bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic metabolic engineering ofKlebsiella oxytocafor production of 1,3-propanediol from glucose
Authors: Chen Zhifei , Liu Hongyu , Han Xiao , Xu Ping , Tao Fei
Published: October 2023

This study successfully engineeredK. oxytocato produce 1,3-PDO from glucose for the first time.
Mechanistic insights into an NH4OAc-promoted imine dance in Rh-catalysed multicomponent double C–H annulations through an N-retention/exchange dual channel
Authors: Li Shiqing , Lv Shihai , Yang Yanyan , Zhu Peiyan , Zhao Dongbing , Zeng Ming-Hua
Published: October 2023

The methodology and mechanism of Rh(iii)-catalyzed multicomponent double C–H annulations to assemble axial 1,1′-biisoquinolines and C-bridged 1,1′-bisisoquinolines with controllable 14N/15N editing in one shot have been developed.
Structure-guided optimisation of N-hydroxythiazole-derived inhibitors of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-α
Authors: Corner Thomas P. , Teo Ryan Z. R. , Wu Yue , Salah Eidarus , Nakashima Yu , Fiorini Giorgia , Tumber Anthony , Brasnett Amelia , Holt-Martyn James P. , Figg William D. , Zhang Xiaojin , Brewitz Lennart , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: October 2023

Optimised N-hydroxythiazoles are efficient and selective inhibitors of the 2-oxoglutrate dependent oxygenase factor inhibiting HIF, which has a key role in the human hypoxic response; the inhibitors decrease lipid accumualtion in adipocytes.
Challenges facing repeat expansion identification, characterisation, and the pathway to discovery
Authors: Read Justin L. , Davies Kayli C. , Thompson Genevieve C. , Delatycki Martin B. , Lockhart Paul J.
Published: October 2023

Tandem repeat DNA sequences constitute a significant proportion of the human genome. While previously considered to be functionally inert, these sequences are now broadly accepted as important contributors to genetic diversity. However, the polymorphic nature of these sequences can lead to expansion beyond a gene-specific threshold, causing disease. More than 50 pathogenic repeat expansions have been identified to date, many of which have been discovered in the last decade as a result of advances in sequencing technologies and associated bioinformatic tools. Commonly utilised diagnostic platforms including Sanger sequencing, capillary array electrophoresis, and Southern blot are generally low throughput and are often unable to accurately determine repeat size, composition, and epigenetic signature, which are important when characterising repeat expansions. The rapid advances in bioinformatic tools designed specifically to interrogate short-read sequencing and the development of long-read single molecule sequencing is enabling a new generation of high throughput testing for repeat expansion disorders. In this review, we discuss some of the challenges surrounding the identification and characterisation of disease-causing repeat expansions and the technological advances that are poised to translate the promise of genomic medicine to individuals and families affected by these disorders.
Hereditary Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review of Potential Treatments and Interventions
Authors: Lu Yang , Hu Yuanjia , Wang Shengyue , Pan Sijia , An Kai , Wang Tong , He Yunfan , Tian Chenghua , Lei Jianbo
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the research literature with regards to treatments and intervention methods for hereditary hearing loss. Our goal was to provide reference guidelines for the rational use of medication and gene-targeted therapy for patients with hereditary hearing loss and discuss the future development of research in this area.

Method:

We searched two core databases, PubMed and Web of Science, for relevant literature relating to potential treatments and interventional methods for hereditary hearing loss. Then, we used Microsoft Excel to perform basic statistical analysis of the data, the R language to perform bibliometric analyses, and VOSviewer and CiteSpace to visualize data. In addition, we clustered and descriptively analyzed the data and identified the relative importance of each approach with regard to precise patient outcomes.

Results:

In this study, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standardized screening process and identified a total of 103 research articles. The average annual growth rate of publications in this area was 12.73%. The country with the highest number of publications and citations was the United States; 80 of these publications (associated with 76.92% of funding) were supported by grants from 16 countries. Potential treatments and interventions were clustered according to the stage of research and showed that 8.74% remain in the research design stage, 59.22% are in the clinical validation stage, and 32.04% are being applied in the clinic. The main research focus in this field is cochlear implants and gene therapy.

Conclusions:

Hereditary hearing loss is in a critical period of transition from preventive to therapeutic research. Gene-targeted interventions represent one of the most promising and effective treatments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24309193
CD20‐positive T‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Takami Akiyoshi , Saito Masanori , Nakao Shinji , Asakura Hidesaku , Nozue Tsuyoshi , Onoe Yoshihito , Yachie Akihiro , Shiobara Shintaro , Matsuda Tamotsu
Published: October 2023

Although CD20 is considered to be a representative marker for B lymphocytes, the antigen is weakly expressed on a small subset of normal T lymphocytes. A 60‐year‐old man developed pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly due to clonal proliferation of atypical lymphocytes that were weakly positive for CD20. The leukaemic cells were also positive for T‐cell antigens such as CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD8 and T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ8 and for activation antigens such as CD38 and HLA‐DR, but were negative for CD19, CD21, CD22, CD25. Southern blot analysis revealed rearrangement of the TCR‐β gene and a germline configuration of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. This is the first report of a case of clonal expansion of CD20dim Tlymphocytes
Two‐photon excited lifetime imaging of autofluorescence in cells during UV A and NIR photostress
Authors: KÖNIG K. , SO P. T. C , MANTULIN W. W. , TROMBERG B. J. , GRATTON E.
Published: October 2023

