bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISA EFEKTIVITAS HEAT EXCHANGER OIL COOLER SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MAINTENANCE
Authors: Aziz Masyhuri  , Angky Puspawan  , Agus Suandi
Published: March 2023

MUSI PLTA is one of the state-owned companies engaged in Hydroelectric Power Generation, MUSI PLTA is one of the largest power plants in Bengkulu Province, which is also a power plant in several provinces on the island of Sumatra. Air power plants consist of many interrelated components which then convert the potential energy of the air into mechanical energy which is then transformed into electrical energy. One of the most important components of this plant is the oil cooler. The oil cooler is a heat exchanger that functions to cool the oil that will be used as a thrust bearing on the generator. This oil cooler has a shell and tube type where two types of fluids flow separately with a two pass heat exchanger type. The effectiveness of the oil cooler unit 1 UL PLTA MUSI on conditions before and before treatment was obtained from the calculation of the effectiveness value. In the pre-maintenance condition, the effectiveness value was 9.947089947 %, while in the pre-maintenance condition the effectiveness value was 13.03 %.
ANALISA KOEFISIEN UJUK KERJA MESIN PENDINGIN (CHILLER) UNIT 1 PADA POWER HOUSE
Authors: Julianto Sinaga  , Yovan Witanto  , Agus Nuramal
Published: March 2023

Each refrigerant has different characteristic properties which affect the refrigeration effect and the resulting coefficient of performance (COP). A refrigeration machine that works by cooling water is called a refrigeration machine chillers. Chiller is an air conditioner with no cooling system direct. In this indirect cooling system, the refrigeration engine does not instantly cools the air in every room. Refrigeration machine cools water demin first, then this cold demin water is used for cool the air in the room. Cold demin water as cooling medium to reduce the temperature of a wide room at power house (PH) PLTA Musi. The method used in working on this practical work report is:by making observations or observations in the field, conducting interviews (interview) with supervisors and practical work supervisors regarding theoretical data (specification data). In this study, the Cooling Performance Coefficient (COP) was analyzed On Power House (PH) PT PLN (PERSERO) UL PLTA Musi The results of this study get the conclusion, namely: The coefficient of performance (COP) on the machine chiller unit 1 in Power House PLTA Musi by 4.22 is smaller than specification coefficient. This indicates that the cooling system is working properly optimal.
PENGARUH PEMBEBANAN TERHADAP ARUS EKSITASI PADA GENERATOR
Authors: Hamdan Rizal Maulana  , Agus Suandi  , Helmizar
Published: March 2023

The generator in the hydropower system is used to convert mechanical energy originating from the turbine rotation into electrical energy by producing an electromotive force. Excitation is one of the most crucial parts of the Generator system, where excitation plays a role in forming/producing electromagnetic flux, resulting in an induced emf. The amplifying current is used to adjust the magnitude of the output voltage according to the applied load. The tool used to regulate the excitation current is the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). The differential loading on the generator changes every time. Therefore a power plant must be able to generate electricity in accordance with the magnitude of the changing load. In power generation, these loading fluctuations can be overcome by adjusting the water valve opening and the excitation current flowing to the electromagnet coil on the generator rotor with constant rotor rotation by the AVR so that electric power is generated according to the applied load. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the load on the excitation current. The results obtained are the load has an effect on the excitation current.
ANALISIS KECEPATAN ENKRIPSI DEKRIPSI DAN ALOKASI MEMORI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA DES, 3DES DAN ELGAMAL
Authors: Setiawan Hermawan , Kamila Mutiara Intan , Yulandi Yulandi
Published: March 2023

Perkembangan teknologi membawa kemajuan pesat dalam bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK). Kemajuan ini memberikan akses ke dalam ketersediaan literatur dan kemudahan dalam mengakses informasi melalui berbagai media. Namun, keamanan atas informasi dan data diperlukan sebagai bentuk kerahasiaan, menjaga integritas data dan otentikasi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan ilmu kriptografi yang dapat menyandikan data. Salah satu contoh penggunaannya ialah dengan algoritma kriptografi. Algoritma DES merupakan algoritma kriptografi simetris yang dapat bekerja dengan cepat. Algoritma 3DES yang merupakan pengembangan dari DES memakai panjang kunci tiga kali ukuran kunci DES dan tiga kali perulangan skema DES. Sedangkan ElGamal yang merupakan algoritma kunci publik juga memiliki tingkat keamanan yang baik karena sulitnya menghitung logaritma diskrit. Tentunya ketiga algoritma memiliki performansi dan keunggulan yang berbeda. Terutama jika digunakan sebuah dokumen sebagai input dan output. Fokus penelitian membahas perbandingan kecepatan enkripsi dekripsi data dan alokasi memori algoritma DES, 3DES dan ElGamal pada data teks txt yang diimplementasikan dalam bahasa pemograman C.
EVLİ ÇİFTLERDE 2D:4D PARMAK UZUNLUK ORANININ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ, EVLİLİKTE DOYUM VE UYUM ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİYE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İNCEOĞLU Feyza , BAĞCI UZUN Gökçe
Published: March 2023

