bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the production of glucose isomerase by Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Nwokoro Ogbonnaya
Published: September 2015

This work reports the effects of some culture conditions on the production of glucose isomerase by Bacillus licheniformis. The bacterium was selected based on the release of 3.62 mg/mL fructose from the fermentation of glucose. Enzyme was produced using a variety of carbon substrates but the highest enzyme activity was detected in a medium containing 0.5% xylose and 1% glycerol (specific activity = 6.88 U/mg protein). Media containing only xylose or glucose gave lower enzyme productivies (specific activities= 4.60 and 2.35 U/mg protein respectively). The effects of nitrogen substrates on glucose isomerase production showed that yeast extract supported maximum enzyme activity (specific activity = 5.24 U/mg protein). Lowest enzyme activity was observed with sodium trioxonitrate (specific activity = 2.44 U/mg protein). In general, organic nitrogen substrates supported higher enzyme productivity than inorganic nitrogen substrates. Best enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Mg2+ (specific activity = 6.85 U/mg protein) while Hg2+ was inhibitory (specific activity = 1.02 U/mg protein). The optimum pH for best enzyme activity was 6.0 while optimum temperature for enzyme production was 50ºC.
Experimental analysis of an effect of the nutrient type and its concentration on the rheological properties of the baker’s yeast suspensions
Authors: Major-Godlewska Marta , Bitenc Marcelina , Karcz Joanna
Published: September 2015

The aim of the study presented was to experimentally analyze an effect of the nutrient type and its concentration on the variability of rheological properties of the baker’s yeast suspensions for different time periods. Aqueous suspensions of the baker’s yeast of various concentration (solution I, without nutrient) and yeasts suspended in aqueous solution of sucrose or honey as nutrients with different concentration (solution II or solution III) were tested. Experiments were carried out using rotational rheoviscometer of type RT10 by a company HAAKE. The measurements were conducted for different time periods (from 1 h up to 144 h) at given fluid temperature. On the basis of the obtained data, rheological characteristics of the aqueous solution of baker’s yeast suspensions without and with nutrients of different sucrose or honey concentration were identified and mathematically described.
Electrical percolation in composites of conducting polymers and dielectrics
Authors: Katunin Andrzej , Krukiewicz Katarzyna
Published: September 2015

This article deals with the electrical conductivity of a composite of two polymers, one of which is a conducting polymer, whereas the second is a dielectric. The problem was formulated within the framework of electrical percolation, i.e., the percolation thresholds, which allow for a high electrical conductivity, is under investigation. For this purpose, a numerical model was developed, and its parameters were analyzed and discussed. Based on the determined thresholds, it was possible to evaluate the weight ratios of the conducting-dielectric polymers in a composite. The proposed approach allows for reducing the manufacturing cost of composite material with respect to conducting polymers with simultaneous retaining of high conductance properties of conducting polymers, as well as durability and flexibility of dielectrics.
Intraventricular entrapment of shunt catheter causing shunt malfunction
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Umamaheswara Reddy V. , Sandeep Yashwant
Published: September 2015

Intraventricular septations can lead to compartmentalization of the ventricles that can result in “complex or loculated hydrocephalus”. We report a case of 7 year old female child who underwent multiple shunt revisions where there was intraventricular entrapment of shunt catheter leading to obstruction of the shunt and malfunction. In present case we placed the ventricular catheter in contra-lateral ventricle with good clinical outcome. With the recent advancements endoscopic guided removal of the old malfunctioning ventricular catheters is considered the safest option.
Intraoperative contralateral extradural hematoma during evacuation of traumatic acute extradural hematoma
Authors: Sharma Anand , Sharma Arti , Dewan Yashbir
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Extradural hematomas (EDHs) accounts for approximately 2% of patients following head trauma and 5-15% of patients with fatal head injuries. When indicated, the standard surgical management consists of evacuation of the hematoma via craniotomy. Intraoperative development of acute extradural hematoma (AEDH) on the contralateral side following evacuation of acute extradural hematoma is uncommon and very few cases have been reported.

Case report: We report a case of 28 year-old-male who suffered from a severe head injury following assault and diagnosed as acute extradural hematoma over right fronto-parietal region with midline shift towards left. Patient underwent emergency craniotomy with acute EDH evacuation. Following evacuation of acute EDH the duramater was tense which was unusual finding. With anticipation of underling acute SDH small durotomy was done, but there were no sub dural hematoma. Bone flap were repositioned and closure were done. Patient was shifted for NCCT head from OT, which revealed 2.7cm acute EDH over left frantoparietal region. Patient was again shifted back to OT and left frontoparietal craniotomy with evacuation of hematoma was done. Postoperative NCCT head was satisfactory. However, the patient remained severely disabled.

