bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Policies to Support Entrepreneurship and SMEs Growth: The Case of Libya
Authors: A.N. Emad , S. Kalim
Published: July 2022

This study explored the role of government policies to support entrepreneurship and the growth of Small - Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Libyan economy. Due to the current situation of the business in Libya, urgent policies need from the Libyan government to focus on several aspects of SMEs for entrepreneurship and economic growth. Because of these challenges, the objective of this study is to establish a solid foundation for understanding the government's role in promoting entrepreneurship, also creating business for SMEs. The study found some circumstances that promote entrepreneurship and the environment of SMEs in the Libyan economy, such as investigating the impact of various types of recent government policies, identifying difficulties and challenges, improving the higher education system, and analysing Libyan decision-makers perspectives. As a result, the study indicated that Libyan government policies for entrepreneurship play a positive and crucial role in the development and growth of SMEs.
Penggunaan Metode Dialog (Muhawaroh) dalam Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Arab Kelas VII di MTs Daarul Ma’arif Purwakarta
Authors: Julianti Julianti , Susilawati Susilawati , Rizal Munir Dede
Published: July 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurang efektifnya penggunaan metode yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran kalam. Sehingga penting untuk peneliti membahas beberapa hal mengenai: 1) penggunaan metode dialog (muhawaroh) dalam berbicara bahasa Arab di MTs Daarul Ma'arif, 2) kelebihan dan kekurangan penggunaan metode dialog (muhawaroh) dalam berbicara bahasa Arab di MTs Daarul Ma' arif. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan Teknik analisi wacana. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode dialog (muhawaroh) dalam keterampilan berbicara pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di MTs Daarul Ma’arif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode dialog muhawaroh lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya. Karena dengan menggunakan metode ini siswa terlihat lebih aktif dan interaktif serta antusias dalam mempelajari apa yang disampaikan.
Sensory Ecology and Bioacoustics of Marine Animals
Authors: Radford Craig
Published: August 2022

The marine explorer Jacques Cousteau’s call his famous underwater documentary the “Silent World,” how could he get it so wrong? The underwater world is a rich acoustic sensory environment that many marine animals have taken advantage of. The University’s Leigh Marine Laboratory has a long history in bioacoustics, where we were the first to show that tiny marine larvae can use underwater sound to navigate and locate reef habitat. Since then, it has established itself as a world leader in understand how marine animals sense and utilise the rich sensory underwater acoustic environment. This is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach, by understanding the physical soundscape, anatomical and physiological studies, and behavioural experiments. Here, I will describe some of the exciting research we are undertaking in each of these fields.
Secondary School Students’ Experience with Online Lessons during the First Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barnová Silvia , Krásna Slávka , Geršicová Zuzana
Published: August 2022

In the proposed paper, the authors present the results of a questionnaire survey on Slovak secondary school students’ experiences gained during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaire surveys have been carried out within an ongoing research project focused on the limits of online learning in secondary schools and on new opportunities brought by the involuntary transfer from school-based to distance learning during the pandemic crisis. The research sample consists of secondary school students who, in June 2020, were questioned about their experiences with online lessons during the first wave of the pandemic, and, in the academic year 2020/2021, a questionnaire on their experiences gained during the second pandemic wave was administered to them. Even though the results point to certain issues and fields which need to be improved, students showed overall satisfaction with the live-streamed lessons during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
SWOT Analysis of Virtual Reality Creation Equipments
Authors: Kuna Peter , Hašková Alena , Borza Ľuboš
Published: August 2022

In conditions of isolation, quarantines, and lockdowns under the coronavirus pandemic, technology became the main means of pupil/student-teacher connection and communication, as well as an essential tool for schools to offer continuous education possibilities. A very specific problem, which the secondary vocational schools were facing, was practical vocational training and excursions, which are an important part of apprentices` learning experiences. To help secondary vocational schools to solve this problem the authors have started to consider the development of a virtual reality application, which would enable at least partially to replace personal forms of excursions with their virtual forms. In context of the stated intention, there was elaborated a SWOT analysis of virtual reality creation equipment, at particular cameras with their possible software facilities. In the paper, the authors describe the methodology of the analysis and summarize its main results.
Digital Literacy in Transversal Competences of Future Teachers
Authors: Serafin Cestmir
Published: August 2022

Digital literacy has been a much-discussed topic in the context of Czech education in recent years, both the concept of digital literacy itself and especially the way of its development in pre-primary, primary and secondary education. The paper presents and analyses the didactic aspects of the implementation of the European Framework of Digital Competences for Teachers in teacher education programmes. Particular attention is paid to transversal competences in the competence model of the teacher, optimized for achieving digital literacy, enabling the subsequent development of digital literacy in learning individuals. The definitions and conclusions are discussed in the context of foreign sources and the currently addressed concept in the Czech Republic.
Serum Estradiol levels during First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Khalid Attiqa , Gill Maria , Nazir Sadia , Farooq Nazia , Naeem Faiqa Jabeen , Ali Zaima , Zafar Uzma , Qureshi Hamid Javaid
Published: July 2022

