bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencialidades de um sistema web para apoio a aprendizagem na pandemia de COVID-19 utilizando métodos efetivos para construção do conhecimento
Authors: Silva Mislene Dalila da , Lima Luciano Vieira
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho apresenta as potencialidades de um sistema web que implementa uma interface entre o professor e o aluno através do ensino remoto, para ser utilizado como complemento para aprendizagem nesse período de pandemia de COVID-19. Onde possibilita ambos uma interface de conhecimento, tanto para o aluno, quanto para o professor. No qual o professor disponibiliza material que é realmente do seu domínio e competente ao que ele deseja mediar de conhecimento para o aluno, evitando que o mesmo acesse materiais divergentes do que será cobrado em situações que deve expor o conhecimento e que o aluno consiga abstrair desse conteúdo um conhecimento que vai ficar consolidado em sua memória. A pesquisa tem o cunho exploratória descritiva. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um sistema web que auxilie o aluno na retenção do conhecimento e na segurança de aplicar suas habilidades em situações que o requerem. Foi utilizado no sistema o algoritmo do Método de Memorização Exponencial Efetiva em Base Binária - MMEEBB, que possibilita ao indivíduo efetivamente aprender um conteúdo e reter o conhecimento em sua memória, onde o MMEEBB cria intervalos de reforços de aprendizagem que devem ser seguidos para manter o conhecimento consolidado.
Ensino da Geografia na Educação Básica
Authors: Zuza Maria Lidijanne Cardoso
Published: September 2021

A abordagem da geografia enquanto disciplina escolar tem se apresentado de forma desafiadora para uma grande maioria de seus respectivos professores, pois ainda se percebe a prática de um modelo pedagógico tradicional, descritivo e memorístico desta ciência nas escolas do país. Dentro dessa perspectiva, foi realizado este trabalho de revisão, tendo como Objetivo Geral analisar o ensino da Geografia na educação básica. Sua metodologia foi realizada por meio da revisão de literatura, com levantamentos bibliográficos utilizando livros, artigos e trabalhos de conclusão de curso, sendo um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Teve como amostra, Artigos de principais revistas como Revista Rene, SciELO, dissertações de mestrado da Universidades Federais, trabalhos científicos publicados no Plano Pedagógico disponibilizado na BNCC. Utilizou-se de artigos publicados em revistas, livros de Ensino e dissertações da língua portuguesa e inglesa, publicados do ano de 1998 até os dias de hoje. Como procedimento de estudo, inicialmente foi feito um levantamento de dados dos artigos, livros e dissertações, selecionados a partir de palavras chaves como Ensino e Geografia. Como conclusão, a Geografia vem acompanhando a evolução do homem, a partir do momento em que ela surgiu como disciplina escolar. Com as transformações ocorridas no mundo inteiro, a Geografia buscou acompanhar essas tendências, apesar de estar ainda muito atrelada aos moldes tradicionais enquanto disciplina. Assim, necessita-se estar sempre em debate e sob-reflexões por parte daqueles que a estudam. Esta pesquisa procurou fazer um trabalho de análise metodológica do ensino de Geografia em escolas de ensino básico.
Efeito da adição de colágeno e sucralose nas características tecnológicas e sensoriais do iogurte
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Paula de Souza , Santos Giovana Álice de Souza , Carvalho Hugo José Martins , Schmiele Marcio , Sobrinho Paulo de Souza Costa , Rocha Larissa de Oliveira Ferreira
Published: September 2021

Recentemente, a proteção e o tratamento de doenças da pele com suplementos dietéticos têm recebido atenção crescente. Um exemplo são os peptídeos de colágeno que melhoram o envelhecimento da pele induzido por radiações ultravioletas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de colágeno e sucralose nas caraterísticas tecnológicas e sensoriais do iogurte através de um delineamento fatorial com 2 variáveis independentes (X1 = colágeno, 0,625 a 1,25 % e X2 = sucralose, 0,02 a 0,04 %). As variáveis dependentes estudadas foram: acidez titulável total, capacidade de retenção de água, aceitação e doçura. Através da metodologia de Superfície de Resposta, observou-se que as variáveis independentes colágeno e sucralose apresentaram efeitos estatisticamente significativos (p<0,10) para acidez titulável total e capacidade de retenção de água. A acidez titulável total foi maior com o aumento de colágeno e sucralose e maior capacidade de retenção de água foi observada entre a interação do colágeno e sucralose. As variáveis independentes não influenciaram a aceitação e a intensidade de doçura das amostras, sendo categorizadas com uma doçura ideal e uma boa aceitação. A formulação otimizada foi obtida com 1,25% de colágeno e 0,02% de sucralose, com uma probabilidade de sucesso de 88%. Considerando o ponto otimizado, uma porção de 200g de iogurte irá conter a quantidade recomendada de colágeno ao dia de acordo com as informações do fabricante.
Manejo da dor oncológica pela equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Tavares Aldenice Tomaz de Aquino , Anjos Tatiane Sales dos , Oliveira Solange Silva de , Andrade Eronildo de Almeida , Silva Gleyciane Kelly Rodrigues da , Silva Vinicius Alexandre Alves da , Ferreira Letícia Lira
Published: September 2021

