bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading for the dignity of all: Overcoming the troubling legacy of the Old Testament
Authors: Claassens L Juliana
Published: October 2016

In light of the numerous instances in the Hebrew Bible in which the dignity of its characters are threatened, violated or potentially violated, this article seeks to identify a number of strategies that may be used to read the Bible for the dignity of all so overcoming the Old Testament’s troubling legacy. These strategies have been inspired by the work of Martha Nussbaum who, in one of her recent books, The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age, names three principles that may help a society to become more compassionate in nature and to transcend, what she calls, a narcissistic notion of fear: (1) Political (and I would add religious) principles that express equal respect and dignity for all people (2) Rigorous critical thinking that criticizes inconsistencies that may lead to human rights violations (3) Developing an empathetic or participatory imagination, in which one is able to consider how the world looks from the point of view of a person of a different cultural or religious point of view.
The Bible and the justification of apartheid in Reformed circles in the 1940's in South Africa: Some historical, hermeneutical and theological remarks
Authors: Vosloo Robert R
Published: October 2016

This article focuses on the way the Bible was used in the 1940s in some Reformed theological circles in South Africa as part of the discourse to justify apartheid. Attention is also given to some voices critical of this endeavour. The article therefore offers a close reading of influential texts by prominent theologians who provided a biblical justification of apartheid, such as JD du Toit (Totius) and EP Groenewald. In addition, the article attends to some of the writings of theologians such as BJ Marais and BB Keet, who strongly opposed any attempt to justify apartheid in this manner. The article is especially interested in identifying the constructions of identity and otherness that seem to be operative in the discourse connected to the biblical justification of apartheid during this period.
Listening past difference: Towards a compassionate ethics of communication
Authors: Wasserman Herman
Published: October 2016

This article attempts to contribute to the discussion about reading the Bible in a contemporary social and political context by highlighting one of the most pertinent influences on our understanding of that context, namely the global media. While the article therefore does not claim any authority in terms of Biblical hermeneutics, it hopes to make a modest contribution to our understanding of how we experience our place in a globalised world, how we make meaning out of the images and messages circulating around us every day, and how we respond ethically to the pervasive nature of global media, especially in the South African context. The central question to be answered pertains to the ethics of mediation, representation and communication in a world marked by difference, inequality and struggle. Of particular importance is the question of how we communicate with each other across the many differences that lie between us.
Mission driven by fear and despair: The case of Kranspoort – the first Dutch Reformed Church mission station outside the Cape Colony
Authors: Kgatla ST
Published: October 2016

This article surveys the Dutch Reformed Church Mission Policy and the close collaboration of mission and politics. The 1948 Nationalist Party election victory brought about a host of laws designed to bring total control and dominance over black people’s lives and their destiny. The Dutch Reformed Church was drawn into the government agenda to the extent that they lost their prophetic voice. The use of government instruments such as the forced removal of ‘excess’ and unwanted people from white farms was employed by the church. Black Christians that held a different political view were declared “no longer Christians” and forcefully removed from the mission stations. The pious outlook of mission did not help the church to realise that its social and political interests were against the love of Christ and thus the love of the neighbour.
Learning, changing and doing – Critical citizenship through ecumenical exposure
Authors: Nell Ian
Published: October 2016

Critical citizenship is becoming a very significant part of the educational pedagogy at Stellenbosch University relating to the vocational, personal and civic lives of the students and lecturers, focusing on critical and reflective thinking in what to learn, believe and do. Making use of the central concepts of critical citizenship as hermeneutical lenses, the main research question of this article is: “Does the exposure through ecumenical tours, as part of the programme in the Postgraduate Diploma in Theology in Christian Ministry, foster critical citizenship, and if so, in what ways?” The purpose of the article is therefore to take a closer look at one component of this specific programme and to see if, and in what ways, critical citizenship is embedded and fostered through aspects of ecumenical exposure. Factors at play in ecumenical exposure include the diversity of the student population, the content of the programme and, especially, the participatory and reflective practices of living faith communities. A pedagogical framework will be used to evaluate whether critical citizenship is enhanced through the ecumenical exposure of the programme.
Matilde: uma constelação exuberante
Authors: Chaves Margarida Alacoque
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho pretende lançar um olhar mais detido sobre a personagem Matilde, de Leite derramado, a fim de destacar sua importância no conjunto da obra de Chico Buarque, assim como evidenciar a sua constituição mosaica na escrita espiralada do consagrado compositor-autor.
Chico Buarque, o homem comum e as trilhas do sertão-cidade
Authors: Menezes Roniere Silva
Published: October 2016

