bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Team coaching in the workplace: Critical success factors for implementation
Authors: Maseko Badelisile M. , Van Wyk Rene , Odendaal Aletta
Published: May 2019

Orientation: There is a scant availability of clear practice guidelines for the implementation of team coaching in organisations. Challenges and enabling factors in the implementation of team coaching require further exploration.Research purpose: This study aims to develop a conceptual framework that identifies the critical success factors that play a role in the implementation of team coaching in organisations.Motivation for the study: This study contributes towards the understanding of team coaching implementation in the workplace. Informed knowledge of critical factors may guide the practice of team coaching and assist in the development of a conceptual framework for such coaching.Research approach/design and method: A constructivist qualitative research method was adopted. A case study approach was used, with seven experienced subject matter experts selected by means of purposive snowballing. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis.Main findings: Results of the thematic analysis indicate that to integrate successful team coaching into any organisation, effective analysis of an organisational context is required, that is, leadership stakeholders, team effectiveness, competency of a coach and employee engagement. Constraints that may prevent successful implementation of team coaching are identified.Practical/managerial implications: The findings provide a platform to enhance the understanding and knowledge of the complexities of team coaching within organisations.Contribution/value-add: The main contribution of the study is the identification of critical factors in the pre-, during and post-implementation phases of team coaching. This conceptual framework could serve as a guide for team coaching interventions in South African contexts.
The macroeconomic effects of migrants' remittances in Moldova: a stock–flow consistent model*
Authors: Le Heron Edwin , Yol Nicolas
Published: May 2019

Migrants' remittances are an essential source of income in many developing countries. In this article, we build a post-Keynesian stock–flow consistent model adapted to Moldova, one of the top recipients of remittances. In addition to increasing household consumption, migrants' transfers have strong effects on economic growth in Moldova. However, remittances are very sensitive to the economic conditions in migrants' destination countries, especially since the 2008 global financial crisis. After including remittances in consumption behavior and lenders' risk, we run simulations to show how shocks in migrants' destination countries (that is, Europe and Russia) impact the Moldovan economy through fluctuations in remittances. First, the increasing instability of remittances explains a significant portion of the economic volatility experienced by Moldova. Second, the high level of imports implies a weak multiplier effect of remittances, leading to an unsustainable pattern of growth.
Crises and capital controls in small open economies: a stock–flow consistent approach*
Authors: Raza Hamid , Gudmundsson Bjorn Runar , Zoega Gylfi , Byrialsen Mikael Randrup
Published: May 2019

This paper attempts to explain the role of capital inflows in creating economic booms and busts in a small open economy with sovereign currency. We develop a stock–flow consistent (SFC) model for a small open economy while relying on the experience of the Icelandic crisis. We demonstrate the destabilising effects of capital inflows on the economy by allowing for a sudden stop, and also discuss the role of capital controls as a policy response in the event of a crisis due to sudden stops. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our results in order to tackle the destabilising effects associated with financial flows in a small economy.
Jesus as Mirrored in John
Authors: Charlesworth James H.
Published: May 2019

In this volume James H. Charlesworth analyzes how John is a vital resource in understanding both the origin of Christianity and Jesus' position in history. Charlesworth begins from a burgeoning point of scholarly consensus – that more and more scholars are coming to recognize that John's gospel is much more historically complex and valuable than previously thought (even if this is itself complex and contested).

Charlesworth outlines the two historical horizons within John: on the one hand the Jewish background to the text (complete with extensive evidence of the evangelist's knowledge of Palestinian geography and Jewish customs) which Charlesworth sees as offering a window on pre-70 Palestinian Judaism; on the other hand a world post-70 in which non-believing Jews, with more unity, begin to part definitively with those who identified Jesus as the messiah. Charlesworth’s work is split into four areas. The first examines the origins of the gospel, its evolution in several editions, and its setting in Judea and Galilee. The second looks specifically at the figure of Jesus and issues of history. The third considers the gospel alongside contemporaneous Jewish literature, most notably the Dead Sea Scrolls. The final section engages with John’s symbolism and language, looking closely at key aspects in which John differs from the synoptic gospels, and also raising such provocative questions as whether or not it is possible that Jesus married Mary Magdalene.
Determinants of the Capital Adequacy of U.S Financial Institutions
Authors: Charitou Melita
Published: May 2019

In this study we examine the determinants of the capital adequacy ratios of the US financial institutions over the period 2012-2017. Using a dataset of 2135 bank-year observations,  results show that financial institutions with high operating expenses as a percentage of revenues have lower capital adequacy ratios. This is an indication that bank inefficiencies are an impediment to robust capital adequacy ratios. Moreover, results show that more profitable banks have higher CARs. Evidence shows that additional two risk related variables affect positively CARs, namely, earnings coverage of net charge off and loss allowance to loans. These results should be of great importance to bank executives, bank regulators and to major stakeholders such as investors and financial analysts, especially after the latest global financial crisis and the collapse of giant US financial institutions.
A Study on WeChat-Based Collaborative Learning in College English Writing
Authors: Yan Liping
Published: May 2019