By monitoring coenzyme autofluorescence modifications. as an indicator of cell damage. the cellular response to femtosecond near‐infrared (NIR) radiation (two‐photon absorption) was compared with exposure to low‐power UV A radiation (one‐photon absorption). Excitation radiation from a tunable Ti‐sapphire laser. focused through highnumerical‐ aperture microscope optics. provided diffractionlimited mlcrobeams of an adjustable peak power. Laser scanning NIR microscopy was used to detect spatially the intracellular distribution of fluorescent coenzymes by fluorescence intensity imaging as well as fluorescence lifetime imaging (T‐mapping).
Upon the onset of UV or NIR exposure. Chinese hamster ovary cells exhibited blue/green autofluorescence witq a mean lifetime of 2·2 ns. which was attributed to NAD(P)H in mitochondria. Exposure to 365 nm radiation from a
high‐pressure mercury lamp (1 m W. 300 J cm‐2 ) resulted in oxidative stress correlated with increased autofluorescence intensity. onset of nuclear fluorescence. and a fluorescence lifetime decrease. The cellular response to femtosecond NIR micro beams depended significantly on peak power. Peak powers above a threshold value of about 0·5kW (average power: 6mW). 0·55kW (7mW) and 0·8kW (lOmW) at 730nm. 760nm and 800nm. respectively. resulted in the onset of short‐lived luminescence with higher intensity (100x) than the intracellular NAD(P)H fluorescence. This luminescence. accompanied by destruction of cellular morphology. was localized and occurred in the mitochondrial region. In contrast. beams at a power of less than 0·5 kW allowed nondestructive fluorophore detection with high spatial and temporal resolution without modification of cellular redox state or cell morphology.
Biosynthesis, targeting and processing of oleosin‐like proteins, which are major pollen coat components in Brassica napus
Authors: Murphy Denis J. , Ross Joanne H. E.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to characterise the biosynthesis, targeting and processing of some of the major protein components of the pollen coat, or tryphine, of Brassica napus. The authors have N‐terminally sequenced 11 of the most abundant pollen coat polypeptides, and nine of these sequences correspond to proteolytically cleaved products of seven oleosin‐like genes, i.e. Oln B;1 to Oln B;6 and Oln B;11. The Oln B;11 gene product is co‐ or post‐translationally targeted in vitro to canine microsomal membranes. This implies that the oleosin‐like protein is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum in tapetal cells in vivo. Affinity‐purified antibodies raised against a 20‐residue domain of Oln B;3 and B;4 gene products cross‐reacted with full‐length proteins of 45–48 kDa in early developing (< 2 mm to 5 mm) buds and anthers, but recognised truncated proteins of 32–38 kDa at later (4 mm to 7 mm) stages of development. The 45–48 kDa immunoreactive proteins were associated with a floating lipid body fraction obtained from a tapetal/locular fluid extract from maturing anthers and a major 48 kDa polypeptide from this fraction was confirmed by N‐terminal sequencing to be a full length product of the Oln B;3 gene. Quantitative immunocytochemical studies showed that the full length 45–48 kDa oleosin‐like proteins were specifically localised in the interior of tapetal cytoplasmic lipid bodies where they were associated with a regular hexagonal‐like fibrous reticulum. No significant labelling of elaioplasts was observed. The same antibodies specifically labelled 32–38 kDa oleosin‐like proteins on the extracellular pollen coat of maturing pollen grains. These results demonstrate for the first time that many of the major pollen coat proteins are derived from an endoproteolytic cleavage of precursor oleosin‐like proteins that originally accumulate within the large cytoplasmic lipid bodies of tapetal cells.
Broad-line region in active galactic nuclei: Dusty or dustless?
Authors: Pandey Ashwani , Czerny Bożena , Panda Swayamtrupta , Prince Raj , Jaiswal Vikram Kumar , Martinez-Aldama Mary Loli , Zajaček Michal , Śniegowska Marzena
Published: October 2023

Context. Dust in active galactic nuclei is clearly present right outside the broad-line region (BLR) in the form of a dusty molecular torus. However, some models of the BLR predict that dust may also exist within the BLR.

Aims. We study the reprocessing of radiation by the BLR with the aim of observing how the presence of dust affects the reprocessed continuum and the line properties.

Methods. We calculated a range of models using the CLOUDY photoionisation code for dusty and dustless plasma. We paid particular attention to the well-studied object NGC 5548, and we compared the line equivalent width predictions with the data from observations for this object.

