bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First and second trimester ultrasound in pregnancy: A systematic review and metasynthesis of the views and experiences of pregnant women, partners, and health workers
Authors: Moncrieff Gill , Finlayson Kenneth , Cordey Sarah , McCrimmon Rebekah , Harris Catherine , Barreix Maria , Tunçalp Özge , Downe Soo
Published: December 2021

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends one ultrasound scan before 24 weeks gestation as part of routine antenatal care (WHO 2016). We explored influences on provision and uptake through views and experiences of pregnant women, partners, and health workers.

Methods

We undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021230926). We derived summaries of findings and overarching themes using metasynthesis methods. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocIndex, LILACS, and AIM (Nov 25th 2020) for qualitative studies reporting views and experiences of routine ultrasound provision to 24 weeks gestation, with no language or date restriction. After quality assessment, data were logged and analysed in Excel. We assessed confidence in the findings using Grade-CERQual.

Findings

From 7076 hits, we included 80 papers (1994–2020, 23 countries, 16 LICs/MICs, over 1500 participants). We identified 17 review findings, (moderate or high confidence: 14/17), and four themes: sociocultural influences and expectations; the power of visual technology; joy and devastation: consequences of ultrasound findings; the significance of relationship in the ultrasound encounter. Providing or receiving ultrasound was positive for most, reportedly increasing parental-fetal engagement. However, abnormal findings were often shocking. Some reported changing future reproductive decisions after equivocal results, even when the eventual diagnosis was positive. Attitudes and behaviours of sonographers influenced service user experience. Ultrasound providers expressed concern about making mistakes, recognising their need for education, training, and adequate time with women. Ultrasound sex determination influenced female feticide in some contexts, in others, termination was not socially acceptable. Overuse was noted to reduce clinical antenatal skills as well as the use and uptake of other forms of antenatal care. These factors influenced utility and equity of ultrasound in some settings.

Conclusion

Though antenatal ultrasound was largely seen as positive, long-term adverse psychological and reproductive consequences were reported for some. Gender inequity may be reinforced by female feticide following ultrasound in some contexts. Provider attitudes and behaviours, time to engage fully with service users, social norms, access to follow up, and the potential for overuse all need to be considered.
Bayesian inference of local government audit outcomes
Authors: Mongwe Wilson Tsakane , Mbuvha Rendani , Marwala Tshilidzi
Published: December 2021

The scandals in publicly listed companies have highlighted the large losses that can result from financial statement fraud and weak corporate governance. Machine learning techniques have been applied to automatically detect financial statement fraud with great success. This work presents the first application of a Bayesian inference approach to the problem of predicting the audit outcomes of financial statements of local government entities using financial ratios. Bayesian logistic regression (BLR) with automatic relevance determination (BLR-ARD) is applied to predict audit outcomes. The benefit of using BLR-ARD, instead of BLR without ARD, is that it allows one to automatically determine which input features are the most relevant for the task at hand, which is a critical aspect to consider when designing decision support systems. This work presents the first implementation of BLR-ARD trained with Separable Shadow Hamiltonian Hybrid Monte Carlo, No-U-Turn sampler, Metropolis Adjusted Langevin Algorithm and Metropolis-Hasting algorithms. Unlike the Gibbs sampling procedure that is typically employed in sampling from ARD models, in this work we jointly sample the parameters and the hyperparameters by putting a log normal prior on the hyperparameters. The analysis also shows that the repairs and maintenance as a percentage of total assets ratio, current ratio, debt to total operating revenue, net operating surplus margin and capital cost to total operating expenditure ratio are the important features when predicting local government audit outcomes using financial ratios. These results could be of use for auditors as focusing on these ratios could potentially speed up the detection of fraudulent behaviour in municipal entities, and improve the speed and quality of the overall audit.
Almanaque (1959-1961)
Authors: Victorino José Guilherme
Published: December 2021

Publicação de características ímpares em Portugal, surgida num período conturbado do salazarismo, a efémera revista Almanaque, apesar de tolerada pelo aparelho censório, não deixou de correr riscos em resultado de determinados conteúdos, jornalistas e outras personalidades que nela colaboraram. Com um pendor oposicionista, tendencialmente escamoteado, mas regular, por vezes bem evidenciado, Almanaque recorreu essencialmente ao humor, como arma de crítica social e política. Para lá dos estudos académicos já existentes, abordando essencialmente a sua componente gráfica, outras dominantes editoriais que caracterizaram esta revista estão ainda por aprofundar, vide na sua correlação com outros media da época, um dos objetivos para os quais este artigo pretende contribuir.
A limitada Percepção de Heidegger sobre a Caverna de Platão
Authors: Mendonça Pessoa de Melo Laila , Coutinho Carlos Luciano Silva
Published: December 2021

A teoria heideggeriana movimenta-se em oposição às teorias platônicas e, de uma maneira geral, ao platonismo, desde seu princípio. Mostra-se válida a constatação de que o pensamento de Platão ocupa um importante lugar, ainda que de caráter opositor, na teoria de Heidegger, já que o objetivo norteador deste último é a superação do pensamento metafísico tradicional em direção à retomada do sentido do Ser a partir de uma ontologia de base essencialmente fenomenológica. O presente artigo, portanto, tem como intuito a reflexão acerca da interpretação e crítica de Heidegger à alegoria da Caverna de Platão, presente em A teoria platônica da verdade, com o objetivo de apresentar pontos de fragilidade na interpretação heideggeriana da alegoria, quando confrontado às nuances do pensamento do própria filósofo ateniense na alegoria, que, por sua vez, está conectada ao todo dialógico, que parece escapar à compreensão de Heidegger.
Miradas múltiples y narraciones filtradas
Authors: Gatti Riccardi Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

