bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological quality of water and diarrhoea among ethnic and non-ethnic communities of rural area of West Tripura, India
Authors: Bhattacharjya Himadri , Das Swapan K. , Majumder Tapan , Mukhopadhyay Bansi B. , Baidya Subrata , Debbarman Deep K.
Published: March 2017

Background: Waterborne diseases are the major causes of health seeking by ethnic and non-ethnic communities of West Tripura district of India. Safe and wholesome water is a basic requirement for good health. Microbiological contamination of water is responsible for most of the waterborne diseases and diarrhoea is still a major killer of childhood.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 ethnic and non-ethnic households chosen by multi stage sampling from West Tripura District of North East India during June - July 2016 to assess the bacteriological quality of water and to find out its association with the occurrence of diarrhoea.Results: Among the ethnic and non-ethnic households shallow tube wells were the source for 52.18% and 62.35 %, deep tube wells for 19.56% and 29.41%, and pipe water for 20.65 % and 5.89 households respectively. Sanitary latrines ware used in 46.73% ethnic and 50.59% non-ethnic households. In both the group filtration was practiced by 85% and no purification by 1%. Covered vessels were used for storing water in 94.57% ethnic and 95.30% non-ethnic households. Source of water was mildly contaminated in 15% ethnic and 10% non-ethnic, moderate and heavy contaminations were 11% and 8% each respectively in both the groups. At the point of consumption moderate and heavy contaminations were 2% each in ethnic households. Mild and severe contaminations were 3% and 1% respectively in non-ethnic group. Diarrhoea was significantly more frequent among households consuming coliform contaminated water (p<0.05).Conclusions: Half of the study population was using insanitary latrine and one fifth were collecting water from contaminated sources. Hence provision of safe water and promotion of sanitary latrine is needed to prevent waterborne diseases in this community.
Lipid profile in school children: study from a District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bansal Utkarsh , Rathoria Ekansh , Gupta Abhishek , Gupta Nyay Bhai , Agarwal Shwinka , Ahuja Ravindra , Ahuja Smriti , Rathoria Richa
Published: March 2017

Background:Lipid imbalance when diagnosed in childhood, can forecast the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood and its complications. Therefore, early detection of dyslipidemia should begin in childhood and it should lead to long-term prevention of atherosclerosis by controlling the risk factors. The Objectives of the study were to study lipid profile of children in the age group of 10-19 years and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among them.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 300 children aged 10 to 19 years, of either sex, from schools of Barabanki. After getting consent from school authorities, children and their parents, a detailed history was taken with a pre-designed pro forma and fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile.Results:Mean total cholesterol (TC) for boys and girls were 161.06±33.14 mg/dl and 164.68±33.53 mg/dl, LDL-C 99.35±27.41 mg/dl and 101.71±26.44 mg/dl, HDL-C 42.76±5.78 mg/dl and 43.93±5.68 mg/dl, VLDL-C 18.94±4.47 mg/dl and 19.04±4.97 mg/dl and triglycerides (TG) 94.69±22.34 mg/dl and 95.20±24.83 mg/dl respectively. Serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C levels were higher in girls than in boys for all age groups. 26.55% boys and 25.20% girls had TC levels above 190 mg/dl. The overall results revealed that 26.0% of children had hypercholesterolemia.Conclusions:The study presents age- and sex-related findings about the dynamics of changes in serum lipid levels in children. Significant number of children had hypercholesterolemia.
A cross sectional study on respiratory related morbidities at cotton factories in Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Mummadi Mahesh Kumar , Kusneniwar Govind N.
Published: March 2017

Background: In the last few years, globalization and rapid industrial growth lead to the emergence of occupational health issues. Byssinosis is a form of reactive airway disease, caused by exposure to cotton dust in inadequately ventilated working conditions. Cotton dust and fibres has been associated with deteriorating the respiratory function. Studies report that byssinosis is to an extent of 40% among textile workers. There were very few studies in Telangana. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to identify the magnitude of respiratory related morbidities among workers in cotton factories. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during October to December 2013 in the randomly chosen two cotton factories in the outskirts of Hyderabad. All the employees of the cotton factories were included in the study. Information about socio demographic characteristics, general health condition was collected. A highly validated Medical Research Council (MRC) UK Respiratory questionnaire was used to collect data on respiratory morbidities. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using Epi info 7. Results: A total of 159 employees were participated in the study. Males were 9.4%, females were 90.6%. Mean age was 34.25 (±10). It was noted that 3.8% had history of asthma, 2% pneumonia, 13.2% hypertension and 3.8% had diabetes. As per MRC dyspnoea scale, in the last one month, grade 2 dyspnoea was seen in 32 % and grade 3 seen in 17%. Around 64 % has been working for more than 5 years and 36 % has been working for less than 5 years in the cotton factory. It was found that the duration of exposure is statistically significant with grade 2 dyspnoea in participants working in cotton factories. Conclusions: In the present study it can be inferred that the employees in cotton factories are prone to occupational hazards. Inhalation of cotton dust resulting in respiratory morbidities. Increased morbidities are seen in employees with more duration of exposure.
Oral pemphigus vulgaris: clinicopathological study of 35 cases at a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Mahajan Ameesha , Kaur Jasleen , Manjari Mridu , Sharma Saurabh , Bains Pooja , Awal Guneet , Kaur Manpreet , Kaur Simplepreet , Chawla Saurabh
Published: March 2017

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of oral pemphigus vulgaris.

