bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oil and Oil–Source Correlations in the Yongfeng Sub-Sag of the Bogda Mountain Front Belt
Authors: Sun Xiangcan , Wu Jianwei , Zhou Xingui , Gao Yongjin , Yang Youxing , Bai Zhongkai , Yuan Kun , Wen Lei , Chen Yi
Published: February 2025

The exploration level of the Bogda Mountain front belt is relatively low, and the research on hydrocarbon accumulation is limited, resulting in unclear sources of discovered oil. To further investigate the geochemical characteristics and sources of crude oil in the Bogda Mountain front belt, this study conducted geochemical experimental analysis and oil–source correlations on crude oil and hydrocarbon source rock samples from the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Yongfeng sub-sag and surrounding areas of the Bogda Mountain front belt. By using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technology, the geochemical characteristics of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were analyzed. Combined with stable carbon isotopes of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, the organic matter source, maturity, and sedimentary environment were determined. The research results indicate that the crude oil from Well Xyd 1 exhibits mature characteristics, and the source material was deposited in a reducing to weakly oxidizing, weakly reducing environment. The source rocks of the Lucaogou Formation in Well Xyd 1 were formed in a reducing, semi-saline–saline sedimentary environment, while those from the Gjg and Dhs outcrops developed in a weakly oxidizing–weakly reducing, non-high-salinity, weakly stratified sedimentary environment. Carbon isotope, terpane, and isoalkane characteristics confirm a significant genetic relationship between the crude oil from Well Xyd 1 and the local Luzhaogou Formation source rocks. The source rocks of the Luzhaogou Formation in the Yongfeng sub-sag exhibit strong heterogeneity, with significant differences in sedimentary environments and parent materials in their spatial distribution. Maturity analysis indicates that the Luzhaogou Formation source rocks in Well Xyd 1 have reached a mature stage, whereas those from the Gjg and Dhs outcrops are at a relatively low maturity level.
Comparative Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Assisted Heat Pump Systems Coupled with PCM Storage and EV Charging with Reference to the UK’s National Carbon Intensity
Authors: Kutlu Cagri , Dik Abdullah , Erdinc Mehmet Tahir , Su Yuehong , Riffat Saffa
Published: February 2025

Emerging trends in heat pump (HP) and electric vehicle (EV) adoption within communities aim to reduce carbon emissions in the heating and transportation sectors. However, these technologies rely on grid electricity, whose carbon intensity varies over time. This study explores how the carbon-saving potential of these technologies can be further enhanced through demand-shifting operations and renewable energy integration. The research compares photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) and hybrid solar heat pump systems that integrate EV charging and PCM-enhanced heat storage to improve space heating efficiency under low solar irradiance in the UK while reducing CO2 emissions. The study simulates solar collector configurations and sizes, combining PV modules and heat pumps to enhance system performance. Control systems synchronize operations with periods of low grid CO2 intensity, minimizing the environmental impact. The analysis evaluates PV/T systems, separate PV and thermal collectors, highlighting their energy efficiency and CO2 reduction potential. Control systems further optimize HP operation and EV charging during periods of high renewable energy availability, preventing uncontrolled use that could result in elevated emissions. Using real weather data and a detailed building model, the findings show that a solar-assisted HP with 100% thermal collectors achieves a daily COP of 3.49. Reducing thermal collectors to 60% lowers the COP to 2.57, but PV output compensates, maintaining similar emission levels. The system achieves the lowest emission with high-efficiency evacuated flat plate PV/T collectors.
Induction of Mandibular Cortical Bone Defects to Study Bone Regeneration
Authors: Vu Elizabeth K. , Kim Grant , Shimak Mitchell J. , Karkache Ismael Y. , Koroth Jinsha , Chavez Emily , Mitchell Samuel , Clark Rachel B. , Mansky Kim C. , Bradley Elizabeth W.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: In contrast to endochondral bone healing, the process of intramembranous bone regeneration is poorly understood. This limits our ability to repair and regenerate the craniofacial skeleton to either correct deformity or optimally heal tissues following injury. While there are several preclinical models of intramembranous regeneration within the craniofacial skeleton, some are not load bearing and others are technically challenging. The goal of this pilot study is therefore to describe a simple method for induction of cortical defects within the mandible that does not involve compounding injury to the surrounding tissues. Methods: Single cortex defects were generated in the mandible body of 8-week-old male and female mice. The extent of bone regeneration within the defect was characterized at days 0, 3, 14, and 28 following defect generation via micro-computed tomography and histology. Conclusions: Observed healing was predictable and reproducible and resulted in intramembranous bone formation. This model will help aid the understanding of intramembranous bone healing in load bearing bones (e.g., mandible) within the craniofacial skeleton
The Structural Evolution of Bimetallic Fe/Ag Mediated by Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Triclosan in the Environment
Authors: Ju Liting , Liu Qunyi , Feng Hongye , Wu Pingxiao , Ju Yiwen , Zhang Li , Wang Junbo
Published: February 2025

