bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming Cardiotoxicity Detection in Cancer Therapies: The Promise of MicroRNAs as Precision Biomarkers
Authors: Moscoso Isabel , Rodríguez-Mañero Moisés , Cebro-Márquez María , Vilar-Sánchez Marta E. , Serrano-Cruz Valentina , Vidal-Abeijón Iria , Martínez-Monzonís María Amparo , Mazón-Ramos Pilar , Pedreira Milagros , González-Juanatey José Ramón , Lage Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Cardiotoxicity (CDTX) is a critical side effect of many cancer therapies, leading to increased morbidity and mortality if not addressed. Early detection of CDTX is essential, and while echocardiographic measures like global longitudinal strain offer promise in identifying early myocardial dysfunction, the search for reliable biomarkers continues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, influencing key biological processes such as the cell cycle, apoptosis, and stress responses. In cardiovascular diseases, miRNAs have demonstrated potential as biomarkers due to their stability in circulation and specific expression patterns that reflect pathological changes. Certain miRNAs have been linked to CDTX and hold promise for early detection, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting. These miRNAs not only assist in identifying early cardiac injury, but also offer opportunities for personalized interventions by modulating their expression to influence disease progression. As research advances, integrating miRNA profiling with traditional diagnostic methods could enhance the management of CDTX in cancer patients, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and more tailored therapeutic strategies. Further clinical studies are essential to validate the clinical utility of miRNAs in managing CDTX.
Heterologous Expression of MYB Gene (Rosea1) or bHLH Gene (Delila) from Antirrhinum Increases the Phenolics Pools in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Tian Qian , Han Wei , Wang Donghao , Wang Zhezhi
Published: November 2024

Phenolic acids have health-promoting properties, however, but their low concentrations in Salvia miltiorrhiza limit broader medicinal applications. MYB and bHLH transcription factors activate multiple target genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, thereby enhancing the production of various secondary metabolites. We introduced the MYB transcription factor Antirrhinum Rosea1 (AmROS1) or Delila (AmDEL) into S. miltiorrhiza and observed that antioxidant activity in transgenic plants increased by 1.40 to 1.80-fold. The total content was significantly higher in transformants compared to the controls. Furthermore, heterologous expression of AmROS1 or AmDEL triggered moderate accumulations of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid at various growth stages. Levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins were significantly elevated. These biological and phytochemical alterations were correlated with the upregulated expression of genes involved in phenolic acid biosynthesis. Our findings demonstrate that AmROS1 and AmDEL function as a transcriptional activator in phenolic acids biosynthesis. This study offers further insights into the heterologous or homologous regulation of phenolics production, potentially enabling its engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
Insights into Adaption and Growth Evolution: Genome–Wide Copy Number Variation Analysis in Chinese Hainan Yellow Cattle Using Whole–Genome Re–Sequencing Data
Authors: Zhong Ziqi , Wang Ziyi , Xie Xinfeng , Pan Deyou , Su Zhiqing , Fan Jinwei , Xiao Qian , Sun Ruiping
Published: November 2024

Copy number variation (CNV) serves as a crucial source of genomic variation and significantly aids in the mining of genomic information in cattle. This study aims to analyze re–sequencing data from Chinese Hainan yellow cattle, to uncover breed CNV information, and to elucidate the resources of population genetic variation. We conducted whole–genome sequencing on 30 Chinese Hainan yellow cattle, thus generating 814.50 Gb of raw data. CNVs were called using CNVnator software, and subsequent filtering with Plink and HandyCNV yielded 197,434 high–quality CNVs and 5852 CNV regions (CNVRs). Notably, the proportion of deleted sequences (81.98%) exceeded that of duplicated sequences (18.02%), with the lengths of CNVs predominantly ranging between 20 and 500 Kb This distribution demonstrated a decrease in CNVR count with increasing fragment length. Furthermore, an analysis of the population genetic structure using CNVR databases from Chinese, Indian, and European commercial cattle breeds revealed differences between Chinese Bos indicus and Indian Bos indicus. Significant differences were also observed between Hainan yellow cattle and European commercial breeds. We conducted gene annotation for both Hainan yellow cattle and European commercial cattle, as well as for Chinese Bos indicus and Indian Bos indicus, identifying 206 genes that are expressed in both Chinese and Indian Bos indicus. These findings may provide valuable references for future research on Bos indicus. Additionally, selection signatures analysis based on Hainan yellow cattle and three European commercial cattle breeds identified putative pathways related to heat tolerance, disease resistance, fat metabolism, environmental adaptation, candidate genes associated with reproduction and the development of sperm and oocytes (CABS1, DLD, FSHR, HSD17B2, KDM2A), environmental adaptation (CNGB3, FAM161A, DIAPH3, EYA4, AAK1, ERBB4, ERC2), oxidative stress anti–inflammatory response (COMMD1, OXR1), disease resistance (CNTN5, HRH4, NAALADL2), and meat quality (EHHADH, RHOD, GFPT1, SULT1B1). This study provides a comprehensive exploration of CNVs at the molecular level in Chinese Hainan yellow cattle, offering theoretical support for future breeding and selection programs aimed at enhancing qualities of this breed.
Factors Associated with Heart Disease in Japan: Multivariate Analysis Based on Specific Health Checkups
Authors: Tamaki Yoh , Hiratsuka Yoshimune , Kumakawa Toshiro
Published: November 2024

