bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hollis Croft, Sheffield, South Yorkshire: Old site and new connections
Authors: Tuck Ashley , Rajic Milica , Bromage Sam , Carter Emma
Published: May 2021

In 2017, a team from the Wessex Archaeology Sheffield office investigated a site, Hollis Croft (NGR 434990 387580), prior to the construction of a multi-million pound commercial and student housing development. Hollis Croft is one of many Sheffield’s sites where well-preserved industrial archaeology survives beneath the modern buildings.

Historic building recording was followed by a watching brief, a scheme of archaeological evaluation trenching and then strip, map and sample excavations, which revealed substantial 18th-/19th-century remains of steel conversion furnaces (both cementation and crucible, constructed by Burgin and Wells and W. Fearnehough Ltd respectively). We also discovered metres of entwined brick-built flues (likely related to later steelmaking methods such as the Siemens-Martin open hearth process or Bessemer process), traces of two pubs (The Cock and The Orange Branch) and a wide range of finds – all indicative of the industrial processes and the everyday lives of the workers. Apart from the discovery of a crozzle layer covering the entire interior of the furnace (not just its base as previously thought), and the detailed impressions of the ferrous bars visible in the surface of the crozzle layer, the remains were very familiar for Sheffield and industrial archaeology.

The post-excavation processes were carried out as usual following industry standards. All our findings have been brought together in a final report held in the digital archive and the physical archive (including the finds) was subsequently deposited with Museums Sheffield under SHEFM:2019.13 and Sheffield Archives. This publication is based on that final report, but edited and updated, so there are some minor differences between the documents. But, inspired by a great deal of public interest during the excavations (and Mili's love for comics), a comic book has also been created and is published here alongside what would otherwise be a more traditional offering.
Computation of the Available Force Set of a 3-RPRR Kinematically-Redundant Planar Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Arsenault Marc , Boudreau Roger A. , Nokleby Scott B.
Published: May 2021

An algorithm is developed to determine the Available Force Set (AFS) of the 3-RPRR kinematically-redundant planar parallel manipulator. The results of the algorithm are verified against a brute force approach and are found to yield exact results with significantly less computational time. The use of the AFS in a robot design context is illustrated through the analysis of two performance indices: the maximum pure force capable of being applied in any direction and the maximum pure force capable of being applied in a given direction. The algorithm is used to compute the AFS and the performance indices throughout the 3-RPRR robot's workspace. The proposed methodology is a useful tool for the design and analysis of the 3-RPRR robot and could be adapted to other kinematically-redundant planar parallel manipulators.
Simulation of pulsed ultrasonic diffraction in viscous fluids using transmission line matrix method
Authors: Alia Ahlem , Tsuchiya Takao
Published: May 2021

Ultrasonic fields propagating in viscous media undergo changes in shape due to diffraction, attenuation, and dispersion. Until now, some implementations in the transmission line matrix (TLM) method has been developed to simulate either diffraction or attenuation but never both. In this work, the quadratic frequency dependence of the absorption coefficient as well as the dispersive effect of a viscous fluid are introduced in the TLM method. The idea is to decompose the emitted wave into its components at different frequencies using Fourier transform. Then, dispersion and attenuation effects are considered for each wave component separately before superposing them to get the required acoustic response. This is possible because each one of them is characterized by a constant absorption coefficient and propagates at a single speed. This TLM model has been applied to the diffracted ultrasonic field by a circular transducer radiating a short pulse in a viscous fluid. The obtained waveforms are interpreted in terms of plane and edge waves. A study of the influence of the most important parameters on the waveform of the detected ultrasonic pulses is performed. The numerical results obtained highlight the attenuation effect on the waves' shapes and the influence of the dispersion on their arrival times.
Prevalent, protective, and convergent IgG recognition of SARS-CoV-2 non-RBD spike epitopes
Authors: Voss William N. , Hou Yixuan J. , Johnson Nicole V. , Delidakis George , Kim Jin Eyun , Javanmardi Kamyab , Horton Andrew P. , Bartzoka Foteini , Paresi Chelsea J. , Tanno Yuri , Chou Chia-Wei , Abbasi Shawn A. , Pickens Whitney , George Katia , Boutz Daniel R. , Towers Dalton M. , McDaniel Jonathan R. , Billick Daniel , Goike Jule , Rowe Lori , Batra Dhwani , Pohl Jan , Lee Justin , Gangappa Shivaprakash , Sambhara Suryaprakash , Gadush Michelle , Wang Nianshuang , Person Maria D. , Iverson Brent L. , Gollihar Jimmy D. , Dye John M. , Herbert Andrew S. , Finkelstein Ilya J. , Baric Ralph S. , McLellan Jason S. , Georgiou George , Lavinder Jason J. , Ippolito Gregory C.
Published: May 2021

A public anti-COVID antibody repertoire

Most analyses of the antibody responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have focused on antibodies cloned from memory B cells. This approach has led researchers to conclude that neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) primarily target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus's spike protein. Voss
et al.
took a different approach, using proteomic deconvolution of the serum immunoglobulin G antibody repertoire from four COVID-19 convalescent patients. They found that the nAb response was largely directed against epitopes such as the N-terminal domain (NTD), which lie outside the RBD. Several of these nAbs were shared among donors and targeted an NTD epitope that is frequently mutated by variants of concern.

