bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value Risk Premium and Stock Returns in Kenya: Exploring the Moderating Effect of Investor Sentiment
Authors: Mugenda Nebat Galo , Olweny Tobias , Wepukhulu Joshua M.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:Prior literature has focused on the direct effect of firm level fundamental characteristics on stock returns while ignoring the likely effect of investor irrationality on asset pricing decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of investor sentiment in the relationship between value risk premium and stock returns in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach:

The study utilized monthly time series data for 60 companies listed at the NSE over the recent 9 years from 2011-2019. The study employed time series regression using ARDL and VEC estimation techniques to examine whether the effect of value risk on stock returns will vary with level of investor sentiment.

Findings: Results show weak evidence for existence of value risk premium at the NSE using the main effects model. The pricing effect of value risk premium is however enhanced in the interaction model. The interaction though not significant implying that there is no moderating effect of sentiment.

Research limitations: The shorter nine-year period considered by the study could be a source of small sample bias in the estimation. Sample periods for studies in mature markets span for over decades. In this light, making comparison of the findings in this thesis with those of other related studies may not be feasible.

Originality/Value: This study is first of its kind to analyze the moderating effect of investor behavior on asset pricing for an emerging market. The paper contributes to portfolio management and asset pricing literature for emerging markets.
Corporate Tax Operating Cash flow and Sales Growth and their Impact on Dividend Payout Ratio in Oil and Gas Companies Listed in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE)
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Waqas , Ullah Habib , Bashir Muhammad Athar , Asghar Hafiz Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to comprehend the dynamics of dividend payout in Pakistan’s oil and gas sector. This study is an attempt to differentiate that what are factors force firms to distribute dividends instead of enhancing retained earnings. To draw the required results 13 listed oil and gas companies have been incorporated in this study and their 5 years’ data has been studied.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is quantitative and secondary data has been used to extract results. The sources of the data are financial statements of the companies under study. Fixed and random effects of regression were used for data analysis.

Findings: Based on this study, it can be concluded that the independent variables selected in this model have the power to explain the dependent variable by 45%, which means the results generated through this study can be given importance accordingly in the oil and gas sector of Pakistan. The explanatory variables were identified from the prior literature and then their impact on dividend payout ratio was studied.

Implications/Originality/Value: It is evident from the results of the study that management can take necessary steps to formulate a mutually beneficial dividend policy that can enhance the strength and effectiveness of these explanatory variables to enforce a dividend policy that fulfils the expectations of both the investors and the company. The investors can also evaluate different factors that might have an impact on dividend distribution and they can also get the ability to determine dividend payout ratio which made the basis for decision making for investment in the given sector.
Laudacja wygłoszona podczas ceremonii wręczenia Księdzu Profesorowi Wojciechowi Bębnowi Nagrody im. Benedykta Polaka
Authors: Posern-Zieliński Aleksander
Published: January 2022

The article provides an outline of the career of Rev. Prof. Wojciech Bęben as a prominent ethnologist, experienced field researcher an expert in the indigenous peoples of New Guinea and Oceania. The author presents the biography and contribution of Wojciech Bęben, juxtaposing them with the achievements of other distinguished Polish researchers in this area – Jan Kubary and Bronisław Malinowski
Kartki z dziejów gdańskiego ośrodka etnologicznego
Authors: Splisgart Jacek
Published: January 2022

Ethnological Studies at the University of Gdańsk were established in 2009, making Gdańsk Ethnology Department the youngest department among anthropology-related researchinstitutions in Poland. The article discusses the history and development of Ethnology Studies in Gdańsk. It focuses on the academic profiles of scholars affiliated withthe Department, their research and the achievements of their students. In particular, the author discusses achievements of Father Wojciech Bęben (Professor of Ethnologyat the University of Gdańsk), who in 2009–2019 served as the Head of the Department of Ethnology (and Cultural Anthropology) at the University of Gdańsk.
Strefa kontaktu, czyli interaktywne relacje antropologa w terenie
Authors: Vorbrich Ryszard
Published: January 2022

Based on the classic concept developed by M.L. Pratt and the author’s experience of fieldwork in Africa, this article discusses methods of building a contact zone during anthropological field research. Under the conditions of such research, a limited space of mutual, lasting, interactive relations is created between the anthropologist and the local social environment. The contact zone understood in this way is produced discursively and practiced physically. The time factor and coordination of the anthropologist’s availa- bility with the rhythm of life in the studied community are paramount. The contact zone may have different scope and social depth – it will be shallow, scattered and short-lived in field research covering an extensive area, but will acquire an interactive depth during an “intensive habitation”, when an anthropologist shares everyday life with the studied community.
Teren, wspólnota, etyka: w poszukiwaniu „właściwej” drogi w terenowych badaniach antropologicznych
Authors: Rakowski Tomasz
Published: January 2022

