bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Serious Complications during Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: A Case-Based Technical Review
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Shah Jimil , Bhujade Harish , Gorsi Ujjwal , Kang Mandeep , Gupta Rajesh
Published: July 2022

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has a potential risk of clinically significant adverse events including fatal complications. Learning from complications improves the results from interventional procedures especially the high-risk procedure like EUS-BD. The various complications that have been reported following EUS-BD include bile leak, bleeding, cholangitis, peritonitis, stent migration both internal and external as well as in the peritoneal cavity and fatal perforations. In this technical review, we discuss technical strategies to prevent serious adverse events during EUS-BD using a case based approach.
Endosonography-Guided Caudate Lobe Liver Abscess Drainage: A Case and Review of Methods
Authors: Zanwar Shankar , Agrawal Amit
Published: July 2022

There are only 11 cases of caudate lobe liver abscess drainage described in the published literature. We present a case of liver abscess drainage done by endosonography (EUS) and review of various EUS-guided liver abscess drainage techniques and endoprostheses. Here we have aimed at reviewing the data for paving the way for the development of a consensus for liver abscess drainage.
New Kid on the Block: “Speedboat”
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Reddy D. Nageshwar
Published: July 2022

Innovations in devices and techniques have parallelly propelled the field of therapeutic endoscopy in gastrointestinal tract. With the development of endoscopic resection techniques and the availability of newly designed electrosurgical knives, the minimally invasive management of early gastrointestinal neoplasms has revolutionized. The currently available electrosurgical knives are monopolar devices, not equipped with injection needle and required to be exchanged with coagulation forceps for hemostasis. Monopolar electrosurgical devices require higher voltages with associated risks. A recent innovation in the field of endoscopic knives is a new device called “Speedboat” device, specially designed for use in endoscopic dissection procedures. This is a bipolar device that utilizes radio frequency energy for cutting and microwave energy for achieving hemostasis. Speedboat device possesses hemostasis capability and has an integrated injection needle that imparts an “all-in-one” quality to this device. Preliminary data suggest the safety and utility of this device in performing a variety of endoscopic dissection and resection procedures including endoscopic submucosal dissection, per-oral endoscopic myotomy, and resection of subepithelial tumors.
Power Spiral Enteroscopy: A Quick and Powerful Dive Deep Inside the Small Bowel!
Authors: Achanta Chalapathi Rao , Imandi Vasanthika , Kinhal Sudhanva V. , Sundharam Sridhar , Panigrahi Manas , Didchela Sneha Shanthi , Hanumanthu Swetha , Kunchala Raja Mahesh , Singh Amninder
Published: July 2022

A comprehensive and detailed small bowel evaluation became possible since 2001 with the advent of a wireless capsule endoscope that was primarily used for diagnostic purposes. Simultaneously, the development of balloon-assisted enteroscope made detailed evaluation and therapy possible in the deeper small bowel. A novel motorized spiral enteroscope, introduced in 2015, is the most recent addition to the list of device-assisted enteroscopes. The rotational movements of the spiral overtube controlled by the integrated motor are transmitted into a linear force causing forward and backward propulsion of the scope in the bowel. There is emerging evidence about its safety and efficacy in the diagnosis and therapy of various small bowel diseases.
MRI Tracking of Iron Oxide Labelled Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Artificial Stifle Defects
Authors: von Pueckler Kerstin , John Karen , Kramer Martin , Bokemeyer Jan , Arnhold Stefan
Published: July 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides labelling of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and the detection and semiquantitative evaluation of the labelled cells after implantation in artificial canine stifle defects using magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of 10 paired (n = 20) cadaveric stifle joints were evaluated after creation of chondral defects and embedding of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides labelled canine mesenchymal stem cells. To prove the feasibility of the labelling for in vivo usage, Prussian blue staining, cell vitality tests and intralesional administration of labelled cells were conducted. Magnetic resonance imaging of ex vivo defects filled with different cell concentrations was obtained to depict the cell content semiquantitatively via signal intensity measurements (region of interest).

Results Prussian blue staining showed that the labelling was effective. According to the vitality tests, it had no significant short-term influence on cell viability and proliferation rate. For the evaluation of the defect T2* sequences were feasible and stifle defects were visible allowing measurements of the signal intensity in all cases. Increasing the cell concentration within the chondral defects resulted in an inversely proportional, significant reduction of signal intensity according to the region of interest.

