bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Micronutrients (Magnesium and Iron) in Periodontitis Patients with and without Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yalamanchili Pallavi Samatha , Elisetti Nirupa , Kesipeddy Janaki , A Bilwa Bindu , Vegunta Bhagyasree
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The focus of this study was to assess the relationship of nutrients (magnesium, iron) in periodontitis and diabetic patients. Serum magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) levels were evaluated in periodontitis patients and were compared between diabetic patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. METHODS Total sixty subjects (18 females and 42 males) were recruited in this cross-sectional study and were divided into three groups - Group I (healthy subjects), Group II (chronic generalized periodontitis), Group III (Type II diabetes mellitus and chronic generalized periodontitis). Loe and Silness gingival index and probing pocket depth were used for categorizing chronic generalized periodontitis patients. Serum levels of magnesium and iron were estimated and then compared among the groups. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newmann-Keuls multiple post-hoc procedures. Statistical significance was accepted for P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Mean serum levels of magnesium (Mg) were 0.89 in Group 3 (Type II DM + CGP), 1.01 in Group 2 (CGP) against 1.52 in Group 1 (Control), which were statistically significant. Mean Iron (Fe) levels showed 165.56 in Group 3 (Type II DM + CGP), 137.77 in Group 2 (CGP) against 78.17 (Control) which is also statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found statistically significant decrease in magnesium and increase in serum iron levels in Group 3 (Type II DM + CGP) compared to Group 2 (CGP) and healthy controls. These findings suggest that trace elements also play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. KEY WORDS Chronic Periodontitis, Diabetes Mellitus, Iron, Magnesium
Enhanced Antibacterial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Mediated Grape Seed Extract on Oral Pathogens - Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
Authors: G Ramya , Rajasekar Arvina
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans is the primary pathogen responsible for initiating dental caries and decay. Lactobacilli present in caries lesions is a major contributor to caries progression. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been found to have a large spectrum of activity against microorganisms. The grape seed extract has been shown to have inhibitory effects against several clinically important microbes. This study was conducted to assess the enhanced antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles mediated grape seed extract against oral pathogens, S. mutans and lactobacillus. METHODS This experimental study was done by preparing the grape seed extract, synthesising titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, preparing the nanoparticles powder, and then evaluating the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against lactobacillus species and Streptococcus mutans. RESULTS The peak found in the spectroscopy indicates the formation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition for antibiotics enhanced with 50 μl, 100 μl, 150 μl of grape seed mediated TiO2 nanoparticles were 16 mm, 18 mm and 19 mm in Streptococcus mutans. In lactobacillus species the zone of inhibition for standard antibiotics enhanced with 50 μl, 100 μl, 150 μl of grape seed mediated TiO2 nanoparticles remained constant at 35 mm. CONCLUSIONS The titanium dioxide nanoparticle mediated grape-seed extract showed excellent antimicrobial activity against lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. This proves that in future it can be used for treating these bacterial infections in the oral cavity after further in vivo studies. KEY WORDS Nanotechnology, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, Grape Seed Extract, Lactobacillus, Enhanced Antibacterial, S. mutans
Comparative Study of Coagulation Profile in Benign and Malignant Neoplasms in Bhopal, India
Authors: Choudhary Rajni , Jathapi Seema , R. K. Nigam , Malik Reeni , Meena Ravi Kumar
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Thrombosis is a well-recognized and common complication in patients with malignant disease and can contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. We wanted to compare the coagulation parameters in benign and malignant neoplasms. METHODS A comparative study was done and a total of 230 cases (75 benign and 155 malignant) and 120 controls were evaluated. After processing the blood samples, various tests like complete blood count, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrin degradation product (FDP), and D-Dimer were done. RESULTS Significant differences were noted in the coagulation parameters of both the groups. Malignant cases show abnormal coagulation parameters as compared to control group. Mean platelet count - control - 250 +/- 61, cases - 375 +/- 100, mean PT – control - 14.1 +/- 6 s, cases - 15.2 +/- 1.2 s, mean APTT- control - 29.5 +/- 1.3 s, cases - 34.8 +/- 2.5 s. CONCLUSIONS Cancer is associated with a high risk of thrombotic complications. Altered coagulation parameters significantly correlate with malignant nature of tumour and also their spread. Preventing this complication is clinically relevant because it significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in these patients. KEY WORDS Coagulation, Neoplasm, FDP, D-Dimer, Thrombosis
