bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negalia ir lytis. Fiziškai neįgalių moterų moteriškumo sampratos
Authors: Šėporaitytė Deimantė
Published: January 2019

Analyzing twelve semi-structured interviews with physically disabled women and the data collected at the summer camp of the Lithuanian Paraplegia Association in Monciškės and at the show “Miss Disability 2005, the article focuses on the peculiarities of the disabled women’s femininity. The article also uses several texts from the Lithuanian nerve-muscle sickness journal “Nendrelė” and life stories of young disabled women published in the youth magazine “Panelė.” The interview material enables us to conclude that most physically disabled women perceive femininity traditionally. In their view, a capability to carry out “feminine” household duties, physical beauty and a “soft” character are the main features of a woman. Internalizing normative body ideals, most disabled young women attempt to disguise their disability. The informants encounter the society’s negative attitude towards them, particularly with regard to their sexuality and motherhood. However, the data of our research reveals that the real life of physically disabled contradicts the established public attitude towards them. Most of them consider sexuality and partnership as a normal part of their lives.
Pirminis, antrinis ir esamas tretinis lietuvių tautinio identiteto suvokimas: antropologinė perspektyva
Authors: De Munck Victor C.
Published: January 2019

The term ‘national identity’ implies homogeneity, but field research shows that the members of a nation are very heterogeneous in their conceptions of their own national identity. How then can we speak of a national identity when there is significant diversity among the members of a nation? I rely on concepts of ‘first order’ and ‘second order’ components of identity to resolve this question. First order concepts are constructed from the top down by the cultural elite and second order concepts are precipitates of behavior from the bottom up through personal experiences. I also rely on the importance of situated knowledge as the way identity is understood in social practice. Situated knowledge used by ego in social interactions. Situated knowledge creates a common national (or cultural) identity when ego knows not only that alter knows what ego knows but that ego “knows that alter knows that ego knows that alter knows.” It is this third order “Knowing” that creates, expresses, and maintains a national identity that is actually practiced in everyday life. I conclude by noting that a socially just inclusive model of national identity has to be based on this “third order” understanding of national identity.
Gerinant policijos ir žiniasklaidos santykius Serbijoje
Authors: Kešetović Želimir
Published: January 2019

In the introduction author underlines the utmost importance of good relations between the police and the community. As social reality in contemporary world is predominantly constructed by the mass media, they also play very important role in public perception of the police and in creating its image. On the other hand, the police is in the focus of media attention due to the fact that we live in “risk society”, where people are rather concerned for their safety and security. In that context mutual relations are important both for the police and the media. However, there are some general and universal problems that emerge in police-media relations due to structural factors that shape both professions. Author describes police and media relations during the system of personal rule that existed in Serbia during (1989-2000), in which the freedom of the press was seriously endangered, and the police was responsible only to the ruling elite. The police used mass media that were under the direct influence of the ruling party as their loud­ speakers, while the independent media were discriminated against and, from time to time, openly censored. Communications between police and the media were unilateral and one-way, while the public were treated as an object of influence. After the democratic changes in October 2000, the new democratic government launched extensive reforms in an attempt to establish rule of law and democratic institutions. As the police was one of the main pillars of the non-democratic regime, its reform was of utmost importance. In the context of overall reforms to make a shift from police force to police service, it was also necessary to change police-media relations. The tempo and results of the reform process was rather fast until the assassination of Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić in March 2002. Later on the process underwent a backlash, due to the new political conditions. With Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe–OSCE, as a strategic partner, the project of improving police-media relations was launched in 2005. The first phase of the project included assessment of contemporary media and police relations in Serbia through a series of roundtable discussions organized in various regions of the country. Major findings of the actual problems in these relations, from the viewpoint of the journalist and police officers, are presented in the paper, as well as some system obstacles and recommendations for further improvement.
Įkalinimas Lietuvoje: praktika ir prasmė
Authors: Sakalauskas Gintautas
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to analyse the practice of sentencing in Lithuania, its changes and tendencies. The incanceration rates in Lithuania are one of the highest among the European Countries despite the minor difference in reported crime rates. The questions the dominant "corrective" conception and suggest that clearly defined purpose of re-socialization could the grounds to reform the system of imprisonment.
Atstatomasis teisingumas kaip efektyvios nusikaltimų kontrolės priemonė ir įkalinimo alternatyva: konfliktas kaip nusikaltusio asmens savybė
Authors: Płatek Monika
Published: January 2019

