bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasrallah v. Barr (U.S. Sup. Ct.)
Authors: Aka Philip C.
Published: October 2020

Immigration is a hotly debated issue in U.S. politics. Since his election, President Donald Trump has worked hard to implement his “immigration reform” agenda. Consistent with the aphorism that the “Supreme Court follows the election results,” the High Court seems to follow suit, with a resultant spike in the number of immigration cases on its docket.
BASES FOR FUNCTIONS BEYOND THE FIRST BAIRE CLASS
Authors: CARROY RAPHAËL , MILLER BENJAMIN D.
Published: October 2020

We provide a finite basis for the class of Borel functions that are not in the first Baire class, as well as the class of Borel functions that are not
$\sigma $
-continuous with closed witnesses.
Cardinal invariants of Haar null and Haar meager sets
Authors: Elekes Márton , Poór Márk
Published: October 2020

A subsetXof a Polish groupGisHaar nullif there exists a Borel probability measure μ and a Borel setBcontainingXsuch that μ(gBh) = 0 for everyg,h∈G. A setXisHaar meagerif there exists a compact metric spaceK, a continuous functionf:K→Gand a Borel setBcontainingXsuch thatf−1(gBh) is meager inKfor everyg,h∈G. We calculate (inZFC) the four cardinal invariants (add, cov, non, cof) of these two σ-ideals for the simplest non-locally compact Polish group, namely in the case$G = \mathbb {Z}^\omega$. In fact, most results work for separable Banach spaces as well, and many results work for Polish groups admitting a two-sided invariant metric. This answers a question of the first named author and Vidnyánszky.
Cooperative Pursuit Control for Multiple Underactuated Underwater Vehicles with Time Delay in Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Qi Xue , Cai Zhi-Jun
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the k-valued logic control network is introduced to study the cooperative pursuit control problem of multiple underactuated underwater vehicles (UUVs) with time delay in three-dimensional space. The semi-tensor product of matrices is used to solve the complex calculation problem of the large dimension matrix. The influence of communication delay on multiple UUVs’ optimization and cooperative pursuit control is expressed in a matrix. Under the leadership of evader UUV, the control algorithm can ensure that all the pursuit UUVs reach the desired position. The stability of the closed loop system is proved.
Validation of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system for Dutch
Authors: BRUYNEEL Eva , DEMURIE Ellen , BOTERBERG Sofie , WARREYN Petra , ROEYERS Herbert
Published: October 2020

The validity of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) System was evaluated for Dutch. 216 5-min samples (six samples per age per child) were selected from daylong recordings at 5, 10 and 14 months of age of native Dutch-speaking younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (N = 6) and of typically developing children (N = 6). Two native Dutch-speaking coders counted the amount of adult words (AWC), child vocalisations (CVC) and conversational turns (CT). Consequently, correlations between LENA and human estimates were explored. Correlations were high for AWC at all ages (r = .73 to .81). Regarding CVC, estimates were moderately correlated at 5 months (r = .57) but the correlation decreased at 10 (r = .37) and 14 months (r = .14). Correlations for CT were low at all ages (r = .19 to .28). Lastly, correlations were not influenced by the risk status of the children.
The minimum perfect matching in pseudo-dimension 0 < q < 1
Authors: Larsson Joel
Published: October 2020

It is known that for Kn,n equipped with i.i.d. exp (1) edge costs, the minimum total cost of a perfect matching converges to
$\zeta(2)=\pi^2/6$
in probability. Similar convergence has been established for all edge cost distributions of pseudo-dimension
$q \geq 1$
. In this paper we extend those results to all real positive q, confirming the Mézard–Parisi conjecture in the last remaining applicable case.
Family structure and affluence in adolescent eating behaviour: a cross-national study in forty-one countries
Authors: Zaborskis Apolinaras , Grincaitė Monika , Kavaliauskienė Aistė , Tesler Riki
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To investigate the family structure and affluence-related inequality in adolescent eating behaviour.

Design:

Multivariate binary logistic regression and path analyses were employed to evaluate the impact of family structure and affluence on the consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks among adolescents.

Setting:

The cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 2013/2014 across forty-one countries.

Participants:

Adolescents aged 11–15 years old (n192 755).

Results:

Adolescents from a non-intact family were less likely to eat daily fruits (OR 0·82; 95 % CI 0·80, 0·84), vegetables (OR 0·91; 95 % CI 0·89, 0·93) and sweets (OR 0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99), but were more likely to consume soft drinks (OR 1·14; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·17), compared with their counterparts from an intact family. Adolescents who had the lowest family affluence scores (FAS) were less likely to eat daily fruits (OR 0·51; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·53), vegetables (OR 0·58; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·60) and sweets (OR 0·94; 95 % CI 0·90, 0·97), but were more likely to consume soft drinks (OR 1·25; 95 % CI 1·20, 1·30), compared with their counterparts who had the highest FAS. Across countries, a wide range of social inequality in daily consumption of foods was observed.