Este artigo trata de imagens relativas ao homem comum e aos migrantes presentes nas composições de Chico Buarque. Atento leitor e talentoso artista, Chico, por meio de suas canções, revela apurado olhar sobre os trânsitos realizados por trabalhadores brasileiros em busca de melhores condições de vida. Ao mesmo tempo, o autor demonstra cuidadosa “escuta” em relação aos saberes e à criatividade desses homens e mulheres em sua busca por uma existência mais digna, pautada por gestos de partilha, pela vivência comunitária e por momentos de desejo, jogo, sonho e luta. Os versos, ritmos, melodias e harmonias do autor se deixam contaminar por criações da cultura popular oral, em diálogo com formas artísticas mais eruditas.
Entrevista com Humberto Werneck
Authors: Peres Ana Maria Clark
Published: October 2016

Entrevista com Humberto Werneck.
“Em meio à recamada via”: Matilde, do romance Leite derramado, e Matelda, d’A divina comédia
Authors: Sarmento Alexsandra Loiola
Published: October 2016

A partir de uma visão bakhtiniana do texto como jogo dialógico e polifônico, este trabalho procura estabelecer uma comparação entre as personagens Matilde, do romance Leite derramado, de Chico Buarque, e Matelda, d’A divina comédia, de Dante Alighieri. Ao traçar os vínculos existentes entre tais criações, a leitura destaca a presença da tradição clássica no romance e o processo de carnavalização da linguagem responsável por misturar o sagrado e o profano, a religiosidade e o erotismo, a beatitude e a sensualidade: aspectos que dão à Matilde buarquiana uma instigante expressão figurativa.
Grading methodology for costs and values of anti-cancer drugs; application in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Guirgis Helmy M
Published: October 2016

Background: The present study was prompted by the inability of patients to afford the costs and understand value issues of anticancer drugs. We postulated that society in the United States would be willing to pay 4-week costs (4wC) up to $5,000 and reject >$10,000.

 Objectives:  1- Propose simplified methodology to grade costs, weigh values and apply in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)

Methods:  4-week society costs (4wC) were graded A for up to $5,000, B $ >5,000 to $7,500, C $>7,500 to $10,000, D >$10,000. Values defined as C/life-year gain (LYG) were graded from A100,000 to D >300,000. Relative values (RV) were calculated with reference to 100,000 QALY.  RV = 100,000/C/LYG for drugs with maintenance or improvement of quality of life (QoL).

Results: In 1st-line 4wC and grades of Bevacizumab (Bev) were $4,620/A. In KRAS wild type Paninutumab (Pan) was $8,233/C and Cetuximab (Cet) $9,775/C. Values and grades were Bev 141,549/B, Pan 269,444/B and Cet 351,900/D. The corresponding RV were 0.71, 0.49 and 0.28. In 2nd-line Ramucirumab (Ram) 4wC were $11,200/D, values 252,200/C and RV 0.20. In refractory disease Regorafenib (Reg) 4wC were $12,500/D, values 321,429/D and deductible $1,250 compared with TAS 102 $12,890/D, values 257,800/C and deductible $1,289. RV could not be ascertained for lack of immature and/or inconclusive QoL data.

Conclusions:  Methodology to grade drug costs and values was feasible and user-friendly. In 1st-line mCRC Bev 4wC was affordable with grade A, higher than Pan and Cet. In later lines 4wC of Ram, TAS 102 and Reg were >$10,000 with D rating. Their values could improve with use at earlier lines of therapy.

 

 

 
Advances in Small Bowel Transplantation
Authors: Gurkan Alp
Published: October 2016

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is a life saver procedure in patients with intestinal failure. The biggest obstacle to intestinal transplantation is graft rejection. It is the main factor in morbidity and mortality. Rejection has a negative impact on survival of the graft. The acute rejection occurs in 50-75% and the chronic rejection occurs in 15% of the patients.

Immune monitoring is crucial after SBT. Unlike other types of transplantation, the intestine lacks a reliable and minimally invasive marker to predict rejection. The diagnosis of acute rejection is performed by clinical, endoscopic and pathologic anatomy. Protocol biopsies and histological analysis remain the gold standard for allograft monitoring, but neither is free of complications, especially in smaller grafts. Up to 30% of biopsies are nondiagnostic and multiple biopsies may be required to exclude rejection. So, ancillary assays are increasingly used in SBT such as measurements of citrulline and calprotectine in the blood, cytofluorographic analysis of peripheral immune cell population, cytokine profiling and the quantitation of distinct gene set changes. Developments in understanding of genes provide promise that limited gene sets, taken from blood or from intestinal biopsies, will enhance pathological diagnosis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation with SBT and tissue engineering are promising procedures.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Perioperative Blood Loss Management in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Gordon Eric R. , Friedman Richard Joel
Published: October 2016

