bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Small Ruminant Market Participation and Marketing Surplus in Tahtay Adyabo District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Zemeda , Zemedu Lemma , Tegegne Bosena
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that determine farmers’ participation in small ruminant marketing and marketed surplus in the study area; Tahtay Adyabo District, Tigray, Ethiopia. The data were collected from a randomly selected 138 sample households. Heckman two-step method was used to identify factors affecting farmers’ participation decision in small ruminant marketing and quantity marketed in the study area. Of the total sample respondents, 76.8% and 23.2% were participated and not-participated to the small ruminant market, respectively. The result indicated that small ruminant market participation decision significantly affected by experience in small ruminant production, access to market information, family size, non/off farm income, access to veterinary services, distances to the nearest livestock market, distances to all weather roads and other livestock owned. The quantity of small ruminant supplied to the market significantly affected by experience in small ruminant production, access to credit, access to veterinary service, non/off farm income, distance to all weather roads and distance to the nearest livestock market. Therefore, development interventions should help small ruminant producers on improving the accessibility of formal financial systems, provision of timely and adequate veterinary services, developing the skills of producers and improving infrastructure.
The Impact of Leadership Skills on Information Technology Project Success in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Paul Oluwafemi , Ajayi Modupe Olayinka , Alade Kehinde Temitope
Published: December 2024

The rapid expansion of the IT industry in Lagos State, Nigeria often referred to as "Africa's Silicon Valley" has revealed how crucial strong leadership is to the accomplishment of projects. Notwithstanding the extensive study on leadership styles, little is known about the precise effects of leadership skills in the IT sector, especially in Lagos' complex and rapidly expanding environment. This study fills this knowledge gap by investigating how important leadership abilities affect the results of IT projects. 206 IT professionals working for the Lagos State Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Technology. Data was collected through structured surveys and analyzed using quantitative techniques to evaluate the relationship between leadership skills and project success. Decision-making and adaptability are essential for navigating Lagos' unique challenges, while communication and emotional intelligence are crucial for team cohesiveness and efficient problem-solving. This study aims to evaluate the influence of leadership skills on IT project outcomes in Lagos State. The study validates the impact of leadership skills on IT project performance in Lagos State, demonstrating a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.01 at a confidence level of 95%, using regression analysis to analyse the data. The research offers valuable insights for IT professionals, organizations, and policymakers, enriching the understanding of leadership abilities needed to drive IT projects in Lagos, thereby contributing to the existing body of knowledge. These findings can guide leadership training programs and policy formulations to enhance project outcomes in Lagos' IT sector.
Socio-economic and Demographic Characteristics of Caregivers as a Determinant of Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Cheruiyot Daniel Kipngeno
Published: December 2024

Child growth and well-being are critically dependent on proper nutrition, particularly during the developmental phase between the ages of 6 and 59 months. Poor nutritional status is associated with an increased prevalence of mortality and morbidity in Kenya and globally. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the nutritional status of children aged 6 months to 5 years in Kericho County, Kenya. The research employed a cross-sectional analytical design, targeting children attending outpatient child welfare clinics at Kericho County Referral Hospital and Kapkatet Sub-County Hospital. A total of 172 children were selected through systematic random sampling, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Key findings revealed that stunting affected 25% of the children, while wasting and underweight were prevalent in 23.8%. Dietary practices showed that only 39.2% of children aged 6 to 23 months met the minimum dietary diversity, and 39.2% received a minimum acceptable diet. Moreover, 45.3% of children experienced illness in the past month. Regression analysis identified several key predictors of malnutrition: Children of caregivers without formal education were more likely to be underweight (AOR = 0.70, p = 0.01). This study underscores the critical role of caregiver education in shaping child nutritional outcomes and highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve caregiver knowledge and practices.
Effects of Organic Amendments on Earthworm Population in Sugarcane Plant Ratoon System under Different Planting Methods
Authors: Bhargavi T. , Bharathalakshmi M. , Sree S. Prathibha , Rao Ch. Mukunda , Ramalakshmi Ch. Sita
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to study the effect of organic sources under different planting methods on the population of earthworm in sugarcane plantation for plant and ratoon crop. The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research station, Anakapalle (Andhra Pradesh) on sandy loan soils under split split plot design with different planting methods, soil health management practices and nutrient levels. The main plots consisted of three planting methods M1: conventional planting, M2: paired row planting, M3: dual row planting along with four organic amendments as sub plots (Control, trash mulching + biodecomposer (A & B), green manuring with sunnhemp @ 37.5 kg ha-1 seed rate, green manuring with sunnhemp @ 25 kg ha-1 seed rate followed by intercropping) and two nutrient levels as sub sub plots (75% RDF + NPK biofertilizers and 100% RDF). The results showed that in the plant and ratoon crop significantly highest earthworm population was observed with green manuring with sunnhemp @ 25 kg ha-1 seed rate followed by intercropping and was found significantly superior to control treatment. Organic sources can improve both the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil under these conditions, which cousld improve soil ecosystem services and thus increasing the earthworm population.
Formulation and Nutritional Evaluation of Extruded Vermicelli from Browntop Millet
Authors: C. A. Raju, , S. Shamshad Begum, , T. E. Nagraja, , K. B. Suresha, , P. Bhavani, , Vijayalaxmi K. G.
Published: December 2024