Evlilik uyum ve doyumları yüksek olan bireylerin yaşam doyumları, hayat kaliteleri de yüksek düzeydedir. Bireylerin kişisel özellikleri hayatın her alanında etkili olduğu gibi evlilikler üzerinde de etkilidir. 505 evli bireyin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli uygulanmıştır. Sağ ve sol el 2D:4D parmak uzunlukları oranları, “Beş Faktörlü Kişilik Envanteri”, “Evlilik Doyumu” ve “Evlilik Uyumu” ölçekleri kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modellemesi diyagramı kurulmuştur. Sağ ve sol 2D:4D parmak uzunluklarının ölçekler üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı bulunmuştur. Modifikasyonlar ile kurulan ikinci modelde kişilik özelliklerinin, evlilik uyumu (p=0.001<0.05), evlilik uyumunun dadoyum (p=0.001<0.05) üzerindeki etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bireylerin kişisel özelliklerinin evlilik uyumlarını, evlilik uyumlarının da evlilik doyumlarını etkilediği bulunmuştur. Çalışmamız hem sağ ve sol 2D:4D parmak uzunlukları oranlarının evlilik ile ilişkisini incelemesi hem de ölçekler arasındaki ilişkinin analizinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi kullanması açısından literatürdeki ilk çalışmadır.
Analisis Power Quality Sistem Kelistrikan Pada Apartemen Malang City Point
Authors: Ahmad Hermawan  , Zahra Mulia Sari  , Sapto Wibowo
Published: March 2023

The use of equipment with a high non-linear load causes a decrease in the quality of power (Power Quality) at Malang CityPoint Apartment. Power quality analysis is an important requirement in the electrical system and needs special attention to save energyand costs. Savings can be achieved by reducing or even eliminating losses resulting from the use of non-linear loads. This thesis aims topresent the results of an analysis of power quality conditions at Malang City Point Apartments. This analysis includes voltage, current,voltage and current imbalance, power factor, current THD and measured voltage. The system is designed using Web - Based PowerQuality Meter (PM 5110) as a measurement tool, then the results are analyzed and compared with existing standards to evaluate powerquality in Malang City Point Apartments. Among the various power quality problems measured, it was found that the main problems ofpower quality in Malang City Point Apartments were the occurrence of overvoltages and current harmonic distortion. So it is necessary todo repairs on this to overcome the overvoltage by reducing the operation of equipment that has a large load and repairing neutralconductors. Furthermore, to reduce the system harmonics, it is designed by designing a single tuned passive filter and simulated using theETAP software version 16.0.0
Pemasangan Lampu Sorot dan Led Strip Dengan Pengoperasian Otomatis di Gapura Klaster SPI Sukun Kota Malang
Authors: Ridzki Imron , Hakim Muhammad Fahmi , Sukamdi  , Mudjiono  , Kurniawan Bakti Indra
Published: March 2023

Installation of spotlights and LED strips with automatic operation at the entrance gate of the SPI Cluster RT.10 RW.04 Bandungrejosari Village, Sukun District Malang City is based on the absence of lighting contained in the writing of the Sukun Pondok Indah Cluster (SPI) so that many guests or couriers who are not aware of the housing. With the installation of spotlights and LED strips, it is hoped that the writing on the gate of the Sukun Pondok Indah cluster will be bright and visible so that guests or couriers can immediately know about the housing. Then people can see when installing spotlights and LED strips with automatic operation, they hope that people can install lighting installations automatically in their respective homes correctly and according to standards. Then people do not need to operate the ON / OFF spotlights and LED strip every day. That way, the benefits of installing spotlights and LED strips with automatic operation, people don't need to ON / OFF the lighting every time.
AUDIT PENERANGAN PADA GEDUNG A, B, DAN C DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Fahmi , Herman Brenda Yuunilel Vinza , Himawan Helmy Mukti
Published: March 2023

