bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratio of Composite Materials considering the Effects of Dewetting
Authors: Cui Huiru , Ma Weili , Lv Xuan , Li Changyuan , Ding Yimin
Published: February 2022

A direct numerical method is introduced herein to investigate time-dependent Poisson’s ratio of solid propellant based on a representative volume element (RVE) model. Time-dependent longitudinal and transverse strains are considered in the calculation of time-dependent Poisson’s ratio under the relaxation test. The molecular dynamics (MD) packing algorithm is used to generate the high area fraction RVE model of solid propellants consisting of ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles whose radius follows lognormal distribution. In order to simulate the dewetting response of the interface between particles and matrix, the PPR model is modified and utilized during the analysis. Time-dependent Poisson’s ratio is measured under different cohesive parameters, loading conditions (loading temperature, loading rate, and fixed strain), and area fraction. Numerical results reveal that time-dependent Poisson’s ratio can be nonmonotonic or monotonic according to the different cohesive parameters. A concept of critical cohesive parameters is proposed to judge whether the monotonic property of time-dependent Poisson’s ratio appears or not. According to the numerical analysis, the cohesive contact and the shrinkage of the bulk element are two main factors which will control the change of monotonic property. All time-dependent Poisson’s ratios will increase at the beginning of the relaxation stage because the effects of cohesive contact can be ignored compared with the large shrinkage of the bulk element. However, with the increased shrinkage of the bulk element, the increased cohesive contact will defend further shrinkage at the same time. Although the shrink of the bulk element never changes its direction, the ratio of the transverse strain to longitudinal strain may decrease or keep increasing in this stage. When transverse and longitudinal strains stop to change, all time-dependent Poisson’s ratios will achieve their equilibrium values.
A Comparative Analysis by Experimental Investigations on Normal and Ground Ultrafine Mineral Admixtures in Arresting Permeation in High‐Strength Concrete
Authors: Karthikeyan B. , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Dhinakaran G. , Sundaramali G. , Muthuswamy Natarajan , Paramasivam Velmurugan
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the permeation characteristics of concrete made by increasing the fineness of the conventional mineral admixtures and using them as a partial substitute for cement. Silica fume and metakaolin ground to ultrafine state and ceramic powder obtained from grinding waste ceramic tiles were used as mineral admixtures. The mixes were designed for a compressive strength of 50 MPa and were prepared for both binary and ternary blended cases. Binary blended specimens were cast, partially replacing cement with unground silica fume, ground silica fume, unground metakaolin, and ground metakaolin separately in different replacement proportions. Ternary blended mixes were prepared using ceramic powder in 4%, 9%, and 14% and with silica fume in a constant level of 1% percentage. All the cast specimens were compared against the control concrete. A deeper comparative analysis was also made by comparing the performance of specimens made with unground mineral admixtures with that of ground mineral admixtures. Various parameters such as resistance against water absorption, percentage of voids, and sorptivity characteristics were studied. It was observed that increasing the fineness helps fill up the pores, thereby improving the resistance to permeation action.
Association between Consumption of Fluoroquinolones and Carbapenems and Their Resistance Rates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Argentina
Authors: Boni Silvia , Marin Gustavo H. , Campaña Laura , Marin Lupe , Risso-Patrón Soledad , Marin Gina , Gabriel Fernanda , Corso Alejandra , Garay Valeria , Limeres Manuel
Published: February 2022

Background. Irrational use of antimicrobials (ATMs) triggers microbial resistance (AMR) which has severe consequences for human health. ATM consumption varies among countries and within each territory. These data should be known, in order to perform local policies towards AMR reduction. This work aimed to expose the association of the level of consumption of carbapenems and fluoroquinolones with their resistance rates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Argentina. Method. Consumption of antimicrobials was expressed by defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 inhabitants for each ATM during one year period, discriminating by each country region. Resistance of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems/fluoroquinolones groups was recorded. Consumption/resistance ratio “R” was calculated for each region of the country, comparing results with other countries. Results. P. aeruginosa resistance rate to fluoroquinolone (F) was 26.4% in blood samples and 29.7% in urine samples, whereas resistance rates to carbapenems (C) were 19.9 and 17.7% in blood and urine, respectively. Correlation between consumption and resistance was demonstrated for both antimicrobials (C : R = 0.58;

p
=
0.003

and F : R = 0.77;

p
=
0.0001

). Great fluctuations of resistance levels were seen among regions within the country, always correlating resistance with areas in which a higher level of ATM consumption was detected. Conclusion. P. aeruginosa resistance to fluoroquinolone/carbapenems in Argentina directly correlated with antimicrobial consumption levels. A great heterogeneity in resistance profile was observed among areas where ATMs were widely used. Global data at the national level might mask local realities that require specific health policies in order to control the irrational use of ATMs.
Nonsimilar Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Electromagnetic Radiative Flow of Nanofluid with Entropy Generation
Authors: Hussain Muzamil , Cui Jifeng , Farooq Umer , Ahmed Rabie Mohammed Elamin , Muhammad Taseer
Published: February 2022

