bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a much higher than reported incidence of anti-c in R1R1 patients with anti-E
Authors: Judd W.J. , Dake L.R. , Davenport R.D.
Published: May 2021

A previous study involving tube IATs, untreated RBCs, and a low-ionic-strength additive reagent revealed that approximately one-third of R1R1 patients with anti-E have a concomitant anti-c. However, the current study finds a much higher incidence of anti-c in such patients, using gel technology in conjunction with ficin-pretreated RBCs. Results of antibody identification studies and transfusion records of 82 R1R1 patients with anti-E were reviewed. Serologic test methods included a LISS wash solution for tube IATs (15 min at 37°C, anti-IgG), ficin-tube IATs (30 min at 37°C, anti-IgG + anti-C3), and gel IATs (untreated or ficin-treated RBCs or both, anti-IgG gels). LISS-tube or gel IATs with untreated RBCs revealed anti-c in 32 patients with anti-E. When gel-IAT and ficin-pretreated RBCs were used, 21 additional patients with anti-E were found to have anti-c. In samples from 26 R1R1 patients with anti-E, anti-c was not demonstrable by ficin-gel IATs, and in 3 cases, the ficin-gel tests were inconclusive. In five cases in which E– RBCs not tested for c antigen were transfused to patients found by ficin-gel IAT to be without anti-c, all subsequently performed crossmatches with E–, c-untested RBCs were compatible. The incidence of anti-c in R1R1 patients with anti-E in this study was 32 of 82 (39%) with untreated RBCs and 53 of 82 (65%) when the ficin gel data were included. The latter is significantly higher than the 32 percent incidence previously reported (p = 0.0001). Accordingly, all patients at our facility with an Rh antibody are now tested for those additional Rh antibodies they can make, as predicted from their Rh phenotype. The data from this study strongly support the selection of R1R1 RBCs for all c– patients with anti-E.
Immunohematology

2005;21:94–96.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and a further example of autoanti-Kpb
Authors: Lee E. , Burgess G. , Win N.
Published: May 2021

A 65-year-old Caucasian man with myelodysplasia was admitted with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and a Hb of 5.6 g/dL. The patient’s serum contained anti-K; the DAT on the patient’s RBCs reacted 3+ with anti-IgG and 3+ with anti-C3d. K– RBC units were transfused, but there was no sustained increase in Hb level. The samples were referred to the reference laboratory of the National Blood Service. The DAT results remained the same, with anti-K detected only in the serum. An eluate prepared from the patient’s DAT-positive RBCs revealed anti-Kpb specificity. This study reports an unusual case of autoanti-Kpb, which is different from previously published cases in that no free anti-Kpb was detectable in the serum.
Immunohematology

2005;21:119–121.
Reactivity of FDA-approved anti-D reagents with partial D red blood cells
Authors: Judd W.J. , Moulds M. , Schlanser G.
Published: May 2021

Individuals whose RBCs are characterized as having a partial D phenotype may make anti-D if exposed to normal D+ RBCs; thus it is desirable that they be typed as D– should they require blood transfusion or Rh immune globulin (RhIG) prophylaxis. Further, use of different anti-D reagents by blood centers and transfusion services can account for FDA-reportable errors. For this study, anti-D reagents for use in tube tests were obtained from three U.S. manufacturers. They included three examples of IgM monoclonal anti-D blended with monoclonal IgG anti-D, one IgM monoclonal anti-D blended with polyclonal IgG anti-D, and two reagents formulated with human anti-D in a high-protein diluent. One anti-D formulated for use by gel column technology was also tested. Direct agglutination tests by tube or gel were strongly positive (scores 9–12), with partial D RBCs of types DII, DIIIa, DIIIb, and DIVa. No reagent anti-D caused direct agglutination of DVI type 1, DVI type 2, or DFR phenotype RBCs. One tube anti-D reagent formulated with an IgM monoclonal anti-D plus a polyclonal IgG anti-D failed to cause direct agglutination of DVa, DBT, and R0
Har RBCs, while DVa RBCs reacted weakly with two high-protein reagents formulated with human IgG anti-D. In contrast, the anti-D used by gel column technology was strongly reactive (score 11) with DVa, DBT, and R0
Har RBCs. The single monoclonal IgM–polyclonal IgG blended anti-D and the two high-protein reagents were also the only reagents that failed to react with R0
Har RBCs by the IAT. Elimination of the test for weak D on all patient samples, using currently available FDA-licensed reagents, will ensure that partial D category VI (DVI) patients will type as D– for the purpose of RhIG prophylaxis and blood transfusion. However, RBCs of other partial D phenotypes will be classified as D+ in direct agglutination tests with some, if not all, currently available reagents. Testing donors for weak expression of D continues to be required, albeit that Rh alloimmunization by RBCs with a weak or partial D phenotype is uncommon. Further, because of differences in performance characteristics among FDA-approved reagents, conflicts between donor center D typing and transfusion service confirmatory test results are inevitable.
Immunohematology

2005;21:146–8.
Incidence of weak D in blood donors typed as D positive by the Olympus PK 7200
Authors: Jenkins C.M. , Johnson S.T. , Bellissimo D.B. , Gottschall J.L.
Published: May 2021