Results. We obtained a rough agreement between the expected equivalent widths of the Hβ and Mg II lines and the observed values for NGC 5548 for the line distances implied by the time-delay measurement (for Hβ) and the radius-luminosity relation (for Mg II) when the medium is dusty. We found the incident radiation to be consistent with the radiation seen by the observer, so no shielding between the inner disc and the BLR is required. High ionisation lines such as He II, however, clearly form in the inner dustless region. When the additional absorber is present, the Hβ emitting region moves closer to the dustless part of the accretion disc surface.
Study on mechanical properties of metakaolin based geopolymer pervious concrete
Authors: Zhou Guowei , Luo Yiping , Xue Guobin
Published: October 2023

In this study, geopolymers were used as binder materials and large-sized aggregates as coarse aggregates to prepare pervious concrete. Design different alkali activator modulus, concentration, and coarse aggregate: geopolymer binder materials in mass, and test the physical, and mechanical properties. According to the compression test, the stress-strain curve of the metakaolin-based polymer pervious concrete was obtained, and the elastic modulus and strain were analyzed. The test results show that: with the increase of the modulus of the alkali activator, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The higher alkali activator concentration and the ratio of the crude aggregate to the polymer binder material are detrimental to the development of strength in pervious concrete. The mass ratio of geopolymer binder material to coarse aggregate is 1: 5, the concentration of alkaline activator is 40%, the modulus is 1.3, and the mass ratio of alkali activator solute (sodium silicate+sodium hydroxide) to metakaolin is the geopolymer pervious concrete prepared at 0.35 has higher strength and water permeability.
Research Progress and Application of Thin-walled Box-shaped Tube Folding Theory under Axial Crushing
Authors: Liu Jingdong , Wu Benying , Zhou Xiwu , Rong Weifeng
Published: October 2023

Thin-walled box-shaped tubes, which feature good energy absorption and have a wide range of applications, can be flexibly combined with various buffer materials to form a combined energy consumption structure; However, in view of the complexity of the buffer forms when subjected to axial compression, there is still much room for intensive study in the calculation of the folding method, energy consumption and average force of the tube body during axial crushing. Based on the folding mode and spatial buckling behavior theory of box-shaped tube under axial compression, it not only sorts out the literature on the establishment and improvement process of super-folding theory, but also makes a comparison and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the classical method in the calculation of critical buckling force of box-shaped tubes. Moreover, it gives an overview on the common application methods of tube engineering and theoretical progress in terms of the application of box-shaped tubes, as well as makes a summary of the prospect and improvement of box section tube application in civil engineering at the end in this paper.
Evaluating the Environmental Sustainability of Electronic Products: A Case Study of Life Cycle Assessment In Coimbatore Region
Authors: Palanisamy Krithiga , Thasan Sarathi , Latha Saru , Haran Vasee
Published: October 2023

The growth of science and technology is to lead an increasing quantity of electrical and electronic equipment trash (E-waste); electronic products became important and necessary products in our daily life. Due to its quick volume increase and toxic nature, electronic waste has turned into an environmental problem. Ewaste treatment is a more troublesome task than handling electronic waste products that lacks a clear direction, which results in land filling, disposal, etc. E-waste contains several dangerous components that could harm the atmosphere and human health. This research attempt to the dismantling and separation of the e-waste components (mobile phone, laptop, desktop). In addition, calculate the life cycle GHG of e-waste. To evaluate the impact categories with the help of openLCA software. Then the Ecoinvent v3.6, cut off and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) indicators were used. The greenhouse is emission is mainly based on the transportation. Finally, this paper shows the financial value and the environmental effect of present disposal of e-waste. Under e-waste running most domestic e-waste kept at home because people don’t know where to discard. The present practice adds more greenhouse gas to the atmosphere because of the distance between the dismantling unit and the recycling unit.
Hitherto Unreported Pattern of Complex Obstructive Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage with Dual Drainage of Accessory Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Garg Dollphy , Sharma Arun , Naganur Sanjeev Hanumantacharya , Singhal Manphool
Published: October 2023

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a congenital cardiac disorder characterized by abnormal drainage of one or more pulmonary veins into the systemic circulation. It can be isolated or associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies, most commonly atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. The clinical presentation is variable and depends on the degree of shunting and associated cardiac anomalies. Many patients usually remain asymptomatic until late in life. In this article, we presented a complex case of obstructive partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with dual drainage of bilateral accessory pulmonary veins with intact interatrial septum in conjunction with a patent ductus arteriosus and a ventricular septal defect. This pattern is incredibly rare and to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported. Computed tomography played a pivotal role in precisely elucidating the intricate anatomy in this case with a complex pattern of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
Intuition as a “trained thing”: sensing, thinking, and speculating in computational cultures
Authors: Pedwell Carolyn
Published: October 2023

What happens when intuition becomes algorithmic? This article explores how approaching intuition as recursively trained sheds light on what is at stake affectively, politically, and ethically in the entanglements of sensorial, cognitive, computational and corporate processes and (infra)structures that characterise algorithmic life. Bringing affect theory and speculative philosophies to bear on computational histories and cultures, I tease out the continuing implications of post-war efforts to make intuition a measurable and indexable mode of anticipatory knowledge. If digital computing pioneers tended to elide the more ambivalent implications of quantifying intuition, this article asks what computational myths are at play in current accounts of machine learning-enabled sensing, thinking, and speculating and what complexities or chaos are disavowed. I argue that an understanding of more-than-human intuition which grapples meaningfully with the indeterminacy central to digitally mediated social life must recognise that visceral response is recursively trained in multiple ways with diverse, and often contradictory, effects.
Impact of swift heavy oxygen ion irradiation on the performance of Pt/GaN Schottky diodes and epitaxial layers: A comparative study
Authors: Singh Kamal , Kumar Parmod , Rathi Vaishali , Kumar Tanuj , Pandey Ratnesh K. , Kanjilal D. , Brajpuriya Ranjeet K. , Kumar Ashish
Published: October 2023

