bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYSTEMIC ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS HAZARDS TO MODERN GLOBAL MONETARY AND FINANCIAL STABILITY
Authors: Buz Andrii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: July 2024

This article explores the systemic endogenous and exogenous threats facing global monetary and financial stability amidst escalating geo-economic fragmentation. It critically examines the evolving dynamics in the dominance of traditional currencies, particularly the US dollar, in light of the emergent roles of the euro and the yuan, contextualised by global financial interdependencies and rapid advancements in digital technology. The study underscores the traditional criteria for an international currency – including economic stability, openness to trade and capital, and the depth and liquidity of financial markets – and supplementsthese with the contemporary necessity for institutional robustness. A thorough literature review reveals vulnerabilities within the global banking system exposed by recent stress tests, highlighting the fragility of banking liquidity. It also examines the impacts of geopolitical tensions and rapid technological transformations, such as the effect of social media on financial markets and the swift movement of capital. The discussion extends to the implications of geopolitical fragmentation on global liquidity and economic stability, emphasising the critical need for robust preventive measures and a regulatory framework adaptable to evolving financial threats. The core findings of this research emphasise that effective regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing financial stability could alleviate the volatility of capital flows and diminish systemic risks, thereby reinforcing the status of certain currencies as international reserves. The paper posits that for a currency to qualify as an international reserve, it must possess assets that ensure value stability and exhibit minimal price impact during financial disruptions. Methodologically, this study employs a blend of theoretical and empirical approaches, merging quantitative and qualitative analyses to address its research objectives comprehensively. Given the current global financial uncertainties and shifts in the international currency arena, this paper is crucial for policymakers, financial analysts, and academic researchers engaged in the discourse of international finance.
Un gallego universal: José Alonso Trelles (El viejo Pancho)
Authors: Sigüenza Raimúndez Julio
Published: July 2024

Discurso lido no acto da súa recepción, polo ilustrísimo señor don Julio Sigüenza Reimúndez e resposta do excelentísimo señor don Ángel del Castillo López. O solemne acto académico en que foron lidos os dous discursos recolleitos no presente volume celebrouse o 28 de xaneiro de 1956 no Pazo municipal da Coruña. Julio Sigüenza bosquexa a biografía de José Alonso Trelles, ribadense radicado no Uruguai, xornalista satírico, dramaturgo e poeta gauchesco de relevante éxito popular e recoñecemento crítico. A edición dos textos realizouse a partir dos manuscritos conservados no arquivo da Real Academia Galega.
MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESULTS OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: Yukhnovska Yulia ,   Municipal Institution of Higher Education “Khortytsia National Educational Rehabilitation Academy” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council, Volyk Natalia , Ryzhenko Oleksii ,   Municipal Institution of Higher Education “Khortytsia National Educational Rehabilitation Academy” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council,   Municipal Institution of Higher Education “Khortytsia National Educational Rehabilitation Academy” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the topical issue of managing financial results in the conditions of a market economy. The article analyzes the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers and specialists on the study of methods and techniques for analyzing financial results; the main complex measures for ensuring and forming the financial results of organizations in Ukraine are defined; a study of the main methods of planning financial results was carried out. The article states that the study of the dynamics of financial results according to the components of accounting will solve a number of problems: evaluate the competitive position of the organization: the growth of profit from sales, which indicates an increase in the competitiveness of the organization and its products; evaluate the organization's asset management strategy: a decrease in profit from sales while increasing operating income may mean a reduction in the main type of activity along with an increase in operations related to the transfer of property for lease or asset sales; give an assessment of the “quality” of economic and legal work in the organization: for example, an increase in unrealized income signals the high quality of claims work or the collection of receivables previously recognized as hopeless. It was determined that a general assessment of the organization's activity is given on the basis of such financial indicators as profit – an absolute indicator and profitability – a relative indicator. It was determined that the concept of “financial leverage effect” is used to assess the effectiveness of the organization's use of loan funds. When borrowing funds, profit before taxation is reduced due to the inclusion of interest for their use in the composition of expenses. The main component dependencies are analyzed, which reflect the increase in the return on equity due to the tax corrector, the differentiation of financial leverage and financial leverage. Approaches to the formation, distribution and analysis of such indicators as profit and profitability have been considered, allowing to manage the activities of the organization in order to maximize financial results. The concept of profit, which needs three goals, has been studied: 1) tax calculation; 2) creditor protection; 3) choosing a reasonable investment policy. It is determined that the return on equity can be increased by using borrowed funds and the factors that affect the return on equity are determined.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ЛІКВІДНОСТІ ТА ПЛАТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ УСТАНОВИ
Authors: Горбачова Оксана , Петрова Анастасія
Published: July 2024

