bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous γH2AX Foci in Human Solid Tumor-Derived Cell Lines in Relation to p21WAF1 and WIP1 Expression
Authors: Mirzayans Razmik , Andrais Bonnie , Scott April , Wang Ying , Weiss Robert , Murray David
Published: May 2015

Phosphorylation of H2AX on Ser139 (γH2AX) after exposure to ionizing radiation produces nuclear foci that are detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy. These so-called γH2AX foci have been adopted as quantitative markers for DNA double-strand breaks. High numbers of spontaneous γH2AX foci have also been reported for some human solid tumor-derived cell lines, but the molecular mechanism(s) for this response remains elusive. Here we show that cancer cells (e.g., HCT116; MCF7) that constitutively express detectable levels of p21WAF1 (p21) exhibit low numbers of γH2AX foci (<3/nucleus), whereas p21 knockout cells (HCT116p21−/−) and constitutively low p21-expressing cells (e.g., MDA-MB-231) exhibit high numbers of foci (e.g., >50/nucleus), and that these foci are not associated with apoptosis. The majority (>95%) of cells within HCT116p21−/− and MDA-MB-231 cultures contain high levels of phosphorylated p53, which is localized in the nucleus. We further show an inverse relationship between γH2AX foci and nuclear accumulation of WIP1, an oncogenic phosphatase. Our studies suggest that: (i) p21 deficiency might provide a selective pressure for the emergence of apoptosis-resistant progeny exhibiting genomic instability, manifested as spontaneous γH2AX foci coupled with phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of p53; and (ii) p21 might contribute to positive regulation of WIP1, resulting in dephosphorylation of γH2AX.
Nanoreinforced Cast Al-Si Alloys with Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: El-Mahallawi Iman , Shash Ahmed , Amer Amer
Published: May 2015

This study presents a new concept of refining and enhancing the properties of cast aluminum alloys by adding nanoparticles. In this work, the effect of adding alumina (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zirconia (ZrO2) nano-particles (40 nm) to the aluminum cast alloy A356 as a base metal matrix was investigated. Alumina, titanium dioxide and zirconia nano-powders were stirred in the A356 matrix with different fraction ratios ranging from (0%–5%) by weight at variable stirring speeds ranging from (270, 800, 1500, 2150 rpm) in both the semisolid (600 °C) and liquid (700 °C) state using a constant stirring time of one minute. The cast microstructure exhibited change of grains from dendritic to spherical shape with increasing stirring speed. The fracture surface showed the presence of nanoparticles at the interdendritic spacing of the fracture surface and was confirmed with EDX analysis of these particles. The results of the study showed that the mechanical properties (strength, elongation and hardness) for the nanoreinforced castings using Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2 were enhanced for the castings made in the semi-solid state (600 °C) with 2 weight% Al2O3 and 3 weight% TiO2 or ZrO2 at 1500 rpm stirring speed.
Predicting the Composition of Red Wine Blends Using an Array of Multicomponent Peptide-Based Sensors
Authors: Ghanem Eman , Hopfer Helene , Navarro Andrea , Ritzer Maxwell , Mahmood Lina , Fredell Morgan , Cubley Ashley , Bolen Jessica , Fattah Rabia , Teasdale Katherine , Lieu Linh , Chua Tedmund , Marini Federico , Heymann Hildegarde , Anslyn Eric
Published: May 2015

Differential sensing using synthetic receptors as mimics of the mammalian senses of taste and smell is a powerful approach for the analysis of complex mixtures. Herein, we report on the effectiveness of a cross-reactive, supramolecular, peptide-based sensing array in differentiating and predicting the composition of red wine blends. Fifteen blends of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc, in addition to the mono varietals, were used in this investigation. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) showed a clear differentiation of blends based on tannin concentration and composition where certain mono varietals like Cabernet Sauvignon seemed to contribute less to the overall characteristics of the blend. Partial Least Squares (PLS) Regression and cross validation were used to build a predictive model for the responses of the receptors to eleven binary blends and the three mono varietals. The optimized model was later used to predict the percentage of each mono varietal in an independent test set composted of four tri-blends with a 15% average error. A partial least square regression model using the mouth-feel and taste descriptive sensory attributes of the wine blends revealed a strong correlation of the receptors to perceived astringency, which is indicative of selective binding to polyphenols in wine.
Rationality Parameter for Exercising American Put
Authors: Gad Kamille , Pedersen Jesper
Published: May 2015

In this paper, irrational exercise behavior of the buyer of an American put is characterized by a single parameter. We model irrational exercise rules as the first jump time of a point processes with stochastic intensity. By the rationality parameter, we parameterize a family of stochastic intensities that depends on the value of the put itself. We present a probabilistic proof that the value of the American put using the irrational exercise rule converges to the arbitrage-free price as the rationality parameter converges to infinity. Another application of this result is the penalty method for approximating the price of an American put.
A Wavelet-Based Approach to Fall Detection
Authors: Palmerini Luca , Bagalà Fabio , Zanetti Andrea , Klenk Jochen , Becker Clemens , Cappello Angelo
Published: May 2015

