bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kualitas hidup (yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan mulut) dan stress pada ibu hamil trimester II dengan perkembangan janin: studi korelasi
Authors: Maria Debby Yulianthi
Published: March 2020

Physiological changes in the body occur during pregnancy, sometimes followed by changes in attitude, state of the soul and behavior. To find out a person's healthy condition, it is necessary to measure the quality of life and stress. This study is to determine the relationship between quality of life related to oral health (OHRQoL) and stress with fetal development in second trimester of pregnant women. This research usedcross sectional approach; populations were pregnant women in second trimester who examined the womb at BPM Endang Purwaningsih Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta there were 56 people in November 2018, using total sampling. The research instrument was the OHIP-14, SRQ-20, and fetal development guidelines. Processing data in this study was using IBM SPSS 20 and Microsoft Excel. The statistical test which is used chi square test. There were 3 respondents with life quality that related to oral health (OHRQoL) in middle category and 53 respondents (94.64%) in the good category quality of life related to oral health (OHRQoL). 41 respondents (73.21%) who were not experiencing stress. There was one respondent with inappropriate fetal development. Chi square test showed that there was no correlation between quality of life related to oral health (0,810 > 0,05) and stress (0,095 > 0,05) with fetal development in second trimester of pregnant women in the BPM Endang Purwaningsih Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta. Quality of life related to oral health (OHRQoL) and stress does not affect fetal development in second trimester pregnant women at BPM Endang Purwaningsih Bantul Pleret Yogyakarta.
中小型水利水电工程造价控制和管理
Authors: 张 展途
Published: March 2020

近几年来,随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步,我国国民在日常的生产和生活过程中对于水电的需求量也越来越大,使得水利水电工程项目的数量也在逐年增加,在一定意义上也增加了我国水利水电工程造价控制和管理工作的难度。基于此,下文就中小型水利水电工程造价控制的环节、我国中小型水利工程造价控制和管理的现状以及相关的管理措施方面做了简单探讨。
北方渠道冻胀破坏分析及防渗措施
Authors: 白 雪侠
Published: March 2020

渠道冻胀破坏是因为渠道土受冻体积膨胀顶托衬砌而造成。冻胀损害是寒冷地区渠道建设中的一大问题。因而分析冻胀破坏形成成因,对防渗措施的拟定实施提出了重要的参考。
简析水利水电设计过程中生态理念应用标准的体系建设
Authors: 刘 海洋
Published: March 2020

建设水利工程有利于提高水资源利用的科学性与合理性,同时也有利于降低洪水灾害发生的几率。现阶段,现代化建设成为社会发展的主要趋势,而在发展中也造成了严重的环境污染,因此在水利水电设计中,需积极建立生态理念应用体系,实现经济效益和社会效益的有机统一。
试析电磁式真空破坏阀在泵站的应用
Authors: 游 宣智
Published: March 2020

泵站运行功率比较大,需要合理设置断流装置,要求泵站机组在启动时电机功率小于额定功率,便于机组进入相对稳定状态。一旦发生故障断电,要求断流装置可以立即启动,以阻断水流,避免发发生倒流问题。基于此,本文结合理论实践,先分析了电磁式真空破坏阀的工作原理,接着论述应用优势,最后提出电磁式真空破坏阀在泵站中的具体应用,希望对提升电磁式真空破坏阀运行稳定性及可靠性有一定参考。
一起220V直流油泵电机电流偏小的缺陷分析及检查处理
Authors: 刘 维超
Published: March 2020

直流油泵是在极端情况下保护汽轮机润滑油系统安全的重要设备,其能否快速启动、正常运行起着决定性的作用。本文分析了本单位#5大机直流油泵电机启动后电流偏小的缺陷,通过对电机启动方式的分析和现场排查,成功消除了一起因接触器内部机构卡涩,而导致的直流电机电流偏小的缺陷。
水利工程堤防防渗施工技术
Authors: 林 文龙
Published: March 2020

水利工程是一项利国利民的基础设施建设项目,不同水利工程功能不同,有防洪防旱的,有节水灌溉的,有水力发电的。但无论是哪种功能类型的水利工程,在使用过程中一旦发生渗漏问题,就会对工程质量造成严重影响,甚至还会引发严重的安全事故,造成较大的经济损失。基于此,加强对水利工程堤防防渗漏施工技术的研究具有十分现实的意义。
浅谈压力管道焊接与质量控制
Authors: 杨 恒
Published: March 2020

压力管道的焊接环境通常非常复杂,同时对质量控制的要求仍然很高。压力管道的焊接工艺是一个接一个的回路,并且它们相互结合。一旦中间链路出现质量问题,整体效果将受到影响。因此为了保障压力管道的安全运行,本文讨论并分析了压力管的焊接工艺的主要缺陷及成因和质量控制。
工程地质勘察中水文地质环境勘察探析
Authors: 王 柱和
Published: March 2020

水文地质条件作为影响工程地质的重要影响因素,不仅会影响工程建设的选点,还会对工程的环境效益评价带来一定的影响。因此,一定在开展工程设计期间,一定要对水文地质环境进行严格的勘察,运用合理的处理手段来为施工质量提供有效的质量保证。本文立足于水文地质环境勘察中具体的应用实践展开分析,为提高工程质量提供了切实可行的参考。
解析水利工程施工管理特点及质量控制措施
Authors: 任 培强
Published: March 2020

为推动水利工程建设发展,增大工程的经济效益,就需加大优化控制力度,认识施工管理及质量控制的重要性,并采取相应措施促进水利工程的稳定发展。基于此,文章就对水利工程施工管理特点及质量控制进行分析探讨。
关于水利工程防汛措施及抢险策略分析研究
Authors: 高 彩霞
Published: March 2020

