bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia–Ukraine war and the impact on Indian economy
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anindita , Gaur Dolly , Gupta Kanishka
Published: September 2023

Purpose

India is not geographically close to either Russia or Ukraine. However, India's trade relations with them make it vulnerable to the consequences of the war between these countries. Thus, the present study aims to examine the impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on various sectoral indices of the Indian economy.

Design/methodology/approach

Event study methodology has been used in this study for analysis. The date of the war announcement is the event day. The sample studied includes ten sectors of the Indian economy listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). Results correspond to the period of −167 days to +20 days of the announcement of the war, i.e. from June 25, 2021, to March 28, 2022.

Findings

Almost all the sample sectors earned significantly positive abnormal returns in the post-event period. The metal industry has led this group by showcasing the highest abnormal returns. Though Indian sectors made overall positive returns, the market soon corrected itself and abnormal returns were wiped out.

Practical implications

These results can benefit portfolio managers, analysts, investors and policymakers in hedging risks and selecting suitable investments during increased global uncertainty. The study's conclusions help policymakers establish an institutional and supervisory framework that will make it easier to spot systematic risks and reduce them by putting countercyclical measures in place.

Originality/value

India has no geographical proximity or trade relations with Russia or Ukraine, as strong as any other European country. However, Russia has remained a strong ally to India in the trade of defense equipment. Similar is the case with Ukraine, a significant global partner for India. Thus, the impact of conflict between these two countries has not been limited to Europe only but has also engulfed related economies. Hence, the present study is one of the first attempts to examine the burns sustained by the Indian economy due to this war.
Asymmetry in the prices of crude oil and diesel and gasoline prices in Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Gerrio , Sousa Daniel , Besarria Cássio da Nóbrega , Lima Robson , de Jesus Diego Pitta
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine if there are asymmetries in the pass-through of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil prices to its derivatives (diesel and gasoline) in the Brazilian market.

Design/methodology/approach

Initially, the future WTI oil price series was analyzed using the self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) and logistic smooth transition autoregressive (LSTAR) non-linear models. Subsequently, the threshold autoregressive error-correction model (TAR-ECM) and Markov-switching model were used.

Findings

The findings indicated high prices throughout 2008 due to the subprime crisis. The findings indicated high prices throughout 2008 due to the subprime crisis. The results indicated that there is long-term pass-through of oil prices in both methods, suggesting an equilibrium adjustment in the prices of diesel and gasoline in the analyzed period. Regarding the short term, the variations in contemporary crude oil prices have positive effects on the variations in fuel prices. Lastly, this behavior can partly be explained by the internal price management structure adopted during almost all of the analyzed period.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature at some points. The first contribution is the modeling of the oil price series through non-linear models, further enriching the literature on the recent behavior of this time series. The second is the simultaneous use of the TAR-ECM and Markov-switching model to capture possible short- and long-term asymmetries in the pass-through of prices, as few studies have applied these methods to the future price of oil. The third and main contribution is the investigation of whether there are asymmetries in the transfer of oil prices to the price of derivatives in Brazil. So far, no work has investigated this issue, which is very relevant to the country.
Examining the role of family motivation: an empirical examination in the hospitality sector
Authors: Ahmed Umair , Al Riyami Said , Umrani Waheed Ali , Pahi Munwar Hussain , Syed Hassan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The authors intended to find out what motivates employees at the workplace. For this purpose, the authors examined family motivation and intrinsic motivation influences over work attitudes such as organizational citizenship behavior (individual) and affective commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

In the current research, the authors adopted time-lagged approach to collect a total of 352 responses from managers in the hospitality sector. This approach was adopted to avoid common method issues related to survey research.

Findings

The findings suggest positive association of family motivation with intrinsic motivation, affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (individual). The authors also found intrinsic motivation positively related to affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (individual). The findings also found statistical support pertaining to the mediating role of intrinsic motivation on family motivation's positive relationship with affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (individual).

Practical implications

Considering important role of family motivation, the authors ask managers to think through ways that could help employees feel better about their family's wellbeing. The authors also suggest organizations upsurge intrinsic motivation of their employees by engaging them in decision-making process, allow employees to craft their jobs because through these a higher level of organizational citizenship behavior for individuals and affective commitment could be generated.

Originality/value

The authors extend the core assumption of self-determination theory that work motivation (intrinsic in specific) is autonomously determined, deeply rooted within individuals, and gratifying. It works on the pleasure principle and mirrors a hedonic standpoint. In such a situation, employees work merely based on their interest and joy; they focus and enjoy the process.
Why some call the “worst” what most consider the “best”?: an analysis of tourist complaints at the wonders of the world
Authors: Mellinas Juan Pedro , Martin-Fuentes Eva , Ferrer-Rosell Berta
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research explores why tourists are dissatisfied in places considered “wonders of the world”. The authors ask if the place does not match visitors' expectations or if other factors spoil the experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analysed the lowest-rated reviews of these wonders on TripAdvisor. The authors identified the main causes of complaints and the problems tourists faced. The authors grouped the complaints into categories and used CoDa.

