bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of “Lean” Concrete Mixes for Road Construction in the Arctic Regions
Authors: Burenina O N , Andreeva A V , Savvinova M E , Davaasenge S S
Published: March 2021

The article presents experimental data on the study of the physical-mechanical properties of modified “lean” concrete. Magnesium nanospinel with mechanically activated cement and sand were used as modifiers. The prospect of modifying “lean” concrete by introducing mechanically activated parts of cement binder and fine aggregate has been established. Optimal formulations and technological conditions for manufacturing modified “lean” concrete were developed for the construction of the pavement base course in the Arctic regions.
Effect of Production Technology of Hydrin T6000 Elastomers on Their Properties and Structure
Authors: Fedorova A F , Davydova M L
Published: March 2021

The influence of the technology for producing elastomer materials based on epichlorohydrin rubber of Hydrin T6000 brand on physical-mechanical properties, structure formation, and frost resistance is studied. Differences in the properties of vulcanizates are revealed due to the formation of various sulfide bonds in a vulcanization network with different densities. The use of rubber swelling technology in a plasticizer leads to a screening effect, which reduces the interaction of the filler with the polymer. On the plus side, this effect improves low-temperature properties, and on the minus side, deteriorates physical-mechanical properties of the material.
Principles of Formation of Aboveground Parking Lots as a Part of Residential Building or Complex
Authors: Muratava A , Melnikova I B , Popov A V
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of parking and storage of personal transport in multi-storey residential development areas. Using of underground parking under a building or yard may not always be the most profitable solution. Especially taking into account that the nature of the soil in the largest megacities of Russia is very complex and it leads to a strong increase in the cost price of the project. Options for organizing above-ground parking are proposed and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of modern free-standing parking lots are described in the article. Examples of built-in attached parking lots within a residential group are demonstrated too. The advantages of automated parking lots built into the lower floors of high-rise buildings are listed. Project proposals are presented that demonstrate the possibility of placing automatic Parking directly in the lower floors of a residential building.
Formation of Architectural and Planning Solutions of Spaces for Rites and Games in Ethno-Cultural Tourist Clusters of the Russian-Kazakh Borderland
Authors: Bantserova O L , Kasimova A R
Published: March 2021

The goal of this study is to form architectural and planning solutions of spaces for rites and games in the ethno-cultural tourist clusters of the Russian-Kazakhstan borderland. In order to achieve the goal, the study addressed the following challenges: researches sequences of traditional rites and folk games, identified the necessary spaces, the amount of furniture and equipment to ensure these actions, as well as the number of people involved in the process. The following methods were used in the scientific work: natural observation, photo-fixation of ceremonies and traditional games, as well as the study of these processes using ergonomic methods. As a result, architectural and planning solutions of spaces for ceremonies and games of various ethnic groups of the Russian-Kazakhstan borderland in ethno-cultural tourist clusters were defined.
Criteria for Evaluating Local Stability of Steel Beam Walls in Case of Uneven Stress Distribution
Authors: Sventikov A A , Kuznetsov D N , Turishchev P N
Published: March 2021

In the article, numerical studies are performed to assess the stress-strain state of the wall of a steel beam with an I-beam symmetrical cross-section. The determination of internal forces and stresses is performed in the SCAD Office computing complex. A new method is proposed for estimating the average stress values in the wall, taking into account the uneven distribution of stress over the area of the wall section where local stability is evaluated. Based on the results of calculations, stress plots and mosaics are constructed, showing their spatial distribution of stress on the controlled sections of the beam wall compartments. Analysis of the research results showed that the most appropriate application of the proposed approach is in areas with uneven distribution of beam stresses, especially in the support sections of the wall.
Innovation Intelligent Control Systems in Construction
Authors: Zilberova I , Petrov K , Lamy K H
Published: March 2021

In the article the authors study the design of construction processes. The first part describes that the design with the solution of a number of organizational and technological problems. One of these problems is to determine the reliability of not only the construction teams, but the transport and technological flow and in accordance with the planned parameters. The authors suggest not only to determine these indicators correctly, but also to manage them with the help of automatic intelligent integrated systems. This will allow you to reliably determine and adjust the timing of work and their cost at the design stage of construction of the complex. The authors have developed an algorithm for assessing the organizational and technological reliability of related construction and mechanized processes. Mathematical calculations of mechanization of construction and installation works are given. The algorithm of integration of crews of construction transport and technological and a stream in a uniform functional cycle is given.
Efficiency of Reducing Noise Pollution by Using the Greening System of Buildings
Authors: Shushunova N , Feoktistova O , Shushunova T
Published: March 2021

