bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMTAC-19, a Spiro-Acridine Compound, Induces In Vitro Antitumor Effect via the ROS-ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sousa Valgrícia Matias de , Duarte Sâmia Sousa , Ferreira Rafael Carlos , Sousa Natália Ferreira de , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana , Silva Marcelo Sobral da , Tavares Josean Fechine , Moura Ricardo Olímpio de , Gonçalves Juan Carlos Ramos , Sobral Marianna Vieira
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer remains a significant cause of mortality worldwide. A spiro-acridine derivative, (E)-1′-((4-bromobenzylidene)amino)-5′-oxo-1′,5′-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2′-pyrrole]-4′-carbonitrile (AMTAC-19), showed significant cytotoxicity in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 10.35 ± 1.66 µM) and antioxidant effects after 48 h of treatment. In this study, Molegro Virtual Docker v.6.0.1 software was used to investigate the interactions between AMTAC-19 and the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 (ERK1), c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 (JNK1), and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase α (p38α MAPK). In vitro assays were conducted in HCT-116 cells to evaluate the effect of AMTAC-19 on the modulation of these proteins’ activities using flow cytometry. Furthermore, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in the presence or absence of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK inhibitors was used to evaluate the involvement of these enzymes in AMTAC-19 cytotoxicity. ROS production was assessed using the 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay at various incubation times (30 min, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h), and the MTT assay using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was performed. In silico results indicated that AMTAC-19 interacts with ERK1, JNK1, and p38α MAPK. Additionally, AMTAC-19 activated ERK1/2 and JNK1 in HCT-116 cells, and its cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in the presence of ERK1/2 and JNK inhibitors. AMTAC-19 also induced a significant increase in ROS production (30 min and 1 h), while NAC pretreatment reduced its cytotoxicity. These findings support AMTAC-19′s in vitro antitumor effect through ROS-dependent activation of ERK and JNK pathways.
Structural Characterization and Profiles of Saponins from Two Algerian Sea Cucumbers
Authors: Khodja Ihcene , Mezali Karim , Savarino Philippe , Gerbaux Pascal , Flammang Patrick , Caulier Guillaume
Published: November 2024

Sea cucumbers are benthic marine invertebrate members of the phylum Echinodermata. Due to the absence of a rigid skeleton, these species have developed chemical defenses based on the production of saponins (triterpene glycosides). These secondary metabolites are bioactive molecules with a broad biological, ecological, and pharmaceutical spectrum. However, the saponin profiles of several species of sea cucumbers are not known yet. The present study aims to highlight the mixture of saponins in two sea cucumber species from the Algerian coast, namely Holothuria (Holothuria) algeriensis, which has been recently described in central and western Algerian waters, and Holothuria (Roweothuria) arguinensis, originating from the Atlantic Ocean and reported in Algeria for the first time in 2014. Saponin extracts from three individuals of H. (H.) algeriensis and two individuals of H. (R.) arguinensis were analyzed using mass spectrometry, i.e., Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), MALDI-High Resolution MS (MALDI-HRMS), Liquid Chromatography MS (LC-MS) and tandem MS (LC-MS/MS). These analyses allow us to detect 11 and 18 elemental compositions for H. (H.) algeriensis and H. (R.) arguinensis, respectively, each presenting several isomers. In total, 13 new saponin structures are proposed, of which four are common between the two species, six are specific to H. (H.) algeriensis and three to H. (R.) arguinensis. The saponin profiles of the two species were compared to those of other species of the same genus existing on the Algerian coast and the results showed that they share non-sulfated saponins with Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali and Holothuria (Platyperona) sanctori and sulfated saponins with Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa and Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Composite Films: A Combination of Perovskites and Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chen Guang , Meng Lingtong , Liu Shuting , Peng Liang
Published: November 2024

