bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancements in Intelligent Control Techniques of Active Suspension System
Authors: Labh Shacheendra Kishor , Khanal Rishav , Dahal Chiranjivi
Published: February 2025

Active suspension systems are designed to improve vehicle ride comfort and handling stability by adapting to changing road conditions, surpassing the capabilities of traditional passive and semi-active systems. The article explores intelligent control approaches in active suspension systems, focusing on three main strategies: FLC (Fuzzy Logic Control), Fuzzy PID Control, and MPC (Model Predictive Control). FLC is highlighted for its capacity to manage uncertainties and nonlinear vehicle dynamics using rule-based decision-making. Fuzzy PID Control builds upon traditional PID control by incorporating fuzzy logic, enabling real-time adjustments and improved adaptability to road conditions. This approach improves performance in complex systems by optimizing control gains, enhancing stability and comfort. MPC is noted for its predictive capability, which optimizes control actions based on future states, making it highly effective in multi-variable and constraint-heavy applications, despite its computational demands. While FLC and Fuzzy PID are simpler and responsive, MPC provides the advantage of precision in complex, high-dimensional scenarios. Reducing MPC’s computational complexity for real-time use, enhancing adaptability through hybrid controls along with optimizing energy use alongside ride comfort and stability is the future in intelligent control of active suspension.
A Review of Various Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Techniques Used in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Asmita , Yadav Anmol Singh , Pandit Agriya Sagar , Deo Abhishek , Chhetri Pawan
Published: February 2025

A landslide is one of the most destructive geological hazards in Nepal. For systematic mitigation and management of landslide, comprehensive landslide evaluation and hazard zonation are essentially needed. During recent decades, various susceptibility mapping methods have been applied to identify landslide-prone areas in Nepal. This review article analyzes the strengths, limitations, and effectiveness of methods such as Frequency Ratio (FR), Weight of Evidence (WoE), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Logistic Regression (LR), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), in mapping landslide susceptibility and underlines significant research gaps through a review of various past studies from Nepal. FR and WoE are user-friendly, but they require extensive historical data, whereas AHP relies on expert judgment without the need for previous information. LR and ANN are very accurate and reliable but are resource-intensive. There is a great research gap that needs to discuss how factors such as local conditions, selection of training data, and data quality interact to influence the effectiveness of the methods and lead to different predictions in different areas. Further, the models also do not incorporate some vital parameters like groundwater modelling and soil depth that are very crucial for improvement of accuracy and interpretation of landslide dangers. Finally, suitable models need to be employed so that a critical study of susceptibility can be conducted and landslide management strategies can be more effective.
Structural Analysis of Hydropower Stoplog: A Case Study of Seti Hydropower Project
Authors: Timilsina Sagar , Katuwal Paras
Published: February 2025

Hydropower stoplogs are essential components in managing water flow within hydropower facilities, playing a critical role in ensuring safe operations and maintenance. Despite advancements in technology, existing designs face persistent challenges related to efficiency, environmental impact, and maintenance needs, highlighting a significant research gap in optimizing stoplog design. This study aims to address these issues by employing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to evaluate stress distributions and material behavior in stoplog design, thereby enhancing overall performance. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature review, analytical design calculations, and the development of a detailed Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model, followed by iterative static structural analysis using ANSYS Mechanical. Key findings revealed that the integration of stiffeners and support systems significantly improved the stoplog's performance, achieving a maximum central deflection of 11.226 mm—just within the allowable limit of 11.25 mm—and a maximum stress of 241.18 MPa, well below permissible limits. These results confirm that the optimized stoplog design is both safe and efficient, illustrating the effectiveness of FEA in advancing hydropower infrastructure.
Psychology of the mass movement
Authors: Kugai Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: February 2025

The chapter is devoted to ethology and the driving forces of mass movements, highlighting fanaticism, power, and the blogosphere. Where there are social problems and literate people, sharp minds with a mastery of words arise to define these problems and create unrest among those who can read, hear, and understand. Unless those in power shower honors and rewards on these sharp minds and masters of words, thus ripping out their stings and destroying their utility in creating dissension, conditions will ripen to the point where a leader will arise as the savior of the disenfranchised. Those who come to power are not fanatics; they are usually practical men of action, possessed of a different kind of genius. They know how to shape working problems out of the seething masses of people. They are career rulers – a different set from those who have recently fallen from power. The masses desire the strong and support power while it is strong. The masses rebel not against the wickedness of the old regime, but against the weak. At first, the masses feel that the government has weakened, and then they begin to remind it of the bad things it did.
A study of the impact of digitalization on the development of reading literacy in schoolchildren
Authors: Shapirova Railia Ravilevna , Akhtarieva Raziia Faizievna
Published: February 2025

