bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Integrated Multi‐Material Fibers for Soft Robotics
Authors: Leber Andreas , Dong Chaoqun , Laperrousaz Stella , Banerjee Hritwick , Abdelaziz Mohamed E. M. K. , Bartolomei Nicola , Schyrr Bastien , Temelkuran Burak , Sorin Fabien
Published: November 2022

Soft robots are envisioned as the next generation of safe biomedical devices in minimally invasive procedures. Yet, the difficulty of processing soft materials currently limits the size, aspect‐ratio, manufacturing throughput, as well as, the design complexity and hence capabilities of soft robots. Multi‐material thermal drawing is introduced as a material and processing platform to create soft robotic fibers imparted with multiple actuations and sensing modalities. Several thermoplastic and elastomeric material options for the fibers are presented, which all exhibit the rheological processing attributes for thermal drawing but varying mechanical properties, resulting in adaptable actuation performance. Moreover, numerous different fiber designs with intricate internal architectures, outer diameters of 700 µm, aspect ratios of 103, and a fabrication at a scale of 10s of meters of length are demonstrated. A modular tendon‐driven mechanism enables 3‐dimensional (3D) motion, and embedded optical guides, electrical wires, and microfluidic channels give rise to multifunctionality. The fibers can perceive and autonomously adapt to their environments, as well as, probe electrical properties, and deliver fluids and mechanical tools to spatially distributed targets.
Depth‐Resolved Localization Microangiography in the NIR‐II Window
Authors: Zhou Quanyu , Nozdriukhin Daniil , Chen Zhenyue , Glandorf Lukas , Hofmann Urs A. T. , Reiss Michael , Tang Lin , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel
Published: November 2022

Detailed characterization of microvascular alterations requires high‐resolution 3D imaging methods capable of providing both morphological and functional information. Existing optical microscopy tools are routinely used for microangiography, yet offer suboptimal trade‐offs between the achievable field of view and spatial resolution with the intense light scattering in biological tissues further limiting the achievable penetration depth. Herein, a new approach for volumetric deep‐tissue microangiography based on stereovision combined with super‐resolution localization imaging is introduced that overcomes the spatial resolution limits imposed by light diffusion and optical diffraction in wide‐field imaging configurations. The method capitalizes on localization and tracking of flowing fluorescent particles in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, ≈1000–1700 nm), with the third (depth) dimension added by triangulation and stereo‐matching of images acquired with two short‐wave infrared cameras operating in a dual‐view mode. The 3D imaging capability enabled with the proposed method facilitates a detailed visualization of microvascular networks and an accurate blood flow quantification. Experiments performed in tissue‐mimicking phantoms demonstrate that high resolution is preserved up to a depth of 4 mm in a turbid medium. Transcranial microangiography of the entire murine cortex and penetrating vessels is further demonstrated at capillary level resolution.
Spontaneous Topological States and Their Mutual Transformations in a Rare‐Earth Ferrimagnet
Authors: Zuo Shulan , Qiao Kaiming , Zhang Ying , Li Zhuolin , Zhao Tongyun , Jiang Chengbao , Shen Baogen
Published: November 2022

Nontrivial chiral spin textures with nanometric sizes and novel characteristics (e.g., magnetic skyrmions) are promising for encoding information bits in future energy‐efficient and high‐density spintronic devices. Because of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, skyrmions in ferrimagnetic materials exhibit many advantages in terms of size and efficient manipulation, which allow them to overcome the limitations of ferromagnetic skyrmions. Despite recent progress, ferrimagnetic skyrmions have been observed only in few films in the presence of external fields, while those in ferrimagnetic bulks remain elusive. This study reports on spontaneously generated zero‐field ground‐state magnetic skyrmions and their subsequent transformation into traditional magnetic bubbles via intermediate states of (bi‐)target bubbles during a magnetic anisotropy change in the rare‐earth ferrimagnetic crystal DyFe11Ti. Spontaneous reversible topological transformation driven by a temperature‐induced spin reorientation transition is directly distinguished using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The spontaneous generation of magnetic skyrmions and successive topological transformations in ferrimagnetic DyFe11Ti are expected to advance the design of topological spin textures with versatile properties and potential applications in rare‐earth magnets.
Low‐Frequency Current Fluctuations in Quasi‐1D (TaSe4)2I Weyl Semimetal Nanoribbons
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Kargar Fariborz , Sesing Nick R. , Barani Zahra , Salguero Tina T. , Yan Dong , Rumyantsev Sergey , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: November 2022

