bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poczucie identyfikacji terytorialnej a nasilenie zachowań antyspołecznych w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej społecznie
Authors: Konaszewski Karol , Prymak Tomasz , Rutkowski Sebastian , Tuci Alfred
Published: May 2020

Celem pracy jest prezentacja wybranych wyników badań, poświęconych poczucia identyfikacji terytorialnej w grupie młodzieży nieprzystosowanej w kontekście ich zachowań antyspołecznych. W przypadku niniejszych badań poczucie identyfikacji odnośni się hierarchicznie do pięciu kręgów: miejsca zamieszkania, regionalnego, narodowego, europejskiego i globalnego. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, w ramach którego wykorzystano technikę ankiety. W celu określenia obrazu wadliwego funkcjonowania społecznego wykorzystano Skalę Nieprzystosowania Społecznego Lesława Pytki. Ogółem przebadano 481 wychowanków młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych. Statystyczna analiza danych nie wykazała różnić w poczucie identyfikacji terytorialnej ze względu na poziom nasilenia zachowań antyspołecznych w grupie młodzieży z ośrodków wychowawczych.
Corporate governance and firm performance within the Russian agri-food sector: does ownership structure matter?
Authors: Tleubayev Alisher , Bobojonov Ihtiyor , Gagalyuk Taras , Meca Emma García , Glauben Thomas
Published: May 2020

This article provides pioneering empirical evidence on the ownership structure and firm performance relationship for the case of corporate agri-food companies in Russia. While Russia plays a vital role in the global agri-food system, its domestic agri-food production is evidently dominated by a small number of corporate enterprises, which are in turn characterized by high ownership concentration. We employ unique panel data obtained from 203 companies for the years between 2012 and 2017. A random effects model was used to analyze the impacts of ownership concentration and ownership identity on the firms’ financial performance, measured by return on assets and return on sales. Our results indicate an inverse U-shaped association between ownership concentration and firm performance, with average level of ownership concentration found to be on the descending range of the inverse U-shaped curve. Moreover, we observe a similar quadratic relationship between ownership concentration by government and directors and firm performance. On average, ownership by directors was found to be on the ascending range and below the peak point, suggesting a potential for further performance improvement, while the impact of agroholding ownership was found to be linear and positive.
Literatura Normativa Pragmática e a Produção de Conhecimento Normativo nos Impérios Ibéricos do Início da Idade Moderna (Séculos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Duve Thomas
Published: May 2020

RESUMOEste capítulo introdutório tem por objetivo mostrar o papel da ‘literatura normativa pragmática’ no regime histórico de produção de conhecimento nos impérios ibéricos do início da modernidade (séculos XVI-XVII) e definir esse gênero literário em vista de sua função. Ele começa com uma tentativa de apresentar a história do direito dos impérios ibéricos como parte de uma tradição jurídica que pode ser compreendida como um enorme processo diacrônico de intertextualidade, uma longa história de atos reiterativos de tradução de informação normativa em conhecimento normativo. Ele destaca a razão pela qual o conhecimento normativo produzido por atores religiosos foi de grande significância dentro da economia do conhecimento dos impérios ibéricos nos séculos XVI e XVII e como teologia prática, práticas normativas e literatura pragmática estavam entrelaçadas. Dessa reconstrução de certas características fundamentais, é possível sugerir a definição de ‘literatura normativa pragmática’, resumir o atual estado das pesquisas sobre as formas de comunicação que compuseram o gênero e concluir com alguns comentários sobre porque a literatura pragmática pode ter sido de especial significância para governar um império.PALAVRAS-CHAVEHistória do direito. Teologia moral. História do Conhecimento. América Latina Colonial. História do livro jurídico.ABSTRACTThis introductory chapter aims to show the role of ‘pragmatic normative literature’ in the historical regime of knowledge production in the early modern Iberian Empires during the 16th and 17th centuries and to define this literary genre in the light of this function. It starts with an attempt to present the legal history of the Iberian empires as part of a legal tradition that can be understood as a huge diachronic process of intertextuality, a long history of reiterative acts of translating normative information into normative knowledge. It outlines why normative knowledge produced by religious actors was of overwhelming significance within the knowledge economy of the 16th- and 17th-century Iberian empires and how practical theology, normative practices and pragmatic literature were intertwined. From this reconstruction of certain fundamental characteristics, it is possible to suggest a definition of ‘pragmatic normative literature’, to summarise the current state of research on the media that comprised this genre and to conclude with some remarks on why pragmatic literature might have been of special significance for governing an empire.KEYWORDSLegal History. Moral Theology. History of Knowledge. Colonial Latin America. History of Legal Books.
O direito e o além da literatura
Authors: Fernandes Izabel Tomaz Amorim
Published: May 2020