Methods: A prospective study of 35 cases of oral pemphigus vulgaris, over a period of 2.5 years from June 2014 to December 2016 in the Department of Dermatology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar was designed. Complete history and detailed mucocutaneous examination was done. Punch biopsy was performed from the oral mucosa and skin lesions (if present). Specimen was sent for histopathological examination and results analysed.

Results: Out of 35 patients, 17 (48.57%) were males and 18 (51.42%) were females. Male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The majority of the patients (12, 34.29%) were in the 40-49 year age group. Multiple sites were involved in all patients with bilateral buccal mucosa being involved in all the cases, followed by tongue (30, 85.71%). Histopathological examination showed presence of suprabasal split and acantholytic cells in all cases.

Conclusions: Oral ulcers are a presenting feature of pemphigus vulgaris which commonly precede the skin lesions. Histopathological examination enables early diagnosis of the disease which leads to prompt treatment and decreased morbidity.
Plasma application in aesthetic medicine: Clinical and physical aspects
Authors: Abtahi-Naeini Bahareh , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: March 2017

A basic understanding of plasma physics and histopathological aspects of plasma is required to understand the impact of plasma technology on aesthetic medicine. 
Picosecond laser applications in aesthetic dermatology
Authors: Saki Nasrin
Published: March 2017

Clinical trials have reported the efficacy and safety of PS lasers in the treatment of multicolored and recalcitrant tattoos.
A Evolução do Programa de Subvenção do Prêmio do Seguro Rural: Uma Avaliação do Período de 2006 a 2010
Authors: Pacheco Adriano Bicioni , Macedo Luís Otávio Bau , Espirito Santo Éllen Souza do
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo busca analisar a evolução do Programa de Subvenção do Prêmio do Seguro Rural ao longo do período de 2006 a 2010. Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os fundamentos da operação da indústria de seguros, com ênfase ao seguro rural. Desenvolveu-se uma síntese de experiências internacionais com o seguro rural: Estados Unidos, Canadá e União Europeia; posteriormente, relatou-se a política agropecuária de seguro rural do Brasil. Utilizaram-se os dados estatísticos dos Censos do Seguro Rural, compilados pelo MAPA – Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento com o objetivo de avaliar-se o programa ao longo de sua operacionalização. Identificou-se que o programa apesar de benéfico à estabilização da renda do produtor rural, ainda possui pequeno escopo de atuação frente ao total da produção agropecuária nacional. Complementarmente, os recursos federais disponibilizados precisam ser incrementados para que se alcancem taxas representativas de áreas seguradas. Por fim, indica-se a necessidade de expansão do programa especialmente orientada a médios e pequenos produtores.
Evidence of Macroeconomic Policy Effects over Company-Sector Stock Returns
Authors: Madaleno Mara , Pinho Carlos
Published: March 2017

Given that stock markets may act as an economy mirror, it is explored the sensitivity of company-sector-specific stock returns to macroeconomic news reflecting different economic environments for the UK, US, Germany, Japan and Australian markets between March 1993 and February 2013 using monthly data. Results seem to indicate that portfolio investors need to be aware that movements in the market index is the best predictor to forecast stock returns of individual companies and sectors in developed economies. Sentiment influences individual company’s returns of the utilities sector, even if these are considered of limited growth and stable earnings, for UK, USA and Australia, turning investor confidence a relevant variable to be included. Information increases about industrial production have no influence on company and sector stocks, thus not affecting investor’s decision in developed countries. As for Japan, results seem to indicate that the higher the need of oil imports of a country, the higher will be the positive impact of oil price changes over company returns. Finally, the riskless interest rate has no effect on sector stock returns independently of the country under analysis. For developed economies, we confirm the finding that stocks cannot be used as a hedge against inflation.
Crescimento e Estagnação: Os Limites da Política Econômica Brasileira do Século XXI
Authors: Souza Leonardo Flauzino
Published: March 2017

