bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional oral care in end-of-life patients with advanced cancers in a hospice ward: Improvement of oral conditions
Authors: Wu Ting-Ying , Liu Hsiu-Yueh , Wu Chien-Yi , Chen Hung-Cheng , Huang Shun-Te , Chen Ping-Ho
Published: November 2019

Background: In end-of-life patients with advanced cancers, oral examination, oral care, and oral re-examination are crucial. Although oral symptoms are among the major complaints of end-of-life patients, few studies have focused on oral care in these patients. In this study, the association between oral symptoms and oral dryness among end-of-life patients was examined, and improvement of oral conditions after oral care interventions by a professional dentist was quantified. Methods: This prospective intervention study included 27 terminally ill patients with advanced cancers in a hospice ward. Professional oral care was administered every morning, and the improvement of oral conditions was assessed by comparing oral conditions before and after the intervention. Oral assessment was performed using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Oral Assessment Guide. Oral dryness was evaluated through Clinical Diagnosis Classification of oral dryness and an oral moisture device. Oral cleanliness was evaluated using a bacterial counter, and tongue smears were collected for Candida examination; furthermore, oral function was recorded. Results: The presence of oral mucositis was closely associated with severe oral dryness (odds ratio [OR] = 14.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–114.38). The level of oral debris retention was significantly related to the degree of oral dryness (OR = 15.97; 95% CI: 2.06–123.72). The group with higher scores (OHAT > 8), which represent poor oral conditions, showed severe oral dryness (OR = 17.97; 95% CI: 1.45–223.46). Total OHAT scores (median: 7 vs 2) and those of other subgroups (lip, tongue, gums and tissues, saliva, and oral cleanliness showed a significant decrease after the intervention. Furthermore, the occurrence of mucositis (47.1% vs 0%), candidiasis rate (68.8% vs 43.8%), oral dryness self-sensation (63.6% vs 9.1%), and severe oral debris (52.9% vs 11.8%) decreased significantly. Conclusions: Proper oral care can improve oral health and hygiene, reduce the rate of mucositis, reduce the sensation of oral dryness, increase oral moisture, and reduce the chances of oral infections among end-of-life patients. Daily oral care is necessary and can alleviate oral discomfort, increase food intake, and increase the chances of communication between end-of-life patients and their families.
Validation of the Japanese version of the Barriers Questionnaire II in cancer pain management: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sakakibara Naoki , Komatsu Hiroko , Takahashi Mikako , Yamauchi Hideko , Yamauchi Teruo , Doorenbos Ardith Z
Published: November 2019

Background: The Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) was developed to assess barriers to effective pain management. In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the newly developed Japanese version of the BQ-II (JBQ-II).Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted an ambulatory infusion center for cancer in a general hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Participants were 120 Japanese patients with cancer and 21 Japanese health professionals with experience in pain management. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability. Test–retest reliability was assessed with Spearman’s intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct, criterion-related, and discriminant validity were assessed using information about pain management, daily life, mental health, and subjective health.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90 for the JBQ-II, and all ICCs exceeded 0.70 (P < 0.01). Factor analysis showed the JBQ-II had a virtually identical structure to the BQ-II, and path analysis supported the JBQ-II constructs. The JBQ-II was weakly correlated with poor mental state (r = 0.36, P < 0.01). Patients’ JBQ-II scores were significantly higher than health professionals’ scores.Conclusion: The JBQ-II is a valid and reliable measure of patient-related barriers to pain management among Japanese people with cancer.
Methotrexate and relative risk of dementia amongst patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: a multi-national multi-database case-control study
Authors: Newby Danielle , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Duarte-Salles Talita , Ansell David , Pedersen Lars , Lei Johan van der , Mosseveld Mees , Rijnbeek Peter , James Glen , Alexander Myriam , Egger Peter , Podhorna Jana , Stewart Robert , Perera Gayan , Avillach Paul , Grosdidier Solène , Lovestone Simon , Nevado-Holgado Alejo J
Published: November 2019

Inflammatory processes have been shown to play a role in dementia. To understand this role we selected two anti-inflammatory drugs (methotrexate and sulfasalazine) to study their association with dementia risk.METHODS A retrospective matched case-control study, of patients over 50 with rheumatoid arthritis (486 dementia cases and 641 controls) were identified from electronic health records in the United Kingdom, Spain, Denmark and the Netherlands. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted to estimate risk of dementia.RESULTS Prior methotrexate use was associated with dementia (OR: 0.71 95% CI 0.52-0.98). Methotrexate use was strongest with therapy longer than 4 years (odds ratio: 0.37 95% CI 0.17-0.79). Sulfasalazine use was not associated with dementia (odds ratio: 0.88 95% CI 0.57-1.37).CONCLUSIONS Further studies are still required to clarify the relationship between prior methotrexate use and duration as well as biological treatments with dementia risk.
A mindfulness-based intervention for breast cancer patients with cognitive impairment after chemotherapy: Study protocol of a three–group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gucht Katleen Van der , Ahmadoun Soumaya , Melis Michelle , Gebruers Anneleen , Smeets Ann , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Wildiers Hans , Neven Patrick , Kuppens Peter , Raes Filip , Sunaert Stefan , Deprez Sabine
Published: November 2019

