bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Unified Understanding of Diverse Spin Textures of Kramers–Weyl Fermions in Nonmagnetic Chiral Crystals
Authors: Tan Wei , Jiang Xiao , Li Yang , Wu Xiaoqiang , Wang Jianfeng , Huang Bing
Published: October 2022

Chiral crystals, characterized by rotation, screw rotation, and translation symmetries are abundant in nature. The existence of Kramers–Weyl fermions (KWFs) at the time‐reversal‐invariant momenta in nonmagnetic chiral crystals (NCCs) has attracted intense attention due to their unique physical properties beyond conventional Weyl fermions. Although the spin texture, one of the most fundamental physical quantities, is found to be dramatically different for different KWFs in different NCCs, a unified understanding of this puzzling phenomenon is still lacking. In this article, combining k · p theory and first‐principles calculations, k‐linear Hamiltonians for KWFs are constructed and consequently a complete classification for the spin textures of KWFs in all the NCCs is made, which are confirmed by a series of material example calculations. Interestingly, it is found that the spin textures are reversed in NCCs with opposite chirality, leading to reversed Fermi arc surface states. Importantly, this study unveils that the nonlinear optical responses around the KWFs in NCCs can be largely determined by their spin texture classification. This study not only provides a unified understanding of the spin textures of KWFs in all the NCCs, but also suggests a principle to design novel KWF‐related spintronics and nonlinear optics.
Deep‐Learning‐Assisted Noncontact Gesture‐Recognition System for Touchless Human‐Machine Interfaces
Authors: Zhou Hao , Huang Wei , Xiao Zhuo , Zhang Shichuan , Li Wangzhan , Hu Jinhui , Feng Tianxing , Wu Jing , Zhu Pengcheng , Mao Yanchao
Published: October 2022

Human‐machine interfaces (HMIs) play important role in the communication between humans and robots. Touchless HMIs with high hand dexterity and hygiene hold great promise in medical applications, especially during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to reduce the spread of virus. However, current touchless HMIs are mainly restricted by limited types of gesture recognition, the requirement of wearing accessories, complex sensing platforms, light conditions, and low recognition accuracy, obstructing their practical applications. Here, an intelligent noncontact gesture‐recognition system is presented through the integration of a triboelectric touchless sensor (TTS) and deep learning technology. Combined with a deep‐learning‐based multilayer perceptron neural network, the TTS can recognize 16 different types of gestures with a high average accuracy of 96.5%. The intelligent noncontact gesture‐recognition system is further applied to control a robot for collecting throat swabs in a noncontact mode. Compared with present touchless HMIs, the proposed system can recognize diverse complex gestures by utilizing charges naturally carried on human fingers without the need of wearing accessories, complicated device structures, adequate light conditions, and achieves high recognition accuracy. This system could provide exciting opportunities to develop a new generation of touchless medical equipment, as well as touchless public facilities, smart robots, virtual reality, metaverse, etc.
Multifunctional 1D Nanostructures toward Future Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cheong Jun Young , Cho Su‐Ho , Lee Jiyoung , Jung Ji‐Won , Kim Chanhoon , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: October 2022

Due to the unique properties which are considerably different from macro‐scale or bulk materials, 1D) nanostructures have received great interests. In particular, they have greatly contributed to building next‐generation batteries by providing beneficial features such as short ion/electron pathways, structural versatility (i.e., formation of 3D current collectors, free‐standing electrodes, and separators), and excellent stress relaxation. Owing to these definite advantages, 1D nanostructure is often followed by discovery of new electrode materials. This review provides a systematic overview of the state‐of‐the‐art research progresses on 1D nanostructures, which are extensively used for rechargeable batteries. Specifically, a brief introduction of some important 1D nanostructuring methods is started and then, in situ structural characterizations using 1D nanostructures are summarized, which allow a great step forward in atomic‐scale monitoring of reaction kinetics and observing dynamic structural evolution of electrode materials. 1D nanstructuring in solid‐state electrolytes and stabilization of metal anodes are also highlighted which are not only substantially important in current research trends for future batteries but also rarely discussed in previous reviews. At the end, critical perspective and future research direction of 1D nanoengineering for future batteries are suggested.
Multicomponent System of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with a Melanin‐Inspired Material for Optical Detection and Scavenging of Metals
Authors: Wulf Verena , Bichachi Ella , Hendler‐Neumark Adi , Massarano Tlalit , Leshem Avigail Baruch , Lampel Ayala , Bisker Gili
Published: October 2022

The accumulation of metal ions in organisms and the presence of heavy metals in water cause adverse effects on ecosystems and results in numerous human health issues such as cancer and neurogenerative diseases. Therefore, the development of novel platforms for metal‐scavenging and rapid metal detection for in situ applications are of high importance. Here, this challenge is tackled by taking advantage of the metal chelation ability of a melanin‐inspired material in combination with the near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence response of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to surface binding. SWCNTs are functionalized by a melanin‐like substance, obtained by enzymatic oxidative polymerization of a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl‐tyrosine (FmocY) precursor. The resulting multicomponent system (SWCNT‐FmocYOx) serves as a metal‐ion scavenging platform that concurrently reports on metal binding with optical signal transduction. Upon binding of a library of mostly divalent transition metal‐ions, the fluorescence emission of the functionalized SWCNTs is modulated, showing a concentration‐dependent response with a limit of detection in the nanomolar range. Metal‐binding and removal from water of up to 98% is further shown via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The SWCNT‐FmocYOx hybrid system presents a novel platform with NIR optical signal for real‐time feedback on metal‐ion scavenging.
A Novel Self‐Assembled Cobalt‐Free Perovskite Composite Cathode with Triple‐Conduction for Intermediate Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tong Hua , Fu Min , Yang Yang , Chen Fanglin , Tao Zetian
Published: October 2022

