bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Maps and More : Extending Location-Based Services with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Rinner Claus
Published: May 2021

Maps are often used as decision support tools in both, desktop geographic information systems (GIS) and mobile GIS environments. The decision support capabilities of current location-based services (LBS) are limited to navigation support and database querying with no analytic evaluation of the attractiveness of alternative destinations being offered. This chapter demonstrates how LBS can be extended with specific decision support functionality, namely multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). MCDA was recently transferred to the mobile GIS platform illustrating how LBS user preferences can be represented by the parameters in a MCDA method and will lead to personalized decision outcomes. An extension to a collaborative crisis management scenario is proposed, in which mobile decision-makers have MCDA tools at hand to help them make more informed choices. This chapter describes the scenario and derives a client/server architecture as well as the user interface and map design for a mobile decision support system for emergency response.
Sonar: empire, media and the politics of underground sound
Authors: Shiga John
Published: May 2021

This article traces the development of acoustic navigation media, or “sonar,” in the first half of the twentieth century, focusing on the relationships forged between underwater sound, electric media, and new techniques of listening. The central argument is that sonar shaped, and was shaped by, the expansion of warfare and capital underwater, and that this expansion came to be conceptualized by nautical organizations as dependent upon the control of underwater sound. Through analysis of key episodes in the conquest of subsea space, the author explores scientific, military, and commercial efforts to sense underwater objects and demonstrates how these efforts helped reconceptualize oceanic water as a component of undersea acoustic media and led to the material reorganization of the ocean’s acoustic field.

Cet article retrace le développement de médias acoustiques de navigation ou <> dans la première moitié du vingtième siècle en mettant l’accent sur les rapports créés entre les sons sous-marins, les médias électriques et les nouvelles techniques d’écoute. L’argument central de l’article est qu’il y a eu une influence réciproque entre le sonar et l’expansion sous-marine de la guerre et du capital, et que les organisations nautiques ont commencé à concevoir cette expansion comme nécessitant le contrôle des sons sous-marins. Au moyen d’une analyse d’épisodes clés dans la conquête de l’espace sous-marin, l’auteur explore les efforts scientifiques, militaires et commerciaux pour repérer les objets sous l’eau et démontre comment ces efforts ont aidé à réaliser une nouvelle conception de l’eau océanique comme composante des médias acoustiques sous-marins, menant à une réorganisation matérielle du champ acoustique de l’océan.
Assessing sustainable development across Moldova using household and property composition indicators
Authors: Shaker Richard Ross , Sirodoev Igor G.
Published: May 2021

Societies are committing themselves to sustainable development by attempting to improve environmental quality, social equity, and economic welfare. As such, there continues a plea for holistic development assessment across scales; however there remains no ideal technique for achieving sustainability on neither regional nor local scale. This paper approaches this problem by constructing a multi-metric assessment system for evaluating development patterns across the Republic of Moldova. The objectives of this study were: (1) to produce a local multi-metric index that captures the three major dimensions of sustainable development for Moldova; (2) to quantitatively evaluate the interrelatedness of sub-metrics used for creating the local composite index of sustainable development; and (3) to visualize and interpret spatial patterns of sustainable development across Moldova. A local sustainable development index (LSDI) was produced using household and property composition indicators from a 2005 demographic and health survey for the Republic of Moldova. Total sample size and aggregated spatial reference was 11,066 households and 399 geographic locations, respectively. The LSDI used a 15 submetric optimum, equal weighting, 1e5 ordinal scale standardization, and additive construction. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis was used to evaluate sub-metric quantitative relationships, and local Moran's I-test to interpret geographic patterns of sustainable development. Results revealed that a wealth sub-index had greatest collinearity with other sub-metrics. Geographically, Moldova's improved sustainability levels were found in large urban areas, suggesting needed prioritization of development resources to the hinterland. For regional sustainable development assessments, this approach provides the transferability to other locally referenced datasets throughout the world.
Private sponsorship in refugee admission: Standard in Canada, trend in Germany?
Authors: Pohlmann Vanessa , Schwiertz Helge
Published: May 2021

[Introduction] In Germany, a new program for refugee resettlement with the involvement of private actors is currently being tested.1,2 The controversially discussed pilot project points to a trend towards privatizing refugee reception policies – a model that was established in Canada more than 40 years ago and is a central pillar of its refugee policy. In this article, we compare programs of public-private cooperation in Germany and Canada and examine the relationship between the state and civil society with regard to these active refugee reception policies: In what ways is private sponsorship taking on tasks in the field of refugee policy that generally fall within the scope of state responsibility? And can the Canadian model be a prototype for German refugee policies?
Controlled electrospray generation of non-spherical alginate microparticles
Authors: Jeyhani Morteza , Mak Sze Yi , Sammut Stephen , Shum Ho Cheung , Hwang Dae Kun , Tsai Scott
Published: May 2021

