bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to dismantle modern stressors: does a short trip to simulated Paleolithic conditions in the wild reduce cortisol levels?
Authors: Freese Jens , Schnell Simon , Schäfer Alina , Klement Rainer J. , Krüger Sascha , Lückemann Laura , Lötzerich Helmut
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic stress has become a central problem of our modern society. It appears plausible that our Paleolithic ancestors were more exposed to acutely life-threatening stress stimuli than chronically enduring psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to test whether it is possible to reduce physiological and psychological stress parameters by returning to simulated Paleolithic lifestyle conditions.

Methods: In total, 15 volunteers undertook a four-day hiking tour simulating hunter-gatherer lifestyle conditions in a National Park. Saliva samples were taken at 5, 6 and 7 pm prior to, during and after the intervention and evaluated for cortisol concentration. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Questionnaire.

Results: The study was completed by 11 of the subjects. Mean body weight and fat mass decreased significantly during the intervention by 2.3 and 2.2 kg, respectively. There was a marked increase in cortisol levels on the first day of the intervention compared to baseline with a gradual return to baseline levels on the subsequent days. Individual cortisol responses were heterogeneous; in threes subjects, cortisol concentrations generally decreased from 5 to 7 pm, while in four subjects the opposite trend was observed.   

Conclusions: During this four-day outdoor intervention under simulated Paleolithic conditions, significant changes occurred almost exclusively at the first day of the study. The increase in cortisol levels at this point supports the hypothesis that some individuals respond by an increased release of cortisol as a result of adaptation to new environmental conditions.
The evidence for interventions in early childhood allergy prevention – towards a living systematic review: protocol
Authors: Matterne Uwe , Tischer Christina , Wang Jiancong , Knüttel Helge , Genuneit Jon , Perkin Michael , Apfelbacher Christian
Published: March 2021

Background: Research in early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) is flourishing and new intervention strategies have proven to be promising. Due to the dynamic nature of ECAP, gaps between what is known and how guidelines inform practice are likely. A living systematic review (LSR) can narrow this gap by incorporating new evidence as it becomes available. No efficacy comparisons across various ECAP interventions for similar outcomes have been carried out. Networks of randomised clinical trials can be evaluated in the context of a network meta-analysis (NMA). We aim to establish a LSR on the efficacy and safety of any intervention investigated in randomised controlled trials (RCT) to prevent the occurrence of allergic sensitisation (AS), symptoms or diagnoses of allergic diseases in infancy and early childhood (0-3 years).

Methods: A baseline SR will synthesise the evidence from existing SRs of RCTs as well as RCTs not yet considered in these. After completion of the baseline SR we propose to conduct a LSR. Using this methodology, we aim to undertake constant evidence surveillance, three-monthly search updates, and review updates every three months, should new evidence emerge.

Conclusions: The ECAP evidence landscape has undergone dramatic transformations and this process is likely to continue. As a response to this, a LSR offers the potential to allow more timely synthesis of new evidence as it emerges. Long gaps between updates of SRs makes it harder for guidelines and recommendations to be up to date. Users of information, such as parents, may be confused if they encounter new evidence that is not part of a trusted guideline. A LSR approach allows us to continuously search the literature and update the evidence-base of existing ECAP interventions resulting in a decreased timespan from evidence accrual to informing clinical practice.
Workplace mental health promotion in a large state organization: Perceived needs, expected effects, neglected side effects
Authors: Werk Lilly Paulin , Muschalla Beate
Published: March 2021

Background: Work ability and mental health in the workplace is increasingly promoted in terms of workplace health management. In order to select suitable interventions at work in a concrete context, employees and managers of a large state organization (science and development sector) were asked about perceived needs, desired effects and possible side effects of health promotion interventions.

Methods: 13 semi-structured interviews with managers and five focus group interviews with employees (N = 20) were conducted in autumn 2020 by a behavior therapist in training. The evaluation was carried out by a qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts according to a deductive procedure and was checked by two independent raters.

Results: Most frequently, need was expressed for individual case counselling by a health expert due to the diversity of work-related problems. Managers would like to see more health-related leadership training, and a review of the various communication channels of their organization. Expected positive effects are increased self-efficacy, higher person-job-fits and reduced absenteeism. Side effects were mentioned, such as confusion of health management activities with therapy, or sensitization effects when speaking too much about mental health in mentally healthy teams. Lack of competence with the topic of mental health was mentioned as a reason for non-participation in mental health promotion activities.