Electromagnetic water/CNTs nanofluid flow across a convectively heated moving surface is reported in this communication. Aspect of thermal radiations is considered for heat transport analysis. The concept of nonsimilar boundary layer is executed to simplify the convoluted mathematical expressions. Also, an entropy generation model is considered since its reduction minimizes the loss of available energy, which improves thermal efficiency. The governing model is reduced to a dimensionless system by using an appropriate nonsimilarity transformation. The numerical solution for the velocity and temperature profiles has been obtained by implementing local nonsimilarity via finite difference based Matlab algorithm bvp4c for various quantities of the main emerging parameters. The outcomes are depicted in tabular and graphical formats to analyze impacts of different geometrical, thermophysical, and dynamical factors on temperature, velocity, frictional drag, entropy generation (EG), Nusselt number, and the Bejan number. The temperature profile is seen to rise with Biot number and thermal radiation. Higher radiation parameters and nanoparticle concentrations cause an increase in entropy generation. Horizontal plate with the wedge angle

m
=
0

is the optimal geometry for minimizing entropy generation. The increase in the values electric field parameter leads to the rise in the skin friction coefficient. Also, Nusselt number declines when magnetic parameter and Eckert number are increase. The authors discussed the local nonsimilarity approach for simulating the dimensionless nonsimilar structure. To the best of authors’ knowledge, no such study has yet been published in the literature. To show the originality of results, the current numerical findings are compared with the published research for some limiting cases and are found to be in excellent alignment. This study could be useful for examining the impacts of nanofluids in a thermal transport analysis.
Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose Mimicking a Retained Laparotomy Sponge
Authors: Karnolt Lauren E. , Buras Andrea L. , Rutherford Thomas J. , Anderson Matthew L.
Published: February 2022

Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) is an absorbable hemostat commonly used during gynecologic surgery. We present a case in which ORC was used in a patient undergoing posterior pelvic exenteration with ureteroneocystostomy for excision of a malignant pelvic mass. At the conclusion of these procedures, the laparotomy pad count was reported as incomplete likely due to the large number of laparotomy pads used and changes in nursing staff. Abdominal radiographs were obtained to verify no pads were retained in the abdominal cavity. These identified a poorly defined radiolucency deep in the patient’s pelvis, requiring the surgical incision be reopened. Upon reexploration, no evidence of a retained surgical sponge could be identified. However, ORC was identified at the site of the radiolucency in question. Radiographs of this material, once removed, confirmed its radiolucent appearance. This experience clearly demonstrates that oxidized regenerated cellulose can mimic a retained surgical sponge on intraoperative radiographs. Dissemination of this knowledge will hopefully help to avoid radiographic misidentification of ORC in the perioperative window and minimizing the risk of unnecessary surgical interventions in the future.
Age-Related Trends in Body Composition among Women Aged 20–80 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rathnayake Nirmala , Rathnayake Hasanga , Lekamwasam Sarath
Published: February 2022

The determinants of body composition are likely to vary geographically due to the diversity of genetic and environmental factors between populations. Age-related trends in body composition in a population help understanding the health issues that are linked with different body compartments. In general, such studies are scarce in the South Asian region and this cross-sectional study examined the age-related trends in body composition in a selected group of healthy women aged 20–80 years in Sri Lanka. The study included randomly selected 784 healthy women aged 20–80 years from the Southern province, Sri Lanka. Women were divided into five age groups: 20–29 years (n = 79), 30–39 years (n = 144), 40–49 years (n = 185), 50–59 years (n = 281), and ≥60 years (n = 85). Total body bone mineral density (TBBMD, g/cm2), total body bone mineral content (TBBMC, g), total body fat mass (TBFM, kg), and total body lean mass (TBLM, kg) were measured with central-type dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test was performed. The age-related trends of TBBMD and TBBMC were similar with a peak in 40–49-year age group. Between 50 and 59 and ≥60 age categories, TBBMD and TBBMC showed a rapid decline: 16% and 23%, respectively. The rate of TBBMD decline was 0.008 g/cm2 per year after 50 years. TBFM increased by 14% between age categories 20–29 and 40–49 years and remained unchanged after 49 years. TBLM increased by 15% between age groups 20–29 and 40–49 years and then decreased by 13% between age categories 50–59 and ≥60 years. Of the 13% decrease in TBLM after 50 years, 9% loss occurred after 59 years. The trends observed help to understand the occurrence of diseases linked with body composition.
Physicochemical, Rheological, and Sensory Properties of Gluten-Free Cookie Produced by Flour of Chestnut, Date Seed, and Modified Starch
Authors: Mohammadi Mehrdad , Khorshidian Nasim , Yousefi Mojtaba , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi
Published: February 2022

