bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Barish Rachel , Lynce Filipa , Unger Keith , Barac Ana
Published: February 2019

Cardio-oncology is a rapidly developing field which seeks to improve patient outcomes through enhanced clinical and research collaboration across the disciplines of oncology and cardiology. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosis among women in the United States and, as decades of research have resulted in decreased mortality rates, there has been an increasing focus on reducing short- and long-term treatment toxicity and improving morbidity among survivors. Preexisting or emergent cardiovascular disease in a patient with BC requires a multidisciplinary, team-based approach to balance the need for curative cancer treatment while preventing increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Given the overlap in risk factors for BC and cardiovascular disease, such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, there are opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention and detection before, during, and after BC treatment. Cardiology providers also play an important role in preventing, diagnosing, and treating cardiac dysfunction and other cardiovascular complications that may develop as a result of BC treatment. A number of recent clinical practice guidelines address approaches to cardiotoxicity, however, they focus on specific agents or treatment modality, rather than on collaborative disease management. In this review we present cardiovascular concerns associated with contemporary, multimodality BC treatment and illustrate how current guideline recommendations apply to clinical cardiology and oncology questions. We provide a cardio-oncology team-based approach to cardiovascular assessment and management of patients with BC from diagnosis through treatment and in survivorship.
Systematic Review on Kinematic Assessments of Upper Limb Movements After Stroke
Authors: Schwarz Anne , Kanzler Christoph M. , Lambercy Olivier , Luft Andreas R. , Veerbeek Janne M.
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—

Assessing upper limb movements poststroke is crucial to monitor and understand sensorimotor recovery. Kinematic assessments are expected to enable a sensitive quantification of movement quality and distinguish between restitution and compensation. The nature and practice of these assessments are highly variable and used without knowledge of their clinimetric properties. This presents a challenge when interpreting and comparing results. The purpose of this review was to summarize the state of the art regarding kinematic upper limb assessments poststroke with respect to the assessment task, measurement system, and performance metrics with their clinimetric properties. Subsequently, we aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for future applications of upper limb kinematics in stroke recovery research.

Methods—

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore. Studies investigating clinimetric properties of applied metrics were assessed for risk of bias using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist. The quality of evidence for metrics was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Results—

A total of 225 studies (N=6197) using 151 different kinematic metrics were identified and allocated to 5 task and 3 measurement system groups. Thirty studies investigated clinimetrics of 62 metrics: reliability (n=8), measurement error (n=5), convergent validity (n=22), and responsiveness (n=2). The metrics task/movement time, number of movement onsets, number of movement ends, path length ratio, peak velocity, number of velocity peaks, trunk displacement, and shoulder flexion/extension received a sufficient evaluation for one clinimetric property.

Conclusions—

Studies on kinematic assessments of upper limb sensorimotor function are poorly standardized and rarely investigate clinimetrics in an unbiased manner. Based on the available evidence, recommendations on the assessment task, measurement system, and performance metrics were made with the goal to increase standardization. Further high-quality studies evaluating clinimetric properties are needed to validate kinematic assessments, with the long-term goal to elucidate upper limb sensorimotor recovery poststroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
. Unique identifier: CRD42017064279.
A synopsis of the Centaurea soskae and triniifolia group (Centaurea sect. Acrolophus) in the Prespa area and Northern Pindos
Authors: WAGENITZ GERHARD , BERGMEIER ERWIN , GREGOR THOMAS , MEIEROTT LENZ , SHUKA LULEZIM , TAN KIT
Published: February 2019

A synopsis of the Centaurea soskae and triniifolia group (C. sect. Acrolophus, Asteraceae) is presented. Seven taxa are recognized in the Lake Prespa area of Albania, Greece, FYR Macedonia, and the nearby mountain ranges of Galičica-Mali i Thatë and Pelister-Varnous, including an outlier in the prefecture of Grevena, N Pindos, Greece. The variation in C. soskae was studied, leading to the description of two new subspecies, subsp. albida (endemic to Albania) and subsp. aetiensis (endemic to N Pindos). Centaurea tomorosii is treated as a species separate from C. soskae, and C. galicicae as a species distinct from C. triniifolia. The lectotypification of C. campylacme and its inclusion as a subspecies in C. triniifolia is proposed. In addition, C. shumkana is described as a new species, endemic to SE Albania. The distribution of the taxa is indicated in two maps.
A narrow endemic new species of Dendrobium sect. Stachyobium from Thailand (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae)
Authors: PROMMANUT PHATTARAVEE , SUDDEE SOMRAN , KIDYOO MANIT
Published: February 2019

