bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Depth Understanding of Near-Crash Events Through Pattern Recognition
Authors: Kong Xiaoqiang , Das Subasish , Zhang Yunlong , Wu Lingtao , Wallis Jason
Published: June 2022

Studying near-crashes can help safety researchers understand the nature of crashes from different perspectives. Conventional crash data sets lack information about what occurred directly before the crash event. This study used a near-crash data set extracted from a naturalistic driving study that includes features describing the vehicles, drivers, and information on other vehicles involved before and during the near-crash incidents. This data set provides us with a unique perspective to understand the patterns of near-crashes. This study applied the cluster correspondence analysis (cluster CA) algorithm to explore the patterns and the magnitude of each feature’s dominance within and between the clusters through dimension reduction. The analysis identifies six clusters with four types of near-crashes: near-crash with adjacent vehicles; near-crash with the following or leading vehicles; near-crash with turning vehicles; and near-crash with objects on the roadway. The results also show that the first two types of near-crash are the most common. The patterns for these two most common types of near-crash are different with or without the engagement of secondary tasks. The findings of this study provide a fresh perspective to understand different types of crash and associated patterns. Furthermore, these findings could help transportation agencies or vehicle designers develop a more effective countermeasure to mitigate the risk of collision.
Can We Identify Why Athletes Fail to Return to Sports After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Michael , Haratian Aryan , Fathi Amir , Kim Daniel R. , Patel Nilay , Bolia Ioanna K. , Hasan Laith K. , Petrigliano Frank A. , Weber Alexander E.
Published: June 2022

Background:

No previous systematic reviews have reported on athletes who fail to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Purpose:

To review the literature on athletes who fail to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair to determine the rate of athletes who did not return to sports and to identify the specific reasons for failure to return to sports by nonreturning athletes.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were queried for articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies were considered eligible only if reporting the rate of failure for return to sports and providing the specific reasons why athletes were unable to return to sports. All records were screened by title, abstract, and full text by 2 authors independently, with any discrepancies resolved by a third senior author. For articles selected for inclusion, data were collected on the number of athletes, average age, average follow-up time, type of sport played, rate of failure to return to sports, and specific reasons for failure to return. A random-effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis.

Results:

Seventeen studies were selected for inclusion reporting on a total of 813 athletes. The calculated weighted rate of failure to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair was 15.6% (95% CI, 10.9%-21.1%). A significantly higher proportion of athletes cited shoulder-dependent versus shoulder-independent reasons for failure to return to sports (81.7% vs 18.3%; P < .0001). The most cited reasons for failure to return included recurrent or persistent instability (33.3%), fear of reinjury (17.7%), apprehension (9.9%), changes in priorities or personal interest (8.5%), lack of time (7.1%), and discomfort or pain with sports (6.4%).

Conclusion:

Our study estimated the rate of failure to return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair to be 15.6%, with most athletes citing shoulder-related reasons as the primary factor precluding return. Identifying the potential reasons preventing successful return to sports can guide surgeons in counseling athletes regarding postoperative expectations and addressing hesitations for returning to sports.
Surgical Techniques and Clinical Outcomes for Medial Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arevalo Alfonso , Rao Somnath , Willier Donald P. , Schrock Christopher I. , Erickson Brandon J. , Jack Robert A. , Cohen Steven B. , Ciccotti Michael G.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Medial epicondylitis (ME) is a pathological condition that arises in laborers and athletes secondary to repetitive wrist flexion and forearm pronation causing degeneration of the common flexor tendon. Although nonoperative management has demonstrated high rates of success, no standardized surgical technique has been established for situations when operative management is indicated.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the surgical treatment options for ME and evaluate the associated patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We hypothesized that surgical management of ME would vary across studies but no technique would prove to be superior.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane databases between 1980 and April 2020. All level 1 to 4 studies were identified that focused on surgical management and PROs in the setting of ME. Description of surgical technique and PROs were required for inclusion. Investigators independently dually abstracted and reviewed the studies for eligibility. Weighted means were calculated for demographic characteristics and available PROs.

Results:

Overall, 851 studies were identified according to the search criteria. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and therefore were evaluated. Three surgical techniques were found: open (13 studies), arthroscopic (2 studies), and percutaneous (1 study). Descriptions of the open technique were subdivided into those with (7 studies) and without (6 studies) common flexor tendon repair. Analysis included 479 elbows; patients were primarily male (58.3%) with a weighted mean age of 47.2 years. Weighted mean follow-up was 4.6 years. Tennis and manual laborer were the most common sport and occupation, respectively. Surgical success ranged from 63% to 100%, with a low complication rate of 4.3%. Success rates for return to sports and work were 81%-100% and 66.7%-100%, respectively, and only 1 study reported a return to work rate <90%.