Chiral inorganic nanomaterial-based circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have shown substantial promise in multiple research areas. However, the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum), a key parameter for CPL, is far from satisfactory, especially for inorganic molecules with high luminescent quantum efficiency and diverse shapes and sizes. Obtaining large glum values is an urgent and crucial task in the field of CPL research. Among different approaches, the combination of inorganic nanomaterials and chiral nematic liquid crystals (N*-LCs) offers distinct advantages in achieving high glum values due to their distinctive optical characteristics and remarkable versatility. This concise review systematically investigates the recent advancements in CPL-active materials consisting of perovskites and N*-LCs. It elaborates on their preparation techniques, optical characteristics, and potential applications. Additionally, a brief outlook on their future development is offered. It is expected that this combination will assume an increasingly significant role in the CPL research field and attract more researchers to explore this area.
Content-Related Quality Control of Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Fortified Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Temova Rakuša Žane , Roškar Robert
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Vitamin-fortified non-alcoholic beverages (VFNABs) are rising in popularity and availability. However, owing to their regulation as foods, there are also growing quality and safety concerns. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of the content-related quality of VFNABs on the Slovenian market. Methods: Vitamin contents in 50 VFNABs (29 waters, 5 juices, 12 energy drinks, and 4 instant drinks) were determined using validated methods based on liquid chromatography. Results: The results revealed several quality issues, which were determined in all four VFNAB types. These included an indication of at least one vitamin, present in a lower-than-significant amount, on the nutrition declaration in 64% of the tested VFNABs and vitamin contents outside the tolerance interval (65–150% of the label claim) in almost half of the cases (48.4%, n = 244). Since the disclosed quality issues are not only a reason for the misleading of consumers but may also pose safety risks for both individuals and public health, we further performed an overall assessment of the VFNABs as vitamin sources. The results revealed that the tested VFNABs not only fully cover but in several cases considerably exceed daily vitamin needs (up to 616% of the reference values), an effect which is further accentuated in children. Conclusions: The performed content-related quality control study undoubtedly highlight the need for stricter quality control and regulation and can be utilized as a foundation and recommendation for the manufacturers in terms of committing to and pursuing the production of VFNABs.
Effect of Different Dietary Patterns on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Chatzi Christina A. , Basios Athanasios , Markozannes Georgios , Ntzani Evangelia E. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Kazakos Kyriakos , Agouridis Aris P. , Barkas Fotios , Pappa Maria , Katsiki Niki , Rizos Evangelos C.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Lifestyle interventions such as dietary changes have been proposed to control the cardiometabolic risk factors and thus prevent cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). We performed an umbrella review to investigate whether different dietary patterns affect CV risk in individuals with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome) but not established CVD. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases (up to August 2024) for the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Articles should be written in English and refer to a specific dietary pattern (such as Mediterranean diet, etc.). The population studied referred to adults with at least one cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Results: From 4512 records identified, we finally included 25 meta-analyses with a total of 329 associations. Strong evidence for a benefit was found for LCD with reductions in BW [MD: −4.79 (95% CI −5.85, −3.72) kg, p ≤ 0.001], SBP [MD: −6.38 (95% CI −7.84, −4.93) mmHg, p ≤ 0.001], TG [WMD: −5.81 (95% CI −7.96, −3.66) mg/dL, p ≤ 0.001], and fasting plasma insulin [MD: −15.35 (95% CI −19.58, −11.12) pmol/L, p ≤ 0.001], as well as for low-GI diet for the reduction of BW [SMD: −0.66 (95% CI −0.90, −0.43) kg, p ≤ 0.001]. Conclusions: Across many dietary patterns, LCD showed strong or highly suggestive evidence for a benefit on SBP, BW reduction, and lipid profile improvement. Secondarily, low-GI, DASH, and Portfolio and Nordic diets suggested beneficial effects on controlling CV risk.
Transarterial Chemoembolization in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Temperley Hugo C. , Bell Jack , Cuddihy Tom O. , O’Sullivan Niall J. , Mac Curtain Benjamin M. , Dolan Steven , McEniff Niall , Brennan Ian , Sheahan Kevin , Marshal Martin , Kelly Michael E. , Ng Zi Q.
Published: November 2024

Background: Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) presents a significant treatment challenge. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment, offering targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor site, minimizing systemic exposure. This systematic review aims to assess the current literature on this novel technique and evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of TACE in treating this complex cohort of patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, to identify studies evaluating TACE in LARC. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical trials, cohort studies, and case series reporting on outcomes such as tumor response rate, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-related adverse events. Results: A total of eight studies involving 543 patients met the inclusion criteria. The studies varied in design, with five prospective and three retrospective studies. A higher prevalence of male participants (68.7%) was noted, with a median age of 60.3 years. The studies primarily evaluated the efficacy and safety of TACE in LARC treatment. Pathological response rates, tumor reduction, and survival outcomes varied across studies, with TACE showing promise in reducing tumor size, improving survival, and controlling metastasis. Major complications were rare, reported in 6.0% of cases. Conclusions: TACE is a promising therapeutic option for patients with LARC, demonstrating favorable tumor response rates and manageable toxicity profiles. Further large-scale, randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and better define the role of TACE in the multimodal treatment of LARC.
Investigating Quantum Confinement and Enhanced Luminescence in Nanoporous Silicon: A Photoelectrochemical Etching Approach Using Multispectral Laser Irradiation
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Immanuel Philip Nathaniel
Published: November 2024

