bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the transition into higher degree research: an exploration of candidates’ experiences
Authors: Liardet Cassi L.
Published: June 2023

Higher-degree research (HDR) students often struggle with the transition into independent research, the juncture in which students accustomed to the structure and predictability of coursework suddenly become project managers: narrowing research questions to address a meaningful gap in the literature, designing projects that adhere to ethical mandates, and using existing literature to not only report on a topic, but also justify it. This qualitative study examines candidates’ transition into independent research through both interview and questionnaire data. Participants studying in an Australian university most often cited difficulties related to the research process, followed by mental health, writing with scholarly expression, and self-management. The findings suggest candidates entering an HDR program require support beyond traditional ‘one-off’ workshops or interventions. Specifically, they benefit from individualised and dedicated mentoring support that addresses not only their epistemological knowledge gaps, but also their existential transition from students to researchers.
Infrared to Visible Upconversion Photoluminescence from Nd-doped Yttria Ceramic for Optical Applications
Authors: Saad A. M. , Ali Hanan , Masschelein P. , Kabbara H. , Khalil Ahmed Asaad I. , Azzouz I. M. , Giba Alaa E.
Published: June 2023

Upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) attracts great attention in the field of optics and solid state lightening applications. Thus, in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of UCPL, this work reports on the spectral and kinetic properties of up and down conversion photoluminescence (PL) from Nd-doped Y2O3 ceramic. The energy transition levels and the possible excitation mechanisms are discussed. Nd-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals have been prepared via co-precipitation method then subjected to sintering process for ceramic production. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements have been used to reveal the formation of nanocrystals and the crystal phase of the prepared Nd-doped Y2O3 powders. It is found that the PL down conversion (DCPL), from ceramic sample, demonstrates well-resolved narrow emission lines related to the near-infrared transitions in Nd ions, when excited by different UV–visible wavelengths. On the other side, a visible upconversion PL (UCPL) has been detected under excitation by a 1064-nm pulsed laser. In addition, the UCPL together with the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) results have been used to confirm the proposed energy levels for the upconversion process. Moreover, the excitation power dependence of the UCPL and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) have been measured in order to determine the dominant excitation mechanism responsible for the upconversion. our findings suggest that the excited state absorption mechanism (ESA) is likely the possible mechanism of UCPL process in rare earth (Nd) single-doped Y2O3 ceramic.
Regulatory Challenges for Energy Infrastructure—Do Electricity Distribution Remuneration Schemes in Europe Promote the Use of Flexibility from Connected Users?
Authors: Ruiz Miguel A. , Gómez Tomás , Chaves José P. , Cossent Rafael
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

The electricity grid is facing important challenges in operation and planning due to the increase in intermittent renewable generation and the penetration of distributed energy resources. This article reviews the remuneration schemes of distribution system operators for fostering flexibility procurement in a representative sample of six selected European countries.

Recent Findings

Regulatory agencies should incentivize distribution system operators to properly deal with the growing uncertainty and take advantage of flexible resources connected to their grids to minimize the impact on electricity bills that upcoming challenges may have.

Most of the reviewed regulatory frameworks still need to evolve towards removing barriers to flexibility services. The necessary steps in the evolution of remuneration schemes for distribution system operators include (i) promoting non-biased cost-efficiency, capital expenditures vs operational expenditures, and (ii) the possibility of flexible planning to deal with uncertainty.
Tutors´ and Students’ Agreement on Social and Cognitive Congruence in a Sonography Peer-assisted-learning Scenario
Authors: Rollmann Ivo , Lauter Jan , Kuner Charlotte , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Bugaj Till J. , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Nikendei Christoph
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Peer-assisted learning has become an integral part within medical education and has been proven to be effective in teaching medical skills. Cognitive and social congruence are important factors that explain the effectiveness of peer-assisted learning. However, although theory suggests this, there is no study to date that demonstrates that students and tutors agree upon the level of cognitive and social congruence. Thus, we compared tutors’ and students’ perception of cognitive and social congruence and their agreement on the causes of congruence.

Methods

36 students and 9 tutors from 9 courses were asked to answer questionnaires for their perception of cognitive and social congruence in a peer-assisted learning sonography scenario.

Results

Students and tutors experienced cognitive congruence (t = 0.8277, df = 8, p = .4318, 95% CI = [-0.232; 0.491]) and social congruence (t = 0.962, df = 8, p = .364, 95% CI = [-0.145; 0.354]) similarly. In contrast, students and tutors disagreed on causes of cognitive congruence (agreement = 53.90%) and social congruence (agreement = 58.49%). Tutors rated their empathy and interest toward students as the main cause. Students rated the helpfulness, effectiveness, and approachableness of the tutor as the main cause.