O estudo aqui objetivou avaliar a dor em pacientes oncológicos e a forma que a equipe multidisciplinar vem cuidando desse sintoma tão difícil. O estudo é do tipo revisão da literatura. Os resultados apresentados foram em relação à dor oncológica, na presença de sinais e sintomas de difícil controle, o Enfermeiro tem um papel fundamental no alívio do desconforto e sofrimento dela, pois assiste o paciente durante as 24 horas e acompanha os aspectos e é uma das preocupações mais presentes no dia a dia do Enfermeiro que trabalha com esse tipo de paciente, principalmente, nas unidades de cuidados paliativos. Entende-se por cuidados paliativos todo cuidado ativo e global realizado a paciente cuja doença não respondeu ao tratamento curativo, entretanto, para poder proporcionar a estes cuidados, é fundamental que o profissional desenvolva conhecimentos holísticos sobre a dor e, por meio dele, alcance condições de avaliar e dimensionar a sua complexidade, compreende-se que a enfermagem é uma profissão insubstituível ao cuidar da sociedade, o quanto sua prática humana é ímpar na saúde do paciente. Nesse contexto, observa-se a necessidade de técnicas terapêuticas alternativas e complementares às convencionais para o manejo da dor, mas não dispensando tratamento com os fármacos de acordo com as orientações médicas para um resultado satisfatório.
Qualitative tests for the determination of fraud in raw milk: evaluation of the influence of analytical parameters of the tests and the stability of the samples as a function of time and preservation form
Authors: Araujo Juliana de , Gräff Cláudia Andréia , Silvestre Wendel Paulo
Published: September 2021

The present work aimed to evaluate the robustness of qualitative tests of frauds of addition of chlorine/hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and starch in raw milk, which parameters have the greatest influence on these analytical methods, and to evaluate the influence of time and mode of preservation of intentionally adulterated samples. The effects of the variation of some parameters of the analytical procedures were evaluated, making combinations between the different factors, determining the degree of influence of these variations on the tests. The stability time of the frauds in the samples was evaluated, keeping them under refrigeration (3±2 °C) and carrying out the tests on the same day, and under freezing (≤ -18 °C) for 5, 9 and 15 days, later analyzed, verifying if the frauds were detected. According to the results, it could be observed that the chlorine/hypochlorite detection method was adequate, detecting the addition of the adulterant in all combinations of variables and in all forms of conservation of the samples. The method for detecting the addition of hydrogen peroxide proved to be adequate for the samples analyzed immediately (< 24 h), detecting the presence of the substance in all combinations. However, the method did not detect the presence of peroxide in the combinations for the frozen samples, indicating that the method can generate false negatives in samples that are not fresh. The starch detection method did not detect the presence of this contaminant in all combinations of variables. The combinations that used only a drop of the Lugol’s iodine solution showed false negatives, so the amount of added solution is a critical variable for the method. However, for the other combinations, the method proved to be adequate for both fresh and frozen samples, detecting the addition of starch, regardless of storage time.
α-amylase production obtained from Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 by solid state fermentation using Croton linearifolius residues as substrate
Authors: Luz Juliana Antunes da , Ribeiro Dhiéssica dos Santos , Teixeira Jabson Menezes , Silva Thamilly Moreira , Leão Danilo Junqueira , Franco Marcelo , Gualberto Simone Andrade , Freitas Janaína Silva de
Published: September 2021

The objective of this work was to optimize the production and characterize α-amylase produced by Aspergillus niger through solid state fermentation, using leaf residues of C. linearifolius as substrate. For optimization, the incubation temperature, initial humidity and fermentation time were combined based on Doehlert experimental design. The highest productivity of the enzyme was 122.88 Ug-1, at 33oC, 70% humidity and 14 days of time. In the enzymatic characterization, the enzyme extract presented pH 5.0 and temperature 50oC, and α-amylase was thermostable up to 60oC, maintaining more than 90% of the activity. In evaluation of the effect of salt addition, sodium carbonate, calcium chloride, iron chloride, and cobalt chloride increased the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, while potassium and sodium from their chlorides served as enzyme inhibitors. The Km and Vmax values ​​found were 0.04 mg/mL and 46.95 µmol/min/mL, respectively, indicating that the substrate has affinity for α-amylase. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the residues of C. linearifolius can be used as a substrate for A. niger in the production of enzymatic extracts, such as α-amylase.
Produção científica sobre mulheres com câncer de colo uterino em hemodiálise: estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Melo Edjane Marcia Linhares , Frazão Janice de Matos , Peixoto Ivonete Vieira Pereira , Valois Rubenilson Caldas
Published: September 2021

