bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews
Authors: Woodhouse A.S.P. , McRae R.F. , Blissett William , Boeschenstein H. , Wilson H.S. , Grant Douglas
Published: March 2013

J. Milton French, ed., The Life Records of John Milton, reviewed by A.S.P. Woodhouse

A.A. Luce and T.E. Jessop, eds., The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, reviewed by R.F. McRae

W.H. Auden and Norman Holmes Pearson, eds., Poets of the English Language, reviewed by William Blissett

Karl Vietor, Goethe the Poet, reviewed by H. Boeschenstein

Karl Vietor, Goethe the Thinker, reviewed by H. Boeschenstein

Albert Schweitzer, Goethe, reviewed by H. Boeschenstein

Morris Palmer Tilley, A Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, reviewed by H.S. Wilson

D.G. James, The English Augustans: The Life of Reason; Hobbes, Locke, Bolingbroke, reviewed by Kenneth MacLean

Ruth Massey Tovell, Flemish Artists of the Valois Courts, reviewed by Naomi Jackson

Marguerite Roberts, ed., Tess in the Theatre: Two Dramatizations of Tess of the D'Urbervilles, by Thomas Hardy, One by Lorimer Stoddard, reviewed by Melwyn Breen

Thomas A. Bailey, America Faces Russia: Russian-American Relations from Early Times to Our Day, reviewed by Leonid I. Strakhovsky

Osbert Sitwell, Noble Essences, reviewed by Douglas Grant
The Pertinacious Victorian Poets
Authors: Stevenson Lionel
Published: March 2013

The English literature of the Victorian period seems to be emerging at last from the cloud of contempt that has overshadowed it for the past generation. All types of literature endured their share of that disdain, but upon poetry it was heaped without mitigation. Although the writers of expository prose were stigmatized for inconsistency of thinking, for hypocritical morality, for ornate rhetoric, it had to be admitted that they struggled obstinately with many basic problems of the modern world and that their opinions largely determined our contemporary standards and even our political experiments. The novelists were accused of sentimentality, melodrama, prudishness, didacticism, and external characterization; but there was no denying the fact that somehow they had created a multitude of human beings who insisted on inhabiting the reader's memory like living acquaintances, in spite of their reprehensible lack of all Freudian symptoms. The poets, however, incurred the full brunt of all the same indictments, without the qualifying allowances that partially sheltered their prose brethren.
French-Canadian Letters
Authors: Collin W. E.
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian letters published in Canada in 1951.
Leonardo, the Man and the Writer
Authors: Goggio Emilio
Published: March 2013

Leonardo da Vinci, the five-hundredth anniversary of whose birth has recently been celebrated, was one of the most learned and versatile men that ever lived. Indeed, there is hardly a branch of knowledge which he did not seriously pursue and hardly a human attainment in which he did not excel. He was a supreme painter, an accomplished sculptor, architect, and musician, an eminent mathematician, physicist, geologist, anatomist, engineer, botanist, astronomer, and geographer, a profound critic and philosopher, and a distinguished author. He led the way in the method of investigating problems connected with the laws of gravitation, the earth's rotation, the circulation of blood, the undulatory theory of light and heat, the motion of waves, the classification of plants, navigation and canalization, the construction of fortifications, pontoons, bridges, locks, scaling ladders, cannons, and mortars. He conceived the aeroplane and submarine, and he invented, among other things, the camera obscura, the wheel-barrow, paddle wheels, a stone saw, and a rope-making machine.
Areas of Research in Canadian Literature
Authors: Pacey Desmond
Published: March 2013

It is symptomatic of our growing self-confidence that Canadian literature, the very existence of which was seriously debated in academic circles a generation ago, should now be recognized as a legitimate subject of research. Already valuable pioneer work has been done by faculty members and graduate students in several Canadian, and in a few American, universities. Canadian literature remains, however, a very rich and virtually unexploited field. So far, our operations in it may be compared to those of a harvesting machine which merely removes the heads from the grain: we have still to examine the soil in which the seed grew and to investigate the process of growth.
Reviews
Authors: Underhill F.H. , Kirkwood G.M. , Blissett William , Boeschenstein H. , Wilson H.S.
Published: March 2013

Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: Years of Adventure, 1974-1920; The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920-1933; The Great Depression, 1929-1941, reviewed by F.H. Underhill

Mary E. White, Studies in Honour of Gilbert Norwood, reviewed by G.M. Kirkwood

Elizabeth Stevens, The Crooked Corridor: A Study of Henry James, and Douglas Hewitt, Conrad: A Reassessment, reviewed by William Blissett

E.M. Butler, The Fortunes of Faust, reviewed by H. Boeschenstein

Hallett Smith, Elizabethean Poetry: A Study in Conventions, Meaning, and Expression, reviewed by H.S. Wilson

Frederick C. Copleston, Medieval Philosophy, reviewed by L.E.M. Lynch

George Sarton, A History of Science: Ancient Science through the Golden Age of Greece, reviewed by T.A. Goudge

