bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol absorption retrieval at ultraviolet wavelengths in a complex environment
Authors: Kazadzis Stelios , Raptis Panagiotis , Kouremeti Natalia , Amiridis Vassilis , Arola Antti , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Schuster Gregory L.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We have used total and diffuse UV irradiance measurements from a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UVMFR) in order to investigate aerosol absorption in the UV range for a 5-year period in Athens, Greece. This dataset was used as input to a radiative transfer model and the single scattering albedo (SSA) at 368 and 332 nm was calculated. Retrievals from a collocated CIMEL sun photometer were used to evaluate the products and study the absorption spectral behavior of retrieved SSA values. The UVMFR SSA, together with synchronous, CIMEL-derived retrievals of SSA at 440 nm, had a mean of 0.90, 0.87 and 0.83, with lowest values (higher absorption) encountered at the shorter wavelengths. In addition, noticeable diurnal variation of the SSA in all wavelengths is shown, with amplitudes up to 0.05. Strong SSA wavelength dependence is revealed for cases of low Ångström exponents, accompanied by a SSA decrease with decreasing extinction optical depth, suggesting varying influence under different aerosol composition. However, part of this dependence for low aerosol optical depths is masked by the enhanced SSA retrieval uncertainty. Dust and brown carbon UV absorbing properties were also investigated to explain seasonal patterns.
Extreme drought event in AD 1637–1643 in North China: New insight from pollen records in Kaifeng City
Authors: Liu Dexin , Ma Jianhua , Gu Lei , Chen Yanfang
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Long-lasting droughts usually result in water shortage and famine and even hinder the progress of human civilization. This paper presents the first study to identify the "Chong Zhen drought" event during the Late Ming Dynasty (AD 1637–1643) in a region with alluvial sediment. Using AMS14C dating, grain size and historical documents, we determined the formation age of the sediment. Pollen records at 5–7.8 m, with the highest values for mesoxerophyte and xerophyte taxa such as Chenopodiaceae, Nitraria and Ephedra pollen, were found to provide evidence for the "Chong Zhen drought" event. Other pollen percentages were almost the lowest value of the entire core. However, sediment at 5–6.7 m also had a very high value of Pinus, which was mainly caused by fluvial transport and depositional processes. Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia and Asteraceae pollen are always transported and deposited together with coarser sediment during the flood running stage, while pollen with thinner extine and air-sacs are always deposited in slow flow or hydrostatic conditions during the flood falling stage. In addition, pollen transported by wind from local and regional areas deposited on the ancient ground are always mixed with the sediment during the flood running stage with coarser until it covered by next flood. Our work helps shed light on the interpretation of the ancient vegetation and past climate based on pollen in alluvium, but it is important to make allowances for flood processes and sedimentary facies.
Sediment and nutrient budgets are inherently dynamic: evidence from a long-term study of two subtropical reservoirs
Authors: O'Brien Katherine R. , Weber Tony R. , Leigh Catherine , Burford Michele A.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Accurate reservoir budgets are important for understanding regional fluxes of sediment and nutrients. Here we present a comprehensive budget of sediment (based on total suspended solids, TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for two subtropical reservoirs on rivers with highly intermittent flow regimes. The budget is completed from July 1997 to June 2011 on the Somerset and Wivenhoe reservoirs in southeast Queensland, Australia, using a combination of monitoring data and catchment model predictions. A major flood in January 2011 accounted for more than half of the water entering and leaving both reservoirs in that year, and approximately 30 % of water delivered to and released from Wivenhoe over the 14-year study period. The flood accounted for an even larger proportion of total TSS and nutrient loads: in Wivenhoe more than one-third of TSS inputs and two-thirds of TSS outputs between 1997 and 2011 occurred during January 2011. During non-flood years, mean historical concentrations provided reasonable estimates of TSS and nutrient loads leaving the reservoirs. Calculating loads from historical mean TSS and TP concentrations during January 2011, however, would have substantially underestimated outputs over the entire study period, by up to a factor of 10. The results have important implications for sediment and nutrient budgets in catchments with highly episodic flow. First, quantifying inputs and outputs during major floods is essential for producing reliable long-term budgets. Second, sediment and nutrient budgets are dynamic, not static. Characterizing uncertainty and variability is therefore just as important for meaningful reservoir budgets as accurate quantification of loads.
Identifying, characterizing and predicting spatial patterns of lacustrine groundwater discharge
Authors: Tecklenburg Christina , Blume Theresa
