bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Losing the Discursive Battle but Winning the Ideological War: Who Holds Thatcherite Values Now?
Authors: Farrall Stephen , Gray Emily , Jones Phil Mike , Hay Colin
Published: February 2021

In what ways, if at all, do past ideologies shape the values of subsequent generations of citizens? Are public attitudes in one period shaped by the discourses and constructions of an earlier generation of political leaders? Using Thatcherism – one variant of the political New Right of the 1980s – as the object of our enquiries, this article explores the extent to which an attitudinal legacy is detectable among the citizens of the UK some 40 years after Margaret Thatcher first became Prime Minister. Our article, drawing on survey data collected in early 2019 (n = 5781), finds that younger generations express and seemingly embrace key tenets of her and her governments’ philosophies. Yet at the same time, they are keen to describe her government’s policies as having ‘gone too far’. Our contribution throws further light on the complex and often covert character of attitudinal legacies. One reading of the data suggests that younger generations do not attribute the broadly Thatcherite values that they hold to Thatcher or Thatcherism since they were socialised politically after such values had become normalised.
Creating Critical Literacy Praxis: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice
Authors: Weng Tsung-han
Published: February 2021

Although research in critical literacy has long been conducted in English as a second language contexts, a modicum of critical literacy research in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts in which English is seldom used outside the classroom environment has also been undertaken. This article aims to discuss the introduction of critical literacy in the Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages (TESOL) profession, which has been neglected by TESOL researchers and practitioners in EFL contexts. The article reviews and synthesizes the existing literature by providing conceptualizations of the critical literacy approach to TESOL, examples of critical literacy implementation, and the benefits and challenges of implementing critical literacy pedagogy. The article concludes by calling for more critical literacy research in EFL contexts.
Similar or Different? A Comparison of Traditional Classroom and Smart Classroom’s Teaching Behavior in China
Authors: Yi Suping , Yun Ruwei , Duan Ximin , Lu Yefeng
Published: February 2021

In the “Internet+” era, to understand the difference between the traditional classroom and smart classroom, this study uses the current domestic and foreign classroom teaching behavior research methods as a starting point and analyzes the teaching behaviors in classrooms from six dimensions: resource sharing, teacher lecturing, teacher–student interaction, group cooperation, autonomous learning, and evaluation feedback. A data analysis method is used to conduct a complete statistical study on the teaching behaviors of the 40 lessons selected in the first smart classroom innovation teaching competition in Jiangsu Province, and the analysis results show that there are significant differences in teacher–student interaction, group cooperation, autonomous learning, and evaluation feedback in the smart classroom and the traditional classroom. There is no significant difference in data analysis between resource sharing and teacher teaching, but through further video observation and analysis, the two still show the difference in the actual classroom.
Exploring Diverse Sources of Linguistic Influence on International Tourism Flows
Authors: Khalid Usman , Okafor Luke Emeka , Sanusi Olajide Idris
Published: February 2021

This study uses a gravity framework to explore the impact of diverse sources of linguistic influence on international tourism flows. The diverse sources of linguistic influence are captured using a common language index derived from a common native language, a common official language, and linguistic proximity. Our results reveal that linguistic factors as captured by common language index promote international tourism flows. The positive impact of linguistic ties on tourism flows is not only observed in the country-pairs that share an official language, it is also found in pairs that share unofficial native languages, that contain minority groups united by a common language, or that use closely related languages—all features captured by the language index. The analysis demonstrates that an index of common language is methodologically superior to other measures of linguistic similarity, including the dummy variable for a common official language that currently dominates the international tourism literature.
What Are the Disciples Doing around Paul? The ‘Ring-Dance’ in Acts 14.20a
Authors: Glover Daniel B.
Published: February 2021

Acts 14.20a contains a peculiar genitive absolute phrase that has been consistently overlooked by scholars and commentators. After Paul is stoned in Lystra and dragged out of the city, Luke notes that the disciples ‘encircle’ him before he gets up (ἀναστὰς). These disciples seem to appear from nowhere, and the standard interpretive options for their ‘encircling’ fall short. In this article, I evaluate all the available interpretive options and suggest that this ‘encircling’ is best understood as a ring-dance, an early Christian practice about which little is known today. I conclude that the ring-dance supplies the best explanation for the sudden appearance of the disciples and has some important implications both for our knowledge concerning the significance of this motif in early Christian literature as well as for Luke’s characterization of Paul.
Modeling Asymmetry in the Time–Distance Relation of Ordinal Personality Items
Authors: Molenaar Dylan , Rózsa Sandor , Kõ Natasa
Published: February 2021