A gluten-free rice flour-based cookie was produced using different mixtures of chestnut flour (0, 30, 40, and 50%), date seed flour (0, 10, and 20%), and modified starch (0.3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.9%). Physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of the prepared treatments were investigated. The results showed that moisture, specific volume, and dough viscosity were the lowest in control and the highest in treatment T1 containing 20% date seed flour, 30% chestnut flour, and 0.9% modified starch (

P
<
0.05

). The highest (22.15 N) and the lowest hardness (13.5 N) were obtained in the control and T1, respectively, both of which increased over the storage time (

P
<
0.05

). Regarding the texture characteristics of different dough treatments, the control illustrated the lowest adhesiveness and the highest hardness and chewiness. Sensory evaluation revealed that gluten-free treatments were acceptable from the consumers’ point of view. It was concluded that T1 as a gluten-free cookie had the highest quality.
Research on Probability Distribution of Short-Term Photovoltaic Output Forecast Error Based on Numerical Characteristic Clustering
Authors: Yan Peng , Xiang Chenmeng , Li Tiecheng , Hu Xuekai , Zhou Wen , Wang Lei , Meng Liang
Published: February 2022

The forecast error characteristic analysis of short-term photovoltaic power generation can provide a reliable reference for power system optimal dispatching. In this paper, the total in-day error level was stratified by fuzzy C-means algorithm. Then the historical PV output data based on the numerical characteristics of point prediction output were classified. A General Gauss Mixed Model was proposed to fit the forecast error distribution of various photovoltaic output forecast error distribution. The impact of meteorological factors together with numerical characteristics on the forecast error was taken into full consideration in this analysis method. The predicted point output with high volatility can be accurately captured, and the reliable confidence interval is given. The proposed method is independent of the point prediction algorithm and has strong applicability. The General Gauss Mixed Model can meet the peak diversity, bias, and multimodal properties of the error distribution, and the fitting effect is superior to the normal distribution, the Laplace distribution, and the t Location-Scale distribution model. The error model has a flexible shape, a concise expression, and high practical value for engineering.
A Blockchain-Assisted Electronic Medical Records by Using Proxy Reencryption and Multisignature
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Yan Jun , Shan Shuqiang , Wu Rongjun
Published: February 2022

Electronic medical records (EMR) have been commonly used in medical institutions in recent years. In particular, the combination of EMR and the cloud server has significantly improved the work efficiency and therapeutic level of the hospital. It also raises some security concerns, e.g., the information leaks. Blockchain has features including decentralization, traceability, openness, and tamper resistance. Therefore, the technology may be used to overcome the above flaws. In this paper, we introduce a new blockchain-assisted EMR in the cloud environment by using proxy reencryption and sequential multisignature. Firstly, blockchain makes the scheme have high-security performance without a trusty center. Secondly, we use proxy reencryption to protect personal medical data while helping doctors to access patients’ historical medical records. Moreover, the doctors have used a sequential multisignature, which is practical and can effectively improve security performance. The analysis results show that the proposed scheme can satisfy various security features of EMR and has an ideal computational and communication cost. Finally, the scheme is implemented to show its performance.
On the Preorder Strategy for Loss-Averse Newsvendor Model under CVaR Measure
Authors: Huang Jingfu , Feng Bo , Wang Chengfei
Published: February 2022

Due to rapid development of manufacturing and online retail, the life cycle of many products is becoming shorter and shorter. Hence, manufacturers may launch new products in selling season to maintain market share and attract new customers. Under these circumstances, manufacturers may release a presale information before the selling season, and the retailer correspondingly makes a preorder according to the estimation to the demand. For the case that the wholesale price rises gradually with time during the preselling period and the market demand is stochastic, based on minimizing the legacy loss via CVaR measure in risk management, we establish a loss-averse newsvendor’s preordering decision model. By model analysis, we establish the closed form solution to the model and provide the optimal preordering time and preordering quantity to the retailer. Some numerical experiments are made to show the validity of the model, and some managerial insights are explored through the numerical experiments.
Applicability of Internet of Things in Smart Farming
Authors: Phasinam Khongdet , Kassanuk Thanwamas , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Agriculture is critical to human life. Agriculture provides a means of subsistence for a sizable portion of the world’s population. Additionally, it provides a large number of work opportunities for inhabitants. Many farmers prefer traditional farming approaches, which result in low yields. Agriculture and related industries are vital to the economy’s long-term growth and development. The primary issues in agricultural production include decision-making, crop selection, and supporting systems for crop yield enhancement. Agriculture forecasting is influenced by natural variables such as temperature, soil fertility, water volume, water quality, season, and crop prices. Growing advancements in agricultural automation have resulted in a flood of tools and apps for rapid knowledge acquisition. Mobile devices are rapidly being used by everyone, including farmers. This paper presents a framework for smart crop tracking and monitoring. Sensors, Internet of Things cameras, mobile applications, and big data analytics are all covered. The hardware consists of an Arduino Uno, a variety of sensors, and a Wi-Fi module. This strategy would result in the most effective use of energy and the smallest amount of agricultural waste possible.
Prognosis Risk Model Based on Pyroptosis-Related lncRNAs for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Lu Zechao , Tang Fucai , Li Zhichen , Lai Yongchang , Lu Zeguang , Zhang Jiahao , Tang Zhicheng , Cai Wanyan , He Zhaohui
Published: February 2022

