bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mutation of VPS33B Gene Associated with Incomplete Arthrogryposis-Renal Dysfunction-Cholestasis Phenotype
Authors: Agakidou Eleni , Agakidis Charalampos , Kambouris Marios , Printza Nicoleta , Farini Maria , Vourda Elina , Gerou Spyridon , Sarafidis Kosmas
Published: September 2020

Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the VPS33B encoding the vacuolar protein sorting 33B (VPS33B), which is involved in the intracellular protein sorting and vesicular trafficking. We report a rare case of ARC syndrome without arthrogryposis caused by a novel mutation of VPS33B. A female patient of Greek origin presented on the 14th day of life with renal tubular acidosis, Fanconi syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and cholestasis with normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, without arthrogryposis and dysmorphic features. She was born to apparently healthy, nonconsanguineous parents. Additional features included dry and scaling skin, generalized hypotonia, hypoplastic corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental delay, failure to thrive, short stature, recurrent febrile episodes with and without infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding. DNA testing revealed that the patient was homozygous for the novel c.1098_1099delTG (p.Glu367Alafs∗17) mutation of exon 14 of VPS33B gene (NM_018668) on chromosome 15q26.1, leading to a nonsense frameshift variant of VPS33B with premature termination of translation. Her parents were heterozygous for the same VPS33B mutation. The prognosis was predictably poor in the context of the intractable polyuria necessitating long-term parenteral fluid administration via indwelling central catheter leading to catheter-related sepsis, to which she eventually succumbed at the age of 7 months. This is the first published VPS33B mutation in an ARC patient of Greek origin. The current case adds to the spectrum of ARC-associated VPS33B mutations and provides evidence supporting the existence of incomplete ARC phenotype. Increased awareness and early genetic testing for ARC are suggested in cases with isolated cholestasis and/or renal tubular dysfunction, even in the absence of arthrogryposis.
Diagnostic and Predictive Values of Inflammatory Factors in Pathology and Survival of Patients Undergoing Total Cystectomy
Authors: Tang Xingxing , Cao Yudong , Liu Jia , Wang Shuo , Yang Yong , Du Peng
Published: September 2020

Background. Inflammation and tumorigenesis are related. We conducted this study to evaluate whether inflammatory factors (IFs) have a diagnostic value for pathology and a predictive value for survival and recurrence in bladder cancer patients undergoing total cystectomy. Methods. The patients who were diagnosed with bladder cancer and underwent total cystectomy in our center from 2014 to 2020 were enrolled. The values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were calculated by blood routine test results before operation. The AUC of ROC was calculated to judge the diagnostic value of the IFs in pathology and their corresponding cut-off values. For overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), the above IFs were grouped according to the cut-off value. The differences between different groups were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curves, and the predictive value of these IFs was determined by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results. A total of 79 patients were enrolled. All IFs had no diagnostic value for the pathological grade, tumor T stage, and systemic metastasis. Only NLR (AUC=0.706, cut‐off value=3.12, sensitivity=75.00%, specificity=70.00%, P=0.014), dNLR (AUC=0.700, cut‐off value=2.49, sensitivity=66.67%, specificity=76.67%, P=0.015), and SII (AUC=0.704, cut‐off value=463.56, sensitivity=100.00%, specificity=40.00%, P=0.004) had a diagnostic value for lymph node metastasis. The median follow-up time was 31 months, and there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups for all IFs. For RFS, Kaplan-Meier suggested PLR might be predictive when the cut-off value was 266.70 (P=0.044), but the subsequent Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that all IFs had no predictive value for OS and RFS. Conclusions. We found that in patients undergoing total cystectomy preoperative NLR, dNLR and SII had a diagnostic value for lymph node metastasis, while all these five IFs had no predictive value for OS and RFS. However, this conclusion needs to be further verified by large-scale studies in the future.
Automatic Prediction of MGMT Status in Glioblastoma via Deep Learning‐Based MR Image Analysis
Authors: Chen Xin , Zeng Min , Tong Yichen , Zhang Tianjing , Fu Yan , Li Haixia , Zhang Zhongping , Cheng Zixuan , Xu Xiangdong , Yang Ruimeng , Liu Zaiyi , Wei Xinhua , Jiang Xinqing
Published: September 2020

Methylation of the O6‐methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter is correlated with the effectiveness of the current standard of care in glioblastoma patients. In this study, a deep learning pipeline is designed for automatic prediction of MGMT status in 87 glioblastoma patients with contrast‐enhanced T1W images and 66 with fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR) images. The end‐to‐end pipeline completes both tumor segmentation and status classification. The better tumor segmentation performance comes from FLAIR images (Dice score, 0.897 ± 0.007) compared to contrast‐enhanced T1WI (Dice score, 0.828 ± 0.108), and the better status prediction is also from the FLAIR images (accuracy, 0.827 ± 0.056; recall, 0.852 ± 0.080; precision, 0.821 ± 0.022; and F1 score, 0.836 ± 0.072). This proposed pipeline not only saves the time in tumor annotation and avoids interrater variability in glioma segmentation but also achieves good prediction of MGMT methylation status. It would help find molecular biomarkers from routine medical images and further facilitate treatment planning.
Association of the rs562556 PCSK9 Gene Polymorphism with Reduced Mortality in Severe Malaria among Malian Children
Authors: Fedoryak Olesya , Arama Charles , Diarra Issa , Kouriba Bouréma , Chrétien Michel , Mbikay Majambu
Published: September 2020

