bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organellomic gradients in the fourth dimension
Authors: Hickey Kathleen , Nazarov Taras , Smertenko Andrei
Published: May 2023

Organelles function as hubs of cellular metabolism and elements of cellular architecture. In addition to 3 spatial dimensions that describe the morphology and localization of each organelle, the time dimension describes complexity of the organelle life cycle, comprising formation, maturation, functioning, decay, and degradation. Thus, structurally identical organelles could be biochemically different. All organelles present in a biological system at a given moment of time constitute the organellome. The homeostasis of the organellome is maintained by complex feedback and feedforward interactions between cellular chemical reactions and by the energy demands. Synchronized changes of organelle structure, activity, and abundance in response to environmental cues generate the fourth dimension of plant polarity. Temporal variability of the organellome highlights the importance of organellomic parameters for understanding plant phenotypic plasticity and environmental resiliency. Organellomics involves experimental approaches for characterizing structural diversity and quantifying the abundance of organelles in individual cells, tissues, or organs. Expanding the arsenal of appropriate organellomics tools and determining parameters of the organellome complexity would complement existing -omics approaches in comprehending the phenomenon of plant polarity. To highlight the importance of the fourth dimension, this review provides examples of organellome plasticity during different developmental or environmental situations.
Pain associated with psoriasis: a qualitative study
Authors: Sanader Vucemilovic Ana , Krnic Martinic Marina , Lazic Mosler Elvira , Puljak Livia
Published: May 2023

Background

Pain is a major factor in the psychosocial impact of psoriasis. There is a paucity of qualitative reports of dermatologists’ views on psoriasis-related pain.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the views of dermatologists on the presence and importance of pain associated with psoriasis.

Methods

This qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews, included dermatologists from different cities working in the hospital and private sector in Croatia between May and July, 2022. We collected demographic and occupational data on participants and information about their experiences and attitudes toward psoriasis-related pain. Data were analysed by applying interpretative descriptive and thematic analysis using the 4-stage method for systematic text condensation.

Results

We included 19 dermatologists, all women, aged 38 (range: 31 to 63 years). Most dermatologists acknowledged the presence of pain in patients with psoriasis. They indicated that they sometimes do not sufficiently address this pain in daily practice. Some indicated that pain was a neglected symptom in psoriasis, while for others it was not crucial. Most indicated that it is necessary to focus more on psoriasis-related pain in clinical practice, to disambiguate between skin pain and joint pain in psoriatic conditions, and to better educate family physicians about psoriasis-related pain. They emphasized the importance of considering pain during psoriatic patient assessment and management. Further research on psoriasis-related pain was suggested.

Conclusions

More emphasis is needed on psoriasis-related pain for effective management of psoriasis, informing decision-making in the context of patient-centric care and improving the quality of life in patients with psoriasis.
A Quantity-Driven Theory of Term Premia and Exchange Rates
Authors: Greenwood Robin , Hanson Samuel , Stein Jeremy C , Sunderam Adi
Published: May 2023

We develop a model in which specialized bond investors must absorb shocks to the supply and demand for long-term bonds in two currencies. Since long-term bonds and foreign exchange are both exposed to unexpected movements in short-term interest rates, a shift in the supply of long-term bonds in one currency influences the foreign exchange rate between the two currencies, as well as bond term premia in both currencies. Our model matches several important empirical patterns, including the comovement between exchange rates and term premia, and the finding that central banks’ quantitative easing policies affect exchange rates. An extension of our model links spot exchange rates to the persistent deviations from covered interest rate parity that have emerged since 2008.
0002 Impact of Acute, Isocaloric Time-Restricted Eating on Resting Metabolic Rate and Obesogenic Factors in Healthy Lean Adults
Authors: Lowry Catherine , Seward Sophie , Rynders Corey , Broussard Josiane
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary strategy in which energy is consumed over a 6-10h window during the day and is associated with reduced energy intake and subsequent weight loss in people with obesity. However, the impact of isocaloric TRE on obesogenic factors such as hormones related to hunger and appetite, as well as energy expenditure and metabolic rate is relatively unknown. We therefore investigated the impact of 1 week of isocaloric TRE on obesity-related outcomes including circulating leptin, ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY) and resting metabolic rate (RMR).

Methods

Thirteen healthy adults (8F, 26.9±3.9y, 23.3±2.1kg/m2) participated in a 2-week protocol. During Week 1, energy was consumed over a 13h period with meals individually anchored to habitual wake time and consumed at +1h, +6h, +11h and +14h after wake. For Week 2, participants were instructed to match energy intake from Week 1 but restrict intake to an 8h period (meals at +1h, +5h, and +9h after wake). At the end of each week, participants were admitted to the laboratory for an overnight stay. Blood samples were collected hourly overnight and assayed for leptin, ghrelin, and PYY. RMR was assessed using hood calorimetry immediately after wake.