Montmorillonite (Mont) is a natural two-dimensional material with a 2:1 layered silicate crystal structure. It possesses abundant surface groups, cation exchange capacity, and adsorption performance. In addition, it has other advantages such as abundant reserves, environmental friendliness, strong mechanical stability, and a large specific surface area. As such, it shows excellent potential for application in environmental remediation. In the following paper, we focus on the removal of TCS (triclosan) from an aqueous environment by utilizing montmorillonite-supported bimetallic Fe/Ag particles. We use scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, and specific surface area to analyze the structure, morphology, and composition of these nanocomposites. The effects of the pH, different materials, contact time, and different initial concentrations on the degradation efficiency of TCS were studied systematically. Based on the results of our study, montmorillonite-supported bimetallic Fe/Ag nanoparticles (Fe/Ag-Mont) should be categorized as a type of mesoporous material of high uniformity because the pore size of all its catalysts ranges from 10 to 20 nm, and they are well-distributed. The Si-O stretching vibrations of montmorillonite can be changed by adding Fe/Ag. We found that Fe or Ag combined with -O to form a new bond and interacted with Si-O, and the incorporation of Fe/Ag-Mont nanoparticles removed TCS with better reduction rates. By enhancing reduction capacity, the pH was below 4 due to H• species generation by Fe/Ag. H• was the main factor enhancing the redox reaction in reducing TCS. The pH controlled the competition between Fe corrosion and silver formation, which enabled the system to self-regulate. In addition, this study provided a suitable method of efficiently synthesizing clay-supported bimetallic nano-system materials for reduction.
Potential Distribution and Response of Camphora longepaniculata Gamble (Lauraceae) to Climate Change in China
Authors: Zhu Yanzhao , Zhao Hanzhi , Liu Yidi , Zhu Minghui , Wan Zitong , Yan Yujie , Wang Xiaoying , Xiang Ya , Gao Shanshan , Jiang Chenlong , Zhang Yingying , Zhao Gang
Published: February 2025

Camphora longepaniculata is an endangered evergreen tree listed as National Class II Protected Tree Species in China, highly valued for its medicinal and economic importance. Currently, research on this species has primarily focused on its pharmaceutical properties, while its potential distribution and responses to climate change remain insufficiently explored. In this study, 36 valid occurrence records and 11 environmental variables were utilized to predict its potential distribution and assess its response to future climate scenarios. The MaxEnt model revealed that the current distribution of C. longepaniculata largely aligns with its predicted suitable habitats, with the primary range located in Sichuan Province. Furthermore, this model identified the highly suitable habitats to be predominantly concentrated in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces under climate change. Among the environmental variables, annual precipitation (bio12), minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), and elevation (dem) were the most influential, collectively contributing over 70% to the model’s predictive accuracy. Future climate projections compared to the current distribution suggest a northward expansion of suitable habitats for C. longepaniculata, although Sichuan Province is predicted to remain the core habitat under future scenarios. Kernel density analysis of occurrence points indicated that the largest concentration of distribution points is near the Sichuan Basin, reinforcing the importance of this region as a stronghold for the species. Based on the results of potential distribution and kernel density analysis, in situ conservation, artificial cultivation, and the establishment of wild protected areas and local germplasm banks are recommended for stable, suitable habitats, such as Sichuan Province and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. This study not only sheds light on the potential geographical distribution of C. longepaniculata and its response to climate change but also provides a scientific basis for the development of targeted conservation strategies for this species.
Availability, Accessibility, or Visibility? A Study of the Influencing Factors of Greenspace Exposure Behavior in Fuzhou Urban Parks
Authors: Liu Na , Wu Mengbo , Wang Jingjing , Wei Jingyi , Yao Xiong , Zhu Zhipeng
Published: February 2025

