bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis dan Perancangan Jaringan Komputer Tanpa Harddisk (Diskless) pada Laboratorium Jaringan AKN Pacitan Menggunakan Metode Preboot Execution Environtment (PXE)
Authors: Julianto Bagus , Nugroho Kurnianto Tri , Febryan Danny
Published: April 2021

INTISARI

Perkembangan teknologi telah memberikan banyak perubahaan dalam segala aktivitas. Membuat pekerjaan lebih cepat dan efisien. Preeboot Execution Environtment (PXE) adalah salah satu perkembangan teknologi di bidang jaringan. PXE adalah sebuah mekanisme didalam jaringan yang memungkinkan sebuah klien dapat booting dan masuk kedalam sistem operasi tanpa menggunakan harddisk. Terdapat beberapa kuntungan diterapkannya metode ini diantaranya adalah kemudahan dalam melakukan maintenance laboratorium, keamanan dari penyalahgunaan komputer, dan virus. Laboratorium jaringan adalah salah satu laboratorium yang digunakan oleh program studi Pemeliharaan Komputer dan Jaringan Akademi Komunitas Negeri (AKN) Pacitan. Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan (PLP) bertugas melakukan maintenance untuk memastikan komputer dapat berjalan dengan normal, jika terdapat kerusakan seperti serangan virus, penyalagunaan komputer, perangkat keras maka PLP harus melakukan perbaikan. Hal tersebut membutuhkan proses yang lama. Sehingga metode PXE sangat tepat diterapkan dalam laboratorium jaringan. Penerapan PXE dalam laboratorium jaringan berhasil dilakukan. Komputer klien dapat berjalan tanpa menggunakan harddisk. Komputer berjalan normal dengan lima klien. Dengan kecepatan jaringan rata-rata 98Mbps dan menggunakan hard drive konvensional untuk membaca dan menyimpan, prosesnya sangat lambat untuk 14 klien yang berjalan secara bersamaan.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ГУМАНІТАРНОГО НАПРЯМУ ДЛЯ СЕКТОРУ ВОЄННОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ Й ОБОРОНИ В ПЕРІОД ВІДСІЧІ ТА СТРИМАННЯ ЗБРОЙНОЇ АГРЕСІЇ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ ПРОТИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Сегеда С.П. , Паламар М.І.
Published: April 2021

Досліджуються сучасні проблеми військової освіти у ракурсі захисту національних інтересів, зокрема, шляхи підвищення кваліфікації фахів- ців державної та публічної влади з питань безпеки й оборони держави. Здійснюється компаративний аналіз підготовки фахівців гуманітарного спрямування для сектору безпеки й оборони України у мирний період і в час збройної агресії Російської Федерації.
Ключові слова: військова освіта, безпека і оборона, якість освіти, військові фахівці, гуманітарний напрям.
ПРОТИДІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКОГО РУХУ м. МАРІУПОЛЬ НЕГАТИВНОМУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ ВПЛИВУ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ АГРЕСІЇ (2014–2018 рр.)
Authors: Подибайло М.Т.
Published: April 2021

Військові дії в умовах збройної агресії Росії на сході України здебільшого висвітлюються українською історичною наукою, в основному за характером використання сил та засобів Української армії, тактикою та стратегією бойових дій, матеріально-технічним забезпеченням особового складу тощо. Однак аналіз використання ворогом методів інформаційної боротьби є особливо важливим і мало вивченим. Зрештою, нехтування цим досвідом, не врахування його при оцінці загроз значно зменшує сили та ресурси, що витрачаються на побудову армії, а також значно збільшує витрати на безпеку та оборону держави. Особливо важ- ливо вивчити досвід участі місцевого волонтерського руху в організації протидії негативним інформаційним впливам в умовах збройної агресії.
Волонтерський рух в Маріуполі виник стихійно, в умовах суспільно-по- літичної, соціально-економічної та соціокультурної монополії регіональних еліт. Відсутність будь-яких організованих сил опору в регіоні стало однією із ключових причин того, що саме в Донецькій і Луганській областях не було вчасно організовано спротиву гібридним загрозам з боку Росії. Тому досвід того, як волонтерський рух сприяв не лише мате- ріально-технічному забезпеченню Збройних сил України, але й протидії негативному інформаційному впливу противника є важливим напрямом дослідження з точки зору як військової історії, так і військових наук загалом.
Ключові слова: волонтерський рух, негативний інформаційний вплив, інформаційна боротьба, російська збройна агресія.
РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МІЖНАРОДНОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА (1991–2020 рр.)
Authors: Попко С.М.
Published: April 2021

