bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by the chest radiographic thoracic area on day one in infants with exomphalos
Authors: Krishnan Mirna , Dassios Theodore , Bothamley Zoe , Haque Saira , Watson Callum , Davenport Mark , Harris Christopher , Greenough Anne
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To determine if infants with exomphalos had abnormal antenatal lung growth as indicated by lower chest radiographic thoracic areas (CRTA) on day one compared to controls and whether the CRTA could predict the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods

Infants with exomphalos cared for between January 2004 and January 2023 were included. The controls were term, newborn infants ventilated for absent respiratory drive at birth, without lung disease and had no supplemental oxygen requirement by 6 h of age. The radiographs were imported as digital image files by Sectra PACS software (Sectra AB, Linköping, Sweden). Free-hand tracing of the perimeter of the thoracic area was undertaken and the CRTA calculated by the software.

Results

Sixty-four infants with exomphalos and 130 controls were included. Infants with exomphalos had a lower median (IQR) CRTA (1,983 [1,657–2,471] mm2) compared to controls (2,547 [2,153–2,932] mm2, p<0.001). Following multivariable regression analysis, infants with exomphalos had lower CRTAs compared to controls (p=0.001) after adjusting for differences in gestational age and male sex. In the exomphalos group, the CRTAs were lower in those who developed BPD (n=14, 1,530 [1,307–1,941] mm2) compared to those who did not (2,168 [1,865–2,672], p<0.001). Following multivariable regression analysis, the CRTA was associated with BPD development (p=0.021) after adjusting for male sex and gestational age.

Conclusions

Lower CRTAs on day one in the exomphalos infants compared to the controls predicted BPD development.
Crystal structure of 3-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,9- tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium chloride hydrate, C40H48Cl2N4O9
Authors: Wang Yueru , Dang Xiaolin , Yang Changhua , Tang Wenqiang , Liu Bin
Published: February 2024

C40H48Cl2N4O9, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 13.434(2) Å, b = 7.2089(11) Å, c = 20.691(3) Å, β = 95.931(4)°, V = 1993.0(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0478, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1091, T = 173 K.
Dynamic properties of the multimalware attacks in wireless sensor networks: Fractional derivative analysis of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tahir Hassan , Din Anwarud , Shah Kamal , Aphane Maggie , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: February 2024

Due to inherent operating constraints, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) need help assuring network security. This problem is caused by worms entering the networks, which can spread uncontrollably to nearby nodes from a single node infected with computer viruses, worms, trojans, and other malicious software, which can compromise the network’s integrity and functionality. This article discusses a fractional

S

E

1

E

2

I
R

{\mathsf{S}}{{\mathsf{E}}}_{1}{{\mathsf{E}}}_{2}{\mathsf{I}}{\mathsf{R}}

model to explain worm propagation in WSNs. For capturing the dynamics of the virus, we use the Mittag–Leffler kernel and the Atangana–Baleanu (AB) Caputo operator. Besides other characteristics of the problem, the properties of superposition and Lipschitzness of the AB Caputo derivatives are studied. Standard numerical methods were employed to approximate the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputto fractional derivative, and a detailed analysis is presented. To illustrate our analytical conclusions, we ran numerical simulations.
„Great Cases, Like Hard Cases, Make Bad Law“: Wirecard, das FISG und die Notwendigkeit einer Audit Judgment Rule
Authors: Ebke Werner F.
Published: February 2024

Abstrakt

1
Mit dem Gesetz zur Stärkung der Finanzmarktintegrität (FISG) versucht der deutsche Gesetzgeber,
den Wirecard-Fall und seine Folgen aufzuarbeiten. Das Gesetz dient u. a. der Umsetzung als vordringlich empfundener Maßnahmen zur Wiederherstellung und dauerhaften Stärkung des Vertrauens in den deutschen Finanzmarkt, insbesondere zur Verhinderung von Bilanzmanipulationen, zur Stärkung der Bilanzkontrolle mit erweiterten Prüfungs-, Auskunfts- und Informationsrechten der BaFin, zur weiteren Regulierung der Abschlussprüfung sowie zur Verschärfung der zivilrechtlichen Verantwortlichkeit des Abschlussprüfers und zu Anpassungen im Bilanzstrafrecht. Der nachfolgende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob die verschärften Haftungsregelungen die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen erfüllen können. Der Autor empfiehlt die gesetzliche Anerkennung einer Audit Judgment Rule, um gesetzlichen Abschlussprüfern in geeigneten Fällen einen „sicheren Hafen“ (safe harbor) zu eröffnen und dem Problem des typischen Rückschaufehlers (hindsight bias) zu begegnen. Der Beitrag entwirft eine Audit Judgment Rule und leuchtet deren Voraussetzungen und Reichweite im deutschen Recht aus.
2
Greening Corporate Law
Authors: Weller Marc-Philippe , Hößl Theresa , Seemann Camilla
Published: February 2024