Recent evidence suggests that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a downmodulator of cellular uptake of blood cholesterol, also negatively impacts host immune response to microbial infection. In this study, we investigated whether carrying the loss-of-function (LOF) rs562556 (c.1420 A > G; p.I474 V) PCSK9 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affected the outcome of severe malaria in children. Archival DNA of a cohort of 207 Malian children suffering from severe malaria was genotyped for the rs562556 SNP. Sixty-four children were either heterozygous or homozygous for the minor G allele (carriers); 143 children were homozygous for the common A allele (noncarriers). Among carriers, there was one mortality case (1.6%), compared to 15 cases (10.5%) among noncarriers (p=0.0251), suggesting that the G allele is associated with better survival in severe malaria. Intriguingly, this allele did not negatively segregate with any of the clinical symptoms linked to mortality in this cohort. Studies are needed to determine whether PCSK9 inactivation promotes a protective immune response to malaria infection.
Influence of Student Depression on the Spread of Public Opinion in University
Authors: Min Nie , Lei Yang , Weimin Luo , Yang Guowu , Xia Hu
Published: September 2020

In this study, we examined the impact of college students’ mental health on their social behavior. A social network was identified based on the behavior of college students sharing a meal. We analyzed the impact of depression on the structure of this network and found that students without obvious depressive symptoms, based on the test data of the SCL-90 Assessment Scale, were better at socializing than students with obvious depressive symptoms. We proposed a public opinion spreading model on social networks and formulated a heterogeneous mean-field theory to describe it. Further, using computer simulation experiments, we studied the impact of students’ mental health on the process of information propagation in college. The results of the experiments showed that students without obvious depressive symptoms were more likely to receive information than students with obvious depressive symptoms. Based on the results of our study, college psychological consultants can actively identify students who may be at risk of mental illness and give them attention and guidance.
Genetic Polymorphisms ofMMP1,MMP9,COL1A1, andCOL1A2in Polish Patients with Thoracic Aortopathy
Authors: Gorący Iwona , Grudniewicz Seweryn , Safranow Krzysztof , Ciechanowicz Andrzej , Jakubiszyn Paweł , Gorący Anna , Brykczyński Mirosław
Published: September 2020

Background. The pathogenesis of thoracic aortopathy is complex, and much evidence suggests the influence of genetic factors. Some genes with polymorphisms are widely considered critical factors in the initiation and development of aortic aneurysm. The aim of our study was to analyze the association of genetic polymorphisms ofMMP1rs1799750 (c.-1607G>GG),MMP9rs3918242 (c.-1562C>T),COL1A1rs1800012 (c.1245G>T), andCOL1A2rs42524 (c.1645G>C) with predisposition to thoracic aortopathy in Polish patients and with clinical characteristics of these patients.Methods. The study was carried out with 96 patients with thoracic aortopathy (47 patients with ascending aortic aneurysm and 49 patients with thoracic aortic dissection) and 61 control subjects without thoracic aortopathy. TheMMP1,MMP9,COL1A1, andCOL1A2polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP.Results. No significant differences in the frequency distributions ofMMP1,MMP9,COL1A1, andCOL1A2genotypes or alleles were found (1) between the control group and patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (AsAA), (2) between the control group and patients with thoracic aortic dissection (TAD), or (3) between AsAA and TAD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed thatMMP1andMMP9polymorphisms were associated with the degree of aortic valve regurgitation.Conclusion. The results of our study did not support associations betweenMMP1,MMP9,COL1A1, andCOL1A2genetic variants with the risk of thoracic artery disease in Polish patients. However, rs1799750MMP1and rs3918242MMP9seem to be associated with the degree of aortic regurgitation.
Behavioral Profiles and Attitude toward Condom Use among College Students in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yosef Tewodros , Nigussie Tadesse
Published: September 2020

