bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C Light and a High-Level Disinfection Cabinet for Decontamination of N95 Respirators
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Li Daniel , Redmond Sarah N. , John Amrita R. , Pearlmutter Basya , Donskey Curtis
Published: May 2020

Background-Shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 filtering facepiece respirators is an urgent concern in the setting of the global COVID-19 pandemic.  Decontamination of PPE could be useful to maintain adequate supplies, but there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of decontamination technologies.Methods-A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method (ASTM E-2197-11) was used to examine the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light, a high-level disinfection cabinet that generates aerosolized peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and dry heat at 70°C for 30 minutes for decontamination of bacteriophages Phi6 and MS2 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inoculated onto 3 commercial N95 respirators.  Three and 6 log10 reductions on N95 respirators were considered effective for decontamination and disinfection, respectively. Results-UV-C administered as a 1-minute cycle in a UV-C box or a 30-minute cycle by a room decontamination device reduced contamination but did not meet criteria for decontamination of the viruses from all sites for any of the N95s.  The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of all the organisms from the N95s and achieved disinfection with 3 disinfection cycles over ~60 minutes.  Dry heat at 70°C for 30 minutes was not effective for decontamination of the bacteriophages.  Conclusions-UV-C could be useful to reduce contamination on N95 respirators.  However, the UV-C technologies studied did not meet our criteria for decontamination under the test conditions used.  The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of N95s and met criteria for disinfection with multiple cycles.
Analisis Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice (KAP) terhadap Manajemen Keuangan Masjid di D.I.Yogyakarta
Authors: Hanifah Iffah Nur , Yuri Anisa , Wahyudi Rofiul , Rifan Akhmad Arif
Published: May 2020

Abstract—The financial management of a mosque's finances is important to study, considering that a functioning mosque is not only a center of worship. However, more than that about how to prosper pilgrims. This study aims to analyze the mosque's financial management using the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) approach in D.I. Yogyakarta. Two main issues that were focused were: KAP of the mosque management regarding zakat fitrah and zakat mal. This study used 20 samples mosque in D.I. Yogyakarta. Then analyzed using independent sample t-test. The study's findings that there was no significant difference between KAP KAP zakat fitrah and zakat mal. Generally in local mosques D.I.Yogyakarta know about zakat fitrah and zakat mal. However, the management of mosques in an effort to improve the management of zakat is still limited.
Keywords: KAP, Mosque Financial Management, Zakat Fitrah, Zakat Mal
Abstrak—Manajemen keuangan keuangan masjid penting untuk dikaji, mengingat masjid berfungis tidak hanya sebagai pusat beribadah. Namun, lebih dari itu tentang bagaimana memakmurkan jamaah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manajemen keuangan masjid menggunakan pendekatan knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) di D.I. Yogyakarta. Dua isu utama yang difokuskan adalah: KAP para pengurus masjid tentang zakat fitrah dan zakat mal. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 20 masjid di D.I. Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t-test. Temuan penelitian ini bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang siginifikan antara KAP zakat fitrah dan KAP zakat mal. Secara umum pengurus masjid di D.I.Yogyakarta mengetahui tentang zakat fitrah dan zakat mal. Namun, manajemen masjid dalam upaya meningkatkan pengelolaan zakat masih terbatas.
Kata kunci : KAP, Manajemen keuangan masjid, zakat fitrah, zakat mal
KETIMPANGAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI REGIONAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Madina Mutia , M Muzdalifah
Published: May 2020

Abstrack- This research was conducted to (1) Know the economic development in  Kalimantan region from 2011 to 2018; (2) Analyze the effect of regional share, proportional shift, and competitive shift on inequality in economic development. The data analysis technique used are: the first, Klassen typology analysis as a descriptive approach, and the second, the panel data regression analysis with random effect model estimation as a quantitative research approach. This research uses secondary data. Klassen's typological analysis showed the results that not all the provinces have positive growth every year. The analysis of panel data regression showed the results that the regional share and the competitive shift do not affect the development disparities which occurred in Kalimantan. Meanwhile, the proportional shifts affect the imbalance of development which occurred in Kalimantan region.
Keywords: Economic Development Inequality, Klassen Typology, Regional Share, Proportional Shift, Competitive Shift.
Abstrak- Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk (1) Mengetahui perkembangan perekonomian region kalimantan mulai tahun 2011 sampai 2018; (2) Menganalisis pengaruh regional share, proportional shift, dan competitive shift terhadap ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi.Teknik analisa data yang digunakan yaitu pertama analisis tipologi klassen sebagai pendekatan deskriptif dan yang kedua yaitu analisis regresi data panel dengan estimasi random effect model sebagai pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder.Analisis tipologi klassen menunjukkan hasil bahwa tidak semua provinsi memiliki pertumbuhan positif setiap tahunnya. Analisis regresi data panel menunjukkan hasil bahwa regional share dan competitive shift tidak mempengaruhi ketimpangan pembangunan yang terjadi di regional Kalimantan. Sedangkan proportional shift mempengaruhi ketimpangan pembangunan yang terjadi di regional Kalimantan.
Kata kunci : Ketimpangan Pembangunan Ekonomi, Tipologi Klassen, Regional Share, Proportional Shift, Competitive Shift.
Analisi Pengaruh Struktur Modal Terhadap Pendapatan Perusahaan Pada PT Bank BNI Syari’ah, Tbk
Authors: I Iriani , Muniarty Puji
Published: May 2020