Findings

The results indicate that dissatisfaction does not stem from unmet expectations regarding the monument itself, but rather from other factors related to the quality of the tourist service.

Practical implications

The findings of this research can be implemented in those tourist spots that, despite their global popularity, have considerable proportions of unhappy visitors, not due to the attraction itself, but to shortcomings in its administration.

Originality/value

This study provides a deeper insight into the causes of complaints about some of the most renowned monuments, regarded as extraordinary places, where high satisfaction levels would be anticipated. It also contributes theoretically to the literature on customer complaints in tourist places.
Do high-performance work practices promote an individual's readiness and commitment to change? The moderating role of adaptive leadership
Authors: Naseer Saima , Chughtai Muhammad Salman , Syed Fauzia
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Utilizing the social cognitive theory, this study aims to suggest that organizations that promote high-performance work practices (HPWPs) are instrumental in fostering an individual's affective commitment to change through the explanatory process of an individual's readiness to change. In addition, high adaptive leadership would also strengthen HPWPs and readiness to change relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

This study tested the hypotheses using a temporally segregated research design across three time waves (n = 337).

Findings

This study found support for the direct, mediating, moderating and mod-med hypotheses. The results of this study corroborate that a high adaptive leadership and an organization implementing HPWPs set the stage for creating an individual's affective commitment to change via their readiness to change.

Originality/value

The current study integrates the change management, leadership and HRM literature by suggesting a unique mechanism and boundary conditions that advance research and practice in an individual's willingness and acceptance to change. Based on the study's findings, the authors suggest theoretical and practical implications for research and practice.
Child abuse and neglect and associated mental health outcomes: a large, population-based survey among children and adolescents from Jamaica and Uganda
Authors: Debowska Agata , Boduszek Daniel , Fray-Aiken Christine , Ochen Eric Awich , Powell-Booth Karyl T. , Nanfuka Kalule Esther , Harvey Roxanne , Turyomurugyendo Florence , Nelson Kenisha , Willmott Dominic , Mason Samantha
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Few studies assess how child abuse and neglect (CAN) affects adolescents’ mental health. Further, the majority of studies conducted to date discount the individual CAN items and report overall prevalence rates for different types of abuse and neglect. The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of and gender differences in CAN subtypes, lifetime prevalence of individual CAN items and the contribution of different CAN subtypes for explaining depression, anxiety and irritability.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample included Jamaican (n = 7,182, 60.8% female) and Ugandan (n = 11,518, 52.4% female) youths. The authors used a population-based cross-sectional study design. Youths completed an anonymous survey in school settings.

Findings

The authors found gender differences in the levels of CAN subtypes. Maltreatment behaviors of lesser severity were more commonly endorsed by the youths than those of greater severity. Neglect and emotional abuse were the strongest correlates of depression (e.g. neglect: ß = 0.23, among Jamaican youths; emotional abuse outside-the-home: ß = 0.23, among Ugandan girls), anxiety (e.g. neglect: ß = 0.17, among Ugandan girls; emotional abuse outside-the-home: ß = 0.27, among Ugandan girls) and irritability (e.g. emotional abuse in-the-home: ß = 0.17, among Jamaican boys; emotional abuse outside-the-home: ß = 0.17, among Ugandan girls) in most samples.

Originality/value

These findings will inform policymakers and professionals working with youths in Jamaica and Uganda, providing comprehensive contemporary insights beyond existing research in these regions.
Digital divide: accessing digital technologies for firms in BOP countries
Authors: Quansah Ewuradjoa Mansa
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Digital technologies (DTs) are key and essential in firms and communities. Countries in low-income areas, such as Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) contexts, struggle with digital development. To understand how firms in BOP countries access DTs, a qualitative study was conducted to provide insight into how firms in these contexts access DTs and the challenges they face while accessing these technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

An in-depth qualitative study was done, which included semi-structured interviews with digital enterprises. In total, 12 chief executive officers (CEOs) and owners of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) from Ghana and Nigeria were interviewed. NVivo 12 Pro was used for thematic analysis.

Findings

Four main findings were identified as follows: (1) how firms in BOP contexts access DTs, (2) the challenges in accessing DTs, (3) factors considered when selecting a technological provider in BOP contexts and (4) solutions and recommendations to the challenges identified. From the results, cost, low technological infrastructure, high transaction costs, regulatory issues, lack of trust, poor digital skills and lack of support were among the barriers to accessing DTs in BOP contexts.

Research limitations/implications

Governments and stakeholders of firms in BOP contexts need to be intentional with their digitalization development to ensure digital inclusion.

