC) tidak memiliki perubahan dari hari ke-1 sampai hari ke-21, hasil uji kesukaan selai lembar yang paling disukai responden adalah formula 2 yaitu sebanyak 86,6 %.
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan yang di dapat adalah hasil variasi komposisi terbaik adalah formula II dengan jumlah tomat dan kulit buah naga yaitu 1:1 dengan tambahan gula sebanyak 50 gram. Hal ini dikarenakan stabilitas secara fisik baik yakni organoleptik warna, bau, rasa, bentuk stabil tidak memiliki banyak jamur.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL ANTISEPTIK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle linn) DENGAN BASIS BIJI RAMI (Linum usitatissimum) DAN PENAMBAHAN SARI JERUK NIPIS (Citrus x aurantiifolia) SEBAGAI AROMA
Authors: Bilqies Zalzabila Lusyana Fauziah , Andriani Susi , Yanto Elih Sutisna
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Sirih hijau mempunyai kelebihan daya antiseptik yang lebih dominan dibanding sirih lain, karena daya antiseptiknya yang kuat sering dimanfaatkan secara empiris untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Berkembangnya keinginan masyarakat untuk menggunakan bahan alam atau “back to nature”, ditanggapi dengan banyak produk-produk topikal berbahan aktif tanaman untuk perawatan  kesehatan, kosmetik dan pencegahan penyakit.  Piper batle Linn atau sirih hijau merupakan salah satu tanaman yang diketahui berkhasiat sebagai antiseptik. Penggunaan sirih hijau secara tradisional biasanya dengan merebus daun sirih kemudian air rebusan digunakan untuk kumur dan membersihkan bagian tubuh lain, atau daun sirih dilumatkan kemudian ditempelkan pada luka (Lindawaty, 2009).
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi gel antiseptik yang berbasis biji rami dan ditambahkan dengan sari buah jeruk nipis sebagai aromatik, membuat gel antiseptik yang stabil dan homogen serta mengetahui pH yang di uji pada suhu ruang dan memiliki bentuk, warna, dan bau yang baik.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian tindakan (action research) desain penelitian tindakan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menemukan solusi dari sebuah masalah yang diteliti. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 4 siklus antara komponen penting, seperti perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Perencanaan penelitian ini berupa tahapan-tahapan perencanaan kerja yang harus dilakukan pada saat penelitian, lalu dilanjutkan dengan penelitian dan pengamatan hasil dari penelitian kemudian dianalisis sebagai refleksi terhadap ketercapaian peneliti pada saat penelitian.
Hasil: Hasil susut pengeringan dari simplisia yg digunakan yaitu daun sirih sebesar 73,4 % berdasarkan uji stabilitas pH mengalami kenaikan pada sediaan, sediaan homogen, dan bertahan selama 20 hari.
Simpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu stabilitas fisik sediaan formula II dan III dapat bertahan selama 20 hari pada penyimpanan suhu kamar (15-30oC) dengan pH awal 4 dan pH akhir 6, kuning kecoklatan, bau khas jeruk nipis dan sirih, tekstur licin. Pada suhu dingin (± 4oC), formula II dan III dapat bertahan selama 21 hari.
A Modified Milankovitch theory that reconciles contradictions with
the paleoclimate record
Authors: Wong Robert E.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Based upon research results over the past five decades, there has been a general acceptance that the ice ages were initiated by astronomical phenomenon. Specifically, marine, ice and terrestrial paleoclimate data have supported elements of the Milankovitch astronomical theory of the ice ages. However, there remain unresolved problems between the empirical findings and theory. The 100 thousand year problem has been the subject of extensive research since a 100 thousand year cycle that matches the Earth orbit eccentricity period dominates the frequencies found in paleoclimate records. Yet, eccentricity produces an insignificant variation in annual solar energy. Other problems include the Stage 11 problem, the missing interglacials problem, how glaciation is sustained over multiple tens of thousands of years and synchronous hemispheric glaciation. I shall show these problems are resolved by modification of the prevailing Milankovitch theory. In particular, two elements of the theory need modification. One is the limitation of eccentricity's role and the other assuming that glaciation results only from cool summer conditions. By applying the Solar Energy Invariance law to define e-seasons, how eccentricity provides conditions for glaciation is demonstrated. The results show eccentricity variations provide significant solar energy variations at the top of the earth's atmosphere to produce glaciation that is global. Global glaciation results in colder winter glaciation occurring in one hemisphere simultaneous with cool summer glaciation in the other hemisphere. Analysis with these modifications resolves each of the problems.
La noción de la ‘transitividad’ del s. iv a.C. al s. vi d.C.: la conformación de la categoría
Authors: Manzano Ventura Victoria
Published: February 2021