Abstract - Export is an important component in the economy of the country. The higher the country's export performance, the greater positive effect in increasing of economic growth. From 2012 to 2016, Indonesia's exports continued to decline. Considering these conditions, Indonesia needs to make a strategic effort to increase its export performance, of course. One of the efforts which can be done is conducting export development. As an agricultural country, one of potential commodities used to increase exports is cinnamon. This research will analyze the cinnamon export markets which are potentially to be developed. Moreover, this research will find out the factors that influence the export of these commodities. The methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity. The result of analysis shows that cinnamon has optimistic markets to be developed in Malaysia, Canada, Netherlands, Brazil, the United States of America, and The Republic of Dominican. Meanwhile, the potential markets to be developed are the United Arab Emirates, Germany and Algeria. The factors affecting exports are gross national product per capita, population, export prices and economic distance.
 Keywords: EPD, Cinnamon, Gravity Model, Export Development, RCA
Abstrak – Bank merupakan suatu lembaga keuangan, untuk melakukan operasinya bank perlu menyediakan modal yang banyak agar tidak berada pada kesulitan keuangan. Maka penulis melihat tidak konstanya struktur modal perbankan dalam menghadapi kerugian. Resiko perbankan dapat terlihat dari tidak optimalnya dalam pengelolaan struktur modal dan pendapatannya. Adapun tujuan penelitian untuk menganalsis pengaruh struktur modal terhadap pendapatan PT Bank BNI Syari’ah, Tbk. Populasi penelitian yaitu 2009-2018 dengan jumlah sampel 7 tahun periode tahun 2012-2018. Jenis penelitian termasuk asosiatif dengan analisa regresi, koefisien korelasi dengan metode kuadrat terkecil. Kesimpulan Penelitian struktur modal tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap pendapatan pada PT. Bank BNI Syari’ah, Tbk.
Kata Kunci : Struktur Modal, Pendapatan, Bank Syariah
UTILIZING DIGITAL MEDIA IN EFL CLASSROOM: PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS TEACHING PRACTICE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mardiana Wiwik
Published: May 2020

The emergence of digital media in this decade becomes a trend in teaching English since millennial generations are considered as active users of technology. For this reason, this study aims at investigating the pre-service teachers’ perspective toward the use of digital media in EFL classrooms based on their teaching practice experience. The participants were twenty students of Universitas Islam Majapahit who did a school-based field study program. The researcher gained the data through an opened-ended questionnaire and analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that digital media is beneficial for both the pre-service teachers and the students. The pre-service teachers' view on the influence of digital media on students’ attitudes and proficiency and the pre-service teachers’ obstacles is further discussed.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE PAIR CHECK DENGAN TIPE THINK PAIR SQUARE DI SMA
Authors: Arianti Nurul Huda , Annur Syubhan , Mastuang Mastuang
Published: May 2020

Student learning outcomes is still less than optimal or unsatisfactory, it can be known through the data replication midterm class XI IPA at SMAN 9 Banjarmasin. This happens because the learning methods and models used by teachers based on observations during the learning tend to be monotonous and less engaging students, so that students are less enthusiastic and less active in the following study. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning model Pair Check with the type of Think Pair Square in class XI SMA Negeri 9 Banjarmasin. This type of research used in this research is quantitative quasi-experimental research design. This study population is all students in grade XI IPA at SMAN 9 Banjarmasin. Samples were taken using cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques are techniques achievement test and documentation. The results showed that there are differences in learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning model Pair Check with the type of Think Pair Square in class XI SMA Negeri 9 Banjarmasin.
MOTIVASI PASANGAN USIA SUBUR (PUS) MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) DI KECAMATAN MARTAPURA KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Lestari Siti Zakaria , Arisanty Deasy , Normelani Ellyn
Published: May 2020

