bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory axis in hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhong Guoqiang , Lin Yan , Huang Zansong
Published: March 2023

In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to play an essential regulatory role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through various mechanisms, particularly the endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. Therefore, it is significant to explore the circRNAs in hepatoma. In this study, we constructed the ceRNA and survival network using Cytoscape. We also used R, Perl software, and multiple online databases and platforms, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), to perform overall survival, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, pathway activity, and anticancer drug sensitivity analysis of the genes. Finally, the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the diagnosis value of the genes. KEGG analysis revealed the T cell receptor signaling pathway as the main enrichment pathway. A total of 29 genes related to survival and prognosis were screened out. The findings suggest that ZNF544, WDR76, ACTG1, RASSF3, E2F3, ASRGL1, and POGK are associated with multilevel immune cell infiltration. Additionally, immune checkpoint analysis screened out the ACTG1, E2F3, RASSF3, and WDR76. It was also revealed that the WDR76, E2F3, ASRGL1, and POGK mainly activated the cell cycle and DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. The results suggest that the sensitivity toward trametinib, refametinib (RDEA119), and selumetinib correlates to the expression of WDR76. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of all genes in the regulatory axis was greater than 0.7. The identified hsa_circ_0000417/hsa_circ_0002688/hsa_circ_0001387--hsa-miR-199a-5p--WDR76 regulatory axis may provide new insights into the progression, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of HCC.
The role of SMAD signaling in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: an immunohistopathological study in pediatric and adult patients
Authors: Zhang Zhengjie , Zhang Fengzhi , Zhang Mingkui , Xue Hui , Fan Lixin , Weng Yan
Published: March 2023

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) can bring a high risk of sudden cardiac death in young people. It is particularly urgent to understand the development and mechanism of HOCM to prevent unsafe incidents. Here, the comparison between pediatric and adult patients with HOCM has been performed to uncover the signaling mechanism regulating pathological process through histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis. We found SMAD proteins played an important role during myocardial fibrosis for HOCM patients. In patients with HOCM, Masson and HE staining showed that myocardial cells were diffusely hypertrophied with obvious disorganized myocardial fiber alignment, and myocardial tissue was more damaged and collagen fibers increased significantly, which come early in childhood. Increased expressions of SMAD2 and SMAD3 contributed to myocardial fibrosis in patients with HOCM, which happened early in childhood and continued through adulthood. In addition, decreased expression of SMAD7 was closely related to collagen deposition, which negatively expedited fibrotic responses in patients with HOCM. Our study indicated that the abnormal regulation of SMAD signaling pathway can lead to severe myocardial fibrosis in childhood and its fibrogenic effects persist into adulthood, which is a crucial factor in causing sudden cardiac death and heart failure in HOCM patients.
Mapping the immune landscape in small cell lung cancer by analysing expression of immuno-modulators in tissue biopsies and paired blood samples
Authors: Dutta Rimlee , Rathor Amber , Sharma Hanuman Prasad , Pandey Hem Chandra , Malik Prabhat Singh , Mohan Anant , Nambirajan Aruna , Kumar Rajeev , Jain Deepali
Published: March 2023

Small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) are aggressive tumors with high propensity to metastasize. Recent NCCN guidelines have incorporated immunotherapy in extensive stage SCLC. Limited benefit in few patients compounded by side effects of unwonted immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICPI) usage necessitates identification of potential biomarkers predicting response to ICPIs. Attempting this, we analysed expression of various immunoregulatory molecules in tissue biopsies and paired blood samples of SCLC patients. In 40 cases, immunohistochemistry for expression of immune inhibitory receptors CTLA-4, PD-L1 and IDO1 was performed. Matched blood samples were quantified for IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α and sCTLA-4 levels using immunoassay and additionally for IDO1 activity (Kynurenine/Tryptophan ratio) using LC–MS. Immunopositivity for PD-L1, IDO1 and CTLA-4 was identified in 9.3%, 6.2% and 71.8% cases, respectively. Concentration of serum IFN-γ (p-value < 0.001), TNF-α (p-value = 0.025) and s-CTLA4 (p-value = 0.08) were higher in SCLC patients while IL-2 was lower (p-value = 0.003) as compared to healthy controls. IDO1 activity was significantly elevated in SCLC cohort (p-value = 0.007). We proffer that SCLC patients show immune suppressive milieu in their peripheral circulation. Analysis of CTLA4 immunohistochemical expression along with s-CTLA4 levels appears prospective as biomarkers for predicting responsiveness to ICPIs. Additionally, evaluation of IDO1 appears cogent both as prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target as well.
Integrated multi-omics analysis of Alzheimer’s disease shows molecular signatures associated with disease progression and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Kodam Pradeep , Sai Swaroop R. , Pradhan Sai Sanwid , Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh , Vadrevu Ramakrishna
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of amyloid plaques implicated in neuronal death. Genetics, age, and sex are the risk factors attributed to AD. Though omics studies have helped to identify pathways associated with AD, an integrated systems analysis with the available data could help to understand mechanisms, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Analysis of transcriptomic data sets from the GEO database, and proteomic and metabolomic data sets from literature was performed to identify deregulated pathways and commonality analysis identified overlapping pathways among the data sets. The deregulated pathways included those of neurotransmitter synapses, oxidative stress, inflammation, vitamins, complement, and coagulation pathways. Cell type analysis of GEO data sets showed microglia, endothelial, myeloid, and lymphoid cells are affected. Microglia are associated with inflammation and pruning of synapses with implications for memory and cognition. Analysis of the protein-cofactor network of B2, B6, and pantothenate shows metabolic pathways modulated by these vitamins which overlap with the deregulated pathways from the multi-omics analysis. Overall, the integrated analysis identified the molecular signature associated with AD. Treatment with anti-oxidants, B2, B6, and pantothenate in genetically susceptible individuals in the pre-symptomatic stage might help in better management of the disease.
A multicenter phase II trial of anti-EGFR-immunoliposomes loaded with doxorubicin in patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Mamot Christoph , Wicki Andreas , Hasler-Strub Ursula , Riniker Salome , Li Qiyu , Holer Lisa , Bärtschi Daniela , Zaman Khalil , von Moos Roger , Dedes Konstantin J. , Boos Laura A. , Novak Urban , Bodmer Alexandre , Ritschard Reto , Obermann Ellen C. , Tzankov Alexandar , Ackermann Christoph , Membrez-Antonioli Véronique , Zürrer-Härdi Ursina , Caspar Clemens B. , Deuster Stefanie , Senn Martin , Winterhalder Ralph , Rochlitz Christoph
Published: March 2023

Advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, but initially chemo-sensitive disease. The prognosis is poor and more than three quarters of patients experience progression 12 months after the initiation of conventional first-line chemotherapy. Approximately two thirds of TNBC express epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR). We have developed an anti-EGFR targeted nanocontainer drug by inserting anti-EGFR antibody fragments into the membrane of pegylated liposomes (anti-EGFR-ILs-dox). The payload consists of doxorubicin, a standard drug for TNBC. In a first-in-human phase I trial in 26 patients with various advanced solid malignancies, anti-EGFR-ILs-dox has shown little toxicity and encouraging efficacy. In this single-arm phase II trial, we assessed the efficacy of anti-EGFR-ILs-dox as first-line therapy in patients with advanced, EGFR + TNBC. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 12 months (PFS12m). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs). 48 patients received anti-EGFR-ILs-dox 50 mg/m2 iv, on day one of a 28 days-cycle until progression. The Kaplan–Meier estimate for PFS12m was 13% (one-sided 90% CI 7%, 95% CI [5%, 25%]), median PFS was 3.5 months (95% CI 1.9, 5.4). The trial has not reached its primary endpoint. There were no new toxicity signals. Based on these results, anti-EGFR-ILs-dox should not be further developed for TNBC. It remains an open question whether anti-EGFR-ILs-dox would offer more opportunities in other EGFR-expressing malignancies, where targeting this receptor has already shown anticancer effects.

Trial registration: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02833766. Registered 14/07/2016.
Entropic analysis of cilia-modulated slip flow of trimetallic nanofluid through electroosmotic corrugated pump in the presence of inclined magnetic field
Authors: Munawar Sufian , Saleem Najma , Afzal Farkhanda , Mehmood Arif , Awan Malik Khurram Shahzad , Kumam Poom
Published: March 2023

An incredible eradication of thermal indulgence is required to enhance the flow and heat transfer enhancement in micro/nanofluidic devices. In addition, the rapid transport and instantaneous mixing of colloidal suspensions of metallic particles at nanoscale are exceptionally crucial at ascendency of inertial and surface forces. To address these challenges, the present work is intended to investigate the role of trimetallic nanofluid comprising of three kinds of nano-sized granules (titanium oxide, Silica and Aluminium dioxide) with pure blood through a heated micropump in the presence of inclined magnetic field and axially implemented electric field. To ensure rapid mixing in unidirectional flow, the pump internal surface is lined-up with mimetic motile cilia with slip boundary. The embedded cilia whip in pattern due to dynein molecular motion controlled by time and produce a set of metachronal waves along the pump wall. The shooting technique is executed to compute the numerical solution. In a comparative glance it is revealed that the trimetallic nanofluid exhibits 10% higher heat transfer efficiency as compared to bi-hybrid and mono nanofluids. Moreover, the involvement of electroosmosis results in almost 17% decrease in the heat transfer rate if it values jumps from 1 to 5. The fluid temperature in case of trimetallic nanofluid is higher and thus keeps the heat transfer entropy and the total entropy lower. Furthermore, involvement of thermal radiated and momentum slip significantly contribute in reducing heat losses.
U-Sleep’s resilience to AASM guidelines
Authors: Fiorillo Luigi , Monachino Giuliana , van der Meer Julia , Pesce Marco , Warncke Jan D. , Schmidt Markus H. , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Tzovara Athina , Favaro Paolo , Faraci Francesca D.
Published: March 2023