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) can play an important role for lake water balances and lake water quality. However, quantifying LGD and their spatial patterns is challenging as pronounced spatial variability is paired with a large spatial extent of the aquifer–lake interface and factors controlling LGD patterns are not well understood. We used intensive field measurements including 520 vertical temperature profiles in the near shore area, sediment temperature measurements with a fibre-optic cable along 6 transects from shoreline to shoreline and radon measurements of lake water samples to identify LGD patterns at a lake in north eastern Germany. Sediment characteristics, topographic indices and gradients of the groundwater flow field were considered as potential controls of small scale and large scale LGD patterns. The results revealed that LGD was concentrated in the near shore area with stronger rates and higher variability in the northern part of the lake. LGD generally decreased with distance to shore and offshore LGD was insignificant except for some local hotspots of LGD on steep steps towards the lake bottom. Large scale groundwater inflow patterns were correlated with topography and the groundwater flow field whereas small scale patterns correlated with grainsize distributions of the lake sediment. Regression models using external controls as explanatory variables had limited power to predict LGD rates, but results encourage the use of topographic indices and sediment heterogeneities as an aid for targeted experimental designs.
Advanced information processing of MEMS motion sensors for gesture interaction
Authors: Ling Yin
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Sensor-based gesture interaction technology has been widely adopted in consumer electronics. Nevertheless, bias, drift, and noise existing in sensor signals are difficult to eliminate, and accurate movement trajectory information is still needed to achieve flexible interaction application. This paper presents micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) motion sensor information processing algorithms designed on a gesture interaction system which integrates multiple low-cost MEMS motion sensors with ZigBee wireless technology to support embodied communication while acting together with machines. Sensor signal processing systems mainly solve noise removal, signal smoothing, gravity influence separation, coordinate system conversion, and position information retrieval. The attitude information which is an important movement parameter and required by position estimation is calculated with a quaternion-based extended Kalman filter (EKF). The effectiveness of the movement information retrieval of this gesture interface is verified by experiments and test analysis, both in static and moving cases. In the end, related applications of the described sensor information processing are discussed.
Properties and mass transport differences across the Falkland Plateau between 1999 and 2010
Authors: Pérez-Hernández M. Dolores , Hernández-Guerra Alonso , Comas-Rodríguez Isis , Benítez-Barrios Verónica M. , Fraile-Nuez Eugenio , Pelegrí Josep L. , Naveira-Garabato Alberto C.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Decadal differences in the Falkland Plateau are studied from full-depth hydrographic data collected during the ALBATROSS (April 1999) and MOC2-Austral (February 2010) cruises. Differences in the upper 100 dbar are due to changes in the seasonal thermocline, as the ALBATROSS cruise took place in the austral fall while the MOC-Austral in summer. The intermediate water masses seem to be very sensible to the wind conditions existing on their formation area, showing cooling and freshening for the decade as consequence of a higher Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) contribution and of a decrease of the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) stratum. The deeper layers do not exhibit any significant change in the water masses properties. The Subantarctic Front (SAF) in 1999 is observed at 52.2–54.8° W with a relative mass transport of 32.6 Sv. In contrast, the SAF gets wider in 2010, stretching from 51.1° W to 57.2° W (the Falkland Islands), and weakening to 17.9 Sv. Changes in the SAF are mainly affecting the northward flow of Subantarctic Surface Water (SASW), SAMW and AAIW/ Antarctic Surface Water (AASW). The Polar Front (PF) carries 24.9 Sv in 1999 (49.8–44.4° W), while in 2010 (49.9–49.2° W) it narrows and strengthens to 37.3 Sv.
The Mediterranean Outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar and its connection with upstream conditions in the Alborán Sea
Authors: García-Lafuente Jesús , Naranjo Cristina , Sammartino Simone , Sánchez-Garrido José C. , Delgado Javier
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The present study addresses the hypothesis that the Western Alborán Gyre in the Alborán Sea (the westernmost Mediterranean basin adjacent to the Strait of Gibraltar) influences the composition of the outflow through the Strait of Gibraltar. The process invoked is that strong and well-developed gyres help to evacuate the Western Mediterranean Deep Water from the Alborán basin, thus increasing its presence in the outflow, whereas weak gyres facilitates the outflow of Levantine and other Intermediate waters. To this aim, in situ observations collected at Camarinal (the main) and Espartel (the westernmost) sills of the Strait have been analysed along with altimetry data, which were employed to obtain a proxy of the strength of the gyre. An encouraging correlation of the expected sign was observed between the time series of potential temperature at Espartel sill, which is shown to keep information on the outflow composition, and the proxy of the Western Alborán Gyre, suggesting the correctness of the hypothesis, although the weakness of the involved signals does not allow for drawing definitive conclusions.
II. Desapegos
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: December 2016