У статті розглянуто теоретичні аспекти понять ліквідності та платоспроможності банку та визначено роль, яку вони відіграють в аспекті підтримки його функціонування в умовах викликів сучасності. Зазначено функції, виконання яких вимагатиме меншого обсягу витрат за оптимального рівня ліквідності. Розкрито сутність ризику ліквідності та однієї із головних передумов, що зумовлюють його виникнення, і підкреслено важливість його врахування менеджментом банку з метою оперативного реагування на зміни у середовищі. Окреслено зовнішні (загальні і спеціальні) і внутрішні фактори, які можуть впливати на показники ліквідності та платоспроможності банку. Охарактеризовано методи оцінки потреби банківської установи у ліквідних коштах: метод структури коштів, метод коефіцієнтів, метод об’єднання джерел та використання коштів, особливості застосування та їх переваги і недоліки. Зосереджено увагу на індикаторах, які можуть свідчити про погіршення ліквідності, та на причинах розгортання кризи ліквідності. Наголошено на значимості проведення банком ефективної та продуманої роботи над впровадженням необхідних заходів, спрямованих на вирішення проблем із ліквідністю. Здійснено ознайомлення із особливостями регулювання Національним банком України стану ліквідності та платоспроможності банків на сучасному етапі через вивчення відповідних нормативів, а саме: коефіцієнтів покриття ліквідністю за всіма та іноземною валютою окремо і коефіцієнта чистого стабільного фінансування. Розглянуто зміни значень нормативів, які відбувались з ними впродовж останніх років. Проведено паралелі між ліквідністю і платоспроможністю банків, що дозволило виділити їх головні відмінні риси. Досліджено ліквідність і платоспроможність банку в контексті виокремлення можливих варіантів їх співіснування й специфіку його функціонування за кожним із них та виявлено, що банк здатний проваджувати діяльність при наявній ліквідності але неплатоспроможності - і навпаки. Описано умови, за розвитку яких, банк може опинитись у ситуації неплатоспроможності, та до яких наслідків це може призвести. Наведено основні положення, що стосуються поточних змін стану ліквідності банківської системи України.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ФАКТОРИ ЗРОСТАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ МІЖ РИНКОМ ЗЕРНА ТА ТВАРИННИЦТВОМ
Authors: Щербак Денис
Published: July 2024

Інноваційний шлях розвитку сільського господарства став особливо актуальним і часто єдино можливим способом подолання зростаючих продовольчих проблем. Вагомий внесок в їх рішення повинна внести і Україна, що володіє приблизно 6% світових орних площ і науково-технічним потенціалом, здатним відповісти на непрості виклики сучасного аграрного розвитку. У процесі досліджень застосовувалися економіко-статистичні методи, методи систематизації, узагальнення, анкетування, метод експертних оцінок. Метою статті є вивчення інноваційно-інвестиційних факторів зростання конкурентоспроможності українського тваринництва. В статті розглянуто структура інвестицій в основний капітал в сільському господарстві України, цільові індикатори тваринництва держпрограми з розвитку сільського господарства. Вивчено виконання основних показників Стратегії сталого розвитку України до 2030 року. Встановлено, що однією з найбільш актуальних завдань інвестиційної політики в АПК в даний час є забезпечення реальної доступності позикових фінансових коштів для більшої частини сільських товаровиробників, що дало б їм можливість своєчасно і якісно модернізувати основний капітал і поповнювати оборотні кошти. Визначено, що підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняного тваринництва на інноваційній основі багато в чому визначається науково-обґрунтованим підходом до розвитку його кормової бази.
Digital Marketing adoption in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Caraballo Payares Alexander , Luna Jorge , Carbal Herrera Adolfo
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives: This paper seeks to analyze the current state of digital marketing adoption by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia and its consequent impact on these entities. To achieve this, the digital marketing strategies employed by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises across various sectors in the country are examined, aiming to understand their level of adoption. Methods: Qualitative study using document analysis methodology with content analysis to analyze the adoption and implementation of digital marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia Findings: It was found that digital marketing strategies have a positive impact on the growth and development of businesses in Colombia. Despite this, many companies lack knowledge to implement these strategies. Conclusion: It is essential for Colombian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to undergo constant training and updates in information and communication technologies. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises should invest in and educate their labor force on digital tools to enhance their positioning and financial performance.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION AND HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER PROXIMAL TO A DUMPSITE IN GIWO, BAUCHI STATE
Authors: Mshelia Yusuf Madu , Arhyel Mbursa , Boniface Abah
Published: July 2024