Este estudio determina, de manera sistemática, la génesis y trayectoria de conformación de la noción de «transitividad» desde los primeros apuntes embrionarios del concepto en la filosofía griega hasta la ampliación y desarrollo de la categoría en las fundamentales e influyentes Institutiones grammaticae de Prisciano a finales del primer cuarto del siglo VI. La investigación señala en cada etapa y autor estudiados las dependencias y deudas con el periodo precedente, así como las contribuciones y aportes originales con mayor repercusión posterior. Además, en las diferentes obras y textos analizados se subrayan las contradicciones y dificultades en la delimitación e interpretación del concepto, germen, sin duda, de la problemática asociada al fenómeno de la «transitividad» en la lingüística moderna.
La primera edición hispana del Pro Archia a cargo de F. Cervantes (Sevilla 1544): aproximación a su estudio y posibles modelos
Authors: Ayuso García Manuel
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo se estudia esta edición y comentario, muy poco conocida, de la que solo se conserva un ejemplar en la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Salamanca, poniendo especial atención en los posibles modelos textuales dentro de la tradición impresa del texto ciceroniano. La obra incorpora varios paratextos reveladores, en particular unas introducciones y el comentario cuyos modelos, conocidos solo en parte, he aclarado. Esta edición denota un buen conocimiento de la obra de Cicerón y de los trabajos editados sobre la misma hasta entonces. El análisis de la tradición impresa anterior nos ha permitido identificar los principales rasgos de la forma textual de esta edición, que parte del texto y comentario de F. Dubois, Paris 1530, pero también de otras fuentes como las ediciones de Melanchthon, Latomus, Bolerus y otros.
El viaje al más allá en el Pelayo de Pinciano: configuración clásica y alegoría cristiana
Authors: Linares Sánchez Jorge J.
Published: February 2021

En el Pelayo de Alonso López Pinciano se relata el viaje al más allá del protagonista (libros décimo y undécimo). El héroe navega hasta Cilicia y desciende al inframundo por la gruta Coricia, donde, recibido por una divinidad metamórfica, se le revela el futuro y los arcanos del otro mundo. La ambientación de la aventura aúna la descripción de esta cueva en De Chorographia de Pomponio Mela y la de la morada del Sueño en las Metamorfosis de Ovidio. Se emula el patrón literario del tema del viaje al mundo de los muertos según los grandes modelos épicos, la Nékyia homérica y la catábasis de Eneas. Proponemos un análisis literario y comparativo de este episodio a fin de dilucidar cómo el Pinciano reelabora y combina estos referentes literarios y los adapta al contexto cristiano a través de la práctica de la alegoría, según los postulados presentados en su Filosofía antigua poética.
A PEDAGOGIA EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Libâneo José Carlos
Published: February 2021

ENTREVISTA COM JOSÉ CARLOS LIBÂNEO
APRENDIZAGEM DA DOCÊNCIA EM CURSO A DISTÂNCIA: A VERSÃO DOS PROFESSORES
Authors: Couto Maria Elizabete Souza , De Lima Emilía Freitas
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho analisa as aprendizagens da docência possibilitadas por experiências de formação continuada na modalidade a distância em uma pesquisa já realizada. Utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas semi-estruturadas para captar as aprendizagens docentes. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram dez professores da Educação Básica na rede pública de ensino que concluíram a 1ª. Turma do curso TV na Escola e os Desafios de Hoje, nos municípios de Ilhéus e Itabuna-Ba. Os materiais de estudo no curso (três módulos impressos e os vídeos veiculados pela TV Escola) foram distribuídos pela Secretaria de Educação a Distância/SEED/MEC. Os dados demonstraram que as aprendizagens dos professores cursistas transitam entre o aprender utilizar as tecnologias em sala de aula, enfocando o caráter técnico e operacional, e a retomada com os saberes da formação profissional, das disciplinas de ensino e da experiência, os quais proporcionaram um saber-ver, saberler, saber-ensinar, saber-aprender e saber-fazer referentes ao processo formativo. A sala de aula foi enfatizada como local de aprendizagem da docência a partir dos saberes da experiência, da disciplina e o saber lidar com as tecnologias em sala de aula para fazer a mediação entre os conteúdos aprendidos e ensinados.
A INICIAÇÃO NA DOCÊNCIA: ANALISANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ALUNOS PROFESSORES DAS LICENCIATURAS
Authors: Da Costa Josilene Silva , De Oliveira Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato
Published: February 2021

