bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Never too early: the impact of a shadowing programme in paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery for undergraduate college students
Authors: Brennan Zachary , Purlee Matthew , Sharaf Omar M. , Badhwar Isabella E. , Brown Colton , Kugler Liam , Weinstein Douglas J. , Bassuk Jonah S. , Baydoun Yasmine , Neal Dan , Stukov Yuriy , Freeman Kirsten , Wallen Tyler , Peek Giles J. , Bleiweis Mark S. , Jacobs Jeffrey P.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Diversification of the medical and cardiothoracic surgical workforce represents an ongoing need. A congenital cardiac surgery shadowing programme for undergraduate students was implemented at the University of Florida Congenital Heart Center.

Methods:

Students shadowing in the Congenital Heart Center from 17 December 2020 through 20 July 2021 were sent a survey through Qualtrics to evaluate the impact of their shadowing experience. The main objectives of the survey were to determine the personal relationship(s) of the students to physicians prior to shadowing, how the presence or absence of physicians in the family of a given student related to the exposure of the student to a medical setting prior to shadowing, and the interest of the students in medicine and cardiothoracic surgery prior to and after the shadowing experience. Survey responses included “Yes/No” questions, scaled responses using a Likert scale, selection lists, and free text responses. When applicable, t-tests were utilised to assess differences between student groups.

Results:

Of the 37 students who shadowed during the study period, 26 (70%) responded. Most students were female (58%, n = 15), and the mean age was 20.9 ± 2.4 years. Students spent a mean duration of 95 ± 138 hours shadowing providers as part of the shadowing programme. Likert scale ratings of interest in the professions of medicine, surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery all increased after the shadowing experience (p < 0.01). Students with a family member in medicine had more clinical exposure prior to the shadowing programme (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

A surgical shadowing programme at a Congenital Heart Center may have an important formative impact on the views of undergraduate students regarding potential careers in surgery and medicine. Additionally, students without family members in medicine tend to have less prior exposure to medicine and could likely benefit more from this type of shadowing programme.
Civic skill-acts, group identity, and intentions to engage in protest actions among university students in Hong Kong
Authors: Khiatani Paul Vinod , Chui Wing Hong , Wong Chak Chong
Published: May 2023

This study examined the mediating role of civic skill-acts and direct associations of group identity on intentions to engage in peaceful or radical protest actions (i.e., activism or radicalism intentions respectively). A sample of 526 university students in Hong Kong was surveyed. The findings suggested that political identity complementarily mediated the relationship between joining political activities and radicalism intentions. Religious identity and ethnic/racial identity each have an indirect-only mediation to activism as well as radicalism intentions when mediated by community activities and responding activities respectively. Finally, political identity and economic identity each have direct-only mediations to activism intentions respectively. These results suggest that although group identity and civic skill-acts uniquely contribute to protest intentions, the inter-relationship is complicated by the type of group identity, civic skill-act, and protest activity studied. Recommendations for future studies are discussed in light of the findings.
Demystifying Reviewing: The Whys and Hows
Authors: Montoya Celeste
Published: May 2023

Peer review is a key component of academic publishing, meant to maintain the integrity of the process. Peer reviewers help editors evaluate research—assessing the quality, validity, and original contribution of manuscripts submitted for publication. At its best, peer review can also help raise the quality of published research by providing authors with constructive expert feedback that helps them further develop and polish their project and its presentation.
Expanding Publication Opportunities: Different Types of Political Science Journal Articles
Authors: Scott Jamil
Published: May 2023

In the field of political science, scholars can contribute to the growing literature on gender and politics in multiple ways. While research articles remain important for scholars to communicate their research, they are not the only way. Scholars might consider other means to contribute to the scholarship, such as through research notes, book reviews, and review essays (a particular type of literature review). Specific to Politics & Gender, Critical Perspectives and Notes from the Field are two more avenues for scholars to engage in the gender and politics scholarly conversation. Each of these publication types provides a way for scholars to participate in the conversation about current political phenomena, research innovations, or topics of concern in the field. In what follows, I distinguish between the type of publishing opportunities available in the field of political science and the options specific to Politics & Gender. I also discuss what scholars should think about when considering the type of publication they want to submit.
The German historical school on monetary calculation and the feasibility of socialism
Authors: Braun Eduard
Published: May 2023

Several scholars anticipated Ludwig von Mises's calculation argument against socialism. The present paper summarises the contributions by the members of the German Historical School of Economics who preceded Mises and provides several examples of anticipation that have not been discussed in the literature. Furthermore, the paper explains why it is not a coincidence that members of the Historical School claimed as early as the nineteenth century that socialism was unfeasible due to calculation and knowledge problems. In their attempts to understand historically specific features of capitalism, they developed an approach to capital that involved the institutions of private property, money, the market, the enterprise, and monetary calculation. Starting from this institutional approach to capital and capitalism, it was only a small step to the question of what it means for socialist systems that those institutions are lacking.
Highly miniaturized wideband angular stable linear–circular and linear–cross polarization converter for Ka-band satellite applications
Authors: Shukoor Mohammad Abdul , Dey Sukomal
Published: May 2023