Conclusions: The role of managers in relation to mental health needs to be more defined. Side effects related to mental health activities should be considered in evaluations. Selection of health interventions should depend on the concrete needs of the organization.
Inclusive education of children with disabilities psychological and pedagogical support of preschool children with visual impairments
Authors: Plaksina Lyubov' , Druzhinina Liliya , Osipova Larisa
Published: March 2021

The textbook deals with theoretical and methodological issues of inclusive education of children with visual impairments. Clinical, psychological and pedagogical characteristics of preschool children with visual impairments are given. The features of the organization of the subject-spatial environment, the correctional orientation of general education classes are shown. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of training "Special (defectological) education", "Psychological and pedagogical education" , for students of advanced training and retraining courses in the field of special and inclusive education.
Defining Measures in a Mereological Space (an exploratory paper)
Authors: Barbieri Giuseppina , Gerla Giangiacomo
Published: March 2021

We explore the notion of a measure in a mereological structure and we deal with the difficulties arising. We show that measure theory on connection spaces is closely related to measure theory on the class of ortholattices and we present an approach akin to Dempster’s and Shafer’s. Finally, the paper contains some suggestions for further research.
M♮-Convexity and Its Applications in Operations
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Menglong
Published: March 2021

A new approach for structural analysis of operations models with substitutability structures. In many operations models with substitutability structures, one often ends up with parametric optimization models that maximize submodular objective functions, and it is desirable to derive structural properties including monotone comparative statics of the optimal solutions or preservation of submodularity under the optimization operations. Yet, this task is challenging because the classical and commonly used results in lattice programming, applicable to optimization models with supermodular objective function maximization, do not apply. Using a key concept in discrete convex analysis, M♮-convexity, Chen and Li establish conditions under which the optimal solutions are nonincreasing in the parameters and the preservation property holds for parametric maximization models with submodular objectives, together with the development of several new fundamental properties of M♮-convexity. Their approach is powerful as demonstrated by applications in a classical multiproduct stochastic inventory model and a portfolio contract model.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Study against Plasmodium falciparum of a Series of Derivatives of Azetidine-2-Carbonitriles by the Method of Density Functional Theory
Authors: N’dri Jean Stéphane , Ouattara Bafétigué , Koné Mamadou Guy-Richard , Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude , Dembélé Georges Stéphane , Kodjo Charles Guillaume , Ziao Nahossé
Published: March 2021

This work deals with a Quantitative Structure-Activity study against Plasmodium falciparum of a series of Azetidine-2-carbonitrile derivatives. Using the MLR and MNLR methods from excel and xlstat software, we have been able to develop two QSAR models based on molecular descriptors and plasmodial activity. Calculation level B3LYP/6-311 G (d, p) was used to determine molecular descriptors. The statistical indicators of the first model obtained by the MLR method are: the regression coefficient found was R2 = 0.939 with a standard deviation S =0.266, Fischer's coefficient F =82.064, and a cross-validation correlation coefficient  =0.935. The parameters of the second model developed by the MNLR method are: the regression coefficient R2: de 0.953, a standard deviation S of 0.258, the Fischer's test F of 108.957, and the correlation coefficient of the cross-validation  =0.951. Moreover, these models have shown some interesting statistical performance. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the dipole moment (µD), and the partition coefficient (log P) are the molecular descriptors responsible for the Plasmodium falciparum activity of Azetidine-derivatives 2-carbonitriles. Furthermore, the partition coefficient is the primary descriptor for predicting the biological activity of the studied compounds. From the findings, Eriksson et al. and the external validation criteria of Tropsha used to implement the test are verified and accurate.
Photosensitivity and reflectivity of the active layer in a Tamm-plasmon-polariton-based organic solar cell
Authors: Bikbaev Rashid G. , Vetrov Stepan Ya. , Timofeev Ivan V. , Shabanov Vasily F.
Published: March 2021

We report on a model of an organic solar cell in which a photosensitive layer doped with plasmon nanoparticles acts as not only an absorbing element but also a mirror involved in the formation of the Tamm plasmon polariton. It is shown that such solar cells can be fabricated without metal contacts, thus avoiding undesired losses in the system. Methods for an additional increase in the integral absorption by applying metal or dielectric mirrors to the lower boundary of the photonic crystal are proposed. It has been found that the integral absorption in the active layer can be increased by 15% compared to classical optimized planar solar cells.
Sampling a vortex from a Gaussian beam using a wedge-plate shearing interferometer
Authors: Kerridge-Johns William R. , Jaillot Jean-Benoît , Damzen Michael J.
Published: March 2021

Many vortex-generation techniques have been developed to address a range of potential applications, exploiting their unique amplitude and phase profiles and their possession of orbital angular momentum. In this work, we present what may be the simplest method of vortex beam generation, requiring only a wedged optic: the wedge-plate shearing interferometer (WPSI). We show that the WPSI can reflect a first order Laguerre–Gaussian vortex beam (

L
G

01

) with a theoretical purity of

>

99

%

from an input fundamental Gaussian beam, with 98%

L
G

01

purity experimentally demonstrated. We demonstrate 1% power conversion with a route to 14%. The monolithic WPSI is a simple, compact, and highly stable device, which can operate at any wavelength that the material is transparent to. We anticipate that it will be useful where sampling a robust, high-purity vortex beam from a Gaussian laser beam is required, including low-cost vortex generation for metrology or education.
Confocal super-resolution microscopy based on a spatial mode sorter
Authors: Bearne Katherine K. M. , Zhou Yiyu , Braverman Boris , Yang Jing , Wadood S. A. , Jordan Andrew N. , Vamivakas A. N. , Shi Zhimin , Boyd Robert W.
Published: March 2021