With the rapid development of mobile information technology and social media networks, it is feasible for college English teachers to get access to social networks such as QQ, Email and MSN as a way of practicing English writing beyond classroom. Similarly, it is also possible for teachers to utilize WeChat Platform where online communities for students and teachers can be established to combine collaborative and mobile learning together as a complementary way of classroom writing teaching. WeChat Platform, as the most popular software in China, owns the advantages of transmitting instant message, videos and pictures, which supplies students more chances to collaborate and interact with each other/one another at different stages of writing tasks. This research explores the application collaborative learning of college English writing on WeChat Platform. Based on the one-semester research as well as the questionnaire of the pre-test and post-test, it is revealed that, although there are still a few challenges for students and teachers to face, this mode of college English writing contributes to cultivating the students’ team spirit, enhancing their initiative, improving their writing efficiency and developing their critical thinking by engaging in student-student and student-teacher collaboration and interaction, information sharing, communicating and socializing with classmates.
ANALYSIS OF INFORMATIVE AND PERSUASIVE CONTENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY BROCHURES IN LIBYA
Authors: Alssageer Mustafa Ali
Published: May 2019

Objective: To examine the patterns of promoted drugs, the quality of information provided, the references cited, and the persuasive techniques used in pharmaceutical brochures in Libya.Method: Cross-sectional analysis of pharmaceutical brochures collected between August and November 2010 from doctors’ offices in three cities: Tripoli, Benghazi and Sebha.Result: From 300 collected brochures, we took190 promotional materials for 132 promoted products. Antibiotics (n=52; 27%) made up the largest proportion. Cardiovascular products (n=39; 20.5%) came next, with antihypertensive agents (n=23) approximately six-tenths (58.9%) and statins (n=9) nearly a quarter (23%) of that class. Twenty seven products (14.2%) were gastrointestinal tract agents (GITs) and 10 of the GITs were proton pump inhibiters (PPIs). Over 90% of brochures provided the generic name, indications, dosage regimen and brief pharmacological effects of the drugs they advertised. However, information on contraindications, precautions, pregnancy and lactation, and adverse effects appeared in only 70.5% of advertisements. Drug Overdose information appeared in only 33% of brochures, and out of the 134 (70%) of brochures that cited references, only 28 (20.8%) of these brochures cited their references appropriately. Only four of the advertisements displayed the generic name as prominently as the brand name and most (n=136; 71.5%) used only the trade name in the prescribing information section. Graphical presentations, emotional texts and pictorial content appeared in 60%, 88.9%, and 96.3%of brochures respectively.Conclusion: Almost all brochures did not adhere to WHO ethical criteria for drug promotion and mostly relied on persuasive techniques .
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE OLD AND CONTINUOUS CHALLENGE TO DRUG THERAPY AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Elzagallaai Abdelbaset A
Published: May 2019

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major health problem worldwide and constitute a big challengeto drug therapy and the drug development process. ADRs are responsible for 3% of total hospital admissions and occur in 10 to 20% of hospitalized patients. It has been estimated that ADRs account for at least 100,000 deaths annually in the United States alone ranking them as the fifth leading cause of death. According to the World Health Organization definition an ADR is a noxious and unintended response to a drug that occurs at a dose normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy. This commonly used definition, however, excludes other drug therapy consequences such as drug abuse, accidental and inadvertent drug overdose and therapeutic failure. ADRs are classified into two main groups: Type A, which are predictable from the drugs’ normal pharmacological actions and are dose dependent and Type B, which are unpredictable, unrelated to the drugs’ pharmacology and do not have clear dose dependency. This is an overview of the currently used definitions and classifications of ADRs in clinical pharmacology and toxicology. Specific relevant examples are cited and some important points are discussed in the light of current knowledge. A special emphasis is made on the importance of ADRs in clinical drug therapy and drug development, which are the areas where ADRs play the most significant role.
Islamitische scholen dragen bij aan integratie
Authors: Beemsterboer Marietje
Published: May 2019

Islamic schools contribute to integration

Unlike the common expectations, Islamic primary schools can contribute to the integration of Muslims in the Dutch society. This article is a reflection of Dr Beemsterboer’s doctoral research and asks what this conclusion can say about other religion based primary schools.
De kerk als werkgever
Authors: Zondag Wijnand
Published: May 2019

The tensionful relationship between churchlaw and labour law in the Netherlands

As a special employer, the church has an interest in shaping its own personnel policy in order to achieve the mission and objective. In part, the legislator has met this need. After all, various laws in the field of appointment, terms of employment and dismissal take account of the specific interests of the church as described before. The external border consists of fundamental human rights that are included in the ECHR and the European Directive on equal treatment. It is not always clear where the external border is exactly. The Dutch legislation regarding the battle of ‘church law’ and fundamental rights is not consistent. Moreover, there we notice a tension between national law and the European directive.
Volumetric pulp chambers measurements in mandibular and maxillary permanent first molar using cone-beam computed tomography by age and gender
Authors: Açıklar Kavas Anıl , Tümen Emin Caner
Published: May 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical structure of pulp chamber, measure the volume of the total pulp chambers in mm3 and evaluate the pulp chamber volume changes by age and gender statistically in mandibular and maxillary first molars by means of CBCT.