A iniciação na docência tem se revelado como uma etapa importante no processo de aprender a ser professor. Diante de uma realidade complexa, o professor se desestrutura, pensa em desistir da profissão, duvida da sua competência e da importância da formação inicial. Para aqueles que permanecem, é uma fase que contribui de maneira singular para uma determinada forma de ser professor. Compreendemos como uma tarefa urgente e complexa o pensar e propor alternativas de formação que atendam às necessidades do professor no início da profissão. Possivelmente, um passo importante seja buscar nos cursos de formação inicial a perspectiva dos alunos que já são professores. Diversos cursos de licenciatura de universidades brasileiras são freqüentados por alunos que aprendem a profissão docente na universidade e na escola ao mesmo tempo. O estudo desse perfil de estudante, realizado junto a alunos professores dos cursos de Letras e de Matemática de uma instituição pública de ensino superior, amplia a nossa compreensão sobre o processo de formação de professores na universidade. A análise das experiências de início da carreira fornece elementos para se repensar a formação inicial e estreitar os vínculos dessa formação com a escola básica local de exercício profissional. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de a universidade ultrapassar a perspectiva de certificação e assumir uma postura mais solidária e mais comprometida com a escola básica e com o professor que se faz cotidianamente dentro dela.
O PROBLEMA DA INDISCIPLINA DOS ALUNOS: UM OLHAR PARA AS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS COTIDIANAS NA PERSPECTIVA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Pirola Sandra Mara Fulco , Ferreira Maria Cecília Carareto
Published: February 2021

No presente artigo discute-se a questão da indisciplina em sala de aula, alertando-se para o fato de que este fenômeno parece estar se constituindo em mais um argumento, entre outros, favorecedor da exclusão dos alunos na escola. A história da educação mostra que, em diferentes épocas, os professores idealizam e buscam a disciplina e a homogeneização em sala de aula. O discurso sobre o mau comportamento e a dificuldade de aprendizagem recai, muitas vezes, sobre os alunos e suas famílias, culminando em encaminhamentos diversos. Sobre a indisciplina, os professores apresentam uma visão limitada e restrita desse comportamento, o que exime a escola de qualquer responsabilidade sobre o problema. Essas atitudes denotam uma ausência de clareza de pressupostos, por parte de professores, em relação à função da escola e a visão que têm de sua ação pedagógica. Desse modo, entendendo a indisciplina como um traço constituído a partir das interações que se estabelecem no espaço social da escola, defende-se no texto o fato de que pensar sobre a indisciplina, é pensar na necessidade de se atuar na formação continuada de professores. Para tanto, apontam-se as situações grupais e compartilhadas pelos educadores e pesquisadores nas escolas como sendo um caminho propiciador de reflexões e mudanças. Somente a partir do conhecimento da epistemologia da prática profissional que desenvolvem, os professores poderão fazer uma leitura diferente e menos limitada de um problema tão desafiador como a indisciplina.
IMPLICAÇÕES TEÓRICO-PRÁTICAS DO BINÔMIO CUIDAR-EDUCAR NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: De Azevedo Heloisa Helena Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Este texto aborda a problemática da separaçãoentre cuidar-educar na Educação Infantil e na formaçãode seus professores. Partimos de uma revisão históricasobre a origem e desenvolvimento das instituições deEducação Infantil no Brasil, as formas de atenção voltadasà criança e as mudanças nas concepções de infânciae Educação Infantil, para apresentar os elementos quenos ajudam a compreender como foi sendo construídoo binômio cuidar-educar. Com base em tal revisão eem entrevistas semi-estruturadas com formadores deprofissionais de educação infantil, o problema da separaçãoentre cuidado e educação foi analisado, comvistas a desvendar sua origem e conseqüências para aárea. Ao final, usando a concepção histórico-crítica deeducação e a abordagem histórico-cultural de desenvolvimentohumano como referenciais teóricos de análise,ressaltamos suas implicações para a Educação Infantil epara a formação de professores que atuam (ou atuarão)nessa modalidade de ensino, apontando alternativas deenfrentamento do problema.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO: UMA INDIVIDUALIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO?
Authors: Bierksteker Tatiane Christine
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos retomar os níveis propostos por Ferreiro (1986) na construção da linguagem escrita e propor estratégias que auxiliem os professores a olucionarem as dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos durante ocesso de alfabetização. Considera essencial que o professor observe a heterogeneidade presente em sala de aula. Propõe uma reflexão sobre o trabalho com diversidade, destacando a necessidade da ealização de um diagnóstico prévio (sondagem). Enfatiza a importância da interação entre professor e aluno enquanto fonte básica da criação de zonas de desenvolvimento proximalem sala de aula, bem como asinterações com outros membros do contexto cultural em que a criança vive, as quais resultarão em novas conquistas intelectuais importantes para a aprendizagem.
Paz, violencia y conflictos
Authors: Magallón Carmen
Published: February 2021