This study explores electrochemical etching to form porous silicon (PS), which has diverse biomedical and energy applications. Our objective is to gain new insights and drive significant scientific and technological advancements. Specifically, we study the effect of electrochemical etching of P-type silicon using laser irradiation in a hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. The formation of the nanoscale PS structure can be successfully controlled by incorporating laser irradiation into the electrochemical etching process. The wavelength and power of the laser influence the formation of nanoporous silicon (NPS) on the surface during the electrochemical etching process. The luminous flux is monitored with the help of a customized integrating sphere system and an LED-based excitation source to find the light flux values distributed across the P-type nanolayer PS wafers. Analysis of the NPS and luminescence characteristics shows that the laser bandwidth controls the band gap energy absorption (BEA) phenomenon during the electrothermal reaction. It is demonstrated that formation of the NPS layer can be controlled in this combined laser irradiation and electrochemical etching technique by adjusting the range of the laser wavelength. This also allows for further precise control of the numerical trend of the luminous flux.
Hyperon Production in Bi + Bi Collisions at the Nuclotron-Based Ion Collider Facility and Angular Dependence of Hyperon Spin Polarization
Authors: Tsegelnik Nikita S. , Voronyuk Vadym , Kolomeitsev Evgeni E.
Published: November 2024

The strange baryon production in Bi + Bi collisions at sNN=9.0 GeV is studied using the PHSD transport model. Hyperon and anti-hyperon yields, transverse momentum spectra, and rapidity spectra are calculated, and their centrality dependence and the effect of rapidity and transverse momentum cuts are studied. The rapidity distributions for Λ¯, Ξ, Ξ¯ baryons are found to be systematically narrower than for Λs. The pT slope parameters for anti-hyperons vary more with centrality than those for hyperons. Restricting the accepted rapidity range to |y|<1 increases the slope parameters by 13–30 MeV, depending on the centrality class and the hyperon mass. Hydrodynamic velocity and vorticity fields are calculated, and the formation of two oppositely rotating vortex rings moving in opposite directions along the collision axis is found. The hyperon spin polarization induced by the medium vorticity within the thermodynamic approach is calculated, and the dependence of the polarization on the transverse momentum and rapidity cuts and on the centrality selection is analyzed. The cuts have stronger effect on the polarization of Λ and Ξ hyperons than on the corresponding anti-hyperons. The polarization signal is maximal for the centrality class, 60–70%. We show that, for the considered hyperon polarization mechanism, the structure of the vorticity field makes an imprint on the polarization signal as a function of the azimuthal angle in the transverse momentum plane, ϕH, cosϕH=px/pT. For particles with positive longitudinal momentum, pz>0, the polarization increases with cosϕH, while for particles with pz<0 it decreases.
Structure of the Baryon Halo Around a Supermassive Primordial Black Hole
Authors: Murygin Boris , Stasenko Viktor , Eroshenko Yury
Published: November 2024

According to some theoretical models, primordial black holes with masses of more than 108 solar masses could be born in the early universe, and their possible observational manifestations have been investigated in a number of works. Dense dark matter and baryon halos could form around such primordial black holes even at the pre-galactic stage (in the cosmological Dark Ages epoch). In this paper, the distribution and physical state of the gas in the halo are calculated, taking into account the radiation transfer from the central accreting primordial black hole. This made it possible to find the ionization radius, outside of which there are regions of neutral hydrogen absorption in the 21 cm line. The detection of annular absorption regions at high redshifts in combination with a central bright source may provide evidence of the existence of supermassive primordial black holes. We also point out the fundamental possibility of observing absorption rings with strong gravitational lensing on galaxy clusters, which weakens the requirements for the angular resolution of radio telescopes.
Burden and Risk Factors for Coinfections in Patients with a Viral Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Santus Pierachille , Danzo Fiammetta , Signorello Juan Camilo , Rizzo Alberto , Gori Andrea , Antinori Spinello , Gismondo Maria Rita , Brambilla Anna Maria , Contoli Marco , Rizzardini Giuliano , Radovanovic Dejan
Published: November 2024