In this article, I elaborate on some ethical and methodological doubts that have emerged in the course of my ethnographic fieldwork. They relate to the process of constructing the field, moments of collective experimentation, and the process of developing long-term relationships between the ethnographer and his or her interlocutors. I show how the stage of constructing the field may be uncertain and contingent, yet at the same time crucial for understanding the studied phenomena. I then explain how some forms of closeness and friendship in the field may be also transform into common social and artistic projects. Finally, I reflect on deeper ethical tensions related to authorship and authorization during the writing-up stage of research. I argue that some forms of collaboration in the field lead both towards a form of shared authorship and to the necessity to make our interlocutors’ identity anonymous and invisible.
OPTIMIZATION OF EQUIPMENT RESERVE FOR INTELLECTUAL AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
Authors: Chubaievskyi Vitaliy , Lakhno Valery , Akhmetov Berik , Kryvoruchko Olena , Kasatkin Dmytro , Desiatko Alona , Litovchenko Taras
Published: January 2022

Algorithms for a neural network analyzer involved in the decision support system (DSS) during the selection of the composition of backup equipment (CBE) for intelligent automated control systems Smart City are proposed. A model, algorithms and software have been developed for solving the optimization problem of choosing a CBE capable of ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the IACS both in conditions of technological failures and in conditions of destructive interference in the operation of the IACS by the attackers. The proposed solutions help to reduce the cost of determining the optimal CBE for IACS by 15–17% in comparison with the results of known calculation methods. The results of computational experiments to study the degree of influence of the outputs of the neural network analyzer on the efficiency of the functioning of the CBE for IACS are presented.
Analisis Penerapan Metode “Non-Value Added Activity Ellimination (Novaceli)” pada Organisasi Nir Laba di Lingkungan GKI
Authors: Wawolumaja Rudy , Santoso Santoso , Halim Winda , Carolina Vania
Published: January 2022

“Non Value Added activity elimination (NOVACELI)” dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti menghilangkan kegiatan yang tidak menambah nilai, istilah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu merupakan suatu metoda yang dikembangkan untuk lingkungan organisasi manufaktur untuk        menghilangkan pemborosan sumber daya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memperluas penerapan metode NOVACELI dilingkungan organisasi non manufaktur, yaitu lingkungan organisasi jasa    orientasi laba dan lingkungan organisasi nir laba (non) komersial. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan yaitu bagaimana sebaiknya “non value added activity elimination” untuk organisasi jasa nir laba.

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Kualitatif (Qualitative Research) dengan metoda pengumpulan data dengan pengamatan, tinjauan pustaka, tinjauan dokumen wawancara, Focus Group Discussion. Organisasi nirlaba yang menjadi sampel adalah organisasi gereja setempat dan universitas Kristen Maranatha. Pengamatan dilakukan secara pengamatan Peserta Kuasi (Quasi Partisipant), yaitu peneliti pada suatu rentang waktu melibatkan diri dalam aktivitas yang diamati. untuk memperkuat validitas penelitian, digunakan kombinasi triangulasi yaitu triangulasi data dan triangulasi investigator.

Dalam penelitian ini penciptaan dan evaluasi kegiatan dibagi dalam dua strata, yaitu strata strategis           dan strata operasional. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan untuk organisasi gereja setempat, pada strata strategis tema metode Novaceli tidak relevan dan untuk strata operasional metode Novaceli untuk industri jasa dapat diterapkan, yaitu pada kegiatan pelayanan administrasi dan kebutuhan surat keterangan bagi jemaat. Untuk organisasi Yayasan (YPTKM), metode Novaceli untuk industri jasa yang telah dikembangkan dapat   diterapkan pada dibidang kesekertariatan, atau pelayanan administratif  kesekretariatan pada direktorat pelaksana Yayasan dan tidak sesuai untuk kegiatan yayasan yang lain. Untuk organisasi Universitas Kristen Maranatha, maka untuk penciptaan dan evaluasi kegiatan pada strata strategis, juga penghilangan kegiatan yang tidak menambah nilai (novaceli), maka metode yang perlu dikembangkan adalah metode dalam manajemen strategi, yang menghasilkan rencana strategi, eksekusi dan evaluasi strategi. Sedangkan untuk strata operasional, seperti badan administrasi akademik, keuangan dan Sumber Daya manusia metode novaceli yang sudah dikembangkan untuk organisasi jasa komersial bisa diterapkan.

 

Kata kunci: Novaceli, limbah, organisasi nir laba
Kualitas Pelayanan Aplikasi Dana Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Gunawan Akbar , Wahyuni Nuraida , Nursekha Vidya
Published: January 2022

DANA merupakan aplikasi yang banyak memberi kemudahan dalam bertransaksi secara digital di Indonesia Gaya hidup manusia mulai terjadi pergeseran secara signifikan, dimana segala sesuatu dituntut untuk dilakukan secara cepat, mudah, dan praktis. Salah satu wujud kepraktisan yang ada di tengah masyarahat adalah maraknya sistem online. Saat ini DANA merupakan pembayaran e-wallet yang masih tergolong sangat baru di masyarakat. Karena itu aplikasi DANA ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk memberikan daya tarik bagi kaum milenial. Penelitian ini melakukan dua tahap, yaitu pendahuluan dan pengambilan data. Pendahuluan berupa survey untuk uji validitas dan reabilitas kuesioner, sedangkan pengambilan data dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada masyarakat pengguna Aplikasi DANA. Analisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode CSI dan IPA. Sampel yang diambil pada penelitian ini sebanyak 150 orang, dan terdapat 22 atribut  dengan menggunakan 5 dimensi. Nilai presentase CSI yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini sebesar 77.1 % yang merasa puas terhadap kualitas pelayanan pada Aplikasi DANA. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan 3 dari 22 atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan, 6 atribut yang harus di pertahankan dalam kualitas pelayanan, 9 atribut yang masih seimbang antara kinerja dengan kepentingan konsumen, dan 4 atribut yang kinerja lebih tinggi dari kepentingan konsumen. Adapun cara melakukan perbaikannya yaitu dengan menambahkan admin yang cepat menangani keluhan yang dialami oleh pelanggan, sehingga keluhan pelanggan dapat teratasi.

