bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding phenotyping algorithm on electronic health records
Authors: Yap Aaron Jun Yi , Teo Desmond , ANG Pei San , Yap Eng Soo , Tan Siew Har , Loke Celine Wei Ping , Dorajoo Sreemanee
Published: April 2024

Background: Bleeding is an important health outcome of interest
in epidemiological studies. We aimed to develop and validate rule-based
algorithms to identify major bleeding and all bleeding within real-world
electronic healthcare data. Methods: We took a random sample
(n=1630) of patient admissions to Singapore public hospitals in 2019 and
2020, stratifying by hospital and year of admission. We adopted the
International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis definition for major
bleeding. Presence of major bleeding and all bleeding was ascertained by
two annotators through chart review. A total of 630 and 1,000 records
were used for algorithm development and validation, respectively. We
formulated two algorithms: sensitivity- and positive predictive value
(PPV)-optimized algorithms. A combination of hemoglobin test patterns
and diagnosis codes were used in the final algorithms. Results:
During validation, diagnosis codes alone yielded low sensitivities for
major bleeding (0.14) and all bleeding (0.24), although specificities
and PPV were high (>0.97). For major bleeding, the
sensitivity-optimized algorithm had much higher sensitivity and negative
predictive values (NPV) (sensitivity=0.94, NPV=1.00), however false
positive rates were also relatively high (specificity=0.90, PPV=0.34).
PPV-optimized algorithm had improved specificity and PPV
(specificity=0.96, PPV=0.52), with little reduction in sensitivity and
NPV (sensitivity=0.88, NPV=0.99). For all bleeding events, our
algorithms had less optimal performances, with lower sensitivities (0.53
to 0.61). Conclusions: The use of diagnosis codes alone misses
many genuine major bleeding events. We have developed major bleeding
algorithms with high sensitivities which can be used in conjunction with
chart reviews to ascertain events within populations of interest.
Recent advances on amelioration of angiogenic molecules and metastasis through phyto-analogs
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Vikas , Das Rohit , Gupta Tanishka
Published: April 2024

Cancer in the broader sense refers to more than 277 different types of
cancer disease. Cancer; is the second leading cause of death, affecting
the health of all human societies. Elevated proliferation, angiogenesis,
invasion, and metastasis are the hallmarks of cancer. Angiogenesis is a
double-edged sword; it is a mechanism that defines the edge between
health and disease. Despite its central role in physiological
homeostasis, it provides the oxygen and nutrition needed by tumor cells
to proceed from dormancy if pro-angiogenic factors tip the balance in
favor of tumor angiogenesis. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
is a prominent target among pro-angiogenic factors, in therapeutic
methods due to its strategic involvement in the formation of anomalous
tumor vasculature. Manipulation in effector molecules like VEGF, PDGF,
Integrin αvβ3, FGF, and Eph-B4/ephrin-B2 have played an important role
in inhibiting angiogenesis followed by reduced tumor growth and it’s
spread. Secondary metabolites such as baicalin, capsaicin, quercetin,
EGCG, and lycopene have been found to disrupt angiogenic mechanisms.
This work is an attempt to put up a comprehensive approach to
understanding the impact of angiogenesis in cancer invasion and their
amelioration through phyto-analogs.
Dry, drier, driest: Differentiating flow patterns across a gradient of intermittency
Authors: Kelly Benjamin T. , Bruckerhoff Lindsey A.
Published: April 2024

Intermittent streams exhibit regular patterns of drying and are
widespread, but the patterns of drying between geographically close
streams are not fully understood. We compared annual patterns of flow
and drying among ten intermittent streams within a single drainage basin
and determined how traditional hydrologic metrics described variation
between streams. We installed stream intermittency sensors and evaluated
stage height using low-cost methods. We evaluated landscape factors as
potential drivers of flow patterns. Intermittent streams varied based on
both high and low flow metrics, driven by a variety of landscape level
factors, especially watershed size. Additionally, we compared the
observed flow regimes within our system with an established soil and
water assessment tool, finding that modeled streamflow patterns
generally underrepresented observed drying within the system.
Full-length title: Sequencing and characterization of human bocavirus genomes from patients diagnosed in Southern France between 2017 and 2022
Authors: Scola Bernard La , Hikmat Houmadi , Targa Lorlane Le , Boschi Celine , PY Justine , BEDOTTO Marielle , Morand Aurélie , Cassir Nadim , Aherfi Sarah , Colson Philippe
Published: April 2024

