bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors among First-Year Medical, Dentistry and Health Sciences Students in Turkey
Authors:   Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine Public Health Ünalan District, Üsküdar, Istanbul/Turkey, 34700, İkiışık Hatice
Published: December 2021

This cross-sectional study, in which the first-year findings of a prospective followup study were presented, was conducted with 356 students enrolled in the firstyear of three faculties at a state university in Istanbul between November 1st and December 31st, 2019. With this study, it was aimed to evaluate the changes in certain healthy lifestyle behaviors, risky behaviors and depression levels of students enrolled at the different faculties of a public university in Istanbul during their university life. The data were obtained through a questionnaire of 65 questions, and the Beck Depression Inventory, which consisted of 21 questions. They were administered under supervision by providing preliminary information to the students. The mean body mass index, mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure values of the students were 23.23 + 4.1, 108.97 + 15.21 and 66.98 + 10.08, respectively. The mean daily sleep time was 6.77 + 1.21 hours, the mean TV viewing time was 0.77 + 1.13 hours, and the mean time they spent with a smartphone, tablet or computer was 3.67 + 2.50 hours. Among the students, 37.07% were smokers, 26.12% consumed alcohol, and 4.77% used addictive substances. Of the students, 31.46% considered themselves at risk for depression. At the universities, there is a need for the implementation of health promotion programs focusing on promoting physical activity and healthy nutrition and reducing risky behaviors. In addition, these programs should be strengthened with the trainings on changing behaviors.
Life Experiences and Coping Mechanisms among Breast Cancer Patients in an Urban Malaysian Hospital: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia., Ismail Zarini
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer is top-ranking cancer that affects the quality of life among women in Malaysia. Although it is very difficult to define the quality of life (QoL) precisely, it has a broad concept that affects global life satisfaction, which includes good health, adequate housing, employment, personal and family safety, interrelationships, education, and leisure pursuits. In this study, we aimed to discuss the life changes upon being diagnosed with breast cancer and their perception of social support. We also discussed the spirituality factor in patients’ coping mechanism with their health condition. This study was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The perception of social support, quality of life, and religiosity factor is discussed through the perspectives of nine breast cancer patients with an interview consisting of semi-structured questions. Basic interpretive qualitative methodology was applied to analyse the perception of social support and religiosity factor as a coping mechanism. The results showed that all the breast cancer patients reported good social support from family and friends except for one patient. Five themes were identified, namely patterns of life, supportive atmosphere, decision making and confidence, expectation, as well as psychological defences and spirituality. Seven out of nine patients reported that their religion helped them to cope with the disease by maintaining self-esteem, providing a sense of meaning and purpose, giving emotional comfort, and providing a sense of hope. In conclusion, social support and religious factor are very important in the lives of breast cancer patients in dealing with their health condition.
The Scientific Contribution of Malaysia’s Researchers in the Field of Endodontics Based on Scopus Database: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors:   Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia., Lin Galvin Sim Siang
Published: December 2021