A new species belonging to Dendrobium section Stachyobium was discovered in mixed deciduous forest near the Check Point to Thi Lo Su Waterfall, Umphang District, Tak Province, in the northern Thailand. A description (including leaf anatomy), illustration and comparison with the closely related species D. incurvum are provided here.
Lecanicillium subprimulinum (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), a novel species from Baoshan, Yunnan
Authors: HUANG SHIKE , MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA SAJEEWA S.N. , JEEWON RAJESH , BHAT D JAYARAMA , PHOOKAMSAK RUNGTIWA , HYDE KEVIN D , AL-SADI ABDULLAH M. , KANG JICHUAN
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we report a new asexual-morph taxon belonging to the family Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales), which is associated with a sexual morph of an ophioceras-like taxon on submerged wood collected from Baoshan, Yunnan, China. Morphologically, this new taxon is similar to known asexual morphs of Lecanicillium and characterized by conidiophores arising from hyaline hyphae, with gregarious, ellipsoid to ovoid, aseptate conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, tef1-α and ITS sequence dataset positions our taxon in Cordycipitaceae and close to Lecanicillium sp. (CBS 639.85) and L. primulinum. Lecanicillium subprimulinum is introduced as a new species with support from molecular data.
Trigonella disperma (Fabaceae): Typification, Description and Phytogeography
Authors: AGHAAHMADI MAJID , SAEIDI HOJJATOLLAH , ASSADI MOSTAFA
Published: February 2019

Based on a comprehensive study of freshly collected material, type and herbarium specimens Trigonella disperma is here typified and a full description, illustrations of the fruit and floral parts, a distribution map and taxonomic remarks provided for this species.
Two new species of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) from North of Iran
Authors: NAQINEZHAD ALIREZA , FAGHIR MARZIEH BEYGOM
Published: February 2019

Potentilla sangedehensis and Potentilla diversidentata are two new species collected from high montane areas of Sangedeh, Central Hyrcanian region, North of Iran. The former is related to the representatives of the section Curvisetae especially P. collettiana, P.  curviseta and P. pteropoda   and the later can be classified in the section Persicae, the most species–rich section in Iran. Detailed morphological descriptions of the new species, their photographs, and comparison of diagnostic traits with allied species are provided.
The genus Acropimpla Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: PHAM NHI THI , BROAD GAVIN R. , WÄGELE WOLFGANG J.
Published: February 2019

Six species of Acropimpla Townes, 1960 are recorded from Vietnam, of which three species are described as new: A. lampei sp. nov. from Ea So, Dak Lak Province, Central Highlands of Vietnam, A. mucronis sp. nov. from Cat Tien, Dong Nai Province, South Vietnam, and A. phongdienensis sp. nov. from Phong Dien, Thua Thuen-Hue Province, Central Vietnam. Two species, A. hapaliae (Rao, 1953) and A. taishunensis Liu, He & Chen, 2010 are recorded from Vietnam for the first time.
Two new species of Tamarixia (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California
Authors: ZUPARKO ROBERT L. , DE QUEIROZ DALVA LUIZ , LA SALLE JOHN
Published: February 2019

Tamarixia schina Zuparko sp. nov. and T. dahlsteni Zuparko sp. nov. are described. Both species have become established in California following their introductions from Chile and Australia, respectively, for control of invasive psyllids. Tamarixia schina is known from Calophya schini (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) on Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) and T. dahlsteni from Trioza eugeniae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Syzygium paniculatum (Myrtaceae). The use of Tamarixia in biological control is discussed, and an annotated list of world species including distribution, hosts, and host plants, is provided. Tetrastichus atamiensis Ashmead is transferred to Tamarixia as Tamarixia atamiensis (Ashmead) comb. n.
Monitoriella Hedqvist (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Brazil, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: SHIMBORI EDUARDO MITIO , PENTEADO-DIAS ANGÉLICA MARIA , NUNES JULIANO FIORELINI
Published: February 2019

Monitoriella Hedqvist is a phytophagous, gall-inducer Braconidae genus, known only from the New World. Its placement in a higher taxonomic level has been uncertain until recent phylogenetic investigations on cyclostome braconids, which reinforce its position in Doryctinae. Three new species of Monitoriella are described: M. costalimai sp. nov., M. spinata sp. nov., and M. ubatuba sp. nov., all from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Monitoriella anthurii is redescribed and illustrated. A key to all known species is provided.
Tetrigimyia minor, a new genus and species of Tachinidae (Diptera) parasitic on Formosatettix larvatus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) in Japan
Authors: SHIMA HIROSHI , TAKAHASHI HAJIME
Published: February 2019

A new genus and species of blondeliine tachinid, Tetrigimyia minor gen. et sp. nov., is described from Japan. This is a small oviparous tachinid parasitic on adults and larvae of a pygmy grasshopper, Formosatettix larvatus (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). A brief biological note on this species is added.
A new species of the family Sturmiidae (Collembola: Symphypleona) from Panama
Authors: CASTAÑO-MENESES GABRIELA , PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G.
Published: February 2019

Sturmius panamaensis sp. nov. from the canopies of the San Lorenzo Forest in Panama is described and illustrated. The new species lacks a pseudonychium on the ungues, has a smaller mucro than the other species in the genus, and females have long anal appendices. A key to identify the three species known in the family is provided.
Two new mountain lizard species of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Iguania) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: AVILA LUCIANO JAVIER
Published: February 2019