Electrospraying is a technique used to generate microparticles in a high throughput manner. For biomedical applications, a biocompatible electrosprayed material is often desirable. Using polymers, such as alginate hydrogels, makes it possible to create biocompatible and biodegradable microparticles that can be used for cell encapsulation, to be employed as drug carriers, and for use in 3D cell culturing. Evidence in the literature suggests that the morphology of the biocompatible microparticles is relevant in controlling the dynamics of the microparticles in drug delivery and 3D cell culturing applications. Yet, most electrospray-based techniques only form spherical microparticles, and there is currently no widely adopted technique for producing non-spherical microparticles at a high throughput. Here, we demonstrate the generation of non-spherical biocompatible alginate microparticles by electrospraying, and control the shape of the microparticles by varying experimental parameters such as chemical concentration and the distance between the electrospray tip and the particle-solidification bath. Importantly, we show that these changes to the experimental setup enable the synthesis of different shaped particles, and the systematic change in parameters, such as chemical concentration, result in monotonic changes to the particle aspect ratio. We expect that these results will find utility in many biomedical applications that require biocompatible microparticles of specific shapes.
An Analysis of Canadians’ Scope of Internet Usage
Authors: Middleton Catherine A. , Leith Jordan
Published: May 2021

Presentation to the 2008 Statistics Canada Socio-economic Conference, Ottawa, May 2008.
Visualization of Apoptotic Cells using Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and High Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Czarnota GJ , Kolios Michael C. , Weiss EC , Lemor R.
Published: May 2021

The
goal of this project is to investigate changes in the acoustical
properties of cells undergoing cell death for the development of a method for tissue apoptosis detection using high
frequency ultrasound (10-60
MHz). A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) was used for visualization of individual
cells undergoing apoptosis (SASAM, Fraunhofer IBMT,
Germany). The use of the SAM offers high resolution (1 μm spot size)
and therefore enables the exploration of acoustical properties of
the cell nucleus. Cells were labeled with H33342 and DIOC 3(5)
for visualizing condensed chromatin and membranes in fluorescence
microscopy. In addition the same cell lines interrogated microscopically were investigated
using high frequency ultrasound. Recorded radio frequency (rf) data were analyzed using ultrasound spectroscopy. Integrated
backscatter coefficients and attenuation values were computed
for two cell lines:
HeLa and MDCK. Both cell lines
responded to the applied chemotherapeutic agent by apoptosis, assessed
by fluorescence microscopy.
Acoustical and optical microscopy using the SASAM system
clearly enabled a differentiation between
apoptotic cells and cells not responding to the treatment. Apoptotic cells displayed a higher contrast
in the acoustic images and were less regular in shape. Optical
images of the same cells showed nuclear condensation and membrane disruption. Spectral
parameters estimated from rf ultrasound showed a 100% increase
in the integrated backscatter coefficients for HeLa
and MDCK. Attenuation values were increased by 50% to 70%
for both cell lines as a function of treatment time. The results
of this investigation provide a better understanding of
changes in the acoustical properties of cells with cell death and
thus to the development of a non-invasive method for measuring
the treatment response of tumors using acoustic waves.
Empirical Issues in Lifetime Poverty Measurement
Authors: Hoy Michael , Thompson Brennan Scott , Zheng Buhong
Published: May 2021

Empirical Issues in Lifetime Poverty Measurement
Addressing diversity and gender issues in a cornerstone design course
Authors: Nicholson Sarah R. , Neumann Patrick , Stewart Mary F.(Frankie) , Salustri Filippo
Published: May 2021

In the cornerstone engineering design course for Mechanical and Industrial Engineering undergraduates at Ryerson University, students’ design approaches were being negatively affected by gender and other biases. Therefore, the course was modified to encourage students to explore these biases, with an initial emphasis on gender so that they may design with a fuller sense of women’s issues. This novel endeavour aimed to change the course’s culture via awareness, and by connecting equity, diversity, and inclusion to an engineering context. Qualitative analysis of student reports before and after these modifications showed that the intervention led to user groups that more closely matched actual demographics and included a higher number of women, LGBTQ, and elderly Personas than before. Furthermore, the qualitative descriptions showed less of a skewed tendency to attribute positive characteristics to men and negative characteristics to women after the course modifications were implemented. Student surveys indicated that there was a potential cultural shift within the course, and a broadening of student focus to include equity, diversity, and inclusion when undertaking an engineering design project.
Community Support for Newcomer Families: A Literature Review
Authors: Maharaj Skylar , Wang Shuguang
Published: May 2021