У статті аналізуються місце, зміст і форми міжнародної співпраці Збройних Сил України у різні періоди їх реформування протягом 1991–2020 рр. Міжнародне співробітництво Збройних Сил України (ЗСУ) проаналізовано за окремими напрямами: військово-політичне співробіт- ництво, військово-технічна співпраця, досягнення оперативної сумісно- сті зі збройними силами держав — членів НАТО та ЄС, верифікаційна діяльність. Розглядаються суть та особливості періодизації як одного з основних методологічних аспектів наукового дослідження, наводиться аналіз різних підходів вітчизняних науковців до періодизації історії Збройних Сил України та їх міжнародного військового співробітництва протягом 1991–2020 рр.
Ключові слова: Збройні Сили України, Міністерство оборони України, періодизація, методологія, міжнародне військове співробітництво.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОНСТРУКТУ «ВЕЛИКА ВІТЧИЗНЯНА ВІЙНА» В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ АНТИУКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ПРОПАГАНДІ
Authors: Топальський В.Л. , Іваненко С.М.
Published: April 2021

Останнім часом російською пропагандою широко використовуються найрізноманітніші технології впливу проти нашої держави, у тому числі й із застосуванням історії, перетворивши інформаційну сферу на реальну арену протиборства. У статті узагальнено особливості використання кремлівською пропагандою конструкту «Велика Вітчизняна війна» з метою створення «образу ворога» з України, демонізації керівництва держави, особового складу Збройних Сил України та інших силових структур, а також легітимізації російської агресії проти нашої держави
ОПЕРАТИВНО-БОЙОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ РАДЯНСЬКИХ ОРГАНІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ У ПРОТИБОРСТВІ З ГІТЛЕРІВСЬКИМИ АГРЕСОРАМИ (1941–1945 рр.)
Authors: Вєдєнєєв Д.В.
Published: April 2021

Стаття  присвячена  комплексному  дослідженню  провідних  напря- мів оперативно-бойової діяльності радянських спецслужб на терито- рії України з метою виявлення їх внеску у відсіч нацистським агресорам та сприяння Діючій армії. В основу публікації покладено раніш недоступ- ні широкому колу дослідників документи органів НКВС-НКДБ з фондів Галузевих державних архівів СБ України та МВС України. Висвітлю- ються контррозвідувальна, зафронтова розвідувально-диверсійна робо- та органів НКВС-НКДБ УРСР, подаються основні результати діяльно- сті спецслужби у протиборстві із агресорами. Автор зосереджує увагу на спрямованості й змісті саме тих напрямів оперативно-бойової діяль- ності органів НКВС-НКДБ, котрі найбільшою мірою сприяли військово- му розгрому агресорів та визволенню України (одного із провідних ТВД Другої світової війни) й країн Східної Європи від нацизму.

Ключові слова: розвідка, контррозвідка, розвідувально-диверсійна діяльність, спецслужби, безпека, оперативне мистецтво спецслужб
The Association Between Afghan Refugees’ Food Insecurity and Socio-economic Factors in Iran: A Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province
Authors: Khakpour Mahasti , Khorshahi Azar , Pakravan Charvadeh Mohammad Reza , Omidvar Nasrin , Engler-Stringer Rachel , Koc Mustafa , Garcea Joe , White Judy , Henry Carol , Nematy Mohsen , Vatanparast Hassan
Published: April 2021

Afghan refugees are one of the most vulnerable migrant groups in terms of food insecurity status around the world. We aimed to investigate the association between Afghan protracted refugees' food insecurity and its socio– economic determinants in Mashhad, Iran. In a cross– sectional design, information was gathered through face– to– face interviews with 299 Afghan main income earners or his/her representative in Golshar district, Mashhad, Iran. In a quantitative approach, the association of socio– economic factors with food insecurity was assessed. The results showed that less than 1% of all the households were food secure, 69.2% of those with children and 47.5% of those with no child faced severe food insecurity. Class of households' income, residency status and personal dwelling were significantly associated with severe food insecurity of Afghan refugees. Determining effective socio– economic factors to formulate appropriate policies and practices is not only necessary but also inevitable to assure sustainable food security for refugees.
Sosyolojide Eleştirel Düşünme: Sosyoloji Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Sosyolojik Düşünme Beceri Düzeyleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GÜRSOY Mahmut
Published: April 2021

Üniversitelerdeki sosyoloji bölümlerinin en önemli ve müşterek öğretim hedeflerinden biri öğrencilerin sosyal olgulara ilişkin eleştirel düşünme becerilerini geliştirmektir. Buna rağmen, eğitimle ilgili böylesi bir kazanımı değerlendirmek üzere tasarlanmış ampirik araştırma yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu çalışma, sosyolojideki lisans öğrencilerinin toplumsal konularla ilgili eleştirel sosyolojik düşünme becerilerini ölçmeyi ve bölümün olağan müfredatı içerisinde eğitim aşamaları ilerledikçe bu becerilerin bir gelişim gösterip göstermediğini ya da ne düzeyde geliştiğini test etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Betimsel araştırma modeline göre gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın katılımcıları 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar yarıyılında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyoloji Bölümü’nde öğrenim gören öğrencilerdir. Öğrencilerden, eleştirel sosyolojik düşünme beceri düzeylerini tespit etmek için tasarlanmış bir konuda kompozisyon yazmaları istenmiş ve çalışmanın verileri bu kompozisyonlardan elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ise “Eleştirel Sosyolojik Düşünme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Eleştirel sosyolojik düşünme becerilerini 11 boyutta değerlendiren çalışmanın bulguları, öğrencilerin beceri düzeylerinin bölümün olağan müfredatı içerisinde eğitim aşamaları ilerledikçe hem boyutların her birinde hem de genel açıdan sürekli bir artış gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ancak nihai olarak öğrencilerin eleştirel sosyolojik düşünme becerilerinin istenen düzeye ulaştığını söylemek güçtür. Uygulanan öğretim programının öğrencilere disipline özgü eleştirel düşünme becerisi kazandırmada yeterince etkili olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.
The Macro Economic Drivers of Non-Performing Loans (NPL): Evidence from Selected Countries with Heterogeneous Panel Analysis
Authors: AYHAN Fatih , KARTAL Mustafa Tevfik
Published: April 2021

