bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiurolithiatic effect of a polyherbal formulation against sodium oxalate-induced urolithiasis in rats
Authors: Sayed Amany A. , Soliman Amel M. , Fahmy Sohair R. , Hosny Rasha
Published: April 2023

Background

The present study assesses the role of polyherbal formula (LACTN) against sodium oxalate (NaOx)—stimulated urolithiasis prophylactic and curative. Forty-eight rats were separated into the following regimen’s groups: Groups I, II, III, and IV (prophylactic groups). Group I (control group) received saline as vehicle. Group II (urolithiatic group) received 70 mg NaOx / kg b.wt, i.p. Groups III and IV received LACTN and cystone prophylactic (500 and 750 mg/kg b.wt, respectively) from 1st day to 7th day of urolithiasis induction. Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII (curative groups): these were divided into the prophylactic regimes, but LACTN and cystone were administered from 7th day to 14th day of urolithiasis induction.

Results

Urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN and cystone elevated the urinary volume significantly (P < 0.05). Also, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the serum and urine calcium and phosphate concentrations beside the increased magnesium value in urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN. LACTN significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorates serum and urine creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. Moreover, urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN significantly (P < 0.05) diminished MDA and increased GSH, GST, SOD, and CAT compared with urolithiatic rats.

Conclusions

LACTN has anti-lithogenesis effect that may be due to its ability to remove the already presenting stone and/or to prevent the generation of extra calcium oxalate crystals. This action may be due to its components’ synergetic action that may provide encouraging combined formula to prevent/treat urolithiasis.
Association between MTHFR C677T variant and risk for congenital heart defects in Egyptian children: a case–control study including meta-analysis based on 147 cases and 143 controls
Authors: Esmaiel Nora N. , Ashaat Engy A. , Al-Ettribi Ghada M. , Fayez Alaaeldin , Alsaiedi Sonia A. , El Ruby Mona O.
Published: April 2023

Background

Stratification analysis studies showed that ethnicity has a significant association regardingMTHFRC677T variant and congenital heart diseases (CHDs) risk, and many published studies have controversial conclusions toward this association.

Methods

In this study, the association between theMTHFRC677T variant and the risk for CHDs was evaluated in 91 children with CHD and 95 healthy controls, as new cases, by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Besides that, 2 case–control studies in the Egyptian population published before 2021 were included in this meta-analysis. The association was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) based on 294 alleles in CHD cases and 286 alleles in controls.

Results

The overall meta-analysis showed a significant association betweenMTHFRC677T variant and CHDs risk in Egyptian children with heterogeneity (Heterogeneity = 0.001) in all the genetic models with the highly significant association in T versus C allele (pooled OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31–2.74;pvalue < 0.0004). The consistency of the genotypes was detected by Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).

Conclusions

Our results support theMTHFR-677T allele as a susceptibility factor for CHDs in the Egyptian pediatric patients.
Interaction of peripheral CD4+CD25+CD127− Tregs with prolactin in HCV hepatocellular carcinoma: oncogenic or immunogenic mechanisms
Authors: El-Makarem Mona Abd El-Rahman Abu , Sayed Douaa Mohammed , Matta Ragaa Abdelshaheed , Mohamed Mahmoud Ragab , El-Malak Manal Ameer Abd , Abbas Nehal Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

Background and objective

There is little and conflicting data about the peripheral CD4+CD25+CD127− Tregs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of various etiologies. The expressed membrane-bound transforming growth factor (mTGF-β1) on these Tregs is a marker of their suppressive function. Prolactin suppresses Tregs function in healthy subjects but enhances local Tregs in breast cancer. Our study is the first to assess the frequency and function of CD4+CD25+CD127−Tregs and their association with clinicopathological features and staging in HCV-related HCC and to determine whether prolactin acts as an oncogenic growth factor or participates in the regulation of the immune response mediated by peripheral Tregs. In patients with HCV- elated HCC, HCV-cirrhotic patients, and healthy subjects, we measured the frequency of peripheral traditional CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and well-characterized CD4+CD25+CD127−Tregs and their mTGF-β1 using flow cytometric analysis and measured serum prolactin level.

Results

The frequency of CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+CD25+CD127− Tregs was comparable between HCC and cirrhotic patients and healthy subjects. Serum prolactin and mTGF-β1 on traditional and CD4+CD25+CD127− Tregs were significantly higher in HCC and cirrhotic patients than healthy subjects with an insignificant difference between HCC and cirrhotic patients. Roc curve analysis revealed that cutoff value for mTGF-β1 on Tregs ≥ 13.5% is a good specific (87%) but low sensitive (54%) test in discriminating HCC patients from healthy subjects. The frequency of Tregs and mTGF-β1 were not correlated to clinicopathological characteristics or staging of HCC. Prolactin was higher in the multifocal lesions and negatively correlated to expressed mTGFβ1. The expressed mTGF-β1 was positively correlated with hemoglobin and alanine transaminase. The traditional Tregs was positively correlated with hemoglobin and albumin.