The incidence of weak D has been reported to be between 0.23 and 0.5 percent in Europe and 3.0 percent in the United States. All studies were performed before the introduction of monoclonal anti-D reagents. Using current commercial reagents, this study evaluated D+ samples for the presence of weak D. D+ donors, typed by the Olympus PK 7200, using diluted monoclonal blend anti-D and diluted polyclonal anti-D, were selected by sampling batches of 100 to 200 samples from the previous day’s collection. Anti-D reagents used on the Olympus PK 7200 are required to detect RBCs with the weak D phenotype which do not agglutinate at immediate spin (IS) when tested with polyclonal anti-D by manual tube methods. More than 95 percent of donors tested were Caucasian. Using tube tests with two different monoclonal blend anti-D reagents and one polyclonal anti-D typing reagent, the presence or absence of the D antigen was evaluated after the IS reading. Donors found negative or weakly positive (< 2+) at IS were further typed for weak D by the IAT. The weak D samples were RHD genotyped by allele-specific PCR. Of 1005 donors tested, 4 (0.4%) were classified as weak D by one or more anti-D reagents. Polyclonal anti-D reagent demonstrated weaker reactions when compared with the monoclonal blends. All weak D samples were found positive for exon 4, intron 4, and exon 10, a finding consistent with most D+ samples. The incidence of weak D found in this study is not significantly different from that found in earlier studies using polyclonal anti-D reagents.
Immunohematology

2005;21:152–4.
Review: IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions.Part I. Laboratory diagnosis, incidence, and supply of IgA-deficient products
Authors: Vassallo R.R.
Published: May 2021

Despite yielding a definitive diagnosis in fewer than 20 percent of anaphylactic transfusion reactions, investigation for IgA deficiency and the presence of presumably pathogenic IgG anti-IgA is useful in patient management. Individuals with demonstrated anti-IgA are thereafter committed to receiving IgA-depleted cellular products or IgA-deficient plasma and derivatives to prevent recurrent severe reactions. Unfortunately, in populations of IgA-deficient individuals screened for anti-IgA, the predictive value of the test in the absence of a prior reaction is quite low. Anti-IgA testing is complex and limited to a few reference laboratories, many of which still employ a labor-intensive hemagglutination assay developed in the late 1960s. Timely decisions regarding further transfusion management of patients experiencing anaphylaxis often rely upon more rapidly obtained assays of the IgA concentration as an indicator of the likelihood of subsequent demonstration of anti-IgA. The scarcity of IgA-deficient banked plasma products and dedicated platelet-pheresis donors has led to the development of American Rare Donor Program policies designed to appropriately allocate these precious resources. The test methods used to establish the diagnosis of IgA deficiency and identify the approximately one-third of these individuals with anti-IgA are discussed, along with the incidence of abnormal tests in various populations. Also presented are testing recommendations for the identification of an IgA-mediated mechanism for transfusion-associated anaphylaxis and qualification of patients to receive rare IgA-deficient plasmacontaining products.
Immunohematology 2005;21 :226–233.
The gene encoding the I blood group antigen: review of an I for an eye
Authors: Reid M.E.
Published: May 2021

Unlike most blood group antigen pairs, the I and i antigens are not antithetical (produced by allelic pairs) but, rather, they are reciprocal. The I antigen is formed by the action of an enzyme (a glycosyltransferase), which adds branches onto the i antigen. Thus, branched I antigen is formed at the expense of its precursor, the linear i antigen. The antigens are present on all blood cells and have a wide tissue distribution. Soluble I antigen is found in milk, saliva, and amniotic fluid, and a small amount is in plasma. The function of these antigens is unknown but the I antigen has a decreased expression and the i antigen has a concomitant increased expression in conditions that result in increased hematopoiesis. The gene encoding the branching transferase has been cloned and sequenced, and the mechanism underlying the i adult phenotype with and without association with cataracts has been elucidated.
Immunohematology 2004;20:249–252.
Ground-truthing the pyrite trace element proxy in modern euxinic settings
Authors: Gregory Daniel D. , Lyons Timothy W. , Large Ross R. , Stepanov Aleksandr S.
Published: May 2021

Pyrite trace element (TE) chemistry is now widely employed in studies of past ocean chemistry. Thus far the main proof of concept has been correlation between large data sets of pyrite and bulk analyses emphasizing redox sensitive TE data from ancient samples spanning geologic time. In contrast, pyrite TE data from modern settings are very limited. The sparse available data are averages from samples from the Cariaco Basin without stratigraphic resolution and from estuarine sediments. To fill this gap, we present TE data (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Pb, Bi) from the two largest euxinic basins on Earth today, locations where the majority of the pyrite formed within the water column, the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin. These locations have different water column TE contents due to their relative degrees of restriction from the open ocean, thus providing an ideal test of the relationship between pyrite precipitated under euxinic conditions from basins with different degrees of basin restriction and dissolved TE concentration.