Clinical Significance Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides labelling was effective. The detection of the AdMSCs in a complex anatomical structure like the surface of the femoral condyle was possible and the T2* signal intensity of the implant region was significantly correlated with the concentration of the AdMSCs.
Dynamic simulation on surface hydration and dehydration of monoclinic zirconia
Authors: Xia Guang-Jie , Wang Yang-Gang
Published: July 2022

The commonly used oxide-supported metal catalysts are usually prepared in aqueous phase, which then often need to undergo calcination before usage. Therefore, the surface hydration and dehydration of oxide supports are critical for the realistic modeling of supported metal catalysts. In this work, by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, the initial anhydrous monoclinic ZrO2(1¯11) surfaces are evaluated within explicit solvents in aqueous phase at mild temperatures. During the simulations, all the two-fold-coordinated O sites will soon be protonated to form the acidic hydroxyls (HOL), remaining the basic hydroxyls (HO*) on Zr. The basic hydroxyls (HO*) can easily diffuse on surfaces via the active proton exchange with the undissociated adsorption water (H2O*). Within the temperatures ranging from 273 K to 373 K, in aqueous phase a certain representative equilibrium hydrated m-ZrO2(1¯11) surface is obtained with the coverage (θ) of 0.75 on surface Zr atoms. Later, free energies on the stepwise surface water desorption are calculated by density functional theory to mimic the surface dehydration under the mild calcination temperatures lower than 800 K. By obtaining the phase diagrams of surface dehydration, the representative partially hydrated m-ZrO2(1¯11) surfaces (0.25≤θ<0.75) at various calcination temperatures are illustrated. These hydrated m-ZrO2(1¯11) surfaces can be crucial and readily applied for more realistic modeling of ZrO2 catalysts and ZrO2-supported metal catalysts.
Homotopy transitions and 3D magnetic solitons
Authors: Kuchkin V. M. , Kiselev N. S.
Published: July 2022

This work provides a concept for three-dimensional magnetic solitons based on mapping the homotopy path between various two-dimensional solutions onto the third spatial axis. The representative examples of statically stable configurations of that type in the model of an isotropic chiral magnet are provided. Various static and dynamic properties of such three-dimensional magnetic solitons are discussed in detail.
Discovery of ferromagnetism in new multicomponent alloy Ti–Nb–Cr–Ru
Authors: Kitagawa Jiro , Fukuda Masaki , Fukuda Satoshi , Fujiki Kenta , Nakamura Yuki , Nishizaki Terukazu
Published: July 2022

We report the discovery of ferromagnetism in the cubic CsCl-type Ti21∼25Nb20∼24Cr5∼10Ru∼49 multicomponent alloy. In metals, the appearance of ferromagnetism due to the Cr magnetic moment is a rare phenomenon. The purest sample shows ferromagnetism with the Curie temperature of 38 K. The effective magnetic moment and the Weiss temperature are 3.67 μB/Cr and 58 K, respectively, derived from the temperature dependence of dc magnetization. These values mean the ferromagnetic exchange interaction between the localized Cr magnetic moments. The ferromagnetic nature is also confirmed by the isothermal magnetization curve with the highest magnetization of 1.1 μB/Cr at 2 K. The electronic structure calculation also supports a ferromagnetic ground state in the CsCl-type structure. We further investigated the effect of elemental substitution on the ferromagnetic behavior. The partial substitution of Pd for Ru heavily suppresses the Curie temperature, indicating that the Ru atom may play an essential role in sustaining ferromagnetism. Ti21∼25Nb20∼24Cr5∼10Ru∼49 would be the first example of the ferromagnetic Cr-containing multicomponent alloy, and this study shows the usefulness of the large compositional space in exploring novel phenomena.
Ultrasonic vibration-induced thinning of intermetallic compound layers in friction stir welding of dissimilar Al/Mg alloys
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Wu ChuanSong , Su Hao
Published: July 2022

Frictions stir welding (FSW) and ultrasonic vibration enhanced FSW (UVeFSW) of dissimilar Al/Mg alloys were conducted, and the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layers formed at Al/Mg interface in welds were characterised by TEM. It was found that the IMCs thickness was significantly reduced in UVeFSW, and the IMCs were generated by solid-state atomic diffusion in butt joints under the used welding conditions since the measured temperature at the tool/workpiece interface was far below the eutectic points. The EBSD characterisation showed that ultrasonic vibration improved the degree of grain recrystallization on both sides of the IMCs layers and promoted the consumption of dislocations, which resulted in a reduced diffusion rate of atoms. Therefore, the growth of IMC layer was suppressed in UVeFSW.
Galileo’s speedometer: an approach to the concept of instantaneous velocity
Authors: Aguiar C E , Barroso M F , Dias P M C , Francisquini M F B
Published: July 2022

