bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin‐Struktur, XXX. Ringschlußreaktionen ausgehend von Bicyclo [3.3.1]nonandion‐(3.7)
Authors: Stetter Hermann , Tacke Peter , Gärtner Jürgen
Published: June 2007

Die katalytische Hydrierung von Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonandion‐(3.7) (I) führte in glatter Reaktion zu 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxa‐adamantan (III), das nach Austausch der Hydroxylgruppe gegen Halogen und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung das bereits bekannte 2‐Oxa‐adamantan (VII) liefert. Die Kinetik der Solvolyse des 1‐Brom‐2‐oxa‐adamantans wurde verglichen mit der des 1‐Brom‐adamantans. Die reduktive Umsetzung von Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonandion‐(3.7) mit Ammoniak bzw. Methylamin ergab das bisher noch unbekannte Ringsystem des 2‐Aza‐adamantans. Als primäre Reaktionsprodukte wurden 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐aza‐adamantane (X, XI) erhalten, bei denen nach Austausch der Hydroxylgruppe gegen Chlor und anschließender reduktiver Entfernung des Halogens die in 1‐Stellung unsubstituierten 2‐Aza‐adamantane gebildet wurden.
Chemie nucleophiler Carbene, VII. Reaktion des Bis‐[1.3‐diphenyl‐imidazolidinylidens‐(2)] mit 9‐Diazo‐fluoren und Schwefel
Authors: Wanzlick Hans‐Werner , König Barbara
Published: June 2007

Das „Dimere”︁ I setzt sich mit 9‐Diazo‐fluoren zum Azin V um. Mit Schwefel wird 1.3‐Diphenyl‐imidazolidin‐thion‐(2) erhalten. Diese Befunde werden mit Forschungsergebnissen von H. REIMLINGER und A. SCHÖNBERG et. al. verglichen.
Does Heart Failure Therapy Differ According to Patient Sex?
Authors: Lupón Josep , Urrutia Agustín , González Beatriz , Díez Crisanto , Altimir Salvador , Albaladejo Carlos , Pascual Teresa , Rey‐Joly Celestino , Valle Vicente
Published: June 2007

Objectives

To assess differences in clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome between men and women with heart failure (HF) treated at a multidisciplinary HF unit. All patients had their first unit visit between August 2001 and April 2004.

Patients

We studied 350 patients, 256 men, with a mean age of 65 ± 10.6 years. In order to assess the pharmacological intervention more homogeneously, the analysis was made at one year of follow‐up.

Results

Women were significantly older than men (69 ± 8.8 years vs. 63.6 ± 10.9 years, p < 0.001). Significant differences were found in the HF etiology and in co‐morbidities. A higher proportion of men were treated with ACEI (83% vs. 68%, p < 0.001) while more women received ARB (18% vs. 8%, p = 0.006), resulting in a similar percentage of patients receiving either of these two drugs (men 91% vs. women 87%). No significant differences were observed in the percentage of patients receiving beta‐blockers, loop diuretics, spironolactone, anticoagulants, amiodarone, nitrates or statins. More women received digoxin (39% vs. 22%, p = 0.001) and more men aspirin (41% vs. 31%, p = 0.004). Carvedilol doses were higher in men (29.4 ± 18.6 vs. 23.8 ± 16.4, p = 0.03), ACEI doses were similar between sexes, and furosemide doses were higher in women (66 mg ± 26.2 vs. 56 mg ± 26.2, p < 0.05). Mortality at 1 year after treatment analysis was similar between sexes (10.4% men vs. 10.5% women).

Conclusions

Despite significant differences in age, etiology and co‐morbidities, differences in treatment between men and women treated at a multidisciplinary HF unit were small. Mortality at 1 year after treatment analysis was similar for both sexes. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amphiphilic Organic Ion Pairs in Solution: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Pradines Vincent , Poteau Romuald , Pimienta Veronique
Published: June 2007

The macroscopic manifestation of hydrophobic interactions for amphiphilic organic ion pairs (tetraalkylammonium–anion) has been shown experimentally by measuring their association constants and their affinity with the organic phase. Beyond a certain size, there is a direct relation between association constants and chain lengths in tetraalkylammonium ions. We propose to cast a bridge between these results and geometrical properties considered at the level of a single ion pair by means of quantum chemistry calculations performed on model systems: trimethylalkylammonium–pentyl sulfate instead of tetraalkylammonium–dodecyl sulfate. Two limiting cases are considered: head‐to‐head configurations, which yield an optimal electrostatic interaction between polar heads, and parallel configurations with a balance between electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. All properties (geometries, complexation energies, and atomic charges) were obtained at the MP2 level of calculation, with water described by a continuum model (CPCM). Dispersion forces link hydrocarbon chains of tetraalkylammonium ions and pentyl sulfate, thus yielding (for the largest ion pairs) parallel configurations favored with respect to head‐to‐head geometries by solute–solvent electrostatic interactions. Given the small experimental association energies, we probe the accuracy limit of the MP2 and CPCM methods. However, clear trends are obtained as a function of chain length, which agree with the experimental observations. The calculated monotonic stabilization of ion pairs when the hydrocarbon chain increases in length is discussed in terms of electrostatic interactions (between ions and between ion pairs and water), dispersion forces, and cavitation energies.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of Some Heterodimetallic Bisporphyrins of Ytterbium and Transition Metals – Enhancement and Lifetime Extension of Yb3+ Emission by Transition‐Metal Porphyrin Sensitization
Authors: Jiang Feng‐Lei , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Zhu Xun‐Jin , Zhou Gui‐Jiang , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Wu Po‐Lam , Tam Hoi‐Lam , Cheah Kok‐Wai , Ye Cheng , Liu Yi
Published: June 2007