Results

TRE was associated with a significant reduction in circulating leptin levels (p< 0.001) without changes in body weight (p=0.536), PYY or ghrelin levels. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) calculated from hood calorimetry was significantly lower during TRE (0.76 vs 0.81; p=0.04) despite no change in energy expenditure (p=0.478) suggesting a higher reliance on fat oxidation during TRE compared with habitual eating.

Conclusion

Reductions in leptin in conjunction with lower RER suggests that TRE promotes increased fat utilization as compared with habitual eating. Future studies should evaluate whether long-term isocaloric TRE is associated with reduced adipose tissue mass.

Support (if any)

This project was supported by R01DK125653.
0010 Circadian dysregulation of the cardiopulmonary system in a mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Koritala Bala , Lee Yin Yeng , Gaspar Laetita S , Smith Josette , Paulose Jiffin , Francey Lauren , Wu Gang , Ruben Marc , Smith David
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a condition that occurs in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep. This can cause a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) in the body. OSA is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, thought to increase the risk of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms behind these pathologic consequences are not well understood. We hypothesize that IH dysregulates the circadian system and heightens inflammatory responses through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), contributing to the end organ damage among patients with OSA. Here, we tested this hypothesis using a mouse model of OSA.

Methods

C57BL/6J background mice were exposed to normoxic or IH conditions for either seven days (short-term) or six weeks (long-term) under 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycles. After exposure, cardiopulmonary tissues were collected and processed to evaluate circadian transcriptomes, including among HIFs. We also measured protein levels of inflammatory mediators in the heart and lung to compare the effects of short- and long-term exposure to IH. In addition, we measured the real-time circadian physiology of blood pressure, heart rate, activity, and core body temperature using a DSI-telemetry system.

Results

We observed dysregulated circadian systems of the lung and heart following IH exposure. IH also had a negative impact on immune responses in the heart and lung tissue, resulting in a decrease in inflammatory mediators following short-term exposure. However, long-term exposure to IH had the opposite effect, causing an overall increase in inflammatory mediators that contribute to comorbid cardiopulmonary pathologies. In addition, we also observed altered circadian physiology, particularly a significant increase in core body temperature.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a dysregulated circadian system is associated with altered inflammatory responses in the heart and lung following IH exposure. Our study provides novel insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with IH and potential biomarkers for the identification of comorbid cardiopulmonary pathology.

Support (if any)

National Institutes of Health grants 5K08HL148551; Triological Society; and the CCHMC Procter Scholar Award.
0051 Samelisant, a H3 Receptor Inverse Agonist for the Potential Treatment of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Benade Vijay , Abraham Renny , Thentu Jagadeesh Babu , Petlu Surendra , Pandey Santosh Kumar , Badange Rajesh Kumar , Bojja Kumar , Subramanian Ramkumar
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Samelisant (SUVN-G3031) is a potent and selective histamine 3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist with hH3 Ki of 8.7 nM. Samelisant exhibited desired pharmacokinetic properties and favorable brain penetration in rodents. Preclinical studies demonstrated samelisant produced wake promoting and anticataplectic effects in orexin knockout mice. Additionally samelisant modulated neurotransmitters like histamine in brain indicating neurochemical basis for wake promoting effects. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) estimated to affect 20-50% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although non-treated PD patients exhibit EDS and sleep attacks, it is often associated with use of dopamine (DA) agonists, especially the recent non-ergot DA D2/3 agonists. Samelisant is currently being evaluated in a Phase-2 study as monotherapy for the treatment of EDS in patients with narcolepsy with or without cataplexy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04072380).

Methods

Hemiparkinsonism was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting 6-OHDA (12 µg/4 µL) unilaterally into the medial forebrain bundle, and telemetric device was implanted to monitor EEG, EMG and activity. Animals were allowed to recover for 3 weeks prior to initiating EEG recordings. Basal EEG was recorded for 1 hour prior to samelisant administration and EEG acquisition was continued for 6 hours post treatment. After a washout period of 1 week, rats were administered with the quinpirole (30 µg/kg, i.p.) followed by samelisant and EEG acquisition was continued for 6 hours. EEG recordings were processed for sleep stages using NeuroScore and sleep sign software (DSI, MN, USA).

Results

Hemiparkinsonian animals showed decrease in wake and increase in sleep time during dark phase. Treatment with samelisant (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant increase in cumulative wake period during first 3 hours post treatment. Treatment with quinpirole in hemiparkinsonian rats produced decrease in wake and increase in sleep time. Treatment with samelisant produced dose- dependent increase in wake with decrease in REM and NREM periods in quinpirole treated hemiparkinsonian rats.

Conclusion

The results from current preclinical studies indicate that samelisant may have a potential utility for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in PD patients.

