bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Parallel Implementation of Matrix Multiplication for Lattice-Based Cryptography on Modern ARM Processor
Authors: Park Taehwan , Seo Hwajeong , Kim Junsub , Park Haeryong , Kim Howon
Published: September 2018

Recently, various types of postquantum cryptography algorithms have been proposed for the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Postquantum Cryptography Standardization competition. Lattice-based cryptography, which is based on Learning with Errors, is based on matrix multiplication. A large-size matrix multiplication requires a long execution time for key generation, encryption, and decryption. In this paper, we propose an efficient parallel implementation of matrix multiplication and vector addition with matrix transpose using ARM NEON instructions on ARM Cortex-A platforms. The proposed method achieves performance enhancements of 36.93%, 6.95%, 32.92%, and 7.66%. The optimized method is applied to the Lizard. CCA key generation step enhances the performance by 7.04%, 3.66%, 7.57%, and 9.32% over previous state-of-the-art implementations.
Research on the Fatigue Performance of TC6 Compressor Blade under the CCF Effect
Authors: Yakui Zhang , Shuxiang Guo
Published: September 2018

This paper studied the influence of high and low combined fatigue (CCF) on compressor blade fatigue performance. We investigated the coupling between low cycle fatigue (LCF) loading from centrifugal force with high cycle fatigue (HCF) loading from vibration and determined the blade disc vibration frequency using static analysis at maximum rotational speed. We designed and constructed a combined fatigue test rig, and CCF tests were performed on a TC6 compressor blade to analyze fatigue life characteristics. Results showed that CCF could significantly shorten blade life compared with pure LCF and that larger HCF caused more significant fatigue life reduction. Fatigue source characteristics and CCF fracture appearance were observed and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Yellow Nail Syndrome with Bilateral Pleural Plaques and Diffuse Pleural Thickening: A Mimic of Asbestos Related Disease
Authors: Dallmann Adam , Attanoos Richard L.
Published: September 2018

Yellow nail syndrome is a rare acquired condition of unknown aetiology associated with distinct nail discolouration/xanthonychia, pulmonary manifestations, and lymphoedema. Pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening are typically, although not exclusively, recognised as markers of prior commercial asbestos exposure. The presence of such biomarkers may assist an asbestos personal injury evaluation. A postmortem examination performed on a 72-year-old man with known long-standing yellow nail syndrome identified pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening. An evaluation of the occupational history identified no known asbestos exposure. Electron microscopic mineral fibre analysis detected no asbestos fibres. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of yellow nail syndrome in which these benign pleural changes are reported ex asbestos. Alternate causes for such pleural pathology were absent. There is merit in physicians and pathologists having an awareness of these new manifestations when considering claimed asbestos related changes during life and at postmortem.
Colon Epithelial MicroRNA Network in Fatty Liver
Authors: Joseph Paule V. , Abey Sarah K. , Wang Dan , Fourie Nicolaas H. , Kenea Natnael D. , Vishnyakova Tatyana G. , Robinson Jeffrey M. , Weaver Kristen R. , Boulineaux Christina M. , Davidson Hannah R. , Sherwin LeeAnne B. , Ozoji Onyinyechi , Diallo Ana F. , Smyser Paul A. , Patterson Amy P. , Henderson Wendy A.
Published: September 2018

Background & Aims. Intestinal barrier alterations are associated with fatty liver (FL) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but microRNA (miR) signaling pathways in MetS-FL pathogenesis remain unclear. This study investigates an epithelial-focused miR network in colorectal cell models based on the previously reported MetS-FL miR trio of hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-18b, and hsa-miR-890. Methods. Each miR mimic construct of MetS-FL miR trio was transfected into human colorectal cells, CRL-1790 or Caco-2. Global miRNome changes posttransfection were profiled (nCounter® Human v3 miRNA, NanoString Technologies). Changes in barrier (transepithelial electrical resistance, TEER) and epithelial cell junction structure (Occludin and Zona Occludens-1/ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining-confocal microscopy) were examined pre- and posttransfection in Caco-2 cell monolayers. A signaling network was constructed from the MetS-FL miR trio, MetS-FL miR-induced colorectal miRNome changes, ZO-1, and Occludin. Results. Transfection of CRL-1790 cells with each MetS-FL miR mimic led to global changes in the cellular miRNome profile, with 288 miRs being altered in expression by more than twofold. Eleven miRs with known cytoskeletal and metabolic roles were commonly altered in expression by all three miR mimics. Transfection of Caco-2 cell monolayers with each MetS-FL miR mimic induced barrier-associated TEER variations and led to structural modifications of ZO-1 and Occludin within epithelial cell junctions. Pathway analysis incorporating the MetS-FL miR trio, eleven common target miRs, ZO-1, and Occludin revealed a signaling network centered on TNF and AKT2, which highlights injury, inflammation, and hyperplasia. Conclusions. Colon-specific changes in epithelial barriers, cell junction structure, and a miRNome signaling network are described from functional studies of a MetS-FL miR trio signature.
Delayed Presentation of Shoulder Tuberculosis
Authors: Darraj Majid
Published: September 2018

Infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) have a global distribution, with infections occurring most frequently in persons residing in or who have resided in developing nations. Pulmonary tuberculosis (Tb) is the most common form of infection caused by MTb. Osteoarticular Tb is a far less common condition than pulmonary Tb and is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of persons with joint pathology. Osteoarticular Tb infections are far less common than pulmonary Tb and are usually not considered in the differential diagnosis. We describe a case of a 57-year-old immigrant African male who presented with 5 years of right shoulder pain and a restricted range of movement. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concluded right shoulder septic arthritis, for which he underwent operative drainage and debridement was undertaken. The thick purulent joint fluid subsequently yielded MTb, establishing the diagnosis of osteoarticular Tb. We conclude that Tb should be suspected in cases of long-standing joint pain and stiffness, particularly in persons from endemic areas with Tb as well as patients with a previous history of Tb exposure.
Neurophysiological Responses to Different Product Experiences
Authors: Modica Enrica , Cartocci Giulia , Rossi Dario , Martinez Levy Ana C. , Cherubino Patrizia , Maglione Anton Giulio , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Mancini Marco , Montanari Marco , Perrotta Davide , Di Feo Paolo , Vozzi Alessia , Ronca Vincenzo , Aricò Pietro , Babiloni Fabio
Published: September 2018

It is well known that the evaluation of a product from the shelf considers the simultaneous cerebral and emotional evaluation of the different qualities of the product such as its colour, the eventual images shown, and the envelope’s texture (hereafter all included in the term “product experience”). However, the measurement of cerebral and emotional reactions during the interaction with food products has not been investigated in depth in specialized literature. The aim of this paper was to investigate such reactions by the EEG and the autonomic activities, as elicited by the cross-sensory interaction (sight and touch) across several different products. In addition, we investigated whether (i) the brand (Major Brand or Private Label), (ii) the familiarity (Foreign or Local Brand), and (iii) the hedonic value of products (Comfort Food or Daily Food) influenced the reaction of a group of volunteers during their interaction with the products. Results showed statistically significantly higher tendency of cerebral approach (as indexed by EEG frontal alpha asymmetry) in response to comfort food during the visual exploration and the visual and tactile exploration phases. Furthermore, for the same index, a higher tendency of approach has been found toward foreign food products in comparison with local food products during the visual and tactile exploration phase. Finally, the same comparison performed on a different index (EEG frontal theta) showed higher mental effort during the interaction with foreign products during the visual exploration and the visual and tactile exploration phases. Results from the present study could deepen the knowledge on the neurophysiological response to food products characterized by different nature in terms of hedonic value familiarity; moreover, they could have implications for food marketers and finally lead to further study on how people make food choices through the interactions with their commercial envelope.
Critical Review of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Prevalence and Users’ Profile, Decision-Making, Information Seeking, and Disclosure in the Face of a Lack of Efficacy
Authors: Adams Jon , Lee Michael , Peng Wenbo
Published: September 2018

Background: Despite a lack of evidence of clinical efficacy for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), these medicines remain popular around the world. Objective: To examine the prevalence and cost of CAM use in ALS and CAM users’ profile, decision-making, information seeking, and disclosure among ALS patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted of MEDLINE, CINAHL/SCOPUS, and AMED databases from their inception to April 2018. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and employed a quality scoring system to assess the included papers. Results: Seven papers met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analysed. ALS patients utilized a range of CAM therapies and/or products, with acupuncture and vitamins being the most frequently reported. CAM modalities were often employed concurrently with conventional medications throughout the disease process. Although some ALS patients reported positive experience regarding CAM use, many were reluctant to disclose their CAM use to their clinicians. Research focusing on CAM use in ALS remains ad hoc and restricted to only a few countries. The rigour and quality of this research field to date has been varied, predominantly drawing upon regional/localized data and failing to report CAM users’ characteristics. Conclusion: A proportion of ALS patients report utilizing CAM concurrently with conventional treatments. Such use, set amidst a dearth of evidence for the efficacy of CAM in ALS, poses potential direct and indirect risks to patient care, and medical providers should be mindful of and enquire about CAM use when treating ALS patients.
Gender Difference in the Relationship of Albuminuria and Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Adults - a 6.6-Year Follow-Up Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chieh , Tang Kuo-Tung , Li Chia-Ing , Liu Chiu-Shong , Lai Ming-May , Lin Wen-Yuan , Lin Cheng-Chieh
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) reflects the stiffness of muscular arteries. Albuminuria is recognized as a marker of vascular dysfunction. We assessed the association between arterial stiffness and albuminuria in a population-based longitudinal study. Methods: 1116 adults aged ≥ 40 years in the Taichung Community Health Study (TCHS) in 2004 attended a follow-up visit in 2011. Albuminuria was defined as an urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. Arterial stiffness was defined as BaPWV ≥ 1540 cm/sec in males and BaPWV ≥ 1480 cm/sec in females, respectively. ∆baPWV was calculated as baPWV at follow-up minus baPWV at baseline, while ∆UACR was calculated as UACR at follow-up minus UACR at baseline. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between albuminuria and arterial stiffness. Results: Among 652 subjects without arterial stiffness at baseline, 209 (32%) subjects developed incident arterial stiffness after an average of 6.6 years. In male subjects, baseline albuminuria was associated with development of arterial stiffness (odds ratio: 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–19.31) and ∆baPWV was modestly positively associated with ∆UACR. Conclusion: Our results indicated that male adults with albuminuria had an increased risk for developing arterial stiffness.
Unmet Medical Needs in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Neoplasms
Authors: Baudin Eric , Hayes Aimee R. , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Filosso Pier Luigi , Lim Eric , Kaltsas Gregory , Frilling Andrea , Chen Jie , Kos-Kudła Beata , Gorbunova Vera , Wiedenmann Bertram , Nieveen van Dijkum Els , Ćwikła Jaroslaw B. , Falkerby Jenny , Valle Juan W. , Kulke Matthew H. , Caplin Martyn E. ,   The ENETS 2016 Munich Advisory Board Participants
Published: September 2018

Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) display the common features of all well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and are classified as low- and intermediate-grade malignant tumours (i.e., typical and atypical carcinoid, respectively). There is a paucity of randomised studies dedicated to advanced PCs and management principles are drawn from the larger gastroenteropancreatic NEN experience. There is growing evidence that NEN anatomic subgroups have different biology and different responses to treatment and, therefore, should be investigated as separate entities in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence and limitations of tumour classification, diagnostics and staging, prognostication, and treatment in the setting of PC, with focus on unmet medical needs and directions for the future.
АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ У ДЕРЖАВНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇНИ (2 повідомлення)
Authors: Ilnitskaya O. M. , Katerynyuk V. Yu. , Katerynyuk О. G. , Horob N. D.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – розкриття питання програми післядипломної освіти лікарів, яка включає в себе навчальні курси, що виступають системоутворюючим чинником при розкритті сутності права охорони здоров’я та спрямовані, у свою чергу, на формування компетентного медичного працівника, здатного до постійного оновлення професійної майстерності. Основна частина. У статті розкривається суть післядипломної медичної освіти, її мета, завдання та напрямки діяльності як основа діяльності післядипломної підготовки медичних працівників у державних закладах охорони здоров’я України щодо підвищення їх кваліфікації. Також здійснено порівняння післядипломної медичної освіти у державному та приватному секторах, показано спільне і відмінне між ними й прерогативи післядипломної освіти медичних працівників у державних закладах охорони здоров’я України, що полягає у поглибленні, розширенні та оновленні професійних знань, умінь і навичок.Висновок. Систему державного управління медичною освітою можна визначити як цілісну, ієрархічну, взаємопов’язану сукупність управлінських відносин щодо реалізації певними суб’єктами структурно розподілених функцій впливу держави на зміст, форми, стан, процеси, результати і пріоритети розвитку медичної освіти.
РІВЕНЬ ІНФОРМОВАНОСТІ ТА СТАВЛЕННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ
Authors: Kоlisnyk N. S. , Freyvald V. A. , Marchenko N. A. , Chabanenko D. V. , Stadnik O. I. , Chebotar N. Y.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – аналіз сучасного стану та досвіду викладання педіатрії англомовним студентам 4-го та 5-го років навчання на кафедрі педіатрії № 2 Харківського національного медичного університету.Основна частина. Викладання педіатрії англомовним студентам вимагає високого рівня професійної підготовки, педагогічної майстерності та вільного володіння англійською мовою. Для підвищення якості підготовки іноземних студентів на кафедрі проводиться постійний пошук та впровадження сучасних інноваційних технологій, регулярне оновлення методичних матеріалів, створення навчальних посібників та підручників з урахуванням міжнародних стандартів надання медичної допомоги дітям.Висновок. Зменшення кількості студентів у групах та лекційних потоках, удосконалення матеріально-технічної бази (комп’ютеризація, розвиток фантомних класів тощо) дозволить поліпшити якість навчання та оволодіння практичними навичками.
МОНІТОРИНГ ЯКОСТІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ. МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Bulakh I. Ye. , Voitenko L. P. , Antonenko Yu. P.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – дослідження у відкритих інтернет-ресурсах та у провідних медичних виданнях, медичних освітніх журналах ключових понять, що входять до визначення “Міжнародне моніторингове дослідження якості вищої медичної освіти”, а також вивчення та аналіз міжнародного досвіду проведення таких досліджень.Основна частина. За відкритими інтернет-ресурсами з урахуванням обов’язкових ключових понять, які має включати будь-яке міжнародне моніторингове дослідження, таких, як: мета та завдання, рівень проведення, об’єкт дослідження, методи проведення моніторингу та оцінювання, індикатори/показники, критерії та стандарти їх оцінювання, етапи проведення, було здійснено пошук прикладів використання Міжнародних моніторингових досліджень якості вищої медичної освіти для встановлення стану та визначення шляхів удосконалення медичної освіти на міжнародному та національних рівнях.Висновки. Міжнародна практика оперує різними формами міжнародного моніторингового дослідження. Можна стверджувати про: відсутність єдиного універсального інструменту здійснення міжнародного моніторингового дослідження; наявність різних інструментів міжнародного моніторингового дослідження залежно від його мети та інших вказаних вище ключових понять. Також можна стверджувати, що проведення Міжнародного моніторингового дослідження якості вищої медичної освіти з використанням лише існуючого стандартизованого тесту будь-якої іноземної агенції з оцінки якості рівня знань майбутніх лікарів є недостатнім, оскільки він виконує лише одну функцію – оцінювання, що не вичерпує та не вирішує завдань інших функцій, які повинен включати моніторинг.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДБОРУ АБІТУРІЄНТІВ НА НАВЧАННЯ ДО ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ ШКІЛ ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ
Authors: Prokop I. A. , Savaryn T. V.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – здійснити системний аналіз процесу відбору абітурієнтів на навчання у вищих медичних закладах Великої Британії.Основна частина. Процес конкурсного відбору кандидатів для здобуття фахової (медичної) освіти вимагає постійного вдоско­налення. Складною проблемою міждисциплінарного рівня, що охоплює питання медицини, педагогіки, психології та інших дисциплін, є розробка  такої системи оцінювання абітурієнтів, яка б максимально відповідала сучасним вимогам. Психологічний компонент відбору  кандидатів є не менш важливим, ніж професійний, і являє собою невід’ємну складову визначення фахової придатності. У статті розглядаються питання формування контингенту студентів британських вищих медичних шкіл. Виокремлено основні засоби відбору кандидатів на навчання, систематизовано академічні та неакадемічні вступні вимоги, подана їхня характеристика. Висновки. Вивчення досвіду організації допрофесійної і професійної освіти за кордоном дає змогу врахувати такий досвід при реформуванні системи освіти незалежної України, виявити критерії ефективності допрофесійної підготовки фахівців. У тих країнах, де відбір практикується тільки після того, як студенти вже розпочали вивчати медицину, має місце стурбованість щодо якості медичної освіти, оскільки збільшення останнім часом кількості осіб, що вступають до вищих медичних навчальних закладів, не компенсується відповідним розширенням їх можливостей щодо підготовки спеціалістів.Проведений аналіз дозволив зробити висновки про доцільність застосування деяких способів відбору абітурієнтів до вітчиз­няних медичних вузів на сучасному етапі. Крім цього, він може стати основою для розробки рекомендацій щодо прийому на навчання іноземних студентів.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Outcome After Acute Stroke
Authors: Puig Josep , Blasco Gerard , Alberich-Bayarri Angel , Schlaug Gottfried , Deco Gustavo , Biarnes Carles , Navas-Martí Marian , Rivero Mireia , Gich Jordi , Figueras Jaume , Torres Cristina , Daunis-i-Estadella Pepus , Oramas-Requejo Celia L , Serena Joaquín , Stinear Cathy M , Kuceyeski Amy , Soriano-Mas Carles , Thomalla Götz , Essig Marco , Figley Chase R. , Menon Bijoy , Demchuk Andrew , Nael Kambiz , Wintermark Max , Liebeskind David S. , Pedraza Salvador
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Physiological effects of stroke are best assessed over entire brain networks rather than just focally at the site of structural damage. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can map functional-anatomic networks by analyzing spontaneously correlated low-frequency activity fluctuations across the brain, but its potential usefulness in predicting functional outcome after acute stroke remains unknown. We assessed the ability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to predict functional outcome after acute stroke.

