bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI CONTEXT, INPUT, PROCESS, DAN PRODUCT (CIPP) DETEKSI DINI GANGGUAN JIWA DI PUSKESMAS BANYUURIP
Authors: Risdanti Syafira , Arso Septo Pawelas , Fatmasari Eka Yunila
Published: June 2021

Deteksi dini gangguan jiwa di Puskesmas Banyuurip sebagai tindakan pencegahan dan intervensi dini faktor risiko. Deteksi dini diharapkan mengurangi prevalensi Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ) Kabupaten Purworejo yang menempati peringkat tertinggi di Riskesdas 2018 di Jawa Tengah. Pencapaian Puskesmas Banyuurip tahun 2019 adalah 33,02% pada usia produktif dan 80,6 % pada usia lanjut. Capaian tersebut menunjukkan adanya aspek-aspek yang perlu diperbaiki. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pelaksanaan deteksi dini gangguan jiwa melalui model CIPP. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif pendekatan deskriptif. Aspek evaluasi meliputi context, input, process dan product. Hasil penelitian pada evaluasi aspek context bahwa kebutuhan, masalah, dan sasaran deteksi dini gangguan jiwa menjadi latar belakang perencanaan. Evaluasi aspek input menunjukkan perencanaan cukup baik walaupun terdapat keterbatasan tenaga, dana, dan infrastruktur. Evaluasi aspek process bahwa pelaksanaan edukasi, rujukan, dan pelaporan kurang optimal dilaksanakan. Evaluasi aspek product dalam kriteria cukup baik dengan beberapa aspek perlu ditingkatkan. Antar aspek memiliki keterkaitan sehingga perbaikan satu aspek harus diikuti oleh aspek lainnya.
Imaging of pulmonary sequelae described in viral pandemics prior to SARS-CoV-2 as a prediction model
Authors: Calvillo-Batllés Pilar , Muñoz-Núñez Carlos F , Zaldívar Olmeda Enrique , Belloch-Ripollés Vicente , Martí-Bonmatí Luis
Published: June 2021

Knowledge of lung sequelae after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited given the short follow-up time. In this work, publications with a follow-up of radiological findings once the infection caused by other previously described viruses that have the lung as their target organ and that cause probably similar changes are reviewed, including the coronaviruses that cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and influenza A-subtype H1N1 virus. Lung damage caused by these viruses leads to slow-resolution interstitial disease, with variable correlation with respiratory function tests. The greater extension of the sequelae has been associated with an older age and a greater severity of the infectious clinical picture. However, the pulmonary imaging findings and their long-term functional impact are still unknown.
Vitellogenin Gene Expression and Sex Steroid Levels as Biomarkers in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) Exposed to Bisphenol-A
Authors:   Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology. Khorramshahr, Iran., Negintaji Ahmad , Safahieh Alireza ,   Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology. Khorramshahr, Iran., Zolgharnein Hosein ,   Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology. Khorramshahr, Iran, Matroodi Soheila ,   Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology. Khorramshahr, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: The egg yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (VTG) has proven to be a useful biomarker, used to identify organisms exposed to estrogenic compounds. Methods: We investigated variations in the VTG gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroid hormones concentrations in the yellowfin Seabream, Acanthopagrus latus, (A. latus) by various doses of bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure for 7 and 14 days. We developed a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the expression of VTG gene in A. latus. The dose-response pattern of VTG gene expression in A. latus exposed to various doses of BPA was characterized. In order to design RT-PCR primers specific to A. latus VTG, a partial sequence of the VTG gene was obtained. Results: The RT-PCR assay was effective in detecting increased VTG gene expression in A. latus exposed to BPA. It also demonstrated that the VTG expression was affected by BPA in a dose and time-dependent manner. Plasma testosterone (T) levels were decreased in the treated fish in comparison with those found in the control group, when they were exposed to 100 µg/g of BPA and 2 µg/g of E2. In contrast, the plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The results suggest that VTG mRNA quantification can provide a sensitive and early signal in the detection of estrogens in marine wildlife. It also indicated that BPA could lead to an imbalance of sex steroid hormones with potentially harmful consequences on sexually immature male A. latus.