Dalam perkembangannya kebutuhan energi listrik menjadi suatu keharusan bagi masyarakat dan rasanya tanpa energilistrik masyarakat tidak dapat melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari termasuk dalam dunia pendidikan. Pada tiap gedung pendidikan pun dituntut untuk handal dan berkualitas, juga mencukupi kebutuhan energinya, selain itu hal yang tak kalah pentingnya adalah bagaimana intensitas konsumsi energi listrik tersebut efisien, terkendali, dan tentunya hemat energi. Audit energi yang dilakukan pada PSDKU Kediri Politeknik Negeri Malang ini difokuskan ke tingkat konsumsi energi dan sistem pencahayaan bangunan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan terdapat beberapa kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu, penggunaan energi listrik di Gedung A lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penggunaan energi listrik pada gedung B dan C. Dikarenakan gedung A berfungsi sebagai pusat perkantoran yang jam kerjanya dan penggunaan ruangannya lebih banyak. Sistem pencahayaan bangunan tergolong kurang, karena terdapat beberapa ruangan yang masih belum memenuhi tingkat lux rata rata standart. Penentuan tingkat lux rata rata dilakukan dengan simulasi DIALux dan contoh ruangan yang digunakan adalah ruang direktur. Penghematan energi adalah dengan melakukan pergantian lampu menggunakan lampu berjenis LED sesuai kapasitas yang di butuhkan. Dengan menggunakan lampu led maka kebutuhan penggunaan energinya semakin rendah tetapi tetap memenuhi pada SNI.
Metode Jaya Sebagai Penentuan Posisi dan Ukuran Besaran Kapasitas Distribution Generation Pada 117 Bus
Authors: Mas Ahmad Baihaqi  , Eva Kurnia Yulyawan
Published: March 2023

Penggunaan Metode JAYA ini merupakan usulan pada penelitian yang di lakukan, sebagai pilihan metode untuk optimasi penentuan dimana nantinya Distributed Generation (DG) di letakkan selain penentuan lokasi juga akan di tentukan besarannya juga, pengaplikasian ini dipakai untuk sistem distribusi 20kV 117 bus dengan saluran sepanjang 59,65 km, bertujuan untuk mengurangi rugi rugi daya juga sebagai penentuan besarnya kapasitas Distributed Generation (DG) yang akan dipasang nantinya. Algoritma ini telah berhasil menentukan besar kapasitas Distributed Generation (DG) dan pada titik dimana posisi paling tepat pada 117 bus di penyulang pujon.
Studi Penambahan OCR dan GFR Gardu Hubung Gondol untuk Mengurangi Gangguan Meluas Penyulang Banyupoh
Authors: Asfari Hariz Santoso  , Masramdhani Saputra  , Rachmat Sutjipto
Published: March 2023

At the Banyupoh Feeder there is a Gondol Hubung Substation, which has 2 outgoings, the first line goes to the Banyuwedang Feeder and the second line goes to Penyabangan. However, because there is no protection on the outgoing side, if there is a disturbance in the first section on one of the outgoing sides, it will cause 1 feeder with a total of 49 transformers to experience a blackout. To overcome this condition, it is necessary to add relays at the substation. After the addition of relays at the substation, the impedance and short-circuit current are recalculated which can be used to determine the timing of the OCR and GFR relays at the new substation for each outgoing. The calculation results are then converted into a curve to determine the coordination of the protection with the existing protection relays on incoming, outgoing and recloser in anticipating disturbances in the first section at the Banyupoh Feeding Substation. After setting the protection relay on the outgoing side of the substation, the outage area due to interference can be minimized. When section 1 of the Banyuwedang Feeder is disturbed, the relay on the outgoing Gondol Substation will work so that the Energy Not Served (ENS) which was previously 40.008 kWh becomes 20.511 kWh. If section 1 of the Feeding Feeder is disturbed, then the relay on the outgoing Substation Hubung Gondol will work so that the ENS which was previously 40.008 kWh becomes 19,497 kWh, so that the amount of energy that is not channeled is reduced by 50% and this makes the service better.
Analisis Aliran Daya Reconductoring Saluran Transmisi Paiton Kraksaan-Probolinggo 150 kV Terhadap Saluran Yang Terimbas
Authors: Rohmanita Duanaputri  , Ahmad Hermawan  , Zulvina Arifah
Published: March 2023