One of the key challenges associated with the introduction of digital technologies is changing the structure and form of reading. Schoolchildren increasingly prefer short, visually rich texts, which affects their ability to perceive more complex, multi-layered literary works. To improve the level of reading literacy, it is necessary to develop comprehensive approaches that take into account the opportunities and limitations of the digital environment so that every student can maximize the benefits of using modern technologies in education. The authors considered the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the impact of digitalization on the development of reading literacy in schoolchildren, analyzed the experience of using digitalization to develop reading literacy in schoolchildren, and identified the levels of reading literacy. To solve the tasks set, scientific tools were used, including comparative and statistical analysis, study and analysis of research carried out in the field of school education, study of regulatory documents, modeling, observation, study of educational products, and questionnaires.
Competence-based approach as the basis for the formation of educational motivation of students in the pedagogical field
Authors: Ryspaeva Cholpon Kurmanbekovna , Akhunzhanova Makhfuza Khokimzhanovna
Published: February 2025

In the modern conditions of training of teaching staff, the development of students' educational motivation is of particular importance. One of the effective tools for its formation is the competence-based approach, which is focused on the development of professionally significant knowledge, skills and personal qualities. In the chapter examines the theoretical foundations of the competence-based approach, its impact on the educational motivation of students of pedagogical specialties, as well as the main factors that contribute to increasing motivation for learning. The methods and technologies aimed at developing educational motivation within the framework of the competence-based approach are analyzed, including practice-oriented learning, project activities, interactive forms of work and reflective methods. Examples of successful implementation of the competence-based approach in the educational process of pedagogical universities are given. In conclusion, conclusions are formulated about the importance of the competence-based approach for the formation of sustainable educational motivation and recommendations are given for improving educational programs.
Stemi in Dakar Registry: Evaluation of Data at 06 Months
Authors: Dioum Momar
Published: February 2025

Introduction: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a worldwide scourge with dramatic consequences both functionally and prognostically. In Senegal, since 2014, enormous progress has been made to improve the management of this disease. However, some challenges remain. The overall objective of this study was to assess the overall management of patients with STEMI.

Methodology: This is a prospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 06 months from April 1st, 2023 to September 31th, 2023. All patients admitted to the four major cardiology departments in Dakar for STEMI were included. The socio-demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary parameters were studied. We entered the data with the Kobotoolbox software and analyzed the results using the SPSS software. The threshold of significance was a value of p < 0.05.

Results: We included 157 patients, the hospital prevalence was 11.7%. The sex ratio H/F was 2.48. The mean age of patients was 58 years. The average time between onset of pain and first medical contact (FMC) was 10.57 hours. The proportion of patients received before the first 12 hours was 79.6%. The coronary angiography rate was 66.5% and it was abnormal for 96.3%. It was predominantly one-vessel coronary artery disease (51%). The rate of completion of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was 24.2%. Thrombolysis was performed in 32.5% of patients with a success rate of 49%. Hospital mortality was 10.8% or 17 patients. The factors of poor prognosis identified were: number of medical facilities consulted before admission to cardiology (p value = 0.04), presence of conductive disorders (p value = 0.006) and absence of PCI (p value = 0.04).

Conclusion: STEMI is on the rise in our country. Diagnostic delays remain long. The management is suboptimal and sometimes dramatic consequences.
COMPARISON OF THE EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF LEARNERS AT THE UNIVERSITIES OF THE THIRD AGE IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Authors: HRYSHKO VIKTORIA
Published: February 2025