Falls among older people are a widely documented public health problem. Automatic fall detection has recently gained huge importance because it could allow for the immediate communication of falls to medical assistance. The aim of this work is to present a novel wavelet-based approach to fall detection, focusing on the impact phase and using a dataset of real-world falls. Since recorded falls result in a non-stationary signal, a wavelet transform was chosen to examine fall patterns. The idea is to consider the average fall pattern as the “prototype fall”.In order to detect falls, every acceleration signal can be compared to this prototype through wavelet analysis. The similarity of the recorded signal with the prototype fall is a feature that can be used in order to determine the difference between falls and daily activities. The discriminative ability of this feature is evaluated on real-world data. It outperforms other features that are commonly used in fall detection studies, with an Area Under the Curve of 0.918. This result suggests that the proposed wavelet-based feature is promising and future studies could use this feature (in combination with others considering different fall phases) in order to improve the performance of fall detection algorithms.
Key Determinant Derivations for Information Technology Disaster Recovery Site Selection by the Multi-Criterion Decision Making Method
Authors: Yang Chia-Lee , Yuan Benjamin , Huang Chi-Yo
Published: May 2015

Disaster recovery sites are an important mechanism in continuous IT system operations. Such mechanisms can sustain IT availability and reduce business losses during natural or human-made disasters. Concerning the cost and risk aspects, the IT disaster-recovery site selection problems are multi-criterion decision making (MCDM) problems in nature. For such problems, the decision aspects include the availability of the service, recovery time requirements, service performance, and more. The importance and complexities of IT disaster recovery sites increases with advances in IT and the categories of possible disasters. The modern IT disaster recovery site selection process requires further investigation. However, very few researchers tried to study related issues during past years based on the authors’ extremely limited knowledge. Thus, this paper aims to derive the aspects and criteria for evaluating and selecting a modern IT disaster recovery site. A hybrid MCDM framework consisting of the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) will be proposed to construct the complex influence relations between aspects as well as criteria and further, derive weight associated with each aspect and criteria. The criteria with higher weight can be used for evaluating and selecting the most suitable IT disaster recovery sites. In the future, the proposed analytic framework can be used for evaluating and selecting a disaster recovery site for data centers by public institutes or private firms.
An Extended Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict the Usage Intention of the Electric Car: A Multi-Group Comparison
Authors: Moons Ingrid , De Pelsmacker Patrick
Published: May 2015

An Extended Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) is developed that integrates emotions towards car driving and electric cars as well as car driving habits of the DTPB, and is empirically validated in a Belgian sample (n = 1023). Multi-group comparisons explore how the determinants of usage intention are different between groups of consumers differing in environmentally-friendly behaviour, environmental concern, innovativeness and personal values. Besides attitudes, media, perceived complexity, compatibility and relative advantage, emotions towards the electric car and reflective emotions towards car driving have a strong effect on usage intention. Car driving habits and perceived behavioural control (facilitators and constraints) do not substantially affect usage intention. Only people differing in personal values show a different motivational structure for a number of important drivers of usage intention.
Sustainable Supply Chain Engagement in a Retail Environment
Authors: Berning Anika , Venter Chanel
Published: May 2015

Sustainability is a key requirement for business success and is often regarded a competitive advantage if strategically managed. Sustainability-mature organisations look to their value chains where the retailer-supplier collaboration becomes critical in embedding sustainability. With this in mind, it is important to monitor retailer-supplier collaboration to determine whether it is effective. To facilitate this monitoring, the UN Global Compact Supply Chain Sustainability: A Guide for Continuous Improvement was consulted. The research question aimed to determine the progress of a prominent South African retailer regarding their sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and collaboration with suppliers. Therefore, this study attempts to apply the Supplier Engagement Continuum, extracted from the UN Global Compact Supply Chain Sustainability: A Guide for Continuous Improvement, in order to determine how the retailer is progressing in sustainable supply chain management. The qualitative and exploratory nature of the study necessitated a case study research design, while the technique of purposive sampling was used to select the sample of three suppliers. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews facilitated by an interview guide, and data analysis was conducted with Atlas.ti software. It was found that the retailer’s sustainable supply chain management can only be located on level one of the continuum. Supply chain sustainability in organisations lack the theoretical foundation of what sustainability really is. Therefore, the model was amended and an additional level was added to incorporate the education of sustainability.
L’invention des délais. Pourquoi l’administration doit-elle répondre dans les temps ?
Authors: Baudot Pierre-Yves
Published: May 2015