Conclusion

mTGFβ1, as a marker for suppressive function of peripheral CD4 + CD25 + CD127-Tregs, has a diagnostic role in discriminating HCV-related HCC patient from healthy subjects, unfortunately not from HCV-related cirrhotic patients. Serum prolactin has an oncogenic role as it is correlated to multiple focal lesions. It also impedes the suppressive function of peripheral Tregs as an immunogenic role. mTGF-β1 is related to hemoglobin and hepatic inflammation.
Associations of activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors with cognitive and social-emotional health in early childhood
Authors: St. Laurent Christine W. , Rasmussen Charlotte Lund , Holmes Jennifer F. , Cremone-Caira Amanda , Kurdziel Laura B. F. , Desrochers Phillip C. , Spencer Rebecca M. C.
Published: April 2023

Background

Early childhood is important for cognitive and social-emotional development, and a time in which to promote healthy movement behaviors (sedentary behavior, physical activity, and sleep). Movement behaviors may have interactive influences on cognition and social-emotional factors in young children, but most previous research has explored them independently. The purpose of this study was to determine if movement behaviors are associated with measures of cognitive and social-emotional health in young children and if so, to describe optimal compositions of movement behaviors of a daily cycle for such outcomes.

Methods

Children (n = 388, 33 to 70 months, 44.6% female) from a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03285880, first posted September 18, 2017) wore accelerometers on their wrists for 24-h for 9.56 ± 3.3 days. Movement behavior compositions consisted of time spent in sedentary behaviors, light intensity physical activity, moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and sleep. Outcomes were cognitive (receptive vocabulary, declarative and procedural memory, and executive attention) and social-emotional measures (temperament and behavioral problems). Compositional linear regression models with isometric log ratios were used to investigate the relations between the movement behavior composition and the cognitive and social-emotional health measures. If a significant association was found between the composition and an outcome, we further explored the “optimal” 24-h time-use for said outcome.

Results

Movement behavior compositions were associated with receptive vocabulary. The composition associated with the predicted top five percent of vocabulary scores consisted of 12.1 h of sleep, 4.7 h of sedentary time, 5.6 h of light physical activity, and 1.7 h of MVPA.

Conclusions

While behavior compositions are related to vocabulary ability in early childhood, our findings align with the inconclusiveness of the current evidence regarding other developmental outcomes. Future research exploring activities within these four movement behaviors, that are meaningful to cognitive and social-emotional development, may be warranted.
Primary pulmonary pleomorphic liposarcoma found with a massive hemothorax
Authors: Ohsawa Fumi , Matsuura Natsumi , Numajiri Kazuki , Igai Hitoshi , Kamiyoshihara Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2023

Background

Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a rare and aggressive subtype of liposarcoma. Here we report the case of a 45-year-old man with PLPS in the lung, which was accompanied by a massive hemothorax.

Case presentation

The patient presented to hospital with chest pain. A chest x-ray showed massive right pleural effusion. We drained the right chest cavity of 1 L of blood and enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a massive right hemothorax and a 78 × 70 mm mass in the right lower lung lobe. The tumor was ruptured and bleeding, so we performed right lower lobe resection. Pathological investigations revealed a PLPS. One month after surgery, positron emission tomography-CT showed considerable pleural dissemination in the right lung field. The patient died 3 months after surgery.

Conclusions

PLPS of the lung is rare, but requires attention because it can cause tumor rupture and hemothorax due to rapid tumor growth, and which may make complete resection of tumor difficult or necessitate emergency surgery.
A comparison of airborne geophysical data over two magmatic nickel deposits
Authors: Cross Blake , Peterson Hannah
Published: April 2023

Historical exploration for economic nickel (Ni) mineralization has often targeted magmatic sulfide deposits in extensional settings. However, convergent-margin-hosted Alaskan-type complexes represent a potentially underexplored source of Ni. Case studies of the geophysical responses associated with two magmatic Ni deposits (one is typical, and one is associated with an Alaskan-type complex) are presented, and the results are compared. Data were assessed from historical and newly acquired airborne geophysical surveys that were collected over the Mayville property in southeast Manitoba and the Turnagain property in northern British Columbia. The properties were explored by Mustang Minerals Corporation and Giga Metals Corporation, respectively. Airborne electromagnetic (EM) and magnetic data were utilized to compare the two properties and the mineralized zones. The review showed that the Mayville magmatic sulfide deposit was directly detectible with EM methods, and the passive and active-source methods were complementary to one another. The EM data did not directly detect the Turnagain Alaskan-type deposit, but the magnetics data proved to be successful in defining the geologic framework. Implications for future targeting and exploration for economic Ni mineralization are considered.
Geophysical transects in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada from the mineral-exploration-oriented Metal Earth project
Authors: Smith Richard S. , Naghizadeh Mostafa , Cheraghi Saeid , Adetunji Ademola , Vayavur Rajesh , Eshaghi Esmaeil , Hill Graham J. , Snyder David , Roots Eric A. , Justina Fabiano Della , Fam Hossein Jodeiri Akbari , Mancuso Christopher , McNeice William , Maleki Amir , Haugaard Rasmus , Jørgensen Taus R. C. , Wannamaker P. E. , Maris V.
Published: April 2023

