bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principal–Agent Settings with Random Shocks
Authors: Rubin Jared , Sheremeta Roman
Published: August 2015

Using a gift-exchange experiment, we show that the ability of reciprocity to overcome incentive problems inherent in principal–agent settings is greatly reduced when the agent’s effort is distorted by random shocks and transmitted imperfectly to the principal. Specifically, we find that gift exchange contracts without shocks encourage effort and wages well above standard predictions. However, the introduction of random shocks reduces wages and effort, regardless of whether the shocks can be observed by the principal. Moreover, the introduction of shocks significantly reduces the probability of fulfilling the contract by the agent, the payoff of the principal, and total welfare. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that random shocks place an important bound on the ability of gift exchange to overcome principal–agent problems.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2177 .

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
A HOSPITALIDADE SOB A ÓTICA DO ROMEIRO NA ROMARIA AO SANTUÁRIO DE NOSSA SENHORA DE CARAVAGGIO – FARROUPILHA/RS E SEU COROLÁRIO NO CONCEITO DE TURISMO RELIGIOSO
Authors: Schneider Mônica , Dos Santos Marcia Maria Cappellano
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho volta-se para relações de hospitalidade na romaria ao Santuário de Nossa Senhora de Caravaggio – Farroupilha/RS sob a ótica do romeiro. Prática religiosa que perdura por mais de um século, mobiliza anualmente milhares de pessoas, abarcando uma ampla estrutura receptiva. Assim, num contexto teórico para o qual confluem conceitos de espiritualidade e religiosidade, turismo religioso e hospitalidade, tem-se como objetivo identificar, analisar e interpretar,324via discurso, sinalizadores de relações de hospitalidade sob a perspectiva do romeiro. A pesquisa, prioritariamente qualitativa, compreendeu entrevistas semiestruturadas com participantes da romaria de 2012. Mediante técnicas de análise de conteúdo e de marcas enunciativas, foram categorizados fragmentos das respostas dos entrevistados. Os sinalizadores discursivos apontam, relativamente, à hospitalidade para a predominância de aspectos vinculados ao planejamento e à organização socioadministrativa da romaria, seguidos das relações sócio-humanas que nela se efetivam. Esses sinalizadores foram ainda analisados estabelecendo-se elos com as manifestações dos sujeitos sobre as motivações para a ida a Caravaggio, a experiência de participação no evento, assim como os destaques que seriam dados sobre a romaria a um eventual futuro romeiro – o que possibilitou, com o apoio de subsídios empíricos, aportar outro olhar teórico sobre os conceitos de peregrinação/romaria e de turismo religioso. Palavras-chave: Turismo religioso. Hospitalidade/Acolhimento. Romaria ao Santuário de Nossa Senhora de Caravaggio – Farroupilha/RS.
Functions of bounded variation and curves in metric measure spaces
Authors: Martio Olli
Published: August 2015

An approximation modulus, the$\mathrm{AM}$-modulus, for a family of paths is introduced in a metric measure space${(X,d,\nu)}$. It is shown that a function of bounded variation inXis a BV function on almost every path with respect to the$\mathrm{AM}$-modulus. Properties of the$\mathrm{AM}$-modulus, its relations to the usual${M_{1}}$-modulus and to the BV-capacities of condensers are studied. Only minimal assumptions onXand the measure ν are employed.
Language, identity, and insider/outsider positionality in Caribbean Creole English research
Authors: Nero Shondel
Published: August 2015

This article is a critically reflexive interrogation of the researcher’s identity with respect to qualitative language research in her own community, illustrated by discourse analysis of three vignettes from a critical ethnographic study of language education policy in Jamaica. Drawing on her biography as well as poststructuralist theories and research on identity and positioning, the author discusses the ways in which the choice, process, and (re)presentation of her research on Caribbean Creole English speakers in schools are filtered through the tensions among her ascribed, felt, and evolving insider/outsider identities and positionings. These tensions are heightened due to the highly charged and paradoxical nature of creole language politics, particularly with regard to education. Implications of such tensions for qualitative research in applied linguistics are also addressed.
Comparison of functional fibrinogen (FF/CFF) and FIBTEM in surgical patients – a retrospective study
Authors: Prüller Florian , Münch Andreas , Preininger Astrid , Raggam Reinhard Bernd , Grinschgl Yvonne , Krumnikl Jakub , Toller Wolfgang , Metzler Hellfried , Mahla Elisabeth , Mangge Harald
Published: August 2015

Fibrinogen-based clot firmness is reported as the maximum amplitude (MA) when using the citrated functional fibrinogen (CFF) assay in thrombelastography (TEG), and as the maximum clot firmness (MCF) together with several clot amplitude parameters when using the FIBTEM assay in thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Concern is currently being raised that these two tests have different platelet inhibiting performance and consequently provide different values. This is relevant for the clinical setting of fibrinogen replacement. We aim herein to compare the parameters of these two fibrinogen-based clot quality tests and their correlation with the plasma fibrinogen level as determined by the Clauss method.

In total 261 whole blood samples taken from 163 clinical routine surgical patients were analyzed with TEG 5000 and ROTEM tests, and correlation with Clauss fibrinogen level was assessed.