Répondre dans un délai imparti aux exigences des usagers est devenu une exigence forte lancée aux administrations. À partir d’une étude portant sur la contrainte des délais au sein des maisons départementales des personnes handicapées (MDPH), cet article s’interroge sur le lien entre l’urgence des situations auxquelles ces administrations doivent répondre et la mise en place des critères de délais. Après avoir examiné le lien entre urgence des situations et organisation du travail administratif, l’auteur montre que l’injonction lancée aux administrations de répondre dans les temps est le produit des luttes internes aux MDPH, entre managers et professionnels, mais aussi à la définition du périmètre de compétences des MDPH au sein de ce que l’auteur propose d’appeler des «mondes locaux de la production des droits » .
Le non-recours à la médiation familiale. L’inadéquation du dispositif à certaines situations de séparations conjugales
Authors: Mathivet Amandine , Saint-Macary Émilie
Published: May 2015

À partir d’une enquête qualitative réalisée sur les modes de résolution des conflits auprès de personnes séparées, cet article vise à montrer l’inadéquation du dispositif de la médiation familiale avec certaines situations de séparations conjugales et, de fait, à apporter des éléments d’explication au non-recours à ce dispositif. L’étude met en évidence notamment une méconnaissance de la médiation familiale et une inadaptation du dispositif dans les cas de conflits élevés entre les parents. La médiation familiale requiert, en effet, des dispositions à échanger avec son ancien conjoint afin de trouver des compromis concernant le montant d’une pension alimentaire, le mode de garde des enfants, etc. Par ailleurs, même si on observe une tendance à la déjudiciarisation du conflit conjugal, le mode judiciaire constitue encore aujourd’hui le mode de résolution des conflits légitime et prioritaire pour des couples en situation de séparation.
An omission in the Spanish cement specifications: pouzzolanic cements
Authors: De Luxán Baquero Manuel
Published: May 2015

Not available
Use of "Aerofall" for grinding at cement plants
Authors: Témoin A.
Published: May 2015

Not available
The computer and the cement plant
Authors: Peirce S. W.
Published: May 2015

Not available
Note on Fouilloux blast furnace puzzolanic cements
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: May 2015

Not available
Modification of test method to determine CO2 by means of gravimetric calcimeter
Authors: Gippini E.
Published: May 2015

Not available
Vapour transmission elements across porous materials
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez F. J.
Published: May 2015

Not available
Study of the movement of materials in rotary kilns with aid of radioactive tracers
Authors: Grasland G.
Published: May 2015

Not available
Alkali segregation in Portland cement pastes
Authors: Triviño F.
Published: May 2015

Not available
Transformations in the course of burning
Authors: Gippini Enrique
Published: May 2015

Not available
Exploring Liminal Practices in Art, Technology, and Science
Authors: Doyle Denise
Published: May 2015

This chapter interrogates the notion of the liminal in relation to the virtual and the imaginary through a consideration of the field of art, science, and technology and current creative practices in virtual worlds and avatar-mediated space. In particular, the art project Meta-Dreamer (2009) is considered through the manifestation of the avatar as digital object. In its attempt to explore the experience of “living between worlds,” it reflects the concerns of contemporary arts practice exploration of time and space relationships. The art project is re-examined in light of key arguments in the provocative text Liminal Lives (Squier, 2004) that advocates a new approach to the liminal in light of current biomedicine and the shifting and emergent qualities of contemporary human life.
Big Data – Small World
Authors: Gwilt Ian
Published: May 2015

This chapter furthers discourse between digital data content and the creation of physical artifacts based on an interpretation of the data. Building on original research by the author, the chapter asks the questions: why should we consider translating digital data into a physical form? And what happens to how we understand, read, and relate to digital information when it is presented in this way? The author discusses whether or not the concept of the data-driven object is simply a novel visualization technique or a useful tool to add insight and accessibly to the complex language of digital data sets, for audiences unfamiliar with reading data in more conventional forms. And the author explores the issues connected to the designing of data into the material world, including fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and craft-based making techniques, together with the use of metaphor and visual language to help communicate and contextualize data.
Digitizing the Physical
Authors: Truckenbrod Joan
Published: May 2015

Intertwined with the digital realm is a parallel sphere of digital material objects. The physicality of these things play an important role as they are embedded with memories as well as personal, social, and cultural meanings and references. The pervasiveness of digitizing information, images, spaces, and objects into digital data creates an expanding virtual presence. Simultaneously, virtual objects are now being transformed into material, tactile forms. Sensors are harvesting physical information and providing important feedback. Using digital devices involves an array of electronic rituals that have evolved. These ritualistic behaviors function in a similar manner to the performance of ritual and ceremony in indigenous cultures. This chapter examines the function of these digital rituals, with the physical residue deposited by these rituals and ceremonies. Material objects created by digital processes are powerful and play an important role socially, culturally, and spiritually.
The Virtual, Alternate Spaces, and the Effects upon Artwork
Authors: Payne Alistair James
Published: May 2015