Conclusion:

This systematic review demonstrates that surgical intervention for refractory ME often has a high success rate. Regardless of surgical technique performed, patients generally demonstrated an improvement in PROs, and an encouraging number returned to work with limited complications. Further investigation is necessary to determine superiority among open, arthroscopic, and percutaneous techniques.
Suture Hook Versus All-Inside Repair for Longitudinal Tears of the Posterior Horn of the Medial Meniscus Concomitant to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Matched-Pair Analysis From the SANTI Study Group
Authors: Gousopoulos Lampros , Hopper Graeme P. , Saithna Adnan , Grob Charles , Levy Yoann , Haidar Ibrahim , Fayard Jean-Marie , Thaunat Mathieu , Vieira Thais Dutra , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: June 2022

Background:

Secondary meniscectomy rates after repair of longitudinal tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (PHMM) performed concomitantly with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are reported to be as high as 25% with an all inside repair technique. Posteromedial portal suture hook repair is an emerging technique; however, it is unknown whether it confers a significantly reduced secondary meniscectomy rate compared with the current gold standard.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The primary objective of this study was to compare the secondary meniscectomy rates of suture hook repair and all inside repair for longitudinal tears of the PHMM performed concomitant to ACLR. The secondary outcome was to determine the risk factors associated with the failure of the repair. It was hypothesized that repair with an all inside device would be associated with higher secondary meniscectomy rates when compared with suture hook repair and that concomitant anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) would confer improved meniscal repair survivorship.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with longitudinal tears of the PHMM who underwent meniscal repair during primary ACLR between January 2011 and December 2015 at our institution were eligible for the study. Patients undergoing suture hook repair were propensity matched in a 1:1 ratio to patients who underwent all inside repair. At the end of the study period, secondary meniscectomy rates were determined.

Results:

The study population comprised 237 matched pairs. The mean follow up was 97.7 ± 17.3 months. Patients who underwent an all inside repair had a >2-fold higher failure rate compared with patients who underwent suture hook repair through a posteromedial portal (31.2% vs 15.6%; P = .0003). Patients in the suture hook repair group undergoing additional ALLR demonstrated a >3-fold higher meniscal repair survival rate compared with all other subgroups ( P = .0014). This association was not seen in the all inside repair group. The only statistically significant risk factor for meniscal repair failure was the suture repair technique (hazard ratio, 2.133 [95% CI, 1.383-3.292]; P = .0008).

Conclusion:

Suture hook repair through a posteromedial portal is associated with a significantly lower secondary meniscectomy rate when compared with the all inside meniscal repair of longitudinal tears of the PHMM performed at the time of ACLR. Furthermore, patients in the suture hook repair group who underwent an additional ALLR had a significantly better meniscal repair survivorship compared with all other subgroups.
The role of the university research laboratory in technology transfer to firms in Brazil: Two case studies in biotechnology
Authors: Liboreiro Karla Rocha , Corradi Ariane A , Rapini Márcia Siqueira
Published: June 2022

This paper analyzes the role of the university research laboratory in university–industry interactions for technology transfer. Specifically, it examines how the laboratory research infrastructure, team qualification and local incentives influence knowledge and technology transfer in biotechnology. Despite the importance of the research laboratory for an entrepreneurial university and the development of new technologies, few studies have focused on this level of analysis. This research addresses this literature gap with data from two leading laboratories in a highly-ranked Brazilian university. Data were collected through questionnaires on laboratory infrastructure and channels of collaboration with firms, interviews with laboratory leaders and key post-doc fellows, and documentary research. The results show that physical infrastructure, biological samples and qualified teams enabled technology transfer to firms. The main channel of interaction between these laboratories and firms is the generation of spin-offs, which perform the bilateral hybrid function of disseminating university research results and brokering patent licensing to larger firms. Spin-offs also contribute to the absorptive capacity of larger firms and, above all, allow laboratories to disclose results to the community and potential end-users. The findings present a new perspective on spin-off technology transfer in Brazil and open new research avenues for other developing countries.
Quality of life measures and physical activity in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Nelson Meghan Corrigan , Gibson Sinclair , Villacis-Nunez D. Sofia , Kimi Chan Lai Hin , Ponder Lori , Prahalad Sampath , Moorthy L. Nandini
Published: June 2022

Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a life-long disease with significant morbidity and mortality, and with associated significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Previous literature supports that physical activity has positive impact on HRQOL in patients with chronic diseases, including cSLE. We sought to describe the physical activity of our patients with cSLE and determine the relationship between physical activity, SLE activity, treatment modalities and HRQOL in cSLE. Children ≤18 years of age with cSLE and their parents were enrolled and completed corresponding child and parent Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters© reports (cSMILEY© and pSMILEY©, respectively), and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) or Adolescents (PAQ-A). Through retrospective chart review, we assessed the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) using the SLEDAI-2K assessment tool. Descriptive statistics as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficients were performed with the data obtained. Forty-four children and their parents were enrolled; clinical data, SMILEY© and PAQ-C or PAQ-A scores of cSLE subjects were evaluated. The most frequently reported physical activity modality was walking (61.3%), with mean frequency of 3.7 ± 1.8 days a week, and a median of 3.5 days a week. Although there was no correlation noted between treatment modalities and PAQ-C/PAQ-A, there was weak correlation between SLEDAI and PAQ-C/PAQ-A (Pearson correlation= 0.2, ρ = 0.1, p = 0.9, n = 44). There was a weak correlation between SMILEY total score and PAQ [cSMILEY© and PAQ-C/PAQ-A combined cohorts (Pearson correlation = 0.2, ρ = 0.3, p = 0.07, n = 44), and modest correlation between pSMILEY© scores and PAQ-C/PAQ-A combined cohorts (Pearson correlation = 0.3, ρ = 0.3, p = 0.05, n = 44)] . Our study emphasizes the need for larger samples to understand the prognostic value of activity levels and the extent to which increasing physical activity might be linked to improvements in HRQOL in this vulnerable population.
A Poisson-multinomial spatial model for simultaneous outbreaks with application to arboviral diseases
Authors: Schmidt Alexandra M. , Freitas Laís P. , Cruz Oswaldo G. , Carvalho Marilia S.
Published: June 2022

Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases (AVD) transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti. Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, has been endemic for dengue for over 30 years, and experienced the first joint epidemic of the three diseases between 2015-2016. They present similar symptoms and only a small proportion of cases are laboratory-confirmed. These facts lead to potential misdiagnosis and, consequently, uncertainty in the registration of the cases. We have available the number of cases of each disease for the [Formula: see text] neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro. We propose a Poisson model for the total number of cases of Aedes-borne diseases and, conditioned on the total, we assume a multinomial model for the allocation of the number of cases of each of the diseases across the neighborhoods. This provides simultaneously the estimation of the associations of the relative risk of the total cases of AVD with environmental and socioeconomic variables; and the estimation of the probability of presence of each disease as a function of available covariates. Our findings suggest that a one standard deviation increase in the social development index decreases the relative risk of the total cases of AVD by 28%. Neighborhoods with smaller proportion of green area had greater odds of having chikungunya in comparison to dengue and Zika. A one standard deviation increase in population density decreases the odds of a neighborhood having Zika instead of dengue by 18% but increases the odds of chikungunya in comparison to dengue by 18% and by 43% in comparison to Zika.
3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites: A review of the processing, pre- and post-processing effects on mechanical properties
Authors: Safari Faraz , Kami Abdolvahed , Abedini Vahid
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this study is to review existing research on the application of fused deposition modeling (FDM) for 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). An overview of additive manufacturing technology production techniques is provided first, followed by a look into FDM technology. The articles on CFRC printing were then summarized. The type of reinforcing material and matrix utilized, the studied parameters, the mechanical tests, and their results, are all listed. Various pre-processing, processing, and post-processing conditions, as well as their impact on CFRC mechanical properties, were also discussed. Finally, several study gaps were identified and suggestions for further research were presented.
Factors Influencing Plastic Bag Avoidance Behaviour Among the Indian Consumers
Authors: Geetha Rajendran
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore and test the key factors influencing consumer’s intention to use green shopping bags towards plastic avoidance behaviour. The data were collected from 480 Indian respondents and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results revealed that environmental motivation and government initiatives have a significant effect on consumer’s intention to use green shopping bags. However, group conformity has an insignificant effect on consumer’s intention. Finally, consumer’s intention has significant effect on plastic avoidance behaviour. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first empirical research conducted on plastic bag avoidance behaviour in the Indian context. The findings provide valuable insight for the government and the policy makers to implement effective policies to protect the environment.
Identifying Symptom Clusters in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy using Symptom Occurrence and Distress Dimensions
Authors: Al Qadire Mohammad , Aljezawi Ma’en , Al Omari Omar , Alatoum Aiah Monther , Khalaf Atika
Published: June 2022