: Using TEG, the overall fibrin-based clot firmness measured in the CFF assay was significantly higher than the MCF measured by FIBTEM assay. Both assays showed significantly positive correlations with the fibrinogen levels measured using the Clauss method. However, individual values of Clauss fibrinogen concentration corresponded with different values for the two viscoelastometric tests; e.g. within the range of 1.9–2.1 g/L Clauss fibrinogen the median of CFF MA was 16.3 mm whereas FIBTEM MCF was 12.0 mm.

: We showed herein by measurements of citrated whole blood samples from surgical patients that CFF MA values were different from FIBTEM MCF values measured in the same sample. Awareness that these whole blood assays provide different clot amplitude results is mandatory, particularly if they are being considered as tools for guiding fibrinogen supplementation. Thromboembolic side effects caused by a potentially too high fibrinogen substitution must also kept in mind in this context.
Nonlinear iterative algorithms for quasi contraction mapping in modular space
Authors: Moradi Robabe , Razani Abdolrahman
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we introduce new nonlinear iterative
algorithms. These algorithms are used to study the convergence of generated iterative
sequences in modular spaces.
Moreover, we introduce a new double sequence iteration and
prove that sequences converge strongly to a fixed point of
a ρ-quasi contraction mapping in modular spaces. Finally, some
illustrative numerical examples (using the Matlab software) are
presented.
Statistical Medium Optimization for the Increased Production of Recombinant Phytase in the Fed-Batch Cultivation of Pichia pastoris
Authors: Potvin Gabriel , Li Zhi , Zhang Zisheng
Published: August 2015

Using a 20-run central composite design, standard Basal Salt Media (BSM) was optimized for the production of recombinant phytase by Pichia pastoris in bioreactor-based fed-batch cultivations using glucose as the carbon source. The phytase activity in the supernatant of the cultures at the end of 48-hour runs was modeled as a function of the medium composition, and this model was successfully validated. Using Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy (ICP), residual elements were quantified in the cultivation broth at the end of each run to confirm that differences in final cell density and enzyme activity were not due to nutrient depletion, but indeed associated with the variations in medium composition. The optimized media contains significantly lower concentration of the potassium and magnesium sources (28.7 g/l KH2PO4 and 4.8 g/l MgSO4·7H2O respectively), as well as a reduced concentration of trace salts, and based on experimental results, significantly outperforms standard media in terms of recombinant product yields under the same conditions.
Phase Equilibria and Interaction Between the CsCl–PbCl2–PbO System Components
Authors: Arkhipov Pavel A. , Zakiryanova Irina D. , Kholkina Anna S. , Bausheva Alexandra V. , Khudorozhkova Anastasia O.
Published: August 2015

Thermal analysis was applied to determine liquidus temperatures in the CsCl–PbCl2–PbO system, with the PbO concentration ranging from 0 to 20 mol%. The temperature dependence of the PbO solubility in the CsCl–PbCl2 eutectic melt was studied, and the thermodynamic parameters of the PbO dissolution were calculated. The type, morphology, and composition of oxychloride ionic groupings in the melt were determined in situ using Raman spectroscopy.
Platelet-rich Plasma with Scaling and Root Planing: A Double-blind Split-mouth Randomized Study
Authors: Agarwal Ashish , Dev Gupta Narinder
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. Along with conventional periodontal therapy, subginigval application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may provide more effective improvements in clinical parameters due to the presence of multiple growth factors. The aim of this double-blind, split-mouth, randomized study was to evaluate the adjunctive use of PRP with scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods. A total of 87 non-smokers suffering from moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected. Parameters were probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and modified bleeding index (mBI). After full-mouth SRP the sites were randomly divided into experimental sites receiving subgingival application of autologous PRP and controls treated with placebo gel. Measurements were recorded at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Paired t-test was used to compare response to treatment between the two sites. Results. Statistically significant changes in parameters were seen in both groups from baseline to 6 months. Inter-group comparison revealed significantly more clinical attachment gain for the experimental group (P>0.05). The mean CAL gain was 2.40±0.4 mm for control sites and 2.68±0.5 mm for experimental sites. Conclusion. This study supports the use of PRP during nonsurgical debridement of periodontal pockets measured 6 months after SRP.
Leukemia-induced Gingival Overgrowth as an Early Manifestation in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Behfarnia Parichehr , Deyhimi Parviz , Haghighat Abbas , Naemi Vahid , Naghsh Narges
Published: August 2015

