bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Property of Refining Impure-Copper
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Jin Hui , Chen Mi Song
Published: February 2011

The self-prepared Cu-RE refining agents were used to refine impure-copper. The influences of RE elements on refinements and structures were studied and the mechanism of RE was discussed. The results show that by adding proper amounts of Cu-RE refining agents into impure-coppers, the refinements of RE on impure-coppers are perfect. Furthermore, the dendrites of the RE-refined ingot are refined and the structure becomes more homogeneous, leading that the electric conduction function and mechanics function of impure-copper have been improved.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Metal Flow in the Initial Stage of a Twin-Roll Strip Casting Process
Authors: Zhang Qing Hua , Wang Bo , Zhang Wei Dong , Zhang Jie Yu , Liu Zhi Yu
Published: February 2011

A three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to study turbulent fluid flow, heat transfer and free surface profile in the initial stage of the twin-roll casting strip pool by a commercial software ProCAST. The coupled set of governing equations for mass, momentum and energy balance was solved with the finite element method. The free surface profile of the pool was treated with the Volume of Fluids (VOF) approach. A straight nozzle of metal delivery system has been chosen in the Twin-roll strip casting process. The filling sequences, flow patterns and corresponding temperature profiles in the metal pool of a vertical twin-roll strip casting process were simulated in this study. The calculated results provided a valuable basis for the optimization of process parameters and metal delivery system during the initial pouring stage of twin-roll strip casting.
Effect of Magnetostatic Field on Microstructure of 5005 Aluminum Alloy Sheet by Roll-Casting
Authors: Li Jin Tao , Xu Guang Ming , Cui Jian Zhong
Published: February 2011

The roll-casting technology of 5000 series aluminum alloy is one of the difficulties at present. Roll-casting technology was employed in this paper and high quality 5005 aluminum alloy sheets were fabricated successfully under different conditions. The solidification of melt in roll-casting process is the rapid directional solidification. The effect of magnetostatic field on microstructure of 5005 aluminum alloy sheet by roll-casting has been investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that imposing magnetostatic field can refine the grains of 5005 aluminum alloy.
Experimental Modal Analysis in Casting Production Applications
Authors: Ying Mei , Rui Fan
Published: February 2011

The experimental modal analysis (EMA) applied in vibrating solidification and vibrating ageing of the cast iron elements has been discussed in this paper. The stimulating frequency、excitation area(wave crest)、supporting area and the way of excitation of this cast iron element can be chosen accurately according to the eigenvalue of vibration parameters and the dynamic display of the measurement. If multiple excitation is needed，the principle natural frequency can be adjusted according to the dynamic display as the partial differences and the characteristics change of the elements. The experiment shown that using EMA excitation parameters can get a better technical effect than those of static solidification、heat ageing or other experience excitation ageing. Vibrating solidification can make a fine crystalline and the hardness of the full section is relative high; Vibrating ageing can get a better stress distribution and raise the ability of anti-deformation.
Experimental Evaluation of System Performance for a Machine Tool Cooler Using Inverter Driven Control
Authors: Wang Fu Jen , Tsai Kuei I , Chang Tong Bou , Lee Hao Chuan , Lin Yu Jun
Published: February 2011

Highly accurate manufacture in machining industry cannot be achieved without precise temperature control of the cooling water. However, the machine tool coolers are facing the control hunting of coolant temperature and the dramatic variation of heat load in high-accuracy machining. In this study, experimental investigation on inverter driven compressor for capacity control has been proposed. Effects of using capillary tube and thermostatic expansion valve along with inverter driven control scheme have been investigated comprehensively. Cooling performance and power consumption of the cooler system have been measured at different frequency (hertz) of inverter under specific cooling water temperature. The experimental results reveal that the inverter driven cooler is cost-effective and energy-efficient for high-precision machine tool cooling.
Experimental Measurement of Friction Coefficient Applied to HSM Modeling
Authors: Sutter Guy , List Gautier , Bi Xue Feng , Arnoux Jean Jacques , Bouthiche Adbenbi
Published: February 2011

An experimental method using a specifically set-up is presented in order to investigate dry friction phenomena, which occurs in the cutting process at the tool chip contact, in a wide range of sliding speed. A ballistic set-up using an air gun launch is used to measure the friction coefficient for the steel/carbide contact between 15 m/s and 80 m/s. A series of tests are conducted according to the sliding velocity and the normal pressure. These measurements are also introduced in a finite element simulation. The focus of this work is to determine the relevance of the friction modeling in the finite element method of the high speed machining. Modeling results are compared with cutting forces measured on a similar experimental device, which can reproduce perfect orthogonal cutting conditions. Measurement of temperature fields during the cutting process complete the parameter required for modeling. The results show that in high cutting speed, the friction modeling usually used in the FE codes is limited and that novel formulations are needed.
Cutting Mechanism and Model for Cutting Al/SiCp Composites
Authors: Ji Cai Kuai , Zhang Fei Hu
Published: February 2011