Methods—

We scanned 37 consecutive reperfused stroke patients (age, 69±14 years; 14 females; 3-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 6±5) on day 3 after symptom onset. After imaging preprocessing, we used a whole-brain mask to calculate the correlation coefficient matrices for every paired region using the Harvard-Oxford probabilistic atlas. To evaluate functional outcome, we applied the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. We used region of interest analyses to explore the functional connectivity between regions and graph-computation analysis to detect differences in functional connectivity between patients with good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) and those with poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2).

Results—

Patients with good outcome had greater functional connectivity than patients with poor outcome. Although 3-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was the most accurate independent predictor of 90-day modified Rankin Scale (84.2%), adding functional connectivity increased accuracy to 94.7%. Preserved bilateral interhemispheric connectivity between the anterior inferior temporal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus and decreased connectivity between the caudate and anterior inferior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere had the greatest impact in favoring good prognosis.

Conclusions—

These data suggest that information about functional connectivity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging may help predict 90-day stroke outcome.
Roles of Nicotine in the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Kamio Yoshinobu , Miyamoto Takeshi , Kimura Tetsuro , Mitsui Kazuha , Furukawa Hajime , Zhang Dingding , Yokosuka Kimihiko , Korai Masaaki , Kudo Daisuke , Lukas Ronald J. , Lawton Michael T. , Hashimoto Tomoki
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Tobacco cigarette smoking is considered to be a strong risk factor for intracranial aneurysmal rupture. Nicotine is a major biologically active constituent of tobacco products. Nicotine’s interactions with vascular cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits (α7*-nAChR) are thought to promote local inflammation and sustained angiogenesis. In this study, using a mouse intracranial aneurysm model, we assessed potential contributions of nicotine exposure and activation of α7*-nAChR to the development of aneurysmal rupture.