Conclusions:

Among adolescents in Europe, Canada and Israel, there was a high level of family structure and family affluence inequalities in daily food consumption. Different aspects of family socio-economic circumstances should be considered at the national level designing effective interventions to promote healthy eating among adolescents.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Cyprus and its relationship to multi-morbidity: an epidemiological study
Authors: Kyprianidou Maria , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Faka Antigoni , Kambanaros Maria , Makris Konstantinos C , Christophi Costas A
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To examine the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the adult general population of Cyprus and assess its relationship with multi-morbidity.

Design:

A representative sample of the adult population of Cyprus was selected in 2018–2019 using stratified sampling. Demographics, Mediterranean diet, smoking and physical activity, as well as the presence of chronic, clinical and mental conditions, were collected using a validated questionnaire. Diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.

Setting:

The five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus.

Participants:

A total of 1140 Cypriot men and women over 18 years.

Results:

The average Mediterranean diet score was 15·5 ± 4·0 with males and residents of rural regions being more adherent to the Mediterranean diet compared with females and residents of urban regions (P < 0·05). Being in the higher tertile of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower odds of multi-morbidity compared with the lower tertile, and this result was statistically significant even after adjusting for age, gender, smoking habits and physical activity (OR = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·99).

Conclusions:

The study provides evidence of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Cypriot population and its association with multi-morbidity. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of multi-morbidity. Future research would attempt to replicate such results that could add solid pieces of evidence towards meeting some criteria of causality and severity tests; hence, prevention programmes and practice guidelines in Cyprus and elsewhere should take into account those beneficial effects.
Functional dentition and changes in dietary patterns among older adults in Thailand
Authors: Gaewkhiew Piyada , Sabbah Wael , Bernabé Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between functional dentition (FD) and changes in dietary patterns (DP) in older adults.

Design:

This was a 12-month prospective study, with dental examinations at baseline and questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. Dentition was classified as FD (containing ≥10 occlusal contacts), non-FD with dentures and non-FD without dentures. A 154-item FFQ assessed dietary intake in the previous month. Food items (servings/d) were combined into twenty-two food groups based on their similar nutrient profile, culinary use and previous studies in Thailand. DP were identified through factor analysis of baseline intake and applied scores were used to estimate changes in DP scores. The association between baseline FD (exposure) and change in each DP score (outcome) was tested in linear regression models adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, behaviours, chronic conditions, medications, total energy intake and DP score.

Setting:

Phetchaburi, Thailand.

Participants:

Totally, 788 community dwellers aged ≥ 60 years.

Results:

In total, 651 participants were retained after 12 months (82·6 % retention rate), of whom 14·1 % had FD. Having an FD was positively associated with larger increases in vegetable intake. Three DP were identified. Participants with FD had larger increases in healthy (0·13; 95 % CI: −0·13, 0·39) and carbohydrate-rich diets intake (0·12; 95 % CI: −0·17, 0·40) as well as larger reductions in meat-rich diet intake (−0·12; 95 % CI: −0·45, 0·21) than those with neither FD nor dentures. However, these differences were not significant.

Conclusion:

There was little support for an association between baseline FD and changes in DP.
The interplay between fast-food outlet exposure, household food insecurity and diet quality in disadvantaged districts
Authors: van der Velde Laura A , Zitman Femke MP , Mackenbach Joreintje D , Numans Mattijs E , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The current study aimed to explore the interplay between food insecurity, fast-food outlet exposure and dietary quality in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.

Design:

In this cross-sectional study, main associations between fast-food outlet density and proximity, food insecurity status and dietary quality were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equation analyses. We assessed potential moderation by fast-food outlet exposure in the association between food insecurity status and dietary quality by testing for effect modification between food insecurity status and fast-food outlet density and proximity.

Setting:

A deprived urban area in the Netherlands.

Participants:

We included 226 adult participants with at least one child below the age of 18 years living at home.

Results:

Fast-food outlet exposure was not associated with experiencing food insecurity (fast-food outlet density: b = −0·026, 95 % CI = −0·076; 0·024; fast-food outlet proximity: b = −0·003, 95 % CI = −0·033; 0·026). Experiencing food insecurity was associated with lower dietary quality (b = −0·48 per unit increase, 95 % CI = −0·94; −0·012). This association was moderated by fast-food outlet proximity (Pinteraction = 0·008), and stratified results revealed that the adverse effect of food insecurity on dietary quality was more pronounced for those with the nearest fast-food outlet located closer to the home.