Which patients should be monitored for coinfections or should receive empirical antibiotic treatment, in patients with an acute viral respiratory infection, is largely unknown. We evaluated the prevalence, characteristics, outcomes of coinfected patients, and risk factors associated with a coinfection among patients with an acute viral infection. A retrospective, single-center study recruited consecutive patients from October 2022 to March 2023 presenting to the emergency department with signs of a respiratory tract infection. Patients were screened for respiratory viruses and bacterial/fungal secondary infections according to local standard procedures. Outcomes included severe disease, in-hospital complications, all-cause in-hospital and ICU-related mortality, time to death, time to discharge, and time to coinfection. The analysis included 652 patients. A viral infection and a secondary bacterial/fungal infection were detected in 39.1% and 40% of cases. Compared with the rest of the cohort, coinfected patients had more frequently severe disease (88.3%, p < 0.001; 51% in patients with SARS-CoV-2) and higher in-hospital mortality (16.5%, p = 0.010). Nephropathy (OR 3.649, p = 0.007), absence of COVID-19 vaccination (OR 0.160, p < 0.001), SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 2.390, p = 0.017), and lower blood pressure at admission (OR 0.980, p = 0.007) were independent risk factors for coinfection. Multidrug-resistant pathogens were detected in 30.8% of all coinfections. Patients with a viral infection are at high risk of bacterial coinfections, which carry a significant morbidity and mortality burden.
IL-13Rα2 Is Involved in Resistance to Doxorubicin and Survival of Osteosarcoma Patients
Authors: Karamikheirabad Maryam , Zhang Junyue , Ahn Ae-Ri , Park Ho Sung , Park See-Hyoung , Moon Young Jae , Kim Kyoung Min , Jang Kyu Yun
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) is a receptor with a high affinity for IL-13 and is involved in the progression of human cancers. However, studies on the role of IL-13Rα2 in osteosarcoma are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression and roles of IL-13Rα2 in the progression of osteosarcoma. Methods: This study evaluated the roles of IL-13Rα2 in osteosarcomas by evaluating tumor tissues from 37 human osteosarcomas and osteosarcoma cells. Results: Immunohistochemical positivity of IL-13Rα2 was an independent indicator of shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival of 37 osteosarcoma patients and 26 subpopulations of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with multivariate analysis. In U2OS and KHOS/NP osteosarcoma cells, overexpression of IL-13Rα2 significantly increased proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells, all of which decreased with knockdown of IL-13Rα2. Overexpression of IL-13Rα2 increased expression of TGF-β, snail, cyclin D1, and BCL2 but decreased BAX, and knockdown of IL-13Rα2 caused a decrease in expression of these molecules. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo, proliferation of osteosarcoma cells increased, and apoptosis decreased with overexpression of IL-13Rα2 under treatment with doxorubicin. Knockdown of IL-13Rα2 sensitized osteosarcoma cells to the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the expression of IL13Rα2 might be used as a potential prognostic indicator in osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, it is observed that IL13Rα2 influences the resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Therefore, a therapeutic trial targeting IL13Rα2 might be a new therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma, especially those highly expressing IL13Rα2.
Mapping of c-Fos Expression in Rat Brain Sub/Regions Following Chronic Social Isolation: Effective Treatments of Olanzapine, Clozapine or Fluoxetine
Authors: Stanisavljević Ilić Andrijana , Filipović Dragana
Published: November 2024

The c-Fos as a marker of cell activation is used to identify brain regions involved in stimuli processing. This review summarizes a pattern of c-Fos immunoreactivity and the overlapping brain sub/regions which may provide hints for the identification of neural circuits that underlie depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors of adult male rats following three and six weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), relative to controls, as well as the antipsychotic-like effects of olanzapine (Olz), and clozapine (Clz), and the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine (Flx) in CSIS relative to CSIS alone. Additionally, drug-treated controls relative to control rats were also characterized. The overlapping rat brain sub/regions with increased expression of c-Fos immunoreactivity following three or six weeks of CSIS were the retrosplenial granular cortex, c subregion, retrosplenial dysgranular cortex, dorsal dentate gyrus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (posterior part, PVP), lateral/basolateral (LA/BL) complex of the amygdala, caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens shell. Increased activity of the nucleus accumbens core following exposure of CSIS rats either to Olz, Clz, and Flx treatments was found, whereas these treatments in controls activated the LA/BL complex of the amygdala and PVP. We also outline sub/regions that might represent potential neuroanatomical targets for the aforementioned antipsychotics or antidepressant treatments.
Exploring Moroccan Medicinal Plants for Anticancer Therapy Development Through In Silico Studies
Authors: Bouribab Amal , Karim El Mehdi , Khedraoui Meriem , Abchir Oussama , Errougui Abdelkbir , Raouf Yasir S. , Samadi Abdelouahid , Chtita Samir
Published: November 2024

