bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoupling the Ionic Conductivity and Elastic Modulus of Gel Electrolytes: Fully Zwitterionic Copolymer Scaffolds in Lithium Salt/Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: D'Angelo Anthony J. , Panzer Matthew J.
Published: July 2018

A critical barrier to overcome in the development of solid‐state electrolytes for lithium batteries is the trade‐off between sacrificing ionic conductivity for enhancement of mechanical stiffness. Here, a physically cross‐linked, polymer‐supported gel electrolyte consisting of a lithium salt/ionic liquid solution featuring a fully zwitterionic (ZI) copolymer network is introduced for rechargeable lithium‐based batteries. The ZI scaffold is synthesized using a 3:1 molar ratio of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and sulfobetaine vinylimidazole, and the total polymer content is varied between 1.1 and 12.5 wt%. Room‐temperature ionic conductivity values comparable to the base liquid electrolyte (≈1 mS cm−1) are achieved in ZI copolymer‐supported gels that display compressive elastic moduli as large as 14.3 MPa due to ZI dipole–dipole cross‐links. Spectroscopic characterization suggests a change in the Li+coordination shell upon addition of the zwitterions, indicative of strong Li+···ZI group interactions. Li+transference number measurements reveal an increase in Li+conductivity within a ZI gel electrolyte (nearly doubles). ZI gels display enhanced stability against Li metal, dendrite suppression, and suitable charge–discharge performance in a graphite|lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cell. Fully ZI polymer networks in nonvolatile, ionic liquid‐based electrolytes represent a promising approach toward realizing highly conductive, mechanically rigid gels for lithium battery technologies.
Prognosis of patients with intermediate risk IPSS‐R myelodysplastic syndrome indicates variable outcomes and need for models beyond IPSS‐R
Authors: Benton Christopher B. , Khan Maliha , Sallman David , Nazha Aziz , Nogueras González Graciela M. , Piao Jin , Ning Jing , Aung Fleur , Al Ali Najla , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan M. , Borthakur Gautam , Ravandi Farhad , Pierce Sherry , Steensma David , DeZern Amy , Roboz Gail , Sekeres Mikkael , Andreeff Michael , Kantarjian Hagop , Komrokji Rami S. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: July 2018

The International Prognostic Scoring System‐Revised (IPSS‐R) is one standard for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk stratification. It divides patients into five categories including an intermediate subset (IPSS‐R int‐risk). Outcomes and clinical interventions for patients with IPSS‐R int‐risk are not well defined. We performed an analysis of outcomes of this group of patients. Out of 3167 patients, a total of 298 were identified with IPSS‐R int‐risk MDS and retrospectively analyzed to assess characteristics affecting outcomes. Cox proportional hazard models for overall survival (OS) were performed to identify statistically significant clinical factors that influence survival. Age of 66 years or greater, peripheral blood blasts of 2% or more, and history of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were significantly associated with inferior survival. Based on these features, MDS patients with IPSS‐R int‐risk were classified into two prognostic risk groups for analysis, an int‐favorable group and an int‐adverse group, and had significantly divergent outcomes. Sequential prognostication was validated using two independent datasets comprising over 700 IPSS‐R int‐risk patients. The difference in median survival between int‐favorable and int‐adverse patients was 3.7 years in the test cohort, and 1.8 and 2.0 years in the two validation cohorts. These results confirm significantly variable outcomes of patients with IPSS‐R int‐risk and need for different prognostic systems.
Colloids for Catalysts: A Concept for the Preparation of Superior Catalysts of Industrial Relevance
Authors: Quinson Jonathan , Neumann Sara , Wannmacher Tanja , Kacenauskaite Laura , Inaba Masanori , Bucher Jan , Bizzotto Francesco , Simonsen Søren B. , Theil Kuhn Luise , Bujak Dajana , Zana Alessandro , Arenz Matthias , Kunz Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Compared to conventional preparation methods for supported heterogeneous catalysts, the use of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) allows for a precise control over size, size distribution, and distribution/location of the NPs on the support. However, common colloidal syntheses have restrictions that limit their applicability for industrial catalyst preparation. We present a simple, surfactant‐free, and scalable preparation method for colloidal NPs to overcome these restrictions. We demonstrate how precious‐metal NPs are prepared in alkaline methanol, how the particle size can be tuned, and how supported catalysts are obtained. The potential of these colloids in the preparation of improved catalysts is demonstrated by two examples from heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis.
Placogorgia coronata first documented record in Italian waters: Use of trawl bycatch to unveil vulnerable deep‐sea ecosystems
Authors: Enrichetti Francesco , Bavestrello Giorgio , Coppari Martina , Betti Federico , Bo Marzia
Published: July 2018

Despite the pluri‐decennial history of bottom trawling monitoring in the Italian Sea, limited attention has been given to the study of cold water corals (CWCs) present in the bycatch. As a result, trawl samples still hold a great potential to reveal information about deep‐water biodiversity.

