bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the intervention program for dengue hemorrhagic fever prevention among rural communities in Thailand
Authors: Hanklang Suda , Ratanasiripong Paul , Sivasan Suleegorn
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program for dengue fever prevention among people in rural communities.

Design/methodology/approach

A quasi-experimental study was designed for two groups. The intervention group received five weeks of dengue hemorrhagic prevention program consisted of knowledge broadcast, campaign, model house contest and group education. The control group received only the usual care of health promoting hospitals. The primary expected outcomes were changes in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers and preventive action from baseline data, post-intervention and three-month follow-up, along with a comparison between the two groups. The secondary expected outcomes were changes in house index (HI) from baseline to post-intervention and three-month follow-up, along with a comparison between the two groups.

Findings

From the total of 64 participants, 32 were randomly assigned to the control group and 32 were randomly assigned to the intervention group. There were significant differences in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, preventive action and HI in the intervention group after received the five-week intervention program and at three-month follow-up (p<0.05).

Originality/value

Dengue hemorrhagic prevention program based on the Health Belief Model was effective in lowering HI and improving knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers and preventive action among people in rural communities. The intervention program may be beneficial in primary care in such a rural community.
Health and disease concepts: an approach to health development
Authors: Plianbangchang Samlee
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Health for all is an ideal goal that all governments aspire to reach. The purpose of this paper is to assess the definitions of the key terms used to better appreciate the role of the WHO member states in their efforts to achieve improved healthcare systems that suit each nation’s particular needs.

Design/methodology/approach

Definitions of the terms disease, illness and health are discussed against health concepts as a means of assessing the most effective approach toward achieving an effective universal healthcare system.

Findings

Universal health and treatment of sickness and disease have improved globally, but the target of achieving total wellness still remains as a goal for the future and may be impeded by diseases that have not yet evolved. The implementation of a universal health coverage system is a positive step toward achieving the goals of health and wellness for the present times.

Originality/value

This is a commentary piece.
Forecasting China’s electricity demand up to 2030: a linear model selection system
Authors: Zhu Xinzhi , Yang Shuo , Lin Jingyi , Wei Yi-Ming , Zhao Weigang
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Electricity demand forecasting has always been a key issue, and inaccurate forecasts may mislead policymakers. To accurately predict China’s electricity demand up to 2030, this paper aims to establish a cross-validation-based linear model selection system, which can consider many factors to avoid missing useful information and select the best model according to estimated out-of-sample forecast performances.

Design/methodology/approach

With the nine identified influencing factors of electricity demand, this system first determines the parameters in four alternative fitting procedures, where for each procedure a lot of cross-validation is performed and the most frequently selected value is determined. Then, through comparing the out-of-sample performances of the traditional multiple linear regression and the four selected alternative fitting procedures, the best model is selected in view of forecast accuracy and stability and used for forecasting under four scenarios. Besides the baseline scenario, this paper investigates lower and higher economic growth and higher consumption share.

Findings

The results show the following: China will consume 7,120.49 TWh, 9,080.38 TWh and 11,649.73 TWh of electricity in 2020, 2025 and 2030, respectively; there is hardly any possibility of decoupling between economic development level and electricity demand; and shifting China from an investment-driven economy to a consumption-driven economy is greatly beneficial to save electricity.

Originality/value

Following insights are obtained: reasonable infrastructure construction plans should be made for increasing electricity demand; increasing electricity demand further challenges China’s greenhouse gas reduction target; and the fact of increasing electricity demand should be taken into account for China’s prompting electrification policies.
“Resisting the Ban”
Authors: Jonrad Eve
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an evocative story “Resisting the Ban” which illustrates the ethical and pragmatic issues that nurses face when contending with smoking ban policies in inpatient psychiatric settings.

Design/methodology/approach

The creative story “Resisting the Ban” was developed based on an organisational auto-ethnographic approach. The story was crafted through employing creative writing techniques and through framing and critiquing memories via several theoretical frames.

Findings

The story illustrates how smoking ban policies have created pragmatic and ethical issues on wards. The work practices of nurses have changed as have their relationships with patients. The liberties of involuntary patients have also been infringed.

Research limitations/implications

This approach can illuminate links between acts of resistance and issues associated with public policies.

Practical implications

The effects of smoking bans need to be considered more carefully particularly in relation to their effects on workers and patients. The social meaning of the smoking bans needs closer investigation. Policy needs to be recrafted so that it better addresses the liberties of involuntary patients. Also ward nurses need to be able to carry out their roles in a manner which is consistent with their values.