Do Audio-Visual Aids Help in Improving Oral Hygiene in Orthodontic Patients?
Authors: Prasad Arya S. , Sivakumar Arvind
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Oral hygiene maintenance is a crucial factor for successful orthodontic therapy. Oral hygiene compliance is a must to maintain better oral hygiene and plaque control in orthodontic patients. To get good oral hygiene compliance the information has to reach the patients in a proper way. The purpose of this study was to determine whether audio - visual aids help in improving oral hygiene status in orthodontic patients. METHODS A prospective randomized control trial study was done on 30 subjects, who underwent fixed orthodontic appliances selected from the out-patient department of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, (SIMATs), Chennai. They were divided randomly into two groups based on a computer - generated randomization chart: group 1 – experimental group (audio - visual aids group), group 2 – control group (verbal instruction) respectively. Group 1 subjects received oral hygiene instruction through videotape instructions and group 2 received verbal and written instructions. RESULTS The results were assessed with respect to plaque index scores of both groups. A parametric intragroup comparison (paired ‘t’ test) was done to compare the before and after plaque score of each group and student independent sample ‘t’ test to compare both groups. The plaque score for the verbal group was found to be 0.666 + / - 0.417 and for the audio - visual group it was 1.211 + / - 0.261. A statistically significant P - value (< 0.05) was found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients who were given instructions through audio - visual aids had better improvement in plaque scores than patients who were given instructions verbally. KEY WORDS Audio - Visual Aids, Dental Plaque Index, Oral Hygiene, Oral Hygiene Index, Orthodontic Appliance
Knowledge about Occupational Therapy among People in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Meny Areej Habib , Hayat Aalia Akhtar , Ul Ain Qurrat , Abu Tariah Hashem Salman , Almarhoon Ahmed Jawad , Eldigire Mohamed Hamid Ahmed , Ahmed Salman
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The public awareness about occupational therapy and its role is not much studied in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study intended to provide baseline data about existing knowledge, as well as to identify the knowledge gaps in specific domains of knowledge which could help in designing precise and targeted strategies to increase awareness about the occupational therapy (OT) services, their role, and scope among the masses. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people of Saudi Arabia (SA) to explore the degree of knowledge they had about occupational therapy services. A developed and validated online structured questionnaire was used to collect data from people across all the five regions through social media channels. RESULTS The total number of participants was 4,440. Females represented 56.8 %, (N = 2520) of the sample, where 43.2 % (N=1920) were males. Majority of the respondents were Saudi 88.6 % (N = 3936), married 58.1 % (N = 2579), held higher educational degrees 71.4 % (N = 3172) and employed 59.9 % (N = 2469). Most of the participants were in the age range of 20 - 30 years 47.4 % (N = 2104). The overall mean score was 9.82 / 21 (SD ± 7.105) and 46.76 %, implying that the general public had poor knowledge about OT and its applications. One-way analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in knowledge among different regions of SA (P- value = < 0.05). Regionwise the highest mean score knowledge was in the Southern region (10.54), whereas Najran had the highest score (14.22) in city-wise analysis. Higher knowledge was associated with a younger age range (10.84) and level of education (median score 13). On comparing the mean score amongst the four domains of OT knowledge, the highest mean score (1.70, SD ± 1.348) was regarding OT goals, whereas the lowest (1.64, SD ± 1.658) was in the OT treatment methods. CONCLUSIONS The Saudi masses may not fully understand the specific services that an occupational therapist may provide. They had poor knowledge about OT roles and implications. Degree of knowledge was significantly affected by the level of education and younger age. KEY WORDS Occupational Therapy, Knowledge, Saudi Arabia, Attitude, Rehabilitation
High Cervical Partial Posterior Cord Cleft in a Case of Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Authors: Arora Anshul , Ahluwalia Kunal Singh , Mittal Puneet , Sharma Dhaarna
Published: June 2021