El artículo se propone analizar el grado de acceso a la información que el alcanza el destinatario de un texto narrativo, sobre la base del tipo de relación que se establece entre el nivel extra-textual (el del receptor) y el plano mimético, donde puede esfumarse la claridad informativa del narrador y/o manifestarse una multiplicación de los puntos de vista subjetivos. Se propone así un estudio: a) de los filtros informativos asociados a la proliferación de versiones diversificadas de los hechos en el plano textual; b) de los modelos perceptivos adoptados por los personajes de la ficción, cuyas miradas, voces y descripción de lo visto impactan en la representación que del mundo diegético se construye el lector. Objeto de análisis son dos cuentos de narradores contemporáneos: “Petrarca” (2018), del venezolano Rodrigo Blanco Calderón y “Sueño vertical” (2017) de la boliviana Magela Baudoin.
A sour taste in your mouth: consumer privileges and the socio-ecological imperatives of chocolate as pedagogy
Authors: Manteaw Bob
Published: December 2021

This article describes how I use autoethnography as a methodological approach to display the multiple layers of my consciousness as a critical global sustainability educator. I use writing to demonstrate how my reflective processes on my work with chocolate as pedagogy in schools facilitate an exploration of the philosophical and pedagogical underpinnings of what it means and what it takes to educate for sustainability and global awareness and in culturally diverse settings. My desire here is to share insights by writing, describing, examining and theorising my experiences of using chocolate as a pedagogical resource for global education and socio-ecological learning to university students. By using autoethnography, I take the position that writing is a way of knowing, as well as a method of self-discovery and analysis. My aim, therefore, is simple: to use autoethnography as a processual avenue to demonstrate how I used cocoa production in Ghana, and chocolate consumption around the world, to deepen understandings of larger issues around production and consumption, as well as the linkages between learning, society and sustainability. In doing so, I foreground my personal reflective experiences in using chocolate as a teaching resource. Those experiences are objectified as the focus of the research, and I become the subject of research.
Contabilidad social. Análisis de un académico de número
Authors: Arreghini Hugo Ricardo
Published: December 2021

El análisis de la argumentación empleada y de los procedimientos aplicables, presentados como testimonios escritos para comunicar los efectos sociales provocados por las entidades económicas, que son la opinión documentada del catedrático al que se atribuye ser promotor de esas prácticas en América Latina, es el modo más adecuado para determinar el alcance y el grado relativo de asimilación que se les debería otorgar como sistema de información contable.La profundidad de los trabajos reseñados y la extensión temporal que abarcan, permiten comprobar, en este tema, la uniformidad conceptual mantenida por el prestigioso académico.Esta investigación se realiza con el objeto de mostrar el tratamiento aconsejado y la expresión que podría formularse con un informe del tipo estudiado, y probar la ineptitud que se le debería reconocer para ofrecerse como estado producido desde la Contabilidad.
Tratamento da má oclusão de Classe III assimétrica com alinhadores transparentes e elásticos intermaxilare
Authors: Bonin Fabiana , Shimizu Roberto Hideo , Caldas Waleska , Trojan Larissa
Published: December 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar de acometer uma pequena parcela da população mundial, o tratamento da má oclusão de Classe III representa um grande desafio para o ortodontista. Há várias alternativas para a correção da Classe III em pacientes adultos, tais como alinhadores transparentes e aparelho fixos, associados a mini-implantes ou elásticos intermaxilares. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo tem a finalidade de descrever o tratamento de uma paciente com alta exigência estética, que apresentava má oclusão de Classe III assimétrica, utilizando alinhadores transparentes ClearCorrect, associados a elásticos de Classe III unilaterais como recurso de ancoragem. Adicionalmente, foram coletados dados referentes aos sintomas ocorridos e à satisfação da paciente com o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Ao fim do tratamento, com duração de 10 meses, estabeleceu-se uma relação de caninos em Classe I, correção da linha média inferior e adequado alinhamento e nivelamento dentário. A paciente relatou alta satisfação com a estética do aparelho e com os resultados obtidos. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Houve uma considerável melhora da má oclusão de Classe III assimétrica, e os elásticos de Classe III mostraram-se eficazes em assegurar a ancoragem durante a distalização dos dentes posteriores inferiores do lado esquerdo. O tratamento proposto atingiu as expectativas da paciente quanto à duração e estética.
Educação e federalismo: As vicissitudes de financiamento e governança do Plano Nacional de Educação
Authors: Oliveira Weder de
Published: December 2021

