bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is routine hospital episode data sufficient for identifying individuals with chronic kidney disease? A comparison study with laboratory data
Authors: Robertson Lynn M , Denadai Lucas , Black Corri , Fluck Nicholas , Prescott Gordon , Simpson William , Wilde Katie , Marks Angharad
Published: January 2015

Internationally, investment in the availability of routine health care data for improving health, health surveillance and health care is increasing. We assessed the validity of hospital episode data for identifying individuals with chronic kidney disease compared to biochemistry data in a large population-based cohort, the Grampian Laboratory Outcomes, Morbidity and Mortality Study-II (n = 70,435). Grampian Laboratory Outcomes, Morbidity and Mortality Study-II links hospital episode data to biochemistry data for all adults in a health region with impaired kidney function and random samples of individuals with normal and unmeasured kidney function in 2003. We compared identification of individuals with chronic kidney disease by hospital episode data (based on International Classification of Diseases-10 codes) to the reference standard of biochemistry data (at least two estimated glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at least 90 days apart). Hospital episode data, compared to biochemistry data, identified a lower prevalence of chronic kidney disease and had low sensitivity (<10%) but high specificity (>97%). Using routine health care data from multiple sources offers the best opportunity to identify individuals with chronic kidney disease.
Interprofessional, simulation-based technology-enhanced learning to improve physical healthcare in psychiatry: The RAMPPS course
Authors: Akroyd Mike , Jordan Gary , Rowlands Paul
Published: January 2015

People with serious mental illness have reduced life expectancy compared with a control population, much of which is accounted for by significant physical comorbidity. Frontline clinical staff in mental health often lack confidence in recognition, assessment and management of such ‘medical’ problems. Simulation provides one way for staff to practise these skills in a safe setting. We produced a multidisciplinary simulation course around recognition and assessment of medical problems in psychiatric settings. We describe an audit of strategic and design aspects of the recognition and assessment of medical problems in psychiatric settings, using the Department of Health’s ‘Framework for Technology Enhanced Learning’ as our audit standards. At the same time, as highlighting areas where recognition and assessment of medical problems in psychiatric settings adheres to these identified principles, such as the strategic underpinning of the approach, and the means by which information is collected, reviewed and shared, it also helps us to identify areas where we can improve.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of hinged compliant beam mechanisms for pulse-activated bistable actuators
Authors: Ortega Alejandro , Ahuett-Garza Horacio
Published: January 2015

This work presents a novel coupled multiphysics dynamic analytic model of a linear bistable actuator activated by an electromagnetic pulse. The model consists of a set of coupled differential equations that describe the dynamics of the interaction between the forces and masses of the actuator and the electromagnetic fields used to cause motion, including parameters from the electromagnetic excitation source, the hinged compliant mechanism, and the inertial elements of the actuator. The mathematical models are solved numerically to predict the output motion of the actuator over time, and to study the effects produced by variations in material properties, dimensions and excitation source parameters on displacement output and other actuator physical parameters such as the excitation current. A physical prototype of an actuator was designed and built to validate predictions made by the models. The prototype successfully drives the mass of the system from the first to the second stable equilibrium with estimated input source parameters. The modeling technique can be applied to other devices in which their mechanical and electromagnetic sections can be represented by closed analytical expressions.
Women reporting sport: Still a man’s game?
Authors: Franks Suzanne , O’Neill Deirdre
Published: January 2015

While it is generally known that sports journalism is an area of gender disparity, no major academic study has established the proportion of women sports writers in the UK press. Although female sports broadcasters have increased their visibility in the United Kingdom, the same is not true in the print media. This research first examines the current visibility of women sports journalists in the national UK press, by counting by-lines according to gender. Second, a study explores if the 2012 London Olympic Games had any effect on the proportion of female sports writers in the UK press, by comparing sports by-lines in a sample 6 months before and after the games. Furthermore, these results are compared to a decade earlier to see if the situation has improved. The findings indicate that the proportion of female sports writers in the UK press is lower than in comparable countries, with little improvement over time.
The email-diary: a promising research tool for the 21st century?
Authors: Jones Adam , Woolley Janet
Published: January 2015

The global research community has identified that, as society becomes ever more mobile and 24/7-oriented, data collection methods that reflect the day-to-day experiences of its participants need to be developed. This article reviews the success and issues of using a solicited email-diary, developed to investigate the impact on commuters of London hosting the 2012 Olympic Games. Research on the effectiveness of diaries as a method of data collection is limited, while there appears to be no analysis using email as a method of soliciting diary responses. The article identifies the research opportunities for an email-diary and the solutions it provides to a number of the problems and limitations experienced with a traditional pen-and-paper diary.
Beyond solitary play in computer games: The social practices of eSports
Authors: Seo Yuri , Jung Sang-Uk
Published: January 2015

