bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الموائمة بين الالتزامات الدولية والتشريعات الداخلية للتصدي لجريمة الاتجار بالبشر
Authors: العلواني خالد
Published: March 2023

تعد جريمة الاتجار بالبشر من الجرائم المتعلقة بالانسانية وهي قديمة ترجع في جذورها إلى عصور العبودية والرق التي جعلت الإنسان سلعة يجري تداولها والمساومة على أثمانها في صورة تعبر عن أسوء ما يمكن أن تتعرض له الذات الإنسانية من مهانة، وهذه الجريمة تصنف ضمن الجرائم المنظمة والعابرة للحدود، وكذلك فهي من الجرائم متعددة الصور، ورغم أن هناك من يعتقد بأن مسألة استعباد الناس قد أصبحت في ذمة الماضي قياساً على ما يتردد على مسامع الناس من شعارات تتشدق بحقوق الإنسان وادعاءات السهر على حمايتها مع كثرة المواثيق التي تعنى ظاهراً بحقوق الإنسان وتحظر كل إشكال المعاملة المهينة للذات الإنسانية والمتاجرة بها، إلا أن الحقيقة التي لا يمكن إنكارها هي أنه لازال سلوك الاتجار بالبشر وبصور مستحدثة ماثلاً للعيان ليشكل ضاغطاً إنسانياً باتجاه تبني مواجهة قانونية ضده.

إن مما يتعلق بمحتوى هذه الجريمة وما تنطوي عليه من خطورة تهدد السلم المجتمعي العالمي دفع بإتجاه التصدي لها دولياً عبر مجهود اتسم بالعالمية فأسفر عن تبني التزامات دولية توجب على الدول السير على هداها ومواءمة تشريعاتها الجنائية معها بغية الوصول الى مواجهة فاعلة لهذه الجريمة التي تطال الذات الإنسانية المكرمة فتمتهنها.

إن هذا البحث يحاول وفق منهج استقرائي تحليلي أن يستعرض الجهود الدولية التي أفضت إلى التزامات قانونية توجب المواءمة الداخلية معها، والأساس القانوني الموجب لتحقيق المواءمة، ومدى تعاطي الدول مع هذا الالتزام، منطلقاً من فرضية مفادها أن الاهتمام الدولي المشترك بهذا الموضوع قد دفع الدول لمواءمة ولو نظرية بين تشريعاتها الداخلية والتزاماتها الدولية بصدده.

الكلمات المفتاحية: القانون الدولي، الاتجار بالبشر، الجريمة المنظمة، الاتفاقيات الدولية، حقوق الانسان
أثر تغيير الجنس في مسائل الأحوال الشخصية
Authors: ناصر عادل
Published: March 2023

ن الجنس شيء لا يختاره الإنسان، إنما هو حكمة من الله تعالى وهو الذي خلق الإنسان على جنسين هما الذكر والأنثى لا ثالث لهما، وكلف كل منهما بواجبات تختلف عن الآخر وحسب طبيعة كل منهما، ويختلف معيار تمييز جنس الإنسان في الطب عنه في الفقه، حيث يتم تمييز جنس الإنسان في الفقه عند الولادة ، أما في الطب فيتم التمييز من خلال معايير ظاهرة مختلفة منها الهرمونات والغدد والكروموسومات، وقد يحدث بعض اضطرابات بالهوية الجنسية، فيتولد لديه شعور بأنه ينتمي إلى الجنس الآخر ويخضع لرغبات الشيطان، حيث يقدم الشخص على تغيير جنسه من خلال أخذ هرمونات الجنس الآخر ثم التدخل الجراحي، فيصبح إنساناً مسخاً فلا هو ذكر ولا هو أنثى، هذا ما يعرف بعملية تغيير الجنس، وهذا التغيير لو حصل فإنه يؤثر على مسائل الأحوال الشخصية.

الكلمات المفتاحية: تغيير الجنس، أثر تغيير الجنس، مسائل الأحوال الشخصية، تصحيح الجنس، تحويل الجنس
نظرات في قانون الوكالة التجارية رقم 79 لسنة 2017
Authors: عبد الجبار رسل
Published: March 2023

تعد الوكالة التجارية من العقود التجارية المهمة على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي لإتاحة الفرصة لأي تاجر او منتج للبحث عن من يقوم مقامه لتصريف منتجاته لعدم او قلة درايته بالطلب وحاجات المستهلكين، فظهرت الحاجة للوكيل التجاري للقيام بالأعمال التجارية بدلا عن الموكل فنظم ذلك بقانون تنظيم الوكالة التجارية رقم 79 لسنة 2017 وما سبقه من قوانين ملغاة كالقانون رقم 51 لسنة 2000، ومن خلال بحثنا بالقوانين السابقة والنافذة وبعض القوانين المقارنة تم التعرف على مفهوم الوكالة التجارية وخصائصها وتمييزها عن الوكالة المدنية لوحدة المضمون وانتهائها واثارها القانونية العامة والخاصة فضلا عن بيان مفهوم الوكيل التجاري والشروط الواجب توافرها فيه.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الوكالة التجارية، الوكيل التجاري، الموكل، قانون الوكالة التجارية، تنظيم الوكالة التجارية.
انتهاكات الشركات العسكرية الأمنية الخاصة لقانوني الدولي الإنساني وحقوق الإنسان - العراق إنموذجاً
Authors: مظلوم احمد
Published: March 2023