Provision of quality and sufficient electrical energy is something that must be done by PT. PLN (Persero). Based on data from PT. PLN (Persero), carried out work on replacing conductors on the Paiton – Kraksaan – Probolinggo transmission line from the TACSR 330 mm2 conductor with KHA 1190 A to 2xACCC/TW Copenhagen with KHA 2016 A. Reconductoring work is one of the efforts to uprating the transmission line by considering increasing load requirements. This reconductoring is carried out using the open circuit method or a total blackout in a circuit where the conductor is being replaced by taking into account the stages determined by PT. PLN (Persero). So that the power flow in the system must be considered when these conditions take place for the sake of service reliability or system reliability using a power flow simulator application, namely ETAP software. The simulation voltage tolerance with actual conditions is 5%. Next, analyze the power flow on the affected transmission line which is directly connected to the Kraksaan – Paiton – Probolinggo 150 kV transmission line based on voltage drop, transmission line losses and loading from each stage. As well as calculating the power transfer capability after and before reconductoring. The results of the simulation show that the most significant anomaly (deviation that should not be) is that there is a critical point loading of up to 89.220% on the Probolinggo - Gondangwetan channel when reconductoring has been carried out except for the Paiton - Kraksaan1 transmission line. Meanwhile, the value of power transfer capability increased after reconductoring, where the Paiton-Kraksaan1 and Paiton-Kraksaan2 channels increased by 63.91 MW, the Kraksaan - Probolinggo1 channel increased by 67.95 MW, and the Kraksaan - Probolinggo2 channel increased by 63.461 MW from previously
Analisis Pemecahan Beban Penyulang Kalipare 20 kV
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Dali  , Imron Ridzki  , Muhammad Fahmi Hakim  , Hana Nabilla Hapsari  , Latasha Fadiela Nurlakshita
Published: March 2023

The Kalipare feeder is a feeder located at PT PLN (Persero) ULP Sumberpucung where the feeder has a feeder length of 232.9 kms and a load of 161.8 A, with a voltage drop of 17.981 kV, the energy loss that is not channeled in 40.82 minutes is IDR 5,333,734.00. So with that the feeder is carried out there is a splitting of the load into two, namely 86.6 A and 74.4 A, with the end voltage being 19.27 kV, with the energy loss that is not channeled in 40.82 minutes is Rp. 2,454.510.8. This load solving is carried out based on the existing conditions of the Kalipare Feeder in 2019, as well as modeling in the form of simulations using ETAP 12.6 and analyzing the simulation results with the existing load breaking conditions in 2020. Load splitting locations are carried out at 7 points taking into account the value of the investment to be made used to do the job. The locations where the load splitting will be carried out are GI Karangkates, Perempatan Peteng, Tumpakmiri, Kalipare, and Banduarjo with an investment cost of Rp. 21,124,247,696 with the construction of 527 gates. After breaking the load, which resulted in the Kalipare feeder and the Donomulyo feeder, the value of the voltage drop on the Kalipare feeder decreased to 18.25 kV; 8.70%, while the Donomulyo Feeder is 19.241 kV; 3.84%. The solution to the load of the Kalipare feeder will minimize losses due to blackouts and increase customer satisfaction.
Penilaian Kualitas Gas SF6 Pada GISTET 500/150 kV
Authors: Rahman Azis Prasojo  , Devi Soviati Mahmudah  , Imron Ridzki  , Muhammad Fahmi Hakim  , Priya Surya Harijanto
Published: March 2023

The number of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) in operation is increasing in Indonesia. GIS failure requires expensive costs andextensive blackouts. Asset reliability management such as SF6 is needed to ensure GIS performance. Several studies have tested thequality of SF6 gas to assess the feasibility and operation of the GIS. However, a complete GIS feasibility study based on SF6 gas qualityparameters has not found. In this study, a condition assessment of the GISTET Kembangan 500/150 kV was carried out based on applicableinternational standards. There is an interesting phenomenon in the form of dew point anomaly and moisture content in severalcompartments, indicating that the gas is moist. The results of this study indicate the operational feasibility of the GISTET Kembangan500/150 kV , the effect of high humidity on GIS operations, and maintenance recommendations.
Rancang dan Bangun Mesin Filling Sari Kedelai dengan Pneumatik
Authors: Tresna Umar Syamsuri  , Rahma Nur Amalia  , Mudjiono
Published: March 2023

Currently, the industry is required to work quickly, optimally, and produce products in large and accurate quantities. Due tothe high demand, home industries with simple technology are required to produce a lot of goods. One example of a household industrythat has a lot of demand for its products is the soybean juice beverage industry. However, in the process of filling soy juice drinks intobottles, there are several shortcomings, including the process is still manual, spills easily, the amount of liquid is not appropriate or notconstant, takes a long time, and drains a lot of energy. To maximize production results, a machine with a pneumatic system was made,where this system uses compressed air as the working medium and electricity as the control medium. The design of this filling machine iscarried out using several methods such as observation, literature study, and making designs. Soybean filling machine is a tool produced inthis study. The operation of the machine can be semi-automatic and automatic has a high level of accuracy and has an error of about0.045%-0.09%. This filling machine can fill bottles with sizes ranging from 250 ml to 800 ml, besides that this machine is also equippedwith a bottle counter that is already filled with drinks. The application of filling machines in home industries has the potential to increase theproductivity of soybean juice drinks and the income of their owners.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemberian Pakan Ikan Lele Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Hanifiyah Darna Fidya Amaral  , Divac Nabiel Akbar  , Afidah Zuroida
Published: March 2023