The article presents the route of restorative justice in Poland – from the very idea towards its implementation in criminal law, criminal procedures, and also as an alternative for imprisonment. It discusses the processes of the development of mediation institute and other forms of restorative justice in Poland, emphasizing the problems that have been faced and the ways to overcome those difficulties. It also stresses the possible dangers that, the author argues, we are not willing to see yet. Perceiving a crime as a conflict, and conflict as property that should belong to parties involved in it, the author points out to the danger within benign developments of ratio­nal policy, which might also lead to stealing the conflict from those it belongs to. Voting for more severe punishment and, thus, using victims as a pretext for making criminal law to serve political interests – is one of the identified risks. So the article, on one side, highlights the importance to keep restorative idea and practice as a tool to help the victims to regain their voices, and on the other – to be able to see a human being in a person who committed an offence. Other important agents in the mediation process are mediators. They should also be aware of the dangers and do everything to prevent themselves from stealing the conflict and act like those who share the space and life in Vidaråsen. Thus, Conflict as property will be just like a warning for us to leave the room for victim’s and other party’s wants and needs.
Teleologija ir utopija Alasdairo MacIntyre'o etikoje ir politikoje
Authors: Bielskis Andrius
Published: January 2019

The paper explores Alasdair MacIntyre’s political philosophy vis-à-vis his critique of the Enlightenment project and of modernity. MacIntyre’s political thought in the Anglo-American academic world is often reduced to his critique of the critique of the institution of modern nation state. The paper provides a critique of such reductionionist interpretation. It argues that MacIntyre’s critique of modern liberal democracy will not be properly understood without taking into account his conceptions of teleology and utopia.
Jaunųjų miesto profesionalų gyvenimo stiliaus naracijos
Authors: Černevičiūtė Jūratė
Published: January 2019

The article presents the data of the qualitative research (namely deep, semi-structured interview) that was performed in 2005-2006 in Vilnius city. The aim of the research was to find out what are lifestyles narratives of young urban career professionals and did the consumer culture has influence on identities and lifestyles of Yuppies. There are done comparison between Yuppie‘s lifestyles representations in USA popular media and consumer behavior textbooks and peculiarities of Vilnius Yuppies lifestyles. Also are done comparisons between business people’s representations in Lithuanian popular media and lifestyles in Vilnius Yuppie narratives. The main attention is paid to identify job, professional careers and consumer culture elements in Yuppie‘s life. The findings of the article represent Yuppie as more career seekers than conspicuous consumption practitioners or consumer lifestyles leaders, which main identities and values are realized in professional jobs.
Studija apie Lietuvos ir Rusijos santykius, arba kodėl mes dar ilgai neturėsime „normalių” santykių su Rusija
Authors: Jakniūnaitė Dovilė
Published: January 2019

Review: Vitkus, Gediminas. 2006. Diplomatinė aporija: tarptautinė Lietuvos ir Rusijos santykių normalizacijos perspektyva. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla.
Globalizacija ir intelektualo atsakomybė II
Authors: Mickūnas Algis
Published: January 2019

The question of intellectual responsibility in confrontation with globalization is the philosophical question from Socratic to modern philosophies. In brief, it is impossible to practice philosophy and not to raise this question. It is well known that Socrates stood his ground unto death with the demand that he and others have a duty to interrogate all claims to truth regardless of their origin. Intellectual honesty was for him a requirement to keep open the discursive domain – called the polis – wherein the search for truth could be pursued. This means that the task of philosophy as such is identical with the maintenance of an open polis wherein all theories and propositions can be tested and contested. Hence, when we raise the question of the responsibility of the intellectual, we must recall the task for philosophy set by Socrates. Yet our situation is quite different from that of classical Athens. We are confronted by modern philosophy in its ontological and metaphysical guises that require a serious consideration whether we can even think of the relationship between intellectual and responsibility. It is our task, then, to consider what sort of position will open up for an intellectual that would be worthy of philosophy.
E. Durkheimo ir M. Foucault idėjos sintetinėje D. Garlando bausmės teorijoje
Authors: Gavėnaitė Aušra
Published: January 2019

The article presents American penologist’s David Garland’s social theory of punishment. The main aim is to show the background of his ideas and the theoretical foundations of his studies. Article shows what ideas of E. Durkheim and M. Foucault have been introduced into penal theory of American penologist. Article describes and highlights these aspects: E. Durkheim regards punishment as an outcome of collective consciousness and gives tools for its sociological analysis; theoretical approach of M. Foucault shows punishment as the tool of power in disciplinary society of the XXth century. These ideas on punishment were neatly synthesized and introduced into D. Garland’s approach to punishment. Article also analyses the concept of “culture of control” that is suggested by D. Garland to name the culture of crime prevention field in the second half of the XXth century. This analysis makes a conclusion that punishment is not the tool of crime control in a narrow penal sense but has wider social and cultural background.
Viešosios erdvės bei pilietinės visuomenės europėjimas ir dialogo kultūros puoselėjimas: tinkamo nuotolio sąvoka
Authors: Wessels Bridgette
Published: January 2019