Noise pollution in the cities is a major factor jeopardizing health as well as human living environments. However, previous research mainly focused on the reducing noise from different human activities, especially in the construction. We consider the problem more comprehensively and study the various possible sources of noise and the possibilities for their reduction or disposal in general. This article presents the methods of reducing noise pollution by using the greening system of buildings. The purpose of the work is to analyse the main sources of noise pollution of buildings and their mitigation methods. We propose the innovative modular green roof systems in the environmental development of green buildings. Efficiency of reducing noise pollution by using the greening system is verified by a case study on a residential building project.
Environmental Certification Objects Role in Architectural Design
Authors: Sukhinina E A
Published: March 2021

The issues of ecological design of architectural objects using international (BREEM, LEED, DGNB) and national environmental standards in construction (GREEN ZOMM, SAR-SPZS) were studied. The number of certified buildings in Russia has been determined and systematized in various areas. A graphic analysis of buildings with an international environmental certificate has been carried out. The characteristic typical features of objects that meet the requirements of environmental standards regarding the arrangement of the adjacent territory, volumetric solutions, the choice of types of glazing, and the decoration of facades are highlighted. A new classification of environmentally certified buildings by architectural and compositional features is proposed: single parallelepipeds of regular shape; twin placement of volumes; volumes of a linear form; streamlined volumes; dynamic compositions with prominent elements. The main aspects for assessing the visual environmental sustainability of the objects under consideration are identified. Today, the formation of the architectural space takes place in a complex interaction of technological and environmental solutions, as evidenced by modern design experience. As part of the author’s scientific research, ways of developing further environmental certification of real estate in Russia are outlined.
Investigation of Mammoth Tusk Mammuthus Primigenius by Thermogravimetry and X-ray Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Solovev T M , Petukhova E S , Botvin G V , Isakova T A , Pavlova V V
Published: March 2021

The article represents the results of the research of the mammoth tuskMammuthus Primigeniususing thermogravimetric (TGA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The stages of thermal destruction of mammoth tusk components and their temperature limits are revealed. XRD of mammoth tusk showed that heat treatment leads to a change in the structure of the mineral component of the material under study from hydroxyapatite (HAP) to whitlockite. It was found that this process is caused by the presence of magnesium ions in the crystal lattice of HAP.
Mathematical Modeling of the Thermal Regime of Lip Seal
Authors: Starostin N P , Tikhonov R S
Published: March 2021

In this article, on the basis of mathematical modeling, simplified models of the thermal process of the lip seal are presented. Comparison of the computational results revealed that for the model, taking into account the reciprocating motion of the rod (the “with moving source” model), the simplified model with a fixed uniform distribution of the heat flux taking into account convective heat transfer from the free friction surface is the closest model - the “to lack” heat source. It is established that the traditionally used simplified model with a fixed uniform distribution of the heat flux, which does not take into account convective heat transfer from the friction surface (the “with excess” model), deviates over time from the “with moving source” model. Methods are proposed for determining the oscillation frequencies of the rod at which the simplified model describes the temperature field in the seal with suitable accuracy for practical use.
Influence of Quartz-Containing Filler on the Impact Viscosity of ED-20 Epoxy Resin
Authors: Fedorov Yu Yu , Savvina A V , Vasilev S V
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the effect of quartz-containing dispersed filler on the toughness of ED-20 epoxy. The optimum content of this filler was established, at which the impact strength of epoxy composite samples increases by 73%. When the test temperature decreases, the reinforcing effect of the filler disappears at temperatures below 0 °C.
Controversies in Technical Regulations on Safety Requirements of Russian Urban Development Code
Authors: Absimetov V A , Saltanova E V
Published: March 2021

This article lists the legal requirements on technical regulations in rating, compliance assessment, monitoring, and control. It presents a pyramid of harmonized standard requirements based on a parametric rating system.

The specific features of similar requirements are explained according to the Urban Development Code of Russia. The authors suggest some ways of improving the current situation and adjusting the existing system of technical regulation in construction according to the international practices.
Effect of Conductive Carbon Black Concentration on Tyre Regenerate Properties
Authors: Antoev K P , Shadrinov N V
Published: March 2021

Electrically conductive rubber on the basis of tyre regenerate and conductive carbon black (OMCARB CH85) is developed. It is shown that an increase in conductive carbon black concentration leads to an increase in tensile strength and Shore A hardness of the tyre regenerate. However, due to insufficient dispersion of carbon black, a decrease in relative elongation and resistance to abrasive wear is observed. A study of volume resistivity showed that the obtained rubbers are semiconductor materials. Dependence of specific resistance on temperature in a range from 10 to 80°C is constructed. It is shown that the effect of positive thermal coefficient is observed in all obtained samples.
Volumetric Energy Density of Deformation in Inhomogeneous Media as Criterion for Evaluating Behavior of Material Under Extreme Operating Conditions
Authors: Noev I I , Kirikova N V
Published: March 2021