Este artigo buscará ler o ensaio clássico “O direito à literatura” de Antonio Candido, publicado em 1988, a partir do comentário crítico feito a ele no ensaio “Além da literatura” de Marcos Natali, publicado em 2006. A fim de tornar claros os argumentos de ambos os ensaios, e os pressupostos que o ensaio de Natali busca criticar no ensaio de Candido, faremos uma breve exposição dos argumentos principais de cada um, seguida de uma apreciação crítica da crítica: uma tentativa de mostrar as congruências e incongruências de Candido a partir de Natali e de possíveis limitações da crítica Natali a outros potenciais do ensaio de Candido. Esta difícil empreitada, que não tem de forma alguma a intenção de ser exaustiva, já que se trata de um debate central, e ainda em pleno desenvolvimento, para a história da crítica literária brasileira, tentará buscar não apenas um conceito de literatura que abranja a variedade e diferença de origem e contexto da produção contemporânea, mas também os fundamentos para sua crítica.
PRESENÇAS DE MIGRANTES INTERNACIONAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO E NA ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL EM FRONTEIRA
Authors: Oliveira Marco Aurélio Machado , Almeida Renata Papa , Aguilar Mabel Sahib
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a presença de migrantes internacionais na rede municipal de educação e assistência social em Corumbá, MS, Brasil. Nossos estudos foram balizados por conceitos de fronteira que dessem conta de entender como as esferas administrativas em questão têm que lidar com esse público e suas especificidades. Para tanto, as etapas metodológicas adotadas foram: ampla revisão bibliográfica, coleta e sistematização de dados nos órgãos investigados e realização de abordagens junto aos seus funcionários. Os resultados foram: demonstração de variadas nacionalidades e conflitos de opiniões a respeito da presença desses grupos sociais.
Herbicides in surface water bodies - behaviour, effects on aquatic organisms and risk assessment
Authors: Stevanovic Marija , Gasic Slavica
Published: May 2020

Pesticides play a very important role in reducing losses and maintaining
quality in crop production. Although positive effects of pesticide use are
undeniable, adverse effects are frequent. This has led to a comprehensive
reevaluation of the benefits of pesticide use and potential adverse effects
on human health and the environment before placing them on the market. The
fact that pesticides are designed to be toxic and are deliberately
introduced into the environment, makes them a very important and strictly
regulated group of pollutants. The most commonly used group of pesticides
are herbicides, and their detection in surface water bodies has been
repeatedly reported. In spite of being designed to be toxic to target
species, adverse effects on other inhabitants of aquatic environments have
also been observed. In order to prevent negative environmental effects, the
registration process for active substances and plant protection products
involves predictive environmental risk assessments (ERA). Reliable
assessment of long-term effects on non-target species, natural populations
and ecosystems is a priority and ERA process is constantly being improved.
Effects of nicosulfuron on biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: Bozic Dragana , Saric-Krsmanovic Marija , Vrbnicanin Sava
Published: May 2020

Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of nicosulfuron on
biological production of weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Plants of this
weed species were sown in plots sized 5x4.2 m with inter-row spacing of 24
cm, and 70 cm distance between rows. Plants with two pairs of developed
leaves were treated with nicosulfuron using the next rates: 0, 10, 20, 40,
60 and 80 g a.i. ha-1. Vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight and
leaf area) were recorded five times during vegetation, including the first
measurement just before herbicide application and four measurements at
intervals of about two weeks. Head and seed production (number of heads per
plant, head weight, head diameter, weight of seeds per head, weight of seeds
per plant, number of seeds per plant) were determined after seed maturity.
The application of nicosulfuron caused growth reduction of weedy sunflower
in comparison with the control. All application rates of this herbicide
reduced vegetative (height, fresh weight, leaf area) and some generative
(number of heads per plant, weight of seeds per plant, number of seeds per
plant) parameters, which decreased with increasing rates of nicosulfuron.
Effects on the remaining generative test parameters (head weight, head
diameter, weight of seeds per head) were not analogous to the effects on
other parameters.
Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates from a recent outbreak on cabbage in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Popovic Tatjana , Jelusic Aleksandra , Markovic Sanja , Ilicic Renata
Published: May 2020