Pt/GaN Schottky barrier diodes and GaN epitaxial layers on sapphire substrates were studied under swift heavy ion irradiation using 100 MeV O7+ ions having fluences in the range of 1 × 1010–6.4 × 1013 ions/cm2. It was observed that ideality factor, Schottky barrier height, and series resistance increased, while carrier concentration decreased with increasing ion fluence. The ex situ measurements, such as x-ray diffraction and UV–Vis spectroscopy, revealed that GaN layers exhibit negligible variation in structural and bandgap characteristics after irradiation with oxygen ions. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the GaN epitaxial layer irradiated at 5 × 1012 ions/cm2 confirmed the absence of irradiation-induced tracks or defect clusters, indicating only point defects that can act as charge traps without structural damage.
Enthalpy-entropy compensation in the slow Arrhenius process
Authors: Thoms Erik , Napolitano Simone
Published: October 2023

The Meyer–Neldel compensation law, observed in a wide variety of chemical reactions and other thermally activated processes, provides a proportionality between the entropic and the enthalpic components of an energy barrier. By analyzing 31 different polymer systems, we show that such an intriguing behavior is encountered also in the slow Arrhenius process, a recently discovered microscopic relaxation mode, responsible for several equilibration mechanisms both in the liquid and the glassy state. We interpret this behavior in terms of the multiexcitation entropy model, indicating that overcoming large energy barriers can require a high number of low-energy local excitations, providing a multiphonon relaxation process.
A novel method to evaluate safe heat exposure distance for firefighters under thermal radiation conditions
Authors: Su Yun , Xie Mengzhen , Xu Na , Liu Jianlin , Li Jun
Published: October 2023

Background Correct evaluation of safe heat exposure distance (SHED) in wildland fire environments improves the safety and efficiency of firefighting operation. However, there is a lack of standard test method for the SHED, let alone the influencing factors of the SHED. Aims The aim of this study was to develop a novel method to examine the SHED by considering clothing and fire factors under thermal radiation condition. Methods We developed a new experimental apparatus for evaluating the SHED of firefighters in fire environments. The testing accuracy and repeatability was verified by calibration and measurement results. The evaluation method was used to investigate the influences of heating source temperature and fabric combination on the SHED, and reveal the relationship between the SHED and safe heat exposure time (SHET). Key results The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the heating source temperature and the SHED. When the heating source temperature increased from 200 to 550°C, the SHED of three single-layer fabrics increased by more than 1.23 times. The SHED was negatively correlated with the reflectance, grammage and thickness of the fabric. The SHET increased with the heating source distance, and the rising rate increased gradually. Implications The findings obtained in this study can be used to provide theoretical support for determining the SHED during fire rescue, and to help engineer clothing that provides higher protection for firefighters.
Semiotic landscape in a green capital
Authors: Kosatica Maida
Published: October 2023

In the wake of the ‘climate apocalypse’ global discourse, the environmental agenda of the European Green Deal and
the overarching objective for the European Union are to deliver a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the
environment. European cities are under pressure to reinvent urban environments and develop resilience to environmental risks. This
paper looks at semiotic material appearing in Essen, a city in Germany awarded the European Green Capital title. Grounded in the
multimodal social semiotic approach and ecolinguistics, the paper investigates strategically emplaced ‘green’ semiotic material
which shape environmental values and privilege. The paper illustrates the political economy of city clean-ups which every so often
result in questionable environmental choices and fail to alleviate social inequalities. The analysis ultimately shows how semiotic
forms of sustainability are evidently implicated in the creation of urban eco-arenas accentuating the socioeconomic stratification
and privileges of valorized places.
Exploring digital signal processing using an interactive Jupyter notebook and smartphone accelerometer data
Authors: Pirinen P , Klein P , Lahme S Z , Lehtinen A , Rončević L , Susac A
Published: October 2023

Digital signal processing is a valuable practical skill for the contemporary physicist, yet in physics curricula, its central concepts are often introduced either in method courses in a highly abstract and mathematics-oriented manner or in lab work with little explicit attention. In this paper, we present an experimental task in which we focus on a practical implementation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in an everyday context of vibration analysis using data collected by a smartphone accelerometer. Students are accompanied in the experiment by a Jupyter Notebook Companion, which serves as an interactive instruction sheet and a tool for data analysis. The task is suitable for beyond-first-year university physics students with some prior experience in uncertainty analysis, data representation, and data analysis. Based on our observations the experiment is very engaging. Students have consistently reported interest in the experiment and they have found it a good demonstration of the DFT method.
Born and inverse Born series for scattering problems with Kerr nonlinearities
Authors: DeFilippis Nicholas , Moskow Shari , Schotland John C
Published: October 2023