Spatial resolution is one of the most important specifications of an imaging system. Recent results in the quantum parameter estimation theory reveal that an arbitrarily small distance between two incoherent point sources can always be efficiently determined through the use of a spatial mode sorter. However, extending this procedure to a general object consisting of many incoherent point sources remains challenging, due to the intrinsic complexity of multi-parameter estimation problems. Here, we generalize the Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution algorithm to address this challenge. We simulate its application to an incoherent confocal microscope, with a Zernike spatial mode sorter replacing the pinhole used in a conventional confocal microscope. We test different spatially incoherent objects of arbitrary geometry, and we find that the resolution enhancement of sorter-based microscopy is on average over 30% higher than that of a conventional confocal microscope using the standard RL deconvolution algorithm. Our method could potentially be used in diverse applications such as fluorescence microscopy and astronomical imaging.
Reliable model to estimate the profile of the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) and integrated astroclimatic parameters in the atmosphere
Authors: Wu Su , Wu Xiaoqing , Su Changdong , Yang Qike , Xu Jiangyue , Luo Tao , Huang Chan , Qing Chun
Published: March 2021

Based on the statistical study of meteorological balloons equipped with thermosondes, a new model that estimates the profile of the refractive index structure constant (

C
n
2

) is proposed. Utilizing temperature, pressure, and wind shear as inputs, this new approach can estimate vertical profiles of

C
n
2

with 100 m vertical resolution. We used four outer scale models (Thorpe, HMNSP99, Dewan, and our proposed model) on data acquired from Rongcheng (Shandong Peninsula) and Maoming (Guangdong Province) to estimate the

C
n
2

profiles and compared the results with the measured

C
n
2

profile. The proposed method outperformed the other three models, yielding an estimation profile that matched well with the measured median

C
n
2

profiles, with an average relative error generally less than 3.5% and a mean correlation coefficient larger than 0.72 in Maoming, an average relative error generally less than 3.4% and a mean correlation coefficient larger than 0.84 in Rongcheng. The proposed outer scale model also shows good performance in estimating integrated atmospheric parameters.
Weakly supervised individual ganglion cell segmentation from adaptive
optics OCT images for glaucomatous damage assessment
Authors: Soltanian-Zadeh Somayyeh , Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Liu Zhuolin , Zhang Furu , Saeedi Osamah , Hammer Daniel X. , Miller Donald T. , Farsiu Sina
Published: March 2021

Cell-level quantitative features of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) are potentially important biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Yet, due to limited resolution, individual GCs cannot be visualized by commonly used ophthalmic imaging systems, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), and assessment is limited to gross layer thickness analysis. Adaptive optics OCT (AO-OCT) enables in vivo imaging of individual retinal GCs. We present an automated segmentation of GC layer (GCL) somas from AO-OCT volumes based on weakly supervised deep learning (named WeakGCSeg), which effectively utilizes weak annotations in the training process. Experimental results show that WeakGCSeg is on par with or superior to human experts and is superior to other state-of-the-art networks. The automated quantitative features of individual GCLs show an increase in structure–function correlation in glaucoma subjects compared to using thickness measures from OCT images. Our results suggest that by automatic quantification of GC morphology, WeakGCSeg can potentially alleviate a major bottleneck in using AO-OCT for vision research.
Integrative genomic analysis of early neurogenesis reveals a temporal genetic program for differentiation and specification of preplate and Cajal-Retzius neurons
Authors: Li Jia , Sun Lei , Peng Xue-Liang , Yu Xiao-Ming , Qi Shao-Jun , Lu Zhi John , Han Jing-Dong J. , Shen Qin
Published: March 2021

Neurogenesis in the developing neocortex begins with the generation of the preplate, which consists of early-born neurons including Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells and subplate neurons. Here, utilizing the Ebf2-EGFP transgenic mouse in which EGFP initially labels the preplate neurons then persists in CR cells, we reveal the dynamic transcriptome profiles of early neurogenesis and CR cell differentiation. Genome-wide RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses at multiple early neurogenic stages have revealed the temporal gene expression dynamics of early neurogenesis and distinct histone modification patterns in early differentiating neurons. We have identified a new set of coding genes and lncRNAs involved in early neuronal differentiation and validated with functional assaysin vitroandin vivo. In addition, at E15.5 when Ebf2-EGFP+ cells are mostly CR neurons, single-cell sequencing analysis of purified Ebf2-EGFP+ cells uncovers molecular heterogeneities in CR neurons, but without apparent clustering of cells with distinct regional origins. Along a pseudotemporal trajectory these cells are classified into three different developing states, revealing genetic cascades from early generic neuronal differentiation to late fate specification during the establishment of CR neuron identity and function. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing the early differentiation steps during cortical development, especially CR neuron differentiation.
Online housing search: A gravity model approach
Authors: Steegmans Joep , de Bruin Jonathan
Published: March 2021

