bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Benchmarking Metagenomic Profilers
Authors: Liu Yang-Yu , Sun Zheng , Huang Shi , Zhang Meng , Zhu Qi-Yun , Haiminen Niina , Carrieri Anna Paola , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Parida Laxmi , Kim Ho-Cheol , Knight Robin
Published: November 2020

Accurate microbial identification and abundance estimation are crucial for metagenomics analysis. Various methods for classifying metagenomic data and estimating taxonomic profiles, broadly referred to as metagenomic profilers, have been developed. Yet, benchmarking metagenomic profilers remains challenging because some tools are designed to report relative sequence abundance while others report relative taxonomic abundance. Here, we show how misleading conclusions can be drawn by neglecting this distinction between relative abundance types when benchmarking metagenomic profilers. Moreover, we show compelling evidence that interchanging sequence abundance and taxonomic abundance will influence both per-sample summary statistics and cross-sample comparisons. We suggest that the microbiome research community should pay attention to potentially misleading biological conclusions arising from this issue when benchmarking metagenomic profilers, by carefully considering the type of abundance data that was analyzed and interpreted, and clearly stating the strategy used for metagenomic profiling.
SARS-CoV-2 intervened by NSAIDs: A network pharmacology approach to decipher signaling pathway and interactive genes
Authors: Oh Ki Kwang , Adnan Md. , Cho Dong Ha
Published: November 2020

Background: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) showed promising clinical efficacy toward COVID-19 patients as painkillers and anti-inflammatory agents. However, the prospective anti-COVID-19 mechanisms of NSAIDs are not evidently exposed. Therefore, we intended to decipher the most potent NSAIDs candidate(s) and its novel mechanism(s) against COVID-19 by network pharmacology.Method: FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration) approved twenty NSAIDs were used for this study. Genes related to selected NSAIDs and COVID-19 related genes were identified by the Similarity Ensemble Approach, Swiss Target Prediction, and PubChem databases. Venn diagram identified overlapping genes between NSAIDs and COVID-19 related genes. The interactive networking between NSAIDs and overlapping genes was analyzed by STRING. RStudio plotted the bubble chart of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping genes. Finally, the binding affinity of NSAIDs against target genes was determined through molecular docking analysis.Results: Geneset enrichment analysis exhibited 26 signaling pathways against COVID-19. Inhibition of proinflammatory stimuli of tissues and/or cells by inactivating RAS signaling pathway was identified as the key anti-COVID-19 mechanism of NSAIDs. Besides, MAPK8, MAPK10, and BAD genes were explored as the associated genes of the RAS. Among twenty NSAIDs, 6MNA, rofecoxib, and indomethacin revealed promising binding affinity with the highest docking score against three identified genes, respectively.Conclusions: Overall, our proposed three NSAIDs (6MNA, rofecoxib, and indomethacin) might block the RAS by inactivating its associated genes, thus may alleviate excessive inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2.
Sex-Related Differences in Response to Masseteric Injections of Glutamate and Nerve Growth Factor in Healthy Human Participants
Authors: Alhilou Abdelrahman , Shimada Akiko , Svensson Camilla , Svensson Peter , Ernberg Malin , Cairns Brian , Christidis Nikolaos
Published: November 2020

The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying NGF-induced masseter muscle sensitization and sex-related differences in its effect are not well understood in humans. Therefore, this longitudinal cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of NGF injection on density and expression of substance P, NMDA-receptor and NGF by the nerve fibers in the human masseter muscle, to correlate expression with pain characteristics, and to determine any possible sex-related differences in these effects of NGF. The magnitude of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization and pain during the oral function was significantly greater in women than in men (P<0.050). Significant positive correlations were found between nerve fibers expression of NMDA-receptors and peak pain intensity (rs=0.620,P=0.048), and expression of NMDA-receptors by putative nociceptors and change in temporal summation pain after glutamate injection (rs=0.561,P=0.003). In women, there was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization and the change in nerve fibers expression of NMDA-receptors alone (rs=-0.659,P=0.013), and in combination with NGF (rs=-0.764,P=0.001). In conclusion, women displayed a greater magnitude of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization, that also was associated with nerve fibers expression of NMDA-receptors, when compared to men. The present findings suggest that, in women, increased peripheral NMDA-receptor expression could be associated with masseter muscle pain sensitivity.
Assisting PNA Transport Through Cystic Fibrosis Human Airway Epithelia With Biodegradable Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Comegna Marika , Conte Gemma , Falanga Andrea , Marzano Maria , Cernera Gustavo , Lullo Antonella Di , Amato Felice , Borbone Nicola , D'Errico Stefano , Ungaro Francesca , d'Angelo Ivana , Oliviero Giorgia , Castaldo Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an airway obstruction caused by a thick mucus due to a malfunctioning Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. The sticky mucus restricts drugs in reaching target cells limiting the efficiency of treatments. The development of new approaches to enhance drug delivery to the lungs represents CF treatment's main challenge. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of hybrid core-shell nanoparticles (hNPs) comprising a PLGA core and a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) shell engineered for inhalation. We loaded hNPs with a 7-mer peptide nucleic acid (PNA) previously considered for its ability to modulate the post-transcriptional regulation of the CFTR gene. We also investigated the in vitro release kinetics of hNPs and their efficacy in PNA delivery across the human epithelial airway barrier using an ex vivo model based on human primary nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) from CF patients. Confocal analyses and hNPs transport assay demonstrated the ability of hNPs to overcome the mucus barrier and release their PNA cargo within the cytoplasm, where it can perform its biological function.
Impact of metformin treatment during pregnancy on maternal outcomes: a systematic review/meta-analysis
Authors: Tarry-Adkins Jane , Ozanne Susan , Aiken Catherine
Published: November 2020