The current study explored symptom clusters in a heterogenous sample that includes all age groups, and all types of cancer being treated with chemotherapy. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The sample comprise 393 cancer patients with a mean age of 52.1 years ( SD 13.9). The most prevalent symptoms were tiredness (78.9%), lack of energy (71.8%), and irritability (66.9%) and the most distressing symptom was lack of appetite. Four clusters of the symptom experience: chemotherapy-related, psychological, fatigue and pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms, regardless of the dimension used, were identified. The content and number of symptoms within each cluster using the distress dimension were slightly different from the occurrence dimension. The findings call for an early comprehensive assessment and treatment of symptoms for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Also, healthcare providers especially nurses need to thoroughly assess and manage these symptoms to ease patients’ experience, enhance their compliance and improve their quality of life.
Cumulative Stress of Single Mothers - An Exploration of Potential Risk Factors
Authors: Sartor Teresa , Lange Sarah , Tröster Heinrich
Published: June 2022

Studies report that single mothers are at a higher risk for psychological stress than married mothers. This study investigates which risk factors are relevant for the stress of single mothers and how much the maternal stress depends on the number of stressors occurring in combination. For this purpose, multiple regression analyses as well as ANOVAs were calculated using data from 923 single mothers from Germany. Factors influencing single mothers' stress are (1) low parenting self-efficacy beliefs on the part of the mother, (2) at least one child with a disability, (3) low perceived social support, (4) a new partnership, and (5) the age of the youngest child. Cumulation of several stressors causes a significant increase in stress in the domain resulting from the child's behavior and characteristics, i.e. single mothers with several simultaneously occurring stressors experience many times more stress especially in this domain than those who are affected by only one stressor. Our findings suggest that it is not sufficient to focus interventions on the relative disadvantages of single mothers, but that the combined occurrence of different stressors and their cumulative effect should be focused on in prevention and intervention.
Delay-dependent and order-dependent stability and stabilization analysis of variable fractional order uncertain differential systems with time-varying delay via linear matrix inequality approach
Authors: Wang Chunxiu , Zhou Xingde , Shi Xianzeng , Jin Yitong
Published: June 2022

This paper concentrates on the robust stability and stabilization analysis of variable fractional order uncertain differential systems with time-varying delay. Firstly, by using a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and constructing an appropriate variable fractional order inequality, a novel delay-dependent and order-dependent stability theorem of the nominal systems is proposed. Then, based on the above stability conditions, the robust delay-dependent and order-dependent stability conditions for the uncertain systems are discussed. Moreover, in order to stabilize the nominal and uncertain systems, state feedback controllers are also derived with the help of the presented stability criteria. All the results are in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the introduced theoretical formulation.
Ethical Engagement and Relational Materialism: A Dialogue
Authors: Kuntz Aaron M. , Wooten Michelle
Published: June 2022

This article is derived from a webinar series conversation titled, “Post Philosophies and the Doing of Inquiry.” During the webinar panelists were asked to respond to four questions:

1. How does your philosophical approach influence your ways of doing inquiry?

2. What does this philosophical approach make thinkable or possible for inquiry?

3. What are your perspectives on methodology(ies) and/or methods? How do you envision that in your approaches to doing inquiry?

4. What mechanisms could be put in place at universities to help supervisors and/or committees support students doing post philosophy inspired ways of inquiring?
Toward a Participatory Digital Ethnography of Blockchain Governance
Authors: Rennie Ellie , Zargham Michael , Tan Joshua , Miller Luke , Abbott Jonathan , Nabben Kelsie , De Filippi Primavera
Published: June 2022

Blockchain governance occurs through a combination of social and technical activities, involving smart contracts, deliberation within a group, and voting. These processes are significant as they demonstrate how governance of distributed infrastructures is evolving. While typologies of blockchain governance can be constructed by gathering on-chain interactions and formal rules, other aspects are more difficult to observe, including governance interactions occurring inside discussion forums. In this article, we discuss a participatory digital ethnography technique, whereby participants and researchers use a bespoke bot to identify governance interactions occurring within project forums (on Discord). The technique is designed to be used in conjunction with the analysis of software for the purpose of mapping and understanding the “governance surface” of different protocols. We describe our tools and methods for understanding automated futures through a case study of the SourceCred community, an organization using, developing, and maintaining open source software called SourceCred. The SourceCred codebase is also used by other decentralized communities for various organizational functions, including reputation and compensation.
Intersectional Inquiry, on the Ground and in the Algorithm
Authors: Robertson Shanthi , Magee Liam , Soldatić Karen
Published: June 2022

This article makes two key contributions to methodological debates in automation research. First, we argue for and demonstrate how methods in this field must account for intersections of social difference, such as race, class, ethnicity, culture, and disability, in more nuanced ways. Second, we consider the complexities of bringing together computational and qualitative methods in an intersectional methodological approach while also arguing that in their respective subjects (machines and human subjects) and conceptual scope they enable a specific dialogue on intersectionality and automation to be articulated. We draw on field reflections from a project that combines an analysis of intersectional bias in language models with findings from a community workshop on the frustrations and aspirations produced through engagement with everyday artificial intelligence (AI)–driven technologies in the context of care.
“Don’t I Have a Say?”: A Critical Autoethnography on Choice and Essentiality-of-Being
Authors: Williams Christopher B.
Published: June 2022

