bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Scientometrics Review on City Logistics Literature: Research Trends, Advanced Theory and Practice
Authors: Hu Wanjie , Dong Jianjun , Hwang Bon-gang , Ren Rui , Chen Zhilong
Published: May 2019

The contradiction between the contribution of city logistics (CL) to sustainable urban development and its negative externalities is increasingly prominent. Policy supervision measures and the green logistics initiative are also in conflict with the management goal of logistics enterprises. Innovative solutions for CL have attracted increasing research attention worldwide. However, the description of the global research network in the field of CL, research trends, and the discussion of advanced theories and practices have not been systematically reviewed so far. Especially in the past three years, there has been an explosive growth of relevant literature. In this paper, the method of combining scientometric analysis and thematic discussion was adopted to systematically review 513 important works in the literature from 1993 to 2018, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the status in quo, trends and gaps of CL research, and to further analyze prominent problems. The study has made statistical analyses of the publication year profile, journal allocation and research methods of the included literature, and constructed four kinds of visualized bibliographic information timeline maps for the authorship network, international collaboration network, keywords co-occurrence network and research topic clustering. Then, the three themes summarized by clustering are discussed, mainly focusing on CL strategies and policy, green supply chain management, planning methods, and advanced concepts and practices. Finally, the research gaps framework and agenda were reported. This study contributes to summarizing the research and development of city logistics on the whole, and can also serve as an explorative manual to support sustainable urban freight activities and innovative research.
Shrinkage in Tokyo’s Central Business District: Large-Scale Redevelopment in the Spatially Shrinking Office Market
Authors: Kawai Kohei , Suzuki Masatomo , Shimizu Chihiro
Published: May 2019

Although metropolises continue to grow worldwide, they face the risk of shrinkage. This study seeks to capture and contextualize the “shrinkage” of the office market in Tokyo, a city that is one of the largest in the world but whose labor force has been shrinking since 1995. Employing unique property-level data on office building performance and use, this study quantifies the geographical distribution of office supply over time and shows that the geographical area of office supply is shrinking from the fringes, in line with the large-scale redevelopment of the central area since the collapse of the asset bubble in the early 1990s. As a result, analyses of changes in the vacancy rate and rent premium (from hedonic regressions) suggest that old office properties in the suburbs have recently faced more vacancies and lower rent premiums, even during the upturn peak of around 2007. This evidence suggests that (i) the concept of shrinking cities is also applicable in a spatial context, even for service sector workplaces in a nation’s central metropolis, and that (ii) allowing large-scale redevelopment in the central area while the economy remains powerful can transform the metropolis into a more compact form, which may be desirable in the long run.
Application of Low-Cost Sensors for Urban Heat Island Assessment: A Case Study in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Chen-Yi , Kato Soushi , Gou Zhonghua
Published: May 2019

In the urban environment, the urban heat island effect, the phenomenon of high temperature in the city relative to the suburbs, has become significant due to a large amount of artificial heat dissipation, rare green spaces, high building density, and a large surface material heat capacity. The study of the urban heat island effect has been carried out for many years. Even though many studies have evolved from the measurement and analysis stage to the improvement of the urban heat island effect, the measurement method is still the most important issue of the studies in this field. Basically, the measurement method of the urban heat island effect intensity has three types: remote sensing, mobile transect observation, and fixed station. In order to achieve the dual purpose of reducing research funding requirements and maintaining the accuracy of research results, this study proposes a way to combine mobile transect observation and fixed station. This study exploits the advantages of mobile transect observation and fixed station, and uses low-cost sensors to achieve the basic purpose of urban heat island effect research. First, in this study, low-cost sensors were mounted on mobile vehicles for more than ten mobile transect observations to identify relatively high temperature and low temperature regions in the city; meanwhile, the low-cost sensors were also placed in a simple fixed station to obtain long-term instantaneous urban temperature data. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze the 24-hour full-time variation of the urban heat island effect. Therefore, the results of this study can not only provide a reference for relevant researchers, but can also serve as an important criterion for government departments to establish an “urban heat island effect monitoring system” to achieve the goal of efficient use of the public budget.
Game Theoretical Energy Management with Storage Capacity Optimization and Photo-Voltaic Cell Generated Power Forecasting in Micro Grid
Authors: Naz Aqdas , Javaid Nadeem , Rasheed Muhammad Babar , Haseeb Abdul , Alhussein Musaed , Aurangzeb Khursheed
Published: May 2019

In order to ensure optimal and secure functionality of Micro Grid (MG), energy management system plays vital role in managing multiple electrical load and distributed energy technologies. With the evolution of Smart Grids (SG), energy generation system that includes renewable resources is introduced in MG. This work focuses on coordinated energy management of traditional and renewable resources. Users and MG with storage capacity is taken into account to perform energy management efficiently. First of all, two stage Stackelberg game is formulated. Every player in game theory tries to increase its payoff and also ensures user comfort and system reliability. In the next step, two forecasting techniques are proposed in order to forecast Photo Voltaic Cell (PVC) generation for announcing optimal prices. Furthermore, existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium (NE) of energy management algorithm are also proved. In simulation, results clearly show that proposed game theoretic approach along with storage capacity optimization and forecasting techniques give benefit to both players, i.e., users and MG. The proposed technique Gray wolf optimized Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (GARIMA) gives 40% better result and Cuckoo Search Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (CARIMA) gives 30% better results as compared to existing techniques.
Sustainable Emerging Country Agro-Food Supply Chains: Fresh Vegetable Price Formation Mechanisms in Rural China
Authors: Cao Yuliang , Mohiuddin Muhammad
Published: May 2019

