bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active site and structural analysis of sesquiterpene synthase towards synthesis of aromatic compounds related to agarwood formation in Aquilaria malaccensis
Authors: Aminan Aimi Wahidah , Hamid Azzmer Azzar Abdul , Tajuddin Saiful Nizam , Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila
Published: July 2022

Agarwood is a fragrant resinous wood that has been widely used in traditional medicines, incense and perfume. Formation of agarwood in branches and trunks of certain genera including Aquilaria and Gyrinops is due to activation of defence mechanism that causes by natural phenomena or microbial infection. The main fragrant compounds of agarwood are sesquiterpenes and phenylethyl chromone derivatives, and a great variety of sesquiterpenes are contained in high-quality agarwood. Their diverse cyclic and acyclic structures are known to be synthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by sesquiterpene synthase catalytic action. Mechanisms of reaction control and structures of sesquiterpene synthases from Aquilaria sp are studied by many groups trying to clarify the structure-function relationship in these enzymes, however the molecular recognition between the catalytic residues of sesquiterpene synthases with FPP producing the aroma compound remains unclear. In this study, sesquiterpene synthases isolated from Aquilaria malaccensis (AGS3) was predicted for its structure and docking simulation has been performed to determine the affinity of active site residues of sesquiterpene synthases towards FPP molecules. To reveal the unique catalytic mechanism of AGS3, the molecular docking of AGS3 was carried out in two different sites involving active site entrance for initial catalysis and within substrate cavity for final step. It was found that the aspartate and glutamate rich regions interacts with metal complexes at the entrance of active site and aromatic residues was subsequently interact with farnesyl chain of FPP within the substrate binding pocket while the diphosphate moiety of FPP (ppi) detached the substrate. This model will serve to be a framework for exploring the roles of active site residues of AGS3 to explore the enzyme function of sesquiterpene synthase producing aromatic compound sesquiterpene of agarwood in A. malaccensis.
Chromatic Polynomial of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs(IFGs) Using α-Levels
Authors: Hordofa Lateram Zawuga , Repa V.N.SrinivasaRao , Ashebo Mamo Abebe , T Nageswara Rao
Published: July 2022

Objective: In graph coloring, determining the chromatic polynomial is exactly finding the number of alternative solutions anywhere graph coloring is applied. In this article, We use α level to compute the chromatic polynomial of the Intuitionistic fuzzy graph. In addition, We convert (α,β) level to α level and define α level graph. Moreover, We compute the chromatic polynomial for the different α level graphs with illustrative examples.Results: (α,β)- level to α-level conversion method is developed, and based on that α level graph is defined. Besides, the different α level graphs are computed with illustrative examples. In addition, certain properties of α- level graphs and their chromatic polynomials are presented. Moreover, the chromatic number, the number of vertices, the number of edges, and the chromatic polynomial of the different α-level graphs are compared.Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 05C72, 05C31. Secondary: 03B20, 03E72.
Clinical profile, treatment, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses of pilocytic astrocytoma- an eight year study from a tertiary health care centre in North East India
Authors: Ahmed Shabnam Akhtar , Barua Navanil , Borah Nabajyoti , Haque Inamul , Barman Ananya , Dandapath Iman
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 glial tumor that is highly prevalent in children and young adults. The main aim of the study was to assess the frequency, clinicopathological features and treatment of PAs along with their immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. Methods: Approximately, 144 glial tumors were diagnosed in patients from 3 to 75 yrs of age from January 2015 to March 2022. The tumors were classified according to 2021 CNS WHO classification. Nine pediatric PA patients were identified and their clinical data analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular analysis using the real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed for the PAs. Standard deviations were calculated using the Microsoft excel for statistical validations. Results: The mean age of the glioma patients was 41.7 yrs ± 18.2 with a male/female ratio of 1.3:1. The most common form of glial tumor was found to be astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 2 (31.9 %). Other frequently occurring tumors were astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 3 (29.2 %), astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 4 (13.9 %), diffuse astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 2 (7.4 %), PA CNS WHO grade 1 (6.9 %), and oligodendroglioma CNS WHO grade 3 (4.2 %). The pediatric PA cohort had a mean age of 9.2 yrs ± 4.9 with a male/female ratio of 2:1. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive immunostaining and retention of transcriptional regulator ATRX expression was seen in all the tested PAs. None of the PAs showed isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), MIB1, and tumor protein p53 expression. The KIAA1459-BRAF fusion was detected in four PAs. Surgical intervention with total or radical tumor excision was performed for the PA patients. Most PA patients exhibited improved condition post-surgery. Conclusion: With the advent of healthcare and newer diagnostic facilities there is increased incidence of glial tumors in developing countries. Combination of histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis is very important for the diagnosis, accurate treatment, and prognosis of PA patients.
Asellus aquaticus removal of unfertilized fish eggs and possible use in aquaculture as a biological control organism
Authors: Kucska Balázs , Ngọc Quyến Nguyễn , Havasi Máté , Staszny Ádám , Ivánovics Bence , Vranovics Károly , Griffitts Jeffrey Daniel , Urbányi Béla , Müller Tamás
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present experimental study was to better understand the foraging behavior of Asellus aquaticus. Different numbers of A. aquaticus were introduced into different experimental setups of unfertilised eggs, viable eggs, hatched larvae of Danio rerio. The number and time of A. aquaticus significantly affected the ratio of consumed non-fertilised eggs in each experimental cycle (MANOVA, p<0.05). A. aquaticus belongs to the aquatic saprophytes and no predatory behavior was observed during the experiments. They were able to distinguish between the dead eggs and those containing living embryos. Additionally, zebrafish larvae were not harmed by the A. aquaticus, even when there was not an alternative food source. The results help to understand the potential sanitary role of these crustaceans in natural waters and provide new insight into their possible application as a biological control organism in aquaculture hatcheries. Finally, our results indicate that there is a potential for A. aquaticus application against pathogens by reducing bacterial and fungal growth substrates.
Effect of religious service attendance on mortality and hospitalisations among Danish men and women: longitudinal findings from REGLINK-SHAREDK
Authors: Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel , Möller Sören , Hvidt Niels Christian , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Stripp Tobias Kvist
Published: July 2022