Background: Mindfulness has been applied to improve cancer care by enhancing psychological well-being. However, little is known about its impact on cognitive impairment experienced by cancer patients after chemotherapy. Mindfulness may be relevant in tackling cognitive impairment by decreasing emotional distress and fatigue, by decreasing inflammation, and by strengthening functional brain connectivity. The aim of the present study protocol is to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy. Methods: The present study is a three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline, one to three weeks after the intervention and at three months follow-up. One hundred twenty breast cancer patients who ended treatment minimum 6 months and maximum 5 years before and who have cognitive complaints will be enrolled. They will be randomized into one of the following 3 study arms: (1) a mindfulness-based intervention group (n=40), (2) an active control condition based on physical training (n=40), or (3) a treatment as usual (TAU) control group (n=40). Both the mindfulness-based intervention and the active control condition exist of 4 group sessions (3 hours for the mindfulness condition and 2 hours for the physical training) spread over 8 weeks. The primary outcomes will be cognitive complaints as measured by the cognitive failure questionnaire and changes in functional brain connectivity in the attention network. Secondary outcomes will be (1) levels of emotional distress, fatigue, mindfulness, quality of life; (2) neurocognitive tests; (3) structural and functional brain changes using MR imaging, and (4) inflammation. Discussion: The study will examine the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients. If the findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based program to reduce cognitive impairment, it will be possible to improve quality of life for ex-cancer patients. We will inform health care providers about the potential use of a mindfulness-based intervention as a non-pharmaceutical, low-threshold mental health intervention to improve cognitive impairment after cancer. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03736460. Retrospectively registered on 8th November 2018
Jiao-tai-wan for insomnia symptoms caused by the disharmony of the heart and kidney: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zeng Congcong , Liu Xi , Hu Lufeng , Feng Yuan , Xia Nengzhi , Zeng Haihuan , Luo Lin , Ye Ren , Yuan zhengzhong
Published: November 2019

Background: Insomnia seriously affects people’s normal lives and work. However, effective treatment strategies are scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) for ameliorating insomnia symptoms caused by disharmony of the heart and kidney. Design: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. One hundred twenty-eight participants suffering from insomnia symptoms will randomly assigned to the JTW or placebo group in an equal ratio. The participants will be asked to take JTW or placebo granules twice a day for 1 week. All data will be gathered at baseline and at the end of drug intervention. The primary outcome measures will be the mean change in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) from baseline to the end of drug intervention. Secondary outcome measures will include the the altered sleep parameters in polysomnography, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evalution, the Disharmony of Heart and Kidney Scoring System score and blood tests, including the levels of serum adenosine and melatonin. A laboratory test will be taken before and after treatment to assess the safety of JTW. Discussion: The outcomes of this study will confirm the efficacy of JTW for the treatment of insomnia symptoms, and will also be used to monitor the safety of JTW. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019239.Registered on 1st November 2018- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/. Keywords: Jiao-tai-wan, Insomnia, Traditional herbal medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Study protocol, Pattern identification
Comparative vibration analysis on IC engine with biodiesel and multi-walled carbon nanotube
Authors: V Velumani , V Manieniyan , S Sivaprakasam
Published: November 2019