Conclusion: Formation of contralateral EDH after AEDH surgery is a rare but potentially dangerous complication. A high degree of suspicion should be kept for contralateral extradural hematoma if during surgery there is tense duramater following AEDH evacuation. We would advise urgent NCCT head especially if a fracture is demonstrated on the preoperative CT scan on contralateral side. This would save some invaluable time, which may help in changing the outcome in some of the patients.
Follicular carcinoma of thyroid presenting as brain metastasis
Authors: Grandhi Bhavana , Syamasundara Byna , Agarwal Amit , Umamaheshwara Reddy P.
Published: September 2015

Metastatic brain tumors are a major cause of mortality in cancer patients. The primary tumor is most commonly seen in the lung, breast, colon and kidney and very rarely in the thyroid. We discuss a case of a 55year old lady with presenting complaints of seizures. There is a past history of carcinoma thyroid for which she had underwent total thyroidectomy. Craniotomy was done and histopathological examination revealed metastatic deposits from follicular carcinoma thyroid.
Bi-Hamiltonian Structure of Multi-Component Yajima-Oikawa Hierarchy
Authors: Li Hongmin , Li Yuqi , Chen Yong
Published: September 2015

In this article, we construct the bi-Hamiltonian structure of the multi-component Yajima-Oikawa hierarchy.
Theoretical Studies Regarding the Aromaticity of Some Non-Planar Circulenes
Authors: Pop Raluca , Medeleanu Mihai , van Staden Jacobus , Diudea Mircea
Published: September 2015

The aromatic character of three non-planar circulenes has been
investigated at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Global
aromaticity descriptors like HOMO-LUMO gap, enthalpy of formation and
exaltation of magnetic susceptibility outline a possible aromatic
character only for circulenes [4:64] and [7:67]. The
viability of isodesmic reaction schemes -for evaluation of the
enthalpies of formation- has been discussed. Local aromaticity
descriptors like HOMA (Harmonic Oscillator Model of Aromaticity), NICS
(Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift) and electronic delocalization
indices have been calculated for each outer ring of circulenes.
Guadalupe and the Castas
Authors: Cline Sarah
Published: September 2015

A mid-eighteenth-century casta painting by Luis de Mena uniquely unites the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe and casta (mixed-race) groupings, along with scenes of everyday life in Mexico, and the natural abundance of New Spain. Reproduced multiple times, the painting has not been systematically analyzed. This article explores individual elements in their colonial context and the potential meanings of the painting in the modern era.

Una pintura de Luis de Mena sobre las castas, de mediados del siglo xviii, reúne de manera singular la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe, los agrupamientos de castas y escenas de la vida cotidiana en México, junto con la abundancia natural de Nueva España. Aunque reproducida en múltiples ocasiones, la pintura no ha sido analizada sistemáticamente. Este artículo explora sus elementos individuales en el contexto colonial y los significados potenciales de la pintura en la época moderna.
¿Derechos comunitarios vs. modernidad urbana? La upbcdf y su disputa por los panteones vecinales de la ciudad de México
Authors: Cruz González Óscar , Guillén Diana
Published: September 2015

El artículo analiza el proceso organizativo y de movilización que, teniendo como centro la disputa por los panteones vecinales, se desarrolló en la ciudad de México entre 2001 y 2007. De acuerdo con la normatividad en ese entonces vigente, el control sobre los panteones vecinales correspondía a los pueblos originarios de la ciudad, por lo que las iniciativas para traspasar su manejo a la esfera estatal fueron de inmediato interpretadas como una pérdida de derechos comunales y enfrentadas a través de acciones contenciosas acompañadas de recursos legales. Enmarcado en el supuesto de que es posible construir ejercicios ciudadanos alternos a las formas de participación/representación surgidas de las urnas, el texto documenta tales respuestas e interpreta la emergencia de la Unión de Pueblos, Barrios y Colonias del Distrito Federal, upbcdf, como un actor colectivo con capacidad para incidir en la esfera pública.

This article analyzes the organization and mobilization process that centered on the dispute for the community cemeteries in Mexico City between 2001 and 2007. According to the regulations of the time, control of these cemeteries was held by the native communities of the city, which is why initiatives to grant their management to the State were immediately seen as a loss of communal rights for indigenous people and were met with contentious actions accompanied with legal recourse. Based on the assumption that it is possible to build citizen actions as alternatives to forms of participation/representation that arise from ballots, this article documents such responses and interprets the emergence of the Union of Native Communities, Neighborhoods, and Districts of Mexico City (Unión de Pueblos, Barrios y Colonias del Distrito Federal, upbcdf), as a collective actor with the capacity to impact the public sphere.
The Development of Scientific Reasoning in Medical Education: A Psychological Perspective
Authors: Barz Daniela Luminita , Achimaș-Cadariu Andrei
Published: September 2015