Background: Research suggests a protective effect of religious service attendance on various health outcomes. However, most research has been done in religious societies, raising the question of whether these associations are also prominent in secular cultures. Here we examine mortality and hospitalisations by religious service attendance among men and women in a secular society. Methods: We performed a cohort study including 2987 Danes aged 40+ interviewed in SHARE from 2004-2007, whom we followed up in the Danish registries until 2018. We used Cox regressions and negative binomial regressions to examine associations, including interactions with sex and adjusting for age, wave, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and history of diseases. Results: Overall, 5.0% of men and 6.6% of women reported that they took part in a religious organisation within the last month. Among 848 deaths, we found lower overall mortality for people who attended religious services (hazard ratio (HR) 0.70; 95% CI 0.50-0.99). There was evidence for association among women (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.35-0.89), but not among men (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.59-1.53). In contrast, regarding hospital admissions (n = 12,010), we found lower hospitalisation rates among men who attended religious services (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.67; 95% CI 0.45-0.98), whereas no association was found among women (IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70-1.29). Sensitivity analyses with e-values were moderately robust.Conclusions: Our results contribute to the limited literature on possible health benefits of religious service attendance in secular societies, demonstrating lower mortality among women and fewer hospitalisations among men.
Hybrid prediction modeling for residual stress profile induced by multi-axis milling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy combined finite element with experiment
Authors: Wang Zongyuan , Zhou Jinhua , Ren Junxue , Shu Ailing
Published: July 2022

Complex curved thin-walled structures, mainly using multi-axis milling, are highly susceptible to deformation induced by residual stress. It is therefore that there is a considerable amount of researches on developing predictive models for machining-induced residual stress. However, these developed models for residual stress prediction mainly focus on turning and three-axis milling. For multi-axis milling, a hybrid model combining experimental results and finite element(FE) model is established to predict the residual stress profile of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy in the current study. Based on the experimental and simulated results, the residual stress profile is fitted by the hyperbolic tangent function using the firefly algorithm (FA). Good fitting accuracy is obtained, which the R2 values change from 85.3–99.1% in the σx direction and change from 80.7–98.1% in the σy direction. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used to establish the relationship between the coefficients of hyperbolic tangent model and the milling parameters. The prediction accuracy is verified to achieve 92.7% and 91.4% in the σx and σy directions, respectively. The effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and inclination angle on surface residual stress and influence depth are investigated. The results show that there is a strong nonlinear relationship between the surface residual stress and milling parameters. The proposed hybrid prediction model of residual stress can be used for further machining optimization of complex curved thin-walled structures.
Simulating Large PEPs Tensor Networks on Small Quantum Devices
Authors: MacCormack Ian , Galda Alexey , Lyon Adam
Published: July 2022

We systematically map low-bond-dimension PEPs tensor networks to quantum circuits. By measuring and reusing qubits, we demonstrate that a simulation of an N x M square-lattice PEPs network, for arbitrary M, of bond dimension 2 can be performed using N + 2 qubits. We employ this approach to calculate the values of a long-range loop observable in the topological Wen plaquette model by mapping a 3 x 3 PEPs tensor network to a 5-qubit quantum circuit and executing it on the Honeywell System Model H1-1 trapped-ion device. We find that, for this system size, the noisy observable values are sufficient for observing the phase transition from topological to trivial order, as the Wen model is perturbed by a magnetic field term in the Hamiltonian. Our results serve as a proof-of-concept of the utility of the measure-and-reuse approach for simulating large two-dimensional quantum systems on small quantum devices.
Electric-Inductive-Interdigital Capacitor Array MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Isolation by Metamaterial for Wi-Fi 5 & 6E Applications
Authors: Kanakavalli Harshasri , R Pandeeswari
Published: July 2022

