bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
And now for something completely different
Authors: Broadribb Michael P.
Published: November 2017

Process safety management systems are generally credited with reducing major accident risk in the process industries. While those systems have been around for many years—the EU introduced the Seveso Directive in 1982, and US OSHA promulgated the PSM regulation 10 years later— many companies today are challenged by inadequate and/or stagnant process safety management system performance. Several companies have experienced major incidents, particularly when they are subject to prescriptive regulations such as OSHA PSM.

Reliance on compliance with prescriptive regulations is no guarantee of preventing major incidents. No regulator anywhere has ever thought of everything that can cause a process safety incident and then written a regulation to safeguard against that occurrence. Good process safety requires that hazards are identified, the risks of these hazards are understood, and those risks are managed by “doing the right thing.” This frequently requires additional activities that go beyond regulatory compliance.

In 2007, CCPS introduced Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS), which builds on lessons learned since the early 1980s, and applies management system principles of Plan, Do, Check, Act. Being risk‐based, RBPS is not prescriptive. It recognizes that all hazards and risks are NOT equal, and focuses more resources on the higher hazards and risks that have been identified. This enables finite company resources to be optimally deployed to efficiently improve process safety performance. The 20 elements of RBPS go beyond OSHA PSM to include other elements, such as risk analysis and performance metrics.

Some companies have embraced RBPS and moved away from compliance‐driven process safety management systems. However, RBPS is primarily focused on process plant operations. While some elements of RBPS can be applied to large and small projects, RBPS and its guidance does not comprehensively address projects or certain other aspects of process safety.

The paper highlights “some completely different” process safety elements for which no RBPS guidance is currently available, and discusses the application of a more comprehensive RBPS approach to fill these gaps. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:25–30, 2018
37th Primary Care Update
Authors: David Felix
Published: November 2017

The 37th Primary Care Update was held at the Royal Society of Medicine in September, informing healthcare professionals on the current UK management of hayfever and inflammatory bowel disease, and the challenge of an ageing population in drug and alcohol detox services. Felix David reports on some of the conference highlights.
Treatment options for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Mavrelos Dimitrios , Saridogan Ertan
Published: November 2017

Dysmenorrhoea affects up to half of young women and can adversely affect quality of life, especially if severe. This article describes the distinguishing features of primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea and discusses the main treatment options for women presenting in primary care.
Update of the FSRH guideline on emergency contraception
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: November 2017

In March, the Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH) of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists updated their guideline on emergency contraception. This article provides an overview of the new guideline and its key recommendations.
Communication in the age of digital healthcare
Authors: Buckland Danny
Published: November 2017

The surge of technology across healthcare is washing away labour‐intensive practices and promises a cleaner, smarter future for GPs and prescribers. However, concern is growing that traditional lines of clinical communication could be drowned out by the race for progress across a troubled NHS.
Straining to communicate
Authors: Delvin David
Published: November 2017

David Delvin recounts the benefits and pitfalls of resorting to mime when trying to communicate your embarrassing medical needs in a foreign country.
m‐Plane GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes Fabricated With MOVPE Layer on Several Off‐Angle m‐Plane GaN Substrates
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Ando Yuto , Nagamatsu Kentaro , Deki Manato , Cheong Heajeong , Ousmane Barry , Kushimoto Maki , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: November 2017

In this study, GaN m‐plane Schottky barrier diodes are fabricated by metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on several off‐angle gallium nitride (GaN) substrates, and the off‐cut angle dependence of impurity incorporation is investigated. We show that the MOVPE layer on the substrate inclined 5° toward the [000–1] direction has extremely low impurity incorporation. These results provide important suggestions for the fabrication of m‐plane power devices.
Inside the clustering window for random linear equations
Authors: Gao Pu , Molloy Michael
Published: November 2017

We study a random system of cn linear equations over n variables in GF(2), where each equation contains exactly r variables; this is equivalent to r‐XORSAT. Previous work has established a clustering threshold, for this model: if for any constant then with high probability all solutions form a well‐connected cluster; whereas if , then with high probability the solutions partition into well‐connected, well‐separated clusters (with probability tending to 1 as ). This is part of a general clustering phenomenon which is hypothesized to arise in most of the commonly studied models of random constraint satisfaction problems, via sophisticated but mostly nonrigorous techniques from statistical physics. We extend that study to the range , and prove that the connectivity parameters of the r‐XORSAT clusters undergo a smooth transition around the clustering threshold.
Projecting the Number of Elderly with Cognitive Impairment in China Using a Multi‐State Dynamic Population Model
Authors: Ansah John P. , Koh Victoria , Chiu Chi‐Tsun , Chei Choy‐Lye , Zeng Yi , Yin Zhao‐Xue , Shi Xiao‐Ming , Matchar David B.
Published: November 2017