A economia brasileira vivenciou um ciclo expansivo ao longo da década de 2000, marcado pela expansão do investimento, geração de empregos e aumento da renda corrente. Após a crise econômica de 2008, que, apesar de ter seu epicentro nos mercados de dívida hipotecária norte-americana, se alastrou para várias economias do mundo, a economia brasileira entrou em uma fase de baixo crescimento, queda dos investimentos, mas com manutenção do nível de emprego. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que o recente ciclo da economia brasileira está intimamente relacionado aos mercados externos, tanto na sua fase expansiva, quanto na recessiva. Os elevados saldos em transações correntes diminuíram a dependência em relação ao capital externo para manter a estabilidade de preços, o que permitiu reduzir a taxa de juros e desvencilhar o investimento agregado. O próprio aumento da renda interna contribuiu para a redução do saldo comercial, mas a crise de 2008 intensificou este movimento, reduzindo as taxas de crescimento da economia nacional. Desta forma, a economia brasileira voltou a depender da entrada de capitais para a manutenção da estabilidade de preços e do arcabouço de políticas macroeconômicas que favorecem este movimento, a sacrificar ainda mais o crescimento do produto.
Eficiência Produtiva das Empresas Prestadoras de Serviços de Abastecimento de Água e Coleta de Esgoto nas Cidades Paulistas
Authors: Melo Ivan Da Silva , Procópio Diego Pierotti , Oliveira Adriel Rodrigues de , Silveira Suely De Fátima Ramos
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiência produtiva das empresas prestadoras de serviços de abastecimento de água e coleta de esgoto nos municípios de São Paulo, devido à delimitação do problema de pesquisa e à disponibilidade de informações da base de dados do Sistema Nacional sobre Informações de Saneamento (SNIS). Para a realização do estudo foi utilizada a metodologia do DEA (Análise Envoltória de Dados), com modelo de retornos variáveis à escala e orientação produto. Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de investimento tanto em infraestrutura quanto em modernização do setor produtivo das empresas que atuam no setor. Além disso, destaca-se a importância da entrada da iniciativa privada no setor, seja por meio de Parcerias Públicos - Privadas (PPP) ou de modo individual.
A Não Linearidade do Nexus Desenvolvimento Financeiro - Crescimento Económico: O caso dos países produtores de petróleo
Authors: Fuinhas José Alberto , Cardoso Marques António , Simão Rúben
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo apresenta uma nova perspetiva da influência do Desenvolvimento Financeiro sobre o Crescimento Económico num painel de 15 países produtores de petróleo, com um período temporal de 1981 a 2011. Incorporou-se no modelo variáveis como as rendas de petróleo, o rácio de produção de petróleo sobre consumo de energia primária, preços de petróleo, exportações de bens e serviços, consumo de petróleo e emissões de CO2. Utilizou-se o modelo ARDL, para analisar as relações dinâmicas entre as variáveis no longo e no curto prazo. Seguidamente utilizou-se o estimador Driscoll-Kray, com efeitos fixos, para corrigir a significância dos parâmetros estimados. Os resultados demonstram a não linearidade no longo prazo, através do Teste U, entre Desenvolvimento Financeiro e Crescimento Económico nos estudos formulados. Devido ao longo período estudado, às variáveis incluídas e ao uso de técnicas econométricas adequadas, ampliou-se a literatura do nexus Desenvolvimento Financeiro-Crescimento Económico.
Trabalhadoras no Setor Formal de Transporte Brasileiro: Análise para os anos de 1990, 2000 e 2010
Authors: Barros Cicera Viviane , Nunes de Queiroz Silvana
Published: March 2017

Esse artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar a evolução da participação feminina no setor formal de transporte brasileiro, nos anos de 1990, 2000 e 2010. Para tanto, traça-se o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico dos ocupados em tal atividade. Ademais, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a evolução da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho no mundo e no Brasil. A principal fonte de informação são os dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), do Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego (MTE). A busca por realizar este estudo se dar por uma discussão relevante acerca dos problemas e avanços da mulher no mercado de trabalho. As mulheres já provaram que podem ser mais do que excelentes cozinheiras e donas de casa, se mostraram excelentes professoras, médicas, advogadas, economistas, engenheiras, bancárias, empresárias, entre outras profissões. Contudo, sofrem com a discriminação de gênero tanto em relação aos postos de trabalho quanto a diferenças de salários. É por esse motivo, que a inserção feminina no setor de transporte brasileiro deve ser analisada, dado que apesar do aumento da participação da mulher no setor, poucas pesquisas trataram de estudar esse lócus notadamente masculino.
Panorama da Cadeia Produtiva da Suinocultura no Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Anunciato Karine Medeiros , Paes Nelson Leitão
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral descrever a cadeia produtiva da suinocultura no estado de Mato Grosso. A metodologia utilizada buscou detalhar a cadeia produtiva da suinocultura através de dados fornecidos da pesquisa de campo da ACRISMAT realizada em 2010, aplicada diretamente com 81 produtores e 09 frigoríficos. Em complemento foram entrevistados representantes de cooperativas deste segmento, no ano de 2014. A ACRISMAT considerou como amostra as microrregiões com maior representatividade no Estado, utilizando a metodologia rapid appraisal para a escolha dos entrevistados nestas microrregiões. Durante a análise da cadeia produtiva, observou-se que o Sistema Intensivo de Suínos Confinados (SISCON), é encontrado em 95% das granjas do estado, no ano de 2010. Com relação aos tipos de granja dados apontam que 32% das granjas são do tipo CC, 17% do tipo UPL e 48% do tipo UT nas principais regiões produtoras, de suínos do estado de Mato Grosso.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino , Passos Rosemary
Published: March 2017

Iniciamos este editorial com uma notícia que há muito esperávamos: a nossa Revista ETD – Educação Temática Digital alcançou a estratificação A1 do Qualis/Capes Periódicos. Isso quer dizer que atingimos o índice de classificação da qualidade da produção intelectual e científica dos programas de pós-graduação. Esse feito é motivo de grande satisfação e, principalmente, de agradecimento a todos os envolvidos no processo de construção deste periódico, que depositaram confiança no trabalho, e ao cumprimento da missão da Revista “que se dedica à publicação de artigos da comunidade científica nacional e internacional, que investiguem questões de interesse do campo educacional e áreas afins, tendo como objetivo a contribuição para a formação do pesquisador da área de Educação por meio da divulgação e disseminação de pesquisas e estudos realizados por educadores, vinculados a instituições nacionais e estrangeiras”.
A produção científica brasileira na área da gerontologia: (1975-1999)
Authors: Goldstein Lucila L.
Published: March 2017