Support (if any)
0083 Longitudinal sleep instability is associated with increased MRI-visible perivascular space burden
Authors: Keil Samantha , Piantino Juan , Luther Madison , Dennis Laura , Silbert Lisa , Schwartz Daniel , Willis Sherry , Lim Miranda , Iliff Jeffrey
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Emerging data from our group found longitudinal sleep variability within the Seattle Longitudinal Study was significantly associated with cognitive impairment and predicted cognitive impairment 10-years downstream. While this data supports a link between sleep instability, aging, and cognitive decline, the mechanism linking these processes is unknown. MRI-visible perivascular space (PVS) burden is a putative marker of glymphatic dysfunction, and previous studies suggest that sleep disruption is associated with PVS burden.

Methods

This a secondary analysis of subjects who a) participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study and b) had T1-weighted 3 T MRI and FLAIR scans available for PVS analysis (n=250). We evaluated the variability (standard deviation) in each participant’s longitudinal self-reported sleep duration. White matter MRI-visible PVS were evaluated with a semi-automated segmentation algorithm, accounting PVS total burden (number/cm3), volume (mm3/cm3), as well as average PVS width, length, and median volume across participants, blinded by group. Participants were stratified into low or high-sleep variability groups.

Results

Preliminary analysis (n=37) demonstrated a significant association between high sleep variability and increased whole-brain PVS burden (p=0.04), with low sleep variability participants exhibiting an average of 7 PVS and high sleep variability participants an average of 11.33. Follow-up analysis evaluated PVS features within the wider cohort.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that variability in longitudinal sleep duration may exert a previously unappreciated influence on pathological processes, potentially including glymphatic dysfunction. Future studies within this cohort will seek to evaluate longitudinal changes in PVS burden across longitudinally-collected MRIs. Additional studies should be performed evaluating these findings on an independent cohort to assess whether sleep variability of different time scales (weeks, years, decades) exerts similar effects on these outcomes.

Support (if any)
0092 Barriers and facilitators of sleep health in family caregivers of persons living with dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Spratling Regena , Brewster Glenna
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Family caregivers of persons with dementia (PLwD) commonly report poor sleep health. Existing effects of sleep interventions are mixed and may not have addressed unique issues experienced by caregivers of PLwD. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to get a good night's sleep for these caregivers is imperative for developing acceptable and effective interventions to improve sleep health in this population.

Methods

This was a secondary data analysis that used a qualitative descriptive design and aimed to explore sleep characteristics and experiences in family caregivers of PLwD. The current study used the same study design to explore barriers and facilitators of good sleep. Using a semi-structured interview, 19 family caregivers of PLwD who provided unpaid caregiving > 4 hours a day with insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index > 5) participated in this study. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Codes and themes were identified.

Results

Caregivers, on average, were 64 years old and primarily female (57.9%), Caucasian (68.4%), and spouses (78.9%). In general, caregivers of PLwD reported that the caregiving role negatively influenced and changed their sleep. Themes associated with barriers to good sleep included 1) PLwD’s sleep problems, including a need for increased vigilance for the PLwD, 2) stress associated with balancing work and family responsibilities with caregiving, and 3) caregiver's sleep problems, such as the use of CPAP, having a history of sleep problems before the caregiving role, and changes of sleep patterns with aging. Participating in regular exercise and practicing mindfulness activities (e.g., breathing, meditation or yoga) were themes associated with facilitators of good sleep. Maintaining good sleep hygiene habits (e.g., no caffeine and no daytime naps) and avoiding bad sleep hygiene habits (e.g., watching TV in the bedroom or using an electronic device in bed) were also identified as facilitators of good sleep.

Conclusion

Caregivers of PLwD reported poor sleep but identified multiple modifiable factors that could be used for interventions to improve sleep. These interventions can be at individual, dyadic, or family levels to best impact caregivers’ sleep.

Support (if any)

This study was supported by a research supplement to support diversity in health-related research awarded to Glenna Brewster (R01AG054079, PIs: Hepburn/Griffiths)
0098 Prenatal Maternal Sleep Quality Predicts Neonatal White Matter Microstructure and Infant Negative Emotionality
Authors: Nevarez-Brewster Melissa , Demers Catherine , Haase Mercedes Hoeflich , Al-Ali Khalid , Bagonis Maria , Gilmore John , Hoffman M Camille , Styner Martin , Hankin Benjamin , Davis Elysia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Poor prenatal sleep health is a pervasive reproductive health concern that informs the health of the mother and fetal development. Despite the almost ubiquitous nature of sleep disturbances across pregnancy, sleep health within pregnant populations, and its effects on the next generation, remain poorly studied. We recently showed that prenatal maternal sleep quality predicts newborn hippocampal volume. However, the relation between prenatal sleep quality and neonatal neural circuit development remains unknown. Changes in neonatal white matter microstructure presage compromised socioemotional and cognitive health, including the development of psychopathology and neurocognitive disorders, making it a plausible neurobiological pathway linking prenatal maternal sleep and offspring socioemotional health. This study first examined the relations between trajectories of prenatal maternal sleep quality and subsequent neonatal white matter integrity. We next evaluated whether neonatal white matter integrity partially mediates associations between prenatal sleep and infant negative emotionality.