Rapid urbanization has led to increasingly serious problems, such as the heat island effect and environmental pollution, which seriously endanger people’s health. Greenspace exposure behavior, that is, the way and characteristics of people’s contact with greenspace (including frequency and duration of stay), is the key to exerting the health benefits of greenspace. There is little research on the factors influencing greenspace exposure behavior, which cannot reveal the mechanism of maintaining people’s physical and mental health by promoting greenspace exposure behavior. Therefore, using typical urban parks in Fuzhou as a case study, indicators of greenspace availability, accessibility, and visibility were identified from objective park characteristics and subjective crowd evaluation. The factors influencing greenspace exposure behavior were analyzed using bivariate correlation tests and multivariate linear regression analysis. The results indicated that, among objective park characteristics, the per capita green park area negatively impacted greenspace exposure behavior, while the green view index positively influenced it (p < 0.05). Regarding subjective crowd evaluation, subjective indicators positively impacted greenspace exposure behavior except for the condition of activity areas. In addition, subjective factors, especially subjective visibility indicators, are more predictive of greenspace exposure behavior than objective factors. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in further refining the research framework for quantifying and evaluating park greenspace exposure, and enriching the theoretical connotation of research on park greenspace exposure behavior. The research results suggested park greening strategies for the relevant departments, enhanced the greenspace exposure behavior, and improved people’s physical and mental health.
Temperature-Dependent Soil Organic Carbon Turnover in Taiwan’s Forests Revealed by Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis
Authors: Zheng Li-Wei , Wu Meng , Li Qianhui , Zheng Zhenzhen , Huang Zhen , Lee Tsung-Yu , Kao Shuh-Ji
Published: February 2025

High-standing islands, such as Taiwan, offer unique opportunities to study soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics due to their steep terrains, rapid erosion, and strong climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated 54 forest soil profiles across northern, central, and southern Taiwan to assess SOC inventories and turnover using stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analyses. We applied Rayleigh fractionation modeling to vertical δ13C enrichment patterns and derived the parameter β, which serves as a proxy for SOC turnover rates. Our findings reveal that SOC stocks increase notably with elevation, aligning with lower temperatures and reduced decomposition rates at higher altitudes. Conversely, mean annual precipitation (MAP) did not show a straightforward relationship with SOC stocks or β, highlighting the moderating effects of soil drainage, topography, and local hydrological conditions. Intriguingly, higher soil nitrogen levels were associated with a negative correlation to ln(β), underscoring the complex interplay between nutrient availability and SOC decomposition. Overall, temperature emerges as the dominant factor governing SOC turnover, indicating that ongoing and future warming could accelerate SOC losses, especially in cooler, high-elevation zones currently acting as stable carbon reservoirs. These insights underscore the need for models and management practices that account for intricate temperature, moisture, and nutrient controls on SOC stability, as well as the value of stable isotopic tools for evaluating soil carbon dynamics in mountainous environments.
Effects of Oasis Evolution on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function in Arid Areas
Authors: Tang Junhu , Zhu Haiqiang , Ma Xinyu , Ding Zhaolong , Luo Yan , Wang Xiaofei , Gao Rui , Gong Lu
Published: February 2025

Soil is an important link in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements. The soil environment, especially the soil water, nutrients, and salts, undergoes profound changes in the process of oasis evolution. As a key component of the soil ecosystem in an oasis, soil microbial communities are strongly influenced by environmental factors and have feedback effects on them. However, the response of the soil microbial community structure and function to the process of oasis evolution and its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the effects of different land-use types, including cotton field (CF), orchard (OR), forest land (FL), waste land (WL) and sand land (SL), on the soil microbial community structure and function were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the cotton field had the highest soil water content, showing a significant difference compared with the other land-use types. Forest land had the highest soil pH, also showing a significant difference compared with the other land-use types. Among the land-use types with different degrees of oasis evolution, Pseudarthrobacter and Actinomycetota were the dominant phyla, with higher relative abundance. The main metabolic pathways in the cotton field, sand land, and waste land were L-glutamine biosynthesis, ornithine cycle, and nitrate reduction V. The soil total salt, moisture content, pH, and available potassium were the important soil physicochemical factors influencing soil microorganisms. This study will deepen our understanding of the role of soil microbial communities in the process of oasis evolution and provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and desertification control in arid areas.
Investigating the Impact of the Degree of Sharpness on the Microstructure of Fresh-Cut Apples
Authors: Incardona Alessia , Amodio Maria Luisa , Derossi Antonio , Colelli Giancarlo
Published: February 2025

Mechanical damage significantly affects the quality and shelf-life of fresh-cut produce. Understanding and controlling the effects of mechanical damage is essential for developing nutritionally rich and sensorially acceptable products. This study investigated how the efficacy of cutting tools may cause mechanical damage to the tissues of Golden Delicious apples, affecting their main physical, chemical, and microstructural properties. The apples were sliced using one kitchen knife with four Degrees of Sharpness (DoS), from sharp (DoS1) to blunt (DoS4). Over 15 days of storage, the apples cut with a DoS1 maintained a higher L* value of 80.1, with minimal changes in the a* value. The apples cut with a blunt knife (DoS4) showed a significant decrease in L* to 78.1 and an increase in the a* value from 1.2 to 3.3. X-ray micro-CT imaging revealed that the porosity at the surface of the apples cut with a DoS1 was 15%, compared to 19% for those cut with a DoS4. Additionally, the DoS4 samples showed greater structural separation at the cut surface, suggesting a larger solid fraction and lower overall quality. This study concludes that the use of blunt tools can cause damage that negatively impacts the overall post-cut quality as a result of the changes induced in the internal microstructure.
The Transfer, Prevalence, Persistence, and Recovery of DNA from Body Areas in Forensic Science: A Review
Authors: Woollacott Cara , Goray Mariya , van Oorschot Roland A. H. , Taylor Duncan
Published: February 2025