Two new species of lizards of the saxicolous and viviparous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia are described. The new species are members of the Phymaturus patagonicus species group distributed only in volcanic plateaus and mountains of southern Argentina. Phymaturus sitesi sp. nov. differs from all other members of the patagonicus group in its unique dorsal pattern of small white spots on a light-gray to brown-gray background and allopatric geographical distribution. Absence of sexual dichromatism differentiated Phymaturus sitesi sp. nov. from P. payuniae, P. zapalensis, and P. delheyi n. sp. , and the midbody scales count differentiated from the P. delheyi sp. nov. and P. nevadoi (with some overlap). Also Phymaturus sitesi sp. nov. presents lower count in the ventral scales than in P. delheyi sp. nov. Phymaturus delheyi sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the patagonicus group by unique dorsal pattern of medium size white spots on a dark-brown background and allopatric distribution. The presence of sexual dichromatism differentiates Phymaturus delheyi sp. nov. from P. sitesi sp. nov. and P. nevadoi. Scales around midbody differentiated Phymaturus delheyi sp. nov. from P. payuniae and P. sitesi sp. nov. Also ventral scale count differentiated Phymaturus delheyi sp. nov. from P. sitesi sp. nov. and P. nevadoi (with some overlap).
Redescription of Porcellio brevicaudatus Brandt, 1833 (Isopoda: Oniscidea); with some notes on other synonyms of Hemilepistus reaumurii (Milne-Edwards, 1840)
Authors: KASHANI GHASEM M. , WÄGELE JOHANN-WOLFGANG , SCHMALFUSS HELMUT
Published: February 2019

In the present study, Porcellio brevicaudatus Brandt, 1833 is resurrected and redescribed. It is shown that Hemilepistus sottii Arcangeli, 1932, H. rostratus Arcangeli, 1932 and H. patrizii Brian, 1932, currently synonyms of H. reaumurii (Milne-Edwards, 1840), are conspecific with P. brevicaudatus. The other synonyms of H. reaumurii are reinvestigated based on type material or comparison with descriptions. Porcellio syriacus Koch, 1847, Hemilepistus bodenheimeri Verhoeff, 1931, H. palaestinus Verhoeff, 1931 and Paraniambia tuberculata Collinge, 1914 are confirmed as synonymies.
First records of Asbestopluma hypogea Vacelet and Boury-Esnault, 1996 (Porifera, Demospongiae Cladorhizidae) on seamounts and in bathyal settings of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: AGUILAR RICARDO , CORREA MATTHIAS LÓPEZ , CALCINAI BARBARA , PASTOR XAVIER , DE LA TORRIENTE ANA , GARCIA SILVIA
Published: February 2019

The carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma hypogea, was known only from shallow submarine caves (-15 to -26 m) in the Western Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic. Herein A. hypogea is reported from outside of caves, on seamounts in the Alboran Sea (-167 m), off the Balearics (-100 m) and north off Sicily (-660 m), and along steep bathyal escarpments in the Strait of Sicily (~700 m). These deeper ROV-based findings of A. hypogea are conform to the typical deep-sea occurrence of the Cladorhizidae.
A new species of frogfish of the genus Histiophryne (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennariidae) from Queensland, Australia
Authors: ARNOLD RACHEL J. , PIETSCH THEODORE W.
Published: February 2019

Histiophryne maggiewalker, a new species of frogfish of the teleost order Lophiiformes, family Antennariidae, is described from six specimens collected in shallow waters off Queensland, Australia. The new taxon differs from its congeners in having a relatively long illicium and esca, the latter expanded distally, more or less rectangular; and genetic divergence in the nuclear recombination activation gene-2 (RAG2) and cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) genes. Members of the new species are black with a reticulate patterning discernible only with aid of a dissecting scope; or white with light brown spots. The new species is described and compared with its congeners.
Revision of Efflatouniella Kröber, 1927 (Diptera: Therevidae)
Authors: MOHAMMAD SALWA K. , BADRAWY HAITHAM B. M.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the genus Efflatouniella Kröber is rediagnosed and redescribed with material from Egypt and Israel. Efflatouniella aegyptiaca Kröber, 1927 is redescribed while E. legaensis sp. nov. and E. sinatica sp. nov. are described from South Sinai. Keys to the Egyptian phycine genera and to species of the genus Efflatouniella are included.
A new Ctenothrips from southwestern China (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: XIE YONGHUI , ZHANG HONGRUI , LI ZHENGYUE
Published: February 2019