Methods

Pregnant participants (n = 116) provided prospective and longitudinal data of prenatal maternal sleep quality at 16, 29, and 35 gestational weeks using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Neonatal (53% female) white matter integrity was assessed via diffusion weighed images using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Infant negative emotionality was collected at 6 postpartum months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire.

Results

Trajectories of prenatal maternal sleep quality predicted higher bilateral neonatal fractional anisotropy (FA) in the uncinate fasciculus (e.g., right: b = 0.15, p = .023). Further, higher uncinate FA predicted more infant negative emotionality (e.g., right: b = 0.25, p = .011) and uncinate FA partially mediated the association between prenatal maternal sleep and infant negative emotionality (right: indirect effect = 0.014, CI = [.0001, .0323], p < .05). Associations remained after covarying for infant postconceptional age at MRI, motion in MRI scan, sex, and income-to-needs ratio.

Conclusion

These findings highlight prenatal maternal sleep health as a prenatal signal with intergenerational connections to offspring neurobiology and negative emotionality, both of which have been previously implicated in the development of psychopathology. Pregnancy is a sensitive period in which interventions may inform the health of two generations.

Support (if any)

NIMH R01MH109662, NHLBI R01HL155744, and diversity training supplement for 1st author; F32MH125572 for 2nd author.
0121 Newborn Hair Cortisol and Sleep Health in Infancy
Authors: Benefield Tessa , Deer LillyBelle , Nevarez-Brewster Melissa , LeBourgeois Monique , Hankin Benjamin , Doom Jenalee , Davis Elysia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Poor sleep health in infancy is linked to compromised physical and mental health in adulthood. As a result, identifying predictors of infant sleep health is essential for promoting lifelong health. A potential predictor that has been largely untested is fetal hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA) axis functioning, which is linked to sleep behaviors and has been implicated in the development of sleep disorders. Cortisol, the end product of the HPA axis, may be important in regulating sleep during the early postnatal period. However, very little is known about the relation between fetal cortisol and offspring sleep in infancy. The current study aims to test the associations between neonatal hair cortisol, an index of fetal cortisol production in the third trimester, and sleep health in infancy.

Methods

Shortly after birth (M(days)=1.73, SD(days)=2.30), hair cortisol was collected from 70 infants (57.1% female) within the Care Project, a longitudinal study in Denver, Colorado. Participants did not receive exogenous glucocorticoids prenatally. Infant sleep health was assessed using parent report on the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 7 months of age. The BISQ includes measures of nighttime sleep duration, time spent in wakefulness during the night, number of night awakenings, and nighttime sleep onset latency. Partial correlations were conducted to examine the relation between newborn hair cortisol and sleep health, controlling for gestational age at birth and family income-to-needs ratio.

Results

Greater neonatal hair cortisol predicted longer sleep onset latency at 7 months (r=.32, p=.017), controlling for gestational age at birth and income-to-needs. Neonatal hair cortisol was not correlated with nighttime sleep duration (r=-.17, p=.21), nighttime wake duration (r=.13, p=.36), and number of night awakenings (r=-.13, p=.32).

Conclusion

Higher levels of fetal cortisol may negatively affect infant sleep health. Specifically, cortisol may inform the shift from multiphasic to monophasic sleep as well as the accumulation of sleep pressure throughout the day, impacting sleep onset latency. Future studies should consider the long-term effects of fetal cortisol production on sleep health in infancy and potentially later in life.

Support (if any)

This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health R01MH109662, R01HL155744, K01HL143159, F32HL165844, and diversity training supplement 3R01HL155744-01S3.
0128 Muscle injury induces an increase in total and NREM sleep time
Authors: Vanneau Théo , Quiquempoix Michael , Erkel Marie-Claire , Drogou Catherine , Trignol Aurélie , Sauvet Fabien , Léger Damien , Gomez-Merino Danielle , Chennaoui Mounir
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This study describes macro- and micro- sleep responses to a myotoxic skeletal muscle injury and investigates possible mechanisms.

Methods

We recorded the electroencephalogram(EEG)/electromyogram(EMG) of 24 wistar rats before and after induction of Tibialis Anterior muscle injury (n=8 per group: control, control +buprenorphine and injured). A top-down analysis of sleep characteristics was processed from total sleep time (TST), sleep stages, sleep stability, spectral-analysis, and spindles. To further investigate the mechanisms involved, we analyzed the protein level of sleep regulatory molecules including TNF-α, IL-1β, IGF-1, BMAL1 in plasma, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and tibialis anterior, collected at Day +2 after injury from non-EEG/EMG implanted rats.