Difficulties presented by students on the concept of instantaneous velocity are well known. This is in part due to instantaneous speed being often defined in terms of the notion of mathematical limit, which may not be clear to many students in introductory physics courses. In this work we present a complementary teaching proposal that can help students to get a better grasp of instantaneous velocity. The approach is based on Galileo’s ideas on instantaneous speed, which he borrowed from the Mertonian scholars much before infinitesimal calculus was developed.
Shrinking violet
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Wegener Margaret , Gurung Som
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a simple method is described for visually demonstrating that the wavelength of light reduces when entering a medium of higher refractive index. When a violet laser (405 nm) is reflected off the surface of a Blu-ray disc (track spacing 320 nm) diffraction cannot occur since the wavelength is greater than the track spacing. However, in water (refractive index 1.33) the wavelength of violet light reduces to 304.5 nm and therefore first-order diffraction can occur when a violet laser is reflected off a Blu-ray disc submerged in water. A violet laser was reflected off a DVD in air, and one diffraction order was seen, but two orders were observed when the disc was immersed in water. Red, green, and violet lasers were reflected off CD, DVD and Blu-ray discs and the number of observed diffraction orders compared with theory. When a violet laser was reflected off a CD in air, three diffraction orders were seen, however five orders were observed in water. The use of tonic water in the experiments enabled the diffraction orders to be seen more easily because violet light causes the quinine in tonic water to fluoresce.
FLUKA cross sections for cosmic-ray interactions with the DRAGON2 code
Authors: De La Torre Luque P. , Mazziotta M.N. , Ferrari A. , Loparco F. , Sala P.R. , Serini D.
Published: July 2022

Secondary particles produced in spallation reactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas provide valuable information that allow us to investigate the injection and transport of charged particles in the Galaxy. A good understanding of the cross sections of production of these particles is crucial to correctly interpret our models, although the existing experimental data is very scarce and uncertain. We have developed a new set of cross sections, both inelastic and inclusive, computed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo nuclear code and tested its compatibility with CR data. Inelastic and inclusive cross sections have been compared to the most up-to-date data and parameterisations finding a general good agreement.

Then, these cross sections have been implemented in the DRAGON2 code to characterize the spectra of CR nuclei up to Z = 26 and the secondary-to-primary ratios of B, Be and Li. Interestingly, we find that the FLUKA cross sections allow us to predict an energy-dependence of the B, Be and Li flux ratios which is compatible with AMS-02 data and to reproduce simultaneously these flux ratios with a scaling lower than 20%. Finally, we implement the cross sections of production of gamma rays, calculated with FLUKA, in the Gammasky code and compute diffuse gamma-ray sky maps and the local HI emissivity spectrum, finding a very good agreement with Fermi Large Area Telescope data.
Optimal policies for mitigating pandemic costs: a tutorial model
Authors: Serra M , al-Mosleh S , Ganga Prasath S , Raju V , Mantena S , Chandra J , Iams S , Mahadevan L
Published: July 2022

There have been a number of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions associated with COVID-19 over the past two years. Various non-pharmaceutical interventions were proposed and implemented to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most common of these were partial and complete lockdowns that were used in an attempt to minimize the costs associated with mortality, economic losses and social factors, while being subject to constraints such as finite hospital capacity. Here, we use a minimal model posed in terms of optimal control theory to understand the costs and benefits of such strategies. This allows us to determine top-down policies for how to restrict social contact rates given an age-structured model for the dynamics of the disease. Depending on the relative weights allocated to mortality and socioeconomic losses, we see that the optimal strategies range from long-term social-distancing only for the most vulnerable, partial lockdown to ensure not over-running hospitals, and alternating-shifts, all of which lead to significant reduction in mortality and/or socioeconomic losses. Crucially, commonly used strategies that involve long periods of broad lockdown are almost never optimal, as they are highly unstable to reopening and entail high socioeconomic costs. Using parameter estimates from data available for Germany and the USA early in the pandemic, we quantify these policies and use sensitivity analysis in the relevant model parameters and initial conditions to determine the range of robustness of our policies. Finally we also discuss how bottom-up behavioral changes affect the dynamics of the pandemic and show how they can work in tandem with top-down control policies to mitigate pandemic costs even more effectively.
Fractional-calculus analysis of human immunodeficiency virus and CD4+ T-cells with control interventions
Authors: Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah , Azhar Ali Shah Syed
Published: July 2022

It is undeniable that HIV infection has been a censorious public health concern over the past four decades. It is reported that HIV is the main reason for AIDs which has decimated the global population of humans and imposed a significant economic burden on affected areas. Hence, it is significant to study the transmission of HIV viruses in the body of a human host. In this study, we use a fractional framework to organise the intricate interactions of CD4+ T-cells and HIV viruses in order to investigate HIV infection with control interventions. We apply the operators of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu to interrogate the transmission phenomena of HIV viruses. For the analysis of our system, we present the basic concepts of the fractional operators. Numerical schemes are provided to show the solution pathways of the system with the variation of input parameters. Furthermore, the findings emphasise the chaotic and dynamical behaviour of HIV. We run several simulations to visualise the influence of input factors and quantitatively illustrated the dynamics of HIV. Chaos and oscillatory behaviour are intimately linked, and this is owing to the system’s nonlinearity. Furthermore, our findings indicate the most important factors for infection control and prevention.
New light fields based on integration theory within the Weyl ordering product of operators
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Lan-Lan , Guo Da-Wei , Fan Hong-Yi
Published: July 2022

