bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of transient receptor potential melastatin related 7 channel by presenilins
Authors: Oh Hyun Geun , Chun Yoon Sun , Kim Yonjung , Youn Sung Hee , Shin Sora , Park Myoung Kyu , Kim Tae‐Wan , Chung Sungkwon
Published: November 2011

Presenilins (PS1 and PS2) are multifunctional proteins involved in a diverse array of molecular and cellular functions, including proteolysis, development, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, ion channel regulation and phospholipid metabolism. Mutations in presenilin genes are responsible for the majority of Familial Alzheimer disease (FAD). Consequently, FAD‐associated mutations in genes encoding PS1 or PS2 lead to several key cellular phenotypes, including alterations in proteolysis of β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Ca2+ entry. The mechanism underlying presenilin (PS)‐mediated modulation of Ca2+ entry remains to be determined. Our previous studies showed that the PS‐dependent down‐regulation of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) is attributable to the observed Ca2+ deficits. In this study, we attempted to identify the ion channel that is subject to the PIP2 and PS‐dependent modulation. We found that Ca2+ or Zn2+ entry via the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel was attenuated by the presence of FAD‐associated PS1 mutants, such as ΔE9 and L286V. TRPM7 has been implicated in Mg2+ homeostasis and embryonic development. The intracellular delivery of PIP2 restored TRPM7‐mediated Ca2+ influx, indicating that the observed deficits in Ca2+ entry are due to downregulation of PIP2. Conversely, PS1 and PS2 deficiency, previously shown to upregulate PIP2 levels, potentiated TRPM7‐mediated Ca2+ influx. PS‐dependent changes in Ca2+ influx could be neutralized by a TRPM7 channel blocker. Collectively, these results indicate that TRPM7 may underlie the Ca2+ entry deficits observed in FAD‐associated PS mutants and suggest that the normal function of PS involves regulation of TRPM7 through a PIP2‐dependent mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 865–877, 2012
Quantification of pralidoxime (2‐PAM) in urine by ion pair chromatography‐diode array detection: application to in vivo samples from minipig
Authors: John Harald , Eddleston Michael , Eddie Clutton R. , Worek Franz , Thiermann Horst
Published: November 2011

Pralidoxime (2‐PAM) is a monopyridinium oxime used as an antidote for the treatment of poisoning with organophosphorus (OP) compounds, for example, pesticides and nerve agents, reactivating OP‐inhibited acetylcholinesterase. However, appropriate dosing and efficacy remains a matter of discussion requiring experimental data.

Therefore, we developed and validated an ion pair chromatography‐diode array detection (IPC‐DAD) method suitable for quantitative analysis of 2‐PAM in human and porcine urine. Before injection of 20 µl, urine was acidified with trichloroacetic acid, mixed with internal standard (pyridine‐4‐aldoxime, 4‐PAO), and diluted with IPC solvent yielding a total dilution of 1:49.5 and a 100% recovery. Isocratic separation was carried out at 25 °C on a LiChrospher 60 RP‐select B column (125 x 4.0 mm I.D.) using phosphate buffer (7.5 mM Na2HPO4, 7.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 2.6) mixed with octanesulfonate (2.5 mM) as ion pair reagent and acetonitrile (6% v/v) as organic modifier (1 ml/min). 2‐PAM was detected at 293 nm and 4‐PAO at 275 nm. The method is rugged, selective, and characterized by good intra‐day and inter‐day precision (RSD, 1.3–6.0%) and accuracy (88–100%) with a limit of detection at 4.9 µg/ml, a limit of quantification at 9.8 µg/ml, and a broad calibration range from 4.9–2500 µg/ml.

The procedure was applied to urine samples obtained from dimethoate poisoned minipigs receiving 2‐PAM therapy (intravenous bolus injection and infusion). Results indicate that 60–80% of infused 2‐PAM is rapidly (within 1–2 h) excreted in the urine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The syntheses and characterization 3β‐(4‐fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane (fluorotropacocaine) and its 3α isomer
Authors: Kavanagh Pierce , Angelov Daniel , O'Brien John , Fox John , O'Donnell Cora , Christie Rachel , Power John D. , McDermott Seán D.
Published: November 2011

3β‐(4‐Fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane (3β‐FBT, fluorotropacocaine) was first reported by Finnish authorities to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)viathe Early Warning System (EWS) in 2008 and our own laboratory tentatively identified it in 2010 in several products purchased from head shops. Very little is known about this cocaine‐like drug and, as no reference standards were available, we have synthesized and characterized both 3β‐FBT and its 3α isomer for use as reference standards. The two compounds are separable by gas chromatography (GC) but their electron‐impact (EI) mass spectra were found to be almost identical.19F NMR spectroscopy was also found to be a useful technique for distinguishing the two isomers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile habitat partitioning and relative productivity in allochronically isolated sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: Miller E.K. Fillatre , Bradbury I.R. , Heath D.D.
Published: November 2011

