bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 is required for fibrous tissue expansion
Authors: Taylor Susan H , Yeung Ching-Yan Chloé , Kalson Nicholas S , Lu Yinhui , Zigrino Paola , Starborg Tobias , Warwood Stacey , Holmes David F , Canty-Laird Elizabeth G , Mauch Cornelia , Kadler Karl E
Published: September 2015

Type I collagen-containing fibrils are major structural components of the extracellular matrix of vertebrate tissues, especially tendon, but how they are formed is not fully understood. MMP14 is a potent pericellular collagenase that can cleave type I collagen in vitro. In this study, we show that tendon development is arrested in Scleraxis-Cre::Mmp14 lox/lox mice that are unable to release collagen fibrils from plasma membrane fibripositors. In contrast to its role in collagen turnover in adult tissue, MMP14 promotes embryonic tissue formation by releasing collagen fibrils from the cell surface. Notably, the tendons grow to normal size and collagen fibril release from fibripositors occurs in Col-r/r mice that have a mutated collagen-I that is uncleavable by MMPs. Furthermore, fibronectin (not collagen-I) accumulates in the tendons of Mmp14-null mice. We propose a model for cell-regulated collagen fibril assembly during tendon development in which MMP14 cleaves a molecular bridge tethering collagen fibrils to the plasma membrane of fibripositors.
Control of tree water networks: A geometric programming approach
Authors: Sela Perelman L. , Amin S.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a modeling and operation approach for tree water supply systems. The network control problem is approximated as a geometric programming (GP) problem. The original nonlinear nonconvex network control problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem. The optimization model can be efficiently solved to optimality using state‐of‐the‐art solvers. Two control schemes are presented: (1) operation of network actuators (pumps and valves) and (2) controlled demand shedding allocation between network consumers with limited resources. The dual of the network control problem is formulated and is used to perform sensitivity analysis with respect to hydraulic constraints. The approach is demonstrated on a small branched‐topology network and later extended to a medium‐size irrigation network. The results demonstrate an intrinsic trade‐off between energy costs and demand shedding policy, providing an efficient decision support tool for active management of water systems.
Regime transition of ion Bernstein instability driven by ion shell velocity distributions
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Liu Kaijun
Published: September 2015

Linear kinetic dispersion theory is used to investigate a regime transition of the ion Bernstein instability driven by a proton velocity distribution with positive slopes with respect to the perpendicular velocity, ∂fp(v∥∼0,v⊥)/∂v⊥>0. The unstable waves arising from this instability are ion Bernstein waves with proton cyclotron harmonic dispersion. However, in the inner magnetosphere, particularly inside of the plasmapause where plasmas are dominated by a cold background, the instability leads to ion Bernstein waves which approximately follow the cold plasma dispersion relation for fast magnetosonic waves and are, therefore, fast magnetosonic‐like. Subsequently, the relevant waves have been termed fast magnetosonic waves and many studies have assumed the cold plasma dispersion relation to describe them. On the other hand, how the dispersion properties of ion Bernstein waves become fast magnetosonic‐like has not yet been well understood. To examine this regime transition of the instability, we perform linear dispersion analyses using a two‐component proton model of fp(v) = fM(v) + fs(v), where fM is a Maxwellian velocity distribution and fs is an isotropic shell velocity distribution. The results show that the unstable waves are essentially ion Bernstein waves; however, when the shell proton concentration becomes sufficiently small (less than 10), the unstable waves approach the cold plasma dispersion relation for fast magnetosonic waves and become fast magnetosonic‐like. Although a reduced proton‐to‐electron mass ratio of 100 has been used for convenience, which reduces the number of unstable modes involved by lowering the lower hybrid frequency, this does not change the overall regime transition picture revealed in this study.
Eddy‐topography interactions and the fate of the Persian Gulf Outflow
Authors: Vic C. , Roullet G. , Capet X. , Carton X. , Molemaker M. J. , Gula J.
Published: September 2015

The Persian Gulf feeds a warm and salty outflow in the Gulf of Oman (northern Arabian Sea). The salt climatological distribution is relatively smooth in the Gulf of Oman, and the signature of a slope current carrying salty waters is difficult to distinguish hundreds of kilometers past the Strait of Hormuz, in contrast to other outflows of the world ocean. This study focuses on the mechanisms involved in the spreading of Persian Gulf Water (PGW) in the Gulf of Oman, using a regional primitive equation numerical simulation. The authors show that the dispersion of PGW occurs through a regime that is distinct from, for example, the one responsible for the Mediterranean outflow dispersion. The background mesoscale eddy field is energetic and participates actively to the spreading of PGW. Remotely formed eddies propagate into the Gulf of Oman and interact with the topography, leading to submesoscales formation and PGW shedding. Eddy‐topography interactions are isolated in idealized simulations and reveal the formation of intense frictional boundary layers, generating submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs). Interactions take place at depths encompassing the PGW depth, thus SCVs trap PGW and contribute to its redistribution from the boundaries to the interior of the Gulf of Oman. The overall efficiency of these processes is confirmed by a strong contribution of eddy salt fluxes in the interior of the basin, and is quantified using particle statistics. It is found to be a highly dispersive regime, with an approximated eddy diffusivity of
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The impact of geoengineering on vegetation in experiment G1 of the GeoMIP
Authors: Glienke Susanne , Irvine Peter J. , Lawrence Mark G.
Published: September 2015