Social implications

Public policies, such as smoking bans, can produce negative consequences maligning relationships, practices and cultures. Critical auto-ethnography provides a means of understanding issues that have resulted from problematic policies.

Originality/value

Scholarly work conducted on the relationship between everyday resistance in workplaces and public policies is rare. This study offers new “insider” insights into the negative effects of a smoking ban policy in psychiatric inpatient settings.
Grounding managerial values towards social responsibility on an ideological framework
Authors: Turker Duygu , Ozmen Y. Serkan
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) neglects the link between values and their ideological underpinnings. This paper aims to fill this void by grounding the managerial values towards CSR on an ideological ground by following the Schwartz’s (1994) value framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a theoretical construct that builds the ideological stances of different managerial values towards CSR.

Findings

The study proposes that ideologically liberal managers might be involved in CSR based on their openness to change values, whereas their conservative counterparts are likely motivated by the conservative values such as security, conformity and tradition. On the other hand, egalitarian managers can engage in CSR based on their self-transcendence values, while non-egalitarian managers might involve in CSR based on their self-enhancement values as achievement and power.

Practical implications

The study can provide to all stakeholders a new perspective and a sound reference point to understand and monitor the socially responsible behaviours of managers.

Originality/value

The proposed bases of managerial values to CSR deepen the understanding on the antecedents of CSR. Based on the study, the future studies can configure out the role of diverse values on CSR in line with their ideological roots.
Country-of-origin and CSR initiatives: a social dominance perspective
Authors: Orudzheva Leyla , Gaffney Nolan
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to proliferate, but why and how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from different parts of the world engage in CSR is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in behavior based on the status of the MNE’s home country relative to the host country.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a social dominance theory (SDT) framework, the authors explain variations in MNE behavior because of perceived hierarchical differences between a MNE’s home country and that of the host country. It is posited that these hierarchical differences trigger a country-of-origin bias that affects stakeholders’ expectations for the MNE, as well as that firm’s response to those expectations. In this integrative conceptual paper, we propose a testable framework derived from a deductive approach that applies the tenets of SDT to predict outcomes of CSR implementation by MNE’s subsidiaries.

Findings

MNEs from less developed countries are subject to lower expectations and engage in self-debilitating behavior, which may hinder their attempts to implement CSR initiatives in more developed countries. Paradoxically, engaging in CSR initiatives could help reduce liability of foreignness and increase chances for competitive advantage.

Practical implications

MNEs from developing countries should be aware of a potential country-of-origin bias affecting decisions on CSR implementation and that could also be detrimental to their competitive advantage when operating in more developed countries. Conversely, MNEs from developed countries should be ready for higher expectations of their CSR initiatives in less developed countries.

Originality/value

This paper strives to contribute to two extant literatures. First, it contributes to the social dominance literature by applying the perspective in the international business context, specifically research on MNE liability of origin. Second, this perspective offers testable propositions on how perceived hierarchies and liability of origin affect firm decision-making, specifically in the context of developing country MNEs. Third, this paper seeks to expand the discussion of MNE subsidiary CSR behavior to account for the relative context of the home and host country.
Total quality management, corporate social responsibility and entrepreneurial orientation in the hotel industry
Authors: Jalilvand Mohammad Reza , Khazaei Pool Javad , Balouei Jamkhaneh Hadi , Tabaeeian Reihaneh Alsadat
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how total quality management (TQM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the context of the hotel industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the hospitality literature, the relationships among TQM, CSR and EO were hypothesized and tested. Based on the valid responses collected from a survey questionnaire, structural equation modeling approach was used to examine the research model.

Findings

The results indicate that TQM positively affects CSR. Furthermore, CSR was a significant antecedent of EO.

Originality/value

The combination of a developing country context and the significance of TQM, CSR and EO in hotel industry enhance the contextual contribution of the paper.
Does pressure-induced partnership really matter? Empirical modelling of stakeholder pressure and firms’ CSR attitude
Authors: Erdiaw-Kwasie Michael Odei
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show whether pressure-induced partnerships do impact the link between stakeholder pressure and firms’ CSR attitude. The veracity that stakeholder pressure and firms social attitude issues have been extensively covered in three interrelated literature, namely, corporate social responsibility (CSR), partnership and stakeholder management, is widely recognised. However, to date, efforts to investigate conditions under which partnerships initiated through stakeholder pressures help to impact firms’ CSR attitudes either as per their request or in a more balanced way, have rarely been explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirically, this paper adopts quantitative research approach (hierarchical multiple regression) to build a case that pressure-induced partnership is one such key driver that shapes firms’ CSR attitude.