Technology allows the process of managing catfish remotely, namely catfish managers do not need to manage feeding. Inaddition, the automated system makes it possible to preserve the quality of catfish as well as savings in feed costs. Today's automatedtools mostly use a microcontroller as a controller. Microcontrollers can be programmed to execute commands as needed and at the sametime become a form of automation system application in catfish management. In this study, the author designed a microcontroller-basedautomatic catfish feeding system. The microcontroller used is the ATMega 28 microcontroller which is connected to the RTC DS3231module. This microcontroller is also equipped with a servo motor that works to move the fish feed valve automatically. The servo motorused is the MG996R servo which has a working voltage of 6V which is sourced from the power supply which is lowered in voltage usingstep down. The RTC DS3231 module is connected with the arduino uno R3 module, which is the control center of the automatic feeddevice. The microcontroller turns on following the fish feeding time, which is 8 am and 3 pm. The servo motor will work to open the valvetwice in one day automatically with an angle or percentage of the feed valve opening by 35% - 45% for approximately 5 - 10 seconds andthe feed that comes out is about 40-70 grams per 10 seconds.
Penerapan Charger Controller type PWM pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Pikohidro
Authors: Wijaya Kusuma  , Anang Dasa Novfowan  , Harrij Mukti K.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to design a PWMtype charger controller, to discover the performance of the PWM type controller, todetermine the compatibility of the PWM type charger controller and MPPT, and to analyze the performance of the PWM type chargercontroller in the PLTPH in JLC. The method of analysis of this study uses field data and is tested on the PWM type charger controller andthe MPPT type charger controller. From the data, the two charger controllers are compared. The results showed that the PWM and MPPTcharger controller performed well to cut off the load current when the battery was full, the PWM and MPPT charger controller performedwell to disconnect the load when the battery began to run out. The PWM and MPPT charger controllers have the same charging speed,and the MPPT charger controller has good efficiency in the PLTPH system.
Audit Energi dan Penilaian Kualitas Daya Pada Penerangan Jalan Umum Politeknik Negeri Malang
Authors: Ahmad Hermawan  , Galih Hardika Sakti  , Ferdian Ronilaya  , Satria Luthfi Hermawan
Published: March 2023

Public Street Lighting (PJU) is an important thing for campus residents especially in night time activities. PJU also function as thebeauty and comfort of college student when doing activities / organization at night and also influencing the results of carried active by collegestudent. PJU also serve to ease visions for campus guard so that it is easier to see or supervise the area around the campus from thieves orindividuals who want to behave crimefully at State Polytechnic of Malang
Deep convolutional neural networks using an active learning strategy for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis
Authors: Li Xueguang , Du Mingyue , Zuo Shanru , Zhou Mingqing , Peng Qiyao , Chen Ziyao , Zhou Junhua , He Quanyuan
Published: March 2023

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Constructing a high-accuracy deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis is important for the successful prevention of cervical cancer. In this work, we proposed a robust DCNN for cervical cancer screening using whole-slide images (WSI) of ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT) slides from 211 cervical cancer and 189 normal patients. We used an active learning strategy to improve the efficiency and accuracy of image labeling. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the best model were 96.21%, 98.95%, and 97.5% for CC patient identification respectively. Our results also demonstrated that the active learning strategy was superior to the traditional supervised learning strategy in cost reduction and improvement of image labeling quality. The related data and source code are freely available at https://github.com/hqyone/cancer_rcnn.
The lens capsule significantly affects the viscoelastic properties of the lens as quantified by optical coherence elastography
Authors: Mekonnen Taye , Zevallos-Delgado Christian , Zhang Hongqiu , Singh Manmohan , Aglyamov Salavat R. , Larin Kirill V.
Published: March 2023