Conclusions

Our study filled the gap in previous research on cognitive and social congruence. Consistent with theoretical considerations, it was shown that students and tutors do indeed experience cognitive and social congruence similarly. Nevertheless, differences also emerged that may carry more or less weight depending on the research question. Future studies should therefore carefully examine whether the assessment of cognitive and social congruence of students and tutors is necessary.
Global Increase of the Intensity of Tropical Cyclones under Global Warming Based on their Maximum Potential Intensity and CMIP6 Models
Authors: Pérez-Alarcón Albenis , Fernández-Alvarez José C. , Coll-Hidalgo Patricia
Published: June 2023

Future changes in the intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) under global warming are uncertain, although several studies have projected an upward trend in TC intensity. In this study, we examined the changes in the strength of TCs in the twenty-first century based on the Hurricane Maximum Potential Intensity (HuMPI) model forced with the sea surface temperature (SST) from the bias-corrected CMIP6 dataset. We first investigated the relationship between the mean lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of major hurricanes (MHs) and the maximum potential intensity (MPI) using the SST from the Daily Optimum Interpolation SST database. The LMI of MHs and the MPI in the last two decades was, on average, 2–3% higher than mean values in the sub-period 1982–2000, suggesting a relationship between changes in MPI and LMI. From our findings, the projected changes in TC intensity in the near-future period (2016–2040) will be almost similar for SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. However, TCs will be 9.5% and 17% more intense by the end (2071–2100) of the twenty-first century under both climate scenarios, respectively, compared with the mean intensity over the historical period (1985–2014). In addition, the MPI response to a warmed sea surface temperature per degree of warming is a 5–7% increase in maximum potential wind speed. These results should be interpreted as a projection of changes in TC intensity under global warming since the HuMPI formulation does not include environmental factors (i.e., vertical wind shear, mid-level moisture content and environmental stratification) that influence TC long-term intensity variations.

Highlights

The maximum potential intensity (MPI) of tropical cyclones is a predictor of their climatological intensities.

Tropical cyclones will be 17% more intense than today by the end of the 21st Century.

The maximum potential wind speed will increase by 5–7%/ºC under global warming.
Optimal sampling-based path planning for mobile cable-driven parallel robots in highly constrained environment
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Kim Byeong-Geon , Lu Yuzhen , Park Kyoung-Su
Published: June 2023

Mobile cable-driven parallel robots (MCDPRs) is a novel concept of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) developed by mounting several mobile bases to discrete the conventional fixed frame. However, the additional mobile bases introduce more degree-of-freedom (DoF), thereby causing the kinematic redundancy. Moreover, mobile bases are susceptible to disturbances causing inconsistent performance. Hence, path planning of MCDPRs becomes a challenging issue due to various internal and external constraints involved. In this article, an optimization-based path planning method is proposed for MCDPRs in highly constrained environments with considering kinematic stability. The proposed approach quickly generates feasible paths for coupled mobile bases by using the developed multi-agent rapidly exploring random tree (MA-RRT). In this process, the tree can share information through the heuristics method to optimize the path, and the adaptive sampling strategy is thus proposed to increase the tree growth efficiency by self-adjusting sampling space. Moreover, the developed dynamic control checking method (DCC) is integrated with MA-RRT to smooth the path and the kinodynamic constraints of mobile bases can be satisfied. To generate the path of the end-effector, two performance metrics are designed considering the kinematic and stability of the MCDPR. Based on the performance metrics, the grid-based search method is developed to generate the path for the end-effector. Finally, the convincing performance of the proposed method is revealed through the dynamic simulation software (CoppeliaSim) and real-world experiments based on a self-built MCDPR prototype.
Signal Contrastive Enhanced Graph Collaborative Filtering for Recommendation
Authors: Li Zhi-Yuan , Chen Man-Sheng , Gao Yuefang , Wang Chang-Dong
Published: June 2023

Graph collaborative filtering methods have shown great performance improvements compared with deep neural network-based models. However, these methods suffer from data sparsity and data noise problems. To address these issues, we propose a new contrastive learning-based graph collaborative filtering method to learn more robust representations. The proposed method is called signal contrastive enhanced graph collaborative filtering (SC-GCF), which conducts contrastive learning on graph signals. It has been proved that graph neural networks correspond to low-pass filters on the graph signals from the graph convolution perspective. Different from the previous contrastive learning-based methods, we first pay attention to the diversity of graph signals to directly optimize the informativeness of the graph signals. We introduce a hypergraph module to strengthen the representation learning ability of graph neural networks. The hypergraph learning module utilizes a learnable hypergraph structure to model the latent global dependency relations that graph neural networks cannot depict. Experiments are conducted on four public datasets, and the results show significant improvements compared with the state-of-the-art methods, which confirms the importance of considering signal-level contrastive learning and hypergraph learning.
Emotion in Politics in Times of War: A Corpus Pragmatics Study
Authors: Mestre-Mestre Eva M.
Published: June 2023