Science
, abg5268, this issue p.
1108
Ischaemic colitis diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy during pregnancy
Authors: Ito Tsubasa , Takasaki Kazuki , Takada Minori , Tomioka Akira
Published: May 2021

A 21-year-old woman visited out hospital for lower abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea at 19 weeks of pregnancy. Endoscopic findings revealed longitudinal ulcerations with hyperaemia and oedema in the sigmoid colon. These findings and clinical presentation confirmed the diagnosis of ischaemic colitis. Conservative treatment, including fasting and intravenous hydration, was administered, and the patient made a good recovery. After discharge, there was no recurrence during pregnancy and postpartum period. It is important to make early diagnosis and treatment, and multidisciplinary teamwork between obstetricians, gastroenterologist and endoscopist is required.
Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa
Authors: Adeyemi Olukemi , Lyons Mary , Njim Tsi , Okebe Joseph , Birungi Josephine , Nana Kevin , Claude Mbanya Jean , Mfinanga Sayoki , Ramaiya Kaushik , Jaffar Shabbar , Garrib Anupam
Published: May 2021

Background

Low-income and middle-income countries are struggling to manage growing numbers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while services for patients with HIV infection are well established. There have been calls for integration of HIV and NCD services to increase efficiency and improve coverage of NCD care, although evidence of effectiveness remains unclear. In this review, we assess the extent to which National HIV and NCD policies in East Africa reflect the calls for HIV-NCD service integration.

Methods

Between April 2018 and December 2020, we searched for policies, strategies and guidelines associated with HIV and NCDs programmes in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Documents were searched manually for plans for integration of HIV and NCD services. Data were analysed qualitatively using document analysis.

Results

Thirty-one documents were screened, and 13 contained action plans for HIV and NCDs service integration. Integrated delivery of HIV and NCD care is recommended in high level health policies and treatment guidelines in four countries in the East African region; Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mostly relating to integrating NCD care into HIV programmes. The increasing burden of NCDs, as well as a move towards person-centred differentiated delivery of services for people living with HIV, is a factor in the recent adoption of integrated HIV and NCD service delivery plans. Both South Sudan and Burundi report a focus on building their healthcare infrastructure and improving coverage and quality of healthcare provision, with no reported plans for HIV and NCD care integration.

Conclusion

Despite the limited evidence of effectiveness, some East African countries have already taken steps towards HIV and NCD service integration. Close monitoring and evaluation of the integrated HIV and NCD programmes is necessary to provide insight into the associated benefits and risks, and to inform future service developments.
Research priorities for the management of freshwater fish habitat in Canada
Authors: Dey Cody J. , Rego Adam I. , Bradford Michael J. , Clarke Keith D. , McKercher Katherine , Mochnacz Neil J. , Paiva Alex de , Ponader Karin , Robichaud Lisa , Winegardner Amanda K. , Berryman Court , Blanchfield Paul J. , Boston Christine M. , Braun Doug , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Burbidge Christopher , Campbell Stuart , Cassidy Alicia , Chu Cindy , Cooke Steven J. , Coombs Daniel , Cooper Jenie , Curry Allen , Cvetkovic Maja , Demers Andréanne , Docker Margaret , Doherty Andrea , Doka Susan E. , Dunmall Karen , Edwards Brie , Enders Eva C. , Fisher Neil , Gauthier-Ouellet Marika , Glass William , Harris Les N. , Hasler Caleb , Hill Jaclyn , Hinch Scott G. , Hodgson Emma E. , Hwang Jason , Jeffries Ken M. , King Lonnie , Kiriluk Rick , Knight Rob , Levy Alex , MacDonald Jennifer , Mackereth Rob , McLaughlin Rob , Minns Charles K. , Moore Jonathan W. , Nantel Karine , Nessman Chantal , Normand Claude , O’Connor Constance M. , Paulic Joclyn , Phalen Laura , Post John , Pratt Thomas C. , Reid Scott M. , Rose C. Alwyn , Rosenfeld Jordan , Smokorowski Karen E. , Sooley Darrin , Taylor Mark K. , Treberg Jason , Trottier Jacques , Tunney Tyler D. , Veilleux Marie-Pierre , Watkinson Doug A. , Watts Dean , Winfield Karen , Ziegler Jacob P. , Midwood Jonathan D. , Koops Marten A.
Published: May 2021

