bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dry-Heat Tolerance of Common Tree Species in a Central Chinese City: Responses to Heterogeneous Habitat Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhu Wenli , Xing Xiaoyi
Published: July 2024

Global warming has intensified the occurrence of dry heatwaves, and the heterogeneous urban habitats can influence trees' tolerance to dry-heat conditions, however the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This research investigated the dry-heat tolerance of nine common trees in Wuhan, a central Chinese city facing persistent heatwave threats, and explored the multifactorial influence of urban habitat variations on trees’ dry-heat tolerance. Diverse habitat sites with the sample plots in various spatial scales were established for each tree species. Dry-heat tolerance was evaluated through visual assessment, measuring the degree of leaf damage during a historic dry heatwave event. A significant interspecific difference was observed in trees’ dry-heat tolerance, with Pittosporum tobira exhibiting the highest dry-heat tolerance, while Prunus × yedoensis displayed the lowest, in relevance to the life forms and provenances of species. And the dry-heat tolerance of trees in a specific species varied across various habitats, influenced by surrounding building enclosure and land cover composition. The Degree of Building Enclosure was the most prominent habitat factor, followed by the Percentage of Canopy Coverage and the Percentage of Grove Area, all of which positively affected tree tolerance, in contrast with the Percentage of Impermeable Surface showing a negative effect. In addition, the scale effect was evident, that the 50m and 100m range were identified as the most effective spatial scale of campus habitats affecting trees’ dry-heat tolerance, especially for the species with weaker tolerance. The findings can support the selection of tree species and optimization of artificial habitats to enhance the heatwave resilience of urban vegetation in central Chinese cities.
Application Of Herrmann's Brain Quadrant Model and its Relationship with Learning Styles in Anesthesiology Residents
Authors: Ortega-Barreiro Angélica , Almanzor-Gasca Perla Angélica , Gonzalez-Ojeda Alejandro , Torres-Gómez Athziri Guadalupe , Vázquez-Sánchez Sergio Jiram , González-Muñoz Samantha Emily , García Andrea , Luna Ana Guadalupe Sánchez , Meza Kathia Dayana Morfín , Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , Cervantes-Pérez Enrique , Ramírez-Ochoa Sol , Cardiel Maria Guadalupe Castillo , Cortés-Flores Ana Olivia , Chavez-Tostado Mariana , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde
Published: July 2024

Background: In the field of medicine, the ability to learn and adapt to clinical demands is essential in the training of residents. The Herrmann Brain Model categorizes thinking styles based on the preference for utilizing brain quadrants, serving as an applied tool for residents to assess their learning preferences.
Objective: This study aims to delineate the learning styles according to Herrmann's brain quadrant model among anesthesiology residents at the Hospital de Especialidades de Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Anesthesiology residents were enrolled, and the Herrmann Brain Dominance Test was administered. Each brain quadrant embodies distinct characteristics, thinking patterns, and approaches to knowledge acquisition. The test comprises 120 multiple-choice items on academic, daily, and professional scenarios. The quadrants are described as follows: LC "Scientific Expert," LL "Organizer-Introvert," RC "Interpersonal Strategist," RL "Imaginative Communicator."
Results: Twenty-seven residents participated, with an average age of 28.4 ± 1.4 years (12 [44.4%] female and 15 [55.5%] male). According to the dominance test, the predominant cerebral hemisphere was quadrant LC in 8 residents (29.6%), 6 with LC/RC (22.2%), 6 with LC/LL (22.2%), 3 with CD (11.1%), 2 with LL (7.4%), and 1 with LL/RC (3.7%). One case exhibited no dominance, represented graphically as "None" (3.7%).
Conclusion: Utilizing this model among residents revealed that the left cortical quadrant, designated as the "scientific expert," exhibited the highest dominance. A logical, analytical, and rational personality characterizes this quadrant.
How long does it take to start minimal enteral feeding in preterm Neonates admitted to NICUs in Southern Oromia, Ethiopia?
Authors: Fikrie Anteneh , Yambo Terefu , Edin Alo , Gelchu Miesa , Hailu Dejene , Spigt Mark
Published: July 2024