Abstrakt

181
Bis 2045 hat die Bundesrepublik nach § 3 Abs. 2 Klimaschutzgesetz treibhausgasneutral zu sein. Aktuelle Studien zeigen auf, dass zur Erreichung dieses Ziels weitere Klimaschutzmaßnahmen notwendig sind. Anlässlich des diesjährigen Deutschen Juristentags in Stuttgart analysiert der nachfolgende Beitrag, warum der Kampf gegen den Klimawandel gesetzgeberische Maßnahmen auf dem Gebiet des Gesellschaftsrechts erfordert und, welche Möglichkeiten für eine solche “Klimatransformation des Gesellschaftsrechts”, ein “Greening Corporate Law”, bestehen.
TOZ BEZİ (2015, AHU ÖZTÜRK): KARŞILAŞMALAR, ÇATIŞMALAR, İŞ BİRLİKLERİ
Authors: ATALAY Zehra Nurdan , THWAİTES DİKEN Ebru
Published: February 2024

Bu makale yönetmenliğini Ahu Öztürk’ün yaptığı Toz Bezi filmindeki ana karakterler Nesrin ve Hatun’un toplumsal cinsiyet, sınıf ve etnik kimlik üzerinden deneyimledikleri toplumsal eşitsizlikleri kesişimsellik perspektifinden inceler. İstanbul’da göçmen, eş, kadın, Kürt, ve ev işçisi gibi çeşitli ‘ötekilik’ hallerinin taşıyıcıları olan kadınların birbirleri, işverenleri ve eşleriyle karşılaşmaları, çatışmaları ve işbirlikleri analiz edilir. Farklı ötekilik hallerinin taşıyıcıları olarak ekonomi, aile ve devlet gibi sistemlere uyumlanmak için gündelik yaşam stratejileri geliştiren kadınlar, bir yandan kurdukları iş birlikleri ve dayanışma ağları sayesinde iktidarların yönetimsellik aygıtlarından kaçmanın da yollarını ararlar. Makale yönetmenin bakışı ve ana karakterlerle kurduğu ilişkiyi de kesişimselliğin bir parçası olarak ele alır. Yönetmenin karakterleri temsili ve hikayeyi anlatım biçimi de kadın karakterlerle kurduğu iş birliğinin bir nişanesidir. Yönetmen bakışının da kesişimsellik analizinin, karşılaşmalar ve iş birliklerinin bir unsuru olarak değerlendirilmesi sosyolojik film okumaları, toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmaları ve feminist film analizi literatürüne özgün bir katkı sunar.
Trypillia mega-sites: a social levelling concept?
Authors: Hofmann Robert , Müller-Scheeßel Nils , Müller Johannes
Published: February 2024

Explanations for the emergence and abandonment of the Chalcolithic Trypillia mega-sites have long been debated. Here, the authors use Gini coefficients based on the sizes of approximately 7000 houses at 38 Trypillia sites to assess inequality between households as a factor in the rise and/or demise of these settlements. The results indicate temporarily reduced social inequality at mega-sites. It was only after several generations that increased social differentiation re-emerged and this may explain the subsequent abandonment of the mega-sites. The results indicate that increases in social complexity need not be associated with greater social stratification and that large aggregations of population can, for a time at least, find mechanisms to reduce inequality.
Cone Synaptic Function is Modulated by the Leucine-Rich Repeat Adhesion Molecule LRFN2
Authors: Hasan Nazarul , Gregg Ronald G.
Published: February 2024

Daylight vision is mediated by cone photoreceptors in vertebrates, which synapse with bipolar cells (BCs) and horizontal (HCs) cells. This cone synapse is functionally and anatomically complex, connecting to eight types of depolarizing BCs (DBCs) and five types of hyperpolarizing BCs (HBCs) in mice. The dendrites of DBCs and HCs cells make invaginating ribbon synapses with the cone axon terminal, while HBCs form flat synapses with the cone pedicles. The molecular architecture that underpins this organization is relatively poorly understood. To identify new proteins involved in synapse formation and function we used an unbiased proteomic approach and identified LRFN2 (leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin III domain-containing 2) as a component of the DBC signaling complex. LRFN2 is selectively expressed at cone terminals and colocalizes with PNA, and other DBC signalplex members. In LRFN2 deficient mice, the synaptic markers: LRIT3, ELFN2, mGluR6, TRPM1 and GPR179 are properly localized. Similarly, LRFN2 expression and localization is not dependent on these synaptic proteins. In the absence of LRFN2 the cone-mediated photopic electroretinogram b-wave amplitude is reduced at the brightest flash intensities. These data demonstrate that LRFN2 absence compromises normal synaptic transmission between cones and cone DBCs.
KIRKLARELİ ESKİ KAŞAR PEYNİRİNİN UÇUCU BİLEŞEN PROFİLİ, FİZİKOKİMYASAL VE DUYUSAL ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: Şahiner Özlem , Yuceer Yonca
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışmada, 11.07.2023 tarihi itibariyle coğrafi işaret ile tescillenen Kırklareli Eski Kaşar Peyniri’nin bazı karakteristik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı üreticilerden sağlanan 7 peynir örneğinde fizikokimyasal ve duyusal özellikler ile uçucu bileşen profili belirlenmiştir. Peynirlerin genel bileşimi ve renk ölçümleri arasında farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır. Peynir örneklerinde gerçekleştirilen fizikokimyasal analizler sonucunda pH 5.17-5.65, titrasyon asitliği %0.59-0.79, kurumadde %60.71-69.63, kül %4.59-5.59, protein %22.06-28.73, yağ %25.25-35.75 ve tuz %1.23-1.99 aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Kenar ve merkez kısımlarında gerçekleştirilen renk ölçümünde peynirler arasında fark olduğu saptanmıştır. Duyusal değerlendirmeler sonucunda ‘peyniraltı suyu’, ‘kremamsı’, ‘pişmiş’, ‘sülfür’, ‘ransit’, ‘tuzlu’, ‘ekşi’ ve ‘umami’ terimleri belirlenen bazı karakteristik terimler olmuştur. Esterler, alkoller, ketonlar ve asitler peynir örneklerinde tespit edilen yaygın uçucu bileşenler olmuştur. Asidik uçucu bileşenlerden asetik asit, bütirik asit, hekzanoik asit, oktanoik asit ve dekanoik asit yüksek konsantrasyonlarda saptanmıştır.
Isotopic signatures of snow, sea ice, and surface seawater in the central Arctic Ocean during the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Mellat Moein , Brunello Camilla F. , Werner Martin , Bauch Dorothea , Damm Ellen , Angelopoulos Michael , Nomura Daiki , Welker Jeffrey M. , Schneebeli Martin , Granskog Mats A. , Hoerhold Maria , Macfarlane Amy R. , Arndt Stefanie , Meyer Hanno
Published: February 2024

