bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizens’ trust in police enforcement in Calbayog City, Philippines
Authors: Uy Joar V.
Published: January 2025

Trust in police enforcement is a fundamental element for maintaining public order, promoting community safety, and ensuring the legitimacy of law enforcement agencies. It develops positive relationships between the police and the community, encouraging cooperation and compliance with the law. When citizens trust the police, they are more likely to report crimes, provide useful information, and engage in lawful behavior, which enhances crime prevention and resolution efforts. This paper descriptively analyzed citizens’ trust towards police enforcement in Calbayog City, Philippines in terms of accountability, transparency, fairness, and community engagement. Participants were purposively sampled using online tools and categorized into three groups: ordinary citizens (n=150), barangay officials (n=50), and members of the police auxiliary unit (n=225). Findings indicated that the public trust towards the police enforcement in the city was generally high and positive, but the auxiliary unit consistently rated police performance more favorably than ordinary citizens or barangay officials. The police enforcement in Calbayog City, while demonstrating generally positive accountability, transparency, fairness, and community engagement, still needs considerable focus on further development. It is essential to prioritize efforts aimed at bridging the gap between the police and the community, with particular emphasis on enhancing transparency, fairness, and inclusivity. There was also a need to develop effective communication channels to connect to a larger public. Acknowledging and addressing historical issues, perhaps through public forums or community outreach programs, would demonstrate commitment to fairness and accountability. Such initiatives would contribute to the strengthening of public trust and cooperation, which facilitates more effective policing and the improvement of public safety.
Kepedulian Kepada Masyarakat Saat Lattek Pendidikan Komando Taruna Marinir di Banyuwangi Guna Membantu Menghadapi Masa Pandemi
Authors: Muh. Saikhu  , Faris Nurhuda  , Topan Harimurti  , Ari Trijurini
Published: January 2025

Concern for the community, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, is very important, so it is still a priority for community service activities programs, in supporting government programs in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak. The purpose of this pengmas is to help ease the burden on the community during the Covid-19 pandemic, and it is hoped that this packaging activity can help and have a positive impact on people's lives. This activity was supported by the PPM AAL Team, AAL Cadets, representatives of lecturers, representatives of cadets alumni (ALTAR) 1989 as well as representatives from village agencies, sub-districts, coffee plantation companies. 2-day packaging implementation technique, namely 3 – 4 October 2021. Implementation based on the warrant of the Governor of the Naval Academy Number Sprint / 1502 / X / 2021 dated August 5, 2021 and the warrant of the Governor of the Naval Academy Number Sprint / 1505 / X / 2021 dated August 5, 2021 concerning community service activities and about the warrant of AAL lecturers to participate in community service activities in Kampung Anyar Village, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency. The results of packaging activities can help the community and orphans by providing foodstuffs, providing donation funds to build Darul Ilmi boarding schools, and filial work in environmental cleaning. Recommended for upcoming packaging activities, by providing productive assistance, namely assistance that can be used by the community to produce, so that it can be used to improve the welfare of the community for a long time.
Serbuan Vaksinasi Covid-19 untuk Anak 6 – 11 Tahun di SD Krian III Guna Membantu Mempercepat Penyebaran Vaksin
Authors: Asep Iwa Soemantri  , Bambang Hartono  , Hermin Priani  , Lukman Hakim
Published: January 2025

Vaccination attacks for children 6-11 years old is very important in community service activities because they can help speed up the spread of the covid-19 vaccine, thereby minimizing elementary school children contracting Covid-19. The purpose of this community service is to help elementary schools feel calmer in carrying out offline learning, as an effort to avoid learning loss when learning online. This activity was supported by the principal and teachers of SD Krian III and the AAL Health unit Health workers. Vaccination is carried out 2 times, namely the 1st vaccination on January 11, 2022 and the second vaccination on February 16, 2022. The vaccination implementation is guided by the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number HK.01.07/MENKES/6688/2021 concerning the Implementation of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 Vaccination (Covid- 19) for children aged 6 (six) to 11 (eleven) years, with a vaccination service screening format. The results of the 1st vaccination activity of 610 registrants who vaccinated 609 children, of which 1 was postponed. Vaccination 2 of 452 children, 1 child for vaccine 1 and 451 children for vaccine 2. It is recommended to develop a vaccine attack to elementary school students in areas that have not been vaccinated.
Mendukung Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) pada Sekolah sebagai Bentuk Aplikasi dari Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Salamah Umi , Kartiko Donni , Akhsan Dewandaru
Published: January 2025

In education, efforts to improve student character must be made. One of the activities that follows the independent curriculum is the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5).  In this P5 activity, students are given training that can stimulate the emergence of soft skills, namely a sense of responsibility, discipline, independence, caring, and a feeling of love for the country. It is hoped that the young generation whose love for Indonesia has emerged will have a high enthusiasm to improve their quality, by studying harder, so that they can participate in efforts to defend this country to increase the prosperity of the nation and the Indonesian state. It is recommended that activities such as P5 or LDKS be carried out periodically, with material programs arranged systematically to achieve the goals. To achieve the objectives effectively and efficiently, an activity program must be prepared such as a Training Program Outline and Learning Process Plan with a gradual and continuous implementation system.
DECOLORIZATION OF AZO DYES AND MINERALIZATION OF PHENANTHRENE BY TRAMETES SP. AS03 ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN MANGROVE FOREST
Authors: Hidayat Asep , Tachibana Sanro
Published: January 2025