Methods—

Intracranial aneurysms were induced by a combination of deoxycorticosterone-salt induced hypertension and a single-dose elastase injection into cerebrospinal fluid in mice.

Results—

Exposure to nicotine or an α7*-nAChR–selective agonist significantly increased aneurysm rupture rate. Coexposure to an α7*-nAChR antagonist abolished nicotine’s deleterious effect. In addition, nicotine’s promotion of aneurysm rupture was absent in smooth muscle cell–specific α7*-nAChR subunit knockout mice but not in mice lacking α7*-nAChR on endothelial cells or macrophages. Nicotine treatment increased the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-B, and inflammatory cytokines. α7*-nAChR antagonist reversed nicotine-induced upregulation of these growth factors and cytokines.

Conclusions—

Our findings indicate that nicotine exposure promotes aneurysmal rupture through actions on vascular smooth muscle cell α7*-nAChR.
Clinical Outcomes and Neuroimaging Profiles in Nondisabled Patients With Anticoagulant-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lioutas Vasileios-Arsenios , Goyal Nitin , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Krogias Christos , Zand Ramin , Sharma Vijay K. , Varelas Panayiotis , Malhotra Konark , Paciaroni Maurizio , Sharaf Aboubakar , Chang Jason , Karapanayiotides Theodore , Kargiotis Odysseas , Pappa Alexandra , Mai Jeffrey , Pandhi Abhi , Schroeder Christoph , Tsantes Argyrios , Mehta Chandan , Kerro Ali , Khan Ayesha , Mitsias Panayiotis D. , Selim Magdy H. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

The aim of this study was to prospectively validate our prior findings of smaller hematoma volume and lesser neurological deficit in nonvitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) compared with Vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods—

Prospective 12-month observational study in 15 tertiary stroke centers in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Consecutive patients with premorbid modified Rankin Scale score of <2 with acute nontraumatic anticoagulant-related ICH divided into 2 groups according to the type of anticoagulant: NOAC versus VKA. We recorded baseline ICH volume, significant hematoma expansion (absolute [12.5 mL] or relative [>33%] increase), neurological severity measured by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 90-day mortality, and functional status (modified Rankin Scale score).

Results—

Our cohort comprised 196 patients, 62 NOAC related (mean age, 75.0±11.4 years; 54.8% men) and 134 VKA related (mean age, 72.3±10.5; 73.1% men). There were no differences in vascular comorbidities, antiplatelet, and statin use; NOAC-related ICH patients had lower median baseline hematoma volume (13.8 [2.5–37.6] versus 19.5 [6.6–52.0] mL;
P
=0.026) and were less likely to have severe neurological deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of >10 points) on admission (37% versus 55.3%,
P
=0.025). VKA-ICH were more likely to have significant hematoma expansion (37.4% versus 17%,
P
=0.008). NOAC pretreatment was independently associated with smaller baseline hematoma volume (standardized linear regression coefficient:−0.415 [95% CI, −0.780 to −0.051]) resulting in lower likelihood of severe neurological deficit (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22−0.85) in multivariable-adjusted models.

Conclusions—

Patients with NOAC-related ICH have smaller baseline hematoma volumes and lower odds of severe neurological deficit compared with VKA-related ICH. These findings are important for practicing clinicians making anticoagulation choices.
Large Vessel Occlusion in Acute Stroke
Authors: Beume Lena-Alexandra , Hieber Maren , Kaller Christoph P. , Nitschke Kai , Bardutzky Juergen , Urbach Horst , Weiller Cornelius , Rijntjes Michel
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

To date, no clinical score has become widely accepted as an eligible prehospital marker for large vessel occlusion (LVO) and the need of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in ischemic stroke. On the basis of pathophysiological considerations, we propose that cortical symptoms such as aphasia and neglect are more sensitive indicators for LVO and MT than motor deficits.

Methods—

We, thus, retrospectively evaluated a consecutive cohort of 543 acute stroke patients including patients with ischemia in the posterior circulation, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and stroke mimics to best represent the prehospital setting.

Results—

Cortical symptoms alone showed to be a reliable indicator for LVO (sensitivity: 0.91; specificity: 0.70) and MT (sensitivity: 0.90; specificity: 0.60) in acute stroke patients, whereas motor deficits showed a sensitivity of 0.85 for LVO (specificity: 0.53) and 0.87 for MT (specificity: 0.48).

Conclusions—

We propose that in the prehospital setting, the presence of cortical symptoms is a reliable indicator for LVO and its presence justifies transportation to an MT-capable center.
Cerebral Cortical Microinfarcts on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Their Association With Cognition in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Xiong Li , van Veluw Susanne J. , Bounemia Narimene , Charidimou Andreas , Pasi Marco , Boulouis Gregoire , Reijmer Yael D. , Giese Anne-Katrin , Davidsdottir Sigurros , Fotiadis Panagiotis , Valenti Raffaella , Riley Grace , Schwab Kristin , Gurol Edip M. , Biffi Alessandro , Greenberg Steven M. , Viswanathan Anand
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to explore the association between presence of cerebral cortical microinfarcts (CMIs) on magnetic resonance imaging and other small-vessel disease neuroimaging biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and to analyze the role of CMIs on individual cognitive domains and dementia conversion.