A series of d‐f heterodimetallic bisporphyrin complexes (YbZn, YbPd, and YbPt), in which a YbIII porphyrinate moiety is linked to a transition‐metal porphyrinate moiety by a flexible three‐carbon chain, were synthesized. They were fully characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption, andfluorescence methods. Variable‐temperature near‐infrared photoluminescence studies showed that the transition‐metal porphyrinate moiety would enhance the ytterbium(III) emission centered at about 998 nm and extend its emission lifetime. YbPd and YbPt showed large two‐photon absorption cross‐section values because of the interaction between the porphyrin units, which caused a loss of centrosymmetry. Optical limiting investigation demonstrated that [Yb(TPP)(LOMe)] and YbPt have comparable performance to C60 by virtue of their heavy‐metal effect. Our results indicate that these bisporphyrin dimetallic complexes will find valuable applications in the field of nonlinear optics. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Champ or chump: strategic utilization of dual social identities of others
Authors: Stelzl Monika , Janes Leslie , Seligman Clive
Published: June 2007

The Jamaican‐born, Canadian sprinter, Ben Johnson, won the gold medal at the 1988 Olympics, but afterward was disqualified for steroid use. At the time Johnson's identity in the Canadian media appeared to shift—he was ‘Canadian’ after winning the gold medal but ‘Jamaican’ after disqualification. We tested this hypothesis via an archival study of a newspaper database of Canadian newspapers. The results confirmed the speculation. In the second study with Canadian research participants, the nationality of a fictional athlete was experimentally manipulated. He either possessed Canadian‐ American (shared) or Belgian‐American (non‐shared) identity. The athlete's performance outcome at an Olympic event was also manipulated. In the shared identity condition the athlete was perceived as more Canadian when he won than when he lost. There were no significant differences in nationality judgment when neither of the athlete's dual nationalities was Canadian. Results regarding perceptions of similarity paralleled the nationality‐ratings results. Findings from these two studies illustrate an interesting extension of BIRGing and CORFing strategies in which multiple social identities of others are used strategically to include or exclude others from the in‐group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐impulsive bulimia: Description of an inpatient eclectic treatment programme and a pilot follow‐up study of its efficacy
Authors: Lacey J. Hubert , Read Timothy R. C.
Published: June 2007

This paper describes an inpatient treatment programme specifically designed for normal weight bulimia nervosa patients who have a co‐morbidity marked by alcohol and drug abuse, ‘cutting’, repeated overdosing or stealing, or sexual disinhibition (multiimpulsive bulimia). The programme uses a rigorous ward regime and simple behavioural counselling, under the direction of a nurse‐counsellor to bring control to the many addictive and self‐damaging behaviours. The underlying emotional and personality issues are addressed by focal‐interpretive (psychodynamic) and cognitive techniques in both group and individual sessions. Major use is made of creative therapies and reality‐orientated therapies. General psychodynamic groups are mixed with focal groups using cognitive techniques. Patients respond well and the improvement in symptomatology is maintained during follow‐up. Those patients who describe poor peer relationships in adolescence and who find engagement in psychotherapy difficult, do poorly.
Maternal recall of management of childhood eating in anorexic and bulimic women: Maintaining food fussiness
Authors: Machan Julie , Waller Glenn
Published: June 2007

In a preliminary study, mothers' recalled control of food fussiness in their children was examined, to establish whether its effect differed between eating‐disordered and non‐eating‐disordered women. Overall, maternal use of reward maintained the fussiness (rather than reducing it), in keeping with the findings of previous research. This recalled effect occurred at an earlier age for the eating‐disordered women. It is suggested that this temporal disparity may be linked to a general level of early overconcern on the part of mothers of children who will later present with eating disorders.
Why Do We Diagnose Different Types of Eating Disorder? Arguments for a Change in Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Waller Glenn
Published: June 2007