A traditional composite cathode for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs) is typically obtained by mixing cathode materials and proton conducting electrolyte of BaCe0.7Y0.2Zr0.1O3–δ (BZCY), providing chemical and thermal compatibility with the electrolyte. Here, a series of triple‐conducing and cobalt‐free iron‐based perovskites as cathodes for H‐SOFCs is reported. Specifically, BaCexFe1–xO3–δ (x = 0.36, 0.43, and 0.50) shows various contents of two single phase perovskites with an in situ heterojunction structure as well as triple conductivity by tailoring the Ce/Fe ratios. The cell performance with the optimized BaCe0.36Fe0.64O3–δ (BCF36) cathode composition reaches 1056 mW cm−2 at 700 °C. Moreover, a record cell performance of 1525 mW cm−2 at 700 °C is obtained by modifying the BCF36 cathode microstructure through a spraying method, demonstrating high promise with Co‐free cathodes for H‐SOFCs.
Magnetic‐Anisotropy‐Enhanced Electrical Transport Properties of Co/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/PVDF Flexible Thermoelectromagnetic Films
Authors: Yan Wenguang , Nie Xiaolei , Ke Shaoqiu , Hu Yuan , Ai Xiaoling , Zhu Wanting , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Qingjie
Published: October 2022

A built‐in magnetic field by magnetic embedding has been proven to be an effective approach to improve the electro‐thermal conversion performance of thermoelectric materials. However, the function of the built‐in magnetic field direction is still unknown. In this study, ferromagnetic Co particles with different morphologies are introduced into Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/PVDF thermoelectric films to control the direction of the built‐in magnetic field. Co particles with shape anisotropy establish magnetic anisotropy fields inside the flexible thermoelectromagnetic films, which make the magnetic moments tend to be aligned parallel to the film surface, causing spiral motion of carriers. The atomic‐scale micro‐electric field established by the in situ reaction of Co and Te induces hopping migration of carriers. The coupling of the magnetic anisotropy field and micro‐electric field brings about a substantial increase in carrier mobility, thus greatly enhancing conductivity. The carrier energy filtering effect generated by Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/CoTe2/Co hetero interface and additional magnetic scattering provided by the CoTe2/Co micro‐magnetic field maintain the Seebeck coefficient at a high level. The maximum power factor of Co/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/PVDF flexible thermoelectromagnetic film with sheet Co particles reaches 1.45 mW m−1 K−2 at 300 K, increased by 54% and 6% as compared with that of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/PVDF thermoelectric film and Co/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/PVDF flexible thermoelectromagnetic film with spherical Co particles, respectively.
Viscoelastic Notch Signaling Hydrogel Induces Liver Bile Duct Organoid Growth and Morphogenesis
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Ling Christopher , Guo Chengyu , Liu Tracy , Jiang Jia‐Xin , Bear Christine E. , Ogawa Shinichiro , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: October 2022

Cholangiocyte organoids can be used to model liver biliary disease; however, both a defined matrix to emulate cholangiocyte self‐assembly and the mechano‐transduction pathways involved therein remain elusive. A series of defined viscoelastic hyaluronan hydrogels to culture primary cholangiocytes are designed and it is found that by mimicking the stress relaxation rate of liver tissue, cholangiocyte organoid growth can be induced and expression of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) target genes could be significantly increased. Strikingly, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) does not significantly affect organoid growth in 3D culture, suggesting that mechanical remodeling of the viscoelastic microenvironment—and not MMP‐mediated degradation—is the key to cholangiocyte organoid growth. By immobilizing Jagged1 to the hyaluronan, stress relaxing hydrogel, self‐assembled bile duct structures form in organoid culture, indicating the synergistic effects of Notch signaling and viscoelasticity. By uncovering critical roles of hydrogel viscoelasticity, YAP signaling, and Notch activation, cholangiocyte organogenesis is controlled, thereby paving the way for their use in disease modeling and/or transplantation.
A Unimolecular System Combining Efficient Inhibition of NDM‐1 by Coordination Interactions with High ROS for Synergistically Tackling Drug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Li Meiqi , li Ling , Yuan Qiong , Bao Benkai , Tang Yanli
Published: October 2022