Findings

Study results show that firms’ CSR attitude can only add value if these activities and firm reputation are aligned with meaningful pressure-induced partnerships.

Originality/value

The study’s methodological approach (hierarchical multiple regression) stands tall in studies that explore drivers that shape firms’ CSR attitude. The paper concludes with theoretical and managerial implications for future studies.
Management in the 24/7-society raises concerns of fairness and social responsibility
Authors: Rönkä Anna , Ekonen Marianne , Tammelin Mia , Turja Leena
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Despite the pressure on work-family polices arising from the increase in nonstandard working times in various sectors, only a few studies have addressed management practices in 24/7 workplaces. This paper aims to investigate the challenges Finnish managers face in meeting the various tensions stemming from nonstandard working hours and services operating 24/7. Two typical 24/7 work contexts are focused: the hospitality and retail industries and flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. The emphasis is on management practices relating to the planning of work shifts and children’s care schedules.

Design/methodology/approach

Study 1 comprises focus group interviews with middle managers (N = 20) working in hotels, stores and service stations with restaurants and shopping facilities. Study 2 uses survey data on directors (N = 20) of centers offering flexibly scheduled ECEC services.

Findings

The results showed that management in 24/7 workplaces raises issues of fairness and social responsibility. Managers in both sectors were faced with constantly varying service demands, leading further to changes and unpredictability in employee working times. Alongside organizational goals, the business managers reported needing to consider employee needs and the ECEC service directors the well-being of parents and children. They also reported seeking the most cost-effective way to deliver services at a time of budget cuts.

Research limitations/implications

The relatively small sample sizes and non-representative nature of the data restrict the generalizability of the results.

Practical implications

Service organizations need to design a 24/7 strategy that includes organizational communication and guidelines on fair work scheduling. Key issues in management are finding ways to enhance predictability within unpredictability, discussing the most common ethical problems and developing the skills needed to manage diversity. These are elements that should be included in management training.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature by focusing on seldom studied issues and innovately approached by comparing two work sectors.
Non-financial information of Spanish companies and financial evolution
Authors: Marín Andreu Laura , Ortiz-Martínez Esther
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of the non-financial information reporting in Spain and evaluate if it is related to the financial evolution of the companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Sustainability reporting has been studied based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The sample gathers Spanish large firms listed on the IBEX 35 in 2010. The period of the analysis covers six years, from 2010 to 2015.

Findings

The main results are that almost every company applies the GRI standards to the reports. The common is to apply limited or moderated assurances to the reports and ask for the insurance of the “big four.” The reporting is evolving from specific corporate social responsibility reports to the integrated reports which join financial and non-financial performances. The evolution of the earning per share and dividend per share (DPS) of the companies is moderately related with the sustainable reporting and highlights the positive relationship between the last GRI version, the combination level of assurance and the use of engineering firms with the financial evolution, mainly DPS.

Originality/value

The most important contribution of this paper is to add some extra information to the relationship between non-financial information and financial features of the companies, and in the case of Spain, where there are not so many previous studies and it is an important benchmark in Europe.
Turnaround at Carpets International
Authors: Boe Ralph , Helms Marilyn Michelle
Published: September 2018

Synopsis

This case presents turnaround alternatives for a UK-based company, Carpets International (CI), a manufacturer focused on woven carpets and suffering from the ageing equipment and resulting product quality issues during the late 1990s. The case profiles CI’s position in the UK marketplace as well as highlights the growing international competition from Europe and Mexico. Comparisons between customer’s preferences for carpeting in the USA vs the UK are included. Additionally, the case introduces first-mover advantages in the application of innovational ideas applied to a mature industry in another country.

Research methodology

This case study was written by the CEO of the company as the lead author. The case is not disguised.

Relevant courses and levels

This case is appropriate for undergraduate strategic management/business policy classes.
Decision time for ACEES Group LLC: to buy or to lease?
Authors: Kudrimoti Sanjay , Luther Raminder , Jain Sanjay
Published: September 2018

Synopsis

As the move from the business incubator loomed, Abdul Khan had to decide where his business should relocate to. ACEES Group LLC, a small consulting firm, had grown from three friends working out of Abdul Khan’s house to a 20-person firm generating more than a million dollars in revenue within five years. This growth had necessitated the need for a larger and more prominent place. Although Abdul knew he did not want to renew the lease at the incubator, and he did not want to move his business too far from its current location, but the decision he had to make was whether ACEES Group should lease a commercial place or buy its own property. He was particularly torn because the real estate prices had fallen considerably, and were now on the mend and interest rates were still low.