Allochronic divergence, like spatial isolation, may contribute to population diversity and adaptation, however the challenges for tracking habitat utilization in shared environments are far greater. Adult Klukshu River (Yukon, Canada) sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, return as genetically distinct “early” and “late” runs. Early and late adult spawning populations (1999 and 2000) and their subsequent fry (sampled at 7 sites in 2000 and at 8 sites in 2001 throughout Klukshu Lake and River) were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Bayesian assignment was used to determine the spatial distribution of early versus late fry; although intermixed, the distribution of fry significantly differed in Klukshu Lake and in the Klukshu River in 2001, based on crosstab analyses. Late‐run fry predominated in Klukshu Lake at all sites, while early‐run fry were most common in the north and south of Klukshu Lake and in Klukshu River. Early‐run spawners had significantly higher relative productivity (early life survival) than late‐run fish (2.9 times more fry produced per early‐run adult in 2000, and 9.2 times more in 2001). This study demonstrates spatial habitat partitioning and differences in the contribution of allochronically isolated populations to fry abundance, and highlights annual variability that likely contributes to recruitment variation.
The IAT is sensitive to the perceived accuracy of newly learned associations
Authors: Siegel Eric , Sigall Harold , Huber David E.
Published: November 2011

Three experiments tested whether the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is sensitive to the perceived accuracy of newly learned associations. In experiment 1, participants learned to associate positive or negative attributes with two novel groups. Participants in one condition were told that the attributes accurately described the groups; in a second condition, prior to learning, they were made aware that the attributes were randomly assigned to the groups. Participants were given an IAT and an explicit measure testing attitudes towards the two groups. When the participants were told that the attributes were accurate, their IAT performance and explicit measure responses indicated a preference for the more positively described group but when the attributes were known to be arbitrary, preferences were reduced according to both measures. Experiment 2 replicated these results and demonstrated that the associations were learned even in the random condition. Experiment 3 included a condition that placed “not” before each attribute, which demonstrated that people can incorporate a negative modifier into a learned association. Explicit attitudes and the IAT showed reversed preferences in this negation condition. These experiments imply that the IAT is sensitive to the perceived accuracy of learned associations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Justification of rapid prototyping in the development cycle of thermoplastic‐based lab‐on‐a‐chip
Authors: Preywisch Regina , Ritzi‐Lehnert Marion , Drese Klaus S. , Röser Tina
Published: November 2011

During the developmental cycle of lab‐on‐a‐chip devices, various microstructuring techniques are required. While in the designing and assay implementation phase direct structuring or so‐called rapid‐prototyping methods such as milling or laser ablation are applied, replication methods like hot embossing or injection moulding are favourable for large quantity manufacturing. This work investigated the applicability of rapid‐prototyping techniques for thermoplastic chip development in general, and the reproducibility of performances in dependency of the structuring technique. A previously published chip for prenatal diagnosis that preconcentrates DNA via electrokinetic trapping and field‐amplified‐sample‐stacking and afterwards separates it in CGE was chosen as a model. The impact of structuring, sealing, and the integration of membranes on the mobility of the EOF, DNA preconcentration, and DNA separation was studied. Structuring methods were found to significantly change the location where preconcentration of DNA occurs. However, effects on the mobility of the EOF and the separation quality of DNA were not observed. Exchange of the membrane has no effect on the chip performance, whereas the sealing method impairs the separation of DNA within the chip. The overall assay performance is not significantly influenced by different structuring methods; thus, the application of rapid‐prototyping methods during a chip development cycle is well justified.
Effects of dietary exposure of mink (Mustela vison) to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran on reproduction and offspring viability and growth
Authors: Moore Jeremy N. , Zwiernik Matthew J. , Newsted John L. , Fitzgerald Scott D. , Link Jane E. , Bradley Patrick W. , Kay Denise , Budinsky Robert , Giesy John P. , Bursian Steven J.
Published: November 2011