As part of a larger study titled “Integration Trajectories of Immigrant Families”, this literature review looked at who provides support for newcomer settlement and integration, and how they are funded. The reviewed studies assessed why support was important, whether the existing supports were sufficient, and what else could be done. Beyond formal and informal support specific to newcomer integration, housing and health were identified as two areas of critical need and as important points of comparison with non-immigrant Canadians. Common across the paper’s three sections on settlement supports, housing, and health were the grey areas pertaining to the service mandates of programs and departments; the coping mechanisms that newcomers and their allies develop to make integration happen; and the barriers to accessing services that include discrimination and differential incorporation. It is recommended that future studies should focus on how different migration pathways affect housing and healthcare needs. They should ask how communities can tailor support to the diverse needs of families, consider how informal community support is leveraged by the government, and examine the ways in which established immigrants facilitate the orientation and integration of more recent newcomer families.
Representations of Labour Migration in Guatemalan and American Media
Authors: Bauder Harald , Gilbert Genevieve
Published: May 2021

International migration is an inseparable component of economic ‘globalization’. It constitutes an important source of labour for industrialized economies, while developing countries increasingly depend on remittances sent by migrants. In this paper, we investigate media representations of the international migration process at both places of origin and destination. At the source, the Guatemalan media often acknowledges the influence of global economic relations on the migration process. Conversely, at the destination, the Los Angeles media often denies these relations and instead focuses on national and local scales of representation. In our interpretation, scale-particular representations work together to rationalize the departure of migrants from Guatemala and to legitimate their subordination in the United States. These media representations are a contributing factor to an international system of labour regulation.
What are Chinese immigrant parents' concerns with their children's education?
Authors: Zhou George
Published: May 2021

This study investigated teachers’ experiences of communicating with Chinese immigrant parents. Twenty teachers were recruited for interviews from local schools that had a large enrollment of Chinese immigrant students. Participating teachers reported that Chinese immigrant parents often expect high marks from their children and want to know their child’s ranking in the class. These parents also place pressure on children to achieve parentally-established goals. Participating teachers view a well-rounded education as the purpose of schooling, rather than high marks. They were frustrated by parents’ concern over children’s class ranking, and the parental focus on children’s perceived weaknesses. Teachers also reported that Chinese parents should ease the pressure they place on children, suggesting that parents should encourage children to participate in extra-curricular activities. They also suggested that Chinese parents should be more sensitive to their children’s preferences.

Key words: Chinese immigrant parents, teacher-parent communication, culture, parental involvement
Digital Commons @ Ryerson
Authors: Cameron Brian
Published: May 2021

A presentation on the Digital Commons project at Ryerson University Libraries.
Effect of provider and patient reminders, deployment of nurse practitioners, and financial incentives on cervical and breast cancer screening rates
Authors: Kaczorowski Janusz , Hearps Stephen JC , Lohfeld Lynne , Goeree Ron , Donald Faith , Burgess Ken , Sebaldt Rolf J
Published: May 2021

Objective : To evaluate the effect of the Provider and Patient
Reminders in Ontario: Multi-Strategy Prevention Tools (P-PROMPT) reminder and
recall system and pay-for-performance incentives on the delivery rates of
cervical and breast cancer screening in primary care practices in Ontario, with
or without deployment of nurse practitioners (NPs).

Design : Before-and-after comparisons of the time-appropriate
delivery rates of cervical and breast cancer screening using the automated and
NP–augmented strategies of the P-PROMPT reminder and recall system.

Setting : Southwestern Ontario.

Participants : A total of 232 physicians from 24 primary care
network or family health network groups across 110 different sites eligible for
pay-for-performance incentives.

Interventions : The P-PROMPT project combined
pay-for-performance incentives with provider and patient reminders and
deployment of NPs to enhance the delivery of preventive care services.

Main outcome measures : The mean delivery rates at the
practice level of time-appropriate mammograms and Papanicolaou tests completed
within the previous 30 months.

Results : Before-and-after comparisons of time-appropriate
delivery rates (<30 months) of cancer screening showed the rates of Pap tests and mammograms for eligible women significantly increased over a 1-year period by 6.3% (P ><
.001) and 5.3% (P < .001), respectively. The NP-augmented strategy achieved
comparable rate increases to the automated strategy alone in the delivery rates
of both services.