An ideal-type public sphere provides space for public debate regarding what makes for a ‘good society’, and for consideration of the issues involved in the development and sustainability of such a society. In general terms these debates are historically situated and nationally understood. Current developments in the process of fostering some development in the Europeanization of public spheres raise specific questions, such as: what are the obstacles for creating European public spheres that are inclusive for different groups in Europe? What is the role of the media in constructing civic cultures in Europe? To gain an understanding of the dynamics of the role of the media in relation to civil society involves understanding the ways in which the media and participation are culturally embedded and understood in late modernity and in the expansion of the European Union. Within Europe, cultural distinctiveness emerges through differences in ways of life and their respective institutional expression as well as personal and group identity formations. Dewey’s (1939) claim that society is realised through communication allows one to explore the question of cultural expression and dialogue in tracing the articulation of cultures within a changing Europe. The framework of analysis is that of ‘communication spaces’ of digital media and mass media in relation to the dynamics of participation. The paper draws on comparative European research of migrant and minority communities within Europe as well as more settled communities in Europe. The case studies show how mass media and new media are differentially appropriated within various contexts of use. The concept of ‘proper distance’ (Silverstone 2007) is used to explore these developments and to analyse the role of the media more generally in a changing Europe. Proper distance includes issues such as hospitality, responsibility and trust in the mediation of public and everyday life. It critically assesses the capacity of current mainstream mediato engender dialogue between the peoples of Europe with a focus on fostering respect and understanding in the creation of inclusive public spheres in the context and contradictions of Europeanization.
Pilietiškumas ir pilietinis aktyvumas šiandieninėje Bulgarijoje: (ne-) europietiški matmenys
Authors: Popinanov Boris
Published: January 2019

This paper presents some theses on the development of citizenship issues in Bulgaria in recent decades. A working notion of citizenship is proposed in correspondence with the modern achievements of the theory. The historical context of the concept is briefly outlined bringing forth the formulation of two major problems. The discourse of rights is analyzed as both a basis of and an internal limitation on developing contemporary citizenship framework. The Bulgarian case is considered through the prism of the pre-democratic heritage and the consequences of the democratic change to the modification of state-citizens relationship. The protest activity is proved to be the key manifestation of civic activism. In the light of this, two illustrating examples are provided so that the character, the direction, the depth and the main elementsof change can be traced. At the end, some conclusions on perspectives of citizenship are made.
Šiuolaikinė sociologijos teorija (I)
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to identify and critically assess the key concepts, ideas, and the epistemological principles of the contemporary sociological theory. Although the concept of “theory” has deep roots in the social sciences, Lithuanian theoretical sociology find itself in a position where it cannot significantly affect the nation’s intellectual agenda. The problem is that the theoretical sociology is identified with the role of the ‘under laborer’. Although there is a thriving industry of applied investigations within the discipline of sociology, not much attention has been focused on the theoretical sociology. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the scheme of the old historicism uncritically corresponds to the optimistic perspective of the new historicism. The article points out to an urgent need to re-think the perspectives of sociological theory for contemporary times. The article concludes with discussion of criteria in the assessment of status and value of theoretical sociology.
Tautos istorijos simboliai Lietuvos gyventojų tautinėje vaizduotėje: herojų įvaizdžiai ir jų kaita
Authors: Šutinienė Irena
Published: January 2019

The article concerns the issues of the symbolic re-imagination of the nation – how the symbols of the national narrative of Lithuanian past are re-constructed in the popular imagination of the society and its groups. The popular reception and interpretations of the images of the heroes of the narrative of national history as well as trends of their change are analysed on the basis of the data of longitudinal quantitative research conducted in 1991, 1992 and 2007. The questions of the authority of the traditional heroes in the conditions of the erosion of metanarratives, the trends of changes of popular interpretations of the heroes, the tendencies of continuity and discontinuity of those interpetations as well as the divisive and unifying potential of the popular images of the heroes are examined in the analysis. Though the symbolic power of the images of national heroes is less than in 1991–1992, they still evoke sentiments and exert influence. The tendencies of erosion of traditional myths as well as continuity of the basic structures of the “pantheon” of Lithuanian heroes as well as the tendencies of hybridization of popular narratives of Lithuanians and Polish minority are observed. The contradictory interpretations of some images by Poles and Lithuanians seem to function as the relicts of memory of interwar conflict mostly located in the collective memory of the older generations living in the regions that former belonged to Poland.
Išorės grėsmės Europos vienybei: lyginamoji elitų požiūrių studija
Authors: Matonytė Irmina , Morkevičius Vaidas
Published: January 2019