Low‐frequency current fluctuations, i.e., electronic noise, in quasi‐1D (TaSe4)2I Weyl semimetal nanoribbons are discussed. It is found that the noise spectral density is of the 1/f type and scales with the square of the current, SI ~ I2 (f is the frequency). The noise spectral density increases by almost an order of magnitude and develops Lorentzian features near the temperature T ≈ 225 K. These spectral changes are attributed to the charge‐density‐wave phase transition even though the temperature of the noise maximum deviates from the reported Peierls transition temperature in bulk (TaSe4)2I crystals. The noise level, normalized by the channel area, in these Weyl semimetal nanoribbons is surprisingly low, ≈10−9 µm2 Hz−1 at f = 10 Hz, when measured below and above the Peierls transition temperature. The obtained results shed light on the specifics of electron transport in quasi‐1D topological Weyl semimetals and can be important for their proposed applications as downscaled interconnects.
Graph machine learning for design of high‐octane fuels
Authors: Rittig Jan G. , Ritzert Martin , Schweidtmann Artur M. , Winkler Stefanie , Weber Jana M. , Morsch Philipp , Heufer Karl Alexander , Grohe Martin , Mitsos Alexander , Dahmen Manuel
Published: November 2022

Fuels with high‐knock resistance enable modern spark‐ignition engines to achieve high efficiency and thus low CO2 emissions. Identification of molecules with desired autoignition properties indicated by a high research octane number and a high octane sensitivity is therefore of great practical relevance and can be supported by computer‐aided molecular design (CAMD). Recent developments in the field of graph machine learning (graph‐ML) provide novel, promising tools for CAMD. We propose a modular graph‐ML CAMD framework that integrates generative graph‐ML models with graph neural networks and optimization, enabling the design of molecules with desired ignition properties in a continuous molecular space. In particular, we explore the potential of Bayesian optimization and genetic algorithms in combination with generative graph‐ML models. The graph‐ML CAMD framework successfully identifies well‐established high‐octane components. It also suggests new candidates, one of which we experimentally investigate and use to illustrate the need for further autoignition training data.
Flowers that self‐shade reduce heat stress and pollen limitation
Authors: Karban Richard , Rutkowski Danielle , Murray Naomi A.
Published: November 2022

Premise

Plants are facing increased risk of heat stress with global climate change. Reproductive tissues are particularly heat‐sensitive, which can result in lower plant fitness. Floral shading and closure are possible mechanisms to limit heat stress although most previous work on petal orientation has considered adaptations to raise temperatures. We hypothesized that floral shading could reduce temperature and increase reproductive success.

Methods

We measured floral temperatures of four species that exhibited intraspecific variation in flower closure (Opuntia ficus‐indica, Oenothera elata, Convolvulus arvensis, and Romneya coulteri). We also wired newly opened R. coulteri flowers so that they were either permanently open or permanently closed; controls were not wired.

Results

Individual flowers of all four species that shaded their pistils were exposed to temperatures 3–8°C lower than those that remained open and unshaded. In our wiring experiment, unencumbered R. coulteri controls were 40% more likely to produce seeds than flowers that were either permanently open or closed. Without added pollen, control flowers produced 2× more seeds than flowers wired open and 8× more than those wired closed. However, pollen addition eliminated the effects of wiring and increased capsule mass and seed production. This effect of pollen addition suggests that pollen limitation was responsible for observed differences in the wiring treatments. Pollinators may prefer control flowers over those that were wired open or closed; petal shading may make flowers cooler and more attractive to pollinators.

Conclusions

Petal shading may be a behavior that allows flowers to reduce heat stress and increases their chances of pollination and seed set.
SOX3 duplication in a boy with 46,XX ovotesticular disorder of sex development and his 46,XX sister with atypical genitalia: Probable germline mosaicism
Authors: de Oliveira Flávia Marcorin , Barros Beatriz Amstalden , dos Santos Ana Paula , Campos Nilma Lúcia Viguetti , Mazzola Taís Nitsch , Filho Paulo Latuf , Andrade Liliana Aparecida Lucci De Angelo , Guaragna Mara Sanches , de Mello Maricilda Palandi , Guerra‐Junior Gil , Vieira Társis Antonio Paiva , Maciel‐Guerra Andréa Trevas
Published: November 2022

Ovotesticular disorders of sex development (OT‐DSD) are characterized by ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules in the same individual, with a wide range of atypical genitalia. We report on two sibs with atypical genitalia and SRY‐negative 46,XX DSD, OT‐DSD was confirmed only in the boy, while the girl had bilateral ovaries. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) showed a 737‐kb duplication at Xq27.1 including the entire SOX3 gene in both sibs, which was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. Also, X chromosome inactivation assay showed random inactivation in both sibs. Whole exome sequencing revealed no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant. CMA of the parents showed normal results for both, suggesting that germline mosaicism could be the reason of recurrence of this duplication in the siblings. Our results support a pathogenic role of SOX3 overexpression in 46,XX subjects leading to variable DSD phenotypes.
Synthesis of 2‐(Oxindol‐3‐yl)acetamides via Visible‐light‐mediated Oxidative Carbamoylation of N‐arylacrylamides
Authors: Liu Yihuo , Xu Jinli , Fu Xudong , Xu Mingli , Li Xiaonian , Cheng Dongping , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: November 2022