Bibliometric analyses of academic output are critical in assessing a country’s scientific performance and have ignited significant interest in recent days. However, no such study has been conducted in the field of dentistry, specifically endodontics, among Malaysia’s researchers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the publication output among researchers in Malaysia dedicating to endodontics based on the Scopus database and analyse the characteristics of selected articles as well as the publishing patterns. An electronic search based on the Scopus® database was performed from January 2001 to February 2021. Only English language articles with the first author’s affiliation from Malaysia were selected and the following parameters were extracted: title, authors, number of authors, affiliation, journal, year of publication, type of article, source, thematic categories, keywords, and number of citations. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel software complemented by Pearson’s Chi-square and Pearson Correlation tests at 0.05 significance level. There were 119 articles included with the top-cited article received 69 citations. A total of 15 authors have 2 or more articles published, with the International Endodontic Journal published the most. Furthermore, more than half of the articles were published in Q1 and Q2 journals. Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial growth (P<0.05) in the number of articles and cumulative citations, with a significant correlation (P=0.038) between them. Besides, the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Universiti Sains Malaysia published the most articles, with the bulk of them being basic research on endodontic materials. In conclusion, the rise in scientific publications suggests an increasing interest in endodontics among Malaysia’s researchers.
Payment Methods and Patient Satisfaction among Type-2 Diabetes Patient at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ismail Aniza
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a costly chronic disease related to medication, physician consultation and laboratory investigation. The main means of financing healthcare include direct out-of-pocket (OOP) payment and government subsidisation in some countries, or public/private health insurance schemes, or a mix of all. Patient satisfaction is critical in ensuring the use of healthcare services, continuity of care and treatment adherence. In this study, we determined the satisfaction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients regarding the healthcare services and payment methods at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Teaching Hospital, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study involved 313 T2DM patients aged ≥18 years who were included after clinical consultations. We used convenience sampling at the outpatient and inpatient medical centres of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz and UKM Specialist Centre. A survey consisting of sociodemographic, socioeconomic and payment method types as well as a validated patient satisfaction questionnaire scale were used. The mean age was 59.6 years (SD=13.151), 53.0% of the patients were female, 78.3% were Malay, 76.4% were uninsured, 39.6% were covered by government subsidies, while 36.7% paid OOP. Around 86% were generally satisfied with the overall services. Patients were most satisfied with technical quality (84%), communication skills (83%) and accessibility (80%), but satisfaction was lower in doctors’ service orientation, particularly the interpersonal manner (73%), financial aspect (73%) and time spent with the doctor (70%). Over 86% of patients were satisfied with healthcare services and payment methods; however, patients who paid OOP reported low satisfaction. Full insurance and extending benefits to partially cover both inpatients and outpatients with low co-payment is recommended to increase satisfaction.
The Translation and Validation of The Smartphone Use Questionnaire (SUQ) Into The Malay Language
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Wahab Suzaily
Published: December 2021

Interruptions caused by frequent smartphone use steals attention away from daily activities, bringing serious implications onto an individual’s health, safety and education. Smartphone Use Questionnaire (SUQ) is a 20-item questionnaire developed to assess the pattern of smartphone use and its effect on attention. This study was done to translate and validate the Malay-language version of the SUQ and to measure the psychometric properties of the Malay-version SUQ to justify its use in Malaysia. A forward and back-translation was done by four individuals, who were three physicians and one linguist. Content and face validity was done involving three experts who were a linguist, psychiatrist and epidemiologist. Psychometric testing was conducted on a sample of 195 individuals proficient in the Malay language. A construct validity test was performed using factor analysis and the internal reliability was tested by calculating for the Cronbach’s Alpha. The age range of the sample was 13-59 years, most of which were female and of the Malay race. Using principal component analysis with direct oblimin rotation, the factor analysis extracted two components similar to the original study: General Use and Absent-Minded Use. However, question number 20 was grouped into General Use component, whereas in the original study it was under the Absent- Minded Use component. The Cronbach’s Alpha for the obtained components was 0.884 and 0.927, respectively. This study found that the Malay-version SUQ was a valid and reliable instrument for use in Malaysia in assessing inattention associated with smartphone use.
Development of Social Media Addiction Scale for COVID-19 Pandemic (SMACOP)
Authors:   Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Chong Guan Ng
Published: December 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic and ‘new normal’ has resulted in much distress worldwide. Social media currently plays an essential role in information gathering. Thus, time spent on social media has increased drastically, further increasing the risk for internet-related addictions, such as social media addiction. This study aimed to develop a COVID-19-related measure of social media addiction based on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) in order to aid in the identification and evaluation of at-risk individuals. Social Media Addiction Scale for COVID-19 Pandemic (SMACOP) was adapted from BSMAS to fit the context of COVID-19 and pilot tested on 20 individuals. A total of 80 participants were subsequently recruited through convenience sampling from the general public of a public university in Malaysia, comprising of patients’ family, visitors, or hospital staff. Construct validity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9). A two-factor structure was found for SMACOP, comprising of the factors ‘Desire’ and ‘Distress’. SMACOP shows good internal consistency (α = 0.64) and validity. SMACOP scores were positively correlated with the PHQ9, GAD7, and ISI (p<.01). SMACOP is a psychometrically valid instrument with high internal consistency, which is especially useful during this time in assessing social media addiction in relevance to COVID-19.
Psychotropic Polypharmacy among Elderly Patients with Mental Illness in a Malaysian University Hospital: A 10-Year Review of Hospital Databases
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Sy-Cherng Woon Luke
Published: December 2021

Psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly patients is problematic due to their multiple comorbidities. This study investigated psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly patients discharged from a Malaysian university hospital and its associated factors. Discharges of patients aged 65 years or above from the psychiatric wards from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Sociodemographic data, length of stay (LOS), psychiatric and other diagnoses, and psychotropic prescription upon discharge were extracted from electronic databases. Multiple logistic regression was conducted with age, gender, race, marital status, main psychiatric diagnosis, LOS, and the number of medical comorbidities as independent variables, and polypharmacy (>2 psychotropics) as the dependent variable. There were 354 discharges in this period. The mean age was 72.4 years (SD=5.9 years); 63.0% were female and 39.8% were Malays. Most were married (84.2%). The commonest category of psychiatric diagnosis was mood disorders (54.5%). A total of 76.8% of the discharges involved one or more medical comorbidities. The median number of psychotropics was two, with 38.1% prescribed three or more psychotropics. In the multiple regression model, female gender, Malay race, and being married were significantly associated with psychotropic polypharmacy. Sociocultural factors may contribute to psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly patients. Such factors require further investigations to elucidate their roles.
The Effectiveness of Non-clozapine Antipsychotics Combined with Electroconvulsive Therapy versus Clozapine Combined with Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Ittasakul Pichai
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of other atypical antipsychotics (non-clozapine) plus electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (NC+ECT) versus clozapine plus ECT (C+ECT) for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Data of 32 patients with TRS who was receiving ECT were analysed. We compared clinical characteristics, response to treatment [defined as an improvement of 40% in the Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS) psychotic symptom subscale from pretreatment scores], change of Mini-mental Status Exam (MMSE) scores, and other adverse effects between the NC+ECT group (N= 16) and C+ECT group (N =16). We found that the overall response rate was 65.6% (75.8% for the NC+ECT group and 56.3% for the C+ECT group, p=0.26). The overall BPRS score in both groups decreased significantly. The mean difference in total BPRS psychotic subscale score between pre-ECT and after last ECT was 10.4 + 5.8 (p<0.001) for the NC+ECT group and 6.6 + 7.3 (p = 0.002) for the C+ECT group. When comparing the NC+ECT group to the C+ECT group, the mean difference in total BPRS psychotic subscale score was not significant. (p = 0.104). The mean difference in MMSE score between pre-ECT and after the last ECT was -1.1 + 5.1 (p =0.45) for the NC+ECT group and 0.2 + 4.3 (p=0.855) for the C+ECT group. The change of MMSE score in the NC+ECT group was not significant different compare to the C+ECT group (p = 0.461). We concluded the combination of antipsychotics and ECT is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with TRS. Other NC+ECT groups’ efficacy may be comparable to that of clozapine plus ECT.
Subaponeurotic Fluid Collection (SFC) in an Infant
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Ismail Ahmad Khaldun
Published: December 2021

Subaponeurotic fluid collection is an infrequent cause of scalp swelling in infants. We report a 10-week-old male who had a scalp swelling for five days without any recent history of head injury. There was a soft, mobile, non-tender, transilluminating, fluctuant swelling over posterior parieto-occipital area and it was not limited by suture lines. Cranial ultrasonography showed a subaponeurotic collection at the posterior parieto-occipital area without definite communication with the intracranial space or the brain parenchyma. This infant was treated conservatively. The swelling resolved spontaneously after 4 weeks. The lack of awareness of some doctors in the Emergency Department about this condition may lead to unnecessary investigations, ward admission and intervention. It is hoped that this case report will provide emergency health care professionals the confidence to make accurate diagnosis and treat patient with subaponeurotic fluid collection optimally.
Governmentality, the Local State, and the Commons: An Analysis of Civic Management Facilities in Barcelona
Authors: Pera Marina , Bianchi Iolanda
Published: December 2021