The diversity and evolution of the genomes of Human Bocavirus (HBoV),
which causes respiratory diseases, have been scarcely studied. Here, we
aimed to obtain and characterize HBoV genomes from patients’s
nasopharyngeal samples collected between 2017-2022 period (five years).
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) used Illumina technology after having
implemented using GEMI an in-house multiplex PCR amplification strategy.
Genomes were assembled and analyzed with CLC Genomics, Mafft, BioEdit,
MeV, Nextclade, MEGA, and iTol. A total of 213 genomes were obtained.
Phylogeny classified them all as of Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) species. Five
HBoV1 genotypes determined by hierarchical clustering analysis of 27
variable genome positions were scattered over the study period although
with differences in yearly prevalence. A total of 167 amino acid
substitutions were detected. Besides, coinfection was observed for 52%
of the samples, rhinoviruses then adenoviruses (HAdVs) being the most
common viruses. Principal component analysis showed that HBoV1 genotype
α tended to be significantly correlated with HAdV co-infection.
Subsequent HAdV typing for HBoV1-positive samples and negative controls
demonstrated that HAdVC species predominated but HAdVB was that
significantly HBoV1-associated. Overall, we described here the first
HBoV1 genomes sequenced for France. HBoV1 and HAdVB association deserves
further investigation.
Process Debt: Definition, Risks and Management
Authors: Martini Antonio , Stray Viktoria , Besker Terese , Moe Nils , Bosch Jan
Published: April 2024

Context: Process Debt, like Technical Debt, can be a source of
short-term benefits but often is harmful in the long term for a software
organization. Nonetheless, information about Process Debt is scarce in
the current literature. Objective: This paper aims to define
Process Debt, describe its occurrence with associated risks, and show
examples of mitigation strategies. Method: Firstly, we conducted
an exploratory study of Process Debt in four international organizations
by interviewing 16 practitioners. Then, we validated and extended the
findings with a cross-company focus group with additional 10
practitioners. Finally, we analyzed 58 additional observations and 35
interviews from a longitudinal case study. Results: The findings
show that Process Debt can be a harmful phenomenon that needs attention.
We provide a framework and a definition, and report causes, consequences
and occurrence patterns over time of Process Debt. We present mitigation
strategies and which ones need further attention for future research.
Conclusions: The debt metaphor may help companies understand how
to manage and improve their processes and make process-related decisions
that are beneficial both in the short and long term.
A novel gravity wave transport parametrization for global chemistry climate models: description and validation
Authors: Guarino Maria Vittoria , Gardner Chester S. , Feng Wuhu , Funke Bernd , García-Comas Maya , Puertas Manuel Lopez , Kupilas Marcin M , Marsh Daniel R , Plane John Maurice Campbell
Published: April 2024

The gravity wave drag parametrization of the Whole Atmosphere Community
Climate Model (WACCM) has been modified to include the wave-driven
atmospheric vertical mixing caused by propagating, non-breaking, gravity
waves. The strength of this atmospheric mixing is represented in the
model via the “effective wave diffusivity” coefficient K_wave. Using
K_wave, a new total dynamical diffusivity K_Dyn is defined. K_Dyn
represents the vertical mixing of the atmosphere by both breaking
(dissipating) and vertically propagating (non-dissipating) gravity
waves. Here we show that, when the new diffusivity is used, the downward
fluxes of Fe and Na between 80 and 100 km largely increase. Larger
meteoric ablation injection rates of these metals (within a factor 2 of
measurements) can now be used in WACCM, which produce Na and Fe layers
in good agreement with lidar observations. Mesospheric
CO is also significantly impacted, with the largest
CO concentration increase occurring between 80-90 km,
where model-observations agreement improves. However, in regions where
the model overestimates CO concentration, the new
parametrization exacerbates the model bias. The mesospheric cooling
simulated by the new parametrization, while needed, is currently too
strong almost everywhere. The summer mesopause in both hemispheres
becomes too cold by about 30K compared to observations, but it shifts
upward, partially correcting the WACCM low summer mesopause. Our results
highlight the far-reaching implications and the necessity of
representing vertically propagating gravity waves in climate models.
This novel method of modelling gravity waves contributes to growing
evidence that it is time to move away from dissipative-only gravity wave
parametrizations.
Benchmark Framework for Global River Model (Version 1.0)
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Yamazaki Dai , Revel Menaka , Zhao Gang , Modi Prakat
Published: April 2024