Under metal free condition, an efficient and mild cascade reaction of N‐arylacrylamides with hydrazinecarboxamides is disclosed. Catalyzed by Rose Bengal, it undergoes oxidative dehydrazination, radical addition, and subsequent 5‐exo‐trig cyclization in the presence of visible light. A series of 2‐(oxindol‐3‐yl)acetamides are obtained in moderate to excellent yields, which could be utilized as precursors in the synthesis of bioactive pyrrolidinoindolines.
Barrier and mechanical properties of biodegradable paper bilayer‐coated with plasticized starch and zein
Authors: Hamdani Syeda Shamila , Li Zhao , Rolland Emily , Mohiuddin Mohammad , Rabnawaz Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Herein we report the development of bilayer‐coated‐paper with corn starch as the bottom layer and zein protein as the top layer. Two different methods were used for preparation of the coated paper, namely rod‐coating and dip‐coating techniques. The effect of the coating methods was studied by investigating the mechanical and barrier properties of the coated paper. A significant decrease of the water vapor and oxygen transmission rates at various temperatures and relative humidity conditions was observed. Considering the growing need for renewable and biodegradable alternatives to conventional plastics, the coated paper described herein may have strong potential for applications in the food packaging sector.
Mechanism and Origins of Diastereo‐ and Regioselectivities of Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote Diborylative Cyclization of Dienes via Chain‐Walking Strategy
Authors: Kong Shuqi , Zhang Mengyao , Wang Shiyu , Wu Hongli , Zou Hongyan , Huang Genping
Published: November 2022

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the palladium‐catalyzed remote diborylative cyclization of dienes. The computations reveal that the reaction proceeds through a rarely explored Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle, and the formal σ‐bond metathesis between the alkylpalladium intermediate and B2pin2occurs via the pathway of the B−B oxidative addition/C−B reductive elimination involving the high‐valent Pd(IV) species. The diastereoselectivity is determined by the migratory insertion into the Pd−C bond, which is mainly due to the combination of the torsional strain effect, steric repulsion and C−H—O hydrogen‐bonding interaction. The steric hindrance around the reacting carbon group in the C−B reductive elimination turns out to be a key factor to provide the driving force of the chain walking of the Pd center to the terminal primary carbon position, enabling the experimentally observed remote regioselectivity.
The relationship between camouflaging and mental health in autistic children and adolescents
Authors: Ross Alice , Grove Rachel , McAloon John
Published: November 2022

Camouflaging involves the masking of autistic traits in social situations. While camouflaging may function as a potential barrier to the early diagnosis of autism, minimal research into camouflaging in autistic young people has been conducted. It is also important to evaluate the impact of camouflaging on the mental health of autistic children and adolescents. This study evaluated camouflaging in a sample of 359 female and 374 male autistic children and adolescents (4–17 years, 48.9% females). Findings indicated that camouflaging was a significant predictor of internalizing (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatic complaints) symptoms, when controlling for age, gender, and IQ. We also found evidence for some gender differences in camouflaging. Parents endorsed more autistic traits for females compared with males, whereas there were no differences in autistic traits across sex in the clinician‐administered assessment. There was also evidence for a relationship between age and camouflaging, with adolescents showing a larger discrepancy between parent and clinician reported autistic traits. This has implications for clinical assessment and future research and is important for understanding how best to support the mental health of autistic children and adolescents.
Nanotechnology as a vital science in accelerating biofuel production, a boon or bane
Authors: Sharma Yashaswi , Manro Bahaar , Thakur Pooja , Khera Alisha , Dey Piyush , Gupta Dikshi , Khajuria Akhil , Jaiswal Pradeep Kumar , Barnwal Ravi Pratap , Singh Gurpal
Published: November 2022

In a world where fossil fuels are running out, biofuels are one of the best green energy alternatives to fuels made from petroleum due to their environmentally beneficial qualities and low cost in comparison with non‐renewable fossil fuels. Biofuels are produced from cheap and renewable sources and the energy stored in these biomasses can be assimilated to create sustainable electricity or heat, which can then be exploited to meet current and future societal needs in numerous situations. However, the production of biofuels on an industrial scale takes a lot of time because of the numerous constraints placed on currently available technology and the increased costs that go along with them. Moreover, the processes utilized to transform various feedstocks into the desired output also vary based on the materials and techniques employed. The supply of biofuel feedstocks is large, and with improved processing, we could significantly lower our reliance on fossil fuels. In this context, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is a commendable solution to the present problems with biomass use, especially given their low cost. The unique qualities of nanomaterials, such as excellent catalytic properties, high surface area‐to‐volume ratio, remarkable selectivity, and reusability make them admirable tools for boosting biofuel generation. This review predominantly focuses on the contributions of nanotechnology and various immobilization methodologies in accelerating biofuel production from biomasses that might fill in the research gap, which was previously limited by the relatively lower efficiency of traditional techniques of biofuel generation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicokinetics in preclinical drug development of small‐molecule new chemical entities
Authors: Li Wenkui , Picard Franck
Published: November 2022