New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase (NDM‐1) that can hydrolyze almost all clinical β‐lactam antibacterial causes “Super” bacterial infection, which seriously threatens human health worldwide. Therefore, it is urgent to establish powerful methods for inhibiting NDM‐1 activity and efficient anti‐resistant bacteria. Herein, a new strategy for the depression of NDM‐1 activity and synergistic therapy to overcome drug‐resistant bacteria based on conjugated oligomer (OPV)‐modified porphyrin derivatives OPV‐C6‐TPP probe is developed. The unimolecular probe not only can coordinate Zn2+ in NDM‐1 to suppress the activity of NDM‐1 but also produce the high 1O2 under light irradiation, providing dual functions of activating antibiotics and photodynamic therapy. The chelation inhibition mechanism of OPV‐C6‐TPP on NDM‐1 is investigated and further confirmed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. In the presence of probe, the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic model cefazolin is reduced ≈50 times, significantly reversing resistance and resensitizing NDM‐1‐overexpressing Escherichia coli (E. coli‐NDM‐1) to antibiotics. Furthermore, the combined system greatly accelerates wound healing in E. coli‐NDM‐1 infected mice due to photodynamic and antibiotic synergistic effects. This study paves the way for the efficient treatment of drug‐resistant bacteria.
Construction of an Orderly Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Composites by a Mild, Effective, and Green Method for Highly Interface Reinforcement
Authors: Wu Dongliang , Hao Zhenna , Sheng Yujing , Zhao Qilong , Dong Qi , Han Yongqin , Liu Lei , Zhang Ruliang , Wang Maoju
Published: October 2022

The low‐damage and high‐efficiency tight bonding of two inert materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs), is implemented simply and mildly based on the secondary reaction platform role of polydopamine (PDA). The strong adhesion of PDA can fix varying masses of CNTs stably and uniformly on the surface of carbon fiber, which significantly augments the polar component and roughness of fiber surface. In the proposed control method, the interface shear strength and interlaminar shear strength of CF‐PDA6‐CNTs0.05 increase by ≈61.03% and 55.30% compared to desized CFs based composites. Remarkably, the improvement mechanism in the mechanical properties of the composites is analyzed by the transverse fracture morphology of the composites as well as thermodynamically.
Zero‐Magnetostriction Magnetically Soft High‐Entropy Alloys in the AlCoFeNiCux (x = 0.6–3.0) System for Supersilent Applications
Authors: Luzar Jože , Priputen Pavol , Drienovský Marián , Vrtnik Stanislav , Koželj Primož , Jelen Andreja , Wencka Magdalena , Gačnik Darja , Mihor Peter , Ambrožič Bojan , Dražić Goran , Meden Anton , Dolinšek Janez
Published: October 2022

Searching for materials that possess a combination of excellent magnetic softness and vanishing magnetostriction, the ferromagnetic high‐entropy alloy (HEA) system AlCoFeNiCux (x = 0.6–3.0) is investigated. Superior magnetostriction and magnetic softness parameters are obtained for the composition AlCoFeNiCu2.0, which shows zero magnetostriction, λs = 0, low coercivity Hc ≈ 650 A m−1 and substantial saturation magnetic polarization of Js ≈ 0.55 T. The parameters of other AlCoFeNiCux compositions in the range x = 2.0–3.0 are only slightly different, so that the entire set of the AlCoFeNiCux HEAs in that Cu content range can be classified as magnetically soft and vanishing‐magnetostriction alloys. The alloys develop a multiphase (up to three phases) composite microstructure that is further nanostructured on the 10 nm scale. Magnetic softness of the alloys originates from the exchange‐averaging of magnetic anisotropy, while vanishing magnetostriction coefficient of the AlCoFeNiCu2.0 alloy results from its three‐phase microstructure, where the magnetostrictions of different signs exactly compensate each other at particular volume fractions. The AlCoFeNiCux (x = 2.0–3.0) HEAs are expected to find applications as supersilent (inaudible to a human ear) materials for transformers, magnetocaloric coolers, and other “humming” electromagnetic machinery.
Optoelectronic Synapses Based on MoS2 Transistors for Accurate Image Recognition
Authors: Huang Biying , Li Na , Wang Qinqin , Ouyang Chen , He Congli , Zhang Lianchang , Du Luojun , Yang Wei , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu
Published: October 2022

Neuromorphic chips show advantages over conventional computing system based on von Neumann architecture when dealing with complex scenes, such as artificial intelligence, automatic driving, image, and speech recognition. However, current neuromorphic circuitry usually suffers from device complexity, low computing speed, and efficiency issues. Here, the fabrication of artificial optoelectronic synapses based on MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) to integrate the sensing, memorizing, and preprocessing functions together is reported. Light‐tunable and gate‐voltage modulated behaviors enable those devices to implement many opto‐synaptic functions, such as paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), short‐term memory (STM), long‐term memory (LTM), the transition of STM‐to‐LTM, and interest‐modulate human visual memory. Moreover, background noise filtering for image preprocessing with a high recognition accuracy ≈85.5% is realized in MoS2‐based optoelectronic array devices. These simple but prospective opto‐synaptic devices provide an alternative approach to construct neuromorphic visual systems.
High Conductivity Update Linearity MoS2 Memtransistors Array Based on Lithium‐Ion Modulation
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Liang Ange , Wang Fang , Han Yemei , Lin Xin , Shan Xin , Hu Kai , Xie Yangyang , Sun Zheng , Song Zhitang , Zhang Kailiang
Published: October 2022