Global River Models (GRMs), which simulate river flow and flood
processes, have rapidly developed in recent decades. However, these
advancements necessitate meaningful and standardized quality assessments
and comparisons against a suitable set of observational variables using
appropriate metrics, a requirement currently lacking within GRM
communities. This study proposes the implementation of a benchmark
system designed to facilitate the assessment of river models and enables
comparisons against established benchmarks. The benchmark system
incorporates satellite remote sensing data, including water surface
elevation and inundation extent information, with necessary
preprocessing. Consequently, this evaluation system encompasses a larger
geographical area compared to traditional methods relying solely on
in-situ river discharge measurements for GRMs. A set of evaluation and
comparison metrics has been developed, including a quantile-based
comparison metric that allows for a comprehensive analysis of multiple
simulation outputs. The test application of this benchmark system to a
global river model (CaMa-Flood), utilizing diverse runoff inputs,
illustrates that the incorporation of bias-corrected runoff data leads
to improved model performance across various observational variables and
performance metrics. The current iteration of the benchmark system is
suitable for global-scale assessments and can effectively evaluate the
impact of model development as well as facilitate intercomparisons among
different models. The source codes are accessiable from
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10903211.
Intervju med Ismar Dedovic
Authors: Redaksjonen
Published: April 2024

Dette er det 6. intervjuet i tidsskriftets løpende Forskerhjørnet-serie.
Proximate and Physicochemical Analysis of Castor, Neem, and Waste Cooking Oils, and their Waste Seed-Cakes Post Oil Extraction as Potential Raw Materials for Biodiesel Production
Authors: MS Zubairu
Published: April 2024

In this study, proximate and physicochemical analysis of castor oil (CO), neem oil (NO), and waste cooking oil (WCO) is being investigated. The castor and neem seed oil were extracted using soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane as solvent with yields of 40.43% and 41.10% respectively. The results of the study indicated low moisture contents of 2.95% and 2.58% for castor and neem seed-cake/shell composite biomasses respectively. The castor seed-cake/shell composite biomass contained volatile matter (54.83%), ash content (7.85%), and fixed carbon (34.37%), while the neem seed-cake/shell composite biomass contained volatile matter (52.45%), ash content (12.74%), and fixed carbon (31.25%) respectively. The order of the proximate parameters in percentage for both castor and neem seed cake/shell composite biomasses is: Volatile Matter > Fixed Carbon > Ash Content > Moisture. Acid value is highest in the NO sample (14.95 mg KOH/g) than in the other two samples (CO (3.96 mg KOH/g) and WCO (3.93 mg KOH/g)). The NO sample had highest saponification value (198.17 mg KOH/g) and a low density (0.938 g/cm3) than the CO (181.48 mg KOH/g, 0.984 g/cm3) and WCO (184.29 mg KOH/g, 0.961 g/cm3) samples. The WCO (122.14 gI2/100g) sample had higher amount of unsaturated fatty acid compounds than NO (82.49 gI2/100g) and CO (80.39 gI2/100g) samples based on the iodine values obtained. The low moisture contents and significant amount of carbon contents in the two composite biomasses indicates that activated or carbonized carbon can be prepared using these composite biomass samples.
El impacto de ChatGPT en la formación y producción académica: que no cunda el pánico
Authors: Zúñiga Sánchez Oscar
Published: April 2024

El avance de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en las últimas tres décadas puede impactar de manera positiva o negativa en el desarrollo de las sociedades. A principios del año 2023, en el ámbito de la educación superior comienza a tener eco esta disciplina con la evolución del ChatGPT. Por tanto, esta investigación tiene dos propósitos concretos: por un lado, poner a prueba esta tecnología mediante la introducción de una serie de cuestionamientos en su línea de captura de texto relacionados con la originalidad de sus productos y el plagio académico para posteriormente ser examinado. Segundo, analizar y discutir sobre su efecto en el proceso de formación y producción académica en el ámbito de la educación superior. Como parte de los resultados obtenidos, se logró constatar que esta tecnología no está exenta de errores, por lo que se recomienda usarla con cautela. Asimismo, se concluye que su impacto negativo puede ser neutralizado si se logra fomentar una formación critica, reflexiva y de valores en el estudiantado con el fin de promover la consciencia para usar este tipo de tecnologías a su favor sin perjuicio alguno. Por último, el resultado de esta investigación tiene sus implicaciones para que las universidades logren transformar sus modelos educativos y académicos según las demandas actuales de las sociedades del conocimiento.
ROLE OF MATERNAL SERUM FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 LEVEL IN PREDICTION OF PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: El-din Alaa Mohamed Atef Karim , Kolib Magdy Hassan , Bakhat Gehad Sayed Abdel- Rahman , Yehia Amr Helmy
Published: April 2024

