bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic CPT1A Facilitates Liver-Adipose Cross-Talk via Induction of FGF21 in Mice
Authors: Sun Wei , Nie Tao , Li Kuai , Wu Wenjie , Long Qiaoyun , Feng Tianshi , Mao Liufeng , Gao Yuan , Liu Qing , Gao Xuefei , Ye Dewei , Yan Kaixuan , Gu Ping , Xu Yong , Zhao Xuemei , Chen Kang , Loomes Kerry Martin , Lin Shaoqiang , Wu Donghai , Hui Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Background & Aims

Hepatosteatosis, defined as excessive intrahepatic lipid accumulation,
represents the first step of NAFLD. When combined with additional cellular
stress, this benign status progresses to local and systemic pathological
conditions such as NASH and
insulin resistance. However, the molecular events directly caused by hepatic lipid build-up, in
terms of its impact on liver biology and other peripheral organs, remain
unclear. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the rate limiting enzyme
for long chain fatty acid beta-oxidation in the liver.
Here we utilise hepatocyte-specific Cpt1a
knockout (LKO) mice to investigate the physiological consequences of abolishing
hepatic long chain fatty acid metabolism.

Approach &
Results

Compared to the wild-type (WT) littermates, high fat diet (HFD)-fed LKO mice displayed more severe hepatosteatosis but were
otherwise protected against diet-induced
weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic ER stress, inflammation and damage.
Interestingly, increased energy expenditure was observed in LKO mice, accompanied
by enhanced adipose tissue browning. RNAseq analysis
revealed that the peroxisome proliferator activator alpha (PPARα)- fibroblast
growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis was activated in liver of LKO mice. Importantly,
antibody-mediated neutralization of FGF21 abolished the
healthier metabolic phenotype and adipose browning in LKO
mice, indicating that the elevation of FGF21 contributes to the
improved liver pathology and adipose browning in HFD-treated LKO mice.

Conclusions

Liver with deficient CPT1A
expression adopts a healthy steatotic status that protects against HFD-evoked liver damage and potentiates adipose browning in an FGF21-dependent manner. Inhibition of hepatic CPT1A may serve as a viable strategy for the treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Autoimmune Disease: Background and Current Status, Update Overview of Biotechnological and Biomedical Fields and Future Trends for 3D Models
Authors: Capuzzo Arnaud Martino
Published: October 2021

Hashimoto thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune illness in which thyroid cells are damaged by immunological mechanisms involving cells and antibodies. Thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the serum are biochemical indicators of the condition, with females having a higher incidence than males and increasing with age. It’s the leading cause of hypothyroidism in affluent countries. Inadequate dietary iodine intake, on the other hand, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. The development of antithyroid antibodies that target the thyroid tissue, causing gradual fibrosis, is the pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. The diagnosis can be difficult, and as a result, the problem is frequently not detected until late in the disease process. The most prevalent laboratory findings are raised TSH and low thyroxine (T4) levels, as well as enhanced antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Hashimoto thyroiditis are discussed in this article.
Antitumor effect of radiation therapy on orthotopic PDX models of human esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kiblitskaya AA , Goncharova AS , Anisimov AE , Snezhko AV , Dimitriadi SN , Maslov AA , Gevorkyan YA , Kolesnikov EN
Published: October 2021

As a rule, esophageal adenocarcinoma develops in the lower esophagus. Life expectancy and survival rates depend on the cancer stage and the general health of the patient. Chemoradiotherapy is the most successful treatment approach to this type of cancer. The choice of optimal radiation doses for achieving the best possible therapeutic effect is still a challenge. The aim of this paper was to study effective radiation doses and assess response of human esophageal adenocarcinoma to radiation using a PDX model. The study was conducted in female Balb/c nude mice (n = 25). Fragments of the donor tumor were implanted into the cervical esophagus of immunodeficient mice. Effects of radiation on the obtained orthotopic xenografts were studied after each of 3 irradiation sessions (4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy in each of the experimental groups, respectively). First-passage xenografts reproduced the morphology of the donor tumor. The mean tumor volume differed significantly between the control group and the experimental groups exposed to 6, 8 or 10 Gy (р ≤ 0.01) after each irradiation session. Tumor growth delay was significant after exposure to the total dose of 18 Gy. The further radiation dose increase was ineffective. The reduction of tumor volume in the xenografts was correlated to the increase in the one-time radiation dose. The total dose over 18 Gy produced a detrimental effect on the hematopoietic system and blood biochemistry of the experimental mice.
Evidencias de validez de la Escala de Procesamiento Crítico de las Imágenes de Belleza en el contexto argentino
Authors: Matrángolo Gisela , Yaccarini Cecilia , Olivera Mercedes , Simkin Hugo
Published: October 2021