The causal agent of soft rot disease associated with a cabbage outbreak in
Semberija region, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2018 was identified and
characterized. Symptoms appeared in the form of water-soaked lesions on
leaves and specific odour. Disease incidence ranged from 20% to 30%. The
causal pathogen was isolated on nutrient agar (NA), King?s B and crystal
violet pectate (CVP) media. Eight creamy-white, round and convex bacterial
isolates, which produced characteristic pits on CVP medium were taken as
representative. They were gram negative, facultative anaerobe, oxidase
negative, catalase positive, nonfluorescent on King?s B medium, levan and
arginine dehydrolase negative. The isolates were able to cause soft rot on
cabbage and potato tuber slices 24 h after inoculation under conditions of
high relative humidity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for
preliminary identification by using three specific primer sets: F0145/E2477
(specific for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), Br1f/L1r
(specific for P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis) and ECA1f/ECA2r (specific
for P. atrosepticum). All isolates produced the band size of 666 bp with
F0145/E2477 primer pair, indicating that they belong to the species P.
carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Further genetic characterization was based
on sequence analysis of the gapA and mdh housekeeping genes. BLAST analysis
confirmed 99.39% (Q. cover 100%, E. value 0.0) and 100% (Q. cover 100%, E.
value 0.0) identity of the isolates with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
strains deposited in the NCBI database as M34 (KY047594) for gapA and Pcc
t0437 (KC337296) for mdh genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed
genetic homogeneity among the cabbage isolates.
Influence of laser metal deposition direction in the abrasive and adhesive wear resistance of Ni-Cr-B-Si coatings
Authors: Sousa Jurandir Marcos Sá de , Pereira Adriano de Souza Pinto , Pereira Milton , Silva Rafael Gomes Nunes
Published: May 2020

Problems related to component wear are one of the biggest challenges faced by industrial sectors such as agriculture, mining, and oil and gas. Coating application has been a good alternative to mitigate these problems. Ni-Cr-B-Si alloys are recognized for their abrasion and adhesion resistance properties. In this context, a comparison between the mechanical wear of Ni-Cr-B-Si 1545-00 deposited via laser metal deposition is performed in two setups. The goal was to study the effect of the cladding direction in the coating wear resistance. The coated samples were prepared according to the dimensions required by ASTM G65, a dry sand/rubber wheel test standard. Using procedure A of ASTM G65, pauses were done every 5 min for volumetric loss measurement. In parallel, the coating cross section was metallographically prepared and evaluated via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-x-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX). Vickers microhardness profile was also measured, and its value reached 580 HV1. Worn surfaces were evaluated via SEM-EDX; however, this time the microscopy technique was used to characterize wear mechanisms. In the microhardness profile analysis, the average was much lower in the diluted region and the heat-affected zone. As to the tribological test results, volumetric loss increased in proportion to the test time. In the first setup, coating presented an average volumetric loss of 37% higher than the second setup. This result can be attributed to the dry sand/rubber wheel test direction. This work's outcome indicates that a coated component's lifetime may be improved when attention is given to coating orientation and component preferential mechanical wear direction.
The effect of behavioral rehearsal technique through group counseling for overcoming social anxiety of students
Authors: Saman Abdul , Bakhtiar Muhammad Ilham
Published: May 2020

This research examined the influence of group counseling using behavioral rehearsal techniques to overcome students’ social anxiety. This research used the quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design namely Matching-Only Design. The study involved 30 students for the control group and 30 students for the experimental group selected through purposive sampling.  Data were collected using a questionnaire that had been validated. They were then analyzed using normality testing, homogeneity, data nominality testing, gain score and hypothesis testing. The findings of this research indicated that group counseling through behavioral rehearsal techniques could overcome the problem of social anxiety experienced by students. In the pretest, the research showed that the social anxiety level of students in the experimental group was in the high category, and the control group was in the medium category. While the posttests of both experimental and control groups were in the very low category. Behavioral rehearsal techniques should be informational and practical in the development of knowledge, especially in dealing with the problems of social anxiety.
Short Sea Shipping and Innovations for lntermodal Container Logistics in Northeast Asia
Authors: Browning Jess , Lee Seung-Hee
Published: May 2020

The Incheon Region has numerous assets that fall within a Pentaport model.' These include the Incheon International Airport, the Port of Incheon, a coastal industrial park, free economic zones, a leisure port, and Songdo new town designed to be the future Silicon Valley of Korea. This paper looks at how Northeast Asia trade flows between China and Korea might be enhanced by application of the Pentaport model in making the Incheon region a North East Asian Hub. It looks also at their trade and logistics systems as well as their water borne commerce. It proposes an integrated transportation system for the Yellow Sea Region being beneficial to the economies of the Northeast Asia. It also stresses that innovative technologies for ships, terminals and cargo handling systems should be introduced to develop a competitive short sea shipping system in the region and cooperation among the regional countries will be essential to achieve the final goal. The potential of methods of container shipping is discussed as it might apply to short sea shipping in the Yellow Sea Region that could greatly facilitate Incheon's situation with respect to the broader region in application of the Pentaport model.
Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Container Ports
Authors: Watanabe Yutaka
Published: May 2020