Water quality is a critical concern for human well-being and ecological stability, particularly as groundwater serves as a vital source of freshwater globally, sustaining various societal sectors. Human activities have increasingly polluted groundwater with contaminants, notably heavy metals, presenting potential health hazards to communities reliant on these water sources. This study investigates heavy metal contamination in borehole water samples from four distinct locations within Giwo, Bauchi State, Nigeria, and evaluates the associated long-term health risks of consuming this water. Analysis of the water samples identified iron to have the highest concentration (1.140 mg/L) while lead recorded the lowest concentration (0.0003 mg/L), the concentrations of zinc and copper across all the four locations were within the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) established by the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) of 3.0 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L. The Average Daily Intake (ADI) from water consumption for, zinc, iron, copper, cadmium, and manganese were consistently below their corresponding Reference Doses (RfDs) of 0.3 mg/kg/day, 0.7 mg/kg/day, 0.04 mg/kg/day, 0.0005 mg/kg/day, and 0.14 mg/kg/day, respectively for all water samples analyzed while the remaining heavy metals exhibited ADIs exceeding their established RfDs. Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for most metals were below the threshold of 1, suggesting a relatively low risk of adverse health effects. However, prolonged consumption of this water may heighten cumulative health risks associated with specific heavy metals, warranting continuous monitoring and remedial actions.
PALYNOLOGICAL, PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND PALEOCLIMATE ANALYSES OF EMI-5-WELL, OFFSHORE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Authors: Ekom J. C. , Alkali Y. B. , Goro A. I. , Uneuhvo C. I.
Published: July 2024

Palynological, Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic investigations of Emi-5 well Offshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria was conducted to established palynozones, determine age, reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions and paleoclimatic conditions to permit stratigraphic correlation, provide insights into the depositional settings and changes overtime within the basin. Fifty one (51) shaly ditch cutting samples were subjected to standard palynological method involving sample maceration with 10 % HCl and 40 % HF acids to remove carbonates and siliceous components, neutralization with distilled water and sieving through 5-micron sieve, followed by separation of palynomorphs from residue prior to mounting of the grains on glass slides for further analysis. The palynological composition is marked by dorminance of pollen and spores over dinoflagellate cysts. The intercalation of the sandy and shaly intervals across the section evidenced from lithologic, textural, and wire line log data suggested that the entire studied interval belong to the Agbada Formation. Three interval range zones were delineated using the international stratigraphic guide for the establishment of biozones, they are Stereisporites sp – Verrutricolporites rotundiporus; Verrutricolporites rotundiporus – Gemmemonoporites sp. and Retistephanocolpites gracilis – Pachydermites diederixi Zones and based on the aforementioned zones the interval is assigned middle Miocene to late Miocene. Coastal-deltaic environment of deposition is inferred for the studied interval on the basis of occurrence and dominance of diagnostic forms such as Zonocostites ramonae,Rhizophora, Psilatricoloporites crasssus and Acrostichum aureum while good representation of these forms and the identified palyno-ecological groups placed the interval on a wet climatic zone.
WELL-POSEDNESS OF A NOVEL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PERTUSSIS WITH VACCINATION AND ASYMPTOMATIC CLASSES
Authors: Ogbuagu B. , Maigemu M. D. , Abubakar S. F.
Published: July 2024

Bordetella pertussis is the bacterium that causes pertussis, a highly contagious respiratory disease spread primarily through droplet coughing or sneezing. Despite all efforts to reduce or even eliminate the transmission of pertussis disease, it continues to be hazardous in newborns and adults, causing illness and death in both age groups. Numerous studies have examined the factors that influence the spread of pertussis epidemiology and have used mathematical models to predict the possible effects of different vaccination approaches. In this paper, a mathematical model of pertussis has been formulated by incorporating the vaccination and Asymptomatic classes. We established that the existence and uniqueness of solution, boundedness and positivity of solution holds for the epidemiological model.
Pengaruh Terapi Musik Langgam Jawa Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Pre Operasi di RSUD Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen
Authors: Permata Alfia Dyah , Maliya Arina
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT Music therapy has long been recognized for its potential to reduce anxiety levels in various medical conditions. Preoperative anxiety can negatively impact patients' psychological and physical well-being, as well as surgical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of Javanese Langgam music therapy on preoperative anxiety levels among patients at RSUD Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. This research method is pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling, with 5 respondents and used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The data analysis used in this research was the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results, it was found that there was a significant influence of Javanese nyidam sari music therapy on the level of anxiety in preoperative patients (p=0.043 <0.05). It can be concluded that there is an influence of the Javanese style of nyidam sari music therapy on the anxiety level of pre-operative patients in the hospital. Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Keywords: Music Therapy, Javanese Style, Anxiety  ABSTRAK Terapi musik telah lama diakui memiliki potensi untuk mengurangi tingkat kecemasan pada berbagai kondisi medis. Kecemasan sebelum operasi dapat berdampak negatif pada kesejahteraan psikologis dan fisik pasien, serta pada hasil operasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi music langgam jawa nyidam sari terhadap kecemasan pada pasien pre operasi di RSUD. dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Metode penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen design dengan one group pre – test dan post – test design.  Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan 5 responden dan meggunakan kuisioner Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Analisa data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah uji Wilcoxon. Berdasarkkan hasil didaptakan ada pengaruh signifikansi terapi music langgam jawa nyidam sari terhadap tingan kecemasan pada pasien pre operasi (p=0,043 <0,05). Dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh terapi music langgam jawa nyidam sari terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien pre operasi di RS. dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Kata Kunci: Terapi Music, Langgam Jawa, Kecemasan
Unleashing Uncharted Horizons: The Parallel Evolution of AI and Historic Technological Shifts
Authors: Niham Dutta
Published: July 2024