Objective: We systematically assessed the impact of metformin treatment on maternal pregnancy outcomes. Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid Embase, Medline, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane databases were systematically searched (inception-19th November 2020). Methods of Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials reporting pregnancy outcomes in women randomized to metformin versus any other treatment for any indication were included. Outcomes included gestational weight gain (GWG), pre-eclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm birth, gestational age at delivery, cesarean section, gestational diabetes, glycemic control, and gastrointestinal side-effects. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, with a third available to evaluate disagreements. Risk-of-bias and GRADE assessments were conducted using Cochrane Risk-of-Bias and GRADE-pro software. Tabulation, integration and results: Thirty-five studies (n=8033 pregnancies) met eligibility criteria. GWG was lower in pregnancies randomized to metformin versus other treatments (1.57kg±0.60kg; I2=86%, p<0.0001), as was likelihood of pre-eclampsia (OR 0.65, 95%CI:0.47-0.91; I2=52%, p=0.01). The risk of gastrointestinal side-effects was greater in metformin-exposed versus other treatment groups (OR 2.43, 95%CI:1.53-3.84; I2=76%, p=0.0002). The risk of other maternal outcomes assessed was not significantly different between metformin-exposed versus other treatment groups. Conclusions: Metformin for any indication during pregnancy is associated with lower GWG and a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia, but increased gastrointestinal side-effects compared to other treatments.
Interannual Variability of the Occurrence of MJO at Different Phases and Its Association with Two ENSO Modes
Authors: Dasgupta Panini , Koll Roxy , Chattopadhyay Rajib , Naidu Chennu , Metya Abirlal
Published: November 2020

In the present study, we investigate the interannual variability of the occurrence of the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) at different Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) phase regions (MJO frequency) and its association with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Evaluating the all-season data, we identify the dominant zonal patterns of MJO frequency exhibiting prominent interannual variability. Using Principal Component Analysis Biplot (PCA Biplot) technique, we demonstrate that the MJO frequency has two distinct modes of variability related to RMM1 and RMM2 spatial patterns. The first spatial mode of MJO frequency related to RMM1 is associated with a higher frequency of MJO active days over the Maritime Continent and a lower frequency over the central Pacific Ocean and the western Indian Ocean, or vice versa. The second mode related to RMM2 is associated with a higher frequency of MJO active days over the eastern Indian Ocean and a lower frequency over the western Pacific, or vice versa. We find that these two types of MJO frequency patterns are associated with the central Pacific and eastern Pacific ENSO modes, respectively. These MJO frequency patterns are the lag response of the underlying ocean state.
An Ultrawideband Microfabricated Gold-Based Antenna Array for Terahertz Communications
Authors: Abohmra Abdoalbaset , Abbas Hasan , Kazim Jalil , Rabbani Muhammad , Li Chong , Alomainy Akram , Imran Muhammad , Abbasi Qammer
Published: November 2020

The microwave frequency band typically used for wireless communications will soon become saturated and will no longer be able to fulfil the high bandwidth demands of modern communication networks. Terahertz (THz) communication has appeared as a highly attractive, future-generation wireless technology that offers higher spectral bandwidth and, therefore, higher data rates. However, the full exploitation of THz technologies is contingent upon the availability of energy-efficient sources and devices. In this article, we presented a fabrication and measurement of microscale planar inverted cone antenna (PICA) array made of gold. Using an ungrounded coplanar waveguide feed, the microfabricated structure provides a bandwidth of 37.9 % with the resonant frequency of 0.925 THz. Given the cost of microfabrication is reducing substantially with rapid technological advancements, the results of this paper suggest that high-speed THz communications can be realised for widescale applications.
Establishment and Validation of a Prognostic Signature for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Metabolism-related Genes
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Embaye Kidane Siele , Yang Qing , Qin Lingzhi , Zhang Chao , Liu Liwei , Zhan Xiaoqian , Zhang Fengdi , Wang Xi , Qin Shenghui
Published: November 2020

