bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Price of Abundance
Authors: Quoidbach Jordi , Dunn Elizabeth W. , Hansenne Michel , Bustin Gaelle
Published: January 2015

We investigated the long-standing—yet previously untested—idea that an abundance of desirable life experiences may undermine people’s ability to savor simpler pleasures. In Study 1, we found that the more countries individuals had visited, the less inclined they were to savor a future trip to a pleasant but ordinary destination. In Study 2, we conducted a field experiment at a popular tourist attraction, where we manipulated participants’ perceptions of their own experiential backgrounds; when participants were led to feel well-traveled, they devoted significantly less time to their visit compared with individuals who were led to feel less worldly. We replicate these findings in Study 3 and found evidence that the observed effect could not be easily explained by other mechanisms. Being a world traveler—or just feeling like one—may undermine the proclivity to savor visits to enjoyable but unextraordinary destinations by endowing individuals with a sense of abundance.
Outcomes of Pressure‐Induced Cranial Neuropathies from Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Illing Elisa A. , Dunlap Quinn , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: January 2015

Objectives

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) may present with significant bone erosion of the orbital walls or cranial base. Although proptosis is fairly common, cranial neuropathies are rarely reported. The objectives of this study are to describe strategies for AFRS‐induced neuropathies and evaluate ophthalmologic outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subject and Methods

A retrospective review identified 9 patients treated from 2008 to 2014 with AFRS‐induced cranial neuropathies. Data regarding patient demographics, preoperative imaging, ophthalmologic symptoms, surgical intervention, histopathologic findings, and postoperative sinonasal and ophthalmologic outcomes were recorded.

Results

Patients with AFRS (average age, 38 years) presented with optic neuropathy or abducens nerve palsy. Clinical presentation included unilateral visual loss secondary to optic nerve compression (n = 5), diplopia from unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral (n = 1) abducens nerve palsy, and bitemporal hemianopsia secondary to optic chiasm compression (n = 1). On average, the duration of ocular symptoms was 17 days. All patients underwent endoscopic surgical decompression of the sinuses and oral steroid therapy. Two individuals had an additional optic nerve decompression at the time of surgery. Seven patients had complete return of nerve function, whereas 2 had partial recovery at an average of 5 weeks following surgery.

Conclusion

Bone erosion of the sphenoid sinus walls by AFRS can lead to compression of surrounding neural structures producing cranial neuropathies. Identification of these symptoms and prompt surgical decompression and removal of disease, along with aggressive medical therapy, provided excellent outcomes in the current series of patients.
Combined Anatomic Factors Predicting Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury for Males and Females
Authors: Sturnick Daniel R. , Vacek Pamela M. , DeSarno Michael J. , Gardner-Morse Mack G. , Tourville Timothy W. , Slauterbeck James R. , Johnson Robert J. , Shultz Sandra J. , Beynnon Bruce D.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Knee joint geometry has been associated with risk of suffering an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, few studies have utilized multivariate analysis to investigate how different aspects of knee joint geometry combine to influence ACL injury risk.

Hypotheses:

Combinations of knee geometry measurements are more highly associated with the risk of suffering a noncontact ACL injury than individual measurements, and the most predictive combinations of measurements are different for males and females.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 88 first-time, noncontact, grade III ACL-injured subjects and 88 uninjured matched-control subjects were recruited, and magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired. The geometry of the tibial plateau subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and meniscus; geometry of the tibial spines; and size of the femoral intercondylar notch and ACL were measured. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to develop risk models for ACL injury in females and males separately.

Results:

For females, the best fitting model included width of the femoral notch at its anterior outlet and the posterior-inferior–directed slope of the lateral compartment articular cartilage surface, where a millimeter decrease in notch width and a degree increase in slope were independently associated with a 50% and 32% increase in risk of ACL injury, respectively. For males, a model that included ACL volume and the lateral compartment posterior meniscus to subchondral bone wedge angle was most highly associated with risk of ACL injury, where a 0.1 cm3 decrease in ACL volume (approximately 8% of the mean value) and a degree decrease in meniscus wedge angle were independently associated with a 43% and 23% increase in risk, correspondingly.

Conclusion:

Combinations of knee joint geometry measurements provided more information about the risk of noncontact ACL injury than individual measures, and the aspects of geometry that best explained the relationship between knee geometry and the risk of injury were different between males and females. Consequently, a female with both a decreased femoral notch width and an increased posterior-inferior–directed lateral compartment tibial articular cartilage slope combined or a male with a decreased ACL volume and decreased lateral compartment posterior meniscus angle were most at risk for sustaining an ACL injury.
Saving and Well-Being at the Base of the Pyramid
Authors: Martin Kelly D. , Hill Ronald Paul
Published: January 2015