It is argued that the diagnosis of different types of eating disorders lacks either scientific validity or clinical utility, and that the forthcoming elaboration of diagnostic schemes (DSM‐IV) is unlikely to improve matters. The central problem with the diagnosiscentred model of the eating disorders seems to be that it is based on an inappropriate model of clinical practice, focusing on syndromes rather than symptoms. However, it would be equally invalid to assume that there is little or no similarity across eatingdisorder sufferers, as suggested by an individual‐centred model. Our understanding of the psychopathology and treatment of the eating disorders would benefit from employing a more clinically‐appropriate model of practice—the ‘scientist practitioner’ model. Discarding specific diagnoses and using this model would help to make clinical practice and research in the eating disorders more mutually informative.
The experience and impact of pregnancy in bulimia nervosa: A series of case studies
Authors: Lewis Linda , le Grange Daniel
Published: June 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of pregnancy on women suffering from bulimia nervosa. Six mothers completed several rating scales and participated in a semi‐structured interview. These were used to construct a case study of the subjects with regard to their emotional experiences during pregnancy and their eating pathology during and following the pregnancy. Fears commonly experienced during the course of pregnancy included losing control of their eating and weight, causing damage to the unborn child by engaging in bulimic practices and not being able to cope with a newborn infant. With regard to eating pathology during pregnancy, subjects did not experience an amelioration in bulimic symptoms. In the puerperium there was a resurgence of bulimic symptoms for all women either at a level of severity equal to or worse than before conception. Albeit tentative, pregnancy does not seem to provide women with an opportunity for recovery from bulimia nervosa and pregnancy may, in some cases, result in an exacerbation of bulimic symptoms.
Problems and possibilities of the prevention of eating disorders
Authors: Noordenbos Greta
Published: June 2007

Research to improve the possibilities of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention is desirable, because many young women in western societies develop eating disorders, which are difficult to treat. It usually takes a long time before people with an eating disorder improve or recover from it (Herzog et al. 1992b). Researchers have shown that the shorter the duration of the eating disorder, the better the prognosis for recovery (Morgan and Russell, 1975; Herzog et al. 1992a). Prevention, however, is not easy to realize. There are many problems to be solved. In this article, I will firstly present the most important problems of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. In the second place, I will make some suggestions concerning prevention of eating disorders, and make a plea for an integrated model for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
The aetiology of eating disorders: A hypothesis of the interplay between social, cultural and biological factors
Authors: Raphael Frances J. , Lacey J. Hubert
Published: June 2007

Eating disorders, though recognized for centuries, are increasing in prevalence. The increase in rate is particularly remarkable over the last 30–40 years. The article considers how social function stems from biological function and evolution. It also shows how biological function may hamper social development to the detriment of individuals and that anorexia nervosa may stem from this. Social and cultural influences relevant to this change are examined, especially the conflicting roles which women find themselves balancing. Reference is made to the representation of women in the media. Reference is made also to the role of those external agencies which have historically controlled populations (both men and women), such as religious bodies and governments, but which to some extent have been rejected. Evidence from indepth studies of women with eating disorders and from transcultural studies are included to support the authors' ideas.
Multiple family weight pathology and outcome in anorexia nervosa: A longitudinal case study
Authors: Gowers Simon G. , Weaver Andrew
Published: June 2007

A prospective family case study was conducted whilst one member, a 14‐year‐old girl, underwent individual outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. Despite her being a twin within a family with multiple weight and other pathologies, substantial recovery was achieved and continued at two‐year follow‐up. Evidence of decompensation in other family members was suggested by clinical interview data but not by concurrent self‐report measures of eating disorder or neurotic symptomatology.
Eating attitudes and behaviours in a swiss student sample: Some preliminary results
Authors: Buddeberg‐Fischer Barbara , Sieber Martin , Bernet Rita , Buddeberg Claus
Published: June 2007

This paper reports the results of a pilot study of eating attitudes and behaviours of 150 female and male students, 15‐20 years of age. Screening with the EAT‐26 revealed 6.4 per cent of the 78 girls scoring in the high‐risk range (⩾ 20 points). Of the females 14 per cent and 4.2 per cent of the males fell in the low‐risk range (10‐19 points). The additionally administered questionnaires showed significant differences between female and male adolescents but few differences between the risk and the non‐risk female group. Further steps in a larger epidemiological study are discussed to find out more details of the development of disturbed eating behaviours and their influence of turning to eating disorders.
Dental aspects of bulimia nervosa: Implications for the health care team
Authors: Harwood M. P. , Newton J. T.
Published: June 2007

This paper reviews the published literature regarding the oral signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa and discusses the benefits of involving the dental profession in the early identification of suspected cases. It is argued that the primary care dental team can act as a valuable resource to mental health professionals provided that liaison and mutual education take place.