E. Jordan, Essays in Criticism, reviewed by F.E. Sparshott

Joseph A. Schumpeter, Ten Great Economists: From Marx to Keynes, reviewed by V.W. Bladen

John A. Irving, Science and Values: Explorations in Philosophy and the Social Sciences, reviewed by A.H. Johnson
The "Heroes" of Edith Wharton
Authors: Lynskey Winifred
Published: March 2013

Those who admire Edith Wharton's art have always done so with reservations. Her sense of structure, her narrative gifts, her irony, her satiric pictures of a wealthy society, her scornful criticism of American materialism—all these have been evaluated and admired. But readers have never cared for Mrs. Wharton's heroes, for men like Laurence Selden, Ralph Marvell, and Newland Archer, who constitute a conspicuous male type in her novels. These sensitive, high-souled men are singularly bloodless and unappealing. In the New Yorker and also in The Wound and the Bow, Mr. Edmund Wilson has described the defects of the typical Wharton hero: “.. the male type which most conspicuously recurs ... is the cultivated, intelligent man who cannot bear to offend social convention, the reformer who gets bribed without knowing it in marrying a rich wife, the family man who falls in love with someone more exciting than his wife but hasn't the courage of his passion .... It is a phenomenon unfamiliar to Europe, this connoisseur whose culture is sterile, this idealist whose impulses are thwarted, this romantic who cannot act his romance ....”
Some Philosophical Aspects of the Theory of Evolution
Authors: Goudge
Published: March 2013

It will soon be a century since the period of immense intellectual ferment which followed the publication of The Origin of Species. Everyone knows what a profound effect this work had not only on biology, but also on the social sciences, the humanities, and even on theology. Since 1859, “evolution” has been one of the most overworked words in the English language. It has been used (and abused) on divers occasions to apply to almost every sort of entity, from the elementary particles of matter up to and including God. Philosophy, like other disciplines, has been profoundly affected by it, as may be seen in the work of such men as Spencer, Nietzsche, Bergson, Peirce, Dewey, Mead, and Whitehead. The evolutionary doctrines which these philosophers espoused took for granted the Darwinian position, and represented a speculative extension, a modification, or a hostile criticism of its basic tenets. Meanwhile, within the context of biology, the theory of evolution itself continued to evolve, so that today, after nearly a century, it differs in important respects from the theory propounded by Darwin. New developments have “emerged,” and it is therefore appropriate that philosophers should try to come abreast of them and assess their philosophical significance.
Shakespeare and the Lonely Dragon
Authors: Maclure Millar
Published: March 2013

The Renaissance politician was the executive, not the ideologue; the man in politics, not the man of politics. Biography was the popular political breviary, and North's justification of his Plutarch was the voice of one wise in his generation: “All other learning is private, fitter for Universities then cities, fuller of contemplacion than experience, more commendable in the students themselves, than profitable unto others. Whereas stories are fit for every place, reache to all persons, serve for all tymes, teache the living, revive the dead, so farre excelling all other bookes, as it is bctter to see learning in noble mens lives, then to reade it in Philosophers writings.” Theoretical knowledge has its place, but men are not ruled by theories. The best statement of this is to be found in the first book of Utopia, put with perspicuity and a minimum of irony.
A Philosophy Ancient and Modern
Authors: Kirkwood
Published: March 2013

Two works have recently been published which call fresh attention to their author, George Santayana: his third and final volume of autobiography, My Host the World, and a one-volume edition of the early Life of Reason. These round out the picture of his life and mind. Should the intelligent reader have neglected Santayana so far, he might start from either of these volumes and reach into the body of the philosopher's thought. Few authors supply such generous material for the understanding of their message. For his autobiography sets forth the influences which made him what he was; he has produced lyrical poetry that is most revealing; he has written a novel, The Last Puritan, with significant autobiographical elements; and most important, he has at different points in his literary life provided prefaces and introductions to certain books which should furnish short, plain answers to the questions about right and wrong, beauty, and being and reality which recur throughout his work. Most of those who admire this writer are so bewitched by the penetration and sophistication of the writing that they abandon themselves to enjoyment without caring about the puzzles. But Santayana would not have it so. From the first prose volume, The Sense of Beauty (1896), to the last, the revised Life of Reason (1954), he has spoken with the same note—a note of earnest desire to understand the world, and of clear intent to press his understanding home to the reader's mind.
Reviews
Authors: Child Philip , Fisher Peter , Savan David , Maclean Hugh , Johnson  , Blissett William , McRae
Published: March 2013

E. K. Brown, Willa Cather: A Critical Biography, reviewed by Philip Child

Elizabeth Shepley Seargant, Willa Carther, A Memoir, reviewed by Philip Child

C. G. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy, reviewed by Peter F. Fisher

Willard Van Ornam Quine, From a Logical Point of View: 9 Logico-Philosophical Essays, reviewed by David Savan

E. M. Forster, The Hill of Devi: Being Letters from Dewas State Senior, reviewed by Hugh N. Maclean

Lucien Price, Dialogues of Alfred North Whitehead, reviewed by A. H. Johnson

David Jones, The Anathemata: Fragments of an Attempted Writing, reviewed by William Blissett