China is aging rapidly, and the number of Chinese elderly with dementia is expected to rise. This paper projects, up to year 2060, the number of Chinese elderly within four distinct cognitive states. A multi‐state population model was developed using system dynamics and parametrized with age–gender‐specific transition rates (between intact, mild, moderate and severe cognitive impairment and death) estimated from two waves (2012 and 2014) of a community‐based cohort of elderly in China aged ≥65 years (N = 1824). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and the bootstrap method was used to obtain the 95% confidence interval of the transition rates. The number of elderly with any degree of cognitive impairment increases; with severe cognitive impairment increasing the most, at 698%. Among elderly with cognitive impairment, the proportion of very old elderly (age ≥ 80) is expected to rise from 53% to 78% by 2060. This will affect the demand for social and health services China.

Copyright © 2017 System Dynamics Society
A Designed Ladder‐Type Heteroarene Benzodi(Thienopyran) for High‐Performance Fullerene‐Free Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Hao , Fan Haijun , Xu Shengjie , Zhang Cheng , Chen Shanshan , Yang Changduk , Chen Daoliang , Liu Feng , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: November 2017

To meet the imminent requirement of fullerene‐free electron acceptors, a new ladder‐type heteroarene benzodi(thienopyran) (BDTP) is designed and synthesized by embedding pyran rings in [2,2‐(2,5‐dialkyloxy‐1,4‐phenylene)dithiophene] (PDT) for organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications. Originating from the strong p–π conjugation of the oxygen atom in the pyran rings, electron‐rich BDTP results in the BDTP‐cored molecular acceptor, NBDTP, with strong intramolecular charge transfer effect. With sp3 carbons in pyran rings, NBDTP have the flexibility of targeted modification to resolve the solubility as well as the morphological tuning by handy alkyl chain attachment. As a result, the fusion of pyran rings in BDTP means that the acceptor exhibits a narrow optical band gap of 1.58 eV and a high LUMO energy level of −3.79 eV. Meanwhile, blend morphology of NBDTP‐based OPVs shows fine tunability via thermal annealing. Owing to the beneficial optical absorption, suitable energy‐level alignment, favorable molecule packing, and proper morphology, the optimized NBDTP‐based OPVs achieve a power conversion efficiency of up to 10.1%, which exemplifies the potential of utilizing molecular acceptors featuring ladder‐type heteroarenes for high‐performance OPVs.
An Extension of the Systems Modeling Language for Physical Interaction and Signal Flow Simulation
Authors: Bock Conrad , Barbau Raphael , Matei Ion , Dadfarnia Mehdi
Published: November 2017

Computer‐interpretable representations of system structure and behavior are at the center of developing today's complex systems. Systems engineers create and review these representations using graphical modeling languages that capture requirements, designs, and tests (such as the Systems Modeling Language, SysML). However, these languages must be used in conjunction with analysis tools, in particular, with simulators for physical interaction and numeric signal flow based on ordinary and algebraic differential equation solvers. These kind of simulation tools are often used separately from system modeling tools, leading to inconsistencies that require additional work to eliminate, preventing multidisciplinary concerns from being reflected in the overall system design. As a result, there is an increasing need for integrating physical interaction and signal flow simulation tools and languages into system modeling under a single framework. In this article, we first present an abstraction of the constructs and semantics these simulation tools and languages have in common, based on earlier reviews. Then, we compare SysML to our simulation abstraction to find the parts of SysML closest to simulation modeling, and to identify simulation concepts missing from SysML. This leads to extensions of SysML to bridge the gaps, illustrated with an example application. Next, we address issues in translating extended SysML models to common simulation tools and languages, including the differences between them. Finally, we validate the approach by applying the extension to an example SysML model, automating the translations in software, and showing that the results execute the same way on different simulation platforms.
Improving ELLs' Listening Competence Through Written Scaffolds
Authors: Abobaker Reima
Published: November 2017

This article reports findings from a quasi‐experimental study conducted to provide evidence of the effectiveness of written scaffolds (keyword captions, full captions, and full transcript) for different proficiency levels. The gap that this article fills is the lack of research on the type of written scaffold that a specific proficiency level can benefit most from using appropriate materials for the relevant level of language proficiency. Hence, a selective rubric with level‐appropriate written scaffolds is introduced. Instructors of English language learners are provided with ways to recognize the appropriate support (written scaffold) their learners need to enhance both students' listening comprehension and listening skills.
Cervical funneling or intra‐amniotic debris and preterm birth in nulliparous women with midtrimester cervical length less than 30 mm
Authors: Saade G. R. , Thom E. A. , Grobman W. A. , Iams J. D. , Mercer B. M. , Reddy U. M. , Tita A. T. N. , Rouse D. J. , Sorokin Y. , Wapner R. J. , Leveno K. J. , Blackwell S. C. , Esplin M. S. , Tolosa J. E. , Thorp J. M. , Caritis S. N. , Vandorsten J. P. ,   the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: November 2017