 

Kata kunci: Kepuasan Pelanggan, CSI, dan IPA
Infantile acne is a medical problem that calls for therapy
Authors:   1Khalifa E Sharquie, MD,PhD,FRCP Edin,   2Hamed A Al Farhan, MD,DD,   3Wisam S Najim, MD,FICM,   4Raed I Jabbar, MD ,CABD.
Published: January 2022

Background: Acne vulgaris of infants is a well-recognized medical and cosmetic problem as it may cause severe scarring of the face. Hence medical treatment is essentially needed. Objective: To record all patients with infantile acne vulgaris and to do full demographic and clinical evaluation. Patients and methods:This is case series clinical descriptive study with interventional therapeutic trial that included all patients with infantile acne vulgaris that were seen during the period from Jan 2021 – September 2021 years. All demographic and clinical features were recorded. The clinical scoring of acne severity was done as follow:mild when the rash was mainly comedones,moderate mainly papules and pustules and severe mainly nodules and scarring. Any triggering factors were recorded including hormonal changes. Therapy was started by giving topical 2% clindamycin twice a day and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suspension one teaspoonful twice a day for 1-2 months. Results: This study included 28 patients with infantile acne, with 19(67.86%) males and 9(32.14%) females with male to female ratio;2.1. The age of patients ranged from 1-24 months, with a mean 14.6 ±6.1.The duration of rash was ranged from 4-8 weeks. The commonest sites affected were cheeks in 27(96.4%) cases, followed by forehead in 8 (28.6%), then chin in 6 (23.1%), and nose 6 (23.1%) of the cases. Scoring of severity of acne showed moderate in 13(46.4%), followed by mild in 9 (32.1%), and sever in 6 (21.4%). The response to treatment was complete clearance in 15(53.6%) and partial response in 13(46.4%) of the patients while no adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Infantile acne is not uncommon disease among infants where medical therapy is essentially needed especially in severe cases as to prevent facial scarring. Early diagnosis and treatment with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suspension and topical 2% clindamycin lotion is an effective mode of therapy.
Undergraduate Nursing Students' Experience of Northern Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities
Authors: Le Roux  B.H.Sc., B.Sc.N., RN Sarah , Breen, B.H.Sc., B.Sc.N, CIC, RN Rachelle , Carbonneau RN B.Sc.N., M.Ed. Joanne
Published: January 2022

Undergraduate nursing programs are moving towards a service learning model in teaching nursing student cultural awareness. In this article, we discuss the nursing student experience in a university elective which immerses students in rural and remote Indigenous communities resulting in cultural consciousness. This service learning experience that students encountered promoted growth in nursing praxis, and fostered positive curriculum growth and community partnerships between the College and the Indigenous communities in which they visited. Students gained cultural consciousness and increased awareness, which is beneficial in their future nursing careers as they grow into better culturally competent care providers. Also discussed is the history and background of these Indigenous communities, The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and the First Nations Principles of OCAP (ownership, control, access and possession). These topics are discussed in detail throughout the student experience as they respond to nurses’ professional standards, development of cultural competency and integrating calls to action in truth and reconciliation.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RISKS OF INTRODUCING PRODUCED WATER INTO FRESHWATER INJECTION SYSTEM
Authors: Usman Usman
Published: January 2022

Mixing of waters from different sources may exacerbate the risk of formation damage and can impact on oil recovery. A case study is presented to demonstrate how to assess these risks. The study relies on laboratory-based work. Appropriate materials, methods, and procedures to assure the quality of test data and derive technically valid risks potential interpretations are discussed. The risks for potential plugging, scaling, permeability reduction, and oil recovery loss caused by introducing produced water are identified. Plugging is caused by bacterial growth and solid particles present in produced water. Bacterial growth is categorized as high. Solids Concentration is also high with its mean diameter larger than the non-damaging particle size. The CaCO3 scale is likely at reservoir temperature due to high concentration of HCO-3 in the produced water. Mixing of untreated produced water and treated freshwater caused signifi- cantly reduction in permeability. For the 25% PW and 75% FW mix, the permeability decreases by about 80% of its initial permeability. Adding 2000 ppm of biocide and fi ltered using 11 micron filter paper improved the quality of produced water. For the same mixing fraction, the permeability decreases only 47%. Analysis of pore throat size in conjunction with particle size of water samples suggests the need for using a fi lter less than 11 micron to avoid permeability decline imposed by solid particles. Waterflood experiments showed an ultimate recovery factor of 46.1% of original oil in place obtained from freshwater injection. Introducing 50% of produced water caused an oil recovery loss of 16% compared to freshwater injection alone. This lost oil recovery represents a quantitative effect of formation damage on oil production and may be valuable from the economic viewpoint.
A CASE STUDY OF FORMATION DAMAGE MITIGATION ON “X” FIELD, SUMATRA
Authors: Anggraeni Septi
Published: January 2022