Pregnancy complications resulting from hypertensive disorders are a serious problem that impact 2-10 % of all pregnanciesglobally. Preeclampsia is defi ned as new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation which may be associated with other maternal organ dysfunction, such as liver or renal insuffi ciency, hematological or neurological complications, uteroplacental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction.Aim of the Work: Primary outcome is to determine the correlation between fi broblast growth factor 21 level and preeclampsia & signifi cance of serum fi broblast growth factor 21 levels as a predictive tool for preeclampsia. Secondary outcome is to establish the relationship between maternal serum fi broblast growth factor 21 level and Maternal complictions: - Eclampsia (tonic clonic fi ts after 20 weeks with elevated blood pressure and proteinuria)- HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet occur as a complication of severe preeclampsia)- placental abruption (bleeding after 20 weeks gestation due to premature separation of a normally situated placenta)Patients and Methods: This was a Nested case-control study that was conducted on 90 primigravidas at Ain Shams University maternity hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee at Ain- Shams university maternity hospital. Data was recruited from patient attending obstetric clinic at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. Blood samples were collected after 20 weeks to 28 weeks gestation. Patients was followed up until delivery and grouped according to development of preeclampsia.Random samples from 45 patients (group who develop PE) and 45 random samples from control group were assessed forfi broblast growth factor 21. Serum fi broblast growth factor 21 levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results: our study showed that there was a significant difference in FGF21 levels between the groups, patients withpreeclampsia having higher levels than controls, 15.9 % of patients with preeclampsia experienced maternal complicationscompared to none in the control group. Meanwhile, 18.2 % of patients with preeclampsia experienced fetal complicationscompared to 0 % in the control group.Conclusion: Serum FGF-21 levels are signifi cantly higher in preeclamptic pregnant women compared to healthy normotensive pregnant women. So, it can be used as a predictor for preclampsia and maternal complicationsFunding information: The article was written and published without any fi nancial support.Confl ict of interest disclosure: The authors of the article have noconfl ict of interest related to the publication of the article
CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS OF ACTION IN THE PRACTICE OF A DOCTOR OF GENERAL PRACTICE – FAMILY MEDICINE DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN
Authors: Bezruk V. , Andriychuk D. , Velia V. , Rynzhuk L. , Bulyk T.
Published: April 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the presence of markers of pathological changes in the urinary system lasting more than 12 weeks, regardless of their cause. The number of cases in children with diseases of the urinary system has documented confi rmed chronic kidney disease according to the implemented regional registry of patients with CKD, but its signifi cant spread is observed. Early manifestations of CKD are often underestimated and not treated in time. CKD and chronic renal failure are not a narrowly defi ned nephrological problem. Nowadays, military aggression and the consequences of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), which led to the destruction of standard ways (patient clinical routes) in the provision of medical care, the issue of providing medical care to children on the basis of evidence- based and personalized medicine is of particular relevance in Ukraine, which, according to the WHO strategy, should meet the needs and be safe,eff ective, timely and of appropriate quality. The introduction of innovations in pediatric practice in terms of standardization of medical care helps the physician to act eff ectively in specifi c clinical situations, avoiding ineff ective actions. Involvement of specialists of other specialties (general practitioners- family medicine, endocrinologists, urologists, cardiologists, pediatricians, ophthalmologists) in the management of CKD without coordination of cooperation to ensure the principle of continuity complicates the diagnostic and/or therapeutic support of the patient. Early diagnosis, proper management tactics of pediatric patients with diseases of the urinary system at the outpatient stage is an important component in the provision of integrated, patient- oriented medical care in the practice of a general practitioner- family medicine. The article highlights the clinical and diagnostic algorithms of action of a general practitioner- family medicine regarding the tactics ofmanagement of pediatric patients with the most common nephrological symptoms: leukocyturia (bacteriuria), proteinuria and erythrocyturia. The scientifi c research was carried out within the framework of the Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Perinatal Medicine of the Bukovinian State Medical University. The research topics included: Research project on «Chronobiological and adaptive aspects and features of autonomic regulation in pathological conditions in children of diff erent age groups» (State registration number: 0122U002245, duration: 01.01.2022-31.12.2026).
A CASE OF TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ICHTHYOSIS IN A NEWBORN CHILD
Authors: Obolonskyi O. , Kapustina O. , Obolonska O. , Kuznetsova N.
Published: April 2024