This paper introduces a macro traffic flow model of carbon dioxide emissions from container ports. As long as both the throughput and the transshipment rate of the port are available, any port in the world can use it to estimate emissions. Initially, two Japanese container ports are used as reference points to derive the equivalent units of carbon dioxide per TEU for application to other ports. Then macro traffic flows within a container port are defined. Finally, carbon dioxide emissions from different container ports are estimated using the macro estimation procedure introduced in this paper. The results of trial estimations for selected ports among different countries highlight that the impacts of container ports on global warming are serious. This issue will be intensified if competition is increased by the larger container ports aspiring to be international mega hubs.
Changing Maritime Shipping Patterns between Asian Countries in the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Agreement and the United States: Is There a Role for Short Sea Shipping on the Korean Peninsula?
Authors: Bomba Michael S. , Harrison Robert
Published: May 2020

East Asia's emergence as the forthcoming center of global manufacturing is leading nations in the region to reconsider their current and future role in the world economy. For its part, the Republic of Korea is pursuing a strategy to transform the country into the business hub of Northeast Asia. A central aspect in this strategy is the development of a regional “Pentaport” in the city of lncheon, which will consist of five components: an airport, a seaport, a business port, a technoport, and a leisure port. Hopefully, the Port of lncheon will be able to specialize in moving both coastal cargoes and transshipment cargoes to and from China and Japan using Short Sea Shipping (SSS). The first section of this paper provides an analysis of recent trade patterns between the Asian countries of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) agreement and the United States, with an emphasis on the Republic of Korea. The second part of the paper discusses current intermodal coastal shipping practices in the United States along the Gulf of Mexico and offers suggestions to the developers of Korea s Pentaport initiative; based upon observations in the United States, to maximize the likelihood of their success.
Market-Motivated Value Systems and Reverse Logistics : An Evaluation Model for Third Party Reverse Logistics Providers
Authors: Ji Guojun
Published: May 2020

The feasibility and desirability of reverse logistics in market-motivated contexts are examined in China. Interactions between the major barriers, that hinder or prevent the application of reverse logistics in China are analyzed. Management’s key task is to diagnose barriers to the application of reverse logistics that could be crucial to the organization’s future survival. Simultaneity, a value delivery system exists to create value for customers and environments by supplying needed products and services. Value delivery systems are at the heart of every firm and, more than anything else, determine that, whether the firm survives in the marketplace or disappears into bankruptcy or takeover. The processes and model of market-motivated reverse logistics value delivery system are discussed, and the processes content and model are presented. Simultaneity, based on the advantage of the Third Party Reverse Logistics Providers (3PRLs) and Outsourced Service Providers, an integrated evaluation model is built to select 3PRLs by using the integrated decision-making methods. Reflecting the comprehensive information requirement, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and entropy approaches are applied to calculate the objective weights. A new kind of relative similarity degree is established by combining the Euclidean distance with the grey correlation degree. An example demonstrates the model’s efficiency.
Complaint management in closed-loop supply chain and performance evaluation by using exergoeconomics
Authors: Ji Guojun
Published: May 2020

Complaint service management, aimed at improving customer satisfaction, provides important content for incorporation into studying a closed-loop supply chain. An analysis of the relationship between two provides the basis for probing the role of complaint management (CM) in the closed-loop supply chain to help it perform more efficiently and effectively through the application of advanced technologies. This paper considers how CM can be computed combining computer communication and information technologies. This computing process involves collection, evaluation and disposal. Using computer telephone integration technology, an integrated multi-channel system is designed; complaint and production evaluated through an intelligent decision support system; and CM processing system established to implement corresponding disposal which reflects the utility of CM. This research on the process of incorporating CM into our studies has significance for computing business service in the future. Based on exergoeconomics theory, the closed-loop supply chain is discussed, and the metric about “system negative environment effect” is introduced to system performance in terms of energy expenditures; a case study illustrates the efficacy of the process
The effects of logistics competency on performance
Authors: Shang Kuo-Chung , Marlow Peter B.
Published: May 2020

Logistics and supply chain management has been elevated to a strategic level whereby firms can simultaneously achieve differentiation and low cost for sustained competitive advantage. Empirical studies have often concentrated on logistics management in developed Western countries, displaying a bias towards the USA. This study applies the competency approach to explore logistics in Taiwan. A survey of 1,200 manufacturing firms was undertaken in order to examine the relationships between logistics competency, logistics performance, and financial performance, using exploratory factor analysis and the structural equation modelling technique. Four logistics competencies, namely, integration and knowledge competency, customer focused logistics competency, measurement competency, and agility competency were identified. The research findings revealed that (1) logistics competency was significantly related to logistics performance but not significantly associated with financial performance, and (2) logistics performance was positively associated with financial performance. These findings also implied that logistics competency has an indirect effect on financial performance through logistics performance. This finding confirmed the “world-class” logistics competencies (i.e. positioning, integration, agility, and measurement) as identified by MSUGLRT (1995). In addition, it suggests that logistics competency in a huge geographic area such as America can have the same effect in a smaller geographic area such as Taiwan.
Outsourcing and performance of inbound logistics for the automobile industry
Authors: Heo Myoung-Kang , Kim Yong Jin , Kim Min-Sung
Published: May 2020

