bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study to Evaluate HEMA based Desensitising Agent and 980 nm Diode Laser in Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Authors: Ahirwar Anupama , Bhargava Anuj , Meena Sanjesh Kumar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Dentinal Hypersensitivity (DH) presents as a short, intense pain emanating from exposed dentinal tubules. Many studies have concluded that mechanical, chemical or both factors increase the frequency of DH. Sealing of exposed dentinal tubule can be achieved with the use of Dental adhesives, restorations, Desensitising Agents (DA) and Lasers, each having their own mechanism of action. Aim: This clinical study was done to evaluate the efficacy of Hydroxy Methacrylate (HEMA) based DA and 980 nm diode laser in the treatment of DH. Materials and Methods: This two-arm parallel design split-mouth study was conducted on 30 adult patients attending the Dental Outpatient Clinic of Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal during the year December 2018 to January 2020 with clinically diagnosed high cervical DH (Charlie=3) occurring bilaterally in maxillary canine teeth. Scoring of baseline and postoperative DH was done utilising using Modified U.S. Public Health Service Criteria for DH Assessment. After recording the pretreatment baseline scores, mouth of each sample subject was divided bilaterally using split-mouth technique into Group A and Group B. The left side of patient’s mouth was designated as Group A in which a 10 W Diode Laser (980 nm) was used and right side of the patient’s mouth was classified as Group B, in which Shield Active (HEMA based) DA was used. The sensitivity score for both the groups was assessed immediately after application, after 24 hours, after seven days and after 21 days. Statistical Analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) software version 22.0. Student’s t-test and repeated measures of ANOVA Test were applied. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically highly significant difference in sensitivity scores between both groups immediately after treatment p=0.038, after 24 hours, seven days and after 21 days. (p<0.001) depicting high efficacy of Diode lasers over DA. Repeated Measure of ANOVA was applied to find difference in mean score from baseline to 21 days. Immediately after application the results in Group A compared to baseline were statistically highly significant (p<0.001) and statistically significant in Group B (p<0.05). However, overall difference after 21 days compared to baseline were not significant in any group (p>0.05) depicting that the effect of both the desensitising therapies were not significant beyond 21 days in both the groups. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that both HEMA based DA and 980 nm diode laser were effective desensitisation treatment modalities for achieving immediate reduction of high cervical dentin hypersensitivity from baseline. Further, 980 nm Diode laser was found to be more efficacious and effective treatment option than HEMA based DA for treatment of DH.
Through the Walls of Inclusion: The Higher Education Institution Perspective in Philippines
Authors: Mirador Maria Grace I. , Lluz Lyra Paz P.
Published: March 2021

Every learning institution envisions to uphold the principles of inclusive education. A higher education institution like Eastern Samar State University must accommodate all learners of different backgrounds, with or without special needs. Hence, this phenomenological study was conducted to explore views and experiences of faculty on inclusive education, with particular focus on their encounter with students with special needs (SENs). Data gathered through in-depth interview of five selected faculty members with direct experiences on students with special needs in their classes, were transcribed and coded for themes and patterns. Results revealed that the research participants have the basic understanding of inclusive education. Faculty members consider their inclusive teaching experiences challenging and become more interventionist in providing learning activities to students with and without special needs. Major challenges encountered by the faculty members are on their preparedness to teach students with special needs especially in providing activities to their classes, and how equipped are they with the skills to cater to the learning needs of these students with special needs mainstreamed with the regular classes. With the challenges faced by the faculty members, the university can consider the need to develop and upgrade their knowledge and practical skills on IE practices in formulating policies and professional development activities.
Cluster Front Line Demonstration Evaluation Programme on Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum L.) Variety (NBeG-3) in Nizamabad District of Telangana
Authors: Suresh M. , Naaiik R. V. T. Balazzi , Kumar B. Kranthi , Vijaykumar P. , Swetha M. , Vijayalaxmi D. , Rajkumar B. V. , Manjari M. Bhavya , Padmaveni C.
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted under Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Rudrur operational area during 2017-18 to 2019-20 in the rabi seasons with 150 frontline demonstrations across twenty three villages, seven mandals of Nizamabad district of Telangana. The results of demonstrations showed that farmers could increase the Bengal gram productivity notably by switching over to improved variety and adoption of improved production technology. In front line demonstrations, it was observed that the improved Bengal gram variety NBeG-3 recorded the higher yield (2078 kg/ha) compared to the farmers' practices variety (1775 kg/ha). The demonstration yield was increased over farmer’s practices was 12.11%. Technology gap and the technology index values were 422 kg/ha and 1689, respectively. The yields were noticeably low in local practices with old variety. Adoption of improved technology including new variety, timely supply of critical inputs with proper guidance by the scientist, frequent monitoring visits to diagnose the problems and take applicable corrective measures, field days etc., might be the causative factors for high yield with good quality in all demonstration plots.
Interaction between Phagocytic Cells with Antiphagocytic Properties of Cryptococcus neoformans: When Love and Hate Collide
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin
Published: March 2021