The rare Mediterranean CWC species Placogorgia coronata was repeatedly found in the bottom trawl discards of the red shrimp fishery in Santa Margherita Ligure (Ligurian Sea). The supposed rarity of this species is strongly biased by taxonomic problems within the genus as well as by the limited exploration of these deep habitats.

Scientific literature as well as remotely operated vehicle surveys highlighted the presence, in the investigated trawled area, of a dead white coral framework, supporting the hypothesis that the CWC studied, probably thriving on coral rubble, occurs here due to the natural protection to trawling offered by the coral matrix. Trawlers, however, may accidentally affect these secondary hard grounds, as demonstrated by the discard content.

The long‐term monitoring of the catches highlighted a removal rate of up to one colony every two trawling operations; based on the anecdotal fishing effort in this area and the status of the discarded specimens, it is possible to estimate an average catch rate of about 18 live colonies per year per fisherman.

The occurrence of rare CWC species with low resilience to fishing disturbance is among the required information for the identification of fishing restriction zones designed to protect deep vulnerable marine ecosystems.
Informal data citation for data sharing and reuse is more common than formal data citation in biomedical fields
Authors: Park Hyoungjoo , You Sukjin , Wolfram Dietmar
Published: July 2018

Data citation, where products of research such as data sets, software, and tissue cultures are shared and acknowledged, is becoming more common in the era of Open Science. Currently, the practice of formal data citation—where data references are included alongside bibliographic references in the reference section of a publication—is uncommon. We examine the prevalence of data citation, documenting data sharing and reuse, in a sample of full text articles from the biological/biomedical sciences, the fields with the most public data sets available documented by the Data Citation Index (DCI). We develop a method that combines automated text extraction with human assessment for revealing candidate occurrences of data sharing and reuse by using terms that are most likely to indicate their occurrence. The analysis reveals that informal data citation in the main text of articles is far more common than formal data citations in the references of articles. As a result, data sharers do not receive documented credit for their data contributions in a similar way as authors do for their research articles because informal data citations are not recorded in sources such as the DCI. Ongoing challenges for the study of data citation are also outlined.
A new qualitative rating system for scientific publications and a fame index for academics
Authors: Fassin Yves
Published: July 2018

An innovative approach is proposed for a rating system for academic publications based on a categorization into ratings comparable to financial ratings such as Moody's and S&P ratings (AAA, AA, A, BA, BBB, BB, B, C). The categorization makes use of a variable percentile approach based on recently developed h‐related indices. Building on this categorization, a new index is proposed for researchers, the fame‐index or f2‐index. This new index integrates some qualitative elements related to the influence of a researcher's articles. It better mitigates than the classic h‐index.
Distributed Event‐Triggered Consensus for Multiple Underactuated Systems Under Markovian Switching Topologies
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Wang Hongbin , Hu Zhongquan , Ge Shungang
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a distributed consensus algorithm that employs event‐triggered communication for multiple underactuated systems under Markovian switching topologies. Instead of the general stochastic topology, the graph of the entire system is governed by a set of Markov chains to the edges, which can recover the general Markovian switching topologies in line with the practical communication network. By utilizing integral sliding mode control strategy, rigorous analysis of the asymptotic convergence results has been performed through graph theory and Lyapunov stability theory. An event‐triggered communication law is provided for each agent and Zeno behavior of triggering time sequences is excluded. It will yield to the very first application of the multiple underactuated systems, in which the system states could be enforced to track the leader. Finally, the illustrative simulations on six underactuated two‐link manipulators are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Two‐Layer Terminal Sliding Mode Attitude Control of Satellites Equipped with Reaction Wheels
Authors: Bayat Farhad , Javaheri Mojtaba
Published: July 2018

This paper addresses the global stability and robust attitude tracking problem of a near polar orbit satellite subject to unknown disturbances and uncertainties. It is assumed that the satellite is fully actuated by a set of reaction wheels (RW) as control actuators because of their relative simplicity, versatility and high accuracy. The terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) approach is utilized in a two‐level architecture to achieve control objectives. In the lower layer a detumbling‐like controller is designed which guarantees the finite‐time detumbling and tracking of the desired angular velocities and based on this result a robust attitude tracking controller is designed in the upper layer to achieve 3‐axis attitude tracking in the presence of unknown disturbances and bounded uncertainties. Robust stability and tracking properties of designed controllers are proved using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, a set of numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed control method.
Ultra‐Lightweight, High Power Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Duduta Mihai , de Rivaz Sebastien , Clarke David R. , Wood Robert J.
Published: July 2018

Current fabrication methods for lithium‐ion batteries impose a limit on how light a high power battery can be made. The lack of lightweight (<300 mg), high power batteries is a significant constraint to the development of untethered micro‐robots, wearable haptics, mobile computing, and biomedical applications. We have developed a laser micro‐machining and assembly process which can produce batteries up to 30 times lighter than the lightest high power commercial cell, at comparable power densities (>1 kW/kg). Our process is versatile and can be adapted to make custom geometries, miniature high voltage cells, and more, all while using a broad range of starting materials. We see this technology as a path to highly versatile miniature power sources, that will enable a wide range of small‐scale applications.
Model‐based evaluation of continuous bioethanol production plant
Authors: Shokrkar Hanieh , Abbasabadi Mahsa , Ebrahimi Sirous
Published: July 2018