Al/SiCp composite material is rapidly advanced due to its applications to weapon, military, aeronautics and astronautics. In some cases, fields of research are stagnating for its difficulty in material processing. In this study, we are particularly concerned about the cutting mechanism of Al/SiCp through modeling and simulations on wear rate of the tools. These simulations of tool wear rate and cutting mechanism of Al/SiCp are proved by cutting tests on Al/SiCp with nanocemented carbide tool WC-7Co and common cemented carbide tool YG8. A detailed investigation suggests that the cutting instinct of Al/SiCp is of interrupted cutting process. And the grain loss, less tipping and blade fracture during tool wear results from high frequency intermittent shock by SiC grain. The wear behavior on the tool flank is mainly of grain loss. However, the wear behavior of the rake face is not only of grain loss, but also abrasive wear of WC grain by SiC grain. It is conclusively demonstrated that the model of tool wear rate is sufficient for revolution characterization of tool wear rate on grain size, volume fraction of reinforcement, and also significantly important to prove the interrupted cutting process mechanism of Al/SiCp.
Research on CMP Characteristics Attribute to Groove Size
Authors: Guo Yong Chang , Lee Young Kyun , Lee Hyun Seop , Jeong Hae Do
Published: February 2011

Groove pads are used quite widely in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and groove size plays an important role in CMP characteristics. This study focuses on the investigation of the groove size effect using X-Y groove pads which are different with pitch and width. The first experiment shows the size effect on the polishing characteristics including material removal rate (MRR), within wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU) on 4 inch oxide blanket wafers for 60 seconds. The second experiment verifies the reason why MRR and WIWNU are different, by the calculation of slurry duration time (SDT) resulting from the change of friction force. All experimental results indicated that a significant difference of slurry flow attributed to groove width and pitch has an impressive influence on friction force, finally the MRR and WIWNU are affected by the groove size.
Micro Leverage Modeling, Simulation and Optimization for Micromechanical Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer
Authors: Jiang Shao Dong , Shi Ran , Qiu An Ping , Su Yan
Published: February 2011

The proof mass of micromechanical silicon oscillating accelerometer is small in size and light in weight, which badly restricts the improvement of accelerometer sensitivity. So a method of using micro leverage mechanisms to amplify the inertia force is widely accepted. There are restraints existing in the input and output beam end of the leverage mechanism, and the whole structure is flexible body. Therefore the Card Theorem is adopted to deduce the theoretical formula of the leverage amplification factor. The finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to verify the theoretical formula. Then optimize the leverage mechanics with the complex optimal method to get the reasonable design parameters of the leverage mechanism. Finally, another simulation is conducted to test the optimized result.
The Performance Parameters Measurement of Longitudinal Piezoelectric Transducer and Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Ying Biao , Wang Yuan
Published: February 2011

The longitudinal piezoelectric transducers compound and reasonable structure is derived and presented, in addition, the paper designed a experimental system that adapt to the longitudinal measurement of high-power transducer performance parameters; Measurement of performance parameters through experimental of the transducer by home-made, which including the phase and amplitude spectrum and impedance of the current and voltage, Ultimately the admittance circle can be gotten to improve the performance of the displacement amplitude, The paper provides a new way to analyze transducers.
A Monitoring and Wireless Transmission System on the Machining Tool
Authors: Lin Jing , Guo Yin Biao , Yang Wei , Zhu Rui , Tang Ni
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a wireless transmission and data acquisition system for monitoring optical aspheric grinding environment. The hardware and software framework of the system is discussed. The result of experiments verifies the system is feasible in high precision aspheric surface manufacturing.
Simulation for Aberration of Chromium Atomic Beam Focusing and Deposition
Authors: Zhang Wen Tao , Huang Jing , Zhu Bao Hu , Wu Yuan Yuan , Huang Xi
Published: February 2011

The image distortion which comes from aberration is analyzed and the effects on focal line features are also discussed, which are resulted from the spherical aberration, chromatic aberration and beam spread. The simulation results have show that source imperfection, especially the transverse velocity spread, plays a critical role in broadening the feature width.
Study on the Inspection Method of Gas Valve’s External Taper Screw Thread Based on Image Domain
Authors: Zhang Xue Chang , Zhang Xu , Chen Junhua
Published: February 2011

The failure of the gas valve’s external screw taper thread is a very serious problem which may result in accidents. Routine inspection on the threads is thus necessary. The efficiency of traditional manual testing methods can not meet the production requirements. An automatic visual inspection system for gas valve’s external screw taper thread is presented in the paper. The system consists of a high-performance 200 mega pixels CCD camera, a LED backlight and a holder of gas valve. Through image acquisition, image processing, edge detection and feature dimension measurement, the system can effectively measure the parameters of taper thread such as half of thread angle, depth of thread, taper angle of thread on image domain. Due to the lead angle and installation error, actual half of thread angle is different from the theoretical values. Three methods are presented in the paper for the half of thread angle. Through analysis, Method 3 and Method 2 can be used to measure half of thread angle. The system can meet the testing requirements of the external screw taper thread and has wide application perspective.
The Numerical Simulation of Decarburization of 60Si2CrVA in Heat Treatment by DEFORM-3D and the Research of Practical Application
Authors: Dai Liang Gang , Chen Rong Fa , Zhang Xian Liang , Zhu Rui , Liu Tao , Pan Yi
Published: February 2011

