bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaciones de la dopamina, prolactina y bromocriptina en oligo-amenorrea-galactorrea, asociada con hiperprolactinemia
Authors: Del Corral Femando , Botero Tejada Augusto , Salcedo J. Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

Se presenta un estudio llevado a cabo con cuarenta pacientes que padecían de Oligo y/o amenorrea. A todas se les practicó examen clínico completo radiológico (silla turca) y hormonal (FSH,LH y Prolactina). Diez casos presentaban oligo-amenorrea anovulatoria y treinta amenorrea por un periodo mayor de noventa días. La galactorrea concomitante se valoró de acuerdo con su intensidad siguiendo el criterio de Tolis y col. Se les administró a las pacientes una dosis baja y contínua de 1.25 a 2.5 mg de alfa-bromo-argocriptina (Parlo- del .R.) sin exceder de los 5 mgrs en una sola toma y administrada en la noche a una misma hora, por más de diez días consecutivos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: Control de galactorrea en un 65% de los casos que anteriomente la presentaban. Los niveles de Prolactina pasaron de hiperprolactinemia severa en 21 casos (63.7%) antes de la medicación a niveles inferiores a los normales en 24 pacientes después de la medicación y en uno solamente los niveles persistieron altos (más de 50 ng/ml). Observose además, que en pacientes con hiperprolactinemia los niveles de FSH y LH se encontraban bajos. En cuanto a la oligo-amenorrea la mayor parte de las pacientes (70%) regularizaron o reanudaron sangrados menstruales, incluyendo aquellas con amenorrea de larga data, en las cuales sin embargo persistieron ciclos anovulatorios.
Determinación del incremento de la densidad óptica a 450nm por fórmula matemática
Authors: Pacheco Consuegra Carlos
Published: June 2020

Se realiza la deducción de una fórmula matemática para lograr encontrar el incremento que sufre la densidad óptica a 450nm en el estudio de los niveles de bilirrubinas en el líquido amniótico.Se utilizó un método geométrico sencillo para dicha deducción obteniendo una fórmula exponencial de fácil utilización con el uso de calculadoras sencillas que proliferan en el mercado y se hace claridad en la interpretación de valores negativos obtenidos en algunos casos por este método.
Nuevas técnicas de docencia
Authors: Aparicio laserna Arturo
Published: June 2020

Firmemente convencido de los acelerados adelantos de la ciencia médica, del desarrollo constante de nuevas teorías y de la evolución permanente de las técnicas quirúrgicas, el médico en general y en especial el recién egresado, deben buscar en las revistas de información médica la manera de actualizar sus conocimientos.
Resúmenes de literatura nacional
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Manejo hospitalario del aborto incompleto estudio comparativo del "curetaje" uterino versus la aspiracion por vacio Gloria Higuera, Germán Riaño Gamboa, Marco Aurelio Hernández y Guillermo LópezNomograma de la dilatacion cervical durante el parto Alvaro Velasco, Fabio Reyes, Arturo Franco y Carlos Velasco Estudios de la personalidad en un grupo de pacientes de alto riesgo obstetrico Patricia de Kausel y Alfonso Jubiz "85 casos de esterilidad - análisis de su manejo y tratamiento" Luis Felipe Milanés, Luis Antonio Ianini y Jaime Pedraza "Progesterona plasmática en la consulta de esterilidad" William Onatra y Carlos Tafurt
Una evaluación de la esterilización por lamparoscopia consecutiva al aborto incompleto
Authors: Guzmán Serani René , Kantor Rhona D. , Mandujano Leonardo , Martínez Carlos , Haussmann Norma
Published: June 2020

Durante los últimos años, varios estudios han demostrado que la morbilidad y la mortalidad asociados con la esterilización tubaria concurrente con el aborto inducido no son más altas que las encontradas en esterilizaciones efectuadas en ausencia de embarazo. Desde marzo de 1975 hasta mayo de 1977 fueron esterilizadas 341 mujeres porsu voluntad mediante laparoscopia, en el Instituto de Obstetricia y Ginecología de la Universidad Austral de Chile. De ellas, 99 (29.0%), fueron esterilizadas inmediatamente después del legrado uterino realizado como tratamiento de un aborto inevitable o incompleto. Las otras 242 mujeres fueron esterilizadas durante su periodo de intervalo (a lo menos seis semanas después del último parto o aborto). Una perforación simple y única de la pared abdominal con el laparoscopiofue el procedimiento planeado para la esterilización de todas las mujeres pertenecientes a este estudio e igualmente para todas ellas la oclusión tubaria se hizo mediante electrocoagulación y sección de ambas trompas.Los resultados mostraron que en dos casos por fallas técnicas no puedieron ser esterilizadas por laparoscopio debido a abesidad en uno, habiendo necesidad de laparotomía. Estos dos casos fueron excluídos del análisis posteriormente por variar procedimiento. El porcentaje de complicaciones fue el doble más alto en el grupo de intervalo (14.2 %). La complicación más frecuente en ambos grupos sangrado de trompas lo cual fue controlado por electrocoagulación.
Causas del retardo en el crecimiento fetal intrauterino.
Authors: Pupkins Marcos
Published: June 2020