This work proposes a novel, extremely miniaturized wideband linear–circular and linear–cross metasurface-enabled reflective polarizer. This design comprises a Meander-line structure with horizontal dipoles as the top frequency selective surface, printed on a 1 mm thin-grounded FR-4 substrate. The x/y-polarized incident electromagnetic wave is converted as circularly polarized from 10.60 to 10.92 GHz (LHCP/RHCP), 12.12 to 17.32 GHz (RHCP/LHCP), and 22.72 to 37.76 GHz (LHCP/RHCP) during reflection with 2.97, 35.33, and 49.74% Fractional Bandwidth (FBW). In addition, this design shows linear–cross conversion with a minimum 90% polarization conversion ratio from 11.41 to 12, 19.01 to 22.34, and 40.74 to 46.82 GHz with an FBW of 5.04, 16.11, and 13.89%. The device performance is considerably stable under different oblique incidences, and the polarizer's unitcell is compact with a structural periodicity of 0.089 × 0.064 $\lambda _L^2$, and ultra-thin low-profile substrate thickness of 0.035λL. The proposed prototype is fabricated, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated one. This article also mentions how this polarizer could be tuned for dual-band K- and Ka-band satellite applications. The authors believe that the design's novelty lies in the multiband conversion with circular-polarization orthogonality, a highly miniaturized unitcell's volume of 0.199 $\lambda _L^3$/1000, and better angular stability made this design a potential candidate for real-time satellite applications.
Does Watching Videos With Natural Scenery Restore Attentional Resources?
Authors: Hartanto Andree , Lee Anne Teo Nicole , Lua Verity Y. Q. , Tay Keith J.Y. , Chen Nicole R. Y. , Majeed Nadyanna M.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Existing studies have shown that direct exposure to a real nature environment has a restorative effect on attentional resources after a mentally fatiguing task. However, it remains unclear whether virtual nature simulations can serve as a substitute for real nature experienced in the outdoors to restore executive attention. Given the mixed findings in the literature, the present study sought to examine if viewing videos with natural scenery (vs. a control with urban scenery) restores participants’ working memory capacity – measured by an operation span task – in a high-powered pre-registered within-subject experimental study. Overall, our within-subject experiment did not find any evidence to support the benefit of watching videos with natural scenery on restoration of executive attention. Moreover, the results from our Bayesian analyses further showed substantial support for the null hypothesis. Our study suggests that virtual nature simulations, even with the use of videos, may not be able to replicate the experiences of nature in the outdoors and restore attentional resources.
The Good Old Days and the Scary Future Ones
Authors: Ionescu Octavia , Collange Julie , Tavani Jean Louis
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Building on the social psychology literature on collective memory, we tested if national nostalgia fosters collective angst through greater perceived societal anomie among French participants. Consistent with our predictions, a correlational study ( N = 535) and an experimental study ( N = 370) showed that nostalgia for France’s past predicted greater angst regarding its future through increased perceptions that present French society is more anomic than before. These findings suggest that (1) our representations of the national past shapes how we perceive present and future society and (2) national nostalgia, besides acting as a coping mechanism against existential threats as suggested in previous work, might also feed these threats by fostering perceptions of an anomic present and a frightening future.
Experimental Observations of Bedload Tracer Movement: Effects of Mixed Particle Sizes and Bedforms
Authors: Singh Arvind , Wu Zi , Wilcock Peter , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: May 2023

Predicting the transport of bedload tracer particles is a problem of significant theoretical and practical interest. Yet, little understanding exists for transport in rivers in the presence of bedforms, which may trap grains and thereby influence travel distance. In a series of flume experiments with a sandy gravel bed in a large experimental flume, bed elevation and tracer travel distances were measured at high resolution for a range of discharges. As discharge increased, bedform height increased and bedform length decreased, increasing bedform steepness. For all tracer sizes and flow conditions, bedforms act as primary controls on the tracer travel distances. Bedform trapping increases linearly with the ratio of bedform height to tracer grain size, with 50% trapping efficiency for a ratio of two and 90% trapping efficiency for a ratio of four. A theoretical model based on the extended active layer formulation for sediment transport is able to capture much of the distribution of measured travel distances for all tracer sizes and discharges, providing a first connection between tracer transport theory and bedform trapping and indicating normal diffusion of tracers at relatively small timescales. Variable bedform geometry can influence trap efficiency for individual bedforms and the theoretical model can help identify “preferential trapping” conditions. The distribution of tracer travel distances for a mixture of grain sizes and variable discharge, as expected in natural rivers, displays heavy tail characteristics.
Tropical Cyclone Triggered Record Algal Bloom in the South Pacific
Authors: Steinke Kirsten
Published: May 2023

In 2019, Tropical Cyclone Oma hovered over the Coral Sea in the South Pacific, leaving a massive algae bloom in its wake.
Deep Hydraulically‐Active Fractures in Sensitive Clay Deposits: Implications for Groundwater Flow and Slope Stability
Authors: Young Nathan L. , Ospina Julian Andres , Lemieux Jean‐Michel , Locat Pascal
Published: May 2023