In according to the DEFORM-3D software, we simulated the decarburization depth of the 60Si2CrVA spring steel in heat treatment, optimized the process parameters with the simulation results. The result of the research illustrated that the actual decarburization depth is consistent with the simulation result, which demonstrate DEFORM-3D has a practical guide for the process of heat treatment.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Processed by Continuous Rheo-Extrusion
Authors: Zhao Zhan Yong , Cao Fu Rong , Guan Ren Guo
Published: February 2011

AZ31 magnesium alloy profiles were prepared by continuous rheo-extrusion process, and effects of solution and aging treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated by OLYMPUS optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy device and tensile machine. The results reveal that saturated solid solution was formed in the profile at a solution temperature of 415 °C and 16 hours. During aging treatment of saturated solid solution, β-Mg17Al12 phase nucleates firstly at grain boundaries and takes on globular growth, which is mainly due to the lower interfacial energy in coherent or semi-coherent interface between β-Mg17Al12 phase and matrix phase. Lower interfacial energy is favorable to the nucleation and growth of β-Mg17Al12 phase at grain boundary. With the increase of aging time or the rise of aging temperature, β-Mg17Al12 phase precipitates out gradually from grain interior and starts to grow in globular shape. After β-Mg17Al12 phase grows to a certain extent, it grows in lamellar shape along the orientation of lower mismatch between β-Mg17Al12 phase and matrix phase. After solution at 415°C and 16h and aging at 180°C and 8h, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure of the profile are 305MPa and 13%, respectively.
The Optimization Analysis of Equipment Maintenance Based on Monte-Carlo Simulation
Authors: Geng Dai , Zhang Shi Min , Wang De Guo , Gao Jian , Dai Li Sha
Published: February 2011

In order to improve the reliability and security in production, effectively checking and maintaining equipment must be put into practice. In this paper, the on-condition maintenance period of the equipment is optimized by Monte-Carlo for the lowest maintenance cost in unit time by expressing the maintenance interval as an exponential function parameterizing Weibull’s distribution function。Finally, the oil centrifugal pump as an example was demonstrated. The results show that our model has the obvious economic benefits. The optimization analysis of equipment maintenance based on Monte-Carlo provides a theoretical basis for optimized detection and maintenance decisions.
Effect of Si Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Cold Roll Steel with 5%Cr
Authors: Wu Ying Mai , Yang Yi Tao , Shao Guang Jie
Published: February 2011

The effect of Si content on structure and wear resistance of cold roll steel with 5%Cr by using vacuum arc melting furnace had been studied in this paper. Results showed that with increasing Si content martensite got coarsening and the number and content of primary carbide increased; The type of primary carbide was M7C3 and Si mainly dissolved into martensite by XRD analysis; The wear resistance was effectively improved while Si content increased. The appropriate Si content in cold roll steel with 5%Cr was 1.5%~2％.
Virtual Manufacturing Research of Steam Turbine Blade Technology Based on UG and VERICUT Software
Authors: Peng Mei Wu , Yang Shun Tian , Jiang Xian Lun
Published: February 2011

This thesis undertakes research of model construction of the blade, virtual machine with the UG software based on the steam turbine blade's structural features and CNC manufacturing craft. With the virtual simulation system of entire parts manufacturing based on VERICUT software, it avoids collision occurrence of components trying to cut with the machine, reduces manufacturing duration greatly of the blade production, improves quality of the blade, and reduces cost.
Analysis of Reliability and Operation Characteristic of Composite Insulator
Authors: Xu Tao , Lu Tie Cheng , Shi Yan , Wan Xiao Dong
Published: February 2011

The operation characteristics and reliability of composite insulator are analyzed in this paper based on operation experiences and test study results. The problems in operation are pointed out， which should be noticed and studied for the composite insulator in China. In addition, some suggestions to improving structure and technologies for the manufacturer are put forward.
Effect of Zn2+ Doping on Luminescence Properties of Red-Emitting Phosphors CaMoO4:Eu3+
Authors: Zhang Xian , Cao Yue
Published: February 2011

Red-emitting phosphors Ca0.7-xEu0.3Z<nx MoO4（X=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1）were fabricated by a solid state reaction method using (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O, CaCO3, Eu2O3and ZnO as raw materials at the temperature of 600°C, 700°C, 750°C, 800°C, 850°C and 900°C, respectively. Phase components, grain morphologies and luminescence spectrum properties of the samples were analyzed and studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and F-4500 spectrophotometer. XRD analysis showed, with the temperature increasing, the width of the diffraction peak became narrow, but the peak value increased indicating the degree of crystallization became better and pure Ca0.7Eu0.3MoO4phase can be obtained at 850°C. SEM analysis showed that below 800°C, the grain was small but contains lots defects, while above 850°C round-shaped regular grain of about 1µm can be obtained. Photoluminescence spectrum analysis showed the phosphors could be efficiently excited by a near- ultraviolet light with wavelength of 395nm or the blue-purple light with wavelength of 465nm, the emission peaks located at 592nm and 614nm respectively. The emitting intensity improved with the sintering temperature increased, and got the maximum value at 850°C, but a little decreased at 900°C. Zn2+doping has no effect on emission peak position but can efficiently improve the emitting intensity of Ca0.7Eu0.3MoO4and the best doping concentration is about X=0.08.
Influence of the Section Plane Position on the Performance of Power Ultrasonic Transducer
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Bo , Wang Yu Qing
Published: February 2011