This article deploys the Foucauldian concept of governmentality to study the political tensions that may unfold when commons are enacted through hybrid institutional configurations. We focus on civic management facilities (CMFs) that are located in the city of Barcelona. These are facilities owned by Barcelona City Council which, responding to organised citizens’ demands, are transferred to them so that they can develop their own transformative projects for the community. The hybrid institutional nature of these CMFs makes it impossible for them to avoid maintaining a relationship with the local state. Based on a survey to 51 CMFs, semi‐structured interviews with 41 grassroots members of CMFs and seven semi‐structured interviews with public employees and politicians, we argue that hybrid forms of commons lead to the development of political tensions. On the one hand, we show how the local state’s administrative procedures—to do with accountability and the use of public space—reshape the activities of the CMFs, leading to the depoliticisation of their transformative projects. On the other hand, the analysis also presents the strategies of resistance articulated by the facilities, which enable members to work towards the development of their transformative aims. We conclude that such political tensions cannot be resolved but must be properly governed in order to make the commons’ transformative project an enduring one.
Ramsey Hunt syndrome in the child: case report and treatment approach
Authors: Shakaryan A. K. , Mitrofanova I. V. , Shakhgildyan S. V.
Published: December 2021

Herpes zoster is a manifestation of the reactivation of an infection after chickenpox. One of the manifestations of herpes zoster is Ramsey Hunt syndrome, which develops when the ganglion of the VII pair of cranial nerves is involved in process. Diagnosis of Ramsey Hunt syndrome is often based on a combination of a rash in the outer ear and peripheral paresis of the facial muscles. The article describes a rare clinical case of herpes zoster in a child without clinical signs of immunodeficiency, with the development of unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles, pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Therapy was performed with a combination of acyclovir and high doses of methylprednisolone with a good clinical effect. It is first mentioning of deviations in the immune status (decreased concentration of the number of markers of naive T‑lymphocytes (TREC)) were revealed, which could be associated with the development of herpes zoster in a child.
Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) in a child with ataxia and diplopia
Authors: Os Erim van , Nijhuis Malou , Malm Stephan
Published: December 2021

We report the case of a 15-year-old boy with clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS). He presented with diplopia and ataxia and his cerebrospinal fluid showed mild pleocytosis and elevated protein. MRI demonstrated a reversible splenial lesion in the corpus callosum. He did not receive any treatment and recovered quickly within two weeks. Results of neurological examination after 3 months were completely normal. MERS is relatively unknown in Europe. The majority of patients are reported in East Asia. This post-infectious encephalitis/encephalopathy arises soon after the onset of symptoms. The prognosis is excellent and most patients recover completely without neurological sequelae. MRI typically shows a reversible splenial lesion with diffusion restriction and without contrast enhancement, sometimes with adjacent symmetrical lesions extending into the subcortical white matter. The pathogenesis is still unknown. Recognition of the condition and its clinic-radiological discrimination from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may prevent unnecessary treatment.
Installation for studying the parameters of localiInstallation for studying the parameters of localization of an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide of variable cross-section in the framework of the predictions of the 5-D extended space modelzation of an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide of variable cross-section in the framework of the predictions of the 5-D extended space model
Authors:   Prokhorov General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciencesral Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsipenyuk Dmitry Yu. , Derzhavin Sergey I. ,   Prokhorov General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kravchenko Yaroslav V. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the creation and testing of an experimental setup for studying the parameters of localization of electromagnetic microwave radiation with a power of 0.001-0.004 W in the range of 36.0-79.0 GHz when propagating radiation in metal waveguides of variable cross-section. Measurements will also be carried out under conditions of filling the waveguide with dielectric materials with refractive indices from 1.46 to 4.0 for microwave radiation of the specified range. The installation is designed to measure the parameters of the localization of microwave radiation when it passes through a waveguide of variable cross-section, filled with materials with different refractive indices. Interpretation of the results will be carried out within the framework of the 5-D extended space model (ESM). The extended space model is formulated in (1+4)-dimensional space time-coordinate-interval. An additional spatial coordinate in the ESM is the interval. In the conjugate 5-D space, the energy-momentum-mass interval in the ESM corresponds to mass. In the ESM formalism, the question of the appearance of a nonzero variable mass in a photon and its localization under the influence of an external field is studied.
Investigation of thin films for fabrication of Nb/AlN/NbN tunnel junctions and microstrip lines of NbTiN-SiO2-Al.
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekushkin Artem M. , Filippenko Lyudmila V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kashin Vadim V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fominskiy Mikhail Yu. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koshelets Valery P. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The surface of thin films of Nb, Al, NbTiN, SiO2, Al2O3 is investigated in this work. These films are necessary for the fabrication of high-sensitive devices of THz range. The fabrication processes of such devices are described briefly. All films were fabricated using a Kurt J. Lesker magnetron sputtering system. The study of the film surface roughness was carried out using a Bruker Ikon atomic force microscope. The surface quality of films is determined not only deposition mode, but plasma etching process also. The best values of the root-mean-square deviation of the surface profile Rq = 2 nm were obtained for the used NbTiN film with a thickness of 325 nm. Thin Al-layers that is used for tunnel barrier formation is studied. It is shown than Al films with a thickness of more than 6 nm are already continuous. The surface roughness of the single-layer and multilayer films has been studied.
Passive Measurements of the Refractive Index of Liquid Nitrogen and Free-flowing substances by the Prism Method in the Millimeter Wavelength Range
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino Branch, Golunov Valery A. , Gordeev Konstantin V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino Branch, Rykov Konstantin N. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino Branch
Published: December 2021