Minimizing blood loss in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) involves multiple interdisciplinary approaches and has experienced significant evolution over the last decade. TJA often requires post-operative blood transfusion, conferring significant risks upon TJA patients.  Minimizing these risks by limiting blood loss has garnered recent interest.  Variable strategies have been developed to manage perioperative bleeding, such as autologous donation, electrocautery, hemodilution, blood salvage systems, tourniquets, controlled hypotension, lower transfusion triggers, erythropoietic stimulating agents, and antifibrinolytics.  This study reviews current blood loss reduction techniques and underscores the importance of antifibrinolytics and their impact on transfusion reduction. 
Open source software e-learning system to improve medical image interpretation in young thoracic surgeons
Authors: Ito Kazuhiro , Shimada Junichi , Kato Daishiro , Nishimura Motohiro , Okada Satoru
Published: October 2016

Background We evaluated the efficacy of the e-learning system for improving young thoracic surgeons’ interpretations of chest computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods We established an e-learning system for medical image interpretation using open source software that can be accessed from multiple sites. We used virtual network computing (VNC), a graphical desktop sharing protocol, to observe the remote server desktop screen. OsiriX, an image-processing package, was installed on the server to share medical images. Five young thoracic surgeons (3-8 years of experience) were instructed to interpret a preoperative chest CT from a remote partner hospital. Chest CTs were extracted from remote hospitals, anonymized, and uploaded to the secure server. The participants accessed the server via high-speed Internet secured with a virtual private network. The young surgeons then created a 3-dimensional configuration of the pulmonary vessels before procedure using the 2-dimensional scans. Next, 5 expert thoracic surgeons ranked the renderings on a 10-point scale. The edited surgical video with the actual pulmonary configuration was uploaded to the web server, and the young thoracic surgeons watched the video as a self-education module. They also commented on their peers’ preoperative images of the pulmonary vessels.

Results The scores of the 5 interpretations and drawings of pulmonary vessel branching patterns of patients with lung cancer undergoing lobectomy increased with years of experience.

Conclusions The young thoracic surgeons virtually learned lobectomy using an e-learning system. We believe this virtual resource will help young thoracic surgeons accumulate greater experience. 
The human and Drosophila ERH are functionally equivalent: Evidence from transgenic studies.
Authors: Tsubota Stuart
Published: October 2016

The enhancer of rudimentary, e(r), gene encodes a small highly conserved protein, enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH), which has been shown to have a regulatory function in cell division, Notch signaling, and cancer progression.  Human and Drosophila ERH, both 104 amino acids in length, are 76% identical and 84% similar.  The high sequence identity translates into nearly identical tertiary structures.  Previous studies on the expression of the human and Drosophila e(r) genes reveal that the two genes are similarly regulated.  Data in the present study using an e(r)-eGFP reporter gene confirm these results, showing a high expression of the reporter in ovaries, testes, and brain. The high structural and regulatory conservation of e(r) and ERH argue that human and Drosophila ERH may be biochemically and functionally equivalent.  To test this hypothesis, a chimeric transgene containing the Drosophila e(r) non-coding regions and the human e(r) coding region was constructed and used to establish transgenic Drosophila stocks.  This transgene can rescue all of the mutant phenotypes of an e(r) deletion, and Drosophila stocks in which the fly ERH has been replaced with the human ERH are fully healthy and viable.  These studies demonstrate that the human and Drosophila ERH are functionally equivalent, suggesting that studies on the activity of the human ERH can be done in Drosophila, where a multitude of genetic and developmental tools are available.
Importance of large joint involvement in functional disability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nishiyama Susumu , Nishino Jinju , Tohma Shigeto
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) identifies reversible activity-related factors (ActHAQ) and ones that are irreversible due to joint damage (DamHAQ). We aimed to examine which joints are associated with ActHAQ and DamHAQ from the viewpoint of affected joint size and distribution.

Methods: Data from 7,408 patients who had not undergone orthopedic surgery were extracted from the National Database of Rheumatic Diseases by iR-net in Japan (NinJa) database. The regression coefficient between the HAQ and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) was 0.036 in 141 patients with very early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whose DamHAQ is presumed to be zero. We calculated the two components of the HAQ using the following formulas: ActHAQ = 0.036 × SDAI and DamHAQ = HAQ – ActHAQ.