Este artigo problematiza duas dimensões do Plano Nacional de Educação. A primeira abrange a instituição e funcionamento das instâncias de negociação e coordenação federativa, a regulamentação do Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE) e a atuação do Ministério da Educação (MEC) no monitoramento, avaliação e articulação do desenvolvimento do plano. A segunda refere-se à Meta 20: ampliação do investimento público em educação para 10% do PIB ao final do decênio. Buscou-se saber na pesquisa, que tomou por base avaliações realizadas pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, o Inep, o Ipea, e a Câmara dos Deputados, se essas dimensões estão sendo adequadamente desenvolvidas. Os resultados indicam que a Meta 20 é inexequível, que a atuação das instâncias de coordenação intergovernamental ainda são incipientes e que o MEC, ator central de planejamento, articulação e indução de políticas educacionais, padece de relevantes deficiências de planejamento e gestão. Como consequência da fragilidade dessas dimensões, as possibilidades de implementação bem sucedida do PNE são reduzidas. O artigo realça, também, que, sob a ótica do federalismo fiscal, das relações intergovernamentais e da governança de políticas públicas no âmbito da educação, a Constituição Federal atribuiu a um plano nacional de longo prazo, funções extremamente difíceis de acomodação num único instrumento legislativo, resultando em inevitáveis omissões e problemas que contribuem para a baixa expectativa de boa implementação, o que, contudo, não significa que avanços nas políticas educacionais não tenham ocorrido ou não estejam em curso, independentemente das deficiências dessa estratégia de planejamento federativo.
 
Palavras-chave: Federalismo. Plano Nacional de Educação. Meta 20. Sistema Nacional de Educação.
Quanto custa o direito à educação pública em condições de qualidade?
Authors: Frantz Maíra Gallotti
Published: December 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar desafios para o orçamento público e para as políticas de financiamento da Educação Básica a partir de um padrão de qualidade de referência. Toma como universo de análise a população de municípios brasileiros, os quais respondem por 59,4% das matrículas públicas. A base de dados remete ao “Relatório de orçamento necessário por ente federado” disponível no Simulador de Custo-Aluno Qualidade (SimCAQ), referente ao ano de 2019. O estudo revela a necessidade de complementação no montante de R$ 53,7 bilhões, destinados a 96,4% dos municípios para que, em atenção ao princípio constitucional da qualidade, a população de redes públicas municipais de ensino atinja um padrão mínimo abaixo do qual nenhuma escola deveria estar. Ante a aplicação de parâmetros comuns, relativos a insumos e recursos monetários, observa-se que metade dos municípios atingiriam um CAQ de até R$ 765, valor 2,5 vezes maior que o valor anual nacional mínimo por aluno fixado para 2020. A explicitação de significativa desigualdade nacional assevera a necessidade de um papel mais proeminente da União, em suas funções redistributiva e supletiva, a fim de assegurar o direito à educação em condições de qualidade para todos e para cada um dos seus titulares.
INCREASING THE OPERATION EFFICIENCY OF HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH INNER PIPE DEPOSITS
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University, Bryansk, Russian Federation, Tatarintsev V.
Published: December 2021

The article studies the effect of scale formation on the efficiency of heat exchangers, as applied to condensers of steam turbines, steam-water heaters and boilers of boiler installations. The purpose of the study is to generate recommendations on how to increase the efficiency of steam turbine units (STU) condensers. This was achieved by studying the chemical and physical properties of the inorganic depositslayer and their structure obtaining the dependencies to calculate the thermal resistance of the sediment layer on the surfaces of smooth and profiled pipes; analyzing various methods of cleaning surfaces and developing recommendations on the cleaning frequency for the capacitors. The paper also describes the results of the physicochemical analysis of inorganic salt deposition. The thermal resistance of the deposits was determined by the thickness of the scale layer and its coefficient of thermal conductivity. The layer thickness was measured with a microscope and a profilograph-profilometeron thin sections. The obtained relationship is the one between the intensity of salt deposition and the main factors determining the process: the speed of water, its average temperature and hardness, the geometry of the channel, the duration of work. Based on that it one can predict a decrease in the heat load of the heat exchanger in operation. The dependence of the influence of the temperature of the coolant and the porosity of the scale on the thermal conductivity is obtained. It is shown that in profiled pipes the scale de¬position is less intensive than in the smooth ones. With a decrease in the relative depth and roll pitch, an increase in inorganic deposits is observed. The height of the knurled ridges has a greater influence than the pitch between them. The paper presents recommendations for the calculation of the relative contamination of smooth and helical-shaped tubes. The use of profiled tubes instead of smooth ones in power plants is an effective means of increasing the efficiency of power equipment. Various methods of surface cleaning are considered. An optimization technique is proposed and a technical and economic substantiation of the frequency of cleaning of heat exchangers is carried out. Rational terms of cleaning were obtained for different calendar times of the start of operation of the heat exchanger.
DIGITAL ADJUSTMENT OF CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR ASYNCHRONOUS VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES USED IN TRANSPORTS OF CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION LINES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Loginova N. , Kodkin V. , Baldenkov A.
Published: December 2021

The article presents proposals on how to adjust the dynamics of asynchronous variable frequency drives used in production equipment. Several papers and patents show that dynamic positive feedback (DPF) on the active current of the motor stator yields significant improvement in static speed accuracy and dynamic process quality. However, analog hardware implementation of this adjustment in drives of production machines is both inefficient and cost-ineffective. This article shows how such adjustment could be implemented in industrial controllers originally designed to work with frequency converters (FC) as process parameter controllers. It further shows that this approach opens up broad opportunities to use standard hardware and software in better asynchronous drive control algorithms.
PEMBINGKAIAN BERITA KONFLIK BERSENJATA NDUGA DI TABLOIDJUBI.COM
Authors: Hutahaen Gita Sere , Lase Formas Juitan
Published: December 2021