Effective management of freshwater fish habitat is essential to supporting healthy aquatic ecosystems and sustainable fisheries. In Canada, recent changes to the Fisheries Act enhanced the protection of fish habitat, but application of those provisions relies on sound scientific evidence. We employed collaborative research prioritization methods to identify scientific research questions that, if addressed, would significantly advance the management of freshwater fish habitat in Canada. This list was generated by a diverse group of freshwater fish experts, including substantial contributions from practitioners who administer provisions of the Fisheries Act. The research questions generated in this study identify priority topics for future research, while highlighting issues that could be addressed with different funding models. As a result, this study should support evidence-based management of Canada’s aquatic resources by identifying scientific knowledge gaps faced by practitioners, and suggesting mechanisms to address them. Given the important contribution of Canadian freshwater systems to global ecosystem values, and the similar scientific challenges facing fish habitat managers in other jurisdictions, this study is likely to have broad applicability.
AAC Oravena oat
Authors: Mitchell Fetch Jennifer W. , Stanley Katherine , Entz Martin , Fox Stephen L. , Spaner Dean , Kirk Anne , Vaisman Iris , Brown P.D. , Ames N. , Chong J. , Fetch T.G. , Haber S.M. , McCartney C.A. , Menzies J.G. , Tekauz A. , Townley-Smith T.F. , Nilsen K.T. , Hamilton K.D. , Green D.A.
Published: May 2021

AAC Oravena is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar selected and developed under organic management. AAC Oravena yields well under organic and conventional production systems, compared with check cultivars. AAC Oravena has good milling quality. AAC Oravena was registered (Reg. No. 7561) by the Variety Registration Office, Canada Food Inspection Agency, on 3 July 2014.
Optimization of deposition parameters for MPCVD diamond coatings grown on WC-Co substrates using the Taguchi and analytical hierarchy process methods
Authors: Jian Xiaogang , Hu Jibo , Tang Jinyao , Ma Qianli
Published: May 2021

In this study, substrate temperature (t), total pressure (p), methane flow (M), and carbon dioxide flow (C) were examined for depositing diamond coatings on cemented tungsten carbide substrates (WC-Co; 6 wt.%) under an atmosphere of CH4–H2–CO2. The Taguchi method and analytical hierarchy process method were used to plan the parameters and the sequencing of the parameters, respectively. The results show that three schemes with improved parameters could be identified using the Taguchi method, and the best sequence for these parameters (t = 750 °C; p = 6 kPa; M = 7 mL/min; C = 4 mL/min) was obtained using the analytical hierarchy process method; these results were verified experimentally.
Light Majorana neutrinos in (semi)invisible meson decays
Authors: Bortolato Blaž , Kamenik Jernej F.
Published: May 2021

We reconsider decays of pseudoscalar mesons (P) to neutrino pairs and possibly additional photons in presence of (light) Majorana neutrinos. For this purpose we derive a model-independent general parametrization of neutrino mass matrices with physically interpretable and irreducible set of parameters. The parametrization is valid for any number of neutrinos and interpolates smoothly between the heavy Majorana and the (pseudo)Dirac neutrino limits. We apply the new parametrization to the study of $$P \rightarrow \nu \nu $$

P
→
ν
ν

and $$P \rightarrow \nu \nu \gamma $$

P
→
ν
ν
γ

decays within the SM extended by additional singlet fermions. We update the SM predictions for the branching ratios of $$B_{s,d} \rightarrow \nu \nu \gamma $$

B

s
,
d

→
ν
ν
γ

and discuss the sensitivity of the $$B_{s,d} \rightarrow E_{\mathrm{miss}} (\gamma )$$

B

s
,
d

→

E
miss

(
γ
)

decays to neutrino mass and mixing parameters.
Vision-based Autonomous Vehicle Recognition
Authors: Boukerche Azzedine , Ma Xiren
Published: May 2021

Vision-based Automated Vehicle Recognition (VAVR) has attracted considerable attention recently. Particularly given the reliance on emerging deep learning methods, which have powerful feature extraction and pattern learning abilities, vehicle recognition has made significant progress. VAVR is an essential part of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The VAVR system can fast and accurately locate a target vehicle, which significantly helps improve regional security. A comprehensive VAVR system contains three components: Vehicle Detection (VD), Vehicle Make and Model Recognition (VMMR), and Vehicle Re-identification (VRe-ID). These components perform coarse-to-fine recognition tasks in three steps. In this article, we conduct a thorough review and comparison of the state-of-the-art deep learning--based models proposed for VAVR. We present a detailed introduction to different vehicle recognition datasets used for a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed models. We also critically discuss the major challenges and future research trends involved in each task. Finally, we summarize the characteristics of the methods for each task. Our comprehensive model analysis will help researchers that are interested in VD, VMMR, and VRe-ID and provide them with possible directions to solve current challenges and further improve the performance and robustness of models.
Assessing the Performance of Interactive Multiobjective Optimization Methods
Authors: Afsar Bekir , Miettinen Kaisa , Ruiz Francisco
Published: May 2021

Interactive methods are useful decision-making tools for multiobjective optimization problems, because they allow a decision-maker to provide her/his preference information iteratively in a comfortable way at the same time as (s)he learns about all different aspects of the problem. A wide variety of interactive methods is nowadays available, and they differ from each other in both technical aspects and type of preference information employed. Therefore, assessing the performance of interactive methods can help users to choose the most appropriate one for a given problem. This is a challenging task, which has been tackled from different perspectives in the published literature. We present a bibliographic survey of papers where interactive multiobjective optimization methods have been assessed (either individually or compared to other methods). Besides other features, we collect information about the type of decision-maker involved (utility or value functions, artificial or human decision-maker), the type of preference information provided, and aspects of interactive methods that were somehow measured. Based on the survey and on our own experiences, we identify a series of desirable properties of interactive methods that we believe should be assessed.
Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Brain Imaging Data Analysis
Authors: Tang Yunbo , Chen Dan , Li Xiaoli
Published: May 2021