Posiblemente ésta ha sido la cáusa para que muchos médicos dejen de reconocer problemas muy especiales ligados a la dismaturidad presente en cualquier periodo del embarazo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Academia Americana de Pediatría, han aprobado el término "niño de peso bajo al nacer" refiriéndose al juzgamiento clínico e histórico de madurez fetal.
La tiroides y su influencia sobre la función gonadal
Authors: Sánchez Escobar Fabio
Published: June 2020

Se hace una actualización sobre el tema de tiroides y su influencia sobre la función gonadal.Desde los estudios de embriología, histología y anatomía, hasta el de fisiología endocrina del tiroides, todos son llevados a cabo en forma compendiada y ordenada, insistiendo en la síntesis química y la secreción de las hormonas tiroideas, el metabolismo del yodo inorgánico y la proteólisis de la tiroglobulina. El transporte y el metabolismo de las hormonas tiroideas al igual que el del yodo y sus mecanismos de acción hormonal, así́ como el papel de la hormona tiroidea sobre toda la función hormonal, ocupa gran parte del estudio. Por ultimo, una sinopsis clínica sobre hiper e hipotiroidismo complementa el trabajo llevado a cabo.
Enfermedad troflobastica estudio de 30 casos
Authors: Isaza Sánchez Guillermo
Published: June 2020

Se estudian 30 casos de enfermedad trofoblástica que se presentaron en un lapso de ocho años en el departamento de obstetricia y ginecología del Hospital Universitario "Lorencita Villegas de Santos" de Bogotá.La clasificación anatomopatológica adoptada siguió los criterios de Herting y Mansell. Veinte casos correspondieron a Mola Grado I; 8 al Grado II; 1 al Grado III y 1 caso de Coriocarcinoma. La frecuencia observada es la más baja en el país con un 1 x 948 casos en molas y 1 x 27.499 en coriocarcinoma. La edad de las pacientes fue entre 21 y 30 años. La mayoría de casos fue hallada en primigestantes. La hemorragia fue el signo que se presentó con mayor frecuencia. La toxemia se observó en 6 casos. El signo de desproporción entre la edad de embarazo y la altura uterina fue paradojal (40%). La conducta en la mayoría de los casos (73%) fue el legrado uterino con raspado diagnóstico a los ocho días siguientes. Como tratamiento complementario se usó el metrotexate en 7 casos. Veinticuatro casos fueron seguidos por más de un año; entre ellos nueve embarazos (uno el caso de coriocarcinoma) y un aborto espontáneo fueron atendidos en el Servicio. No se presentaron casos de malignización en molas, ni muertes en pacientes que sufrieran la enfermedad trofoblástica.
Receptores de estrógeno y de progesterona en el tratamiento del cáncer mamario
Authors: Pinilla Galvis Elmer
Published: June 2020

Se hace una revisión de conjunto sobre receptores de estrógenos y de progesterona en el tratamiento del cáncer mamario. Se hace una explicación sobre la naturaleza de las células que actuan como "blancos" de acción hormonal; sobre la cantidad de estrógenos que pude unirse a una proteína receptora; la forma como actuan tales uniones; los diferentes receptores para diferentes hormonas con la misma célula los diferentes receptores para igual hormona en la misma célula variaciones de niveles del receptor; calificación de positivdad o negatividad. Igualmente se plantea el caso de los receptores de progesterona y se hace un enfoque práctico sobre tratamiento del cáncer mamario en función del estudio de dichos receptores hormonales.
Editorial
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Con la cita anterior como encabezamiento, queremos hacernos voceros de la más sentida manifestación de pesar que el gremio médico pueda expresar por la lamentable desaparición de dos grandes "Maestros" de nuestra especialidad en el país.
Sección Informativa
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federacion Colombiana
Published: June 2020

XIII Congreso colombiano de Obstetricia y Ginecología.IX Congreso mundial de Ginecología y Oobstetricia.
Relación entre el peso y la talla de madres y recién nacidos de alto riesgo obstétrico
Authors: Awad Z. Eva , Jubiz H. Alfonso
Published: June 2020

Se analizaron el peso y la talla de 217 embarazadas de alto riesgo que con su Itaron al Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología durante el primer semestre del presente año. El peso promedio de las madres fue de 62 kilos 500 gramos y el de los recién nacidos de 3.100 gramos. La D.S. del peso materno fue de 10.30 kilos y la de los niños de 396.15 gramos. Al analizar el coeficiente de correlación (r= 0.3368) se encontró positivo entre el peso de la madre y el del recién nacido p,l 0.001, por lo tanto, es de esperar, que entre más pese la madre mayor será el peso del niño.En el análisis de la talla materna se encontró que el promedio fue de 152 centímetros y el de los re cién nacidos de 48.22. La D.S. de la talla de las embarazadas fue de 5.71 y de 2.16 centímetros para los niños . No se encontró ninguna correlación entre estos datos.
Między obowiązkiem pamięci a jej zdradą. Analiza rozważań Avishaia Margalita i Paula Ricoeura
Authors: Jezierska Justyna
Published: June 2020