水利工程防汛责任重大,做好水利工程防汛工作利国利民。作为水利工程管理单位,要始终坚持“安全第一、常备不懈、以防为主、全力抢险”的工作方针；做好防大汛、抗大洪的思想准备；突出重点,明确责任,切实做好防汛备汛工作,全力确保安全度汛。作为一项基础性的工程,水利工程在国民经济建设中发挥了重要作用,其不但能够实现蓄水、防洪、灌溉等功能,保障人民生活和农业生产,而且还可以实现水运和发电的功能,促进工业生产和发展。因此在社会中受到了更多的重视。当前,人类对水资源的开发与利用越来越广泛和深入,水利工程项目的建设也日渐增多,为了使水利工程更好的发挥作用,需要重视水利工程的防汛工作,采取积极有效的措施,提高水利工程对水的调节和控制能力,进而提高防洪能力,保障人们生活和工农业生产。
浅谈水电站励磁系统常见故障的原因以及应对措施
Authors: 高 升
Published: March 2020

本文首先介绍了水电站励磁系统运行的功能原理,然后文章主要分析了水电站励磁系统常见故障的原因、现象以及应对措施,内容包括发电机不能正常建压故障分析以及其应对措施、发电机转子过电压原因分析以及其应对措施等。
高职机制专业工作过程系统化课程体系开发改革与实践
Authors: 娄 岳海 , 张 红星
Published: March 2020

浙江机电职业技术学院机械制造与自动化专业通过对专业对应的工作岗位及岗位群的工作任务和职业能力进行详细的分析和归纳，构建了基于工艺实施能力培养的工作过程系统化课程体系，开发了相应的项目化课程和教材，实施校企合作教学，培养学生的职业能力，为浙江省乃至中国制造业培养了大批高素质技术技能人才。
“家+我”理念重构高职实训教学管理模式的研究实践
Authors: 翁 灿烁 , 温 志浩 , 刘 晓英
Published: March 2020

专业群建设立足应用工科和现代生产性服务为主的专业布局，充分运用区域经济产业的优势，促进行业、企业参与职业教育人才培养全过程。针对专业群建设管理具备完整的生命周期和项目管理的过程性，并具有项目管理的特点。高职院校必须规范专业集群化建设，才能使专业嵌入产业链，用完整的专业群对接产业链，培养出高素质技术技能人才。
高职院校专业建设与当地经济扶贫的对接措施---以商洛职业技术学院为例
Authors: 唐 文静
Published: March 2020

职业教育作为教育扶贫工作的组成部分，发挥着重要的作用，尤其是高职教育直接推动着当地的经济发展。但是，目前我国高职院校助力当地经济扶贫中还面临一系列困境。本文以商洛职业技术学院为例，通过分析当前高职院校服务于精准扶贫的困境及形成原因进而指出高职院校的专业建设与当地经济扶贫的对接措施。
关于高校校史文化育人及建设的思考
Authors: 刘 星安
Published: March 2020

校史是学校长期教育和办学实践中积淀与创造的具有鲜明个性的深厚的文化底蕴。高校作为弘扬社会主义先进文化的主阵地，肩负着价值塑造、精神培育的重要使命，担当着引领思想文化方向的重要职责。新形势下要注重挖掘校史文化的思政育人元素，拓宽和创新校史文化育人载体，进一步加强校史研究、完善校史文化传播渠道、将校史文化融入校园文化建设、推进校史文化课程体系建设，不断提升校史文化育人的实效性。
公共管理视野下的高校学生资助服务工作探索
Authors: 陈 岸斌
Published: March 2020

高校学生资助服务工作是学生事务管理工作中的重要内容，通过借鉴公共管理学理念，构建适应新时期的学生资助服务管理体系。从而提高高校立德树人、资助育人服务水平，让高校学生事务服务管理工作更有针对性和实效性，促进家庭经济困难学生全面成长成才。
同伴教育视角下校园反欺凌小组研究
Authors: 牟 茜 , 张 雪
Published: March 2020

校园欺凌是一种复杂的社会现象，人们对此广泛关注。研究从同伴教育视角下干预校园欺凌，建立反欺凌动力小组，对同伴教育内容、方式、效果评估进行讨论，采用“辐射式”同伴教育，发挥学生自主能动性，将动力小组内化的知识、信息、教育能量释放出去，对身边目标青少年群体产生影响。结果显示同伴教育对校园欺凌干预有积极作用。
中职学校的劳动教育以及工匠精神的传承
Authors: 马 聪聪 , 张 静
Published: March 2020

中国特色社会主义进入新时代，建设知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军，弘扬劳模精神和工匠精神，营造劳动光荣的社会风尚和精益求精的敬业风气成为全社会各行各业追求的新风尚。在中职学校，劳模精神和工匠精神更是应该渗透在教育教学的各个环节。
中职英语教学中渗透心理健康教育的实践
Authors: 韦 靖宇
Published: March 2020

在英语教学中，应对中职学生进行心理健康教育。围绕教学实践安排、渗透一定的心理健康教育，并把心理健康教育与各种形式的教学实践结合，以达到对学生心理健康状况的全面了解，同时也增强了英语教学的魅力，帮助学生健康成长，快乐学习。
基于html5 的抽签小程序的开发
Authors: 王 瑶
Published: March 2020

近些年来，web技术以惊人的速度飞速发展。尤其是html5新增的离线本地数据库存储技术，使web应用得到了更大的发展。本文对利用html5中的indexedDB数据库技术、localStorage技术开发的抽签小程序做具体介绍。
Principles of Preventive Police Activity: Concepts, Content and Their Classification
Authors: Shatrava S. O. , Parkhanov H. R.
Published: March 2020

The author of the article has studied the scientific positions of scholars on understanding and classification of the principles of law. The characteristic features of the principles of preventive police activity have been distinguished. First of all, they are formed and developed in accordance with the contemporary requirements, expectations and needs of members of society and the state regarding the protection of their rights, freedoms and interests within the public and legal sphere; secondly, they determine the social purpose, nature, content and limits of preventive police activity; thirdly, it is obvious that all principles of preventive police activity form an objectively conditioned, normatively fixed, scientifically sound, relatively stable “coordinate system”, the elements of which do not act in isolation but, in a certain interdependence, do not contradict each other and have distinct character in the application of police preventive measures and the implementation of the preventive function by the agencies and units of the National Police of Ukraine.