Textile industry contributes the most disposals of synthetic dyes, and about 40% of textile dyes has been generating high amount of colored wastewater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene, is a group of organic compounds, that structurally comprised of two or more benzene rings, which persist in air, water, and soil. The organic pollutants of dyes and PAHs have adversely effects the food chain and are potentially toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic to the environment. The objective of this research is to screen and investigate the potential fungus from mangrove forest to degrade azo dyes and phenanthrene.  In this study, fungi were collected from mangrove forest in Riau Province – Sumatra – Indonesia. Previously, Trametes sp. AS03 is one of the fungi isolated from mangrove forest in Riau Province, that was able to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). The capability of Trametes sp. AS03 to decolorize four azo dyes, Remazol B. Violet (V5), Levafix Orange E3GA (Or64), Levafix B. Red E-6BA (R159), and Sumifix S. Scarlet 2GF (R222), were further evaluated. The result shows that Trametes sp. AS03 decolorized 91, 60, 48, and 31 of V5, R222, R159, and Or64, respectively. By showing its capability to decolorize some of the dyes, Trametes sp. AS03 was used to break down phenanthrene. AS03 degraded more than 70% of phenanthrene in 15 days.
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF WATERSHED PARTNERSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF LIMBOTO WATERSHED - GORONTALO, INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayat Gun Gun , Kakizawa Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

Establishment of watershed partnership is required to achieve integrated watershed management in Indonesia. Taking “partnership of Limboto watershed” as a case study, this study aimed to explore the development process of watershed partnership and its state and role in a watershed. Data and information were collected through interviews, group discussions and questionnaire survey. The results showed that in the early stages, through a good preparation process, the partnership gained recognition and support from stakeholders. Informal, open, and voluntary processes were adopted by the coordinator of the partnership for the establishment and initial operation phases which gave the partnership the experience of being inclusive and an active period which was considered as a good success. However, in the next phase, the partnership was unable to cope with the formalization of the watershed partnership as demanded by the decentralized institution by having a new structure without a definite and responsible institution, secretariat and budget source due to lack of interest of the expected local government to take on the responsibility. Formalization resulted in the disfunction of the partnership. Though, many participants considered the partnership had a positive role, especially concerning exchange of information and improvement of concern about the community. This partnership did not yet function for integrated watershed management, but more to educate and inspire people on watershed conservation through project-based activities.
ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS IN PAPUA TROPICAL FOREST
Authors: Maulana Sandhi Imam
Published: January 2025

Allometric equations can be used to estimate biomass and carbon stock of  the forest. However, so far the allometric equations for commercial species in Papua tropical forests have not been appropriately developed. In this research, allometric equations are presented based on the genera of  commercial species. Few equations have been developed for the commercial species of  Intsia, Pometia, Palaquium and Vatica genera and an equation of  a mix of  these genera. The number of  trees sampled in this research was 49, with diameters (1.30 m above-ground or above buttresses) ranging from 5 to 40 cm. Destructive sampling was used to collect the samples where Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Wood Density (WD) were used as predictors for dry weight of  Total Above-Ground Biomass (TAGB). Model comparison and selection were based on the values of  F-statistics, R-sq, R-sq (adj), and average deviation. Based on these statistical indicators, the most suitable model for Intsia, Pometia, Palaquium and Vatica genera respectively are Log(TAGB) = -0.76 + 2.51Log(DBH), Log(TAGB) = -0.84 + 2.57Log(DBH), Log(TAGB) = -1.52 + 2.96Log(DBH), and Log(TAGB) = -0.09 + 2.08Log(DBH). Additional explanatory variables such as Commercial Bole Height (CBH) do not really increase the indicators’ goodness of  fit for the equation. An alternative model to incorporate wood density should  be considered for estimating the above-ground biomass for mixed genera.
LEAF AREA INDEX DERIVED FROM HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPH AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ABOVEGROUND FOREST BIOMASS
Authors: Basuki Tyas Mutiara
Published: January 2025

Leaf  area index (LAI) is one of  the key physical factors in the energy exchange between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere. It determines the photosynthesis process to produce biomass and plays an important role in performing forest stand reflectance. Therefore building relationship between LAI and biomass from field measurements can be used to develop allometric equations for biomass estimation. This paper studies the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH) and leaves biomass, DBH and crown biomass (sum up of  leaves,  twigs and branches) as well as between LAI and leaves biomass; LAI and crown biomass; LAI and Total Above-ground Biomass (TAGB) in East Kalimantan Province. Destructive sampling was conducted to develop allometric equations. The DBH measurements from 52 sample plots were used as training data for model development (35 plots) and for validation (17 plots). A hemispherical photograph was used to record LAI. The result shows that strong corelation (r) exists between natural logarithmic (ln) DBH and crown biomass ranging from 0.88 to 0.98. The correlation (r) between LAI and biomass of  leaves; leaves + twigs + branches; TAGB were 0.742, 0.768 and 0.772, respectively.  Improvement of  (r) between LAI and biomass can be conducted by proper time of  LAI measurement, when the sky is uniformly overcast.
DIVERSITY OF BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE AND HABITAT GRADIENTS IN FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS AND RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF NORTH SUMATRA
Authors: Ayat Asep , Tata Hesti L.
Published: January 2025