Congenital ichthyoses (CI) are a group of rare inherited disorders that cause keratinization defects. This group includes hereditary ichthyosis and hereditary syndromes with ichthyosiform lesions. Offi cial statistics are not yet available in Ukraine. The most common clinical manifestation is nonbullous hyperkeratosis characterized by thick hyperkeratotic scales, skin thickening, severe skin dryness and erythema. In more severe forms – ectropion, eclabion. Skin permeability is increased in CI patients, resulting in increased fl uid and calorie loss, diffi culty in thermoregulation, and reduced elasticity, which limits mobility. Symptoms can vary in severity, but severe manifestations at birth are not always indicative of a more severe course later in life. Challenges in defi nitive diagnosis are due to the need for karyotyping, which is quite expensive. Currently available treatment modalities include continuous moisturization, reduction of transepidermal water loss, control of hyperkeratotic layer thickness (reducing it to a minimum) with local keratolytics, emollients, and systemic retinoids in severe cases. The article presents a clinical case of successful local treatment of CI with a pronounced eff ect without the use of systemic retinoids. The publication of the materials has been approved by the Bioethics Commission of the CI «Regional Medical Center for Family Health» DRC». All anamnestic data, examination results and photographs are provided with prior written consent of the parents. Conclusion. Congenital ichthyoses require careful monitoring. The initial clinical manifestations can not be a marker for the severity of the disease course.
ROLE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING ENJOYMENT ON BURNOUT AND RESILIENCE: RESULTS FROM EFL TEACHERS
Authors: Aghayani Behnam , Mohamadi Samira , Rekabizadeh Forough , Bakhtiari Mahsa
Published: April 2024

Foreign language teachers often face distinct challenges in their professional journey, which can lead to burnout and decreased resilience. Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment (FLTE) is an emotion that can help teachers overcome such challenges and difficulties. This study firstly examines the relationship between EFL teachers’ FLTE and their burnout, and secondly explores the relationship between EFL teachers’ FLTE and their resilience. The study also investigates the influence of EFL teachers’ FLTE on their burnout. The participants were 204 Iranian EFL teachers, comprising 140 females and 64 males. In the data collection, the participants responded to three online questionnaires, namely the Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment Scale (FLTES), the Burnout Scale, and the Resilience Scale. The results of Pearson product-moment correlation indicated that EFL teachers’ FLTE was associated with both their burnout and their resilience. Moreover, the regression analysis showed that EFL teachers’ FLTE significantly predicted their burnout. The findings can help teachers set up a successful teaching and learning environment by boosting their sense of well-being. Education stakeholders can also utilize these findings to improve job satisfaction.
Об особенностях поиска максимального значения динамического коэффициента при испытаниях мостов
Authors: Ходяков Вячеслав
Published: April 2024

Исходя из личного опыта многочисленных динамических испытаний и расчётов пролётных строений мостов становится понятно, что задача получения максимальной величины динамического коэффициента μ от проезда даже одиночного самосвала на практике является крайне сложной задачей. В статье описано несколько факторов, которые необходимо учитывать, если мы ставим целью получение динамического коэффициента наиболее близкого к максимально возможному для конкретного мостового сооружения.
Термография применительно к оценке состояния деформационных швов. Экспресс-диагностика
Authors: Ходяков Вячеслав
Published: April 2024