Zarówno Avishai Margalit, jak i Paul Ricoeur są autorami niezwykle ważnych w badaniach pamięciologicznych monografii dotyczących pamięci. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie trzech płaszczyzn, które strukturyzują koncepcje pamięci u Margalita i Ricoeura. Obaj autorzy podejmują się szeroko zakrojonych rozważań nad pamięcią — indywidualną, zbiorową, nad narracjami dotyczącymi czasu. W efekcie ich badania prowadzą do pewnych przesunięć w rozumieniu tych pojęć — pamięć jest nie tylko zjawiskiem, lecz także pewnym zobowiązaniem etycznym, można ją zatem opisać również w języku etyki filozoficznej. Jest to pierwsza z trzech płaszczyzn, stanowiąca fundament pod konstrukcję obu monografii. Drugą jest język religijny, po który sięgają obaj myśliciele, żeby odnieść się do nieodłącznego kontekstu pamięci — zapominania i wybaczania. Trzecia stanowi zbiór odniesień do państwa i innych instytucji, które mają istotny wpływ na pamięć i sposoby jej kształtowania.
Zmagania Europy Środkowej z pamięcią a koncepcje przyzwoitego społeczeństwa i etyki pamięci Avishaia Margalita
Authors: Cyuńczyk Filip
Published: June 2020

Głównym zadaniem niniejszego tekstu jest identyfikacja i prezentacja potencjału kategorii filozoficznych Margalita dla środkowoeuropejskich badań nad rolą społecznych pamięci zbiorowych, a także w celu określenia znaczenia tych pamięci w procesach konstytuowania wspólnot politycznych po 1989 roku. Zarówno „przyzwoite społeczeństwo”, jak i „etyka pamięci” mogą stanowić wartość dodaną dotychczasowych rozważań na ten temat. Dlatego też zostaną one zestawione ze

stanem badań nad prawną petryfikacją społecznych pamięci zbiorowych przez poszczególne środkowoeuropejskie czynniki polityczne. Podjęcie tych zagadnień pozwoli zidentyfikować obszary, które mogłyby zostać wzbogacone przez filozofię Margalita.
Świadek moralny
Authors: Margalit Avishai , Liszka Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

przekład
A research on rejuvenation pruning of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.)
Authors: KARA Nimet , ERBAŞ Sabri , BAYDAR Hasan
Published: June 2020

Objective: The main purpose of the research was investigate whether to be renewed or not without the need for re-planting by rejuvenation pruning to the aged plantations of lavandin. In the study was also compare effects on fresh stem, dry stem flower and dried flower yield and essential oil content of the Super A lavandin cultivar of pruning methods (semi-pruning and full pruning) in three different seasons (March/Spring, August/Summer and December/Autumn).
Material and Methods: The experiment was arranged according to a randomized block design with factorial treatments with three replications using 10-year-old Super-A lavandin cultivar (Lavandula x intermedia var. Super A) between 2014 and 2017 in Isparta-a city in the south-western part of Turkey.
Results: Pruning season, pruning method and pruning season x pruning method interaction (except for the essential oil content of dried flower) were found to be significant according to the analysis of variance. The highest values in terms of fresh stem, dry stem and dried flower yield were obtained as semi pruning (8936 kg ha-1, 4763 kg ha-1 and 1931 kg ha-1, respectively) in March. The highest essential oil content (2.66%) fresh stem flower was determined to semi-pruning in August, while the highest volatile oil content (5.07%) was obtained in dried flower to full pruning in December. Generally, control (non-pruned) plants showed the lowest values in terms of the characteristics examined.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the research showed that the aging plantations can be renewed without re-planting by rejuvenation pruning in lavandin.
Electrical Cardioversion of Supraventricular Arryhthmia Patient with Septic Shock
Authors: Pramitha Ayu
Published: June 2020

Supraventricular arrythmia (SVA) is a very common cardiac rhythm problem experienced by patients in intensive care unit (ICU), which both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment could treat. Recently, electrical cardioversion has been proven in improving haemodynamic and functional status. We report a case of 59 years old female patient with VA and septic shock with unstable haemodynamic that was immediately improved after electrical cardioversion. The electrical cardioversion (preferably biphasic) is identified in the patient with an absence of oppositions and is more suitable in combination with antiarrhythmic agent.
A Middle-aged Woman Suffering Buerger’s Disease
Authors: Aminuddin M. , Caroline Devie
Published: June 2020

A 48 years old woman complains of numbness on her fingers and toes. Her 4th and the 5th right fingertips were painful and then blackened. She had no diabetes and hypertension history. She didn’t smoke, but her husband and son were smokers. On local examination there were necrotic gangrenes on the 4th and the 5th fingertips of the right hand. Laboratory examination results (including immunology marker) were within normal limit. Doppler ultrasound and arteriography showed segmental stenosis and partial occlusion of distal arteries on all extremities. We assessed the patient with Buerger’s disease. The managements were oral analgesic and vasodilator medication. Endoscopic thoracal ganglion sympathectomy was performed, followed by amputation of the necrotic fingers. We did not perform a biopsy, so according to all examinations and also by Shionoya and Olin’s criteria, the patient was more likely to suffer from Buerger’s disease than other peripheral occlusive diseases.
PRÁTICAS DE JORNALISMO NOS INTERIORES DA AMAZÔNIA: construções e percursos
Authors: Colferai Sandro Adalberto , Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças , Santi Vilso Junior , Cunha Elaide Martins da
Published: June 2020

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Atmospheric Conditions Affecting the Transmission of Covid-19 Virus
Authors: Shoor Dr. Purva , Kaur Dr Gagan Deep , Chauhan Dr Amanjot Kaur
Published: June 2020