Formation damage might cause low oil well productivity, therefore it is very important to effectively handle this issue. In fact, every operation in the field-drilling, completion, workover, production and stimulation, is a potential source of formation damage. In this case study, the oil company “A” plan to dispose produced water into Formation B, J, K, D,M. Laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effect of the injection of water into the reservoir formation. The experiment was conducted by measuring water permeability as a function of fluid volume injection. In addition, XRD analysis was also performed on effluent filtrate to support the results. Prior to investigating the sensitivity of reservoir rock to the fluid injection, the samples were injected with fresh water, saline water, produced water collected from Central Injection Facility, and also Filtered CIF Water. The results indicated that all formations were sensitive to fresh water and produced water. Moreover, the use of a filter will improve the water quality. Therefore, the produced water should be treated by using a filter and increasing water salinity. The XRD analysis showed that the potential damage is mostly caused by fine migration clay, however, swelling clay is also present in the small part of formation. The test results will be used for water treatment design, so as to minimize formation damage.
DETERMINATION OF SHALE GAS POTENTIAL OF NORTH SUMATRA BASIN: AN INTEGRATION OF GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, PETROPHYSICS AND GEOPHYSICS ANALYSIS
Authors: Musu Junita Trivianty , Widarsono Bambang , Ruswandi Andi , Sutanto Himawan , Humbang Purba
Published: January 2022

A detailed combined geological and geophysical study in North Sumatra basin has shown that prospective formations for shale play containing gas sweet spots are found to be in shales from Bampo, Belumai, and Baong Formations. Bampo Formation exhibits low shale gas potential with very low to medium in organic material contents, maturity index of immature to mature, and moderate brittleness. Rocks within the formation tend to be reactive to highly reactive to water, with a moderate degree of swelling capacity. Porosity varies within 5.8 - 7.4 % with permeability ranging from 0.37 to 3.2 mD. Sweet spots in the formation found around Basilam-1 and Securai-1wells occupy about 21% of the formation. On the other hand, Belumai Formation shows moderate to good shale gas potential, with low to high organic material contents, immature to mature levels of maturity, and moderately brittle to brittle. Sweet spot areas in the formation found around the two wells are about 29% of the formation. For Baong Formation, analysis reveals moderate to good shale gas potential, with low to medium contents of organic material, immature to mature in maturity index, moderately brittle to brittle in brittleness, and tendency of being reactive to highly reactive to water but with low degree of swelling capacity. Sweet spots in the formation found around the two wells occupies are roughly 11% of the total formation volume in the area. Basin modeling leading to gas resources estimation for Baong, Belumai and Bampo Formations has led to estimated volumes of 6,379 TCF, 16,994 TCF, and 25,024 TCF, respectively, with a total amount of 48,397 TCF. The resources figures are speculative in nature and do not incorporate any certainty and efficiency factors.
COMPARISON OF BIODIESEL B-20 AND B-30 ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCES AND EMISSIONS
Authors: Aisyah Lies , Wibowo Cahyo Setyo , Bethari Sylvia Ayu
Published: January 2022

Biodiesel is renewable energy that is made from renewable sources such as vegetable oil (palm oil, soybean oil or jathropa oil) through a trans-esterification reaction. Biodiesel can be used as a substitute for diesel fuel or as a mixture with diesel fuel. B-20 and B-30 fuel are a biodiesel mixture with diesel fuel which contains 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel and 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel fuel respectively. The aim of this study is to compare the performance tests of B-20 and B-30 on a diesel engine. Comparison of their performance comprises engine power, engine torque, specific fuel consumption (SFC) in various loads and emissions. Result shows that the B-20 and B-30 performance is affected by the chemical-physical characteristics of fuel, such as kinematic viscosity, cetane number, density and calorific values. Performance test results show that B-30 has 1.69% lower engine power and 0.62% higher SFC than B-20 at a full load condition. In contrast, B-30 has better emissions than B-20 with a 6.71% decrease in smoke opacity.
FEASIBILITY OF THE UTILIZATION CONDENSATE AS RAW MATERIAL FOR PETROCHEMICAL
Authors: Holisoh Holisoh
Published: January 2022

The utilization of condensate is currently not optimal yet, where most of its production are mixed with crude oil which results in significant shrinkage in oil volume. As a hydrocarbon product, condensate can be utilized as a raw material for petrochemical industry, fuel and solvent. Currently raw materials of petrochemical industry in Indonesia are imported from other countries. To optimize the utilization of condensate it is necessary to conduct a characteristic test of several types of condensate and then conducted a utilization analysis based on their number and its nature. Paraffin, Olefin, Naphthenic and Aromatic (PONA) test results showed that the six samples of condensate in the test had a fairly high paraffin content of above 60%. The highest paraffin content was 82.84% for condensate B and the lowest was 61.4% for condensate E. The six condensate samples contain higher paraffin, which are suitable for use as raw material for petrochemical olefin.The results of the economic calculation of the construction unit Olefin Process Center with a capacity of 100,000 BPSD, which is an IRR as 22.8 %, the NPV as of US $ 1,801,491,951.12 , POT for 4.1 years, and PI as 1.87. Developing of Olefin Process Unit Center being constructed in Indonesia is economical worthy.
CONSTRUCTION AND EXPRESSION?OF QUARTET RECOMBINANT PEPTIDE SURFACTANT FOR EOR APPLICATION
Authors: Sari Cut Nanda , Usman Usman , Lestary Refiana , Khairunnisa W.R. Riesa , Herlina Leni , Syafrizal Syafrizal , Kristianti Tati , Suhandono Sony
Published: January 2022