Although much saving research has been conducted in affluent nations, little is known about consumer saving and well-being at the base of the pyramid, which includes over 3 billion people who live on less than US$2.50 per day. Research evidence suggests that financial situation, and especially saving, is central to well-being in impoverished societies; however, to our knowledge, this relationship has not been tested with a global sample. Thus, in this study, we consider how societal poverty, individual saving ability, and satisfaction with one’s household financial situation influence well-being. Further, we examine how poverty moderates the relationship between individual financial drivers and well-being to test the saving-well-being centrality assumption. Our multilevel study uses hierarchical linear models with about 50,000 consumers across 38 countries and demonstrates that as societal poverty increases, well-being decreases. Yet in high-poverty societies, saving greatly improves well-being. This significant finding among saving, poverty, and well-being is particularly telling, as household financial satisfaction was not moderated by societal poverty. As a result, we suggest novel transformative financial services that should improve the lives of the poor through formal saving mechanisms that are grounded in their lived experiences.
Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Bi3B5O12 Powders
Authors: Liang Feng , Zhou Yuan-Lin , Wang Shan-Qiang , Zhang Quan-Ping
Published: January 2015

In this letter, we report on oxoborate (Bi3B5O12) powders synthesized by a self-propagating high-temperature method for the first time. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated a partial orientation in the (200) plane promotes an improvement in optical properties related to photoluminescence (PL) intensity at room temperature and broad green PL emissions were tested with the excited wavelength at 250 nm, which offers much more possibilities as a sensitizer with bismuth phosphors for energy-saving lamps.
Ni0.85Se Nanostructures with Plate-like and Particle Morphologies and Their Catalytic Performances
Authors: Wang Xian-Wen , Wu Kong-Lin , Zhao Meng-Li , Zhang Zai-Xian , Ling Min , Liu Kun , Wei Xian-Wen , Liu Xiaowang , Yun Ruirui
Published: January 2015

Ni0.85Se plate-like nanostructures (PNSs) had been prepared by a template method, and by a similar process, the Ni0.85Se nanoparticles were obtained by using NiCl2·6H2O as the nickel source. The Ni0.85Se nanostructures (NSs) with different shapes exhibited high catalytic activities for hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with excess NaBH4. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first report on using Ni0.85Se NSs as catalysts for the reduction of 4-NP.
Co-text and receptive multilingualism ‒ Finnish students comprehending Estonian
Authors: Muikku-Werner Pirkko
Published: January 2015

This paper will offer some examples to explain the understanding of closely related languages. The traditional contrastive research in studying Estonian and Finnish has above all been based on similarities which have been studied on the level of, e.g., morphemes. However, resemblance is actually more holistic in nature. A rather new perspective on the intelligibility of closely related languages is that of receptive multilingualism. It refers to such communication where speakers use their L1s and understand the L1s of others. Common elements are often recognized in texts as well: cognates facilitate reading comprehension. The results of various translation tests show that the perceived similarity leads to different comprehension results in single items and in texts. Semantic relationships in phraseological units should also be considered and possibilities of improving mutual intelligibility by utilising semantic regularities will be discussed.Kokkuvõte. Pirkko Muikku-Werner: Ko-tekst ja retseptiivne mitmekeelsus – kuidas soome üliõpilased mõistavad eesti keelt. Tänapäevaseid keeleoskusnõudeid arvestades on mõistlik soodustada lähedaste sugulaskeelte, nagu eesti ja soome keele õppimist. Artikkel esitab näiteid, mis selgitavad arusaamist lähedaste sugulaskeelte vahel. Retseptiivse mitmekeelsuse uuringud sugulaskeele arusaadavusest emakeele baasil lähenevad mõistmisele üsnagi uuest vaatepunktist. Retseptiivne mitmekeelsus tähendab suhtlust, kus kõnelejad kasutavad oma emakeelt ja saavad aru oma kaasvestlejate emakeelest. Selle tähtsaks eelduseks on sarnasuste ärakasutamine holistilisematelt ja mitmekülgsematelt seisukohtadelt, kui seda varem on tehtud; näiteks ei liiguta pelgalt morfeemide tasandil, nagu soome ja eesti keele kontrastiivsed uuringud tavaliselt on teinud. Sarnasus on tegelikult palju holistlikum. Näiteks tekstidest ära tuntud sarnased elemendid lihtsustavad loetu mõistmist. Soome üliõpilaste seas läbi viidud testid näitavad, et tunnetatud sarnasus viib üksiksõnade ja lausetesse paigutatud sõnade tõlkimisel erinevate tulemusteni, mis annab tunnis tust ko(n)teksti olulisusest. Tähelepanu tasub pöörata ka fraseoloogilise ühendi liikmete vahelistele semantilistele suhetele. Nende vaheliste seaduspärasuste vaatlemine võib pakkuda uusi võimalusi lähedase sugulaskeele mõistmise lihtsustamiseks.Märksõnad: sarnasus, retseptiivne mitmekeelsus, sugulaskeeled, eesti keel, soome keel, arusaadavus, tõlketestid
English denominal conversion verbs and their Estonian equivalents: comparing translations and J. Silvet’s English-Estonian dictionary
Authors: Veldi Enn
Published: January 2015