The physical environment plays an important role in the transmission of respiratory infections like Covid-19. To find relevant articles on environmental factors influencing respiratory infection outbreaks, we searched Pub med Central on the following topics: 1. Environmental pollution causing coronavirus fatality- 73 results, relevant 1 article, 2. Environmental factors affecting Covid-19, 149 results from which there were 6 relevant articles, 3. Impact of air pollution on Covid-19 fatality, 10 results, relevant 3 articles, 4. Environmental factors affecting respiratory viruses- 10646 results were obtained, 2 relevant articles. We searched Google scholar on environmental factors affecting Covid-19 transmission and found 7 relevant papers. We excluded the duplicates in each of the key words search. Date of search was on 20th April 2020. All articles included in results were scrutinized and relevance of articles was based on their content that discussed meteorological and physical environment factors in the spread and severity of Covid-19. We have discussed factors like air pollution, smoking, air temperature, humidity and air velocity as contributing factors. If meteorological factors are conducive to spread in a particular area, we need protective measures way before a respiratory infection outbreak occurs. Covid-19 is a lesson learnt the hard way, and we must enable people to practice hygienic practices with limited resources but high level of protection that it provides. Air pollution control can prevent priming of respiratory system which shall further protect from pulmonary infections.
Theory that Predicts and Explains Data about Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, Early Galaxies, and the Cosmos
Authors: Buckholtz Thomas J.
Published: June 2020

We develop and apply new physics theory. The theory suggests specific unfound elementary particles. The theory suggests specific constituents of dark matter. We apply those results. We explain ratios of dark matter amounts to ordinary matter amounts. We suggest details about galaxy formation. We suggest details about inflation. We suggest aspects regarding changes in the rate of expansion of the universe. The theory points to relationships between masses of elementary particles. We show a relationship between the strength of electromagnetism and the strength of gravity. The mathematics basis for matching known and suggesting new elementary particles extends mathematics for harmonic oscillators.
Facial Protection in the Era of COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Authors: Li Dion Tik Shun , Samaranayake Lakshman , Leung Yin Yan , Neelakantan Prasanna
Published: June 2020

We live in extraordinary times, where COVID-19 pandemic has brought the whole world to a screeching halt. Tensions and contradictions that surround the pandemic ridden world include the availability, and the lack thereof, various facial protection measures to mitigate the viral spread. Here, we comprehensively explore the different type of facial protection measures, including masks, needed both for the pubic and the health care workers (HCW). We discuss the anatomy, the critical issues of disinfection and reusability of masks, the alternative equipment available for the protection of the facial region from airborne diseases, such as face shields and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR), and the skin-health impact of prolonged wearing of facial protection by HCW. Clearly, facial protection, either in the form of masks or alternates, appears to have mitigated the pandemic as seen from the minimal COVID-19 spread in countries where public mask wearing is strictly enforced. On the contrary, the healthcare systems, that appear to have been unprepared for emergencies of this nature, should be appropriately geared to handle the imbalance of supply and demand of personal protective equipment including face masks. These are two crucial lessons we can learn from this tragic experience.
Systematics of Calandrinia pilosiuscula DC a.k.a. Calandrinia compressa Schrad. ex DC (Montiaceae–Montioideae)
Authors: Hershkovitz Mark
Published: June 2020

Calandrinia compressa Schrad. ex DC (Prodr. 3: 359. 1828) is the name currently widely applied to a polymorphic annual species of Calandrinia sect. Calandrinia endemic to the Chilean Floristic Region. A total of ten validly published heterotypic names plus six horticultural designations (and orthographic variants thereof) have been considered at some point as taxonomically the same as C. compressa. Two additional heterotypic taxa and their synonyms and two other designations possibly refer to this species. Two other taxa sometimes referred to this species are excluded. I treat here a total of 77 distinct nomenclaturally valid names and invalid designations and variants thereof. The type of one of the valid and legitimate names, Calandrinia pilosiuscula DC (Rev. Portulac. 9. 1827), is judged here to be taxonomically the same as the type of C. compressa. Because of its chronological priority, Calandrinia pilosiuscula DC must be accepted as the correct name for Calandrinia compressa Schrad. ex DC when the two are considered taxonomic synonyms. Here, the taxonomic history of this taxon is articulated and, where possible, types are identified and/or designated. The natural and anthropogenic history of the species is summarized critically in a theoretical context.
Multiple Chemotherapy-Based Combination Therapy Strategies for Advanced Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiong Lecai , Bai Yuquan , Zhou Xuefeng , Xu Ming , Pan Gaofeng , Zhao Jinping , Tang Hexiao
Published: June 2020