Conclusions:

Food insecurity but not fast-food outlet density is associated with dietary quality. However, the association between food insecurity and dietary quality may be modified by the food environment. These findings could inform policymakers to promote a healthier food environment including less fast-food outlets, with particular emphasis on areas with high percentages of food insecure households.
Einfluss belastender Kindheitserfahrungen bei akuten Psychosen und ihr Zusammenhang mit Schwere und kurzfristigem Verlauf
Authors: Nischk Daniel , Kügler Friederike , Rockstroh Brigitte , Schalinski Inga
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Misshandlung, Missbrauch und Vernachlässigung (MMV) in der Kindheit stehen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für schizophrene Spektrumsstörungen sowie einem schlechten Verlauf in Zusammenhang. Fragestellung: 1.) Wie verteilen sich die Schweregrade von MMV bei Patient_innen im Vergleich zu Gesunden? 2.) Ist MMV mit höherer Erkrankungsschwere zu Behandlungsbeginn sowie 3.) einem schlechteren Verlauf einer akuten Psychose assoziiert? Methode: MMV wurde bei Patient_innen mit schizophrenen Spektrumsstörungen ( n = 101) und Gesunden ( n = 50) erhoben. Die Patient_innen wurden bei der stationären Aufnahme (t1), Entlassung (t2) und sechs Monate später (t3) untersucht. Ergebnisse: 1.) Gegenüber Kontrollpersonen zeigte sich ein ansteigender Anteil von Patient_innen mit mittleren und hohen MMV-Schweregraden. MMV-Erfahrungen waren zudem 2.) mit häufigerer psychiatrischer Komorbidität sowie 3.) mit höherer Depressivität, störungsunspezifischer Symptomatik und geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit im Verlauf assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: MMV-Erfahrungen sind für Erkrankungschwere und akuten Verlauf von schizophrenen Spektrumsstörungen bedeutsam.
Bindungsrepräsentationen von pädagogischen Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen
Authors: Mayer Daniela , Berkic Julia , Becker-Stoll Fabienne
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Bisher weiß man wenig darüber, durch welche Faktoren eine hohe Interaktions- und Beziehungsqualität von pädagogischen Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen gefördert oder beeinträchtigt wird. Gemäß der Bindungstheorie wird angenommen, dass das Interaktionsverhalten von Betreuungspersonen vom inneren Arbeitsmodell von Bindung maßgeblich mitbeeinflusst wird. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Bindungsrepräsentation von n = 66 pädagogischen Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen in Deutschland anhand des Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985 ) erfasst. Es zeigte sich eine Verteilung der Bindungsrepräsentationen vergleichbar mit nicht-klinischen Stichproben laut der Metaanalyse von Bakermans-Kranenburg und van IJzendoorn (2009) . Dabei bestanden keine Unterschiede zwischen Fachkräften in Kindergärten und Krippen. Es zeigte sich allerdings ein Einfluss des Alters der Fachkräfte dahingehend, dass jüngere Fachkräfte häufiger über eine sichere Bindungsrepräsentation und seltener über einen unverarbeiteten Verlust bzw. ein unverarbeitetes Trauma verfügten. Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis zur Förderung von positiven Fachkraft-Kind-Interaktionen und -Beziehungen werden diskutiert.
Zur Vorhersage der Schriftsprache durch vorschulische Kompetenzen
Authors: Huschka Sina Simone , Emde Kim Raquel , Brandenburg Janin
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. In Deutschland wachsen viele Kinder mit mehr als nur einer Muttersprache auf – dies kann ein mögliches Risiko für den Schriftspracherwerb darstellen, wenn die Unterrichtssprache Deutsch nicht ausreichend beherrscht wird. Wichtige Grundlagen für den Schriftspracherwerb werden bereits vor dem Schuleintritt gelegt. Daher beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Studie mit der Frage, ob die Vorhersage von Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen durch vorschulische Kompetenzen für einsprachig deutsche Kinder und mehrsprachige Kinder vergleichbar ist. Bei 162 einsprachig und 143 mehrsprachig aufwachsenden Kindern wurden im letzten Kindergartenjahr die phonologische Bewusstheit, die Benenngeschwindigkeit, die phonologische Schleife und die behaviorale Selbstregulation erfasst. Am Ende der ersten Klasse erfolgte die Überprüfung von Lesegeschwindigkeit, Leseverständnis und Rechtschreiben. Die durchgeführten Strukturgleichungsmodelle zeigten zum Teil differenzielle Prädiktionsmuster für die Gruppen: Bei den mehrsprachigen Kindern war nur die Benenngeschwindigkeit prädiktiv für die Lesegeschwindigkeit, bei den einsprachigen Kindern zusätzlich die phonologische Schleife. Für das Leseverständnis und das Rechtschreiben setzte sich bei den mehrsprachigen Kindern einzig die phonologische Bewusstheit als Prädiktor durch, während bei den einsprachigen Kindern die Benenngeschwindigkeit ebenfalls prädiktiv war.
Genetic aberrations in DNA repair pathways: a cornerstone of precision oncology in prostate cancer
Authors: Lozano Rebeca , Castro Elena , Aragón Isabel M. , Cendón Ylenia , Cattrini Carlo , López-Casas Pedro P. , Olmos David
Published: October 2020