Background. Unsafe sexual behavior among adolescents still represents a public health challenge. To have safe sex, effective condom utilization is needed. Condom use remains relatively low among adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa. Even though adolescents have good knowledge about condom use, they are still engaged in risky sexual behavior. Objective. To assess condom use and attitude toward condom use among college students in southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 453 students at Mizan‐Aman Polytechnic College in southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured self‐administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered using EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was computed. Independent variables with a p value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model were considered significant. Results. Of the 453, 180 were sexually active. Among those sexually active, 119 (66.1%) used condoms in their last sexual intercourse. The proportion of positive attitude toward condom use was 53.4%, and the mean attitude score for condom use was 28.6 (±9.99 SD) ranging from 10 to 50. The study also found that being male (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.19‐2.65]), rural resident (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI [1.47‐3.30]), ever had sex (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI [1.23‐2.85]), and knowledge of STIs (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.10‐2.51]) were factors associated with a positive attitude toward condom use. Conclusion. The proportion of positive attitude toward condom use among college students in Ethiopia was low. The study also found that being male, rural resident, ever had sex, and knowledge of STIs were factors associated with a positive attitude toward condom use. Therefore, strengthening information, education, and communication (IEC) on condom self‐efficacy; providing condoms on campuses; and imparting education about sexually transmitted infections for young adults are central for improving condom use and attitudes toward condom use. Besides, inculcating sexual and reproductive health in the educational curriculum plays paramount importance.
Assessment of Scleral and Conjunctival Thickness of the Eye after Ultrasound Ciliary Plasty
Authors: Bolek Bartłomiej , Wylęgała Adam , Wylęgała Edward
Published: September 2020

Purpose. This study aims to assess scleral and conjunctival thickness using optical coherence tomography after ultrasound ciliary plasty (UCP) procedure with reference to scleral marks appearing in the area where the ultrasound energy was applied. Materials and Methods. Seventy-eight patients with primary and secondary refractory glaucoma participated in this study. Complete ophthalmic examinations including measurements of scleral and conjunctival thickness were performed preoperatively and at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. The parameters were determined using the Swept Source OCT with anterior attachment. Thirty-eight patients (58 scleral marks—23 superior and 35 inferior) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and completed the follow-up period of 24 months. Results. The mean ± SD scleral and conjunctival thickness in superior scleral mark before the procedure and at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the procedure was 684.57 ± 83.58 μm, 771.78 ± 112.03 μm (p<0.001), 771.74 ± 100.12 μm (p<0.001), 731.38 ± 83.92 μm (p=0.012), 719.52 ± 73.20 μm (p=0.037), 702.91 ± 66.50 μm (p=0.247), 694.13 ± 72.22 μm (p=0.482), and 699.35 ± 70.68 μm (p=0.200), respectively. The mean ± SD scleral and conjunctival thickness in inferior scleral mark before the procedure and at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the procedure was 816.86 ± 79.30 μm, 936.37 ± 107.33 μm (p<0.001), 946.00 ± 130.40 μm (p<0.001), 896.63 ± 123.40 μm (p<0.001), 877.69 ± 114.38 μm (p=0.003), 843.03 ± 71.55 μm (p=0.021), 811.86 ± 68.91 μm (p=0.731), and 805.03 ± 69.52 μm (p=0.248), respectively. The transient thickening of the sclera was observed after the procedure; however, after 12 months postoperatively, the parameters returned to the initial value and no significant difference was noted. Conclusion. The sclera thickness increases after UCP. However, with time the thickness reduces to its initial value with no significant difference. Clinical implication of the scleral changes lasts shorter than the measured significant difference in scleral thickness.
High‐Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate‐Intensity Continuous Training on Health Outcomes for Children and Adolescents: A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yin Jun , Zhou Zhixiong , Lan Tianwen
Published: September 2020

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered as an established risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, the effectiveness of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) in children and adolescents remained uncertain. Electronic databases of the PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the role of HIIT versus MICT for children and adolescents throughout December 2019. Sixteen RCTs involving a total of 543 children were selected for final meta‐analysis. HIIT versus MICT showed high peak VO2 (weighted mean differences (WMD): 2.68; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.81 to 3.55; P < 0.001), and no evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was detected. However, there were no significant differences detected between HIIT and MICT on the levels of peak heart rate (HRmax), fat mass, free fat mass, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, insulinemia, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, HOMA‐IR, HbA1c, and leptinemia. The findings of this study revealed that HIIT versus MICT showed a significant improvement in peak VO2 in children and adolescents. Further large‐scale RCTs should be conducted to compare the long‐term effects of HIIT versus MICT in children and adolescents.
Pedra da Memória: Euclides Talabyan, minha universidade é o tempo
Authors: D'Amato Andréa Silva
Published: September 2020

Resenha de Amaral, Renata. 2012. Pedra da Memória: Euclides Talabyan, minha universidade é o tempo.O livro Pedra da memória: Euclides Talabyan, minha universidade é o tempo, de autoria da pesquisadora Renata Amaral, foi publicado em 2012 e faz parte de um projeto maior, que engloba também um documentário em vídeo e uma exposição que percorreu várias cidades brasileiras. A publicação trilíngue (português, inglês e francês) tem capa dura, formato quadrado (29 cm × 29 cm), 240 páginas e impressão de alta qualidade.
Deixa na régua: estética e sociabilidade em barbearias do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Faria Debora Costa de
Published: September 2020