The Arctic Ocean is an exceptional environment where hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere are closely interconnected. Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness affect ocean currents, as well as moisture and heat exchange with the atmosphere. Energy and water fluxes impact the formation and melting of sea ice and snow cover. Here, we present a comprehensive statistical analysis of the stable water isotopes of various hydrological components in the central Arctic obtained during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in 2019–2020, including the understudied Arctic winter. Our dataset comprises >2200 water, snow, and ice samples. Snow had the most depleted and variable isotopic composition, with δ18O (–16.3‰) increasing consistently from surface (–22.5‰) to bottom (–9.7‰) of the snowpack, suggesting that snow metamorphism and wind-induced transport may overprint the original precipitation isotope values. In the Arctic Ocean, isotopes also help to distinguish between different sea-ice types, and whether there is a meteoric contribution. The isotopic composition and salinity of surface seawater indicated relative contributions from different freshwater sources: lower δ18O (approximately –3.0‰) and salinities were observed near the eastern Siberian shelves and towards the center of the Transpolar Drift due to river discharge. Higher δ18O (approximately –1.5‰) and salinities were associated with an Atlantic source when the RV Polarstern crossed the Gakkel Ridge into the Nansen Basin. These changes were driven mainly by the shifts within the Transpolar Drift that carried the Polarstern across the Arctic Ocean. Our isotopic analysis highlights the importance of investigating isotope fractionation effects, for example, during sea-ice formation and melting. A systematic full-year sampling for water isotopes from different components strengthens our understanding of the Arctic water cycle and provides crucial insights into the interaction between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean and their spatio-temporal variations during MOSAiC.
Olympiad on Lightning-Fast Solution of Mathematical Problems as a Psychological and Pedagogical Phenomenon
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev, Keiv Maria Anatolievna , Zhuravleva Natalia Alexandrovna ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev, Ganzha Elena Ivanovna ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev
Published: February 2024

The article presents the author’s approach of designing an Olympiad on lightning-fast solution of mathematical problems for students of pedagogical universities in order to develop their quick thinking. The aim of the article is to analyse different models of organising Olympiads in mathematics for pupils and students, and to justify the expediency of including Olympiads on lightning-fast problem solving in the educational system of schools and universities. The research methodology is based on the system-activity approach and the requirements of educational standards of basic secondary and higher education, taking into account the labour functions of the professional standard of a teacher. Research results. One of the possible options for organising a mathematics Olympiad for students – future teachers of mathematics is the Olympiad «Dragonfly» for lightning-fast solution of problems of the school course of mathematics of different levels of complexity. When designing the content of such an Olympiad it is necessary to observe a number of principles: balance, brevity, accessibility, dynamism. On the basis of the Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of the V. P. Astafiev conducted a study to identify the impact of the Olympiad «Dragonfly» on the development of quick thinking in students – its participants. The study confirmed the hypothesis that if students are systematically involved in the process of lightning-fast solution of school mathematical problems of the Olympiad «Dragonfly», it will contribute to the development of their quick thinking. Conclusion. The experimental work has confirmed the expediency of including the Olympiads on lightning-fast problem solving in the educational system of school and university.
ТРАЄКТОРІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ГУМАНІТАРНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ
Authors: ДУДКА Тетяна
Published: February 2024

Зміст статті торкається аналізу питання розвитку фахової підготовки здобувачів гуманітарних спеціальностей у нелегких умовах воєнного часу. У ході змістового розгляду, унаочнено структуру системи фахової підготовки крізь призму трьох основоположних компонентів (когнітивного, діяльнісного та особистісного), що вможливило розкриття значущості кожної у фокусі реалізації основних навчальних завдань.

Структуровано та унаочнено розгляд компонентної структури професійної компетентності випускників гуманітарних спеціальностей (зокрема, аксіологічного, когнітивного, мотиваційного, технологічного, емоційно-вольового) з метою більш предметної актуалізації питання підбору змістового та дидактичного «контенту» у фокусі раціоналізації завдань фахової підготовки.

Розкрито значущість та унаочнено компонентну структуру професійної компетенції майбутніх фахівців гуманітарних спеціальностей крізь призму ключових, базових та мета- компетенцій.