This research entitled, “entitled Motivation spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTCM ) in the district of South Kalimantan MartapuraBanjar district” . This study aimed to use the EFA motivation Long -term contraception method ( LTM ) in District MartapuraBanjar district . The population in this study are spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Participants KB active totaling 2,149 inhabitants in the district Martapura using the technique of taking random ie all spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) District of Martapura the planning participants active equal opportunities to be selected into the sample with a view on the tables Isaac and Michale obtained MartapuraSubdistrict samples totaling 327 respondents. The method used diskriftif with quantitative approach . Data collection techniques are primary data obtained from questionnaires , while secondary data obtained from the study of documents and studies pustak . Sampling was conducted using sampling techniques probality . Data analysis technique used is the percentage and scoring techniques . The description and analysis of the data described can be interpreted as motivational couples of childbearing age use a long-term contraceptive methods in District MartapuraBanjar district can be said to be high . The results showed motivation is an impulse that drives a person to behave , distribute and berintraksi to the situation. Motivation spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) MartapuraSubdistrict Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTM ) . Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation that affects spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTM ) m ie Age / age , level of knowledge , level of education . Extrinsic motivation that affects spouses of fertile age ( PUS ) Using Long Term Contraception Method ( LTM ) is the level of employment .
ANALISIS POTENSI WILAYAH BERBASIS PENGEMBANGAN SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN KOTABARU
Authors: Fauzan Ginanjar Ilham , Kumalawati Rosalina , Adyatma Sidharta
Published: May 2020

Potensi perikanan merupakan seluruh unsur pada sektor perikanan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai kekuatan dalam menyediakan kebutuhan  manusia. Sektor perikanan basis dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam pembangunan daerah perikanan di Kabupaten Kotabaru. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kecamatan di Kabupaten Kotabaru yang berjumah 21. Data sekunder adalah data yang diperoleh dari dokumen dan data yang telah tersedia pada buku mengenai perikanan di Kabupaten Kotabaru. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan utuk mengkaji sektor basis dan non basis pada sektor perikanan di Kabupaten Kotabaru dan  memetakan daerah perikanan basis dan non basis di Kabupaten Kotabaru. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini potensi perikanan tangkap laut basis di Kabupaten Kotabaru berjumlah 6 daerah kecamatan, dan 15 daerah kecamatan non basis. Pemetaan daerah basis ditandai dengan arsir warna hijau (Basis), kuning (Seimbang), dan biru (Non Basis). Potensi perikanan darat basis Kabupaten Kotabaru berjumlah 8 daerah kecamatan dan daerah non basis berjumlah 13 daerah kecamatan. Pemetaan daerah basis ditandai dengan arsir warna hijau (Basis), kuning (Seimbang), dan biru (Non Basis).
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEJAHTRAAN PETANI KARET DI KECAMATAN TEWEH TENGAH KABUPATEN BARITO UTARA
Authors: Indra Indra , Hastuti Karunia Puji , Arisanty Deasy
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini berjudul Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan petani karet Di Kecamatan Teweh Tengah Kabupaten Barito Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan petani karet di Kecamatan Teweh Tengah Kabupaten Barito Utara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3232 kepala keluarga dengan sampel 343 dihitung berdasarkan Tabel Krejcie dan morgan. Penentuan populasi dengan teknik propisional random sampling.Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan klasifikasi sistem gugur berdasarkan BKKBN (2013). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan petani karet yang termasuk dalam kategori pra sejahtera sebanyak 124 responden atau 36,15% dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani karet dalam kategori sejahtera 1 sebanyak 186 responden atau 54,23% dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani karet untuk kategori sejahtera sebanyak 33 responden atau 9,62%. Tingkat kesejahteraan penduduk di Kecamatan Teweh Tengah sebagian besar atau 63,85% masuk dalam kategori Sejahtera.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Adyatma Sidharta , Kumalawati Rosalina
Published: May 2020

