bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL INTOXICATION WITH CYPERMETHRIN
Authors: Chigrinsky E. A. , Konvay V. D. , Fedorov Yu. N. , Gerunova L. K. , Gerunov V. I.
Published: December 2019

The research objective was to evaluate the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands in laboratory animals in conditions of acute and chronic intoxication with cypermethrin. Studies were performed on 140 male rats of the Wistar line. To simulate an acute intoxication cypermethrin was single injected into the stomach in a dose of half of LD50 followed by observation of the animals for 30 days. In the study of chronic intoxication cypermethrin was administered to rats in a dose of 1/100 of LD50. The experiment has lasted for 120 days.

At the initial stage of the experiment the acute intoxication of rats with cypermethrin caused hyper- and then hyposecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The content of progesterone in the blood serum and adrenal tissue decreased in animals. During the first three days after the poisoning there was an increase in the concentration of corticosterone in the blood serum. To the end of the 7th day the concentration of this hormone in adrenal tissue decreased sharply and did not reach the control background after a month. Chronic intoxication with cypermethrin caused hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone for two months with the subsequent normalization of its level in the blood. The disturbance of progesterone synthesis in the adrenal glands during chronic intoxication is indicated by fluctuation of its concentration in blood 30 days after the start of the experiment. There was found high level of corticosterone in blood and adrenal glands for two months, and then it decreased to a control level. Morphological criteria for amplification and then suppression of adrenal function are the dimension of endocrine cells and their nuclei, the intensity of cell vacuolation suggesting the degree of lipids accumulation, and the severity of blood filling in the vessels of the beam and reticular zones.
58TH JOINT MEETING OF THE OECD COMMITTEE ON CHEMISTRY AND THE OECD WOKING GROUP ON CHEMISTRY, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Khamidulina Kh. Kh.
Published: December 2019

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TOXICITY OF DIOCTYLTEREPHTHALATE
Authors: Mamonov R. A. , Fedotova L. A. , Pechnikova I. A. , Potapchenko T. D.
Published: December 2019

Dioctylterephthalate is a general-purpose plasticizer, has low toxicity, and does not irritate the mucous membranes of the eye and the skin; the maximum nonlethal dose (DL0) for dioctylterephthalate after intragastric administration is set at 10,000 mg/kg. Indicative safe exposure level for dioctylterephthalate in ambient air in urban and rural settlements is recommended at 0.5 mg/m3. Substance has low acute toxicity; the maximum inactive dose is set at 4 mg/kg. The substance has low solubility in water (0.4 μg/l), does not affect the dynamics of biochemical oxygen consumption. Threshold concentration in water on organoleptic characteristic is set at 0.25 mg/l as for low hazard substances.
Cumulative Dopamine Genetic Score predicts behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of response inhibition via interactions with task demand
Authors: Enge Sören , Sach Mareike , Reif Andreas , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Miller Robert , Fleischhauer Monika
Published: December 2019

Functional genetic polymorphisms in the brain dopamine (DA) system have been suggested to underlie individual differences in response inhibition, namely the suppression of a prepotent or inappropriate action. However, findings on associations between single DA polymorphisms and inhibitory control often are mixed, partly due to their small effect sizes. In the present study, a cumulative genetic score (CGS) was used: alleles previously associated with both impulsive behavior and lower baseline DA level, precisely the DRD4 Exon III 7-repeat, DAT1 VNTR 10-repeat and the COMT 158val allele, each added a point to the DA-CGS. Participants (N = 128) completed a Go/No-Go task varying in difficulty and EEG recordings were made with focus on the NoGo-P3, an ERP that reflects inhibitory response processes. We found a higher DA-CGS (lower basal/tonic DA level) to be associated with better performance (lower %FA and more adaptive responding) in the very demanding/rapid than in the less demanding/rapid condition, whereas the reverse pattern was true for individuals with a lower DA-CGS. A similar interaction pattern of DA-CGS and task condition was found for NoGo-P3 amplitude. In line with assumptions of distinct optimum DA levels for different cognitive demands, a DA-CGS-dependent variation of tonic DA levels could have modulated the balance between cognitive stability and flexibility, thereby affecting the optimal DA level required for the specific task condition. Moreover, a task demand-dependent phasic DA release might have added to the DA-CGS-related basal/tonic DA levels, thereby additionally affecting the balance between flexibility and stability, in turn influencing performance and NoGo-P3.
Avocado: Photometric Classification of Astronomical Transients with Gaussian Process Augmentation
Authors: Boone Kyle
Published: December 2019

