bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of paranasal sinus, chest, and abdomen/pelvis computed tomography in patients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: Tran Charles , de Kerviler Éric , Bergeron Anne , Raffoux Emmanuel , Xhaard Aliénor , de Bazelaire Cédric , de Margerie-Mellon Constance
Published: January 2025

Objective

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious clinical event, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Imaging has a central role in the identification of the fever cause. The study objectives were to assess abnormalities of potential infectious origin on paranasal sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis CT scans performed during an episode of FN, in patients with or without specific clinical signs, and to evaluate their impact on the frequency of changes in treatment.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 306 patients with FN from a single academic center between October 2018 and December 2019. Clinical and biological data, final clinical diagnosis for the FN episode, and change in treatment following CT scans were collected from medical records. CT images were reviewed for positive findings in each anatomical region.

Results

Overall, 188 patients (61.4%) had at least one positive CT finding on paranasal sinus, chest and/or abdomen/pelvis regions, and 153 patients (50.0%) received a final clinical diagnosis of infection, based on microbiological and/or radiological findings. There were more chest and abdomen/pelvis CT positive findings in patients with specific clinical signs than in patients without (65.7% vs. 25.8%, and 59.0% vs. 22.7% respectively, p <0.001), with a higher frequency of therapeutic modifications in positive CTs. There were significantly more paranasal sinus CT abnormalities in symptomatic patients (33.3% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.03), but without any impact on treatment.

Conclusion

These results support recommendations to perform systematic chest CT in patients with FN and may encourage the widespread use of abdomen/pelvis CT in this indication, even without symptoms. However, the actual impact of their use on the prognosis of the patients remains to be evaluated.
Spatial analysis of socioeconomic data and its relationship with illicit crops in Nariño-Colombia
Authors: Grajales-Marín Andrés Fernando , Sepúlveda-Murillo Fabio Humberto , Tapia Alex , Tabares Alexander
Published: January 2025

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to eradicate poverty and promote sustainable development; however, socioeconomic disparities persist globally, particularly in Colombia. With a Gini index of 0.556 in 2022, Colombia ranks among the most unequal countries in Latin America, with its southwest region of Nariño facing severe socioeconomic challenges. Concurrently, Nariño registers the highest levels of coca cultivation in Colombia, accounting for 65% of national cocaine production, reflecting the region’s precarious conditions. This study investigates the extent to which the spatial distribution of socioeconomic factors explains coca cultivation patterns in Nariño. Grounded in conflict economics, social capital, and social marginalization theories, the research constructs composite indices representing education, health, public services, economic conditions, and vulnerability. Using spatial analysis, it identifies areas with heightened poverty and vulnerability and examines their relationship with illicit crops. The findings highlight spatial non-stationarity in the factors influencing coca cultivation, offering region-specific insights and policy recommendations to combat illicit crops and foster sustainable development. These results provide a foundation for targeted interventions and contribute to broader strategies addressing inequality and illegal economies in Colombia.
“Malos padres” en las Vidas paralelas de Plutarco. Una aproximación
Authors: Méndez Santiago Borja
Published: January 2025

Este artículo pretende analizar las malas relaciones entre padres e hijos dentro de las Vidas paralelas de Plutarco. Su estudio nos permitirá incidir, una vez más, en la acusada separación entre un estado de cosas ideal, reflejado en los Moralia, con las realidades trufadas de conflicto que observamos en las Vidas. Más que conformarnos con elaborar un mero listado de pasajes que constate la (evidente) existencia de malos padres en la antigüedad grecorromana, trataremos de explicar no solo los rasgos que hacen que un padre sea considerado “malo”, sino que abordaremos, también, qué motivaciones y causas solían encontrarse detrás de las malas relaciones entre padres e hijos. Plutarco, en sus biografías, se mostró particularmente interesado en discernir las repercusiones de estas disputas en el doble plano individual (privado) y colectivo (estatal), aunque bien es cierto que suele privilegiar esta última visión, pues resultaba mucho más interesante de cara a satisfacer una de las mayores ambiciones por las que escribió sus Vidas: contribuir a la adecuada formación ética y moral de nuevas generaciones de griegos y romanos pertenecientes a la élite.
Plutarco, Q.C. 9.15 (747A-748D)
Authors: Volpe Cacciatore Paola
Published: January 2025

Nella Quaestio convivalis 9.15 Plutarco affronta un tema verso il quale mostra grande interesse, ossia l’introduzione di un nuovo genere teatrale, il pantomimo; di esso Plutarco indica e chiarisce quali sono le tre fasi, i tre tempi (φορά, σχῆμα, δεῖξις). Il testo, di cui si fornisce la traduzione, è corredato da note di commento.
O Mito das Danaides em suas fontes: Tradução e notas
Authors: Mota Marcus
Published: January 2025

O mito das Danaides é registrado com variações em diversos textos poéticos e não poéticos da Antiguidade Clássica. Neste artigo são recolhidos e traduzidos os principais textos que colaboram para construir a recepção do mito em suas tentativas de se construir uma saga para figuras femininas e suas ambivalências.
A Parallel Approach to Generate Sports Highlights from Match Videos Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sivaraman Arjun , Kannuchamy Tarun , Anand Anmol , Dheer Shivam , Mishra Devansh , Prasanth Narayanan , Raja S. P.
Published: January 2025