На основі проведеного аналізу спроєктовано компонентну структуру освітнього середовища на канву особистісного розвитку, репрезентовану на рівні предметно-просторового, соціального та психодидактичного компонентів.
ПРИНЦИПИ ТА МЕТОДИ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННІ ПРАВОВИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН
Authors: МАЛЕЦЬ НАЗАР
Published: February 2024

У статті розглянуто принципи та методи дистанційного навчання у викладанні правових дисциплін; сутність проблем дистанційного навчання при викладанні правових дисциплін і шляхи їх вирішення. Доведено, що для того, щоб дистанційне навчання студентів було максимально ефективним, його потрібно правильно організувати за допомогою системи методичних заходів, а всі навчальні матеріали повинні бути написані так, щоб звести до мінімуму пошуки студентами додаткового навчального матеріалу. Наголошується, що сьогодні вже недостатньо перевести навчально-методичні матеріали в електронну форму; необхідно чітко, визначити мету навчання та методи дистанційного забезпечення у викладанні правових дисциплін.

Обґрунтовано, що впровадження методів дистанційного навчання має бути спрямоване на побудову освітнього процесу таким чином, щоб відбувалося ефективне засвоєння знань і формування різноманітних компетенцій майбутнього фахівця – як загальнокультурних (пов'язаних з культурою мислення і мови, етикою та набуттям високого рівня правосвідомості), так і безпосередньо професійних.

З’ясовано, що якісне навчання студентів правових дисциплін є важливою умовою  належного впровадження технологій дистанційного навчання в освітній процес ЗВО.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ МЕТОДИ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ТРАЄКТОРІЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В ГАЛУЗІ ТУРИЗМУ ТА РЕКРЕАЦІЇ: ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: АЛЕКСЄЄНКО-ЛЕМОВСЬКА ЛЮДМИЛА
Published: February 2024

Стаття присвячена вивченню інноваційних методів проєктування траєкторії професійного розвитку в галузі туризму та рекреації. Проаналізовано сучасний стан галузі, розглянуто виклики, з якими стикаються професіонали цього сектора, та запропоновано новаторські підходи до розв'язання даних проблем. Запропоновано методи цифрового професійного навчання, особистісного кар'єрного коучингу та менторства, розвитку професійних мереж і спільнот, експериментального пізнання у професійному розвитку, проєктної та дослідницької діяльності в туризмі, міжнародної туристичної мобільності та інтеграції туристичної галузі.
Dynamics analysis of a nonlinear controlled predator–prey model with complex Poincaré map
Authors: Cheng Huidong , Zhang Xin , Zhang Tonghua , Fu Jingli
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose a class of predator–prey models with nonlinear state-dependent feedback control in the saturated state. The nonlinear state impulse control leads to a diversity of pulse and phase sets such that the Poincaré map built on the corresponding phase sets behaves like the single-peak function and multi-peak function with multiple discontinuities. We start our study by analyzing the exact pulse and phase sets of models under various cases generated by the dependent parameter space of nonlinear state feedback control, then construct the Poincaré map that is followed by investigating their monotonicity, continuity, concavity, and immobility properties. We also explore the existence, uniqueness, and sufficient conditions for the global stability of the order-1 periodic solutions of the systems. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate and reveal the biological significance of our theoretical findings.
Brown tumor secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical case, set-up and role of the surgeon
Authors: F Girardi , Parada U Asist , Guarneri C Asist
Published: February 2024

This work is focused on describing the most important characteristics of primary hyperparathyroidism and the bone involvement that this pathology produces, based on a clinical case of a patient attended at the Hospital de Clínicas (UDELAR) - Montevideo-Uruguay. Brown tumors (PT) are a rare abnormality of bone tissue caused by chronic hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the pathophysiology of which will be discussed throughout the text. They manifest clinically as tumors, which is of paramount importance since it is necessary to evaluate differential diagnoses. It frequently develops in long bones, which explains its topographic variability. The treatment of these lesions depends fundamentally on the control of hyperparathyroidism and the location of the tumor. Most of them remit when PTH levels are normalized.
Use of ECO-fast at obesity children as a tool for detecting risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Maeso Méndez Sandra , Sarasua Miranda Ainhoa , García Casales Zuriñe , Erika Calvo Sáez Ariane , Santos Corraliza Erika , Gamarra Cabrerizo Ainara , Díez López Ignacio
Published: February 2024

Introduction and objectives: In recent decades, a significant increase in childhood obesity has been observed. For this reason, it is interesting to have early markers of comorbidi-ty. Ultrasound of adipose and muscle tissue is an emerging technique validated in adults, with no studies in the pediatric population. The main objective of this study is to assess whether the measurement of preperitoneal fat by nutritional ultrasound is a good screening method for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. Patients and methods: Prospective longitudinal study. A study of somatometry, bioelectrical impedancemetry and nutritional ul-trasound has been carried out. Results: 102 patients were included, with a mean BMI (SDS) of 2.58. A linear and direct correlation was observed between the fat mass measured by bioelectri-cal impedancemetry and the total subcutaneous abdominal fat measured by nutritional ultra-sound. We also observed a correlation between preperitoneal fat measured by nutritional ultra-sound and NASH, with a cut-off point of 0.93 cm of preperitoneal fat (sensitivity 96% and speci-ficity 94%). Conclusion: Measurement of preperitoneal fat by nutritional ultrasound is a good screening method for NASH in obese children.
The high-density lipoprotein: Attribute matters rather than amount in therapeutic arena
Authors: J S AlJadir Saadi
Published: February 2024