Upcoming astronomical surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will rely on photometric classification to identify the majority of the transients and variables that they discover. We present a set of techniques for photometric classification that can be applied even when the training set of spectroscopically confirmed objects is heavily biased toward bright, low-redshift objects. Using Gaussian process regression to model arbitrary light curves in all bands simultaneously, we “augment” the training set by generating new versions of the original light curves covering a range of redshifts and observing conditions. We train a boosted decision tree classifier on features extracted from the augmented light curves, and we show how such a classifier can be designed to produce classifications that are independent of the redshift distributions of objects in the training sample. Our classification algorithm was the best-performing among the 1094 models considered in the blinded phase of the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge, scoring 0.468 on the organizers’ logarithmic-loss metric with flat weights for all object classes in the training set, and achieving an AUC of 0.957 for classification of SNe Ia. Our results suggest that spectroscopic campaigns used for training photometric classifiers should focus on typing large numbers of well-observed, intermediate-redshift transients, instead of attempting to type a sample of transients that is directly representative of the full data set being classified. All of the algorithms described in this paper are implemented in the avocado software package (https://www.github.com/kboone/avocado).
The COS CGM Compendium. III. Metallicity and Physical Properties of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium at z ≲ 1
Authors: Lehner Nicolas , Wotta Christopher B. , Howk J. Christopher , O’Meara John M. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Cooksey Kathy L.
Published: December 2019

We characterize the metallicities and physical properties of cool, photoionized gas in a sample of 152 z ≲ 1 strong Lyα forest systems (SLFSs, absorbers with 15 < log N
H i
< 16.2). The sample is drawn from our Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) circumgalactic medium compendium (CCC), an ultraviolet survey of H i-selected circumgalactic gas around z ≲ 1 galaxies that targets 261 absorbers with 15 < log N
H i
 < 19. We show that the metallicity probability distribution function of the SLFSs at z ≲ 1 is unimodal, skewed to low metallicities with a mean and median of [X/H] = −1.47 and −1.18 dex. Very metal-poor gas with [X/H] < −1.4 represents about half of the population of absorbers with 15 < log N
H i
 ≲ 18, while it is rare at higher N
H i
. Thus, there are important reservoirs of primitive (though not pristine) diffuse ionized gas around z ≲ 1 galaxies. The photoionized gas around z ≲ 1 galaxies is highly inhomogeneous based on the wide range of metallicities observed (−3 ≲ [X/H] ≲ +0.4) and the fact that there are large metallicity variations (factors of 2 to 25) for most of the closely spaced absorbers (Δv ≲ 300 km s−1) along the same sightlines. These absorbers show a complex evolution with redshift and H i column density, and we identify subtle cosmic evolution effects that affect the interpretation of metallicity distributions and comparison with other absorber samples. We discuss the physical conditions and cosmic baryon and metal budgets of the CCC absorbers. Finally, we compare the CCC results to recent cosmological zoom simulations and explore the origins of the 15 < log N
H i
 < 19 absorbers within the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) high-resolution simulations.
High-frequency Wave Propagation Along a Spicule Observed by CLASP
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Suematsu Yoshinori , Ishikawa Ryohko , Okamoto Takenori J. , Kubo Masahito , Kano Ryouhei , Narukage Noriyuki , Bando Takamasa , Winebarger Amy R. , Kobayashi Ken , Trujillo Bueno Javier , Auchère Frédéric
Published: December 2019

The Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) sounding rocket experiment, launched in 2015 September, observed the hydrogen Lyα line (121.6 nm) in an unprecedented high temporal cadence of 0.3 s. CLASP performed sit-and-stare observations of the quiet Sun near the limb for 5 minutes with a slit perpendicular to the limb and successfully captured an off-limb spicule evolving along the slit. The Lyα line is well suited for investigating how spicules affect the corona because it is sensitive to higher temperatures than other chromospheric lines, owing to its large optical thickness. We found high-frequency oscillations of the Doppler velocity with periods of 20–50 s and low-frequency oscillation of periods of ∼240 s on the spicule. From a wavelet analysis of the time sequence data of the Doppler velocity, in the early phase of the spicule evolution, we found that waves with a period of ∼30 s and a velocity amplitude of 2–3 km s−1 propagated upward along the spicule with a phase velocity of ∼470 km s−1. In contrast, in the later phase, possible downward and standing waves with smaller velocity amplitudes were also observed. The high-frequency waves observed in the early phase of the spicule evolution would be related with the dynamics and the formation of the spicules. Our analysis enabled us to identify the upward, downward, and standing waves along the spicule and to obtain the velocity amplitude of each wave directly from the Doppler velocity for the first time. We evaluated the energy flux by the upward-propagating waves along the spicule, and discussed the impact to the coronal heating.
Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 8
Authors: Ravera Sonia , Puglisi Marta , Vizzini Alfredo , Totti Cecilia , Arosio Gabriella , Benesperi Renato , Bianchi Elisabetta , Boccardo Fabrizio , Briozzo Ian , Dagnino Davide , De Giuseppe Antonio B. , Dovana Francesco , Di Nuzzo Luca , Fascetti Simonetta , Gheza Gabriele , Giordani Paolo , Malíček Jiří , Mariotti Mauro Giorgio , Mayrhofer Helmut , Minuto Luigi , Nascimbene Juri , Nimis Pier Luigi , Martellos Stefano , Passalacqua Nicodemo G. , Pittao Elena , Potenza Giovanna , Puntillo Domenico , Rosati Leonardo , Sicoli Giovanni , Spitale Daniel , Tomaselli Valeria , Trabucco Raffaella , Turcato Claudia , Vallese Chiara , Zardini Maria
Published: December 2019