One of the important constituents of common identity is a perception of the same external others as threats. Therefore, European identity construction should be grounded in similar perceptions of threats and European elites – a group having the most important influence on the construction of the common European identity – should share similar perceptions of these threats. In this study elites’ perception of 3 potential external threats to the cohesion of the EU have been investigated: enlargement of the EU to include Turkey, close relationships between some EU countries and the United States, and interference of Russia in European affairs. Analysis of the Belgian, German, Polish and Lithuanian elite survey data shows that the most abstract level there is no common European identity constructed across the selected European states. It appeared that distinct European identities emerge along the new-old EU member-states divide. At the same time, individual level factors such as elite left-right self-identification, different visions of the role and future of the EU as well as type of the preferred national identity (achieved vs. ascribed) significantly shape perceptions of external threats and therefore constitute the grounds for the formation of distinct European identities.
Atotolio šeima daugiavietiškumo požiūriu
Authors: Juozeliūnienė Irena , Leonavičiūtė Živilė
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on sociological research of Families with parents abroad as multilocal parents-children variations, situated in several households in different countries. At first theoretical background is discussed. Basing on the ideas of social construction families are viewed as multilocal social constructs. The article discloses that „delocation“ of familial partnerships from national context results in the demitologization of organic relationships between families and nation states. The issues of globalized identities, new sources of social stigma as well as application of various terms are discussed. The second part of the article focuses on the results of sociological research, carried out in the Lithuanian town Pabrade. The authors aim to answer the questions whether Families with parents abroad, forced by labour migration, are classified as families? What makes the social group be classified as a family? What is the social reception of Families with parents abroad and explanation of this reception?
Lyčių atotrūkis ir patriarchato raiška Baltijos valstybėse. Lietuvos ypatumai
Authors: Žvinklienė Alina
Published: January 2019

Gender issues within the EU are so diverse and differentiated that it is not easy to make valid generalizations even for the Baltic States as a single geopolitical region. However one may say that the tradition of patriarchy was never interrupted either in the Baltic States nor anywhere else. The spirit of patriarchy is imbedded in culture and it consequently affects structures of social institutions as well as individuals, both women and men. In this article gender equality policies in the Baltic States since the twentieth century are discussed. The case of the Baltic States proves again that at present gender equality policies provide the best way forward for democratization of patriarchy although the rhetoric and the formal practice of legal equal rights and opportunities entails more dissembled and sophisticated forms of informal women’s discrimination. The case of Lithuania proves again that only permanent collective efforts of politically active women can influence at least public reflection on gender inequality issues that stimulate authorities to adopt advanced gender equality legislation.
Moters mokslininkės įvaizdis Lietuvos moksleivių akimis
Authors: Urbonienė Aistė
Published: January 2019

Sector of technological and physical sciences is exceptionally male professional area and it is rather difficult for women to become professionals in this field. Professional gender stereotypes is one of the main reasons that impact attitudes towards women in this male area. This paper aims to identify images of female scientist in the field of technological and physical sciences among Lithuanian teenagers. The sample consisted of 1398 respondents (58 % females and 42 % males). Qualitative content analysis was used in this study.

The study showed that four images of the female scientist are dominating among teenagers: attractive and competent scientist, unattractive scientist, sexually looking scientist and neutrally looking scientist. The results of the empirical analysis indicated that stereotypical evaluations and even discriminating attitudes are more characteristic for the male respondents while female respondents use to evaluate the female scientist neutrally or even idealized.
Trys tarpgeneracinių santykių koncepcijos ir jų kritiniai atgarsiai
Authors: Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė Margarita
Published: January 2019

Due to demographic, economical, social and cultural changes the question of intergenerational relationships is acquiring more attention from family researchers. This article aims to present and asses the critical aspects of contemporary theoretical perspectives, explaining intergenerational relationships. First of all, the relevance of theoretical perspective in the context of social change is presented and the question of intergenerational relationships from historical perspective is shortly analysed. Secondly, three sociological perspectives (solidarity, conflict and ambivalence) which offer different ways to analyse intergenerational relationships are analysed and critical aspects are revealed. Finally, the analysis and critiques of theoretical perspectives allows concluding that in order to see the complete picture of intergenerational relationships the combination of different perspectives or formation of alternative ones are necessary.
Vyresnio amžiaus žmonės Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje: naivūs, kenčiantys ir bejėgiai
Authors: Rapolienė Gražina
Published: January 2019