Objective

To evaluate whether the presence of cervical funneling or intra‐amniotic debris identified in the second trimester is associated with a higher rate of preterm birth (PTB) in asymptomatic nulliparous pregnant women with a midtrimester cervical length (CL) less than 30 mm (i.e. below the 10th percentile).

Methods

This was a secondary cohort analysis of data from a multicenter trial in nulliparous women between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation with a singleton gestation and CL less than 30 mm on transvaginal ultrasound, randomized to treatment with either 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo. Sonographers were centrally certified in CL measurement, as well as in identification of intra‐amniotic debris and cervical funneling. Univariable and multivariable analysis was performed to assess the associations of cervical funneling and intra‐amniotic debris with PTB.

Results

Of the 657 women randomized, 112 (17%) had cervical funneling only, 33 (5%) had intra‐amniotic debris only and 45 (7%) had both on second‐trimester ultrasound. Women with either of these findings had a shorter median CL than those without (21.0 mm vs 26.4 mm; P < 0.001). PTB prior to 37 weeks was more likely in women with cervical funneling (37% vs 21%; odds ratio (OR), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5–3.3)) or intra‐amniotic debris (35% vs 23%; OR, 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1–2.9)). Results were similar for PTB before 34 and before 32 weeks' gestation. After multivariable adjustment that included CL, PTB < 34 and < 32 weeks continued to be associated with the presence of intra‐amniotic debris (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.85 (95% CI, 1.00–3.44) and aOR, 2.78 (95% CI, 1.42–5.45), respectively), but not cervical funneling (aOR, 1.17 (95% CI, 0.63–2.17) and aOR, 1.45 (95% CI, 0.71–2.96), respectively).

Conclusions

Among asymptomatic nulliparous women with midtrimester CL less than 30 mm, the presence of intra‐amniotic debris, but not cervical funneling, is associated with an increased risk for PTB before 34 and 32 weeks' gestation, independently of CL. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Using Leadership Competencies as a Framework for Career Readiness
Authors: Howard Anita R. , Healy Suzanne L. , Boyatzis Richard E.
Published: November 2017

This chapter provides an overview of how a leadership competency approach grounded in emotional and social intelligence can help educators promote career readiness for students. Strategies and approaches for building leadership competencies will be reviewed.
Utilizing Gamification to Foster Leadership Competency Development
Authors: Cebulski Adam R.
Published: November 2017

This chapter introduces gamification and a model for utilizing game design elements for leadership competency development.
Building a Competency‐Based Leadership Program with Campus‐Wide Implementation
Authors: Ashby Kelley C. , Mintner Paul J.
Published: November 2017

This chapter outlines a process used by a large, public, research institution to create and implement a competency‐based leadership development initiative across campus.
Health Disparities: A Life Course Health Development Perspective and Future Research Directions
Authors: Larson Kandyce , Russ Shirley A. , Kahn Robert S. , Flores Glenn , Goodman Elizabeth , Cheng Tina L. , Halfon Neal
Published: November 2017

Historically, research examining health status disparities between members in different socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic groups often focused on adults and the concurrent lifestyle factors that might explain health differentials. Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the developmental origins of adult health and disease, and life course-oriented research has proliferated across the social, biological, and health sciences. This chapter describes how an integrated life course health development framework can be applied to advance our understanding of the dynamic and multilevel processes contributing to health disparities across lifetimes and even generations. Examples of recent research that has examined health status disparities from a life course perspective are provided, and research gaps and challenges are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a set of recommendations for a more strategic and responsive life course-informed research agenda that not only can fill in gaps in current knowledge, but also pave the way for the translation of this knowledge into improvement in practice, programs, and policy aimed at alleviating health disparities.
A cross-sectional and longitudinal study between association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish consumption and high-density lipoprotein heterogeneity
Authors: Tani Shigemasa , Matsuo Rei , Kawauchi Kenji , Yagi Tsukasa , Atsumi Wataru , Hirayama Atsushi
Published: November 2017

Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size, cholesterol poor, apolipoprotein A-I-rich HDL particles leading to smaller HDL particle size, may be associated with an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The data are sparse regarding the relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [n-3 PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and HDL particle size. This study was designed as a hospital-based cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of n-3 PUFAs and the HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, as estimated by the HDL particle size, in patients with the presence of one or more risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Six hundred and forty sequential patients were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of EPA and DHA showed a strong correlation (r = 0.736, p < 0.0001). However, in a multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for ASCVD risk factors, increased serum DHA (β = − 0.745, p = 0.021), but not serum EPA (β = − 0.414, p = 0.139) or EPA + DHA (β = 0.330, p = 0.557) level, was identified as an independent indicator of decreased HDL particle size. In 476 patients followed up for at least 6 months, the absolute change (Δ) in the HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio decreased significantly as the quartile of the Δ DHA level increased (p = 0.014), whereas no significant difference in the Δ HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio was noted with the increase in the quartile of the Δ EPA level. Moreover, a multivariate regression analysis identified increased DHA level and decreased estimated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size measured relative to the mobility value of LDL with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (i.e., relative LDL migration: LDL-Rm value), as independent predictors of decreased HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (β = − 0.171, p = 0.0003 and β = − 0.142, p = 0.002). The results suggest that increased serum DHA level, but not EPA level, might be associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio, an indicator of estimated HDL particle size. Further studies are needed to investigate the useful clinical indices and outcomes of these patients.

Clinical Trial Registration Information UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/), Study ID: UMIN000010603.
“Yeah that Made a Big Difference!”: The Importance of the Relationship between Health Professionals and Fathers Who Have a Child with Down Syndrome
Authors: Docherty Freyja , Dimond Rebecca
Published: November 2017

Evidence suggests that medical services do not reflect the increased involvement of fathers in childcare, a discrepancy that can often lead to feelings of exclusion and inequality. Fathers who have a child with Down syndrome may encounter many different health professionals during their child's life, therefore it is important to consider this relationship, and investigate the factors that influence their experiences. This is particularly important because the limited research focusing on fathers suggest that those who have a child with Down syndrome can experience increased stress levels and lasting feelings of loss and grief. It is therefore important to address their relationships with health professionals, as these may be a significant resource to prevent these feelings. This study used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of seven fathers who have a child with Down syndrome, focusing on their interactions with health professionals. The analysis showed that the major factors associated with negative experiences were feelings of exclusion, receiving overly negative information about the condition and a perceived lack of on‐going support. Positive experiences were associated with being made to feel like an equal parent, being given direct/clear information and being congratulated on the birth of their child. These results provide an insight into what fathers expect in terms of their own and their child's care and highlight that health professionals have an important and extensive role in influencing fathers’ experiences of Down syndrome.
Human Influence at the Coast: Upland and Shoreline Stressors Affect Coastal Macrofauna and Are Mediated by Salinity
Authors: Seitz Rochelle D. , Knick Kathleen E. , Davenport Theresa M. , Saluta Gabrielle G.
Published: November 2017

Anthropogenic stressors can affect subtidal communities within the land-water interface. Increasing anthropogenic activities, including upland and shoreline development, threaten ecologically important species in these habitats. In this study, we examined the consequences of anthropogenic stressors on benthic macrofaunal communities in 14 subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay. We investigated how subestuary upland use (forested, agricultural, developed land) and shoreline development (riprap and bulkhead compared to marsh and beach) affected density, biomass, and diversity of benthic infauna. Upland and shoreline development were parameters included in the most plausible models among a candidate set compared using corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion. For benthic macrofauna, density tended to be lower in subestuaries with developed or mixed compared to forested or agricultural upland use. Benthic biomass was significantly lower in subestuaries with developed compared to forested upland use, and biomass declined exponentially with proportion of near-shore developed land. Benthic density did not differ significantly among natural marsh, beach, and riprap habitats, but tended to be lower adjacent to bulkhead shorelines. Including all subestuaries, there were no differences in diversity by shoreline type. In low salinities, benthic Shannon (H′) diversity tended to be higher adjacent to natural marshes compared to the other habitats, and lower adjacent to bulkheads, but the pattern was reversed in high salinities. Sediment characteristics varied by shoreline type and contributed to differences in benthic community structure. Given the changes in the infaunal community with anthropogenic stressors, subestuary upland and shoreline development should be minimized to increase benthic production and subsequent trophic transfer within the food web.
Safeguarding the Rule of Law within the EU: Lessons from the Polish Experience
Authors: Niklewicz Konrad
Published: November 2017