The main drawback of the SUPEL peptide surfactant product which has been developed for EOR application is it isunstable at a high temperature. This research is aimed at generating the prototype of peptide surfactant construction in recombinant by stringing up 4 SUPEL linier sequences. Quartet recombinant technology can produce the peptide surfactant characterized as reversible biosurfactant, which is active at high temperature but inactive at low temperature. Multiple SUPEL Construction (MSC) that was developed in this research is using synthetic DNA and producing SUPEL in 4 sequences that can flip at normal temperature and can open when heated. SDS PAGE analysis results show that MSC construction can be expressed by inducting IPTG and cell harvested at 90C. This research proves that construction and expression of the SUPEL quartet has been achieved by producing the peptide at an ideal size.
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ON THE USE OF DIMETHYL ETHER AS FUEL: A REVIEW (REVIEW PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI PEMANFAATAN DIMETHYL ETHER SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR)
Authors: Anggarani Riesta , Dhiputra I Made K , Wibowo Cahyo S , Rulianto Dimitri
Published: January 2022

Researchers have started focusing their research on alternative fuels. During the last two decades, Dimethyl Ether (DME) has emerged as a new potential fuel to substitute for oil and its derivatives. Raw materials for DME from sources such as coal, biomass, natural gas and also crude oil are spread all over the world so the interest is growing for using it as an energy source. While the technology for processing raw materials into DME is well established, the technology for DME applications for a wide range of usages is still being developed. The range of DME usage includes for automotive purposes, in industrial sectors, for household applications, and there is even fundamental research to discover more knowledge about DME safety and another technical considerations. Many research activities are now intensively being conducted in RD centers and universities. This paper reviews progress in research activities that been used to develop the technology for DME application. Some opportunities for discovering more applications are also discussed in this paper.Penelitian mengenai bahan bakar alternatif menjadi fokus para peneliti di seluruh dunia. Dalam dua dekade ini, Dimethyl Ether (DME) muncul sebagai bahan bakar baru yang potensial untuk menggantikan bahan bakar minyak dan turunannya. Bahan baku DME yang bervariasi dari batubara, biomassa, gas alam dan juga minyak bumi menjadikannya menarik untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber energi. Teknologi produksi DME dari beberapa bahan baku sudah tersedia secara matang, namun teknologi aplikasi DME untuk berbagai pemanfaatan masih terbatas. Pemanfaatan DME telah dilakukan pada berbagai sektor; otomotif, industri, aplikasi pada rumah tangga, dan bahkan juga penelitian fundamental untuk menggali pengetahuan yang lebih dalam tentang keselamatan penggunaan DME dan pertimbangan teknis lainnya dilakukan secara intensif di universitas serta lembaga lembaga penelitian. Paper ini meringkas progress kegiatan penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk mengembangkan teknologi aplikasi DME. Beberapa peluang untuk menemukan aplikasi baru didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini.
MICROEMULSION FLOODING MECHANISM FOR OPTIMUM OIL RECOVERY ON CHEMICAL INJECTION
Authors: Alli Yani Faozani , Tobing Edward ML , Usman Usman
Published: January 2022