In this paper we apply a gravity framework to user-generated data of a large online housing market platform. We show that gravity describes the patterns of inflow and outflow of hits (mouse clicks, etc.) from one municipality to another, where the municipality of the user defines the origin and the municipality of the property that is viewed defines the destination. By distinguishing serious searchers from recreational searchers we demonstrate that the gravity framework describes geographic search patterns of both types of users. The results indicate that recreational search is centered more around the user’s location than serious search. However, this finding is driven entirely by differences in border effects as there is no difference in the distance effect. By demonstrating that geographic search patterns of both serious and recreational searchers are explained by their physical locations, we present clear evidence that physical location is an important determinant of economic behavior in the virtual realm too.
Implementation strategies in emergency management of children: A scoping review
Authors: Aregbesola Alex , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. , Okoli George N. , Jeyaraman Maya M. , Lam Otto , Kasireddy Viraj , Copstein Leslie , Askin Nicole , Sibley Kathryn M. , Klassen Terry P.
Published: March 2021

Background

Implementation strategies are vital for the uptake of evidence to improve health, healthcare delivery, and decision-making. Medical or mental emergencies may be life-threatening, especially in children, due to their unique physiological needs when presenting in the emergency departments (EDs). Thus, practice change in EDs attending to children requires evidence-informed considerations regarding the best approaches to implementing research evidence. We aimed to identify and map the characteristics of implementation strategies used in the emergency management of children.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We searched four databases [Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central (Wiley) and CINAHL (Ebsco)] from inception to May 2019, for implementation studies in children (≤21 years) in emergency settings. Two pairs of reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion and extracted the data. We performed a descriptive analysis of the included studies.

Results

We included 87 studies from a total of 9,607 retrieved citations. Most of the studies were before and after study design (n = 68, 61%) conducted in North America (n = 63, 70%); less than one-tenth of the included studies (n = 7, 8%) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). About one-third of the included studies used a single strategy to improve the uptake of research evidence. Dissemination strategies were more commonly utilized (n = 77, 89%) compared to other implementation strategies; process (n = 47, 54%), integration (n = 49, 56%), and capacity building and scale-up strategies (n = 13, 15%). Studies that adopted capacity building and scale-up as part of the strategies were most effective (100%) compared to dissemination (90%), process (88%) and integration (85%).

Conclusions

Studies on implementation strategies in emergency management of children have mostly been non-randomized studies. This review suggests that ‘dissemination’ is the most common strategy used, and ‘capacity building and scale-up’ are the most effective strategies. Higher-quality evidence from randomized-controlled trials is needed to accurately assess the effectiveness of implementation strategies in emergency management of children.
Vowel dyslexia in Turkish: A window to the complex structure of the sublexical route
Authors: Güven Selçuk , Friedmann Naama
Published: March 2021

We report on developmental vowel dyslexia, a type of dyslexia that selectively affects the reading aloud of vowel letters. We identified this dyslexia in 55 Turkish-readers aged 9–10, and made an in-depth multiple-case analysis of the reading of 17 participants whose vowel dyslexia was relatively selective. These participants made significantly more vowel errors (vowel substitution, omission, migration, and addition) than age-matched controls, and significantly more errors in vowel letters than in consonants. Vowel harmony, a pivotal property of Turkish phonology, was intact and the majority of their vowel errors yielded harmonic responses. The transparent character of Turkish orthography indicates that vowel dyslexia is not related to ambiguity in vowel conversion. The dyslexia did not result from a deficit in the phonological-output stage, as the participants did not make vowel errors in nonword repetition or in repeating words they had read with a vowel error. The locus of the deficit was not in the orthographic-visual-analyzer either, as their same-different decision on words differing in vowels was intact, and so was their written-word comprehension. They made significantly more errors on nonwords than on words, indicating that their deficit was in vowel processing in the sublexical route. Given that their single-vowels conversion was intact, and that they showed an effect of the number of vowels, we conclude that their deficit is in a vowel-specific buffer in the sublexical route. They did not make vowel errors within suffixes, indicating that suffixes are converted as wholes in a separate sublexical sub-route. These results have theoretical implications for the dual-route model: they indicate that the sublexical route converts vowels and consonants separately, that the sublexical route includes a vowel buffer, and a separate morphological conversion route. The results also indicate that types of dyslexia can be detected in transparent languages given detailed error-analysis and dyslexia-relevant stimuli.
Research using population-based administration data integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings: A systematic review
Authors: Chikwava Fadzai , Cordier Reinie , Ferrante Anna , O’Donnell Melissa , Speyer Renée , Parsons Lauren
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Over the past decade there has been a marked growth in the use of linked population administrative data for child protection research. This is the first systematic review of studies to report on research design and statistical methods used where population-based administrative data is integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The electronic databases Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, Embase, ERIC, and CINAHL were systematically searched in November 2019 to identify all the relevant studies. The protocol for this review was registered and published with Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/96PX8)

Results

The review identified 30 studies reporting on child maltreatment, mental health, drug and alcohol abuse and education. The quality of almost all studies was strong, however the studies rated poorly on the reporting of data linkage methods. The statistical analysis methods described failed to take into account mediating factors which may have an indirect effect on the outcomes of interest and there was lack of utilisation of multi-level analysis.