This study assessed the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) on the reproductive performance of female mink (Mustela vison) and the viability and growth of their offspring. Nine adult female mink were randomly assigned to one of 13 dietary treatments (one control and four doses each of TCDD, PeCDF, and TCDF [2.1–8.4, 4.0–15 and 5.2–25 ng TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg body wt/d]). Diets were fed from two months prior to breeding through weaning of offspring at six weeks of age. At least nine kits per treatment group were maintained on their diets through 27 weeks of age. There were no effects on litter size or viability of offspring. No consistent effects were observed on body mass or relative organ masses of animals at any age. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and PeCDF accumulated in the liver and adipose tissue, but TCDF cleared rapidly. The lack of significant effects on reproduction and offspring viability contrasts with effects reported for mink exposed to environmentally derived PCB mixtures with equivalent TCDD potencies. This suggests that it may be inappropriate to apply toxicity reference values associated with PCB mixtures to animals also exposed to TCDD, PeCDF, or TCDF, and the World Health Organization TCDD toxic equivalency factors for some congeners may not be appropriate for mink. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:360–369. © 2011 SETAC
Phytotoxkit: A critical look at a rapid assessment tool
Authors: Van der Vliet Leana , Velicogna Jessica , Princz Juliska , Scroggins Richard
Published: November 2011

Terrestrial plant toxicity testing contributes critical information to many site risk assessments, but standardized tests can be labor-intensive, use large amounts of soil, and employ long test durations. The Phytotoxkit (MicroBioTests, Environmental Bio-Detection Products) minimizes the time and cost associated with terrestrial plant testing with a unique test setup, a shorter test duration, and less soil. However, the sensitivity of the test remains an open question. In this research, the Phytotoxkit and the standardized Environment Canada terrestrial plant toxicity test (definitive test) are compared using a parallel testing approach. Three different scenarios were examined: a multiconcentration test, in which an inhibiting concentration (ICp) was derived from chemically amended soils; a soil remediation test, in which plant growth in a remediated soil was compared to the original contaminated soil; and a site soil test, in which plant growth in a contaminated soil was compared to a reference soil. The contaminants tested were boric acid, Cr(VI) with cyclodextrin as a remediation agent, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Trifolium pratense (red clover) was used in the first and second scenarios, and six different plant species were used in the third scenario. In the first scenario, the Phytotoxkit results compared well with the definitive test results after 5 and 7 d of exposure. In the second scenario, the Phytotoxkit results agreed with the definitive test when evaluating the effectiveness of remediation. In the third scenario, the Phytotoxkit results were often not in agreement with the results from the definitive test. The reduced sensitivity of the Phytotoxkit in the third scenario may be driven by test unit design, as plant roots are separated from soil by filter paper. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:316–323. © 2011 SETAC
Changes in liquid water alter nutrient bioavailability and gas diffusion in frozen antarctic soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
Authors: Harvey Alexis Nadine , Snape Ian , Siciliano Steven Douglas
Published: November 2011

Bioremediation has been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated sites in polar regions; however, limited knowledge exists in understanding how frozen conditions influence factors that regulate microbial activity. We hypothesized that increased liquid water (θliquid) would affect nutrient supply rates (NSR) and gas diffusion under frozen conditions. If true, management practices that increase θliquid should also increase bioremediation in polar soils by reducing nutrient and oxygen limitations. Influence of θliquid on NSR was determined using diesel-contaminated soil (0–8,000 mg kg−1) from Casey Station, Antarctica. The θliquid was altered between 0.007 and 0.035 cm3cm−3 by packing soil cores at different bulk densities. The nutrient supply rate of NH 4+ and NO 3−, as well as gas diffusion coefficient, Ds, were measured at two temperatures, 21°C and −5°C, to correct for bulk density effects. Freezing decreased NSR of both NH 4+ and NO 3−, with θliquid linked to nitrate and ammonia NSR in frozen soil. Similarly for Ds, decreases due to freezing were much more pronounced in soils with low θliquid compared to soils with higher θliquid contents. Additional studies are needed to determine the relationship between degradation rates and θliquid under frozen conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:395–401. © 2011 SETAC
Baseline characteristics and statistical implications for the OECD 210 fish early-life stage chronic toxicity test
Authors: Oris James T. , Belanger Scott E. , Bailer A. John
Published: November 2011

The fish toxicity assay most commonly used to establish chronic effects is the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 210, fish early-life stage test. However, the authors are not aware of any systematic analysis of the experimental design or statistical characteristics of the test since the test guideline was adopted nearly 20 years ago. Here, the authors report the results of an analysis of data compiled from OECD 210 tests conducted by industry labs. The distribution of responses observed in control treatments was analyzed, with the goal of understanding the implication of this variability on the sensitivity of the OECD 210 test guideline and providing recommendations on revised experimental design requirements of the test. Studies were confined to fathead minnows, rainbow trout, and zebrafish. Dichotomous endpoints (hatching success and posthatch survival) were examined for indications of overdispersion to evaluate whether significant chamber-to-chamber variability was present. Dichotomous and continuous (length, wet wt, dry wt) measurement endpoints were analyzed to determine minimum sample size requirements to detect differences from control responses with specified power. Results of the analysis indicated that sensitivity of the test could be improved by maximizing the number of replicate chambers per treatment concentration, increasing the acceptable level of control hatching success and larval survival compared to current levels, using wet weight measurements rather than dry weight, and focusing test efforts on species that demonstrate less variability in outcome measures. From these analyses, the authors provide evidence of the impact of expected levels of variability on the sensitivity of traditional OECD 210 studies and the implications for defining a target for future animal alternative methods for chronic toxicity testing in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:370–376. © 2011 SETAC
Biodegradation of the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 under different redox conditions
Authors: Liu You-Sheng , Ying Guang-Guo , Shareef Ali , Kookana Rai S.
Published: November 2011