The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure that has its curvature and refractive power modulated to focus light onto the retina. This intrinsic morphological adjustment of the lens to fulfill changing visual demands is achieved by the coordinated interaction between the lens and its suspension system, which includes the lens capsule. Thus, characterizing the influence of the lens capsule on the whole lens’s biomechanical properties is important for understanding the physiological process of accommodation and early diagnosis and treatment of lenticular diseases. In this study, we assessed the viscoelastic properties of the lens using phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (PhS-OCE) coupled with acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation. The elastic wave propagation induced by ARF excitation, which was focused on the surface of the lens, was tracked with phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Experiments were conducted on eight freshly excised porcine lenses before and after the capsular bag was dissected away. Results showed that the group velocity of the surface elastic wave, V, in the lens with the capsule intact (V=2.55±0.23 m/s) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than after the capsule was removed (V=1.19±0.25 m/s). Similarly, the viscoelastic assessment using a model that utilizes the dispersion of a surface wave showed that both Young’s modulus, E, and shear viscosity coefficient, η, of the encapsulated lens (E=8.14±1.10 kPa,η=0.89±0.093 Pa∙s) were significantly higher than that of the decapsulated lens (E=3.10±0.43 kPa,η=0.28±0.021 Pa∙s). These findings, together with the geometrical change upon removal of the capsule, indicate that the capsule plays a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of the crystalline lens.
Influence of the center of pressure on baropodometric gait pattern variations in the adult population with flatfoot: A case-control study
Authors: Padrón Luis , Bayod Javier , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta , López-López Daniel , Casado-Hernández Israel
Published: March 2023

Background: Adult flatfoot is considered an alteration in the foot bone structure characterized by a decrease or collapse of the medial arch during static or dynamic balance in the gait pattern. The aim of our research was to analyze the center of pressure differences between the population with adult flatfoot and the population with normal feet.

Methods: A case-control study involving 62 subjects was carried out on 31 adults with bilateral flatfoot and 31 healthy controls. The gait pattern analysis data were collected employing a complete portable baropodometric platform with piezoresistive sensors.

Results: Gait pattern analysis showed statistically significant differences in the cases group, revealing lower levels in the left foot loading response of the stance phase in foot contact time (p = 0.016) and contact foot percentage (p = 0.019).

Conclusion: The adult population with bilateral flatfoot evidenced higher contact time data in the total stance phase compared to the control group, which seems to be linked to the presence of foot deformity in the adult population.
Democratizing effects of digital ledger technologies: Implications for economic mobility
Authors: Makridis Christos A. , Liao Gordon Y.
Published: March 2023

There is a large body of empirical and theoretical literature on the effects of technological change on individuals, labor markets, and overall economic activity. Theories of skill-biased technical change (SBTC) suggest that technology increases the earnings power of skilled workers, but substitutes for less skilled workers. Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) provide a new context for examining and understanding the impact of technology change on labor, competition, and economic outcomes. This paper explores the theoretical frameworks through which DLTs could enhance economic mobility and provides examples from several areas, including: i) the creation of new jobs and higher value-added jobs, and the modularization of complex tasks; ii) improvements in the way people learn and acquire human capital; iii) increased competition in the marketplace; and iv) more inclusive access to financial services with fewer intermediaries.
Dopamine receptor agonists mechanism of actions on glucose lowering and their connections with prolactin actions
Authors: Chien Hung-Yu , Chen Su-Mei , Li Wan-Chun
Published: March 2023

Robust experiment evidence suggests that prolactin can enhance beta-cell proliferation and increase insulin secretion and sensitivity. Apart from acting as an endocrine hormone, it also function as an adipokine and act on adipocytes to modulate adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Several cross-sectional epidemiologic studies consistently showed that circulating prolactin levels positive correlated with increased insulin sensitivity, lower glucose and lipid levels, and lower prevalence of T2D and metabolic syndrome. Bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist used to treat prolactinoma, is approved by Food and Drug Administration for treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2009. Prolactin lowering suppress insulin secretion and decrease insulin sensitivity, therefore dopamine receptor agonists which act at the pituitary to lower serum prolactin levels are expected to impair glucose tolerance. Making it more complicating, studies exploring the glucose-lowering mechanism of bromocriptine and cabergoline have resulted in contradictory results; while some demonstrated actions independently on prolactin status, others showed glucose lowering partly explained by prolactin level. Previous studies showed that a moderate increase in central intraventricular prolactin levels stimulates hypothalamic dopamine with a decreased serum prolactin level and improved glucose metabolism. Additionally, sharp wave-ripples from the hippocampus modulates peripheral glucose level within 10 minutes, providing evidence for a mechanistic link between hypothalamus and blood glucose control. Central insulin in the mesolimbic system have been shown to suppress dopamine levels thus comprising a feedback control loop. Central dopamine and prolactin levels plays a key role in the glucose homeostasis control, and their dysregulation could lead to the pathognomonic central insulin resistance depicted in the “ominous octet”. This review aims to provide an in-depth discussion on the glucose-lowering mechanism of dopamine receptor agonists and on the diverse prolactin and dopamine actions on metabolism targets.
Learning and memory formation in zebrafish: Protein dynamics and molecular tools
Authors: Reemst Kitty , Shahin Heba , Shahar Or David
Published: March 2023