Conversion is a highly efficient and economical word-formation process. It has enriched the English vocabulary considerably; however, translators and lexicographers are faced with the challenge of finding suitable translation equivalents. The study is based on the analysis of the Estonian translation equivalents of over two hundred English denominal verbs in three novels. The results show that apart from the well-established equivalents that can be found both in translations and in the dictionary, the analysis revealed 53 suitable equivalents that were not covered by the dictionary. Two thirds of them were multi-word equivalents; this indicates that multi-word equivalents deserve more attention when compiling bilingual dictionaries. The analysis also revealed 24 meanings with suitable equivalents, which were not listed in the dictionary.Kokkuvõte. Enn Veldi: Konversiooni abil tuletatud inglise desubstantiivsed verbid ning nende eestikeelsed vasted: tõlgete ja J. Silveti inglise-eesti sõnaraamatu võrdlus. Konversioon on ökonoomne sõnamoodustusprotsess, mis on rikastanud inglise keele sõnavara olulisel määral. Samas on tõlkijate ja leksikograafide ülesanne leida neile sobivad tõlkevasted. Artikkel põhineb üle 200 inglise desubstantiivse verbi tõlkevastete analüüsil, mis esinesid kolmes romaanis. Tulemused näitavad, et lisaks väljakujunenud tõlkevastetele, mis esinevad nii tõlgetes kui sõnaraamatus, leidus tõlgetes 53 sobivat tõlkevastet, mis sõnastikus kajastamist ei leidnud. Kaks kolmandikku neist olid mitmesõnalised vasted, mis näitab, et mitmesõnalised vasted väärivad kakskeelsete sõnaraamatute koostamisel rohkem tähelepanu. Tõlgete analüüs tõi samuti esile 24 tähendust koos sobivate tõlkevastetega, mis sõnastikus kajastamist ei leidnud.Märksõnad: konversioon, inglise keel, eesti keel, tõlkimine, ekvivalentsus, kakskeelne leksikograafia
The SEND Code explained
Authors: Sobel Daniel
Published: January 2015

Schools are still getting to grips with the implications of the SEN reforms and the new SEN and Disability Code of Practice. We asked inclusion expert Daniel Sobel to summarise the key changes
Autism and the SEND Code
Authors: Povey Carol
Published: January 2015

Autism is a common condition that many schools must work to support. Carol Povey outlines what some of the key changes within recent SEN reforms mean for young people with autism
Studying physico-mechanical properties of maleic acid grafted chitosan with metal as slow release fertilizers
Authors: Negim Elsayed , Bekbayeva Lyazzat , Jumabayeva Laura , Bakyt Azhar , Imandossova Aigul , Zhanybekova Assel , Yegizbayeva Shynar , Karimzhanova Zhanerke , Ubaidilla Datkhayev , Surif Misni
Published: January 2015

Chitosan (CS) was successfully grafted with maleic acid (MA) in 1% acetic acid solution by using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. The grafting yield (GY) up to 84.25 % and grafting efficiency (GE) of 64.82 % were achieved. The formation of grafted chitosan was confirmed with usual spectroscopic methods and thermal analysis. The raw grafted chitosan was mixed with Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in aqueous hydroxide solution and K+ in aqueous chromate solution. The reaction mixtures were separated from excess unreacted maleic acid and characterized as a reacted grafted chitosan. The results showed a new form of maleic grafted chitosan after the reaction with metals. Also, grafted of CS with MA provide a promising set of materials for potential slow release fertilizer applications.
The Representation of Muslims in Rudyard Kipling’s Short Stories: A Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Mugijatna M.
Published: January 2015

This article studies Rudyard Kipling’s four short stories, “Wee Willie Winkie”, “The Recrudescence of Imray”, “The Story of Muhammad Din”, and “Without Benefit of Clergy”. The purposes of this research are to describe the representation of Muslims in the four short stories and to describe how the representation of Muslims in the four short stories represents British colonization in India. In this paper, I employs textual study methodology using narrative analysis, binary-opposition analysis, and metaphorical iconicity analysis. The conclusion is that the representation of Muslims in the four short stories ranges from perceiving Muslims as bed men living in hills and forest to perceiving Muslims as the slaves of the British. In all the representations, the British is not presented as an oppressor, instead as a benevolent master. It is a metaphor of Kipling’s firm belief that the British were helping to civilize and educate a previously “savage” people. It disregards the fact that British colonization over India had ruined Islamic empire in India under Mogul Court sovereignty and ruined Indian economy and society organization.

[Penelitian ini mengkaji empat cerita pendek Rudyard Kipling, “Wee Willie Winkie”, “The Recrudescence of Imray”, “The Story of Muhammad Din”, dan “Without Benefit of Clergy”. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan representasi Muslim dalam empat cerita pendek tersebut dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana gambaran tersebut merepresentasikan kolonisasi Inggris atas India. Metode yang digunakan adalah metodologi kajian tekstual dengan analisis naratif, analisis oposisi-biner, dan analisis ikonositas metaforis. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa representasi Muslim dalam empat cerita pendek tersebut merentang mulai dari muslim sebagai orang-orang jahat yang hidup di gunung dan hutan hingga sebagai budak orang Inggris. Dalam represestasi itu orang Inggris tidak pernah digambarkan sebagai penindas. Representasi ini merupakan metafora kepercayaan Rudyard Kipling bahwa kehadiran Inggris di India adalah untuk mengadabkan dan mendidik orang India yang semula liar. Representasi ini mengabaikan kenyataan bahwa kehadiran Inggris di India telah menghancurkan imperium Islam di India di bawah kedaulatan Istana Mogul dan meruntuhkan ekonomi dan susunan masyarakat India.]
Data do not support the use of elevated urinary nerve growth factor and fractalkine levels as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for women with overactive bladder
Authors: Basok Erem Kaan , Basok Banu Isbilen , Pelit Eyup Sabri , Yildirim Asif , Isman Ferruh Kemal , Caskurlu Turhan
Published: January 2015