It is proposed to use the classical prism method in the millimeter wavelength range for measuring the refractive index of liquid and free-flowing substances, including mixtures with particle sizes comparable to the wavelength. The method is implemented using a hollow radio transparent rectangular prism filled with a test substance. The measurements were carried out in the thermal radiation mode using radiometers with horn-lens antennas at frequencies of 37.5 and 94 GHz. To measure the deflection of the refracted beam, a linear scanner with a black body mounted on it, cooled with liquid nitrogen, was used. The distance between the prism and the scanner was 1 m. The refractive index of liquid nitrogen, sand, gravel, marble chips and granular polyethylene were measured. Using the refractive formula and the Landau-Lifshitz-Looeng formula for calculating the dependence of the refractive index of binary mixtures on the bulk density of particles, estimates of the refractive index of the material of the particles that make up the substances under study are obtained. They are in satisfactory agreement with the known experimental data for quartz, feldspar, granite, and marble.
Simulation of the characteristics of low-voltage gates on combined cylindrical surrounding gate field-effect nanotransistors
Authors:   Research Institute of System Researches of Russian Academy of Sciences, Masalsky Nikolae V.
Published: December 2021

The applicability of the architecture of a nanoscale surrounding gate field-effect transistor with a combined cylindrical working area for low-voltage applications is discussed. At the same time, the licensed TCAD Sentaurus instrument and technological modeling system is used as a tool. The transistor architecture under consideration involves combining the working zones of n-channel and p-channel transistors with one common gate. At the same time, the efficiency of suppressing short-channel effects is maintained and a high level of transistor current is provided in the strong inversion mode. Based on this architecture, a TCAD model of the NAND gate has been developed, the design of which contains two independent surrounding gates one combined working area. The use of the proposed gate architecture makes it possible to reduce the number of required transistor structures per gate by three times. This leads to a decrease in the switched capacity and power dissipation. From the simulation results, the gate geometric parameters with a working area length of 25 nm and a diameter of 8.5 nm, which can function at control voltages of 0.5 V in the frequency range up to 20 GHz with high gain, are determined. The switching time delay is 0.81 ps. The TCAD model of a half-adder is developed in the basis 2NAND. According to the simulation results, the efficiency of the prototype, which performs binary code addition operations with a delay of 4.2 ps at a supply voltage of 0.5 V and a frequency of 20 GHz, is shown. The obtained results create a theoretical basis for the synthesis of low-voltage complex functional blocks with high performance and minimal occupied area, which meets modern requirements for digital applications.
Structure and electrical conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol films with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cured in a magnetic field
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanovsk branch, Vasin Sergey V. , Nizametdinov Azat M. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanovsk branch, Sergeev Viacheslav A. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanovsk branch, Efimov Michael S. ,   Ulyanovsky State Technical University
Published: December 2021

