bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using weight loss to predict outcome and define a humane endpoint in preclinical sepsis studies
Authors: Brochut Maëlick , Heinonen Tytti , Snäkä Tiia , Gilbert Charly , Le Roy Didier , Roger Thierry
Published: September 2024

Preclinical mouse models are critical for understanding the pathophysiological response to infections and developing treatment strategies for sepsis. In keeping with ethical values, researchers follow guidelines to minimize the suffering of the mice. Weight loss is a criteria used as a humane end point, but there is no official recommendation for a maximum weight loss leading to euthanasia. To evaluate whether the thresholds used in daily practice are optimal, we performed a comprehensive retrospective analysis of data generated over 10 years with > 2300 mice used in models of infection with Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and H1N1 influenza virus. Weight loss segregated mice that survived from those that did not. Statistical analyses revealed that lowering the weight loss thresholds used (none, 30% or 20%) would have increased mortality rates due to the sacrifice of mice that survived infections (p < 0.01–0.001). Power calculations showed high variability and reduction of power as weight loss thresholds approached 20% for S. pneumoniae and L. monocytogenes models. Hence, weight loss thresholds need to be adapted to each model of infection used in a laboratory. Overall, weight loss is a valuable predictor of mortality that contributes to the robustness of composite scores. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive study exploring the relationship between weight loss threshold and sepsis outcome. It underscores the importance of the infection-model-specific evaluation of weight loss for use in clinical scores defining humane endpoints to minimize mouse suffering without compromising statistical power and scientific objectives.
Understanding activity and physiology at scale: The Apple Heart & Movement Study
Authors: Truslow James , Spillane Angela , Lin Huiming , Cyr Katherine , Ullal Adeeti , Arnold Edith , Huang Ron , Rhodes Laura , Block Jennifer , Stark Jamie , Kretlow James , Beatty Alexis L. , Werdich Andreas , Bankar Deepali , Bianchi Matt , Shapiro Ian , Villalpando Jaime , Ravindran Sharon , Mance Irida , Phillips Adam , Earl John , Deo Rahul C. , Desai Sumbul A. , MacRae Calum A.
Published: September 2024

Physical activity or structured exercise is beneficial in a wide range of circumstances. Nevertheless, individual-level data on differential responses to various types of activity are not yet sufficient in scale, duration or level of annotation to understand the mechanisms of discrete outcomes nor to support personalized recommendations. The Apple Heart & Movement Study was designed to passively collect the dense physiologic data accessible on Apple Watch and iPhone from a large real-world cohort distributed across the US in order to address these knowledge gaps.
Design of a monolithic silicon-on-insulator resonator spiking neuron
Authors: Tamura Marcus , Morison Hugh , Tait Alexander N. , Shastri Bhavin J.
Published: September 2024

Increasingly, artificial intelligent systems look to neuromorphic photonics for its speed and its low loss, high bandwidth interconnects. Silicon photonics has shown promise to enable the creation of large scale neural networks. Here, we propose a monolithic silicon opto-electronic resonator spiking neuron. Existing designs of photonic spiking neurons have difficulty scaling due to their dependence on certain nonlinear effects, materials, and devices. The design discussed here uses optical feedback from the transmission of a continuously pumped microring PN modulator to achieve excitable dynamics. It is cascadable, capable of operating at GHz speeds, and compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing schemes for linear weighting. It is a Class 2 excitable device via a subcritical Hopf bifurcation constructed from devices commonly found in many silicon photonic chip foundries.
Label-free detection of the cytotoxicity effect of cisplatin in human leukemic cells using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analysis
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Weng Shenghe , Zhong Weixiong , Huang Hao , Yang Chuanhe , Yang Jian , Ye Liangling , Chen Wenshan , Song Chunge , Du Shiyuan , Chen Xiaohu , Yu Yun
Published: September 2024

Raman spectroscopy combined with PLS-SVM has great potential for evaluating cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin in human leukemic cells.
Photodynamic hemostatic silk fibroin film with photo-controllable modulation of macrophages for bacteria-infected wound healing
Authors: Tang Xiaoxuan , Wu Wenpin , Zhang Shuxuan , He Chang , Fan Kewei , Fan Yulan , Yang Xuewa , Li Jiaying , Yang Yumin , Ling Jue
Published: September 2024

A silk fibroin-based film with light-induced non-compressible hemostasis and photo-controllable macrophage polarization modulation activity was developed to promote bacteria infected wound healing.
Correction: Recent applications of organic cages in sensing and separation processes in solution
Authors: La Cognata Sonia , Amendola Valeria
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Recent applications of organic cages in sensing and separation processes in solution’ by Sonia La Cognata et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 13668–13678, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC04522F.
An overview: dinuclear palladium complexes for organic synthesis
Authors: Yadav Sarita , Yadav Sangeeta , Natarajan Mookan , Pant Kamal Kishore , Tomar Ravi
Published: September 2024

From materials science and polymer chemistry to organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, cross-coupling has influenced many scientific fields.
A metal-free route to substituted imidazolidines via ring-opening cyclization (ROC) of activated aziridines with N-benzylanilines: DA-COP catalyzed photo-oxidative C–H activation
Authors: Kumar Manish , Singh Bharat , Singh Sugandha , Verma Indresh , Kar Kamal K. , Ghorai Manas K.
Published: September 2024