A. A. Luce and T. E. Jessop, eds., The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, reviewed by R. F. McRae
The Moon and the Fairies in A Midsummer Night's Dream
Authors: Schanzer Ernest
Published: March 2013

This article is mainly concerned with the Moon and the Fairies in A Midsummer Night's Dream, two subjects which, though apparently unconnected, are yet closely related in a number of ways, and are united at one point: in the identification of the Fairy Queen with the Goddess Diana and hence with the Moon. I shall begin with the fairies.
Publications in French
Authors: Colin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of works published in French in Canada in 1954.
The Storm Scene in Paradise Regained: A Reinterpretaion
Authors: Taylor, Jr. Dick
Published: March 2013

Commentators on Paradise Regained have generally considered that Christ's rejection of Satan's offer of learning is the concluding incident in the second temptation; that the coming of night marks the close of the offer of the kingdoms of the world; and that the storm episode which follows either is an interlude between the second and third temptation or is connected with the third temptation on the pinnacle, as a link or prologue. Invariably they interpret this episode as a use of violence by an enraged and despairing Satan to terrorize Christ.
Samson's Middle: Aristotle and Dr. Johnson
Authors: Grenander
Published: March 2013

“All [Milton's] originality,” wrote Professor A. S. P. Woodhouse recently, “—and it is great—is revealed in his adaptation of traditional poetic forms, never in wilful departure from them ....” Yet the student who assumes that Samson Agonistes is a classical tragedy, and attempts to follow the suggestion made by William Riley Parker and F. Michael Krouse that it be studied in the light of Aristotle's Poetics, cracks his head immediately against the stone wall of Samuel Johnson's resounding dictum, that while it has a beginning and an end which Aristotle himself would have approved, Samson has no middle. Since Johnson's time, a host of critics have ranged themselves on one side or the other of the argument concerning Samson's allegedly absent middle. Krouse added to the controversy an illuminating survey of seventeenth-century and earlier conceptions of the biblical story. Parker's special contribution was to measure Milton's play against classical Greek tragedies. Both, however, suggested the possibility of further analysis in terms of the Poetics.
The Meaning and Structure of Pippa Passes
Authors: Glen Margaret
Published: March 2013

Browning's Pippa Passes is in general remembered for two lines, "God's in his heaven," and "All's right with the world," and these two lines are usually quoted out of context. For this there is, perhaps, some excuse, since Pippa Passes presents a problem that is at once a problem of meaning and of structure. The poem is systematically built. It opens with Pippa's monologue in which the delightful little silk-winder of Asolo revels in this, her one free day of the year, and exuberantly pictures herself in the role of each of the town's four “Happiest Ones” in turn. Four major scenes follow, showing us these “Happiest Ones” in actuality, each at a time of crisis. There is Ottima, who has just incited her lover Sebald to the murder of her wealthy old husband, Luca Gaddi. There is the art student Jules, in ectasy over his new bride Phene, as yet unaware that his marriage has been contrived as a spiteful “jest” by unscrupulous fellow-students. There is Luigi, the fiery young Italian patriot, too enthusiastic in his determination to assassinate the Austrian ruler, and his mother, anxious to dissuade him from his scheme, unaware that to stay in Asolo means death. Finally there is the aged bishop, scheming to recover his dead brother's fortune from a cheating Intendant, ignorant that an heiress already exists in Pippa. Linking the major scenes are three short “talks by the way” which present the background intrigue and show us the students plotting against Jules, the police against Luigi, and the Intendant's tools, Bluphocks and the poor girls, against Pippa herself. Throughout these scenes Pippa is never seen, but her passing song causes a radical change in each crisis. In the closing monologue she reviews her day, quite unconscious of her decisive influence.
Ivory Tower
Authors: Finch Robert
Published: March 2013

Few figures in the language of literary criticism have been more widely used and abused than that of the ivory tower. Invented, in its modern sense, over a hundred years ago, it became fashionable in the 1930's, popular in the '40s, and remains both fashionable and popular today. It has, presumably, not once but often passed the lips of any reader of these lines. It has engendered phrases that bid fair to become equally favoured, such as the ivory laboratory in which science segregates itself and the ivory sewer of dirt for art's sake. What is its background?
Garrison State or Concentration Camp?
Authors: Weber Eugene
Published: March 2013

Ages and societies have distinctive marks: the greatness of Egypt is remembered in the pyramids, the aspirations of the Middle Ages soar on in their great cathedrals. Such symbols tell the story of a society, they contain and reflect in a simplified form its aspirations and its implications. By this token, our society seems likely to be remembered by its concentration camps. Really and symbolically, they are the distinctive mark of our new political culture.
George Sand's Thought in 1833
Authors: Reboul Pierre
Published: March 2013

Zola believed he was founding the experimental novel; the author of Lélia experimented with ideas in the novel. Let us remember that writers find the underpinnings (the expression is Stendhal's) of their works as much in literature as in their experience. Quasi cursores lampada tradunt: literature has its own entrenchments against reality.
The Canadian Writers' Conference
Authors: Scott
Published: March 2013