Background
The timely initiation of trophic feeding (TF) is crucial for premature newborns, but challenging due to immaturity, respiratory instability, abdominal distension, resource scarcity, and healthcare worker expertise. Moreover, there is a dearth of information on predictors of full trophic feeding time. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the time it takes and its predictors to initiate minimal enteral feeding in preterm neonates in Southern Oromia.
Method
A facility-based retrospective follow up study was conducted among 434 randomly selected preterm neonates admitted to NICU of Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital and Yabello General Hospital from January 1, 2021-December 30, 2022. Data were extracted by a pretested structured checklist, entered into Epidata 3.1 and then transferred to Stata version 17 for analysis. Kaplan Meier survival curve and log rank test were used to estimate survival time and a statistical comparison respectively. Bivariable and multivariable cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify predictors of time to initiate TF and their outputs are presented using Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).
Result
In our study, the overall incidence density rate (IDR) of initiation of TF was 43.6 per 100 neonates-days of follow-up with a median time to start TF of 2 days and also only 21.93% of newborns started TF on the first day of observation. Furthermore, Neonates born vaginally (AHR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.13), GA of 32 < 34 weeks (AHR: 0.61, CI: 0.46, 0.81), VLBW (AHR = 0.45, CI: (0.34, 0.60), absence of KMC (AHR: 0.59, CI: 0.46, 0.79), absence of sepsis (AHR: 1.76, CI: 1.36, 2.28), absence of hypothermia (AHR: 1.51, CI: 1.19, 1.93) and secondary level of hospital (AHR: 0.78, CI: 0.62, 0.99) were associated with initiation of TF.
Conclusion
We observed a significant low rate of TF initiation and higher death rate of preterm newborn in our study as compared to the global. Preterm neonates with lower GA, no KMC, and a VLBW are more likely to have a delayed initiation. Our results highlight that, staff training on identifying neonates suitable for TF, and ensuring adequate resources for KMC in all NICU levels should be considered. Moreover, further studies are required to validate these findings and determine the influence on clinical outcomes.
A short-term immersive auditory-cognitive training improves speech in noise perception in older adults with varying hearing acuity and working memory capacity
Authors: Frei Vanessa , Giroud Nathalie
Published: July 2024

Ageing is associated with elevated pure-tone thresholds, accompanied by increased difficulties in understanding speech-in-noise. While amplification provides important, but insufficient support, auditory-cognitive training (ACT) might provide support. However, generalized effects have been scarce, highlighting the necessity of training designs targeting the improvement of real-world listening. We addressed this issue by designing a short-term ACT in a purely auditory- and a virtual multisensory environment, targeting the integration of sensory and cognitive processing of natural speech. 40 healthy older participants with varying hearing- and cognitive capacities were exposed to both training (cross-over design), while speech-in-noise perception was measured before and after each session. Immersive ACT exposure resulted in increased speech-in-noise perception, particularly for individuals with more pronounced hearing-loss or reduced auditory working memory capacity. These results demonstrate that training the integration of sensory and cognitive demand, particularly in a multisensory environment, has the potential to improve real-world listening.
Application of Hybrid CNN-Transformer for Classifying Major Coal Mine Accident Hazards
Authors: TU QIANG , Yue Liang , Zong Yijiang , Li Zequan
Published: July 2024

Most coal mining enterprises in China have established and use safety production information systems for hazard identification and management, but related accident hazard data have not been fully utilized. This study is based on the classification standards defined by the "Coal Mine Major Accident Hazard Determination Standards" implemented by the Ministry of Emergency Management in 2021. We constructed a classification system including 15 major hazard categories and 79 minor hazard categories, which served as sample labels for major coal mine accident hazards. The Hybrid CNN-Transformer model was used to perform hierarchical text classification on the coal mine major accident hazard data, with the BERT model used as a baseline for comparison. The results show that in the major hazard category classification experiments, the Hybrid CNN-Transformer model outperformed the BERT model by 3 percentage points in terms of accuracy, recall, and F1 score. In the minor hazard category classification experiments, the Hybrid CNN-Transformer model achieved a maximum classification performance of 98%, generally exceeding the BERT model. The coal mine accident hazard classification algorithm based on the Hybrid CNN-Transformer model demonstrates significant classification effectiveness, providing efficient and rapid input support for coal mine major accident hazard identification systems.
Estrogen Administration Enhances the Adverse Effects of Cigarette Smoking on the Heart in Cycling Female Mice
Authors: Abidi Emna , Diab Reine , Zahreddine Rana , Kaplan Abdullah , Booz George W. , Zouein Fouad A.
Published: July 2024

Smoking, particularly chronic smoking (CS), is a threat to global health, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease (CVDs). CS induces oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which has a profound impact on cardiac structure and function. While the protective effects of estrogen, particularly 17β-estradiol (E2), on cardiovascular health are well-documented in premenopausal women, the interaction between estrogen and CS remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of chronic cigarette smoking on cardiac health in relation to ethinylestradiol (EE) oral contraceptive (OC) usage in premenopausal females. Female mice were exposed to chronic cigarette smoke and co-administered EE. Cardiac structural and functional parameters were assessed alongside inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indicators, and histological changes. Results revealed that the combination of EE and CS led to adverse cardiac remodeling characterized by increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume, decreased fractional shortening, and elevated left ventricular mass. Comparisons to both ovariectomized females and male mice indicate a singular influence of EE on cardiac contractility with CS. In addition, an inflammatory state was evident, marked by increased expression of IL-4, IL-1β, IL-13, IL-10, and PARP-1, as well as increased interstitial collagen deposition. These findings suggest a progression towards adverse cardiac remodeling resembling dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, our observations highlight the complexity of the inflammatory response triggered by smoking, potentially exacerbated by estrogen supplementation. The main finding of this study is that the combination of CS and EE enhanced adverse cardiac remodeling, which was shown structurally, histologically, and biochemically.
Chili cultivars Vulnerability: A multi-factorial examination of disease and pest-induced yield decline across different growing microclimates and watering regimens
Authors: Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Ahmad Farhan , Soleh Mochamad Arief , Khan Muhammad Rabnawaz
Published: July 2024