Sound and vibration caused in the engine due to combustion process may affect the users. One of the vital qualities of diesel fuel is high sound and vibration. The vibration of the engine is one of the primary factors in engine structure and maintenance. Vibration estimation on the engine block, cylinder head is a non-intrusive strategy and has been utilized effectively for fault prediction of diesel engines. The vibration signals along with signal processing techniques are utilized to highlights the features that are sensitive to faults. In this work, experimental tests have been carried out to assess the vibration of a diesel engine with diesel, 20 % biodiesel (Ethyl Ester of ground nut acid oil EEGOA) and 30 ppm Multi-walled Carbon Nano tubes with 20 % biodiesel (MWCNT30ppm B20EEGAO) at various load (20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 %). Digital Vibration Meter Model: Equinox-VM 6360 is utilized to gauge the vibration in three unique positions, one is cylinder head of the engine, second one is crank of the engine, and third one is bottom of the engine. In this work, the vibration is measured in terms of acceleration. The MWCNT30ppm B20EEGAO blend demonstrates the lower vibration compared with different blends.
Numerical study of cascading dam-break characteristics using SWEs and RANS
Authors: Dai Shubing , He Yong , Yang Jijian , Ma Yulei , Jin Sheng , Liang Chao
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the cascading dam-break flood propagation on the downstream sloping channel and reservoir using the shallow water equations (SWEs) and the Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). The calculated surface profiles, stage hydrographs and maximum run-up heights for 24 sets of initial conditions are elaborately compared with the experimental measurements, which show the SWEs reproduce the wave oscillation evolution and the maximum run-up height inaccurately. The maximum run-up heights calculated by the SWEs are all smaller than those by the RANS and the measured results, the maximum errors are within −10% to −25%, which may predict delay of the downstream dam-break. However, the maximum errors calculated by the RANS are within ±10%. So the RANS predict more accurate results than the SWEs. Additionally, the generation of short waves must be below a certain upstream-to-downstream ‘depth ratio’, roughly the ‘depth ratio’ <2/3 in this study. If the ratio is too high, it is difficult to form a wavy push due to air entrainment and turbulence. The SWEs predict more accurate results for shallow initial depths than deep initial depths. Therefore, the advantage of the RANS can be more obvious for deep initial depths.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of L-carnitine and its Esters: Potential Biomarkers of Disturbances in Carnitine Homeostasis
Authors: Bene Judit , Szabo Andras , Komlósi Katalin , Melegh Bela
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

After a golden age of classic carnitine research three decades ago, the spread of mass spectrometry opened new perspectives and a much better understanding of the carnitine system is available nowadays. In the classic period, several human and animal studies were focused on various distinct physiological functions of this molecule and these revealed different aspects of carnitine homeostasis in normal and pathological conditions. Initially, the laboratory analyses were based on the classic or radioenzymatic assays, enabling only the determination of free and total carnitine levels and calculation of total carnitine esters’ amount without any information on the composition of the acyl groups. The introduction of mass spectrometry allowed the measurement of free carnitine along with the specific and sensitive determination of different carnitine esters. Beyond basic research, mass spectrometry study of carnitine esters was introduced into the newborn screening program because of being capable to detect more than 30 metabolic disorders simultaneously. Furthermore, mass spectrometry measurements were performed to investigate different disease states affecting carnitine homeostasis, such as diabetes, chronic renal failure, celiac disease, cardiovascular diseases, autism spectrum disorder or inflammatory bowel diseases.

Results:

This article will review the recent advances in the field of carnitine research with respect to mass spectrometric analyses of acyl-carnitines in normal and various pathological states.

Conclusion:

The growing number of publications using mass spectrometry as a tool to investigate normal physiological conditions or reveal potential biomarkers of primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies shows that this tool brought a new perspective to carnitine research.
MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis
Authors: Pinchi Enrica , Luigi Cipolloni , Paola Santoro , Gianpietro Volonnino , Raoul Tomassi , Mauro Arcangeli , Paola Frati
Published: November 2019

The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an
evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the
third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be
classified in many ways, according to the degree of severity or the pathophysiology of brain injury
(primary and secondary damage). Numerous cellular pathways act in secondary brain damage: excitotoxicity
(mediated by excitatory neurotransmitters), free radical generation (due to mitochondrial
impairment), neuroinflammatory response (due to central nervous system and immunoactivation)
and apoptosis. In this scenario, microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of almost all genes at
the post-transcriptional level. Several microRNAs have been demonstrated to be specifically expressed
in particular cerebral areas; moreover, physiological changes in microRNA expression during
normal cerebral development upon the establishment of neural networks have been characterized.
More importantly, microRNAs show profound alteration in expression in response to brain
pathological states, both traumatic or not. This review summarizes the most important molecular
networks involved in TBI and examines the most recent and important findings on TBI-related microRNAs,
both in animal and clinical studies. The importance of microRNA research holds promise
to find biomarkers able to unearth primary and secondary molecular patterns altered upon TBI, to
ultimately identify key points of regulation, as a valuable support in forensic pathology and potential
therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.
The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders
Authors: Chamera Katarzyna , Trojan Ewa , Szuster-Głuszczak Magdalena , Basta-Kaim Agnieszka
Published: November 2019

:

The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron – microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases.

:

In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron – microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.
The Situation of Chemokine Ligands and Receptors Gene Expression, Following the Oral Administration of Drug Mannuronic Acid in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Aslani Mona , Ahmadzadeh Arman , Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Mortazavi-Jahromi Seyed S. , Barati Anis , Hosseini Mostafa , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: November 2019

Background:

Regarding the leukocytes infiltration into the synovium of Rheumatoid Arthritis
(RA) patients is mostly mediated by chemokine ligands and receptors, and following the efficient
and motivating results of international Phase III clinical trial of β-D-Mannuronic acid (M2000) patented
EP067919 (2017), as a novel anti-inflammatory drug, in patients with RA, the present research was
designed.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the oral administration effects of this new drug on gene expression
of some chemokine receptors and ligands, including CXCR4, CXCR3, CCR2, CCR5 and
CCL2/MCP-1 in PBMCs of patients with active form of RA.