Objetivou-se descrever o panorama da produção científica, encontrada na base de dados Web of Science, sobre mulheres com câncer de colo uterino em hemodiálise, entre os anos de 2017 a 2021. Trata-se de um estudo bibliométrico, de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados Web of Science, utilizando a estratégia de busca PiCo. Realizando como critério de inclusão:  publicações disponíveis em periódicos científicos no período de 2017 a 2021; texto completo em inglês, português ou espanhol e termos de busca presentes no título ou resumo. Como critério de exclusão, eliminaram-se as publicações nas modalidades: tese, dissertação e monografia e artigos repetidos foram suprimidos.  Foram encontrados 14 artigos, nos quais foram aplicadas as leis bibliométricas de Lotka, Zipf e Bradford. Apresentando pouca frequência de estudos a cerca desta temática, mesmo tendo grande representatividade epidemiológica e sendo a causa primária de morte por câncer na Região Norte do Brasil. Levando a observar uma lacuna em pesquisas mundiais, principalmente nacional. Remetendo a necessidade de estudos e pesquisas sobre as mulheres com câncer de colo uterino em hemodiálise.
Aspectos citológicos entre papanicolau e gravidez
Authors: Cabral Valéria Cláudia Pereira , Souza Belysa Sousa de , Martins Letícia Dias
Published: September 2021

A saúde feminina é um processo multifatorial e de muitas fases. Uma das mais importantes e frequentes problemáticas é o câncer de colo de útero, que deve ser rastreado em todos os períodos, inclusive na gravidez. Objetivo: no geral, temos: abordar a importância do exame de Papanicolau em mulheres grávidas. Já os específicos são: descrever os tipos celulares vistos nos exames de PCCU durante a gravidez, relacionando com a ação hormonal desta fase e relacionar os achados de microrganismos mais comuns nos resultados de PCCU em grávidas. Metodologia: revisão bibliográfica sistemática, com um total de 39 materiais selecionados, dentre artigos científicos, manuais ou sites institucionais em pesquisa de câncer – a maioria obtidos por bases de dados científicas e compreendendo os últimos 3 anos completos, em português e inglês. Resultados e Discussão:  Foram abordados os fatores que contribuem para as taxas de adesão ao exame e também se percebeu a importância e segurança do procedimento, independente do período gestacional. Conclusão: O Papanicolau é confiável em gestantes, sua realização estando intimamente relacionada com níveis de educação sexual e de acesso a serviços de saúde, podendo melhorar significativamente a saúde feminina no país.
A assistência integral à saúde dos adolescentes privados de liberdade no Brasil: avanços e limites
Authors: Rissato Denise , Arcoverde Marcos Augusto Moraes , Alves Murilo Schurt
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi refletir sobre as condições e os desafios enfrentados para a concretização do direito à saúde dos adolescentes em privação de liberdade no Brasil, a partir da criação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde dos Adolescentes em conflito com a Lei, criada em 2004 e reformulada e ampliada em 2014. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de cunho exploratório sobre o direito e o acesso à atenção integral à saúde dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei em privação de liberdade. Os documentos e artigos evocados no texto, demonstram um histórico de negação ao direito à saúde para os adolescentes institucionalizados. Concluiu-se que passadas quase duas décadas desde a criação da referida política, as dificuldades para garantir o direito à saúde dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei ainda persistem em, praticamente, todo o território nacional, seja pelos próprios desafios, subjetividades e complexidades que envolvem o trabalho socioeducativo, seja pelos interesses e prioridades políticas. Por fim, cabe ressaltar que a legislação, por si só, não garante direitos, é imperativo o comprometimento político e ético da sociedade para consolidar a socioeducação enquanto política pública educativa, inclusiva e restaurativa.
Phenotypic and genetic analysis of virulence factors in multidrug- sensitive and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Silva Stephanie Targino , Lima Jailton Lobo da Costa , Rabelo Marcelle Aquino , Bezerra Neto Armando Monteiro , Alves Lílian Rodrigues , Pereira Jussyêgles Niedja da Paz , Lopes Ana Catarina de Souza , Maciel Maria Amélia Vieira
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to correlate the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility, phenotypic production of virulence factors, the occurrence of virulence factors genes and the clonal profile of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of a tertiary hospital in Recife-PE. The 30 clinical isolates (15 multidrug-sensitive (MDS) and 15 multidrug-resistant (MDR)) were analyzed using phenotypic methods to detect virulence factors (alkaline protease, hemolysin, phospholipase C, lipase, and pigments). The detection of the aprA, lasA, lasB, plcH, and toxA genes was performed through specific PCRs, and the clonal profile was assessed using ERIC-PCR. The results revealed cephalosporins being the class eliciting the highest percentage of resistance; the MDR isolates were all resistant. Among the MDS isolates, all were sensitive to carbapenems and quinolones. The MDR isolates produced less virulence factors such as pyocyanin and lipase, and exhibited lower expression of toxA and lasA genes, whereas the MDS isolates produced less hemolysin and phospholipase C. There was no difference between the groups for alkaline protease production and aprA gene expression. All the isolates produced pyocyanin and expressed lasB and plcH genes. A great genetic diversity was found, and it was possible to observe 28 genetic profiles. Clones were present among the MDR isolates. The occurrence of virulence factors in almost all the isolates studied suggests their high level of pathogenicity, demonstrating that this pathogen is capable of accumulating numerous virulence factors, and in some cases, is associated with multidrug resistance, which makes it difficult to treat these infections.
Seasonal aggregations of blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus at a marine protected area in the Gulf of California, assessed by unoccupied aerial vehicle surveys
Authors: Ayres KA , Ketchum JT , González-Armas R , Galván-Magaña F , Hearn A , Elorriaga-Verplancken FR , Martínez-Rincón RO , Hoyos-Padilla EM , Kajiura SM
Published: September 2021