El rol de los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales en la construcción de imágenes idealizadas del cuerpo de la mujer representa una importante área de la investigación actual. Contar con medidas válidas y confiables que permitan profundizar en el conocimiento resulta de amplia relevancia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aportar evidencias de validez y confiabilidad que respalden el uso de la Escala de Procesamiento Crítico de las Imágenes de Belleza en una muestra no probabilística incidental compuesta por estudiantes universitarios (N=203). Los resultados sugieren propiedades psicométricas aceptables y el análisis factorial confirmatorio permitió observar un buen ajuste al modelo trifactorial sugerido por sus autores. A partir de ello, se sugiere el uso de la escala para investigaciones en muestras mixtas, tanto de mujeres como de varones, esperando que estudios en poblaciones diferentes ofrezcan mayor apoyo empírico al constructo.
TEACHING RESULTS IMPROVEMENT AND RESEARCH WORK STIMULATION VIA GROUP INVESTIGATION METHOD
Authors: Hohannisyan A.
Published: October 2021

The article represents the usefulness and peculiarities of one of the collaborative methods, group investigation method in postgraduate educational programme. The base of the given investigation is to demonstrate the results of the above mentioned method practiced in ASPU. The application of the method has got two main goals: to help the students gain much knowledge in a short time limit via individual research work and develop their research work skills and abilities. The article reveals the main characteristic features of group investigation method, as well as its realization steps and their interpretation.
MODERN MANAGMENT THEORIES AND PRACTICES
Authors: YASIN OLUM
Published: October 2021

Management is one of the most important aspects of human activity. Since the person began to establish social ties to achieve goals and objectives that he could not achieve as an individual, management has become an integral part of coordinating individual efforts. As society constantly relies on group efforts, and organized groups become larger, the work of managers becomes more and more important and complex. For this reason, management theory has become key in the management of complex enterprises.
ON SOME PROBLEMS OF GENERAL RATING SYSTEM CREATION AND INTRODUCTION IN THE RA SCHOOLS
Authors: HARUTYUNYAN KARINE , DAVTYAN NUNE
Published: October 2021

The article represents the problems of development and implementation of educational institution ranking, which is very popular in many countries around the world, as well as the basis of the school rating principles, the types of school rating, the tasks of rating, the main stages of the development and implementation of rating educational institutions. The aims and objectives of rating schools in the Republic of Armenia are represented in the article.
Homo Economicus in the Shortage Economy
Authors: Lipovská Hana , Coufalová Lucie , Žídek Libor
Published: October 2021

Rational agents react to incentives in the market economy as well as in the centrally planned economy. Economic laws are persistent regardless of the economic system. The legislative system changes the outcome of the game between economic agents and managers. The aim of this paper is to show how rational agents reacted to legislative incentives in the Soviet-type economy in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s, that is, how they reacted to the general shortage in the centrally planned economy. Based on the original survey among former managers as well as on the legislative sources from the 1970s and 1980s, a taxonomy was made of economic reactions to the shortage economy. This survey was possibly the last chance to map the experiences of socialist managers who tried to run companies in the centrally planned economy. We distinguish plan manipulation in order to ensure payment bonuses; bribery in order to obtain short-supplied inputs and the creation of reserves for the purpose of fulfilling the plan. It was shown that, if the rational agent wanted to obey the higher law, he was forced to ignore lower legislation.
Relationship between the Financial Indicators and the Implementation of Telework
Authors: Vlčková Miroslava , Frantíková Zuzana , Vrchota Jaroslav
Published: October 2021

In most European countries, teleworking or homeworking is used in various forms that differ from one another by its legal regulation. The paper examines the SME’s in the Czech Republic from the perspective what makes them to adopt telework using the financial indicators. We hypothesized that employer adoption of telework would depend on some economic factors. The empirical evidence showed that a typical company that uses telework is a company with higher ratio of liabilities and therefore lower ratio of equity, a lower ratio of fixed assets, higher sales, lower inventory, higher labour productivity and higher value added per employee, higher return on equity, higher personnel costs, higher average wages. Within the analysed enterprises, 16 indicators were assessed; the 9 indicators showed the difference between companies that use telework and companies that do not use telework. The research shows a typical company that uses telework.
Application of the Institute of Income Redistribution in the Form of Social Transfers in EU Countries
Authors: Antošová Irena , Stávková Jana
Published: October 2021