In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genusChara, the bryophyte generaHomalia,Mannia, andTortella, the fungal generaCortinarius,Russula, andStereum, and the lichen generaCetrelia,Cladonia,Enterographa,Graphis,Lecanora,Lepraria,Multiclavula,Mycomicrothelia,Parmelia,Peltigera,Pleopsidium,Psora,Scytinium,Umbilicaria, andRhizocarpon.
Performance of detection dogs and visual searches for scat detection and discrimination amongst related species with identical diets
Authors: Grimm-Seyfarth Annegret , Zarzycka Aleksandra , Nitz Teresa , Heynig Lisa , Weissheimer Nadine , Lampa Simone , Klenke Reinhard
Published: December 2019

Ecology often faces the problem that many threatened species are highly elusive but also conflict-laden. Thus, proper monitoring data are inevitable for their conservation and management. Indirect monitoring through scats is frequently used for such species, but scats of related species or species with similar diet are often visually indistinguishable. Since genetic methods for species identification are time-consuming and cost-intensive, a verification of the target species beforehand would be extremely beneficial in reducing effort to the analysis of the target species only. Such species discrimination could be provided through species-specific scat detection dogs. Therefore, we evaluated the reliability of species-specific scat detection dogs for two mustelid species feeding on identical diets: the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) and the American mink (Neovison vison), both of which are conflict-laden and increasing their populations and distribution ranges in central Europe. Their scats resemble each other in morphology and odour, exacerbating the differentiation even for experts. To evaluate whether detection dogs can reliably discriminate between related species feeding on similar diets and if their use would be beneficial, we tested their abilities against those of humans. We first proved that scat characteristics are not statistically different between species. Likewise, visual species identification through people with different experience levels was only partly successful. Experts showed higher average accuracy (0.89) than non-experts (0.72 and below), but detection dogs (4 dogs) were able to discriminate otter and mink scats under laboratory conditions with an accuracy of 0.95. Moreover, otter scat detection dogs found up to four times more scat samples in the field, were twice as fast as human searchers and found an almost equal number of scats with different characteristics, while humans mostly found older and larger scats placed on hotspots. We conclude that using detection dogs for species identity will allow subsequent laboratory analyses to be species-specific and avoid spending time and money on laboratory work of the wrong species. It also provides more precise and unbiased information about the target species.
Le bénéfice du doute ? Incertitude et gestion des effets indésirables médicamenteux
Authors: Hardy Anne-Chantal
Published: December 2019

L’évaluation des effets indésirables des médicaments constitue un des éléments clés permettant de juger de la pertinence d’une prescription médicale. Ces effets sont cependant gérés de façons différentes par les médecins et selon des logiques peu explorées. Une meilleure connaissance de ces pratiques semble pourtant essentielle à la mise en œuvre d’une pharmacovigilance efficace. L’article s’appuie sur une partie des résultats d’une recherche sociologique réalisée auprès de médecins généralistes et spécialistes en cancérologie. Il propose un modèle compréhensif des pratiques de gestion des effets indésirables médicamenteux, autour de quatre étapes clés, obtenu à l’issue d’observations et d’entretiens. À partir de ce modèle, une classification ascendante hiérarchique des résultats de l’interrogation du panel des médecins généralistes de l’ORS-URML des Pays de la Loire a dégagé une typologie des médecins qui rejoint les analyses issues en particulier des focus group . On y constate que les praticiens se distinguent d’abord par le caractère affirmé ou mesuré de leurs réponses, illustrant les effets contradictoires d’une situation reposant sur une forte incertitude.
Programme d’évaluation et d’accompagnement à la pertinence des soins au Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux : vers un modèle opérationnel de déploiement de la pertinence en établissement de santé
Authors: Saillour-Glenisson Florence , Jouhet Vianney , Berdaï Driss , Noize Pernelle , Floccia Marie , Zamaron Sophie , Chêne Geneviève , Salmi Louis-Rachid
Published: December 2019

La non-pertinence des soins est un phénomène fréquent et grave n’épargnant pas les établissements de santé en France. Alors que les expériences menées jusqu’à présent se sont soldées par des effets limités, l’enjeu pour ces structures de soins est de mettre en place des interventions qui permettent d’enclencher un cercle vertueux vis-à-vis de la pertinence des soins. Le CHU de Bordeaux a fait de la pertinence des soins une des priorités de sa politique d’établissement. S’appuyant sur des outils structurants et innovants, il met en place un programme d’évaluation et d’accompagnement à la pertinence des soins (sPREAd pertinence) en deux volets : un volet interventionnel en trois axes (priorisation d’indicateurs de pertinence des soins ; automatisation et visualisation des indicateurs priorisés ; accompagnement à des groupes d’analyse des pratiques s’appuyant sur les retours d’indicateurs automatisés) et un volet évaluatif. Cet article présente le programme sPREAd pertinence, ses fondements conceptuels et méthodologiques, et explicite les mécanismes par lesquels ses auteurs pensent qu’il aboutira à la construction d’un modèle opérationnel de déploiement de la pertinence des soins en établissement de santé.
Effect of multi-strain probiotic (UB0316) in weight management in overweight/obese adults: a 12-week double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Sudha M. Ratna , Ahire J.J. , Jayanthi N. , Tripathi A. , Nanal S.
Published: December 2019