A metal-free, conjugated organic polymer (TPA-PQ)-catalyzed intramolecular C–H functionalization strategy for the synthesis of imidazolidines in the presence of light and O2 is reported.
Octahedral molybdenum iodide clusters with pyrazole or pyrazolate ligands
Authors: Kozlova Ksenia S. , Berezin Alexey S. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Shestopalov Michael A. , Ivanov Anton A.
Published: September 2024

Hexaaqua or hexahydroxo molybdenum iodide cluster complexes obtained in one step were shown to be accessible complexes for synthesis of clusters with pyrazole or pyrazolate ligands.
Revealing the role of redox reaction selectivity and mass transfer in current–voltage predictions for ensembles of photocatalysts
Authors: Barrera Luisa , Layne Bradley W. , Chen Zejie , Watanabe Kenta , Kudo Akihiko , Esposito Daniel V. , Ardo Shane , Bala Chandran Rohini
Published: September 2024

A powerful detailed-balance model predicts optimal gains with many optically thin photo absorbers instead of one thick absorber. Selectivity and efficiency are controlled by redox species mass-transfer rates regardless of kinetic asymmetry.
Heat pump integrated with latent heat energy storage
Authors: Xie Baoshan , Du Shuai , Wang Ruzhu , Kou Xiaoxue , Jiang Jiatong , Li Chuanchang
Published: September 2024

The heat pump integrated with latent heat storage is an efficient heat decarbonization technology for improving of thermal energy storage efficiency in terms of quantity and quality using renewable energy and off-peak electricity.
Rational design principles of single-atom catalysts for hydrogen production and hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Yuan Xinyue , Guo Han , Zhang Xin , Peng Jiatian , Pan Yuan
Published: September 2024

This review summarizes the research progress of single-atom catalysts (SACs) in hydrogen production and hydrogenation, and proposes the rational design principles of SACs for hydrogen production and hydrogenation firstly.
Vinegar – a beneficial food additive: production, safety, possibilities, and applications from ancient to modern times
Authors: Khalifa Shaden A. M. , El-Shabasy Rehan M. , Tahir Haroon Elrasheid , Abo-Atya Doaa M. , Saeed Aamer , Abolibda Tariq Z. , Guo Zhiming , Zou Xiaobo , Zhang Di , Du Ming , Kai Guoyin , Buccato Daniele Giuseppe , Daglia Maria , Zhao Chao , El-Seedi Hesham R.
Published: September 2024

Vinegar is a natural product derived from fruits or grains after being subjected to food fermentation processes.
Lead toxicity mitigation effect of a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum–chondroitin sulfate complex revealed by microbiome and metabolomic analyses
Authors: Chen Feng , Pan Jiani , Yu Leilei , Zhang Chuan , Zhao Jianxin , Tian Fengwei , Zhai Qixiao , Chen Wei
Published: September 2024

A complex of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 and chondroitin sulfate alleviates lead toxicity in lead-exposed mice.
Optimization of a plasmonic lens structure for maximum optical vortices induced on Weyl semimetal surface states
Authors: Banerjee Ritwik , Maiti Tanmoy
Published: September 2024

A unified mathematical equation of a polygonal plasmonic lens is proposed, which can calculate the electric field intensity and phase-distribution maps of any polygonal lens.
High-load Mg2Ni nanoparticle-carbon nanofiber composites for hydrogen storage
Authors: Ruiz-Santacruz Eduardo David , Vega-Soria José de Jesús , Cruz-Jiménez Aura Karina , Caudillo-Flores Uriel , Torres-García Nidia Libia , Suárez-Alcántara Karina
Published: September 2024

ATEM image of nanoparticles of as-prepared Mg2Ni for hydrogen storage.
Fabrication of one-dimensional nanostructures standing vertically on a substrate through layer-by-layer deposition
Authors: Liu Fang-Chih , Liao Yu-Hsun , Hsu Su-Wen
Published: September 2024

LBL deposition has been widely used to prepare nanocomposites with controllable properties, where the controllability of nanocomposite properties can be further enhanced by combining the self-assembly of hard materials in soft materials.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-initiated epoxide/anhydride ring-opening copolymerization: effective and selective organoinitiators for the production of various polyesters
Authors: Printz Gaël , Shuvo Redoy Gazi , Schweizer Antoine , Ryzhakov Dmytro , Gourlaouen Christophe , Lantigner Lielou , Jacques Béatrice , Messaoudi Samir , Le Bideau Franck , Dagorne Samuel
Published: September 2024

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are efficient initiators for the alternating ring-opening co-polymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides to selectively access polyesters in a well-defined manner and as metal-free materials.
Cost-effective conversion of “stones” into high-performance capacitor carbon through a solid–solid inorganic chemical reaction
Authors: Bu Yongfeng , Wang Shihao , Li Yuman , Tang Shengda , Kang Qin , Zhu Zhaomin , Li Hui , Pan Li , Liang Hongyu
Published: September 2024

A cost-effective method to gently convert stone into high-specific-surface-area porous carbon is presented. The supercapacitor performance exceeds that of YP50F. The method bridges the gap between carbon neutrality and clean energy applications.
Visible-light excited copper activating unactivated alkyl iodides for radical addition/cyclization to access oxindole derivatives
Authors: Luo Hang , Yu Fangnian , Lin Luqing
Published: September 2024

