bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioprinting of a Biomimetic Microenvironment for a Retinal Regenerative Approach
Authors: Belgio Beatrice , Mantero Sara , Iervolino Filippo , Potere Federica , Levi Marinella , Boschetti Federica
Published: August 2024

There is an ongoing effort to advance methodologies for culturing functional photoreceptors in vitro for retinal regenerative strategies. To support the formation of functional photoreceptors, a scaffold should replicate the native environment. The aim of this study was to optimize a sodium alginate–gelatin (SA-G) bioink to mimic the retinal properties while ensuring the printing of constructs with high shape fidelity. The optimized bioink was thoroughly characterized in terms of its physical, mechanical, and rheological properties, printability assessment, and preliminary biocompatibility. The material showed a constant degradation rate, which is crucial for effective tissue regeneration as it provides support for cell differentiation and polarization while gradually degrading to allow cell proliferation and matrix deposition. The optimized bioink displayed stiffness comparable to the native photoreceptor layer, potentially providing appropriate mechanical cues for photoreceptor maturation. Additionally, it exhibited shear-thinning behavior, the presence of yield stress, and fast recovery kinetics, which are essential for successful extrusion. The high shape fidelity of 3D-printed constructs suggested the feasibility of printing complex patterns to drive photoreceptor polarization. The preliminary cell results demonstrated homogeneous cell distribution and sustained cell viability over time. Overall, these findings indicate that the optimized bioink can provide the mechanical and topographical cues necessary for cultivating photoreceptors in vitro for retinal regeneration.
Integrated Analysis of Methane Cycles and Trends at the WMO/GAW Station of Lamezia Terme (Calabria, Southern Italy)
Authors: D’Amico Francesco , Ammoscato Ivano , Gullì Daniel , Avolio Elenio , Lo Feudo Teresa , De Pino Mariafrancesca , Cristofanelli Paolo , Malacaria Luana , Parise Domenico , Sinopoli Salvatore , De Benedetto Giorgia , Calidonna Claudia Roberta
Published: August 2024

Due to its high short-term global warming potential (GWP) compared to carbon dioxide, methane (CH4) is a considerable agent of climate change. This research is aimed at analyzing data on methane gathered at the GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) station of Lamezia Terme (Calabria, Southern Italy) spanning seven years of continuous measurements (2016–2022) and integrating the results with key meteorological data. Compared to previous studies on detected methane mole fractions at the same station, daily-to-yearly patterns have become more prominent thanks to the analysis of a much larger dataset. Overall, the yearly increase of methane at the Lamezia Terme station is in general agreement with global measurements by NOAA, though local peaks are present, and an increase linked to COVID-19 is identified. Seasonal changes and trends have proved to be fully cyclic, with the daily cycles being largely driven by local wind circulation patterns and synoptic features. Outbreak events have been statistically evaluated depending on their weekday of occurrence to test possible correlations with anthropogenic activities. A cross analysis between methane peaks and specific wind directions has also proved that local sources may be deemed responsible for the highest mole fractions.
The Impact of Annual Cycles on Anomalous Wind Meridional Structures of the ENSO
Authors: Gong Yuhan , Lu Jiahao , Li Tian
Published: August 2024

The anomalous zonal wind moves southward during the ENSO mature phase in boreal winter. Previous studies suggest that it may be caused by the nonlinear interaction of annual cycles or the influence of background mean state changes. In this research, the ECHAM4.6 atmospheric model is used to confirm the mechanism of the anomalous zonal wind southward shifting. The annual cycle of solar radiation and SST are removed in the sensitivity experiments to avoid the interaction between the ENSO and annual cycle. The results show that the north–south asymmetry mode of the ENSO anomalous wind field is not the result of a nonlinear interaction between ENSO and the annual cycle. The mean v-winds in winter motivate the southward shifting of the ENSO anomalous wind field through advection.
Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics for Typhoons over the Coast in Eastern China
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Chen Sheng , Kong Yang , Gu Xiaoli , Li Xiaoyu , Nan Xuejing , Yue Sujia , Shen Huayu
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the characteristics of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) for five typhoons that made landfall or passed by Zhejiang on the eastern coast of China, from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, it examines the raindrop shape–slope (µ-Λ) relationship, as well as the local Z-R relationship for these typhoons. The DSD datasets were collected by the DSG1 disdrometer located in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Based on rainfall rate (R), the DSD can be categorized into convective and stratiform rainfall types. Some rainfall parameters can also be derived from the DSDs to further analyze the specific characteristics of rainfall. The histograms of the generalized intercept parameter (log10Nw) exhibit negative skewness in both convective and stratiform rainfall, whereas the histograms of the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) of raindrops display positive skewness. During typhoon periods on the eastern coast of China, the DSD characteristic was composed of a lower number concentration of small and midsize raindrops (3.42 for log10Nw, 1.43 mm for Dm in the whole dataset) as compared to Jiangsu in eastern China, Tokyo, in Japan, Miryang, in South Korea, and Thiruvananthapuram in south India, respectively. At the same time, the scatter plots of Dm and log10Nw indicate that the convective rain during typhoon periods exhibits characteristics that are intermediate between “maritime-like” and “continental-like” clusters. Additionally, the raindrop spectra of convective rainfall and midsize raindrops in stratiform rainfall are well-represented by a three-parameter gamma distribution. The µ-Λ relation in this region is similar to Taiwan and Fujian, located along the southeastern coast of China. The Z-R relationship for eastern coastal China during typhoons based on filtered disdrometer data is Z = 175.04R1.53. These results could offer deeper insights into the microphysical characteristics of different rainfall types along the eastern coast of China and potentially improve the accuracy of precipitation estimates from weather radar observations.
An Efficient Anti-Noise Zeroing Neural Network for Time-Varying Matrix Inverse
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Yang Feixiang , Huang Yun
Published: August 2024