Birds play a pivotal role in ecosystems, but in disturbed areas their role may be limited due to changes in their habitat.  In Simalungun and Asahan districts, North Sumatra, bird communities were studied in a range of habitats: natural forest, rubber agroforests (RAF), rubber monoculture plantations (RMP) and emplacement areas. The birds were observed using descriptive survey methods by implementing a quick biodiversity survey, with data collected along a 1km transect.  In total, 142 species of birds from 42 families were found in the four habitats. Natural forests held the highest diversity of bird species, followed by rubber agroforests, emplacement areas and rubber plantations, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 4.5, 3.6, 3.6 and 3, respectively. Regarding the IUCN red list species, 12 bird species of near-threatened status and 2 species of vulnerable status were recorded.  Based on CITES categories, one species was listed in the Appendix criteria I, 12 species were classified in Appendix II and 26 bird species were protected under Indonesian regulations. Changes in the structure and composition of vegetation in disturbed forests and cleared land determined the richness of bird species. The different tree compositions in the three habitats of the rubber estate plantations and surrounding areas influenced the number of bird species, their diversity and species composition.
SOIL AND WATER MICROORGANISM DIVERSITY OF MANGROVE FOREST OF TELUK KELUMPANG, SELAT LAUT AND SELAT SEBUKU NATURAL RESERVE
Authors: Halwany Wawan , Andriani Susy
Published: January 2025

Mangrove is a unique ecosystem that has complex biotic and abiotic components. Soil and water microorganisms have function as decomposer in mangrove forest ecosystem.  This paper studies the soil and water microorganisms' diversity, their potential, function in ecosystem and their role as environmental parameters in mangrove area of  Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut and Selat Sebuku Natural Reserve (Kelautku Natural Reserve).  Data of  soil and water microorganisms were recorded from soil and water samplings then analyzed in the laboratory.  Results show that benthos in Selat Sebuku figure the highest diversity index.  Anadara granosa  is one of  the common benthos found in Selat Sebuku.  In contrary the phytoplankton in Selat Sebuku is the lowest value compared to the other two locations, due to the settlements in the locations and it was suspected that Selat Sebuku has a relatively larger wave exposure than the two other locations.  In addition, input of organic matters from the settlements in Teluk Kelumpang and Selat Laut is also effected  by the growth of   phytoplankton.  Cyanophyta found in Teluk Kelumpang and Selat Laut was genera of  Oscillatoria that showed high tolerance genera to  the environment conditions.
GENETIC GAIN AND PROJECTED INCREASE IN STAND VOLUME FROM TWO CYCLES BREEDING PROGRAM OF Acacia mangium
Authors: Nirsatmanto Arif , Setyaji Teguh , Sunarti Sri , Kartikaningtyas Dwi
Published: January 2025

Two cycles breeding program of Acacia mangium was practiced by Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Research. Although improved seed from the breeding program have been used in operational plantation, the real amount of gains in productivity was not verified together yet.  This study was aimed to observe realized genetic gain and projected increase in stand volume from the two cycles breeding of A. mangium, and to discuss the implications on plantation productivity and sustainable forestry in Indonesia. Improved seed from first and second-generation seed orchard were tested together with an unimproved seed in genetic gain trial in West Java, with spacing of 3 x 3 m. Measurements were done at three years ages for height, dbh, and stem volume. Realized genetic gain was calculated as the percentage increase of improved seed over the unimproved one. Results of study showed that improved seed performed better growth than the unimproved with realized gain of 5-24% (height), 3-44% (dbh) and 11-90% (stem volume). Improved seed from second-generation outperformed that from the first-generation, with an improvement of 6-16% (height), 3-26% (dbh) and 20-53% (stem volume). Genetic gains increased with increasing ages for height, but it tended to decrease for dbh and stem volume. At given site and silvicultural practices, projected increase in stand volume at 8 years rotation reached 290-325 m3/ha, which is equal to 30-50% of gains. The uses of high genetically improved seed, in combination with intensive silviculture, would provide significant impacts on plantation productivity and sustainable forestry in Indonesia.
SITE INDEX PREDICTION OF SMALLHOLDER PLANTATIONS OF KAYU BAWANG (Disoxylum mollissimum Blume) IN BENGKULU PROVINCE
Authors: Siahaan Hengki , Sumadi Agus
Published: January 2025