Research methodology

The primary source of materials in the case was an interview with the owner (pseudo name: Abdul Khan). The owner wishes to remain anonymous. The financial statements of the firm produced in the case have been modified by a fixed factor so as to disguise the actual numbers but not materially alter the information in any fashion. Other secondary sources of materials include information about the business incubator program, the MBE certification and its benefits through the State of Florida, real estate and lease rates in Central Florida and other economic information.

Relevant courses and levels

This case is primarily intended for undergraduate students taking a course in entrepreneurship, real estate investments or financial management, with emphasis on real estate valuation, cash flow forecasting and/or valuation of business. Students should be familiar with time value of money concepts, understand the concept of NPV and IRR, and preferably be comfortable in the use of Excel. This instructor manual provides all calculations of space needs analysis, and discounted cash flow analysis for lease vs buy analysis. A few suggestions to discuss qualitative aspects of this decision making are also included.
Angina bullosa haemorrhagica‐like lesions in pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Balighi Kamran , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Aghazadeh Nessa , Rahbar Ziba , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Sadjadi Adele
Published: September 2018

Background/Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe a previously unreported association of oral pemphigus vulgaris with short‐lived blood‐filled painless blisters resembling angina bullosa haemorrhagica (ABH).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of consecutive patients with Pemphigus vulgaris. All patients were examined for the presence of ABH‐like lesions, and demographic, clinical and histopathological data were collected. Histopathological examination was performed when feasible.

Results

A total of 318 with pemphigus vulgaris were included (63.5% female, mean age: 46 years). ABH‐like lesions were present in 82 (25.8%) patients, commonly observed in the buccal mucosa (47, 57.3%) followed by the palate (15, 18.3%). All patients had normal platelet counts with no evidence of bleeding diathesis. Biopsies of the ABH‐like lesions showed suprabasal clefts in four of six samples. ABH‐like lesions were significantly associated with partial remission of pemphigus vulgaris (47.5%, P = 0.002) and the use of intraoral steroids (P = 0.001, odds ratio: 5.9 [95% confidence interval: 2.5–13.6]).

Conclusion

ABH‐like lesions may represent a transient or abortive form of oral pemphigus vulgaris and tend to have a benign and self‐limiting nature.
Team formulation in an assessment and treatment unit for individuals with learning disabilities: An evaluation through staff views
Authors: Turner Kellie , Cleaves Lydia , Green Samantha
Published: September 2018

Accessible Summary

The authors aimed to find out whether staff found team formulation helpful and whether staff felt it changed their work with service users.

Twenty‐eight staff members working on the assessment and treatment unit were asked to complete a questionnaire about team formulation.

Most staff found formulation meetings to be helpful (80%) and felt that formulation meetings improved how they work with service users (86%).

These findings suggest team formulation may improve staff approach and the care and support service users receive in hospital.

Background

Research suggests that the use of team formulation within mental health services may improve staff understanding of service users’ difficulties and increase team empathy and reflection. The aim of this evaluation was to investigate staff perceptions of team formulation within an assessment and treatment unit for individuals with learning disabilities. Specifically, the authors aimed to investigate whether staff found team formulation helpful and whether staff felt it impacted their work with service users.

Materials and Methods

A survey was completed using a cross‐sectional questionnaire design. Twenty‐eight staff members working on the assessment and treatment unit were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire about team formulation meetings.

Results

The response rate was 54%. The majority of staff agreed that they found formulation meetings to be helpful (80%) and that formulation meetings positively impacted how they work with service users (86%). The most common theme arising from staff responses concerning the most helpful aspects of formulation meetings was “gaining a greater understanding of service users.”

Conclusions

The findings from this evaluation show that the majority of respondents felt team formulation was helpful and had a positive impact on their work with service users. These findings support the use of team formulation within mental health and learning disabilities services. Future research could investigate the impact of team formulation on service user well‐being and outcomes.
Does clinical testing support the current guidance definition of prolonged contact for nickel allergy?
Authors: Nixon Rosemary L. , Higgins Claire L. , Maor Danit , Rajgopal Bala Harini , Lalji Alka , Heim Katherine E.
Published: September 2018

Background

The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) definition of prolonged contact was introduced in 2014 and has not been evaluated clinically.

Objectives

To assess whether nickel‐sensitized individuals react on patch testing with high nickel‐releasing metal discs for short and repetitive periods.

Materials and methods

We patch tested 45 nickel‐sensitized individuals double‐blind with 2 different types of high nickel‐releasing discs for 10, 30 and 60 minutes on 3 occasions over a period of 2 weeks, and for 1 longer period. Discs were tested for nickel release.