Methodology: In our study, CBCT examinations of patients between the ages of 7-18 years, which were carried out due to different reasons were evaluated retrospectively. The CBCT images of healthy total of 160 lower and upper right permanent first molar teeth were selected randomly and the volumes of the total pulp chamber were measured in mm3 with the 3D Slicer software program. We analyzed the collected data with statistical analysis methods and we evaluated whether there was any difference between the patients grouped according to the age in respect of volume changes in the total pulp chamber and whether there was any difference between the mean volume values and gender of the patients within the same group.

Results: Comparison of the volume measurements of the lower and upper first permanent molar teeth between the groups showed that the volume values of the total pulp chamber decreased depending on the age (p<0.05). Regarding gender, volume decrease related to age was statistically more significant among females. We determined in all age groups except age 7-9 group that the volume value of the total pulp chamber of the upper permanent first molar teeth was statistically higher than the volume value of the total pulp chamber of the lower permanent first molar teeth (p<0,05).

Conclusion: We believe that CBCT is an easy and conservative method for the 3D-imaging of the pulp chamber, volume measurement and examination of the dimensional changes of the total pulp chamber depending on deposition of secondary dentin.

 

How to cite this article: Açıklar Kavas A, Tümen EC. Volumetric pulp chambers measurements in mandibular and maxillary permanent first molar using cone-beam computed tomography by age and gender. Int Dent Res 2019;9(1):30-40.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Becoming the Song of Christ
Authors: Fogleman Alex ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

While the connections between exegesis, music, and moral formation are well known, what Augustine’s use of particular metaphors reveals about his theology that more literal renderings do not is less clear. This article explores how Augustine’s use of musical metaphors in Enarratio in Pslamum 32(2) illuminate his understanding of the relationship between grace and human virtue. After first offering a doctrinal description of the rightly ordered will and its Christological foundation, Augustine proceeds to narrate the Christian life as one of various stages of learning to sing the “new song” of Christ. He interprets references to the lyre and psaltery as figures of earthly and heavenly life, and then exegetes the psalm’s language of jubilation as laudatory praise of the ineffable God. The chief contribution of the musical metaphors here are twofold. First, they enable Augustine to display the mysterious process of the will transformed over time. Second, the musical figures help Augustine account for how a human will, encompassed in time, can align with the will of an eternal God whose will is ultimately inexpressible. Augustine’s musical exegesis is able to gesture towards the profound mystery of human life in time and its relation to an eternally un-timed God.
Blameless Participation in Structural Injustice
Authors: Atenasio David ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: May 2019

According to Iris Marion Young, a structural injustice occurs when members participating in one or more scheme(s) of social coordination act blamelessly, but the schemes, in combination with norms and background conditions, systematically prevent some from developing their capacities and fulfilling their rights. Because participants are mostly blameless, Young argues that traditional individualist theories of responsibility inadequately address structural injustices. Young instead proposes a social connection theory of responsibility, whereby participants in a structural injustice acquire forward-looking responsibilities to remediate the injustice by organizing, voting, protesting and pressuring institutions. In this paper, I argue that Young’s theory of structural injustice conflates several different moral failings, and that when we correctly disambiguate structural injustices, we can successfully address them with traditional individualist theories of responsibility, both forward-looking and backward-looking.
Aspectos técnicos da perícia contábil perante o Novo Código do Processo Civil
Authors: Sousa Júnior Alvani Bomfim de , Espirito Santo Mario Lúcio do , Araújo Dênio Menezes de
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo central, debater de maneira conceitual sobre os principais aspectos técnicos da perícia contábil perante o disposto no Código de Processo Civil (CPC). Prioritariamente, privilegiou-se o referencial teórico que abordasse sobre o tema tratado, com o objetivo de construir o conhecimento necessário para as oportunidades que se apresentam ao profissional que atua (ou ainda irá atuar) nessa área, desde que desenvolvam as habilidades e competências indispensáveis para oportunizar as condições de empregabilidade, entendendo-se este termo como um fator que proporciona maior possibilidade de ingresso e manutenção de mercado de trabalho. A Perícia Contábil constitui em ferramenta utilizada para obter informações técnicas adicionais ou melhor qualidade, com a essencial características da imparcialidade, sobre questões de natureza contábil. Assim, com base no profissionalismo, a atuação do perito contador é de extrema importância, bem como suas condutas éticas, integridade e honestidade durante o processo de avaliação, são essenciais para cumprir a função de sua atuação profissional e auxiliar o juiz no conhecimento da verdade, cumprindo então os ditames do Novo Código do Processo Civil (CPC). Observa-se que o perito nesse campo exerce o papel social ético; sem sua participação não é possível orientar condutas empresariais e sociais corretas e nem amparar os direitos e deveres dos diferentes setores da sociedade (DINIZ, 2007). A justificativa para a escolha do tema paira sobre sua contemporaneidade, além da expectativa de contribuir para o âmbito acadêmico. O método de pesquisa empreendido segue natureza qualitativa, com pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica. De modo que foi possível concluir que, valendo-se de seus conhecimentos técnicos e especialidades nas ciências contábeis, o perito contador é nomeado a fim de avaliar questões patrimoniais de processos legais, a fim de oferecer ao magistrado o suporte necessário para sua tomada de decisão e sentença.
Feasibility and acceptability of remote real-time ultrasound supervision
Authors: Jensen Stig Holm , Duvald Iben , Aagaard Rasmus , Primdahl Stine Catharina , Petersen Poul , Kirkegaard Hans , Weile Jesper
Published: May 2019