Toxicokinetics (TK) is an integral part of nonclinical (preclinical) safety assessment of small‐molecule new chemical entities in drug development. It is employed to describe the systemic exposure of a drug candidate and/or its important metabolite(s) achieved in study animals and elucidate the relationship (proportional, over‐proportional, or under‐proportional) between systemic exposure and dose administered and the associated differences/similarities between male and female animals along with the possible accumulation/induction. TK data and the derived parameters are employed to propose safe starting doses for clinical use of the new drug candidate through proper extrapolation of findings in study animals to humans. This review has attempted to highlight the health authority expectations on TK assessment in supporting preclinical safety profiling of new chemical entities. A robust TK assessment requires good understanding of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination processes of drug candidate, adequate TK sampling (e.g., controls where relevant), implementation of fit‐for‐purpose bioanalytical methods (validated or scientifically qualified) along with necessary measures to prevent mis‐dosing or ex vivo contamination, and establishment of stability of the drug candidate and/or its metabolite(s) in the intended species matrix to ensure the reliability of bioanalytical and TK data. The latter provides a vital link between animal experiments and human safety.
Heat‐killed Lactobacillus murinus confers neuroprotection against dopamine neuronal loss by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Fan Hong‐Xia , Sheng Shuo , Li Dai‐Di , Li Jing‐Jie , Wang Guo‐Qing , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2022

The intestinal flora has become very active in studies related to Parkinson's disease (PD) in recent years. The microbe‐gut‐brain axis is closely related to the maintenance of brain homeostasis as well as PD pathogenesis. Alterations in gut bacteria can contribute to neuroinflammation and dopamine (DA) neurodegeneration. Lactobacillus murinus, a gram‐positive bacterium, is a commensal gut bacteria present in the mammalian gut and considered as a potential probiotic due to its beneficial effects, including anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial actions. In this study, the effects of live L. murinus and heat‐killed L. murinus on DA neuronal damage in rats and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Data showed that heat‐killed L. murinus ameliorated 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced motor dysfunctions and loss of substantia nigra DA neurons, while no protection was shown in live L. murinus treatment. At the same time, heat‐killed L. murinus reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors, thus inhibiting the development of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, heat‐killed L. murinus failed to display its original neuroprotective properties in NLRP3 inflammasome knockout mice. Together, heat‐killed L. murinus conferred neuroprotection against DA neuronal loss via the inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings provide a promising potential for future applications of L. murinus, and also beneficial strategy for PD treatment.
Cingulate sulcus morphology and paracingulate sulcus variations: Anatomical and radiological studies
Authors: Selahi Özge , Kuru Bektaşoğlu Pınar , Hakan Tayfun , Firat Zeynep , Güngör Abuzer , Çelikoğlu Erhan
Published: November 2022

The sulci and gyri found across the cerebrum differ in morphology between individuals. The cingulate sulcus is an important landmark for deciding the surgical approach for neighboring pathological lesions. Identifying the anatomical variations of anterior cingulate cortex morphology would help to determine the safe‐entry route through neighboring lesions. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from 149 healthy volunteers were investigated retrospectively for anatomical variations of the paracingulate sulcus. Also, human cadaveric brain hemispheres were investigated for cingulate and paracingulate sulcus anatomy. All participants had cingulate sulci in both hemispheres (n = 149, 100%). Three types of paracingulate sulcus patterns were identified: “prominent,” “present,” and “absent.” Hemispheric comparisons indicated that the paracingulate sulcus is commonly “prominent” in the left hemisphere (n = 48, 32.21%) and more commonly “absent” in the right hemisphere (n = 73, 48.99%). Ten (6.71%) people had a prominent paracingulate sulcus in both the right and left hemispheres. Seven (4.70%) of them were male, and 3 (2.01%) of them were female. Paracingulate sulci were present in both hemispheres in 19 people (12.75%), of which 9 (6.04%) were male and 10 (6.71%) were female. There were 35 (23.49%) participants without paracingulate sulci in both hemispheres. Eleven (7.38%) were male and 24 (16.11%) were female. There were 73 (48.99%) participants without right paracingulate sulcus and 57 (38.26%) participants without left paracingulate sulcus (p = 0.019). In the examinations of the cadaver hemispheres, the paracingulate sulcus was present and prominent in 25%, and the intralimbic sulcus was present in 15%. It has been observed that the paracingulate sulcus is more prominent in the normal male brain compared to females. In females, there were more participants without paracingulate sulcus. This study shows that there are both hemispheric and sex differences in the anatomy of the paracingulate sulcus. Understanding the cingulate sulcus anatomy and considering the variations in the anterior cingulate cortex morphology during surgery will help surgeons to orient this elegant and complex area.
Unveiling the impact of durum wheat protein quantity and quality on textural properties and microstructure of cooked pasta
Authors: Wang Kun , Pozniak Curtis J. , Ruan Yuefeng , Fu Bin Xiao
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives

This study investigated the impact of protein quantity and gluten strength on mechanical properties and microstructure of cooked pasta using texture analyzer and scanning electron microscopy. Three Canadian durum varieties with wide range of gluten strength at four protein levels were selected.