Solar Radiation Management (SRM) has been proposed as a mean to partly counteract global warming. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has simulated the climate consequences of a number of SRM techniques. Thus far, the effects on vegetation have not yet been thoroughly analyzed. Here the vegetation response to the idealized GeoMIP G1 experiment from eight fully coupled Earth system models (ESMs) is analyzed, in which a reduction of the solar constant counterbalances the radiative effects of quadrupled atmospheric CO2 concentrations (abrupt4 × CO2). For most models and regions, changes in net primary productivity (NPP) are dominated by the increase in CO2, via the CO2 fertilization effect. As SRM will reduce temperatures relative to abrupt4 × CO2, in high latitudes this will offset increases in NPP. In low latitudes, this cooling relative to the abrupt4 × CO2 simulation decreases plant respiration while having little effect on gross primary productivity, thus increasing NPP. In Central America and the Mediterranean, generally dry regions which are expected to experience increased water stress with global warming, NPP is highest in the G1 experiment for all models due to the easing of water limitations from increased water use efficiency at high‐CO2 concentrations and the reduced evaporative demand in a geoengineered climate. The largest differences in the vegetation response are between models with and without a nitrogen cycle, with a much smaller CO2 fertilization effect for the former. These results suggest that until key vegetation processes are integrated into ESM predictions, the vegetation response to SRM will remain highly uncertain.
Modeling NAPL dissolution from pendular rings in idealized porous media
Authors: Huang Junqi , Christ John A. , Goltz Mark N. , Demond Avery H.
Published: September 2015

The dissolution rate of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) often governs the remediation time frame at subsurface hazardous waste sites. Most formulations for estimating this rate are empirical and assume that the NAPL is the nonwetting fluid. However, field evidence suggests that some waste sites might be organic wet. Thus, formulations that assume the NAPL is nonwetting may be inappropriate for estimating the rates of NAPL dissolution. An exact solution to the Young‐Laplace equation, assuming NAPL resides as pendular rings around the contact points of porous media idealized as spherical particles in a hexagonal close packing arrangement, is presented in this work to provide a theoretical prediction for NAPL‐water interfacial area. This analytic expression for interfacial area is then coupled with an exact solution to the advection‐diffusion equation in a capillary tube assuming Hagen‐Poiseuille flow to provide a theoretical means of calculating the mass transfer rate coefficient for dissolution at the NAPL‐water interface in an organic‐wet system. A comparison of the predictions from this theoretical model with predictions from empirically derived formulations from the literature for water‐wet systems showed a consistent range of values for the mass transfer rate coefficient, despite the significant differences in model foundations (water wetting versus NAPL wetting, theoretical versus empirical). This finding implies that, under these system conditions, the important parameter is interfacial area, with a lesser role played by NAPL configuration.
Chronic enzyme replacement therapy ameliorates neuropathology in alpha‐mannosidosis mice
Authors: Damme Markus , Stroobants Stijn , Lüdemann Meike , Rothaug Michelle , Lüllmann‐Rauch Renate , Beck Hans Christian , Ericsson Annika , Andersson Claes , Fogh Jens , D'Hooge Rudi , Saftig Paul , Blanz Judith
Published: September 2015

Objective

The lysosomal storage disease alpha‐mannosidosis is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal acid hydrolase alpha‐mannosidase (LAMAN) leading to lysosomal accumulation of neutral mannose‐linked oligosaccharides throughout the body, including the brain. Clinical findings in alpha‐mannosidosis include skeletal malformations, intellectual disabilities and hearing impairment. To date, no curative treatment is available. We previously developed a beneficial enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) regimen for alpha‐mannosidase knockout mice, a valid mouse model for the human disease. However, humoral immune responses against the injected recombinant human alpha‐mannosidase (rhLAMAN) precluded long‐term studies and chronic treatment.

Methods

Here, we describe the generation of an immune‐tolerant alpha‐mannosidosis mouse model that allowed chronic injection of rhLAMAN by transgenic expression of a catalytically inactive variant of human LAMAN in the knockout background.

Results

Chronic ERT of rhLAMAN revealed pronounced effects on primary substrate storage throughout the brain, normalization of lysosomal enzyme activities and morphology as well as a decrease in microglia activation. The positive effect of long‐term ERT on neuronal lysosomal function was reflected by an improvement of cognitive deficits and exploratory activity. in vivo and in vitro uptake measurements indicate rapid clearance of rhLAMAN from circulation and a broad uptake into different cell types of the nervous system.

