bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors and 64 × 64 Photodetector Arrays Realized by Molecule Beam Epitaxy Grown Ga2O3 Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Kuang Siliang , Yang Zhenni , Xu Xiangyu , He Yaxin , Bao Lingjie , Liang Zheng , Li Kuangkuang , Ling Kang , Zhang Xu , Yang Ye , Long Hao , Cheng Qijin , Liu Xingzhao , Chen Duanyang , Qi Hongji , Zhang Kelvin H. L.
Published: January 2025

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) emerges as the most promising semiconductor for next‐generation solar‐blind UV photodetectors (SBPDs) because of its ultra‐wide bandgap of 4.85 eV. However, so far Ga2O3 based SBPDs still suffer from problems such as high dark current and slow response speed. Herein, the fabrication of metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structures Ga2O3 SBPDs with high performance using high‐quality Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films grown by molecule beam epitaxy (MBE) is reported. The SBPDs are highly sensitive to solar‐blind UV spectrum and achieve a very low dark current of 273 fA at 10 V bias, a high specific detectivity of 1.6 × 1016 Jones with a responsivity of 167 A W−1, and a remarkedly rapid response speed with a decay time of 15 ms. The specific detectivity, dark current, and response speed of the SBPD achieve in this work are among the highest levels in the literature. The enhanced device performance is attributed to high crystalline quality of the film with reduced density of defects and fast photocarrier dynamics. Furthermore, a 64 × 64 photodetector array with high uniformity is fabricated on a 2‐inch Ga2O3 epitaxial wafer, achieving the highest pixel count for Ga2O3 photodetector array to date. This study paves the way for the development of fast‐speed Ga2O3 SBPDs with high sensitivity and large‐scale photodetector arrays.
M6A Demethyltransferase FTO Attenuates Meniscus Degeneration and Osteoarthritis via Orchestrating Autophagy and Energetic Metabolism
Authors: Jiang Zongrui , Zhang Chengyun , Liu Ruonan , Zhu Zijing , Long Dianbo , Wen Xingzhao , Yang Zhijian , Jiang Dong , Mao Guping , Liao Weiming , Zhang Zhiqi
Published: January 2025

Impaired autophagy is reported to promote osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanism by which autophagy in regulating meniscus degeneration and OA remains unclear. Here, unconvered aberrant energetic metabolism pattern in meniscus cells with OA is uncovered first, which results in lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. And these phenomena are induced by impaired autophagy in meniscus cells with OA. It is further revealed that the suppression of m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) inhibits autophagy and causing lower ATP production by reducing oxidative phosphorylation. Specific deletion of FTO in meniscus cells by generating FTOflox/flox; COL1A1‐CreERT2 (FTOcko) mice impair autophagy and promote meniscus degeneration and OA, while intra‐articular injection of adeno‐associated virus of FTO (AAV‐FTO) restores autophagy and alleviates meniscus degeneration and OA. Mechanistically, FTO regulates the mRNA stability of ATG16L1 by targeting the m6A methylation sites on ATG16L1 in a YTHDF2‐dependent manner, thereby inhibiting the formation of autophagosomes and causing an imbalance in energetic metabolism. Intra‐articular injection of AAV‐FTO reverses the catabolic phenotype of meniscus degeneration and OA in FTOcko mice. In summary, these findings reveal FTO orchestrates autophagy and energetic metabolism by regulating ATG16L1 in a m6A‐dependent manner. Therefore, targeting FTO might be a potential therapeutic strategy for meniscus degeneration and early‐stage OA.
Operando X‐Ray Tomoscopy of Laser Beam Welding
Authors: Kamm Paul Hans , Börner Stephan , Neu Tillmann Robert , Schlepütz Christian Matthias , Dittrich Dirk , Banhart John , García‐Moreno Francisco
Published: January 2025

The phenomena occurring in a weld seam during advancement of a laser beam over a metallic component are still under dispute. The occurrence and evolution of porosity and the occasional blowout of melt need to be understood. Here, a recently developed X‐ray tomoscopy setup is applied, providing one hundred 3D images per second to capture the temporal evolution of the melt pool in an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die‐casting while a laser beam advances. The number of pores, their size, shape and distribution are quantified with 10 ms time resolution and reflect a complex dynamic pattern. Apart from conventional welding, a variant involving a dynamic beam modulation superimposed onto the linear motion is studied. Reductions of porosity and surface roughness are observed and explained by increased pore mobility and stepwise degassing as the beam repeatedly cuts through pores. The keyhole formed in the melt pool integrated over 10 ms is represented in 3D.
Synthesis and Conformational Relationship of New Fluorinated Acrylate Polymer‐Based Internal Mold Release Agents
Authors: Zhang Jingang , Huang Zhensheng , Xu Jianyin , Wang Tao , Sun Dongping , Jia Zhenyu , Zhou Lu
Published: January 2025