The development of quantum optics theory based on the method of integration within an ordered product of operators (IWOP) has greatly stimulated the study of quantum states in the light field, especially non-Gaussian states with various non-classical properties. In this paper, the two-mode squeezing operator is derived with integral theory within the Weyl ordering product of operators using a combinatorial field in which one mode is a chaotic field and the other mode is a vacuum field. The density operator of the new light field, its entanglement property and photon number distribution are analyzed. We also note that tracing a three-mode pure state can yield this new light field. These methods represent a theoretical approach to investigating new density operators of light fields.
Relationship between the spatial position of the seed and growth mode for single-crystal diamond grown with an enclosed-type holder
Authors: Xie Wen-Liang , Lv Xian-Yi , Wang Qi-Liang , Li Liu-An , Zou Guang-Tian
Published: July 2022

The relationship between the spatial position of the diamond seed and growth mode is investigated with an enclosed-type holder for single-crystal diamond growth using the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition epitaxial method. The results demonstrate that there are three main regions by varying the spatial position of the seed. Due to the plasma concentration occurring at the seed edge, a larger depth is beneficial to transfer the plasma to the holder surface and suppress the polycrystalline diamond rim around the seed edge. However, the plasma density at the edge decreases drastically when the depth is too large, resulting in the growth of a vicinal grain plane and the reduction of surface area. By adopting an appropriate spatial location, the size of single-crystal diamond can be increased from 7 mm × 7 mm × 0.35 mm to 8.6 mm × 8.6 mm × 2.8 mm without the polycrystalline diamond rim.
Design of vertical diamond Schottky barrier diode with junction terminal extension structure by using the n-Ga2O3/p-diamond heterojunction
Authors: Lin Wang , Wang Ting-Ting , Wang Qi-Liang , Lv Xian-Yi , Li Gen-Zhuang , Li Liu-An , Ao Jin-Ping , Zou Guang-Tian
Published: July 2022

A novel junction terminal extension structure is proposed for vertical diamond Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) by using an n-Ga2O3/p-diamond heterojunction. The depletion region of the heterojunction suppresses part of the forward current conduction path, which slightly increases the on-resistance. On the other hand, the reverse breakdown voltage is enhanced obviously because of attenuated electric field crowding. By optimizing the doping concentration, length, and depth of n-Ga2O3, the trade-off between on-resistance and breakdown voltage with a high Baliga figure of merit (FOM) value is realized through Silvaco technology computer-aided design simulation. In addition, the effect of the work functions of the Schottky electrodes is evaluated. The results are beneficial to realizing a high-performance vertical diamond SBD.
Impact of coherent mode on divertor particle and heat flux in a type I ELMy H mode plasma on EAST tokamak
Authors: Long F.F. , Zhang T. , Ming T.F. , Liu X.J. , Meng L.Y. , Wu M.F. , Li B. , Liang R.R. , Wu M.Q. , Hao B.L. , Tang T.F. , Chen M.W. , Liu S.C. , Wang Y.M. , Han X. , Liu H.Q. , Zhao H.L. , Zang Q. , Wang L. , Zeng L. , Li G.Q. , Gao X. , the EAST Team
Published: July 2022

The paper investigates the effect of pedestal turbulence, i.e. coherent mode (CM), on the divertor total particle flux, the particle flux distribution and heat flux distribution, and their decay lengths in the scrape-off layer (SOL) region on EAST tokamak. The experimental evidence indicates the coherence between the pedestal CM and the divertor particle flux fluctuation, which implies that the pedestal CM can affect the divertor plasma behavior. The increase of the particle flux decay length

(

λ

j

s

)

correlates with the density radial decay length (λ

n,SOL) in the SOL region where the λ

n,SOL is largely affected by the change of pedestal CM amplitude. A quantitative statistical analysis shows that the divertor total particle flux and

λ

j

s

in the SOL region increase with increasing amplitude of the electron density fluctuation and the electron temperature fluctuation induced by the pedestal CM. The temporal decay process of the total particle flux is interrupted by the appearance of CM at the pedestal. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of the divertor particle flux and heat flux are enhanced when the pedestal CM appears, which are observed in both the upper single null and lower single null configurations.
Analysis of random sequential message passing algorithms for approximate inference
Authors: Çakmak Burak , Lu Yue M , Opper Manfred
Published: July 2022

We analyze the dynamics of a random sequential message passing algorithm for approximate inference with large Gaussian latent variable models in a student–teacher scenario. To model nontrivial dependencies between the latent variables, we assume random covariance matrices drawn from rotation invariant ensembles. Moreover, we consider a model mismatching setting, where the teacher model and the one used by the student may be different. By means of dynamical functional approach, we obtain exact dynamical mean-field equations characterizing the dynamics of the inference algorithm. We also derive a range of model parameters for which the sequential algorithm does not converge. The boundary of this parameter range coincides with the de Almeida Thouless (AT) stability condition of the replica-symmetric ansatz for the static probabilistic model.
Utilization of Tractor Power using Front Three Point Linkage
Authors: Jagan T , Ponpaul R.S.
Published: July 2022