Política de los afectos y emociones en producciones culturales de América Latina
Where Do We Stand? An Exploratory Analysis of Confidence in African Court Systems
Authors: Boateng Francis Danso , Makin David A
Published: December 2016

As an exploratory analysis, this research investigates the factors influencing public confidence in the court systems of five African nations; namely, South Africa, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali and Zambia. Incorporating frequency descriptive measurements and ordinal logistic regression, this research provides a comparative assessment across varying political, cultural, social and historical contexts to foster continued research within the criminal justice institutions, specifically the courts. The findings indicate that public confidence in the courts remains high, despite popular speculation to the contrary. There were, however, varying levels of confidence between the five nations; differences at theoretical and practical levels are discussed.
¿Cómo construir cuerpos individuales en el universo cartesiano?
Authors: Cardona Suárez Carlos Alberto , Loaiza Arias Juan Raúl
Published: December 2016

En el presente artículo se muestra que en la cosmología cartesiana no resulta claro cómo se puede hablar o referir a cuerpos individuales en el marco de un universo absolutamente compacto. Se defiende que el concepto de cuerpo individual en el interior de dicha cosmología se puede construir como una ficción del espíritu. Un cuerpo individual se puede construir como la extensión que se encuentra encerrada en una superficie maximal cuyas subdivisiones carecen de movimiento relativo entre sí. Se muestra, también, que la cosmología cartesiana puede presentarse como un modelo trivial de la Teoría M.
Translations and Migrations of the Poetic Diary: Roy Kiyooka'sWheels
Authors: Halebsky Judith
Published: December 2016

Formal aspects of haiku inform Roy Kiyooka's 1969 travel journal Wheels. In contrast to earlier scholarship, this study differentiates haiku traditions in Japan from English language haiku in North America. This framework reveals how Kiyooka employs select aspects of haiku practice to voice his othered cultural location.
“Baptized Spanish”: Gertrude Stein and the Making of a Spaniard
Authors: Murad David
Published: December 2016

As early as 1901—but especially after meeting the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso in 1905—Gertrude Stein imagined Spain as a birthplace of modernism, invoking a close American–Spanish relationship to symbolize how old traditions might be transformed into modern art. Unfortunately, the close connection between Stein and Spain has been overshadowed in literary criticism by the very categorization of Stein as chiefly an American modernist and expatriate who lived in Paris. However, the transnational trajectory of her writing career was as much American–Spanish as American–French, and the Spanish influences are much more interesting and relevant to her work. While much attention has been given to the Stein–Picasso relationship, few critics acknowledge the Spanish influence and the style that emerged thereafter—and with this, the recognition that Spain was a crucial setting of twentieth-century modernism.
Objectivism: Past and Future: Lecture and Question-Answer Session
Authors: Branden Nathaniel , Bissell Roger E.
Published: December 2016

In this lecture by Nathaniel Branden given on 23 November 1996 before the California Institute for Applied Objectivism, the late psychotherapist and theorist discusses the past and future of the philosophy of Ayn Rand, with which he was associated for many years. The lecture and question- answer session were transcribed by Roger E. Bissell from the recording made by Joshua Zader, currently President and Lead Developer of Atlas Web Development (http://www.atlaswebdev.com). Leigh Branden, the executor of Nathaniel Branden's estate, has graciously given permission to The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies to publish this material for the first time.
Adler, Branden, and the Third Wave Behavior Therapists: Nathaniel Branden in the Context of the History of Clinical Psychology
Authors: Schwartz Andrew
Published: December 2016

This article situates Nathaniel Branden's unique contributions to clinical psychology in the cognitive and behavioral therapy traditions, and describes ways in which Brandenian concepts were prefigured in the work of Alfred Adler and have been echoed in the work of modern behavior therapists, most notably Steven Hayes and Marsha Linehan. A dialectical sensibility common to all these contributors is noted. The article concludes with a reflection on Branden's sociological fate, offering an analogy between Freud's rejection of Adler and Milton Erickson's rejection of Branden, reported here in print for the first time.
Utopia at Five Hundred: Some Reflections
Authors: Claeys Gregory
Published: December 2016

Published in 1516, Thomas More's Utopia has come to signify attempts to reform society in a dramatic, radical, and substantial manner. Thanks to the influence of Karl Marx in the twentieth century, it has become identified as the classic precursor of the modern argument for communism as the solution to mankind's most essential woes. This article will sketch the main themes and context of Utopia, suggesting that to modern readers More presents a highly ambiguous, even “dystopian” portrait of an “ideal society.” It then trace the contours of the development of the utopian idea across the centuries to the present, focussing on the relationship between utopianism and millenarianism in particular, and the development of euchronia and the modern idea of progress in the eighteenth century. It will then ask what relevance, if any, More's central themes have to the modern reader, and suggest that in its warnings about the effects of machinery upon humanity and in its varied visions of global environmental catastrophe the dystopian tradition offers later modern readers a stark warning about our possible future.
Utopias, Past and Present: Why Thomas More Remains Astonishingly Radical
Authors: Eagleton Terry
Published: December 2016

Thomas More's Utopia, a book that will be 500 years old next year, is astonishingly radical stuff. Not many lord chancellors of England have denounced private property, advocated a form of communism and described the current social order as a “conspiracy of the rich.” Such men, the book announces, are “greedy, unscrupulous and useless.” There are a great number of noblemen, More complains, who live like drones on the labour of others. Tenants are evicted so that “one insatiable glutton and accursed plague of his native land” may consolidate his fields. Monarchs, he argues, would do well to swear at their inauguration never to have more than 1,000lbs of gold in their coffers. Perhaps this is one reason why Utopia is not bedside reading in Buckingham Palace. Instead of being worshipped, gold and silver should, he suggests, be used to make chamber pots. War is fit only for beasts, and standing armies should be disbanded. Labour should be reduced to a minimum, though the TUC might balk at the suggestion that workers would use some of their leisure time to attend public lectures before daybreak.
Italian Translations and Editions of Thomas More's Libellus vere aureus
Authors: Spinozzi Paola
Published: December 2016