Posterior high cervical spinal cord cleft has been rarely reported in association with Klippel - Feil syndrome (KFS). Its presence may have prognostic value in long term neurological outcome. If there is segmentation anomaly of two or more vertebrae during embryonic life mainly involving the cervical vertebrae, it can result in Klippel - Feil syndrome. It is a rare anomaly and is present with the incidence of 1 : 42000 births.1 During 2nd to 8th week of embryonic life, the segmentation of the mesodermal somites of the spine in the cervical region fails and leads to cervical spine synostosis which is also known as KFS. Although most commonly the KFS patients present with the symptoms of short length of the neck, hairline posteriorly is low and the mobility in the upper part of the spine is restricted. It is also sometimes associated with other congenital anomalies like Sprengel’s deformity, hemivertebra, basilar impression, cleft palate, and many more rare anomalies.2 Most commonly the patients having this syndrome show restriction of the motion in the neck region.3
Long Term Stability of Skeletal Class II Treatment with Modified Bionator Followed by Fixed Appliance - A Case Report
Authors: Joshi Harshil Naresh , Soni Jay , Goje Santosh Kumar , Patel Arth , Mann Shireen , Kaur Rupandeep
Published: June 2021

The most prevalent malocclusion seen in day-to-day practice is Class II division 1 malocclusion. Most patients with malocclusions in class II division 1 have an underlying skeletal difference between the maxilla and the mandible. The treatment of skeletal class II division 1 depends on the patient's age, the ability of growth potential, the seriousness of malocclusion, and the patient's adherence to treatment. Myofunctional equipment can be successfully used to treat rising patients with deficient mandible class II division 1 malocclusion. This case report shows a focus on Class II Division 1 care due to mandibular deficiency using modified bionator appliances accompanied by fixed mechanotherapy with growth modification approach. Class II Division 1 is one of the most widely encountered form of malocclusion in human populations. The common characteristic of Class II Div 1 malocclusion in growing children is mandibular retrusion, according to Dr. James McNamara.1 The prevalence of Skeletal Class II malocclusion is 15 % of the world's total population. Underlying difference between Maxillary & Mandibular jaw makes the Class II Div 1 malocclusion more complex than it appears. It’s due to a contribution of only maxilla, or only mandible, or a combination of both. The treatment of Class II division 1 relies on the patient's age, growth ability, degree of malocclusion, and patient compliance with therapy.1,2 The cases with retrognathic mandible must be addressed by altering the direction & amount of mandibular growth by using functional appliances.3 The Bionator is a tooth-borne appliance that significantly changes dental and skeletal component of the face through a repositioning of mandible in a more protrusive & balanced way, selective eruption of teeth and profile enhancement.4-7 The Balters Bionator was first introduced in 1960 by Wilhelm Balters as a functional appliance & still one of the most widely used removable appliances for correction of mandibular retrognathism.8 In functional orthopaedics, all aspects of genetically determined individual growth patterns are important, most particularly time, potential, and growth direction. Although during the prepubertal phase there is limited skeletal development, substantial growth occurs during puberty, but with great individual variation. To prevent damage to erupting teeth and to normalize jaw growth, early functional orthopaedic intervention in the prepubertal phase is used.9,10,11 The purpose of this case report is to illustrate how satisfactory results were obtained in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion with modified Bionator in young patients. The positive facial, dental and cephalometric improvements are also illustrated, with the aid of proper diagnosis, amplified by excellent patient cooperation in case selection.
Mental Nerve Schwannoma - A Rare Cause of Lower Jaw Swelling
Authors: Rajendran Geetha , Ragupathy Karthik , Pasupathy Sanjay , Ramakrishnan Ganesh , Shriranjani Kiruthika
Published: June 2021

Schwannomas are relatively rare benign neoplasms of neurogenic origin from the neural sheath of peripheral nerves occurring more commonly in the head and neck. Mandibular bone is the commonest site of occurrence of these nerve lesions. Radiographically, intraosseous schwannoma of mandible is very difficult to differentiate from other bony pathologies such as neurofibroma, ameloblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, myxoma, central giant cell lesion, or periapical lesion, so it should be included in the differential diagnosis of lower jaw swelling. Schwannoma as a pathologic entity was first reported in 1910 by Verocay. Schwannoma (also known as neurinoma, neurolemmoma, neurilemmoma, perineural fibroblastoma, and peripheral nerve sheath tumour) is a rare, slowgrowing, benign neurogenic neoplasm that originated from Schwann cells. Schwann cells cover myelinated sheath of nerve fibres.1 These intraosseous schwannomas account for not more than 1 % of the central neoplasms. More than one third of all schwannomas are found in the head and neck region. 2 Most of these originate from the lower cranial nerve and sympathetic nervous system. Schwannomas from the upper cranial nerves such as trigeminal nerve and its branches are less common. Other commonly reported sites include the vertebra, clavicle, ribs, sacrum, humerus, ulna radius, etc. This painless slow-growing neoplasm may develop at any age.
Granulomatous Mastitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Presenting as Breast Lumps - A Case Report
Authors: Butola Lata Kanyal , Dhok Archana , Gusain Neelam , Vagga Anjali , Kanyal Deepika
Published: June 2021

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) of the breast is a rare inflammatory disease. We report a case of a 56 years old woman presenting with breast lump associated with history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition that induces inflammation, stiffness, rigidity, and lack of mobility in the joints and affects the peripheral joint synovial membrane, 1 which affects approximately 1 - 2 % of the world’s population with an annual incidence rate between 0.5 % and 1 %.2 Rheumatoid arthritis is an important cause of granulomatous mastitis. GM is an inflammatory disease in which granulomas form in breast tissue. It strikes mostly young to middle-aged women with painful and firm breast masses.3
A Non-Sinus Forming Mandibular Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis with a Submandibular Gland Swelling - A Case Mimicking a Periapical Infection
Authors: Nagendra Reddy Suma Gundareddy , Ravina Ravina , Jingade Krishnojirao Dayashankara Rao , Mandal Debdip
Published: June 2021