Background
As identified by the research, it is imperative to develop effective ways to address the pressing problem of disease and pest susceptibility in chili agriculture and secure sustainable crop yield. The research examines the impact of various growing microclimates, watering regimens, and chili cultivars on disease incidence, pest attacks, and yield loss.
Results
The study, which took place over a season, used a randomized complete block design to evaluate how well Tanjung, Unpad, and Osaka cultivars performed in four different watering regimens (100, 75, 50, and 25% ETc) and different microclimates (greenhouse, rain shelter, screen house, and open field). The findings exhibited that watering regimens and microclimates greatly influenced disease and pest occurrence, but cultivars had a minimal effect on these variables. Disease and pest attack rates were highest in the open field and lowest in the screen house. A correlation was found between lower disease and pest incidence and optimal irrigation levels (75% and 100% ETc). At lower watering regimens of 25% ETc and in the open field, yield loss was the greatest.
Conclusion
The results emphasize how crucial controlled environments and appropriate irrigation techniques are to reducing crop loss and increasing production. Enhancing watering regimens and implementing screen house cultivation are two strategies for improving the productivity and sustainability of chili output.
Beyond Traditional Prognostics: Integrating RAG-Enhanced AtlasGPT and ChatGPT 4.0 into Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcome Prediction
Authors: Basaran Alim Emre , Güresir Agi , Knoch Hanna , Vychopen Martin , Güresir Erdem , Wach Johannes
Published: July 2024

Background
To assess the predictive accuracy of advanced AI language models and established clinical scales in prognosticating outcomes for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 82 patients suffering from aSAH. We evaluated the predictive efficacy of AtlasGPT and ChatGPT 4.0 by examining the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's Index, in comparison to established clinical grading scales such as the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale, Simplified Endovascular Brain Edema Score (SEBES), and Fisher scale. This assessment focused on four endpoints: in-hospital mortality, need for decompressive hemicraniectomy, and functional outcomes at discharge and after 6-month follow-up.
Results
In-hospital mortality occurred in 22% of the cohort, and 34.1% required decompressive hemicraniectomy during treatment. At hospital discharge, 28% of patients exhibited a favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2), which improved to 46.9% at the 6-month follow-up. Prognostication utilizing the WFNS grading scale for 30-day in-hospital survival revealed an AUC of 0.72 with 59.4% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity. AtlasGPT provided the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.91) for predicting the need for decompressive hemicraniectomy, with 82.1% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity. Similarly, for discharge outcomes, the WFNS score and AtlasGPT demonstrated high prognostic values with AUCs of 0.74 and 0.75, respectively. Long-term functional outcome predictions were best indicated by the WFNS scale, with an AUC of 0.76.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates the potential of integrating AI models such as AtlasGPT with clinical scales to enhance outcome prediction in aSAH patients. While established scales like WFNS remain reliable, AI language models show promise, particularly in predicting the necessity for surgical intervention and short-term functional outcomes.
A modification DNA isolation method for morpho-molecular characterization: with some thrips species barcoding
Authors: NEGİŞ inci ŞAHİN
Published: July 2024

Thysanoptera (thrips), sap-sucking insect pests, cause significant plant damage and facilitate the spread of plant-pathogenic viruses through their feeding behavior. Molecular techniques, an emerging field within entomology, offer a reliable means of identifying thrips species (Insecta, Thysanoptera). DNA barcoding, utilizing standardized gene regions such as the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), presents a rapid and objective method for the species identification of thrips and other insects. This method is precise, widely utilized in scientific research, and has gained immense popularity as an exciting approach for species diagnosis in recent years. The accurate identification of thrips is crucial for effective pest management, given their significant impact on agriculture. The objective was to develop a specific DNA isolation method for thrips species to enhance the accuracy of identification procedures. Advances in this methodology could significantly improve the classification and management of thrips within entomology. Another goal of this study was to employ DNA barcoding methods with concise primers for molecular identification. This encompassed the evaluation of one species from the Aeolothripidae (Rhipidothrips gratiosus Uzel, 1895), three species from the Phlaeothripidae (Haplothrips andresi Priesner, 1931; Haplothrips distinguendus (Uzel, 1895); Haplothrips reuteri (Karny 1907)), and eight species from the Thripidae family (Neohydatothrips gracilicornis (Williams, 1916), Sitothrips arabicus Priesner, 1931, Anaphothrips obcurus (Müller, 1776), Kakothrips priesneri Pelikan, 1965, Pezothrips nigriventris (Pelikan, 1956), Stenothrips graminum Uzel, 1895). Specimens were collected from Yalvaç (Isparta) in western Turkiye and Selçuklu (Konya) in central Turkiye in 2020. The results of this study confirm the efficacy of employing concise primers in DNA barcoding, proving to be a highly effective and precise technique for diagnosing thrips species. Moreover, the DNA barcode system shows significant potential to enhance the accuracy of thrips species identification, especially when supported by an expanded repository of sequence information. Notably, the motified DNA isolation method substantially increases specificity in this context.
Apical morphology and dynamics analysis in hypertension and apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: new insights on the role of echocardiography
Authors: Lin Shengnan , Huang Huimei , Ruan Qinyun , Huang Chunyan , Yan Lei , Fu Liyun
Published: July 2024