The Metal Earth project integrates geophysics, geology, geochemistry, and geochronology to improve the understanding of metal endowment in Precambrian terranes. Magnetics (airborne), gravity, magnetotellurics, and reflection seismic methods are the primary geophysical tools employed. Data were collected along 13 transects in the initial phase of the project. All geophysical tools are crucial for understanding the structure of the shallow, middle, and deeper crust and identifying pathways along which the constituents of critical minerals might have migrated from a source to a deposit. The magnetic data are used predominantly to help map the geology away from the transects, and the gravity data are useful for extending the near-surface geology to depths up to 8 km. The magnetotelluric data show the upper Archean crust to about 10 km as highly resistive, except for some conductive subvertical zones that correspond to major deformation zones, many of which are known to be metalliferous. This suggests that these conductive zones could have been hydrothermal fluid pathways feeding the mineral deposits. These zones can be traced to larger horizontal conductive zones in the midcrust. The seismic reflection data are consistent with and complement this: the upper crust is primarily nonreflective; however, the midcrust shows many horizontal reflectors, usually with a consistent dip to the north. Processing crooked-line seismic data is problematic, and techniques have been developed to improve the imaging, including multifocusing, 3D processing, full-waveform inversion, and cross-dip moveout methods. Passive seismic data have also been collected. Ambient-noise surface-wave tomography can be used to infer broad zones of similar seismic velocity between major reflectors, while receiver function analysis has been used to identify deeper structures such as horizontal features at or below the Moho and a dipping structure evident to about 70 km depth.
Reviews
Authors: Aitken Julie
Published: April 2023

Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage, edited by Lianjie Huang, 2022.
Determination of the Optimal Volume of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus When Combined With the Dural Puncture Epidural Technique for Labor Analgesia: A Random-Allocation Graded Dose-Response Study
Authors: Xiao Fei , Yao Han-Qing , Qian Jing , Deng Jia-Li , Xu Zheng-Fen , Liu Lin , Chen Xin-Zhong
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

The dural puncture epidural (DPE) and the programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) techniques are recent innovations for labor analgesia. The optimal volume of PIEB during traditional epidural analgesia has been investigated previously but it is unknown whether these findings are applicable to DPE. This study aimed to determine the optimal volume of PIEB for effective labor analgesia after initiation of analgesia using DPE.

METHODS:

Parturients requesting labor analgesia received dural puncture with a 25-gauge Whitacre spinal needle and then had analgesia initiated with 15 mL of ropivacaine 0.1% with sufentanil 0.5 μg/mL. Analgesia was maintained using the same solution delivered by PIEB with boluses given at a fixed interval of 40 minutes starting 1 hour after the completion of the initial epidural dose. Parturients were randomized to 1 of 4 PIEB volume groups: 6, 8, 10, or 12 mL. Effective analgesia was defined as no requirement for a patient-controlled or manual epidural bolus for 6 hours after the completion of the initial epidural dose or until full cervical dilation. The PIEB volumes for effective analgesia in 50% of parturients (EV50) and 90% of parturients (EV90) were determined using probit regression.

RESULTS:

The proportions of parturients with effective labor analgesia were 32%, 64%, 76%, and 96% in the 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-mL groups, respectively. The estimated values for EV50 and EV90 were 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9−7.9) mL and 11.3 (95% CI, 9.9−15.2) mL, respectively. There were no differences in side effects, including hypotension, nausea and vomiting, and fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities among groups.

CONCLUSION:

Under the conditions of the study, after initiation of analgesia using DPE, the EV90 of PIEB for effective labor analgesia using ropivacaine 0.1% with sufentanil 0.5 μg/mL was approximately 11.3 mL.
Women Representation in Anesthesiology Society Leadership Positions
Authors: Harbell Monica W. , McMullen Kaley B. , Kosiorek Heidi , Kraus Molly B.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although the number of women in medicine has increased, women remain underrepresented in leadership positions, specifically in medical societies. Specialty societies in medicine are influential in networking, career advancement, research and education opportunities, and providing awards and recognition. The goals of this study are to examine the representation of women in leadership positions in anesthesiology societies compared to women society members and women anesthesiologists and to analyze the trend in women society presidents over time.

METHODS:

A list of anesthesiology societies was obtained from the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) website. Society leadership positions were obtained via the societies’ websites. Gender was determined by images on the society website and images or pronouns on hospital websites and research databases. The percentage of women presidents, vice presidents/presidents-elect, secretaries/treasurers, board of directors/council members, and committee chairs was calculated. The percentage of women in society leadership positions was compared to the percentage of women society members when available, and the percentage of women anesthesiologists in the workforce (26%) using binomial difference of unpaired proportions tests. The trend of women presidents from 1980 to 2020 was analyzed using a Cochran-Armitage trend test.