Objective: This study investigated urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) and fractalkine levels in women with overactive bladder (OAB), as well as diagnostic and/or prognostic roles, and correlation of these urinary biomarkers with symptom severity of patients.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven women with OAB and 26 healthy subjects were enrolled. Patients were diagnosed with OAB based on symptoms, a 3-day voiding diary and a validated Turkish version of the Overactive Bladder-Validated 8 (OAB-V8) questionnaire. The urinary baseline levels of NGF and fractalkine were compared between OAB patients and control group. The Turkish-validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form and OAB-V8 used to categorize patients according to disease severity to assess treatment efficacy. Further urinary NGF and fractalkine levels were compared before and after antimuscarinic treatment.
Results: Urinary NGF/creatinine (Cr) and fractalkine/Cr were significantly elevated in OAB patients (0.40 ± 0.40 ng/mg and 4.63 ± 4.36 ng/mg, respectively) compared to healthy subjects (0.14 ± 0.08 ng/mg and 2.00 ± 1.29 ng/mg, P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were 85.2%, 65.4% for NGF, and 74.1%, 65.4% for fractalkine, respectively. No significant differences in NGF/Cr and fractalkine/Cr compared to baseline (P = 0.063 and 0.162, respectively) were observed after trospium chloride treatment in OAB patients. NGF/Cr and fractalkine/Cr exhibited no correlations with symptom severity levels.
Conclusions: Increased urinary NGF/Cr and fractalkine/Cr levels were found in OAB women. However, the sensitivity and specificity were not sufficient for diagnostic use. NGF and fractalkine levels were decreased after treatment insignificantly, and there was no correlation with symptom severity; therefore their prognostic worth was limited.
Geophytes of northern Western Ghats (Sahyadri Ranges) of India: a checklist
Authors: Gaikwad Sayajirao , Gore Ramchandra , Garad Krushnadeoray , Gaikwad Sampatrao , Mulani Ramjan
Published: January 2015

The geophytes in the northern Western Ghats are a significant component of the herbaceous flora, both in terms of abundance and diversity, and comprise approximately 10% of plant species. About 186 geophytic taxa were here recorded from northern Western Ghats of India during the present work. Of them, 62 geophytes are known only from northern Western Ghats. At least 22 plant families exhibit this life form. In the study region, geophytes have adapted to a monsoon seasonality. They sprout new foliage with the onset of monsoon rain in June and complete their life cycle in October when monsoon rains halt. Many of them produce flowers during the vegetative growing season but some charismatically flowers in summer season (April–May), often without leaves. A few taxa have abandoned their geophytic habit and grow in seasonal water bodies, and possess leaves without stomata and non-buoyant seeds.
Pipe-jacked canopy performance at Bond Street, London, UK
Authors: Farrell Ruaidhri , Terry David
Published: January 2015

As part of the Bond Street underground railway station upgrade works in London, UK over 500 m of tunnels are being built in a dense urban environment. Tunnelling-induced settlements presented a significant risk to the functionality of a sensitive set of escalators within the existing station. As a means of reducing the risk to their operation, a pipe canopy, consisting of 12 steel tubes 325 mm in diameter, was installed directly above the tunnel crown. Measurements of the forces required to drive the pipe canopy tubes are discussed in relation to pipe-jacking theory, with guidance being provided for the future use of this method in London Clay. Instrumentation installed within the pipe canopy is then used to describe its response to tunnelling. Tunnelling-induced settlements of the escalator are also presented and used to describe the complex soil–structure interaction mechanism. Comparisons of the pipe response with predictions made using a semi-empirical elastic continuum method demonstrate that relatively simple calculations can be used to quantify conservatively the likely reduction in settlements caused by a pipe canopy. Based on the observations, key design parameters are identified and a method for selecting values for these parameters is proposed.
Numerical Methods for Three-Dimensional Reservoir Models
Authors: Azizi K.
Published: January 2015

This paper presents techniques for the mathematical modeling of physical systems which are described by linear and non-linear partial differential equations. The most popular numerical methods for the solution of non- linear and even some linear problems are based on finite-difference approximations for the derivatives. This paper presents finite-difference methods which are most suitable when changes are taking place in all three space coordinate directions and in the time direction. The main concern here is with physical systems – such as petroleum reservoirs – which are often described by a set of parabolic and/or elliptic partial differential equations.
Use of Polymers to Control Clay Swelling
Authors: Slobod R.L. , Beiswanger J.P.G.
Published: January 2015

The injection of water to displace oil is one of the main methods used to increase oil recovery. High injection rates are generally desired, and in some cases the flood will not be economic unless high rates are maintained. The presence of clays which swell in the presence of water offers a complication to the problem of maintaining adequate infectivity. In the course of this study we observed that certain polymers, when present in dilute concentrations in the water, had the ability to reduce the response of these clays to fresh water. Two polymers, one anionic and the other nonionic, were found to be very effective in controlling the clays present in Berea cores. Successful control of clay swelling was obtained by the use of solutions containing as little as 1.0 ppm of polymer, but at this low concentration appreciable volumes of treating solution were required.