Price formation mechanisms along the supply chain determine the economic viability of effective agro-food supply chains in emerging countries with small-scale subsistence-based agricultural activities. This study offers an analysis of the price formation mechanism along the Chinese fresh vegetable supply chain. It analyzes the features of market transactions in the upstream and downstream greenhouse cucumber supply chain, and presents an elastic model of pricing in the fresh and raw vegetable market in China. Based on the daily procurement price data of 78 cases in Lingyuan (Liaoning Province, China), and the wholesale price of 78 cases in Xinfadi (Beijing, China), the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, co-integration test, and Granger test were applied to reveal the relationship between the prices. Findings indicate that the price of fresh and raw vegetables is formed at the wholesale market, where after it cascades from wholesalers to direct buyers (primary merchants) and farmers, and is passed on to retailers and consumers, where the final market price is formed. Farmers exhibit bounded rationality decision-making, that is, they can only passively accept price fluctuations. Buyers (primary merchants, wholesalers’ agents, and retailers) at each level extract fixed rewards, while making no additional contribution to the price fluctuations along the chain. The wholesalers enjoy an oligopolistic competition market and can better take advantage of the asymmetric information to accommodate market demand.
A New Adjustment Strategy to Relieve Inhibition during Anaerobic Codigestion of Food Waste and Cow Manure
Authors: Ren Guangxin , Mao Chunlan , Zhai Ningning , Wang Boran , Liu Zhichao , Wang Xiaojiao , Yang Gaihe
Published: May 2019

A new adjustment strategy (controlling temperature, pH, inoculum dose, and liquid supernatant replacement in different digestion stages) was used to relieve volatile fatty acid (VFA) inhibition during anaerobic codigestion of FW and CM. Three digestion stages and groups were designed: initial stage (on days 1–5 the temperature was 45 °C), the second stage (on days 6–10 the temperature was 35 °C and inoculum was supplied), and the third stage (on days 11–50 the temperature was 35 °C and liquid supernatant was replaced). Groups A, B, and C had initial inoculums of 0, 100, and 200 mL and were supplied inoculums of 200, 100, and 0 mL, respectively. Results showed that in the initial stage, Group A had the highest VFA concentration (876.54 mg/L) and the lowest pH (3.6). In the second and third stages, pH (~5.5 and ~7.5) and VFA concentrations showed no significant differences in all groups. The highest VFA concentration (3248 mg/L), volatile solid (VS) removal rate (49.72%), and total methane production (TMP) (10,959 mL), the shortest λ (19.92 d), and the T90% (39.25 d) were obtained in Group B (pH 8.5). Group C had the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate (96.91%). Group A obtained the maximal TBP of 25,626 mL (pH 8.0).
Enhancing Food Safety through Adoption of Long-Term Technical Advisory, Financial, and Storage Support Services in Maize Growing Areas of East Africa
Authors: Mutiga Samuel K. , Mushongi Arnold A. , Kangéthe Erastus K.
Published: May 2019

Grain production and storage are major components in food security. In the ancient times, food security was achieved through gathering of fruits, grains, herbs, tubers, and roots from the forests by individual households. Advancements in human civilization led to domestication of crops and a need to save food for not only a household, but the nation. This extended need for food security led to establishment of national reservoirs for major produces and this practice varies greatly in different states. Each of the applied food production, handling, and storage approaches has its benefits and challenges. In sub-Saharan Africa, several countries have a public funded budget to subsidize production costs, to buy grains from farmers, and to store the produce for a specific period and/or until the next harvests. During the times of famine, the stored grains are later sold at subsidized prices or are given for free to the starving citizens. If there is no famine, the grain is sold to retailers and/or processors (e.g., millers) who later sell it to the consumers. This approach works well if the produce (mainly grain) is stored under conditions that do not favor growth of molds, as some of these microbes could contaminate the grain with toxic and carcinogenic metabolites called mycotoxins. Conditions that alleviate contamination of grains are required during production, handling, and storage. Most of the grain is produced by smallholder farmers under sub-optimal conditions, making it vulnerable to colonization and contamination by toxigenic fungi. Further, the grain is stored in silos at large masses, where it is hard to monitor the conditions at different points of these facilities, and hence, it becomes vulnerable to additional contamination. Production and storage of grain under conditions that favor mycotoxins poses major food health and safety risks to humans and livestock who consume it. This concept paper focuses on how establishment of a local grain production and banking system (LGPBS) could enhance food security and safety in East Africa. The concept of LGPBS provides an extension of advisory and finance support within warehouse receipt system to enhance grain production under optimal conditions. The major practices at the LGPBS and how each could contribute to food security and safety are discussed. While the concept paper gives more strength on maize production and safety, similar practices could be applied to enhance safety of other grains in the same LGPBS.
Day-Ahead Scheduling Model of the Distributed Small Hydro-Wind-Energy Storage Power System Based on Two-Stage Stochastic Robust Optimization
Authors: Dong Jun , Yang Peiwen , Nie Shilin
Published: May 2019