Landslides in sensitive post‐glacial marine clays are one of the major geological hazards in Canada, Norway and Sweden. Current hydrogeological conceptual models used for slope stability analyses in these deposits consider simple groundwater flow conditions within a homogenous, isotropic, massive clay deposits, where fractures are surficial features that only exist within a 1–5 m‐thick weathered zone. This study uses cross‐correlation analysis on hydraulic head data from a large network of vibrating‐wire piezometers in clay deposits along the St. Lawrence River and in the Saguenay‐Lac St‐Jean Lowlands, in Quebec, Canada, to show that hydraulically‐active fractures are present to depths of up to 16 m at 4 (possibly 6) of the 7 locations studied. These findings suggest that current conceptual models have a high likelihood of misrepresenting local flow systems, and that further field and modeling work is needed to characterize the extent and influence of these fracture networks.
Glutathione peroxidase 2 knockdown suppresses gastric cancer progression and metastasis via regulation of kynurenine metabolism
Authors: Xu Handong , Hu Can , Wang Yi , Shi Yunfu , Yuan Li , Xu Jingli , Zhang Yanqiang , Chen Jiahui , Wei Qin , Qin Jiangjiang , Xu Zhiyuan , Cheng Xiangdong
Published: May 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to its poor early diagnosis and high metastasis rate, and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed to develop effective anti-GC drugs. Glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx2) plays various roles in tumor progression and patient survival. Herein, we found that GPx2 was overexpressed and negatively correlated with poor prognosis by using clinical GC samples for validation. GPx2 knockdown suppressed GC proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed that GPx2 expression regulated kynureninase (KYNU)-mediated metabolism. As one of the key proteins involved in tryptophan catabolism, KYNU can degrade the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (kyn), which is an endogenous ligand for AhR. Next, we revealed that the activation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated KYNU-kyn-AhR signaling pathway caused by GPx2 knockdown was involved in GC progression and metastasis. In conclusion, our results showed that GPx2 acted as an oncogene in GC and that GPx2 knockdown suppressed GC progression and metastasis by suppressing the KYNU-kyn-AhR signaling pathway, which was caused by the accumulation of ROS.
Modulation of immune checkpoint regulators in interferon γ induced urothelial carcinoma and activated T-lymphocyte cells by cytostatics
Authors: Hänze Jörg , Schulte-Herbrüggen Johannes , Hofmann Rainer , Hegele Axel
Published: May 2023

Exploring the regulation of co-inhibitory (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) and co-stimulatory (CD28) genes by chemotherapeutic drugs is important for combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. ICB interferes with T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) signaling by antibody drugs directed against the co-inhibitors. Here, we analyzed urothelial (T24) cell line with respect to cytokine signaling by interferon γ (IFNG) and the leukemia lymphocyte (Jurkat) cell line with respect to T-cell activation as mimicked by phorbolester and calcium ionophore (pma/iono). Alongside, we considered possible intervention with the chemotherapeutics gemcitabine, cisplatin and vinflunine. Noteworthy, cisplatin significantly induced PD-L1-mRNA in naïve and IFNG treated cells whereas gemcitabine and vinflunine had no effect on PD-L1-mRNA. At the protein level, PD-L1 showed typical induction in IFNG treated cells. In Jurkat cells, cisplatin significantly induced PD-1-mRNA and PD-L1-mRNA. Pma/iono administration did not alter PD-1-mRNA and PD-L1-mRNA but significantly increased CTLA-4-mRNA and CD28-mRNA levels where vinflunine suppressed the CD28-mRNA induction. In sum, we demonstrated that certain cytostatic drugs being relevant for the therapy of urothelial cancer, affect co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory modulators of immune signaling with potential impact for perspective combined ICB therapy of patients.
Ce:LYSO, from scintillator to solid-state lighting as a blue luminescent concentrator
Authors: Lopez Lisa , Pichon Pierre , Loiseau Pascal , Viana Bruno , Mahiou Rachid , Druon Frederic , Georges Patrick , Balembois François
Published: May 2023

Cerium-doped lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (Ce:LYSO) is a well-known single crystal scintillator used in medical imaging and security scanners. Recent development of high power UV LED, matching its absorption band, questions the possibility to use Ce:LYSO in a new way: as LED-pumped solid-state light source. Since Ce:LYSO is available in large size crystals, we investigate its potential as a luminescent concentrator. This paper reports an extensive study of the performance in close relation to the spectroscopic properties of this crystal. It gives the reasons why the Ce:LYSO crystal tested in this study is less efficient than Ce:YAG for luminescent concentration: limited quantum efficiency and high losses coming from self-absorption and from excited-state absorption are playing key roles. However, we demonstrate that a Ce:LYSO luminescent concentrator is an innovative source for solid-state lighting. Pumped by a peak power of 3400 W in quasi-continuous wave regime (40 µs, 10 Hz), a rectangular (1 × 22 × 105 mm3) Ce:LYSO crystal delivers a broadband spectrum (60 nm FWHM) centered at 430 nm. At full output aperture (20 × 1 mm2), it emits a peak power of 116 W. On a squared output surface (1 × 1 mm2) it emits 16 W corresponding to a brightness of 509 W cm–2 sr–1. This combination of spectrum power and brightness is higher than blue LEDs and opens perspectives for Ce:LYSO in the field of illumination namely for imaging.
Reappraisal capacity is unrelated to depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Andrews Jack L. , Dalgleish Tim , Stretton Jason , Schweizer Susanne
Published: May 2023