Aim: To investigate serum estradiol levels during first trimester. Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted on pregnant women between 18 to 35 years of age presenting during first trimester in obstetric unit of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Ultrasonography was done to confirm the viability of fetus. 53 women with nonviable pregnancy were included Group 1 and 28 women with viable fetus and no complication were included in Group 2. Those having any systemic illness or history of estrogen intake were excluded. Using aseptic measures, venous blood samples were taken, and serum was separated. Serum estradiol levels were measured by using immunoenzymometric assay (EIA). Median serum Estradiol levels were compared. Receiver operative characteristics (ROC) curve was plotted. Results: Median serum estradiol levels of women with viable pregnancy 150.49 ng/mL (71.01-393.75) were significantly higher than abortion group 9.96ng/mL (2.87-37.7). A cut off value 47.9ng/ml of serum estradiol is 82% sensitive and 81% specific for a viable pregnancy. Conclusion: Optimal serum estradiol levels are necessary for viability of pregnancy. Keywords: Estradiol, pregnancy, abortion, first trimester, early pregnancy failure.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Slit Skin Smear and FNAC in Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Khan Yasin , Farooq Muhammad , Fatima Nighat , Khan Seemab , Irum Shagufta
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the efficacy of slit skin smear and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis while keeping histopathological analysis as a gold standard. Place and duration of study: From 6th Jan 2020 to 6th Jan 2021 at Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental College, Multan. Study design: A Cross-Sectional Study Methodology: In this study, a total of 180 patients were observed. In the slit skin smear technique, the Smear was fixed and stained with Leishman or Giemsa stain. For the FNAC technique, hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained smear slides were prepared which were examined under light power. For FNAC, the stained slides were examined under low (10x) and high power (40x) to examine cell mass and product formation and then under oil immersion lens (100x) for identifying the morphology of the parasite. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of slit skin smear was 44.44% and that of fine-needle aspiration cytology was 88.33%. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology has better diagnostic accuracy as compared to slit skin smear in diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Keywords: slit skin smear, fine needle aspiration cytology, cutaneous leishmaniasis, histopathology.
Prognostic Significance of ALT/AST in diabetic patients having Myocarditis secondary to COVID Pneumonia
Authors: Ali Muhammad Rashid , Haroon Maryam , Samayyah Rumla , Salman Fareeha , Butt Ambreen
Published: July 2022

Aim: To compare the predictive accuracy of raised ALT/AST ratio in diabetic patients for survival and myocarditis due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Study design: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted at Department of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore for about 6 months (March 2020 to September 2020) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months at Services Hospital in Lahore (March 2020 to September 2020). A total of 350 patients’ ALT and AST levels will be tested in blood. Patients’ survival rates will be tracked. Patients with myocarditis and ALT/AST ratios below 0.90 had a dismal prognosis. Results: The average female age was 47.87.15.82. There were 142 men (40%) and 208 women (59.4%). There were 131 light (36.4%), 77 moderate (22%), 83 severe (23.7%), and 59 serious cases (16.9%). Mean ALT/AST was 0.89 0.33. 58 patients (16.6%) had myocarditis, and 66 (18.9%) died in the hospital. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of the ALT/AST ratio for predicting diabetic patient survival were 56.1%, 39.1%, 17.6%, 79.3%, and 42.3%. The ALT/AST ratio’s sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy were 78%, 42.9%, 20%, 91.3%, and 48.3% for predicting the survival of diabetic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia-related myocarditis. Conclusion: This study found that ALT/AST ratio is not a strong predictor of mortality in diabetic patients with COVID-19-related myocarditis. Keywords: ALT, AST, diabetes mellitus, myocarditis, COVID-19 pneumonia
Understanding the need of Geriatric Medicine in Pakistan
Authors: Tehseen Saema
Published: July 2022

Aim: To determine the common problems of advancing age and their plausible solutions. Study design: Prospective Observational Study. Setting: Pakistan Airforce Hospital Sargodha Duration of study: One year from 1st January 2020 till 31st December 2020. Methods: All elderly citizens both male and female were interviewed regarding the common difficulties faced by them in their day to day life to quantify the magnitude of the problem and consequently help finding easy plausible solutions . Results: All senior citizens approachable in person or on phone over the age of sixty five both males and females were interviewed. Interviews were carried out by using a specially designed short , crisp and easy to understand questionnaire. Common difficulties faced in this age group were listed and their magnitude was estimated so that strategies can be defined to help resolve those. Common difficulties were related to social life, relationships, self care , mobility, psychological and emotional health. In the wake of interviews we found majority of people highlighted that with advancing age the quality of care imparted to them diminishes although the demands made are minimized due to lack of reassurance and uncertainty. This instills a lack of confidence in them. Moreover the monotony over days, weeks and years causes a loss of self worth and self esteem. Conclusion: As an evolving society of a developed country we have the advantage of utilizing models of Geriatric Care already in place in the developed world. Whereby Geriatric Medicine is a specialty for addressing the needs of advancing age and Hospice looks after the terminally ill patients of any age in a nonhospital environment. Many solutions can be offered and exercised without a big resource may it be human, material or financial. Keywords: Geriatric Care, Senior Citizen, Home and Hospice
The Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Glucose and Lipid Disorder among patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type-2
Authors: Khan Sajjad , Bhatti Irfan Rafiq , Jarwar Ghulam S. , Naeem Sumaira , Iqbal Javed , Rizwan Samreen , Yahya Muhammad , Sajjad Saadia
Published: July 2022