Scientific reasoning has been studied from a variety of theoretical perspectives, which have tried to identify the underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of this particular cognitive process. Scientific reasoning has been defined as a problem-solving process that involves critical thinking in relation to content, procedural, and epistemic knowledge. The development of scientific reasoning in medical education was influenced by current paradigmatic trends, it could be traced along educational curriculum and followed cognitive processes. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the role of scientific reasoning in medical education and outline educational methods for its development.Current evidence suggests that medical education should foster a new ways of development of scientific reasoning, which include exploration of the complexity of scientific inquiry, and also take into consideration the heterogeneity of clinical cases found in practice.
Novel non invasive diagnostic strategies in bladder cancer
Authors: Truta Anamaria , Hodor Popon Tudor Adrian , Saraci George , Ghervan Liviu , Pop Ioan Victor
Published: September 2015

Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, derived from the urothelium of the urinary bladder and defined by long asymptomatic and atypical clinical picture. Its complex etiopathogenesis is dependent on numerous risk factors that can be divided into three distinct categories: genetic and molecular abnormalities, chemical or environmental exposure and  previous genitourinary disorders and family history of different malignancies. Various genetic polymorphisms and microRNA might represent useful diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Genetic and molecular abnormalities - risk factors are represented by miRNA or genetic polymorphisms proved to be part of bladder carcinogenesis such as: genetic mutations of oncogenes TP53, Ras, Rb1 or p21 oncoproteins, cyclin D or genetic polymorhisms of XPD,ERCC1, CYP1B1, NQO1C609T, MDM2SNP309, CHEK2, ERCC6, NRF2, NQO1Pro187Ser polymorphism and microRNA (miR-143, -145, -222, -210, -10b, 576-3p). The aim of our article is to  highlight the most recent acquisitions via molecular biomarkers (miRNAs and genetic polymorphisms) involved in bladder cancer in order to provide early diagnosis, precise therapy according to the molecular profile of bladder tumors, as well as to improve clinical outcome, survival rates and life quality of oncological patients. These molecular biomarkers play a key role in bladder carcinogenesis, clinical evolution, prognosis and therapeutic response and explain the molecular mechanisms involved in bladder carcinogenesis;  they can also be selected as therapeutic targets in developing novel therapeutic strategies in bladder malignancies. Moreover, the purpose in defining these molecular non invasive biomarkers is also to develop non invasive screening programs in bladder malignancies with the result of decreasing bladder cancer incidence in risk population.
A prospective study of the value of pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging examinations for advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Csutak Csaba , Ordeanu Claudia , Nagy Viorica Magdalena , Pop Diana Cristina , Bolboaca Sorana Daniela , Badea Radu , Chiorean Liliana , Dudea Sorin Marian
Published: September 2015

Background and aim. Cervical cancer has high incidence and mortality in developing countries. It is the only gynecological malignancy that is clinically staged. Staging at the time of diagnosis is crucial for treatment planning. After radiation therapy, clinical examination is limited because of radiation changes. An imaging method relatively unaffected by radiation changes would be useful for the assessment of therapy results and for management.We sought to demonstrate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the pre- and post-treatment assessment of cervical cancer.Methods. This was a prospective study, carried out between November 2012 and October 2014 on 18 subjects with advanced-stage cervical cancer diagnosed by colposcopy. The disease stage was determined clinically according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) criteria. Only patients with disease stage ≥ IIB or IIA with one of the tumor dimensions > 4 cm were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent abdominal-pelvic contrast-enhanced MRI as part of the workup. Tumor size, local invasion, involved pelvic lymph nodes, and staging according to MRI criteria were evaluated. Clinical and MRI examinations were also performed after chemoradiotherapy. After chemoradiotherapy, 94% of the patients (17 of 18) were treated surgically.Results. Eighteen patients aged 32–67 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled: 10 stage IIB, 6 stage IIIA, 1 stage IIA and 1 stage IIIB, according to clinical staging. Using histopathological findings as a reference, MRI staging accuracy was 83.3%. The concordance of the clinical stage with MRI stage at the first examination was 56%. Parametrial involvement was assessed on pretreatment and post-treatment MRI, with post-treatment MRI compared with histology. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-therapy gynecological examinations (GYN) and the corresponding MRI assessments as to tumor size measurements (p>0.05). The post-therapy restoration of the cervical stroma ruled out tumor recurrence.Conclusions. For a detailed characterization of loco-regional extension, the calculation of tumor volume, and the evaluation of distant  metastatic changes, clinical examination is insufficient. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful aftertherapy.
Species list and distribution map of the genus Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820 (Cyprinidae: Leuciscinae) in Iran
Authors: Mohammadian-kalat Tooba , Aliabadian Mansour , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Abdolmalaki Shahram , Zamanian Nejhad Rasoul , Vatandoust Saber
Published: September 2015