The past century has witnessed the grand success of brain imaging technologies, such as electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging, in probing cognitive states and pathological brain dynamics for neuroscience research and neurology practices. Human brain is “the most complex object in the universe,” and brain imaging data (
BID
) are routinely of multiple/many attributes and highly non-stationary. These are determined by the nature of
BID
as the recordings of the evolving processes of the brain(s) under examination in various views. Driven by the increasingly high demands for precision, efficiency, and reliability in neuro-science and engineering tasks, dimensionality reduction has become a priority issue in
BID
analysis to handle the notoriously high dimensionality and large scale of big
BID
sets as well as the enormously complicated interdependencies among data elements. This has become particularly urgent and challenging in this big data era.

Dimensionality reduction theories and methods manifest unrivaled potential in revealing key insights to
BID
via offering the low-dimensional/tiny representations/features, which may preserve critical characterizations of massive neuronal activities and brain functional and/or malfunctional states of interest. This study surveys the most salient work along this direction conforming to a 3-dimensional taxonomy with respect to (1) the
scale
of
BID
, of which the design with this consideration is important for the potential applications; (2) the
order
of
BID
, in which a higher order denotes more
BID
attributes manipulatable by the method; and (3)
linearity
, in which the method’s degree of linearity largely determines the “fidelity” in
BID
exploration. This study defines criteria for qualitative evaluations of these works in terms of effectiveness, interpretability, efficiency, and scalability. The classifications and evaluations based on the taxonomy provide comprehensive guides to (1) how existing research and development efforts are distributed and (2) their performance, features, and potential in influential applications especially when involving big data. In the end, this study crystallizes the open technical issues and proposes research challenges that must be solved to enable further researches in this area of great potential.
Recent Advances in Microfluidically Spun Microfibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Magnani Joseph Scott , Montazami Reza , Hashemi Nicole N.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the unique and tunable properties of microfluidically spun microfibers have led to tremendous advancements for the field of biomedical engineering, which have been applied to areas such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, and drug delivery, as well as cell encapsulation and cell seeding. In this article, we analyze the most recent advances in microfluidics and microfluidically spun microfibers, with an emphasis on biomedical applications. We explore in detail these new and innovative experiments, how microfibers are made, the experimental purpose of making microfibers, and the future work that can be done as a result of these new types of microfibers. We also focus on the applications of various materials used to fabricate microfibers, as well as their many promises and limitations.
The Construction Method of the Digital Operation Environment for Bridge Cranes
Authors: Zhao Keyuan , Zhou Qicai , Xiong Xiaolei , Zhao Jiong
Published: May 2021

To realize real-time detection of the operating environment of bridge cranes, this paper presents a three-dimensional mapping method using a binocular camera and laser ranging sensor. First, the left and right images are obtained by using the binocular camera, and the block matching is used for stereo correspondence to obtain the disparity image. Then, according to the reprojection matrix and the disparity image, the depth value of each pixel is obtained, and the depth image can be transformed into a three-dimensional point cloud of the current frame. Relying on the camera position data obtained by the laser ranging sensor, the three-dimensional point cloud generated from different positions is registered to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud of the craneʼs global operating environment. Finally, an octree map is used to represent the operating environment. To simulate the construction process of the operating environment of the bridge crane, an experimental platform was built, and experiments were carried out using the method proposed in this paper. The experimental results verified the feasibility of the method proposed in this paper.
Denoising of 3D Brain MR Images with Parallel Residual Learning of Convolutional Neural Network Using Global and Local Feature Extraction
Authors: Wu Liang , Hu Shunbo , Liu Changchun
Published: May 2021

Magnetic resonance (MR) images often suffer from random noise pollution during image acquisition and transmission, which impairs disease diagnosis by doctors or automated systems. In recent years, many noise removal algorithms with impressive performances have been proposed. In this work, inspired by the idea of deep learning, we propose a denoising method named 3D‐Parallel‐RicianNet, which will combine global and local information to remove noise in MR images. Specifically, we introduce a powerful dilated convolution residual (DCR) module to expand the receptive field of the network and to avoid the loss of global features. Then, to extract more local information and reduce the computational complexity, we design the depthwise separable convolution residual (DSCR) module to learn the channel and position information in the image, which not only reduces parameters dramatically but also improves the local denoising performance. In addition, a parallel network is constructed by fusing the features extracted from each DCR module and DSCR module to improve the efficiency and reduce the complexity for training a denoising model. Finally, a reconstruction (REC) module aims to construct the clean image through the obtained noise deviation and the given noisy image. Due to the lack of ground‐truth images in the real MR dataset, the performance of the proposed model was tested qualitatively and quantitatively on one simulated T1‐weighted MR image dataset and then expanded to four real datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed 3D‐Parallel‐RicianNet network achieves performance superior to that of several state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, structural similarity index, and entropy metric. In particular, our method demonstrates powerful abilities in both noise suppression and structure preservation.
Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer based on Ensemble Deep Learning Network using Colposcopy Images
Authors: Chandran Venkatesan , Sumithra M. G. , Karthick Alagar , George Tony , Deivakani M. , Elakkiya Balan , Subramaniam Umashankar , Manoharan S.
Published: May 2021