This article adopts the theory of social practices as a critical lens for understanding computer game consumption as multiple ‘nexuses of doings and sayings’, which represent the elements of and are situated within the broader context of consumer culture. Specifically, we explore an emerging phenomenon of an organised and competitive approach to computer gaming, referred to as ‘electronic sports’ or ‘eSports’, by offering a novel conceptualisation of eSports as an assemblage of consumption practices. In our endeavour, we illustrate that eSports practices are performed by consumers through multiple interconnected nexuses of unique understandings, tools, competencies and skills, whereby these nexuses transcend the elements of digital play to include the watching and governing of eSports. Accordingly, eSports consumers take on multiple roles beyond being considered merely as ‘players’, engaging with this phenomenon using different nexuses of practical activities. Our findings suggest that, in order to gain a more comprehensive perspective of what consumers actually do with computer games, we should explore gaming consumption in relation to different social practices that co-constitute multifaceted consumer engagement within this genre.
Mancaves and masculinity
Authors: Moisio Risto , Beruchashvili Mariam
Published: January 2015

How do mancaves, male spaces in or around the house, contribute to construction of masculinity? Our research challenges the perspective that male spaces emerge in opposition to the feminine conception of home. Findings from interviews with American suburban men reveal that male spaces represent therapeutic venues that help men in alleviating identity pressures created by work as well as domestic life and aid revitalization of men’s identities as fathers and husbands. Circumscribed by egalitarian ideology and the family ideal, male spaces also foster paternal and fraternal bonds instrumental for creating masculinity at home.
Regimes of healthy living: The reality of ageing in urban China and the cultivation of new normative subjects
Authors: Sun Wanning
Published: January 2015

China is quickly becoming one of the most ageing populations in Asia. Ageing and the associated issue of health care are becoming two key concerns for the government, the market, individual senior citizens and medical and health professionals alike. However, although we have some knowledge about what issues and problems exist in the domain of health and ageing, we know little about how these issues and problems inform individuals’ consumption practices and ethical positions of how they should live their lives. This article explores a range of problematic and uncertain situations facing the ageing population in urban China. Drawing on in-depth interviews with more than 20 senior citizens in a Chinese city, the article aims to understand the process by which new ethical ageing subjects come to be formed as individuals negotiate their positions vis-à-vis consumer advice from medical and health professionals, the government and the market. The article starts by identifying the most powerful forces shaping the health-keeping discourses and consumption practices adopted by senior citizens. It then provides an account of how ordinary retired citizens engage in health-keeping practices on a daily basis. Finally, the article outlines the host of feelings that motivate China’s senior citizens’ active participation in the regimes of healthy living, as well as a range of everyday ethical positions that emerge from their consumption practices. The article argues that as China has been transformed from a socialist state into a neoliberal regime, questions of how neoliberalism works as both a set of techniques of governing and a set of socio-economic policies in the Chinese context must be answered. In the same way that the biopower is a pertinent question to ask of any modern society, how a neoliberal governmentality and its biopolitics work in the Chinese context is both relevant and timely.
“How many slaves work for you?” Race, new media, and neoliberal consumer activism
Authors: Page Allison
Published: January 2015

This article analyzes the website slaveryfootprint.org, which purports to measure consumers’ reliance on slave labor in the Global South by analyzing the users’ consumption habits. The site offers neoliberal consumer solutions to “solve” the problem of what it terms modern-day slavery. I argue that the characterization of slavery on slaveryfootprint.org (and the process of de-fetishizing this labor) attempts to shore up a distinction between “free” and forced labor, but unwittingly illuminates the ambiguity of this divide. By understanding slavery as embedded in capitalism, I suggest that we can challenge slaveryfootprint.org’s distinction between “free” labor and slavery, and in the process, the notion of “ethical” consumption.
Consumption and repression
Authors: Cluley Robert
Published: January 2015

Time and again consumer research shows us that people find ways to ignore what they know as they engage in consumption activities that they find immoral, unethical, embarrassing or self-destructive. To put this in terms of Freudian psychoanalysis, people often repress what they know about their consumption. To explore the relationship between consumption and repression, the article offers a reading of Freud as a consumer and a detailed exposition of Freud’s account of repression. The article then sets out two ways in which repression and consumption can work together. First, the article shows how consumption produces material that people need to repress. Second, the article shows how consumption, itself, can enact repressions by allowing people to communicate things they do not want to say. The article demonstrates each of these consumer behaviours through a speculative analysis of Freud’s own consumption practices.
Liberty and its economies
Authors: Gourevitch Alex
Published: January 2015