NPL could be treated as a critical issue in the financial systems of countries of which have bank-based infrastructures since NPL restrict the credit providing capacity of banks. Hence, necessary financing sources for economic growth and development could not be provided. In this context, the study aims to research the drivers of NPL in selected 23 countries. 4 independent drivers and yearly data between 2006 and 2018 are analyzed by using heterogeneous panel analysis. The empirical findings reveal that (i) credits, gross domestic products (GDP), and savings have statistically significant negative effect whereas foreign exchange rates (FER) have a statistically insignificant positive effect on NPL for the overall panel; (ii) 1% increase in credits reduces NPL by approximately 2%; (iii); FER have statistically significant effects in some countries at the country base; (iv) negative coefficients for credits, savings, and GDP are consistent in both overall panel and country base.
JUST A MATTER OF CHOICE
Authors: Bueno Filho Marco Antonio
Published: April 2021

What is learning? What is teaching? What would be students and teachers’ role regarding the process of learning and teaching? These are basic questions that have been answered in different ways throughout the twentieth century by various currents of thought in the field of education. As teachers we also tend to respond to them based on our past pedagogical readings and experiences, resulting in a plurality of positions where cognitivism, socio-cultural, behavioral, and political aspects can be appreciated jointly or to some degree polarized relative to each other.
In the early 1990s, Gerard Vergnaud also contributed to these questions in formulating The Conceptual Field Theory. Although the foundations of this theoretical body, in a first reading, are aligned with the Piagetian tradition, later developments contemplated the social construction of action schemes and, consequently, of the amalgam of concepts and thought operations that confer operability to human actions.
PRISON EDUCATION IN POLAND: SPECIFICS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Becker-Pestka Daria
Published: April 2021

The problems presented in the text refer to the education of convicts in Poland. It has been based on current Polish legal regulations, statistical data and specialist literature. The problems which refer to the education of convicts in Poland are regulated by the Act of 6th June 1997, the Executive Penal Code, the Act on the Education System and executive acts to the above-mentioned regulations. The current situation in the labour market requires people to acquire education and to improve their qualifications. People without education, who are excluded from the access to professional development and in-service training, find themselves in an extremely difficult situation. The lack of qualification and vocational skills usually leads to exclusion from the labour market. People who serve their sentences in prisons find themselves in a particularly difficult situation, because their lack of education may push them back into crime. A very positive tendency that may be observed in Poland is a growing demand for prison education. Convicts may acquire knowledge and raise their qualifications at various levels and in various fields. They may follow the curricula at the level of a primary or secondary school; they may pass their Matura certificate and, after the consent of relevant authorities, they can continue their education at the university level. Convicts may also learn a new profession, change their professional qualifications or acquire new additional skills during specialist courses. The qualifications acquired in this way shall meet current demand in the labour market, and convicts may find employment after they leave prisons. Education allows them to improve their self-esteem and self-reliance, to catch up with any deficiencies and to work on their self-discipline. At the same time, education offers opportunities to expand knowledge, to return to the society and to the labour market.
It is important for convicts to obtain opportunities for education, since such a chance comes as a significant factor of their social re-adaptation. Considering social values, it is important to foster the pursuit for education among convicts. A lot of prisoners still do not want to learn, and this fact may result from their previous school failures, the sense of embarrassment caused by their knowledge deficiencies, the lack of interest and faith in their own potential.
The material for the text has been collected on the basis of the method of theoretical analysis, and it includes available statistical data, legal regulations and literature which refers to the discussed problems. The article aims at the presentation of prison education, how it is organised in Poland and what advantages it presents for both: convicts and the society. The text also presents programmes of prison education which are implemented by correctional staff in prisons.
Keywords: education of convicts, penitentiary correctional measures, prison education, social re-adaptation, social rehabilitation.
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING MODELS ON BIOLOGY CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF MULTIETHNIC STUDENTS AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Boleng Didimus Tanah , Lumowa Sonya V.T , Palenewen Evie , Corebima Aloysius Duran
Published: April 2021