The world shaped by the media is taken over by its audience. The media homogenizes different views, influences age identity of individuals and attitudes towards their own and other age groups. Western research reports under-representation of elderly, especially women, and they are often portrayed negatively in physical, psychological and social sense. In this paper images of elderly in 396 publications of 2007 on the internet portal Delfi are analyzed. Contrary to the Western trends, elderly women here are more often represented than men. Dominating criminal reports, as previously, create the image of victims – weak, naive, harmed elderly, accentuated by the trends of old age institutionalization. Positive pole in the Lithuanian media is represented by the image of fighters, public figures, deportees (instead of Western healthy leisure class representative image).
Negalia kaip biografinis lūžis
Authors: Viluckienė Jolita
Published: January 2019

This article explores physical disability as biographical disruption caused to persons confined to a wheel-chair after the unexpected cerebral trauma or palsy. Their personal narratives based on the qualitative in-depth interviews suggest that they perceive disability as the subjective reality that shook their world to its foundations, provoked a breakdown of their everyday taken for granted word, disrupted the routine of social practices, redefined their social roles and divided their biographies into two periods: “before” the disability and “after” it. Disability, as it insinuates into biography, is perceived not only as a bodily substance, but it also transforms personal and social identity and requires, through resocialization process, to recreate the meaningful structures of the reality and provide a new valid justification for this reality. Thus, the disability becomes a significant factor that shapes the further biographical situation, as in many cases, impaired physical mobility elicits changes in lifestyle, profession and employment, attitudes to him/herself and to others as well as value orientations.
Lietuviškojo identiteto trajektorijos
Authors: Savoniakaitė Vida
Published: January 2019

Review: Vytis Čiubrinskas, Jolanta Kuznecovienė (eds.). 2008.

Lietuviškojo identiteto trajektorijos, Kaunas: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.
Sociologijos kelio tyrimų peizažai. Teorijos ir empirikos santykis 17-ajame Pasaulio sociologijos kongrese
Authors: Žilinskaitė Viktorija
Published: January 2019

Attempts to analyse entire Congress of Sociology, whether European, whether World can only sound naïve. The article focuses on relations between sociological theory, social critics and empirical research. The XVII ISA World Congress of Sociology is used as reflection contemporary sociological field. The article concentrates on few of trends in sociology that may lead to enlargement of focus of sociological research or re-establishing of borders of sociology. It depends on success of the researches and strength of emerging theories. Strength in explanatory terms is not enough for today’s sociology. Sociology rather needs the strength to break institutional pressures tying sociology to power-serving routines and everyday common practices demanding applicable product. The article by no way argues that applicability or routines are vain or valueless. It, on contrary, notices that lots of established theories emerged form abundance of empirical observations and applied researches, giving insights for frontier researches, although not all empirical surveys lead to theory creation.
Kondratjevo bangos ir kapitalizmo tipai
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: January 2019

The paper presents new evolutionary typology of capitalism in outline. This typology is grounded in the Marxist conception of the mode of production that considers as distinguishing features of a mode of production the character of the production forces and that of the property relations for means of production. However, the thesis of K. Marx is rejected that capitalist relation of production are no more adeaquate to production forces. Instead, the view is substantiated that the development of the production forces causes the replacement of one capitalist mode of production by another capitalist mode of production. In the analysis of the development of production forces under capitalism, the ideas of Nikolai Kondratieff and Joseph A. Schumpeter on long business cycles are used. In the development of the production forces since industrial revolution in the late XVIII century, 5 technological economical paradigms are distinguished. Each of them is foundation of a separate capitalist mode of production. 5 capitalist modes of production corresponding to the 5 long Kondratieff waves are main evolutionary types of capitalism. They are (1) local capitalism of individual and family enterprise owners; (2) local capitalism of small and middle closed joint stock companies (corporations); (3) national capitalism of big private corporations; (4) state regulated national capitalism of poblic corporations; (5) globalized transnational capitalism of investition funds. These

types can be differentiated into subtypes, like liberal market and coordinated capitalism for type (4). This typology is most adequate for the analysis of the economic life in the advanced countries. In the analysis of the social economic reality from the periphery and semiperiphery of the contemporary world capitalist system, the types of political oligarchic, state and state monopolist capitalism are more useful.
Socialinių judėjimų vaidmuo formuojant viešąjį klimato kaitos diskursą ir žinojimą
Authors: Jamison Andrew , Rinkevičius Leonardas
Published: January 2019