Originality/value

The study developed a synopsis of the factors involved in accessing DTs in BOP contexts and is the first to conceptualize firm digital access in BOP contexts.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-05-2023-0213
The diatom Thalassiosira rotula induces distinct growth responses and colonization patterns of Roseobacteraceae, Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria
Authors: Tran Den Quoc , Milke Felix , Niggemann Jutta , Simon Meinhard
Published: September 2023

Diatoms as important phytoplankton components interact with and are colonized by heterotrophic bacteria. This colonization has been studied extensively in the past but a distinction between the bacterial colonization directly on diatom cells or on the aggregated organic material, exopolymeric substances (EPS), was little addressed. Here we show that the diatom Thalassiosira rotula and EPS were differently colonized by strains of Roseobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in two and tree partner treatments and an enriched natural bacterial community as inoculum. In two partner treatments, the algae and EPS were generally less colonized than in the three partner treatments. Two strains benefitted greatly from the presence of another partner as the proportions of their subpopulations colonizing the diatom cell and the EPS were much enhanced relative to their two partner treatments. Highest proportions of bacteria colonizing the diatom and EPS occurred in the treatment inoculated with the enriched natural bacterial community. Dissolved organic carbon, amino acids and carbohydrates produced by T. rotula were differently used by the bacteria in the two and three partner treatments and most efficiently by the enriched natural bacterial community. Our approach is a valid model system to study physico‐chemical bacteria‐diatom interactions with increasing complexity.
Successful treatment of anti‐PTX3 positive seronegative rheumatoid arthritis with upadacitinib
Authors: Xu Haojie , Su Bang , Li Rong , Wang Lu , Zhou Jiaxin , Zhao Lidan
Published: September 2023

Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA) can be a rapid‐progressing and highly disabling disease. Anti‐PTX3 autoantibody may be a potential biomarker in SNRA diagnosis. SNRA patients could respond well to upadacitinib.
Bronchoscopy for management and identification of etiology of right middle lobe syndrome: Analysis of 66 cases
Authors: Freidkin Lev , Heching Moshe , Rosengarten Dror , Pertzov Barak , Gershman Evgeni , Izhakian Shimon , Amor Shai M. , Kramer Mordechai Reuven
Published: September 2023

Background

Right middle lobe (RML) syndrome is a recurrent or chronic obstruction of the RML causing atelectasis of the right middle lobe due to mechanical and nonmechanical etiologies. The consequences of untreated RML syndrome range from chronic cough to post‐obstructive pneumonia and bronchiectasis. We report here our bronchoscopy experience in patients with RML syndrome.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients who underwent bronchoscopy for RML syndrome at Rabin Medical Center from 2008 through 2022. Demographic data and medical history, bronchoscopy findings and procedures, and follow‐up results were collected.

Results

A total of 66 patients (57.6% male, mean age 63 ± 13 years) underwent bronchoscopy for RML syndrome during the study period. Bronchoscopy revealed a mechanical etiology in 49 (74.2%) cases, including endobronchial mass (21, 31.8%) and external compression (7, 10.6%). Malignancy was identified in 20 (30.3%) cases. In 62 patients (93.9%), the bronchoscopy resulted in partial or complete reopening of the RML bronchus. The therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures were balloon dilatation (19), laser ablation (17), mechanical debridement (12), endobronchial stent insertion (11), and cryoablation (6).

Conclusions

Malignancy was identified as the etiology of RML syndrome in approximately 25% of cases, suggesting bronchoscopy should be performed in every case of RML atelectasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported series of endobronchial stenting of the RML bronchus in the context of RML syndrome.
Reassessing the clinical significance of electrocardiographically unrecognized myocardial infarctions: Radionuclide infarct size and its impact on long‐term prognosis
Authors: Ammar Khawaja Afzal , Rodeheffer Richard J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Silent or unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) diagnosed by surveillance electrocardiography (ECG) carries similarly poor prognosis as recognized MI (RMI) for poorly understood reasons.

Methods

This study included 5430 consecutive patients who presented to the nuclear laboratory and underwent 2‐day stress and rest Tc‐99m sestamibi and ECG studies between March 1991 and June 1999. UMI was diagnosed if ECG showed Q‐wave MI in the absence of a history of RMI. We measured infarct size (% defect size as compared with the entire left ventricular sestamibi uptake), ejection fraction (EF, %), and summed difference score (SDS, sestamibi uptake by myocardium in stress minus sestamibi uptake in rest images as a marker of ischemia). Survival was determined by follow‐up survey (median 6 years).

Results

We identified 346 UMIs, 628 RMIs, and 4456 subjects without MI (No MI). As compared with RMI, UMI patients had lesser abnormalities on nuclear scans (p < .0001 for all), including smaller infarct size (5.7% vs. 12.2%), higher EF (58% vs. 53%), and lesser ischemia (SDS; 3.9% vs. 2.7%). UMI prognosis was as poor as that of RMI (annual mortality rate 4.7% vs. 4.8% with No MI rate of 2.9%; p < .001 for all comparisons), and this persisted after multivariate analysis. Infarct size quantification successfully risk‐stratified ECG‐UMI patients, but UMI patients continued to predict mortality even if the infarct size was 0%.