Results

Muscle injury induces a significant increase in total sleep time at 48 and 72h post-injury, specific to NREM sleep. These increases occur during the dark period and are associated with higher stability of sleep over 24h, without change in the different power/frequency spectral bands of NREM/REM sleep. There was no corresponding sleep increase in slow-wave activity or spindle density, nor were there changes in brain levels of the sleep-regulating proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is otherwise involved in the local response to injury. Conversely, decreased protein levels of brain IGF-1 and muscle BMAL1, a core circadian clock gene, after injury may play a role in increased sleep time.

Conclusion

Muscle injury induces an increase in total sleep time at 48- and 72-hours post-injury, specific to NREM sleep during the dark period in rats and is associated with higher sleep stability over 24 hours.

Support (if any)
0133 Adapting and validating a modern situational measure for dream content and experience
Authors: Garcia Odalis , Duggan Katherine
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Dream content is typically measured using self-reports which draw heavily on psychoanalytic theory. There is a need for a modern, reliable, validated, and comprehensive measure of dream content and experience. The DIAMONDS taxonomy has been developed and extensively validated by social/personality psychologists to assess psychologically salient features of waking situations. According to the continuity hypothesis, dreams reflect waking life; thus, this measure may also provide valuable information for dream content. We are adapting and validating this measure for dream content using self-reports and external raters.

Methods

We have begun an extensive construct validation process to adapt the DIAMONDS for dreams, including an extensive literature search and the development of a large item pool. Then, in a first preliminary study (N = 55), we examined the substantive validity by having an external rater code participants’ dream narratives using the adapted DIAMONDS. Next, in a second preliminary study from an online sample (N = 74), participants self-rated their own dream narratives using the adapted DIAMONDS.

Results

We developed a preliminary item pool (41 items) covering five proposed dream-specific factors: dream continuity, plausibility, clarity, memory degradation, and physiology. These items were added to the existing DIAMONDS. Results of the first preliminary study suggest all original DIAMONDS items have appropriate distributional properties when used to assess dream content; 20 of the newly developed items had abnormal skew and/or kurtosis. Items were modified; results of the second study show an improvement in the distributional properties of the adapted items. Notably, participants in the second study did not report an element of their dreams as being missing from the adapted DIAMONDS measure.

Conclusion

Thus far, we have gathered preliminary substantive validity evidence for the adapted DIAMONDS for dream content. Moving forward, we will evaluate whether the adapted measure predicts next day affect in a larger sample (predictive validity). In the long term, we hope to gather enough substantive, structural, and external validity evidence to validate the adapted DIAMONDS for dream content and experience.

Support (if any)

P30 GM114748
0167 Influence of light exposure, exercise, caffeine intake, and nicotine use on sleep of U.S. Navy sailors during home port operations
Authors: LaGoy Alice , Roma Peter , Kubala Andrew , Rosado Luis , Deering Sean , Cuellar Joseph , Chinoy Evan , Russell Dale , Markwald Rachel
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Insufficient sleep is pervasive in U.S. Navy (USN) sailors and has been associated with increased risk of injury and mood disturbances. As such, monitoring sleep and identifying modifiable targets that influence sleep in this population is essential. We examined the sleep of USN sailors during 9-months in port and explored the influence of different lifestyle behaviors on sleep.

Methods

Sailors (n = 101, 31 ± 7 years old [mean ± SD], 21% female) wore a commercial wearable sleep-tracking device (Oura Ring, Gen2) during a 9-month home port maintenance period (September 2021 – May 2022). During the study, the sailors slept at home and had periods working on the ship (on-hull; higher demands) and off the ship (off-hull; lower demands). Participants also completed 5 self-report surveys that assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI) and multiple lifestyle behaviors including: hours of natural light exposure, hours of moderate/vigorous physical activity, and intake of caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. Sleep outcome measures from the wearable device included total sleep time (TST), standard deviation of TST (SD TST), and sleep efficiency (SE). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of lifestyle behaviors on sleep. Timepoint and on/off-hull condition were also included as fixed effects, while participant was included as a random effect.

Results

Participants slept 6.5 ± 0.7 hours a night (6.2 ± 0.9 on-hull; 6.4 ± 0.8 off-hull; p > .05) and had slightly elevated PSQI scores that were higher on-hull (8.3 ± 4.6) than off-hull (6.5 ± 3.5; B = 1.83, Std. Error = 0.71, p = .01). Lifestyle behaviors were not significant predictors of PSQI, TST, SD TST, or SE (p > .05).

Conclusion

Lifestyle behaviors had weak relationships with self-reported and objective sleep outcomes in this exploratory analysis. Therefore, modifying lifestyle behaviors may not significantly influence sleep in USN sailors during home port periods. Still, additional behavioral targets (e.g., diet), specific aspects of behavioral outcomes (e.g., light exposure timing, exercise intensity), and other work-related factors (e.g., workload, schedule) that can affect sleep should be explored in future efforts.