A velhice e o envelhecimento têm estado em pauta desde a antigüidade, através de obras literárias e tratados eruditos, como por exemplo a obra De Senectude, de Cícero, escrita a cerca de 2000 anos. Foi porém somente neste século que vimos a emergência e a consolidação do estudo sistemático do envelhecimento, através da Gerontologia. No entanto, se vemos hoje, especialmente o Exterior, um grande florescimento no estudo do envelhecimento, entre 1900 e 1940 pouco se pesquisou sobre vida adulta e velhice. Na verdade, esses foram anos em que os estudos sobre a criança estiveram em grande expansão, com a estruturação de teorias que se mantém influentes até os dias de hoje e a realização de um grande número de pesquisas normativas, cujos dados deram grande impulso à área (BIRREN e BIRREN, 1990).
Projetos de sociedade e de educação na América Latina de hoje: construindo categorias de análise
Authors: Melo Adriana Almeida Sales de
Published: March 2017

Buscando elementos para construir a categoria de Projetos de Sociedade e de Educação, para a análise do planejamento e políticas educacionais na América Latina de hoje, este texto procura criticar exemplos de paradigmas de racionalidade que pretendem explicar estes movimentos do real, ora numa direção crítica, ora reificadora e técnica-instrumental.
Biomass-Derived, Interconnected and Reticular Carbon Microtubes Electrodes for Symmetric Capacitors
Authors: Wang Nannan , Zhang Ning , Wei Wutao , Cui Shizhong , Hou Hongwei , Zhu Guangshan , Chen Weihua , Mi Liwei
Published: March 2017

Biomass materials have received attention for energy storagebecaused of the advantage of low-cost, easy-to-prepare, and eco-friendliness. Three-dimensional carbon materialswith abundant pore structure gradually becomeresearch hotspot in high-performance energy storage. In this study, an easy-to-prepare, green, light and elastic activated carbon was present using the biomass Juncus effusus (JCE) via high-temperature pyrolysis, followed by activation in air. Compared with previously reported bio-carbons, the proposed air-activated bio-carbon contributes in the fabrication of pores to preserve the interconnected, reticular and tubular structure. Moreover, the interconnected porous material also inherits the excellent tenacity of the original JCE such as the material can be bended to below 90o under an external force while maintaining structural integrity. The activated porous carbon material exhibits an enhanced electric double-layer capacitance (~210 F g-1 at 1 A g-1), with capacitance retention of ~78.62% at 10 A g-1. The interconnected porous carbon microtubes electrode as a double-layer symmetric capacitor exhibits considerable capacitance retention (84%) after 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1. The improved energy storage performance was proposed to be attributed to the shortened ionic diffusion distance and sufficient contact between the interface of the carbon electrode and electrolyte, which is resulted from the elastic, undamaged structure and types of pores. These results demonstrated that as-preparedcarbon materials have potentional application in symmetric capacitors.
BRINGING THE HORIZON BACK IN: THE MID-RANGE APPROACH TO ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
Authors: Spink Peter
Published: March 2017

In recent years there has been a growing discussion of the lack of impact of organizational studies and, amongst other comments, on a drift away from the public sector agenda. Taking as a starting point two recent key addresses by James March and Jean-Claude Thoenig, both directed to organizational studies scholars, this paper seeks to contribute to this debate both in terms of focus and in terms of methodological approach. It argues in favor of a mid-range territorial focus on organizational affairs and to a place based action-investigation approach to methodology. In doing so it draws on the experience of the Center for Public Administration and Government of the Getulio Vargas Foundation in São Paulo with local level innovation during 1995 – 2008 and on a current project on urban vulnerabilities which has been largely shaped by these conclusions.
GERENCIANDO PESSOAS, MAS COM QUE PARADIGMA?
Authors: Medeiros Ana Lucia de , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o paradigma emergente de Boaventura Santos (BSS) como uma oposição ao paradigma tradicional positivista que tem fundamentado as teorias gerenciais. Compreende-se que as relações de produção são permeadas por conflitos entre trabalhadores e gestores, envolvendo questões de poder e conhecimento cujo objetivo é o de elevar a produtividade e o desempenho das organizações. Este ensaio teórico apresenta abordagens dos atuais paradigmas gerenciais e algumas ideias do  paradigma emergente desenvolvido por BSS. Pode-se dizer que em contraponto ao paradigma tradicional positivista dominante, este autor propõe a ecologia dos saberes como complementariedade  ao pensamento assentado nas monoculturas do saber e do rigor científico baseado em tempo linear, na produtividade mercantil e no trabalho, assim como, nas diferenças sociais e nas escalas.
Assessment of the Escherichia coli pollution in drinking water and water sources in Sistan, Iran
Authors: Nazemi Kambiz , Salari Saeed , Eskandani Majid Alipour
Published: March 2017