Research suggests affective symptoms are associated with reduced habitual use of reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy in individuals with mental health problems. Less is known, however, about whether mental health problems are related to reduced reappraisal capacity per se. The current study investigates this question using a film-based emotion regulation task that required participants to use reappraisal to downregulate their emotional response to highly evocative real-life film footage. We pooled data (N = 512, age: 18–89 years, 54% female) from 6 independent studies using this task. In contrast to our predictions, symptoms of depression and anxiety were unrelated to self-reported negative affect after reappraisal or to emotional reactivity to negative films. Implications for the measurement of reappraisal as well as future directions for research in the field of emotion regulation are discussed.
Framework of magnetostrain responsive Ni–Mn–Ga microparticles driving magnetic field induced out-of-plane actuation of laminate composite
Authors: Han DongKeun , Chiu Wan-Ting , Tahara Masaki , Chernenko Volodymyr , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu , Hosoda Hideki
Published: May 2023

Ni–Mn–Ga single crystals (SC) exhibiting a giant magnetic field induced strain (MFIS), resulting from twin boundaries rearrangements, are excellent materials for novel actuators although enhanced brittleness and high costs are remaining the issues for applications. In polycrystalline state Ni–Mn–Ga alloys show small MFIS due to grain boundary constraints. By simple size reduction of the mentioned materials it is hardly possible to create quasi-two-dimensional MFIS actuators on the microscale with a pertinent out-of-plane performance. In pursuit of the trend for next generation materials and functions by design, in the present work we have developed a laminate composite as a prototype of microactuator with the out-of-plane stroke being driven by a framework of magnetostrain responsive Ni–Mn–Ga microparticles. The laminate consisted of the layer of crystallographically oriented Ni–Mn–Ga semi-free SC microparticles sandwiched between bonding polymer and Cu foils. Such design provided a particles isolation with a minimum constraint condition from the polymer. MFIS of the individual particles and the whole laminate composite was investigated by X-ray micro-CT 3D imaging. Both particles and laminate exhibited the same recoverable out-of-plane stroke produced by the particles´ MFIS of around 3% under 0.9 T. The developed microactuator design is promising for applications in the areas of micro-robotics, optical image stabilization in cameras, pumps for microfluidics etc.
Biochemical and genotyping analyses of camels (Camelus dromedaries) trypanosomiasis in North Africa
Authors: Darwish Ahmed M. , Sharaf Abdoallah , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil , Ali Neama I. , El-Aziz Tamer H. Abd , Abushady Asmaa M. , Kaouadji Zoubeyda , Othman Othman E. , Obornik Miroslav
Published: May 2023

Camels are considered an important food source in North Africa. Trypanosomiasis in camels is a life-threatening disease that causes severe economic losses in milk and meat production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the trypanosome genotypes in the North African region. Trypanosome infection rates were determined by microscopic examination of blood smears and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxides (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in erythrocyte lysate. Furthermore, 18S amplicon sequencing was used to barcode and characterizes the genetic diversity of trypanosome genotypes in camel blood. In addition to Trypanosoma, Babesia and Thelieria were also detected in the blood samples. PCR showed that the trypanosome infection rate was higher in Algerian samples (25.7%) than in Egyptian samples (7.2%). Parameters such as MDA, GSH, SOD and CAT had significantly increased in camels infected with trypanosomes compared to uninfected control animals, while TAC level was not significantly changed. The results of relative amplicon abundance showed that the range of trypanosome infection was higher in Egypt than in Algeria. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that the Trypanosoma sequences of Egyptian and Algerian camels are related to Trypanosoma evansi. Unexpectedly, diversity within T. evansi was higher in Egyptian camels than in Algerian camels. We present here the first molecular report providing a picture of trypanosomiasis in camels, covering wide geographical areas in Egypt and Algeria.
Lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio with calf circumference could better predict survival of patients with non-metastatic cancer
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yue , Zhang Xi , Zhang Qi , Ruan Guo-Tian , Xie Hai-Lun , Liu Tong , Song Meng-Meng , Ge Yi-Zhong , Deng Li , Shi Han-Ping
Published: May 2023

