bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network approach for revealing market competitors’ behaviour
Authors: Kiannejad Mohammad , Salehizadeh Mohammad Reza , Oloomi‐Buygi Majid , Shafie‐khah Miadreza
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a novel approach for modeling and revealing the competitors' behavior from perspective of an intended player (IP). To this end, from perspective of IP, we define an Equivalent Rival (ER) whose behavior in the electricity market reflects the aggregation of behaviors of all individual competitors. It is assumed that IP and its ER participate in an equivalent market which its outcomes are approximately equal to those of the real market. The revealing procedure is designed as a two‐stage Artificial Neural Network‐based approach to estimate and predict the bids of ER after each run of the real market. Predicted bids of ER are used for the bidding strategy of IP. The proposed approach has been examined on two different case studies. In the first case study the aggregate supply curve of a market with 12 players has been obtained using the proposed approach and the result has been compared with a Bayesian inference approach. In the second case study a six‐player electricity market is considered. The competitors' behavior has been revealed from perspective of an intended player using proposed approach and an optimal bidding strategy based on the proposed approach has been constructed.
Fast restoration of a critical remote load area using a gradual voltage build‐up procedure
Authors: Nikkilä Antti‐Juhani , Kuusela Antti , Weixelbraun Michael , Haarla Liisa , Laasonen Minna , Pahkin Arto
Published: January 2020

This study validates an alternative restoration of a critical load area using remote black‐start units. Using the conventional restoration, switching actions on a nominal system voltage create switching transients, especially when energising a transformer. The transients maybe close to the resonance frequencies of a weak island system, which may induce high voltages, delay the restoration and damage the equipment in the grid. This study proposes an alternative restoration procedure where, to avoid switching transients, hundreds of kilometres of transmission lines and several transformers are energised using a gradually increasing voltage, which is controlled by the synchronous generator exciter. This study presents detailed procedure flowcharts, a proof of concept for the proposed procedure using a Finnish and an Austrian field tests and theoretical analyses of the tests. The results show that with the gradually increased voltage, harmonic resonances and switching transients during the initial system energisation maybe avoided. In addition, the study shows that variations in the system frequency may cause voltage problems in a weak system during restoration since the system reactance is dependent on the system frequency. Thus, large frequency variations and the unstable operation regions of turbine governors should be avoided during the restoration.
Analogue feed‐forward carrier recovery for millimetre‐wave broadband wireless links
Authors: Harati Parisa , Kallfass Ingmar
Published: January 2020

An analogue modulation‐type independent feed‐forward carrier recovery approach for broadband wireless communication systems is introduced in this work. The focus is on the deliberately increased local oscillator (LO) signal feed‐through to the radio frequency (RF) port of the up‐converter in a direct conversion transmitter (TX). The strong LO feed‐through is used at the receiver (RX) side to demodulate the RF signal. The heart of the carrier recovery block is a narrowband bandpass filter (BPF) and a frequency divider‐by‐n operated in injection‐locking mode to the strong LO feed‐through. The proposed method is investigated through circuit level simulations; while its feasibility is examined via the successful demodulation of complex data with various modulation types up to 8 Gbps for an E‐band front‐end. This method can be used for transceivers working at high carrier frequencies as far as the realisation of frequency divider circuits and narrowband BPFs is technically feasible.
Design of a microstrip quad‐band bandpass filter with controllable bandwidth and band spacing for multifunctional applications
Authors: Chen Chi‐Feng , Li Jhong‐Jhen , Zhou Kai‐Wei , Chen Ruey‐Yi , Wang Zu‐Cing , He Yi‐Hua
Published: January 2020

A design methodology for a small‐size multifunctional quad‐band bandpass filter (BPF) exhibiting high selectivity is proposed in this study. In this design, the resulting BPF would comprise a dual‐band split‐type BPF, wideband BPF and narrowband BPF, and it can execute narrowband/wideband operation and provide close/wideband spacing. Since each passband can be formed by respective filters, the design methodology has high flexibility in that it can achieve different filter functions and can be compatible with various communication systems. In addition, because of the source–load coupling, four additional transmission zeros could be created over the stopband, thus enhancing the selectivity. A quad‐band BPF operating at 1.45/1.65/4/6 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 6.6/5.8/35/3% was implemented to verify the design methodology. The fabricated BPF was determined to have a compact circuit size of 0.3 λg × 0.44 λg (λg is the guided wavelength at the central frequency of the first passband) and it exhibited an in‐band insertion loss of no more than 2.8 dB. The experimental and simulation results were determined to be in good agreement.
Ultra‐thin metamaterial perfect absorbers for single‐/dual‐/multi‐band microwave applications
Authors: Jain Prince , Singh Arvind K. , Pandey Janmejay K. , Garg Sahil , Bansal Shonak , Agarwal Mayank , Kumar Sanjeev , Sardana Neha , Gupta Neena , Singh Arun K.
Published: January 2020