The genus Ctenothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) was proposed by Franklin in 1907 with C. bridwelli as the type species from North America (Franklin, 1907). Up to now, eleven species have been known, all from the Holarctic region (Mound, 2011; Haga & Okajima, 1989; Kudo, 1977; Bhatti, 1976), and six of these have been described from China (Chen, 1979; Feng et al., 2003; Tong & Zhang, 1992). Though related to one of the most popular genera, Taeniothrips Amyot and Serville, by having similar head and antennae, Ctenothrips is distinctly characterized with polygonally reticulated body surface of abdomen and tube-like abdominal segment X. Species of the genus Ctenothrips have been found mainly in alpine regions, but we collected the new species described here from an area only as high as altitude of 900m in the southwest of China. In this paper, C. guizhouensis sp. n., is added as the twelfth member to this genus, and an identification key is provided to all 12 species, based mainly on descriptions. The new species was collected in the flowers of a species of Galium (Rubiaceae) at the Donggong temple, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. The type specimens are preserved in Yunnan Agricultural University.
Genera of Spore-Feeding Thysanoptera from Southeast Asia (Phlaeothripidae, Idolothripinae), with a species checklist from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: EOW L. X. , MOUND L. A. , NG Y. F.
Published: February 2019

An illustrated key is provided to the 31 genera of the subfamily Idolothripinae recorded from Southeast Asia, and a checklist provided to 34 species recorded from Peninsular Malaysia. Notes are given on the habitat preferences of these fungal spore-feeding thrips, together with for each genus some discussion of systematic relationships and species diversity.
Synopsis of the genus Oxathres Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: MONNÉ MIGUEL A. , TAVAKILIAN GERARD LUC
Published: February 2019

A synopsis of the genus Oxathres Bates, 1864 is presented. Three new species are described: Oxathres guyanensis sp. nov. from French Guiana and Brazil (Rondônia), O. boliviana sp. nov. and O. maculosa sp. nov. from Bolivia (Santa Cruz, La Paz). A key for the species is provided. All the species are illustrated.
An updated checklist of the phlebotomine sand flies of Veracruz, Mexico (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)
Authors: IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO , SUÁREZ-LANDA TERESA , MENDOZA FREDY
Published: February 2019

Previous records of phlebotomine sand flies from Mexico included 14 species in the state of Veracruz. In this work, new records of some species are given, including four species not previously known to occur in Veracruz and one previously unknown from Mexico. 18 species of Phlebotominae are now known to occur in Veracruz.
A new species of karst dwelling Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Laos
Authors: SCHNEIDER NICOLE , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , SCHMITZ ANDREAS , KINGSADA PHOUTHONE , AUER MARKUS , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: February 2019

We describe a new species of the gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus from northwestern Laos, based on a recent collection from Vientiane Province. Cyrtodactylus pageli sp. n. is distinguished from the remaining bent-toed-geckos by the combination of the following characters: snout-vent length up to 81.8 mm; 9–12 supralabials; 9 infralabials; 9–14 rows of dorsal tubercles; no distinct lateral body fold; 41–46 midbody ventrals; precloacal pores present in both sexes (males 4, females 5 or 6); no precloacal groove; femoral scales not distinctly enlarged; no femoral pores; subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe 19–26; subcaudals transversally enlarged; dark nuchal band, followed by a transversal row of dark neck blotches (rarely forming an additional transversal neck band) in-between nuchal band and first body band; 5 in part irregular dark dorsal bands between limb insertions plus transversal band between hind limbs; tail with banded pattern.
Two new species of cirolanid isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from Qeshm and Kish Islands in the Persian Gulf
Authors: KHALAJI-PIRBALOUTY VALIALLAH , WÄGELE JOHANN-WOLFGANG
Published: February 2019

Two new species of cirolanid isopods, Baharilana kiabii sp. nov. from the western coasts of Qeshm Island and Cirolana tarahomii sp. nov. from the northern cost of Kish Island and the western coasts of Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf are described. Baharilana kiabii sp. nov. is characterized by pleonite 5 with a median projection and a pleotelson with two longitudinal, parallel ridges and small tubercles on the dorsal surface. Cirolana tarahomii sp. nov. is distinguished by a lateral margins of the frontal lamina converging slightly towards the base, the distal margin is extended with a narrowly rounded apex; appendix masculina distally acute with bifid apex, pleotelson with a broadly rounded apex and 8 marginal robust setae, uropodal rami not deeply bifid.
A new species of Tropidurus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) of the semitaeniatus group from a semiarid area in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: PASSOS DANIEL CUNHA , LIMA DANIEL CASSIANO , BORGES-NOJOSA DIVA MARIA
Published: February 2019

A new species of Tropidurus of the semitaeniatus group is described from northeastern Brazil. Tropidurus sp. nov. is morphologically similar to other species of the group in the marked dorsoventral flattening of the body, and the presence of a series of sublabial shields that are larger than the adjacent scales. It is distinguished by a single middorsal longitudinal light stripe that extends from the snout to the scapular region. The new species appears to have the largest body size of the group. The new species inhabits the Vale do Jaguaribe, in the eastern part of the state of Ceará, where there are many fissured rocky outcrops surrounded by hypoxerophytic caatinga vegetation.
A remarkable new genus of Dikraneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: VIRAKTAMATH C. A. , DIETRICH C. H.
Published: February 2019