The revival of classical liberal thought has reignited a debate about economic freedom and social justice. Classical liberals claim to defend expansive economic freedom, while their critics wish to restrict this freedom for other values. However, there are two problems with the role ‘economic freedom’ plays in this debate: inconsistency in the use of the concept and indeterminacy with respect to its definition. Inconsistency in the use of the concept ‘freedom’ has mistakenly made a certain kind of ‘left-wing’ critique of poverty, and of markets generally, appear to be a concern with inequality in means to enjoy freedom, not with freedom itself. Indeterminacy about which beings and doings the basic liberties protect misrepresents the left-wing position as about something other than economic freedom. Inconsistency and indeterminacy lead to artificial narrowness in current debates and to a failure to see that disagreement is based not just on moral differences but also on conceptual confusion. This confusion leads both classical liberals and their critics to claim more than they may legitimately do, and to ignore a position that accepts the standard of definition of freedom but arrives at different institutional conclusions about what secures that freedom.
“I Want to Full My Tank”
Authors: Merlino Aldo
Published: January 2015

In this autoethnographical essay, I focus on the difficulties related to improper use of a second language. I show how such misuse contributes to the attribution of personality qualities to the speaker and, consequently, how the identity of the speaker gets lost and replaced by a new (acoustic) identity. Such acoustic identity is given by pragmatic failures that emerge when people speak a second language.
Videogames as Remediated Memories
Authors: Sloan Robin J. S.
Published: January 2015

In the last decade, the maturation of the first generation of gamers has underpinned growing discussion of nostalgia for and in videogames. This article considers how the search for a connection to our past can be satisfied through consumption of the richly remediated memories represented in nostalgic videogames. Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon and Gone Home are analyzed framed by Baudrillard’s theories of consumer objects and simulation. These videogames make extensive use of 1980s and 1990s cultural referents. In particular, they embed references to media (such as music, film, and television) that epitomize memories of these periods. The aim of the article is to discuss the ways in which the videogames commodify nostalgia to fulfill a consumer need for retrospection, and to examine the extent to which they provide a simulation of cultural memory that blurs historical reality with period modes of representation.
Procedural Rhetoric Beyond Persuasion
Authors: Matheson Calum
Published: January 2015

Over the past several years, video game studies have benefited from attention to important tools in the discipline of rhetoric. Most notably, Ian Bogost has introduced the concept of procedural rhetoric. Although Bogost defined rhetoric primarily as persuasion, there is no such definitional harmony among rhetoricians. In this article, I explore possibilities for a rhetorical understanding of video games beyond persuasion. The 2014 iOS and Android game First Strike is an example of the repetition compulsion as a means of compensating for the perceived traumatic Real. In examining this game, I hope to show that the intersection of psychoanalysis and rhetoric allows a productive account of simulation and suggests a way forward beyond the impasse of contingency and structure, attending the formal aspects of trope that make certain procedures durable sites of affective investment and enjoyment.
Parent Perspectives on Privacy and Governance for a Pediatric Repository of Non-Biological, Research Data
Authors: Manhas Kiran P. , Page Stacey , Dodd Shawn X. , Letourneau Nicole , Ambrose Aleta , Cui Xinjie , Tough Suzanne C.
Published: January 2015

Research data repositories (RDRs) are data storage entities where data can be submitted, stored, and subsequently accessed for purposes beyond the original intent. There is little information relating to non-biological RDRs, nor considerations regarding pediatric data storage and re-use. We examined parent perspectives on pediatric, non-biological RDRs. Qualitative, descriptive methods including both interviews and focus groups were used. Purposive sampling of adult participants in two provincial birth cohorts yielded 19 interviewees and 18 focus group participants (4 groups). Transcripts were analyzed by thematic content analysis. Parent research participants strongly supported the sharing of their own, and their child’s, non-biological research data. Four themes emerged: that altruism has limits, that participants have ongoing privacy concerns, that some participants need the assurance of congruent values between themselves and researchers/research questions, and that opinions diverge for some governance issues. The establishment of RDRs is important and maximizes participants’, researchers’, and funders’ investments. Participants as data donors have concerns relating to privacy, relationships, and governance that must be considered in RDR development.
Emplaced witnessing: Commemorative practices among the Wayuu in the Upper Guajira
Authors: Riaño-Alcalá Pilar
Published: January 2015

This article explores witnessing in the context of mass violation of human rights. It analyses the commemorative practices of a Wayuu community around the 2004 massacre when six Wayuu, four of them women, were killed and the entire community forcibly displaced from their ancestral territory in the north-eastern part of Colombia (Guajira region). The annual commemoration temporarily brings the displaced back to their land to share, remember and have political discussions on the demands for justice and return to the territory. During these days, the Wayuu perform plural forms of testimony through the recreation of everyday life; the walking and re-signifying of the paths and sites of destruction; the remaking of places; and the re-enactment of their demands for return. This analysis highlights the restorative nature of these emplaced forms of witnessing and the role of testimony through which leaders and elders give public voice to their suffering and resistance to violence. These practices relocate the witnessing authority of outsider researchers in a relational field where survivor testimonial practices share space, knowledge production and political agendas with outsider witnesses.
Treatment and management of ascites and hepatorenal syndrome: an update
Authors: Lenz Kurt , Buder Robert , Kapun Lisbeth , Voglmayr Martin
Published: January 2015

