bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flowering, pollination and seed production of Acacia nilotica
Authors: Tybirk Knud
Published: March 2008

Acacia nilotica flowers during the rainy season in Kenya. The flowers shed their pollen between 07.30 and 12.00 hours. Average pollen production is 1.1 million grains per inflorescence. Pollination is by native solitary bees of the genera Creightonella, Chalicodoma, Megachile, Anthophora, Nomia and Xylocopa. Less than 1/3 of the flowers are hermaphroditic and the pod set per hermaphroditic flower is 0.3 percent. The ovary contains 16 ovules, and the average seed set per pod is 10.8. One tree can produce more than 30000 seeds in one fruiting season.
Systematic embryology of the Scilla siberica alliance (Hyacinthaceae)
Authors: Svoma Erika , Greilhuber Johann
Published: March 2008

Eleven species of the Scilla siberica alliance, a well defined monophyletic group within the “genus by tradition”Scilla, have been investigated embryologically with special reference to embryo sac and endosperm development. Data are now available for 15 out of 20 known species. In most species embryo sacs develop according to the bisporic Allium‐type, only in Scilla rosenii according to the tetrasporic Drusa‐type. Endosperm development is either nuclear or helobial (in 10 and 4 species respectively, unknown in 1). The taxonomic significance of these traits is evaluated after character polarisation by out‐group comparison. Among the out‐group taxa, S. persica may be considered as the sister group of the S. siberica alliance because only these two groups have an Allium‐type embryo sac, a synapomorphy derived from the plesiomorphic Polygonurn‐type. The Drusa‐type in S. rosenii is an autapomorphy for that species and evolved from an Allium‐type embryo sac. S. rosenii is distinct from its sister species S. koenigii, previously thought to be conspecific. Nuclear endosperm is considered to be plesiomorphic rather than apomorphic within the S. siberica alliance, with respect to its occurrence in the presumed sister group and other outgroup taxa (S. hohenackeri group, S. bifolia alliance), but some doubt remains because of a helobial endosperm occurring in the out‐group taxon S. messeniaca. The distribution of other synapomorphies within the S. siberica alliance suggests that a helobial endosperm evolved as a synapomorphy for S. bithynica, S. melaina and S. mischtschenkoana, but as a parallel trait in S. leepii. Species status for S. leepii is supported.
Taxonomy and distribution of Cordia crenata (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Warfa Ahmed Mumin
Published: March 2008

Cordia crenata, originally described from plants cultivated in Egyptian gardens, is shown to be widespread in NE and E Africa and also to be present in Arabia, Iran and India. C. zedambae and C. chisimajensis are new synonyms. Geographically correlated variation supports the subdivision of the species into two subspecies, the widespread and often cultivated C. crenata ssp. crenata, and the East African C. crenata ssp. meridionalis, ssp. nov. Descriptions, illustrations and a map of distribution of both subspecies are given, as well as the most commonly used vernacular names.
A revision of Rhynchanthera (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Renner Susanne Sabine
Published: March 2008

The neotropical genus Rhynchanthera (Melastomataceae, Microlicieae) is revised, and 15 of the 84 proposed taxa are recognized; two species are excluded from the genus. The group consists of subshrubs and shrubs with usually purple flowers in thyrsoid inflorescences of uniparous or biparous cymes. It is characterized by androecia with five antepetalous staminodia in addition to the five fertile stamens, and ‐ in most species ‐ dimorphism of the stamens, with one strikingly longer than the other four. The plants always are covered by at least some simple glandular hairs. The majority of the species of Rhynchanthera occur in south‐central Brazil, however, the range of the genus extends from southern Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay. All species grow in wet places in open scrub or savanna vegetation. Micromorphological features of the seeds have been investigated and support the traditional placement of Rhynchanthera in the Microlicieae where it is closest to Microlicia, Lavoisiera, and Trembleya. Two taxa are illustrated with drawings, and the distribution of all is mapped.
Stigma form and surface in relation to self‐incompatibility in the Onagraceae
Authors: Heslop‐Harrison Yolande
Published: March 2008

The Onagraceae is unique among families of comparable size in the heterogeneity of stigma form and physiology. Studies of the receptive surfaces of stigmas from representatives of all genera of the family have shown that a range of types exists from papillate to non‐papillate, and from “wet”, bearing a free‐running secretion, to “dry”, lacking such a secretion, most genera falling in the former category. Self‐incompatibility is wholly restricted to wet‐stigma species, and direct and circumstantial evidence indicates that it is always likely to be of the gametophytic type, as in certain Oenothera species that have been the subjects of detailed genetical and physiological research. Whilst Oenothera and most other self‐incompatible species in the family appear to reject incompatible pollen mainly in the stigma surface layers, the precise site is subject to both genetical and environmentally‐determined variation. Intraspecific polymorphy in sex function is known in the genus Fuchsia, most species of which have wet stigmas. Female sterility in the functionally male flowers of certain species of this genus appears simply to be due to a failure to produce adequate stigma secretion. All species of the dry‐stigma genera in the family are self‐compatible, but not all are inbreeding because of the existence of other mechanisms enforcing outcrossing. The stigmas of some possess certain unique features, apparently related to water conservation. Possible evolutionary trends in the family and in the breeding and pollination systems are briefly discussed in the light of what is now known of pollen‐stigma relationships.
Development of the pollen wall in Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae)
Authors: Kurmann Marie H.
Published: March 2008