The global population affected by heart failure is projected to reach 30 million. The number of deaths due to heart disease has surged, rising from 2 million in 2000 to 8.9 million in 2019. In Japan, the prevalence of heart failure is rapidly increasing, with the number expected to reach 1.3 million by 2030. Primary prevention is crucial to prevent heart disease. We explored the associations of heart disease incidence with findings from checkups performed a decade ago. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals who reported a history of stroke, history of chronic renal failure, or weight gain ≥ 10 kg since age 20 in the questionnaire-based health checkup are at high risk for developing heart disease. Additionally, those with biochemical test results from 10 years ago indicating the use of antihypertensive drugs, use of insulin injections or hypoglycemic medications, systolic hypertension, and abnormal creatinine levels also exhibited a significantly higher risk of heart disease. Conversely, individuals who identified as female, walked faster than people of the same age, drank alcohol daily, and felt refreshed upon awakening in the questionnaire-based health checkup were protected from heart disease.
Endo-Aortic Clamp for Minimally Invasive Redo Mitral Valve Surgery: Early Outcome
Authors: Barbero Cristina , Pocar Marco , Costamagna Andrea , Capozza Cecilia , Aloi Valentina , Cura Stura Erik , Salizzoni Stefano , Rinaldi Mauro
Published: November 2024

Objective: Redo mitral valve surgery still represents a challenging and high-risk procedure in cardiac surgery. The incidence of cardiac structural injuries during re-sternotomy remains consistent and is reported to be an independent risk factor for hospital mortality. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery with retrograde femoral arterial perfusion and endo-aortic clamping avoids re-entry injuries and reduces the requirement for dissection of adhesions and the risk of damage to cardiac structures. The aim of this study is to analyze redo patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with retrograde arterial perfusion and endo-aortic clamping setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing surgery from 2006 to 2022. Exclusion criteria were more than mild aortic regurgitation, moderate-to-severe peripheral vascular disease, dilated ascending aorta, and a lack of preoperative vascular screening. The primary outcome was perioperative mortality. Results: Two hundred eighty-five patients were analyzed. Mean age was 63.8 ± 13.3 years, mean EuroSCORE was 16.5 ± 14.5%, and one quarter of the patients had undergone two or more previous procedures via sternotomy. Perioperative mortality was 3.9% (11/285). Stroke was reported in six (2.1%) patients. Median intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were 1 and 8 days, respectively. Conclusions: Endo-aortic clamping setting in redo MV surgery avoids re-entry injuries and allows the surgeon to clamp the aorta and deliver the cardioplegia with minimal dissection of adhesions. In high-volume and experienced centers, this approach can be applied safely and effectively and may in the near future become the standard of care for redo mitral valve surgery.
Development and Validation of the Short Form (JAEN-10) of the Joint Assessment of Equilibrium and Neuromotor Status Scale (JAEN-20)
Authors: Peinado-Rubia Ana Belén , Osuna-Pérez María Catalina , Núñez-Fuentes David , Rodríguez-Almagro Daniel , Zagalaz-Anula Noelia , Lomas-Vega Rafael
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and validate the short version of The Joint Assessment of Equilibrium and Neuromotor Status Scale (JAEN scale) for use in women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) to make the balance disorder measurement process more efficient. Methods: A cross-sectional observational validation study was conducted. Fifty-six women with FMS and forty-four healthy controls were included. Certain items from the original tool were selected with the aim of (1) improving internal consistency by reducing item redundancy and (2) obtaining a diagnostic capacity with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) greater than 0.70 for discriminating FMS patients and fallers. The internal consistency, factorial validity, concurrent validity and diagnostic capacity of the new tool were analyzed. Results: Factorial analysis showed a two-factor structure that explained 72% of the variance. Cronbach alpha coefficients of 0.904 were obtained for the total score of the JAEN-10 items. Concurrent validity analysis showed strong correlations of the JAEN-10 with other instruments that measured quality of life, postural balance or disability related to dizziness. The score of the JAEN-10 items showed an AUC of 0.858 with a sensitivity of 64.29 and a specificity of 95.45 for discriminating between FMS and healthy controls, and an AUC of 0.835 with a sensitivity of 90.48 and a specificity of 67.24 for discriminating between fallers and non-fallers. Conclusions: The 10-item JAEN scale is a valid instrument for discriminating between subjects with or without FMS and between fallers and non-fallers. Its psychometric properties are good and are similar to those of the original 20-item scale. Moreover, it is quicker to complete, which may be relevant for subjects with a tendency to experience fatigue.
Generative AI and Media Content Creation: Investigating the Factors Shaping User Acceptance in the Arab Gulf States
Authors: Ali Mahmoud Sayed Mohamed , Wasel Khaled Zaki AbuElkhair , Abdelhamid Amr Mohamed Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