Objective. Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in the urinary system and is prone to recurrence and metastasis. Pyroptosis is a kind of cell necrosis that is triggered by the gasdermin protein family. lncRNAs are noncoding RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides long. Both pyroptosis and lncRNAs are associated with tumor development and progression. This study is aimed at exploring and establishing a prognostic signature of BC based on pyroptosis-related lncRNAs. Methods. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database provided us with the RNA sequencing transcriptome data of bladder cancer patients, and we identified differentially expressed pyroptosis-related lncRNAs in bladder cancer. Then, the prognostic significance of these lncRNAs was assessed using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. Subsequently, 4 pyroptosis-related lncRNAs, namely, AL121652.1, AL161729.4, AC007128.1, and AC124312.3, were identified by multivariate Cox regression analysis, thus constructing the prognostic risk model. Then, we compared the levels of immune infiltration, differences in cell function, immune checkpoints, and m6A-related gene expression levels between the high- and low-risk groups. Result. Patients were divided into low-risk or high-risk groups based on the median risk score. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the overall survival of bladder cancer patients in the low-risk group was substantially superior to that in the high-risk group (

p
<
0.001

). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve further confirmed the credibility of our model. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that these were different signal pathways significantly enriched between the two groups. Immune infiltration, immune checkpoint, and N6-methyladenosine-related gene analysis also reflected that there were notable differences between the two groups. Conclusion. Therefore, this prognostic risk model is based on the level of pyroptotic lncRNAs, which is conducive to individualized assessment of the risk of patients and provides a reference for clinical treatment. This will also help provide insights into the prognosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
Construction of English-Assisted Teaching Mode Based on Multimedia Technique in Network Environment
Authors: Yue Qiong
Published: February 2022

Modern educational technology, embodied by multimedia network technology, is now widely used in education and teaching, and it offers distinct benefits in terms of improving classroom teaching effectiveness. Through videos, sounds, images, and animations, multimedia English teaching can show students all kinds of information more intuitively, vividly, and quickly. This paper attempts to apply multimedia-assisted teaching to the English classroom, combining the characteristics of the English subject and the requirements of curriculum standards, based on related theories of psychology and information technology. The learning effect can be established with the CET effective classroom environment construction and the three dimensions of the teaching process reflected by the evaluation scale and the path model with a good fitting degree. Teachers’ correct guidance will play a positive role in learners’ correct use of multimedia English learning resources, according to teaching practice. A simulated language environment can be created using multimedia technology, allowing students’ sensory organs to be activated more effectively, their attention to be drawn in, and their interest in English learning to improve.
Rapid Determination of Pachymic Acid Content by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Jie , Li Changqin , Liu Lijun , Chai Wangjing , Hou Yabin , Ma Changyang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a rapid model for the determination of pachymic acid content in Poria was established by partial least squares (PLS) regression and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). During the research, a total of 108 batches of Poria samples from different producing regions were used, while their corresponding pachymic acid contents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were adopted as reference. These samples were divided randomly into calibration sets for model establishment and validation sets for model validation. The test results from the calibration set showed that the best preprocessing method of the NIR spectra model was the standard normal variate (SNV) + second derivatives (SD), and the most suitable number of principal factors was 9. In this model, the coefficient of determination of the calibration set (

r
c
2

) and validation set (

r
v
2

) was 0.915 and 0.917, respectively. Meanwhile, the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root mean square error of validation (RMSEP) with the calibration set were 0.051 mg/g and 0.054 mg/g, respectively. These results indicated this model could rapidly and reliably predict the pachymic acid content in Poria and increase the determination efficiency of pachymic acid in Poria. This is conducive to promote the development of industry.
Effect of Purple Eggplant Flour on Physicochemical, Lipid Oxidation, and Sensory Properties of Low-Fat Beef Patties
Authors: Bunmee Thanaporn , Setthaya Phatthawin , Chaiwang Niraporn , Sansawat Thanikarn
Published: February 2022