Involvement of the submandibular gland in actinomycotic osteomyelitis in the absence of sinus is rare. Cervicofacial form is characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative osteomyelitic & granulomatous inflammation of the mandible and formation of multiple abscesses and hallmark discharging sinuses draining serosanguinous fluid containing sulphur granules. As the imaging finding of this entity is rarely described, in this case report, a rare case of mandibular actinomycotic osteomyelitis, with a submandibular swelling, but without draining sinus is reported. The imaging findings of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) & ultrasonography (US) of the case are discussed with a review. In subacute stage, mandibular actinomycosis may show no hallmark sinuses. Sclerotic margins around the lesion may be found on radiograph. Imaging is useful in ruling out clinical diagnostic challenge when it includes involvement of mandible & submandibular region. Cervicofacial actinomycosis commonly occurs as perimandibular infection, rarely as osteomyelitis of the mandible.1 It may present as two distinct morphological patterns; first, "lumpy jaw," and second, simulating an acute pyogenic infection affecting the submandibular area, discharging sinus being a hallmark finding.1 Other variant reported include chronic osteitis, osteolytic lesion, hard nodule on the tongue, lockjaw, periapical, or paradental abscess. Diagnosis of cases presenting in multiple areas in the absence of multiple discharging sinuses is a challenge.2 Usefulness the imaging findings are rarely enumerated. This report is of a twin presentation of a non - sinus forming actinomycotic mandibular osteomyelitis and a submandibular swelling, along with a review of various diagnostic imaging features.
The housing crisis in Australia and New Zealand: A comparative analysis through policy lenses
Authors:   College of Engineering Construction and Living Sciences, Otago Polytechnic, New Zealand, Samarasinghe Don Amila Sajeevan
Published: June 2021

Housing affordability is a prominent issue across the world. There is a growing concern that the number of people experiencing homelessness is rapidly increasing. As a solution, many countries, including Australia and New Zealand, have introduced housing policies aimed at providing affordable houses to low-to-medium income families. Over recent years, several affordable housing policies have been introduced in both Australia and New Zealand, including public housing initiatives, rental subsidies, accommodation supplements, state housing programmes and the provision of social housing. New Zealand launched the KiwiBuild programme in 2018 to increase housing affordability. Unfortunately, in 2019, KiwiBuild was unable to deliver its targeted primary objectives set by the Government. This study features a comparative analysis, primarily focusing on comparing and contrasting affordable housing policies in Australia and New Zealand. Subsequently, it discusses the reasons why the KiwiBuild programme failed. It makes recommendations based on policies used in Australia with a view to improving affordable housing policies in New Zealand. This research contributes and adds to the existing body of knowledge about affordable housing policies in both Australia and New Zealand. The recommendations will be helpful for future researchers who wish to develop workable policies to assist with affordable housing-related issues in New Zealand.
Comparison of the favorable gain values of genetic improvement among Indonesian grade cow breeds selected for agrotechnopark intensification
Authors: Paputungan U. , Hendrik M. J. , Siswosubroto S. E.
Published: June 2021

This research was aimed to compare the small and big truncation point proportions intended to evaluate gain values of genetic improvement for Indonesian Local cow breed groups selected for Agrotechnopark (integrated bio-cycle farming system) intensification. Animal live weights were collected from 674 Indonesian grade breed cows kept by local household farmers in North Sulawesi province. Data of cows were corrected by adjusting to six years old ages. All cows were divided into three breed groups with different genetic compositions of Bali breed cow generation (BG) of 207 cows, Ongole grade cow generation (OG) of 189 cows, and Local grade cow generation (LG) of 178 cows. The genetic improvements of BG, OG and LG were analyzed involving selection intensity (i), accuracy of selection (r), and standard deviation (SD) of breed group traits under selection. Results of this study showed that the critical components was genetic development of local grade breeds by choosing small proportion of 10% truncation point for Agrotechnopark intensification of selected elite cows groups among BG, OG and LG populations with the positive live weight gains of 58.6 kg, 23.15 kg, and 28.62 kg per generation, respectively compared with larger percentages of 20% and 30% proportions of truncation points.
Association of Liver X Receptor Alpha (LXRα) gene related to characteristic of carcass, meat quality and fatty acid composition in ducks
Authors: Gunawan A. , Azmi N. , Anggraeni A.
Published: June 2021