The genus Alburnus, which belongs to the largest teleost family, Cyprinidae, comprises 38 valid species distributed from Europe to northern parts of Southwest Asia. Herein we provide an updated list of the Alburnus seven valid species registered from Iran.
Xenohyla eugenioi Caramaschi, 1998 (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae): geographic distribution and new record from the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Almeida Rony Peterson Santos , Andrade Hugo , Caramaschi Ulisses , Dias Eduardo José dos Reis
Published: September 2015

The genus Xenohyla is currently composed of two species, X. truncata (Izecksohn, 1959) and Xenohyla eugenioi Caramaschi, 1998. Both species are usually found inside bromeliads; X. truncata inhabits the restingas of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, and X. eugenioi transitional areas between the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga biomes in northeastern Brazil. We report the first record of X. eugenioi in the state of Sergipe, expanding the species geographic distribution by 423.4 km in a straight line in relation to its type locality, in the municipality of Maracás, south-central state of Bahia, Brazil.
Residual Roots as an Anatomical Guide for Implant Placement: Case Series With Two-Year Follow-up
Authors: Mahesh Lanka , Kurtzman Gregori M. , Schwartz David , Shukla Sagrika
Published: September 2015

As placement of implants into immediate sites involves management of the remaining root structure, these residual roots may be used as a guide for the development of osteotomy. This aids in implant positioning and prevents drill slippage into the residual root spaces during osteotomy drilling. Following completion of the osteotomy, the remaining root structure is extracted prior to implant placement into the site. The aim of this study is to assess the success rate of implants when the residual roots were used as anatomical guides for osteotomy. One hundred implants were placed in 57 patients, and 4 different types of implants were used: 47 Bioner TOP DM implants, 20 Nobel Biocare Replace implants, 25 Biohorizons Tapered Internal implants (Birmingham, Ala), and 8 Alpha-Bio Tec SPI Implants. The implants were placed into 57 patients. Osteotomies were placed through intact residual roots, which acted as anatomical guides for implant surgical placement. Patients had a follow-up period of 2 years, and in that time none reported discomfort after implant placement. There were no signs of peri-implantitis observed in any of the patients. Of all the implants placed, the Bioner TOP DM implant showed the least amount of crestal bone loss. Placing implants through residual roots as an anatomical guide is a useful technique that shows good results over a 2-year follow-up period.
Strain crossing in mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus): An avenue to persuade heterosis in F1 generation of wild×hatchery hybrid
Authors: Sayeed Md. Ashkar Bin
Published: September 2015

While the increase of the yield of commercially trendy farmed fishes are of special priority in aquaculture, a number of handy technologies are indispensable to realize the surplus production aiming to feed the growing population. As a genetic means of doing this, hybridization technology has been being used for years, because it can produce hybrid vigor through inducing heterosis. Similar attempt was made in mrigal, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, by crossing the hatchery strain with the riverine strain to investigate the heterotic effect in the progeny the species could generate through such intra-specific hybridization. Mean fertilization and hatching rates in hybrids were found to be lower by 7% and 4% respectively than that in purebreds, which envisioned to be trivial to impact the purpose of crossing. Comparative growth test between purebreds and hybrids showed significant differences (p< 0.05) in weight and length, and resulted 30.51% heterosis in hybrid mrigal. This experiment can be considered as a preliminary investigation to motivate the application of strain crossing in mrigal farming and the result found thereof can be used as a clue to optimize this growth boosting technique for the species through further research.
Fishes of the river Padma, Bangladesh: Current trend and conservation status
Authors: Joadder Md Abdur Razzaq , Galib Shams Muhammad , Haque Sk Md. Mohaimenul , Chaki Nipa
Published: September 2015

The Padma River is one of the longest rivers and it is believed to be an important spawning and feeding ground for riverine fish species of Bangladesh. This study was conducted from February 2013 to January 2014 and with a view to revealing the diversity of fish fauna in the river. A total of 71 species were recorded belonging to 10 orders, 26 families and 54 genera. The most dominant fish order was Cypriniformes contributing 28 species in 16 genera. Cyprinidae was most dominant family contributing 23 species in 16 genera. Four alien species were found. Twenty eight species have been considered threatened by IUCN Bangladesh. These fishes were belonging to the following categories, Vulnerable (13%), Endangered (18%) and Critically Endangered (8%). Comparing the results with the previous findings, it was revealed that the species diversity have declined in the Padma River over time. Considering all the findings it is concluded that the Padma River could be considered a refuge for conservation of threatened freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. The conservation efforts should ensure minimization of anthropogenic impacts, especially the fishing pressure and introduction of alien invasive species.
A study on Oriental Medical Employees’ Perception and the Activation Plan of Oriental Medical Tourism
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Sohn Jeong-Ki , Lee Pan-Jae , Han Sang-Il
Published: September 2015