The oral manifestations of bulimia nervosa include increased levels of dental caries, sensitivity to hot and cold substances, dry mouth, enamel erosion and occasionally swelling of the parotid salivary gland. These signs can develop within six months of the onset of bulimia nervosa. The general dental practitioner is ideally placed to pick up these early warning signs. The oral condition may be controlled through local measures but the true value of the involvement of the dental practitioner may only be realized if they are made aware of the importance of early referral for specialist advice and management of the underlying condition and the consequent improvement in prognosis. Recent work has suggested that many dental practitioners are unaware of oral signs that may indicate the existence of bulimia nervosa and tend to restrict management to the local oral problem.
The eating disorders awareness test: A new instrument for the assessment of the effectiveness of psychoeducational approaches to the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Schmidt Ulrike , Ali Shirine , Slone Gaynor , Tiller Jane , Treasure Janet
Published: June 2007

A consecutive series of 76 patients with ICD‐10 bulimia nervosa or atypical bulimia nervosa (WHO, 1992) were given the Eating Disorders Awareness Test (EDAT) to assess patients' awareness of the risks and maintaining factors of their disorder. Control subjects were 88 female college students and 20 health professionals interested in the treatment of eating disorders. There were no differences between patients and control subjects in terms of their knowledge about the disorder. Severity and duration of eating disorder, current depression and previous treatment did not predict scores on the EDAT.
Treatment of early trauma and dissociation in eating disorders of late onset
Authors: Tobin David
Published: June 2007

A subgroup of older patients with a strikingly consistent pattern of symptoms and historical detail is presented with an outline for treatment. Deviation from standard approaches to treatment for eating disorders is discussed as a consequence of managing not only severe eating disorder symptoms, but also severe dissociative and personality disorders. Based on the work of Putnam (1989) and case material, an outline of treatment is presented that includes: (1) diagnosis, (2) history and alter identification, (3) initial stabilization, (4) acceptance of diagnosis, (5) communication between alters, (6) metabolism of trauma, and (7) integration. The integration of cognitive‐behavioural, psychodynamic, and feminist‐relational techniques is discussed as a way to help these patients overcome both eating and dissociative disorder symptoms. Though treatment of this subgroup is considerably longer and more intensive than standard approaches (e.g. twice weekly for several years), case studies reveal that prognosis is generally good if patients remain in treatment. Other indicators of good prognosis include the patient's ability to remain or return to premorbid levels of employment.
Dissociative symptoms in eating disorders: A follow‐up study
Authors: Vanderlinden John , Vandereycken Walter , Pobst Michel
Published: June 2007

The presence of dissociative symptoms was studied in 62 eating‐disordered patients at admission to a specialized unit, after 6 months and again after one year. Scores on the Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS‐Q) decreased in restricting anorectics and bulimia nervosa patients, but remained virtually unchanged for bingeing and purging anorectics. Higher scores on the DIS‐Q (especially on its amnesia subscale) were found in patients who also reported traumatic experiences in their childhood. A negative body experience was shown to be a strong predictor of DIS‐Q scores at follow‐up.
Dissociation and the severity of bulimic psychopathology among eating‐disordered and non‐eating‐disordered women
Authors: McManus Freda
Published: June 2007

This study examines the relationship between dissociation and eating psychopathology in bulimic women and a matched comparison group. The eating‐disordered group had significantly higher scores on all scales of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES II). A preliminary investigation of the nature of the dimensional relationship between dissociation and bulimic behaviours was carried out among the eating‐disordered women by examining the associations between specific aspects of eating psychopathology and specific aspects of dissociation. The dissociative characteristic of depersonalization and derealization was positively correlated with scores on the bulimia and oral control subscales of the Eating Attitudes Test. The dissociative characteristic of amnesia was positively correlated with the bulimic behaviour of bingeing. The results are discussed in the context of current conceptualizations of bulimic behaviours and dissociation, which emphasize the defensive function of both these behaviours. Suggestions are made for further research, and the clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Cognitive and motivational consequences of dieting
Authors: Ogden Jane
Published: June 2007

The present study examined the cognitive and motivational consequences of dieting behaviour. Twenty‐three dieters completed rating scales of mood and cognitive and motivational states three times a week and profile questionnaires at the beginning and end of a six‐week period of caloric restriction. A control group of 18 non‐dieters were also assessed for a comparative period. The results showed several profile differences between the two groups with the dieters reporting lower eating self‐efficacy and greater body dissatisfaction at the start of the period of caloric restriction. There were some differential changes over the period of the diet, with the dieters showing increases in both depression and loss of control, a decrease in hunger and a temporary increase in the preoccupation with food compared to the non‐dieters. The implications of the results are analysed in relation to both the long‐term and short‐term effects of caloric restraint. Their relevance to recent theories of disturbances in eating behaviour are discussed.
Identification of a novel fusion gene MLL‐MAML2 in secondary acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome with inv(11)(q21q23)
Authors: Nemoto Noriko , Suzukawa Kazumi , Shimizu Seiichi , Shinagawa Atsushi , Takei Naoko , Taki Tomohiko , Hayashi Yasuhide , Kojima Hiroshi , Kawakami Yasushi , Nagasawa Toshiro
Published: June 2007