Emotions remain a fertile field of research. Thanks to newly available technology, investigating people’s preferences, emotions and feelings is relevant for different purposes and perspectives. Consequently, the exploration of emotion has stimulated specialised software development. This paper presents a snapshot of currently available computational tools for analysing emotions. We also explore and compare their contributions and use them complementarily to characterise a corpus. The study presented here combines several emotion analysis tools to examine and characterise a corpus of political debates. Specifically, 34 British House of Commons debates on the war in Ukraine have been examined to identify the lexicon associated with the emotions articulated by parliamentarians in a situation of maximum political conflict, such as war, and to provide a global overview of the most common terms used, to express emotion and feeling. Using corpus pragmatics, a comprehensive overview of the corpus is obtained, as it allows the analysis of considerable amounts of data, studied from a pragmatics perspective, for the characterisation of emotion in terms of meaning and use.
Building Better Full Manganese-Based Cathode Materials for Next-Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Jin , Wang Hangchao , Zuo Yuxuan , Zhang Kun , Yang Tonghuan , Yang Yali , Gao Chuan , Chen Tao , Feng Guang , Jiang Zewen , Xiao Wukun , Luo Tie , Xia Dingguo
Published: June 2023

Lithium-manganese-oxides have been exploited as promising cathode materials for many years due to their environmental friendliness, resource abundance and low biotoxicity. Nevertheless, inevitable problems, such as Jahn-Teller distortion, manganese dissolution and phase transition, still frustrate researchers; thus, progress in full manganese-based cathode materials (FMCMs) has been relatively slow and limited in recent decades. Recently, with the fast growth of vehicle electrification and large-scale energy-storage grids, there has been an urgent demand to develop novel FMCMs again; actually, new waves of research based on FMCMs are being created. Herein, we systematically review the history of FMCMs, correctly describe their structures, evaluate the advantages and challenges, and discuss the resolution strategies and latest developments. Additionally, beyond FMCMs, a profound discussion of current controversial issues, such as oxygen redox reaction, voltage decay and voltage hysteresis in Li2MnO3-based cathode materials, is also presented. This review summarizes the effectively optimized approaches and offers a few new possible enhancement methods from the perspective of the electronic-coordination-crystal structure for building better FMCMs for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Graphical Abstract
First Data from the Prehistoric Site Complex of Cueva del Arco (Murcia, Spain)
Authors: Martín-Lerma Ignacio , Román Dídac , Armellini Jacopo , Sánchez-Martínez Noelia , Angelucci Diego E.
Published: June 2023

The southern Iberian Peninsula is a key area for understanding the timing and patterns of the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition. Recently, the excavation and study of new sites have provided new insights on this topic. The aim of this paper is to introduce Cueva del Arco, a site complex featuring distinct caves and rock shelters. Cueva del Arco is located at a short distance from the Almadenes gorge (Cieza, Spain) and preserves both Middle and Upper Palaeolithic deposits and assemblages, as well as rock art. Despite being known since the 1990s for its Palaeolithic rock art, systematic fieldwork was never undertaken at the site until recently. We here report the first results of a research programme that includes the systematic excavation of several cavities belonging to the Cueva del Arco complex, focusing on the location and context of the site, its stratigraphy and chronology, and site formation. Research at the site is still ongoing, but preliminary results suggest that the data from Cueva del Arco will provide new clues to the current debate on the transition from Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans in southern Europe.
Properties and Characteristics of Digital Twins: Review of Industrial Definitions
Authors: Schweiger Lukas , Barth Linard
Published: June 2023

As digital twin configurations depend on their use case, there is a need for research on how companies can select the capabilities and appropriate level of sophistication to deploy digital twins in practice successfully. This study investigated the properties and characteristics of digital twins described in academic literature. It summarized them in a taxonomy, which was subsequently used to code and examine 90 definitions of companies. For the analysis, both supervised and unsupervised methods were applied. The results show that researchers focus more on technological requirements when defining digital twins, while companies use more value-based properties that are not included or not precisely delineated in academic reviews. Therefore, an application-oriented definition is proposed to bridge this gap and complement the taxonomy. This study thus contributes to the discussion and forming of an application-oriented and shared understanding of the digital twin concept in research and practice.
$$\bar{\partial }$$-Dressing Method for a Generalized (2 + 1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equation
Authors: Niu Zhenjie , Li Biao
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this work is solving a generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation via$$\bar{\partial }$$∂¯-dressing method. The key to this process is to establish connection between characteristic functions and$$\bar{\partial }$$∂¯-problem. With use of Fourier transformation and Fourier inverse transformation, we obtain explicit expressions of Green’s function and give two characteristic functions corresponding to general potential. Further, the$$\bar{\partial }$$∂¯-problem is constructed by calculating$$\bar{\partial }$$∂¯derivative of characteristic function. The solution of$$\bar{\partial }$$∂¯-problem can be shown by Cauchy–Green formula, and after determining time evolution of scatter data, we can give solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional equation.
Shocking Contrasts
Authors: Rogowski Ronald L.
Published: June 2023

In the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed as much as two thirds of Europe's population; in the fifteenth, the introduction of moveable-type printing rapidly expanded Europe's supply of human capital; between 1850 and 1914, Russia's population almost tripled; and in World War I, the British blockade starved some 800,000 Germans. Each of these, Shocking Contrasts argues, amounted to an unanticipated shock, positive or negative, to the supply of a crucial factor of production; and elicited one of four main responses: factor substitution; factor movement to a different sector or region; technological innovation; or political action, sometimes extending to coercion at home or conquest abroad. This book examines parsimonious models of factor returns, relative costs, and technological innovation. It offers a framework for understanding the role of supply shocks in major political conflicts and argues that its implications extend far beyond these specific cases to any period of human history.
MS Junius 11 and its Poetry
Authors: Kears Carl
Published: June 2023