The rising awareness of health benefits associated with millets has led to the increased interest in utilizing them for value-added food products. Browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa), a highly nutritious, drought-tolerant grain, is one such millet that is rich in fiber, protein and essential micronutrients like iron and zinc. This study focuses on the development of extruded vermicelli from browntop millet to create a convenient, nutrient-dense alternative to traditional refined wheat products. Blends of browntop millet flour with whole wheat flour were developed that indicated the vermicelli with 50 per cent browntop millet (T2) demonstrated enhanced nutritional properties, including a significant increase in fiber (4.45 g), protein (14.48 g), fat (1.48 g) and essential minerals such as iron (4.51 mg), zinc (4.44 mg) and copper (0.58 mg) when compared to the conventional counterpart. Despite the improved nutritional profile, the browntop millet vermicelli also exhibited higher levels of antinutritional factors, such as phytic acid (1039.78 mg/100 g) and polyphenols (186.05 mg/100 g). The product displayed favourable cooking qualities, with a cooking time of 7.15 minutes and a cooking loss of 12.24 per cent. Consumer acceptability revealed acceptance in key attributes, including flavour, consistency and appearance. Over a 90-day storage period, the millet-based vermicelli exhibited lower bacterial counts (2.58 × 104 CFU/g) compared to the control sample (3.08 × 104 CFU/g), while yeast and mold levels remained within acceptable limits. Although there was gradual increase in moisture, free fatty acids and peroxide values during storage, these remained within permissible limits, indicating good storage stability. The development of browntop millet-based extruded vermicelli offers a promising, health-oriented option for consumers, catering to the increasing demand for convenience foods that support both nutrition and convenience.
Impact of Salicylic Acid and Potassium Silicate in Ameliorating the Drought Stress Effect on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: D Bhagya Laxmi , G Vijaya kumar , M Ravi babu , D Ramesh
Published: December 2024

Aims: The present study highlights the impact of salicylic acid and potassium silicate in reducing the deleterious effect of drought stress on sorghum.
Study Design:  Split plot design.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh during rabi, 2023-24.
Methodology: The experiment consist of two main treatments i.e., water stress treatments viz., M1 (stress treatment i.e., moisture stress was imposed from vegetative to flowering (25-70 DAS) and M2 (No stress treatment) and eight sub treatments viz., No spray (S1), K-Silicate @50ppm at 35+45 DAS (S2), K-Silicate @100ppm at 35+45 DAS (S3), SA @150ppm at 35+45 DAS (S4), SA @200ppm at 35+45 DAS (S5), K-Silicate @50ppm + SA @200ppm at 35+45 DAS (S6), K-Silicate @100ppm + SA @200ppm at 35+45 DAS (S7) and K-Silicate @150ppm + SA @200ppm at 35+45 DAS (S8) replicated thrice. The plant samples were collected on 30, 50 and 70 DAS.
Results: The sorghum plants under water stress showed drastic reductions in chlorophyll content (54.9%), relative water content (34.1%) and increase in membrane injury index (1.9 folds), proline content (1.8 folds) and catalase activity (3.6 folds). The combined spray of potassium silicate @100ppm + SA @200ppm exhibited superior performance by enhancing the chlorophyll content by 59.1%, relative water content by 32.5, proline content by 26.1%, catalase activity by 30.4% and reducing membrane injury index by 28.9%.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the foliar application of @100ppm + SA @200ppm at 35 + 45 DAS helped the sorghum plants from the negative effects of water stress from vegetative to flowering stages.
Microgreens: A Comprehensive Review Emphasizing Urban Agriculture
Authors: Nethra Jagarlamudi , Srinivasulu Biyyala , Kumar Vadada Vinay , Rao Chandra Surya
Published: December 2024

In this comprehensive review, we delve into the multifaceted world of nutrient-rich microgreens, with a particular emphasis on their significance in urban agriculture. By exploring their nutritional composition, culinary applications and cultivation techniques, we aim to shed light on the transformative potential of microgreens in promoting sustainable urban food systems. Through an interdisciplinary lens encompassing agronomy, nutrition and urban planning, we uncover the myriad benefits of microgreens cultivation and highlight the critical role they play in shaping the future of urban agriculture.
Exploring Microgravity’s Effect on Seed Germination and Growth of Plants
Authors: Ambiya Ram , R. Beena , M.S Nivedhitha
Published: December 2024

