bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rh‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis of diverse N‐aryl pyrazoles via cascade pyrazole annulation and aryl C‐H addition to alkenes
Authors: Wen Xinyuan , Wan Jie‐Ping , Zhang Ming , Liu Yunyun
Published: July 2024

A novel Rh‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis of N‐(o‐alkylaryl) pyrazoles via cascade pyrazole annulation and aryl C‐H conjugate addition to alkenes has been developed with enaminones, hydrazines, and functionalized alkenes as starting materials. The raw materials used in this reaction are simple, cheap, and readily available, and the reactions feature excellent step economy by furnishing products via the formation of a pyrazole ring and a key C‐H activation in one‐step operation. Moreover, the reaction proceeds smoothly under air atmosphere, making it easy to operate.
Effect of cyclization degree of nitrogen thermal pretreatment on radial structure of PAN stabilized fibers
Authors: Wang Guanbo , Lu Chunxiang , Sun Tongqing , Shao Wei
Published: July 2024

The effect of cyclization degree of nitrogen thermal pretreatment on the radial structure difference of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) oxide fibers is explored. In this paper, PAN fibers were isothermally heated in nitrogen at 170°C, 190°C and 210°C for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min, respectively, so as to obtain pre‐treated fibers with cyclization degrees of 0%, 19.96%, 35.18%, 38.92%, 42.80%, and 53.12%, respectively. The pre‐treated fibers were further stabilized in an oxygen atmosphere. The scanning results show that the radial structure difference of oxide fibers first decreases and then increases with cyclization degree increasing. Through FTIR, SEM and Raman characterization, it is found that this phenomenon is mainly related to the influence of nitrogen thermal pretreatment on oxygen diffusion. Therefore, to improve the thermal stability efficiency of PAN fibers by means of nitrogen thermal pre‐treatment, it is necessary to control the degree of cyclisation, and the appropriate degree of cyclisation in the present work is about 35%.
Preparation and properties of a powdery resin for rapid adsorption of spill oils: 1‐octene‐isoprene‐trimethylolpropane triacrylate crosslinking copolymer
Authors: Zhou Feng , Dai Yu , Qin Wei , Li Zhenyong , Song Yu , Bian Fuli , Song Quanwei , Ren Xianyan
Published: July 2024

Existing adsorption materials with drawbacks in the weak organic solvents/oil retention ability, slow adsorption speed and low adsorption capacity for alkanes still hardly meet demands of the application field, especially in emergencies. The copolymerization of the long‐chain alkenes, 1‐octene, with isoprene was designed in this paper to synthesize an adsorption resin (PIOT), instead of acrylate monomers reported in the literature. And trimethylolpropane triacrylate was designed as a crosslinking agent. Results show that the PIOT grows in the form of powders, which are the loose accumulation of nanoflakes with a diameter of about 47.89 ± 11.06 nm. In view of the chain structure and morphology of the PIOT, it can quickly reach the maximum adsorption within 10 s along with a high adsorption capacity for various solvents and kerosene. Even for hexane, the adsorption capacity of the PIOT increases by 345.2% compared with the reported adsorption resin. The oil retention rate of PIOT can be maintained at 86 ± 6% after centrifugation at 1000–3000 rpm for 5–25 min. Compared with commercial activated carbon, the PIOT has outstanding advantages in recycling property and oil retention rate and compared with the reported acrylate adsorption resin, the PIOT has made a great breakthrough in adsorption capacity for alkanes.
Fatigue assessment of cord rubber composite air spring bellows based on specimen testing and numerical analysis
Authors: Torggler Julian , Faethe Tobias , Müller Heiko , Dutzler Andreas , Machado Charry Eduardo , Buzzi Christian , Leitner Martin
Published: July 2024

Rail vehicle air spring bellows consisting of cord rubber composites are subject to a wide variety of stresses. It is therefore crucial to understand the fatigue behavior of such components, as the development process involves the use of empirical methods, which are both time‐consuming and costly. This paper outlines a methodology for assessing the fatigue strength of air spring bellows through representative specimen testing. Ten component tests and a validated numerical model of the air spring bellows are presented. The primary loading scenario investigated in this study is pure pulsating tensile stress with a strain ratio R in the range of 0–0.25. This scenario is considered to be highly damaging, leading to delamination. Comprehensive damage analysis of the specimen is performed using microcomputed tomography. To ensure the transferability of the results, a failure criterion is defined as 20% elongation of the specimen, based on the defined 10% internal pressure drop for the bellow. After statistical evaluation, the transferability of the specimen tests to the component is validated using a local fatigue approach. The correlation coefficient R2 is 0.84, indicating a sound agreement between model and tests with 7 points out of 10 within a scatter factor of 2.
The antidepressant effect of Shexiang Baoxin Pills on myocardial infarction rats with depression may be achieved through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Wang Yue , Chen Yuwen , Li Bingqing , Zhou Yilu , Guan Jing , Huang Fanke , Wu Jingjing , Dong Yanyan , Sun Peiyuan , Tian Xue , Cai Jindan , Ran Feng , Dai Qiuting , Lv Jianfeng
Published: July 2024

Background

Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) frequently experience a heightened incidence of depression, thereby increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Consequently, early detection and intervention in depressive symptoms among patients with MI are imperative. Shexiang Baoxin Pills (SBP), a Chinese patent medicine employed for the treatment of MI, exhibits diverse mechanisms targeting this condition. Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficacy on postmyocardial infarction depressive symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of SBP in managing depression during acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

A rat model combining MI and depression was established, and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: the model (MOD) group, SBP group, Fluoxetine (FLX) group, and Sham group. After 28 days of drug intervention, cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography while behavior was evaluated through sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), and open‐field test (OFT). Additionally, levels of inflammatory factors in serum and hippocampus were measured along with NLRP3 inflammasome‐related protein expression via Western blotting and immunofluorescence.