Leukemia is a neoplastic disease with early oral and periodontal manifestations such as ulceration, infection, bleeding and gingival hyperplasia. This paper describes a 39-year-old pregnant woman with a diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML), with gingival enlargement in the upper and lower jaws. A gingival biopsy was performed, followed by a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear. From a histopathological view, infiltration of the neoplastic (myelomonocytoblastic) cells was observed and many immature lymphoid cells were revealed by the hematologic tests. The interesting clinical finding about this case was the absence of spontaneous bleeding and profuse bleeding on probing. This case is reported to emphasize the leukemia-induced gingival enlargement in pregnancy and the early diagnosis of AML by dentists, which results in immediate treatment and management of the patient.
Effect of Phenytoin and Cyclosporine on IL-17 Production by Gingival Fibroblasts of Adults and Children
Authors: Vahabi Surena , Nazemi salman Bahareh , Pourgolshani Pouya
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. Gingival hyperplasia, a relatively common side effect of antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs, occurs in 30‒50% of patients taking phenytoin and 25‒81% of those taking cyclosporine. Gingival hyperplasia due to lack of balance between extracellular synthesis and degradation is associated with increased production of IL-1B, IL-6 and IL-8 by gingival fibroblasts. Tissue level of IL-17 increases in inflammatory conditions. Since the role of IL-17 and patient age in gingival hyperplasia is still unclear, this study aimed to compare the level of IL-17 produced by gingival fibroblasts in children and adults. Materials and methods. This study was conducted on biopsy specimens obtained from the healthy gingiva of 4 adults, 35‒42 years of age, undergoing crown lengthening surgery and 4 children, aged 4‒11 years, undergoing impacted tooth surgery. Biopsy specimens were cultured in a mixture of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), penicillin, 1% streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C and 5% CO2. The specimens were monitored for contamination and cell proliferation and the medium was refreshed if necessary. Results. The baseline levels of IL-17 produced by gingival fibroblasts isolated from children and adults were not significantly different from those after the addition of cyclosporine or phenytoin. The two groups of children and adults were not significantly different in terms of the production of IL-17 by gingival fibroblasts. The two groups of children and adults were not significantly different in terms of the production of IL-17 at baseline or after exposure to cyclosporine or phenytoin. Conclusion. IL-17 inflammatory cytokine does not play a role in gingival hyperplasia in children and adults.
The Effects of Obesity on Local and Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kose Oğuz , Canakcı Varol , Canakcı Cenk Fatih , Yıldırım Abdulkadir , Kermen Eda , Arabacı Taner , Gungor Adem
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of obesity on the local (salivary) and systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and methods. This study included 88 subjects assigned to four groups of 22 subjects each, as follows: group O+P+ (patients with obesity and CP), group O-P+ (patients with normal weight and CP), group O+P- (periodontally healthy patients with obesity), and the control group, group O-P- (periodontally healthy patients with normal weight). Serum and salivary samples were obtained a week before the recording of clinical periodontal parameters. Local and systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels were determined biochemically. Results. In serum and saliva, both TNF-α and IL-6 levels were the lowest in O-P- group (P < 0.05). The highest TNF-α and IL-6 levels were observed in O+P+ group, while only IL-6 levels were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Obesity upregulated the salivary and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In patients with periodontitis, who were also obese, the serum and saliva levels of IL-6 were significantly high. Obesity might play a destructive and provocative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by negatively affecting IL-6 levels.
A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effect of a Balance Training Program, Including Calf Muscle Strengthening, in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Maritz Carol A. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare
Published: August 2015

Background:

Falls are the number 1 cause of injury, fractures, and death among the older population. In fact, one-third of adults older than 60 years will experience 1 or more falls annually. Factors including inactivity and decreased mobility are associated with overall declines in strength, balance, and functional mobility in older adults.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a balance training program, including calf muscle strengthening, in community-dwelling older adults and to evaluate how calf muscle strength correlates with risk factors for falls.

Methods:

Community-dwelling older adults from a local senior center were invited to participate in a 5-week (10 sessions), 1-on-1, balance training program, which included calf muscle strengthening. All the participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. The outcome measures were static balance, unilateral heel-rise test, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the 30-second Chair Stand Test (30-sCST), and the Activity Balance Confidence Scale.

Results:

Twenty-eight participants (6 males and 22 females) mean (standard deviation) age of 78 years were included in the study and completed the baseline evaluation. Eight participants did not complete the study. Static balance with eyes closed, heel rise, TUG, 30-sCST, and the Activity Balance Confidence Scale improved significantly (P < .05) following treatment compared with the baseline evaluation. The heel-rise ability correlated significantly (P < .05) with TUG (r = −0.484 to −0.528) and 30-sCST (r = 0.501-0.595). Sixty-three percent of the participants performed 10 reps or less of the unilateral heel rise on the right side and 60% on the left side. None of the participants who performed 10 reps or more of the unilateral heel rise had a high risk of falls based on the TUG.

Conclusions:

A balance training program that includes calf muscle strengthening performed twice a week for 5 weeks resulted in significant improvements in calf muscle strength, functional performance and balance, as well as a significant improvement in balance confidence. The results from this study identify the importance unilateral calf muscle strength has to falls risk among older adults.
Measurements of Weight Bearing Asymmetry Using the Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Board Are Not Reliable for Older Adults and Individuals With Stroke
Authors: Liuzzo Derek M. , Peters Denise M. , Middleton Addie , Lanier Wes , Chain Rebecca , Barksdale Brittany , Fritz Stacy L.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Clinicians and researchers have used bathroom scales, balance performance monitors with feedback, postural scale analysis, and force platforms to evaluate weight bearing asymmetry (WBA). Now video game consoles offer a novel alternative for assessing this construct. By using specialized software, the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board can provide reliable measurements of WBA in healthy, young adults. However, reliability of measurements obtained using only the factory settings to assess WBA in older adults and individuals with stroke has not been established.