No-take marine protected areas (MPAs) can provide spatial refuge for species throughout all or part of their life cycles. Cabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP) is a no-take MPA located on the south-east coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, where there has been an increase in the abundance and diversity of elasmobranch species since its closure to fishing. An unoccupied aerial vehicle was used to complete weekly aerial surveys over sandy habitat in CPNP to determine the relative abundance of blacktip sharksCarcharhinus limbatusover a 1 yr period in 2019.C. limbatuswere only observed during winter months, and abundance per survey ranged between 7 and 1086 sharks (289 ± 59, mean ± SE), yielding a maximum density of 4827 ind. km-2. A generalized additive model determined that sea surface temperature (SST), time of day, photoperiod and wind speed were significant influencers ofC. limbatusabundance. According to this model, higher abundance is expected when SST is lower than 25°C, during the afternoon, at low wind speeds (<4 knots) and when photoperiod is between 12 and 13 h. The close proximity ofC. limbatusto the shoreline is likely a result of a refuging behaviour, with sharks utilising the shallow sandy habitat to behaviourally thermoregulate and/or to avoid predators.
Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Varietas Bangkok
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin , Sabono Dena Carolina , Alfarabi Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

Candida sp. dan Cryptococcus sp. merupakan jamur oportunistik yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan dapat berakibat fatal jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat dan tepat. Saat ini terdapat permasalahan yaitu resistensi antijamur dan jenis terapi terhadap jamur yang terbatas. Terdapatnya bahan alam yang melimpah di Indonesia menjadi suatu potensi untuk mengembangkan obat anti jamur baru yang memiliki efektivitas tinggi, efek samping yang minimal, dan murah. Salah satu bahan alam yang belum tereksplorasi untuk antijamur adalah biji pepaya varietas bangkok. Biji pepaya selama ini lebih banyak menjadi limbah organik. Oleh karena hal tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antijamur dari ekstrak biji pepaya bangkok (Carica papaya L.). Jamur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Candida albicans dan Cryptococcus neoformans. Metode yang digunakan adalah perhitungan zona hambat pada sumur di cawan petri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat zona hambat pada media yang terdapat C. albicans dan C. neoformans.  Dapat disimpulkan, ekstrak biji papaya tidak memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap kedua jamur tersebut.

Kata kunci: Pepaya bangkok, Antijamur, Bahan alam

Abstract

Candida sp. and Cryptococcus sp. are opportunistic fungi that can be fatal disease in humans if not treated properly. However, resistance of antifungal drugs have been emerged, therefore limit their benefit for therapy. Many natural products in Indonesia have potential to be established for new antifungal drugs that have high effectiveness, minimal side effects, and inexpensive. Papaya bangkok seed has not been explored for its antifungal activity. This seed become more organic waste. The aim of this study was to test antifungal activity of various papaya bangkok seed extract concentrations. We measured the inhibiton zone of papaya extract to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Result showed no inhibition zone for each seed extract concentrations. Papaya bangkok seed extract has not antifungal activity.

Keywords: Papaya bangkok, antifungal, natural product
Development of a nursing assessment form for patients with diabetes mellitus in a hospital: A research and development study
Authors: Joeliantina Anita , Norontoko Dwi Adji , Anugrahini Hepta Nur
Published: September 2021

Background: People with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tend to seek herbal medicine or complementary drugs in their treatments. But, unfortunately, the existing nursing assessment forms have not prepared the format for the use of complementary medicine.
Objective: This study aimed to develop a nursing assessment form in patients with DM based on the Chronic Care Model (CCM) approach.
Methods: This study employed a Research and Development study design, which consists of ten stages. The nursing assessment form was developed based on CCM theory and integrated complementary medicines into the assessment form. A content validity test was done by four experts and calculated using Aiken's V formula. Face validity among 12 nurses through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was also employed to test the quality of the nursing assessment form based on three aspects: functionality, efficiency, and usability. In addition, nine nurses were included for pilot testing of the form. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.
Results: The nursing assessment form demonstrated a good content validity, with Aiken's V value of 0.94. The form was categorized based on four components of CCM: self-management support, decision support, social activities, and clinical information. Additionally, all nurses could fill the form properly.
Conclusion: The nursing assessment form is valid. It can be used for nurses to assess patients with DM based on the CCM with an additional component to evaluate the use of complementary medicine.
Study of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in transgenic plants Nicotiana tabacum under abiotic stress conditions
Authors: Pristupa Kristina V. , Kukulianskaya Tatsiana A. , Khramtsova Elena A.
Published: September 2021

We conducted a comparative analysis of biochemical parameters for the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in non-transgenic and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, plants cultivated in heavy metal polluted soils. Transgenic plants had in their genome a bacterial acdS-gene encoding the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC-deaminase) enzyme. The introduction of elevated concentrations of copper, chromium, and lead ions into the soil promotes induction of the acdS-gene expression and an increase in ACC-deaminase activity in transgenic plants. It was shown the content of ascorbic acid (АА), glutathione, ascorbate peroxidase (АРХ) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in plants under abiotic stress.
The effect of ultraviolet diode radiation on the growth rate of Alternaria colonies
Authors: Rusakovich Alina A. , Shashko Antonina Yu. , Viatoshkin Aliaksei A. , Saldatsenka Aliaksei A. , Balvanovich Uladzimir V. , Smolich Ihar I. , Sokolik Anatoliy I. , Shashko Yuri K. , Demidchik Vadim V.
Published: September 2021