The Time-Varying Matrix Inversion (TVMI) problem is integral to various fields in science and engineering. Countless studies have highlighted the effectiveness of Zeroing Neural Networks (ZNNs) as a dependable approach for addressing this challenge. To effectively solve the TVMI problem, this paper introduces a novel Efficient Anti-Noise Zeroing Neural Network (EANZNN). This model employs segmented time-varying parameters and double integral terms, where the segmented time-varying parameters can adaptively adjust over time, offering faster convergence speeds compared to fixed parameters. The double integral term enables the model to effectively handle the interference of constant noise, linear noise, and other noises. Using the Lyapunov approach, we theoretically analyze and show the convergence and robustness of the proposed EANZNN model. Experimental findings showcase that in scenarios involving linear, constant noise and noise-free environments, the EANZNN model exhibits superior performance compared to traditional models like the Double Integral-Enhanced ZNN (DIEZNN) and the Parameter-Changing ZNN (PCZNN). It demonstrates faster convergence and better resistance to interference, affirming its efficacy in addressing TVMI problems.
Biomembrane-Modified Biomimetic Nanodrug Delivery Systems: Frontier Platforms for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment
Authors: Gu Yunan , Du Lixin , Wu Yuxin , Qin Juan , Gu Xiang , Guo Zhihua , Li Ya
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in current drug therapies, issues such as poor drug targeting and severe side effects persist. In recent years, nanomedicine has been extensively applied in the research and treatment of CVDs. Among these, biomembrane-modified biomimetic nanodrug delivery systems (BNDSs) have emerged as a research focus due to their unique biocompatibility and efficient drug delivery capabilities. By modifying with biological membranes, BNDSs can effectively reduce recognition and clearance by the immune system, enhance biocompatibility and circulation time in vivo, and improve drug targeting. This review first provides an overview of the classification and pathological mechanisms of CVDs, then systematically summarizes the research progress of BNDSs in the treatment of CVDs, discussing their design principles, functional characteristics, and clinical application potential. Finally, it highlights the issues and challenges faced in the clinical translation of BNDSs.
The Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Long COVID-19 for the Possible Future Pandemic of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yanai Hidekatsu , Adachi Hiroki , Hakoshima Mariko , Katsuyama Hisayuki , Sako Akahito
Published: August 2024

Various symptoms have been reported to persist beyond the acute phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is referred to as long coronavirus disease 19 (long COVID-19). Over 65 million individuals suffer from long COVID-19. However, the causes of long COVID-19 are largely unknown. Since long COVID-19 symptoms are observed throughout the body, vascular endothelial dysfunction is a strong candidate explaining the induction of long COVID-19. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is ubiquitously expressed in endothelial cells. We previously found that the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and a history of ASCVD raise the risk of severe COVID-19, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing endothelial dysfunction to severe COVID-19. Here, we show a significant association of endothelial dysfunction with the development of long COVID-19 and show that biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction in patients with long COVID-19 are also crucial players in the development of ASCVD. We consider the influence of long COVID-19 on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ASCVD. Future assessments of the outcomes of long COVID-19 in patients resulting from therapeutic interventions that improve endothelial function may imply the significance of endothelial dysfunction in the development of long COVID-19.
Neural Regulation of Vascular Development: Molecular Mechanisms and Interactions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Shen Xinyu , Deng Shunze , Chen Qiurong , Xu Bing
Published: August 2024