Methods:

Twelve patients suffering from RA, with inadequate response to conventional drugs were
selected (Clinical trial identifier IRCT2017100213739N10) and 1000mg/day of M2000 was orally administrated
to them for 12 weeks. The mRNA expression of target molecules was then evaluated in
PBMCs of the patients before and after treatment with M2000 using real-time PCR and was compared
to healthy controls. Patents related to this study were also reviewed.

Results:

The results showed that M2000 was able to significantly down-regulate the mRNA expression
of CXCR4, CCR2 and CCL2/MCP-1 in the PBMCs of the RA patients. It should be noted that the gene
expression situation of the target molecules was in coordinate with the clinical and paraclinical assessments
in the patients.

Conclusion:

Taken together, the results of this investigation revealed the part of molecular and immunological
mechanisms of drug Mannuronic acid (M2000) in the treatment of RA, based on chemokine
ligands and receptors mediated processes.
Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of a Paper- Versus App-Administered Resilience Scale in Scottish Youths: Comparative Study
Authors: Mcgeough Julienne , Gallagher-Mitchell Thomas , Clark Dan Philip Andrew , Harrison Neil
Published: November 2019

Background

Adequately measuring resilience is important to support young people and children who may need to access resources through social work or educational settings. A widely accepted measure of youth resilience has been developed previously and has been shown to be suitable for vulnerable youth. While the measure is completed by the young person on paper, it has been designed to be worked through with a teacher or social worker in case further clarification is required. However, this method is time consuming and, when faced with large groups of pupils who need assessment, can be overwhelming for schools and practitioners. This study assesses app software with a built-in avatar that can guide young persons through the assessment and its interpretation.

Objective

Our primary objective is to compare the reliability and psychometric properties of a mobile software app to a paper version of the Child and Youth Resilience measure (CYRM-28). Second, this study assesses the use of the CYRM-28 in a Scottish youth population (aged 11-18 years).

Methods

Following focus groups and discussion with teachers, social workers, and young people, an avatar was developed by a software company and integrated into an android smartphone app designed to ask questions via the device’s inbuilt text-to-voice engine. In total, 714 students from 2 schools in North East Scotland completed either a paper version or app version of the CYRM-28. A cross-sectional design was used, and students completed their allocated version twice, with a 2-week period in between each testing. All participants could request clarification either from a guidance teacher (paper version) or from the in-built software glossary (app version).

Results

Test and retest correlations showed that the app version performed better than the paper version of the questionnaire (paper version: r303=0.81; P<.001; 95% CI 0.77-0.85; app version: r413=0.84; P<.001; 95% CI 0.79-0.89). Fisher r to z transformation revealed a significant difference in the correlations (Z=–2.97, P<.01). Similarly, Cronbach α in both conditions was very high (app version: α=.92; paper version: α=.87), suggesting item redundancy. Ordinarily, this would lead to a possible removal of highly correlated items; however, our primary objective was to compare app delivery methods over a pen-and-paper mode and was hence beyond the scope of the study. Fisher r to z transformation revealed a significant difference in the correlations (Z=–3.69, P<.01). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the 3-factor solution (individual, relational, and contextual) and reported a good model fit (χ215=27.6 [n=541], P=.24).

Conclusions

ALEX, an avatar with an integrated voice guide, had higher reliability when measuring resilience than a paper version with teacher assistance. The CFA reports similar structure using the avatar when compared against the original validation.
The Role of Campus Data in Representing Depression Among College Students: Exploratory Research
Authors: Mei Guang , Xu Weisheng , Li Li , Zhao Zhen , Li Hao , Liu Wenqing , Jiao Yueming
Published: November 2019

Background

Depression is a predominant feature of many psychological problems leading to extreme behaviors and, in some cases, suicide. Campus information systems keep detailed and reliable student behavioral data; however, whether these data can reflect depression and we know the differences in behavior between depressive and nondepressive students are still research problems.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioral patterns of depressed students by using multisource campus data and exploring the link between behavioral preferences and depressive symptoms. The campus data described in this paper include basic personal information, academic performance, poverty subsidy, consumption habit, daily routine, library behavior, and meal habit, totaling 121 features.