In discussions of exine structural types, Tsuga is often mentioned as an exception, since no infratectal layer is present in the ektexine. The present investigation documents the formation of this pollen wall type at the ultrastructural level in T. canadensis. All layers of the exine are formed during the tetrad period, when the microspores are surrounded by a callose wall. The outer layer (ektexine) is elaborated on a fibrillar microspore surface coat, while the inner layer (endexine) is elaborated on lamellated structures. The deposition of the pretectum is followed by the appearance of endexine lamellae. In the initial stages, the two layers—pretectum and endexine—appear to be separated from each other only by a dense microspore surface coat. As additional wall materials are deposited, the tectal elements become convoluted and come to rest, in places, on the now recognizable footlayer. Upon release from the tetrad, intine formation begins and continuous accumulation of sporopollenin leads to an increase in ektexine thickness. The mature pollen wall of Tsuga canadensis, with a convoluted tectum resting directly on the footlayer, is characteristic of the genus.
The taxonomy of problematic Mallomonas species (Synurophyceae). I. Mallomonas hindonii and M. canina
Authors: Nicholls K. H.
Published: March 2008

Whole cells with complete cell armour (siliceous scales and bristles) of Mallomonas hindonii and Mallomonas canina (Synurophyceae) have been found in Ontario. It is concluded that these two species are not synonymous, as has been suggested previously, and attention is given to structural features of scales and bristles which can be used to distinguish between them. Both species are restricted to softwater/acidic environments.
Infrageneric division of the genus Hypecoum (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Dahl Å. E.
Published: March 2008

The genus Hypecoum (Papaveraceae) is subdivided into five sections. Two of them (sect. Chiazospermum and sect. Leptocarpae sect, nov.) are comprised in subgen. Chiazospermum, and three in subgen. Hypecoum (sect. Hypecoum, sect Pendulae sect. nov., and sect. Mnemosilla comb, et stat. nov.). The morphology of the sections is discussed, and a hypothesis of the possible course of evolution within the genus is presented. Chromosome numbers are given for seven taxa.
Justicia tetrasperma sp. nov.–a linking species between Justicia and Monechma (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Hedrén M.
Published: March 2008

Justicia tetrasperma, a new species of Justicia sect. Monechma, is described on material from Shaba in Zaire. Its capsules with four smooth and compressed seeds is a character combination in favour of an inclusion of Monechma in Justicia.
Anamorphs in Mycocalicium albonigrum and M. subtile (Caliciales)
Authors: Tibell L.
Published: March 2008

Anamorphs of Mycocalicium albonigrum and M. subtile have been obtained in culture from ascospores, conidia collected in the field, and conidia produced in culture. The ontogenies of the conidiomata and conidia are described. Differences between the species with respect to cultural characteristics, septation of ascospores during germination, occurrence of chlamydospores and pyriform cells as well as ultrastructural details of conidiogenous cells and conidia were studied. Conidia are suggested to possibly be important in the dispersal of the species.
The taxonomy of problematic Mallomonas species (Synurophyceae). II. Mallomonas costata and M. galeiformis
Authors: Nicholls K. H.
Published: March 2008

Whole cells of Mallomonas costata and Mallomonas galeiformis with complete scale and bristle complements present few problems for their identification by TEM. Individual scales however, such as those usually encountered in paleolimnology, have often been difficult to identify in isolation. Both species occur in collections from Ontario, Canada, but M. galeiformis is apparently more acidophilic than M. costata. Several differences in structure of scales from both species are described which, if used as criteria for distinguishing between the two species, should facilitate identification of individual scales.
Coexistence and hybridization of Leymus mollis and L. arenarius in Greenland, and demarcation of the species by endospermal prolamins, leymins
Authors: Ahokas H. , Fredskild B.
Published: March 2008

The occurrence of Leymus arenarius as a constituent of the Greenlandic flora is confirmed. The different patterns of hairiness of the rachis segments characteristic of L. mollis and L. arenarius, respectively, were found to correlate with endospermal protein patterns fractionated with SDS‐PAGE (sodium dodecylsulphate, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The characteristics of its protein patterns were substantiated by a transect study of L. arenarius through Fennoscandia. The northern populations of L. mollis and L. arenarius displayed no or relatively little variation in endospermal protein patterns within plants or sites. This may reflect a prevailing self‐pollination, founder effect, clonal spreading of stands and selection or any combination thereof. The key proteins of 120 to 140 kg mole‐1 demarcating L. mollis and L. arenarius were shown to be soluble in 50% isopropanol at pH 8.0, and hence to be prolamins, which were also found to carry glycosylation. The spontaneous, sterile hybrids of these species in Greenland have an intermediary morphology. A hybrid clone may form relatively wide stands in South and Southwest Greenland.
Synopsis of Jatropha sect. Robecchiana s. lat. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Gilbert Michael G. , Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The circumscription of Jatropha sect. Robecchiana is widened to include also the members of/, sect. Spinosa subsect. Parvifoliae. Seven species are recognized in the group that is confined to arid regions of NE and E tropical Africa. New taxa are J. rivae ssp. quercifolia, J. horizontalis, J. tenuicaulis, and J. euarguta. A new combination is J. rivae ssp. parvifolia. Two lectotypes are selected.
Ecuadorian Brownea and Browneopsis (Leguminosae‐Caesalpinioideae): Taxonomy, palynology, and morphology
Authors: Klitgaard Bente Bang
Published: March 2008