Background: Minor emergency departments (ED) struggle to access sufficient expertise to supervise learners of lung and cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Using tele-ultrasound (tele-US) for remote supervision may remedy this situation. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of real-time supervision via tele-US when applied to an everyday ED clinic.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study that assessed practical feasibility, determined performance, and explored users’ acceptability of supervision via tele-US. A tele-US setup was established and temporarily implemented in the emergency department of the Regional Hospital West Jutland in the Central Denmark Region. We intended to expose 10 junior doctors to five tele-supervised lung and cardiac POCUS examinations. Qualitatively, exposed doctors’ and supervisors’ acceptability were unfolded by exploratory semi-structured interviews addressing their impression, satisfaction and perceived benefits. Technical performance was assessed quantitatively by the ratio in mean grey value (MGV) between images on site and as received by the supervisor, and by after-compression frame rate; MGV and frame rate were measured on five different days with alternating on-site laptops, software and internet connection.

Results: Remote supervision via tele-US was performed with 10 junior doctors scanning 45 included patients. Qualitatively, 12 exploratory semi-structured interviews were conducted with exposed junior doctors and supervisors. Supervisors stressed the importance of preserving frame rate, and junior doctors emphasized a need for shared ultrasound terminology. Overall, setup mobility, accessibility, and time consumption were emphasized as being of key importance for future clinical implementations. During performance assessment, neither alternating internet connection nor software significantly changed the mean grey value ratio. The lowest median frame rate of 4.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.1–5.0) was found by using a 4G internet connection; the highest of 28.5 (IQR: 28.5–29.0) was found with alternative computer and local area network internet connection. 

Conclusions: Remote supervision via a commercially available and low-cost tele-US setup is operational for both junior doctors and supervisors when applied to lung and cardiac POCUS scans of hospitalized patients.
The necessity of prehospital peripheral intravenous cannulation and its relation to triage category
Authors: Betzer Martin , Lyngby Rasmus
Published: May 2019

Background: Prehospital peripheral intravenous cannulation (PPIC) is a procedure performed routinely and often precautionary despite evidence that it increases the risk of infection and phlebitis, prolongs scene time and increases mortality. The aim of this study was to identify to which extend PPIC was necessary before arrival to hospital, and to investigate whether the triage category of the patient had a role in the necessity of PPIC.

Methods: Prehospital providers from the Capital Region of Denmark were asked to collect data on all PPIC attempts in a course of two months, during summer 2018. The questions were related to the patients’ classification into one of four available triage categories and the providers’ assessment of the necessity of the PPIC for either prehospital medical treatment or the anticipation of such. Data was exported to statistical software for analysis and descriptive statistics was performed.

Results: From the available datasets (n=204) 52% (n=106) of PPIC attempts were considered necessary by the prehospital provider. In the red/immediate triage category, 37 PPIC attempts were performed, of these 70.2% (n=26) were considered necessary. In the amber/very urgent triage category, 20 PPIC attempts were performed, of these 85% (n=17) were considered necessary. In the yellow/urgent triage category, 40 PPIC attempts were performed, of these 65% (n=26) were considered necessary. In the green/non-urgent triage category, 107 PPIC attempts were performed, of these 34.6% (n=37) were considered necessary.

Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, approximately half of PPIC’s are necessary for prehospital use, and the necessity tends to correspond with an increase in triage category. However, PPIC necessity for patients in the green/non-urgent triage category should be carefully evaluated, based on a patient risk/benefit analysis.
Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism among patients in the emergency department
Authors: Nadim Giti
Published: May 2019

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an important clinical entity known to cause a wide range of symptoms. Morbidity and mortality of PE are high. However, knowledge of symptomatology is sparse.