Conclusion

We recommend reporting of data linkage processes through following recommended and standardised data linkage processes, which can be achieved through greater co-ordination among data providers and researchers.
Eco-Friendly Approach for the Synthesis of Thiophene Linked Benzothiazepines as
Biocompatible Free Radical Scavengers
Authors: Sudeep P. , Raghavendra K.R. , Sowmya R. , Ajay Kumar K.
Published: March 2021

A series of new thiophene tethered benzothiazepines (5a-h) were
synthesized through citrus juice mediated (4+3) annulations of thienyl
chalcones with 2-aminobenzenethiol in the presence of tetrabutylammonium
bromide as phase transfer catalyst under reflux conditions.
The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and
CHN analysis. To check the antioxidant potentials of the synthesized
compounds, in vitro DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays
were conducted. The results shows that amongst the series, compounds
5b with (21.44-49.72%) and (16.88-42.60%); 5c with (24.88-56.00%)
and (22.33-53.12%); and 5h with (22.80-47.10%) and (15.33-44.12%)
excellent DPPH and hydroxyl radical potencies comparable with the
respective standards used in the experiments.
Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular
Docking Studies of Substituted Benzofuran
and Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Sanjeeva P. , Subba Rao B. , Nagaraju C. , Kamala Prasad V. , Venkata Ramana P.
Published: March 2021

A series of 5-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole-
2-thiol derivatives (4a-d) and substituted benzylidene-3-methyl-1-
(5-bromobenzofuran-2-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one derivatives
(6a-d) have been synthesized in good yields and characterized by IR
and NMR analyses. Auto Dock 4.0/ADT program was used to investigate
binding interaction of oxadiazole and pyrazole derivatives to
DNA GyrB. DNA gyrase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a
type II topoisomerase and well-established and validated target for
the development of novel therapeutics. The search was based on the
Lamarckian genetic algorithm and the results were analyzed using
binding energy. Analysis was based on lowest docked energy and inhibition
constant values. Among the tested compounds 4b, 6b and 6c
derivatives of oxadiazole and pyrazole showed highest binding energy
with the lowest inhibition constant. From the observed results, it is
concluded that compounds 4b, 6b and 6c showed more affinity to
DNA GyrB protein.
Role of Tumour Markers Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, & Alpha Fetoprotein in Carcinoma Gall Bladder
Authors: Rai Saurabh , Shekhar Chandra , Musa Osman , Ansari Nisar , Agrawal Rahul , Agrawal Rajat , Bhore Almol , Alam Shams
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is recognised as an irreversible malignancy with a high fatality rate. The highest incidence of gall bladder carcinoma is seen in India and Chile, and relatively low level in many Western countries. Gall bladder carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, increasing incidence, and diagnosed at an advanced stage despite recent advances in diagnostic modalities. Considering the high rate of mortality attributable mainly to late detection of disease at an advanced stage, early diagnosis remains to be one of the most important determinants of the outcome. This study was conducted to assess the role of tumour markers, namely carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of gall bladder carcinoma. We wanted to assess the diagnostic role of tumour markers in carcinoma gall bladder. METHODS Patients with radiologically and histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of carcinoma gall bladder were invited to participate in the study. A thorough history was taken, and relevant examination done as per protocol. All necessary laboratory and radiologic investigations were done according to study design. Assessment of the tumour markers CA19-9, CEA and AFP was done, and values compared with carcinoma gall bladder patients. RESULTS The diagnostic value of tumour markers has been studied in context with histopathological grade as all the cases were histopathologically proven cases of carcinoma gall bladder (Ca GB). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that CA 19-9 was most effective with regard to its ability to differentiate between different grades of gall bladder carcinoma. KEY WORDS CA 19-9, CEA, AFP, Carcinoma Gallbladder
To Study the Association of Parathyroid Hormone with Severe Anaemia in Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Sarkari Madhavi , Mittal Mahim , Rai Ashutosh Kumar
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for > 3 months, with implications for health. In India, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), ranges from 0.79 % to 1.4 %. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the less recognized reasons of anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we evaluated the role of SHPT as a cause of anaemia, and correlation of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on haemodialysis and also in CRF patients who are not on haemodialysis. METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study done in the department of medicine in BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a period of one year among a total of 101 patients. All patients underwent detailed clinical history, clinical examination & relevant biochemical investigations. RESULTS Parathyroid hormone level was found elevated in 82.2 % CRF patients in our study; out of these 76.2 % patients were severely anaemic. CONCLUSIONS Anaemia mainly normocytic & normochromic is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Hormonal failure in CRF patients is very commonly reflected as anaemia & mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Parathyroid hormone was found elevated in most (82.2 %) of the CRF patients with anaemia. KEY WORDS Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH), Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Recurrence of Primary Pulmonary Hydatidosis in the Left Lung with No Hepatic Involvement
Authors: Manekk Roshani S. , Mehta Aditya
Published: March 2021