The author presents the results of surveys of elderly people conducted in Ukraine and Poland. Among the urgent problems that concern Ukrainian elderly people are: health, loneliness, lack of work that would bring satisfaction, the loss of loved ones, the unsettled life of their children, as well as the political and economic situation in the country. Educational needs were not raised in these studies. In Poland, surveys of the learners at the Universities of the Third Age (U3As) are often conducted. Most respondents perceive old age as another stage of life that can be used for their development rather than a period of illness and loneliness. The researchers were interested in motivation of elderly people to studying at U3A. The prevailing responses included the desire to expand their knowledge and intensify intellectual development, maintain relationships with people of the same age group, be physically fit, have fun, fulfill their youthful dream of education etc. Most respondents indicated the relationship between studying at the U3A and improving the quality of life. The presented results of the Polish research, in contrast to the Ukrainian one, clearly confirm the positive impact of U3A on the formation of the elderly’s quality of life. Positive feedback testifies about active and qualitative aging of the people, for whom activity, optimism and openness to others are very important issues. The author conducted her own survey on the educational needs of the elderly in Ukraine. It has been found out that 65% of elderly people have not heard about the existence of U3As in Ukraine. Only 47% of respondents want to study, while 53 % do not have this desire for various reasons. This necessitates some measures to promote and extend the activities of U3As in Ukraine.
THE MEANING OF WORK FOR THE ELDERLY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE EMPLOYMENT MARKET: POLISH DIMENSIONS
Authors: PIKUŁA NORBERT G.
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, a time of dynamic civilisational, economic, technological and other changes, the approach to professional work, opportunities of employment as well as personal development and professional career is also changing. The transformation, the dynamic civilisation development, the globalisation and the so-called consumer revolution have significantly influenced the change in views on work and professional career. In this dynamics of transformations, older people, being retired, perceive both the changes and work in a slightly different way than young people entering the labour and employment market. This is due to their inclinations and features characteristic for their age and health condition. Besides, the functioning of seniors in the labour market is not easy in modern times. From the perspective of work in the ‘volatile’ employment market, it can be observed that, on the one hand, the duration of employment is getting shorter and shorter but in this short period of time, within a certain number of working hours, an employee has to ‘deliver’ as much as possible: ideas, initiatives and activities contributing to the development of the employing institution in order not to lose the already short period of employment and the possibility of adding new skills or achievements to the portfolio. Engaging older people in professional work, maintaining their activity in the labour market is possible with properly implemented social, economic, and educational policies with regard to older people. This paper focuses on the essence of work, its value and meaning for older people from the perspective of work activity and retirement experiences. It shows how work has shaped and continues to shape contemporary seniors and how they perceive themselves on the labour market and their own development opportunities.
Impact of sewage from the town of Iaşi – at the limit of man made disaster – on the microbiota of the River Bahlui
Authors: Dunca Simona  , Ştefan Marius  , Toma Ovidiu
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a study focused on the process of water contamination as a consequence of human activities at the limit of man made disaster, concerning pollutant diversification as a result of the development of manufacturing processes. The investigations were focused on the evaluation of the pollution level as well as the self-purification (eutrophication) capacity of the Bahlui river waters in Iaşi, Romania, by means of quantitative assessment of certain ecophysiological groups of bacteria involved in organic residue recycling, also by determining of sanitary-bacteriological attributes describing the quality of water.
Inter-Ethnic Groups and Perception of Terrorism
Authors: Kimhi Shaul  , Canetti-Nisim Daphna
Published: February 2025

Minority groups are very common throughout Western society, mainly as a result of massive immigration during the last century. These groups have developed their own identities due to a variety of social factors. Even though ethnic identity plays an important role in evoking many human perceptions, rarely have ethnic identities been analyzed for their effects on attribution of responsibility to terrorism. Drawing on attribution theory, we argue that the way people understand ethnic relations and analyze causal relationships plays a crucial role in their willingness to denounce or support violent acts of terrorism. Members of minority groups tend to approve of terrorism more often than not. Perpetrators who are members of the majority tend to be seen as more detestable. We test these hypotheses using evidence from an original experiment involving 308 adult Israelis (166 Jews and 142 Arabs) conducted in 2005 at the height of the Palestinian uprising. Respondents were randomly assigned to three groups, each of which was presented with a terror attack scenario: a) a Jewish perpetrator; b) a Palestinian perpetrator; c) a neutral perpetrator (Asian). Arabs tended to denounce terrorist acts less than Jews; Jewish perpetrators were perceived to be abhorrent. These findings suggest that ethnic identity plays a crucial role in the way one attributes motivations and values to terrorism.
Boolean Functions on Odd Number of Variables Having Nonlinearity Greater Than the Bent Concatenation Bound
Authors: Maitra Subhamoy
Published: February 2025

Here we briefly survey the state of the art nonlinearity results for Boolean functions on odd number of input variables having very high nonlinearity. We outline some results on even variable Boolean functions too.
On Correlation Immune Boolean Functions
Authors: Tarannikov Yuriy
Published: February 2025

In the present paper we consider correlation immune Boolean functions and related problems. We give some interesting and important results as well as open problems. Of course, we could not give in a short paper all known results. Therefore, the facts most interesting for the author were selected.
On Balanced Nonlinear Boolean Functions
Authors: Zheng Yuliang  , Zhang Xian-Mo
Published: February 2025

This paper surveys techniques for studying and constructing balanced Boolean functions that exhibit desirable nonlinear properties including high nonlinearity, good avalanche characteristics and high orders of correlation immunity. Emphasis is placed on techniques that are of combinatorial nature, especially those that utilize extensively Hadamard matrices and hypergraphs.
Putting the Umm Back in the Umma – Suicide Attack: Understanding the Terrorists' Deepest Terrors
Authors: Hatveldt Kobrin Nancy
Published: February 2025