Teachers play an important role in the world of education, including in the process of planning the learning activities. A meaningful learning will be able to provide a good effect on students’ thinking ability. One of the students’ thinking skills that can be empowered is the critical thinking. Critical thinking skills can help a person to face the challenges of a globalized world. This research aimed at revealing the effect of PBL learning model on the critical thinking skills of multiethnic students. The design of this research was quasi experimental in non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted on multiethnic students of class XI Science in July-December 2016, in Samarinda, Indonesia. The results of the data analysis showed that learning model had an effect on students’ critical thinking skills. PBL model had a mean score of students’ critical thinking skill 73.81% higher than that of the conventional learning. Ethnics had an effect on students' critical thinking skills. The mean score of students’ critical thinking skills of Javanese was 11.94% higher than that of the Kutai ethnic, and 13.17% higher than that of the Banjar ethnic.
Keywords: learning model, problem based learning, critical thinking skills, multiethnic students.
COMPETENCE CONDITIONS ENABLING EDUCATION IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS: PARENTS’ EVALUATION
Authors: Kovienė Skaistė
Published: April 2021

Competence, psychological and material-organisational conditions determine favourable educational environment for parent education in pre-school education establishments. The aim of this research is - to identify competence conditions determining favourable educational environment for parent education in pre-school education establishment. Competence conditions, determining favourable educational environment for parent education in pre-school education establishments, which are formed of pedagogues and parents’ collaboration and parents’ communication between themselves, have been examined in the research. One of the determining factors, forming favourable educational environment for parent education is- pre-school educational establishment pedagogues, therefore both professional and personal pedagogues’ abilities were analysed to apply the most suitable communication and collaboration forms with parents in a concrete situation, to give parents pedagogical-psychological support. Standardised interview was applied for the research (for gathering empiric research data) and content analysis (empiric data analysis). Parents of the children attending pre-school education establishments participated in the research. The obtained results allowed making concrete conclusions about competence conditions determining favourable environment for parent education and to identify, according to parents, the most necessary for parents’ education improvement educational environment area, – pedagogues and parents’ communication and collaboration.
Keywords: competence conditions, educational environment, parent education, communication and collaboration, parent involvement, pre-school education establishment.
STUDENTS’ NEED FOR, AWARENESS, PERCEPTION AND USE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA
Authors: Lasode Abolanle O. , Lawal Olanrewaju O. , Ofodile Modester C.
Published: April 2021

This research investigated students’ needs, awareness, perception and use of Guidance and Counselling Services (G&CS) in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB). Simple random sampling technique was used to sample 283 respondents across the ten (10) colleges in the institution. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, and mean. The questionnaire was subjected to a pilot study that revealed psychometric properties of Cronbach’s Apha 0.86. Result revealed that 91.1% of the respondents were aware of G&CS and 74.6% of the respondents currently using the services indicated that it was very helpful. The rating of the counselling needs of the respondents revealed that academic issues with a mean of 3.62 ranked first, and exam pressure management had a mean of 3.51 ranked second. Furthermore, the rating of the perception of students on the quality and effectiveness of G&CS indicated that organized orientation services for fresh students ranked first (mean = 2.55), while effective counselling on personal, social, academic and vocational challenges ranked second (mean = 2.49). The study concluded that the G&CS needs of the students across the colleges differ due to the dissimilarities in their disciplines across the University. The G&CS was assisting students to attain competencies needed to overcome academic, career and personal concerns. The fresher’s orientation service received the highest perception (mean = 2.55) among respondents on the quality and effectiveness of G&CS in the institution.
Keywords: student needs, student awareness, student perception, guidance and counselling.
Analysis of Labor Planning on PT. Ganda Saribu Utama Binjai
Authors: Gaol Jonner Lumban , Sinaga Sarman , Nasution Lukman
Published: April 2021

Considering the recruitment and selection process for the company is very important to support the success of the company in achieving goals. With selective recruitment and selection will provide value for the company. The quality of the company will also improve better with competent and qualified employees. The discussion in this study is to analyze the labor planning. The results of the analysis on PT. Ganda Saribu Utama Binjai in the implementation of labor planning at PT. Ganda Saribu Utama Binjai is carried out several steps, namely: Job analysis, receiving applicant data, analyzing cover letters that have been sent to the company, conducting new employee acceptance tests, interview calls, reference examinations, and granting decisions on the acceptance of prospective new employees. And there are some obstacles that become obstacles in the company in hiring employees, which among which there are prospective employees who are dishonest, there are prospective employees who are not in accordance with the company's standards, with some obstacles, the company does things that can overcome problems in employee recruitment, starting with the implementation of selection in accordance with company procedures, and making specification adjustments in accordance with company standards.
Student Actions in the Learning Process of Indonesian Language Subjects and Their Implications for Improving Discussion Ability
Authors: Siahaan Perida Roma Asi , Saragih Erikson
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze the types, functions and implications of students' speech acts, how the speech acts in speaking directly to students in class discussion activities in the Indonesian language subject at the Faculty of Economics, University of Prima Indonesia. This research method uses mequalitative descriptive research tode with a case study research design for Faculty students Economics of Prima Indonesia University, where the research data were collected using technique note, the method of observation, and listen. Sources of data were obtained from the results of students' speech acts in the learning process of discussing Indonesian Language courses. Types of speech acts used in discussion activities in the learning process are locus speech acts, illocutionary speech acts and perlocution speech acts. The speech act function used by students in discussion activities in the learning process is a locus speech act with a news function, with a question-speaking function, with a commanding speech function. Assertive illocutionary speech acts, directive illocutionary speech acts, expressive illocutionary speech acts, commissive illocutionary speech acts, and declarative illocutionary speech acts. Perlocutionary speech acts with the function of giving influence.
Serum Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in Untreated and Treated in Batak Tribe Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Siagian Julius Martin , Effendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa M.
Published: April 2021