Biodegradation of the ultraviolet (UV) filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) was investigated in the laboratory to understand its behavior and fate under oxic and anoxic (nitrate, sulfate, and Fe [III]-reducing) conditions. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in microcosms with 10% of activated sludge and digested sludge under oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively. Benzophenone-3 was well degraded by microorganisms under each redox condition. Under the redox conditions studied, the biodegradation half-life for BP-3 had the following order: oxic (10.7 d) > nitrate-reducing (8.7 d) > Fe (III)-reducing (5.1 d) > sulfate-reducing (4.3 d) ≥ anoxic unamended (4.2 d). The results suggest that anaerobic biodegradation is a more favorable attenuation mechanism for BP-3. Biodegradation of BP-3 produced two products, 4-cresol and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, under oxic and anoxic conditions. Biotransformation of BP-3 to 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone by way of demethylation of the methoxy substituent (O-demethylation) occurred in cultures under each redox condition. The further biotransformation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone to 4-cresol was inhibited under oxic, nitrate-reducing, and sulfate-reducing conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:289–295. © 2011 SETAC
Simultaneous EEG and MEG source reconstruction in sparse electromagnetic source imaging
Authors: Ding Lei , Yuan Han
Published: November 2011

Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have different sensitivities to differently configured brain activations, making them complimentary in providing independent information for better detection and inverse reconstruction of brain sources. In the present study, we developed an integrative approach, which integrates a novel sparse electromagnetic source imaging method, i.e., variation‐based cortical current density (VB‐SCCD), together with the combined use of EEG and MEG data in reconstructing complex brain activity. To perform simultaneous analysis of multimodal data, we proposed to normalize EEG and MEG signals according to their individual noise levels to create unit‐free measures. Our Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that this integrative approach is capable of reconstructing complex cortical brain activations (up to 10 simultaneously activated and randomly located sources). Results from experimental data showed that complex brain activations evoked in a face recognition task were successfully reconstructed using the integrative approach, which were consistent with other research findings and validated by independent data from functional magnetic resonance imaging using the same stimulus protocol. Reconstructed cortical brain activations from both simulations and experimental data provided precise source localizations as well as accurate spatial extents of localized sources. In comparison with studies using EEG or MEG alone, the performance of cortical source reconstructions using combined EEG and MEG was significantly improved. We demonstrated that this new sparse ESI methodology with integrated analysis of EEG and MEG data could accurately probe spatiotemporal processes of complex human brain activations. This is promising for noninvasively studying large‐scale brain networks of high clinical and scientific significance. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of local hydrogeologic forcings on near‐stream event water recharge and retention (Upper San Pedro River, Arizona)
Authors: Simpson Scott C. , Meixner Thomas
Published: November 2011

The rise in stream stage during high flow events (floods) can induce losing stream conditions, even along stream reaches that are gaining during baseflow conditions. The aquifer response to flood events can affect the geochemical composition of both near‐stream groundwater and post‐event streamflow, but the amount and persistence of recharged floodwater may differ as a function of local hydrogeologic forcings. As a result, this study focuses on how vertical flood recharge varies under different hydrogeologic forcings and the significance that recharge processes can have on groundwater and streamflow composition after floods.

River and shallow groundwater samples were collected along three reaches of the Upper San Pedro River (Arizona, USA) before, during and after the 2009 and 2010 summer monsoon seasons. Tracer data from these samples indicate that subsurface floodwater propagation and residence times are strongly controlled by the direction and magnitude of the dominant stream–aquifer gradient. A reach that is typically strongly gaining shows minimal floodwater retention shortly after large events, whereas the moderately gaining and losing reaches can retain recharged floodwater from smaller events for longer periods. The moderately gaining reach likely returned flood recharge to the river as flow declined. These results indicate that reach‐scale differences in hydrogeologic forcing can control (i) the amount of local flood recharge during events and (ii) the duration of its subsurface retention and possible return to the stream during low‐flow periods. Our observations also suggest that the presence of floodwater in year‐round baseflow is not due to long‐term storage beneath the streambed along predominantly gaining reaches, so three alternative mechanisms are suggested: (i) repeated flooding that drives lateral redistribution of previously recharged floodwater, (ii) vertical recharge on the floodplain during overbank flow events and (iii) temporal variability in the stream–aquifer gradient due to seasonally varying water demands of riparian vegetation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonlinear function approach for the normalized complementary relationship evaporation model
Authors: Han Songjun , Hu Heping , Tian Fuqiang
Published: November 2011

