bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural networks empowered: a machine learning-enabled, Gyro mmID for enhanced virtual reality and motion tracking applications
Authors: Joshi Marvin , Lynch Charles A , Adeyeye Ajibayo , Soto-Valle Genaro , Tentzeris Manos M
Published: November 2024

With the emerging developments in millimeter-wave/5G technologies, the potential for wireless Internet of things devices to achieve widespread sensing, precise localization, and high data-rate communication systems becomes increasingly viable. The surge in interest surrounding virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies is attributed to the vast array of applications they enable, ranging from surgical training to motion capture and daily interactions in VR spaces. To further elevate the user experience, and real-time and accurate orientation detection of the user, the authors proposes the utilization of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system coupled with an ultra-low-power, sticker-like millimeter-wave identification (mmID). The mmID features four backscattering elements, multiplexed in amplitude, frequency, and spatial domains. This design utilizes the training of a supervised learning classification convolutional neural network, enabling accurate real-time three-axis orientation detection of the user. The proposed orientation detection system exhibits exceptional performance, achieving a noteworthy accuracy of 90.58% over three axes at a distance of 8 m. This high accuracy underscores the precision of the orientation detection system, particularly tailored for medium-range VR/AR applications. The integration of the FMCW-based mmID system with machine learning proves to be a promising advancement, contributing to the seamless and immersive interaction within virtual and augmented environments.
Space Weather Forecasts of Ground Level Space Weather in the UK: Evaluating Performance and Limitations
Authors: Smith A. W. , Rae I. J. , Forsyth C. , Coxon J. C. , Walach M.‐T. , Lao C. J. , Bloomfield D. S. , Reddy S. A. , Coughlan M. K. , Keesee A. , Bentley S.
Published: November 2024

Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) are a severe space weather hazard, driven through coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. GICs are rarely measured directly, instead the ground magnetic field variability is often used as a proxy. Recently space weather models have been developed to forecast whether the magnetic field variability (R) will exceed specific, extreme thresholds. We test an example machine learning‐based model developed for the northern United Kingdom. We evaluate its performance (discriminative skill and calibration) as a function of magnetospheric state, solar wind input and magnetic local time. We find that the model's performance is highest during active conditions, for example, geomagnetic storms, and lowest during isolated substorms and “quiet” intervals, despite these conditions dominating the training data set. Correspondingly, the performance is high when the solar wind conditions are elevated (i.e., high velocity, large total magnetic field strength, and the interplanetary magnetic field oriented southward), and at a minimum when the north‐south component of the magnetic field is highly variable or around zero. Regarding magnetic local time, performance is highest within the dusk and night sectors, and lowest during the day. The model appears to capture multiple modes of magnetospheric activity, including substorms and viscous interactions, but poorly predicts impulsive phenomena (i.e., storm sudden commencements) and longer timescale coupling processes. Future models of mid‐latitude magnetic field variability will need to effectively use longer time intervals of unpropagated (i.e., observations from L1) solar wind to more completely describe the magnetospheric conditions and response.
Fluorescence from a single-molecule probe directly attached to a plasmonic STM tip
Authors: Friedrich Niklas , Rosławska Anna , Arrieta Xabier , Kaiser Katharina , Romeo Michelangelo , Le Moal Eric , Scheurer Fabrice , Aizpurua Javier , Borisov Andrei G. , Neuman Tomáš , Schull Guillaume
Published: November 2024

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) provides access to atomic-scale properties of a conductive sample. While single-molecule tip functionalization has become a standard procedure, fluorescent molecular probes remained absent from the available tool set. Here, the plasmonic tip of an STM is functionalized with a single fluorescent molecule and is scanned on a plasmonic substrate. The tunneling current flowing through the tip-molecule-substrate junction generates a narrow-line emission of light corresponding to the fluorescence of the negatively charged molecule suspended at the apex of the tip, i.e., the emission of the excited molecular anion. The fluorescence of this molecular probe is recorded for tip-substrate nanocavities featuring different plasmonic resonances, for different tip-substrate distances and applied bias voltages, and on different substrates. We demonstrate that the width of the emission peak can be used as a probe of the exciton-plasmon coupling strength and that the energy of the emitted photons is governed by the molecule interactions with its environment. Additionally, we theoretically elucidate why the direct contact of the suspended molecule with the metallic tip does not totally quench the radiative emission of the molecule.
Monitoring soil salinization and waterlogging in the northeastern Nile Delta linked to shallow saline groundwater and irrigation water quality
Authors: Hagage Mohammed , Abdulaziz Abdulaziz M. , Elbeih Salwa F. , Hewaidy Abdel Galil A.
Published: November 2024