A fresh close reading of the texts of one of the four surviving major manuscripts of Old English poetry, reappraising Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Junius 11 to discover some of the preoccupations of its compilers.
TRANSITIVITY, LOWNESS, AND RANKS IN NSOP THEORIES
Authors: CHERNIKOV ARTEM , KIM BYUNGHAN , RAMSEY NICHOLAS
Published: June 2023

We develop the theory of Kim-independence in the context of NSOP
$_{1}$
theories satisfying the existence axiom. We show that, in such theories, Kim-independence is transitive and that -Morley sequences witness Kim-dividing. As applications, we show that, under the assumption of existence, in a low NSOP
$_{1}$
theory, Shelah strong types and Lascar strong types coincide and, additionally, we introduce a notion of rank for NSOP
$_{1}$
theories.
Buying a Blind Eye: Campaign Donations, Regulatory Enforcement, and Deforestation
Authors: HARDING ROBIN , PREM MOUNU , RUIZ NELSON A. , VARGAS DAVID L.
Published: June 2023

While existing work has demonstrated that campaign donations can buy access to benefits such as favorable legislation and preferential contracting, we highlight another use of campaign contributions: buying reductions in regulatory enforcement. Specifically, we argue that in return for campaign contributions, Colombian mayors who rely on donor-funding (compared with those who do not) choose not to enforce sanctions against illegal deforestation activities. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that deforestation is significantly higher in municipalities that elect donor-funded as opposed to self-funded politicians. Further analysis shows that only part of this effect can be explained by differences in contracting practices by donor-funded mayors. Instead, evidence of heterogeneity in the effects according to the presence of alternative formal and informal enforcement institutions, and analysis of fire clearance, support the interpretation that campaign contributions buy reductions in the enforcement of environmental regulations.
Legal Pluralism's Other: Mythologizing Modern Law
Authors: Humfress Caroline
Published: June 2023

This article interrogates the concept of legal pluralism, as it currently tends to function within contemporary legal and historical scholarship. It argues that the concept of legal pluralism cannot ‘liberate’ positivist analytical legal theory from monist (municipal, state-centric, etc.) straightjackets, but rather itself presumes the primacy of centralized state-issued law—at the same time as masking that primacy within a pluralist discourse. The concept of legal pluralism should be properly understood—and analyzed—as part of the mythology of modern law, not as an alternative to it. The first two sections develop this argument via a critical tour of legal-pluralist historiography, focusing on 1986 to the present day. The final section then moves on to explore what is at stake for the pre-modern historian when they apply (modern) concept(s) of legal pluralism to try to explain the multiplicity of legal orders that they invariably encounter in their own source material.
Meta-analysis of associations between childhood adversity and diurnal cortisol regulation
Authors: Perrone Laura , Thorpe Daneele , Shariat Panahi Grace , Kitagawa Yukihiro , Lindhiem Oliver , Bernard Kristin
Published: June 2023

Childhood adversity has been associated with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation, which is associated with mental and physical health consequences. However, associations between childhood adversity and cortisol regulation in the current literature vary in magnitude and direction. This multilevel meta-analysis examines the association between childhood adversity and diurnal cortisol measures, as well as potential moderators of these effects (adversity timing and type, study or sample characteristics). A search was conducted in online databases PsycINFO and PubMed for papers written in English. After screening for exclusion criteria (papers examining animals, pregnant women, people receiving hormonal treatment, people with endocrine disorders, cortisol before age 2 months, or cortisol after an intervention), 303 papers were identified for inclusion. In total, 441 effect sizes were extracted from 156 manuscripts representing 104 studies. A significant overall effect was found between childhood adversity and bedtime cortisol, r = 0.047, 95% CI [0.005, 0.089], t = 2.231, p = 0.028. All other overall and moderation effects were not significant. The lack of overall effects may reflect the importance of the timing and nature of childhood adversity to adversity’s impact on cortisol regulation. Thus, we offer concrete recommendations for testing theoretical models linking early adversity and stress physiology.
A resampling-based method to evaluate NLI models
Authors: Salvatore Felipe de Souza , Finger Marcelo , Hirata Roberto , Patriota Alexandre G.
Published: June 2023