Over the past years, several studies have demonstrated that defects in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes are present in a significant proportion of patients with prostate cancer. These alterations, particularly mutations in BRCA2, are known to be associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and more aggressive forms of the disease. There is growing evidence that certain DDR gene aberrations confer sensitivity to poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors and/or platinum chemotherapy, while other defects might identify cases that are more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition. The potential prognostic impact and relevance for treatment selection together with the decreasing costs and broader accessibility to next-generation sequencing have already resulted in the increased frequency of genetic profiling of prostate tumours. Remarkably, almost half of all DDR genetic defects can occur in the germline, and prostate cancer patients identified as mutation carriers, as well as their families, will require appropriate genetic counselling. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge regarding the biology and clinical implications of DDR defects in prostate cancer, and outline how this evidence is prompting a change in the treatment landscape of the disease.
Excessive phospholipid peroxidation distinguishes ferroptosis from other cell death modes including pyroptosis
Authors: Wiernicki Bartosz , Dubois Hanne , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Hassannia Behrouz , Bayir Hülya , Kagan Valerian E. , Vandenabeele Peter , Wullaert Andy , Vanden Berghe Tom
Published: October 2020

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) drives ferroptosis execution. However, LPO has been shown to contribute also to other modes of regulated cell death (RCD). To clarify the role of LPO in different modes of RCD, we studied in a comprehensive approach the differential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phospholipid peroxidation products, and lipid ROS flux in the major prototype modes of RCD viz. apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. LC-MS oxidative lipidomics revealed robust peroxidation of three classes of phospholipids during ferroptosis with quantitative predominance of phosphatidylethanolamine species. Incomparably lower amounts of phospholipid peroxidation products were found in any of the other modes of RCD. Nonetheless, a strong increase in lipid ROS levels was detected in non-canonical pyroptosis, but only during cell membrane rupture. In contrast to ferroptosis, lipid ROS apparently was not involved in non-canonical pyroptosis execution nor in the release of IL-1β and IL-18, while clear dependency on CASP11 and GSDMD was observed. Our data demonstrate that ferroptosis is the only mode of RCD that depends on excessive phospholipid peroxidation for its cytotoxicity. In addition, our results also highlight the importance of performing kinetics and using different methods to monitor the occurrence of LPO. This should open the discussion on the implication of particular LPO events in relation to different modes of RCD.
Antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease
Authors: Horst Andrea Kristina , Kumashie Kingsley Gideon , Neumann Katrin , Diehl Linda , Tiegs Gisa
Published: October 2020

The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic tolerance. The liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and maintenance. Orchestrating the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment, which is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating leukocytes. In response to pathogens or autoantigens, tolerance is disrupted by unknown mechanisms. Intrahepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting properties. The presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-, metabolite- and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or tolerance. Perturbation of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Although the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown, it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids, as well as alterations in bile acid composition, may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective anti-inflammatory regulatory T and B cell responses. Additionally, the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different (non) immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and tolerance. Here, we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
Modulation of complement activation by pentraxin-3 in prostate cancer
Authors: Stallone Giovanni , Netti Giuseppe Stefano , Cormio Luigi , Castellano Giuseppe , Infante Barbara , Pontrelli Paola , Divella Chiara , Selvaggio Oscar , Spadaccino Federica , Ranieri Elena , Sanguedolce Francesca , Pennella Antonio , Gesualdo Loreto , Carrieri Giuseppe , Grandaliano Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an essential component of the innate immune system and a recognized modulator of Complement cascade. The role of Complement system in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer has been largely underestimated. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of PTX3 as possible modulator of Complement activation in the development of this neoplasia. We performed a single center cohort study; from January 2017 through December 2018, serum and prostate tissue samples were obtained from 620 patients undergoing prostate biopsy. A group of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent a second biopsy within 12–36 months demonstrating the presence of a prostate cancer (Group A, n = 40) or confirming the diagnosis of BPH (Group B, N = 40). We measured tissue PTX3 protein expression together with complement activation by confocal microscopy in the first and second biopsy in group A and B patients. We confirmed that that PTX3 tissue expression in the first biopsy was increased in group A compared to group B patients. C1q deposits were extensively present in group A patients co-localizing and significantly correlating with PTX3 deposits; on the contrary, C1q/PTX3 deposits were negative in group B. Moreover, we found a significantly increased expression of C3a and C5a receptors within resident cells in group A patient. Interestingly, C1q/PTX3 deposits were not associated with activation of the terminal Complement complex C5b-9; moreover, we found a significant increase of Complement inhibitor CD59 in cancer tissue. Our data indicate that PTX3 might play a significant pathogenic role in the development of this neoplasia through recruitment of the early components of Complement cascade with hampered activation of terminal Complement pathway associated with the upregulation of CD59. This alteration might lead to the PTX3-mediated promotion of cellular proliferation, angiogenesis and insensitivity to apoptosis possible leading to cancer cell invasion and migration.
Image-guided cochlear access by non-invasive registration: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Wang Jiang , Liu Hongsheng , Ke Jia , Hu Lei , Zhang Shaoxing , Yang Biao , Sun Shilong , Guo Na , Ma Furong
Published: October 2020