The translations of More's Libellus vere aureus published in Italy in the sixteenth–nineteenth centuries share long titles. The first Italian translation was printed in Venice in 1548 by Aurelio Pincio, edited by Anton Francesco Doni and translated by Ortensio Lando. More's utopian project landed in a country where Leon Battista Alberti, Filarete, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, and da Vinci had theorized ideal cities and societies throughout the fifteenth century and Roseo, Anton Francesco Doni, Agostini, and Campanella would take up the legacy of utopian thought in the later sixteenth century. The next Italian edition was published in 1821, and the following was published in 1863 together with Campanella's La Città del Sole and an Italian utopia by Gozzi. More's text received great critical attention after World War II. L'Utopia o la migliore forma di repubblica (1942) was translated and edited by Tommaso Fiore, a prominent anti-Fascist intellectual. L'Utopia (1945) offers a fine translation by Roberto Bartolozzi and a preface by Alberto Savinio, who advocated the centrality of utopian thought in Western civilization. Utopia (2015) is the latest translation from Latin, by Maria Lia Guardini. In January 2016 its publisher launched Utopia500, a project involving a range of cultural initiatives.
Utopia's Turkish Translations and Utopianism in Turkish Literature
Authors: Atasoy Emrah
Published: December 2016

This article describes the literary and academic interest in Thomas More's Utopia in Turkish literature and its translations into Turkish. More's text as a historically and literarily significant work appeals to academia and the general reader through its widespread reception in Turkey. This article also presents a brief survey of utopianism and a critical approach to some selected translations in terms of paratextual elements, language, and translators' domestication or foreignization preferences in these translations. It renders a brief list of some exemplary Turkish utopias and dystopias and touches on the repercussions of the utopian impulse in Turkish representations of alternative social orders. The article therefore aims to inform international scholars about the existence of constant interest in utopia in Turkey through an analytical interpretation of a selection of translations of More's Utopia and to thus contribute to a broader understanding of More's influence.
Reforma policial y gasto público en entidades federativas y municipios mexicanos (2008-2013)
Authors: Barrachina Lisón Carlos
Published: December 2016

Esta investigación reflexiona sobre la inversión que el estado mexicano ha realizado desde 2008 hasta 2013 en seguridad pública. Explica los programas federales encaminados a la reforma de los aparatos policiales de los estados y municipios mexicanos. Hace un aporte a la discusión publicando la cantidad de recursos federales destinados a estos programas, y destaca la inversión por estados y municipios cuestionando la efectividad del uso de los mismos. La política de transformación policial está consensuada por los diferentes partidos políticos y los gobernadores, y sin embargo se encuentran diferentes respuestas en la voluntad política de impulso de la reforma en algunas entidades federativas y municipales. El presidente Enrique Peña Nieto y los gobernadores mexicanos confirmaron la voluntad de continuidad de esta política en la reunión de la Conferencia Nacional de Gobernadores (CONAGO) celebrada en Chihuahua en febrero del 2013, así como en otros documentos oficiales publicados por la administración mexicana.
Apuesta estratégica para el desarrollo futuro del Centro de Investigación Científica CINC-ANSP
Authors: Editor El
Published: December 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 6(2) 2016: 339-355
Libros: Diagnóstico organizacional de la Policía Nacional Civil. Programa de USAID para el fortalecimiento de la democracia Mejorando el Sistema de Justicia en El Salvador
Authors: Gutiérrez Portillo Alejandra Patricia
Published: December 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 6(2) 2016: 359-361
Automation of a Cans Waste Sorting System Using the Ejector System
Authors: Resti Yulia , Saldan M Amrifan , Burlian Firmansyah , Yani Irsyadi , Amran. Ali
Published: December 2016

This research aims to integrate a mechanical system of cans waste sorting with the identification system in real-time which the mechanical system is designed using an ejector system. This system is made based on a five-bar mechanism of aluminum plate where the last bar that serve as end effector is connected a servo motor as a driving force. The controller of servo motor uses microcontroller arduino uno. The cans waste are sorted based on three types of cans waste. They are pure aluminum cans (type 1), aluminum cans mixture of metal (type 2) and aluminum cans mixture of hazardous substances (type 3). The testing result of automation of a cans waste sorting system is got the success rate of 92.53%.
Legal Control on Social Control of Sex Offenders in the Community: A European Comparative and Human Rights Perspective
Authors: van der Wolf Michiel
Published: December 2016

Legal Control on Social Control of Sex Offenders in the Community: A European Comparative and Human Rights Perspective