The typical nonlinear and asymmetric response of synaptic memristors based on 2D layered materials to positive and negative electrical pulses makes the implementation of accurate deep neural networks very challenging. Here, it has been constructed an integrated circuit (IC) process‐compatible array of modulatable neuromorphic devices based on MoS2 three‐terminal memristors and show that the switching characteristics of this memristor become more gradual and symmetric under electrical excitation, yielding up to 98% linearity of conductance updates in optimized simulations of biological synaptic behavior, achieving long‐term plasticity of 150 s. The linear weight update has better predictability and distinguishability. And all‐solid lithium cobaltate is introduced as an independent modulation channel to obtain a modulatable molybdenum disulfide bandgap by controlling the embedding and disembedding of lithium ions, which effectively reduces the contact potential barrier and more flexibly modulates the artificial synaptic properties based on multiple coupling of light, electricity, and ions. This work lays the foundation for the realization of high‐density and energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing chips.
Chalcogenide Glass IR Artificial Compound Eyes Based on Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication
Authors: Wang Shaokun , Zhang Fan , Yang Qing , Li Minjing , Hou Xun , Chen Feng
Published: October 2022

The compact and lightweight infrared (IR) optics devices are highly demanded in booming applications. However, fabrication of IR optics devices with high efficiency is still technically challenging, especially artificial compound eyes (ACE) with low aberration imaging and large field of view. In this work, a method of femtosecond laser wet etching combining with the “two‐step” precision glass molding based on chalcogenide glass is proposed to fabricate glass IR ACE. The as‐prepared consists of 6000 ommatidia (diameter of 88 µm and the sag height of 11 µm) arranged in a hexagonal manner with perfect parabolic morphology and high uniformity. The chalcogenide glass IR ACE exhibits excellent optical performance both in IR active imaging and IR passive imaging with high transmittance (60–70%) ranging from 2.5 to 15 µm. The ommatidia have a high resolution up to 20.16 lp mm−1, and imaging with large field of view up to 60° and low aberration can be achieved. Furthermore, the proposed technology shows advantages to fabricate glass IR ACE with low cost and high efficiency, and glass IR ACE shows great potential in IR imaging, robot vision, IR 3D motion tracking, and so on.
A Simultaneous Material‐Device Optimization for Plasmonic Devices: A Combined Ab Initio and Electromagnetic Simulation for Photothermal Transducers
Authors: Ngo Thien Duc , Tran Toan Phuoc , Ngo Hai Dang , Nagao Tadaaki
Published: October 2022

A novel seamless approach combining first‐principles calculations and electromagnetic device simulations is demonstrated to assess an appropriate compound material, together with an optimized device geometry, for high‐temperature infrared transducers. The electronic structures and dielectric properties of three distinct classes of materials with metallic bonds, ionic bonds, and covalent bonds are theoretically examined, ranging from elemental metals to nitrides, carbides, and borides. Among the representative candidates, CeB6 is identified as the optimal selection since the ab initio theory results show that it exhibits a low‐loss plasmonic response in the near‐infrared region (below 1.7 eV), providing a promising platform for infrared surface plasmon photonics. As a proof‐of‐concept, a metal‐insulator‐metal stripe array is simultaneously designed to examine the potential device applications for photothermal transducers. With this approach, and as a refractory conductor, CeB6 is predicted to be a promising candidate for versatile thermoplasmonic applications. It is believed that our one‐stop material‐device optimization scheme can be readily extended to high‐throughput combinatorial investigations to search for novel compound plasmonic materials and devices in a wider range of existing materials.
Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites with Low Trap‐States for High Performance Flexible Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Han Jiaheng , Liu Caichi , Zhang Yangyang , Guan Yan , Zhang Xian , Yu Wenjin , Tang Zhenyu , Liang Yuchao , Wu Cuncun , Zheng Shijian , Xiao Lixin
Published: October 2022

Organic–inorganic perovskite photodetectors have drawn great attention due to their excellent performance and simple fabrication process. However, the detectivity of perovskite ultraviolet photodetectors (UV‐PDs) is comparatively poor because of the high defect density in chlorine‐containing 3D perovskites. Furthermore, 3D perovskites are easily degraded by high‐energy ultraviolet light, limiting their practical applications. Herein, high quality quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite (Q‐2DRPP) (PMA)2MA2Pb3Cl10 (PMA+ = C6H5CH2NH3+, MA+ = CH3NH3+) films are prepared for UV‐PDs. It is found that Q‐2DRPP films have lower defect density and larger resistance than conventional 3D perovskite films, which improves the performance of UV‐PDs. The dark current density and maximum detectivity of the Q‐2DRPP film‐based device are 4.96 × 10−10 A cm−2 and 2.59 × 1012 Jones, respectively, which are both higher than those of the reference 3D perovskite‐based devices (2.29 × 10−8 A cm−2 and 6.08 × 1011 Jones). Moreover, Q‐2DRPP film‐based flexible UV‐PD has excellent bending stability; its photocurrent can retain 85% of its initial value after 1000 bending cycles. Q‐2DRPP film‐based devices have demonstrated long‐term light and environmental stability. These results imply that Q‐2DRPP films have great potential for high‐performance UV‐PDs.
Artificial Neural Network for Direction‐of‐Arrival Estimation and Secure Wireless Communications Via Space‐Time‐Coding Digital Metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Xiao Qing , Zhang Lei , Liu Shuo , Cui Tie Jun
Published: October 2022