This chapter explores the philosophical notion of The Virtual in response to the writings of Gilles Deleuze and unfolds this thinking through its interdisciplinary and transformative effects upon contemporary fine art. The Virtual is discussed in relation to forms of contemporary painting, yet the chapter provides a model for thinking through interdisciplinarity within, and from, other media. The research investigates the perceived resistance of painting to explore external possibilities and introduces methodological strategies, which encounter externality as a means for establishing radical change. In this way, the Virtual acts as an instigator for change, which effectively destabilises the pre-formity attached to medium specific practices. It is for this reason that the Virtual forces external relationships and connections to come to the fore in order to radically alter and transform the physical and conceptual constructs of different disciplines. Alongside the discussion of the Virtual and its direct affects upon artistic practices, the chapter discusses literary models including hybridity and metamorphosis as potential key elements affecting transformative change.
Using Virtual Environments to Achieve Learner Outcomes in Interprofessional Healthcare Education
Authors: Aebersold Michelle , Tschannen Dana
Published: May 2015

The use of simulation in the training of healthcare professionals has become an essential part of the educational experience. Students and practitioners need to learn a variety of technical, interpersonal, and clinical judgment skills to be effective healthcare practitioners. Virtual simulation can provide an effective training method to facilitate learning and can be targeted to develop specific skills in the area of Interprofessional Education (IPE). This chapter reviews the literature around simulation techniques and outlines a development process that can be used to develop virtual simulations to meet a variety of learning objectives including IPE. Specific issues and solutions are also presented to ensure a successful educational experience.
Using Spatial Reasoning for Creative Design
Authors: Schroeder D. Craig , Lee Carl W. , Mohr-Schroeder Margaret J.
Published: May 2015

With the adoption and implementation of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics and the Next Generation Science Standards, teachers are being called upon now more than ever before to regularly utilize and incorporate mathematics, science, and engineering practices in order to deepen students' understanding of the content they are learning, make broader connections to the STEM disciplines, and to ultimately help to strengthen the STEM pipeline. This chapter describes how teachers can use SketchUp as a tool to implement the practices through creative design into their own classrooms. The premise and basics of SketchUp are shared as well as a rich creative design project that develops spatial reasoning in middle grades students.
Digital Parrhesia 2.0
Authors: Allard-Huver François , Gilewicz Nicholas
Published: May 2015

Deceptive communications strategies are further problematized in digital space. Because digitally mediated communication easily accommodates pseudonymous and anonymous speech, digital ethos depends upon finding the proper balance between the ability to create pseudonymous and anonymous online presences and the public need for transparency in public speech. Analyzing such content requires analyzing media forms and the honesty of speakers themselves. This chapter applies Michel Foucault's articulation of parrhesia—the ability to speak freely and the concomitant public duties it requires of speakers—to digital communication. It first theorizes digital parrhesia, then outlines a techno-semiotic methodological approach with which researchers—and the public—can consider online advocacy speech. The chapter then analyzes one case of astroturfing, and one of sockpuppteting, using this techno-semiotic method to indicate the generalizability of the theory of digital parrhesia, and the utility of the techno-semiotic approach.
Crafting Smart Cities in the Gulf Region
Authors: Tok Evren , McSparren Jason James , Al Merekhi Maha , Elghaish Hanaa , Ali Fatema Mohamed
Published: May 2015

This chapter looks at these trajectories by specifically focusing on the interstices of smart cities and competitiveness through the role played by communication technologies. An initial question to tackle pertains to the definition of a smart city, as this concept is used in diverse ways in the literature. Transforming the cities into smart ones is a newly emerging strategy to deal with the problems created by the urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Smart city is often defined as an icon of a sustainable and livable city. Why are Gulf countries investing in smart cities? Is the emergence of smart cities a mere reflection or neoliberal urbanization or are there other dynamics that we need to take into consideration? This chapter attempts to convey the message that smart cities are crucial means of building social capital and also attaining better governance mechanisms in the Gulf.
The Evolution of Agrarian Structures in Romania
Authors: Jean-Vasile Andrei
Published: May 2015

The agricultural potential, and especially valuing its main components, represents one of the major challenges for a country with great accent on agriculture in condition of achieving best outcomes with high impact on inland economic developments. The evolution of the agrarian structures in Romania reveals the main economic and political changes of the last fifty years and two administrative regimes. In this context, the main aim of the present chapter is to analyze the evolution of the Romanian agrarian structures and the main changes which took place in the agricultural system, and the structural implication of the transition to the free market economy in the agricultural sector.
Enabling Accessibility Features in Enhanced VR Environments for Supporting Spatial Abilities and Social Interaction in Elderly and MCI Patients
Authors: Segkouli Sofia , Paliokas Ioannis , Tsakiris Thanos , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: May 2015