قد سُنَّتِ القوانين والانظمة الوطنية والدولية من أجل حماية ورعاية الانسان والحفاظ على حقوقه، وعدم التجاوز عليها، بغض النظر عن انتمائه الديني والقومي وبغض النظر عن لون الجنس والعرق. وقد نتج عن تطور أساليب القتل والنزاعات المسلحة وانتهاء الحرب الباردة اوائل التسعينيات من القرن الماضي، أن الدول وجيوشها النظامية لم تعد الوحيدة في ساحة الميادين المسلحة، حيث ظهرت على الساحة الدولية وخط المواجهة، الشركات العسكرية والأمنية الخاصة، والتي تقدم خدماتها الأمنية واللوجستية للدول بناء على عقود تبرم بينهم .

الا أن هذه الشركات انخرطت في اداء مهام امنية اثناء النزاعات المسلحة ويشمل هذا الانخراط حماية الافراد والمعدات والمنشآت العسكرية, وتدريب القوات المسلحة , وتزويد الاجهزة الامنية بالمعلومات , وصيانة الاسلحة , واستجواب المشتبه بهم او السجناء , وهذه المهام من صميم القوات العسكرية , ومن ثَمَّ يعد ظهور تلك الشركات وتنامي دورها في النزاعات المسلحة وما قامت به من انتهاكات صارمة لقواعد القانون الدولي الانساني والذي كان بلدنا بلد وادي الرافدين (العراق) مسرحاً لأغلب تلك الشركات تثير تساؤلات ومشكلات كثيرة على المستوى الامني والقانوني

الكلمات المفتاحية: الشركات الامنية , الانتهاكات , الانساني , الاتفاقيات
نفقـة الزوجـة غير الناشز"تعليق على قرار قضائي"
Authors: محمد بارق
Published: March 2023

حكم نفقة الزوجة غير الناشز على زوجها هو الوجوب إذا تحققت شروطه وانتفت موانعه, وتصبح ديناً في ذمته وتتراكم في ايام عدم الانفاق, ولا تسقط النفقة المتراكمة بالطلاق أو الوفاة وانما تسقط بالأداء أو الإبراء, وللزوجة حق مقاضاة زوجها المتمكن مالياً والممتنع عن الانفاق لإجباره على الانفاق او التفريق القضائي, إذا اختارت الزوجة التفريق, ولها حق الاستدانة على حساب الزوج في حالة غيابه وعدم وجود مال له تنفق منه على نفسها وأولادها لأكثر من سنة إذا كان عدم المطالبة بعذر مشروع تثبته الزوجة لمحكمة الموضوع.

الكلمات المفتاحية: نفقة، زوجة، ناشز، ماضية، دين ، مستمرة، تراكم، امتناع.
Líneas-estructuras de investigación: sinergia clave para la administración de la ciencia en las universidades
Authors: Bastidas-Terán Felipe
Published: March 2023

La misión social de las universidades es la generación de conocimiento en concordancia con las metas y requerimientos de las sociedades en las que se inscriben; sin embargo, esto sigue siendo un reto por cumplir mediante una adecuada administración de la ciencia y la investigación, ya que en la universidad ―desde sus orígenes medievales hasta el presente― prevalece el rol y la actividad docente en detrimento de las actividades de investigación y generación de conocimiento. Para equilibrar las actividades de investigación, docencia y extensión en las universidades, en tiempos recientes se han creado estándares y criterios básicos en los sistemas de acreditaciones nacionales e internacionales centrados primordialmente en parámetros más amplios y cónsonos con su misión social de producción intelectual pertinente con su contexto. Estos mismos criterios se están usando para la dotación de recursos por parte del Estado y otros patrocinantes de la ciencia. En este artículo se expone cómo la sinergia líneas-estructuras de investigación es el soporte clave de la administración de la ciencia y la investigación para unificar esfuerzos y superar los obstáculos del docentismo, el burocratismo y la mercantilización de la educación universitaria, en procura de una cultura investigativa pertinente.
Desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales a través del arte teatral online para niños y niñas en contextos hospitalarios de Chile en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Sánchez Duque Carmen Gloria
Published: March 2023

El presente texto expone una investigación que se propuso comprobar si a través de una propuesta de intervención artística se potencia el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales en los niños y niñas de aulas hospitalarias a fin de que adquieran un aprendizaje emocional que les ayude a desenvolverse de mejor manera en el contexto de pandemia. Se trabajó con una metodología cualitativa por medio del diseño de investigación-acción para desarrollar una mediación artístico-teatral online con énfasis en estrategias provenientes de la pedagogía teatral y la utilización de tecnología de la educación; los participantes de esta investigación fueron profesores, padres, madres y niños y niñas que integran dos aulas hospitalarias de Chile. Como instrumentos de recogida de datos se utilizaron grupos de discusión en red, entrevistas y expresiones gráficas; se realizó un análisis temático y de contenido que arrojó como resultado que el arte en la educación es una metodología acorde a las necesidades e intereses de los estudiantes/ pacientes, integrando en estos el aprendizaje emocional, cognitivo y psicomotor; asimismo, el arte motiva el buen clima de aula, potencia la sana convivencia y estimula la acción docente, que precisó de reestructuraciones dadas las condiciones en tiempos de la pandemia de Covid-19.
Az angol és magyar rendészet és büntető igazságszolgáltatás történetének kezdetei
Authors: Borszéki Judit , Sallai János
Published: March 2023