Ketahanan pangan merupakan kondisi terpenuhinya pangan yang mencakup  aspek ketersediaan pangan, akses pangan, dan pemanfaatan pangan untuk mewujudkan mayarakat yang berkualitas. Peta ketahanan dan kerentanan pangan atau Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas  (FSVA) 2015 yang dihasilkan oleh Sekretariat Dewan Ketahanan Pangan menyatakan bahwa Kabupaten Banjar berstatus sedang (agak rawan pangan) prioritas 4. Kondisi agak rawan pangan menunujukkan bahwa Kabuapten Banjar menghadapi ancaman rawan pangan berdasarkan aspek ketahanan pangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode analisis data sekunder. Metode analisis data sekunder terdiri atas metode pengumpulan data, metode pengolahan data, dan metode analisis data yang meliputi analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan pangan di 19 Kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Banjar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan bervariasi terhadap sembilan indikator ketahanan pangan yang digunakan. Variasi tingkat ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Banjar terbagi menjadi empat tingkatan, yaitu prioritas 2,  prioritas 4, prioritas 5, dan prioritas 6. Prioritas 2 terdapat satu  Kecamatan, prioritas 4 terdapat 4 Kecamatan, prioritas 5 terdapat 13 Kecamatan, dan Prioritas 6 terdapat satu Kecamatan.
ANALISIS INTERAKSI DESA DAN KOTA YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEGIATAN PEREKONOMIAN DESA SUCI KECAMATAN PANTI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Wahida Iqni'a Fajril
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh interaksi desa dan kota terhadap kegiatan perekonomian di desa Suci kecamatan Panti kabupaten Jember. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data yang dilaukan yaitu dengan teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa interaksi desa dan kota berpengaruh terhadap ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat sekitar desa Suci kecamatan Panti dengan melakukan pengembangan desa wisata. Faktanya dengan adanya sektor wisata di desa Suci sangat membantu perekonomian masyarakat sekitar dengan berjualan di areal wisata. Dalam penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa dampak ekonomi terhadap masyarakat sekitar dengan adanya perusahaan perkebunan karet dan kopi menciptakan kesempatan kerja bagi masyarakat untuk bekerja sebagai petani atau buruh tani di perusahaan tersebut sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi penghasilan masyarakat desa Suci kecamatan Panti.Kata Kunci : ekonomi, pembangunan, wisata
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) GURU SMA NEGERI DI KECAMATAN BANJARMASIN UTARA
Authors: Puspita Rina , Adyatma Sidharta , Arisanty Deasy
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) guru SMA Negeri di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri yang berada di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara yaitu SMA Negeri 5 Banjarmasin, SMA Negeri 8 Banjarmasin, SMA Negeri 11 Banjarmasin, dan SMA Negeri 12 Banjarmasin. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru bersertifikasi di SMA Negeri Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel penuh yang berjumlah 123 orang. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu guru telah mengimplementasi TIK dalam pembelajaran termasuk kategori tinggi yaitu 84,4%. TIK dalam pembelajaran antara lain mulai dari persiapan rancangan pembelajaran, media, model pembelajaran, evaluasi pembelajaran sampai pengisian raport. Implementasi TIK dalam aspek komunikasi yaitu guru berkomunikasi dengan siswa, orang tua siswa, sesama guru, komite sekolah dan warga sekitar lingkungan sekolah termasuk kategori rendah yaitu 62,5% . Penyebab hal tersebut adalah guru yang jarang bersosialisasis dengan komite sekolah, lingkungan sekolah, siswa dan orang tua siswa.Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Teknologi Infomasi dan Komunikasi (TIK)
Penerapan Model Gallery Walk Dalam Pembelajaran Geografi Di SMA Negeri 6 Banjarmasin
Authors: Nurhamidah Siti
Published: May 2020

Guru sesuai dengan tugas pokoknya, mampu merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan melakukan penilaian terhadap proses pembelajaran di kelas. Guru diharapkan melakukan proses pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan  kurikulum  yang berlaku. Kurikulum 2013 yang dikembangkan menghendaki pengembangan kompetensi pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan peserta didik. Strategi guru untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran geografi dengan menggunakan model Gallery Walk. Model Gallery Walk mampu mengeksplor dan melatih kecakapan abad 21 peserta didik. Penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik membuat peta penggunaan lahan. Pesertadidik  yang  menjadi  subjek  penelitian  kelas  XII  IPS  di  SMAN  6 Banjarmasin. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan berupa kuantitatif dan kualitatif tentang keterampilan peserta didik membuat peta penggunaan lahan. Hasil yang dicapai, model  Gallery  Walk efektif meningkatkan keaktifan  peserta  didik  kelas  XII  IPS  mata  pelajaran  geografi. Peserta didik lebih aktif dalam mengajukan pertanyaan, mengkomunikasikan hasil karya peserta didik dan menyampaikan pengetahuan dari satu peserta didik ke peserta didik yang lain. Berdasarkan hasil observasi langsung kegiatan pameran dan instrumen angket. Selain itu, mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam ranah kognitif.  Hasil ulangan harian menunjukkan  nilai  rata-rata  kelas  meningkat  dari   67,94  pada menjadi 81,71.
Cinquante années d’amélioration génétique du porc en France : bilan et perspectives
Authors: BIDANEL Jean-Pierre , SILALAHI Parsaoran , TRIBOUT Thierry , CANARIO Laurianne , DUCOS Alain , GARREAU Hervé , GILBERT Hélène , LARZUL Catherine , MILAN Denis , RIQUET Juliette , SCHWOB Sandrine , MERCAT Marie-José , HASSENFRATZ Claire , BOUQUET Alain , BAZIN Christophe , BIDANEL Joel
Published: May 2020