Conclusions

Although UMI patients have lesser abnormalities on nuclear scans, ECG‐based UMI continues to independently predict mortality, indicating the continuing relevance of ECG in clinical practice.
Associations between socio‐demographic factors and change in mobility due to COVID‐19 restrictions in Ontario, Canada using geographically weighted regression
Authors: Klar Ben , Gilliland Jason A. , Long Jed A.
Published: September 2023

Transportation research has shown that socio‐demographic factors impact people's mobility patterns. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, some of these effects have changed in accordance with changing mobility needs adapting to the pandemic, including restrictions on in‐person gatherings, closure of in‐person businesses, and working from home. We investigate two gaps in current knowledge in this area of transportation research: to what extent the associations between socio‐demographic factors and mobility metrics have changed, and how these associations vary across geographic space. We used aggregate deidentified cell tower location data to measure two mobility metrics—movement time and radius of gyration—and socio‐demographic data from the 2016 Canadian Census to model these associations across Ontario, Canada in 2020 using a linear model and a geographically weighted regression model. We find that certain associations between socio‐demographics and mobility have changed from what we previously observed before the pandemic, and we can see the variation of these associations across space. These findings will improve our understanding of how socio‐demographic factors affect mobility patterns in different communities and demonstrate the importance of measuring these associations at a more fine‐grained level using models that consider spatial variation to best reflect the nature of these associations.
Comparing innovation strategies: Canada's Ocean Supercluster and Europe's Smart Specialisation initiatives
Authors: Fil Kristensen Iryna , Shearmur Richard , Doloreux David
Published: September 2023

The Global Innovation Clusters’ Initiative (GIC) is an innovation program launched in Canada. This article aims to describe the policy, in particular its key similarities and differences with the Europe's Smart Specialisation (S3) policy initiative, and critically explore the logic behind its inception. The article reveals that although policy implementation practices are bespoke and context‐specific, the need to increase coordination between different levels and sectors of policy making is acknowledged to be important for achieving both innovation and local economic development objectives.
Genomic gain/methylation modification/hsa‐miR‐132‐3p increases RRS1 overexpression in liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Cong Peilin , Tian Li , Zheng Yinggang , Zhang Hong , Liu Qiong , Wu Tingmei , Zhang Qian , Wu Huanghui , Huang Xinwei , Xiong Lize
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine the upstream regulatory factors affecting ribosome biogenesis regulator 1 homolog (RRS1) expression and the development and prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). The expression profiles of RRS1 were evaluated in pan‐cancer tissues and liver tumor cell lines. The associations of RRS1 with pan‐cancer survival, immune infiltrations, immune checkpoints, and drug sensitivity were identified. We explored the potential upstream regulatory mechanisms of RRS1 expression. Hsa‐miR‐132‐3p knockdown, CCK‐8 assays, transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to validate the regulatory effect of hsa‐miR‐132‐3p on RRS1 expression and the development of LIHC. Our findings demonstrated that RRS1 was significantly elevated in 27 types of cancers. RRS1 predicts a poor outcome of LIHC, lung adenocarcinoma, head and neck cancer, and kidney papillary cell carcinoma. RRS1 expression showed a significant association with immune cell infiltrates and the expression of immune checkpoints‐related genes in LIHC tissues. Increased RRS1 expression may have a negative effect on these anticancer drugs of LIHC. Low methylation of the RRS1 promoter and its genomic gain may elevate RRS1 expression and predict poor prognosis for LIHC. Increased hsa‐miR‐132‐3p expression may elevate RRS1 expression and result in poor prognosis for LIHC. Hsa‐miR‐132‐3p inhibition can decrease RRS1 expression and the development of liver tumor cell lines. Low methylation of the RRS1 promoter, RRS1 genomic gain, and hsa‐miR‐132‐3p upregulation in LIHC may promote RRS1 upregulation and thus lead to the development and poor prognosis for LIHC. RRS1 is a promising therapeutic target for LIHC.
A case report of rib osteosarcoma and literature review
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Bao Tianyi , Yan Chao , Zhu Yongliang , Zheng Xiaofei
Published: September 2023

About half of osteosarcomas occur near the knee joint, but other sites such as the humerus, upper femur, fibula, spine, and ilium can also occur. However, rib osteosarcoma is rarely reported. Here, we report the case of a 17‐year‐old female who was found to have a left dorsal mass on physical examination. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bone destruction in the seventh rib, leading to surgery for mass excision. Pathological results suggested chondroblastic osteosarcoma. After surgery, the patient was treated with chemotherapy and is doing well.
Challenging lesions in cervical cytology: The elusive HSIL
Authors: Torous Vanda F.
Published: September 2023