Global systemic fungal infection, including meningeal cryptococcosis caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus spp, continue to rise in number, especially among HIV infected individuals. Infection occur through inhalation of spore which is abundant in the environment. Initially this fungus stay in the lungs for a certain time without causing any symptoms and when the host’s cellular immune status is depleted, it can uses monocyte as a vehicle to take them to the brain, using a mechanism called Trojan Horse mechanism. Normal alveolar macrophage as the first line of innate immune system in the lungs are supposed to phagocytose, internalized and then destroy it inside an organelle named phagolysosome. But Cryptococcus spp seemed to have a built in antiphagocytic mechanism to avoid destruction and even can multiply therein. The interaction between this clever yeast and the host’s phagocytic cells determine the course of the disease.
Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Combretum collinum Methanol Root Extract in Albino Rats
Authors: Hassan S. W. , Ukwuani-Kwaja A. N. , Nuhu U. D. , Jabaka R. D.
Published: March 2021

Combretum collinum root extract has been recognized long ago as traditional medicinal plant in curing several diseases among the indigenous people of Alela-land (Zuru), Kebbi State, Nigeria. This research work was carried out to evaluate the toxicological effects of Combretum collinum methanol root extract (CCME) in albino rats. Acute toxicity was performed by a fixed single oral administration at a dose of 10, 100, 1000 mg/Kg and 1600, 2900, 5000 mg/Kg. Subchronic toxicity studies of CCME was conducted at doses of 32, 63, 126 and 253 mg/Kg for 28 days. The result showed that acute administration of CCME resulted at mortality and general behavioral changes at 1000 to 5000 mg/Kg. Therefore, the estimated lethal dose (LD50) of CCME was 316.23 mg/Kg. Subchronic oral administration of CCME revealed a significant (P<0.01) decrease in body weight in rats receiving 63 to 253 mg/Kg throughout the study period compared with the control group. The results also showed a significant (P<0.01) increase in serum ALT, AST, creatinine, potassium and bicarbonate in rats administered with 126 and 253 mg/Kg of the extract. Haematological analysis of the same extract revealed a significant (P<0.01) increase in WBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, LYM and NEUT in rats receiving 126 and 253 mg/Kg only. Histopathological examination of liver revealed severe periportal inflammation, hypertrophy, areas of hydropic changes, cancerous tumor, areas of infiltration and necrosis of the hepatic cells while the kidney showed a mild mesengial hyperplasia, compressed blood vessels, glomerular degeneration, tubular degeneration and tubular widened lumen in rats treated with 63 to 253 mg/Kg. Therefore, caution should be applied as C. collinum root extract has a low mean lethal dose and would be toxic at higher concentrations.
Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Congenital Malformations among Neonates Seen at a Tertiary Health Institution in Yenagoa
Authors: Tunde-Oremodu I. I. , Okosun O. A. , Idholo U. , Ujuanbi A. S. , Odinaka K. K. , Adeyemi O. O. , Kunle-Olowu O. E. , Duru C. O. , Numbere P. P. F. , Oyeyemi N.
Published: March 2021

Background: Congenital malformations (CM) are significant causes of childhood morbidity and mortality impacting negatively on the affected family’s emotional and financial life. It also results in an enormous burden on a nation’s health and socio-economic systems. However, few studies on CM have emanated from developing countries including Nigeria and specifically from Yenagoa, Bayelsa State which is located in the oil rich Niger Delta region. We therefore analyzed the prevalence, pattern and outcome of management of babies with CM seen at the Neonatal unit (SCBU) of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa. This could be used as evidence for policy makers to develop and implement CM surveillance, prevention and supportive programs.

Methods: This was a descriptive observational study of all neonates with CM admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) over a one year period from 1st February 2017 to 31st January 2018. Identification and confirmation of congenital anomalies was done by physical examination, diagnostic investigations and surgical interventions. The conditions were classified organ and system-wise except for the chromosomal abnormalities. The prevalence and pattern of defects were determined, while factors related to the outcome of the anomalies were calculated with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Data entry and analysis were performed using excel and SPSS version 22.

Results: Among the 502 newborn admissions during the study period, congenital anomalies were found in 61 newborns, giving a prevalence rate of 12.2% with a female preponderance of 55.7%. The commonest CM were those related to the cardiovascular system (47.5%) followed by the digestive system (32.8%) then musculoskeletal system (19.7%). The mean duration of care was 9.7± 9.0 days with mortality of 30.5% recorded at that period. Babies with CM affecting the cardiovascular system and chromosomal anomalies were less likely to survive although these relationships were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, duration of care showed a statistically significant relationship with outcome as babies who spent one day and less in the neonatal unit  had  reduced odds of a favourable outcome (OR – 0.07). An increased odd of survival (OR – 2.09) was seen in babies with only one congenital birth defect.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of Congenital malformations in newborns was demonstrated in this study. This has highlighted the need for a well-designed surveillance, prevention and supportive hospital, State and National programme for affected babies and their families.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Cauliflower as Influenced by Different Sources of Nutrients and Mulching in Indo- Gangatic Plains of Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Mukesh , Singh Bijendra , Singh Manoj Kumar , Singh S. P. , Singh Rajat , Kumar Rajendra
Published: March 2021