The reduction in the number of households living at risk of poverty is a common objective of EU countries but the social policy of each member state is different. This paper provides an overview of components of social transfers and their share in total household incomes in EU countries. The aim of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of the social systems of each on the basis of the number of households at risk of poverty determined before and after the payment of social benefits. Four segments of EU countries were identified in cluster analysis according to their approach to social transfer settings using primary data from EU-SILC survey. The combination of high share of social benefits and low share of old age pensions proves to be better in the fight against poverty. The relationship between an economic performance and a functioning social policy system appears in EU countries.
The Centre of Government as the Coordination Point for the Implementation of General Legal Rules
Authors: Pečarič Mirko
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to establish a degree of existence of Hayek’s idea of governmental assembly in the Centre of Government (CoG), which is not only the technical, administrative support for the Prime Minister but has also a regulatory-coordinative, policy role. This paper’s focus is on CoG that is along with the classical tasks of the Prime Minister’s cabinet dedicated to systemic performance. Having this in mind a request was sent by the National Council of the Republic of Slovenia to other parliaments of the EU member states and Switzerland through the ECPRD net to gain information on the effectiveness of national CoGs and/or Prime Minister’s cabinetsvis-à-vistheir systemic arrangement. Results show the presence of effectiveness, efficiency, economy, and ethics of legislation in countries, but they are not systemic in the eyes of system theory. Countries need to strengthen the inter-agency collaboration, systemic assessment of the effectiveness of general decisions in the real-time dimension, they need to check the relevancy of agency’s reasons for a draft bill, there could be some performance indicators and possibilities to measure citizen satisfaction.
Husserl, Psicologia Fenomenológica e Psicoterapia Existencial
Authors: Sousa Daniel
Published: October 2021

The present paper intended to present a proposal for division of phenomenological psychology in two separate areas but interconnected with each other, based respectively on a static and genetic phenomenology. The former is more appropriate for a research field of human psychology, based on the concept of intentionality is presented as an eidetic psychology that can be applied to different subjects of study of psychological research and have as a research field on major issues of psychology, as perception, memory, language, imagination. Phenomenological Psychology II, based on a genetic phenomenology is applied on the psychotherapeutic space because its object of inquiry is a self that has a story based on sedimentations generated in part by passive syntheses that operate at a pre-reflexive level. The genetic analysis is a phenomenological investigation of inter-subjective facticity in a therapeutic context.
Self-reported sexually transmitted infections and healthcare in Slovenia: Findings from the second national survey of sexual lifestyles, attitudes and health, 2016-2017
Authors: Klavs Irena , Berlot Lina , Milavec Maja , Kustec Tanja , Grgič-Vitek Marta , Lavtar Darja , Zaletel Metka
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Objectives were to estimate the lifetime prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and describe STIs healthcare.

Methods

Data was collected in the period 2016-2017 from a probability sample of the general population, 18-49 years old, at respondents’ homes by a combination of face-to-face interviews and self-administration of more sensitive questions. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used to account for stratification, clustered sampling, and weighting.

Results

Approximately every tenth sexually experienced individual reported to have had genitourinary symptoms suggestive of STIs, but only a minority of them reported to have had those respective STIs diagnosed. The proportion of sexually experienced individuals that reported to have ever been diagnosed with an STI (excluding trichomoniasis, pubic lice for men and women, and pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis for women) was 2.4% for men and 6.7% for women (p<0.001). Independent risk factors associated with self-reported STIs in women included at least 10 lifetime sexual partners and having been forced into sex. The majority of the last STI episodes in women were treated by gynaecologists accessible at the primary healthcare level and in men by a dermatovenerologist, after referral by a general practitioner. Approximately half of STI patients were counselled for safer sex and majority reported to have notified their sexual contacts.

Conclusions

Our estimates for lifetime prevalence of self-reported STIs in a probability sample of Slovenian sexually experienced men and women, 18-49 years old, indicate a substantial national burden of STIs. The results will inform national STI prevention and control policies and strategies.
A questionnaire for rating health-related quality of life
Authors: Janković Slobodan M. , Bogavac-Stanojević Nataša , Mikulić Iva , Izetbegović Sebija , Iličković Ivana , Krajnović Dušanka , Suljic Mehmedika Enra , Gojak Refet , Mehičević Admir , Gazibera Belma , Mahmutbegović Nevena , Stojadinović Milorad , Janković Nikola , Miljković Sanja K. , Popović Slađana , Blidarević Bojan , Mugoša Snežana , Đorđević Zorana
Published: October 2021

Background

Translations of instruments for measuring quality of life developed in certain, mostly more developed, parts of the world usually do not cover regionally specific aspects of health-related quality of life, even after transcultural validation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable questionnaire in Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin languages suitable for measuring health-related quality of life in adults.

Methods

The study was of a cross-sectional type, assessing the reliability and validity of a newly developed questionnaire for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults residing in western Balkan states (WB-HRQoL). It was conducted on a sample of 489 adults from Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Montenegro, with a mean age of 52.2±14.4 years and a male/female ratio of 195/294 (39.9%/60.1%).

Result

The definitive version of the WB-HRQoL scale with 19 items showed very good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha 0.905. The scale was temporally stable, and satisfactory results were obtained for divergent and convergent validity tests. Exploratory factorial analysis brought to the surface four domains of health-related quality of life, namely the physical, psychical, social, and environmental.