Cervical cytology has been an integral part of cervical cancer screening since the mid‐20th century with the implementation of screening protocols utilising Pap testing. During that time, cervical cancer has gone from the leading cause of cancer deaths in women to not even appearing in the top 10 causes of US cancer deaths. However, despite its long and widespread use, cervical cytology remains a diagnostically challenging area in the practice of cytopathology. Of particular importance for diagnosticians is the accurate diagnosis of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), given the significant risk of progression to invasive cervical cancer and the importance to patient management. Therefore, this review is presented in order to highlight the diagnostic features of HSIL, its various appearances, and important benign and neoplastic differential considerations with an emphasis on morphological clues that can aid in distinguishing between these different processes.
Digital cholangioscopy‐assisted lithotripsy under single‐balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy
Authors: Kawaguchi Shinya , Honda Kazuhito , Satoh Tatsunori
Published: September 2023

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Rates of John Cunningham virus seroconversion greatly reduced in natalizumab‐treated patients during COVID‐19‐related lockdowns
Authors: Dwyer Chris , Sharmin Sifat , Kalincik Tomas
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

This study was undertaken to retrospectively compare rates of John Cunningham virus (JCV) seroconversion in natalizumab‐treated patients before and during COVID‐19‐related community restrictions. Natalizumab is highly effective therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Prolonged exposure to natalizumab in JCV‐positive patients can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a potentially fatal brain infection. Serial assessment of JCV status is required for patients receiving natalizumab.

Methods

Patients receiving natalizumab at the Royal Melbourne Hospital were assessed for change in JCV serostatus and duration of exposure to natalizumab in two discrete time periods: from 1 February 2012 until 1 February 2017 (“pre‐COVID”; n = 128) and from 1 April 2020 until 12 October 2022 (“COVID”; n = 214). A Poisson regression model adjusted for age at natalizumab commencement and sex was used to model seroconversion rate between the two time periods.

Results

The pre‐COVID JCV seroconversion rate among natalizumab‐treated patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital was 9.08%. Conversely, we found a precipitous decline in JCV seroconversion during COVID lockdown. Annualized seroconversion during COVID‐19‐related restrictions was 2.01%. The annualized seroconversion rate was 4.7 times higher during the pre‐COVID‐19 period (95% confidence interval = 2.96–7.45, p < 0.0001) compared to the annualized seroconversion rate during COVID lockdown. Males had a 2× higher rate of seroconversion compared to females.

Conclusions

JCV seroconversion among natalizumab‐treated patients was markedly lower during COVID‐19‐related community restrictions. Restrictions observed in Melbourne were among the longest and most comprehensive implemented worldwide. This suggests the presence of modifiable risk factors that could lower rates of JCV seroconversion among natalizumab‐treated patients.
The utility of trauma evaluations in judicial decision‐making in child sex trafficking cases: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Ascienzo Sarah , Atwater Chelsea , Cole Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Youth coerced into trafficking experience multiple forms of abuse, and are deprived of basic human rights associated with liberty and self‐determination, all of which can adversely affect mental and psychological well‐being (Ottisova et al., Behavioral Medicine, 44(3), 234‐241.). This study uses a qualitative approach to exploring how judges use trauma‐related information to make decisions about how to adjudicate cases involving minors who have been sexually trafficked. Additionally, the study identifies barriers to receiving data, the court resources needed to effectively respond, and potential remedies to address gaps in effective case management. The study uses data from 82 juvenile and family court judges from around the USA 27‐item structured interview was used to determine the availability and utility of trauma services, needed resources, and solutions to overcome gaps in effective case adjudication. Themes emerged related to lack of access to and timing issues that limited the utility of reports, lack of congruency between recommendations and available resources and child and family resistance to disclosures. Solutions to overcome barriers are related to increased cross‐disciplinary collaboration, awareness and responsiveness. Legal remedies such as Safe Harbor laws can only be realized if the systemic context is aligned and appropriately resourced toward responsiveness.
Refining Boron Isotopic Measurements of Silicate Samples by Multi‐Collector‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS)
Authors: Paul André N. , Stewart Joseph A. , Agostini Samuele , Kirstein Linda A. , De Hoog Jan C.M. , Savov Ivan P. , Walowski Kristina , Rae James W.B. , Elliott Tim
Published: September 2023

Solution MC‐ICP‐MS is an established technique for high precision boron isotope measurement results (δ11BSRM 951) in carbonates, yet its application to silicate rocks has been limited. Impediments include volatilisation during silicate dissolution and contamination during chemical purification. To address this, we present a low‐blank sample preparation procedure that couples hydrofluoric acid‐digestion and low‐temperature evaporation (mannitol‐free), to an established MC‐ICP‐MS measurement procedure following chemical purification using B‐specific Amberlite IRA 743 resin. We obtain accurate δ11BSRM 951 values (intermediate precision ±0.2‰) for boric acid (BAM ERM‐AE121 19.65 ± 0.14‰) and carbonate (NIST RM 8301 (Coral) 24.24 ± 0.11‰) reference materials. For silicate reference materials covering mafic to felsic compositions we obtain δ11BSRM 951 with intermediate precision < ±0.6‰ (2s), namely JB‐2 6.9 ± 0.4‰; IAEA‐B‐5 ‐6.0 ± 0.6‰; IAEA‐B‐6 ‐3.9 ± 0.5‰ (2s). Furthermore, splits of these same reference materials were processed by an alternative fusion and purification procedure. We find excellent agreement between δ11BSRM 951 measurement results by MC‐ICP‐MS of the reference materials using both sample processing techniques. These measurement results show that our sample processing and MC‐ICP‐MS methods provide consistent δ11BSRM 951 values for low B‐mass fraction samples. We present new data from Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) glass, documenting a range in δ11BSRM 951 from ‐5.6 ± 0.3‰ to ‐8.8 ± 0.5‰ (2s), implying some upper mantle δ11BSRM 951 heterogeneity.
Interprofessional clinical decision‐making process in health: A scoping review
Authors: Bouchez Tiphanie , Cagnon Clémence , Hamouche Gouraya , Majdoub Marouan , Charlet Jean , Schuers Matthieu
Published: September 2023