Publishing highlights after a sports game is a common practice in the broadcast industry, providing viewers with a quick summary of the game and highlighting interesting events. However, the manual process of compiling all the clips into a single video can be time-consuming and cumbersome for video editors. Therefore, the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for sports highlight generation would significantly reduce the time and effort required to create these videos and improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of the process. This would benefit not only the broadcast industry but also sports fans who are looking for a quick and engaging way to catch up on the latest games. The objective of the paper is to develop an AI model that automates the process of sports highlight generation by taking a match video as input and returning the highlights of the game. The approach involves creating a list of words (wordnet) that indicate a highlight and comparing it with the commentary audio’s transcript to find a similarity, making use of a speech-to-text conversion, followed by some pre-processing of the extracted text, vectorization and finally measurement of the cosine similarity metric between the text and the wordnet. However, this process can become time-consuming too, in case of longer match videos, as the computation times of the AI models become inefficient. So, we used a parallel processing technique to counter the time required by the AI models to compute the outputs on large match videos, which can decrease the overall time complexity and increase the overall throughput of the model.
Optimal Positioning and Sizing of Distributed Energy Sources in Distribution System Using Hunter-Prey Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: Rajakumar P. , Senthil Kumar M. , Karunanithi K. , Prakash S. Vinoth John , Baburao P. , Raja S. P.
Published: January 2025

The integration of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy (RE), in distribution power networks (DPN) has become indispensable for reducing power losses and voltage deviation along the DPN. Typical DGs are placed adjacent to the load in DPN and locally distribute adequate active and reactive power. However, the appropriate placement of DG in DPN at the right location and size is essential to achieve the desired objectives. In this paper, DG is optimized into radial DPN with the aid of a recent bio-inspired hunter-prey optimization (HPO) algorithm. HPO is a bio-inspired and population-based optimization algorithm that mimics the hunting action of an animal. The HPO algorithm evades the local optimal stagnation and reaches the optimal solution rapidly. HPO optimizes solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) DG systems to minimize multi-objective functions (MOFs) including active power loss (APL) and voltage deviation (VD), and to enhance voltage stability (VS). An optimized solution has been obtained for a standard IEEE 69-bus radial DPN and the optimized simulation result of HPO has been compared with other optimization algorithms with the aim of assessing its effectiveness. The optimized PV and WT DG integration via the proposed HPO algorithm has yielded a power loss reduction of 67.10 % and 90.4 %, respectively. Furthermore, a considerable enhancement in bus voltage and voltage stability has been seen in radial DPN after the inclusion of DG.
Performance Analysis of Software-Defined Networking in Band Controllers for Different Network Topologies
Authors: Al-Gubouri Hussein Ali
Published: January 2025

With the great increase in the complexity of networking, software-defined networks have been developed to help administrators operate and configure network services with controllers such as Pox, Ryu, Floodlight and OpenDaylight. Those controllers offer an appropriate platform for applications that need high bandwidth. In this paper, several SDN controllers have been evaluated using in-band communication mode with different network topologies to check the performance of the in-band controllers. Some controllers cannot operate with an in-band controller such as Pox. The controllers were evaluated with Mininet by using iperf and ping networking tools, the packet latency round trip time RTT and the comparison of the throughput of the three topologies. The results of the experiments showed that in-band controllers can be implemented and have efficient results. Results showed that OpenDaylight has the lower value of RTT so it is the best for the applications that need fast response. Ryu has a greater bandwidth value, so it is the best for applications that need high bandwidth. Floodlight comes third in order, after OpenDaylight and Ryu, respectively.
Federico Silva Muñoz y la transición española. Cuando el aperturismo franquista chocó con la democracia
Authors: Fernández Adrián Magaldi
Published: January 2025

Federico Silva Muñoz fue una de las voces más reconocidas del aperturismo mesofranquista. Conocido con el sobrenombre de «ministro eficacia» por su gestión de la cartera de Obras Públicas, los sectores católicos del régimen no tardaron en apelar a Silva como máximo representante del horizonte aperturista y, posteriormente, del reformismo. Sin embargo, cuando se inició la construcción de la nueva democracia, Silva se mostró anclado en las estrechas coordenadas del régimen, convirtiéndose en uno de los fundadores de Alianza Popular durante sus orígenes neofranquistas. Frustrado con la evolución del cambio y contrario a la Constitución, acabó situado en los márgenes del sistema como representante de una derecha reaccionaria anticonstitucional. El recorrido por la trayectoria biográfica de Federico Silva durante la Transición española permitirá arrojar luz sobre la compleja evolución del discurso aperturista en su origen, evolución y limitaciones, así como la difícil vertebración de la derecha española ante la nueva democracia.
Quantum wave entropy
Authors: xiao lin li
Published: January 2025