In this paper, two-port Electric-Inductive-Interdigital Capacitor (ELIDC) metamaterial Array Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna is designed with enhanced gain, bandwidth, and isolation for frequency bands 5.125GHz – 5.825GHz and 5.925GHz-7.125GHz for the Wi-Fi 5 and 6E applications. The proposed MIMO antenna comprises corporate fed ELIDC metamaterial arrays, which are fed in two opposite directions. The ground plane consists of a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for enhancement of bandwidth. A novel four split-ring resonator (SRR) array is embedded between two radiating elements of the DGS ground plane to increase the isolation. To validate the blocking of electromagnetic propagation between antenna elements, negative permeability in the desired frequency is extracted using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method. The isolation is enhanced to -30dB by incorporating the SRR array. The proposed ELIDC array MIMO antenna is fabricated and measured S parameters, gain and radiation pattern are giving good consistency between simulated results. The Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) of the diversity performance show that the proposed ELIDC array MIMO antenna can be used in MIMO Tx/Rx systems.
Irrigation Water Management in A Water-Scarce Environment in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Gabr Mohamed ELsayed , Awad Ahmed , Farres Hesham N.
Published: July 2022

In this study, in the context of climate change simulation models were employed to compute the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) and design a new sprinkler irrigation system for two arid sites (Siwa Oasis and West Elminya fields) inside the 1.5-million acres reclamation project in the Egyptian western desert. The CROPWAT 8 model was used to compute NIWR and the irrigation schedule for the main crops wheat, barley, maize, sugar beet, potato, tomato, and date palm, five scenarios were employed the current (1991-2022) scenario, representative concentration path (RCP) 8.5 greenhouse gas emission for the 2040s, 2060s, 2080s, and 2100s scenarios, corresponding to 1.6, 2.1, 3.3, and 4.4 oC expansion with respect to the current baseline 1991-2022. The WaterGEMS model was utilized to run long-term simulations of hydraulic behavior within pressurized pipe networks to irrigate 43 acres using deep groundwater well. ETo values for the current scenario show 4.56 and 5.7 mm for the Siwa Oasis and West Elminya fields respectively. The climate changes cause an increase of the ETo by 4.6, 5.9, 9.4, and 12.7% for RCP: 8.5 greenhouse gas emissions for the 2040s, 2060s, 2080s, and 2100s scenarios respectively for the Siwa Oasis field. On the other hand, an increased ratio for the ETo by 4.2, 5.4, 8.6, and 11.6% for the West Elminya field respectively. The designed sprinkler system indicated a capacity of 111.4 m3 h-1 and 167 m3 h-1 for Siwa and West Elminya fields, respectively. The study suggests the application of modern irrigation systems and crop patterns for wheat, barley, potato, and sugar beet to save irrigation water.
Differentially expressed circRNA and mRNA profiles of neural stem cells with radiation treatment
Authors: Hong Jiacong , Wang Shan , Cai Zhaopeng , Wang Peng , Xie Zhongyu , Chen Keng
Published: July 2022

Background: Spine metastasis is common but highly problematic in clinical oncology practice. Radiotherapy plays an important role in treatment of spine metastasis but damages nervous tissue, especially neural stem cells (NSCs), and leads to radiation-induced myelopathy. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA that responds to external stimuli and regulates cellular functions. However, the mechanism by which radiotherapy affects NSCs and the role of circRNAs in this process are still unclear.Methods: circRNAs and mRNAs in NSCs treated with or without radiation were detected using next-generation sequencing. RT-PCR assays were performed to confirm the sequencing results and differentially expressed circRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify the critical circRNAs and mRNAs, as well as the enriched functions and pathways. Moreover, a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to investigate the possible regulatory mechanism.Results: A total of 421 differentially expressed circRNAs and 1602 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in NSCs after radiotherapy. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the differentially expressed mRNAs and of the host genes of the differentially expressed circRNAs were performed, and several key signaling pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, were identified. Moreover, a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network focusing on the MAPK signaling pathway was constructed and predicted that chr5:127160496|127165240 could be a critical circRNA in the mechanism underlying the response of NSCs to radiation treatment.Conclusion: Our findings reveal the differentially expressed circRNA and mRNA profiles of NSCs after radiotherapy and suggest that circRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of radiation-induced myelopathy.Trial registration: N/A
Major venous repair or reconstruction during laparoscopic pancreatic surgery：a single center’s experience
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhou Xinhua , Wang Haibiao , Ying Dongjian , Chen Baiwen , Mao Haixiang , Li Hong
Published: July 2022