Ascites and renal dysfunction are frequent complications experienced by patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Ascites is the pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and is one of the cardinal signs of portal hypertension. The diagnostic evaluation of ascites involves assessment of its granulocyte count and protein concentration to exclude complications such as infection or malignoma and to allow risk stratification for the development of spontaneous peritonitis. Although sodium restriction and diuretics remain the cornerstone of the management of ascites, many patients require additional therapy when they become refractory to this treatment. In this situation, the treatment of choice is repeated large-volume paracentesis. Alteration in splanchnic hemodynamics is one of the most important changes underlying the development of ascites. Further splanchnic dilation leads to changes in systemic hemodynamics, activating vasopressor agents and leading to decreased renal perfusion. Small alterations in renal function influence the prognosis, which depends on the cause of renal failure. Prerenal failure is evident in about 70% of patients, whereas in about 30% of patients the cause is hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), which is associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, effective therapy is of great clinical importance. Recent data indicate that use of the new definition of acute kidney injury facilitates the identification and treatment of patients with renal insufficiency more rapidly than use of the current criteria for HRS. In this review article, we evaluate approaches to the management of patients with ascites and HRS.
Clubfoot Associated With Congenital Constriction Band
Authors: Agarwal Anil , Shaharyar Abbas , Kumar Anubrat
Published: January 2015

Background. The clubfoot and congenital constriction band is a known association in which the clubfoot is considered as being rigid, responding poorly to casting, and requiring surgical interventions. Objective and Methods. The series describes 3 cases of clubfoot with deep ipsilateral congenital constriction bands managed with Ponseti method and immediate outcomes achieved. Results and conclusions. The feet responded favorably to casting although equinus correction required more extensive surgical interventions. The preexisting edema in distal limb often precluded a snuggly fitting cast increasing the cast numbers. Careful monitoring of vascularity is essential. Simultaneous procedures of release of constriction bands, correction of hand anomalies and equinus can be combined to the advantage of the patient.

Levels of Evidence: Case report, Level IV
Unstable Surface Improves Quadriceps:Hamstring Co-contraction for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Strategies
Authors: Shultz Rebecca , Silder Amy , Malone Maria , Braun Hillary Jane , Dragoo Jason Logan
Published: January 2015

Background:

Increasing quadriceps:hamstring muscular co-contraction at the knee may reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle activation in the quadriceps and hamstrings and peak kinematics of the knee, hip, and trunk when performing a single-leg drop (SLD) on to a Bosu ball (unstable surface) compared with on to the floor (stable surface).

Hypotheses:

(1) The SLD on an unstable surface would lower the quadriceps to hamstrings electromyographic (EMG) activation ratio (Q:H EMG activation ratio) compared with being performed on the floor. (2) Lower Q:H EMG activation ratio would be caused by a relative increase in hamstring activation, with no significant change in quadriceps activation.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Thirty-nine Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) female athletes performed 3 SLDs per leg onto a Bosu ball and onto the floor. Muscle activity of the vastus lateralis and lateral hamstrings were used to estimate peak quadriceps and hamstring activation, along with the Q:H EMG activation ratio. Kinematic measures at the knee, hip, and trunk were also estimated. Differences between landings were assessed using a 2-level analysis of variance (limb and surface).

Results:

The maximum Q:H EMG activation ratio was significantly reduced when athletes performed an SLD onto the Bosu ball (20%, P < 0.001) compared with the floor. Peak hamstring activity was higher when athletes landed on a Bosu ball (18% higher, P = 0.029) compared with when they landed on the floor.

Conclusion:

Compared with landing on the floor (a stable surface), landing on a Bosu ball (unstable surface) changed the athlete’s co-contraction at the knee and increased hamstring activity. However, landing on a Bosu ball also decreased the athlete’s knee flexion, which was an undesired effect.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings highlight the potential utility of unstable surfaces as a training tool to reduce the risk of ACL injury in female athletes.
Bringing Holistic Treatments to the Attention of Medicine
Authors: Farmer Cecilia
Published: January 2015

This article reviews 3 studies that explore the effects of acupuncture on poststroke patients suffering from chronic stroke symptoms. The 3 studies selected strive to show how acupuncture can be a safe, noninvasive, and cost-effect rehabilitation tool useful in adjunct with traditional rehabilitation. Chou et al (2009), Hopwood et al (2008), and Wayne et al (2005) all studied acupuncture’s effects on quality of life. Additionally, both Hopwood et al and Wayne et al studied acupuncture’s effects on mobility and activities of daily living. While the frequency, duration, and length of the entire treatment varied by study, overall, the results of all 3 studies suggest that acupuncture increases quality of life and improves mobility and activities of daily living.
Relative Clauses of Reason in British and American English
Authors: Rohdenburg Günter
Published: January 2015