Methods—

Participants were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal research cohort of eligible CAA patients between March 2006 and October 2016. A total of 102 cases were included in the analysis that assessed the relationship of cortical CMIs to CAA neuroimaging markers. Ninety-five subjects had neuropsychological tests conducted within 1 month of magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Seventy-five nondemented CAA patients had cognitive evaluation data available during follow-up.

Results—

Among 102 patients enrolled, 40 patients had CMIs (39%) on magnetic resonance imaging. CMIs were uniformly distributed throughout the cortex without regional predilection (
P
=0.971). The presence of CMIs was associated with lower total brain volume (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.98;
P
=0.025) and presence of cortical superficial siderosis (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.10–6.39;
P
=0.029). In 95 subjects with neuropsychological tests, presence of CMIs was associated with impaired executive function (β, −0.23; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.02;
P
=0.036) and processing speed (β, −0.24; 95% CI, −0.45 to −0.04;
P
=0.020). Patients with CMIs had a higher cumulative dementia incidence compared with patients without CMIs (
P
=0.043), whereas only baseline total brain volume (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.92;
P
=0.006) independently predicted dementia conversion.

Conclusions—

Magnetic resonance imaging–detected CMIs in CAA correlated with greater overall disease burden. The presence of CMIs was associated with worse cognitive performance, whereas only total brain atrophy independently predicted dementia conversion.
Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Induce Brain Injury Through α2δ-1–Bound NMDA Receptors
Authors: Luo Yi , Ma Huijie , Zhou Jing-Jing , Li Lingyong , Chen Shao-Rui , Zhang Jixiang , Chen Lin , Pan Hui-Lin
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Glutamate NMDARs (N-methyl-
D
-aspartate receptors) play a major role in the initiation of ischemic brain damage. However, NMDAR antagonists have no protective effects in stroke patients, possibly because they impair physiological functions of NMDARs. α2δ-1 (encoded by
Cacna2d1
) is strongly expressed in many brain regions. We determined the contribution of α2δ-1 to NMDAR hyperactivity and brain injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

Methods—

Mice were subjected to 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Neurological deficits, brain infarct volumes, and calpain/caspase-3 activity in brain tissues were measured. NMDAR activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons was measured in an in vitro ischemic model.

Results—

Middle cerebral artery occlusion increased α2δ-1 protein glycosylation in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that ischemia rapidly enhanced the α2δ-1–NMDAR physical interaction in the mouse brain tissue. Inhibiting α2δ-1 with gabapentin, uncoupling the α2δ-1–NMDAR interaction with an α2δ-1 C terminus–interfering peptide, or genetically ablating
Cacna2d1
had no effect on basal NMDAR currents but strikingly abolished oxygen-glucose deprivation–induced NMDAR hyperactivity in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Systemic treatment with gabapentin or α2δ-1 C-terminus–interfering peptide or
Cacna2d1
genetic knock-out reduced middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced infarct volumes, neurological deficit scores, and calpain/caspase-3 activation in brain tissues.

Conclusions—

α2δ-1 is essential for brain ischemia–induced neuronal NMDAR hyperactivity, and α2δ-1–bound NMDARs mediate brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia. Targeting α2δ-1–bound NMDARs, without impairing physiological α2δ-1–free NMDARs, may be a promising strategy for treating ischemic stroke.
Recanalization Rate per Retrieval Attempt in Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Flottmann Fabian , Leischner Hannes , Broocks Gabriel , Nawabi Jawed , Bernhardt Martina , Faizy Tobias Djamsched , Deb-Chatterji Milani , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens , Brekenfeld Caspar
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

In acute ischemic stroke, mechanical thrombectomy allows flow restoration in the majority of cases. In case of an unsuccessful retrieval, little is known about how many retrieval attempts should be performed before stopping the procedure. This study assessed the recanalization rate and clinical outcome per retrieval maneuver.

Methods—

In this analysis, 330 patients with acute large vessel occlusion treated exclusively with stentrieval devices were included. Successful recanalization was defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b-3, a good clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale at 90 days of ≤2.

Results—

The median number of retrieval attempts was 1 (interquartile range, 1–2, maximum 8). Recanalization rates per retrieval attempt were highest for the first retrieval (46.8%) and lowest for the fifth retrieval (22.7%). After 3 retrieval attempts, 67.9% of patients were successfully recanalized. Patients with 1 to 3 retrieval attempts had higher rates of good clinical outcome (28.9% versus 7.4%;
P
=0.018). The number of passes was an independent negative predictor of good clinical outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.435–0.970;
P
=0.035).