Results

SBP can enhance cardiac function in rats with AMI and depression, while significantly ameliorating depressive‐like behavior. Compared to the Sham group, levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α, and other inflammatory factors were markedly elevated in the MOD group. However, expressions of these inflammatory factors were reduced to varying degrees following treatment with SBP or FLX. Analysis of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins in the hippocampus revealed a significant upregulation of IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, ASC, caspase‐1, and GSDMD in the MOD group; conversely, these measures were significantly attenuated after SBP intervention.

Conclusion

We have observed a significant amelioration in depression‐like behavior upon SBP administration during the treatment of AMI, suggesting that this effect may be attributed to the inhibition of NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis. (The main findings are summarized in the graphical abstract in the supplementary file.)
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobe on the body image perception in anorexia nervosa: A pilot randomized controlled study
Authors: Chastan Nathalie , Achamrah Najate , Etard Olivier , Nathou Clément , Piquet Marie‐Astrid , Guillaume Sébastien , Attal Jérôme , Gillibert André , Dechelotte Pierre , Guillin Olivier , Welter Marie‐Laure
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with distorted perception of body shape, previously linked to hypoactivity and reduced excitability of the right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL). Here, we investigated the impact of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF rTMS) of the rIPL on body shape perception in patients with AN.

Methods

Seventeen patients with AN (median [Q1_Q3] age, 35 [27_39] years; disease duration, 12 [6_18] years) were randomly assigned to receive real or sham HF (10 Hz) rTMS of the rIPL over a period of 2 weeks, comprising 10 sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Secondary outcomes included eating disorder symptoms, body mass index, mood, anxiety, and safety. Data collection were done at baseline, post‐rTMS, and at 2 weeks and 3 months post‐rTMS.

Results

Following both real and sham rTMS of the rIPL, no significant differences were observed in body shape perception or other parameters. Both real and sham rTMS interventions were deemed safe and well tolerated. Notably, serious adverse events were associated with the underlying eating and mood disorders, resulting in hospitalization for undernutrition (five patients) or suicidal attempts (two patients).

Conclusion

This pilot study does not support the use of rTMS of the rIPL as an effective method for improving body shape perception in individuals with the restrictive form of AN. Further research is warranted to comprehensively explore both the clinical and neurophysiological effects of HF rTMS in this population.
Clinical features, MRI, molecular alternations, and prognosis of astrocytoma based on WHO 2021 classification of central nervous system tumors: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yuekun , Xing Hao , Guo Xiaopeng , Chen Wenlin , Wang Yaning , Liang Tingyu , Wang Hai , Li Yilin , Jin Shanmu , Shi Yixin , Liu Delin , Yang Tianrui , Xia Yu , Li Junlin , Wu Jiaming , Liu Qianshu , Qu Tian , Guo Siying , Li Huanzhang , Zhang Kun , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin
Published: July 2024

Background

The diagnosis of glioma has advanced since the release of the WHO 2021 classification with more molecular alterations involved in the integrated diagnostic pathways. Our study aimed to present our experience with the clinical features and management of astrocytoma, IDH mutant based on the latest WHO classification.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant based on the WHO 5th edition classification of CNS tumors at our center from January 2009 to January 2022 were included. Patients were divided into WHO 2–3 grade group and WHO 4 grade group. Integrate diagnoses were retrospectively confirmed according to WHO 2016 and 2021 classification. Clinical and MRI characteristics were reviewed, and survival analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 60 patients were enrolled. 21.67% (13/60) of all patients changed tumor grade from WHO 4th edition classification to WHO 5th edition. Of these, 21.43% (6/28) of grade II astrocytoma and 58.33% (7/12) of grade III astrocytoma according to WHO 4th edition classification changed to grade 4 according to WHO 5th edition classification. Sex (p = 0.042), recurrent glioma (p = 0.006), and Ki‐67 index (p < 0.001) of pathological examination were statistically different in the WHO grade 2–3 group (n = 27) and WHO grade 4 group (n = 33). CDK6 (p = 0.004), FGFR2 (p = 0.003), and MYC (p = 0.004) alterations showed an enrichment in the WHO grade 4 group. Patients with higher grade showed shorter mOS (mOS = 75.9 m, 53.6 m, 26.4 m for grade 2, 3, and 4, respectively, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients diagnosed as WHO grade 4 according to the 5th edition WHO classification based on molecular alterations are more likely to have poorer prognosis. Therefore, treatment should be tailored to their individual needs. Further research is needed for the management of IDH‐mutant astrocytoma is needed in the future.
A Bifunctional Methyltransferase in Biosynthesis of Antitumor Antibiotic Streptonigrin
Authors: Wang Xiaozheng , Xie Xinyue , Wo Jing , Huang Tingting , Deng Zixin , Lin Shuangjun
Published: July 2024