These results suggest that some minimum amount of polymer must be adsorbed to prevent clay swelling. In Berea sandstone, this minimum amount appeared to be of the order of 0.03 mg per cc of pore space. A series of tests made using 10.0 ppm polymer showed that the polymer could be made to move through the porous system in which 0.066/mg of polymer was adsorbed per cc of pore space. This amount, equivalent to 0.023 lb of polymer per barrel of pore space, appears to be of economic interest.
A Performance Review of the SEDCO 135-F Semi-Submersible Drilling Vessel
Authors: Watts J.S. , Faulkner R.E.
Published: January 2015

This paper describes the operational performance of the offshore drilling vessel SEDCO 135-F during the first ten months of exploratory drilling for Shell Canada Limited, off the west coast of British Columbia. Four wells have been drilled, for a total footage of 37,852 feet in 270 days, since the commencement of operations in June, 1967 and drilling is now in progress at the fifth test site.

The vessel has remained on location continuously throughout the winter in the face of storm winds gusting to 92 mph and seas of up to 58 feet. Drilling operations have been conducted in 72-mph winds and 30- to 40-ft seas.

Included in the paper is a drilling time summary and a review of weather and sea conditions encountered to date. Response data recorded on the SEDCO 135-F are compared with model test data accumulated prior to the start of the program. Performance data on the vessel, its mooring system and the associated drilling equipment are presented.

Operating experience accumulated during the first ten months of drilling with the SEDCO 135-F confirms the feasibility of year-round drilling operations off the west coast of British Columbia.
Application of a Compositional Mathematical Model to Reservoir Simulation: Case 1 - The Linear Model
Authors: Roebuck I.F. , Henderson G.E. , Douglas J. , Ford W.T.
Published: January 2015

An implicit numerical method is presented for simulating the differential and algebraic relations governing one dimensional, three-phase flow in porous media. The method is based upon compositional representation of the hydrocarbon system. Variable physical properties and water oil capillary forces are included in the formulation; however, in the model described the effect of gravity is ignored. The effects of changing composition and mass transfer are considered through the use of known phase behaviour concepts and correlations.

Presented are the results of using this method on a single-phase, two-hydrocarbon-component gas displacement laboratory experiment. To further examine the validity of the formulation, the method is also applied in simulating both a solution gas drive and a gas injection problem using a reservoir oil represented as a nine-component mixture. These latter two problems are examined in comparison with a simulation using a one-dimensional volumetric model.

The results of these studies demonstrate not only the validity and relevance of this method, but also the necessity of this approach in application to the general reservoir engineering problem.
Computer Control of Gas Transmission
Authors: Walters R.M.
Published: January 2015

The Alberta Gas Trunk Line Company Limited are now completing an automation program which permits basically " unattended" operation of field facilities. Gas receipts and deliveries are controlled from a Dispatch Centre in Calgary.

A dispatcher obtains required gas flows into the system by the issuance of flow orders to the producers. Gas transmission and deliveries are controlled by the dispatcher's issuance of telemetered commands to field equipment.

A supervisory system has been installed, consisting of master station equipment in the Dispatch Centre and remote supervisory panels at major field facilities. Telemetering is accomplished over leased circuits that are also used for voice communication.

The supervisory system gathers and stores field data from major receipt, transmission and delivery points. It alerts the dispatcher of abnormal conditions requiring his attention. It performs computations and displays information to assist the dispatcher in proper courses of action. The supervisory system also enables the dispatcher to implement commands directly to field equipment.

The computer is an integral part of the supervisory system. It performs many supervisory functions that alternatively would require hard wired equipment, and is justified by these savings alone. The computer's computational and storage abilities also provide information that would be impractical to obtain by other equipment. A third advantage of the computer is the flexibility of its operation, which allows many modifications and additions to be made by minor program changes.

The computer currently performs many tasks, but it is still idling much of the time. New assignments are being written, and it is expected that the computer will play a larger role in years to come.

The automation of its facilities is enabling Alberta Gas Trunk Line to cope with a rapidly expanding system, and is resulting in a better and more efficient operation.
Thomas-Fermi method for computing the electron spectrum and wave functions of highly doped quantum wires in n-Si
Authors: Grimalsky Volodymyr , Oubram Outmane , Koshevaya Svetlana , Castrejon-Martinez Christian
Published: January 2015