The recent progress of deep learning techniques has produced models capable of achieving high scores on traditional Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets. To understand the generalization limits of these powerful models, an increasing number of adversarial evaluation schemes have appeared. These works use a similar evaluation method: they construct a new NLI test set based on sentences with known logic and semantic properties (the adversarial set), train a model on a benchmark NLI dataset, and evaluate it in the new set. Poor performance on the adversarial set is identified as a model limitation. The problem with this evaluation procedure is that it may only indicate a sampling problem. A machine learning model can perform poorly on a new test set because the text patterns presented in the adversarial set are not well represented in the training sample. To address this problem, we present a new evaluation method, the Invariance under Equivalence test (IE test). The IE test trains a model with sufficient adversarial examples and checks the model’s performance on two equivalent datasets. As a case study, we apply the IE test to the state-of-the-art NLI models using synonym substitution as the form of adversarial examples. The experiment shows that, despite their high predictive power, these models usually produce different inference outputs for equivalent inputs, and, more importantly, this deficiency cannot be solved by adding adversarial observations in the training data.
Choice architecture interventions promoting sustained healthier food choice and consumption by students in a secondary school setting: a systematic review of intervention studies
Authors: Schulte Eva Andrea , Winkler Gertrud , Brombach Christine , Buyken Anette E
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To systematically review the impact of choice architecture interventions (CAI) on the food choice of healthy adolescents in a secondary school setting. Factors potentially contributing to the effectiveness of CAI types and numbers implemented and its long-term success were examined.

Design:

PUBMED and Web of Science were systematically searched in October 2021. Publications were included following predefined inclusion criteria and grouped according to the number and duration of implemented interventions. Intervention impact was determined by a systematic description of the reported quantitative changes in food choice and/or consumption. Intervention types were compared with regard to food selection and sustained effects either during or following the intervention.

Setting:

CAI on food choice of healthy adolescents in secondary schools.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

Fourteen studies were included; four randomised controlled trials and five each of controlled or uncontrolled pre–post design, respectively. Four studies implemented a single CAI type, with ten implementing > 1. Three studies investigated CAI effects over the course of a school year either by continuous or repeated data collection, while ten studies’ schools were visited on selected days during an intervention. Twelve studies reported desired changes in overall food selection, yet effects were not always significant and appeared less conclusive for longer-term studies.

Conclusions:

This review found promising evidence that CAI can be effective in encouraging favourable food choices in healthy adolescents in a secondary school setting. However, further studies designed to evaluate complex interventions are needed.
Variation of the molecular cloud lifecycle across the nearby galaxy population
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Chevance Mélanie , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Leroy Adam K.
Published: June 2023

The processes of star formation and feedback take place on the scales of giant molecular clouds (GMCs; ~ 100 pc) within galaxies and play a major role in governing galaxy evolution. By applying a robust statistical method to PHANGS observations, we systematically measure the evolutionary timeline from molecular clouds to exposed young stellar regions, across an unprecedented sample of 54 galaxies. These timescales depend on galaxy environment, revealing the role of galactic-scale dynamical processes in the small-scale GMC evolution. Furthermore, in the 5 nearest galaxies of our sample, we have refined the GMC timeline further and established the duration of the heavily obscured phase, using 24 μm emission. These results represent a major first step towards a comprehensive picture of cloud assembly and feedback, which will be extended to 19 more galaxies with our ongoing JWST Large Program.
Star-formation Property of High Redshift Galaxies in Clusters: Perceptive View from Observation and Simulation
Authors: Lee Seong-Kook , Im Myungshin , Ko Eunhee , Park Changbom , Kim Juhan , Lee Jaehyun , Hyun Minhee
Published: June 2023

The evolution of star formation properties of galaxies depends on the environment where galaxies reside, and generally star formation of galaxies in dense environment decreases more quickly. Interestingly, the star formation property of high-redshift galaxies clusters vary largely even though they are at similar redshift. We have found that the large-scale environment surrounding each galaxy cluster can contribute to make this cluster-by-cluster variation. This correlation is found in the results from observational data as well as in the simulations of galaxy formation. We suggest the ‘Web-feeding model’ to explain this trend. Star-forming galaxies falling into the galaxy cluster from surrounding large-scale structure make the quiescent galaxy fraction of the cluster lower than relatively isolated clusters.
Star formation feedback onto molecular clouds of KAGONMA sources using temperature distribution
Authors: Takeba N. , Handa T. , Murase T. , Kohno M. , Omodaka T. , Nakano M. , Hirata Y. , Chibueze J. O. , Burns R. A.
Published: June 2023

This paper reports on four of the sources observed in the KAGONMA (KAgoshima Galactic Object survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope by Mapping in Ammonia lines) project for which mapping observations have been completed (KAG35, KAG45, KAG64, and KAG71). In this study, we compiled the analysis results of four sources for which mapping observations were completed in the KAGONMA project and statistically investigated the range to which star formation activity affects the molecular gas. In order to investigate the affected range, we analyzed the heating range by focusing on the temperature distribution of the molecular cloud and found that it is within about 3 pc. This suggests that direct star formation feedback in molecular clouds is very spatially limited.
From evolved stars to the formation and evolution of galaxies
Authors: Mahani Hamidreza , Javadi Atefeh , van Loon Jacco Th. , Khosroshahi Habib , Saremi Elham , Hamedani Golshan Roya , Navabi Mahdieh , Hashemi Seyed Azim , Gholami Mahtab , Aghdam Sima Taefi
Published: June 2023