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has long been an attractive research topic in various industries and is a vital technique for intelligent wireless systems. Conventional DOA estimation methods based on array antennas suffer from high latency in signal postprocessing, leading to complex hardware architecture, high cost, and low efficiency. Recently, some metasurface‐based methods have emerged as alternatives, but they have limited applications due to the stringent requirements for equipment and environment. Here, an efficient method is proposed to lift these limitations by combining artificial neural networks (ANNs) with space‐time‐coding (STC) digital metasurfaces. The ANN‐enabled DOA estimation achieves high accuracy by simply analyzing the spatial‐spectral characteristics of the STC modulation, which utilizes only harmonic amplitudes without phases, and thus features a much‐simplified hardware architecture. The proposed method does not require large computational resources and is more robust in practical applications. For validation, several ANN models trained with simulated and measured data are presented in a microwave regime. Moreover, a potential application of this method is demonstrated in secure communications. The proposed theory and metasurface provide on‐demand selections of ANN models for reaching optimal DOA estimations in different scenarios, which holds promising applications in wireless sensing, communication, radar, and other self‐adaptive information systems.
In‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchically Hollow Carbon Nanostraws for Advanced Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Chai Lulu , Wang Xian , Hu Yue , Li Xifei , Huang Shaoming , Pan Junqing , Qian Jinjie , Sun Xueliang
Published: October 2022

Hollow carbon materials are regarded as crucial support materials in catalysis and electrochemical energy storage on account of their unique porous structure and electrical properties. Herein, an indium‐based organic framework of InOF‐1 can be thermally carbonized under inert argon to form indium particles through the redox reaction between nanosized indium oxide and carbon matrix. In particular, a type of porous hollow carbon nanostraw (HCNS) is in situ obtained by combining the fusion and removal of indium within the decarboxylation process. The as‐synthesized HCNS, which possesses more charge active sites, short and quick electron, and ion transport pathways, has become an excellent carrier for electrochemically active species such as iodine with its unique internal cavity and interconnected porous structure on the tube wall. Furthermore, the assembled zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs) provide a high capacity of 234.1 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, which ensures that the adsorption and dissolution of iodine species in the electrolyte reach a rapid equilibrium. The rate and cycle performance of the HCNS‐based ZIBs are greatly improved, thereby exhibiting an excellent capacity retention rate. It shows a better electrochemical exchange capacity than typical unidirectional carbon nanotubes, making HCNS an ideal cathode material for a new generation of high‐performance batteries.
Kirigami‐Inspired Programmable Soft Magnetoresponsive Actuators with Versatile Morphing Modes
Authors: Zhu Hanlin , Wang Yuan , Ge Yangwen , Zhao Yan , Jiang Chao
Published: October 2022

Untethered soft magnetoresponsive actuators (SMRAs), which can realize rapid shape transformation, have attracted widespread attention for their strategic applications in exploration, transportation, and minimally invasive medicine. It remains a challenge to fabricate SMRAs with complicated morphing modes (more than bending and folding), limiting their applications to simple shape‐morphing and locomotion. Herein, a method integrating the ancient kirigami art and an advanced mechanical assembly method is proposed, which realizes 2D‐to‐3D and 3D‐to‐3D complicated shape‐morphing and precise magnetization programming through cut‐guided deformation. The kirigami‐inspired SMRAs exhibit good robustness after actuating more than 10000 times. An integrated finite element analysis method is developed to quantitatively predict the shape transformation of SMRAs under magnetic actuation. By leveraging this method, a set of 3D curved responsive morphologies with programmed Gaussian curvature are fabricated (e.g., ellipsoid and saddle structures), specifically 3D multilayer structures and face‐like shapes with different expressions, which are difficult to realize using previous approaches. Furthermore, a bionic‐scaled soft crawling robot with significant obstacle surmounting ability is fabricated using the kirigami‐inspired method. The ability of the method to achieve programmable SMRAs with versatile morphing modes may broaden its applications in soft robotics, color‐switchable devices, and clinical treatments.
Bubble‐Channeling Electrophoresis of Honeycomb‐Like Chitosan Composites
Authors: Huang Bo‐Han , Chen Li‐Jie , Chiou Yu‐Jie , Whang Grace , Luo Yunkai , Yan Yichen , Wei Kung‐Hwa , He Ximin , Dunn Bruce , Wu Pu‐Wei
Published: October 2022

A chitosan composite with a vertical array of pore channels is fabricated via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The composite consists of chitosan and polyethylene glycol, as well as nanoparticles of silver oxide and silver. The formation of hydrogen bubbles during EPD renders a localized increase of hydroxyl ions that engenders the precipitation of chitosan. In addition, chemical interactions among the constituents facilitate the establishment of vertical channels occupied by hydrogen bubbles that leads to the unique honeycomb‐like microstructure; a composite with a porosity of 84%, channel diameter of 488 µm, and channel length of 2 mm. The chitosan composite demonstrates an impressive water uptake of 2100% and a two‐stage slow release of silver. In mass transport analysis, both Disperse Red 13 and ZnO powders show a much enhanced transport rate over that of commercial gauze. Due to its excellent structural integrity and channel independence, the chitosan composite is evaluated in a passive suction mode for an adhesive force of 9.8 N (0.56 N cm−2). The chitosan composite is flexible and is able to maintain sufficient adhesive force toward objects with different surface curvatures.
Intrinsically Stretchable and Non‐Halogenated Solvent Processed Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Hydrophilic Spacer‐Incorporated Polymers
Authors: Lee Jin‐Woo , Lim Chulhee , Lee Sun‐Woo , Jeon Yeonji , Lee Seungjin , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: October 2022