The transformative impact of technological innovation in warfare through historical examples of Tanks and Airplanes emerging from World War I. It highlights the swift evolution from invention to weaponization, emphasizing the potential for unexpected consequences. Drawing parallels with the nascent AI technology, the abstract discusses its uncertain role in shaping the future, including its current applications in warfare and governance. It underscores the growing influence of AI across sectors, especially in the military domain with instances like Ukraine. Amid a global shift towards AI adoption, led by major nations, the abstract underscores the emergence of a potentially perilous AI technology race, raising concerns about its capabilities and vulnerabilities, including scenarios of rogue actions with catastrophic implications.
Blockchain Technology: Revolutionizing Data Integrity and Security in Digital Environments
Authors: Maariz Akhmad , Wiputra Muhammad Aqil , Armanto Muhammad Randika Dafa
Published: July 2024

This study explores the transformative impact of blockchain technology on data integrity and security in digital environments. Through a comprehensive assessment of data integrity metrics across prominent blockchain networks, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger Fabric, we unveil nuanced differences in immutability and reliability. Our security analysis delves into the cryptographic strength and resistance to unauthorized access, showcasing the outstanding security features of Hyperledger Fabric and Bitcoin, with Ethereum exhibiting commendable yet moderate security levels. The discussions underscore the multifaceted nature of blockchain technology, emphasizing the importance of selecting a platform aligned with specific use cases. Hyperledger Fabric and Bitcoin emerge as strong contenders for applications requiring high integrity and robust security, while Ethereum offers a reliable but moderate alternative. As blockchain technology continues to evolve, this study provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers, guiding the strategic selection of blockchain platforms to harness their transformative potential in diverse digital environments.
The Role Of Cognitive Sharing In Enhancing The E-Learning Quality An Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Iraqi Universities
Authors: Mazin Ibrahim Hanan , Abdel Qader Al-Nuaimi Salah
Published: July 2024

The world faced many communication challenges in 2020 after the Covid-19 pandemic, the most important of which was the continuation of schooling. Therefore, the research aimed to analyze the current reality of the studied universities in terms of strengths and weaknesses and measure the implementing level of quality requirements of e-learning. This research studies the impact of knowledge sharing in its dimensions (behavior, organizational culture, work teams, and technology) on the e-learning quality and its dimensions (e-learning management, educational content, evaluation ,and evaluation). After conducting the survey, there was a difference in the universities’ application of the quality requirements of e-learning, as the study was conducted in the engineering departments of Iraqi public universities (Al-Nahrain, Technology, and Iraqia). The questionnaire was tested as a measure of the research variables and the relationship between them by selecting a sample that included 52 administrators who were distributed among the leaders (deans of colleges and heads of quality assurance departments). The descriptive analytical approach was adopted, in addition to using some statistical methods for the two programs (SPSS v.25). The results of the research indicated that the universities included in the study applied knowledge exchange to a moderate degree, and the behavioral dimension ranked first, while the organizational culture, technology, and work teams were good. There is a statistically significant effect of knowledge exchange on the quality of e-learning, and it also indicated that knowledge sharing has a direct impact on the dimensions of e-learning.
The Role of Value Stream in Measuring Environmental Costs and Reducing Costs
Authors: Shaker Dhari Saba , Ahmed Nouri Muqdad
Published: July 2024