Background: The diabetes Mellitus Type -2 disease has become prevalent globally and the treatment of the disease is quite expansive and long term, especially in the low-income countries like Pakistan. Aim: To explore the evidence of the efficacy of Intermittent Fasting as an alternative therapy in Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 by reviewing the existing literature on intermittent fasting globally. Methods: The literature on the effect of Intermittent Fasting on diabetes type-2 was searched on PubMed, and Google scholar and more than 20 studies conducted on the IF on human beings were identified at national, regional, and global levels and reviewed. Results: Not much literature is available on Intermittent Fasting, especially in low-income countries and the majority of the studies have been conducted in high-income countries like the USA, Canada, Australia, and the UK. A few long-term, Randomized Control Trials have been conducted, and most are short-term studies. A few studies have been found on Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 in India and Pakistan that too related to the prevalence and economic burden of the disease in these countries. Conclusion: Based on the studies reviewed, we can conclude that there is growing evidence demonstrating the benefits of Intermittent Fasting in short- and medium-term studies on glucose and lipid homeostasis but there is a need to carry out more long-term studies with a larger number of participants and in low-income countries. Furthermore, the existing literature reveals that Intermittent Fasting can be used as an alternative in the supervision of physicians otherwise can be counterproductive. Keywords: Intermittent Fasting, Diabetes mellitus, weight loss, Lipid Disorder
Computed Tomography and Patient Risk: Facts, Perceptions and Uncertainties
Authors: Sohu Din Muhammad , Bozdar Naimatullah , Jamal Zeeshan , ullah Inayat , Phul Akhtar Hussain , Hafeez Rabia
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the role of computed tomography for management of Covid-19. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Teaching Hospital Sukkur from 1st November 2020 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred cases within various ages 5-55 years for analyzing their risk for CT scanning on them by highlighting the facts related to CT scan, patient perceptions and uncertainties regarding it. A 50 radiologist and 50 emergency doctors were also asked questions regarding their knowledge about CT scan risks and their responses were also documented. However previous CT record of patients suffering from carcinoma was also analyzed for understanding the fact related with CT imaging. Results: The mean age of patients undergoing CT scan was 39.5±5.6 years. There were 55% males who underwent CT scans while 45% females. The usual dosage for various radiological procedure shows that highest dose deliverance was given to the patients of CT pulmonary angiogram and coronary angiography. Only 50% of radiologists knew that CT scan is associated with high risk of malignancies. There were only 10% emergency medical doctors who also knew CT imaging relation with malignancy risk. Only 54% patients considered abdomen pelvic scan to be associated with increasing lifetime risk of cancer while 23% of the patients considered chest scan to be associated with escalating the risk of cancer. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan is related with a high risk of radiation exposure. There is a dire need of perception development and risk understanding with medical professionals and general public for minimizing this risk. Key words: Computed tomography, Risk, Facts, Perception, Uncertainties
Frequency of Hypothyroidism in Βeta Thalassemia Patients
Authors: iqbal Javeid , Khan Khurshid A. , Khan Zohaib A , Salman Sadia , Riaz Amna , Hassan Sadia
Published: July 2022

Aim: To find out the frequency of thyroid hypo-functioning in β-thalassemia patients presenting at Endocrinology Outpatient Department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study Place and duration of study: Allama Iqbal Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Jinnah Hospital Lahore from 5th June 2019 to 4th January 2020 Methodology: One hundred diagnosed cases of β-thalassemia of both genders with age range of 5-19 years were included. Random blood samples were taken to measure serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 levels by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Hypothyroidism was present in 32 (32%) patients. The frequency of hypothyroidism was same in 5-9 years versus 10-19 years age groups with no significant gender differences (p 0.434). The mean levels of ferritin were 5102±1134 ng/ml in thyroidhypo-functioning cases was 3687±1425 ng/ml in normal-functioning thyroid patients (P 0.001). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in β-thalassemia patients. Periodic check-ups are recommended for early diagnosis and interceptive treatment. Keywords: Thyroid; Hypothyroidism; Beta-thalassemia; Endocrinology
Morphological Spectrum of Endometrium in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Noor Nazia , Javed Sidra , Shah Remisha Zahid , Sahrish Fariha , Hafeez Amema , Niazi Mehwish
Published: July 2022