As a critical part of the circulatory system, blood vessels transport oxygen and nutrients to every corner of the body, nourishing each cell, and also remove waste and toxins. Defects in vascular development and function are closely associated with many diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, and atherosclerosis. In the nervous system, the nervous and vascular systems are intricately connected in both development and function. First, peripheral blood vessels and nerves exhibit parallel distribution patterns. In the central nervous system (CNS), nerves and blood vessels form a complex interface known as the neurovascular unit. Second, the vascular system employs similar cellular and molecular mechanisms as the nervous system for its development. Third, the development and function of CNS vasculature are tightly regulated by CNS-specific signaling pathways and neural activity. Additionally, vascular endothelial cells within the CNS are tightly connected and interact with pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia to form the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB strictly controls material exchanges between the blood and brain, maintaining the brain’s microenvironmental homeostasis, which is crucial for the normal development and function of the CNS. Here, we comprehensively summarize research on neural regulation of vascular and BBB development and propose directions for future research.
Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Characterization of Telocytes in Normal and Diabetic Human Kidneys
Authors: Valente Sabrina , Villacampa Lahoz Marta , Vasuri Francesco , Pasquinelli Gianandrea
Published: August 2024

Background: Telocytes are interstitial stromal cells identified in various human organs, including the kidney. Their presence and role in human diabetic kidney disease remain unknown. Methods: To identify and localize telocytes in glomerular and tubule-interstitial compartments, both normal and diabetic human renal tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Renal telocytes are elongated interstitial cells with long, thin telopodes, showing alternating thin and thick segments. They expressed CD34, Nestin, α-SMA, and Vimentin markers. Occasionally, c-Kit expression was observed in some rounded and spindle cells, while no positivity was detected for PDGFR-β and NG2. Telocytes were identified around Bowman’s capsule, tubules, and peritubular capillaries in both normal and diabetic conditions. In diabetic renal samples, there was a significant increase in α-SMA expressing telocytes, leading to periglomerular fibrosis. These telocytes also exhibited a synthetic phenotype with proteoglycan deposition in the extracellular matrix and, in some cases, showed pre-adipocytic differentiation. Conclusions: Telocytes were identified in normal and diabetic human kidneys. These cells form an elastic mechanical scaffold in the interstitium and are present in all renal cortical compartments. In diabetic samples, their increased α-SMA expression and synthetic phenotype suggest their potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Omics Science and Social Aspects in Detecting Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Risk Prediction, and Outcomes of Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Costa Davide , Scalise Enrica , Ielapi Nicola , Bracale Umberto Marcello , Faga Teresa , Michael Ashour , Andreucci Michele , Serra Raffaele
Published: August 2024

Carotid stenosis is characterized by the progressive narrowing of the carotid arteries due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, which can lead to stroke and death as major complications. Numerous biomarkers allow for its study and characterization, particularly those related to “omics” sciences. Through the most common research databases, we report representative studies about carotid stenosis biomarkers based on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in a narrative review. To establish a priority among studies based on their internal validity, we used a quality assessment tool, the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). Genes, transcriptomes, proteins, and metabolites can diagnose the disease, define plaque connotations, predict consequences after revascularization interventions, and associate carotid stenosis with other patient comorbidities. It also emerged that many aspects determining the patient’s psychological and social sphere are implicated in carotid disease. In conclusion, when taking the multidisciplinary approach that combines human sciences with biological sciences, it is possible to comprehensively define a patient’s health and thus improve their clinical management through precision medicine.
Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Kidney Disease—Volume II
Authors: Diep Tram N. , Liu Haoxin , Wang Ying , Wang Yucheng , Hoogewijs David , Yan Liang-Jun
Published: August 2024

The kidney performs fundamental functions by eliminating metabolic waste and reabsorbing essential nutrients and electrolytes such as glucose, proteins, ions, and anions [...]
Angiotensin II Alters Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Lipid Metabolism in Rat Colonic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Toth Darby D. , Souder Christopher L. , Patuel Sarah , English Cole D. , Konig Isaac , Ivantsova Emma , Malphurs Wendi , Watkins Jacqueline , Anne Costa Kaylie , Bowden John A. , Zubcevic Jasenka , Martyniuk Christopher J.
Published: August 2024

An over-active renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is characterized by elevated angiotensin II (Ang II). While Ang II can promote metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues, little is known about its role in the gastrointestinal system (GI). Here, we treated rat primary colonic epithelial cells with Ang II (1–5000 nM) to better define their role in the GI. We hypothesized that Ang II would negatively affect mitochondrial bioenergetics as these organelles express Ang II receptors. Ang II increased cellular ATP production but reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of colonocytes. However, cells maintained mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis with treatment, reflecting metabolic compensation with impaired MMP. To determine whether lipid dysregulation was evident, untargeted lipidomics were conducted. A total of 1949 lipids were detected in colonocytes spanning 55 distinct (sub)classes. Ang II (1 nM) altered the abundance of some sphingosines [So(d16:1)], ceramides [Cer-AP(t18:0/24:0)], and phosphatidylcholines [OxPC(16:0_20:5(2O)], while 100 nM Ang II altered some triglycerides and phosphatidylserines [PS(19:0_22:1). Ang II did not alter the relative expression of several enzymes in lipid metabolism; however, the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) was increased, and PDK2 can be protective against dyslipidemia. This study is the first to investigate the role of Ang II in colonic epithelial cell metabolism.
Impact of Peripheral Angioplasty on Wound Oxygenation and Healing in Patients with Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Schremmer Johanna , Stern Manuel , Baasen Sven , Wischmann Patricia , Foerster Ramy , Schillings Miriam , Bódis Kálmán , Sansone Roberto , Heiss Christian , Kelm Malte , Busch Lucas
Published: August 2024