The study of the effects of microgravity on plant cells has gained significant attention, especially in the context of space experiments, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of plant growth and development in altered gravitational conditions. Understanding the impact of microgravity on seed germination, seedling establishment, and overall plant development is essential for future space agriculture and the development of sustainable food production systems. In microgravity, plants encounter unique physical and physiological challenges, making it essential to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of plant cells to this environment. Various factors contribute to the alterations observed in plant behavior under microgravity, including changes in water and nutrient distribution, disruptions in hormone signaling, and modifications in the expression of secondary metabolites. Physiological and biochemical in plants due to microgravity caused by the influence on the phytochrome system, gas exchange photosynthesis, and the production of secondary metabolites.  Microgravity affects mechanocellular responses of plants which elucidates how the absence of gravity can disrupt cytoplasmic streaming, impact cell wall rigidity, and cause damage to cell membranes. These alterations in plant cell behavior under microgravity conditions can have profound implications for plant growth and development. Space farming faces challenges and constraints of cultivating plants in space, such as managing water distribution, temperature fluctuations, and radiation exposure, are addressed. Innovative methods for planting crops in space, including plant pillows, greenhouse cultivation, and soil-less systems, are discussed. In the future, research efforts should focus on selecting or genetically modifying plant varieties with enhanced tolerance to the diverse stress encountered in space environments. Thus, it is concluded that space farming underscores the importance of comprehensive studies on plant responses to microgravity, offering valuable insights for both space exploration and terrestrial agriculture.
Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) Characterization Using Morphological Traits of Little Millet
Authors: T Venkata Ratnam, , L Madhavi Latha, , K Sudeepti
Published: December 2024

A research study for 50 accessions of little millet germplasm was carried out for DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability) descriptors encompassing both qualitative and quantitative traits. The assessment adhered to guidelines from the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer's Rights Authority (PPV & FRA). The findings underscored substantial diversity among the germplasm accessions across all evaluated characteristics. This suggests a significant genetic diversity in the morphological profile of little millet germplasm. The outcomes of this study are valuable for breeders, researchers, and farmers in identifying and selecting germplasm accessions for crop enhancement. Additionally, they contribute to the conservation of beneficial genes and facilitate the pursuit of protection under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer's Rights Act.
Molecular Study: Nitroreductase Enzyme and Nitroimmidazole Resistance Genes (Nim Genes) Effect on AMR to Metronidazole in Clostridium difficile
Authors: O.A. Mohammed, , S.D Baines,
Published: December 2024

Nitroreductase enzymes and Nim genes have been observed to be a factor predisposing to reduced susceptibility to metronidazole in anaerobic bacteria. Therefore, this study was determined the effect of nitroreductase enzymes and nim genes in metronidazole susceptibility in UK C. difficile isolates. Three UK C. difficile ribotypes 027, 001, 106 including metronidazole reduced susceptible (CDRM) and metronidazole susceptible (CDSM) C. difficile strains, and 2 control strains from ribotype 010 (CDRM) and 038 (CDSM) were used. Control strain C. perfringens ATCC 3626 previously identified to be nitroreductase positive, and positive control for nimB which was Bacteroides fragilis strain BF8 was also included in this research. These selected strains were observed for their nitroreductase activity and presence of Nim genes. C. perfringens ATCC 3626 demonstrated nitroreductase activity but was absent in C. difficile control. Three CDRM strains (001 and 106 ribotype) demonstrated nitoreductase activity. None of the CDSM strains analysed showed detectable nitroreductase activity.  The nim gene PCR amplification was only observed in the nim positive control strain BF8 (about 400 bp). All samples tested including ribotype 001 027 and 106 CDSM and CDRM strains showed no nimPCR product. In conclusion, despite the nitroreductase result obtained, inconsistencies observed during the assay showed methodology issues, thus using radio labelled metronidazole and monitoring the decline in the radiolabel signal proportional to the level of nitroreduction, maybe a preferred method in correlating nitroreductase activity to the CDRM phenotype. Also, this research observed the absence of nim genes in C. difficile UK ribotypes irrespective of metronidazole susceptibility patterns, depicting the inability of the universal primers for nimA-NimE to amplify a potential nim gene in C. difficile UK ribotypes. The universal primers were previously reported incapable of amplifying nimJ due to a different nucleotide sequence coding for same proteins as the universal primers.
Numerical Solution of Fractional Diffusion Equation by Shifted Legendre Operational Matrix Method and Fractional Linear Multi-step Methods
Authors: Luc DJERAYOM , Mbainguesse Djibet , Abbo Bakari , Paré Youssouf
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with an efficient scheme to solve fractional diffusion equation including both time and spatial fractional derivative in Caputo sense. In the first time, the so-called operational matrice was obtained by computating fractional derivative of shifted Legendre polynomial followed by applying the spectral Tau method that convert the original equation in the system of fractionnal ordinary differential equation (FODE). The fractionnal linear multi-step metthods (FLMMS) can be used in the second time to give the approximate solution. To acces the accuracy and validity of the method, two illustratives examples are reported using Matlab code.
Factors Influencing Export of Soya Bean Oil from India: A Panel Gravity Model Analysis
Authors: Yasaswini G. , Trivedi S. M. , Bhatt J. D. , Thaker N. M.
Published: December 2024