In analyzing responses and response times to personality questionnaire items, models have been proposed which include the so-called “inverted-U effect.” These models predict that response times to personality test items decrease as the latent trait value of a given person gets closer to the attractiveness of an item. Initial studies into these models have focused on dichotomous personality items, and more recently, models for Likert-type scale items have been proposed. In all these models, it is assumed that the inverted-U effect is symmetrical around 0, while, as will be explained in this article, there are substantive and statistical reasons to study this assumption. Therefore, in this article, a general inverted-U model is proposed which accommodates two sources of asymmetry between the response times and the attractiveness of the items. The viability of this model is demonstrated in a simulation study, and the model is applied to the responses and response times of the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised, covering a broad range of personality dimensions.
Informational features of WhatsApp in everyday life in Madrid: An exploratory study
Authors: Martínez-Comeche Juan-Antonio , Ruthven Ian
Published: February 2021

WhatsApp is one of the most used social media tools, but little is known about its use for everyday purposes. In this study, the informational features of WhatsApp in everyday life in Madrid are analysed through 30 semi-structured interviews, resulting in an informational typology of the messages, a description of the informational purposes of WhatsApp use and descriptions of the social use of WhatsApp. We conclude that WhatsApp allows us to deepen our understanding of the informational habits of people in everyday life.
Review of the Technical, Toxicological, and PKPD Considerations for Conducting Inhalation Toxicity Studies on Biologic Pharmaceuticals—The Outcome of a Cross-Industry Working Group Survey
Authors: Wolfreys Alison , Kilgour Jo , Allen Andrew D. , Dudal Sherri , Freke Mark , Jones David , Karantabias George , Krantz Carsten , Moore Simon , Mukaratirwa Sidney , Price Mark , Tepper Jeffrey , Cauvin Annick , Manetz Scott , Robinson Ian
Published: February 2021

The inhaled route is still a relatively novel route for delivering biologics and poses additional challenges to those encountered with inhaled small molecules, further complicating the design and interpretation of toxicology studies. A working group formed to summarize the current knowledge of inhaled biologics across industry and to analyze data collated from an anonymized cross-industry survey comprising 12 inhaled biologic case studies (18 individual inhalation toxicity studies on monoclonal antibodies, fragment antibodies, domain antibodies, oligonucleotides, and proteins/peptides). The output of this working group provides valuable insights into the issues faced when conducting toxicology studies with inhaled biologics, including common technical considerations on aerosol generation, use of young and sexually mature nonhuman primates, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, exposure and immunogenicity assessment, maximum dose setting, and no observed adverse effect levels determination. Although the current data set is too small to allow firm conclusions, testing of novel biologics remains an active area and is likely to remain so for molecules where delivery via the inhaled route is beneficial. In the future, it is hoped others will continue to share their experiences and build on the conclusions of this review to further improve our understanding of these complex issues and, ultimately, facilitate the safe introduction of inhaled biologics into clinical use.
How do college musicians self-manage musical performance anxiety: Strategies through time periods and types of performance
Authors: Huang Wei-Lin , Song Bei
Published: February 2021

Musical performance anxiety (MPA) occurs throughout musicians’ careers. The existing literature on coping with MPA is underdeveloped in its understanding of how college musicians develop their own coping strategies. This article explores the ways in which MPA is self-managed by college musicians, drawing on qualitative data from the local context of Taiwan. A ‘performance diary’ for managing MPA was prepared and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 53 undergraduate students (from Year 1 to Year 4) from a university’s music department. The findings show that college musicians have developed at least nine self-management strategies, which they implement throughout a specific timeline leading up to a performance, from 4 weeks before right up to the performance (concert, exam and recital) itself. These strategies are products of musicians’ self-regulated learning process of developing their own expertise and building up their self-efficacy. The findings also reveal that providing information about psychological strategies in a performance diary could help musicians to become aware of MPA and develop their metacognition of coping strategies. Highlighting the importance of the specific time periods, types of performance and performance environments, this article has implications for college musicians, teachers and institutions that are looking to develop MPA-management strategies.
Developing a new national MDMA policy: Results of a multi-decision multi-criterion decision analysis
Authors: van Amsterdam Jan , Peters Gjalt-Jorn Ygram , Pennings Ed , Blickman Tom , Hollemans Kaj , Breeksema Joost J Jacobus , Ramaekers Johannes G , Maris Cees , van Bakkum Floor , Nabben Ton , Scholten Willem , Reitsma Tjibbe , Noijen Judith , Koning Raoul , van den Brink Wim
Published: February 2021

Background:

Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) has a relatively low harm and low dependence liability but is scheduled on List I of the Dutch Opium Act (‘hard drugs’). Concerns surrounding increasing MDMA-related criminality coupled with the possibly inappropriate scheduling of MDMA initiated a debate to revise the current Dutch ecstasy policy.