Background In pancreatic cancer surgery, tumor violation of blood vessels is often considered a contraindication of surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery. We had completed 17 cases of major venous repair or reconstruction during laparoscopic pancreatic surgery, and we considered that this surgical method was safe and feasible based on the skilled laparoscopic techniques.Methods Between January 2014 and March 2022. A prospective cohort of 17 patients underwent major venous repair or reconstruction. Among them, 15 cases underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD), 1 case underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and 1 case underwent laparoscopic central pancreatectomy (LCP). In all cases the pancreatic tumor invaded either portal veins (PV) or superior mesenteric veins (SMV). 13 cases underwent laparoscopic venous resection and reconstruction and 4 cases underwent venous repair.Results Of 17 patients, 10 (58.8%) were male. The mean age was 67.1 (ranged 57-81). All patients successfully completed the operation without transit to open. The average blocking time of venous resection and reconstruction was 30.1 (ranged 15-41) min and the average time of venous wedge resection and stitching was 24.0 (ranged 18-30) min. After surgery, there were no complications such as portal vein stenosis, bleeding, thrombosis and liver failure. 13 patients died within 2 years because of the tumor recurrence, and 4 patients are currently followed by outpatient visits, with no obvious signs of tumor recurrence.Conclusion Studies have shown that the reconstruction or repair of the major veins under laparoscopic surgery was safe and effective. We recommended that surgeons need to have the basics of open surgery in case laparoscopic surgery cannot be continued, and have proficient laparoscopic surgery techniques combined with extensive training to achieve a learning curve for vascular anastomosis.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals biosynthetic genes and transcription factors related to leaf anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aglaonema commutatum
Authors: Li Ji , Wu Kunlin , Li Lin , Ma Guohua , Fang Lin , Zeng Songjun
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds: Aglaonema commutatum ‘Red Valentine’, as an excellent foliage ornamental plant, is widely used in interior and exterior decoration because of its easy cultivation and management. However, reducing proportions of red color foliage during large-scale production of A. commutatum seedlings is of frequent occurence, which has considerable implications on the ornamental and market value of the plant, and the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear. Results: To explore the molecular basis leading to the variation in leaf color in A. commutatum ‘Red Valentine’, transcriptome sequencing were performed based on the Illumina platform in two different varieties at three leaf developmental stages. We annotated 63621 unigenes and 14186 differentially expressed genes by pairwise comparison. Further, twenty-six anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes were identified, the PKM values were significantly higher in ‘Red Valentine’ than those in the green mutant at the three stages examined, which is consistent with the high anthocyanin content of‘Red Valentine’ leaves. Positive transcription factors that may involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis were detected by BLAST tool and correlation analysis and a downregulation of these TFs may downregulate the expression of anthocyanin genes. Full-length cDNA of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation genes was obtained and phylogenetic trees were performed to ensure the accuracy of the analysis. Conclusion: Our study provide an insight into the further understanding of leaf variation and facilitate the breeding of ornamental cultivars with high-anthocyanins levels in A. commutatum ‘Red Valentine’.
Readiness for hospital discharge after a cesarean section and associated factors among Chinese mothers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: XIA Mei-ling , LIN Wen-xuan , GAO Ling-ling , ZHANG Mao-ling , LI Zhi-yun , ZENG Li-ling
Published: July 2022