The media has an important role as a mediator in conflict events. That role can be realized through the practice of peace journalism. Peace journalism is the ability of the media to bring conflict events toward peace. The conflict that occurred in Nduga, Papua is one of the important events mediated by the media. There are so many people who are disadvantaged if the media such as Tabloidjubi.com does not report the conflict with a peace journalism approach. This article analyzed the reporting of Tabloidjubi.com using the concept of peace journalism and the method of framing analysis on 15 news in the December 2018 edition. This study tried to see whether Tabloidjubi.com uses the perspective of peace journalism in its reporting. The results showed that Tabloidjubi.com had not applied peace journalism adequately. The news still dominates one side as a cause of conflict, namely the warring elites compared to the creation of peace initiatives. So that the role as a mediator in creating resolution, reconstruction and reconciliation has not yet been realized.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT : KAMPUNG TUNAGRAHITA MENUJU KAMPUNG MANDIRI DESA KARANGPATIHAN, PONOROGO, INDONESIA
Authors: Rosilawati Yeni , Amalia Dinar Ayu , Ishak Aswad
Published: December 2021

People with intellectual disabilities in Indonesia are vulnerable to discrimination due to lack of information on diseases, treatment, education, public access, and very limited job opportunities. Karangpatihan is a village called Kampung Tunagrahita (Mental Retardation Village) because 86 of its people are suffering from an intellectual disability. A community development program of self-help group (SHG) named Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Bangkit aims to improve the social and economic capabilities of people with intellectual disabilities in Karangpatihan Village, Ponorogo, Indonesia. The researcher applied a qualitative method in the form of a case study. Data collection techniques used in this study were an in-depth interview with the Head of Karangpatihan Village, managers of Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Bangkit, and people with intellectual disabilities involved within the program. Secondary data were obtained through the report of the SHG Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Bangkit and mass media news clipping. This research shows that community development programs are carried out through mentoring mentally retarded citizens through counseling individually and in groups using sign language. Through effective mentoring, mentally disabled people in Karangpatihan Village have life skills, therefore they are able to be independent, have jobs, creative and have income that fullfill their daily needs.
Ujaran Seksisme Yoshiro Mori: Persoalan Stereotip Gender Pada Olimpiade Tokyo
Authors: Sulatri Ni Luh Putu Ari
Published: December 2021

The head of the Tokyo Olympics, Yoshiro Mori, was criticized for making sexist remarks. He gave opinion about the Japanese Olympic Committee's goal of increasing the number of female board directors from 20% to more than 40%, Mori stated that it would affect the length of the meeting because women talking too much. Mori's sexist remarks show that patriarchy and gender equality are still a problem in Japan.  This paper examines Yoshiro Mori’s sexist remarks through a feminist approach. Data culled from newspaper reports about Mori's sexist remarks. This research is qualitative research with an interactive analysis method.  The results of the study show that Mori's sexist remarks are gender stereotypes that are concluded by essentialism. These gender stereotypes limit the role of women in the public sphere. Collective action needs to be promoted to confront sexism in society and build gender awareness.
Peran Perempuan Dalam Melestarikan Nilai-Nilai Moral Tradisional Pada Masyarakat Jepang
Authors: Sudarsih Sri
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore traditional moral values in Japanese society that are able to survive and be implemented in everyday life in the modern era. In addition, it is able to shape the distinctive character of the Japanese, including the role of women who contribute to maintaining traditional moral values. This research is a qualitative research field of philosophy with the object of formal values and the material object is the development of women's position in Japanese society. The results achieved in the study: Japanese women played an important role in the history of the struggle until Japan achieved prosperity and glory until now. This is based on the reason that Japanese women are able to maintain and preserve traditional moral values that still exist through early education in the family environment. These values can shape the character of children from an early age in the family. A family with character brings logical consequences to the life of a community with character so that it affects the culture as a whole.
Ściana Płaczu: Władysław Broniewski i Jerzy Ficowski. Interpretacja porównawcza: egzemplifikacja
Authors: Kuczyńska-Koschany Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