The neotropical genera Brownea and Browneopsis are understorey trees and shrubs of lowland rain forest comprising twelve and six species, respectively. Four species of Brownea and three of Browneopsis occur in Ecuador. Keys to the genera and species in Ecuador are provided, and Brownea coccinea, B. grandiceps, B. macrophylla, B. multijuga, Browneopsis disepala, B. ucayalina, and B. macrofoliolata are described, the last‐named as a new species. Additionally, the intergeneric relationships, and the morphological and the palynological variation in the genera are surveyed.
The transmitting tract in Trimezia fosteriana (Iridaceae). III. Pollen tube growth in the stigma, style and ovary
Authors: Bystedt Per‐Arne , Vennigerholz Felizitas
Published: March 2008

Trimezia fosteriana is a self‐incompatible plant with an open style. The stigma was found to be receptive for approx. three hours. Pollen tube growth in the entire transmitting tract was followed with LM, SEM and TEM. The cuticle that covers the mature papillae is continuous but in the rest of the transmitting tissue it is thin and ruptured. The pollen tubes grow in a mucilage mixed with cuticle remnants. In the style, however, larger parts of a cuticle film remains which gives the impression that pollen tube growth occurs under a cuticle. The secretion contains proteins and carbohydrates including pectic substances. The pollen tube growth rates were estimated to 2 mm/hour in the stigma, 1–2 mm/hour in the style and 0.5 mm/hour in the ovary.
Environmental constraints on microevolution in Prasiola stipitata s. lat. (Prasiolales: Chlorophyta)
Authors: Russell G.
Published: March 2008

Three cultured strains of Prasiola stripitata were established from populations on shores of NW England (Hilbre), N Norway (Vardö) and SW Finland (Ören). Experiments were carried out on the effects of seawater salinity (6, 34, 68, 102%o) on these strains. All isolates showed significant differences in plantlet density in response to salinity, and density maxima at 34%o. The Ören culture density was least reduced at 6%.

Growth of these isolates was also significantly affected by salinity and their patterns of response also differed significantly. The Hilbre strain proved to be the most vigorous in 68 and 102%o. The Ören strain performed best in 6 and 34%o and grew very poorly in 102%o. The responses of the Vardö isolate proved to be somewhat intermediate in character. Microevolutionary divergence can therefore occur in this taxon but the constraints imposed by the harsh conditions at high shore levels in all localities ensure that differences in salt tolerance between ecotypes will be small.
Arisaema saddlepeakense, a new species of Araceae from India
Authors: Rao P. S. N. , Srivastava S. K.
Published: March 2008

Arisaema saddlepeakense is described from Saddle Peak, Andaman Islands, India. It belongs to section Fimbriata and is allied to A. album.
A chemometric comparison between Picea abies and P. obovata (Pinaceae) in Norway
Authors: Grahl‐Nielsen O. , Mjaavatten O. , Øvstedal D. O.
Published: March 2008

Earlier studies indicate that Picea abies and Picea obovata are clearly distinguished by only one morphological character, i.e. the form of the cone scale. In this study populations of the two taxa were investigated chemometrically. The needles were subjected directly to methanolysis, and the released components, dominated by fatty acid methyl esters, were gas chromatographed. Principal components analysis of the analytical data indicate a clear distinction between P. abies and P. obovata.
Diatoms of the Puck Bay coastal shallows (Poland, Southern Baltic)
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej
Published: March 2008

In the study area 150 diatom taxa were identified, including several varieties. The characteristic feature of the community is the strong predominance of several epipsammic diatom species of which Achnanthes delicatula, Fragilaria construens var. venter, Navicula cryptolyra, and Opephora olsenii are the most abundant. The predominating taxa are autochthonous in the study area and their percent content ranges from 70 to 90%. In the sediments studied there was also a large group of species which are typical of the Puck Bay interior. They are usually represented by several specimens showing various degrees of destruction. Only few of them attain in the study area considerable percent contents e.g. Achnanthes lemmermanni, Amphora acutiuscula, Cocconeis scutellum, Diploneis interrupta, Navicula rhynchocephala, N. perminuta, Nitzschia frustulum and N. nana. Numerous taxa reported in the paper are recorded in the study area for the first time.
A taxonomic revision of Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Rahman M. A. , Wilcock C. C.
Published: March 2008

The genus Calotropis of the tribe Asclepiadeae of Asclepiadaceae subfamily Ascle‐piadoideae is revised throughout its Tange in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. The three species recognized are keyed out, illustrated and described with appropriate bibliography, synonymy, notes on ecology, distribution and uses. Distribution maps for the species are provided. The taxonomic position of the genus is discussed and a historical review is provided.
A study of the variation in Trifolium burchellianum ssp. johnstonii (Fabaceae)
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

A study of the variation within the tropical African taxon Trifolium burchellianum ssp. johnstonii, including var. oblongum, is made on the basis of herbarium material and cultivated material. The chromosome numbers 2n = 48 and 2n = 96 were counted in the collections of var. johnstonii and var. oblongum respectively. In most other material, the chromosome number has been estimated from the size of the pollen grains and guard cells. Var. johnstonii was found to have both 2n = 48 and 2n = 96 and var. oblongum was found only to have 2n = 96. Var. oblongum and var. johnstonii with 2n = 96 are found to have complementary distributions, while the distribution of var. johnstonii with 2n = 48 is found sympatric with all the 2n = 96 material. The sterility barriers are persumed to have become weakened at the higher ploidy level, and gene flow is presumed to explain the continuous variation between the two varieties. The origin of var. oblongum is also discussed.
Sieve‐element characters of Myristicaceae: Nuclear crystals, S‐and P‐type plastids, nacreous walls
Authors: Behnke H.‐Dietmar
Published: March 2008