We consider the Born and inverse Born series for scalar waves with a cubic nonlinearity of Kerr type. We find a recursive formula for the operators in the Born series and prove their boundedness. This result gives conditions which guarantee convergence of the Born series, and subsequently yields conditions which guarantee convergence of the inverse Born series. We also use fixed point theory to give alternate explicit conditions for convergence of the Born series. We illustrate our results with numerical experiments.
Preparation and controllable tuning of a high-quality factor phonon-laser in the optomechanical microsphere cavity
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Wenyao , Pan Ziwen , Fan Wenjie , Liu Lai , Xing Enbo , Zhou Yanru , Tang Jun , Liu Jun
Published: October 2023

Low-threshold, narrow linewidth phonon lasers can greatly improve the detection resolution of sensors and have enormous potential for development in classical and quantum sensing fields, as well as information processing. However, its development is limited due to unfavorable factors such as the complex process, low quality factor (Q-factor), difficult tuning, and harsh environments requirements. Here, we report an easy-to-excite phonon laser with an ultra-narrow linewidth in silica whispering gallery mode microsphere optomechanical resonators at room temperature and ambient pressure. The microsphere cavity is fabricated by high-temperature melting with a CO2 laser and designed by controlling the proportion of the sphere to the stem (sphere-to-stem ratio) to reduce mechanical damping. By using a single-frequency laser as the pump source, the microsphere optomechanical resonator exhibited multiple breathing mode phonon lasers with ultra-high optical Q-factor (1.78 × 109), mechanical Q-factor (3.1 × 107), and low threshold (2.4 μW). It is the first time to achieve such a high mechanical Q-factor in the microsphere cavity system of this kind to the best of our knowledge, which opens up an avenue to develop highly sensitive sensors.
Near-infrared switch effect of polarization modulation induced by guided-mode resonance in dielectric grating
Authors: Kuang Kaili , Wang Qiao , Yuan Xiaomin , Yang Yutong , Chu Han , Chang Fangjin , Peng Wei
Published: October 2023

Light intensity modulation is crucial for the development of optical imaging, optical sensing, and optical switch. Light intensity modulation methods, such as changing structural parameters, external temperature, or external voltage, make the control process time consuming and complex. The plasmonic polarization modulation is an effective strategy to modulate the light intensity, but this method is limited by the excitation of surface plasmons with transverse magnetic (TM) polarized light. Herein, we report another polarization modulation method for light intensity based on guided mode resonance in a dielectric grating excited by transverse electric (TE) polarized light. The nanosystem comprises a Si grating and a TiN substrate. By adjusting the polarization states of the incident light from TE to TM, the proposed nanosystem exhibits an outstanding light intensity modulation performance with a relative modulation depth of 25833%. The presented method provides another way for modulating the light intensity, which has potential applications in optical switching, optical imaging, and optical anti-counterfeiting.
Optimizing silver nanowire dimensions by the modification of polyol synthesis for the fabrication of transparent conducting films
Authors: Thomas Neethu , Sharma Neha , Swaminathan Parasuraman
Published: October 2023

Transparent conducting films (TCFs) made by the assembly/deposition of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are widely used to manufacture flexible electronics such as touch screens, heaters, displays, and organic light-emitting diodes. Controlling the dimensions (length and diameter) of the nanowires is key in obtaining TCFs with the desired optoelectronic properties, namely sheet resistance and optical transparency. This work describes a combined experimental and theoretical investigation on the optimization of the NW dimensions to fabricate high-quality TCFs. Ag NWs of different dimensions are synthesized by the modified polyol method and the average diameter and length of the wires are tailored over a wide range, 35–150 nm and 12–130 μm respectively, by controlling the synthesis parameters such as reaction conditions, stabilizing agents, and growth promoters. The synthesized NWs are spin coated on glass substrates to form TCFs. Comparing the films with different lengths, but identical diameters, enabled the quantification of the effect of length on the optoelectronic properties of the TCFs. Similarly, the effect of NW diameter is also studied. A non-uniformity factor is defined to evaluate the uniformity of the TCF and the transmittance of the NW network is shown to be inversely proportional to its area coverage. The sheet conductance versus the normalized number density is plotted for the different concentrations of NWs to extract a conductivity exponent that agrees well with the theoretical predictions. For thin film networks, the relation between the transmittance and sheet resistance provides the percolative figure of merit (FoM) as a fitting parameter. A large FoM is desirable for a good-performing TCF and the synthesis conditions to achieve this are optimized.
Effect of depth of interaction resolution on the spatial resolution of SIAT aPET
Authors: Kuang Zhonghua , Zhang Ling , Ren Ning , Kinyanjui Samuel M , Liu Zheng , Sun Tao , Hu Zhanli , Yang Yongfeng
Published: October 2023