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the major problems requiring gynecological consultation. Biopsy proved to be gold standard for the accurate diagnosis of abnormal bleeding. It is more frequently observed in perimenopausal females. Aim: To determine morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients of pre and post-menopausal age groups with abnormal uterine bleeding. Study Design: Descriptive-cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, K. E. Medical University Lahore from 31-07-2018 31-01-2019 Methodology: Three hundred and eighty four patients undergoing diagnostic dilatation and curettage or hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding were included. Their demographic features i-e age and address were noted. The biopsies received in Pathology Department were formalin fixed, after tissue processing and cutting the slides were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains. Results: There were 311(80.99%) patients between 25-50 years of age whereas 73(19.01%) between 51-60 years of age. Morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients of pre and post-menopausal age groups with abnormal uterine bleeding shows that 71(18.49%) had proliferative morphology, 58(15.10%) had secretary, 37(9.64%) had simple hyperplasia, 56(14.58%) had complex hyperplasia, 17(4.43%) had atrophic endometrium and 145(37.76%) had other type of morphology (may include mechanical causes such as intrauterine contraceptive device and malignancy). Conclusion: Morphological spectrum of endometrium in patients of pre and postmenopausal age groups with abnormal uterine bleeding shows proliferative morphology as the common morphology followed by secretary, simple hyperplasia, and complex hyperplasia. Key words: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Morphological spectrum of endometrium, Proliferative
Perception of Undergraduate Medical Students about Integrated Modular Curriculum and Factors Affecting
Authors: Wajid Rabia , Asher Abid , Tariq Junaid
Published: July 2022

Aim: To explore the perceptions of undergraduate medical students about integrated modular curriculum and to identify the factors affecting it. Study design: Mixed method study Place and duration of study: King Edward Medical University (KEMU) from 1st November 2021 to 30th April 2022. Methods: The questionnaires were distributed to 391 MBBS students. In depth interviews were conducted from 16 students and audio-recorded. Results: Three hundred and fifty seven (91.3%) considered integrated curriculum a useful approach, 88% preferred this approach over traditional, more than 70% considered it useful for clinical insight and improvement in academic performance. Many (43%) of the students complained that the institutional environment was not helpful regarding implementation of integrated curriculum which was further explored by in-depth interview. Conclusion: The majority of students have shown a positive response to the modular integrated curriculum .It has helped them in improving academic performance and clinical insight. There is a need to improve university environment to implement integrated assessment more effectively. Keywords: Integrated modular curriculum, undergraduate, medical students, perception
Comparison of External Carotid Ligation and Pre Operative Embolization of Feeding Vessel for Controlling Per Operative Heamorrhage in Angiofibroma Excision
Authors: Aleem Zahra , Aziz Bakht , Rehman M. Atiq U , Wahab M. Umair , Malik Irshad , Malik Kashif Iqbal , Haider Hasnain , Umar Maryam
Published: July 2022

Background: The prevalence of Angiofibroma of juvenile variety is infrequent tumor of nasopharynx7. It grows aggressively and is locally destructive and extends into the cranium as well. Its symptoms usually involve nasal obstruction with or without nasal bleed. Histopathology shows spindle cells scattered between collagen fibers and vascular tissue. MRI and CT angiogram are the two most important investigations used in its diagnosis. Many methods have been used for its excision since ancient times and many researches have been done to control per operative bleeding as it is a vascular tumor. Aim: This study was performed to compare two methods i.e., 1. Carotid artery ligation per operatively and 2. Embolization of the feeding artery pre operatively in order to assess which method is better in controlling per operative bleeding during its excision. Design: Comparative Setting & duration: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 01st January 2020 to 31st January 2022. Methodology: A group 20 patients were taken having angiofibroma. 10 patients went for pre operative embolization of the feeding vessel of the angiofibroma after localizing the vessel by having MRA. The other 10 patients had their external carotid artery ligated before excising the angiofibroma. The bleeding which occurred during both procedures was quantified by weighing the gauze pieces soaked per operatively , the blood collected in suction bottle and then comparing the values. Results: The 10 patients who had embolization had far more bleeding during excision as compared to the 10 patients who had their external carotid artery ligated per operatively before excision. Conclusion: Results showed that pre operative embolization is not a better procedure to control per op bleeding as compared to external carotid artery ligation during angiofibroma excision. Keywords: Embolization , angiofibroma , per operative ,
Effect of Glucocorticoids on Serum Total Protein Level in control and experimental groups induced by Nephrotoxic Poison Concanavalin-A
Authors: Mobeen Aqsa , Zulfiqar Amina , Jari Afia , Hafeez Amtul , Ali Haider , Imtiaz Zain
Published: July 2022

Background: According to international society of nephrology about 2 million people die with AKI every year. Elder patients and pediatrics have less immunity due to which concurrent administration of medication may damage the nephrons. Aim: To evaluate the effect of glucocorticoids on serum total protein level in control and experimental groups induced by nephrotoxic poison Concanavalin-A. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at Agriculture University of Faisalabad-Pakistan following approval from ethical committee. Subject animals (n=12) were equally divided into 3 groups, 1st was control group, 2nd was treated group and 3rd was untreated group. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. ANOVA ware applied with P-value< 0.05 Results: It was found that analysis of serum protein levels showed significant increase in total protein and globulin in Con-A induced toxic group as compare to control group. Conclusion: It was concluded that dexamethasone treated group showed significant reduction in total protein level and globulin level. Results of serum albumin level were non-significant. Most important of all is serum A/G ratio which showed significant results. Significant reduction in serum A/G ratio in dexa treated group in comparison to untreated group thus dexamethasone was nephro-protective. Keywords: Glucocorticoids, Serum Protein Markers and Concanavalin-A.
Cervical-Flexion Rotation Test and Cervical Mobility in Normal and Cervicogenic Headache Patients
Authors: Ilyas Asma , Zia Wajeeha , Bashir Irfan , Bano Sheher
Published: July 2022