Background:
The objective of this study was to introduce several novel indices to evaluate the apical morphological and dynamical features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) and hypertensive patients using echocardiography.
Methods:
A total of 125 selected subjects underwent echocardiography imaging, 35 patients with AHCM, 45 patients with essential hypertension and 45 healthy controls. The apical morphological and dynamic features included apical-basal wall thickness ratio (ABR, maximal apical wall thickness / posterior basal wall thickness), apical angle (apA), peak blood flow velocity at the apical cavity (Vap) and its ratio to the velocity at left ventricular outflow tract (Vap/ Vlvot), and, relative apical longitudinal strain [RALS, RALS = apical longitudinal strain (LSapical)/ sum of basal and mid LS (LSbasal +LSmiddle)].
Results:
Patients with hypertension had lower apA, higher Vap compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). However, ABR, Vap/ Vlvot, RALS between the 2 groups showed no statistically difference. Compared to healthy controls and hypertensives, AHCM had significantly higher ABR, Vap/ Vlvot, and lower apA, RALS (p < 0.001 for all).
Conclusion:
Echocardiography is a valuable and promising tool to assess the apical morphology and dynamics. ABR, apA, Vap/ Vlvot, RALS arrived from echocardiography can be used to distinguish between hypertension and AHCM.
Moral distress and compassion fatigue among nursing interns: A cross-sectional study on the mediating roles of moral resilience and professional identity
Authors: Shuai Ting , Xuan Yan , Jiménez-Herrera Maria F. , Yi Lijuan , Tian Xu
Published: July 2024

Background
Nursing interns often faced moral distress in clinical practice, similar to registered nurses, which can lead to compassion fatigue. The roles of moral resilience and professional identity in influencing the psychological well-being of nursing interns are recognized, but the interrelationships among moral distress, moral resilience, professional identity, and compassion fatigue in this group remain unclear.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the impact of moral distress on compassion fatigue among nursing interns and to explore the mediating role of moral resilience and professional identity.
Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with467 nursing interns. Data were collected using Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, Moral Distress Scale-revised, Rushton Moral Resilience Scale, and Professional Identity Scale. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 21.0, adhering to the STROBE statement.
Results
The mean scores for compassion fatigue, moral distress, moral resilience, and professional identity were 35.876, 44.887, 2.578, and 37.610, respectively. Moral distress was positively correlated with compassion fatigue. Structural equation modeling showed that moral resilience and professional identity partially mediated the relationship between moral distress and compassion fatigue (β = 0.448, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that moral distress directly influences compassion fatigue among nursing interns and also exerts an indirect effect through moral resilience and professional identity. Interventions aimed at enhancing moral resilience and fostering a strong professional identity may help mitigate the adverse effects of moral distress on compassion fatigue among nursing interns.
A transphyletic study of metazoan β-catenin protein complexes
Authors: Mbogo Ivan Gyaviira , Kawano Chihiro , Nakamura Ryotaro , Tsuchiya Yuko , Villar-Briones Alejandro , Hirao Yoshitoshi , Yasuoka Yuuri , Hayakawa Eisuke , Tomii Kentaro , Watanabe Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

β-catenin is essential for various biological processes, such as body axis determination and cell differentiation, during embryonic development in metazoans. β-catenin functions are thought to be exerted through complexes formed with various types of proteins. Although β-catenin complex proteins have been identified in several bilaterians, little is known about the structural and functional properties of β-catenin complexes in early metazoan evolution. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of β-catenin sequences in nonbilaterian lineages that diverged early in metazoan evolution. We also carried out transphyletic function experiments with β-catenin from nonbilaterian metazoans using developing Xenopus embryos, which included secondary axis induction in embryos and proteomic analysis of β-catenin protein complexes. Comparative functional analysis of nonbilaterian β-catenins demonstrated sequence characteristics important for β-catenin functions, and the deep origin and evolutionary conservation of the cadherin-catenin complex. Proteins co-immunoprecipitated with β-catenin included several proteins conserved among metazoans. These data provide new insights into the conserved repertoire of β-catenin complexes.
Prediction of remaining useful life of aero-engines based on CNN-LSTM- Attention
Authors: Deng Shizhe , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2024