Objective. Spatial resolution is a crucial parameter for a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. The spatial resolution of a high-resolution small animal PET scanner is significantly influenced by the effect of depth of interaction (DOI) uncertainty. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of DOI resolution on the spatial resolution of a small animal PET scanner called SIAT aPET and determine the required DOI resolution to achieve nearly uniform spatial resolution within the field of view (FOV). Approach. The SIAT aPET detectors utilize 1.0 × 1.0 × 20 mm3 crystals, with an average DOI resolution of ∼2 mm. A default number of 16 DOI bins are used during data acquisition. First, a Na-22 point source was scanned in the center of the axial FOV with different radial offsets. Then, a Derenzo phantom was scanned at radial offsets of 0 and 15 mm in the center axial FOV. The measured DOI information was rebinned to 1, 2, 4 and 8 DOI bins to mimic different DOI resolutions of the detectors during image reconstruction. Main results. Significant artifacts were observed in images obtained from both the point source and Derenzo phantom when using only one DOI bin. When accurate measurement of DOI is not achieved, degradation in spatial resolution is more pronounced in the radial direction compared to tangential and axial directions for large radial offsets. The radial spatial resolutions at a 30 mm radial offset are 5.05, 2.62, 1.24, 0.86 and 0.78 mm when using 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 DOI bins, respectively. The axial spatial resolution improved from ∼1.3 to 0.7 mm as the number of DOI bins increased from 1 to 16 at radial offsets from 0 to 25 mm. Two DOI bins are required to obtain images without significant artifacts. The required DOI resolution is about three times the crystal width of SIAT aPET to achieve a uniform submillimeter spatial resolution within the central 60 mm FOV and resolve the 1 mm rods of the Derenzo phantom at both positions.
Development of a novel single-mode miniature standing wave ultrasonic motor
Authors: Pan Qiaosheng , Wang Ya , Wan Aode , Li Chen , Zhao Mingfei , Li Ruijun
Published: October 2023

A novel single-mode miniature standing wave ultrasonic motor (SUSM) is proposed. The SUSM uses the first extension vibration mode and second extension vibration mode of the stator to generate different diagonal vibration trajectories and drive the rotor to rotate in different directions through a single-phase signal. The bidirectional motion of the SUSM can be realised by switching the two vibration modes and excitation methods. The motor is designed and the operating principle is analysed. The resonant frequencies of the two vibration modes are determined by the finite element simulated analysis, and the transient analysis is adopted to obtain the diagonal trajectories of the driving part. Finally, a prototype of the single-mode SUSM is developed and the mechanical performance of the prototype is measured and evaluated. According to the experimental results, the motor has a no-load speed of 265.37 rpm (B1 mode) and 320.20 rpm (B2 mode) in each direction under 200 Vp−p and 100 Vp−p voltage excitation, and the maximum load is 60 mN and 70 mN, respectively.
Performance characteristics of REBCO coated conductor joints fabricated by flux-free hybrid welding
Authors: Nisay Arman Ray , Shin Hyung-Seop
Published: October 2023

Recently, the joining of rare-earth barium copper oxide coated conductor (CC) tapes using ultrasonic welding (UW) has demonstrated outstanding potential in the in-line fabrication of longer tapes required for superconducting device applications. The UW method can produce CC joints by applying ultrasonic vibration in less than one second, and hybrid welding (HW) has been adopted to improve further the joint resistance (R
j) and electromechanical properties of the UW CC joints. However, conventional methods for preparing the HW and soldered CC joints involve applying solder flux to remove the oxide film, which can cause corrosion to the surface of the CC tapes and affect the joint’s lifespan during device operation. Therefore, this study aims to fabricate a robust HW CC joint of pre-solder insertion without solder flux and compare its joint strength and electromechanical properties with the traditional cases with the solder flux. While similar R
j can be obtained from both cases of HW CC joints, the flux-free HW CC joint has slightly higher joint strength and superior adhesive characteristics than those with flux. The difference in fracture mechanisms after lap-shear and T-peel tests between flux-free HW and with flux was extensively discussed. Additionally, the study investigates the correlation between a decrease in R
j with longer joint length in differently stabilized and processed CC tapes for flux-free HW. Overall, this study demonstrated that the flux-free HW method could efficiently produce robust CC joints with a lesser risk of corrosion and enhanced joint characteristics.
Co-optimization for hydrodynamic lubrication and leakage of V-shape textured bearings via linear weighting summation
Authors: Guo Juan , Ding Bo , Wang Yifei , Han Yanfeng
Published: October 2023