Sweta gen. n. is described and illustrated based on type species S. hallucinata sp. n. from northeast India and Thailand and placed in the typhlocybine tribe Dikraneurini. The new genus is unique among known Typhlocybinae in having the pronotum enlarged and extended to the scutellar suture. This feature is characteristic of the related subfamily Signoretiinae, but among other subfamilies is restricted to a few brachypterous forms.
Kiwigaster gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from New Zealand: the first Microgastrinae with sexual dimorphism in number of antennal segments
Authors: FERNANDEZ-TRIANA J. L. , WARD D. F. , WHITFIELD J. B.
Published: February 2019

A new and morphologically unusual genus of microgastrine Braconidae, Kiwigaster Fernandez-Triana, Whitfield and Ward, with one new species, K. variabilis Fernandez-Triana and Ward, is described from New Zealand, where it is widespread. A number of morphological features mark it as unique among Microgastrinae, the most striking being the males and females having different numbers of antennal flagellomeres (females 17, males 18). Other unusual characters suggest this may be the most early-diverging extant species of the subfamily, although comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have yet to be conducted. Nothing is yet known about its host(s) or other aspects of its biology.
Effects of work conditions on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults in South Korea
Authors: Park Sang-Mi
Published: February 2019

Background:

Korea has the highest rate of suicide in the world and has held this rank for the last decade. Suicide has risen especially sharply among 45- to 54-year-old Koreans; there were about 32.1 suicides per 100,000 individuals in 2015, and this contributed significantly to the rising suicide rate in Korea. Recently, adverse work conditions, including insecure employment and shift work, have been suggested as a suicide risk factor. However, little is known about the influence of insecure employment on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Furthermore, prior research has examined the association between shift work and suicidal ideation only among individuals engaged in specific jobs, such as police work or firefighting, and those investigations have not focused on middle-aged adults.

Aim:

This study investigated the influence of employment status and shift work on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults.

Methods:

The sample comprised waged, middle-aged adult employees ( n = 2,364) aged 45–64 years who had participated in the cross-sectional Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, this study evaluated the associations of employment status and shift work with suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults.

Results:

The major finding was that insecure employment status was independently associated with suicidal ideation in middle-aged adults (odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.27, 4.94]) and that shift work was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.14, 4.66]).

Conclusions:

The findings of this study highlight the need for multidimensional interventions regarding suicide, especially for middle-aged adults engaged in insecure jobs and shift work. Multidimensional interventions, including early screening for suicidal thoughts during routine medical check-ups, readily available work-based counselling programmes and regular monitoring, are likely to be useful.
Nigerian Immigrants as ‘Liminars’ in Ghana, West Africa: Narratives on Mobility, Immobility and Borderlands
Authors: Antwi Bosiakoh Thomas
Published: February 2019

The mobility/immobility research frontier in migration scholarship has gained ascendancy since the beginning of this century with some studies highlighting the need for broader global trends in cross-border mobility/immobility research. This article on Nigerian immigrants as ‘liminars’in Ghana, West Africa, is an attempt to join the global cross-border mobility/immobility discourse on mobile people. It is anchored in the qualitative research tradition with the empirical data generated through in-depth interviews, observations and market conversations with 41 Nigerian immigrant entrepreneurs in Accra (the capital of Ghana), Kumasi (the second largest city after Accra) and Ashaiman (a sprawling sub-urban settlement). In a three-theme analysis approach, the paper shows three intersections in mobilities, immobilities and borderland accounts, namely mobility/borderland, trapped/living in a borderland space, and immobility in temporal-spatial borderland, and places the immigrants into a liminar category. This article is a contribution to understanding the mobility/immobility research frontier from the perspective of the global south and its impact on global southern ‘citizens’.
The Silent Victims of Sexual Violence during War: Evidence from a List Experiment in Sri Lanka
Authors: Traunmüller Richard , Kijewski Sara , Freitag Markus
Published: February 2019

Sexual violence is believed to be widespread during war. Yet empirical evidence concerning its prevalence is often limited. Victims, out of feelings of shame or fear, underreport this form of violence. We tackle this problem by administering a list experiment in a representative survey in Sri Lanka, which is only recently recovering from an ethnic civil war between Sinhalese and Tamils. This unobtrusive method reveals that around 13 percent of the Sri Lankan population has personally experienced sexual assault during the war—a prevalence ten times higher than elicited by direct questioning. We also identify vulnerable groups: Tamils who have collaborated with rebel groups and the male-displaced population suspected of collaboration with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Our experimental evidence thus lends support to reports on the asymmetric use of sexual violence by government forces, qualifies conventional wisdom on sexual violence during war, and has important implications for policy.
Safety of temporary pacemaker wires
Authors: Elmistekawy Elsayed
Published: February 2019

It is routine practice to insert temporary pacemaker wires in cardiac surgery patients. In selected patients, temporary pacemakers are helpful in the management of cardiac surgery patients intra- and postoperatively. Although this practice is generally safe, a small percentage of patients may have complications at the time of insertion, during pacing postoperatively, at the time of pacemaker wire removal, or if temporary wires are retained inside the body. This review will shed some light on the safety issues of temporary pacemaker wire usage.
Modern technology–derived normative values for cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in adults
Authors: Eyeington Christopher T , Ancona Paolo , Osawa Eduardo A , Cutuli Salvatore L , Eastwood Glenn M , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: February 2019