In this autoethnography, I reflect on the last 72-hours of telephonic experiences with my godmother’s decision to live or die before entering a nursing facility. “Don’t I have a say” is a broader critical reflection about older adults’ lack of personal choices with regard to their health care without advance directives and the caregiver’s best interest decision-making approach. The central ideas in this autoethnography illuminate choice theory and the essentiality of being. From my godmother’s point of view, choice theory and essentiality of being highlight the need for her “owning” her health care decision. From my perspective, choice theory offers new perspectives and solutions to best interest decision-making as a potential caregiver. While in the final hours of my godmother’s life, she “owned” the decision; however, years later, I am still processing what happens when a person wills death to have the final say.
Nivolumab-induced pneumonitis and cardiopathy in a patient with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Bonhomme-Faivre Laurence , Guarino Valentina , Misra Srimanta C
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Nivolumab, the monoclonal antibody inhibitor of programmed cell death protein 1, enhances the T-cell response, including anti-tumour responses, by blocking the attachment of programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed death-ligand 2 ligands to the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor, which in turn leads to a reduction in tumour growth. Nivolumab has been approved in relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma after autologous transplantation of haematopoietic stem cell and treatment with brentuximab as monotherapy.

Case report

We herewith report a case of 65-year-old woman who developed an interstitial pneumonitis and a global cardiac hypokinesis following a treatment with Nivolumab for a refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Nivolumab was administered as the fifth line of therapy. Some concomitant patient treatments include drug with known autoimmune toxicities. Although the patient had a persistent complete remission following the sixth infusion, it was discontinued as she developed dyspnea of NYHA stage IV and orthopnea. The chest tomography revealed a bilateral micronodular pattern of organizing pneumonia with bilateral pleural effusion. The forced expiratory volume was decreased to 50%. In parallel her transthoracic echocardiography revealed a global hypokinesis with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%.

Management and outcome

The patient was treated with empiric antibiotics although the microbial assessments were negative. She was also treated with beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed after 4 months confirmed the hypokinetic cardiopathy with an ejection fraction of 48%. The patient had a significant clinical improvement. The tomography emission positron scan conducted 8 months after interruption of Nivolumab showed complete remission with some moderate activation of residual lesion basal posterior lobe of left lung field.

Discussion

Early and effective diagnosis of immune-related adverse events through the search for predictive biomarkers like drug factors and individual risk factors will allow targeted surveillance leading to a better tolerance.
The modern Burch-Schneider antiprotrusio cage for the treatment of acetabular defects: is it still an option? A systematic review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Sarantis Michail , Gkiatas Ioannis , Jang Seong J , Gu Alex , Thorey Fritz , Alexiades Michael M , Nikolaou Vasileios S
Published: June 2022

Background:

A number of papers have been published about the clinical performance of modern rough-blasted titanium Burch-Schneider antiprotrusio cages (BS-APCs) for the treatment of acetabular bone defects. However, no systematic review of the literature has been published to date.

Methods:

The US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications using keywords pertinent to Burch-Schneider antiprotrusio cage, revision THA, and clinical outcomes.

Results:

8 articles were found to be suitable for inclusion in the present study in which 374 cases (370 patients) had been treated with modern BS-APCs. Most acetabular bone defects were type 3 according to the Paprosky classification (type 2C: 18.1%, 3A: 51%, and 3B: 28.9%). The overall re-revision rate for the 374 acetabular reconstructions with modern BS-APCs was 11.5% (43 cases). The short-term survival rate of the modern BS-APC construct was 90.6% (339 out of 374 cases), while the mid-term survival rate was 85.6% (320 out of 374 cases), and the long-term survival rate 62% (54 out of 87 cases). The most common reasons for revision were aseptic loosening (5.6%), periprosthetic joint infection (3.8%), dislocation (2.7%), and acetabular periprosthetic fracture (1.9%).

Conclusions:

There was moderate quality evidence to show that the use of modern rough blasted titanium BS-APCs in cases of acetabular bone loss has an unacceptably high failure rate (38%). Given that antiprotrusio cages do not provide any biological fixation, we would not recommend the routine use of modern BS-APCs in complex revision THA cases. By contrast, the satisfactory short- to mid-term outcome of modern BS-APCs in combination with their low cost compared to highly porous acetabular implants, make us feel that BS-APCs might still be used in selected elderly or low-demand patients without severe superomedial acetabular bone loss.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on SuperPATH approach versus conventional approaches for hip arthroplasty
Authors: Joseph Vinay M , Nagy Mathias , Board Timothy N
Published: June 2022

Aim:

The SuperPATH approach has been in practice for almost a decade. There is no systematic review to date comparing the novel SuperPATH approach with conventional approaches. Therefore, it is important to conduct an up-to-date review to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of the SuperPATH approach in comparison to widely accepted traditional approaches. Our primary aim was to compare the newer SuperPATH approach with the traditional approaches to the hip in terms of functional outcome and radiological parameters. We also aimed to identify any potential complications of the SuperPATH approach as it is a new surgical technique lacking any published sytematic reviews.