The phloem of the Myristicaceae is composed of sieve elements, parenchymatous cells, and fibers. Within the metaphloem and secondary phloem parenchymatic layers including prominent secretory elements alternate with tangential bands of fibers and layers composed of sieve elements, companion cells and phloem‐parenchyma cells. among the latter the sieve elements are most abundant and easily identified by the presence of thick (nacreous) walls. The most characteristic feature of the sieve elements of Myristicaceae (and found nowhere else among the Magnoliiflorae) are nuclear crystals, which are released into the lumen during nuclear degeneration and persist in the mature cell. P‐and S‐type sieve‐element plastids were recorded for the 18 species investigated. Both types of the plastid are characterized by large diameters and many medium‐sized starch grains. The sizes and contents (small protein crystals only) of the P‐type plastids of the Myristicaceae do not conform to the tiny P‐type plastids (with large protein crystals) of the Annonaceae, a family to which the Myristicaceae is traditionally allied.
Fleshy fungi of grass fields HI. Reaction to different fertilizers and to age of grass turf. Periodicity of fruiting
Authors: Lange Morten
Published: March 2008

The fungus flora of an experimental grass field was studied over a ten years period. 48 squares were fertilized with combinations of NPK fertilizers. The nitrogen source was varied over the years. Calcium nitrate was applied in four seasons, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate were each applied in three seasons. Two series of squares had grass turf of different age, in the period ranging from one year to 12 years of age. The 55 species of fungi recorded were clearly divided in a nitrophilous group and a nitrophobous group. In the three first seasons, when an ongoing nitrate programme was continued, the species frequencies in the +N parcels were much higher than in the—N parcels. Most species in the nitrophilous group showed preference for nitrate, and application of ammonium had an almost poisonous effect on a large number of nitrophilous species, including most of the fairy ring formers. Agaricus campestris and two other nitrophilous species reacted positively to potassium. Most of the nitrophobous species were ± attached to moss and to grass debris. A few species had preference for grass turf 1–2 years old while the vaste majority of the fungi were established after 3–5 years.

The fruiting periods of the more common species were found to have a range of several months.
Composition and structure of a species rich Amazonian rain forest obtained by two different sample methods
Authors: Korning Jørgen , Thomsen Karsten , Øllgaard Benjamin
Published: March 2008

Inventory data for trees ≥ 10 cm DBH from a hectare plot are compared to data obtained by the Point‐Centered Quarter Method along a line transect from the same locality in Anangu, Amazonian Ecuador. The one‐hectare quadrat plot of 100 × 100 m had 734 individuals, 153 species, 46 families, a total basal area of 22.2 m2, and an estimated above ground tree volume of 240.5 m3. The line transect had a calculated density of 728 individuals per hectare, which included 239 species, 51 families, a total basal area of 34.1 m2, and an estimated above ground tree volume of 409.6 m3. Of the 20 species with the highest IVI, only four were shared by the two samples. The most important species were Quararibea ochrocalyx on the hectare plot and Iriartea deltoidea on the line transect, constituting 26.6 and 13.3% of the individuals, respectively. The five families with the highest FIV on the hectare plot (Bombacaceae, Arecaceae, Moraceae, Caesalpinaceae, and Lauraceae) and on the line transect (Arecaceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Mimosaceae and Caesalpinaceae) constitute 40.4% and 35.4% of the Family Importance Values of the samples, respectively. The Point‐Centered Quarter Method used along a line transect reflects maximum diversity and provides average values of density and tree size in the area. The quadrat plot reflects the local structure and composition of the forest within the plot.
Ecology of the genus Mycena in beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus robur) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) forest of S Sweden
Authors: Tyier Germund
Published: March 2008

The distribution of 43 species of Mycena was recorded during one decade (1978–1987), mainly in 229 permanent observation plots (500 sq.m.‐each) and related to the general soil properties (base saturation and organic matter content of the humus layer), as well as to the distribution of tree species and substrates. Sites were selected to represent the large variability of soil properties found in the deciduous forests of this region. Distinct edaphical and tree species affinity patterns were displayed by many taxa, but there were also several generalists. Low affinity values were obtained with hornbeam, whereas beech and oak each had at least 3–4 species which were almost completely dependent on either of these trees. At least seven species generally known as merely occurring in coniferous forest were found more or less regularly, sometimes in abundance. The ecological characteristics of the species encountered are described. M. fibula is included although it is nowadays usually placed in the genus Rickenella.
Notes on Corydalis sect. Corydalis in the Baltic area
Authors: Lidén Magnus
Published: March 2008

The Nordic species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis are discussed. The name C. laxa has been applied to largeflowered forms of C. pumila, but also to C. solida and various hybrid derivates between them, and is superfluous as well as confusing. A lectotype for C. laxa is selected. The Baltic endemic Corydalis gotlandica is described. It is an allotetraploid derivative of C. solida and intermedia. Flora nordica notes no. 2.
Floral morphology of southern African Orchideae. I. Orchidinae
Authors: Kurzweil H. , Weber A.
Published: March 2008