Modern near-infrared spectroscopy technology is increasingly adopted to measure cerebral tissue oxygen saturation. However, the normal range of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in adults with such technology is unknown. We sought to measure cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in healthy volunteers using the novel O3 Regional Oximetry® device (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA) and assess its relationship with key physical and haemodynamic characteristics. For ≥5 minutes, we continuously recorded cerebral tissue oxygen saturation, pulse oximetry, cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. We assessed for differences in cerebral tissue oxygen saturation between hemispheres, sex, skin type, comorbidity or smoking status, and for associations between cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and age, height, weight, SpO2and haemodynamic parameters. We recorded >32,000 observations in 98 volunteers aged 22 to 60 years, including 41 (42%) males. One-fifth had one or more co morbidities ( n=22, 22.5%), one-tenth were either current or former-smokers ( n=13, 13%), and most had a Fitzpatrick skin type of 3 or lower ( n=84, 86%). The mean combined average cerebral tissue oxygen saturation was 67.6% (95% confidence interval 66.8%–68.6%). We found statistically significant differences in cerebral tissue oxygen saturation according to hemisphere and an association between cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and mean arterial pressure and cardiac index. The combined average cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in 98 healthy volunteers was 67.6% with a narrow confidence interval and no combined average cerebral tissue oxygen saturation was below 56%. We also observed statistically significant yet quantitatively small cerebral tissue oxygen saturation differences between hemispheres, and an association between cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and mean arterial pressure and cardiac index.
Access Separation at Interchanges: Examining Crash Rates on the Cross-Street and in the Transition Areas from Full to Partial Access Control
Authors: Barrette Timothy P. , Warner Jacob , Thompson Patricia , Savolainen Peter T.
Published: February 2019

Access control remains an important concern to roadway agencies as the spacing of at-grade access points significantly affects both the safety and operational performance of highways. Significant variability exists with respect to policies dictating where the first access points may occur in the vicinity of interchanges. This study examines two important spacing criteria, which include: (1) the distance from the freeway off-ramp to the first access on the interchanging arterial roadway; and (2) the distance from a freeway on-ramp to the first at-grade intersection in areas with partial access control. To investigate these relationships, a series of crash prediction models were estimated that examined how crash risk changed with respect to access spacing while controlling for the effects of traffic volume and other pertinent characteristics. The results illustrate that at cross-streets near ramp terminal intersections, the crash rate generally increases as the distance to the nearest access point decreases. The same trend was also true of freeway transition areas. Ultimately, this research illustrates a complex relationship that exists among the proximity of the exit point of the controlled access facility and the adjacent access point, the volume of traffic along the roadway, and the volume of traffic at the access point.
Compassion and Community in Perinatal Palliative Care: Understanding the Necessity of the Patient Perspective Through Narrative Illustration
Authors: Kuchemba-Hunter Jennifer
Published: February 2019

Advancing technology in reproductive medicine has led to more frequent perinatal diagnoses of fatal or life-limiting anomaly. For those parents who choose to continue pregnancies while facing such a diagnosis, compassionate and communal perinatal palliative care provides beneficial physical and psycho-socio-emotional support for these families, so that they may preserve and acknowledge the relationship with their child, no matter how brief his/her life.
Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto®)-Induced Hyponatremia
Authors: Fuzaylova Ilana , Lam Chester , Talreja Om , Makaryus Amgad N. , Ahern Deborah , Cassagnol Manouchkathe
Published: February 2019

Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto®) is the first commercially available angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) approved for use in heart failure patients with a reduced ejection fraction. It is a combination drug that contains sacubitril, a neprilysin inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Our report outlines a case of probable ARNI-induced hyponatremia occurring in an elderly woman with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. According to Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Assessment, score indicated a likely association between patient’s hyponatremia and her use of sacubitril/valsartan.
Development of a 4-DOF cane robot to enhance walking activity of elderly
Authors: Naeem Mohamed A , Assal Samy FM
Published: February 2019

Recently, the potential for assistive devices to enhance the walking activity of the elderly has increased. Elderly have muscle weakness in their lower limbs and they are liable to persistent injuries because of falling on the ground. Lately, different mobility aid robots, especially canes, have been proposed to improve their walking activity. The complicated design and the unsuitability for real-time fall prevention are two main demerits of the proposed cane robots in literature. In this paper, it is proposed to develop a simple yet effective 4-DOF cane robot for real-time fall prevention of elderly to work in two modes namely, normal walking and fall prevention. It consists of a stick that is connected to an omni-directional mobile platform by a simple revolute joint. In the normal walking mode, the cane robot is kinematically controlled to follow the human in the front and achieve a desired distance and orientation apart from the human. The quite short response time that is required to prevent the elderly falling by the cane robot is a challenging problem. So, based on the full dynamic model in the 3D space, an impedance controller whose parameters tuned by the genetic algorithm with force/torque constraints is developed. Additionally, for the sake of using the proposed cane robot by different users with different heights and interactive forces, a model reference adaptive control is imposed to the cane robot to overcome the system uncertainties. The results prove that the four DOFs are enough to prevent falling and the kinematic controller achieves the follow-in-the-front concept accurately as well as the dynamic responses are suitable for real-time fall prevention and ensure the robustness against the uncertainties.
Effect of processing parameters on dimensional accuracy and bending strength of graphite flake/phenolic resin powder mixture in SLS process
Authors: Wu Haihua , Sun Yu , Peng Jianhui , Huang Caihua , Ye Xicong
Published: February 2019