Due to observational constraints, our detailed knowledge of stellar populations, formation, and evolution of galaxies is limited to a few dozen galaxies located in the Local Group. The Local Group of galaxies offers a unique opportunity to construct the formation histories and probe the structure and dynamics of many dwarf galaxies surrounding the Milky Way and Andromeda and of isolated dwarf galaxies. In this regard, we monitored the majority of galaxies in the Local Group, including the M33 galaxy and satellites galaxies surrounding the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxy, as well as isolated dwarf galaxies. We identified stellar populations and based on light curve analysis, the cool evolved stars pulsating in the fundamental mode were identified. In this paper, first, we will present the results we obtained for SFH and dust production rate in individual galaxies separately to answer how different types of galaxies have been formed and evolved over cosmic time. Then, we will discuss whether the mass return from dusty evolved stars can provide enough gas reservoirs to sustain the star formation or even rejuvenate the dwarf galaxy, as some seem to harbor relatively young stars.
The Anomalous Ammonia Spectrum of Arp 220
Authors: Ott Jürgen , Meier David S.
Published: June 2023

Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are extreme in many ways. The major mergers trigger star formation at very high rates that cause the ISM to be dominated by infrared (IR) photons. We show the ammonia spectra toward the two cores of Arp 220, the nearest ULIRG, in three Very Large Array (VLA) bands (Ku, K, Ka). Typical decay times of the non-metastable transitions ∼ 100 s and are therefore usually difficult to observe. The FIR excitation of Arp 220, however, shows that non-metastable states are widely populated up to a limiting energy of ∼ 1500 K. We assume that this atypical ammonia spectrum is due to the strong FIR field that re-excites the ammonia molecule on timescales much shorter than the already short decay times. The resulting level population causes a break-down of the typical assumptions made for the use of ammonia as a molecular thermometer.
A UVIT Look at Star Formation in Nearby Interacting/Merging Galaxies
Authors: Das Mousumi
Published: June 2023

The interactions and mergers of gas rich galaxies are known to produce star formation which often leads to nuclear activity as well. The star formation is ideally mapped using FUV and NUV emission, since UV traces star formation for longer timescales compared to Hα emission. It is also emitted over a broader range of stellar masses in galaxies. In this study we present FUV and NUV observations of merging and interacting galaxies in our nearby universe conducted using the UVIT. We present the example of a merging system MRK212 that has dual AGN and the triple AGN system NGC7733-7734. The UV emission is associated with the tidal arms, individual nuclei, resonance rings, nuclear spirals as well as AGN/stellar feedback. We also find that radio emission is often closely associated with the UV emission, arising from both star formation as well as AGN activity, and perhaps kpc-scale AGN feedback. We find that a comparison of optical IFU imaging with FUV in NGC7733-7734 reveals unique properties associated with the interaction including the third AGN buried in a tidal arm.
The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Maximization Tendency
Authors: Ma Min , Guo Kangni , Li Zhiyong , Xie Chen , Wang Danni , Zhang Li
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Personality traits are closely correlated with maximization tendency. However, few studies have characterized the link between the subdimensions of perfectionism and maximization tendency. Accordingly, no empirical literature has examined the mechanisms between them. This study examines the relationship between perfectionism and maximization tendency and how they are linked. Participants ( N = 450) were invited to describe their maximization tendency, achievement motivation, perfectionism, and demographic variables. The results showed that the two dimensions of perfectionism are positively correlated with the three dimensions of maximization tendency. The motive to achieve success (MAS) and the motive to avoid failure (MAF) could mediate the link between the dimensions of perfectionism and the dimensions of maximization tendency. Further analyses showed that MAS mediates the relationships between perfectionism and a high standard of maximization tendency, while MAF mediates the relationship between perfectionism and the decision difficulty of maximization tendency. MAS and MAF simultaneously mediate the relationship between perfectionism and alternative search. These findings suggest that decision difficulty and the other two dimensions of maximization differ in terms of their relationship with achievement motivation.
Upward Earthquake Swarm Migration in the Northeastern Noto Peninsula, Japan, Initiated From a Deep Ring‐Shaped Cluster: Possibility of Fluid Leakage From a Hidden Magma System
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Uno Masaoki , Matsuzawa Toru , Yukutake Yohei , Mukuhira Yusuke , Sato Hiroshi , Yoshida Takeyoshi
Published: June 2023