This paper attempts to outline how the projected image of the female suicide bomber is directly linked to the prenatal mother. We are all aware how violence is viciously cruel. Terror is different from fear. It is nonverbal and left over from early childhood where it has not been put into words and then acted out nonverbally. This contribution explores the role which the mother plays in the early life of a child. I refer mainly to the works of Melanie Klein who shed light on how we relate to the world nonverbally through the use of objects. She took up where her mentor, Sigmund Freud, had left off by taking the emphasis away from the father to the importance of the bonding relationship between the infant and the “good breast.” Nowadays neuroscience teaches that the mother-infant relationship is crucial for the development of a healthy well-adjusted child who can grow to trust his own perceptions of the world surrounding him. What does this say about terrorists?
British Muslims
Authors: Admani Sheikh Musa
Published: February 2025

A new method of education is required in Muslim communities to defuse the radicals. Such a method, based on Qur'anic teachings and espousal of bedrock Western values, can be effective.
Developing Rules of Engagement for Counter-Terrorism and Crises
Authors: Aytaç Osman
Published: February 2025

One of the best tools available to policy-makers to help manage armed forces during a crisis is a set of orders known as Rules of Engagement (ROE). ROE are guidelines specifying under what conditions or circumstances force may be used to satisfy political and/or military demands. Tension inescapably exits in a system that subordinates armed forces under civilian control while retaining military command. Managing this tension by delineating the boundaries of military action in support of political objectives is another major role of ROE. There are vital links between the strategic and tactical levels of conflict. The strongest of these links are often ROE. They enable mission accomplishment, force protection, and compliance with law and policy. ROE are a kind of tool for politicians to control the level of “use of force” by the military. ROE are also used by military commanders to command and control their units in order to fulfill the requirements of their mission accomplishment. The ROE for counter-terrorist operations are different to war ROE in terms of applicable law and the political desire, which must avoid being provocative in order to minimize the possibility of escalating the political situation.
Overview of the Crisis Management Related to a Terrorist Attack
Authors: Ersen Ugur
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to present an overview of crisis management activities and terrorism relationship. In order to be able to provide a concise and comprehensive overview, the main structure of crisis management activities and the key points will be emphasized along with a few lessons learned selected from previous major terrorist events. The policy and strategy is developed by the ministry and government, but there are supervisory roles also for the Crisis Management Center (CMC), on-scene leaders, and response team leaders. The tools for crisis management include logistics, health and safety, information management, public order, and legal support. The CMC, providing centralized control, may be composed of police, army, firefighters, health workers, municipality, and other experts. This chapter then analyses the phases of crisis management, from the planning and preparation, including exercises, to the execution. The execution of responding to a crisis is also divided into phases, from the initial response, to recovery and lessons learned. Detailed planning is vital for preventing or managing a crisis.
Numerical Calculation of Power Losses and Short-Circuit Forces in Isolated-Phase Generator Busbar
Authors: Gorenc Dalibor  , Marusic Ivica
Published: February 2025

Metal enclosed generator busbars are applied in electric power plants for the transmission of electric power from generator to transformer. The losses in conductors and enclosures due to rated current are the basis for the calculation of steady state temperature-rises. On the other hand, the maximum force on the conductor due to short-circuit current is an important parameter in determination of mechanical stresses in the conductors and supports. In this paper, using a program based on finite element method (FEM), power losses and short-circuit forces are calculated in arrangement of isolated-phase generator busbar.
Computation of the Equivalent Characteristics of Anisotropic Laminated Magnetic Cores
Authors: Napieralska-Juszczak E.  , Roger D.  , Duchesne S.  , Lecointe J.-Ph.
Published: February 2025

The method presented in this paper allows computing the equivalent characteristic of anisotropic steel sheets used to stack the magnetic circuits. The reluctivity of the anisotropic sheets is a function of the flux density B and the angle between the flux density vector and the rolling direction. This paper focuses particularly the problem of modeling different kinds of overlaps and apparent air-gaps is solved by the homogenization technique which is based on the assumption that, in the layer structure, the magnetic field energy tends to achieve its minimum. The presented method has been verified by comparing the computational results with the measurements of real sets. The paper presents the analysis of magnetic properties of overlaps taking into account the magnetic characteristics of the steel.
Analytical Evaluation of Flux-Linkages and Electromotive Forces in Synchronous Machines Considering Slotting, Saliency and Saturation Effects
Authors: di Gerlando Antonino  , Foglia Gianmaria  , Perini Roberto
Published: February 2025