The Effect of Vitamin C on Lead-induced Plasma BiochemicalAlterations in Fish, Cyprinus carpio
Authors:   Graduate DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran., Nourian Kimiya , Baghshani Hassan ,   Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran., Shahsavani Davar ,   Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: This study was conducted to investigate whether vitamin C can protect against plasma biochemical changes induced by lead poisoning in Cyprinus carpio. Methods: Three groups of common carp (n=30/group) were used in this study. Group 1 served as control, Group 2 was exposed to lead acetate (5 mg/L) for 15 days, and Group 3 received vitamin C (500 mg/kg) during the same duration of lead exposure. Results: The blood lead concentrations in Groups 2 and 3 showed a significant rise as compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). Also, the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased considerably following in groups exposed to lead acetate, compared to that in controls. Vitamin C supplementation decreased the rise in plasma MDA insignificantly, compared that in Group 2. The plasma values of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in Group 2 compared to that in controls. Also, vitamin C treatment significantly decreased plasma ALT and creatinine concentrations, compared to those in Group 2. Values of other plasma parameters including aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gammaglutamyl transferase, albumin, glucose, total protein, cholesterol, urea, uric acid and triglyceride showed no significant alterations among the treatment groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that vitamin C have some beneficial effects against lead toxicity in common carp. However, elucidation of the precise mechanism of the protective effects of vitamin C against lead toxicity warrants further investigations
Comparison of Antidiabetic Effects of Aqueous Extract of the Leaves and Fruits of Avicennia Marina in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Male Rats
Authors:   Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch,Islamic Azad University. Kazerun, Iran., Kamaei Leila , Moghadamnia Davood ,   PhD of Animal Physiology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Azad University. Shiraz, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: In this study, the anti-diabetic effect of the extract of leaves and fruits of Avicennia marina (A. marina) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats was investigated. Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 45 adult male rats in 9 groups of 5 rats. The control group received normal food only. Other groups were made diabetic by injecting them with 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal STZ injection. Diabetic groups were: one Sham Group (STZ only), one Positive Diabetic Group (STZ + 0.5 ml normal saline) and 6 experimental groups, treated with STZ plus 3 incremental doses (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) of either leaves or fruits extract of A. marina for three consecutive days, using gavage method. 24 hours after the last extract administration, blood samples were taken from the rat hearts., the serum glucose and insulin levels were measured by glucose oxidase and ELISA methods, respectively, one week after the STZ injections and following 8-12 hours of fasting. Results: The extract of leaves and fruits of A. marina in all doses significantly decreased the serum glucose in diabetic rats compared to that in the Sham group. The extract of A. marina leaves at 30 mg/kg significantly increased the serum insulin level compared to that in Diabetic Sham Group. The extract of A. marina fruits at all doses significantly increased the serum insulin level in the Experimental Groups compared to the Sham Group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The extract of leaves and fruits of A. marina significantly reduced the serum glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria., Oghenevwodoko Okoro Israel , Ejiro Kadiri Helen ,   Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
Published: June 2021

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.
Evaluation of the Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Caspian Sea Coastline Waters
Authors:   Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran., Mehrdad Samira , Saeb Keivan ,   Department of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tonekabon, Iran., Taghavi Lobat ,   Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran., Ghane Masood ,   Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University. Tonekabon, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: Water plays an essential role in supporting life on earth and sea worldwide, requiringclean, safe, high quality and sustainable resources. Nowadays, many water resources have been contaminatedwith toxic compounds originating from petroleumdue to economical and industrial developments. There is anurgent need to clean up the waters with environmentally friendlyand inexpensive methods. This study investigated the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) using Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in southern Caspian Sea coastline. Methods: Coastline sediment samples were collected, with P. aeruginosa being the predominant strain. The bacteria were cultured in triplicates in the presence of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% of gasoline andunder specific experimental conditions of varying temperature, pH, salinity, shaker speed, and incubation periods. The data representing the gasoline biodegradation in the samples were statistically analyzed. Results: At optimized experimental conditions for temperature, pH, salinity, incubation period, and shaker speed, maximum biodegradation of TPH was achieved by culturing P. aeruginosa strains with the sea water samples containing varying concentrations of gasoline. Conclusion: The gram-negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa, almost completely biodegraded TPH contaminants from the samples’ culture media over 28 days of incubation. We conclude that the use of P. aeruginosa is an efficient method for the biodegradation of Caspian coastal waters contaminated with TPH.