Background: The root of the word "cervicogenic headache" was in 1983. "Cervicogenic headache is a secondary headache caused by neck fractures, infections and hypertension. Cervicogenic headache pain occurs in the neck and back of the head and radiates to the front of the head. Aims: To compare the results of the cervical flexion-rotation test (FRT) and cervical mobility between subjects with cervicogenic headache (CGH) and asymptomatic headache (CGH). Test of flexion-rotation conducted to determine cervicogenic headache. Methods: This research was comparative and used to assess the distinctions between asymptomatic subjects and those with subjective cervicogenic headache characteristics. In this study 10 participants paired with 10 asymptomatic subjects with side dominant cervicogenic headache. A total of 20 participants were screened and distributed into treatment / case and control groups according to selection criteria. The severity of headaches was measured using a questionnaire. The goniometer was used to measure the cervical range of motion in both groups at pre- and post-treatment stages. Data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: 50% participants are in age-group of 20-29, 20% participants are in age-group of 30-39, 15% participants are in age-group of 40-49 and 15% participants are in age-group of 50 or above. Conclusion: It is concluded that in asymptomatic subjects, ROM was normal with no pain during cervical flexion rotation test. Keywords: Flexion-rotation test (FRT), successful cervical stability, cervical range of motion (CROM), goniometer
Higher Education Instructors’ Self-Assessment of Implementation of Flexible Learning Guidelines
Authors:   Office of Curriculum and Instruction, University of San Jose - Recoletos Cebu City, Terogo Ionell Jay R.
Published: July 2022

This descriptive quantitative study discusses the instructors’ implementation of the flexible learning guidelines during the pandemic as perceived in their self-assessment results. Assessing how the instructors dealt with the flexible learning modality will lead to better curricular planning and implementation in higher education in the new normal. Using a survey rating scale and checklist, the respondents rated their own implementation of the flexible guidelines. A self-assessment process can facilitate curricular and instructional improvements on the part of the instructor, upgrading the professional stance of these teachers and achieving the standard guidelines set along the way. Results showed that the instructors are Always implementing the flexible learning guidelines specifically on the general guidelines, requirements and qualifications for flexible learning, implementing policies and procedures on facilitating online teaching, social-emotional learning, rules and discipline, teacher organization and communication, assessment, support services, and adherence to data privacy. Yet, the instructors had a lower rating on assessment which means a need for support on online assessment. Also, the instructors expressed their concerns on the LMS, virtual synchronous platform, access and connectivity, students’ concerns, and general concerns on teachers’ coursework and online learning. It is recommended to conduct impact studies on flexible learning and to provide further professional development sessions to enrich the curriculum and instruction needs of instructors.
Wireless sensor networks a relevant tool for environmental development: A review
Authors: Oladimeji TT  , Folayan GB  , Idowu OD
Published: August 2022

Information is critical, just as assessing the information available is equally important. The need to easily and quickly assess data securely, that could be processed for information as soon as they are available, is what communication engineers work towards every day. This paper is aimed at identifying areas where further work is needed. As such, a proper understanding of WSNs is needed and different definitions were looked at. Review of previous literatures and research were assessed, the characteristics and applications of WSNs were highlighted done. Finally, the design and topology problems that WSNs encounter as well as the advantages and disadvantages were considered. We then concluded that, the gap between technology and application can be bridged, by addressing these difficulties.
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı “Özelim Eğitimdeyim” Uygulaması Kapsamında Yer Alan Oyun Etkinliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Sevim Handan , ÜNAL Elif , İLHAN Ekrem Levent
Published: July 2022

Özel Eğitim ve Rehberlik Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından özel eğitime ihtiyacı olan çocuklar için geliştirilen "Özelim Eğitimdeyim" adlı mobil uygulama; engelli bireylerin aile bireyleriyle hoşça vakit geçirecekleri, gelişim alanlarına olumlu katkıları olabilecek, öğretici ve eğlenceli oyun etkinlikleri sunmaktadır. Söz konusu engelli bireyler olduğunda oyun etkinliklerinin kullanıcıların hizmetine sunulurken dikkatle irdelenmesi gerektiği aşikârdır. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı, uygulamada yer alan oyun etkinliklerinin “ad, yaş, süre, ortam, kişi sayısı, amaç- kazanım, materyal, açıklayıcılık, kas grubu, gelişim boyutu, engel grubu ve uyarlanma” kriterleri açısından incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda “Özelim Eğitimdeyim” uygulamasında yer alan 11 oyun etkinliği başlığı altında yer alan 55 oyun etkinliği uzman görüşleri ve literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan ve toplamda 11 kriterden oluşan, “oyun inceleme kriterleri formu” kullanılarak tematik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Mobil uygulamalar, doğru tasarlandığı ve güvenli kullanıldığı takdirde engelli bireyler için son derece önemlidir. Ancak araştırma neticesinde uygulama geliştirilirken yaş, engel türü, uyarlama, süre gibi pek çok kriterin göz önünde bulundurulmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda uygulamaların kullanışlı olabilmesi ve engelli bireylere fayda sağlayabilmesi için geliştirilme aşamasında engelli bireylere yönelik kriterlerin göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir.
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Fitness Sektörü: Riskin En Aza İndirilmesi
Authors: ERASLAN Ali
Published: July 2022