This study employed short fluorocarbon chain perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate (PFOL, R
f = 6) and long hydrocarbon chain Stearyl acrylate (SA, R = 18) to synthesize a series of fluorinated acrylate polymers (FAP) via solution polymerization. The copolymerization rates of PFOL and SA were calculated, and the copolymer composition curves were plotted to produce FAP with uniform composition and varying PFOL ratios. Experiments revealed that these FAP demonstrated significant dissolution and migration behaviors during the processing of fluoroelastomers, influenced by the PFOL to SA ratio. The optimized FAP (PFOL ratio of 0.7), with a weight‐average molecular weight between 23,000 and 26,000, significantly reduced the demolding force of fluoroelastomer O‐rings from 49 to 20 N. Water contact angle and demolding force tests further verified the internal mold release effects of the FAP. Predictions from the CISOC‐PSAT program indicate that the FAP synthesized in this study is less toxic compared to the copolymer of perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (POEMA) and SA, with negative results for carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity, demonstrating its potential as an environmentally friendly, green fluorine‐containing internal mold release agent.
FragMAX Facility for Crystallographic Fragment and Ligand Screening at MAX IV
Authors: Kanchugal P. Sandesh , Jagudin Elmir , Lima Gustavo M. A. , Talibov Vladimir O. , Begum Afshan , Nan Jie , Eguiraun Mikel , Gonzalez Ana , Sele Céleste , Nyblom Maria , Knecht Wolfgang , Logan Derek T. , Sjögren Tove , Thunnissen Marjolein , Ursby Thomas , Obiols‐Rabasa Marc , Larsson Magnus , Mueller Uwe , Krojer Tobias
Published: January 2025

The FragMAX facility at MAX IV Laboratory is a state‐of‐the‐art platform for crystallographic fragment screening, designed to support structure‐based drug and chemical tool compound discovery. This facility offers a comprehensive workflow, from high‐throughput crystal preparation and automated diffraction data collection at the BioMAX beamline to advanced data processing and analysis using custom software tools like FragMAXapp and FragMAXproc. Key components include an extensive relational SQLite database, various fragment libraries, laboratory automation equipment, and a range of bespoke software solutions. FragMAX has conducted numerous successful screening campaigns, serving both academic and industrial users. Users benefit from comprehensive support, and stringent data management. Here, we provide an overview of the different components of the facility and details of their practical implementation.
Quantum Mechanics in Plasmonic Nanocavities: from Theory to Applications
Authors: Ding Tao , Tserkezis Christos , Mystilidis Christos , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Zheng Xuezhi
Published: January 2025

Quantum mechanical effects in plasmonic nanocavities have attracted strong interest in the last two decades, related to both their experimental realization and implementation in technological applications, and to the challenges that need to be overcome in their theoretical modeling. This review summarizes the basic theories of quantum plasmonics, its modeling strategies, and the material systems that support it. Particularly it is focused on recent progress in quantum plasmonics based on the nanoparticle‐on‐mirror (NPoM) structure, i.e., plasmonic nanoparticles separated from an underlying metallic substrate via an ultrathin spacer, which provides an elegant route toward cost‐effective fabrication of a large number of similar plasmonic cavities. A dramatic shift of research trends is seen from basic modeling to applications in nano‐optics, polaritonics, chemistry, and biosensing, gradually making the transition from fundamental, curiosity‐driven research to applied science.
The discovery of a new nonbile acid modulator of Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5: An integrated computational approach
Authors: Salam Rudy , Bakker Michael , Krutáková Mária , Štefela Alžbeta , Pávek Petr , Duintjer Tebbens Jurjen , Zitko Jan
Published: January 2025

The Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), also known as GPBAR1 (G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor), is a membrane‐type bile acid receptor that regulates blood glucose levels and energy expenditure. These essential functions make TGR5 a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. Currently, most research on developing TGR5 agonists focuses on modifying the structure of bile acids, which are the endogenous ligands of TGR5. However, TGR5 agonists with nonsteroidal structures have not been widely explored. This study aimed at discovering new TGR5 agonists using bile acid derivatives as a basis for a computational approach. We applied a combination of pharmacophore‐based, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to identify potential compounds as new TGR5 agonists. Through pharmacophore screening and molecular docking, we identified 41 candidate compounds. From these, five candidates were selected based on criteria including pharmacophore features, a docking score of less than 9.2 kcal/mol, and similarity in essential interaction patterns with a reference ligand. Biological assays of the five hits confirmed that Hit‐3 activates TGR5 similarly to the bile acid control. This was supported by MD simulation results, which indicated that a hydrogen bond interaction with Tyr240 is involved in TGR5 activation. Hit‐3 (CSC089939231) represents a new nonsteroidal lead that can be further optimized to design potent TGR5 agonists.
The Influence of Recycled Packaging for Food Products on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Trinh Can , He Ping , An Lam
Published: January 2025