A field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Center of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut, (UP) India during rabi season 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively with entitled “Effect of different sources of nutrients and mulching on sustainable production of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Pusa Ashwani”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eleven treatments. The results showed that plants treated with integrated application of inorganic fertilizer, Vermicompost, Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria), Black mulch (2.5 mm) proved significantly better over the recommended practice 100% RDF (Recommended doses of fertilizer) and control. However, plants treated without organic manures and inorganic fertilizers resulted in significant reduction for various growth, yield and quality parameters. Among the treatments, plants fortified with application of 50% RDF + 15 t/ha Vermicompost + Azotobacter (5 kg/ha) + PSB (5kg/ha) + Black mulch (2.5 mm) was found to better growth, yield and quality for both years.
A Comparative Evaluation of Frictional Resistance of Conventional, Teflon and Epoxy Coated Stainless Steel Archwires in Metal, Ceramic Brackets – An In vitro Study
Authors: Katepogu Praveen , Balagangadhar . , Patil Chetan Dilip , Jakati Sanjeev V.
Published: March 2021

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the frictional resistance of Conventional, Teflon, and Epoxy coated stainless steel archwires in Metal, Ceramic brackets.

Materials and Methods: 0.019” x 0.025” Stainless steel arch wire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Teflon coated stainless steel archwire. (D-TechTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Epoxy coated stainless steel archwire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.22 MBT Stainless steel (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM,) lower incisor brackets – 30n, 0.22 MBT Ceramic (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM), lower incisor brackets – 60n. The wires are cut into 5cm long and are ligated to bracket using 0.010- inch ligature wire. Acrylic block is placed in lower arm of Instron universal testing machine, free end of wire is pulled with upper arm of universal testing machine, at a rate of 10 mm/ min while the wire is placed parallel to long axis of bracket and tooth, and a load of 50 kg was used to measure frictional forces.

Results: Stainless steel bracket combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 2.640N (mean) and minimum was 0.307N (mean) with a SD of ±1.2275 (0.6618). Stainless-steel bracket combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 10.3N and minimum was 5.62N with a SD of ± 7.3513 (1.8975). Stainless steel bracket combined with Teflon coated SS wire maximum Friction noted was 5.59N and minimum was 1.66N with a SD of ± 1.8652 (0.9545). Ceramic brackets combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 10.88N and minimum 4.29N with a SD of ± 6.55529 (1.6081). Ceramic brackets combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction 14.88N and minimum 5.62 with a SD of ± 9.3305 (2.4077) Ceramic brackets combined with Teflon coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 6.93N and minimum 4.31N with a SD of ±6.3483 (1.2302)

Conclusions: Stainless steel brackets combined with stainless steel archwires or Teflon coated archwires may be used effectively in sliding mechanics, rather than ceramic brackets and tooth-colored epoxy coated archwires.
An Autosomal Recessive form of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Due to Mutations in TRMT61A Gene: A Case Report
Authors: Sharif Fadel A.
Published: March 2021

Background: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare genetic disorder presenting with craniofacial dysmorphia, developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, upper limb abnormalities and gastrointestinal problems. The disease is genetically heterogenous and the underlying genetic cause in unknown in around 30% of the cases.

Case Presentation: A Palestinian family visited our department for genetic counseling. The non-consanguineous parents have only two (4 and 2 years old) daughters, both presented with features consistent with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Whole exome sequencing revealed two previously unknown coding variants in the autosomal TRMT61A, a gene that has not been linked to any human disease before. TRMT61A codes for the catalytic subunit of tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase. The mother harbored an in-frame deletion variant c.478_483delCGCACC (p.R160_T161del), whereas the father carried a missense variant c.323G>T (p.C108F). Both variants are novel and were predicted as "damaging". So far, no autosomal recessive forms of the disease has been described in the literature. The carrier states of the parents and the existence of the two variants in compound heterozygous forms in both girls was further confirmed by allele-specific PCR. In their next pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis indicated that the fetus is a carrier of the mother's variant and the pregnancy culminated in the birth of a healthy baby girl.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the TRMT61A mutations are the cause of the disease features observed in this family and supports the proposal that RNA modification defects are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
Quality of Grain Sorghum Seeds Coated with Different Combinations of Materials
Authors: Batista Vanessa Aparecida Pereira , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Pires José Inácio Coelho , Baroni Danilo Força , Silva Flávio Wirlan Andrade da
Published: March 2021