Phytopathogenic micromycetes induce dangerous crop diseases. Traditionally, fungicides have been used to prevent these diseases. In recent years, environmentally friendly non-chemical methods for combating fungal infections have been developed. In particular, ultraviolet (UV) treatment of various wavelengths, intensities and origins has been shown to be effective. In this work, we have analysed the effect of diode low-intensity shortwave UV radiation (UV-C) on the growth and potential viability of the mycelium of Alternaria radicina and A. alternata, the pathogens of important crops. It was shown that irradiation by UV-C diode inhibited growth of Alternaria species at the early stages of development. This effect was high in the first 3 d after UV exposure; however, after 5 d after irradiation, the growth of pathogenic fungi fully restored, suggesting that UV can be only used for partial removal of Alternaria. It was found that A. alternata is less sensitive to diode UV irradiation. The obtained results indicate that the Alternaria micromycetes, particularly, A. alternata, containing high melanin levels, are resistant to low-intensity UV-C diode irradiation.
Analysis of the efficiency factors of electrotransformation of Bacillus subtilis to inactivate the aroK gene by the method of homologous recombination
Authors: Yui Chao  , Lahodzich Aleksei V.
Published: September 2021

A hyper-osmotic electrotransformation method was developed for strain Bacillus subtilis. Sorbitol and mannitol are included in the hyper-osmotic electroporation medium and recovery medium. In this study, the hyper-osmotic electroporation method was optimised to increase the transformation efficiency of B. subtilis strain 5434 (non-transformable by chemical methods) by 430 fold, with a maximum value of 8.6 ⋅ 105 CFU/µg of integrative plasmid DNA. With the electroporation setted 25 µF, 23 kV/cm, 200 Ω, the method was optimised as follows: a) the OD600 value of the bacterial culture solution was increased to about 1.2, which significantly enhanced survival of bacteria and quantity of viable B.subtilis strain 5434 cells after electroporation; b) the elution frequency of washing solution (hyper-osmotic electroporation medium) for complement cells was increased from 3 to 5 times, resulted in significantly reducing the conductivity of the hyper-osmotic electoporation medium with competent cells (electrocompetent cultue), and effectively extending the pulse time under the same electric field strength; c) quantity of integrative plasmid DNA added to hyper-osmotic electrocompetent culture was optimised. These results indicate that increasing the number of viable B. subtilis strain 5434 cells and reducing the number of metal ions in the electroporation solution mix (integrative plasmid DNA, competent cells of B. subtilis strain 5434, electroporation medium) are useful approach to improve transfomation efficiency of B. subtilis strain 5434. Concentration of shikimic acid in the fermentation medium was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Quantification of shikimic acid revealed that B. subtilis strain 5434p4SA produced 403.98 ± 9.1 µg/mL of shikimic acid.
Long-term Central Waikato summer-autumn rainfall and pasture growth trends. Are conditions for pasture growth changing over time?
Authors: Glassey Chris , Wills Grant , McCahon Kieran , Dodd Mike , Chapman David
Published: September 2021