This study describes an ongoing intense earthquake swarm in the crust of the northeastern Noto Peninsula, Japan, that began around the end of 2019. Fluid movement related to volcanic activity is often involved in earthquake swarms in the crust. However, no volcanic activity has occurred in this region since the Middle Miocene (15.6 Ma). This study investigates the cause of this earthquake swarm based on the spatiotemporal evolution of earthquake hypocenters and seismic reflectors. The hypocenter relocation of 10,940 earthquakes (M > 1) reveals that they are all crustal and migrated upward, activating a complex network of faults at depths shallower than 20 km. The initiation of this earthquake swarm occurred at a locally deep depth (z = 17 km), and the local hypocenter distribution shows a characteristic circular pattern. We find a distinctive S‐wave reflector in the immediate vicinity. A low‐velocity anomaly exists below the reflector, and a high helium isotope ratio and a low‐gravity anomaly were observed at the surface. These observations suggest that the current seismicity is associated with fluids released by ancient or possibly unrecognized modern magmatic activity, although no volcanic activity has been documented in this area for 15 million years. Significant crustal deformation was observed during this swarm and is probably related to the fluid movement and aseismic deformation that contributed to this earthquake swarm. The strongest M5.4 earthquake (as of October 2022) occurred near the migration front on the largest planar structure, leaving the shallow extension unruptured.
Monthly Climatologies of Zonal‐Mean and Tidal Winds in the Thermosphere as Observed by ICON/MIGHTI During April 2020–March 2022
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Harding B. J. , Qiu L. , Stolle C. , Siddiqui T. A. , Miyoshi Y. , Englert C. R. , England S. L.
Published: June 2023

Version 5 (v05) of the thermospheric wind data from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission has been recently released, which largely avoids local‐time dependent artificial baseline drifts that are found in previous versions of the ICON/MIGHTI wind data. This paper describes monthly climatologies of zonal‐mean winds and tides based on the v05 ICON/MIGHTI data under geomagnetically quiet conditions (Hp30 < 3o) during April 2020–March 2022. Green‐line winds in the lower thermosphere (90–110 km) and red‐line winds in the middle thermosphere (200–300 km) are analyzed, as these data cover both daytime and nighttime. The latitude and height structures of zonal‐mean winds and tides are presented for each month, and the results are compared with the widely used empirical model, Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14). The ICON/MIGHTI and HWM14 results are in general agreement, providing a validation of the v05 ICON/MIGHTI data. The agreement is especially good for the zonal‐mean winds. Amplitudes of lower thermospheric tides from ICON/MIGHTI tend to be larger than those from HWM14 as well as from an empirical model, Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT). This could be due to the influence of interannual variability of the tides. The amplitude structure of lower thermospheric tides in HWM14 does not match those from ICON/MIGHTI and CTMT in some months. Also, HWM14 underestimates the meridional‐wind amplitude of the migrating diurnal tide in the middle thermosphere. These results highlight the need for improved tidal representation in HWM14.
Rapid Basal Channel Growth Beneath Greenland's Longest Floating Ice Shelf
Authors: Narkevic Ash , Csatho Bea , Schenk Toni
Published: June 2023

Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier (N79) is one of the two main outlets for Greenland's largest ice stream, the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, and is the more stable of the two, with no calving front retreat expected in the near future. Using a novel surface elevation reconstruction approach combining digital elevation models and laser altimetry, previously undetected local phenomena are identified complicating this assessment. N79 is found to have a complex network of basal channels that were largely stable between 1978 and 2012. Since then, an along‐flow central basal channel has been growing rapidly, likely due to increased runoff and ocean temperatures. This incision threatens to decouple the glacier's northwestern and southeastern halves.
Focused Mid‐Crustal Magma Intrusion During Continental Break‐Up in Ethiopia
Authors: Wong Kevin , Ferguson David , Wieser Penny , Morgan Daniel , Edmonds Marie , Tadesse Amdemichael Zafu , Yirgu Gezahegn , Harvey Jason , Hammond Samantha
Published: June 2023

Significant volumes of magma can be intruded into the crust during continental break‐up, influencing rift evolution by altering the thermo‐mechanical structure of the crust and its response to extensional stresses. Rift magmas additionally feed surface volcanic activity and can be globally significant sources of tectonic CO2 emissions. Understanding how magmatism may affect rift development requires knowledge on magma intrusion depths in the crust. Here, using data from olivine‐hosted melt inclusions, we investigate magma dynamics for basaltic intrusions in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). We find evidence for a spatially focused zone of magma intrusion at the MER upper‐lower crustal boundary (10–15 km depth), consistent with geophysical datasets. We propose that ascending melts in the MER are intruded over this depth range as discrete sills, likely creating a mechanically weak mid‐crustal layer. Our results have important implications for how magma addition can influence crustal rheology in a maturing continental rift.
Proton Equatorial Pitch Angle Distributions in Jupiter's Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Sarkango Y. , Szalay J. R. , Poppe A. R. , Nénon Q. , Kollmann P. , Clark G. , McComas D. J.
Published: June 2023

We use data from the plasma and energetic particle instruments on the Juno spacecraft, JADE and JEDI, to study the equatorial pitch angle distributions of energetic protons within Jupiter's inner magnetosphere during Juno's prime mission from 2016 to 2021. Averaging over all observations made by Juno within M‐shell bins between M = 6 and M = 30, we find protons at energies between 10 and 50 keV are predominantly field‐aligned at all M‐shells. In contrast, those at energies above 200 keV transition from being predominantly field‐aligned at M = 20 to having pancake‐like distributions at M < 10. We find the observed distributions are consistent either with charge exchange of protons with neutral toroidal clouds, or with adiabatic acceleration of protons originating from Jupiter that are transported inward from the middle magnetosphere.
Meta-analytic prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis: the case for transdiagnostic assessment
Authors: Solmi Marco , Soardo Livia , Kaur Simi , Azis Matilda , Cabras Anna , Censori Marco , Fausti Luigi , Besana Filippo , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Fusar-Poli Paolo
Published: June 2023