With a higher HP tractor it is difficult to take the maximum use of tractor power. Front three-point linkage has been found profitable with these tractors due to higher power requirement and also due to multiple operations in single pass. The importance of this study is to check its feasibility under Indian field conditions. Front three-point linkage are designed and fabricated according to Category II hitch requirements. Hydraulic cylinders are designed to provide hydraulic power to the front linkages. Selection of hydraulic hoses is done according to the requirements and availability. Mechanical front-wheel drive tractor is selected for the test. Laboratory test is carried out to evaluate its lifting performance. Field performance is also done to check its profitability. A field is prepared using cultivator in front and harrow in rear and the performance are calculated.
Sustainable renewable energy generation: A case study based teeny review
Authors: Bhuvaneswari V. , Balaji D. , Amarnath V. , Balasubramaniam M. , Dhanesh kanna T. , Hariprasadh M. , Karthick S. , Navin chandar S. , Pragadeesh K.B.
Published: July 2022

The global temperature rise is a great alarming factor. The most remarkable contributors are industries and automobiles. Many researchers around the world struggling to find the solution sooner. Many emphasized that solution is required at the earliest possible time, already glaciers in arctic started melting. The majority of them, such as fossil fuels, coal well as others, have been contaminating the immediate area. There is also the option of using renewable energy resources (RERs) that also would be a natural treasure to humanity because of their proximity. Based on a variety of factors, the amount of energy that can be harvested by using RERs is limited, such as seasonal, inadequate equipment, as well as huge collection space. In this article, the emphasis is now on the extent to which other constraints can be utilized. Sectors that produce goods demand enormous amounts of energy, but that energy might indeed not be used in those sectors. As a result, the RERs can sometimes be extensively employed by households and small businesses whose power needs are minimal. As a result, this review has been consolidated in the way of several different test cases.
Performance Assessment of Electrically Converted Diesel Fuel Driven Commercial Vehicle
Authors: Ramesh Babu S. , Senthil Kumar C. , Maria Raj Manoj P. , Manokaran S. , Rooban Kumar R.
Published: July 2022

An electric vehicle has an alternative drive that uses electric motors and controllers to replace traditional internal combustion engines. Power comes from a battery or battery cell, not a carbon-based fuel. This not only saves money, but also has a low environmental impact. It also has a number of advantages over traditional internal combustion engines, particularly in terms of considerably reduced pollutants and increased energy efficiency. There are several impediments to the quick adoption of electric vehicles, including battery technical constraints, high purchasing costs, and a lack of charging infrastructure. In this conversion we can save and control the emission and pollution. In this work, a diesel fuel driven 909 CC commercial vehicle has been converted into the electric vehicle (EV) with suitable modifications in their power train. Then, the performance of the EV was analysed and it was found satisfactory. In this way, an attempt was made to retrofit the commercial diesel vehicle to work in electric power. The mileage of the EV was measured as 110 km per charge for the 25% load and 80 km per charge for the full load condition.
Experimentally Investigating the Flat Plate Solar Water Heating System (FPSWHS) for South Indian Climate
Authors: Senthil T.S. , Porkodi M , Ranjith Kumar R. , Vijay Muni T , Karuna M. S. , Subbiah Ram
Published: July 2022

The heat transfer performance of a flat plate solar water heating system was investigated experimentally in this paper (FPSWHS). The main objective of this investigation is to analyze the behaviour of FPSWHS with a 1.5 m2 receiver surface area in South Indian weather conditions and to calculate the heat energy created by the receiver for residential usages, which lessens electricity usage and assists the nation in conserving energy acquired from carbon fuels. Water was employed as the working medium in this investigation. The trials have been conducted in the first week of March 2021 at 13.0827° North, 80.2707° East. The findings confirmed that the solar thermal system's estimated average efficacy remained 44.3%, and the system's maximum output temperature of water was 67°C.
Design and development of large scale FDM based 3D printer
Authors: Brathikan V M , Balasubramanian S , Kiranlal S , Ravi Ragul R
Published: July 2022

Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) is one of the fabricating methods because it permits outrageous customization, quick prototyping of wanted designs and low volume creation of items. FDM printer goes under the material expulsion class. The filament is constrained into the hot extruder. The filament is warmed first and afterward stored, through the spout, onto a form stage layer-by-layer to frame the total 3D structure. A printer equipped for printing a 1.5-meter cubic-sized object was designed in SOLIDWORKS CAD software and manufactured into a functioning model. The Frame, Linear guide rail, and Z-axis rails were subjected to static structural, modal and harmonic response analysis with ANSYS Workbench. The designed parts were investigated by modal analysis to get the natural frequency. The effect on the guide rails and frame due to external forces, stepper motor, and extruder were examined with harmonic response analysis. The frequency at which the amplitude rises drastically from a phase angle of 0 degrees to 180 degrees was obtained using harmonic response analysis as well. The model was further subjected to motion analysis using ADAMS dynamic software.
Study on TIG welding parameters for joining different kind of aluminium tube with a tube plate
Authors: Chandran Jishu , Muniamuthu Sumathy , Padmanaban G. , Kishore kumar A. , Mohan kumar M.
Published: July 2022