AASM guidelines are the result of decades of efforts aiming at standardizing sleep scoring procedure, with the final goal of sharing a worldwide common methodology. The guidelines cover several aspects from the technical/digital specifications, e.g., recommended EEG derivations, to detailed sleep scoring rules accordingly to age. Automated sleep scoring systems have always largely exploited the standards as fundamental guidelines. In this context, deep learning has demonstrated better performance compared to classical machine learning. Our present work shows that a deep learning-based sleep scoring algorithm may not need to fully exploit the clinical knowledge or to strictly adhere to the AASM guidelines. Specifically, we demonstrate that U-Sleep, a state-of-the-art sleep scoring algorithm, can be strong enough to solve the scoring task even using clinically non-recommended or non-conventional derivations, and with no need to exploit information about the chronological age of the subjects. We finally strengthen a well-known finding that using data from multiple data centers always results in a better performing model compared with training on a single cohort. Indeed, we show that this latter statement is still valid even by increasing the size and the heterogeneity of the single data cohort. In all our experiments we used 28528 polysomnography studies from 13 different clinical studies.
Towards circular plastics within planetary boundaries
Authors: Bachmann Marvin , Zibunas Christian , Hartmann Jan , Tulus Victor , Suh Sangwon , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo , Bardow André
Published: March 2023

The rapid growth of plastics production exacerbated the triple planetary crisis of habitat loss, plastic pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Circular strategies have been proposed for plastics to achieve net-zero GHG emissions. However, the implications of such circular strategies on absolute sustainability have not been examined on a planetary scale. This study links a bottom-up model covering both the production and end-of-life treatment of 90% of global plastics to the planetary boundaries framework. Here we show that even a circular, climate-optimal plastics industry combining current recycling technologies with biomass utilization transgresses sustainability thresholds by up to four times. However, improving recycling technologies and recycling rates up to at least 75% in combination with biomass and CO2 utilization in plastics production can lead to a scenario in which plastics comply with their assigned safe operating space in 2030. Although being the key to sustainability and in improving the unquantified effect of novel entities on the biosphere, even enhanced recycling cannot cope with the growth in plastics demand predicted until 2050. Therefore, achieving absolute sustainability of plastics requires a fundamental change in our methods of both producing and using plastics.
I-type and S-type granites in the Earth’s earliest continental crust
Authors: Zhong Shihua , Li Sanzhong , Liu Yang , Cawood Peter A. , Seltmann Reimar
Published: March 2023

The composition and origin of Earth’s earliest continental crust remains enigmatic due to the absence of Hadean (>4 Ga) age rocks. Here we address this question by using machine learning to examine the provenance of the 4.4–3.3 Ga Jack Hills zircons, which constitute the best archive of Earth’s earliest continental crust. Our results reveal that although some Jack Hills zircons may be derived from trondhjemite-tonalite-granodiorite series rocks, which were common during the Archean (4–2.5 Ga), most (as high as ~70%) are sourced from igneous (I-) and sedimentary (S-) type granites. This finding provides clear evidence for rocks other than the trondhjemite-tonalite-granodiorite suite in the Earth’s earliest continental crust. Considering that I- and S-type granites are typical of modern convergent plate margins, the presence of a high proportion of Jack Hills zircons from these rocks supports the operation of a horizontal, mobile-lid tectonic regime in the early Earth.
Chemical control of phase separation in DNA solutions
Authors: Hauf Samuel , Yokobayashi Yohei
Published: March 2023

Liquid–liquid phase separation in a DNA solution was regulated by small molecule-aptamer binding.
The light-responsive oxidase-like activity of MIL-125-NH2@Pd and its application in the determination of casein phosphopeptides
Authors: Yin Shi-Jun , Li Li-Xian , Yang Feng-Qing
Published: March 2023

MIL-125-NH2 with uniform palladium distribution is synthesized through a simple solvothermal method. Based on the excellent light-responsive oxidase-like activity of MIL-125-NH2@Pd, a sensing strategy is developed for the selective detection of CPP.
In situmodification of metal electrode by integrated microbial corrosion and microbial mineralization usingShewanella oneidensisfor efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Jia Si-Yuan , Shen Qian-Cen , Yong Yang-Chun , Mi Jian-Li
Published: March 2023

Thein situmodification of the NF electrode was developed by integrated microbial corrosion and microbial mineralization usingS. oneidensisfor OER.
A review on fabrication, actuation, and application of magnetic force driven, light driven and DNA nano/microrobots in modern theranostics
Authors: Pogu Sunil Venkanna , Dehariya Dheeraj , Yadav Dokkari Nagalaxmi , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: March 2023

Role of nano/microrobots in disease theranostics.
Dynamical behaviors of nanodroplets impinging on solid surfaces in the presence of electric fields
Authors: Pan Ling , Chen Yunhui , Li Zhi , Xie Xuqing
Published: March 2023

By adjusting the electric field strength E and electric field directions, the spreading and wetting states of nanodroplets are investigated after striking different solid surfaces under electric fields via the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
NiCo layered double hydroxide nanocages for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Hualin , Ke Qi , Qiu Xianhua , Chen Jiezeng , Chen Pinghua , Wang Shuai , Luo Xubiao , Rao Bingying
Published: March 2023

NiCo-LDH nanocages with high specific capacity, energy densities and good capacity retention are prepared with a Cu2O template etching method.
Electrospun nanofibres in drug delivery: advances in controlled release strategies
Authors: Gaydhane Mrunalini K. , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Majumdar Saptarshi
Published: March 2023

Various approaches to control the release of active molecules or drug molecules through electrospun polymeric nanofibers.
Study of the radical polymerization mechanism and its application in the preparation of high-performance PMMA by reactive extrusion
Authors: Shi Han , Zhuang Qixin , Zheng Anna , Guan Yong , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang
Published: March 2023