The present paper solves a problem of determining and numerical modeling of one of the most important local elastic characteristics - the volumetric density of deformation energy - in dispersion-filled composite materials having different densities of placing spherical inclusions in different directions. Prediction of values of said energy characteristic in a separate element of inhomogeneity depending on composition, structure, geometric shape and concentration of components, as well as type and magnitude of mechanical (or temperature) impact allows considering its redistribution in non-homogeneous medium, which has a perspective of its application for creation of modern composite materials of working structural elements in the Arctic zone.
Analysis of the Effect of Deformations on the Accuracy of Advanced Engineering Products
Authors: Yamnikov A S , Matveev I A , Rodionova E N
Published: March 2021

In the manufacture of thin-walled special products, errors in the profile of the finished surfaces usually appear, even if all known recommendations and the technological process are followed. In many cases, this is due to the manifestations of the transfer of manufacturing errors, through the distribution of residual stresses generated in the operation of obtaining a workpiece. According to the theory of technological inheritance of errors, when the allowance is removed from the machined surface, stress distribution in the workpiece also occurs, and this can lead to distortion of the shape of the base surface when the product is unfastened. To clarify this hypothesis, a number of experiments were made in production, in which both the processed and the base surfaces of the workpiece were investigated. The results showed that immediately after processing, the error in the profile of the processed surface at the point of fixation tends to zero, and during the fixing, errors occur, and these errors are an order of magnitude smaller than before processing. At the maximum distance from the attachment point, the picture changes: after processing, there are minor profile errors, which disappear after the attachment. The assumption about the distortion of the shape of the base surface relative to the initial one was confirmed. The angular position of the errors relative to the initial one has changed, and the size has also decreased by 0.02 mm.
Mechanical Behavior of a Carbon Fiber Composite Material Reinforced with Titanium Nickelide Wire
Authors: Gusev D , Lukina E , Vinogradov R
Published: March 2021

A composite material of a carbon fiber matrix and reinforcing elements in the form of a wire made of titanium nickelide (PC-SMA) has been studied. The obtained PC-SMA material demonstrated improved elastic and strength characteristics compared to those of traditional carbon fiber composite material upon static three-point bending tests.
Numerical Method for Impulse Noise Calculation with Diffuse Sound Reflection
Authors: Antonov A I , Ledenev V I , Shubin I L
Published: March 2021

Among the noises occurring in industrial buildings, the impulsive noise affects the human body most detrimentally. Since the impulse noise is not constant in time, when choosing and designing means of reducing it, the changes of spatial-temporal characteristics of sound energy should be calculated after emission by a source of sound pulses. In order to assess the energy characteristics of impulse noise, the article proposed a calculation method based on the ideas of the diffuse character of sound reflection from fencing. Developing the method, a statistical energy model was used, which describes the distribution of reflected energy in closed air volumes in time and space. A direct difference method is proposed to implement the computational model. The principles of the construction of the calculation method are stated and its accuracy is estimated. The assessment of accuracy was carried out by comparative analysis of the calculated and experimental data obtained in the buildings of complex geometric shapes under the action of a pulsed noise source in them. It is established that the calculated decreases of sound pressure levels in time at the calculated points are in good agreement with the experimentally determined decreases, and the error in the calculation of the levels does not exceed 2-3 dB. The obtained accuracy of the calculations is sufficient for the design of building-acoustic means of impulse noise reducing. The method allows making calculations in rooms with any complex space-planning parameters.
Test Results for Ventilation Units
Authors: Mozgova A S , Shchennikova T V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the findings of the tests conducted for the forced air heating unit of a supply ventilation system. The supply air system is designed to feed clean air into the industrial facility of the oil-gas field of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The tests were performed in five modes at the ambient air temperatures of -5, -10, -15, -20, -25 °C. The mode throughout the tests was steady, i.e. the temperatures of water and air remained unchanged within 30 minutes before the tests. Since the capacity of the heater unit was proved to be 24 - 41.5% according to the test results, recommendations were made to improve the capacity. With the said measures having been taken, control measurements of test parameters were carried out, the actual U-value was calculated and the capacity of the heater unit was determined. The performed work is relevant in view of theoretical and practical significance for engineers and employees of industrial enterprises servicing the ventilation systems.
Conceptual Designs of Kinetic Facade Systems
Authors: Karaseva L V , Cherchaga O A
Published: March 2021