При обследовании мостовых сооружений состояние деформационных швов как правило оценивается визуально. Для объективизации данного процесса предлагается использовать инструментальный метод термографии. На одном из эксплуатируемых путепроводов МКАД в 2021 году была получена термограмма деформационного шва с плитными резинометаллическими элементами. Через два года произошло разрушение элементов шва на характерных участках, что позволило оценить достоверность предлагаемого метода. Также представлены результаты тепловизионной диагностики других видов деформационных швов. Для швов со щебёночно-мастичной вставкой, металлическим окаймлением или непрерывным покрытием данный метод имеет ограниченное применение.
Electronic communication between employer and employee during martial law
Authors: Duma O. O.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the need for flexibility and adaptability in managing labor relations during martial law. An important step taken by the legislator on the way of organizing personnel paperwork between the employer and the employee is the legislative consolidation of the norms that give employers the opportunity to independently determine these processes, while ensuring reliable accounting of the work done and labor costs. Under martial law in Ukraine, it is allowed to use electronic exchange of documents. This means that the employer and the employee can agree on alternative methods of creating, sending  and storing official documents, such  as orders or notifications. Such methods  may include the use of electronic communications that are chosen by agreement between the employer and the employee. These measures are intended to help ensure the continued existence of existing labor relations and the preservation of important documentation during martial law. The introduction of such changes has become important, since martial law can complicate the usual communication procedures. These changes also help to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. However, if the employer and the employee have not agreed on the electronic exchange of documents, then official documents must be submitted in paper form with the original signature of the author of the document. This is important because sending an application electronically does not allow the other party to verify the authenticity of the applicant’s will. It is also possible to use a phone to exchange information, although this may be less effective for some types of documents. In any case, it is important that both sides of the labor legal relationship - both the employee and the employer are aware of what methods of communication will be used, and agree with them. Under martial law, among other things, additional procedures may be introduced to ensure the effective exchange of documents. From the analysis of existing judicial practice, it is seen that in all of these methods and methods of communication, the main thing is still the fact that the employer and the employee agree between themselves on the appropriate method of exchanging documents, since the absence of a confirmed agreement will affect both the rights and obligations of the employer and the rights and obligations of the employee.
Peculiarities and content of tax legal relations in conditions of digitalization
Authors: Yesimov S. S.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the peculiarities and content of tax legal relations in the conditions of digitalization based on the current legislation. The object of research is a set of legal relations in the field of taxation that arise and develop in the conditions of digitalization. The subject is the principles and norms of tax law in the unified system of forms of European law implemented in the context of European integration. The methodological basis is represented by general scientific methods of knowledge and private scientific methods of knowledge - historical, statistical, structural-functional, comparative-legal, formal-legal. It is indicated that the increased influence of digital technologies on modern tax legal relations requires the scientific and professional community to carry out detailed research and revision of the entire complex of transformation of tax legal relations, as well as the development of the most effective models of relevant legal relations and guarantees of ensuring the rights of taxpayers in the digital reality. There are no unified approaches to assessing the legal consequences and content of the transformation of tax relations in the context of the development of digital technologies. It is noted that the introduction of digital technologies in the field of tax legal relations has led to the fact that the existing guarantees of ensuring the rights of taxpayers, established in the legislation on taxes and fees, as well as developed in the course of individual regulation of legal relations in the field of taxation, are insufficient to comply with European legal standards regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of restoration of violated rights. The implementation of digital technologies in the process of interaction between the state and society in the field of taxation involves not only the simplification of the corresponding interaction, but also the development of qualitatively new models of digital interaction based on the analysis of the existing legal regulation. The transforming effect of digitalization on tax legal relations is based on the communicative potential of digital technologies, the possibility of effective functioning of big data systems, simplified interaction of participants in tax legal relations, the possibility of automating operations in law enforcement and analytical activities of tax authorities.
The history of the development of the institute of judicial administrative and legal protection of human rights
Authors: Lepisevich P. M.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the history of the development of the Institute of Judicial Administrative Legal Protection of Human Rights. The socio-economic, political-legal, ideological relations that formed in Ukraine in the period from the beginning of the 18th to the middle of the 20th century were chosen as the object of the study. In addition, which had a decisive influence on the development of ideas about judicial protection of human rights. The subject of the research is political and legal views on judicial protection of human rights. The methodological basis is the principles of historicism, scientificity and objectivity. Problem and comparative research methods were most intensively used. Development of the topic and interpretation of the studied material were carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the analyzed period. When solving the assigned tasks, he followed a complex approach to the analysis of legal phenomena. The chronological boundaries of the study are determined by what was formed at the end of the 18th to the middle of the 20th century. the political and legal opinion in Ukraine regarding the protection of human rights, within the framework of administrative proceedings in particular, has undergone a significant evolution. The political and legal opinion on the implementation of the protection of human rights against the arbitrariness of state authorities formed the basis of the reform of the judicial system, and in the process of this transformation, a new link appeared in the judicial system - the administrative court. It is indicated that the theoretical, practical and didactic significance of the problem is due to fundamental changes in the life of Ukrainian society in the context of integration into the European Union, in which the highest value is recognized as a person, with his status, rights and obligations. It is noted that the construction of a harmonious system of human rights and responsibilities, and, most importantly, the establishment of a mechanism for their real implementation are directly dependent on a comprehensive study of the patterns of formation, formation and functioning of rights and responsibilities, starting from the moment of their inception and up to the present time, which will allow to identify the peculiarities of their further development, to determine the place of rights and obligations in the system of legal values, as well as to identify the prerequisites of existing problems in their implementation and to propose ways to overcome them.
Legal regulation of the grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and state of emergency
Authors: Liashuk R. M. , Vychavka V. I.
Published: April 2024

The scientific article studied and explained the content of the legal and regulatory grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. This problem is understudied.

With the help of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, the authors have researched the laws of Ukraine, current subordinate legal acts and scientific sources that regulate the grounds for the use of weapons of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

The work clarified the content and features of the legal support for the use of weapons of ships, boats and vessels.