Results

Nickel release from both discs significantly exceeded the 0.5 μg Ni/cm2/week limit of the EU REACH nickel restriction. However, only 1 individual tested had a largely dose‐dependent allergic reaction.

Conclusions

The majority of nickel‐allergic subjects did not react to nickel discs after 2 hours or after repetitive exposures of up to 30 minutes on 3 occasions over a period of 2 weeks. The length of time needed to cause nickel allergic contact dermatitis in most nickel‐allergic individuals is longer than the ECHA guidance definition. Longer test times are needed to define the time required to cause dermatitis in most nickel‐allergic individuals. As a limitation, the test conditions did not adequately assess real‐life factors such as friction, which is relevant for some uses of nickel.
Age‐dependent effect of targeted temperature management on outcome after cardiac arrest
Authors: Wallmüller Christian , Spiel Alexander , Sterz Fritz , Schober Andreas , Hubner Pia , Stratil Peter , Testori Christoph
Published: September 2018

Background

In elder patients after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, diminished neurologic function as well as reduced neuronal plasticity may cause a low response to targeted temperature management (TTM). Therefore, we investigated the association between TTM (32‐34°C) and neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest survivors with respect to age.

Material and Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients 18 years of age or older suffering a witnessed out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest with presumed cardiac cause, which remained comatose after return of spontaneous circulation. Patients were a priori split by age into four groups (<50 years (n = 496); 50‐64 years (n = 714); 65‐74 years (n = 395); >75 years (n = 280)). Subsequently, within these groups, patients receiving TTM were compared to those not treated with TTM.

Results

Out of 1885 patients, 921 received TTM for 24 hours. TTM was significantly associated with good neurologic outcome in patients <65 years of age whereas showing no effect in elders (65‐74 years: OR: 1.49 (95% CI: 0.90‐2.47); > 75 years: OR 1.44 (95% CI 0.79‐2.34)).

Conclusion

In our cohort, it seems that TTM might not be able to achieve the same benefit for neurologic outcome in all age groups. Although the results of this study should be interpreted with caution, TTM was associated with improved neurologic outcome only in younger individuals, patients with 65 years of age or older did not benefit from this treatment.
Do bank activities and funding strategies of foreign and state‐owned banks have a differential effect on risk‐taking in Central and Eastern Europe?
Authors: Lapteacru Ion
Published: September 2018

This paper explores the differential effects of the activity and funding strategies of foreign and state‐owned banks in Central and Eastern European countries on risk‐taking. Due to potentially beneficial external support, the disciplinary role of non‐deposit funding is completely ineffective for both foreign and state‐owned banks. Most likely, because of survival beliefs, non‐deposit financiers deposit their money even when state‐owned banks become riskier. Involvement in non‐interest‐income activities has no impact on the risk‐taking of foreign banks and worsens the risk of state‐owned institutions. However, both types of banks are risky when involved in trading, insurance income, rental and other non‐banking businesses.
The difficulty of reality and a revolt against mourning
Authors: Lear Jonathan
Published: September 2018

This paper considers Cora Diamond's conception of the difficulty of reality. It asks how one might think of this experience of difficulty in relation to Aristotle's conception of happiness (and unhappiness). It then takes up the phenomena of mourning and our conceptions of how to live more or less well with death and loss. It investigates whether a “revolt against mourning” might be understood in terms of the difficulty of reality.
Efficacy of pelvic floor training with surface electromyography feedback for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ju , Wu Wen‐Yih , Hsiao Sheng‐Mou , Ting Stella Wan‐Hua , Hsu Hsiao‐Pei , Huang Chiu‐Mieh
Published: September 2018

Aims

The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of an 8‐week pelvic floor muscle training program with surface electromyography feedback, performed in different body positions (supine, sitting, and standing), in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Design

This is a prospective observational study performed January 2014 to May 2016.

Methods

The training program was performed by 110 women with stress urinary incontinence, each completing 4 individual training sessions. The main outcome was the electromyography activity of the pelvic floor muscles and of the synergistic abdominal muscles. Outcome measures were evaluated at 4 time points, namely at baseline and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of training.