Background: Cesarean section increases the risk of adverse physical and psychological conditions in mothers and infants. It is important to comprehensively evaluate the readiness for hospital discharge of mothers and identify the limitations of their preparation.Methods: This study enrolled 357 mothers who underwent cesarean section. The data were collected from September 2020 to March 2021 using a face-to-face survey. We evaluated demographic and obstetric factors, readiness for hospital discharge, quality for discharge teaching, social support, family function, and parenting sense of competence. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify independent characteristics that influence bedtime procrastination among junior college nursing students. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify independent characteristics that influence readiness for hospital discharge among mothers.Results: The total score of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-New Mother Form was 136.69 ± 25.25. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the quality of discharge teaching and parenting sense of competence, number of cesareans, family function, the status of the pregnant women school attendance, and intraoperative pain degree were independent factors influencing the readiness for hospital discharge (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The readiness for hospital discharge of mothers with cesarean section was in the middle level. Improving quality of discharge teaching, parenting sense of competence, and family function will help improve the readiness for hospital discharge of mothers with cesarean section.Relevance to Clinical Practice: Mothers with cesarean section and their families face postpartum difficulties after discharge. Prenatal empowerment and postpartum care can better improve maternal and child health.Patient or Public Contribution: Mothers with cesarean section completed the validated questionnaires in this study. Obstetricians gave exact diagnostic criteria for postpartum complications. Nurses actively cooperated in the process of data collection, and gave professional views on the interpretation of research results.
Early-to-mid idiopathic Parkinson’s disease shows a more cytotoxic but declined CD8-regulatory peripheral immune profile
Authors: Capelle Christophe , Cire Séverine , Hansen Maxime , Pavelka Lukas , Hedin Fanny , Konstantinou Maria , Revets Dominique , Tslaf Vera , Marques Taina , Baron Alexandre , Domingues Olivia , Zeng Ni , May Patrick , Cosma Antonio , Balling Rudi , Krüger Rejko , Ollert Markus , Hefeng Feng
Published: July 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Brain neuroinflammation plays a role in PD pathogenesis. However, the involvement of the peripheral immune system has not been systematically investigated. Here we analyzed >700 combinatorial immunological features in fresh blood of 28 early-to-mid-stage PD patients and 24 matched controls. We found an enhanced cytotoxic immune profile in idiopathic PD patients (iPD), with a higher frequency of terminally-differentiated effector CD8 T (TEMRA), late-differentiated CD8+ natural killer T cells and neutrophils. This immune profile was intensified by elevated serum granzyme A, reduced percentages of CD8+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells with immunosuppressive or tolerance-inducing functions. The frequency of CD8 TEMRA was negatively correlated with disease duration, suggesting a contribution to PD pathogenesis. Our work provides a comprehensive map on disturbed peripheral adaptive and innate immune cells in early-to-mid iPD, proposing easily-accessible candidates for early diagnosis and treatments.
Copper selects for siderophore-mediated virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lear Luke , Hesse Elze , Buckling Angus , Vos Michiel
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIron is essential for almost all bacterial pathogens and consequently it is actively withheld by their hosts. However, the production of extracellular siderophores enables iron sequestration by pathogens, increasing their virulence. Another function of siderophores is extracellular detoxification of non-ferrous metals. Here, we experimentally link the detoxification and virulence roles of siderophores by testing whether the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays greater virulence after exposure to copper. To do this, we incubated P. aeruginosa under different environmentally relevant copper regimes for either two or twelve days. Subsequent growth in a copper-free environment removed phenotypic effects, before we quantified pyoverdine production (the primary siderophore produced by P. aeruginosa), and virulence using the Galleria mellonella infection model. ResultsCopper selected for increased pyoverdine production, which was positively correlated with virulence. This effect increased with time, such that populations incubated with high copper for twelve days were the most virulent. Replication of the experiment with a non-pyoverdine producing strain of P. aeruginosa demonstrated that pyoverdine production was largely responsible for the change in virulence. ConclusionsWe here show a direct link between metal stress and bacterial virulence, highlighting another dimension of the detrimental effects of metal pollution on human health.
Generation and identification of a wheat–Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. 3P chromosome addition line and substitution line
Authors: Kuang Ziyuan , Ji Xiajie , Xu Shirui , Han Haiming , Zhang Jinpeng , Zhou Shenghui , Yang Xinming , Li Xiuquan , Li Lihui , Liu Weihua
Published: July 2022