Purpose:

To determine whether measurements of WBA obtained using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board and default settings are reliable in older adults and individuals with stroke.

Methods:

Weight bearing asymmetry was assessed using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board in 2 groups of participants—individuals older than 65 years (n = 41) and individuals with stroke (n = 41). Participants were given a standardized set of instructions and were not provided auditory or visual feedback. Two trials were performed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measure (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) scores were determined for each group.

Results:

The ICC for the older adults sample was 0.59 (0.35-0.76) with SEM95 = 6.2% and MDC95 = 8.8%. The ICC for the sample including individuals with stroke was 0.60 (0.47-0.70) with SEM95 = 9.6% and MDC95 = 13.6%.

Discussion:

Although measurements of WBA obtained using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board, and its default factory settings, demonstrate moderate reliability in older adults and individuals with stroke, the relatively high associated SEM and MDC values substantially reduce the clinical utility of the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board as an assessment tool for WBA.

Conclusions:

Weight bearing asymmetry cannot be measured reliably in older adults and individuals with stroke using the Nintendo Wii Fit balance board without the use of specialized software.
Hybrid Segmentation Strategy and Multi-Agent SVMs for Corporate Risk Management in Class Imbalanced Situations
Authors: Chang Te-Min , Shih Ching-Hui , Hsu Ming-Fu
Published: August 2015

This study introduced an emerging architecture with a segmentation strategy for the classification of highly imbalanced datasets. The segmentation strategy was specifically performed by K-means, which divided the majority class into some less imbalanced datasets and yielded more robust training data. Superior forecasting performance of the ensemble mechanism/multi-agent mechanism came with a critical drawback, which was that it lacked interpretability. The study further dealt with the obscure nature of the ensemble mechanism by LEM2 algorithm. The human-readable rules could be taken as a guideline for decision makers to make a suitable judgment in a highly competitive financial environment.
Diurnal gene expression of lipolytic natriuretic peptide receptors in white adipose tissue
Authors: Smith Julie , Fahrenkrug Jan , Jørgensen Henrik L , Christoffersen Christina , Goetze Jens P
Published: August 2015

Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to obesity and cardiovascular disease. In white adipose tissue, activation of the natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) stimulates lipolysis. We have previously shown that natriuretic peptides are expressed in a circadian manner in the heart, but the temporal expression profile of their cognate receptors has not been examined in white adipose tissue. We therefore collected peri-renal white adipose tissue and serum from WT mice. Tissue mRNA contents of NPRs – NPR-A and NPR-C, the clock genes Per1 and Bmal1, and transcripts involved in lipid metabolism were quantified at 4-h intervals: in the diurnal study, mice were exposed to a period of 12 h light followed by 12 h darkness (n=52). In the circadian study, mice were kept in darkness for 24 h (n=47). Concomitant serum concentrations of free fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides (TGs), and insulin were measured. Per1 and Bmal1 mRNA contents showed reciprocal circadian profiles (P<0.0001). NPR-A mRNA contents followed a temporal pattern (P=0.01), peaking in the dark (active) period. In contrast, NPR-C mRNA was expressed in an antiphase manner with nadir in the active period (P=0.007). TG concentrations in serum peaked in the active dark period (P=0.003). In conclusion, NPR-A and NPR-C gene expression is associated with the expression of clock genes in white adipose tissue. The reciprocal expression may thus contribute to regulate lipolysis and energy homeostasis in a diurnal manner.
Stability of metabolically healthy obesity over 8 years: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Hamer Mark , Bell Joshua A , Sabia Severine , Batty G David , Kivimäki Mika
Published: August 2015

Objective

Metabolically healthy obesity possibly reflects a transitional stage before the onset of metabolic dysfunction, but few studies have characterised this transition. We examined the behavioural and biological characteristics of healthy obese adults that progressed to an unhealthy state over 8 years follow-up.

Methods

Participants were 2422 men and women (aged 63.3±7.7 years, 44.2% men) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Based on blood pressure (BP), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP) participants were classified as ‘healthy’ (0 or 1 metabolic abnormality) or ‘unhealthy’ (≥2 metabolic abnormalities).

Results

Over 8 years follow-up, 44.5% of healthy obese subjects had transitioned into an unhealthy state, compared to only 16.6 and 26.2% of healthy normal-weight and overweight adults respectively. Compared with healthy obese adults who remained stable, those who progressed to an unhealthy state were more likely to have high BP (75.0% vs 37.0%, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.9, 95% CI 4.7–17.0), high CRP (53.7% vs 17.0%, OR=8.6, 95% CI 4.1–18.0), high HbA1c (46.3% vs 5.9%, OR=13.8, 95% CI 6.1–31.2) and high triglycerides (45.4% vs 11.9%, OR=5.9, 95% CI 2.9–12.0) at follow-up, with excess risk remaining independent of lifestyle factors including self-reported physical activity. Progression to an unhealthy state was also linked with significant gains in waist circumference (B=2.7, 95% CI, 0.5–4.9 cm).