The floral morphology of the southern African genera of Orchidaceae‐Orchideae‐Orchidinae (Brachycorythis, Schwartzkopffia, Neobolusia, Schizochilus, Holothrix and Bartholina) is surveyed paying special attention to the gynostemium. Ontogenetic data are provided for a number of species that appear to be essential in formulating a proper interpretation of the gynostemium. The floral architecture is shown to be basically similar to that of the (much better known) European representatives of the subtribe. This, however, does not fully apply to the homology of the lateral gynostemium appendages (“auricles”): In Brachycorythis, Neobolusia and Schizochilus these develop like in Orchis and Dactylorhiza. Their prominent sculptured portions originate from dorsal stamen outgrowths and correspond to filament excrescences. Structures obviously homologous to lateral inner stamens can be recognized in the early ontogeny, but are in the mature flower incorporated in the ‘arch’ connecting the lip with the gynostemium. In contrast, in Holothrix and Bartholina the gynostemium appendages correspond entirely to staminodes, while the filament excrescences are missing. It is also shown that the ‘concave’ stigma said to be characteristic of the Orchidinae is in fact ± convex or even pad‐like, but is generally positioned in a cavity under the rostellum. The ‘erect’ anther (the main diagnostic feature of the Orchideae) is reflexed up to 45° in some taxa. Affinities of the genera are briefly discussed. The generic separation of Schwartzkopffia and Neobolusia from Brachycorythis does not appear justified. Neobolusia virginea is obviously misplaced in the respective genus, and eventually merits generic status. The affinities of Schizochilus remain ± obscure at the moment. Bartholina appears to be merely a small group of specialized Holothrix species.
The stomata of the cork‐oak, Quercus suber. An ultrastructural approach
Authors: Molinas M. L.
Published: March 2008

In the evergreen leaves of Quercus suber, stomata play a major role in adaptation to drought and temperature stress. The leaf is of zygostomic type and has about 430 stomata per square milimeter of abaxial leaf surface. The stomatal complex is of the anomocytic type. The guard cells protrude from the epidermal plane. The guard cell nucleus contains heterochromatin in small granules. The guard cell cytoplasm is characterised by a large number of well developed mitochondria, amyloplasts with stroma and grana, and a well developed cytoskeleton with a cortical array of microtubules oriented pa railed to the slit axis that persist even in mature cells. Guard cell walls are asymmetrically thickened and devoid of plasmodesmata. No area of cell walls was free of cuticle or covered by a thin cuticular layer and apparently no area of limited cuticular development provides evaporation when the stomata are closed.
Palynology of peat sections from Spitsbergen covering the last few centuries
Authors: van der Knaap W. O.
Published: March 2008

Peat sections, measuring up to 40 cm, from four areas of Spitsbergen were studied for pollen and spores; the results are presented as pollen concentration diagrams. Dated parts of the sections cover approximately the last three to thirteen centuries. In one section, an increasing rate of peat accumulation is suggested by a decreasing trend in concentrations of long‐distance transported pollen and spores and by radiocarbon dates; in the other three sections there are no indications of the existence of phases differing in peat‐accumulation rates. In two sections a local development is recorded from dry peat‐forming vegetation relatively rich in vascular‐plant species into wet peat‐forming vegetation poor in vascular‐plant species. The two other sections represent wet peat‐forming vegetation relatively poor in vascular‐plant species throughout the recorded period.
Artificial crossing experiments within Hypecoum sect. Hypecoum (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Dahl Åslög E.
Published: March 2008

An artificial crossing program involving 8 annual form‐series within Hypecoum sect. Hypecoum (Papaveraceae) was carried out. In most combinations between different species, hybrid inviability due to disparity between parental genomes seems to be the most important crossing barrier: chlorotic progeny was produced, or hybrids with low vitality, few and sterile flowers or dwarfishness occurred. The three form‐series considered as different subspecies of H. procumbens seem rather to be separated by hybrid break‐down mechanisms in advanced generations, expressed as malformation of organs, and often pronounced decrease in fertility. Crossings between populations within the same form‐series usually yielded vigorous and highly fertile progeny. The breeding relationships within the group were found to be well correlated with discontinuities in morphological characteristics. The disparity between the genomes of the different form‐series are probably mainly due to gene mutations and cryptic structural alterations and not to major structural polymorphisms.
A new species of Adenia (Passifloraceae) from Ethiopia
Authors: Gilbert Michael G. , de Wilde Willem J. J. O.
Published: March 2008

Adenia pulchra sp. nov. from Bale Region, southern Ethiopia, is described and its relationships discussed.
Contributions to the Caloplaca flora of the western Antarctic region
Authors: Søchting Ulrik , Øvstedal Dag Olav
Published: March 2008

Fourteen species of the lichen genus Caloplaca are recorded from the western Antarctic region and described morphologically and anatomically, viz.: C. ammiospila, C. approximata, C. athallina, C. cirrochrooides, C. citrina, C. isidioclada, C. lucens, C. millegrana, C. regalis, C. sublobulata, C. tenuis, C. aff. anchon‐phoeniceon. Type specimens of critical species have been studied. A key is provided to the species. Caloplaca ammiospila and C. approximata are reported as new to the Antarctic region.
Ceramium cimbrium (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales) from Scandinavia; structure, reproduction and systematics
Authors: Rueness Jan
Published: March 2008