In quantum mechanics, particles have a new type of probabilistic property, which is quantum wave probability. Corresponding to this new probability, the particle has the property of quantum wave entropy, and it has the property of quantum wave temperature. Based on the quantum wave entropy, the Unruh formula, the black hole entropy formula, and the Verlinde entropy gravitational formula can be easily derived. It proves that these three formulas are not independent of each other, but are related to each other. These three formulas have the same physical origin, which is quantum wave entropy. The quantum wave temperature has similar properties to the Unruh temperature. The quantum wave temperature is not only directly proportional to acceleration, but also inversely proportional to velocity. The Unruh temperature is just a light speed case of quantum wave temperatures. Compared to the Unruh temperature, the quantum wave temperature is significantly larger and easier to test experimentally. All experiments to test the Unruh effect can be used to test the theory of quantum wave entropy. We can use experiments to test whether the theory is true. The quantum wave entropy can solve the contradiction between the time reversal symmetry of the dynamical equation and the law of entropy increase. The action corresponds to quantum wave entropy. The least action principle corresponds to the stationary quantum wave entropy principle. The quantum wave entropy creates a bridge between the dynamical equations and thermodynamics.
Leveraging Ontology-Driven Machine Learning for Public Policy Analysis: A Systematic Review of Social Media Applications
Authors: Kero ADMAS , Demissie Dawit , Kekeba Kula
Published: January 2025

As social media platforms increasingly serve, machine learning techniques are formulated with particular ontologies, which furnish invaluable resources. This qualitative literature review investigates the incorporation of ontology-driven machine learning methodologies for analysing public policy utilizing social media data. This review encompasses findings from scholarly research published between 2019 and 2024 that apply ontologies to enhance models' interpretation, precision, and flexibility across diverse sectors, including health, environment, economy, and culture. An integrated methodology is adopted to identify, select, and evaluate pertinent studies by scrutinizing elements such as genre ontology, machine learning, existing literature, and evaluation metrics. The findings indicate that the ontology-centric framework facilitates the extraction process and semantic analysis, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced comprehension of unstructured data. Nonetheless, obstacles persist in ontology development concerning capacity enhancement, data integrity, and ethical considerations. The review concludes with a discourse on the ramifications for policymakers and researchers who may leverage these insights to guide decision-making, and scholars are now urged to confront limitations and investigate novel platforms, metrics, and ethical frameworks. The review underscores the potential of ontology-driven machine learning as a formidable strategy in the advancement of policy research and social analysis.
2025 IGWS calendar
Authors: Wilkins Kristen , Sturgeon Polly
Published: January 2025

The Indiana Geological and Water Survey's 2025 calendar focuses on geologists using mapping to help locate Indiana geohazards. 
Landslides, earthquakes, karst, mine subsidence, and coastal erosion are all geologic hazards in Indiana. IGWS geologists are responding to these dangers by creating updated maps to support informed land-use decisions. Homeowners, educators, and emergency responders can use IGWS research to identify geologic hazards and mitigate their danger.
Learn about IGWS’s hazard research by visiting igws.indiana.edu/hazards.
Konzepte zur Pathophysiologie des Post-COVIDSyndroms
Authors: Chatzikonstantinou A.
Published: January 2025

Das Post-COVID-Syndrom (PCS) stellt eine multisystemische Erkrankung dar, die unabhängig von der Schwere der initialen COVID-19-Erkrankung auftritt und eine Vielzahl von Symptomen umfasst. PCS ähnelt in vielen Aspekten anderen postinfektiösen Dauerzuständen und der Myalgischen Enzephalomyelitis/dem chronischen Fatigue-Syndrom, was auf eine gemeinsame Pathophysiologie hinweist. Die pathophysiologischen Mechanismen von PCS sind vielfältig. Direkte Effekte des neurotropen Virus sind bei der Entstehung von PCS wichtig. Immunologische Dysfunktionen, darunter die Persistenz von Autoantikörpern und eine anhaltende Immunreaktion, spielen eine zentrale Rolle. Autoantikörper können zu neurologischen und autonomen Dysfunktionen führen. Zudem tragen Hyperinflammation und Neuroinflammation, verursacht durch eine übermäßige Freisetzung proinflammatorischer Zytokine, zu den Symptomen bei. Eine weitere bedeutende Rolle spielt die mitochondriale Dysfunktion, die durch SARS-CoV-2 induziert wird und die Leistungsfähigkeit und Immunantwort beeinträchtigt. Dies kann zu einer verminderten körperlichen Belastbarkeit und Fatigue führen. Zusätzlich wurden eine endotheliale Dysfunktion sowie Mikrothrombosierungen beobachtet, die zu zerebralen und kardiovaskulären Komplikationen führen. Das Mikrobiom, das diverse Körperfunktionen beeinflusst, zeigt bei COVID-19-Patienten anhaltende Störungen, die mit den vielfältigen Symptomen von PCS in Verbindung gebracht werden. Die gestörte Balance im Mikrobiom könnte daher neurologische, psychische und gastrointestinale Probleme bei PCS-Patienten erklären. Insgesamt erfordert das komplexe und multidimensionale Krankheitsbild von PCS weitere intensive Forschung, um die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen vollständig zu verstehen und effektive Behandlungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Schlüsselwörter: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Post-COVID-Syndrom, Pathophysiologie
Urban Ethnomusicology
Authors: Reyes Adelaida
Published: January 2025