Methods:

An interdisciplinary group of 18 experts on health, social harms and drug criminality and law enforcement reformulated the science-based Dutch MDMA policy using multi-decision multi-criterion decision analysis (MD-MCDA). The experts collectively formulated policy instruments and rated their effects on 25 outcome criteria, including health, criminality, law enforcement and financial issues, thematically grouped in six clusters.

Results:

The experts scored the effect of 22 policy instruments, each with between two and seven different mutually exclusive options, on 25 outcome criteria. The optimal policy model was defined by the set of 22 policy instrument options which gave the highest overall score on the 25 outcome criteria. Implementation of the optimal policy model, including regulated MDMA sales, decreases health harms, MDMA-related organised crime and environmental damage, as well as increases state revenues and quality of MDMA products and user information. This model was slightly modified to increase its political feasibility. Sensitivity analyses showed that the outcomes of the current MD-MCDA are robust and independent of variability in weight values.

Conclusion:

The present results provide a feasible and realistic set of policy instrument options to revise the legislation towards a rational MDMA policy that is likely to reduce both adverse (public) health risks and MDMA-related criminal burden.
Role of neurorehabilitative treatment using transcranial magnetic stimulation in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Formica Caterina , De Salvo Simona , Corallo Francesco , Alagna Antonella , Logiudice Anna Lisa , Todaro Antonino , Bramanti Placido , Marino Silvia
Published: February 2021

Disorders of consciousness (DOC) result from brain injuries that cause functional changes in vigilance, awareness and behaviour. It is important to correctly diagnose DOC so that the most appropriate rehabilitation treatments can be initiated. Several studies in DOC patients have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has an important role to play in the recovery of consciousness as highlighted by monitoring clinical scale scores. Although studies indicate that rTMS can be used to aid recovery, it is not combined with other rehabilitative cognitive treatments. As of December 2018, there have been no studies published that combined DOC cognitive rehabilitation with TMS. This current review describes the use of rTMS as a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, as distinct from its use as a tool to investigate residual cortical activity, in terms of its possible therapeutic effects including cognitive rehabilitation. Literature searches were undertaken to identify all relevant studies. The available evidence suggests that rTMS may have an important role to play in in monitoring brain function during recovery and making other intensive rehabilitation treatments more effective, such as sensorial stimulations and cognitive training in patients after a severe acquired brain injury. Further research is required to establish the usefulness of rTMS treatment in DOC rehabilitation.
High expression of tissue O-linked glycans is associated with a malignant phenotype of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Talabnin Krajang , Talabnin Chutima , Khiaowichit Juthamas , Sutatum Nuchanard , Asavaritikrai Pundit , Suksaweang Sanong , Tongtawee Taweesak , Ishihara Mayumi , Azadi Parastoo , Sripa Banchob
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the expression of O-linked glycoprotein glycans in tissue of patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with adjacent normal tissue.

Methods

Sixty patients with cholangiocarcinoma were included in the study. Permethylated O-linked glycans from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue were analyzed using nano-spray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Histochemistry of peanut agglutinin lectin was used for detection and localization of galactose (Gal) 1, N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) 1.

Results

O-linked glycans from patients with cholangiocarcinoma were composed of di- to hexa-saccharides with a terminal galactose and sialic acids (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc]). A total of eight O-linked glycan structures were detected. Gal1GalNAc1 and Gal2 N-acetyl-glucosamine 1 GalNAc1 expression was significantly higher in tissue from patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with adjacent normal tissue, while NeuAc1Gal1GalNAc1 expression was significantly lower. High Gal1GalNAc1 expression was significantly associated with the late stage of cholangiocarcinoma (stages II–IV), lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion.

Conclusion

Our study shows expression of O-linked glycans in progression of cholangiocarcinoma and highlights the association of Gal1GalNAc1 with lymphatic and vascular invasion of cholangiocarcinoma.
Application of virtual scenario simulation combined with problem-based learning for paediatric medical students
Authors: Peng Wan-Sheng , Wang Lian , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhen , Wu Yu-Meng , Sang Xu , Zhou Rui , Xu Jia-Li , Chen Xin
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To examine the application and effects of virtual scenario simulation combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in teaching paediatric medical students.

Methods

Participants were 300 paediatric medical students randomly divided into a study group and control group. Students in the study group were taught using virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL; students in the control group were taught using conventional teaching methods. Academic performance, knowledge of paediatrics, self-evaluation of comprehensive ability and degree of learning satisfaction were evaluated.

Results

Students in the study group showed considerably higher academic performance and noticeably higher classroom performance. Paediatric knowledge, comprising initiating communication, collecting information, giving information, understanding the paediatric patient and concluding communication, was higher for students in the study group. The degree of learning satisfaction was higher for students in the study group.