In this study, the authors present three different metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) namely, T, split‐I (SI) and split‐Jerusalem cross (SJC) with different dimensions and geometrical configurations. The absorption rates of T‐, SI‐ and SJC‐shaped absorbers are studied at microwave frequencies. T‐shaped absorber demonstrates perfect absorption at 10.19 GHz, making it suitable for single band operation, whereas SI‐shaped absorber exhibits two perfect absorption peaks at 9.32 and 10.75 GHz finding its application in dual band operation. However, novel SJC‐shaped absorber demonstrates multiple absorption peaks at 9.92, 10.42, 10.93, 11.75 and 13.25 GHz with absorption of 99.5, 91, 99.9, 91.8 and 99.6%, respectively, making it suitable for X‐ and Ku‐band operations. The proposed MMAs have a thickness of around 0.8 mm (i.e. <λ/37) with respect to the lowest frequency of operation. Furthermore, the absorbers are analysed for different angles of polarisation and incidence for transverse electric polarised wave with a step size of 15°. The proposed absorbers have been fabricated and experimentally demonstrated at X‐band verifying the results obtained from simulations and implementing an equivalent circuit method. Further, SJC‐shaped absorber is demonstrated for multi‐and wide‐band terahertz applications exhibiting four perfect absorption peaks at 2.76, 2.89, 3.02 and 3.31 THz.
Single and multiple switch fault‐tolerance capabilities in a hybrid five‐level inverter topology
Authors: Nistane Tushar Janarao , Sahu Lalit Kumar , Jalhotra Manik , Gautam Shivam Prakash
Published: January 2020

The redundancy in switching states to generate different voltage levels is of great importance to incorporate fault‐tolerant features in multilevel inverters. However, this redundancy comes at the expense of high device count, which is paralleled with vulnerable characteristics of semiconductor devices, resulting in low reliability. About this concern, the present study introduces a novel fault‐tolerant topology to generate the five‐level output voltage. The proposed topology can tolerate open‐circuit failure, for single and multiple switches with the help of novel redundant leg architecture and short‐circuit condition is dealt with the fast fuses. The comparative study with recent literature is discussed, which reveals the superiority of the proposed topology, in terms of qualitative as well as quantitative parameters. Switching strategies are proposed under different single and multiple switch fault cases, which achieves self‐balancing of capacitor voltage. Thus, no complex control scheme is required. The simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink, and the feasibility of the proposed topology is validated using experimental results.
Reliability and economic feasibility analysis of parallel unity power factor rectifier for wind turbine system
Authors: Khan Md Shafquat Ullah , Maswood Ali I. , Tariq Mohd , Dehghani Tafti Hossein , Tripathi Anshuman
Published: January 2020

High power rated modern wind generators are demanding immaculate performance and greater reliability from the power electronics interface. In order to keep up to the challenges, advanced multilevel front‐end rectifiers and parallel operation of rectifiers are researched. A higher number of semiconductor switches make reliability estimation and feasibility of converters a factor of industrial interrogation. This study focuses on the operation, reliability, and economic feasibility analysis of a parallel unity power factor rectifier (PUPFR). Each branch of the PUPFR has a three‐phase diode rectifier and each phase of which is equipped with bidirectional switching blocks. Suitability of uninterrupted operation with lower down‐time for instances of one branch failure, the system discussed provides higher feasibility, reliability, and options of modularity. The reliability is assessed by quantifying the failure rate of each component of the converter topology. The feasibility analysis of the PUPFR focuses on quantitative evaluation based on component pricing for initial cost, maintenance, power‐loss calculation, operational cost, and capacity factor. The PUPFR is comparatively assessed with respect to its single branch topology, i.e. the unity power factor rectifier. Both the topologies are simulated in MATLAB®/Simulink and the system is experimentally validated on a 1 kW hardware setup.
Droop characteristics based damping and inertia emulation of DC link in a hybrid microgrid
Authors: Nakka Pruthvi Chaithanya , Mishra Mahesh Kumar
Published: January 2020

In this study, a proportionate power sharing among the parallel inverters operating in an islanded microgrid is achieved using droop and virtual inductance control. The same droop coefficients are used to achieve the frequency regulation as well. The frequency changes which are inevitable in droop control are measured and used to emulate the behaviour of damping and inertia to the DC link voltage using hybrid energy storage system consisting of battery and supercapacitor units. The proposed DC link voltage regulator restores the DC link voltage quickly by providing power corresponding to the rate of change of frequency and frequency deviation. This reduces the impact of voltage variations on the DC‐load and keeps modulation index within the linear range for voltage source inverter. The design aspects of DC link voltage regulator, damping and inertia constants, selection of battery and supercapacitor units based on rating of the DC link voltage are discussed. The proposed decentralised droop control and DC link voltage restoration methods are validated through detailed simulation and experimental studies.
Decentralised coordination control strategy of the PV generator, storage battery and hydrogen production unit in islanded AC microgrid
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wei Wei
Published: January 2020