Managing chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is challenging due to difficulties in assessing tissue oxygen saturation in ulcers. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method for measuring tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). This study evaluated the effects of endovascular treatment (EVT) on StO2 and wound healing in CLTI patients, comparing NIRS to standard ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurements. Using the Duesseldorf PTA Registry, 43 CLTI patients were analyzed: 27 underwent EVT, and 16 received conservative treatment. ABI assessed macrocirculation, while NIRS measured wound, wound area, and mean foot StO2 at baseline, post-EVT, and four-month follow-up. Wound severity was classified by wound area and wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI) score. Wound StO2 increased significantly (median (interquartile range (IQR)), 38 (49.3) to 60 (34.5)%, p = 0.004), as did wound area StO2 (median (IQR), 70.9 (21.6) to 72.8 (18.3)%, p < 0.001), with no significant changes in the control group by four-month follow-up. Wound area decreased significantly after EVT (mean ± SD, 343.1 ± 267.8 to 178.1 ± 268.5 mm2, p = 0.01) but not in the control group. Changes in wound StO2, wound area StO2, and WIfI score correlated with wound area reduction, unlike ABI. This small exploratory study shows that NIRS-measured StO2 improvements after EVT correlate with reduced wound area and WIfI scores, highlighting NIRS as a potential enhancement for CLTI wound management in addition to ABI.
Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Oral Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Lakhera Rishabh , Aggarwal Sadhna , Gupta Shilpi
Published: August 2024

Oral cancer (OC) presents a significant global health burden with rising incidence rates. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatments, the survival rate for OC patients, particularly those with advanced or recurrent disease, remains low at approximately 20%. This poor prognosis is often due to a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are capable of self-renewal and immune evasion, playing pivotal roles in proliferation, tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Exosomes, which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These vesicles carry diverse molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, influencing various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests that CSC-derived EVs significantly promote tumor progression and metastasis and maintain the balance between CSCs and non-CSCs, which is vital for intracellular communication within the TME of oral cancer. Recent reports indicate that oral cancer stem cell-derived EVs (OCSC-EVs) influence stemness, immune evasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor reoccurrence, and drug resistance. Understanding OCSC-EVs could significantly improve oral cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. In this mini-review, we explore OCSC-derived exosomes in oral cancer, examining their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that reflect CSC characteristics, and delve into their therapeutic implications, emphasizing their roles in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, despite their promising potential, several challenges remain, including the need to standardize isolation and characterization methods and to elucidate exosome-mediated mechanisms. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of OCSC-EVs could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that have the potential to improve clinical outcomes for OC patients.
Current Recommendations for the Use of Sound Therapy in Adults with Hyperacusis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kalsoom Nighat , Fackrell Kathryn , El Nsouli Dayana , Carter Hayley
Published: August 2024

Hyperacusis is a condition that is characterized by hypersensitivity to normal everyday sounds or reduced sound tolerance and can affect patients in distressing ways. Sound therapy is a treatment intervention that is used to desensitize patients. However, as yet, there is a lack of understanding on how it is used in clinical practice, the different types of devices, or how to use them. The aim of this scoping review was to establish the current use of sound therapy in adults with hyperacusis and identify any factors that may influence treatment. Methodology: An established methodological framework was used to formulate the research question and guide the search strategy and reporting. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting adult (>18 years) populations with hyperacusis and sound therapy treatments which were published in any language. Searches of electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline (EBSCO), Scopus, PsycINFO) identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria (completed in April 2024). Data from included records were collated and summarized descriptively.
Radiation Dose during Digital Subtraction Angiography of the Brain—The Influence of Examination Parameters and Patient Factors on the Dose
Authors: Modlińska Sandra , Kufel Jakub , Janik Michał , Czogalik Łukasz , Dudek Piotr , Rojek Marcin , Zbroszczyk Miłosz
Published: August 2024