Conclusion

These data show that a healthy obesity phenotype is relatively unstable. Transition to an unhealthy state is characterised by multiple biological changes that are not fully explained by lifestyle risk factors.
RAS proto-oncogene in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Moura Margarida M , Cavaco Branca M , Leite Valeriano
Published: August 2015

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy originating from the calcitonin-secreting parafollicular thyroid C cells. Approximately 75% of cases are sporadic. Rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene plays a crucial role in MTC development. BesidesRET, other oncogenes commonly involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers have also been investigated in MTC. The family of humanRASgenes includes the highly homologousHRAS,KRAS, andNRASgenes that encode three distinct proteins. Activating mutations in specific hotspots of theRASgenes are found in about 30% of all human cancers. In thyroid neoplasias,RASgene point mutations, mainly inNRAS, are detected in benign and malignant tumors arising from the follicular epithelium. However, recent reports have also describedRASmutations in MTC, namely inHRASandKRAS. Overall, the prevalence ofRASmutations in sporadic MTC varies between 0–43.3%, occurring usually in tumors with WTRETand rarely in those harboring aRETmutation, suggesting that activation of these proto-oncogenes represents alternative genetic events in sporadic MTC tumorigenesis. Thus, the assessment ofRASmutation status can be useful to define therapeutic strategies inRETWT MTC. MTC patients withRASmutations have an intermediate risk for aggressive cancer, between those withRETmutations in exons 15 and 16, which are associated with the worst prognosis, and cases with otherRETmutations, which have the most indolent course of the disease. Recent results from exome sequencing indicate that, besides mutations inRET,HRAS, andKRAS, no other recurrent driver mutations are present in MTC.
Androgen actions via androgen receptor promote PTEN inactivation induced uterine cancer
Authors: Choi Jaesung (Peter) , Desai Reena , Zheng Yu , Yao Mu , Dong Qihan , Watson Geoff , Handelsman David J , Simanainen Ulla
Published: August 2015

Haploinsufficient inactivating phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) mutations cause Cowden syndrome, an autosomal dominant risk genotype for hormone dependent reproductive cancers. As androgen actions mediated via the androgen receptor (AR) supports uterine growth and may modify uterine cancer risk, we hypothesized that a functional AR may increase PTEN inactivation induced uterine cancer. To test the hypothesis, we compared the PTEN knockout (PTENKO) induced uterine pathology in heterozygous PTENKO and combined heterozygous PTEN and complete AR knockout (PTENARKO) female mice. PTENKO induced uterine pathology was significantly reduced by AR inactivation with severe macroscopic uterine pathology present in 21% of PTENARKO vs 46% of PTENKO at a median age of 45 weeks. This could be due to reduced stroma ERα expression in PTENARKO compared to PTENKO uterus, while AR inactivation did not modify PTEN or P-AKT levels. Unexpectedly, while progesterone (P4) is assumed protective in uterine cancers, serum P4was significantly higher in PTENKO females compared to WT, ARKO, and PTENARKO females consistent with more corpora lutea in PTENKO ovaries. Serum testosterone and ovarian estradiol were similar between all females. Hence, our results demonstrated AR inactivation mediated protection against PTENKO induced uterine pathology and suggests a potential role for antiandrogens in uterine cancer prevention and treatment.
Herausforderung Kleinanlegerschutz – eine explorative Untersuchung zu Verständnis und Akzeptanz in der Schweiz
Authors: Basel Jörn , Bürgi Daniel , Pohl Michael
Published: August 2015

MiFID (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive) in der EU und das in der Schweiz geplante FIDLEG (Finanzdienstleistungsgesetz) zielen, neben weiteren regulatorischen Vorgaben, auf einen Ausbau des Kleinanlegerschutzes. Die Frage ist jedoch, ob die im vorliegenden Beitrag dargestellten geplanten Maßnahmen von den Kleinanlegern akzeptiert und zentrale Inhalte richtig verstanden werden. Eine explorative Erhebung mit schweizer Kleinanlegern zeigt, dass diese den geforderten Anlegerschutz akzeptieren. Allerdings zeigt sich auch, dass mangelndes Verständnis finanzwirtschaftlicher Grundbegriffe und die Schwierigkeit einer validen Risikotoleranz-Messung dazu führen können, dass wesentliche Ziele des Kleinanlegerschutzes nicht erreicht werden. Neben den Chancen und Risiken des Anlegerschutzes werden insbesondere psychologische und psychometrische Aspekte wie Risiko-Präferenzen diskutiert.
Das Großkreditregime der CRR und die Änderungsvorschläge des Baseler Ausschusses
Authors: Lackhoff Klaus , Baldus Julia
Published: August 2015