With renewable energy sources (RESs) highly penetrating into the power system, new problems emerge for the independent system operator (ISO) to maintain and keep the power system safe and reliable in the day-ahead dispatching process under the fluctuation caused by renewable energy. In this paper, considering the small hydropower with no reservoir, different from the other hydro optimization research and wind power uncertain circumstances, a day-ahead scheduling model is proposed for a distributed power grid system which contains several distributed generators, such as small hydropower and wind power, and energy storage systems. To solve this model, a two-stage stochastic robust optimization approach is presented to smooth out hydro power and wind power output fluctuation with the aim of minimizing the total expected system operation cost under multiple cluster water inflow scenarios, and the worst case of wind power output uncertainty. More specifically, before dispatching and clearing, it is necessary to cluster the historical inflow scenarios of small hydropower into several typical scenarios via the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering method, and then the clustering comprehensive quality (CCQ) method is also presented to evaluate whether these scenarios are representative, which has previously been ignored by cluster research. It can be found through numerical examples that FCM-CCQ can explain the classification more reasonably than the common clustering method. Then we optimize the two stage scheduling, which contain the pre-clearing stage and the rescheduling stage under each typical inflow scenario after clustering, and then calculate the final operating cost under the worst wind power output scenario. To conduct the proposed model, the day-ahead scheduling procedure on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 30-bus test system is simulated with real hydropower and wind power data. Compared with traditional deterministic optimization, the results of two-stage stochastic robust optimization structured in this paper, increases the total cost of the system, but enhances the conservative scheduling strategy, improves the stability and reliability of the power system, and reduces the risk of decision-making simultaneously.
A Simple GIS-Based Model for Urban Rainstorm Inundation Simulation
Authors: Meng Xianhong , Zhang Min , Wen Jiahong , Du Shiqiang , Xu Hui , Wang Luyang , Yang Yan
Published: May 2019

With rapid urbanization, floods that occur are more frequently associated with non-riverine, urban flooding. Reliable and efficient simulation of rainstorm inundation in an urban environment is profound for risk analysis and sustainable development. Although sophisticated hydrodynamic models are now available to simulate the urban flooding processes with a high accuracy, the complexity and heavy computation requirement render these models difficult to apply. Moreover, a large number of input data describing the complex urban underlying surfaces is required to setup the models, which are typically unavailable in reality. In this paper, a simple and efficient urban rainstorm inundation simulation method, named URIS, was developed based on a geographic information system (GIS) with limited input data. The URIS method is a simplified distributed hydrological model, integrating three components of the soil conservation service (SCS) module, surface flow module, and drainage flow module. Cumulative rainfall-runoff, output from the SCS model, feeds the surface flow model, while the drainage flow module is an important waterlogging mitigation measure. The central urban area of Shanghai in China was selected as a study case to calibrate and verify the method. It was demonstrated that the URIS is capable of characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamic processes of urban inundation and drainage under a range of scenarios, such as different rainstorm patterns with varying return periods and different alterations of drainage diameters. URIS is therefore characterized with high efficiency, reasonable data input, and low hardware requirements and should be an alternative to hydrodynamic models. It is useful for urgent urban flood inundation estimation and is applicable for other cities in supporting emergency rescue and sustainable urban planning.
A Competency Framework to Assess and Activate Education for Sustainable Development: Addressing the UN Sustainable Development Goals 4.7 Challenge
Authors: Giangrande Naresh , White Rehema M. , East May , Jackson Ross , Clarke Tim , Saloff Coste Michel , Penha-Lopes Gil
Published: May 2019

The UN Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (herein, Agenda 30) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer both a set of aspirations for the kind of future we would like to see for the world and a suite of targets and indicators to support goal implementation. Goal 4 promotes quality education and Target 4.7 specifically addresses Education for Sustainability. However, creating a monitoring and evaluation framework for Target 4.7 has been challenging. The aim of this research was to develop a meaningful assessment process. We used a dialogical intervention across complementary expertises and piloted concepts in a trainer workshop. We then developed a modified competency framework, drawing on previous competency models but innovating through the addition of intrapersonal competencies, a self-reflective validation scheme, a focus on non-formal learning, and specific alignment with SDG 4.7 requirements. Through exploration of how such learning could be activated, we proposed the use of multiple intelligences. Education plays a synergistic role in achieving the aspirations embedded within Agenda 2030 and the SDGs. We concluded that Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) will require individuals to acquire ‘key competencies’, aligning with notions of transformational learning, in addition to other generic and context specific competencies.
Development of a Military Uniform Size System Using Hybrid Support Vector Clustering with a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hu Ting-Chen , Chen Jason C.H. , Yang Gino K. , Chen Cheng-Wei
Published: May 2019