Conclusion

Virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL can effectively improve students’ academic performance, mastery of paediatric knowledge, comprehensive ability evaluation and learning satisfaction. The broader application of this approach should be explored for medical student education.
Refeeding syndrome in a woman with pancreatitis: a case report
Authors: Lo Gullo Alberto , Rifici Carmela , Caliri Santina , Donato Antonina , De Cola Maria Cristina , Di Cara Marcella , Corallo Francesco , Bramanti Placido , Giuffrida Clemente
Published: February 2021

Refeeding syndrome can occur in malnourished patients with acute pancreatitis who have electrolyte imbalances. Refeeding syndrome is characterized by severe electrolyte imbalances (mainly hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia), vitamin deficiency (mainly thiamine deficiency), fluid overload, and salt retention resulting in organ dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias. We herein report a case involving a patient with severe pancreatitis and gallbladder stones who developed refeeding syndrome with shock and loss of consciousness. The patient was treated by opportune vitamin and electrolyte supplementation therapy and showed substantial improvement after 2 weeks of hospitalization, gaining the ability to eat small bites of solid food orally. Early diagnosis and treatment of refeeding syndrome may reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Patients should be fasted only if alimentation is contraindicated, and electrolyte values must be closely monitored.
Effect of regular third-trimester ultrasound examination on antenatal detection and perinatal outcomes of small for gestational age infants
Authors: Wang Yan , Wei Jun , Liu Guoli , Yan Yani , Yang Zhenjuan , Li Yuntao , Pei Qiuyan
Published: February 2021

Objective

To assess the effect of regular third-trimester ultrasound on antenatal detection and perinatal outcomes of small for gestational age (SGA) infants.

Methods

Data from SGA infants delivered at ≥28 weeks’ gestation were retrospectively studied. Each pregnancy had undergone three regular third-trimester ultrasound examinations, and data were grouped according to with or without antenatal ultrasound suspicion of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of perinatal outcomes were analysed.

Results

A total of 407 infants were included, comprising 268 (65.85%) with antenatal ultrasound suspicion of FGR. Antenatal suspicion of FGR was associated with increased risk of iatrogenic delivery (aRR 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31, 3.14) that included risk of preterm birth (aRR 10.61, 95% CI 1.35, 83.62) and elective caesarean section (aRR 1.306, 95% CI 1.051, 1.623). Differences in fetal death, 1-min Apgar score, and admission to neonatal intensive care unit were not statistically significant. Resuscitation risk was reduced (aRR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06, 0.79).

Conclusions

Regular use of third-trimester ultrasound in one teaching hospital in China showed satisfactory antenatal detection of FGR among SGA infants. Ultrasound suspicion of FGR was associated with higher incidence of iatrogenic deliveries, but not improved neonatal outcomes, except for reduced perinatal resuscitation.
Pricing of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed-Traffic Networks
Authors: Delle Site Paolo
Published: February 2021

For networks with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) only, pricing with arc-specific tolls has been proposed to achieve minimization of travel times in a decentralized way. However, the policy is hardly feasible from a technical viewpoint without connectivity. Therefore, for networks with mixed traffic of HDVs and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), this paper considers pricing in a scenario where only CAVs are charged. In contrast to HDVs, CAVs can be managed as individual vehicles or as a fleet. In the latter case, CAVs can be routed to minimize the travel time of the fleet of CAVs or that of the entire fleet of HDVs and CAVs. We have a selfish user behavior in the first case, a private monopolist behavior in the second, a social planner behavior in the third. Pricing achieves in a decentralized way the social planner optimum. Tolls are not unique and can take both positive and negative values. Marginal cost pricing is one solution. The valid toll set is provided, and tolls are then computed according to two schemes: one with positive tolls only and minimum toll expenditure, and one with both tolls and subsidies and zero net expenditure. Convergent algorithms are used for the mixed-behavior equilibrium (simplicial decomposition algorithm) and toll determination (cutting plane algorithm). The computational experience with three networks: a two-arc network representative of the classic town bypass case, the Nguyen-Dupuis network, and the Anaheim network, provides useful policy insight.
Custodiol-MP for ex vivo lung perfusion – A comparison in a porcine model of donation after circulatory determination of death
Authors: Kalka Katharina , Keldenich Zoe , Carstens Henning , Walter Björn , Rauen Ursula , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander , Kamler Markus , Reiner Gerald , Koch Achim
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is an established technique to evaluate and eventually recondition lungs prior to transplantation. Custodiol-MP (C-MP) solution is a new solution, designed for clinical machine perfusion, that has been used for kidneys. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of EVLP with Custodiol-MP on lung functional outcomes to the gold standard of EVLP with Steen Solution™.