Predicting an aircraft engine's remaining life with accuracy is crucial for maintaining both financial stability and aviation safety. The capacity to analyze spatiotemporal data enhances machine RUL's predictive performance. Nevertheless, the majority of spatiotemporal information processing models now in use lack the ability to extract adaptive features in addition to having complicated topologies. In light of this, the paper suggests a deep learning-based approach to forecast an engine's remaining life. This method has the potential to enhance data feature recognition and, as a result, boost model prediction accuracy. First, we standardize the input features and compute the aircraft engine dataset test set's Remaining Useful Life (RUL) using CMAPSS. After extracting characteristics from the input data using a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), the extracted data is fed into an LSTM model (Long Short Term Memory) and attention (multi head attention) is added to forecast how long the aircraft engine would last. Finally, ablation study and comparison model experiments were used to evaluate and compare the suggested aircraft engine model. the research results show that the CNN-LSTM-Attention model performs well predictively on the dataset and its Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 15.306, 12.913, 12.507, and 13.902 in FD001, FD002, FD003, and FD004, respectively,. In comparison to other models, our proposed model has the best prediction accuracy on the CMPASS dataset, indicating strong reliability and accuracy.
Development and verification of a taxa-specific gridded pollen modelling system for the UK
Authors: Neal Lucy Sarah , Brown Katherine , Agnew Paul , Bennie Jonathan , Clewlow Yolanda , Early Regan , Hemming Deborah
Published: July 2024

Allergic rhinitis, often caused by allergies from grass, tree or weed pollen, affects a large proportion of the UK population, and leads to significant costs to the National Health Service. The existing UK pollen forecast, produced manually, provides a single daily level for each of 16 regions. We present here an implementation of a pollen modelling capability within the Met Office Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) dispersion model. This will provide taxa-specific outputs at high temporal (hourly) and spatial (5 km) resolutions, which will eventually transform the level of detail in a future forecast system and therefore be of significantly greater use to the public and health professionals for managing pollen risks. Initial developments are for the three taxa which are the most allergenic across the UK population: birch, oak and grass. Pollen grain emission maps have been estimated using species distribution modelling methods. The timing of the pollen season is controlled within NAME by an accumulated temperature sum parametrisation, while pollen release is estimated with short term meteorological dependencies based on precipitation, wind speed and the vapour pressure deficit, along with a diurnal cycle. We show that, when run in hindcast mode, NAME performance (verified against pollen observations) is comparable with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service ensemble median prediction for birch and grass. Evaluation of NAME for simulating the UK Daily Pollen Index shows an improved correlation coefficient compared to the existing manual forecast.
Reconsidering inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Germany: A spatiotemporal analysis combining individual educational level and area-level socioeconomic deprivation
Authors: Reis Marvin , Michalski Niels , Bartig Susanne , Wulkotte Elisa , Poethko-Müller Christina , Graeber Daniel , Rosario Angelika Schaffrath , Hövener Claudia , Hoebel Jens
Published: July 2024

Combining the frameworks of fundamental causes theory and diffusion of innovation, scholars had anticipated a delayed COVID-19 vaccination uptake for people in lower socioeconomic position depending on the socioeconomic context. We qualify these propositions and analyze educational differences in COVID-19 vaccination status over the first ten months of Germany’s vaccination campaign in 2021. Data from the study “Corona Monitoring Nationwide” (RKI-SOEP-2), collected between November 2021 and February 2022, is linked with district-level data of the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD). We estimated the proportion of people with at least one vaccination dose stratified by educational groups and within different settings of regional socioeconomic deprivation at three time points. Logistic multilevel regression models were applied to adjust for multiple covariates and to test cross-level-interactions between educational levels and levels of area-level socioeconomic deprivation. Vaccination rates were lower among respondents with lower education. With increasing area-level socioeconomic deprivation, educational differences were larger due to particularly low vaccination rates in groups with low education levels. The analysis of vaccination timing reveals that educational gaps and gaps by area-level socioeconomic deprivation had appeared early in the vaccination campaign and did not close completely before the 4th wave of COVID-19 infections.
Relationships between in-person and remote religious attendance and loneliness, quality of life, stress and anxiety among older adults during covid-19 in ireland
Authors: O'Maoileidigh Brendan , Ward Mark , Kenny Rose Anne , Scarlett Siobhan
Published: July 2024