At each site we observed that down-core trends for pyrite increase before reaching relatively steady values for most TE. This observation suggests that instead of all the TE being sourced directly from the water column, some are incorporated from the sediments, presumably desorbing from detrital materials. However, since much of the adsorbed TE is adsorbed from the overlying water, the pyrite chemistry still seems to reflect the water chemistry at or near the surface. Indeed, for Mo, there is less variation in pyrite than in bulk sediment. Additionally, we found that pyrite formed during diagenesis due to sulfide diffusion into iron-rich muds revealed low-TE contents, except for siderophile elements likely to have been adsorbed onto Fe (hydr)oxides, highlighting the risk of potential false negatives from pyrite formed under these conditions. This relationship highlights the need for detailed understanding of the full context, including the use of complementary geochemical data such as sulfur isotope trends, in efforts to use pyrite TE to interpret conditions in the global ocean.
A dark state of Chern bands: Designing flat bands with higher Chern number
Authors: Łącki Mateusz , Zakrzewski Jakub , Goldman Nathan
Published: May 2021

We introduce a scheme by which flat bands with higher Chern number
\vert C\vert>1|C|>1
can be designed in ultracold gases through a coherent manipulation of
Bloch bands. Inspired by quantum-optics methods, our approach consists
in creating a ``dark Bloch band" by coupling a set of source bands
through resonant processes. Considering a \LambdaΛ
system of three bands, the Chern number of the dark band is found to
follow a simple sum rule in terms of the Chern numbers of the source
bands: C_D\!=\!C_1+C_2-C_3CD=C1+C2−C3.
Altogether, our dark-state scheme realizes a nearly flat Bloch band with
predictable and tunable Chern number C_DCD.
We illustrate our method based on a \LambdaΛ
system, formed of the bands of the Harper-Hofstadter model, which leads
to a nearly flat Chern band with C_D\!=\!2CD=2.
We explore a realistic sequence to load atoms into the dark Chern band,
as well as a probing scheme based on Hall drift measurements. Dark Chern
bands offer a practical platform where exotic fractional quantum Hall
states could be realized in ultracold gases.
Testing new physics models with global comparisons to collider measurements: the Contur toolkit
Authors: Buckley Andy , Butterworth Jonathan , Corpe Louie , Habedank Martin , Huang Danping , Yallup David , Altakach M. , Bassman G. , Lagwankar Ishaan , Rocamonde Juan , Saunders H. , Waugh B. , Zilgalvis G.
Published: May 2021

Measurements at particle collider experiments, even if primarily aimed at understanding Standard Model processes,
can have a high degree of model independence, and implicitly contain information about
potential contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model.
The CONTUR package allows users to benefit from the hundreds of measurements preserved in the RIVET library to
test new models against the bank of LHC measurements to date. This method has proven to be very effective
in several recent publications from the CONTUR team, but ultimately, for this approach to be successful, the authors believe that
the CONTUR tool needs to be accessible to the wider high energy physics community.
As such, this manual accompanies the first user-facing version: CONTUR v2.
It describes the design choices that have been made,
as well as detailing pitfalls and common issues to avoid.
The authors hope that with the help of this documentation, external groups will be able to run their own CONTUR studies, for example when
proposing a new model, or pitching a new search.
VERIFICATION OF THE HISAB EPHEMERIS SYSTEM AGAINST THE HIJRI CALENDAR LEAP YEAR PATTERN WITH CRITERIA IMKAN AL-RUKYAH MABIMS (Case Study in Kudus District)
Authors: Fuscha Fika Afhamul
Published: May 2021

The hijri istilahi calendar has a 30-year cycle system, wherein 30 years there are 11 leap years and 19 basithoh years. In history, there are 4 kinds of variants in the placement of the leap year. This research aims to determine the leap year pattern of Kudus district in 30 years and to verify which patterns are close to the 4 kinds of variants. This study uses the Library Research method using a descriptive verification approach. This approach provides a sample of the number of days per month for 30 years using the Ephemeris reckoning system by considering the possibility of seeing the new moon based on the criteria of Imkan al-Rukyah MABIMS. If the hilal meets the MABIMS criteria, then the number of days is 29, but if not, then the number of days will be 30. Then, the number of days each month is accumulated annually and is used to verify the number of days each year on the hijriah istilahi calendar. Based on the analysis of the initial month data at the Kudus district headquarters for a period of 30 years, it turns out that in the period of 1411 H to 1440 H, the spread pattern of leap years is closer to pattern IV. There are 5 years whose leap is the same as the IV pattern, namely 2, 8, 16, 24, and 30.
Early Serum Heme Oxygenase-1, Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1, and B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia-2 Levels and Unfavorable Obstetric Outcomes
Authors: Sutcu Havva , Varol G. Fusun , Inan Cihan , Uzun Isil , Sayin N.Cenk
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: To examine early pregnancy levels of serum heme oxygenase-1, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 in relation to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal macrosomia.
STUDY DESIGN: A total of randomly selected 140 pregnancies were included in this prospective study. Peripheral blood samples were obtained between 110/7 and 136/7 gestational weeks. All pregnancies were followed up until the outcomes were obtained and classified as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, and uncomplicated ones.
RESULTS: Significantly high levels of early serum heme oxygenase-1 were found in the cases who subsequently developed preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, and fetal macrosomia (p<0.05), in concordance with high soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 levels of the preeclampsia group, however, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 s were similar in all groups. As soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 predicted preeclampsia at a value of 11.905 ng/mL, the cutoff values for the heme oxygenase-1 to predict preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, and fetal macrosomia were 0.372 ng/mL, 0.354 ng/mL and 0.494 ng/ml, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Elevated first trimester heme oxygenase-1 levels are remarkable in the pregnancies associated with preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, and fetal macrosomia in comparison with uncomplicated ones.
Effects of nitrate and glucose on the formation of chloronitromethane (CNM) under UV/chlorine treatment
Authors: Lin Deng , Bohui Xu , Fanfang Zhu , Prasad Singh Rajendra
Published: May 2021