In this study, a mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the performance of industrial‐scale bioethanol production from molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a series of bioreactors operated in continuous mode. The model was based on three simple metabolic pathways in the yeast including molasses fermentation, molasses oxidation, and ethanol oxidation. The model parameters were estimated using the AQUASIM software by minimizing the error between measurements and calculated results. Results show that the model predictions agree well with the experimental results. The model is a useful tool to predict volumes, levels, discharge flow, bioethanol, and biomass concentrations in each bioreactor during the process. As it is not practical to make changes in steady‐state continuous operation processes, the model can also be used to optimize the process performance and to increase the biomass and ethanol yields. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The construction and online/offline blended learning of small private online courses of Principles of Chemical Engineering
Authors: Zeng Xianlu , Yu Caoming , Liu Ya , Hu Xin , Hao Qinglan , Jiang Yongfu , Dai Wei , Zhang Kangda , Teng Botao
Published: July 2018

The small private online course (SPOC) of Principles of Chemical Engineering for the majors of Chemistry, Material, Environment, Pharmaceutical Sciences, etc., has been constructed by the teaching team of chemical engineering in Zhejiang Normal University. We recorded 101 micro‐videos of knowledge points, which explained in detail the fluid flow, fluid transportation machinery, heat transfer as well as distillation and absorption; and briefly interpreted the operations involving particulate solids, mass transfer equipments, evaporation, extraction, and drying of solids. The SPOC course has been online and run for 2 years on Zhejiang Institutions of Higher Learning Online Open Course Sharing Platform. Our teaching practices show that the online/offline blended learning combines the students’ online self‐study through micro‐videos before class with traditional classroom, and greatly improves the learning efficiency. Meanwhile, the blended learning based on the online courses shares the high‐quality courses and will be the future trend in higher education.
Quick Click: The DNA‐Templated Ligation of 3′‐O‐Propargyl‐ and 5′‐Azide‐Modified Strands Is as Rapid as and More Selective than Ligase
Authors: Osman Eiman A. , Gadzikwa Tendai , Gibbs Julianne M.
Published: July 2018

The copper(I)‐mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of 3′‐propargyl ether and 5′‐azide oligonucleotides is a particularly promising ligation system because it results in triazole linkages that effectively mimic the phosphate–sugar backbone of DNA, leading to unprecedented tolerance of the ligated strands by polymerases. However, for a chemical ligation strategy to be a viable alternative to enzymatic systems, it must be equally as rapid, as discriminating, and as easy to use. We found that the DNA‐templated reaction with these modifications was rapid under aerobic conditions, with nearly quantitative conversion in 5 min, resulting in a kobs value of 1.1 min−1, comparable with that measured in an enzymatic ligation system by using the highest commercially available concentration of T4 DNA ligase. Moreover, the CuAAC reaction also exhibited greater selectivity in discriminating C:A or C:T mismatches from the C:G match than that of T4 DNA ligase at 29 °C; a temperature slightly below the perfect nicked duplex dissociation temperature, but above that of the mismatched duplexes. These results suggest that the CuAAC reaction of 3′‐propargyl ether and 5′‐azide‐terminated oligonucleotides represents a complementary alternative to T4 DNA ligase, with similar reaction rates, ease of setup and even enhanced selectivity for certain mismatches.
Color characteristics of white salted, alkaline, and egg noodles prepared from Triticum aestivum L. and a soft kernel durum T. turgidum ssp. durum
Authors: Kiszonas Alecia M. , Ma Dongyun , Fuerst Eugene Patrick , Casper Jeff , Engle Doug A. , Morris Craig F.
Published: July 2018

Background and objectives

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) may have advantages over bread wheat in making various styles of noodles due to low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and high yellow pigment. However, the very hard kernel texture of durum wheat may pose a hindrance to its expanded utilization. The development of soft kernel durum wheat prompted this research into comparing the color of white salted, alkaline, and egg noodle sheets over time and three levels of hydration for one durum and 10 hexaploid wheat varieties.

Findings

All noodle sheets darkened over time and “varieties” was a major source of variation. PPO activity was a poor predictor of noodle sheet brightness (L*) at 48 hr for all three styles of noodle. The soft durum variety “Soft Svevo” exhibited about average brightness but tended to have low discoloration (ΔL*) over time. The range in the green‐red axis, a*, was small, and all noodle sheets exhibited a small positive increase with most values near the neutral gray value. All noodle sheets were yellow, with Soft Svevo being markedly more yellow in all three formulations. The alkaline pH increased average yellowness by three units overall, but in Soft Svevo, not at all. In some varieties, a decrease in yellow color occurred from 6 to 48 hr.

Conclusions

The low PPO activity of Soft Svevo did not predict an advantage in white salted, alkaline, and egg noodle sheet brightness over the “best” hexaploid wheat varieties. The reason was not resolved but may be related to marked differences in protein content of the flours.