The formation of microemulsion in the injection of surfactant at chemical flooding is crucial for the effectiveness of injection. Microemulsion can be obtained either by mixing the surfactant and oil at the surface or injecting surfactant into the reservoir to form in situ microemulsion. Its translucent homogeneous mixtures of oil and water in the presence of surfactant is believed to displace the remaining oil in the reservoir. Previously, we showed the effect of microemulsion-based surfactant formulation to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) of oil and water to the ultralow level that suffi cient enough to overcome the capillary pressure in the pore throat and mobilize the residual oil. However, the effectiveness of microemulsion flooding to enhance the oil recovery in the targeted representative core has not been investigated.In this article, the performance of microemulsion-based surfactant formulation to improve the oil recovery in the reservoir condition was investigated in the laboratory scale through the core flooding experiment. Microemulsion-based formulation consist of 2% surfactant A and 0.85% of alkaline sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were prepared by mixing with synthetic soften brine (SSB) in the presence of various concentration of polymer for improving the mobility control. The viscosity of surfactant-polymer in the presence of alkaline (ASP) and polymer drive that used for chemical injection slug were measured. The tertiary oil recovery experiment was carried out using core flooding apparatus to study the ability of microemulsion-based formulation to recover the oil production. The results showed that polymer at 2200 ppm in the ASP mixtures can generate 12.16 cP solution which is twice higher than the oil viscosity to prevent the fi ngering occurrence. Whereas single polymer drive at 1300 ppm was able to produce 15.15 cP polymer solution due to the absence of alkaline. Core flooding experiment result with design injection of 0.15 PV ASP followed by 1.5 PV polymer showed that the additional oil recovery after waterflood can be obtained as high as 93.41% of remaining oil saturation after waterflood (Sor), or 57.71% of initial oil saturation (Soi). Those results conclude that the microemulsion-based surfactant flooding is the most effective mechanism to achieve the optimum oil recovery in the targeted reservoir.
THE IMPACTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CARBON TAX ON FOSSIL FUELS: A HYBRID CGE ANALYSIS FOR INDONESIA
Authors: Hasudungan Herbert Wibert Victor
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the environmental and economic impacts of introducing the CO2 taxation on carbon-based fuels using a detailed disaggregation of energy-economy-environmental CGE model for Indonesia. The carbon tax has yet to be implemented in Indonesia. However, this instrument has been considered in the Ministry of Finance report as one of the governments fiscal strategic framework to finance the countrys action plan in commitments to reduce the GHG emissions. Suppose that the government levies the tax of Rp. 100,000/ton CO2e under two possible revenue-recycling scenarios: the carbon tax revenue is recycled through a reduction of labour income tax rate or an increase of government spending on commodities. For comparison purpose, we also implement the non-compensated scenario of which the additional revenue from carbon tax is kept as government savings to run budget surplus. Overall, the results suggested that the carbon tax reduces the national emissions but adding more costs to the economy,resulting a fall in GDP. In terms of income distribution, the carbon tax tends to be progressive in both scenarios of revenue-recycling. However, when there is no compensating mechanism, the carbon tax tends to be regressive - the poorer households carry a higher share of the carbon tax burden.
BIOCIDE SCREENING TEST TO PRODUCE WATER REINJECTION IN THE �X OIL FIELD�
Authors: Zulkifliani Zulkifliani
Published: January 2022

Oil field produced water with a high fl ow rate usually contains suspended solid, such as corrosion, scale, bacteria, clay, wax, and oil residue. Biocide is used to reduce viability of bacteria cell in produced water reused for produced water reinjection into oil reservoir. The objectives of this study is to examine anti bacteria activity of fi ve active compound biocides i.e. Glutaraldehide (Biocide-1), Aldehyde-Based and Surfactants (Biocide-2), Glutaraldehyde, Quartenary Ammonium Compounds (Biocide-3), Tetrakis Phosphonium Hydroxymethyl Sulfate (Biocide-4), and Amine Aldehide (Biocide-5) for reduced bacteria cell in produced water in this fi eld. Resulted in this study is general aerobic bacteria group is high contamination at the produced water reinjection. Bacteria isolates identifi ed is Bacillus sp (2 types of isolates) and Pseudomonas alcaligenes. The type of Biocides-2 and Biocide-3 reduced the number of bacteria cells maximal at a concentration of 200 ppm.Oil field produced water with a high fl ow rate usually contains suspended solid, such as corrosion,scale, bacteria, clay, wax, and oil residue. Biocide is used to reduce viability of bacteria cell in producedwater reused for produced water reinjection into oil reservoir. The objectives of this study is to examineanti bacteria activity of fi ve active compound biocides i.e. Glutaraldehide (Biocide-1), Aldehyde-Basedand Surfactants (Biocide-2), Glutaraldehyde, Quartenary Ammonium Compounds (Biocide-3), TetrakisPhosphonium Hydroxymethyl Sulfate (Biocide-4), and Amine Aldehide (Biocide-5) for reduced bacteriacell in produced water in this fi eld. Resulted in this study is general aerobic bacteria group is highcontamination at the produced water reinjection. Bacteria isolates identifi ed is Bacillus sp (2 types ofisolates) and Pseudomonas alcaligenes. The type of Biocides-2 and Biocide-3 reduced the number ofbacteria cells maximal at a concentration of 200 ppm.
CONVERSION OF CO2 TO HYDROCARBON SYNFUEL BY UTILIZING NUCLEAR HYDROGEN COGENERATION
Authors: Salimy Djati H
Published: January 2022

A study of the utilization of hydrogen cogeneration with nuclear energy as a technology for the conversion of CO2 into synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out. The aim of the study is to understand the conversion of CO2 and H2 into synthetic fuels, as well as the role of nuclear hydrogen cogeneration for the production of hydrogen and as a source of process heat energy. The method used is literature study based on the results of existing research. Conventionally, synthetic fuel production from coal is produced through coal gasification process, followed by reacting synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H2) in FT reactor to synthesis fuel. In this study, we studied the production of synthetic fuels with CO2 and H2 raw materials. CO2 comes from emissions of coal-fired plants, whereas H2 is produced by nuclear hydrogen cogeneration systems. The results show that compared to conventional processes, CO2 and H2-based processes supported by coal cogeneration systems provide significant advantages in terms of CO2 emissions. The process based on coal gasification and nuclear cogeneration, capable of reducing emissions by up to 75% and saving up to 40% of coal consumption. While the process based only on CO2 and nuclear hydrogen cogeneration (without coal gasification), teoretically can operate witout any CO2 emission at all. Even this process can captured and utilize CO2 emissions from coal fired plant, and use it as a raw material for the process.
A CUSTOMIZED QUASI THREE-PHASE DRAINAGE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MODEL FOR SOME INDONESIAN WATER-WET SANDSTONES
Authors: Widarsono, M.Sc. Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang
Published: January 2022