La revista Cultura de Paz publica el presente texto de Carmen Magallón Portolés, como una importante contribución que nos ayuda a interpretar y explicarnos el tiempo que vivimos. Conceptos básicos para la comprensión de la cultura de paz: violencia, paz, derecho humano a la paz, la investigación para la paz, diferencia entre conflicto y violencia, la doctrina Boutros Boutros-Ghali, etcétera. Lo entregamos a nuestros lectores en el marco de una situación de mucha incertidumbre en Nicaragua, donde se cruzan conceptos, apenas, intuidos, pero sobre todo vividos por unos, con otros que ofrecen una visión particular de la realidad, para otros.
Este texto no solo debe ser conocido, discutido y aprehendido en el ámbito académico, sino también, en los más amplios sectores organizados de la sociedad civil, partidos políticos, ONG, medios de comunicación, juventud, entre otros. Su contenido es heredero de la mejor tradición de la comunidad académica mundial y de los organismos supranacionales de la comunidad internacional
Conflicting Obligations
Authors: Reed Amy R.
Published: February 2021

This article considers the problem of conflicting researcher obligations in RHM, particularly when professional medical rhetoric is analyzed with the goal of improving patient care. Taking one case as illustrative, this article argues that medical professional participants are in positions of relative power, and that their choice to participate in RHM research or not can have downstream effects on more vulnerable patients. Furthermore, this case demonstrates that the interests of medical professional participants may diverge from the interests of their patients. As a result, when RHM researchers assume traditional orientations towards medical professional research participants, they may find themselves unable to advocate for more vulnerable patient populations.
An Ethics-of-Care Paradigm in Opposition Research
Authors: Sterud Sommer
Published: February 2021

This paper explores how I navigated the complicated terrain of opposition research during the dissertation phase of my doctoral program. Drawing from ethnographic research conducted on a pro-life organization, I illustrate that care-based ethics (Held, 2006; Tronto, 1994) is not just for vulnerable and agreeable participants but is valuable and appropriate for researching powerful groups whom we oppose. Furthermore, I argue that rhetorical listening (Glenn & Ratcliffe, 2011; Ratcliffe, 1999, Ratcliffe, 2005) is not just a valuable methodological approach to research, but also a form of reciprocity, especially critical when studying groups we oppose. Such an approach promotes the mutually beneficial goals of respect and understanding.
Pivoting Toward Rhetorical Ethics by Sharing and Using Existing Data and Creating an RHM Databank
Authors: Bivens Kristin , Welhausen Candice A.
Published: February 2021

We argue that by using existing data and sharing research in a databank, RHM scholars can practice a research habit that conserves and optimizes intellectual and institutional resources. When possible, by using existing datasets, scholars avoid data waste, that is ignoring or bypassing existing data. The data distinctions that we call attention to—derived, compiled, and designed—account for various ethical and rhetorical concerns regarding privacy and confidentiality, expected context, and consent. Equally important to the aforementioned data deliberations we explore, collecting and managing shared RHM data in a databank, while possible, are not without ethical, logistical, and rhetorical difficulties.
Inhibitor of Multi-cyclin-dependent Kinases (AT7519) Reduced Survival of U937 Leukemic Cells and Enhanced Anti-leukemic Effect of Vincristine: A Highlight to CDK Inhibition Efficacy in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Moradi Moraddahande Fateme , Shameli Houjghan Mona , Yousefi Amir-Mohammad , Safaroghli-Azar Ava , Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi Atieh , Bashash Davood
Published: February 2021