Streptonigrin (STN, 1) is a highly functionalized aminoquinone alkaloid antibiotic with broad and potent antitumor activity. STN structurally contains four methyl groups belonging to two types: C‐methyl group and O‐methyl groups. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the O‐methyltransferase StnQ2 that can catalyze both the methylation of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group in the biosynthesis of streptonigrin. This work not only provides a new insight into methyltransferases, but also advances the elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of streptonigrin.
Effects of Ir‐Incorporation and Nanostructuring in β‐MnO2 for an Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kakati Uddipana , Roe Benjamin , Dunuweera Shashiprabha P. , Mendez‐Guerra Jose F. , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: July 2024

We investigated the electrocatalytic properties of Ir/β‐MnO2, with 4.2–5.6 atomic % (at %) iridium. The Ir/β‐MnO2 was synthesized by heating Ir/R‐MnO2—formed via a surfactant‐assisted (SA) method using KMnO4, IrCl3.H2O, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)—to 400 °C. The Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) was nano‐sized based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), 5.6 at % Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) exhibited an overpotential (
of 327±5 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), at 10 mA
in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. At 10 mA 
the Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) catalyzed the OER for 72 h at an
of 534 mV. During this time there was a 12 % loss in Mn and 8 % loss in Ir from the structure. An IrO2 catalyst exhibited an initial η of 420±7 for the OER, but after 20 h of operation at 10 mA 
there was a steep rise in potential (>550 mV) and 12 % loss in Ir. The enhanced activity and stability of Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) is attributed to the incorporation of Ir into the MnO2 lattice during synthesis and the formation of nano‐sized particles using the SA method.
Dimers and 2D Networks of Adamantane‐Related Ternary Organosilicon Coinage Metal Sulfide Clusters
Authors: Nier Simon , Rinn Niklas , Guggolz Lukas , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: July 2024

Adamantane‐type organotin sulfide clusters were recently shown to react with coinage metal phosphine complexes under replacement of an organic substituent by a metal‐phosphine unit. An extension of such studies involving the silicon‐based congener [(PhSi)4S6] (A) revealed that the cluster core will be partly disassembled and a {PhSi} moiety is replaced by a coinage metal phosphine complex to form [(Et3PAg)3(PhSi)3S6] (B) and [Na2(thf)2.33][(Me3PCu)(PhSi)3S6] (C). Herein, we present an extension of this work upon variation of the reactants and reaction conditions. Besides the isolation of crystalline precursor complexes [CuCl(PMe2Ph)3] (1) and [AgCl(PMe2Ph)2]2 (2), the study addresses reactions of A with AgCl and a phosphine ligand in CH2Cl2, upon which A is completely disassembled to form [(Ph3P)3Ag(μ‐S)SiCl2Ph] (3). In another case a CH2 group, most likely stemming from CH2Cl2, was attached to the ligand, thus generating [{PhCl(S)SiSCH2P(Ph2)CH2CH2}2] (4). Upon using CuCl and 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) we isolated the phosphine‐bridged analog of B, [{(dppbCu2)CuP(Ph2)(CH2CH2)(PhSi)3S6}2] (5). In order to receive the yet elusive silver homolog of C, we used PMe2Ph as a bulkier ligand. This way we generated a 2D coordination polymer of the desired composition, [Na2(thf)1.5][(Me2PhPAg)(PhSi)3S6] (6). UV‐visible spectra of 6 indicated a bandgap of 3.89 eV, thus blue‐shifted in regards to B and C.
Photoinduced Transition‐Metal and External Photosensitizer Free Benzylic Fluorination of Unactivated Alkylarenes
Authors: Lai Jiawen , Xiao Xuan , Shao Shixing , Wang Shuping , Kan Jian , Su Weiping
Published: July 2024

A green and efficient protocol for the direct monofluorination of unactivated alkylarenes under visible‐light irradiation has been developed, without any extraneous transition‐metal catalysts or photosensitizers. This method is compatible with a broad spectrum of functional groups, including carboxylic and alcoholic scaffolds, under mild reaction conditions. Gram‐scale synthesis of a fluorine‐containing pharmaceutical analogue was successfully executed, underscoring the strategy's reliability and practicality. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that a single‐electron transfer mechanism might be responsible for the generation of the benzylic radicals in initiation step.
Applications of Electrophotocatalysis in C−H Functionalization of Organic Molecules
Authors: Andrejčák Samuel , Májek Michal
Published: July 2024

Electrophotocatalysis (EPC) has evolved as a new scientific discipline around the boundary of highly active fields: electrochemistry and photocatalysis. EPC allows us to combine the energy of light and electric potential to activate previously inaccessible compounds via single‐electron transfer (SET). Herein, we review the most essential applications of EPC to the C−H functionalization of molecules. This work discusses mechanisms that can be encountered when designing such processes and analyzes technical aspects of performing EPC reactions in the laboratory.
Surface Engineering of the Mechanical Properties of Molecular Crystals via an Atomistic Model for Computing the Facet Stress Response of Solids
Authors: Almehairbi Mubarak , Joshi Vikram C. , Irfan Ahamad , Saeed Zeinab M. , Alkhidir Tamador , Abdelhaq Aya M. , Managutti Praveen B. , Dhokale Bhausaheb , Jadhav Thaksen , Sun Changquan Calvin , Mohamed Sharmarke
Published: July 2024