Kayu bawang (Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume) has been planted almost in all districts of  Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, but yet no study has been conducted to analyze the site quality of  this species. This paper studies the site quality of  Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume of  smallholder plantations by establishing 32 permanent sample plots (PSPs) distributed in six districts of Bengkulu Province and measured periodically from 2006 to 2012. Site quality was determined by phytocentric method which used stand dominant height as a indicator. The result shows that the best model for dominant height growth of  Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume in Bengkulu Province was the Schumacher model expressed  by the equation: Ln Ho = (3.06 + ai) – 2.05/A (R2 = 96.5%, Absolute Mean Residual (AMRES) = 0.82 and Average Percentage Difference (APD) =5.03%). The relevant site equation for this species derived from the dominant height growth model was:  Ln Si = Ln H0 – 2.05 (1/12-1/A) for an index age of  12 years. Based on this equation, the sites were classified into 5 classes having an equal range of  3 m i.e. SI < 16 m; 16 m = SI < 19 m; 19 m = SI <  22 m; 22 m = SI < 25 m; and SI = 25 m: for site classes I, II, III, IV, and V representing from the lowest to the highest productivity respectively.
EARLY GROWTH AND STAND VOLUME PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED CLONES OF Eucalyptus pellita
Authors: Setyaji Teguh , Sunarti Sri , Nirsatmanto Arif
Published: January 2025

Using current technologies, several forest plantation companies in Indonesia are pursuing clonal forestry program with E. pellita to increase plantation productivity using selected clones. This paper evaluates the early growth and stand volume productivity of  selected clones of  E. pellita as part of  a breeding program for pulpwood.  Two clonal trials of  E. pellita were established in Central Java with two different plot configurations: single tree-plot and multiple tree-plot. Trial evaluation was done at two years age involving tree height, diameter, stem volume and stand volume. Result show that among the clones there were significant differences for all traits assessed. All of  the tested clones exceeded the control seedling of  F-1 generation by 9-50% for height, 10-36% for diameter and 22-137% for stem volume, respectively. Clonal repeatability ranged from 0.7-0.9, with corresponding individual ramet repeatability ranged from 0.2-0.4.  Overall stand volume productivity at given age reached 15 m³/ha.
IMPACTS, PATTERNS, INFLUENCING FACTORS AND POLICIES OF FUELWOOD EXTRACTION IN WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA
Authors: Rakatama Ari
Published: January 2025

Uncontrolled fuelwood extraction from conservation forest of  Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) could threaten the existing forest. This paper studies the way to tackle the forest degradation in WKNP, with less negative impacts to the local people. Study was conducted by analysing existing data and maps of  WKNP in terms of forest degradation, forest inventories, current policies, survey on how fuelwood is extracted, observation on fuelwood gatherers, fuelwood demand, and identification of  further policy options. Results show that the most significant factors influencing the fuelwood extraction activity in WKNP are land ownership, followed  by the distance to forest area, income level, the number of  household members and age of  household head. In the field, the fuelwood utilization is allowed by WKNP Authority, although it is formally forbidden.It was stated that fuelwood extraction in the area should be less than 2.89 ton/ha/year to maintain its sustainability, based on the mean WNKP forest tree annual increment. The fact shows that fuelwood extraction in WKNP reduces of  forest biomass stock (1.06 tons/ha/year) and decreases species diversity index (from 3.05 to 2.45), species evenness index (from 1.06 to 0.91) and old-young tree ratio (from 1.29 to 1). Ecosystem quality reduction is mainly caused by destructive techniques in extracting fuelwood such as slashing, scratching cambium, and cutting trees.
PRICING STRATEGY FOR QUASI-PUBLIC FOREST TOURISM PARK Case Study in Gunung Pancar Forest Tourism Park, Bogor Indonesia
Authors: Avenzora Ricky , Sunarminto Tutut , Pratiekto Priyono E. , Lee Ju Hyoung
Published: January 2025

The dynamic of 3-parties conflict of interests (investor, local people and government) in having actual income from the nature tourism park business in Indonesia became worse since a “very progressive” Government Regulation on Forestry Related Services Tariff (so called PP 12/2014) was issued. On one hand, everybody agrees to improve the 17 years old tariff regulation of PP 59/1998. On the other hand, the “unclear reason” of the new tariffs in PP 12/2014 has shocked many parties and created many difficulties while implemented. This paper studies visitors’ expenditures and their willingness to pay (WTP) for every recreation services scenario by using contingent valuation method (CVM) survey with open-ended eliciting questionnaire instrument. Regarding the characteristic of Gunung Pancar Forest Tourism Park (GPFTP) the method was used to justify a reasonable and eligible ticket pricing strategy at the GPFTP as a quasi-public recreation park. The survey has also specifically addressed the reasonable ticket-price that aligns with the financial assumption of investor's business plan and local people's economic activities. Results of the survey show that the continuum of visitors’ WTP is ranging from 3.4 times (as the response to scenario-1) up to 12.7 times (as the response to scenario-5) of the recent ticket price. The WTP of scenario-2, 3 and 4 are ranging from 4.7, 6.2 and 7.5 times, respectively. Furthermore, the results of Tobit Regression Analysis show that seven important variables are positively correlated, while six variables are negatively correlated with the WTP.
THE IMPACTS OF INVESTMENT IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR ON THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Sahara Sahara , Nur Arrasyiid Sane Pratinda Wildan , Djaenudin Deden
Published: January 2025