Image-guided cochlear implant surgery is expected to reduce volume of mastoidectomy, accelerate recovery, and improve safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of image-guided cochlear implant surgery by a non-invasive registration method, in a cadaveric study. We developed a visual positioning frame that can utilize the maxillary dentition as a registration tool and completed the tunnels experiment on 5 cadaver specimens (8 cases in total). The accuracy of the entry point and the target point were 0.471 ± 0.276 mm and 0.671 ± 0.268 mm, respectively. The shortest distance from the margin of the tunnel to the facial nerve and the ossicular chain were 0.790 ± 0.709 mm and 1.960 ± 0.630 mm, respectively. All facial nerves, tympanic membranes, and ossicular chains were completely preserved. Using this approach, high accuracy was achieved in this preliminary study, suggesting that the non-invasive registration method can meet the accuracy requirements for cochlear implant surgery. Based on the above accuracy, we speculate that our method can also be applied to neurosurgery, orbitofacial surgery, lateral skull base surgery, and anterior skull base surgery with satisfactory accuracy.
Harnessing consumer smartphone and wearable sensors for clinical cancer research
Authors: Low Carissa A.
Published: October 2020

As smartphones and consumer wearable devices become more ubiquitous, there is a growing opportunity to capture rich mobile sensor data continuously, passively, and in real-world settings with minimal burden. In the context of cancer, changes in these passively sensed digital biomarkers may reflect meaningful variation in functional status, symptom burden, quality of life, and risk for adverse clinical outcomes. These data could enable real-time remote monitoring of patients between clinical encounters and more proactive, comprehensive, and personalized care. Over the past few years, small studies across a variety of cancer populations support the feasibility and potential clinical value of mobile sensors in oncology. Barriers to implementing mobile sensing in clinical oncology care include the challenges of managing and making sense of continuous sensor data, patient engagement issues, difficulty integrating sensor data into existing electronic health systems and clinical workflows, and ethical and privacy concerns. Multidisciplinary collaboration is needed to develop mobile sensing frameworks that overcome these barriers and that can be implemented at large-scale for remote monitoring of deteriorating health during or after cancer treatment or for promotion and tailoring of lifestyle or symptom management interventions. Leveraging digital technology has the potential to enrich scientific understanding of how cancer and its treatment affect patient lives, to use this understanding to offer more timely and personalized support to patients, and to improve clinical oncology outcomes.
Application of lectin-based biosensor technology in the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria: a review
Authors: Mi Fang , Guan Ming , Hu Cunming , Peng Fei , Sun Shijiao , Wang Xiaomei
Published: October 2020

Foodborne diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to human health.
An unusual Ni2Si2P8cluster formed by complexation and thermolysis
Authors: Ziegler Christoph G. P. , Taube Clemens , Kelly John A. , Hierlmeier Gabriele , Uttendorfer Maria , Weigand Jan J. , Wolf Robert
Published: October 2020

A ternary Ni2Si2P8cluster compound is formed selectively by thermolysis of a well-defined nickel complex. This reaction illustrates a potentially useful strategy for the preparation of heteroatom-doped transition metal-phosphide clusters.
Fluorogenic Pt complexes distinguish the quantity and folding behavior of RNA G-quadruplexes between live cancerous and healthy cells
Authors: He Lei , Meng Zhenyu , Guo Qianqian , Wu Xiangyang , Teulade-Fichou Marie-Paule , Yeow Edwin Kok Lee , Shao Fangwei
Published: October 2020

Fluorogenic Pt complexes were developed to track and compare the intracellular un/folding behaviors of RNA G-quadruplexes among different cell lines.
Ratiometric sensing of fluoride ions using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tipping William J. , Wilson Liam T. , Blaseio Sonja K. , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan
Published: October 2020

A simple ratiometric sensor based on Raman spectroscopy enables rapid fluoride ion detection in a paper-based assay using a portable spectrometer.
Catalytic O2 activation with synthetic models of α-ketoglutarate dependent oxygenases
Authors: Sánchez-Eguía Brenda N. , Serrano-Plana Joan , Company Anna , Costas Miquel
Published: October 2020

An iron complex with a tridentate 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligand mimics structural and functional features of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dependent enzymes, and engages in catalytic O2 activation coupled to α-KG decarboxylation and sulfide oxygenation.
Nickel-catalyzed insertions of vinylidenes into Si–H bonds
Authors: Biswas Sourish , Pal Sudipta , Uyeda Christopher
Published: October 2020

Nickel catalysts promote intramolecular and intermolecular reductive insertions of 1,1-dichloroalkenes into Si–H bonds.
A self-accelerated biocatalyst for glucose-initiated tumor starvation and chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Deng Fuan , Fan Guiling , Yuan Ping , Liu Yibin , Huang Chuyu , Zhao Linping , Wang Xin , Yu Xiyong , Cheng Hong , Li Shiying
Published: October 2020

A self-accelerated biocatalyst (Bio-Cat) was developed based on BSA and GOx crosslinked nanoproteins for glucose-initiated tumor starvation and chemodynamic therapy.
Optical properties of thickness-controlled PtSe2thin films studiedviaspectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: He Junbo , Jiang Wei , Zhu Xudan , Zhang Rongjun , Wang Jianlu , Zhu Meiping , Wang Songyou , Zheng Yuxiang , Chen Liangyao
Published: October 2020