Traditional screening of cervical cancer type classification majorly depends on the pathologist’s experience, which also has less accuracy. Colposcopy is a critical component of cervical cancer prevention. In conjunction with precancer screening and treatment, colposcopy has played an essential role in lowering the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer over the last 50 years. However, due to the increase in workload, vision screening causes misdiagnosis and low diagnostic efficiency. Medical image processing using the convolutional neural network (CNN) model shows its superiority for the classification of cervical cancer type in the field of deep learning. This paper proposes two deep learning CNN architectures to detect cervical cancer using the colposcopy images; one is the VGG19 (TL) model, and the other is CYENET. In the CNN architecture, VGG19 is adopted as a transfer learning for the studies. A new model is developed and termed as the Colposcopy Ensemble Network (CYENET) to classify cervical cancers from colposcopy images automatically. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity are estimated for the developed model. The classification accuracy for VGG19 was 73.3%. Relatively satisfied results are obtained for VGG19 (TL). From the kappa score of the VGG19 model, we can interpret that it comes under the category of moderate classification. The experimental results show that the proposed CYENET exhibited high sensitivity, specificity, and kappa scores of 92.4%, 96.2%, and 88%, respectively. The classification accuracy of the CYENET model is improved as 92.3%, which is 19% higher than the VGG19 (TL) model.
Vaginal Laceration in an Open Pelvic Fracture Case Report: A Novel, Prophylactic Antibiotic Delivery Mechanism
Authors: Suneja Nishant , Tischler Eric H. , Lockwood Skye , Wolfert Adam J. , Martingano Daniel , Praditpan Piyapa , Lyon Thomas
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Rotational displaced pelvic ring injuries are associated with internal injuries to both the gastrointestinal and genitourinary viscera and anatomic structures. Vaginal lacerations and open genitourinary-associated injuries are at increased risk of mortality due to sepsis. Case Presentation. This case presents a 65-year-old female status post-pedestrian-vehicle struck diagnosed with an open pelvic fracture with extension into the outer one-third of the vaginal wall. The patient was successfully treated with emergent surgical debridement, pelvic stabilization, and internal placement of a novel combination of metronidazole antibiotic gel and vancomycin/tobramycin Polymethyl methacrylate beads. Conclusion. No evidence of infection was observed with the use of topical metronidazole-coated vancomycin/tobramycin Polymethyl methacrylate beads for contaminated open pelvic fracture injury involving the vaginal wall. Further research on antibiotic gels for use in high-risk open fractures is required.
Polarized Laser Backscattering of Atmospheric Cloud Distribution Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Ren Shenhe , Gao Ming , Wang Mingjun , Li Yan
Published: May 2021

Meteorological forecasting can not only reduce the losses caused by natural disasters to human society but also has a very important significance in the fields of water conservancy, aviation, and transportation. In order to improve the accuracy of meteorological forecasting, we should focus on the in-depth optical analysis of atmospheric cloud distribution. Compared with forward-scattered laser light, backscattered laser light can save more optical information. Therefore, this paper studies the backscattering of polarized laser light distributed in atmospheric clouds. In this study, a simulated annealing algorithm was used to invert the data of spaceborne lidar to obtain the depolarization degree and backscattering coefficient of atmospheric clouds and aerosols at different heights. Finally, based on the radar measurement example, the simulated annealing algorithm was used to analyze the atmospheric information of sunny, cloudy, and hazy weather in summer and winter, and the atmospheric depolarization and backscattering coefficients corresponding to different weather heights were obtained. The corresponding cloud layer type was judged. The research results prove the feasibility of the simulated annealing algorithm in the study of polarized laser backscattering in atmospheric cloud distribution. This study provides new ideas for radar data processing methods and provides a theoretical basis for further research in the field of meteorological forecasting.
Comparison of Actual Performance in the Flow and Fraction of Inspired O2 among Different High-Flow Nasal Cannula Devices: A Bench Study
Authors: Zhou Yuyan , Ni Zhong , Ni Yuenan , Liang Binmiao , Liang Zongan
Published: May 2021