Interpretation

Our data contribute to the understanding of neurological disorders treatment by demonstrating that lysosomal enzymes such as rhLAMAN can penetrate into the brain and is able to ameliorate neuropathology.
Near‐Infrared‐Sensitive Materials Based on Upconverting Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Si , Butt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: September 2015

The near‐infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum is called the “therapeutic window” because NIR light can penetrate deeply into tissue. Therefore, NIR‐sensitive materials are attractive for biomedical applications. Recently, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were used to construct NIR‐sensitive materials. UCNPs convert NIR light to UV or visible light, which can trigger photoreactions of photosensitive materials. Here, how to use UCNPs to construct NIR‐sensitive materials is introduced, applications of NIR‐sensitive materials with a focus on biomedical applications are highlighted, and the associated challenges are discussed.
Diselenophosphate‐Induced Conversion of an Achiral [Cu20H11{S2P(OiPr)2}9] into a Chiral [Cu20H11{Se2P(OiPr)2}9] Polyhydrido Nanocluster
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , Liao Jian‐Hong , Wang Xiaoping , Liu Yu‐Chiao , Chiang Ming‐His , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: September 2015

A polyhydrido copper nanocluster, [Cu20H11{Se2P(OiPr)2}9] (2H), which exhibits an intrinsically chiral inorganic core of C3 symmetry, was synthesized from achiral [Cu20H11{S2P(OiPr)2}9] (1H) of C3h symmetry by a ligand‐exchange method. The structure has a distorted cuboctahedral Cu13 core, two triangular faces of which are capped along the C3 axis, one by a Cu6 cupola and the other by a single Cu atom. The Cu20 framework is further stabilized by 9 diselenophosphate and 11 hydride ligands. The number of hydride, phosphorus, and selenium resonances and their splitting patterns in multinuclear NMR spectra of 2H indicate that the chiral Cu20H11 core retains its C3 symmetry in solution. The 11 hydride ligands were located by neutron diffraction experiments and shown to be capping μ3‐H and interstitial μ5‐H ligands (in square‐pyramidal and trigonal‐bipyramidal cavities), as supported by DFT calculations on [Cu20H11(Se2PH2)9] (2H′) as a simplified model.
Syntheses and Structures of F6XeNCCH3 and F6Xe(NCCH3)2
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Haner Jamie , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J.
Published: September 2015

Acetonitrile and the potent oxidative fluorinating agent XeF6 react at −40 °C in Freon‐114 to form the highly energetic, shock‐sensitive compounds F6XeNCCH3 (1) and F6Xe(NCCH3)2⋅CH3CN (2⋅CH3CN). Their low‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray structures show that the adducted XeF6 molecules of these compounds are the most isolated XeF6 moieties thus far encountered in the solid state and also provide the first examples of XeVIN bonds. The geometry of the XeF6 moiety in 1 is nearly identical to the calculated distorted octahedral (C3v) geometry of gas‐phase XeF6. The C2v geometry of the XeF6 moiety in 2 resembles the transition state proposed to account for the fluxionality of gas‐phase XeF6. The energy‐minimized gas‐phase geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated for 1 and 2, and their respective binding energies with CH3CN were determined. The Raman spectra of 1 and 2⋅CH3CN were assigned by comparison with their calculated vibrational frequencies and intensities.
Cyanoalkylation: Alkylnitriles in Catalytic CC Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: López Rosa , Palomo Claudio
Published: September 2015

Alkylnitriles are one of the most ubiquitous nitrogen‐containing chemicals and are widely employed in reactions which result in nitrile‐group conversion into other functionalities. Nevertheless, their use as carbon pronucleophiles in carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions has been hampered by difficulties associated mainly with the catalytic generation of active species, that is, α‐cyano carbanions or metalated nitriles. Recent investigations have addressed this challenge and have resulted in different modes of alkylnitrile activation. This review illustrates these findings, which have set the foundation for the development of practical and conceptually new catalytic, direct cyanoalkylation methodologies.
Electrochemical Measurements of Optogenetically Stimulated Quantal Amine Release from Single Nerve Cell Varicosities in Drosophila Larvae
Authors: Majdi Soodabeh , Berglund E. Carina , Dunevall Johan , Oleinick Alexander I. , Amatore Christian , Krantz David E. , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: September 2015

The nerve terminals found in the body wall of Drosophila melanogaster larvae are readily accessible to experimental manipulation. We used the light‐activated ion channel, channelrhodopsin‐2, which is expressed by genetic manipulation in Type II varicosities to study octopamine release in Drosophila. We report the development of a method to measure neurotransmitter release from exocytosis events at individual varicosities in the Drosophila larval system by amperometry. A microelectrode was placed in a region of the muscle containing a varicosity and held at a potential sufficient to oxidize octopamine and the terminal stimulated by blue light. Optical stimulation of Type II boutons evokes exocytosis of octopamine, which is detected through oxidization at the electrode surface. We observe 22700±4200 molecules of octopamine released per vesicle. This system provides a genetically accessible platform to study the regulation of amine release at an intact synapse.
Properties characterisation of polycarbonate and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composites prepared by solution technique
Authors: Thaithae Wachirawut , Antonio Christian , Wattanachai Piyachat
Published: September 2015