To find out the difference of serum IL-2 levels between untreated and treated in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia and healthy control and also to find out the association between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia. This study was cross-sectional approach using a one-way ANOVA welch test and to find a correlation between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia which is conducted in Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital Medan and Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital Medan from September 2019-November 2019. Subjects of untreated were 55 subjects and treated in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia were 55 subjects and healthy control were 55 subjects. There were significant differences between these three groups using post hoc Games-Howell test on the value of p<0.001 and also been found there was a significant correlation between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia using the Pearson correlation test (r=0.599, p=0.001 and r=0.501, p=0.001). It was founded that there were significant differences between serum IL-2 levels in three groups and also founded there was a significant correlation between serum IL-2 levels with PANSS score in the Batak tribe patients with schizophrenia.
Mathematics Teacher Performance Based on the Perceptions and Competence of Junior High School Students in Labuhanbatu District
Authors: Sari Nur Indah Puspita , Siregar Sakinah Ubudiyah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to see the strengths and weaknesses of the teacher in the teaching process based on the competence aspects of the mathematics teacher and to describe the situation and state of the teacher's competence when in the learning process in the classroom based on student perceptions associated with the competence of the students themselves. Data processing techniques using data analysis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The population of this study were junior high school students in Labuhanbatu. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling leading to simple random sampling, the number of samples obtained was 219 students. Techniques in the data collection process were carried out by distributing a questionnaire on students' perceptions of the mathematics teacher's performance consisting of 48 questions in the form of a Likert scale.
The Effect of Survey, Connection, Read, Outline and Look Back (SCROL) Strategy to Increase Students’ Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text in Tenth Grade of MAN 1 Takengon
Authors: Ibrahim Linda Fitri
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is: “To know whether Survey, Connection, Read, Outline and Look Back (SCROL) strategy significantly affect to increase students’ reading comprehension of descriptive at tenth grade of MAN 1 Takengon”. The method used in this research is quantitative research with an experiment approach. For collecting data are using observation and test. The population in this research is the tenth grade students of MAN 1 Takengon with total number 221 students. Sample used in this research is X Scince2 class as the experimental class and the control class X Science1. Both of the class consist of 20 students. The result of this research based on calculation of t-test, where the value of tscore 3,8 is higher than ttable 1,9 at the level significance 0,05. It shows that the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the research hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Based on the results, for suggestion teacher can apply this method in teaching reading and using appropriate technique in teaching and the learning process.
Authorship and its abuse in a scientific publication.
Authors: Iqbal Md Ashif
Published: April 2021

Abstract not available

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 1-3
Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children
Authors: Sikder Muhammad Alam , Faruqui Tasneem , Harun KM Abdullah Al , Mahmud Sajjad , Faruqui Radia
Published: April 2021

This cross sectional study on oral condition among school going children in Sylhet city was conducted at Osmani Medical High School, Dorgah Gate, Sylhet, Bangladesh. This study was carried out on 8th October, 2019 among 208 students, mostly 12 years aged studying in Class VI. The main objective of the study was to assess the oral health condition of school going children through decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) status. Data was collected by personal interview and clinical examination of the respondents. Among 208 children, 96 (46.2%) were boys and 112 (53.8%) were girls. Among all, 63 (30.3%) respondents brush their teeth once daily while 137 (65.9 %) respondents brush twice a day, and 8 (3.8 %) of them brush their teeth more than twice daily. Fluoride containing toothpaste is used by 73 (35.1 %) students, 112 (53.8 %) students did not know whether their toothpaste contain fluoride or not, and 23 (11.1 %) students do not use fluoride. Among all respondents, 125(60.09 %) did not have any decayed tooth, while 83(39.90 %) had tooth decay, and 20(9.6 %) had their teeth filled. Normal gingival condition was found in 185 (88.94 %) subjects, but 23(11.06 %) of them had red or swollen gingiva. The mean DMFT of the study population was 1.19 which is considered as “low” according to “WHO quantification for the DMFT index”.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11 (1): 4-6
Pengembangan Aplikasi Kamus Bergambar Untuk Pembelajaran Anak Berbasis Android
Authors: Adliani Suri , Helmiah Fauriatun , Rahmadani Nurul
Published: April 2021