The photocopper catalyst facilitates halogen atom transfer to give unactivated alkyl radicals, which is critical for achieving radical cyclization in the absence of an exogenous photocatalyst.
Towards the total synthesis of mandelalide B: construction of the tetrahydrofuran/α-hydroxyl lactone fragment
Authors: Yan Jia-Lei , Yu Jie , Cheng Yingying , Yang Mingze , Xu Zhengshuang , Ye Tao
Published: September 2024

A stereocontrolled synthesis of the tetrahydrofuran/α-hydroxy lactone fragment of mandelalide B has been accomplished. The synthesis features a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons fragment assembly strategy and a highly stereospecific iodine-induced cyclization.
Core-size and geometry versus toxicity in small amino terminated PAMAM dendrimers
Authors: Hansen Claus Bøge , Janaszewska Anna , Dąbrzalska Monika , Marcinkowska Monika , Klajnert-Maculewicz Barbara , Christensen Jørn Bolstad
Published: September 2024

The toxicity of 6 small dendrimers has been investigated in three different human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, THP-1) and the endothelial skin cell line HMEC-1 in order to evaluate their potential as vehicles for drug delivery.
Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified redox-sensitive polymeric mixed micelles for tumor-specific intracellular delivery of cantharidin
Authors: Hu Yu , Lan Tian , Li Ji , Li Lingjun , Song Jizheng
Published: September 2024

The preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified and redox-sensitive polymeric mixed micelles loaded cantharidin (CTD) which could target to hepatoma carcinoma cell and release CTD rapidly.
Synthesis, kinetics, mechanisms, and bioactivity evaluations of a novel Zn(ii) complex
Authors: Dey Anwesha , Kumar Ramesh , Dutta Bhramar , Bandopadhyay Rajib , Chakrabortty Sankha , Khan Moonis Ali , Saratale Rijuta Ganesh , Saratale Ganesh Dattatraya , Jeon Byong Hun , Ghosh Alak K.
Published: September 2024

Zn(ii)-based anticancer drugs can be suitable alternatives to conventional Pt(ii)-based drugs because of the unique chemical properties of Zn(ii) and low toxicity.
Characterization of dolomite and calcite microcalcifications in human breast tissue
Authors: Gal Sahar , Pavan Mariela J. , Vidavsky Netta
Published: September 2024

Microcalcifications within minimally processed tissue sections from breast cancer patients were analyzed. Most of these microcalcifications were calcite and dolomite crystals, with dolomite being observed in tumorous tissue for the first time.
CuO nanoparticles: green combustion synthesis, applications to antioxidant, photocatalytic and sensor studies
Authors: Prakruthi Raju , Deepakumari Hemavathi Nagaraju
Published: September 2024

The use of metal oxide nanoparticles for heterogeneous photodegradation is a prominent method for the removal of organic dyes from water resources.
Essential aspects of the CFD software modelling of biomass gasification processes in downdraft reactors
Authors: Yu ZiTeng , Wang ZiXing , Zhong HuiXiong , Cheng KeKe
Published: September 2024

Different designs of downdraft gasifiers. Gasifier with open top (1), gasifier with closed (2).
Novel halogenated cyclopentadienyl hafnium precursor for atomic layer deposition of high-performance HfO2 thin film
Authors: Park Sangwook , Choi Yoona , Park Sunwoo , Lee Hayoon , Lee Kiho , Park Jongwook , Jeon Woojin
Published: September 2024

By introducing iodo, we developed a novel Hf precursor for the HfO2 ALD deposition process that improved the adsorption characteristics and, in turn, suppressed interfacial layer formation, and enhanced leakage current characteristics.
Synthesis, mixed-spin-state structure and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of amphiphilic Fe(iii) quinolylsalicylaldiminate complexes
Authors: Poungsripong Peeranuch , Boonprab Theerapoom , Harding Phimphaka , Murray Keith S. , Phonsri Wasinee , Zhang Ningjin , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Harding David J.
Published: September 2024

Three amphiphilic iron(iii) spin crossover complexes are reported which form stable Langmuir–Blodgett films. The alkyl chains also modulate spin crossover behaviour.
Design, synthesis, analgesic, antibacterial and docking studies of novel 8-piperazinylcaffeine carboxylate ionic liquids
Authors: Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Behrouz Somayeh , Yazdi Parichehr Halaj , Hashemi Seyedeh-Sara , Behrouz Marzieh
Published: September 2024

The design, synthesis, characterization, analgesic, antibacterial properties and docking studies of novel 8-piperazinylcaffeine carboxylate ionic liquids have been described.
Improving the teaching of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Natalis Vincent , Leyh Bernard
Published: September 2024

Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics have long been identified as difficult concepts to teach in the physical chemistry curriculum. Their highly abstract nature, mathematical complexity and emergent nature underscore the necessity to better link classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics. The objectives of this systematic review are thus to scope the solutions suggested by the literature to improve entropy teaching. ERIC and SCOPUS databases were searched for articles aiming primarily at this objective, generating N = 315 results. N = 91 articles were selected, among which N = 9 reported quantitative experimental data and underwent a meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed by the standards criteria of What Works Clearinghouse. Results from the qualitative selection show diverse solutions to solve the entropy teaching hurdles, such as connection to everyday life, visualization, mathematics management by demonstrations, games and simulations, criticism and replacement of the disorder metaphor and curriculum assessment. The synthetic meta-analysis results show high but uncertain effect sizes. Implications for teachers and researchers are discussed.
Exploration, expansion and definition of the atropopeptide family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides
Authors: Biermann Friederike , Tan Bin , Breitenbach Milena , Kakumu Yuya , Nanudorn Pakjira , Dimitrova Yoana , Walker Allison S. , Ueoka Reiko , Helfrich Eric J. N.
Published: September 2024