Comorbid mental disorders in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) may impact preventive care. We conducted a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic meta-analysis, searching PubMed/PsycInfo up to June 21st, 2021 for observational studies/randomized controlled trials reporting on comorbid DSM/ICD-mental disorders in CHR-P subjects (protocol). The primary and secondary outcomes were baseline and follow-up prevalence of comorbid mental disorders. We also explored the association of comorbid mental disorders compared with CHR-P versus psychotic/non-psychotic control groups, their impact on baseline functioning and transition to psychosis. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, and assessed heterogeneity/publication bias/quality (Newcastle Ottawa Scale, NOS). We included 312 studies (largest meta-analyzed sample = 7834, any anxiety disorder, mean age = 19.98 (3.40), females = 43.88%, overall NOS > 6 in 77.6% of studies). The prevalence was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.73–0.82, k = 29) for any comorbid non-psychotic mental disorder, 0.60 (95% CI = 0.36–0.84, k = 3) for anxiety/mood disorders, 0.44 (95% CI = 0.39–0.49, k = 48) for any mood disorders, 0.38 (95% CI = 0.33–0.42, k = 50) for any depressive disorder/episode, 0.34 (95% CI = 0.30–0.38, k = 69) for any anxiety disorder, 0.30 (95% CI 0.25–0.35, k = 35) for major depressive disorders, 0.29 (95% CI, 0.08–0.51, k = 3) for any trauma-related disorder, 0.23 (95% CI = 0.17–0.28, k = 24) for any personality disorder, and <0.23 in other mental disorders (I2 > 50% in 71.01% estimates). The prevalence of any comorbid mental disorder decreased over time (0.51, 95% CI = 0.25–0.77 over 96 months), except any substance use which increased (0.19, 95% CI = 0.00–0.39, k = 2, >96 months). Compared with controls, the CHR-P status was associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety, schizotypal personality, panic, and alcohol use disorders (OR from 2.90 to 1.54 versus without psychosis), a higher prevalence of anxiety/mood disorders (OR = 9.30 to 2.02) and lower prevalence of any substance use disorder (OR = 0.41, versus psychosis). Higher baseline prevalence of alcohol use disorder/schizotypal personality disorder was negatively associated with baseline functioning (beta from −0.40 to −0.15), while dysthymic disorder/generalized anxiety disorder with higher functioning (beta 0.59 to 1.49). Higher baseline prevalence of any mood disorder/generalized anxiety disorder/agoraphobia (beta from −2.39 to −0.27) was negatively associated with transition to psychosis. In conclusion, over three-quarters of CHR-P subjects have comorbid mental disorders, which modulate baseline functionig and transition to psychosis. Transdiagnostic mental health assessment should be warranted in subjects at CHR-P.
A Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus-encoded microRNA contributes to dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhao Yanru , Li Huaping , Du Hengzhi , Yin Zhongwei , He Mengying , Fan Jiahui , Nie Xiang , Sun Yang , Hou Huiying , Dai Beibei , Zhang Xudong , Cai Yuanyuan , Jin Kunying , Ding Nan , Wen Zheng , Chang Jiang , Chen Chen , Wang Dao Wen
Published: June 2023

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of heart transplantation. By microRNA (miRNA) array, a Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV)-encoded miRNA, kshv-miR-K12-1-5p, was detected in patients with DCM. The KSHV DNA load and kshv-miR-K12-1-5p level in plasma from 696 patients with DCM were measured and these patients were followed-up. Increased KSHV seropositivity and quantitative titers were found in the patients with DCM compared with the non-DCM group (22.0% versus 9.1%, p < 0.05; 168 versus 14 copies/mL plasma, p < 0.05). The risk of the individual end point of death from cardiovascular causes or heart transplantation was increased among DCM patients with the KSHV DNA seropositivity during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.90; p < 0.05). In heart tissues, the KSHV DNA load was also increased in the heart from patients with DCM in comparison with healthy donors (1016 versus 29 copies/105 cells, p < 0.05). The KSHV and kshv-miR-K12-1-5p in DCM hearts were detected using immunofluorescence and fluorescence staining in situ hybridization. KSHV itself was exclusively detectable in CD31-positive endothelium, while kshv-miR-K12-1-5p could be detected in both endothelium and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, kshv-miR-K12-1-5p released by KSHV-infected cardiac endothelium could disrupt the type I interferon signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Two models of kshv-miR-K12-1-5p overexpression (agomiR and recombinant adeno-associated virus) were used to explore the roles of KSHV-encoded miRNA in vivo. The kshv-miR-K12-1-5p aggravated known cardiotropic viruses-induced cardiac dysfunction and inflammatory infiltration. In conclusion, KSHV infection was a risk factor for DCM, providing developmental insights of DCM involving virus and its miRNA (https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03461107).