This article presents a corpus-based study of relative clauses involving the head noun reason and the competing relativizers why, that, and zero. The analyses focus on specific constellations of antecedent expressions (e.g., the reason) and subject types in the relative clause (e.g., personal pronouns). In an extensive newspaper database, American English is found to display with every single combination a lower aggregate proportion of the formally marked relativizers than British English. Additional historical explorations leave no doubt that explicit relative clause marking has lost ground over the last few centuries and that American English has been leading this development for at least 150 years. In both British and American English, and in line with the Complexity Principle, the complexity contrasts associated with different choices of antecedent expressions and relative clause subject types are shown to be matched by corresponding contrasts in terms of grammatical explicitness, with the most complex environments favoring why or that and the least complex leaning toward the zero variant.
The Evolution of Selfing Is Accompanied by Reduced Efficacy of Selection and Purging of Deleterious Mutations
Authors: Arunkumar Ramesh , Ness Rob W , Wright Stephen I , Barrett Spencer C H
Published: January 2015

The transition from outcrossing to selfing is predicted to reduce the genome-wide efficacy of selection because of the lower effective population size (Ne) that accompanies this change in mating system. However, strongly recessive deleterious mutations exposed in the homozygous backgrounds of selfers should be under strong purifying selection. Here, we examine estimates of the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) and changes in the magnitude of effective selection coefficients (Nes) acting on mutations during the transition from outcrossing to selfing. Using forward simulations, we investigated the ability of a DFE inference approach to detect the joint influence of mating system and the dominance of deleterious mutations on selection efficacy. We investigated predictions from our simulations in the annual plant Eichhornia paniculata, in which selfing has evolved from outcrossing on multiple occasions. We used range-wide sampling to generate population genomic datasets and identified nonsynonymous and synonymous polymorphisms segregating in outcrossing and selfing populations. We found that the transition to selfing was accompanied by a change in the DFE, with a larger fraction of effectively neutral sites (Nes < 1), a result consistent with the effects of reduced Ne in selfers. Moreover, an increased proportion of sites in selfers were under strong purifying selection (Nes > 100), and simulations suggest that this is due to the exposure of recessive deleterious mutations. We conclude that the transition to selfing has been accompanied by the genome-wide influences of reduced Ne and strong purifying selection against deleterious recessive mutations, an example of purging at the molecular level.
A HIF-Independent Mediator of Transcriptional Responses to Oxygen Deprivation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Padmanabha Divya , Padilla Pamela A , You Young-Jai , Baker Keith D
Published: January 2015

The adaptive response to hypoxia is accompanied by widespread transcriptional changes that allow for prolonged survival in low oxygen. Many of these changes are directly regulated by the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) complex; however, even in its absence, many oxygen-sensitive transcripts in Caenorhabditis elegans are appropriately regulated in hypoxia. To identify mediators of these non-HIF-dependent responses, we established a hif-1 mutant reporter line that expresses GFP in hypoxia or when worms are treated with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2). The reporter is selective and HIF independent, in that it remains insensitive to a number of cellular stresses, but is unaffected by mutation of the prolyl hydroxylase egl-9, suggesting that the regulators of this response pathway are different from those controlling the HIF pathway. We used the HIF-independent reporter to screen a transcription factor RNA interference (RNAi) library and identified genes that are required for hypoxia-sensitive and CoCl2-induced GFP expression. We identified the zinc finger protein BLMP-1 as a mediator of the HIF-independent response. We show that mutation of blmp-1 renders animals sensitive to hypoxic exposure and that blmp-1 is required for appropriate hypoxic-induced expression of HIF-independent transcripts. Further, we demonstrate that BLMP-1 is necessary for an increase of hypoxia-dependent histone acetylation within the promoter of a non-HIF-dependent hypoxia response gene.
Rate of Preventable Early Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Transfer for Direct Admissions and Emergency Department Admissions
Authors: Reese Jennifer , Deakyne Sara J. , Blanchard Ashley , Bajaj Lalit
Published: January 2015

Background and Objective:

Appropriate patient placement at the time of admission to avoid unplanned transfers to the ICU and codes outside of the ICU is an important safety goal for many institutions. The objective of this study was to determine if the overall rate of unplanned ICU transfers within 12 hours of admission to the inpatient medical/surgical unit was higher for direct admissions compared with emergency department (ED) admissions.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study of all unplanned ICU transfers within 12 hours of admission to an inpatient unit at a tertiary care children’s hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Proportions of preventable unplanned transfers from the ED and from direct admission were calculated and compared.