The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) to absorb and recycle excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver is particularly interesting. This ability may play a role in preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. Prior epidemiological research has demonstrated that lower HDL-C concentration can be utilized to predict risk and has an inverse relationship with the risk of CVD. Elevated HDL-C levels are a hallmark of certain hereditary illnesses. However, this does not modulate to a lower risk of CVD. Researchers' focus has been diverted towards the shape and functions of the HDL molecule and its subclasses to correlate the possible causative association between HDL-C and adverse outcomes. Although a low level of HDL-C is a useful clinical predictor of CAD, raising the HDL-C level does not necessarily lower this risk. The possibility that HDL can either become less effective as an antioxidant or paradoxically enhance the oxidation and inflammation linked to atherosclerotic plaque under certain conditions contributes to the explanation of this dilemma. Thus, the functional properties of HDL, not merely the level, may need to be considered and developed. On the other hand, the available data indicates that higher HDL-C is not necessarily protective against cardiovascular disease. Conversely, it can be detrimental at extremely high levels. The objective of this review is to elucidate and discuss concisely the current clinical and scientific evidence related to the significance of HDL functionality over the biochemical HDL-C level in mediating the favorable effects on the cardiovascular system.
Microbial isolation and digestion of some non-leguminous browse plants in semi-arid environment of North-East Nigeria
Authors: JS Phychwemillah , KL Baiyi , AM Marte , T Ishaya , ID Mohammed , IH Malgwi
Published: February 2024

Non-leguminous browse plants such as Ziziphus spina-christi (T1), Ziziphus mauritiana (T2), Azadirachtaindica (T3), Moringa oleifera (T4), Ficus polita (T5) and Annona senegalensis (T6) can produce high yield biomass. Z. spina-christi, Z. Mauritiana and M.oleifara contain high CP content and as such can be used to improve the performance of ruminants in the dry season during feed scarcity. The bacteria isolated from the rumen liquor of the feed samples were Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium species, Micrococcus species and Escherichia coli, while the isolated fungi include Aspergillus niger and Rhizophus species. Microbial analysis during their degradation in the rumen shows that B. subtilis and S. faecalis were found to be present as major bacterial species during their digestion. At the end of 48 hours period of incubation, the degradability rate of all the browse plants was more than 60%- T2 (67.60%), T1(66.10%), T4 (65.95%), T6 (65.50%) and T5 (63.55%). Their high CP content makes them good choices as feed ingredients and can be used for supplementation in ruminant feeding to improve feed quality of livestock feed production in Borno State, Nigeria. Their availability all year round, high protein level and high degradation characteristic can support and meet the nutrient requirements of ruminants during the dry season.
Pathological diagnosis of infectious bursal disease in 24 weeks old vaccinated commercial laying hens in Kagarko, Nigeria: a case report
Authors: AO Ogbe , Z Audu , EZ Kwaja
Published: February 2024

Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) was diagnosed in 24 weeks old vaccinated commercial laying hens. Clinical signs observed were severe depression, greenish-white diarrhea and high mortality. Postmortem findings observed were ruffled feathers, congestion of the lungs, enlarged kidneys, enlarged spleens, congested ovarian follicles, pale livers, haemorrhages of the mucosa of the proventriculus and ventricular junction, enlarged, oedematous and haemorrhagic bursa of Fabricius and haemorrhages of caecal tonsils. Histopathology findings showed severe congestion of kidneys, presence of red blood cells in the interstitial spaces, tubular degenerative necrosis with dissolution of nuclear material, glomerular atrophy and increase in capsular spaces. There was severe follicular inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius evident by massive presence of inflammatory cells. Infectious bursal disease was diagnosed based on the gross pathological and histopathological findings. King herbs was administered for 5 days at dose rate 2ml/L in the birds drinking water ad-lib and the client was advised to isolate and treat the sick birds with the drug and to enforce strict biosecurity measures. There was no mortality after the treatments.
Control methods for reduction of mastitis in ewes caused by bacterial pathogens
Authors: Zig František , Ondrašovičová Silvia
Published: February 2024

Controlling the risk factors and eliminating the causative agents of mastitis is crucial for modern dairy sheep farms. The aim of this study was to analyze during two milking seasons the effect of proposed anti-mastitis measures focused on the reduction of mammary gland infection caused by bacterial pathogens in ewes. During the study, aseptic samples of foremilk were collected from 400 ewes three times: at the beginning (in May), in the middle (in July), and at the end (in October) of the lactation season. Totally, 2211 samples were examined over two years. Cytological and bacteriological analyses of samples were performed to evaluate the relationship between the implemented anti-mastitis measures and intramammary infections (IMI). In the 682 positive samples, the most prevalent mastitis agents detected during all examinations were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS), 47.5% (n = 324 udder samples) with S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis, S. warneri and S. xylosus being the most-prevalent species. Other detected species were Staphylococcus aureus (27.4%) and Streptococcus sanguinis (15.1%), isolated mainly from clinical forms of mastitis. In the first season, due to application of antibiotic treatment to positive sheep, exclusion of chronically ill individuals from the herd and consistent implementation of the hygiene rules at milking, the prevalence of IMI was reduced by 45.2% to 30.5% in the period from May to October. In the second season, after the introduction of a complex of preventive measures consisting in examination of ewes after lambing and weaning, regular maintenance of hooves, replacement of bedding, ensuring adequate nutrition, adherence to a hygienic milking programme and rejection of positive ewes that did not respond to antibiotic treatment, the incidence of mastitis was reduced from 28.0% (in May) to 17.8% (in October). A comprehensive approach is inevitable for achieving an appropriate control and prevention of mastitis in dairy farming and for the production of high quality milk with maintenance of udder health.
Retrospective pathological studies on gastrointestinal tract parasitic diseases in cattle and buffaloes at EL-Dakahlyia province
Authors: F Awadin Walaa , Fawzi Elshaieb Ahmed , EL-Morshidy Yasmin
Published: February 2024