Background: Given that dysregulated metabolism has been recently identified as a hallmark of cancer biology, this study aims to establish and validate a prognostic signature of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on metabolism-related genes(MRGs).Methods: The gene sequencing data of LUAD samples with clinical information and the metabolism-related gene set were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB), respectively. The differentially expressed MRGs were identified by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Then, univariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify MRGs that related to overall survival(OS). A prognostic signature was developed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, the signature was validated in the GSE31210 dataset. In addition, a nomogram that combined the prognostic signature was created for predicting the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of LUAD.The accuracy of the nomogram prediction was evaluated using a calibration plot. Finally, cox regression analysis was applied to identify the prognostic value and clinical relationship of the signature in LUAD.Results: A total of 116 differentially expressed MRGs were detected in the TCGA dataset. We found that 12 MRGs were most significantly associated with OS by using the univariate regression analysis in LUAD. Then, multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to construct the prognostic signature, which consisted of six MRGs (ALDOA, CAT, ENTPD2, GNPNAT1, LDHA, and TYMS). The prognostic value of this signature was further successfully validated in the GSE31210 dataset. Furthermore, the calibration curve of the prognostic nomogram demonstrated good agreement between the predicted and observed survival rates for each of OS. Further analysis indicated that this signature could be an independent prognostic indicator after adjusting to other clinical factors. The signature was found to be associated with various clinicopathological features. Finally, we confirmed six MRGs protein and mRNA expression in six lung cancer cells and firstly found that ENTPD2 might played an important role on lung adenocarcinoma cell lines clone formation and migration.Conclusions: We established a prognostic signature based on MRGs for LUAD and validated the performance of the model, which may provide a promising tool for the diagnosis and prognosis in patients with LUAD.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Health-Seeking Behaviour of an Asian Population with Acute Respiratory Infections in a Densely Populated Community
Authors: JaneTan Hwee Mian , Tan Mui Suan , Ying Chang Zi , Tan Kee Tung , Ee Adrian , Ng Chee Chin David , Hwang William , Koh Eileen , Low Sarah , Tan Ngiap Chuan
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) as the Singapore government escalated containment efforts from DORSCON Orange to Circuit Breaker. NPI include mandatory mask wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, and closure of schools and workplaces. Considering the similar mode of transmission of COVID-19 and other pathogens related to acute respiratory infections (ARI), the effects of NPI are postulated to decrease ARI attendances in the community. The uptake of respiratory-related vaccinations are surrogate indicators of the health-seeking behaviour amidst the pandemic. This study primarily aims to determine the effect of Singapore’s NPI on ARI attendances across a cluster of polyclinics. The secondary aim is to determine the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the uptake of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations.MethodsThe effect of the nation-wide measures on the health-seeking behaviour of the study population was examined over three periods: (1) 9 weeks prior to the start of Circuit Breaker (DORSCON Orange period), (2) 8 weeks during the Circuit Breaker, and (3) 9 weeks after easing of Circuit Breaker. Data on ARI attendances and respiratory-related vaccinations uptake for the corresponding periods in 2019 were also extracted for comparison and to assess the seasonal variations of ARI. The average weekly workday ARI attendances were compared with those of the preceding week using Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsARI attendances dropped steadily throughout the study period and were 50%-80% lower than in 2019 since Circuit Breaker. They remained low even after Circuit Breaker ended. Positivity rate for influenza-like illnesses samples in the community was 0.0% from the last week of Circuit Breaker to end of study period. Respiratory vaccinations uptake was higher in 2020 than 2019.ConclusionsNPI and public education measures during DORSCON Orange and Circuit Breaker periods appear to be associated with the health-seeking behaviour of the public. Changing levels of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, and widespread visual cues based on the Health Belief Model may account for this change. Understanding the impact of NPI and shifts in the public’s health-seeking behaviour can aid in the planning of future pandemic responses.
Children with asymptomatic coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): Insights from 2-to 15-year-old cases
Authors: Lombardi Mariella , Caro Dominique , Brett Pascal , Wiggins Silvia
Published: November 2020

Summary of clinical characteristics of 25 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in children aged between 2 and 15 years, with at least one infected member in their family, are reported and discussed herein. Eighteen patients are asymptomatic, and seven have mild complications without requiring mechanical ventilation or intense unit care (ICU). Results suggested that children with infected family members are very likely to be asymptomatically infected.
Progressing Towards Environmental Health Targets in China: A Systematic Review of Achievements in Air and Water Pollution under the “Ecological Civilization and the Beautiful China” Dream
Authors: Antwi Henry Asante
Published: November 2020

Despite the positive effect of industrialization on health and quality of life indicators across the globe, it is also responsible for the release of chemical toxins into the environment and has nurtured numerous environmental disasters with severe health effects. China alone produces more than a third of carbon emissions in the world and currently has the second highest number of pollution-related deaths, after India. There is no issue that underscores the challenges of environmental crisis in China than the gradual acceptance of the existence of the cancer villages. These are entire towns that have been completely written off as so polluted that simply living there is synonymous with high rate of cancer risk. For years, residents and advocacy groups in villages such as Wuli, Yanglingang, Yangqiao and additional 459 identified cancer villages have waged a desperate war to turn the attention of government to the high risk of stomach, liver, kidney and colon cancer in these areas located near heavy industrial complexes. China responded by promoting an ecological civilization and a beautiful China dream as its sustainability blueprint in 2012. Today, this blueprint has been engraved into the national ideology for socio-economic and political orientation. This review therefore revisits the progress made towards environmental health targets under China’s sustainable development strategy. The study systematic explores the extant works on air and water pollution since the “Ecological Civilization and the Beautiful China” Dream.
A mixed-methods evaluation of the impact of a person-centered family planning intervention for community health workers on family planning outcomes in India
Authors: Diamond-Smith Nadia , McDonell Claire , Sahu Ananta Basudev , Roy Kali Prasad , Giessler Katie
Published: November 2020