Aim: The aim of the study is to explore, analyse and compare the beginnings of English and Hungarian policing, the system of public administration that comprised it, and the characteristics of criminal justice from the Middle Ages to the establishment of professional police organisations.Methodology: The publication relies on the relevant literature in English and Hungarian and on a wide range of sources. Among other things, it uses data from a work on the history of the police in a small town near Liverpool, based on original sources.Findings: Historical specificities determine the development of a country’s law enforcement institutions. This is the main explanation for the many similarities between English and Hungarian organisations and institutions in pursuance of examining the medieval history of law enforcement. However, due to the different pace of industrial and civil development, and the preservation of feudal relations in Hungary, there are significant differences in the formation of English and Hungarian professional police organisations. In the United Kingdom, the various decentralised police forces were created as a grassroots initiative based on the demand of the citizens, while in Hungary the centralised state police was created from above (otherwise using the London model). This certainly played (plays) a role in the different perception of the police in the two countries, too.Value: Although there are relatively many studies on the prehistory of Western European countries’ police forces, and for some time this has also been true for the history of Hungarian policing, there is relatively scarce comparative historical research. And the specific topic under discussion here has, to the authors’ knowledge, never been examined in such detail.
Fracture on Greater Horn of the Hyoid Bone
Authors: İŞAT Gökhan , ALTUNOK İbrahim , ÖZDEMİR Serdar
Published: March 2023

The primary symptom of a hyoid bone fracture is a sharp pain that increases with swallowing, coughing, and speaking in front of the neck. Closed hyoid fractures may be asymptomatic or may be missed in the presence of multiple injuries. It may cause clinical findings such as difficulty in swallowing and speaking, pain, limitation in mouth opening. Soft and hard tissue manifestations of neck trauma should be carefully evaluated. If there is a strong clinical suspicion of organ damage, ancillary diagnostic methods such as computed tomography, direct nasolaryngoscopy, pharyngoscopy, and laryngobronchoscopy may be useful to exclude or confirm the possibility of injury.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMARTPHONE CAMERA IN THE MEASURES OF NARROW STREET FACADES
Authors: Aldelgawy Mohammed
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to perform metric measurements of narrow street façades using single image captured by smartphone’s camera. Since tight area accompanied by narrow street limits object to camera distance, object lines perpendicular to façade do not appear in image and consequently their vanishing point (VP) is hard to detect. Accordingly, semi-automated MATLAB® application was designed depending only on two orthogonal VPs. Novelty of work comes from using smartphone as a cost and time efficient tool for measurements, depending only on two VPs, and applying image line refinement approach exploiting detected VPs. Three single images were captured by three different smartphones. Then, undistorted single images were formed after calibrating cameras. Image lines for horizontal and vertical object lines were extracted semi-automatically. Two VPs were detected applying two models: Model-I solves for vanishing points’ Cartesian coordinates, whereas Model-II solves for angle coordinate peaks of histogram. Image line refinement approach was applied before applying cross-ratio using one horizontal and one vertical reference lines to calculate object lengths of 46 check lines (horizontal and vertical). Proposed models provided reliable and comparable results. Applying line refinement approach improved solution with best overall accuracy of 0.010 m and 0.011 m for Model-I and Model-II, respectively.
Origin of Quasi-periodic Pulsation at the Base of a Kink-unstable Jet
Authors: Mishra Sudheer K. , Sangal Kartika , Kayshap Pradeep , Jelínek Petr , Srivastava A. K. , Rajaguru S. P.
Published: March 2023

We studied a blowout jet that occurred at the west limb of the Sun on 2014 August 29 using high-resolution imaging/spectroscopic observations provided by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. An inverse γ-shaped flux rope appeared before the jet–morphological indication of the onset of kink instability. The twisted field lines of the kink-unstable flux rope reconnected at its bright knot and launched the blowout jet at ≈06:30:43 UT with an average speed of 234 km s−1. Just after the launch, the northern leg of the flux rope erupted completely. The time–distance diagrams show multiple spikes or bright dots, which is the result of periodic fluctuations, i.e., quasi-periodic fluctuations (QPPs). The wavelet analysis confirms that QPPs have a dominant period of ≈3 minutes. IRIS spectra (Si iv, C ii, and Mg ii) may also indicate the occurrence of magnetic reconnection through the existence of broad and complex profiles and bidirectional flows in the jet. Further, we found that line broadening is periodic with a period of ≈3 minutes, and plasma upflow always occurs when the line width is high, i.e., multiple reconnection may produce periodic line broadening. The emission measure (EM) curves also show the same period of ≈3 minutes in different temperature bins. The images and EM show that this jet spire is mainly cool (chromospheric/transition region) rather than hot (coronal) material. Further, line broadening, intensity, and EM curves have a period of ≈3 minutes, which strongly supports the fact that multiple magnetic reconnection triggers QPPs in the blowout jet.
A High-resolution Optical Survey of Upper Sco: Evidence for Coevolution of Accretion and Disk Winds
Authors: Fang Min , Pascucci Ilaria , Edwards Suzan , Gorti Uma , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Carpenter John M.
Published: March 2023