Background: The conservative character of the cell cycle outlined that any dysregulation in the regulatory components of this process in normal cells opens a gate toward neoplastic transformation. Objectives: Given the critical role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cancer pathogenesis and based on their frequent aberrancy in human leukemia, the present study aimed at evaluating the suppressive effect of a multi-CDK inhibitor AT7519 on acute myeloid leukemia-derived U937 cells. Methods: To assess the anti-leukemic effects of the inhibitor on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, we used MTT and trypan blue assays. Flow cytometric analysis and q-RT-PCR were also applied to evaluate the impact of AT7519 on cell cycle and apoptosis. Results: The results suggested that suppression of CDK in U937 cells hampered the proliferation of leukemic cells through a G2/M arrest mediated by p21 gene. Additionally, the anti-survival impact of AT7519 on these cells was shown to be along with the apoptosis initiation not only through the increment of pro-apoptotic gene expression but also through diminishing the mRNA levels of both Pin1 and Survivin. Notably, the potent anti-leukemic property of this agent has become more prominent when we found that the blockage of CDKs in AML cells could synergize with the cytotoxic effect of vincristine (VCR). To the best of our knowledge, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of resistance to AT7519 and we proposed that the effectiveness of this agent was partially attenuated through either c-Myc or autophagy activation in U937 cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that the pharmacological targeting of CDKs could probably unwind the complexity of therapeutic obstacles on the way of acute leukemia, either in the context of mono- or combined-modal strategy.
Are online behaviors damaging our in-person connections? Passive versus active social media use on romantic relationships
Authors: Quiroz Selena I. , Mickelson Kristin D.
Published: February 2021

Social media has been extensively researched, and its impact on well-being is becoming more clear. What is less clear, however, is the role of social media on romantic relationships, with the few existing studies finding mixed results. In an attempt to reconcile these discrepancies, the current study explored types of social media use (i.e., active use and passive use) as moderators between frequency of social media use and relationship health (i.e., relationship satisfaction and commitment). Participants were 432 adults in a romantic relationship for at least three months. Results showed that women who passively use social media at moderate to high levels exhibited negative associations between hours per day of social media use and relationship satisfaction, and hours per day of social media use and commitment. On the other hand, active use may ameliorate the negative association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health for both women and men. Specifically, men and women reporting low levels of active use exhibited a stronger negative association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health than those who reported moderate levels of active use. Additionally, there was no association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health for men and women reporting high levels of active use. Implications of these findings are discussed, as well as future directions based on these findings.
Pre-Socratics and Post-Moderns
Authors: Cassin Barbara , Narcy Michel , Ling Alex ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

In this text Cassin and Narcy begin their reassessment of the mode of thought that is sophistry, which has historically functioned as the (negative) “other” of classical philosophy. To this end, the authors first present a close reading of Book Gamma of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, understood as a concerted “strategy against sophism” that, in establishing a logical basis for metaphysics, seeks to relegate the former to the sidelines once and for all. What proves ineliminable in this operation, however, and which “resurfaces beyond metaphysics,” is discourse itself. Cassin and Narcy then set about exploring the contemporary resurgences of sophistry, first through the discourse of (novelistic) fiction, then, more rigorously, in the work of Jacques Lacan, whose own thought poses radical challenges to the relation of language to meaning
On the Alleged Instability of Externalist Anti-skepticism
Authors: Jope Matthew ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: February 2021

A certain brand of skeptical argument appeals to the thought that our inability to subjectively discriminate between competing hypotheses means that we are unwarranted in believing in either. Externalists respond by pointing out that such arguments depend on an internalist conception of warrant that we would do well to reject. This strategy has been criticized by Crispin Wright, who argues that if we pursue the implications of externalism sufficiently far we find that it is ultimately unstable or incoherent. I first rehearse the simple externalist anti-skeptical position. I then present Wright’s argument for the externalist instability, offering a clearer way of understanding its central claim. Finally, I show that the instability in fact arises due to hidden internalist assumptions about evidence and that rid of these assumptions the externalist position is stable after all.
Learning from COVID-19
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Borghini Andrea , Piras Nicola , Serini Beatrice ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: February 2021