The existence of nitrate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water can react with chlorine disinfectant to form chloronitromethane (CNM) with high toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of NH4NO3, NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 on the formation of CNM under UV/chlorine treatment when glucose was used as the carbon source. The results showed that the formation of CNM from nitrate and glucose was raised first and then decreased. Among three types of nitrate, the potential of forming CNM from NH4NO3 was the largest. The concentration of CNM increased with increasing glucose concentration and UV intensity, while it decreased with increasing pH from 6 to 8. The analysis of various nitrogen showed that NH3-N and were converted into dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) under UV/chlorine treatment. The formation pathways of CNM from nitrate and glucose had been inferred under UV/chlorine treatment. Actual water samples were used to verify the laws found in the laboratory. The study could provide the development of a new disinfection method for water treatment and be useful for controlling the generation of CNM under UV/chlorine treatment.
La puerta norte del “sueño chileno”. Ciudad fronteriza, asentamiento de migrantes y precariópolis en Arica, Chile
Authors: Hidalgo Dattwyler Rodrigo , Vergara Constela Carlos , González Rodríguez Miguel Felipe
Published: May 2021

Se presenta un análisis de Arica (Chile) en su condición de ciudad frontera. Con el objetivo de describir y analizar la movilidad migratoria de la ciudad de Arica y los asentamientos donde reside la población migrante, se plantea una discusión centrada en bibliografía latinoamericana sobre ciudades frontera, movilidad, migración y asentamientos humanos, donde se resaltan las categorías de gueto y precariópolis. Se aplicaron técnicas de producción de datos que combinan producción estadística de fuentes oficiales en conjunto con observación y análisis documental. Los resultados muestran que la población migrante es mayoritariamente peruana, boliviana y tiende a localizarse en tres grandes áreas de la ciudad: norte, sur y valle de Azapa. Se indaga específicamente en el caso de Cerro Chuño, el cual es problematizado como asentamiento migrante bajo la discusión de las expresiones de gueto y precariópolis.
Fungal infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sarvestani Amirmehdi , Almasian Mohammad , Nafari Amirhossein
Published: May 2021

Background:

The prevalence of fungal infections has been increasing in recent years. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects organs such as the intestines, liver, pancreas, and especially the lungs.

Introduction:

Fungal pathogens are becoming a challenge in CF. Advanced medical science is associated with longer life expectancy in some patient groups.

Method:

A review was conducted on studies found on such online databases as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Internet-based searches were performed on these databases for cystic fibrosis, respiratory infections, and fungal infection profiling to identify all relevant studies published between 2010 and 2020.

Result:

Fungal pathogens most frequently isolated from the respiratory tract include the Aspergillus genus, the Candida genus, Scedosporium apiospermum, and the Rasamsonia genus. In cystic fibrosis, these organisms usually colonize the respiratory and intestinal tracts and cause hypersensitivity responses and invasive diseases.

Conclusion:

Fungus-patient interactions are complicated and depend on various factors. Moreover, the emergence of drug-resistant species is a serious health issue, and the development of new treatments is crucial.
Uji Kuat Lentur Profil Baja Ringan Galvalum Tipe C yang Di Grouting Dengan Variasi Mortar
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Firdausa Fadhila , Artini Sri Rezki ,   Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Syapawi Ahmad ,   Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Puryanto Puryanto ,   Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Published: May 2021

Cold form steel is one type of material that is currently experiencing very rapid development. The advantages of the using cold form steel are so many, one of which is the light weight and high quality steel. This is an added value for cold form steel. But one of the weakness in cold form steel profile is the buckling effect. So that additional fillers are needed so that cold form steel has resistance with buckling effect. Mortar is a filler that is often used in construction. Therefore this research will be discuss the analysis of grouting mortar to prevent buckling effect in the cold form steel profile. And then the grouting mortar that will be used uses a variation of cement to sand as big as 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. From the results of the compressive strength of the mortar obtained compressive strength of 1: 1 has the greatest compressive strength of 30 Mpa. And then for the flexural test, the steel beam with mortar variation 1: 1 has the greatest resistance of 9558 Newton, with the smallest deflection value of 8 mm and the greatest stress of 19.47 Mpa, when compared to steel beams with variations of 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4 and steel beams without fillers.
Analisis Statik Beban Gempa Pada Perencanaan Struktur Gedung Rektorat UNHASY Tebuireng Jombang
Authors:   Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasyim Asy’Ari Tebuireng Jombang, Sundari Titin , Amudi Abdiyah ,   Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasyim Asy’Ari Tebuireng Jombang, Yulianto Totok ,   Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasyim Asy’Ari Tebuireng Jombang, Ramadhani Rahma ,   Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasyim Asy’Ari Tebuireng Jombang
Published: May 2021