Extensive efforts by both government and private sectors to make the use of recycled packaging in food products more prevalent have not always been successful, partly due to a limited understanding of consumers' complex perceptions towards this practice. In this research, we explore whether recycled food product packaging enhances the appeal of food products, as well as the boundary condition and underlying mechanism of this effect. Using three experimental studies, we find that marketing efforts highlighting the use of recycled packaging can be beneficial, but only for utilitarian food products, not for hedonic ones. We also identify the warm‐glow effect as a key mediating mechanism. This study uniquely contributes to the literature by not only examining the differential effects of recycled packaging but also identifying the warm‐glow effect as a key mediating mechanism. Our findings contribute a more nuanced perspective to the literature on sustainable consumption and provide practical implications for enhancing the effectiveness of recycled food product packaging.
Integrated of Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Algorithms for Nondestructive Detection of Therapeutic Properties of Plants
Authors: Mahmoodi‐Eshkaftaki Mahmood , Mohtashami Saeideh , Parseh Mohammad Javad , Ghani Askar
Published: January 2025

The approaches used to determine the medicinal properties of the plants are often destructive, labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and expensive, making it impossible to analyze their quality analysis online. Performance of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) integrated with intelligent techniques to overcome these problems was investigated in this research. For this purpose, three classification methods—support vector machine, random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting—were studied for the classification of plants in three classes of medicinal, edible, and ornamental for the organs of leaf, stem, flower, and root. The medicinal effects of the plant organs were determined by measuring different biochemical properties of the organs. The spectral reflectance of the samples was used to train and test the classification methods in which output targets were the plant types. The results showed that amounts of the biochemical factors except oil content of the medicinal plants were higher than the other types of plants. Further, the biochemical factors of flowers and leaves were higher than the other organs indicating that the most therapeutic effect of the plants is through the flowers and leaves. Using HSI, a similar spectral trend was appeared in each organ, whereas it was different among the organs. Using the RF as the best method (precision and accuracy were higher than 0.95), the lowest misclassification rates were related to the stem and leaf datasets, indicating that these two organs were most suitable to classify the plants aromatically. The most misclassifications of the organs were occurred between medicinal and edible plants related to the spectra having higher correlations with flavonoid, phenol, and antioxidant compounds. Overall, the misclassification rates were negligible, and thus, the methods developed in this study can be used online in postharvest processes of the medicinal plants.
Licorice‐Induced Pseudohyperaldosteronism: A Case Report
Authors: Je David D. , Tan Yong Mong , Fuller Gradon , Nigam Parul
Published: January 2025

We present a 71‐year‐old man admitted to the intensive care unit with severe hypokalemia after ingesting licorice‐containing confectionary over 6 weeks. Excess consumption of licorice with its active metabolite glycyrrhizic acid may precipitate pseudohyperaldosteronism with life‐threatening hypokalemia. Public awareness and measures such as warning labels are needed to warn against excessive consumption.
Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Kidney Autotransplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Hakkesteegt S. N. , Oudmaijer C. A. J. , Jeletich L. J. , Sprakel J. , Kimenai H. J. A. N. , Grünhagen D. J.
Published: January 2025

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignancies, with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (RPS) constituting 10%–15% of all STSs. RPS often presents late due to minimal early symptoms, typically requiring complete en‐bloc resection for optimal survival outcomes. Achieving radical resection can be challenging due to the tumor's proximity to vital organs. In cases where the kidney is involved, a nephrectomy can lead to significant morbidity, especially in patients with pre‐existing renal impairment. Kidney autotransplantation offers a unique solution by preserving renal function in these cases, avoiding the need for dialysis and immunosuppressive therapy. This case report presents a 61‐year‐old female with a large RPS encasing her only functioning kidney. After unsuccessful neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she underwent an en‐bloc resection and subsequent autotransplantation. Postoperatively, she experienced complications such as pneumonia and bowel obstruction due to poor clinical status, but after recovery, she has remained disease‐free at 1‐year follow‐up. This case illustrates the potential of kidney autotransplantation in selected cases to prevent treatment‐induced renal failure. Although the risk of recurrence is relevant, autotransplantation provides an option for preserving renal function while allowing for curative resection, with careful consideration of the balance between recurrence risk and morbidity.
Structures and Properties of Axially Chiral (2E,4E,6Z,8Z)‐Nona‐2,4,6,8‐Tetraenoate Derivatives Highly Substituted by Aryl Groups
Authors: Echizen Kensuke , Akine Shigehisa , Furuyama Taniyuki , Nishimura Tatsuya , Maeda Katsuhiro , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2025

Unprecedented (2E,4E,6Z,8Z)‐nona‐2,4,6,8‐tetraenoate derivatives highly substituted by aryl groups have been synthesized by the reaction of rhodium complexes having aryl‐substituted hexa‐1,3,5‐trienyl ligands with acrylates. These compounds have potential axial chirality, and their enantiomers are isolable by the chiral HPLC technique. Although the racemization barrier of isolated enantiomers was not high, it was found that a cyclic dimer synthesized by head‐to‐tail transesterification of a modified analog has quite a stable axial chirality even at a high temperature. From a structural analogy with tetraphenylethene, those compounds are emissive in the solid state, and the chiral cyclic dimer exhibits solid‐state circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
Peptide–Bismuth Tricycles: Maximizing Stability by Constraint
Authors: Davies Lani J. , Ghosh Pritha , Siryer Sauhta , Ullrich Sven , Nitsche Christoph
Published: January 2025