W artykule przypomniano reguły, jakimi rządzi się interpretacja porównawcza. Autorka odnosi się do dotychczasowych ustaleń metodologicznych i metodycznych, przede wszystkim Bożeny Chrząstowskiej, oraz stosuje przyjęte zasady w praktyce (rozszerzając pole o temat i topos). Szkic jest próbą interpretacji porównawczej dwu wierszy polskich poetów - Władysława Broniewskiego (1897-1962) i Jerzego Ficowskiego (1924-2006) – na temat jerozolimskiej Ściany Płaczu.
„Jeśli umiecie – mówcie: kim jesteście?”. O Wiedźmach w wybranych polskich inscenizacjach Makbeta
Authors: Kowalski Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Rozważania prowadzone w artykule skupiają się na postaciach Wiedźm w Makbecie Williama Szekspira oraz trzech jego inscenizacjach z pierwszej dekady XXI wieku (wyreżyserowanych przez Andrzeja Wajdę, Grzegorza Jarzynę i Maję Kleczewską). Wychodząc od niejasnego statusu postaci w samej tragedii, autor analizuje wybrane sceny ukazujące różne sposoby interpretowania ich spotkań z tytułowym bohaterem ze współczesnej perspektywy oraz sygnalizuje korzyści, jakie dydaktyka szkolna może czerpać z odwoływania się do współczesnych inscenizacji Makbeta.
Narracje podręcznikowe Profesor Bożeny Chrząstowskiej
Authors: Wróblewski Maciej
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza podręczników do nauki historii literatury autorstwa Bożeny Chrząstowskiej. Zarówno Starożytność – oświecenie(1987), jak i Literatura współczesna (1992) są przykładem łączenia tradycji strukturalistycznych z nowymi, uwzględniającymi oczekiwania i możliwości intelektualne młodego odbiorcy. Punktem wyjścia podjętych rozważań są ustalenia Chrząstowskiej na temat warunków czytania tekstu w przestrzeni edukacyjnej, które zostały przedstawione w artykule Polonistyka szkolna w procesie komunikacji literackiej z 1977 roku. Od końca lat 80. propozycje metodyczne Chrząstowskiej zmierzają w nowym kierunku, choć zarazem Profesor nie traci z pola widzenia konieczności racjonalizacji aktu lektury w szkole. Mimo że Chrząstowska wprost nie opowiadała się za modelem antropocentrycznym edukacji polonistycznej, to jej postulat odchodzenia od szkolnego encyklopedyzmu na rzecz kształcenia umiejętności czytelniczych, a w dalszej perspektywie także dokonywania przez młodego człowieka wyborów aksjologicznych, można uznać za ważny krok orientujący nauczanie w kierunku potrzeb człowiek estetycznych.
Między antropologią a tekstologią – o konstruowaniu interpretacji pisemnej w szkole
Authors: Kaniewski Jerzy
Published: December 2021

Tematem wypowiedzi jest szkolna interpretacja tekstu, zwłaszcza analiza i interpretacja utworów poetyckich w szkole średniej. Wychodzę od refleksji na temat statusu interpretacji w literaturoznawstwie i dydaktyce szkolnej, by na tym tle pokazać skomplikowane dzieje kształcenia umiejętności odbiorczych uczniów i sposobów ich sprawdzania od lat 70. ubiegłego wieku po dzień dzisiejszy. Szczególnie interesują mnie kwestie dotyczące budowania wypowiedzi interpretacyjnej, zwłaszcza umiejętność zharmonizowania czytania z pisaniem, tekstowego ujmowania własnych refleksji przez ucznia. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcam interpretacji porównawczej dwóch wierszy, przypominam tu dokonania Bożeny Chrząstowskiej i oceniam jej propozycje z perspektywy współczesnej dydaktyki.
Selected Doctrinal Arguments against the Admission of Persons of Homosexual Orientation to the Sacrament of Holy Orders
Authors: Beyga Paweł
Published: December 2021

The problem addressed in this article is what doctrinal arguments are behind the current decision of the Holy See not to admit men with a deep-seated homosexual orientation to the sacrament of Holy Orders. The problem may be solved in three stages: by showing selected contents of the documents of the Holy See in the 20th and 21st centuries, by presenting the doctrinal themes contained therein and by attempting to evaluate their reception in the light of current challenges. The author invokes the documents of the Holy See and the statements of the popes.
Sądownictwo w czasie pandemii koronawirusa
Authors: Rennert Klaus
Published: December 2021

Sądownictwo w czasie pandemii koronawirusa
Prawno-ekonomiczne ujęcie rolniczej działalności gospodarczej w świetle "Konstytucji Biznesu"
Authors: Hasińska Izabela
Published: December 2021

Artykuł obejmuje kwestie statusu rolniczej działalności gospodarczej w ujęciu ,,Konstytucji Biznesu”. Omawia przesłanki decydujące o uzyskaniu statusu przedsiębiorcy w świetle ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców (Pr.przeds.), zakres oraz kategorie wyłączeń stosowania przepisów regulujących działalność gospodarczą, w tym także charakter takich wyłączeń. Tło rozważań stanowią formułowane koncepcje działalności rolniczej. Podejmuje on próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie czy w świetle aktów prawnych zawartych w ,,Konstytucji Biznesu” działalność rolnicza może być traktowana jako działalność gospodarcza, a osoba fizyczna prowadząca gospodarstwo rolne jako przedsiębiorca. Z taką kwalifikacją łączy się kwestia stosowania ,,Konstytucji Biznesu” w działalności rolniczej. Autor stwierdza, że nowa regulacja prawna w sposób kompleksowy reguluje zagadnienia w zakresie podejmowania i prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej oraz służy przedsiębiorcom poprzez wprowadzone instrumenty prawne wsparcia rozwoju działalności gospodarczej. Definicja przedsiębiorcy zawarta w Pr.przeds. ma walor bardziej ogólny, uniwersalny. Stwierdza on, że w pewnych przypadkach ustawodawca rozszerza pojęcie działalności wytwórczej w rolnictwie na sprzedaż w pewnym stopniu przetworzonych produktów roślinnych i zwierzęcych, które uprzednio sam wytworzył. Dostrzega klasyfikację podmiotów prowadzących działalność wytwórczą w rolnictwie z uwagi na jej rozmiar oraz przedmiotowy charakter wyłączeń w zakresie takiej działalności.
Racjonalizowanie gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi na podstawie informacji o przepływach finansowych
Authors: Kotlińska Janina
Published: December 2021