Conclusion : The use of provider and patient reminders and
pay-forperformance incentives resulted in increases in the uptake of Pap tests
and mammograms among eligible primary care patients over a 1-year period in
family practices in Ontario.
The Intersection of place and ethnic entrepreneurship: the role of ethnic entrepreneurs in the making of three Toronto neighbourhoods
Authors: Zhuang Zhixi Cecilia
Published: May 2021

Ethnic retail neighbourhoods in the Toronto area are not only indicators of Canada’s ethnocultural diversity, but also important social places where ethnic businesses have made longlasting physical impressions on urban landscapes. This paper aims to investigate the social, economic, and physical processes of the making of ethnic retail places and the role of ethnic entrepreneurs in these processes. It explores three ethnic retail strips in Toronto’s inner city targeting the Chinese, South Asian, and Italian business communities. Key informant interviews, shopper intercept surveys, and field observations were conducted. The findings reveal profound inter-group differences, and demonstrate that ethnic entrepreneurs are the driving force behind the social, economic, and physical processes of neighbourhood transformation. These findings will help bridge research gaps associated with the spatial and physical aspects of ethnic entrepreneurship and offer empirical knowledge for municipalities.
Development of a Polymer Extrusion System to Manufacture Recycled Bioplastic Composites for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kalman Jordan J. W.
Published: May 2021

The research validates the use of recycled end-of-life wind turbine blade fiberglass to improve the mechanical strength of a thermoplastic in collaboration with McGill University. The critical fiber length glass fibers from wind turbine blades are reclaimed through a mechanical grinding process, incorporated with polylactic acid (PLA) in a twin-screw extruder to produce composite pellets and manufactured into filament via a single-screw extrusion system. This filament is used as feedstock for standard fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers to manufacture ASTM standard tensile specimens: D638-14. Reinforced thermoplastic filaments with varying fiber content ranging from 3%-10% are manufactured using this process. It was found that the long fiber reinforced PLA provided a 20% increase in tensile strength and a 28% increase in the stiffness compared to the pure PLA specimens. The increased strength and stiffness can allow the material to be used in smaller quantities when replacing a given thermoplastic material. This material could be beneficial for both rapid prototyping and application-specific products. In addition to the issues faced with the waste management of wind turbines, so too is the textile waste caused by the improper disposal of clothing. To address the issues faced with improper disposal of clothing, a material characterization method for analyzing the draping behaviour of flexible 3D printed textiles was initiated. Pairing an extrusion system with 3D printing allows for the most rapid development of both a specialized material and engineering solution. Looking to the future of the textile industry, it is crucial that sustainable recycling and manufacturing processes are used to create a better future for the generations to come.

Keywords: Sustainability, Recycling, The Wind Energy Industry, Wind Turbine Blades, Lifecycle Analysis, Circular Economy, 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Bioplastic, Polylactic Acid, Extrusion, Single-Screw Extruder, Fiber Reinforced Filaments, ASTM D638 Coupons.
A Journey of Her Own : A critical analysis of learning experiences among immigrant women: assessing transformative learning and women’s resilience in community-based education programs
Authors: Fursova Julia
Published: May 2021

This is a qualitative study that provides insight into the learning experiences of internationally-trained professional women from Israel, Iran, and the countries of the former USSR. The study focuses on analysing women’s transformative
learning experiences and how those experiences may impact their resilience and well-being. The findings of this research inform the development of learner-oriented community-based programs for immigrant women and provide an
opportunity for critical reflection on predominant assumptions about immigrant women. In addition, this study challenges the “deficient immigrant” approach and explores the concept of women’s empowerment in relation to cultural contexts and gender-power dynamics that influence immigrant women’s resettlement and learning.

Keywords: immigrant women’s learning, transformative learning, immigrant women’s resettlement, empowerment, resilience, critical feminist theory
The Construction of national identity in Germany: "Migration Background" as a political and scientific category
Authors: Bauder Harald
Published: May 2021

Migration has far-reaching effects on the construction of national identity. It can lead to established concepts of national identity and societal affiliation being questioned. In this working paper, it will be demonstrated on the basis of the contemporary German situation that the recognition of Germany as an immigration society does not come along with an overall recognition of migrants as equal members of society. Indeed it is still not sufficient to possess German citizenship to be accepted as a full member of society. It can be proven, that the distinction between "ordinary Germans" and "Germans with migration background" plays an important role in designating allegedly different elements of society. The paper discusses how the social sciences are involved in the process, which makes this differentiation appear plausible and acceptable.

Keywords: Germany, immigration, construction of a national identity, societal affiliation discrimination, social and scientific categories
Civic Engagement, Social Cohesion and Social Integration in Toronto,Canada
Authors: Berger Ida , Foster Mary , Meinhard Agnes
Published: May 2021