Constrained peptides possess excellent properties for identifying lead compounds in drug discovery. While it has become increasingly straightforward to discover selective high‐affinity peptide ligands, especially through genetically encoded libraries, their stability and bioavailability remain significant challenges. By integrating macrocyclization chemistry with bismuth binding, we generated series of linear, cyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic peptides with identical sequences. Utilizing bismuth to rigidify the peptide structure allows for a better comparison of different constraint levels, reducing confounding effects of interactions often seen with hydrophobic stapling reagents. Our study facilitated the identification of a peptide–bismuth tricycle that fully withstands cellular levels of glutathione, acts as a nanomolar protease inhibitor without being proteolytically digested by its target, and is fully stable in human plasma. Importantly, this multicyclic peptide does not possess any non‐canonical amino acid modifications. Using oxime ligation, we conjugated an analogue of this tricycle to the N‐terminus of two nanobodies to demonstrate potential applications in targeted therapy.
Enantioselective Degradation and Processing Factors of Seven Chiral Pesticides During the Processing of Wine and Rice Wine
Authors: Tan Yuting , Wen Nuanhui , Lu Zhiqiang , Wei Wenjie , Shi Haiyan , Wang Minghua
Published: January 2025

Chiral pesticides often undergo enantioselective degradation during food fermentation. In this study, the enantioselective fates of seven chiral pesticides during processing of wine and rice wine were investigated. The results revealed that R‐metalaxyl, R‐mefentrifluconazole and S‐hexaconazole were preferentially degraded during wine processing with EF values of 0.57, 0.78, and 0.43, respectively, whereas S‐metalaxyl and R‐hexaconazole were preferentially degraded during rice wine processing with EF values of 0.44 and 0.54, respectively. Stereoselectivity was attributed to fermentative bacterial activity. The processing factor (PF) values for the five pesticides ranged from 0.04 to 0.34 during wine processing and from 0.02 to 0.29 during rice wine processing, suggesting that fermentation can mitigate pesticide exposure risks and ensure food safety. This study enhances our understanding of enantioselective fate of chiral pesticides during fermented food processing, provides guidance for the application of chiral pesticides, and enables the dietary risk of chiral pesticides in processed products to be assessed more accurately.
Patient‐Reported Outcomes Following Systemic Antibiotic Adjunct to Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Parhizkar Parastoo , Yaghini Jaber , Fakheran Omid
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Considering the importance of patient‐centered care, we aimed to evaluate the impact of systemic antibiotics on oral health–related quality of life during nonsurgical periodontal treatment. This controlled trial addresses a gap in understanding how systemic antibiotics influence patient‐reported outcomes, focusing on Stage III periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐one adults participated in a double‐blind, randomized clinical trial, with participants divided into two groups: the test group, which received antibiotics, and the control group. All the participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment. We conducted follow‐up assessments at one and 3 months posttreatment, including recording clinical parameters and administering the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire.

Results

The results showed a notable improvement in the quality of life for patients in the test group compared to the control group at 1 month (p value = 0.012) and 3 months (p value = 0.014) after treatment. While there were improvements in pocket probing depth, gingival index, and clinical attachment loss in both groups, it is worth noting that only bleeding on probing exhibited a significant improvement in the test group after 3 months compared to the control group (p value = 0.008).

Conclusions

In summary, incorporating systemic antibiotics alongside nonsurgical periodontal treatments appears to bring about positive outcomes for individuals dealing with Stage III periodontitis during nonsurgical treatment, ultimately enhancing their oral health‐related quality of life.

Trial Registration

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT Id): IRCT20201221049786N1.
Great Tit (Parus major) Nestlings Have Longer Telomeres in Old‐Growth Forests Than in Young Forests
Authors: Krams Ronalds , Cīrule Dina , Munkevics Maris , Popovs Sergejs , Jõers Priit , Contreras Garduño Jorge , Krams Indrikis A. , Krama Tatjana
Published: January 2025