This clinical trial was carried out to assess the effects of multi-strain probiotic capsule (UB0316: Lactobacillus salivarius UBLS-22, Lactobacillus casei UBLC-42, Lactobacillus plantarum, UBLP-40, Lactobacillus acidophilus UBLA-34, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 5×109 cfu each and fructo-oligosaccharide, 100 mg) on overweight/obesity-related parameters. Ninety subjects (age, 30-65 years; body mass index (BMI), 25-32 kg/m2) were randomised into two groups, i.e. UB0316 (probiotic) and placebo (excipient maltodextrin). They were instructed to take 2 capsules (UB0316 or placebo) per day after meals for 12 weeks. Primary (BMI), and secondary (waist-to-hip ratio: WHR; body weight, body fat; sugar and lipid profile) endpoint measures were evaluated at scheduled visits. Vital signs, physical investigations, quality of life, physician/subjects global assessment and adverse events were also recorded. A total of 71 subjects completed the scheduled study visits and analysis thereof showed that a 12-week UB0316 supplementation significantly reduced BMI (95% CI: -0.64, -0.27; P=0.0001), body weight (95% CI: -1.16, -0.50; P<0.0001), and WHR (95% CI: -0.06, -0.01; P=0.007) from the baseline, compared to placebo. Fat, blood lipid and sugar profile changes were non-significant. UB0316 significantly improved quality of life of overweight/obese individuals. Furthermore, no severe adverse events or abnormal findings were noted during vital, blood and physical examinations. In conclusion, this 12-week trial demonstrates that UB0316 is effective in reducing BMI, body weight and WHR in overweight/obese adults.
Saccharomyces boulardii Tht 500101 changes gut microbiota and ameliorates hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and liver inflammation in streptozotocin-diabetic mice
Authors: Albuquerque R.C.M.F. , Brandão A.B.P. , De Abreu I.C.M.E. , Ferreira F.G. , Santos L.B. , Moreira L.N. , Taddei C.R. , Aimbire F. , Cunha T.S.
Published: December 2019

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder resulting from chronic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, lack of insulin production and hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that streptozotocin-diabetic mice treated with Saccharomyces boulardii THT 500101 strain present improvement of glucose and triglycerides metabolism, reduction of liver inflammation concomitant with a beneficial impact in the gut microbiota profile. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Probiotic, and were euthanised 8 weeks after probiotic chronic administration. Mice submitted to treatment presented reduced glycemia in comparison with the diabetic group, which was correlated with an increase in C-peptide level and in hepatic glycogen content. Fat metabolism was significantly altered in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and S. boulardii treatment regulated it, leading to a decrease in serum triglycerides secretion, increase in hepatic triglycerides storage and modulation of inflammatory profile. The phenotypic changes seen from chronic S. boulardii treatment were found to be broadly associated with the changes in microbioma of diabetic animals, with increased proportion in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Deferribacteres, and a decreased proportion of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phylum. Thus, the data presented here show up a novel potential therapeutic role of S. boulardii for the treatment and attenuation of diabetes-induced complications.
Aportaciones a la biografía artística del corógrafo Antonio Mancelli: su producción americana
Authors: Cisneros Álvarez Pablo
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo da a conocer dos documentos del Archivo General de Indias que aportan datos a la biografía y producción artística de Mancelli.
Varias obras atribuibles al escultor sevillano Cristóbal Ramos en La Rioja
Authors: Labarga Fermín
Published: December 2019

Hasta ahora, la producción artística del escultor Cristóbal Ramos se localizaba en el entorno de Sevilla. Sin embargo, gracias a la labor de patronazgo ejercida por los emigrantes cameranos algunas piezas llegaron hasta La Rioja. Se presentan cuatro que pueden ser relacionadas con la producción del artista.
Magia y milagros de san Paulicio en Arderique (1517): el cadáver del santo, la pareja infecunda y el nacimiento heroico
Authors: Beltrán Llavador Rafael
Published: December 2019

Arderique es el título de un libro de caballerías castellano, anónimo, publicado en 1517 (Valencia, Juan Viñao). El artículo se centra en la función que desempeña en la obra un personaje, san Paulicio, cuyo auxilio se muestra decisivo en determinados momentos de la acción, empezando por el nacimiento de la heroína del relato. Se estudia el posible entronque de este Paulicio de la ficción con personajes históricos y con las vitae de santos eremitas, como san Pablo de Tebas. Y se estudian, asimismo, los motivos folclóricos que coinciden con las marcas de reconocimiento de la santidad de Paulicio: los leones rastreadores de su cadáver, las campanas tañendo solas y la carta agarrada por una mano cerrada. Los dos últimos, presentes también en la leyenda de doña Sancha de Aragón (contada por don Juan Manuel), pertenecen a la leyenda de otro santo eremita, san Alejo. Mientras que los libros de caballerías o las historias caballerescas del siglo XVI apenas aceptan santos ni milagros, en Arderique el hecho milagroso será un a priori que determine la acción de los protagonistas.
La revista Ínsula y su recepción del cambio poético entre los años 1966 y 1983
Authors: Barrajón Muñoz Jesús María
Published: December 2019