This article aims to investigate the factors that affect behavioural intention (BI) and user behaviour (UB) among Arabian users of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications in the context of media content creation. The study’s theoretical framework is grounded in the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2). A sample of 496 users was analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that BI is significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, and user trust, with hedonic motivation having the greatest impact. In terms of UB, facilitation conditions, habit, user trust, and BI were all found to have a positive and significant impact. This study contributes to the existing theory on the utilisation of GenAI applications by organising findings pertaining to the use of AI technology for media content creation.
Enhanced Output Performance of Two-Level Voltage Source Inverters Using Simplified Model Predictive Control with Multi-Virtual-Voltage Vectors
Authors: Chae Hyeongyo , Roh Chan
Published: November 2024

Interest in electric propulsion ships has garnered attention to reduce ship exhaust emissions. This has sparked extensive research on inverters. While two-level voltage source inverters are commonly utilized in small- and medium-sized ships owing to their simple structure and cost-effectiveness, they have limitations, such as high switching losses and reduced output performance. To address these issues, a model predictive control technique based on virtual voltage vectors is proposed in this study. Conventional two-level voltage source inverters are restricted to using only eight voltage vectors, which limits their output performance. By incorporating virtual voltage vectors, similar performance to multilevel converters can be achieved. The proposed technique involves a pre-voltage selection method that enhances output performance without increasing computational load. Through simulation and experiments, improved output current THD and current error were observed under various load conditions. This showcases the potential for enhancing the efficiency and performance of electric propulsion ships.
Evaluation of Hypertension-Related Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in the Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: ALruwaili Bashayer Farhan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Hypertensive patients’ knowledge and adherence to prescribed medicines are critical in managing their condition, as poor adherence may lead to adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The present study assessed hypertension-related knowledge and medication adherence among hypertensive patients attending primary health centers (PHCs) in the Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted this survey on 390 patients. Self-reported hypertension knowledge was assessed using the Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS), and medication adherence was determined using the Hill–Bone Medication Adherence Scale. We used binomial regression analysis (adjusted with other variables) to find the associated factors of medication adherence. Results: This study found that nearly half (49.2%) of the participants had inadequate knowledge, and poor medication adherence was noted in 40.8% of the participants. We found a positive correlation between HK-LS and the Hill–Bone Medication Adherence Scale scores (Spearman’s rho = 0.312, p = 0.002). Medication adherence was significantly associated with job status (private sector (ref: public sector, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.18–3.62, p = 0.005)), living in an urban region (ref: rural, AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.85–5.72, p = 0.002), and duration since diagnosis of more than 5 years (ref: ≤1 year, AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.36–4.95, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The present study findings indicate that there is still a critical gap in managing hypertension at the PHCs in this region, and this may lead to poor health outcomes among the patients and burden the healthcare system. Hence, continuous patient education and targeted counseling are recommended for those with poor medication adherence.
Surgical Challenges During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Comparative Study of Inguinal Hernia Treatment in Romania
Authors: Feier Catalin Vladut Ionut , Muntean Calin , Gaborean Vasile , Vonica Razvan Constantin , Faur Alaviana Monique , Murariu Marius-Sorin , Olariu Sorin
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, leading to the postponement of elective surgeries, including inguinal hernia repair (IHR), as healthcare resources prioritized critical care. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the incidence and outcomes of IHR procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 604 patients who underwent IHR over six years, spanning pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Data on patient demographics, type of surgical procedure (elective or emergency), use of mesh, surgical duration, hospitalization period, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed across the three time frames. Results: Patient age remained consistent across the three periods, but a significant increase in female patients was observed during and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). Elective IHR surgeries significantly decreased during the pandemic (p < 0.001), paralleled by an increase in emergency cases (p = 0.004). In the post-pandemic period, elective surgeries rebounded, while emergency interventions declined (21.9% vs. 10.3%). Mesh repair usage increased notably in the post-pandemic phase (p < 0.001). Although surgeries took longer during the pandemic (p < 0.001), both total and postoperative hospital stays were reduced during and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). Minimal postoperative complications were reported throughout, with only one mortality during the pandemic. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for robust healthcare strategies to maintain elective surgical care during global crises, as delays in IHR may elevate risks for complications like hernia incarceration and strangulation.
Associations of Chronic Marijuana Use with Changes in Salivary Microbiome
Authors: Panee Jun , Qin Yujia , Deng Youping
Published: November 2024