Welding is a vital metal joining technique with a wide range of industrial uses. In this study, numerous process factors such as current, feed rate, and distance between tube and work piece, among others, were used to investigate in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. We used Aluminum 6063 tube to Aluminum 6061 tube plate for this TIG welding. After the welding is finished, a radiographic test is performed to show any welding faults that might lead to defect-free welds. The most critical control factors that would result in better joint strength were identified to use a Taguchi L9 orthogonal matrix. Furthermore, the most relevant process parameter was determined using quantitative independent test (ANOVA). In addition, the mechanical tests were performed to determine the welding strength. The value of the best welded connection strength for tubes with holes welded at interference was found to be 318.716 MPa.
Activated flux induced Tungsten inert gas welding of Ferrous alloys - A Review
Authors: Rakesh N , Rameshkumar K.
Published: July 2022

Ferrous alloys are employed in a range of fields, including aerospace, construction, automobiles and chemical processing. One of the most used welding processes for the fusion of ferrous metals is gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. Due to the lower amount of penetration accomplished using only one pass, welding is less frequent in some industrial situations. Fluxes have been discovered to improve the penetration depth of GTA welding, resulting in increased productivity. The research on Activated flux induced TIG (A-TIG) welding of ferrous alloys is discussed in this publication. The effect of fluxes during TIG welding, the effect of weld parameters on weld morphology, and the usage of fluxes in dissimilar welds of ferrous alloys are all discussed in this study. The mechanisms involved in enhancement of penetration depth, the types of fluxes used, the effect of fluxes on mechanical properties and microstructures are discussed. The study also gives an insight on areas less explored.
Fabrication of Hydrothermal Carbonisation Plant for Carbonisation of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Kannabiran R , Jose Ananth Vino V
Published: July 2022

This research work presents the carbonization of the municipal solid waste (MSW) and cost analysis to establish its economic aspects. The hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) is used to carbonise MSW, converting the biomass into a substance that resembles coal. A comparative analysis is also presented for the before and after carbonization of MSW samples. The HTC process of carbonization procedure is presented by considering the characteristics including duration, temperature, and pressure. The results reveals that the carbonization process of MSW is very much effective to reduce the CO2 emission and global warming.
Analysis and Optimization of Composite Propeller Shaft for Automotive Applications
Authors: Manideep CH. , Raja E.
Published: July 2022

In the field of automotive engineering polymeric composites played vital role due to its outstanding properties such as high strength, low weight and high stiffness. The purpose of this research is to develop a single piece steel (Cr–Mo SCM440) drive shaft using computer aided modelling tool and finite element method was used for analysing static analysing and free vibration. These results were compared with the propeller shaft made by carbon and glass epoxy composites. ANSYS software is used for accomplish total deflection, natural frequency, and modal analyses. From this work it was noted that the propeller shaft made using carbon epoxy offered better results as compared with steel and glass epoxy composite propeller.
Investigating Conventional Concrete using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a Substitute for Finer Aggregate
Authors: Natarajan Suganya , Jeelani Syed Hamim , Sunagar Prashant , Magade Sushilkumar , Salvi Sahil Sanjeev , Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: July 2022

The concrete industry introduces a variety of linked ways for integrating and using waste materials that are generally usable, readily accessible, and financially feasible for the everyday consumer. The use of such components in cementitious materials not just to saves greenhouse gas emissions, but also improves flowability and longevity significantly. This article discusses how rice husk ash (RHA), a byproduct of rice production, may be used with cementitious material. Because the density of concrete incorporating RHA is comparable to that of standard weight cement, it may also be used for a wide variety of applications. RHA concrete's impermeable substructure provides superior resistance against chemical attack, salt entry, and bubbling, among other things. RHA cementitious material has excellent contraction characteristics and increases the durability of the concretes. In this work, the RHA was used in progressive fractions such as, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% as a substitute for the fine sand in different periods. The outcomes evidenced that the incorporation of 20% replacement of RHA with fine sand showed a better increment in the compressive strength of the concrete.
Enhancing the Mechanical Characteristics of the Traditional Concrete with the Steel Scrap
Authors: Venugopal N , Emmanual L , Sunagar Prashant , Parida Lukesh , Sivaranjani M. , Santhanakrishnan M.
Published: July 2022