El artículo estudia la recepción que la revista Ínsula dispensa a los cambios poéticos que se dieron en España a partir de los años sesenta, sobre todo en los autores que más tarde serían conocidos como novísimos y en aquellos que, más tarde, se distanciaron de la estética de los primeros. La obra de los novísimos es acogida en las páginas de la revista, pero sin el entusiasmo que, a partir de mediados de los setenta, se evidenciará por la poética de los no novísimos, caracterizada por su continuidad respecto a la poesía de la generación del 50. A esos poetas y a los que inician la publicación de sus libros a partir de mediados de los 70 —poesía de la experiencia, neosurrealismo, poética del silencio—, la revista dedicará un mayor espacio y una valoración más positiva.
Memoria, duelo y melancolía en La lluvia amarilla, de Julio Llamazares
Authors: Llera José Antonio
Published: December 2019

Este artículo aborda una lectura en clave histórica de La lluvia amarilla de Julio Llamazares. En particular, observa el modo en que la novela deviene discurso contrahegemónico capaz de redimir la identidad individual y colectiva de los vencidos, frente a los relatos triunfantes de la guerra civil y del desarrollismo económico. Asimismo, analiza el estilo y la estructura del relato, destacando el diálogo que establece con la poesía del propio autor.
De la Venus del espejo a la desmembración del cuerpo femenino: estereotipos pictóricos femeninos en Las manos de Velázquez (2006), de Lourdes Ortiz
Authors: Tasende Mercedes
Published: December 2019

Las manos de Velázquez (2006), de Lourdes Ortiz, incluye un gran número de referentes pictóricos que se integran en la novela por medio de descripciones detalladas o de alusiones a dichos textos. El protagonista, un profesor de historia del arte experto en la pintura de Velázquez, interpreta la realidad en términos pictóricos; de ahí que recurra al repertorio iconográfico de estereotipos femeninos negativos que han estado en circulación en Occidente desde tiempos inmemoriales para proyectar su frustración y su impotencia frente a las crecientes ansias de independencia de su joven esposa, reflexionar en torno a la diferencia de edad entre ambos, corroborar las supuestas infidelidades de su mujer e incluso justificar sus propios deslices. A través de los textos pictóricos seleccionados para expresar sus estados de ánimo, el protagonista dejará constancia de sus conocimientos en materia de arte, pero también pondrá al descubierto sus prejuicios, su misoginia, sus inclinaciones pedófilas y sus fantasías eróticas.
La recepción y evolución de la imagen de Federico García Lorca en la Unión Soviética
Authors: Cheveleva Dergacheva Alexandra
Published: December 2019

La poesía de Lorca ha tenido una influencia enorme en la cultura literaria de la URSS, especialmente a partir de los años 60 a raíz del «deshielo» de Jruschov. En esta época, Lorca prácticamente personificaba toda la poesía española para la sociedad rusa y las traducciones del poeta al ruso crearon su propia corriente literaria de diálogo intercultural.
El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar dicho fenómeno a través del prisma de los cambios socioculturales en la Unión Soviética y demostrar cómo la recepción inicial de Lorca, en principio totalmente propagandística, se convierte con el paso de tiempo en una vía de inserción de las ideas que luchan contra la misma propaganda. También se estudia la aparición del «mito» durante el proceso de recepción, la tergiversación de la imagen del poeta y de los hechos de su vida vinculada con las características socioculturales del país y de la época de su recepción.
Les nouveaux mouvements constitutionnels dans le monde arabe (2011-2016)
Authors: Boumédiene Malik
Published: December 2019

Le monde arabe rencontre, depuis 2011, un certain nombre de bouleversements importants : bouleversements sociétaux ; économiques ; politiques ; constitutionnels. Ce sont ces derniers qui ont attiré, avant tout, l’attention du juriste. À travers cette étude il s’agit de tenter de mettre en lumière les grandes dynamiques constitutionnelles qui touchent un certain nombre de pays arabes. L’analyse de cette période parait montrer que deux grandes orientations semblent prédominer : La volonté de consolider les droits fondamentaux d’une part et, d’autre part, la nécessité d’assurer un meilleur équilibre entre le pouvoir exécutif et législatif. Si cette volonté est réelle il faut aussi souligner que le chemin restant à parcourir est encore important. En effet, ces dynamiques juridiques non seulement doivent être relativisées mais elles doivent faire face à des dynamiques politiques conservatrices.
L’ultrapériphéricité et les îles
Authors: Lebon Lydia
Published: December 2019

Si l’on a tendance à associer ultrapériphéricité et insularité, les deux notions ne sont pas à mettre sur un même plan à l’égard du droit de l’Union européenne : car si l’ultrapériphéricité constitue bien un statut juridique vis-à-vis du droit de l’Union, l’insularité n’en est pas un. Il existerait une différence de nature entre les deux. Mais l’ultrapériphéricité est-elle pour autant protectrice de l’insularité en tant que telle ? Il faut également se demander ce que sont les îles en dehors de ce statut. Car si l’insularité n’est pas un statut juridique à part entière, il faudra relever des velléités de prise en considération de cette caractéristique pour lui faire produire en soi des conséquences juridiques. L’analyse tente ainsi in fine d’identifier des domaines d’autonomisation de l’insularité en droit de l’Union.
O mundo do trabalho em (re)análise : um olhar a partir da psicodinâmica do trabalho
Authors: Areosa João
Published: December 2019