The article is aimed at discussing the role of social movements in shaping the climate change knowledge and public discourse from the perspective of social movement theory, which has been relatively neglected in the scientific literature on climate change and knowledge. The article reviews relevant studies and theories of social movements with special attention to the role of knowledge making in social movements. It discusses the shaping and identity of social movements and relations between social movements and climate change knowledge from the 1970s to the present. The paper traces the emergence of climate change as an issue of public concern within the context of the environmental movements of the 1970s and 1980s. By contrast, paper argues that climate

skepticism was shaped, in significant ways, by the neo-conservative and neo-nationalist movements that grew to political significance in the 1980s and 1990s. The neo-liberal movements of the 1990s and 2000s – albeit providing controversial views, food for public debates and narrowing the discourse to cost-benefit based approaches to climate change - are seen to have helped shaping the recent rise to public attention of climate change as an overarching political problem. In the concluding section, the article discusses how concerns with “climate justice” have emerged as part of a social movement for global justice, and contrasts the different social movements that have affected and influenced the making of climate change knowledge.
Pietų Amerikos visuomeninių sąjūdžių tyrimų sociologija ir epistemologija
Authors: Scribano Adrian
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to show that changes in social-scientific approaches are needed as a way to explain and understand social protest and movements in the South American context; it also aims to point up the possibilities for getting lost in the logic of a geo-politically centred rationality. To this end, first, I will summarise the social context of different social movements and protest forms since the 60s. Second, I will present a synthesis of the theoretical perspectives on social protest and movements. Third, I will highlight some epistemological and methodological issues in studies on collective action. And finally I will explore the connection between the historical context and studies of collective action in South America today, in order to identify a current agenda for such studies.
Nematomas miestas, arba Geriausio Klaipėdos kultūros gido paieškos
Authors: Gedutis Aldis
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to find the best guide to Klaipeda’s culture. “Guide” means an appropriate narrative, which constructs urban and cultural identity. The main questions are to be answered: How Klaipeda’s culture changed from 1990 to 2010? What is the best representation of cultural transformations in post-soviet Klaipeda? What kinds of narratives are told on Klaipeda’s culture? Who are their authors? What is their content? Are those narratives commensurable? Is it possible to find the most appropriate guide to Klaipeda’s culture? Four narratives are investigated: narratives provided by historian, writer, philosopher and journalists (with the help of experts and vox populi). Those narratives about Klaipeda’s culture are deconstructed applying Italo Calvino’s metaphor of invisible cities, i.e. the cities that never existed, do not exist anymore or do not exist yet. These narratives instead of dealing with reality of current situation project an invisible city, which manifests as orientation towards past or future; fiction or abstraction; lost or projected etc. Different perspectives analyzed are incommensurable; therefore, these narratives present Klaipeda as an invisible city.
„Pasidaryk pats“ kultūros reprezentacijos neformaliose jaunimo grupėse (pankų subkultūros atvejis)
Authors: Šatūnienė Reda
Published: January 2019

The main object of this paper is to present representations of DIY culture in Lithuanian non-commercial punk subculture. Ethnographic qualitative research methods were used to obtain empirical data, including interviews, questionnaires, analysis of group documents, audio and video recordings, etc, along with Clifford Geertz’s interpretative anthropological methods. The data was gathered between 2005-2008. During the research, 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews were undertaken. The analysis shows that anti-consumer values in Lithuanian subculture are closely connected with DIY culture. The appreciation of these attitudes derives from protest against ‘the system’, avoidance of the official bureaucratic apparatus and the belief among participants that everything that is done officially can be achieved equally well by themselves. The organisation of concerts, the making of fanzines and other events on the punk scene are based on the enthusiasm and voluntarism the those involved. Subcultural activity enables its members’ self-confidence, and constructs an active, conscious and critical self-image.
Nepragmatiški Lietuvos vyriškumai: praktikos ir fantazijos
Authors: Rusinaitė Viktorija
Published: January 2019

Review: Tereškinas, Artūras. 2011. Vyrų pasaulis: vyrai ir žaizdos vyriškumas Lietuvoje. Vilnius: Baltos lankos.
Profesinės veiklos lauko tyrimo ypatumai
Authors: Poviliūnas Arūnas
Published: January 2019

The article elaborates a programme based on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology for research into the field of professional activities. This programme is considered from the viewpoint of the development of the sociology of professions. The article analyses the different stages of the development of the sociology of professions and reveals how the typological and functionalistic concept of the profession and research into the professionalisation of occupations become interpretations of professional power. The author argues that the conceptual tools offered by Bourdieu (field, habitus and capital) usefully contribute to the investigation of professions as forms of professional power.
Mobilizuojančio komunikacijos tinklo plėtra: Sąjūdžio augimas Klaipėdoje 1988 m.
Authors: Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: January 2019