The voluntary sector has long been seen as the foundation of a healthy civil society (DeTocqueville, 1961; Leonard & Onyx, 2003). Yet, substantial growth in the last two decades in demand for voluntary sector services in Canada has been accompanied by a significant reduction in government resources supporting the sector’s activities (Browne, 1996). This confluence of demand growth and decreased governmental support has resulted in increased competition among voluntary organizations for both capital and human resources (Meinhard & Foster, 2000). Furthermore, the ethnic transformation of Canadian society has raised knowledge, policy and practical issues across all sectors, including the voluntary sector. These conditions have pushed many in the voluntary sector to reach beyond their traditional bases of support to consider hitherto untapped segments of society, and have pushed governments to rely more and more on the voluntary sector for the development of social integration. However, research on the Canadian voluntary sector, particularly with a cross-cultural lens, is a relatively new research domain, with many gaps in the knowledge base. As a starting point, Berger (2004) and Berger & Azaria (2004) have proposed, tested and supported a framework that traces the relationship between sub-group identity and volunteering, as mediated by attitudes, norms and social barriers. In this paper we extend this framework and consider the role of civic engagement in processes of social cohesion and social integration. We use the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) to investigate how engagement in the voluntary sector contributes to the development of both bonding and bridging social cohesion, and thereby, social integration.
Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series, TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management
A Graph theory approach for geovisualization of land use change: An application to Lisbon
Authors: de Noronha Vaz Eric , Aversa Joseph
Published: May 2021

Urban sprawl and growth has experienced increased concern in geographic and environmental literature. Preceding the existence of robust frameworks found in regional and urban planning, as well as urban geography and economics, the spatial properties of allocation of urban land use are still far from being completely understood. This is largely due to the underlying complexity of the change found at spatial level of urban land use, merging social, economic and natural drivers. The spatial patterns formed, and the connectivity established among the different subsets of landuse types, becomes a complex network of interactions over time, helping to shape the structure of the city. The possibility to merge the configuration of land-use with complex networks may be assessed elegantly through graph theory. Nodes and edges can become abstract representations of typologies of space and are represented into a topological space of different land use types which traditionally share common spatial boundaries. Within a regional framework, the links between adjacent and neighboring urban land use types become better understood, by means of a Kamada-Kawai algorithm. This study uses land use in Lisbon over three years, 1990, 2000 and 2006, to develop a Kamada-Kawai graph interpretation of land-use as a result of neighboring power. The rapid change witnessed in Lisbon since the nineties, as well as the availability of CORINE Land Cover data in these three time stamps, permits a reflection on anthropogenic land-use change in urban and semi-urban areas in Portugal’s capital. This paper responds to (1) the structure and connectivity of urban land use over time, demonstrating that most of the agricultural land is stressed to transform to urban, gaining a central role in future. (2) Offer a systemic approach to land-use transitions generating what we call spatial memory, where land use change is often unpredictable over space, but becomes evident in a graph theory framework, and (3) advance in the geovisual understanding of spatial phenomena in land use transitions by means of graph theory. Thus, the structure of this combined method enables urban and landscape to have a better understanding of the spatial interaction of land-use types within the city, promoting an elegant solution to rapid geovisualization for land-use management in general.  
Oil in the ether: a critical history of spectrum auctions in Canada
Authors: Taylor Gregory
Published: May 2021

This article offers a critical history of the growth of the auctioning paradigm as a method of radio spectrum assignment in Canada. It establishes the growing importance of spectrum access as a primary conduit for computer-mediated communication worldwide, and it demonstrates how the rise of auctioning fundamentally challenges the administrative model that has been used for Canadian spectrum assignment for decades. The key junctures raised in the historical development of spectrum auctions include the pioneering theoretical debates of the 1950s, the fundamental changes to telecommunications in the 1980s, and Canada’s gradual acceptance of auctioning as an assignment mechanism in the 1990s. The research is based upon historical studies and scholarly publications as well as primary documents from the Department of Communications and Industry Canada.

Cet essai propose une histoire critique de la croissance du paradigme de la vente aux enchères comme méthode d’assignation des fréquences radio au Canada. Il établit l’importance croissante de l’accès au spectre du service de radiodiffusion comme un conduit principal pour communication médiatisée par ordinateur dans le monde entier, et montre comment la montée des enchères remet fondamentalement en cause le modèle administratif qui a été utilisé pour l’attribution du spectre canadien depuis des décennies. Les moments clés soulevées dans le développement historique des enchères du spectre incluent les débats théoriques pionnières des années 1950, les changements fondamentaux dans les télécommunications 1980, et l’acceptation progressive du Canada aux enchères comme mécanisme d’assignation dans les années 1990. La recherche est basée sur des études historiques et des publications savantes, ainsi que des documents primaires du ministère de la Communication et Industrie Canada.
Analysis of Ultrasound Backscatter from Ensembles of Cells and Isolated Nuclei
Authors: Kolios Michael , Czarnota Gregory J. , Hussain Mohammed , Foster F. Stuart , Hunt John W. , Sherar Michael D.
Published: May 2021