A organização do trabalho está diretamente relacionada com a forma como os trabalhadores percecionam os múltiplos aspetos (positivos e/ou negativos) relacionados com a sua atividade laboral. A abordagem da psicodinâmica do trabalho trata precisamente das consequências do trabalho na saúde mental dos trabalhadores, nomeadamente no prazer que suscita ou no sofrimento que produz. É por esse motivo que nos parece pertinente debater a organização do trabalho a partir da perspetiva da psicodinâmica do trabalho, a qual tem oferecido inúmeros conhecimentos sobre esta complexa realidade.
An Early Neutrophil Recruitment into the Infectious Site Is Critical for Bacterial Lipoprotein Tolerance–Afforded Protection against Microbial Sepsis
Authors: Chen Wenting , Zhao Shuqi , Ita Michael , Li Yue , Ji Jingjing , Jiang Yong , Redmond H. Paul , Wang Jiang Huai , Liu Jinghua
Published: December 2019

Bacterial lipoprotein (BLP)–induced tolerance represents an essential regulatory mechanism during bacterial infection and has been shown to protect against microbial sepsis. This protection is generally attributed to BLP-tolerized monocytes/macrophages characterized by hyporesponsiveness in producing inflammatory cytokines and, simultaneously, an augmented antimicrobial activity. However, the contribution of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), another major player in innate immunity against bacterial infection, to BLP tolerance–afforded protection against microbial sepsis has not been identified. In this study, we report that induction of BLP tolerance protected mice against cecal ligation and puncture–induced polymicrobial sepsis, with significantly improved survival. Importantly, BLP tolerization via i.p. injection triggered an early PMN recruitment even before bacterial infection and promoted further PMN influx into the infectious site (i.e., the peritoneal cavity upon cecal ligation and puncture–associated septic challenge). Notably, this early PMN influx was mediated by BLP tolerization–induced PMN chemoattractant CXCL2-formed concentration gradient between the circulation and peritoneal cavity. Critically, blockage of PMN influx with the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 abolished BLP tolerance–afforded protection and rendered BLP-tolerized mice more vulnerable to microbial infection with impaired bacterial clearance and increased overall mortality. Thus, our results highlight that an early recruitment of PMNs in the infectious site, as an important cellular mechanism, contributes to BLP tolerance–afforded protection against microbial sepsis.
Activation of TCR Vδ1+ and Vδ1−Vδ2− γδ T Cells upon Controlled Infection with Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzanian Volunteers
Authors: Rutishauser Tobias , Lepore Marco , Di Blasi Daniela , Dangy Jean-Pierre , Abdulla Salim , Jongo Said , Ramadhani Kamaka , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Tanner Marcel , Daubenberger Claudia , De Libero Gennaro
Published: December 2019

Our understanding of the human immune response to malaria remains incomplete. Clinical trials using whole-sporozoite-based vaccination approaches such as the Sanaria PfSPZ Vaccine, followed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) to assess vaccine efficacy offer a unique opportunity to study the immune response during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Diverse populations of T cells that are not restricted to classical HLA (unconventional T cells) participate in the host response during Plasmodium infection. Although several populations of unconventional T cells exist, the majority of studies focused on TCR Vγ9Vδ2 cells, the most abundant TCR γδ cell population in peripheral blood. In this study, we dissected the response of three TCR γδ cell subsets and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in healthy volunteers immunized with PfSPZ Vaccine and challenged by CHMI using Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge. Using a flow cytometry-based unbiased analysis followed by T cell cloning, several findings were made. Whereas major ex vivo alterations were not detectable after immunization with PfSPZ Vaccine, TCR Vδ2, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells expanded after asexual blood-stage parasitemia induced by CHMI. CHMI, but not vaccination, also induced the activation of TCR Vδ1 and Vδ1−Vδ2− γδ T cells. The activated TCR Vδ1 cells were oligoclonal, suggesting clonal expansion, and upon repeated CHMI, showed diminished response, indicating long-term alterations induced by blood-stage parasitemia. Some TCR Vδ1 clones recognized target cells in the absence of parasite-derived Ags, thus suggesting recognition of self-molecules. These findings reveal the articulate participation of different populations of unconventional T cells to P. falciparum infection.
Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ Regulates Macrophage Responses in Juvenile Arthritis and Cytokine Storm Syndrome Mouse Models
Authors: Mahajan Sahil , Mellins Elizabeth D. , Faccio Roberta
Published: December 2019