In this paper, five kinds of power ultrasonic transducers with different section plane positions are designed and the shapes of the transducers are straight. The different section plane position changes with the length l2 of front cover. That is to say, the longer l2 is, the more front the position of the section is. The experiment indicates the great influence of the section plane position on the transducer performance.With the increase of the length of the front cover, the dynamic resistance reduces gradually, and the resonance frequency and the anti-resonance frequency also reduce. Under this condition, the anti-resonance frequency declines more sharply, and the mechanical quality factor increases gradually, but the effective mechanical and electrical coupling coefficient reduces gradually. The transducer has different measure targets in different situations. Therefore, different parameters may be primordially considered to be designed according to the actual use of the transducer in this paper. This provides the reference for manufacture and use of transducers.
The Numerical Simulation Analysis of Fracture Properties and Restoring Force Characteristics of Bare Base of Steel Column
Authors: Guo Huai Ren , Chu Yun Peng
Published: February 2011

The design of steel column base plays a very important role in steel structure design. Through large-scale analysis software ANSYS, this paper analyzes the steel column base by finite element numerical simulation nonlinear analysis,and discuss the fracture behavior and restoring force characteristics of steel pipe column in different thickness and axial compression ratio,and the link between the two. The results showed that, (1) the section of most likely break focus on the bottom of vertical load plane in the middle of the steel column base. (2) with the increase of thickness, anti-cracking ability increased gradually.(3) Axial compression ratio of the specimen has little effect for anti-cracking ability relatively. (4) With the increase of anti-cracking ability, the seismic behavior of specimens gets heightened.
Influences of Moisture Expansion on Motion Errors of Granite Hydrostatic Guideways
Authors: Xue Fei , Zhao Wan Hua , Chen Yao Long
Published: February 2011

Granite is a kind of high damping material with low thermal expansion, so it is widely used in aerostatic guideways. However, moisture expansion may occur when the granite works in a moist environment, so the applicability of granite to oil hydrostatic guideways is investigated in this paper. By error modeling for a typical closed hydrostatic guideway with four pads, it is shown that the motion errors are mainly determined by geometric errors of the rails when film stiffness of each pads are equal. Experiments on rails of Jinan Dark Green granite are carried out, and the results show the rail straightness variation by the moisture expansion may be less than 1μm/300mm. According to the previous analysis on the error averaging mechanism of hydrostatic guideways, the motion straightness variation may be less than 0.1μm/300mm. In addition, the thickness variation may be less than one ten-thousandth of the rail thickness and the viscosity of liquid has little influence on the moisture expansion.
Photoresponsive Properties of a Azobenzene-Based Polyacrylamide Copolymer
Authors: Zhao Yi Ping , Zhang Yu Xin , Zhang Qing Song , Chen Li
Published: February 2011

A novel copolymer of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylamido azobenzene) consisting of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylamido azobenzene (AAAB) was synthesized via a free-radical polymerization route by using 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The investigation of UV spectra of the copolymer aqueous solution that exposed to UV irradiation revealed that p(AAm-co-AAAB) possessed good UV photoresponsive properties. The photoresponsibility was proposed to stem from reversible transformation between cis and trans isomers of azobenzene groups in the side chains. The concentration and molar ratio of copolymer have some influence on the photoresponsive behaviors.
Test Device for Research of Heat Conduction in Plasticization Processes of Natural Materials
Authors: Malujda Ireneusz
Published: February 2011

The purpose of modelling the processes of compression and thermal softening of particulate, as well as porous and anisotropic materials is to determine the critical stress condition which initiates plastic flow of the material. This value is critical for the effectiveness of thermal softening process and depends on the thermo-mechanical parameters of the material and the key parameters of the process itself [2,4]. As it has been proven by research, the strength of materials such as wood and sawdust evidently decreases with the increase of temperature, influenced also by the moisture content of the material. For determining the distribution of temperature in a layer of thermally softened material it is indispensable to determine the heat transfer coefficient. This paper presents a test fixture for measuring heat conduction in natural composites materials, allowing for the effect of temperature, developed by the author.
Research on Properties of Al2O3-Based Cermets Inert Anode
Authors: Mu Jie Chen , Zhang Li Peng
Published: February 2011