Background: At present, the treatments for patients with advanced lung cancer focus on chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of multiple treatments. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to compare the various chemotherapy-based combination therapies and find the best one for patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods: Based on database (PubMed, EMBASE and Medline) for randomized controlled trials of advanced lung cancer with combination therapy from 2008 to 2020, we searched literatures with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse as outcome indicators and established a Bayesian mesh meta-analysis for multiple treatment strategies. Then, we combined the results of four outcome indicators to find out the best chemotherapy-based combination therapy strategy for patients with advanced lung cancer, further, we tried to screen out the best drugs of which were commonly used now. Results: It contained a total of 51 studies, including five combination therapies: Chemotherapy/Chemotherapy plus placebo (CT), chemotherapy plus one targeted therapy drug (CT+T), chemotherapy plus two targeted therapy drugs (CT+T+T), chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (CT+I) or chemotherapy combined with biotherapy (CT+B). In terms of four outcome indicators, CT+I showed the best therapeutic benefits. In the comparison of immunotherapy drugs, pembrolizumab showed the best effect. Conclusion: Our results showed that, among the multiple chemotherapy-based combination therapy strategies, chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is the best choice for patients with advanced lung cancer, and pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy has the best effect.
Stability Analysis and Semi-analytic Solution to a SEIR-SEI Malaria Transmission Model Using HE’s Variational Iteration Method
Authors: Akinfe Kingsley Timilehin , Loyinmi Adedapo Chris
Published: June 2020

We have considered a SEIR-SEI Vector-host mathematical model which captures malaria transmission dynamics, described and built on 7-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We compute the basic reproduction number of the model; examine the positivity and boundedness of the model compartments in a region using well established methods viz: Cauchy’s differential theorem, Birkhoff & Rota’s theorem which verifies and reveals the well-posedness, and carrying capacity of the model respectively, the existence of the Disease-Free (DFE) and Endemic (EDE) equilibrium points were determined and examined. Using the Gaussian elimination method and the Routh-hurwitz criterion, we convey stability analyses at DFE and EDE points which indicates that the DFE (malaria-free) and the EDE (epidemic outbreak) point occurs when the basic reproduction number is less than unity (one) and greater than unity (one) respectively. We obtain a solution to the model using the Variational iteration method (VIM) (an unprecedented method) to each population compartments and verify the efficacy, reliability and validity of the proposed method by comparing the respective solutions via tables and combined plots with the computer in-built Runge-kutta-Felhberg of fourth-fifths order (RKF-45). We illustrate the combined plot profiles of each compartment in the model, showing the dynamic behavior of these compartments; then we speculate that VIM is efficient and capable to conduct analysis on Malaria models and other epidemiological models.
Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine Accelerate Recovery of Outpatients with Mild/Moderate COVID-19
Authors: Guérin Violaine , Lévy Pierre , Thomas Jean-Louis , Lardenois Thierry , Lacrosse Philippe , Sarrazin Emmanuel , Regensberg de Andreis Natacha , Wonner Martine
Published: June 2020

The challenge regarding COVID-19 is to prevent complications and fatal evolution. Azithromycin (AZM) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have proven their antiviral effect in vitro. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of AZM alone or combined to HCQ, prescribed, at an early stage, in patients with Covid-19, in a primary care setting. Eighty-eight patients received either no or a symptomatic treatment (NST) (n=34) or AZM alone (n=34) or AZM+HCQ (n=20). The efficacy end point was the time to clinical recovery and the safety end point was the occurrence of cardiovascular events. The mean (SD) times to achieve clinical recovery were respectively 25.8 days (11.1), 12.9 days (13.4) and 9.2 days (9.3), showing a statistically significant difference between NST and AZM alone (p<0.0001) or AZM+HCQ (p<0.0001). To improve the evidence level, a case-control analysis was performed on a sample of 57 patients (19/group) matched for age, sex and BMI. The statistical difference between NST and AZM was confirmed (p=0.0149) as well as the difference with AZM+HCQ (p=0.0002). No cardiac toxicity was recorded in any patient. No statistical difference was shown between AZM and AZM+HCQ groups, although the dual therapy tended to be more effective in patients over 50 years, based on an analysis using the cox model. In conclusion, AZM and AZM+HCQ favourably impacted the course of the disease. We need trials, ideally prospective/double blind, to show if a statistical difference can be evidenced with a broader group, and clarify the indications of each treatment depending on initial clinical presentation.
Incubation Period in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Literature Review
Authors: Poudel Ishan , Sah Swarnakar Ankur
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is considered to be first reported from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of present, there are over 3.7 million identified cases worldwide and more than 259,000 deaths have been reported. This disease, its incubation period, course, complications, and the basis of spread remains a potential question due to variation in the pattern of spread around the globe and relatively fewer number of large-scale studies at present. This literature review aims to study the available data on its spread and incubation period. A literature search using PubMed with regular keywords ‘coronavirus’ and ‘COVID-19’, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search for their etiology and pathogenicity was done with the search builder. The literature search revealed 26,689 studies among which 14 studies were selected for review. Studies were selected after the application of inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria with the removal of duplicates, and careful review for the outcome of interest ‘incubation period’. Among the 14 studies selected for review, there were eight review articles, five case reports, and one comparative study. The current literature review concludes that the mean incubation period for most of the literature falls between five days to 12 days with minimum reported time from known exposure to the onset of a symptom being one day and the maximum reported time from exposure to the onset of a symptom being 18 days.
Understanding the Spread of COVID-19 in Japan: Preliminary Results from a System Dynamics Model
Authors: Uehara Takuro
Published: June 2020