Aim: To elucidate the clinical presentation of emergency department (ED) patients diagnosed with PE.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of adult patients attending the EDs at Odense University Hospital and Hospital of Southwest Jutland. The main symptom at presentation was

 

prospectively registered. ED and hospital discharge diagnosis was sampled from the Danish national health registry. Patients with PE were identified based on discharge diagnoses (ICD-10 code I26.0 or I26.9) from the ED or following hospitalization. 

Results: Among 24,124 contacts to the EDs, 322 (1.3%) were diagnosed with PE. The main presenting symptom was respiratory distress (31%; n=101), while 26% (n=85) had symptoms suspicious of heart disease such as dyspnea of cardiac cause, chest pain and palpitation, 8% (n=27) fainting / syncope or suspected neurological disorders, 8% (n=26) pain in the lower limb, and 6% (n=18) had fever as their main symptom.

Conclusion: PE patients have a wide variety of symptoms and most PE patients present with other symptoms than dyspnea.
Evaluation of dispatch outcomes and staffing of the Copenhagen mobile health and social care unit – Sociolancen
Authors: Østergaard Simon , Lyngby Rasmus
Published: May 2019

Background: The mobile health and social care unit – Sociolancen (MHSCU) is a specialized unit within the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) of the Capital Region of Denmark. The unit provides acute social care for homeless and social deprived groups and is staffed with a social worker and a paramedic and available through the EMS dispatch during daytime. The MHSCU is dispatched to citizens where the need for acute social care is suspected, falling outside the normal scope of practice for emergency ambulances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dispatch outcomes of the MHSCU and the constellation of paramedical and social effort.

Methods: Data on the total number of MHSCU dispatches and outcomes in 2016 and 2017 was retrieved from the dispatch system operated by EMS Copenhagen. Outcome data was grouped for descriptive statistics.

Results: During the data collection period the MHSCU was dispatched 2976 times. The outcome resulted in 384 (12.9%) citizens being brought to a somatic emergency department (ED) and 255 (8.6%) citizens being brought to a psychiatric ED. A total of 355 (11.9%) citizens were left to selfcare and 196 (6.6%) citizens were brought to a shelter. Number of citizens handed over from emergency ambulances was 41 (1.4%), number of citizens handed over to emergency ambulances was 4 (0.1%), number of citizens handed over to police was 13 (0.4%). In 1386 (46.6%) cases MHSCU were doing outreach work, citizen had left scene or MHSCU was cancelled. Number of dispatches labeled ‘unknown’ was 342 (11.5%).

Conclusions: The outcome of MHSCU dispatches indicate the need for both paramedical and social staffing when attending the homeless and social deprived citizens, as there is an approximately even distribution between health related and social related referral. Half of dispatches covers outreach work not within the normal scope of practice for emergency ambulances, enabling MHSCU to provide community service and security. Further, based on the low referral to emergency ambulances and police, the dispatch of MHSCU seems well-prioritized.

Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Paramedic Martin Betzer for assistance.
Early detection of delirium – using the CAM score
Authors: Rekvad Lise
Published: May 2019

Background: Delirium is common in elderly patients and has been identified as an independent marker for increased mortality and hospital-acquired complications, yet it is poorly recognized by health care providers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether systematic use of the validated screening tool Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) would result in a higher recognizing of delirium in patients ≥ 65 years old admitted at Odense Emergency Department (FAM).

Methods: All caregivers in the Emergency department (ED) at Odense University Hospital received 2 hours of education in delirium and how to use the CAM score. They were asked to systematically perform CAM score in all patients ≥ 65 years at arrival to the ED and at least every 8 hours.  During 2 periods of 5 days - one before the caregivers was educated (pre-CAM) and one 4 weeks after CAM scoring was started (during-CAM). A research team interviewed all ≥ 65 year old patients and their caregivers at the first and second day of admission. In relation to the interviews all patients underwent a cognitive assessment using the CAM by a trained investigator. These results were blinded to the clinical personal. After discharge patient files were screened with the aim to identify any delirium registered by the clinical personal.

Results: Out of 276 screened patients 192 where included in the project. 100 patients and were included in the pre-CAM group and 92 patients in the during-CAM group. According to the registrations by the research team 24 of 100 (24% 95%CI 16%-34%) patients experience delirium in the pre-CAM group and 18 of 92 (20% 95%CI 12%-29%) in the during-CAM group. Increasing age and comorbidity was related to delirium.  Prevalence of the diagnoses delirium registered in the patient file increased from 1 of 24 (4% 95%CI  0%-21%) to 9 of 18 (50% 95%CI 26%-74%).