This paper provides first of all the introduction to this special issue on ‘Legal constraints on the indeterminate control of “dangerous” sex offenders in the community: A European comparative and human rights perspective’. The issue is the outcome of a study that aims at finding the way legal control can not only be an instrument but also be a controller of social control. It is explained what social control is and how the concept of moral panic plays a part in the fact that sex offenders seem to be the folk devils of our time and subsequently pre-eminently the target group of social control at its strongest. Further elaboration of the methodology reveals why focussing on post-sentence (indeterminate) supervision is relevant, as there are hardly any legal constraints in place in comparison with measures of preventive detention. Therefore, a comparative approach within Europe is taken on the basis of country reports from England and Wales, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Spain. In the second part of the paper, the comparative analysis is presented. Similar shifts in attitudes towards sex offenders have led to legislation concerning frameworks of supervision in all countries but in different ways. Legal constraints on these frameworks are searched for in legal (sentencing) theory, the principles of proportionality and least intrusive means, and human rights, mainly as provided in the European Convention on Human Rights to which all the studied countries are subject. Finally, it is discussed what legal constraints on the control of sex offenders in the community are (to be) in place in European jurisdictions, based on the analysis of commonalities and differences found in the comparison.
Markttoezicht in de gezondheidszorg na wijziging Wmg
Authors: van der Heul Sjaak , Cornelissen Frank
Published: December 2016

Markttoezicht in de gezondheidszorg na wijziging Wmg. Overheveling van een AMM-instrument van de NZa naar ACM en verruimde toepassing daarvan

Momenteel worden de zorgspecifieke aspecten van een voorgenomen concentratie in de zorgsector – na een melding van de betrokken partijen – getoetst door de Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit (NZa). Ook is de NZa op grond van artikel 48 Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg (Wmg) bevoegd om verplichtingen op te leggen aan zorgaanbieders en -verzekeraars die beschikken over aanmerkelijke marktmacht (AMM). Als het aan minister Schippers van VWS ligt, gaat daarin per 1 januari 2017 verandering komen. Zij stelt voor deze taken door een wetswijziging van de Wmg over te hevelen naar de Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM). Die beoogde overheveling gaat gepaard met enkele materiële wijzigingen in het zorgspecifieke mededingingstoezicht. In dit artikel analyseren de auteurs het wetsvoorstel en voorzien dat van commentaar.
Universiteiten en hogescholen in de Wet markt en overheid
Authors: Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2016

Universiteiten en hogescholen in de Wet markt en overheid

In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur de mogelijkheden om bekostigde hoger onderwijsinstellingen onder de reikwijdte van de Wet Markt en Overheid te brengen.
Brulotte in Europa? Opmerkingen bij Genentech/Hoechst
Authors: Kreijger Paul
Published: December 2016

Brulotte in Europa? Opmerkingen bij Genentech/Hoechst

Is een verplichting van een (octrooi)licentienemer om royalty’s te betalen voor technologie die niet beschermd wordt door een octrooi, bijvoorbeeld na vernietiging daarvan, mededingingsbeperkend? Het Hof van Justitie bevestigde onlangs het antwoord dat het in 1989 op deze vraag gaf in een klassiek precedent op het snijvlak van IE en mededinging, maar lijkt dat onbedoeld meer ‘ordoliberaal’ uit te leggen. Dezelfde vraag houdt ook het Amerikaanse recht bezig, waar men juist graag af zou willen van een alom als achterhaald beschouwd precedent uit 1964.
De relatie tussen racisme en criminaliteit in Nederland
Authors: Joosen Katharina J.
Published: December 2016

The relation between racism and criminality in the Netherlands

Surinamese and Dutch Caribbean migrants have been overrepresented in (official) Dutch crime statistics for years. From Hirschi’s Social Control Theory and the Theory of African-American Offending, this study investigates to what degree racism based on skin color is related to self-reported offending among Surinam and Dutch Caribbean migrants in The Netherlands. A total of 91 online questionnaires were filled out regarding skin color, experiences with racism, and offending. Results show that darker-skinned respondents experienced more racism and that more racism was reported by the respondents who committed more offenses; especially regarding violent and drug-related offenses.
De bestuurlijke aanpak van het jihadisme
Authors: van der Vorm Benny
Published: December 2016

The administrative approach to Jihadism

In the fight against terrorism, administrative measures are increasingly applied. This is called the administrative approach on terrorism. A recent bill seeks to the withdrawal of the Dutch citizenship of those who are suspected of certain terrorist activities abroad and when such is needed in the context of national security. Under this bill it is made possible to withdraw the Dutch citizenship of those who voluntarily join a terrorist group abroad. The idea behind this proposed administrative measure is to protect the national security of the Netherlands, by banning those who voluntarily joined a jihadi organization and pose a threat to national security due to their return. The bill has several major drawbacks: the limited legal protection of the persons concerned, the possible criminal nature of this measure and doubts about its effectiveness.
Weerbaarder door reflectie
Authors: Geenen Marie-José , Stolzenbach Frank , Tedeschi Diana , van der Roest Camiel , Jansen Janine , Kolthoff Emile
Published: December 2016

More resilience through reflection Experiences in a Dutch prison

This article discusses the importance of reflection for prison staff. Their work is both physical and emotionally incriminating. That increases risk on turnover, burn-out, psychosomatic diseases and negative experiences with prisoners. To render all challenges in their work it’s important to build up resiliency. One of the means to stimulate resilience is organized reflection. It is described how guided by experts, reflecting on own experiences can contribute to resilience of prison employees and strengthen their learning capacity. That is done by literature study and a description of experiences with organized reflection in PI Vught.
The Singapore International Commercial Court
Authors: Yee Leong Chong
Published: December 2016