Cette synthèse fait le point sur les principales évolutions de l’amélioration génétique du porc en France depuis la loi sur l’élevage de 1966. Elle évoque rapidement les 20 premières années, qui ont fait l’objet d’une synthèse en 1986, puis décrit plus en détail les évolutions ultérieures. Les objectifs de sélection, initialement limités aux caractères de production, se sont complexifiés avec la prise en compte de la qualité de la viande, puis de la prolificité et enfin des aptitudes maternelles des truies. La mise en place d’une évaluation génétique utilisant la méthodologie du « BLUP - modèle animal » au milieu des années 1990 et le développement de l’insémination artificielle ont profondément changé le travail des sélectionneurs. Une nouvelle évolution majeure, la sélection génomique, a récemment été mise en place. La sélection a conduit à des améliorations importantes des performances pour les principaux caractères de l’objectif de sélection depuis 1970 : plus de 200 g de gain moyen quotidien, plus de 0,5 point d’indice de consommation, plus de 12 points de taux de viande maigre dans la carcasse, jusqu’à près de six porcelets nés vifs par portée supplémentaires. Ces évolutions favorables ont réduit l’empreinte environnementale de la production, mais ont également eu des effets défavorables : une augmentation la mortalité des porcelets avant sevrage et une plus grande hétérogénéité des performances. Les enjeux pour l’avenir en termes d’objectifs d’amélioration génétique (prise en compte de caractères liés au bien-être, à la robustesse et à l’adaptation…), de méthodes et d’outils sont ensuite discutés.
Le phosphore dans les systèmes d'élevage
Authors: DOURMAD Jean-Yves , BOUDON Anne , NARCY Agnès
Published: May 2020

Le phosphore en agriculture constitue à la fois une ressource limitée et une source potentielle de pollution lorsqu'il est utilisé en excès comme fertilisant. Les systèmes d'élevages jouent un rôle particulièrement important dans les flux de phosphore, les déjections animales contribuant à l'échelle nationale à près de la moitié des apports sur les sols, avec une forte variabilité selon les régions. Les produits animaux contribuent aussi largement à la couverture des besoins pour l'alimentation humaine en apportant près de 60 % du phosphore total de la ration moyenne des Français. L'efficacité de rétention du phosphore par les animaux est très variable selon les espèces. La plus élevée est obtenue chez le poulet standard, suivi du porc, du poulet label rouge et de la vache laitière, les poules pondeuses et les vaches allaitantes présentant des efficacités plus faibles. Toutefois, à l'échelle du système de production, les pressions en phosphore organique sont plus faibles pour les élevages de ruminants qui disposent de plus de surface d'épandage. Ces dernières années l'amélioration des connaissances des besoins et de l'utilisation digestive du phosphore ont permis de réduire fortement les apports en phosphore et les rejets, avec pour les animaux monogastriques l'effet additionnel de l'utilisation de phytases. Les pertes de phosphore vers l'environnement étant limitées, comparativement aux pertes d'azote, il est théoriquement possible d'atteindre des valeurs très élevées d'efficacité d'utilisation du phosphore dans les systèmes agricoles, mais ceci nécessite un parfait recyclage du phosphore des déjections animales et de celui des coproduits animaux.
The analysis of college students difficulty in acquiring static fluid concept
Authors: Diyana Tsania Nur , Sutopo Sutopo , Haryoto Dwi
Published: May 2020

This research aimed at analyzing the difficulties experienced by college students in acquiring Static Fluid concept. This research employed descriptive quantitative procedure and involved 48 college students of Physics Education Department. The instrument of this research was 13 items of reasoned-multiple choices test. According to the results, although there was an improvement, most college students were difficult to understand certain concepts. This research revelaed some difficulties experienced by students on certain concept. The difficulties experienced by students are as follows: students failed to portray the forces that worked on certain object and as a result, they failed to determine the ratio of pressure. In addition, the students were difficult to determine the changing of water pressure on the closed vessel based on major concept of hydrostatics and Pascal’s Law.
Radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with lung oligometastases
Authors: Kalinauskaite Goda , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Kufeld Marcus , Kluge Anne Kathrin , Grün Arne , Budach Volker , Senger Carolin , Stromberger Carmen
Published: May 2020

Background: Patients with oligometastatic disease can potentially be cured by using an ablative therapy for all active lesions. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a non-invasive treatment option that lately proved to be as effective and safe as surgery in treating lung metastases (LM). However, it is not clear which patients benefit most and what are the most suitable fractionation regimens. The aim of this study was to analyze treatment outcomes after single fraction radiosurgery (SFRS) and fractionated SBRT (fSBRT) in patients with lung oligometastases and identify prognostic clinical features for better survival outcomes. Methods: Fifty-two patients with 94 LM treated with SFRS or fSBRT between 2010 and 2016 were analyzed. The characteristics of primary tumor, LM, treatment, toxicity profiles and outcomes were assessed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used for estimation of local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival.Results: Ninety-four LM in 52 patients were treated using SFRS/fSBRT with a median of 2 lesions per patient (range: 1–5). The median planning target volume (PTV)-encompassing dose for SFRS was 24 Gy (range: 17-26) compared to 45 Gy (range: 20-60) in 2-12 fractions in fSBRT. The median follow-up time was 21 months (range: 3-68). LC rates at 1 and 2 years for SFSR vs. fSBRT were 89% and 83% vs. 75% and 59%, respectively (p=0.026). LM treated with SFSR were significantly smaller (p=0.001). The 1 and 2-year OS rates for all patients were 84% and 71%, respectively. In univariate analysis treatment with SFRS, an interval of ≥ 12 months between diagnosis of LM and treatment, non-colorectal cancer histology and BED <100 Gy were significantly associated with better LC. However, none of these parameters remained significant in the multivariate Cox regression model. OS was significantly better in patients with negative lymph nodes (N0), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >70% and time to first metastasis ≥12 months. There was no grade 3 acute or late toxicity. Conclusions: Longer time to first metastasis, good KPS and N0 predicted better OS. Good LC and low toxicity rates were achieved after short SBRT schedules.
Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the non-methylated lignin synthesis in Paphiopedilum armeniacum seed
Authors: Fang Lin , Xu Xin , Li Ji , Zheng Feng , Li Mingzhi , Yan Jingwei , Li Yuan , Zhang Xinhua , Li Lin , Ma Guohua , Zhang Aying , Lv Fubin , Wu Kunlin , Zeng Songjun
Published: May 2020