Forensic and medical examiners are often required to sample the body of a victim (either living or deceased), or a suspect of a criminal offence, for foreign DNA. This can provide useful information when the alleged activity involves the presence of various bodily fluids such as blood, semen, and/or saliva, as well as skin contact made between a perpetrator and a victim. Optimal recovery techniques for the collection of DNA evidence, following crime-relevant skin contact, can be dependent on the surface being sampled. Additional factors to consider include the body areas typically contacted during various activities and the likelihood of non-self-DNA being present in those areas prior to contacts of interest. Therefore, an understanding of DNA transfer, prevalence, persistence, and recovery on a body can aid in the interpretation of DNA results given activity-level questions and increase the value of the findings from this type of evidence. This review aims to summarise research on DNA-TPPR concerning various human body surfaces following different types of activities. This review examines the prevalence of background DNA on different skin surfaces, the reported DNA transfer associated with different forms of contact, and how different cofounding factors can affect the persistence of DNA.
Fluoride Release from Two Commercially Available Dental Fluoride Gels—In Vitro Study
Authors: Piszko Paweł J. , Piszko Aleksandra , Kiryk Sylwia , Kiryk Jan , Kensy Julia , Michalak Mateusz , Matys Jacek , Dobrzyński Maciej
Published: February 2025

Fluoride has remained the most important ingredient in the prevention of tooth decay for many years. Therefore, fluoride prophylaxis should be highly individualized to provide patients with maximum benefits while minimizing the risk of toxic effects. This study aims to compare the degree of fluoride ion release from two commercially available dental fluoride gels (Fluormex and Fluor Protector Gel) in five different physiological solutions as well as their effect on pH. The concentration of fluoride ions and pH of tap water, distilled water, demineralized water, NaCl, and artificial saliva were evaluated before and after 48 h after dissolving and incubating the same amounts of gels. The concentration of fluoride ions was higher in solutions containing Fluormex than Fluor Pro-tector Gel (p < 0.05), with the highest concentration in demineralized water (16,917 ppm). It was accompanied by a decrease in pH below the critical value of 5.5 in all solutions except tap water. Not only the composition of the gel but also the chemical composition of the environment affects the release of fluoride ions. No relationship was found between the change in pH and the concentration of fluoride ions.
Living with Long COVID in a Southern State: A Comparison of Black and White Residents of North Carolina
Authors: Pilkington William , Bauer Brooke E. , Doherty Irene A.
Published: February 2025

Long COVID can devastate patients’ overall quality of life, extending to economic, psychosocial, and mental health and day-to-day activities. Clinical research suggests that long COVID is more severe among Black and African American populations in the United States. This study examines the lived and lasting effects of long COVID among a diverse sample of North Carolina residents over one year by using three self-administered questionnaires completed online using Qualtrics. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the baseline results is presented. Our study recruited 258 adults, of which 51.5% had long COVID (but may have recovered), 32.3% had a COVID-19 infection at least once, and 16.3% had never had COVID-19. The socioeconomic status of Black participants was lower than that of White participants; however, the economic impact of long COVID was not worse. Across both groups, 64.4% were employed, 28.8% had to change tasks or work less, and 19.8% stopped working. Fewer White (32.6%) than Black (54.8%) participants always/often felt supported by family and friends about having long COVID. The majority of White participants (59.1%) reported that they did not recover from long COVID compared to 29.7% of Black participants. The long COVID/COVID-19 experience affected White and Black participants differently, but both populations continue feel the impacts.
Development of Stable, Maleimide-Functionalized Peptidoliposomes Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Michel Olga , Kaczorowska Aleksandra , Matusewicz Lucyna , Piórkowska Kliwia , Golec Marlena , Fus Wiktoria , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz , Sikorski Aleksander F. , Czogalla Aleksander
Published: February 2025