Methods

To identify potentially depressive students, we developed an online questionnaire system based on a standard psychometric instrument, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). To explore the differences in behavior of depressive and nondepressive students, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. In order to investigate the behavioral features of different depressive symptoms, factor analysis was used to divide the questionnaire items into different symptom groups and then correlation analysis was employed to study the extrinsic characteristics of each depressive symptom.

Results

The correlation between these factors and the features were computed. The results indicated that there were 25 features correlated with either 4 factors or SDS score. The statistical results indicated that depressive students were more likely to fail exams, have poor meal habits, have increased night activities and decreased morning activities, and engage less in social activities (eg, avoiding meal times with friends). Correlation analysis showed that the somatic factor 2 (F4) was negatively correlated with the number of library visits (r=–.179, P<.001), and, compared with other factors, had the greatest impact on students’ daily schedule, eating and social habits. The biggest influencing factor to poor academic performance was cognitive factor F1, and its score was found to be significantly positively correlated with fail rate (r=.185, P=.02).

Conclusions

The results presented in this study indicate that campus data can reflect depression and its symptoms. By collecting a large amount of questionnaire data and combining machine learning algorithms, it is possible to realize an identification method of depression and depressive symptoms based on campus data.
Prediction and Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using Neural Network Model (Preprint)
Authors: Mitrovic Predrag , Stefanovic Branislav , Radovanovic Mina , Radovanovic Nebojsa , Rajic Dubravka , Erceg Predrag
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting represent a substantial percentage of the total population of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Prognosis of the future disease expression is an important part in the follow-up of patients with previous CABG. It is well known that outcome of patients with previous CABG influenced with a lot of abnormalities. Neural networks are a form of artificial intelligence and they may obviate some of the problems associated with traditional statistical techniques, and they are representing a major advance in predictive modeling.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of artificial neural network in the prediction and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with previous coronary artery bypass surgery.

METHODS

The baseline characteristics and clinical data were recorded in 2180 consecutive patients. The data set contains 13 predictor variables per patient. It was first randomly split into training (1090 cases) and test sets (1090 cases). Artificial neural network performance was evaluated using the original data set for each network, as well as its complementary test data set, containing patient data not used for training the network. The program compared actual with predict outcome for each patient, generating a file of comparative results. At the end, results from this file were analyzed and compared, on the basis of a 2x2 contingency table constructed from expected or obtained statistics (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative predictivity).

RESULTS

Linear discriminant analysis was not efficient for prediction and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with prior CABG. The results show that a statistical linear model is not able to perform class separation in multidimensional space and that a nonlinear approach is justified. In analyzing the performance of neural network in outcome prognosis of AMI in patients with previous CABG it is clear that neural network method was better for almost all statistic parameters for all analyzed prediction variables.

CONCLUSIONS

In this clinical situation, artificial intelligence appears to be superior to linear methods for prediction and prognosis of AMI in patients with previous CABG.
Actionable Items to Address Challenges Incorporating Peer Support Specialists Within an Integrated Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder System: Co-Designed Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Almeida Margaret , Day Annie , Smith Bret , Bianco Cynthia , Fortuna Karen
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Peer support specialists offering mental health and substance use support services have been shown to reduce stigma, hospitalizations, and health care costs. However, as peer support specialists are part of a fast-growing mental health and substance use workforce in innovative integrated care settings, they encounter various challenges in their new roles and tasks.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore peer support specialists’ experiences regarding employment challenges in integrated mental health and substance use workplace settings in New Hampshire, USA.

METHODS

Using experience-based co-design, nonpeer academic researchers co-designed this study with peer support specialists. We conducted a series of focus groups with peer support specialists (N=15) from 3 different integrated mental health and substance use agencies. Audio recordings were transcribed. Data analysis included content analysis and thematic analysis.

RESULTS

We identified 90 final codes relating to 6 themes: (1) work role and boundaries, (2) hiring, (3) work-life balance, (4) work support, (5) challenges, and (6) identified training needs.

CONCLUSIONS

The shared values of experience-based co-design and peer support specialists eased facilitation between peer support specialists and nonpeer academic researchers, and indicated that this methodology is feasible for nonpeer academic researchers and peer support specialists alike. Participants expressed challenges with agency restrictions, achieving work-life balance, stigma, and low compensation. We present actionable items to address these challenges in integrated mental health and substance use systems to potentially offset workforce dissatisfaction and high turnover rates.
Maintain the Chili Colour of a Sea-food Dipping Sauce in Product Processing
Authors: Puminat W.
Published: November 2019