We revealed the influences of strong interlayer interactions on optical transitions and excitons in layered PtSe2films.
Hierarchical electrode design of highly efficient and stable unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) for long-term energy storage
Authors: Peng Xiong , Taie Zachary , Liu Jiangjin , Zhang Yaqian , Peng Xinxing , Regmi Yagya N. , Fornaciari Julie C. , Capuano Christopher , Binny Dustin , Kariuki Nancy N. , Myers Deborah J. , Scott Mary C. , Weber Adam Z. , Danilovic Nemanja
Published: October 2020

The unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is a promising electrochemical device for intermittent renewable energy storage in chemical bonds.
Interface tailoring by a versatile functionalization platform for nanostructured wood biocomposites
Authors: Montanari Céline , Olsén Peter , Berglund Lars A.
Published: October 2020

A sustainable, selective and versatile chemical functionalization platform for cellulosic templates is developed. The interface tailoring method was applied to transparent wood biocomposites for controlled interfacial adhesion.
A new antiferromagnetic Dy6 oxido-material as a multifunctional aqueous phase sensor for picric acid as well as Fe3+ ions
Authors: Raizada Mukul , Shahid M. , Hussain Sameer , Ashafaq Mo , Siddiqi Zafar A.
Published: October 2020

A new Dy6-oxo based multisensory material for picric acid and ferric cations in aqueous medium is developed and characterized.
Superhard three-dimensional carbon with one-dimensional conducting channels
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chai Changchun , Fan Qingyang , Song Yanxing , Yang Yintang
Published: October 2020

C10: A superhard sp2 + sp3 hybridized carbon allotrope with a three-dimensional network and one-dimensional conducting channels as predicted by first principles calculations.
Dehydration of glucose/fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) over an easily recyclable sulfated titania (SO42−/TiO2) catalyst
Authors: Tomer Richa , Biswas Prakash
Published: October 2020

An efficient SO42−/TiO2 catalyst was developed which demonstrated a maximum of ∼75% and ∼37% yield of 5-HMF in the presence of fructose and glucose, respectively. Brønsted/Lewis acidic ratio of catalyst played a crucial role in the yield of 5-HMF.
A poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) gel electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells with improved photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Shahbaz Sadia , Tahir Asif Ali , Mallick Tapas , Siyabi Idris Al , Alfaifi Bandar Y. , Ahmed Safeer
Published: October 2020

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on a poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) based gel electrolyte gave a photo conversion efficiency of 6.72%.
Molecular engineering of the alkyl chain in planar carbazole dyes toward efficient interfacial charge transfer processes
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Zhang Xiaomin , Pang Zhihan , Wu Wenjun , Liu Bo
Published: October 2020

With the extension of the alkyl chain, the interfacial charge transfer processes are effectively improved.
Multi‐camera multiple vehicle tracking in urban intersections based on multilayer graphs
Authors: Delavarian Mohadeseh , Reza Marouzi Omid , Hassanpour Hamid , Parizi Reza M. , Khan Mohammad S.
Published: October 2020

Vehicle visual tracking is a challenging issue in intelligent transportation systems. The tracking gets more challenging when vehicles change direction at intersections. Undetermined motion flows, occlusion, and congestion are the potential issues of vehicle tracking at intersections. In this study, a new method for tracking multiple vehicles from a multi‐view is proposed to overcome occlusion caused at the intersections with undetermined motion flows. In the authors’ method, a multilayer graph is presented that assigns motion flows to distinct layers with different neighbourhoods for each layer represented by the graph's edges. Hence, the vehicle trajectories are distributed among layers such that vehicles entering from the same side with similar motion flows are assigned to the same layer. All multilayer graphs of different views are mapped to the graph of the selected view. Then, tracking is performed on the distinct layers of the mapped multilayer graph by computing min‐cost flows. In cases such as vehicle crossing, misdetection, or occlusion, the method can predict the vehicle's tracks by using history, layer neighbourhoods, and other views’ information. Experimental results show a consistency of the ground truth and the analysis obtained using the proposed method in tracking vehicles in the inner part of the intersection.
Bayesian information fusion and multitarget tracking for maritime situational awareness
Authors: Gaglione Domenico , Soldi Giovanni , Meyer Florian , Hlawatsch Franz , Braca Paolo , Farina Alfonso , Win Moe Z.
Published: October 2020

The goal of maritime situational awareness (MSA) is to provide a seamless wide‐area operational picture of ship traffic in coastal areas and the oceans in real time. Radar is a central sensing modality for MSA. In particular, oceanographic high‐frequency surface‐wave (HFSW) radars are attractive for surveying large sea areas at over‐the‐horizon distances, due to their low environmental footprint and low power requirements. However, their design is not optimal for the challenging conditions prevalent in MSA applications, thus calling for the development of dedicated information fusion and multisensor‐multitarget tracking algorithms. In this study, the authors show how the multisensor‐multitarget tracking problem can be formulated in a Bayesian framework and efficiently solved by running the loopy sum‐product algorithm on a suitably devised factor graph. Compared to previously proposed methods, this approach is advantageous in terms of estimation accuracy, computational complexity, implementation flexibility, and scalability. Moreover, its performance can be further enhanced by estimating unknown model parameters in an online fashion and by fusing automatic identification system (AIS) data and context‐based information. The effectiveness of the proposed Bayesian multisensor‐multitarget tracking and information fusion algorithms is demonstrated through experimental results based on simulated data as well as real HFSW radar data and real AIS data.
Navigation error prediction for UWAN based on AUV
Authors: Fu Jin , Li Jing , Sun Sibo
Published: October 2020