Response of Ultimobranchial and Parathyroid Glands of the Indian Skipper Frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis to Cadmium Toxicity
Authors:   Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India., Srivastav Ajai Kumar , Srivastava Shilpi ,   Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India., Srivastav Sunil Kumar ,   Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India., Faggio Caterina ,   Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina. messina, Italy., Faggio Caterina ,   Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina. messina, Italy., Sekiguchi Toshio ,   PhD of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan., Suzuki Nobuo ,   PhD of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan.
Published: June 2021

Background: Cadmium toxicity has been shown in aquatic animals but the effect on frog’s endocrine glands is not known. We investigated the effects of cadmium on ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of Indian skipper frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. Methods: Frogs were exposed to cadmium chloride for short and long terms and sacrificed after 24, 48, 72 or 96 h (short-term) and after 5, 10, 15 and 30 days (long-term). Results: After 48h of cadmium exposure, serum calcium levels decreased and persisted for 96h. After 96h of exposure, weak staining of the ultimobranchial cells was noted, and the nuclear volumes decreased. The histological structures of parathyroid cells remained unchanged. Frogs exposed to cadmium exhibited decreased serum calcium levels from day 10 to day 30. After 15 days of cadmium exposure, ultimobranchial cells exhibited a decline in staining response and the nuclear volume also decreased. The follicular epithelia of the ultimobranchial glands appeared to be reduced at certain areas. After 30 days of cadmium exposure, the nuclear volume was further decreased and the follicular epithelia shrunk and appeared as a single layer. Cellular degeneration and vacuolization were also noticed in the gland. After day 15 of cadmium exposure, the nuclear volume of the parathyroid cells increased with elongated and hyperchromatic appearance. These changes were exaggerated on day 30 of cadmium exposure and few cell lyses appeared among parathyroid cells. Conclusions: Cadmium adversely affected the calcium regulating glands, ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of the Indian frogs, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Naturally Occurring Flavonoids from M. heterophylla and the Safety Evaluation in Wistar Rats
Authors:   MTech of Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria., Umar Sheriff Itopa , Lawal Bashir ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Mohammed Bala Alkali ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Obiekezie Cyril Ifeanyi ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Adewuyi Abdulsalam Hassan ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Babalola Shukurat Bisola ,   Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Ariyeloye Stephen Damaola ,   Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Published: June 2021

Background: Maytenus heterophylla (M. heterophylla) is commonly used in African traditional medicine for the management of various ailments. The present study evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and safety properties of the Flavonoid extract of M. heterophylla in Wister rats. Methods: The Flavonoid was subjected to antibacterial study via agar well diffusion method, and antioxidant study using 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP) assays. Subacute toxicity were carried out by the oral administration of the extract at a daily dose of 50 or 100mg/kg for 28 days. Results: The extract produced significant antioxidants activities with IC50 of 33.07±0.84 µg/mL & 38.08±0.89 μg/mL in DPPH and FRAPS models respectively. It produced a dose-dependent inhibition of S. aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and S. Typhi with MIC between 12.5µg/mL to 25µg/mL. The flavonoid was safe on acute exposure to rats (LD50> 5000 mg/kg). However, the chronic exposure significantly (p<0.05) decreased the creatinine, bilirubin concentrations and increased aspartate transaminase (AST) activities while the total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatise (ALP), urea, chloride, potassium and sodium concentrations were comparable with those in the controls. The organs-body weights ratios also compared well with the controls (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings showed that the Flavonoid extract of M. heterophylla was relatively non-toxic following acute or chronic exposures at 50-100 mg/kg. The flavonoid extract may potentially serve as a candidate agent for the development of an anti-microbial drug and to enhance the antioxidant capacity in rats.