Support (if any)

Military Operational Medicine Research Program (work unit no. N2010).
0183 Bedtime Routine Stability in the Context of Developmental Risk
Authors: Janis Amy , Kellerman Ashleigh , Schwichtenberg A J
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Consistent bedtime routines are an important promoter of child sleep health. This is particularly true for children developing at elevated risk for sleep and developmental challenges. Consistent and calming bedtime routines are associated with fewer parent-reported night wakings, shorter sleep onset times, and (for some) longer nighttime sleep bouts. However, few studies systematically address bedtime consistency within the context of developmental risk. To inform future sleep promotion in children with developmental concerns, this study assessed bedtime routine consistency.

Methods

Across two video-recorded bedtimes, this study assessed the consistency of routines for children (n = 40) with social communication concerns from ages 8-61 months, M(SD)= 28.14(11.76). Each child was enrolled in an eight-session Family Routines Intervention (FRI). The goals of this intervention were to improve family social communication scaffolding within family routines. Bedtime routines were coded for caregiver involvement, sleep onset location, and dyad actions.

Results

Mothers were the most common bedtime caregiver (93-95%) and her involvement was consistent for most children (96%). Father involvement was less common (present for 25-38% of recordings) and was less consistent at 56%. Other caregivers were present for roughly 18% of dyads, but their involvement was not as consistent (13%). Sleep onset location varied widely with only 33-38% sleeping in a crib, yet crib placement was moderately consistent (64%). Roughly 20% of children slept in an adult bed, with similar consistency (63%). Book reading was the most common (40-43%) and consistent (73%) bedtime action. Bedtime media use was uncommon (8-15%) but surprisingly consistent (44%).

Conclusion

For children at elevated risk for sleep and developmental concerns, bedtime routines were notably diverse and inconsistent. Although bedtime routines were not the focus of the FRI study, it afforded a unique opportunity to objectively assess how families prepare their child for bed on distinct nights across a relatively short time (8-12 weeks). Not surprisingly, mothers were the primary caregiver, highlighting her potential role in future interventions. The variability in sleep onset location and bedtime actions were notable. These areas reflect clear targets for future interventions designed to promote relatively short, calming, and consistent bedtime routines.

Support (if any)

Purdue Research Foundation and the Gadomski Foundation
0191 SLEEP DIFFICULTIES AND SLEEP DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES
Authors: Caron Jean-François , Forest Geneviève
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Recent studies have shown that sleep difficulties are highly prevalent in professional and elite athletes. Unfamiliar sleeping environments when travelling, high training loads, early morning training, competitive anxiety, etc., have been mentioned as contributing factors for sleep disturbances in athletes. In addition to being susceptible to these elements, young athletes also experience changes in sleep during adolescence. However, very little is known about the sleep of this population and whether it differs from that of young adult athletes. This was the aim of the present study.

Methods

211 young elite athletes (M=14.9±1.6 years old; 60.4% females) completed online versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and a modified STOP-BANG questionnaire. Summary independent T-tests were computed to compare our results to those of study samples of young adult elite athletes (M=19.6 ± 1.5 years old; 39.47% females) on the PSQI and ISI. Additional analyses were done to investigate differences in subgroups in the young elite athletes using t-tests and chi-squares on all measures.

Results

There was no difference between adolescents and young adult athletes for the PSQI (t(837)=-1.50, p=.30), and ISI (t(355)=.287, p=.774). Results also showed that, among young athletes, female athletes showed higher PSQI (t(201)= 3.65; p<.001) and ISI scores (t(206)=-2.27, p=.024) than males, suggesting more sleep disturbances. On the other hand, male athletes as well as team sports athletes and contact sport athletes were more at risk for obstructive sleep apneas (χ2(2,N=207)=73.25, p<.001; χ2(2,N=210)=6.08, p=.048; χ2(2,N=210)=14.35, p=.001, respectively). Finally, athletes with ADHD showed higher PSQI (t(203)=4.83; p<.001) and ISI scores (t(209)=2.89, p=.004), and more risk of sleep apnea than athletes without ADHD (χ2 (2, N=207)=73.25, p<.001).

Conclusion

This study shows that young adolescent athletes have the same level of sleep disturbances as young adult elite athletes. These results are very concerning because they show that from a young age, athletes are experiencing significant sleep difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of promoting early intervention with athletes who become involved at an elite level at a very young age.