The results of the study of the effect of the permanent magnetic field of a neodymium magnet on the polymerization process and the electrophysical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films with the inclusion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are presented. When studying the morphology of films using a scanning electron microscope, it was found that nanocomposite films with a thickness of 30 microns, cured in the presence of a magnetic field with the direction of the magnetic induction vector perpendicular to the surface of the films, have a homogeneous structure, while a significant number of MWCNTs agglomerations are observed in control samples of films. Measurements of the conductivity of films in the direction of the MWCNTs orientation at direct and alternating current showed that the conductivity of films obtained in a magnetic field significantly (by almost two orders of magnitude) exceeds the conductivity of control samples. The obtained results are analyzed on the basis of known models of electrical conductivity of nanocomposites with oriented MWCNTs. The degree of orientation of the MWCNTs during the curing of films in a magnetic field is estimated, taking into account the increase in the viscosity of the nanocomposite during the curing process.
Influence of different types of solvents on morphology, optical and conductive properties of PCBM films
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Krokhina Olga A. , Podolsky Nikita E. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Tyutyunik Andrey S. ,   Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Gurchenko Vladimir S. ,   Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the influence of various types of solvents on the spectral characteristics and conductive properties of films [6,6]-methyl phenyl-C61-butyric acid, precipitated from solutions. It is clearly shown that the effect of the nature of the solvent affects the morphology of the film surface. Analysis of the spectra of the optical range showed the presence of a maximum of the absorption coefficient in the frequency range of 340-490 nm. The calculation of the optical bandgap clearly demonstrates the possibility of modernizing the atomic structure of films by using various types of solvents. A study of the current-voltage characteristics showed the presence of a photocurrent in carbon films deposited with dichloromethane, toluene, and chloroform.
Hybrid superconducting heterostructures with magnetic interlayers
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Constantinian Karen Y. , Ovsyannikov Gennady A. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shadrin Anton V. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kislinski Yulii V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrzhik Andrey M. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalaboukhov Alexei S. ,   Chalmers University of Technology
Published: December 2021

Electron transport processes in oxide superconducting heterostructures with epitaxially grown magnetic thin-film interlayers, in which the interaction of superconducting correlations and magnetic ordering occurs due to superconducting and magnetic proximity effects, have been studied experimentally. Hybrid mesa-heterostructures were prepared from thin-film bottom cuprate superconductor (S), magnetic (M) interlayer made of manganite or an antiferromagnetic cuprate, and the upper electrode made from an ordinary superconductor. When the cuprate antiferromagnetic material was replaced by a ferromagnetic manganite interlayer, the superconducting current was suppressed, although the thin magnetic film was several times thinner, 5 nm, and the temperature was lowered to 0.3 K. At low temperatures dependences of differential resistance vs. voltage for mesa-heterostructures with manganite interlayer featured mini-gap low-energy states.
Spin current and spin magnetoresistance of the heterostructure iridate/manganite interface
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ovsyannikov Gennady A. , Constantinian Karen Y. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shmakov Vladislav A. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shadrin Anton V. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kislinski Yulii V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreev Nikolay V. ,   National Research Technological University "MISiS", Milovich Filipp O. ,   National Research Technological University "MISiS", Orlov Andrey P. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lega Peter V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences The paper presents the results of fabrication and structural study of SrIrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures. The results of experimental studies of the spin current arising in the regime of ferromagnetic resonance are presented. The spin-orbit interaction present in 5d-oxides of transition metals, which is SrIrO3, provides an effective conversion of spin current to charge current due to the inverse spin Hall effect. The angular dependence of spin magnetoresistance makes it possible to determine the angle of the spin Hall effect.
Joint transmutation of stable Cs and Sr isotopes in microbiological systems and prospects for accelerated deactivation of liquid radioactive waste
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kornilova Alla A. , Vysotskii Vladimir I. ,   Shevchenko Kiev National University, Gaydamaka Sergey N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gladchenko Marina A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

It was found during the research that in the experimental and control bioreactors, which at the beginning of the experiments contained only cesium and strontium, by the end of the experiments, yttrium and barium were found. These isotopes are formed as a result of low-energy nuclear reactions involving protons. In addition, in experimental bioreactors with an optimal composition, a two to threefold increase in the concentration of yttrium was recorded in comparison with the control non-optimal experiments. Accumulation of strontium and cesium in biomass was registered, which is explained by the process of biosorption. It is known that biosorption is the first step towards nuclear transformation (biotransmutation). At the same time, one of the main conditions for the nuclear transformation of biomass elements is its maximum efficient growth. An unexpected fact discovered during the experiment is that yttrium and barium were also found in the control bioreactor, where no biomass was added before the experiment, but only deionized water, glucose, and the initial stable cesium and strontium salts. It is important to note that these elements were not detected in the analysis of the initial salts, substrates, and deionized water. Most likely, the presence of yttrium and barium is due to inoculation of the control fluid of the bioreactor (where no biomass pellets were added) with microorganisms from the experimental bioreactors during their periodic opening for taking current pH samples and adding glucose. Also, the work recorded a decrease in the content of cesium and strontium in the liquid by 20% and 55%, respectively, which goes beyond the statistical error.
High-Temperature Single-Electron Transistors Based on Molecules and Small Nanoparticles.
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Soldatov Evgeny S.
Published: December 2021