DOMINGOS, Emilio. Deixa na régua. 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 73 min.
Deixa na régua (2016) é uma espécie de desdobramento do trabalho anterior de Emílio Domingos, A Batalha do Passinho (2012). No filme, mais uma vez, o diretor privilegia as estéticas criadas em espaços físicos e simbólicos de lugares afastados e muitas vezes pouco valorizados das grandes cidades. Faz isso ao desvendar as relações (não apenas comerciais) que são construídas entre barbeiros e seus clientes nos subúrbios e periferias do Rio de Janeiro.
Que samba é esse? Samba and batucada in Barcelona, Espanha
Authors: Coradini Lisabete
Published: September 2020

Trata-se de um estudo sobre cenas musicais e transnacionalização. Analisei como a internacionalização da música brasileira e a chegada de imigrantes brasileiros proporcionaram a criação de novos espaços sonoros e novas maneiras de viver a música na cidade de Barcelona, na Espanha. Realizei um mapeamento de cenas musicais do samba, do samba-reggae e da batucada. Para realizar esta pesquisa, foram utilizados procedimentos metodológicos baseados em observação participante, entrevistas, registro audiovisual e audição de rádio. As análises teóricas seguiram os princípios e ferramentas da antropologia urbana, antropologia sonora e audiovisual. Esta pesquisa é fruto de um intenso trabalho etnográfico realizado entre os meses de junho de 2017 e julho de 2018.
Experiência mais que humana com Outro Fogo
Authors: Figueiredo Felipe
Published: September 2020

Fagundes, Guilherme Moura. 2017. Outro fogo. Brasília, DF, Brazil, color, 21’, digital format. Accessed October 10, 2019. https://vimeo.com/313635468

Esta resenha do filme Outro fogo (2017), de Guilherme Moura Fagundes, leva em consideração o ponto de vista do autor como espectador privilegiado, desde as imagens na tela até a experiência sensorial e narrativa construída ao longo do filme. Nos deparamos com uma questão: o que é o medo? Ao longo da narrativa nos confrontamos com ambientes em chamas e práticas sociotécnicas de manejo do fogo, colocando questões para nós mesmos acerca de nossos sentimentos e práticas em relação ao meio ambiente. Somos convidados a experienciar este outro fogo, diferente daquele que destrói as matas, através da narrativa fílmica construída pelo autor.
The artist and the stone: projeto, processo e valor na arte contemporânea
Authors: Sansi Roger
Published: September 2020

As práticas da arte contemporânea são frequentemente descritas ou como projetos ou como processos. Mas quando é possível dizer que um projeto ou processo artístico está finalizado? Como é avaliado? Este se torna um produto? Neste artigo, apresentarei uma obra de arte específica, The Artist and the Stone, onde um artista e um bloco de pedra de 22 toneladas foram trazidos da Palestina até Barcelona, Espanha. Por meio deste exemplo, irei explorar as diferentes temporalidades entre processo, projeto e produto na arte contemporânea. Minha premissa é que processo, projeto e produto são, frequentemente, justapostos de maneiras contraditórias em uma tensão contínua que acaba por revelar uma contradição mais profunda entre arte como forma de valor e arte como forma de vida.Tradução do texto The artist and the stone: project, process and value in contemporary art, de Roger Sansi, feita por Lindolfo Sancho.
Editorial
Authors: Barbosa Andrea , Cunha Edgar Teodoro da , Giesbrecht Érica , Barbosa Francirosy Campos , Dawsey John Cowart , Lopes Paula Morgado Dias , Hijiki Rose Satiko Gitirana , Novaes Sylvia Caiuby , Grunvald Vitor
Published: September 2020

Editorial do Volume 5 da GIS - Gesto, Imagem e Som - Revista de Antropologia.
von Willebrand Factor Is a Critical Mediator of Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Michels Alison , Dwyer Courtney N. , Mewburn Jeffrey , Nesbitt Kate , Kawecki Charlotte , Lenting Peter , Swystun Laura L. , Lillicrap David
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and consequentially a hypercoagulable state, associating with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. Increased VWF (von Willebrand factor) plasma concentration and procoagulant function are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism and are elevated in obese patients. Here, we explore the pathobiological role of VWF in obesity-associated venous thrombosis using murine models.

Approach and Results:

We first showed that diet-induced obese mice have increased VWF plasma levels and FVIII (factor VIII) activity compared with littermate controls. Elevated VWF levels appeared to be because of both increased synthesis and impaired clearance. Diet-induced obesity-associated venous thrombosis was assessed using the inferior vena cava-stenosis model of deep vein thrombosis. Diet-induced obese mice developed larger venous thrombi that were rich in VWF, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. Administering a polyclonal anti-VWF antibody or an anti-VWF A1 domain nanobody was protective against obesity-mediated thrombogenicity. Delayed administration (3 hours post–inferior vena cava stenosis) similarly reduced thrombus weight in diet-induced obese mice.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the critical role of VWF in the complex, thrombo-inflammatory state of obesity. It adds to the growing rationale for targeting VWF-specific interactions in thrombotic disease.
Can Female Doctors Cure the Gender STEMM Gap? Evidence from Exogenously Assigned General Practitioners
Authors: Riise Julie , Willage Barton , Willén Alexander
Published: September 2020