The principles of preventive activities, depending on the method of their regulatory consolidation, are classified into: 1) general legal principles that determine the principles of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security; 2) basic principles that characterize the purposefulness, content and limits of police activity and are enshrined in the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”; 3) special principles that characterize the specificity of preventive police activity.

The principles of preventive police activity should be understood as objectively stipulated, pivotal, relatively stable, scientifically substantiated guiding principles, enshrined by the norms of national legislation and international legal acts, which are the basis for the activity of the National Police of Ukraine, as well as the authorized officials of its agencies and structural units carried out in the process of forecasting and preventing offenses through the use of preventive police measures permitted by national law, and complex of preventive actions.
Percepção ambiental como estratégia de investigação do ambiente construído: Estudo de caso em ambiente de trabalho
Authors: Niemeyer Michelle Caroline , Niemeyer Carlos Augusto da Costa
Published: March 2020

O processo de planejamento do ambiente construído exige uma série de procedimentos investigativos, entre eles conhecer a percepção ambiental de seus usuários. O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso voltado à avaliação da adequabilidade de um ambiente de trabalho adotando a metodologia denominada de “atributos induzidos” também conhecida pela ferramenta “constelação de atributos”, oriunda de estudos da psicologia ambiental. O artigo trabalha questões comportamentais geradas a partir de aspectos físicos e sensoriais estimulados pela organização do ambiente construído e levantadas pela ferramenta investigativa. Este estudo, realizado no setor administrativo de uma empresa do ramo farmacêutico, situada na região de Campinas-SP, realizou entrevistas com funcionários visando estimular a percepção cognitiva destes com base em perguntas-chave endereçadas pelos investigadores gerando, assim, dados que alimentam o programa computacional que identificará e qualificará atributos ambientais envolvidos na percepção. Os resultados obtidos revelam o nível de ajuste psicológico pessoa-ambiente, permitindo tecer informações valiosas aos investigadores para ajustamento do ambiente às necessidades de seus usuários e, consequentemente, propiciar bem-estar e incremento da produtividade.

Palavras-chave: Percepção ambiental, constelação de atributos, psicologia ambiental.
Occorrenza dello stafilococco aureo in ospedali: conoscenze scientifiche un Core recensione
Authors: Rodrigues Sheila da Conceição Sousa , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dias Cláudio Alberto Gellis De Mattos , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: March 2020

Il presente studio ha cercato di compilare i dati sulla resistenza agli antimicrobici dei batteri del genere Staphylococcus aureus negli ospedali pubblici brasiliani, anni 2008-2015. I dati disponibili negli articoli pubblicati in riviste nazionali ed internazionali, attraverso la ricerca attiva nel periodo 2014-2015, con parole chiave: Staphylococcus aureus in ambiente ospedaliero, lesioni causate da Staphylococcus aureus negli ospedali pubblici brasiliani e Staphylococcus aureus resistenza agli antimicrobici. I risultati hanno mostrati una grande prevalenza di multidrug-resistente Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA meticillino-in ospedale unità in Brasile, secondo gli articoli analizzati, pubblicati tra gli anni dal 2008 al 2015. È concluso che lo stafilococco sono agenti patogeni che rimangono nell’ambiente dell’ospedale, creando qualche resistenza a determinati farmaci, che ha contribuito alla ricerca di maggiore rispetto all’uso indiscriminato di antimicrobici nella Comunità e farmaci più efficaci per il trattamento di questi microrganismi in unità ospedaliere.

Parole chiave: Staphylococcus aureus, unità ospedaliera, la resistenza antimicrobica.
Occurrence de Staphylococcus Aureus dans les hôpitaux : une connaissance
Authors: Rodrigues Sheila da Conceição Sousa , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dias Cláudio Alberto Gellis De Mattos , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: March 2020

La présente étude a cherché à rassembler des données sur l’antibiorésistance des bactéries du genre Staphylococcus aureus dans les hôpitaux publics brésiliens, années 2008-2015. Les données trouvées dans les articles publiés dans des magazines nationaux et internationaux, grâce à une recherche active dans la période 2014-2015, avec Mots clés : Staphylococcus aureus en milieu hospitalier, le préjudice causé par le Staphylococcus aureus dans les hôpitaux publics brésiliens et la résistance de Staphylococcus aureus aux antimicrobiens. Les résultats ont montré une grande prévalence des unités de méthicilline-à l’hôpital multirésistante Staphylococcus aureus-SARM au Brésil, en vertu des articles analysés, publiés entre les années de 2008 à 2015. Il est conclu que le staphylocoque sont des pathogènes qui demeurent dans le milieu hospitalier, créant une certaine résistance à certains médicaments, qui a contribué à une plus grande recherche en ce qui concerne l’emploi indiscriminé d’antimicrobiens dans la communauté et des médicaments plus efficaces pour le traitement de ces microorganismes dans les unités de l’hôpital. Mots-clés: Staphylococcus aureus, unité hospitalière, la résistance aux antimicrobien.
Isolation and Characterization of Halotolerant 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degrading Bacteria From Sulfidic, Low Salinity Salt Springs
Authors: Willis Michael G. , Treves David S.
Published: March 2020