Farmers in the upper North Island are concerned about the poor productivity of their perennial ryegrass pastures beyond 3 years and suggest this is linked to a trend towards drier conditions for pasture growth during summer and autumn. To explore how conditions for pasture growth and survival have changed, trends in rainfall (measured and interpolated; c. 1954 to 2020), frequency of soil moisture deficit stress on pasture growth (1972-2020), and pasture growth rates (simulated 1977-2020, and measured c. 1979-2020) were compiled for summer-autumn months (November to April) for two Waikato locations: DairyNZ Ruakura/Scott Farm near Hamilton; and a commercial farm at Paratu Road between Morrinsville and Matamata. Significant negative linear trends were observed for interpolated rainfall (Paratu Road only), total stress days (both sites) and simulated pasture growth (both sites). No significant trend in measured pasture growth was observed for either site, suggesting adaptive management has cushioned the physical effects of harsher climatic conditions. The suite of adaptive management practices adopted on the Paratu Road farm is described. Analysis of decadal patterns indicated greater variability in rainfall in the decade 2011-2020 (coefficient of variation ranging from 32% to 36% depending on site and data source, versus ~ 22% in earlier decades) and a significantly higher number of stress days in the decade 2011-2020 compared with the 1970s and 1980s at Paratu Road. Further adaptation strategies will be needed to mitigate these most-recent trends, should they continue as predicted by climate change forecasts.
Limites de vibração de corpo inteiro no mundo
Authors: Camargos de Sousa Valdiney
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo realizou uma análise técnica dos limites e metodologias adotados para avaliação de vibração ocupacional de corpo inteiro em 56 países. O artigo também discute as metodologias e justificativas adotadas no Brasil para avaliar a vibração de corpo inteiro que difere da maioria dos países. A vibração constitui um fator de risco para a saúde nos ambientes ocupacionais se dá de forma total, ou seja, é transferida para todo o corpo. Devido aos diversos efeitos à saúde, atualmente 29% países possuem limites legais para a vibração de corpo inteiro. Quase a totalidade dos países adotam as metodologias e procedimentos da ISO 2631-1, mas não necessariamente adotam os valores do guia de orientação à saúde adotado em 1997. Os valore limites adotados mundialmente 67% estão acima do limite superior da zona de cautela para o método Root mean square (rms) que é o utilizado por 100% dos países, enquanto método adicional VDV é adotado por menos de 11%. A aceleração do pior eixo para avaliar o rico à saúde conforme determina o padrão ISO é adotado por 96,6% dos países. O Brasil adota a metodologia resultante que é a soma quadrática dos três eixos, mas não foram encontrados evidencias que embasem tão escolha. Conclui-se que o Brasil deve revisar os limites adotados atualmente que são mais restritivos, mais não constitui maior proteção, pois os efeitos da vibração dependem de múltiplos fatores, que incluem, por exemplo, fatores ergonômicos da atividade laboral.
A formação do Direito do Trabalho no Brasil
Authors: Santana Lima Renata
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo investigou-se a formação inicial do Direito do Trabalho no Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se técnica vinculada à documentação indireta. No primeiro tópico, levantaram-se informações históricas e econômicas sobre a utilização da mão de obra escrava, bem como apontou-se como este processo permeou a formação da sociedade brasileira. Em seguida, apresentou-se a substituição do trabalho escravo pelo de imigrantes europeus e como a herança escravocrata perpetuou-se também sobre esses trabalhadores. A partir daí, discutiram-se as péssimas condições de vida dos trabalhadores durante a expansão industrial e os movimentos operários que reivindicaram mudanças. Por fim, destacaram-se as primeiras legislações trabalhistas. Esse processo permitiu alcançar duas conclusões: a repercussão da escravidão sobre a formação das relações trabalhistas no Brasil e a desmitificação da concepção de que a legislação trabalhista nacional não foi fruto de lutas da classe trabalhadora.
O trabalho infantil e a pandemia de COVID-19: análise das repercussões da crise pandêmica nos contratos de aprendizagem
Authors: Duarte Matheus Prestes Tavares , Martins Cavalcanti Camilla , De Lima Marques Santiago Sousa Vanessa
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho versa sobre os impactos da pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 no cenário brasileiro de trabalho infantil e exploração de crianças e adolescentes, especialmente, daqueles que possuem idade igual ou superior a quatorze anos, firmando seu escopo de análise sobre os contratos de aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, o artigo em comento tem por objetivo realizar, por meio de revisão bibliográfica atinente à temática e aos efeitos da COVID-19, bem como de consulta a fontes legislativas, documentos internacionais e dados quantitativos, uma análise sistêmica das atuais funções e finalidades assumidas pelo instituto jurídico do contrato de aprendizagem no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, isso para que, ao fim, concluindo-se pelos riscos que a pandemia representa ao cumprimento desses mesmos propósitos, sejam concebidas e propostas estratégias de enfrentamento aptas a minimizarem os prejuízos ocasionados pela crise sanitária vivenciada, de modo a assegurar aos jovens a observância de seus direitos fundamentais, efetivando-se os ditames da Doutrina da Proteção Integral e do princípio da vedação do retrocesso social.
Semiotic analysis of formal operational students with field dependent and field independent cognitive style in linear programming problem solving
Authors: Setiawati Karmila Putri , Lukito Agung , Khabibah Siti
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan semiotika siswa operasional formal dengan gaya kognitif berbeda dalam pemecahan masalah pemrograman linear. Subjek penelitian ini adalah satu siswa bergaya kognitif field-dependent (SFD) dan satu siswa bergaya kognitif field-independent (SFI). Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui pemberian tugas pemecahan masalah pemrograman linear dan wawancara semi-terstruktur berbasis tugas. Proses analisis jawaban siswa dalam pemecahan masalah pemrograman linear berdasarkan indikator semiotika yang meliputi simbol, kode, dan makna serta tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa semiotika yang dilakukan kedua siswa operasional formal dengan gaya kognitif berbeda ini dalam memecahkan masalah pemrograman linear belum menciptakan informasi yang bermakna karena pada penggunaan simbol, pembuatan kode, dan pembuatan makna tidak dilakukan secara lengkap.
Sexualidade e deficiência: reflexões a partir de um curta metragem
Authors: Zuin Luiz Fernando , Denari Fatima Elizabeth , Vicente Aparecido Renan
Published: September 2021