We use exogenously assigned general practitioners to study the effects of female role models on girls' educational outcomes. Girls who are exposed to female general practitioners are more likely to sort into male-dominated education programs in high school, most notably science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). These effects persist as they enter college and select majors. The effects are larger for high-ability girls with low-educated mothers, suggesting that female role models improve intergenerational mobility and narrow the gifted gap. This demonstrates that role model effects in education need not involve individuals in the classroom but can arise due to everyday interactions with medical professionals.
Infantilizing Companion Animals through Attachment Theory: Why Shift to Behavioral Ecology-Based Paradigms for Welfare
Authors: Lewis Amelia
Published: September 2020

Attachment theory, proposed in the 1950s to understand the development of parent-child relationships, is often applied to human–companion animal relationships. I argue the application of this paradigm to test nonhuman animals’ social bonds with humans infantilizes mature animals and has a detrimental impact on animal welfare. The premise is that Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test is inappropriate to investigate the emotional ties between domestic animals and humans. Instead, I propose an alternative theory, that dogs form mature social bonds with their guardians, and that the phenomenon known as separation anxiety is the result either of the frustration of mature adult group behaviors, or an overdependency fostered by the guardian. Rather than view mature dogs as comparable to human infants in their social relationships, we should perceive them as socially and emotionally mature at adulthood and shift the focus from attachment-based paradigms to the behavioral ecology and cognition of companion animals.
What is the History of Anger a History of?
Authors: Dixon Thomas
Published: September 2020

This essay uses the history of emotions to make two arguments – one destructive and one constructive. It uses examples from intellectual and cultural history to undermine the idea that the modern English term ‘anger’ refers either to a clearly defined mental state or to a coherent emotional concept. At the same time, it also questions the diagnosis of the present as an ‘age of anger’. Constructively, the essay uses the intellectual and cultural ancestries of modern ‘anger’ as a case-study in a distinctive approach to the history of emotions. With reference to works by linguists and anthropologists, to ancient philosophical and literary texts, and to some of the most influential visual representations of the irate body and the furious face, from Hieronymus Bosch to Charles Darwin, the essay explains and defends a pluralist and interdisciplinary approach, arguing that ‘anger’ is a modern English word without a stable transhistorical referent, and proposes the method of genealogical anatomy as a way to avoid the twin dangers of anachronism and essentialism in the history of emotions.
Muck, Mummies and Medicine: Disgust in Early Modern Science
Authors: Schober Sarah-Maria
Published: September 2020

This essay shows that early modern practices that used human bodily matter cannot be – as hitherto – explained by the absence of the emotion of disgust nor as being conducted in spite of disgust. Instead, it proposes to read those practices’ changing history as part of the history of the ‘paradox of disgust’. Four case studies (on anatomy, excrement, mummies and skulls) demonstrate that disgust was highly productive: it attracted fascination, allowed physicians to fashion themselves, and was even believed capable of healing. Over time and for complex reasons, however, the productive side of disgust declined. Combining current approaches in the history of emotions and material culture studies, this essay sets out not only to propose a new narrative for the changing role of disgust in early modern science and societies, but also to explore how variations in settings and human intervention changed the way emotions were used and perceived.
Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)
Authors: PIVAR ROBERT J. , SINCLAIR BRADLEY J. , MOULTON JOHN K.
Published: September 2020

The Austrothaumalea fauna of South America is revised and includes five species: A. apicalis Edwards, A. chilensis Edwards, A. fredericki Pivar sp. nov., A. setipennis Edwards stat. rev. and A. spatulata Schmid. The genus Oterere McLellan syn. nov. is considered a new junior synonym of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir on the basis of several shared apomorphic characters. All previously described South American species are redescribed, including females where possible. Illustrations and micrographs of all species are provided, as well as distribution maps, keys to genera and species, and discussions regarding phylogenetic affinities.
A new species of the aphid genus Uroleucon from Lebanon, with notes on the systematic positions of U. altaicum, U. bielawskii and U. mulgedii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: KANTURSKI MARIUSZ , BARJADZE SHALVA
Published: September 2020

Here we present a description of a new aphid species—Uroleucon (Uroleucon) lebanonense sp. nov. associated with Tragopogon coloratus (Asteraceae) in Lebanon. Apterous and alate viviparous females of the new species are described and illustrated, and compared with the morphologically similar species Uroleucon (U.) mongolicum Holman, 1975. An identification key to Palaearctic Uroleucon species with three setae on the first tarsal segment is provided. On the basis of the re-examination of the type material, we propose to restore the valid species status of U. (U.) altaicum Szelegiewicz, 1982 bona species which was regarded as a synonym of U. mulgedii (Nevsky, 1928). Additionally, we propose transfer of U. (U.) altaicum, U. (U.) bielawskii (Szelegiewicz, 1962) and U. (U.) mulgedii to the subgenus Lambersius Olive.
Two new cave-dwelling species of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin 1929 (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from the Guizhou karst, China
Authors: GAO ZHIZHONG , ZHANG FENG , CHEN HUIMING
Published: September 2020