Indonesia has abundant forest resources, reaching 120 million hectares of forest area. However, the forestry sector's contribution to the national economy continues to decline. The low performance of the forestry sector cannot be separated from the limited availability of round-wood materials for its processing industries and insufficient development of the multi-businesses activities among the forestry companies. Therefore, increasing the forestry sector's productivity is necessary through raising investment. This study investigates the impacts of investment in the forestry sector on Indonesian economic performance, including output, income, employment, and import, using the Input-Output (I-O) Model. The results show that investment in the forestry sector will increase output, income, and labour in the forestry sector and its related sectors. However, with the increase in its output, the demand for inputs, including round-wood materials, will also increase, encouraging a rise in imports. Thus, an increase in investment in the forestry sector needs to be balanced with the availability of roundwood materials and other associated inputs in Indonesia. For the follow-up research, it is important to separate the investment into upstream and downstream activities along the forestry value chain and include a regional aspect in the analysis.
Harnessing Computational Approaches for RNA-Targeted Drug Discovery
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, Chen Shi-Jie , Zhou Yuanzhe ,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
Published: January 2025

RNA molecules have emerged as promising therapeutic targets due to their diverse functional and regulatory roles within cells. Computational modeling in RNA-targeted drug discovery presents a significant opportunity to expedite the discovery of novel small molecule compounds. However, this field encounters unique challenges compared to protein-targeted drug design, primarily due to limited experimental data availability and current models’ inability to adequately address RNA’s conformational flexibility during ligand recognition. Despite these challenges, several studies have successfully identified active RNA-targeting compounds using structure-based approaches or quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. This review offers an overview of recent advancements in modeling RNA-small molecule interactions, emphasizing practical applications of computational methods in RNA-targeted drug discovery. Additionally, we survey existing databases that catalog nucleic acid-small molecule interactions. As interest in RNA-small molecule interactions grows and curated databases expand, the field anticipates rapid development. Novel computational models are poised to enhance the identification of potent and selective small-molecule modulators for therapeutic needs.
Applications of Surface Plasmon Resonance for Advanced Studies Involving Nucleic Acids
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA, Pranger Katelynn , Rosas Kenya , Khon Dmitriy ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA, Khisamutdinov Emil ,   Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
Published: January 2025

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is increasingly recognized as one of the most widely used techniques for studying nucleic acid interactions. The main advantage of SPR is its ability to measure the binding affinities and association/dissociation kinetics of complexes in real-time, in a label-free environment, and using relatively small quantities of materials. The method is based on the immobilization of one of the binding partners, ligand, on a dedicated sensor surface. Immobilization is followed by the injection of the other partner, analyte, over the surface containing the ligand. The binding is monitored by subsequent changes in the refractive index of the medium close to the sensor surface upon injection of the analyte. In the field of Nucleic Acid, SPR has been intensively used in the study of various artificial and naturally occurring RNA/DNA molecules interaction with large molecular weight mass proteins and small organic molecules because of its ability to detect highly dynamic complexes that are difficult to investigate using other techniques. This mini review aims to provide a short guideline for setting up SPR experiments to identify nucleic acid complexes and assess their binding affinity or kinetics. It covers protocols for (i) nucleic acid immobilization methods, including biotin-streptavidin, metal ion-based affinity, and amine coupling, (ii) analyte-binding analysis, (iii) affinity and kinetic measurements, and (iv) data interpretation. Determining the affinity and kinetics of nucleic acid interactions through SPR is essential for gaining insights into molecular-level binding mechanisms, thus supporting advancements in nucleic acid nanotechnology. The review also highlights the various sections of SPR applications in nucleic acid research, including nucleic acid-probe immobilization, interactions with biomolecules, aptamer studies, and small molecule binding, concluding with perspectives on future developments in the field.
Conversion of Chemical Drugs into Targeting Ligands on RNA Nanoparticles and Assessing Payload Stoichiometry for Optimal Biodistribution in Cancer Treatment
Authors:   Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Xu Congcong ,   Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,   College of Pharmacy,   and James Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Guo Peixuan ,   James Comprehensive Cancer Canter, College of Medicine. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Yin Hongran , Yudhistira Tesla , Li Zhefeng , Binzel Daniel W ,   Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; and James Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Published: January 2025