The mechanical performance of concrete with varying proportions of steel scraps as a composite additive is investigated in this work. A M50 grade concrete admixture with a 0.35 water-to-binder ratio was prepared for this study. The appropriate quantity of superplasticizer was included as the mineral admixture. Steel scraps are obtained as waste from local machining workshops and then included in various proportions, including 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 percentages. The cubical mortar specimens were being employed to determine the compressive characteristics of mortar structure with and without steel scrap, whilst the cylinder-formed specimens and beam shaped samples were being utilized to determine the indirect tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixture. All experiments with different percentages of steel scrap were conducted on the 3 replicates, and the mean value is provided in this paper. After 28 days, the cement without steel scrap seemed to have a mean compression, flexural, and tensile strengths of 46.3 MPa, 5.52 MPa, and 4.23 MPa, respectively, which were improved to 51.7 MPa, 6.16 MPa, and 4.58 MPa with the inclusion of 1.0% steel scrap. The proposed investigation will contribute to reducing cement use, hence reducing cement industry's adverse ecological impacts.
Optimal pulse width modulation for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with improved torque and thermal losses using pulse numbers
Authors: Viswanathan Tamilarasu , Prabhakaran Anush , Sekar R M , Rajan Babu W , Mathankumar M , Gowdham Kumar S
Published: July 2022

This paper utilises the concept of pulse numbers to provide a new optimal pulse width modulation strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor operation. The benefits of traditional modulation systems are preserved, as is an improvement in torque and thermal loss reduction. The continuous modulation approaches' performance limitations are solved by separating the performance constraints based on the drives surface area. The rotating component, which is regulated through odd and even pulse numbers, is used to mimic torque and thermal losses. With increases to 20 rpm and 30 rpm speeds, the suggested methods boost the 6% to 8% line current. Thermal losses are reduced by 21° C to 23° C, and torque is improved by 2 to 4 Nm. The proposed system is implemented by creating a MATLAB model that ensures the theoretic concept.
Development of an algorithm for generating queries for a data flow control system
Authors: Kotilevets I D , Ksenofontov N V , Karbova E S , Ivanova I A
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, the process of technology development can be described as accumulation of huge data resources, which numbers are growing. Problems associated with the presentation of information in the form of data flow or streams arise more and more often due to the increased amount of data and the speed of their processing. This article presents inquiry algorithm, which is based on methods of inquiry adaptation. The algorithm includes streaming data processing from different sources, which allows to apply new inquiries to old data and new data to old inquiries to make getting the results more efficient.
Feature Selection Methods Comparison for EEG-based Classifier Constructed Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Features
Authors: Tsybenov B , Svetlakov M , Hodashinsky I
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the results of a study in the application of electroencephalography (EEG) for user authentication using discrete wavelet transform. The Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions dataset (LEMON) was used. Mean value, standard deviation, and root mean square value are used as features. Feature selection methods based on correlation, on mutual information, and on the χ2 criterion are used for reduce feature space. The SVM model is used for classification. The efficiency of constructed classifier has been tested using cross-validation procedure. Classifier built on feature reduced data via mutual information criteria have improved accuracy (97.4%) with feature space nearly halved (183 features) compared to baseline classifier.
Selection of a forecasting model for Russia consumer price index based on the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Kasyan E A , Nemirovich-Danchenko M M
Published: July 2022

The present article is dedicated to the problem of making decisions in the process of selecting a forecasting model through the example of Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI) forecast. Forecast values of CPI have been obtained for a year of 2021 using five models. Qualitative criteria for the comparability of the models have been formulated in order to select the most appropriate model. The application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process gives the opportunity to determine the optimal model for the Consumer Price Index forecast based on the synthesis of quantitative preference vectors.
Exploring of the MobileNet V1 and MobileNet V2 models on NVIDIA Jetson Nano microcomputer
Authors: Edel G , Kapustin V
Published: July 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the accuracy of MobileNet V1 and MobileNet V2 models when recognizing pedestrians at different times of the year, with changing distance and position. According to the test results, the pros and cons of the models were identified, as well as their capabilities and dependencies. Models were compared directly to each other. All studies were performed on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano microcomputer.
Modeling the factors that determine the accuracy of the range measuring using active-pulse television measuring systems
Authors: Chaldina E , Movchan A , Kapustin V , Borodina N
Published: July 2022

The article describes the operation principles of the active-pulse television measuring system and the method of measuring the range by using it. The results of modeling and the effect of control impulse jitter and photodetector noise on the range measurement accuracy are presented. Based on the simulation results, the dependence of the range measurement error on the value of the jitter of the control pulses and the noise of the photodetector was established. A decrease in the accuracy of measuring the range with an increase in the jitter values of the control pulses and the noise of the photodetector was established.
Optimization of a broad-side coupling modal filter by evolutionary strategy algorithm with setting the ranges of the optimization parameters
Authors: Gordeyeva V O , Belousov A O
Published: July 2022

The paper considers the optimization of a modal filter with broad-side coupling by evolutionary strategy algorithm with limitations (i.e., setting the ranges of the optimization parameters). An improved block diagram of the algorithm with limitations is presented. The sequential optimization that uses the original and improved algorithms with different numbers of computations is performed. The performance of the improved algorithm is demonstrated. The main advantages and disadvantages of this algorithm are shown.
Studying the process of holographic formation of multilayer inhomogeneous PPM-LC diffraction structures
Authors: Ivanchenko V G , Dolgirev V O , Rastrygin D S , Sharangovich S N
Published: July 2022