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n=4x=28, PPPP), which is a wild relative of common wheat and has a P genome, has many excellent characteristics (for example, it is disease resistant, is stress resistant and is high yielding) and has important utilization value for the genetic improvement of wheat. In this study, the wheat– A. cristatum 3P addition line I-27 and 3P(3B) substitution line I-15 were identified for the first time via in situ hybridization (ISH) and specific molecular marker (EST-STS) from wheat– A. cristatum -derived lines, which laid an representing important material for the utilization of excellent genes from A. cristatum chromosome 3P for wheat genetic improvement. In terms of agronomic traits, that the tiller number and spike length of 3P addition line I-27 were significantly higher than those of Fukuhokomugi. The spike length and spikelet number per spike of 3P substitution line I-15 were significantly greater than those of Fukuho. Additionally, wheat– A. cristatum 3P substitution line I-15 was resistant to wheat leaf rust. The generation of the 3P addition line I-27 and 3P substitution line I-15 was essential for the transfer of the excellent genes of the A. cristatum 3P chromosome into common wheat and resulted in the wheat– A. cristatum addition line containing a complete set of genetic research materials, laying a foundation for comparative studies of the P genome and subsequent fine mapping.
Effect of different injury morphology of the endplate on intervertebral disc degeneration ： Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Qiuyu , Han Yaozheng , Huang Liangliang , Guo Zhongyi , Su Lintao , Ma Jun , Kang Hui
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To describe a simplified classification scheme for endplate injury morphology based on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and to examine possible associations between endplate injury morphology and vertebral space and other variables such as Type of fracture and disc degeneration in a group of patients with thoracolumbar fractures. Methods: CT and MRI images of 432 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures were collected and collated. All injury endplates were classified as “mild injury”, “moderate injury” and “severe injury”. The association between the injury morphology of the endplate and the long-term transition outcome of the patients was demonstrated in the studied population. Results: Most moderate injuries to the endplate (fissure-type injury) (77.8%) and severe injuries (irregular depression-type injury, schmorl's node-type injury) (95.3%) resulted in significant disc degeneration in the distant future (p < 0.001). They also showed significant differences in the height of the anterior margin of the injured spine (p < 0.05) and the intervertebral space height index (p < 0.05). The consistency of observers in the present study was expressed as Kappa ≈ 0.84, Preop (ICC,0.855 to 0.988), Postop (ICC,0.822 to 0.981) and F/U (ICC,0.870 to 0.990). Conclusions: The current study shows that although the area of injury of endplate fissure-type injury is small preoperatively, can cause severe degeneration of the disc in long-term transition, resulting in greater impact of the intervertebral space height and angle.
Short Bowel Syndrome Following Resection of Gangrenous Bowel due to Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Lessons Learnt in a Resource-Poor Setting
Authors: Maduranga Priyantha , Karunathilake Parackrama , Udayakumara EAD , Maduwantha Prabath , Gunarathne Malinga
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is an intestinal failure resulting from an inadequate length of the intestine following intestinal resection, which can occur due to other causes such as vascular diseases, neoplasms, or inflammatory bowel disease. Short bowel syndrome following intestinal resection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a therapeutic challenge, given that immunosuppressive therapy, wound healing, nutritional optimization, and other potential complications are taken into consideration.
Case Presentation
A 23-year-old male diagnosed with SLE presented with acute onset severe diffuse abdominal pain for a sixteen-hour duration associated with vomiting who was tachycardic on admission, and the pulse volume was low. He was septic with uncompensated metabolic acidosis with a lactate level of 5.5 mmol/L. The abdomen was distended and had diffuse tenderness with guarding and rigidity, and the bowel sounds were not heard. A lateral decubitus ultrasound scan revealed free air in the abdomen, and the abdominal X-ray showed distended small bowel loops. Given the working diagnosis of bowel obstruction, an exploratory midline laparotomy was done, revealing a small gangrenous bowel. The superior mesenteric artery was resected during the procedure, where thrombosis was observed. The necrosed bowel segment was resected, and the patient had short bowel syndrome. After about one week of in-hospital stay, the patient developed left side acute lower limb ischemia. The lower limb CT-angiogram revealed that the left common femoral artery embolus and the left lower limb muscles were not viable in all three compartments of the left lower limb. The decision was made for an above-knee amputation. The patient was nutritionally optimized with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which was later converted to peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN), and an oral diet was gradually started. The electrolytes were continuously monitored and corrected. At the time of writing this report, the patient is still managed inward for three months with PPN and supportive care and planned to insert a peripherally inserted central catheter for continuous PPN after discharge.
Conclusion
SLE can be a cause of SBS secondary to bowel gangrene by thromboembolism, and in the case of SLE patients undergoing bowel resection causing SBS is a challenging but feasible situation in terms of medical management, where all the complications should be identified early and managed till the patient achieves a good gut adaptation.
Free posterior tibial artery perforator flapin head and neck reconstruction after tumor expiration
Authors: LI BaoFei , Shi Yi , Deng Di , Xu Feng , Chen Fei
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomical features, clinical applications, and complications of the free posterior tibial flap in head and neck reconstruction.Methods： Patients treated with free posterior tibial artery perforator flap in head and neck surgery were retrospectively viewed. Results： A total of 55 patients underwent reconstruction with a free posterior tibial artery perforator flap. Most of the patients had carcinoma of pharynx, trachea, oral and maxillofacial region. The flap dimension ranged from 7.5 cm2 to 108 cm2. The mean thickness of the flap was 1cm. The average length of the vascular pedicle is about 10 cm. Functional recovery of reconstruction area was studied 5~100 months after surgery. The flap survival rate was 98.1%. Specifically speaking, 3 patients developed Partial flap loss and 1 patient developed Total flap loss. Regarding ablative site complications, 6 patients developed wound infection, 2 of them, and another 2 patients developed pharyngeal fistula in the ablative area. Regarding donor site complications, 7 patients developed delayed wound healing and 5 patients developed skin graft necrosis. None of the patients complained of walking difficulty in daily life.Conclusion: Free posterior tibial artery perforator flap as a relatively novel flap, with stable blood supply, thin thickness, flexible cortex, long vascular pedicle, and concealed donor area, is very suitable for head and neck reconstruction. Though PTAFs harvest will produce a minor donor site morbidity which could be solved mostly by conservative treatment, we think PTAFs will become one of the popular techniques for reconstruction of head and neck soft tissue defects.
Patch Repair for Intestinal Perforation Closure in an Ex-Vivo Porcine Model with Burst Pressure Characterization
Authors: Hojati Ashkhan , Policarpio Joseph , Yerrabelli Rahul S. , Wheeler Matthew B. , Rowitz Blair
Published: July 2022