Background: Person-centered quality for family planning has been gaining increased attention, yet few interventions have focused on this, or measured associations between person-centered quality for family planning and family planning outcomes (uptake, continuation, etc.). In India, the first point of contact for family planning is often the community health care worker, in this case, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). Methods: In this study, we evaluate a training on person-centered family planning as an add-on to a training on family planning provision for urban ASHAs in Varanasi, India in 2019 using mixed methods. We first validate a scale to measure person-centered family planning in a community health worker population and find it to be valid. Higher person-centered family planning scores are associated with family planning uptake. Results: Comparing women who saw intervention compared to control ASHAs, we find that the intervention had no impact on overall person-centered family planning scores. Women in the intervention arm were more likely to report that their ASHA had a strong preference about what method they choose, suggesting that the training increased provider pressure. However, qualitative interviews with ASHAs suggest that they value person-centered care for their interactions and absorbed the messages from the intervention.Conclusions: More research is needed on how to intervene to change behaviors related to person-centered family planning. This study received IRB approval from the University of California, San Francisco (IRB # 15-25950) and was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04206527)
Treatment of Volar Defects of the Finger using Dorsal Digital–metacarpal Flap Versus Free Medial Plantar Artery Flap: A Comparative Study
Authors: Liu Quanzhe , Guo Wenlai , Qu Wenrui , Ou Xiaolan , Li Rui , Tian Heng
Published: November 2020

Background: The treatment of defects on the volar surface of the finger has been scarcely reported, and its utility for digital resurfacing remains unclear. This study compared the outcomes of free medial plantar artery flap (MPAF) and dorsal digital–metacarpal flap (DDMF) in finger reconstruction.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 24 patients with soft-tissue defects on the volar surface of the finger from March 2014 to March 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: the MPAF group and the DDMF group. The operation time, complications, such as flap necrosis, graft loss, infection, paresthesia, and donor-site morbidity, as well as two-point discrimination (2-PD) were carefully recorded. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was used for conduct follow-up assessment.Results: After more than 12 months of follow-up, the MPAF group had a longer operative time compared with DDMF group, but there was no significant difference between postoperative complications and 2-PD test result in patients without nerve injury. And in terms of overall function, Modified VSS score and 2-PD test (the patients with nerve injury), There were relatively obvious statistical differences, MPAF was superior to DDMF (p < 0.005).Conclusion: MPAF and DDMF are reliable for reconstruction of the volar surface of the finger; however, MPAF offers better functional outcomes and is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative complications.
A systematically collated library of prescribing safety indicators for people with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smith Fiona , Hayward Samantha , Hole Barnaby , Kimpton George , Sluman Christine , Whiting Penny , Caskey Fergus
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPeople with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high levels of co-morbidity and polypharmacy placing them at increased risk of prescribing-related harm. Tools for assessing prescribing safety in the general population using prescribing safety indicators (PSIs) have been established. However, people with CKD pose different prescribing challenges to people without kidney disease. Therefore, PSIs designed for use in the general population may not include all PSIs relevant to a CKD population. The aim of this study was to systematically collate a library of PSIs relevant to people with CKD. MethodsA systematic literature search identified papers reporting PSIs. CKD-specific PSIs were extracted and categorised by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes. Duplicate PSIs were removed to create a final list of CKD-specific PSIs. Results 9,852 papers were identified by the systematic literature search, of which 511 proceeded to full text screening and 196 papers were identified as reporting PSIs. Following categorisation by ATC code and duplicate removal, 841 unique PSIs formed the final set of CKD-specific PSIs. The five ATC drug classes containing the largest proportion of CKD-specific PSIs were: Cardiovascular system (26%); Nervous system (13.4%); Blood and blood forming organs (12.4%); Alimentary and metabolism (12%); and Anti-infectives for systemic use (11.3%).Conclusion CKD-specific PSIs could be used alone or alongside general PSIs to assess the safety and quality of prescribing within a CKD population.
Implementation of a complex health services intervention in long-term care homes: a process evaluation using focus groups
Authors: Warth Rieka von der , Kaiser Vanessa , Reese Christina , Brühmann Boris A. , Farin-Glattacker Erik
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWith rising numbers of the elderly living in nursing homes in Germany, the need for on-site primary care is on the increase. A lack of primary care in nursing homes can lead to unnecessary hospitalization, higher mortality, and morbidity in the elderly. The CoCare (“coordinated medical care”) project has therefore implemented a complex health intervention in nursing homes, using inter alia, regular medical rounds, a shared patient medical record and medication checks, aiming to improve the coordination of medical care. This study reports upon the results of the process evaluation assessing the perceived acceptance and barriers of the project by stakeholders.MethodsFocus group interviews were held between the fall of 2018 and the fall of 2019 with nurses, general practitioners and GP´s assistants working in or consulting a participating nursing home. A semi-structured modular guideline was used to ask participants about their opinion on different aspects of CoCare. Focus groups were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. ResultsIn total, N=11 focus group interviews with N=74 participants were conducted. Eleven main themes with four subthemes were identified, encompassing all aspects of CoCare. The overall acceptance of the project was good. Participants elected to speak most often about the project modules “communication and collaboration” and “medical rounds”, with participants concluding that CoCare had prevented unnecessary hospitalizations. The main barriers were understaffing and complexity of the program.ConclusionImplementation of CoCare in nursing homes is complex and presents some barriers. However, the overall acceptance was good and participants reported the first positive results. Furthermore, the project provides a good structure to overcome potential barriers. However, some adaptions to the implementation process should be made.
Inguinal hernias in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: is tension-free mesh repair feasible?
Authors: Chi Qiyu , Shi Zheng , Zhang Zhibo , Lin Chunzhong , Liu Guozhong , Weng Shangeng
Published: November 2020