This study examines the implications of PEF as an alternative fat replacer on nutritional composition, display storage stability, product quality, and its practical application for beef patties. Four different beef patties were formulated with 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% PEF. Addition of the PEF in beef patties resulted in a significant increase in moisture, ash, and total dietary fiber while decreasing protein and fat contents. The cooking yield, moisture, and fat retention of the PEF beef patties were significantly higher than the control patty. The tenderness and juiciness scores of the PEF beef patties were significantly increased compared to the control. The lightness and redness values of raw patties were superior to the control during storage time. The amounts of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were lower in PEF beef patties than the control patties during 7 days of storage at 4°C. These results suggested that PEF could be used as a natural antioxidant fat replacer in beef patties without losing sensory and visual quality. In addition, the utilization of PEF may improve nutritional values including dietary fiber and display storage stability in beef patties.
Retroperitoneal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Involving the Pelvic Side Wall Arising from Endometriosis: A Case Report
Authors: Cucinella Giuseppe , Sozzi Giulio , Di Donna Mariano Catello , Unti Elettra , Mariani Andrea , Chiantera Vito
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from endometriosis is very rare. Moreover, endometriosis located on the pelvic side wall is uncommon, while its cancerization is quite unusual. We herein report the first case of retroperitoneal SCC arising from endometriosis. Case Presentation: A case of a 52-year-old woman with retroperitoneal pararectal right mass is presented. The pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a retroperitoneal tumor extended to the right pelvic side wall. The neuropelveological examination completed the preoperative assessment, showing a right-sided sciatica and overactive bladder symptoms. Tumor removal was completely managed by a minimally invasive technique through the laparoscopic laterally extended endopelvic resection procedure and pelvic neurolysis. Final histology revealed a SCC in a context of diffuse endometriosis with a histologic continuity between the SCC and the endometriosis. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with no recurrence after 6 months. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the present case represents the first evidence of retroperitoneal SCC of the pelvic side wall arising from endometriosis completely resected by laparoscopic approach. Although its rare occurrence, the gynecologist oncologist should maintain a high index of suspicion for malignant endometriosis transformation in case of retroperitoneal pelvic mass and history of endometriosis.
Benefit of Hemoadsorption Therapy in Patients Suffering Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series
Authors: Hakemi Monir Sadat , Nassiri Amir Ahmad , Nobakht Ali , Mardani Masoud , Darazam Ilad Alavi , Parsa Maziyar , Miri Mir Mohammmad , Shahrami Reza , Koomleh Azadeh Ahmadi , Entezarmahdi Kiana , Karimi Anita
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction in result of the host’s dysregulated response to infection and septic shock. Sepsis-associated kidney injury is usually defined as concurrent presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis without other significant causative factors. Method: The current retrospective study was conducted to elucidate beneficial and side effects of CytoSorb®. A total of 17 patients were primarily treated with continuous renal replacement therapy in combination with CytoSorb. The demand for norepinephrine, mean arterial pressure, lactate, and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, as well as ICU length of stay, was measured. Result: The blood lactate levels decreased by 32.30% when comparing mean levels before and after treatment. All patients who survived (n = 14) had reduction in vasopressor demand to 68.96% of their initial dose before the start of treatment. Hospital survival was greater in patients who initially had higher vasopressor demand compared to their nonsurviving counterparts, but in whom vasopressor dosages were reduced significantly during their treatments. Mortality as predicted by APACHE II score in the overall patient population was 79.9%, whereas, the observed ICU mortality was 31%. The baseline PCT levels on patients received 1, 2, and 3 CytoSorbs were 27.08 ± 5.81 ng/mL, 13.28 ± 2.62 ng/mL, and 21.03 ± 6.56 ng/mL, respectively. Observed PCT levels at 24 h after the last treatment on patients received 1, 2, and 3 CytoSorb were 31.55 ± 15.70 ng/mL, 5.61 ± 1.77 ng/mL, and 8.11 ± 3.62 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that applying the CytoSorb in combination with CRRT in ICU septic patients with AKI, is related to a significant decrease in mortality, if the integrity and continuity of the treatment be kept, as much as possible. This study presented an effectively positive outcome with cytokine adsorber treatment as an adjuvant along with standard treatment in a high-risk mortality case of septic shock with organ failure.
Accuracy of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Cyto-Histologic Correlation Study in an Integrated Canadian Health Care Region with Centralized Pathology Service
Authors: Ghaznavi Sana A. , Clayton Hailey , Eszlinger Markus , Khalil Moosa , Symonds Christopher J. , Paschke Ralf
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The reported ROM within TBSRTC categories varies widely and depends on several factors in the clinical care pathway for thyroid nodules, including sonographic risk stratification, cytology expertise, selection criteria for surgical resection, and definitions of malignancy used. Methods: We present 5,867 consecutive thyroid FNAC and corresponding surgical pathology in the context of a comprehensive, single-payer health care system with centralized cytology and surgical pathology services for over 1.5 million inhabitants. Results: We report higher usage of ND and AUS/FLUS categories than the literature (19% vs. <10% and 15% vs. <10%, respectively). Our surgical resection rate for malignant cytology is substantially higher than the literature (94% vs. 50%, respectively). The ROM by the TBSRTC category in our cohort was similar to the literature. The overall diagnostic accuracy of thyroid FNAC was 92%, which is similar to other studies. Inclusion of incidental PMC as histologically malignant raised the ROM in the ND, benign, and AUS/FLUS categories. Discussion: The diagnostic performance of thyroid FNAC in our study is similar to the reported literature. Differences in TBSRTC category usage likely arise from cytologist variability and expertise. Our higher surgical resection rate in the malignant cytology category reflects the greater capture of surgical follow-up within our healthcare region with centralized pathology and a single EMR system. Keeping in mind the method of calculation of ROM, the malignancy rate by TBSRTC is similar to previous reports.