Significance and novelty

Soft kernel durum wheat exhibited some advantages over hexaploid wheat, particularly in low discoloration (ΔL*) and high yellow color. In no way was soft durum found to be inferior to hexaploid wheat.
Ligand Design to Acquire Specificity to Intended G‐Quadruplex Structures
Authors: Asamitsu Sefan , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2018

A G‐quadruplex is a nucleic acid secondary structure that is adopted by guanine‐rich sequences, and is considered to be relevant in various pharmacological and biological contexts. G‐Quadruplexes have also attracted great attention in the field of DNA nanotechnology because of their extremely high thermal stability and the availability of many defined structures. To date, a large repertory of DNA/RNA G‐quadruplex‐interactive ligands has been developed by numerous laboratories. Several relevant reviews have also been published that have helped researchers to grasp the full scope of G‐quadruplex research from its outset to the present. This review focuses on the G‐quadruplex ligands that allow targeting of specific G‐quadruplexes. Moreover, unique ligands, successful methodologies, and future perspectives in relation to specific G‐quadruplex recognition are also addressed.
Identifying a Needle in a Haystack: Isolation and Structural Characterization of Er2C94 as the Carbide Er2C2@D3(85)‐C92
Authors: Stevenson Steven , Tepper Katelyn R. , Davison Cody M. , Powers Xian B. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L.
Published: July 2018

A method has been developed for isolating a pure sample of Er2C94 from the myriad of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes that are formed in the electric arc process. Crystallographic analysis of Er2C94 in a cocrystal formed with Ni(OEP) reveals that the molecule is the carbide Er2C2@D3(85)‐C92. Crystals of Er2C2@D3(85)‐C92⋅Ni(octaethylporphyrin)⋅2 C7H8 are isostructural with those of Sm2@D3(85)‐C92⋅Ni(octaethylporphyrin)⋅2 (chlorobenzene). Comparisons are made between the four crystallographically characterized endohedrals (Er2C2@D3(85)‐C92, Gd2C2@D3(85)‐C92, La2C2@D3(85)‐C92, and Sm2@D3(85)‐C92) that utilize the chiral D3(85)‐C92 cage.
Amino‐Substituted 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands as Fluorescent Indicators for ZnII and Applications for Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cells
Authors: Turnbull William L. , Luyt Leonard G.
Published: July 2018

ZnII concentrations in malignant prostate tissues are much lower than in benign or healthy, suggesting that ZnII levels are a potential biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). Five 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands were synthesized containing amino substituents with varying electron‐donating ability for investigation as fluorescent ZnII indicators. The excited state characteristics of the ligands were explored by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. 3,3′‐Diamino‐2,2′‐bipyridine (1) was previously shown to be weakly fluorescent as a result of π→π* transitions. The other four ligands have properties consistent with an n→π* intraligand charge transfer excited state. Strongly donating amino and aminophenyl (2 and 4) substituents gave low quantum yields, while weaker donating benzimidazole substituents (6 and 7) gave high quantum yields. Absorption and fluorescence wavelengths underwent bathochromic shifts upon ZnII binding in a majority of cases. Quantum yields drastically increased upon ZnII binding for 1 and 2, but decreased for 4, 6, and 7. Compounds 6 and 7 were incubated with PC‐3, DU 145 and BPH‐1 cells to determine their ZnII sensing abilities in a biological system. Weak fluorescence was observed in BPH‐1 cells and subsequent incubation with ZnII caused fluorescence intensity to increase. No fluorescence was observed in PCa cell lines. Further investigation of these ligands may allow for quantitative determination of ZnII concentrations in ex vivo tissue samples.
The Dual Role of Gold(I) Complexes in Photosensitizer‐Free Visible‐Light‐Mediated Gold‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Alkynes: A DFT Study
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Yang Yiying , Zhu Rongxiu , Liu Chengbu , Zhang Dongju
Published: July 2018

Recently, a photosensitizer‐free visible‐light‐mediated gold‐catalyzed 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkynes has been developed. However, mechanistic aspects of this unconventional photocatalytic reaction remain largely obscure. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD)DFT calculations, we mimicked the photosensitizer‐free visible‐light‐mediated gold‐catalyzed 1,2‐difunctionalization of 1‐phenyl‐1‐hexyne and focused on two fundamental questions: how does photoredox catalysis occur without assistance of an exogenous photosensitizer under visible light irradiation, and what is the detailed mechanism of the gold‐catalyzed 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkynes? The results reveal the dual role of the gold(I) complex in light‐harvesting and catalysis, where a charge‐transfer (CT) complex formed by the association of gold(I) catalyst with PhN2BF4 acts as a photosensitizer, which can undergo an electronic transition between the gold(I) moiety and PhN2BF4 of the CT complex into an excited electronic state and afford a charge‐transfer exciplex. The oxidative quenching of the exciplex generates the gold(II) species and diazobenzene radical. The subsequent catalytic cycle proceeds via two parallel pathways, involving the radical addition to gold(II) and gold(I) centers, respectively, and in these two pathways the reductive elimination of gold(III) species is identified as the rate‐determining step of the whole reaction. The present study could provide a new understanding for exogenous‐photosensitizer‐free visible‐light‐mediated gold‐catalyzed processes.
Metal–Organic Frameworks with Organogold(III) Complexes for Photocatalytic Amine Oxidation with Enhanced Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Han Qing , Wang Yue‐Lin , Sun Min , Sun Chun‐Yi , Zhu Shan‐Shan , Wang Xin‐Long , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: July 2018