Conclusion: One out of four elderly acute patients has deliria symptoms during the first 2 days at hospital. Systematic CAM scoring does not change the prevalence but increase the awareness significantly. The high prevalence underlines the clinical importance of the problem.
Characteristic and help-seeking behavior of patients with infections who called the medical helpline 1813: a mixed methods study
Authors: Udesen Stine Emilie Junker , Kristiansen Maria , Lassen Annmarie , Folke Fredrik , Gamst-Jensen Hejdi
Published: May 2019

Early identification of patients with serious infections is a clinical challenge for both medical helplines and emergency departments (ED). Serious infections might be difficult to identify as some patients present unspecific symptoms and a normal body temperature. It is therefore important to describe characteristics and help-seeking behaviour (HSB) with the aim to identify infections earlier.

The study population was part of a data collection carried out between 24.01-09.02 2017, at the Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen (Medical Helpline 1813). Among 11,340 patients in contact with the Medical Helpline, we identified adult patients seen in the EDs with a diagnosis of infection (ICD-10 classification). Quantitative and qualitative (recorded voicelogs) data were extracted and a mixed methods study (convergent design) was performed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression was used for the quantitative data strand. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data strand. Both data strands were integrated to describe the characteristics of the HSB of patients with infections.

In total 3,614 adult patients were triaged to an ED, and 753 (20.8%) were diagnosed with infection of which 83 (11%) were hospitalized. ED patients with infection were younger (Median: 42 vs 47 years, p=<0.001), more often without comorbidity (68.5% vs 74.5%, p=0.006) and more often females (64.1% vs 53.2%, p=<0.001) compared to ED patients without infection. Hospitalized patients with infection were older (71 vs 40 years, p=<0.001), and had more comorbidity (60.2% vs 39.8%, p=<0.001) than those with infection who were not hospitalized. Fever was presented by 18 out of 32 hospitalized patients (56.3%) in the voicelogs. Some described that fever appeared with breathing difficulties, cough, and general weakness. Several patients had tried to self-manage their infection, but most calls (71.2%) were made by a close relative who was concerned. This illustrates that patients did not seek health professional help before their relatives were sufficiently concerned.

Hospitalized patients with infections were older and had more comorbidity compared to the non-hospitalized patients with infections. Among hospitalized patients with infections, fever was frequently presented in 1813-calls. Characteristic like self-management and concerned relatives are important to understand the HSB of hospitalized patients with infections.
Droits linguistiques et droits fondamentaux en Espagne
Authors: Milian-Massana Antoni
Published: May 2019

Les minorités linguistiques ont besoin de mesures législatives destinées à la sauvegarde de leurs langues. Dit autrement, elles ont besoin de la reconnaissance de droits linguistiques. Au-delà de ces dispositions spécifiques, il ne faut pas oublier que les droits fondamentaux déterminés renferment un contenu linguistique implicite qui est utile à la protection des dites minorités.

Après avoir examiné de façon globale le régime juridique du plurilinguisme en Espagne, l’auteur analyse le contenu linguistique des droits fondamentaux, tels que reconnus dans ce pays. En particulier, il étudie le contenu linguistique des droits au nom, à l’égalité, à l’éducation, à la liberté d’expression et au droit à un procès juste et équitable. Selon l’auteur, si l’on se restreint au contenu linguistique des droits fondamentaux, la réglementation espagnole actuelle respecte ce contenu. Mais l’auteur conclut que le seul contenu linguistique implicite des droits fondamentaux, et les droits linguistiques tels que reconnus en Espagne, ne suffisent pas pour protéger efficacement les minorités linguistiques.

Comme l’étude porte sur l’Espagne, on y trouve des références au droit communautaire et à plusieurs reprises l’auteur recourt au droit comparé afin d’établir une meilleure justification de ses thèses.
Sentencing Reform in Canada: Recent Developments
Authors: Roberts Julian V. , von Hirsch Andrew
Published: May 2019

Changes to the sentencing process in Canada are finally imminent. A number of reports in recent years have called for reforms in the area of sentencing and parole. In 1987, the Canadian Sentencing Commission released its final report Sentencing Reform: A Canadian Approach. This was followed in 1988 by the report of the Daubney Committee following its investigation into sentencing and parole. In addition to these proposals, the now-defunct Law Reform Commission of Canada, the Department of Justice and the Ministry of the Solicitor General all published reports containing reform proposals. In this article, the authors review recent events in the area of sentencing since the publication of the report of the Canadian Sentencing Commission. After a brief introduction, four principal policy issues are examined: (i) statutory statements of sentencing purpose; (ii) sentencing guidelines; (iii) the future of release on parole; (iv) the creation of a permanent sentencing commission for Canada. For each issue, the article critically examines the position taken by major players in the area of criminal law reform. The article concludes with a brief examination of Bill C-90, which recently received first reading, and which will be the object of further parliamentary scrutiny in the fall of 1992. In a subsequent article, the authors offer their own proposals to reform the sentencing of offenders in Canada.
Change of Terminology? Change of Law?
Authors: Macdonald Roderick A.
Published: May 2019