Cerebral vascular angiography, or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), is essential for diagnosing neurological conditions but poses radiation risks. This study aims to analyze the impact of examination parameters and patient characteristics on the radiation dose received during DSA to optimize safety and minimize exposure. A retrospective analysis of 251 DSA procedures using the GE Innova IGS 630 dual-plane instrument was conducted. Data on dose area product (DAP) and air kerma (KERMA), along with patient and examination details, were collected. Statistical analyses, including Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman rank correlation tests, assessed the relationships between variables and radiation dose outcomes. Significant correlations were found between the sides examined (left, right, or both) and DAP (p < 0.0001) and KERMA (p < 0.0001) values, with bilateral studies showing the highest values. The post hoc Dunn tests showed that the ‘L + P’ group significantly differs from both the right group (p < 0.0001 and the left group (p < 0.0001). There is no significant difference between the ‘P’ group and the ‘L’ group (p-value = 0.53). These results suggest that the right and left (both) group have unique KERMA mGy values compared to the other two groups. A strong correlation (rS = 0.87) existed between DAP and KERMA. The number of projections significantly impacted radiation dose (rS = 0.61). Tube parameters (kV and mA) and skull size had low correlations with DAP and KERMA. Optimizing imaging protocols and individualizing parameters can significantly enhance patient safety and diagnostic efficacy while also reducing occupational exposure for medical staff.
A WCA-Based Evaluation Approach for Matching Analysis of the Construction Process
Authors: Ye Hongyu , Zhang Hong , Sun Minjie , Lv Yihan , Yang Wensheng , Gong Yinan , Huang Baolin , Cong Meng
Published: August 2024

Assessing construction process optimization and efficiency is crucial for the industry, yet quantitative methods for comparison are lacking. We propose the process matching degree (PMD) to quantitatively assess construction processes, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Five primary indicators—regulations, environment, equipment, components, and organization—were identified, each of which were initially weighted equally using the weighted criteria approach (WCA). To refine the assessment, we conducted a questionnaire survey to adjust these weights based on expert feedback. Three sub-indicators were introduced for each primary indicator to increase granularity. The PMD’s operability was verified through two cases study involving BIM-simulated and real construction processes. The light-steel-structure building’s PMD values were 68 and 58 points, and the concrete structure’s PMD was 88.25, respectively, and the reasons for these differences were analyzed. This paper introduces PMD, its evaluation indicators, and calculation method, and verifies its feasibility through cases studies and expert questionnaire surveys, providing a comprehensive PMD research methodology.
Aurora Kinase A Inhibition Potentiates Platinum and Radiation Cytotoxicity in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Induces Expression of Alternative Immune Checkpoints
Authors: Liu Huijie , Cali Daylan Ayse Ece , Yang Jihua , Tanwar Ankit , Borczuk Alain , Zhang Dongwei , Chau Vincent , Li Shenduo , Ge Xuan , Halmos Balazs , Zang Xingxing , Cheng Haiying
Published: August 2024

Despite major advances in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, the five-year survival rates for patients with non-oncogene-driven tumors remain low, necessitating combinatory approaches to improve outcomes. Our prior high-throughput RNAi screening identified Aurora kinase A (AURKA) as a potential key player in cisplatin resistance. In this study, we investigated AURKA’s role in platinum and radiation sensitivity in multiple NSCLC cell lines and xenograft mouse models, as well as its effect on immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, B7x, B7-H3, and HHLA2. Of 94 NSCLC patient tumor specimens, 91.5% tested positive for AURKA expression, with 34% showing moderate-to-high levels. AURKA expression was upregulated following cisplatin treatment in NSCLC cell lines PC9 and A549. Both AURKA inhibition by alisertib and inducible AURKA knockdown potentiated the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and radiation, leading to tumor regression in doxycycline-inducible xenograft mice. Co-treated cells exhibited increased DNA double-strand breaks, apoptosis, and senescence. Additionally, AURKA inhibition alone by alisertib increased PD-L1 and B7-H3 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that AURKA inhibition enhances the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC cells and modulates the expression of multiple immune checkpoints. Therefore, combinatory regimens with AURKA inhibitors should be strategically designed and further studied within the evolving landscape of chemo-immunotherapy.
Remyelinating Drugs at a Crossroad: How to Improve Clinical Efficacy and Drug Screenings
Authors: Al Jaf Aland Ibrahim Ahmed , Peria Simone , Fabiano Tommaso , Ragnini-Wilson Antonella
Published: August 2024

Axons wrapped around the myelin sheath enable fast transmission of neuronal signals in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Unfortunately, myelin can be damaged by injury, viral infection, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Remyelination is a spontaneous process that can restore nerve conductivity and thus movement and cognition after a demyelination event. Cumulative evidence indicates that remyelination can be pharmacologically stimulated, either by targeting natural inhibitors of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) differentiation or by reactivating quiescent Neural Stem Cells (qNSCs) proliferation and differentiation in myelinating Oligodendrocytes (OLs). Although promising results were obtained in animal models for demyelination diseases, none of the compounds identified have passed all the clinical stages. The significant number of patients who could benefit from remyelination therapies reinforces the urgent need to reassess drug selection approaches and develop strategies that effectively promote remyelination. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technologies with patient-derived cell-based assays and organoid models is expected to lead to novel strategies and drug screening pipelines to achieve this goal. In this review, we explore the current literature on these technologies and their potential to enhance the identification of more effective drugs for clinical use in CNS remyelination therapies.
Organic Semiconductor Devices Fabricated with Recycled Tetra Pak®-Based Electrodes and para-Quinone Methides
Authors: Sánchez Vergara María Elena , Santillán Esquivel Eva Alejandra , Ballinas-Indilí Ricardo , Lozada-Flores Octavio , Miranda-Ruvalcaba René , Álvarez-Toledano Cecilio
Published: August 2024