Modification and deterioration of old‐growth forests by industrial forestry have seriously threatened species diversity worldwide. The loss of natural habitats increases the concentration of circulating glucocorticoids and incurs chronic stress in animals, influencing the immune system, growth, survival, and lifespan of animals inhabiting such areas. In this study, we tested whether great tit (Parus major) nestlings grown in old‐growth unmanaged coniferous forests have longer telomeres than great tit nestlings developing in young managed coniferous forests. This study showed that the patches of young managed coniferous forests had lower larval biomass than old‐growth forests. Since insect larvae are the preferred food for great tit nestlings, the shortage of food may divert energy resources away from growth, which can show up as physiological stress, often raising the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The H/L ratio revealed a significant difference in stress levels, being the highest in great tit nestlings developing in young‐managed pine forests. We also found that the development of great tit nestlings in young managed forests had significantly shorter telomeres than in old‐growth forests. Although nestling survival did not differ between the habitats, nestlings growing up in old‐growth forests had greater telomere lengths, which can positively affect their lifespan. Our results suggest that the forest habitats affected by industrial forestry may represent ecological traps, as the development of young birds in deteriorated environments can affect the age structure of populations.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Boosting and Bagging Ensemble Techniques in Forecasting Lithium‐Ion Battery Useful Life
Authors: Sonthalia Ankit , Josephin JS Femilda , Aloui Fethi , Varuvel Edwin Geo
Published: January 2025

It is essential to forecast the exact rate at which the cell's capacity would decline for practical uses, to comprehend the intricate and non‐linear behavior of the cell. Furthermore, the majority of studies provided subpar prediction criteria, making early cell lifetime prediction difficult. Applying reliable and accurate aging models to the dynamic on‐road conditions presents additional challenges. In this work, the battery lifetime during its earliest phases of use was accurately predicted using machine learning models. After analyzing the patterns of the parameters, 12 hand‐crafted features were selected and the raw data of the first 100 cycles of 126 cells was used for creating the dataset for the features. The dataset was then used to train five machine learning models namely random forest, gradient boosting machine (GBM), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), extreme gradient boosting machine (XGBoost), and gradient boost with categorical features (CATBoost). The statistical analysis reveals that XGBoost algorithm present the best result with a R2 value of 0.95 and root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE) of 97 cycles. Lastly, in comparison to existing studies, the RMSE significantly reduced from a maximum of 138 to 97 cycles.
Enhancing One Health outcomes using decision science and negotiation
Authors: Cook Jonathan D , Grant Evan H Campbell , Ginsberg Howard S , Prosser Diann J , Runge Michael C
Published: January 2025

One Health initiatives have advanced zoonotic disease management by recognizing the interconnectedness of three sectors of governance (human, ecosystem, and animal) and by identifying options that can improve full‐system health. Although One Health has had many successes, its full realization may be inhibited by a lack of strategies to overcome simultaneous impediments in decision making and governance. Decision impediments that hinder management may include uncertainty, risk, resource limitations, and trade‐offs among objectives. Governance impediments arise from disparities in costs and benefits of disease management among sectors. Tools and strategies developed from decision science, collaboration, and negotiation theory can help articulate and overcome coinciding decision and governance impediments and enhance multisectoral One Health initiatives. In cases where collaboration and negotiation are insufficient to address disparities in cross‐sector costs and benefits, altering incentive structures might improve disease‐specific outcomes and improve the realization of One Health.
Breaking Through Only to Break up: A Cross‐Country Analysis of the Speed of Advancement and Exit of Female Executives
Authors: Mendiratta Esha , Mukherjee Shibashish , Oehmichen Jana D. R.
Published: January 2025

We examine the speed of advancements and exits of female executive directors vis‐à‐vis comparable men. In line with recent research, we suggest that women are likely to experience an apparent gender‐based advantage in the form of lower age at the time of their first‐ever executive director appointment. However, we argue that this advantage may be transitory. Appointed women also experience faster exits from these positions, with age partially mediating the differential speed of exits between male and female executive directors. We also contend that these effects are contingent on countries' local gender norms (especially women's economic participation) such that lower gender parity leads to even lower ages at appointments and faster exits for female executive directors. Results based on 15,202 unique rookie executive directors from 33 countries between 2002 and 2015 largely support these predictions.
Navigating the Talent Retention Puzzle: The Role of Workgroup Identification and On‐the‐Job Embeddedness
Authors: Sender Anna , Eberly Marion
Published: January 2025

Organizations implement talent management (TM) programs to improve retention. However, results are mixed on whether these programs reduce talent turnover. Applying the social identity theory, we predicted that talent nomination in a TM program reduces workgroup identification and increases turnover intention. We also hypothesized that on‐the‐job embeddedness mitigates this unintended effect. Our three‐wave survey study, conducted over 2 years with 352 employees at a multinational machinery manufacturing company in China, included 45 employees recently identified as talents. Results showed that talents had lower workgroup identification than their non‐talent peers, but this did not lead to higher turnover intention. We found that on‐the‐job embeddedness had a moderating role: talents with low embeddedness reported lower workgroup identification and higher turnover intention than non‐talents, whereas those with high embeddedness showed no such difference. This study highlights that TM programs can prompt thoughts of leaving among talents; however, job embeddedness can buffer these negative effects.
The Clinical Value of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers for Predicting Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children
Authors: Shao Liqun , Yu Bohai , Lyu Ying , Fan Shizhen , Gu Caizhen , Wang Hetong
Published: January 2025

Background

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major cause of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), posing diagnostic challenges. This study evaluates novel inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) for MP diagnosis in children.