Static analysis is a simplification of dynamic analysis. Earthquake vibrations cause lateral forces at the base of the structure, and will be distributed on each floor of the building as lateral level forces. This analysis is suitable for regular building shapes. In accordance with SNI 1726: 2012, the value of the base shear force V is 103,039 kg for the X and Y directions. The displacement value is 54 mm and drift ratio ∆ < ∆a (allowable)
On the Policy of the Republic of Turkey in the Red Sea and Horn of Africa Region in the Context of its Rivalry With Other Islamic States
Authors:   Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Abdusselam Tepe
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the Turkish foreign policy in the region of the African Horn. It provides: historical research of the Turkish relations with Somalia, the Sudan, Ethiopia; analysis of the basic priorities which precondition Turkish relations with the states of the Red Sea region; research of the economic and military constituents of the Turkish cooperation and strategic part-nership with Somalia; analysis of the conflict between Turkey from one side and Saudi Arabia, UAE and Egypt from the other on the ground of rivalry for regional influence. The author con-siders that during the last ten years Turkey pursues a successful policy in the African Horn. This policy is in line with political agenda to turn Turkey into global power. Thus, Turkish leadership secured national interests employing the principle of Islamic solidarity and choosing as a partner Somalia – the poorest and most unstable state of the region. At the same time, Turkish expansion in the region provoked tensions and conflicts in the Turkish relations with Saudi Arabia, UAE and Egypt
Legal Aspects of the Integration of European Islam in the Concept of T. Oubrou
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Albina Viktorovna Mikhaleva
Published: May 2021

The growing presence of Muslims in the West raises the question of the institutional sta-tus of Islam: the harmonization and compatibility of the Islamic legal system and the norms of the host society. Sharia remains a key problem of modern Islam and a focal point of the con-flictual confrontation between Western and Islamic socio-normative cultures, which raises the problem of realizing double legality: religious precepts and secularism. The subject of the analy-sis was the views of the French imam Tareq Oubrou of the legal aspects of the integration of the Muslim minority in the West through the concepts of “Sharia of the minority”, “reduction” and “ethization of the Sharia”. The work uses the method of qualitative text analysis, as well as the means of comparative legal, formal legal, systemic approaches and conceptual modeling with an emphasis on building an explanatory paradigm scheme. The concept of “Sharia of the minority” is actually a tool for creating legal secularized Islam, adapted to European law. In addition, it sets the framework for the preservation of Islamic identity as a minority. The concept proposed by T. Oubrou has some practical value, is theoretically fully realizable in practice and has no signif-icant flaws, except for strong external opposition from the majority society and the traditional Muslims.
Gobierno y Gerencia
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Americana, Gamboa López José Miguel
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se abordan conceptos que intentan captar “el retorno de lo político” como determinante en las relaciones actuales entre política y economía. Ese “retorno” no se ha dado de una vez por todas sino que aflora en diversos campos y en diversos momentos, muchas veces como contracorriente o como contraevidente. Pero ni todos esos campos ni todos esos momentos se intentan analizar aquí sino simplemente una mínima parte que se deja ver en las relaciones de la política y la economía y particularmente cuando ésta intenta convertirse en paradigma de la primera.
Análisis de sistemas dinámicos adaptables a empresas comerciales y de servicios
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Solorzano Movilla José
Published: May 2021

Un sistema, puede ser definido como un conjunto de ecuaciones matemáticas que describen fenómenos de diver-sos entornos. Cuando estas formulaciones abstractas consideran el cambio de las variables descriptoras respecto al tiempo, se dice que el sistema es dinámico. En este trabajo se van analizar diversas ecuaciones diferenciales que pueden ser adaptadas a empresas comerciales para describir su crecimiento y en ese sentido estimar su viabilidad y competitividad.
Inversión extranjera directa: comportamiento de las empre-sas extranjeras en el mercado colombiano
Authors:   Universidad del Mar, Arévalo Fajardo Blanca Yadira , González Franco Rubén Antonio ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Published: May 2021