Protective Role of Elaesis guineensis Leaves against Crude Oil Tainted Diet–induced Hematotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria., Achuba Fidelis Ifeakachuku
Published: June 2021

Background: Crude oil is a very toxic chemical. Recently, the search for protective substances is attracting attention. This study aimed to investigate the hematoprotective potentials of oil palm leaves against the toxicity induced by crude oil. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats (n=36) were divided into six groups of rats (n=6). Group 1 (controls) were fed with normal rat food. Groups 2 and 3 were fed with diets combined with a predetermined quantity of Elaesis guineensis (E. guineensis) leaves. Group 4 were given crude oil contaminated diet. Groups 5 and 6 were fed with tainted diet, mixed with a predetermined quantity of powdered E. guineensis leaves. Results: Pre-treatment of the diet with oil palm leaves restored lipid peroxidation, the activities of various types of superoxide dismutases (SODs), and catalase compared to those obtained for the control group. Treatment of crude oil-tainted diet with oil palm leaves significantly increased hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell indices, and significantly decreased white blood cell count compared to those noted for the rats fed crude oil-tainted diet. Conclusions: This study found that the treatment of crude oil contaminated diet with oil palm leaves reduced the hemotoxicity as experimented in Wistar albino rats.
Prognosis and Survival Study in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiform and Its Relationship with EGFR Expression
Authors:   Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Amirpour Zeinab , Bahari Arezoo ,   Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Nafisi Behrad ,   Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Rahmani Koorosh ,   Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Taghipour Zahir Shokouh ,   Shahid Sadoughi General Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant and invasive tumor of the brain. The relation between prognosis and survival of GBM patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression is challenging. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis and survival of patients with GBM and its relationship with EGFR expression. Materials and Methods: This single-arm cohort study was conducted on 70 patients with GBM during 2012-2018 in Shahid Rahnemoon and Mortaz hospitals. The immunohistochemistry technique was applied to paraffin blocks of brain tumors for examining EGFR expression. Other data were extracted from medical records. To determine the survival rate, the Kaplan–Meier curves were used. A chi-square test was used for the analysis of data. Statistically, p-value <0.05 was assumed significant. Results: The mean survival of patients with GBM was 22.3 ± 2.5 months (95% CI=17.41 - 27.10). In addition, 1, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 30% and 5%, respectively. The mean survival of patients with negative and positive EGFR was 27.4±7.3 and 20.6±2.4 months, respectively. Besides, 11.1% and 14.3% of patients in negative and positive EGFR groups were alive. There was no significant difference in patient’s survival in terms of EGFR expression (p=0.36). No significant difference was seen between the two groups (EGFR positive and negative groups), regarding the frequency of age, sex, tumor’s anatomical location, and place of living (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on our study, it seems that the GBM tumor was associated with poor prognosis and a low survival rate. It was also found that the expression of the EGFR gene did not affect the survival rate of patients with GBM. Therefore, its use as a predictor factor for survival and prognosis is questionable.