The nature of urban ethnomusicology and its relations with its parent discipline have been nebulous almost from the start. Some four decades ago, when urban ethnomusicology first entered the ethnomusicological scene, the term was taken to signal an expansion of ethnomusicology's research field beyond self-contained societies into the urban area. It has now become clear that that expansion required a re-thinking of prevailing practices and theoretical orientations. To better define the issues at stake, this paper traces the development of urban ethnomusicology not as praxis but as idea. The essentially multidisciplinary nature of urban ethnomusicology is examined in the context of its relations with anthropology and sociology in particular. Problems and benefits derived from urban ethnomusicology's multidisciplinary heritage are identified for the purpose of putting ethnomusicology into the best possible position to meet the challenges posed by a world that is rapidly and inexorably becoming urbanized.
Acculturation Strategies in Musical Self-Presentations of Immigrants in the Czech Republic
Authors: Skořepová Honzlová Zita
Published: January 2025

This paper is based on my research dealing with musicians - members of different immigrant minority communities who explicitly identify themselves with their ethnicity and the region of their origin. The musicians mention that they come, e.g., from Cuba, Ukraine or generally from "Central Asia" and the music offered to the audience is presented as "Cuban," "Ukrainian folk" or "traditional music of Central Asia..." The subject of study is their concerts, regarded as musical occasions - performances - with defined modes of participants' interaction. In the Goffmanian sense, the meaning of each self-presentation is determined by the behavior of the musicians during the performances, and the repertoire, place and occasion of the event and type of audience are considered as "bearers of signs." In their self-presentations, the musicians expose in various ways who they are, where they come from and in various ways present the musical (not only) culture of their origin. Inspiring myself by typology of acculturation strategies formulated by John W. Berry (Berry et al. 1997), I try to identify acculturation strategies based on factors determining the character of the respective musical self-presentations of the immigrants. When can we observe behavior according to the principles of integration on the one hand and separation on the other? When using each strategy, how do the musicians assert themselves on the Czech musical scene?
Marta Kolářová (ed.): REVOLTA STYLEM. Hudební subkultury mládeže v České republice. [Revolt in Style. Music Youth Subcultures in the Czech Republic.]
Authors: Jonssonová Pavla
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Marta Kolářová.
Tomie Hahn: SENSATIONAL KNOWLEDGE. Embodying culture through Japanese dance.
Authors: Seidlová Veronika
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Tomie Hahn.
Národ a jazyk
Authors: Eckertová Eva
Published: January 2025

The paper debates the issues of immigration, national identity and language. It considers the goals, means and the role of language as tied to the construction of nation by Noam Webster in the United States, Josef Jungmann in Bohemia and other scholars. It examines the ideology of community unified by a shared language and other factors in the historical context of mass immigration to the U.S., the history of U.S. expansion, immigration policies and social attitudes. It contrasts two options of immigrant interaction with the receiving society, i.e., the assimilationist behaviour of German immigrants in Texas with the Czech immigrants’ efforts of building a nation in the new Texas homeland in the 19th century. In its conclusion, the article examines the vitality of the concepts of nation, community and multiculturalism.
Postoj státu k židovskému náboženskému společenství v českých zemích v letech 1956–1968
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

On October 14, 1949 the State Office for Church Affairs was established. This office was under the control of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. This study analyses the pillars of so-called church politics (control, repressions, economically and politically motivated “condescendence” in Czechoslovakia – one of the satellites of the Soviet Union) in the time of de-Stalinization and in the period of so-called reform Communism, culminating with the Prague Spring (1968). It focuses on the Jewish community in the Czech Lands (in 1965, the community had six to seven thousand members, whereas in 1967, not even five thousand). The study also shows that during this period, church politics was an outgrowth of party politics, which maintained censorship and atheism. Communist propaganda misused the Jewish community by creating an image of the Soviet Union and its allies as conscious fighters for peace, fighting against fascism and neo-Nazism in capitalist states.
Rodina Paloušova jakožto jedno z center českého disentu
Authors: Markupová Jana
Published: January 2025

Czech dissident culture is already an often-studied phenomenon, yet there are gaps that still need to be filled. One of them is focusing not only on well-known dissidents, but also on their family members, who often played important roles in keeping the dissident culture inside the family alive. This point of view, along with the focus on well-known dissidents are both represented in my bachelor’s thesis titled The Palouš Family as One of the Centers of Czech Dissident Culture – Oral History, written in 2011 at the Faculty of Humanities of Charles University in Prague. I focused on family of Radim Palouš, Czech philosopher and educator, former rector of Charles University, and tried to discover how (or whether) his family members were involved in dissident activities. By using the method of oral history, I spoke to Radim Palouš (born 1924), his wife Anna Paloušová (born 1925) and their sons Martin Palouš (born 1950) and Jan Palouš (born 1949). Unfortunately the interview with Jan Palouš couldn’t be used in the end. The result of analysis was imaginary division of the family into two lines: the 1st line being Radim Palouš – Martin Palouš as those who were publicly active dissidents, and therefore persecuted directly, and the 2nd line being Anna Paloušová – Jan Palouš, who were not so active in public, but who were important as „mediators“. The main aim was to show the importance of both mentioned lines and their interconnection.
Vzpomínka na doc. RNDr. Josefa Wolfa, CSc.
Authors: Kandert Josef
Published: January 2025