An analytical approach to the evaluation of flux linkages and e.m.f.s in salient-pole synchronous machines is developed, capable to accurately allow for the actual winding structure, the stator and rotor air-gap geometry (slotting and saliency), under any saturated, steady-state or transient operating condition.
Influence of Air Gap Diameter to the Performance of Concentrated Wound Permanent Magnet Motors
Authors: Salminen Pia  , Parviainen Asko  , Niemelä Markku  , Pyrhönen Juha
Published: February 2025

The study addresses the torque production capabilities of concentrated wound permanent magnet machines in the motor frame size 225. The main target of the study is to investigate how much more torque can be achieved by increasing the air gap diameter of concentrated wound machines, using the pole pair number as a variable in the study and keeping the machine stator frame external diameter and stack length as fixed parameters. First, the torque dependence on the pole pair number with a constant air gap is studied.
Numerical Calculation of Eddy Current Losses in Permanent Magnets of BLDC Machine
Authors: Miljavec Damijan  , Zidarič Bogomir
Published: February 2025

The aim of the paper is the numerical calculation and analyze of eddy currents in permanent magnets (PM) of brush-less direct current (BLDC) machines. The main source of these induced eddy currents is in reluctance variation due to stator geometry. The study is carried out on outer rotor BLDC machine. The 3-D time-stepping finite-element analyze is used to clarify this phenomenon. The induced eddy-current distribution in the PM and the resulting power losses are calculated. Also, the study of this parasitic effect is curried out by 2D time-stepping finite-element analyze. The induced eddy current losses in PM due to different stator geometries are calculated and analyzed.
Influence of the Stator Slot Opening Configuration on the Performance of an Axial-Flux Induction Motor
Authors: Parviainen Asko  , Valtonen Mikko
Published: February 2025

Axial-flux induction machines are found to be an attractive solution in some specific industrial applications. However, the rotor construction of an axial-flux induction motor is sensitive to harmonic losses caused by permenace harmonics and time harmonics in the supply current. The paper concentrates on studying the possibility of improving the machine efficiency by adjusting the stator slot opening configuration.
The Influence of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Dielectromagnetics
Authors: Slusarek Barbara  , Gawrys Piotr  , Przybylski Marek
Published: February 2025

Development of technology and notably development of new generation magnetic materials caused substitution of cast magnets with magnets manufactured in the process of powder metallurgy. Development in magnetic materials is observed not only hard magnetic materials, but also soft magnetic materials. Particular intensive development can be observed in powder materials, which more and more often substitute traditional materials, e.g. electrical steel. The main factor deciding about application of soft magnetic elements is its magnetic properties. In many applications mechanic properties are equally important as magnetic parameters. Physical properties of materials change with the change in temperature. The main goal of research is to know changes of mechanical properties of dielectromagnetics with changes of temperature.
Macro- and Microscopic Approach to the Problem of Distribution of Magnetic Field in the Working Space of the Separator
Authors: Cieśla Antoni
Published: February 2025

The subject of this paper is field distribution in a magnetic separator containing ferromagnetic matrix where the magnetic field is generated by a dc superconducting magnet. To develop invariable conditions for the extraction of particles from the slurry in a filter matrix, it is necessary to create a homogenous magnetic field within the working space of the device. The source of the field is usually a solenoidal coil winding with superconducting wire and, in order to achieve the design objective of field uniformity, various configurations have been considered using optimisation techniques (macroscopic model). Also distribution of the magnetic field around single ferromagnetic filament of the steel wool placed in homogenous field of the separator is considered (microscopic model). Analysis of the single filament is essential to describe particles movement in the matrix. Some simulation results are presented and the most promising solutions are high-lighted.
Study on High Efficiency Switched Reluctance Drive for Centrifugal Pumping System
Authors: Li Jian  , Cha Junho  , Cho Yunhyun
Published: February 2025

Variable speed drives are widely used in pump system for the energy efficiency potential. In this paper a switched reluctance motor and variable speed drive is designed. Considering pumping system's requirements, ‘base speed’ and rated torque is carefully decided to give a high efficiency in wide speed range. Rotor's shape is also studied to give good dynamic performance. The motor's geometry was optimized for high efficiency.
3-D Finite Element Mesh Optimization Based on a Bacterial Chemotaxis Algorithm
Authors: Coco S.  , Laudani A.  , Riganti Fulginei F.  , Salvini A.
Published: February 2025

An approach based on a bacterial chemotaxis algorithm dedicated to the 3-D finite element mesh optimization is presented. By starting from an assigned mesh, the ‘bacterial chemotaxis algorithm’ modifies the initial configuration by changing the spatial coordinates of specific mesh nodes (or possibly by canceling them) while all node connections are kept fixed. This approach guarantees an appreciable reduction of the number of elements preserving a high quality of the mesh. This is a fundamental rule for reducing computational costs and preserving the accuracy of the numerical results. The approach has been validated on the meshing of a 3-D Helix structure of a TWT.
Fundamental Feature Extraction Methods for the Analysis of Eddy Current Data
Authors: Knopp Jeremy S.  , Aldrin John C.
Published: February 2025