The application of the Thomas-Fermi method to calculate the electron spectrum
in quantum wells formed by highly doped n-Si quantum wires is presented under
finite temperatures where the many-body effects, like exchange, are taken
into account. The electron potential energy is calculated initially from a
single equation. Then the electron energy sub-levels and the wave functions
within the potential well are simulated from the Schr?dinger equation. For
axially symmetric wave functions the shooting method has been used. Two
methods have been applied to solve the Schr?dinger equation in the case of
the anisotropic effective electron mass, the variation method and the
iteration procedure for the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian matrix.
Temperature measurement performance of silicon piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensors for industrial applications
Authors: Frantlovic Milos , Jokic Ivana , Lazic Zarko , Vukelic Branko , Obradov Marko , Vasiljevic-Radovic Dana , Stankovic Srdjan
Published: January 2015

Temperature and pressure are the most common parameters to be measured and
monitored not only in industrial processes but in many other fields from
vehicles and healthcare to household appliances. Silicon
microelectromechanical (MEMS) piezoresistive pressure sensors are the first
and the most successful MEMS sensors, offering high sensitivity, solid-state
reliability and small dimensions at a low cost achieved by mass production.
The inherent temperature dependence of the output signal of such sensors
adversely affects their pressure measurement performance, necessitating the
use of correction methods in a majority of cases. However, the same effect
can be utilized for temperature measurement, thus enabling new sensor
applications. In this paper we perform characterization of MEMS
piezoresistive pressure sensors for temperature measurement, propose a sensor
correction method, and demonstrate that the measurement error as low as ?
0.3?C can be achieved.
An improved nanoscale transmission line model of microtubule: The effect of nonlinearity on the propagation of electrical signals
Authors: Sekulic Dalibor , Sataric Miljko
Published: January 2015

In what manner the microtubules, cytoskeletal nanotubes, handle and process
electrical signals is still uncompleted puzzle. These bio-macromolecules have
highly charged surfaces that enable them to conduct electric signals. In the
context of electrodynamic properties of microtubule, the paper proposes an
improved electrical model for divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) based on the
cylindrical structure of microtubule with nano-pores in its wall. Relying on
our earlier ideas, we represent this protein-based nanotube with the
surrounding ions as biomolecular nonlinear transmission line with
corresponding nanoscale electric elements in it. One of the key aspects is
the nonlinearity of associated capacitance due to the effect of
shrinking/stretching and oscillation of C-terminal tails. Accordingly, a
characteristic voltage equation of electrical model of microtubule and
influence of capacitance nonlinearity on the propagation of electrical pulses
are numerically analyzed here.
Grain size distribution after similar and dissimilar gas tungsten arc welding of a ferritic stainless steel
Authors: Ranjbarnodeh E. , Serajzadeh S. , Kokabi A.H. , Fischer A.
Published: January 2015

In this study, gas tungsten arc welding of ferritic stainless steel and grain
size distribution in heat affected zone of the welded samples were
investigated. Both similar and dissimilar arc welding operations were
considered where in dissimilar welding joining of stainless steel to mild
steel was examined. In the first stage, a three-dimensional model was
developed to evaluate temperature field during and after arc welding while
the model was performed using finite element software, ANSYS. Then, the
effects of welding heat input and dissimilarity of the joint on the weld pool
shape and grain growth in HAZ of stainless steel was investigated by means of
model predictions and experimental observations. The results show that the
similar joint produces wider HAZ and considerably larger grain size structure
while in the dissimilar welds, the low carbon part acts as an effective heat
sink and prevents the grain growth in the stainless steel side as well
reduces the welding maximum temperature.
Epistemic contextualism
Authors: Lazovic Zivan
Published: January 2015

The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the main topic of
this issue of Theoria. First, the author presents the key thesis of epistemic
contextualism, outlines its development in contemporary epistemology and
briefly characterizes its two versions, namely conversational and inferential
contextualism. Second, the author focuses on some contextualist solutions to
three major epistemological problems: the problem of scepticism, lottery, and
Gettier's problem. The author agrees with Stewart Cohen that Gettier?s
problem does not belong to this group and explains why both its formulation
and a solution require a traditional, invariantist approach.
Inferential contextualism as an epistemic anti-skeptical strategy
Authors: Bogdanovski Masan
Published: January 2015

This paper analyzes the advantages inferential contextualism has over the
other contextualist theories in epistemology. Inferential contextualism is
labelled as an epistemic anti-skeptical strategy, contrary to the semantic
strategies that are also inspired by the Wittgenstein?s book On Certainty. It
is claimed that there are certain internal incoherencies within the epistemic
strategies, which gives an advantage to the semantic ones, both in the
argumentation against skepticism and as an interpretation of Wittgenstein.
Cohen’s and Lewis’ solutions to the lottery paradox
Authors: Jovanovic Milan
Published: January 2015

The lottery paradox is considered to be one of the biggest problems
concerning fallibilism in epistemology. This paper offers a presentation and
critical analysis of two different contextualistic solutions to that paradox.
The first part of the paper deals with the lottery paradox and Stewart
Cohen?s proposed solution. The second part is a presentation of David Lewis?
solution to that epistemological problem. The two analyses offered serve to
show that Cohen is (while Lewis is not) committed to the claim that the same
solution can be used for both: the lottery paradox and for the problem of
skepticism. In the final part of the paper the main focus is on the question
whether the same explanation of how conversational mechanisms work can really
serve to explain these two problems of contemporary epistemology. It is
argued, mainly on the basis of modal interpretation of the relevant
alternatives approach, that there is a significant difference in structure
between these two problems, and that they, therefore, deserve different
treatment.
Quality of analgesia after lower third molar surgery: A randomised, double-blind study of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine with epinephrine
Authors: Brajkovic Denis , Biocanin Vladimir , Milic Marija , Vucetic Milan , Petrovic Renata , Brkovic Bozidar
Published: January 2015