Životní badatelská pouť Josefa Wolfa byla poutí přírodovědce, který do sebe stále více vstřebával společenské vědy. Byla to pouť paleoantropologa, který se stále více přikláněl k etnologii, kulturologii a religionistice. Její počátky sahají na přelom padesátých a šedesátých letech minulého století, kdy začal přednášet teorii a dějiny výzkumu antropogeneze a úvod do biologické antropologie na katedře národopisu Filozofické fakulty UK ve Sněmovní ulici, kde také vedl seminář věnovaný antropologickým měřicím metodám. Byla to doba počátků československé sociální antropologie, v tehdejším názvosloví „cizokrajné etnografie“, velkého rozvoje orientalistiky a také afrikanistiky. Byla to ale i doba vydávání překladů řady zásadních děl publikovaných v „západním zahraničí“ a věnovaných otázkám původu člověka, dějinám Afriky nebo i kulturám předkolumbovské Ameriky, která vycházela v nakladatelství Mladá fronta, převážně v edici Kolumbus. Po dlouhých desetiletích se tak mohli čeští čtenáři konečně seznamovat s výběrem toho nejlepšího ze společenských i přírodovědeckých oborů. V řadě těchto knih bylo možné najít úvodní pasáže, doslovy anebo poznámkový aparát z pera Josefa Wolfa. Nebylo proto nijak překvapivé, když se jeho zájem začal obracet k etnologii a kulturním dějinám. Odtud byl již jen krok k přednáškám věnovaným etnografii Afriky, které připravil pro první ročníky afrikanistů a následně i pro studenty Univerzity 17. listopadu.
Gérard Noiriel: Úvod do sociohistorie
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Gérard Noiriel.
Václav Šulista - Petr Prokopius:	Krize svědomí
Authors: Zajíčková Markéta
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Václav Šulista and Petr Prokopius.
Adam Votruba: Pravda u zbojníka. Zbojnictví a loupežnictví ve střední Evropě.
Authors: Bittnerová Dana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Adam Votruba.
Naděžda Pelcová: Vzorce lidství. Filosofické základy pedagogické antropologie.
Authors: Povolná Pavla
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Naděžda Pelcová.
Hare Krishna mantra in Prague streets
Authors: Jurková Zuzana , Seidlová Veronika
Published: January 2025

The article introduces one of the regular outdoor musical events in Prague – the harinam, a procession of Hare Krishna devotees. This event is set in the broader context of music as an integral part of religious rituals and/or holidays. The universal connection of music and spirituality is found in two extreme positions: as culturally determined or as universalistic/objectivistic. One of the traditions that understand spirituality as intrinsically present in music and thus the connection of the sacred and music as objective, is an Indian tradition. Its two basic approaches, that is, the Vedic “Apollonian” concept and the “Dionysian” concept, present in various directions, e.g., Tantrism, are actually present in the Hare Krishna procession. Our attention is drawn to the interpretation of the strikingly culturally specific elements of this “Dionysian” stream. Using Judith Becker’s (2004) concept of trance, the Prague harinam shows itself to be like a culturally conditioned form of universal models of spiritual music.
Round table Theory and Method in Urban Ethnomusicology
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

Although urban studies are widely accepted in anthropology, ethnomusicology – even though it has been dedicated to urban topics for decades – lacks generally accepted theoretical discourse. This was the main reason for organizing the chamber round table “Theory and Method in Urban Ethnomusicology” June 3 – 5, 2011, at the Faculty of Humanities of Charles University in Prague. The round table thus became part of the long-term direction of the current ethnomusicological program for research in music in Prague.
Přemysl Mácha (ed.): Lighting the Bonfire, Rebuilding the Pyramid. Case Studies in Identity, Ethnicity and Nationalism in Indigenous Communities in Mexico.
Authors: Halbich Marek
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Přemysl Mácha.
Jiří Janák: Staroegyptské náboženství I.
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jiří Janák.
Eva Pavlíková – Karel Sládek a kol.: Sociální situace a religiozita ukrajinských migrantů v ČR.
Authors: Sedláková Renáta
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Eva Pavlíková and Karel Sládek.
Festivalization of the City
Authors: Karpińska-Krakowiak Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

There is unprecedented interest in festivals as a cultural phenomenon that contributes to urban images, identities, and myths. The article addresses the role of festivals as image building-blocks and specifies a number of success factors for festivals aspiring to become the means of urban image creation. Festivals integrate people and establish inner-communities; they induce commonly shared experiences and encourage an atmosphere of fun, pleasure and excitement. In this way festivals facilitate the processes of transferring pleasant experiences onto other subjects, places or phenomena related to them (i.e. onto a city). Festivals act as an urban image device. The purpose of this paper is to present another dimension of festivals and describe how they can perpetuate false notions and fake images about the hosting city. The example of the city of Lodz is described, where the Festival of Dialogue of Four Cultures creates an image of Lodz as a city of four cultures (which it was not) and a national and cultural melting pot (which it was not).
Nově objevený rukopis Boženy Čapkové
Authors: Thořová Věra
Published: January 2025