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and photoevaporative winds are thought to play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of planet-forming disks. Here, we analyze high-resolution (Δv ∼ 7 km s−1) optical spectra from a sample of 115 T Tauri stars in the ∼5–10 Myr Upper Sco association and focus on the [O i] λ6300 and Hα lines to trace disk winds and accretion, respectively. Our sample covers a large range of spectral types and we divide it into warm (G0-M3) and cool (later than M3) to facilitate comparison with younger regions. We detect the [O i] λ6300 line in 45 out of 87 Upper Sco sources with protoplanetary disks and 32 out of 45 are accreting based on Hα profiles and equivalent widths. All [O i] λ6300 Upper Sco profiles have low-velocity (centroid < −30 km s−1; low-velocity component (LVC)) emission and most (36/45) can be fit by a single Gaussian (SC). The single-component (SC) distribution of centroid velocities and FWHMs is consistent with MHD disk winds. We also find that the Upper Sco sample follows the same accretion luminosity−LVC [O i] λ6300 relation and the same anticorrelation between SC FWHM and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W3-W4 spectral indices as the younger samples. These results indicate that accretion and disk winds coevolve and that, as inner disks clear out, wind emission arises further away from the star. Finally, our large spectral range coverage reveals that cool stars have larger FWHMs normalized by stellar mass than warm stars indicating that [O i] λ6300 emission arises closer in toward lower-mass/lower luminosity stars.
A Multiwavelength Classification and Study of Red Supergiant Candidates in NGC 6946
Authors: Johnson Jared R. , Koplitz Brad , Williams Benjamin F. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Dolphin Andrew , Girardi Léo
Published: March 2023

We have combined resolved stellar photometry from Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Spitzer, and Gaia to identify red supergiant (RSG) candidates in NGC 6946, based on their colors, proper motions, visual morphologies, and spectral energy distributions. We start with a large sample of 17,865 RSG candidates based solely on HST near-infrared photometry. We then chose a small sample of 385 of these candidates with Spitzer matches for a more detailed study. Using evolutionary models and isochrones, we isolate a space where RSGs would be found in our photometry catalogs. We then visually inspect each candidate and compare them to Gaia catalogs to identify and remove foreground stars. As a result, we classify 95 potential RSGs, with 40 of these being in our highest-quality sample. We fit the photometry of the populations of stars in the regions surrounding the RSGs to infer their ages. Placing our best candidate RSG stars into three age bins between 1 and 30 Myr, we find 27.5% of the candidates falling between 1–10 Myr, 37.5% between 10–20 Myr, and 35% between 20–30 Myr. A comparison of our results to the models of massive star evolution shows some agreement between model luminosities and the luminosities of our candidates for each age. Three of our candidates appear significantly more consistent with binary models than single-star evolution models.
A Deep-learning Anomaly-detection Method to Identify Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Ratemeters of the AGILE Anticoincidence System
Authors: Parmiggiani N. , Bulgarelli A. , Ursi A. , Macaluso A. , Di Piano A. , Fioretti V. , Aboudan A. , Baroncelli L. , Addis A. , Tavani M. , Pittori C.
Published: March 2023

Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini Leggero (AGILE) is a space mission launched in 2007 to study X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The AGILE team developed real-time analysis pipelines to detect transient phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and react to external science alerts received by other facilities. The AGILE anticoincidence system (ACS) comprises five panels surrounding the AGILE detectors to reject background-charged particles. It can also detect hard X-ray photons in the energy range 50–200 keV. The ACS data acquisition produces a time series for each panel. The time series are merged into a single multivariate time series (MTS). We present a new deep-learning model for the detection of GRBs in the ACS data using an anomaly detection technique. The model is implemented with a convolutional neural network autoencoder architecture trained in an unsupervised manner, using a data set of MTSs randomly extracted from the AGILE ACS data. The reconstruction error of the autoencoder is used as the anomaly score to classify the MTS. We calculated the associated p-value distribution, using more than 107 background-only MTSs, to define the statistical significance of the detections. We evaluate the trained model with a list of GRBs reported by the GRBWeb catalog. The results confirm the model’s capabilities to detect GRBs in the ACS data. We will implement this method in the AGILE real-time analysis pipeline.
A Study of Preflare Solar Coronal Magnetic Fields: Magnetic Energy and Helicity
Authors: Duan Aiying , Jiang Chaowei , Feng Xueshang
Published: March 2023

Solar flares fall into two types, with eruptive ones associated with coronal mass ejection (CME) and confined ones without CME. To explore whether there are preflare conditions in terms of magnetic energy and helicity that can effectively determine the types of flares, here we analyzed a suite of related parameters of the reconstructed preflare coronal magnetic field of major solar flares, either eruptive or confined, from 2011 to 2017 near the solar disk center. The investigated parameters include extensive-type quantities such as the total magnetic energy E

T
, the potential energy E

P
, the free energy E

F
, the relative helicity H

R
, and the nonpotential helicity H

J
, as well as the intensive-type indices E

F
/E

P
, ∣H

J
/H

R
∣,

∣

H

R

/

ϕ

′
2

∣

, and

∣

H

J

/

ϕ

′
2

∣

, where

ϕ

′

is half of the total unsigned magnetic flux. We have the following key findings: (1) None of the extensive parameters can effectively distinguish the eruptive and confined potential of the preflare coronal fields, though the confined events have averagely larger values. (2) All the intensive parameters have significantly larger average and median values for eruptive flares than the confined events, which indicates that the field for eruptive flares has overall higher degree of nonpotentiality and complexity than that of the confined flares. (3) The energy ratio E