A machine learning-based algorithm was developed to map the biosynthetic space of a peptide family characterized by intricate 3D shapes, and facilitated the characterization of complex peptides with varying length, complexity and types of modifications.
Stereogenic-at-iron mesoionic carbene complex for enantioselective C–H amidation
Authors: Demirel Nemrud , Dawor Mahiob , Nadler Greta , Ivlev Sergei I. , Meggers Eric
Published: September 2024

Stereogenic-at-iron complexes, featuring strongly σ-donating mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands, exhibit enhanced catalytic efficiency compared to their normal N-heterocyclic carbene congeners in nitrene-mediated ring-closing C(sp3)–H amidations.
Stabilizing ultra-close Pt clusters on all-in-one CeO2/Al2O3 fibril-in-tubes against sintering
Authors: Fu Wanlin , Yin Kuibo , Li Zhihui , Wang Jun , Tang Mingyu , Tian Jilan , Sun Litao , Sun Yueming , Dai Yunqian
Published: September 2024

All-in-one designed CeO2/Al2O3 fibril-in-tubes boost the sinter-resistance of ultra-close 2.3 nm Pt clusters to over 750 °C, which is far beyond their Tammann temperature, even in an oxidative and steam-containing atmosphere.
Key developments in magnesiothermic reduction of silica: insights into reactivity and future prospects
Authors: Yan Maximilian , Martell Sarah , Patwardhan Siddharth V. , Dasog Mita
Published: September 2024

This perspective summarizes the mechanism and factors affecting magnesiothermic reduction reaction to make porous silicon for energy storage and fuel generation applications.
The catalytic oxidation of HCHO on metal single atoms supported by defective graphene: essential roles of the d electrons and radius of metal atoms
Authors: Jiang Quanguo , Yang Jiawei , Li Shihao , Huang Huajie , Ao Zhimin
Published: September 2024

Density functional theory calculations combined with a machine learning model reveal that the synergistic effects of the d electrons and atomic radius of metal atoms endow Cr-SG with good performance for HCHO catalytic oxidation.
Anionic engineering of a p-dopant enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yin Haomiao , Wan Zhongquan , Zhu Jinqing , Xia Jianxing , Azam Muhammad , Yang Hua , Zeng Huaibiao , Wei Runmin , Wang Yuanxi , Luo Junsheng , Jia Chunyang
Published: September 2024

Anion alternative strategy using the novel Li-BCF dopant for PTAA results in efficient and stable molecular doping, leading to high-performance PSCs.
Magnetic CoFe alloy–Co supported on mesoporous carbon as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of bensulfuron-methyl: insight into the effect of calcination temperature on carbon defects and singlet oxygen
Authors: Yuan Chao , Sheng Jialing , Guo Shuke , Wang Xiaoyu , Xu Jiangyan , Jiang Hongmei
Published: September 2024

CoFe–Co/MC with abundant carbon defects was prepared to activate PMS to remove BSM. Adjusting the calcination temperature can regulate the content of carbon defect and the main active specie 1O2, further improving catalytic activity.
Strategic cation exchange induced 2D nickel sulphide nanoplates with enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Xu Xiaomin , Mao Rundong , Wang Cuifang , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Yin Zongyou , Buntine Mark A. , Suvorova Alexandra , Saunders Martin , Shao Zongping , Jia Guohua
Published: September 2024

A cation exchange method enables the synthesis of highly crystalline 2D NixS nanoplates with fine-tuned morphology. These nanoplates exhibit excellent OER performance, achieving a 329 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and a 52 mV dec−1 Tafel slope.
Towards enhanced transparent conductive nanocomposites based on metallic nanowire networks coated with metal oxides: a brief review
Authors: Sekkat Abderrahime , Sanchez-Velasquez Camilo , Bardet Laetitia , Weber Matthieu , Jiménez Carmen , Bellet Daniel , Muñoz-Rojas David , Nguyen Viet Huong
Published: September 2024

Silver nanowire networks, coated with metal oxides, are extensively studied from a fundamental perspective. This review summarizes their integration into various applications and guides metal oxide selection based on specific device requirements.
Regulating emissions of a o-carborane-based molecule through molecular vibrations coupled with molecular orientations in solid states
Authors: Li Junfeng , Shi Shunan , Deng Yuhang , Ma Jiamian , Wu Wei , Chen Yu , Yan Yu , Lai Wen-Yong
Published: September 2024

The multi-emissions of o-carborane based molecules were triggered by the synergistic conformational changes through C1–C2 stretching vibrations responding to environmental temperature.
Ultra-stable CsPbBr3-embedded polymer films for spectrally tunable X-ray nuclear batteries and flexible radiation imaging applications
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Xu Zhiheng , Yang Dandan , Xu Zhibin , Yin Weitong , Tang Xiaobin
Published: September 2024

CsPbBr3-embedded polystyrene films exhibit excellent luminescence stability in various environments and have the special advantages of achieving spectral regulation of radioluminescent nuclear batteries and X-ray imaging of irregular objects.
Self-supporting Ru3+ doped copper phosphate with Pt/C-like hydrogen evolution reaction activity
Authors: Wang Meiting , Jian Juan , Wang Zhuo , Xue Xiangxin , Nie Ping , Chang Limin
Published: September 2024