This chapter addresses the critical issue of usability evaluation of interfaces by elderly users and the accessibility limitations concerning the infotainment domain of virtual spaces. The main idea behind this research is to achieve a shift in more adaptive HCI used in infotainment applications and in particular in socially aware 3D Virtual Environments (Metaverses) like Second Life. Among the main goals of the present work is to examine the ability of older persons and users with Mild Cognitive Impairments (MCI) that are familiarized with computers and VR environments, to access and navigate effectively through realistic scenarios based on daily simple activities. Findings propose better design practices for industrial HCI engineers to enhance the quality of interaction with Metaverses by customizing both the immersive and 2D interfaces to the needs and preferences of the special user groups mentioned before.
Active RFID System with Embedded Wireless Sensor Network for Reliable Data Communication
Authors: Abdulla Raed , Ismail Widad
Published: May 2015

Reducing power consumption and per-hop latency are major challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), when network nodes or “tags” must be battery-powered. On the other hand, reducing transition overhead in RFID technology is crucial for efficient data collection and quick recognition of multiple tags. This chapter presents the method of analysis performed and explains the calculations used to evaluate the various performance behaviors based on the following mechanisms: (1) a duty cycle complying with the IEEE802.15.4 standard when assuming a fixed set of tags and free operating conditions. The system can be regarded as Reader Talk First (RTF), which is implemented during a tag collection process executed at the beginning of the system activation. (2) Wake-Up Mechanism, the tag transmits an identification packet to the reader and then waits for an Acknowledgment signal from the reader.
Adaptive IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kavian Yousef S. , Rasouli Hadi
Published: May 2015

The energy efficiency is a main challenging issue for employing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in extreme environments where the media access progress consumes the main part of network energy. The IEEE 802.15.4 is adopted in low complexity, ultra-low power and low data rate wireless sensor applications where the energy consumption of nodes should be managed carefully in harsh and inaccessible environments. The beacon-enabled mode of the IEEE 802.15.4 provides a power management scheme. When the network traffic is variable, this mode does not work as well and the coordinator is not capable for estimating the network traffic and adjusting proper duty cycle dynamically. In this chapter an approach for estimating network traffic in star topology is proposed to overcome this issue where the coordinator could estimate the network traffic and dynamically adjusts duty cycle proportion to the variation of network traffic. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of proposed approach for improving the energy consumption, throughput and delay in comparison with the IEEE 802.15.4 under different traffic conditions.
Reliability Evaluation Methods for Resilient Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ansari M. Saeed , Mahani Ali
Published: May 2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed for various applications such as military applications, environmental monitoring, security and surveillance, health care applications and so on. In most of these applications, reliable data transport is of great importance and also a facet of quality of service (QoS). This chapter discusses reliable data transport approaches and protocols. The presented protocols should be energy efficient besides they guarantee reliability in data transmission. The authors review protocols mostly based on packet and event reliability taking advantage of retransmission and redundancy mechanisms. In addition, network component failures and fault tolerant techniques should be also considered in reliable WSN designs. Since different reliability evaluation modeling approaches is presented. Finally the authors highlight the challenges to WSNs reliability enhancement and some future research directions are addressed in particular.
RSS-Based Outdoor Localization with Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice
Authors: Stoyanova Tsenka , Kerasiotis Fotis , Papadopoulos George
Published: May 2015

In this chapter the authors discuss the feasibility of sensor node localization by exploiting the inherent resources of WSN technology, such as the received signal strength (RSS) of the exchanged messages. The authors also present a brief overview of various factors influencing the RSS, including the RF-signal propagation and other topology parameters which influence the localization process and accuracy. Moreover, the RSS variability due to internal factors, related to the hardware implementation of a sensor node, is investigated in order to be considered in simulations of RSS-based outdoor localization scenarios. Localization considerations referring to techniques, topology parameters and factors influencing the localization accuracy are combined in simulation examples to evaluate their significance concerning target positioning performance. Finally, the RF propagation model and the topology parameters being identified are validated in real outdoor localization scenario.
Optimization of In-Wheel Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Car
Authors: Msaddek Hejra , Mansouri Ali , Hafedh Trabelsi
Published: May 2015

The objective of this work is to find the optimal geometric parameters for the design of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with inversed structure (outer rotor) for electric vehicles applications. Firstly, the machine model is presented with a special attention given to the calculation of the mass and engine efficiency. A multi objective optimization based on the genetic algorithm is then implemented. It will determine the parameters values that optimize the chosen criteria while respecting the specifications: to minimizing the total mass and maximizing the machine efficiency. Finally, 2D steady-state finite element analysis is used for to verify the results given by the optimization method.
Energy Management for Photovoltaic Irrigation with a Battery Bank
Authors: Yahyaoui Imene , Chaabene Maher , Tadeo Fernando
Published: May 2015