Many countries and corporation devote themselves to find in Oriental medical tourism industry. The purpose of this study is first, to investigate the Oriental medical employee’s perception of current situation of Oriental medical tourism industry; Second, to suggest a strategy planning for Oriental medical tourism. The survey was undertaken for employees who work at Oriental medical and 103 valid samples were collected. This study used SPSS 18.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, and importance-performance analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, Oriental medical employees think it’s really necessary to revitalize Oriental medical tourism. Second, Oriental medical’ strategy field appeared reasonable order, that is, Oriental skin care, constitutional medicine, Oriental diet, Oriental otorhinolaryngology, and Oriental plastic surgery. Oriental medical tourism promotion and marketing for activation appeared to be in most needed. Oriental medical technology and modernization were to be endeavored for continuous development and maintenance of Oriental medical tourism. Oriental medical tourism professionals, diversity and differentiation of the program, the promotion of products, and government support should be made with interest and efforts.
Evaluation of Web Quality in the Local Government's Tour Guide Homepage: Focusing on Web Standard and Web Accessibility
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Shin Young-Kee
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate quality of local government's tour guide homepage not from the user's perspective but from the perspective of the homepage itself through web standards and web accessibility. In order to evaluate tour guide homepage, web standards and web accessibility were evaluated. For the web standards, Markup and CSS methods were evaluated using UNICORN, an evaluation tool provided by W3C and for the web accessibility, 5 items were evaluated using KWAH, an evaluation tool provided by National Information Society Agency. As the result of web standards, from total of 202 tour guide homepages, 28 (13%) homepages were following the Markup method and 74 (36.6%) homepages were following CSS method. Only 20 (10.3%) homepages were following both the Markup and the CSS methods whilst almost 90% of the tour guide homepages were not following the web standards. As the result of the web accessibility, 18 (8.9%) homepages were following all 5 items and more than 90% of the homepages were confirmed not following the web accessibility.
A Phenomenological Study on Experience of Self Reflexive Leisure
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kwon Jang-Wook , Lee Hoon
Published: September 2015

The objective of this paper is to understand the relationship between self reflexive leisure and subjective well-being using interview method. Happiness may be the ultimate goal of life which is not easy to reach, due to the process of comparison and adaptation. The positive psychologists suggest cognitive activities such as self-regulation and self-reflection attenuate comparison and adaptation, so that they promote subjective well-being. Therefore, Mindfulness, Ki discipline, Yoga which can help promoting self-regulation and subjective well-being were referred as self reflexive leisure in this paper and how these experiences start and continue and how they are involved to subjective well-being were researched. In the result of analysis, self reflexive leisure has a great effect on relieving negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, and conflict. The process of relieving was observed to give a feeling of happiness. However, it does not help to keep the existing cognitive satisfaction or positive emotion for a long time. Meanwhile negative views or prejudices against self reflexive leisure were commonly observed, which hindered from continuing on self reflexive leisure, and this shows that effort is required to neutralize the negative image.
Extending the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior to Understand Tourists' Decision-Making Process for Purchasing Luxury Goods
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jung Ji-Shim , Han Hee-Sup
Published: September 2015

The present study investigated the formation of tourists' intentions to purchase luxury fashion goods during overseas trips. An extended model of goal-directed behavior(EMGB) was developed by examining prior knowledge of overseas shopping. The study sample included tourists who had experienced purchasing luxury fashion goods during their international traveling. The data were collected using a web-based survey. An online research firm's system for survey was utilized. After excluding extreme outliers and eliminating responses not associated with luxury goods, 372 cases were selected for further analysis. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the measurement structure of our model was evaluated. Subsequently, the goodness- of-fit of the EMGB model was evaluated by using the structural equation modeling(SEM). Lastly, the hypothesized relationships were assessed. Our results indicated that the EMGB model contained a satisfactory fit to the data, and the desire among research constructs had the strongest effect on tourists' intention to purchase luxury goods while traveling abroad. Desire to purchase was found to be a significant function of subjective norm, positive anticipated emotion, perceived behavioral control, frequency of past behavior, and prior knowledge. The findings of the current study contribute to clearly understanding international shopping travelers' decision- making process and can be effectively utilized for inventing marketing strategy in the luxury- goods industry.
Analysis of Relation between Servicescape, Use Density and Visitor's Satisfaction: Focusing on Water Park
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kwon Yeon-Kyung , Choi Young-Seok , Choi Seung-Dam
Published: September 2015