A nonlinear function approach for the normalized complementary relationship evaporation model that is different from the methodology maintaining the symmetric complementary relationship with appropriate definitions of potential and wet‐environment evaporation is proposed and verified. This approach employs the definitions used in the advection‐aridity model, wherein the potential is estimated using the Penman equation. Normalized by Penman potential evaporation, the complementary relationship model is expressed as a function describing the relationship between the evaporation ratio (the ratio of the actual to the Penman potential evaporation) and the proportion of the radiation term in Penman potential evaporation. The new nonlinear function proposed in the current study is approximately equivalent to the advection‐aridity and the modified Granger models under conditions that are neither too wet nor too dry, but is more reasonable under arid and wet conditions. The new nonlinear function model performs well in estimating actual evaporation, as verified by the observed data from four sites under different land covers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme value modelling of daily areal rainfall over Mediterranean catchments in a changing climate
Authors: Tramblay Yves , Neppel Luc , Carreau Julie , Sanchez‐Gomez Emilia
Published: November 2011

Heavy rainfall events during the fall season are causing extended damages in Mediterranean catchments. A peaks‐over‐threshold model is developed for the extreme daily areal rainfall occurrence and magnitude in fall over six catchments in Southern France. The main driver of the heavy rainfall events observed in this region is the humidity flux (FHUM) from the Mediterranean Sea. Reanalysis data are used to compute the daily FHUM during the period 1958–2008, to be included as a covariate in the model parameters. Results indicate that the introduction of FHUM as a covariate can improve the modelling of extreme areal precipitation. The seasonal average of FHUM can improve the modelling of the seasonal occurrences of heavy rainfall events, whereas daily FHUM values can improve the modelling of the events magnitudes. In addition, an ensemble of simulations produced by five different general circulation models are considered to compute FHUM in future climate with the emission scenario A1B and hence to evaluate the effect of climate change on the heavy rainfall distribution in the selected catchments. This ensemble of climate models allows the evaluation of the uncertainties in climate projections. By comparison to the reference period 1960–1990, all models project an amplification of the mean seasonal FHUM from the Mediterranean Sea for the projection period 2070–2099, on average by +22%. This increase in FHUM leads to an increase in the number of heavy rainfall events, from an average of 2.55 events during the fall season in present climate to 3.57 events projected for the period 2070–2099. However, the projected changes have limited effects on the magnitude of extreme events, with only a 5% increase in the median of the 100‐year quantiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human papillomavirus in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Chao Angel , Chen Tse‐Ching , Hsueh Chuen , Huang Chu‐Chun , Yang Jung‐Erh , Hsueh Swei , Huang Huei‐Jean , Lin Cheng‐Tao , Tang Yun‐Hsin , Liou Jui‐Der , Chang Chee‐Jen , Chou Hung‐Hsueh , Lai Chyong‐Huey
Published: November 2011

There are limited data on the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). We sought to clarify this issue in a series of 450 VAIN cases with a confirmed diagnosis between 1990 and 2006. HPV genotyping was performed using paraffin‐embedded specimens and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods. Multiple HPV types were validated by E6 type‐specific PCR and direct sequencing. The HPV genotypes of the vaginal and cervical neoplasms were compared for those with incident VAIN and a history of previous/concomitant cervical neoplasms. Ki‐67 was performed for supporting diagnosis of VAIN. Of these 450 VAIN cases (median age, 59 years; range, 19–93), two with missing paraffin blocks and 54 with poor DNA quality were excluded. HPV was detected in 273/394 (69.3%) VAIN, and multiple infections were found in 17.9% of HPV‐positive samples. The leading types were HPV16 (35.5%), HPV58 (9.9%), HPV52 (9.9%), HPV39 (8.4%), HPV33 (7.3%) and HPV53 (7.0%). Among the 156 cases with a history of previous cervical neoplasia, 29.0% had concordant HPV genotypes, while synchronous VAIN samples (n = 49) were more likely to harbor concordant genotypes (58.7%) with the concomitant cervical neoplasm (p = 0.0003). Whether those HPV types in the incident VAIN lesions had existed in the vaginal epithelium at the time of the previous cervical neoplasia or a new acquisition needs to be clarified in prospective follow‐up studies.
Just Footprints in the Sand? Questioning Sustainability of an IRA International Project
Authors: Lewis‐Spector Jill , Richardson Judy S. , Janusheva Violeta
Published: November 2011