The rule-of-law procedure against Poland, opened in January 2016, has painfully tested the safeguards supposed to protect the EU's fundamental values. It is now obvious that the protective mechanisms need to be strengthened. For in their current form, tested in real life for the first time, they have not dissuaded the present Polish government, led by the nationalist Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS), from seriously and continuously breaching the rules. All interested EU parties—that is, willing member states and institutions—should acknowledge this and start preparing modifications both to Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union, which includes a sanction mechanism, and to the European Commission's Rule of Law Framework, so that the EU's internal defences are strengthened for future needs.
Epidemiology and survival of colon cancer among Egyptians: a retrospective study
Authors: Metwally Islam H. , Shetiwy Mosab , Elalfy Amr F. , Abouzid Amr , Saleh Saleh S. , Hamdy Mohamed
Published: November 2017

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the 4th commonest cancer in the world. Studies had shown different tumor behavior depending on the site, pathology and stage. However the characters of Egyptian colon cancer patients are not well addressed.

Method Computerized registry of a tertiary cancer hospital in Egypt was searched for colon cancer cases. Demographic, pathologic and treatment data were collected and analyzed using SPSS program.

Results About 360 colon cancer patients attended our center in the last 12 years. Tumor characters showed great diverse from that of developed countries, with especially different prognosis and survival.

Conclusion Egyptians have unique tumor characters and behavior, and different compliance with treatment regimens. Multicenter prospective studies, as well as evolving Egyptian treatment guidelines are needed to address this.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE SUGARCANE APHID OUTBREAK IN SOUTH TEXAS
Authors: ZAPATA SAMUEL D. , DUDENSING REBEKKA , SEKULA DANIELLE , ESPARZA-DÍAZ GABRIELA , VILLANUEVA RAUL
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of the sugarcane aphid (SCA) outbreak in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV), Texas. Local producers were surveyed to gather detailed information about crop production and pest control practices. Collected data were used to estimate the reduction in profit associated with the SCA infestation, as well as the monetary value of the prevented loss attributed to control efforts. Sorghum industry losses were then used to assess the overall economic impact of the SCA outbreak in the RGV economy.
When My Community Met the Other: Competing Concepts of “Community” in Restorative Justice
Authors: Chang Won Kyung
Published: November 2017

In restorative justice theory, the concept of “community” looms large, since it is the locus of the very restoration to which this form of justice aspires. The questions that then raise themselves are: what is this “community” and how is this community rebuilt through the more relational and dialogical process of restorative justice? In investigating one restorative justice panel program in the United States, it becomes clear that “community” means different things to different individuals. Questioning the possibility of a locally-sanctioned version of justice, this study suggests that the starting point of including “community” in restorative justice should be re-thought.
Litigating Parentage: Equality Rights, LGBTQ Mobilization and Ontario’s All Families Are Equal Act
Authors: Snow Dave
Published: November 2017

After a judge declared its parentage regime violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in 2016, Ontario passed theAll Families Are Equal Act(AFAEA), which recognized LGBTQ families and parents of children born through assisted reproduction. This article analyzes the legislative hearings on the AFAEA, and highlights three factors that shaped the final policy outcome: a coordinated group of progressive witnesses with legal expertise; the presence of “rights talk” to inflate the scope of the judicial ruling; and the government’s use of the Charter as both “shield” and “sword” to minimize conservative opposition. This highlights how the Charter can shape policy outcomes not just in the courtroom, but also during the lawmaking process. It also demonstrates that activists are now using the Charter—particularly the equality rights provisions—to change policy for two groups facing discrimination: trans parents and individuals using assisted reproduction.
CONTINENTAL CONNECTIONS AND INSULAR DISTRIBUTIONS: DEER BONE ARTIFACTS OF THE PRECOLUMBIAN WEST INDIES—A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS WITH NEW RECORDS
Authors: Giovas Christina M.
Published: November 2017

The remains of non-native deer (Cervidae) have been sparsely recorded in Amerindian archaeological sites of the West Indies, but evidence indicates the presence of at least two genera, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus) and brocket deer (Mazama), during the precolumbian era known as the Ceramic Age (ca. 500 BC–AD 1500). Due to underreporting of finds and lack of regional integration of existing records, however, the West Indian distribution of cervid remains and their cultural importance are not well understood. Here, I synthesize records for unmodified and modified deer bone from 29 archaeological sites on seven islands in the precolumbian island Caribbean with descriptions for four new records of deer bone artifacts from Carriacou and Grenada. I discuss taxonomic attribution issues, evidence for manufacturing techniques, and the utilitarian and symbolic significance of deer bone artifacts. Particular attention is given to proportions of worked and unworked bone, element diversity, and skeletal part representation as a means to distinguish the introduction of living deer from the introduction of carcass products. The evidence presented here is consistent with island Amerindians importing cervid bone as finished artifacts or raw material for tool and ornament manufacture rather than live animals. This study enhances our understanding of the ways in which Amerindians were engaged in exchange networks based on the movement of exotic goods between the West Indies and continent. More broadly, it contributes to conceptual methods for distinguishing the transfer of body parts from the translocation of live animals in studies of exotic animal dispersal by humans.
Toward a Chance Management View of Organizational Change
Authors: Jing Runtian , Van de Ven Andrew H.
Published: November 2017