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the fifth most cultivated cereal in the world, has high liquidity in the market due to its nutritional and edaphoclimatic characteristics, however, because it is cultivated in marginal conditions, it presents productivity below its potential. The seed coating technique appears to optimize the cultivation of sorghum. The objective of this work was to analyze the quality of graniferous sorghum seeds coated with different filling materials and proportions of glue as a cementing material. After covering, the physical and physiological characteristics of the seeds and the initial development of plants in the greenhouse were evaluated. It was found that the coating with calcium silicate provided the best physical characteristics to the seeds with the highest adherence rates, total area, maximum and minimum diameter. The coatings with dolomitic limestone and dolomitic limestone + sand provided the best physiological performance of the seeds with the highest germination values ​​and root dry matter. The proportion of cementitious material 3: 1 provided good results in addition to being more economical. It is concluded that the combination of the filling material and the cementing material used in the coating of graniferous sorghum seeds interferes with their physiological performance and physical aspect.
Snail Slime: Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Chinaka N. C. , Chuku L. C. , George G. , Oraezu C. , Umahi G. , Orinya O. F.
Published: March 2021

Snails posses numerous nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic properties, making it an essential component of human nutrition, medicinal and skin health. This study is aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of snail slime obtained from giant African land snail (Achatina fulica). The slime was extracted by low heat method and anti-inflammatory properties was ascertained by inducing paw edema in day old chicks using carrageenan, the phytochemical screening was conducted to ascertain the level of phenols and flavonoids, while the antioxidant properties was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, using ascorbic acid as standard. Statistical analysis using ANOVA version 20.0 was conducted to analyze the data obtained from the study. Post study statistics of data (mean ± SD) indicates that the snail slime extract potentially posses anti-inflammatory, relative phytochemical and antioxidant properties at significant (p≤0.05) level, hence validating its use in nutrition, medicinal and cosmetic purposes, and preparations.
Frequency and Outcome of Hypoglycemia in Severely Malnourished Children at Tertiary Care Hospital Larkana
Authors: Rizwana . , Bhagchand . , Rai Gulab , Das Chetan , Lal Shanti , Jamro Saifullah
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine frequency and outcome of hypoglycemia in severely malnourished children at tertiary care Hospital Larkana.

Methodology: This descriptive, case series study was carried out at the department of Pediatric Medicine Chandka Medical Hospital Larkana, during 6 months. Severely malnourished children of both gender and age between 6 months to 5 years were enrolled. Severity of malnutrition was evaluated as per standard anthropometric measures i.e. height, body weight, MUAC (mid upper arm circumference) by standard MUAC tape. Hypoglycemia was assessed by checking random blood sugar on glucometer. All the data was recorded via self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 24.27±15.30 months. Mean MUAC was 9.39±1.56. There were 96 (52.20%) females and 88 (47.80%) males. Mean serum glucose level was found to be 86.02±21.58 mg/dL. There were 23(12.50%) patients with hypoglycemia and out of which 16 (69.60%) patients expired and 7 (30.40%) patients survived.

Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was found to be 12.50% in severely malnourished children and it was significantly associated with adverse outcome.
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves
Authors: Kale Ramdas N. , Patil Ravindra Y.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Many modern medicines used today based on plants and plant products. Piper betle is generally known as the betle vine, it is an important medicinal and recreational plant. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an advanced powerful analytical method with more separation power, high performance and superior reproducibility than classic thin layer chromatography (TLC). A chromatographic fingerprint of a plant extract is a chromatographic pattern of some common chemical constituents of pharmacologically active and/or chemical characteristics. Chromatographic fingerprints are useful in authentication and identification of plant.

Objectives:  Objectives of present research was to establish HPTLC fingerprinting of methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves.

Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. HPTLC studies were performed using a CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with automatic TLC sampler-4 (ATS 4), TLC scanner 4, and vision CATS 3.0 software.

Results: The study revealed the presence of alkaloids with Rf value 0.65, flavonoids with Rf values 0.19, 0.29, 0.72, 0.95., and phenolic compound with Rf value 0.7.

Conclusion: The HPTLC fingerprinting profile developed for the methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves will help in proper identification of the plant.Piper betle
Screening of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces Species from a Soil Sample that Can Produce Anti-Nematodal and Antiprotozoal Avermectins
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Magdum Poonam , Jadhav Tejashree , Berge Samruddhi , Shinde Bharat
Published: March 2021

Avermectins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, which act on invertebrates. They activate glutamate-gated chloride channels in their nerves and muscles which in turn disrupt pharyngeal function and locomotion. Avermectin ingested insects are paralyzed and starve to death. Ten isolates identified as avermectin producers were characterized by morphological, colony characters and biochemical tests. Secondary screening leads to the identification of four isolates PM2; PM4; PM7 and PM10 which produced 10, 8.4, 3.8 and 6.9mg respectively as identified by HPTLC. Bio-autography illustrated their anti-nematodal and antiprotozoal activity; the zone of clearance (turbid) was recorded 43, 24, 32 and 37 mm respectively for PM2 through PM10.
Role of Pharmacist in Addressing the Adverse Drug Reactions and Improving the Knowledge of Patients Regarding Their Drug Therapy at Government Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Zuheeb , Metlo Marvi , Ali Sajid , Ali Shahzad , Kumar Hetesh , Ahmed Tahseen , Ahmer Arslan , Ali Sabit , Abbas Jabbar , Rizvi Syed Shafqat Ali Shah
Published: March 2021