Liberal democracies across the world have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing measures that significantly curtail the rights and liberties of individual citizens. These measures must receive public justification in order to be politically legitimate. By combining analytical political philosophy with ontology in an original way, in this article we argue that liberal democratic governments have so far failed to adequately justify these measures, since they have not systematically targeted the scholarly study of COVID-19 in everyday environments, consequently implementing rules that are epistemically unsound and not publicly justified, at least not fully.
Review of Fluconazole Treatment and Prophylaxis for Invasive Candidiasis in Neonates
Authors: Hornik Chi D. , Bondi Deborah S. , Greene Nicole M. , Cober M. Petrea , John Barnabas
Published: February 2021

Invasive candidiasis accounts for approximately 10% of nosocomial infections in preterm infants, with an incidence of 1% to 4% among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and a mortality as high as 20% to 30%. These outcomes warrant improved treatment and prevention strategies for infants at highest risk. The Infectious Diseases Society of America provides guidelines on antifungal medications for the prophylaxis and treatment of candidiasis in NICUs; however, there are still variations in practice on the use of fluconazole for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive candidiasis. This review provides specific information regarding fluconazole activity, pharmacokinetics, and a literature evaluation of dosing strategies and comparisons to other treatments in the neonatal population.
Daptomycin Pharmacokinetics in Adolescents Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Series With Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Lim Sin Yin , Lewis Teresa , Woo Sukyung , Turman Martin , Bourne David W. A. , Burton Michael E. , Rianthavorn Pornpimol
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Children who undergo hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis are at increased risk of infection. Daptomcyin is used to treat resistant infections; however, the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin in pediatric and adolescent dialysis patients remain unknown.

METHODS

We report the safety and pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous 5 mg/kg dose of daptomycin for 6 individuals age 12 to 17 years old who underwent HD or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). Daptomycin concentrations from all samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A non-compartmental analysis was performed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters among HD and CCPD patients. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the concentration-time profiles of daptomycin in plasma, urine, and dialysis effluent. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess the pharmacodynamic outcomes.

RESULTS

All subjects tolerated the single dose of daptomycin. During HD, significant drug removal was observed, compared with CCPD (26% vs 5% of total dose). A low daptomycin renal clearance (<12% of total clearance) with moderate variability (40.5%) was observed among subjects with residual renal function. An anuric and obese subject who received CCPD treatment appeared to have >80% higher daptomycin area under the plasma concentration-time curve than the other CCPD subjects. Dosing regimens that achieved predefined pharmacodynamic targets were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Daptomycin clearance was faster in 12- to 17-year-old patients receiving HD than CCPD. Administration of daptomycin immediately after HD reduces drug loss. The CCPD treatment, anuria, and obesity may increase the risk for drug accumulation. Our pharmacokinetic model can be further used to optimize dosing regimens of daptomycin in this population.
Use of Sirolimus in a Premature Neonate With Kaposiform Hemangioedema
Authors: Koury Jason , Brown Miel , Sturtevant Suzzette , Wiley Cody , Felton Linda
Published: February 2021