Results:

Over the study period, there were a total of 46 998 admissions; 279 unplanned ICU transfers occurred during the study period of which 101 (36%) were preventable. Preventable unplanned transfers from each portal of entry were calculated and compared with the total number of admissions from those portals. The portals of entry evaluated included admissions from our internal ED versus all outside facility transfers. The rates of early unplanned transfer (per 1000 admissions) by portal of entry were 3.50 for direct admissions and 3.18 for ED. There was no difference between direct admissions and ED admissions resulting in preventable unplanned transfers to the ICU (P = .64).

Conclusions:

Rates of unplanned ICU transfers within 12 hours of admission to an inpatient unit are not higher for direct admissions compared with ED admissions. Further studies are required to determine clinical risk factors associated with unplanned ICU transfer after admission, thus allowing for more accurate initial patient placement.
A Pilot Program to Improve Vaccination Status for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Pahud Barbara , Clark Shannon , Herigon Joshua C. , Sherman Ashley , Lynch Daryl A. , Hoffman Amber , Jackson Mary Anne
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

Screening of immunization status at each health care encounter is recommended to improve immunization coverage rates but is often limited to primary care practices. A pilot intervention study was performed to ascertain the immunization status of hospitalized children and determine if development of an immunization plan before discharge would improve the vaccination status for such children.

Methods:

On the basis of power calculations estimated to detect an increase in immunization status from 60% to 70% with 80% power, 356 randomly selected children were enrolled between March 6, 2012 and June 14, 2012. Immunization records were obtained, immunization status determined, and parent/guardian informed if catch-up dose(s) were needed. If parent requested vaccine dose(s), they were administered before discharge.

Results:

Vaccination status was current per Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices guidelines in 73% of hospitalized children, and 27% children required catch-up dose(s) (200 doses for 95 children). Human papilloma virus vaccine (dose 1), varicella zoster vaccine (dose 2), and meningococcal conjugate vaccine were the most commonly identified dose(s) needed. Of those requiring catch-up dose(s), 25% were caught up, increasing vaccination status to 80% at 1-month post hospital discharge.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to determine the immunization status of hospitalized pediatric patients of all ages, including adolescents, providing new data on the immunization status of the inpatient pediatric population. A pilot intervention consisting of obtaining immunization records, determining immunization status, and discussing catch-up dose(s) before discharge resulted in improvement of immunization status, suggesting that the inpatient setting may be used along with many other national strategies to help address missed vaccination opportunities.
Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Adolescents: An Approach to Risk Assessment and Prophylaxis
Authors: Meier Katie A. , Clark Eloise , Tarango Cristina , Chima Ranjit S. , Shaughnessy Erin
Published: January 2015

Background:

Pediatric hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasingly prevalent and morbid disease. A multidisciplinary team at a tertiary children’s hospital sought to answer the following clinical question: “Among hospitalized adolescents, does risk assessment and stratified VTE prophylaxis compared with no prophylaxis reduce VTE occurrence without an increase in significant adverse effects?”

Methods:

Serial literature searches using key terms were performed in the following databases: Medline, Cochrane Database, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health), Scopus, EBMR (Evidence Based Medicine Reviews). Pediatric studies were sought preferentially; when pediatric evidence was sparse, adult studies were included. Abstracts and titles were screened, and relevant full articles were reviewed. Studies were rated for quality using a standard rating system.

Results:

Moderate evidence exists to support VTE risk assessment in adolescents. This evidence comes from pediatric studies that are primarily retrospective in design. The results of the studies are consistent and cite prominent factors such as immobilization and central venous access. There is insufficient evidence to support specific prophylactic strategies in pediatric patients because available pediatric evidence for thromboprophylaxis efficacy and safety is minimal. There is, however, high-quality, consistent evidence demonstrating efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in adults.

Conclusions:

On the basis of the best available evidence, we propose a strategy for risk assessment and stratified VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized adolescents. This strategy involves assessing risk factors and considering prophylactic measures based on level of risk. We believe this strategy may reduce risk of VTE and appropriately balances the adverse effect profile of mechanical and pharmacologic prophylactic methods.
Birthmarks of Medical Significance
Authors: Lieberman Miriam R. , Virmani Pooja , Chotikanatis Kobkul , Glick Sharon A.
Published: January 2015

Birthmarks are common skin lesions found in the newborn population. The most commonly encountered birthmarks include the pigmented, the hamartomatous and the vascular birthmarks. Each of these birthmarks may represent normal cutaneous variants with no clinical significance, while others may portend significant clinical diseases. This review elucidates this distinction and describes the appropriate management of some of the most commonly encountered medically significant birthmarks.
Neonatal Nasal Deformities
Authors: Goldstein Nira A. , Gitman Lyuba
Published: January 2015