Material and Methods:

In a porcine EVLP model of DCDD (Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death), lungs were perfused with Steen Solution™ (SS, n = 7) or Custodiol-MP solution supplemented with 55 g/l albumin (C-MP, n = 8). Lungs were stored cold for 4 h in low potassium dextran solution and subsequently perfused ex vivo for 4 h. During EVLP pulmonary gas exchange, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as well as levels of lactate in the perfusate were recorded hourly.

Results:

Oxygenation capacity differed significantly between groups (averaged over 4 h: SS 274 ± 178 mmHg; C-MP 284 ± 151 mmHg p = 0.025). Lactate dehydrogenase activities and lactate concentrations were significantly lower in Custodiol-MP perfused lungs. In a porcine model of DCDD with 4 h of EVLP the use of modified Custodiol-MP as perfusion solution was feasible. The use of C-MP showed at least comparable lung functional outcomes to the use of Steen SolutionTM. Furthermore C-MP perfusion resulted in significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels in the perfusate and higher oxygenation capacity.
Theorizing untranslatability: Temporalities and ambivalence in colonial literature of Taiwan and Korea
Authors: Chen Pei Jean
Published: February 2021

This paper theorizes and historicizes the ideas of modern language and translation and challenges the imperialist and nationalistic mode of worlding with the notion of ‘untranslatability’ that is embedded in the linguistic and cultural practices of colonial Taiwan and Korea. I redefine the notion of translation as a bordering system – the knowledge-production of boundaries, discrimination, and classification – that simultaneously creates the translatable and the untranslatable (i.e. the equivalence and incommensurability) in asymmetrical power relations. With this, I discuss how this ambivalence is embodied in the experiences of colonial writers Wu Yung-fu and Pak T’aewŏn and their novellas ‘Head and Body’ (1933) and ‘A Day in the life of Kubo the Novelist’ (1934). I illustrate two characteristics of the ambivalent untranslatability embedded in their novellas: the linguistic untranslatability and the experience of ‘unhomeness’. The linguistic untranslatability and unhomeness, I argue, result in the colonized’s dislocation in homogeneous time-space relationships, resulting to the incompletion of the modernization project through colonialism. At the same time untranslatability offers a site to explore the transnational space that crosses linguistic boundaries, and to caution against the legacy of colonialism.
Women in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery: An Analysis of Female Authorship in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Over the Last 10 Years
Authors: Swarnkar Pari , Sinha Vikram , Spake Carole , Crozier Joseph , Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Roussel Lauren O. , Borrelli Mimi R.
Published: February 2021

There is a significant gender gap in research conducted by women in plastic surgery. Previous work has not explored female authorship trends in cosmetic plastic surgery. We asked how authorship trends in cosmetic plastic surgery compare with those in plastic surgery overall, over the last 10 years. All the articles published in Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (JPRAS), Facial Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine (JAMA facial plastics), and Aesthetic Surgery Journal. (ASJ) in 2009, 2014, and 2019 were retrieved. The gender of the first and last author was determined. In addition, article type and total number of authors were extracted. Chi-square or Fisher exact test were performed to determine differences between groups Linear regression models were used to investigate whether total number of authors, or female last authorship predicted female first authorship. A total of 4358 articles were reviewed. Of these, 16.6% (n = 723) were published by a female first and/or last author. Percent of female first and/or last author increased with time, from only 12.2% in 2008, to 15.9% in 2014, reaching 21.7% in 2019. A total of 25% (n = 181) of randomized controlled trials were published by a female first and/or last author compared with only 14% (n = 440) of case studies. Female first and last authorship both increased across the 10-year study period, but there were consistently more female first authors than female last authors in all 3 surveyed years ( P < .001). There was an 86% increased chance of female first authorship if the last author was also female ( P < .001), and a 7% increased likelihood of female first authorship ( P = .002). Women have a lower representation in the cosmetic plastic surgery literature than men. This gender disparity gap, however, is decreasing. While encouraging, opportunities for improvement remain.
Leadership Development Programs for Radiology Residents: A Literature Review
Authors: Ahrari Aida , Abbas Aazad , Bhayana Rajesh , Harris Alison , Probyn Linda
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Leadership development has become increasingly important in medical education, including postgraduate training in the specialty of radiology. Since leadership skills may be acquired, there is a need to establish leadership education in radiology residency training. However, there is a paucity of literature examining the design, delivery, and evaluation of such programs. The purpose of this study is to collate and characterize leadership training programs across postgraduate radiology residencies found in the literature.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted. Relevant articles were identified through a search of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC databases from inception until June 22, 2020. English-language studies characterizing leadership training programs offered during postgraduate radiology residency were included. A search of the grey literature was completed via a web-based search for target programs within North America.