Methods

Complete blood count (CBC) results of 424 children with MP infection and 150 health children were collected. NLR, MLR, PLR, SII and SIRI, were respectively calculated. Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Pearson chi‐squared test were used to analyze the clinical data of the patients and participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted based on the results of single factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the potential of the above biomarkers for MP infection.

Results

Compared with the control group, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (NEU) count, monocyte (MON) count, NLR, MLR, PLR, SII and SIRI were significantly higher and lymphocyte count (LYM) and platelet (PLT) were significantly lower than those in MP group. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that MLR and SIRI can serve as major risk factors for MP infection in children. The predictive accuracy of logistic regression model based on MLR and SIRI is 83.28%. The area under the curve (AUC) results showed that SIRI has better predicting value of MP infection (AUC = 0.892, Sensitivity = 75.7%, Specificity = 92.0%).

Conclusion

This study described the significance of novel inflammatory biomarkers in children with MP infection and may provide new auxiliary diagnostic indicators for MP infection.
“It's OK for Me to Cry”: Client and Therapist Perspectives on Change Processes in SPEAKS Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Brooks Cat Papastavrou , Rennick Abigail , Basra Randeep Singh , Lavender Tony , Startup Helen , Oldershaw Anna
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Aims

Existing therapies for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) have limited effectiveness, necessitating the development of novel therapies and interventions. Hypothesizing and targeting clear mechanisms of change within treatment offer potential opportunities to improve them. The SPEAKS program aimed to develop, trial, and evaluate a therapy which targets key emotional and social factors known to be relevant in the development and maintenance of AN. The aim of the present study is to explore therapist and client experiences of change processes during the SPEAKS intervention, and what supported or inhibited these.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with sixteen female clients (in age range of 18–49) and six therapists; topic guides explored perceptions of client change processes. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data by two researchers.

Results

Two themes and six sub‐themes were developed from the data. These were: “the impact on the eating disorder,” “change processes” (“emotional change” and “changing the self”), and “facilitators of and barriers to change processes” (“therapeutic relationship,” “clients’ emotional engagement,” “online delivery,” and “therapist lacking flexibility”). “Emotional change” involved an enhanced capacity for clients to tune‐in more, acknowledge, listen to, and express how they felt, and “Changing the self” represented a shift in how clients related to themselves, particularly the more vulnerable parts of themselves.

Discussion

The findings of the present study provide support for the hypothesized mechanisms of change inherent within the SPEAKS therapy approach. This supports the robustness and validity of the intervention and lends support for further investigation of its effectiveness.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study was registered according to the guidelines of the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN No. 11778891).
Public perception and autonomous vehicle liability
Authors: De Freitas Julian , Zhou Xilin , Atzei Margherita , Boardman Shoshana , Lillo Luigi Di
Published: January 2025

The deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the accompanying societal and economic benefits will greatly depend on how much liability AV firms will have to carry for accidents involving these vehicles, which in turn impacts their insurability and associated insurance premiums. Across three experiments (N = 2677), we investigate whether accidents where the AV was not at fault could become an unexpected liability risk for AV firms, by exploring consumer perceptions of AV liability. We find that when such accidents occur, the not‐at‐fault vehicle becomes more salient to consumers when it is an AV. As a result, consumers are more likely to view as relevant counterfactuals in which the not‐at‐fault vehicle might have behaved differently to avoid or minimize damage from, the accident. This leads them to judge AV firms as more liable than both firms that make human‐driven vehicles and human drivers for damages when not at fault.
Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Impacts of Soft Tissue Crude Extract and Mucous of Snail Helix aspersa on an Excision Wound Model in Mice
Authors: Abdel‐Azeem Hoda H. , Osman Gamalat Y. , Morsi Dalia S.
Published: January 2025

Wound healing is a complex natural process in which tissue requires recovering injured tissue cells. Helix aspersa has a high nutritional value and is considered a rich natural source of antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory agents. So, this study aimed to assess the effect of soft tissue crude extract and mucous of H. aspersa topically applied as a gel for 12 days. The wounds were observed and photographed twice a week. The inflammatory, oxidative stress markers and matrix metalloproteinases were evaluated in skin tissue homogenate and CD3+ and CD69+ T lymphocytes were detected in wound tissue. Data showed that a comparison of applying soft tissue crude extract and mucous of H. aspersa to skin wounds enhanced the healing process, resulting in a significant decrease in dermal inflammation compared to untreated mice. Also, they significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in wound tissues. The levels of matrix metalloproteases‐2 and ‐9 were significantly decreased and the immune status was enhanced in the wound environment by increasing proportions of CD3+ and CD69+ T lymphocytes. H. aspersa mucous and soft tissue crude extract are viable substitutes for synthetic topical wound therapies with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory potencies, with a preference for the crude soft tissue extract based on the outcomes.
The experience of “at‐risk” status for familial frontotemporal dementia (fFTD) and its impact on reproductive decision‐making: A qualitative study
Authors: Fahy Neil , Hayes Oliver S. , Greaves Caroline V. , Goldsmith Sophie E. , Brotherhood Emilie V. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Harding Emma , Stott Joshua
Published: January 2025