Soya bean, the ‘miracle bean’, belongs to the family Leguminoceae, subfamily Papilionoidea. Soya bean oil is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and is rich in linolenic acid. In the past 20 years the export of soya bean oil from India was mainly focused on Bhutan, Jordan, Canada, Singapore and Myanmar. The data was collected from 2002-03 to2021-22. The sources of data were Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT), Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Statista and Trade map. The panel data was estimated by the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. For soya bean oil the per capita GDP of India's trading partners, distance, trade openness, and exchange rates are the most significant factors affecting bilateral trade. While partner countries' prosperity and liberal trade policies boost trade, greater distances and unfavorable exchange rates hinder it. India's GDP and domestic inflation show minimal impact on trade flows. Wooldridge test indicated no first-order auto-correlation.
Assessment of Wind Energy Potential for Small-scale Turbine Deployment at Akwa Ibom State University Community, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria
Authors: Etukudo Aniekeme H. , Nkan Imo E. , Ukommi Ubong S.
Published: December 2024

As the need for clean energy is expanding, critical evaluation of renewable energy system has become increasingly important to the energy research community and stakeholders. This study examines the wind resource potential at Akpaden community and its suitable for siting wind turbine to support availability of electrical energy, research purpose and for technology innovation. Wind data is collected and tabulated at various time internal with respect to height for seven days. Statistical tool analysis was employed. Results show that there is a little variation in the morning and afternoon wind speed, an overall average of 4.09 m/s wind speed is obtained. The result is modeled into wind equation, at 12 m height, an average power of about 180 W can be obtained in a second. 300 W sizeable wind turbine was suggested for use. Result shows that useful energy can be obtained from wind available in Ikot Akpaden Community, though it is a little affected by height due to obstruction by building and tress, however, the limitations can be overcome when sitting in areas that is free from disturbances.
Market Profile Analysis of Medicinal Plant Products Trade in Margibi County, Liberia
Authors: Jr. Arthur M. Washington , Adepoju Adeyinka O. , Pailey Edna D. , Zomah-Kamara Lusu
Published: December 2024

Medicinal plants play a crucial role in African traditional medicine, particularly in Liberia, where they are used alongside Western medicine. For generations, traditional knowledge about plants utilization has empowered locals to develop a wide range of plant products to address the medical needs of their communities. Over time, this development has led to the emergence of trade in medicinal plants and plant products. The trade of medicinal plant products (MPP) significantly contributes to the local economy by providing income opportunities for many. This study was conducted in Margibi County with aims to profile the trade of MPP, their origins, peak sale times, and the socio-economic characteristics of traders. The research identified key participants in the supply chain as collectors, wholesalers, and retailers. Qualitative data was analyzed using narrative analysis. The study revealed that 34.375% of MPP originates from rural Margibi, 28.125% from Montserrado with the rest being from Bong, Grand Bassa, Nimba and Lofa counties. Women are the predominant traders in the MPP trade; representing 78.125% while men represent 21.875%. Businesses along the MPP supply chain earn low profit margins from the sale of these products due to several contributing factors. These factors include limited investment and inadequate record keeping of transactions. The study suggests policy initiatives should be put in place by relevant authorities to formalize the trade, and provide access to financial resources and services which are necessary to improving income levels and creating opportunities for greater investment in the MPP trade.
Technology Change in Hybrid Tomato Production: A Field Based Study
Authors: Jadhav Vilas , Reddy B. V. Chinnappy
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted for analyzing impact of technology change in hybrid tomato production, comparing with inputs, or improving productivity. While measuring the sources of output growth, the contribution of total productivity is always estimated as residual after accounting for the growth of the inputs. The results revealed that the contribution of technology to the differential output was higher in the case of Arka Vishall (14.52%) compared to Arka Vikas (11.71%) and Arka Vardan (-4.58%). This output differential was decomposed into changes in technology and changes in input levels. First, the contribution of technology (Hybrid) in total change in output was estimated to be 3.82 %. Second, the concerned input level effects, the positive contributions of labour (7.18 %), farmyard manure (0.039%), irrigation (0.78%), and other costs (2.24%) to total change in output were observed. The negative contributions were found in the case of seedlings (-0.78%), fertilizers (-0.29%), and plant protection chemicals (-1.5%). The total input level effect on output change was estimated to be 8.10%. Third, the estimated change in output (11.92%) was almost equal to the actual change of 11.71%. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate policy interventions and efforts by the concerned to address these constraints in adopting new tomato hybrids and to make tomato cultivation a viable and profitable enterprise.
Gestão Eficiente De Crises: A Importância Da Logística Humanitária Em Desastres Globais
Authors: Almeida Eloane Lima De , Oshiro Thiago Tabata , Lima Orlem Pinheiro De , Filho Wlademir Leite Correia , Araújo Paulo César Diniz De
Published: December 2024