Volunteers from the International Reading Association (IRA) participated in the teacher education component of Macedonia's Secondary Education Activity, an initiative to reform vocational/technical education (VET), funded from 2004 to 2008 by USAID. Volunteers offered professional development to VET teachers using a trainer‐of‐trainers model, designed to create more interactive classrooms characterized by critical thinking and collaboration. The three authors–the initial lead volunteer, a Fulbright scholar, and a project participant–assess the sustainability of the component's goals by examining the interactions during project implementation of potential Macedonian change agents, including its Ministry of Education, within the context of institutional stability/change and power relationships. They also report findings from a postproject survey of project participants. While the authors identify political, social, and economic structural weaknesses that hampered widespread sustainability of project goals, they also note important positive effects on certain teachers who participated in IRA's professional development component.
Books Like Clothes: Engaging Young Black Men With Reading
Authors: Kirkland David E.
Published: November 2011

Using 18 weeks of classroom data from a much larger ethnographic study, Kirkland examines the reading ideologies influencing the literacy engagement of a young Black male, Derrick. (To protect participants’ identities, this article uses pseudonyms in place of participants’ actual names.) In doing so, Kirkland theorizes about how young Black males express thoughts about reading through specific statements of identity—what he calls genres of self. He concludes that many Black males read or don't read based on their thoughts about particular reading tasks—which include complex and layered beliefs around texts, contexts (of instruction), and the subtexts that permeate both. Kirkland suggests that young Black men often express such beliefs through grammars of acceptance/rejection. However, when the situation of reading fits them (i.e., corresponds with their reading ideologies), Black males read and find pleasure, interest, and purpose in doing so.
Becoming the Reading Mentors Our Adolescents Deserve: Developing a Successful Sustained Silent Reading Program
Authors: Lee Valarie
Published: November 2011

Today's adolescents must meet increasing demands for high levels of literacy. However, low self‐efficacy and motivation for reading often prohibit adolescents from developing and sustaining positive reading habits. Consequently, educators must provide opportunities for students to experience reading as a rewarding and useful endeavor. Research findings connect reading motivation with choice; however, language‐arts programs often do not afford adolescents opportunities to read for enjoyment. Programs such as Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) provide students time, space, most importantly, mentoring for personal reading. This article details one high school English teacher's journey to create a successful SSR period in her classroom using factors for success gleaned from research. The author details the impact teacher mentoring had on students’ reading attitudes and habits. Students experienced success in locating reading materials and sustaining a desire for and habit of reading. The author provides suggestions for high school faculty planning SSR programs in their schools.
Literacy Success: Fifty Students From Areas Throughout the United States Share Their Stories
Authors: Martinez Gilda
Published: November 2011

Students from low‐socioeconomic areas participated in this multiple‐case study, which sought to unveil how they succeeded in developing literacy skills and academic success along with recommendations they had for future students. The students in this study received a full college scholarship through the Ron Brown Scholar Program, and as a result were able to attend various universities of their choice. After completing their Bachelors’ degrees, they filled out surveys and answered follow‐up interview questions to assist with this research project. In addition, the essays submitted to the scholarship program were reviewed to aid in triangulating the data. Thus the data collected were surveys, interviews, and scholarship essays. Data was coded to examine themes that emerged as well as similarities and differences between students. The results indicated that there were six main factors helping the students develop literacy skills and achieve academic success.
Bridging Print Literacies and Digital Literacies Using Strategy Guides
Authors: Wood Karen D.
Published: November 2011

In this article, print and digital literacies are compared and examples of quality instruction are provided.
Polypropylene‐containing synthetic mesh devices in soft tissue repair: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huber Alexander , McCabe George P. , Boruch Alan V. , Medberry Christopher , Honerlaw Meghan , Badylak Stephen F.
Published: November 2011

The acute and chronic host tissue response to synthetic and biologic mesh devices for abdominal hernia repair is thought to ultimately determine clinical outcomes such as adhesion formation, device shrinkage, cellular response, and neotissue formation. A meta‐analysis of 38 publications was performed to assess these outcomes in six different treatment groups depending on mesh composition: polypropylene (PP), PP in combination with nonabsorbable polymers, PP in combination with absorbable polymers, non‐PP polymers, non‐PP in combination with absorbable polymers, and natural materials. Despite showing the least device shrinkage, meshes made entirely from PP generally showed the most adverse host tissue response. PP devices with an absorbable component elicited a more beneficial host response with respect to connective tissue adhesion and tissue inflammation than devices made from PP alone. These devices also provided a high level of mechanical stability resulting in a reduced level of adhesion formation and device shrinkage postapplication. However, the compositional heterogeneity within certain groups, that is, devices of non‐PP polymers, non‐PP in combination with absorbable polymers, and natural materials, did not allow for a more detailed evaluation or the identification of a single composition with superior host tissue response characteristics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Development of an injectable two‐phase drug delivery system for sequential release of antiresorptive and osteogenic drugs
Authors: Zou Y. , Brooks J. L. , Talwalkar V. , Milbrandt T. A. , Puleo D. A.
Published: November 2011