This article explores the structural conditions facilitating the rapid growth of public support for Sąjūdis (the Reform Movement of Lithuania) in Klaipeda in Autumn 1988. Here Sąjūdis is defined as a mobilising communication network; this concept opens the way for research into modes of information communication and for discussion of the issue of the efficiency of social networks. Methodologically, the study is based on the assumption that efficient communication of information within a social network involves reaching larger numbers of recipients, more effectively mobilises citizens for collective action, and increases the size and visibility of civic support. The growth of Sąjūdis is therefore treated as the development of a social communication network, where individualised channels of personal communication, which usually limit information-spread to the small-scale social networks of individuals, were transformed into more formalised modes and channels of communication. The argument is that the sudden growth of Sqjūdis support groups in Klaipeda should be treated not as a collective ideological awakening on a large scale, but rather as a cumulative effect of the formalisation of the movement. The formalisation of Sąjūdis expanded the social network beyond individualised channels of personal communication, solved legitimacy problems within the movement, opened channels for centralised information provision, and led to efficient management of mass support and collective actions. The article draws on materials published in both Sąjūdis and official media in 1988, on the internal records of the movement, and on interviews with former Sąjūdis leaders in Klaipeda.
Stipriųjų ir silpnųjų ryšių svarba protesto mobilizacijai: Sąjūdžio genezė ir raida 1987–1988 metais
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė
Published: January 2019

In analysing the dynamics and mechanisms of mass protest from 1987 to 1988 in Lithuania, this article explores what kind of social ties – strong or weak – are conducive to the mobilisation of collective action in a (post-)totalitarian society. The empirical analysis is based on data collected as part of the 2009-2011 research project ‘The Phenomenon of Sąjūdis: Network Analysis of a Civic Movement’. First, the article defines the distinction between strong and weak ties, and highlights the importance of social networks for the mobilisation of collective action. Second, it analyses the micro-structure of Lithuanian society in the Soviet period. Based on the type of network ties, three distinct social arenas are distinguished: underground society, alternative legal society and official society. Finally, the article analyses which of these arenas could be seen as the seedbed of the Sąjūdis movement. Also demonstrated is the distinct role of different kinds of social ties at different stages in the development of the movement.
Alfredas Schützas ir atviri fenomenologinės sociologijos horizontai: intersubjektyvumo konstitucija ir orientacija Tavęsp
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

The aim of this essay is to articulate and explicate the relations between sociological theory and the phenomenological approach. This is done in two parts: the first looks at Schutz’s attempts to articulate a constitutive phenomenology of the natural attitude; the second explicates the methodological postulates formulated by Schutz for the construction of social scientific constructs. It is suggested that the nature of the conventional sociological inquiry in Lithuania must be reconsidered if the subjective view of actor is to be retained as relevant to both philosophical and sociological inquiry.
Key words: a constitutive phenomenology of the natural attitude, Alfred Schutz, social theory, phenomenology in Lithuania, the three relevant horizons of social action: philosophy, sociology and culture.
Miesto erdvė ir subkultūrų dinamika Klaipėdoje 1991–2010 m. (2)
Authors: Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: January 2019

The main issue discussed in the article is relationship between urban spaces and subcultural identity: what empirical analysis of subcultural places say about social processes in a city? The present study is empirical reconstruction of the dynamics of musical subcultures as spatial phenomena in a post-Soviet city (Klaipeda, Lithuania) and covers two decades of rapid urban changes. In this issue of the journal is published the second part of the study, mainly focusing on spatial and stylistic differentiation of two subcultures - rock and electronic dance music – from 1997 till 2010. This period witness two stages of subcultural dynamics. In 1997–2002 subcultures leave public spaces and escapes from social control, what leads them to exploration and appropriation of new spaces for ritual performances. Rock music and the electronic dance music subcultures appropriates their own spaces in the city and don’t mix identity rituals together. 2003–2010 are marked by inner differentiation of subcultures, fragmentation, ideological purification of subcultural identity, and seclusion of ritual spaces. These transformation processes of subcultural identity and places in Klaipeda are interpreted within the bigger context of urban and ideological changes.Keywords: subculture, youth, urban space, subcultural identity, ideology, Klaipeda, post-Soviet, social changes.
Kartų solidarumas Lietuvoje: anūkų priežiūros įtaka senelių gerovei
Authors: Kraniauskienė Sigita , Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė Margarita
Published: January 2019