A Logística Humanitária é vital na gestão de crises globais, evidenciada pelos terremotos em Sumatra (2004) e
no Nepal (2015). Este artigo analisa a importância dos conhecimentos na área de logística na resposta a
desastres, abordando práticas e desafios na coordenação de operações de socorro. Desastres são definidos como
interrupções que ameaçam prioridades e objetivos, expondo a vulnerabilidade das populações afetadas. A
pesquisa foi baseada em revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso, com dados de agências humanitárias e
entrevistas com especialistas. Os resultados indicam que a Logística Humanitária, derivada da logística
comercial, é adaptada para operações de socorro, priorizando a eficiência e a rápida mobilização de recursos.
As considerações finais enfatizam que a eficácia dela depende da coordenação e da incorporação de lições aprendidas em desastres anteriores nas estratégias futuras. Melhorar práticas logísticas é essencial para garantir assistência eficaz às comunidades afetadas.
"Navigating Danger: Emergency Thoracotomy For Superior Vena Cava Injury During Dialysis Access In An Elderly Patient"
Authors: Hasson Nageeb Hussein Abdulla , Molfetta Luca Di , Upadhyay Shekhar
Published: December 2024

Superior vena cava (SVC) injury is a rare but life-threatening complication during the insertion of central venous
catheters, especially in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. We report a case of an 81-year-old woman
with a complex medical history, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and end-stage renal
disease (ESRD), who suffered an SVC injury during the placement of a PermCath for hemodialysis. The patient
was initially admitted with fever and altered sensorium, requiring urgent dialysis. A femoral catheter was initially
used, but a more permanent solution was sought. During the placement of the PermCath, the patient developed
hypotension and shock, necessitating immediate transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). Imaging revealed a
severe right hemothorax and active bleeding from a perforation of the SVC. Emergency right exploratory
thoracotomy was performed, revealing a 2 cm laceration at the insertion of the azygous vein into the SVC and a
linear laceration of the right lower lung lobe. Both injuries were repaired, and the patient was stabilized. She
recovered well postoperatively and was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and prompt surgical intervention in managing SVC injuries during central venous catheterization
A Conexão Entre Exposição Prolongada A Poluentes Climáticos E Transtornos Do Neurodesenvolvimento: Evidências E Perspectivas
Authors: Silva Prof. Dr. Eduardo Jorge Custódio Da
Published: December 2024

A exposição prolongada a poluentes climáticos, como material particulado fino (PM2.5), dióxido de nitrogênio
(NO₂) e ozônio, está associada a impactos significativos no neurodesenvolvimento infantil, contribuindo para o
aumento de condições como Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e
Hiperatividade (TDAH) e outros transtornos relacionados à cognição e ao comportamento. Estudos recentes,
como os de Perera et al. (2019) e Block e Calderón-Garcidueñas (2009), demonstram que esses poluentes, ao
atravessarem a barreira hematoencefálica, desencadeiam inflamação neurotóxica e estresse oxidativo,
comprometendo funções críticas do cérebro em desenvolvimento, como a memória, o aprendizado e a regulação
emocional. Crianças que vivem em áreas urbanas densamente poluídas ou próximas a zonas industriais estão
particularmente vulneráveis, com maior risco de apresentar atrasos no desenvolvimento cognitivo, dificuldades
sensoriais e aumento de comportamentos desafiadores. A associação entre poluição ambiental e transtornos do
neurodesenvolvimento é amplificada por fatores socioeconômicos, como desigualdades no acesso a cuidados de
saúde e educação, criando um ciclo de vulnerabilidade que afeta desproporcionalmente populações
marginalizadas. Além disso, a exposição pré-natal a poluentes, como apontado por estudos epidemiológicos,
aumenta o risco de alterações epigenéticas, que podem predispor o feto a condições como TEA e TDAH. As
evidências indicam a necessidade urgente de políticas públicas que priorizem a redução de emissões de poluentes
e melhorem a qualidade do ar em áreas de alta densidade populacional, além de garantir acesso a serviços de
saúde mental e suporte educacional para crianças afetadas. Estratégias de mitigação, como o uso de energias
renováveis, o controle rigoroso de emissões industriais e o monitoramento contínuo da qualidade do ar, são
fundamentais para minimizar os impactos da poluição no neurodesenvolvimento. Este estudo contribui para o
entendimento das complexas interações entre fatores ambientais e biológicos no desenvolvimento infantil, destacando a importância de uma abordagem integrada que combine saúde pública, políticas ambientais e intervenções clínicas para proteger as gerações futuras dos efeitos adversos da poluição climática.
Efeitos Das Alterações Climáticas No Desenvolvimento Neurológico: Uma Análise Das Implicações Para Crianças Com TEA
Authors: Silva Prof. Dr. Eduardo Jorge Custódio Da
Published: December 2024