Features are investigated in eddy current data that are sensitive to corrosion and fatigue cracks in airframe structures while invariant to other NDE noise factors. To investigate subsurface corrosion characterization at the faying surface, a series of eddy current studies were performed using an analytical model for varying total subsurface thickness loss and percentage of the thickness loss occurring in each layer. Results for the simulated studies are presented demonstrating a novel feature for corrosion characterization using first and second order derivatives of the impedance response with respect to frequency. For characterization of subsurface cracks around fastener holes in structures, numerical simulations and experimental studies are presented. Unique features in the measurement response in circumferential direction were found to be sensitive to subsurface cracks around fastener holes and invariant to irregular geometric factors such as fastener fit and probe tilt. Multifrequency eddy current data combined with circumferential (spatial) measurement features were found to be promising for characterizing subsurface cracks in terms of length and depth.
Integration of tilted coil models in a volume integral method for realistic simulations of eddy current inspections
Authors: Theodoulidis Theodoros  , Pichenot Gregoire
Published: February 2025

Tilted coil models are incorporated in a Volume Integral Method code for realistic simulations of eddy current inspections. The coils have either cylindrical or rectangular shapes and the configurations involve a layered conductor system with an arbitrary number of layers. Emphasis is put on the rapid calculation of the incident fields by modifying existing integral expressions to equivalent Fourier-type series expressions. In this paper we present only the cylindrical coil configuration. Theoretical results for the crack signal of a titled coil are verified by experimental measurements.
Remote field eddy current control using rotating magnetic field transducer. Application to pressure tubes examination
Authors: Savin Adriana  , Udpa Lalita  , Steigmann Rozina  , Bruna Alina  , Grimberg Raimond  , Udpa Satish S.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we propose to investigate the possibility of obtaining the remote field effect for the transducer with rotating magnetic field and to use this for detecting the artificially discontinuities practiced on un-irradiated pressure tubes samples.
Evaluation of Irradiation Embrittlement in Fe-Cu-Ni-Mn Model Alloys by Measurements of Magnetic Minor Hysteresis Loops
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru  , Kikuchi Hiroaki  , Takahashi Seiki  , Ara Katsuyuki  , Kamada Yasuhiro
Published: February 2025

Magnetic minor hysteresis loops of neutron-irradiated Fe-Cu-Ni-Mn model alloys varying Cu and Ni contents have been measured. For almost alloys minor-loop coefficients which are in proportion to internal stress decrease after neutron irradiation to a maximum fluence of 0.44×1019n cm−2. The decrease of the coefficients is strongly enhanced for alloys with high Cu and high Ni contents. Both magnetic and mechanical properties are correlated with each other and the coefficients are roughly in inverse proportion to yield strength.
Evaluation of Chill Contents in Flake Graphite Cast Irons Using AC Magnetization Method
Authors: Uchimoto Tetsuya  , Matsukawa Jun  , Abe Toshihiko  , Takagi Toshiyuki  , Sato Takeshi  , Ike Hiroyuki  , Takagawa Takahito  , Horikawa Noritaka
Published: February 2025

In this study, feasibility of evaluation for chill contents in flake graphite cast iron is investigated based on AC magnetization method, which is one of the electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation methods. Magnetic properties of flake graphite cast iron samples with different chill contents were measured by a B-H loop analyzer in order to discuss their relation to chill contents. It was found that some magnetic parameters of the flake graphite cast iron depend on the contents of matrices and graphite. Especially, the hardness, which reflects chill contents, has good correlation with the area of hysteresis loop at relatively high frequencies. Focusing on the finding, AC magnetization method was applied to evaluation for the chill contents. Through the experiment, it was found that there is a correlation between hardness of flake graphite cast irons with chill and signals. In consequence, AC magnetization method has a capability of evaluating chill contents in flake graphite cast irons.
Unfinished Business: The North Korean Nuclear Weapons Program
Authors: Pollack Jonathan D.
Published: February 2025

Over the course of 25 years, the U.S. and other states have employed four separate strategies to prevent or inhibit North Korea's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability, none of which have yielded definitive success. The current efforts through the Six-Party Talks (also encompassing separate bilateral understandings between the United States and North Korea) seem likely to achieve measurable results, especially the capping of Pyongyang's inventory of fissile material. But a host of larger issues remain unresolved, including the dismantlement of North Korea's known nuclear infrastructure and (in a more long-term sense) the disposition of North Korea's weapons-related materials and technology, fissile material inventory, and any completed weapons.
The Present and the Future of Nuclear Doctrines
Authors: Nikitin Alexander  , Oznobishchev Sergey
Published: February 2025