Aims

To describe the key elements of the interprofessional decision‐making process in health, based on published scientific studies. To describe the authors, reviews and subject matter of those publications.

Design

Scoping review of the literature.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, APA Psycinfo OpenGrey, Lissa and Cochrane databases were searched in December 2019 and January 2023.

Review Methods

References were considered eligible if they (i) were written in French or English, (ii) concerned health, (iii) studied a clinical decision‐making process, (iv) were performed in an interprofessional context. ‘PRISMA‐scoping review’ guidelines were respected. The eligible studies were analysed and classified by an inductive approach

Results

We identified 1429 sources of information, 145 of which were retained for the analysis. Based on these studies, we identified five key elements of interprofessional decision‐making in health. The process was found to be influenced by group dynamics, the available information and consideration of the unique characteristics of the patient. An organizational framework and specific training favoured improvements in the process.

Conclusion

Decision‐making can be based on a willingness of the healthcare organization to promote models based on more shared leadership and to work on professional roles and values. It also requires healthcare professionals trained in the entire continuum of collaborative practices, to meet the unique needs of each patient. Finally, it appears essential to favour the sharing of multiple sources of accessible and structured information. Tools for knowledge formalization should help to optimize interprofessional decision‐making in health.

Impact

The quality of a team decision‐making is critical to the quality of care. Interprofessional decision‐making can be structured and improved through different levels of action. These improvements could benefit to patients and healthcare professionals in every settings of care involving care collaboration.

Impact Statement

Interprofessional decision‐making in health is an essential lever of quality of care, especially for the most complex patients which are a contemporary challenge. This scoping review article offers a synthesis of a large corpus of data published to date about the interprofessional clinical decision‐making process in healthcare. It has the potential to provide a global vision, practical data and a list of references to facilitate the work of healthcare teams, organizations and teachers ready to initiate a change.
Biogeography and depth partitioning in deep‐sea gastropods at the Pacific Costa Rica Margin
Authors: Betters Melissa , Stabbins April , Keller Abigail , Cordes Erik
Published: September 2023

Aim

Understanding the global distribution of biodiversity and the factors that influence it are among the central goals of biogeography. How abiotic and biotic factors limit species' ranges has been investigated across a variety of environments and taxonomic groups. However, such investigations across oceanic depths remain underrepresented, particularly for chemosynthetic environments such as hydrocarbon seeps. The depth differentiation (DD) hypothesis suggests that steep environmental gradients in the upper depths of the ocean may limit species' ranges over relatively short vertical distances. The present study aims to investigate the evidence for the DD hypothesis at hydrocarbon seep sites along the Pacific Costa Rica Margin (CRM) by investigating the biogeographic distributions of gastropods sampled there and the factors that influence them.

Location

Costa Rica.

Taxon

Mollusca, Gastropoda, Provannidae, Genus: Provanna (Dall, 1918).

Methods

1813 Provanna snails were collected across 1300 metres (m) of depth from Costa Rican hydrocarbon seeps. To test the DD hypothesis, species partitioning across the depth range was investigated. In addition to gradients in oceanographic conditions, such as temperature, oxygen, and salinity, other factors potentially responsible for filtering species were also considered as alternative hypotheses, including the availability of biogenic substrate, the availability of and reliance on chemosynthetic fluids, and specific preferences for certain environmental conditions.

Results and Main Conclusions

Three species of Provanna were identified from the CRM and exhibited partitioning across depth. For the two dominant species (P. laevis and P. goniata), the data suggest that depth‐associated oceanographic conditions are more likely than any other factor investigated to explain their observed partitioning across depth, supporting the DD hypothesis. This study also presents novel evidence that such partitioning may be unilaterally determined, wherein species with narrower depth ranges may limit the local depth ranges of others. This study represents an extension of biogeographic range limit literature into chemosynthetic habitats and across oceanic depths.
Nesting activity of Lepidochelys olivacea, and the effect of artificial shade at Cascajilloso beach, a newly inhabited nesting site in Pacific Panama
Authors: Flores Eric E. , De La Cruz Joelbin Rafael
Published: September 2023