Background. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has been recommended for use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute respiratory failure and many other clinical conditions. HFNC devices produced by different manufacturers may have varied performance. Whether there is a difference in these devices and the extent of the differences in performance remain unknown. Methods. Four HFNC devices (AIRVO 2, TNI softFlow 50, HUMID-BH, and OH-70C) and a ventilator with an HFNC module (bellavista 1000) were evaluated. The flow was set at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, and 80 L/min, and the FiO2 was set at 21%, 26%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. Then, one side of the cannulas was clipped to simulate the compression, bending, or blocking of the nasal cannulas. The flow and FiO2 of the delivered gas were recorded and compared among settings and devices. Results. The actual-flow and actual-FiO2 delivered by different settings and devices varied. AIRVO 2 had superior performance in flow and FiO2 accuracy. bellavista 1000 and OH-70C had good performance in the accuracy of actual-flows and actual-FiO2, respectively. bellavista 1000 and HUMID-BH had a larger flow range from 10 to 80 L/min, but only bellavista 1000 could provide a stable flow with an excessive resistance up to 60 L/min. TNI softFlow 50 had the best flow compensation and could provide sufficient flow with excessive resistance at 20–50 L/min. Conclusions. The variation in flow, FiO2 settings, and devices could influence the actual-flow and actual-FiO2 delivered. AIRVO 2 and OH-70C showed better FiO2 accuracy. TNI softFlow 50, bellavista 1000, and HUMID-BH could lower the risk of insufficient flow support due to accidental compression or blocking of the cannulas. In addition, ventilators with HFNC modules provided comparable flow and FiO2 and could be an alternative to standalone HFNC devices.
A Bioinformatic Investigation of the Mechanism Underlying Migraine‐Induced Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Ji-sheng , Deng Sheng , Zhao Qi , Zhang Kai-ge , Bao Bing-hao , Feng Jun-long , Meng Fan-chao , Dai Heng-heng , Li Xiao , Li Hai-song , Wang Bin
Published: May 2021

Background. Over recent years, an increasing body of literature has focused on the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and migraine. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. Materials and Methods. We used a bioinformatic database to predict the targets and pathways associated with migraine and ED. Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (Group A, n = 10) and a migraine model group (Group B, n = 10). The rats in Group A were subcutaneously injected with normal saline (2 ml/kg) into the back of the neck. Rats in Group B were subcutaneously injected with nitroglycerin 10 mg/kg (5 mg/ml) into the back of the neck in order to create an animal model of migraine. Next, we carried out the measurement of erectile function. We used hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to compare the tissue structure of the cavernous body of the penis. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of PI3K, p‐AKT, and p‐mTOR in the protein; Reverse Transcription‐Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to determine the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Results. There are 117 intersection targets of migraine and ED, involving 188 cell biological processes (BP), 21 cellular components (CC), 31 molecular functions (MF), and 65 signaling pathways. HE staining results show that there were no significant differences between Group A and Group B with regard to any of the parameters. Compared with Group A, the levels of the PI3K, p‐AKT, and p‐mTOR proteins and PI3K, AKT, and mTOR mRNAs in Group B decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusions. The decline of erectile function in a rat model of migraine was associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Calycosin Alleviates Injury in Airway Epithelial Cells Caused by PM 2.5 Exposure via Activation of AMPK Signalling
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Luo Jingjing , Bai Xiaoxue , Hua Shucheng , Jie Jing , Liu Han , Gao Jinying , Song Lei
Published: May 2021

Introdution. Calycosin, a major active component in Astragali radix, has antitumour and anti-inflammation properties, but its effects on PM 2.5-induced injury in vitro and in vivo have not been clarified. Methods. Phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to validate changes in the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) p65 nuclear translocation. Mice were administered intraperitoneally with calycosin one hour before anaesthesia and endotracheal instillation of PM 2.5. The extent of lung injury was evaluated in the H&E-stained lung sections. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining. Results. Administration of calycosin was increased in PM 2.5-treated B2B cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Fluorescence signals from anti-NF-кB p65 were increased in nuclei of cells pretreated with calycosin. The level of p-AMPK was increased by calycosin in vitro and in vivo. After pretreatment with compound C, the inhibitory effects of calycosin on cytotoxicity, levels of inflammatory cytokines and p-AMPK, and levels of NF-кB p65 nuclear translocation were not significantly decreased in vitro or in vivo. Conclusions. Calycosin effectively decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines and alleviated injury caused by PM 2.5. These effects were mediated through activation of AMPK to suppress NF-κB signalling.
Application of Data Envelopment and Internet of Things Technology for Asset Value Evaluation
Authors: Wang Lunsheng , Gao Mingwu , Liang Zhenlu
Published: May 2021

Assets are an essential part of an enterprise’s production and an indispensable economic entity for production and operation. The valuation of assets is one such area that has received significant attention in recent years. However, there exist numerous issues from various perspectives. These issues require us to study and explore them further. This article discusses the role of Internet of Things (IoT) and data envelopment methods to improve and develop asset evaluation. Based on the concept of asset evaluation, this paper designs an asset evaluation framework using the IoT. This framework can provide an all-weather and no-delay preparation basis for the asset appraisal work. Moreover, this paper uses data envelopment and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to clean and reclassify asset data. The objective of this algorithm is to solve the nonlinear function optimization problems associated with asset value evaluation. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and practicability of the model by comparing experimental simulation and manual evaluation.
POTS and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Unlikely Association
Authors: Zee Kalvin , Qureshi Shakaib
Published: May 2021