Bu derleme çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisinde fitness sektöründe risk yönetimi açısından alınan küresel tedbirleri nedenleriyle birlikte incelemektir. COVID-19 pandemisi ve yasakları ile küresel çapta etkilenen sektörlerden birisi de fitness sektörüdür. Bu etkiler sağlık ve fitness tesislerinde ciddi ekonomik kayıplar, birçok işletmenin iflasını açıklaması, çalışan iş kaybı ve fiziksel aktiviteden uzaklaşan insanlar şeklinde sıralanabilir. Fitness sektörü pandeminin seyrine göre ilk zamanlar tamamen kapatılmış daha sonra bazı kısıtlamalar ile varlğını sürdümeye çalışmıştır. Bu süreç içinde bazı insanlar hareketsizlikle başa çıkmak, bağışıklık sistemini iyileştirmek, sosyalleşmek veya yaşam alışkanlığını korumak gibi amaçlarla sağlık ve fitness tesislerinde egzersiz yapmaya devam etmiştir. Ancak pandemi döneminde kapalı alanlarda egzersiz yapma düşüncesi, virüsün bulaşma riski tartışmalarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda gerek küresel gerekse ülke çapında fitness sektörüne yönelik COVID-19 bulaşma riskinin en aza indirilmesi amacıyla birtakım yönergeler oluşturulmuştur. Bu yönergelerin oluşturulmasında Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Amerika Birleşik Devleti Hastalık Önleme ve Kontrol Merkezi sektöre öncülük etmiştir. Bu kuruluşların yönergeleri incelendiğinde, sağlık ve fitness tesislerinde COVID-19 pandemisinde alınması gereken önlemlerin “çalışanlar ve üyeler için tarama uygulamaları”, “kişilerin birbiriyle teması”, “resepsiyon alanı”, “egzersiz alanı”, “soyunma odaları ve tuvaletler”, “havalandırma ve hava filtrasyonu”, “temizlik ve hijyen” başlıkları altında toplandığı görülmektedir. Pandemi öncesi büyüme hızı sürekli artan fitness sektörü, COVID-19 pandemisinde yaşadığı kayıpları gidermek, üye katılımını artırmak ve işletmenin uzun vadeli istikrarı ve sürdürülebilirliği için bu yönergeleri yerine getirmek zorundadır. Özetle, hâlihazırda hizmet kalitesi açısından farklı yükümlülükleri olan fitness sektörü, pandemi ile değişen işletme koşulları ve tüketici davranışlarına ayak uydurmalıdır.
The longhorn beetle, Stromatium longicorne (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Report and damage on a wooden facility in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors:   Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper  (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, 28300, Indonesia, Tavares Wagner de Souza
Published: August 2022

Stromatium longicorne (Newman, 1842) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an economically important longhorn beetle because of its extremely polyphagous nature, high dispersal, and adaptation capacity to different environments. The objective of this study was to report the presence of S. longicorne, for the first time, in Sumatra, Indonesia. We also described the damage on wooden timber doors in a facility in Sumatra. Around 10 adults of S. longicorne were seen moving through holes on two wooden timber doors (210 cm high × 90 cm long × 3 cm wide) in April 2018 in Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Sumatra. The number and diameter (cm) of holes made by the beetles per door were evaluated at the end of the adult beetle outbreak. A total of 19 and 34 holes was made per wooden door. The diameter of holes ranged 0.88–1.01 cm. The damaged doors must be replaced by glass doors or doors made using a harder wood.
Dynamics changes of hematological and in predicting mortality in severe COVID-19
Authors: Jabbar Ali Hassan , Abdulkadeer Rana Abdulkareem
Published: July 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge. Biomarkers have always played an important role in clinical decision making in various infectious diseases. It is crucial to assess the role of biomarkers in evaluating severity of disease and appropriate allocation of resources. The aim of study is to evaluate association between biomarkers and outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 100 patients admitted with severe COVID-19 in Dar-Alsalam hospital, Baghdad, from January to July 2021. We obtained their clinical, and biochemical characteristics at baseline and we fallow up for 20 days after admission with 4 days’ interval. The data were analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of these markers on the final outcome. Results: the mean age(years) was 56.79 ± 11.717 years with range (29-77) years. Gender: 39(39%) patients were female and 61(61%) of them were male. 50(50%) patients survived and 50(50%) of them not survived. WBC (10"3/ul) was significantly higher in day8, 12,16 and 20, Lymphocytes (10"3/ul) was significantly lower in non-survived patients during all follow-up days, Neutrophils (10"3/ul) was significantly higher in day8, 12,16 and 20, N/L Ratio was significantly higher in day1, 4,16 and 20 (15.42, 17.96, 42.48 and 59.64) respectively.
Assessment of nurses’ knowledge and skills toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention
Authors: Elbadrawy Sara Elsaid , Elmoneim Entesar Fatouh Abd , Mohamady Shaimaa Hassan
Published: July 2022