Background: Angiogenesis is a crucial process in the growth and proliferation of cancer, enabling tumor growth through the formation of new vasculature and the supply of nutrients and oxygen to growing malignant cells. This disease-promoting process can be targeted through the inhibition of tyrosine kinase enzymes. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the anticancer potential of various Moroccan plants from different regions. While these plants have a rich history of traditional medicinal use, they have not been extensively investigated as anticancer therapies. Methods: This study employed a multifaceted approach to evaluate the anticancer potential of various Moroccan plants. Receptor–ligand docking and virtual screening were used to assess the binding affinity of phytocompounds to the EGFR and VEGFR2 receptors. Additionally, predictive pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted to evaluate the ADMET properties of the selected compounds, followed by molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the stability of the receptor–ligand complexes. Results: In our research, we identified three notable active compounds—catechin, 4-O-glucoside ferulic acid, and 3-glucoside resveratrol—in the Moroccan plant Ajuga iva L. These findings suggest that Ajuga iva L. may possess significant potential for cancer inhibition. Conclusions: This research highlights the potential of the Moroccan plant Ajuga iva L. as a source of active compounds with significant anticancer properties. Further investigation is essential to validate these findings and explore new therapeutic avenues based on these traditional resources.
A Perspective on the Use of Hydroxyapatites to Improve the Dissolution Behavior of Poorly Water-Soluble Piretanide
Authors: Friuli Valeria , Loi Claudia , Bruni Giovanna , Maggi Lauretta , Bini Marcella
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Interest in drug delivery systems (DDS) based on inorganic substrates has increased in parallel with the increase in the number of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hydroxyapatite is one of the ideal matrices for DDS due to its biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of preparation. Methods: We propose two doped hydroxyapatites, one with Ba on Ca sites another with Si on P sites, with the aim of improving the dissolution rate of piretanide, a diuretic, poorly water-soluble drug. The hybrids were characterized by different physical–chemical techniques, and their formation was demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and electron microanalysis, as well as by comparing the results with those obtained on physical mixtures of HAPs and properly prepared piretanide. Results: Both the hybrids improved the piretanide dissolution rate compared with the physical mixtures and the drug alone. The dose was completely solubilized from the Si-doped hybrid in about 5 min in the three fluids considered. This remarkable improvement can be explained by an increase in the wettability and solubility of the drug loaded in the drug-carrier systems. Conclusions: Different experimental techniques, in particular spectroscopy and electronic microanalysis, proved the successful loading of piretanide onto doped HAP. Pharmaceutical measurements demonstrated rapid drug release in different fluids simulating gastrointestinal conditions after oral administration. These hybrid systems could be a very promising platform for drug delivery.
Preparation and Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Chitosan/Alginate Nanohybrid Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Beads: An Effective Approach to a Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rehman Sadia , Jamil Qazi Adnan , Noreen Sobia , Ashraf Muhammad Azeem , Madni Asadullah , Mahmood Hassan , Shoukat Hina , Raza Muhammad Rafi
Published: November 2024

Background: Despite extensive research over the decades, cancer therapy is still a great challenge because of the non-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, which could be overcome by limiting the distribution of chemotherapeutic agents toward cancer cells. Objective: To reduce the cytolytic effects against cancer cells, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) can load anticancer medicines and genetic tools. Methodology: During the current study, folic-acid-conjugated graphene oxide (Fa-GO) hybrid mucoadhesive chitosan (CS)-based hydrogel beads were fabricated through an “ion-gelation process”, which allows for regulated medication release at malignant pH. Results: The fabricated chitosan–alginate (SA-CS) hydrogel beads were examined using surface morphology, optical microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and homogeneity analysis techniques. The size analysis indicated that the size of the Fa-GO was up to 554.2 ± 95.14 nm, whereas the beads were of a micrometer size. The folic acid conjugation was confirmed by NMR. The results showed that the craggy edges of the graphene oxide were successfully encapsulated in a polymeric matrix. The mucoadhesive properties were enhanced with the increase in the CS concentration. The nanohybrid SA-CS beads exhibited good swelling properties, and the drug release was 68.29% at pH 5.6 during a 24 h investigation. The accelerated stability study, according to ICH guidelines, indicated that the hydrogel beads have a shelf-life of more than two years. Conclusions: Based on the achieved results, it can be concluded that this novel gastro-retentive delivery system may be a viable and different way to improve the stomach retention of anticancer agents and enhance their therapeutic effectiveness.
Probing G-Quadruplexes Conformational Dynamics and Nano-Mechanical Interactions at the Single Molecule Level: Techniques and Perspectives
Authors: Lamperti Marco , Rigo Riccardo , Sissi Claudia , Nardo Luca
Published: November 2024

The analysis of nucleic acid structures, topologies, nano-mechanics and interactions with ligands and other biomacromolecules (most notably proteins) at the single molecule level has become a fundamental topic in molecular biophysics over the last two decades. Techniques such as molecular tweezers, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and atomic force microscopy have enabled us to disclose an unprecedented insight into the mechanisms governing gene replication, transcription and regulation. In this minireview, we survey the main working principles and discuss technical caveats of the above techniques, using as a fil-rouge the history of their achievements in dissecting G-quadruplexes. The revised literature offers a clear example of the superior ability of single-molecule techniques with respect to ensemble techniques to unveil the structural and functional diversity of the several polymorphs corresponding to a single G-quadruplex folding sequence, thus shedding new light on the extreme complexity of these fascinating non-Watson–Crick structures.
Co-Phase Error Detection for Segmented Mirrors Based on Far-Field Information and Transfer Learning
Authors: Cheng Kunkun , Wang Shengqian , Liu Xuesheng , Cheng Yuandong
Published: November 2024