Results:

The literature search yielded 1168 citations, with 6 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Four studies were prospective case series and two were retrospective. There was heterogeneity regarding program structure, content, teaching methodology, and evaluation design. All programs were located in the United States. Outcome metrics and success of the programs was variably reported, with a mix of online and in person feedback used. The grey literature search revealed 3 American-based programs specifically catered to radiology residents, and none within Canada.

Conclusion:

The review highlighted a paucity of published literature describing leadership development efforts within radiology residency programs. The heterogeneity of programs highlighted the need for guidance from regulatory bodies regarding delivery of leadership curricula.
Development of the “Hamburg Best Practice Guidelines for ICV−Enzyme Replacement therapy (ERT) in CLN2 Disease” Based on 6 Years Treatment Experience in 48 Patients
Authors: Schwering Christoph , Kammler Gertrud , Wibbeler Eva , Christner Martin , Knobloch Johannes K.-M. , Nickel Miriam , Denecke Jonas , Baehr Michael , Schulz Angela
Published: February 2021

Intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy (ICV-ERT) for CLN2 disease represents the first approved treatment for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) diseases. It is the first treatment where a recombinant lysosomal enzyme, cerliponase alfa, is administered into the lateral cerebral ventricles to reach the central nervous system, the organ affected in CLN2 disease. If untreated, CLN2 children show first symptoms such as epilepsy and language developmental delay at 2-4 years followed by rapid loss of motor and language function, vision loss, and early death. Treatment with cerliponase alfa has shown to slow the rapid neurologic decline. However, the mode of administration by 4 hour-long intracerebroventricular infusions every 14 days represents a potentially greater risk of infection compared to intravenous enzyme replacement therapies. The Hamburg NCL Specialty Clinic was the first site worldwide to perform intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy in children with CLN2 disease. In order to ensure maximum patient safety, we analysed data from our center from more than 3000 intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapies in 48 patients over 6 years with regard to the occurrence of device-related adverse events and device infections. Since starting intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy, we have also developed and continuously improved the “Hamburg Best Practice Guidelines for ICV–Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) in CLN2 Disease.” Results from this study showed low rates for device-related adverse events and infections with 0.27% and 0.33%, respectively. Therefore, following our internal procedural guidelines has shown to improve standardization and patient safety of intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy for CLN2 disease.
Impact of electrostatic potential on microcapsule-formation and physicochemical analysis of surface structure: Implications for therapeutic cell-microencapsulation
Authors: Santos Ana Paula , Chevallier Sylvie Swyngedau , de Haan Bart , de Vos Paul , Poncelet Denis
Published: February 2021

Cell-encapsulation is used for preventing therapeutic cells from being rejected by the host. The technology to encapsulate cells in immunoprotective biomaterials, such as alginate, commonly involves application of an electrostatic droplet generator for reproducible manufacturing droplets of similar size and with similar surface properties. As many factors influencing droplet formation are still unknown, we investigated the impact of several parameters and fitted them to equations to make procedures more reproducible and allow optimal control of capsule size and properties. We demonstrate that droplet size is dependent on an interplay between the critical electric potential (Uc,), the needle size, and the distance between the needle and the gelation bath, and that it can be predicted with the equations proposed. The droplet formation was meticulously studied and followed by a high-speed camera. The X-ray photoelectron analysis demonstrated optimal gelation and substitution of sodium with calcium on alginate surfaces while the atomic force microscopy analysis demonstrated a low but considerable variation in surface roughness and low surface stiffness. Our study shows the importance of documenting critical parameters to guarantee reproducible manufacturing of beads with constant and adequate size and preventing batch-to-batch variations.
Polyvictimization, Sex Work, and Depressive Symptoms Among Transgender Women and Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Davis Jordan P. , Patel Prachi , Daniel Elkan E. , Karkal Shama , Rice Eric
Published: February 2021