This study developed a system dynamics model to understand the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan. The model is built on the generic SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered) framework adopted by Ghaffarzadegan and Rahmandad (2020) to build a system dynamics model for the spread of COVID-19 in Iran. Japan seems to be successful in containing the spread compared with other countries, and its first peak has passed. However, because this also leaves a large population still susceptible to the virus, it could cause a second and potentially higher peak of infection after the state of emergency aimed at reducing contact rate is lifted. As the government has proposed the “New Lifestyle,” it is critical to behave cautiously so as not to be infected. While the model focuses on the SEIR structure, the reflection of other sub-structures such as economy and hospital capacity that have tradeoffs with reducing contact rate should be beneficial. However, before extending the model, it is also critical to conduct estimates using confidence intervals rather than point estimates to better reflect uncertainties.
Non-coronavirus Genome Sequences Identified from Metagenomic Analysis of Clinical Samples from COVID-19 Infected Patients: An Evidence for Co-infection
Authors: Abouelkhair Mohamed
Published: June 2020

In December 2019, pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Early in 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a new name for the 2019-nCoV-caused epidemic disease: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared COVID-19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. Cellular co-infection is a critical determinant of both viral fitness and infection outcome and plays a crucial role in shaping the host immune response to infections. In this study, sixty-eight public next-generation sequencing libraries from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database using SRA-Toolkit. Using an alignment-free method based on K-mer mapping and extension, SARS-CoV-2 was identified in all except three patients. Influenza A H7N9 (3/68), Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (1/68), Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus isolate (3/68), Human metapneumovirus (1/68), coronaviruses NL63 (1/68), Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (1/68), Indian cassava mosaic virus (1/68), Parvovirus (1/68), Simian virus 40 (1/68), Woodchuck hepatitis virus (1/68), Saccharomyces 20S RNA narnavirus (2/68), and Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (2/68) genome sequences were detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
Mid-infrared Laser Spectroscopy Detection and Quantification of Explosives in Soils Using Multivariate Analysis and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pacheco-Londoño Leonardo C. , Warren Eric , Galan-Freyle Nataly J. , Villarreal-Gonzalez Reynaldo , Aparicio-Bolaño Joaquin A. , Ospina-Castro Maria L. , Shih Wei-Chuan , Hernandez-Rivera Samuel P.
Published: June 2020

A tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectrometer was used to develop methods for detecting and quantifying high explosives (HE) in soil based on multivariate analysis (MVA) and artificial intelligence (AI). For quantification, mixes of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) with concentrations from 0% to 20% w/w were investigated using three types of soils: bentonite, synthetic soil, and natural soil. A Partial least squares regression model was generated for predicting 2,4-DNT concentrations. To increase its selectivity, the model was trained and evaluated using additional analytes as interferences, including other HEs such as PETN, RDX, and TNT and non-explosives such as benzoic acid and ibuprofen. For detection, mixes of different explosives in soils were used to implement two AI strategies. In the first strategy, the spectra of the samples were compared with those of soils recorded in a database to identify the most similar soils based on QCL spectroscopy. Next, a Classical Least Squares preprocessing (Pre-CLS) was applied to soils spectra selected from the database. The parameter obtained based on the sum of the weights of Pre-CLS was then used to generate a simple binary discrimination model for distinguishing between contaminated and uncontaminated soils, achieving an accuracy of 0.877. In the second AI strategy, the same parameter was added to a principal component matrix obtained from spectral data of samples and used to generate multi-classification models based on different machine learning algorithms. A Random Forest model worked best with 0.997 accuracy and allowing to distinguish between soils contaminated with DNT, TNT, or RDX and uncontaminated soils.
Plant-Dominant Low-Protein Diet for Conservative Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Joshi Shivam , Schlueter Rebecca , Cooke Joanne L. , Brown-Tortorici Amanda , Donnelly Meghan , Schulman Sherry , Lau Wei Ling , Rhee Connie M. , Streja Elani , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Ferrey Antoney  J. , Hanna Ramy S. , Chen Joline L. , Malik Shaista , Nguyen Danh  V. , Crowley Susan T. , Kovesdy Csaba P.
Published: June 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects >10% of the adult population. Each year approximately 120,000 Americans develop end-stage kideny disease and initiate dialysis, which is costly and associated with functional impairments, worse health-related quality of life, and high early-mortality rates exceeding 20% in the first year. Recent declarations by the World Kidney Day and the U.S. Government Executive Order seek to implement strategies that reduce the burden of kidney failure by slowing CKD progression and controlling uremia without dialysis. Pragmatic dietary interventions may have a role in improving CKD outcomes and preventing or delaying dialysis initiation. Evidence suggests that a patient-centered plant-dominant low-protein diet (PLADO) of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day comprised of >50% plant-based sources, administered by dietitians trained in non-dialysis CKD care, can be promising. The scientific premise of the PLADO is based on the observations that high protein diets with high meat intake are not only associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk but also higher CKD incidence and faster CKD progression due to increased intraglomerular pressure and glomerular hyperfiltration. Meat intake increases production of nitrogenous end-products, worsens uremia, and may increase the risk of hyperkalemia, given constipation from the typical low fiber intake. Plant-dominant, fiber-rich, low-protein diet may lead to favorable alterations in the gut microbiome, which can modulate uremic toxin generation and slow CKD progression, along with reducing cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. PLADO is a heart-healthy, safe, flexible, and feasible diet that could be the centerpiece of a conservative and preservative CKD-management strategy that challenges the prevailing dialysis-centered paradigm.
Vibration Diagnosis of Sand Units in Stone Crusher Plant On-site Field Test
Authors: Kim Seong Hwan , Kim Bo-Kyu , Jung Dong-Soo , Choi Seung-Bok , Lee Jong-Mu , Lee Kyu-Bong
Published: June 2020