This study is to analyze the effect of servicescape on the satisfaction of visitors to water park and role of the density as a moderating variable. The hypotheses were formulated for the study and the in-depth empirical analysis was made on the Wongjin Playdoci Water Park. The analysis results showed that the Water Park's servicescape is composed of four factors such as 'attractiveness', 'comfort', 'convenience and safety‘ and ’facility's diversity‘. It looks like that the elements of 'attractiveness', 'comfort', 'safety' and 'facility's diversity’ reflect the physical environment of the water park. On the other hand, the verification of the hypotheses showed the followings. The hypothesis 1 stating that the components of the service scape affects the satisfaction of visitors was supported and it was found that the factors are affecting the satisfaction of visitors in the order of 'attractiveness', 'facility's diversity', 'convenience and safety' and 'comfort'. In addition, the hypothesis 2 stating that the effect of factors of the servicescape on the satisfaction of visitor depends on the use density was also supported. The study results have the implications that in case of water park, the attractiveness shall be put priority for the enhanced satisfaction of visitors in the same as the general theme parks and that the detailed consideration shall be given to the 'comfort' and 'convenience and safety' as they show the big difference in the satisfaction depending on the use density, which is the moderating variable. This study has meaning that it has derived the factors of servicescape in the water park and that the role of use density has been verified in the relation between servicescape and the satisfaction.
Analysis of Strategic Factors and Priority for Korean Wave(Hallyu) Tourism Using AHP
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, An So-Hyun , Kim Namhyun , Lee Choong-Ki
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify strategic factors of Korean Wave(Hallyu) tourism. This study, specifically, explored the determinants of invigorating Korean Wave(Hallyu) tourism and their priority by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Data were collected from 25 experts in the field of Korean Wave(Hallyu) tourism. AHP hierarchical structure consisted of 5 main determinants with 18 components, which included Korean Wave tour product, tour service quality, sales and distribution, promotion and marketing activities, and Korean Wave(Hallyu) policy. The results of AHP analysis indicate that the most important determinant of 5 main determinants was Korean Wave tour product, followed by promotion and marketing activities, tour service quality, sales and distribution, and Korean Wave(Hallyu) policy in that order. The diversity of Korean Wave tour product regarding tour type, tour price, and tour theme was the most critical determinant of Korean Wave(Hallyu) tourism among 18 components. The findings will provide policy makers and managers with practical implications for invigorating Korean Wave(Hallyu) tourism.
Relationship of Participation Motivation in Running, Self-Efficacy, Serious Leisure and Psychological Commitment
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Bo-Mi
Published: September 2015

This study was to examine the relationships among runner’s motivation, self-efficacy, serious leisure and psychological commitment. The sample consisted of 277 runners who started running 6 months before the survey or had a experience of running a half marathon. Based on the results of the survey, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis was applied to identify the relative influence of each variable on psychological commitment. Hierarchical regression showed that runner’s motivation, self-efficacy, serious leisure influenced psychological commitment at a different rate. This was because the effects of newly added variables offset against the effects of existing variables. Consequently, runner’s social motivation, satisfaction and gratification had a significant positive effect on psychological commitment. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
The Effects of Flight Attendant’s Job Characteristics on Their Job Satisfaction
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Han Eui-Jin , Han Beom-Soo
Published: September 2015

This study aims to verify the effect of the job characteristics of flight attendants on psychological states and job satisfaction, and to find out the intermediary role of psychological experience. For data collection, self-administered questions were used targeting flight attendants of major airlines in Korea. The results of research are as follows: First, among the job characteristic factors, task significance, feedback and task identity had positive effect on experienced meaningfulness, experienced responsibility and experienced disengagement respectively, and task identity had a negative effect on experienced meaningfulness. Second, among psychological experiencing factors, experienced meaningfulness, experienced responsibility, and knowledge of actual results had a positive effects on job satisfaction, and experienced disengagement had a negative effect on job satisfaction. Third, among the psychological experiencing factors, factors other than experienced responsibility had a mediating effect with job characteristic and job satisfaction.
Nociceptive capacity of plantar irritating stimulus reduction influences postural control in children, teenagers, and adults.
Authors: Marc Janin , Ceci Lisandro Antonio , Parreira Rodolfo Borges
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Sensory information from vestibular, visual, proprioception, and feet contribute on postural control. Plantar afferent contribution comes from the tactile and nociceptive cues of the plantar sole. Nociceptive capacity of plantar irritating stimulus (NCPIS) is one of the foot problems that induce nociception. Objective: Was to determine the postural impact of sensory input flow modifications induced by foam in people with and without nociceptive plantar irritating stimuli in different ages (children, adolescents, and adults). Method: 120 participants with (NP) and X without (Ct) NCPIS in different age group were evaluated (20 subjects in each age group and conditions). Postural balance assessment was performed during two-legged stance test using a force platform. Postural recoding was performed with eyes open in two conditions: on a hard surface and on a foam surface. The postural balance parameter analyzed was center of pressure area and variance of speed. Results: Area and variance of speed in control group increased, whereas decreased in NP subjects. No differences were observed for mean speed. In the Ct group, nociceptor and mechanoreceptor afferent sensations on foam induced postural variation with more oscillations (area and speed). Conclusion: NCPIS influenced postural control, and this foam neutralization of afferent nociception induced a new sensory organization. Foam surface imitated afferent plantar sensory information, induced postural variation as measured by CoP parameters with increasing postural control in subjects without NCIPS and decreasing postural control in subjects with NCPIS.
Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the functional independence measure in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Authors: Carvalho Emilton Lima de , Queiroz Ilkiane Pinheiro , Queiroz Ilkilene Pinheiro , Batista Ingred Merllin de Souza , Maciel Thiago dos Santos , Arêas Fernando Zanela da Silva
Published: September 2015