Conclusion

The WB-HRQoL scale is a reliable and valid generic instrument for measuring HRQoL that takes into account the cultural specifics of the western Balkan region.
IMPLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG CIPTA KERJA BAGI KEMAJUAN INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA (Implication of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation for the Advancement of Indonesian Defence Industry)
Authors: Sumigar Bernhard Ruben Fritz
Published: October 2021

The superiority of a country in defending its sovereignty and territorial integrity can no longer be directly measured by the amount of military infrastructure it has, however it should also be viewed from the aspect of a country’s ability to build a domestic defence industry that can be useful for meeting national and other countries’ needs. As an effort to develop the defence industry ecosystem in Indonesia, in 2020 the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian House of Representatives enacted Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (Job Creation Law), one of which regulates the opening of opportunities for the private sector to participate in the development of defence industry sector, thereby automatically changing previous arrangement in Law No. 16 of 2012 on Defence Industry. In this article, the author considers that the changes in the Job Creation Law provisions can bring four advantages to the improvement of the Indonesian defence industry in the future.
Atopic dermatitis in a 2-year-old child treated with individualised homoeopathic medicine: A case report
Authors: Mandal Sanjukta , Biswas Bikash , Abbas Jahir
Published: October 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing pruritic skin condition which is accompanied by inflammation of the affected parts. It usually develops during early childhood and has a predilection for the skin flexures. Approximately 70% of cases start before the age of 5 years: Only 10% begin in adulthood. Asthma and allergic rhinitis are comorbid in most cases. This is a case report of a 2-year-old child who presented with reddish elevated papular eruptions on the skin with severe itching. After thorough case taking and examination, the diagnosis was AD, based on the Hanifin and Rajka criteria. The patient underwent individualised homoeopathic treatment. In subsequent follow-ups, the patient’s improvement was monitored using the PO-SCORAD scale and the subjective symptoms. Marked improvement was noted within a few months. Homoeopathic treatment is effective in these cases to yield rapid improvement without any adverse effects.
Efficacy of homoeopathic medicinesZincum metallicum6CH andZincum metallicum12CH on growth ofAbelmoschus esculentusL. (Bhindi) in a natural environment: A placebo-controlled study
Authors: Jain Sangeeta , Kumawat Rajesh Kumar , Gupta Mratyunjay Rajkumar
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Homoeopathic dilutions are used to increase active principles in medicinal plants, detoxify plants, increase plant growth rate and fruit production, improve plant metabolism and control diseases. This controlled experimental prospective study was conducted to evaluate the effect of homoeopathic medicinesZincum metallicum6CH andZ. metallicum12CH on plant growth ofAbelmoschus esculentusL. in a natural environment. This study helps assess and establish the role of homoeopathy in propagating plant growth.

Materials and Methods:

A. esculentusseeds were cultivated in a designated area of the Homoeopathy University campus. Among these, 30 receivedZincum6CH (20 drops in 1 litre water), while 30 receivedZincum12CH (20 drops in 1 L water) and 30 received normal water. After 60 days, the entire plant was measured for height, pod length and productivity.

Results:

After 60 days, the number of fruits (plant productivity) in the groups receivingZincum6CH and 12CH was 335 and 267, respectively; in the group receiving normal water, the number of fruits was 159. The heights of plants receivingZincum6CH (M = 48.4 cm, SD=2.65) and 12CH (M = 40.1 cm, SD=2.39) were comparatively more than in plants receiving normal water (M = 31.6 cm SD = 2.26). The length of pods in plants receivingZincum6CH (M=13.3 cm, SD = 0.96) and 12CH (M = 10.3 cm, SD = 0.97) was comparatively more than in plants receiving normal water (M = 8.9 cm SD = 0.62).

Conclusion:

The application of potentised homoeopathic medicinesZincum6CH and 12CH onA. esculentusdemonstrated a beneficial result, as observed through significant differences in plant productivity, mean plant height and mean pod length among the experimental and control groups.Zincum6CH showed more efficacy than 12CH in all aspects of growth.
A study of etiology, clinical profile and prognosis in patients with acute kidney injury
Authors:   Assistant Professor,Department of General Medicine, Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal., Reddy U Vivekananda
Published: October 2021

Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) refers to an abrupt and sustained decrease in renal function resulting in retention of nitrogenous (urea and creatinine) and non-nitrogenous waste products. AKI is common, harmful, treatable and largely preventable but there are very few studies available on this subject from India using various serum creatinine values.1 Hence we carried out this study to look into the varied etiology of AKI and their outcome using newer AKI definitions.Aim: To determine the cause, prognosis and outcome in patients of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) admitted in a tertiary care hospital Materials and Methods: A Hospital based Prospective study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Santhiram medical college and general hospital for a 1 year period. Universal Sampling Technique was used for selection of study subjects. All the patients coming to medicine department during the study period with age >18 years and Patients who fulfill AKIN criteria were taken for study after taking prior informed consent. Final sample size was 69 subjects of Acute Kidney Injury of varied etiology. Results: Mean of study subjects was 48.9 years (range from 19-87 years) with M: F ratio of 4.75:1. Most common etiology for AKI was Sepsis (14.5%) and Malaria infection (14.5%) followed by Dengue, AGI and Leptospirosis (11.6% each). Multi organ dysfunction (14.5%) was observed in patients of Sepsis and Lepto. Out of total patients, 46 (66.7% %) had stage II AKI, while 23 (33.3 %) had stage III AKI according to AKIN staging. A total of 11.6% patients were on dialysis. Two out of 23 patients of AKI stage III (8.7%) and one patient out of 46 (2.2%) belonging to AKI stage II died during the study. Conclusion: AKI was observed at a relatively younger age in present study with male preponderance. Most common etiologies were Sepsis and Malaria. Most of the patient of Sepsis, MODS and Leptospirosis were having stage III AKI. Overall mortality observed was 4.34
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in Mexico: a web-based nationwide survey
Authors: Ramonfaur Diego , Hinojosa-González David Eugenio , Rodriguez-Gomez Gloria Paulina , Iruegas-Nuñez David Alejandro , Flores-Villalba Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Objective. To identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among the Mexican population.

Methods. In a web-based nationwide survey in early December 2020, respondents were inquired about their sociodemographic characteristics and their willingness to accept a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine given a 50% or 90% effectiveness. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with hesitancy and acceptance.

Results. A total 3 768 responses were analyzed. A 90% effective vaccine was accepted by 85% of respondents, while only 46% would accept being vaccinated with a 50% effective vaccine. In univariate analysis, each age group (40–49, 50–59, and ≥60) was strongly associated with vaccine hesitancy for a 90% effective vaccine (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.38, 0.63; OR 0.33, 95 CI 0.26, 0.41; and OR 0.28, 95 CI 0.21, 0.38, respectively) compared to the 18–39 age group. After multivariable adjustment, similar magnitudes of association were observed. Being female and higher socioeconomic status were also associated with higher vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions. Vaccine hesitancy represents a major public health problem in Mexico and is driven by multiple factors. Our study provides relevant insights for the development of effective policies and strategies to ensure widespread vaccination in Mexico.
Shy Times in 1850s Wellington: will the real architects please stand up?
Authors: Humphris Adrian , Mew Geoff
Published: October 2021

Wellington was in a period of transition in the 1850s. The first flurry of settlement was easing somewhat and trading was becoming established. However, the earthquakes of 1848 and 1855 shook not only buildings not designed to withstand them, but also the confidence of the immigrant population. People were quick to realise that timber flexed better than brick or cob, but, in the process, they lost several of the earliest buildings with any pretensions to architectural merit. Together with the shaky nature of the economy, and the fact that Auckland was the capital city, there was little incentive for men whose sole training was in architecture to attempt to practice full time.The paucity of architectural records from the 1850s further complicates accurate evaluation of the situation, but it is clear that many of the people designing buildings had multiple skills in several other fields besides architecture. Buildings definitely dated to the 1850s that remain in Wellington can be numbered on one hand and not one of them can be said to have been designed by an architect. The two men with the largest tallies of Wellington building designs in the 1850s also claimed skills in surveying and civil engineering, whereas the two (possibly three) trained architects that we know of seem to have obtained minimal work in their field and to have largely diversified into other occupations. A further five names are associated with Wellington architecture in some way during the 1850s, either with the design of single buildings or simply advertising their services in local newspapers - with no evidence they actually obtained any work. In this paper we look at the backgrounds of the major designers including the trained architects, their work and a few of the factors which caused most of them to seek alternative employment.
Ahuriri: "the dwelling place of the eel" and "a hopeless spot for a town": Napier in the 1850s
Authors: Marriage Guy
Published: October 2021

This paper looks at the early Pākehā settlers of Napier in the 1850s, and attempts to unravel what houses they had, where they were, and what styles they were built in. In the course of this investigation, an inevitable intersection with the pre-existing Māori iwi was unearthed and is also examined. It searches for the earliest existing housing remains in Hawkes Bay. So far, very little has been discovered remaining from the 1850s.
Becoming Urban: New Zealand towns in the 1850s
Authors: Schrader Ben
Published: October 2021