Background
Religious attendance has been shown to have a positive effect on psychological health among the older people [1]. Due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions and precautionary health advice, many older adults struggled to attend service in-person. However, 87% of faith organisations provided a form of remote service between June and December 2020 [2].
Methods
Data were from Wave 6 (2021) of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Data were collected via telephone interview and self-completion questionnaires. The analysis sample was made up of 3,961 community-dwelling adults living in Ireland aged 60 years and older. To assess religious attendance, participants were asked about how often they attended in-person and how often they attended remotely using radio, television, or internet streaming. Relationships between religious attendance, Quality of Life (QoL), Loneliness, Stress, and Anxiety were modelled using linear regressions.
Results
The sample was 44.1% male and 55.9% female, with a mean age of 72.0 years. In-person religious attendance was positively related to higher QoL [Beta=192.92, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)=9.45, 376.39, p<0.05].
Remote religious attendance was positively related to higher anxiety [IRR=1.03, 95% CI=1.02, 1.04, p<0.001].
Conclusion
Results show that in-person attendance was positively related to QoL, while remote attendance was positively related to higher anxiety. This may be a result of the lack of social connectedness felt when practicing religion remotely or the higher level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should focus on social connectedness felt during in-person religious practice and during remote practice.
Performance Investigation on Energy Harvesting In Cognitive Radio Network Derived From Black Widow Optimization Technique
Authors: S Oudaya coumar , R Surender , M Raja , S Thiyagarajan
Published: July 2024

The process of evolution in the computation methods used in the energy harvesting techniques in MISO cognitive radio networks is thoroughly studied. It involves two users the licensed User (primary user) and the Non-licensed (secondary user). The hybrid base station (HBS) is the network involves with both the PU and SU. Secondary user consists of multiple antennas which are used to harvest energy from hybrid base station. Nakagami-m fading channel is used to transmit the data in uplink and downlink. Asymptotic formula is used to derive signal to noise ratio and also average system error probability and ergodic capacity which could be formulated using the closed form expression. In this paper, black widow optimization technique is used to find fitness value of population. Moreover, black widow method is used to minimize outage probability and also in identifying the optimum secondary user transmission power. Black widow optimization works on the principle of the evolution methodology of the black widow spider and its mating behaviours. This meta heuristic algorithm is used to validate the mathematical analysis.
Association between childhood obesity and vitamin D: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Xi , Luo Jie , Du Jun , Sun Xu , He Kunfeng , Zhu Yuxian , Lu Deqin , Gu Huajian
Published: July 2024

Background: Previous randomized controlled trial studies have confirmed that obesity can cause changes in serum vitamin D levels, but these changes has not been studied in children. This study evaluated the causal relationship between childhood obesity and vitamin D levels by performing a Mendelian randomization analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics.
Methods: Vitamin D is present in the blood in the form of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), childhood obesity and 25(OH)D levels data were obtained from the IEU open GWAS project, which were subjected to Mendelian randomization analyses. In this study, the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the predominant analysis method and was complemented by Mendelian randomization-Egger regression (MR-Egger), simple mode, weighted median and weighted mode methods. The Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier（MR-PRESSO）method was utilized to identify horizontal pleiotropy and potential outliers.
Results: This study indicated that childhood obesity cases the serum of 25(OH)D, which was significant in the IVW [OR (95%CI), 0.977 (0.966–0.989), P = 0.0001], and weighted-median [OR (95%CI), 0.983(0.969–0.997), P = 0.015] analyses, but nonsignificant in the MR-Egger [OR (95%CI), 0.985 (0.897–1.082), P = 0.784] , simple mode [OR (95%CI), 0.985 (0.965–1.005), P = 0.233] and weighted mode [OR (95%CI), 0.985 (0.967–1.004), P = 0.214] analyses. No significant heterogeneity or potential pleiotropy was detected, and the possibility of weak instrumental variables (IVs) was also excluded.
Conclusion: In summary, we found a potential inverse association between elevated childhood obesity and 25(OH)D levels, which suggested that obese children need timely vitamin D supplementation.
Chenodeoxycholic acid alleviated the cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and suppressing renin-angiotensin system through AT2R and ACE2 mRNA upregulation in rats
Authors: Bingul Ilknur , Kalayci Rivaze , Tekkesin Merva Soluk , Olgac Vakur , Bekpinar Seldag , Uysal Mujdat
Published: July 2024

Objective
Oxidative stress, inflammation and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation play an important role in the nephrotoxicity which is caused by the long-term use of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA). This study investigates whether chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an endogenous farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulates CsA nephrotoxicity.
Methods
CsA (25 mg/kg/day; s.c.) was administered to rats for 12 days. CDCA (20 mg/kg/day; i.p.) injection was started 3 days before CsA and continued for 15 days. CDCA improved renal damage and function in CsA-administered rats. Renal function markers in serum, renal histology, oxidative stress, inflammation and RAS components were determined in kidney.
Results
CDCA reduced CsA-induced renal increases in NADPH oxidases 4 and NADPH oxidases 2 mRNA expressions, oxidative stress and inflammation. CDCA elevated renal FXR, small heterodimer partner-1, hypoxia-inducible factor and vascular endothelial growth factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor mRNA expressions in CsA rats. It prevents renin angiotensin system activation by reducing angiotensin II (Ang-II) levels in serum and upregulating renal mRNA expressions of Ang II type-II receptor (AT2R) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but not AT1R and ACE in CsA rats.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that CDCA may be a protective agent against CsA-nephrotoxicity by decreasing inflammation, oxidative stress and RAS activation via AT2R and ACE2 upregulations.
An R package for flexible modeling of spatio-temporal data
Authors: Mínguez Román (corresponding author) , Basile Roberto , Durbán María
Published: July 2024