Throughout the last 5 years, extensive research has been carried out towards the development of effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Regardless of the worldwide efforts, only a few drugs have passed clinical trials, and there is still a need to develop therapies, especially for those who are particularly vulnerable to a severe disease course. Maleimide-functionalized liposomes are proposed to serve as a platform for the immobilization, stabilization, and delivery of a short peptide sequence with high affinity towards severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, extensive optimizations should be performed in order to achieve features required for a reliable drug candidate, such as homogeneity of physical parameters and their long-term stability. Here, we present a step-by-step development process for maleimide-functionalized liposomes, which—once decorated with the SARS-CoV-2-binding peptide—could inhibit the infection progress of COVID-19. The main emphasis is placed on defining optimal lipid composition and formation conditions of PEGylated liposomes. We propose that the developed nanocarrier technology can be used as a universal platform for the construction of multiple antiviral agents.
Alteration of Serum Gal-3 Levels in Endometrium-Related Reproductive Disorders
Authors: Brubel Reka , Polgar Beata , Szereday Laszlo , Balogh Dora Bianka , Toth Tunde , Mate Szabolcs , Csibi Noemi , Dobo Noemi , Hudelist Gernot , Acs Nandor , Bokor Attila
Published: February 2025

Endometriosis, a benign, chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, affects 15% of women of reproductive age. Galectins, a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, regulate inflammation and autoimmunity and are widely expressed in reproductive tissues. This study aimed to assess Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels in the serum of patients with endometriosis compared to asymptomatic controls and investigate serum Gal-3 level changes over a one-year follow-up period of patients with endometriosis. To determine the levels of soluble Gal-3 in the serum of women with endometriosis or gynecological tumors as well as healthy controls, a human Gal-3-specific ELISA was used. Our findings revealed significantly elevated serum Gal-3 levels in patients with endometriosis compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, Gal-3 concentrations were markedly higher in patients with malignant gynecological transformation of the endometrium than in patients with or without endometriosis. During the one-year follow-up, patients with endometriosis exhibited a progressive increase in serum Gal-3 levels. These findings highlight the potential of Gal-3 as a biomarker for endometriosis and related gynecological conditions. However, further prospective studies with larger, more representative patient cohorts are needed to validate its clinical value.
Multiplex PCR–Mass Spectrometry Mini-Sequencing Technology Detected Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to Six Antibiotics
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhao Xin , Zhang Huifang , He Lihua , Meng Fanliang , Zhang Jianzhong , Xiao Di
Published: February 2025

The abuse of antibiotics has led to widespread resistance to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the population. There is an urgent need to establish a method to detect multiple antibiotic resistance rapidly. This study aimed to construct a novel strategy for the high-throughput detection of H. pylori’s resistance to varying antibiotics using multiplex PCR–mass spectrometry mini-sequencing (mPCR-MS mini-sequencing) technology. This study detected the resistance of H. pylori to six antibiotics using eight mutated sites (23S rRNA-2143; pbp1A-1667, 1684, 1240; gyrA-261, 271, 573; and 16S rRNA-928) of four resistance genes (pbp1A, gyrA, 23S rRNA, and 16S rRNA), and 525 were detected in all 528 results (99.43%). Then, the culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) method was used as a reference for drug resistance detection. We found that the consistency rate between mPCR-MS mini-sequencing with the DST results of amoxicillin (AMX), moxifloxacin (MOX), levofloxacin (LEV), clarithromycin (CLA), azithromycin (AZI), and tetracycline (TET) were 95.5% (63/66), 77.3% (51/66), 68.2% (45/66), 93.9% (62/66), 92.4% (61/66), and 97.0% (64/66), respectively. This method was high-throughput and extensible, easily improving the entire detection system by adding new mutation sites. mPCR-MS mini-sequencing technology provides a new approach to mutation sites related to H. pylori’s antibiotic resistance.
Do Random Forest-Driven Climate Envelope Models Require Variable Selection? A Case Study on Crustulina guttata (Theridiidae: Araneae)
Authors: Kwon Tae-Sung , Choi Won Il , Kim Min-Jung
Published: February 2025

Climate Envelope Models (CEMs) commonly employ 19 bioclimatic variables to predict species distributions, yet selecting which variables to include remains a critical challenge. Although it seems logical to select ecologically relevant variables, the biological responses of many target species are poorly understood. Random Forest (RF), a popular method in CEMs, can effectively handle correlated and nonlinear variables. In light of these strengths, this study explores the full model hypothesis, which involves using all 19 bioclimatic variables in an RF model, using Crustulina guttata (Theridiidae: Araneae) as a test case. Four model variants—a simplified model with two variables, an ecologically selected model with seven variables, a statistically selected model with ten variables, and a full model with nineteen variables—were compared against a thousand randomly assembled models with matching variable counts. All models achieved high performance, though results varied based on the number of variables employed. Notably, the full model consistently produced stronger predictions than models with fewer variables. Moreover, specifying particular variables did not yield a significant advantage over random selections of equally sized sets, indicating that omitting variables may risk the loss of important information. Although the final model suggests that C. guttata may have dispersed beyond its native European range through artificial means, this study examined only a single species. Thus, caution is warranted in generalizing these findings, and additional research is needed to determine whether the full model hypothesis extends to other taxa and environmental contexts. In scenarios where ecological knowledge is limited, however, using all available variables in an RF model may preserve potentially significant predictors and enhance predictive accuracy.
A YOLO-Based Model for Detecting Stored-Grain Insects on Surface of Grain Bulks
Authors: Zhu Xueyan , Li Dandan , Zheng Yancheng , Ma Yiming , Yan Xiaoping , Zhou Qing , Wang Qin , Zheng Yili
Published: February 2025