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a rare complication of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Clinically, the presentation has overlapping symptoms of both diseases, with lightheadedness or syncope when moving from a supine to a standing position as well as blood clots, headache, or pregnancy complications in women. This case presentation involves a 39-year-old patient identified as female who has been diagnosed with POTS and elevated anticardiolipin antibodies.
Research on the Natural Language Recognition Method Based on Cluster Analysis Using Neural Network
Authors: Li Guang , Liu Fangfang , Sharma Ashutosh , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim , Alotaibi Youseef , Alsufyani Abdulmajeed , Alghamdi Saleh
Published: May 2021

Withthe technological advent, the clustering phenomenon is recently being used in various domains and in natural language recognition. This article contributes to the clustering phenomenon of natural language and fulfills the requirements for the dynamic update of the knowledge system. This article proposes a method of dynamic knowledge extraction based on sentence clustering recognition using a neural network-based framework. The conversion process from natural language papers to object-oriented knowledge system is studied considering the related problems of sentence vectorization. This article studies the attributes of sentence vectorization using various basic definitions, judgment theorem, and postprocessing elements. The sentence clustering recognition method of the network uses the concept of prereliability as a measure of the credibility of sentence recognition results. An ART2 neural network simulation program is written using MATLAB, and the effect of the neural network on sentence recognition is utilized for the corresponding analysis. A postreliability evaluation indexing is done for the credibility of the model construction, and the implementation steps for the conjunctive rule sentence pattern are specifically introduced. A new method of structural modeling is utilized to generate the structured derivation relationship, thus completing the natural language knowledge extraction process of the object-oriented knowledge system. An application example with mechanical CAD is used in this work to demonstrate the specific implementation of the example, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Loading Gentamicin and Zn2+ on TiO2 Nanotubes to Improve Anticoagulation, Endothelial Cell Growth, and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Lin Yuebin , Zhang Li , Yang Ya , Yang Minhui , Hong Qingxiang , Chang Keming , Dai Juan , Chen Lu , Pan Changjiang , Hu Youdong , Quan Li , Wei Yanchun , Liu Sen , Yang Zhongmei
Published: May 2021

Titanium and its alloys are widely used in blood-contacting implantable and interventional medical devices; however, their biocompatibility is still facing great challenges. In the present study, in order to improve the biocompatibility and antibacterial activities of titanium, TiO2 nanotubes were firstly in situ prepared on the titanium surface by anodization, followed by the introduction of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and gentamicin (GS) on the nanotube surface by layer-by-layer assembly, and finally, zinc ions were loaded on the surface to further improve the bioactivities. The nanotubes displayed excellent hydrophilicity and special nanotube-like structure, which can selectively promote the albumin adsorption, enhance the blood compatibility, and promote the growth of endothelial cells to some degree. After the introduction of PAA and GS, although the superhydrophilicity cannot be achieved, the results of platelet adhesion, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) activity, hemolysis rate, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) showed that the blood compatibility was improved, and the blood compatibility was further enhanced after zinc ion loading. On the other hand, the modified surface showed good cytocompatibility to endothelial cells. The introduction of PAA and zinc ions not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells but also upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO). The slow and continuous release of GS and Zn2+ over 14 days can significantly improve the antibacterial properties. Therefore, the present study provides an effective method for the surface modification of titanium-based blood-contacting materials to simultaneously endow with good blood compatibility, endothelial growth behaviors, and antibacterial properties.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Premature Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Counties During 1999 to 2018
Authors: Song Suhang , Duan Yuqi , Huang Junjie , Wong Martin C S , Chen Hongda , Trisolini Michael G. , Labresh Kenneth A. , Smith Sidney C. , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie
Published: May 2021

Background:

This study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in premature cancer mortality by cancer types, and evaluated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and premature cancer mortality by cancer types.

Methods:

Using multiple databases, cancer mortality was linked to SES and other county characteristics. The outcome measure was cancer mortality among adults ages 25–64 years in 3,028 U.S. counties, from 1999 to 2018. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality were calculated as a concentration index (CI) by income (annual median household income), educational attainment (% with bachelor's degree or higher), and unemployment rate. A hierarchical linear mixed model and dominance analyses were used to investigate SES associated with county-level mortality. The analyses were also conducted by cancer types.

Results:

CIs of SES factors varied by cancer types. Low-SES counties showed increasing trends in mortality, while high-SES counties showed decreasing trends. Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among high-SES counties were larger than those among low-SES counties. SES explained 25.73% of the mortality. County-level cancer mortality was associated with income, educational attainment, and unemployment rate, at −0.24 [95% (CI): −0.36 to −0.12], −0.68 (95% CI: −0.87 to −0.50), and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92–2.07) deaths per 100,000 population with one-unit SES factors increase, respectively, after controlling for health care environment and population health.

Conclusions:

SES acts as a key driver of premature cancer mortality, and socioeconomic inequalities differ by cancer types.