The bacterial communities at two sulfidic, low salinity springs with no history of herbicide contamination were screened for their ability to grow on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Nineteen isolates, closely matching the genera Bacillus, Halobacillus, Halomonas, Georgenia and Kocuria, showed diverse growth strategies on NaCl-supplemented and NaCl-free 2,4-D medium. The majority of isolates were halotolerant, growing best on nutrient rich broth with 0% or 5% NaCl; none of the isolates thrived in medium with 20% NaCl. The tfdA gene, which codes for an a – ketoglutarate dioxygenase and catalyzes the first step in 2,4-D degradation, was detected in nine of the salt spring isolates. The tfdAa gene, which shows ~60% identity to tfdA, was present in all nineteen isolates. Many of the bacteria described here were not previously associated with 2,4-D degradation suggesting these salt springs may contain microbial communities of interest for bioremediation.
Nicotine: Its Stimulating and Inhibitory Effects on Oral Microorganisms
Authors: DuBois Aubrey E. , Bennett Zachary C. , Khalid Umara , Khalid Ariba , Meece Reed A. , Difiore Gabrielle J. , Gregory Richard L.
Published: March 2020

Tobacco users are much more susceptible to dental caries and periodontal diseases than non-tobacco users. Research suggests that this increased susceptibility may be due in part to nicotine, a primary active component of tobacco. Five bacterial species and one yeast species commonly found in the human oral cavity, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Rothia dentocariosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans respectively, were utilized to investigate if any correlation existed between exposure to various concentrations of nicotine ranging from 0 to 32 mg/ml and the growth of each microorganism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), and planktonic growth were measured. The MIC was determined to be 16 mg/ml for all organisms except E. faecalis, which had an MIC of 32 mg/ml. Nicotine had a varying effect on planktonic growth across the different species. A distinct upward trend in biofilm formation was found in A. viscosus, L. casei, E. faecalis, and C. albicans through 8 mg/ml. Nicotine also enhanced R. dentocariosa biofilm formation in all concentrations through 8 mg/ml but was most enhanced at 1 mg/ml. Alternatively, A. naeslundii exhibited a complete downward trend through 32 mg/ml. The MBIC was found to be 16 mg/ml in all organisms studied. These findings further support research suggesting that the increased susceptibility to oral health diseases experienced by tobacco users may be caused in part by an upregulation in biofilm formation of these oral pathogens.
Characterization of a mucoid-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Authors: Bauer Brandon M. , Rogers Lewis , Macias Monique , Iacovetti Gabriella , Woodrow Alexander M. , Labonte-Wilson Melissa J. , Tallman Kathleen G.
Published: March 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are implicated in chronic infections. A key element of P. aeruginosapathogenicity is the formation of a biofilm, a community of bacteria encased in an exopolymeric substance (EPS) that shields the bacteria from the host immune response and antibiotic treatment. A crucial step in biofilm production is a switch in motility from freely swimming, planktonic bacteria to twitching movement and then to attached and sedentary bacteria that develop into a mature pillar-shaped biofilm. A mucoid biofilm produces an excess of alginate and is clinically the most pathogenic and the most resistant to antibiotics. Biofilms from patients exhibit a wide variety of structure, motility, and levels of attachment. In vitrobiofilms do not exhibit such a wide variety of structure and physiology. The difference between in vivo and in vitro biofilms has made the translation of in vitro studies into in vivo treatments difficult. Under different growth conditions in our lab, the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 demonstrates two phenotypes: a non-mucoid and a mucoid-like phenotype. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicates the mucoid-like phenotype is intermediate in height to the non-mucoid phenotype and biofilms formed in a once-flow-through chamber. Both mucoid-like and non-mucoid phenotypes exhibit a significant increase in twitching between 24 and 72 hours of development. The mucoid-like phenotype had greater attachment at 72 hours compared to non-mucoid phenotype. Therefore, the two phenotypes observed in our lab may represent the effect of environment to stimulate development of two types of biofilms by PAO1.
Characterization of water-types and their influence on the antimicrobial proper-ties of Kombucha ferments against bacteria and yeast
Authors: Lawton II James K. , Kumar Renu B.
Published: March 2020

Understanding the relationships between diet, gut microflora, and health is an increasingly important area of research. Recent studies have demonstrated that Kombucha tea provides variable antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. In this study, we tested Kombucha tea for antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast, using an agar diffusion method. Standard zone of inhibition assays were used to test the hypothesis that variance in antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans may be due to the varying levels of cations, like Ca2+, found in different water-types (well water, artesian water, city water, type-II water and distilled water). Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) results indicated that high cationic (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) content water (well water) resulted in the largest zone of inhibition against S. aureus, with a 12.3% difference when compared to low cationic content water (type-II water). E. coli maintained a constant zone of inhibition regardless of water-type or batch-type, while C. albicans showed no zones of inhibition. Inhibition is either through a synergistic relationship with the pH conditions, the other cations present (Mg2+, Na+, Si, etc.) or a mix of both, as pH in the range of 4.5 - 3 is not enough to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. These results indicate that a direct relationship exists between cationic concentrations of water used to prepare Kombucha, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, due to the improved fermentation of the tea with high concentrations of cations. Strong antimicrobial potential exists, particularly against S. aureus, which may be useful in determining novel approaches to synthesize antimicrobial drugs. Further study is needed to assess other S. aureus strains, as well as to determine how this relationship translates to human microbiota interactions and their microbial metabolic profiles.
Metal Susceptibility of a Hetero-Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate
Authors: Quigley Colleen , Lamichhane-Khadka Reena
Published: March 2020