Results: Large joint involvement was positively correlated with both ActHAQ and DamHAQ. Although upper/small joint involvement was the most significant predictor of ActHAQ elevation, it was inversely correlated with DamHAQ. Lower/small joint involvement was not a significant factor in either component.
Conclusions: Compared to small joints, large joint involvement was associated with an increase in damage-related HAQ. In light of this finding, large joint involvement should be thoroughly treated to prevent RA patients from experiencing worsening physical function.
Arthrodesis for Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis
Authors: Srnec Jason , Wagner Eric , Capo John , Rizzo Marco
Published: October 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint can result in severe pain and impair hand function. Treatment of early-stage arthritis consists of conservative treatment and only after failure of these options should surgical intervention be considered. A variety of surgical treatments have been described and debate remains about the optimal surgical option(s). In addition, making comparisons between studies is difficult due to lack of randomized controlled studies and consistent outcome reporting. TM joint arthrodesis has traditionally been performed in patients requiring high function and good grip strength in their hand. Complications of the procedure include nonunion, limited mobility, radial neuritis, complex regional pain syndrome, and development of arthritis in adjacent joints. Results from literature regarding outcomes have been varied. However, even with the development of complications resulting in limitations, patients typically are very satisfied with the procedure and achieve an improvement in function and reduction in pain.
Transplacental Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations
Authors: Sung Vicky M.-H.
Published: October 2016

      In 21st century, infectious disease control is much faster than never before. In combination of robotic instruments and high-tech analytic tools, we are able to put pieces of knowledge of how immune networks interact to fight against infectious agents, and to develop vaccines and better treatments. Treatments for pregnant women for highly contagious diseases have been a major challenge for current medicine because the complications of the interactions between fetal and maternal immune systems during pregnancy, including suppression of maternal immune system to avoid rejection of fetus and to protect fetus from pathogens or any harmful agents during gestation. This article focuses on what defense systems are built in nature to prevent viral transplacental infection, and to ensure a safe pregnancy for the mother and healthy development of the fetus. In addition to innate and acquired immunity to decease pathogens, placental barrier and placental immunity further provide restriction of viral entry and viral replication in placenta. Viral pathogens are able to utilize various means to infect placental trophoblasts and to transplacentally infect the fetus. The teratogenic effects of several viruses and potential clinical manifestations of congenital infections are also discussed. Because of the efficiency of placental barrier and the placental immunity, to restrict most of viral infection, only very few viruses can transplacentally infect fetus in pregnant women. The consequences of the transplacental infection also vary at different stages of gestation. Transplacental infections happened in early gestation can lead to more adverse outcomes, including stillbirth, abortion, and congenital malformations of fetus, such as ZIKV transplacental infection associated with developing microcephaly and neurological disorders of affected fetus. Therefore, prevention of viral infection in pregnant women, and understanding mechanisms of transplacental infections may help to develop better therapeutic strategy for congenital infectious diseases.
Stress and distress: the art and science of dispatcher’s assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Authors: Zandona Régine , Gillet Aline , Stassart Céline , Nothelier Laura , Delfosse Anne-Sophie , Tubes Rebecca , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Etienne Anne-Marie , Ghuysen Alexandre , Stipulante Samuel
Published: October 2016

Chances of survival following a cardiac arrest are very low and inversely proportional to the duration of cardiovascular arrest. It is of critical importance to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as soon as possible, even before the arrival of emergency medical team (EMT) on the scene. Therefore, early bystander CPR is a key factor in improving survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA). In Belgium, the ALERT algorithm (Algorithme Liégeois d’Encadrement à la Réanimation par Téléphone[1] offers the opportunity to help bystanders perform CPR. Dispatchers’ assisted telephone CPR has introduced a new link in the chain of survival, that contributes to a reduced OOH-CA mortality rate but at the cost of increased responsibilities and stress. ALERT also gives a new role to bystanders; they are no longer just spectators but become actors when they witness a cardiac arrest. Our team was interested in the psychological burden of ALERT. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of CPR performed by untrained persons. We studied the potential influence of different coping strategies on this impact, as well as the possible correlation with the degree of attachment to the victim and the risk of developing PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). We noticed that some psychological negative impact on the bystanders could be recognized. We also identified beneficial and detrimental coping strategies.  In the future, we wonder if Video-CPR (V-CPR) might improve the quality of resuscitation.

[1] Algorithm for CPR guidance over the phone originating from Liege, Belgium
Clinical trial ethics in Turkey in the context of some expectations and predictions
Authors: Büken Nüket Örnek
Published: October 2016

Why is so much attention now being given to the ethics of clinical trial? Why does debate continue over the ethics and regulation of research involving human subjects? Are there societal duties to support the conduct of clinical research? Why was this protocol good enough for X, or Y, or Z, but not good enough for this university or institution? What is the rationale for public bioethics? As shown even though all the rights and obligations of all parties of clinical trial – the researching physician, the volunteering patient, the industry, research institution-  have been assured with ethico-legal regulations, there still exist many problems in the world of clinical research, and suggestions of solutions to the said problems. It is obvious that medical trials on human beings, on the one hand, accelerate developments in medicine and offer benefits for the present and future generations, but on the other hand, they can lead to acts that may endanger human dignity and human value. The objective of this paper is to discuss the rights of human subjects  in clinical drug trials; to review the researcher-physician/subject-patients relationship from several aspects; to consider the dynamics which exist in this relation; and to reach some practical solutions that might be conveyed to the applications in the context of medical ethics in Turkey.
Transformation in site monitoring practices through risk based monitoring
Authors: Khare Anubhav
Published: October 2016