Active targeting-mediated nanodelivery takes advantages of ligand-receptor specificity to avoid non-specific distribution, holding great promise for the treatment of a spectrum of diseases. RNA nanoparticles have demonstrated rapid spontaneous tumor targeting and very little organ accumulation due to rapid renal clearance of non-tumor accumulated RNA nanoparticles. However available ligands for specific cells are limited, yet many chemical entities possess receptor targeting capability and remains unexplored. To provide specific tumor accumulation, a multivalent targeting strategy on RNA nanoparticles to control their in vivo fate is implemented. Methotrexate (MTX), a clinically approved chemotherapy was used as a tumor-targeting ligand through conjugation to our RNA nanoparticle with controlled conjugation of various copy numbers. As copies of conjugated MTX increased on the nanoparticle, the specific binding to overexpressed folate receptor was enhanced as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy imaging. Increasing the amounts of conjugated MTX did not significantly change the nanoparticle size, Zeta potential, or cytokine induction. Increased amounts of conjugated MTX resulted in improved cell inhibition due to MTX release following cell internalization. However, increasing conjugated MTX to the RNA nanoparticles reduced the melting temperature of RNA nanoparticles and increased in vitro serum protein binding to the nanoparticles. Thus, in vivo biodistribution profiles of RNA nanoparticles revealed different behaviors based on MTX conjugation in cancer targeting and clearance. Increased copies of MTX changed the ability of nanoparticles to target tumors, accumulate in healthy organs, and rapidly clear through the urine. Nanoparticle design must be closely considered for optimized cancer targeting and therapy, providing the rationale for a proper design of RNA nanodelivery in cancer treatment.
ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՌՈԳՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳԻ ՀՐԱՏԱՊ ԼՈՒԾՈՒՄ ՊԱՀԱՆՋՈՂ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ/The main problems of the irrigation system of The Republic of Armenia that requirement urgent solution
Authors: Khachatryan Ashot
Published: January 2025

According to experts, by 2050 the average temperature in the territory of Armenia will increase by 1.5-2 (according to some estimates up to 4) de-grees, precipitation will decrease by 10%-15%, which will lead to a shortage of fresh water on the one hand, and an increase in the demand for irrigation water on the other. As a result, there is a danger of waters decreasing by 12 million cubic meters per year. In addition, external threats are increasing day by day. Therefore, one of the most pressing and urgent problems for the Armenian economy today and in the coming decades is the issue of increasing the efficiency of the water sector management in the country. It is clearly aimed at continuing to have ir-rigated agriculture (more than 90 percent of our crops grow on irrigated land), otherwise we will very soon have serious problems with food se-curity as well as national security. As a result of the conducted study, it was found that until now the country does not have a strategy appropriate to the current situation, it does not even have a tactic to solve the arising internal problems. The problems in the system are addressed according to European approaches, which has led to the fact that the irrigated agricultural land area has been reduced by more than two if not three times in recent decades. Based on this, recommendations have been made that may be fairly useful in terms of remedying the situation. The article suggests to be as active as possible, and in some sense also "aggressive" in external water relations, while our neighbors, both having and not having a dominant position in these relations, are doing everything to deprive Armenia of water, even ignoring the existing international conventions. The article suggests also using modern technologies, partic-ularly solar panels, to take all available water from rivers and some reser-voirs via pumping stations, no matter how expensive it is. It will provide an opportunity to irrigate tens of thousands of hectares that were irrigated before, but are not currently irrigated due to the high cost of water. On the other hand, the shortest way to accurately and efficiently use ir-rigation water is to carry out hydrometry in the irrigation system using modern ultra-precise water measuring devices, which will bring a drastic change in the situation both in the irrigation system and in the entire agro-industry sector. The possibility of using the results in a number of cases is due to serious financial investments, but according to professional calculations, self-expenditure occurs in just a few years. Therefore, in all cases, their implementation and application is justified. The presence of professional staff is all that is needed to solve some of the problems.
Espacios experimentales para la enseñanza de la biología en la educación universitaria
Authors: Bustos Rusinque Natividad
Published: January 2025

El estudio presenta un análisis sobre la importancia de los espacios experimentales en la enseñanza de la biología en las aulas universitarias, específicamente en la Licenciatura en Educación mención Biología e Ingeniería en Producción Animal. La metodología utilizada fue de enfoque cuantitativo, con una investigación de tipo descriptiva y un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, en una población de veinte (20) estudiantes. La técnica empleada fue una encuesta, complementada con observación. Los resultados revelaron debilidades en la actividad práctica de biología, especialmente en las salidas de campo y el trabajo experimental. Estos hallazgos permitieron sugerir respuestas a los desafíos reales del campo biológico, a través del desarrollo de destrezas con elementos tácticos que fomenten habilidades de pensamiento, observación, análisis, integración, organización, creatividad, toma de decisiones, resolución de problemas, reflexión y evaluación, mediante la planeación de objetivos, ejercicios prácticos, familiarización con fenómenos, actividades ilustrativas, aprendizaje de conceptos e investigaciones.
La inteligencia artificial y el fraude académico en el contexto universitario
Authors: Puche Villalobos Deinny José
Published: January 2025

El estudio surge de la observación creciente del uso de la IA en la educación y la incapacidad de los estudiantes para explicar sus procesos, sugiriendo un uso indebido de la IA en sus trabajos. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el uso de la IA y el fraude académico en el contexto universitario. La metodología fue positivista, con enfoque cuantitativo y de nivel correlacional. Se utilizó un cuestionario virtual, con una confiabilidad de 0.980 y validado por cinco expertos, aplicado a una muestra de 144 docentes tutores (48 de Venezuela, 48 de Colombia y 44 de Perú). Los resultados mostraron una correlación de Pearson de 0.980 entre el uso de la IA y el fraude académico, indicando una relación positiva muy fuerte.
Leer para comprender
Authors: Leal Sulbarán Alexander Javier , Avilés Rangel Adalegnis , Villalobos Fernández Lisbeth
Published: January 2025