Echinococcus granulosus is the most common cause of hydatid disease of the lung. Hydatid disease is endemic to the Mediterranean countries, Middle East, South America and Australia. After liver, lung is the 2nd most common organ involved in this disease.1 The main route of infection is infestation of the embryo which after passing through the duodenal wall enters into the portal vein or the peri duodenal and perigastric lymphatics. The pulmonary cysts develop through this route, secondary to hepatic lesions. 1 Pulmonary hydatidosis is most commonly seen in men during the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. An intact cyst can be defined as “simple or closed cyst”, and a ruptured and / or infected cyst“ can be defined as “complicated cyst”.2 Recurrence has been defined as new active cysts appearing after therapy, which includes reappearance with continual growth of live cysts at the site of a previously treated cyst or new distant disease appearing as a result of spillage.3 The diagnosis of hydatid cyst diagnosis is often delayed because patients are asymptomatic for years during the period of growth of the parasite.2 Surgical goals in a case of hydatid cyst are: A - total eradication of the parasite; B - the prevention of the cyst 's rupturing on the operative field and its consequent dissemination; and C - the extirpation of the residual cavity.4 In this article, we report a rare case of male patient with multiple daughter cysts in the left lung at pleura-parenchymal junction and mediastinum who presented to us with recurrent pulmonary hydatidosis, which has caused complication of expectoration of multiple daughter cyst of small size.
A szervezeti szocializáció – I. rész Mi az idő és kontextus szerepe a szocializációs folyamatban?
Authors: Toarniczky Andrea
Published: March 2021

Jelen cikk célja a szervezeti szocializáció szakirodalmának áttekintése és rendszerezése a következő négy kérdés mentén: (1) a „Mit értünk szervezeti szocializáció alatt?” kérdésre keresve a választ definiálom a szocializációt, és a kapcsolódó fogalmak tárgyalása révén azt is tisztázom, hogy mi nem tekinthető annak; (2) a „Mi az idő szerepe a szocializációs folyamatban?” kérdés mentén tárgyalom a folyamat időben való meghatározottságát (véges vs. folytonos), valamint az idő természetének a jelentőségét (lineáris vs. ciklikus); (3) az „Egy vagy több?” kérdés a szervezeti kontextus egységes vagy töredezett jellegének a szocializációs folyamatra gyakorolt hatására világít rá, valamint (4) a „Mi az egyén szerepe a saját szocializációs folyamatában?” kérdés során pedig azt vizsgálom, hogy mit jelent a folyamat
A környezettudatosság fejlesztésének alapjai
Authors: Berényi László
Published: March 2021

A szerző tanulmányában doktori kutatásai és két OTKA (T048849 és PD71685) kutatás környezettudatosságra vonatkozó eredményeit foglalja össze. A fenntartható fejlődéshez való hozzájárulás kulcskérdése, hogy az akciók mögött egyéni és szervezeti szinten egyaránt elkötelezett, megfelelő ismeretekkel rendelkező háttér álljon rendelkezésre. A tanulmány bemutat egy átfogó fenntarthatósági értékelési keretrendszert, ami a szervezetek kiválósági értékelése révén segíthet a fejlesztésben. A kapcsolódó eredményeket a szervezeti méret függvényében vizsgálva megállapítható, hogy a nagysméretű szervezetek előnye látványos, a kis- és közepes méretű szervezetek gazdasági reprezentativitása miatt azonban ez nem oldja meg a problémákat. Kitér továbbá a környezettudatos viselkedés (döntések) általános modelljére. A modellel kapcsolatban elkezdődtek a PILOT-vizsgálatok, melyek általános iskolások körében mérik a környezeti attitűdök és ismeretek szintjét. A vizsgálati eredmények arra utalnak, hogy nem állunk könnyű feladat előtt, akár az egyéni magatartások megváltoztatásáról, akár a szervezeti teljesítmények javításáról van szó. Megfelelő anyagi és szakmai támogató háttér kiépítése esetén azonban jó alapokkal rendelkezünk a kedvező változáshoz.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: case report
Authors: Farkhutdinova Leila M. , Mohammad Salam Yu. , Yamaev Ildar M. , Abdulguzhin Bulat I.
Published: March 2021

Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the common endocrine diseases, which is an actual medical and social problem. Bone disorders are the most common manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism and are characterized by increased bone metabolism with a progressive decrease in mineral density and a high risk of fractures. In the Russian Federation, most cases are manifest forms of the disease (70%), which is mainly due to the low level of diagnosis, including due to the lack of awareness of doctors. At the same time, timely detection of the disease is based on relatively accessible laboratory studies, characterized by elevated levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone in the blood, and ultrasound and scintigraphy in most cases provide visualization of the paraadenoma. A clinical case of a severe form of primary hyperparathyroidism, the late diagnosis of which caused the development of severe osteoporosis with multiple fractures, is considered. The presented case indicates that an important role in the timely detection of the disease belongs to the analysis of the clinical picture.
In memory of the great surgeon-Harvey Williams Cushing
Authors: Saribekian Anna G. , Pachuashvili Nano V.
Published: March 2021