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, vascular malignancy that is often associated with coagulopathies and thrombocytopenia secondary to platelet trapping. Typically, a person diagnosed with KHE with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) presents with a reddish-purplish lesion, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Sirolimus has been identified as a treatment option for KHE with or without KMP for reduction in lesion size and hematologic parameters. In this case report, a female born at 26.5 weeks was noted at birth to have a purpuric lesion on her right upper back and flank area. She was diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed KHE with KMP. She was started on sirolimus 0.01 mg (0.02 mg/kg; 0.14 mg/m2) once a day, and because of high trough concentrations treatment was held until concentrations decreased. Sirolimus was then microdiluted to a 0.01 mg/mL concentration in medium-chain triglyceride oil for administration. Prior to discharge from the hospital the commercially available product was dispensed for home use. After 6 months of treatment, she achieved a reduction in lesion size and improvement in hematologic parameters, and treatment was stopped at 9 months.
Ein Leben für die Musikpsychologie: Nachruf Prof. Dr. Maria Manturzewska (1930 – 2020)
Authors: Gembris Heiner
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag würdigt die Lebensleistung der polnischen Musikpsychologin Prof. Dr. Maria Manturzewska (1930 – 2020) für die polnische und internationale Musikpsychologie. Sie gründete und leitete bereits 1956 die erste Arbeitsgruppe für musikpsychologische Forschung am Pädagogischen Zentrum der Kunst- und Musikschulen des Kultusministeriums in Warschau und veranstaltete die erste musikpsychologische Konferenz in Polen. In den folgenden Jahren importierte sie alle verfügbaren standardisierten Musiktests der damaligen Zeit sowie Intelligenz- und Persönlichkeitstests, die in einem Netzwerk von Psychologen übersetzt, restandardisiert und normiert wurden. Dieses Instrumentarium wurde sowohl zur Erforschung musikalischer Begabung und Entwicklung eingesetzt als auch in der psychologischen Beratung im Rahmen der Begabungsförderung. Mit ihren wegweisenden Forschungen zur biographischen Entwicklung von professionellen Musiker*innen in den 1970er Jahren hat sie der Etablierung der Lebenszeitperspektive musikalischer Entwicklung entscheidende Impulse gegeben. Mit der Gründung des Instituts für Forschung in der Musikpädagogik 1974 an der Chopin Musik Akademie Warschau hat sie einen bedeutenden Meilenstein für die Institutionalisierung der Musikpsychologie erreichen können. 1985 erhielt sie dort den ersten Lehrstuhl für Musikpsychologie in Polen, den sie bis zu ihrer Pensionierung im Jahr 2000 innehatte. Neben ihren wegweisenden Forschungen zur musikalischen Begabung und zur lebenszeitlichen musikalischen Entwicklung hat Maria Manturzewska sich um die Entwicklung, Etablierung und Institutionalisierung der Musikpsychologie verdient gemacht. Unter ihrer Führung wurde die polnische Musikpsychologie in den Nachkriegsjahren aufgebaut, über Jahrzehnte weiterentwickelt und zu einer bemerkenswerten Blüte und internationalen Wertschätzung gebracht, die eng mit ihrer Person verbunden ist. Das Lebenswerk Maria Manturzewskas wird für die wissenschaftliche Gemeinschaft auch in Zukunft eine Quelle wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis und Inspiration sein.
IMPROVEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE PLM STRUCTURE. GOOD PRACTICES AND A CASE STUDY
Authors: MONAGA REINA RICARDO , DE LAS HERAS GARCIA DE VINUESA ANA , LUQUE SENDRA AMALIA , LAMA RUIZ JUAN RAMON
Published: February 2021

One of the challenges facing organizations today is how to properly manage sustainability. This situation is highly complex as the amount of information relating to projects to be managed increases considerably. Therefore, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems can be the solution for reducing the complexity of this information management, since they connect the different stakeholders of the product life cycle, allowing them to access information from all stages of the project life cycle. However, there are still no tools that manage sustainability in a efficient way. That is why it is proposed an innovative tool, ARTIST, which allows organizations to know the current state of sustainability of the organization, as well as the situation associated with all stakeholders who interact in the project, while enabling the options to study the margins for improvement in the area of sustainability from the perspective of integrating the Triple E. It is a proposal for an agile, robust, flexible and adaptable tool for all organizations developed in the field of industry 4.0 and interconnected management systems following objective 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) where work is done so that organizations adopt sustainable practices and incorporate information on sustainability in their life cycle.

Keywords: sustainability, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), stakeholder; organization
Coenseignement orthopédagogue-enseignante et orthopédagogue-enseignant : l’expérience de trois écoles primaires montréalaises
Authors: Dubé France , Cloutier Émilie , Dufour France , Paviel Marie-Jocya
Published: February 2021

Au Québec, la réussite éducative des élèves en contexte de diversité implique une mobilisation croissante de l’ensemble des personnes oeuvrant en milieux scolaires et des changements dans l’organisation des services éducatifs. Dans ce contexte, les modèles de services s’appuyant sur la collaboration professionnelle, comme les modèles de coenseignement, proposent de nouvelles avenues afin de répondre aux besoins de tous les élèves, notamment au primaire. La présente recherche avait pour but de soutenir et de décrire les pratiques de coenseignement mises en oeuvre par des orthopédagogues et des enseignantes et enseignants.