As the current trends in clinical trial industry, is evolving day by day and adopting upcoming technology to integrate data from different sources into risked based monitoring (RBM) Portal, to increase efficient tracking system in a way that help in understanding site characteristic and make on-site monitoring visit more focused and accurate. Transformation from traditional monitoring method to RBM solution will significantly improve quality of data and will also reduce study risk and time. RBM is a standardized, systematic approach to identify and assess potential risk.
Critical utility of e-solutions in risk based monitoring
Authors: Chaturvedi Pranjal R.
Published: October 2016

As the clinical trial industry is evolving from a traditional 100% SDV (source data verification) approach to reduced SDV & Centralized Monitoring by applying a risk based monitoring (RBM) approach, hence forth leveraging of e-Solutions and real time data integrations would be critical in RBM. Technological considerations are critical to collect data real time to assess, monitor and mitigate risk in compliance with Good Clinical Practices. This article will examine the importance of e-Solutions and real time analytics in alignment with various systems for developing an effective RBM strategy.
Fenofibrate in the management of AbdoMinal aortic aneurysm (FAME)-2: the study protocol for a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Rowbotham Sophie E. , Bourke Bernie , Bourke Michael , Jaeggi Rene , Jenkins Jason S. , Moxon Joseph V. , Pinchbeck Jenna L. , Reid Christopher M. , Velu Ramesh , Golledge Jonathan
Published: October 2016

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide but have no recognised medical therapy. Pre-clinical studies indicate that osteopontin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AAA via a number of mechanisms. This trial aims to assess the potential of fenofibrate to favourably alter biomarkers associated with AAA pathology.

Methods: Fenofibrate in the management of AbdoMinal aortic anEurysm (FAME)-2 is a multi-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of 24 weeks of oral therapy with 145 mg of fenofibrate on key pathological markers of AAA. A total of 140 participants with an AAA measuring between 35-49 mm will be randomly assigned to either 145 mg of fenofibrate once per day or identical placebo for a period of 24 weeks. Primary outcome measures will be serum concentrations of osteopontin and kallistatin. Secondary outcome measures will include serum levels of resistin, lipids, matrix metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines, circulating concentrations of AAA biomarkers, and AAA diameter as assessed by ultrasound.

Conclusions: This study represents the next step in the assessment of a potential novel medical therapy for AAA.
Cytotoxicity, analgesic and anthelmintic studies of the different plant parts of Saraca indica Linn. (Family: Caesalpiniaceae)
Authors: Parvin Most. Nazma
Published: October 2016

Background: Saraca indica or Saraca asoca belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae. It is popularly known as Ashoka, is the most ancient tree of Bangladesh. This versatile plant has anti-cancer, anti-menorrhagic, anti-oxytocic, anti-microbial activity and has extended uses in ayurveda, unani and homeopathy. The present study attempts to investigate the cytotoxic and analgesic activities of the methanol extract of bark and the anthelmintic activity of the leaf extract of Saraca indica.

Methods: The cytotoxic activity of the methanol extract of the bark was performed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and analgesic potential of the bark extract was evaluated using both acetic acid induced writhing test and tail-flick tests to understand the central analgesic activity using Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal. Anthelmintic activity of the leaf extract was performed by observing the time of paralysis and the time of death of earthworms, Pheretima posthuma.  

Results: The methanol extract of the bark showed moderate cytotoxic activity when compared with the standard drug vincristine sulphate. The results of analgesic activities suggested that the methanol extract of the bark possess significant analgesic activity in mice, which is comparable to the standard drug, diclofenac-Na. The fresh juice extract of the leaf of S. indica showed potent anthelmintic activity when compared with standard drug, albendazole.

Conclusions: Our present study, demonstrates the cytotoxic, analgesic and anthelmintic, properties of Saraca indica, which validate its use in traditional medicine.
A rare case of vanishing lung syndrome with pneumothorax: importance of computed tomography
Authors: Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Nahak Sanjay Kumar , Parida Sasmita , Mohanty Jayashree
Published: October 2016

Vanishing lung syndrome (VLS), also known as giant bullous emphysema (GBE) is a distinct clinical syndrome usually affecting young male smokers characterised by large bullae that involve at least one-third of one or both hemithoraces. We are reporting one such case in a 40-year-old male patient, who was a chronic smoker for past 20 years. He was diagnosed having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the basis of his history and chest X-ray findings 5 years back and treated symptomatically. He was never suspected of having VLS until a computed tomography of thorax done in our department revealed characteristic findings of VLS with pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. Bullectomy, either via video thoracoscopy or conventional thoracotomy, is the treatment of choice. The patient is now in follow-up with pulmonary medicine department. This case exemplifies role of HRCT thorax in timely diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment of VLS.
Prospective Teachers’ Reflections: Responding to a Call for LGBT-inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Larrabee Timothy G. , Morehead Pamela
Published: October 2016