As alterações climáticas têm impactos significativos e amplamente documentados na saúde física, mas suas
consequências no desenvolvimento neurológico infantil ainda são uma área emergente de investigação. Este
estudo analisa como as mudanças climáticas, especialmente a poluição ambiental e os eventos climáticos
extremos, afetam o desenvolvimento neurológico de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). As
crianças com TEA, devido a sua vulnerabilidade biológica e sensorial, são particularmente suscetíveis aos
impactos ambientais, como exposição prolongada a poluentes atmosféricos e interrupções de rotina causadas
por desastres naturais. Evidências crescentes indicam que a poluição do ar, incluindo material particulado fino
(PM2.5) e óxidos de nitrogênio, está associada a maiores taxas de exacerbação de sintomas de TEA, como
dificuldades na comunicação, comportamentos repetitivos e maior sensibilidade sensorial. Além disso, eventos
climáticos extremos, como inundações e ondas de calor, não apenas afetam a estabilidade emocional das
crianças, mas também interrompem o acesso a serviços essenciais, como terapias ocupacionais e de integração
sensorial, aumentando a carga sobre as famílias e profissionais de saúde. Este estudo, baseado em uma revisão
de literatura e análise de casos, explora essas interações complexas e destaca a necessidade urgente de políticas
públicas e intervenções voltadas para a mitigação dos impactos climáticos no desenvolvimento neurológico.
Conclui-se que abordar as implicações das mudanças climáticas para crianças com TEA requer esforços
integrados que combinem redução de poluentes, adaptação aos eventos climáticos extremos e acesso contínuo a serviços especializados
Métodos De Contabilização De Créditos De Carbono: Uma Análise Das Práticas Adotadas Em Empresas Brasileiras Listadas Na B3
Authors: Filho Laemanuel Mustaffa Paes De Lemos , Oliveira Raylane Camilla De , Kruger Juliano Milton
Published: December 2024

O estudo investiga os métodos de contabilização de créditos de carbono adotados por empresas brasileiras
listadas na B3, como Natura, Braskem, Suzano e Votorantim, frente ao crescente impacto das mudanças
climáticas e da responsabilidade socioambiental. Os principais métodos analisados incluem o Mecanismo de
Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), REDD+ e o Mercado Brasileiro de Redução de Emissões (MBRE). A pesquisa
utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literatura e dados das demonstrações contábeis dessas
empresas, buscando avaliar a adequação das práticas contábeis às normas vigentes e explorar tendências e
desafios no mercado de carbono. Os resultados mostram que as empresas seguem padrões internacionais e
frequentemente reportam suas ações em relatórios de sustentabilidade. A Natura lidera com iniciativas como o
programa Carbono Neutro e projetos de reflorestamento, enquanto a Braskem implementa a precificação interna
de carbono para estimular decisões sustentáveis. A Suzano e a Votorantim destacam-se por projetos baseados
em REDD+ e tecnologias para captura de carbono. Conclui-se que, embora as empresas demonstrem avanços
em práticas de contabilização e sustentabilidade, a falta de regulamentação específica dificulta a padronização
das abordagens contábeis, limitando a transparência e comparabilidade entre organizações. O estudo reforça a
necessidade de regulamentações mais robustas e incentivos que consolidem o mercado de créditos de carbono no Brasil, promovendo uma economia mais sustentável e alinhada às metas globais de redução de emissões de gases de efeito estufa
Advantages of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Compared to Very High Frequency (VHF)
Authors: Alsandouny Mahmmed Mahmoud , Alfarhan Eng. Ahmad Abdulhamid
Published: December 2024

This paper delves into the comparative study of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and Very High Frequency (VHF),
focusing on the advantages of UHF. The study includes a discussion on the key differences between UHF and
VHF, the specific advantages and disadvantages of UHF waves, a scientific and practical comparison of these
frequencies, and their common applications. This comprehensive analysis highlights UHF's superior attributes in modern technological and communication applications, while also addressing its limitations compared to VHF.
Development of a Set of Lupus‐Specific, Ambulatory Care–Sensitive, Potentially Preventable Adverse Conditions: A Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Feldman Candace H. , Speyer Cameron , Ashby Rachel , L. Bermas Bonnie , Bhattacharyya Shamik , Chakravarty Eliza , Everett Brendan , Ferucci Elizabeth , Hersh Aimee O. , Marty Francisco M. , Merola Joseph F. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Rovin Brad H. , Son Mary Beth , Tarter Laura , Waikar Sushrut , Yazdany Jinoos , Weissman Joel S. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at high risk for infections and SLE‐ and medication‐related complications. The present study was undertaken to define a set of SLE‐specific adverse outcomes that could be prevented, or their complications minimized, if timely, effective ambulatory care had been received.

Methods

We used a modified Delphi process beginning with a literature review and key informant interviews to select initial SLE‐specific potentially preventable conditions. We assembled a panel of 16 nationally recognized US‐based experts from 8 subspecialties. Guided by the RAND‐UCLA Appropriateness Method, we held 2 survey rounds with controlled feedback and an interactive webinar to reach consensus regarding preventability and importance on a population level for a set of SLE‐specific adverse conditions. In a final round, the panelists endorsed the potentially preventable conditions.

Results

Thirty‐five potential conditions were initially proposed; 62 conditions were ultimately considered during the Delphi process. The response rate was 100% for both survey rounds, 88% for the webinar, and 94% for final approval. The 25 SLE‐specific conditions meeting consensus as potentially preventable and important on a population level fell into 4 categories: vaccine‐preventable illnesses (6 conditions), medication‐related complications (8 conditions), reproductive health–related complications (6 conditions), and SLE‐related complications (5 conditions).