The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is well known for its ability to develop resistance to various antimicrobial substances. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), a cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, is becoming increasingly resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin, one of few antibiotics used to treat serious multiple-antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal infections. With the increase in the number of MRSA strains showing reduced sensitivity to vancomycin, it has become important to investigate alternative treatment options. In this study, we examined the effects of five metals: silver, copper, arsenate, zinc, and cadmium on the growth of a clinical MRSA strain MM66 demonstrating heterogeneous intermediatelevel resistance to vancomycin. Disc diffusion and gradient plate experiments were used to compare the metal susceptibility levels of strain MM66 to that of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus laboratory control strain. MM66 grew less successfully when exposed to metals, and showed an overall increased level of susceptibility to metals compared to the laboratory control strain. Of the metals tested, silver exerted the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of MM66.
Antibiotic resistant bacteria in an urban freshwater ecosystem in central Texas
Authors: Kwok Annie , Davis Michael C. , Kang Sanghoon
Published: March 2020

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for the human population and is becoming prevalent in many environments. For example, increasing occurrences of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems elevates the risk of pathogenic microbes acquiring those resistance genes. There is an urgent need to more closely examine the relationship between antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic residues in urban freshwater environments. Thus, our main objective was to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent leading into the Brazos River using several commonly used antibiotics: penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin. An additional aim was to explore possible mechanisms of resistance emergence to these antibiotics using techniques such as replica plating, the Luria-Delbrück Fluctuation Test, the Newcombe Test, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Four samples of influent and treated effluent wastewater were collected from the WWTP to enumerate resistant bacteria in the community and to investigate whether mutations causing resistance in ARB might be induced or spontaneous. We found that penicillin had the highest rate of resistance in all samples and that a similar trend of resistance appeared across all four samples. According to the Luria–Delbrück Fluctuation Test and the Newcombe Test, different antibiotics appear to be associated with different tendencies of resistance emergence, with certain groups of antibiotics producing different results, which raises evolutionary questions about the roles of random mutation and induction. Most ARB detected from the Luria–Delbrück Fluctuation Test belong to the Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Aeromonas genera. This study provides a baseline understanding of the urban freshwater ecosystem status in central Texas and quantitatively examines the degree of resistance emergence.
Imatinib Mesylate as an Effective Anti-viral Treatment for Alphavirus Infections
Authors: Costlow Jessica L. , Krow Erika S. , Steele J. Jordan
Published: March 2020

Alphaviruses are plus-strand RNA viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. There are very limited vaccines and treatment options available to those infected with alphaviruses, resulting in significant human and animal morbidity and mortality each year. Viruses are parasites of host cell metabolism and alphaviruses have been shown to increase glycolytic flux during infection to aid viral replication. Imatinib mesylate is an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used to treat several types of cancers. A hallmark of tumorous cells is an elevated metabolic rate and Imatinib successfully slows metabolism by inhibiting tyrosine kinases that are required to activate metabolic enzymes, such as hexokinase in the glycolytic pathway. It was hypothesized that Imatinib could be used to slow metabolism in virally-infected cells and reduce viral replication. Alphavirus-infected cells were treated with various concentrations of Imatinib and at a concentration of 6 µM, viral replication was reduced by more than 40% while cell viability was still at 100%. The efficacy of Imatinib treatment at inhibiting alphavirus replication was confirmed at different times post infection (6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post infection), different levels of infection (multiplicities of infection= 0.1, 1, and 10), and within different cell lines (BHK, Huh7 and HEK). Further analysis in mouse or other animal models is needed to confirm the utility of Imatinib as a therapeutic option for treating alphavirus infection, but the data are promising and shows a significant reduction in viral replication and may represent a novel treatment option for alphavirus infections.
The Colonization and Establishment of the Neonatal Mammalian Microbiome
Authors: Kouritzin Victoria A. , Guan Leluo
Published: March 2020

In current agriculture practices, such as the dairy industry, the use of antibiotics is being discouraged due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, antibiotics are used commonly to treat calf diarrhea, which is a serious issue that negatively influences calf health, growth, and development. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota as a potential source to improve the gut health of a calf, which could minimize the antibiotic use. However, limited knowledge is available for the early life gut microbiota and its relationship with calf’s performance. It is known that the microbiota has an influence on immune system development, as well as behavioral development, and metabolic development. Further, an atypical microbial population, or a microbial shift, has been linked to autoimmune, anxiety and metabolic disorders. The process of microbial and host interactions starts at birth, suggesting that mammals are initially colonized by microbes immediately following and during birth. Differing modes of delivery, caesarian or vaginal delivery, and possibly the length of time of the birthing process, may determine initial colonization of the infant. Further, the establishment of the microbiota can be influenced by host genetics, diet, and maternal environment. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the neonatal mammalian microbiota obtained from human and mice studies, and to outline future research directions on microbial colonization and possible manipulation strategies that can be used to manipulate the gut microbiota in dairy calves. By understanding the process of how mammals and microbes interact it is possible to better target future research in order to solve the problem of calf diarrhea.
Antibiotic Tolerance: Distinguishing between Classical Resistance and Persistence in a Macrophage Infection Model
Authors: Collins Crystal , Mosovsky Kara
Published: March 2020