Soil salinization and waterlogging are critical environmental issues affecting agricultural productivity and cultural heritage preservation, particularly in arid regions. This study investigated soil degradation processes in the archaeologically and agriculturally significant northeastern Nile Delta of Egypt. The objective was to assess the severity of soil degradation and identify key drivers related to water resources and soil characteristics to aid in the development of management strategies. The research employed a multi-faceted approach, including hydrochemical analyses (of groundwater, irrigation water, and soil), water quality indices calculations, statistical analyses, and satellite data. The results revealed high levels of soil salinization in the northern and central areas, with 64% of soil samples classified as strongly and very strongly saline. Soil chemistry indicated salinization sources linked to sodium chloride dominance. Satellite data from Sentinel-2 images and SRTM digital elevation data showed widespread severe waterlogging in the northern lowlands. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) values indicated that 87.5% of irrigation water samples posed severe restrictions due to high salinity and sodium hazards, which were mismatched with the low soil permeability observed in 81% of the collected samples exhibiting clay texture and covering most of the study area. Furthermore, shallow groundwater at depths of 0.5–3 m with high salinity was detected, where total dissolved solids exceeded 20,000 mg/L, and Na-Cl water types prevailed, indicating saltwater intrusion. A strong positive correlation (r > 0.83) was found between shallow saline groundwater and soil salinity. The combination of poor irrigation water quality, shallow saline groundwater tables, and low-permeability soils created a synergistic effect that severely compromised soil health and agricultural productivity. It also posed severe risks to the structural integrity of archaeological sites and buried artifacts through accelerated physical and chemical weathering processes. This necessitates an urgent mitigation strategy to combat soil degradation in this critical area.
A deep learning model of dorsal and ventral visual streams for DVSD
Authors: Zareh Masoumeh , Toulabinejad Elaheh , Manshaei Mohammad Hossein , Zahabi Sayed Jalal
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods attempt to simulate the behavior and the neural activity of the brain. In particular, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) offer state-of-the-art models of the ventral visual stream. Furthermore, no proposed model estimates the distance between objects as a function of the dorsal stream. In this paper, we present a quantitatively accurate model for the visual system. Specifically, we propose a VeDo-Net model that comprises both ventral and dorsal branches. As in the ventral visual stream, our model recognizes objects. The model also locates and estimates the distance between objects as a spatial relationship task performed by the dorsal stream. One application of the proposed model is in the simulation of visual impairments. In this study, however, we show how the proposed model can simulate the occurrence of dorsal stream impairments such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and cerebral visual impairment (CVI). In the end, we explore the impacts of learning on the recovery of the synaptic disruptions of the dorsal visual stream. Results indicated a direct relationship between the positive and negative changes in the weights of the dorsal stream’s last layers and the output of the dorsal stream under an allocentric situation. Our results also demonstrate that visual–spatial perception impairments in ASD may be caused by a disturbance in the last layers of the dorsal stream.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Tourism Activities in Kenyir Lake: A Life Cycle Approach
Authors: Dullah Hayana , Salleh Noor Saliza Mohd , Zawawi Mohd Hafiz , Hassan Nurul Husna
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the environmental impacts of tourism activities at Kenyir Lake, focusing on houseboat and resort operations using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The research aims to identify key contributors to environmental degradation by systematically analyzing the inputs and outputs associated with these activities. Primary sources collected through interviews and water sample collection for laboratory analysis, supported by secondary literature, and analyzed using SimaPro 9.1.1.1 software following the CML-IA method, which evaluates ten impact categories. The findings highlight those operations, especially energy consumption and waste management, are significant contributors to environmental impacts, with substantial effects on global warming, ozone layer depletion, and various forms of ecotoxicity. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable practices in tourism operations, particularly in reducing energy use and improving waste management. The results provide critical insights into the sustainability and efficiency of tourism infrastructure at Kenyir Lake, offering valuable recommendations for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and promoting sustainable tourism practices in the region.
Environmental Noise Mapping: GIS-Based Study of Urban Industrial Zones and Traffic Areas
Authors: Mazhafizi Ahmad Iqbal , Khalid Azianabiha A Halip
Published: November 2024

Urbanization and industrialization present significant challenges to public health, particularly in managing environmental noise pollution. This study addresses the critical issue of noise pollution at the study area by developing a comprehensive noise map that encompasses industrial zones, construction sites, and areas with heavy traffic. Utilizing ArcGIS modeling software, the research visualizes the spatial dynamics of noise pollution, resulting in a detailed map that represents noise levels throughout the area. The analysis reveals that noise levels during weekday peak hours average 70.5 dBA, markedly higher than the 65.5 dBA average recorded during weekend peak hours. During weekdays morning peak, noise levels indicate three monitoring points in the red zone, two in the yellow zone, and five in the green zone. Notably, noise levels at all ten monitoring locations during weekdays peak hours exceeded the maximum permissible sound level of 60 dBA set by the Department of Environment for residential and commercial areas. These findings contribute to the development of targeted noise mitigation strategies and serve as a valuable resource for environmental authorities, policymakers, and urban planners. This research underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing environmental noise pollution and provides a practical framework for urban areas facing similar challenges.
The Effect of Planting Deadlines on the Thickness of the Rice Seedling
Authors: Urazmetov Kakhramon Karimbayevich , Rakhimova Nadira Odilbek Qizi , Yusupova Nasiba Qabuljonovna , Shamurtova Maftuna Gulimmat Qizi
Published: November 2024