Research on learning and memory formation at the level of neural networks, as well as at the molecular level, is challenging due to the immense complexity of the brain. The zebrafish as a genetically tractable model organism can overcome many of the current challenges of studying molecular mechanisms of learning and memory formation. Zebrafish have a translucent, smaller and more accessible brain than that of mammals, allowing imaging of the entire brain during behavioral manipulations. Recent years have seen an extensive increase in published brain research describing the use of zebrafish for the study of learning and memory. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the brain comprising many neural cell types that are difficult to isolate, it has been difficult to elucidate neural networks and molecular mechanisms involved in memory formation in an unbiased manner, even in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, data regarding the identity, location, and intensity of nascent proteins during memory formation is still sparse and our understanding of the molecular networks remains limited, indicating a need for new techniques. Here, we review recent progress in establishing learning paradigms for zebrafish and the development of methods to elucidate neural and molecular networks of learning. We describe various types of learning and highlight directions for future studies, focusing on molecular mechanisms of long-term memory formation and promising state-of-the-art techniques such as cell-type-specific metabolic labeling.
Do you like me? Behavioral and physical features for socially and emotionally engaging interactive systems
Authors: Esposito Anna , Amorese Terry , Cuciniello Marialucia , Esposito Antonietta M. , Cordasco Gennaro
Published: March 2023

With the aim to give an overview of the most recent discoveries in the field of socially engaging interactive systems, the present paper discusses features affecting users' acceptance of virtual agents, robots, and chatbots. In addition, questionnaires exploited in several investigations to assess the acceptance of virtual agents, robots, and chatbots (voice only) are discussed and reported in the Supplementary material to make them available to the scientific community. These questionnaires were developed by the authors as a scientific contribution to the H2020 project EMPATHIC (http://www.empathic-project.eu/), Menhir (https://menhir-project.eu/), and the Italian-funded projects SIROBOTICS (https://www.exprivia.it/it-tile-6009-si-robotics/) and ANDROIDS (https://www.psicologia.unicampania.it/android-project) to guide the design and implementation of the promised assistive interactive dialog systems. They aimed to quantitatively evaluate Virtual Agents Acceptance (VAAQ), Robot Acceptance (RAQ), and Synthetic Virtual Agent Voice Acceptance (VAVAQ).
Global statistical assessment of Haiyang-2B scanning microwave radiometer precipitable water vapor
Authors: Wu Zhilu , Lu Cuixian , Liu Yang , Lin Huan , Zheng Yuxin , Wei Qun , Liu Yanxiong
Published: March 2023

Introduction: As a successor to Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), HY-2B is China’s second marine dynamic satellite. Equipped with a scanning microwave radiometer (SMR), it can measure the precipitable water vapor (PWV) over the oceans, providing valuable climate and weather insights. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of HY-2B SMR PWV data from January 2019 to December 2021 using various validation methods.

Methods: to validate HY-2B SMR PWV, fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5) data, radiosonde data, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations are used.

Results: the validation shows that the HY-2B SMR PWV data agree well with the ERA5 PWV data, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.61 mm and a mean value of 0.71 mm. However, RMSEs of approximately 3.5 mm are observed when comparing the HY-2B SMR PWV data to GNSS and radiosonde data, likely due to temporal and spatial gaps. Geographically, there are greater differences between the HY-2B SMR and ERA5 in lower-latitude areas. The reason could be attributed to a higher water vapor content and more frequent cloudy weather in the areas.

Discussion: The results demonstrate that the HY-2B SMR PWV meets requirement (RMSE≤3.5 mm). The HY-2B SMR PWV has a high quality, with a slight observational drift of only 0.1 mm/year, but regular validation and calibration are still necessary.
Reliability analysis of an inter-story isolated structure under a main-aftershock sequence based on the Laplace asymptotic method
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Cheng , Wang Taize , Liu Dewen , Yao Shunzhong , Li Hui , He Jiajun , Huo Yiran , Lei Min
Published: March 2023