Graphite flake/phenolic resin powder mixture had been prepared via selective laser sintering process. A dimensional analysis involving radial and axial deviation was performed, and the effect of SLS process parameters (laser power, scan spacing, scan speed, layer thickness) in both radial and axial directions were investigated. Laser power is found to be the most significant process variable in radial dimensional accuracy, while in axial direction layer thickness and laser power are the most significant process variable by range analysis based on orthogonal experiment. The optimum combination of parameters in graphite flake/phenolic resin powders mixture SLS process for high dimensional accuracy in radial direction was laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer thickness of 20 W, 1500 m/s, 0.1 mm, and 0.1 mm, respectively, while the optimum combination of parameters in axial direction was laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer thickness of 20 W, 2000 mm/s, 0.1 mm, and 0.15 mm, respectively. Energy density was introduced to better incorporate the processing parameters with dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties, and both dimensional accuracy and bending strength were analyzed under varying energy density and layer thickness, and results showed that in the range of energy density of 0.075–0.15 J/mm2, layer thickness of 0.1–0.2 mm, a graphite flake/phenolic resin laser sintered part with appropriate bending strength and dimensional accuracy could be prepared.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the characteristics of flash-butt joints used in continuously welded rails
Authors: Ghazanfari Mohsen , Tehrani Parisa Hosseini
Published: February 2019

Continuously welded rails are widely used in the Iran railway network, which are generally built using the flash-butt welding process. To accurately model the flash-butt welding process, thermal analysis, and prediction of the welding residual stresses, the influence of upsetting force on the total electrical resistance and a material model with consideration of the influence of temperature on the material properties are included in the numerical modeling. In this paper, numerical and experimental studies, including the finite element method, thermography, metallography, and hardness testing are performed to determine the characteristics of the welded UIC60 rail. By studying the fractured flash-butt welded UIC60 rails, it is shown that the location of the crack initiation and the rail failure in the web and heat affected zone of the welded rails was similar as compared to the maximum tensile residual stress calculated by numerical simulation. According to the numerical and experimental results, it is shown that four key parameters – such as the maximum temperature during the welding process, the total welding time, the upsetting time, and the upsetting force – control the size, microstructure, and the hardness profile of the heat affected zone which directly affects the characteristics and quality of welding.
Holocene land cover and population dynamics in Southern France
Authors: Berger Jean-François , Shennan Stephen , Woodbridge Jessie , Palmisano Alessio , Mazier Florence , Nuninger Laure , Guillon Sebastien , Doyen Elise , Begeot Carole , Andrieu-Ponel Valérie , Azuara Julien , Bevan Andrew , Fyfe Ralph , Roberts C Neil
Published: February 2019

This paper describes long-term changes in human population and vegetation cover in southern France, using summed radiocarbon probability distributions and site count data as population proxies and information from fossil pollen cores as a proxy for past land cover. Southern France is particularly well-suited to this type of study as a result of previous programmes of intensive survey work and excavation in advance of large-scale construction. These make it possible to calibrate the larger scale occupation patterns in the light of the visibility issues created by the burial of archaeological sites beneath alluvial sediments. For purposes of analysis, the region was divided into three biogeographical zones (BGZ), going from the Mediterranean coast to the middle Rhône valley (MRV). All the different population proxies in a given zone show broadly similar patterns of fluctuation, though with varying levels of resolution. The long-term patterns in the different zones all show significant differences from the overall regional pattern, but this is especially the case for the non-Mediterranean middle Rhône area. Cluster analysis of pollen samples has been carried out to identify the main regional land cover types through the Holocene, which are increasingly dominated by open types over time. A variety of other pollen indicators show evidence of increasing human impact through time. Measures of human impact correlate strongly with the population proxies. A series of thresholds are identified in the population–human impact trajectory that are related to other changes in the cultural sequence. The lack of independent climate data for the region means that its impact cannot currently be assessed with confidence. However, for the later periods, it is clear that the incorporation of southern France into larger regional systems played a major role in accounting for changes in land cover and settlement.
An Analytical Method for Studying the Stress-Strain Relations of Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites under Tension
Authors: Jiang Yunpeng
Published: February 2019