Findings

Four distinct microstructures were characterized for cooked pasta. Pasta with firm texture exhibited compact and dense protein networks, while that with soft texture showed open, coarse, and heterogeneous structures. Protein content was the dominant factor in determining pasta firmness, the impact of gluten strength on pasta texture depends on protein content and cooking time. Greater impact from gluten strength was observed when pasta was overcooked.

Conclusions

The relative contribution of protein quantity and quality in cooked pasta texture depends upon the ranges of protein content, gluten strength, and degree of cooking.

Significance and Novelty

This study unveiled the impact of wheat protein content and gluten strength on textural and microstructural properties of pasta at three cooking times. Results generated from this study provide guidance for durum breeding programs, durum milling, and pasta processing industry in setting protein content and gluten strength targets to ensure pasta quality.
Modified Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Chloride Membranes for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Fariba , Kazerouni Haleh Nourizadeh , Adelinia Hadi , Jafarzadeh Yoones , Hazrati Hossein
Published: November 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) was modified by citric acid (CA) and embedded into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membranes. The PVC/GO‐CA (0.15 wt %) membrane showed the best hydrophilicity, porosity, and tensile strength. The results of membranes' performance in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system demonstrated that the critical flux had a noticeable improvement after adding 0.15 wt % GO‐CA. Also, the irreversible fouling ratio of PVC/GO‐CA membranes was lower than that of the neat PVC membrane, indicating an improvement in antifouling properties of the nanocomposite membrane. Moreover, the soluble microbial product (SMP) and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of the cake layer reduced for the PVC/GO‐CA (0.15 wt %) membrane because of its higher hydrophilicity and better antifouling behavior.
Effects of guide holes on the performance of a vertical turbo air classifier
Authors: Yu Yuan , Cao Yingni , Zhang Yu , Fu Junjie , Liu Jiaxiang
Published: November 2022

The wide usage of guide parts makes it one of the most interesting research hot spots in the field of fluid machinery. To improve the flow field distribution of the vertical turbo air classifier, the guide holes in the air intake region are designed. The flow fields of the classifiers with and without guide holes are simulated using ANSYS‐FLUENT. The gas‐phase simulation results show that the guide holes have a ‘diversion’ effect on the airflow, decreasing the tangential velocity and increasing the radial velocity of the airflow. After the airflow passes through the guide holes, the small guide hole sizes cause the large radial velocity and the strong ‘diversion’ effect, which can improve the flow field distribution. The well‐distributed flow field of the elutriation region and annular region are obtained when the guide hole size is 7 mm × 7 mm. The discrete phase simulation results show that the cut size of the classifier without the guide holes is 9.1 μm. The cut size is 13.4 μm when the guide hole size is 7 mm × 7 mm. With the increase in the guide hole size, the cut size increases. However, when the guide hole size is larger than 10.5 mm × 10.5 mm, the cut size is almost kept unchanged, which is 22.9 μm.
PROTOCOL: The experiences of adults experiencing homelessness when accessing and using psychosocial interventions: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: O'Leary Chris , Roberts Anton , Teixeira Ligia , Coren Esther
Published: November 2022

The systematic review set out in this protocol is part of a broader evidence synthesis which intends to produce two systematic reviews to address a significant gap in the evidence base identified by Luchenski et al. (2018) and by White and Narayanan (2021). This review (the focus of this protocol) will be of the experiences of adults experiencing homelessness when accessing and using psychosocial interventions. This review of qualitative data will use thematic synthesis to analyse these experiences as faced by this population when accessing and using psychosocial interventions.
Comment on ‘PRISMA: A robust and intuitive tool for high‐throughput processing of chemical spectra’
Authors: Meier Robert J.
Published: November 2022

The analysis of spectral data, and in particular the quantification of these, highly depends on curve fitting the spectra with suitable methods. The required methodologies have been known for very long. However, even today it is a regular problem that this, i.e. physically correct analyzing spectral data, is not practiced.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of the siRNA JNJ‐73763989 in Healthy Chinese Adult Participants
Authors: Li Haiyan , Niu Xiaoye , Zhang Yu , Zhang Danning , Zhang Yanqing , Wang Liqun , Miao Yongqing , Jiang Yanxin , Ji Jia , Chen Qiaoqiao , Wu Xiaoyun , Ediage Emmanuel Njumbe , Kakuda Thomas N. , Biermer Michael
Published: November 2022