We have identified a novel fusion partner of MLL, namely the mastermind like 2 (MAML2 gene), in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with inv(11)(q21q23). RT‐PCR and sequencing revealed that exon 7 of MLL was fused to exon 2 of MAML2 in the AML and MDS cells. The inv(11)(q21q23) results in the creation of a chimeric RNA encoding a putative fusion protein containing 1,408 amino acids from the NH2‐terminal part of MLL and 952 amino acids from the COOH‐terminal part of MAML2. The NH2‐terminal part of MAML2, a basic domain including a binding site of the intracellular domain of NOTCH, was deleted in MLL‐MAML2. MLL‐MAML2 in secondary AML/MDS and MECT1‐MAML2 in mucoepithelioid carcinoma, benign Wartin's tumor, and clear cell hidradenoma consist of the same COOH‐terminal part of MAML2. A luciferase assay revealed that MLL‐MAML2 suppressed HES1 promoter activation by the NOTCH1 intracellular domain. MAML2 involving a chimeric gene might contribute to carcinogenesis in multiple neoplasms by the disruption of NOTCH signaling. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subclinical photodynamic therapy treatment modifies the brain microenvironment and promotes glioma growth
Authors: deCarvalho Ana C. , Zhang Xuepeng , Roberts Cynthia , Jiang Feng , Kalkanis Steven N. , Hong Xin , Lu Mei , Chopp Michael
Published: June 2007

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been clinically investigated as an adjuvant local therapy for brain tumors. Therapeutic interventions intended to promote tumor cell death can also promote changes in the tumor microenvironment that could favor tumor growth. We have previously shown that PDT can activate pro‐angiogenic factors in the normal rodent brain. This study seeks to further elucidate the effects of subtherapeutic doses of Photofrin‐PDT on normal brain and to establish a mouse model for studying glioma progression in an environment modified by oxidative stress. Photofrin was administered to nude mice, and a defined intracranial area was illuminated with laser to deliver an optical dose equivalent to 80 J/cm2. Three and 7 days after PDT, mice were sacrificed and brains were fixed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PDT treatment resulted in transient increase in cell proliferation, associated with a robust activation of astrocytes and microglia in the treated region, without causing substantial cell death. To test how this modified environment would affect glioma growth, human glioblastoma U87 cells were implanted in the PDT‐treated hemisphere or in the control brain subjected to sham surgery. Significantly larger tumors were observed after 3 weeks in the PDT treated brains relative to control treatment. Our results indicate that subclinical Photofrin‐PDT locally alters the brain homeostasis without inflicting significant disruption to the tissue architecture, providing a model to study the effects of the microenvironment on glioma growth, with implications for the optimization of the clinical use of PDT for brain tumors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ferritin accumulation in dystrophic microglia is an early event in the development of Huntington's disease
Authors: Simmons Danielle A. , Casale Malcolm , Alcon Betzi , Pham Nha , Narayan Natasha , Lynch Gary
Published: June 2007

Huntington's Disease (HD) is characterized primarily by neuropathological changes in the striatum, including loss of medium‐spiny neurons, nuclear inclusions of the huntingtin protein, gliosis, and abnormally high iron levels. Information about how these conditions interact, or about the temporal order in which they appear, is lacking. This study investigated if, and when, iron‐related changes occur in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD and compared the results with those from HD patients. Relative to wild‐type mice, R6/2 mice had increased immunostaining for ferritin, an iron storage protein, in the striatum beginning at 2–4 weeks postnatal and in cortex and hippocampus starting at 5–7 weeks. The ferritin staining was found primarily in microglia, and became more pronounced as the mice matured. Ferritin‐labeled microglia in R6/2 mice appeared dystrophic in that they had thick, twisted processes with cytoplasmic breaks; some of these cells also contained the mutant huntingtin protein. Brains from HD patients (Vonsattel grades 0–4) also had increased numbers of ferritin‐containing microglia, some of which were dystrophic. The cells were positive for Perl's stain, indicating that they contained abnormally high levels of iron. These results provide the first evidence that perturbations to iron metabolism in HD are predominately associated with microglia and occur early enough to be important contributors to HD progression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A yeast two‐hybrid system using Sp17 identified Ropporin as a novel cancer–testis antigen in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Li Zhanfei , Li Wei , Meklat Farouk , Wang Zhiqing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yana , Lim Seah H.
Published: June 2007