In this article, a scientific study was carried out on the seedling thickness of the shawl. Experiments were carried out in the conditions of two regions, and elements were studied that ensure the seedling thickness of the shawl in different climates. The dependence of the size of the seeds of the shoot of the plant at the beginning of the generative period in the middle of the shoot phase will be equal to the number of spikes on the mature shoot. High water temperatures and a lack of nitrogen lead to small rovaks and a decrease in the number of grains. The intensity of clumping is considered a varietal sign. But it depends on the irrigation regime, nitrogen nutrition, the amount of oxygen on the soil surface, air temperature, water temperature, Bush thickness. Under production conditions, the yield coefficient corresponds to an average of 1.8-2.2 single plants. The budding phase begins with the formation of additional stems in plants. The formation of a clump joint in a single plant was controlled by lowering the water level during the clumping period, providing light to reach the clump joint of the plant.
Developing a water discharge echohydrograph conditioned by specific ichthyofauna habitat conservation
Authors: Tudor Georgeta , György Deak , Lucian L. , Matei M. , Mădălina B. , Holban E. , Isabela S.
Published: November 2024

Deriving from the concept of ecological flow that applies to aquatic ecosystems as a hole, in order to improve the monthly values determined for the Răstoliţa dam using the national legislation method, the specific local conditions required by ichthyofauna were considered in the development of a new discharge echohydrograph - QDFLT for Răstoliţa River, Romania. Hydrological statistics was used on a 30 years (1986-2015) dataset of daily averaged discharge values in order to determine and plot the corresponding hydrographs, the discharge ensurance/exceedance curve and the frequency curve that determined the discharge interval for the average ecological flow to be 1 - 1.5 m3/s. From the fish species present in the Răstoliţa River area the major ichthyofauna element, for which the habitat conservation conditions were to be met, was represented by Hucho hucho, a critically endangered species, that requires water depths of 0.50± 0.25 m. Hydraulic modelling processes that used in situ measured water depths, water level, water velocity and discharge data for profiles located on the Răstoliţa River determined a 1.3 ±0.1 m3/s average value for QDFLT. Using the ecological flow values determined according to the national legislation, there were applied considerations of climate change impact on the hydrodynamic conditions of the river and taxonomy principles in order to determine the QDFLT echohydrograph composed of 12 monthly specific minimal discharge values required by Hucho hucho.
Fracture behaviour of Sn-58Bi alloy reinforced by activated bamboo charcoal
Authors: Wong Karen Mee Chu , Chai Jing Yee , Ramli Muhammad Mahyiddin , Lim Boon Han , Shuit Siew Hoong
Published: November 2024

Sn-Bi solders are considered by PV manufacturers as acceptable Pb-free alternative due to its low operating temperature and cost, despite being prone to brittleness caused by coarse Bi phases. Bamboo charcoal (BC) is a sustainable and environment-friendly resource with high surface area and its addition to Sn-Bi solder meets the requirement of a green solder, in line with environmental regulations. This study aims to improve the shear strength and reduce brittleness of the Sn-Bi solder alloy by using a sustainable reinforcement, the activated bamboo charcoal. Sn-58Bi solder paste was reinforced with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 wt.% of activated BC, respectively and reflowed to create a single lap shear joint. Aging response was determined through accelerated aging at 120 °C for 7 days and 14 days. Shear strength of the joints increased as the activated BC content increased in the as-reflowed condition and there was lower degradation in shear strength for heat-aging specimens compared to pure Sn-Bi solder. No failures occurred via Mode 3 when the as-reflowed samples contained 0.50 wt.% or more of activated BC, and the 7- and 14-day heat-aged samples were free from Mode 3 failures when the activated BC composition was at 0.75 wt.% and above. Fracture surfaces showed transitions from flat and smooth surface to elongated-dimple structures even with just 0.25 wt.% of activated BC addition. While prolonged heat-aging increased cleavage presence, increasing amounts of activated BC reduced facet numbers and dimple sizes, indicating successful suppression of Bi phase segregation.
Cellulose Nanofiber and Carrageenan Films Infused Eugenol for Food Preservation
Authors: Yahaya Wan Amnin Wan , Azman Nurul Aini Mohd , Noor Adibi M. , Bakar Noor Fitrah Ab , Ishak Wan Mohd Faizal Wan
Published: November 2024