This article examined the association among polyvictimization, sex work, and depressive symptomology among transgender women and men who have sex with men (MSM) in India. Data comes from a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,366 transgender women (from three states) and 2,182 MSM participants from five states of India. Multivariate regressions were used to examine how polyvictimization and sex work are associated with depressive symptoms. In total, 70% of transgender women and 44% of MSM participants in the sample reported being in sex work; 30% of transgender women and 17% of MSM reported at least one experience of abuse in last 6 months. In bivariate analysis, transgender women in sex work were more likely to report sexual abuse, and MSM in sex work more likely to report all types of abuse (physical, sexual, verbal, and property), compared to their peers. In multivariate models (with transgender women and MSM), increase in endorsement on types of abuses (polyvictimization) and being in sex work were associated with higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms. Both models controlled for age and marital status, while the model with transgender women also controlled for gender transitioning, and the model with MSM controlled for identity typology. National intervention program on HIV risk reduction must prioritize victimization screening and crisis management as part of their work. In addition, the interventions must be responsive to the diversity of the population, including those who engage in sex work, and address issues of access and support to gender transitioning services, and focus on psychosocial interventions to reduce stress due to gender-based stigma and discrimination among transgender women and MSM.
The Mediating Role of Internalizing Problems Between Peer Victimization and Dating Violence Victimization: A Test of the Stress Generation Hypothesis
Authors: Smith Kevin , Hébert Martine , Brendgen Mara , Blais Martin
Published: February 2021

Peer victimization and dating violence are highly prevalent among adolescents. Those two forms of victimization are notably associated with heightened levels of internalizing problems. The stress generation hypothesis stipulates that depressive cognitions and behaviors may generate interpersonal stressors for depressed individuals. It has thus been hypothesized that victims of peer victimization may experience higher levels of internalizing problems, which in turn, may render them more at risk of experiencing dating violence victimization. We used a longitudinal design with three waves from the Quebec Youth’s Romantic Relationships Survey ( n = 4,923). Participants (59.6% girls, aged between 14 and 18 years old) reported their experiences of dating violence victimization, peer victimization and psychological distress. A cross-lagged panel analysis was performed to test the mediational effect of psychological distress between peer victimization and dating violence while controlling for age and gender. The interaction effect of gender in the model was also tested. The longitudinal relationship between peer victimization and dating violence victimization was significantly mediated by internalizing problems. This result thus supports the stress generation hypothesis. No interaction effect of gender was observed in the model, thus suggesting that this relationship does not change as a function of gender. This study offers to practitioners in the area of prevention and intervention for peer victimization and dating violence a different way of tackling the problem of revictimization. Indeed, our findings revealed that internalizing problems were longitudinally associated with subsequent relational problems, when occurring after being victimized. Therefore, addressing internalizing problems instead, or in addition to prevention or intervention efforts to stop victimization may help in reducing revictimization rates.
The Indefatigable Worker: From Factory Floor to Zoom Avatar
Authors: Abdelrahman Maha
Published: February 2021

This contribution coins the term indefatigable worker as a lens to examine the concerted efforts by state and capital forces, since the early 20th century, to devise methods aimed to reduce mental and physical fatigue among the workforce in order to guarantee the productivity and economic health of the nation. Different interventions have targeted the worker’s body from the early 20th century factory labourer to the more fragmented workforce under neoliberal capitalism and finally to the locked-down Covid-19 Zoom participant. Interestingly, each intervention was triggered by the onset of one global economic crisis or the other but cloaked in the benevolent garb of workers’ welfare. Ostensibly putting the well-being of the worker at the heart of this seemingly technical, ideology-free regime aims to make it difficult for workers to resist attempts to help them cope with fatigue and to challenge the conditions which cause their physical and mental stress in the first place.
A data-driven multi-criteria decision-making approach for assessing new product conceptual designs
Authors: Arbabi Hamidreza , Vahedi-Nouri Behdin , Iranmanesh Seyedhossein , Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Reza
Published: February 2021

The surge in competition among companies to acquire a more significant portion of the market as well as respecting customer preferences in high quality and diverse products result in a reduction of product life cycles. Accordingly, companies are under enormous pressure to introduce new high quality and diverse products on time. Assessing new product designs at the primary phases of new product development (NPD) is a necessary and complex activity that can considerably reduce the time and cost of introducing new products to the market. The current methods of evaluating new product conceptual designs, including employing decision-making methods based on subjective opinions of experts, utilizing simulation packages, and following trial-and-error approaches in prototyping, may be inefficient, very time-consuming, and costly. To overcome this issue, this paper develops a quantitative data-driven Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach founded on the combination of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), to assess the new conceptual designs. So that the ANN method is utilized to predict the performance characteristics of new designs based on the related existed data of similar products, and TOPSIS is employed to score and rank different proposed alternatives designs. Finally, a case study of evaluating new product conceptual designs in an automotive research and development company is considered to demonstrate the performance and applicability of the proposed approach.
Analysis of heat transfer enhancement in microchannel by varying the height of pin fins at upstream and downstream region
Authors: Khan Mohammad Nawaz , Karimi Munawwar Nawab
Published: February 2021