Unlike controlled release systems that deliver a single drug, dual or multidrug delivery systems with distinct release profiles are more likely to promote timely and effective tissue regeneration as they provide both temporally and concentration‐dependent release of different molecules to mimic natural biological events. In this study, an injectable and biodegradable delivery system was developed to sequentially release an antiresorptive drug (clodronate) followed by an osteogenic agent (simvastatin) to treat bone disease. The injectable delivery system comprised simvastatin‐loaded gelatin microspheres suspended in a viscous solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) containing clodronate. Several factors (CMC concentration, glutaraldehyde concentration, simvastatin loading, and gelatin microsphere processing conditions) were investigated for their effects on drug release. Clodronate release was not affected by CMC concentration, with complete delivery within 12 hr, and simvastatin release could be modulated by cross‐linking of the gelatin microspheres, loading, and washing conditions. Burst release of simvastatin was reduced from 70% to 6% in conjunction with sustained release for up to 3 weeks. The combined system showed early release of the antiresorptive clodronate sequentially followed by sustained delivery of the osteogenic simvastatin. This robust and flexible two‐phase delivery system may prove useful for applications in which multiple drug delivery is desired. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
A hierarchical mesh film with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties for oil and water separation
Authors: Wu Jun , Chen Jing , Qasim Khan , Xia Jun , Lei Wei , Wang Bao‐ping
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Solid surfaces possessing both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties have attracted great interest for fundamental research and potential application. However, fabrication of the reported surfaces is usually time‐consuming and the wetability of the surfaces could not be achieved to the desired level in rugged environments.

RESULTS: A hierarchical stainless steel mesh film comprising structures with three scales of roughness was synthesized by a simple chemical bath deposition method. After being modified with a low surface energy material e.g. Teflon, these films exhibit superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. In this study it was demonstrated that the unique properties of the as‐prepared films match well with the requirements for the effective separation of oil and water mixtures.

CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the unique surface wetability of the surface is due to the cooperative effect of the hierarchical structures of the stainless steel mesh films and the natural low surface tension of Teflon. Furthermore, fabrication is simple and economic, and the surface exhibited robust durability even in a rugged environment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of light quality on the accumulation of oil in a mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shu Chin‐Hang , Tsai Chieh‐Chung , Liao Wei‐Hsiu , Chen Kun‐Yan , Huang Hao‐Chen
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Chlorella strains rather than terrestrial oil crops having higher oil content and shorter generation time have been considered as promising candidates for alternative biodiesel. Since the influence of light quality on oil formation of microalgae in either monoculture or mixed culture has been shown to be either inconsistent or ambiguous, a light‐emitting diode (LED) photo‐bioreactor with different light sources and intensities was used in this study to investigate a cost‐effective lipid production process.

RESULTS: The oil accumulation in a mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was higher than that in the monoculture under the different light sources used. Results of the influence of light quality on the mixed culture indicated that the optimal light wavelength and intensity for biomass formation was red LED light at 1000 lux, whereas the optimum for oil formation was blue LED light at 1000 lux. A novel two‐stage LED photo‐bioreactor was thus proposed and the highest Pmax and productivity in this study were obtained as 261 mg L−1 and 8.16 mg L−1 h−1, respectively.

CONCLUSION: A novel two‐stage LED photo‐bioreactor using a mixed culture to optimize microalgal oil production was proposed and successfully demonstrated in this study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Exogenous collagen cross‐linking recovers tendon functional integrity in an experimental model of partial tear
Authors: Fessel Gion , Wernli Jeremy , Li Yufei , Gerber Christian , Snedeker Jess G.
Published: November 2011

We investigated the hypothesis that exogenous collagen cross‐linking can augment intact regions of tendon to mitigate mechanical propagation of partial tears. We first screened the low toxicity collagen cross‐linkers genipin, methylglyoxal and ultra‐violet (UV) light for their ability to augment tendon stiffness and failure load in rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTF). We then investigated cross‐linking effects in load bearing equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT). Data indicated that all three cross‐linking agents augmented RTTF mechanical properties but reduced native viscoelasticity. In contrast to effects observed in fascicles, methylglyoxal treatment of SDFT detrimentally affected tendon mechanical integrity, and in the case of UV did not alter tendon mechanics. As in the RTTF experiments, genipin cross‐linking of SDFT resulted in increased stiffness, higher failure loads and reduced viscoelasticity. Based on this result we assessed the efficacy of genipin in arresting tendon tear propagation in cyclic loading to failure. Genipin cross‐linking secondary to a mid‐substance biopsy‐punch significantly reduced tissue strains, increased elastic modulus and increased resistance to fatigue failure. We conclude that genipin cross‐linking of injured tendons holds potential for arresting tendon tear progression, and that implications of the treatment on matrix remodeling in living tendons should now be investigated. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:973–981, 2012
Proliferation and differentiation of human tenocytes in response to platelet rich plasma: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Wang Xiao , Qiu Yiwei , Triffitt James , Carr Andrew , Xia Zhidao , Sabokbar Afsie
Published: November 2011