The legalization of marijuana (MJ) for medicinal and recreational use has raised concerns about its potential impact on health, including oral health. While MJ use has been linked to poor oral health, its effects on the composition of the oral microbiome remain unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed saliva samples from chronic MJ users (n = 18) and nonusers (n = 20) to investigate MJ-related changes in salivary microbiome composition. We identified significant differences in the relative abundance of 16 taxa, including seven species, such as Megasphaera micronucliformis, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Streptococcus anginosus. Additionally, five species showed positive correlations with cumulative lifetime MJ use, including Streptococcus vestibularis and Streptococcus parasanguinis. By grouping salivary microbial communities into clusters based on their association with periodontal health, we found that the cluster with species associated with poor periodontal health had the highest percentage of MJ users. Moreover, MJ use significantly contributed to variance in microbial communities in individuals with relatively good periodontal health. These findings suggest that chronic MJ use is associated with alterations in the salivary microbiome, highlighting its potential broader impact on oral and systemic health.
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Cardiovascular Medications and Oral and Gut Microbiome Health: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dharmarathne Gangani , Kazi Samia , King Shalinie , Jayasinghe Thilini N.
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of widespread morbidity and mortality. It has been found that the gut and oral microbiomes differ in individuals with CVDs compared to healthy individuals. Patients with CVDs often require long-term pharmacological interventions. While these medications have been extensively studied for their cardiovascular benefits, emerging research indicates that they may also impact the diversity and composition of the oral and gut microbiomes. However, our understanding of how these factors influence the compositions of the oral and gut microbiomes in individuals remains limited. Studies have shown that statins and beta-blockers, in particular, cause gut and oral microbial dysbiosis, impacting the metabolism and absorption of these medications. These alterations can lead to variations in drug responses, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches. The microbiome’s role in drug metabolism and the impact of CVD medications on the microbiome are crucial in understanding these variations. However, there are very few studies in this area, and not all medications have been studied, emphasizing the necessity for further research to conclusively establish cause-and-effect relationships and determine the clinical significance of these interactions. This review will provide evidence of how the oral and gut microbiomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) interact with specific drugs used in CVD treatment.
Bi2Te3/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Nanomaterials as Catalysts for Thermoelectric Hydrogen Peroxide Generation
Authors: Li Chunlei , Li Shun , Zhao Long , Zhang Jianming
Published: November 2024

Harnessing waste heat from environmental or industrial sources presents a promising approach to eco-friendly and sustainable chemical synthesis. In this study, we introduce a thermoelectrocatalytic (TECatal) system capable of utilizing even small amounts of heat for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. We developed a nanohybrid structure, combining carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Bi2Te3 nanoflakes (Bi2Te3/CNTs), through a one-pot synthesis method. Bi2Te3, as a thermoelectric (TE) material, generates charge carriers under a temperature gradient via the Seebeck effect, enabling them to participate in surface redox reactions. However, the rapid recombination of these charge carriers greatly limits the TECatal activity. In the Bi2Te3/CNTs nanohybrid system, the introduction of CNTs substantially enhances the efficiency of H2O2 production, as the strong bonding between CNTs and Bi2Te3, along with the excellent conductivity of CNTs, facilitates charge carrier separation and transport, as confirmed by TE electrochemical tests. This study underscores the significant potential of thermoelectric nanomaterials for converting waste heat into green chemical synthesis.
Tailoring Natural and Fly Ash-Based Zeolites Surfaces for Efficient 2,4-D Herbicide Adsorption: The Role of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide Modification
Authors: Jankowska Agata , Panek Rafał , Franus Wojciech , Goscianska Joanna
Published: November 2024

Global development has led to the generation of substantial levels of hazardous contaminants, including pesticides, which pose significant environmental risks. Effective elimination of these pollutants is essential, and innovative materials and techniques offer promising solutions. This study examines the modification of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and fly ash-based NaA and NaX zeolites with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to create inexpensive adsorbents for removing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide from water. Detailed characterization of these materials was performed, along with an evaluation of the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, and initial 2,4-D concentration on their sorption capacities. The modified samples exhibited significant changes in elemental composition (e.g., reduced SiO2 and Al2O3 content, presence of Br) and textural properties. The adsorption of the pesticide was found to be an exothermic, spontaneous process of pseudo-second-order kinetics and was consistent with the Langmuir model. The highest sorption capacities were observed for samples modified with 0.05 mol L−1 CTAB, particularly for CliCTAB-0.05.
Systematic Characterisation of the Fragmentation of Flavonoids Using High-Resolution Accurate Mass Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Candy , Gates Paul J.
Published: November 2024

Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants. Due to their ubiquity in our daily dietary intake and their major anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic activities, they have been a major focus of wide-ranging research for the past two decades. Mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography is one of the most popular techniques for the analysis of flavonoids. In this study, high-resolution accurate mass electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to study 30 flavonoids in both positive and negative ionisation modes. From the data obtained, common losses were summarised and compiled. Dominating neutral losses were tabulated. The radical loss of CH3· was observed in flavonoids containing methoxy groups and three key diagnostic product ions were identified. These were m/z 153 (indicative of two OH groups on ring A) m/z 167 (indicative of one OH and one methoxy group on ring A) and m/z 151 (a flavanol, with no ketone oxygen but two OH groups on ring A). These will be useful in structural elucidation of unknown flavonoids and flavonoid metabolites. Energy breakdown graphs were utilised to distinguish between three pairs of structural isomers, and to help rationalise proposed fragmentation pathways. Lastly, a competition of loss of CH3· and methane was reported for rhamnetin and isorhamnetin in the negative ion mode for the first time. Proposed fragmentation pathways were given to rationalise the differences in peak intensities for this competitive process.
Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Nitride Thin Films Deposited by High-Power Impulse Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Stankus Vytautas , Vasiliauskas Andrius , Guobienė Asta , Andrulevičius Mindaugas , Meškinis Šarūnas
Published: November 2024

In the present research, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films were deposited by reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) of the pure boron target. Nitrogen was used as both a sputtering gas and a reactive gas. It was shown that, using only nitrogen gas, hexagonal-boron-phase thin films were synthesized successfully. The deposition temperature, time, and nitrogen gas flow effects were studied. It was found that an increase in deposition temperature resulted in hydrogen desorption, less intensive hydrogen-bond-related luminescence features in the Raman spectra of the films, and increased h-BN crystallite size. Increases in deposition time affect crystallites, which form larger conglomerates, with size decreases. The conglomerates’ size and surface roughness increase with increases in both time and temperature. An increase in the nitrogen flow was beneficial for a significant reduction in the carbon amount in the h-BN films and the appearance of the h-BN-related features in the lateral force microscopy images.
First Report of Troglotrema acutum Trematoda Parasitizing a European Polecat (Mustela putorius) in Bulgaria
Authors: Heddergott Mike
Published: November 2024

The finding also represents the first detection of this trematode on the Balkan Peninsula. The study was conducted between 2014 and 2023. Nineteen road-killed polecats, mainly from southern Bulgaria, were examined. A four-year-old male polecat road-killed near Chepelare, a town in the Somlyan Province in the Rhodope Mountains, was infested with six adult Troglotrema acutum within its frontal sinus. The skull exhibited only weakly developed lesions. The prevalence of 5.26% observed in this sample was lower than values reported from other European countries. This finding extends the known southeastern distribution range of T. acutum by over 700 km.
Proteinuria and Significant Dehydration in a Short-Steep Triathlon: Preliminary Observational Report
Authors: Rojas-Valverde Daniel , Castro Cindy , Bonilla Diego A. , Cardozo Luis A. , Gómez-Carmona Carlos D.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Endurance triathlons impose substantial physiological stress, yet the effects of short-course formats remain relatively unexplored. This preliminary study presents novel findings on proteinuria and hydration levels in well-trained triathletes. Methods: 27 participants (41.9 ± 7.4 years) who completed a sprint triathlon consisting of a 1500 m swim, 26 km cycle, and 8 km run. Urine samples were collected before and after the race. Results: Our results revealed a significant increase in post-race proteinuria cases from four to nine (p = 0.03) and the first reported case of post-race urobilinuria and ketoacidosis in this context. Additionally, pre-race glucosuria, present in nine cases, decreased to three post-race. Hematuria cases decreased from six to two (p = 0.13) and pre-race leukocyturia resolved post-race. There was a significant increase in urine specific gravity (from 1.018 to 1.023, p = 0.03), indicating dehydration. Conclusions: Short-course triathlons significantly induced post-race proteinuria, urobilinuria, and dehydration, highlighting the substantial physiological stress on kidney function and hydration status despite the shorter distances. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring urinary biomarkers and hydration levels in athletes before and after competition.
Aged Refuse Recycling to Treat Wastewater from Coffee Processing
Authors: Rodiles-Cruz Nery del Carmen , Ulloa-Gutiérrez Diego Alberto , Gutiérrez-Hernández Rubén Fernando , Nájera-Aguilar Hugo Alejandro , Araiza-Aguilar Juan Antonio , García-Lara Carlos Manuel
Published: November 2024