An edition of three tales and seven legendary stories from the Úpice region, that Božena Čapková (1866 – 1924) collected over one hundred years ago and that was lost in the estates of Čeněk Zíbrt.
Konference Twenty Years and More: Research into Minority Religions, New Religious Movements and the New Spirituality.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

Jednu z nejdůležitějších otázek současných náboženských studií představuje výzkum (v západních společnostech) nových minoritních náboženství. Nejde přitom jen o tzv. nová náboženská hnutí, jimž se religionisté a sociologové náboženství v posledních desetiletích věnovali snad až příliš, ale také o moderní formy etablovaných církví (především letniční protestantismus a charismatický katolicismus), nejrůznější projevy tzv. spirituality, shrnované pod pojmem New Age, a v neposlední řadě o religiozitu imigrantů, neboť například islám v některých evropských zemích dnes už tvoří druhé až třetí nejčastěji deklarované náboženství. Žádná z těchto religijních forem – možná s výjimkou detradicionalizované a individualizované spirituality, pokud její nástup budeme považovat za jednotné hnutí – sice nemá šanci, aby se stala většinovou, výrazně však rozšiřují náboženskou pluralitu západních společností a proměňují pohled majority na náboženství.
Komparativní historie a evropská města. Devátá mezinárodní konference urbánních dějin.
Authors: Ira Jaroslav , Klusáková Luďa
Published: January 2025

Na konci srpna pořádala Evropská asociace urbánních dějin (EAUH) své pravidelné setkání, tentokrát pod názvem Comparative History of European Cities. V pořadí již deváté konference, konající se vždy po dvou letech, se organizačně zhostila École Normale Supérieure – Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Lyon (ENS LSH), společně s Université Lumière Lyon 2.
Czech Minority in a Slovak City: Identity and Memory
Authors: Luther Daniel
Published: January 2025

On the model example of the Czech community, this paper focuses on the formation of the collective identity of an ethnic minority in a present-day city. The emergence of the community, its development in the 1st half of the 20th century as well as the forced departure of most of the residents of Czech nationality from the city during WW II have been firmly etched in the historical memory of the minority members and represent the cornerstones of their identity. In the 2nd half of the 20 century, processes of integration and assimilation took place. Revitalization of the Czech community after the division of Czechoslovakia points to the importance of macro-social processes in the formation of minority communities.
Jolana Darulová: Miesto priestor etnologických výskumov. Na príklade Banskej Bystrice (A City, Space for Ethnological Research. On the Example of Banská Bystrica).
Authors: Soukupová Soukupová
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jolana Darulová.
O původu a zdrojích proměn české podnikatelské elity
Authors: Benáček Vladimír
Published: January 2025

Based on the Czech experiences from the post-communist reforms, the aim of the paper is to shed light on why the early stages of transition in all post-communist societies offered so many opportunities to nomenclature and why the access to capital ownership could not avoid asset stripping. Special attention is given to the corrective processes of economic re-adjustments when the social order converges gradually to a more standard capitalist organization. The main characteristics of these evolutionary processes were: parallel restructuring at economic, political, social a legal levels; high speed of corrections notwithstanding the detours on the path; non-violence in domestic negotiations. The European Union played a very important disciplining role in that respect. In the Czech case, we have identified four groups involved in the run for a position among the new entrepreneurial elite. The initially large gains of the nomenklatura gradually eroded when new businesses opened to international competition, with a parallel increase in endowments of human (entrepreneurial) and economic capitals. As a result, the former nomenklatura was partially squeezed out of the tradable sector, which was occupied by better-skilled foreign and domestic entrepreneurs. The exiting entrepreneurs partially defected to sectors less open to competition, where the alignment with social capital and bureaucracy retained its power. Their future position depends on the pending reforms of public administration and on the search for a more efficient social model.
Zemřel profesor Jan Heller
Authors: Antalík Dalibor
Published: January 2025

V sobotu 26. ledna 2008 proběhlo v evangelickém kostele u Salvátora v Praze smuteční shromáždění, při němž se nejbližší rodina, přátelé, bývalí kolegové a studenti, představitelé akademické obce, duchovní i řadoví členové Českobratrské církve evangelické, stejně jako zástupci širší ekumenické veřejnosti rozloučili s emeritním profesorem Evangelické teologické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy Janem Hellerem. Již z pouhého výčtu těch, kdo se při této příležitosti sešli, je zřejmé, nakolik široké bylo působení, nasazení a celoživotní směřování jednoho z mých bývalých učitelů.
Lidské určení jako problém definice člověka ve filosofické antropologii
Authors: Marek Jakub
Published: January 2025