Abstract: In the world of education, a learning medium is needed, especially in an era that is all technological, it is hoped that students from TK Kemala Bhayangkari 08 Kisaran have a learning medium that is easier to understand and can be applied, for example by applying English learning using Android-based media, The system is designed using Adobe Flash CS6 and Action Script 3.0 Android Air Pugin for Adoobe Flash CS6 as a tool for making scripts on Android which aree displayed in the form of language and attractive images and sounds, so that children can easily learn basic English and better understand with the presence of images and sound. This application should be able to develop both emotional and spiritual intelligence of children and increase children’s insight in speaking English which was previously through independent learning or with other assistance for learning with Android-based English education, including images and sounds. Keywords: Android,  Learning Media, Picture Dictionary  Abstrak: Dalam dunia Pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan sebuah media belajar, apalagi di zaman yang sudah serba teknologi maka diharapkan murid dari TK Kemala Bhayangkari 08 Kisaran memiliki suatu media belajar yang lebih mudah  dipahami dan dapat diterapkan, adapun contohnya dengan mengaplikasi kan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris menggunakan media berbasis Android,  sistem yang dirancang menggunakan Adobe Flash CS6 dan Action Script 3.0 Android Air Pugin for Adobe Flash CS6 sebagai bahan bantu pembuatan script  pada Android yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk bahasa serta gambar yang menarik dan suara, agar anak lebih mudah dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris dasar serta lebih memahami dengan adanya gambar dan suara. Aplikasi ini harusnya dapat mengembangkan kecerdasan baik emosional dan spiritual anak dan menambah wawasan anak dalam mengucapkan bahasa Inggris, yang tadinya dengan cara belajar mandiri atau dengan pendampingan lain untuk pembelajaran dengan edukasi bahasa Inggris yang berbasis Android disertakan gambar dan suara. Kata Kunci : Android, Kamus Bergambar, Media Pembelajaran
Actions of angiotensin II and dopamine in the medial preoptic area on prolactin secretion
Authors: Leite CM , Machado GJR , Dornelles RCM , Franci CR
Published: April 2021

Dopamine (DA) is known as a primary regulator of prolactin secretion (PRL) and angiotensin II (Ang II) has been recognized as one brain inhibitory factor of this secretion. In this work, estrogen-primed or unprimed ovariectomized rats were submitted to the microinjection of saline or Ang II after previous microinjection of saline or of DA antagonist (haloperidol, sulpiride or SCH) both in the medial preoptic area (MPOA). Our study of these interactions has shown that 1) estrogen-induced PRL secretion is mediated by Ang II and DA actions in the MPOA, i.e. very high plasma PRL would be prevented by inhibitory action of Ang II, while very low levels would be prevented in part by stimulatory action of DA through D(2) receptors, 2) the inhibitory action of Ang II depends on estrogen and is mediated in part by inhibitory action of DA through D(1) receptors and in other part by inhibition of stimulatory action of DA through D(2) receptors.
Compensatory recovery of vagal control of hemodynamics after unilateral vagotomy
Authors: Chen LN , Zang WJ , Yu XJ , Liu J , Li DL , Kong SS , Lu J , Xu XL
Published: April 2021

This study investigated whether each part of the heart is evenly
innervated by the left or right vagus and observed the
mechanism of compensatory recovery after unilateral cervical
vagotomy. HR, BP, LVSP and ±dp/dt max all decreased one week
after left vagotomy, whereas only BP and -dp/dt max decreased
one week after right vagotomy. Western blot analyses revealed
that the expression of M2 receptors in the left atrium and left
ventricle was upregulated after subacute (1 week) left/right
vagotomy. However, significantly more cholinesterase-positive
nerves in LV and RV were seen one week after unilateral
vagotomy compared to the sham-operated group. In addition,
baroreflex sensitivity was increased after subacute right
vagotomy. The decreasing effects of ACh (0.5 μg/kg) on LVSP
and ±dp/dt max (but not on HR and BP) were facilitated by
subacute unilateral vagotomy. Our present experiments indicate
that 1) the working myocardium is innervated bilaterally by the
vagus, 2) ventricular contractility is influenced more by
denervation of the left than the right vagus and 3) up-regulation
of M2 muscarinic receptors in the left heart, increase of
cholinergic nerves, and high baroreflex sensitivity could be
involved in the mechanism of compensatory hemodynamic
recovery via contralateral vagus overactivity, thereby amplifying
contralateral vagal activity and decreasing cardiac contractility.
Impaired microvascular reactivity and endothelial function in patients with Cushing’s syndrome: influence of arterial hypertension
Authors: Prázný M , Ježková J , Horová E , Lazárová V , Hána V , Kvasnička J , Pecen L , Marek J , Škrha J , Kršek M
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate skin microvascular
reactivity (MVR) and possible influencing factors (fibrinolysis,
oxidative stress, and endothelial function) in patients with
Cushing’s syndrome. Twenty-nine patients with active Cushing’s
syndrome (ten of them also examined after a successful
operation) and 16 control subjects were studied. Skin MVR was
measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during post-occlusive
(PORH) and thermal hyperemia (TH). Malondialdehyde and
Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase were used as markers of oxidative
stress. Fibrinolysis was estimated by tissue plasminogen activator
(tPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1). N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase,
E-selectin, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 were used as markers of
endothelial function. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction
was present in patients with hypercortisolism, however,
increased concentration of ICAM-1 was also found in patients
after the operation as compared to controls (290.8±74.2 vs.
210.9±56.3 ng.ml-1, p<0.05). Maximal perfusion was significantly
lower in patients with arterial hypertension during PORH and TH
(36.3±13.0 vs. 63.3±32.4 PU, p<0.01, and 90.4±36.6 vs.
159.2±95.3 PU, p<0.05, respectively) and similarly the velocity
of perfusion increase during PORH and TH was lower (3.2±1.5
vs. 5.2±3.4 PU.s-1, p<0.05, and 0.95±0.6 vs. 1.8±1.1 PU.s-1,
p<0.05, respectively). The most pronounced impairment of
microvascular reactivity was present in patients with combination
of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Inhibition of Palmityl Carnitine Oxidation in Rat Liver Mitochondria by Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Červinková Z , Rauchová H , Křiváková P , Drahota Z
Published: April 2021