Invited for the cover of this issue are Mubarak Almehairbi, Vikram C. Joshi, Changquan Calvin Sun and Sharmarke Mohamed. The image depicts the digital exploration of the mechanical properties of crystals on specific facets that may be of interest for materials applications by “dialing‐in” their stress response. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202400779.
Effect of Coffee Thermocycling on Color Stability and Translucency of CAD‐CAM Polychromatic High Translucent Zirconia Compared With Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: Khomprang Ratchaphat , Sripetchdanond Jeerapa , Chengprapakorn Wareeratn
Published: July 2024

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate the effect of coffee thermocycling on color stability and translucency of CAD‐CAM polychromatic high translucent zirconia compared with lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

Methods

Sixteen rectangular plates (14 × 16 × 1.0 mm) of two ceramic materials (IPS E.max CAD (IEC), IPS E.max ZirCAD Prime [IZP]) were prepared. Each specimen was measured for color coordinates using a spectrophotometer following 30,000 cycles of coffee thermocycling. CIELAB formula was used to determine color and translucency differences (ΔE and ΔTP). The means of ΔE and ΔTP were compared using independent samples t‐test and were evaluated using their respective 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT and AT). One‐way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the translucency parameter (TP) and surface roughness (Ra) of each material.

Results

Mean ΔE values of IEC (4.69) and IZP (4.64) were higher than the AT (ΔE ≤ 2.7) with no significant difference found between the two groups (p = 0.202). Considering the TP, only IEC showed a statistically significant increase in TP value (p < 0.001). However, the mean ΔTP of IEC (3.25) remained within the range of acceptability (1.3 < ΔTP ≤ 4.4).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this current study, the color stability of all materials was clinically affected by coffee thermocycling. In terms of translucency, only lithium disilicate glass ceramic was influenced by coffee thermocycling. High translucent zirconia had superior translucency stability compared to lithium disilicate glass ceramic.
Evaluation of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion in Kenyans of African Descent
Authors: Mosomi Marion N. , Maina Susan W. , Osiro Olivia A. , Omondi Ben I.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the validity of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion among Kenyans of African descent with naturally well‐aligned teeth.

Materials and Methods

Standardized frontal photographic images of the smiles of 175 participants aged 18–35 years were obtained, and Adobe Photoshop was used to analyze and measure the frontal widths of the maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines in triplicate. The average teeth widths were calculated to determine the existence of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and RED Proportion, and their validity using independent sample t‐tests to compare the differences in the mean teeth widths at α < 0.05.

Results

The number of male and female participants was 107 (61.1%) and 68 (38.9%), respectively. The Golden Proportion between the maxillary central and lateral incisors was found in 4.0% on the right and 2.8% on the left of all the participants, but between the maxillary lateral incisors and canines was found in only 0.6% on the right of male participants (p < 0.0001). The RED Proportion between the maxillary lateral and central incisors was in the range of 67%–70%, and between the canines and lateral incisors was 82%–84% (p < 0.0001). The proportion of RED was not constant, and gradually increased distally. The Golden Percentage of 15% was observed in the lateral incisors bilaterally; however, in the central incisors and the canines, the Golden Percentage was 22% and 12%, respectively.

Conclusion

The Golden and RED Proportions were invalid determinants of anterior teeth proportions. The Golden Percentage existed only in the lateral incisors. The Golden Proportion, RED Proportion, and Golden Percentage theories may not be applicable to all populations when designing smiles. Racial and ethnic backgrounds are important considerations to establish objective quantifiable values of anterior tooth proportions that are beneficial for esthetic restorations.
Oral Mucosa and Saliva Alterations Related to Vape
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Fernandes do Carmo , Faria Natália de Carvalho , Foiani Letícia , Nepomuceno Gabrielle Luana Jimenez Teodoro , Cavalcanti Desirée Rosa , Alves Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira , Martinho Herculano da Silva , Pérez‐Sayáns Mário , Almeida Janete Dias
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e‐cigarette, pod, and vape) are currently among the tobacco consumption of adolescents and young adults. The aim is to show oral mucosa and saliva alterations related to vape.

Material and Methods

A vape‐user patient, presenting a white plaque in the posterior region of the hard palate, underwent clinical examination, sialometry, pH evaluation, and excisional biopsy of the white lesion. Molecular changes in saliva and vape liquid were analyzed by vibrational spectroscopy.

Results

The histopathological analyses showed hyperparakeratosis without dysplasia. Formaldehyde, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbon species were identified in e‐cig liquid by the FTIR.

Conclusions

The use of vape may be related to the development of hyperkeratotic lesions in the oral mucosa as well as significantly modify the patient's salivary patterns as the vape liquid presents carcinogenic and cytotoxic components in its composition.
4R Nutrient Management for Magnesium
Authors: Bruulsema Tom , Nigon Leanna , Mikkelsen Rob
Published: July 2024

The principles of 4R nutrient stewardship apply to every plant nutrient. Magnesium (Mg), traditionally considered a secondary macronutrient, is often overlooked. This article reviews the options available for managing magnesium and the benefits you might expect. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Improving Estimates for Barley Residue Biomass, Nutrients, and Economic Value
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Adams Curtis B. , Tarkalson David D. , Marshall Juliet M. , Hatzenbuehler Patrick , Thurgood Garrett , Dari Biswanath , Loomis Grant
Published: July 2024