Over the last two decades, the use of bioreactors filled with aged refuse extracted from closed areas of landfills has proven to be a viable alternative for the treatment of different types of wastewater. This study presents the results obtained during the evaluation of aged refuse used as filling material for a downflow bioreactor during the removal of the organic load present in wastewater generated in the wet processing of coffee. The tests were carried out over a period of 120 days, with 15 days to start up and stabilize the bioreactor and 105 days to perform treatability tests. The aged refuse, once extracted, was dried and sifted to a particle size of less than 50 mm. The bioreactor used had a cylindrical geometry (Ø = 0.20 m, and h = 3.40 m), and it was fed with hydraulic loads of 50, 100, and 150 L m−3 d−1. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the system studied achieves the removal of 98.3% of the initial organic load when fed with 150 L m−3 d−1. This showcases recycling aged refuse as a technically viable alternative to treat the wastewater generated during coffee processing. Also, the evaluated system has the advantage of needing a short period of time to achieve its stabilization, which turns out to be of great value, especially in its possible use in the treatment of residual water generated in the harvest of agricultural products where the period of harvest is very short.
Research on Damage Detection of Dual-Rotor Synchronous Excitation Mine Screen Beams Based on Strain Mode Difference Vibration Mode Analysis
Authors: Li Xiaohao , Wang Yahui , Zhou Yang
Published: November 2024

The frame beam structure of the mine screen, subjected to various excitations, is a critical component of mining machinery. Its stress is intricate, the operational environment is severe, and damage can lead to catastrophic failures resulting in machinery destruction and fatalities. Based on the characterization of the vibration response of mine screen frame beams with varying degrees of damage at the same location and with the same degree of damage but at different locations, this paper develops a method of strain modal difference vibration pattern analysis and damage feature extraction for the detection of structural damage in beams. This method is based on the sensitivity of the sudden change in vibration strain modal difference to small deformations. This method solves the problem of using the conventional structural finite element analysis or experimental modal analysis methods to obtain the displacement mode, intrinsic frequency, and other characteristics, which make it difficult to effectively identify the actual engineering, with the damage conditions of the damage state and damage location of the mine screen frame beam problems. The feasibility and validity of the engineering application of the concept are demonstrated through instances.
Causality-Sensitive Scheduling to Reduce Latency in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Interactions
Authors: Lee Hojeong , Kang Seungmo , Kim Hyogon
Published: November 2024

This paper shows through real-life measurement that bi-directional vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication latency can be dominated by sidelink scheduling delay when causality is not taken into account. Moreover, the large delay persists for a few seconds at a time once it occurs. In applications like maneuver coordination between autonomous vehicles or in platoon, such delay can be highly detrimental to safety and efficiency. We investigate the source of the problem and propose a solution that factors in causality in interactive communication. Specifically, we develop a constraint under which the resource positions are automatically aligned between the communicating vehicles, and the delay spikes are provably eliminated. Through the measurements on commercial V2X devices, we confirm that enforcing the constraint can remove latency spikes so that 5G sidelink can be more easily applied to time-sensitive interactions between vehicles.
Monitoring of Ammonium and Nitrate Ions in Soil Using Ion-Sensitive Potentiometric Microsensors
Authors: Joly Matthieu , Marlet Maurane , Barreau David , Jourdan Arnaud , Durieu Céline , Launay Jérôme , Temple-Boyer Pierre
Published: November 2024

Focusing on the ChemFET (chemical field-effect transistor) technology, the development of a multi-microsensor platform for soil analysis is described in this work. Thus, different FET-based microdevices (i.e., pH-ChemFET pNH4-ISFET and pNO3-ISFET sensors) were realized with the aim of monitoring nitrogen-based ionic species in soil, evidencing quasi-Nernstian detection properties (>50 mV/decade) in appropriate concentration ranges for agricultural applications. Using a specific test bench adapted to important earth samples (mass: ~50 kg), first experiments were done in a lab, mimicking rainy periods as well as nitrogen-based fertilizer inputs. By monitoring pH, pNH4, and pNO3 in an acidic (pH ≈ 4.7) clay-silt soil matrix, different processes associated to the nitrogen cycle were characterized over a fortnight, demonstrating comprehensive results for ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 inputs at different concentrations, water additions, nitrification phenomena, and ammonium NH4+ ion trapping. Even if the ChemFET-based measurement system should be improved according to the soil(electrolyte)/sensor contact, such realizations and results show the ChemFET technology potentials for long-term analysis in soil, paving the way for future “in situ” approaches in the frame of modern farming.
Chemical-Specific T Cell Tests Aim to Bridge a Gap in Skin Sensitization Evaluation
Authors: Fritsch Nele , Aparicio-Soto Marina , Curato Caterina , Riedel Franziska , Thierse Hermann-Josef , Luch Andreas , Siewert Katherina
Published: November 2024