The studies focusing on inbound logistics in the automobile industry have been limited because of the relatively small portion of logistics cost. But now it is recognized as one of the critical factors for efficient execution of supply chain management (SCM). The survey of suppliers in the automobile industry conducted in this study indicated significant relationships among logistics performance, logistics outsourcing, and performance evaluation level. This research is three-fold. First, current status of part supplier's logistics was analyzed by interviews with inbound logistics providers and suppliers. Second, management type of logistics was analyzed. There were three kinds of logistics -two kinds of logistics outsourcing and direct control by the supplier. Each type of logistics management showed differences about performance. Third, logistics performance evaluation and its relation with the actual logistics performance were presented. Comparable performance evaluation factors were selected, and it is shown that they had a correlation with actual performance.
Explaining the different ownership structure in Korea and the U.S. trucking industries
Authors: Jang Wonchang , Shin Ilsoon
Published: May 2020

One of the distinctive features in Korea and the U.S. trucking industries is the huge difference in the share of owner-operators. While it is around 10~15 percent in the U.S., 80~90% of drivers operate their own truck in Korea. Different from historical explanations of previous researches, this paper deals with this feature theoretically. We examine what brings the difference in asset ownership structures between the Korean and the U.S. trucking industries. Using an analytic framework, we investigate the determinants of truck ownership and the changes in ownership patterns. The model introduces several parameters related to productivities of drivers’ efforts and contractibility to affect drivers’ decision, and values of these parameters in both countries are discussed qualitatively and found to be consistent with the aforementioned characteristics.
Do domestic firms benefit from FDI?: evidence from Korean manufacturing industries
Authors: Kim Tae Seung , Ha Hun-Koo , Lee Jin Kook
Published: May 2020

FDI is considered to be a meaningful component for the economic growth of a country. But, it has not been proven clear that the effect of FDI is really beneficial in a host country regardless of the state of the countries. This paper tries to provide an evidence of the effect of FDI in developing country. To do this, we relate industry level value-added to inward and outward FDI stocks in Korea in a production function framework. Especially we divide inward FDI into FDI on the Greenfield projects and FDI for M&A. The results show that the effect of inward FDI as a whole on productivity is not statistically significant, though we can presume that the direction is positive, whereas the effect of outward FDI is strongly negative, and is statistically significant. But the effects of inward FDI by the characteristics of FDI are not differentiated.
A general equilibrium model of trilateral trade with oil duopoly
Authors: Park Koo Woong
Published: May 2020

I study the economic implications of the world oil market dominated by OPEC and non-OPEC major oil producing countries using a general equilibrium model of trilateral trade with oil duopoly. There are three countries and three goods, x, y, and oil (z). Home (H) is endowed with good x . Foreign (F) is endowed with good y and also produces oil (z). Middle (M) is an oil producing country and supplies oil only. I consider two types of oil market structure; (1) Cournot duopoly and (2) perfect competition. I find that Foreign is actually worse off under Cournot duopoly despite being a duopolist for wide range of parameter values that reflect real world situations. This is mainly due to reduced consumption of oil and reduced value of good y endowment under duopoly when Foreign is a net oil exporter or oil autarky, and is also due to worsening terms-of-trade effect under duopoly when Foreign is a net oil importer. Welfare reversal with higher welfare of Foreign under oil duopoly occurs only under highly unrealistic parameter values, and hence the main results of the study remain robust.
Rivalry between low cost carriers and major carriers: the case in Korean aviation industry
Authors: Lee Jin-Kook , Kim Tae Seung
Published: May 2020

As the wave of liberalization and deregulation have accelerated to relieve rigid controls over airline routes, capacity, and fare setting regimes, Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) have emerged especially in local aviation markets since the 1970s.

This paper has studied the effects of LCC's entry into the domestic aviation market which was pre-occupied by two major carriers, Korean Air (KAL) and Asiana Airlines. Through a simple model describing two situations, prior and post to LCC's entry, we analyzed changes and trends of each airline's output and profit based on the Cournot and two-stage Stackelberg game equilibrium.