Global market demands for barley are less than cereals such as corn, rice, and wheat, but barley plays a particularly important role in cropping systems in areas of high elevation and/or latitude with short growing seasons. Estimation of residue nutrient uptake requires both a knowledge of the biomass produced, as well as the concentration of individual nutrients. These factors were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 from trials of four barley classes at five locations in southern Idaho. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Acute Stress Affects the Relaxin/Insulin‐Like Family Peptide Receptor 3 mRNA Expression in Brain of Pubertal Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Gołyszny Miłosz , Zieliński Michał , Obuchowicz Ewa
Published: July 2024

The current literature suggests that relaxin‐3/relaxin/insulin‐like family peptide receptor 3 (RLN‐3/RXFP‐3) system is involved in the pathophysiology of affective disorders because the results of anatomical and pharmacological studies have shown that the RLN‐3 signaling pathway plays a role in modulating the stress response, anxiety, arousal, depression‐like behavior, and neuroendocrine homeostasis. The risk of developing mental illnesses in adulthood is increased by exposure to stress in early periods of life. The available data indicate that puberty is especially characterized by the development of the neural system and emotionality and is a “stress‐sensitive” period. The presented study assessed the short‐term changes in the expression of RLN‐3 and RXFP‐3 mRNA in the stress‐dependent brain regions in male pubertal Wistar rats that had been subjected to acute stress. Three stressors were applied from 42 to 44 postnatal days (first day: a single forced swim; second day: stress on an elevated platform that was repeated three times; third day: restraint stress three times). Anxiety (open field, elevated plus maze test) and anhedonic‐like behavior (sucrose preference test) were estimated during these tests. The corticosterone (CORT) levels and blood morphology were estimated. We found that the RXFP‐3 mRNA expression decreased in the brainstem, whereas it increased in the hypothalamus 72 h after acute stress. These molecular changes were accompanied by the increased levels of CORT and anxiety‐like behavior detected in the open field test that had been conducted earlier, that is, 24 h after the stress procedure. These findings shed new light on the neurochemical changes that are involved in the compensatory response to adverse events in pubertal male rats and support other data that suggest a regulatory interplay between the RLN‐3 pathway and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in the mechanisms of anxiety‐like behavior.
Tailoring Electrode–Electrolyte Interface Using an Electron‐Deficient Borate‐Based Additive in MgTFSI2‐MgCl2/DME Electrolyte for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Fan Haiyan , Zhang Xinxin , Xiao Jianhua , Chen Wenjie , Lin Qiyuan , Ng Zi Shyun , Lin Yitao , Su Yi , Pan Ludi , Su Yipeng , Ren Shuaiyang , Liu Haowen , Li Xuanzhang , Zhang Yuegang
Published: July 2024

Rechargeable magnesium metal batteries need an electrolyte that forms a stable and ionically conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anodes. Here, we used molecular dynamic simulation, density functional theory calculation, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to investigate the solvation structures and SEI compositions in electrolytes consisting of dual‐salts, magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MgTFSI2), and MgCl2, with different additives in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent. We found that the formed [Mg3(μ‐Cl)4(DME)mTFSI2] (m = 3, 5) inner‐shell solvation clusters in MgTFSI2‐MgCl2/DME electrolyte could easily decompose and form a MgO‐ and MgF2‐rich SEI. Such electron‐rich inorganic species in the SEI, especially MgF2, turned out to be detrimental for Mg plating/stripping. To reduce the MgF2 and MgO contents in SEI, we introduce an electron‐deficient tri(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) borate (TFEB) additive in the electrolyte. Mg//Mg cells using the MgTFSI2‐MgCl2/DME‐TFEB electrolyte could cycle stably for over 400 h with a small polarization voltage of ~150 mV. Even with the presence of 800 ppm H2O, the electrolyte with TFEB additive could still preserve its good electrochemical performance. The optimized electrolyte also enabled stable cycling and high‐rate capability for Mg//Mo6S8 and Mg//CuS full cells, showing great potential for future applications.
Effects of baroreflex activation therapy on cardiac function and morphology
Authors: Schäfer Ann‐Kathrin C. , Wallbach Manuel , Schroer Charlotte , Lehnig Luca‐Yves , Lüders Stephan , Hasenfuß Gerhard , Wachter Rolf , Koziolek Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Arterial hypertension (aHTN) plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The risk of heart failure increases with therapy‐resistant arterial hypertension (trHTN), defined as inadequate blood pressure (BP) control ≥140/90 mmHg despite taking ≥3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic. This study investigates the effects of the BP lowering baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) on cardiac function and morphology in patients with trHTN with and without HFpEF.

Methods

Sixty‐four consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with trHTN and received BAT implantation between 2012 and 2016 were prospectively observed. Office BP, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data were collected before and after BAT implantation.