Impact:

Focused efforts that target socioeconomic drivers of mortalities and inequalities are warranted for designing cancer-prevention implementation strategies and control programs and policies for socioeconomically underprivileged groups.
Self-reported Metabolic Risk Factor Associations with Adenomatous, Sessile Serrated, and Synchronous Adenomatous and Sessile Serrated Polyps
Authors: Santiago Celina N. , Rifkin Samara , Drewes Julia , Mullin Gerard , Spence Emma , Hylind Linda M. , Gills Joell J. , Kafonek David , Cromwell David M. , La Luna Louis , Giardello Francis , Sears Cynthia L.
Published: May 2021

Studies have found a positive association between metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, and adenomatous polyps (AP). However, fewer studies have assessed the association between sessile serrated polyps (SSP) or synchronous diagnosis of APs and SSPs (synch polyps). Study participants (N = 1,370; ages 40–85) undergoing screening colonoscopy were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2020. Self-reported metabolic risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and overweight/obesity, were evaluated for associations with new diagnoses of APs, SSPs, and synch polyps at the present colonoscopy. Average participant age was 60.73 ± 8.63 (SD) years; 56.7% were female and 90.9% white. In an assessment of individual metabolic risk factors, adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status, increased body mass index (BMI; overweight or obese vs. normal BMI of <25 kg/m2) was associated with an increased odds for new onset of colon APs (Ptrend < 0.001) as was a diagnosis of diabetes [adjusted conditional OR (aCOR) = 1.59 (1.10–2.29)]. No associations were seen between the metabolic risk factors and onset of SSPs. Being obese or hypertensive each increased the odds of new onset of synch polyps with aCOR values of 2.09 (1.01–4.32) and 1.79 (1.06–3.02), respectively. Self-reported risk factors may help assess polyp type risk. Because SSPs and synch polyps are rare, larger studies are needed to improve our understanding of the contribution of these factors to polyp risk. These data lead us to hypothesize that differences in observed metabolic risk factors between polyp types reflect select metabolic impact on pathways to colorectal cancer.

Prevention Relevance:

Self-reported medical history provides valuable insight into polyp risk, potentially enabling the use of larger retrospective studies of colonoscopy populations to assess knowledge gaps. More aggressive colonoscopy screening, critical to colorectal cancer prevention, may be considered in populations of individuals with metabolic risk factors and modifiable lifestyle risk factors.
revisão de texto por pares como metodologia ativa para o aprimoramento da escrita acadêmica
Authors: Marquesi Sueli Cristina , Aguiar Andréa Pisan Soares
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo apresentar a aplicação da metodologia de aprendizagem por pares adaptada a uma atividade de revisão de texto acadêmico, especificamente de resumo de dissertação de mestrado. Para o desenvolvimento dessa proposta, buscamos o aporte teórico que trata de metodologias ativas, bem como de interação e de escrita como processo recursivo, do qual faz parte a etapa de revisão. Entendemos que abordar o ensino da escrita acadêmica da perspectiva de tais metodologias permite alinhá-lo ao paradigma atual, segundo o qual, o aluno assume um papel ativo na própria aprendizagem, e o professor torna-se um orientador de caminhos que possibilitam a construção individual e coletiva de conhecimentos.
Impeachment de Dilma Rousseff: estratégias argumentativas em editoriais do jornal O Globo
Authors: Giering Maria Eduarda , Klein Caldas Júlia
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa analisa estratégias argumentativas utilizadas nos editoriais do jornal O Globo, “Reformar a Previdência seria bom começo de Temer” e “Otimismo com o novo tom do Planalto”, veiculados durante o processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Nosso objetivo é identificar como os editoriais constroem os personagens envolvidos no processo e como a mídia pode influenciar a opinião pública. A metodologia considera a situação de comunicação em que se inserem os editoriais, os procedimentos da construção enunciativa e os elementos de base da relação argumentativa. Como conclusão, identificaram-se, nos editoriais analisados, o engajamento do locutor na defesa de uma tese favorável à destituição da então presidenta Dilma e a expressão da Opinião, que desqualifica o lulismo e o PT, por meio da modalidade delocutiva.
A teoria do subdesenvolvimento e o projeto desenvolvimentista de Celso Furtado
Authors: Cepêda Vera , Pinto Gustavo Louis Henrique
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho examina um aspecto importante na obra de Celso Furtado: a crítica às disfunções da ideologia liberal em situação de subdesenvolvimento em economias primário-exportadoras. Partindo da recusa dos automatismos de mercado, Furtado indica uma função para a ação política do Estado, dotado de maior protagonismo e capacidade de intervenção. O antiliberalismo de suas teses não se inclina à tradição autoritária, ao contrário, produzindo uma inédita percepção de necessidades democráticas para o projeto desenvolvimentista.
Celso Furtado, intérprete da dependência
Authors: Manzatto Rômulo , Saes Alexandre
Published: May 2021

O artigo examina os usos e os sentidos da ideia de dependência no pensamento de Celso Furtado. Para isso, realizamos breve reconstituição do contexto em que as obras e as ideias do autor foram produzidas e acompanhamos as diferentes dimensões da interação entre subdesenvolvimento e dependência na trajetória de Furtado.