Products of sea-food dipping sauce were prepared by sugar, water, acid, salt with chili and herbs. In the experiments, products were prepared and designed on a factor model for the study on the program. They were designed as factorial 4×2×4 by management with RBCD on conditions model of blanching, heating and cooling for the study on chili colour. The results of the experiments performed on physicochemical properties of product such as Brix 50.0-66.9 pH 3.52-4.29, Aw 0.814-0.879, solid content 2.80-5.75 g/100g, chlorophyll a 0.20-1.66, chlorophyll b 1.38-4.13. Colour value of products was L*29.99-23.97, a*-2.56- -3.0 and b*8.28-1.21. The green value of products was preserved green colour for processing on blanching, short-time heating and all cooling. The color preservation of chili depended on the preparation process. Blanching and cooling supported to preserve the colour and decreasing of decay texture. Usage chemicals as Ca2+ and Mg2+ treatment.in processing of products were preserved a green colour more than no chemical treatment. Blanching, cooling and short time for cooking were product development in order to preserve the green colour. The stability of the color of product was improved by blanching and cooling including boiling with short time.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING, ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT, MEYNA SPINOSA FROM ASSAM
Authors: REKHA BORA  , SEEMA KHAKHALARY  , TAPAN DUTTA
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study qualitative phytoconstituents examine the total phenol, total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant efficiencies traditionally used plant, Meyna spinosa.

Methods: Chemical profiling, estimation of total phenolic content (TPC), TFC, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of M. spinosa have performed by applying standard protocols. Antioxidant activity of leaf and stem was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. TPC and TFC of the plant were assessed using Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminum colorimetric assay, respectively.

Results: The findings of the study exhibit that ethanol extract of M. spinosa is proved to be the presence of phytoconstituents (7/9) such as alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phytosterols, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, while carbohydrate, fixed oils, and fats are unavailable. In addition, phenolic compositions of ethanol extract of leaf and stem; 93.21±2.93 and 54.33±0.69 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, respectively; TFCs of leaf and stem have recorded as 61.55±1.21 and 37.55±1.28 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant efficiency of both leaf and stem is tested using DPPH radical scavenging assay as IC50 20.68±0.32 and 50.99±0.56 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion: From the above results, it has concluded that the ethanol extract of the M. spinosa leaves and stems seizes rich phytoconstituents which can be applied in food technology, drug industries, ethnopharmacological fields, etc., for the development of healthiness and to battle against negative health consequences.
COMPARISON OF EXTRACELLULAR SECRETION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR USING TORA AND PELB SIGNAL PEPTIDES IN ESCHERICHIA COLI BL21 (DE3)
Authors: RIMA MELATI  , ANNISA INDRIYANI  , SHABARNI GAFFAR  , SRIWIDODO  , IMAN PERMANA MAKSUM
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate two signal peptides (TorA and PelB), representing the most common secretion pathways in Escherichia coli, for their ability to secrete recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) protein in the extracellular expression.

Methods: E. coli BL21 (DE3) as the host cell to be transformed using recombinant plasmid pD881-TorA the consensus already containing hEGF gene and the signal peptide TorA or PelB, then expressed by L-rhamnose induction. rhEGF purified by heat treatment and ion-exchange chromatography. The hEGF protein was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ELISA.

Results: The result showed that PelB was secreting more hEGF protein compared to TorA with protein expression results of 48.2 μg/L and purification results of 0.360 μg/L, with a purity level of 83%.

Conclusion: The results of this study explain in extracellular expression of hEGF protein in E. coli, PelB helps hEGF protein secretion to culture media better than TorA.
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG PRESCRIBING PRACTICES OF DOCTORS AND COMPLETENESS OF PRESCRIPTION IN A GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE IN NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: KAMALDEEP SINGH  , GARIMA BHUTANI  , SEEMA RANI  , RAHUL SAINI  , ARVIND NARWAT
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the drug prescribing practices of doctors and completeness of prescriptions in a government medical college in Northern India.

Methods: A total of 2155 prescriptions were evaluated for adequacy of information related to prescribed drugs and completeness of information related to patients and doctors.

Results: The weight of the patient was written only in 1.90% prescriptions. The diagnosis was not written on 43.85% prescriptions. A total number of drugs prescribed in all the prescriptions was 6998. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.25±0.24. Out of these, 64.10% were prescribed by brand names. About 69.14% of drugs were prescribed in the form of tablets. Route of administration was not found to be mentioned for 86.08% drugs. For 53.90% drugs, dose was not mentioned. The name of the prescribing doctor was mentioned in 1.95% prescriptions only.

Conclusion: The study revealed that many prescriptions lacked crucial components of information pertaining to the drugs prescribed and the prescribing doctor. There is a vast scope for improvement by the prescribers.
TOPICAL SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES BASED GEL OF LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OIL FOR ANTI‑INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
Authors: PALLAVI M CHAUDHARI  , VAISHNAVI M BIND
Published: November 2019

Objective: The main objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate and perform an optimization study of lavender essential oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) based gel.