Harvey Cushing is one of the greatest surgeons of the early 20th century. The young doctor was trained in the best medical universities; parents, teachers and colleagues always noted his thirst for knowledge. Cushing opened a new page in the study of neurosurgery, endocrinology, anesthesiology, and neurology. Thanks to the improvement of surgical techniques, the great doctor has achieved a reduction in mortality in surgical interventions, and new diagnostic methods have given life to more than one person. Cushing’s versatility amazed his contemporaries and still surprises the world. His books won the Pulitzer prize, one of the most prestigious literary prizes, he was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel prize, and the American Association of neurosurgeons is named in honor of the greatest doctor.
Perspektiven von Refugees auf Alltag und Widerständigkeit in Aufnahmeeinrichtungen
Authors: Goebel Simon
Published: March 2021

Simon Goebel stellt in seinem Beitrag die Perspektiven von fünf Refugees, die Erfahrungen mit dem Leben in Lagern gemacht haben, ins Zentrum. Im Versuch, ihre Stimmen hörbar zu machen, unterstützt er ihre Kämpfe für bessere Lebensbedingungen und gegen das repressive Asylregime. Die Auseinandersetzung erfolgt entlang der von den Refugees als besonders bedeutsam hervorgehobenen Alltagsbezüge wie Ernährung, Gesundheit, Rechte und Angst vor Abschiebungen. Deutlich wurde, dass die durch das Lager intendierte Immobilität von Refugees in vielfältiger Weise durch Selbstmobilisierungen konterkariert wird. Das Lager wird zu einem Schauplatz der Kämpfe der Migration um Rechte, um Anerkennung, um Würde sowie gegen Rassismus und Entmenschlichung.
Die Refiguration von Räumen durch smarte Apartmentkomplexe
Authors: Bartmanski Dominik , Kim Seonju , Löw Martina , Pape Timothy , Stollmann Jörg
Published: March 2021

Dominik Bartmanski, Seonju Kim, Martina Löw, Timothy Pape und Jörg Stollmann widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag der Planstadt Songdo, die, von Grund auf als Smart City konzipiert, lange als Vorzeigeprojekt und Testfall für umfassende Digitalisierung galt. Heute lockt die engmaschig überwachte und von unzähligen Sensoren gesteuerte Stadt vor allem Koreas Mittelschicht an. Doch ihre Beliebtheit bei Immobilienkäufern hat wenig mit innovativer HighTech zu tun, sondern mehr mit den planerischen Glaubenssätzen der koreanischen Spätmoderne. Songdo ist ein Musterbeispiel dafür, wie hypermoderne Smart Cities soziale Unterschiede entlang der modernen Dreifaltigkeit von Effizienz, Sicherheit und Überwachung reproduzieren. Das digitale Substrat der Stadt erhöht die Vermarktbarkeit und Wertigkeit der urbanen Gebilde ohne neue Werte zu schaffen. Die Enthüllung eines gewöhnlichen Developmentalismus hinter der scheinbar außergewöhnlichen, smarten Idealstadt entmystifiziert diese. Das Zusammenspiel von Technologieunternehmen und Staat führt zu einer weiteren Kommerzialisierung neuen Wohnraums und zu einer ausgeprägten Raumorientierung der koreanischen Mittelschicht. Die umfassende Digitalisierung bleibt eher unterschwellig präsent, deren Funktionalität im Hintergrund. Gleichzeitig produziert Songdo als neuartiges Wohnumfeld Räume, die das Verhältnis zwischen öffentlich und privat, zwischen Inklusion und Exklusion neu ordnen. Die enge Verflechtung unterschiedlicher Kontexte und Texturen erschafft Wohnräume mit einer polykontexturalen Struktur. Im Falle Songdos impliziert dies eher graduelle, nicht substanzielle Veränderungen des Lebensalltags.
Transcendant Temporality
Authors: Everhart D. T.
Published: March 2021

This paper looks at several key motivations behind the prisoner of time objection and a view against which it is leveled, the Oxford School of divine temporality, with respect to the Christian God. Shared between these opposing views are concerns for divine freedom and sovereignty. While the objection, coming from divine atemporalists, has in its background a concern for the creator–creature distinction, the Oxford School prizes the authenticity of temporal God–talk in the Scriptures and the coherency of human God–talk more generally. By following these motivations closely in conversation with M–theory discussions about the nature of time as a dimension of spacetime, I propose a new model of God’s relation to time called transcendent temporality. In it, God is transcendently present in our temporal dimension, so that he is temporal but experiences our time differently than we do. Moreover, God has his own time which is distinct from but correlated to our time. God, on this view, is temporal, but in a way that he can experience succession in different ways than our one–directional and linear experience of succession. I conclude by unpacking some implications of this model and addressing possible objections.
Algoritmo de Encriptación para Imágenes a color basado en Sistemas Caóticos
Authors: Amaya Barrera Isabel , Suárez Parra César Augusto , Santos Bustos Daniel
Published: March 2021

Contexto: Aprovechando los fundamentos de la teoría de sistemas dinámicos no lineales se propone un modelo de encriptación para imágenes a color basado en sistemas caóticos, que satisface estándares de seguridad acordes con los desafíos a que se enfrenta la sociedad.