The fluctuation and intermittence of the distributed renewable energy sources (RESs) limit the connection to the main grid and cause large‐scale power curtailment. This issue can be addressed by the application of a hydrogen production unit (HPU), which is compatible with the disadvantages of RESs and can achieve large‐capacity and long‐term absorption of the electric energy. A decentralised coordination control strategy among the generation, storage and HPU are proposed in the photovoltaic (PV) dominated islanded AC microgrid. Firstly, the energy conversion efficiency from electric energy to hydrogen energy of HPU is derived, based on which the efficiency adaptive control is proposed to regulate its power consumption by adjusting the efficiency reference according to the bus frequency. Secondly, the state of charge and the instantaneous power of the storage are considered in the control strategy, which can avoid the storage being overused or damaged. Thirdly, the control strategy of the PV generator is designed to adaptively regulate its output power from maximum power point tracking mode to the reference power point mode seamlessly. Finally, the stability of the whole control strategy is analysed and the control effectiveness is verified based on the RTLAB experiment platform.
Illustration of demand response supported co‐ordinated system performance evaluation of YSGA optimized dual stage PIFOD‐(1 + PI) controller employed with wind‐tidal‐biodiesel based independent two‐area interconnected microgrid system
Authors: Latif Abdul , Chandra Das Dulal , Kumar Barik Amar , Ranjan Sudhanshu
Published: January 2020

This study proposes an earliest approach toward coordinated frequency stabilisation of wind turbine driven generator‐tidal power generation‐biodiesel driven generator‐micro‐turbine generator‐based islanded two‐area interconnected microgrid system with demand response support (DRS) mechanism. A recent bio‐inspired optimisation technique, named yellow saddle goatfish algorithm (YSGA) is employed to optimally tune the controller gains. The comparative dynamic performance of conventional proportional–integral–derivative (CPID), fractional order (FO) PID, dual‐stage PIFOD‐one plus PI [PIFOD‐(1 + PI)] controllers’ parameters optimised by several algorithmic tools such as particle swarm optimisation, firefly algorithmic tool, salp swarm technique and YSGA clearly designates the superiority of YSGA‐PIFOD‐(1 + PI) controller under different scenarios (considering the real‐time recorded wind and load data) in terms of change in frequency, tie‐line power fluctuation and objective function. Furthermore, the impact of the DRS mechanism in both areas is analysed first time under real‐time wind and load disturbances. Finally, the rigorous sensitivity analysis of YSGA‐optimised PIFOD‐(1 + PI) controller has been conducted with the variation of wind turbine driven generator gain, ±30% change in synchronising tie‐line factor, frequency bias value, microgrid system time constant and  + 30% change in loading magnitude without retuning the optimal base condition values.
Multi‐objective heuristic guide vane closure scheme optimisation of hydroturbine generating unit
Authors: Chen Qijuan , Zhang Haiku , Zheng Yang , Jiang Wen , Wang Weiyu , You Shihao
Published: January 2020

Guide vane closure scheme (GVCS) optimisation in hydroturbine generating unit (HTGU) under extreme conditions is one of the most important issues in hydropower plant design and operation. It is a kind of multiobjective constrained optimisation problem that contains the coordination of hydraulic and mechanical dynamic processes of many system states. In such a problem, the traditional optimisation objectives often include the control of the rotational speed of the HTGU and the suppression of the fluctuation amplitudes of the hydraulic pressure at different locations. In order to improve the overall control performances in load rejection process, an improved multi‐objective two‐archive evolutionary algorithm (TAEA) is put forward for GVCS with chaotic operators. The TAEA‐based multi‐objective optimisation carefully takes the multiple objective functions and the relevant constraint treatments including the limits on rotational speed peak, speed fluctuations, surge tank water levels, speed governor movement and hydraulic pressure oscillations into consideration. Simulation experiments of a real hydroturbine unit under load rejection condition are conducted with the proposed optimisation scheme and comparative methods. The results indicate that TAEA algorithm can achieve better overall performances and contribute to the operational stability of HTGU.
Energy pricing and demand scheduling in retail market: how microgrids’ integration affects the market
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Akrami Alireza , Doostizadeh Meysam , Aminifar Farrokh
Published: January 2020

This study proposes a single‐leader‐multi follower game to model a bilevel retail market among an aggregator and multiple microgrids to determine the optimal demand scheduling of the consumer, as well as price‐power bidding strategies of microgrids in an interactive scheme. In the lower level, microgrids which include several distributed energy resources and energy storage units, compete with each other and offer the optimal energy‐price bids such that their individual profit is maximised, while energy dispatch among their energy resources is also determined. Then, in the upper‐level problem, the aggregator leads the competition taking advantages of demand‐side management including interruptible and shiftable loads to minimise its energy payment for real‐time pricing of generation units. By means of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality condition, the bilevel optimisation of Stackelberg game is reduced to a single‐level mixed‐integer linear programming problem. Moreover, impact of microgrids’ integration on the retail market clearance mechanism, as well as required incentives for such integration has been discussed in a separate scenario.
Corona-Australis DANCe
Authors: Galli P. A. B. , Bouy H. , Olivares J. , Miret-Roig N. , Sarro L. M. , Barrado D. , Berihuete A. , Brandner W.
Published: January 2020

Context. Corona-Australis is one of the nearest regions to the Sun with recent and ongoing star formation, but the current picture of its stellar (and substellar) content is not complete yet.

Aims. We take advantage of the second data release of the Gaia space mission to revisit the stellar census and search for additional members of the young stellar association in Corona-Australis.