The cermets were prepared for aluminum electrolysis as inert anode. The microstructure of cermets inter anode was dense , the crystal of cermets growth ideally. The electric conductivity was stable and good, had the electric conductivity property of the semiconductor. The conductivity increased with temperature increasing. Electrolysis was conducted 12h at 850°C in cryolite molten salt(CR=2.0, Al2O3 comtent 5.0% ), and the anodic current density was 1.0 A/cm2.The results showed that the cermets inert anode had high anti-oxidation, corrosion resistance and high conductivity. The back electromotive force was 2.45V, the decomposition voltage was 2.18V, the conductivity at 850°C was 47S/cm, the annual corrosion rate was 23.68 mm/year.
Efficacy Rack Angle on the Orthogonal Machining of AA5083 in the Cutting Force
Authors: Davoodi Behnam , Momeni Mohammad Bagher , Ghasemi Faramarz Ashenai
Published: February 2011

In recent years technology manufacturing is expanding daily. Modern machining industry has found a special place. The separation chip forming process, pieces produced. Selection tool this role in determining the quality and cost of production is part. Predicted forces from entering the tool are important. Experimental measurement of tool forces entered by the dynamometer is time consuming and expensive. For modeling machining finite element method (FEM) with fundamental criterion Johnson - Cook for Aluminum alloy 5083, software ABAQUS was used. In this paper rake angle, speed of cutting and force cutting during chip forming were discussed. Research shows that the simulation results are consistent with experiments. Simulation capability provided accurate predictions of forces into instruments for Aluminum alloy is 5083.
High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of NiAl and Ni3Al Argon Arc Claddings
Authors: Tan Xiao Xia , Liu Zong De
Published: February 2011

NiAl and Ni3Al intermetallic compound claddings are prepared by argon arc cladding technology on the 16Mn steel substrate. These claddings were oxidized for 100 hours at 850 and the oxide quality of each sample was recorded every 10 hours. The results show that the NiAl and Ni3Al claddings have homogeneous structure and few defects, and form excellent metallurgical bonding with the matrix. The oxidation kinetics results show that, the oxidation weight gain rate of NiAl was more stable than Ni3Al and tended to zero earlier. Oxide layer spallation of Ni3Al cladding was more serious than that of NiAl cladding. Thus, NiAl argon arc cladding has the more excellent high temperature oxidation properties than Ni3Al argon arc cladding.
Functional Steel Hardness and Wear Improving on a Basis of Phenomena of Grain Boundaries Phase Transition
Authors: Minaev Yury A.
Published: February 2011

Based on the phenomena the grain boundaries first-order phase transition in range 0.55 – 0.86 of metal melting point with formation of two-dimensional liquid was elaborated the technology of coatings by synthesis of nitrides using of gaseous nitrogen. It was studied the steel elements for forcing-lift of diesel after nitriding. The creation of a concentration gradient of summary nitrogen (from 1.9 up to 0.5 % at) in a layer of alloy up to 3 mm from a surface results in forming graded coatings with step changes of properties. The mechanical behavior of new tools with high surface resistance to wear are defined of the combination of high hardness (800-1000 Hv[GPa]) of surface coatings (enriched of a nanosize nitrides) with high impact toughness of transitional to matrix layer. The tools life times improved more then 1.5 – 2.5 times.
Effect of High Magnetic Field on Phase Transformation of 7055 Alloy during Homogenization
Authors: He Li Zi , Li Xie Hua , Cui Jian Zhong
Published: February 2011

The microstructural evolutions of 7055 aluminum alloy after single and two-step homogenization with or without applying 12T high magnetic field were investigated. The as-cast microstructures of 7055 alloy consist of α+AlZnMgCu eutectics, Al7Cu2Fe phase and AlTiCuFe phase. During homogenization, coarse α+AlZnMgCu eutectics located at interdendritic region become smaller, discontinuous and spheroidized, some of them transform into Al2CuMg (S) having a higher melting point. High magnetic field significantly accelerates the dissolution of α+AlZnMgCu eutectics and S phase. The least amount of α+AlZnMgCu eutectics and S phase is obtained when the alloy homogenized at 4650C/10h+4850C/8h under 12T high magnetic field.
Study on the Solidification Structures of Al-Fe-Si Alloy under DC and AC Magnetic Fields
Authors: Ban Chun Yan , Zhang Xu , Qian Peng , Han Yi , Cui Jian Zhong
Published: February 2011

The effects of DC and AC magnetic field on the phase composition, morphology and distribution of the ternary Al-Fe-Si alloy were investigated. The solidification structures of the alloy solidified with and without the application of magnetic fields were confirmed by DSC and structural measurements. The results showed that, in this Al-Fe-Si alloy the fine needle-like Al3Fe phase dominated the microstructure at the grain boundaries with the minor amount of Chinese script-like α-AlFeSi. Distribution of Al3Fe phase was almost homogeneous in the volume of the sample when alloy was solidified in the conventional condition. When the DC magnetic field was imposed, distribution of Al3Fe phase was more homogeneous. However, the Al3Fe and α-AlFeSi phases were accumulated towards the center of the sample with the application of the AC magnetic field. This is due to the difference of Lorentz force between Al matrix and iron-containing intermetallics. Furthermore, the amount of Chinese script-like α-AlFeSi was increased remarkably under AC magnetic field.
Rheological Behavior of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Filling through Micro Channels
Authors: Xu Bin , Lu Yu Bin , Li Guang Ming , Xue Song , Xiang Bei Ping
Published: February 2011