A proposal for energy management in an off-grid photovoltaic pumping and irrigation system is presented and evaluated for a specific case study. The system is assumed to be based on off-the-shelf components (photovoltaic panels, battery banks, DC/AC converters, relays, submergible pumps, etc.), with a microcontroller-based energy management system, deciding when to disconnect the load from the photovoltaic panels or the battery, or the battery from the photovoltaic panels. The aim is to reduce the battery bank us, but always fulfilling the irrigation demand. Using a specific case study (for tomatoes irrigation in Tunisia), the proposal is evaluated, showing that it fulfills the irrigation water demand, using the batteries only when really needed.
Solar Reflective Pigment of TiO2 Nanoparticle Coated on Mica and Thermal Property of its Isolation-Heat Paint
Authors: Lee Hyun Jin , Kim Dae Sung , Lee Seung Ho , Choi Byung Ki , Kang Kwang Choong
Published: May 2015

TiO2 coated mica (TiO2/Mica) as solar reflective pigment was prepared under hydrothermal treatment. Dispersed TiO2 nanosol, having an average particle size of about 25-30nm, was coated on mica flake by the difference between the surface charge of the particles at pH 2 and then calcined at 850°C to stabilize the coated layer on mica. The CIE color coordinate and total solar reflectance (TSR) properties of these pigments were investigated in relation to thickness variation of TiO2 layer coated on mica having various lateral sizes. Dense and uniform TiO2 layers were tightly coated on the surfaces on mica substrates. Isolation-heat paints were prepared with 20wt% pigments fully dispersed in acryl-urethane resin and several additives to coat the film uniformly. Thermal property of these films, recorded by an isolation-heat measuring system, was observed for the relationship of TSR value according to the thickness of TiO2 layer and mica’s lateral size, compared to TiO2 itself.
Synthesis of Anatase and Rutile TiO2 Crystals for High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ramelan Ari Handono , Saputro Sulistyo , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Khoirunisa Ajeng , Supriyanto Edy , Gareso Paulus Lobo
Published: May 2015

TiO2 nanosize particles have attracted significant interest of materials scientists and physicists due to their special properties and have attained a great importance in several technological applications such as photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells and memory devices. TiO2 nanoparticles can be produced by a variety of techniques ranging from simple chemical to mechanical to vacuum methods, including many variants of physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques. In the present research work we report the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by Sol-Gel technique. The characterization of particles was carried out by XRD and SEM techniques. The importance and applications of these nanoparticles for solar cells are also discussed in this work. Recently, the importance of tailored particles has been recognized in a number of applications such as solar cells and photonic crystals. Among the many metal oxides and their inorganic-organic hybrid materials used for the above applications, one of the most important and complex in this regard is titanium dioxide (titania). In this study, the processing parameters in an alkoxide free sol-gel synthesis of anatase titania nanoparticles were investigated. Factors affecting the sol-gel process include the reactivity of inorganic titanium salt, calcinations temperature, the influence of varying stirrer speeds on the formation of anatase particles, and the nature of hydrolytic solvent and peptisation reagent. By varying these processing parameters, materials with different microstructure and surface chemistry can be obtained.
Influence of Spindle Speed on Exit Burr Height in Drilling Forging Brass
Authors: Timata Manit , Saikaew Charnnarong
Published: May 2015

In the drilling of forging materials, exit burrs are produced on the end of hole and had some undesirable characters leading to assembly quality problem. Deburring is one of the practical techniques used to solve this problem. However, this technique is a time consuming and causes high operation cost. Hence this work presented an experimental study in drilling forging brass using special tungsten carbide drilling tools. The exit burr size was evaluated at various spindle speeds and lot size. Effect of spindle speed on exit burr height was investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of ANOVA indicated that the spindle speed of 415 rpm gave lowest exit burr height and produced higher quantity and quality of products.
The Synthesis and Structure of Anodized Titania Nanotubes for Energy Conversion Materials
Authors: Vongwatthaporn Rinnatha , Kodtharin Narongsak , Tipparach Udom
Published: May 2015

Titania nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) photoanodes were synthesized by anodization method. The electrolytes were the mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (0.3 wt % NH4F) and deionized water (2 Vol % H2O) with different concentrations of dopant Fe (NO3)3∙9H2O. A constant dc power supply at 50 V was used as anodic voltage. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. The resultant products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their microstructure when TiO2 NTs were doped with different amounts of Fe atoms. The diameters of TiO2 NTs were about60-120 nm. The highest density of TiO2 NTs was obtained when the nanotubes were doped with 0.01 M of Fe.
Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Polydimethylsiloxane Nanomembrane for Chiral Separation
Authors: Masdar Non Daina , Mahmud Abdul Hadi , Mohd Ali Mohd Tajudin , Ismail Syarifah Nursyimi Azlina Syed , Tajuddin Ruziyati , Saim Norashikin , Md Jani Abd Mutalib
Published: May 2015