Most economic units suffer from high rates of environmental pollution and a shortage of available resources and energy. This iead to a significant increase in production costs. In addition the economic units  lack of using modern cost methods through which environmental costs and production costs are identified, allocated and measured. One of these methods is the value flow method . which works to track production processes, analyze inputs and outputs, and classify them into sound products and unhealthy products (waste).This in turn  enables management to identify value-added activities and non-value-added activities, and works to reduce environmental impacts, the amount of waste, and reduce losses that occur during production, Therfure the production process and optimal exploitation of resources, reduce  product costs and producing environmentally friendly products, and this leads to improving environmental performance in Iraqi economic units. The research aims to restructure the economic unit, which is managed through its departments and manage it according to the value flow method and to calculate environmental costs. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of this study and testing the hypotheses, the General Company for Heavy Engineering Equipment waschosen.The sample is one of the companies of the Ministry of Oil . relying on the financial and non-financial data that it included. Reports and records for the year 2021-2022.as well as field consultation and deliberation of questions with engineers, specialists and workers to benefit from their accumulated experience.The collected data are  anaiysed  according to value flow cost accounting in order to improve the production process, and in order to reduce environmental impacts, the amount of waste and emissions, and optimal exploitation of resources and energy. The most important conclusions reached by the researcher were the ability of the value flow to calculate the environmental costs of each flow within the economic unit, as well as providing more accurate and objective data and information for making decisions and measuring the performance of the economic unit to contribute to monitoring environmental activities and the possibility of reducing the costs of those activities.
An Analysis of The Extent of Strategic Entrepreneurships’ Dimensions which applied by the leaders of The National Security Advisory
Authors: Abdulhussein Kzar * Alaa , Jassim Mohammed Alyaa
Published: July 2024

Strategic entrepreneurship is one of the contemporary administrative trends that elevate the status of organizations by enhancing their level of performance, and its importance is particularly clear for security organizations. The current research aims to diagnose the level of practice of strategic Entrepreneurship in the National Security Advisory in Iraq. The research community was represented by the administrative leaders of the National Security Advisory, and the research included a sample of (133) of the leaders of the surveyed Advisory, and the questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information related to the research. The current research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, being the most appropriate for the research as it is embodied in follow-up, investigation, and codification in a qualitative way to know the phenomenon in terms of subject and content, and to reach results and generalizations that help in understanding reality, and a number of statistical methods were used, including the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and percentages, Correlation coefficient and regression coefficient, through the statistical program (SPSS). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which was the interest of the National Security Adviser in entrepreneurial culture, which raises the level of strategic Entrepreneurship, resulting from strengthening its position through the ability to make decisions and follow up on its implementation carefully, in addition to having a clear philosophy through which it attracts promising ideas in a high way.
The Impact of Financial Development on Bank Investment in Iraq
Authors: Ghanem Yahya * Yasser , Saleh Salman Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Theoretically, the literature indicates that financial development has a positive effect on investment. therefore this study aim to determine the impact of the financial development on investment banking in iraq, during the semi-annual period (2005-2021) using autoregressive distributed lag (ardl), and using the toda yamamoto causal test, the result of the bound test (ardl) showed a long-term cointegration relationship between variables , the model showed that the financial depth positively affect the investment banks against the negative effect of the long-term financial stability index, while toda yamamoto causal test showed that there is no causal relationship between financial development and investment banking.
The Impact of The Sovereign Credit Rating on The Possibility of Financing External Loans to The Iraqi Economy
Authors: Muayad Mahmood * Zinah , Mohamed Ali Abdul-Latif Al-Ani Emad
Published: July 2024

External loans are a source of credit revenue. The process of obtaining it requires determining the degree of credit risk by predicting the financial solvency of the economy to judge its financial ability to pay the principal and interest dues of the loan at the specified maturity date. Considering that ability is a determinant of the creditworthiness of his economy, the extent to which financing can continue with this external credit source and its cost. The government of Iraq faced the difficulty of financing external loans from the international capital markets with its high return due to the lack of a sovereign credit rating that measures the risk of default through a process to determine the degree of that risk for investors of external lending funds. Therefore, the research came to show the effect of determining the sovereign credit rating on the extent to which the Government of Iraq can finance foreign loans, whether from capital markets or foreign governments and the impact of this classification on the credit facilities granted. The research concluded that the economy of Iraq got a sovereign credit rating within the degree of creditworthiness according to the classification of speculation to reflect the possibility of default in payment due to the dependence of the financial solvency of its economy on oil revenues, as the credit risks rise due to the inability to pay in the event of a decline in prices in the foreign market. However, relative stability within the short term enabled the Iraqi government to obtain foreign loans, with the requirement that Iraq provide guarantees by foreign governments and institutions in exchange for this source of credit.
The use of the (Tobit) Model in Studying the Variables affecting the Increase in the Number of People with Systolic Hypertension, in the Presence of the problem of Heterogeneity of Random Error Variance
Authors: Hasan Dari Mustafa , Ismael AbdulWahhab Baydaa
Published: July 2024