With the rapid development of micro injection molding, the determination of melt rheological behavior within micro mold cavity is very important for the accurate simulation modeling. Yet several investigations show the viscosity of melt decreases with the reduction of micro channel characteristic size, but there has been no sufficient experimental data for the conclusion. In this paper, depending on the capillary flow model, the measurement experiments of polymer melt viscosity were investigated when Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) was extruded through the micro channel dies of 1000μm ,500μm and 350μm diameter. Test results show that, as micro-channel size decreases, the viscosity increases and the difference of viscosities in different micro channels reduces with increasing shear rate. This indicates microscopic scale melt rheological behavior of PMMA is different from that of other materials.
Residual Stress State of TIG Remelted Zone in the Weld Toe after Chilling Treatment
Authors: Zhu Ping , Jin Cheng , Shi Chun Yuan
Published: February 2011

Using the software named ABAQUS, the residual stress distributions of welding toes for the Q345C butt joints and T-joints are simulated, respectively. The simulations are performed in three cases which are as-welded, TIG remelting after welding, and chilling treatment for the welding toes after TIG remelting at different temperatures, respectively. The stress measurement is performed for these areas using the blind-hole method. The results of measurement and numerical simulation indicate that the residual stresses for the surface of the welding toes can be transformed into the biaxial compression stress when the TIG remelting zone temperature of welding toes is above 450 °C,which is availible for the improvement of fatigue strength of welded joints.
Mass Customization Management in E-Commerce Configuration with early Supplier Involvement
Authors: Ni Yan Ting , Li Jing Min , Wang Yi , Yao Jin
Published: February 2011

In terms of transforming supply chain into integrated value systems, the benefits of Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) in product development have been widely accepted. As far as variety management and online configuration are concerned, the difficulties of ESI in online mass customization manifest themselves through two main aspects: (1) Support the seamless information integration with respect to its high variety and large volume not only among internal functions but also with external suppliers; (2) Support real-time online configuration for product configuration generation and optimization based on customer requirements and supplier capabilities. Accordingly, this work proposes two potential solutions. PFA-based integrated information model is established to synchronize the PFA generic structure and supplier product information.
Structure of Emulsion Cavitation Jet and Jet Peening Impact on the Fatigue of Plan Carbon Steel Q235A
Authors: Sun Zhi , Sui Yan Wei , Li Jun , Zhou Yan Ni
Published: February 2011

Due to developing the strengthening effect of liquid jet peening on the surface modification for metallic materials, in this study, an emulsion jet peening is produced by injecting a high-speed emulsion jet into an emulsion filled tank. The test system and fixed emulsion of cavitation jet was developed. High speed photography technique was used to observe and analysis the structure of emulsion cavitation jet at various upstream pressures . The results indicate that the structure of emulsion cavitation jet in terms of jet impact pressure, intensive degree and uniformity is better than that water jet. The jet structure depends on the jet pressure. The cavitation jet length increases rapidly at the initial stage and then it stabilizes after few milliseconds. The stabilized length of jet increases and the diverges angle decreases with increasing pressures. Specimens made of plan carbon steel (Q235A, China standard) were exposed to emulsion jet peening at the stand-off distances of 20 mm with a constant upstream pressure, 20 MPa for 60 s. The fatigue test shows that the crack initiation life by treatment of emulsion jet peening increases about 12.5% and 20.2% compared to water jet and unpeened specimen respectively.
Microstructure and Properties of Mo2FeB2 Cermet Coating by Induction Heating
Authors: Zhou Xiao Ping , Xu Yi Sheng , Hu Xin Bin
Published: February 2011

Mo2FeB2 Cermet Coating was deposited on Fe substrate by react flame spraying (RFS) process. Three different groups of specimens were prepared according to the change of induction heating treatment time. Comparative study of phase composition, microstructure, interfacial microstructure and bond strength of Mo2FeB2 Coating was carried out. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the Mo2FeB2 coating. The bond strength between the coatings and Fe substrates was measured with the pull-off test method according to the corresponding GB 8642-88 standard. Results indicated that the time of induction heating treatment greatly affected the microstructure, interfacial microstructure and bond strength of Mo2FeB2 coating. 13 seconds of induction heating treatment favoured the formation of a compact Mo2FeB2 Coating with the highest bond strength of approximately 60 MPa.
Research of Compress Anti-Surge Based on the Integral Separation PID Algorithm
Authors: Chen Huai Zhong
Published: February 2011

The original adjustment process of anti-surge control of the centrifugal compressor seriously wastes energy, and the traditional PID control is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. This paper designs an integral separation PID controller, the method can eliminate the integration accumulation on the one hand, and can take full advantage of integral control to eliminate static error and improve control precision on the other hand. Simulation results show that the method improves the optimization performance and the system dynamic performance is further improved.
Preparation of LaNi5 by FFC Cambridge Process
Authors: Gao Yun , Zhao Hui Xiao , Zhou Zheng , Mao Lei , Peng Man Hua
Published: February 2011