Liver X Receptor Alpha (LXRα) is a nuclear receptor that play a crucial role in regulating of gene involvedin lipid metabolism. The aim of this research was to identify polymorphisms and association of LXRα gene with charateristic of carcass, meat quality and fatty acid composition in ducks using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A total sample of 98 Cihateup ducks consisted of 57 females and 41 males with age 12 weeks were used in this study. Product size is 661 bp amplicons. The genotype genes frequencies in CC, GC and GG were 0.21, 0.55 and 0.23 respectively. The chi-square test revealed that LXRα gene (g.3575 C>G) in exon 2 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A SNP of LXRα gene in region g.3575 C>G was significantly associated (P<0.05) with duck meat quality and fatty acid content. Several parameters have significant affect (P <0. 05) on meat quality in the breast meat weight, carcass percentage and head percentage, while associated fatty acids were saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as palimitic acid (C16:0); γ-and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as linolenic acid (C18:3n3); cis 11 eicosenoic acid (C20:1) and 11.14 cis-eicosedenoic acid (C20:2). In could be concluded that LXRα gene might be useful as genetic markers to select and produce meat with desirable unsaturated fatty acids.
Appropriate growth models to describe early growth of Kejobong goat based on Growth Hormone (GH) gene sequence analysis
Authors: Sutopo S. , Lestari D. A. , Oikawa T. , Konno T. , Purbowati E. , Setiaji A. , Kurnianto E.
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this study were to reveal appropriate growth models describing early growth of Kejobong goat based on Growth Hormone (GH) gene sequence analysis. A total of 35 DNA samples and 1.960 records of quantitative traits of Kejobong goat were collected. The exon 3 of GH gene was amplified and was sequenced to determine the SNP. Body weight and body measurements of the goats were taken at 0-14 weeks of age. Four non-linear growth models were applied for analysis of growth to compare growth performance of different genotypes by Non-Linear Mixed Model. A non-synonymous mutation (g1170AG) genotyped into GG, AG and AA was significantly associated with growth traits. Animals with heterozygous genotype AG showed higher growth traits than animals with homozygous genotype AA. Nonetheless, animals with homozygous genotype GG had the same growth traits with those animals with heterozygous genotype AG and homozygous genotype AA. The most fitted model for describing body weight was Von Bertalanffy model, while for describing wither height and hip height was Brody model. SNP at exon 3 of the GH gene can be used as genetic marker for improvement of growth traits of Kejobong goats.
The effects of dextrin concentration as filler on physical, chemical, and microbiology properties of powdered goat milk kefir
Authors: Rizqiati H. , Nurwantoro N. , Susanti S. , Prayoga M. I. Y.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research was to study the effects of dextrin powder with a different concentration on the physical, chemical, and microbiology properties of the product. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, namely the addition of dextrin filler with a concentration of 0% (T0), 2,5% (T1), 5% (T2), 7,5% (T3), and 10% (T4) (w/v). The quality of powdered goat milk kefir that is analyzed are physical, chemical, and microbiology properties. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 application using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The test results show a significant difference in dextrin concentration (P<0.05) on solubility, total acid content, yield, water content, protein content, pH, total dissolved solids, carbohydrate, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and microbe content of the product and shows no significant difference on the viscosity of the product. It can be concluded that the addition of dextrin can increase the yield, solubility, total dissolved solids, water content, carbohydrate, total microbe, lactic acid bacteria, and microbe but also decreased the pH value and the protein content, with the best treatment was the addition of dextrin of 10%.
The growth and production of antimicrobial compounds from Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 on cheese whey medium
Authors: Mutmainna A. , Arief I. I. , Budiman C.
Published: June 2021

Plantaricin IIA-1A5 is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 which is isolated from Indonesian beef, and it inhibits activity of Gram negative and positive pathogenic bacteria. However, preparation of the antibacterial agent for further applications or studies is costly due to the usage of a bacterial medium. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the feasibility of cheese whey as a growth medium for production of the bacteriocin. The growth curve of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 in producing antimicrobial compounds was found to occur in the logarithmic phase with an incubation time of 28 and 32 hours. Purification of plantaricin IIA-1A5 produced peptides with a molecular weight of 9.59 kDa consisting of whey and whey+ (20g/L sucrose, 12.5 g/L tryptone and 7.5 g/L yeast extract); thus, the peptide was grouped as class IIa (<10 kDa) bacteriocin. The protein concentration of plantaricin IIA-1A5 with whey+ (sucrose, tryptone, and yeast extract) treatment and whey treatment was 1883.17 mg/ml and lower than 325.58 mg/ml, respectively. Based on the antimicrobial activity test using a paper disc method, plantaricin IIA-1A5 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923; the whey and whey+ treatment yielded 38.02 IU/dL and 321 IU/dL, respectively, while antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 using whey and whey+ treatment yielded 44.85 IU/dL and 172.08 IU/dL, respectively. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial properties of plantaricin IIA-1A5 in the whey medium is proven through the results of this study. In short, the whey is appropriate growth medium for bacteriocin production.
mtDNA D-loop sequence analysis of Kalang, Krayan, and Thale Noi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Indonesia and Thailand reveal genetic diversity
Authors: Suhardi S. , Summpunn P. , Wuthisuthimethavee S.
Published: June 2021