Accurate, rapid, and intelligent stored-grain insect detection and counting are important for integrated pest management (IPM). Existing stored-grain insect pest detection models are often not suitable for detecting tiny insects on the surface of grain bulks and often require high computing resources and computational memory. Therefore, this study presents a YOLO-SGInsects model based on YOLOv8s for tiny stored-grain insect detection on the surface of grain bulk by adding a tiny object detection layer (TODL), adjusting the neck network with an asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN), and incorporating a hybrid attention transformer (HAT) module into the backbone network. The YOLO-SGInsects model was trained and tested using a GrainInsects dataset with images captured from granaries and laboratory. Experiments on the test set of the GrainInsects dataset showed that the YOLO-SGInsects achieved a stored-grain insect pest detection mean average precision (mAP) of 94.2%, with a counting root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.7913, representing 2.0% and 0.3067 improvement over the YOLOv8s, respectively. Compared to other mainstream approaches, the YOLO-SGInsects model achieves better detection and counting performance and is capable of effectively handling tiny stored-grain insect pest detection in grain bulk surfaces. This study provides a technical basis for detecting and counting common stored-grain insect pests on the surface of grain bulk.
Ecologo-Geographic Distribution Patterns of the Italian Locust Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Easternmost Part of Its Range
Authors: Sergeev Michael G. , Childebaev Muratbek K. , Ji Rong , Molodtsov Vladimir V. , Baturina Natalya S. , Van’kova Irina A. , Kim-Kashmenskaya Marya N. , Popova Kristina V. , Zharkov Vasily D. , Yefremova Oxana V.
Published: February 2025

Grasshoppers (Acridoidea) are one of the most essential components of grassland ecosystems. They are mainly primary consumers and some of them, e.g., the Italian locust, may be very important pests. The main goal of this article is to discuss possible shifts in the species distribution relative to global and local changes. General patterns of latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal distribution of its populations are revealed for the eastern part of its range (mainly from 70° E eastward). Data on its historic and modern localities with geographic coordinates were collected and analyzed. The Maxent approach was used to model species distribution. The comparative analysis shows there are no significant changes in its range. The analysis of altitudinal distribution over mountains of the region demonstrates no significant changes as well. The expected distribution of Calliptamus italicus based on the location points displays significant changes in areas suitable for the species and their evident associations with outbreak occurrences. The models created for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060 unveil that, in the future, the local parts of the Italian locust range may shift northward and north-eastward, but the main areas with suitable conditions for this species will remain almost the same.
What Is the Significance of Placental Lakes in Pregnancy? A Historic Literature Review
Authors: Choi-Klier Joanna , Masters Stephanie , Lewis Danielle , Taylor Kaitlyn , Magann Everett F.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The presence of placental lakes has been recognized on obstetric ultrasounds for many years, although their influence on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes remains uncertain. Most studies evaluating outcomes are small and many outcomes are conflicting. The question remains whether placental lakes affect pregnancy outcomes and, if so, how and under what circumstances? The purpose of this review was to determine the incidence, diagnosis, pathology, management, and pregnancy outcomes to determine the influence of an isolated lake versus the influence of a lake with the presence of other factors on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, OVID, CINAHI, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched. The only limitation was the abstract/paper had to be in English. The search years were 1980–2023. The search terms included “placenta lake” AND “pregnancy outcomes”. Results: Of 323 abstracts identified, 26 full articles were selected as the basis of this review. A number of adverse outcomes have been reported with placenta lakes, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, and intrauterine fetal demise. Other studies reported no adverse outcomes. A number of factors in addition to the placental lake, such as the size of the lake, number of lakes, and presence of a thick placenta, might increase the risk of adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Unfavorable pregnancy outcomes may be related to placental lakes, particularly if the lakes are multiple and large and the placenta is thick. Additional large studies are needed to determine if antenatal surveillance is helpful.
Correction: Wiącek et al. Association between Transient-Continuous Hypotension during Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Final Infarct Volume in Patients with Proximal Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3707
Authors: Wiącek Marcin , Tomaszewska-Lampart Izabella , Dziedzic Marzena , Kaczorowska Anna , Bartosik-Psujek Halina
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
MMP13 mRNA Expression Level as a Potential Marker for Knee OA Progression—An Observational Study
Authors: Baran Kamila , Czechowska Aleksandra , Kopacz Karolina , Padula Gianluca , Migdalska-Sęk Monika , Tomaszewski Wiesław , Nowak Krzysztof , Domżalski Marcin , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common degenerative joint disease that has a significant negative impact on patients’ lives and which can lead to functional limitations and disability. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) is a key enzyme responsible for the degenerative changes in cartilage occurring during the pathogenesis of OA. This cohort study analyzed the differences in the expression level of MMP13 mRNA in articular cartilage with subchondral bone and in the synovium of patients with OA, according to the disease stage, in order to develop potential markers for OA progression, as well as for the degree of pain perception, in order to discover a molecular biomarker related to pain. Methods: In thirty-one patients (n = 31), the expression level of the studied gene was assessed in the affected and unaffected areas of the knee joint using the qPCR method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significantly higher expression level of MMP13 mRNA was noticed in the OA-affected articular cartilage with subchondral bone compared to the control tissue (p = 0.027, Mann–Whitney U test). The expression level of MMP13 mRNA was higher in patients with stage 4 knee OA than in those with stage 3, but the difference in MMP13 mRNA expression level was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test). A higher MMP13 mRNA expression level was noticed in the OA-affected synovium compared to the control tissue (median RQ: 0.068 and 0.037, respectively), but these differences were not significant (p > 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test). A significantly higher MMP13 mRNA expression level was observed in the synovium of stage 4 knee OA patients compared to stage 3 patients (p = 0.015, Mann–Whitney U test). There was no significant difference in the expression level of MMP13 mRNA between both tissues, i.e., the articular cartilage with subchondral bone and the synovium from the stage 3 group and the control tissue (p > 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test); however, a significant difference was found between these tissues in stage 4 and in the control tissue (p = 0.014, Mann–Whitney U test). Conclusions: The results of our pilot study indicated the diagnostic potential of MMP13 mRNA and proved its role in the development and progression of OA. Further studies are needed to verify the potential utility of MMP13 mRNA in the development of molecularly targeted therapy for patients with OA.
Laser-Based Manufacturing II
Authors: Riveiro Antonio , Comesaña Rafael , Pou-Álvarez Pablo , González-Quintas Mario , Calvo-García Erik
Published: February 2025