JNJ‐73763989, composed of the 2 short‐interfering RNA triggers JNJ‐73763976 and JNJ‐73763924, targets all hepatitis B virus messenger RNAs, thereby reducing all viral proteins. In this phase 1, single‐site, open‐label, parallel‐group, randomized study, participants were given 1 subcutaneous injection of JNJ‐73763989 (100 or 200 mg) to investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of JNJ‐73763989 in healthy Chinese adult participants. Plasma and urine pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each trigger up to 48 hours after dosing. Eighteen participants, 9 per dose group, were enrolled. The median age and weight were 33.0 years and 73.65 kg; 83.3% were male. Exposure of both triggers increased dose proportionally. Median time to maximum concentration ranged from 6.0 to 10.0 hours, and mean elimination half‐life ranged from 4.5 to 4.8 hours across both triggers and doses. Mean urinary excretion for JNJ‐73763976 and JNJ‐73763924 ranged from 17.7% to 19.4% and 13.1% to 13.2% for the 100‐ and 200‐mg dose groups, respectively. All treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were mild and resolved by study end, and no AEs or serious AEs resulted in premature study discontinuation or death. Overall, the pharmacokinetics of JNJ‐73763989 in healthy Chinese participants were consistent with previous studies, and JNJ‐73763989 was generally safe and well tolerated after a single dose.
A multitask recommendation algorithm based on DeepFM and Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Chen Liqiong , Bi Xiaoyu , Fan Guoqing , Sun Huaiying
Published: November 2022

For a long time, the problems of cold start and sparse data have always been the key problems to be solved by the recommendation system. Researchers usually use auxiliary information to deal with the aforementioned problems, thereby achieving the purpose of enhancing the recommendation effect. For example, the multitask feature learning framework (MKR) uses knowledge graphs as auxiliary information to enhance recommendations. However, the MKR algorithm has the problem of insufficient semantic information representation which affect the recommendation results. Thus, a multitask recommendation algorithm based on DeepFM and graph convolutional network (DeepFM_GCN) is proposed. The graph convolution network is used to deeply mine auxiliary entity information in the knowledge graph to supplement the sparse item semantics information in the recommendation task. Through the method of cross compression unit combined with Deep Neural Network to achieve feature sharing items and entities which to make up for the impact of insufficient feature representation. Then the DeepFM_GCN model utilizes DeepFM to deeply mine the interaction feature of users and items to avoid inaccurate items recommended to users. From the analysis of the experimental results, the DeepFM_GCN model can more fully explore user and item features, accordingly avoiding semantic ambiguity and improving prediction accuracy.
Deep auto‐encoder based clustering algorithm for graph‐based web page recommendation system
Authors: Alagappan Jothi Kumar , Victor Savaridoss Paul
Published: November 2022

Web‐page recommendation system (RS) plays a major role in smart web systems. The core technology is the RS, which helps users find their interests or discover item preferences. With the rapid proliferation of information technology, the present era witnessed a remarkable growth in the collection and generation of web data. Every day, it is difficult to project the appropriate information to the user and adds severe complexity to the decision making procedure. Moreover, the existing RS techniques have limitations like huge computation time, high computational cost, over specialization, and sparsity problems. This work presents an effective graph‐based web page recommendation model to overcome these difficulties. Initially, the input data is preprocessed utilizing Natural Language Tool Kit executed in Python. The snapshot‐based dynamic graph model obtains the user‐web page relationship. Weight calculation of user‐item and the user‐user edge is also processed with this graph model. The user‐user edge similarity is used to obtain the user preference vector. Then, unsupervised‐deep auto encoder based density‐based clustering algorithm is proposed to cluster the user preference vector, which groups the visited web page details into k clusters. The web pages are recommended based on the highest score calculated by the page ranking method. Finally, the topmost visited web pages are recommended to web users based on the ranking score. “All the news”, MSNBC, and Weblog datasets are taken for evaluation. The proposed method is evaluated with respect to standard measures like F1 measure, accuracy, recall, precision, and root mean square error. Compared with other existing methods, the proposed technique achieved the highest accuracy, 97.99% for All the news datasets, 93.03% for the MSNBC database, and 90.07% for the Weblog database.
The impact of green culture on employees' green behavior: The mediation role of environmental awareness
Authors: Li Zhongyuan , Yu Huixin , Xing Liyun
Published: November 2022

Although organizational culture is believed to provide a set of behavioral guidelines for employees' behavior, the internal mechanism by which organizational green culture influences employees' green behavior is not clear. Therefore, based on the “stimulus–organism–response” theory, a logical model of “organizational green culture–environmental awareness–employees' green behavior” was constructed in this study. A sample of 258 employees was collected from the oil industry to test the hypotheses proposed by the model. The results of hierarchical linear regression showed that employees' environmental awareness had a significantly effect on their green behaviors. In addition, two dimensions of organizational green culture: cognitive green culture and emotional green culture, were identified to raise employees' environmental awareness, which in turn motivate them to perform green behaviors. Furthermore, the indirect effect of employees' environmental awareness between cognitive green culture and employees' green is higher.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical and Biocatalytic 2’3’‐Cyclic GMP‐AMP Synthesis
Authors: Becker Martin , Ziemińska‐Stolarska Aleksandra , Markowska Dorota , Lütz Stephan , Rosenthal Katrin
Published: November 2022