This study explores the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of bio-based polymer films made from semi-refined carrageenan (SRC), plasticized with glycerol, and enhanced with eugenol to inhibit lipid degradation in meat patties. The active films were developed using 2% w/w SRC, 0.9% v/v glycerol, 10% v/v cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a reinforcing agent, and 0.2% and 0.4% v/v eugenol (Eu). The wettability of the films was evaluated using contact angle analysis, while weight loss was assessed through soil burial degradation over a period of four weeks. Additional tests examined the films’ swelling and transparency properties. Lipid degradation in meat patties was measured using Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). The CNG-0.4%Eu films showed a contact angle of 109.01º and a swelling rate of 93.44%. The antioxidant films successfully delayed lipid oxidation in meat patties, with final TBARS values of 0.768–0.844 mg malondialdehyde per kg of sample. Therefore, the CNG-0.4%Eu formulation demonstrates potential as an alternative food packaging material to extend shelf life.
Design Analysis of Sustainable Composite Slab using Profiled Steel Sheeting: A Case Study based on BS 5950-4: 1994 and EN 1994-1-1: 2004
Authors: Amsyar Faisal
Published: November 2024

Composite slabs, combining the structural benefits of steel and concrete, are an integral part of modern construction due to their high load-bearing capabilities and efficiency. Steel sheeting provides tensile reinforcement, while the concrete offers compressive strength, contributing to the sustainability and durability of the flooring systems. Recent projects in Malaysia, such as the construction of high-rise Merdeka 118 and PNB Mall have demonstrated the effectiveness of composite slabs in achieving efficient, robust, and environmentally friendly structures. This study basically involves in examining and reassessing the composition of floor slabs using profiled steel from NS BlueScope Lysaght. Technically, this study has amended a manual excel spreadsheet to reassess the design and in-depth analysis of the composite concrete slab using a case study from PNB Mall projects. Through the checking and re-evaluation process, several comments and critical discussions have been made, categorized into two subjects: (a) discussions on the formwork/construction stage analysis, and (b) evaluations on the composite (slab) stage analysis. In conclusion, the MegaFloor modelling software is capable of designing and analyzing composite floor slabs when comparing it to the amended excel spreadsheet calculations. The manual design calculations adhere to BS 5950 Part 4, as well as EN 1994-1-1:2004.
Modeling of Shell and Various Tube Shapes with Annular Fins for Thermal Solar Energy Storage System
Authors: Hasan Hiba A. , Suffer Kadhim H.
Published: November 2024

With increasing global interest in transitioning from old, expensive fossil fuels to clean energies, particularly solar energy, which is abundant in most regions of the world, the challenge arises of storing solar energy generated during the day for reuse at night. Therefore, many researchers have focused their efforts on developing and enhancing thermal storage systems for solar thermal energy. Phase change materials are considered the most suitable and least expensive when used in thermal solar energy storage systems, especially in shell-and-tube heat exchangers. In this study, the issue of latent heat storage in a shell heat exchanger was addressed using different tube shapes (tube, nozzle, and reducer), surrounded by annular fins. The main objective was to simulate the solidification process for the proposed models, which represent the state during which thermal energy is released into the phase change material during the night and stored during the day. The models were designed using SolidWorks software. CFD technology, employing finite volume and enthalpy methods, was utilized with ANSYS-Fluent 19 software for numerical simulations. The results obtained from the CFD predictions indicated that the variation in liquid fraction among the proposed models was minimal. The tube model exhibited a lower average liquid fraction than other models, suggesting faster solidification of paraffin compared to the others. In the upper part of the reducer model, where there is less paraffin, the temperature of the paraffin is close to the wall surface temperature, similar to the nozzle model. The reduction in solidification time achieved by the tube model was 25.7% compared to the nozzle model, while the reducer model delayed solidification time by approximately 16.3% compared to the tube model. Designing the heat exchanger with a tube is more suitable for the solidification process, whereas the nozzle is preferred for the melting process. There was a satisfactory agreement between numerical and published experimental findings.
Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction in The Low Land Area of Parit Raja Johor from Isotope Measurement
Authors: Riwayat Akhtar Izzaty , Ahmad Nazri Mohd Ariff , Jahani Aqilah Zakiah , Dullah Hayana
Published: November 2024

The groundwater and surface water were analysed for stable isotopes (18O and 2H) to assess the interaction for water protection and management in the lowland area of Parit Raja, Johor. The plotted graph on the δ2H versus δ18O shows that the compositions of the surface water are seen to be evaporated. Since the compositions of δ2H and δ18O were more depleted than the precipitation, indicating that it had a minimum influence on the surface water. In the study, the δ2H of the groundwater was between −83.66 to –36.74 for δ2H and –11.45 to –4.96 for δ18O. These groundwater compositions were depleted compared to surface water, which indicates that in this area, groundwater sources may not be linked to the surface water. Instead, this groundwater was probably old groundwater that was influenced by ancient groundwater, where the weak connectivity between these sources was due to clay layers and interrupted aquifers. Since the top clay layer also plays some role in impeding the downward movement of water, it plays a role in the recharge process. In addition, the isotopic composition of groundwater was significantly more depleted than that of rainwater, indicating that this source was highly evaporated and could have originated from the seepage of meteoric water in the past. These results were expected to be useful for a better assessment of surface water and groundwater since the interaction is critical for water protection and management.
The Potential of Algae-Based Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Muqhrey Muhammad , Kasmuri Norhafezah , Selim Helmy , Nayono Satoto Endar , Ahmad Razi
Published: November 2024