Background: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), which often causes a common complication such as abdominal wall hernia, is a prevalent alternative therapy for end-stage renal failure patients. However, relevant studies are somewhat rare, and the peritoneal dialysis (PD) protocol during the perioperative period is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and perioperative management of tension-free mesh repair for inguinal hernias in CAPD patients.Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2019, 18 CAPD patients with 20 inguinal hernias who underwent tension-free mesh repair were retrospectively analyzed. Data on demographics, perioperative features, the perioperative dialysis protocol and surgical complications were collected and assessed.Results: All hernias were diagnosed after the start of CAPD, and the median duration from PD onset to hernia formation was 16 months (2-61 months). All patients underwent successful tension-free mesh repair, including 17 Lichtenstein and 3 anterior Kugel procedures. The median operation time was 62.5 min, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 3 days. Fifteen patients received low-exchange volumes and high-frequency exchanges from 1-3 days after surgery for 2 weeks with gradual resumption of the original CAPD regimen within 4 weeks. Complications included seroma (n = 2) and hematoma (n = 1). No wound or mesh infection or recurrence occurred during the follow-up period.Conclusions: Tension-free mesh repair is safe and feasible for inguinal hernias in CAPD patients, The Lichtenstein mesh repair should be the first choice, and anterior Kugel repair may be considered an effective procedure. Bridging hemodialysis seems unnecessary except for emergency surgery.
Association between renal function and platelet reactivity during aspirin therapy in elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Liang Wenyi , Zhang Peng , Liu Meilin
Published: November 2020

Background: Aspirin is the key treatment in the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) to aspirin has been reported to partially account for the enhanced risk of thrombotic events. In particular, HTPR has been described more frequently among elderly patients. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and biological factors associated with HTPR in a real-life elderly population.Methods: In this retrospective study, elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease on regular aspirin treatment were enrolled. Cardiovascular risk factors, routine biological parameters, comorbidities, and concomitant medications were recorded. The upper quartile of the platelet aggregation rate, determined by light transmission aggregometry with arachidonic acid, was defined as the HTPR group.Results: A total of 304 patients were included (mean age 77 ± 8 years, 76% men). Patients in the HTPR group were older than the patients in the non-HTPR group (mean age: 79 ± 7 vs. 76 ± 8 years, p = 0.008). Patients with moderately decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) had a higher frequency of HTPR than patients with slightly decreased eGFR or normal eGFR (35.8%, 22.5%, 12.2%, respectively, p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, an independent risk factor for HTPR was the eGFR (OR: 0.984, 95% CI: 0.980-0.988, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Advanced age and decreased eGFR are correlated with poor pharmacodynamic response to aspirin. Antiplatelet strategy in elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease should be driven by an individualized approach, especially in patients with impaired renal function.
Macroscopic Assembled Graphene for Silicon Mid-Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Gao Chao , Peng Li , Du Sichao , Liu Lixiang , Bodepudi Srikrishna , Li Lingfei , Liu Wei , Cong Xin , Lai Runchen , Fang Wenzhang , Cao Xiaoxue , Liu Xinyu , Abid Muhammad , Lv Jianhang , Liu Junxue , Jin Shengye , Wu Kaifeng , Zhou Qiaohui , Zhu Haiming , Lin Miao-Ling , Tan Ping-Heng , Xiong Qihua , Wang Xiaomu , Hu Weida , Duan Xiangfeng , Yu Bin , Yin Wenyan , Xu Zhen , Xu Yang
Published: November 2020

Graphene with linear energy dispersion and weak electron-phonon interaction is highly anticipated to harvest hot-electrons in a broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to terahertz. However, the limited absorption (~2.3%) and serious backscattering of hot-electrons associated with single-layer graphene result in inadequate quantum yields, impeding their practically broadband photodetection, especially in the mid-infrared range. Here, we report a macroscopic assembled graphene (MAG)/silicon heterojunction for ultrafast mid-infrared photodetection. The highly crystalline 2-inch scale MAG with tunable thickness from 10 to 60 nm is produced by scalable wet-assembly of commercial graphene oxide followed by thermal annealing. The MAG/Si Schottky diode exhibits broadband photodetection capability in 1-10 μm at room temperature with fast response (120-130 ns, 4 mm2 window) and high detectivity (1011 to 106 Jones), outperforming single-layer graphene/Si photodetectors by 2 to 8 orders in transient photocurrent. This optoelectronic performance is attributed to the superior advantages of MAG (~40% of light absorption, ~23 ps of carrier relaxation time, and high quasi-equilibrated hot-carrier-multiplication gain), atomic-scale contact interface of MAG and silicon, and impact-ionization avalanche gain (~100 times) from silicon. The MAG provides a long-range platform to understand the hot-carrier dynamics in stacked 2D materials, leading to next-generation broadband silicon-based image sensors.
ENDODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF THREE ROOTED MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR AND PRESENCE OF AN ASSOCIATED THREE ROOTED SECOND PREMOLAR
Authors: Disha Mahore  , Sharique Alam  , Surendra Kumar Mishra  , Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2020