The article describes a theoretical model for the formation of a multilayer diffractive holographic structure (MIHDS) based on a photopolymer composition including liquid crystals (LC). We presented mathematical modeling of spatial profiles kinetics of the refractive index of the first harmonic of MIHDS considering the photoinduced light absorption (PLA) of the non-optimized and optimized composition. Numerical modeling has shown that optimization of the composition of MIHDS at different thicknesses of the diffraction layer requires a difference in the concentration of the dye-sensitizer for subsequent layers.
Power supply output inductance effect on arc parameters of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering
Authors: Oskirko V O , Pavlov A P , Zakharov A Z , Semenov V A , Azhgikhin M I , Solovyev A A
Published: July 2022

The paper studies the influence of the power supply output inductance on the arc parameters, which form on the sputtered target surface during high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The arc energy, lifetime and maximum current are measured by the up-to-date power source and the proposed arc simulation circuit at various output inductance values. The experimental data are compared with the simulation results. The paper presents a brief model description for the arc parameter calculations. According to the experimental data, the decrease in the output inductance leads to the increase in the peak current, arc lifetime and energy. It is shown that the energy recuperation stored in the output inductance allows reducing the arc energy. Also, self-locking of control transistor occurs at a lower value (∼1 µH) of the output inductance, leading to the reduction in the current amplitude and the additional decrease in the arc energy.
Electron-beam modification of nitrile butadiene rubber in the fore-vacuum pressure range
Authors: Yushkov Yu G , Kazakov A V , Tyunkov A V
Published: July 2022

We have studied the modification of nitrile butadiene rubber surface properties by pulsed and by continuous electron beams generated in inert (argon, helium) and in chemically active (oxygen, nitrogen, air) gas atmosphere in the fore-vacuum range of pressure (∼10 Pa). Relative measurements of the wear rate, friction coefficient, and contact (wetting) angle of the sample surfaces before and after beam treatment have been made. We have found that the electron-beam treatment of nitrile butadiene rubber does not result in any significant thermal damage to its surface, and that dependencies of the coefficient of friction and the wear rate on the surface treatment duration have a non-monotonic character. For optimal electron beam treatment conditions, the friction coefficient decreases by a factor of about two.
3D biomaterial P scaffolds carrying umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve biointegration of keratoprosthesis
Authors: Li Yueyue , Xu Wenqin , Li Qian , Li Xiaoqi , Li Junyang , Kang Li , Fang Yifan , Cheng Shuaishuai , Zhao Peng , Jiang Shumeng , Liu Wei , Yan Xiaojun , Du Yanan , Wang Liqiang , Huang Yifei
Published: July 2022

Biointegration of a keratoprosthesis (KPro) is critical for the device stability and long-term retention. Biointegration of the KPro device and host tissue takes place between the surrounding corneal graft and the central optic (made by poly (methyl methacrylate)). Our previous clinical results showed that auricular cartilage reinforcement is able to enhance the KPro biointegration. However, the auricular cartilage is non-renewable and difficult to acquire. In this study, we developed a novel type of biomaterial using a three-dimensional porous polyethylene glycol acrylate scaffold (3D biological P-scaffold) carrier with chondrocytes differentiated from induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and tested in rabbit corneas. The results showed hUC-MSCs bear stem cell properties and coule be induced into chondrocytes, P-scaffold is beneficial to the growth and differentiation of hUC-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, after implanting the P-scaffold into the corneal stroma, no serious immune rejection response, such as corneal ulcer or perforation were seen, suggested a good biocompatibility of P-scaffold with the corneal tissue. Moreover, after implanting P-scaffold in together with the differentiated chondrocytes into the rabbit corneal stroma, they significantly increased corneal thickness and strengthened the host cornea, and chondrocytes could stably persist inside the cornea. In summary, the 3D biological P-scaffold carrying differentiated hUC-MSCs could be the preferable material for KPro reinforcement.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 5: Analytic bootstraps for scattering amplitudes and beyond
Authors: Papathanasiou Georgios
Published: July 2022

One of the main challenges in obtaining predictions for collider experiments from perturbative quantum field theory, is the direct evaluation of the Feynman integrals it gives rise to. In this chapter, we review an alternative bootstrap method that instead efficiently constructs physical quantities by exploiting their analytic structure. We present in detail the setting where this method has been originally developed, six- and seven-particle amplitudes in the large-color limit of

N
=
4

super Yang–Mills theory. We discuss the class of functions these amplitudes belong to, and the strong clues mathematical objects known as cluster algebras provide for rendering this function space both finite and of relatively small dimension at each loop order. We then describe how to construct this function space, as well as how to locate the amplitude inside of it with the help of kinematic limits, and apply the general procedure to a concrete example: the determination of the two-loop correction to the first nontrivial six-particle amplitude. We also provide an overview of other areas where the realm of the bootstrap paradigm is expanding, including other scattering amplitudes, form factors and Feynman integrals, and point out the analytic properties of potentially wider applicability that it has revealed.