Familial frontotemporal dementia (fFTD) is an autosomal dominant heritable form of FTD, onsetting in mid‐life, characterized by behavioral and personality changes. Children of an affected parent are at 50% risk of inheriting the relevant fFTD gene variant and developing FTD. Genetic testing means a growing group of people are aware of or considering learning their risk status. This knowledge, combined with witnessing parents' symptoms, has implications for reproduction. This study explores attitudes and approaches to reproductive decision‐making among those at risk for fFTD. Thirteen qualitative interviews were conducted with at‐risk individuals, including parents and non‐parents, and analyzed using Thematic Analysis to explore experiences of at‐risk relatives of people with symptomatic FTD, attitudes toward reproductive decision‐making, and, among parents, influences of genetic risk status on parenting. The themes identified were: (1) Fear of repetition of own experience with symptomatic relatives; (2) Approaches to mitigating repetition; (3) Responses to genetic risk in reproductive decision‐making; (4) Accounting for timing in reproductive decision‐making; (5) Challenges of disclosing genetic risk to children; (6) Other mitigating factors in reproductive decision‐making. Findings highlight the key role of previous experiences with symptomatic relatives in shaping attitudes toward genetic risk status and approaches to managing it in reproductive decision‐making. Findings highlight a need for responsive genetic counseling focused on exploring options alongside providing information and signposting to practical legal and financial support. Future research should specifically compare experiences in fFTD with experiences in other heritable neurodegenerative disorders and explore reproductive decision‐making for couples where one partner is at risk of fFTD.
Variability in the Effects of Mood and Cognitive Stimulation on Creative Generation: A Task‐Dependent Perspective
Authors: Gültepe Bedirhan , Akben Cantürk , Şenyurt Ahmet Yasin , Coskun Hamit
Published: January 2025

This research comprises two studies investigating the impact of mood and cognitive stimulation on creativity, with a focus on the role of task type. The first study focused on idea generation, whereas the second explored slogan generation, revealing differing outcomes for distinct tasks. Positive and negative moods were induced through memory recall, and cognitive stimulation was manipulated using cue words in varying quantities. In Study 1, participants were tasked with brainstorming about the advantages and disadvantages of having an extra thumb. The initial hypothesis, proposing that a positive mood and cognitive stimulation enhance ideational fluency, was supported through the flexibility pathway. Study 2 shifted the focus to slogan generation, emphasizing originality, which aligns with the nature of slogan generation. The hypothesis was that mood and cognitive stimulation would not impact fluency but might influence originality. Surprisingly, participants in the negative mood condition generated more slogans, challenging the common belief that positive moods consistently boost creativity. Those without cognitive stimulation also performed better in terms of originality, which is in line with past studies indicating that examples can inhibit originality. In conclusion, this study underscores the intricate and context‐dependent nature of creativity, advocating for a nuanced approach to creativity studies.
Genomic Profiling of Biliary Tract Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Anatomic and Geographic Heterogeneity, Co‐Alterations and Outcomes
Authors: Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Stecko Hunter , Moris Dimitrios , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) represent distinct biological and genomic entities. Anatomic and geographic heterogeneity in genomic profiling of BTC subtypes, genomic co‐alterations, and their impact on long‐term outcomes are not well defined.

Methods

Genomic data to characterize alterations among patients with BTCs were derived from the AACR GENIE registry (v15.1) and other genomic data sets. Patterns of mutational co‐occurrence, frequency of co‐alterations, and their impact on long‐term outcomes among BTC patients were examined.

Results

Alterations in IDH1 and FGFR2 genes were mostly noted among intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) samples, TP53, ERBB2/HER2, and SMAD4 mutations were more frequent among gallbladder cancer (GBC) samples while extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) more commonly harbored KRAS mutations (all Q < 0.001). Alterations in IDH1 and FGFR2 genes were more frequent among iCCA samples from Western vs. Eastern populations, while KRAS, SMAD4, and ERBB2 mutations were more commonly observed among Eastern populations(all Q < 0.05). FGFR2 gene was frequently co‐mutated with BAP1 (log2OR: 1.55, Q < 0.001), while IDH1 gene was commonly co‐mutated with PBRM1 (log2OR: 1.09, Q < 0.001). Co‐alteration rate among patients with IDH1‐mutant iCCAs, FGFR2‐rearranged iCCAs, KRAS‐mutant eCCA, and HER2‐mutant GBCs were 80.8%, 85.2%, 76.7%, and 100%, respectively. Among patients with iCCA and FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements, harboring co‐alterations in the TP53 pathway or PI3K pathway correlated with worse overall survival (OS), while patients with IDH1‐mutant iCCA had worse OS when harboring co‐alterations in the cell cycle pathway.