The process of regression analysis is based on a number of basic assumptions, and if one of these assumptions is not available, this will lead to obtaining inaccurate results, and the most of these assumptions is homoscedasticity, violating this assumption causes a problem of heteroscedasticity of the random error variance the, which may come from different variances This cause to misleading and inaccurate decisions.
      Recently Econometric models received attention, especially limited regression models, which contain specific response variables and several repeated observations within a certain range, including Tobit models and also considered imitations of the Censored Regression Model. Problem arise when it appears in the data heteroscedasticity, which makes methods of estimating the parameters of the linear regression model giving incorrect and inaccurate results, hence we get Biased parameters that do not have minimalist variance, as well as getting an unreliable p-value.
      The objective of this research is to study the estimation of the multiple standard (TOBIT) model which features that the variable (Y) specific variant. In heteroscedasticity, which both likelihood function method weighted and Genetic Algorithm   was used in simulation.
       To sum up, the results showed, that Genetic algorithm better outcomes than weighted likelihood function method therefore, it was used in the practical application.
Measuring The Level Of Strategic Thinking: An Analytical Research In The National Security Advisory
Authors: Muhammad Yahya Shamakhi*  , Mahdi Saleh Khalid
Published: July 2024

The current research derives its significance from its focus on the vital subject of strategic thinking. This topic has attracted the attention of researchers and managers alike, as well as the importance of the researched organization, the National Security Advisory, due to its strategic role in maintaining the country's security and stability. The research problem arises from neglecting the role of strategic thinking in the organization's success. The research aims to identify the level of incorporation of strategic thinking within the National Security Adviser, across its four dimensions. The research included a sample of (90) employees at all administrative levels in the National Security Advisory in a narrative analytical mythology.  The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information related to the respondents, and a number of statistical methods were used to obtain results through the SPSS program. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the disparity in the embodiment levels of strategic thinking in the researched organization, as systems thinking came at the first level, followed by thinking in time, then intentional thinking and finally opportunistic thinking.
The Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Sustainable Competitive Advantage Mediator Brand Citizenship Behavior: An Analytical Study in a Sample of Iraqi Banks
Authors: Sabah alchalabi Alzahraa , Hammood Chitheer Saadoon
Published: July 2024

The research aims to study the impact of customer relationship management on sustainable competitive advantage through brand Citizenship Behavior in a sample of Iraqi banks. The main problem of the research is summarized in the following questions: "have bank leaderships been able to employ customer relationship management in achieving sustainable competitive advantage? And have they been able to maximize this impact through the mediating role of brand Citizenship Behavior?" The comprehensive survey method was used to collect data, given the importance of the banking sector, both government and private banks in Baghdad were chosen as the focus of this study. Commercial and Islamic banks were considered for examination, and the researcher conducted field visits to six banks, including Rafidain Bank, Trade Bank of Iraq, Alnahrain Islamic Bank, Al Taif Islamic Bank, Iraqi Middle East Investment Bank, National Bank of Iraq. The research sample comprised 212 employees from these banks. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using appropriate statistical tools with the help of (SPSS and AMOS) software. The results revealed a significant impact of customer relationship management on sustainable competitive advantage through the mediating role of brand Citizenship Behavior.
Defining peripeteia. The theoretical disentanglement of Möbius Strip
Authors: Kolliopoulou Eleni
Published: July 2024

This article draws from the Japanese phenomenological approach (Kyoto School, particularly Kitaro Nishida and Watsuji Tetsurō) concerning the embodied experience of time-space. It unravels crucial concepts behind Möbius Strip, a mixed-media performance along the way with a particular focus on peripeteia. Having been triggered by the current warfare in Ukraine, Möbius Strip deals with the phenomenon of war.
The aim of this article is to disentangle the meaning of peripeteia as a term in a concrete fashion by identifying its role and impact in the dramaturgy of Möbius Strip. The term is further circumscribed under a comparative point of view, which narrates peripeteia as a term that is primarily encountered in Ancient Greek tragedy and unravels its connection with cognate terms from Asian tradition.
Impact of tumultuous economic periods on investments made by joint-stock companies included in the WIG-ESG index
Authors: Ejsmont Aneta , Grzywacz Jacek
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to assess the role of ESG assumptions in dealing with complex crises that are both economic and financial in nature. The research problem is excessive fluctuations in the quotations of the WIG-ESG index, which includes listed companies characterized by adherence to the principles of socially responsible business. An attempt will be made to verify the research hypothesis, which assumes a positive impact of selected stock market indicators on the stabilization of quotations of the analyzed index. The research method will be the estimation of an econometric model built from dependent variable Y describing changes in the quotations of the WIG-ESG index and six independent variables describing selected stock market indicators exerting a greater or lesser influence on the changes in the quotations included in the monthly time interval in the research period January 2014–November 2023. It is concluded that the relationship between stock market capitalization and the value of equity estimated at the end of the last quarter is the basis for stabilizing the quotations of the index.
Zjawisko i przegląd trendów handlu elektronicznego w dobie personalizacji i mobilności
Authors: Łysoń Tomasz
Published: July 2024