Military uniforms serve as an essential symbol for servicemen and an important image of national and military dignity. The current military uniform size system in Taiwan, which features various types of military uniforms based on the body sizes of servicemen, was formulated in 1986. This size classification system includes numerous groups and is too complex, leading to inventory overstock, increased inventory cost and warehouse staff workload, and a waste of national defense resources. This study used support vector clustering (SVC) with genetic algorithm (GA) models to improve the upper garment size system for uniforms. The SVC technique was employed to classify sizes, and the GA technique was used to determine optimal parameter values for the SVC model. This paper developed an upper garment size system that can increase the fit of uniforms to servicemen’s body sizes and reduce the number of size groups, thereby alleviating warehouse staff workload and inventory cost.
Generalized Contractive Mappings and Related Results in b-Metric Like Spaces with an Application
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , De la Sen Manuel
Published: May 2019

In this article, a general contractive mapping is presented and some fixed point results in complete b-metric-like spaces are studied. The results obtained here extend and improve some related results in the literature. Also, new common fixed point results for a graphic contraction mappings are proved. Some comparative examples are given to support the obtained results. Moreover, an analytical solution of an integral equation has been presented as an application.
Significance of Velocity Slip in Convective Flow of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Alshomrani Ali Saleh , Ullah Malik Zaka
Published: May 2019

The present article inspects velocity slip impacts in three-dimensional flow of water based carbon nanotubes because of a stretchable rotating disk. Nanoparticles like single and multi walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are utilized. Graphical outcomes have been acquired for both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The heat transport system is examined in the presence of thermal convective condition. Proper variables lead to a strong nonlinear standard differential framework. The associated nonlinear framework has been tackled by an optimal homotopic strategy. Diagrams have been plotted so as to examine how the temperature and velocities are influenced by different physical variables. The coefficients of skin friction and Nusselt number have been exhibited graphically. Our results indicate that the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are enhanced for larger values of nanoparticle volume fraction.
A General Phenomenon of Spontaneous Amplification of Optical Purity under Achiral Chromatographic Conditions
Authors: Pietrusiewicz K. Michał , Borkowski Mariusz , Strzelecka Dorota , Kielar Katarzyna , Kicińska Wioleta , Karevych Sergei , Jasiński Radomir , Demchuk Oleg M.
Published: May 2019

This work explores the behavior of chiral compound mixtures enriched in one of the enantiomers whilst a typical chromatography on the achiral stationary phase is employed. The influence of several factors, such as the eluent composition, ratio of the compound to the stationary phase, and the initial enatiomeric purity of the compound used on the distribution of the enantiomers in the collected chromatographic fraction, was studied. The obtained results indicate that the phenomenon of Self Disproportionation of Enantiomer (SDE) occurred in all cases, and some of the collected fractions got higher optical purities than the initial one. Thus, achiral column chromatography could be applied in some cases as the simplest approach for chiral purification. Based on the experimental results and DFT calculations, an alternative concept explaining the SDE phenomenon was proposed. Due to its generality and simplicity, SDE may also be responsible for the formation of the first chiral non-racemic compounds on the early Earth.
Deflection Angle of Photons through Dark Matter by Black Holes and Wormholes Using Gauss–Bonnet Theorem
Authors: Övgün Ali
Published: May 2019

In this research, we used the Gibbons–Werner method (Gauss–Bonnet theorem) on the optical geometry of a black hole and wormhole, extending the calculation of weak gravitational lensing within the Maxwell’s fish eye-like profile and dark-matter medium. The angle is seen as a partially topological effect, and the Gibbons–Werner method can be used on any asymptotically flat Riemannian optical geometry of compact objects in a dark-matter medium.
Mouse Vendor Influence on the Bacterial and Viral Gut Composition Exceeds the Effect of Diet
Authors: Rasmussen Torben Sølbeck , de Vries Liv , Kot Witold , Hansen Lars Hestbjerg , Castro-Mejía Josué L. , Vogensen Finn Kvist , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Nielsen Dennis Sandris
Published: May 2019

Often physiological studies using mice from one vendor show different outcome when being reproduced using mice from another vendor. These divergent phenotypes between similar mouse strains from different vendors have been assigned to differences in the gut microbiome. During recent years, evidence has mounted that the gut viral community plays a key role in shaping the gut microbiome and may thus also influence mouse phenotype. However, to date inter-vendor variation in the murine gut virome has not been studied. Using a metavirome approach, combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we here compare the composition of the viral and bacterial gut community of C57BL/6N mice from three different vendors exposed to either a chow-based low-fat diet or high-fat diet. Interestingly, both the bacterial and the viral component of the gut community differed significantly between vendors. The different diets also strongly influenced both the viral and bacterial gut community, but surprisingly the effect of vendor exceeded the effect of diet. In conclusion, the vendor effect is substantial not only on the gut bacterial community but also strongly influences viral community composition. Given the effect of GM on mice phenotype, this is essential to consider for increasing reproducibility of mouse studies.
Extreme Precipitation Spatial Analog: In Search of an Alternative Approach for Future Extreme Precipitation in Urban Hydrological Studies
Authors: Wang Ariel , Dominguez Francina , Schmidt Arthur
Published: May 2019