The in situ achieved Ru3+–Cu3(PO4)2 displays enhanced electrocatalytic properties compared to pure Cu3(PO4)2 and shows Pt/C-like hydrogen evolution reaction activity.
Metal coordination-induced time-dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) in multi-component-doped films for multifunctional applications
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Zhang Lan , Dong Mengjiao , Xie Yingjie , Yu Peng , Guo Xiaoqin , Liang Fu-shun , Zhao Jianfeng , Geng Yun
Published: September 2024

The time-dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) towards anti-Kasha emission from the T2 energy level was activated by coordination effects in the multi-component system TPy-BA/ZnCl2/PVA.
High-resolution observations of recurrent jets from an arch filament system
Authors: Joshi Reetika , Rouppe van der Voort Luc , Schmieder Brigitte , Moreno-Insertis Fernando , Prasad Avijeet , Aulanier Guillaume , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel
Published: September 2024

Context. Solar jets are collimated plasma ejections along magnetic field lines observed in hot (extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) jets) and cool (chromospheric surges) temperature diagnostics. Their trigger mechanisms and the relationship between hot and cool jets are still not completely understood.

Aims. We aim to investigate the generation of a sequence of active-region solar jets and their evolution from the photospheric to the coronal heights using multithermal observations from ground-based and space-borne instruments.

Methods. Using the synergy of high-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-resolution observations by the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), along with the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we analyzed a sequence of solar jets originating in a mixed-polarity region between the leading and following sunspots of an active region. We investigated the kinematics of these jets using the spectra from the SST observations. We used a non-force-free field (NFFF) extrapolation technique to derive the magnetic field topology of the active region.

Results. A mixed-polarity region is formed over a long period (24 hours) with persistent magnetic flux emergence. This region has been observed as an arch filament system (AFS) in chromospheric SST observations. In this region, negative polarities surrounded by positive polarities create a fan surface with a null point at a height of 6 Mm detected in the NFFF extrapolation. SST observations in the Hβ spectral line reveal a large flux rope over the AFS moving from north to south, causing successive EUV and cool jets to move in the east–west direction and later towards the south along the long open loops.

Conclusions. The high-resolution SST observations (0″.038 per pixel) resolve the dark area observed at the jet base and reveal the existence of an AFS with an extended cool jet, which may be the result of a peeling-like mechanism of the AFS. Based on the combined analysis of SST and AIA observations along with extrapolated magnetic topology, it is suggested that the magnetic reconnection site may move southward by approximately 20 Mm until it reaches a region where the open magnetic field lines are oriented north–south.
Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C-MetaLL) survey
Authors: Trentin E. , Catanzaro G. , Ripepi V. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Molinaro R. , Storm J. , De Somma G. , Marconi M. , Bhardwaj A. , Gatto M. , Musella I. , Testa V.
Published: September 2024

Context. Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) are crucial for calibrating the extragalactic distance ladder, ultimately enabling the determination of the Hubble constant through the period-luminosity (PL) and period-Wesenheit (PW) relations that they exhibit. Hence, it is vital to understand how the PL and PW relations depend on metallicity. This is the purpose of the C-MetaLL survey, within which this work is situated. The DCEPs are also very important tracers of the young populations placed along the Galactic disc.

Aims. We aim to enlarge the sample of DCEPs with accurate abundances from high-resolution spectroscopy. In particular, our goal is to extend the range of measured metallicities towards the metal-poor regime to better cover the parameter space. To this end, we observed objects in a wide range of Galactocentric radii, allowing us to study in detail the abundance gradients present in the Galactic disc.

Methods. We present the results of the analysis of 331 spectra obtained for 180 individual DCEPs with a variety of high-resolution spectrographs. For each target, we derived accurate atmospheric parameters, radial velocities, and abundances for up to 29 different species. The iron abundances range between 0.5 and −1 dex with a rather homogeneous distribution in metallicity.

Results. The sample presented in this paper was complemented with that already published in the context of the C-MetaLL survey, resulting in a total of 292 pulsators whose spectra have been analysed in a homogeneous way. These data were used to study the abundance gradients of the Galactic disc in a range of Galactocentric radii (RGC) spanning the range of 5–20 kpc.

Conclusions. For most of the elements, we have found a clear negative gradient, with a slope of −0.064 ± 0.003 dex kpc−1 for [Fe/H] case. Through a qualitative fit with the Galactic spiral arms, we show how our farthest targets (RGC > 10 kpc) trace both the Outer and Outer Scutum-Centaurus arms. The homogeneity of the sample will be of pivotal importance for the study of the metallicity dependence of the DCEP PL relations.
Unveiling the short and faint X-ray transient nature of IGR J17419–2802
Authors: Sguera V. , Sidoli L.
Published: September 2024