Failure to locate and disinfect all the root canals maybe a major reason for endodontic failure. A rare variant morphology of maxillary premolar has three separate roots with three root canals. The aim of this article is to report diagnosis and endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with three roots and canals using reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique completed in single sitting. This paper also reports the presence of an associated three rooted second premolar in the same patient.
“TRIPLET APPROACH”- COMBINATION OF ORTHOPEDIC, MYOFUNCTIONAL AND FIXED MECHANOTHERAPY
Authors: Manish  Goyal  , Mukesh Kumar  , Sumit Kumar  , Shalini Mishra
Published: November 2020

Abstract-

A 13 year old female patient came to our department with chief complain of excessive gum show. On Clinical examination patient presented with convex facial profile, obtuse nasolabial angle, mesocephalic, mesoprosopic, incompetent lips and increased interlabial gap.  Intraorally she had class II canine and molar relation bilaterally with crowding irt 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43. Patient was really concerned about her facial profile. So we decided to manage the same with triplet approach i.e the combination of orthopedic, myofunctional and fixed mechanotherapy. The total treatment time was 28 months which include 13 month phase I therapy and 15 months phase II therapy and the results were exuberant.
TWO ROOTED MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR
Authors: Huma Iftekhar  , Boris Saha  , Surendra K Mishra
Published: November 2020

Maxillary lateral incisors are generally considered as a tooth with a single root and single canal. This is not true in all cases as case reports have advocated maxillary lateral incisors showing two roots with two or three root canals, Thorough knowledge of the internal and external dental anatomy and its variations is essential for a successful endodontic treatment. This case report deals with the periapical surgery in a two rooted maxillary lateral incisor along with the central incisor.
ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL, MOMENTO DE BRINCAR COM ANITA
Authors: Queiroz Maria lícia Silva de , Fontes Tereza Genoveva Nascimento Torezani , Silva Maely de Souza da , Santos Clara Campos dos , Sousa Sarah Silva
Published: November 2020

No contexto que vivemos chegar ao final da pandemia e saber que a ação desenvolvida, “Brincando com Anita”, possibilitou uma melhora na qualidade do cotidiano, tão diferente, e criou momentos de brincadeiras, alegrias e fantasias, esse é o resultado esperado da ação que foi criada especificamente para o período de Isolamento Social. Uma ação que faz parte do projeto de extensão “Cidade Imaginada... Cidade Possível”. O blog da ação contém sugestões de brincadeiras, desafios, vídeos e uma série de histórias, algumas inéditas, adaptadas para o cenário do isolamento social.

Palavras-chave: Isolamento Social; Entretenimento; Cotidiano Infanto-juvenil.
TRADUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO COMO FERRAMENTA DE PREVENÇÃO AO COVID-19
Authors: Giovana Carvalho da Silva Érika , Daniele Ferreira Dantas Carla , Muryelle Silva Brilhante Magdalena , Maria Aires da Câmara Saionara , Maria Freire Vieira Lima Núbia
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O novo coronavírus é um patógeno cujo alvo principal é o sistema respiratório humano, e sua pandemia representa uma ameaça à saúde pública. Objetivo: Disseminar e facilitar acesso ao conhecimento das Ciências Sociais, da Saúde e Humanas, para combate ao COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo descritivo das atividades de um projeto de extensão que consistiu na elaboração de ações informativas de educação em saúde sobre o COVID-19, com público alvo a comunidade de Santa Cruz/RN e região. Resultados e discussão: Foram realizadas ações sobre temas de aspectos biológicos do COVID-19, transmissibilidade e grupos de risco, nos quais os meios de comunicação proporcionaram rápida e ampla difusão dos conhecimentos. Conclusão: As ações contribuíram para a sensibilização da população acerca das medidas de prevenção e conhecimento sobre os efeitos da pandemia no mundo.
USO USO DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA O AUXÍLIO NO COMBATE AO COVID-19 EM ESTABELECIMENTOS PRODUTORES DE ALIMENTAÇÃO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA.
Authors: Dantas Reis de Carvalho Louise , Giovanni Araújo Batista Leonardo , Campos Nunes Polyana , Araújo de Goes Pryscila
Published: November 2020