Dysregulation of monocyte and macrophage responses are often observed in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), a potentially fatal complication of chronic rheumatic diseases. Both conditions are associated with activation of TLR signaling in monocyte and macrophage lineage cells, leading to overwhelming inflammatory responses. Despite the importance of TLR engagement in activating proinflammatory macrophages, relatively little is known about activation of intrinsic negative regulatory pathways to attenuate excessive inflammatory responses. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (Dgk) ζ, an enzyme which converts DAG into phosphatidic acid, limits inflammatory cytokine production in an arthritic mouse model dependent on TLR2 signaling and in a CSS mouse model dependent on TLR9 signaling. In vitro, Dgkζ deficiency results in reduced production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and in limited M1 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, Dgkζ deficiency decreases STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, Dgkζ levels are increased in macrophages derived from mice with CSS or exposed to plasma from sJIA patients with active disease. Our data suggest that Dgkζ induction in arthritic conditions perpetuates systemic inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages and highlight a potential role of Dgkζ–DAG/phosphatidic acid axis as a modulator of inflammatory cytokine production in sJIA and CSS.
Smokeless Tobacco Warnings in Indian Mass Media: Intention and Attempts to Quit
Authors: Madewell Zachary J. , Kolaja Claire A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In India, over 200 million people use smokeless tobacco (SLT), which increases the risk of cancers. Studies have demonstrated mass media campaigns effectively reduce smoking tobacco prevalence, but few have assessed their impact on SLT cessation. Objectives: This study used data from the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) in 2009–2010 and 2016–2017 to examine associations between SLT health warnings in mass media, and intention and attempts to quit using SLT. We also compared the proportion of SLT users who noticed mass media warnings between 2009–2010 and 2016–2017. Materials and Methods: Over 16,000 and 15,000 current SLT users from the GATS-1 and GATS-2, respectively, were used for analysis. Weighted logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between noticed health warnings on SLT packages, newspapers/magazines, television, radio, billboards, cinemas, internet, vehicles, and walls, and intention and attempts to quit SLT. Results: In final models, the odds of intention and attempts to quit were highest among those who noticed warnings in newspapers/magazines (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–1.74) and the internet (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.12–2.29), respectively. Warnings on SLT packages, television, billboards, radio, vehicles, and walls were also associated with increased cessation behavior. More noticed warnings on SLT packages, television, billboards, and newspapers/magazines in GATS-2 than GATS-1, but fewer heard radio warnings. Conclusions: Among Indian SLT users, we found evidence that SLT warnings in mass media may promote cessation behavior. Health warnings in mass media could play an important role in the overall strategy to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with SLT use.
A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Concurrent Chemoradiation with Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Concurrent Chemoradiation Alone for Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix
Authors: Singh Rahul , Bhatt M LB , Kumar Rajendra , Srivastava Kirti , Grover R K , Shukla Pragya , Raturi Vijay P , Gaur Jalaj , Saha Mandira , Kishan Dewesh ,   Roopali
Published: December 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare concurrent chemoradiation along with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiation alone in locally advanced cervical cancer regarding treatment response and toxicities. Subjects and Methods: A randomized control study was done on 116 patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix (Stage IIB to IIIB) registered between January 2014 and February 2015. Patients were randomly divided to receive either one cycle of cisplatin/5-fluorouracil neoadjuvant chemotherapy and two cycles of the same adjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin (Arm A) or only concurrent chemoradiation (Arm B). All patients received three fractions of high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy after completion of the external radiation. Results: A higher proportion of the patients of chemotherapy arm achieved complete response (94%) as compared to the nonchemotherapy arm (56%), and this was statistically significant. There was a trend toward more treatment-related acute toxicity with chemotherapy. Conclusions: These results have corroborated the view that if neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies are added to concurrent chemoradiation, it could further the effects of concurrent chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced cancer of the uterine cervix.
Efficacy of a Reduced-dose Rasburicase: Single-institution Experience in India
Authors: Lakshmaiah K C , Babu K Govind , Rajeev L K , Loknatha D , Abraham Linu Jacob , Babu M C Suresh , Lokesh K N , Rudresha A H , Agarwal Ankit
Published: December 2019

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency associated with life-threatening metabolic abnormalities. Hyperuricemia is a feature of TLS and is treated with hydration, urine alkalinization, and allopurinol. Rasburicase lowers uric acid (UA) rapidly at the labeled dose of 0.15–0.2 mg/kg/day for 5 days. In a developing country like India where affordability is one major limitation to medical care, the use of rasburicase at the dose recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not always possible. There is no convincing data suggesting the efficacy of a lower dose of rasburicase (1.5 mg or 3 mg) in the treatment of TLS. We conducted a retrospective study from January 2015 to June 2016 to assess the efficacy of a reduced-dose rasburicase in patients with TLS. Materials and Methods: All the patients with TLS were given rasburicase (single dose of 1.5 mg) on day 1 of chemotherapy. Serum UA, potassium, creatinine, and calcium levels were monitored every 24 h. All the patients who did not achieve normalization of UA with one dose of rasburicase were given another 1.5 mg of rasburicase. Results: Out of 90 patients, 54 patients (60%) had normalization of UA levels after 1.5 mg of rasburicase and 16 (18%) patients required 3 mg of rasburicase for bringing down the UA level to normal. The low serum UA levels were maintained even on the 3rd day of rasburicase. Rasburicase was well tolerated, and there was no death due to TLS. Thirty-one patients (64%) had normalization in the serum creatinine levels after rasburicase. Conclusion: We conclude that a low dose of rasburicase (1.5 mg or 3 mg) is cost effective in reducing serum UA (especially for low-risk and intermediate-risk TLS) and the higher dose as recommended by the US FDA is required only for patients with high-risk TLS.
Depression among Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: A Study from North India
Authors: Thakur Monika , Gupta Bandna , Kumar Rohitash , Mishra Anand Kumar , Gupta Sameer , Kar Sujita Kumar
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Major depressive disorder is a major mental health problem and is the fourth most important cause of loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Aim: The study aimed to assess the association of depression among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was done on 102 females diagnosed with breast cancer. Women were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Patients were evaluated on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 6.0.0 to screen other psychiatric comorbidities. Hamilton depression 17-item, rating scale was used to measure severity of depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 47.05% in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Majority of the patients (54.1%) had mild depression. Correlations of clinical and Sociodemographic variables with parameters of depression were not significant. Conclusions: Depression is commonly associated psychiatric morbidity in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The severity of depression is independent of the sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients with breast cancer.
Historical Consciousness and Nigerian Political Stability
Authors: Jaja Jones M. , Agumagu Joy , Adagogo-Brown Edna
Published: December 2019