In this study, the mechanism of radical polymerization was further explored by pre-dissolving different polymers and studying the kinetics of the bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) under shear-free conditions.
Direct observation of magnetoelastic coupling in a molecular spin qubit: new insights from crystal field neutron scattering data
Authors: Dunstan Maja A. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Vonci Michele , Calvello Simone , Yu Dehong , Soncini Alessandro , Boskovic Colette , Mole Richard A.
Published: March 2023

Magnetoelastic coupling has been investigated using inelastic neutron scattering. This has allowed the spin–phonon coupling of the candidate qubit Na9[Ho(W5O18)2]·35D2O to be determined in the absence of an applied magnetic field.
Carbon-based electrochemical biosensors as diagnostic platforms for connected decentralized healthcare
Authors: Khan Aqsa , DeVoe Emily , Andreescu Silvana
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical biosensors: enabling rapid and cost-effective point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.
Facile preparation of a methanol catalyst with ultra-high voltage efficiency and super-durability: Pt pollution introduction by composite electrodeposition
Authors: Lei Hao , Cui Mangwei , Li Wenzheng , Huang Yan
Published: March 2023

We innovatively develop a high-performance MOR catalyst with small amounts (3.2 wt%) of Pt by composite electrodeposition using a Pt plate as a counter electrode. The material exhibits ultra-high voltage efficiency and unparalleled stability.
Geometry and mesh size control the EMI shielding in 3D printed conducting shape memory PU structures
Authors: Menon Aishwarya Vijayan , P L Jagadeshvaran , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: March 2023

The effect of geometry and size of 3D printed structures on EMI shielding was studied.
Ratiometric detection of Cu2+ in water and drinks using Tb(iii)-functionalized UiO-66-type metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Piaotong , Hao Rusi , Sun Wenliang , Li Junhui
Published: March 2023

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for Cu2+ based on Tb(iii)-functionalized UiO-66-type MOFs has been synthesized via a facile post-synthetic modification method by employing mixed linkers containing terephthalic acid and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
Correction: Carbazate-modified cross-linked dextran microparticles suppress the progression of osteoarthritis by ROS scavenging
Authors: Ding Yanfeng , Li Zhimin , Hu Wenwen , Feng Xianjing , Chen Ying , Yan Guohua , Wang Yonglin , Zhu Bo , Yao Wei , Zheng Li , He Maolin , Gao Ming , Zhao Jinmin
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Carbazate-modified cross-linked dextran microparticles suppress the progression of osteoarthritis by ROS scavenging’ by Yanfeng Ding, et al., Biomater. Sci., 2021, 9, 6236–6250. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM00743B.
Unprecedented highly efficient photoluminescence in a phosphorescent Ag(i) coordination polymer
Authors: Yoshino Haruka , Saigo Masaki , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Pirillo Jenny , Hijikata Yuh , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: March 2023

A novel Ag-based coordination polymer with a bright phosphorescence originating from metal–metal to ligand charge transfer was synthesized. The Ag⋯Ag-related emission path and structural rigidity resulted in outstanding luminescence efficiency.
Fragment imaging in the infrared photodissociation of the Ar-tagged protonated water clusters H3O+–Ar and H+(H2O)2–Ar
Authors: Ito Yuri , Kominato Mizuhiro , Nakashima Yuji , Ohshimo Keijiro , Misaizu Fuminori
Published: March 2023

Mode- and size-specific dissociation dynamics of vibrationally excited H3O+–Ar and H+(H2O)2–Ar is investigated using a photofragment ion-imaging system designed for mass-selected ions.
Alkene reactions with superoxide radical anions in flow electrochemistry
Authors: Ali Rojan , Patra Tuhin , Wirth Thomas
Published: March 2023

Molecular oxygen is used under biphasic electrochemical flow conditions to cleave alkenes.
Shapes of phases in isothermal phase diagrams: what is wrong with the Thermo-Calc logo
Authors: Adekoya Adetoye H. , Anand Shashwat , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Single phase regions may be drawn with convex, concave, or straight boundaries. The expected shape should be dependent on the defect energetics surrounding the stable compound and its relationship with the chemical potential vector space.
Correction: Revealing the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of PN-M2CO2 (P = Al, Ga; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) heterostructures
Authors: Munawar M. , Idrees M. , Alrebdi Tahani A. , Amin B.
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Revealing the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of PN-M2CO2 (P = Al, Ga; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) heterostructures’ by M. Munawar et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3na00017f.
Hierarchical porous ZSM-5-promoted FeSiMn catalyst for gasoline selectivityviaFischer–Tropsch synthesis: effect of acid sites
Authors: Zhang Yulan , Lin Xizhu
Published: March 2023

Multifunctional FeSiMn + ZSM5 is preparedviaphysically mixing chestnut-shaped FeSiMn and porous ZSM5, and it is revealed that a higher content of acid sites leads to superior catalyst performance.
Conversion of cellulose into valuable chemicals using sulfonated amorphous carbon in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
Authors: Nguyen Thien-Hang Thi , Phan Ha Bich , Nguyen Trinh Hao , Tran Kim Nguyen , Nguyen Linh Ho Thuy , Doan Tan Le Hoang , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: March 2023

The conversion of cellulose to valuable chemicals using the catalytic system C–H2SO4/[EMIM]Cl was reported for the first time. The yield of total products obtained was 88.17% (including 49.79% LA) under optimal conditions.
Organo-photocatalytic C–H bond oxidation: an operationally simple and scalable method to prepare ketones with ambient air
Authors: Nguyen Ky , Nguyen Van , Tran Hieu , Pham Phong
Published: March 2023