This article introduces the R package pspatreg, publicly available for download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network, for estimating semiparametric spatio-temporal econometric penalized spline (P-Spline) models. These models may include a nonparametric spatio-temporal trend, a spatial lag of the dependent variable, independent variables, or the noise, and a time series autoregressive noise. The essential functions in this package cover the estimation of P-Spline spatio-temporal econometric models using either the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method or the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method, as well as the computation of marginal impacts for both parametric and nonparametric terms. Moreover, this package provides methods for the graphical display of estimated nonlinear functions and spatial or spatio-temporal trend maps. Applications to cross-sectional and panel spatial data are used as examples of these functions’ usage.
JEL Classification: C14 , C21 , C23
MSC Classification: 35A01 , 62G08
Characterizing Engineering Sites in a Sedimentary-based terrain using Ground Magnetic Attributes methods: A Case Study from the Karak Area, Southern Kohat Plateau, Pakistan.
Authors: Rehman Khaista , Farooq Muhammad Umar , khan Azeem
Published: July 2024

The Karak District of the Southern Kohat Plateau was chosen as the location of the magnetic data acquisition, that accomplished four grids totaling 7,600 square meters. Approximately 5 and 10 meters distanced the interstations. The initial compilation of magnetic field data had been adjusted for the purpose to identify anomalies. Gaps, magnetic spikes, and noise from the sensors were observed. Minor fractures or nonmagnetic source rocks have been suggested to be the origin of the low magnetic flexural anomalies found in the Western, Central, and Eastern regions of the map. On the other hand, the northern and southern areas had extensive overburden or deep source bodies, which may have originated from faults or diamagnetic minerals. These regions are regarded as weak points for building. Hydrogeological research is required because of the low magnetic intensity in the region. Large constructions could have been firmly supported by the magnetic sedimentary rocks and shallow overburden, forming a round closure. In the Western, Central, and Southern areas, widely spaced contour lines are indicative of substantial overburden or deep source bodies, which are thought to be non-magnetic minerals or faults. Development in the area should be avoided because of the possible risks that come from building towering structures.
Charging Ahead: Managing Grid Impacts from Increased Electric
Vehicle Adoption in African Cities
Authors: Lukuyu June , Shirley Rebekah , Taneja Jay
Published: July 2024

Electric vehicles are pivotal for global climate solutions, particularly in emerging markets like Africa. Despite the continent's clean energy potential, electric vehicle adoption faces unique challenges due to inefficiencies and reliability issues of distribution power grids. Here, we analyze the impacts of expanding electric vehicle fleets—private, commercial, and paratransit—on Nairobi's power grid. We simulate traffic patterns, charging behaviors, and transformer utilization using local mobility data. Our results show that while electric commercial and paratransit fleets may improve power system efficiency, widespread private EV adoption could significantly strain the grid, increasing peak loads and transformer aging. Smart charging strategies could mitigate these issues, reducing potential transformer replacement costs by up to 40%. Our study highlights the importance of tailored demand management and infrastructure planning to support EV growth in African cities, providing critical insights for policymakers, utilities, and transport planners to facilitate sustainable electric mobility transitions.
Retrospective Analysis of Multi-drug Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria on Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. The Multicenter Ranger Study.
Authors: Boscolo Annalisa , Bruni Andrea , Giani Marco , Garofalo Eugenio , Sella Nicolò , Pettenuzzo Tommaso , Bombino Michela , Palcani Matteo , Rezoagli Emanuele , Pozzi Matteo , Falcioni Elena , Pistollato Elisa , Biamonte Eugenio , Murgolo Francesco , D'Arrigo Graziella , Gori Mercedes , Tripepi Giovanni Luigi , Gottin Leonardo , Longhini Federico , Grasso Salvatore , Navalesi Paolo , Foti Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) is a rapidly expanding life-support technique worldwide. The most common indications are severe hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia, unresponsive to conventional treatments, primarily in cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Concerning potential contraindications, there is no mention of microbiological history, especially related to multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria before V-V ECMO placement. Our study aims to investigate: i) the occurrence of MDR Gram-negative (GN) bacteria in a cohort of V-V ECMOs; ii) the risk of 1-year mortality; and iii) the impact of annual hospital V-V ECMO volume on the probability of acquiring MDR GN bacteria.
Methods: All consecutive adults admitted to the Intensive Care Units of 5 Italian university-affiliated hospitals and requiring V-V ECMO were screened. Exclusion criteria were age < 18 years, pregnancy, veno-arterial or mixed ECMO-configuration, incomplete records, survival < 24 hours after V-V ECMO placement. A routine protocol of microbiological surveillance was applied and MDR profiles were identified using in vitro susceptibility tests.
Results: Two hundred and seventy-nine V-V ECMO patients (72% male) were enrolled. The overall MDR GN bacteria percentage was 50%: 21% (n. 59) detected before and 29% (n. 80) after V-V ECMO placement. The overall 1-year mortality was 42%, with a higher risk observed in precolonized patients (aOR 2.14 [1.33-3.47], p-value 0.002), while not in ‘V-V ECMO-acquired MDR GN bacteria’ group (aOR 1.51 [0.94-2.42], p-value 0.090), as compared to ‘non-MDR GN bacteria’ group (reference). A larger annual hospital V-V ECMO volume was associated with a lower probability of acquiring MDR GN bacteria during V-V ECMO course (aOR 0.91 [0.86-0.97], p-value 0.002).
Conclusions: The occurrence of MDR GN bacteria was 21% before and 29% after V-V ECMO connection. A history of MDR GN bacteria, before V-V ECMO, was an independent risk factor for mortality. The annual hospital V-V ECMO volume affected the probability of acquiring MDR GN bacteria.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov registration number NCTNCT06199141, date 12.26.2023.
Assessment and Repeatability of Aerobic Capacity Using the Chester Step Test Among Current, Former, and Never Smokers
Authors: Caci Grazia , Spicuzza Lucia , Emma Rosalia , Campagna Davide , Nadir Meera , Anastasi Erika , Pennisi Francesco , Hunter Stanley , Bhide Shivraj , Polosa Riccardo
Published: July 2024