Background and objective: The present study was carried out to study gross pathology, histopathological examination of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals affected with helminthes and protozoan parasites in cattle and buffaloes slaughtered in Mansoura governmental abattoir and necropsied in local dairy farms at EL-Dakahlyia Province. Materials and methods: Different kinds of trematodes, cestodes and nematodes were generally screened during the period 2017-2020 by post-mortem examination of 12,250 slaughtered bovine carcasses. Results: Out of 12,250 slaughtered bovine carcasses, 3604 cases (29%) were affected with gastrointestinal parasites. Helminthes and protozoan parasites were encountered in 3209 (89%) and 395 (10.9%) cases, respectively. The observed helminthes were nematodes (Gongylonema pulchrum, toxocara vitillorum), trematodes (Fasciola; F. gigantica) and cestodes (Moniezia, hydatid cyst), while sarcosporidia, eimeria and cryptosporidia were the encountered protozoa. Grossly, fasciola and hydatid cysts were detected in liver, gongelonema pulchrum, major sarcocysts were detected in esophagus, toxocara vitillorum were detected in small intestine. Minor sarcocysts, intestinal cryptosporidiosis and coccidiosis were discovered microscopically. The histopathological lesions were graded from 0 (no lesion), I (mild), II (moderate) to III (severe). Conclusion: No or minimal lesions as observed with living gongelonema, major and minor sarcocysts to severe caseation, calcification and granuloma formation as demonstrated with hydatid cysts and fasciola.
Diagnostic studies on some infectious diseases affecting skin in bovine and buffaloes calves at EL-Dakahlyia province, Egypt
Authors: F Awadin Walaa , El-Tholoth Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Background: Infectious cutaneous diseases are major threat of bovine and buffaloes calves in Egypt and cause huge economic impact as a result of hide damage, decreased growth rate and mortality rate. Material & methods: A retrospective study was conducted between October 2016 and January 2020 to identify different infectious diseases affecting skin in 5000 examined bovine calves from ten local dairy farms located at El-Dakahlia province. Clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates were reported. Gross examination of lesions was applied. Skin biopsies were collected from lesion and surrounding areas and part of these samples fixed in 10% buffered formalin for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also applied for diagnosis. The other part of skin samples was kept at-80°C for viral isolation by real time- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Four infectious diseases were detected in 2220 examined bovine calves out from 5000 (44.4%) including warts (150 cattle calves), FMD (1500 cattle calves and 500 buffaloes calves), LSD (45 cattle calves and 5 buffaloes calves) and ring worm (20 cattle calves). Special staining using PAS was sufficient to diagnose ring worm. Histopathology and IHC diagnosed few cases infected with LSD that showing inclusion bodies in 10 out of 50 calves (0.2%). No inclusion bodies were seen in any infected specimens with FMD or papillomas. Viral nucleic acids of FMD, papillomatosis and LSD virus were detected in infected skin samples. Conclusion: cattle calves showed higher susceptibility to these infectious skin diseases than buffalo calves. FMD caused higher morbidities than in other diseases. Mortalities were reported with FMD and LSD infection. Histopathology was not sufficient to diagnose viral infection. IHC cannot diagnose LSDV in all infected cases. PCR should be used for accurate detection LSD, FMD and papilloma viral nucleic acids in skin samples.
Reward actualities
Authors: Dragoni Divrak Dora
Published: February 2024

Reward system is a key to understand how we can be in health and live in wellbeing or wellness. It is the series of dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurons that involve our body-mind unity. It starts infact from VTA, ventral tegmental area in midbrain and then: • There is a lateral reward pathway related to stress conduction messages • Mainly there is a medial reward pathway related to life functions regulations, wellness, and also the more known decision making and learning and memory capacities.
Finding of exostoses in the external auditory channel of maritime workers in the port of Arica. Rescue of contemporary historical data
Authors: Hecht López Pedro , Corrales-Muñoz Jorge , Parra-Villegas Eduardo
Published: February 2024