Ceramium cimbricum, originally described from Limfjorden, Denmark was isolated into unialgal culture form several localities in southern Norway. The distinguishing features include straight, often unequal apices, 4–5 periaxial cells and narrow cortical bands. Reproductive structures are described for the first time in European material and a Polysiphonia‐type of life history was demonstrated, though irregularities were also seen. Culture observations of phenotypic variability and examination of type material suggest that C. cimbricum and the widely recorded C. fastigiatum may be conspecific. However, the latter binomial is illegitimate.
Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and phylogenetic interrelationships of some genera of the Heliantheae sensu lato (Asteraceae)
Authors: Bergqvist Gullevi , Bremer Birgitta , Bremer Kåre
Published: March 2008

Phylogenetic interrelationships of 12 genera of the Heliantheae s. lat., as well as two genera of the Anthemideae and Eupatorieae, were assessed by chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis. The 14 investigated species represented Guizotia, Helianthus, Melampodium, Rudbeckia, Sigesbeckia, Tridax, and Verbesina (Heliantheae s. str.), Helenium, Hymenoxys, and Palafoxia (Helenieae), Porophyllum (Tageteae), Coreopsis (Coreopsideae), Pleurocoronis (Eupatorieae), and Anthemis, (Anthemideae). Using 9 enzymes, 39 phylogenetically informative sites were found. Wagner parsimony analysis of the data yielded 10 equally parsimonious cladograms. Well supported relationships displayed by all cladograms included (1) a clade comprising all the genera (Heliantheae s. lat. and Eupatorieae) except Anthemis (Anthemideae), (2) a clade consisting of the genera of the Heliantheae s. str. with Pleurocoronis (Eupatorieae) nested among them, (3) a subclade of the former comprising Pleurocoronis, Guizotia, and Sigesbeckia, and (4) the generic pair of Helenium and Hymenoxys.
On the occurrence of sexual reproduction in Saxifraga cernua and S. foliolosa (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Molau Ulf
Published: March 2008

In all contemporary floras, the two circumpolar arctic species Saxifraga cernua and S. foliolosa are claimed to reproduce only by vegetative means (bulbils) and to have abandoned sexual reproduction. Scattered records in the literature indicate that this is erroneous, and that seed is set irregularly and at a low rate in both species. An inventory of herbarium material supports this view. Field studies at Latnjajaure, N Swedish Lapland, demonstrate that both species have an androdioecious mating system, a phenomenon which is extremely rare in natural plant populations. The two gender classes within each species are maintained by self‐incompatibility in hermaphorodites and a higher rate of vegetative propagation in female‐sterile plants. Hermaphrodites are rare, especially in S. cernua, and most populations consist exclusively of female‐sterile plants. The sparsity of fruiting material in herbaria is regarded to be, in part, a result of low frequency of collecting, due to the in‐conspicuousness of the plants in this stage. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of the two species are provided.

Flora Nordica Notes no. 5.
Hydnocarpus sharmae (Flacourtiaceae), a new species from Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Rao P. S. N. , Sreekumar P. V.
Published: March 2008

A new species, Hydnocarpus sharmae (Flacourtiaceae) from North Andaman, India is described and illustrated.
Pericarp structure and phylogeny within Lamiaceae subfamily Nepetoideae tribe Ocimeae
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

The pericarp structure has been investigated in about 205 species, representing 43 out of the about 50 genera of Lamiaceae subfamily Nepetoideae tribe Ocimeae (Ocimoideae). In its basic structure, the pericarp of Ocimeae corresponds to that of other Nepetoideae. The exocarp has usually both mucilaginous and non‐mucilaginous cells. Below it, there are soft cells (mesocarp), a layer of vertically arranged bone cells and a thin innermost cell layer. The differences discovered in pericarp anatomy essentially agree with the traditional subdivisions of Ocimeae (by e.g. Briquet). The subtribes Hyptidinae and Ociminae and the genus Aeollanthus (in subtribe Plectran‐thinae) have, with few exceptions crystals in the bone cells. Unlike other Labiatae, Plectranthinae (except Alvesia, Isodon and Siphocranion) has a plate‐like content in the mucilaginous cell. The systematic position of the latter three genera is discussed. Because of their pericarp anatomy, Hoslundia, Fuerstia, Catoferia, Nosema, Benguellia, Octomeron and Ceratanthus are suggested to belong to Ociminae, and Neohyptis to Plectranthinae. On the basis of pericarp characters an informal division of Ociminae is suggested. Considering the distribution of stamen and pericarp characters, the genera Capitanya, Pycnostachys and Solenostemon are suggested to originate from Plectranthus. Ocimeae species which grow in arid habitats tend to produce more mucilage and to have a larger plate‐like content in the mucilaginous cells than species from moist or wet habitats.
Eight new species and a new record of Indigofera and Microcharis (Leguminosae‐Indigofereae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The following new species are described: Indigofera bayensis (south‐west Somalia, on sand or gravel in Acacia‐Commiphora bushland), I. gypsacea (central and south‐west Somalia, on gypsum), I. karkarensis (north‐east Somalia, on limestone), I. lamellata (south‐west Somalia, on and around granitic outcrops), I. lughensis (south‐west Somalia, on gypsum), I. phymatodea (south‐west Somalia, on granitic outcrops), I. scopiformis (central Somalia, on sand in Acacia‐Commiphora bushland), and Microcharis nematophylla (central Somalia, on sand in Acacia‐Commiphora bushland). Indigofera pseudointricata, previously known only from Socotra, is reported also from Somalia.
Wood anatomy of selected Cucurbitaceae and its relationship to habit and systematics
Authors: Carlquist Sherwin
Published: March 2008