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacillus and facultative intracellular pathogen. It causes the disease melioidosis, which is a potentially fatal human disease found throughout the world but particularly in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. B. pseudomallei is inherently antibiotic resistant and therefore new therapies are needed to combat this pathogen. Previous studies with the related organism Burkholderia thailandensis have shown that the antibiotic ceftazidime does not eliminate all bacteria in an in vitro macrophage model, and the remaining bacteria could still pose a health threat to a potential host. Due to their survival in the presence of antibiotics, we hypothesized that the remaining bacteria were one of two types of antibiotic tolerant cells: classically antibiotic resistant cells or persister cells. To test our hypothesis we isolated the bacteria that had survived ceftazidime treatment in the macrophage infection model and performed additional in vitro experiments to show that the surviving bacteria are neither antibiotic resistant nor persister cells. Instead, they are still susceptible to high doses (200 μg/ml) of the antibiotic over a period of 48 hours (p<0.001). We believe the bacteria survive exposure to the antibiotic during the macrophage infection because of their ability to move between intracellular and extracellular compartments, thus avoiding the antibiotic and its deadly effects. Our results provide evidence to suggest that intracellular pathogens, through movement between intracellular and extracellular compartments, may be protected from the effects of antibiotics in similar macrophage infection models.
Chytrid Fungi Associated with Pollen Decomposition in Crater Lake, Oregon
Authors: Page Kathleen A. , Flannery Meghan K.
Published: March 2020

We identified chytrid fungi that were attached to pine pollen on the surface of Crater Lake. Fungi were identified by large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene sequencing of lake pollen extracts and by isolation of a chytrid fungus that was present on the pollen. LSU rRNA PCR products were cloned, sequenced and identified. The majority of eukaryotic LSU rRNA sequences associated with pollen were found to be members of the chytrid order Rhizophyidiales. A fungal isolate was characterized culturally, morphologically, and by DNA sequencing and was identified as a member of the genus Paranamyces, in the order Rhizophydiales. In addition, protist LSU rRNA sequences from the phylum Ciliophora were found. The concentrations of dissolved organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphate in surface water that had visible pollen rafts increased according to the concentration of pollen in the water. Each of these nutrients was detected at several fold higher levels in water with pollen rafts as compared to surface water lacking pollen rafts. These results provide evidence for the role of chytrid fungi in nutrient release from pollen deposited on Crater Lake.
Objective Lens
Authors: McKillip John L.
Published: March 2020

Managing editor Dr. John L. McKillip shares his perspective on this issue of Fine Focus.
Letter to the Editor: Genetic Editing of Secretory Pathway of Penicillium Chrysogenum After Observation of Increased Secretory Rates in an Increased Stress Environment (Microgravity), a Research Proposal by High School Students in Dubai
Authors: Shirali Akio , Huijsmans Wilson Minter , Sottocornola Matteo
Published: March 2020

In this study, we aim to amplify the secretory pathway of Penicillium Chrysogenum within the ISS or similar simulated microgravity using the miniPCR and/or RTQ-PCR and then optimizing Penicillium Chrysogenum function using CRISPR cas-9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), a new technology in the genetics which can help in gene alteration for better drug production. The secretory pathway of Penicillium Chrysogenum is controlled by genes pcbAB , pcbC and penDE
Characterization of Antibioticproducing Bacterium Isolated From Anthill Sediment With Activity Against ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Postich Cody A. , Kiser Kevin B.
Published: March 2020

Healthcare institutions have seen an increase in infections caused by antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Current antibiotics have become less potent against pathogenic bacteria due to their overuse and misuse. In recent years, scientists have revisited local environments in search of novel antibioticproducing microbes to address the increasing threat of resistance. One species of bacteria was isolated from anthill sediment in coastal North Carolina. This environment was selected for its abiotic properties, including organic substrates, moisture saturation and aeration. Anthill isolate A2, inhibited various Grampositive and negative ESKAPE pathogens or their surrogates, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, in crossstreak tests. 16S rRNA sequencing identified isolate A2 as Pseudomonas koreensis. Mass spectrometry and small-molecule analysis performed on ethyl-acetate extracts of culture supernatant were used to evaluate bioactivity and identify the probable structure of one potential antimicrobial compound, monolauryl maleate. Discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds to replace overused antibiotics may help reduce the impact of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
浅析建筑施工机械管理现状及发展
Authors: 张 海涛
Published: March 2020

当前时期，国内的建筑行业呈现出良好的发展态势，管理模式、技术水平、施工方法等均较为成熟。而在现阶段，建筑结构变得较为复杂，这对建筑行业的要求也就提高很多。若想使得建筑施工能够有序展开，施工机械是不可少的。文章主要针对建筑施工机械管理的实际状况展开深入探析，针对存在的问题提出切实可行的应对之策。
关于农村公路设计思路的探讨
Authors: 刘 宝伟
Published: March 2020

农村公路是支撑农业和农村经济社会发展的重要基础设施，2019年以来，全国新改建农村公路29万公里，提前实现具备条件的乡镇和建制村通硬化路。笔者亲历了十多年来农村公路发展的全过程，参与近千个农村公路项目设计，现结合近年来的农村公路新建、改建设计经验，就农村公路设计思路谈一下自己的看法。
简析基础测绘对数字城市建设的影响与应用策略
Authors: 张 倩文
Published: March 2020

近年来，我国科学技术水平得到了显著的提升，有效的推动了数字城市的发展，人们逐渐的将一些最前沿的技术引用到城市建设之中，从而使得城市功能在不断的扩展。要想推动城市建设工作顺利开展，最为重要的是要将基础测绘工作的作用全面的施展出来，切实的将各类问题加以解决，充分结合实际情况，制定详尽的建设计划，并加以全面落实，促进数字城市的综合性能的提升。
隧道喷射混凝土回弹量的降低方法及应用实践
Authors: 刘 振
Published: March 2020