The Singapore International Commercial Court

This article provides an overview regarding the Singapore International Commercial Court (the ‘SICC’). It describes the scope and services of the SICC and discusses amongst other things the relation between the SICC and mediation / international arbitration.
The State of Delaware: A Preeminent Forum to Resolve Business Disputes
Authors: O’Toole M.J. , Kelly C.N.
Published: December 2016

The State of Delaware: A Preeminent Forum to Resolve Business Disputes

This article provides a brief overview of Delaware’s two business courts – the Court of Chancery and the Superior Court’s Complex Commercial Litigation Division – as well as its business-friendly Rapid Arbitration Act.
The International Division of the Paris Commercial Court
Authors: Jeuland E.
Published: December 2016

The International Division of the Paris Commercial Court

This article provides an overview of the Paris Commercial Court and its international division.
Drie drugsnetwerken in een kleine stad
Authors: Bervoets Eric , Van Wijk Anton
Published: December 2016

Three drug trafficking networks in a small town

Recently, we conducted a study on drug trafficking criminal networks in a Dutch town. In this article, we examine the results of this study by assessing the development of criminal networks and the way in which individuals get involved with these networks. Our analysis of the qualitative data focuses on three central empirical findings derived from earlier (mainly Dutch) research on criminal networks. A first outcome of earlier studies was that criminal networks are not based on a specific kind of crime and therefore do not resemble goal driven companies. Our fieldwork suggests, however, that the networks seemed less ‘flat’ and more goal driven than previously assumed. Second, earlier studies conclude that the structure of social opportunities facilitates a subjects’ inclination towards committing crime. Our study seems to confirm this finding: social pressure from peers and family is strong and encourages involvement in drug trafficking networks. Finally, earlier research pointed out that involvement in criminal networks was not a result of intentional recruitment. In our study we found – anecdotic – evidence of the opposite. We found evidence that suggests that most youth criminals are not ‘persisters’, however, mobs may serve as gateways to organised crime.
Het episodisch geheugen en getuigenverhoor: wat moeten politieverhoorders hiervan weten?
Authors: Rispens Imke , van Amelsvoort Adri
Published: December 2016

Episodic memory and interviewing witnesses. What do police interviewers need to know about this topic?

Last year the article ‘Episodic memory and interviewing witnesses. What do police interviewers know about this topic?’ (Odinot, Boon & Wolters, 2015, TvC, 57(3), 279-299) was published in this journal. The article describes a study that explored the knowledge of police interviewers about episodic memory. The researchers concluded that police interviewers had insufficient knowledge of episodic memory and that this was related to the lack of psychological terms in the manual of the curriculum of police training. In this article we describe the lack of scientific consensus about episodic memory and the consequences of this for doing research with lists with theses about this subject. Differences between interviewing witnesses and suspects will be discussed. We also question whether it is necessary that police interviewers have thorough knowledge of episodic memory. More important is what knowledge does police need when doing interviews and how are these conducted? Some factors have a negative impact on the quality of those interviews, so we end up with some recommendations for improving the quality of interviews in police practice.
Uitdagingen voor de toekomst van de (groene) criminologie
Authors: Bisschop Lieselot
Published: December 2016

Challenges for the future of (green) criminology

This narrative aims to identify a number of challenges for the future of (green) criminology. It discusses what the three traditional criminological questions about criminalization, etiology and the social reaction imply in a ‘green’ context. For each of those topics, we analyse where the goals of green and mainstream criminology align and pay attention to research projects on these topics in the Netherlands and Belgium. In the end, this allows us to identify the following challenges for the future of (green) criminology: theoretical foundations, methodological creativity, interdisciplinary research projects and dialogue, and a research focus that goes beyond a preoccupation with the Global North.
Krachten op Straat: waar politiemensen uit putten en mee worstelen in hun alledaagse werk
Authors: van Hulst Merlijn , van den Brink Gabriel , Hendrikx Wiljan , Maalsté Nicole , Mali Bas
Published: December 2016

Forces that matter in street-level police work

This article scrutinizes the forces that are at play during the work of police officers in the Netherlands in order to unravel how they shape and give meaning to police officers’ workaday practice. By doing so, we contribute to scholarly debates in the fields of criminology and public administration and give a new impulse to the Dutch debate on policy culture. Using insights from the literatures on police culture, policing, police morality and police styles as theoretical background, an empirical study was conducted using fifteen focus groups with a total of 83 police officers working at street-level as main method of data collection. After analyzing the transcripts through an iterative coding process, four main forces that influence police officers’ workaday practice emerged from the data, partly confirming and partly expanding existing research: 1) environment and public; 2) group culture; 3) organization and its supervisors; and 4) personal factors. However, by acquiring a deeper understanding of these forces in relation to each other and to their workaday practice, police officers’ ‘moral resilience’ will increase: it will help them to act well-considered, strengthening their ability to explain the logic of their actions.
Verhalen van plattelandspolitie – constructie van een beroepsidentiteit onder druk
Authors: Terpstra Jan
Published: December 2016