Polycarbonate (PC) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) composites were prepared by solution method where 0–20% w/w MWNTs were added into two types of PC solutions, i.e. a low and a high molecular weight solution. The composites were processed into plastic sheets using a compression moulding technique in order to study their mechanical, electrical, physical, and rheological properties. The results showed that addition of MWNTs at 1% w/w enhanced the tensile strength and modulus by up to 23 and 75%, respectively, and reduced their electrical resistivity significantly from being an insulator (1 × 1016 − 1 × 1017 Ω‐cm) to a semi‐conductor (8 × 108 Ω‐cm), indicating a percolation threshold. A slight improvement in the mechanical properties was observed at up to 4% w/w MWNTs; however, the volume resistivity remained unchanged. As the amount of MWNTs increased >4% w/w, the mechanical properties drastically deteriorated because of the MWNTs agglomerating and segregating onto the surfaces. The segregation of the agglomerates was also supported by the surface resistivity and shear viscosity results, which decreased as MWNTs increased. MWNTs were found to interact better with the low molecular weight PC matrix and produced more homogeneous composites. The studies of composite colour and MWNTs dispersion confirmed the findings of both mechanical and electrical properties. This research demonstrates the possibility of preparation of PC and MWNTs composites at high MWNTs concentrations, which can be very useful for a master batch process. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How the TRPA1 receptor transmits painful stimuli: Inner workings revealed by electron cryomicroscopy
Authors: Brewster Monique S. J. , Gaudet Rachelle
Published: September 2015

A new high‐resolution structure of a pain‐sensing ion channel, TRPA1, provides a molecular scaffold to understand channel function. Unexpected structural features include a TRP‐domain helix similar to TRPV1, a novel ligand‐binding site, and an unusual C‐terminal coiled coil stabilized by inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). TRP‐domain helices, which structurally act as a nexus for communication between the channel gates and its other domains, may thus be a feature conserved across the entire TRP family and, possibly, other allosterically‐gated channels. Similarly, the TRPA1 antagonist‐binding site could also represent a druggable location in other ion channels. Combined with known TRPA1 functional properties, the structural role for IP6 leads us to propose that polyphosphate unbinding could act as a molecular kill switch for TRPA1 inactivation. Finally, although packing of the TRPA1 membrane‐proximal region hints at a mechanism for electrophile sensing, the details of how TRPA1 responds to noxious reactive electrophiles and temperature await future studies.

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A Fast and Efficient UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS Method for Detection, Identification, and Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Substances in Medicinal Herbal Extracts of Preventing Hair Loss
Authors: Lee Myoung Hee , Shon Young‐Seok , Yoon Kyung‐Sup
Published: September 2015

A rapid, sensitive, and selective method involving ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the constituents in a medicinal herbal complex extract (MHCE). The MHCE was obtained from 23 herbs traditionally used in oriental medicines that we have been developed as new therapeutic materials to prevent hair loss and enhance hair growth. The chromatographic analysis of the samples of MHCE was performed on a reversed‐phase C18 (10 cm × 2.1 mm, flow rate 0.3 mL/min) column with gradient elution using acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid. Mass spectrometry was performed in the positive ESI mode. The bioactive compounds were detected by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. All calibration curves of reference compounds showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9964) in the test ranges. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the method were 0.02 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively.
Delineation of somatosensory finger areas using vibrotactile stimulation, an ECoG study
Authors: Wahnoun Rémy , Benson Michelle , Helms‐Tillery Stephen , Adelson P. David
Published: September 2015

Background

In surgical planning for epileptic focus resection, functional mapping of eloquent cortex is attained through direct electrical stimulation of the brain. This procedure is uncomfortable, can trigger seizures or nausea, and relies on subjective evaluation. We hypothesize that a method combining vibrotactile stimulation and statistical clustering may provide improved somatosensory mapping.

Methods

Seven pediatric candidates for surgical resection underwent a task in which their fingers were independently stimulated using a custom designed finger pad, during electrocorticographic monitoring. A cluster‐based statistical analysis was then performed to localize the elicited activity on the recording grids.

Results

Mid‐Gamma clusters (65–115 Hz) arose in areas consistent with anatomical predictions as well as clinical findings, with five subjects presenting a somatotopic organization of the fingers. This process allowed us to delineate finger representation even in patients who were sleeping, with strong interictal activity, or when electrical stimulation did not successfully locate eloquent areas.

Conclusions

We suggest that this scheme, relying on the endogenous neural response rather than exogenous electrical activation, could eventually be extended to map other sensory areas and provide a faster and more objective map to better anticipate outcomes of surgical resection.
Using Small Molecules to Dissect Non‐apoptotic Programmed Cell Death: Necroptosis, Ferroptosis, and Pyroptosis
Authors: Dong Ting , Liao Daohong , Liu Xiaohui , Lei Xiaoguang
Published: September 2015

Genetically programmed cell death is a universal and fundamental cellular process in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis and necroptosis, two common forms of programmed cell death, play vital roles in maintenance of homeostasis in metazoans. Dysfunction of the regulatory machinery of these processes can lead to carcinogenesis or autoimmune diseases. Inappropriate death of essential cells can lead to organ dysfunction or even death; ischemia–reperfusion injury and neurodegenerative disorders are examples of this. Recently, novel forms of non‐apoptotic programmed cell death have been identified. Although these forms of cell death play significant roles in both physiological and pathological conditions, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying them are still poorly understood. Here, we discuss progress in using small molecules to dissect three forms of non‐apoptotic programmed cell death: necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.
The use of the AVERT system to limit contrast volume administration during peripheral angiography and intervention
Authors: Prasad Anand , Ortiz‐Lopez Carolina , Kaye David M. , Byrne Melissa , Nanayakkara Shane , Ahmed S. Hinan , Bailey Steven R. , Mehran Roxana , Sethi Salil , Banerjee Avantika , Eng Marvin
Published: September 2015