T cell activation is the final key event (KE4) in the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) of skin sensitization. However, validated new approach methodologies (NAMs) for evaluating this step are missing. Accordingly, chemicals that activate an unusually high frequency of T cells, as does the most prevalent metal allergen nickel, are not yet identified in a regulatory context. T cell reactivity to chemical sensitizers might be especially relevant in real-life scenarios, where skin injury, co-exposure to irritants in chemical mixtures, or infections may trigger the heterologous innate immune stimulation necessary to induce adaptive T cell responses. Additionally, cross-reactivity, which underlies cross-allergies, can only be assessed by T cell tests. To date, several experimental T cell tests are available that use primary naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from human blood. These include priming and lymphocyte proliferation tests and, most recently, activation-induced marker (AIM) assays. All approaches are challenged by chemical-mediated toxicity, inefficient or unknown generation of T cell epitopes, and a low throughput. Here, we summarize solutions and strategies to confirm in vitro T cell signals. Broader application and standardization are necessary to possibly define chemical applicability domains and to strengthen the role of T cell tests in regulatory risk assessment.
Factors Associated with Complications of Snakebite Envenomation in Health Facilities in the Cascades Region of Burkina Faso from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Kinda Rene , Sidibe Sidikiba , Zongo Dramane , Millogo Tieba , Delamou Alexandre , Kouanda Seni
Published: November 2024

Snakebite envenomation remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in rural populations. This study identified factors associated with the complications of snakebite envenomation reported in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study used the routine data of patients admitted for snakebite envenomation at five health facilities between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021. Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with signs of envenomation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with complications. Among the 846 patients with envenomation, 355 (42%) experienced complications. Local complications (23.2%, 196/846) included wounds and skin necrosis, whereas systemic complications (34.3%, 290/846) included hemorrhage, shock, and coma. Of all complicated cases, 7.6% (27/355) died. Factors associated with complications were rural residence (AOR: 4.80; 95% CI: 2.21–11.4), incision at the bite site (AOR: 4.31; 95% CI: 2.51–7.52), tourniquet application (AOR: 5.52; 95% CI: 1.42–30.8), bleeding (AOR: 14.2; 95% CI: 8.80–23.4), abnormal vital signs (AOR: 14.3; 95% CI: 9.22–22.7), and lack of antivenom administration (AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.8–4.8). These findings highlight the importance of antivenom availability and public awareness for reducing the incidence of complications of snakebite envenomation.
Neutron Beta Decay and Exact Conservation of Charged Weak Hadronic Vector Current in the Standard Model
Authors: Altarawneh Derar , Höllwieser Roman , Wellenzohn Markus
Published: November 2024

We investigate the reliability of the hypothesis of exact conservation of the charged weak hadronic vector current in neutron β−-decay with a polarized neutron and an unpolarized proton and electron. We calculate the contributions of the phenomenological term responsible for Exact Conservation of the charged weak hadronic Vector Current (or the ECVC effect) in neutron β−-decay, even for different masses of the neutron and proton, to the correlation coefficients, together with a complete set of contributions of scalar and tensor interactions beyond the Standard Model (SM). We argue that if the total contributions of scalar and tensor interactions beyond the SM fail to reconcile the experimental data on the correlation coefficients with the contributions of the ECVC effect, one may conclude that the charged weak hadronic vector current is not conserved in the hadronic transitions of weak processes with different masses of incoming and outgoing hadrons.
Index for Assessing the Performance Level of Vehicular Traffic on Urban Streets
Authors: De la Cruz-Nicolás Ernesto , Estrada-Esquivel Hugo , Martínez-Rebollar Alicia , Pliego-Martínez Odette Alejandra , Clemente Eddie
Published: November 2024

Vehicular transportation is one of the most widely used modes in modern cities for reaching key destinations such as workplaces, healthcare facilities, recreational areas, and educational institutions, among others. However, the performance of vehicular traffic on these roads can vary significantly due to the influence of different environmental variables. In the literature, factors such as traffic incidents, weather conditions, road infrastructure, and driving habits, among others, have been identified as impacting vehicular traffic performance. In this context, predictive models have been developed to anticipate congestion at specific points in cities based on statistics, machine learning, simulation, and complex networks. This study proposes a novel index aimed at assessing the level of performance of vehicular traffic on streets based on the relationship among relevant urban environmental variables. This index is generated through Genetic Programming, considering a set of variables related to traffic, incidents, and services. The case study will focus on the streets of the Tlalpan Municipality in Mexico City.
Engineering considerations for the development of disk spring stacks for vibration isolation
Authors: Gilmore Paul , Gandhi Umesh , Singh Rajendra
Published: November 2024