The material of the defense of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences – the first in Russia doctoral dissertation on molecular singe-electronics is presented. The relevance of the development, creation and research of single-electron transistorswith high charge energy and operating temperature for the creation of fundamentally new nanoelectronic devices applicable in wide practice and ensuring breakthrough research in various fields is noted, the necessity of using quantum dots (molecules/nanoparticles) of atomic-molecular scale for this is shown, the formulation of the research problems is formulated, the physical and technological methods of fabrication and analysis used are listed, the main results of the work are presented and their significance for the development of highly sensitive sensing, quantum informatics and quantum metrology is discussed.
40 years of the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of SB RAS
Authors:   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov Boris N. , Kuzmin Vladimir I. ,   Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Information on the organization and activities of the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is presented. Its scientific directions are highlighted, the results of fundamental scientific and applied research, participation in the creation of technologies for deep processing of mineral and organic resources of Siberia, hydrocarbons and biomass, organization of the development of the scientific potential of the region, international cooperation are noted.
In Memory of George A. Martynov
Authors:   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rodnikova Margarita N. , Malenkov George G. ,   Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Provided information about the deceased Georgy Aleksandrovich Martynov - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Surface Forces of the A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a prominent specialist in the field of the theory of liquid state and surface phenomena: basic biographical data, training at the Faculty of Physics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, work at the Institute of Building Physics, defense of candidate (technical) and doctoral (physical and mathematical) dissertations, authorship of more than two hundred scientific papers, three monographs, membership in academic councils, participation and organization of Russian and international conferences and seminars, editorial staff in scientific journals, leadership of doctoral and master's theses.
Paleolithic Personal Ornaments from Xiaogushan Cave: The Formation of Early Symbolism and Its Regional Features in Northeast China
Authors:   Amur State University, Zabiyako A. P. , Wang Junzheng ,   Amur State University
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты сравнительного изучения украшений из пещеры Сяогушань в межрегиональном и региональном контексте формирования поведения современного типа. Сяогушань — палеолитическая и неолитическая стоянка Северо-Восточного Китая. В ее верхнепалеолитических слоях выявлены не только орудия периода раннего верхнего палеолита, но и украшения — подвески из зубов животных и декорированный диск из кости. Дата стоянки является предметом дискуссии; обнаруженные в слоях 2 и 3 украшения отнесены к периоду ок. 30 тыс. л.н. Установлено, что эти предметы и другие костяные изделия (гарпун, иглы, остроконечник), а также особенности каменной индустрии и технологии обработки камня отражают локальный процесс перехода от среднего к верхнему палеолиту. Большое внимание уделяется выявлению признаков сходства между украшениями из Сяогушань и подвесками верхнего палеолита из других регионов Евразии и Северного Китая. Материалы стоянки Сяогушань представляют поведение современного типа в период перехода от среднего к верхнему палеолиту, являются одним из важных маркеров распространения верхнепалеолитических новаций из центров их возникновения к периферии. Общность обитателей пещеры Сяогушань первой из известных в Северо-Восточном Китае формирует верхнепалеолитическую культуру, которая демонстрирует производственные навыки и символическое поведение человека, соответствующие раннему верхнему палеолиту. Подвески стоянки Сяогушань, отражая общие тенденции, обнаруживают локальные особенности развития символического поведения на востоке Евразии.
A Multidisciplinary Study of Burnt Deposits at Surungur, Fergana Valley, Southern Kyrgyzstan
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dedov I. Е. , Kulakova Е. P. ,   Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shashkov М. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhdanov А. А. ,   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Parkhomchuk Е. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Center for Collective Use, Novosibirsk State University, Chargynov Т. ,   Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, Shnaider S. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Пеплосодержащие прослои являются важным источником информации о быте древнего человека, их изучение позволяет реконструировать размеры, интенсивность использования, функциональность древних кострищ, а также определить типы топлива, использовавшегося для поддержания огня. В статье приводятся результаты междисциплинарного изучения пеплосодержащих прослоев и вмещающих отложений многослойного голоценового памятника Сурунгур, расположенного в Ферганской долине на юге Кыргызстана. Методами петромагнитных исследований, газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии и рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа изучены 16 образцов из пепловых и межпепловых отложений. Данные петромагнитного анализа всех образцов из пепловых прослоев указывают на антропогенное происхождение последних. Реконструированы типы топлива, использовавшегося во время функционирования стоянки. Установлено, что период ее первоначального заселения приходится на ранний голоцен, вмещающие отложения связаны, скорее всего, с недолговременными посещениями стоянки; топливом для кострищ служили дерево и травы/навоз. В среднем голоцене происходило активное обживание стоянки: зафиксированы максимальные температурные прогревы отложений, высокая концентрация пепловых прослоев; топливом были дерево и травы/навоз. В период позднего голоцена площадка под скальным навесом так же активно использовалась человеком, однако температурные прогревы не были столь значительными; топливом служили дерево и травы/навоз. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что древесная растительность была доступна человеку в изучаемом регионе в период голоцена.
Handles of Early Iron Age Cauldrons from Southwestern Siberia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borodovsky A. P.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена характеристике ручек котлов из цветного металла эпохи раннего железа, найденных на юге Западной Сибири, и интерпретации их ритуального значения. Типологические особенности ручек (выступы на поверхности, аркообразная или подквадратная форма) являются датирующими признаками котлов. Среди находок выделены две хронологические группы: тагарского (середина I тыс. до н.э. — конец I тыс. до н.э.) и хунно-сяньбийского (рубеж I тыс. до н.э. -I тыс. н.э.) времени. В зависимости от контекста обнаружения ручек металлических котлов возможны различные интерпретации. В поселенческих комплексах (Туруновка-4) и некоторых кладах (Первый Джиримский) эпохи палеометалла они могут быть частью литейного лома, связанного с производственной деятельностью. Однако ручки котлов встречаются в долговременных культовых комплексах (Айдашенская пещера). Такой ритуальный контекст позволяет расширить интерпретацию кладов с этими предметами. Возможно, некоторые из них имели культовый характер, поскольку в хуннское время в восточно-европейских лесостепях достаточно часто фиксируется ритуал намеренного захоронения ручек котлов. Такие находки чаще всего локализуются у различных водных источников, где располагались летние стоянки кочевых скотоводов. Аналогичная ситуация наблюдается на территории юга Западной Сибири от Барабинской лесостепи до долины среднего Енисея.
The Pazyryk Style
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polosmak N. V.
Published: December 2021