Adverse Drug Reactions are among the major problems that cause mortality and morbidity in patients worldwide. In this study, Adverse Drug Reactions with common medicines were addressed, and the knowledge of pharmacist for prescribed medicine was also evaluated before and after educating the patients by pharmacist. The duration of this study was one year from October 2016 to October 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and completed on 150 patients admitted to the hospital's medical ward. Patients whose ages were between 18-60 years, either male or female, who reported chronic diseases and took medication for a long time were selected for the study. Children or patients having < 18 years and taking medicine for a short period were excluded from this study. Selected patients were evaluated, and results were collected. Finally, the collected data was analysed with the 21st version of IBM’s Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS v23). Of 150 selected patients, 61% were male, and 39% were female. Most patients were from the 18-30 age group, i.e., 28%. 60% of the patients hail from rural areas, and 40% from an urban areas. Of the 150 patient studied, 36.7% were illiterate, and only 4.7% of patients were above intermediate. Most of the patients were working in different government and private sectors. 8% of those taking the combination of Amoxicillin+Omeprazole+Salbutamol reported side-effects, whereas minimum side effects (2.0%) with Cholorothiazide+Atenolol+ Paracetamol. Reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients were Headache (14.9%), nausea (13.8%), vomiting (10.3%), abdominal pain (12.6%), constipation (8.0%), diarrhea (10.3%), skin rashes (5.7%), loss of appetite (4.6%), dizziness (6.9%), tiredness (6.9%) and confusion (5.7%). The knowledge of patients regarding therapy was compared before and after counseling that shows increased awareness in patients after counseling the patients. Before counseling average knowledge of patients was 27.5% that increased to 50.3% after counseling. After analyzing the results, it is concluded that pharmacist counseling and providing education to patients can significantly decrease the ADRs and increase the compliance of drugs that will ultimately enhance patients' quality of life. It was recommended that the hospital should appoint the pharmacist, especially a clinical pharmacist, and Hospital administration should arrange the programs for the awareness of patients on appropriate uses of drugs and their side effects.
Myco-deterioration of Smoke-Dried African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Stored at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Abiala Moses A. , Okusanya Abiola M. , Olanbiwoninu Afolake A. , Abiala Opeyemi A. , Ibadin Francis H.
Published: March 2021

The current study was carried out on moulds associated with sequential deterioration of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus stored at ambient temperature. Samples of smoke-dried catfish were obtained from street shops, commercial vendors and as well as from neighbouring rural markets where large percentage of population used to buy for consumption. Mould infestation, nutritional composition, pH and moisture content were determined in parallel at week 0, 3 and 6. Results of the study pointed that mould load increased with storage period and ranged from 2.00 x 102 to 11.31 x 102 cfu/g. The associated moulds were identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. versicolor, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Penicillium species and Mucor species.  As the storage duration advances at the ambient temperature, the associated moulds maintained sequential succession in the smoke-dried catfish. Specifically, A. flavus and A. versicolor succeeded A. niger and A. fumigatus till week 3, and A. flavus activated the succession till week 6. Unfortunately, apart from Penicillium commune that joined the activities of P. crysogenum at week 6, other moulds were not succeeded. The crude fat, fibre, protein and ash content decreased while the moisture content of the smoke-dried catfish gradually increased. Slightly acidic to neutral pH was maintained throughout the period of storage. Our study therefore revealed that sequential myco-deterioration of smoke-dried catfish is possible when stored for long period at ambient temperature.
Carboxylates and alcohols production in an autotrophic hydrogen‐based membrane biofilm reactor
Authors: Calvo Diana C. , Ontiveros‐Valencia Aura , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa , Torres Cesar I. , Rittmann Bruce E.
Published: March 2021

Microbiological conversion of CO2 into biofuels and/or organic industrial feedstock is an excellent carbon‐cycling strategy. Here, autotrophic anaerobic bacteria in the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) transferred electrons from hydrogen gas (H2) to inorganic carbon (IC) and produced organic acids and alcohols. We systematically varied the H2‐delivery, the IC concentration, and the hydraulic retention time in the MBfR. The relative availability of H2 versus IC was the determining factor for enabling microbial chain elongation (MCE). When the H2:IC mole ratio was high (>2.0 mol H2/mol C), MCE was an important process, generating medium‐chain carboxylates up to octanoate (C8, 9.1 ± 1.3 mM C and 28.1 ± 4.1 mmol C m−2 d−1). Conversely, products with two carbons were the only ones present when the H2:IC ratio was low (<2.0 mol H2/mol C), so that H2 was the limiting factor. The biofilm microbial community was enriched in phylotypes most similar to the well‐known acetogen Acetobacterium for all conditions tested, but phylotypes closely related with families capable of MCE (e.g., Bacteroidales, Rhodocyclaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Thermoanaerobacteriales, and Erysipelotrichaceae) became important when the H2:IC ratio was high. Thus, proper management of IC availability and H2 supply allowed control over community structure and function, reflected by the chain length of the carboxylates and alcohols produced in the MBfR.
In‐depth Understanding of the Effects of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Carbon Nitride Based Photocatalysts†
Authors: Sun Zongzhao , Tan Yueyang , Wan Jianyong , Huang Limin
Published: March 2021

Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) derived from a donor‐acceptor system has been applied for years to enhance the charge mobility in the field of organic photovoltaics and chemical sensing. Similar strategies have gradually been developed in polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) photocatalytic systems for promoting the light absorption and charge separation. However, there are no reviews focusing on the effects of ICT after the modification of GCN so far. Herein, we summarize some typical literature on GCN engineering to expound profoundly the roles of ICT in electronic properties regulation in terms of in‐situ formation and molecular coupling. At last, some important perspectives are also proposed. This review will deepen understanding of the traditional theory for a new recognition among such many methods to improve the performance of GCN.
Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasound Versus Physical Examination in Assessing Knee Effusions
Authors: Meyer Ryan , Lin Christina , Yenokyan Gayane , Ellen Mark
Published: March 2021

Knee effusion can be detected by physical examination, ultrasound and MRI, but the utility of each test is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of physical examination and ultrasound for knee effusion. A systematic literature search of electronic databases was completed. Bivariate mixed‐effects regression modelling was used to estimate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of physical examination and ultrasound diagnosis of knee effusion. Sensitivity of ultrasound diagnosis of knee effusion was higher than the bulge sign and patellar tap, leading to improved positive and negative predictive values.
Cryogel Carriers Comprising β‐Cyclodextrin Moieties for Improved Solubilization and Delivery of Aripiprazole
Authors: Danov Yavor , Georgieva Dilyana , Mihaylova Rositsa , Kostova Bistra , Petrov Petar D.
Published: March 2021

Aripiprazole is a second‐generation atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, tic disorders, major depressive disorder, etc. However, aripiprazole is poorly soluble in water and many efforts are focused on developing delivery systems which can improve the solubility and the therapeutic activity of aripiprazole. In this contribution, the fabrication of novel cryogel carriers comprising β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) moieties for improved solubilization of aripiprazole is reported. Cryogels are synthesized by photochemical crosslinking of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and β‐CD triacrylate (β‐CD‐Ac3) in frozen aqueous system using H2O2 as initiator. The effect of DMA/β‐CD‐Ac3 mass ratio on the reaction efficiency, physico‐mechanical properties of cryogel, and drug loading efficiency is evaluated. The cryogel carriers are loaded with aripiprazole via procedure favoring inclusion of drug molecules into the hydrophobic cavity of β‐CD. The release of aripiprazole from PDMA/β‐CD carriers at pH 1.2 and 6.8 is studied and compared to the pure PDMA carriers.
High Aspect Ratio Polymeric Nanoneedle Arrays
Authors: McCormack James C. , Podhorska Lucia , Delaney Colm , Zhang Fengyuan , Rodriguez Brian J. , Kelleher Susan M.
Published: March 2021

High aspect ratio (HAR) nanoneedle arrays can be used to tune the intrinsic properties of substrates such as their wettability and reflectivity. Here, a simple and scalable fabrication method for producing dense arrays of freestanding polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoneedles with sub 50 nm tips and surface coverage up to 83 needles per µm2 is presented. Two distinct sets of silicon nanoneedle master arrays with base diameters between 15 and 265 nm and heights between 146 and 613 nm are fabricated using block copolymer micelle lithography. Replication of selected silicon masters using photocurable polymers produces HAR PEG nanoneedle arrays with feature base diameters ranging between 15 and 292 nm and heights between 133 and 656 nm. At their maximum, the aspect ratio of the pillars is 4.6. PEG nanoneedle arrays are produced using polymers with two different molecular weights as well as two different photoinitiators, showing the versatility of the process.
Quantitative analysis of myokymic discharges in radiation versus nonradiation cases
Authors: Oishi Tatsuya , Ryan Conor S. , Vazquez Do Campo Rocio , Laughlin Ruple S. , Rubin Devon I.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Myokymic discharges are classically associated with nerve injury from prior radiation but may occur in other neuromuscular disorders. Using quantitative analysis we aimed to identify the spectrum of conditions in which myokymic discharges are present and determine if there are electrophysiological features that distinguish postradiation from nonradiation causes of myokymia.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical history of all patients examined in our electromyography labs with myokymic discharges recorded from June 2017 to February 2020. Quantitative analysis of each myokymic discharge was performed using a custom MATLAB script, assessing features such as burst frequency, spikes per burst, and burst regularity.

Results

Eighty‐eight distinct myokymic discharges (70 patients) were analyzed: 51 postradiation recordings from 35 patients and 37 recordings from 35 nonradiation patients. The diagnostic spectrum of nonradiation cases was diverse, with common causes being median neuropathy (n = 8), cervical (n = 7), and lumbar (n = 5) radiculopathy, and motor neuron disease (n = 5). On quantitative analysis, postradiation myokymia had an increased burst‐to‐silence ratio (median, 0.29; nonradiation, 0.08) and greater peak number (median, 15; nonradiation, 7). Except for one patient with hereditary peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, all patients who had two or more muscles demonstrating myokymic discharges belonged to postradiation group.