Backgrounds: Paphiopedilum is an important genus of orchid family (Orchidaceae) with high horticultural value. The wild populations are under the threat of extinction because of over collection and habitat destruction. Mature seeds of most Paphiopedilum species are difficult to germinate, which severely restricts the germplasm resources protection and commercial production. The germination inhibition factors are largely unknown.Results: In this study, we found large amounts of non-methylated lignin were accumulated during seed maturation of Paphiopedilum armeniacum (P. armeniacum), which negatively correlates with the germination rate. We then further compared the transcriptome profiles of P. armeniacum seed at different development stages to explore molecular clues for the non-methylated lignin synthesis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that a large number of genes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism as the seed maturation were differentially expressed. Several key genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathways displayed different expression patterns during the lignification process. PAL, 4CL, HCT and CSE were up-regulated to accelerate the C and H lignin accumulation. The expression of CCoAOMT, F5H and COMT were maintained at a low level or down-regulated to inhibit the conversion to the typical G and S lignin. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed the altered expression levels of these genes among seeds and vegetative tissues. Conclusions: This work demonstrated the plasticity of natural lignin polymer assembly in seed, and provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of seed-specific lignification process.
Novel mutations of the SRF gene in Chinese sporadic conotruncal heart defect patients
Authors: Mengmeng Xu , Yuejuan Xu , Sun Chen , Yanan Lu , Fen Li , Kun Sun
Published: May 2020

Background: Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are a group of congenital heart malformations that cause anomalies of cardiac outflow tracts. In the past few decades, many genes related to CTDs have been reported. Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that acts as transcription factor, and SRF was found to be a critical factor in heart development and to be strongly expressed in the myocardium of the developing mouse and chicken hearts. The targeted inactivation of SRF during heart development leads to embryonic lethality and myocardial defects in mice. Methods: To illustrate the relationship between SRF and human heart defects, we screened SRF mutations in 527 CTD patients, a cross sectional study. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood target sequencing. The mutations of SRF were detected and validated by Sanger sequencing. The affection of the mutations on wild-type protein was analyzed by in silico softwares. Western blot and real time PCR were used to analyze the changes of the expression of the mutant mRNA and protein. In addition, we carried out dual luciferase reporter assay to explore the transcriptional activity of the mutant SRF. Results: Among the target sequencing results of 527 patients, two novel mutations (Mut1: c.821A>G p.G274D , the adenine(A) was mutated to guanine(G) at position 821 of the SRF gene coding sequences (CDS), lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Asparticacid(D) at position 274 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences; Mut2: c.880G>T p.G294C , the guanine(G) was mutated to thymine (T) at position 880 of the SRF CDS, lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Cysteine (C) at position 294 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences.) of SRF (NM_003131.2) were identified. Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that there were no obvious differences between the protein expression and mRNA transcription of mutants and wild-type SRF. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that both SRF mutants (G274D and G294C) impaired SRF transcriptional activity at the SRF promoter and atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) promoter ( p <0.05), additionally, the mutants displayed reduced synergism with GATA4. Conclusion: These results suggest that SRF-p.G274D and SRF-p.G294C may have potential pathogenic effects.
Effect of Two Major Health Reforms on Health Care Cost and Utilization in Fars Province of Iran: Family Physician Program and Health Transformation Plan
Authors: Bayati Mohsen , Keshavarz Khosro , Lotfi Farhad , KebriaeeZadeh Abbas , Barati Omid , Zareian Shahram , Amiri Akbar , Delavari Sajad
Published: May 2020