隧道喷射混凝土法是常用的隧道围岩支护方式之一，但是在施工过程中需要注意控制好喷射混凝土的回弹量问题，否则会影响施工质量和增加施工成本。文章结合笔者工作经验，探讨了隧道喷射混凝土在初喷阶段和粘性喷射时的回弹产生机理，并提出了合理选择材料、控制输料管距离、调整工作风压、控制混凝土配合比、喷射工艺等降低回弹量的措施，
道路交通标线涂料的性能要求和检测分析
Authors: 饶 伟
Published: March 2020

道路交通标线涂料的性能影响其使用时间与寿命，在本次研究中，该文将从多个角度详细介绍了道路交通标线涂料的性能指标及其检测方法，旨在进一步延长道路交通标线涂料使用时间，为保障交通安全奠定基础。
英美城镇化中后期发展进程对重庆转型发展的启示
Authors: 徐 锦颢 , 付 帅
Published: March 2020

城镇化水平是一个国家和地区经济、社会、文化、科技水平的主要标志，也是衡量国家和地区社会组织程度和管理水平的重要标志。通过分析英国和美国从城镇化水平超60%后的发展特征、发展模式及动力、中后期城市空间扩展特征、中后期城市空间扩展特征、城乡居民需求等方面将两个国家城镇化发展水平达到60%以后的特征进行总结，预先判断重庆城镇化发展的重点方向及策略，以此指导转型期重庆健康城镇化的具体实践，以期推动中国西部城镇化模式的创新。
论室内空间人性化设计
Authors: 刘 元平
Published: March 2020

城市轨道交通综合监控系统的构建与应用是城市现代化、信息化、智能化建设的重要表现，在城市轨道交通运输管理质量与效率提升上发挥着至关重要的作用。文章中从平台设计角度出发，围绕城市轨道交通综合监控系统基本功能的实现，对综合监控系统平台设计核心技术进行了简要分析，以供参考。
路桥工程现场施工管理的难点及应对措施
Authors: 张 志勇
Published: March 2020

目前，迅速发展的交通行业给人们的出行带来了更多的便利，也加速了区域之间的合作往来，推动了经济社会的高效率发展，在这个背景下人们对于道路和桥梁工程项目建设的质量要求也越来越高，因此，对于工程项目的施工技术以及施工现场的监督管理工作也有了更高的标准。因为工程项目建造施工的现实问题，现场施工的管理工作涉及到非常多的管理要素，管理难度比较大，也必须要才用更加科学合理、更有针对性的管理手段以有效的提升管理效率和管理质量。
固体废物半挥发性有机物的测定
Authors: 赵 晓光
Published: March 2020

采用加压溶剂萃取气相色谱-质谱法测定固体废物中64种半挥发性有机物的含量。用二氯甲烷-丙酮（1+1）混合液进行萃取，所得萃取物用弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化，用气相色谱分离、质谱检测，内标法定量。64种半挥发性有机物在一定质量浓度内与其峰面积成线性，方法检出限为0.02mg/kg～0.11mg/kg、测定下限为0.08mg/kg～0.44mg/kg。以灰渣样品为基质进行加标回收实验，其相对偏差（n=6）为0.7%～20.4%，所得回收率在44%～129%之间。
THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL PROVISION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM AS A DIRECTION OF ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Seletskyi Andrii
Published: March 2020

The main objective, strategic priorities and ways of fulfilling the tasks and functions of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine on the theoretical and methodological and scientific and methodical support of modernization and development of the education system of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration and world globalization are highlighted. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of the final scientific production, formed by the results of the research activity of the institution, are analyzed.
The basic directions of activity of the NAES of Ukraine on theoretical and methodological support of the development of the educational system and its comprehensive scientific support are revealed; coordination, organization and implementation of the basic and applied scientific research, as well as innovative scientific and technical (experimental) developments in the field of education, pedagogy and psychology, in particular, the study of global trends in the development of education, pedagogical and psychological theory and practice, conducting content analysis, state standards of education in foreign countries, assessing the quality of education in general and other educational institutions of Ukraine and abroad; providing scientific, methodological and advisory support on educational matters to public authorities; conducting an independent scientific examination of sectoral projects of projected and program documents, educational and methodical literature; participation in the development of teaching methods, educational standards, standard educational programs, textbooks; establishing cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of foreign countries, international organizations and funds on education; preparation and certification of scientific, scientific and pedagogical personnel of higher qualification; educational and publishing activities, etc.
VISUALIZATION AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF STUDYING PEDAGOGY STUDENTS
Authors: Bartkiv Oksana , Durmanenko Evheniya , Smalko Oksana
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In the article reveals the effectiveness of using the method of visualization of the content of educational material in pedagogy.

The aim of this article is an analysis of methods of visualizing the content of educational information in pedagogical classes during the study of the topic “Project Learning Technologies”. During a scientific search the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, modeling are used.

It is emphasized, that one of the effective ways of activating students' educational activity is visualization of educational material, the active use of which in the educational process allows to move away from the passive perception of the content by the future specialists to the active mastery of it; visualization provides intensification of the educational process, formation and development of students' critical and visual thinking.

Visualization is defined as ways of clearly covering the content of educational material in a structured form by means of diagrams, tables, graphs, frames, etc., which will contribute to the effective acquisition of the system of competences by the acquirers of education.