Results

A notable effect of training was identified at week 2, which was sustained through to week 8. Training yielded a significant improvement in increased sustained voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles in all 3 positions. The efficacy of training was influenced by the duration of training, age, body mass index, and history of vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

Training of the pelvic floor muscles, with positive reinforcement by surface electromyography feedback of the pelvic floor muscles and of the synergistic abdominal muscles, was effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women and should be considered as a feasible option by healthcare providers.
Firearm Violence: A Global Priority for Nursing Science
Authors: Richmond Therese S. , Foman Matthew
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This purpose of this article is to frame firearm violence as a health and public health problem, to illustrate the magnitude of the problem, to examine factors that increase the risk to be injured by a firearm, or conversely, that confer protection, and to identify relevant priority areas for nursing science.

Organizing Construct

Firearm violence results in physical and psychological injuries and is a global health priority. Firearm violence is categorized as intentional (interpersonal and self‐inflicted) and unintentional (interpersonal and self‐inflicted) and accounts for an estimated 196,000 to 220,000 nonconflict deaths annually.

Methods

We reviewed the theoretical and scientific literature to analyze the magnitude and geographic distribution of firearm violence, the factors associated with firearm injury, the consequences of firearm violence, and areas where nursing science can make an impact on prevention, outcomes, and recovery.

Findings

Firearm violence is a significant public health problem that affects the health of individuals, families, and communities. The burdens and contributors to firearm violence vary worldwide, making it important to understand the local context of this global phenomenon. Relevant areas of inquiry span primary prevention focusing on individual and environmental risk factors; and focus on managing the physical and psychological consequences postinjury; and mitigating long‐term consequences of firearm violence.

Conclusions

Reducing the global burden of firearm violence and improving the health and safety of individuals, families, and communities provide compelling reasons to integrate this area into nursing science.

Clinical Relevance

The goals of nursing are to keep people healthy and safe and to help return those injured to their optimal levels of health and well‐being. Understanding the factors that come together to injure people with a firearm in various physical, social, economic, and cultural environments positions nurses to both extend the dialogue beyond pro‐gun versus anti‐gun and to design and carry out rigorous studies to reduce firearm violence.
Analyses of genome‐scale variation reveal divergence of two Sinalliaria species (Brassicaceae) with continuous but limited gene flow
Authors: Wang Tian‐Jing , Ru Da‐Fu , Zhang Dan , Hu Quan‐Jun
Published: September 2018

Numerous biogeographic studies have suggested that geographic isolations triggered by Quaternary climatic changes could have contributed greatly to the high species diversity of eastern Asia. However, little is known about how speciation proceeded during the evolutionary divergence of sister species in this region. In this study, we examined genomic divergence and investigated the speciation process of the two species in the genus Sinalliaria endemic to eastern China, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. grandifolia (Z. X. An) Huan Hu, com. nov. (Basionym: Alliaria grandifolia Z. X. An (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 396, 1985)). We sequenced the transcriptomes of seven and eight S. limprichtiana and S. grandifolia individuals, respectively. Analysis of transcriptome single nucleotide polymorphism data indicated that both species were well‐delineated with strong genetic differentiation (mean FST = 0.31). A total of 4000 genes showed differential expression between the two species. Based on these genome‐scale nucleotide variations, we used the allele frequency spectrum for modeling analysis with fastsimcoal to gain insights into the speciation process. Our results suggested divergence with continuous gene flow between the two species. These findings will add to our knowledge on the origin of species diversity in eastern Asia.
A fine balance: A review of shared housing among young adults
Authors: Clark Vicky , Tuffin Keith , Bowker Natilene , Frewin Karen
Published: September 2018

Young adults in the Western world have adapted to financial constraint by sharing accommodation and combining resources. Far from traditional stigma associated with these households the social benefits are considered on a par with economic pragmatism. Until recently the literature on young peer group‐living was sparse. Due to a rise in research interest, the area is experiencing a period of invigoration, particularly with regard to how interpersonal relationships work in the close confines of domestic intimacy. The paper provides an overview of what is currently known about the social psychology of young adult house sharing. The concept of sharing is introduced, followed by possible reasons for the lack of research. Next, the extant research is reviewed and this includes construction of preferred and desirable flatmates; avoiding complications; social psychological advantages; conflict; and how the social dynamics of peer group households are perceived. A fine balance between acceptable and objectionable behaviour is necessary across a number of spheres. Further studies are needed to contribute to better understanding of young adults who share and document the delicate dynamics associated with these unique domestic arrangements. Peer group living needs to be clearly represented if government policies are to offer youth housing not predicated on the normative assumptions of household composition.
Lead us not into temptation: The seven deadly sins as a taxonomy of temptations
Authors: Burkley Edward , Burkley Melissa , Curtis Jessica , Hatvany Thomas
Published: September 2018