Congenital and iatrogenic nasal deformities are uncommon but may cause severe respiratory distress. Disruption of the normal developmental process causes most cases of congenital nasal obstruction. This report reviews the etiology, presentation, workup, and management of the most common lesions.
Vascular species composition of a contact zone between Seasonal and Araucaria forests in Guaraciaba, Far West of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil
Authors: Gnigler Luciana Beatriz , Caddah Mayara Krasinski
Published: January 2015

A floristic survey was carried out in a contact area between Araucaria Forest and Seasonal Forest areas, in the municipality of Guaraciaba, Far West of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. We provide a checklist containing 108 species and 42 plant families for the area. Families with the most encountered number of species were Myrtaceae (eight species), Solanaceae (eight), Euphorbiaceae (seven) and Poaceae (six). Two species are classified as endangered of extinction, following IUCN criteria. An analysis using UPGMA algorithm and species composition comparisons using additional 6 areas of Araucaria Forest and 6 areas of Seasonal Forest showed its greater relationship to other Araucaria Forest areas, but also the influence of the adjacent Seasonal Forest areas in the floristic composition of the surveyed area.
Checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in boreal forests of Pinega Reserve, north-east European Russia
Authors: Ezhov Oleg , Zmitrovich Ivan
Published: January 2015

Herein we present a checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi of the Pinega Reserve, in the territory of North European Russia. We present 328 species from 158 genera in the checklist. Each record includes data on distribution within key reserve localities, the host/substrate association and the frequency pattern. Most findings are documented by herbarium specimens. A predictive estimation of the Pinega Reserve aphyllophoroid diversity, based on Turing coefficient calculation, resulted in an interval of 360–370 species.
First record of occurrence of Epiphragmophora estella (d’Orbigny, 1837) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) in Argentina
Authors: Cuezzo Maria Gabriela
Published: January 2015

This is the first record of Epiphragmophora estella in Argentina, a species traditionally of Bolivian distribution. Specimens were found during several field trips conducted in the northern patch of the Southern Andean Yungas forest of Salta province. Morphometrics and qualitative shell characters are described in order to validate the taxonomic identification. Current species distribution is also reported.
Marine mollusks of Bahía Málaga, Colombia (Tropical Eastern Pacific)
Authors: López de Mesa Luz Ángela , Cantera Jaime Ricardo
Published: January 2015

A checklist of mollusks reported in Bahía Málaga (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) was developed through recent samplings in the zone (2004–2012), together with bibliographic and museums’ collections reviews. Species’ distributions in Bahía Málaga were established through 18 different sub­regions, which included the inner, middle and outer zones of the bay. A revision of the western American distribution for the species was also carried out. A total of 426 species were found, of which 44 were new reports for the Colombian Pacific coast. Results supported the high marine biodiversity that has been reported for this region.
Plauditus cestus (Provonsha & McCafferty, 1982) (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae): New records from Virginia and the Northwest Territories, with notes on color variation
Authors: Gorski Melissa R. , Fox Autumn D. E. , McQueen Jordan I. , Jacobus Luke M.
Published: January 2015

Plauditus cestus (Provonsha & McCafferty, 1982) is widespread in eastern and central North America. We provide new data from Virginia that fill a gap in the range of distribution and new data from the Northwest Territories that extend the range of the species by over 1900 km to the northwest. The Northwest Territories specimen represents a new larval color variant, with pronounced coloration of abdominal segment 6. We emphasize the need for additional sampling of aquatic habitats in the Far North.
First records of Melilotus albus Medik. (Fabaceae, Faboideae) in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Authors: Hassemer Gustavo , Ferreira João Paulo Ramos , Funez Luís Adriano , Trevisan Rafael
Published: January 2015

Melilotus albus Medik. is a cosmopolite and invasive species, native to the Old World, which in Brazil had its occurrence hitherto recorded only in the states of São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. This study extends its distribution to Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, due to the recent discovery of populations in the municipalities of Florianópolis and Xanxerê. These new records are ca. 250 km distant from the nearest records, in Paraná state, also in southern Brazil.
New records of the genus Limnohalacarus (Halacaridae, Trombidiformes) from southern Brazil
Authors: Pepato Almir Rogério , Costa Samuel Geremias Dos Santos
Published: January 2015

Two Limnohalacarus species are reported from the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, Limnohalacarus cultellatus Viets, 1940 and L. mamillatus Fain & Lambrechts, 1987, originally described on the basis of individuals from the Caribbean region and aquaria in Belgium, respectively. The former species is also known from Madagascar, Hungary, North America, and was referred to Brazil and El Salvador in the literature. The latter species is also known from Western Australia.
Checklist of metazoan associated with grunts (Perciformes, Haemulidae) from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions
Authors: Paschoal Fabiano , Cezar Anderson D. , Luque José L.
Published: January 2015