Systemic inflammatory responses caused by tumor cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers that most accurately predict prognoses in patients with non-metastatic cancer and to evaluate their clinical significance when combined with muscle markers. This study retrospectively evaluated 2,797 cancer patients diagnosed with cancer at TNM stages I, II, and III. Lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) in conjunction with calf circumference (CC) were used (or chosed) after evaluating the predictive value of 13 inflammatory marker combinations and five anthropometric indicators for patient outcomes using the C-index. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox’s proportional hazards regression modeling were used to analyze the individual and combined effects of these two potential biomarkers on overall survival. This study enrolled 1,604 men (57.3%) and 1,193 women (42.7%) with a mean age of 58.75 years. Among the 13 inflammatory nutritional indicators, the LCR was the most accurate predictor of prognoses in patients with non-metastatic cancer. After multifactorial adjustment, we found that low LCR had an adverse effect on overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17, 2.88; P < 0.001). Low LCR combined with low CC was also shown to be an independent risk factor for poor overall survival (HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.80, 2.83; P < 0.001). Compared with LCR or CC alone, the combination of the two had greater prognostic value for patients with non-metastatic cancer. The LCR can be implemented as a useful biomarker to predict prognoses in patients with non-metastatic cancer. CC is the best anthropometric indicator of muscle loss in patients with non-metastatic cancer. The combination of LCR and CC can better predict the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic cancer, and can provide important information for clinicians to formulate diagnosis and treatment plans.
A machine learning method for the identification and characterization of novel COVID-19 drug targets
Authors: Schultz Bruce , DeLong Lauren Nicole , Masny Aliaksandr , Lentzen Manuel , Raschka Tamara , van Dijk David , Zaliani Andrea ,   COPERIMOplus, Hansen Anne Funck , Sabine  , Rüping Kugler Stefan , Burmeister Jan , Kohlhammer Jörn , Sarau George , Christiansen Silke , Kannt Aimo , Zaliani Andrea , Foldenauer Ann Christina , Claussen Carsten , Resch Eduard , Frank Kevin , Gribbon Phil , Kuzikov Maria , Keminer Oliver , Laue Hendrik , Hahn Horst , Hirsch Jochen , Wischnewski Marco , Günther Matthias , Archipovas Saulius , Kodamullil Alpha Tom , Gemünd Andre , Schultz Bruce , Steinborn Carina , Ebeling Christian , Fernández Daniel Domingo , Hermanowski Helena , Fröhlich Holger , Klein Jürgen , Lentzen Manuel , Jacobs Marc , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Knieps Meike , Krapp Michael , Wendland Philipp Johannes , Wegner Philipp , Khatami Sepehr Golriz , Springstubbe Stephan , Linden Thomas , Fluck Juliane , Fröhlich Holger
Published: May 2023

In addition to vaccines, the World Health Organization sees novel medications as an urgent matter to fight the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. One possible strategy is to identify target proteins, for which a perturbation by an existing compound is likely to benefit COVID-19 patients. In order to contribute to this effort, we present GuiltyTargets-COVID-19 (https://guiltytargets-covid.eu/), a machine learning supported web tool to identify novel candidate drug targets. Using six bulk and three single cell RNA-Seq datasets, together with a lung tissue specific protein-protein interaction network, we demonstrate that GuiltyTargets-COVID-19 is capable of (i) prioritizing meaningful target candidates and assessing their druggability, (ii) unraveling their linkage to known disease mechanisms, (iii) mapping ligands from the ChEMBL database to the identified targets, and (iv) pointing out potential side effects in the case that the mapped ligands correspond to approved drugs. Our example analyses identified 4 potential drug targets from the datasets: AKT3 from both the bulk and single cell RNA-Seq data as well as AKT2, MLKL, and MAPK11 in the single cell experiments. Altogether, we believe that our web tool will facilitate future target identification and drug development for COVID-19, notably in a cell type and tissue specific manner.
Childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation in everyday life: an experience sampling study
Authors: Ion Andrei , Bîlc Mirela I. , Pițur Simina , Pop Claudia Felicia , Szentágotai-Tătar Aurora , Miu Andrei C.
Published: May 2023

Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for psychopathology, and increasing evidence suggests that emotion regulation is one of the underlying mechanisms. However, most of this evidence comes from single assessments of habitual emotion regulation, which may not overlap with spontaneous emotion regulation in daily life and which fail to account for within-individual variability in emotion regulation across multiple contexts. In the present study, we investigated the relation between history of childhood maltreatment, positive and negative affect, and multiple dimensions of spontaneous emotion regulation (strategy use, emotion regulation goals, emotion regulation success and effort) in everyday life, using experience sampling method (3 assessments/day, for 10 consecutive days), in a sample of healthy volunteers (N = 118). Multilevel modeling results indicated that childhood maltreatment was associated with lower positive affect and higher negative affect. Childhood maltreatment was also related to lower use of reappraisal and savoring (but not suppression, rumination and distraction), reduced emotion regulation success (but not effort), as well as lower levels of and higher within-individual variability of hedonic (but not instrumental) emotion regulation goals. These results provide ecological evidence for multiple differences in emotion regulation in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.
Role of paraoxonase 1 activity and PON1 gene polymorphisms in sickle cell disease
Authors: Menezes Joelma Figueiredo , Carvalho Magda Oliveira Seixas , Rocha Larissa Carneiro , dos Santos Felipe Miranda , Adorno Elisângela Vitória , de Souza Cyntia Cajado , Santiago Rayra Pereira , da Guarda Caroline Conceição , de Oliveira Rodrigo Mota , Figueiredo Camylla Vilas Boas , Carvalho Suéllen Pinheiro , Yahouédéhou Sètondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre , Fiuza Luciana Magalhães , Adanho Corynne Stéphanie Ahouefa , Pitanga Thassila Nogueira , Lyra Isa Menezes , Nascimento Valma Maria Lopes , Noronha-Dutra Alberto Augusto , Goncalves Marilda Souza
Published: May 2023