Information about drainage effective two-phase i.e. quasi three-phase relative permeability characteristics of reservoir rocks is regarded as very important in hydrocarbon reservoir modeling. The data governs various processes in reservoir such as gas cap expansion, solution gas expansion, and immiscible gas drive in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The processes are mechanisms in reservoir that in the end determines reserves and resevoir production performance. Nevertheless, the required information is often unavailable for various reasons. This study attempts to provide solution through customizing an existing drainage relative permeability model enabling it to work for Indonesian reservoir rocks. The standard and simple Corey et al. relative permeability model is used to model 32 water-wet sandstones taken from 5 oil wells. The sandstones represent three groups of conglomeratic sandstones, micaceous-argillaceous sandstones, and hard sandstones. Special correlations of permeability irreducible water saturation and permeability ratio irreducible water saturation have also been established. Model applications on the 32 sandstones have yielded specific pore size distribution index (?) and wetting phase saturation parameter (Sm) values for the three sandstone groups, and established a practical procedure for generating drainage quasi three-phase relative permeability curves in absence of laboratory direct measurement data. Other findings such as relations between ? and permeability and influence of sample size in the modeling are also made.
IMBIBITION WATER-OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY: INTRODUCTION OF WETTABILITY STRENGTH FOR ENHANCING MODEL ROBUSTNESS
Authors: Widarsono Bambang
Published: January 2022

Water-oil relative permeabilty information of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks plays important roles in various modeling activities related to reservoir modeling and production forecast. The imbibition relative permeability scheme - the process of concern in this study affects many dynamic processes in reservoir. Water flooding and water encroachment form aquifer to oil zone in the reservoir are two two examples which representation in reservoir model requires the data. This study uses the standard Corey relative permeability model as a tool to study and model imbibition relative permeability behaviour of some reservoir rocks in Indonesia. Laboratory data from as many as 340 rock samples - sandstones and limestones - of various permeability and wettability from various oil fi elds in Indonesia is used. Activities in the modeling has pointed out the need to introduce two new empirical factors that relate to rock wettability and non- wetting fl ow hindrance to the model. The two factors appear to have signifi cantly improved the ability of the model to agree and match to the measured data. The modeling also produces suggested values of the factors for rock groups based on rock wettability type and strength, as well as on permeability categories. Comparison between modeling results before and after modifi cation has shown signifi cant improvement in validity of output.
NEW SPECIES OF RADIOLARIA FROM THE ISLAND OF BUTON, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI
Authors: Soeka Soemoenar
Published: January 2022

Soeka (1991) reported 30 new species of radiolarians, 3 new genera, and several undetermined species from the Tobelo Formation, Buton Island, South East Sulawesi. Among the undetermined spesies are proposed as new spesies and presented in this report. Those new species are: 1. Actinomma panujui Soeka; sp. nov.; 2. Orbiculiforma eocenica Soeka; 3. Spongotrochus kholiqi Soeka, sp. nov.; 4. Spongotrochus buskamali Soeka, sp. nov.; 5. Spongotrochus iskandari Soeka, sp. nov.; 6. Sethodiscus (Sethodiscinus) imami Soeka, sp. nov.; 7. Lichnocanoma rasantyoi Soeka, sp. nov.; and 8. Sethocapsa transitoria Soeka.
INTEGRATED INITIAL WATER SATURATION MODELLING
Authors: Wihdany Falza Izza , Irawan Dedy , Utomo Muhammad Rakha , Fitro Agung Mubaroqan
Published: January 2022

This study presents a new approach to estimate initial water saturation. The initial water saturation is determined by integrating formation tester (RFT), drill stem test (DST), well logging, and laboratory measurement (RCAL SCAL) data. This method utilizes Brook-Correys parametrical equation to determine synthetic capillary pressure and initial water saturation as a function of depth and rock type. Rock type and permeability are distributed vertically by using well log interpretation. DST and formation tester data are used to control the initial water saturation calculation. The calculation needs to iterate Brook-Correys constant by using solver until the results are matching with all data. The precise step of this method is presented by using synthetic data (ideal reservoir characteristic). Case studies are provided for testing the proposed method. The product of this study is essential where well log data could be changed by time (production activity) and core measurement data are very limited. The results of case studies demonstrate that the method is not affected by rock mineralogy or reservoir condition. This new approach is successfully integrated and matched with field and laboratory measurement data. Moreover, the method could be applied in any reservoir.
Evaluation of Chemical for Sand Consolidation in Laboratory Scale
Authors: Sugihardjo Sugihardjo
Published: January 2022