In summary, our conclusion consists of five points: (1) Even though JIN Air's entry reduced KAL's respective output and profit, the more JIN Air produces, the higher the joint-profit of KAL and JIN Air is, (2) From the joint-profit aspect, increasing KAL's output to a level than JIN Air's is more profitable on the Gimpo-Jeju route, on the other hand, increasing JIN Air's output higher than KAL's is more profitable on the Jeju-Busan route, (3) Even though JIN Air's entry increase Asiana Airline's output, the more JIN Air produces, the less Asiana Airlines's profit is, (4) Total output in markets as well as total profits of firms will increase under certain conditions, (5) KAL and JIN Air tend to get caught in an unresolved conflict on level of LCC cost.
Globalization in Busan and beyond: solving problems in international trade, transport and tourism through applied social science
Authors: Shannon Richard W.
Published: May 2020

Busan (Pusan), Korea’s second largest city (population 3.6 million) and fifth busiest port in the world, is experiencing rapidly increasing trade, global connections, events, and resulting infrastructural projects. What should Busan do to better handle the social, political, and economic complexities brought by these changes?

To answer this question, this paper explores the relationship of globalization and culture, as treated by cultural anthropology. It also considers how the tools of applied social science and anthropology can be mobilized to help Busan and the southeast region of Korea deal with these challenges.

After introducing anthropological treatments of culture, globalization and global problems, I discuss how applied social science/anthropology is used in international business/trade, tourism, and transport/logistics, especially the third area. To show how applied social science can help transportation and logistics projects in Busan and Korea, I present lessons from case studies and examples in Denver, Colorado Springs, Chuuk (Truk, South Pacific), and Korea.

Applied social science and applied anthropology present a wealth of helpful methods and insights to help Busan and Korea improve planning, public participation, political, social and environmental issues in transport and logistics projects, and to help prevent ethical and budgetary lapses. Finally, I offer suggestions for initial training programs and future studies to help expedite these goals.
Comparative Analysis of Competitiveness of Logistics Companies in Korea, Japan and China
Authors: Lee JunYeop , Lee Myunghun
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the comparative corporate performance of logistics companies in Korea, China and Japan. Based on the annual data from the listed companies, the growth rate of Chinese companies has surpassed that of Korean and Japanese companies and has labeled China as the fastest growing economy. How ever, labor efficiency of Chinese firms when calculated by total revenue per employee is the lowest of the three countries. In addition, the profitability of Chinese multimodal logistics companies and sea transport companies is also lower than that of Korea and Japan.

Using Data Envelop Analysis(DEA), the primary results regarding corporate efficiency among Korean, Chinese and Japanese logistic companies are as follows: In the multimodal industries, Japanese firms have revealed the highest level of efficiency, with Korean firms coming in second, and Chinese firms ranking third with distinctly inferior performance. This trend has also been examined in the maritime industries, in which the efficiency levels have been deteriorating continuously. However, in the air transportation industry Chinese companies revealed the highest level of efficiency, which resulted from the business characteristics of the government supported conglomerate companies.
Research Analysis Regarding the Competiveness of China’s Automobile Industry Clusters-Focusing on the clusters in China’s northeastern region
Authors: Kim Hyung-Geun
Published: May 2020

China is currently developing and promoting an industrial cluster policy at the government level. By enacting the ‘Opinion on promoting industrial cluster development’, China is supporting the development of industrial clusters. Building an industrial cluster is done by using a single factor but requires many additional factors like regional characteristics, competitiveness factors are also diversified. To evaluate the competitiveness of the Chinese automobile industry cluster, a competitiveness element index should be developed and a competitiveness evaluation method is needed to evaluate the importance of each element. To accomplish this objective, this research applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and focused on the importance of the competitiveness elements.