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients often exhibit a dyslipidemic sub-phenotype. Paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) is a serum glycoprotein associated with the high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and variability in PON1 activity depends on the PON1 genotypes. We investigated the influence of PON1c.192Q > R and PON1c.55L > M polymorphisms on PON1 activity and laboratory parameters and the association between PON1 activity and clinical manifestations in SCD patients. We recruited 350 individuals, including 154 SCD patients and 196 healthy volunteers, which comprised the control group. Laboratory parameters and molecular analyses were investigated from the participants' blood samples. We have found increased PON1 activity in SCD individuals compared to the control group. In addition, carriers of the variant genotype of each polymorphism presented lower PON1 activity. SCD individuals carrying the variant genotype of PON1c.55L > M polymorphism had lower platelet and reticulocyte counts, C-reactive protein, and aspartate aminotransferase levels; in addition to higher creatinine levels. SCD individuals carrying the variant genotype of PON1c.192Q > R polymorphism had lower triglyceride, VLDL-c, and indirect bilirubin levels. Furthermore, we observed an association between PON1 activity history of stroke and splenectomy. The present study confirmed the association between PON1c.192Q > R and PON1c.55L > M polymorphisms and PON1 activity, in addition to demonstrate their effects on markers of dislipidemia, hemolysis and inflammation, in SCD individuals. Moreover, data suggest PON1 activity as a potential biomarker related to stroke and splenectomy.
Acoustic stability of a self-gravitating cylinder leading to astrostructure formation
Authors: Dasgupta Sayanti , Atteya Ahmed , Karmakar Pralay Kumar
Published: May 2023

We employ a quantum hydrodynamic model to investigate the cylindrical acoustic waves excitable in a gyromagnetoactive self-gravitating viscous cylinder comprised of two-component (electron–ion) plasma. The electronic equation of state incorporates the effect of temperature degeneracy. It reveals an expression for the generalized pressure capable of reproducing a completely degenerate (CD) quantum (Fermi) pressure and a completely non-degenerate (CND) classical (thermal) pressure. A standard cylindrical wave analysis, moderated by the Hankel function, yields a generalized linear (sextic) dispersion relation. The low-frequency analysis is carried out procedurally in four distinct parametric special cases of astronomical importance. It includes the quantum (CD) non-planar (cylindrical), quantum (CD) planar, classical (CND) non-planar (cylindrical), and classical (CND) planar. We examine the multi-parametric influences on the instability dynamics, such as the plasma equilibrium concentration, kinematic viscosity, and so forth. It is found that, in the quantum regime, the concentration plays a major role in the system destabilization. In the classical regime, the plasma temperature plays an important role in both the stabilization and destabilization. It is further seen that the embedded magnetic field influences the instability growth dynamics in different multiparametric regimes extensively, and so forth. The presented analysis can hopefully be applicable to understand the cylindrical acoustic wave dynamics leading actively to the formation of astrophysical gyromagnetic (filamentary) structures in diverse astronomical circumstances in both the classical and quantum regimes of astronomical relevance.
A highly explicit electrochemical biosensor for catechol detection in real samples based on copper-polypyrrole
Authors: Saleem Qasar , Shahid Sammia , Rahim Abdur , Bajaber Majed A. , Mansoor Sana , Javed Mohsin , Iqbal Shahid , Bahadur Ali , Aljazzar Samar O. , Pashameah Rami Adel , AlSubhi Samah A. , Alzahrani Eman , Farouk Abd-ElAziem
Published: May 2023

We constructed a catechol detection biosensor that is enzyme-free and extremely selective using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a copper-polypyrrole (Cu-PPy) composite.
Moving microcapillary antibiotic susceptibility testing (mcAST) towards the clinic: unravelling kinetics of detection of uropathogenic E. coli, mass-manufacturing and usability for detection of urinary tract infections in human urine
Authors: Needs Sarah H. , Pivetal Jeremy , Hayward Jessica , Kidd Stephen P. , Lam HoYin , Diep Tai , Gill Kiran , Woodward Martin , Reis Nuno M. , Edwards Alexander D.
Published: May 2023

Point-of-care antibiotic susceptibility test for urinary tract infections.
Iron-doped bimetallic boride Fe-Ni2B/NF-x nanoparticles toward efficient oxygen evolution reaction at a large current density
Authors: Zhang Yajuan , Xu Hui , Ma Shengyue
Published: May 2023

Fe-doped Ni2B achieved excellent OER performance that benefits from the high active surface area, lower charge transfer resistance, and moderate free energy of O intermediate.
Building better aqueous Zn-organic batteries
Authors: Li Zhiheng , Tan Jian , Wang Yuan , Gao Caiyun , Wang Yonggang , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: May 2023

This is a systematic overview focusing on recent developments, energy storage mechanisms, and design and improvement strategies for aqueous Zn-organic batteries.
Correction: ‘Chemistry at the speed of sound’: automated 1536-well nanoscale synthesis of 16 scaffolds in parallel
Authors: Gao Li , Shaabani Shabnam , Reyes Romero Atilio , Xu Ruixue , Ahmadianmoghaddam Maryam , Dömling Alexander
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘‘Chemistry at the speed of sound’: automated 1536-well nanoscale synthesis of 16 scaffolds in parallel’ by Li Gao et al., Green Chem., 2023, 25, 1380–1394, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04312B.
Synthesis and identification of new sacubitril derivatives as lead compounds for antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular (TB) activities against dormant tuberculosis
Authors: Bhargavi Dodda , Konduri Srihari , Prashanth Jyothi , Pulipati Sowjanya , Praneeth K. K. , Sireesha Malladi , Rao Koya Prabhakara
Published: May 2023