Kalang (KBuf), Krayan (KrBuf), and Thale Noi buffaloes (TBuf) are swamp buffalo genetic resources in Indonesia and Thailand. The maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), particularly D-loop region is an important material for phylogenetic inference and analyzing genetic diversity. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate genetic diversity and to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree within buffalo breeds in Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Phatthalung, Thailand using mtDNA D-loop sequences. A total of one hundred forty buffaloes (70 males and 70 females) were observed including 40 buffaloes from North (NK), 40 from East (EK), and 40 from South Kalimantan (SK) provinces Indonesia and 20 from Phatthalung (PT) province, Thailand. DNA samples were isolated from buffalo tail hairs. DNA sequences were manually assembled using BioEdit program with consideration of gaps and ambiguous sequences. The phylogenetic tree of buffalo was generated by PHYLIP software. The observed variables included haplotype diversity, genetic distance, and genetic tree. The 956 bp of amplified mtDNA D-loop fragment presented a total of 24 haplotypes with several mutations that included transitions (293), transversions (60), deletions (15), and insertions (20). The neighbor-joining tree using the Kimura 2 parameter model demonstrated two local buffalo clusters among buffalo from Kalimantan and Thailand with four buffalo relationship patterns observed from buffaloes in Kalimantan Island (KBuf and KrBuf), Indonesia. The Results of the present study demonstrated that the buffaloes sequence analysis revealed relatively high diversity and is a good basis to perform selection and modern buffalo breeding development.
AHİ ZİHNİYETİ-BURJUVA ZİHNİYETİ İKİLEMİ BAĞLAMINDA AHMET TABAKOĞLU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DİNÇASLAN Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Ahilik, Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde toplumsal, iktisadî ve idarî düzenin başlıca aktörlerinden birisi olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Ahi zihniyeti, İslâm ilkeleri ve Türk kültürü ile yoğrularak şekillenmiş ve kendine özgü bir girişimci tipolojisi oluşturmuştur. Diğer taraftan burjuvazi, içinden çıktığı Avrupa’nın sosyal, siyasal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapısı ile karşılıklı etkileşim içerisinde bulunmuştur. Burjuvazi, Batı orijinli birçok yazar tarafından, Avrupa’daki sosyoekonomik gelişmenin itici gücü olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle, Osmanlı Devleti’nin modernleşme çabalarında bir milli burjuvazi oluşumu hedeflenmiş, fakat maddî ve kültürel unsurların etkisiyle bu hedef tasarlandığı gibi vücut bulamamıştır. Ahmet Tabakoğlu, ahi zihniyetinin varlığını/etkisini söz konusu uyuşmazlığın sebeplerinden birisi olarak görmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı Tabakoğlu’nun yaklaşımını esas alarak ahi zihniyeti – burjuva zihniyeti ikilemini analiz etmektir. Tabakoğlu’nun bu konudaki yazılarını temel kısıt alarak yola çıkan çalışma neticesinde, ahi zihniyetinin insan odaklı yapısı ile yenilikçi ve dinamik karakterle sivrilen burjuva zihniyeti sentezinin muhtemel faydalarına dikkat çekilmiştir.
Application of stoichiometric hydrogen atoms for balancing organic combustion reactions
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana
Published: June 2021

Combustion is a common redox reaction, and organic combustion is one of the basic contents in chemistry curriculum. The transferred H-atom is commonly used as a redox indicator in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Nevertheless, the relationship between the number of transferred H-atoms and the number of transferred electrons has not been fully revealed. Oxidation number (ON) is an electron-counting concept. Without knowing the ONs, the number of transferred electrons cannot be counted and therefore, the redox reactions cannot be classified, defined, and balanced. This paper explores the new H-atom method for counting the number of transferred H-atoms. It provides a half-reaction approach to balance the overall organic combustion reactions. Only simple arithmetic procedures are needed to determine the number of transferred H-atoms and consequently the number of transferred electrons. According to this method, the mathematical formulas for assigning the number of transferred H-atoms can be deducted by balancing the general chemical formulas of organic compounds in half and overall organic combustions. Furthermore, the number of transferred electrons and their stoichiometric categories can be determined conveniently by any given organic chemical formula in organic combustion reactions.
Alberto Blest Gana: Four Chronicles and a Novel
Authors: Hosiasson Laura Janina
Published: June 2021

Four chronicles written by Alberto Blest Gana between April and May 1862 in the newspaper La voz de Chile, months before the publication of his novel Mariluán, shed light on the close relationship between his production as chronicler and writer. Among the various faits divers discussed in the columns, the issue of a Mapuche delegation’s arrival in Santiago to hold a parlamento with the government about border disputes arises. The oscillating attitude of the chronicler in the face of otherness and his prejudiced comments, which are at the same time full of doubts and perplexities, serve as an incentive for his composing a utopian fiction. This article aims to examine the connections in the relationship between Blest Gana chronicler and novelist to expand the reading possibilities of Mariluán.
Synthesis and biological characterization of a new fluorescent probe for vesicular trafficking based on polyazamacrocycle derivative
Authors: Canonico Barbara , Giorgi Luca , Nasoni Maria Gemma , Montanari Mariele , Ambrosi Gianluca , Formica Mauro , Ciacci Caterina , Ambrogini Patrizia , Papa Stefano , Fusi Vieri , Luchetti Francesca
Published: June 2021