Safe De-Labeling of Patients at Low Risk of Penicillin Allergy in Denmark
Authors: Fransson Sara , Boel Jonas Bredtoft , Mosbech Holger F. , Poulsen Lars K. , Ruff Samine , Garvey Lene H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Penicillin allergy is suspected in 10% of hospital inpatients but can be disproved in 90% of cases. Direct oral provocation without preceding tests among low-risk patients has proven to be safe in studies of both children and adults and is gaining use across the world. The aims of this study were to investigate the rate of severe allergic reactions to direct oral drug provocation, without preceding tests, in penicillin allergy patients stratified to be at low risk, as well as to examine if these patients have barriers to penicillin allergy de-labeling and future use of penicillins. Methods: Adult patients referred to a university hospital allergy clinic with a suspected penicillin allergy were prospectively risk evaluated. Patients stratified to be at low risk were offered a direct oral provocation with a single-dose amoxicillin followed by 4 days of continued treatment. The same risk stratification criteria were applied to a larger retrospective cohort. Results: In the prospective study population, 202 patients had a direct oral drug provocation and 20 (10%) were positive. There were no cases of anaphylaxis or severe delayed hypersensitivity. Fifteen reactions were benign rashes with onset >1 day after initial dosing, and 13 of these were maculopapular rashes. The same low-risk criteria were applied retrospectively to patients in a drug provocation database, and 1,759 patients fulfilled the criteria; of these, 10% had positive provocations, and there were no cases of anaphylaxis or severe delayed hypersensitivity. De-labeled patients in the prospective study reported not to fear future penicillin intake, after prolonged provocation. Conclusion: The risk stratification criteria for identifying low-risk patients for the oral drug provocation test without prior skin testing were safe in terms of avoiding anaphylaxis or severe delayed hypersensitivity. Benign delayed skin reactions still occurred, and access to allergy advice and follow-up is necessary.
Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Interleukin-5 Therapies in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Qiong , Sun Qun , Chen Qiguo , Li Hao , Liu Ding , Wu Qingwu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain unresolved, and relevant meta-analyses are lacking. Additionally, mepolizumab has been evaluated in far fewer patients, and the evidence is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify evidence gaps that will guide future investigation of therapies targeting interleukin (IL)-5 signaling (anti-IL-5Rα or anti-IL-5) for CRSwNP. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis that were registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42021276867). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library on September 2, 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing anti-IL-5 treatments (anti-IL-5Rα or anti-IL-5) in adult patients for CRSwNP were included. Results: Seven RCTs with 799 patients evaluating the efficacy and safety of treatments targeting IL-5 pathway (benralizumab [anti-IL-5Rα], mepolizumab, and reslizumab [anti-IL-5]) were included. The overall pooled meta-analysis showed that anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better nasal polyp score (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [−0.87, −0.55]; p < 0.00001). Anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better nasal congestion score (WMD: −1.73; 95% CI: [−2.29, −1.16]; p < 0.00001). Anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score (WMD: −11.30; 95% CI: [−14.77, −7.83]; p < 0.00001). The overall pooled meta-analysis showed that anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score (WMD: 2.09; 95% CI: [0.42, 3.77]; p = 0.01). Anti-IL-5 treatments significantly reduced the loss of smell score in the overall pooled meta-analysis (WMD: −1.38; 95% CI: [−1.97, −0.79]; p < 0.00001). In the overall pooled meta-analysis, anti-IL-5 treatments showed no difference with the placebo in the risk of adverse events (AEs; risk ratio [RR]: 1.01; 95% CI: [−0.93, 1.09]; p = 0.83) and serious AEs (SAEs; RR: 0.73; 95% CI: [0.40, 1.34]; p = 0.32). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified that anti-IL-5 treatments significantly improved the size of nasal polyps, health-related quality of life, and sense of smell in moderate to severe CRSwNP, and they were safe and well tolerated.
Factors Related to Delayed Adverse Events of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in the Duodenum
Authors: Kawamura Tatsuya , Hirose Takashi , Kakushima Naomi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Furune Satoshi , Ishikawa Eri , Sawada Tsunaki , Keiko Maeda , Yamamura Takeshi , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kawashima Hiroki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for duodenal neoplasms (D-ESD) is considered a technically demanding procedure regarding the high risk of delayed adverse events. Data regarding optimal managements of ulcers after D-ESD are lacking. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive 145 cases of D-ESD for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors at a single referral center. Factors related to delayed adverse events and the healing process of ulcers after D-ESD were analyzed. Results: Complete ulcer suture after D-ESD was performed in 128 cases (88%). Two delayed perforation occurred among cases with incomplete suture. Delayed bleeding occurred in 8 cases (6%) within 3 weeks. The ulcer closure rate at second-look endoscopy (SLE) was significantly low among cases with delayed bleeding (12.5% vs. 75%, p = 0.001). The bleeding rate before SLE was significantly high among patients who did not have complete ulcer closure after D-ESD (0.8% vs. 12%, p = 0.036). The ratio of lesions located in the second oral-Vater was significantly low among ulcers re-opened at SLE (38% vs. 14%, p = 0.044). Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) were administered for a median of 7 weeks (range 1–8 weeks). At 3 weeks, active ulcer stages were observed in a few cases, and healing or scarring was observed in most cases. Conclusions: Complete ulcer suture was related to decreased risk of delayed adverse events after D-ESD. From the bleeding period and healing process of D-ESD ulcers, the minimum required length of PPI may be 3 weeks after D-ESD.
CIRKIL Exacerbates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Interacting With Ku70
Authors: Xiao Hongwen , Zhang Mingyu , Wu Hao , Wu Jiaxu , Hu Xiaoxi , Pei Xinyu , Li Danyang , Zhao Lu , Hua Qi , Meng Bo , Zhang Xiaowen , Peng Lili , Cheng Xiaoling , Li Zhuoyun , Yang Wanqi , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yang , Lu Yanjie , Pan Zhenwei
Published: February 2022