Background/Aim. Surgical extraction of lower third molars is followed by mild
or severe postoperative pain which peaks at maximal intensity in the first 12
hours and has a significant impact on a patient?s postoperative quality of
life. The use of long-acting local anaesthetics is a promising strategy to
improve postoperative analgesia. The aim of the present study was to
investigate analgesic parameters and patient satisfaction after using 0.5%
levobupivacaine (Lbup), 0.5% bupivacaine (Bup) and 2% lidocaine with
epinephrine 1:80,000 (Lid + Epi) for an inferior alveolar nerve block
following lower third molar surgery. Methods. A total of 102 patients (ASA I)
were divided into three groups, each of which received either 3 mL of Lbup,
Bup or Lid + Epi. The intensity of postoperative analgesia was measured using
a verbal rating scale (VRS). The total amounts of rescue analgesics were
recorded on the first and during seven postoperative days. Patients
satisfaction was noted using a modified verbal scales. Results. A
significantly higher level of postoperative pain was recorded in Lid + Epi
group compared to Bup and Lbup groups. No significant differences were seen
between Bup and Lbup, but a significant reduction in the need for rescue
analgesics was seen postoperatively in both Lbup and Bup (50%) in comparison
with Lid + Epi (80%) in the first 24 hours. The same significant trend in
rescue analgesic consumption was recorded for seven postoperative days.
Patients? overall satisfaction was significantly lower for Lid + Epi (10%)
than for Lbup (56%) and Bup (52%). Conclusion. The use of a new and
long-acting local anaesthetic 0.5% levobupivacaine is clinically relevant and
effective for an inferior alveolar nerve block and postoperative pain control
after third molar surgery. In our study Lbup and Bup controled postoperative
pain more efficiently after lower third molar surgery compared to Lid + Epi.
Dutch Cyberbullying Victims’ Experiences, Perceptions, Attitudes and Motivations Related to (Coping with) Cyberbullying: Focus Group Interviews
Authors: Jacobs Niels , Goossens Linda , Dehue Francine , Völlink Trijntje , Lechner Lilian
Published: January 2015

Because of the negative effects of cyberbullying; and because of its unique characteristics; interventions to stop cyberbullying are needed. For this purpose, more insightful information is needed about cyberbullying victims’ (i.e., the target group) experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying. Five schools with 66 low-educated Dutch adolescents between 12 and 15 (53% female) participated in 10 focus group interviews. Results show that victims do not perceive all behaviors as cyberbullying and traditional bullying is generally perceived as worse than cyberbullying. Cyberbullies are perceived as sad, cowards and embarrassing themselves. Victims are perceived as easy targets; they wear strange clothes, act in a provocative manner and have a bad appearance. These perceptions often depend on context, the level of anonymity, being in a fight or not, the person sending the message and his/her behavior. Further, victims reacted to cyberbullying by acting nonchalant, by not actually saying anything and seeking help from others (i.e., parents are not often asked for help because they do not want to bother them; fear of restricted Internet privileges). It can be concluded that asking cyberbullying victims about their experiences in an open manner, and allowing them to discuss these experiences, likely results in new and insightful information compared to using self-reports. In this questioning the perception of adolescents is key to see what is perceived as cyberbullying.
Apuntes sobre la geografía eclesiástica de Ourense: Tourém, Lama de Arcos, «Couto Mixto» y «Pueblos Promiscuos»
Authors: Hernández Figueiredo José Ramón
Published: January 2015

Conocer la geografía eclesiástica de una diócesis resulta ser una tarea fundamental para comprender su memoria histórica. Los inéditos fondos vaticanos ofrecen una valiosa información para conocer las luces y las sombras de la Iglesia diocesana en el periodo contemporáneo. En este artículo se presentan los procesos documentales del desmembramiento de las parroquias de San Pedro de Tourém y Santa María de Lama de Arcos, así como la solución a la cuestión del “Couto Mixto” y los “Pueblos Promisicuos”, y el último arreglo del decreto de la Congregación Consistorial de 1954.