RESULTS:

A total of 13 societies were included in this study. Overall, women held 32.6% (189/580) of leadership positions. 38.5% (5/13) of presidents, 17.6% (3/17) of presidents-elect/vice presidents, and 45% (9/20) of secretaries/treasurers were women. In addition, 30.0% (91/303) of board of directors/council members and 34.2% (90/263) of committee chairs were women. The percentage of women holding society leadership positions was significantly greater than the percentage of women anesthesiologists in the workforce (P < .001), as was the percentage of women as committee chairs (P = .003). The percentage of women society members was available for 9 of 13 societies (69%), and the percentage of women leaders was similar to the percentage of women society members (P = .10). There was a significant difference in the percentage of women leaders between society size categories. Small societies had 32.9% (49/149) women leaders, medium had 39.4% (74/188) women leaders, and the single large society had 27.2% (66/243) (P = .03). There were also significantly more women leaders in the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) than there are women members (P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that anesthesia societies may be more inclusive of women in leadership positions compared to other specialty societies. Although in anesthesiology, women remain underrepresented in academic leadership roles, there is a higher proportion of women in leadership roles in anesthesiology societies than proportion of women in the anesthesia workforce.
Another Arabia
Authors: Bsheer Rosie
Published: April 2023

abstract

This article takes up the occluded history of a particular category of migrant—the migrant scholar—in late Ottoman Mecca. It does so through the trajectory of the prominent Indian religious and anti-colonial scholar Muhammad Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (1818–1891) and the afterlives of al-Sawlatiyya, the school he founded in 1873 in Mecca, where many South Asian and other scholars and rebels sought refuge in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through his teaching and public activism in Mecca, he built the scaffolding of a long intellectual and political legacy. Kairanawi and other scholar-activists brought with them a panoply of anti-colonial and modernist ideas—secular and religious, reformist and revolutionary. Exposing the centrality of migrant scholars to the social, intellectual, and political fabrics of Arabian and South Asian lifeworlds reveals another Arabia, one that demolition and historical revision—now mundane universal practices—seek to permanently erase. Doing so also delivers profound lessons on the figure of the migrant as scholar, on the imperative of transcending national history, and on thinking of history itself as punctured by continuous crises.
A Systematic Review Comparing Focused Ultrasound Surgery With Radiosurgery for Essential Tremor
Authors: Kondapavulur Sravani , Silva Alexander B. , Molinaro Annette M. , Wang Doris D.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Focused ultrasound (FUS-T) and stereotactic radiosurgery thalamotomy (SRS-T) targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus are effective incisionless surgeries for essential tremor (ET). However, their efficacy for tremor reduction and, importantly, adverse event incidence have not been directly compared.

OBJECTIVE:

To present a comprehensive systematic review with network meta-analysis examining both efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of FUS-T vs SRS-T for treating medically refractory ET.

METHODS:

We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using the PubMed and Embase databases. We included all primary FUS-T/SRS-T studies with approximately 1-year follow-up, with unilateral Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale or Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor scores prethalamotomy/post-thalamotomy and/or AEs. The primary efficacy outcome was Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale A+B score reduction. AEs were reported as an estimated incidence.

RESULTS:

Fifteen studies of 464 patients and 3 studies of 62 patients met inclusion criteria for FUS-T/SRS-T efficacy comparison, respectively. Network meta-analysis demonstrated similar tremor reduction between modalities (absolute tremor reduction: FUS-T: −11.6 (95% CI: −13.3, −9.9); SRS-T: −10.3 (95% CI: −14.2, −6.0). FUS-T had a greater 1-year adverse event rate, particularly imbalance and gait disturbances (10.5%) and sensory disturbances (8.3%). Contralateral hemiparesis (2.7%) often accompanied by speech impairment (2.4%) were most common after SRS-T. There was no correlation between efficacy and lesion volume.

CONCLUSION:

Our systematic review found similar efficacy between FUS-T and SRS-T for ET, with trend toward higher efficacy yet greater adverse event incidence with FUS-T. Smaller lesion volumes could mitigate FUS-T off-target effects for greater safety.
Global Neurosurgery: Progress and Resolutions at the 75th World Health Assembly
Authors: Garcia Roxanna M. , Ghotme Kemel A. , Arynchyna-Smith Anastasia , Mathur Priyanka , Koning Marinus , Boop Frederick , Peterson Dan , Sheneman Natalie , Johnson Walter D. , Park Kee B. , Griswold Dylan , Aukrust Camilla G. , Barthélemy Ernest J. , Ibbotson Geoffrey , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rosseau Gail L.
Published: April 2023

Neurosurgical advocates for global surgery/neurosurgery at the 75th World Health Assembly gathered in person for the first time after the COVID-19 pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland, in May 2022. This article reviews the significant progress in the global health landscape targeting neglected neurosurgical patients, emphasizing high-level policy advocacy and international efforts to support a new World Health Assembly resolution in mandatory folic acid fortification to prevent neural tube defects. The process of developing global resolutions through the World Health Organization and its member states is summarized. Two new global initiatives focused on the surgical patients among the most vulnerable member states are discussed, the Global Surgery Foundation and the Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and other Neurological Disorders. Progress toward a neurosurgery-inspired resolution on mandatory folic acid fortification to prevent spina bifida-folate is described. In addition, priorities for moving the global health agenda forward for the neurosurgical patient as it relates to the global burden of neurological disease are reviewed after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Γυναικεία μόδα και πρότυπα ομορφιάς στο Αιγαίο
Authors: Ευαγγελίδου Όλγα
Published: April 2023