Método:  Se propone un algoritmo simétrico utilizando el sistema caótico Cat de Arnold para la permutación y para la difusión el sistema hipercaótico de Chen o el sistema hipercaótico de Lorenz, en la implementación se utiliza programación paralela para reducir los tiempos de ejecución.

Resultados: Se aplican métricas de desempeño para evaluar la seguridad del modelo criptográfico propuesto, encontrando que los indicadores obtenidos se enmarcan dentro de los publicados en artículos recientes que  abordan el problema de la seguridad a través del caos.

Conclusiones: Se aplican métricas de desempeño para evaluar la seguridad del modelo criptográfico propuesto, encontrando que los indicadores obtenidos se enmarcan dentro de los publicados en artículos recientes que  abordan el problema de la seguridad a través del caos.
Una propuesta educativa basada en el tpack para la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la evaluación del concepto de movimiento
Authors: Godoy Morales Olga Lucía
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar la integración de la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la evaluación del concepto de movimiento usando tecnología digital, en una propuesta para la educación superior. Se asumió la integración conceptualmente como una investigación curricular basada en el Conocimiento Pedagógico y Tecnológico del Contenido y empíricamente por medio de un estudio de caso en un curso de física universitario, en el cual se propuso la siguiente hipótesis: si en la propuesta educativa se establecen relaciones entre la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la evaluación del concepto de movimiento, con la tecnología de los recursos digitales, se contribuye a la formación de ciudadanos alfabetizados científicamente. La propuesta educativa se concibió como una secuencia de conocimientos organizada con el propósito curricular de enseñar, evaluar y apoyar a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje del concepto de movimiento, incorporando recursos digitales. Su elaboración incluyó cinco pasos: 1) la selección de las principales ideas científicas; 2) la representación del contenido ampliado y de los repertorios de experiencia profesional y pedagógicos; 3) la selección de aspectos históricos; 4) la selección y secuenciación de las actividades y; 5) la planificación micro-curricular. El proceso de práctica en el curso requirió: a) la planificación del proyecto que comprendió la conceptualización teórica, la selección del grupo y la elaboración de la propuesta; b) el estudio empírico abarcó la aplicación y recolección de datos y; c) la evaluación correspondió al análisis de datos y las conclusiones. Una conclusión es que, al asumir el currículo como proyecto de investigación, el profesor logró relacionar la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la evaluación del concepto de movimiento a través del marco conceptual del Conocimiento Pedagógico y Tecnológico del Contenido.
Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy a aktywność społeczności lokalnych w województwie wielkopolskim
Authors: Józefowicz Iwona , Michniewicz-Ankiersztajn Hanna
Published: March 2021

Aktywność obywatelska zależna jest zarówno od cech społeczno-demograficznych, jak i sytuacji gospodarczej obszaru, w jakim jest realizowana. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba przedstawienia zależności pomiędzy poziomem rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego (określonego na podstawie wybranych wskaźników) a stopniem aktywności społecznej mieszkańców (określonej liczbą stowarzyszeń działających na rzecz rozwoju lokalnego i regionalnego) w gminach województwa wielkopolskiego. Do osiągnięcia tego celu wykorzystano metody matematyczno-statystyczne (m.in. algorytm k-średnich). Badania wykazały, że w województwie wielkopolskim występuje polaryzacja gmin pod względem społeczno-gospodarczym. Szczegółowe analizy potwierdziły istnienie zależności pomiędzy aktywnością mieszkańców mierzoną współczynnikiem aktywności lokalnej (Wal) a wybranymi cechami gospodarczymi. W przypadku cech o charakterze społecznym zależność nie występowała. Wartości wskaźnika były również w pewnym stopniu zależne od poziomu zurbanizowania gminy. Wykazano, że mieszkańcy gmin wiejskich byli bardziej aktywni w zakresie działań na rzecz rozwoju lokalnego. Biorąc pod uwagę aktywność na rzecz rozwoju lokalnego oraz sytuację społeczno-gospodarczą, dzięki zastosowaniu metody k-średnich uchwycono podobieństwa gmin i przedstawiono to zjawisko w ujęciu przestrzennym. Rezultaty badań wskazały istnienie grupy gmin podobnych do siebie w strefie oddziaływania aglomeracji poznańskiej. Podobieństwem wyróżniały się także gminy zlokalizowane w północnej oraz wschodniej części badanego obszaru (głównie gminy wiejskie).
Programowanie działań rewitalizacyjnych – przykład Konina
Authors: Masierek Edyta
Published: March 2021

Artykuł prezentuje aktualnie obowiązujące zasady programowania rewitalizacji w Polsce na przykładzie Konina, który w latach 2015–2019 realizował jeden z projektów w ramach konkursu Modelowa Rewitalizacja Miast. W publikacji przedstawiono, w jaki sposób w praktyce wygląda planowanie rewitalizacji oraz na jakie trudności napotykają koordynatorzy tego procesu. Artykuł ma także zwrócić uwagę na endogeniczne uwarunkowania Konina oraz jego szansę na wykorzystanie rewitalizacji w procesie scalania prawo- i lewobrzeżnej części miasta.