Objective: We assessed the feasibility of closing small intestine perforations with a mesh patch instead of sutures only. Methods: Nine porcine ex vivo small intestine specimens were incised 0.5 cm to simulate bowel perforations. Control group perforations were sutured closed without mesh. The two experimental groups were closed by mesh sewn to the outside (first group) or inside (second group) of the bowel wall. Each specimen was submerged in normal saline and insufflated until air bubbles leaked from the perforation. That insufflation pressure was recorded as the burst pressure. Results: The control group burst at 78.0±17.9 mmHg. The “patch outside” group burst at 54.7±9.1 mmHg. The “patch inside” group burst at 32.0 ±4.6 mmHg. Only the “patch inside” group had statistically significant inferiority, but both groups trended towards inferiority. Discussion: Preliminary research indicates that patch repair of intestinal perforations is likely inferior to sutures alone, although repair with the patch outside the bowel wall cannot be completely excluded because of the high variability of the data. Further research may try alternate patch types or different variations to find a non-inferior closure method. A sample size of n=9 each would give 80% power to detect a minimal detectable difference of 20 mmHg.
Experience-dependent phosphoproteomic changes in hippocampus and neocortex correlate with the abundance of spindle oscillations during the transition between SWS and REM sleep
Authors: Souza Annie C. , Golbert Daiane C. F. , Cassoli Juliana S. , Sánchez-Gendriz Ignacio , Lima Vinícius V. F. , Cini Felipe A. , Martins-de-Souza Daniel , Ribeiro Sidarta
Published: July 2022

The role of sleep on memory consolidation is thought to involve experience-dependent changes in spindle oscillations and protein phosphorylation, but how these phenomena are related remains poorly understood. To gain insight into this relationship, we used electrophysiological recordings and quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis to assess spindle oscillations and phosphoprotein levels in the hippocampus (HP) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of adult male rats recorded across the sleep cycle. Animals were surgically implanted with multielectrode probes and after recovery were exposed or unexposed to novel objects (+ and – groups, respectively). HP and S1 samples were obtained after periods rich in either slow-wave sleep (SWS) or rapid-eye-movement sleep. Bottom-up shotgun mass spectrometry in a two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry setup (MSE mode with label-free quantification) showed that the proteomes differed in the numbers of phosphoproteins identified by phosphoryl modification STY tags, with a total of 337 validated phosphoproteins identified in S1 and 198 in the HP. A comparison of the phosphoproteomic profiles of the treatments and regions (SWS+ versus SWS-, REM+ versus REM-, REM+ versus SWS+ and REM- versus SWS-), using clustering analysis of the significantly identified phosphoproteins, found that 51 phosphoproteins from S1 were sufficient to separate the four experimental conditions, while 37 phosphoproteins from the HP could only partially separate the groups. Fold change analysis identified 90 significantly modulated phosphoproteins related to synaptic function, actin-microtubule regulation, DNA-RNA binding, proteases-phosphatases-kinases and other regulatory functions, including CaMKII and MAPK. In both the HP and S1, nearly one third of the clustering-relevant phosphoproteins had levels significantly correlated with the abundance of spindle oscillations pooled across the transition from SWS to REM. In S1, phosphorylated Reelin was upregulated during REM compared to SWS, in proportion to the number of spindle oscillations during the transition from SWS to REM. In the HP, a voltage-gated calcium channel subunit (Cacna2d1) was down-regulated during SWS+ compared to REM+, in proportion to spindle counts. Since spindles facilitate calcium entry through the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels, Cacna2d1 down-regulation may lead to a hippocampus-specific, REM-dependent downregulation of synaptic plasticity after exposure to novel objects. The results point to major experience-dependent differences between HP and S1 in phosphoproteomic regulation across the sleep cycle, with potential implications for memory corticalization.
Association of sublingual microcirculation parameters and capillary refill time in the early phase of ICU admission
Authors: Huang Weipeng , Xiang Hui , Hu Chang , Wu Tong , Zhang Dandan , Ma Siqing , Hu Bo , Li Jianguo
Published: July 2022