В статье обосновывается положение о том, что отдельные элементы сходства между предметами быта, одежды, вооружения, представленные в погребальных комплексах пазырыкцев Алтая и жителей Синьцзянских оазисов (могильники Субаши, Янхай, Джумбулак Кум, Вупу, Зангхонлук) и южных склонов Алтайских гор, не могут являться свидетельствами их культурного единства. Похожие черты в базовых вещах указывают только на территориальную близость и существовавшие между этими людьми контакты. В качестве более значимых культуроопределяющих признаков предлагается рассматривать украшения людей, предметов быта и вооружения, упряжи коней, а также татуировки, которые было бы правильнее назвать опознавательными знаками. Доказывается, что каждый член пазырыкского общества, от мала до велика, обладал набором внешних признаков, отличавшим его от соседей. К этому набору относятся украшения — на его теле, одежде, головном уборе, поясе, коне. Традиция резьбы по дереву, достигшая высокого мастерства у носителей па-зырыкской культуры, давала возможность создавать для всех членов общества равноценные по значимости украшения, благодаря им, а также татуировкам образ каждого пазырыкца был узнаваемым. Предлагается ввести понятие «пазырыкский стиль», под которым понимается единство всех элементов культуры. Сделан вывод о том, что «пазырыкский стиль» является наиболее точным выражением этой культуры, хотя ее носители по образу жизни, системе жизнеобеспечения и др. могут совершенно не отличаться от соседей.