Blends of polymer donors (PDs) and small molecule acceptors (SMAs) have afforded highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most of the efficient PSCs are processed using toxic halogenated solvents, and they are mechanically fragile. Here, a new series of PDs by incorporating a hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) flexible spacer (OEG‐FS) is developed, and efficient PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.74% processed by a non‐halogenated solvent are demonstrated. Importantly, the incorporation of these OEG‐FSs into the PDs significantly increases the mechanical robustness and ductility of resulting PSCs, making them suitable for application as stretchable devices. The OEG‐FS alleviates excessive backbone rigidity of the PDs while enhancing their pre‐aggregation in the non‐halogenated solvent. In addition, the OEG‐FS in the PDs enhances PD‐SMA interfacial interactions and improves blend morphology, resulting in efficient charge generation and mechanical stress dissipation. The resulting PSCs demonstrate a superior PCE (17.74%) and high crack‐onset strain (COS = 10.50%), outperforming the PSCs without OEG (PCE = 15.64% and COS = 2.99%). Importantly, intrinsically stretchable (IS) PSCs containing the PD featuring OEG‐FS exhibit a high PCE (12.05%) and stretchability (maintaining 80% of the initial PCE after 22% strain), demonstrating their viability for wearable applications.
Direct Characterization of Type‐I Band Alignment in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites
Authors: Zhong Xinjue , Ni Xiaojuan , Sidhik Siraj , Li Hong , Mohite Aditya D. , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Kahn Antoine
Published: October 2022

2D Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their desirable optoelectronic properties, high chemical and structural tunability, and improved environmental stability. However, the understanding of their structure–properties relationships is still limited. In particular, the energy level positions and band alignments at interfaces involving these materials, which are important features to control in the context of any applications, are still under debate. Here, the electronic structure of high‐purity films of BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 for n = 1–5 (where BA stands for butylammonium and MA for methylammonium) is investigated, using optical absorption, ultraviolet, and inverse photoemission spectroscopies, and density functional theory calculations. This study determines the ionization energy and electron affinity of each compound and demonstrates a type‐I band alignment for the BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 series. This study further describes the evolution of the exciton binding energy as a function of the thickness of the inorganic layers.
Realizing High Energy Conversion Efficiency in a Novel Segmented‐Mg3(Sb, Bi)2/Cubic‐GeTe Thermoelectric Module for Power Generation
Authors: Xu Congcong , Liang Zhongxin , Ren Wuyang , Song Shaowei , Zhang Fanghao , Ren Zhifeng
Published: October 2022

The performance of thermoelectric materials has been improved considerably in recent decades, making the concept of generating energy from waste heat via solid‐state thermoelectric devices more realistic. The construction of multi‐stage modular structures based on complex parameter optimization to maximize the efficiency of each material over its optimal operating temperature range has become an effective strategy for improving device performance. Here, multi‐segmented n‐type Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 with low‐contact‐resistance buffer layers is first fabricated, and phase‐transition‐suppressed cubic p‐type GeTe with enhanced thermoelectric performance is subsequently designed to match the segmented n‐type legs. A 3D finite‐element analysis model is then used to optimize the module size, providing higher energy conversion efficiency with an optimal average figure of merit over the entire operating temperature range. As a result, the prepared segmented‐Mg3(Sb, Bi)2/cubic‐GeTe module exhibits a high conversion efficiency of (12.8 ± 0.8)% at a hot‐side temperature of 773 K with a temperature difference of ≈480 K, which is also comparable to that of previously reported thermoelectric modules. This study increases the number of matching combinations among n‐/p‐type thermoelectric materials and further broadens the potential candidate material library for segmented thermoelectric devices.
High‐Performance Flexible All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Reduced VOC‐Deficit in Wide‐Bandgap Subcell
Authors: Lai Huagui , Luo Jincheng , Zwirner Yannick , Olthof Selina , Wieczorek Alexander , Ye Fangyuan , Jeangros Quentin , Yin Xinxing , Akhundova Fatima , Ma Tianshu , He Rui , Kothandaraman Radha K. , Chin Xinyu , Gilshtein Evgeniia , Müller André , Wang Changlei , Thiesbrummel Jarla , Siol Sebastian , Prieto José Márquez , Unold Thomas , Stolterfoht Martin , Chen Cong , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Zhao Dewei , Fu Fan
Published: October 2022

Among various types of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (TSCs), all‐perovskite TSCs are of particular attractiveness for building‐ and vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics, or space energy areas as they can be fabricated on flexible and lightweight substrates with a very high power‐to‐weight ratio. However, the efficiency of flexible all‐perovskite tandems is lagging far behind their rigid counterparts primarily due to the challenges in developing efficient wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells on the flexible substrates as well as their low open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Here, it is reported that the use of self‐assembled monolayers as hole‐selective contact effectively suppresses the interfacial recombination and allows the subsequent uniform growth of a 1.77 eV WBG perovskite with superior optoelectronic quality. In addition, a postdeposition treatment with 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride is employed to further suppress the bulk and interfacial recombination, boosting the VOC of the WBG top cell to 1.29 V. Based on this, the first proof‐of‐concept four‐terminal all‐perovskite flexible TSC with a power conversion efficiency of 22.6% is presented. When integrating into two‐terminal flexible tandems, 23.8% flexible all‐perovskite TSCs with a superior VOC of 2.1 V is achieved, which is on par with the VOC reported on the 28% all‐perovskite tandems grown on the rigid substrate.
Molecular Engineering Strategies toward Molybdenum Diselenide Design for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Li Yihui , Wang Menglei , Sun Jingyu
Published: October 2022