Stories of rural police officers – constructing an identity under threaten

This paper focusses on the cultural aspects of rural policing by analyzing the stories of rural police officers. It shows that some central elements can be found in these stories. The core element of these stories is the constructed contrast with the imagined urban police: the rural police are said to be better integrated in the local communities, have more personal and direct relations with citizens, and have other strategies to solve problems. Rural officers often feel that they are seen and treated as inferior police. In contrast to this image they emphasize that they are more competent and have better methods of policing than the urban police, by avoiding the use of violence and escalation. These stories are an important way to construct an identity as rural police. They become more manifest at the moments that the specific identity of the rural police is under threaten.
Networks of Meaning: Communication Trajectories in Social Sciences and Humanities. (Sketch of a research problem).
Authors: Velez Cuartas Gabriel
Published: December 2016

The model of Networks of Meaning is useful for ordering and grouping different texts of science according to their contributions and shared trajectories. The tools used can be described metaphorically as a sieve used to filter texts according to their shared meaning. The model uses tools from scientometrics, network analysis and documentary analysis. Our purpose is presenting an alternative analytical model for observing the dynamics of scientific production for example: paths and trajectories in contributions to solve different problems; not only researchers but communities of researchers that built together different answers; and to know who knows what and where in a specific territory. This model is applied to social sciences and humanities. Here is problematized the situation of social sciences and humanities according to the model.
USE OF AERIAL IMAGES IN RESEARCH OF MASS MOVEMENTS – A CASE STUDY OF THE LACHOWICE LANDSLIDE (WESTERN CARPATHIANS, BESKID MAKOWSKI MTS)
Authors: Karwacki Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

The article presents the application of photogrammetric digital elevation models in the study of the Lachowice landslide. For this purpose, aerial photos taken in 1977, 2003, 2009 have been used. Digital terrain models (DTM) have been produced from the point cloud generated on the aerial images, using images matching. Generated models allowed calculating the volume of displaced rock masses. Zones of loss and accumulation of rock masses have also been identified. The presence of identifiable points on all images enabled the determination of the values and directions of horizontal displacement vectors.
GEOTOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF THE HOLLY CROSS MOUNTAINS
Authors: SERMET Edyta , Musiał Angelika , Auguścik Justyna
Published: December 2016

The paper presents selected targets from the south-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains, in the Opatów and Staszów area, which could be geotourist attractions. These are the deposits of Middle Devonian limestones and dolomites, Lower Cambrian quartz sandstones, Miocene detrital limestones from the Smerdyna area, as well as the Krzyżtopór Castle in Ujazd. The paper shows the geological diversity and a high geotourist potential of the discussed area.
DISPOSABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF RIVER BASINS IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
Authors: SADURSKI Andrzej , Przytuła Elzbieta
Published: December 2016

The term groundwater resources was introduced to hydrogeology from economic geology similarly to the resources of ore bodies almost a hundred years ago. It has been used for the need of physical planning, investment in new water intakes, and water management. Discussion on the groundwater resources started in the past after implementation of new methods of their evaluation, e.g. analytical approaches, and physical and then numerical modelling techniques. The ecological aspects of water demand, indicated in the Water Framework Directive, oblige the EU countries to introduce a new idea for the estimation of groundwater resources. This idea is also presented in the water management plans for river catchment areas. Distribution of available groundwater resources in the country and comparison with the groundwater exploitation is the background of proper, sustainable management of its resources. Available groundwater resources of the country, understood as a total amount of disposable and prospective groundwater resources, is 36.4 million m3/day (as of December 31, 2015), including 21.4 million m3/day of disposable resources, and 15 million m3/day of estimated prospective resources.
SALT IN 21ST CENTURY – CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SALT GEOLOGY IN POLAND
Authors: BUKOWSKI Krzysztof , CZAPOWSKI Grzegorz
Published: December 2016

This article provides an overview on the current state of knowledge on salt geology in Poland. Salt occurs in Poland in two ­salt-bearing formations: Zechstein (Permian) and Miocene (Neogene). The review briefly presents information on the various aspects of salt mining as well as description of results of different research topics discussed by scientists since the beginning of the 21st ­century: ­stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochemistry, ­mineralogy, geophysics, tectonics, hydrogeology as well as reserves and resources of salt ­deposits. Various forms of management of salt occurrences (crushed salt and brine production, storages of media, and waste disposals) and the post-mining activity of salt mines are commented. This review is based on extensive literature and ­proposes main directions of future studies in salt geology of Poland.
FALSIFICATION OF THE EULERIAN MOTIONS OF LITHOSPHERIC PLATES
Authors: KOZIAR Jan
Published: December 2016