It has been established that the measures of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency, in the implementation of which the state border protection authorities take part, determine the possibility, necessity and grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Most of the reasons for the use of the weapons of ships and boats can be aimed at ensuring the measures of the legal regime of war, and in some cases, the state of emergency. In such conditions, the subordination of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Service of Ukraine may change, which determines the entity that grants permission to use their weapons after a warning.

The authors come to the conclusion that the reasons for the use of weapons by ships, boats and vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which are defined in the laws of Ukraine, are aimed at the forcible termination of offenses and crimes, ensuring compliance with measures of martial law and state of emergency. The blanket form of the norms regulating the grounds for the use of weapons on ships and boats makes it necessary to refer to other laws and subordinate legal acts of Ukraine and to take into account the specifics of the law enforcement, service and combat activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the conditions of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency.
Prevention of corruption risks during customs procedures: typology and signs
Authors: Pai I. I.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the theoretical and practical problems of determining the essence of corruption risks in the implementation of customs procedures, its signs within the limits of its customs and legal support. The definition of “administrative and legal provision of customs affairs” is given. The essence of the category “corruption risk in the sphere of implementation of customs procedures” has been determined. It has been found that corruption-inducing factors in the activities of officials of customs bodies are formed both in the sphere of organization and management of state customs affairs, and arise from the abuse of power and official position by officials of customs bodies and violations of the established procedure for carrying out customs procedures. The scientific approach is supported, that it is advisable to divide the factors of corruption risks in the implementation of customs procedures into external and internal. It was established that the customs procedure is a law-enforcement activity of customs authorities and their officials, aimed at the implementation of their powers regarding the organization of the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of Ukraine, ensuring compliance with customs rules. It was determined that the customs procedure is aimed at maintaining the regime of legality in matters of organizing the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of Ukraine. It has been proven that the elements of the structure of the implementation of customs procedures should include: customs control procedures; customs clearance procedures; tax and customs payment procedures. It has been established that customs control and customs clearance are the main areas of activity of customs authorities, which are carried out by performing customs formalities, which are components of customs procedures. An understanding of the legal nature of customs procedures as a legal regime operating at the facilities and in the places where they are carried out has been established. The content and criteria for the distribution of customs regimes in the context of customs regime rules are determined. Signs of corruption risks during customs procedures have been identified.
Sustainability of public administration in Ukraine: analysis of determinants
Authors: Rudyak I. S.
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to substantiating the thesis that the public administration institution in Ukraine does not exhibit characteristics of stability, meaning it is currently unable to effectively withstand changes, pressures, or contemporary challenges.

It specifies that the modern interpretation of the content and essence of public administration in Ukraine has two paradigmatic aspects (scientific and normative), the difference between which significantly varies in orientation, methodological approach, focus, and goal characteristics.

There is a dynamic of their gradual convergence. This indicates a balanced and effective approach to the management of public affairs. However, the public administration institution in Ukraine has not gained normative consolidation, and its further development is justified by the reform of the public service institution, optimization of specific aspects of executive and local self-government activities.

In justifying the characterization of the public administration institution in Ukraine in terms of hidden stability, it is also pointed out that: 1) citizens’ trust in executive authorities and local self-government remains at a low level, with no stable increase observed; 2) the standard of living in Ukraine is extremely low, and there is no noticeable dynamics towards improvement; 3) the activities of public administrations still do not meet the standards of the SIGMA Program.

It is determined that the stability of the public administration institution in Ukraine can also be assessed based on indicators of the effectiveness of managing public affairs.

In summary, the apparent stability observed at first glance conceals some shortcomings and inefficiencies in the public affairs management system, resulting in a lack of clear accountability and effective monitoring, as well as a high risk of corruption, abuse of power, social tensions, etc.
International regulation of the turnover of virtual assets: basic provisions and principles
Authors: Tsukan S. V.
Published: April 2024

The dynamic development of virtual assets and their introduction into everyday human life and the economy require the world community to build symmetrical international legal regulation. Currently, the world still does not have a unified approach to regulating this financial phenomenon. However, most countries and international institutions do not ignore it and try to create an appropriate legal field to regulate all possible types of these assets.

The article analyzes the legal regulation of relations in the sphere of circulation of virtual assets in some countries of the world and identifies the most favorable norms for their possible implementation into Ukrainian legislation.