Due to limitation of natural sand from rivers and seas, artificial sand production from large stones or rocks is being increased. However, this sand manufacturing process is dangerous and causes several social problems such as high level of unwanted vibrations or noises. This study investigates vibration characteristics of sand and screen units in artificial sand production plant whose actuating operation is multiple with several different exciting frequencies. As a first step, vibration levels are measured at the sand and screen unit positions using accelerometers in time and frequency domains. The measurement is carried out at two different conditions: activating sand unit only and operating entire facilities such as stone crusher. Vibration signals acquired from several locations of the sand and screen units of the plant are collected and analyzed from waveforms and spectrums of the signals. It is identified that the vibration acceleration level of the screen unit is higher than that of the sand unit. In addition, it is found from the acceleration signals measured at plant office and shipping control center those places are far away from the plant location that the beating phenomenon is occurred by close driving frequencies for several sand units. In this work, the vibration caused from the beating is significantly reduced by adjusting the driving frequencies for the sand units so that they are sufficiently scattered to avoid the beating.
The Impact on Children's Mental Health of School Closures to Prevent the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Ishimoto Yuma , Yamane Takahiro , Matsumoto Yuki , Kobayashi Katsutoshi
Published: June 2020

In Japan, schools were suddenly closed all over the country with one month left at the end of the school year to prevent the spread of new coronavirus infections. Although previous studies have shown that quarantine and isolation have a negative impact on mental health, the impact of school closure on children's mental health is not clear. This study examined mental health indicators, such as emotional symptoms, in addition to behavior during school closure and anxiety after school resumes, among children in three primary schools for which survey data existed in December before school closure. No cases of infection have been confirmed in the area where the school was located at the time of the survey. As a result, anxiety about whether they would be able to return to their normal routine after school resumed was associated with mental health. In addition, there was a worsening of emotional symptoms in those who were in medium group of school adjustment as of December.
The Hype and Disruptive Technologies of Industry 4.0 in Major Industrial Sectors: A State of the Art
Authors: Bongomin Ocident , Yemane Aregawi , Kembabazi Brendah , Malanda Clement , Chikonkolo Mwape Mwewa , Sheron Mpofu Nonsikelelo , Tigalana Dan
Published: June 2020

Very well into the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0), we hardly distinguish between what is artificial and what is natural (e.g. man-made virus and natural virus). Thus, the level of discombobulation among people, companies or countries is indeed unprecedented. The fact that industry 4.0 is explosively disrupting or retrofitting each and every industrial sector, makes industry 4.0 the famous buzzword amongst researchers today. However, the insight of industry 4.0 disruption in the industrial sectors remains ill-defined in both academic and non-academic literature. The present study aimed at identifying industry 4.0 neologisms, understanding the industry 4.0 disruption and illustrating the disruptive technologies convergence in the major industrial sectors. A total of 99 neologisms of industry 4.0 were identified. Industry 4.0 disruption in Education industry (Education 4.0), Energy industry (Energy 4.0), Agriculture industry (Agriculture 4.0), Healthcare industry (Healthcare 4.0), and Logistics industry (Logistics 4.0) are described. The convergence of 12 disruptive technologies including 3D printing, Artificial intelligence, Augmented reality, Big Data, Blockchain, Cloud computing, Drones, Internet of things, Nanotechnology, Robotics, Simulation and Synthetic biology in agriculture, healthcare and logistics industries are illustrated.
Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Bacteria using Vitek® 2 Compact Method
Authors: Wibisono Freshinta Jellia , Sumiarto Bambang , Untari Tri , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Permatasari Dian Ayu , Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the resistance profile and the nature of multidrug resistance in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) against several classes of antibiotics. Positive isolates of ESBL-producing E.coli were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the VITEK® 2 compact method which then analyzed automatically. The results showed an antibiotic resistance profile against ESBL-producing E.coli showed the highest level of antibiotics in beta lactam, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone at 100%. Subsequent results found a relatively high level of resistance in the antibiotics aztreonam (86.36%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (77.27%), gentamicin (72.73%), and ciprofloxacin (68.18%). Antibiotics from carbapenem groups such as ertapenem and memenem, and antibiotics from the aminoglycosides (amicasin) and tigecycline groups of tetracycline still showed a high sensitivity level of 100%. The most common resistance patterns found in ESBL-producing E.coli isolates are AM/AMP/KZ/CTX/CRO/ATM/GM/CIP as much as 22.73%, and AM/AMP/KZ/CTX/CRO/ATM/GM/CIP/SXT patterns of 18.2%. The results of multi-class antibiotic resistance showed that 86.36% had multidrug resistance. The highest multidrug resistance pattern in ESBL-producing E.coli occurred with a BL/AG/Q/SP pattern of 50%. Other patterns of multidrug resistance in ESBL-producing E.coli that can be found in this study are, the BL/AG/Q/SP pattern is 18.20%, the BL/AG/Q/SP pattern is 13.64%, and the BL/AG/Q pattern is 4.55%. The high profile of resistance and the nature of multidrug resistance in ESBL-producing E.coli has the potential to spread these resistant genes, thus risking the use of antibiotics as a public health therapy and animal health, therefore further evaluation and control are needed.
ELEKTRONİK SİGARA TERCİHİNE ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLERİN POPÜLERLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: TORUN Nur Kuban
Published: June 2020