Surface water quality has deteriorated in recent years due to the emerging pollutants from urbanization. In line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), adequate treatment is crucial to enhance the effluent discharges to the water bodies. Therefore, the potential of microalgae as phytoremediation, especially Chlorella vulgaris, in revolutionizing municipal wastewater treatment can be a substitute for the conventional method. Thus, this study aims to determine the percentage of pollutants in wastewater removed via microalgae. Effluent samples were taken from the wastewater treatment plant of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Dengkil, Selangor. The experiment was conducted in an aerated batch reactor with LED light to boost the microalgae growth. Microplastic has been inserted in the batch culture of microalgae to estimate the biodegradation process further. From the results observation, the percentage removal for the ammonia-nitrogen is approximately 98%, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the highest rate of 82%. Later, the reduction percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 96.6%. After the treatment, separately, nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen removal capacity were obtained as 99% and 99.7%. Lastly, for the phosphorus, the removal percentage was 98.48%. Consequently, this research can better understand the environmental and operational factors which can maximize the formation of algal biofilms and enhance the effectiveness of wastewater treatment. It also underscores the need for further research in optimizing the concentrations and combinations of these additives for more efficient wastewater treatment.
Adsorption of Metaldehyde by Oil Palm Kernel Biochar and Rice Husk Biochar: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kamarudin Nur Salsabila , Dahalan Farrah Aini , Suhaimi Muhammad Ikram Hakim , Ahmad Zubir Arina Azmina , Hasan Masitah , Ibrahim Naimah , Lutpi Nabilah Aminah , Raja Nazri Raja Nazrul Hakim , Parmin Nor Azizah
Published: November 2024

Metaldehyde is a toxic molluscicide that has the potential to contaminate water supplies and damage aquatic life. Existing water treatment methods are ineffective at removing it from water bodies. In this study, oil palm kernel biochar (OPKB) and rice husk biochar (RHB) were utilized to assess metaldehyde adsorption. Using a batch adsorption approach, the physicochemical parameters of biochar and their metaldehyde adsorption capacities were investigated. The results indicated that the metaldehyde adsorption capacities of both varieties of biochar are significant. Considering the initial concentration of metaldehyde, contact time, and adsorbent dosages, OPKB demonstrated a higher metaldehyde adsorption capacity than RHB. The study examined metaldehyde’s effects on OPKB and RHB using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Both models provided a good fit, with the Freundlich model slightly better fitting. The study also used pseudo-first and second order kinetic models, revealing that the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics for both biochar. This information can aid in developing efficient and successful metaldehyde removal technologies from contaminated water sources. This study showed that oil palm biochar has the potential to be an effective adsorbent for removing metaldehyde from contaminated water.
Issues of conducting geobotanical research in pastures and hayfields (In the case of Ellikkala district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan)
Authors: Nuratdinov Alisher , Bekanov Kuatbay , Allashov Zaripbay , Mominov Adbujalil , Reimov Mamanbek , Khudaybergenov Yakhshimurad
Published: November 2024

This article presents the results of geobotanical research conducted using geoinformation technologies in pastures and hayfields of the Ellikkala district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In this research work, the necessary information about the habitats and distribution environments of the nutritious pasture plants that are mainly consumed by livestock has been provided. Also, suggestions and recommendations are given for improving the methods of regeneration of vegetation cover growing in pastures. In order to ensure the productivity of pastures, research was conducted using 1:10,000 scale map and orthophoto plans of the district to determine the quality of the botanical composition of its plants.
Study of pasture biomass and grazing intensity using remote sensing data in mountain area
Authors: Mamatkulov Zokhid , Umarov Nurali , Makhsudov Rahimjon , Erdonov Muxammadi , Niyozov Khujakul , Artikov Gulom , Nishanov Azamat
Published: November 2024

This article introduces a quantitative framework for evaluating remote sensing data analysis in alpine pasture areas to estimate biomass and evaluate grazing intensity. Our paradigm for measuring vegetation biomass and assessing grazing pressure was established through the use of multispectral satellite imagery and ground-based observations. To get precise estimations of biomass and grazing intensity, the system combines field surveys, machine learning algorithms, and vegetation indices. The suggested approach's efficacy in monitoring pasture health and guiding sustainable land management techniques in hilly areas is evident from the results.
The effect of written assignment guidelines on students’ learning in the field of geoinformatics
Authors: Alautdinova Kamola , Avazmatova Markhabo , Maksudova Khilola , Abdullayeva Mukhtasar
Published: November 2024