People constantly experience a tug‐of‐war between their self‐control on one end and their temptations on the other. Although a great deal of research has examined such self‐control dilemmas, much of it has focused on the “push” of self‐control rather than the “pull” of temptations. To facilitate future work on this latter construct, we sought to create a taxonomy of temptations. Using a top‐down approach, we relied on the philosophical and historical concept of the seven deadly sins—gluttony, greed, lust, sloth, envy, pride, and wrath—to identify and define the most commonly experienced temptations. In support of this taxonomy, we review evidence for the role that self‐control plays in resisting each of these seven temptation domains, including work on trait self‐control and momentary exertions of self‐control. Where applicable, we identify areas where research is lacking and make suggestions for future work. Lastly, we discuss how this taxonomy offers researchers both theoretical and practical benefits.
Nonlinear rheology of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomers
Authors: Tomkovic Tanja , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G.
Published: September 2018

Using a parallel-plate rheometer equipped with a partitioned plate, and the Sentmanat extensional rheometer fixture, a full rheological characterization of several commercial ionomers and their corresponding parent copolymers has been carried out. Particular emphasis has been placed on the distribution of the relaxation times to identify the characteristic times, such as reptation, Rouse, and sticky-Rouse, that are associated with the characteristic lifetime of the ionic and hydrogen bonding associations. As such, scaling laws have been used to calculate the order of magnitude of the lifetimes of associations and the association energy that are important parameters to gain a better understanding of their rheological behavior. To study the effects of ionic associations, the commercial ionomers were completely unneutralized and their rheological behavior was compared directly with their associative counterparts. The rheological comparison included the linear viscoelastic moduli, the damping function, steady shear, and extensional rheology demonstrating the significant effects of ionic interactions.
Brand-Image Communication Through Social Media: The Case of European Professional Football Clubs
Authors: Maderer Daniel , Parganas Petros , Anagnostopoulos Christos
Published: September 2018

Social-media platforms have become an important tool for sport marketers to communicate their brand image and engage with fans. This study analyzed 1,115 Facebook posts and 16,308 tweets from 10 of the most valuable European professional football clubs to identify the range of brand associations communicated and the level of online fan engagement. Statistical analysis captured correlations between and among selected brand attributes, time periods of posts (in and off-season), and levels of fan engagement. On both Facebook and Twitter, football clubs posted more frequently during the season, while content associated with product-related attributes was the focus of such communication. Product-related content was found to generate higher levels of online fan engagement. The study extends the literature on sport teams’ brand management through social media and offers practical recommendations on how to enhance fan identification and engagement and ultimately make financial and reputational gains.
A Formative, Utilization-Focused Evaluation of USA Swimming’s Nationwide Online Coach Education Program
Authors: Driska Andrew P.
Published: September 2018

Large-scale online coach education programs have become a preferred method of compulsory training for sport governing bodies. In particular, USA Swimming launched a revised online version of its Foundations of Coaching program in 2013. To evaluate its effectiveness, a utilization-focused evaluation was employed to engage program decision-makers in the process of inquiry. After conducting program elicitation exercises with program decision-makers, semi-structured interviews with 21 participant coaches examined course effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to coaching swimming. Coaches indicated learning and implementing changes to their coaching of swimming skills, but also indicated the adoption of developmentally-appropriate training practices, which was supported by a corresponding attitude change towards developmentally-appropriate training. Goal setting and incorporating fun into workouts were also endorsed. The evaluation uncovered positive perceptions of the course, and showed that using the course to initiate an ongoing conversation between USA Swimming and its membership could help extend learning opportunities and professional development. The course’s effect on some attitudes (but not others) showed how intentionality of course design and pedagogy were linked to attitude formation. Future evaluations show promise for improving the function of similar large-scale coach education programs.
The Effect of Organized Versus Supervised Recess on Elementary School Children’s Participation, Physical Activity, Play, and Social Behavior: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Coolkens Rosalie , Ward Phillip , Seghers Jan , Iserbyt Peter
Published: September 2018