The development of graphene has readily accelerated the research progress on 2D materials. As a representative 2D family, transition metal dichalcogenides are widely used in the realms of energy storage and conversion. In particular, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has captured widespread interests owing to its unique physical and chemical properties and remarkable potential in energy applications. Nevertheless, typically, the electrochemical property of pristine MoSe2 does not meet the expectations, which necessitates the exploration and applications of proper modification strategies to achieve its full potential. Herein, several state‐of‐the‐art molecular engineering strategies are summarized, and their energy‐oriented applications are described. Furthermore, insightful information on the significance of molecular engineering methods in improving the electrochemical properties of MoSe2 and perspectives on the future developments of MoSe2 are presented. It is anticipated that the research community can use the information in this review to improve the electrochemical properties of MoSe2 targeting practical application scenarios.
Visible‐light‐driven α‐Oxidation of Amide C(sp3)−H Bonds to Imides via N‐Bromosuccinimide and Water
Authors: Chang Huan‐Huan , He Xing‐Xian , Zang Zhong‐Lin , Zhou Cheng‐He , Cai Gui‐Xin
Published: October 2022

An efficient, metal‐free oxidation method of the N‐ortho C(sp3)−H bond of amide via visible‐light irradiation has been developed. A broad range of imides can be facilely obtained at room temperature and this protocol is showcased in the gram‐scale synthesis. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process was involved and H2O offered the main oxygen source to achieve greener photochemical C(sp3)−H oxidation.
Combined, converted, and prophylactic use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for severe torso trauma: a retrospective study
Authors: Irahara Takayuki , Oishi Dai , Tsuda Masanobu , Kajita Yuka , Mori Hisatake , Terashima Tsuguaki , Tanabe Subaru , Hattori Miyuki , Kuge Yuuji , Takeyama Naoshi
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used as an intra‐aortic balloon occlusion in Japan; however, protocols for its effective use in different conditions have not been established. This study aimed to summarize the strategies of REBOA use in severe torso trauma.

Methods

Twenty‐nine cases of REBOA for torso trauma treated at our hospital over 5 years were divided into hemodynamically unstable (HU) (n = 12), cardiac arrest (CA) (n = 13), and hemodynamically stable (HS) (n = 4) groups. We retrospectively examined patient characteristics, trauma mechanism, injury site, severity score, intervention type, and survival rates at 24 h in each group.

Results

In the HU group, 9 and 3 patients survived and died within 24 h, respectively; time to intervention (56.6 versus 130.7 min, P = 0.346) tended to be shorter and total occlusion time (40.2 versus 337.7 min, P = 0.009) was significantly shorter in survivors than in nonsurvivors. In the CA group, 10 patients were converted from resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross‐clamp (RTACC); one patient survived. All four patients in the HS group survived, having received prophylactic REBOA.

Conclusion

The efficacy of REBOA for severe torso trauma depends on the patient's condition. If the patients are hemodynamically unstable, time to intervention and total occlusion time could correlate with survival. The combined use of REBOA with definitive hemostasis could improve outcomes. Conversion from RTACC in the cardiac arrest patients and prophylactic use in the hemodynamically stable patients can be one of the potentially effective options, although further studies are needed.
Fluid resuscitation of at least 30 mL/kg was not associated with decreased mortality in patients with infection, signs of hypoperfusion, and a do‐not‐intubate order
Authors: Matsuda Wataru , Funato Yumi , Miyazaki Momoyo , Tomiyama Koichiro
Published: October 2022

Aim

Administration of at least 30 mL/kg of fluid as fluid resuscitation is recommended for patients with sepsis and signs of hypoperfusion. However, it is not clear whether this is appropriate for patients with a do‐not‐intubate (DNI) order. This study evaluated the association between volume of fluid resuscitation and outcomes in patients with infection, signs of hypoperfusion, and a DNI order in an emergency department.

Methods

This was a single‐center retrospective cohort study. We classified the infected patients with signs of hypoperfusion and a DNI order seen in our emergency department between April 1, 2015 and November 31, 2020 into the standard fluid resuscitation group (≥30 mL/kg) and the restricted fluid resuscitation group (<30 mL/kg). We compared with in‐hospital mortality and the rate of discharge to home in two groups.

Results

Of 367 patients, 149 received standard fluid resuscitation and 218 received restricted fluid resuscitation. In‐hospital mortality was similar in each group (40/149 and 62/218, respectively). Standard fluid resuscitation was not associated with in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–1.77, P = 0.86), but was associated with a significantly lower rate of discharge to home (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30–0.98, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in respiratory rate or need for oxygen therapy post‐resuscitation between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study suggests that fluid resuscitation may be not beneficial for infected patients with signs of hypoperfusion and a DNI order. Further studies should be conducted on the options for resuscitation management for these patients.
Acute pancreatitis caused by duodenal bezoar and treated with endoscopic procedures
Authors: Suzuki Naoya , Furuya Ryosuke , Otsuka Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Okano Hiromu , Komatsu Tatsuji , Yamada Eiji , Yamaguchi Yuka
Published: October 2022

Background

Acute pancreatitis triggered by causative agents, including alcohol consumption, gallstones, dyslipidemia, drugs, and infection, is frequently addressed. However, reports of acute pancreatitis caused by duodenal bezoars are limited.