Methods. We applied a probabilistic method to infer membership probabilities based on a multidimensional astrometric and photometric data set over a field of 128 deg2 around the dark clouds of the region.

Results. We identify 313 high-probability candidate members to the Corona-Australis association, 262 of which had never been reported as members before. Our sample of members covers the magnitude range between G ≳ 5 mag and G ≲ 20 mag, and it reveals the existence of two kinematically and spatially distinct subgroups. There is a distributed “off-cloud” population of stars located in the north of the dark clouds that is twice as numerous as the historically known “on-cloud” population that is concentrated around the densest cores. By comparing the location of the stars in the HR-diagram with evolutionary models, we show that these two populations are younger than 10 Myr. Based on their infrared excess emission, we identify 28 Class II and 215 Class III stars among the sources with available infrared photometry, and we conclude that the frequency of Class II stars (i.e. “disc-bearing” stars) in the on-cloud region is twice as large as compared to the off-cloud population. The distance derived for the Corona-Australis region based on this updated census is d = 149.4 +0.4−0.4 pc, which exceeds previous estimates by about 20 pc.

Conclusions. In this paper we provide the most complete census of stars in Corona-Australis available to date that can be confirmed with Gaia data. Furthermore, we report on the discovery of an extended and more evolved population of young stars beyond the region of the dark clouds, which was extensively surveyed in the past.
LOFAR view of NGC 3998, a sputtering AGN
Authors: Sridhar Sarrvesh S. , Morganti Raffaella , Nyland Kristina , Frank Bradley S. , Harwood Jeremy , Oosterloo Tom
Published: January 2020

Low-power radio sources dominate the radio sky. They tend to be small in size and dominated by their cores, but the origin of their properties and the evolution of their radio plasma are not well constrained. Interestingly, there is mounting evidence that low-power radio sources can significantly affect their surrounding gaseous medium and may therefore be more relevant for galaxy evolution than previously thought. In this paper, we present low radio frequency observations obtained with LOFAR at 147 MHz of the radio source hosted by NGC 3998. This is a rare example of a low-power source that is extremely dominated by its core, but that has two large-scale lobes of low surface brightness. We combine the new 147 MHz image with available 1400 MHz data to derive the spectral index over the source. Despite the low surface brightness, reminiscent of remnant structures, the lobes show an optically thin synchrotron spectral index (∼0.6). We interpret this as being due to rapid decollimation of the jets close to the core, to high turbulence of the plasma flow, and to entrainment of thermal gas. This could be the result of intermittent activity of the central active galactic nucleus, or, more likely, temporary disruption of the jet due to the interaction of the jet with the rich circumnuclear interstellar matter. Both would result in sputtering energy injection from the core, which would keep the lobes fed, albeit at a low rate. We discuss these results in connection with the properties of low-power radio sources in general. Our findings show that amorphous low surface brightness lobes should not be interpreted by default as remnant structures. Large deep surveys (in particular the LOFAR 150 MHz LoTSS and the recently started 1400 MHz Apertif survey) will identify a growing number of objects similar to NGC 3998 where these ideas can be further tested.
Nonsingular recursion formulas for third-body perturbations in mean vectorial elements
Authors: Lara M. , Rosengren A. J. , Fantino E.
Published: January 2020

The description of the long-term dynamics of highly elliptic orbits under third-body perturbations may require an expansion of the disturbing function in series of the semi-major axes ratio up to higher orders. To avoid dealing with long series in trigonometric functions, we refer the motion to the apsidal frame and efficiently remove the short-period effects of this expansion in vectorial form up to an arbitrary order. We then provide the variation equations of the two fundamental vectors of the Keplerian motion by analogous vectorial recurrences, which are free from singularities and take a compact form useful for the numerical propagation of the flow in mean elements.
A detailed non-LTE analysis of LB-1: Revised parameters and surface abundances
Authors: Simón-Díaz S. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Lennon D. J. , González Hernández J. I. , Allende Prieto C. , Castro N. , de Burgos A. , Dufton P. L. , Herrero A. , Toledo-Padrón B. , Smartt S. J.
Published: January 2020

Context. It has recently been proposed that LB-1 is a binary system at 4 kpc consisting of a B-type star of 8 M⊙ and a massive stellar black hole (BH) of 70 M⊙. This finding challenges our current theories of massive star evolution and formation of BHs at solar metallicity.

Aims. Our objective is to derive the effective temperature, surface gravity, and chemical composition of the B-type component in order to determine its nature and evolutionary status and, indirectly, to constrain the mass of the BH.

Methods. We use the non-LTE stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND to analyze new and archival high-resolution data.

Results. We determine (Teff, log g) values of (14 000 ± 500 K, 3.50 ± 0.15 dex) that, combined with the Gaia parallax, imply a spectroscopic mass, from log g, of 3.2+2.1−1.9 M⊙ and an evolutionary mass, assuming single star evolution, of 5.2+0.3−0.6 M⊙. We determine an upper limit of 8 km s−1 for the projected rotational velocity and derive the surface abundances; we find the star to have a silicon abundance below solar, and to be significantly enhanced in nitrogen and iron and depleted in carbon and magnesium. Complementary evidence derived from a photometric extinction analysis and Gaia yields similar results for Teff and log g and a consistent distance around 2 kpc.