Qualitive and quantitative data are presented on wood anatomy and cambial conformations of four species of Cucurbitaceae. Although all woody to various degrees, the four species were selected to show a wide range of habits and therefore to discern possible correlations between habit and wood anatomy. Vessels are widely spaced and libriform fibers are minimal where storage of water and carbohydrates is prominent. Axial parenchyma is dimorphic: lignified thick‐walled paratracheal may lend strength to the vessel elements (which are wider than long), whereas thin‐walled apotracheal parenchyma may lend flexibility to stems (especially in lianoid species) and serve for storage. Rays are multiseriate only and alter little from primary rays (but large multiseriate rays originate suddently in fascicular areas of one species). Distribution and abundance of libriform fibers relate to habit: most abundant in the shrubby Acanthosicyos, least in the storage‐oriented lower stems of Apondanthera). Vasicentric tracheids extend radially and interconnect vessels, potentially providing a subsidiary conductive system that would maintain the conductive pathways of the large vessels if some of those vessels were to be disabled or deactivated. Cucurbitaceae are characterized by septate fibers, vasicentric tracheids, and storied wood structure. Each of these features is found in at least half of the families now commonly included in Violales, to which Cucurbitaceae are thought to belong.
Observations on two closely related species, Chaetoceros tetrastichon and C. dadayi (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Hernández‐Becerril David U.
Published: March 2008

Two tropical‐subtropical species of the diatom genus Chaetoceros, C. tetrastichon and C. dadayi were studied in light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, from plankton samples collected in the Gulf of California, off the coasts of Baja California and the Mediterranean Sea. Both species are usually found to be attached to a tintinnid. The basic structure of both species agrees with previous studies of species belonging to the subgenus Phaeoceros, including the finely perforated cell wall of the valves and the presence of one rimoportula in every valve of the cells in the chain, which is located in the centre of the annulus. A clear costae pattern was found in C. tetrastichon, but it is less apparent in C. dadayi. Other differences between the two species are the direction and morphology of the setae, especially the anterior terminal ones, and the number of girdle bands. Questions on the function of the setae in Chaetoceros continue offering matter for speculation.
Notes on Tragia, Dalechampia and Clutia (Euphorbiaceae) in Ethiopia and Somalia
Authors: Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

Tragia mitis is lectotypified and T. cinerea is neotypified. T. abortiva, T. ashiae, T. crenata, T. doryodes, T. mixta, T. negeliensis, T. triumfettoides and T. uncinata are described as new. The new combination Dalechampia pavoniifolia is made. Clutia lanceolata is extended to include African material and the new combination Clutia lanceolata ssp. robusta made.
New pair‐spined species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Carter Susan
Published: March 2008

Eighteen new species of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia are described and their relationships discussed. All are endemic to Somalia, with limited distributions in the northern Regions. One, E. phillipsioides, has been identified mistakenly for some time as E. phillipsiae, which is shown to be conspecific with E. golisana. E. xylacantha, considered by N. E. Brown to be synonymous with E. monacantha, is reinstated as a distinct but variable species.
Uroglena dendracantha n. sp. (Chrysophyceae) from Central Småland, Sweden
Authors: Cronberg Gertrud
Published: March 2008

In June 1991 a peculiar Uroglena species was found in two small ponds, the Ugglehult Ponds, situated close to Aneboda, central Småland, Sweden. The colonies contained well‐developed spiny stomatocysts. An EM investigation verified that this Uroglena was a new species which has here been given the name Uroglena dendracantha because of the conspicous tree‐like spines.
Studies on the ecology and host specificity of Balbiania investiens (Rhodophyceae)
Authors: Kronborg Leif
Published: March 2008

Finds of the rare epiphytic rhodophyte Balbiania investiens (Acrochaetiales) from River Österdalälven in Dalecarlia, Sweden, are described. Its distribution, history and taxonomy are presented and discussed. Information on its host, represented by certain species of the genus Batrachospermum (Nemalionales), is given with particular reference to ecology and distribution in Sweden. The algal composition and water chemistry of one new Swedish location are presented and categorized according to Israelson's classification of Scandinavian running waters.
Ceramium gobii n. sp. (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales), a brackish‐water red alga in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Wærn Mats
Published: March 2008

A geographical survey was made of the distribution of diaphanoid Ceramia in the Baltic Sea and adjacent waters west of the Baltic. It was found that Ceramium plants with so‐called ‘Gobi's’ parasporangia (monosporangia) have a wide distribution in the Baltic Sea at salinities of ca (3) 5–8%. This brackish‐water Ceramium is here described as a new species, Ceramium gobii. At higher salinities in the south of the Baltic Sea and on the Swedish west coast, round parasporangia (polysporangia) indicate the occurrence of other Ceramium species. The new species is very similar to the brackish‐water species Ceramium radiculosum, which was described from river‐mouths to the Gulf of Trieste (Italy). A comparison was made of several diaphanoid Ceramium species, C. diaphanum, C. tenuicorne, C. gobii, and C. radiculosum, including (1) size of male plants, (2) type of paraspores, (3) vegetative characters.
A new species and additional chromosome counts of Hyacinthella in Turkey
Authors: Persson K. , Persson J.
Published: March 2008