This work presents the synthesis of para-quinone methides (p-QMs), which were deposited as films using the high vacuum sublimation technique after being chemically characterized. The p-QMs films were characterized morphologically and structurally using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, their optical behavior was studied by means of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and the optical gaps obtained were in the range of 2.21–2.71 eV for indirect transitions, indicating the semiconductor behavior of the p-QMs. The above was verified through the manufacture and evaluation of the electrical behavior of rigid semiconductor devices, in which fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass slides (FTO) were used as an anode and substrate. Finally, as an original, ecological, and low-cost application, the FTO was replaced by substrates and anodes made from recycled Tetra Pak®, generating flexible semiconductor devices. Although the electrical current transported depends on the type of p-QMs, the substituent in its structure, and the morphology, the kinds of substrate and anode also influence the type of electrical behavior of the device. This current–voltage study demonstrates that p-QM2 with 4-Cl-Ph as a radical, p-QM3 with 4-Et2N-Ph as a radical, and p-QM6 with 5-(1,3-benzodioxol) as a radical can be used in optoelectronics as semiconductor films.
Preparation of Dense TiAl Intermetallics by Cold Spraying the Precursor–Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Ma Jiayan , Chu Xin , Xie Yingchun , Li Jizhan , Liu Min , Huang Jiwu
Published: August 2024

In this study, based on the element powder metallurgy method, a new hybrid method is proposed, which firstly prepares TiAl-based deposit precursors by the cold spraying of mixed Ti and Al powders and then combines this with hot isostatic pressing to achieve the preparation of TiAl-based alloys. This paper explores the effects of deposition parameters on deposition efficiency and coating composition and investigates the evolution of the microstructure and properties of TiAl-based alloys by different hot isostatic pressing parameters. The results show that the prepared TiAl deposits are dense and free of microstructural defects; a high deposition efficiency (75%) and small deviation of coating composition (3 at %) are obtained under the spraying parameters of 5 MPa, 500 °C. The TiAl-based alloy with a dense microstructure can be prepared by controlling the parameters such as temperature, pressure, and heating rate of subsequent hot isostatic pressing.
Use of 2D Sulfide and Oxide Compounds as Functional Semiconducting Pigments in Protective Organic Coatings Containing Zinc Dust
Authors: Kohl Miroslav , Boštíková Karolína , Slang Stanislav , Schmidová Eva , Kalendová Andréa
Published: August 2024

Within this study, the influence of particles of different types, natures, and sizes on the mechanical and corrosion resistance of pigmented systems containing spherical zinc was studied. For this study, prominent representatives from the group of transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2), layered transition metal oxides (MoO3, WO3), and other semiconductor materials (ZnS and ZnO) were used. The layered ultra-thin structure of these particles was predisposed to provide enhanced mechanical and anti-corrosion performance. The mechanical properties of the studied coatings were tested using standardized mechanical tests, while the anti-corrosion performance of these coatings was studied using standardized cyclic corrosion tests and the linear polarization electrochemical technique. The results of the experimental techniques bring completely original knowledge about the action of these pigments in paint systems pigmented with zinc. The results of experimental techniques have shown enhancement and an increase in both mechanical and anti-corrosion performance when using these special types of inorganic pigments. In particular, with organic coatings pigmented with MoO3, there was an increase in mechanical resistance mainly due to its morphology and layered structure. In addition, a significant enhancement of the anti-corrosion efficiency was noted for this type of organic coating due to the enhancement of individual types of action mechanisms typical and proven for zinc-pigmented systems. These original findings can be used in the search for possibilities to reduce the zinc content in zinc-pigmented organic coatings. This partial replacement of zinc particles leads not only to a reduction in the zinc content in the system but also to a significant strengthening of the mechanical resistance and an increase in the corrosion efficiency of the system.
Exploring the Genetic Structure and Phylogeographic Patterns of the Copepod Genus Eurytemora in Europe
Authors: Mouth Céleste , Ferreira Flavien , Sukhikh Natalia , Bou Elisa , Bernard Anaëlle , Tackx Michèle , Azémar Fréderic , Meire Patrick , Maris Tom , Legal Luc
Published: August 2024