Conclusions. We propose that the B-type star is a slightly evolved main sequence star of 3–5 M⊙ with surface abundances reminiscent of diffusion in late B/A chemically peculiar stars with low rotational velocities. There is also evidence for CN-processed material in its atmosphere. These conclusions rely critically on the distance inferred from the Gaia parallax. The goodness of fit of the Gaia astrometry also favors a high-inclination orbit. If the orbit is edge-on and the B-type star has a mass of 3–5 M⊙, the mass of the dark companion would be 4–5 M⊙, which would be easier to explain with our current stellar evolutionary models.
Optimization in collaborative information systems for an enhanced interoperability network
Authors: Koulou Aicha , Zemzami Maria , El Hami Norelislam , Elmir Abir , Hmina Nabil
Published: January 2020

Today's constraints on collaborative enterprises are often directly reflected in the interoperability of their information systems. The goal is to improve and effectively evolve the global interoperability of collaboration by distributing the required effort in an optimal way on different information systems to achieve the target goal. This method of enhancement will be realized by applying an IMA (Interoperability Measurement Approach) to generate a ratio representing the degree of interoperability of an information system within the collaboration, as well as applying the heuristic optimization method PPSO (Paralleled Particle Swarm Optimization) to reach the optimal distribution of effort.
Principles of plastic surgery revisited
Authors: Rana R. E. , Puri V. A. , Baliarsing A. S.
Published: January 2020

Since the first five basic principles of Plastic Surgery were stated by Ambroise Pare in 1564, and revised to thirty-three by Millard in 1986, the importance and application of these principles has not changed, although their application may vary from patient to patient. The very fact that these principles are applicable even today indicates the depth of understanding and foresightedness of those who formulated these principles. In spite of newer developments in plastic surgery, these principles have stood the test of time and have proved useful even today. This article discusses these principles and elucidates their relevance in the context of the practice of current plastic surgery.
Correlation of renal complications with extent and progression of tissue damage in electrical burns
Authors: Chauhan D. C. , Chari P. S. , Khuller G. K. , Singh Dalbir
Published: January 2020

Electrical injuries due to high-tension voltage (>1000 volts) cause destruction at the point of contact with massive necrosis of deeper structures such as muscles, vessels and nerves. Rhabdomyolysis due to massive breakdown of skeletal muscles may lead to acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria. The study was undertaken to observe the correlation of renal complications with extent and progression of tissue damage in high-tension voltage electrical burns. Renal biochemical parameters as predictors of acute renal failure were also studied. Thirty two patients of high tension voltage electrical burn injuries presenting during one year period 1-1-2001 to 31-12-2001 were studied. Low-tension voltage electrical injuries (< 1000 volts) mimic thermal burns were excluded from the study. The electrical wound assessment and the renal biochemical parameters were done daily for the first seven days and then on alternate days for another seven days. Assessment of progression of wounds and correlation with the renal biochemical parameters was done. Patients who died following electrical burns were subjected to autopsy and histopathological examination of both kidneys. Out of the thirty-two patients, six (18.75%) went into acute renal failure. Five out of these six patients died because of renal failure (mortality rate 83.33%). There was definite progression of electric burn wounds. There was no correlation between progression of electrical burn wounds and acute renal failure. Serum creatinine was found to be the most important biochemical parameter as a prognostic indicator of acute renal failure.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of face following naso-orbital mycosis
Authors: Deshpande S N , Bhat S , Sharma R , Singh S , Fernandes J
Published: January 2020

Sino-nasal mycosis is a known complication in patients with immunological or metabolic compromise. Mainstay of treatment includes reversal of the compromised state, systemic antifungals and repeated radical debridements assisted by serial imaging. Salvage is possible provided no cerebral extension exists on presentation. The resultant deformity following debidement causes gross morbidity and psycho-social embarrassment. Surgical reconstruction is difficult on account of co-morbid diseases. Non-surgical prosthetic rehabilitation gives fairly accurate correction in these patients. We report a case of a 48 yrs. male diabetic with sino-orbital mycosis where debridement resulted in a gross morbid defect. However effective rehabilitation was achieved using three piece maxillo-facial prosthesis.
Liposuction
Authors: Dhami Lakshyajit D.
Published: January 2020