An underwater acoustical navigation (UWAN) system is widely used on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The navigation error prediction is of great significance to the design, use, and capability upgrade for the UWAN system. Owing to the trend of faster AUV and the need for higher navigation accuracy, traditional navigation models are mismatched. Besides, they adopt fixed input errors (including measurement errors of sound velocity, time delay, and array position), which are inconsistent with the real complex acoustic channel. As a consequence, the prediction accuracy of the navigation error is greatly reduced. The authors proposed a novel navigation error prediction method for UWAN based on AUV. Firstly, they established the acoustical navigation model for moving AUV and deduced the error prediction formula. Secondly, considering the complex underwater acoustic channel, they applied the variable error models as the inputs of the prediction formula. Finally, simulations and experiments in different situations verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method will provide effective theoretical support for the performance evaluation of the UWAN system based on moving AUV.
Inferring the internal structure of γ Doradus variables from Rossby modes
Authors: Takata M. , Ouazzani R.-M. , Saio H. , Christophe S. , Ballot J. , Antoci V. , Salmon S. J. A. J.
Published: October 2020

A unique type of oscillation modes has recently been identified in γ Doradus variables. These low-frequency modes are called Rossby modes (or r modes) because they consist of Rossby waves in each spherical layer. These waves are characterised by toroidal motions that are restored by the latitudinal variation in the Coriolis force. The horizontal oscillations are weakly coupled in the radial direction. We show that these modes can be used to probe the interior of the stars. The method of the ν − √Δν diagram, which has originally been developed to analyse another type of modes, Kelvin g-modes (or prograde sectoral g-modes), is extended to take Rossby modes into account. We first show based on a theoretical model and then on two stars, KIC 3240967 and KIC 12066947, that the method can be adapted to Rossby modes straightforwardly. In addition, we demonstrate that simultaneous analysis of Kelvin and Rossby modes results in (1) smaller uncertainties in the internal rotation rate and the characteristic period of gravity modes, and (2) a substantial reduction of the correlation between the estimates of the two parameters.
A statistical study of plasmoids associated with a post-CME current sheet
Authors: Patel Ritesh , Pant Vaibhav , Chandrashekhar Kalugodu , Banerjee Dipankar
Published: October 2020

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are often observed to be accompanied by flare, current sheets, and plasmoids/plasma blobs. 2D and 3D numerical simulations and observations reported plasmoids moving upward as well as downward along the current sheet.

Aims. We aim to investigate the properties of plasmoids observed in the current sheet formed after an X-8.3 flare and followed by a fast CME eruption on September 10, 2017 using extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and white-light coronagraph images. The main goal is to understand the evolution of plasmoids in different spatio-temporal scales using existing ground- and space-based instruments.

Methods. We identified the plasmoids manually and tracked them along the current sheet in the successive images of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) taken at the 131 Å pass band and in running difference images of the white-light coronagraphs, K-Cor and LASCO/C2. The location and size of the plasmoids in each image were recorded and analyzed, covering the current sheet from the inner to outer corona.

Results. We find that the observed current sheet has an Alfvén Mach number of 0.018−0.35. The fast reconnection is also accompanied by plasmoids moving upward and downward. We identified 20 downward-moving and 16 upward-moving plasmoids using AIA 131 Å images. In white-light coronagraph images, only upward-moving plasmoids are observed. Our analysis shows that the downward-moving plasmoids have an average width of 5.92 Mm, whereas upward-moving blobs have an average size of 5.65 Mm in the AIA field of view (FOV). The upward-moving plasmoids, when observed in the white-light images, have an average width of 64 Mm in the K-Cor, which evolves to a mean width of 510 Mm in the LASCO/C2 FOV. Upon tracking the plasmoids in successive images, we find that downward- and upward-moving plasmoids have average speeds of ∼272 km s−1 and ∼191 km s−1, respectively in the EUV channels of observation. The average speed of plasmoids increases to ∼671 km s−1 and ∼1080 km s−1 in the K-Cor and LASCO/C2 FOVs, respectively, implying that the plasmoids become super-Alfvénic when they propagate outward. The downward-moving plasmoids show an acceleration in the range of −11 km s−1 to over 8 km s−1. We also find that the null point of the current sheet is located at ≈1.15 R⊙, where bidirectional plasmoid motion is observed.