Scalable yet operationally simple organo-photocatalytic protocols for aerobic C–H bond oxidation of alcohols and alkylbenzenes to ketones with preliminary mechanistic study are described.
Room-temperature smectic liquid crystal monolayers for field-effect transistors
Authors: Li Chunlei , Zhu Chunguang , Shi Yanjun , Liu Jie , Chen Huajie , Jiang Lang
Published: March 2023

Two novel π-extended isoindigo derivatives were synthesized. Monolayer smectic liquid crystals that exhibit typical p-type transfer characteristics can be feasibly and repeatably prepared at room temperature.
Correction: Enhanced field emission stability of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes through anchoring for X-ray imaging applications
Authors: Liu Xinchuan , Li Yuanxun , Xiao Jianfeng , Zhao Jiuzhou , Li Chi , Li Zhenjun
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Enhanced field emission stability of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes through anchoring for X-ray imaging applications’ by Xinchuan Liu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 2505–2513, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc04363g.
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry of integral membrane proteins in native-like environments: current scenario and the way forward
Authors: Javed Waqas , Griffiths Damon , Politis Argyris
Published: March 2023

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) perform a range of diverse functions and their dysfunction underlies numerous pathological conditions. Consequently, IMPs constitute most drug targets, and the elucidation of their mechanism of action has become an intense field of research. Historically, IMP studies have relied on their extraction from membranes using detergents, which have the potential to perturbate their structure and dynamics. To circumnavigate this issue, an array of membrane mimetics has been developed that aim to reconstitute IMPs into native-like lipid environments that more accurately represent the biological membrane. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) has emerged as a versatile tool for probing protein dynamics in solution. The continued development of HDX-MS methodology has allowed practitioners to investigate IMPs using increasingly native-like membrane mimetics, and even pushing the study of IMPs into the in vivo cellular environment. Consequently, HDX-MS has come of age and is playing an ever-increasingly important role in the IMP structural biologist toolkit. In the present mini-review, we discuss the evolution of membrane mimetics in the HDX-MS context, focusing on seminal publications and recent innovations that have led to this point. We also discuss state-of-the-art methodological and instrumental advancements that are likely to play a significant role in the generation of high-quality HDX-MS data of IMPs in the future.
An adaptive control scheme against state‐dependent sensor attacks and input‐dependent actuator attacks in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhao Ping
Published: March 2023

The application of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) in many areas is threatened by its embedded structure. This paper considers the design of an adaptive controller for linear CPSs against deception attacks. Specifically, a corrective signal is designed to suppress or offset the impact of sensor and actuator attacks, especially when the controller and the correction signal are also attacked. First, an adaptive controller is developed for time‐invariant deception attacks and further extended to time‐varying deception attacks. In each case, state‐independent sensor attacks and input‐independent actuator attacks, as well as state‐dependent sensor attacks and input‐dependent actuator attacks, are discussed. For the considered closed‐loop system with time‐invariant state‐dependent sensor attacks and input‐dependent actuator attacks, the controller the authors developed ensures the asymptotic stability of the systems. For the other three cases of the corresponding system, the controllers are also designed, which ensures uniform ultimate boundedness. Finally, several numerical examples are given to explain the availability of our control scheme.
A low‐profile wide‐angle scanning ultrawideband tightly coupled dipole array without any wide‐angle impedance matching layer
Authors: Geng Yuan , Yang Deqiang
Published: March 2023

The present is a low‐profile, wide‐angle scanning, ultrawideband, tightly coupled dipole array that lacks a wide‐angle impedance matching layer and lossy materials. Impedance matching will deteriorate at the lower end of the operating bandwidth due to the influence of the ground plane. A well‐designed perforated balun is used to achieve better impedance matching. Moreover, parasitic metallic strips are attached to the dipole's side to add additional reactive components. According to the results of simulations, the impedance bandwidth of the array, which ranges from 0.67 to 2.83 GHz, and its wide‐angle scanning capability, which scans 75° in the E‐plane and 45° in the H‐plane, both achieve good performance when the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 3. The profile of the array is only 0.0581λlow above the ground plane, where λlow is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. The proposed array's simulated results are validated by fabricating and measuring an 8 × 8 prototype array.
Interaction of a coronal mass ejection and a stream interaction region: A case study
Authors: Geyer Paul , Dumbović Mateja , Temmer Manuela , Veronig Astrid , Dissauer Karin , Vršnak Bojan
Published: March 2023