Since most intracellular proteins are expressed with their ligands, ligands of cancer–testis (CT) antigens may also be CT in their distribution. Applying Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) as the bait in a yeast 2‐hybrid system of a testicular cDNA library, 17 interacting clones were isolated and all encoded Ropporin, a spermatogenic cell‐specific protein that serves as an anchoring protein for the A‐kinase anchoring protein, AKAP110. Ropporin showed a very restricted normal tissue gene expression, detected only in testis and fetal liver. Ropporin mRNA could also be detected in tumor cells from patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Interestingly, expression of Sp17 did not necessarily predict for the expression of Ropporin suggesting that their coexpression in these tumor cells was random rather than coordinated. Ropporin gene expression in tumor cells is associated with the presence of high titer IgG antibodies against Ropporin, suggesting the in vivo translation of the mRNA into protein and the immunogenicity of the protein to the autologous hosts. Using a CT antigen as the bait in a yeast 2‐hybrid system may, therefore, identify novel tumor antigen. Our results also suggest that Ropporin is a novel CT antigen in hematologic malignancies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of nitric oxide donor and gamma irradiation on MAPK signaling in murine peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Narang Himanshi , Krishna Malini
Published: June 2007

Irradiation (IR) of cells is known to activate enzymes of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. These are known to be involved in cellular response to stress and are determinants of cell death or survival. When radiotherapy is delivered to malignant cells, macrophages, being radioresistant, survive, get activated, and produce large amounts of nitric oxide. As a result of activation they recognize and phagocytose tumor and normal cell apoptotic bodies leading to tumor regression. In this study, the MAPK signaling in peritoneal macrophages was investigated which plays an important role in its various functions, in an environment which is predominantly nitric oxide, as is after IR. The behavior of macrophages in such an environment was also looked at. The three MAPK (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) respond differently to Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) alone or IR alone. All the three were activated following IR but only JNK was activated following SNP treatment. Surprisingly, when both the stresses were given simultaneously or one after the other, this differential response was lost and there was a complete inhibition of phosphorylation of all the three MAPKs, irrespective of the order of the two insults (IR and SNP). The noteworthy observation was that despite the complete inhibition of MAPK signaling there was no effect on either the viability or the phagocytic efficiency of peritoneal macrophages. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 576–587, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanics parameters for the FapydG DNA lesion
Authors: Song Kun , Hornak Viktor , De Los Santos Carlos , Grollman Arthur P. , Simmerling Carlos
Published: June 2007

FapydG is a common oxidative DNA lesion involving opening of the imidazole ring. It shares the same precursor as 8‐oxodG and can be excised by the same enzymes as 8‐oxodG. However, the loss of the aromatic imidazole in FapydG results in a reduction of the double bond character between C5 and N7, with an accompanying increase in conformational flexibility. Experimental characterization of FapydG is hampered by high reactivity, and thus it is desirable to investigate structural details through computer simulation. We show that the existing Amber force field parameters for FapydG do not reproduce X‐ray structural data. We employed quantum mechanics energy profile calculations to derive new molecular mechanics parameters for the rotation of the dihedral angles in the eximidazole moiety. Using these parameters, all‐atom simulations in explicit water reproduce the nonplanar conformation of cFapydG in the crystal structure of the complex with L. lactis glycosylase Fpg. We note that the nonplanar structure is stabilized by an acidic residue that is not present in most Fpg sequences. Simulations of the E→S mutant, as present in E. coli, resulted in a more planar conformation, suggesting that the highly nonplanar form observed in the crystal structure may not have direct biological relevance for FapydG. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
The Jahn‐Teller effect of the Cr2+ ion in aqueous solution: Ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kritayakornupong Chinapong
Published: June 2007

The hydration structure of Cr2+ has been studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations including three‐body corrections and combined ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) MD simulations at the Hartree‐Fock level. The structural properties are determined in terms of radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, and several angle distributions. The mean residence time was evaluated for describing ligand exchange processes in the second hydration shell. The Jahn‐Teller distorted octahedral [Cr(H2O)6]2+ complex was pronounced in the QM/MM MD simulation. The first‐shell distances of Cr2+ are in the range of 1.9–2.8 Å, which are slightly larger than those observed in the cases of Cu2+ and Ti3+. No first‐shell water exchange occurred during the simulation time of 35 ps. Several water‐exchange processes were observed in the second hydration shell with a mean residence time of 7.3 ps. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Evidence‐based practice in psychology
Authors: Thorn Beverly E.
Published: June 2007

Evidence‐based practice is a growing topic of interest in the field of psychology. In 2006, the American Psychological Association (APA) developed a formal policy statement on evidence‐based practice in psychology (EBPP). It is now important for the profession to come to a better understanding about what EBPP is (and is not), and to develop a skill set associated with EBPP. The next seven articles explore the history of EBPP, elaborate the definition and present uses of the term, and provide information relevant to the skill set regarding a practice consistent with the evidence‐based approach. Many of the articles were derived from the 2007 midwinter meeting of the Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology, where the program topic was “Evidence‐based Practice: What it is, Why It's Important, and What you Need to Know.” © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 607–609, 2007.
Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth
Authors: Brennan Robert T. , Molnar Beth E. , Earls Felton
Published: June 2007