To make buildings more energy-efficient, reduce harmful atmospheric emissions, improve the quality of the indoor environment, researchers from several countries have designed (and in some cases, made) conceptual kinetic facades. These have different designs, materials, and control methods. Kinetic facades as an architectural solution are still at infancy in Russia for several reasons. This paper presents the concept of a building featuring kinetic facades for a city in the south of Russia. The appeal of such innovative shading systems comes from extreme exposure to sunlight during the hot seasons, which overheats the indoors, necessitates expensive air conditioning, and creates luminous discomfort. The paper presents the kinetic facade parameters calculated with adjustment for solar geometry and the orientation of the facade. Computer simulations of two facade designs prove both effective for shielding.
Calculation of Shallow Foundation Settlement Taking into Account Lateral Expansion of Soil
Authors: Hiep Nguyen Huy , Hung Dam Huu , Trung Dinh Quang
Published: March 2021

Nowadays the prediction of the settlement of shallow foundation is almost carried out by using the result of the oedometer test, in which the lateral expansion of soil mass is excluded. Geotechnical engineering software, such as Plaxis, Geostudio, Flac, Midas-GTS-NX, etc, are capable of solving most geotechnical problems, taking into account the lateral expansion of soil mass. The comparison between the result procured when using the classically analytical method and the result obtained with the help of the geotechnical engineering software show us an enormous divergence. It can be explained by the difference in approaches of solving the question between numerical method and analytical method, in which the effect of lateral expansion of soil mass is neglected. Therefore, the authors suggest a method to improve the prediction of settlement basing on the studies of Russian scientists in the 1960s, taking into account the effect of lateral expansion of soil mass below the shallow foundation. The result of the article can be considered to predict the long-term, short-term settlement as well as the settlement at any moment of soil consolidation with the acceptable difference when comparing with the results given from the nowaday geotechnical engineering software.
Experimental Studies of the Elastic-Dissipative Properties of Structural Materials and the Calculation of Sound Insulation of Building Partitions Based on Refined Characteristics by the SEA Method
Authors: Ovsyannikov S N , Leliuga O V , Makhmudov U A
Published: March 2021

An analytical solution to the problem of sound and vibration transmission through structures, taking into account the energy exchange with adjacent structures, requires determination of the elastic-dissipative properties of structural materials: the elastic modulus and the loss factor. In this work, the parameters of the elastic modulus and the loss factor of three known building materials are investigated and experimentally established in comparison with previously obtained data of other authors. For the automation and accuracy of measuring the internal loss factor, a new measurement technique was transferred using Zetlab software and digital equipment. The calculation of sound insulation of a single-layer enclosing structure is performed based on the method of statistical energy analysis (SEA) using the measured data of the elastic modulus and loss factor. In order to determine the reliability of the data obtained for the elastic modulus and the coefficient of internal loss of structural materials, a comparison was made of the values of sound insulation of a single-layer panel made of gypsum fiber board, obtained by means of experimental research, using the calculated values of sound insulation calculated using the elastic modulus and the coefficient of internal losses from literature sources and using the calculated sound insulation values calculated using the measured values of the modulus of elasticity and the internal loss factor.
Temperature and Humidity Regime of Roof Space in Buildings with Glass Roofs
Authors: Verkhovsky A , Konstantinov A , Nikonova E
Published: March 2021

The paper analyzes the temperature and humidity conditions of the roof space of buildings with translucent roofs in the winter period of operation. The work is based on the generalization of data from a number of field observations and monitoring of translucent roofs of atrium buildings in Moscow. It is established that the temperature and humidity regime of the sub-roof space of atrium buildings with translucent roofs in the winter period of operation has a significant impact on the load-bearing capacity and durability of the translucent filling of coatings (insulated glass units), as well as snow loads on translucent roofs. At the same time, an analysis of existing approaches to the design and calculation of translucent roofs atrium buildings has shown that the issue considered in this work is often not taken into account when assigning their design solutions, which further complicates their normal operation. It is established that when performing strength calculations of roof insulated glass units it is necessary to take into account the design conditions of the transitional spring-winter period, which is characterized by low outdoor temperatures and high solar activity. The thermal regime of translucent roofs of atrium buildings also has a significant impact on the formation of snow cover on similar structures, which is manifested in a different nature of the distribution of snow loads on translucent roofs, as well as on the amount of snow loads, which are several times less than the loads on similar deaf insulated roofs.
Standard Modules in Bionic Architecture
Authors: Umorina Zh
Published: March 2021