We report new X-ray results from the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), Swift, Chandra, and XMM–Newton observations of the hitherto poorly studied unidentified X-ray transient IGR J17419−2802. We studied in detail the temporal, spectral, and energetic properties of three hard X-ray outbursts detected above 20 keV by INTEGRAL. They are all characterized by an average X-ray luminosity of 3 × 1035 erg s−1 and a constrained duration of a few days. This marks a peculiarly short and faint X-ray transient nature for IGR J17419−2802. From archival unpublished soft X-ray observations, we found that the source spends most of the time undetected at very low X-ray fluxes (down to < 4.7 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1) for a dynamic range > 2000 when in outburst. We provided an accurate arcsecond-sized source error circle. Inside it, we pinpointed the best candidate near-infrared counterpart whose photometric properties are compatible with a late-type spectral nature. Based on our new findings, we suggest that IGR J17419−2802 is a new member of the very faint X-ray transients (VFXTs) class. Detailed investigations of VFXT outbursts above 20 keV are particularly rare. In this respect, our reported INTEGRAL outbursts are among the best studied to date; in particular, their constrained duration of a few days is among the shortest ever measured for a VFXT.
3D hybrid fluid-particle jet simulations and the importance of synchrotron radiative losses
Authors: Kramer Joana A. , MacDonald Nicholas R. , Paraschos Georgios F. , Ricci Luca
Published: September 2024

Context. Relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei are known for their exceptional energy output, and imaging the synthetic synchrotron emission of numerical jet simulations is essential for a comparison with observed jet polarization emission.

Aims. Through the use of 3D hybrid fluid-particle jet simulations (with the PLUTO code), we overcome some of the commonly made assumptions in relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations by using non-thermal particle attributes to account for the resulting synchrotron radiation. Polarized radiative transfer and ray-tracing (via the RADMC-3D code) highlight the differences in total intensity maps when (i) the jet is simulated purely with the RMHD approach, (ii) a jet tracer is considered in the RMHD approach, and (iii) a hybrid fluid-particle approach is used. The resulting emission maps were compared to the example of the radio galaxy Centaurus A.

Methods. We applied the Lagrangian particle module implemented in the latest version of the PLUTO code. This new module contains a state-of-the-art algorithm for modeling diffusive shock acceleration and for accounting for radiative losses in RMHD jet simulations. The module implements the physical postulates missing in RMHD jet simulations by accounting for a cooled ambient medium and strengthening the central jet emission.

Results. We find a distinction between the innermost structure of the jet and the back-flowing material by mimicking the radio emission of the Seyfert II radio galaxy Centaurus A when considering an edge-brightened jet with an underlying purely toroidal magnetic field. We demonstrate the necessity of synchrotron cooling as well as the improvements gained when directly accounting for non-thermal synchrotron radiation via non-thermal particles.
A search for mode coupling in magnetic bright points
Authors: Berberyan A. , Keys P. H. , Jess D. B. , Christian D. J.
Published: September 2024

Context. Magnetic bright points (MBPs) are one of the smallest manifestations of the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere and are observed to extend from the photosphere up to the chromosphere. As such, they represent an excellent feature to use in searches for types of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and mode coupling in the solar atmosphere.

Aims. In this work, we aim to study wave propagation in the lower solar atmosphere by comparing intensity oscillations in the photosphere with the chromosphere via a search for possible mode coupling, in order to establish the importance of these types of waves in the solar atmosphere, and their contribution to heating the chromosphere.

Methods. These observations were conducted in July 2011 with the Rapid Oscillations of the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) and the Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics Camera (HARDCam) instruments at the Dunn Solar Telescope. Observations with good seeing were made in the G-band and Hα wave bands. Speckle reconstruction and several post facto techniques were applied to return science-ready images. The spatial sampling of the images was 0.069″/pixel (50 km/pixel). We used wavelet analysis to identify traveling MHD waves and derive frequencies in the different bandpasses. We isolated a large sample of MBPs using an automated tracking algorithm throughout our observations. Two dozen of the brightest MBPs were selected from the sample for further study.

Results. We find oscillations in the G-band MBPs, with frequencies between 1.5 and 3.6 mHz. Corresponding MBPs in the lower solar chromosphere observed in Hα show a frequency range of 1.4–4.3 mHz. In about 38% of the MBPs, the ratio of Hα to G-band frequencies was near two. Thus, these oscillations show a form of mode coupling where the transverse waves in the photosphere are converted into longitudinal waves in the chromosphere. The phases of the Hα and G-band light curves show strong positive and negative correlations only 21% and 12% of the time, respectively.

Conclusions. From simple estimates we find an energy flux of ≈45 × 103 W m−2 and show that the energy flowing through MBPs is enough to heat the chromosphere, although higher-resolution data are needed to explore this contribution further. Regardless, mode coupling is important in helping us understand the types of MHD waves in the lower solar atmosphere and the overall energy budget.
Escape from compact sets of normal curves in subfinsler Carnot groups
Authors: Le Donne Enrico , Paddeu Nicola
Published: September 2024

In the setting of subFinsler Carnot groups, we consider curves that satisfy the normal equation coming from the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. We show that, unless it is constant, each such a curve leaves every compact set, quantitatively. Namely, the distance between the points at time 0 and time t grows at least of the order of t1/s, where s denotes the step of the Carnot group. In particular, in subFinsler Carnot groups there are no periodic normal geodesics.
Maximizers of nonlocal interactions of Wasserstein Type
Authors: Burchard Almut , Carazzato Davide , Topaloglu Ihsan
Published: September 2024

We characterize the maximizers of a functional that involves the minimization of the Wasserstein distance between sets of equal volume. We prove that balls are the only maximizers by combining a symmetrization-by-reflection technique with the uniqueness of optimal transport plans. Further, in one dimension, we provide a sharp quantitative refinement of this maximality result.
Proximale Femurfrakturen
Authors: Faust Leon-Marcel , Keppler Alexander Martin , Schöneberg Carsten , Liener Ulrich Christoph , Böcker Wolfgang , Neuerburg Carl
Published: September 2024