Background

The AVERTTM Contrast Modulation System (AVERT) (Osprey Medical, MN) is designed to reduce contrast volume administration during angiography. The AVERT provides an adjustable resistance circuit which decreases the pressure head delivering contrast towards the patient. The AVERT has not been previously studied in patients undergoing peripheral digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate contrast savings with the AVERT and (2) to evaluate the ability to generate clinically acceptable DSA images in the process. To better define the mechanism of action in the peripheral circulation, we also developed a bench model to study the effects of the AVERT on the hydrodynamics of contrast delivery.

Methods

Patients undergoing lower extremity DSA (diagnostic or intervention, sheath or catheter) were studied. The following variables were recorded for each injection: starting control syringe contrast volume, contrast volume injected towards patient, contrast volume returned to AVERT reservoir, net contrast administered to the patient and % savings. The AVERT resistance was adjusted manually based on operator's discretion—balancing image quality and contrast savings.

Results

About 408 DSA angiographic sequences were obtained in 22 patients undergoing 29 procedures. Almost 68% of the patients had chronic kidney disease. An 82% presented with critical limb ischemia, 18% had claudication. There was an overall 37% ± 14% savings of contrast (31% for diagnostic DSA, 40% for interventional procedures). Overall 91% of all images were acceptable for clinical decision making. Specifically, 94% of diagnostic and 87% of interventional images were acceptable. Injection through a 4 Fr catheter (77% acceptable) resulted in poorer image quality as compared to a 5 Fr catheter (96% acceptable). Image quality for 5, 6, and 7 Fr sheath injections was 86%, 91%, 98%, respectively. The bench model of peripheral angiography demonstrated a significant reduction in reflux of contrast proximal to the end of the catheter without loss of antegrade image quality – confirming the in vivo findings.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that the use of the AVERT device during peripheral angiography results in significant contrast savings without compromising image quality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful balloon dilatation of both orifices in a case of double‐orifice mitral valve with severe rheumatic stenosis
Authors: Nath Ranjit Kumar , Soni Dheeraj Kumar
Published: September 2015

A 24‐year‐old female patient presented to us with progressive dyspnea on exertion for last three year. She was not a known case of rheumatic heart disease. Her physical examination showed regular pulse and her blood pressure was 100/76 mm Hg. Cardiac palpation showed grade 3 parasternal heave and auscultation revelled an accentuated first heart sound, loud P2 and mid‐diastolic long rumbling murmur at apex and pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation at lower left sterna border. Chest X‐ray showed evidence of grade 3 pulmonary venous congestion. Transthoracic and transesophageal two‐dimensional echocardiography revealed a double‐orifice mitral valve of complete bridge type at the leaflet level. Both orifice sizes were unequal, with the anterolateral orifice being smaller than its counterpart. There was moderate subvalvular fusion and both commisures were fused. Color doppler examination showed two separate mitral diastolic flows with mean gradients of 22 mm and 20 mm of Hg, respectively. There was no mitral regurgitation and no left atrial or appendage clot was seen by transesophageal echocardiography. Transseptal puncture was done by the modified fluoroscopic method. Posteromedial orifice was crossed with a 24 mm Inoue balloon and dilated using the stepwise dilation technique. Anterolateral orifice was not crossed by Inuoe balloon after multiple attempts. A TYSHAK (NuMAD Canada Inc.) balloon (16 × 40mm) was taken over the wire and inflated successfully across the anterolateral orifice with the help of transthoracic echocardiography guidance. Mean gradient become 9 and 8 mm across the medial and lateral orifice. Patient was discharged in stable condition after two day. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
General Route to Cyclobutadiene Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Perekalin Dmitry S. , Shvydkiy Nikita V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Kudinov Alexander R.
Published: September 2015

Cyclobutadiene rhodium complexes bear high potential for applications in organometallic synthesis and catalysis. We have found that the cyclobutadiene complexes with substitutionally labile p‐xylene ligands [(C4R4)Rh(p‐xylene)]+ can be synthesized in one step from the commercially available bis(ethylene) complex [{(C2H4)2RhCl}2], p‐xylene, and internal alkynes. The replacement of p‐xylene by various ligands provides a general access to other [(C4R4)Rh] compounds, such as [(C4R4)RhCl]x, [(C4R4)RhL3]+, [(C4R4)Rh(C5H5)], and [(C4R4)Rh(arene)]+. Complex [(C4Et4)Rh(p‐xylene)]+ also catalyzes an unusual cycloisomerization of a 1,11‐dien‐6‐yne into a bicyclic diene.
Dekker's mutual exclusion algorithm made RW‐safe
Authors: Buhr Peter A. , Dice David , Hesselink Wim H.
Published: September 2015