In this paper, extreme precipitation spatial analog is examined as an alternative method to adapt extreme precipitation projections for use in urban hydrological studies. The idea for this method is that real climate records from some cities can serve as “analogs” that behave like potential future precipitation for other locations at small spatio-temporal scales. Extreme precipitation frequency quantiles of a 3.16 km 2 catchment in the Chicago area, computed using simulations from North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) Regional Climate Models (RCMs) with L-moment method, were compared to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 (NA14) quantiles at other cities. Variances in raw NARCCAP historical quantiles from different combinations of RCMs, General Circulation Models (GCMs), and remapping methods are much larger than those in NA14. The performance for NARCCAP quantiles tend to depend more on the RCMs than the GCMs, especially at durations less than 24-h. The uncertainties in bias-corrected future quantiles of NARCCAP are still large compared to those of NA14, and increase with rainfall duration. Results show that future 3-h and 30-day rainfall in Chicago will be similar to historical rainfall from Memphis, TN and Springfield, IL, respectively. This indicates that the spatial analog is potentially useful, but highlights the fact that the analogs may depend on the duration of the rainfall of interest.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Motion and Resistance Characteristics of the Partial Air Cushion Supported Catamaran
Authors: Lu Shijie , Zou Jin , Zhang Yuangang , Guo Zhiqun
Published: May 2019

The Partial Air Cushion Supported Catamaran (PACSCAT) is an innovative design which combines both the characteristics of hovercraft and catamaran. Further, it provides a high-speed and efficient solution with excellent performance, particularly for shallow water. In this paper, experimental and numerical method are carried out for research of motion attitude and resistance characteristics, which provide a reference for further research and hull optimization work. By model towing test and data interpretation, and the resistance, trim, and heave varying law with increasing speed is summarized. From the view of total resistance, the impacts of the cushion pressure and air flow on resistance performance of PACSCAT are analyzed. Based on the theory of viscous fluid mechanics, a numerical simulation method with high prediction accuracy is established. The flow field around and inside the hull is simulated, the simulating results show good agreements with the testing data. Finally, the effect of the cushion compartment improving the resistance performance is studied. The results show that the cushion compartment is significant for adjusting the pressure distribution of the air cushion. And the average resistance reduction ratio at the high-speed segment can even reach 22%.
Wave Overtopping of Stepped Revetments
Authors: Kerpen Nils B. , Schoonees Talia , Schlurmann Torsten
Published: May 2019

Wave overtopping—i.e., excess of water over the crest of a coastal protection infrastructure due to wave run-up—of a smooth slope can be reduced by introducing slope roughness. A stepped revetment ideally constitutes a slope with uniform roughness and can reduce overtopping volumes of breaking waves up to 60% compared to a smooth slope. The effectiveness of the overtopping reduction decreases with increasing Iribarren number. However, to date a unique approach applicable for a wide range of boundary conditions is still missing. The present paper: (i) critically reviews and analyzes previous findings; (ii) contributes new results from extensive model tests addressing present knowledge gaps; and (iii) proposes a novel empirical formulation for robust prediction of wave overtopping of stepped revetments for breaking and non-breaking waves. The developed approach contrasts a critical assessment based on parameter ranges disclosed beforehand between a smooth slope on the one hand and a plain vertical wall on the other. The derived roughness reduction coefficient is developed and adjusted for a direct incorporation into the present design guidelines. Underlying uncertainties due to scatter of the results are addressed and quantified. Scale effects are highlighted.
Reflection of the Crusading Movement in Rusian Sources: Tantalizing Hints
Authors: Mikhailova Yulia
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses references to the crusades in Rusian (that is, medieval Russian/Ukrainian/Belorussian) literature and their implications for the question of relations between Rus and Latin Europe. This question, in turn, is linked with a methodological problem, familiar to all medievalists but especially relevant for Rus’ studies: how do we use sources that survive only in later copies?
Portugal e o Museu de South Kensington: A “Prodigiosa Galeria”
Authors: Oliveira Ramos Paulo
Published: May 2019

Over a thirty year period, between 1862 and 1893, a group of Portuguese luminaries, among which José Silvestre Ribeiro, Sousa Holstein, Joaquim de Vasconcelos, Ricardo Guimarães (Viscount of Benalcanfôr), Jacinto António de Sousa, Avelino da Silva Guimarães and Francisco da Fonseca Benevides, alongside some of the towering
figures in Portuguese literature, namely Ramalho Ortigão, Oliveira Martins and Fialho de Almeida, wrote on a common theme: the South Kensington Museum in London. The reasons leading up to thecreation of this museum, their views on its facilities and, chiefly, its collections, the idea of the travelling museum and the South Kensington Museum’s influence in Europe and Portugal were some of the key topics that intersect in those texts.
A focus of the nanoprecipitation by solvent displacement: example of poly(MAOTIB) intended to in vivo applications
Authors: Wallyn Justine , Vandamme Thierry , Anton Nicolas
Published: May 2019