Conclusion

We reached consensus on a diverse set of adverse outcomes relevant to SLE patients that may be preventable if patients receive high‐quality ambulatory care. This set of outcomes may be studied at the health system level to determine how to best allocate resources and improve quality to reduce avoidable outcomes and disparities among those at highest risk.
Effects of Muscle Strength Training on Muscle Mass Gain and Hypertrophy in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liao Chun‐De , Chen Hung‐Chou , Kuo Yu‐Chi , Tsauo Jau‐Yih , Huang Shih‐Wei , Liou Tsan‐Hon
Published: October 2019

Objective

To investigate the effect of muscle strength exercise training (MSET) on lean mass (LM) gain and muscle hypertrophy in older patients with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A comprehensive search of online databases was performed on April 20, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of MSET on LM, muscle thickness, and cross‐sectional area (CSA) in older patients with OA were identified. A risk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis were performed for the included RCTs.

Results

We included 19 RCTs with a median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 6 of 10 (range 3–7). In total, data from 1,195 patients (65% women, 85% with knee OA) with a mean age of 62.1 years (range 40–86 years) were analyzed. MSET resulted in significantly higher LM gain (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.49 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.28, 0.71], P < 0.00001) than did the nonexercise controls. Meta‐analysis results revealed significantly positive effects of MSET on muscle thickness (SMD 0.82 [95% CI 0.20, 1.43], P = 0.009) and CSA (SMD 0.80 [95% CI 0.25, 1.35], P = 0.004) compared with nonexercise controls. No significant effects in favor of MSET were observed for any muscle outcome compared with exercise controls. Five RCTs reported nonsevere adverse events in response to MSET, whereas no RCTs reported severe events.

Conclusion

MSET is effective in increasing LM and muscle size in older adults with OA. Clinicians should incorporate MSET into their management of patients at risk of low muscle mass to maximize health status, particularly for older individuals with OA.
Metal‐Free Three‐Component Selenopheno[2,3‐b]indole Formation through Double C−H Selenylation with Selenium Powder
Authors: Ni Penghui , Tan Jing , Zhao Wenqi , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: October 2019

A facile metal‐free entry to novel selenopheno[2,3‐b]indole motif is described. The three‐component assembly of indoles, aromatic ketones, and selenium powder is enabled by the IBr‐promoted highly selective double C–H selenylation/annulation. This protocol provides a novel access to a diverse variety of selenopheno[2,3‐b]indoles with good efficacy and broad functional group compatibility.

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2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF): A Green Solvent for Pd−NHC‐Catalyzed Amide and Ester Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling by N−C/O−C Cleavage
Authors: Lei Peng , Ling Yun , An Jie , Nolan Steven P. , Szostak Michal
Published: October 2019

The palladium‐NHC‐catalyzed (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling of amides and esters via highly chemoselective N−C(O) and O−C(O) cleavage with aryl boronic acids using green, sustainable and eco‐friendly 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) is reported. A variety of amides and aryl esters were coupled with aryl boronic acids in high to excellent yields. This method employs commercially‐available, air‐ and moisture‐stable Pd(II) −NHC precatalysts. Crucially, the use of 2‐MeTHF leads to the highest TON reported to date in amide N−C(O) bond cross‐coupling. This operationally‐simple protocol was utilized in the synthesis a bioactive ketone intermediate, emphasizing the potential of 2‐MeTHF as a green solvent in unconventional amide bond disconnection. Given the tremendous importance of amide bond cross‐coupling strategies and the drive to maintain full sustainability in cross‐coupling processes, we expect that the synthetic method will be of broad interest.

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Mometasone absorption in cultured airway epithelium
Authors: Nguyen Tuong T. , Soma Paul S. , Mascenik Teresa , Lewis Catherine A. , Lee Rhianna E. , Thorp Brian D. , Zanation Adam M. , Ebert Charles S. , Senior Brent A. , Randell Scott H. , Ehrmann Brandie M. , Kimple Adam J.
Published: October 2019

Background

Topical mometasone is frequently used as an intranasal spray, on drug‐eluting stents, and compounded by specialty pharmacies as a sinus rinse. A typical sinus rinse contains 1.2 mg of mometasone dissolved in 240 mL of buffered saline and is flushed through the sinonasal cavity. The mometasone irrigation rapidly flows to the contralateral sinonasal cavity or the nasopharynx with a contact time on the order of 5 to 10 seconds. However, no information is available on the absorption rate of topical mometasone on the sinonasal surface.

Methods

To determine the absorption characteristics of mometasone, we harvested nasal epithelium from 2 healthy donors and differentiated them into a mature ciliated epithelium on Millicell membranes. We applied mometasone to the apical surface for various time intervals and then rinsed off non‐absorbed mometasone with phosphate‐buffered saline. Millicell membranes with the adherent epithelial cells were then harvested and stored in guanidine hydrochloride for quantification using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results

Fifty percent of the maximal absorption occurred after an average of 38 minutes after application, and maximal absorption occurred after an average of 114 minutes.