Großkreditvorschriften bilden einen zentralen Baustein des Bankaufsichtsrechts. In der Capital Requirement Regulation (CRR) ist ihnen der vierte Teil gewidmet. Sie üben eine Steuerungswirkung auf die Kreditvergabe aus und Beschränkungen bei der Kreditvergabe an verbundene Unternehmen beeinflussen die Finanzierung von Institutsgruppen. Die CRR sieht für den nationalen Gesetzgeber und für die zuständige Aufsichtsbehörde Möglichkeiten vor, von den grundsätzlich vorgesehenen Beschränkungen für Großkredite abzuweichen. Der Beitrag gibt unter Einbeziehung von Erfahrungen aus der Praxis einen systematischen Überblick über das Großkreditregime der CRR. Er behandelt ebenfalls die Anwendung dieses Regimes im Rahmen des einheitlichen Aufsichtsmechanismus. Abschließend werden die Reformvorschläge des Baseler Ausschusses vom April 2014 vorgestellt.
Electric myographic control of electric therapeutic apparatus -ceragem master cgm 3500 influence on backbone of patients with scoliosis
Authors: Kupreenko M. V.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: determination of effectiveness of electric therapeutic apparatus Ceragem master CGM 3500 in its influence on backbone of patients with scoliosis. Material: in examination 11 female patients with scoliosis of age from 21 to 35 years and 12 practically healthy persons participated. The research of para-vertebral muscles of back was fulfilled with method of electric myography. Results: we determined positive effect in nervous-muscular functioning of back. The proof was increase of integrated amplitude of back muscles’ electric activity on convex and concave sides of scolytinae arc; increase of maximal amplitude of H-reflex and M-response. Conclusions: standard electric myography permits to receive objective information about functional state of muscles of patients with scoliosis and assess effectiveness of rehabilitation process with application of electric therapeutic apparatus - - Ceragem Master CGM 3500.
Study of junior weight lifters’ special fitness with different methods of speed-power training in preparatory period of general preparatory stage
Authors: Piven O. B. , Dzhym V. Y.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: studying of junior weight lifters’ special fitness in preparatory period of general preparatory stage. Material: 30 junior weight lifters of 12 - 14 years’ old age were involved in experiment (2 nd and 3 rd sport grades). Results: optimal indicators of training by shock method have been determined for sportsmen of experimental group. Scope of loads was: squats with barbell on shoulders - lifting 779 times (90 tons); 310 jumps in depth and jumps out. Power indicators in total of combined exercises have increased by 16.5 kg. In control group other methodic was used. In control group scope of loads was: lifting of barbell - 910 times (111 tons). Power indicators in total of combined exercises have increased by 7.2 kg. Conclusions: the following regiment of training is recommended: first 3 weeks - jumps. Dozing and load scopes shall be as follows: first two trainings - two attempts (10 times each) with height of 0.5 m; third training - 3 attempts (10 times each) with height of 0.5 m; forth training - 4 attempts (10 times each) with height of 0.7 m. Jumps in depth shall be used 3 times weekly.
Controlled electrochemical functionalization of MOx nanostructures by Au NPs for gas sensing application
Authors: Dilonardo E. , Penza M. , Alvisi M. , Di Franco C. , Palmisano F. , Torsi L. , Cioffi N.
Published: August 2015