Polydimethylsiloxane-2-[2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-propionylamino]
-3-phenyl-propanoic acid (PDMS-BCPA) is a newly developed stereo-specific membrane that interacts with S configuration of enantiomers as chiral recognition sites. In this study, realization of PDMS-BCPA nanomembrane was achieved via anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template synthesis approach followed by the attachment of synthesized chiral selector (BCPA) using simple immersion method. The effect of surface modification and the attachment with chiral selector were investigated and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) methods. The characterization via these methods indicates the synthesized BCPA as chiral selector was successfully attached onto the PDMS surface. The enantioselectivity of PDMS-BCPA nanomembrane was verified by the separation of alpha cypermethrin enantiomer.
Size-Dependent Photoelectrochemical Properties of Nanostructured WO3 Thin Films Synthesized via Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Zhu Tao , Chong Meng Nan , Chan Eng Seng
Published: May 2015

The main aim of this study was to investigate size-dependent effect on the photoelectrochemical properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films synthesized via electrochemical method. Firstly, the nanostructured WO3 thin films of different crystalline sizes were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass working electrodes followed by controlled annealing treatment at temperature of 100-600°C. The resultant nanostructured WO3 thin films were further characterized using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photocurrent density measurements. Through FE-SEM analysis, it was found that the WO3 crystalline size increases with increasing annealing temperature that resulted in elevated photocurrent per unit area of the synthesized nanostructured WO3 thin films. Finally, it was observed that the highest photocurrent density of up to 35μA/cm2 was attained for WO3 crystallines size of 86nm that formed at the annealing temperature of 600°C.
Ultrananocrystalline Diamond/Amorphous Carbon Composite Films Prepared by Laser Ablation of Graphite in Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Al-Riyami Sausan , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2015

Nitrogenated ultrananocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon composite films were prepared in hydrogen and nitrogen mixed-gas atmospheres by pulsed laser deposition using graphite targets. The electrical conductivity in n-type conduction remarkably increase at room temperature with an increase in the nitrogen content. In the nitrogen content range from 7.9 to 10.4 at.%, the electrical conductivity is dramatically decreased and this accompanied by the disappearance of diamond grains in the films. Grain boundaries owing to the existence of diamond grains embedded in UNCD/a-C:H films, which is structural specific to UNCD/a-C:H, should play a significant role in the large electrical conductivity enhancement by nitrogen doping. The X-ray photoemission and near-edge X-ray fine-absorption spectroscopic measurements could not detect an evident difference in the spectra that explain the sudden irregular change in the electrical conductivity
Effect of Biogas Volume Flow Rate and Burner Temperature on Moisture Content of Organic Fertilizer in a Rotary Drying Process
Authors: Sonsiri Anuwit , Radpukdee Thana
Published: May 2015

Different factors can influence the moisture content of product in an organic fertilizer drying process. In this study, biogas volume flow rate and burner temperature were systematically studied in an effort to ascertain their effect on the moisture content of organic fertilizer grain that had been subjected to rotary drum indirect heating procedures. It was found that these two factors did major effect on the moisture content of organic fertilizer in a rotary drum drying process. Additionally, it was also discovered that acceptable organic fertilizer moisture content occurred when the rotary drum drier utilized both the biogas volume flow rate of 0.058 m3/min. in combination with the drying temperature of 500°C while the percentage of biogas blower and burner operation were reduced by 22.67 % and 9.1%, respectively.
Possibilities of Using Alternative Materials as a Substitute Binder or Filler into Composites
Authors: Števulová Nadežda , Schwarzova Ivana , Hospodarova Viola , Junak Jozef , Ondova Marcela , Vaclavik Vojtech
Published: May 2015

This article reports on the possibilities of using selected alternative materials like hemp fibres, MgO-cement, recycled concrete, fly ash and steel slag as binder or filler replacement in composite materials in civil engineering production. These binder or filler substitutes were mixed into composites and their compressive strength was tested.
The paper is divided into four parts providing the results of experiments. In first part strength parameters of lightweight composites based on natural fibres (hemp hurds) and alternative binder (MgO-cement) are presented. Compressive strength values of concrete samples with partial replacement of cement with mechanochemically activated coal fly ash are given. The third and forth part is aimed to utilization of recycled concrete and steel slag as a natural aggregate replacement in concrete mixture for purpose of structural concrete and surface roads.
Physical Parameters Affecting on the Electrode Performance for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
Authors: Rachid Chebbi , Wan Daud Wan Ramli , Abdellah Beicha , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: May 2015