Conclusions

Marked genomic heterogeneity exists among patients with BTCs based on anatomic and geographic location. The overwhelming majority of BTC patients with clinically significant mutations had concurrent genomic co‐alterations. The current study highlights the molecular complexity of BTCs with multiple alterations that commonly co‐exist and could potentially be targeted to treat BTCs.
Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Among Hispanic Population Living in Latin America Versus the United States
Authors: De la Cruz Ku Gabriel , Desai Anshumi , Hickey Alanna , Valcarcel Bryan , Wareham Carly , Hernandez Alexandra , Arias‐Rivera Eva Esperanza , Chambergo‐Michilot Diego , Linshaw David , Ziegler‐Rodriguez Gonzalo , Persing Sarah M. , Homsy Christopher , Chatterjee Abhishek , Nardello Salvatore M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a prevalence of 12%–24% in the Hispanic population. Previous research has demonstrated that disparities in healthcare access significantly influence patient outcomes. We aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of Hispanic females with TNBC living in Latin America (HPLA) to the Hispanic population in the United States (HPUS).

Methods

We evaluated two retrospective cohorts: patients diagnosed with TNBC at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru, during 2000–2015, and HPUS patients with TNBC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER).

Results

A total of 2007 HPLA and 8457 HPUS patients were included. The HPLA patients were younger and more frequently lived in nonmetropolitan areas. HPLA had higher T and N (p < 0.001) stages. HPLA patients were more likely to present with Stage III disease (51.6% vs. 20.8%), while Stage IV presentations were similar 6.6% vs. 6.8%. HPLA patients with Stages I and II more frequently underwent mastectomy compared to HPUS (56.2 vs. 48.0%). HPLA patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001), adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001), and radiotherapy (p < 0.001) more often. While early breast cancer stages had similar overall survival (OS) rates for both populations, HPLA patients had worse 5‐year OS rates compared to HPUS patients in Stages III (39.9% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001) and IV (4.6% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hispanic females living in Latin America were more frequently diagnosed with advanced stages of TNBC and more often underwent mastectomy, even in early‐stage disease. When analyzing advanced stages, HPLA had worse OS rates compared to HPUS.
Generation of cyclonic gyre in large saline lake through differential warming
Authors: Golenko Maria , Zhurbas Victor , Zavialov Peter
Published: January 2025

Circulation model of Lake Issyk‐Kul is compiled based on Princeton Ocean Model with real bathymetry and atmospheric and river runoff forcings. According to the model, the cyclonic circulation develops in the lake from May to January, when a seasonal thermocline is present, while in February through April it vanishes or changes for a weak anticyclonic circulation. Wind‐driven coastal jets and internal Kelvin waves intensify vertical mixing at a lateral periphery of the lake over sloping bottom. Due to enhanced vertical mixing and reduced depth, the water column warms up and cools down faster at the lateral periphery of the lake than in the deep central part. This, in view of geostrophic balance, causes cyclonic circulation in the period from late spring to early winter and the anticyclonic circulation during the rest of the year. River runoff does not play a primary role and only moderately contributes to the cyclonic circulation through the geostrophic adjustment of buoyant coastal discharges to the lake whose salinity is about 6 ppt. At the end of winter and beginning of spring, when river runoff is minimal, it is nevertheless capable of maintaining weak hydrostatically stable stratification in the coastal zone and thereby significantly weakening the development of cascading and deep‐water ventilation. Model simulations showed that the cyclonic circulation prevailing in Lake Issyk‐Kul would develop even without positive wind stress curl attributed to local winds.
4‐O‐Methylglucuronoxylan from Hygrophila Ringens var. Ringens Seeds: Chemical Composition and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Bac Vo Hoai , Trinh Tat Cuong , Koschella Andreas , Heinze Thomas , Fu Yu Ping , Inngjerdingen Kari Tvete , Truong Le Van , Paulsen Berit Smestad , Gericke Martin
Published: January 2025

Hygrophila ringens var. ringens is a medicinal plant of the Acanthaceae family. A soluble polysaccharide is extracted from H. ringens seeds using warm water, followed by deproteinization and purification using column chromatography. DL1 is characterized comprehensively using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques and identified as a polymer containing xylose (Xyl; 78.5%) and 4‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucuronic acid (4‐O‐MeGlcA; 21.5 %). The most prominent glycosidic linkages detected are terminal‐xylose (T‐Xyl); 1,2,3,4‐Xylp; 1,2,4‐Xylp; and T‐4‐O‐MeGlcA. DL1 belongs to the xylan group and is a 4‐O‐methylglucuronoxylan. DL1 exhibits inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation with IC50 values of 0.35 mg mL−1 and a similar activity to diclofenac (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug). In a model of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages, DL1 (20–40 µg mL−1) strongly inhibits inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species release without having significant macrophage cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of DL1 on inflammatory cytokines is mediated by the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. These results highlight the potential of DL1 for treating inflammation through its cytokine‐suppressive activity.