Correlational analysis, classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and multilevel Rasch modeling were used to refine a measure of adolescents' exposure to violence (ETV). Interpersonal violence could be distinguished from other potentially traumatic events; it was also possible to distinguish three routes of exposure (victimization, witnessing, and learning of). Correlations confirmed that ETV subscales are related to measures of aggression, delinquency, and depression/anxiety. Reliability was improved by combining ETV subscales and/or caregiver and youth reports. Valid and reliable measures of ETV are critical to future research in associating violence exposure with common mental health and behavioral outcomes and disorders, and tracking how early violence exposure may affect future outcomes for adolescents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 603–618, 2007.
Neighborhood research from a spatially oriented strengths perspective
Authors: Mowbray Carol T. , Woolley Michael E. , Grogan‐Kaylor Andrew , Gant Larry M. , Gilster Megan E. , Shanks Trina R. Williams
Published: June 2007

Research investigating neighborhood effects on children and families has been largely deficit and individual‐focused, investigated structural variables, and has typically produced equivocal findings and small effect sizes. We suggest an approach focused on community strengths and resources that stresses the role of measures of social interaction variables and the utilization of analytic strategies that model the spatial and nested nature of contextual effects. To that end, we offer a community resilience model that includes both community‐level risk and protective factors, and suggests sources to obtain community‐level strengths data. We also provide a guide for locating community resource data appropriate for use in neighborhood effects research utilizing geographical information systems, multilevel modeling, and spatial analytic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and issues to be addressed in further developing a strategy for investigating neighborhood effects from a strengths perspective. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 667–680, 2007.
Using graphical techniques to communicate strategy: an exploratory study
Authors: Lettice Fiona , Brayshaw Karen
Published: June 2007

This paper looks at a current management consultant‐driven fashion for using graphical techniques to communicate strategic direction within larger organizations. Recent literature shows that many strategic change programmes fail through poor or miscommunication of the organization's strategic objectives, suggesting there is a need in the marketplace for new communication techniques.

This research evaluates the use of one graphical technique within three organizations to explore how it is being used and what the benefits of using this technique are. These new graphical techniques are felt to be more effective than traditional strategy communication techniques and our research suggests that this is because they consider both the communication medium and the content and presentation of the information in the strategic message.

In particular, these techniques use pictures or graphics with embedded metaphors to communicate clearer strategic messages, they encourage dialogue and inclusiveness from all employees within the process, they show connectivity of information, they facilitate the ability to remember the strategy and they are novel.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy development in a transitional economy: the case of LEK
Authors: Langley Amanda , Kakabadse Nada K. , Swailes Stephen
Published: June 2007

This paper explores how the grand strategies of a Slovenian firm, LEK, evolved during the period 1992–2002. Using a unique methodological framework, data was collected qualitatively from published sources in order to identify and explore the strategic actions that LEK realized. The findings showed that LEK realized organic growth and external finance‐raising strategies together with a number of incremental strategic actions such as those relating to mergers and acquisitions and organic concentric diversification.

By focusing upon how the strategies and strategic actions realized by LEK evolved over an 11‐year period, this paper has contributed to a gap in the existing literature about strategy development by pharmaceutical firms based in transitional economies.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Action learning as leverage for strategic transformation: a case study reflection
Authors: O'Hara Suzanne , Murphy Lily , Reeve Steve
Published: June 2007

This paper assesses the impact of an innovative large‐scale action learning intervention on organizational development. It attempts to evaluate the degree of transformational change and resilience through capacity building which resulted following the intervention. It is important to note that the original specification for the intervention work did not delineate nor expect transformational change at an organizational level, but rather development and improved management capacity at an individual level.

Our reflection on the research findings carried out as evaluative indicators, indicated that work undertaken as part of the intervention developed managers who thought and acted differently but also developed the organization's capacity to meet future external challenges. The paper addresses the question of how the results of the action learning intervention might generate significant organizational change.

It concludes by considering the relationship of management development to organizational development and corporate transformation. Suggestions are offered about what is needed if organizational transformation is a stated aim for interventions specifically using action learning.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotypic variation of iron partitioning in rice grain
Authors: Prom‐u‐thai Chanakan , Fukai Shu , Godwin Ian D , Huang Longbin
Published: June 2007