Hyacinthella lazulina is described as new to science. The new species is closest to H. heldreichii, but has a different chromosome number, 2n = 22, and a vicariant distribution E of its sister species in southern Turkey. Distinguishing features and geographical distribution of the two species are discussed, and a map including all known localities is provided. A new key to the Turkish taxa has been constructed, and new chromosome counts for all but two species are included.
Notes on the genus Acer (Aceraceae) in Thailand
Authors: Santisuk Thawatchai
Published: March 2008

Acer chiangdaoense Santisuk is proposed as a new species from Northern Thailand. The relationships of the other Thai species of Acer is briefly discussed. A. garrettii is reduced to a synonym of A. laurinum.
A new species of Ceropegia (Asclepiadaceae) from India
Authors: Swarupanandan K. , Mangaly Jose K.
Published: March 2008

Ceropegia schumanniana, a new species belonging to Asclepiadaceae is described from the Western Ghats of India.
A survey on the intraclear inclusions in the Schrophulariaceae and their systematic significance
Authors: Bigazzi Massimo
Published: March 2008

A survey of nuclear inclusions in chlorenchyma cells is given for 290 taxa of the Scrophulariaceae, covering 72 genera; 172 are new data and the remainder are from previous reports by the author. In addition to the 5 types of nuclear inclusions already determined by their different ultrastructural morphology — amorphous (A), lamellar (L), fibrillar (F), tubular (T), and crystalline (C) — and to subtypes C2, three new subtypes — A2, L2, T2 ‐ specific to certain genera or small groups of genera are reported. These new subtypes are described in detail and their distribution in the family discussed. Although the proteinic nature was unquestionably demonstrated, the origin and function of plant nuclear inclusions is far from being understood. In the Scrophulariaceae they have been recognized in 242 out of 290 taxa studied (83.4%), in a total of 60 out of 72 genera (83.3%). On the basis of the occurrence and qualitative distribution of the nuclear inclusions, the family can be subdivided into four main group: 1) with lamellar inclusions, 2) with amorphous inclusions, 3) with inclusions other than those in the two former groups, and 4) with no nuclear inclusions. The relationship between the distribution on the nuclear inclusions throughout the family and the current systematic arrangement into subfamilies are analyzed and the transfer of some genera to different tribes or to a tribe of their own is proposed, e.g., in the case of Mimulus, Leucocarpus, Halleria, Russelia, Angelonia, Rehmannia, and Campylanthus. Finally, a possible evolutionary trend of the different types of nuclear inclusions based on their structural complexity and on the occurrence in allied families is offered.
Pollen morphology in Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae, Psychotrieae) and its taxonomic significance. A preliminary survey
Authors: Johansson Jan Thomas
Published: March 2008

The pollen morphology in 168 species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Rubiodeae, Psychotrieae) has been investigated using light microscopy and, for 61 of the speices, scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopical studies have been carried out for seven of the species. Psychorria is very heterogeneoous pollen morphologically and pollen grain characteristics cannot be used for the delimination of the basis of aperture morphology, thickness of exine, size of lumina, muri, columellae and bacula, and sculpture. A key to the identificantion of the pollen types is presented and all types are issstrated. The pollen grains in Psychotria are usually 3–to 5colporte, 3‐to 5‐colpate or inapertuarate, rarely 2–4‐or 5‐porate, and have an exine that vanes widely in thickness. The sexine is reticulate, microreticulate, tectate‐perforate, rugulate or intectate, and smooth or sculptured. Exine morphology presents important characters for the taxonomic subdivision of Psychotria. Previous intrageneric classifications are in part supported by pollen morphology, but contradictions between this and other sets of charactes, such as inflorescence features. are common.
Pteropyrum naufelum (Polygonaceae), a new species from Iraq
Authors: Al‐Khayat A. Husain
Published: March 2008

Pteropyrum naufelum, a new species from Iraq, is described and illustrated. It is based on specimens collected in 1962 near the Iraqi boarder.
Deviating chromosome numbers in Asclepiadaceae
Authors: Albers F. , Liede S. , Meve U.
Published: March 2008

The most common base chromosome number in the Asclepiadaceae is x = 11. Deviating base chromosome numbers have been found in the genera Cynanchum, Microloma, and Sarcostemma. An account is also given of previously published deviating chromosome numbers in the Asclepiadaceae.
A new species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from northeast tropical Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The new species Kalanchoe subrosulata from deciduous bushlands in southwestern Somalia and northeastern Kenya is described and illustrated.
The Orchids of Indochina
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Following the treatment of the orchid flora of Thailand in the series “Orchid Genera in Thailand and the recent paper by G. Seidenfaden & J. J. Wood 1992 on “The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore”, the present paper aims at filling the gap in our knowledge of the orchids of the Southeastasiatic mainland by compiling a survey of the orchids of Indochina, here understood as covering the areas of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. It is found that the family is represented here by 140 genera with a total of some 800 species. Keys to their identification are supplied, and the enumeration is complemented by 306 analytical figures and 32 colourplates. Two new monotypic genera, Deceptor and Cleisostomopsis, and 12 new species are proposed.