Conclusion

Our data provide an estimate for rates of absorption of mometasone applied to the sinonasal cavity and suggest that the absorption rates poorly match contact time during saline lavage.
Imaging Cell‐Matrix Adhesions and Collective Migration of Living Cells by Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy
Authors: Ding Hao , Guo Weiliang , Su Bin
Published: October 2019

Cell‐matrix adhesions play essential roles in a variety of biological processes. Herein, we report a label‐free method to map cell‐matrix adhesions of single living cells on an electrode surface by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An indium tin oxide electrode modified with a silica nanochannel membrane was used as the substrate electrode, at which the ECL generation from freely diffusing luminophores provided a distinct visual contrast between adhesion sites and noncontacted domains, thus selectively revealing the former in a label‐free manner. With this methodology, we studied the spatial distribution, as well as dynamic variation, of cell‐matrix adhesions and the adhesion strength at the subcellular level. Cell‐matrix adhesions of an advancing cell sheet were finally imaged to study the movement of cells in collective migration. A statistical analysis suggests that cells on the far side of leading edge also have the propensity to migrate and do not act as just passive followers.
Finely Controlled Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Mechano‐Responsive Supramolecular Polymer
Authors: Lee Seonae , Kim Ka Young , Jung Sung Ho , Lee Ji Ha , Yamada Mihoko , Sethy Ramarani , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: October 2019

Finely controlled circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) supramolecular polymerization based on a tetraphenylethene core with four l‐ or d‐alanine branch side chains (l‐1 and d‐1) in the solution state is presented, resulting from the tuning of mechanical stimulus. Weak, green emissions of l‐1 and d‐1 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were converted into strong blue emissions by tuning the mechanical stimulus. The strong blue emissions were caused by an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect during the formation of a supramolecular polymer. Lag time in the supramolecular polymerization was drastically reduced by the mechanical stimulus, which was indicative of the acceleration of the supramolecular polymerization. A significant enhancement of circular dichroism (CD) and CPL signals of l‐1 and d‐1 was observed by tuning the rotational speed of the mechanical stimulus, implying that the chiral supramolecular polymerization was accelerated by the mechanical stimulus.
Carbon‐Nanoplated CoS@TiO2 Nanofibrous Membrane: An Interface‐Engineered Heterojunction for High‐Efficiency Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Liu Yi‐Tao , Chen Xingxing , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: October 2019

Developing noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts is important to industrially viable ammonia synthesis through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). However, the present transition‐metal electrocatalysts still suffer from low activity and Faradaic efficiency due to poor interfacial reaction kinetics. Herein, an interface‐engineered heterojunction, composed of CoS nanosheets anchored on a TiO2 nanofibrous membrane, is developed. The TiO2 nanofibrous membrane can uniformly confine the CoS nanosheets against agglomeration, and contribute substantially to the NRR performance. The intimate coupling between CoS and TiO2 enables easy charge transfer, resulting in fast reaction kinetics at the heterointerface. The conductivity and structural integrity of the heterojunction are further enhanced by carbon nanoplating. The resulting C@CoS@TiO2 electrocatalyst achieves a high ammonia yield (8.09×10−10 mol s−1 cm−2) and Faradaic efficiency (28.6 %), as well as long‐term durability.
Slow Dynamics of the Spin‐Crossover Process in an Apparent High‐Spin Mononuclear FeII Complex
Authors: Ye Yi Shan , Chen Xiu Qin , De Cai You , Fei Bin , Dechambenoit Pierre , Rouzières Mathieu , Mathonière Corine , Clérac Rodolphe , Bao Xin
Published: October 2019

A mononuclear FeII complex that shows a high‐spin (S=2) paramagnetic behavior at all temperatures (with standard temperature‐scan rates, ≈1 K min−1) has, in fact, a low‐spin (S=0) ground state below 100 K. This low‐spin state is not easily accessible due to the extremely slow dynamics of the spin‐crossover process—a full relaxation from the metastable high‐spin state to the low‐spin ground state takes more than 5 h below 80 K. Bidirectional photo‐switching of the FeII state is achieved reproducibly by two selective irradiations (at 530–590 and 830–850 nm). The slow dynamics of the spin‐crossover and the strong structural cooperativity result in a remarkably wide 95‐K hysteresis loop induced by both temperature and selected light stimuli.
Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Internal Alkynes: Access to Difluoromethylated Three‐Membered Carbocycles
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Qi , Zheng Meng‐Meng , Xue Xiao‐Song , Marek Ilan , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An
Published: October 2019

Herein we described an efficient RhII‐catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropenation reaction of internal alkynes with a masked difluorodiazoethane reagent (PhSO2CF2CHN2, Ps‐DFA). This asymmetric transformation offers efficient access to a broad range of enantioenriched difluoromethylated cyclopropenes (40 examples, up to 99 % yield, 97 % ee). The synthetic utility of obtained strained carbocycles is demonstrated by subsequent stereodefined processes, including cross‐couplings, hydrogenation, Diels–Alder reaction, and Pauson–Khand reaction.