Dünyada artış göstermekte olan ve gerek bağımlıların gerekse pasif içicilerin sağlığını tehdit eden tütün ve tütün ürünleriyle mücadele amacıyla birçok yöntem geliştirilmektedir. Bu yöntemler kapalı alanlarda sigara içiminin yasaklanması, ambalaj renklerinin değiştirilmesi, reklam ve tanıtımlarının kısıtlanması, 18 yaş altına satışının engellenmesi ve tütün ve tütün ürünlerinin satış fiyatına zam yapılması şeklinde olabilmektedir. Ancak bu yöntemler beraberinde, tüketici olan bağımlılar için, alternatiflere yönelme ve yasaklara karşı kaçış yolları aramayı getirmektedir. Bu alternatiflerden birisi kullanımı dünyada en hızlı yayılan elektronik sigaradır. Ancak çoğu ülkenin ilgili bakanlıklarınca ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından yayınlanan bildiride elektronik sigaranın bilindiğinden daha zararlı bir tehdit olduğundan bahsedilmiştir. Elektronik sigara tercihinde sadece sigaranın yasaklarını ve zamları bertaraf etmek değil; aynı zamanda sigaranın sağlık üzerindeki etkisini hafifletmek ve hatta sigarayı bırakma amacının yattığı düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada elektronik sigara kullanımına etki ettiği düşünülen sağlıklı yaşam, sigara, zamlar gibi faktörler ile elektronik sigaraya olan ilgi arasındaki popülerlik analizi Google Trends aracılığıyla incelenmiştir.
SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA EKİP ÇALIŞMASI TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SAYGILI Meltem , ÖZER Özlem
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, sağlık çalışanlarının ekip çalışmasına ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek ve sağlık çalışanlarının ekip çalışması tutumlarının sosyo-demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde görev yapmakta olan 321 sağlık çalışanı ile anket yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ekip çalışması alt boyutları arasında en yüksek ortalamanın, liderlik (4,25±0,62) alt boyutunda ve en düşük ortalamanın ise karşılıklı destek alt boyutunda (3,38±0,65) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada katılımcıların karşılıklı destek alt boyutundan almış oldukları puanlarının yaşlarına, cinsiyetlerine, eğitim durumuna, görev unvanına ve birimde çalışma süresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların ekip yapısı alt boyutundan almış oldukları puanlarının görev unvanına göre; kurumsal iletişim alt boyutundan almış oldukları puanlarının ise yaşlarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sağlık kurumlarında ekip çalışmasını oluşturan temel bileşenlerin (ekip yapısı, liderlik, durum izleme, karşılıklı destek ve kurumsal iletişim), sağlık çalışanlarının sosyo-demografik özelliklerinden ne düzeyde etkilendiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Sağlık hizmetleri yöneticilerinin sağladığı bireysel, kurumsal ve hastaya yönelik faydaları nedeniyle, ekip çalışmasını destekleyici bir örgüt kültürü oluşturmaları ve meslekler arası ekip çalışmasının önemi konusunda çalışanların farkındalıklarını artırmaları önerilebilir.
YERLEŞİM YERİ KİMLİĞİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TÜKETİM: BURDUR İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: HAMŞIOĞLU Ahmet Buğra
Published: June 2020

Yerleşim yeri duygusu, birey veya grup tarafından düzenlenen mekânsal bir ortam ile sembolik anlamlar, bağlanma ve bir memnuniyet koleksiyonu olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda yerleşim yeri kimliği, fiziksel bir ortamla ilgili olan öz kimliği ifade etmekte ve yerleşim yeri kimliğine olan bağlanma bireyin belirli bir ortama veya çevreye bilişsel ve duygusal bağlantısı olarak da görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Burdur ili merkezinde yaşayan bireylerin bağlılık, geçmişle ile süreklilik, samimiyet algısı, dayanışma, sosyal bağlılığa dayanarak yaşanan il ile ilgili olarak yerleşim yeri kimliği ölçülmüştür. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilen anket yöntemi yardımı 500 kişi ile yüz yüze görüşme ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yerleşim yeri kimliği boyutlarından bağlılık, geçmiş ile süreklilik, samimiyet algısı, dayanışma sosyal bağlılık yerleşim yerine bağlılık üzerinde doğrudan ve pozitif etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, yerleşim yerine bağlılık, sürdürülebilir tüketime karşı tutum ve sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışı üzerinde doğrudan ve pozitif etkili olduğu görülmüş ve son olarak sürdürülebilir tüketime karşı tutum sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışı üzerinde doğrudan ve pozitif etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada, güçlü bir yerleşim yeri kimliğine sahip bireylerin mahallerine bağlı kalmaları olumlu sürdürülebilir tüketim tutum ve davranışını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kısmi en küçük kareler yöntemi ile model testi gerçekleştirilmiş, tüketici davranışı, çevre psikolojisi ve pazarlama yazınından geliştirilen teorik bir model ampirik olarak doğrulanmıştır.