Αντικείμενο της έρευνας αποτελεί η γυναικεία μόδα σε σχέση με την Ελληνική Επανάσταση του 1821 στο Αιγαίο. Εξετάζονται τόσο η προεπαναστατική περίοδος αλλά και τα πρώτα χρόνια ίδρυσης του ελληνικού κράτους, ώστε συγκρίνοντας τις περιόδους να αποσαφηνιστεί αν η Επανάσταση επέφερε αλλαγές ή τομές στη μόδα της περιόδου στη Σύρο και κυρίως στην Ερμούπολη (1789-1850). Αρχικά, αναπτύσσονται οι λόγοι για τους οποίους προκρίνεται η έννοια της μόδας έναντι άλλων εννοιών, όπως η «ένδυση/ενδυμασία», η «παραδοσιακή φορεσιά» ή το «κοστούμι». Στη συνέχεια, αναλύονται τα στοιχεία της μόδας (ο καλλωπισμός, η έννοια του μοντέρνου/σύγχρονου με την εποχή, οι αλλαγές και νέες τάσεις, η μίμηση, η διάκριση και τα πρότυπα ομορφιάς) και επιχειρείται η ανάλυσή τους με παραδείγματα της Σύρου. Επιπλέον, τα πρότυπα ομορφιάς διερευνώνται στην ευρύτερη περιοχή των νησιών του Αιγαίου. Δεδομένου ότι δεν υπάρχουν μουσειακά τεκμήρια της περιόδου από τη Σύρο, αναλύονται τα ενδυματολογικά στοιχεία όπως εντοπίζονται στα νοταριακά έγγραφα, την πιο αξιόπιστη διαθέσιμη πηγή πληροφοριών για την περίοδο του 18ου και του 19ου αιώνα. Οι γραπτές πηγές συγκρίνονται με άλλες πηγές, όπως περιηγητικά κείμενα, χαρακτικά ή άλλα μουσειακά ενδύματα από νησιά του Αιγαίου και επιχειρείται να δοθεί η ερμηνεία των λέξεων όπου κρίνεται σκόπιμο. Στον βαθμό που είναι εφικτό, γίνεται αντιστοίχιση των λέξεων σε εικόνες και σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις πραγματοποιείται σχεδιαστική απόδοσή τους. Μέσω της ανάλυσης των πληροφοριών για τα ενδύματα, τα κοσμήματα, τα υποδήματα και όποιο άλλο ενδυματολογικό στοιχείο είναι διαθέσιμο, επιχειρείται να ανασυσταθεί η μόδα της Σύρου στην παραπάνω χρονική περίοδο.
Neurological involvement, immune response, and biomarkers in Kawasaki disease along with its pathogenesis, therapeutic and diagnostic updates
Authors: Amir Omniat , Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Inban Pugazhendi , Gadam Srikanth , Aleti Soumya , Sunasra Rayyan Rafik , Gupta Karan , Elhag Mustafa , Mahmoud Mohammed , Alsir Omklthoum
Published: April 2023

Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile disease that is not typically fatal if treated and affects infants and children more commonly. More than 80% of the afflicted patients are under the age of four. This disease most commonly affects coronary arteries. In a minority of cases, Aneurysms can burst or produce thrombosis, and they can cause infarction. The distinctive redness in the palms and soles of the feet might result from a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to a cross-reactive or recently discovered antigen (s). Autoantibodies against epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells are produced as a result of subsequent macromolecule synthesis and polyclonal white blood cell activation, which intensifies the redness. Kawasaki disease's clinical manifestations range from oral skin disease to the blistering of the mucosa, symptoms involving the hands and the feet, skin disease of the palms and soles, a desquamative rash, and cervical lymphatic tissue enlargement (so it is also referred to as tissue layer lymphatic tissue syndrome). Most untreated patients develop some vessel sequelae, from well-organized coronary inflammation to severe arterial blood vessel dilatation to giant artery aneurysms with rupture or occlusion, infarction, and thrombosis. With human gamma globulin administration, reasonable standards of medical care, and the use of analgesics, the speed of symptomatic progression and inflammatory artery changes are reduced. In this review, we have covered the immunology of Kawasaki disease, its biomarkers, and the neurological manifestations of this multisystem illness. We have also included a discussion on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Mortality due to traffic accidents in Colombia: Profiles of pedestrians and cyclists, 1998-2019
Authors: Montenegro-Martínez Gino , Agudelo-Cifuentes Maite-Catalina , Muñoz-Rodriguez Diana-Isabel
Published: April 2023

Background: Traffic accidents are an important issue for public health and a threat for sustainable development, with pedestrians and cyclists having been recognized as the most vulnerable actors on the streets. The objective of this study was to analyze the profiles of pedestrians and cyclists who died as a result of traffic accidents in Colombia during the 1998-2019 period.