Luminescent organogold(III) complex AuIII with highly emissive triplet excited state was encapsulated in two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different pore sizes and structures (MOF1 and ZJU‐28). Compared with the AuIII complex in solution, the resultant composites AuIII@MOF1 and AuIII@ZJU‐28 exhibit enhanced emission intensity, lifetime, and quantum yield. Under irradiation, AuIII@MOFs are efficient, selective, and recyclable catalysts for light‐induced aerobic C−N bond formation. When used as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidizing secondary amines to the corresponding imines, AuIII@ZJU‐28 achieved high TONs of 876–1548, which are about 2.8–3.5 times higher than that of the homogenous AuIII complex. In addition, different selectivities in oxidizing mixed substrates is realized by means of different host MOFs, and thus encapsulating the AuIII complex in an appropriate MOF allowed the desired product to be obtained. Inherent shortcomings of homogeneous catalysts in cyclic use are also overcome by using composite catalysts, and high conversion of the AuIII@ZJU‐28 catalyst was still observed after ten cycles.
A 3D face registration algorithm based on conformal mapping
Authors: Qian Kun , Su Kehua , Zhang Jialing , Li Yinghua
Published: July 2018

Recently, 3D facial datasets are more easily available, and at the same time, the research of 3D face becomes more and more important. One of the most important research fields is 3D face registration, which plays an important role in face recognition, face shape analysis, and face animation. However, one of the most challenging issues in 3D face registration is to obtain a unique mapping for faces with different expression and landmark constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel conformal mapping algorithm to deal with the 3D face registration. Besides, the calculation is about harmonic energy, which makes our method applicable to low‐quality meshes. We begin with a harmonic mapping, then minimize the harmonic energy by a specific boundary condition on surfaces, and to obtain the conformal mapping, finally, we use a landmark‐constrained surface registration algorithm to register faces. Numerical experiments on various surfaces demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our method.
Leveraging OSD+ devices for implementing a high‐throughput parallel file system
Authors: Piernas Juan , González‐Férez Pilar
Published: July 2018

OSD+s are enhanced object‐based storage devices (OSDs) able to deal with both data and metadata operations via data and directory objects, respectively. So far, we have focused on designing and implementing efficient directory objects in OSD+s. This paper, however, presents our work on also supporting data objects and describes how the coexistence of both kinds of objects in each OSD+ is profited to efficiently implement data objects and to speed up some common file operations. We compare our OSD+‐based Fusion Parallel File System (FPFS) with Lustre and OrangeFS through different microbenchmarks and HPCS‐IO scenarios. Results show that FPFS provides a throughput up to 37× better than Lustre and up to 95× better than OrangeFS for metadata workloads. FPFS also provides 34% more bandwidth than OrangeFS for data workloads and competes with Lustre in data writes. Results also show serious scalability problems in Lustre and OrangeFS that limit their performance.
HaDaap: A hotness‐aware data placement strategy for improving storage efficiency in heterogeneous Hadoop clusters
Authors: Xiong Runqun , Du Yao , Jin Jiahui , Luo Junzhou
Published: July 2018

Enterprises increasingly use the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to manage and store big data for many applications. However, HDFS uses triple replication, leading to staggering data center storage costs. As big data increases in volume and its heat levels becomes more sensitive, there comes a point where storing so much cold data actually makes it less accessible and more expensive. Meanwhile, as data centers expand, the heterogeneity of nodes also becomes an issue. Rack‐aware data placement adopted by HDFS results in an unbalanced load and uneven resource allocation because it ignores the data nodes' heterogeneity. Here, we attempt to resolve these problems by proposing a hotness‐aware data placement strategy (named HaDaap). In HaDaap, the first step is to use a hotness‐aware data clustering algorithm to set the data's degree of heat. Then, cold data (with a redundancy of erasure code) are placed through a Double Sort Exchange algorithm to reduce storage costs and increase data availability. Finally, hot data are placed via a dynamic replication placement mechanism that comprehensively factors availability, load, and storage costs. Experimental results show that with these enhancements, HaDaap uses resources rationally and substantially reduces storage costs by considering the difference of data hotness in heterogeneous Hadoop clusters.
Non‐Pairwise Interactions in Parahydrogen Experiments: Nuclear Exchange of Single Protons Enables Bulk Water Hyperpolarization
Authors: Emondts Meike , Schikowski Daniel , Klankermayer Jürgen , Schleker P. Philipp M.
Published: July 2018