Opracowanie poświęcone zostało zawartości informacyjnej zestawień prezentujących w gminach i w związkach międzygminnych przepływy finansowe z zakresu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi. Jego celem jest: 1) identyfikacja: a) zakresu władztwa opłatowego organów samorządowych w opłacie za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi, b) determinantów dochodów i wydatków związanych z gospodarką odpadami komunalnymi w gminach i związkach międzygminnych w kontekście konieczności bilansowania się systemu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi; 2) diagnoza i ocena sposobu prezentacji i struktury przepływów finansowych z zakresu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w uchwałach budżetowych i sprawozdaniach z wykonania budżetu wskazanych jednostek samorządowych – krytyczna analiza praktykowanych rozwiązań; 3) prezentacja możliwej w świetle prawa struktury omawianych przepływów, pozwalającej na racjonalizowanie działań w obszarze gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w Polsce. Od strony metodycznej w opracowaniu kluczową rolę odegrała krytyczna analiza i ocena obowiązujących regulacji prawnych oraz rozwiązań stosowanych przez jednostki samorządowe. W prowadzonych rozważaniach wykorzystano podejście diagnostyczne (opis i ocena stosowanych rozwiązań) oraz prospektywne (propozycja zmiany dotychczasowych rozwiązań).
Kulturowe uwarunkowania zachowań proinnowacyjnych. Socjalizacja i kształtowanie kapitału społecznego w korporacjach
Authors: Klimek Jordan
Published: December 2021

Współczesne uwarunkowania rzeczywistości społeczno-gospodarczej są zorientowane na efektywność realizacji celów i optymalizację procesów biznesowych. Organizacje coraz częściej poszukują sposobów wytworzenia przewagi konkurencyjnej w obszarze kultury organizacji, relacji interpersonalnych, kapitału relacyjnego itp. Zastanawiające jest zatem, czy dobrze prosperujące na rynku podmioty gospodarcze, takie jak korporacje, kształtują swoich pracowników do określonych zachowań proinnowacyjnych. Na podstawie metody ilościowej, z zastosowaniem techniki wywiadu kwestionariuszowego wspieranego telefonicznie (CATI), zrealizowano badanie na reprezentatywnej próbie 1100 mikro, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw województwa zachodniopomorskiego. Jego wyniki wskazują, że osoby z doświadczeniem zatrudnienia w korporacjach przejawiają zachowania świadczące o pomnażaniu kapitału społecznego, oparte na relacjach z podmiotami, w których byli zatrudnieni. Ponadto grupa ta wykazała się większą skłonnością do zachowań proinnowacyjnych niż pozostali. Rezultaty badań wskazują na efekt socjalizacji w korporacjach do określonego typu zachowań biznesowych. Badania stanowią także egzemplifikację koncepcji kapitału społecznego i jego konwersji do innych form.
Niemiecki proces alimentacyjny
Authors: Wudarski Arkadiusz
Published: December 2021

Artykuł omawia niemiecką monografię poświęconą prawu alimentacyjnemu Unterhaltsprozess (Eschenbruch, Wolters Kluwer 2021). Autor poszukuje wielowymiarowości alimentacji zarówno w wymiarze krajowym, jak i międzynarodowym, a ocena uwzględnia interdyscyplinarny i transgraniczny charakter tej problematyki, która łączy prawo rodzinne z prawem publicznym, socjalnym, procesowym, podatkowym, europejskim oraz prywatnym międzynarodowym. W tych ramach omówiono zakres i strukturę monografii, która nie ogranicza się do przestawienia aktualnego stanu prawnego, ale dokumentuje również ewolucję prawa alimentacyjnego, wytycza nowe kierunki rozwoju, a także zawiera propozycje zmian legislacyjnych. Autor wskazuje cechy wyróżniające ocenianą monografię od innych opracowań dostępnych na rynku podkreślając wyjątkowo szeroką analizę orzecznictwa sądów apelacyjnych. Szerszej analizie i ocenie poddano zagadnienia związane z pieczą naprzemienną, alimentacją pomałżeńską, świadczeniami socjalnymi, pozycją prawną ojca biologicznego oraz alimentacją transgraniczną. Z perspektywy prawnoporównawczej zauważono natomiast skromne odniesienia do prawa obcego, które warto poszerzyć i usystematyzować. Oceny monografii dokonano zarówno pod względem naukowym jak i praktycznym. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono przy tym na możliwość wykorzystania niemieckich regulacji i doświadczenia w polskim porządku prawnym.
Charakter prawny opłaty dodatkowej za brak odpowiedniego dokumentu przewozu
Authors: Moska Monika , Przybył Michał
Published: December 2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę wyjaśnienia charakteru prawnego opłaty dodatkowej za brak odpowiedniego dokumentu przewozu. W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy zastanawiają się nad tym, jaki ewentualnie stosunek prawny łączy przewoźnika z osobą, która wprawdzie zajęła miejsce w środku transportowym, lecz nie miała zamiaru uiszczenia należności przewozowych. Stanowi to punkt wyjścia rozważań nad bardziej ogólnymi kwestiami, takimi jak definicja oświadczenia woli. W tym kontekście autorzy krytycznie odnoszą się do najnowszego orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej dotyczącego sytuacji prawnej osoby podróżującej „na gapę”. Następnie autorzy przechodzą do tytułowej kwestii, czyli próby odpowiedzi na pytanie o charakter prawny opłaty dodatkowej. W tym celu najpierw dokonują przeglądu stanowisk prezentowanych w doktrynie, by w dalszej kolejności sformułować własne wnioski. Wskazane zagadnienie wymaga przede wszystkim doprecyzowania granic między prawem cywilnym a administracyjnym oraz zastanowienia się nad funkcją tytułowej opłaty.
Application scheme and performance analysis of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT
Authors: Yi Zhongli , Wang Fuzhai , Jin Lianjie , Zhan Yueying
Published: December 2021