Clear instruction is the cornerstone of effective teaching. From elementary school to higher education, providing concise and transparent guidance can significantly impact student learning outcomes, engagement, and overall academic success. In this article, we will explore the profound impact of clear instruction on both students and educators. This research focused on how the effectiveness of teaching in Uzbekistan can be improved by considering the quality of the curriculum and the competence of teachers. The study specifically looked at teachers in Tashkent city and how their ability to provide effective instruction is affected by both the curriculum and their teaching skills. The study population was comprised of 420 freshmen students majoring in education programs at two universities: Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, and the National University of Uzbekistan. The research findings suggest that effective teaching requires a combination of both curriculum viability and teaching competencies. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the factors that contribute to effective teaching in Uzbekistan. By considering both the quality of the curriculum and the competence of teachers, policymakers and educators can work together to improve the quality of education and promote better outcomes for students in Tashkent and beyond.
Implementing humour techniques to develop geoinformatics students’ pragmatic competence in ESP classes
Authors: Samatova Barnokhon , Kholmatov Aziz
Published: November 2024

This article explores developing pragmatic competence of students who study geoinformatics in ESP classes. Through a mixed method approach of literature review and semi-structured interviews it explores if teachers use humour during the classes, if yes, for what aims they employ humour and specifically if they use humour to enhance students’ pragmatic competence. It was discovered that teachers use humour during the classes often but in an unsystematic way. Besides, they rarely use humour to develop students’ pragmatic skills, despite the fact that they find it useful for that purpose.
Mapping Soil Carbon Dynamics and Permafrost Thaw Response to Abrupt Climate Change in the Usa River Basin, Russia
Authors: Pastukhov A. , Kaverin D. , Yakubenko S. , Mansurov V. , Xaqberdiyev O.
Published: November 2024

A computer-based map is considered a crucial foundational resource for conducting comprehensive carbon budget studies in northern latitudes. Detailed soil maps were created for the intensive study sites located in the forest-tundra and tundra regions using QuickBird 61 cm panchromatic and 2.4 m multispectral resolution satellite images, alongside a database containing morphological descriptions and analytical data from 153 soil profiles, long-term permafrost monitoring sites, and meteorological records. The results of GIS-analysis indicate that approximately 60% of all infrastructure is situated in areas with a "high risk" of permafrost degradation. These areas, defined as zones with isolated to discontinuous permafrost coverage ranging from 3% to 90% and ground temperatures ranging from 0 to -2 °C, are expected to experience significant thawing within the next few decades to a century. Long-term measurements taken at CALM (Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring) sites in the region have shown a continuous increase in thaw depths, resulting in a lowering of the permafrost table. This trend poses significant challenges for permafrost engineering and highlights the need for long-term investments in arctic infrastructure that will yield returns over time. The database has been utilized to assess soil organic carbon stocks.
Advances and Prospects in Machine Learning for GIS and Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Research Frontiers
Authors: Teshaev Nozimjon , Makhsudov Bobomurod , Ikramov Izzatilla , Mirjalalov Nuriddin
Published: November 2024

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative tool in the fields of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS), enabling more accurate and efficient analysis of spatial data. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the various types of machines learning algorithms, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, and their specific applications in GIS and RS. The integration of ML in these fields has significantly enhanced capabilities in tasks such as land cover classification, crop mapping, and environmental monitoring. Despite its potential, the implementation of ML in GIS and RS faces several challenges, including data quality issues, computational complexities, and the need for domain-specific knowledge. This paper also examines the current status of ML usage in GIS and RS, identifying key trends and innovations. Finally, it outlines future directions for research, emphasizing the importance of developing more robust algorithms, improving data integration, and addressing the ethical implications of ML applications in spatial sciences.
Study of the dynamics of LULC change using remote sensing data and GIS technologies (case study of the Kashkadarya region)
Authors: Jumanov Azamat , Khafizova Zulfiya , Ibraimova Aziza , Ismailova Zukhra , Jovliyeva Dilfuza , Absoatov Ulugbek
Published: November 2024

In studies of global environmental change and heat balance, land surface temperature plays a crucial role in determining radiation budgets as a control for climate models. Particularly in quickly growing cities, the significance of precise and timely data characterizing the kind and amount of land resources and changes over time is growing. We used satellite imagery from 2000, 2007, 2015, and 2022 to create a system for identifying changes in land cover. The five categories in the study area were built-up area, plantation, watershed, agricultural land, and pasture. The maps showed that from 2000 to 2022, rural or developed land increased from 12.1% to 46.3% of the total area, while agricultural land, plantations, water bodies, and pastures covered the entire study area. It decreased from 91.88% to 47.6%. The results showed that the area of cities (many built up) has increased dramatically. In contrast, grasslands, agricultural land, water bodies, and plantations have clearly decreased from 2000 to 2022. The remote sensing and GIS techniques used in this study proved effective, reduced time to analyse city expansion, and have been found to be useful tools for assessing the effects of urbanization based on satellite imagery over the years. GIS technologies provide precise and affordable methods for tracking land cover change over time, which may be utilized as management choices and guidance. The results show patterns of land use and cover change in Kamashi district and highlight the potential of remote sensing.
Improving the methodology of determining the level of agricultural land use based on the application of cadastral assessment materials
Authors: Babajanov Allabergen , Inamov Bekzod , Muqumov Abdugani
Published: November 2024