F
/E

P
and the normalized nonpotential helicity

∣

H

J

/

ϕ

′
2

∣

, which are strongly correlated with each other, have among the highest capability of distinguishing the fields that possibly produce a major eruptive or confined flare, as over 75% of all the events are successfully discriminated between eruptive and confined flares by using critical values of E

F
/E

P
≥ 0.27 and

∣

H

J

/

ϕ

′
2

∣
≥
0.009

.
Productivity and impact of the Unisinos' Postgraduate Program in Biology and the consequences of its interruption for Brazilian science
Authors: Boll Piter , Krüger Lucas
Published: March 2023

On 22 July 2022, the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), a private institution in southern Brazil, announced the interruption of 12 of its postgraduate programs, including the Postgraduate Program of Biology (PPG Biologia), whose professors founded the journal Neotropical Biology and Conservation. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of papers published by PPG Biologia in the past 20 years to assess its impact on biological research at a national level. The number of publications and citations increased constantly over the years, with publications growing exponentially. Although most collaborations with other research programs occurred inside Brazil, a significant number of studies were co-authored by researchers from other countries from at least four continents. The main research lines focused on biological sciences, ecology, sociology, education, environmental sciences, and genetics. Despite being affected by the decrease in research funding and the reduction of personnel, PPG Biologia kept its high impact score according to the national evaluation, above that of most programs in private universities. With a team of renowned researchers working on different and sometimes unique research lines, the interruption of PPG Biologia will harm the progress of biological research and conservation across the Neotropical realm.
Description of one new species of the genus Orthozona Hampson, 1895 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) from China
Authors: Zhao Ting-Ting , Zhang Xin-Yu , Han Hui-Lin
Published: March 2023

A new species of the genus Orthozona Hampson, 1895, O. parallelilineatasp. nov., is described from China. The new species is illustrated with images of adults and genitalia, and it is compared to similar species, O. quadrilineata and Paracolax curvilineata. A distribution map of this new species is also presented.
On inextensible ruled surfaces generated via a curve derived from a curve with constant torsion
Authors: Yüksel Nural , Saltık Burçin
Published: March 2023

If both the arc length and the intrinsic curvature of a curve or surface are preserved, then the flow of the curve or surface is said to be inextensible. The absence of motion-induced strain energy is the physical characteristic of inextensible curve and surface flows. In this paper, we study inextensible tangential, normal and binormal ruled surfaces generated by a curve with constant torsion, which is also called a Salkowski curve. We investigate whether or not these surfaces are minimal or can be developed. In addition, we prove some theorems which are related to inextensible ruled surfaces within three-dimensional Euclidean space.
Optimal Product Design: Implications for Competition and Growth Under Declining Search Frictions
Authors: Menzio Guido
Published: March 2023

As search frictions in the market for a consumer product decline, buyers are able to locate and access more and more sellers. In response, sellers choose to design varieties of the product that are more and more specialized in order to take advantage of the heterogeneity in buyers' preferences. I find conditions on the fundamentals of the market under which the increase in specialization exactly offsets the decline in search frictions. Under these conditions, the extent of competition and the extent of price dispersion remain constant over time even though search frictions are vanishing. Buyer's surplus and seller's profit, however, grow over time at a constant endogenous rate, as the increase in specialization allows sellers to cater better and better to the preferences of individual buyers.
"Representing kink: Fringe sexuality and textuality in literature, digital narrative, and popular culture," edited by Sara K. Howe and Susan E. Cook
Authors: Alberto Maria K.
Published: March 2023

Sara K. Howe and Susan E. Cook, editors, Representing kink: Fringe sexuality and textuality in literature, digital narrative, and popular culture. Washington, DC: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019; paperback, $39.99 (194p), ISBN 9781498590877; hardcover, $95 (194p), ISBN 9781498590853.
Could motion be space-time expanding and contracting?
Authors: De Silva Frank
Published: March 2023

Abstract The author William Stukeley of Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton’s Life published in 1752 wrote: “…After dinner, the weather being warm, we went into the garden and drank thea, under the shade of some apple trees…he told me, he was just
in the same situation, as when formerly, the notion of gravitation came into his mind. It was occasion’d by the fall of an apple, as he sat in contemplative mood. Why should that apple always descend perpendicularly to the ground, thought he to himself….” Newton seeing this
apple fall formulated gravity and went on to show that the movement of the moon and planets and other heavenly bodies is due to the same force. What if Newton had instead seen Galaxies moving due to an expanding universe, would he have then wondered if the apple falling, and all movement is
due to an expanding universe? This short essay introduces a simple thought experiment to analyze this possibility. It concludes that if such is the case the passage of time and the expansion of the universe is the one and the same.
A Euclidean geometric model that has a maximum speed c
Authors: Zheng Wenhui
Published: March 2023

Introduce a standard Euclidean geometric model with a maximum speed c, which may help us understand why the speed of light c is the universe's maximum speed, why parameter c is a constant, and the geometric mechanism that causes time dilation and length contraction.
Finally, based on this model, this paper will present a new coordinate transformation and general velocity addition formula. The new general velocity addition formula is not only consistent with the Michelson‐Morley experiment but also consistent with the one-way speed of light experiment
and the linear Sagnac experiment.
Further considerations about light and gravity in terms of classical mechanics
Authors: Curran Michael James
Published: March 2023