Diante da situação caótica provocada pela pandemia da COVID-19, há uma proliferação de informações conflituosas, fazendo-se necessário o uso de estratégias eficazes para difundir conhecimento assertivo para a população. O relato de experiência, fruto de um projeto de monitoria, descreve a experiência de popularização cientifica através das redes sociais, como estratégia para o auxílio no combate ao COVID- 19. Foi produzido um vídeo informativo destinado aos estabelecimentos produtores de alimentos e posteriormente compartilhado nas redes sociais mais utilizadas pelos brasileiros: Facebook e Instagram. Verificou-se um grande número de visualizações do material publicado nos canais institucionais utilizados. Houve, portanto, uma boa difusão do conteúdo e constatamos a eficácia das redes sociais no processo de popularização científica durante essa pandemia.
CINE DE INSETO
Authors: Alcântara Primitivo Maria Gabriela , Serafim Maiara , Soares Bezerra Wandrel Gomes , Dal Molin Ana
Published: November 2020

Este artigo relata a experiência de uma ação de divulgação científica realizada durante o período de mitigação da pandemia de COVID-19, em que foram necessárias medidas de distanciamento social. Durante o mês de abril de 2020, foi realizada uma “maratona” com 15 filmes de diversos gêneros abordando insetos, no modelo de cine-debate virtual, tendo como objetivos principais: promover o diálogo crítico a respeito das espécies representadas na mídia popular, desmitificar a imagem destes como seres nocivos e indesejáveis, e oferecer à população em geral uma opção de entretenimento educativo durante o período. As discussões foram promovidas através de redes sociais e plataformas de sincronização de vídeo que permitiam a conversa através de chat. Embora o engajamento tenha sido modesto, a experiência foi bem-sucedida como ponto de partida para uma iniciativa de maior alcance.
Jak możliwa jest adaptacyjna analiza sztuki? Niektóre problemy metodologiczne estetyki ewolucyjnej
Authors: Luty Jerzy
Published: November 2020

Estetyka ewolucyjna jako młoda i obiecująca dyscyplina nadal w zasadzie nie posiada wypracowanej metodologii, choćby takiej jak neuroestetyka. Na przykład spory wokół tego, kiedy dane zachowanie artystyczne można uznać za adaptację (a może produkt uboczny adaptacji lub twór wyłącznie kulturowy), nie prowadzą do jasnych konkluzji, co wynika z faktu, że otrzymywane wyniki badań można często przypisać do wielu hipotetycznych funkcji. Z kolei, jeśli hipoteza o tym, że dane zachowanie jednoczy ludzi, zostanie potwierdzona empirycznie, to i tak nie musi to oznaczać, że zachowanie to jest adaptacją. Aby wyjaśnienie ewolucyjnego pochodzenia zachowania było wiarygodne, powinno ono przejść test Tinbergena (1951), a więc uzyskać potwierdzenie w każdym z czterech aspektów: (1) powinno ujawniać się spontanicznie na wczesnym etapie rozwoju osobniczego, (2) posiadać zidentyfikowaną funkcję oraz (3) historię ewolucyjną, a także (4) mechanizm emocjonalny wywołujący przyjemność lub odrazę, który uruchamia się w określonych okolicznościach. Jeśli każdy z tych warunków zostanie spełniony, z dużą dozą pewności można stwierdzić, że badane zachowanie jest adaptacją w sensie ścisłym. Czy jednak ścisłość jest domeną sztuki? W artykule starano się dowieść, że wyjątkowa idea konsiliencji nauk humanistycznych i przyrodniczych, pomimo licznych wątpliwości metodologicznych, w badaniach estetyków ewolucyjnych znajduje atrakcyjną z punktu widzenia współczesnych, uniwersalistycznych wyzwań, wykładnię. Pozwala też zbliżyć nas do zrozumienia wyjątkowości człowieka – jedynego gatunku, który powszechnie tworzy i konsumuje sztukę, będąc w niej bezgranicznie rozmiłowany.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji: "Człowiek i społeczeństwo wobec wyzwań technologii. Filozoficzno-kulturowe aspekty postępu technicznego", UKSW, 23.05.2019 r.
Authors: Nowak Maciej
Published: November 2020

Współczesność oraz znana nam kultura związane są ściśle z postępem technicznym. Ta kultura w sposób dogłębny przenika nasze codzienne życie – służy jako rozrywka, wygoda, narzędzie pracy czy komunikacji. Fakt, że krocząc w przyszłość, stajemy się coraz bardziej zależni od technologii, jest źródłem wielu problemów różnorakiej natury. Istnieje w konsekwencji potrzeba dyskusji nad zagadnieniami takimi jak: technologiczne uzależnienia, realność rzeczywistości wirtualnej, wpływ technologii na relacje międzyludzkie bądź konsekwencje cyfryzacji. Owa potrzeba jest realizowana w dyskusji uniwersyteckiej, tak jak miało to miejsce na konferencji Człowiek i społeczeństwo wobec wyzwań technologii. Filozoficzno-kulturowe aspekty postępu technicznego. Odbyła się ona 23 maja 2019 roku w budynku Wydziału Filozofii Chrześcijańskiej Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego przy ulicy Wóycickiego 1/3 w Warszawie. Wydarzenie zostało zorganizowane przez Koło Naukowe Studentów Filozofii UKSW, a uczestnicy pochodzili z licznych środowisk akademickich całej Polski.
Distinct Forms of Spinal Cysticercosis: A Vietnamese Case Series
Authors: Hung Nguyen D. , Duc Nguyen M. , Sy Than V. , Dung Le T. , Tuan Trinh A. , Hue Nguyen D.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a major contributor to the burden of seizure disorders
and epilepsy in the world, is one of the most common parasitic infections of the central nervous
system, which is usually located in the brain. Medical therapy for NCC should initially cover
appropriate symptom control and then the use of antiparasitic agents should be considered. Antiparasitic
treatment is of benefit in most cases of viable and degenerating NCC. Nevertheless, cysticercosis
of the spinal cord is very uncommon.