A sexualidade ainda é um tema polêmico que desperta dificuldades í queles que cotidianamente se defrontam com essa questão, e a problemática pode ser ainda maior quando falamos da sexualidade de pessoas com deficiência, cuja exclusão afeta principalmente o campo sexual. O senso comum elenca o público com deficiência como assexuado, tornando-o excluí­do sexualmente. Frente ao exposto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas no campo sexual por jovens com Sí­ndrome de Down a partir da análise do curta metragem Colegas, filme do diretor Marcelo Galvão lançado no ano de 2013. A metodologia utilizada foi a do método descritivo, considerando as cenas mais marcantes em comparativo com a realidade social. Os resultados apontam que é preciso, a partir de uma visão otimista, valorizar os aspectos positivos em detrimento dos preconceitos, dos mitos e tabus que abarcam a sexualidade da pessoa com Sí­ndrome de Down.Palavras- chave: Sexualidade, Estigma, Sí­ndrome de Down.
The Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Helichrysum odoratissimum Against Cutibacterium acnes Biofilms
Authors: De Canha Marco Nuno , Thipe Velaphi Clement , Katti Kattesh V. , Mandiwana Vusani , Kalombo Michel Lonji , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Rikhotso Rirhandzu , Janse van Vuuren Arno , Lall Namrita
Published: September 2021

The human skin is home to millions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses which form part of a unique microbiome. Commensal microbes, including Cutibacterium acnes can occasionally become opportunistic resulting in the onset of dermatological diseases such as acne. Acne is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder based on its ability to persist for long periods throughout an individual’s life. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was performed using the bottom-up approach by reduction of a gold salt (HAuCl4.3H2O) by the methanol extract (HO-MeOH) and aqueous decoction prepared from the dried aerial parts of Helichrysum odoratissimum (HO-Powder). The HO-MeOH and HO-Powder AuNPs were prepared as unstabilised (−GA) or stabilized (+GA) by the omission or addition of Gum Arabic (GA) as the capping agent. The characterization of the AuNPs was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet-Visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Zeta-potential. The MBIC50 values for HO-MeOH − GA and HO-MeOH + GA were 1.79 ± 0.78% v/v and 0.22 ± 0.16% v/v, respectively. The HO-Powder AuNPs showed potent inhibition of C. acnes cell adhesion to the 96-well plates. The HO-MeOH − GA and HO-Powder + GA exhibited IC50 of 22.01 ± 6.13% v/v and 11.78 ± 1.78% v/v, respectively. The activity of the AuNPs validated the anti-adhesion activity of the methanol extract in the crude form. The study emphasizes the selectivity of H. odoratissimum AuNPs for the prevention of C. acnes cell adhesion and not antimicrobial activity, which may prevent the emergence of resistant strains of C. acnes through reduced bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity, while targeting mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Responses of Epibranchial Placodes to Disruptions of the FGF and BMP Signaling Pathways in Embryonic Mice
Authors: Washausen Stefan , Knabe Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Placodes are ectodermal thickenings of the embryonic vertebrate head. Their descendants contribute to sensory organ development, but also give rise to sensory neurons of the cranial nerves. In mammals, the signaling pathways which regulate the morphogenesis and neurogenesis of epibranchial placodes, localized dorsocaudally to the pharyngeal clefts, are poorly understood. Therefore, we performed mouse whole embryo culture experiments to assess the impact of pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors, anti-FGFR3 neutralizing antibodies or the pan-bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) inhibitor LDN193189 on epibranchial development. We demonstrate that each of the three paired epibranchial placodes is regulated by a unique combination of FGF and/or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Thus, neurogenesis depends on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals, albeit to different degrees, in all epibranchial placodes (EP), whereas only EP1 and EP3 significantly rely on neurogenic BMP signals. Furthermore, individual epibranchial placodes vary in the extent to which FGF and/or BMP signals (1) have access to certain receptor subtypes, (2) affect the production of Neurogenin (Ngn)2+ and/or Ngn1+ neuroblasts, and (3) regulate either neurogenesis alone or together with structural maintenance. In EP2 and EP3, all FGF-dependent production of Ngn2+ neuroblasts is mediated via FGFR3 whereas, in EP1, it depends on FGFR1 and FGFR3. Differently, production of FGF-dependent Ngn1+ neuroblasts almost completely depends on FGFR3 in EP1 and EP2, but not in EP3. Finally, FGF signals turned out to be responsible for the maintenance of both placodal thickening and neurogenesis in all epibranchial placodes, whereas administration of the pan-BMPR inhibitor, apart from its negative neurogenic effects in EP1 and EP3, causes only decreases in the thickness of EP3. Experimentally applied inhibitors most probably not only blocked receptors in the epibranchial placodes, but also endodermal receptors in the pharyngeal pouches, which act as epibranchial signaling centers. While high doses of pan-FGFR inhibitors impaired the development of all pharyngeal pouches, high doses of the pan-BMPR inhibitor negatively affected only the pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4. In combination with partly concordant, partly divergent findings in other vertebrate classes our observations open up new approaches for research into the complex regulation of neurogenic placode development.
A Novel TCGA-Validated, MiRNA-Based Signature for Prediction of Breast Cancer Prognosis and Survival
Authors: Tian Baoxing , Hou Mengjie , Zhou Kun , Qiu Xia , Du Yibao , Gu Yifan , Yin Xiaoxing , Wang Jie
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer affecting women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Compelling evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are inextricably involved in the development of cancer. Here, we constructed a novel model, based on miRNA-seq and clinical data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Data from a total of 962 patients were included in this study, and the relationships among their clinicopathological features, survival, and miRNA-seq expression levels were analyzed. Hsa-miR-186 and hsa-miR-361 were identified as internal reference miRNAs and used to normalize miRNA expression data. A five-miRNA signature, constructed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression, was significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients with BC. Kaplan–Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to confirm the clinical significance of the five-miRNA signature. Finally, a nomogram was constructed based on the five-miRNA signature to evaluate its clinical value. Cox regression analysis revealed that a five-miRNA signature was significantly associated with DSS of patients with BC. KM analysis demonstrated that the signature could efficiently distinguish high- and low-risk patients. Moreover, ROC analysis showed that the five-miRNA signature exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the prognosis of patients with BC. Patients in the high-risk subgroup who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly lower incidence of mortality than those who did not. A nomogram constructed based on the five-miRNA signature was effective in predicting 5-year DSS. This study presents a novel five-miRNA signature as a reliable prognostic tool to predict DSS and provide theoretical reference significance for individualized clinical decisions for patients with BC.
Uncovering the Association Between m5C Regulator-Mediated Methylation Modification Patterns and Tumour Microenvironment Infiltration Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Xinyu , Zhou Haibo , Chu Qingfei , Zheng Qiuxian , Wang Jing , Zhu Haihong
Published: September 2021