The resolution of a telescope is closely related to its aperture size; however, the aperture of a single primary mirror telescope cannot be indefinitely enlarged due to design and manufacturing constraints. Segmented mirror technology can achieve the same resolution as a single primary mirror of equivalent aperture, provided that the segments are co-phased correctly. This paper proposes a method for high-precision detection of piston errors in segmented mirror telescope systems, based on far-field information and transfer learning. By training a ResNet-18 network model, this method can predict piston errors with high precision within 10 ms of a single-frame far-field diffraction image. Simulation results demonstrate that the method is robust to tip-tilt errors, wavefront aberrations, and noise. This approach is simple, fast, highly accurate in detection, and resistant to noise, providing a new solution for piston error detection in segmented mirror systems.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis in Guar
Authors: Malani Shubham , Ravelombola Waltram , Manley Aurora , Pham Hanh
Published: November 2024

Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] was domesticated in India and Pakistan. It is mainly self-pollinated, bushy, and deeply tap-rooted. Guar seed endosperm contains galactomannan gum, which is used in many food products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, explosives, meat products, and pet foods, and in the textile industry, yet its genetic diversity remains largely underexplored. Using 7000 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers acquired from genotyping by sequencing (GBS), we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure in 225 guar accessions from India, Pakistan, and the United States. Structure Harvester revealed that K = 3 had the best delta K, whereas K = 2 had the second-highest delta K. Three major genetic clusters (K = 3) were identified using population structure analysis, utilizing an admixture model: 156 accessions (69.3%) were classified into Q1, 23 accessions (10.2%) in Q2, and 16 accessions (7.1%) in Q3. The remaining 30 accessions (13.3%) were included in the admixture. In all three of the subpopulations at K = 3, most of the guar accessions came from India. We also found that these clusters mostly correlated with geographic origins. Results showed that the Q2 and Q3 subpopulations included only guar accessions from India. Genetic resources from Q2 and Q3 may represent an untapped reservoir for introducing beneficial variety into the U.S. breeding populations. This genetic diversity and population structure analysis of the guar gene pool will be of interest to conduct allele mining and donor parent selection for the development of new and better guar germplasm for desired traits.
Precision Agriculture and Water Conservation Strategies for Sustainable Crop Production in Arid Regions
Authors: Xing Yingying , Wang Xiukang
Published: November 2024

The intensifying challenges posed by global climate change and water scarcity necessitate enhancements in agricultural productivity and sustainability within arid regions. This review synthesizes recent advancements in genetic engineering, molecular breeding, precision agriculture, and innovative water management techniques aimed at improving crop drought resistance, soil health, and overall agricultural efficiency. By examining cutting-edge methodologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and omics technologies, we highlight efforts to manipulate drought-responsive genes and consolidate favorable agronomic traits through interdisciplinary innovations. Furthermore, we explore the potential of precision farming technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensing, and smart irrigation systems, to optimize water utilization and facilitate real-time environmental monitoring. The integration of genetic, biotechnological, and agronomic approaches demonstrates a significant potential to enhance crop resilience against abiotic and biotic stressors while improving resource efficiency. Additionally, advanced irrigation systems, along with soil conservation techniques, show promise for maximizing water efficiency and sustaining soil fertility under saline–alkali conditions. This review concludes with recommendations for a further multidisciplinary exploration of genomics, sustainable water management practices, and precision agriculture to ensure long-term food security and sustainable agricultural development in water-limited environments. By providing a comprehensive framework for addressing agricultural challenges in arid regions, we emphasize the urgent need for continued innovation in response to escalating global environmental pressures.
Comparative Study of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Unifloral Quillay Tree (Quillaja saponaria Molina) and Multifloral Honeys from Chile
Authors: Núñez-Pizarro Paula , Montenegro Gloria , Núñez Gabriel , Andia Marcelo E. , Espinosa-Bustos Christian , Costa de Camargo Adriano , Oyarzún Juan Esteban , Bridi Raquel
Published: November 2024

Honey is a natural sweet element that bees make with flower nectar, revered for its distinct flavor, nutritional value, and potential health benefits. Chilean beekeeping has a diverse range of honey varieties, many of which are unique. The quillay (Quillaja saponaria Molina, soapbark tree) is a Chilean endemic tree whose honey has not been studied in depth. We characterized various Chilean honeys with different botanical origins, with a particular focus on quillay tree honey, analyzing its total phenolic and flavonoid content and its antioxidant activities. Cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity were also evaluated using HuH-7 cells. The Spearman correlation between the percentage of quillay pollen in the honey samples and the total phenolic content (R = 0.72; p < 0.05), plus the oxygen radical absorbance capacity, suggests that compounds from quillay contribute to the overall antioxidant capacity of honey. Unifloral quillay honey extracts also protect hepatic cells from oxidative damage induced by peroxyl radicals generated by AAPH. This analysis sheds light on the potential of quillay tree honey, underscoring its significance as a natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds with possible hepatoprotective effects.
The Construction of a Socialized Service Platform and System for “Internet + Agriculture” in China
Authors: Tang Run , Liu Qirui , Ou Ya
Published: November 2024