Methods: An observational and descriptive study, with the deaths due to traffic accidents in Colombia between 1998 and 2019 as data source. Secondary data were taken from the Vital statistics of Colombia (EEVV), published by Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). A trend analysis of the number of deaths during the period under study was performed, and such number was examined against sex to identify potential differences. Multiple correspondence analysis was employed to elaborate the profile of pedestrians and cyclists who die due to traffic accidents. Three profiles were prepared for each road actor: a global profile, one for 1998, and another for 2019.

Results: The mortality profiles are different for pedestrians and cyclists, and, in turn, there are also demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic conditions in each type of road actor, which determine higher mortality risks. High population density, younger age group in the cyclists and adults among the pedestrians, low schooling levels and absence of health insurance are suggested as key factors in these profiles. Related to sex, for men is not possible to establish a profile. Women's cases are commonly related to health insurance, age, and population density.

Conclusions: Several contextual and demographic characteristics in pedestrians and cyclists allow delimiting mortality profiles. The profiles that were identified suggest the need to articulate road safety policies with other social and development policies in order to coordinate and integrate intersectoral actions that reduce mortality in these road actors.
Causes and contexts of childhood overweight and obesity in the Pacific region: a scoping review
Authors: Bertrand-Protat Solene , Chen Juliana , Jonquoy Aurélie , Frayon Stéphane , Thu Win Tin Si , Ravuvu Amerita , Caillaud Corinne , Galy Olivier
Published: April 2023

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major threat to health and development and account for 75% of deaths in the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs). Childhood obesity has been identified as a main risk factor for NCDs later in life. This review compiled overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence (anthropometric data) for children aged six to 12 years old living in the Pacific region and identified possible related causes.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for articles published between January 1980 and August 2022. We also searched for technical reports from Ministries of Health. Guided by the eligibility criteria, two authors independently read the selected articles and reports to extract and summarise relevant information related to overweight and obesity.

Results: We selected 25 articles, two worldwide analyses of population-based studies and four national reports. Information revealed that childhood OWOB prevalence reached 55% in some PICTs. This review also indicated that age, gender and ethnicity were linked to children’s weight status, while dietary practices, sleep time and level of physical activity played a role in OWOB development, as well as the living environment (socio-economic status and food availability), parenting practices and education level.

Conclusion: This review highlighted that anthropometric data are limited and that comparisons are difficult due to the paucity of surveys and non-standardized methodology. Main causes of overweight and obesity are attributed to individual characteristics of children and behavioural patterns, children’s socio-economic environment, parenting practices and educational level. Reinforcement of surveillance with standardised tools and metrics adapted to the Pacific region is crucial and further research is warranted to better understand root causes of childhood OWOB in the Pacific islands. More robust and standardized anthropometric data would enable improvements in national strategies, multisectoral responses and innovative interventions to prevent and control NCDs.
DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR POTENTIAL IN RUSSIA AS A CONDITION FOR OVERCOMING SANCTION PRESSURE FROM WESTERN COUNTRIES: LESSONS OF HISTORY
Authors: Chuev S. , Mitrofanova Elena , Konovalova Valeriya , Mitrofanova Alexandra
Published: April 2023

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of the Soviet experience in the development of industrial and labor potential in order to use it in modern conditions; revealed objectively existing signs inherent in the socio­economic situation in Russia both in the Soviet period and at the present time; a historiographic analysis of the history of the economic development of the USSR was carried out; the practice of creating in education system that made it possible to achieve the goals of industrialization and socio­economic development of the USSR was studied.

The study was conducted by the team of authors of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «State University of Management» as part of the execution of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 075­03–2022–156 / 6 dated 09.21. Economic and Industrial Potential of the Russian State under the Technological Blockade and Western Sanctions: Soviet Experience and Modern Solutions.
THE INFLUENCE OF LIPID METABOLISM GENES AND THE AGE OF THE FIRST CALVING ON THE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF TATARSTAN-TYPE COWS
Authors: Lamara Mohammed , Zagidullin Lenar , Ahmetov Tahir , Shaydullin Radik , Tyulkin Sergey
Published: April 2023