Materials and Methods: SLNs were prepared by the hot homogenization technique. A total of eight formulations were formulated as per 23 factorial design by design expert 11 software. The formulated SLNs were further evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug release profile. After evaluation, the optimized batch was further used for formulating gel. The formulated gel was further subjected to ex vivo studies.

Results: After the evaluation of all the parameters, batch 7 was found to be optimized. Batch 7 was found to have the lowest particle size of 30.91±0.30, higher entrapment efficiency of 89.99±0.87, and higher drug release of 90.41±0.55. It was further used for formulating gel which was found to be consistent, homogenous, smooth, and spreadable. The % inhibition of the formulated SLN based gel was found to be 28±0.1%.

Conclusion: The SLNs were prepared and were formulated into the gel. The gel showed anti-inflammatory activity.
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF POLYMERIC NANOSUSPENSION OF FLURBIPROFEN
Authors: PANKAJ JADHAV  , ADHIKRAO YADAV
Published: November 2019

Objective: At present, more than 40% of drugs are poorly water-soluble that leads to reduced bioavailability. The objective of the present investigation was to overcome the issue of poor aqueous solubility of drug; therefore, stable flurbiprofen (FBF) nanosuspensions were developed by nanoprecipitation method.

Materials and Methods: Based on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency, the polymeric system of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15 and poloxamer 188 was used effectively. The prepared formulations were evaluated for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, saturation solubility, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, dissolution profile, and stability.

Results: The resultant FBF nanosuspensions depicted particles in size range of 200–400 nm and were physically stable. After nanonization, the crystallinity of FBF was slightly reduced in the presence of excipients. The aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of all FBF nanosuspensions were significantly increased as compared with FBF powder.

Conclusion: This investigation demonstrated that nanoprecipitation is a promising method to develop stable polymeric nanosuspension of FBF with significant increase in its aqueous solubility.
Comparative and International Education/Éducation comparée et internationale
Authors: Larsen Marianne A. , Sperduti Vanessa R.
Published: November 2019

The first section of this article provides a brief history of Comparative and International Education (CIE), the official journal of the Comparative and International Education Society of Canada, over its almost 50-year history. The second section outlines general characteristics of the journal, including the role of the editors and editorial board, the bilingual nature of the journal, special issues, and book reviews. The article reviews the current general operations associated with the journal, providing details about financial aspects and changes in the production and dissemination processes as it moved from a print to an online format in 2012. Finally, the article recaps some challenges the journal has had and currently faces, as well as aspirations for the future. It demonstrates the resilience of the journal to adapt and notes the commitment of its champions, who have kept it going through challenging times.

Keywords  Journal publishing; Bilingual publishing; Editorial process; Knowledge dissemination; Comparative education; International education; Canada

Résumé

La première partie de ce document présente une brève histoire de la Éducation comparéeet internationale (ECI), la revue officielle de la Société canadienne d’éducation comparée et internationale (SCECI), au cours de ses presque 50 ans d’existence. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux caractéristiques générales de la revue, notamment le rôle des éditeurs et du comité de rédaction, son bilinguisme, ses numéros spéciaux ainsi que les critiques littéraires. Sont examinées les questions générales relatives à la revue en fournissant des éléments d’information sur les aspects financiers et sur les changements apportés aux processus de production et de diffusion de la revue, passée d’un format papier à un format consultable en ligne. Enfin, sont rappelés certains défis que la revue a dû relever et continue à ce jour de relever, ainsi que ses aspirations pour l’avenir. Cet article démontre la capacité d’adaption de la revue et souligne l’engagement de ses champions qui lui ont permis de se maintenir, même en des temps difficiles.

Mots clés  Publication de revues; Publication bilingue; Processus éditorial; Diffusion des connaissances; Éducation comparée; Éducation internationale; Canada
PHYTOCEMICALS SCREENING AND CELL CYCLE ARREST ACTIVITY OF n-HEXANE EXTRACT OF Vernonia amygdalina Delile LEAVES AGAINST PANCREATIC CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Fauzan M L , Hasibuan P A  Z , Harahap U
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aims to determined phytochemical compounds of simplex and n-hexane extract (nHE) of Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves and cell cycle arrest activity against PANC-1 cells.

Methods: The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Delile were dried and extracted with n-hexane, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. Phytochemicals screening were analyzed with standard procedures. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using MTT assay method. PANC-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of nHE (500 ug/mL, 250 ug/mL, 125 ug/mL, 61.5 ug/mL and 31.25 ug/mL) for 24 hours to obtained IC50 values. The cell cycle inhibition activity of nHE was carried out used flowcytometry method and apoptosis activity used double staining method.