Water should be free of dangerous agents and able to provide the nutritional needs of humans and animals. Adequate and reliable water supply is essential for healthy animal production. This study was carried out in Sistan region, Sistan and Baluchistan State, Iran, to evaluate the pollution rate of drinking water and water sources with fecal Escherichia coli via the most probable number (MPN) method. A total number of 100 water samples were collected and divided to drinking and non-potable water groups. The non-potable water was categorized according to flow type, irrigation usage, type of accessibility and geographic location. Mean number of MPN of fecal E. coli in non-potable and drinkable water were detected, 6.1 × 102 and 2.4 coliforms per 100 mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Running water was more contaminated than still and pipe water in the study area (p < 0.05). Significantly, the MPN of fecal coliforms, in non-potable water, collected from the east was higher than the west part of the study area (p < 0.05). Among potable water, in the study area, the west part was remarkably more polluted with fecal E. coli than the east part of the study area (p < 0.05). Results indicated the applicability of water for animal consumption and an alarming signal for human consumption and public health.
Teratogenic Potential of Garbha Chintamani Rasa in Wistar Albino Rats with focus on physical and behaviour changes
Authors: Prathviraj Puranik  , VNK Usha  , B Ravishankar  , Mundugaru Ravi
Published: March 2017

Teratogens are the substances that may produce physical or functional defects in the human embryo or after the pregnant woman exposed to the substance. Exposure to the teratogenic drugs affects the foetus or embryo in a variety of ways, such as the duration of exposure, the amount of teratogenic substance, and the stage of development the embryo or foetus is in during the exposure. Teratogens may affect the embryo or foetus causing physical malformations, problems in the behavioural or emotional development of the child, and decreased intellectual quotient (IQ) in the child. The present study was carried out to assess the teratogenic potential of Garbhachintamani Rasa in Wistar albino rats based on physical and behaviroal abnormalities. The experiment was designed in such a way that the conformed pregnant rats were selected and administered with Garbhachintamani Rasa for 21 consecutive days. The delivered pups were assessed for teratogenicity based on the physical and behavioural parameter in a set of behaviroal tests such as open field test, rota rod and swimming test at different developing periods. The results showed that, there was significant physical and behavioural alteration in the test drug administered at higher dose level as compared to normal control. Thus it can be concluded that the test drug GCR at therapeutic dose showed well tolerated and nearly normal behavioral pattern, whereas at higher dose it can cause behavioral abnormalities in pups.
Role of Virechana Purvaka Shamana Sneha with Rasayana drugs in the management of Psoriasis (Ekakustha)
Authors: Sweety J. Ruparel  , Late Dr. Sudhaben Vyas
Published: March 2017

Skin diseases are taken up as a social stigma, due to altered appearance. Psoriasis is one of the most repulsive skin diseases which may disturb patient’s life. It usually runs a chronic course with remission and exacerbations. As far as treatment is concerned modern medical science has number of therapeutic measures which provide temporary relief accompanied by side effects and which make the patients to take lifelong treatment. So it is a need to find out an effective radical cure for psoriasis through Ayurveda. According to Ayurveda all skin diseases are taken under generalized term Kustha. In present study psoriasis is considered as Ekakustha, one type of Kshudrakustha. As Shodhana therapy is essential in the management of all skin diseases, Virechana Karma was selected because it is the only procedure which acts upon all three Doshas and Raktadi Dushyas which are vitiated in Kustha. After Virechana Karma, Shamana treatment was also given to alleviate remaining Doshas and to continue the normal state of Dhatus. This clinical trial was conducted on total 13 patients of psoriasis (Ekakustha) to compare the effect of Virechana Purvaka Shamana with only Shamana. For Shamana purpose Shamana Sneha (Panchatikta Ghrita) along with some Rasayana drugs were used. Duration of Shamana treatment was 2 months in both groups. Patients of both the groups showed significant results. But Virechana Purvaka Shamana was found to be more effective than only Shamana.
The effect of PKG tablet and Goghruta Nasya in Allergic Rhinitis (Vataja Pratishaya)
Authors: Lahankar Madhukar Abhasaheb  , Padavi D.M  , Makhijani B.N.
Published: March 2017

Allergic Rhinitis is the inflammation of the lining of the nose caused by allergy. The symptoms includes runny nose, sneezing, nose, roof of the mouth and ears may be itchy. It can occur due to air borne allergens such as pollens of all types, house dust mites, spores or when you eat spices or hot drinks or caffeine, or when exposed to irritant chemicals such as tobacco, smoke or perfume. In Ayurveda it is compared with Vataja Pratishaya. According to Ayurveda imbalance of Tridoshas results in the manifestation of disease. So present study was undertaken with the tablet of Guduchi, Kantakari and Pippali along with Nasya of Goghruta for period of 3 months. A significant relief in symptoms of Allergic rhinitis were noted.
Clinico comparative study of Vamana and Virechana Karma in the management of Shvitra w.s.r. to Vitiligo
Authors: Hemang Raghavani  , Kishor Satani  , Kunjal Bhatt  , Anup Thakar
Published: March 2017