Materials and methods:

The review was conducted in accordance with the steps detailed in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic reviews of intervention and will be reported bearing in mind the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PICO terms were independently searched in multiple databases. Studies that compared SuperPATH with traditional approaches were included in the analysis.

Results:

7 studies including a total of 730 patients were available for final analysis. 3 studies were randomised control trials, 2 were prospective cohort studies and 2 were non-randomised case control studies. Patients in the SuperPATH group were discharged earlier (2 days difference in weighted mean). The operative time was 5 minutes longer (84.46 vs. 78.99) and there was a marginal decrease in blood loss (38 ml lesser) in the SuperPATH approach. VAS Score and HHS at the end of 1 year was comparable in both study groups. Cup abduction angle and anteversion angles were acceptable and comparable in both groups.

Conclusions:

The SuperPATH approach shows minimal improvement in length of hospital stay and blood loss with no significant improvement in pain or functional outcome score. There are no major complications reported and the radiological parameters are comparable.
Ageing on the internet: Feminist perspectives on sexist practices
Authors: Ahlawat Ila
Published: June 2022

This research article undertakes a timely interrogation of the anti-woman digital practices on social media environments, particularly Twitter – specifically, practices seeped in gender bigotry and ageism. It introduces the relatively unexplored concept of digital temporality vis-à-vis digital feminist analysis, and relies, to a limited extent, on empirically examining Indian Twitter primarily and American and Australian Twitter to a lesser extent. The article analyses how image-aesthetics for women, dependent on their age (manifested in appearance and perception of women’s digital image), are a patriarchy-propped digital trend and how that promotes a culture of digital ageism, predicated on women’s appearance. This study also examines and establishes how women users on Twitter are susceptible to continual ageing as images on the digital screen and how digital ageing is a gendered phenomenon. The scope of this article is to examine digital ageism from theoretical perspectives, and offer empirical examples from news portals and Twitter media to substantiate some crucial arguments. This project, of course, also opens more scope to quantitatively account for digital ageism through detailed empirical studies as is also the scope to examine the various subversive tools that could potentially be utilized in gendered rubrics to defy or negate sexist ageism on social media.
Design of a new movement competence assessment for children aged 8–12: A Delphi poll study
Authors: Gavigan Nathan , Belton Sarahjane , Whyte Enda , O’Connor Siobhan , Morley David , Issartel Johann
Published: June 2022

Assessing children's movement competence (MC) offers numerous benefits for academics, practitioners, clinicians and children, allowing individuals to meet children's developmental needs and improve their MC. Yet, there is concern that currently available assessment tools only provide a single plane (fundamental movement skills) perspective of a child's MC. The aim of this study was to elicit the expert opinion of a mixture of academics and practitioners from a variety of fields (research, education, sport, physiotherapy, athletic therapy) to design a tool to measure both the fundamental and functional movement skills of children aged 8–12. A three-round Delphi poll with an international panel of 17 academics ( n = 8) and practitioners ( n = 9) was conducted. The consensus was that the assessment should assess (a) object manipulation, (b) locomotor, and (c) stability MC and the assessment layout should be dynamic, incorporating a hybrid model of stations and a circuit. Expert consensus was that most skills were to be performed using the dominant and non-dominant side, with object manipulation skills assessed using process and product criteria. The consensus was also that the assessment should have varied ‘layers’ of marking criteria to cater for varying assessor expertise and have a series of ‘add-on” elements to provide a more detailed evaluation should it be needed. These findings present the foundation and content validity of an assessment which takes a dualistic view of children's movement skills, that could be used across several environments (schools, sports clubs, clinical settings, etc.) and could be suitable for use with a large group of children.
Private security and national security: The case of Estonia
Authors: Light Matthew , Singh Anne-Marie , Gold Josh
Published: June 2022