La globalización permite el constante intercambio de bienes y servicios a nivel internacional, de igual manera la inversión de dinero entre países se ha convertido en uno de los fenómenos, quizá, más rentables en el mundo; conocido como la inversión extranjera directa. Es por ello, que en la presente monografía se abarcará el tema mencionado, específicamente en el país de Colombia, considerándolo como uno de los principales receptores de inversión extranjera en América Latina; adicionalmente, se expondrán los beneficios del por qué invertir en Colombia y para qué Colombia requiere de la inversión extranjera, sumándose a ello las razones y argumentos del retiro en el mercado colombiano de algunas empresas extranjeras
El gravamen a los movimientos financieros: Análisis del recaudo tributario versus la oferta monetaria en Colombia
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Americana, Pacheco Martínez Gabriel Alfonso
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presenta el recaudo tributario del impuesto a las transacciones financieras durante el período 2000 a 2014, se describen los antecedentes normativos, los referentes internacionales y la relación del impuesto con los agregados económicos y la oferta monetaria M1 y M2 en Colombia, con la finalidad de analizar la dinámica del recaudo impositivo y su relación con la oferta agregada de efectivo, cuentas de ahorro, CDT y cuentas corrientes, el estudio se realizó utilizando el método analítico-descriptivo a través de los datos obtenidos en las estadísticas sobre el recaudo tributario reportadas por la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales U.A.E DIAN y las estadísticas de agre-gados monetarios del Banco de la República. Se observaron tasas de crecimiento promedio anual en el impuesto a las transacciones financieras superiores al recaudo tributario y a la oferta monetaria, adicionalmente el incremento de tarifas del 2 al 4 x mil permitieron incrementar el recaudo tributario no obstante, la regresividad e inequidad del impuesto propenden por el aumento del uso de efectivo, la desbancarización e informalidad de los contribuyentes
Identificación del estilo de gerencia en la empresa “A” del sector agroindustrial de la ciudad de Montería
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Americana, González González Eliana , Oquendo Aduén Yesly Jesús , Becerra Ossa Jhennys Paola ,   Corporación Universitaria Americana,   Corporación Universitaria Americana
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo da a conocer los resultados del proyecto de investigación titulado: Identificación del estilo de gerencia en la empresa “A” del sector agroindustrial de la ciudad de Montería, cuyo objetivo principal fue identificar el estilo gerencial aplicado dentro de una de las empresas más representativas de la agroindustria del departamento de Córdoba, ubicada en la ciudad de Montería, la cual se llamará empresa A. Este estudio siguió un enfoque mixto; la recolección de datos se realizó a través de encuestas que permitieran conocer información general acerca de la empresa y sus distintas áreas, así como también, del estilo gerencial y orientación evidenciada dentro de la misma. Posteriormente, se compararon los datos recolectados con las teorías existentes. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que en la empresa A prevalece el estilo de gerencia deliberativo con una orientación humanística que permite la participación activa de los funcionarios, sin embargo, existen ciertas consideraciones relacionadas con la mejora continua de algunos procesos en diferentes áreas al interior de la empresa.
Ingreso, clases sociales y Desigualdad educativa en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors:   Universidad del Atlántico, Miranda Juan Carlos , Chadid Yaber ,   Universidad del Atlántico, Quintero Franklin ,   Universidad del Atlántico
Published: May 2021

La desigualdad se puede entender como diferencia en cuanto a las oportunidades en el acceso, posesión, control y disfrute de recursos, derechos y acceso al poder, derivados de diferentes condiciones. En Colombia la desigualdad se manifiesta principalmente en la distribución del ingreso y la pobreza monetaria. Según cifras del DANE, (2017) las zonas costeras de Quibdó, y Riohacha son las ciudades con los más altos porcentajes de pobreza con grandes asentamientos de población negra e indígena respectivamente.El siguiente trabajo intenta explicar la correlación existente entre el estrato socioeconómico y desigualdad en la educación, como influye esta variable en el desempeño de la educación a través de los resultados obtenidos en la prueba Saber11 en la ciudad de Barranquilla.Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se utiliza la regresión múltiple por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, con el objetivo de identificar aquellas variables que resultan significativas en explicar los resultados de las pruebas de calidad educativa para el caso de Barranquilla.Entre los principales hallazgos de esta investigación se confirma el efecto positivo que tiene el ingreso o posición social en los resultados académicos obtenidos por los estudiantes en la prueba de estado. Es decir que el backgraun familiar es el principal determinante de la calidad del aprendizaje
Negocios inclusivos: Una tendencia de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial hacia la eficiencia de la cadena de valor
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Rada-Llanos Jesus , Miguel Aragaki Alfredo ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Henríquez Fuentes Gustavo R ,   Universidad Libre de Barranquilla
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo de revisión pretende aportar desde las bases de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, a la comprensión de los negocios inclusivos como estrategias de integración con la comunidad y fuente de sostenibilidad para personas de bajos recursos y empresas por igual. Se analiza la situación de la pobreza en Colombia y América Latina, además de la concepción de la base de la pirámide, resultando de este análisis, la comprensión sobre el alcance de los negocios inclusivos como parte de la solución a los problemas de pobreza y atraso de la región. Parte de la conclusión se centra en que los negocios inclusivos son una estrategia que permite generar empleo y riqueza para la comunidad, pero además, a toda la cadena de suministro de una organización que sabe leer las ventajas de integrar sus operaciones alrededor de un grupo de personas de escasos recursos, dispuestas a aportar trabajo y otras habilidades
Análisis de la Competitividad del Departamento del Atlántico
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, Fábregas Rodado Carlos J.
Published: May 2021