Radiographic Parameters in Diagnosis of Posterior Ligamentous Complex Injury
Authors:   Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Yousefzadeh-Chabok Shahrokh , Reihanian Zoheir ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Reihanian Zoheir ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Naseri Amin ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Asadi Khatereh ,   Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Molaei-Langroudi Roghieh ,   Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Dibavand Mesbah ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Homaie Rad Enayatollah ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Diagnosing the status of the posterior ligament complex (PLC) plays an essential role in the management of patients with thoracolumbar fractures. In this study, due to the inefficiency of existing imaging modalities in the accurate detection of PLC damage, we investigated the relevance of some imaging parameters to specific guidelines for rapid PLC injury detection. Methods and Materials/Patients: In this study, 50 patients with and 50 patients without PLC injury were included. MRI, CT scan, and radiographic imaging of the thoracolumbar spine (T12-L1) were evaluated. The thoracolumbar injury classification systems such as Denis, TLICS (Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Scoring System), and McCormack Load Sharing and radiographic parameters such as Superior Inferior Endplate Angle (SIEA), Body Height (BH), Local Kyphosis (LK), Interspinous Distance (ISD), and Interpedicular Distance (IPD) were investigated in these patients for each imaging method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 21). Result: The ISD and LK and BHp (Body Height Posterior) were significant predictors of PLC injury. On radiographs, the mean LK with and without PLC damage was 25.67° and 20.92°, respectively (p<0.001). The ISD difference was 6.75 mm in cases with PLC damage and 2.84 mm in cases with an intact PLC (p<0.0001). In CT images, the mean LK was 25.77° in cases with PLC damage and 18.63° in cases with an intact PLC (p<0.037). The ISD difference was 4.14 mm in patients with PLC damage and 2.19 mm in patients without PLC damage (p<0.002). The BHp difference was 9.44 mm in cases with PLC damage and 11.09 mm in cases without PLC damage (p<0.002). Conclusion: The current study suggests formulating a predictive radiological index to identify PLC injury successfully. These guidelines can be very helpful in emergency room decision-makings, especially when the cost, availability, and time of performing MRI are important concerns in patients with multiple trauma.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors:   Serveis Mèdics Penedès, Department of Orthopedics, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain., Arenas-Prat Joan
Published: June 2021

Background and Importance: Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome is a rare congenital condition that rarely affects peripheral nerves. Median nerve involvement at the carpal tunnel level has only been reported on four occasions of this syndrome in the medical literature. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old Caucasian female patient with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome presented with a 10-month history of paraesthesia and numbness affecting the median nerve distribution area of her left hand. The clinical and neurophysiological examination confirmed a moderately severe carpal tunnel syndrome that required surgical decompression. Conclusion: Pre-operative findings demonstrated diffuse vascular infiltration and engorgement of the median nerve. Flexor tendons had a normal appearance. The patient had a satisfactory post-operative period with full resolution of her symptoms 4 weeks after the procedure. Although peripheral nerves are rarely affected in patients with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, neurological symptoms could indicate nerve involvement and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination should be considered to further assess the extension of the lesion.
Immunological and Clinical Aspects of Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Andalib Ali Reza , Radandish Maedeh ,   Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: June 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 from the family Coronaviridae, was first reported in December 2019 in China. The disease have mild or severe symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, body aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms, followed by severe inflammation, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and dysfunction of other organs. In this narrative review study, the search was conducted on related studies published during January- October 2020 in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the keywords Covid-19, Immunology, and Immunopathogenesis. Among abundant and mostly repetitive information, the immunological aspects were selected. The SARS-CoV-2 can enter the cell by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and Trans-Membrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) on the surface of lung epithelial cells. The main pathogenic mechanism of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is the stimulation of inflammatory response followed by damage to the alveoli of lung tissue. In uncontrolled immune responses, the infiltration of macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and inflammatory T cells into the alveoli increases which leads to tissue damage in the lungs and other organs by overproduction of inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Interleukin 6 (IL-8), Interferon gamma (IFNγ), etc. The Natural Killer (NK) and T cell dysfunction, lymphopenia, and infection of immune cells such as monocytes with ADE mechanism are factors causing the body’s failure in resistance to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the clinical symptoms and the results of molecular tests (e.g. Polymerase Chain Reaction test), or computerized tomography scan followed by serological tests and measuring biochemical factors in the blood (e.g. lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, dimerized plasmin fragment D, etc.). Due to the association of the severity of COVID-19 with the uncontrolled immune response of the host, targeting any of the immunopathological pathways to inhibit inflammatory responses can be considered as potential therapeutic goals. The use of immune system regulators such as chloroquine, corticosteroids, inflammatory cytokine blockers such as anti-IL-6, anti-IL-1, and cell therapy at the right time have an enhanced effect on the recovery of the disease or inhibit the disease progression.