Case series:

In this article, we recorded 5 cases of extramedullary-intradural lumbar spinal cysticercosis, in which one
case displayed cystic lesions in both brain and spine, one case showed an independent cystic lesion in the spine, and three
remaining cases showed diffuse lesions in the spinal canal.

Conclusion:

Thus, in any case of single or numerous cystic lesions or dispersed lesions entering
the spinal canal, spinal cysticercosis should be considered.
Impaired Reconversion of Bone Marrow in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Mora-Bravo Franklin , Muñoz Javier
Published: November 2020

Background:

Anemia is one of the main consequences of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD),
which causes a bone marrow response determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify Bone Marrow Reconversion (BMR) by nuclear
magnetic resonance imaging in patients with CKD.

Methods:

A descriptive study was carried in “José Carrasco Arteaga” Hospital, Cuenca-Ecuador.
Images of the femurs of patients diagnosed with CKD were acquired by magnetic resonance imaging.
Several variables, including age, sex, CKD stage, anemia and BMR, were taken into account.
Groups are analyzed according to the stages CKD with the Anova test and logistic regression is obtained
for the BMR event with the study variables.

Results:

Two hundred sixteen patients were included in this analysis. Prevalences of Anemia were
2/40 (5%) in Group 1, 3/35 (8.6%) in group 2, 17/56 (30.4%) in group 3, 23/46 (50%) in group 4
and 25/39 (64.1%) in group 5, Anova P<0.0001. BMR in Group 1 was 12 cases (30%), in group 2:
4 cases (11.4%), in group 3: 18 cases (32.1%), in group 4: 13 cases (28.3%), and group 5: 17 cases
(43.6%). P=0.51. Regression equation for BMR were significant with sex (male) OR 0.193
(CI95% 0.092-0.405) P<0.0001, CKD Stage 1 OR 0.195 (0.057-0.668) P=0.009, Stage 2 OR 0.082
(0.020-0.329). Other variables were not significant.

Conclusion:

In this study, we describe that there is an impaired Reconversion of Bone Marrow in
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease in stages 3, 4 and 5,
despite the progressive presence of anemia. The female sex is associated with the presence of bone
marrow reconversion. No statistical dependence was observed between anemia and the reconversion
of bone marrow.
The Coexistence of Olfactory Groove with Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma Presenting with Anosmia: A Case Report
Authors: Kömürcü Hatice F. , Ayberk Gıyas , Anlar Ömer
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Meningiomas are the third most common intracranial tumors in adults after
glial tumors and metastases. Olfactory groove meningiomas often grow without symptoms due
to their slow growth rates and location in the frontal lobe. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas are benign
neoplasms of the meninges surrounding the optic nerve. The coexistence of olfactory groove
and optic nerve sheath meningiomas without any history of neurofibromatosis or radiotherapy has
never been reported in the literature.

Case Report:

A 36-year-old female patient was reported with anosmia, headache, memory disturbance,
and visual impairment and with the diagnosis of olfactory groove meningioma. In the postoperative
period, optic nerve sheath meningioma was detected in the imaging performed due to persistence
of visual impairment.

Conclusion:

Olfactory groove and optic nerve sheath meningiomas are rare tumors and can be diagnosed
late because they progress slowly. Early diagnosis and treatment may affect the prognosis
and morbidity of these patients favorably.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 based Cellular Therapies for Oxidative Stress Injury
Authors: Sahan Ozge Burcu , Gunel-Ozcan Aysen
Published: November 2020

Imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants causes oxidative stress by the accumulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tissues and organs. Oxidative stress occurs in many damaged
conditions, and the increase of ROS and reduction of antioxidants enhances inflammation, apoptosis,
fibrosis and may worsen the pathology leading to organ failure. The potential therapies aim to
increase antioxidants and decrease ROS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the stroma of
various tissues are multipotent cells and have beneficial effects on several diseases with their immunomodulation
and regeneration capacities. MSCs trigger the proliferation of the cells with various
secretory factors, reduce oxidative stress and decrease apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis and thus, increase
regeneration. However, survival, engraftment, and differentiation problems of transplanted
MSCs restrict their protective and regenerative effects. Preconditioning of MSCs with several factors,
such as cytokines, hypoxia, chemical agents, pharmacological drugs, physical factors and growth factors,
enhances their repairing efficacy for injury and disease models. This review is mainly focused on
insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and discusses the research on
MSC priming/induction with IGF-1 and HGF stimulation either by supplementation or overexpression
that can enhance the regenerative potential of MSCs on various oxidative stress conditions such as
acute/chronic kidney diseases, lung injury, cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.