Background: 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) plays essential roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the association between m5C regulation and immune cell infiltration in HCC has not yet been clarified.

Methods: In this study, we analysed 371 patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the expression of 13 m5C regulators was investigated. Additionally, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), unsupervised clustering analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), correlation analysis, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed.

Results: Among the 371 patients, 41 had mutations in m5C regulators, the frequency of which was 11.26%. Compared with normal hepatic tissues, the expression of m5C regulators with copy number variations (CNVs) expansion was significantly higher than that in HCC tissues. Then, we identified three m5C modification patterns that had obvious tumour microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration characteristics. The prognostic analysis of the three major m5C modification subtypes showed that Cluster-2 had a clear survival advantage over the others. In addition, we found that DNMT1 was highly expressed in tumour tissues compared with normal tissues in a tissue microarray (TMA) and that it was positively correlated with many TME-infiltrating immune cells. High expression of the m5C regulator DNMT1 was related to a poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Furthermore, we developed three distinct Immu-clusters. Importantly, mRNAs related to the transcription of growth factor β (TGF-β)/EMT pathway were significantly up-regulated in Immu-cluster 2, indicating that this cluster is considered to be the immune rejection phenotype. Immu-cluster 3 showed elevated expression of mRNAs related to immune checkpoint genes.

Conclusion: Our work revealed the association between m5C modification and immune regulators in the TME. These findings also suggest that DNMT1 has great potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Thermodynamics-Based Model Construction for the Accurate Prediction of Molecular Properties From Partition Coefficients
Authors: Chen Deliang , Huang Xiaoqing , Fan Yulan
Published: September 2021

Developing models for predicting molecular properties of organic compounds is imperative for drug development and environmental safety; however, development of such models that have high predictive power and are independent of the compounds used is challenging. To overcome the challenges, we used a thermodynamics-based theoretical derivation to construct models for accurately predicting molecular properties. The free energy change that determines a property equals the sum of the free energy changes (ΔGFs) caused by the factors affecting the property. By developing or selecting molecular descriptors that are directly proportional to ΔGFs, we built a general linear free energy relationship (LFER) for predicting the property with the molecular descriptors as predictive variables. The LFER can be used to construct models for predicting various specific properties from partition coefficients. Validations show that the models constructed according to the LFER have high predictive power and their performance is independent of the compounds used, including the models for the properties having little correlation with partition coefficients. The findings in this study are highly useful for applications in drug development and environmental safety.
Overexpressed lncRNA ROR Promotes the Biological Characteristics of ox-LDL-Induced HUVECs via the let-7b-5p/HOXA1 Axis in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yu Cong , Wu Bin , Jiang Jinsong , Yang Guangwei , Weng Chao , Cai Fei
Published: September 2021

The long non-coding RNA regulator of reprogramming (lncRNA ROR) is involved in atherosclerosis (AS), but the specific mechanism remains unclear. The expressions of lncRNA ROR, let-7b-5p, Homeobox A1 (HOXA1), and apoptosis-associated proteins in the serum of AS patients and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The relationships of lncRNA ROR, let-7b-5p, and HOXA1 were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test. The viability and the migration of HUVECs were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. The predicted target gene and the potential binding sites were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. lncRNA ROR was highly expressed in AS, which promoted the cell viability and migration of HUVECs, while lncRNA ROR silencing produced the opposite results. The expression of let-7b-5p, which bound to lncRNA ROR, was downregulated in AS, indicating that the two genes were negatively correlated. Besides this, let-7b-5p reversed the effects of upregulated lncRNA ROR expression on let-7b-5p expression, cell viability, and migration as well as the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins of ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. HOXA1 was targeted by let-7b-5p and upregulated in AS, with its expression being negatively correlated with let-7b-5p but positively correlated with lncRNA ROR. In ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, overexpressed HOXA1 reversed the effects of let-7b-5p, and HOXA1 silencing reversed the effects of lncRNA ROR. In AS, lncRNA ROR promoted the biological characteristics of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein-induced HUVECs via the let-7b-5p/HOXA1 axis.