Chance serves as the gate to organizational change. Based on a relational view of chance, we propose that in an organizational context, the chance to change is affected by the perceptions of change agents and the affordance of situational momentum, and that different time points of change are associated with different degrees of chance favorability. We develop a theoretical model to represent how change agents can assess the favorability of current and future momentum and how they can benefit from identifying a perceived chance by employing chance grasping, entraining, creating, or riding strategy to promote organizational change. We generate theoretical propositions to illustrate the four timing strategies of chance management. The overall contribution of this study is a chance management view of organizational change that considers change agents and situational momentum as two interdependent factors in the process of managing the chance to change.
Building Models for Extended Radio Sources: Implications for Epoch of Reionisation Science
Authors: Trott Cathryn M. , Wayth Randall B.
Published: November 2017

We test the hypothesis that limitations in the sky model used to calibrate an interferometric radio telescope, where the model contains extended radio sources, will generate bias in the Epoch of Reionisation power spectrum. The information contained in a calibration model about the spatial and spectral structure of an extended source is incomplete because a radio telescope cannot sample all Fourier components. Application of an incomplete sky model to calibration of Epoch of Reionisation data will imprint residual error in the data, which propagates forward to the Epoch of Reionisation power spectrum. This limited information is studied in the context of current and future planned instruments and surveys at Epoch of Reionisation frequencies, such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA1-Low). For the MWA Epoch of Reionisation experiment, we find that both the additional short baselineuv-coverage of the compact Epoch of Reionisation array, and the additional long baselines provided by TGSS and planned MWA expansions, are required to obtain sufficient information on all relevant scales. For SKA1-Low, arrays with maximum baselines of 49 km and 65 km yield comparable performance at 50 MHz and 150 MHz, while 39 km, 14 km, and 4 km arrays yield degraded performance.
Unraveling the Occupation History of the Cremation Cemetery at Wijnegem/Blikstraat (Belgium)
Authors: De Mulder Guy , Van Strydonck Mark , Boudin Mathieu , Bourgeois Ignace
Published: November 2017

Recently a cremation cemetery was excavated at the site of Wijnegem where 29 cremation graves and 9 funerary monuments were uncovered. Thirty radiocarbon (14C) dates were carried out, mostly on cremated bone but also 10 charcoal samples were dated. Twenty-four cremations were studied. Four ring ditches were dated by charcoal samples from the infill of the ditch. The 14C dates showed an interesting long-term occupation of the cemetery. Different phases were ascertained. The history of the cemetery starts in the northern part of the site around a circular funerary monument. Two cremations were dated at the transition of the Early to Middle Bronze Ages. Two other graves represent the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Ages. The main occupation period dates between the end of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Finally, an isolated cremation grave marks the definite abandonment of the site during the Late Iron Age.
The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content
Authors: Houston Sam J. S. , Karalazos Vasileios , Tinsley John , Betancor Mónica B. , Martin Samuel A. M. , Tocher Douglas R. , Monroig Oscar
Published: November 2017

The replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces the availability ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) to marine fish such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and physiological responses to a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (D1–D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after 4 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2and fatty acid synthase increased in the liver, whereas PPARα1 pathways appeared to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1–D3, which agrees with the weight gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression ofβ-oxidation and stimulation ofsrebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in contributing toward steatosis in fish fedn-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CHILD MARRIAGE ON TOTAL FERTILITY: A STUDY FOR FIFTEEN COUNTRIES
Authors: Onagoruwa Adenike , Wodon Quentin
Published: November 2017

Child marriage has significant negative impacts, not only for girls, but also for a range of development outcomes. This study aimed to assess, in a more detailed way than done so far, the magnitude of the relationship between child marriage and total fertility in multiple countries representing diverse settings. Data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys in the fifteen countries of interest were used. Analysis was restricted to a subsample of women aged 35–49 years in order to capture completed fertility. Poisson regression was conducted to estimate the impact of each additional year of early marriage on the total number of births women have, controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Counterfactual analyses were carried out to estimate the reduction in the number of children that women would have over their lifetime in the absence of child marriage. Controlling for socioeconomic and other characteristics, girls who marry as children have more children over their lifetime than women marrying after the age of 18. Nationally, across fifteen countries, the reduction in total fertility from ending child marriage ranges from 0.24 to 1.06 children per woman. The simulated change in total fertility that would result from ending child marriage tends to be higher in countries that have a higher incidence of child marriage.
CD49f+mammary epithelial cells decrease in milk from dairy cows stressed by overstocking during the dry period
Authors: Baratta Mario , Miretti Silvia , Accornero Paolo , Galeati Giovanna , Formigoni Andrea , Gabai Gianfranco , Nucera Daniele , Martignani Eugenio
Published: November 2017