Advent of the tumescent technique in 1987 has allowed for safe contouring in ambulatory single session liposuction under regional or general anaesthesia. Safety and aesthetic issues define MegaLiposuction to be in Volume in litres of more than 10% of Body weight in Kgs. 870 cases of liposuction were performed between September 2000 and August 2008. In (65%) cases, the total volume of aspirate was greater then 5 liters. (Range: 5 to 25 liters). In 24% cases, the large volume liposuction was combined with a limited or a total block lipectomy. Regional anaesthesia with conscious sedation was preferred except where liposuction was for above the subcostal region (the Upper Trunk, Lateral Chest, Back, Gynaecomastia, Breast, Arms and Face) or when the patient so desired. Tumescent infiltration with Lactated ringer, adrenalin, triamcinalone and hyalase was made in all cases. This approach has clinically shown less tissue edema in the post operative period than when the conventional physiological saline was being used in place of Ringer Lactate. The amount injected varied from 1,000 ml to 12,500 ml depending on the size, site and area. Local anesthetic was included only to the terminal portion of the tumescent mixture while infiltrating the sub-costal regions, or when above costal region was combined with below costal region being anaesthetized with Spinal Anaesthesia. The aspirate was restricted to the unstained white / yellow fat and the amount of fat aspirated did not have any bearing to the amount of solution infiltrated. There was no major complication. Blood transfusion was given only on one occasion when the patient had been on aspirin and had also received Low Molecular weight Heparin intra-operative. The hospital stay ranged from 8 to 24 hours for liposuction as well as for liposuction with a lipectomy. Serous discharge from access sites, sero-sanguinous fluid accumulation requiring drainage were necessitated in less than 10% cases. Minor re-contouring touch ups were requested in 5% cases. Early ambulation was encouraged for mobilization of third space fluid shifts to expedite recovery and to prevent deep vein thrombosis. More than 10% patients were operated on for Liposuction of other areas, after a gap of 7 days to 6 months. Meticulous perioperative monitoring of systemic functions ensures safety in tumescent megaliposuction for the obese and rewarding results can be achieved in a single sitting.
Selective excitation and enhancement of multipolar resonances in dielectric nanospheres using cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Manna Uttam , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Eggena Daniel , Coe Brighton , Wang Ren , Biswas Mahua , Fujii Minoru
Published: January 2020

Resonant excitation and manipulation of complex interactions among two or more resonances in high-index dielectric nanostructures provide great opportunities for engineering novel optical phenomena and applications. However, difficulties often arise when interpreting the observed spectra because of the overlap of the broad resonances contributed by many factors such as particle size, shape, and background index. Therefore, selective excitation of resonances that spectrally overlap with each other provides a gateway towards an improved understanding of the complex interactions. Here, we demonstrate selective excitation and enhancement of multipolar resonances of silicon nanospheres using cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) with different diameters of nanospheres and numerical apertures (NAs) of the excitations. By combining single particle spectroscopy and electrodynamic simulations, we show that the radially polarized beam can selectively excite the electric multipoles, whereas the azimuthally polarized beam can selectively excite the magnetic multipoles even though multipolar resonances are convoluted together due to their spectral overlap. Moreover, focusing the CVBs with high NA can lead to a dominant longitudinal polarization of the electric or magnetic field. We show that the enhanced longitudinal polarization with increasing NA of the radially and azimuthally polarized beams can selectively enhance the electric and magnetic multipolar resonances, respectively. Our approach can be used as a spectroscopy tool to enhance and identify multipolar resonances leading to a better understanding of light-matter interactions in other dielectric nanostructures as well as serve as a first step toward excitation of dark mode and Fano resonances in dielectric oligomers by breaking the symmetry of the nanostructures.
Distribution, abundance and threats to bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus)
Authors: Thorley Rowan K. , Old Julie M.
Published: January 2020

Wombats are large marsupial grazers native to Australia. They are ‘ecosystem engineers’ due to their burrowing, impacting rates of soil turnover, assisting with nutrient cycling and water infiltration, and creating habitat for other species. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of available information on the habitat and distribution, abundance and threats to bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus), and to provide a critical review of the current gaps in our knowledge to aid future management of the species. Bare-nosed wombats were previously widespread. Since European settlement their range has reduced. While habitat loss and contraction impact population numbers, bare-nosed wombat populations are also threatened by roadkill, introduced species, legal and illegal human persecution, and disease. Further research is required to understand the historic range of bare-nosed wombats, as well as current population numbers, so that we can determine the threats that most significantly impact this species. Increasing our understanding of habitat requirements, distribution and population numbers, as well as how to mitigate threats, will aid future management and conservation strategies for the species.
Mechanistic understanding of iron toxicity tolerance in contrasting rice varieties from Africa: 2. Root oxidation ability and oxidative stress control
Authors: Onyango Dorothy A. , Entila Fredrickson , Egdane James , Pacleb Myrish , Katimbang Meggy Lou , Dida Mathew M. , Ismail Abdelbagi M. , Drame Khady N.
Published: January 2020

To enhance breeding efficiency for iron (Fe) toxicity tolerance and boost lowland rice production in sub-Saharan Africa, we have characterised the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of contrasting rice varieties to excess iron. Here, we report the capacity of four varieties (CK801 and Suakoko8 (tolerant), Supa and IR64 (sensitive)) to oxidise iron in the rhizosphere and control iron-induced oxidative stress. The experiments were conducted in hydroponic conditions using modified Magnavaca nutrient solution and 300 ppm of ferrous iron (Fe2+) supplied in the form of FeSO4. Severe oxidative stress was observed in sensitive varieties as revealed by their high levels of lipid peroxidation. Histochemical and biochemical analyses showed that tolerant varieties exhibited a better development of the aerenchyma and greater oxygen release than the sensitive varieties in response to excess Fe. Both suberin and lignin deposits were observed in the root, stem and leaf tissues but with varying intensities depending on the variety. Under iron toxic conditions, tolerant varieties displayed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in both the roots and shoots, whereas sensitive varieties showed increased APX and catalase (CAT) activities in the roots. This study had revealed also that Suakoko8 mainly uses root oxidation to exclude Fe2+ from its rhizosphere, and CK801 possesses a strong reactive oxygen species scavenging system, in addition to root oxidation ability. Key traits associated with these tolerance mechanisms such as a well-developed aerenchyma, radial oxygen loss restricted to the root cap as well as strong activation of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, GR, POX and APX) could be useful selection criteria in rice varietal improvement programs for enhanced Fe toxicity tolerance.
Likelihood and frequency of recurrent fire ignitions in highly urbanised Mediterranean landscapes
Authors: Elia Mario , Giannico Vincenzo , Spano Giuseppina , Lafortezza Raffaele , Sanesi Giovanni
Published: January 2020