Physical parameters effects are considered as sticking point to increase and decrease the electrode performance for PEMFCs, which is related to the electrode structural degradation under diverse operating conditions, such as various air and hydrogen pressures, humidifier temperatures, and air and hydrogen flow rates. The operating for electrode prepared with 20 wt% Pt loaded 0.3 mgPt/cm2 in single cell (25 cm2) showed that diverse parameters as pressures, humidifier temperatures, flow rate of air /hydrogen have an effects on the electrode performance. Results show better power density for high pressure, high air flow rate, and for low humidifier temperature, low H2 flow rate. The increase in pressure ratio results increases in the current density and power density from 91.96 to 99.96 mA/cm2 and from 32.56{mW/cm2} to 35.48 {mW/cm2} for an air/H2 ratio of 1/0.5 bar and 3/2 bar, respectively. The hydrogen and air flow with the stoichiometry coefficient ratio 2/1 is the best value to achieve better performance by a flow rate of 0.3 L/min for H2 and 0.6 L/min for air, which correspond to a current density and power density of 103.96{mA/cm2} and 31.56{mW/cm2}.
Enhancement of Surface Properties on Films of Waterborne-Polyurethane Hybridized by Highly Dispersed and Aluminate-Modified Silica Sol
Authors: Lee Sang Nam , Kim Dae Sung , Lee Ki Bong , Lee Seung Ho , Lim Hyung Mi , Park Seong Soo , Lee Gun Dae
Published: May 2015

The reinforced clear coat on glass substrate was prepared by coating waterborne-polyurethane hybridized by silica sol or aluminate modified silica sol. To enhance the physicochemical property of the film, aluminate modified silica particle was prepared by the interaction between sodium aluminate and cation-exchanged silica. The hybrid thin films were developed in the range of the modified silica content varying from 0 to 20 wt%. The film, containing the modified silica content of 16 wt%, exhibits markedly improved properties as compared to the neat polyurethane and the polyurethane containing silica particle; e.g., an improved hardness, chemical and abrasion resistance, with maintaining the transparence. However, the film transparence was decreased with modified silica content above 18 wt%, and its hardness was not improved with its content below 14 wt%.
Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of a Reinforced PMMA-Based Hip Spacer
Authors: Bouziane Mohamed Mokhtar , Salah H. , Benbarek Smail , Bachir Bouiadjra Bel Abbès , Serier B.
Published: May 2015

The designs of hip joint prostheses have an influence on both the quality of the metal–bone cement contact and the failure rate of the cement mantle. The designers of implant systems must confront biomaterial and biomechanical problems, including in vivo forces on implants, load transmission to the interface, and interfacial tissue response. Cement spacers are being increasingly used for revision arthroplasties. In this study, a three-dimensional finite elements method is used to analyse the mechanical behaviour of the reinforced spacer out of the bone cement (PMMA) by computing the maximum stress. One of the most important factors in the reinforce design is to reduce the stress on the bone cement and the femur. The static load analysis is based, by selecting the peak load during the normal walking activity. Results show that, Von Mises stress is significantly reduced in the cement bone of full-stem and rod reinforced spacers.
Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Bio Polymer Matrix Composites for Biomedical Prosthesis Applications
Authors: Zameer Syed , Haneef Mohamed
Published: May 2015

Due to limitations of Conventional metallic biomaterials an attempt is made to develop a new hybrid polymer matrix composite for load bearing applications of Hip joints in the human body. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene matrix material was blended with 50 wt% of short E-glass fibres and TiO2 particles with varying percentage of reinforcement, using injection moulding machine. Fabricated composites specimens were subjected to tensile strength test, Fatigue test, SEM, Wear analysis test and In vivo Biocompatibility test to evaluate mechanical and tribological properties, required for bone joints load bearing applications. The maximum tensile strength of 41.5 MPa and young’s modulus of 7.5 GPa is obtained. The behavior of S-N curve obtained after the test is linear in nature, which leads to failure at 105 cycles for the fabricated composite specimen. Also it reveals that fracture is due to brittle failure. The wear mechanism of composite specimen is, because of abrasion. Density of composite specimens was increased after dipping in the simulated body fluid solution.
The Role of Twinned and Detwinned Structures on Memory Behaviour of Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Adiguzel Osman
Published: May 2015

Shape memory alloys have a peculiar property to return to a previously defined shape or dimension when they are subjected to variation of temperature. Shape memory effect is facilitated by martensitic transformation governed by changes in the crystalline structure of the material. Martensitic transformations are first order lattice-distorting phase transformations and occur with the cooperative movement of atoms by means of lattice invariant shears in the materials on cooling from high temperature parent phase region.
The material cycles between the deformed and original shapes on cooling and heating in reversible shape memory effect. Thermal induced martensite occurs as twinned martensite, and the twinned martensite structures turn into detwinned structures by deforming the material in the martensitic condition. Deformation of shape memory alloys in martensitic state proceeds through a martensite variant reorientation. The deformed material recovers the original shape on first heating over the austenite finish temperature in reversible and irreversible shape memory cases.
Meanwhile, the parent phase structure returns to the twinned structure in irreversible shape memory effect on cooling below to martensite finish temperature and to the detwinned structure in reversible shape memory effect. Therefore, the twinning and detwinning processes have great importance in the shape memory behaviour of the materials.
Copper based alloys exhibit this property in metastable β-phase region, which has bcc-based structures at high temperature parent phase field, and these structures martensitically turn into layered complex structures with lattice twinning following two ordered reactions on cooling.