Background: Parkinson’s disease is classified as a chronic, degenerative disease and is characterized by a regression in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region, the main clinical features of PD are: muscle rigidity and tremor at rest six cycles per second. Objective: To evaluate the effects of pop on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in patient carriers of Parkinson disease. Method: The above study five elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease with a mean age of 82,5±10,33 years. The study was carried out applying the FIM questionnaire before and after treatment with PNF to assess cognitive and motor control levels. The patients were submitted to 10 sessions estimated time between 40 and 50 minutes. Results: The analysis of the functional independence of patients, although the results have been optimistic, improving patient’s functional pattern not observed statistically significant difference (p >0,05). Conclusion: It did not get positive results when assessing the level of motor and cognitive functional independence. Although there have been reports of improvement in locomotion and sphincter control by the patients themselves.
Giftedness as Property: Troubling Whiteness, Wealth, and Gifted Education in the US
Authors: Mansfield Katherine Cumings
Published: September 2015

The purposes of this article are to illumine the racist genealogy of gifted education policies and practices in the United States, to demonstrate how deficit discourses continue today, and to provide personal examples from the field of how educators can begin to question the status quo, resist taken-for-granted assumptions, and alternatively make substantive changes at the local level. I also aim to demonstrate how giftedness is an example of whiteness as property, or unearned white privilege, that, unintentionally or not, maintains a social caste system in schools.
Racial-Equity Policy as Leadership Practice: Using Social Practice Theory to Analyze Policy as Practice
Authors: Feldman Sue , Winchester Ilana
Published: September 2015

This, primarily theoretical, paper takes up the longstanding problem of the disconnection between education policy and leadership practice. The authors propose the use of social practice theory as a tool for educational leaders at the state, school district, and school levels, to eliminate the disconnection between policy design and leadership action. Using Oregon as an example, the authors illustrate a relationship between equity-policy design and leadership practice that may help identify weaknesses and strengths in equity-policy designs and ultimately support better equity policy for leadership practice.
Educational Leadership in Our Peculiar Institutions: Understandings of Principals in Segregated, White-Staffed Urban Elementary Schools in the United States
Authors: Milligan Tonya M. , Howley Craig B.
Published: September 2015

This study explores how 10 principals in mostly-Black U.S. urban elementary schools staffed by mostly-White faculty understood and experienced the manifestations of racial differences. Narrative inquiry with nearly 700 pages of transcript data yielded three themes: (1) gradients of color-conscious leadership, (2) principals as moral agents, and (3) working within a context of fear. Difficult though these stories and challenges are in the U.S., practices and policies elsewhere in the world also produce such situations and experiences, and the dynamics evident in the stories told by these school heads may prove relevant to investigations in other national systems.
Cross-cultural peer mentoring: One approach to enhancing White faculty adjustment at Black colleges
Authors: Louis Dave Anthony
Published: September 2015

White faculty members at America’s Black colleges face numerous social obstacles. Exploring the experiences of White faculty members at four historically Black Colleges and universities (HBCUs) and their adjustment to a minority status assists the comprehension of issues surrounding this subgroup. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, narratives from twenty-seven White faculty members were analyzed to garner an understanding of their experiences at these colleges. Strategies to developing faculty peer-mentoring that would assist adjustment for the White faculty were discussed. Recommending greater engagement of Black and White faculty to assist White faculty adjust to these very significant environments is the main theme.
Dancing with Ethnic Identities: How a Taiwan Aboriginal Dance Club Influenced Junior High Students
Authors: Chen Shwu-Meei , Lee Young Ah
Published: September 2015

Research in Taiwan has shown that aboriginal students often have low self-esteem and a negative view of their life due to their heritage. This research studied 14 Taiwan aboriginal students to understand how the experience of aboriginal dance club influenced their ethnic identity. The result showed that the experiences of socializing with other aboriginal group members and learning about traditional tribal culture creating a more positive ethnic identity. Moreover, through international performances, they gained self-confidence and diverse perspectives. The study suggests that schools should give support to students to learn about their ethnic culture to explore their ethnic identity.
Synthesis: comparing effects of resource and consumer fluxes into recipient food webs using meta‐analysis
Authors: Allen Daniel C. , Wesner Jeff S.
Published: September 2015