Some of the most valuable qualities of life in Canada are a function of her smallness. Smallness, that is, in number of people, particularly of those in positions of leadership. In every walk of life there are relatively few who count, and these few tend to know one another. Morley Callaghan has written of Canada as a club, whose members arrange matters in a friendly fashion. Scholars meet annually in one place with the learned societies; business, professional men, and trade unionists gather in their national associations. To some extent these meetings bridge the gulf between English and French Canada, though Quebec has her own separate system of oligarchic government. From the interchange among these small groups comes much of the sense of community which exists in Canada despite all the barriers erected by race, religion, language, and geography.
Fragments of a Great Confession
Authors: Butler
Published: March 2013

As far as Heine's Memoirs are concerned this grisly prophecy has been fulfilled; for, a hundred years after his death, it must be presumed that nothing more will ever come to light than the enchanting opening fragment barbarously mutilated by his brother Max. The vicissitudes of the Memoirs during Heine's lifetime and after his death are part of the lamentable tale of his uncle Solomon's callous will and his cousin Carl's ruthlessness. The latter had the whip hand, and used it with so little compunction that he broke the wildly resisting heart of the poet, who burnt large portions of the Memoirs himself and obviously connived at the posthumous suppression of the rest. This was in truth to violate his corpse, and nothing can ever condone the outrage committed upon him or compensate for the irreparable loss to posterity. The extent of what he has suffered and we have missed by the disappearance of the crown of his life's work, the justification and the fulfilment of his whole existence, as Heine declared the Memoirs to be, remains a perennially vexed and burning question.
Sir Constantine Huygens, England, and Holland
Authors: Bachrach
Published: March 2013

Among the untold treasures of the National Gallery, London, there is a small Dutch painting which is not always on show. When it is exhibited, as it is at present, it does not strike anyone as particularly exciting. And this lack of popularity is not really surprising when we glance at it in passing.
L'Auteur malgré lui
Authors: Joliat Eugène
Published: March 2013

Saint-Evremond was one of the most quoted men of his age. The demand for his writiogs, strong during his lifetime, continued for fifty years after his death, during which period there appeared fourteen authentic and pirated editions of his complete works. His views on literature, criticism, history, ethics, and religion, many of them written down iIi exile, were eagerly read by a public which found in them certain ideas too bold to be freely expressed in France.
Hale White and George Eliot
Authors: Stone Wilfred
Published: March 2013

High among the great Victorians who have profited from the investigations of twentieth-century scholars is George Eliot. Thanks largely to the work of Professor Gordon S. Haight, in publishing John Chapman's Diaries for 1851 and 1860 and editing George Eliot's Letters, we have for the first time since the appearance of Cross's Life the materials for a major reassessment of her life and work. Cross, the loving husband and censor, bowdlerized her letters and tailored his comments to show us a deeply moralistic, intellectually over-freighted woman. In leaving this impression he was not, of course, entirely mistaken; but recent scholarship has allowed us a less partial view of her early years, when she was simply Marian Evans and had neither earned nor felt the need of a pseudonym. Although this new light does not quite reveal the intellectual sibyl of the Cross legend emerging as a nymph, it does permit us to see her as a flesh-and-blood woman whose charms were sufficient to attract the passionate devotion of men and to arouse the hostility and jealousy of other women. We are now reminded that she dwelt for many years in the suburbs of Bohemia, and that the fascination she exerted on such men as Dr. Brabant, John Chapman, and Herbert Spencer—as well as Cross and Lewes—was not solely intellectual.
The Grail Poetry of Charles Williams
Authors: Carter
Published: March 2013

Charles Williams, Anglican layman, editor of the Oxford Press and lecturer at Oxford University, was a man of varied talents who illuminated any subject he touched, and whose interests ranged through history, witchcraft, literary criticism, theology, biography and drama. Best known for his extraordinary novels, Williams has not fared so well with his poetry which has been, for the most part, neglected by critics and ignored by the general reading public. This is a pity because among the several books of verse which he published over the years are two slim volumes containing some of the most fascinating poetry written in our time. The volumes of which I write, Taliessin through Logres (1938), and The Region of the Summer Stars (1944), contain his Grail poems, a reworking of the theme of the Holy Grail into a poetic myth of unusual wisdom and contemporary significance. It is a unique handling, a fresh vision, of an old subject-matter which has been almost completely neglected in English literature.
The Dawn in Britain after Fifty Years
Authors: Fairey Barker
Published: March 2013

We sometimes see it stated baldly in cyclopaedias and histories of literature that Charles M. Doughty "also wrote a number of epic poems." This, if true, would be a good reason for not reading him, since, to go by what sure knowledge we have, no poet can write a number of epic poems, epics in the plural, and succeed. He may succeed in writing a single epic and this is what Doughty did. Having published it in his early sixties, he wrote five other shorter poems, three of them in dramatic or semi-dramatic form, two of them in narrative. These are not epics in the English sense of the word, which, according to the Oxford Dictionary, signifies that kind of narrative poetry which celebrates the achievements of some heroic personage of history or tradition. Doughty's epic poem is The Dawn in Britain, which was put out by Duckworth on Edward Garnett's advice fifty years ago, in 1906-7, in six volumes and twenty-four books, four books to a volume. Each of the twenty-four books is in from twelve to fifteen hundred lines, not too many to be read aloud in an evening, which is how the poem should be read. It was reissued by Jonathan Cape in 1943 in one volume.
The Artist and the Rose
Authors: Seward Barbara
Published: March 2013