Conclusions

Myokymic discharges can be seen in diverse neuromuscular conditions; most common in our cohort was chronic median neuropathy. Postradiation myokymia appears to have distinguishing morphological features when quantitatively analyzed compared with nonradiation cases.
The EMT transcription factor ZEB1 blocks osteoblastic differentiation in bone development and osteosarcoma
Authors: Ruh Manuel , Stemmler Marc P , Frisch Isabell , Fuchs Kathrin , van Roey Ruthger , Kleemann Julia , Roas Maike , Schuhwerk Harald , Eccles Rebecca L , Agaimy Abbas , Baumhoer Daniel , Berx Geert , Müller Fabian , Brabletz Thomas , Brabletz Simone
Published: March 2021

Osteosarcoma is an often‐fatal mesenchyme‐derived malignancy in children and young adults. Overexpression of EMT‐transcription factors (EMT‐TFs) has been associated with poor clinical outcome. Here, we demonstrated that the EMT‐TF ZEB1 is able to block osteoblastic differentiation in normal bone development as well as in osteosarcoma cells. Consequently, overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma characterizes poorly differentiated, highly metastatic subgroups and its depletion induces differentiation of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma is frequently associated with silencing of the imprinted DLK‐DIO3 locus, which encodes for microRNAs targeting ZEB1. Epigenetic reactivation of this locus in osteosarcoma cells reduces ZEB1 expression, induces differentiation, and sensitizes to standard treatment, thus indicating therapeutic options for ZEB1‐driven osteosarcomas. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
On the Terracini Locus of Projective
Varieties
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Chiantini Luca
Published: March 2021

We introduce and study properties of the Terracini locus of projective
varieties X, which is the locus of finite sets $$S \subset X$$

S
⊂
X

such that 2S fails to impose
independent conditions to a linear system L. Terracini loci are relevant in the
study of interpolation problems over double points in special position, but they
also enter naturally in the study of special loci contained in secant varieties to
projective varieties.

We find some criteria which exclude that a set S belongs to the Terracini
locus. Furthermore, in the case where X is a Veronese variety, we bound the
dimension of the Terracini locus and we determine examples in which the locus
has codimension 1 in the symmetric product of X.
Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) is associated with a high immunoscore but not with PD-L1 expression or increased survival in patients (pts.) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with oxaliplatin (ox) and fluoropyrimidine (FP) with and without bevacizumab (bev): a pooled analysis of the AIO KRK 0207 and RO91 trials
Authors: Noepel-Duennebacke Stefanie , Juette Hendrik , Schulmann Karsten , Graeven Ulrich , Porschen Rainer , Stoehlmacher Jan , Hegewisch-Becker Susanna , Raulf Arne , Arnold Dirk , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Tannapfel Aandrea
Published: March 2021

Introduction

In a retrospective analysis of two randomized phase III trials in mCRC patients treated first line with oxaliplatin, fluoropyrimidine with and without Bevacizumab (the AIO KRK 0207 and R091 trials) we evaluated the association of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), immunoscore (IS) and PD-L1 expression in relation to overall survival (OS).

Methods

In total, 550 samples were analysed. Immunohistochemical analysis of the MMR proteins and additionally fragment length analysis was performed, molecular examinations via allele-discriminating PCR in combination with DNA sequencing. Furthermore PD-L1 and IS were assessed.

Results

MSI-H tumors were more frequent in right sided tumors (13.66% vs. 4.14%) and were correlated with mutant BRAF (p = 0.0032), but not with KRAS nor NRAS mutations (MT). 3.1% samples were found to be PD-L1 positive, there was no correlation of PDL1 expression with MSI-H status, but in a subgroup analysis of MSI-H tumors the percentage of PD-L1 positive tumors was higher than in MSS tumors (9.75% vs. 2.55%). 8.5% of samples showed a positive IS, MSI-H was associated with a high IS. The mean IS of the pooled population was 0.57 (SD 0.97), while the IS of MSI-H tumors was significantly higher (mean of 2.4; SD 1.4; p =< 0.0001).

Discussion

Regarding OS in correlation with MSI-H, PD-L1 and IS status we did not find a significant difference. However, PD-L1 positive mCRC tended to exhibit a longer OS compared to PD-L1 negative cancers (28.9 vs. 22.1 months).
Tumor patients’ fears and worries and perceived changes of specific attitudes, perceptions and behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic are still relevant
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Recchia Daniela Rodrigues , Hübner Jutta , Walter Stefanie , Büntzel Judith , Büntzel Jens
Published: March 2021

Objective

During the COVID-19 pandemic, tumor patients not only perceived fears and worries but were experiencing also positive changes as the perception of nature and silence, moments of wondering awe, and more intense relationships. We intended to analyze whether these perceptions may differ between patients from waves 1 and 2 of the pandemic.

Methods

Cross-sectional study at two time periods (May to June, sample 1) and September to November 2020 (sample 2) with standardized questionnaires (i.e. WHO-5, MLQ, PCQ-12).