This paper examined the contributions of historical consciousness to the development of the Nigerian political terrain. Using the Nigerian example, it posits that a distinguishing feature of historical consciousness is in its quest to promote a sense of history among members of a given group or society. This enables it to play a significant role in the task of national development. It proceeded to demonstrate that promoting historical awareness could lead to greater political stability. Having demonstrated the role of historical consciousness to national development, the paper concluded that since development is a product of change, and the subject matter of history focuses on continuity and change, it follows that development can only be understood and appreciated within the context of history. It is this strategic role of history in facilitating development that makes historical societies incubators of development.
The in vitro investigation of lycopene effects on post-thawed ram sperm
Authors: Souza H.M. , Arruda L.C.P. , Monteiro M.M. , Nery I.H.A.V. , Silva R.A.J. Araújo , Oliveira A.S. , Batista A.M. , Guerra M.M.P.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lycopene on quality parameters of cryopreserved ram semen. Semen samples were collected from three Santa Inês rams to form a seminal pool (n = 8). Aliquots from each pool were diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender to create experimental groups containing 0 µM (control), 0.1 µM, 1 µM and 5 µM lycopene. The samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics, integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation immediately after thawing and after incubation for two hours at 37 °C. The addition of lycopene had no effect on the parameters that were evaluated at the time of thawing when compared with the control. However, after incubation, the groups with added lycopene showed a decrease in progressive motility. All experimental groups showed a significant reduction in linearity and straightness following incubation. Furthermore, the 5 µM lycopene group showed a decrease in wobble and an increase in amplitude of lateral head displacement. In conclusion, the addition of lycopene to the freezing extender of ram semen affected the kinetics parameters of cryopreserved spermatozoa after a two-hour incubation period.Keywords: carotenoid, flow cytometry, kinetic, sheep
Morphological and physiological characteristics of claw quality in South African Bonsmara cattle
Authors: Van Marle-Kӧster E. , Pretorius S.J. , Webb E.C.
Published: December 2019

Sound claws are essential for beef cattle, given the marked influence they have on functional longevity and subsequent performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological and physiological claw characteristics of Bonsmara SA beef cattle in the major bioregions of South Africa. Normal claws of 89 Bonsmara stud animals were collected from three bioregions in which Bonsmara cattle are farmed, namely Mesic Highveld Grassland, Eastern Kalahari Bushveld and Central Bushveld bioregions. Most of these claws were from Bonsmara bulls that were slaughtered after completion of a standardized intensive feeding test and a few were from older cows. Lateral toe length (LL), medial toe length (ML), claw circumference, colour coding and tensile strength (TS) were determined on the fore and hind claws and mineral composition only on the fore claws. Multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) models indicated that bioregion, moisture content, calcium (Ca), selenium (Se) and claw position (fore versus hind claws) had a significant effect (P <0.05) on TS. It is clear that environmental factors need to be considered in the evaluation of claw quality. This research serves as a benchmark for claw traits in the Bonsmara breed. Recording of claw and conformation traits is essential for genetic improvement.Keywords: bioregion, claw parameters, colour, lateral and medial claw length, mineral composition, tensile strength
A Metric for Prediciting Student Motivation to Participate in a Study Abroad Course
Authors: Raczkoski Brandon M. , Robinson J. Shane , Edwards M. Craig , Baker Marshall A. , Gordon Sarah R. , Cole Ki
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the factor structure of the Perceived Costs of Studying Abroad Instrument (PCoSAI), as adapted from the expectancy-value-cost model instrument, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) from 1 independent sample of students enrolled in a College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (CASNR) at Oklahoma State University (OSU). The EFA sample of 381 students was assessed during an in-class recruitment event for international courses or experiences offered through the CASNR during the 2017 Fall semester. The participants included 113 male and 268 female students; 118 had previously traveled abroad at least once. The mean composite score for the sample varied from average to somewhat below average and evinced substantial differences among scores. A 4-factor solution was considered using principal axis factoring with a Promax rotation. Selected extraction criteria and parameter estimates supported the 4-factor PCoSAI explaining 81% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha scores for the four sub-scales ranged from .90 to .93. The study produced a usable instrument for determining incoming students’ motivation to participate in study abroad experiences. Future research should employ a confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the factor structures.