Fire recurrence plays a key role in shaping landscapes in Mediterranean ecosystems. Short-term recurrent fires, in particular, are increasingly affecting highly urbanised landscapes. Studies worldwide have addressed fire recurrence by analysing environmental, climatic and human-driven factors. Current models use fire recurrence polygons as the dependent variable; yet no published study has focused its analysis on fire recurrence considering recurrent ignition points as the response variable. To fill this gap, remote sensing and available local data were combined to analyse the influence of human and biophysical variables in predicting both the likelihood and frequency of recurrent fire ignition points over a 9-year period (2004–12) in southern Italy. For this purpose, we used the Negative Binomial Hurdle model owing to the stochastic nature of the phenomenon of fire recurrence and the (large) number of non-occurrences. Results on the likelihood and frequency of recurrent fire ignition points (dependent variables) suggested that road distance was the strongest predictor, followed by the presence of shrublands and grasslands. The response variable showed a negative relationship with population density and road distance and a positive relationship with land-cover variables. Vegetation indices were also good predictors of fire recurrence. More broadly, this study is intended to be a further experimental step in fire-management analysis characterised by the continuous interaction between human and natural systems. Constant changes between these systems due to causes such as urban sprawl and climate change can create the conditions for short-term-interval recurrent fires.
Preference organization in PRC criminal trial interaction
Authors: Carter Liz
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes resistance in the preference organization of criminal trial interaction from a conversation analytic perspective, with examples taken from an 11-hour video corpus of 20 PRC (People’s Republic of China) criminal trials from 2016–2018. Defendants’ dispreferred responses to judges’ questions are then analyzed to determine how resistance is constructed and handled by judges. Defendants are found to construct resistance implicitly and orient to out-of-courtroom stance, objects and topics, while judges respond by reorienting to broader legal matters of guilt and in-court actions. Previous research on PRC criminal trials has focused mainly on questions and turn formulation by judges and procurators (Liao, 2003,2012;Gao, 2003;Zhang and Jin, 2004;Meng, 2009); this study complements existing research by analyzing defendants’ speech in its interactional context.
“不会 VP 吧”在互动会话中的求证行为和反期待推测
Authors: Li Shushu , Lim Ni-Eng
Published: January 2020

本研究采用会话分析和互动语言学的研究方法和视角，对自然口语会话中“不会 VP 吧”这一构式的互动功能进行了微观分析。分析结果显示，“不会 VP 吧”常出现于某种特有的会话序列环境（interactional sequence），即是说话人利用“不会 VP 吧”的求证功能来证实自己的一种推测。然而，由于这种推测违反了社会常规（social norm），所以又是不符合说话人本身期待值（expectation）的。因此，可以说“不会 VP 吧”亦表达了一种针对 VP  的“反期待”（against expectation）的评价立场（evaluative stance）。由于“不会 VP 吧”有驱动受话人对 VP 事态加以证实（或证伪）的功能，因此 “不会 VP 吧”也具有发起修补（initiate repair），推动会话进程（progressivity）的作用。以往疑问句研究（如“不会 VP 吧”）非常重视区分各类问句的疑信程度，然而从互动会话的角度观察，就“不会 VP 吧”而言，说话人的疑信倾向并不对会话过程造成影响，因为受话人的回应语所针对的是 VP 部分，而非说话人的疑信倾向。
普通话口语中非典型的“一个”
Authors: Liu Yaqiong
Published: January 2020

本文考察普通话口语中不能用五种经典用法解释的“一个”用法，本文称之为非典型的“一个”。这些“一个”在话语中的分布和用法，呈现出一定的规律性。它倾向于用在有准备的、一人主导性的谈话中。说话人使用“一个+后续成分”的形式，可以实现多个话语功能：思索找词、削弱定指性、凸显指称化等。其中，后两项功能在语料中出现频率较高，这也与“一个”所在小句的分布以及汉语不能以屈折变化实现动名转换有关。
A study of repeat-formatted repair initiations in Mandarin Chinese conversation
Authors: Quan Lihong , Ma Jinlong
Published: January 2020