Two new troglomorphic pseudoscorpion species, Tyrannochthonius harveyi, sp. nov. and Tyrannochthonius zhai, sp. nov., are described from the dark zone of caves in the tower karst of the Guizhou Province in China. Both species are presently known only from single caves and are likely to have very restricted distribution ranges.
Two new species of the ghost spider genus Macrophyes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 from Colombia and description of the first male of Mesilla Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae)
Authors: MARTÍNEZ LEONEL , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO DOMINGOS , OLIVEIRA LUIZ FERNANDO M.
Published: September 2020

Two new species of the elongated-body ghost spider genus Macrophyes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 from Colombia are herein described and illustrated: Macrophyes sanzi n. sp. known by both sexes from Chocó department and Macrophyes ceratii n. sp. by females from Santander department. Additionally, the male of Mesilla vittiventris Simon, 1903 is described for the first time based on specimens from Nariño and Cauca departments, Colombia. A distribution map for the species herein reported is included.
Two new species of the genus Neoheterospilus Belokobylskij, 2006 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Yemen
Authors: BELOKOBYLSKIJ S.A.
Published: September 2020

Two new species of the genus Neoheterospilus Belokobylskij, 2006, N. (N.) alkowdi sp. nov. and N. (N.) yemenus sp. nov., are described and illustrated from Yemen. An updated key for determination of the Neoheterospilus (Neoheterospilus s. str.) species is provided.
Retinoic Acid-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticle Formulation of ApoB-100-Derived Peptide 210 Attenuates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yi Xianwen , Wang Ying , Jia Zhenquan , Hiller Sylvia , Nakamura Jun , Luft J. Christopher , Tian Shaomin , DeSimone Joseph M.
Published: September 2020

We developed a vaccine formulation containing ApoB derived P210 peptides as autoantigens, retinoic acid (RA) as an immune enhancer, both of which were delivered using PLGA nanoparticles. The formula was used to induce an immune response in 12-week-old male Apoe–/–
mice with pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions. The nanotechnology platform PRINT® was used to fabricate PLGA nanoparticles that encapsulated RA inside and adsorbed the P210 onto the particle surface. In this study, we demonstrated that immunization of Apoe–/–
mice with the formulation was able to considerably attenuate atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by increased P210 specific IgM and another oxidized lipid derived autoantigen, M2AA, specific IgG autoantibodies, and decreased the inflammatory response, as compared to the P210 group with Freund's
adjuvant. Our formulation represents an exciting technology to enhance the efficacy of the P210 vaccine.
"Fullarazirman" Nano Water Soluble Fullerene C60-Manganese (II) Tri-Adduct Complex with Anti-Cancer Activity Comparable to Doxorubicin
Authors: Thakur Sujeet Kumar , Saha Saibal , Guchhait Prasenjit , Eswaran Sambasivan Venkat
Published: September 2020

There is continued interest in Nano Carbon Materials (NCMs) and two of these, Fullerene C60 and Graphene have received Nobel prizes. Low solubility in most solvents has been a stumbling block in their industrial use. We report here the successful synthesis of a new water
soluble tri-adduct of Fullerene C60 using a two-step procedure to obtain the water soluble s-Tri-(1-aziridino-2, 3-dimethoxy-benzene-5-carboxylato-6-carboxylic acid)-H-Fullerene C60-Manganese (II) Complex ( III ). Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry
(MALDI-MS) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies critically helped recognize the presence of an atom of Manganese in the complex. The new complex was also characterized by Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis.). Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray
analysis (EDAX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction. The new compound has been shown to possess anti-cancer activity comparable to Doxorubicin, currently the most used anti-cancer drug. This new water soluble Fullerene C60-Manganese
(II) tri-adduct complex ( III ) thus holds much promise for the fields of biology, biochemistry, medicine, and materials science.
Physicochemical Characterization, Toxicity and In Vivo Biodistribution Studies of a Discoidal, Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Vehicle: Lipodisq Nanoparticles Containing Doxorubicin
Authors: Torgersen Maria Lyngaas , Judge Peter J. , Bada Juarez Juan F. , Pandya Abhilash D. , Fusser Markus , Davies Charlie W. , Maciejewska Matylda K. , Yin Daniel J. , Maelandsmo Gunhild M. , Skotland Tore , Watts Anthony , Sandvig Kirsten
Published: September 2020