Results

Mean patients' age was 59.1 years, 46.9% were male, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.2 kg/m2. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 38.8%, atrial fibrillation was 12.2%, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage ≥3 was 40.8%. Twenty‐eight patients had trHTN with HFpEF, and 21 patients had trHTN without HFpEF. Patients with HFpEF were significantly older (64.7 vs. 51.6 years, P < 0.0001), had a lower BMI (30.0 vs. 37.2 kg/m2, P < 0.0001), and suffered more often from CKD‐stage ≥3 (64 vs. 20%, P = 0.0032). After BAT implantation, mean office BP dropped in patients with and without HFpEF (from 169 ± 5/86 ± 4 to 143 ± 4/77 ± 3 mmHg [P = 0.0019 for systolic BP and 0.0403 for diastolic BP] and from 170 ± 5/95 ± 4 to 149 ± 6/88 ± 5 mmHg [P = 0.0019 for systolic BP and 0.0763 for diastolic BP]), while a significant reduction of the intake of calcium‐antagonists, α2‐agonists and direct vasodilators, as well as a decrease in average dosage of ACE‐inhibitors and α2‐agonists could be seen. Within the study population, a decrease in heart rate from 74 ± 2 to 67 ± 2 min−1 (P = 0.0062) and lengthening of QRS‐time from 96 ± 3 to 106 ± 4 ms (P = 0.0027) and QTc‐duration from 422 ± 5 to 432 ± 5 ms (P = 0.0184) were detectable. The PQ duration was virtually unchanged. In patients without HF, no significant changes of echocardiographic parameters could be seen. In patients with HFpEF, posterior wall diameter decreased significantly from 14.0 ± 0.5 to 12.7 ± 0.3 mm (P = 0.0125), left ventricular mass (LVM) declined from 278.1 ± 15.8 to 243.9 ± 13.4 g (P = 0.0203), and e′ lateral increased from 8.2 ± 0.4 to 9.0 ± 0.4 cm/s (P = 0.0471).

Conclusions

BAT reduced systolic and diastolic BP and was associated with morphological and functional improvement of HFpEF.
Heart failure in patients with congenital heart disease after a cancer diagnosis
Authors: Karazisi Christina , Dellborg Mikael , Mellgren Karin , Giang Kok Wai , Skoglund Kristofer , Eriksson Peter , Mandalenakis Zacharias
Published: July 2024

Aims

Individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at an increased risk for cancer. As cancer survival rates improve, the prevalence of late side effects, such as heart failure (HF), is becoming more evident. This study aims to evaluate the risk of developing HF following a cancer diagnosis in patients with CHD, compared with those without CHD and with CHD patients who do not have cancer.

Methods

CHD patients (n = 69 799) and randomly selected non‐CHD controls (n = 650 406), born in Sweden between 1952 and 2017, were identified from the Swedish National Health Registers and Total Population Register (excluding those with syndromes and transplant recipients). CHD patients who developed cancer (n = 1309) were propensity score‐matched with non‐CHD patients who developed cancer (n = 9425), resulting in a cohort of 1232 CHD patients with cancer and 2602 non‐CHD controls with cancer (after exclusion of individuals with HF prior to cancer diagnosis). In a separate analysis, CHD patients with cancer were propensity score‐matched with CHD patients without cancer (n = 68 490). A total of 1233 CHD patients with cancer and 2257 CHD patients without cancer were included in the study.

Results

Among CHD patients with cancer, 73 (5.9%) developed HF during a mean follow‐up time of 8.5 ± 8.7. Comparatively, in the propensity‐matched control population, 29 (1.1%) non‐CHD cancer patients (mean follow‐up time of 7.3 ± 7.5) and 101 (4.5%) CHD patients without cancer (mean follow‐up time of 9.9 ± 9.2) developed HF. CHD patients exhibited a significantly higher risk of HF post‐cancer diagnosis compared with the non‐CHD control group [hazard ratio (HR) 4.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.83–6.81], after adjusting for age at cancer diagnosis and comorbidities. In the analysis between CHD patients with cancer and those without cancer, the results indicated a significantly higher risk of developing HF in CHD patients with cancer (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.13–2.07).

Conclusions

CHD patients face a more than four‐fold increased risk of developing HF after a cancer diagnosis compared with cancer patients without CHD. Among CHD patients, the risk of HF is only modestly higher for those with cancer than for those without cancer. This suggests that the increased HF risk in CHD patients with cancer, relative to non‐CHD cancer patients, may be more attributable to CHD itself than to cancer treatment‐related side effects.
Primary care seeking among adults with chronic neck and low back pain in Norway: A prospective study from the HUNT study linked to Norwegian primary healthcare registry
Authors: Chen Qiuzhe , Berg Bjørnar , Grotle Margreth , Maher Chris G. , Storheim Kjersti , Machado Gustavo C.
Published: July 2024

Background

To describe the frequency of primary care seeking for neck or back‐related conditions among people with chronic neck and low back pain and to develop prediction models of primary care seeking and frequent visits.

Methods

We included participants of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017–19) in Norway who self‐reported chronic neck and/or low back pain in the preceding year, and extracted data of primary care visits from the Norwegian primary healthcare registry. We investigated a total of 23 potential predictors and used multivariable logistic regression models to predict primary care seeking for neck or back‐related conditions and frequent visits by healthcare provider (i.e., the highest quartile of number of visits).

Results

Among the 15,352 HUNT4 participants with chronic neck and/or low back pain, 6231 participants (40.6%) sought primary care for neck or back‐related conditions (median = 5 visits, IQR 2–15) within 2 years after the study. Participants who consulted physical therapists sought care the most frequently (median = 10 visits, IQR 3–26). Discrimination of the best‐fit prediction model of primary care seeking and frequent visits by healthcare provider, assessed by C‐statistic, ranged from 0.66–0.76. Participants who made frequent primary care visits in the preceding year were highly likely to continue frequent care seeking in the following 2 years.

Conclusions

Around 40% of people seek primary care for chronic neck and low back pain, and frequent care seeking may continue for years. Future studies should investigate strategies to reduce recurrent primary care visits, especially seeking physical therapist care, and promote self‐management of chronic pain.