Según estudios realizados en el departamento del Atlántico por diferentes actores institucionales y la academia este tiene una gran oportunidad de mejorar su competitividad ante el contexto mundial y la globalización actual.Pero estos estudios llaman la atención a los diferentes retos que el departamento debe abordar para alcanzar estas metas : mejorar la calidad de educación en los colegios; crear oportunidades y condiciones sociales para superar la pobreza, focalizando el gasto público y la responsabilidad social empresarial en las zonas y grupos socioeconómicos más vulnerables; realizar campañas para crear conciencia entre los ciudadanos de la importancia del buen uso de los recursos naturales y los desechos generados para lograr un desarrollo sostenible, promover la articulación del sistema financiero en el sector empresarial principalmente con las micros, las pequeñas y medianas empresas . Además de ello promover la creación de instituciones y grupos de investigación vinculados con los principales sectores productivos.Dado estos desafíos en el presente trabajo se pretenden analizar los indicadores de competitividad del departamento del Atlántico a partir de los cinco pilares que propone la CEPAL, para análisis de competitividad. Se espera publicar estos resultados y su divulgación llegue a los entes encargados de tomar decisiones para la mejora y sostenimiento competitivo global del departamento
Incidencia del merchandising en las empresas de accesorios de lujo para autos de alta gama en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Caso: tunning imports
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Cubillos Coll Rubén , Lastre Gómez Diana ,   Universidad del Norte, Sarué Montalvo Juan José ,   Universidad del Norte
Published: May 2021

Se pretenden evaluar las variables de Merchandising que intervienen en la toma de decisiones de los compradores de las empresas del sector accesorios, y su influencia en la productividad, qué de manera directa, incide en el crecimiento de estas empresas comerciales en la Región Caribe Colombiana, en especial en la ciudad de Barranquilla, así el presente artículo toma como estudio de caso la empresa Tunning Imports. Para esta evaluación se hace uso de herramientas investigativas y documentales, a través de la revisión de 16 referencias, cuyos resultados mostraron una gran influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor establecido y en la toma de decisiones de este target que han llevado a un alto crecimiento de estas empresas en la ciudad, así como también un sondeo a través de encuestas al azar de clientes que se acercaron a la empresa
La administración española de las colonias americanas o las contradicciones de un imperio insostenible. Un análisis de las reformas borbónicas y su impacto en la fractura del sistema colonial español a finales del siglo XVIII.
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Americana, Lazaro Julian
Published: May 2021

A comienzos del siglo XVIII la monarquía hispánica dio inicio a una serie de reformas aplicables para todo el imperio pero con especial impacto sobre los territorios coloniales de América. Dichas reformas se implementaron sobre ámbitos tan diversos como la economía, la política, la administración terri-torial y la defensa y la seguridad del imperio, entre otros. El propósito de dichas reformas fue ejercer un mayor control sobre los territorios imperiales, buscando sacar mayor provecho de sus recursos y fortalecer las arcas de la Corona, al tiempo que se mejoraba la gobernabilidad. La ampliación y aplica-ción rigurosa de las reformas a partir del reinado de Carlos III (1759-1788) dieron lugar a una serie de tensiones entre la metrópoli y una buena parte de la población de los territorios coloniales afectada por las medidas, tensiones que profundizaron las contradicciones de un sistema que priorizaba los intereses de una parte en detrimento de los de la otra. Este trabajo constituye una reflexión acerca de la manera como medidas de tipo administrativo, aplicadas muchas veces sin considerar de manera integral los intereses y particularidades de las partes implicadas, constituyeron agentes de transforma-ción a nivel político, económico, cultural y social de profundas consecuencias tanto para la metrópoli como para las colonias.
Obstáculos para la innovación en Instituciones de Educación Superior
Authors:   Universidad del Atlántico, Higuera Ojito Víctor Hugo , Cárdenas del Portillo Jeimmy ,   Universidad del Atlántico
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo comparar el grado de importancia otorgado a los obs-táculos para la innovación asociados a capacidades internas, información y entorno en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) innovadoras (en sentido estricto y amplio) y potencialmente innovadoras con las no innovadoras con intención de innovar. La población son las IES con 20 personas o más e ingresos superiores a 1.000 millones de pesos incluidas en la EDITS IV 2012-2013, siendo esta la téc-nica de recolección de información. Los porcentajes de IES que otorgaron importancia a la escasez de recursos propios, la falta de personal calificado, la escasa información sobre tecnología disponible, la incertidumbre frente a la demanda de bienes y servicios innovadores, las dificultades para acceder a financiamiento externo a la empresa, las escasas posibilidades de cooperación con otras empresas o instituciones y la facilidad de imitación por terceros fueron mayores para aquellas con intención de innovar que para las innovadoras y potencialmente innovadoras, mientras los porcentajes que otorgaron importancia a la escasa información sobre mercados y la insuficiente capacidad del sistema de propiedad intelectual para proteger la innovación son mayores para las innovadoras y potencialmente innovadoras que para aquellas con intención de innovar
Ascenso al poder por medio del discurso populista: casos de Henrique Capriles (Venezuela) y marine le pen (Francia)
Authors:   Universidad del Norte, López Ballesteros Adriana
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta una revisión detallada de la práctica del populismo en diferentes regiones del mundo, en este caso específico entre Europa y América Latina, abarcando desde los rasgos positivos vinculados con la democracia; los cuales comprenden al populismo como respuesta frente a la debili-dad de las instituciones democráticas, y negativos que exponen que el populismo puede representar una amenaza a la estabilidad política de un estado. En esta investigación compararemos los discursos expuestos por aquellos candidatos (Marine Le Pen, Francia y Henrique Capriles, Venezuela) de carác-ter ejecutivo que a la hora de desarrollar sus ideas para una campaña electoral. Estos podrían acoger aspectos populistas y accionaron bajo las características propias del mismo, dando como resultado discursos que podrían ser vistos con matices de esta índole.
Three Inspiring Review Articles on Photobiomodulation: Update 2021
Authors:   Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria, Litscher Gerhard
Published: May 2021