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el impacto de los textos narrativos en la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación primaria. La metodología adoptada fue documental, en la que se analizaron 30 documentos sobre la lectura, se exploraron las conexiones entre la lectura placentera y la comprensión lectora, se identificaron las dificultades internas y externas que afectan la lectura, y se evaluaron los beneficios de los textos narrativos. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de los textos narrativos en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora y sugieren estrategias efectivas para su mejora. Concluyendo que la comprensión lectora en estudiantes se ve positivamente influenciada por la exposición a textos narrativos, los cuales fomentan la imaginación, enriquecen el vocabulario, promueven la empatía y estimulan el pensamiento crítico. Además, se identificaron diversas dificultades internas y externas que afectan la comprensión lectora, como la falta de motivación, dificultades cognitivas y un bajo nivel de vocabulario.
Muerte y espectáculo. Pasado y presente Una forma de Museología
Authors: Müller Gras Augusto J.
Published: January 2025

Se realiza un breve racconto histórico de la morgue de París, con sus tres sedes hasta 1927, enfatizando sobre las características de las actividades de exposición de los cuerpos que se realizaron, hasta su clausura en 1907. Se recuerdan algunos casos paradigmáticos de cuerpos exhibidos. Se aportan los comentarios a propósito de esta costumbre, de parte de algunos intelectuales de la época.
The Cognitive Health Risk of Social Isolation Mediated by Dietary Risks: A Study with Older Korean Americans
Authors: Kim Yeonwoo , Lee Ahyoung , Jang Soeun , Jang Yuri
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Building upon the widely known link between social isolation and cognitive health among older adults, we examined the mediating role of dietary risk in older Korean Americans. We anticipate that social isolation increases dietary risk, which in turn leads to the risk
of cognitive impairment. Methods: Drawing data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (N=2,061, mean age = 73 years), we examined the predictive models with social isolation as an exposure, dietary risk as a mediator, and cognitive impairment as an outcome. Results:
Supporting the hypotheses, we found that being isolated was associated with having cognitive impairment and that dietary risk served as an intervening step between social isolation and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the negative impact of social isolation
on cognitive health is through its role in dietary habits and practice. Findings helped our understanding of how social isolation yields cognitive health risks and called attention to dietary risks in cognitive health promotion efforts. Targeted approaches should be taken for older immigrants
who are socially isolated.
Rehabilitación Oral Y Levantamiento De Oclusión Con Articulador Semiajustable
Authors: Machaca Mamani Yilmar , Castro Balderrama Adriana Ruth
Published: January 2025

Un tratamiento de rehabilitación completa de la boca, intenta restaurar la forma y función del aparato masticatorio lo más cerca posible a lo normal, buscando un diagnóstico completo y un plan de tratamiento adecuado para el paciente. La dimensión vertical oclusal puede estar aumentada o disminuida cuando los dientes están en máxima intercuspidación. La relación céntrica se recomienda como única posición aceptable cuando se trata de rehabilitar la boca completa del paciente. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es restaurar las funciones del sistema estomatognático mediante confección de prótesis fija, removible y restauraciones convencionales, restableciendo de esta manera la dimensión vertical alterada, con el uso del articulador semi-ajustable, para simular las posiciones y los movimientos mandibulares fuera de boca, devolviendo estética y función al paciente. Caso: Paciente de 35 años de edad, de sexo femenino, quien acudió a la Clínica Odontológica UNIFRANZ sede El Alto, la paciente presentaba desgaste de las piezas dentarias remanentes y pérdida de soporte posterior, se planteó un plan de tratamiento de aumento de la dimensión vertical oclusal. Se procedió a la rehabilitación oral integral, periodoncia, operatoria, prostodoncia fija y removible. Se tomaron modelos de estudio de caso, y planificación oclusal. El principal desafío fue el levantamiento de oclusión, la desprogramación oclusal con laminillas de Long y montaje en articulador semiajustable, se realizó un encerado diagnóstico y posterior la rehabilitación estética y funcionalidad del aparato masticatorio.
Evaluación de la Calidad en la Atención hospitalaria en el Ecuador: Revisión Sistemática
Authors: Orozco Zavala Dennys Fernando , Orozco Zavala Edgar René , Cedeño Zamora Sebastián Andrés , Almeida Fierro Carlos Iván
Published: January 2025