Most studies of private security postulate exclusively internal, primarily economic, causes of the industry's growth and regulation. In contrast, based on the case of post-Soviet Estonia, we investigate how a state's external security environment influences private security. Estonia's tense relations with neighbouring Russia and related pursuit of EU and NATO membership have generated several policies through which private security evolved from a lawless, politically contested industry to a modest, lightly regulated one: (1) the exclusion of public police from private security and an effective campaign against organized crime that together enabled an autonomous and non-criminalized security industry to emerge, (2) free-trade policies that permitted western companies to acquire Estonian security firms, and (3) an ‘all-of-nation' approach to national security that promotes comprehensive state-civil society security cooperation. Estonia thus clarifies how high politics shapes private security, while also revealing the factors that make the industry relatively uncontentious in most industrialized democracies.
The not-so-hidden partisan politics of community policing: Community police meetings in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: MacColman Leslie Elva , Dikenstein Violeta
Published: June 2022

Community policing promises to foster collaboration between police and citizens, strengthen social cohesion, and address the root causes of crime and disorder. In order to understand why it often fails to achieve this, we argue that scholars should recognize community–police meetings as sites of dynamic, multi-scalar political contestation and pay closer attention to the not-so-hidden partisan struggles that shape them. Our empirical analysis focuses on Buenos Aires, Argentina. Based on ethnographic observation of 30 community–police meetings and interviews with 50 politicians, police officers, activists, and everyday citizens, we explain how higher-order partisan contests influenced the dynamics and outcomes of local meetings. We show how these meetings exacerbated social schisms, reified ideological differences between competing parties, and galvanized support for the City Government’s “law and order” policies. Our results suggest that local participation sometimes reinforces the punitive approaches to urban problems that community policing originally aimed to transcend.
Studying Under Stress: The Effect of COVID-19 Psychological Distress on Academic Challenges and Performance of Post-Secondary Students
Authors: Sukhawathanakul Paweena , Hadwin Allyson , Rostampour Ramin , Bahena Olivares Michelle , Shostak Kate
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant disruptions in the learning environment for many post-secondary students. While emerging evidence suggest mental health has declined during the pandemic, little is known about how the pandemic has affected students academically. This study investigates how COVID-19 psychological distress impacts academic performance among a Canadian sample of post-secondary students (n = 496). Path analysis findings suggest that greater levels of COVID-19 distress was associated with lower self-reported predicted GPA. Metacognitive, motivational, and social and emotional challenges emerged as the most salient challenge areas that fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 psychological distress and self-reported predicted GPA. Specifically, COVID-19 distress predicted greater levels of metacognitive and motivational challenges which, in turn, predicted lower self-reported GPA. Similarly, greater levels of COVID-19 distress predicted more social and emotional challenges but these challenges were associated to higher perceived GPA. Findings warrant future research to help students manage and cope with academic challenges that may be exacerbated under stressful conditions.
Chasing theDragon(Magazine): Gender Erasure Through Discourse inDragonMagazine, 1978–2005
Authors: Dashiell Steven L.
Published: June 2022

This article examines the methods of discursive erasure of gender occurring in gaming spaces dominated by men. Tom Digby postulates a warrior masculinity honed among boys throughout their early experiences of gender socialization. This indoctrination valorizes manhood acts encouraged in male-dominated spaces. I use critical discourse analysis to examine 45 articles from Dragon magazine, a popular periodical associated with Dungeons & Dragons. I highlight textual characteristics of gender erasure, including pronoun usage, characterization of women as sources of protection, and humor surrounding women’s issues to illustrate how women were sidelined in early gaming subculture. I argue a historical reduction of women’s participation and a persisting male preserve set the stage for the contemporary concerns about gatekeeping and poor treatment of women in gaming and other fandoms.
Treating Volitional Elimination Disorders in a Healthy Adult: Applying Cognitive Behavioral Principles in the Absence of Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Finch Ellen F. , Shikatani Bethany , Snir Avigal , Smith Lisa
Published: June 2022

Elimination disorders are common in children, and numerous psychosocial treatments for pediatric enuresis and encopresis are available to guide clinicians. However, only five cases of functional elimination disorders in adults are published to date, all of which involve severe comorbid psychopathology, and no treatment guidelines for adult elimination disorders exist. This case report presents, to our knowledge, the first documented case of functional elimination disorder in an otherwise healthy, high-functioning adult. “Ben” is a 20-year-old male who sought treatment for chronic enuresis and encopresis, as well as difficulties with procrastination of schoolwork. Ben engaged in 21 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy and reported substantial decreases in elimination disorder symptoms. However, improvements fluctuated throughout treatment and remained present at mild levels at 3-month follow-up. This report outlines the cognitive behavioral interventions applied throughout this treatment, which consisted of pediatric elimination disorder interventions adapted for an adult with additional cognitive behavioral tools.
Apigeninidin-enriched Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) extracts alleviate Aflatoxin B1-induced dysregulation of male rat hypothalamic-reproductive axis
Authors: Owumi Solomon E , Otunla Moses T , Arunsi Uche O , Oyelere Adegboyega K
Published: June 2022