Conclusions—

Two-thirds of occlusions were successfully recanalized with up to 3 retrieval attempts. Further attempts had good recanalization rates, but the rate of favorable clinical outcome did not improve.
A cladistic approach for generic delimitation of Paracloeodes Day, Rivudiva Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
Authors: Cruz Paulo Vilela , Salles Frederico Falcão , Hamada Neusa
Published: September 2018

The taxonomic knowledge of Baetidae has been greatly improved in the last decades in South America. Despite the advances, there are problems that need to be addressed. One of these problems is doubt concerning the systematics of species assigned to the genera Paracloeodes Day, Rivudiva Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and the evolution of long setae on femora. In the present paper, the monophyly of these three genera is tested using a cladistic approach. The matrix included 53 species and 151 morphological characters: 127 for nymphs and 24 for adults. The dataset was analyzed under equal and implied weights with nine values of k. Group support was estimated with relative Bremer and frequency differences. The results corroborate (i) the paraphyly of Paracloeodes and Varipes, which become monophyletic without P. caldensis + V. singuil, proposed as a new genus Rhopyscelis
gen. n., (ii) the long setae on femora as an independent acquisition between Rhopyscelis
gen. n. +
Varipes and Rivudiva, (iii) the transversal rows of setae on femora as an independent acquisition between Rhopyscelis
gen. n. +
Varipes and Rivudiva, (iv) the spine on subgenital plate as an independent acquisition between Paracloeodes, Rivudiva and Gen. A.
(Re)creating the Nation Online: Nationalism in Chinese Dota 2 Fandom
Authors: Ismangil Milan
Published: September 2018

In August 2016, Wings Gaming won the sixth edition of the International, a tournament for the videogame Dota 2. Wings Gaming, a team consisting of five Chinese players, was praised for bringing honour to China. This article explores various ways in which this Chinese Dota 2 community frames its fandom using nationalistic rhetoric. Teams identified as Chinese represent the country, honouring or disappointing the nation when they square off in tournaments. This article focusses on the everyday experience in this online community, arguing that the way in which people cheer for their teams stems from a nationalistic filter that makes nationalism the normative discourse in the community. A further comparison is made to American social media to discuss the role that truth plays when nationalism is discussed in the daily experience. This study concludes that a combination of factors surrounding the Chinese community creates a form of banal (cold) nationalism, which normalizes and strengthens national truths and myths.
Climate signals from intra-annual wood density fluctuations in Abies durangensis
Authors: González-Cásares Marcos , Pompa-García Marín , Venegas-González Alejandro
Published: September 2018

Ongoing climate change is expected to alter forests by affecting forest productivity, with implications for the ecological functions of these systems. Despite its great dendrochronological potential, little research has been conducted into the use of wood density as a proxy for determining sensitivity to climate variability in Mexico. The response of Abies durangensis Martínez, in terms of wood density and growth ring width, to monthly climatic values (mean temperature, accumulated precipitation and the drought index SPEI) was analyzed through correlation analysis. Abies durangensis presents a high response, in terms of radial growth, to climatic conditions. Tree-ring widths are more sensitive to hydroclimatic variables, whereas wood density values are more sensitive to temperature. In particular, mean (MeanD) and minimum (MND) wood density values are more sensitive to climate than maximum (MXD). We found very marked spatial variations that indicate that A. durangensis responds differently to drought conditions depending on the indices of density.
Two new Haploops species (Crustacea: Gammaridea: Ampeliscidae) from the North Atlantic Ocean: H. bjarnii and H. quebecoisis [Contribution to the knowledge of the Haploops genus. 9.]
Authors: BELLAN-SANTINI D. , KAIM-MALKA R.A. , DAUVIN J.C.
Published: September 2018

Two new Haploops species are described, both from the North Atlantic Ocean: Haploops bjarnii nov. sp. from around the Faeroe Islands and Iceland, and Haploops quebecoisis nov. sp. from the Saint Lawrence Gulf, off Canada. Haploops bjarnii is a species morphologically close to H. islandica Kaim-Malka, Bellan-Santini & Dauvin, 2016. These are two blind Haploops species, with long antennae. Haploops quebecoisis is morphologically similar to H. sibirica Gurjanova 1929, both species having 2 pairs of corneal lenses in the same position. A table of the 75 morphological characters is presented that can be used permitting to distinguish the new species from similar species.
Seven new taxa of Leptodirini (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae) from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: ĆURČIĆ SREĆKO , PAVIĆEVIĆ DRAGAN , VESOVIĆ NIKOLA , MULAOMEROVIĆ JASMINKO , RAĐA TONĆI , ANTIĆ DRAGAN , BOSCO FABRIZIO , MARKOVIĆ ĐORĐE , PETKOVIĆ MATIJA
Published: September 2018

Seven new troglobitic leiodid beetle taxa (six new species and one new subspecies) from several caves and pits in the Balkan Peninsula (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia) are described and diagnosed. Three new species belong to the genus Adelopidius Apfelbeck, 1907, two—to the genus Pholeuonopsis Apfelbeck, 1901, one—to the genus Leonhardia Reitter, 1901, while a new subspecies belongs to the genus Apholeuonus Reitter, 1889. All important morphological characteristics of the new taxa have been mentioned and imaged, including the aspects of the male and female genitalia. The new leiodid taxa are properly distinguished from their relatives and are endemics of the Dinaric mountain chain. A key to Adelopidius taxa is added.
6. Resonance: Euphenics, Medical Genetics, and Rassenhygiene
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