Stabilized Au NPs were directly deposited on nanostructured ZnO and ZrO2 by a simple one-step strategy based on sacrificial anode electrolysis. The annealed nanocomposites are proposed as active layers in resistive gas sensors for low-cost processes. Results on the performance of gas sensors based on pristine and Au-doped MOx nanostructured thin films, used for the detection of NO2 gas, were reported at an operating temperature of 300°C, evaluating the effects of the MOx chemical composition and morphology, and the Au-doping.
Perception of nursing students about couples' violence: knowledge, beliefs and professional role
Authors: Rigol-Cuadra Assumpció , Galbany-Estragué Paola , Fuentes-Pumarola Concepció , Burjales-Martí Maria Dolors , Rodríguez-Martín Dolors , Ballester-Ferrando David
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVES: to analyse the knowledge, beliefs and perception of the professional role that nursing students have, about exerted violence against women in relationships.METHOD: a descriptive qualitative study following the ecological model through 16 focus groups realized with 112 students from four nursing courses of four Spanish universities.RESULTS: the analytical categories were: knowledge, professional role, and beliefs about ones behaviour before the victim and the abuser. Students are unfamiliar with the characteristics of abuse, guidelines, protocols and screening questions and demand patterns for specific intervention. They do not identify their own professional role, be it delegated or specialized. Beliefs regarding their behaviour with the victim, not guided by professional criteria, perceive violence as a specific situation and disassociate the prevention of health care. They perceive the abuser as mentally ill, justifying the tolerance or delegation of performances.CONCLUSIONS: students define preconceived ideas about couples' violence. Speeches reproduce and reinforce stereotypical myths, values indicative of inadequate training for nursing studies which raises the need to fortify the competencies in relation to intimate couples' violence in the curriculum.
The family's experience of the child and/or teenager in palliative care: fluctuating between hope and hopelessness in a world changed by losses
Authors: Misko Maira Deguer , Santos Maiara Rodrigues dos , Ichikawa Carolliny Rossi de Faria , Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia de , Bousso Regina Szylit
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVES: to understand the family's experience of the child and/or teenager in palliative care and building a representative theoretical model of the process experienced by the family.METHODOLOGY: for this purpose the Symbolic Interactionism and the Theory Based on Data were used. Fifteen families with kids and/or teenagers in palliative care were interviewed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews.RESULTS: after the comparative analysis of the data, a substantive theory was formed "fluctuating between hope and hopelessness in a world changed by losses", composed by: "having a life shattered ", "managing the new condition", "recognizing the palliative care" and "relearning how to live". Hope, perseverance and spiritual beliefs are determining factors for the family to continue fighting for the life of their child in a context of uncertainty, anguish and suffering, due to the medical condition of the child. Along the way, the family redefines values and integrates palliative care in their lives.CONCLUSION: staying with the child at home is what was set and kept hope of dreaming about the recovery and support of the child's life, but above all, what takes it away even though temporarily is the possibility of their child's death when staying within the context of the family.
Nursing Doctorates in Brazil: research formation and theses production
Authors: Scochi Carmen Gracinda Silvan , Gelbcke Francine Lima , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção , Lima Maria Alice Dias da Silva , Padilha Katia Grillo , Padovani Nátali Artal , Munari Denize Bouttelet
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the formation of nursing doctorates in Brazil, from theses production, disciplines and other strategies focusing on research offered by courses.METHOD: a descriptive and analytical study of the performance of 18 doctoral courses in nursing, running from 1982 to 2010, and defended their theses between 2010-2012.RESULTS: 502 theses were defended in this period, most linked to the online research process of health and nursing care. There are gaps in the knowledge of theoretical and philosophical foundations of care, nursing history and ethics. There are also weaknesses in the methodological design of the theses, with a predominance of descriptive and/or exploratory studies. This was consistent with international standards set with regards to the proposition of research of disciplines and complementary strategies in forming the doctorate.CONCLUSION: despite the efforts and advances in research formation, it is essential to expand to more robust research designs with a greater impact on production knowledge that is incorporated into practice.
Evaluation of lung volumes, vital capacity and respiratory muscle strength after cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal surgery
Authors: Oliveira Marcio Aparecido , Vidotto Milena Carlos , Nascimento Oliver Augusto , Almeida Renato , Santoro Ilka Lopes , Sperandio Evandro Fornias , Jardim José Roberto , Gazzotti Mariana Rodrigues
Published: August 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that physiopathological changes to the respiratory system can occur following thoracic and abdominal surgery. Laminectomy is considered to be a peripheral surgical procedure, but it is possible that thoracic spinal surgery exerts a greater influence on lung function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary volumes and maximum respiratory pressures of patients undergoing cervical, thoracic or lumbar spinal surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study in a tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: Sixty-three patients undergoing laminectomy due to diagnoses of tumors or herniated discs were evaluated. Vital capacity, tidal volume, minute ventilation and maximum respiratory pressures were evaluated preoperatively and on the first and second postoperative days. Possible associations between the respiratory variables and the duration of the operation, surgical diagnosis and smoking status were investigated. RESULTS: Vital capacity and maximum inspiratory pressure presented reductions on the first postoperative day (20.9% and 91.6%, respectively) for thoracic surgery (P = 0.01), and maximum expiratory pressure showed reductions on the first postoperative day in cervical surgery patients (15.3%; P = 0.004). The incidence of pulmonary complications was 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS: There were reductions in vital capacity and maximum respiratory pressures during the postoperative period in patients undergoing laminectomy. Surgery in the thoracic region was associated with greater reductions in vital capacity and maximum inspiratory pressure, compared with cervical and lumbar surgery. Thus, surgical manipulation of the thoracic region appears to have more influence on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle action.
Retractions in general and internal medicine in a high-profile scientific indexing database
Authors: Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de , Catelani Fernanda , Fontes-Pereira Aldo José , Gave Nárrima de Souza
Published: August 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Increased frequency of retractions has recently been observed, and retractions are important events that deserve scientific investigation. This study aimed to characterize cases of retraction within general and internal medicine in a high-profile database, with interest in the country of origin of the article and the impact factor (IF) of the journal in which the retraction was made. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study consisted of reviewing retraction notes in the Thomson-Reuters Web of Knowledge (WoK) indexing database, within general and internal medicine. METHODS: The retractions were classified as plagiarism/duplication, error, fraud and authorship problems and then aggregated into two categories: "plagiarism/duplication" and "others." The countries of origin of the articles were dichotomized according to the median of the indicator "citations per paper" (CPP), and the IF was dichotomized according to its median within general and internal medicine, also obtained from the WoK database. These variables were analyzed using contingency tables according to CPP (high versus low), IF (high versus low) and period (1992-2002 versus 2003-2014). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for plagiarism/duplication. RESULTS: A total of 86 retraction notes were identified, and retraction reasons were found for 80 of them. The probability that plagiarism/duplication was the reason for retraction was more than three times higher for the low CPP group (RR: 3.4; 95% CI: [1.9-6.2]), and similar results were seen for the IF analysis. CONCLUSION: The study identified greater incidence of plagiarism/duplication among retractions from countries with lower scientific impact.
Potencialidades da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família: o olhar do trabalhador de saúde
Authors: Domingos Carolina Milena , Nunes Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida , Carvalho Brigida Gimenez
Published: August 2015