Background: Family physician program (FPP) and health transformation plan (HTP) are two major reforms that have been implemented in Iran's health system in recent. The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of these two reforms on the level of service utilization and cost of health care services. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on people insured by social security organization in Fars province during 2009-2016. The data on the utilization of services and costs of general practitioner visits, specialist visits, medications, imaging, laboratory tests, and hospitalization were collected. Interrupted time series analysis was used to analyze the effect of the two mentioned reforms. Results: FPP resulted in a significant reduction in the number of specialist visits, imaging, and laboratory tests in the short term, and in the number of radiology services, laboratory tests, and hospitalization in the long term. In contrast, HTP significantly increased the utilization of radiology services and laboratory tests both in the short term and long term. Concerning the costs, FPP resulted in a reduction in costs in short and long term except general practitioners' and specialist visit, and medication in long term. However, HTP resulted in an increase in health care costs in both of the studied time periods. Conclusions: FPP has been successful in rationalizing the utilization of services. On the other hand, HTP has improved people’s access to services by increasing the utilization; but it has increased health care costs. Therefore, policymakers must adopt an agenda to revise and re-design the plan.
Radial peripapillary capillary density in superior segmental optic hypoplasia measured with OCT angiography.
Authors: Abe Maiko , Omodaka Kazuko , Kikawa Tsutomu , Nakazawa Toru
Published: May 2020

Background: To investigate the diagnostic power of radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), in patients with superior segmental optic hypoplasia (SSOH). Methods: Forty subjects with SSOH and 40 age- and axial length-matched control subjects were retrospectively registered for this study. SSOH was defined as intraocular pressure less than 21 mmHg with the presence of two of the following: superior rim thinning, superior entrance of the central retinal artery, scleral halo, and pale optic disc; as well as non-progressive visual field loss. RPC density was measured with swept-source OCT-A (Triton, Topcon) overall, in the quadrants, and in the 12 clock-wise sectors. Changes in RPC density were also compared in SSOH patients and age-matched patients with mild- or moderate-stage of glaucoma. RPC density was compared in pairs of groups with Welch’s t-test. Diagnostic power was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Results: Overall cpRNFLT was significantly different in the normal (106.7 ± 9.5 μm) and SSOH (77.2 ± 13.7 μm, p < 0.001) subjects. RPC density overall and in the superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants was significantly lower in the SSOH group (all, p < 0.001), but not in the temporal (p = 0.756) quadrant. The diagnostic power of RPC density was highest in the superior quadrant (AUC = 0.928) and the 1 o’clock sector (0.896). Comparing the SSOH and glaucoma patients showed that there were no significant differences in RPC density either overall (p=0.391) or in the superior quadrant (p = 0.268), while RPC density was significantly higher in the inferior (p = 0.005) and temporal quadrants (p < 0.001) and lower in the nasal quadrant (p = 0.029). Conclusions: Low RPC density was found in the three non-temporal quadrants of the optic nerve head in SSOH patients, in comparison to normal subjects. Regionally, RPC density in SSOH was lower in the nasal quadrant and higher in the inferior and temporal quadrants in comparison to glaucoma patients. Measuring RPC density with OCT-A may help the diagnosis of SSOH and may improve the management of glaucoma.
Assessing the determinants of Ebola Virus Disease Transmission in Baka Community of the Tropical Rainforest of Cameroon
Authors: Wirsiy Frankline Sevidzem , Bock Alphonse Um , Akoachere Jane-Francis Kihla Tatah
Published: May 2020

Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates caused by the Ebola virus. Treatment and vaccine are under development, hence prevention is paramount. Design of effective prevention interventions requires an understanding of the factors that expose communities at risk. It was based on this that we investigated the Baka community of Abong-Mbang Health District in tropical rain forest of Cameroon. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants randomly selected from 13 villages in Abong-Mbang by multi-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was administered to them to collect demographic information, data on knowledge of EVD, their feeding and health-seeking behaviour. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test. Knowledge of EVD was assessed using an 8 item Morisky Scale. An adapted Threat Capability Basic Risk Assessment Guide was used to determine their risk of exposure to infection. Results: A total of 510 participants, most of whom were hunters (31.4%), farmers (29.8%), and had primary education (62.7%), were included in this study. Although 83.3% participants had heard of EVD, most (71%) did not know its cause. Their source of information was mainly informal discussions in the community (49%). Misconceptions were identified with regards to knowledge on the cause and mode of transmission. Only 43.1% accepted EVD could be transmitted from human-to-human. Generally, participants’ knowledge of EVD was poor. Demographic factors such as level of education, occupation and ethnic group significantly affected knowledge of EVD. The majority of participants were at a very high risk of exposure to infection as they consumed various forms of bush meat and were involved in other risky practices such as scarification and touching of corpses. Although over half of participants seek medical care, most of them preferred traditional medicine. Socio-cultural and service-related factors were deterrent factors to medical care. Conclusion: Participants generally had poor knowledge of EVD and were at high risk of to infection. We recommend rigorous sensitization campaigns in study area to educate the population on EVD and clarify the misconceptions identified. EVD surveillance is recommended particularly as outbreaks have often been reported in the Congo Basin.
Motives of contributing personal data for health research: (Non-)participation in a Dutch biobank
Authors: Broekstra Reinder , Maeckelberghe Els , Aris-Meijer Judith , Stolk Ronald , Otten Sabine
Published: May 2020