W artykule scharakteryzowano zjawisko e-commerce i dominujące w nim trendy w dobie personalizacji i komunikacji mobilnej. Wykorzystano w tym celu metodę badań pośrednich (tzw. desk research). W pierwszej części opracowania przedstawiono historię handlu elektronicznego i mobilnego. Zestawienie tych faktów pozwoliło zauważyć silną korelację między rozwojem społeczeństwa informacyjnego a e-handlem. W dalszej części artykułu wskazano bariery, kierunki i szanse w rozwoju e-commerce oraz m-commerce, które stały się punktem wyjścia do przeglądu trendów dominujących w tej gałęzi gospodarki. Istotnym wątkiem w niniejszym artykule są rozważania nad miejscem seniorów w e-handlu. Całość wieńczy podsumowanie z wnioskami ukazującymi potencjalne kierunki dalszych badań i obserwacji, w tym m.in. kwestie związane z gromadzeniem danych użytkowników oraz wpływem technologii mobilnych na życie współczesnego człowieka.
Zielone kompetencje jako element koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Ziółkowska Marta
Published: July 2024

W artykule przestawiono istotę i znaczenie zielonych kompetencji pracowników w przedsiębiorstwach w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. Dokonano przeglądu definicyjnego i znaczeniowego pojęć związanych z zielonymi miejscami pracy wyróżniając istotne kategorie zawodów. Zaprezentowano klasyfikację branżową zielonych umiejętności, a także przeanalizowano dane zastane odnoszące się do zapotrzebowania na zielone miejsca pracy w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. We wnioskach wskazano na najistotniejsze kompetencje w odniesieniu do zrównoważonego rozwoju i wskazano, iż zielone miejsca pracy będą wymagały połączenia umiejętności miękkich i technicznych, a także kompetencji przekrojowych pracowników przedsiębiorstw.
Strategiczna orientacja na odpowiedzialność społeczną i środowiskową. Wyniki badań empirycznych
Authors: Mierzejewska Wioletta , Gregorczyk Sylwester
Published: July 2024

Fundamentalne dla przyszłości przedsiębiorstwa zagadnienia znajdują odbicie w oficjalnych dokumentach strategicznych – misji i strategii. Celem artykułu jest określenie stopnia orientacji strategicznej na aspekty odpowiedzialności społecznej i środowiskowej badanych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce, poprzez pomiar tych zagadnień w strategii i misji przedsiębiorstwa. Autorzy analizując 648 przedsiębiorstwa, stwierdzają, że badane podmioty cechuje średni poziom dojrzałości w strategicznym orientowaniu się na aspekty społeczne i środowiskowe. Tylko przynależność do grupy kapitałowej skutkuje większą dojrzałością strategiczną we wdrażaniu aspektów społecznych i środowiskowych.
Ukrainian Food System on the Way to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Prerequisites and Modern Challenges
Authors: Bokiy Olena ,   Food Resources Institute of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalenko Olha ,   Food Resources Institute of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The Global Sustainable Development Goals, announced by the UN General Assembly in 2015, today serve as a guideline for developing the national economy of Ukraine and its food system. The unprecedented challenges of the new millennium – the pandemic and the military aggression of the Russian Federation – distanced Ukraine from their implementation. In this regard, the article aims to reveal the prerequisites for the development of the food system and identify today's challenges to determine the most effective and efficient directions for solving problems and means of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The research uses the following methods: systemic generalization – to systematize the risks and challenges of the food system in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; method of comparisons and dynamic method – to assess the state of production and consumption; regression equations – to determine the forecast indicators of individual indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals and possible changes in food consumption volumes in the future. The content of the concept of sustainability and sustainable development of the food system was defined. Prerequisites for the sustainable development of the food system were identified, particularly Ukraine's leadership in food exports, the existing potential of land, and the growth of food production and consumption. The work assessed food production indices during periods of crisis, such as during a pandemic and martial law. A functional diagram of the food system's prerequisites and challenges for sustainable development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals has been developed. An analysis of the dynamics of individual SDG indicators and trends in their development was carried out. Indicators of sufficiency of consumption of basic food products by recommended consumption standards are analyzed. The results of the study show that despite the unprecedented challenges, the food system of Ukraine is gradually adapting to modern conditions, restoring the economy and strengthening food security in the regions of Ukraine; humanitarian, economic, and economic ties are being established.
Reforming of the Object of Income Tax: A Retrospective Analysis of the Legal Framework
Authors: Kovtseniuk Hanna ,   Chernivtsi Cooperative Professional College of Economy and Law, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