Explanations are proposed for several light behaviors using classical mechanics. The Planck‐Einstein relation is the starting point. A careful inspection reveals that this relationship has two dynamic interacting entities. One is a free (moving) photon, fp ,
represented by its angular frequency, ω. The other is a proposed, resting, independent, electromagnetic field denoted by the reduced Planck constant ħ, which is the product of energy and period. Consistent with these entities are several proposals supported by well-established
equations. They include the presence of a hidden factor that allows for the photon’s internal dynamics, a more precise description of the electromagnetic interactions of gravity with light, the mechanism behind Fraunhofer diffraction, the role of gravity in the fine structure constant,
the role of gravity in the refraction of light and its implications for relativity, and the mechanism of Fermat’s principle.
Comment on “Bell tests explained by classical optics without quantum entanglement” by Dean L. Mamas [Phys. Essays 34, 340 (2021)]
Authors: Gill Richard D.
Published: March 2023

In a paper published in the journal [Phys. Essays 34, 340 (2021)], Mamas writes “A polarized photon interacts with a polarizer through the component of the photon's electric field which is aligned with the polarizer. This component varies as the cosine of the angle through
which the polarizer is rotated, explaining the cosine observed in Bell test data. Quantum mechanics is unnecessary and plays no role”. Mamas is right that according to this physical model, one will observe a negative cosine. However, the amplitude of the cosine curve is 50%, not 100%,
and it consequently does not violate any Bell-CHSH inequality. Mamas' physical model is a classic local hidden variables model. The result is illustrated with a Monte Carlo simulation.
Velocity of light through a moving medium applied to the Fizeau experiment
Authors: Filipescu Filip Dambi
Published: March 2023

Light travels in a moving medium through densities that differ from the density of that medium at rest. This study derives a formula for the velocity of light through a moving medium for any direction of light propagation that, applied to the Fizeau experiment, gives a fringe shift
of 0.23541. The Fresnel drag coefficient applied to the Fizeau experiment offers a fringe shift of 0.20466. The mean of 0.23016 for the fringe shift observations in the Fizeau experiment confirms both expectations.
Community Colleges and Universities in the Arab Countries
Authors: Abdelgwad Mohamed Hassan
Published: March 2023

A community college, sometimes referred to as a junior college or technical college, is a taxpayer-supported two-year institution of higher education. The term “community” is at the heart of the mission of the community college. These schools offer a level of accessibility—in terms of time, money, and geography—that cannot be found at most liberal arts colleges and private universities. Community colleges are common in many different Arab countries, and just recently established within other countries. It is mostly responsible for graduating effective technicians in different disciplines. In addition, it plays an important role for students' manipulation for university enrollment in different Arab countries. Through this chapter there are many points and views relevant to concept, initiation, academic programs, employability, job destination, and benchmarking versus global community colleges.
Education, Community, Industry
Authors: Thoron Andrew Charles , Barrick R. Kirby
Published: March 2023

Agricultural and economic development in Arab countries is dependent upon having a well-prepared agricultural workforce. Among the components that are central to that mission are the utilization of an active and supportive external advisory committee and the incorporation of real-life, hands-on experiences for students through internships. This chapter provides background information to assist school and college administrators in establishing and maintaining an advisory committee as well as guidance for school and college personnel to incorporate student internships into the curricula.
Improving Teaching and Learning of Ornamental and Medicinal Plants in the Arab Countries
Authors: El-Hanafy Safia Hamdy
Published: March 2023

This chapter sheds light on the main features of education in the universities of Arab countries. Limitations and obstacles were highlighted, with presentation of non-controversial keys for their resolution. The language used in education is largely discussed to reveal the great significance of using the Arabic language in the Arabic world. The discussion reveals clearly how this issue can guarantee easy and perfect education, keeping in mind that this is the situation in all advanced countries who are sticking to their national languages in education. The chapter demonstrates the nature of ornamental and medicinal plants as an application for the intended aim, together with highlighting their significance for human being. Expansion of essential knowledge in the field of ornamental and medicinal plants was also demonstrated. The economic significance of these plants was also mentioned.
The Reasons for Financial Failure and Bankruptcy
Authors: Şendur Yeşim
Published: March 2023

In today's rapidly globalizing and digitalizing world, many factors may cause businesses to fail. Financial crises and corporate scandals experienced in the developed financial markets have resulted in the bankruptcies of many companies like Lehman Brothers, Enron, Parmalat, Wirecard, etc. Financial failure can be defined as the business's inability to meet its obligations to lenders. When financial failure is unmanageable, some companies may become bankrupt. The purpose of this study is to figure out the causes of business failure. The factors that may lead to business failure have been separately revealed in this context. Mismanagement is one of the main reasons for financial failure. A company can also fail if it cannot generate more returns than its fixed costs. In addition, the wrong merger and acquisition decision of a firm that has reached a certain maturity may be the reason for failure. Failure to comply with corporate governance principles, which aim to increase the efficiency of businesses, is also a probable reason for failure.
Analysis of B2B Blockchain Apps Using Hyperledgers and Their Implications in This Digital Era
Authors: D. Jeya Mala , N. Priya , A. Pradeep Reynold
Published: March 2023