Proximale Femurfrakturen gehören zu den häufigsten Osteoporose-assoziierten
Fragilitätsfrakturen des älteren Menschen und zeigen durch den demographischen
Wandel steigende Inzidenzen. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit proximalen
Femurfrakturen ist komplex. Das orthogeriatrische Co-Management bezeichnet dabei
die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit aller involvierten
Fachrichtungen und Berufsgruppen. Im Fokus liegt die Wiederherstellung der
bestmöglichen Mobilität und Funktionalität als primäres Behandlungsziel.
Chirurgisch existieren verschiedene moderne Osteosyntheseverfahren, welche
insbesondere bei Patienten mit pertrochantären Femurfrakturen eingesetzt werden
können. Aufseiten der Schenkelhalsfrakturen ist in aller Regel ein
endoprothetischer Gelenkersatz nötig. In beiden Fällen soll nach der Operation
eine unmittelbare Mobilisation unter Vollbelastung der operierten Extremität
beginnen. Essenziell ist zudem die geriatrische Mitbehandlung der Patienten.
Diese soll durch Fachärzte mit geriatrischer Kompetenz gewährleistet werden.
Wesentliche Vorgaben der akutstationären Versorgung von Patienten mit proximalen
Femurfrakturen werden durch eine Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss
(G-BA) geregelt, welche zum 01.01.2021 in Kraft getreten ist. Der vorliegende
Artikel soll einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Aspekte zur Klinik, Diagnostik
und Therapie der proximalen Femurfrakturen geben.
Usefulness of an ultrathin endoscope in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Suzuki Yugo , Kawai Yusuke , Nomura Kosuke , Ochiai Yorinari , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Mitsunaga Yutaka , Okamura Takayuki , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsui Akira , Tanaka Masami , Hoteya Shu
Published: September 2024

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
is sometimes challenging because of stenosis and scarring. We examined the use of an ultrathin
endoscope for esophageal ESD, which is difficult using conventional endoscopes.

Patients and methods A designated transparent hood and ESD knife for ultrathin endoscopes have been developed and clinically introduced. Esophageal ESD was performed on 303 lesions in 220 patients in our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023. Of them, an ultrathin endoscope was used on 26 lesions in 23 cases. The safety and utility of an ultrathin endoscope in esophageal ESD were retrospectively verified.

Results All 26 lesions were resected en bloc, and serious complications such as perforation, massive bleeding, or pneumonia, were not observed. Lesions were found on the anal side of the stenosis and over the scarring in 38.6% (10/26) and 50% (13/26) of participants, respectively. Moreover, 46.2% of participants (12/26) had lesions on the cervical esophagus. The total procedure time was 64.1 ± 37.7 minutes, but the average time from oral incision to pocket creation was 121.2 ± 109.9 seconds.

Conclusions Ultrathin endoscopes may be useful for difficult
esophageal ESD.
Partnering with Students to Develop a Capstone for a Graduate Health Informatics Program
Authors: Jezrawi Rita , Zahorka Derka Stephanie , Warnick Elizabeth , Foley Jasmine , Patel Vritti , Pavithran Neethu , Bernier Thérèse , Wagner Nicole , Barr Neil G. , Maccio Vincent , Leyland Margaret , Lokker Cynthia
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the desirability, feasibility, and sustainability of integrating a project-based capstone course with the course-based curriculum of an interdisciplinary MSc Health Informatics program guided by a student-partnered steering committee and student-centered approach.

Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey (n = 87) and three semistructured focus groups (n = 18) of health informatics students and alumni. Survey data were analyzed descriptively. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and then analyzed using a general inductive and classic analysis approach.

Results Most students supported including a capstone project but desired an option to work independently or within a group. Students perceived several benefits to capstone courses while concerned over perceived challenges to capstone implementation, evaluation, and managing group processes. The themes identified were (1) professional development, identity, and career advancement, (2) emulating the real world and learning beyond the classroom, (3) embracing new, full-circle learning, (4) anticipated course structure, delivery, and preparation, (5) balancing student choice, interests, and priorities, and (6) concerns over group dynamics, limitations, and support.

Conclusion This study demonstrates the value of having students as partners at each stage in the process from methods conception to course curriculum design. With the steering committee and the curriculum developer, we codeveloped a student-centered course that integrates foundational digital health-related project knowledge acquisition with an inquiry-based project that can be completed independently or in small groups. This study demonstrates the potential benefits and challenges that health informatics educators may consider when (re)designing capstone courses.
Early Recognition of Drug-Induced Febrile Neutropenia Leads to an Improved Outcome in the Trauma Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report
Authors: Khurana Bisman J.K. , Hazarika Amarjyoti , Jain Kajal
Published: September 2024

Traumatic brain injury necessitates the use of antiepileptics for seizure prophylaxis, which are associated with multiple side effects including neutropenia, which may be dose dependent or idiosyncratic. We report the case of a young male with traumatic brain injury who developed febrile neutropenia, likely secondary to antiepileptic use. Early recognition and stopping of the drugs with use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor led to the successful management of the patient.
The Correlation Between CT Findings and Neurosurgical Intervention in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Isolated Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Sharma Ashwani , Jain Surendra , Sharma Vinod , Gupta Ashok , Chopra Sanjeev
Published: September 2024

Objective In patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 13 to 15, isolated subdural hematomas (iSDHs) are identified as a prevalent category of intracranial hemorrhage. The primary objective of our research was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of iSDHs, as revealed through computed tomography (CT) scans on patient admission, and the consequent necessity for neurosurgical intervention.