In this study, the linear weighting summation method is adopted for the co-optimization of V-shape textured bearings to maximize the load-carrying capacity and minimize the leakage and friction. Optimal parameters including texture angle and depth and ratio of the texture width are identified based on the established numerical model. Moreover, to improve the comprehensive performance, especially leakage reduction, two profile modifications are introduced: micro-slope and micro-step. The results show that the two proposed modifications are effective for improving the comprehensive performance of V-shape textured journal bearings, and optimal values exist for both the modifications. Furthermore, the overall performance of a bearing with micro-step modification is superior to that of a bearing with micro-slope modification, but the bearing with micro-slope modification is more sensitive to leakage. In summary, this study aims to provide theoretical foundation for the multi-objective optimization design of V-shape textured bearings.
Exploring the impact of kesterite charge transport layers on the photovoltaic properties of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Sherwani Tayyab , Tariq Jan Shayan , Ismail Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The pressing need for highly efficient renewable energy technologies has propelled research into perovskite solar cells (PSC) due to their excellent photovoltaic properties and high-performance potentials. This research investigates the performance and optimization of MAPbI3-based PSC, focusing on the use of different kesterite based hole transport layers (HTLs). Through a detailed analysis using SCAPs simulation software, the study explores the effects of charge transport layers, thickness, doping, defects, work function, and temperature on the solar cell’s performance, quantum efficiency, energy band alignment, absorption, electric field and recombination. The PSC design parameters were optimized to their highest potential. The best performance was demonstrated by ZnSe/MAPbI3/CBTS with PCE 21.01%. The research provides valuable insights into achieving highly efficient and stable photovoltaic technologies, contributing to the advancement of next-generation perovskite solar cells.
Study on wear, corrosion and fatigue properties of dual metallic bearings coated with nickel and aluminum particles
Authors: Esfahani Zahra , Sadooghi Ali , Rahmani Kaveh , Hashemi Seyed Jalal
Published: October 2023

One of the solutions for improving the mechanical properties is coating them with particles, which is carried out by various methods. In this study, dual metallic copper/steel bearings were investigated so that, one of them was an uncoated (S0) and three coated samples, nickel micro-particles (S1), nickel/aluminum micro-particles (S2), and nickel/aluminum nano-particles (S3) were produced. The samples were subjected to mechanical tests including micro hardness, wear, and scratch, and then their corrosion rate and fatigue life were evaluated. The results showed that creating a nano-sized coating on the sample improved their properties compared to the micro-sized and uncoated samples. The highest micro hardness was obtained for sample S3, which was equal to 103.6 HV, 18% higher than sample S0. The lowest wear and corrosion rates were also obtained for sample S3, which were equal to 0.38 mg m−1 and 3.14 mm year−1, respectively. Also, sample S3 had lowest delamination amount in the scratch test equal to 0.17 mm and most number of cycles until failure, 242 thousand cycles, in the fatigue test which was 76% more than the number of cycles spent on sample S0. Additionally, the microstructure of the corroded and worn surfaces of samples were examined by SEM imaging.
Ultra-thin metal-free terahertz absorber for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Mandal Shankha Shuvra , Varshney Gaurav , Jagadeesh V K
Published: October 2023

An ultrathin broadband absorber covering the frequency range of 0.1 to 10 terahertz (THz) and

0.1

to

6.94

THz with more than 80% and 90% absorption, respectively is designed and numerically analysed. The absorber structure utilizes a partial reflecting surface and reflector of graphene separated by a thin dielectric spacer providing the metal-free structure. Multiple resonances are generated in the absorber structure whose spectrum can be separated or merged to find the narrow or broad absorption spectrum. The proposed absorber operates with the combine effect of the electromagnetic (EM) resonances occurring in the graphene resonator and the destructive interference taking place in the dielectric spacer. The absorber operation is validated through the theory of electromagnetic coupled mode resonances and with the theory of multiple reflections. The narrow absorption peaks can allow the proposed absorber to be utilized as refractive index sensor and the broad absorption spectrum can allow it to be utilized in the EM shielding and packaging applications.
Dark energy in light of the early JWST observations: case for a negative cosmological constant?
Authors: Adil Shahnawaz A. , Mukhopadhyay Upala , Sen Anjan A. , Vagnozzi Sunny
Published: October 2023

Early data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered the existence of a surprisingly abundant population of very massive galaxies at extremely high redshift, which are hard to accommodate within the standard ΛCDM cosmology. We explore whether the JWST observations may be pointing towards more complex dynamics in the dark energy (DE) sector. Motivated by the ubiquity of anti-de Sitter vacua in string theory, we consider a string-inspired scenario where the DE sector consists of a negative cosmological constant (nCC) and a evolving component with positive energy density on top, whose equation of state is allowed to cross the phantom divide. We show that such a scenario can drastically alter the growth of structure compared to ΛCDM, and accommodate the otherwise puzzling JWST observations if the dynamical component evolves from the quintessence-like regime in the past to the phantom regime today: in particular, we demonstrate that the presence of a nCC (which requires a higher density for the evolving component) plays a crucial role in enhancing the predicted cumulative comoving stellar mass density. Our work reinforces the enormous potential held by observations of the abundance of high-z galaxies in probing cosmological models and new fundamental physics, including string-inspired ingredients.
Design of tightly linked dual ring antenna and imaging of magnetic field distribution using a diamond fiber probe
Authors: Ye 叶 Qing-Yun 青云 , Xue 薛 Ya-Wen 雅文 , He 何 Fei-Yue 飞越 , Zhao 赵 Xu-Tong 旭彤 , Bian 卞 Yu-Chen 雨辰 , Lu 卢 Wen-Tao 文韬 , Wang 王 Jin-Xu 金旭 , Chen 陈 Hong-Hao 鸿浩 , Xia 夏 Sheng-Kai 圣开 , Zeng 曾 Ming-Jing 明菁 , Du 杜 Guan-Xiang 关祥
Published: October 2023