During the 1850s the first inland towns were founded at Greytown and Masterton. They signalled a new direction in Pākehā settlement, a movement from coastal edge port "cities" to secondary towns in the (North Island) interior. It was from these centres that colonisation proceeded apace. These new towns followed the pattern of New Zealand urbanism established in the 1840s: low-density development with houses and buildings scattered over a wide domain. Could they then really be called towns? Architecturally, the built environment of all towns might be best described as utilitarian and frontier-like. But the decade is notable for the first expressions of a grander, civic architecture, best shown in the construction of public buildings, some of which are examined here. Were these New Zealand's first urban buildings?
Gentlemen's residences in 1850s Christchurch: an examination of the home of Joseph Brittan and John Cracroft Wilson
Authors: Watson Katharine , Hill Ian
Published: October 2021

The Canterbury earthquakes have seen the demolitions of many buildings in Christchurch, including some of the city's earliest building stock. Linwood House was built for John Britten at around the same time as John Cracroft Wilson built Cracroft House. Although both men would have been members of the elite in the new settlement, the first houses they built are quite different. The houses were recorded by archaeologists prior to and during demolition, using the techniques of buildings archaeology. This paper discussesthe results of those investigations and considers the similarities and differences between the two houses in terms of both style and construction techniques.
Architectural Forensics: establishing a date for the construction of Pavitt Cottage, Robinson's Bay, Bank's Peninsula
Authors: Cottrell William
Published: October 2021

Many early New Zealand properties and indeed colonial-made artefacts often lack detailed documentation, provenance and in some cases, any known or relevant history. It is possible to establish new information by analysing the wide range of materials used to build even a modest cottage. Further, it is possible to establish a likely time-frame of construction by looking at improvements in the manufacturing of various imported components. Already known facts can be incorporated with newly-recovered information to provide a broader historic picture. As with archaeology, one object can be used comparatively to determine likely probabilities from other sites.Pavitt Cottage, at Robinson's Bay on Bank's Peninsula was built sometime between 1857 and 1862 with additions in 1865. Local records have been unable to provide a more accurate date. Within the last 15 years it has been "restored" with the potential loss of some useful evidence. This paper will illustrate how it is possible to glean new knowledge from the materials used to try to establish a precise date of construction.
Contextualising Service Learning for Vietnamese Higher Education
Authors:   , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Dung
Published: October 2021

The term ‘service learning’ has appeared on the horizon of Vietnamese higher education in the past few decades and is one among a wide range of pedagogical approaches that have been imported from the West. ‘Looking outward’ (Nguyen & Tran, 2017), especially to the West, is a legacy of long-lasting foreign domination that has shaped political and social changes in Viet Nam. Despite its Western roots, the service learning approach also appears to have accommodated Vietnamese ideological influences associated with creating a more capable workforce, fulfilling socialist responsibilities, and cultivating Confucian moral values. This form of experiential learning is expected to respond to the dreams of the nation by producing young graduates who possess the expertise and ethics to meet Ho Chi Minh’s socialist ideology ‘Vừa hồng, vừa chuyên’ (Both socialist-minded and professionally competent), who are better prepared for a modernised and globalised workforce. Driven by these ideologies, service learning has become increasingly popular in Vietnamese universities. Yet, despite the widespread adoption of the approach, the contextualisation of service learning is underexplored in academic research. This study aims to address the research gap by investigating the inception, challenges and opportunities, and implications for the growth and expansion of service learning in Vietnamese context.

 This multisite case study, which involved participants from four universities in Viet Nam, employed an interpretivist paradigm and Kuan-Hsing Chen’s (2010) Asia as Method as theoretical orientations. An interpretivist lens enabled an exploration of the subjective experiences of those who have been involved in service learning projects and the meanings they construct. Meanwhile, Asia as Method highlighted the specificity of the local context and offered a more radical edge to an interpretivist lens, particularly in terms of proposing changes to service learning in Vietnamese higher education. A reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019) of interview, document, and observation data revealed three distinguishing features of service learning in Vietnamese higher education: the importance of communities as a means for educational change, the challenges associated with navigating power relationships, and the significance of benevolence as moral value.

My findings suggested important implications for policy development and service learning practices in Vietnamese higher education. In order to bridge the gap in literature on service learning in a socialist, communist, and Southeast Asian developing country, a framework for institutionalising service learning in Viet Nam is proposed, together with a set of tactics to support practitioners to sustain their service learning initiatives. I envisage that the framework will serve as a reference point for service learning initiatives in universities in the wider Asian region, particularly those with a Confucian heritage, ex-colonised territories, and developing countries.
Percepções acerca da atividade exportadora: o caso das empresas do APL de utensílios domésticos em alumínio do Sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Melo Edson Santos , Beluzzo Tatiane , Marini Marcos Junior
Published: October 2021