Dekker's algorithm was thought to be safe in an environment without atomic reads or writes where bits flicker or scramble during simultaneous operations. A counter‐example is presented showing Dekker's algorithm is unsafe without atomic read. A modification to the original algorithm is presented making it RW‐safe, allowing threaded systems to be built on low cost/power hardware without atomic read/write. Correctness is verified by means of invariants and UNITY logic. A performance comparison is made for several two‐thread software mutual‐exclusion algorithms to see if the RW‐safe Dekker is competitive. A subset of the two‐thread solutions are then compared in two N‐thread tournament algorithms. The performance results show that the additional checks in the RW‐safe Dekker do not disadvantage the algorithm in comparison with other two‐thread algorithms. The RW‐safe N‐thread tournament algorithms are competitive with the hardware‐assisted Mellor‐Crummey and Scott algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Resolution Limit of Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy: Modelling Fifth‐Order Signals with Overlapping Pulses
Authors: Fumero Giuseppe , Batignani Giovanni , Dorfman Konstantin E. , Mukamel Shaul , Scopigno Tullio
Published: September 2015

Femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) spectroscopy is a powerful pump–probe technique that can track electronic and vibrational dynamics with high spectral and temporal resolution. The investigation of extremely short‐lived species, however, implies deciphering complex signals and is ultimately hampered by unwanted nonlinear effects once the time resolution limit is approached and the pulses overlap temporally. Using the loop diagrams formalism we calculate the fifth‐order response of a model system and address the limiting case where the relevant dynamics timescale is comparable to the pump–pulse duration and, consequently, the pump and the probe overlap temporally. We find that in this regime, additional diagrams that do not contribute for temporally well separated pulses need to be taken into account, giving rise to new time‐dependent features, even in the absence of photoinduced dynamics and for negative delays.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia‐associated Sweet's syndrome mimicking an axillary abscess: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Gaopande Vandana L. , Joshi Sourabh S. , Joshi Avinash R.
Published: September 2015

A subcutaneous painful left axillary nodule was clinically diagnosed as abscess. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed smears full of mature neutrophils. Background was free of fibrinous necrotic material and degenerating and necrotic neutrophils, which is characteristic of abscess. No organisms were detectable on special staining, and culture was sterile. A cytological differential diagnosis of abscess or Sweet's syndrome (SS) was offered, and the latter was confirmed. SS, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, shows diffuse dermal neutrophilic infiltrate without vasculitis on biopsy. Our case is probably the first where SS was diagnosed on FNAB. SS is a differential diagnosis for painful skin nodules. FNAB smears of painful skin nodules that yield abundant neutrophils should be carefully evaluated for necrosis, fibrin and degenerated neutrophils. The absence of these in an appropriate clinical setting points towards a neutrophilic dermatosis like SS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:1007–1010. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the uterine cervix identified on a conventional cervical smear
Authors: Tajima Shogo , Koda Kenji
Published: September 2015

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) most frequently involve the uterus, particularly the uterine corpus and very occasionally the cervix. One case of PEComa identified using a conventional cervical smear has previously been documented. Herein, we present the second such case. The patient was a 51‐year‐old woman with abnormal genital tract bleeding. Samples collected for conventional cervical smears were submitted for cytopathological examination, which revealed discohesive monotonous tumor cells showing epithelioid morphology, ample cytoplasm that was pale to weakly eosinophilic, and mildly enlarged nuclei. The cytopathological features were well correlated with histopathological findings. Upon immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for both melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. Based on these findings, PEComa was diagnosed. Subsequently, a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed, revealing that the tumor (28 × 22 × 12 mm) was located at the superficial part of the endocervix. We propose that the cytopathological findings described herein can guide the diagnosis of PEComa, even though this tumor is rare. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:1011–1016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilateral Control of a Velocity Control System Using Electric and Hydraulic Actuators
Authors: Takahashi Daiki , Sakaino Sho , Tsuji Toshiaki , Kaneko Yasuyoshi
Published: September 2015

Working in extreme environments (e.g., at disaster sites) is dangerous for humans. Hence, it is important to use teleoperated robots in such extreme environments. Because heavy lifting work is involved, hydraulic actuators with high output are more commonly used than electric actuators. Therefore, it is necessary to operate remotely controlled robots driven by hydraulic actuators. Bilateral control is remote control with a sense of force. Because most bilateral control systems have been studied mainly using electric actuators, bilateral control using hydraulic actuators is still a challenge. In this study, we propose placing a bilateral controller between an electric actuator on the master side and a hydraulic actuator on the slave side using position and velocity. The controller exhibits the dynamics of bilateral control systems using position and velocity. In addition, the control performance of conventional methods and that of the proposed method are compared and experimentally verified.
Cooperative Control by System Voltage Control Equipments in Consideration of Reducing Capacity of STATCOM
Authors: Kawasaki Shoji , Kurokawa Naohiro , Taoka Hisao , Nakashima Yuya
Published: September 2015