Many promising pharmaceutically active compounds have low solubility in aqueous environments and their encapsulation into efficient drug delivery vehicles is crucial to increase their bioavailability. Lipodisq nanoparticles are approximately 10 nm in diameter and consist of a circular
phospholipid bilayer, stabilized by an annulus of SMA (a hydrolysed copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride). SMA is used extensively in structural biology to extract and stabilize integral membrane proteins for biophysical studies. Here, we assess the potential of these nanoparticles as
drug delivery vehicles, determining their cytotoxicity and the in vivo excretion pathways of their polymer and lipid components. Doxorubicin-loaded Lipodisqs were cytotoxic across a panel of cancer cell lines, whereas nanoparticles without the drug had no effect on cell proliferation.
Intracellular doxorubicin release from Lipodisqs in HeLa cells occurred in the low-pH environment of the endolysosomal system, consistent with the breakdown of the discoidal structure as the carboxylate groups of the SMA polymer become protonated. Biodistribution studies in mice showed that,
unlike other nanoparticles injected intravenously, most of the Lipodisq components were recovered in the colon, consistent with rapid uptake by hepatocytes and excretion into bile. These data suggest that Lipodisqs have the potential to act as delivery vehicles for drugs and contrast agents.
Comparison of Local, Regional, and Scaling Models for Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Analysis
Authors: Mascaro Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) analyses of rainfall extremes provide critical information to mitigate, manage, and adapt to urban flooding. The accuracy and uncertainty of IDF analyses depend on the availability of historical rainfall records, which are more accessible at daily resolution and, quite often, are very sparse in developing countries. In this work, we quantify performances of different IDF models as a function of the number of available high-resolution (Nτ) and daily (N24h) rain gauges. For this aim, we apply a cross-validation framework that is based on Monte Carlo bootstrapping experiments on records of 223 high-resolution gauges in central Arizona. We test five IDF models based on (two) local, (one) regional, and (two) scaling frequency analyses of annual rainfall maxima from 30-min to 24-h durations with the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. All models exhibit similar performances in simulating observed quantiles associated with return periods up to 30 years. When Nτ > 10, local and regional models have the best accuracy; bias correcting the GEV shape parameter for record length is recommended to estimate quantiles for large return periods. The uncertainty of all models, evaluated via Monte Carlo experiments, is very large when Nτ ≤ 5; however, if N24h ≥ 10 additional daily gauges are available, the uncertainty is greatly reduced and accuracy is increased by applying simple scaling models, which infer estimates on subdaily rainfall statistics from information at daily scale. For all models, performances depend on the ability to capture the elevation control on their parameters. Although our work is site specific, its results provide insights to conduct future IDF analyses, especially in regions with sparse data.
Mountain Waves Produced by a Stratified Shear Flow with a Boundary Layer. Part II: Form Drag, Wave Drag, and Transition from Downstream Sheltering to Upstream Blocking
Authors: Lott François , Deremble Bruno , Soufflet Clément
Published: September 2020

The nonhydrostatic version of the mountain flow theory presented in Part I is detailed. In the near-neutral case, the surface pressure decreases when the flow crosses the mountain to balance an increase in surface friction along the ground. This produces a form drag that can be predicted qualitatively. When stratification increases, internal waves start to control the dynamics and the drag is due to upward-propagating mountain waves as in Part I. The reflected waves nevertheless add complexity to the transition. First, when stability increases, upward-propagating waves and reflected waves interact destructively and low-drag states occur. When stability increases further, the interaction becomes constructive and high-drag states are reached. In very stable cases, the reflected waves do not affect the drag much. Although the drag gives a reasonable estimate of the Reynolds stress, its sign and vertical profile are profoundly affected by stability. In the near-neutral case, the Reynolds stress in the flow is positive, with a maximum around the top of the inner layer, decelerating the large-scale flow in the inner layer and accelerating it above. In the more stable cases, on the contrary, the large-scale flow above the inner layer is decelerated as expected for dissipated mountain waves. The structure of the flow around the mountain is also strongly affected by stability: it is characterized by nonseparated sheltering in the near-neutral cases, by upstream blocking in the very stable case, and at intermediate stability by the presence of a strong but isolated wave crest immediately downstream of the ridge.
Emerging from crisis: Sweden’s active labour market policy and vulnerable groups
Authors: Kantová Marcela , Arltová Markéta
Published: September 2020

Sweden has adopted an Active Labour Market Policy as a means of transitioning out of the economic crisis created by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The approach is to a significant extent reminiscent of that adopted following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). The article examines the effectiveness of active labour market policy in Sweden over the period 2007–2012. By analysing these earlier policy outcomes, the aim is to assess the success of active labour market policy more broadly. The hypothesis that greater labour market flexibility allows the labour market policy to be more efficient is evaluated. With a focus on the labour supply, possible reasons for the reduced efficiency of state interventions are outlined using regression models. Conclusions derived from the models point to the failure of earlier Swedish active labour market policy towards the vulnerable groups of the unemployed, unemployed women and men aged 15–19 years and the long-term unemployed.
Substitutional impurities in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride as single-photon emitters
Authors: Re Fiorentin Michele , Kiprono Kiptiemoi Korir , Risplendi Francesca
Published: September 2020