O Arranjo Produtivo Local de Utensílios Domésticos em Alumínio do Sudoeste do Paraná é um dos mais tradicionais e importantes arranjos produtivos do estado. Desse modo, o presente estudo objetivou compreender, na visão dos empresários do referido APL, quais os desafios enfrentados para sua inserção no comércio exterior, considerando o ano de 2019 como período de análise. Como procedimento metodológico, adotou-se uma análise descritiva, associada a um levantamento de dados primários, sendo esse realizado por meio de um formulário estruturado, o qual foi aplicado em 24 empresas associadas ao referido APL. Os resultados demonstraram que 87,5% das empresas nunca exportaram. Mesmo entre as empresas que exportam, os resultados indicaram haver um desconhecimento dos benefícios advindos de tal atividade. Entretanto, a maioria dos participantes possuía percepção positiva com relação à exportação e, também, sobre as vantagens advindas por participarem do APL.
Os mercados institucionais e suas possibilidades para combate à pobreza rural e inclusão produtiva
Authors: Sousa Diego Neves de
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender como os mercados institucionais podem contribuir para o combate à pobreza rural e a inclusão produtiva de agricultores familiares. Entre os resultados, postula que a privação que existe nas unidades da agricultura familiar carece de uma injeção de políticas públicas para além da transferência de renda, pois também é pertinente o acesso as políticas que promovam a inclusão produtiva, como forma de elevar a renda e a segurança alimentar. Os mercados institucionais se destacam porque articulam ações cooperativas entre Estado, agricultores familiares e movimentos rurais na distribuição de alimentos para beneficiários consumidores em situação de vulnerabilidade social e de instituições sem fins lucrativos.
Processo decisório na agricultura familiar: o caso da Coopasvale, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Mello Lavínia Lopes de , Silva Luis Carlos Alves da , Fontoura Fernando Batista Bandeira da , Deponti Cidonea Machado , Silva Maicon da
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar os fatores que influenciam o processo de tomada de decisão na gestão dos agricultores associados da Coopasvale-RS. Neste sentido, o conteúdo agrega possibilidades significativas para o desenvolvimento regional à medida que a agricultura familiar possui papel importante na economia brasileira. Metodologicamente a pesquisa caracteriza-se como bibliográfica e descritiva, com dados analisados qualitativamente. Como principais resultados da pesquisa destacam-se que, 86% dos associados da Coopasvale não têm dificuldade para definir qual cultivar será produzido em sua propriedade, essa escolha em 57% dos casos está associada a fatores econômicos. Já com relação a aplicação de controles econômicos e financeiros, apenas 14% dos participantes da pesquisa aplicam esse tipo de controle. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, desempenhar uma boa administração, com organização e planejamento eficientes, para alcançar produtividade na agricultura familiar, apresenta-se como algo complexo e um desafio para os produtores rurais e que processo decisório nas propriedades objeto do estudo estão associados a fatores econômicos.
External pressure headache. Literature review
Authors: Timofejavaitė R. , Ryliškienė K.
Published: October 2021

External pressure headache is a primary headache disorder caused by physiological non-damaging stimuli; it has clear intermittent presentation, simple treatment and prevention recommendations, and therefore does not get much attention in medical literature. However, as the epidemiological situation changes, healthcare workers as long-term users of personal protective equipment have a higher risk to experience this type of headache. The article provides a review of the classification of external pressure headaches, diagnostic criteria, headache characteristics, pathogenesis mechanisms, and headaches caused by personal protective equipment during COVID-19 pandemic.
Non-dominant hemisphere stroke and spatial neglect: is stimulation of known hobbies and cravings a way to make rehabilitation more effective?
Authors: Juška T. , Vaitkus A. , Klinke M. E. , Matijošaitis V.
Published: October 2021

Stroke is an acute neurologic injury that occurs because of brain ischemia or brain hemorrhage. Improved treatment options for stroke have increased patient survival, but the condition remains the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. The huge costs and adverse impact of post-stroke disability make improving rehabilitation strategies a priority. Spatial neglect (SN) is characterized as a condition in which patients display insufficient attention to the contralesional side of their surroundings and their own body. It is the most common neurocognitive disorder causing long-term disability, occurring in approximately half of patients with stroke in the non-dominant brain hemisphere. Typical adjacent consequences of SN are difficulties with attention, perception, learning, memory, recognition, motivation, and expression of emotions. Numerous rehabilitation techniques have been designed to alleviate and remediate symptoms of SN. Paradoxically, many of these techniques have not found their way into routine clinical bedside rehabilitation. Rehabilitators may be reluctant to implement unfamiliar strategies, especially if they are new, controversial, or not tested in a clinical environment. In this paper, we propose a hypothesis that better rehabilitation results for stroke survivors with SN can be reached by including patients’ hobbies and cravings when training attention towards the neglected space during rehabilitation. Patients’ unique cravings and hobbies when used as conditioned cueing may help boost the mesolimbic dopamine system and eliminate hemispheric imbalance, which is thought by many to cause SN.
3E Analysis of the Effect of Different Type of Fans on Cooling Performance Applied to an Industrial Deep Freezer
Authors: OCAK Cemil , ERTEN Süleyman , İŞGEN Furkan , ARSLAN Erhan , KOŞAN Meltem , DEMİRCİ Esra , AKTAŞ Mustafa
Published: October 2021