We identified twenty-two new sacubitril derivatives (5a–v) as lead compounds for various biologically active targets.
Optimization of a lipase/reduced graphene oxide/metal–organic framework electrode using a central composite design-response surface methodology approach
Authors: Mohd Mokhtar Nur Aina Izzati , Ashari Siti Efliza , Mohd Zawawi Ruzniza
Published: May 2023

Facile synthesis of a lipase/rGO/Cu-MOF electrode with enhanced thermal and electrochemical conductivity upon optimization using response surface methodology (RSM).
Elementary Teachers' Perspectives on Teaching Reading Comprehension
Authors: Smith Reid , Snow Pamela , Serry Tanya , Hammond Lorraine
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

We report findings from a survey of elementary teachers regarding reading instruction. The purpose was to examine teachers' beliefs about how children in the first 7 years of schooling develop reading comprehension skills and to characterize the self-reported practices and strategies they use to support children to comprehend connected text.

Method:

A web-based survey was used to collect data from 284 Australian elementary teachers about their beliefs and practices regarding reading comprehension instruction. Selected Likert-scale items were aggregated to determine the degree to which participants held “child-centered” or “content-centered” views of reading instruction.

Results:

Australian elementary school teachers hold a wide range of beliefs about reading instruction, some of which are in direct opposition to each other. Our findings indicate low consensus about what elements of instructional practice are useful in classrooms or how time should be apportioned to different tasks. Commercial programs had significant penetration in schools, and many participants reported using multiple commercial programs, with varying degrees of pedagogical harmony. Participants indicated that their most common source of knowledge about reading instruction was their own personal research, with few nominating university teacher education as a primary source of knowledge or expertise.

Conclusions:

Little agreement exists within the Australian elementary teacher community regarding the ways that reading skills can and should be taught. There is significant room for teacher practice to have improved theoretical underpinnings and to develop a consistent repertoire of classroom practices aligned with these.
VarIabiLity seLection of AstrophysIcal sources iN PTF (VILLAIN)
Authors: Bruun S. H. , Agnello A. , Hjorth J.
Published: May 2023

Context. Light-curve variability is well-suited to characterising objects in surveys with high cadence and a long baseline. This is especially relevant in view of the large datasets to be produced by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).

Aims. We aim to determine variability parameters for objects in the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and explore differences between quasars (QSOs), stars, and galaxies. We relate variability and colour information in preparation for future surveys.

Methods. We fit joint likelihoods to structure functions (SFs) of 71 million PTF light curves with a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. For each object, we assume a power-law SF and extract two parameters: the amplitude on timescales of one year, A, and a power-law index, γ. With these parameters and colours in the optical (Pan-STARRS1) and mid-infrared (WISE), we identify regions of parameter space dominated by different types of spectroscopically confirmed objects from SDSS. Candidate QSOs, stars, and galaxies are selected to show their parameter distributions.

Results. QSOs show high-amplitude variations in the R band, and the highest γ values. Galaxies have a broader range of amplitudes and their variability shows relatively little dependency on timescale. With variability and colours, we achieve a photometric selection purity of 99.3% for QSOs. Even though hard cuts in monochromatic variability alone are not as effective as seven-band magnitude cuts, variability is useful in characterising object subclasses. Through variability, we also find QSOs that were erroneously classified as stars in the SDSS. We discuss perspectives and computational solutions in view of the upcoming LSST.
Convergence of the empirical measure in expected wasserstein distance: non-asymptotic explicit bounds in ℝd
Authors: Fournier Nicolas
Published: May 2023

We provide some non-asymptotic bounds, with explicit constants, that measure the rate of convergence, in expected Wasserstein distance, of the empirical measure associated to an i.i.d. N-sample of a given probability distribution on ℝd.
Knowledge expand one’s life: Evidence from Chinese Science Scholars
Authors: Yu Zhuqi , Chen Sipu , Wang Lidong
Published: May 2023

One of the solutions of healthcare may lie in the analysis of the longevity of scholars by probing the underlying reasons and determining factors. This study sets out to investigate the reasons why scholars in mathematics, physics, and chemistry generally live a longer and healthier life, and in particular, why longer than the common value, by compiling and analyzing data from information on those scholars. The society at large can learn from the research results of this paper which indicate that reading can, to a certain extent, lead to a long and a relatively healthy life.
Does foreign direct investment promote business performance? -- From the perspective of executive compensation incentive and promotion incentive
Authors: Long Wei , Baoxing Du
Published: May 2023

Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2015-2020, the impact of foreign direct investment on the business performance of Chinese listed companies is explored from the perspective of executive compensation incentives and promotion incentives. The study finds that FDI has a catalytic effect on the business performance of firms. With regard to the mechanism of action, FDI promotes the improvement of business performance by enhancing executive incentives, and the findings of this paper have practical implications for guiding foreign investment to play the role of corporate governance and improve business performance.
Developmental Human Resource Management Practices: Literature Review and Prospect
Authors: Wu Zhiheng
Published: May 2023