The article describes the formation of bionic architecture modules through a case study of a standard module by applying methods and criteria of bionic architecture. To achieve the effect of sustainability and harmonization of buildings, and to facilitate the process of construction of bionic architecture objects, a number of methods and criteria have been developed. Bionic architecture is a modern movement based on the environmental approach that involves the latest developments in design and construction contributing to the implementation of challenging architectural ideas aimed at the creation of natural architecture that responds to environmental changes, does not harm the nature, and fits the landscape. The previous articles cover the methods applied in this approach and describe the principles and criteria of bionic architecture.
Comprehensive Survey of the Silt Reservoir Structures Technical Condition
Authors: Rimshin V I , Kurbatov V L , Erofeev V T , Ketsko E S
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work is to obtain information about the condition of the sludge tank supporting and enclosing building structures, identifying and fixing existing defects in order to assess their possible impact on structures during its further operation. Archival surveys were carried out, site documentation was selected and studied, load-bearing structures engineering measurements were carried out, building structures were inspected, and the structural condition was photographed selectively, graphic materials were made, technical conclusions were drawn up with conclusions and recommendations for further structures safe operation in order to achieve this goal. The technical surveying included a building structures external examination with damages fixation. The structures general technical condition of the, the presence and nature of the defect’s propagation were previously visually recorded, and then refined using measuring equipment. Verification calculations were also carried out with the design and current load analysis on the sludge tank elements, and the tank supporting structures concrete strength was determined by the ultrasonic method.
Research of Properties of a Carbon Film Formed in Methane Plasma and the Following Annealing
Authors: Neustroev E P , Prokopyev A R , Semenov S O , Popov V I , Protopopov F F , Andreev A S , Savvinova N A , Lukin E S
Published: March 2021

In the work, the properties of graphene oxide processed in methane plasma and plasma of a mixture of methane and nitrogen and subjected to subsequent annealing at T = 650 ° C in an argon atmosphere are investigated. It is shown that during plasma treatment, the hydrogenated amorphous carbon film is deposited on the surface of the exhaust gas. During heat treatment, a significant part of this film is removed, another part of the carbon atoms participates in the formation of bonds with the structure of the exhaust gas. This process leads to a decrease in the density of defects introduced by the plasma. The inclusion of nitrogen in methane plasma leads to n or p doping depending on the plasma power level. This effect is explained by the predominant formation of graphite and pyridine nitrogen configurations, which are donor centers in structures with fewer defects. At a high density of defects, pyrrole nitrogen structures, which are acceptor centers, are mainly introduced.
On the Application of Diopside Rock of the Aldan Deposit in the Production of Concretes
Authors: Vasilyeva A A , Fedorova G D
Published: March 2021

The study on the possibility of heavy-weight concrete production using diopside aggregates from Aldanslyuda ore mining and processing plant has been conducted. It is established that diopside crushed stone, namely, the crushed stone mixture of fractions from 5 to 20 mm is suitable for concretes of strength class up to 60 MPa production. It is recommended to carry out further validating research on the application of diopside rocks in high-strength concrete production. To do that it is necessary to use river sand, the water demand of which is less than of the sand from sifting of crushing solid stone, as a fine aggregate or to replace part of the latter. The physical and mechanical properties of the concretes developed on the basis of diopside aggregates have been investigated.
Method for Calculating the Durability of Bricklaying Materials Based on Chemical Corrosion Processes
Authors: Zheldakov D , Sosnovskiy N
Published: March 2021

Estimation of the durability of building ceramics is an important applied task. Especially difficult is an analysis of multi-layer building enclosures because of potential interactions of their component parts. Durability of building ceramics is in need of additional research. In this article, the method of evaluation of chemical resistance of a ceramic brick is reviewed. The research was conducted to determine the error of the method with the use of sodium hydroxide as a destructive agent. The results have shown a minor standard deviation of 2.74% with a confidence interval of 3.11%. The comparative analysis of alkalis activity interacting with ceramic materials was conducted: an experiment with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were made and chemical degradation coefficients are included. The results has demonstrated different degree of alkali effect in the same experiment conditions that confirmed thermodynamic calculation of chemical reaction’s trends. The methods of corrosion research of building ceramics with use of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide were reviewed and completed and mass-spectrometric analysis of these solutions were conducted. Conducted analysis and completion of the research methods that evaluate degradation of building ceramics creating a vector for the following researches with a goal to create a broader picture of corrosion process of building materials.
Assessing the Integrity of Steel Ropes for Lifting Machines Based on Testing Data
Authors: Budrin S B , Ilyin A I , Ovsyannikov V V , Smirnov O A
Published: March 2021