This article tentatively dissects the basic problems of philosophical anthropology that call for more thorough and more consistent treatment in the future. In the first section the article tracks the problem of anthropology as an integral science of man which deals with problem of human objectivity and one’s subjectivity. It is followed by focusing on philosophical anthropology showing it in three different specific forms, as a “general science”, “universal treatment”, and “prophetic philosophy”. The crucial basic problem is from which angle and with which claim it is applied in outlining the philosophical anthropology and what are its limits. The second section is devoted to the actual “destiny of humanity” as the basic problem of philosophical anthropology reflecting primarily how is this topic addressed by Max Scheler and Arnold Gehlen, two representatives of more detailed understanding of philosophical anthropology. The question of subjectivity as a focal point of understanding the very humanity of a individual human being is finally followed form the perspective of Kierkegaard's spirit determination.
Empirická kritika marxismu
Authors: Pospíšil Leopold
Published: January 2025

Just like Marx and Durkheim were undeniably men of genius of their time, it is clear that Marxists and Durkheimists of the twenties century were not. The later ones are rather the most conservative and most dogmatic reactionaries in history of modern science. Despite all the rich facts gathered by exact study of past and contemporary societies proving the opposite, Marxists have elevated the old Marx’s theories to an absolute and infallible thesis of faith. As a mockery to all the gathered facts and realities, they transformed Marx’s philosophy to a religion. It is unbelievable that somebody might think that Carl Marx, being a genius and trying to be objective, might, if he lived today, dogmatically declare the obsolete and outdated theories of the last century to be still valid. Marx was an independent thinker while today’s Marxists are academic henchmen. Because I have always admired revolutionaries of our thinking, like Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Montesquieu, Einstein, Darwin, Durkheim, and Marx, I cannot be a Marxist, an ideal slave, that is an antitheses of Marx. While the world attains new understanding of natural and social realities, followers of the 19th century philosophies are becoming “revolutionaries of yesteryears”.
Nostalgie, technika a tregédie
Authors: Redakce
Published: January 2025

In 2006 and 2007, the Philosophy Module of the Faculty of Humanities at the Charles University organized two literary-philosophical symposia in Lipnice nad Sázavou. Topic of the first symposium (June 21, 2006) was Jaroslav Hašek’s novel “Good Soldier Švejk”; the central topic was war as a certain important form of existential condition of human beings in the world. The symposium has resulted in an anthology containing contributions “Hašek and War. War as epochal human openness towards the world” (published in 2007, 105 pages). The anthology contains contributions by Ladislav Benyovszky, Jakub Češka, Richard Hašek, Josef Kružík, Jakub Marek, Aleš Novák, Jaroslav Novotný, and Richard Zika. The topic of the second symposium (June 26, 2007) was the novel “The Godfather” by Mario Puzo and its film trilogy adaptation directed by F. Coppola. The core of the symposium was five contributions by Peter Brezina, Jakub Češka, Jakub Marek, Jaroslav Novotný, and Stanislav Synek. To sum up, we might say that the contributions and subsequent discussions showed that, at the first sight the deliberately antimodernistic and to certain extent utopian Puzo’s novel presents inner perversity of the depicted alternative world of a “family”. Apart from these contributions, I consider the short but dense comment by Ladislav Benyovszky to be important. It refers to a uniform context (“die Sache selbst” as cosa nostra) of disclosed types of human activities used to depict the world of “The Godfather” novel. Number of contributions of the second symposium was too small to publish a separate anthology. For that reason we present the texts of the second symposium in the magazine Urban People. In addition, there are three other articles: Taťána Ospálkova’s “The Godfather – Genre rules: Gangster movie or family saga?”, Jakub Marek’s “Double world of Puzo’s The Godfather”, and Jaroslav Novotný’s “Nostalgia, method and tragedy. Back to Mario Puzo’s novel The Godfather”. It is supplemented with a short reflection of these symposia the “Events at Lipnice that are hidden”, by the Jaroslav Novotný and published in Lipnice Panorama in summer of 2007.
Letní etologické školy na Fakultě humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy
Authors: Redakce
Published: January 2025

During the past five years, the Faculty of Humanities of the Charles University have held summer ethologic schools focusing on ethology of human beings. The lectures were organized in separate blocks and each lecturer introduced his own area of research. Students thus had an exceptional opportunity to hear in English the latest finding in the area of human ethology and could also meet and discuss personally with leading scientists of this field. During the period we organized these summer schools, our department has been visited (among others) by the following personalities: Prof. Zoya Zorina, Moscow State University, Russia, Dr. Kim Bard, Portsmouth University, U.K., Prof. Ludwig Huber, Vienna University, Austria, Dr. Frank Salter, Laboratory of Human ethology, Max-Plank Institute, Adechs, Germany, Zhanna Reznikova, Dept. of Comparative Psychology of Novosibirsk State University; Laboratory of Community Ethology, Institute for Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Branch RAS, Russia Dr. Zsofia Viranyi, Dept. of Ethology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary, and Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Altenberg, Austria, Dr. Christian Lehmann, Adechs, Germany, Dr. Kirsty Brown, Portsmouth University, U.K. We are presenting two of the lectures that have been presented at our department, during the period these schools were organized and held, in the issue of Urban People revue.
Richerson, P. J. – Boyd, R.: Not by Genes Alone. How Culture Transformed Human Evolution
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by P. J. Richerson and R. Boyd.
Stephen Prothero: Religious Literacy
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Stephen Prothero.
Ernst Jünger: Politische Publizistik. 1919-1933
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Ernst Jünger.
Pierre Clastres: Kronika Indiánů Guayakí
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Pierre Clastres.
Mistr Zhuang: Sebrané spisy
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Master Zhuang.
Martin Heidegger: Gesamtausgabe III. Abteilung: Band 70: Über den Anfang (1941); Martin Heidegger und seine Heimat; Martin Heidegger / Bernhard Welte: Briefe und Begegnungen; Mein liebes Seelchen! Briefe Martin Heideggers an seine Frau Elfride. 1915-1970
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the four books by Martin Heidegger.
Objectives and Program of the English Edition of the Journal of "Urban People"
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The French anthropologist Marc Augé presented the city (large or small) as one of the three key problems (in his terminology, one of the three new “worlds”) of contemporary (postmodern) anthropology. However, whether we call the world a new “field” or, as it is usually called in Czech ethnology, an “organism,” this comparison will always contain a certain uniqueness, but, at the same time, mutual dependency and isolation from other worlds or organisms. The city represents a socially attractive, scientifically open topic.
Patriotic Sities in the Space of a European Metropolis at the Turn of the 21st Century
Authors: Stawarz Andrzej
Published: January 2025