Since the beginning of the 20th century, different investigations in human mummies from the fertile coast of northern Chile have reported the appearance of a bone growth indistinctly called osteoma or exostoses in the external auditory channel (EAC) of prehistoric skulls. Subsequent works defined this excrescence as exostoses, based on the radiological study of the tissues and its bilateral appearance due to reactive growth, based on an environmental hypothesis due to continuous exposure to the cold temperatures of the coastal edge mainly due to fishing and underwater diving for survival during prehistory. At the end of the 20th century, we used conventional radiology to study a group of maritime workers from the port of Arica, divers, and fishermen who worked in the same geographical place where exostoses were reported in the EAC of mummies in northern Chile. For the radiological analysis, the number of exostoses and their location were considered, determining the frequencies and subjecting them to statistical tests, comparing them with a control group of people who did not work at sea. This article rescues the unpublished data of this series of cases of contemporary population and provides radiological evidence to compare with the series of data on local prehistoric population. We conclude that the higher frequency of exostoses in the EAC of current divers and fishermen when compared to the control group, as well as its greater bilateral appearance, allow us to support the hypothesis of exposure to the cold of the maritime environment as the cause of this reactive bone growth of the EAC.
India’s ‘soft power’ play with BIMSTEC nations: observing education diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy
Authors: Nandy Debasish , Naha Alik
Published: February 2024

South Asia as a region has a deficient Human Resource base, which jeopardizes its developmental ambitions and socioeconomic progress. Due to the fragile geopolitical context of the region, low spending for human development and increased expenditures for militarism sustain such a state of affairs in the subregion. As a result, large educational interventions are needed in the region. Education is the stumbling block to progress. Education and culture have always served as vital lines of communication between India and the BIMSTEC member states like Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, etc. India became the world's second-largest provider of higher education after independence, and it continued to attract students from the BIMSTEC countries. The chapter will examine several aspects of educational collaboration between India and the BIMSTEC countries in this context. This collaboration in the field of education will allow India to use soft-power diplomacy to strengthen its relations with its BIMSTEC partner.
Models for iron age agriculture and pastoralism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Chang Claudia
Published: February 2024

During the first millennium BCE the Saka (eastern variants of the Scythians) have been characterized as early nomadic confederacies or states. Recently there has been considerable discussion about the role of agro pastoralism in Eurasian prehistory, especially during the Bronze and Iron Ages (ca. 2500 BCE to 400/500 CE).1-4 The term of agro pastoralism has become so widespread in archaeological literature as a catch-all term that the variations within and between dual economic systems of agriculture and mobile pastoralism have become obscured. In this brief essay I wish to discuss the ways in which agriculture articulated with pastoralism in ancient Iron Age cultures of Eurasia. While the assumption is that agro pastoralism represents a mutually symbiotic relationship between crop cultivation and grazing of herd animals, this may not always be the case. Furthermore, herders may belong not only to different occupational classes than farmers, but they often may represent different ethnic groups separate from farmers.5 An example of this, might be the Andronovo herdsmen of Ojakly, who lived apart from the Bactrian-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) urban dwellers of Gonur Depe during the Bronze Age in the second millennium BCE.6,7
Dedication texts of tombs and their objects in the old kingdom private tombs
Authors: Soleiman Saleh , Sayed Marwa
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the dedication texts of the Old Kingdom private tombs. These texts are collected from the tombs. The commentary considers the distribution of the texts in the Old Kingdom cemeteries, positions of writing these texts, dating of the texts, dedicators and those to whom the dedications were made, and context and construction of the dedication texts.
Evidence-based comparism of conventional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow (LAT) method in the detection of human rotavirus pathogen for prompt monitoring and robust surveillance outcome
Authors: O Azuonwu , I Elekima , B Sigalo
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Rotavirus has been known to be the causative agent of some cases of gastroenteritis across the world. A disease common in infants and young children ≤5 years of age, mostly in developing countries. This study was aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the sandwich ELISA and lateral flow method for the detection of rotavirus infection. Materials and methods: The human rotavirus sample (Code Number: BO218) at a concentration of 1x108/ml) was obtained from Dako A/S, Denmark and subsequently, a 1/4 serial dilution was performed to obtain varying concentrations. The already confirmed positive rotavirus samples obtained from the Nimi Briggs Hospital of the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt were used to evaluate and validate the sensitivity of both methods. Data obtained from ELISA method were analysed statistically using Microsoft excel and the spearman test to analyse the linear relationship between the absorbance and concentration of rotavirus expressed in number of rotavirus particles per ml. Results: The evidence-based results outcome showed that the ELISA approach was more sensitive to detecting the presence of rotavirus in the samples at the concentration of 381.5 rotavirus particle per ml, while that of LAT detected the presence of rotavirus at the concentration of 1,562,500 rotavirus particle per ml. The plot of absorbance and rotavirus particles following the serial dilution was plotted using Microsoft excel and the relationship between concentration and rotavirus was established. The result of the plot of the mean absorbance values against the rotavirus concentration (number of rotavirus per ml) showed an exponential increase in the absorbance value until a plateau was established as the concentration approached 1.0 × 108/ml of rotavirus in the solution. Also, the correlation of the absorbance and rotavirus concentration and a straight-line graph was plotted showing a correlation value of R2 =0.4505 with an intercept at 1.4236. Discussion: However, the ELISA is more robust, though very expensive for monitoring and surveillance of diarrhoea cases unlike the LAT method which is very cheap, with less expertise required, thus would be recommended for health care facilities in our remote communities.
Analogies and differences between the particle’ model used in a Cold Genesis Theory and those used in the Standard Model
Authors: Marius Arghirescu
Published: February 2024