Des facilitateurs et des obstacles au coenseignement ont également émergé, et des pistes ont été proposées afin de permettre à d’autres écoles d’expérimenter le coenseignement orthopédagogue-enseignante et orthopédagogue-enseignant dans le futur. Le partage d’expertise professionnelle complémentaire, le respect mutuel ainsi que le temps accordé à la coplanification, à la concertation et à la rétroaction sont à privilégier pour que ce type de coenseignement soit réussi. Les orthopédagogues sont ainsi amenés à élargir leurs pratiques et à modéliser des stratégies enseignées à tous les élèves d’un groupe-classe.
Le coenseignement : bénéfices, limites et importance de la formation
Authors: Janin Myriam , Couvert David
Published: February 2021

Dans le système scolaire français, l’inclusion d’élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers dans les classes ordinaires du second degré est en augmentation. Cela a engendré le développement de coenseignement entre les personnels de l’enseignement régulier et de l’enseignement spécialisé. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les ressentis de chacun quant aux effets du coenseignement, et d’analyser l’impact d’une formation associée à sa mise en oeuvre. L’approche choisie s’appuie sur une enquête adressée à une cohorte composée de personnels enseignants réguliers et spécialisés ayant (ou non) bénéficié d’une formation spécifique. Les réponses sont traitées, d’une part, de façon statistique et, d’autre part, par une analyse qualitative. Il en ressort que les bénéfices constatés sont supérieurs aux difficultés induites par la pratique. Les résultats indiquent que le coenseignement aurait permis aux personnels enseignants de 1) gagner en compétence dans leur champ d’expertise, 2) diversifier leurs compétences, et 3) augmenter leur sentiment d’efficacité personnelle par les effets positifs constatés sur les élèves. Ces bénéfices perçus sont majorés par le fait d’avoir suivi une formation spécifique. La principale difficulté énoncée est celle du temps commun nécessaire à la préparation des séances. Globalement, les personnels interrogés adhèrent à la pratique malgré certaines difficultés et souhaitent la pérenniser.
An Abundance of Fruit Trees
Authors: Hansen Jared
Published: February 2021

The game series of Animal Crossing is founded on materialism and consumerism, and its mechanics emphasize the economic principles of production, trade, and consumption. And as a social simulator, its gameplay focuses on inventory management, with items and artifacts as rewards for behaviors. Players are urged to customize their town and avatar, by buying and selling clothing, accessories, furniture, and other items. The method of garbology concludes that trash is a valuable resource in revealing the attitudes and motivations of a culture. This article uses garbology to examine the trash left behind by players in ten random towns of Animal Crossing: New Leaf to create a taxonomy of what players valued and disposed of. This study found patterns of production (non-native and “perfect” fruit trees) to maximize monetary gains, and signs of customization through consumption (such as creating a gothic-themed town). The author concludes based on the findings that players of New Leaf are engaged in a culture of economy and thrift, as opposed to conspicuous consumption, per Rathje’s (1984) hypothesis of garbage.
Flujos de capital, estabilidad monetaria y política fiscal procíclica. Los casos de Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú
Authors: López Teresa , Basilio Eufemia
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre la política fiscal y los flujos de capital para Brasil, Chile, Colombia. México y Perú, para el periodo 1980-2016. La hipótesis general que guío la investigación sostiene que las entradas masivas y súbitas de flujos de capital de corto plazo a las economías en desarrollo y emergentes obliga a sus bancos centrales a mantener estable el tipo de cambio nominal, con la consecuente apreciación del tipo de cambio real. En el marco de la adopción del modelo macroeconómico de metas de inflación, esta medida les permite cumplir el objetivo de inflación establecido. Esta política obliga a su vez a sus gobiernos a implementar medidas fiscales procíclicas para contener, en un primer momento el efecto monetario de los flujos de capital sobre la base monetaria, y posteriormente los efectos financieros y macroeconómicos que provoca el ajuste en el tipo de cambio real. En consecuencia, las medidas de política macroeconómica, en particular monetarias y fiscales, que se adopten para enfrentar dichos efectos tendrán efectos directos en el crecimiento económico.
Más allá de las aulas: los determinantes del bajo rendimiento educativo en España y el fracaso de las políticas públicas
Authors: Garrido-Yserte Rubén , Gallo-Rivera María Teresa , Martínez-Gautier Daniel
Published: February 2021

La reducción del fracaso escolar es uno de los objetivos esenciales de las políticas educativas. Tanto el abandono escolar como el bajo rendimiento educativo son manifestaciones de un fenómeno complejo. Los factores explicativos del bajo rendimiento son multidimensionales y operan a varias escalas: factores de tipo individual y familiar; factores que son propios de las escuelas y otros que están en el entorno cercano y en el regional. Los resultados obtenidos con un análisis multinivel permiten discutir la efectividad de unas políticas educativas que no sólo estén se centradas en las aulas, diseñadas para un alumno con un rendimiento promedio.