In the process of teaching of course "Pedagogy" students are best developed active creativity, critical thinking, when using traditional ways of visualizing the content of educational material (flowchart, graph diagram, logical circuit (sequence of processes), table, etc.) and the newest (denotation) graph, frame, intellectual and strategic maps, cluster, etc.). The ways of visualization of the content of educational material on pedagogy (denotation graph, frame, intellectual maps) in the course of studying the topic "Technology of project training" are revealed. The variants of visualization of the content of the educational material on the project technology of training with the help of a frame, a denotation graph, and intellectual maps are offered.

Summed up, that visualization of the content of educational material on pedagogy allows to solve a number of pedagogical tasks, namely: to promote intensification of learning; to activate educational and cognitive activity of students; to develop critical, creative and radiant thinking; duplicate verbal information in a figurative way, establishing causality between pedagogical concepts and phenomena; to shape visual literacy and visual culture.
YOUTH CLUBS AS AN EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE-SOCIALIZATION CONCEPT OF SOCIAL WORK IN SCHOOL
Authors: Grуshchuk Dmytro
Published: March 2020

Abstract: The article analyzes the adaptive-socialization concept of organization of social work in educational institutions and considers the content, directions and forms of activity of youth organizations in educational institutions as one of the effective forms of this concept. Based on the analysis of the literature, the relevance of further scientific research on the place of youth organizations in educational institutions of social and pedagogical influence on the educational recipients was revealed. Thus, the basis of the adaptive-socialization concept of social work determines the active movement of the individual to identify and solve social problems in interaction with a specific community (members of the youth organization and members of the territorial community). Adaptive-socialization activities of the social service in the educational establishment aim to accumulate the social potential of the student youth to respond to the social requests of the student and community. The leading role of the pedagogical team in the activity of the organization was emphasized and the first steps of creation of such organization and further mechanisms of interaction with it were determined. The role of the youth organization in the educational establishment in the process of personal development of the educational recipients, as well as the possible corrective work of the social service are emphasized. Accentuated on the site of organization in positioning of educational institution about territorial community. The adaptive and socializing potential of active public activity is highlighted both within the educational establishment and in the territorial community. The example of the activity of the Sokoly Youth Club at the Vasylkiv Academic Lyceum "Prestige" (Vasylkiv, Kyiv region) illustrates the positive dynamics of increasing the level of socialization of club members, adaptation to the realities and challenges of life in the local community, awareness of the organization and implementation of social activities, readiness for presentation and protection of their activities in relations with members of the community, motivation for further active social activity among both peers and adults. Prospects for further scientific research determine the development of a model of extracurricular activities of educational recipients on the example of school youth organization, determine the directions of relationships and interaction of members of the organization with socio-pedagogical and socio-psychological services in educational institutions, working out new directions of educational and educational organizations, social and pedagogical support of civic socialization in the activities of youth organizations in the institution and education.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF THE EDUCATION LEADER OF EDUCATION BASED ON PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS
Authors: Timoshko Anna
Published: March 2020

The essence of organizational culture of the head of educational institution, its humanistic direction and vectors of development are revealed in the article. Organizational culture (as a phenomenon) in the world theory and practice of management is defined in the humanistic approach to the organization and management of people in it, where the main task of management is adaptation to the external environment and trying to change it through the development of organizational culture, which helps to influence the activities of the organization through established values, norms, traditions, language, etc.; equips executives with a special system of concepts that makes day-to-day leadership of people meaningful and understandable. A great potential in addressing this issue is the process of professional training of executives, during which it is possible to influence both the interests of the organization as a whole and its individual members – teachers.
The role of the leader in the development of organizational culture of the modern school is positioned, which requires not only comprehensive knowledge, perfect knowledge of management science, but also true dedication and unlimited responsibility for the task, high pedagogical skills. Analyzing scientific approaches to the study of this problem is necessary to develop methods that would increase the motivation of managers to constantly seek ways to improve management credo, and, as a consequence, create the benchmarks of their professional behavior and organization of management activities. The results of the study are summarized regarding the essence of pedagogical skill, which includes the following components: professional competence, readiness for creative professional activity, pedagogical abilities and pedagogical technique. It is determined that the pedagogical skills of the head of the modern school are considered in the context of introduction of new effective educational technologies, rational use of didactic, material and technological and human resources, achievements of the national pedagogical theory and practice, high level of organizational culture of raising the educational level of the educational cadre.
SELF-EDUCATION AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPMENT OFTHE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER
Authors: Khlebnikova Talina
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Personal and professional development is essential for the teaching profession. This development shall provide the formation of education as a social value. A significant role in the development of the professional competence of a teacher is self-educational activities. The article indicates a certain study of the issue, there are the names of scientists in the article who are revealing the essence of the concepts of "competence", "professional competence", "self-education". It is emphasized on the contradictions arising between the socially determined requirements for increasing the professional competence of a teacher and the organization of self-educational activities of teachers in the educational institutions and the need to create conditions in the institution of general secondary education to organize the self-educational activities of a teacher.
Under the analysis of theory and practice concerning the research problem, the main components, forms of self-educational activity are determined: educational, scientific-methodical, scientific-research. Forms of self-education of teachers are defined: individual, which is regulated by the teacher according to his needs and administrative, which is organized by administration of educational institution to create conditions for organization of self-educational activities of teacher. The basic principles of self-education activities of teachers are identified as follows: integrity, practical orientation, mobility, self-organization and self-realization. The conditions which improve and encourage the self-education are clarified: organizational-pedagogical, psychological, scientific-methodological, technological and normative-legal.
Particular attention in the article is paid to the definition of criteria for assessing the quality of the conditions for the organization of self-educational activities, which are presented in the form of a qualimetric model. It is noted that the application of the qualimetric approach to assess the quality of the conditions of the
organization shall provide an increase in the level of self-educational activity as a means of developing the professional competence of a teacher.