Background: Recess strategies that increase children’s physical activity and contribute to the daily 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are recommended. Methods: A cluster randomized trial was conducted to examine the effect of supervised versus organized recess on children’s participation, physical activity, play, and social behavior. In supervised recess, children were free to play, and physical education (PE) teachers ensured safety. In organized recess, PE teachers provided challenging tasks. Data were collected using systematic observation. Children (N = 281; 8–10 y) from 14 schools received a 6-day parkour unit in PE and three opportunities to participate in a 20-minute parkour recess. Schools were randomized over a supervised and organized parkour recess condition. Results: The majority of children participated in parkour recess (range = 56%–85%), with more boys participating in all 3 organized versus supervised recess sessions (57% vs 35%, P = .01). Boys spent more time in MVPA during organized recess (79% vs 71%, P = .02). Boys and girls spent more time in activity games during organized recess (59% vs 46%, P = .01; 59% vs 47%, P = .001). Conclusion: Organized recess attracted more children and made the largest contribution to daily MVPA.
High electrical conductivity and carrier mobility in oCVD PEDOT thin films by engineered crystallization and acid treatment
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Zhang Xu , Sun Lei , Lee Dongwook , Lee Sunghwan , Wang Minghui , Zhao Junjie , Shao-Horn Yang , Dincă Mircea , Palacios Tomás , Gleason Karen K.
Published: September 2018

We present a structural engineered air-stable conducting polymer with high electrical conductivity and carrier mobility.
Mechanically active materials in three-dimensional mesostructures
Authors: Ning Xin , Yu Xinge , Wang Heling , Sun Rujie , Corman R. E. , Li Haibo , Lee Chan Mi , Xue Yeguang , Chempakasseril Aditya , Yao Yao , Zhang Ziqi , Luan Haiwen , Wang Zizheng , Xia Wei , Feng Xue , Ewoldt Randy H. , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui , Rogers John A.
Published: September 2018

We integrate multiple, independently addressable piezoelectric thin-film actuators into complex, 3D mesostructures.
Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR-7) and TLR-9 Agonists Improve Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Infectivity Inhibition by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dominguez-Molina B. , Machmach K. , Perales C. , Tarancon-Diez L. , Gallego I. , Sheldon J. L. , Leal M. , Domingo E. , Ruiz-Mateos E.
Published: September 2018

We implemented a coculture system of pDCs with HCV-infected hepatoma cell line, Huh7.5. We used three HCV derivatives in order to gain insight into pDCs’ behavior against HCV and associated antiviral mechanisms. The results with this cell coculture system support the capacity of pDCs to inhibit HCV replication and infectivity mainly via IFN-α, but also through additional mechanisms associated with pDC maturation. We provided evidence that TLR agonists can enhance antiviral pDCs’ function and can induce phenotypic changes that may facilitate the interplay with other immune cells. These findings suggest the possibility of including TLR agonists in the strategies of HCV vaccine development.
A rare case of cellular angiofibroma affecting the periurethral region in a 38-year-old woman
Authors: Kumar Prem , Singh Smita , Kumar Abhishek , Janoria Somesh
Published: September 2018

Cellular angiofibroma (CAF) is a rare, site-specific, benign mesenchymal tumour affecting both women and men in the genitourinary region. The tumour usually presents as a small, asymptomatic lesion involving the vulvovaginal regions in women and inguinoscrotal regions in men. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman presenting with a painless mass in the vulval region, especially on the right side of urethral meatus for 8 years with progressively increasing lower abdominal discomfort. A simple excision was performed. The diagnosis of CAF was confirmed histopathologically.
Cardiovascular risk profile in Olympic athletes: an unexpected and underestimated risk scenario
Authors: D’Ascenzi Flavio , Caselli Stefano , Alvino Federico , Digiacinto Barbara , Lemme Erika , Piepoli Massimo , Pelliccia Antonio
Published: September 2018

Background

Prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors has been poorly explored in subjects regularly engaged in high-intensity exercise programmes. Our aim was, therefore, to assess the prevalence and distribution of CV risk factors in a large population of competitive athletes, to derive the characteristics of athlete’s lifestyle associated with the best CV profile.

Methods

1058 Olympic athletes (656 males, 402 females), consecutively evaluated in the period 2014–2016, represent the study population. Prevalence and distribution of CV risk factors was assessed, in relation to age, body size and sport.

Findings

Dyslipidemia was the most common risk (32%), followed by increased waist circumference (25%), positive family history (18%), smoking habit (8%), hypertension (3.8%) and hyperglycaemia (0.3%). Large subset of athletes (418, 40%) had none or 1 (414, 39%) risk factor, while only a few (39, 3.7%) had 3/4 CV risk factors. The group without risks largely comprised endurance athletes (34%). Ageing was associated with higher total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (p<0.001) and glycaemia (p=0.002) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, BMI and body fat were identified as independent predictors of increased CV risk.

Interpretation

Dyslipidemia and increased waist circumference are common in elite athletes (32% and 25%, respectively). A large proportion (40%) of athletes, mostly endurance, are totally free from risk factors. Only a minority (3%) presents a high CV risk, largely expression of lifestyle and related to modifiable CV risk factors.