Hyperpolarization with parahydrogen (p‐H2) is a fast developing field in NMR, which enables overcoming the inherent low sensitivity of this important technique. The hyperpolarization of solvents, particularly of water, offers a wide range of applications for structural investigations of macromolecules and biomedical imaging. Until lately, only organic solvents could be polarized by means of parahydrogen via coherent redistribution of polarization (SABRE mechanism). In this study, we investigate in detail the mechanism of the recently reported bulk water hyperpolarization with a combination of theoretical and experimental methods, finally showing a chemical exchange pathway of single protons as basis for the enhancement. The prerequisites for preserving hyperpolarization upon separation of the two hydrogen atoms of p−H2 are demonstrated by theoretical examinations of the boundary conditions for the hyperpolarization experiments in accordance with the OneH−PHIP theory. These findings yielded the proposal of the novel NEPTUN mechanism (Nuclear Exchange Polarization by Transposing Unattached Nuclei) as the non‐hydrogenative equivalent to the established OneH−PHIP and thus the missing link in parahydrogen hyperpolarization theory.
Advancing Predictions of Tissue and Intracellular Drug Concentrations Using In Vitro, Imaging and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approaches
Authors: Guo Yingying , Chu Xiaoyan , Parrott Neil J. , Brouwer Kim L.R. , Hsu Vicky , Nagar Swati , Matsson Pär , Sharma Pradeep , Snoeys Jan , Sugiyama Yuichi , Tatosian Daniel , Unadkat Jashvant D. , Huang Shiew‐Mei , Galetin Aleksandra ,   the International Transporter Consortium
Published: July 2018

This white paper examines recent progress, applications, and challenges in predicting unbound and total tissue and intra/subcellular drug concentrations using in vitro and preclinical models, imaging techniques, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Published examples, regulatory submissions, and case studies illustrate the application of different types of data in drug development to support modeling and decision making for compounds with transporter‐mediated disposition, and likely disconnects between tissue and systemic drug exposure. The goals of this article are to illustrate current best practices and outline practical strategies for selecting appropriate in vitro and in vivo experimental methods to estimate or predict tissue and plasma concentrations, and to use these data in the application of PBPK modeling for human pharmacokinetic (PK), efficacy, and safety assessment in drug development.
A Stable and Efficient Cathode for Fluorine‐Containing Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Xie Yun , Shi Nai , Huan Daoming , Tan Wenzhou , Zhu Junfa , Zheng Xusheng , Pan Haibin , Peng Ranran , Xia Changrong
Published: July 2018

Substitution of anions such as F− and Cl− can effectively improve the stability of proton‐conducting electrolytes at no expense to proton conduction. However, during operation, F− and Cl− in electrolytes can transfer to the cathodes, which reduces the stability of the electrolytes. In this work, F−‐doped Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ [Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O2.9−δF0.1 (F‐BSCF)] was prepared as a potential cathode for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells with BaCe0.8Sm0.2F0.1O2.85 electrolyte. The incorporation of F− in the cathode depressed F− diffusion from the electrolyte and improved the stability of button cells. Temperature‐changing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic conductivity relaxation results demonstrated that the incorporation of F− enhanced the oxygen incorporation kinetics at intermediate temperatures and improved the cathode catalytic performance. Moreover, a button cell prepared with this novel cathode was stable for 270 h at a current density of 300 mA cm−2 and 700 °C, which was much superior than those containing a BSCF cathode.
A Two‐Step Oxidative Cleavage of 1,2‐Diol Fatty Esters into Acids or Nitriles by a Dehydrogenation–Oxidative Cleavage Sequence
Authors: Guicheret Boris , Bertholo Yann , Blach Philippe , Raoul Yann , Métay Estelle , Lemaire Marc
Published: July 2018

Dehydrogenative oxidation of vicinal alcohols catalyzed by a commercially 64 wt.% Ni/SiO2 catalyst leads to the formation of α‐hydroxyketone. This first step was developed without additional solvent according to two protocols: “under vacuum” or “with an olefin scavenger”. The synthesis of ketols was carried out with good conversions and selectivities. The recyclability of the supported nickel was also studied. Acyloin was then cleaved with oxidative reagent “formic acid/hydrogen peroxide”, which is cheap and can be used on a large scale for industrial oxidation processes. The global yield of this sequential system was up to 80 % to pelargonic acid and azelaic acid monomethyl ester without intermediate purification. By treating the acyloin intermediate with hydroxylamine, nitriles were obtained with a good selectivity.
On the security and improvement of privacy‐preserving 3‐factor authentication scheme for TMIS
Authors: Wei Jianghong , Liu Wenfen , Hu Xuexian
Published: July 2018