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an accurate term for an effective and important application of light in medicine (such as in photomedicine). Three review articles of authors from the International Society of Medical Laser Applications (ISLA-Transcontinental) on the topic of PBM with a total of 116 printed pages, published in one renowned journal of molecular sciences with an impact factor of 13.668, are presented in the current review. The main topics are PBM, probiotics, curcumin, and arthritis. PBM can modulate cellular dysfunctions, trigger self-organization phenomena, and alleviate different diseases.
Modelo productivo para el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el departamento de Santander
Authors: Jaimes Suárez Yeirme Yaneth , Agudelo Castañeda Genaro Andrés , Báez Daza Eliana Yadira , Rengifo Estrada Gersaín Antonio , Rojas Molina Jairo
Published: May 2021

El modelo productivo que se ofrece en el presente documento resulta importante dado el panorama descrito hasta aquí. El documento muestra la actualidad del sector cacaotero en Santander y brinda información sobre la oferta tecnológica que AGROSAVIA y otros actores han desarrollado para el departamento. El fin de esta oferta tecnológica es resolver las brechas tecnológicas y dar apoyo a los servicios de capacitación y asistencia técnica de las entidades que atienden a los productores, en aspectos sensibles de la productividad como obtención de material vegetal de calidad, manejo de enfermedades y plagas, establecimiento de plantaciones, procesos de beneficios y transformación del producto
A Clinical Prediction Model to Predict Heparin Treatment Outcomes and Provide Dosage Recommendations: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Li Dongkai , Gao Jianwei , Hong Na , Wang Hao , Su Longxiang , Liu Chun , He Jie , Jiang Huizhen , Wang Qiang , Long Yun , Zhu Weiguo
Published: May 2021

Background

Unfractionated heparin is widely used in the intensive care unit as an anticoagulant. However, weight-based heparin dosing has been shown to be suboptimal and may place patients at unnecessary risk during their intensive care unit stay.

Objective

In this study, we intended to develop and validate a machine learning–based model to predict heparin treatment outcomes and to provide dosage recommendations to clinicians.

Methods

A shallow neural network model was adopted in a retrospective cohort of patients from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database and patients admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). We modeled the subtherapeutic, normal, and supratherapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) as the outcomes of heparin treatment and used a group of clinical features for modeling. Our model classifies patients into 3 different therapeutic states. We tested the prediction ability of our model and evaluated its performance by using accuracy, the kappa coefficient, precision, recall, and the F1 score. Furthermore, a dosage recommendation module was designed and evaluated for clinical decision support.

Results

A total of 3607 patients selected from MIMIC III and 1549 patients admitted to the PUMCH who met our criteria were included in this study. The shallow neural network model showed results of F1 scores 0.887 (MIMIC III) and 0.925 (PUMCH). When compared with the actual dosage prescribed, our model recommended increasing the dosage for 72.2% (MIMIC III, 1240/1718) and 64.7% (PUMCH, 281/434) of the subtherapeutic patients and decreasing the dosage for 80.9% (MIMIC III, 504/623) and 76.7% (PUMCH, 277/361) of the supratherapeutic patients, suggesting that the recommendations can contribute to clinical improvements and that they may effectively reduce the time to optimal dosage in the clinical setting.

Conclusions

The evaluation of our model for predicting heparin treatment outcomes demonstrated that the developed model is potentially applicable for reducing the misdosage of heparin and for providing appropriate decision recommendations to clinicians.
Telehealth Use by Age and Race at a Single Academic Medical Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stevens Jennifer P , Mechanic Oren , Markson Lawrence , O'Donoghue Ashley , Kimball Alexa B
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many ambulatory clinics transitioned to telehealth, but it remains unknown how this may have exacerbated inequitable access to care.

OBJECTIVE

Given the potential barriers faced by different populations, we investigated whether telehealth use is consistent and equitable across age, race, and gender.

METHODS

Our retrospective cohort study of outpatient visits was conducted between March 2 and June 10, 2020, compared with the same time period in 2019, at a single academic health center in Boston, Massachusetts. Visits were divided into in-person visits and telehealth visits and then compared by racial designation, gender, and age.

RESULTS

At our academic medical center, using a retrospective cohort analysis of ambulatory care delivered between March 2 and June 10, 2020, we found that over half (57.6%) of all visits were telehealth visits, and both Black and White patients accessed telehealth more than Asian patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that the rapid implementation of telehealth does not follow prior patterns of health care disparities.