These paper contains a highlight of laboratory experiment to evaluate the work of chemical for sand consolidation to strengthen the bonding between grains of rock while do not cause permeability reduction significantly. This experiment used reservoir rock and fluids to understand the interaction between the chemical solution and the reservoir rock and fluid. Firstly, the reservoir rock and fluid were analyzed their properties. The rock has been analyzed using CT Scan to drill the best representative core plug for the experiments, using SEM to identify the pore throat and pore geometry of the rock, using XRD to determine the minerals composition which mostly quartz. While the fluids have been analyzed for the anions and cations content, viscosity and other important properties. The brine particle content and also particle size distribution of the rock have been also over lied in the graph in order to know the possibility of bridging particle in the pore throat, but the graph looks good that no problem may arise from the bridging particle. Chemical for Sand Consolidation has been used in this experiment. Sand consolidation chemical normally contain plastic resin that has a property of bonding between solid materials. It sticks on the surface of solid materials and bonding together.The core flooding experiments have been run for 4 times, 2 times using synthetic cores and the other two using native cores. The experiments used synthetic cores reduce the permeability significantly. However, after cutting both ends of the core the permeability has indicated improvement. The other 2 experiments using native cores have reduced the permeability approximately 4 times down. The last two experiments have no cutting the ends of core for further experiments, so they cannot be compared to the first two experiment. So, the experiment procedures must be improved for the next evaluation, such as during curing time the rate of injected oil may be increased to reduce the adsorption of chemical to the surface area of the pore and also to hinder the flocculation of chemical in the pore space.
Crude Oil Pipeline Security: Minimizing Illegal Tapping using “SOLIDS” System
Authors: Rais Muhammad
Published: January 2022

One of subsidiaries of Pertamina is Pertamina Gas which manage special task in operating crude oil transportation 15,000 barrel oil per day (BOPD). In the operation still occur illegal tapping activities and risk of pipeline product theft is a major concern to industry. In 2012, oil thieves drills 748 illegal taps or an average 2 times every day. Losses from transportation approximately 40% per day and loss revenue more than $20 million a year. The activities of illegal tapping by cutting into pipelines can cause pipeline ruptures and explosions, leading to human casualties, destruction of property, and damage to the environment. Pertamina Gas reported that illegal taps rise to 400% from 2010 until 2013 and effort was taken to minimize illegal tapping frequency and develops integrated system that includes supervision and security of assets along the pipeline called “Security and Oil Losses Management with Integrated Detection System (SOLIDS)”. This system includes liquid management system (LMS), pipeline leak detection system (PLDS), security team patrol, emergency response team (ERT), radio communication-CCTV and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The implementation of SOLIDS is an effective oil loss detection technologies and pipeline security that detect product thefts quickly and accurately locate illegal tapping points. SOLIDS investment costs are still smaller than the company's losses due oil losses and environmental impact.Pertamina Gas has been succeeded in reducing losses from illegal taps. In 2012 the number of illegal tapping cases 748 points and decreased significantly in 2018 as many as zero case. Consistent implementation of this system will provide solution in reducing losses and illegal tapping under all operational conditions.
Reducing Residual Moveout Seismic Anisotropy Model Using Three-Ray GMA (General Moveout Approximation)
Authors: Wijaksono Egie , Purba Humbang
Published: January 2022

A “ hockey stick” phenomenon is one of anisotropic effects that should be eliminated in marine seismic data. It can increase residual moveout at the far offsets and impact to the distortion of refl ection event amplitude, eventually, reduce the seismic imaging quality. Conventional hyperbolic moveout approximation, an algorithm isotropic model commonly used for seismic processing, has a drawback in supressing such phenomenon. It is also not reliable for medium anisotropy model and long offset data. Many researchers formulated nonhyperbolic moveout approimations but it has limitation analysis for inteval offset-depth ratio (ODR) more than four. We present three-ray generalized moveout approximation (three-ray GMA) for transversely isotropic medium with vertical axis of symmetry (VTI), which is a modifi ed non-hyperbolic moveout approximation from original GMA, to cover up of the weakness of the hyperbolic approximation. The objective of this study is to eliminate “ hockey stick” effect and minimize the residual moveout much smaller at once at the far offsets (offsetdepth ratio 4). In this study, we used synthetic data for single layer model in VTI medium to calculate relative traveltime error for each recent method over a range of offsets (0 ≤ ODR ≤ 6) and anisotropic parameters (0 ≤  ≤ 0.5). We also make comparative method for multi layer and implement it in a velocity analysis and residual moveout calculation. The three-ray GMA shows a better capability than comparative method to reduce residual moveout for larger offset. This result is important for enhancing seismic imaging.
Servicios públicos de salud en las huastecas hidalguense y potosina, México: un derecho humano en entredicho en la coyuntura del Covid 19
Authors: Dolores Bautista Jorge , Mayorga Muñoz Vianey Azucena
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo explora las condiciones de los servicios públicos de salud disponibles en las regiones indígenas de las huastecas hidalguense y potosina. A nivel estatal y regional se analiza de manera comparativa los rubros de afiliación, personal e infraestructura médica con el fin de demostrar la precariedad de los servicios de salud en estas regiones vecinas y geográficamente distantes de las capitales de sus estados, donde se concentran los principales recursos de atención médica. Los resultados se analizan en el marco del derecho a la salud de los pueblos indígenas, el cual está muy lejos de consumarse debido a la precariedad estructural de la atención en salud a este sector de la población y por los efectos prolongados de la pandemia de Covid19