Support (if any)

n/a
0394 Effect of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation on sleep quality in young adults with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Goothy Sai Sailesh Kumar , Macias Shirin , Robinson Rachel , McCulloch Erin , Watson Sinead , McKeown Jason
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder among all age groups which adversely affects physical and mental health. Young adults are considered a high-risk population group due to increased use of electronic media at bedtime, stress associated with balancing educational demands and unhealthy sleep practices. Previous research suggests that electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) may improve sleep outcomes by influencing the hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei involved in regulating the circadian rhythm and wakefulness. The present study is a randomised, double blinded, sham-controlled trial with the aim of assessing the efficacy of VeNS on the sleep quality of young adults suffering from insomnia.

Methods

Eighty adults aged 18-24 years who scored 15 or higher on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were recruited. Participants assigned to the intervention group (n=40) received 30 minutes per day of VeNS with 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks, while the control group (n=40) received sham stimulation for the same period. ISI scores were recorded at baseline and repeated weekly. The primary outcome was between-group change in ISI from baseline to day 28. Secondary outcomes included between-group change in the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire, and quality of life (QoL) measured by the WHOQoL-BREF.

Results

A group-by-time interaction effect on change in ISI score from day 0 to day 28 (F3, 248 = 295.56; P< 0.001) was observed. The intervention group had a higher reduction in mean ISI score relative to the control group at day 28 (mean change [95% CI]: 7.23 [6.78, 7.67] vs. 0.98 [0.89, 1.06], P< 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, the intervention group showed improvements in depression, anxiety, and stress scores (P< 0.001) and QoL outcomes (P< 0.001) compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Regular VeNS usage over 4 weeks lead to a clinically meaningful decrease in ISI scores and improved general well-being in young adults with insomnia. VeNS may have potential as a drug-free and non-invasive therapy to improve sleep outcomes.

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0396 Efficacy of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation for the management of insomnia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Macias Shirin , Robinson Rachel , McCulloch Erin , Sittlington Julie , Curry Grace , Cheung Teris , Watson Sinead , McKeown Jason
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Insomnia is one of the most prevalent health concerns in the general population. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and pharmacological interventions are recommended for the treatment of insomnia. However, CBT can be expensive and difficult to access, while the use of pharmacotherapy can be limited by reports of adverse events. Due to these limitations, there is a strong need for alternative measures to manage insomnia. Preliminary research indicates the potential that electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) has as a non-invasive method for managing insomnia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of VeNS as a method of managing sleep quantity and quality in individuals with insomnia, as compared to a sham control.

Methods

The study was a two-armed, double-blind randomized controlled trial that was conducted across two research sites in the United Kingdom (UK) and Hong Kong (HK). Participants aged over 18 years with an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score of 15 or higher were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group was instructed to use the VeNS device at home for 30 minutes daily for 4 weeks, while the control group was instructed to use the sham device for the same period. ISI values were captured at baseline, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks. Sleep quality and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively.

Results

A total of 146 participants were recruited from the HK (n=94) and UK (n=52) research sites. The study has recently been completed with the statistical analysis ongoing. The between-group change in ISI values (primary outcome), sleep quality and QoL from baseline to week 4 will be examined.

Conclusion

The results of this study will help determine whether the relatively inexpensive, and non-invasive technique of VeNS is effective in the management of insomnia. The data collected will be used to support regulatory submissions, primarily to the US Food and Drug Administration.

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0495 Epworth Sleepiness Scale Worth for Sleep Apnea Screening: A Large Cohort of Polysomnographies via Natural Language Processing
Authors: Maghsoudi Arash , Nowakowski Sara , Rahman Mahbubur , Nguyen Trung , Agrawal Ritwick , Sharafkhaneh Amir , Razjouyan Javad
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major sleep disorder that presents with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) as a measure of EDS is used to monitor population sleep health. We aim to assess the association between ESS and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) extracted from polysomnography (PSG) reports using natural language processing (NLP) algorithms.

Methods

We curated 90,483 PSG notes from the nationwide Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) of Veteran Affair (VA) from 10/1999 to 10/2020. We used rule-based nearest neighbor and forward-backward NLP techniques to extract ESS and AHI from PSG reports. We reported the performance of NLP algorithm compared to chart review. We used AHI>5 as the cut-point to identify OSA and incremented the threshold for abnormal ESS from 5 to 15 to find the best cut-point for stratification of EDS. We used logistic regression to report the performance of the ESS cut-point using the area under the curve (AUC). The model also adjusted for age, sex, BMI, race, ethnicity, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Results

39,318 patient clinical notes’ (age 50±15 years; BMI 30±5) notes documented both AHI and ESS. (50±15 year; 30±5 BMI). NLP algorithms accuracy was ≥ 90%. We observed the same level of sensitivity (57%) or specificity (42%) for ESS of 5 and 10, but the ESS of 5 resulted in the best negative (27%) and positive (72%) predictive value for AHI prediction. The area under curve for prediction OSA based on ESS cut-off of 5 was 0.50 (95%CI, 0.49, 0.51) and the AUC improved to 0.65 (95%CI, 0.64, 0.65) after adjustment.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that ESS is not an effective tool for predicting AHI. Reducing the ESS cut-off to 5 may enhance its predictive value, but it does not have clinical implication in identifying patient with OSA. Sleep medicine clinicians may use other sleep questionnaires, such as the STOP-Bang questionnaire, which is reported to be a reliable, concise, and easy-to-use screening tool.