Using information from published articles, databases, and recent samples from the Brazilian coastal zone, a list of parasites of haemulid (grunts) fish known from the Neotropical and Nearctic regions was structured. A total of 231 species of parasites were listed totaling 775 records involving 48 hosts, distributed in 86 localities of the American Continent. Records were listed with information on hosts, habitat, distribution and new findings; a host-parasite list is also included herein.
First records of Plagiolabra von Schulthess (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Brazil
Authors: Auko Tiago , Silvestre Rogerio
Published: January 2015

Plagiolabra von Schulthess has only two recognized species and both were only recorded previously from Argentina and Paraguay. The two species of the genus were collected in Brazil for the first time, indicating that the biota of Mato Grosso do Sul has elements of the Chacoan province, thus indicating the importance for conservation of this area which is the only representative of the Chaco biome in Brazil.
New records of anchialine fauna from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Alvarez Fernando
Published: January 2015

New records for 17 species of crustaceans from anchialine systems in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, are presented. The records come from explorations in Dzilam de Bravo, Yucatan, and from Puerto Aventuras and the Nohoch Nah Chich and Ox Bel Ha cave systems near Tulum in Quintana Roo, Mexico. For five of the 17 species dealt with here, the records presented constitute the second time those species are reported after their original descriptions. For the alpheid shrimp Yagerocaris cozumel, we present the first record of the species for continental Yucatan and for the atyid shrimp Jonga serrei, the second record from Mexico. Depth data are provided for all species.
Bivalves and gastropods of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Philippines
Authors: Dolorosa Roger G. , Picardal Rafael M. , Conales Segundo F.
Published: January 2015

In this study of marine bivalves and gastropods of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), Palawan, Philippines, we photo-document 96 species, including 17 species of bivalves (in seven families), and 79 species of gastropods (in 29 families). Of these, 64 species (eight bivalves and 56 gastropods species) were new recorded from the park. The list also includes the seven species of giant clams which are protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and three nationally protected gastropod species (Cassis cornuta, Charonia tritonis and Tectus niloticus). Thirty-six species that were previously reported at the park were not found in this study, which suggests that there are at least 132 species of gastropods and bivalves at TRNP. Our observations were limited at intertidal and shallow subtidal reefs in the park, suggesting that the number of species in the list may rise with an extensive survey.
New records and geographic distribution map of Echinoporia Ryvarden (Schizoporaceae, Basidiomycota) species in the Neotropics
Authors: Motato-Vasquez Viviana , Gugliotta Adriana De Mello , Robledo Gerardo Lucio
Published: January 2015

The genus Echinoporia is characterized by the presence of chlamydospores originating from hairs in the pileus and margin, or the dissepiment edges. Two species of Echinoporia are found in America, i.e., E. aculeifera and E. inermis. In a study of Neotropical polypores, several specimens of Echinoporia were collected in the Atlantic rainforest, São Paulo state. Echinoporia inermis is recorded for the second time in Brazil. Echinoporia aculeifera is recorded for the first time in São Paulo state. A distribution map of the genus in the Neotropics is presented.
First record of Carychium minimum Müller, 1774 in New Brunswick, Canada (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ellobioidea)
Authors: Forsyth Robert G.
Published: January 2015

The minute land snail, Carychium minimum Müller, 1774 is reported from New Brunswick, Canada. This new record further adds additional data to support the supposition that this introduced, European species is probably more widespread over temperate North America than currently known.
Reptilia, Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae, Anadia rhombifera (Günther, 1859): distribution extension and first records from Quindío department, Colombia
Authors: Vanegas-Guerrero Jhonattan
Published: January 2015

We report the lizard Anadia rhombifera from the department of Quindío, Central Andes of Colombia. This record fills a gap of about 613 km in the Andean distribution of this species.
First records of Macromia katae (Macromiidae) and Indothemis carnatica (Libellulidae) from Vietnam (Insecta: Odonata)
Authors: Von Ellenrieder Natalia , Hauser Martin , Gaimari Stephen , Pham Thai
Published: January 2015

In the course of two field trips to Northern Vietnam during March 2012 and June 2014 the dragonflies and damselflies of three National Parks (Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao, and Ba Be) and one Biodiversity Station (Melinh) were sampled. A total of 90 species of odonates in 60 genera and 15 families was recorded, including two new records for Vietnam: Macromia katae (Macromiidae) and Indothemis carnatica (Libellulidae). Diagnostic illustrations for these two species are provided, as well as the listing of the species recorded from the surveyed areas.
New record for the distribution of the colonial hydroid Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in Argentina
Authors: Deserti Maria Irene , Escalante Alicia Haydeé , Acuña Fabián Horacio
Published: January 2015

Cordylophora caspia is a colonial, athecate hydroid inhabiting both in freshwater and brackish habitats. Its global distribution is in part due to its ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity. It is considered an invasive species and its control is widely studied because of the industrial and ecological problems it causes in many environments. We report for the first time the occurrence of this hydrozoan in Nahuel Rucá Lake (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) with some notes on its internal and external morphology.