We have previously shown that the intensity of the ultrasound backscatter from cells ensembles undergoing apoptosis increases and shifts in their normalized power spectra are detected when compared to the backscatter from non-apoptotic cells. The etiology of these changes is unknown. During apoptosis many cellular changes occur, perhaps the most striking being the condensation and subsequent fragmentation of the cell nucleus. In this set of experiments have exposed either whole Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cells or nuclei isolated from AML cells to different ionic strengths known to induce specific and reproducible cellular and nuclear changes. Ultrasound images and rf backscatter data were collected and analyzed at the different ionic strengths, and electron micrographs were made. Exposing cells to higher ionic strengths increased the ultrasound backscatter by 12 dB, but exposing the nuclei to the same experimental conditions decreased the backscatter by 23 dB. Furthermore, while the spectral slopes of the rf backscatter were similar for cells and nuclei at physiological saline, at increased concentrations the slope increased for the nuclei but decreased for the cells. The paper discusses the implications and significance of the findings. In conclusion, disruptions in cell and nuclear structure induced by exposure to strong ionic environments can greatly alter the ultrasound backscatter signal characteristics.
Microfluidic Generation of particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions
Authors: Abbasi Niki , Navi Maryam , Tsai Scott
Published: May 2021

Herein, we present a microfluidic platform that generates particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions. The water-in-water system that we use is based on an aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran (DEX). DEX droplets are formed passively, in the continuous phase of PEG and carboxylated particle suspension, at a flow focusing junction inside a microfluidic device. As DEX droplets travel downstream inside the microchannel, carboxylated particles that are in the continuous phase partition to the interface of the DEX droplets, due to their affinity to the interface of PEG and DEX. As the DEX droplets become covered with carboxylated particles, they become stabilized against coalescence. We study the coverage and stability of the emulsions, while tuning the concentration and the size of the carboxylated particles, downstream inside the reservoir of the microfluidic device. These particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions showcase good particle adsorption under shear, while being flowed through narrow microchannels. The intrinsic biocompatibility advantages of particle-stabilized water-in-water emulsions make them a good alternative to traditional particle-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions. To illustrate a biotechnological application of this platform, we show a proof-of-principle of cell encapsulation using this system, which with further development, may be used for immunoisolation of cells for transplantation purposes.
Major Provisions of Labour Contracts and their Theoretical Coherence
Authors: Christofides Louis N , Peng Amy Cheng
Published: May 2021

Theoretical work on indexation and contract duration suggests no role for the expected rate of inflation in equations explaining these variables. Yet, stand-alone or two-equation studies of indexation and contract duration often report that this variable is statistically significant. We study a wider econometric system which includes, in addition, non-contingent wage adjustment. This third, jointly dependent, variable and its nominal anchor (the expected rate of inflation) play a role in the duration and indexation decisions and offer a context within which earlier findings can be understood. In this three-equation system, the wage equation accommodates complex mechanisms through which price inflation feeds into wage adjustment both within and across contracts. The elasticity of indexation is modelled as a latent variable, supporting consideration of both the incidence and the intensity of indexation and linking consistently with the wage equation. In our results, the expected rate of inflation has no role in the duration equation and only a minor one in the elasticity of indexation equation. These findings are more consistent with received theory but they also suggest that more complex models involving all three variables and the sequence of contracts signed by a bargaining pair are needed. Also available for download here: http://ideas.repec.org/p/ces/ceswps/_1700.html
Anxiety, depression, and self-management: a systematic review
Authors: Fredericks Suzanne , Lapum Jennifer L. , Lo J.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article was to address the clinically relevant question: In the presence of anxiety and/or depression, do patients who have had heart surgery engage in self-management behaviours following hospital discharge? A systematic review of 16 studies that examined the psychological condition of patients who had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valvular replacement surgery was conducted. Moderate to severe levels of anxiety and depression exist during the first month of home recovery and appear to have an effect on performance of self-management behaviors. As the influence of patients' psychological condition is continued to be examined, it is imperative for health care providers to manage increased rates of anxiety and/or depression following heart surgery. Music and relaxation therapy are presented as evidenced based recommendations for managing anxiety and depression in patients following heart surgery.
ORCID IDs in the open knowledge era
Authors: Morgan Marina , Eichenlaub Naomi
Published: May 2021

The focus of this poster is to highlight the importance of sufficient metadata in ORCID records for the purpose of name disambiguation. In 2017 the authors counted ORCID iDs containing minimal information. They invoked RESTful API calls using Postman software and searched ORCID records created between 2012–2017 that did not include affiliation or organization name, Ringgold ID, and any work titles. A year later, they reproduced the same API calls and compared with the results achieved the year before. The results reveal that a high number of records are still minimal or orphan, thus making the name disambiguation process difficult. The authors recognize the benefit of a unique identifier that facilitates name disambiguation and remain confident that with continued work in the areas of system interoperability and technical integration, alongside continued advocacy and outreach, ORCID will grow and develop not only in number of iDs but also in metadata robustness.
Towards a Functional Hearing Test for Musicians: The Probe Tone Method
Authors: Russo Frank
Published: May 2021