Background:

Ku70 participates in several pathological processes through mediating repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Our previous study has identified a highly conserved long noncoding RNA cardiac ischemia reperfusion associated Ku70 interacting lncRNA (CIRKIL) that was upregulated in myocardial infarction. The study aims to investigate whether CIRKIL regulates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) through binding to Ku70.

Methods:

CIRKIL transgenic and knockout mice were subjected to 45-minute ischemia and 24-hour reperfusion to establish myocardial I/R model. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to detect the interaction between CIRKIL and Ku70.

Results:

The expression of CIRKIL was increased in I/R myocardium and H
2
O
2
-treated cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of CIRKIL increased the expression of γH
2
A.X, a specific marker of DNA double-strand breaks and aggravated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas knockdown of CIRKIL produced the opposite changes. Transgenic overexpression of CIRKIL aggravated cardiac dysfunction, enlarged infarct area, and worsened cardiomyocyte damage in I/R mice. Knockout of CIRKIL alleviated myocardial I/R injury. Mechanistically, CIRKIL directly bound to Ku70 to subsequently decrease nuclear translocation of Ku70 and impair DNA double-strand breaks repair. Concurrent overexpression of Ku70 mitigated CIRKIL overexpression-induced myocardial I/R injury. Furthermore, knockdown of human CIRKIL significantly suppressed cell damage induced by H
2
O
2
in adult human ventricular cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions:

CIRKIL is a detrimental factor in I/R injury acting via regulating nuclear translocation of Ku70 and DNA double-strand breaks repair. Thus, CIRKIL might be considered as a novel molecular target for the treatment of cardiac conditions associated with I/R injury.
Evidence-Based Disparities in Stroke Care Metrics and Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ikeme Shelly , Kottenmeier Emilie , Uzochukwu Goldfield , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: February 2022