The present study investigates the variation of Fe concentration and partitioning in different grain tissues, particularly in the endosperm (white rice) among different rice cultivars from diverse genetic backgrounds. Iron concentration ranged from 10 to 20 mg kg−1 in brown rice and 3–11 mg kg−1 in white rice. Iron concentration in white rice was not correlated with that in brown rice. Polishing removed 25–84% of Fe from the brown rice, resulting in a low Fe concentration in the white rice and changed the ranking order for Fe concentration among the cultivars tested. Total Fe content in the whole grain including husk (r = 0.28, NS) and total Fe content in brown rice (r = 0.09, NS) was not significantly correlated with Fe concentration in white rice. Iron content in white rice was found to vary between 0.05 and 0.2 µg grain−1 among cultivars tested, with the highest Fe content in cv. Sakha. Iron concentration in white rice was negatively correlated with total Fe content in the bran fraction, which is lost during the polishing process to produce white rice from brown rice (r = − 0.82**). The partitioning of Fe between the endosperm and bran seemed to play a key role in achieving high Fe concentration in the white rice. The surface cell layers of the caryopsis appeared to be the main resistance of Fe partitioning into the endosperm (white rice) as there was a significantly negative correlation between Fe concentration in the white rice and Fe content in the bran, which is lost during the polishing process. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences in Jijona turrón concepts between consumers and manufacturers
Authors: Verdú Alexis , Serrano‐Megías Marta , Vázquez‐Araujo Laura , Pérez‐López Antonio J , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A
Published: June 2007

Sensory evaluation of food is of particular interest for typical products such as those having a Protected Geographical Indication, e.g. Jijona turrón. Sensory analysis can help manufacturers in getting a better understanding of consumer acceptability. The main objective of this study was to compare the concepts of a high‐quality turrón between consumers and manufacturers. The most important quality attributes of Jijona turrón were hardness, oiliness, consistency, crumbliness, adhesiveness, almond content, honey aroma, almond aroma and sweetness. Both consumers and manufacturers perceived these attributes in a similar way, indicating that consumers had a high knowledge of this product. However, while consumers want a product with high levels of sweetness and consistency and low levels of oiliness, manufacturers care more for intense honey and almond flavours. Finally, turrón consumption is confined to Christmas for people aged < 35 or > 50 years, while people aged 35–50 years consume this item throughout the year. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Developments in ion chromatography using monolithic columns
Authors: Chambers Stuart D. , Glenn Karen M. , Lucy Charles A.
Published: June 2007

The focus of this review is on current status and on‐going developments in ion chromatography (IC) using monolithic phases. The use and potential of both silica and polymeric monoliths in IC is discussed, with silica monoliths achieving efficiencies upwards of 105 plates/m for inorganic ions in a few minutes or less. Ion exchange capacity can be introduced onto the monolithic columns through the addition of ion interaction reagents to the eluent, coating of the monolith with ionic surfactants or polyelectrolyte latexes, and covalent bonding. The majority of the studies to date have used surfactant‐coated columns, but the stability of surfactant coatings limits this approach. Applications of monolithic IC columns to the separation of inorganic anions and cations are tabulated. Finally, a discussion on the recent commercialization of monolithic IC columns and the use of monolithic phases for IC peripherals such as preconcentrator columns, microextractors and suppressors is presented.
Thermally responsive chromatographic materials using functional polymers
Authors: Kanazawa Hideko
Published: June 2007

Functional polymers that respond to small changes in environmental stimuli with large changes in their structure and properties are often called “intelligent” polymers. We have modified material surfaces with such polymers and used them in separation systems. Silica beads were modified with the temperature‐responsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). PNIPAAm‐grafted surfaces exhibited temperature‐driven alterations of hydrophilic‐hydrophobic surface‐properties. Using this feature, PNIPAAm and related temperature‐responsive polymers have been used to generate temperature‐sensitive stationary phases for chromatographic separations. We attached several different functional polymers, including temperature‐ and pH‐responsive polymers, to silica beads. These temperature‐responsive stationary phases are useful in development of separation methods since adjusting the temperature represents an extra tool for optimizing the selectivity. Applications of thermally responsive columns for separations in the HPLC mode are demonstrated.
Ovarian expression of p53 and p21 apoptosis regulators in γ‐irradiated mice
Authors: Lee Chang Joo , Kim Heung‐Tae , Song Kang Won , Kim Sang Soo , Park Ho Hyun , Yoon Yong‐Dal
Published: June 2007

Ovarian follicular degeneration is accelerated by γ‐radiation. To investigate the precise radiation‐induced cellular and molecular biological changes in the ovary, prepubertal mice were whole‐body irradiated with 6.94 Gy, which is the 30% of the lethal dose of γ‐radiation using a 60Co source. At 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr after irradiation, ovarian expression of p53 and p21 mRNA and protein were analyzed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Immunohistochemical localization of p53 and p21 antigens was also carried out. Immunoreactive p53 and p21 were expressed in the nuclei of granulosa cells, but were not detected on the theca. In control mouse ovaries, p21 was weakly expressed on granulosa but not on the theca cells. In γ‐irradiated mouse ovaries, however, immunoreactive p21 proteins were detected in the nuclei of follicular granulosa cells. After irradiation expression of p53 and p21 mRNA and protein was significantly increased compared to β‐actin. Taken together, these observations suggest that p53 and p21 are actively involved in γ‐radiation‐induced follicular degeneration in the prepubertal mouse ovary. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 383–391, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.