In this study, a numerical analysis of a microchannel with the different configuration of varying height of pin fins entrenched at the bottom of the channel base wall has been carried out. Five different configurations of pin fins arrangement which are considered in this study are, Case 1(Full length fins in complete microchannel), Case 2(Full length fins at the upstream), Case 3(Full length fins at the downstream), Case 4(Full length fin at the center of microchannel), Case 5(Full length fins at the inlet and exit of microchannel) and the results of these five cases are compared with the plain rectangular microchannel. In this investigation, deionized ultra-filtered water is used and Reynold’s number is ranging from 150 to 350. Results reveals that the highest Nusselt number is achieved by case 2 at a lesser value of Reynold’s number while by case 5 at higher Reynold’s number and the lowest pressure drop is occurring in case 4. The overall thermal performance of case 2 beats the corresponding cases.
Prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and coinfection with HIV among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Bristow Claire C , Espinosa da Silva Cristina , Vera Alicia H , Gonzalez-Fagoaga Jesus E , Rangel Gudelia , Pines Heather A
Published: February 2021

We estimated the prevalence of syphilis and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections, as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection among cisgender men who have sex with cisgender men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Tijuana, Mexico. MSM and TW ( N = 212) recruited via respondent-driven and venue-based sampling for HIV testing underwent sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and completed interviewer-administered surveys in this study (2017–2018). Treponemal rapid tests were used at the point-of-care with positives undergoing confirmatory testing following the reverse syphilis-testing algorithm. Nucleic acid amplification testing of urine and swabs (rectal and pharyngeal) was used to detect CT/NG at three anatomic sites. Chi-squared tests were used to compare STI prevalence by HIV status. Sexually transmitted infection prevalence was 39.6% overall but higher for newly diagnosed HIV-positive (55.7%; N = 88) than HIV-negative (28.2%; N = 124) participants ( p-value < 0.0001). Among newly diagnosed HIV-positive participants, the prevalence of syphilis was 35.2% (31/88), CT infection was 27.3% (24/88; nine urethral; 16 rectal; four pharyngeal), and NG infection was 26.1% (23/88; six urethral; 19 rectal; nine pharyngeal). Among HIV-negative participants, the prevalence of syphilis was 12.1% (15/124), CT infection was 13.7% (17/124; seven urethral; nine rectal; two pharyngeal), and NG infection was 9.7% (12/124; three urethral; seven rectal; seven pharyngeal). Over 60% of all CT (25/41) and NG (26/35) infections in the full sample occurred extragenitally in the absence of urethral infections, and over 80% of rectal (30/37) and pharyngeal (16/18) infections were asymptomatic. The high prevalence of syphilis, CT, and NG infections among MSM and TW in Tijuana suggests STI screening that includes extragenital tests, particularly at HIV diagnosis, may help curb HIV/STI transmission.
Narcissism and Leadership in Children
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Nevicka Barbara , O’Brien Joseph M.
Published: February 2021

Some leaders display high levels of narcissism. Does the link between narcissism levels and leadership exist in childhood? We conducted, to our knowledge, the first study of the relationship between narcissism levels and various aspects of leadership in children ( N = 332, ages 7–14 years). We assessed narcissism levels using the Childhood Narcissism Scale and assessed leadership emergence in classrooms using peer nominations. Children then performed a group task in which one child was randomly assigned as leader. We assessed perceived and actual leadership functioning. Children with higher narcissism levels more often emerged as leaders in classrooms. When given a leadership role in the task, children with higher narcissism levels perceived themselves as better leaders, but their actual leadership functioning did not differ significantly from that of other leaders. Specification-curve analyses corroborated these findings. Thus, children with relatively high narcissism levels tend to emerge as leaders, even though they may not excel as leaders.
Association between DNA ploidy and micronucleus frequency in chronic smokers and impact of smoking cessation
Authors: Cruz BS , Schwarzmeier LAT , Carvalho BFDC , Alves MGO , Carta CFL , Balducci I , Scholz JR , Almeida JD
Published: February 2021

Tobacco use may initiate the process of oral carcinogenesis with clinically undetectable changes. Smoking cessation may prevent its progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DNA ploidy and micronucleus (MN) frequency in chronic smokers. Three groups were evaluated: Smoker Group, Former Smoker Group and Control Group. Exfoliative cytology was performed on the lateral border of the tongue and mouth floor. MN and DNA ploidy analyses were performed, as well as the correlation between the variables. The data showed a difference between the groups for the total MN (p = 0.0227), and the Smoker group had the highest mean (4.22 ± 4.12). The three groups did not differ statistically from each other on ploidy evaluation (p-value > 0.05). There was also an association between aneuploidy and increased MN frequency in the Former Smoker group (p = 0.0036). In conclusion, these results point out that there is a relationship between the frequency of MN and aneuploidy in former smokers. Moreover, smoking cessation, even for a short period of time, may promote the decrease of MN frequency caused by tobacco use.