The telecare medicine information system (TMIS) enables patients from different regions to remotely share the same telecare services, which significantly enhances the quality and effectiveness of medical treatment. On the other hand, patients' electronic health records usually involve their privacy information, they thus hesitate to directly transmit these information in TMIS over the public network due to the threat of privacy disclosure. The authenticated key agreement, as a core building of securing communications over the public network, is considered to be necessary for strengthening the security of TMIS. Recently, we note Zhang et al introduced a 3‐factor authenticated key agreement scheme for TMIS and asserted that the proposed scheme can resist various well‐known attacks. Unfortunately, in this paper, we point out that the scheme of Zhang et al cannot achieve the claimed security guarantees. Specifically, their scheme is vulnerable to offline password/identity guessing attack and user/server impersonation attack. To conquer the above security pitfalls, we put forward a new 3‐factor authenticated key agreement scheme with privacy preservation for TMIS. The security evaluation and performance discussion indicate that our scheme can be free from those well‐known and classical attacks including offline guessing attack and impersonation attack, without increasing additional computation cost when compared with related works. Consequently, the new authentication scheme would be more desirable for securing communications in TMIS.
Multimode precoding for crosstalk mitigation in ultra‐broadband DSL systems
Authors: Ng Yin Hoe , Chuah Teong Chee , Zainal Abidin Ahmadun Nijar , Hashim Nabihah , Asrokin Azhari
Published: July 2018

The achievable downstream bit‐rate performance of digital subscriber line (DSL) channels using low‐complexity linear precoders is suboptimal when the row‐wise diagonally dominant property of the channel matrix does not hold at high frequencies anticipated to be exploited in future‐generation DSL systems, while the optimal nonlinear precoder is computationally demanding. In this paper, we propose two multimode precoders, which are operable in four modes on each tone. Specifically, the proposed precoding strategies exploit the insertion loss and crosstalk information inferred from the channel matrix to execute mode selection for all the transmission tones. The computational complexity of the proposed multimode precoders is derived and compared with existing precoders. Simulation results show that the proposed precoders can achieve near‐optimal performance at a lower computational complexity.
Successful use of electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with anorexia nervosa and severe acute‐onset obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Sağlam Tarık , Aksoy Poyraz Cana , Poyraz Burç Ç. , Tosun Musa
Published: July 2018

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex condition that is often accompanied by several serious comorbidities that may require a variety of treatment modalities throughout the course of the illness. Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), which is common in patients with AN, may occasionally cause serious interruptions to the daily functioning of the patient. We report on a 24‐year‐old male patient with chronic AN. During the beginning of his illness, he had a major depressive episode that was followed by AN onset. Throughout his illness, he also experienced chronic moderate depressive symptoms and later developed severe OCD. He experienced complete remission from the OCD and an improved mood after undergoing a course of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). His OCD symptoms did not recur during the first year of follow‐up. ECT may prove to be a fast and effective treatment strategy for severe and disabling acute‐onset OCD that occurs during the course of comorbid AN. The case described herein shows how a comorbid psychiatric disorder in a patient suffering from chronic AN may disrupt the daily functioning of the patient if it is not urgently treated.
Blimp‐1 induces and Hobit maintains the cytotoxic mediator granzyme B in CD8 T cells
Authors: Kragten Natasja A.M. , Behr Felix M. , Vieira Braga Felipe A. , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , Wesselink Thomas H. , Oja Anna E. , Hombrink Pleun , Kallies Axel , van Lier Rene A.W. , Stark Regina , van Gisbergen Klaas P.J.M.
Published: July 2018

CD8 T cells acquire cytotoxic molecules including granzyme B during effector differentiation. Both tissue‐resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm) and circulating CD45RA+ effector‐type T cells (Temra) cells have the ability to retain granzyme B protein expression into the memory phase, but it is unclear how this persistence of cytolytic activity is regulated during steady state. Previously, we have described that the transcriptional regulators Hobit and Blimp‐1 have overlapping target genes that include granzyme B, but their impact on the regulation of cytotoxicity in Trm and Temra cells during homeostasis has remained unclear. We examined the expression regulation of Hobit and Blimp‐1 in murine and human CD8 T‐cells to determine their timeframe of activity. While Blimp‐1 mRNA was expressed throughout effector and memory T cells, Blimp‐1 protein, was only transiently expressed during the effector stage. In contrast, Hobit mRNA and protein expression was stably maintained during quiescence, but downregulated after activation. Notably, Blimp‐1 was required for expression of granzyme B in murine effector T cells and Trm, while Hobit specifically regulated granzyme B in murine Trm during the memory phase. These findings suggest that Blimp‐1 initiates cytotoxic effector function and that Hobit maintains cytotoxicity in a deployment‐ready modus in Trm.
X‐ray Nano Computed Tomography of Electrospun Fibrous Mats as Flow Battery Electrodes
Authors: Jervis Rhodri , Kok Matt D. R. , Montagut Julian , Gostick Jeff T. , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R.
Published: July 2018

Many electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices employ porous media as electrodes, gas diffusion layers or separators. Recently, electrospinning has received significant attention as a way to generate nano‐fibers of polymers with controlled morphology and properties that, once carbonised, can act as conductive and porous media for electrochemical energy devices. The recent advances in X‐ray computed tomography have led the technique to be widely used in the characterisation of energy technologies and porous media as it offers a uniquely non‐destructive insight into the 3D microstructure of materials. Here we present electrospun fibrous mats with uncontrolled, controlled and aligned morphology for use as redox flow battery electrodes and, for the first time, obtain ultra‐high resolution nano‐tomographic X‐ray imaging of the materials using a lab source. The virtual 3D volumes enable extraction of parameters that would not be possible via other characterisation routes.
VIX term structure and VIX futures pricing with realized volatility
Authors: Huang Zhuo , Tong Chen , Wang Tianyi
Published: July 2018