Para a consolidação da proposta da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família (RMSF), torna-se imprescindível a participação do profissional de saúde atuante no serviço. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi revelar a percepção do trabalhador de saúde sobre as potencialidades da inserção da RMSF nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com 25 trabalhadores das USF contempladas com a RMSF. Os discursos revelaram que a atuação dos residentes nas USF foi potente para induzir mudanças no processo de trabalho destas e para a formação de profissionais capacitados para atuar na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Deste modo, a residência contribui para que a ESF se torne um dispositivo de mudança do modelo de assistência à saúde e constitui uma forma de operar o proposto na Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS).
Comércio internacional, alocação do trabalho e a questão da desindustrialização no Brasil: uma abordagem utilizando equilíbrio geral computável
Authors: Feijó Flávio Tosi , Steffens Camila
Published: August 2015

O presente artigo objetiva avaliar os impactos na alocação do emprego formal do fator trabalho no Brasil e verificar evidências de desindustrialização, mediante a simulação de cenários de aprofundamento do comércio internacional. O instrumento utilizado para as simulações é o modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project). Os resultados obtidos, combinados com os dados da RAIS (Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais), indicaram evidências de desindustrialização, devido à queda do emprego na indústria de transformação brasileira, principalmente no nível de qualificação média. Acordos preferenciais de comércio com a Ásia e com a União Europeia seriam os que mais contribuiriam para a referida redução. Entretanto, haveria ganhos de bem-estar em decorrência da melhor alocação dos recursos produtivos e dos termos de troca.
A nova configuração da estrutura produtiva do setor sucroenergético brasileiro: panorama e perspectivas
Authors: Garcia Junior Ruiz , Lima Divina Aparecida Leonel Lunas , Vieira Adriana Carvalho Pinto
Published: August 2015

O setor sucroenergético brasileiro tem atraído investimentos estrangeiros de forma acentuada desde 2003/2004. Os fatores que estimularam este movimento estão relacionados às perspectivas de consolidação de um mercado internacional, a expansão da demanda externa e interna e a elevação do preço do combustível fóssil. Outro fator que contribui para a atratividade do capital externo é a competitividade do etanol brasileiro em relação às demais matérias-primas utilizadas em outros países. Este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a nova configuração da estrutura produtiva do setor sucroenergético brasileiro após o movimento de entrada do capital externo. A presença do capital externo pode alterar a dinâmica do setor, levando até ao fortalecimento dos elos na cadeia produtiva (trade linkages). Além disso, a presença do capital externo a partir da entrada de empresas transnacionais pode elevar as atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico no setor sucroenergético, dando um novo impulso.
Educação Infantil e Práticas Pedagógicas para o Aluno com Síndrome de Down: o Enfoque no Desenvolvimento Motor
Authors: Anunciação Lívia Maria Ribeiro Leme , Costa Maria Piedade Resende da , Denari Fátima Elisabeth
Published: August 2015

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivos: identificar qual o nível de desenvolvimento motor de uma criança com Síndrome de Down (SD) no contexto educacional, intervir com estratégias de ensino necessárias para responder às necessidades de seu desenvolvimento e avaliar os avanços no seu desenvolvimento após a intervenção. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso para analisar o fenômeno em seu contexto real. Como participante foi escolhido um aluno com SD de três anos de idade matriculado em uma escola de educação infantil de uma cidade de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo. O procedimento para a coleta de dados foi realizado em três etapas: 1) pré-teste, 2) intervenção e 3) pós-teste. Na fase do pré-teste foi aplicado o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado na área de desenvolvimento motor. Ao identificar as necessidades de aprendizagem do aluno foi elaborado e aplicado um plano de intervenção. Depois da etapa de intervenção, no pós-teste, o inventário foi novamente aplicado para mensurar os avanços no desenvolvimento do aluno comparando-o com o pré-teste. Como resultado constatou-se que o aluno avançou em relação à faixa etária inicial referente ao período de um a dois anos para a idade entre dois a três anos em seu desenvolvimento.
Realidade Virtual como Intervenção na Síndrome de Down: uma Perspectiva de Ação na Interface Saúde e Educação
Authors: Lorenzo Suelen Moraes de , Braccialli Lígia Maria Presumido , Araújo Rita de Cássia Tibério
Published: August 2015

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os resultados de intervenções com uso da Realidade Virtual perante as necessidades psicomotoras de uma criança com Síndrome de Down (SD). Para tanto, foram utilizados como instrumento de avaliação a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor na forma de teste pré e pós-intervenção e como recurso de intervenção o videogame Xbox 360 com sensor kinect. Os resultados alcançados após 20 sessões de intervenção revelaram uma melhora nas habilidades de motricidade global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal e organização espacial, entretanto o desenvolvimento da motricidade fina e linguagem/organização temporal se mantiveram estáveis. Todas estas seis áreas básicas da motricidade humana são fundamentais para o processo de alfabetização e, consequentemente, para o ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos escolares. As intervenções clínicas realizadas com o uso da Realidade Virtual, em uma abordagem na interface saúde e educação, contribuíram para o desenvolvimento psicomotor do participante da pesquisa, podendo-se inferir sobre os desdobramentos do aperfeiçoamento destas habilidades e seus respectivos benefícios para o desempenho escolar, sobretudo nas atividades de leitura e escrita.