Case Presentation

A 75‐year‐old man experiencing abdominal pain and frequent vomiting was transferred to our hospital. His medical records presented history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and gastric cancer surgery. Computed tomography of the abdomen indicated duodenal dilatation, enlarged pancreas, and fluid retention, with no bile duct stones present. Minor bleeding and duodenal bezoar were endoscopically detected with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). He was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis caused by a bezoar and admitted to the intensive care unit. The duodenal bezoar was dissected and removed with three repetitions of EGD, and the patient was discharged without any complications.

Conclusion

Herein, we report a case showing that endoscopic procedures could be effective treatment options in severe pancreatitis caused by duodenal bezoars.
Building Square Planar Cobalt (II) Complexes via Sodium Mediated Cobaltation of Fluoroarenes
Authors: Logallo Alessandra , Mu Manting , García‐Melchor Max , Hevia Eva
Published: October 2022

While cobalt complexes have already shown their potential for C−H and C−F bond activation of fluoroarenes, their reactivity as metalating agents via Co−H exchange towards these substrates has not been explored. Herein, we report a Co(HMDS)2 [HMDS=N(SiMe3)2] system which, when synergistically enhanced via sodium amide Na(HMDS) mediation, can render chemo‐ and regioselective cobaltation of a series of fluoroarenes to produce a new class of homoleptic square planar [Na2CoAr4] complexes. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the key roles of the Na/Co counterparts in a stepwise sodiation/cobalt transmetalation process, leading to this novel C−H metalation. Depending on the reaction stoichiometry, this process can occur inter‐ or intramolecularly, furnishing transient [NaCo(HMDS)2Ar] intermediates which can undergo ligand rearrangement to afford [Na2CoAr4] with concomitant formation of Co(HMDS)2 and [NaCo(HMDS)3].
Embedded palladium nanoparticles on metal–organic framework/covalently sulfonated magnetic SBA‐15 mesoporous silica composite: As a highly proficient nanocatalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in amino acid‐based natural deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Kiani Ameneh , Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Ghasemi Shahram
Published: October 2022

In this project, the main aim is the design and present a novel and unique heterogeneous nanocatalyst based on a metal–organic framework/covalently sulfonated magnetic SBA‐15 mesoporous silica composite with the emphasis on promoting clean and green synthetic transformations and increasing the catalytic properties. In more detail, initially, SBA‐15 containing magnetic nanoparticles was functionalized by a 1,3‐propane sultone ligand. In the next step, the functionalized mesoporous substrate was used as a scaffold for the growth and synthesis of the zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) crystals. The obtained composite was further applied as a suitable support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles via a post‐modification procedure and the generation of heterogeneous catalysts. The prepared Fe3O4@SBA‐15‐SO3H@ZIF‐8@Pd was incorporated as a heterogeneous and green catalyst in the Suzuki coupling reaction in the natural deep eutectic solvent with efficient recyclability.
Utilization of diamagnetic Zn(II) ion to boost the anisotropic nature of Ln(III) ion in heterodinuclear Zn(II)–Ln(III) single‐molecule magnets
Authors: Roy Soumalya , Shukla Pooja , Kumar Raman , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Pal Tapan K. , Rajput Amit , Klak Julia , Hada Masahiko , Vignesh Kuduva R. , Das Sourav
Published: October 2022

A series of dimetallic ZnII–LnIII compounds of general formulae [LnZn(L)3(NO3)2]·2CH3OH (LnIII = DyIII (1), TbIII (2), GdIII(3)) was prepared by stepwise reaction of compartmental ligand LH = ((E)‐2‐((pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)amino)phenol) with Ln (NO3)3·xH2O and Zn (NO3)2·xH2O in the presence of triethylamine as base. The single crystal XRD analysis indicated that both metallic ions are connected to each other through phenolic oxygen atom from fully deprotonated ligand. Based on the SHAPE analysis, the DyIII ion has nine coordination numbers with distorted spherical capped square antiprism geometry, while the ZnII ion has six coordination numbers with distorted octahedral geometry. DC magnetic studies reveal the existence of antiferromagnetic interaction between the ZnII and LnIII metal centers. AC magnetic studies reveal that the complex 1 show field‐induced single‐molecule magnet (SMM) properties with an effective energy barrier of 155 K under an applied dc field of 0.1 T, whereas complex 2 does not show SMM behavior. Furthermore, we conducted DFT and ab initio CASSCF + RASSI‐SO calculations to probe the single‐ion properties of Ln(III) ions and to understand the role of the diamagnetic ZnII ion in the magnetization relaxation in order to interpret the experimental observations. Ab initio calculations predict that the gz values are strongly axial in nature in the ground state of Dy(III) ion in complex 1 and that allows the magnetic relaxation to occur via excited states with a Ucal of 380.8 K. DFT calculations discovered that the presence of the diamagnetic Zn(II) ion causes greater negative charges on the bridging oxygen atoms, which enhances the anisotropy of Dy(III) ion and thus reduces the quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) effects, and helps to achieve better SMM features for 1.