Stroke disproportionately affects racial minorities, and the level to which stroke treatment practices differ across races is understudied. Here, we performed a systematic review of disparities in stroke treatment between racial minorities and White patients. A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed to identify studies published from January 1, 2010, to April 5, 2021 that investigated disparities in access to stroke treatment between racial minorities and White patients. A total of 30 studies were included in the systematic review. White patients were estimated to use emergency medical services at a greater rate (59.8%) than African American (55.6%), Asian (54.7%), and Hispanic patients (53.2%). A greater proportion of White patients (37.4%) were estimated to arrive within 3 hours from onset of stroke symptoms than African American (26.0%) and Hispanic (28.9%) patients. A greater proportion of White patients (2.8%) were estimated to receive tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) as compared with African American (2.3%), Hispanic (2.6%), and Asian (2.3%) patients. Rates of utilization of mechanical thrombectomy were also lower in minorities than in the White population. As shown in this review, racial disparities exist at key points along the continuum of stroke care from onset of stroke symptoms to treatment. Beyond patient level factors, these disparities may be attributed to other provider and system level factors within the health care ecosystem.
Long-Term Connectome Analysis Reveals Reshaping of Visual, Spatial Networks in a Model With Vascular Dementia Features
Authors: Hall Gerard R. , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Dirnagl Ulrich , Finke Carsten , Foddis Marco , Harms Christoph , Koch Stefan Paul , Kuchling Joseph , Madan Christopher R. , Mueller Susanne , Sassi Celeste , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N. , Trueman Rebecca C. , Wallis Marcus D. , Yildirim Ferah , Farr Tracy D.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Connectome analysis of neuroimaging data is a rapidly expanding field that offers the potential to diagnose, characterize, and predict neurological disease. Animal models provide insight into biological mechanisms that underpin disease, but connectivity approaches are currently lagging in the rodent.

Methods:

We present a pipeline adapted for structural and functional connectivity analysis of the mouse brain, and we tested it in a mouse model of vascular dementia.

Results:

We observed lacunar infarctions, microbleeds, and progressive white matter change across 6 months. For the first time, we report that default mode network activity is disrupted in the mouse model. We also identified specific functional circuitry that was vulnerable to vascular stress, including perturbations in a sensorimotor, visual resting state network that were accompanied by deficits in visual and spatial memory tasks.

Conclusions:

These findings advance our understanding of the mouse connectome and provide insight into how it can be altered by vascular insufficiency.
Predictors of Bullying, Cyberbullying and Victimization: Review of Current Research
Authors: Gorlova NatalyaV. , Bochaver Аleksandra А. , Khlomov Kirill D.
Published: February 2022

Background. Despite the prevalence of school bullying in Russia and data on the severity of the consequences for its participants, the Russian-language scientifi c literature lacks a systematic understanding of the prerequisites for bullying, which could serve as the basis for practical developments aimed at preventing bullying in educational organizations. Th is article aims to fi ll this gap and systematize longitudinal, regression and meta-analytic studies of predictors of bullying, cyberbullying and victimization. Objective. Th e purpose of the article is to systematize data on predictors of school bullying and to model its escalation in school environment. To achieve this goal, a search, selection and theoretical analysis of a number of articles published over the past 5 years was carried out. Results. Th e performed theoretical analysis allows us to model the development of school bullying. Th e complex of individual-personal and environmental factors that increase the risk of bullying and victimization includes external behavioral and internal manifestations of schoolchildren, thoughts and judgements about themselves and others, social skills, personality traits, features of social contacts, perception of the school climate. Also, the risk factors can be attributed to a weak sense of belonging to school, a lack of support from peers and teachers, the peculiarity of social contacts and norms in the classroom. Th e peculiarities of upbringing and communication in the family and the attitude of parents of schoolchildren to aggression also play an important role in the emergence and escalation of bullying. Conclusion. Th e work carried out streamlines disparate ideas about the premises of bullying into a coherent picture that refl ects the complex nature of bullying predictors, and can be used as the basis for the development of preventive programs.
Contribution of Psychological Characteristics to Self-Regulation in Adolescents Engaged in Science
Authors: Yakushina Anastasia A. , Aslanova Margarita S. , Larina Victoria V. , Veraksa Aleksander N.
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Due to the rapidly changing living conditions, self-regulation skills are the most important components of personality that allow to adapt to reality faster and organize activities inthe most successful way. Th is becomes especially relevant for teenagers who are involved in a large number of classes and projects, in addition to their main activities at school. Objectiveis to study the features of regulatory functions and their interrelations with various personality characteristics in adolescents engaged in scientifi c activities. Study. Th e study involved 78 adolescents aged 14–17 years (Mage = 15, 96; SDage = 1.01) who were trained in the framework of the “Big Challenges” project of the SIRIUS educational Center in the direction of “Science’ in 2021. Several methods aimed at studying self-regulation, stress levels, subjective well-being and perfectionism in adolescents were chosen as diagnostic tools. Results. It was shown that the level of self-regulation of adolescents in activity is better developed than their level of emotional self-regulation. It was also demonstrated that the level of general self-regulation in adolescents involved in science is signifi cantly interrelated with indicators of resilience and self-directed perfectionism. Conclusion. Th e study confi rmed the importance of studying the features of self-regulation in adolescents and revealed the need to develop practical recommendations for their development.