Cigarette smoking contributes to reduced cardiorespiratory performance, which may improve upon cessation. Consequently, former smokers' cardiorespiratory fitness should not be significantly different from that of never smokers.
We compared aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) among current, former, and never smokers and verified its repeatability. V̇O2max values were obtained using the Chester Step Test (CST) method during two separate study visits approximately 10 days apart.
V̇O2max measurements were available from a total of 70 subjects (23 current, 23 former, and 24 never-smokers) and showed significant repeatability. Current smokers had the worst aerobic capacity, with a mean VO2max ± SD of 38.8 ± 4.5, which was significantly lower than the VO2max of 41.62 ± 3.8 in never-smokers (p < 0.0001) and 41.43 ± 4.6 in former smokers (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed between never-smokers and former smokers.
V̇O2max estimates by CST were reproducible and showed that the aerobic capacity of individuals who smoke is substantially inferior compared to never and former smokers. Improvement in cardiorespiratory performance following smoking cessation may have important implications for smoking cessation, especially for those smokers who perceive enhanced physical performance as a tangible benefit.
Intermuscular adipose tissue or intramuscular adipose tissue content, which affects skeletal muscle density more? -a study based on abdominal opportunistic CT
Authors: Guo Xinyi , Cao Nana , Deng Xin , Wang Nan , Li Rui , Ren Song , Fu Fei , Kang Liqing , He Zhen
Published: July 2024

To explore intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) which affect skeletal muscle density (SMD) more and elucidate its underlying causes. 292 inpatients without definite musculoskeletal system disease were recruited. All the patients performed abdominal CT. Muscle parameters which included skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), SMD, IMAC and IMAT, and fat parameters which included area of subcutaneous fat tissue in abdominal wall were measured by two musculoskeletal radiologists with Image J software at the level of L3 vertebrae. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors which affected SMD, and compared the extent of influence. SMD was highly correlated with IMAT and IMAC (p < 0.05), moderately correlated with gender, age and area of subcutaneous fat tissue in abdominal wall (p < 0.05), and slightly correlated with BMI (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that IMAC, IMAT and age are influencing factors of SMD (p < 0.05). The order of influence degree is IMAT(Stbβ=-0.616), IMAC(Stbβ=-0.429), and age (Stbβ=-0.098). Area of subcutaneous fat tissue in abdominal wall and gender were not influence factors of SMD (p > 0.05). Age, IMAT, and IMAC exert an influence on SMD. Notably, the impact of IMAT on SMD is much more significant.
Modulation effects on the dynamics of a ring of three Duffing oscillators coupled unidirectionally with time-dependent damping
Authors: Hernández-Cedillo J. C. , Gallegos A. , Urenda-Cázares E. , Barba-Franco J.J.
Published: July 2024

We study the dynamics of a ring of three unidirectionally coupled modulated double-well Duffing oscillators for three different values of the damping coefficient: fixed damping, proportional to time, and inversely proportional to time. The dynamics in all cases are analyzed through time series, Fourier transforms, Poincaré sections, as well as bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents with respect to the coupling strength and modulation parameters (amplitude Γ and frequency θ). In the first case, we observe how a well-known route from a stable steady state to hyperchaos through Hopf bifurcation and a series of torus bifurcations change when modulation parameters (amplitude and frequency) and the coupling strength are increased. In the second case, the system is highly dissipative and converges into one of the small limit cycles generated from the attraction basins. Finally, transient toroidal hyperchaos coexists with quasi-periodic states in the third case.