A tightly linked dual ring antenna is designed, and it is specifically tailored for uniformly coupling the microwave magnetic field to the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. The designed antenna operates at a center frequency of about 2.87 GHz, with a bandwidth of around 200 MHz, allowing it to address multiple resonance peaks in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum in an external magnetic field. Moreover, the antenna generates a fairly uniform magnetic field in a range with a radius of 0.75 mm. High resolution imaging of the magnetic field distribution on the surface of the antenna is conducted by using a fiber diamond probe. We also investigate the effect of magnetic field uniformity on the linewidth of ODMR, so as to provide insights into reducing the inhomogeneous broadening of ODMR.
A chaotic hierarchical encryption/watermark embedding scheme for multi-medical images based on row–column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion
Authors: Zhang 张 Zheyi 哲祎 , Mou 牟 Jun 俊 , Banerjee Santo , Cao 曹 Yinghong 颖鸿
Published: October 2023

Security during remote transmission has been an important concern for researchers in recent years. In this paper, a hierarchical encryption multi-image encryption scheme for people with different security levels is designed, and a multi-image encryption (MIE) algorithm with row and column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion is adopted in the paper. While ensuring secure communication of medical image information, people with different security levels have different levels of decryption keys, and differentiated visual effects can be obtained by using the strong sensitivity of chaotic keys. The highest security level can obtain decrypted images without watermarks, and at the same time, patient information and copyright attribution can be verified by obtaining watermark images. The experimental results show that the scheme is sufficiently secure as an MIE scheme with visualized differences and the encryption and decryption efficiency is significantly improved compared to other works.
Mechanism of enhanced ion temperature by impurity seeding in EAST H-mode plasma
Authors: Yang Xiuda , Gong Xianzu , Qian Jinping , Jin Yifei , Manas Pierre , Li Pan , Bourdelle Clarisse , Chu Yuqi , Zhang Bin , Chen Yingjie , Hu Yunchan , Li Yingying , Li Kedong , Zhang Xuexi , Duan Yanmin , Zhang Hongming , Jia Tianqi , Liu Haiqing , Zang Qing , Huang Juan , Ding Rui , Wang Liang , Xu Guosheng
Published: October 2023

Ion temperature (T
i) profiles are commonly observed to increase in peaking, leading to higher central T
i, after impurity seeding in the EAST H-mode plasma. Argon can be more efficient at raising T
i than neon. Toroidal rotation can also be enhanced in scenarios with NBI heating. A more significant increase in toroidal rotation is brought about by seeding argon than seeding neon. Turbulence is experimentally observed to be suppressed. Extensive modeling using the quasilinear gyrokinetic code QuaLiKiz is performed to explain the above observations. It is found that the enhanced T
i can always be explained by the turbulence stabilization. However, the mechanism of turbulence stabilization is related to heating methods and the seeding impurity species. In the pure RF (ECRH + LHW) heating scenarios, where only the trapped electron mode (TEM) exists, argon can stabilize the TEM more significantly than neon due to its higher charge and heavier mass. In scenarios with increasing NBI power, the ion heat flux can be dominated by the ion temperature gradient (ITG), thus the enhanced T
i is mainly attributed to ITG stabilization. In these cases, except argon’s ability to more efficiently stabilize TEM, more evident increased toroidal rotation brought about by argon seeding can also be beneficial to stabilize turbulence.
The first observational evidence of a mixed Rossby–gravity wave contribution to triggering the onset process of the South China Sea summer monsoon
Authors: Hu Peng , Huangfu Jingliang , Chen Wen , Feng Tao , Wang Lin , Tang Yulian
Published: October 2023

Convectively coupled equatorial waves (Kelvin waves, equatorial Rossby waves, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical depression–type waves, and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves) are important components of the tropical atmosphere. It is already known that the first four kinds of equatorial waves can trigger the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). This study provides observational evidence that an MRG wave contributes to triggering the onset process of the SCSSM in 2023, which took place very early (advanced by two weeks). Specifically, anomalous upper-tropospheric southerly winds first appeared in the equatorial central Pacific at the end of April. These southerly winds propagated westwards and downwards to the equatorial western Pacific and became an MRG wave. As this MRG wave continued to propagate westwards, the associated southwesterly winds contributed to the SCSSM onset. In addition to the MRG wave, the westerly phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation is located around the Maritime Continent, which also creates a favorable environment for the SCSSM onset in 2023. After addressing the important role of the MRG wave, this study completes the last piece of the puzzle of the impacts of equatorial waves on the monsoon onset.
Two-dimensional integrable systems with position-dependent mass via complex holomorphic functions
Authors: Zhang Hai , Wu Kai , Wang Delong
Published: October 2023

We study the relationship between integrable systems with a position-dependent mass (PDM) and complex holomorphic functions and the potential applications of the latter to deduce the former. For a prescribed mass term the associated complex function is derived. The complex function and related plane transformation are used to generate the PDM systems of three integrable Hénon–Heiles systems and a Holt system as well. We also figure out a holomorphic function, which ensures separability of the corresponding PDM systems in the polar-like coordinates. The holomorphic function together with Jacobi method have yielded a variety of generalized separable systems. At last we put forward an example of a family of separable systems to show that not all PDM systems can be deduced through some holomorphic function.