Morgan (1968) tested the supposed Eulerian motion of lithospheric plates by calculation on a circuit around the Indian Ocean triple junction. The present analysis performed on a physical model shows that on a non-expanding Earth, the reconstructed Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge fails to close as it should according to the allegedly positive result of Morgan’s test, which is thereby shown to be in error. Wedge-shaped openings, appearing along all arms of the Indian Ocean triple junction during its reconstruction, are examples of Carey’s artifactual “gaping gores” which in general are one of the proofs of the Earth’s expansion. A global plan of plate motions based on the Eulerian principle is impossible and confirms Carey’s Arctic Paradox which is other proof of the expansion of the Earth. Space geodesy testing of expanding Earth is in fact testing of possible expansion of the plate tectonics model, not the real Earth. V-shaped openings between plates, when real, are not of Eulerian origin but are large sphenochasms in Carey’s sense caused by an expanding interior of the Earth.
RUSSIAN GEOLOGISTS IN POLAND AT THE TURN OF THE XIX AND XX CENTURY
Authors: WORONCOWA-MARCINOWSKA Tatiana
Published: December 2016

The paper presents vitas of two famous Russian scholars: Dymitr N. Sobolew (1872–1949) and Nikołaj J. Krisztafowicz (1866–1941), who worked 20 years in Poland and produced a more complete understanding of country’s geological structure. Their scientific contributions were closely connected with their preceptors and fellow workers: petrographer and mineralogist Aleksandr J. Lagorio (1852–1922), geologist and paleontologist Włodzimierz P. Amalicki (1860–1917), and geologist and soil scientist Wasilij W. Dokuczajew (1846–1903).
LOCATION OF THE LIGNITE FROM THE DĘBY SZLACHECKIE DEPOSIT IN THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS
Authors: PAWELEC Sandra , BIELOWICZ Barbara
Published: December 2016

The Dęby Szlacheckie lignite deposit is one of the prospective deposits of Poland. It is located between the Pomeranian Trough and Łódź Basin. The abovementioned deposit is classified to the C1 category of exploration, while its balance resources amount to 103,171 thousand Mg. Productive series is composed of one lignite seam with a thickness ranging from 2.9 to 14.0 metres. It is the 1st Mid-Polish lignite seam of Middle Miocene age. The aim of the present paper is to characterize the basic technological parameters of lignite and classify them according to the current standards.
Lignite from the Dęby Szlacheckie deposit is of good technological quality. It is characterized by the average moisture content of 54.0% by weight, average ash content on a dry basis amounting to 24.3% by weight, average sulphur content (dry basis) of 1.04%, and the net calorific value amounting to 7,612 kJ/kg. Both lignite from the Dęby Szlacheckie deposit and the other currently exploited deposits of the KWB Konin lignite have similar quality parameters, which offers the possibility of continued operation of the Konin and Pątnów combined heat and power plants.
According to the International Classification of In-Seam Coals, the tested coal can be classified as humic low-rank C (ortho-lignite). On the basis of the Low Rank Coal Utilization – International Codification System, the international code – based on average values – of the examined coal is: humic low-rank C (Ortho-lignite) 08 71 24 10. According to the PN-ISO 11760:2007 Classification of Coals, the tested coal is classified as moderately high-vitrain, moderately high-ash lignite/low rank C.
Ústavní hodnoty a autonomie vůle v právním jednání v soukromém právu
Authors: Ondřejek Pavel
Published: December 2016

Článek analyzuje horizontální působení základních práv na základě strukturální analýzy souboru hodnot a systémových, případně protisystémových elementů v právu. Dotýká se tak relevance dichotomie soukromého a veřejného práva, kterou popisuje na kauze přípustnosti bankovních poplatků, jejíž řešení v českém a německém právu se podstatně lišilo. Přijmeme-li jako východisko ústřední roli právních principů a hodnot v současném právu a rozšíříme-li Jestaedtovu tezi o ústavě „za“ (psanou) ústavou na obecnější myšlenku existence práva v podobě nepsaných normativních standardů na pozadí psaného práva, pak naznačený konflikt mezi smluvní autonomií a základními právy je nutné vnímat šířeji: nejen jako konflikt pozitivněprávních úprav v ústavě a zákonech soukromého práva, ale i fundamentálních zásad a hodnot v obou těchto právních odvětvích.
Riešenie kolízie práv druhej generácie v rozhodovacej činnosti Ústavného súdu Slovenskej republiky
Authors: Zelenajová Zuzana
Published: December 2016

Príspevok sa zameriava na používanie metodológie na posudzovanie ústavnosti obmedzenia hospodárskych, sociálnych a kultúrnych základných práv a slobôd. Autorka reaguje na nejasnosť metodológie používanej Ústavným súdom Slovenskej republiky, ktorý uplatňuje jednak menej prísnu verziu klasického testu proporcionality a jednak osobitný test racionality prebratý od Ústavného súdu Českej republiky.
Odměňování soudců jako součást soudcovské nezávislosti
Authors: Blisa Adam
Published: December 2016

Článek se zabývá specifickou rolí odměňování soudců a možnými dopady manipulace se složkami odměňování na soudcovskou nezávislost. Vymezuje složky odměňování soudců a jeho vztah k soudcovské nezávislosti a analyzuje rozhodnutí vrcholných soudů (USA, Kanada, Česká republika, Slovensko, Polsko). Přístup soudů následně podrobuje kritice a poukazuje na aspekty vztahu soudcovské nezávislosti a odměňování soudců, které byly doposud do značné míry opomíjeny.