A new technique was proposed for preparation of LaNi5 powder by direct electrolytic deoxidation of solid La2O3–NiO mixture oxides in molten CaCl2–NaCl. Oxides pellets was sintered and used as cathode. High – density graphite was used as anode. Electrolysis was performed. Current change during electrolysis was recorded. XRD was used to analyse the composition of products. SEM was used to analysis surface and cross section of pellets before sintering, after sintering and after electrolysis. The preparation mechanism and the influences of sintering temperature and cell voltage on electrolytic deoxidation was studied. Results show that the optimum conditions to prepare LaNi5 are：NiO-La2O3（Ni:La=5:1）pellets are formed at 30MPa, sintered at 850°C for 5h, electrolyzed under 3.2V in CaCl2–NaCl melt at 850°C for more than 12 hours.
Preparation and Application of Oxygen Quenching Pressure Sensitive Paints
Authors: Yu Rong Sheng , Yan Hua , Wang Xue Mei , Zha Zhong Yong
Published: February 2011

This paper used the pressure sensitive paints(PSP) as the experimental object, the organic silicon type of the 9801 is selected as one of the best binder. Fluorescence characteristics and oxygen quenching coefficient were studied on PSP with different pyrene contents. The result shows that the fluorescence intensity in Monomer Emission is gradually reduced with the increase of the content of pyrene in paint, but the fluorescence intensity in Excimer Emission is gradually increased. With the increase of the content of pyrene in PSP, oxygen quenching coefficient shows a normal distribution, it can be up to 21%.
Research of Radial-Axial Ring Rolling Process Curve
Authors: Lu Ji Ping , Zuo Jian Hua , Tang Shui Yuan , Wang Yue Guang
Published: February 2011

During the rolling process of big size parts, crinkle and hollows often appear in the surfaces. The reason of producing the defects is that the motions of the rolling mill tool are not consistent with the deformation of the part. On the basis of the principle of radial-axial ring rolling, a dynamics model is put forward. The relationship between part deformation and motion parameters is set up. The stress and strain of the part are simulated in the Finite Element Method by DEFORM software. A ring rolling process curve is defined. The rolling process is controlled by the curve. It is able to make the deformation of the part be consistent with the process parameters, and improve the product quality.
Study on Relationship between the Groove Structure and Efficiency of Electromagnetic Pump Used in Aluminum Alloy Casting
Authors: Hou Ji Bo , Liu Yun , Peng You Gen , Huang Ren Jie
Published: February 2011

The relationship between the groove structure of the direct current plane electromagnetic pump and efficiency has been investigated in this paper. Methods By using mercury as working medium, experiments have been conducted through simulation of direct current plane electromagnetic pump. The comparision of efficiencies is obtained by measuring the values of hydrostatic head of various groove structures under the fixed working parameters are measured. The groove structure of the electromagnetic pump has a great influence on its hydrostatic head and its relative efficiency. Several important ways can be used to improve the efficiency of the electromagnetic pump including restraining the overflow of working current, optimizing the direction of the electrolines, reducing the inner surface area of the groove and increasing the entrance force.
Dispersion of Carbon Fibers in the Hybrid Fiber Cement-Matrix Composites
Authors: Gao Li Xiong , Kong Li Juan
Published: February 2011

The resistivity of samples made with different shaping technology or dispersers have been measured, and researched the dispersiveness of carbon fibers. It is observed that the resistivity of the hybrid fiber cement-matrix composites could be improved greatly by adding disperser and adopting rational shaping technology.
Sliding Friction and Wear Test of TiAlN TiN Films and 40Cr Steel
Authors: Lu Long , Ren Ming Hao , Jiang Tao
Published: February 2011

40Cr steel substrate is coated with TiAlN/TiN films by Multi-arc ion technology. The properties of sliding friction and wear on the surfaces of TiAlN/TiN films and substrate are tested by using the machine of friction and wear. The carrying capacity and tribological properties are investigated. The surface morphology of wear specimens is observed and the elements of wear scar center are analyzed. The results show that the friction coefficient of TiAlN/TiN films is lower than 40Cr under the same conditions. The wear scar of TiAlN/TiN films is lower and the wear loss is fewer than 40Cr. The TiAlN/TiN films can successfully reduce friction and wear resistance.
Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Ni-Doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Crystals
Authors: Yang Lin Lin , Wang Yong Gang , Wang Yu Jiang , Wang Xiao Feng
Published: February 2011

Ni-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals were synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and magnetic property measurement system (MPMS). Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been observed in Ni-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals. It was found that the magnetism of NBT crystals can be controlled by Ni doping concentration. The magnetism of the Ni-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals develops from diamagnetism to ferromagnetism and paramagnetism on increasing Ni doping concentration from 0 to 1.25mol %. The results presented in this study may provide an approach to widely exploring more multiferroic materials.
Research about Relationship of Laser Quenching GCr15 Steel Bending Properties and Hardening Layer Fracture Fractal Dimension
Authors: Yan Yan , Lei Sheng , Liu An Zhong
Published: February 2011