Using theories of intergenerational solidarity and conflict, and data from the Demographic Research Institute’s 2009 survey, ‘Gender and Generations’, this article analyses childcare support provided by grandparents in Lithuania. The survey results revealed that the most active grandparents are aged between 50 and 65, and that half of those grandparents participating in childcare also have a job. The most important factors determining grandparents’ participation in childcare are gender, marital status, subjective health and whether grandparents and grandchildren live together or separately. To assess the connection between grandparents’ well-being and their role in childcare, the Demographic Research Institute’s well-being index, linked to demographic processes, was employed. The results show that childcare provision is related only to some aspects of grandparents’ well-being; this article discusses the distribution of various aspects of wellbeing by the provision or non-provision of childcare and by other crucial predictors: the age, gender and employment status of grandparents.
Key words: grandparents, child care, well-being, multiple roles.
Sovietmečio atmintis šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje: ambivalentiškumas ar nostalgija?
Authors: Šutinienė Irena
Published: January 2019

The collective memories of Soviet era of Lithuanian adult population are analysed in the article. The analysis is based on the data of representative sociological survey, conducted by company „Baltijos tyrimai“ in 2012. The analysis reveals the ambivalence of the memories of Soviet era prevailing in popular memory: people express positive attitudes towards many aspects the Soviet era everyday life and simultaneously evaluate negatively political aspects of the Soviet regime. The Soviet era everyday is presented in people‘s memories as „apolitical“ and separated from political domain. The connections between attitudes towards Soviet past and contemporary contexts (attitudes towards the outcomes of democratization and indicators of social and economical position) reveal, that the memories of Soviet era are structured by generations in a great degree; there are also slight relations between positive (and nostalgic) memories of Soviet past and the social contexts of marginalization as well as feelings of marginalization. The slight relations of the memories of Soviet era to the contemporary social contexts and attitudes towards outcomes of democratization indicate, that positive memories of Soviet past are only partly nostalgic and are influenced by many other, among them individual, factors.
Normatyvinis ir funkcinis kartų solidarumas Lietuvoje
Authors: Kraniauskienė Sigita
Published: January 2019

Current discussions in European countries about welfare policy focus on the issue how rapid social changes undermine intergenerational solidarity as a basic precondition of personal wellbeing. Therefore, intergenerational solidarity becomes a very important research area to explore several issues: (1) functional solidarity, or how exchanges of mutual assistance and support are organized among different generations within family; (2) normative solidarity, or how attitudes of familism/defamilism strengthen/weaken reciprocal support of adult children and their parents and what are expectations towards state’s support for family. The article is a study about social attitudes concerning various welfare regimes, normative and functional solidarity in Lithuanian families. The empirical data is taken from the Generation and Gender Program survey done in Lithuania in 2009. In our analysis of functional intergenerational solidarity we cover three areas of mutual assistance: emotional support, material or financial support, and assistance in taking care of dependent family members – children and elders. The issue of normative solidarity in Lithuania is also explored within the international context and how attitudes about intergenerational solidarity might be interpreted as a functioning social norm.
Postkomunizmo transformacija: tarp liberalaus pliuralizmo ir demokratinės bendruomenės
Authors: Valantiejus Vaidotas
Published: January 2019

The main task of this article is to analyze complex relations between post-communism and democracy. More specifically, it aims to understand the interaction of two different forms of society: holistic and plu­ralistic. The article argues that post-communism is the hybrid condition that includes the alter ego of com­munism, liberalism and postmodernism. The reflection of triple relations is necessary for the autonomy of post-communism. The relationship between post-communism and communism is analyzed as the problem of post-totalitarianism, between post-communism and liberalism as the problem of democratic liberaliza­tion, and between post-communism and postmodernism as the problem of pluralisation of pluralism.
Kas ilgisi sovietmečio? Ekonominio statuso, socialinės aplinkos ir vertybinių nuostatų įtaka sovietinei – antisovietinei skirčiai Lietuvoje
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė
Published: January 2019

While more than 20 years have passed from the collapse of the Soviet regime, the Lithuanian society is still deeply divided by different attitudes towards the life in the former regime. The soviet – anti-soviet atti­tudes allow predicting voting behavior of the Lithuanian electorate far better than any other socioeconomic or attitudinal factor. The goal of the article is to explore the determinants of the attitudes toward the soviet past of the Lithuanian citizens. The article tests the hypotheses based on the theory of political cleavages using the data of the 2012 post-electoral survey. The results of the logistic regression demonstrate that the attitudes towards the soviet past are explained by the change of social status rather than current economic position of inhabitants. Moreover, personal social networks and the experience of political mobilization in the late 1980-ies are much better predictors of the anti-soviet attitudes than socioeconomic factors. Finally, ideological beliefs appeared to have independent impact on the anti-soviet stance.