Factors affecting the integrity of steel ropes for lifting machines are considered; a brief review of existing approaches to assessment is made. The dependence of the intensity of the decrease in the area of the metal section of the ropes on the number of loading cycles is obtained. A method for determining the integrity of steel ropes is proposed.
Accounting of Damage of Asphalt Concrete in the Criteria for Calculating the Pavement
Authors: Chusov V V , Aleksandrova N P , Semenova T V
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to develop a general method for accounting for the accumulation of damage in asphalt concrete when calculating pavement according to strength criteria. The article analyzes the methods of calculating pavement according to the criteria: elastic deflection, resistance of the asphalt concrete to tensile bending, and shear resistance in the soil of subgrade. It is established that at present the fatigue of materials is taken into account by mathematical functions that connect the strength parameters of asphalt concrete with the number of applied loads. However, there is no single solution that take into account the effect of damage of asphalt concrete in the pavement on stresses and deformations that occur in the pavement and other layers of pavement. It is proposed to use the principle of equivalent deformation of a damaged and undamaged body to calculate the damage of asphalt concrete. In accordance with the formula of this principle, the elastic modulus decreases with increasing damage. The resulting formula allows to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the upper layer of a two-layer system when calculating pavement according to the criteria of coating resistance to tensile from bending and shear in the soil of subgrade. The same formula allows us to calculate the equivalent elastic modulus of a two-layer system. Thus, the proposed calculation method contains one general approach to accounting for damage accumulation in all three criteria for calculating pavement on strength.
Calorimetric Study of Ionic Liquids Based on 4-Vinylbenzyl Triethylammonium with Chloride and Tetrafluoroborate Anion
Authors: Atlaskina M E , Markov A N , Kazarina O V
Published: March 2021

In the present research, the temperature dependence of heat capacity of two ionic liquids VBTEA-Cl (1) and VBTEA-BF4 (2) were studied. 4-Vinylbenzyl triethylammonium chloride was synthesized by original methodic. 4-Vinylbenzyl triethylammonium tetrafluoroborate was obtained via anion exchange reaction. Compounds was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, their purity was proven. Compounds 1 and 2 were studied by different scanning calorimetry over the temperature range from 300 to 600 K. The melting point were determined for both substances, but 4-vinylbenzyl pyridine triethylammonium tetrafluoroborate wasn’t stable after melting in contrast with 4-vinylbenzyl pyridine chloride. The experimental data were used to calculate the enthalpy of phase transition (melting) for compound 1.
The Theory and Practice of Teaching Construction Sciences to Foreign Students
Authors: Bilyushova T , Belokon M
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the problems of engineering thinking formation among foreign students and the proposed solutions of these problems based on the study of years-long cooperation between the universities of Russia and China and the practices of working with foreign students in various universities in the country.

We focus on the problem of interaction of Russian-born teachers and foreign (Chinese) students aimed at the professional training of construction specialists. This article reviews the teaching practices employed in training foreign students, Chinese in particular, in such basic construction disciplines as Construction Mechanics, Bases of Architecture and Building Structures, General Architecture. We analyze the works carried out within joint Russian-Chinese programs, by FEFU and HUST (PRC) and the preparedness of foreign students chasing engineering degrees to master technical disciplines. The article analyzes possible training methods that may improve the acquisition of professional knowledge taking into account the features of engineering thinking formation among foreign students and the professional lingo of each of the covered disciplines. We also present a conventional classification of disciplines based on the features of their professional lexicon.
Improvement of Structures of Spatial Reinforcement Modules
Authors: Molokhina L A , Bekrenev A G , Filin S A
Published: March 2021

The topic of the article is the introduction of new materials and technologies into road construction, the goal is to improve the design of spatial reinforcement modules for use in road construction with the possibility of reducing manual labor during their installation during the construction of the roadway or complete mechanization of the process. The tasks solved in the article are to improve the spatial reinforcement modules for the construction of the roadway based on the analysis of factors affecting the strength and time characteristics of its service. Factors affecting the strength and time characteristics of the service of the spatial reinforcement module, the main materials and technologies used for the construction of the roadway in different countries of the world were analyzed. The model of calculation of strength of the spatial reinforcement module and versions of its design are proposed. It is concluded that the proposed module increases stiffness of reinforcing elements when creating roads and filtering and draining abilities of road layers, reduces specific load on the road bed and vibration on it and road-surrounding soils, time and cost of construction, provides strength of the structure when changing the terrain of the road surface and mechanizes the simultaneous manufacturing and installation of the module directly on the working section of the road.
Tribological Properties of AI2O3 Coatings Obtained by Detonation
Authors: Rakhadilov B K , Buitkenov D B , Rakhadilov M K
Published: March 2021

In the present work, the effect of the detonation-spraying mode on the tribological properties of Al2O3 coating was studied. It was found that a decrease in the delay time between shots is leading to an increase in the hardness and elastic module of Al2O3 coatings. The obtained values of the coefficient of friction showed that a decrease in the delay time between shots leads to a slight reduction in the coefficient of friction. It is determined that reducing the delay time between shots to 0.25 seconds leads to an increase in the resistance of coatings to abrasive wear. It was found that the main reason for the increase in hardness and wear resistance with a decrease in the delay time between shots to 0.25 s is associated with an increase in the volume fraction of the α-Al2O3 phase. It was found that increase in the volume fraction of the α-Al2O3 phase is caused by the secondary recrystallization γ → α, which occurs due to the heating of particles during coating formation, i.e. due to increase in temperature above 1100 °C in single spots of the coating when they are put each other.
The Expertise of Geo-Base, Foundations, and Deep Foundations: Regional Features of Accounting and Assessment of Deformations During Operation
Authors: Zolina T V , Kupchikova N V , Strelkov S P
Published: March 2021