Sixty-seven pre-service teachers wrote critical self-reflections following a lecture on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and schools. Most students were receptive to the lecture content. Many worked to reconcile religious beliefs with their desire to create a safe environment for all students. Two students remained strongly resistant. Students reflected on future teaching, personal reactions, and prior experiences with lesbian and gay people. They also made links to other forms of oppression. This study adds to the growing consensus that LGBT issues can and should be included in pre-service education courses to foster cultural competency and social justice.
Unmasking, Exposing, and Confronting: Critical Race Theory, Tribal Critical Race Theory and Multicultural Education
Authors: Haynes Writer Jeanette
Published: October 2016

Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribalCrit) offer the possibility of unmasking, exposing, and confronting continued colonization within educational contexts and societal structures, thus, transforming those contexts and structures for Indigenous People. Utilizing CRT and TribalCrit to support and inform “Multicultural Education as social justice,” we rid ourselves, our educational institutions, and ultimately the larger society from the “food, fun, festivals, and foolishness” form of Multicultural Education that maintains or propagates colonization.
Recovering the Space for Indigenous Self-Determination: Multicultural Education in Colonized Hawai‘i
Authors: Moniz Jeffrey A.S.
Published: October 2016

In this piece, the author presents key problems with multiculturalism and multicultural education as expressed by those involved in indigenous education in Hawai‘i. The author describes the racialized identities and hierarchies in the island setting and articulates an approach to multicultural education, grounded in multicultural experiences in Hawai'i. This organic approach, which is rooted in the blending of indigenous and settler cultures, addresses the impasse by emphasizing the rights of indigenous people, including the right to self-determination.
A Case Study of a Successful Multicultural Project: CCEP and the Infusion of Internationalization across the University
Authors: Bao Liangmei , Ferrara Mark Seven
Published: October 2016

Globalization has resulted in the call for greater diversity and multiculturalism in higher education. In order to achieve its stated goal of preparing students for “responsible global citizenship,” one master’s university1 has adopted an infusion model of internationalization. This study examines how the university’s Chinese Cultural Exchange Program (CCEP) contributed to those campus efforts to enhance multicultural or global awareness, specifically in regards to faculty and student exchanges.
Checkmate: A Chess Program for African-American Male Adolescents
Authors: Korenman Mikhail , Korenman Tamara , Lyutykh Elena
Published: October 2016

This investigation looked at the influence of a chess program on adolescents’ attitudes towards schooling at an alternative charter school in a high-risk urban context. Participants included school administrators, subject teachers, and 15 chess players, all of whom were African American male students from low-income backgrounds. Interview data revealed that the game of chess had a positive impact on the adolescents’ attitudes toward schooling in a number of ways by: (1) engaging these adolescents in interactions with a supportive school professional, (2) having the students socialize in a violence-free environment, and (3) providing students with opportunities to explore life beyond their neighborhood.
Productive Dissonance: A Musical-analytical Exploration of Teacher Educator Perceptions in a Multicultural Education Program
Authors: Clark Lynn Violet
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore, using a musical metaphor, the consonance, counterpoint, dissonance, and resonance of a large-scale multicultural teacher education program. In particular, it examines the different instructional approaches of seven graduate students and two faculty who currently teach an undergraduate multicultural education course at a large mid-western university. By combining a theoretical framework (Bennett, 2010) with a musical-analytical approach, the study explores how the interplay of individual voices contributes to a “productive dissonance” that has the potential to transform the overall program.
Teacher Preparation and Diversity: When American Pre-service Teachers Aren’t White and Middle Class
Authors: Morrell Jodene
Published: October 2016

The majority of American educators are White, middle class, and female. Most textbooks and articles for pre-service teachers assume their readers reflect these characteristics. However, as the K-12 student population becomes increasingly diverse, so do the pre-service teacher candidates at our Southern California public university. This article describes a prerequisite education course on diversity, showing how its original assumption that students needed to be convinced of the importance of diversity changed to a focus on improving the academic achievement and opportunities for linguistically and culturally diverse K-12 students.
The Scholarship Informing the Practice: Multicultural Teacher Education Philosophy and Practice in the U.S.
Authors: Gorski Paul Cameron
Published: October 2016