Life cycle assessments (LCAs) can provide insights into the environmental impact of production processes. In this study, a comparative LCA was performed for the synthesis of 2’3’‐cyclic GMP‐AMP (2’3’‐cGAMP) in an early development stage. The cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) is of interest for pharmaceutical applications such as cancer immunotherapy. CDNs can be synthesized either by enzymes or chemical catalysis. It is not known which of the routes is more sustainable as both routes have their advantages and disadvantages, such as a poor yield for the chemical synthesis and low titers for the biocatalytic synthesis. The synthesis routes were compared for the production of 200 g 2’3’‐cGAMP based on laboratory data to assess the environmental impacts. The biocatalytic synthesis turned out to be superior to the chemical synthesis in all considered categories by at least one magnitude, for example, a global warming potential of 3055.6 kg CO2 equiv. for the enzymatic route and 56454.0 kg CO2 equiv. for the chemical synthesis, which is 18 times higher. This study demonstrates the value of assessment at an early development stage, when the choice between different routes is still possible.
Youth coping and cardiac autonomic functioning: Implications for social and academic adjustment
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Cai Tianying , Jimenez Virnaliz , Tu Kelly M.
Published: November 2022

Extending literature on youth coping and stress physiology, this two‐wave longitudinal study examined independent and interactive roles of youth coping with daily stressors (i.e., peer, academic) and cardiac autonomic functioning in subsequent social and academic adjustment across the transition to middle school. Our sample consisted of 100 typically developing youth (10–12 years old at Time 1, 53 boys, 43% ethnic minorities) who reported on their coping strategies in response to peer and academic stress. Youth participated in laboratory tasks (i.e., baseline, mother–youth conversations about youth's actual peer and academic challenges) during which sympathetic and parasympathetic activities were recorded, and cardiac autonomic functioning indicators were derived. Youth, mothers, and teachers reported on various aspects of youths’ social and academic adjustment at Times 1 and 2. Results revealed that, for both peer and academic domains, greater use of engagement coping strategies was prospectively linked with better adjustment 7 months later, but only among youth who exhibited higher (greater sympathetic–parasympathetic coactivation) but not lower (limited coactivation, or coinhibition) cardiac autonomic regulation at baseline. Findings suggest that a match between more engagement coping behaviors and greater cardiac autonomic capacity to coactivate the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches is linked with better social and academic adjustment.
Climate and the biotic community structure plant resistance across biogeographic groups of yellow monkeyflower
Authors: Rotter Michael C. , Christie Kyle , Holeski Liza M.
Published: November 2022

Characterizing correlates of phytochemical resistance trait variation across a landscape can provide insight into the ecological factors that have shaped the evolution of resistance arsenals. Using field‐collected data and a greenhouse common garden experiment, we assessed the relative influences of abiotic and biotic drivers of genetic‐based defense trait variation across 41 yellow monkeyflower populations from western and eastern North America and the United Kingdom. Populations experience different climates, herbivore communities, and neighboring vegetative communities, and have distinct phytochemical resistance arsenals. Similarities in climate as well as herbivore and vegetative communities decline with increasing physical distance separating populations, and phytochemical resistance arsenal composition shows a similarly decreasing trend. Of the abiotic and biotic factors examined, temperature and the neighboring vegetation community had the strongest relative effects on resistance arsenal differentiation, whereas herbivore community composition and precipitation have relatively small effects. Rather than simply controlling for geographic proximity, we jointly assessed the relative strengths of both geographic and ecological variables on phytochemical arsenal compositional dissimilarity. Overall, our results illustrate how abiotic conditions and biotic interactions shape plant defense traits in natural populations.
Variety in responses of wintering oystercatchersHaematopus ostralegusto near‐collapse of their prey in the Exe Estuary,UK
Authors: Morten Joanne M. , Burrell Ryan A. , Frayling Tim D. , Hoodless Andrew N. , Thurston William , Hawkes Lucy A.
Published: November 2022