The work reported in this Research Communication describes the modification in epithelial cell populations during the first and the last month of milking in Holstein Friesian cows that have undergone different management during the dry period, and we report the differential expression of CD49f+and cytokeratin18+cell subpopulations. Twenty six cows were randomly divided into 2 balanced groups that were housed at stocking density of either 11 m2(CTR) or 5 m2from 21 ± 3 d before the expected calving until calving. Cells collected from milk samples taken in early lactation and late lactation were directly analysed for CD45, CD49f, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 18 and cell viability. We observed a differential expression with a significant reduction in CD49f+(P< 0·01) and cytokeratin 18+(P< 0·05) cells in early lactation. Differences were still evident in late lactation but were not significant. These observations suggest that mammary epithelial cell immunophenotypes could be associated with different animal management in the dry period and we hypothesise they may have a role as biomarkers for mammary gland function in dairy cows.
Lactobacilli-fermented cow's milk attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Musa Nurul Huda , Mani Vasudevan , Lim Siong Meng , Vidyadaran Sharmili , Abdul Majeed Abu Bakar , Ramasamy Kalavathy
Published: November 2017

Nutritional interventions are now recommended as strategies to delay Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effect (anti-inflammation) of lactic acid bacteria (either Lactobacillus fermentum LAB9 or L. casei LABPC) fermented cow's milk (CM) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial BV2 cells in vitro. The ability of CM-LAB in attenuating memory deficit in LPS-induced mice was also investigated. ICR mice were orally administered with CM-LAB for 28 d before induction of neuroinflammation by LPS. Learning and memory behaviour were assessed using the Morris Water Maze Test. Brain tissues were homogenised for measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidative, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and nitrosative stress (NO) parameters. Serum was collected for cytokine analysis. CM-LAB9 and CM-LABPC significantly (P < 0·05) decreased NO level but did not affect CD40 expression in vitro. CM-LAB attenuated LPS-induced memory deficit in mice. This was accompanied by significant (P < 0·05) increment of antioxidants (SOD, GSH, GPx) and reduction of MDA, AChE and also pro-inflammatory cytokines. Unfermented cow's milk (UCM) yielded greater cytokine lowering effect than CM-LAB. The present findings suggest that attenuation of LPS-induced neuroinflamation and memory deficit by CM-LAB could be mediated via anti-inflammation through inhibition of AChE and antioxidative activities.
Oxidative stress-induced inflammatory responses and effects of N-acetylcysteine in bovine mammary alveolar cells
Authors: Bae Hyojin , Jeong Chang Hee , Cheng Wei Nee , Hong Kwonho , Seo Han Geuk , Han Sung Gu
Published: November 2017

Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the udder, results in reduced milk production and poor milk quality. Mastitis is usually, but not always, a response to pathogen infection. High milk yield can produce oxidative stress in the mammary tissue. High milk yield is also known to be associated with bovine mastitis. Thus, in the current study, we hypothesised that oxidative stress increases inflammatory responses in bovine mammary cells. To examine the hypothesis, we produced cellular oxidative stress and investigated resulting inflammatory responses in bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T). To produce oxidative stress, cells were treated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., superoxide anion)-producing agent, menadione (MD; 0–10 µm; 6 h). To ensure the ROS-induced responses, cells were pretreated with an antioxidant NAC (0–10 mm; 1 h). Results showed that MD elevated intracellular ROS levels and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a biomarker of inflammation. Pretreatment of cells with NAC attenuated MD-induced COX-2 expression by scavenging intracellular ROS and enhancing intracellular glutathione levels. MD-induced COX-2 expression was mediated by activation of extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). NAC attenuated activation of these intracellular signalling molecules. Treatment of cells with pharmacological inhibitors for ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB confirmed the association of these signalling pathways in MD-induced COX-2 expression. These results support our hypothesis that oxidative stress, which is found in high-yielding dairy cows, can produce cellular inflammation in bovine mammary alveolar cells and prevention of oxidative stress can attenuate such pathological responses. This may be relevant for cases of clinical mastitis for which no pathogen can be isolated.
Tziminema unachin. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Strongylidae: Strongylinae) parasite of Baird's tapirTapirus bairdiifrom Mexico
Authors: Güiris-Andrade D.M. , Oceguera-Figueroa A. , Osorio-Sarabia D. , Pérez-Escobar M.E. , Nieto-López M.G. , Rojas-Hernández N.M. , García-Prieto L.
Published: November 2017