The current state of using the irrigated arable land of the republic using scientific observation, analytical analysis, monographic research, calculation and economic-statistical methods is studied in the article; on the example of a group of farms, the level of use of irrigated arable land at their disposal was analyzed using land evaluation materials; according to the results of the analysis, the internal possibilities for improving the use of land and other production resources in the future have been identified; through multifactor correlation-regression analysis, which is one of the main economic-statistical methods, it was proved that the quality index of the land, labor and material resources, water supply of the fields are inextricably linked with the main production result; it was shown that the use of land cadastral evaluation materials ensures the accuracy of the analysis results.
Optimizing Electricity Infrastructure Management: A Dashboard Approach for Samarkand Region
Authors: Suyunov Abdusali , Inamov Aziz , Suyunov Shukhrat , Rakhmatullaeva Kamola
Published: November 2024

Electricity infrastructure management plays a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of power distribution systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive approach to electricity infrastructure management in the Samarkand region through the development and implementation of a dashboard using ArcGIS Online. The dashboard serves as a centralized platform for stakeholders to visualize, analyse, and monitor various aspects of the electricity network. Key features of the dashboard include filters by district and sub-district, as well as options to select specific electricity lines by name and voltage level. This enables users to focus their analysis on specific areas of interest within the region, enhancing the granularity and relevance of the information presented. The implementation of this dashboard represents a significant step towards modernizing electricity infrastructure management practices in the Samarkand region. By leveraging the power of GIS technology and ArcGIS Online, stakeholders are empowered with a user-friendly and intuitive tool for accessing, analysing, and interpreting electricity infrastructure data.
Spatiotemporal analysis and identifying the driving forces of land use change in the Abay district (Karagandy Region, Kazakhstan)
Authors: Alipbeki Onggarbek , Grossul Pavel , Rakhimov Daniyar , Aliken Erassyl , Augambayev Kairat , Alipbekova Chaimgul , Begaliyeva Maira , Ravshanov Alisher
Published: November 2024

Land use and cover change (LUCC) affects the nature of human activities in a particular area. Therefore, the manifestation of the driving forces of these changes plays a decisive role. This paper analyses the LULC dynamics of the Abay district of Karagandy oblast from 2016 to 2023. The study’s main objective is to find the driving forces of land use based on the integrated assessment of spatio-temporal data (STD) and socio-economic, climatic and environmental indicators (SECEI). Classification of Sentinel- 2 images into LULC classes is carried out using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The driving factors were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear regression (LR). The results obtained can be used to guide the development planning of the territory.
SWOT analysis of agribusiness development in Uzbekistan
Authors: Nuranov Ilkham , Abishov Mukhammed
Published: November 2024

In this article, a general-analytical analysis of the state of agribusiness in Uzbekistan has been conducted. The research work was carried out based on the SWOT analysis technique, which relies on methodological approaches. Through the analysis, we obtained information about the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing agribusiness in our country. We have carefully studied the existing weaknesses and developed specific proposals aimed at eliminating the shortcomings that are allowed.
Geostatistical approach in estimating the capacity volume of the mudflow reservoir
Authors: Khasanov Khojiakbar , Babajanova Nodira , Chymyrov Akylbek , Reyimov Dayanch , Salokhitdinova Sevar
Published: November 2024

Mudflow reservoirs play a crucial role in mitigating flood risks triggered by natural events like heavy rains and snowmelt, safeguarding surrounding areas from potential inundation. However, sedimentation poses a significant challenge by reducing the capacity and effectiveness of these mudflow reservoirs over time. This study focused on estimating the capacity of the Kalkama mudflow reservoir, constructed in 1987, using a geostatistical approach. Bathymetric survey data were analyzed using various interpolation methods. Kriging (Ordinary Kriging) provided the best performance with the lowest RMSE (0.28) and a high R² (0.99), indicating it is the most accurate method for this dataset. Based on this method, a spatial model of the mudflow reservoir was developed to assess its current capacity. Findings indicate a capacity loss of 2.33 million m³ (23.6%) over 36 years, alongside a 22% reduction in surface area at Full Storage Level, and the dead volume was completely filled with sediment.
A review of research on optical true time delay technology
Authors: An Ting , Liu Limin , Han Chunhui , Zhu Sai , Jiang Yunfeng
Published: November 2024