Predictors of Post-traumatic Growth in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors:   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Hosseini Golafshani Seyedeh Zahra , Taheri Farshad ,   Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Sharif Nia Hamid ,   Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Minaeimoghaddam Somayeh ,   Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: Some people experience positive psychological changes in various aspects after a stressful event. These positive changes, known as Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG), are often due to people’s need to adapt to the challenges ahead. Objective: This study aims to determine the predictors of PTG in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 191 patients with myocardial infarction referred to the cardiac clinic of Bu-Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. They were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The research instruments were the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 25 software using Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis. Findings: There was a significant positive relationship between PTG with perceived social support (r=0.47 and P<0.001) and meaning in life (r=0.71 and P<0.001). Based on the results of linear regression analysis, an increase in the scores of MSPSS and MLQ can increase the PTGI score by 0.978 and 1.376, respectively. Conclusion: This study provided important insights into the phenomenon of PTG in patients with myocardial infarction and its predictors, which can help improve PTG in them.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Positive Psychotherapy on Emotional Self-Regulation of Women With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran., Sayafi Simin , Sotodeh Asl Nemat ,   Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran., Ebrahimi Varkiani Morteza ,   School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background: Emotional self-regulation can play an important role in reducing the symptoms of coronary heart disease which is a psychosomatic disorder. Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and positive psychotherapy on emotional self-regulation of women with coronary heart disease. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial. Study population consists of all women with coronary heart disease referred to Pasteur Hospital in Qazvin, Iran during 2019-2020. Using a convenience sampling method, 45 women were selected and divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The intervention program was provided at 8 sessions for each experimental group. Data collection tools were a demographic form, and Ibanez’s Self-regulation Inventory. Participants were followed up for one month after intervention. Collected data were analyzed by ANCOVA and paired t-test. Findings: ACT was effective in increasing emotional self-regulation ability of patients in the post-test and follow-up phases, but the positive psychotherapy had no significant effect on their emotional self-regulation and no significant difference was observed. Conclusion: ACT is an appropriate and effective method for women with coronary heart disease and can be used as a complementary therapy in related medical centers.
Points, Points, and More Points: High School Grade Inflation and Deflation when Homework and Employability Scores are Incorporated
Authors: Griffin Rob , Townsley Matt
Published: June 2021

With a strong movement of schools starting to use standards-based grading practices, one of the aims of this study was to learn if traditional grading practices communicate grades that are accurate based on the students’ learning of the course objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which employability and homework scores within a traditional points- and percentages-weighted grading model inflates or deflates grades. This study analyzed 795 students’ semester math grades at an urban high school to see if, and to what extent, students’ grades were inflated or deflated due to including homework and employability scores in the grade. Final grades, which included homework and employability points, were compared to each student’s overall summative assessment scores to determine grade inflation or deflation. The study also analyzed how changing grading practices to eliminate homework and employability points would impact the number of students that ultimately passed or failed the course. Results of this study indicated 336 (43.2%) students had their grades inflated or deflated by 5% or more and 97 (12.6%) students had their grades inflated or deflated by 10% or more, which is equivalent to moving up or down a full letter grade. School leaders should consider separately communicating academic and non-academic factors to minimize grade inflation/deflation in order to make decisions based upon grades more justifiable.
O Uso Do Sensoriamento Remoto Aplicado Aos Desastres Naturais: Estudo De Caso Da Avenida Tereza Cristina Localizada Na Região Oeste De Belo Horizonte
Authors: Pereira Júnior Island Costa , Almeida Berenice Rodrigues de , Garcia Danielle Saranh Galdino Duarte , Silva João Carlos Tavares da , Souza Raquel Ferreira de
Published: June 2021

Os desastres naturais são processos ocasionados ​​por fenômenos físicos que acontecem naturalmente na terra e podem ser causados ​​por inundações, enchentes, alagamentos, erosão, tempestades, estiagens, escorregamentos de solos e/ou rochas, terremotos, furacões e tornados. Os autores indagaram nesse estudo se os desastres naturais ocorridos na Avenida Tereza Cristina, localizada na região oeste de Belo Horizonte, podem ser mensurados, prevenidos e mitigados através da aplicação das técnicas do Sensoriamento Remoto. Assim, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar a aplicação do Sensoriamento Remoto para a realização de estudos dos desastres naturais decorrentes de inundações e enxurradas, na Avenida, em questão. Baseado nisso, os materiais e métodos utilizados foram os dados da primitiva cedidos pela empresa responsável da obra do recorte espacial supracitado, a coleta de dados do recorte espacial através de RPA (drone) juntamente com o GNSS RTK TPS Modelo T10, os dados meteorológicos de