. Identification of the optimal age of the first calving for cows of a particular herd allows them to be operated more efficiently for a long time. The optimal age of the first calving of cows is an indirect criterion for early prediction of dairy productivity and indicators of lifetime use of cows. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the influence of the age of the first calving on the indicators of dairy productivity of Tatarstan-type cows with different genotypes by lipid metabolism genes (OLR1, DGAT1, LEP). The research was carried out on 79 first-class heifers of the Tatarstan type in the conditions of the agricultural company "Agrofirma Rassvet" of the Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Genotypes of lipid metabolism genes in animals were determined by molecular genetic methods, namely: PCR-RFLP analysis (OLR1, DGAT1) and AS-PCR analysis (LEP). The analysis of the complex effect of the age of the first calving and the genotypes of the genes of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (OLR1), diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) and leptin (LEP) on the manifestation of milk productivity (yield, mass fraction of fat and protein in milk, milk fat and protein yield) of cows of the Tatarstan type was carried out. Studies have shown that with an increase in the age of the first calving to 24.1-26.0 months, 26.1 months and more, Tatarstan-type cows with the genotypes OLR1/AC, OLR1/CC, DGAT1/AK, DGAT1/AA, LEP/CC and LEP/CT increased milk productivity (yield, milk fat and protein). The opposite trend was typical for individuals with the LEP/TT genotype, in which the animals with the lowest age of the first calving (up to 24.0 months) had the highest milk productivity.
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION IN MODERN VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN—TAKING KINDERGARTEN BRAND IMAGE DESIGN AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: GUO ZIDI
Published: April 2023

With the rapid development of information technology today, "emotional" product design has become one of the main trends in the development of contemporary product design. Modern visual communication design is not only a means of using text to disseminate visual information to achieve the superficial visual perception of the public but has also become the main medium and platform for visual interaction between artists and people. Therefore, in today's visual communication design process, designers need to pay more attention to the introduction of emotional concepts, so as to broaden the vision of product design, and use the introduction of concepts and emotions in works to shorten the distance between consumers, so as to achieve better interaction with the product. In this article, we have studied the use of emotional design in products and analyzed the concept and emotion in the design process of kindergarten brand image products as an example, hoping to give some reference to designers and practitioners.
RESEARCH ON THE BUYER'S RULE OF NORMAL OPERATION IN CIVIL CODE BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNDERSTANDING OF APPLICABLE CONDITIONS
Authors: ZHONG ZHAOJIE
Published: April 2023

Article 404 of China's Civil Code stipulates the buyer's rule of normal operation. However, there are considerable disputes about the applicable conditions of this rule in both academic and judicial fields. Starting from the perspective of legal provisions, combined with academic viewpoints and overseas judicial experience, this paper analyzes the three applicable conditions of "normal business activities", "reasonable price has been paid" and "achieving mortgaged property" stipulated in the law and Whether the buyer should have subjective goodwill by means of case analysis and comparative study, in order to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the applicable conditions of the buyer's rule of normal operation.
STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PERSONALIZED TEACHING MODEL OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ENGLISH CLASSROOM BASED ON THE CULTIVATION OF CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF BIG DATA
Authors: ZHAO XUEYING , WANG XINYU
Published: April 2023

On the background of big data, the author applies constructivism learning theory and conducts research with the goal of developing secondary school students' English critical thinking skills. Teaching mode in the traditional secondary school still follows empiricism. In the era of rapid development of big data, secondary school teachers use big data to analyze a large amount of information, understand students' learning dynamics, adjust their teaching schemes according to their realities, and carry out studies based on students' characteristics. Secondary school teaching mode still follows empiricism. In the era of rapid development of big data, secondary school teachers use big data to analyze a large amount of information, understand students' learning dynamics, adjust their teaching schemes and carry out teaching according to students' characteristics to guide them to develop critical thinking skills in it.
TV VARIETY SHOW IN CHINESE STYLE: RESEARCH ON CROSS- MEDIA NARRATIVE FOR RECONSTRUCTION TO CHINESE
Authors: LU FUYAO
Published: April 2023

The "Chinese-style variety show", of which the classic Chinese traditional culture is regarded as the main content, is classified as a cultural variety show, what has been an important TV program type on the screen in recent years. This study cites the crossmedia narrative theory as an important theoretical support to analyze the path to reshape traditional Chinese classics in TV variety shows. This study found that TV variety shows mainly use the methods of "centrifugal narration" and "centripetal narration" to design different themes around "Chinese style variety shows", as this kind of TV program mainly adopts the flexible narrative methods to complete the remodeling of traditional Chinese classics.
STUDY ON MAKING FULL USE OF QUALITY RESOURCES OF LOCAL UNIVERSITIES FOR DIGITAL RESEARCH OF REGIONAL INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: SHEN ZHUANG
Published: April 2023

Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of Chinese cultural heritage, is the context persist, digital inheritance important carrier of Chinese civilization, Xi Jinping, general secretary attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage and inheritance, make important instructions for many times, with the impact of the wave of economic globalization and the acceleration of modernization, protection and inheritance of cultural heritage is facing great challenges, a large number of folk cultural heritage especially "heritage" inheritance and utilization, even endangered embarrassment. At present, digital technology is not only widely used in various industrial fields, but also opened up a new way for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. It is of great importance and far-reaching significance to give full play to the high-quality resources of local universities to serve the digital research of regional intangible cultural heritage, to find the realistic ways of orderly inheritance of intangible cultural heritage and promote the regional economic and cultural construction.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF COPYRIGHT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTS IN THE ERA OF WEAK ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: GENG JINGZHUO
Published: April 2023