The fluorescent probes represent an important tool in the biological study, in fact characterization of cellular structures and organelles are an important tool-target for understanding the mechanisms regulating most biological processes. Recently, a series of polyamino-macrocycles based on 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane was synthesized, bearing one or two NBD units (AJ2NBD·4HCl) useful as sensors for metal cations and halides able to target and to detect apolar environment, as lipid membranes. In this paper, we firstly illustrate the chemical synthesis of the AJ2NBD probe, its electronic absorption spectra and its behavior regarding pH of the environment. Lack of any cellular toxicity and an efficient labelling on fresh, living cells was demonstrated, allowing the use of AJ2NBD in biological studies. In particular, this green fluorescent probe may represent a potential dye for the compartments involved in the endosomal/autophagic pathway. This research’s field should benefit from the use of AJ2NBD as a vesicular tracer, however, to ensure the precise nature of vesicles/vacuoles traced by this new probe, other more specific tests are needed.
Interaction solutions of a variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with self-consistent sources
Authors: Yuan Na , Liu Jian-Guo , Seadawy Aly R. , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: June 2021

Under investigation is a generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with self-consistent sources. Our main job is divided into four parts: (i) lump wave solution, (ii) interaction solutions between lump and solitary wave, (iii) breather wave solution and (iv) interaction solutions between lump and periodic wave. Furthermore, the interaction phenomenon of waves is shown in some 3D- and contour plots.
Global exponential stability of periodic solution of delayed discontinuous Cohen–Grossberg neural networks and its applications
Authors: Chai Yiyuan , Feng Jiqiang , Qin Sitian , Pan Xinyu
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the existence and global exponential stability of the periodic solution of delayed Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs) with discontinuous activation functions. The activations considered herein are non-decreasing but not required to be Lipschitz or continuous. Based on differential inclusion theory, Lyapunov functional theory and Leary–Schauder alternative theorem, some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the existence and global exponential stability of the periodic solution. In order to show the superiority of the obtained results, an application and some detailed comparisons between some existing related results and our results are presented. Finally, some numerical examples are also illustrated.
A class of computationally efficient Newton-like methods with frozen inverse operator for nonlinear systems
Authors: Sharma Janak Raj , Kumar Sunil
Published: June 2021

We propose a class of Newton-like methods with increasing convergence order for approximating the solutions of systems of nonlinear equations. Novelty of the methods is that in each step the order of convergence is increased by an amount of three at the cost of only one additional function evaluation. Another important feature is the single use of an inverse operator in each iteration, which makes the schemes attractive and computationally more efficient. Theoretical results regarding convergence and computational efficiency are verified through numerical examples including those arising from boundary value problems and integral equations. By way of comparison, it is shown that the present methods are more efficient than their existing counterparts, particularly when applied to solve the large systems of equations.
Communication and language skills pay off, but not everybody needs them
Authors: Balcar Jiří , Dokoupilová Lucie
Published: June 2021

The importance of communication skills is increasing on the labour market and a further strengthening of this trend is expected due to Industry 4.0. This development will have significant consequences for individuals’ employability, requirements on educational outcomes and gender equality. This article employs data from a representative survey of Czech employees (N = 1,500) replenished with information on requirements on their communication skills (Effective communication, Czech language and English language) in order to explore (a) the distribution of communication skills requirements on the labour market, (b) personal and job characteristics related to work positions requiring highly developed communication skills, and (c) wage returns to these skills. The results show that one standard deviation increase in job requirements on communication skills is connected with 5.8% wage premium. However, not everybody needs well-developed communication skills. Only a quarter of employees needs highly developed effective communication, Czech and English languages, while there is also a quarter of employees that needs only a very basic level of communication skills. The results also revealed that females perform more communication-intensive occupations than males do. Cognitive skills and the need to excel represent other significant factors correlated with higher job requirements on communication skills.
Language ideologies and self-Orientalism: representing English in China Daily travelogues
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao
Published: June 2021

While there is plenty of scholarship on the spread and study of English in China, scarce attention has been paid to representations of English in tourism discourses about China. This article aims to explore language ideologies undergirding representations of English language use in 253 travelogues from China Daily published since 2000. Findings show that most prominently in China Daily “standard” English was represented as a lingua franca for travel in China, a language of prestige, and a means of Othering. Some places are demarcated from others due to the lack of English-language services. Chinese people’s way of using English was reduced to Chinglish, a pejorative term indicating inappropriate or incorrect usage of English. Chinese use of English was thus ridiculed as an inferior Other. This critical discourse analysis of tourism discourses about China emanating from within the country demonstrates one facet of Orientalism – self-orientalism. CD’s self-orientalist strategies were embedded in oppositional East-West ideologies that set an inferior China against a superior West.
ROF systems performance efficiency based on continuous phase frequency shift keying phase modulation scheme
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Abd El-Aziz Ismail A. , Asaduzzaman Sayed , Rehana Hasin , Ali Mohammed Ibrahim Abd El-Naser , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Published: June 2021