This research investigated the character is tics regarding cases of clusters and also analyzed the competitiveness of the Changchun automobile cluster located in northeastern China. The purpose of this research is to help Korean enterprises who enter China in the hopes that Korea will emerge as a top automobile production country.
An Air Container Loading Planning Model: DHL and Air Hong Kong Case
Authors: Kim Hwa-Joong , Seo Sang-Won , Park Minyoung , Han Jae Joon
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a case study on the problem of loading air containers in air express carriers motivated from DHL and Air Hong Kong. The problem is to determine the containers to be loaded and the locations of the loaded containers in an aircraft while maintaining stability of the aircraft. The objective of the problem is to maximize the revenue obtained from delivering containers. We present an integer programming model to represent and optimally solve the problem. Computational experiments done on a number of randomly generated test instances show that the integer program can be a viable tool for generating loading plans in the companies since optimal or near-optimal solutions for the test instances are obtained within a reasonable amount of computation time.
Dynamic Patterns in Vietnam’s Comparative Advantage
Authors: Doanh Nguyen K. , Heo Yoon
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates the dynamic patterns of Vietnam’s comparative advantage in the context of ASEAN. Using the Galtonian regression method and the Markov transition probability matrices for data from 1997 to 2008, we find the following: Firstly, commodity groups with a weak comparative advantage improved their competitiveness, whereas those groups with a strong comparative advantage saw it decline, indicating a convergence of their comparative advantages. Secondly, in terms of intra-distribution dynamics, industries with no initial comparative advantage (Class a) and those with a strong initial comparative advantage (Class d) showed a high degree of persistence, suggesting a low degree of mobility in the trade patterns for Classes a and d. Thirdly, mineral resource-intensive products showed a high degree of export specialization, whereas other product categories showed a high degree of export diversification. Fourthly, all commodity groups showed a downward trend in the degree of specialization. Finally, Vietnam’s exports were dominated by unskilled labor-intensive products and agricultural resource-intensive products, reflecting the validity of Heckscher-Ohlin model. As a result of the country’s trade liberalization, the patterns of Vietnam’s comparative advantage have come to reflect its factor endowment. These results suggest that Vietnam could better diversify its export structures and shift to exports based on human capital and technology by further liberalizing its trade policies, fostering human capital formation, and facilitating the transfer of technology.
Social efficiency benchmarking of transport infrastructure with non-radial approach: focusing on airports
Authors: Ha Hun-Koo , Jeon Young-In , Min Kyung-Chang
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to show current position of domestic airports and provide an improvement scheme through the comparative analysis of efficiency and social efficiency. We used SBM (Slack Based Measure) for efficiency and undesirable output model that is extended from SBM for social efficiency. In addition, window analysis is used for analyzing the trend of the values. For the scope of this study, we analyzed fourteen airports in Korea from 2004 to 2009. In the models, we considered the length of runway, the number of employees and terminal area as input factors, and the number of passengers, the amount of cargo and the number of flights as desirable outputs and directly controllable CO2 emissions from airports as undesirable output. The results show that all of the efficiencies are higher than the social efficiencies and both of them are decreasing by years. To improve social efficiency in 2009, the average amounts of reduced CO2 emissions which account for 48.3% of the total emissions are required.
A Critical Review on Regional Integration Processes in East Asia
Authors: Lee Min Ha , Cheong Inkyo
Published: May 2020

The major economies of East Asia, namely Japan and the Four Asian Tigers, have always prioritized the WTO-led multilateral trade liberalization over other trade arrangements primarily due to their unique economic structure with a high dependency on the world’s major markets such as the US. Along the same line, even the huge blow from the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 only managed to trigger a few initiatives to aide East Asian regional integration while being led by different centering bodies, APEC and ASEAN. These dispersed efforts naturally resulted in no realistically significant achievements in the light of ‘integration’ until the present day. Under these circumstances, East Asia now faces a second opportunity to achieve its economic independence from the extra-regional influences via regionalization: the 2009 Global Credit Crunch. This paper hereupon critically reviews the actual progress and the likely impacts of the current global recession on the East Asian region.
Efficient Train Operation for Sustainable Freight Transportation: Optimizing Frequency with Fleet Size Constraints
Authors: Kim Dong-Kyu , Park Minyoung
Published: May 2020

Sustainable transport has become a new paradigm offering efficient, equitable, and pro-environment transport services. Many intermodal freight systems, especially those for port-to-rail networks, consist of multiple routes starting from and ending at the same port in order to exploit economies of scale. It is of interest to railway operators, therefore, to improve the efficiency of the system by finding the optimal fleet size (the number of cars assigned to a route) and frequency for each route. This paper proposes a model which determines the optimal frequency of each route under the total fleet size constraint for the one-to-many distribution. Trains carry items from one port to their destinations on their predetermined routes. This paper focuses on situations in which items from one port are transported to many destinations via railroads. The tradeoffs between transportation and inventory costs determine optimal frequency under the total fleet size and capacity constraints. The optimal frequency and fleet size of each route are calculated and then updated at the end of each step of the model. The model that we have developed in this paper is validated by port-to-rail freight data from actual shipments in Korea. The results of the analysis show that the proposed model can provide a more reliable and realistic representation of the real one-to-many distribution than the other alternatives which are commonly used. This study not only forms the theoretical basis of an effective and rational freight operation, but it also contributes to the assessment of the existing and planned logistics systems.
Korea-ASEAN Trade Flows and the Role of AFTA: Sector-Specific Evidence of Trade Diversion
Authors: Heo Yoon , Kien Tran N.
Published: May 2020