To even the casual reader of James Joyce it must soon become apparent that the rose is a recurrent symbol in both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. Its central importance in Ulysses as a symbol of Molly Bloom has been adequately demonstrated, and the interrelationship between the Portrait and Ulysses is universally acknowledged. It is therefore surprising that no one has yet seen fit to examine the flower's complex function in the earlier novel. Taking a place beside water and birds as one of the Portrait's leading symbols, the rose plays a far from negligible role in the development of both structure and theme. Roses blossom at crucial stages of Stephen Dedalus's experience in association with three of his principal concerns: women, religion, and art. Since his conceptions of all three are ambivalent and inseparable, the use of a symbol capable of suggesting various levels of conscious and unconscious meaning is essential to the full expression of his emotional state. Beyond this, his emotional state itself is dynamic and fluctuating, so that the rose takes on additional significance in conveying vital changes in attitodes and reactions detemtining Stephen's course on the road to maturity.
An Adventure in Action Research
Authors: Hendry Charles
Published: March 2013

The first session of the Round Table on "The Impact on Human Well-Being of a Rapidly Evolving Industrialization" was held in the Senate Chamber of the University of Toronto on Monday morning, October 22, 1956. In his opening remarks as chairman of this Round Table, Crawford Gordon Jr., President and General Manager of A. V. Roe (Canada) Limited, outlined both the purpose and the plan of the project:
The Needs of Men
Authors: Vickers Sir Geoffery
Published: March 2013

This is a great occasion. Other nations have been driven to forecast their future by threats of imminent disaster; but few have been moved to do so, as you are doing today, by the promise of unexampled prosperity. So I salute the insight of those who have organized this operation and I am indeed grateful to them for giving me the opportunity to take part in it.
The Social Consequences of Uranium Mining
Authors: Hall Owald
Published: March 2013

This paper draws on the "profile" of the uranium mining region aronnd Elliot Lake and Blind River which I prepared for the Round Table on "Man and Industry." Also, it offers an evaluation of the relations between the visiting team and the people studied; it indicates the kinds of impressions gained by the visiting team, and comments on the subsequent discussion sessions.
Reviews
Authors: Daniells Roy , Williams
Published: March 2013

Richard Hofstadter and Walter P. Metzger, The Development of Academic Freedom in the United States, reviewed by Roy Daniells

Robert M. McIver, Academic Freedom in Our Time, reviewed by Roy Daniells

Walter Greg, The Shakespeare First Folio: Its Bibliographical and Textual History, reviewed by H. S. Williams
Dryden: Professional Man of Letters
Authors: Falle George
Published: March 2013

In his brilliant and doctrinaire essay on Dryden Lord Macaulay represented the poet as the most eminent of the writers of his age who, “by obsequiously cringing to the public taste, had acquired sufficient favour to reform it.” According to Macaulay, Dryden's influence was counterbalanced by the influence of the age upon him, for “on no man did the age exercise so much influence.” As Macaulay's very low opinion of the temper of the Restoration period is only too familiar, it is obvious that his statement was intended as one of his many slurs upon Dryden's integrity. But if we discount the deep-rooted partisanship of his Whiggism there is an intrinsic truth in his argument that may be turned to Dryden's advantage. This reciprocal flow of ideas between Dryden and his age serves to confirm the opinion that he was at the hub of contemporary intellectual activity. His business was literature, and he brought to his professional practice what Dr. Johnson later called “great stores of intellectual wealth,” tireless energy in the pursuit of his aims, and uncompromising faith in the dignity and integrity of his chosen field of activity. If we add to these his innate poetic sensibility, which manifests itself in virtually all his critical utterances, we have a portrait of a man who rendered to his language and his literature services the magnitude of which makes accurate assessment very difficult. Any final assessment of Dryden's contributions to English literature should be made, not exclusively in terms of his services to poetry, to drama, to literary criticism, or to our knowledge of the intellectual history of an age, but in terms of his position as professional man of letters.
The Role of the University
Authors: Bladen
Published: March 2013

“Men are men before they are lawyers or physicians or manufacturers; and if you make them capable and sensible men, they will make themselves capable and sensible lawyers or physicians.” This statement of John Stuart Mill, which might have ended with a reference to manufacturers or businessmen, ought to be carefully considered by university administrators and by business leaders. In these days of pressure for education in business administration, it is well to consider whether the university in performing its ancient function of liberal education may not in fact provide a better education for business than can be provided by some of the newfangled courses in Business Administration. I shall argue that modern business needs to recruit educated men and should not worry about what they are educated in. But while business needs educated men it also needs trained men: some of this training is properly the function of the technical institutes (e.g., Ryerson), or of the business itself; but some of it is properly undertaken in the university. This I shall argue should be more “education” than “training” if it is to justify a place in the university alongside the other and older professional faculties. I believe such education should be undertaken with mature students in the Graduate School, or in special “development” courses for experienced executives on the model of the “staff colleges” of the armed services.
Education for Business
Authors: Teele Stanley , Chapman John
Published: March 2013