Laser-based manufacturing technologies have consolidated their key position among competitor manufacturing technologies thanks to the elevated level of accuracy, productivity, consistency, and flexibility provided by the advances in laser technology (e [...]
A First Look at Financial Data Analysis Using ChatGPT-4o
Authors: Chou Wen-Hsiu (Julia) , Feng Zifeng , Li Bingxin , Liu Feng
Published: February 2025

OpenAI’s new flagship model, ChatGPT-4o, released on 13 May 2024, offers enhanced natural language understanding and more coherent responses. This paper investigates ChatGPT-4o’s capabilities in financial data analysis, including zero-shot prompting, time series analysis, risk and return analysis, and ARMA-GARCH estimation. ChatGPT-4o’s performance is generally comparable to traditional statistical software like Stata, though some errors and discrepancies arise due to differences in implementation. Despite these issues, our findings indicate that ChatGPT-4o has significant potential for real-world financial analysis. Integrating ChatGPT-4o into financial research and practice may lead to more efficient data processing, improved analytical capabilities, and better-informed investment decisions.
Simulation of the Potential Effect of Meteorological Condition Variations on Forage Production in Native Pastures in the Warm Climate of Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Almanza Eliecer David , Cleves-Leguizamo José Alejandro , Salgado-Ordosgoitia Rodrigo Daniel
Published: February 2025

The increasing variability of climatic conditions poses significant challenges for agricultural and livestock systems worldwide. In regions with warm climates, such as northern Colombia, the effects of changing temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are particularly pronounced, influencing the productivity and sustainability of native pastures. To address these challenges, modeling tools provide a valuable means of understanding and predicting forage production dynamics under diverse climatic scenarios, enabling farmers to make informed decisions that enhance resilience and sustainability. This research was conducted in Córdoba, Colombia, with the objective of evaluating the impact of climatic variations in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration on forage production in native pastures in hot climates in northern Colombia. Modeling tools were used to assess the potential yield of pastures based on climate conditions, enabling the understanding and addressing of challenges associated with climatic fluctuations in estimated production. To plan animal grazing, climate variability from 2018 to 2021, a period influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, was analyzed. This type of integrated analysis, which combines meteorological data, soil, crops, and evaluation of animal load per unit area, is an ideal and practical approach to addressing productivity challenges associated with climatic variability in livestock production in the warm climate of Colombia. The results confirmed the significant impact of climatic conditions on forage production, leading to the conclusion that simulation tools for water use in Bothriochloa “Colosuana” pastures are relevant for efficient water resource management, particularly during the dry season and drought events. This allows for anticipating the impacts of climate change on agriculture and livestock, facilitating timely and sustainable decision-making by farmers.
Enhancing Precision Agriculture for Climate Change Mitigation in Visegrad Countries: Factors Shaping Adaptation
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Csambalik László
Published: February 2025