The provisions of the Civil Code of Québec dealing with Prior Claims and Hypothecs constitute an ambitious, although only partly successful, reform of the law relating to security devices. Given the policy objectives underlying any regime of security on property, three major problems with the new Code are immediately apparent: the failure to rationalize the scheme of non-consensual priorities and legal hypothecs; the failure to provide explicitly for an imperative regime of registration and realisation recourses governing any legal transaction which in substance functions as security on property; and the failure to redefine the concept of hypothec to account for its extension to universalities, and incorporeal property. Nevertheless, ordinary canons of codal interpretation give the judiciary sufficient resources to correct, by principled reference to the basic policy goals of this area of the law, most of the textual deficiencies in Book Six of the Civil Code of Québec.
La création de l’hypothèque légale immobilière
Authors: Pratte Denise
Published: May 2019

Le nouveau Code civil du Québec prévoit quatre hypothèques légales, soit celle de l’État et des personnes morales de droit public, celle des personnes qui ont participé à la construction ou à la rénovation d’un immeuble, celle du syndicat des copropriétaires et celle des personnes qui ont une créance résultant d’un jugement. Elles proviennent des hypothèques légales ou des privilèges déjà prévus au Code civil du Bas-Canada. Cette étude examine donc les changements apportés par le nouveau Code relativement à ces garanties légales. Elle compare également les nouveaux modes de création et de conservation de ces sûretés avec le régime actuel.
L’exécution des sûretés mobilières sous le nouveau Code civil du Québec
Authors: Boudreault Marc
Published: May 2019

Le nouveau Code civil du Québec reconnaît la possibilité de détenir une hypothèque sur des biens meubles. Le présent texte a pour but d’examiner les moyens par lesquels un créancier détenant une telle hypothèque pourra, en vertu des nouvelles dispositions du Code civil du Québec, réaliser sa garantie. En plus de souligner en quoi ces nouvelles règles se distinguent du droit actuel, l’auteur indique également comment celles-ci se comparent, le cas échéant, à la législation ontarienne.
L’exercice des droits hypothécaires en matière immobilière
Authors: Godin Robert P.
Published: May 2019

Le Code civil du Québec, dans sa version définitive du 18 décembre 1991 (L.Q. 1991, c. 64) nous propose une réforme fondamentale en droit des sûretés. Cette réforme comporte différents éléments novateurs, parmi lesquels se retrouve une uniformisation des recours hypothécaires, atteignant presque, en matière immobilière tout au moins, une institutionnalisation des sûretés qui équivaut à toutes fins pratiques à adopter la présomption d’hypothèque souhaitée dans certains milieux. En matière immobilière comme en matière mobilière d’ailleurs, le Code civil du Québec nous offre maintenant quatre recours, désignés sous le titre de droits hypothécaires, qui remplaceront les sûretés et les recours que nous connaissons présentement aux termes du Code civil du Bas-Canada et de la Loi sur les pouvoirs spéciaux des corporations.

Chacun des droits hypothécaires que l’on nous propose comporte des effets différents en ce qui a trait aux droits des débiteurs ainsi qu’à ceux des tiers détenant des droits réels principaux ou des sûretés, sur le même bien immeuble. En plus des problèmes qui semblent exister dans l’articulation des recours que l’on nous propose, celui de comparer les effets de ces différents recours dans chaque cas particulier, devrait donner lieu, dans la pratique, à des difficultés importantes.
Contrat et non-contrat : scolies sur l’indétermination en jurisprudence québécoise
Authors: Legrand Pierre
Published: May 2019

Le droit civil retient que la formation d’un contrat valide passe par l’existence d’un consentement de chacune des parties à l’accord. Une fois le contrat conclu, le droit civil permet au juge d’en réviser le contenu, pour autant qu’il opère en-deçà des limites portées au Code civil. Le droit civil dit encore que l’imputation d’une responsabilité contractuelle requiert une faute préalable du débiteur. Une récente décision de la Cour d’appel du Québec, dans Hôpital c. Centre hospitalier Le Gardeur, déroge pourtant à chacun de ces trois préceptes fondamentaux. Elle offre, dès lors, un point d’ancrage singulièrement opportun à une réflexion sur le contrat et la responsabilité contractuelle dans le droit civil du Québec.
The Nature and Diversity of Personal Property Security Systems in Canada
Authors: Boodman Martin
Published: May 2019

In Canada, there are three natural groupings of personal property security systems. These are the Common law systems of nine provinces and two territories, the Civil law system of Québec and the Canadian federal legislation relevant to secured lending. The Common law jurisdictions subdivide into two groups consisting of those which have adopted or are about to adopt unitary personal property security legislation modelled upon Article 9 of the U.C.C. of the United States, and those which have not and are not about to adopt such legislation.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the common and disparate features of the systems for security on personal or moveable property in Canada. The descriptive exercise indicates that it is impossible to characterize the law in this domain as either completely divergent or homogeneous and that, despite similarities and differences, there is a substantial degree of commensurability among Canadian systems of security on personal property.
Présentation et critique des dispositions du Projet de loi 125 portant sur les sûretés réelles
Authors: Boudreault Marc , Ciotola Pierre
Published: May 2019