Results: Then HE was identified contains steroids/triterpenoids. The IC50 was114.80 ± 1.21 ug/mL. The nHE inhibited cell cycle PANC-1 on M1 phase (67.39%) and it was induced apoptosis process on PANC-1 cells.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that extractsn­-hexane of Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves had as cancer chemoprevention activities with inhibits cell cycle and spur apoptosis process on PANC-1 cells.

 

Keywords:
Effect of Four Essential Oils on Cells Release Membrane and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Bacterial Isolated From Oral Infection
Authors: Ngongang Dimitri Tchami , Nyegue Ascension Maximilienne , Ndedi Del Florence Esther , Etoa Xavier François
Published: November 2019

Background: Bacterial biofilms forming are current resistant bacterial form to the treatment of oral diseases that colonizes in the gingival and sub-gingival regions of the mouth. The present study aims to screen the anti-biofilm potential and evaluate the effect of four essential oils on cells release membrane. Methods: Seven type isolate bacteria obtained during previous work were screen to select those who had ability to form biofilm using Congo Red Agar method, tube method and crystal violet method. The inhibitory parameter of biofilm forming was determine using microtiter plate method. The effect of essential oil on cell membrane release of each selected bacterial was put in evidence by measuring cellular material that absorb at 260 nm and 280 nm after 0 min, 30 min and 60 min of exposure and confirm by measuring DNA, RNA and proteins release by treated cells on extracellular medium using Nanodrop 1000 spectrophotometer. Results: The crystal violet method shows twelve (12) strong, five (05) moderate and five (05) weak biofilm forming bacteria. The anti-biofilm activity against the oral bacteria who shown that most of essentials oils have activity on different biofilm formation and the MICs ranged from 0.31 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. Concentration of intracellular material released in extracellular medium ranged from 186,56 ± 2,35 ng/µL to 766,6 ± 2,84 ng/µL for DNA, 158,06 ± 1,87 ng/µL to 628,53 ± 2,05 ng/µL for RNA and 695,9 ± 2,11ng/µL to 1125,23 ± 2,15 ng/µL for proteins. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the selected EOs have a significant anti-biofilm activity, acting on the cell surface and causing the disruption of the bacterial membrane. These EOs are interesting alternative to conventional antimicrobials for the control of oral microorganisms.

Keywords: Anti-biofilm activity, Biofilm, oral diseases
Anti-inflammatory and healing effect of leaf-flower mixture extract of Cytisus triflorus L
Authors: Madoui Soraya , Mokhnache Kamel , Khither Hanane , Aouchria Sana , Charef Noureddine
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study aims to study the anti-inflammatory and healing effects of the crude leaf and flower mixture extract of Cytisus triflorus L., known in Algeria as Igoulli.

Methodology and results: The method consists of studying the anti-inflammatory effect by measuring the diameter of edema of the paw of rats that received carrageenan. In addition, 2 cm diameter circular incision wounds were made in rats to evaluate the healing activity of the crude leaf and flower mixture extract of Cytisus triflorus L. at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory effect of C. triflorus showed that E.Br at the dose 400 mg has the higher activity, which induces a significant decrease in the thickness of the rat paw from the second hour, its effects being similar to those of Diclofenac. The percentages of inhibition of edema at 4 h and 6 h are 80.05 and 88.56% for E.Br and Diclofenac respectively. With respect to healing activity, the results show that after 18 days, complete healing was achieved with almost two concentrations of crude C. triflorus, tissue remodeling and reoccurrence of hair was observed at level of scars.

Conclusion: The results of the study show that the leaf extract and flower extract of Cytisus triflorus L. has healing and anti-inflammatory properties that could justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine against inflammatory diseases.

Keywords: Cytisus triflorus, anti-inflammatory, healing activity.
Evaluation of isoniazid-oxidative reactions in mice model
Authors: Mokhnache Kamel , Karbab Ahlem , Madoui Soraya , Khither Hanane , Soltani El-Khamsa , Charef Noureddine
Published: November 2019

In this study the anti-tubercular drug; isoniazid (INH) was investigated for their adverse effect; the oxidative stress. This effect was evaluated by using mice model, at the dose of 151 mg/kg.  We found that oxidative stress induced by INH is associated with lipid peroxidation expressed by the increase in the level of MDA from 76.9 ± 1.74 to 79.61 ± 2.67 nmol/g tissue. The oxidative stress of INH is accompanied by a decrease in reduced GSH level (from 79.9 ± 12 μmol / mg  to 68.48 ± 4.28 μmol / mg compared to of the control group). After treatment with INH at 151 mg/kg, a decrease in CAT activities occurred compared to control (2.53 ± 0.39 U/mg Pr vs 5.07 ± 0.73 U/mg Pr).

Keywords: isoniazid, oxidative stress, MDA, GSH, CAT