In this contribution, an analytical model was formulated to predict the tensile stress-strain relations of bulk metallic glass matrix composites (BMGCs) based on Weng's theoretical frame for dual-ductile composites. For in-situ BMGCs, BMG matrix also exhibits the elastic-plastic deform response as well as the dendrite phases during the stretching. The shear bands are regarded as Mode-I cracks, and whereby the strain-softening stage in the stress-strain curves can be well reflected. Furthermore, multi-particle representative volume element based FEM modelling was employed to clearly explain the failure mechanisms in BMGCs as a necessary complement. The predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The presented analytical method will shed some light on optimizing the microstructures, and is of convenience in the engineering applications.
Thermomechanical fatigue life prediction method for nickel-based superalloy in aeroengine turbine discs under multiaxial loading
Authors: Li Fang-Dai , Shang De-Guang , Zhang Cheng-Cheng , Liu Xiao-Dong , Li Dao-Hang , Wang Jin-Jie , Hui Jie , Li Zhi-Gao , Chen Bo
Published: February 2019

The multiaxial thermomechanical fatigue properties for nickel-based superalloy GH4169 in aeroengine turbine discs are investigated in this paper. Four types of axial–torsional thermomechanical fatigue experiments were performed to identify the cyclic deformation behavior and the damage mechanism. The experimental results showed that the creep damage can be generated under thermally in-phase loading while it can be ignored under thermally out-of-phase loading, and the responded stress increasing phenomenon, that is, non-proportional hardening, can be shown under the mechanically out-of-phase strain loading. Based on the analysis of cyclic deformation behavior and damage mechanism, a life prediction method was proposed for multiaxial thermomechanical fatigue, in which the pure fatigue damage, the creep damage, and the interaction between them were simultaneously considered. The pure fatigue damage can be calculated by the isothermal fatigue parameters corresponding to the temperature without creep; the creep damage can be calculated by the principle of subdivision, and the creep–fatigue interaction can be determined by creep damage, fatigue damage, and an interaction coefficient which is used to reflect the creep–fatigue interaction strength. The predicted results showed that the proposed method is reasonable.
Response of bimaterials with interfacial tension subjected to axisymmetric body force
Authors: Chen XW , Yue ZQ
Published: February 2019

This paper presents an analytical treatment of the boundary value problem of an isotropic elastic bimaterial full space with interfacial tension subjected to an axisymmetric body force. The interfacial tension is modeled as the residual stress in the pre-tensed interfacial atom membrane on the basis of Gurtin and Murdoch’s surface theory. The generality of the present model is justified with several degenerated cases (e.g. classical bimaterials with bonded and unsinkable interface, homogeneous full space with interfacial tension, and half space with surface tension). By virtue of classical Hankel or Fourier transforms, the unconventional boundary value problems are addressed in a concise and systematic manner. The final solutions are all given in the form of a semi-infinite line integral. Particularly, the solutions for the interfacial response induced by interfacial point load can be obtained in exact closed form in terms of Struve and Bessel functions. Numerical results are presented to show the influence of interfacial tension on the induced responses. It is shown that the existence of interfacial tension can significantly influence the induced elastic fields and reduce the point load singularity. The results presented in this paper are useful and meaningful to the studies of nanocomposites, soft solids, and biological tissue, where the effects of surface/interface tension could be dominant.
Multiple Health Behaviors Engagement in an African American Cohort: Clustering Patterns and Correlates
Authors: Cho Dalnim , Nguyen Nga T. , Strong Larkin L. , Wu Ivan H. C. , John Jemima C. , Escoto Kamisha H. , Wetter David W. , McNeill Lorna H.
Published: February 2019

We investigated class clustering patterns of four behaviors—physical activity, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, smoking, and alcohol use—in a faith-based African American cohort. Guided by socio-ecological models, we also examined the psychosocial and neighborhood social environmental factors associated with the clustering patterns. Participants were 1,467 African American adults recruited from a mega church in the metropolitan Houston, TX, in 2008-2009. They completed a survey and health assessment. Latent class analysis and multinomial regression analysis were conducted. Results supported a three-class model: Class 1 was characterized by low physical activity, low F&V intake, and low substance use (smoking and alcohol use). Class 2 was characterized by high physical activity, low F&V intake, and mild drinking. Class 3 seemed to be the healthiest group, characterized by high physical activity, moderate-to-high F&V intake, and low substance use. The probabilities of being included in Classes 1, 2, and 3 were .33, .48, and .19, respectively. Participants in Class 1 (vs. Class 3) reported lower physical activity norm ( p < .001) and higher smoking norm ( p = .002) and lower neighborhood social cohesion ( p = .031). Participants in Class 2 (vs. Class 3) reported higher cancer risk perception ( p < .001), lower F&V norm ( p = .022), lower physical activity norm ( p < .001), higher smoking norm ( p < .001), and lower social cohesion ( p = .047). As health behaviors are clustered together, future interventions for African Americans may consider targeting multiple health behaviors instead of targeting a single health behavior. Interventions addressing social norm and neighborhood social cohesion may enhance multiple health behaviors engagement in this population.