The experience of regulating virtual assets in the United States of America is singled out, in particular, it is determined that at the federal level of the country, digital assets are considered as property. The general principles of taxation that apply to transactions with property also apply to transactions with virtual assets. It has been studied that the system of regulation of virtual assets in the USA is in the process of development, but the fundamental principles have already been formed.

The legal field of regulation of virtual assets in Great Britain is analyzed. The announced intentions of the government in 2017 to make the United Kingdom the best place in the world for the development of digital business are becoming a reality, the confirmation of this is the high level of regulation of the sphere of circulation of virtual assets.

The experience of Germany is singled out, where virtual assets are not considered a means of payment, currency or foreign currency. Regulators classify them as a financial instrument or asset, subject to securities and investment-related rules and laws. The country’s legislation contains both detailed regulation of the activities of service providers, users and investors, as well as a system of tax benefits and exemptions. The legal regulation of virtual assets in Singapore, which is one of the most loyal to virtual assets in Asian countries, is analyzed.

The conclusion was formulated that when developing a mechanism for legal regulation of virtual assets and blockchain technologies in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the international experience of countries where relevant regulatory acts already exist and there is experience in law enforcement.
Interaction of the national police with law enforcement units in the course of ensuring public security and order during mass events in Ukraine
Authors: Yaroshak O. Ya.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the issue of interaction between law enforcement units in the course of ensuring public safety and order during mass events in Ukraine. It has been investigated that in the conditions of martial law, the powers of the National Police bodies have been significantly expanded, starting from the security and defense sector to direct tasks related to ensuring public safety and order in Ukraine.

But, despite the fact that the issue of interaction has attracted the attention of scientists, in most cases it is considered in a wide range and certain features in the conditions of martial law remain not fully explored. Issues of interaction are extremely urgent and require coordination at the legislative level, as they do not have a generalized procedure for determining the necessity and coordination of actions.

The security component in society is the main principle of observing the rights and freedoms of citizens, preventing rampant aggression, terrorism and mass crimes. The search for new joint compromise solutions is effective in combating these phenomena not only on the part of the National Police, but also other law enforcement agencies. Despite the fact that scientists have drawn attention to the issue of interaction, but in most cases these issues are considered in a wide range and certain features in the conditions of martial law remain incompletely researched.

It was established that the concept of interaction should be considered as a complex phenomenon, in our case, related relationships between people in the field of law enforcement. The issue of interaction between the National Police and other law enforcement agencies requires a special approach during martial law. To ensure the protection of public safety and order during mass events, not only employees of the National Police, but also other units are involved. Coherence, interchangeability, clear coordination between all units is the basis of clear interaction between all structural units in the course of ensuring public order and public safety during mass events.

It was determined that the interaction of the National Police with other law enforcement agencies and units in the course of ensuring public safety and order in Ukraine is an administrative set of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency and coordination of the work of the National Police with other law enforcement agencies and units in the course of ensuring public safety and order during the mass events in Ukraine.
Political and legal aspects of obtaining post-war reparations for crimes of ecocide committed by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Mishchuk I. V.
Published: April 2024

The war that has been going on in Ukraine for more than nine years is dealing a devastating blow to the environment every day, as any military action affects the Earth’s natural resources in one way or another. Every day, the army of the aggressor state uses methods and techniques of armed conflict prohibited by international humanitarian law and causes intentional damage to the environment and civilian population of Ukraine. With this in mind, the article examines the conceptual framework (theoretical and practical) for the payment of post-war reparations by the Russian Federation to Ukraine and its political partners in connection with the international crime of ecocide.

It is established that attention to the issues of environmental pollution is quite justified, since due to harmful production processes of economic activity, as well as due to armed conflicts, human civilization is destroying the Earth’s ecological shell, thereby causing irreversible damage and bringing us closer to an environmental catastrophe. Such actions are recognized in public international law as ecocide, although there is still no single definition of this concept at either the national or international level.

The concept of “ecocide” arose long before its practical application in domestic and international scientific circles. At the same time, the active use of the term “ecocide” and its consideration as one of the main international crimes began only in the late 1970s. This was the impetus for the implementation of provisions on ecocide in national legislation and the establishment of criminal liability for its commission.

At the same time, the author emphasizes the urgent need to amend Article 5 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court due to the fact that the concept of “ecocide” is mentioned in the document in passing and does not contain clear legal regulation. The initiative of the Stop Ecocide Foundation, which presented the Draft Amendments to the Rome Statute of the ICC in June 2022 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Nuremberg Trials, is considered promising. Unlike the current version of the Statute, the initiators provide a clear definition of the concept of “ecocide”, which will allow the signatory states to freely apply this provision in practice.