índices pluviométricos do local, em estudo, por meio da Defesa Civil de Belo Horizonte e os artigos científicos, livros, periódicos e reportagens relacionados com o tema. Mediante esses métodos e técnicas, foi gerado um ortomosaico, no qual foi inserido os pontos de controle obtidos com o RTK, podendo ser visualizado que as moradias da população em volta da Avenida Tereza Cristina correm grandes riscos de desabarem em função de suas frágeis estruturas físicas. Pode-se perceber também, através do ortomosaico, que a força da água arrancou a massa asfáltica da Avenida, tendo em vista o grande volume de água que passou ao longo do trecho. Por intermédio das curvas de nível produzidas, é possível perceber uma declividade mais acentuada nesses pontos. Dessa maneira, possivelmente, a velocidade das águas originadas das chuvas e daquelas vindas de outros logradouros tenha se intensificado através das altas declividades constatadas no local, o que pode ter promovido maiores estragos na Avenida Tereza Cristina. O dano causado com as inundações do período chuvoso mostra que a gestão dos desastres não deve ser o foco e sim a gestão de risco, visto que, ela é imprescindível na restrição dos desastres naturais, e, portanto, na redução dos prejuízos envolvidos.
INFORMATION AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF MANAGEMENT STAFF
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doronina Maya , Mykhailenko Daria ,   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is the clarification of the content and functions of information and methodological support of the equilibrium between professional mobility and quality of working life of management staff. The main objectives of the article are systematization and clarification of the grounds for the comprehensive approach to a new and enriched subject of study, the choice of methods that correspond to the nature of the actual material, conditions and purpose of the particular study. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the lack of a paradigm for studying the equilibrium between professional mobility and quality of working life of management staff, the need for significant refinements of research and practical implementation of personnel management with unique knowledge, skills and abilities. The effectiveness of the manager's influence on the working activity of such subordinates largely depends on understanding the essence of their personal potential for professional mobility and quality of working life. Clarification of the main idea of the study, hypotheses of the principles, conceptual and categorical support, research methods of professional mobility and quality of working life need analysis and justification. The article offers a list of concepts and categories that can systematically reflect the basic coordinate system of the study, and to extend it in case of need. Professional mobility of management staff (individual employee, group, team, staff, enterprise) is recommended to be considered as its integrative quality, which combines, first, the formed internal need for success in life, which is manifested in activities, provides self-determination and self-realization in life and profession; secondly – the ability to work professionally, thirdly – the knowledge base of professional activity, fourthly, self-awareness of own professional mobility, formed on the basis of reflection on readiness for change in the profession; fifth – the desire to change oneself, own professional field, own living environment. Personality in the context of the purpose of the article is seen as an individual who occupies a certain position in society, performs a certain social role, is able to understand his dependence on his environment, and consciously ensure the mutual benefit of coexistence therewith. When writing the article, a system of classical empirical and theoretical methods of economic research was used, supplemented by the methods of the humanities.
CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine», Nesterenko Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The article forms the methodological basis for the use of strategic management technologies at the level of regional economic systems in order to ensure long-term competitive development. The need for a new policy and strategy for regulating territorial development was substantiated. Strategic management is the most important tool for solving problems of economic efficiency in the regions. The strategy of territorial development should determine the priorities and stages of restructuring the economy of the regions and the national economic space, and regional policy - to link specific measures to implement the strategy with all other areas of socio-economic policy and resource opportunities of the country. For strategic management of the region as a socio-economic system, it is necessary to consider its three components: social, environmental and economic, the defining of which is the latter. It consists of the results of a set of regional economic systems of individual enterprises engaged in production and economic activities, as well as a mechanism for managing regional resources in accordance with the objectives. Only the means of strategic management, which offers a sequence of actions to use the resources of a particular region, aimed at achieving the goals most desirable for each region, can ensure the stabilization and sustainable development of the region's economy. The object of strategic management in the work is the region - a complex and open socio-economic system, the subsystems of which are connected by a common goal - to create favorable economic, social, environmental conditions to improve the quality of life. The strategy of socio-economic development of the region can be considered both as a way to achieve the goals set in the strategy and as a form of territorial governance and economic activity, ensuring the effective development of regions in market conditions. Stages and specific tasks for the implementation of the territorial development strategy were proposed, taking into account the growing impact of global processes of the world economy. Particular attention is paid to the internal problems of the territorial development strategy.