Background: Maternal death from postpartum hemorrhage is a key maternal health indicator and directly reflects the care provided during the intrapartum and postpartum periods. The aim is to assess nurses’ knowledge and skills toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Study design: A descriptive design was utilized to conduct the study. Study Setting: The study was conducted at the postpartum unit at the obstetrics and gynecology department at Mansoura university hospital. Sample: A convenienve sample of maternity nurses (70). Tools: Three tools were used for data collection: Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire. Tool II: knowledge assessment sheet toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Tool III: observational checklist to assess nurses’ skills toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Results: The present study reveals that more than half of the nurses’ total knowledge toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention was poor, while nearly two-third of the nurses’ total skills toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention were inadequate. The study indicated a statistically high significant relation between the total nurses’ knowledge and their total skills toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the nurses had inadequate total skills score toward postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Recommendations: Development of educational programs to improve nurses’ knowledge and skills toward prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.
Natural bioactives in the management of hyperuricemia
Authors: Mazumder Rupa , Jaiswal Ajay Kumar , Sharma Archana
Published: July 2022

Hyperuricemia, also known as gout, has been identified as a well-known metabolic disorder associated with an elevated uric acid level in serum. Gout is commonly associated with various chronic disorders like hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. Drugs, like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications [NSAIDs] and glucocorticoids, are shown to exhibit serious side effects, when used in this therapy, although they are the first-line of treatment options available to date. Bioactive compounds have been explored for the management of hyperuricemia for their effectiveness and ability to minimize complications. Related research have reported the use of plant-based bioactives on hyperuricemia. The objective of the present review is to highlight the therapeutic effect of the naturally occurring phytochemicals and the pharmacology of the compounds involved in the same. These phytochemicals are categorized into five classes, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic acids, that describe their anti-gout activity. Additionally, the mechanism of action by which these bioactive compounds display the hypouricemic consequences has been divided into three parts, namely, the inhibition of the production of uric acid, lowering of intestinal uric acid secretion, and enhancement of elimination of renal uric acid.
Development, in-vitro characterization and ex-vivo permeation study of metronidazole loaded mucoadhesive ethosomal gel for the local treatment of oral cavity infection
Authors: Debata Jitendra , Kumar V. Ravi , Mohanty Dibyalochan , Mohanty Dibyalochan , Nirosha B. , Panda Om Prakash , Kumar Ch Praveen , Bakshi Vasudha
Published: July 2022

The present study deals with the formulation, characterization of Metronidazole loaded ethosomal gel for treating oral infection.  The ethosomal system of Metronidazole comprises of 2-5% phospholipids, 20-50% ethanol, 10% of propylene glycol, 10% of cholesterol and 10% v/v aqueous phase. Cold method was applied to develop ethosome. The prepared Metronidazole loaded ethosome was evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency,The Optimized Ethosome formulation was converted in to ethosomal gel. The gel further evaluated for pH, Drug content, mucoadhesive strength and ex-vivo permeation study. The vesicle size of ethosome formulation MEF8 showed the lowest value of   324±1.32 µm. Formulation MEF8 showed the maximum entrapment efficiency of 86.11±0.11%. The mucoadhesive gel MEG8 formulated from optimized ethosome showed the maximum drug release 99.35% in 12 hr and ex-vivo oral mucosa permeation for MEG8 was found to be 1200µg/ml at 30minutes as compared to the pure drug.
Interferential current therapy improved constipation and pelvic floor muscle activity in cerebral palsy children
Authors: Ayuningrum Karina Yudithia , Wulan Sri Mardjiati Mei , Pawana I Putu Alit , Wardani Nurul Kusuma , Kusumawardani Martha Kurnia , Darma Andy
Published: August 2022

Background: Objective: The aim of this case report was to evaluate interferential current (IFC) therapy as adjuvant in treating constipation and abnormal pelvic floor muscle activity in cerebral palsy (CP) children. Study design: Nine CP children aged between 4,5 to 13 years old who had constipation according to ROME IV criteria received pre post test examination. At the baseline we collected data regarding the Pediatric Incontinence and Constipation Score (PICS), Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), and pelvic floor muscle activity at rest and during contraction. They received standard lactulose therapy and IFC therapy with a frequency of 4000-4100 Hz, duration 20 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. A week after the last IFC series, the parameters were re-evaluated to assess outcomes. Data were analyzed with SPSS v20.0. Results: PICS for constipation improved (P= 0,005), PedsQL improved at pain parameter (p = 0,008), and the pelvic floor muscle activity reduced significantly at rest (P= 0,036) in CP with constipation after received additional IFC therapy.
review on “pharmacological, phytochemical, and medicinal properties of rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)”
Authors: Chatterjee Kuntal , Tamta Bhupendra , Mukopadayay Sayantan
Published: August 2022