The relationship between hearing outcomes in the real world and hearing thresholds obtained by pure-tone audiometry has long been recognized as weak (Davis, 1947; Hirsch, 1952).This fact presents a problem for hearing aid fitting and will continue to do so as long as people wish to use hearing in their day-to-day living. Over the last few decades, the problem has been alleviated to some extent by what have come to be known as functional hearing tests. Generally, these tests assess some aspect of real-world hearing (e.g., speech perception) under simulated real-world conditions (e.g., noisy environments). Examples of such tests include the SPIN-R (Bilger, Nuetzel, Rabinowitz, & Rzeczkowski, 1984; Kalikow, Stevens, & Elliot, 1977) and HINT tests (Nilsson, Soli, & Sullivan, 1994). In both tests, the procedure involves having the participant repeat back words presented in a background of noise. Word identification accuracy can be used to differentiate individuals who would otherwise be judged equivalent on the basis of pure-tone audiometry alone (Pichora-Fuller, Schneider, & Daneman, 1995). Thresholds obtained from pure-tone audiometry may also be
inadequate for predicting hearing outcomes in the real world of musicians.
Why We Should Use the Term Illegalized Immigrant
Authors: Bauder Harald
Published: May 2021

Introduction
The Associated Press (AP) recently announced an important change to its Stylebook: it “no longer sanctions the term ‘illegal immigrant’” (Colford, 2013; Morison, 2013). AP suggested alternative phrases, such as “person entering a country illegally” or “without legal permission” (Morison, 2013). While these phrases may be accurate, they are wordy, prompting AP’s Senior Vice President and Executive Editor, Kathleen Carroll, to project that suitable terminology will evolve “down the road” (Colford, 2013). In this Research Brief, I argue for the adoption of illegalized immigrant to fill the terminology gap.
Re-Thinking Housing: From Physical Manifestation of Colonial Planning Policy to Community-Focused Networks
Authors: McCartney Shelagh
Published: May 2021

Current housing systems and policies for First Nations communities in Canada produce a physical manifestation of ongoing colonialism: the house. Examinations of the physical community and house yield an understanding of deeply systematized imperial struggles between Indigenous communities and planning as a discipline. Indigenous families are in crisis as the housing system and Federal planning policies have not allowed for the provision of adequate nor appropriate homes. The recent independent Truth and Reconciliation Commission has begun a civic discussion, accompanied by a new federal government looking to begin a new relationship with Indigenous peoples—here we explore how planning can be a leader in this shift. The ‘contact zone’ is used as an operational lens to examine the ways discourse is used to shape the existing housing system. An interdisciplinary and global approach informs interventions in the existing housing system and policies, creating a community-driven model, and uncovering a reimagined role for the planner.
Assessment of Socio-culturally Diverse Students: Problems in Special Educational Theory and Implications for Practice
Authors: Bernhard Judith K.
Published: May 2021

  

The present socio-cultural as well as linguistic diversity of many newcomers to Canada brings important issues in special education for critical consideration. While educators have spoken of the need to consider ethnic and cultural diversity in assessment and placement decisions, there is currently a lack of criteria for distinguishing genuine learning disabilities from the normal language barriers associated with the process of second language acquisition. A critical analysis is presented of some of the core concepts on which current assessment practices are based; these include intelligence and learning disability models and some of the most common tests and test batteries used in connection with socio-culturally diverse as well as “mainstream” students. It is concluded that the assessment tools currently used rest on dubious constructs and have questionable validity. This suggests that the segregation of children labelled LD lacks a proper rationale. Because of the many problematic areas in current special educational assessment practices, new assessment/learning paradigms are needed which accept diversity as a basic assumption and employ dynamic approaches as have been derived from the Vygotskian model.
High Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Changes in Cell Structure Including Apoptosis
Authors: Baddour Ralph E. , Sherar Michael D. , Czarnota G. C. , Hunt J. W. , Taggart L. , Giles A. , Farnoud N. R. , Kolios Michael
Published: May 2021

It has been previously shown that high frequency ultrasound (20 - 100 MHz) can be used to detect cellular structure changes in tissues and cell ensembles. Using spectral analysis
methods to analyze radio-frequency data collected from in vitro and in vivo models, the changes seen during apoptotic cell death are very striking. Imaging changes in cell structure has implications in a broad range of fields, from cancer treatment monitoring to organ transplantation. However, the changes seen in the backscattered ultrasound intensity and frequency spectrum are not fully understood.
In this paper we propose and explore a model for studying how the changes in the sizes, spatial
distribution, and acoustic impedance of the
scattering sources within the
cells are related to the resulting backscattered ultrasound signal
Transnational Social Resilience in La Costa Region of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Freyer Ana Vila
Published: May 2021