We investigated the interaction of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and a coronal hole (CH) in its vicinity using remote-sensing and 1 AU in situ data. We used extreme-ultraviolet images and magnetograms to identify coronal structures and coronagraph images to analyze the early CME propagation. The Wind spacecraft and the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) provide plasma and magnetic field data of near-Earth interplanetary space. We applied various diagnostic tools to the images and to the time-series data. We find that the CME erupts under a streamer and causes the evacuation of material at its far end, which is observable as dimming and subsequent CH formation. The CME is likely deflected in its early propagation and travels southwest of the Sun-Earth line. In situ data lack signatures of a large magnetic cloud, but show a small flux rope at the trailing edge of the interplanetary CME (ICME), followed by an Alfvénic wave. This wave is identified as exhaust from a Petschek-type reconnection region following the successful application of a Walén test. We infer that the two spacecraft at 1 AU most likely traverse the ICME leg that is in the process of reconnection along the heliospheric current sheet that separates the ICME and the high-speed stream outflowing from the CH.
The young mini-Neptune HD 207496b that is either a naked core or on the verge of becoming one
Authors: Barros S. C. C. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Armstrong D. J. , Delgado Mena E. , Acuña L. , Fernández Fernández J. , Deleuil M. , Collins K. A. , Howell S. B. , Ziegler C. , Adibekyan V. , Sousa S. G. , Stassun K. G. , Grieves N. , Lillo-Box J. , Hellier C. , Wheatley P. J. , Briceño C. , Collins K. I. , Hawthorn F. , Hoyer S. , Jenkins J. , Law N. , Mann A. W. , Matson R. A. , Mousis O. , Nielsen L. D. , Osborn A. , Osborn H. , Paegert M. , Papini R. , Ricker G. R. , Rudat A. A. , Santos N. C. , Seager S. , Stockdale C. , Strøm P. A. , Twicken J. D. , Udry S. , Wang G. , Vanderspek R. , Winn J. N.
Published: March 2023

Aims. We report the discovery and characterisation of the transiting mini-Neptune HD 207496 b (TOI-1099) as part of a large programme that aims to characterise naked core planets.

Methods. We obtained HARPS spectroscopic observations, one ground-based transit, and high-resolution imaging which we combined with the TESS photometry to confirm and characterise the TESS candidate and its host star.

Results. The host star is an active early K dwarf with a mass of 0.80 ± 0.04M⊙, a radius of 0.769 ± 0.026R⊙, and aGmagnitude of 8. We found that the host star is young, ~0.52 Gyr, allowing us to gain insight into planetary evolution. We derived a planetary mass of 6.1 ± 1.6M⊕, a planetary radius of 2.25 ± 0.12R⊕, and a planetary density ofρp= 3.27−0.91+0.97g cm−3.

Conclusions. From internal structure modelling of the planet, we conclude that the planet has either a water-rich envelope, a gas-rich envelope, or a mixture of both. We have performed evaporation modelling of the planet. If we assume the planet has a gas-rich envelope, we find that the planet has lost a significant fraction of its envelope and its radius has shrunk. Furthermore, we estimate it will lose all its remaining gaseous envelope in ~0.52 Gyr. Otherwise, the planet could have already lost all its primordial gas and is now a bare ocean planet. Further observations of its possible atmosphere and/or mass-loss rate would allow us to distinguish between these two hypotheses. Such observations would determine if the planet remains above the radius gap or if it will shrink and be below the gap.
The radiation environment over the African continent at aviation altitudes: first results of the RPiRENA-based dosimeter
Authors: Mosotho Moshe Godfrey , Strauss Du Toit Roelf , Böttcher Stephan , Diedericks Corrie
Published: March 2023

The radiation environment over the African continent, at aviation altitudes, remains mostly uncharacterized and unregulated. In this paper, we present initial measurements made by a newly developed active dosimeter onboard long-haul flights between South Africa and Germany. Based on these initial tests, we believe that this low-cost and open-source dosimeter is suitable for continued operation over the African continent and can provide valuable long-term measurements to test dosimetric models and inform aviation policy.
Aktuelles zu Schwangerschaften bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Fischer-Betz Rebecca
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Planung von Schwangerschaften Fragen der Familienplanung sind
ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Betreuung von Patientinnen mit entzündlich-rheumatischen
Erkrankungen. Die Thematik sollte frühzeitig angesprochen werden. Eine sorgfältige Planung
führt nachweislich zu mehr erfolgreichen und komplikationsarmen Schwangerschaften. Zunehmend
in den Fokus rückt das Screening nach Risikofaktoren für eine Präeklampsie, da sich hieraus
die Indikation zu einer prophylaktischen Einnahme von niedrig dosiertem Aspirin ab der
Frühschwangerschaft ergeben kann. Neuere Empfehlungen unterstützen dabei praxisnah.

Schwangerschaftsverlauf Bei Frauen mit Rheumatoider Arthritis
oder Spondyloarthritis, die mit biologischen krankheitsmodifizierenden antirheumatischen
Medikamenten (bDMARDs) behandelt werden, sollte eine Fortsetzung der Medikamentengabe während
der Schwangerschaft in Betracht gezogen werden, um das Risiko eines Krankheitsschubs und
nachteiliger Schwangerschaftsfolgen zu reduzieren. Bei SLE-Schwangerschaften bietet eine
HCQ-Therapie mit einer Reduktion des Risikos einer Präeklampsie und eines kongenitalen
AV-Blocks einen Benefit, der über die reine Krankheitskontrolle hinausgeht.

Therapie vor, in und nach der Schwangerschaft Eine stabile
Erkrankung unter schwangerschaftskompatibler Medikation stellt einen der wichtigsten
prädiktiven Faktoren für einen guten Schwangerschaftsverlauf dar. Die Evidenz zur Sicherheit
von antirheumatischen Therapien steigt stetig. Aktuelle Empfehlungen sollten in der Beratung
beachtet werden.
Stadieneinteilung von Nierenkrankheiten heute und morgen
Authors: Boss Kristina , Kribben Andreas
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Neue Nomenklatur für Nierenfunktion und Nierenkrankheiten. Seit 09/2022 gibt es ein neues, deutschsprachiges Glossar zur Nomenklatur von Nierenfunktion und Nierenkrankheit, abgestimmt auf internationale Fachtermini und KDIGO-Leitlinien zur präziseren und einheitlichen Beschreibung der Sachverhalte. Begriffe wie ,,Nierenerkrankung“, „Niereninsuffizienz“ oder ,,Akutes Nierenversagen“ sollten vermieden und durch ,,Krankheit“ oder ,,Funktionseinschränkung“ ersetzt werden.