In this digital era, at most 80-90% of business transactions are digitized using different mechanisms. In the case of businesses and financial institutions, such digitization poses both merits as well as challenges. Nowadays, the IT industries are focusing on providing a trustworthy solution, namely blockchain-based applications, to provide secured online transactions. This blockchain technology provides a comprehensive solution to B2B applications by providing support to process information across organizations in a highly secured manner. In blockchain, these kinds of secured online transactions are achieved using hyperledgers. In particular, the hyperledger is decentralized as it is replicated across the entire network for all the participants to collaborate in a secured manner. In this chapter, an analysis of the application of hyperledgers in B2B blockchain apps to and their implications in this digital era is provided.
Evaluation of the Concordation Process in Turkey in Terms of Tax Applications
Authors: Kayacık Cihan
Published: March 2023

Any debtor who cannot pay his debts even though they are due or is in danger of not being able to pay on time can request a concordat. In the concordat process, tax-related practices and results concern more than one area. Therefore, it would be useful to consider the tax consequences of the concordat application as a whole. In addition, the concordat process will be discussed in terms of debtor and creditor. The consequences of the concordat by the creditor are in some cases “doubtful debt” and generally “worthless credit” being accepted and written off as an expense. In terms of the debtor, the resulting amount of “withdrawal receivable” must be followed in a provision account for three years and amortized with the losses incurred in these years. In addition, according to Article 308/g of the Execution and Bankruptcy Law, it also provides privileges in terms of fees, stamp duty, and BITT. However, the concordat decision accepted by the court is not obligatory for public receivables within the scope of Law No. 6183.
Formulation of Altman's Index (AIN) and Financial Performance Index (FPI)
Authors: Roy Debasish
Published: March 2023

This chapter's objectives are two-fold: first, to technically modify Altman's model and formulate Altman's index (AIN) in such a manner that only two out of five stipulated financial ratios would suffice the major purpose of projection of soundness of any business organization's financial health; and second, to formulate a financial performance index (FPI) consisting of five financial ratios treated as independent variables that would help to provide a holistic overview of a firm's performance regardless of its functional domain. Since the much-discussed and strongly valid issue of non-normality is closely associated with the financial ratios in the macroeconomic perspective (group of industries), in order to avoid the underlying controversy, the microeconomic approach is followed considering a single firm, Wal-Mart, primarily for two reasons: first, for its financial soundness and, second, it can be used for a comparative study with a financially bankrupt firm by using the financial ratios as common variables to derive the “specific” condition for bankruptcy.
VLSI Implementation of a High-Speed Pipeline A/D Converter
Authors: Kiran B.  , Raghu N.  , Manjunatha K. N.
Published: March 2023

In very large-scale-integrated (VLSI) design, a challenge is to increase the speed without compromising the power consumption in an analog and mixed mode signal circuit. This research work is carried out to design a 12-bit pipeline A/D converter (ADC) of 400MS/s sampling rate to meet the high computing requirements. The design is focused to determine high speed and resolution in pipeline ADC to cater different applications. The main advantages of pipeline method are simple to implement, more flexible to improve the speed, and makes layout design simple. A proposed technique holds sample and hold circuit (S/H), multiplying DAC, comparator, and operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) to design the pipeline ADC architecture. OTA is used to convert differential input voltage into current with the help of a switched capacitor integrator module.
Design of Efficient VLSI Architecture and Implementation of Power-Optimized Turbo Decoder for LTE Networks
Authors: Manjunatha K. N.  , Raghu N.  , Kiran B.
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores model, design, and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation to optimize turbo decoder using standard cell library of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). Various constraints like channel noise, iteration, and frame length performance are analyzed and estimated through reference models. Register transfer language (RTL) model for encoder and decoder are simulated and synthesized by hardware description language (HDL). The ASIC implementation with various performance parameters like power and speed are considered to evaluate the proposed algorithm on decoder blocks. In the proposed low power turbo decoder, novel techniques like clock gating and adaptable iteration methods are used. This work proved the energy efficiency through elimination of unwanted iteration and early stopping mechanism. The results are compared with other competent researches and show that power dissipation is reduced by 34% with adaptable data rates for LTE standard wireless applications.
Struggles, Potential, and Research Angles in the Amalgamation of Blockchain Technology With 6G Networks
Authors: Ismail Firdous Sadaf Mohammad , Mushtaque Sadaf Gauhar Mohammad , Adane Dattatraya
Published: March 2023

The world is experiencing a dramatic transformation as a result of the emergence of intellectual information technology among the main industries where high-end user engagement is anticipated to boost service qualities in all fields. Blockchain is one of the most brilliant technology enablers to overcome most of the current limitations and provide the functional needs of 6G. This chapter examines the importance of blockchain in tackling pressing 6G concerns as well as potential future applications and new research fields like artificial intelligence, data storage and analytics, and internet of everything. In addition to offering a solitary answer for application security and privacy, blockchain also has its own unique set of security and privacy flaws. This chapter examines the advantages, drawbacks, and possible routes for getting through the obstacles associated with using blockchain in 6G.
Pesticides
Authors: Shoeb Mohammad , Nahar Nilufar
Published: March 2023