In this study, we propose an application scheme of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT, and propose a 1.12 Tbit/s coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication system based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and polarization-multiplexing quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK) modulation technology. Based on optisystem software platform, the spectrum, bit error rate (BER), received power, error vector magnitude (EVM), and receiver sensitivity of the edge and middle channels of the system are analyzed. The simulation results show that the transmission rate and channel capacity of INMARSAT communication system are greatly improved by selecting the channel spacing and transmission environment reasonably.
Comparison of reduced graphene oxides synthesized chemically with different reducing agents for supercapacitors
Authors: Cui Yifan , Li Rong , Lai Liuqin , Dai Huimin , Su Siyu , Guo Naili , Zhu Xiaohong
Published: December 2021

The chemical reduction of graphene oxide is an effective method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide, having the obvious advantages of low cost and large scale applicability. Our work produced reduced graphene oxide through a simple water bath reduction approach using various reducing agents of N2H4 × H2O, NaBH4, Na2S2O3, HI, and a reference sample without reducing agent at the same reduction temperature and duration time, by which reduced graphene oxides represented as N-RGO, B-RGO, S-RGO, I-RGO, and RGO0 were fabricated. Subsequently, unbonded flexible electrodes based on carbon cloth were fabricated with the reduced graphene oxides mentioned above, whereupon the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were characterized. The electrochemical results indicate that the order of specific capacitances is N-RGO > B-RGO > S-RGO > RGO0 > I-RGO, while I-RGO’s potential window is wider than that of the others. As a result, N-RGO displays the best electrochemical performance among all reduced graphene oxides, with a specific capacitance as high as 176.0 F × g-1 and 77.8 % of the initial specific capacitance maintained at a high current density of 20 A × g-1.
Halogen bonds in the crystal structure of 4,3′:5′,4″-terpyridine — 1,3-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1/1), C21H11F4I2N3
Authors: Wang Weizhou
Published: December 2021

C21H11F4I2N3, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 11.0042(4) Å, b = 20.6209(5) Å, c = 9.2371(3) Å, V = 2096.05(11) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0556, T = 293(2) K.
New Screen Economies and Viewing Paradigms: The Ethics of Representation in Delhi Crime
Authors: Benjamin Benita Acca
Published: December 2021

The new technologies of television viewership following the digital turn have introduced new anxieties and possibilities. While new screen cultures facilitate a transnational viewership, the importance of ethically and morally grounded representations cannot be overstated. In this context, Delhi Crime, the Emmy award-winning Indian series based on the Delhi gang rape and murder of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi, will be instrumental in informing the ethico-political concerns that ought to be prioritized while representing the subaltern subject and the novel socialites fashioned through the new viewership patterns. This article attempts to understand the way in which the emerging screen economies provide new terrains for ethical representation and engendering digital publics. Thus, this article is interested in understanding the intersection of media ecologies and ethico-political concerns to introduce new dialectical possibilities.
Development of a Test Method to Measure the Migration of Intervertebral Body Fusion Devices
Authors: Ribeiro Kevin Mauricio Menon , da Rosa Edison , Santos Arthur Paiva Grimaldi , Roesler Carlos Rodrigo de Mello
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new benchtop test method to measure the potential migration of intervertebral body fusion devices (IBFDs) of different designs. Methods: A new benchtop test method was proposed to evaluate the migration resistance of intervertebral cages under cyclic loads, which is based on movements and flexion-extension loads experienced by the lumbar spine. The IBFD migration behavior under four test setups was investigated by controlled replicates of the test combining two loading configurations and two foam block densities for the bone substitute material. Additionally, the use of two distinct displacement measurement systems, one optical (OptiTrack) and another involving contact (linear variable differential transformer [LVDT]), was evaluated to measure the posterior-anterior movement of the IBFD during testing. Results: The results obtained by applying the new benchtop method indicate that the different test setups can influence the direction and magnitude of the resulting migration of the intervertebral cages, while the two measurement systems provided similar results. Conclusions: The proposed benchtop methodology is able to perform evaluation of IBFD. The use of foam block grade 15 and a test setup with eccentric anterior positioning results in migrations measurable using LVDT or OptiTrack, allowing comparisons between different IBFD designs. The method could be improved to more accurately mimic the movements that cause the migration of IBFD.
Ecological value of different vegetated strip types in providing valuable insect-rich habitats for grey partridge chicks
Authors: Volpato A. , Moran J.
Published: December 2021