International use of natural medicinal drugs has been increasing in the last few centuries. In developing international locations, many people were using other natural remedies to meet their fitness care desires. On the opposite facet, developing countries had to make a bigger interest in medicinal herbs. The most vital difficulty in natural medicine is that their market is inadequate regulated, and very restricted statistics have been presented regarding the safety and efficacy of medicinal herbs. there's almost no side impact within the use of herbal merchandise. natural medicines provide harmless and efficient use.Rosemary consists huge form of phytochemicals along with the impact of dietary antioxidative and chemopreventive rosemary phytochemical on the feature of human drug efflux transporter Pglycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1 .The effect of natural phytochemical found in rosemary inclusive of carnosic acid , carnosol , rosemarinic acid , and ursolic acid and different many additives. Rosemary appears to boom blood circulation while applied to the scalp, which would possibly assist hair follicles develop. Rosemary extract may additionally help guard the pores and skin from solar harm.
Psychosocial perspective of patients with gynecological cancer towards medical services during the coronavirus disease pandemic at RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiktio Nanda Bagus , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana Askandar , Utomo Budi , Muhdi Nalini
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the attitudes, anxieties, and expectations of patients with gynecological cancer towards treatment and services during the pandemic. This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 326 participants (246 outpatients and 80 oncology inpatients) at RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia from August 30, 2021 to October 2, 2021. A COVID-19-related questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire were administered. The patients (median age, 51 years; range: 13–80 years) were diagnosed with cervical (51.2%), ovarian (26.1%), and endometrial cancers (9.2%). Cervical and ovarian cancers most frequently occurred at ages 36–55 years compared to endometrial cancer (32.2% versus 15.6%). Overall, 249 patients (76.4%) were concerned/worried about the pandemic affecting cancer medical services, 213 (65.3%) were worried about not being able to visit an oncologist on schedule during the pandemic, and 276 (84.7%) were worried about disease progression if treatment/routine evaluation was canceled/postponed. In total, 197 patients (60.4%) stated that there was no delay in service/treatment during the pandemic. Thirty-nine patients (12%) had moderate anxiety, 9 (2.8%) had severe anxiety, 23 (7.1%) had moderate depression, and 0 had major depression.
Genotyping and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw and frozen meat samples and assessment of the antimicrobial effects of origanum vulgare against MRSA isolates
Authors: Shahreza Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei , Soltani Asma
Published: August 2022

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a resistant bacterium responsible for food poisoning. The present survey was done to assess the genotyping and antibiotic resistance of MRSA strains isolated from raw and frozen meat samples and assessment of the antimicrobial effects of Origanum vulgare against MRSA isolates. Methods: Two-hundred raw and frozen meat samples were collected and presence of MRSA was assessed using the culture. Disk diffusion was used to assess the antibiotic resistance of isolates. Isolates were subjected to PCR to obtain the virulence characters. Gas chromatography was used to determine chemical components of O. vulgare. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bacterial Concentration of O. vulgare essential oil was also assessed. Results: Thirty two out of 200 meat samples (16%) were positive for MRSA. MRSA isolates had the highest resistance toward penicillin (100%), ceftaroline (100%), tetracycline (87.50%), and erythromycin (68.75%). Distribution of seA and eta genes amongst the raw and frozen meat samples were 75% and 58.33% and 50% and 33.33%, respectively. Β-Caryophyllene (31.10%), 1-Octen-3-ol (18.41%), 1,8-Cineole (15.19%), and Thujopsene (8.20%) were the most commonly identified chemical components.
systematic review on the applications of nanoparticles in dentistry
Authors: Barjoee Sedighe Shojaie , Fathi Amirhossein
Published: August 2022

Background: Nanotechnology plays a very important role in producing dental compounds. In recent years, a variety of nanoparticles have been used to enhance the properties of these compounds. However, less attention has been paid to the implications of the toxic effects of metallic nanoparticles. The purpose of this systematic review was to review studies evaluating the toxic effects of metal nanoparticles used in dentistry to determine whether long-term use of these compounds has toxic effects. Methods: Electronic search of studies in Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, and google scholar databases was performed until December 2020, according to PRISMA guidelines (preferential reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis). Results: During the initial research, 325 papers were collected. After reviewing the texts, eliminating duplicates, and applying inclusion criteria, only 10 of these were selected for qualitative review. The results of the studies showed that the use of short-term metallic nanoparticles does not result in increased cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Dental compounds containing metallic nanoparticles had higher cytotoxic activity than unmodified raw materials, but overall, during the short-term review, these studies did not indicate a significant difference in cytotoxicity.