Radio over fiber (ROF) technique has been presented with hybrid ordinary modulation technology to achieve improvement in optical communication network performance. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed in single mode (SM) optical channel in order to enhance the transmission environment with dispersion compensation. The continuous phase frequency shift keying phase modulation (CPFSKPM) technique is included in this study. Both previous and proposed models have been inspected and investigated. Min. bit error rate (BER), max. Q factor, signal/noise ratio (SNR), received power (RP), and noise figure (NF) are the most essential parameters able to explain the behavior performance of optical communication network model.
Temporal variation in the diet of the endemic and threatened rodent Kerodon rupestris in the semiarid area of Brazil
Authors: Conceição Anderson Mendonça , Bocchiglieri Adriana
Published: June 2021

We investigated the diet and trophic niche of Kerodon rupestris in Northeastern Brazil for 12 months. The influence of precipitation was evaluated by simple logistic regression. This rodent consumed 23 plant species, mainly the leaves, resulting a low niche breadth. This species presented a greater consumption of leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha, influenced by low rainfall, and fallen flowers of Cenostigma pyramidale, influenced by high precipitation. This rodent showed plasticity in its diet and used different plant resources that provided its survival in semiarid.
Prey-predator model in drainage system with migration and harvesting
Authors: Roy Banani , Roy Sankar Kumar
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider a prey-predator model with a reserve region of predator where generalist predator cannot enter. Based on the intake capacity of food and other factors, we introduce the predator population which consumes the prey population with Holling type-II functional response; and generalist predator population consumes the predator population with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. The density-dependent mortality rate for prey and generalist predator are considered. The equilibria of proposed system are determined. Local stability for the system are discussed. The environmental carrying capacity is considered as a bifurcation parameter to evaluate Hopf bifurcation in the neighbourhood at an interior equilibrium point. Here the fishing effort is used as a control parameter to harvest the generalist predator population of the system. With the help of this control parameter, a dynamic framework is developed to investigate the optimal utilization of resources, sustainability properties of the stock and the resource rent. Finally, we present a numerical simulation to verify the analytical results, and the system is analyzed through graphical illustrations. The main findings with future research directions are described at last.
Knowledge negotiation and interactional power: epistemic stances in Arabic–Swedish antenatal care consultations
Authors: Ericsson Stina , Bitar Dima , Milani Tommaso
Published: June 2021

This article concerns knowledge negotiations as an aspect of interactional power in three-way interaction between Arabic-speaking women, Swedish-speaking midwives and interpreters in Swedish antenatal care. The notion of epistemic stance is used to investigate how all three participants negotiate knowledge, and how this affects the ongoing consultation. The data consist of audio recordings of 33 consultations, involving five midwives. Using an interaction analytical approach, the study focuses on sequences where the pregnant woman makes her voice heard, possibly challenging the midwife or the Swedish antenatal care programme. Three different ways in which the epistemic stances of the participants unfold interactionally are analysed: (1) the midwife and the pregnant woman mutually adjusting their knowledge claims, (2) the pregnant woman unsuccessfully attempting to claim knowledge and (3) participants jointly asserting the midwife’s knowledge. Importantly, all three participants wield their interactional power through various ways of negotiating knowledge, which contrasts with the idea of the interpreter as fully neutral and detached. The knowledge claims of the pregnant women and the midwives in the data are also shown to be highly dependent on the interpreters’ competence and performance.
Effects of nightlife noise in a city center
Authors: Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia , Lombardi Ilaria
Published: June 2021

The term Movida takes its name from the evening and night life of the city for their liveliness and animation. During the Movida, noise is one of the problems in the city centers due to the negative effects on the resident population. This paper reports the effects of noise due to the Movida phenomenon within the city center in southern Italy. Along the roads affected by the Movida phenomenon, the values of sound levels in dBA were measured both with fixed stations with a sound level meter and with mobile stations by wearing a noise dosimeter a participant of Movida. The measured noise levels are between 85 dBA to 90 dBA. The noise levels show that the Movida phenomenon generates disturbing conditions on the resident population with consequent conflict between club managers, patrons and residents.
Freedom over Fear: Fundamentalist Populism and the Challenge of COVID-19
Authors: Westermeyer William H.
Published: June 2021

Although public responses to national and international crises are never without contestations and conflicting truth claims, the COVID-19 pandemic draws attention to the stark political and cultural divisions presented by conservative populism in the age of the Tea Party Movement and Donald Trump. Beginning with research among Tea Party activists in 2010 and continuing through the Trump Administration and “reopen” protests, I have documented a shifting cultural world of right-wing populism. The vivid and symbolically elaborate performance of patriotism and indignation by the Tea Party Movement declined in 2012, being replaced by a more belligerent and less colorful form of populism with Donald Trump. As Trump-inspired protests opposing COVID-19 mitigation policies emerged in 2020, however, Tea Party themes and symbols reemerged as frames for resistance to government restrictions. Yet, despite the shifting styles, there was a constant theme of what I term “fundamentalist populism.” This style illustrates political identities characterized by vilification of opponents, distrust of existing political and social institutions, ideological rigidity, and a rededication to individualism and personal freedom. Ethnographic and documentary research shows how these themes animate a small yet vocal resistance to the science-based and cooperative guidelines prescribed by public health experts