Background: Recent studies demonstrate the advantage of peripheral perfusion-targeted resuscitation protocols based on capillary refill time (CRT) assessment in critically ill patients. Additionally, sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging could direct visualize sublingual microcirculation of critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine the association between the sublingual microcirculation and CRT in critically ill patients in the early phase of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods: This prospective, observational, pilot study included 282 patients in the ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between October 2021 and January 2022. All patients underwent simultaneous measurements by CRT and SDF imaging within 24 hours of ICU admission. Additionally, other clinical data such as demographic variables, hemodynamics, laboratory values, treatment, and physiological parameters were also included. The primary outcome was the association between CRT and simultaneous sublingual microcirculation parameters in critically ill patients.Results: Of the 282 included patients, 106 (37.6%) were female, the median (IQR) age was 63 (53-74) years, and the median (IQR) SOFA score was 5 (2-7). Microcirculatory measurements (CRT and SDF imaging) were performed at 10.2 ± 5.7 hours after ICU admission. Significant relationships were observed between the CRT and MFI (r = -0.4430, p < 0.001), PPV (r = -0.3708, p < 0.001), PVD (r = -0.1835, p = 0.0020), and HI (r = 0.4378, p < 0.001). Neither TVD (p = 0.9641) nor De Backer score (p = 0.5202) were related to the CRT. Compare to CRT< 3s group, MFI (2.60 vs. 2.88, p < 0.001), PPV (91.35% vs. 99.10%, p < 0.001), PVD (13.36 mm/mm2 vs. 14.55 mm/mm2, p = 0.002), and HI (0.46 vs. 0.15, p < 0.001) were significantly worse in the CRT ≥ 3s group. The similar results were also found in the sepsis subgroup and the hyperlactatemia subgroup. Prolonged CRT was an independent predictor of 28-days mortality (OR = 1.296; (95%CI, 1.078-1.558); p = 0.006).Conclusions: Our findings suggested that there was a significant and moderate association between CRT and some sublingual microcirculation parameters more related to perfusion (MFI, PPV, and HI) in heterogeneous ICU patients at the early phase of admission.Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered on November 7, 2021, ChiCTR2100052999.
Neural replicators analysis of human papillomaviruses
Authors: Ezhov Alexandr Alexandrovich
Published: July 2022

An analysis of complete human papillomavirus genomes using neural replicators is presented. When studying the shape of replicator tables, which reflect the ability of neural networks of different sizes to generate self-reproducing descendants, as well as the structures of the patterns transmitted by them, it was found that this information reliably distinguishes between two subgenera of human papillomaviruses of the genus Alpha, where one subgenus consists of Alpha-2 and Alpha-4 species belonging to warts, and the second subgenus, other species related to diseases of the mucosa, in particular, to cervical cancer. The genera Beta and Gamma are also reliably distinguished from the genus Alpha, in particular, by a different form of transmitted patterns. More interestingly, the genus Nu seems to be a good fit as a type of subgenus containing both Alpha-2 and Alpha-4 species, a fact that has not previously been revealed by conventional analysis based on DNA sequence alignment and genome similarity assessment. In addition, analysis of the patterns transmitted by the replicator network clearly distinguishes porcupine sigma papillomavirus EdPV1 from human Nu, as well as from any other human papillomavirus, which calls into question the well-known argument for horizontal gene transfer between humans and other types of papillomavirus hosts.
Immunohistochemical analysis of the ligamentum mucosum is the key to understand its clinical usefulness
Authors: Gonera Bartosz , Wysiadecki Grzegorz , Kurtys Konrad , Brzeziński Piotr , Borowski Andrzej , Olewnik Łukasz
Published: July 2022

Background: Ligamentum Mucosum(LM) is a ligamentous structure within the synovial layer of the knee joint capsule. For a long time LM was perceived as the vestigial remnant from the embryological development of the knee. Being treated as an irrelevant structure LM is often the first victim of shaver during arthroscopy. However, last years have shown increased interest in this structure due to its potentially significant clinical role. Our aim is to classify LM based on its morphological characteristics and examine its microanatomy to reveal the potential clinical value for surgeons.Hypothesis/Purpose: Our purpose was to reveal the clinical significance of LM based on immunohistochemical analysis.Methods: Sixteen fresh frozen lower limbs, 6 females (mean age 83.1 ± 3.4 years) and 10 males (mean age 84.2 ± 6.8 years) were examined. Classical histological H+E stain was routinely conducted. Subsequently, CD31 antibody (DAKO, Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human, Clone JC70A) was used to mark vascular epithelium. Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human Neurofilament Protein (NFP) antibody (DAKO, Clone 2F11) was used to expose the nerves.Results: The dissection process has revealed that LM was present only in 75% of cases. Histological examination confirmed the presence of longitudinal collagen fiber bundles in all samples. Tiny nerves were confirmed by NFP, along the subsynovial layer in all samples. CD-31 immunostain revealed the presence of many vascular vessels along the entire ligament, especially well developed at its distal end.Conclusion: Our study has revealed that LM contains rich vascular network. Thus, it may be a donor for the revascularization process after ACL tear or reconstruction which may improve the recovery. Another great advantage of the LM is the presence of nerves along the subsynovial layer, hopefully they may serve as the source of reinnervation and hence better clinical outcome Clinical Relevance: Based on our results we believe that seemingly irrelevant LM may be very useful during surgical procedures in the knee region. Suturing LM to the ACL may not only prevent the infrapatellar fat pad from subluxation but also improve the blood flow and reinnervation of the injured ACL.