Bedeutung von Cystatin C bei der Stadieneinteilung von Nierenkrankheiten. Die KDIGO-Leitlinie empfiehlt bei Patienten im CKD-Stadium G3a, neben der Bestimmung von Serumkreatinin, die zusätzliche Bestimmung von Cystatin zur Bestätigung des CKD-Stadiums. Eine Kombination von Serumkreatinin und Cystatin C zur Abschätzung der GFR ohne Berücksichtigung des sog. Race-Koeffizienten scheint bei African Americans präziser zu sein als die bisherigen eGFR-Formeln. Es gibt dazu aber noch keine Empfehlungen in internationalen Leitlinien. Für Kaukasier ändert sich die Formel nicht.

Akute Nierenkrankheit (AKD). Eine Nierenfunktionseinschränkung, die mehr als 7 Tage, aber weniger als 3 Monate besteht, wird als akute Nierenkrankheit (AKD) bezeichnet. Die AKD-Phase ist das kritische Zeitfenster für therapeutische Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Progressionsrisikos bei Nierenkrankheiten.

Die nächsten Schritte in der Stadieneinteilung und Graduierung von Nierenkrankheiten. Eine zukünftige, erweiterte AKI-Definition unter Einbeziehung von Biomarkern ermöglicht die Einteilung von Patienten in Subklassen nach funktionellen und strukturellen Einschränkungen und bildet so die Zweidimensionalität des AKI ab. Durch Nutzung von Künstlicher Intelligenz können große Datenmengen aus klinischen Parametern, Blut- und Urinproben, histopathologischen und molekularen Markern (u.a. Proteomik- und Metabolomikdaten) zur Graduierung einer CKD integrativ genutzt werden und so wesentlich zu einer individuellen Therapie beitragen.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Sinonasal Tumors
Authors: Bhalla Ashu Seith , Mirza Galib , Manchanda Smita , Gehani Anisha , Kumar Rajeev , Sahu Arpita , Thakar Alok , Irodi Aparna
Published: March 2023

Sinonasal tumors are a relatively rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. Owing to their nonspecific presentation and rarity, they can be potentially overlooked resulting in delayed diagnosis and management, and increased patient morbidity. Imaging is crucial for the detection, staging, surgical planning, follow-up as well as surveillance of sinonasal masses, wherein computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play complementary roles. CT is better at depicting bony changes, while MRI is useful for delineating the extent of soft tissue lesion, detect perineural, intracranial, or intraorbital spread as well as differentiate trapped sinus secretions from tumor tissue. Other modalities like fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and arteriography can be selectively employed. FDG-PET is useful for metastatic workup and detection of residual/ recurrent disease. Arteriography and endovascular image-guided interventions are useful to delineate supply of vascular tumors and perform preoperative embolization. A systematic evidence-based approach to a possible case of sinonasal tumor can go a long way in streamlining the detection and management of these tumors, while optimizing the use of available healthcare resources.
Immigration policy congruence and political trust: a cross-national analysis among 23 European countries
Authors: Simon Stephan
Published: March 2023

This study examines how immigration policy impacts citizens’ trust in politicians and political institutions. The article argues that immigration policy affects political trust through policy congruence. More specifically, it claims that the level of restrictiveness of immigration policy impacts political trust heterogeneously, conditional on whether citizens are anti- or pro-immigration and additionally on how strongly citizens are seeking information about political issues, the latter making it potentially easier for them to identify policy (in-)congruencies. Combining country-level data on immigration policy outputs in European countries with individual-level data to complex multilevel models, the findings reveal that the level of congruence of immigration policy to citizens’ immigration preferences alone does not impact political trust. But they show that immigration policy impacts the political trust of citizens who are highly anti-immigration and at the same time very strongly seeking political information. Overall, however, the article concludes that the impact of immigration policy congruence on political trust is moderate at best.
A simple in situ method for optimizing settings for the Einzel lens elements in a focused ion beam
Authors: Swinford Rich , Sánchez Erik
Published: March 2023

Ion beams have had an incredible impact on research in the past couple of decades. One major reason for this is the continued development of systems having optimal beam currents that allows one to image more clearly at different spot sizes to include higher currents that allow for faster milling. The advancements for Focused ion beam (FIB) columns have developed rapidly due to the computational optimization of lens designs. However, once a system has been produced, the optimal column settings for these lenses may change or simply become obscure. Our work involves regaining this optimization with the newly applied values through a new algorithm, requiring hours, rather than the days or weeks that existing methods require. FIB columns frequently utilize electrostatic lens elements (normally two, condenser and objective). This work presents a method to quickly determine the optimal lens 1 (L1) values for large beam currents (∼1 nA or greater), from a carefully acquired set of images without any detailed knowledge of the column geometry. Each set of images, acquired through a voltage sweep of the objective lens (L2) for a preset L1, is partitioned for its spectral content. The sharpest position at each spectral level is used to assess how close the preset L1 is to the optimal. This procedure is conducted for a range of L1 values, the optimal being the one having the smallest range in spectral sharpness. For a system that has suitable automation in place, the time to optimize L1 for a given beam energy and aperture diameter is ∼1.5 h or less. In addition to the technique for finding optimal condenser and objective lens parameters, an alternative peak determination method is presented.
A beamline for ultrafast extreme ultraviolet magneto-optical spectroscopy in reflection near the shot noise limit
Authors: Johnsen Peter C. , Ryan Sinéad A. , Gentry Christian , Grafov Anya , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret
Published: March 2023