A new genus and species of nematode,Tziminema unachin. gen., n. sp. is described from the caecum and colon of Baird's tapirTapirus bairdii(Gill, 1865), found dead in the Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo, Chiapas State, in the Neotropical realm of Mexico.Tzimineman. gen. differs from the other nine genera included in the Strongylinae by two main characteristics: having 7–9 posteriorly directed tooth-like structures at the anterior end of the buccal capsule, and the external surface of the buccal capsule being heavily striated. Phylogenetic analyses of the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase and nuclear DNA, including a partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S and a partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 2 of the new taxon, confirmed its inclusion in Strongylinae and its rank as a new genus.
Asymptotic analysis of solitons and double layers at the acoustic speed
Authors: Olivier Carel P. , Verheest Frank , Maharaj Shimul K.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behaviour of solitons and double layers. By using the Sagdeev pseudopotential formalism, a Taylor series expansion is used to derive the asymptotic behaviour. For solitons and supersolitons that propagate faster than the acoustic speed, an exponential decay rate is derived. In contrast, for acoustic speed solitons and supersolitons, we show that the decay rate is algebraic, resulting in much fatter tails. These results can be extended to double layers. However, the double layer velocity affects only one side of the tail. The other side of the tail is affected by the multiplicity of the double layer root. All the results are illustrated by means of a case study.
Greek Dicing, Astragaloi and the ‘Euripides’ Throw
Authors: Kidd Stephen E.
Published: November 2017

Greeks, unlike Romans, gambled with five not four knucklebones (astragaloi) in their dice games. As Pollux explains, the high number of an individual knucklebone was sometimes eight rather than six, and so when a dicer rolled ‘all eights’ they attained a sum of 40. This roll was called the ‘Euripides’. The confusion about this throw is due to a report found in Byzantine sources and attributed to Suetonius, where it is claimed that dicers of Greek antiquity used four knucklebones. Suetonius may have confused the Roman custom with the Greek one, but there are good grounds for questioning whether the report is from ‘Suetonius’ at all. Elsewhere ‘Suetonius’ reports that Greeks played with three rather than two cubic dice, but such a report cannot have been made before the seventh century AD.
Self-compression of two co-propagating laser pulse having relativistic nonlinearity in plasma
Authors: Kumar S. , Gupta P. K. , Singh R. K. , Uma R. , Sharma R. P.
Published: November 2017

The study proposes a semi-analytical model for the pulse compression of two co-propagating intense laser beams having Gaussian intensity profile in the temporal domain. The high power laser beams create the relativistic nonlinearity during propagation in plasma, which leads to the modification of the refractive index profile. The co-propagating laser beams get self- compressed by virtue of group velocity dispersion and induced nonlinearity. The induced nonlinearity in the plasma broadens the frequency spectrum of the pulse via self-phase modulation, turn to shorter the pulse duration and enhancement of laser beam intensity. The nonlinear Schrodinger equations were set up for co-propagating laser beams in plasmas and have been solved in Matlab by considering paraxial approximation. The propagation characteristics of both laser beams inside plasma are divided into three regions through the critical divider curve, which has been plotted between pulse width τ01 and laser beam power P01. Based on the preferred value of critical parameters, these regions are oscillatory compression, oscillatory broadening, and steady broadening. In findings, it is observed that the compression of the laser beam depends on the combined intensity of both beams, plasma density, and initial pulse width.
Variable admittance control of the exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation based on a novel strength metric
Authors: Taherifar Ali , Vossoughi Gholamreza , Ghafari Ali Selk
Published: November 2017

Assist-as-needed control is underlain by the aim of replacing skillful therapists with rehabilitation robots. The objective of this research was to introduce a smart assist-as-needed control system for the elderly or partially paralyzed individuals. The main function of the proposed system is to assist the patients just in the required sub phases of the motion. To ensure that a smart and compliant system is developed, the target admittance gains of the controller was adapted according to the concept of energy The admittance gains were modified so that an exoskeleton reduces interaction energy in cases wherein users have sufficient strength for task execution and maximizes the interaction energy in the required subphases. The results of simulations and an experimental investigation on a novel exoskeleton showed that the proposed adaptive admittance control improves performance to a level substantially higher than that achieved with constant impedance control.