In this study, two different industrial refrigerators were designed, manufactured and tested to analyze the impact of different types of fans (Type 1 and Type 2) used in industrial cooling systems on the performance of the cooling system. In order to test the fan performance and airflow effects, two axial fan configurations with different structures and different motor technology (EC and shaded-pole induction) were tested in two separate industrial refrigerator test rooms in accordance with TS EN ISO 23953-2 standards. R290 (Propane) was used as a refrigerant in the systems. The average temperature and relative humidity values of the environment where the experiment was conducted were measured as 25 °C and 60 % (Class 3), respectively. During the experiments, the total of 51.71 kWh energy was consumed in system 1, while the total of 54.22 kWh energy was consumed in system 2 and the difference between the energy consumption of the two systems was calculated as 4.85%. The average temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the evaporator of the system 1 and 2 were -21.57 °C, -18.97 °C and -23.43 °C, -20.94 °C, respectively. The average refrigerant temperatures for the system 1 and 2 were calculated as -24.65 °C, -26.44 °C, respectively. While the average coefficient of performance value of the type 1 system was 1.74, it was calculated as 1.54 for the type 2 cooling system. The average second-law efficiencies for the two cooling systems were calculated as 30.85 % and 29.81 %, respectively. In addition, the environmental economy analysis was carried out using the amount of CO2 that was prevented from emitting and the CO2 emission price calculated accordingly.
Awareness and Extent of Adoption of In-Situ Water Conservation (ISWC) Practices among Dryland Farmers
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, AC&RI, Madurai-625104., T Vinotha , K Mahandrakumar ,   Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, AC&RI, Madurai-625104., A Anitha Pauline ,   Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, AC&RI, Madurai-625104., K Prabakaran ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, AC&RI, Madurai-625104
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted among dry land farmers of Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu. Using random sampling method 80 respondents were selected and data was collected through pre-tested interview schedule. Adoption index was used to quantify the selected In-Situ Water Conservation (ISWC) practices. The study examined the level of awareness and extent of adoption of In-Situ Water Conservation (ISWC) practices among dry land farmers. The results showed that among the eight selected practices, respondents had cent percent awareness about summer plough, land leveling and ridges and furrows. Majority of respondents had medium level (76.20%) of adoption of ISWC practices respectively. The study reveals that most of the respondents followed more than two ISWC practices on their farms to conserve the rainwater.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS MITRA KERJA (PENGEMUDI) PADA PERUSAHAAN FORWARDING (TRANSPORTASI)
Authors: Sopaheluwakan Liana
Published: October 2021

Perusahaan forwarding jasa di bidang transportasi merupakan perkembangan terbaru dalam jasa transportasi di Indonesia yang menimbulkan polemik terkait hubungan kerja antara pengemudi dan perusahaan forwarding tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan hukum antara mitra kerja dengan perusahaan forwarding, serta membahas perlindungan hukum terhadap pengemudi dalam perjanjian kemitraan dengan perusahaan forwarding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis ialah metode yuridis normatif. Melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, penulis mencoba menelaah beberapa problem yang kemungkinan muncul berdasarkan praktik di lapangan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hubungan hukum para pihak dalam perjanjian kemitraan bukanlah suatu hubungan kerja, karena dalam perjanjian kemitraan tidak mengenal istilah atasan dan bawahan. Di samping itu, mitra dalam praktiknya tidak menerima upah atau gaji dari perusahaan forwarding sehingga perlindungan hukum terhadap mitra tidak dapat diterapkan aturan dalam Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dalam konteks perjanjian kerja. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar perlindungan hukum antara pengemudi dan perusahaan forwarding didasarkan pada perjanjian kemitraan dan pentingnya mengutamakan kesepakatan kedua pihak dalam menyusun substansi perjanjian kemitraan tersebut.Forwarding company in the transportation sector was the latest innovation in transportation services in Indonesia which has caused a polemic regarding the working relationship between the driver and the forwarding company. This study discusses the legal relationship between work partners and forwarding companies, and discusses legal protection of drivers in partnership agreements with forwarding companies. The research method used by the author is the normative juridical method. Through a statutory and conceptual approach, the author tries to examine some of the problems that may arise based on practice in the field. This study concludes that the legal relationship between the parties in the partnership agreement is not a working relationship, because the partnership agreement does not recognize the terms superiors and subordinates. In addition, in practice partners do not receive wages or salaries from forwarding companies so that legal protection for partners cannot be applied to the rules in Law No. 13 of 2003 on work agreement. This research suggests that legal protection between drivers and forwarding companies is based on a partnership agreement and the importance of prioritizing the agreement of both parties in preparing the substance of the partnership agreement.