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is the autologous plasma fraction with a platelet‐rich cellular component which is enriched with a number of growth factors. Due to its availability and low cost, PRP has become an increasingly popular clinical tool as an alternative source of growth factors for various applications, for example, tendon regeneration but with limited success in clinical trials. The main objective of the current study was to determine whether activated PRP [i.e., platelet rich plasma‐clot release (PRCR)] could be used to induce the proliferation and collagen synthesis in human tenocyte in vitro. The advantage of using PRCR is that the platelet‐derived bioactive factors are more concentrated and could initiate a more rapid and accelerated healing response than PRP. Our results demonstrated that 10% PRCR treatment accelerated the extent of cell proliferation and collagen production by human tenocytes in vitro. The expression of specific tenocyte markers were similar to conventional fetal bovine serum (FBS)‐treated tenocytes implanted in mice within 14 days of implantation in diffusion chambers. Moreover, relatively more collagen fibrils were evident in PRCR‐treated tenocytes in vivo as compared to 10% FBS‐treated cells. Overall, our feasibility study has indicated that PRCR can induce human tenocyte proliferation and collagen synthesis which could be implemented for future tendon regeneration in reconstructive surgeries. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:982–990, 2012
Resource selection by the eastern massasauga rattlesnake on managed land in southwestern Michigan
Authors: Bailey Robyn L. , Campa Henry , Bissell Kristin M. , Harrison Tara M.
Published: November 2011

The eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) has experienced population declines throughout its range and is now a candidate for federal protection. However, little is known about massasauga habitat selection in Michigan, particularly in actively managed landscapes. Our objectives were to: 1) quantify whether massasaugas in southwestern Michigan select certain vegetation types disproportionately to their availability and 2) quantify whether the vegetation structure associated with snake locations differed between managed (e.g., burning, woody species removal) and unmanaged stands. We implanted radio transmitters in 51 snakes from 2004 to 2005 and 2008 to 2009. We quantified second‐order resource selection using compositional analysis, and modeled the effect of habitat management efforts on vegetation using 4 structural variables. All snakes selected cover types disproportionately to their availability (P = 0.001); a ranking matrix ordered the vegetation types, from most to least used, as: early‐mid successional deciduous wetland > early‐mid successional deciduous upland > developed > late successional mixed lowland forest > late successional deciduous upland forest. We found that snakes in managed areas were associated with greater amounts of dead herbaceous cover (P = 0.005) and less woody stem density (P < 0.001) and tree dominance (P < 0.001) than were snakes in unmanaged areas; however, live herbaceous cover was comparable. Our results can be used by regional managers to provide early and mid successional habitat with structure similar to that selected by snakes in Michigan. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Short‐term response of Dicamptodon tenebrosus larvae to timber management in southwestern Oregon
Authors: Leuthold Niels , Adams Michael J. , Hayes John P.
Published: November 2011

In the Pacific Northwest, previous studies have found a negative effect of timber management on the abundance of stream amphibians, but results have been variable and region specific. These studies have generally used survey methods that did not account for differences in capture probability and focused on stands that were harvested under older management practices. We examined the influences of contemporary forest practices on larval Dicamptodon tenebrosus as part of the Hinkle Creek paired watershed study. We used a mark–recapture analysis to estimate D. tenebrosus density at 100 1‐m sites spread throughout the basin and used extended linear models that accounted for correlation resulting from the repeated surveys at sites across years. Density was associated with substrate, but we found no evidence of an effect of harvest. While holding other factors constant, the model‐averaged estimates indicated; 1) each 10% increase in small cobble or larger substrate increased median density of D. tenebrosus 1.05 times, 2) each 100‐ha increase in the upstream area drained decreased median density of D. tenebrosus 0.96 times, and 3) increasing the fish density in the 40 m around a site by 0.01 increased median salamander density 1.01 times. Although this study took place in a single basin, it suggests that timber management in similar third‐order basins of the southwestern Oregon Cascade foothills is unlikely to have short‐term effects of D. tenebrosus larvae. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.