Using the methodology of Conversation Analysis (or CA), this study examines three types of other-initiated repair initiators (henceforth OIs) that repeats some element in the trouble-source (henceforth repeats) in Chinese conversation: repeats suffixed with question particlesma(吗), repeats suffixed with question particlesa(啊), and question-intonated repeats. It attempts to explore the differences between these typical formats, in terms of their forms/functions and the epistemic stance of the speaker who initiates repair. The main research findings indicate that question-intonated repeat implements an understanding check while repeat suffixed with question particles (maora) tends to serve different functions, in that,ma-suffixed repeat is inquiry-implicated whilea-suffixed repeat contributes to constructing surprise, (dis)agreement or (dis)belief.
Talk and gesture in storytelling sequences in Mandarin conversation
Authors: Peng Xin , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2020

This study examines the coordination of talk and gesture in storytelling. The focus is on the different ways iconic gestures may contribute to the organization of TCUs and Turns in an on-going story. It is found that brief gestures produced within single TCUs may make visible situated meanings of deictic expressions, or may even stand in the place of a syntactic slot in constructing a multimodal TCU. Either way, what is depicted through the gestural modality is crucial in bringing out the meaning of a story scene or the high point of a telling. It is also found that gestures may continue across multiple TCUs. Such coordination of verbal and gestural modalities serves to make visible the organization of narration and re-enactment in telling sequences. Recurrent gesture patterns may also coordinate with recurrent narrative patterns in organizing sequenced multiple story events.
Trumping Twitter
Authors: Scotto di Carlo Giuseppina
Published: January 2020

The present paper is part of an overview of the discursive manifestations of the U.S. President Trump’s sexist
attitudes and practices. Drawing upon Mills’ model of sexism (2008) and Van Dijk’s
socio-cognitive framework (2006), the study will analyse a corpus of all the negative
Tweets against women tweeted by President Trump since the beginning of his 2016 campaign (July 2015) to February 2019. The study sheds a light on how President Trump’s vocabulary perpetuates a male-centric hierarchy. Considering
the outcome of the 2016 elections, it can be said that his ideology has had a significant impact, particularly amongst his
supporters. His political ascendency speaks to how these ideological beliefs risk to become dangerously ingrained in language and
society.
Why do politicians cite others in political debates?
Authors: Shibata Masaki
Published: January 2020

Politicians often quote opponents in political debates so as to highlight contradictions between the opponents’
prior statements and their current political actions, thus construing their political character negatively. From a dialogic
perspective, reported speech, alternatively termed “extra-vocalisation”, can be defined as a tool used by speakers to deny
alternative points of view and justify their own positions, while simultaneously positioning the audience in agreement with the
speaker’s own views. Drawing on this notion of extra-vocalisation, the current study analyses a Japanese political debate to show
how politicians use different types of voice to validate their own political ideologies and devalue opposing views. In doing so,
the study also identifies the relevant linguistic resources of Japanese in order to show how dialogic positioning via
extra-vocalisation is manifested in Japanese, and highlight the fact each language provides its own resources to convey such
meanings.
Wrestling between English and Pinyin
Authors: Shang Guowen
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the code choice and contestations on street name signs in China to find out the dynamics of
language politics and the language ideological debates. In China, Hanyu Pinyin and English compete for visibility on street signs,
though only Pinyin is the legally-endorsed alphabetic form for place names. Spolsky’s (2004, 2009) tripartite language policy model is adopted to analyse the
management, practice and ideologies regarding the code choice on street name signs in Chinese cities. It shows that Pinyin has been
promulgated as domestic standard fused with national interests in the official discourse, while English win the favour of the
general public and some international-oriented cities due to its pragmatic value and the symbolic capital associated with it. The
resilient approach taken by the top authority suggests that the traditional model of language management relying on political
authority and ideological hegemony is hard to work its way out nowadays.
Clinton stated, Trump exclaimed!
Authors: McDonnell Andrea
Published: January 2020

This study examines tweets posted by candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the weeks preceding the 2016
presidential debates in an effort to assess the ways in which the candidates’ language use either conformed to or refuted gender
stereotypes. Analysis of 490 tweets (724 sentences) suggests that both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton used language in ways that
were gender counterstereotypic. Clinton’s tweets contained a significantly greater number of statements and directives, suggesting
that the candidate adopted a more masculine linguistic style, but also a greater number of cooperative words, which are
stereotypically associated with feminine speech. Trump’s tweets contained a significantly greater number of exclamations, but
fewer statements and directives than Clinton, thus defying masculine linguistic stereotypes. The implications of these findings on
candidates’ political self-presentation are discussed.
Constructing women’s “different voice”
Authors: Cameron Deborah , Shaw Sylvia
Published: January 2020

Since the 1990s, media commentators in the UK and elsewhere have praised women for introducing a “visibly
different style of politics”, one symbol of which is the alleged preference of female politicians for a less adversarial and more
co-operative style of political speech. Drawing on an analysis of the 2015 UK General Election campaign, we argue that this notion
of women’s “different voice” has become increasingly central to the media’s construction of prominent female politicians as public
figures, despite the evidence that it does not reflect any clear-cut pattern of differentiation between male and female political
speakers of equivalent status and experience. Though it may seem to be an advance on previous negative representations of female
politicians, we suggest that it reproduces – albeit in a “modernized” form – the long-established tendency of the media to
evaluate women in relation to gendered norms and expectations, while men are judged as individuals.