Significance

People with chronic neck and low back pain who seek physical therapist care had the highest frequency of care seeking, underscoring the significant burden on healthcare systems. The high frequency of visits and associated healthcare expenditures highlight the critical need for effective and valuable primary care for chronic pain management. To mitigate recurrent visits and reduce costs, it is essential to provide patients with evidence‐based treatments and self‐management interventions.
Neuronal current imaging of epileptic activity: An MRI study in patients with a first unprovoked epileptic seizure
Authors: Jin Baudouin Zongxin , Capiglioni Milena , Federspiel Andrea , Ahmadli Uzeyir , Schindler Kaspar , Kiefer Claus , Wiest Roland
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the performance of the novel MRI sequence stimulus‐induced rotary saturation (SIRS) to map responses to interictal epileptic activity in the human cortex. Spin‐lock pulses have been applied to indirectly detect neuronal activity through magnetic field perturbations. Following initial reports about the feasibility of the method in humans and animals with epilepsy, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of spin‐lock MR pulses in comparison with scalp‐EEG in first seizure patients.

Methods

We employed a novel method for measurements of neuronal activity through the detection of a resonant oscillating field, stimulus‐induced rotary saturation contrast (SIRS) at spin‐lock frequencies of 120 and 240 Hz acquired at a single 3T MRI system. Within a prospective observational study, we conducted SIRS experiments in 55 patients within 7 days after a suspected first unprovoked epileptic seizure and 61 healthy control subjects. In this study, we report on the analysis of data from a single 3T MRI system, encompassing 35 first seizure patients and 31 controls.

Results

The SIRS method was applicable in all patients and healthy controls at frequencies of 120 and 240 Hz. We did not observe any significant age‐ or sex‐related differences. Specificity of SIRS at 120 Hz was 90.3% and 93.5% at 240 Hz. Sensitivity was 17.1% at 120 Hz and 40.0% at 240 Hz.

Significance

SIRS targets neuronal oscillating magnetic fields in patients with epilepsy. The coupling of presaturated spins to epilepsy‐related magnetic field perturbations may serve as a—at this stage experimental—diagnostic test in first seizure patients to complement EEG findings as a standard screening test.

Plain Language Summary

Routine diagnostic tests carry several limitations when applied after a suspected first seizure. SIRS is a noninvasive MRI method to enable time‐sensitive diagnosis of image correlates of epileptic activity with increased sensitivity compared to routine EEG.
HRF‐ExGB: Hybrid random forest‐extreme gradient boosting for mobile edge computing
Authors: Anuradha Muthukrishnan , Jean Justus John , Vijayalakshmi Kaliyaperumal , Periasamy JK
Published: July 2024

The development of increasingly cutting‐edge mobile apps like augmented reality, facial recognition, and natural language processing has been facilitated by the sharp rise in smartphone demand. The increased use of mobile devices like wireless sensors and wearable technology has led to a rapid increase in mobile applications. Due to the explosive growth of the Internet and distributed computing resources of edge devices in mobile edge computing (MEC), it is necessary to have a suitable controller to ensure effective utilization of distributed computing resources. However, the existing approaches can lead to more computation time, more consumption of energy, and a lack of security issues. To overcome these issues, this paper proposed a novel approach called Hybrid Random Forest‐Extreme Gradient Boosting (HRF‐XGBoost) to enhance the computation offloading and joint resource allocation predictions. In a wireless‐powered multiuser MEC system, the starling murmuration optimization model is utilized to figure out the ideal task offloading options. XGBoost is combined with a random forest classifier to form an HRF‐XGBoost architecture which is used to speed up the process while preserving the user's device's battery. An offloading method is created employing certain processes once the best computation offloading decision for Mobile Users (MUs) has been established. The experiment result shows that the method reduced system overhead and time complexity using the strategy of selecting fewer tasks alone by optimally eliminating other tasks. It optimizes the execution time even when the mobile user increases. The performance of the overall system can be greatly improved by our model compared to other existing techniques.
Optimal gamma‐band entrainment of visual cortex
Authors: Petro Nathan M. , Webert Lauren K. , Springer Seth D. , Okelberry Hannah J. , John Jason A. , Horne Lucy K. , Glesinger Ryan , Rempe Maggie P. , Wilson Tony W.
Published: July 2024

Visual entrainment is a powerful and widely used research tool to study visual information processing in the brain. While many entrainment studies have focused on frequencies around 14–16 Hz, there is renewed interest in understanding visual entrainment at higher frequencies (e.g., gamma‐band entrainment). Notably, recent groundbreaking studies have demonstrated that gamma‐band visual entrainment at 40 Hz may have therapeutic effects in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by stimulating specific neural ensembles, which utilize GABAergic signaling. Despite such promising findings, few studies have investigated the optimal parameters for gamma‐band visual entrainment. Herein, we examined whether visual stimulation at 32, 40, or 48 Hz produces optimal visual entrainment responses using high‐density magnetoencephalography (MEG). Our results indicated strong entrainment responses localizing to the primary visual cortex in each condition. Entrainment responses were stronger for 32 and 40 Hz relative to 48 Hz, indicating more robust synchronization of neural ensembles at these lower gamma‐band frequencies. In addition, 32 and 40 Hz entrainment responses showed typical patterns of habituation across trials, but this effect was absent for 48 Hz. Finally, connectivity between visual cortex and parietal and prefrontal cortices tended to be strongest for 40 relative to 32 and 48 Hz entrainment. These results suggest that neural ensembles in the visual cortex may resonate at around 32 and 40 Hz and thus entrain more readily to photic stimulation at these frequencies. Emerging AD therapies, which have focused on 40 Hz entrainment to date, may be more effective at lower relative to higher gamma frequencies, although additional work in clinical populations is needed to confirm these findings.