At present, although artificial intelligence technology is still in the stage of weak artificial intelligence, it depends on the development of digital computing, which breaks the monopoly position of human beings in the field of literary creation, and then the legal subject and behavior of copyright have intelligent tendency, which puts forward new problems in judicial practice. Through the analysis of the nature of AI-generated works and the distinction between different categories, this paper makes a concrete analysis of the copyright of AI-generated works, and then draws the conclusion that the copyright of AI-generated works belongs to people. By using the criterion of "contact + substantial similarity", it is concluded that the self-editing articles produced by artificial intelligence based on deep learning do not belong to infringement. The expression and utilization of manuscript washing in artificial intelligence products constitutes infringement and does not belong to fair use. Whether the use of the original material by the ideological use of manuscript washing constitutes infringement requires a case judgment.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY UPGRADING ON FIRMS' EXPORT PERFORMANCE: BASED ON THE MICRO EVIDENCE OF QUALITY AWARDS, WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS AND QUALITY CERTIFICATION
Authors: WU PINGPING
Published: April 2023

The existing literature lacks the classification of product quality upgrading levels and ignores the effect of product quality upgrading at different hierarchical levels on firms' export performance. Based on this, this paper takes Chinese manufacturing exporters as the research subjects, using panel fixed effects and instrumental variables methods, and empirically examines the effect of product quality upgrading (and product quality upgrading at different levels) on firms' export performance using the 2000-2013 China Import and Export Customs Database, the China Industrial Enterprises Database, and a self-curated product quality upgrading database. The results of the research show that the number of Chinese manufacturing exporters that have upgraded their product quality is increasing. The mean and the level of product quality upgrading are both constantly elevating. Product quality upgrading has a significant positive effect on export performance, and the positive effect of product quality upgrading on export performance is greater for high-level product quality upgrading than for low and medium-level product quality upgrading. The positive effect of product quality upgrading on export performance is greater for state-owned enterprises, small enterprises, and enterprises in central and western regions. The empirical results help to refine the understanding of the export growth effect brought by product quality upgrading and provide micro evidence for China's "Great Power of Quality" strategy.
The best defence? A good offence
Authors: Thomas Richard
Published: April 2023

Richard Thomas examines the latest research linking oral health to both the body and brain.
Hitting your social media stride
Authors: Kitchen Lucia
Published: April 2023

Dental Nursing talks to Lucia Kitchen about how her clinical experience gives her the edge in practice marketing.
The opportunity of a lifetime!
Authors: Khan-Osborne Fazeela
Published: April 2023

Fazeela Khan-Osborne highlights why tailored implant learning can be an excellent next step for dental nurses.
Polyphenolic Profiles and Cytotoxic Effect of Iraqi Morus alba leaves Ethyl Acetate Extract.
Authors: Ibrahim Ruaa Mohammed , Ibrahim Nabaa M. Ibrahim , Abdul-jalil Thukaa Z.
Published: April 2023

Morus alba, member of the Moraceae family, is a perennial tree utilized in folk medicine, preparing the modern drug, and considered the main food for silkworms. However, data on chemical content in the leaves is still limited; the main objective of this study is to detect the presence and determine the concentration of different polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of the Morus alba plant by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethyl acetate extract of this plant on human breast cancer (AMJ-13) cell line. Phytochemical analysis of the Morus alba leaves ethyl acetate extract led to identifying and quantification of six polyphenolic constituents designated as phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acid), catechins (epicatechin) and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin) in which p-coumaric acid exhibited the highest concentration follow by luteolin (identified for the first time), chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, apigenin and epicatechin as the least. According to estimates, the ethyl acetate extract with a high concentration of polyphenolic constituents gave the best findings as cytotoxic against breast cancer AMJ-13 cell line with an IC50 value of 129.5 µg/ml.
Spatio-temporal structuring control of a vectorial focal field
Authors: Rao Jingyuan , Long Xian , Gao Yuan , Yan Wenxiang , Yuan Zheng , Sun Hanchao , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Wang Xi-Lin , Ding Jianping , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: April 2023

Focal field modulation has attracted a lot of interest due to its
potential in many applications such as optical tweezers or laser
processing, and it has recently been facilitated by spatial light
modulators (SLMs) owing to their dynamic modulation abilities.
However, capabilities for manipulating focal fields are limited by the
space-bandwidth product of SLMs. This difficulty can be alleviated by
taking advantage of the high-speed modulation ability of digital
micromirror devices (DMDs), i.e., trading time for space to
achieve fine focus shaping. In this paper, we propose a new, to the
best of our knowledge, technique for achieving four-dimensional focal
field modulation, which allows for independent manipulation of the
focal field’s parameters (including amplitude, phase, and
polarization) in both the space and time domains. This technique
combines a DMD and a vector field synthesis system based on a 4-f
system. The high-speed modulation ability of DMDs enables versatile
focus patterns to be fast switchable during the exposure time of the
detector, forming multiple patterns in a single recording frame. By
generating different kinds of focal spots and lines at different
moments during the exposure time of the detector, we can finally get
complete multifocal spots and lines. Our proposed method is effective
at improving the flexibility and speed of the focal field modulation,
which is beneficial to applications.