Sea turtle nesting activity on newly monitored beaches yield important data to support future regional and global conservation assessments. Here, we report on nesting activity of Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Cascajilloso beach in Pacific Panama based on data from a new hatchery during seasons 2019, 2020 and 2021. Further to this, we conducted a field experiment analyzing the effects of artificial shade versus unshaded treatments on hatchlings' biometric characteristics, hatching success, incubation success and the incubation period. The analyses of three seasons showed that nesting activity, based on number of egg clutches transferred to the hatchery, reached a peak between September (33%) and October (25%). Curved carapace length (CCL) of nesting females (64.3–66.2 cm) was similar to other populations of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). The number of eggs clutches were 80 in 2019, 73 in 2020 and 108 in 2021; however, the clutch size was slightly smaller (93.92 ± 18.78 eggs) compared with other populations of the ETP. This could be a phenotypic variation of nesting females at this beach. The ability to move egg clutches to the hatchery was affected during 2020 season due to COVID19 restrictions. Heavy rainfall during the incubation period caused a reduction in ambient temperature resulting in cooler (maximum average 29.9°C) nest temperatures registered under artificial shade and unshaded treatments. This could result in males hatchlings during the 2020 season. The warmer temperatures in our experimental nests produced heavier hatchlings contrary to general assumptions, but this was also related to straight carapace length only after a threshold value of 40 mm. Hatchlings under the artificial shade were able to grow to a certain size but potentially at the costs of storing less mass (trade‐off). Ongoing beach patrolling and hatchery management techniques with long‐term baseline data collection are needed to secure the nesting population of L. olivacea in this recently surveyed beach.
Phosphorylation of MAP 1A regulates hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Cai Biao , Shao Nan , Ye Ting , Zhou Peng , Si Wenwen , Song Hang , Wang Guangyun , Kou Junping
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

Hyperphosphorylation of Tau is one of the important pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, studying the mechanisms behind Tau hyperphosphorylation is crucial in exploring the pathogenesis of neurological damage in AD.

Methods

In this study, after the establishment of rat models of AD, quantitative phosphoproteomics and proteomics were performed to identify proteins, showing that phosphorylation of microtubule associated protein 1A (MAP 1A) was lower in the model group. Western blot confirmed the changes of MAP 1A in the SD rats, APP/PS1 transgenic mice and cell AD models. To further study the molecular mechanism of recombinant MAP 1A phosphorylation affecting Tau phosphorylation, interfering siRNA‐MAP 1A and protein immunoprecipitation reaction analysis were performed in AD cell models.

Results

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) showed reduced binding to MAP 1A and increased binding to Tau, resulting in a decrease in phosphorylated MAP 1A (p‐MAP 1A) and an increase in phosphorylated Tau (p‐Tau), and MAP 1A silencing promoted binding of CDK5‐Tau and increased Tau phosphorylation, thereby reducing the cell survival rate.

Conclusions

In summary, we found that p‐MAP 1A downregulation associated with p‐Tau upregulation was due to their altered binding forces to CDK5, and MAP 1A could enhance autophosphorylation by competitive binding to CDK5 and antagonise Tau phosphorylation. This leads to neuronal protection and reducing tissue damage levels in AD, which can help better understand the mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.
Functional and emotional impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on older adults with sarcopenia living in a nursing home: A 15‐month follow‐up
Authors: Cezón‐Serrano Natalia , Arnal‐Gómez Anna , Arjona‐Tinaut Laura , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria Àngels
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to detect the functional and emotional impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on institutionalized older adults with sarcopenia during a 15‐month follow‐up. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in a nursing home. Participants were screened for sarcopenia, and those with a score of ≥4 points according to SARC‐F questionnaire were included. Assessments were performed pre‐lockdown (T1), 12 months (T2) after, and at a 15‐month follow‐up (T3). Functional measurements included chair stand test, handgrip, biceps brachii and quadriceps femoris strengths, appendicular skeletal mass, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Timed Up‐and‐Go test. Emotional assessments included Short‐Form Health Survey, Geriatric Depression Scale—Short Form, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The analyzed sample showed a reduction in bicep strength, and other upper and lower limb strength variables showed a decreasing trend with no changes regarding muscle mass. Physical performance showed a change, specifically a deterioration in the subtest related to balance. Cognitive and emotional components were affected and quality of life was decreased. It is of paramount importance to focus on sarcopenic older adults since their characteristics can deteriorate when isolation measures are conducted.
The Effect of Halo‐Pelvic Traction on Bone Mineral Density of Vertebrae and Corresponding Risk Factors
Authors: Huang Xianming , Xiu Peng , Shu Yi , Song Yueming , Zhou Zhongjie , Zhou Chunguang , Feng Ganjun , Wang Lei , Liu Limin , Tang Jing , Yang Xi
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with complications in implantation surgery for severe spinal deformity. In this quantitative study, we aimed to investigate the impact of halo‐pelvic traction on vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and identify the risk factors for a decrease in BMD.