The wave of economic and social change that has swept the United States and much of the world since World War II has already made it clear that the practice of management, if it is to be effectively carried on in the years ahead of us, is bound to undergo profound alteration. The explosive growth of population with its dramatic repercussions on our way of living, the breathtaking speed and scope of technological change, and now the inevitable swing to automation with all of its complex requirements for precise, long-range planning: these demand of tomorrow's executive a different type of background and skills than those to which we are accustomed. But what kind of background? And what skills? Who is prepared now to write the job description for the president of a steel mill in 1975? Or for the marketing director of a shoe factory? What will he need to know? What will he need to be able to do? What new concepts must he have in order to grasp the vastly enlarged scope of his business?
Reviews
Authors: Pascal Roy , Harris Robin , Hofrichter Laura , Martz Louis
Published: March 2013

Dr. Hermann Boeschenstein, Deutsche Gefühlskultur: Band I, Die Grundlagen 1770–1830, reviewed by Roy Pascal

Robert M Hutchins, Some Observations on American Education, reviewed by Robin S. Harris

Arthur Bestor, The Restoration of Learning, reviewed Robin S. Harris

John R. Steeley, Crestwood Heights, reviewed by Robin S. Harris

Roy Pascal, The German Novel, reviewed by Laura Hofrichter

Thomas H. Johnson, ed., The Poems of Emily Dickinson, including variant readings critically compared with all known manuscripts, reviewed by Louis L. Martz
Women in Love: A Corrected Typescript
Authors: Davis Herbert
Published: March 2013

By the kindness of Mr. Douglas Duncan of Toronto I have been able to examine a typescript of D. H. Lawrence's Women in Love, which he acquired some years ago, and I have found that it contains enough evidence to show that we may need to modify the generally accepted views of his manner of composition, at least as far as this particular novel is concerned. For instance, in his Introduction to the Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Mr. Aldous Huxley remarks that he often heard Lawrence say that "he was incapable of correcting. If he was dissatisfied with what he had written, he did not, as most authors do, file, clip, insert, transpose; he re-wrote. In other words, he gave the daimon another chance to say what it wanted to say." And Dr. Leavis, in his recent book, D. H. Lawrence: Novelist, which includes an elaborate and valuable study of this novel, although recognizing that The Rainbow and Women in Love in their conception and composition are different from all his later books, in that "they represent ... an immense labour of art, an untiring solicitude to get things right," nevertheless goes on to say:
Existentialism: A New View of Man
Authors: Wild John
Published: March 2013

The objects of scientific investigation are quantitative and can be measured from the outside. Like the things that I touch and see, they lie before me in space. Many of the stars are seen at night by our unaided vision, and more through telescopes. Other entities may be reached through the microscope, and those too small for this must be conceived as lying before us in such a way that they might be seen if our eyes were possessed of sufficient power. Science can tell us nothing of the existence of these objects from the inside nor even if they have such an inside. It tells us only of their surface patterns and the sequence of these patterns in time.
Milton in French Literature of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Brinkley Florence
Published: March 2013

When the French writers broke away from classicism, their search for fresh materials and new heroes led them to real characters in history and literature, whether their own or those of other countries. Most of the Continental countries furnished sources, but England was most frequently drawn upon because of her great popularity in France at this time. J. G. Robertson says that "the French literature of the first twenty or thirty years of the nineteenth century represents the most intense period of Miltonic influence on any alien literature." One phase of the expression of this interest is the introduction of Milton as a character into various literary works. Since the Revolution had brought the French to a better understanding of the Civil War, it is not surprising to find Charles I, Cromwell, and Charles II freely introduced into their literature. Historical characters from other periods, as well as poets and playwrights, also often appear. Under the influence of Madame de Staël, England was considered the particular home of genius, and Shakespeare and Milton, Chatterton and Thomson, are among the poets used fictionally by French writers.
Ancient Egyptian Folk Tales
Authors: Williams Ronald
Published: March 2013

In his Schweich Lectures before the British Academy in 1929, the late Professor Peet stated, "Egypt ... is the home of the short story, and one of her claims to literary recognition is that she produced the first short stories to be told for their own sake. Her stories are pure pastime, not propagandist or aetiological in origin." It is indeed a fact that the Egyptian was always fond of a good story, and succeeded in telling it well.
Willa Cather's Portrait of the Artist
Authors: Bloom Edward , Bloom Lillian
Published: March 2013