De acuerdo con la OMS, se entiende a la calidad en salud como el grado en el que los resultados de una atención en salud son positivos en el paciente traduciéndose en satisfacción, donde la misma debe ser de manera segura, eficaz y centrada en la alteración presentada por la persona de manera individualizada. Metodología:  Recopila la información de diferentes bases de datos, tales como Pubmed, Google Académico, ScienceDirect, Scielo y Medline utilizando el método PRISMA y la aplicación de términos booleanos como AND y NOT y términos DeCS. Objetivos: Evaluar la Calidad en la Atención Hospitalaria en el Ecuador. Resultados: Se han identificado un total de 25 establecimientos de salud que han sido evaluados minuciosamente y obteniendo reconocimiento aquellos que superan el 90% de satisfacción en calidad de salud a los pacientes. Conclusiones: En Ecuador, aproximadamente el 80% de los establecimientos tienen puntuaciones que igualan o superan el 90% de satisfacción al momento de brindar atención sanitaria en los principales hospitales del país. Recomendaciones: Mayor inmersión en el campo clínico para brindar más información y relevante tanto a estudiantes, docentes, profesionales en el campo de la salud y población en general con temática relacionada a la calidad en atención sanitaria en el país.
Competencia y cooperación como imágenes en acercamientos evolutivos del comportamiento social
Authors: Abrantes Paulo , Bernal Castro Catherine
Published: January 2025

Resumen. Reconstruimos desde Darwin los intentos por explicar los comportamientos de cooperación y conflicto humanos y su evolución; haciendo explícitas las diferentes “imágenes de naturaleza” que tenían los principales contendientes e implicados en las controversias que engendró este tema. Mostramos que esas imágenes tenían a menudo fundamentos ideológicos, además de ser sugeridas por observaciones (cargadas de teoría) sobre el comportamiento animal que fueron realizadas por naturalistas en entornos ecológicos específicos. Esas imágenes afectaron la comprensión de la “lucha por la existencia”, como condición necesaria para la evolución por selección natural, así como las formas en las que se construyeron los modelos para simular los comportamientos en juego, teniendo en cuenta los niveles en los que se supone actúa la selección.
La filosofía crítica realista postkantiana
Authors: Argañaraz Juan
Published: January 2025

El trabajo expone la conjetura de que existió, durante los s. XIX y XX, una tradición, la Filosofía crítica realista, postkantiana y antiidealista, desdibujada en la historiografía por motivos que se indagan aquí. Realismo crítico (Herbart), empirismo crítico (Mach) y racionalismo crítico (Popper-Lakatos) serían eslabones de esta tradición. La aceptación provisional de tal hipótesis, genera una interesante reconsideración conceptual e historiográfica de la Filosofía general y especialmente de la Filosofía de la ciencia. Suponiendo cierta esta conjetura, divergencias conocidas entre autores - Helmholtz Popper sobre el inductivismo por ejemplo -, podrían releerse como discusiones internas a ella. Obras y autores que se critican entre sí, como Fleck a Mach o Lakatos a Popper, podrían considerarse ensayos para mejorar la racionalidad, el empirismo o el realismo críticos.  El mismo “giro historicista” de Kuhn y Lakatos cobraría otro sentido, una ‘restauración historicista’ más que un giro - en la tradición de Goethe, Mach, Duhem, Fleck -, ya que la investigación historiográfica fue desatendida por el Círculo de Viena y Popper pero era programática en aquellos.
El “Giro Transnacional” y el “Giro Espacial” en la Historia de la Ciencia
Authors: Durán Maturana Yonatan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to present some “turns” (the transnational and the spatial) that emerged in the context of criticism of the traditional historiography of science; approaches structured by the idea of circulation which, incidentally, has become a resource of analysis by showing how science has been a process in which scientists from different latitudes have participated in a global process of circulation of scientific knowledge. The scheme I follow is this: in the first moment (sections 2 and 3) of a purely expository nature, I present the two “turns”, maintaining circulation as the common thread.  In the second moment (section 4) I interpret them, proposing the circulation of scientific knowledge as the foundation of the supra-individual (if you will, collective) nature of scientific activity, while proposing a (generic) methodological scheme to study circulation in the sciences.
A assistência de enfermagem no processo de humanização de pacientes atendidos na unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão de literatura de 2019 a 2024.
Authors: Renato Jayme , Rosa João Victor
Published: January 2025

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, o papel da enfermagem na humanização da assistência ao paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs). Foram avaliadas publicações de 2019 a 2024, considerando aspectos técnicos, emocionais, espirituais e psicossociais do cuidado. Os resultados apontaram que a humanização ultrapassa a dimensão clínica, englobando práticas como flexibilização de visitas, acolhimento familiar e suporte espiritual. Desafios como sobrecarga de trabalho e a necessidade de capacitação contínua foram destacados, reforçando a importância de investimentos na formação profissional e na melhoria das condições de trabalho. Concluiu-se que a humanização é indispensável para promover um cuidado integral e de qualidade aos pacientes e seus familiares no ambiente de UTI.
Memorias del Primer Encuentro del Laboratorio de Ideasdel Centro de Estudios en Ciencias y Humanidades.
Authors: Centro de Estudios en Ciencias y Humanidades
Published: January 2025

Opening spaces for dialogue and discussion on topics relevant to the interests of the researchers at the C.E.C.y H., and pertinent to academic and research deliberation, is one of the objectives of the Center for Studies in Sciences and Humanities. In pursuit of this goal, the Center’s Ideas Lab was established, with its first meeting held on May 6, 2016.This, the first report of the Ideas Lab, is published in the Revista Ciencias y Humanidades, the scientific dissemination journal – the firstborn of the CECyH – with the aim of contributing to the discussion of academic topics and helping to sustain intellectual debate.