Through this study, we propose to specifically focus on a particular stage of the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles intended to be used as contrast agent for biomedical X-ray imaging. These nanoparticles, made from nanoprecipitation of preformed polymer, poly(MAOTIB) (poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate))) follow a solvent displacement process. This method, widely used in literature, is sensitive to the formulation and process parameters such as nature and concentrations of surfactant and polymer, solvent / non-solvent ratio, rate of addition of one phase in the other one, respective volumes of the phase, and homogenization shearing rate. On the other hand, in function of the aimed administration route, the final suspension should obey to specific constraints on final product, e.g. size range and polydispersity, final particle concentration (i.e. iodine concentration) and surfactant concentration. In the present work, we report a specific investigation on the nanoprecipiation of poly(MAOTIB) in tetrahydrofuran, dropped in water or ethanol (as non-solvent) and stabilized by nonionic surfactant. The objective is to show and explain the potentials and limitations of such the process, but also to provide a guidance on the way to optimize it.
POTENSI PENYELEWENGAN ALOKASI DANA DESA DI KAJI MENURUT PERATURAN MENTERI DALAM NEGERI NOMOR 37 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA
Authors: Yulianah Yuyun
Published: May 2019

A lot of government aid which is allocated for village development is kind ofgovernment attention to rural areas. However, in this case the potency of Villagefinancial fraud is more likely to happen. It is not apart from the lack of thesupervision from district government officials on the funds flow process. In addition,which is also important is the human resources of government officials in the villageitself were generally weak. The amount of the Village Fund Allocation (ADD)received by the Head of Village is quite small and is not comparable with theresponsibility of the head of the village which is expected to organize villagedevelopment. Even worse, the ADD fraud culture by unscrupulous bureaucracy hascaused the fund received by the village was pretty small.Keywords: Regional Autonomy, Village Fund Allocation.
ANALISIS TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PROSTITUSI DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN ETIKA MORAL SERTA UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN DI KAWASAN CISARUA KAMPUNG ARAB
Authors: Amalia Mia
Published: May 2019

Prostitution’s phenomenon is one of criminality forms that is very difficult to overcome and this criminality type is widely supported by economic factors in the environment, until now, prostitution cannot be stopped, as well as a treatment to sexual morality, domestic life, health, women’s welfare. One of the problems is because the number of tourists from the Middle East came and went to Kampung Arab, the area of Puncak, Bogor regency particularly. The practical sexual transaction not only experiencing by the prostitutes from Bogor and Cianjur (PSK Domestic) but also between Arabic tourists and Moroccos, what we called Maghribi. Therefore, the government should be more active in seeking solutions to this problem, such as eradicating prostitution bravely in brothels. As the time goes by, Indonesian culture will be eroded from that area and the most worrying is the case of prostitution will multiply as social issues related to moral ethics nationally.Keywords: Prostitution, Moral Ethics and Prevention of Prostitution.
Resensi Buku (Book Review) Satjipto Rahardjo, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya, 2014
Authors: Priyatno Dwidja , Aridhayandi M. Rendi
Published: May 2019

Satjipto Rahardjo (lahir di Banyumas, 15 Februari 1930, meninggal di Semarang, 9 Januari 2010 pada umur 79 tahun) adalah seorang tokoh hukum Indonesia. Buku karya Satjipto Rahardjo yang berjudul Ilmu Hukum (Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 2014), telah dicetak tidak kurang dari 8 (delapan) kali. Pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1982, selanjutnya di tahun 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2006, 2012 dan 2014. Dalam kata pengantar cetakan kedelapan disebutkan rupa-rupanya buku ini cukup banyak dikonsumsi oleh berbagai Fakultas Hukum di Indonesia. terbukti dengan terbitan 1.500 eksemplar pada tahun 2012, ternyata pada tahun 2014 awal buku ini harus dicetak lagi.Sedikit catatan tentang Satjipto yaitu menamatkan pendidikan pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, pada tahun 1960 dan kemudian meraih gelar Doktor Ilmu Hukum di Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, pada tahun 1979, dengan judul disertasi “Hukum dan Perubahan Sosial”. Guru Besar dalam Sosiologi Hukum pada Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Selanjutnya ada sebutan Tjip, (kata Tjip lahir sejak tahun 2008. Yaitu dilatarbelakangi berdirinya kelompok diskusi hukum progresif bersama “Kaum Tjipian”, berasal dari kata panggilan Satjipto, mengutip tradisi Hegelian, Marxian, Aristotelian, dst. Pada tahun 2011 telah dideklarasikan sebuah lembaga nonprofit bernama “Satjipto Rahardjo Institute”).Buku ini muncul ini dilatar-belakangi kekosongan buku pegangan mata kuliah yang disebut “Pengantar Ilmu Hukum” untuk mahasiswa yang ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, selain itu kebanyakan fakultas-fakultas hukum di Indonesia pada waktu yang lalu secara “tradisional” memakai buku Apeldoorn, yang menurut Satjipto banyak fakultas hukum yang sudah tidak lagi meng-gunakan buku tersebut. Buku tersebut, yang notabene adalah buku pengantar untuk mempelajari hukum Belanda, kurang memberikan informasi yang sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan pengetahuan tentang hukum dewasa ini.
BEZIT AND NARCOTICS POWER ACCORDING TO LAW NO. 35 OF 2009 CONCERNING NARCOTICS
Authors: Zulkarnaen Ahmad Hunaeni
Published: May 2019