We examined the protective effect of the apigeninidin (API)-enriched fraction from Sorghum bicolor sheaths extracts (SBE-05, SBE-06, and SBE-07) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced dysregulation of male rat’s reproductive system that may trigger infertility. Male rats (160 ± 12 g) were treated with AFB1 (50 µg/kg) along with 5 or 10 mg/kg of SBE-05, SBE-06, and SBE-07 for 28 days. Subsequently, we assessed the reproductive hormone—prolactin, FSH, LH, testosterone levels, and testicular function enzymes. Moreover, we examined rats’ testes, epididymis, and hypothalamus for oxidative and inflammatory stress biomarkers, caspase-9 activity and tissues pathology. We observed that comparative to AFB1 alone treated rats, API co-treatment significantly ( p  <  0.05) abated the AFB1-mediated decrease in prolactin and antioxidant defenses and lessened lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels in the examined organs—testes, epididymis, and hypothalamus. API abated AFB1-induced hormone decreases—testosterone, FSH, and LH; and caused improvement in sperm quantity and quality. API lessened AFB1-mediated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine, increased interleukin-10 level, an anti-inflammatory cytokine and reduced caspase-9 activities. In addition, API reduced alterations in the examined tissue histology. Our findings suggest that S. bicolor API-enrich extracts have active antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, which can protect against AFB1-induced dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
Intermittent hypoxia promotes the recovery of motor function in rats with cerebral ischemia by regulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Su Yue , Ke Changkai , Li Chen , Huang Chuan , Wan Chunxiao
Published: June 2022

Hypoxia preconditioning is neuroprotective, but the therapeutic effects of intermittent hypoxia were not fully considered. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of intermittent hypoxia on motor function after cerebral ischemia and explored alternative clinical treatment options. In total, 36 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and then randomly divided into a sham-operated group (SHAM), tMCAO-sedentary group (SED), and tMCAO-intermittent hypoxia group (IH). The intervention was performed 1 week after tMCAO and lasted 4 weeks. Rats in the IH group were placed in an animal hypoxic chamber (altitude 5000 m and oxygen concentration of 13%) for 4 h/day and 7 days/week, and rats in the SED group were placed in a normoxic environment for 4 weeks. Body weights, neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarction volume ratios, gait analyses, mitochondrial structure, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and AMO-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), and silencing regulatory protein 3 (Sirt3) expression in the peri-ischemic region brain tissues were detected during the intervention. Compared with the SED group, the body weight of the IH group gradually recovered, and the neurological deficit scores were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05). The gait analysis results showed that the pressure of the affected paw and the maximum content area, swing speed, stride length, and other parameters were significantly restored ( P < 0.05). The cerebral infarction volume ratio was significantly reduced ( P < 0.01). Mitochondrial morphological structure damage in the peri-ischemic region brain tissues recovered, the number was significantly increased ( P < 0.05), and the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and Sirt3 proteins ( P < 0.05), and ATP content were significantly increased ( P < 0.05). Intermittent hypoxia may activate the AMPK–PGC-1α–Sirt3 signaling pathway, promote mitochondrial biogenesis, repair mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and improve mitochondrial function to reduce brain damage and promote motor function recovery in rats with cerebral ischemia.
Including a Vessel Loop in Wound Closure Facilitates Suture Removal Following Open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Frazier Mary C. , Tomooka L. Beren H. , Foeger Nicholas , Hagan Hugh J. , Apel Peter J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Many hand surgeons prefer to close palmar wounds with non-absorbable mattress sutures. Suture removal can be painful and time-consuming. In this study, we investigated if suture removal can be facilitated by including a vessel loop in wound closure following open carpal tunnel release (CTR).

Methods:

Overall, 47 patients aged 18 to 75 undergoing elective primary open unilateral CTR completed this unblinded, prospective randomized controlled superiority trial. Subjects were randomized into 1 of 2 study arms: (1) wound closure without a vessel loop (standard, n = 28); or (2) wound closure with a vessel loop (vessel loop, n = 19). Data were collected on time for wound closure and for suture removal. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess satisfaction and pain with suture removal.

Results:

There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in patient demographics or time for suture placement. Visual analog scale satisfaction with suture removal was significantly lower in the standard group (8.6 ± 2.6) compared to vessel loop group (9.9 ± 0.28, P < .05). VAS pain with suture removal was significantly higher in the standard group (2.6 ± 2.7) versus vessel loop group (0.68 ± 1.1, P < .01). Additionally, suture removal time was significantly longer in standard group (84 seconds ± 83) versus vessel loop group (31 seconds ± 13, P < .0001).

Conclusions:

Addition of a vessel loop in wound closure for primary open CTR increases patient satisfaction and reduces pain with and time taken for suture removal.