As climate change intensifies, organic agriculture faces new challenges in maintaining sustainability and environmental health. Precision agriculture offers climate-smart solutions by enabling resource efficient and data-driven farming. However, the adoption of precision agriculture technologies (PATs) is influenced by various socio-economic factors, behavioral factors, financial factors, institutional factors and technological factors. Adaptation factors for precision agriculture technologies and their application in response to climate change were identified through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 58 papers from journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The investigation was performed for the Visegrad group countries: Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. Some of these technologies include satellite imaging, remote sensing, soil moisture sensors, and precision irrigation systems, which enable more efficient use of water, fertilizers, and energy. Through a comparative analysis of the application of precision agriculture technologies in the V4 countries, this review underscores the importance of tailored PA approaches to address a specific climate challenge and promote sustainable agricultural practices in the V4 countries.
Beyond Boundaries: Ecological Assemblage in The Country of the Pointed Firs
Authors: Lyu Hui
Published: February 2025

Employing assemblage theory, this article furthers the ecocriticism of Jewett’s works by exploring the complex ecological network of humans, the natural environment, and nonhumans created in The Country of the Pointed Firs. This article argues that the novel dismantles traditional dichotomies, such as culture/nature, self/outer environment, and human/nonhuman, and presents these categories as part of a dynamic, interconnected ecological assemblage. The analysis examines three aspects of the assemblage in the novel: first, the assemblage of nature and culture; second, the assemblage of human and nonhuman; and third, the dynamics, contingencies, and uncertainties of the ecological assemblage. This study concludes that though written at the end of the 19th century, The Country of the Pointed Firs anticipates contemporary ideas of assemblage theory, demonstrating its enduring relevance to contemporary ecocritical discourse.
Research Progresses on Nano-Structured Silicon-Based Materials as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Xiang , Cheng Weidong , Liu Huanyan , Chen Haiqing , Ma Jiahui , Zhang Yihan , Wu Zhaojun , Wang Chaohui , You Yuan , Xing Xueqing , Wu Zhonghua
Published: February 2025

Silicon-based materials are considered the most promising next-generation anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity, rich reserves, and advantages of low discharge potential. However, the significant volume expansion of silicon during the cycling process leads to the detachment of active substances and the loss of electrical contact between the active substances and the current collector, ultimately resulting in a decline in battery performance. Nanostructured anodes have advantages of high specific surface area, short diffusion path, and the ability to effectively alleviate the volume expansion of electrode material during circulation. Therefore, how to rationally design the nanostructured silicon-based anodes is currently one of the research hotspots. This article first reviews and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of microstructured and nano-structured silicon anodes in rate performance, discusses cycle stability and volumetric energy density, and discusses and summarizes the lithium storage mechanism of silicon-based materials, with a focus on the influence of some nanostructured silicon anodes and silicon/carbon composites and conductive polymers and silicon/metal composites on the electrochemical properties of materials. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of silicon-based materials are proposed.
Relationships Between Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Commercial Vermiculites
Authors: Lahchich Ayoub , Álvarez-Lloret Pedro , Reynes Javier F. , Marcos Celia
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effects of thermal (1000 °C), hydrothermal (100 °C), mechanochemical (ambient T), and microwave (~100 °C) treatments on three types of Chinese vermiculites, one with lower potassium content than the others. The goal was to obtain materials with enhanced properties related to specific surface areas. The response of the vermiculites to treatments and their physicochemical properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG and DTG), and textural characterization via the BET method. XRD analyses showed similar mineral composition in treated and untreated samples, but the treatments affected the intensity and width of phase reflections, altering crystallinity and structural order, as well as the proportions of vermiculite, hydrobiotite, and phlogopite. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed two mass loss stages: water desorption (from 25 °C to about 250 °C) and recrystallization or dehydroxylation (above 800 °C). The isotherms indicated mesoporous characteristics, with hydrothermally CO2-treated samples having the highest specific surface area and adsorption capacity. The samples with vermiculite, hydrobiotite, and phlogopite generally showed moderate to high specific surface area (SBET) values, and mechanochemical treatments significantly increase SBET and pore volume (Vp) in the vermiculite and hydrobiotite samples. Crystallinity affects SBET, average Vp, and average pore size, and its monitoring is crucial to achieve the desired material characteristics, as higher crystallinity can reduce SBET but improve mechanical strength and thermal stability. This study highlights the influence of different treatments on vermiculite properties, providing valuable insights into their potential applications in various fields (such as thermal insulation in vehicles and aircraft, and the selective adsorption of gases and liquids in industrial processes, improving the strength and durability of building materials like cement and bricks).