In recent years, the number of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic generation systems and wind power generation systems connected to the grid has been increasing as a way of reducing negative effects on the environment. The outputs of these RESs vary rapidly because of the influence of the weather and the conditions of the location. Therefore, there are concerns that the point voltages in a distribution system may vary drastically and that the voltages may deviate from the appropriate voltage range as a result of the influence of the RES connected to the distribution system or to the diversification of loads. Furthermore, there are concerns about adverse effects on electric power quality, such as voltage imbalances and harmonics. In this paper, we propose a cooperative voltage control method for a distribution system using system voltage control equipment in order to reduce the capacity of the static synchronous compensator. Numerical calculations were performed in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Single baseline serum creatinine measurements predict mortality in critically ill patients hospitalized for acute heart failure
Authors: Schefold Joerg C. , Lainscak Mitja , Hodoscek Lea Majc , Blöchlinger Stefan , Doehner Wolfram , von Haehling Stephan
Published: September 2015

Background

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a leading cause of death in critically ill patients and is often accompanied by significant renal dysfunction. Few data exist on the predictive value of measures of renal dysfunction in large cohorts of patients hospitalized for AHF.

Methods

Six hundred and eighteen patients hospitalized for AHF (300 male, aged 73.3 ± 10.3 years, 73% New York Heart Association Class 4, mean hospital length of stay 12.9 ± 7.7 days, 97% non‐ischaemic AHF) were included in a retrospective single‐centre data analysis. Echocardiographic data, serum creatinine/urea levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and clinical/laboratory markers were recorded. Mean follow‐up time was 2.9 ± 2.1 years. All‐cause mortality was recorded, and univariate/multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Normal renal function defined as eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2was noted in only 3% of AHF patients at baseline. A significant correlation of left ventricular ejection fraction with serum creatinine levels and eGFR (allP < 0.002) was noted. All‐cause mortality rates were 12% (90 days) and 40% (at 2 years), respectively. In a multivariate model, increased age, higher New York Heart Association class at admission, higher total cholesterol levels, and lower eGFR independently predicted death. Patients with baseline eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2had an exceptionally high risk of death (odds ratio 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.52–5.15,P = 0.001).

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients with mostly non‐ischaemic AHF, enhanced serum creatinine levels and reduced eGFR independently predict death. It appears that patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2have poorest survival rates. Our data add to mounting data indicating that impaired renal function is an important risk factor for non‐survival in patients hospitalized for AHF.
Substrate selectivity of Novozym 435 in the esterification of glycerol with an equimolar mixture of linoleic, conjugated linoleic, and pinolenic acids
Authors: Woo Hyunjoon , Kim Jiwon , Kim In‐Hwan , Choi Hee‐Don , Choi In‐Wook , Kim Byung Hee
Published: September 2015

The selectivity of Novozym 435, an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B toward linoleic (LA), conjugated linoleic (CLA), and pinolenic acids (PLA) was investigated in the esterification of glycerol with an equimolar (27.3 mol% each) mixture of the fatty acids (FAs) in a solvent‐free system to prepare triacylglycerols (TAGs) with anti‐obesity effects. The maximal TAG content of 98.9 wt% was achieved under the following conditions: temperature, 70°C; reaction time, 24 h; glycerol‐to‐FA mixture molar ratio, 1:3; enzyme loading, 10 wt% of total substrates; vacuum level, 0.4 kPa. During the initial phase of the reaction, Novozym 435 showed pronounced selectivity in the order of PLA > CLA > LA; however, no significant difference in the selectivity of Novozym 435 toward the three FAs was observed after the reaction plateaued. Novozym 435 showed the significant selectivity toward PLA over CLA and LA at the sn‐2 position of TAGs throughout the reaction. The resulting TAGs had the same total content (∼27 mol% each) of the three FAs. However, the LA, CLA, and PLA contents at the sn‐2 position were 27.7, 24.7, and 30.3 mol%, respectively, indicating that unlike LA, CLA, and PLA were unevenly distributed on the glycerol backbone of the TAGs.

Practical applications: CLA and PLA have received much attention because of their anti‐obesity effects. Structured TAGs containing both CLA and PLA not only maintain the health benefits of each but also may provide several advantages (e.g., enhanced oxidative stability, reduced incidence of off‐flavor) to both for food applications compared to the free FA forms. The selectivity of a lipase toward FAs used as substrates for the lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of structured TAGs affects the composition and positional distribution of FAs in the resulting structured TAGs. The present study reports a new finding about the selectivity of Novozym 435 toward LA, CLA, and PLA which are all C18‐unsaturated FAs, in the esterification of glycerol with the FAs to prepare structured TAGs containing both CLA and PLA.