Islamic Boarding Schools Toward the Industrial Revolution 4.0; Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ihsan Fanani Mafatikul , Permana Pramudia Yuly Eka , Arifin Nur Rachmat , Muhtadi Ridan
Published: June 2021

The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 had a major impact on the life of a country. All nations are required to face this era with all the possibilities that exist. Indonesia wants to be able to compete globally, especially in the economic field. Millennial generation is considered capable of making this country more prosperous and advanced with all its characteristics, including santri. Millennial santri actually can also take part in economic growth in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, which is increasingly heavy competition. Through the power of MSMEs, santri and pesantren must have enormous potential in the government's big agenda, namely Indonesia 4.0. The potential for developing MSMEs can be felt more quickly if their development is supported by quality human resources and the provision of supporting facilities. Marketing training, working together with e-commerce platforms, internet procurement and supporting electronic devices, as well as network expansion to private companies and SOEs are steps that can be taken to encourage the growth of pesantren MSMEs. Through MSMEs, santri and pesantren are able to improve the country's economy but still uphold Islamic principles.
Authors: . Soeharjoto , Leila Yusran Husna , Aryani Tribudhi Debbie , Hermawan Asep , Masnita Yolanda
Published: June 2021

Covid 19 pandemic has an impact on decreasing people’s income and accelerating 4.0 industrial revolutions, due to major changes in people’s consumption patterns. After large scale social restrictions implementation, and entered new normal era, brought fresh air for increasing small and medium enterprises sales turnover. Purpose of community service is to help increasing sales turnover by utilizing market potential. Training and counseling method used with basic market potential and market strategy  materials. Results of the implementation can increase participant knowledge and insight regarding market and marketing potentials to 90 percent,  and marketing strategy becomes 76 percent.  It will motivate partners and dare to make innovation at marketing. Participants are members of the cooperative, also main actor in their group, so they can provide large multiplier effect and become an advantage of this activity. In further implementation, in order to increase profits, this community service  needs longer time duration with tofu and tempe production process material to support efficiency and effectiveness.
FORMATION OF THE PRICING POLICY OF HOTEL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Maliuga Liudmyla , Zagorodniuk Oksana , Tereshchuk Nataliya
Published: June 2021

The article defines that the correct method of pricing, reasonable pricing policy, consistent implementation of a sound pricing strategy - these are the necessary components of the successful operation of any enterprise operating in market conditions.
The factors that determine the peculiarity of pricing in the hotel industry and influence the choice of pricing strategy of the enterprise are analyzed: seasonality of prices and tariffs; it is not possible to produce hotel services "in stock"; wide gradation of profitability of different types of services and enterprises; simultaneous sale of services in the domestic and international markets; the importance of the pricing mechanism for additional services; high degree of influence of the price level in competing hotels; pronounced market segmentation and a high level of focus on the psychological characteristics of the guest; geographical factor.
It is determined that it is impossible to choose a certain pricing policy at once and implement it for a long time. It must be constantly checked and adapted to the situation in the market.
We have considered the types of prices and general methods of pricing under the influence of objective and subjective factors, namely the cost of the room and the acceptability of the tariff for the final consumer. Thus, on the one hand, the hotel rate should cover the cost of maintaining the hotel and return the capital invested in it, and on the other - the cost of the room should not alienate a potential guest.
There are two fundamentally different methodological approaches to setting tariffs for hotel accommodation. The main principle of the first approach is to first form a price that ensures the return on all costs and target profit and, then, its adjustment to take into account information about the level of prices prevailing in the market.
The second approach is based on the reverse logic and involves determining the market price and only then adjusted depending on the level of fixed and variable costs of the enterprise to ensure the target profit.
The advantages and disadvantages of direct and reverse approaches to the formation of prices for the main types of hotel services are outlined.