Single-photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride have attracted great attention over the last few years due to their excellent optoelectronical properties. Despite the vast range of results reported in the literature, studies on substitutional impurities belonging to the 13th and 15th groups have not been reported yet. Here, through theoretical modeling, we provide direct evidence that hexagonal boron nitride can be opportunely modified by introducing impurity atoms such as aluminum or phosphorus that may work as color centers for single-photon emission. By means of density functional theory, we focus on determining the structural stability, induced strain, and charge states of such defects and discuss their electronic properties. Nitrogen substitutions with heteroatoms of group 15 are shown to provide attractive features (e.g. deep defect levels and localized defect states) for single-photon emission. These results may open up new possibilities for employing innovative quantum emitters based on hexagonal boron nitride for emerging applications in nanophotonics and nanoscale sensing devices.
Enhancing the Electrochemical Properties of LaCoO3 by Sr-Doping, rGO-Compounding with Rational Design for Energy Storage Device
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yu Chuanfu , Li Zijiong
Published: September 2020

Perovskite oxides, as a kind of functional materials, have been widely studied in recent years due to its unique physical, chemical, and electrical properties. Here, we successfully prepared perovskite-type LaCoO3 (LCOs) nanomaterials via an improved sol-gel method followed by calcination, and investigated the influence of calcination temperature and time on the morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of LaCoO3 nanomaterials. Then, based on the optimal electrochemical performance of LCO-700-4 electrode sample, the newly synthesized nanocomposites of Sr-doping (LSCO-0.2) and rGO-compounding (rGO@LCO) through rational design exhibited a 1.45-fold and 2.03-fold enhancement in its specific capacitance (specific capacity). The rGO@LCO electrode with better electrochemical performances was further explored by assembling rGO@LCO//rGO asymmetric supercapacitor system (ASS) with aqueous electrolyte. The result showed that the ASS delivers a high energy density of 17.62 W h kg−1 and an excellent cyclic stability with 94.48% of initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles, which are good electrochemical performances among aqueous electrolytes for green and new efficient energy storage devices.
Broken basket conundrum
Authors: Sockkalingam Vigneswara Srinivasan Venkatachalap , Palathullil Datson George , Radhakrishnan Vijay , Palathullil George Abraham
Published: September 2020

Background

Broken basket during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a known complication. The literature regarding this common complication is limited. We report a case of broken basket and explain the technique by which we retrieved the broken basket fragment that was entrapped around the calculus. We also analyze at the prevention strategies and better management strategies.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old male underwent RIRS for a 2-cm right renal lower calyceal calculus. A tipless nitinol stone basket got broken and distal part got entrapped around the calculus when basketing was attempted. We proceeded with stone fragmentation by RIRS. After complete stone fragmentation, another tipless nitinol stone basket was used to grab the broken tip of distal basket fragment which was lying in the renal pelvis. The broken basket fragment could be retrieved out in toto.

Conclusions

Basketing large lower calyceal calculus should be attempted with caution. Partial or complete fragmentation of large calculus is preferable before basketing attempt. If the calculus is entrapped rather than forceful pulling, cutting the basket proximally near to the handle, followed by stone fragmentation, could minimize complications. Locating the broken tip of the basket fragment and grasping it makes the retrieval easier and safer.
Assessment of infection in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: risk factors and main characteristics
Authors: Lin Chenyao , Shen Hui , Zhou Shuimei , Liu Minghui , Xu Anjie , Huang Shuang , Shen Changxin , Zhou Fuling
Published: September 2020

Background

Infection is a leading cause of morbidity and death in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The increased susceptibility to infection is complicated and multifactorial. However, no studies have explored the spectrum and risk factors of infections in newly diagnosed MM patients at the first admission. This cross-sectional study aimed to provide ideas for the assessment, prevention and treatment of infection in newly diagnosed MM patients when admitted for the first time.

Methods

Retrospectively, the data from electronic medical records for 161 patients newly diagnosed with MM from May 2013 to December 2018 were analysed. All the information was collected at the time of admission, and the patients had received no antineoplastic therapy previously. Independent risk factors of infection in multiple myeloma were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Newly diagnosed patients with MM were highly susceptible to viruses (43.9%), especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (24.4%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (17.1%). Advanced stage (ISS stage III, P = 0.040), more severe anaemia (Hb < 90 g/L, P = 0.044) and elevated CRP (> 10 mg/L, P = 0.006) were independent risk factors for infection. Moreover, infections represented a major survival threat to patients with newly diagnosed MM (P = 0.033), and the existence of risk factors for infection was significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P = 0.011), especially ISS stage III (P = 0.008) and lower haemoglobin level (P = 0.039).

Conclusions

Newly diagnosed MM patients are highly susceptible to viruses. Advanced ISS stage, more severe anaemia and the elevation of CRP are independent risk factors of infection, which also have a strong impact on prognosis. Our results suggest that viral infection should be taken into account if antibacterial drugs are not effective, and the prevention of infection and improvement of prognosis should be paid more attention in newly diagnosed patents with advanced stage and more severe anaemia.