Coned disk springs exhibit significant nonlinear properties including the quasi-zero stiffness regimes that are useful in isolating equipment at the lower frequency vibrations. However, the stroke of a single disk spring is too low for most applications, and thus springs must be stacked
to increase the deflection. Development of such isolator stacks then becomes critical for practical uses. The goal of this article is to identify challenges and engineering considerations in developing such stacks within the practical constraints. For instance, how to appropriately contain
the stack without affecting the low-frequency isolation performance. Three designs are analyzed: a retaining ring design, tube and shaft design, and zero Poison’s ratio sleeve design. Disk spring stack protypes with each containment method are built, and force-deflection curves are measured
and compared with the standalone stacks. Under quasi-static compression testing, each containment method has minimal effect on the standalone stack force-deflection curve. However, significant advantages of certain methods are found including lateral stability, lateral strength, and degrees
of freedom. Lastly, advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate applications for each containment method are summarized, and are demonstrated. Salient contribution of this work is the identification of engineering considerations that would lead to robust or versatile containment designs. This
has been overlooked in the scientific literature as the stack containment methods are found to be important in the design of isolation devices.
Modeling and optimizing a broadband sound absorber consisting of a granular activated carbon stack backed by a poro-elastic layer
Authors: Song Guochenhao , Mo Zhuang , Shi Tongyang , Bolton J. Stuart
Published: November 2024

High surface area particles, like granular activated carbon (GAC), have shown advantages in absorbing low-frequency sound, both by themselves and when combined with other treatments. In this article, a novel sound absorption treatment is described: i.e., a GAC stack supported by a soft,
porous layer. At first, it was experimentally observed from impedance tube measurements that the low-frequency absorption performance of GAC stacks can be significantly enhanced by inserting a melamine foam between the stack and a rigid backing. To enable an analytical model of this type of
absorber, the interfaces between GAC stacks and other materials were first characterized. Further, both 1-D layered transfer-matrix and 2-D axi-symmetric finite-difference approaches were implemented to predict the measured absorption spectra. Because of the constraint of the stack at the
impedance tube wall, the 2-D model leads to more accurate absorption spectrum predictions. However, the difference between the two model predictions becomes negligible for large-area treatments. Therefore, amore efficient 1-D theory was incorporated in the multi-objective optimization to design
broadband GAC-foam absorbers. Two optimization objectives were defined to balance the overall absorption performance: i.e., one associated with absorption at low frequencies, and the other with absorption at higher frequencies. It was found that a minimum thickness broadband GAC-foam absorber
favors a thin, soft foam. In conclusion, this article presented a framework for the development of general broadband sound absorbers, and by combining both granular and porous materials, it may be possible to design practical sound-absorbing metamaterials that perform well at low frequencies.
A hybrid simulation approach to predicting noise in restaurants
Authors: Underwood Samuel , Wang Lily M.
Published: November 2024

High levels of noise are a well-known source of occupant discomfort in dining environments, and noise ranks highly among the most common customer complaints in restaurant reviews. Prior work has focused on measuring existing restaurant soundscapes and attempting to predict acoustic
performance; however, current techniques are still limited in accuracy for restaurants with time-varying occupancy and complex layouts. This presentation demonstrates a novel approach to predicting ambient noise in restaurants via a hybrid simulation framework. Acoustical computations for
a given restaurant space are performed in a room acoustics model, while a discrete event simulation (DES) model is used to simulate the arrival patterns of patrons and their conversational behaviors. Predictions from the room acoustics model inform the DES model, allowing for noise level predictions
at each seat position. Results from the prediction model are validated against measurements in a case study restaurant. Further development of this framework may support the practical assessment of design interventions in any restaurant while also accounting for time-varying patterns of occupancy.
Philosophical and religious prerequisites for the formation of abstract art
Authors:   Kuban State University, Boyko L. A.
Published: November 2024

The subject of this study is the philosophical and religious background of abstractionism in the visual arts. The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the philosophical views of A. Bergson and religious practices on the work of the founders of abstract. Given the complexity and ambiguity of the topic of the article, the following methodological approach was taken: not only artistic, but also theoretical works of the most prominent figures of abstractionism were analyzed: V. Kandinsky, K. Malevich, P. Mondrian. A theoretical review of studies on the problem of the crisis in art and abstractionism as a reaction to it is presented. The article used the methods of interpretation, hermeneutics, the comparative method, which was used to study the worldviews recorded in the artistic and theoretical works of abstractionists, the semiotic method, the axiological method in the analysis of the values of the cultural crisis of the early XX century, and the analytical method was used in the processing of research literature. The work involved an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the study of abstractionism as a multidimensional phenomenon. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that in the article for the first time the works of the above-mentioned artists were considered through the prism of the philosophy of life and intuitionism of A. Bergson, as well as religious and spiritual practices (shamanism, Taoism, ancient Greek mythology, Christianity and theosophy), elements of which were used by artists-abstractionists in their paintings. It was concluded that abstract art is characterized by the desire to break with artistic tradition, conflict with time, rejection of unambiguity, the desire to express oneself as much as possible, the cult of creative protest, contradiction and experiment, which led to formal and conceptual innovation, the formation of a new artistic consciousness under the influence of these philosophical and religious ideas.