Background: Large-scale, centralized data repositories are playing a critical and unprecedented role in fostering innovative health research, leading to new opportunities as well as dilemmas for the medical sciences. Uncovering the reasons as to why citizens do or do not contribute to such repositories, for example, to population-based biobanks, is therefore crucial. We investigated and compared the views of existing participants and non-participants on contributing to large-scale, centralized health research data repositories with those of ex-participants regarding the decision to end their participation. This comparison could yield new insights into motives of participation and non-participation, in particular the behavioural change of withdrawal. Methods: We conducted 36 in-depth interviews with ex-participants, participants, and non-participants of a three-generation, population-based biobank in the Netherlands. The interviews focused on the respondents’ decision-making processes relating to their participation in a large-scale, centralized repository for health research data. Results: The decision of participants and non-participants to contribute to the biobank was motivated by a desire to help others. Whereas participants perceived only benefits relating to their participation and were unconcerned about potential risks, non­-participants and ex-participants raised concerns about the threat of large-scale, centralized public data repositories and public institutes, such as social exclusion or commercialization. Our analysis of ex-participants’ perceptions suggests that intrapersonal characteristics, such as levels of trust in society and public goods, participation conceived as a social norm, and basic societal values account for differences between participants and non-participants.Conclusions: Our findings indicate the fluidity of motives centring on helping others in decisions to participate in large-scale, centralized health research data repositories. Efforts to improve participation should focus on enhancing the trustworthiness of such data repositories and developing layered strategies for communication with participants and with the public. Accordingly, personalized approaches for recruiting participants and transmitting information along with appropriate regulatory frameworks are required, which have important implications for current data management and informed consent procedures.
The association between physicians’presenteeism and job burnout: a cross-sectional survey study in China
Authors: Pei Pei , Lin Guohua , Li Gaojie , Zhu Yifan , Xi Xiaoyu
Published: May 2020

Background: Research shows that physicians often report job burnout and have a high level of presenteeism, but few studies concerns the relationship between job burnout and presenteeism. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physicians’ presenteeism and three dimensions of job burnout in China, and to identify aspects that are can help alleviate associated with presenteeism. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving physicians in second-and third-class medical institutions was conducted in the interior of China. Using one item measure about presenteeism a single presenteeism questionnaire and a 15-item Chinese version of the BMI-GS questionnaire, this study investigated prevalence of physicians' presenteeism behavior and job burnout in three dimensions, and determined the relationship between presenteeism and job burnout by logistical model. Results: Relationships between presenteeism and three dimensions of job burnout were explored, and the influence of demography and work factors were evaluated. The survey was completed by 1376/1547 hospital doctors, with a response rate of 88.9%. 30.7%(n=422) of the subjects reported having presenteeism behavior. Using MBI-GS, 86.8%(n=1195) of physicians had scores of moderate job burnout were moderately burnout and 6.0%(n=82) were severely job burnout. Logistic regression analysis showed that physicians with moderate, severe emotional exhaustion and severe cynicism were more likely to engage in associate with presenteeism (all p < 0.05). In addition, two other work-related factors, including the physician's department and position, were also more likely to influence relate with their presenteeism (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: At present, there is quite presenteeism among physicians in the second-and third-class medical institutions in China, which is significantly related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Considering the modifiable job-related factors, health care institutions must take appropriate measures to relieve physicians' job burnout, help them adjust their self-awareness properly, and ensure occupational mental health to alleviate the prevalence of presenteeism.
Cholesterol reducer and thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Poupore Nicolas , Strat Dan , Mackey Tristan , Brown Katherine , Snell Ashley , Nathaniel Thomas
Published: May 2020

Background Specific clinical risk factors may contribute to worsening or improving neurological functions in an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient pre-treated with a cholesterol reducer with a subsequent recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment. We investigated clinical risk factors associated with good or poor presenting neurological symptoms in ischemic stroke patients with prior cholesterol reducer use, specifically a statin and rtPA therapy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed baseline clinical and demographic data of 630 patients with AIS taking cholesterol reducers prior to rtPA treatment from January 2010 to June 2016 in a regional stroke center. Progressing (NIHSS ≤ 7) or worsening (NIHSS > 7) scores for neurologic improvement determined measures for treatment outcome. Multivariate logistic regression models identified demographic and clinical factors associated with worsening or progressing neurologic functions. Results Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that in an ischemic stroke population with a combined rtPA and cholesterol reducer medication history, increasing age (OR = 1.032, 95% CI, 1.015-1.048, P < 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.859, 95% CI, 1.098-3.149, P = 0.021) demonstrated a likely association with worsening neurologic functions, while direct admission (OR = 0.411, 95% CI, 0.246-0.686, P = 0.001) and being Caucasian (OR = 0.496, 95% CI, 0.297-0.827, P = 0.007) showed an association with improving or progressing neurologic functions. Conclusion A prior cholesterol reducer, namely a statin, plus rtPA combination may be associated with worsening neurological function for elderly AIS patients with atrial fibrillation, while Caucasians directly admitted to a neurology unit are more likely to show an association with progress or improvements in neurologic functions.