Light controlled phased array has the advantages of fast response speed, compact system, diverse functions, and flexible control, and has been widely applied in many scientific and technological fields. Optical true delay technology (OTTD) is the most direct technical means to achieve phase delay of optical carrier signals, and it is also the most basic technical means to implement optical controlled beamforming systems. In order to fully understand the optical true delay technology, this article first elaborates on the principle of phased array antennas and the reasons for beam squint, and analyzes the impact of true delay on the performance of phased array radar. Then, the basic principle, technological progress, and related applications of optical true delay are introduced. Taking four common structures of optical true delay lines as examples, which are micro-ring resonant cavity array, grating true time delay line, multi-path switchable optical true time delay line (OTTDL), and wavelength selective optical delay line, their performance in delay accuracy, adjustable delay range, and frequency bandwidth are compared. Finally, the current problems and future development trends of optical controlled beamforming technology were summarized.
Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in the general population in Guinea: first large-scale screening study
Authors: Guilavogui Timothé , Gantois Nausicaa , Desramaut Jérémy , Cissé Fode Ibrahima , Touré Salif Cherif , Kourouma Bakary Luther , Preda Cristian , Chabé Magali , Viscogliosi Eric , Certad Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrheal mortality in children in Africa and Asia. Despite the public health significance of this parasite, its molecular epidemiology and circulation in Guinea remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium in the Guinean general population. To achieve this, fecal samples were collected from 834 individuals, both with and without digestive disorders, at two hospitals in Conakry. The presence of the parasite in the stool samples was detected using nested PCR targeting the SSU rDNA gene, followed by sequencing of the PCR products for genotyping of the isolates. The PCR-based prevalence was 0.12% for the whole cohort, and 0.2% among adults. The low frequency of Cryptosporidium observed in the current study is thus consistent with the prevalence of this parasite already reported in certain other African countries. The species identified in the positive samples was Cryptosporidium hominis. This study is the first to report the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in the general population of Guinea. Given the potential of this parasite to cause life-threatening diarrhea, further studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in this country.
L’IA dans la pédagogie en architecture, fondations, références, horizons
Authors: Lescop Laurent , Mangasaryan Arpi
Published: November 2024

L’IA ouvre un vaste champ des possibles en architecture et par conséquent dans la formation des architectes. Les craintes et les attentes obligent à bien poser les fondamentaux de ce qui peut former une nouvelle pédagogie intégrant les IA. Cet article rappelle quelques repères, organise les grandes familles des IA pour les architectes et rend compte des premières expériences auprès des étudiants.
Non-Adhärenz und ärztliche Trägheit in der Behandlung der ­arteriellen Hypertonie
Authors: van der Giet Markus
Published: November 2024

Bluthochdruck ist die am häufigsten vorkommende nichtübertragbare Krankheit mit einem hohen Potenzial für die Entstehung von kardiorenovaskulären Endorganschäden. Immer noch werden zu wenige Patienten mit Hypertonie erkannt und nur etwas weniger als die Hälfte aller Erkrankten mit Bluthochdruck werden erfolgreich behandelt. Die mangelnde effektive Behandlung der Hypertonie verursacht jährlich viele Todesfälle, die verhindert werden könnten. 2 Faktoren für das mangelnde Erkennen des Bluthochdrucks und auch die Verhinderung von langfristigen Schäden sind die ärztliche Trägheit und die Non-Adhärenz der Patienten. Die ärztliche Trägheit führt nicht selten dazu, dass eine Hypertonie nicht unzureichend erkannt wird und folglich nicht nachhaltig therapiert wird. Die Non-Adhärenz ist ein multidimensionales Problem, bedingt durch simple Vergesslichkeit der Patienten bis hin zu einem aktiven Vermeiden von einer Therapie durch den Erkrankten. Die Ursachen und auch Lösungsstrategien werden in diesem Beitrag diskutiert.
Pancreatic Duct Stenting: Does Interventional Radiology Have a Role?
Authors: Veluri Shriya L. , Arar Ahmad , Pillai Akhilesh , Chamarthy Gautam , Tielleman Thomas , Pillai Anil K.
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic duct stenting involves the placement of a stent into the pancreatic duct to restore drainage and flow of pancreatic secretions. It relieves upstream duct dilation, facilitates drainage of pancreatic secretions, and alleviates associated symptoms like pain, nausea, malnutrition, and recurrent pancreatitis. Additionally, it is utilized to treat a variety of pancreatic duct pathologies, including obstructions from conditions like chronic pancreatitis, malignancy, and pancreatic leaks. Depending on the clinical scenario, different types of stents can be placed using endoscopic, percutaneous, or surgical approaches. Endoscopic approaches, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound-guided stenting, are often considered first-line procedures for managing pancreatic duct pathologies. However, in cases where these procedures fail, interventional radiology (IR) becomes crucial in managing these conditions, providing a safe and minimally invasive alternative that effectively addresses the underlying issues. This review aims to discuss the clinical, radiological, and technical considerations for pancreatic duct stenting and specifically highlight the role of IR in managing various pancreatic duct pathologies.