This paper tells the story of how a group of fishermen became resilient in response to a community crisis in their village caused by the depletion of shrimp stocks, and how they are building transnational social resilience through the creation and operation of an Ecotourist resort to improve their lives, and insure their future well-being. Social change is taking place in some communities in the La Costa region of Chiapas, one of the most impoverished states in Mexico, where people opted to emigrate to the US and came back charged with individual and collective social remittances, and new personal narratives which have helped them and their community adapt and change while constructing transnational lives. The development of El Centro Turístico El Madresal in Ponte Duro, Chiapas, provides an informative case study in how to use the tools of social resilience conceptualization within a transnational context.
The Storytelling External Stakeholder: How Non-Profit Organizations in Supportive Housing Can Help Ensure That Externals Stakeholder Stories End in Connection
Authors: Spence Jason Dean
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the need for organizations to listen to and learn from the stories of their external stakeholders, especially in the context of supportive housing. To this end, this study builds on research conducted by the Dream Team in 2014, which was compiled to create a bill of rights for supportive housing tenants in the Greater Toronto Area. The literature describes many benefits of storytelling for organizations, but often overlooks the stories of external stakeholders in favour of leadership stories. And yet it is widely understood that it is impossible for one story or storyteller to completely capture the essence of any one organization. Ignoring the stories of external stakeholders creates an atmosphere of disconnection and is tantamount to turning a blind eye to unmet market needs. This paper proposes a framework in which a three-pronged linkage between “stakeholder engagement”, “intersectionality” (Crenshaw, 1991), and “organizational attention” (Gómez, 2015) informs an organization’s understanding of external stakeholders’ “exit” and “voice” behaviours (Hirschman, 1970)—and ultimately helps to ensure that the stories of external stakeholders end in connection. The findings of this study reveal that the subjunctive mood may typically be used to tell stories of disconnection, but more research is needed to determine this. Also, the data suggest that the biggest barrier to communication between tenants and supportive housing organizations may be the myth that people with mental illness and/or substance use issues are incompetent children who must be taken care of.
A Framework for Investigating the Value of Public Wireless Networks
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the value of deploying municipal wireless network infrastructure. By Vos's (2007c) estimate, there are more than 400 such networks, either deployed or in development in the United States. Many other wireless networks are operational, or being rolled out in cities around the world, including Toronto, London, Bologna, Singapore, Taipei and Perth. Developed by municipal governments, private providers or public-private partnerships, these networks are intended to serve the connectivity needs of local residents, tourists and business travellers.
Integrating iPads into Learning and Libraries
Authors: Eichenlaub Naomi , Gabel Laine , Jakubek Daniel , McCarthy Graham
Published: May 2021

Integrating iPads into Learning and Libraries
Transmission Ultrasound to guide Minimally Invasive Thermal Therapy
Authors: Soleimankhani Elham , Kolios Michael C.
Published: May 2021

Transmission Ultrasound to guide Minimally Invasive Thermal Therapy
Strategies for instructor protection from false and frivolous human rights complaints
Authors: Neumann W.P. , Salustri Filippo
Published: May 2021

False or frivolous human rights complaints against instructors, by students unsatisfied with their grades, have become a growing problem in some universities. These complaints and associated lengthy investigations are a form of mobbing that is harmful to instructors’ health and wellbeing.
This in turn is harmful to instructors’ families, professional relationships, the pedagogical environment and the instructors’ careers. This paper reports on a brainstorming exercise used to identify possible ideas for preventing such false claims of human rights violations. This work operates under the assumption that the institution is unwilling or unable to improve their complaint management process. The authors identified 12 viable ideas that might help reduce the probability of a student making false accusations when unsatisfied with their grades. These ideas could be clustered as “Acquiesce”, “Shift Blame”, “Interaction Monitoring”, and “Separation”. All ideas had problem associated with them. Some ideas, like separation, were consistent with current pedagogical trends in distance and asynchronous education. In the face of a lack of institutional engagement in the current problem, the only idea identified that could secure instructor safety and wellbeing was to leave the profession. Further investigation is needed.
Exploring the contradictions of mobility: a case study of BlackBerry users in Canada
Authors: Middleton Catherine A. , Scheepers Helana , Cukier Wendy
Published: May 2021

Blackberries, mobile technology with limited functionality, have been adopted rapidly by users. Few studies about the Blackberry technology explore the apparent addiction that users have for this technology. Our study explores users’ perceptions about the device and how it impacts on their day to day life. The participants of the study consist of users currently using Blackberry devices and users that chose to return their Blackberries after a short use period. The study highlights the apparent contradictions inherent in working in an environment with anytime anywhere connectivity. The study highlights the need for future research in the changes that the use of mobile devices such Blackberries has on the day to day life of users.