Support (if any)

This work is supported by the VA Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413); National Institute of Health (NHI) Grant # 1K25HL152006-01 (PI: Razjouyan) and Grant # R01NR018342 (PI: Nowakowski).
0524 Early CPAP Adherence as a Primary Predictor of CPAP Adherence at One Year
Authors: Hevener William , Lane Bretton , Nyanhongo Simba , Munafo Dominic
Published: May 2023

Introduction

CPAP/APAP therapy remains the gold standard for treating OSA. Unfortunately, many patients struggle with long term CPAP/APAP adherence. Patients frequently have only 90 days to meet Medicare criteria for adherence to assure coverage of their CPAP/APAP therapy. Lack of adherence often leads to reevaluation, and a new trial of CPAP/APAP. Despite all of these efforts a significant number of patients are ultimately unsuccessful. When this process is drawn out over many months it can drain resources, time and patient motivation. We sought to determine if we could, during the first 30 days of CPAP/APAP therapy, identify those patients who were ultimately going to be unsuccessful.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis was completed on 7498 CPAP/APAP naive patients who began CPAP/APAP therapy in 2020-2021 with ResMed devices. Data was analyzed for percent of days with adherence (>4h/night) at 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 180 days and 365 days. Additionally, AHI, sex, state, number of mask refits, and payor type (HMO, Medicare, self-pay, Medicare Advantage and Medicaid Advantage) were examined.

Results

Patients were 68% male. The age was 55.1±14.0 and AHI 29.8±25 (mean±SD). 1157 of the patients were < 10% adherent to CPAP/APAP (no more than 3 days >4h) during the first 30 days. Of the 1157, only 312 patients (27%) showed any use over 4h. The remaining 845 (73%) showed no CPAP/APAP use >4h during the first 30 days. At one year only 220 patients (19%) of the original 1157 showed any use over 4h. Of the 220 patients who showed any use >4h at year one, 83% were in the original 312 who showed any use >4h at 30 days. The other variables analyzed including AHI, sex, state, number of mask refits, and payor type were not independent predictors of long term adherence.

Conclusion

Patients with < 10% adherence at 30 days were unlikely to achieve adherence during one year of follow up. Identifying and intervening early in this population may facilitate ultimate CPAP/APAP adherence or the successful initiation of alternative therapies.

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0526 Effect of Body Position and Sleep State on Sleep Disordered Breathing Distribution in Infants Ages 6 to 12 months
Authors: Betz Kelly , El-Kersh Karim , Nguyen Quang , Kluthe Theresa , Senthilvel Egambaram
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The effect of body position and sleep state on events distribution in infants ages 6 to 12 months needs further study. We aimed to study this distribution and determine the difference of body position in infants with and without sleep disordered breathing.

Methods

This was a single center, retrospective study that included infants ages 6 to 12 months who were evaluated for suspected sleep disordered breathing and underwent a full overnight polysomnography in an academic sleep disorders center over a period of 10 years. Infants with ages 6 to 12 months with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) and central apnea index (CAI) ≥ 1 (sleep disordered breathing [SDB] group) were compared with infants with normal AHI who represented the control group (CG). Total OAHI, CAI, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in different body positions, rapid eye movement (REM), and Non-REM sleep were collected.

Results

A total of 36 infants had SDB and 18 infants had normal AHI. The median age was not significantly different between both groups with a median age of 10 months (IQR 7.75-11) in SDB group and 8.5 months in CG (IQR 7.25- 10.00) (p=0.258). Male sex was predominant in both groups (58.3% in SDB group and 61.1% in CG). There were no significant differences between both groups in the BMI, median total sleep time, REM% sleep time, and Non-REM% sleep time. The supine sleep time in the SDB group [258.90 minutes (IQR 149.35-381.25)] was significantly higher than the supine sleep time in the CG [165.90 minutes (IQR 54.55 to 285.05)] (p=0.035). In the SDB group, REM AHI [8.55 (IQR 5.02 – 15.25] was significantly higher than Non-REM AHI [0.50 (IQR 0.30-1.20)] (p< 0.001). In the SDB group, there were no significant differences in the supine vs. off-supine distribution of respiratory events.

Conclusion

Obstructive and central respiratory events in infants ages 6 to 12 months occurred predominantly in REM sleep compared to Non-REM sleep. Infants with SDB significantly spent more time in supine position when compared to infants without SDB but the respiratory events distribution in infants with SDB did not have a significant positional distribution.

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