Here we synthesize empirical research using meta‐analysis to compare how consumer and resource fluxes affect recipient food webs. We tested the following hypotheses: (H1) The direct effects of resource fluxes (bottom‐up) should be stronger than the direct effects of consumer fluxes (top‐down), because resource fluxes are permanent (do not return to the food web in which they were produced) but consumer fluxes may not be (consumers can leave). (H2) Following H1, the indirect effects should attenuate (weaken) more quickly for consumer fluxes than for resource fluxes due to their direct effects being weaker. (H3) The effects of resource fluxes should be stronger when recipient food webs are in different ecosystems than donor food webs due to differences in elevation that accompany cross‐ecosystem food web interfaces, often increasing flux quantity due to gravity, while the effects of consumer fluxes should be stronger when donor and recipient food webs are in the same ecosystem as they should more easily assimilate into the recipient food web. We found no differences in the magnitude of bottom‐up and top‐down direct effects for resource and consumer fluxes, but top‐down direct effects were 122% stronger than top‐down indirect effects. Indirect effects of prey and predator fluxes quickly attenuated while indirect effects of non‐prey resource and herbivore fluxes did not, as the overall direct effects of prey and predator fluxes were 123% and 163% stronger than their indirect effects, respectively. This result suggests that the magnitude of indirect effects decrease as the trophic level of resource and consumer fluxes increases, and also contrasts with results from studies showing in situ top‐down indirect effects are stronger than in situ bottom‐up indirect effects. We found that resource and consumer flux effect sizes were similar when they occurred between ecosystems, but when they occurred within ecosystems predator flux effects were 107% stronger than nutrient flux effects. Finally, we found that observational studies had higher effect sizes than manipulative studies. Future research should focus on how resource and consumer fluxes might interact and generate feedbacks in empirical studies of natural food webs, and what ecological factors might affect their relative strength.
Evaluation of techniques for handling missing cost-to-charge ratios in the USA Nationwide Inpatient Sample: a simulation study
Authors: Yu Tzy-Chyi , Zhou Huanxue
Published: September 2015

Aim:
Evaluate performance of techniques used to handle missing cost-to-charge ratio (CCR) data in the USA Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
Methods:
Four techniques to replace missing CCR data were evaluated: deleting discharges with missing CCRs (complete case analysis), reweighting as recommended by Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, reweighting by adjustment cells and hot deck imputation by adjustment cells. Bias and root mean squared error of these techniques on hospital cost were evaluated in five disease cohorts.
Results & conclusion:
Similar mean cost estimates would be obtained with any of the four techniques when the percentage of missing data is low (<10%). When total cost is the outcome of interest, a reweighting technique to avoid underestimation from dropping observations with missing data should be adopted.
Investigating Intra-Individual Dietary Changes and 14C Ages Using High-Resolution δ13C and δ15N Isotope Ratios and 14C Ages Obtained from Dentine Increments
Authors: van der Sluis Laura G , Reimer Paula J , Lynnerup Niels
Published: September 2015

Ten medieval permanent teeth were subjected to incremental dentine sectioning and stable isotope analysis to investigate dietary changes in high resolution. In addition to this, eight increments were also selected for radiocarbon measurements to examine possible intra-individual age differences. Results reveal the cessation of weaning, various dietary profiles, and in some cases significantly different 14C ages obtained from a single tooth. This case study illustrates how 14C measurements can function as a proxy alongside the commonly used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values to interpret the diet of past individuals.
Freshwater Reservoir Effect on Redating of Eurasian Steppe Cultures: First Results for Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age Northeast Kazakhstan
Authors: Svyatko Svetlana V , Mertz Ilya V , Reimer Paula J
Published: September 2015

Freshwater reservoir effects (FRE) can cause problems when radiocarbon dating human skeletal material from the Eurasian steppe. This article presents the first results of research into the extent of the FRE in the sites of Borly 4 (Eneolithic) and Shauke 1 and 8b (Early Bronze Age), northeastern Kazakhstan. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dating and stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) analysis of associated groups of samples (32 samples, 11 groups in total) demonstrate the following: (a) the diet of the humans and fauna analyzed was based on the C3foodchain with no evidence of a C4plant (such as millet) contribution; aquatic resources apparently were a continuous dietary feature for the humans; (b) the first14C dates obtained for the Upper and Middle Irtysh River region attribute the Eneolithic period of the area to the 34th to 30th centuries BC, and the Early Bronze Age to the 25th to 20th centuries BC, with a ~450-yr hiatus between the two periods; (c) the maximum fish-herbivore freshwater reservoir offset observed equals 301 ± 4714C yr. As such,14C dates from aquatic and human samples from the area need to be interpreted with caution as they are likely to be affected by the offset (i.e. appear older). The article also discusses the effect of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) wash on δ13C, δ15N, C:Natomiclevels and collagen yields of the bone samples. Our results indicate a minor but significant effect of NaOH treatment only on C:Natomicratios of the samples.