Narcotics are substances or drugs that have the potential to damage health, which then production, distribution and consumption are then regulated in code No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics (UUN). Drug abuse is the act of possessing, buying, selling and using narcotics. Narcotics abuses are considered to be high-level crime (extraordinary crime), and the sanctions for such crimes are very serious, starting from rehabilitation to capital punishment. seeing the severity of sanctions on narcotics abusers and the unclear definition of "possessing" in UUN, of course legal protection of suspected drug abusers must be taken seriously. Especially for those possessing/carrying narcotics without their knowledge. Keywords: Bezit; Narcotics; Drug Abuse.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA DENGAN METODE DEBAT DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII C SMPN 4 CIANJUR
Authors: Mulyani Imas Sri
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini berangkat dari latar belakang kemampuan komunikasi bahasa Inggris masih rendah. Penyebab timbulnya masalah antara lain: (1) Sebagian peserta didik beranggapan bahwa bahasa Inggris merupakan mata pelajaran yang tidak menarik, sulit, dan membosankan. (2) Proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris kurang kondusif dan inovatif dalam penyampaian pelajaran sehingga peserta didik tidak bisa menerima pembelajaran yang telah diberikan oleh gurunya dan mengakibatkan kemampuan serta  hasil   belajar    bahasa Inggris   tidak   sesuai   dengan   yang   diharapkan. (3) Rendahnya kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris peserta didik juga dikarenakan guru masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menyampaikan materi bahasa Inggris kepada peserta didik, (4) Kurangnya variasi dan inovasi guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran, teknik pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, model pembelajaran, dan bahan ajar  juga  menyebabkan peserta didik kurang bergairah  atau kurang  semangat dalam menerima pelajaran.Salah satu model pembelajaran  yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar adalah dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran debat. Metode debat merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris.Desain penelitian ini menggunakan model Kemmis dan Tagart dengan tahapan perencanaan, tindakan dan pengamatan serta refleksi untuk setiap siklus.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada kenaikan jumlah peserta didik yang aktif hal ini terlihat dari jumlah peserta didik yang aktif berbicara dalam mengungkapkan dan menyanggah pendapat, perbendaharaan kosakata, susunan kalimat, intonasi, pengucapan, dan bekerjasama.Berdasarkan rata-rata kemampuan berbicara bahasa Ingris peserta didik pada siklus I dan siklus II mengalami kenaikan yaitu nilai rata-rata 77.81 menjadi 89 dengan nilai tertinggi 87 menjadi 92 dan nilai terendah 75 menjadi 87 pada siklus II. Kata kunci: kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris, aktivitas peserta didik,  metode debat.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING WRITING OF PROCEDURAL TEXT
Authors: Salsabila Vina Aini
Published: May 2019

This study aims to identify how project-based learning can help develop students’ writing ability in the form of procedural text. The study used a qualitative case study design. The data were collected through classroom observation, students’ writing, and interview which were analyzed qualitatively. The data show that PBL can develop students’ writing ability in which students improve their capacity in the concept of procedural text involving social function, schematic structure, and linguistic features. Key Words: Project-based learning, writing, procedural text
AREL TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS IN DEBATING
Authors: Nirwana Suci Rahayu , Kurniawati Nia
Published: May 2019

Speaking skill is believed as an essential part of language instruction at every level because it supports learning in multiple ways. Debate is considered as the best method to enhance students‟ speaking skills that used to construct the argument, create the logic idea, work in group, sharing knowledge and arrange the information to be delivered in debating. This is a qualitative research focuses on AREL to enhance the students‟ speaking skills in debating. The aims of this research are finding out the implementation of AREL in debating; investigating how AREL reflected on students speaking performance and revealing the obstacles faced by teacher and students in applying AREL. The research was conducted in a senior high school and involved tenth-grade students who became a delegation in each class as the candidates to compete in the debate competition in Cianjur. The instruments used for this research were observation, questionnaire, and interview. Moreover, there were stages in implementing AREL included: introducing debate of WSDC, implementing AREL (Assertion, Evidence, Reason, and Link-back), giving a stimulant, and constructing the argument. By using AREL in debating, the students became confident to speak English and got a lot of benefits from the debate not only for their speaking skills but also advancing their critical thinking. They showed their ability to explore the argument by giving a logical reason and strong evidence in order to elaborate on their argument. It was also reflected in the students speaking performance including conversational discourse, pronunciation, accuracy and fluency, affective factors, and the interaction effect. However, AREL is difficult to apply for students with insufficient ability in reading information and constructing or arranging their speech. In addition, the students were still in tenth grade and it was also such an obstacle because their speaking skill is still low. Furthermore, the students have more obstacles in their speaking skills such as memorization, anxiety, less vocabularies, and grammatical error.
AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS MOVIE SCRIPT
Authors: Wijaya Feby Rosella , Helmie Jauhar
Published: May 2019