The genus Eurytemora is a diverse group of copepods found in coastal, estuarine, brackish, and freshwater environments. The main research has focused on Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880) and revealed it to be a species complex. Eurytemora velox (Liljeborg, 1853) has only recently been characterized in the Scheldt estuary but never within a global phylogenetic context. This study integrated nearly all European Eurytemora species sequences available, along with original ones from the Scheldt. A total of 351 sequences were analyzed using one mitochondrial gene (CO1) and one nuclear gene (nITS), with sequencing performed specifically on the CO1 gene. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using the Maximum Likelihood method, along with haplowebs and genetic diversity indices. A significant subdivision between six European species was observed. The monophyletic clade status of the E. affinis complex was confirmed alongside the existence of three geographically isolated lineages of the E. affinis species, the East Atlantic, the North Sea/English Channel, and the Baltic lineages, each exhibiting pronounced genetic differentiation. The population of E. velox from the Urals differs significantly from the European ones. These results provide both an overview of the genetic structure of the genus in geographic Europe as well as new insights on E. velox.
Seasonal Phenotypic Variation in the Aeolian Wall Lizard, Podarcis raffonei, of the Capo Grosso (Vulcano) Population
Authors: Gambioli Benedetta , Macale Daniele , Vignoli Leonardo
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, studies on animal coloration have expanded significantly, from understanding color production and perception mechanisms to exploring the selective pressures driving these patterns. Conservation biology has begun leveraging these studies to develop effective strategies, gauge public support for conservation projects, select flagship species, and determine reproductive pairs and optimal rearing and release conditions for captive breeding. Critically endangered Aeolian wall lizards (Podarcis raffonei) were housed at the Fondazione Bioparco di Roma for a pilot captive breeding project following alarming hypotheses of rising numbers of “green” hybrids (P. raffonei × P. siculus) in one of the four surviving populations. Through a quantitative analysis of visible dorsal color in captive and natural populations, we aim to determine whether P. raffonei is characterized by seasonal variation in its dorsal coloration and if color is influenced by sex and ontogenesis. Our findings show that P. raffonei’s dorsal pigmentation varies between seasons. In spring, the size and age of the animals does not seem to affect any color component, while the sexes always differ in their hue, with males having consistently more yellow-green dorsa. Between-year analyses, including measurements from the wild population, indicate that yearly variation is not limited to the captive population but also occurs in nature. We caution against identifying potential hybrids based solely on phenotypic traits.
Cytogenetically Balanced Reciprocal Translocation Could Hide Molecular Genomic Unbalances: Implications for Foetal Phenotype Correlation
Authors: Villa Nicoletta , Redaelli Serena , Farina Stefania , Sala Elena , Crosti Francesca , Cozzolino Sabrina , Verderio Maria , Dalprà Leda , Roversi Gaia , Bentivegna Angela , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Lavitrano Marialuisa , Conconi Donatella
Published: August 2024

When an increased nuchal translucency (>3.00 mm) is observed during the echographic examination of a foetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, an increased risk of chromosomopathy is considered, and the pregnant woman is offered the possibility of an invasive investigation. Here, we focused our attention on prenatal diagnosis issues in cases of foetuses with cytogenetically balanced reciprocal translocations. We report the finding of a cytogenetically balanced, de facto genomically unbalanced translocation that poses a challenge in a case of prenatal diagnosis, changing the risk of Down syndrome in a Zellweger syndromic spectrum risk (PEX3 deletion). At term, a healthy baby was born. This case teaches that prenatal diagnosis in cases of foetuses at increased risk of chromosomal abnormality imperatively requires molecular investigation in addition to a morphological karyotype.
A General Method for Pre-Flight Preparation in Data Collection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Bridge Inspection
Authors: Almasi Pouya , Xiao Yangjian , Premadasa Roshira , Boyle Jonathan , Jauregui David , Wan Zhe , Zhang Qianyun
Published: August 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their unique features. Utilizing UAVs for bridge inspection offers a promising solution to overcome challenges associated with traditional methods. While UAVs present considerable advantages, there are challenges associated with their use in bridge inspection, particularly in ensuring effective data collection. The primary objective of this study is to tackle the challenges related to data collection in bridge inspection using UAVs. A comprehensive method for pre-flight preparation in data collection is proposed. A well-structured flowchart has been created, covering crucial steps, including identifying the inspection purpose, selecting appropriate hardware, planning and optimizing flight paths, and calibrating sensors. The method has been tested in two case studies of bridge inspections in the State of New Mexico. The results show that the proposed method represents a significant advancement in utilizing UAVs for bridge inspection. These results indicate improvements in accuracy from 7.19% to 21.57% in crack detection using the proposed data collection method. By tackling the data collection challenges, the proposed method serves as a foundation for the application of UAVs for bridge inspection.
Furstenberg Family and Chaos for Time-Varying Discrete Dynamical Systems
Authors: Li Risong , Li Yongjiang , Lu Tianxiu , Zhao Jiazheng , Su Jing
Published: August 2024