This study examines the scholarly literature identified by multicultural teacher educators in the U.S. as most influential to their work. 220 multicultural teacher educators were surveyed about the books and the journals that have most influenced they ways the conceive and practice multicultural teacher education (MTE). Responses were tabulated, creating lists of the most-identified books and journals. These lists were analyzed around three primary questions: (1) What do these data suggest about the philosophical frameworks and operationalizations of MTE among multicultural teacher educators?; (2) What do they reveal about the issues multicultural teacher educators consider more or less integral to MTE?; and (3) What might they uncover about the “null curriculum” of MTE? Findings suggest that, in contrast with much of the existing scholarship, MTE practitioners do engage with critical approaches to MTE, even if this might not be reflected consistently in their practice. They suggest, as well, that MTE practitioners identify more strongly with literature concerning race and racism than with that concerning other identities and oppressions. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Multicultural Arts Education in the Post-Secondary Context?: Creating Installation and Performance Art in Surrey, Canada
Authors: Colby Sasha
Published: October 2016

In 2007, Simon Fraser University’s satellite campus in Surrey, British Columbia, received an Official Languages Dissemination Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to examine the role of official bilingualism in the multilingual context through installation and performance art. This essay considers the processes of creating student-based art about language identity in the case-specific example of Surrey. Positing the significantly multilingual community of Surrey as a “microcosm of the emerging national reality,” the author discusses the challenges of representation, the “concealing art” that unchallenged official bilingualism represents, as well as the social benefits of making centralized public arts space a legitimate venue for multicultural arts education and student-based expressions about language and identity.

Photo by: Jordan Manning
Working with English Language Learners: Preservice Teachers and Photovoice
Authors: Graziano Kevin J.
Published: October 2016

This study utilizes documentary photography and storytelling, photovoice, to identify the educational realities of 16 Hispanic English Language Learners from an urban elementary school in the Southwest. Reflections from preservice teachers who utilized photovoice to gather data from the English Language Learners of this study are also discussed. Three main themes emerged from English Language Learners’ photographs and stories: (a) meaningful and fun instruction; (b) struggles and joys with literature, and (c) a sense of determination to excel and support others. Preservice teachers indicate they were positively affected by the enhanced learning environment of the study.
Using Their Words: Six Elements of Social Justice Curriculum Design for the Elementary Classroom
Authors: Picower Bree
Published: October 2016

This article provides a framework of six elements of social justice curriculum design for elementary classrooms. The elements move from students learning self-love and knowledge about who they are and where they come from to learning respect for people different from themselves. Students explore social injustice, learn about social movements, raise awareness, and engage in activism. By addressing all six elements, students develop an analysis of oppression and tools to take action. The elements help teachers visualize social justice education by providing examples of projects, making social justice in K-6 settings accessible, practical, and achievable.
Culturally Responsive Instruction Leaves No Child Behind:The Story of Juan, a Pacific Island Special Needs Student
Authors: Stoicovy Catherine Eileen , Fee Richard , Fee Julie
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore the use of retelling as a culturally responsive literacy strategy for Juan, a Pacific Island (Chamorro) special needs student on the island of Guam. Data were collected from the following sources: (1) participant-observation (2) fieldnotes (3) audiotaped recordings of students’ oral retellings (4) audiotaped interviews with students (5) audiotaped interviews with classroom teacher, and (6) samples of students’ written retellings. Results of the study suggest that retelling helps to bridge the dissonance between home and the school. Retelling, congruent with the Chamorro tradition of storytelling, is a natural way of learning for Chamorro students. Moreover, retelling in a small group setting is compatible with inafa’maolek, a core value of Chamorro culture that means helping each other in an agreeable fashion. Based on Juan’s productive academic performance and appropriate behavior during the retelling sessions, the following two issues warrant consideration: a reevaluation of his diagnosis of ADHD and further exploration of the use of culturally responsive instruction to scaffold his academic performance.
Education that Leads to Nowhere: Thailand’s Education Policy for Children of Migrants
Authors: Arphattananon Thithimadee
Published: October 2016

In July 2005, the Thai cabinet passed the resolution that allows migrant children access to free public education. This paper uncovers education experiences of children of migrant workers who study in Thai public schools, concentrating on the Thai government’s education policy towards these children. Data are drawn from an ethnographic study conducted between 2010 and 2011 in two provinces of Thailand—Ranong Province and Pattani Province. Qualitative research methods such as interview, observation and document examination are used to obtain data. School practices such as the admission process, the placement of children into classes, classroom instruction, and supporting systems are examined. Interactions between teachers and migrant children as well as between migrant children and local children are observed. The results show that while allowing migrant children to access public education, the Thai government does not have a policy to promote or to persuade migrant parents to bring their children to schools. A policy to follow up on children of migrants who drop out also does not exist. Additionally, school practices and curricula do not match the circumstances of the children. This article argues that Thailand’s current education policy allows children of migrants to access public education, but does not help them to proceed to higher levels of education.
Political Theorizing and Policy Implications: The Case of a Rawlsian Approach to Multicultural Education
Authors: Matsumoto Masakazu
Published: October 2016