Introduction: One of the baffling problems of mankind since time immemorial is the skin disease. Shvitra (Vitiligo) may become; a psychologically devastating disorder when it typically occurs in exposed areas. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of the Vamana and Virechana Karma in the management of the Shvitra (Vitiligo). Materials and Method: In this study total 92 patients of Shvitra were registered at Panchakarma dept. of I.P.G.T. & R.A. Hospital, Jamnagar. Patients were randomly divided in three groups by lottery random sampling method. In Group A - Vamana Karma and in Group B - Virechana Karma was given. After Shodhana in both Groups and in Group C Oral administration of Darvigomootra Ghanavati 6g/day with the Apamarghkshara Lepa for 8 weeks was given. Result: In VASI Score 2.16% and 4.61% relief was found in Group A and B respectively which was statistically highly significant. While in Group C 0.38% relief was found which were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Any kind of Shodhana therapy either Vamana or Virechana play a key role in the management of Shvitra. For long far and sustainable effect of the therapy Shodhana should be performed priorly.
Study of Manyasharira w.s.r. to anatomical changes in Greevakasheruka in Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis)
Authors: Sharada K. Milmile  , Sudhir M. Kandekar
Published: March 2017

Manya is Chala i.e. locomotor part of the body. In Amarkosha ‘Manya’ is described as ‘Greevapaschat Sira’. Cervical spine due to its position, complex structure and great mobility is vulnerable to injuries. In present era human being is prone to numerous degenerative diseases, because of stressful and fast lifestyles. ‘Manyastambha’ is one of such lifestyle disorder which is originated from excessive use of vehicle, excessive travelling, continuous sitting and working for hours, jobs that requires heavy lifting or a lot of bending and twisting, lack of exercise, unhealthy food habits and suppression of natural urges. Manyastambha is Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. The main symptoms of Manyastambha are Ruk (pain) and Stambha (stiffness and restricted movements). It can be clinically co-related with cervical spondylosis. Manyastambha is a degenerative disorder as well as it may be due to occupational hazard. Loss of curvature, Reduction of disc space, Osteophytes formation are main anatomical changes associated with Manyastambha in the present sample study of patients. We have found that, the most common disc space reduced at the level of C5-C6 and C6-C7. In the present observational study, housewives are more prone to develop Manyastambha (cervical spondylosis), followed by clerk, tailor, farmer. We have found that most of patients had sedentary work and Diwaaswapa, lack of exercise, causing Tridosha Prakopa dominanatly Kapha Prakopa, thereby leading to Agnimandya and Aama. Margavrodhjanaya Vaata Prakopa is the result of such Samprapti.
A Study on Anti Dyslipidemia Activity of Haritaki and Madhu in albino rats treated with high cholesterol diet
Authors: Krunalsinh Thakor  , B. R. Dodamani  , Yogeesha Acharya  , Sudhakar
Published: March 2017

Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein over production or deficiency. Dyslipidemia may be manifested by elevation of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides concentration and decrease in HDL cholesterol concentration in the blood i.e. presence of one or more than one abnormal serum lipid concentration. Dyslipidemia has becoming one of the major problems leading to various disorders like obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension etc. Dyslipidemia is a condition which shares a lot of similarity in pathogenesis and clinical presentation of Medoroga. Medoroga is a condition in which there is abnormal and unequal distribution and collection of Medo Dhatu in body. In the comprehensive Ayurvedic literature Medoroga has been synonymously described as Sthoulya, which has been classified under Ashta Nindita Purusha. The incidence and the magnitude of the problem are constant rise due to alternation in lifestyle with sedentary habits, overeating and stressful life environmental factors etc. The treatment strategy is to implement lifestyle changes including diet and exercise, weight loss and lipid lowering drugs. In spite of availability of numerous drugs, mankind is still leading miserable life with this disease. Hence Ayurveda emphasizes natural and effective remedies which are cost effective and helpful in prevention of the disease. There are variety of drugs mentioned for Medodushti and Atisthoulya. Haritaki and Madhu is one such combination explained in Samhita.
Pharmaceutical evaluation of Madhutailika Basti formulation prepared by Classical and Modified Methods
Authors: Shruthi C.S.  , Prabhakara Upadhyaya Renjal  , Sujatha K.
Published: March 2017

Madhutailika Basti’, is a type of ‘Aasthapana Basti’ also termed as ‘Niruha Basti’. The formulation of Madhutailika Basti comprises of Madhu, Lavana, Taila, Kalka and Kwatha. These ingredients are not easily miscible with each other. But to get the optimum therapeutic action from the formulation homogenious mixture of ingredients is necessary.Homogeneity of final mixture is assessed with certain features like, non- spreading, not-staying as a lump, not retaining its markings when it is placed on the palm.As this process needs creation of vigorous shear force within the mass material usage of sophisticated equipment for mixing may make the preparation processing easier and convenient, especially in large scale work.Hence it is planned to conduct the study on Madhutailika Basti formulation prepared by classical and modified methods. An effort is been put to know the reason behind serial order of mixing and difference between classical and modified methods of mixing Madhutailika Basti formulation.
Study of Antidotal Effect of Saindhavadi Yoga in Jayapala Beeja poisoning in Albino Mice
Authors: Supriya H. Sakhare  , Balasaheb D. Gaikwad
Published: March 2017