Mitochondria as an energy generating cell device are very
sensitive to oxidative damage. Our previous findings obtained in
hepatocytes demonstrated that Complex I of the respiratory
chain is more sensitive to oxidative damage than other
respiratory chain complexes. We present additional data on
isolated mitochondria showing that palmityl carnitine oxidation is
strongly depressed at a low (200 µM) tert-butyl hydroperoxide
(tBHP) concentration, while oxidation of the flavoproteindependent substrate – succinate is not affected and neither is
ATP synthesis inhibited by tBHP. In the presence of tBHP, the
respiratory control index for palmityl carnitine oxidation is
strongly depressed, but when succinate is oxidized the
respiratory control index remains unaffected. Our findings thus
indicate that flavoprotein-dependent substrates could be an
important nutritional factor for the regeneration process in the
necrotic liver damaged by oxidative stress.
The effects of pertussis toxin-treatment on integrated vasoactive response of vascular system in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Čačányiová S , Kristek F , Kuneš J , Zicha J
Published: April 2021

We investigated the effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) on
hypotensive response induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and
bradykinin (BK) and on noradrenaline (NA)-induced pressor
response in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Fifteenweek-old Wistar rats and age-matched SHR were used. Half of SHR received PTX (10 µg/kg/i.v.) and the experiments were performed 48 h later. After the anesthesia the right carotid artery
was cannulated in order to record blood pressure (BP). The
hypotensive response to ACh was enhanced in SHR compared to
Wistar rats. After pretreatment of SHR with PTX the hypotensive
response to ACh was reduced compared to untreated SHR and it
was also diminished in comparison to Wistar rats. Similarly, the
hypotensive response to BK was also decreased after PTX
pretreatment. The pressor response to NA was increased in SHR
compared to Wistar rats. NA-induced pressor response was
considerably decreased after PTX pretreatment compared to
untreated SHR. In conclusion, the enhancement of hypotensive
and pressor responses in SHR was abolished after PTX
pretreatment. Our results suggested that the activation of PTXsensitive inhibitory Gi proteins is involved in the regulation of
integrated vasoactive responses in SHR and PTX pretreatment
could be effectively used for modification of BP regulation in this
type of experimental hypertension.
Air quality sensors in public transport stops and cross-system communication
Authors: Mustață Dan-Marius
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to present a state of art implementation of air quality
sensors in public transport stops. Effects on health due to different types of pollutants are
summarized as well. Functional scope of the solutions, via warning messages displayed for passengers waiting at these stops, including a cross system communication between traffic management and public transport systems, are also focused. Analysis of existing sensor types from multiple view point including functions, types of measured pollutants, price ranges and comparisons are outlined.
Estimating the potential for selective collection of biowaste in Romania and the capitalization by anaerobic digestion
Authors: Varga Lucian , Ionel Ioana , Zaman Gheorghe , Dunca Emilia , Balogh Ramon Mihai
Published: April 2021

The aim of the paper is to make an x-ray of the potential of biological waste
collection for the production of biofuels and fertilizers in Romania. It presents the existing
legislative framework on bio-waste management as well as recycling technologies. A case
study on the evaluation of the potential for selective collection of bio-waste for its anaerobic digestion is described.
Farmer Friendly Options for Sterilizing Farm Tools for the Control of Xanthomonas Wilt Disease of Banana
Authors: Ocimati Walter , Tazuba Anthony Fredrick , Blomme Guy
Published: April 2021