Conclusions. The width distribution of plasmoids formed during the reconnection process is governed by a power law with an index of −1.12. Unlike previous studies, there is no difference in trend for small- and large-scale plasmoids. The evolution of width W of the plasmoids moving at an average speed V along the current sheet is governed by an empirical relation: V = 115.69W0.37. The presence of accelerating plasmoids near the neutral point indicates a longer diffusion region as predicted by MHD models.
An action-research exploration of value chain development from field to consumer based on organic hempseed oil in Sicily
Authors: Colombo Luca , Guccione Giovanni Dara , Canali Stefano , Iocola Ileana , Antier Clémentine , Morel Kevin
Published: October 2020

Although hemp cultivation is increasingly perceived as a promising option in terms of crop diversification, especially in semi-arid conditions such as in the Mediterranean region, its adoption remains limited thus constraining the development of hemp value chains at a larger scale. Our objective was to explore suitable conditions, at farm and downstream levels, for organic hempseed oil production in Sicily, taking on an action-research perspective that involves local actors. Based on a preliminary characterisation of barriers to organic hemp development at different value chain levels, we carried out targeted complementary investigation: (i) assessment on agroenvironmental performances of integrating hemp in durum wheat-based rotations; (ii) chemical analysis of local hempseed oil; (iii) exploration of marketing opportunities and value chain development. Our results showed that the lack of technical and economic knowledge as well as the deficiencies of suitable cultivars and adequate machinery were the main barriers for the organic hemp value chain development in Sicily. The analysis of agroenvironmental performances also revealed both strengths and weaknesses of hemp introduction in durum-wheat based rotations. Despite the identified limitations, we demonstrated that the organic hemp value chains represent interesting perspectives for the Sicilian farming sector, particularly in case of substantial barriers removal or adaptation.
Under-Recognition of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury and Lack of Follow-Up
Authors: Roy Jean-Philippe , Goldstein Stuart L. , Schuh Meredith P.
Published: October 2020

Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence is 30% in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). AKI is associated with increased mortality and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. To assess follow-up and early CKD, we retrospectively reviewed outcomes of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) cohort of neonates from the AWAKEN trial (2014).

Study Design Data from 81 CCHMC patients were extracted from the AWAKEN dataset. KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria for serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output (UOP) <1 mL/kg/h, reported per 24 hours on postnatal days 2 to 7, were used to define AKI. Charts were reviewed until May 2019 for death, nephrology consult, AKI diagnosis on discharge summary, follow-up, and early CKD at >6 months of age (defined as: estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, hyperfiltration, proteinuria, hypertension, or abnormal ultrasound). Patients were considered to have renal follow-up if they had ≥1 follow-up visit containing: SCr, urinalysis, or blood pressure measurement.

Results Seventy-seven patients had sufficient data to ascertain AKI diagnosis. In total 47 of 77 (61%) were AKI+ by SCr or UOP criteria (20 stage 1, 14 stage 2, 13 stage 3). Four died during their admission and five were removed from CKD analyses due to urologic anomalies. AKI-UOP alone outnumbered AKI-SCr (45 AKI+ vs 5 AKI+ for all stages). 33% of patients had <2 SCr measured while inpatient. Only 3 of 47 AKI+ patients had a nephrology consult (all stage 3 by SCr) and 2 of 47 had AKI included in discharge summary. 67% of AKI+ patients had follow-up. In total 10 of 43 (23%) AKI+ versus 12 of 25 (48%) AKI− patients had ≥1 marker of early CKD assessed after 6 months. Based on SCr, 3 of 7 (43%) AKI+ had hyperfiltration versus 0 of 7 (0%) AKI− (p = 0.19).

Conclusion AKI is vastly under-recognized in the NICU, especially if based on SCr alone. This leads to insufficient follow-up to ascertain renal sequelae in this high-risk population.

Key Points
Factors influencing the use of e-learning facilities by students in a private Higher Education Institution (HEI) in a developing economy
Authors: Eze Sunday C. , Chinedu-Eze Vera C. A. , Okike Clinton K. , Bello Adenike O.
Published: October 2020

While research into the adoption of e-learning in Nigeria has mainly focused on its use in public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), there is still a lack of research on factors affecting students’ use of e-learning in private HEIs in Nigeria. This study, therefore, explores factors influencing the use of e-learning by students in private HEIs in Nigeria using Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework. We use a data collection method encompassing semi-structured interviews with 15 students from L-University drawn purposefully from the Landmark directory and a hybrid thematic analysis to analyse the data. Our findings reveal that technology-related factors (ease of use, speed accessibility and service delivery), organisation-related factors (training support and diversity), environment-related factors (attitudes of the users) and impact-related factors (learning experience, skill development, academic performance, and degree of engagement) influence the students’ adoption of e-learning facilities. We develop an extended TOE framework that integrates the impact context which considers the students likely expectations if these facilities are fully adopted and implemented. The study also unveils techniques that may accelerate the development of e-learning structure in private HEIs and which could provide the opportunity of assisting communities of learners to adopt and use e-learning facilities regularly.
Molecular simulation calculates the number of adsorbed ions at charged surfaces
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: October 2020

Choosing the right electric displacement field for a given system helps determine the overall surface charge and the correct number of adsorbed ions.