Volotskoi’s ‘Marxist’ critique of Galtonian eugenics, his concept of ‘bio-social’ eugenics, and Florinskii’s ideas that underpinned them. This time, actively popularized by Volotskoi, Florinskii’s treatise proved influential in shaping discussions on the agendas and directions of eugenics and its ‘stepsister,’ genetics, in the Soviet Union, especially the heated debates over the possibility and necessity of creating a distinct ‘proletarian,’ ‘socialist,’ ‘bio-social’ eugenics. It also informed certain policies on marriage and family adopted by the Soviet authorities, including the promulgation of new laws on ‘the protection of health of prospective spouses and their progeny’ and the establishment of ‘marriage consultations.’ If Volotskoi and his like-minded colleagues did not succeed in creating ‘bio-social’ eugenics based on Florinskii’s ideas, it was certainly not for the lack of trying. But just four years after the republication of Florinskii’s treatise, in 1930 eugenics was condemned in the Soviet Union as a ‘bourgeois,’ ‘capitalist,’ ‘fascist’ doctrine. The Russian Eugenics Society dissolved and any references to Florinskii’s treatise vanished from the public scene. A peculiar amalgam of ideas, ideals, concerns, and practices embedded in the very notion of eugenics broke apart. In the next few years, the issues of ‘human perfection’ lost their ‘hereditary component’ and were relegated to the purview of social hygiene, physical and general education, psychology, and pedagogy. At the same time, the problems of ‘human degeneration’ were reduced to ‘hereditary diseases’ that became the subject of a new discipline—medical genetics—established and actively developed by several former members of the now defunct Russian Eugenics Society. During the Great Terror of the late 1930s, however, the institutional base of medical genetics was destroyed. A decade later, in 1948 the entire discipline of genetics was banned in the Soviet Union, as the result of a vicious campaign waged by the notorious agronomist Trofim Lysenko and endorsed personally by the ‘Great Teacher’ Joseph Stalin. In light of these events, it seemed that Florinskii’s treatise was destined to gather dust in some remote library storage forever. But Fate is a fickle mistress. Shortly after Stalin’s death, during the de-Stalinization campaign launched by his successor Nikita Khrushchev in the 1950s and popularly known as the Thaw, medical genetics re-emerged in the Soviet Union. A decade later, both Galton and eugenics were ‘rehabilitated,’ and with them Florinskii and his book re-entered Soviet discourse on human reproduction, heredity, variability, development, and evolution.
Role of Finite-Amplitude Eddies and Mixing in the Life Cycle of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Huang Clare S. Y. , Nakamura Noboru
Published: September 2018

Despite the advances in theories and data availability since the first observation of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in the 1950s, some dynamical aspects of SSWs remain elusive, including the roles of wave transience at finite amplitude and irreversible wave dissipation due to mixing. This is likely due to a limitation of the traditional theory for SSWs that is tailored to small-amplitude waves and is unsuitable for large-scale wave events. To circumvent these difficulties, the authors utilized a novel approach based on finite-amplitude wave activity theory to quantify the roles of finite-amplitude wave transience and mixing in the life cycle of SSWs. In this framework, a departure from the exact nonacceleration relation can be directly attributed to irreversible mixing and diabatic forcings. The results show that prior to the warming event, an increase in pseudomomentum/wave activity largely compensates for the anomalous Eliassen–Palm flux convergence, while the total wave dissipation due to mixing (enstrophy dissipation) and radiative forcing only plays a secondary role. After the vortex breaks down, enhanced mixing increases irreversible wave dissipation and in turn slows down vortex recovery. It is shown that (i) a rapid recovery of the polar vortex is characterized by weak wave transience that follows a nonacceleration relation reversibly and (ii) a delayed recovery is attributed to stronger and more persistent irreversible wave dissipation due to mixing, a deviation from the classical nonacceleration relation. The results highlight the importance of mixing in the asymmetry between breakdown and recovery of the polar vortex during SSWs.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: September 2018

Our historical moment calls for an open, honest, and shame-free debate about the best way to teach about sex and gender in K-12 education, argues Kappan’s editor-in-chief. This issue of the magazine offers pieces on sexual abuse in schools, adolescent sexual health and behavior, the teaching of differing gender norms, gender and school leadership, and more.
Addressing sex discrimination with Title IX coordinators in the #MeToo era
Authors: Meyer Elizabeth J. , Somoza-Norton Andrea
Published: September 2018

Title IX coordinators play an essential role in ensuring that schools are free of gender-based harassment and discrimination; however, a recent survey of coordinators in California and Colorado shows that many of them are poorly equipped to do this work. In their study, Elizabeth J. Meyer and Andrea Somoza-Norton found that contact information for Title IX coordinators is often difficult to find, that their job descriptions are too broad and complex, that they receive insufficient training, and that many are unaware of their role in assisting students, especially transgender students. The authors recommend that the Office of Civil Rights, district leaders, school boards, and Title IX coordinators themselves take action to bring clarity to this work.