The adoption of tool sterilization using either 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) or fire, a core element of the cultural control packages for Xanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana has been poorly adopted hampering XW control in East and Central Africa. Household bleach is costly and not accessible to the rural poor while repeated heating weakens metal blades of garden tools (machetes, knives, and hoes). Identification of economically viable tool sterilization options is thus crucial for XW management. We explored a range of practices including tool insertion for varying time periods into cold and hot ash, fire and boiling water; tool exposure over varying time periods to the sun while under black or transparent plastic sheets; and washing tools with cold water and laundry soap or detergent. Cleaning with household bleach served as a negative control while uncleaned tools as positive control. Like for household bleach, no Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) the causal agent of XW was recovered from tools washed with cold water and different laundry soaps or detergents. Culturing Xvm in varying detergent and soap concentrations (0.00125–0.035 g/mL), only resulted in growth at lower concentrations of 0.00125 and 0.0025 g/mL. The cleaning effect of soap could thus be due to both an anti-bacterial effect and dislodgment of bacteria from tools. Laundry soaps/detergents are cheaper than household bleach and used for various purposes within and across households, including the resource poor and rural households, hence a cheaper and convenient tool sterilization alternative. Tool insertion into boiling water was effective from the 40th second and thus a viable alternative. Heating tools in fire required up to a minute to clear all bacteria. The currently recommended 20–40 s heating could thus be inadequate. Repeated heating for 1 min may also damage tools. Other practices (washing with cold water only, use of solar radiation, repeatedly and forcefully inserting tools into the soil, tool insertion into hot and cold ash for up to 5 min) only reduced Xvm populations on tools, thus not independently recommended. We recommend expanding the tool sterilization options to include washing with soap/ detergents and tool insertion into boiling water for at least 1 min.
An Acceptance Analysis of Subsoil Amelioration Amongst Agricultural Actors in Two Regions in Germany
Authors: Hinzmann Mandy , Ittner Sophie , Kiresiewa Zoritza , Gerdes Holger
Published: April 2021

The subsoil, commonly defined as horizons below the working depth of 30 cm, often receives little attention in farming practice. Yet plants extract between 10 and 80% of their nutrient and water requirements from the subsoil. Recent research indicates that subsoil amelioration measures, which enhance water storage capacity, root penetration and microbial activity, could contribute to stabilizing yields in times of drought. Therefore, we investigated farmers' and other soil experts' perceptions of subsoil amelioration as an approach to adapt to climate change as well as the factors that influence their willingness to adopt specific measures to improve the subsoil. We applied the Q-method combined with focus groups in two case study regions in Germany. Two subsoil amelioration techniques were considered: (1) Deep loosening combined with the incorporation of compost into deep soil layers (30–60 cm) and (2) the cultivation of alfalfa as deep-rooting pre-crop. Our results show three distinct views on subsoil amelioration, which we termed as the “pioneers,” the “skeptics,” and the “ecologists.” While the pioneers were open toward applying deep loosening combined with incorporation of compost into the subsoil, the skeptics had concerns about the method and perceived it as hardly feasible in practice, and the ecologists clearly preferred biological approaches such as alfalfa cultivation. Despite the different views, all three perspectives view subsoil amelioration as a useful approach to adapt to changing climate conditions. In conclusion, we identified a number of factors that influence the willingness to implement specific techniques to improve the subsoil: economic and farm-level considerations, awareness of subsoil functions, environmental awareness, individual norms and beliefs as well as risk perception. We recommend considering these factors in the design of a policy framework that promotes subsoil amelioration in Germany. Our findings could be of relevance for agricultural systems around the world, which are prone to drought risk.
Total Knee Replacement: Subject-Specific Modeling, Finite Element Analysis, and Evaluation of Dynamic Activities
Authors: Loi Iliana , Stanev Dimitar , Moustakas Konstantinos
Published: April 2021

This study presents a semi-automatic framework to create subject-specific total knee replacement finite element models, which can be used to analyze locomotion patterns and evaluate knee dynamics. In recent years, much scientific attention was attracted to pre-clinical optimization of customized total knee replacement operations through computational modeling to minimize post-operational adverse effects. However, the time-consuming and laborious process of developing a subject-specific finite element model poses an obstacle to the latter. One of this work's main goals is to automate the finite element model development process, which speeds up the proposed framework and makes it viable for practical applications. This pipeline's reliability was ratified by developing and validating a subject-specific total knee replacement model based on the 6th SimTK Grand Challenge data set. The model was validated by analyzing contact pressures on the tibial insert in relation to the patient's gait and analysis of tibial contact forces, which were found to be in accordance with the ones provided by the Grand Challenge data set. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the influence of modeling choices on tibial insert's contact pressures and determine possible uncertainties on the models produced by the framework. Parameters, such as the position of ligament origin points, ligament stiffness, reference strain, and implant-bone alignment were used for the sensitivity study. Notably, it was found that changes in the alignment of the femoral component in reference to the knee bones significantly affect the load distribution at the tibiofemoral joint, with an increase of 206.48% to be observed at contact pressures during 5° internal rotation. Overall, the models produced by this pipeline can be further used to optimize and personalize surgery by evaluating the best surgical parameters in a simulated manner before the actual surgery.