Accidental poisoning of Jayapala occurs due to ingestion of oil or overdose of medicinal preparations which contains Jayapala. It is also used as abortificant, roots may also be locally used for abortion. LD50 value of Jayapala Beeja Churna was calculated according to OECD guidelines. Drug safety of Saindhavadi Yoga was also done to see whether it was toxic or not. Then dose of both drugs were calculated. In vivo study was conducted at authentified animal house. After dosing the animals with suspension of Jayapala Beeja Churna, they are observed for symptoms of poison. All necessary precautions were taken during experiment. Observations were tabulated, Data was analysed with the help of descriptive statistics along with Mann-whiteny U test for statistical significance at p value of 0.05 and ANOVA test. Conclusion was drawn based on the analysed data that shows role of Saindhvadi Yoga as antidote against Jayapala Beeja poisoning. The observations confirmed that, Saindhvadi Yoga delays the effect of Jayapala Beeja poisoning. It shows, there is a difference in experimental (Group-II) and trial group (Group-III).
Comparative Analytical Study of Ashuddha Bhallataka and Shuddha Bhallataka
Authors: Dhiraj B. Patil  , Apeksha A. Patil  , Sanjay Nandedkar
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Bhallataka (Semecarpus Anacardium Linn.) is reported under Upavisha Dravya in classical Ayurvedic pharmacopeias. It is observed that Shodhana (purification procedures) of the fruits should be carried out before its internal administration. There are different Shodhana methods mentioned in Ayurveda. In this study brick powder was used as media. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Shodhana on Ashuddha Bhallataka and to compare the physico analytical parameters of Ashuddha Bhallataka and Shuddha Bhallataka. Materials & Methods: Ashuddha Bhallataka was taken. Cap was removed and they dumped in Pottali with brick powder. Pottali was tied. Then they were rubbed intermittent with changing brick powder till the oily content secretion from them stopped. Then they are washed with leuk warm water and dried. Discussion: Ashuddha Bhallataka containes oil in it which is removed after Shodhana process. so that foreign matter, loss on drying was less in Shuddha Bhallataka and due to Shodhana process with brick powder total ash, acid insoluble ash, was more than that of Ashuddha Bhallataka.
Essential Hypertension - An Ayurvedic Review
Authors: Ankur Singhal  , Komal Gupta
Published: March 2017

Essential hypertension is high blood pressure for which there is no clearly defined aetiology. According to oxford textbook of medicine 5th edition, in 2000 it was estimated that 25% of the world adult population were hypertensive and predicted that this would rise to 29% by 2025. By the age of 60, more than one half of adults in most regions of the world will be hypertensive. There is continuous relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk from blood pressure values as low as 115/75mm of Hg. In Ayurveda there is no specific terminology mentioned or explanation has been found regarding essential hypertension. But most of the Ayurveda experts believe that the main pathogenesis occurs in blood vessels and involves all the Doshas, including Manavahasrotas involvement. Presently the disease is treated empirically in Ayurveda clinics, so there is the need to understand it rationally in terms of Ayurveda so it can be treated accordingly with better results and prognosis. The Nidana can be explained under three factors including bijadoshas, environmental, and Manasika Doshas. It can be described as the disease with Avyakta Purvarupa and Rupa as Shirashoola, Nidranasha, Bhrama, Klama etc. The disease can be concluded as Vatapradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi with involvement of Mahamarmas.
Critical analysis of Jalodara (Ascites) - A Review
Authors: Manjunath Kotihal  , Totad Muttappa  , Vasantha B  , Sandrima KS.
Published: March 2017

Ascites is a gastroenterological term for an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity that exceeds 25ml. Ascitic fluid can accumulate as a transudate or an exudate, this is secondary diseases to such as portal hypertention, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and liver cirrhosis. Hence it is considered as one of the leading cause of death in the developing countries. Here Ascites has been understood as Jalodara. Udara is manifested because of Rasa Dhatu portion which gets extravesated from Kosta, Grahanyadi gets collected in Udara being influenced by Prakupita Vata the disease is called as Jalodara. For Dosha Nirharana Nitya Virechana, and other oral Ayurvedic medications are used as a mode of treatment. This paper throws an insight to the understanding and management of Ascites under the heading of Jalodara and also highlights the role of Nitya Virechana in the management of Jalodara.
A Critical Review of Disease Amlapitta (Gastritis)
Authors: Pramod C. Baragi  , Umapati C. Baragi
Published: March 2017

Survival of an organism on the earth is always challenged by the nature. Hunger, adverse climatic conditions, protection against wild animals and diseases are important amongst survival. Today due to modern life style and food habits most of the population are suffering from a common disease called as Gastritis. According to recent survey Gastritis is a common medical problem. Up to 10% of people, who come to a hospital emergency department with an abdominal pain, have gastritis. The incidence of gastritis in India is approximately 3 in 869 that is about 12,25,614 people suffering from gastritis out of the total 1,06,50,70,607 population. The seroprevalence studies from Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbai have shown that by ten years of age more than 50% and by 20 years more than 80% of population is infected with gastritis. In Ayurveda this disease Gastritis is coined as Amlapitta. Here in this present paper Amlapitta disease is reviewed in detail according to Ayurvedic view and Modern view.
Pharmaceutical fortification of Rasoushadhies for their better clinical utility
Authors: Shiv Om Dixit  , Vatsalya DG  , Ravindra Angadi  , Ashok Kumar B.N.
Published: March 2017