As employees ’ employment motivation and work concept turn to development orientation and growth needs, development-oriented human resource management practices (DHRMPs) that focus on employee development needs and provide employees with development resources and fair opportunities have emerged. Literature review found that social exchange theory and resource conservation theory can provide theoretical support for DHRMPs. The implementation of DHRMPs in enterprises helps employees to form a benign interaction with enterprises, thus promoting organizational performance, employees ’ work engagement and reducing their turnover intention. In the future research, we can make a deeper discussion on the antecedent variables of DHRMPs, scale development and testing, and the diversification of research objects.
Study on Symbolic Consumption in Guangzhou’s Nighttime Economy
Authors: Ouyang Rui
Published: May 2023

As e-commerce has revolutionized the habits and methods of mass consumption, the reliance of the real economy on the Internet for advertising and marketing has become more and more pronounced, and this phenomenon has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many municipal governments in China have introduced policies to encourage the development of nighttime economy as an important means to revive urban vitality, stimulate mass consumption and promote economic development. This essay takes four established nighttime economy gathering places in Guangzhou as examples, and studies the symbolic consumption process in them from the theoretical perspectives of cultural economy, leisure economy, symbolic economy and cultural capital, thus pointing out the problems of cultural change and cultural vulgarization in the nighttime economy neighborhoods and giving constructive solutions and suggestions for improvement.
Comparison of Performances among Four Bleeding-Prediction Scores in Elderly Cancer Patients with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Xi Shaozhi , Liu Chaoyang , Yu Shuihua , Qiu Jingxuan , He Shuibo , Yi Zhong
Published: May 2023

The performances of RIETE, VTE-BLEED, SWITCO65 + , and Hokusai-VTE scores for predicting major bleeding events in hospitalized elderly cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) have not been evaluated. This study validated the performances of these scoring systems in a cohort of elderly cancer patients with VTE. Between June 2015 and March 2021, a total of 408 cancer patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with acute VTE were consecutively enrolled. The overall rates of in-hospital major bleeding and clinically relevant bleeding (CRB) were 8.3% (34/408) and 11.8% (48/408), respectively. RIETE score could categorize patients with increasing rate of major bleeding and CRB into low-/intermediate- and high-risk categories (7.1 vs. 14.1%, p = 0.05 and 10.1 vs. 19.7%, p = 0.02, respectively). The discriminative power of the four scores for predicting major bleeding was poor to moderate, indicated by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (0.45 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.35–0.55] for Hokusai-VTE, 0.54 [95% CI: 0.43–0.64] for SWITCO65 + , 0.58 [95% CI: 0.49–0.68] for VTE-BLEED, and 0.61 [95% CI: 0.51–0.71] for RIETE). RIETE score might be used to predict major bleeding in hospitalized elderly cancer patients with acute VTE.
How to optimize allocation of renewable portfolio standards for renewable energy development in China?
Authors: Xin-gang Zhao , Wenjie Lu , Wei Wang , Shuran Hu , Yi Zuo
Published: May 2023

A renewable portfolio standard is implemented to promote the development of renewable energy at a minimum cost through tradable green certificate market mechanism. Formulating a scientific and feasible renewable energy quota allocation scheme helps RPS function smoothly and optimize resource allocation. This paper proposed a bi-level programming model combined with entropy weight method to allocate renewable portfolio standard quotas with provincial heterogeneity and stakeholders' behavior, and an optimized quota allocation scheme among China's 30 provinces in 2020 was obtained. By comparing with the government's issued scheme, the following were the results under the optimized scheme: (1) Quotas in most provinces have increased, and the responsibility for renewable electricity generation is shared with the provinces with developed economy and well-constructed transmission facilities, where electricity producers can meet the quotas by purchasing tradable green certificate. (2) Quota allocation has positive effects on energy, economy, and environment. Specifically, the non-hydro renewable electricity generation increased by 43.8%, the non-hydro renewable electricity producers' profit increased by 18.4%, and the environmental pollution cost reduced by 27.9%. (3) Quota allocation equity measured by the environmental Gini coefficient increased by 14.3%. Based on these findings, some policy implications related to quota allocation and renewable portfolio standard's institutional arrangement have been put forward.
Higher-Level Thinking and Applications to Physics Teaching
Authors: Baker Blane
Published: May 2023

Development of the highest levels of cognitive thinking is contingent upon student engagement in activities that emphasize examining relationships, critiquing arguments, designing experiments, and building models. The levels of cognitive thinking are introduced here, along with examples and writing prompts for assignments. Particular attention is given to the highest levels of cognitive thinking: analyzing, evaluating, and creating.
Higher-Level Thinking in Introductory Physics Courses
Authors: Baker Blane
Published: May 2023

The study of introductory physics offers many opportunities to develop higher-level thinking skills of analyzing, evaluating, and creating. As students learn concepts and principles, they are challenged to apply their knowledge to various critical thinking scenarios. Assignments discussed focus on articulating qualitative arguments and critiquing others’ arguments. One of the goals of students’ learning is to obtain the skills to better judge their own and others’ work.