Assume that (Y,ρ) is a nontrivial complete metric space, and that (Y,g1,∞) is a time-varying discrete dynamical system (T-VDDS), which is given by sequences (gl)l=1∞ of continuous selfmaps gl:Y→Y. In this paper, for a given Furstenberg family G and a given T-VDDS (Y,g1,∞), G-scrambled pairs of points of the system (Y,g1,∞) (which contains the well-known scrambled pairs) are provided. Some properties of the set of G-scrambled pairs of a given T-VDDS (Y,g1,∞) are studied. Moreover, the generically G-chaotic T-VDDS and the generically strongly G-chaotic T-VDDS are defined. A sufficient condition for a given T-VDDS to be generically strongly G-chaotic is also presented.
Mental Health Response to Disasters in Healthcare Including the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adams Traci N. , Belt Haley , Mehta Roma M. , Patel Hetal J. , Ruggiero Rosechelle M. , North Carol S.
Published: August 2024

Healthcare workers were substantially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Front-line workers continue to suffer higher rates of distress and burnout than they had before the pandemic. In order to heal the front-line workforce and plan for the next disaster in healthcare, it is necessary to carefully reflect on the COVID-19 pandemic and integrate that experience with the existing literature on disaster mental health. In this narrative review, the disaster MH framework for community disasters is adapted to the healthcare setting. The first principle of disaster mental health is to distinguish between normative distress and psychopathology. The second step in the framework includes stabilization, triage, and referral to psychiatry. The third step in disaster mental health framework is intervention for psychological distress and psychiatric illness. Interventions for emotional distress may include psychological first aid (PFA), psychological debriefing, crisis counseling, and psychoeducation, whereas interventions for psychopathology include pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy. Unfortunately, many front-line HCWs were indeed damaged by the pandemic and continue to report high levels of burnout and distress, in part because the MH response to the pandemic was lacking or otherwise inadequate. Screening, triage and referral to MH resources, and interventions are fundamental aspects of an MH response to disaster and may be coordinated with formal operational procedures within incident command structures. Setting up these structures in advance, preferentially, and establishing networks of psychiatrists and crisis MH responders who will implement them are essential. By reflecting on the pandemic and learning from prior disasters, we can care for those who care for our sickest patients.
Developing a Novel Model for ICT Integration in South African Education: Insights from TIMSS
Authors: Graham Marien Alet , Kruger Guillaume Matthys , van Ryneveld Linda
Published: August 2024

ICT integration in the classroom is viewed as a panacea towards resolving education challenges. A quantitative approach using South African Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS) 2019 Grades 5&9 data with a positivist philosophical stance was used to explore ICT use. For a long time, most school research took the form of small-scale qualitative studies, such as case studies or critical policy studies; however, research in education has witnessed an increasing demand for high-quality, large-scale quantitative studies such as the current study. TIMSS utilised a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design, sampling schools by size and selecting intact classes. This study focusses on South Africa where 297 schools, 294 mathematics teachers, and 11,903 students were sampled at Grade 5 level, and, at Grade 9 level, the sample consisted of 519 schools, 543 mathematics teachers and 20,829 students. More than 50% of students attend schools lacking computers/tablets, a figure that rises to nearly 90% concerning their availability in classrooms. Less than half of students attend schools utilising online learning systems or providing digital resources. Principals in approximately half the schools indicated shortages/inadequacies in technologically competent staff, and audio-visual and computer technology/software resources. Approximately 80% of teachers expressed interest in future technology integration training for both grades when surveyed. Over half of the students lacked home internet access; however, the majority had access to cell phones and computers/tablets at home. In tailoring this study to the South African context, a novel model for ICT integration emerged which draws upon the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness and the TIMSS curriculum model. Recommendations for improving policy and practice in ICT implementation in schools are structured around the new model.
Compact Walsh–Hadamard Transform-Driven S-Box Design for ASIC Implementations
Authors: Tariq Omer , Dastagir Muhammad Bilal Akram , Han Dongsoo
Published: August 2024

With the exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), ensuring robust end-to-end encryption is paramount. Current cryptographic accelerators often struggle with balancing security, area efficiency, and power consumption, which are critical for compact IoT devices and system-on-chips (SoCs). This work presents a novel approach to designing substitution boxes (S-boxes) for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption, leveraging dual quad-bit structures to enhance cryptographic security and hardware efficiency. By utilizing Algebraic Normal Forms (ANFs) and Walsh–Hadamard Transforms, the proposed Register Transfer Level (RTL) circuitry ensures optimal non-linearity, low differential uniformity, and bijectiveness, making it a robust and efficient solution for ASIC implementations. Implemented on 65 nm CMOS technology, our design undergoes rigorous statistical analysis to validate its security strength, followed by hardware implementation and functional verification on a ZedBoard. Leveraging Cadence EDA tools, the ASIC implementation achieves a central circuit area of approximately 199 μm2. The design incurs a hardware cost of roughly 80 gate equivalents and exhibits a maximum path delay of 0.38 ns. Power dissipation is measured at approximately 28.622 μW with a supply voltage of 0.72 V. According to the ASIC implementation on the TSMC 65 nm process, the proposed design achieves the best area efficiency, approximately 66.46% better than state-of-the-art designs.