Methods

Patients who underwent halo‐pelvic traction at our hospital between 2019 and 2022 were included in the study. Patients’ data, including height, weight, and BMD pre‐ and post‐traction, were collected and analyzed. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to determine the BMD. The paired rank sum test was used to evaluate the changes in each measurement parameter. Linear regression was used to identify risk factors for a decrease in BMD.

Results

Fifteen patients were included in the study, nine women and six men, with an average age of 21.2 ± 7.3 years. Eleven patients had severe rigid scoliosis, while four had tuberculotic kyphosis. One expert measured the BMD values of 345 vertebrae using QCT. The average traction time was 143.3 ± 44.4 days. The average pre‐traction BMD was 183.1 ± 73.8 mg/cm3, and the average post‐traction BMD was 140.5 ± 61.3 mg/cm3 (p < 0.01) Patients’ height increased from an average of 151.3 ± 12.8 cm pre‐traction to 165.5 ± 13.7 cm post‐traction (p < 0.01), with traction length averaging 14.3 ± 6.2 cm (p < 0.01). The Cobb angle of the main curve declined from an average of 112.5° ± 24.4° pre‐traction to 67.7° ± 19.8° post‐traction (p < 0.01). Linear regression revealed a positive correlation between BMD loss and traction length and a negative correlation between BMD loss and correction rate.

Conclusions

Halo‐pelvic traction can lead to a decrease in the BMD of the spinal vertebrae, with traction length positively correlated with BMD loss and correction rate negatively correlated with BMD loss. To prevent osteoporosis, physicians should ensure a limited traction length while utilizing better management techniques.
Clinical Analysis of the Frosch Approach in the Treatment of Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures Combined with Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Yuan Tangbo , Cai Dawei , Yang Fei , Wang Zeyong , Qin Jian
Published: September 2023

Objective

The treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures is difficult, and providing sufficient exposure and effective fixation is a challenge. There is great controversy regarding the surgical approach for posterolateral tibial plateau fractures. The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical effects of open reduction and internal fixation using the Frosch approach for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures combined with lateral tibial plateau fractures.

Methods

Data from 19 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures combined with lateral tibial plateau fractures treated from May 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were nine men and 10 women, ranging in age from 22 to 62 years, with an average age of 45.6 years. All patients were treated using the Frosch approach. Under direct vision, the posterolateral and lateral fractures were reduced, and full bone grafting was performed. We reshaped the oblique “T” shaped plate for the distal radius and placed it on the posterolateral tibial plateau to fix the posterolateral fractures. The lateral inverted “L” shaped locking plate was placed on the lateral tibial plateau to fix the lateral tibial plateau fractures. Within 2 weeks after the operation, the patients were instructed to perform knee joint function exercises within 90°. At the last follow‐up, the Rasmussen radiological criteria were used to evaluate the effectiveness of fracture reduction and fixation. And the knee joint function was evaluated using Rasmussen functional score.

Results

The operation time ranged from 100 to 180 min, with an average of 134.2 min; intraoperative blood loss ranged from 20 to 150 mL, with an average of 66.8 mL. The follow‐up duration ranged from 14 to 58 months, with an average of 36.2 months. There were no complications, such as vascular or nerve injury or incision infection. Fracture healing was achieved in all patients, and the healing time ranged from 10 to 14 weeks, with an average of 11.2 weeks. During the follow‐up period, there was no loosening or breakage of the internal fixation, varus or valgus deformity of the knee joint, re‐collapse of the articular surface, or instability of the knee joint. At the last follow‐up, the effectiveness of fracture reduction and fixation was excellent in 13 patients and good in six patients. And the knee joint function was excellent in 17 patients and good in two patients.

Conclusion

The Frosch approach for open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures combined with lateral tibial plateau fractures has a definite clinical benefit and is worthy of promotion and application.
“Am I safe enough for you now?” BPD and the forced erasure of personal identity
Authors: Welch Shay
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I explore a number of issues related to a life lived with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Primarily, I am interested in discussing how one unwillingly changes their personal identity by forced medicating—demanded by others implicitly and explicitly. My motivation is something deep and invasive in me. I want to know, I have always wanted to know, why others want me to not be Me so badly. I have thought about this question for years, and though others may simply chalk it up to just one of the standard paranoid or narcissistic traits of borderline personality disorder, there is something more to this question that many of us agonize over most of our lives. There is a deeply normative component to this question that extends beyond the mere fear of abandonment; it is tied to a desire by others to erase—literally—who we are for their own comfort. In this sense, then, I invite you to travel along a path of what it can mean to be a BPDer, from a narrative, phenomenological, and cognitive lived, embodied perspective. My purpose is to show that the treatments for us that others desire cannot avoid (and usually do not want to avoid) the unraveling of who we really are. Whether we want to or not, we give up our self to keep other people with us. And for many, this is too much to ask, and can be one, though not the only, reason suicide and self‐harm seem to be necessary recourses. One in 10 people with BPD commit suicide. So this is a serious matter, indeed.