The article publishes the results of the examination of the foundations and pile foundation of a multi-storey building during operation. In the examination of the geological base, foundations and foundations, significantly reliable research results are precisely with the use of the development of ground pits and modern devices for destructive and non-destructive control.
Improving the Quality of Elements of Flat Heat Exchangers and Roof Coatings Received by the Elastic Working Tool
Authors: Semenov I E , Savchuk D V
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the issues of improving the quality of elements of flat heat exchangers and roof coverings. This is achieved by increasing the strength of the sheet metal, heat exchanger elements and by increasing the thickness of the roof covering. It is advisable to make such elements using an elastic working tool. The use of elastic media as a working tool makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of die tooling, but it has drawbacks. The main one is small pressures in an elastic medium that is not enclosed in a closed volume; therefore, the forces that arise are not enough to deform alloys with a thickness of more than 0.5 mm. It is possible to increase the pressure and, accordingly, expand the technological capabilities by reinforcing polyurethane with high-strength aramid fabrics. The paper considers the behavior of a cylindrical polyurethane specimen during its settlement. The theoretical model coincides with the experiments. Two types of specimens were upset, cylindrical with reinforcement with different types of aramid fabric. The experiments carried out show that the reinforcement leads to a significant increase in the rigidity of the working elastic working tool and, as a result, to the expansion of technological capabilities and the range of products obtained by local processing with an elastic medium. This leads to an increase in the performance of flat heat exchangers, as well as an increase in the quality and strength of the roofs.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Selecting Bioprotective Drugs to Protect Materials from Bio-Damage
Authors: Smirnov V , Svetlov D , Anikina N , Erofeeva I , Al Dulaimi S , Letkina N
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of research in the field of microbiological corrosion of building materials by Russian and foreign specialists. It is shown that microorganisms cause corrosion of composites on polymer and other binding metal and other materials.

Bio-damage of plastic masses, as well as other materials, occurs simultaneously with their aging under the influence of external physical and chemical factors (ultraviolet radiation, water, temperature changes, etc.). The biostability of polymer materials is significantly affected by additives, usually always present in polymer compositions (fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, modifiers, pigments, etc.)

One of the most effective ways to increase the biostability of composite building materials is the introduction of fungicide additives into their composition. However, unfortunately, the selection of biocidal additives currently does not have a scientific basis and is carried out by trial and error. In our study, we first implemented a new approach to the selection of effective means of protection against biological damage based on the application of ecological, physiological and biochemical criteria: environmental criteria includes the fact that you have to work with micro-organisms which are the true destructors of a particular construction material; physiological and biochemical criteria includes biochemical testing of fungi on their specific aggressive metabolites undergoing the process materials material; the results of such testing are shown on the example of fungi-destructors of construction composites based on urea and phenol-formaldehyde resins; during the research, Nobles and Bovendamm biochemical tests were used; a significant variety of mold fungi was identified from construction composites, which are able to use their components as a food source, and others are random phases that grow due to external contamination; using the example of urea and phenolformaldehyde composites, it was found that the studied fungi-active destructors of these materials have a high activity of oxidoreductases (catalase, peroxidase, phenol oxidase). It is shown that when evaluating a comprehensive analysis of the processes of bio-deterioration is required to account for how species of microscopic fungi are destroyers of building materials and micro-organisms which are pathogenic that can cause mycoses, mycotoxicosis and microallergen.
Investigation of the Inhibitory Effect of Biocidal Products (Based on Guanidine) on the Activity of Building Materials Destructors
Authors: Smirnov V , Svetlov D , Smirnova O , Erofeeva I , Al Dulaimi S , Letkina N
Published: March 2021

The article presents the classification and specificity of effective methods of protection from bio-damage. Settling on the surface of building materials and structures, microorganisms, along with the destructive effect, worsen the environmental situation in buildings and structures.

Studying the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of biotechnology made it possible to generalize the basic methods of combating biological damage to KSM (carbamide resin), which are divided into physical, biological and chemical.

One of the most effective and long — lasting ways to protect building materials and structures from damage by microorganisms is the use of biocidal compounds. The latter are introduced into the composition of the material during its manufacture or by the method of impregnation. Fungicides also inhibit the development of microorganisms by reducing the intake of nutrients from the environment to the cells of the fungus.