Pragmatics is branch of linguistics studies that attracts the writer to learn more about it. This study aims to identify the directive speech acts performed in “The Fault in Our Stars” movie script. Moreover, this study investigated how often the direct speech acts performed and which type of directive speech acts that are most frequently used in the movie script. The writer uses qualitative research method by collecting data from read the movie script, analyzing the dialogues of each characters, watch the movie and read the library research. A total of 40 directive speech acts were successfully identified. The result of analysis shows that the illocutionary acts with directive speech acts of suggest is the most frequently in the movie script (3, 50%). The least frequently used locutionary with the directive speech acts of order in the movie script (0, 0%). This study is expected to give some useful insights in understanding what directive speech acts is.  The writer hopes people can not only produce speech acts in their daily activities, but also understand why and how people react or response directive speech acts. Keywords: Directive speech acts, movie script, dialogues, qualitative.
FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESIONAL: COMPETENCIA PARA SU DESARROLLO
Authors: Barberan Cevallos José Patricio , Zambrano Roldan Karen Estefanía , Calderón Zamora Oscar Xavier
Published: May 2019

La formación de fuerza de trabajo calificada es una tarea de toda la sociedad y en la cual también participan los organismos y otros agentes sociales. No obstante, las transformaciones ocurridas en el plano político, económico y social provocan cambios en las políticas educacionales. Sin dudas, estos cambios imponen a las instituciones docentes, el reto de formar profesionales para ser capaces de asimilar activa y creadoramente los contenidos de la cultura y en particular, de apropiarse de aquellos modos de pensar, sentir, hacer y actuar que les garantice una adecuada orientación en los diferentes contextos profesionales. Para lograr este importante empeño se requiere de una visión integradora por parte de los docentes y estudiantes, que se traduzca en acciones concretas dirigidas a lograr las transformaciones de estos a partir de las demandas que exige la sociedad contemporánea actual. Todo ello con el propósito de garantizar el tránsito del protagonismo del docente al protagonismo del estudiante, del discurso a la acción, de la uniformidad a la diferenciación personal en la dinámica del proceso y sus transformaciones. En tal sentido, en este artículo se expone una experiencia relacionada con el modo de lograr la formación del profesional a partir del desarrollo de las competencias profesionales desde la proyección de la dinámica del proceso formativo.
Análisis del crecimiento y producción de látex en plantaciones forestales comerciales de hule (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) en el estado de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Rosa , Rojo Martínez Gustavo Enrique , Jasso Mata Jesús
Published: May 2019

Se seleccionaron 41 plantaciones en la región del Papaloapan; estas no presentaban evidencias de daños por plagas, enfermedades o acciones mecánicas; tienen un espaciamiento de 6 x 3 m y cubren edades de 1 a 42 años. En cada plantación se trazaron sitios de 1000 m2 y se enumeraron consecutivamente los árboles incluidos en ellas. Se midieron 2255 árboles en total a los cuales se les midió la siguiente información: grosor de corteza (gc), altura de fuste limpio (altf), altura total (altt), diámetro normal (dpa), proyección de copa norte-sur y este-oeste y a 1562 árboles la producción de látex en kg/árbol/año. Con el objetivo de establecer el grado de asociación entre la producción de látex y las variables dasométricas, para esto se empleo el paquete estadístico SAS (SAS Institute Inc., 1991). De acuerdo a la comparación de los 4 modelos matemáticos para predecir el volumen comercial del clon IAN-710 de Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg. El modelo de la ecuación logarítmica y la ecuación australiana presentaron los mejores ajustes para la predicción del volumen. Sin embargo, se eligió el modelo logarítmico por la mejor distribución de valores residuales y por ser más fácil de aplicar que la ecuación australiana. La ecuación elegida expresas en su forma exponencial es: V= 0.02882823 * D2.24237 H0.74475
Ciudadanias invisibles, estado ausente
Authors: Ocampo Banda Luis E.
Published: May 2019

El Estado Mexicano se encuentra cada día más ausente en diversos sectores de la sociedad. La realidad muto y hoy tenemos la aparición de nuevas formas de hacer política, al mercado construyendo nuevas subjetividades y al consumidor en sustitución del ciudadano. El auge del crimen organizado y la aparición de nuevas ciudadanías son elementos que cuestionan la esencia del Estado, ente político por naturaleza y hoy cada día más acotado, ausente y de espaldas a la ciudadanía, una ciudadanía invisible, violentada y en construcción que no encuentra a quien endosarle sus demandas.