The mismatch between supply and demand and inefficient supply in China’s agricultural product market is quite severe, making agricultural supply-side structural reform an important topic and task for rural economic work in China. The successful implementation of agricultural supply-side reform requires a comprehensive agricultural social service platform and system to support it. However, the current agricultural social service platform system in China faces issues such as a lack of coordination among service entities and poor information communication, making it difficult to meet the demands of supply-side reform. To address this issue, under the new circumstances of supply-side reform, this paper proposes the idea of reorganizing the agricultural social service platform and system through industrial chain collaboration theory, and applying “internet +” for technological reengineering of the agricultural social service platform system. Based on this, a new agricultural social service platform system architecture is constructed, which includes service entities, service platforms, service content, and operational models. The research findings provide guidance for agricultural product producers, distributors, sellers, and related service entities along the agricultural industry chain on how to use “internet +” for collaborative decision-making. This approach is beneficial for addressing the supply-demand imbalance and low resource allocation efficiency in China’s agricultural product market, thereby advancing the structural reform of China’s agricultural supply side.
Scaling Correlation Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentrations of Three South Indian Cities
Authors: Sankaran Adarsh , Rajesh Susan Mariam , Bahuleyan Muraleekrishnan , Plocoste Thomas , Santhoshkhan Sumayah , Lekha Akhila
Published: November 2024

Analyzing the fluctuations of particulate matter (PM) concentrations and their scaling correlation structures are useful for air quality management. Multifractal characterization of PM2.5 and PM10 of three cities in India wase considered using the detrended fluctuation procedure from 2018 to 2021. The cross-correlation of PM concentration in a multifractal viewpoint using the multifractal cross-correlation analysis (MFCCA) framework is proposed in this study. It was observed that PM2.5 was more multifractal and complex than PM10 at all the locations. The PM–gaseous pollutant (GP) and PM–meteorological variable (MV) correlations across the scales were found to be weak to moderate in different cities. There was no definite pattern in the correlation of PM with different meteorological and gaseous pollutants variables. The nature of correlation in the pairwise associations was found to be of diverse and mixed nature across the time scales and locations. All the time series exhibited multifractality when analyzed pairwise using multifractal cross-correlation analysis. However, there was a reduction in multifractality in individual cases during PM–GP and PM–MV paired analyses. The insights gained into the scaling behavior and cross-correlation structure from this study are valuable for developing prediction models for PMs by integrating them with machine learning techniques.
Comparative Analysis of Modern 3D-Printed Hybrid Resin-Ceramic Materials for Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Albrecht Miriam , Schmidt Franziska , Menzel Franziska , Yassine Jamila , Beuer Florian , Unkovskiy Alexey
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the impact of aging on surface roughness, color stability, and biocompatibility of hybrid resin-ceramic materials. A total of 225 specimens were produced from three three-dimensional (3D)-printed (HarzLabs Dental Sand Pro (HL), BEGO VarseoSmile Crown plus (BV), Voco V-Print c&b temp (VV)) and one milled material (Voco Grandio Blocs (VG)). Specimens were grouped into untreated, polished, and glazed surfaces. 5000 thermal cycles simulated aging. Surface roughness and color stability were analyzed, and surface topography was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biocompatibility was evaluated with L929 cells. Surface roughness differed significantly between untreated and other groups, with no changes before and after artificial aging. Untreated milled samples were significantly smoother than 3D-printed ones. SEM analysis revealed roughest surfaces in untreated 3D-printed specimens. Polished and glazed specimens were smoother than untreated ones. Color values showed significant differences between untreated and treated/aged groups. No material showed cytotoxicity. In summary, untreated VG was smoother than 3D-printed materials, but polishing and glazing reduced roughness to levels comparable to VG. Surface treatments induced color changes, with glazing causing more changes than polishing. Aging affected color stability and biocompatibility but not surface roughness. All materials showed acceptable color changes and good biocompatibility.
Amino-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework-Mediated Cellulose Aerogels for Efficient Cr(VI) Reduction
Authors: Yang Fan , Hao Dandan , Wu Miaomiao , Fu Bo , Zhang Xiongfei
Published: November 2024

Industrialization activities have increased the discharge of wastewater that is polluted with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), posing risks to ecosystems and humans. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) is viewed as a promising method for the removal of Cr(VI) species. However, developing photocatalysts with the desired catalytic activity, recyclability, and reusability remains a challenge. Herein, a composite aerogel was designed and fabricated with a Ti-based metal–organic framework (MIL-125-NH2) and carboxylated nanocellulose. MIL-125-NH2 presents a strong visible-light response, and the interactions between the amino groups of MIL-125-NH2 and the carboxyl groups of cellulose produce a strong interface affinity in the composites. The as-prepared aerogels exhibited a micro/macroporous structure. At an optimal MIL-125-NH2 loading of 55 wt%, the MC-5 sample showed a specific surface area of 582 m2·g−1. MC-5 achieved a photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 99.8%. Meanwhile, the aerogel-type photocatalysts demonstrated good stability and recycling ability, as MC-5 maintained a removal rate of 82% after 10 cycles. This work sheds light on the preparation of novel photocatalysts with three-dimensional structures for environmental remediation.
Review and Future Perspectives of Stimuli-Responsive Bridged Polysilsesquioxanes in Controlled Release Applications
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Han , Liu Xiaonan , Wang Jiao , Li Shifeng , Gao Peng
Published: November 2024