The intensification and specialisation of agriculture has contributed to farmland wildlife decline, including farmland birds. Grey partridge is a farmland species which has experienced a significant decline across Europe in recent decades. Chick survival rate is a key determinant of grey partridge population change and depends essentially on the availability of insect food. In this study, ground-dwelling and canopy-dwelling insects were collected using pitfall trapping and sweep netting methodologies, respectively, on different strip types in an area established for the conservation of grey partridge. The aim was to further our understanding of the value of different vegetated strip types in providing insect-rich habitats for grey partridge chicks. Overall, wildflower strip (WS) provided the greatest insect abundance. Significantly more ground-dwelling insects were found on WS, natural regeneration (NS) and leguminous strips (LS) than on grass strip (GS). Canopy-dwelling insects were also significantly more abundant on WS compared to all other strip types. This study highlights that WSs may represent important habitats in providing insect-rich food for grey partridge chicks and sowing these strips may therefore play a key role in decreasing chick mortality and supporting grey partridge conservation. It also demonstrates that other different vegetated strip types may still provide strip-specific insect taxa, in addition to other valuable resources. This study recommends a complex mosaic of different strip types to provide key resources for grey partridge, such as insect and plant food, nesting habitats and overwinter cover.
Presynaptic Mitochondrial Volume and Packing Density Scale with Presynaptic Power Demand
Authors: Justs Karlis A. , Lu Zhongmin , Chouhan Amit K. , Borycz Jolanta A. , Lu Zhiyuan , Meinertzhagen Ian A. , Macleod Gregory T.
Published: December 2021

Stable neural function requires an energy supply that can meet the intense episodic power demands of neuronal activity. Neurons have presumably optimized the volume of their bioenergetic machinery to ensure these power demands are met, but the relationship between presynaptic power demands and the volume available to the bioenergetic machinery has never been quantified. Here, we estimated the power demands of six motor nerve terminals in femaleDrosophilalarvae through direct measurements of neurotransmitter release and Ca2+entry, and via theoretical estimates of Na+entry and power demands at rest. Electron microscopy revealed that terminals with the highest power demands contained the greatest volume of mitochondria, indicating that mitochondria are allocated according to presynaptic power demands. In addition, terminals with the greatest power demand-to-volume ratio (∼66 nmol·min−1·µl−1) harbor the largest mitochondria packed at the greatest density. If we assume sequential and complete oxidation of glucose by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, then these mitochondria are required to produce ATP at a rate of 52 nmol·min−1·µl−1at rest, rising to 963 during activity. Glycolysis would contribute ATP at 0.24 nmol·min−1·µl−1of cytosol at rest, rising to 4.36 during activity. These data provide a quantitative framework for presynaptic bioenergeticsin situ, and reveal that, beyond an immediate capacity to accelerate ATP output from glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, over longer time periods presynaptic terminals optimize mitochondrial volume and density to meet power demand.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe remarkable energy demands of the brain are supported by the complete oxidation of its fuel but debate continues regarding a division of labor between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation across different cell types. Here, we exploit the neuromuscular synapse, a model for studying neurophysiology, to elucidate fundamental aspects of neuronal energy metabolism that ultimately constrain rates of neural processing. We quantified energy production rates required to sustain activity at individual nerve terminals and compared these with the volume capable of oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria) and glycolysis (cytosol). We find strong support for oxidative phosphorylation playing a primary role in presynaptic terminals and provide the firstin vivoestimates of energy production rates per unit volume of presynaptic mitochondria and cytosol.
Multiplicity of historical memory models in Ukrainian society
Authors: Sudyn Danylo
Published: December 2021

Regarding the Soviet past, idea of the dichotomous nature of Ukrainian historical memory is widespread both in society and in academia. According to it, two models of memory are widespread in Ukrainian society — the Ukrainian national memory and the Soviet one as the opposed to it. The article shows that this view is simplified. The Ukrainian national and Soviet models of memory are not a dichotomy but a continuum. Based on the analysis of sociological surveys, a number of versions have been identified within each of the memory models. In particular, within the Ukrainian national model there are such versions as: “resistance”, “realitistic”, “post-Soviet”. The difference between them lies in the attitude towards the Soviet past. In the “resistance” version the Soviet past is completely rejected, in the “realitistic” version it is perceived as an integral part of the Ukrainian past, and in the “post-Soviet” version there is a mechanistic combination of Soviet and Ukrainian national narratives, with an emphasis on the Ukrainian component. Within the Soviet model there are such versions as: “Ukrainian”, “fraternal peoples”, and “reunification”. The criterion for distinguishing them is the attitude to the Ukrainian historical narrative. In the case of the “Ukrainian” version, there is a combination of Soviet and Ukrainian narratives, but with an emphasis on the Soviet component. In the “fraternal peoples’” version the Ukrainian identity is seen as equal to the Russian one and as the ”reunification”. And in the “reunification” version Ukrainian identity is seen as a part of supranational identity. Also four types of historical memory are distinguished by the criterion of combining models within individual consciousness. Two of them are “pure” — Ukrainian national and Soviet-imperial, and two are “mixed” — ambivalent, where two models are combined, and indefinite, where none of the memory models is important to individuals. The article also analyzes the regional prevalence of both memory models and types.