The nuclear doctrines and strategies of the nuclear weapons states remain mired in Cold War thinking and are based on a deterrence principle that is obsolete in the atmosphere of the declared partnership between Russia and the West. The provisions of these nuclear doctrines and strategies cannot provide an effective defense against modern threats and challenges, particularly, terrorism and the proliferation of WMD. In the face of these threats, a new level of cooperation between states is needed. This will be impossible to achieve without a broad and public cooperative discussion and at meeting of the minds among politicians and experts of the concerned countries concerning threat perceptions and the adequacy of nuclear strategies in the context of modern geopolitical realities.
Fighting Web Spam
Authors: Sydow Marcin  , Piskorski Jakub  , Weiss Dawid  , Castillo Carlos
Published: February 2025

High ranking of a Web site in search engines can be directly correlated to high revenues. This amplifies the phenomenon of Web spamming which can be defined as preparing or manipulating any features of Web documents or hosts to mislead search engines' ranking algorithms to gain an undeservedly high position in search results. Web spam remarkably deteriorates the information quality available on the Web and thus affects the whole Web community including search engines. The struggle between search engines and spammers is ongoing: both sides apply increasingly sophisticated techniques and counter-techniques against each other.
A Review of Anomaly Detection on Graphs
Authors: Platanioti Kiriaki  , Heard Nicholas A.  , Hand David J.
Published: February 2025

Anomaly detection on graphs of social or communication networks has important security applications. The definition of a graph anomaly typically depends on the data and application of interest. Usually central in anomaly detection are the connections amongst the graph's entries and various methods have been developed for their analysis. We review these techniques and also discuss challenges currently faced for high-dimensional dynamic graphs.
Learning using hidden information: Master-class learning
Authors: Vapnik Vladimir  , Vashist Akshay  , Pavlovitch Natalya
Published: February 2025

The classical setting of the supervised learning problem is to learn a decision rule from labeled data where data is points in some space 𝒳 and labels are in {+1,−1}. In this paper we consider an extension of this supervised learning setting: given training vectors in space 𝒳 along with labels and description of this data in another space 𝒳*, find in space 𝒳 a decision rule better than the one found in the classical setting [1]. Thus, in this setting we use two spaces for describing the training data but the test data is given only in the space 𝒳. In this paper, using SVM type algorithms, we demonstrate the potential advantage of the new setting.
Safety in Hazardous Material Road Transportation: State of the Art and Emerging Problems
Authors: Bruglieri Maurizio  , Maja Roberto  , Marchionni Giovanna  , Rainoldi Giovanni
Published: February 2025

In the last years, numerous accidents have made to lift the level of attention related to the safety in the road transportation of hazardous materials. Also in absence of serious wounded, the dangerousness of the interventions requires very long times for the restoration of the normal road circulation causing huge damages economic and strong discomforts to the users. The hazmat transportation is disciplined for a long time by the ADR. However it only concerns passive measures related to the vehicles, to the packing and the labelling of materials, but it does not prescribe provisions to adopt during the trip. The purpose of the present job is to furnish a wide overview of the risk forecast and prevention and of emergency activation measures resorting to the employment of technological and operational systems and especially to the decision support systems tools.
Multidisciplinary Generation of Car Design Requirements for Older Drivers: A Functional Analysis
Authors: Flöck Corinna  , Mekhilef Mounib  , Le Cardinal Julie
Published: February 2025

The proportion of older people in the population is rising, as is the proportion of older driving licence holders. The needs and abilities of older drivers therefore need to be considered in vehicle design. Our research is focussing on the multidisciplinary identification of design requirements for aged drivers. Research on older drivers has become a field of interest in various research domains and technical areas but coherent results are still missing. We need interdisciplinary approaches directly aimed at supporting older road users. We suggest a functional analysis in order to assist us in identifying the actors, aims and limits of our system. Our analysis is motivated by the need to contrast diverse perspectives to obtain new knowledge and research directions. The functional analysis allows us to make statements about the knowledge needed by designers and the interrelation of actors and factors according to system. It also helps us to formulate further research recommendations for car design requirements for older drivers.
Islamist Terrorism as a Threat to Europe: The Scope and Limits of the Challenge
Authors: Stepanova Ekaterina A.
Published: February 2025