Globally, habitat loss or degradation is a major threat to many species, and those with specific habitat requirements are particularly vulnerable. Many species of wading birds (Charadrii) are dependent upon intertidal sites to feed, but, as a result of anthropogenic pressures, the prey landscape has changed at many estuaries. Behavioral adaptations may be able to buffer these changes. In this study over multiple seasons, we aimed to investigate the foraging behaviors of wintering Eurasian oystercatchers in the Exe Estuary where mussel beds, the preferred prey at this site, have almost disappeared in the last decade. From 2018 to 2021, GPS tracking devices were deployed on 24 oystercatchers, and the foraging locations of adults, sub‐adults, and juveniles were determined. Of the 12 birds tracked over multiple winter periods, 10 used the same foraging home ranges but a juvenile and sub‐adult changed locations interannually. The dominant prey species at key foraging sites were assessed, and we found that younger birds were more likely to visit sites with lower quality prey, likely due to being at a competitive disadvantage, and also to explore sites further away. Individuals were generally consistent in the areas of the estuary used in early and late winter, and over 90% of locations were recorded in the protected area boundary, which covers the sand and mudflats of the Exe. These findings suggest high specificity of the current protected area for oystercatchers in the Exe Estuary, although, if the prey landscape continues to decline, younger individuals may provide the potential for adaptation by finding and foraging at additional sites. Continued monitoring of individual behavior within populations that are facing dramatic changes to their prey is essential to understand how they may adapt and to develop suitable management plans to conserve threatened species.
Effects of agricultural practices on foraging habitats of a seabird species in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Garthe Stefan , Schwemmer Philipp , Kubetzki Ulrike , Heinze Bernd
Published: November 2022

Omnivorous and opportunistic species may be good indicators of food availability. Gulls often use human‐impacted landscapes and may respond to changes by altering their feeding ecology. We investigated the foraging behavior of individual common gulls (Larus canus), focusing on their distribution during foraging and their selected habitat types. We tracked adult common gulls using GPS telemetry at their largest breeding colony in the southwestern Baltic Sea, Germany. Foraging habitats were analyzed from tracking data for three breeding seasons 2016, 2017, and 2019 and were compared with potentially available foraging habitats. Most breeding birds flew toward terrestrial areas. Feeding sites were located on average 11.7–14.3 km from the colony (range 0.9–36.5 km). Corn and sugar beet fields were used significantly and extensively compared with their availability in 2016 and 2017, while wheat, rape, and barley fields were used significantly less. Data from 2019 suggested seasonal shifts in habitat use. Birds spent between 30 and 1300 min per week at their preferred feeding sites, with significant differences between the major habitats selected. We found a stable, clear, multiyear pattern in common gull foraging behavior in relation to agricultural practices. Fields with little or no crop cover and thus access to the soil were preferred over fields with high crop cover. These results suggest that local food availability may be limiting further population increases in this species.
A review of crude oil emulsification and multiphase flows in chemical flooding
Authors: Zhou Yazhou , Yin Daiyin , Li Yuanting , He Jingang , Zhang Chengli
Published: November 2022

Chemical flooding has become an important method to enhance oil recovery in high‐water cut reservoirs. Crude oil emulsification often occurs during chemical flooding, and it plays a very positive role in increasing crude oil production. Crude oil emulsification increases the complexity of fluid flow in the reservoir including multifield coupling characteristics and multiphase flow and multiphase form characteristics. This paper discusses advanced research techniques and the status of multiphase fluid flows in chemical flooding, including the interfacial rheological properties of emulsions, physical simulation of emulsion seepage, and mathematical models and numerical simulations of seepage. Studies on the mechanism of seepage have analyzed the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of seepage during chemical flooding. Prospective directions for future research are indicated including the study of the interfacial rheological characteristics of emulsions, methods for the evaluation of the seepage characteristics of chemical flooding, and mathematical models of multiphase seepage during chemical flooding.
Predicting post‐wildfire overland flow using remotely sensed indicators of forest productivity
Authors: Noske Philip J. , Lane Patrick N. J. , Nyman Petter , Van der Sant René E. , Sheridan Gary J.
Published: November 2022

Wildfire can induce an increase in infiltration excess overland flow, which varies from barely detectible to extreme. Soil properties are an important contributor to this variability. Several studies found that a landscape's aridity (the balance of energy and water) is strongly correlated with an increased quantity of post‐wildfire overland flow, with burnt forests of higher aridity producing higher peak flow compared to wetter forests. Related process‐based studies suggested that this relationship can be explained by an interaction between inherent soil macroporosity (varies inversely with aridity) and fire induced water repellency; soils of higher macro‐porosity maintain high infiltration rates despite fire‐enhanced water repellence. Although the observed post‐wildfire runoff/aridity relationship has proven useful in mapping hydrological risk, its transferability is potentially limited for areas where other soil formation factors have greater influence. Here we propose that measurements related to landscape productivity may provide a mappable landscape metric that is based on soil formation processes that influence post‐fire infiltration capacity and may provide a more robust and transferable proxy of fire induced hydrologic change. To test this hypothesis, post‐wildfire runoff data from three new experimental sites with a coastal climate influence were combined with previously published data collected inland across a gradient of aridity. The results showed that post‐wildfire runoff was better correlated with measures of productivity than with aridity, supporting the hypothesis. It is therefore proposed that long‐term average productivity may be a more robust and transferable proxy in estimating the magnitude of increase in overland flow after fire than aridity. This most likely results from a stronger causal link between productivity and soil macroporosity, though this was not measured in this study. As with aridity, this proxy is mappable at high resolution using climate and remotely sensed data, enabling the application of landscape productivity metrics when predicting post‐wildfire hydrologic risk.