Stability and reasonableness in calculating the object of income tax, on which the filling of the country's budget significantly depends, are important factors for developing a business and the national economy. The article's purpose is a retrospective analysis of the legal framework of the method for determining the object of income tax in the context of the duality of its nature as an accounting and financial category. The results of such an analysis form the basis for determining further ways to improve the income tax accounting method. The legislative changes that formed and supplemented the functioning mechanism of the income tax during the Soviet era were revealed. The article assesses in detail the steps taken by the government of independent Ukraine to update the legislative framework on income tax and bring it into line with the requirements of the market environment. An analysis of the evolution of the object of taxation, expansion of the list of taxpayers, and changes in benefits for paying income tax was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, a periodization of the stages of the development of the legal framework for income tax was developed, which consists of seven periods: the formation of income tax in various forms; initiation of the methodology for determining the object of income tax; development of the Ukrainian system of corporate income taxation; improvement of the methodology of the tax base and the collection and control mechanism; the occurrence of tax accounting to determine the tax object; reforming the Ukrainian tax system; integration of accounting and tax accounting. The study results show that during the entire period of development of the income tax system, there was no single strategy for reforming the method of determining the object of tax. The development and adoption of such a plan could improve the quality of the income tax system by ensuring greater efficiency, simplifying procedures and stimulating business development.
Assessment of soil fertility in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) cultivated land and nutritive value of its plant parts
Authors: Rumanuzzaman K , Hossain M E , Syed M , Rahman M H , Rakibuzzaman M , Rahman M K
Published: July 2024

The samples of soil, leaves, and shoots of jute were collected from twenty spots of jute (variety BJRI-Tossa-8) fields from different locations in the Narail district of Bangladesh under AEZ-12 during the year 2022. The study intended to evaluate the soil’s physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations in jute leaves and shoots of 120 days old plants (at the harvesting time of the plant). The soil pH was neutral to slightly alkaline (6.6 to 7.4), with organic matter content from 1.03 to 1.71%. Electrical conductivity was found non-saline which was 40 to 150 μS/cm at 0 to 15 cm depth. The dominant soil textural class was clay. The total N, P, and S in soils were found to be 0.21 to 0.31%, 0.027 to 0.0283% and 0.0002 to 0.0023%, respectively and available N, P, and S were found to be 0.0058 to 0.0087%, 0.0007 to 0.0018%, and 0.0001 to 0.0006%. The nutritional values of N, P, and S in leaves ranged from 3.00 to 11.75%, 0.2281 to 0.5627%, and 0.0056 to 0.0197%, respectively. The total N, P, and S concentrations in the shoots were 0.17 to 5.07%, 0.0012 to 0.2935%, and 0.0002 to 0.0011%, respectively. The study indicated that jute leaves are enriched in nutrition and may be a good source of nourishment for human health.  This research also illustrated that the jute field had low to medium fertility soil status. It is suggested that the farmers of AEZ-12 should follow the fertilizer recommendation doses in jute cultivation for higher fiber yield and allow sufficient decomposition of jute roots and debris to sustain succeeding crop production and soil fertility. The study has given new information and guidelines for the researcher for future investigation.
Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2024, 10(1): 35-44
Efektivitas Pupuk Organik Cair Jerami Padi dan Kotoran Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brasicca juncea L.)
Authors: Nastiti Anisa Rizki , Asngad Aminah
Published: July 2024

The mustard plant (Brassica juncea L.) is loved by everyone because it has lots of nutrients and is also good for health. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and cow dung on the growth of mustard greens. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (P₁ = 10 ml and P₂ = 13 ml) and the time of application of liquid organic fertilizer (W₁ = once every 5 days and W₂ = once every 7 days).  The results of research on liquid organic fertilizer from rice straw and cow dung can effectively accelerate growth in height, number of leaves and wet weight in mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The growth of mustard greens was very good in the P₂W₁ treatment (13 ml dose every 5 days) which produced mustard plants with an average height of 35.1 cm, an average number of leaves of 17.3, and an average fresh weight of mustard greens. average 165.3 grams.