Pesticides are chemical compounds that are toxic and are used to control different types of pests and uncontrolled growth of weeds for plant protection in crop production and food storage. A large number of pesticides are being used all over the world. Pesticides play a great role in food security. Crop production has been increased by controlling insect attack, removing weeds by herbicides, controlling crop loss by rodenticides. To get a high yield of products, a higher amount of fertilizers is also needed. The growth of plants is associated with the growth of weeds by which nutrients for the plants are consumed by herbs. So higher amounts of herbicides are also needed to remove herbs as traditional weed removal by humans has become expensive. The residue of pesticides in the foodstuff is reducing food safety as well as a threat to the environment. Pesticides are ubiquitous in the environment and are found in air, soil, and water. Judicial and sustainable use of pesticides is required for food security and ensuring a healthy environment.
Promoting Humanitarian Engineering Approaches for Earthquake-Resilient Housing in Indonesia
Authors: Pribadi Krishna Suryanto , Abduh Muhamad , Kusumaningrum Patria , Hasiholan Budi , Wirahadikusumah Reini D. , Milyardi Roi
Published: March 2023

Indonesia is an earthquake-prone country. In many earthquakes, the housing sector suffers the most damage. Repairing and rebuilding houses is often the most expensive part of post-disaster recovery, placing a burden on the government. Standards and guidelines for earthquake-resilient houses exist, yet houses continue to be damaged in earthquake events. Although Indonesia has numerous engineers, both experienced and newly qualified, only a few are interested in pursuing and identifying affordable solutions to the housing problems caused by earthquakes that are sustainable and resilient. Moreover, people are unaware of and unable to implement the proposed and promoted solutions. With many people living in earthquake-prone areas with little access to affordable and appropriate technology, the challenge facing Indonesia today is to produce more engineers who have the level of sensitivity, empathy, and passion required to address this great humanitarian need. The promotion of humanitarian engineering to provide appropriate solutions must start early on in higher engineering education.
Physiotherapy Education in the Digital Era
Authors: Tomé Ana , Coelho José L
Published: March 2023

The area of physiotherapy education has entered the digital era where teachers and students are provided with new teaching and learning paradigms. Comparable with other disciplines, the technology integration into physical therapy practice and curriculum is expected to deliver both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to explore the expanding role of educational technologies in physiotherapy education and training. Uncovering the enablers and barriers of delivering physical therapy knowledge and skills using instructional technologies may help academic institutions in improving problem-solving and clinical reasoning skills among students. This chapter focused on emerging digital tools and platforms, such as virtual learning environments, massive open online courses, virtual reality, digital games and gamification, and simulation. The roadmap of educational technologies provided here raises attention to the integration of new and innovative technology solutions into physiotherapy education.
Rethinking the Continuous Education and Training of Healthcare Professionals in the Context of Digital Technologies
Authors: Alberto da Silva Carlos , Almeida Rui Pedro Pereira , Abrantes António Fernando , Azevedo Kevin Barros , Vicente Bianca , Carvalheira Francisca , Flores Eurico José Ribeiro , Mestre Tatiana
Published: March 2023

The healthcare industry is rapidly evolving with new technologies and treatments being developed all the time. This trend means that healthcare professionals must continuously educate themselves to stay current in their field and provide the best possible care to their patients. However, the traditional models of continuing education and training are not always well suited to the fast-paced nature of the healthcare industry. Digital technologies have the potential to revolutionize the way that healthcare professionals are educated and trained. Online courses, virtual simulations, and other interactive learning tools offer a flexible way for professionals to stay current in their field. Therefore, considering that digital instructional technologies could provide a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, this chapter intends to explore the potential of using an educational tool (Moodle), providing the concrete experience of our educational group in the design and implementation of curricular units for teaching health professionals through e-learning methods.
Emerging Advancement of 3D Bioprinting Technology in Modern Medical Science and Vascular Tissue Engineering Education
Authors: Barua Ranjit , Sarkar Anwita , Datta Sudipto
Published: March 2023

Congenital heart defect interventions may benefit from the fabrication of patient-specific vascular grafts because of the wide array of anatomies present in children with cardiovascular defects. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is used to establish a platform to produce custom vascular grafts, which are biodegradable, mechanically compatible with vascular tissues, and support neotissue formation and growth. It is an advanced and emerging technology having great potential in the field of tissue engineering. Bioprinting uses cell-laden biomaterials, generally called bio-inks, to deposit in a layer-by-layer fashion. The goal of 3D bioprinting is to offer an alternative to autologous or allogeneic tissue grafts to replace or treat damaged tissues. This chapter aims to offer a synopsis of the current state of 3D bioprinting techniques in analysis, research potentials, and applications. This new and exciting technology has the potential to not only provide better treatment options, but also to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from chronic illnesses.
Conceptualizing Language Teacher Identity in Translator and Interpreter Education
Authors: Seidl Eva
Published: March 2023

This chapter focuses on the topic of language teacher identity within a specific field of language learning and teaching. TILLT is the acronym of this field and it stands for Translation and Interpreting-oriented Language Learning and Teaching. In order to give an overview of this particular higher education context the chapter starts with a discussion of TILLT, followed by recent developments and major contributions. The main focus of this chapter, however, is to offer a conceptualization of TILLT teacher identity, while, at the same time, acknowledging the students' identity issues as future translators and interpreters. The chapter concludes with some recommendations for future research directions in this promising emerging academic field.