In world practice, promising biocidal compounds are considered to be preparations based on guanidine, which are effectively used in medicine, the textile industry, in chemical technologies for the synthesis of surfactants, etc. In this article, the inhibitory effect of the preparation “Teflex” (base - polyethylene guanidine) on the activity of exoxidoreductases of fungi destructors of construction composites (Aspergillus fumigatus, Stemphylium verruculosum, Trichoderma koningii and Paecilomyces carneu)s at the maximum of enzymatic activity was evaluated. Biocides were introduced into the fungi culture medium on day 3 (in vivo).

It was found that “Teflex” fungicides inhibit phenolosidotoses, cotoloses and peroxidoses: phenol oxidases of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus - 1.4 times, Paecilomyces carneus - 1.6 times, Trichoderma koningii - 2.0 times, Stemphylium verruculosum - 4.2 times (Figure 7.1 A); catalases of the fungus Paecilomyces carneus - 1.8 times, Trichoderma koningii - 2.2 times, Stemphylium verruculosum - 9.3 times, Aspergillus fumigatus - 23.9 times (Figure 7.1 b); peroxidases of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus - 3.4 times, Trichoderma koningii-4.6 times, Paecilomyces carneus-9.9 times, Stemphylium verruculosum - 43.7 times. The fungicidal effect of the preparation “Teflex” may be associated with its destabilizing effect on the native structure of enzymes. It leads to a violation of the tertiary structure of the enzyme, causes protein denaturation and disorganization of the cell membrane.
On Ice Jam Formation in the Middle Lena
Authors: Nogovitsyn D D , Sheina Z M , Sergeeva L P
Published: March 2021

Ice jams are an integral part of the ice regime of the rivers of the Lena basin, and reach the greatest scales here [1]. Huge masses of ice moving downstream form hummock accumulations, clog the river bed and form ice dams. The nature of ice jams is determined by the conditions of flood formation. The height of the ice-jam water levels varies from year to year, significantly changing both the length of the rivers, and on the territory. Prolonged ice jams embracing large areas of the river during the spring breakup of ice in the Lena cause such natural hazards as flooding. Inhabited localities along the banks of the river are flooded. Catastrophic floods on northern rivers are one of the types of natural emergencies that pose a threat to the life of the population, as well as they cause great environmental and economic damage.

Observation data at hydrometeorological stations and posts do not fully reflect the processes of jamming on rivers [2]. An analysis of the ice and the level regime of the middle reaches of the Lena River in the area of Lensk in this paper is conducted according to the perennial observations of Yakut management on hydrometeorology and monitoring of environment of Rosgidromet of Russia. The work was carried out in order to determine the values of a number of factors that lead to the critical levels at the sites of ice jams.

Study area is the average flow of the river Lena.
Comparative Analysis of Cavitation Resistance of Deposited/Sprayed Layers of Carbides, Stainless Steels and Metastable Austenite
Authors: Alwan H L , Korobov Yu S , Elkind D M , Sirosh V A , Makarov A V
Published: March 2021

The cavitation erosion resistance of deposited/sprayed layers prepared by thermal spraying and welding processes was evaluated using a new principle of ultrasonic vibratory testing [1]. A high velocity air fuel thermal spraying process (HVAF), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW or TIG), and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) were used to prepare the deposit deposited/sprayed layers. The WC-10Co4Cr powder was deposited on 20X13 stainless steel, while E308L-17 welding filler electrode, 06X19H9T welding solid wire, and Fe-Cr-Al-Ti cored wire (known as PPM-6) were deposited on AISI 316L stainless steel. For all materials, the curves of volume loss as a function of testing time were plotted. The obtained results showed that the deposited layers of PPM-6 metastable austenite steel prepared by TIG welding process was exhibited a higher resistance to cavitation erosion than the others. The maximum volume loss of PPM-6 steel was about 0.31 mm1, whereas the volume loss for the other materials was of 5-20 times high.
Receiving Perfect SiC-AlN Monocrystals of Solid Solution SiC-AlN/SiC and Models of Series Lanes of Electroluminescence Light-Emitting Diodes; their Use
Authors: Sankin A V , Altukhov V I , Vahilevich N V
Published: March 2021

The 4H-SiC monocrystals and SiC-AlN solid solutions are described. Models of a series of strips (levels) of solid solutions of Silicon carbide SiC - AlN and hetero-structures (light-emitting diodes) n-SiC/p-(SiC)1-x (AlN)x as a function of x composition are proposed. The SiC/1-x (AlN)x diagram defines the positions of the glow center levels, depending on x. In the series of electroluminescence bands of the light-emitting diodes SiC/SiC-AlN, continuous dependences of the positions of short-wave and long-wave bands in the K-minimum conductivity zone are defined, respectively, as continuous functions of the density of current through contact. This is very important for the wide practical application of the resulting light-emitting diodes with the ability to select radiation throughout the visible spectrum when changing the composition of x solid silicon carbide solution.