[gl] Coñecer a xeografía eclesiástica dunha diocese resulta ser unha tarefa fundamental para comprender a súa memoria histórica. Os inéditos fondos vaticanos ofrecen unha valiosa información para coñecer as luces e as sombras da Igrexa diocesana no periodo contemporáneo. Neste artigo preséntanse os procesos documentais do desmembramento das parroquias de San Pedro de Tourém e Santa María de Lama de Arcos, así como a solución á cuestión do “Couto Mixto” e os “Pobos Promisicuos”, e o último arranxo do decreto da Congregación Consistorial de 1954.
Violence and the politics of memory in a global context: An overture
Authors: Hristova Marije , Douglas Lee , De Kerangat Zoé , Ferrándiz Francisco
Published: January 2015

Engaging with a growing body of literature regarding post-violence remembrance, this article considers how distinct disciplines approach the study of contemporary “memory cultures” and addresses the issues that arise when violent pasts are considered in a global, comparative perspective. The paper reflects on theoretical and conceptual debates that have emerged in the permanent seminar, Traces and Faces of Violence, an intellectual ILLACCHS- CSIC-based symposium dedicated to the interdisciplinary, comparative analysis of post-violence memory cultures in different social, political and historical contexts. It identifies two specific arenas of interpretation that have been particularly useful for engaging with global memory studies literature: the historical, judicial, political, social and personal discourses regarding the past and reflections on the relationship between memory and materiality. By “traveling” through a series of case studies and by identifying their points of convergence, as well as their points of tension, this “overture” suggests that we approach the temporal and spatial movement of memory, as well as its immobility, as two ends in the process of remembering. In doing so, the article illustrates how local case studies inform, shape and transform globally circulating discourses and how the emergent transnational repertoire of knowledge regarding violent pasts provides a framework for reacting to a wide variety of local struggles.
Oradour-sur-Glane: On the emergence of a glocal site of memory in France
Authors: Léger Eva
Published: January 2015

Oradour-sur-Glane (France) is the memorial site of a massacre perpetrated by the Second SS Panzer Division Das Reich on June 10th, 1944. It preserves the memory of the 642 people slaughtered there, including 18 Spanish refugees. In 1945, the French State, led by General de Gaulle, decided to preserve the ruins of Oradour-sur- Glane. Since then, a series of commemorative processes have ensued at the site, corresponding to different temporalities. Over time, this site of national memory has been linked both with European memory discourse and with the private memory of exiled Spaniards and, consequently, with the memory of the Spanish Civil War and Francoism. In this article, I analyze the different appropriations and interpretations of the site, focusing in particular on the memory of the exiles. To do so, I will look into the initiatives undertaken between 2008 and 2014, considering both the institutions and the associations related to Oradour-sur-Glane.
“Ala y Raíz”. Identity and nationalism in Cuba during the Republic period through Revista de Avance (1927-1930)
Authors: Ramírez Chicharro Manuel
Published: January 2015

The following study deals with how the cultural elites defined the paradigm of identity in Cuba during the first third of the twentieth century by one of the most important publications by the time in Cuba, but also in Latin America: Revista de Avance (1927-1930). Firstly, it is exposed the historiography about the identity in Cuba. Then, It is explained the historical context in which it was Cuba, when the editorial team was formed. Finally, taking into account the social origins and ideological affinities of the editorial team and the other essayist, it is tried to be drawn what characterizes and constitutes, according to them, the “cuban nature”.
What Motivates People to Customize Apparel Online?
Authors: Cho Hira
Published: January 2015

The adoption of customizing features is expected to provide a strategic advantage to e-retailers that want to move forward in a competitive environment. The goal of this chapter is to identify a variety of aspects of consumer perceptions on e-customization for apparel shopping and to understand what can motivate the willingness of consumers to participate in the value creation process. A survey was conducted using developed customization websites for the ordering of a pair of jeans. Data were collected from 213 female college students in the U.S. Their statements after experiencing the customization process were analyzed and categorized into three dimensions of benefits (usefulness, convenience, and fun/enjoyment) and five dimensions of costs (risk, limitation, self-assurance, time consumption, and unappealing) of e-customization. Based on the findings, two discussion topics were drawn: why people are willing or unwilling to customize apparel online. Insights are generated and future research directions are discussed.
Relationship Marketing on Public Social Software Platforms in the Airport Industry
Authors: Tenge Marion
Published: January 2015

The European airport industry has experienced an extensive transformation over the last decade. Air traffic liberalization, airport privatization, and corporatization required airports to become more commercially focused. In response to competitive pressure to attract airlines and passengers, airports needed to take a genuine customer-centric approach to airport service quality. The advent of public Social Software Platforms (SSP), such as the online social network Facebook, provided airports with the opportunity to build a relationship with their passengers and leverage rich knowledge about passenger needs and requirements. The purpose of the chapter is to propose and test a theoretical framework on how the motivation of passengers to volunteer information on the corporate Facebook pages of airports can be increased. The framework draws on the “need-satisfier” approach of economist Max-Neef and insights from self-determination theory. Self-determination theory considers the satisfaction of socio-psychological human needs as motivator of behavior. Finally, the chapter suggests success factors for harnessing the Relationship Marketing potential of SSP.
Automated Technology Integrations for Customer Satisfaction Assessment
Authors: Ooi Chien Shing , Seng Kah Phooi , Ang Li-Minn
Published: January 2015

This chapter presents the automated technology integrations for organizations to assess their customer satisfaction. The technology utilizations of most of the organizations to communicate with customers are summarized. This chapter also compares the common resources that are used to measure customer satisfaction. The main part of this chapter describes the related concerns and challenges faced by the business regarding customer satisfaction. This chapter introduces the integrations of automated technology components, such as Automated Emotion Recognition System and Automated Text Content Analysis Tool. These components can be integrated into communication tools to solve the existing problems efficiently and improve the assessment of customer satisfaction.