The GCr15 steel specimens were treated through laser transformation hardening technology. Influence of the laser transformation hardened layers on the bending strength and flexural deflection of the specimens was studied through three-point bend tests. Fractal dimensions of the hardened layer fracture were calculated by image processing. The results show that the bending strength and flexural deflection of the specimens are decreased obviously after the laser quenching and failure mechanism also changes, which causes the decrease of fracture toughness and the plasticity in the laser transformation hardened layers. There are relationships between laser quenching GCr15 steel bending properties and hardened layer fracture fractal dimension.
Structure and Property of CrAlN Coatings Prepared by Bipolar Pulsed Dual Magnetron Sputtering (BPDMS) under Different Pulse Bias Voltage
Authors: Li Ming Sheng , Fan Yong Zhong , Zhang Shu Juan , Feng Chang Jie
Published: February 2011

Recently, Cr-Al-N coatings have received more and more attention of researchers owing to its standing-out mechanical performances and superior chemical stability. In this present work, CrAlN ternary coatings were deposited by a bipolar pulsed dual magnetron sputtering (BPDMS) method and the effects of substrate negative bias on deposition rate, structure, hardness and adhesion of the coatings were investigated. The application of appropriate negative substrate bias voltage leads to dense structure, high hardness and excellent adhesion for CrAlN coatings.
Study of Double-Polar Micro-Arc Oxidation Ceramic Layers on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Hao Jian Min , Chen Hong , Li Dong Xiao , Li Lian Ping
Published: February 2011

In this paper, LY12 alloy was processed by Plasma Micro-arc Oxidation (MAO) technique. When the aluminum alloy was processed by MAO with positive pulses and positive-negative pulses, the latter turned on a slowly growing speed, low surface roughness and high surface micro-rigidity for the layers. The aluminum alloy was set on both anode and cathode, and was processed by MAO at the same time. The number of positive pulses and negative pulses greatly changed the layers. When four positive pulses and four negative pulses are applied, the layer grows quickly and its surface roughness decreases remarkably. Compared with mono-polar MAO, the aluminum alloy MAO ceramic layers processed by the double-polar MAO grow efficiently, and the layer performances improve at the same time.
Experimental Study on the Through-Mask Electrochemical Micromachining (EMM) Process
Authors: Wang Quan Dai , Xiao Ji Ming , Li Yan
Published: February 2011

Surface texturing is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction in mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical micromachining (EMM) is a simple and reliable process for mass manufacturing of microstructure array on metal surface. However, to obtain engineered surface texture with a prescribed shape, size, orientation, and distribution to investigate how forms and shapes of surface texturing affect the tribological properties on interacting surfaces, the machining conditions still need to be optimized. In this work, the electroetching conditions involving the formulation of the electrolyte, voltage, current density, machining gap and agitation method are optimized. With the optimized conditions, the ordered microstructures with a feature size down to 5m and smooth etched surface in large-scale are obtained and the preliminary friction drag reduction effect of the textured surface is demonstrated.
Numerical and Experiment Analysis of Rail Wear
Authors: Wang Cai Yun , Shen Peng , Zhong Wen , Liu Qi Yue
Published: February 2011

The rolling contact wear is a severe problem and meets with much widespread interest in the world. This paper describes an numerical method and simulation experiment investigation on the rail wear affected by the curve radius and axle load etc. The creep force ,stick/slip areas of contact particles, and friction work of wheel/rail in static condition are analyzed by kalker’s program CONTACT. The effect of curve radius and axle load on rolling wear behaviour of rail is investigated by simulation experiment. The results of numerical and experiment indicates that with the decreasing of curve radius and the increasing of axle load, the wear value of rail increase nonlinearly, especially in the condition of the curve radius is less than 1200m,the wear value of rail increase rapidly. And with the decrease of curve radius, the maximum slippage decrease gradually, and the stick areas decrease while the slip areas increase. The growth speed of friction work of wheel/rail in the condition of smaller curve radius and heavier axle load is faster than in the condition of larger curve radius (straigth line) and lighter axle load.
The Application and Research for Estimation Method of Turning Cost
Authors: Li Kai Shi , Huang Wen Quan , Liu Hai Jun
Published: February 2011

The paper introduces a estimation method of turning cost applied to various kinds of lathe. The method can estimate the lathe machining cost of product in initial design and feedback the cost information for the designers improvement design and improve the market competitiveness of product.
Research on Stress Calibration Technology on Aluminum of High-Speed Train Body Structure by Nondestructive X-Ray Method Measurement
Authors: Ji Hua , Chen Hui , Gou Guo Qing , Li Da , Liu Yan , Chen Wen Bin
Published: February 2011

X-ray diffraction method has been employed to calibrate the stress of 6082 aluminum alloy which has been widely used among modern industrial products. Based on elastic tensile conditions, by designing rod sample of uniform intensity calibration (RSUIC), the stress measurement by X-ray diffraction method has been verificated by using elastic tensile theory calculation method and electrometric method. The results show that the stress measured by the tensile stress theoretical calculation, electrometric method and X-ray diffraction method was in good accordance with each other. And the matching relation between the surface stress measured by X-ray diffraction and the internal stress is investigated. The research will lay a foundation for the application of iXRD stress instrument for nondestructive measuring the welding residual stress of aluminum alloy.