Materials and Methods This was a 1-year study, employing a prospective observational design at our institution. We enrolled adult trauma patients diagnosed with mTBIs and concurrent iSDHs, intent on documenting the hemorrhages' quantitative parameters such as maximum length and thickness, among other related variables. The eventual execution of neurosurgical procedures constituted our primary outcome, aiming to establish a decisive correlation between CT scan metrics of iSDHs upon admission and the imperative for subsequent surgical intervention.

Results A total of 50 patients were included in our study: 14 patients received a neurosurgical intervention and 36 patients did not. The neurosurgical intervention group had a mean maximum SDH length and thickness that were 38 mm longer and 9.6 mm thicker than those of the non-neurosurgical intervention group (p < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion In this study, we evaluated the odds of a neurosurgical intervention based on hemorrhage characteristics on CT, in patients with an iSDH and mTBI. Once validated in a second population, these data can be used to evaluate the necessity of interhospital transfers and to better inform patients and families of the risk of future neurosurgical intervention and prognosis.
Hematologic Indices and Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Barić Hrvoje , Komljenović Sara , Bilić Katarina , Migo William , Vitowanu Julius Mautin , Desnica Andrej , Mrak Goran
Published: September 2024

Objective Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is common, predominantly affects the elderly, often recurs after treatment, and can have serious complications, including death. Inflammation plays an important role in cSDH and it has been previously shown that some laboratory indices are useful as prognostic markers. The aim was to research the role of hematologic and inflammatory markers in cSDH.

Materials and Methods A single-center archival database review to retrieve data on cSDH cases operated on between 2018 and 2020, including: (1) sociodemography (age, gender), (2) clinics (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS], anticoagulants, chronic conditions), (3) laboratory (leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, red cell distribution width [RDW], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], systemic immune-inflammatory index [SII]), (4) cSDH (size, location, midline shift), and (5) treatment (craniotomy/craniostomy, drainage). Primary outcome was Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at discharge and at 1 year, and secondary outcomes were 1 year mortality, resurgery, and recurrence. Hematological and inflammatory indices were compared across two cSDH thickness groups.

Results Seventy-two patients were included, 25 women and 47 men, median age 77 years. Seventeen (23.6%) patients had chronic anticoagulant treatment. The majority had a chronic comorbidity: 19 (26.4%) diabetes, 48 (66.7%) hypertension, and 56 (77.8%) other chronic diseases. Median preoperative GCS was 15. Median cSDH thickness was 22.9 mm, sidedness was equally distributed, and midline shift occurred in 60 (83.3 %) patients, with median midline shift of 8.4 mm. The majority of patients underwent a single craniostomy (n = 44, 61.1%), and in all patients a subdural drainage was placed. Median GOS at discharge and at 1 year postoperatively was 5. Mortality was 11.1%, and 16.7% of patients were lost to follow-up. Within the 1-year follow-up, 27.8% of patients had disease recurrence, 25% underwent a repeat surgery. In the “above” versus “below” 15 mm cSDH thickness group there were significant differences in P count (211.5 vs. 279.5 × 109/L, p = 0.009), RDW (13.3 vs. 12.6, p = 0.031), SII (1782 vs. 2653, p = 0.025), and PLR (26.2 vs. 36.7, p = 0.042).

Conclusion Hematological indices bear a diagnostic and prognostic potential in cSDH management.
Understanding the Malignancy Potential of Cutaneous/Subcutaneous Lesions: Insight from 9,202 Day-Surgery Procedures
Authors: Başak Fatih , Kudaş İlyas , Acar Aylin , Tosun Hüsna , Calışkan Yahya Kemal
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions often go unnoticed or disregarded, yet they can harbor malignant potential. These seemingly innocuous bumps and lumps vary in size and nature, necessitating thorough evaluation by health care professionals. In this study encompassing 9,202 day-surgery procedures, we sought to elucidate the malignancy risk associated with cutaneous/subcutaneous lesions.

Materials and Methods: Conducted as a descriptive case-control investigation, our study enrolled patients undergoing excision for such lesions from 2009 to 2018. Patients were stratified into study (malignancy confirmed by histopathology) and control groups. Comprehensive data collection included demographic profiles, pathology reports, surgical details, and follow-up outcomes.

Results: Analysis of 9,202 excision procedures involving 8,962 patients revealed epidermal/tricholemmal cyst as the most prevalent lesion type (34.5%), followed by lipomas (21.8%). Malignancies were identified in 1.1% of cases, predominantly affecting older individuals (mean age: 60.3 ± 16.2 years). While malignancy incidence correlated with advancing age, no significant gender disparity was observed (p < 0.001 and p = 0.353, respectively).

Conclusion: Our findings underscore the imperative of vigilance toward cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, as they may harbor malignancy. Timely assessment by health care providers is paramount to promptly identify and manage potentially malignant lesions. With malignancy detected in over 1% of cases, our study emphasizes the necessity for meticulous evaluation and appropriate intervention strategies to mitigate associated risks effectively.