Using an extended LHARG model proposed by Majewski et al. (2015, J Econ, 187, 521–531), we derive the closed‐form pricing formulas for both the Chicago Board Options Exchange VIX term structure and VIX futures with different maturities. Our empirical results suggest that the quarterly and yearly components of lagged realized volatility should be added into the model to capture the long‐term volatility dynamics. By using the realized volatility based on high‐frequency data, the proposed model provides superior pricing performance compared with the classic Heston–Nandi GARCH model under a variance‐dependent pricing kernel, both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. The improvement is more pronounced during high volatility periods.
Multivariate constrained robust M‐regression for shaping forward curves in electricity markets
Authors: Leoni Peter , Segaert Pieter , Serneels Sven , Verdonck Tim
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a multivariate constrained robust M‐regression method is developed to estimate shaping coefficients for electricity forward prices. An important benefit of the new method is that model arbitrage can be ruled out at an elementary level, as all shaping coefficients are treated simultaneously. Moreover, the new method is robust to outliers, such that the provided results are stable and not sensitive to isolated sparks or dips in the market. An efficient algorithm is presented to estimate all shaping coefficients at a low computational cost. To illustrate its good performance, the method is applied to German electricity prices.
Resting‐state functional connectivity of subcortical locomotor centers explains variance in walking capacity
Authors: Boyne Pierce , Maloney Thomas , DiFrancesco Mark , Fox Michael D. , Awosika Oluwole , Aggarwal Pushkar , Woeste Jennifer , Jaroch Laurel , Braswell Daniel , Vannest Jennifer
Published: July 2018

Walking capacity influences the quality of life and disability in normal aging and neurological disease, but the neural correlates remain unclear and subcortical locomotor regions identified in animals have been more challenging to assess in humans. Here we test whether resting‐state functional MRI connectivity (rsFC) of midbrain and cerebellar locomotor regions (MLR and CLR) is associated with walking capacity among healthy adults. Using phenotypic and MRI data from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample (n =119, age 18–85), the association between walking capacity (6‐min walk test distance) and rsFC was calculated from subcortical locomotor regions to 81 other gait‐related regions of interest across the brain. Additional analyses assessed the independence and specificity of the results. Walking capacity was associated with higher rsFC between the MLR and superior frontal gyrus adjacent to the anterior cingulate cortex, higher rsFC between the MLR and paravermal cerebellum, and lower rsFC between the CLR and primary motor cortex foot area. These rsFC correlates were more strongly associated with walking capacity than phenotypic variables such as age, and together explained 25% of the variance in walking capacity. Results were specific to locomotor regions compared with the other brain regions. The rsFC of locomotor centers correlates with walking capacity among healthy adults. These locomotion‐related biomarkers may prove useful in future work aimed at helping patients with reduced walking capacity.
Identification of lymphatic channels in the tracheoesophageal groove during central neck dissection for thyroid cancer
Authors: Hong Yong Tae , Hong Ki Hwan
Published: July 2018

Background

Chyle leakage after central neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare condition. We investigated chyle leakage in patients with thyroidectomy and central neck dissection.

Methods

We experienced 3 cases of chyle leakage. The patterns of lymphatic drainage from the central neck to the lateral neck (supraclavicular fossa) were reviewed. The amount and duration of chyle leakage were measured in patients with postoperative chyle leakages.

Results

The lymphatic channels were found in 2 cases during central neck dissection on the tracheoesophageal groove. One case did not show chyle leakage and ducts during surgery but showed chyle leakage after surgery.

Conclusion

Chyle leakage can occur after thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. There have been no reports on identification of lymphatic channels during central neck dissection. This finding will aid in the recognition and treatment of this uncommon complication during or after central neck dissection in patients with thyroid cancer.
Radiotherapy for extranodal classic Hodgkin lymphoma of the maxillary sinus: Case report and literature review
Authors: Mokhtech Meriem , Mercado Catherine E. , Lynch James W. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Mendenhall William M.
Published: July 2018

Background

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system that commonly presents with cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Primary extranodal disease of the head and neck is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. In this case report, we describe the presentation, treatment, and clinical outcome of a patient who presented with extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma of the maxillary sinus.

Methods

We report a case of extranodal classic Hodgkin lymphoma of the maxillary sinus treated with 2 cycles of chemotherapy and consolidative radiotherapy (RT). We also reviewed the literature.

Results

The patient tolerated treatment without complications and has experienced no evidence of recurrence 2 years after treatment.

Conclusion

This is one of the few reports of extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma of the maxillary sinus. To our knowledge, this report represents the longest follow‐up of any patient with this presentation.