Bridged polysilsesquioxanes (BPSs) are emerging biomaterials composed of synergistic inorganic and organic components. These materials have been investigated as ideal carriers for therapeutic and diagnostic systems for their favorable properties, including excellent biocompatibility, physiological inertia, tunable size and morphology, and their extensive design flexibility of functional organic groups to satisfy diverse application requirements. Stimuli-responsive BPSs can be activated by both endogenous and exogenous stimuli, offering a precise, safe, and effective platform for the controlled release of various targeted therapeutics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of stimuli-responsive BPSs, focusing on their synthetic strategies, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, while critically assessing their capabilities for controlled release in response to specific stimuli. Furthermore, practical suggestions and future perspectives for the design and development of BPSs are presented. This review highlights the significant role of stimuli-responsive BPSs in advancing biomedical research.
Application of Machine Learning to Predict the Capacity of Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Juhua , Qin Shunli , Liang Chenggang , Chen Yiwei
Published: November 2024

Shale oil wells typically have numerous volume fracturing segments in their horizontal sections, resulting in significant variability in productivity across these segments. Conventional productivity prediction and fracturing effect evaluation methods are challenging to apply effectively. Establishing a stable and efficient intelligent productivity prediction method using machine learning is a promising approach for the effective development of shale oil reservoirs. This study is based on geological data, fracturing records, and a production database of 91 production wells in a shale oil reservoir in a specific area. Fourteen key parameters affecting productivity were selected from geological and engineering perspectives, and the recursive feature elimination method based on support vector machines identified five optimal main controlling factors. Three machine learning methods—decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)—were used to model productivity prediction, with root mean square error (RMSE) employed to evaluate model performance. The study results indicate that formation coefficient, cluster spacing, treatment volume, sand volume, and fracturing segment length are the main controlling factors influencing productivity in fractured horizontal wells. Among the models, the random forest algorithm with bootstrap sampling produced the most stable prediction results, achieving a prediction accuracy of 94% and an RMSE of 0.934 on the test set, outperforming the decision tree and GBDT models in terms of minimum RMSE on the test set.
Study of the Influence of the Mean Particle Diameter Choice and the Fractions Number on the Quality of Fluidized Bed Numerical Simulation
Authors: Solovev Sergei A. , Soloveva Olga V.
Published: November 2024

We investigate the choosing of the fractions number for numerical simulation of a polydisperse bubbling fluidized bed using the Sauter mean diameter. The results were verified using experiments from a glass tube with a diameter of 2.2 cm and a height of 50 cm. As a fluidizing agent, air with a velocity of 0.0716 m/s to 0.1213 m/s was used. Polydispersed aluminum oxide particles with a diameter size of 20–140 µm were used as a solid phase. We propose a simple method for choosing the fractions number for the polydispersed granular phase in order to improve the quality of the numerical simulation results. In this study, we consider the Sauter mean diameter D32 for each selected group of particles for the solid phase. By increasing the number of solid phase fractions, it is possible to obtain a mean boundary of the bubbling fluidized bed close to the observed experimental results. In our study, the division of polydispersed powder into four distinct solid-phase fractions enabled us to attain satisfactory agreement with experiments regarding the average value of the bed boundary.
Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Fracturing Integrated with Flooding by Slickwater in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Fan Pingtian , Liu Yuetian , Lin Ziyu , Guo Haojing , Li Ping
Published: November 2024

Tight reservoirs, with their nanoscale pore structures and limited permeability, present significant challenges for oil recovery. Composite fracturing fluids that combine both fracturing and oil recovery capabilities show great potential to address these challenges. This study investigates the performance of a slickwater-based fracturing fluid, combined with a high-efficiency biological oil displacement agent (HE-BIO), which offers both production enhancement and environmental compatibility. Key experiments included tests on single-phase flow, core damage assessments, interfacial tension measurements, and oil recovery evaluations. The results showed that (1) the slickwater fracturing fluid effectively penetrates the rock matrix, enhancing oil recovery while minimizing environmental impact; (2) it causes substantially less damage to the reservoir compared to traditional guar gum fracturing fluid, especially in cores with little higher initial permeability; and that (3) oil recovery improves as HE-BIO concentration increases from 0.5% to 2.5%, with 2.0% as the optimal concentration for maximizing recovery rates. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing fracturing oil displacement fluids in tight sandstone reservoirs, highlighting the potential of the integrated fracturing fluid to enhance sustainable oil recovery.