This article provides a philosophical foundation for the legitimacy of multicultural education by developing the analyses of Rawlsian political philosophy. For Rawls the most important primary good is that of self-respect, and this can be reinterpreted to make a convincing argument for multicultural education, provided that it has a strong connection to cultural minorities' sense of self-respect. After clarifying this connection, this article addresses the objection raised against the idea of equating multicultural education with a social basis of students' self-respect. It ends with a brief overview of a recent example of multicultural education in Japan.
Reading and Analyzing Ethnographies through Literature Circles: A Praxis Model for Encouraging Multicultural Educators
Authors: Coles-Ritchie Marilee
Published: October 2016

This study explores the process of implementing literature circles using ethnographies as the texts to better prepare teachers for multicultural/ multilingual teaching contexts. Data collected by the course instructor and two of the participants, using a Critical Teacher Action Research (CTAR) methodology, indicate that participants think critically, connect to the texts and others, and identify ways to enhance school practice based on the funds of knowledge described in the ethnographic works when participating in literature circles. The author provides the process of implementing literature circles in teacher education courses and provides an action plan for further practice.
Picturing Culturally Relevant Literacy Practices: Using Photography to See How Literacy Pedagogies Matter to Urban Youth
Authors: Zenkov Kristien , Pellegrino Anthony , Harmon James , Ewaida Marriam , Bell Athene , Lynch Megan , Sell Corey
Published: October 2016

This article reports on the findings of a photography and literacy project the authors conducted with 117 diverse city students. Relying on a critical pedagogy framework, the foundations for this study include research on cultural relevance, literacy, and visual sociology. The authors used Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) and photo elicitation methods to allow young adults to document their impressions of the purposes of, supports for, and impediments to school. Through a multi-stage process of analyzing these pictures and writings, the authors discovered insights about what youth believe are literacy pedagogies that are relevant to their cultures and help them to achieve in school.
The Impact of Adopting a Mainstreamed Model of Service Provision: The Experiences of University Staff Members
Authors: Harryba Sophia , Knight Shirlee-ann
Published: October 2016

A qualitative case study examined the challenges of service provision and utilization regarding international students at an Australian university. Using a Social Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology, 73 participants were interviewed, including 38 staff members (16 academic, 22 non-academic), 25 international students, and 10 domestic students. The university had recently changed its model of service provision from specialised to mainstreamed. All students became viewed as one cohort, with the same needs, accessing the same services. Challenges associated with this move were discussed, and it was found that opinions about the effects of the new model depended on the staff members’ role at the university and how much contact they had with international students. Teaching and support staff members reported struggling when working with international students under this model of service provision, and staff members reported facing challenges in providing support outside of their role descriptions, lack of specialised staff, and lack of specialised services. It was concluded that the use of this model, added to increasing enrolment numbers and decreasing support both for staff and students, could lead to an increased likelihood that some staff view and treat some international students with a “deficit” lens.
Globalization and Educational Equity in Latin America: Perspectives from the Global South (Globalización y Equidad Educativa en Latinoamérica: Perspectivas desde el Sur Global) (pp. 1-9)
Authors: Valdiviezo Laura Alicia , Munter Judith
Published: October 2016

Numerous scholars, practitioners, and advocates of multicultural education have focused attention on the impacts of educational policy and praxis on the world’s most vulnerable populations, highlighting the role of globalization in discussions of educational equity. In response to the need for further scholarship on this topic,  IJME’s first bilingual issue features research and praxis articles that critically examine the intersection of globalization, social justice, and education in underrepresented contexts of the Global South especially in, although not limited to, the Americas. This special issue aims at exploring new territories and features new perspectives on educational equity and social justice.  We particularly sought submissions for this special issue examining formal and informal education in schools and community settings. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Las preocupaciones actuales de muchos académicos, educadores practicantes y de aquellos que abogan por la educación multicultural se focalizan en el impacto de las políticas y la praxis educativas en las poblaciones vulnerables alrededor del mundo. Es así que se está prestando cada vez mayor atención al rol de la globalización en la equidad educativa. La primera edición bilingüe de IJME reune artículos sobre investigaciones y praxis que analizan de manera crítica las intersecciones entre la globalización, la justicia social, y la educación en los contextos de menos representación en el sur global; en especial, pero sin limitarse a las Américas. Esta edición especial apunta a la exploración de nuevos territorios y al enfoque en nuevos diálogos sobre la equidad educativa y la justicia social. Particularmente hemos incluido artículos sobre investigación en educación formal y no formal en escuelas y contextos comunitarios.