Ayurveda is known to be the oldest system of medicine whose virtue of holistic approach towards life attracts the attention of people worldwide. Ayurvedic formulations are conjuncture of herbal, mineral/metal and animal origin drugs. To effectuate therapeutic properties in these raw drugs, they are subjected to different pharmaceutical procedures (Samskaras). The fate of the drugs is predominantly decided by these procedures only. In the case of medical emergencies as well as in the management of critical diseases drug which brings about hastened relief in subordinate dose and dosage is endorsed. In Rasashastra, metals and minerals are subjected to different Samskara like Shodhana etc. to beget the properties like ‘Alpa Matra Upyogitvad’ and ‘Kshipram Aarogyam Daayitvad’ in them. The concept of incineration or Marana is the process which brings the particle size into nanometre range which makes the metal into absorbable and assimilable form. The present paper deals with the different pharmaceutical procedures which impregnate these properties in the rasa dravyas and make them suitable for use in various clinical manifestations.
Ayurvedic management of Myositis Ossificans of Vastus Lateralis Muscle (Urusthamba) - A Case Study
Authors: Vishnu Mohan  , Gopikrishna BJ  , Avnish Pathak  , Mahesh Kumar ES  , Duradundi G Gudasi
Published: March 2017

Myositis ossificansis characterized by heterotopic ossification (calcification) of muscle of various etiologies. It is most commonly affected in the quadriceps of the thighs. There are many tools available for diagnosis of Myositis ossificans, but lack of satisfactory treatment. So the development of a treatment protocol for Myositis ossificans is the need of today`s era. In Ayurveda, the same can be understood as Urusthamba. The present paper discusses a case of Myositis ossificans of right vastus lateralis muscle and its Ayurvedic treatment.
Seeking Truth in Colombia: Perspectives on a Truth Commission
Authors: Ortiz Acosta Ingrid Marisol
Published: March 2017

Las Comisiones de la Verdad (CV) constituyen un mecanismo de justicia transicional muy importante, pero su efectividad es difícil de medir. Este artículo sugiere tres categorías para medir el impacto de las CV: el cumplimiento de sus mandatos y objetivos; la expedición de un reporte final; y, el logro de cierto impacto político con sus recomendaciones (Brahm, 2007; Ceballos Medina, 2009). La propuesta de una Comisión Colombiana de la Verdad expedida por el Gobierno y las FARC-EP el 4 de Junio de 2015 es analizada aquí bajo estas categorías para determinar retos y oportunidades para su implementación. Este es un ejercicio pragmático que se enfoca únicamente en la propuesta pero que reconoce que la construcción de verdad y memoria histórica depende de muchos otros aspectos de las negociaciones.
SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF RELATED SUBSTANCES IN PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE BY HPLC
Authors: Balaji N. , Sultana Sayeeda
Published: March 2017

Objective: An efficient, high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantification of related substances in pioglitazone hydrochloride drug substance.Methods: This method includes the determination of three related substances in pioglitazone hydrochloride. The mobile phase A is 0.1% w/v triethylamine in water with pH 2.5 adjusted by dilute phosphoric acid. The mobile phase B is premixed and degassed mixtures of acetonitrile and methanol. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. The elution used was gradient mode. The HPLC column used for the analysis was symmetry C18 with a length of 250 mm, the internal diameter of 4.6 mm and particle size of 5.0 microns.Results: The developed method was found to be linear with the range of 0.006-250% with a coefficient of correlation 0.99. The precision study revealed that the percentage relative standard deviation was within the acceptable limit. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the impurities was less than 0.002%and 0.006% with respect to pioglitazone hydrochloride test concentration of 2000 µg/ml respectively. This method has been validated as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1).Conclusion: A reliable, economical HPLC method was magnificently established for quantitative analysis of related substances of pioglitazone hydrochloride drug substance.
“'The Constitution means what the Supreme Court says it means'... Mas só quando eu quero!” Sobre como (não) trabalhar com precedentes judiciais
Authors: Alcântara Guilherme Gonçalves , Prado Florestan
Published: March 2017

Uma análise semiótica dos argumentos trazidos à luz pela 9ª Câmara de Direito Criminal do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo quando frente aos julgamentos paradigmáticos do Supremo Tribunal Federal em seara processual penal, especificamente tratando da presunção de inocência e da individualização da pena. Utilizou-se o método fenomenológico para trazer à práxis judiciária paulista um constrangimento hermenêutico dirigido ao solipsismo judicial.
Soluções negociadas de justiça penal no direito português: uma realidade atual numa galáxia distante?
Authors: Ferreira de Oliveira André
Published: March 2017

As ideias de consenso e celeridade processual enformam os Direitos processuais penais dos países democráticos cada vez com maior premência. Soluções de Justiça criminal negociada têm-se multiplicado nos anos mais recentes, colocando uma ampla gama de desafios à pura e tradicional doutrina processualista pura, aos tradicionais direitos dos intervenientes processuais, questionando-se se a profusão da criminalidade (cada vez mais) organizada e os métodos tecnológicos e transnacionais do iter criminis não alteraram o centro da dialética tensão administração eficiente da Justiça/direitos dos Arguidos. Portugal não é exceção: sem um enquadramento legislativo consagrando expressamente um sistema de colaboração premiada, mister é questionar se o Código do Processo Penal admite ou poderá admitir soluções negociadas de Justiça criminal; analisaremos algumas soluções de consensualismo legalmente consagradas, sem deixar de lado a análise da dogmática e jurisprudência lusas.