The main particularities of the vortexial model of particles resulted in a cold genesis theory of the author (CGT) are compared by those corresponding to the Standard Model of particles. It is argued that the interaction mechanism by intermediary Z–boson and respective– by ‘color’ charges and gluons, considered by the Standard Model for the weak and the strong and nuclear interactions, is semi–formal, a more natural explanation for these interactions being given in CGT by a multi–vortexial model of proton– resulted in CGT as non– destructive collapsed clusters of paired quasi electrons (e*−e*+ ) and by its resulted vortexial field, which imply also a specific “bag” model of inter–quarks interaction, a “dynamide” model of neutron, with degenerate negatron rotated around the protonic center and a preonic model of quark, with quasi–crystalline kernel formed by kerneloids of –preons of 34 . A vortexial potential with repulsive kernel of ‘sombrero’ type can be proposed as general genesic potential, which can explain also the cold genesis by chiral quantum fluctuations.
Antidepressant Dispensing to US Adolescents and Young Adults: 2016–2022
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Volerman Anna , Zhang Jason , Hua Joanna , Conti Rena M.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health worsened in adolescents and young adults after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in March 2020, but whether antidepressant dispensing to this population changed is unknown.

METHODS

We identified antidepressant prescriptions dispensed to US individuals aged 12 to 25 years from 2016 to 2022 using the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, an all-payer national database. The outcome was the monthly antidepressant dispensing rate, defined as the monthly number of individuals with ≥1 dispensed antidepressant prescription per 100 000 people. We fitted linear segmented regression models assessing for level or slope changes during March 2020 and conducted subgroup analyses by sex and age group.

RESULTS

Between January 2016 and December 2022, the monthly antidepressant dispensing rate increased 66.3%, from 2575.9 to 4284.8. Before March 2020, this rate increased by 17.0 per month (95% confidence interval: 15.2 to 18.8). The COVID-19 outbreak was not associated with a level change but was associated with a slope increase of 10.8 per month (95% confidence interval: 4.9 to 16.7). The monthly antidepressant dispensing rate increased 63.5% faster from March 2020 onwards compared with beforehand. In subgroup analyses, this rate increased 129.6% and 56.5% faster from March 2020 onwards compared with beforehand among females aged 12 to 17 years and 18 to 25 years, respectively. In contrast, the outbreak was associated with a level decrease among males aged 12 to 17 years and was not associated with a level or slope change among males aged 18 to 25 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Antidepressant dispensing to adolescents and young adults was rising before the COVID-19 outbreak and rose 63.5% faster afterward. This change was driven by increased antidepressant dispensing to females and occurred despite decreased dispensing to male adolescents.
The Most Impactful Changes from ACI 318-14 to ACI 318-19
Authors: Ghosh S.K. , Brewe Jared
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses selected changes from ACI 318- 14 to ACI 318-19 that are likely to have the largest impact on precast concrete design and construction. Some of these changes have proved to be somewhat problematic. These concerns are described, and in a few cases, suggestions are offered that might mitigate some of the negative impact.
Exploring SARS-CoV-2 vaccine acceptance in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe
Authors: Ssentongo Simon , Kinyok Dennis , Gemi Ruth , Muhereza Alex , Manuel Fifi , Waugh Rebecca , Linehan Mary , Saxton Jared , Hall Cougar , West Josh , Crookston Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Background & Aims. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide, making the uptake of effective vaccines critical to saving lives. In Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe, two countries selected for focus in a privately funded project to boost COVID-19 vaccination coverage through interventions carried out by faith-based networks in Africa, both supply- and demand-side challenges have made high rates of vaccination difficult to achieve. The current study seeks to describe vaccination rates and reasons for vaccine hesitancy in both Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe.
Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted face-to-face in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. This study uses frequency statistics and multivariate regression analysis to identify key demographic predictors of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and to examine perceived COVID-19 infection vulnerability in both countries. The Health Belief Model was used as a framework for sorting and understanding findings.
Results and Conclusions. Individuals who were older, from Zimbabwe, and were healthcare workers or community leaders were more likely to be vaccinated. Those who were from Zimbabwe, had secondary or tertiary education, and were community leaders were more likely to be concerned about catching COVID-19 than community members. Faith leaders were less likely to be concerned about catching COVID-19 in public. These findings add to our understanding of attitudes that lead to vaccine hesitancy and uptake.
Annette Giesecke and David J. Mabberley, general editors: A Cultural History of Plants
Authors: Card Jane , Thick Malcolm
Published: February 2024

Annette Giesecke and David J. Mabberley, general editors: A Cultural History of Plants: 6 volumes, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022: boxed, £44.00..
A prática profissional de Pedagogos/as TAEs na Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica
Authors: Ana Wallace Pereira Sant , De Andrade Pinto Umberto
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre a prática profissional de pedagogos/as técnico-administrativos em educação pertencentes à Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (RFEPCT). Os resultados mostraram que os estudos sobre a pedagogia articulada à educação profissional ainda são incipientes, mas após a reorganização da Rede Federal de EPCT em 2008, pesquisas sobre a prática profissional de pedagogos/as técnico-administrativos em educação começaram a ganhar ênfase em âmbito acadêmico-científico, evidenciando os imensos desafios e as contribuições desses profissionais enquanto sujeitos que, em sua práxis pedagógica e educativa, colaboram significativamente para a construção de uma educação integral e emancipatória.