This article looks at the possibility of undertaking more comprehensive research into the functioning and meaning of cultural patriotic sites in large cities. It takes the example of the largest Polish metropolis – Warsaw – in the period from the birth of the 3rd Republic of Poland to the beginning of the 21st century. It considers a patriotic site a site commemorating a historic event of importance to independence, a site symbolising an armed act, or a site immortalising the act or acts of a specific hero or group of heroes. The study is not aimed at conducting a comprehensive analysis of the spatial arrangement of patriotic sites within the Warsaw cultural scenery, but in this case it analyses the problem of historic remembrance and shaping historic sites.
Urban Identitites and Diversities
Authors: Bitušíková Alexandra
Published: January 2025

This paper looks at factors of urban identity forming in a contemporary city. It studies diversity as one of the characteristics of the city and its relation to identity as the other side of diversity. It explores urban strategies that focus on the regeneration of historic city centres and revitalisation of urban life and urban identities as well as on attracting visitors and investors to the city. This emphasis on cultural planning is an important part of urban development strategies that aim at the support and growth of local economies. This paper presents a case study of the middle-size city of Banska Bystrica (Central Slovakia). It identifies and analyses six factors that contribute to urban identity construction in the city and examines hetero-images – reflections of the image of the city in the minds and memories of visitors. In the final part the paper focuses on studying the local government approach to revitalisation of urban life in Banska Bystrica.
Výchova kněží a jejich působení na přelomu 18. a 19. století
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

Activities of priests constituted an important (although definitely not exclusive) source of popular religious attitudes and notions. At the end of early modern times, popular-religious readings and schools also exhibited more marked influence. These institutions played their role not only in passing of contemporary religious reforms but also (and primarily) during their changes. For this reason, the author monitors enlightened reforms of instruction of future priests in Hapsburg countries which headed explicitly towards transformation of their work; originating in the Van Swieten’s reform in 1750s, continued by the Rautanstrauch’s reform of 1774, introduction of general seminars and other changes of Joseph II, until their changes during the reign of Leopold II (1791). One of the most important events was the institutionalization of pastoral theology which symbolically replaced former polemical theology. The article also analyses, in more detail, the first Czech text books on this subject written by Strahov’s Premonstratensian J. Chládek and F. Giftschütz (translated by V. Stach). Architects of these reforms were interested in transformation of popular Christianity in the direction of unpretentious ethical and social understanding of religious belief; they were inspired in many respects by protestant theologians, resulting also in more positive reception of Hussitism in the Bohemian lands. In the first half of the 19 th century, these trends were reflected also in popular religiosity, hand in hand with national agitation of many Catholic clergymen although not always as intended by their originators. The revived Czech nation often expressed disapproval of their own regenerators, fact which the Catholic clergy countered (rather unsuccessful in long term) with an attempt of new confesionalization.
Chování městských a vesnických dětí v mladším školním věku
Authors: Světlíková Hana , Škvařilová Božena
Published: January 2025

The study was oriented at the evaluation of the complex behavioural expression of children with the help of six selected components of nonverbal communication (mobility, social cooperation, distance from the nearest child, eye contact, acoustic communication, intensity of acoustic communication and hands behaviour) and their influence by certain biological and social factors (place and age).
Běloruská národní idea na začátku 20. století
Authors: Smoliančuk Alexandr
Published: January 2025

Formation of the modern Byelorussian nation fits into a context of analogous processes of those Central European nations not having their own statehood, that entered the “period of nationalisms” (the end of 18th until the beginning of 20th century). In this case, national formation was accomplished through national movements seeking cultural and social emancipation. Disintegration of primordial multiethnic societies and disintegration of large states results in creation of ethnocultural nations which Miroslav Hroch calls “small European nations”.They were formed primarily as culturally centrist societies. Naturally, the “Byelorussian case” has its peculiarities. Heart of the matter is not that Byelorussians did not have their own statehood throughout almost the entire 20th century or that the term “national” does not describe the modern Byelorussian state, at all.