Drawing upon her own artistic convictions and practice, Willa Cather once asserted that there are "only two or three human stories, and they go on repeating themselves fiercely as if they had never happened before." Specifically her many novels and volumes of short stories reveal that for her there were only three major themes, but all interrelated through a common aesthetico-moral bond. Two of the themes have to do with the inspiration of the pioneer experience and, because of material considerations, the corruption of that experience. The third concerns the artist who, like the pioneer, undergoes the crises of self-discovery, struggle, and ultimate spiritual triumph. Throughout her life Willa Cather was intrigued by the portrait of the artist. In her early literary productions at the University of Nebraska, where she was an undergraduate, she often wrote analytically about artistic genius. Although her analyses were not profound, they expressed a sensitivity and an enthusiasm alternating between awe and hostility. At McClure's, where she worked as an editor, her most important articles were those in which she interpreted the personal histories of the great productive artists of the time. Her first collection of short stories, The Troll Garden, is primarily an extended colloquy between the artist as hero and a personified middle-class society as the villain. And in her more lasting accomplishments—The Song of the Lark, Lucy Gayheart, and Youth and the Bright Medusa—she devoted herself exclusively to the thematic development of the artist as an individual.
French Canadians and Democracy
Authors: Maheux Arthur
Published: March 2013

The attitudes towards democracy of the two main groups, the English- and the French-speaking, of Canada are not quite, and can hardly be, the same. The difference in the interpretation of democracy creates some friction between both groups, as it is easy to see by reading the Canadian newspapers; it affects the efforts made to realize national unity. The word "unity" carries several meanings: it may mean total fusion, or amalgamation, or conglomeration, or moral union, moral entente; and there are at present partisans of all of these varieties. In a country composed of a large majority and many minorities, it is quite natural for the majority to wish that the minorities be absorbed into and identified with itself. Yet not all minorities are equally vulnerable. One whose culture is manifestly inferior would be easier to assimilate than one possessing a high culture.
Political Parties in Quebec
Authors: Bergeron Gérard
Published: March 2013

Almost nothing has been written on this subject. M. Ostrogorski and R. Michels, have had, in contemporary political science, but late disciples. In Canada, the "party" phenomenon has received only a few chapters of rapid summary in textbooks such as those of Dawson and Corry, or historical monographs of the type of those by Morton, Mallory, and Williams. All this constitutes a mass of usefnl information, but nothing which resembles an analytical framework to which one might usefully refer for specific studies of our parties.
Culture in Quebec Today
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

At the outset, it is essential to define precisely the words which in the above title delimit the subject of this article. By "culture" we understand all the manifestations of the life of the mind, but we shall insist on its written manifestations without however limiting ourselves to creative writing, too often considered to be the sale literature worthy of the name. Along with belles lettres we shall not forget the arts, nor the social sciences, but we do not feel obliged to discuss the natural sciences despite their great importance, in this age especially. They are in fact more impersonal; they disregard linguistic barriers and are therefore less closely identified with a people's spiritual life.
Education in Quebec
Authors: Bilodeau Charles
Published: March 2013

The educational system of Quebec is one of the distinctive features of the province. In its origins, its philosophy, and its legal and academic organization, it differs in striking fashion from the other North American systems. In no other province, of course, does one find the same differences of race, religion, and language: 82 per cent of the population is French-speaking, 88 per cent is Roman Catholic; the remainder is made up of English-speaking and Protestant elements. This demographic duality is reflected in the school system, the majority of the population having created educational institutions in conformity with its ideals, while leaving the minority entirely free to do the same.
Fiction
Authors: Bissell Claude
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1957.
Le Roman
Authors: Duhamel Roger
Published: March 2013

Reivews of French-Canadian novels published in Canada in 1957.
The Teaching of the Sciences
Authors: Kaltakhchyan  , Petrov
Published: March 2013

People in the Soviet Union take a tremendous interest in philosophy. They study the history of philosophy, logic, ethics, and aesthetics. Dialectical and historical materialism, the Marxist-Leninist philosophy, which is the science of the more general laws of the development of nature, society, and thinking, holds a special place in the system of philosophical knowledge in the U.S.S.R.
The Teaching of the Theatrical Arts
Authors: Gorbunov Matvei , Gershkovich
Published: March 2013

Theatrical art can develop only if it is sustained by a constant influx of young talent. The number of theatres in the U.S.S.R. at present is three times what it was forty years ago, running to 600 professional theatrical companies and thousands of amateur theatrical groups and societies. Need it be said that the problem of theatrical cadres and their training is of signal state importance in the U.S.S.R.?
An Expatriate in Boston
Authors: Warren Austin
Published: March 2013

In America today there are few readers of poetry, and fewer still with leisure for poets not our contemporaries. These few may well be advised to spend their days and nights with Homer, Virgil, and Shakespeare—the inexhaustible. Unless one is an antiquarian who prizes objects the more in proportion to their rarity—why bother with minor writers who are, by definition, strictly irrelevant to the current scene and mind?
Automatic Calculating
Authors: Watson
Published: March 2013