High harmonic generation (HHG) makes it possible to measure spin and charge dynamics in materials on femtosecond to attosecond timescales. However, the extreme nonlinear nature of the high harmonic process means that intensity fluctuations can limit measurement sensitivity. Here we present a noise-canceled, tabletop high harmonic beamline for time-resolved reflection mode spectroscopy of magnetic materials. We use a reference spectrometer to independently normalize the intensity fluctuations of each harmonic order and eliminate long term drift, allowing us to make spectroscopic measurements near the shot noise limit. These improvements allow us to significantly reduce the integration time required for high signal-to-noise (SNR) measurements of element-specific spin dynamics. Looking forward, improvements in the HHG flux, optical coatings, and grating design can further reduce the acquisition time for high SNR measurements by 1–2 orders of magnitude, enabling dramatically improved sensitivity to spin, charge, and phonon dynamics in magnetic materials.
Deformable moisture-activated all-solid-state planar microsupercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Hao , Li Ji-Chao , Han Xing-Chen , Han Dong-Dong , Yan Xiao-Jing , Liu Shao-Long , Zhang Li-Han , Liu Yu-Qing , Zhang Yong-Lai
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in developing soft electronic devices have increased the demand for deformable storage devices. However, the fabrication of microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with satisfactory electrochemical performance and mechanical robustness remains a crucial challenge. In this work, deformable moisture-activated all-solid-state planar MSCs were designed and fabricated by an in situ laser reduction technology. The planar MSC shows a high areal-specific capacitance (∼4.7 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1) under high moisture (RH = 100%). Moreover, the tensile strength of the deformable planar MSC increased to 21 MPa. Moreover, the mechanical robustness of the planar MSC allows them to be folded into origami. The deformable moisture-activated all-solid-state planar MSC holds promises for soft storage devices.
Simulation and analysis of the temperature change affected by the material and shape of MEMS transducer
Authors: Li Hui , Luo Jianjun , Ren Wei , Feng Chunyang , Chang Yingke , Li Jiao
Published: March 2023

MEMS electric energy utilization rate is the key parameter affecting firing performance. It has important relationship with its preparation technology, microscale and structure morphology. In order to improve the theory of energy exchange element design for MEMS pyrotechnics, reduce the design error of transducer parameters at microscale. To ensure the performance of MEMS pyrotechnics, in this paper, the influence of the central line of the thin film transducer element on the electrothermal conversion is simulated and analyzed. The electrothermal conversion and temperature characterization of different central lines in the transducer bridge area are calculated by the finite element method. The influence of the central line on the thermal efficiency under microscale is revealed. The corresponding data are obtained.
Implementation of SNS thermometers into molecular devices for cryogenic thermoelectric experiments
Authors: Volosheniuk Serhii , Bouwmeester Damian , Hsu Chunwei , van der Zant H. S. J. , Gehring Pascal
Published: March 2023

Thermocurrent flowing through a single-molecule device contains valuable information about the quantum properties of the molecular structure and, in particular, on its electronic and phononic excitation spectra and entropy. Furthermore, accessing the thermoelectric heat-to-charge conversion efficiency experimentally can help to select suitable molecules for future energy conversion devices, which—predicted by theoretical studies—could reach unprecedented efficiencies. However, one of the major challenges in quantifying thermocurrents in nanoscale devices is to determine the exact temperature bias applied to the junction. In this work, we have incorporated a superconductor–normal metal–superconductor Josephson junction thermometer into a single-molecule device. The critical current of the Josephson junction depends accurately on minute changes in the electronic temperature in a wide temperature range from 100 mK to 1.6 K. Thus, we present a device architecture which can enable thermoelectric experiments on single molecules down to millikelvin temperatures with high precision.
Universal model for electron thermal-field emission from two-dimensional semimetals
Authors: Ang L. K. , Ang Yee Sin , Lee Ching Hua
Published: March 2023

We present the theory of out-of-plane (or vertical) electron thermal-field emission from two-dimensional (2D) semimetals. We show that the current–voltage–temperature characteristic is well captured by a universal scaling relation applicable for broad classes of 2D semimetals, including graphene and its few-layer, nodal point semimetal, Dirac semimetal at the verge of topological phase transition, and nodal line semimetal. Here, an important consequence of the universal emission behavior is revealed: In contrast to the common expectation that band topology shall manifest differently in the physical observables, band topologies in two spatial dimension are indistinguishable from each other and bear no special signature in electron emission characteristics. Our findings represent the quantum extension of the universal semiclassical thermionic emission scaling law in 2D materials and provide theoretical foundations for the understanding of electron emission from cathode and charge interface transport for the design of 2D-material-based vacuum nanoelectronics.