Practitioner Points

Gamma‐band visual entrainment has emerged as a therapeutic approach for eliminating amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, but its optimal parameters are unknown.

We found stronger entrainment at 32 and 40 Hz compared to 48 Hz, suggesting neural ensembles prefer to resonate around these relatively lower gamma‐band frequencies.

These findings may inform the development and refinement of innovative AD therapies and the study of GABAergic visual cortical functions.
Patient characteristics associated with delayed time to adjuvant chemotherapy among women treated for stage I–IIIA breast cancer
Authors: Bhimani Jenna , O'Connell Kelli , Persaud Sonia , Blinder Victoria , Burganowski Rachael , Ergas Isaac J. , Foley Marilyn J. , Gallagher Grace B. , Griggs Jennifer J. , Heon Narre , Kolevska Tatjana , Kotsurovskyy Yuriy , Kroenke Candyce H. , Laurent Cecile A. , Liu Raymond , Nakata Kanichi G. , Rivera Donna R. , Roh Janise M. , Tabatabai Sara , Valice Emily , Bandera Elisa V. , Bowles Erin J. Aiello , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kantor Elizabeth D.
Published: July 2024

For patients with breast cancer, delays in chemotherapy initiation have been adversely associated with recurrence and survival. We evaluated patient‐level factors associated with delayed chemotherapy initiation, from both diagnosis and surgery, in a community‐based cohort of women with early‐stage breast cancer. For the Optimal Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Dosing study, we identified a cohort of 34,109 women diagnosed with stage I–IIIA breast cancer at two U.S. integrated healthcare delivery systems between 2004 and 2019. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify patient factors associated with delays in chemotherapy initiation after diagnosis (≥90 days) and surgery (≥60 days). Among 10,968 women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, 21.1% experienced delays in chemotherapy initiation after diagnosis and 21.3% after surgery. Older age, non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic race and ethnicity, and ER+ and/or PR+ disease were associated with increased likelihood of delays to chemotherapy initiation after diagnosis and surgery. People diagnosed in 2012–2019 (vs. 2005–2011), with a higher grade and larger tumor size were less likely to experience delays. Other factors were associated with a higher likelihood of delays specifically from diagnosis (earlier stage, mastectomy vs. breast‐conserving surgery), or surgery (higher comorbidity, increased nodal number). Women diagnosed with breast cancer who were at highest risk of progression and recurrence were less likely to experience delays in chemotherapy initiation after diagnosis and surgery. Understanding reasons for chemotherapy delays beyond patient factors may be potentially important to reduce risk of breast cancer recurrence and progression.
Utilizing adeno‐associated virus as a vector in treating genetic disorders or human cancers
Authors: Shih Fu‐Hsuan , Chang Hsiung‐Hao , Wang Yi‐Ching
Published: July 2024

Clinical data from over two decades, involving more than 3000 treated patients, demonstrate that adeno‐associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is a safe, effective, and well‐tolerated therapeutic method. Clinical trials using AAV‐mediated gene delivery to accessible tissues have led to successful treatments for numerous monogenic disorders and advancements in tissue engineering. Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved AAV for clinical use, systemic administration remains a significant challenge. In this review, we delve into AAV biology, focusing on current manufacturing technologies and transgene engineering strategies. We examine the use of AAVs in ongoing clinical trials for ocular, neurological, and hematological disorders, as well as cancers. By discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field, we aim to provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians navigating the evolving landscape of AAV‐based gene therapy.
Comparative study of the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/MN4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) for water splitting reaction: A theoretical study
Authors: V. N Dhilshada. , Sen Sabyasachi , Chattopadhyaya Mausumi
Published: July 2024

In this study, nanocomposites of g‐C3N4/MN4 (where M is Mn, Fe and Co) have been designed using advanced density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the geometry, electronic, optical properties, work function, charge transfer interaction and adhesion energy of the g‐C3N4/MN4 heterostructures and concluded that g‐C3N4/FeN4 and g‐C3N4/CoN4 heterojunctions exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than individual units. The better photocatalytic activity can be attributed mainly by two facts; (i) the visible light absorption of both g‐C3N4/FeN4 and g‐C3N4/CoN4 interfaces are higher compared to its isolated analogs and (ii) a significant enhancement of band gap energy in g‐C3N4/FeN4 and g‐C3N4/CoN4 heterostructures limited the electron–hole recombination significantly. The potential of the g‐C3N4/MN4 heterojunctions as a photocatalyst for the water splitting reaction was assessed by examining its band alignment for water splitting reaction. Importantly, while the electronic and magnetic properties of MN4 systems were studied, this is the first example of inclusion of MN4 on graphene‐based material (g‐C3N4) for studying the photocatalytic activity. The state of the art DFT calculations emphasis that g‐C3N4/FeN4 and g‐C3N4/CoN4 heterojunctions are half metallic photocatalysts, which is limited till date.