One morning recently my interest was attracted to the behaviour of my dog, who interrupted his walk when he spied a cat sitting on a window ledge and engaged in a series of bellicose gestures towards this cat. By tapping the dog with the newspaper that had just been purchased, I abruptly terminated the display, and he went on with no further interest in the cat. Whatever the physiological details of the connection between the stimulus of the dog's seeing the cat and the overt performance, his behaviour seemed to follow a controlling programme. This control was switched off by my intervention. Doubtless if the cat had moved, the dog would have altered his programme in response to the altered stimuli. It must be confessed that it is somewhat odd to apply to a dog's behaviour a conception that is proper for an automatic calculating machine: nevertheless it will bear reflection.
Reviews
Authors: Abrams  , Creighton  , McKillop Alan , Reaney James
Published: March 2013

Anatomy of Criticism, reviewed by M.H. Abrams

Young Mackenzie King, reviewed by D.G. Creighton

Science and the Humanities, reviewed by Alan D. McKillop

The Variorum Yeats, reviewed by James Reaney
Literature and Party Line
Authors: Forster Leonard
Published: March 2013

One of the major problems of literature in general and of lyric poetry in particular in our society is the growing gap between the creative artist and his public. It is a commonplace in these days that the question "For whom does the poet write?" has no satisfactory answer. Poetry is for many poets what Gottfried Benn said of his own poetry—an art of monologue.
How Can Berkeley Be Refuted?
Authors: McRae
Published: March 2013

Berkeley's theory about the physical world has for many the appearance of an extreme and very ingenious paradox. For this reason it has more often prompted the question "How can it be refuted?" than any other theory in the history of philosophy. Whiston, Newton's successor at Cambridge, and one of the first to whom Berkeley sent a copy of his Principles, appealed in vain to the most distinguished philosopher in England to find a refutation. "I went to Dr. Clarke," he says, "and discoursed with him about it to this effect, that I, being not a metaphysician, was not able to answer Mr. Berkeley's subtle premises, though I did not at all believe his absurd conclusion. I therefore desired that he, who was deep in such subtleties, but did not appear to believe Mr. Berkeley's conclusion, would answer him, which task he declined." Perhaps, as Boswell thought, it was hopeless to try. He was so impressed by the ingenuity of Berkeley's "sophistry" that he told Dr. Johnson it was impossible to refute it.
Hawthorne's Mythology: A Mirror for Puritans
Authors: McPherson Hugo
Published: March 2013

In the past two decades Hawthorne's critics have written more about his life and art than was produced in the preceding century, but the deepest recesses of the "haunted chamber" of his imagination have remained disconcertingly dark. Scholars have formulated—better than he himself could have done—his ideas on religion, politics, philosophy, and aesthetics; they have recruited the skills of science to decipher passages in his letters and journals that had been inked out with loving prudery by his widow; they have used the methods of the New Criticism to study his art in terms of bipolar image schemes such as head and heart, light and dark, "marriage" and isolation. But despite all this, they have not been able to reveal the informing principle which gives coherence to the full range of his work. Some of the most puzzling elements of his fiction are still described as "Gothic trappings," a label which, like Swift's lusus naturae, betrays something that the doctors do not understand.
The Limitations of George Orwell
Authors: Dooley
Published: March 2013

George Orwell is well on the way to being enshrined as the patron saint of left-wing journalism. Some of the most respected English and American critics have taken up his cause. The process was begun by V. S. Pritchett, who in an obituary notice in the New Statesman and Nation praised Orwell as "a kind of saint" and as the "wintry conscience" of a whole generation. In the United States, the chief advocate has been Lionel Trilling; in an introduction to an American reprint of Homage to Catalonia, be described this book as one of the most important documents of our time and a demonstration of one of the right ways to confront life, and in fact his introduction (reprinted in The Opposing Self) might be described as a panegyric based on the text "He was a virtuous man. " With these two leading it, the work of beatification has gone on, until today there is hardly an article on the contemporary literary scene in which Orwell's name is not mentioned, and mentioned with veneration.
The Topicality of Little Dorrit
Authors: Butt John
Published: March 2013

The prestige of Dickens' novels is apt to make us forget that he was also a journalist, and that he never abandoned the profession. He started work as a newspaper reporter in 1832; from 1836 to 1839 he edited a monthly periodical for the publisher Richard Bentley; in 1840 he began his own weekly periodical, Master Humphrey's Clock; in 1846 he founded the Daily News, and edited the first seventeen issues; and in 1850 he founded a weekly magazine which, with a change of title, he was to edit until his death. A journalist's interest in the events of the day was part of his constitution, and it is not surprising that this interest affects his novels in varying degrees.
Ernst Stadler and the University of Toronto
Authors: Forster Leonard
Published: March 2013

The first number of the Varsity for the academic year 1914-15 (Wednesday, September 30, 1914) was overshadowed by the outbreak of hostilities between Britain and Germany and the part that the youth of Canadian universities might be required to play in the war. A small paragraph on the third page reported: "George Henry Needler, B.A., Ph.D. (Leipzig) , has been promoted to the head of the department of German. Dr. E. Stadler is now an Associate Professor in German." Exactly one month later, Leutnant Ernst Stadler was killed by a British shell near Ypres on October 30, 1914, aged 31, without ever having taken up his appointment.