This article examines the impact of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) on Korean exports to ASEAN countries by using the system generalized method of moments. The data covered 15 sectors according to their relative importance in Korean exports and spanned from 1980 to 2006. The estimated results suggest that Korea’s exports were diverted to ASEAN members as a result of the AFTA formation. In 5 of the 15 sectors, the AFTA exerted a significant negative effect on Korean exports to ASEAN countries, but for the remaining 9, the results were mixed and statistically insignificant. The results also indicate that the sectoral approach yields more robust and clear-cut results than the aggregate one.
The TPP and East Asian Economic Integration: From the Japan–China–ROK perspective
Authors: Nakajima Tomoyoshi
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the influence Japan’s participation in the TPP negotiations will have on the course of subsequent East Asian economic integration, and mainly from the perspective of the three Northeast Asian countries of Japan, China and the ROK. In the first half, as a premise thereto, we first bring together the development of the FTA policies of China, the ROK and Japan, and then the connections with East Asian economic integration.
Performance assessment for liner shipping industry: a multi-attribute analysis by the balanced scorecard (BSC)
Authors: Gao Zi-Yi , Duru Okan , Bulut Emrah , Yoshida Shigeru
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates the performance assessment of liner shipping industry and presents a multi-dimensional evaluation framework to ensure both financial and non-financial monitoring. The traditional performance assessment approach is based on the financial indicators such as ratio analysis, but it is limited to the fiscal perspective. The meaning of performance has dramatically changed and non-financial (and intangible) assets increased their importance in recent years. Under these circumstances, the multi-attribute performance assessment methods play a critical role to combine many aspects of the business. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is originally developed for the multi-attribute performance assessment and its philosophy on business process evaluation pioneered the importance of key performance indicators and the quality management issues including the internal customer. Service quality and the business performance assessment are some of the hot issues in the liner shipping industry and the long term competitiveness is a critical concern in the recent liner shipping business. The BSC method is utilized to ensure a cumulative analysis of the short/long and tangible/intangible indicators of performance and computes the weight of each criterion by using Fuzzy-AHP method in the liner shipping industry.
Competitive Action and Response in Global Marketplace: The Drivers and Consequences
Authors: Lee Eon-Seong
Published: May 2020

This study aims to develop a competitive dynamics model of container shipping liners, one which examines how inter-firm network embeddedness would affect inter-firm rivalry such as the likelihood of a competitive action of a focal firm and the likelihood of its rivals’ response and how the inter-firm rivalry then has an influence on the market share of the focal firm. Structural and relational network embeddedness between a focal firm and its competitors would be investigated as drivers of the likelihood of the competitive action and response. The theoretical framework on the relationship between network embeddedness, inter-firm rivalry and market share in the liner shipping industry will be developed and relevant propositions are then suggested in relation to the model. This attempt may provide meaningful insights for managers and academic researchers into the key factors which affect the inter-firm rivalry between shipping liners and may also detail the impact of inter-firm rivalry on the focal firm’s market share. This research would therefore contribute to the development of the competitive strategy of container shipping companies so as to help them strategically manage their rivals’ competitive behaviors and maximize their market share.
China's Nonferrous Metals Industry and Implications for Korea-China FTA Negotiations
Authors: Ko Jung-O , Cho Jung-ran
Published: May 2020

Korea and China have promoted a bilateral FTA since 2005 to upgrade their economic relationships. If the Korea-China FTA is concluded, then trade between the two countries is likely to involve substantial changes both quantitatively and qualitatively. Offer lists submitted by Korea include steel, petrochemicals and machinery and those by China include some agricultural and marine products as well as nonferrous metals. Korea's interest in the Korea-China FTA has focused mainly on damage to the agricultural sector and there have been a lot of studies on the effects of the FTA on Korean agricultural sector. However, little is known about why China includes the nonferrous metals industry for early voluntary liberalization and its implications for the domestic economy. Nonferrous metals industry is one of China’s national strategic sectors and has a large supply excess in the country. This study targets the survey of Chinese nonferrous metals industry and trade structure and considers the problem of nonferrous metals in the context of negotiations for the Korea-China FTA and its implications for a higher-quality Korea-China FTA.
Effectiveness of knowledge-based multinational management on global supply chain excellence
Authors: Lee Sang-Yoon , Kim Young-Ki , Kim Seong-Tae
Published: May 2020

In current business management, knowledge is considered to be a strategic resource that can strengthen an organization’s competitiveness. Today, under the process of continuous globalization, almost all companies are rapidly exposed to global competition regardless of their scale or type of business. However, multinational management is very complicated and uncertain and it is hard for multinationals to effectively coordinate and manage their global value chains. In light of this, the utility of multinational management based on knowledge is increased. The present study examines multinational firms’ knowledge management systems, knowledge creation processes and global supply chain performance and attempts to reveal any significant linkages between these latent variables. For this research interest, we proposed 18 items to measure four types of knowledge creation processes (SECI) designed by Nonaka (1994) and revised by authors considering the global business environment, in particular involving the global supply chain management concept. Utilizing the confirmed SECI model, 128 sample companies were classified into four groups according to the levels of their knowledge creation processes. The empirical results of this study reveal important linkages between a multinational firm’s knowledge management system and knowledge creation process, as well as between its knowledge creation process and global supply chain management performance. In particular, the current work suggests that the creation and conversion of tacit knowledge as well as explicit knowledge can be effectively supported by information and communication technology.