Cet article se divise en deux parties. Dans une première partie, les auteurs présentent les caractéristiques générales des dispositions du projet de Code civil, portant sur les sûretés réelles, regroupées au livre sixième du Projet de loi 125. Dans une seconde partie, les auteurs analysent de façon plus spécifique ces mêmes dispositions en les commentant, à tour de rôle, article par article.
Le droit à l’égalité de la Charte appliqué à certains programmes sociaux fédéraux
Authors: Morrissette France
Published: May 2019

Par la présente étude, nous démontrons, dans un premier temps, qu’un jugement portant sur l’application de l’article 15(1) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés à un programme social particulier risque d’avoir un impact considérable sur l’ensemble du système de sécurité sociale canadien. À cette fin, nous évaluons, dans le contexte de l’article 15 de la Charte, les répercussions potentielles de cinq décisions récentes relatives au programme canadien d’assurance-chômage sur trois autres programmes sociaux fédéraux, à savoir le Régime de pensions du Canada, la Loi sur la sécurité de la vieillesse et la Loi de l’impôt sur le revenu du Canada.

Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons la réaction des tribunaux à l’égard des principales justifications que le gouvernement fédéral invoque à l’appui de ses programmes sociaux, dans le cadre de l’article 1 de la Charte. Nous constaterons alors une nette tendance des tribunaux à s’en remettre au législateur ou à se déclarer institutionnellement incompétents quand des législations socio-économiques sont en cause.
Introduction au droit d’auteur
Authors: Goudreau Mistrale
Published: May 2019

En 1988, le Parlement fédéral apportait des modifications majeures à la Loi sur le droit d’auteur et il promettait de compléter la réforme de la loi dans les prochaines années. Depuis 1988, de nombreux auteurs ont commenté les modifications législatives, mais il y a peu d’écrits faisant une synthèse complète du droit antérieur et des modifications récentes. Dans cet article, l’auteure fait une présentation succincte de l’état du droit dans le domaine du droit d’auteur, compte tenu des modifications apportées par la Loi modifiant la Loi sur le droit d’auteur de 1988 et de celles découlant de l’accord de libre-échange conclu entre le Canada et les États-Unis.
La Loi canadienne sur la responsabilité civile nucléaire et les tendances du droit nucléaire
Authors: Boustany Katia
Published: May 2019

Le développement industriel de l’énergie nucléaire a requis, dès le départ, une législation exorbitante du droit commun en matière de responsabilité civile. Le régime qui a été élaboré et mis en place tant dans le cadre international qu’au sein des juridictions nationales se caractérise par une responsabilité objective, sans faute, canalisée — juridiquement ou économiquement — sur l’exploitant nucléaire et dont le montant est plafonné; de même que la durée d’une telle responsabilité est limitée dans le temps selon la nature du dommage invoqué. Les raisons d’être économiques du régime de responsabilité civile nucléaire sont mises en cause par certains groupes environnementalistes devant les tribunaux canadiens. Cet article cherche à éclairer la réflexion sur la question en comparant certaines législations nationales (Canada, États-Unis, France) et les Conventions internationales (Convention de Paris et Convention de Vienne) dans ce domaine particulier du droit.
Will There Be a Science of Law in the Twenty-First Century?
Authors: Stith Richard
Published: May 2019

The skepticism of the American Legal Realists and their heirs threatens to make a politically neutral science of law impossible and thus to undermine the liberal polity which needs such a science. Ronald Dworkin attempts to refute the skeptics and defend both legal theory and liberalism. However, the author points out, Dworkin and liberalism are themselves skeptics when it comes to moral principles, and, therefore, they cannot wholly escape from similar skepticism with regard to legal principles. Both Anglo-American and Continental legal history are examined in the course of these arguments.
Le marché unique européen : l’Europe de 1992
Authors: Wille Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Réunis à La Malbaie du 5 au 7 août 1990, une trentaine de juristes et d’économistes européens, nord-américains et africains ont échangé sur l’évolution du droit international économique.

Ce premier colloque organisé par la SDIE (Canada) en collaboration avec la SDIE (France) aborde les aspects historique, théorique, pratique et éthique de ce secteur du droit qui couvre l’organisation de la production et du commerce, les relations monétaires et financières, le droit du commerce international, la gestion des ressources et la protection de l’environnement.

Le présent dossier reproduit, en français ou en anglais, les principaux exposés. Les deux premiers textes traitent de questions générales et du cadre dans lequel se développe le droit international économique. Les exposés suivants présentent divers aspects de ce secteur du droit en cours de transformation.
The Concept of Specificity in US Steel Bilateral Consensus Agreements
Authors: Pinkert Dean
Published: May 2019

In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law.

This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection.

The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.