While in the last decade the number of Islamist terrorist attacks in Europe was very small, post-9/11, small violent Islamist cells caused and aim at mass casualties. While autonomous and self-generating, they pursue transnational agenda, blurring the distinction between internal and external security, and are viewed by European states and agencies as the most serious terrorist threat, in terms of its destabilizing political effects. Terrorism, however, is hardly the main manifestation of Muslim radicalization in Europe—a process that takes many forms and may be more likely to transform to peaceful protest and forms of violence other than terrorism, ranging from delinquency, vandalism and hate crimes in “failed suburbs” to public disorders and riots. Any links between religious awakening and socio-political radicalization of Muslim youth in Europe and the rise of Islamist terrorism should be treated with caution and are mostly indirect and non-binding: while the main age category for Islamist terrorism suspects is young adults, Muslims are generally younger in Europe than the rest of the population; younger people are deeper affected by moral outrage at the “injustices” against Muslims at levels from local to global and more likely to seek glory through direct violent action.
Drugs, Drug Related Crimes, Youth and Prevention in Turkey
Authors: Gurer Cuneyt
Published: February 2025

This paper demonstrates the institutional approach to drugs and drug related problems as well as drug prevention methods in Turkey. Drug related problems have many dimensions and each could affect and trigger each other. From production to trafficking, street level drug selling to drug usage, and narco-terror, drugs pose a significant threat to societies. Institutions play an important role to cope with those problems; however, different dimensions could be related to the responsibilities of different institutions. Institutional cooperation at the national and international level is an important way to overcome those problems. In the second part, this paper presents an example of national and international cooperation to reduce the problem of drugs in the society.
Human Rights and Terrorism
Authors: Yaman Derya
Published: February 2025

Commitment of States to human rights is among the most powerful weapons against terrorism. Although definitions of terrorism are rife with conceptual difficulties, human rights norms help to establish a clear moral threshold that should not be crossed. Terrorist acts that violate the fundamental right of human beings—the right to life—are unjustifiable and inexcusable. Counter-terrorism efforts must be carried out in keeping with international human rights obligations. Sacrificing our core values in the process of combating terrorism will be self-defeating and self-destructive. Security needs of the State must be kept in balance with counter-terrorism efforts. Human rights are a guarantee and a precondition for individual freedom. But they will only be respected in a society where the State upholds the rule of law.
Combating Terrorist Financing: The Dichotomy between Formulating the Legal Bases and Effective Operational Intelligence
Authors: Ridley Nick
Published: February 2025

This paper is supportive of a presentation given regarding the legal basis of measures against the financing of terrorism. The central premise of this short paper is that anti-terrorist legal measures were actually compounding the problem of a strategic intelligence time lag involved in successfully identifying and acting against the various kinds of modus operandi used in terrorist financing in the half decade since 9/11.
The Reverse Side of the NPT: How to Get Rid of the “Build-In Defects” of the Nonproliferation Regime (a View from Russia)
Authors: Mizin Victor
Published: February 2025

Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and combat missiles seemed to have lost its urgency in world politics lately. This was partly the consequence of the evident crises in relations between Russia and the West, South and North, connected with the political-diplomatic lagging of their foreign policy approaches. Supported among certain European circles Russian theses about the collapse of the “unipolar world”, Moscow's claim for equal status with the leading world powers without double standards and its new world order concept seemed to have ruined all prospects of Russia's joining the West once again thus underlining the remaining gap in values between the two worlds. Correspondingly, all plans to create a kind of broad front of the states which really make efforts to stop the WMD proliferation and strengthen international security and military-strategic stability including the arms control process seem bleak.
The Theory and Practice of Complex Protection of the Enterprise's Information System
Authors: Kazjuminski Valery D.
Published: February 2025

The report introduces theoretical approaches and practical results of construction of safety complex system of corporate information systems of the enterprises of Belarus, offered by JV « International business alliance » to corporate customers. These approaches basing on recommendations of the international and domestic standards for a safety of information technologies and taking into account not only architecture, principles of construction and feature of development of corporate information systems, but also a role of information technologies in realization of industrial and economic processes of the enterprise are considered.
ICT Security Measures in Academic Network of Azerbaijani
Authors: Akhundov Emin A.
Published: February 2025

ICT security measures in Academic Network of Azerbaijani are presented and discussed. The role of the AzNET Project is emphasized that is developing in accordance with National Strategy of the country. The ICT Security segments include: Security Trainings and Certifications; Secure Online Communications Project; Academic Network Security Services; Computer Security Incidence Response Team.
General Information on the State Security, Legal and Financial Discipline Control System
Authors: Gheorgitsa R.
Published: February 2025

The general information on the state security, legal and financial discipline control system is presented in the paper. First of all, the general content of the system is represented through such aspects as: functional, organizational, normative and legal, informational, technical and communicational, information security and information protection. Further the organizational elements of its technological subsystems are presented. The general conclusion concerning the system which constitute a basis for resistance of globalization threats and for assurance of economic security of the Republic of Moldova is presented at the final part of the paper.