Results

Patients from sample 1 (n = 292) and sample 2 (n = 221) did not differ with respect to gender, age, partner or tumor status. Most are still “irritated by statements about danger and course of the infection” (58%) and are “worrying to be infected and to have complicated course of disease” (55%). Neither their well-being nor meaning in life nor fears and worries were significantly different. In sample 2 patients, Worrying reflections and loneliness scored significantly lower, while their Perception of nature and silence was lower in trend only; more intense relationships are still relevant. Moments of wondering awe and religious trust were perceived less often during wave 2. Particularly religious patients scored stronger for Perception of nature and silence and Worrying reflections and loneliness.

Conclusion

Oncologists/psychologist have to know that patients’ situation has not changed within the time of pandemic and that they still require information, close support and encouragement to rely on their resources to cope. Perceived changes are reflecting coping strategies that could be trained to increase patients’ resilience during further pandemic waves.
Mechanical circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock not secondary to cardiotomy: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Benenati Stefano , Toma Matteo , Canale Claudia , Vergallo Rocco , Bona Roberta Della , Ricci Davide , Canepa Marco , Crimi Gabriele , Santini Francesco , Ameri Pietro , Porto Italo
Published: March 2021

To compare the efficacy and safety of different mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices in CS. A total of 24 studies (7 randomized controlled trials—RCTs—and 17 non-RCTs) involving 11,117 patients were entered in a Bayesian network meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were stroke and bleeding (requiring transfusion and/or intracranial and/or fatal). Compared with no MCS, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) reduced 30-day mortality when used both alone (OR 0.37, 95% CrI 0.15–0.90) and together with the micro-axial pump Impella (OR 0.13, 95% CrI 0.02–0.80) or intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (OR 0.19, 95% CrI 0.05–0.63), although the relevant articles were affected by significant publication bias. Consistent results were obtained in a sensitivity analysis including only studies of CS due to myocardial infarction. After halving the weight of studies with a non-RCT design, only the benefit of ECMO + IABP on 30-day mortality was maintained (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.057–0.76). The risk of bleeding was increased by TandemHeart (OR 13, 95% CrI 3.50–59), Impella (OR 5, 95% CrI 1.60–18), and IABP (OR 2.2, 95% CrI 1.10–4.4). No significant differences were found across MCS strategies regarding stroke. Although limited by important quality issues, the studies performed so far indicate that ECMO, especially if combined with Impella or IABP, reduces short-term mortality in CS. MCS increases the hazard of bleeding.
New insights of Nb2O5-based coatings on the 316L SS surfaces: enhanced biological responses
Authors: Moreto Jéferson Aparecido , Gelamo Rogério Valentim , da Silva Marcos Vinicius , Steffen Teresa Tromm , de Oliveira Carlo José Freire , de Almeida Buranello Patrícia Andressa , Pinto Marcelo Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

This communication aims to propose new insights of Nb2O5-based coatings on the 316L SS surface with great prospects to be used in the dentistry field as brackets. The Nb2O5thin film was incorporated into the 316L SS by using PVD method. For this purpose, the studied system was characterized structurally and morphologically by using AFM, FTIR-IRRAS, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Biological assays were performed using human gingival fibroblast cell-line HGF-1. In agreement with FTIR and Raman results, the XPS technique indicates that Nb is present in an oxidation state assigned to Nb2O5.Furthermore, the coatings produced by PVD technique are less toxic and induces less inflammation in gingival cells (cell-line HGF-1), suggesting the strategy of use Nb2O5thin film to cover the 316L SS promoted since its protection of the physiological environment to its biocompatibility improvement.
Non-pharmaceutical Interventions and the Infodemic on Twitter: Lessons Learned from Italy during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Massaro Maurizio , Tamburro Paola , La Torre Matteo , Dal Mas Francesca , Thomas Ronald , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Barach Paul
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic changed expectations for information dissemination and use around the globe, challenging accepted models of communications, leadership, and social systems. We explore how social media discourse about COVID-19 in Italy was affected by the rapid spread of the virus, and how themes in postings changed with the adoption of social distancing measures and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). We used topic modeling and social network analysis to highlight critical dimensions of conversations around COVID-19: 1) topics in social media postings about the Coronavirus; 2) the scope and reach of social networks; and 3) changes in social media content as the nation moved from partial to full social distancing. Twitter messages sent in Italy between February 11th and March 10th, 2020. 74,306 Tweets sent by institutions, news sources, elected officials, scientists and social media influencers. Messages were retweeted more than 1.2 million times globally. Non-parametric chi-square statistic with residual analysis to identify categories, chi-square test for linear trend, and Social Network Graphing. The first phase of the pandemic was dominated by social media influencers, followed by a focus on the economic consequences of the virus and placing blame on immigrants. As the crisis deepened, science-based themes began to predominate, with a focus on reducing the spread of the virus through physical distancing and business closures Our findings highlight the importance of messaging in social media in gaining the public’s trust and engagement during a pandemic. This requires credible scientific voices to garner public support for effective mitigation. Fighting the spread of an infectious disease goes hand in hand with stemming the dissemination of lies, bad science, and misdirection.