Novozym 435‐catalyzed esterification of glycerol with an equimolar mixture of linoleic, conjugated linoleic, and pinolenic acids.
Hepatitis C treatment as prevention of viral transmission and liver‐related morbidity in persons who inject drugs
Authors: Cousien Anthony , Tran Viet Chi , Deuffic‐Burban Sylvie , Jauffret‐Roustide Marie , Dhersin Jean‐Stéphane , Yazdanpanah Yazdan
Published: September 2015

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence remains high in people who inject drug (PWID) populations, often above 60%. Highly effective direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) regimens (90% efficacy) are becoming available for HCV treatment. This therapeutic revolution raises the possibility of eliminating HCV from this population. However, for this, an effective cascade of care is required. In the context of the available DAA therapies, we used a dynamic individual‐based model including a model of the PWID social network to simulate the impact of improved testing, linkage to care, and adherence to treatment, and of modified treatment recommendation on the transmission and on the morbidity of HCV in PWID in France. Under the current incidence and cascade of care, with treatment initiated at fibrosis stage ≥F2, HCV prevalence decreased from 42.8% to 24.9% (95% confidence interval: 24.8‐24.9) after 10 years. Changing treatment initiation criteria to treat from F0 was the only intervention leading to a substantial additional decrease in prevalence, which fell to 11.6% (95% CI: 11.6‐11.7) at 10 years. Combining this change with improved testing, linkage to care, and adherence to treatment decreased HCV prevalence to 7.0% (95% CI: 7.0‐7.1) at 10 years and avoided 15% (95% CI: 14‐17) and 29% (95% CI: 28‐30) of cirrhosis complications over 10 and 40 years, respectively. Conclusions: Major decreases in prevalent HCV infections occur only when treatment is initiated at early stages of fibrosis, suggesting that systematic treatment in PWID, where incidence remains high, would be beneficial. However, elimination within the 10 next years will be difficult to achieve using treatment alone, even with a highly improved cascade of care. (Hepatology 2016;63:1090–1101)
Diversity Training Programme Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alhejji Hussain , Garavan Thomas , Carbery Ronan , O'Brien Fergal , McGuire David
Published: September 2015

This article analyzes the scholarship on diversity‐training outcomes utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) and provide insights for future research. The article advances our understanding of diversity‐training outcomes through the integration of three perspectives: the business case, learning, and social justice perspectives. The SLR revealed: (a) a literature that is fragmented and diverse in terms of publication outlets; (b) researchers conduct diversity‐training outcomes research in a diverse range or organizations, sectors, cultural and training contexts; (c) studies primarily reflect the business case or learning perspectives; and (d) existing studies have significant methodological limitations. We argue the need for future research to adopt multiple perspectives ensure better cross‐fertilization of perspectives and make use of more sophisticated methodologies.
Personality Traits and Career Satisfaction in Training and Development Occupations: Toward a Distinctive T&D Personality Profile
Authors: Sundstrom Eric D. , Lounsbury John W. , Gibson Lucy W. , Huang Jason L.
Published: September 2015

As careers in training and development (T&D) continue to evolve, almost no human resource development (HRD) research has investigated personality traits in today's T&D occupations, despite evidence linking personality with work success. Toward filling this lacuna, we identified four Big Five personality traits and four narrow traits with content matching T&D competencies. Based on person–career fit theory, we hypothesized that the trait profile would differentiate T&D from other occupations, and the traits would correlate with T&D career satisfaction. From 90,000+ individuals receiving private career transition services, we compared trait scores of 284 individuals in T&D occupations and the others via bootstrapping (5,000 random samples, n = 284, with the same age and gender distributions). The T&D personality profile was significantly elevated, with greatest differences on the narrow trait empathy, closely followed by assertiveness and customer service orientation plus optimism (small difference), and significant differences on Big Five traits extraversion, openness, and agreeableness (small difference), but no difference on emotional stability. T&D career satisfaction correlated significantly with five traits in the profile, most strongly with emotional stability and optimism. Also, emotional stability correlated more highly with career satisfaction for T&D than non‐T&D occupations. The distinctive T&D personality profile raises questions for further HRD research and carries practical value for training and development of T&D personnel.
Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Arruda Mariana , Coelho Maria Caroline Alves , Moraes Aline Barbosa , de Paula Paranhos-Neto Francisco , Madeira Miguel , Farias Maria Lucia Fleiuss , Neto Leonardo Vieira
Published: September 2015

The aim of this case study is to describe changes in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, as well as volumetric bone density and microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in two patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) and compare with 20 healthy subjects. We describe a 44-year-old male patient with six low-impact fractures since he was age 16 years, and a 32-year-old female patient with four low-impact fractures on her past history. Radiographic changes were typical of ADO. Consistent with the much higher aBMD, total volumetric BMD (average bone density of the whole bone, including trabecular and cortical compartments) at distal radius and tibia (HR-pQCT) was more than twice the mean values found in healthy subjects in both patients. Trabecular number and thickness were higher, leading to an evident increase in trabecular bone volume to tissue volume. Also, an enormous increase in cortical thickness was found. Most important, a great heterogeneity in bone microstructure of the affected patients was evident on HR-pQCT images: islets of very dense bone were interposed with areas with apparent normal density. The increase in aBMD, volumetric BMD, and most indices of trabecular and cortical bone, associated with the great heterogeneity on bone tridimensional microarchitecture, reflect the accumulation of old and fragile bone randomly distributed along the skeleton. These alterations in bone microstructure probably compromise bone quality, which might justify the high prevalence of low-impact fractures in patients with ADO, despite abnormally elevated BMD. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.