After a strong mainshock, subsequent ground motion is the result of a sequence of multiple aftershocks, and the damage to a structure under these conditions is more severe than from a single earthquake. Most seismic studies are based on a single earthquake event. To explore the influence of a main-aftershock sequence on an isolated inter-story structure, we constructed a three-dimensional finite-element model of such a structure and subjected it to repeated main-aftershock sequences. The Laplace asymptotic method of second-order second-moment was used to calculate the reliability of the structure under the action of a single mainshock and after a main-aftershock sequence at different seismic levels. The effects of the number of aftershocks, the location of the isolation layer, and the stiffness of the isolation bearing in the structure were analyzed. The results showed that aftershocks increased the failure probability of each sub-structural part of the inter-story isolated structure. The failure probability of the lower structure had the greatest influence, which was about 3.89 times that for the mainshock alone. The probability of failure from multiple vs single aftershocks was similar, but the magnitude of the aftershock plays a major role in failure. The number of aftershocks reduced the overall reliability of an inter-story isolation structure. In the case of different isolation layer positions, the placement of the isolation layer at the top of the seventh story under an extremely rare earthquake level resulted in a reduction of 6.01%. With isolation bearings of different stiffness, the largest decrease was 7.88% when the stiffness was 50%.
Measurements of elemental iodine in soy sauces in Taiwan using a modified microplate method
Authors: Huang Chun-Jui , Lee Lin-Hsuan , Cheng Cheng-Pin , Yao Shan-Fan , Chen Harn-Shen , Hwu Chii-Min , Tang Kam-Tsun , Wang Fan-Fen , Shih Chiao-Wei , Yang Chen-Chang , Huang Wen-Sheng
Published: March 2023

Background

Soy sauce is widely used in a variety of Asian dishes to enhance flavor. Soybean and most soybean products, including soy sauces, are listed as prohibited foods in a low iodine diet. However, the iodine content in soy sauces is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the iodine content in domestic soy sauces in Taiwan.

Methods

Twenty-five different kinds of soy sauces were diluted with distilled water and with a dilution factor of fifty or above. Iodine concentrations of the diluted samples were measured colourimetrically based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction by a modified microplate method. All the measurements were repeated twelve times on three different days for determination of mean and standard deviation (SD), and coefficients of variance (CV). Serial dilution and recovery tests were also performed for validation. The results were confirmed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method.

Results

Among the twenty-five surveyed soy sauces, most of them (n=22) were iodine-free (<16 ug/L, and thus un-detectable). The iodine concentrations (mean ± SD) of the three iodine-containing soy sauces were 2.7 ± 0.1, 5.1 ± 0.2, and 10.8 ± 0.6 mg/L, respectively. The inter-assay, intra-assay and total CVs were all <5.3% for the modified microplate method. The results obtained by ICP-MS were consistent with those of the modified microplate method. The recovery rates in the serial dilution test and recovery test ranged from 94.7% to 118.6%. Two of the three iodine-containing soy sauces were supplemented with kelp extract, while the other one without kelp extract had the highest amount of salt among the three iodine-containing soy sauces. Therefore, we postulate that iodized salt instead of kelp extract is the source of higher iodine content in that sauce.

Conclusion

The results suggest that most soy sauces are iodine-free and may be allowed during low iodine diets.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and 25-hydroxyvitamin D: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Nana , Liao Yan , Zhao Hongyu , Chen Tong , Jia Fan , Yu Yue , Zhu Shiqin , Wang Chaoying , Zhang Wufan , Liu Xinmin
Published: March 2023

Background

Accumulating observational studies have indicated that vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) < 50 nmol/L) is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the direction and causal nature remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal association between PCOS and 25OHD.

Methods

A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to evaluate the causal association between PCOS and 25OHD. From the publicly available European-lineage genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for PCOS (4,890 cases of PCOS and 20,405 controls) and 25OHD (n = 417,580), we selected 11 and 102 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs), respectively. In univariate MR (uvMR) analysis, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed in the primary MR analysis and multiple sensitivity analyses were implemented. Additionally, a multivariable MR (mvMR) design was carried to adjust for obesity and insulin resistance (IR) as well.

Results

UvMR demonstrated that genetically determined PCOS was negatively associated with 25OHD level (IVW Beta: -0.02, P = 0.008). However, mvMR found the causal effect disappeared when adjusting the influence of obesity and IR. Both uvMR and mvMR analysis didn’t support the causal effect of 25OHD deficiency on risk of PCOS (IVW OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66 ~ 1.12, P = 0.280).

Conclusion

Our findings highlighted that the casual effect of PCOS on 25OHD deficiency might be mediated by obesity and IR, and failed to find substantial causal effect of 25OHD deficiency on risk of PCOS. Further observational studies and clinical trials are necessary.
Erectile dysfunction and exosome therapy
Authors: Feng Huan , Peng Wei , Deng Zhiyao , Liu Jihong , Wang Tao
Published: March 2023

Erectile dysfunction (ED), as a common male disease, can seriously reduce the life quality of men and their partners. With the improvement of human living standards, ED is considered to be an important health issue that plagues men. However, it is difficult for existing therapeutic approaches to meet the needs of all patients, so it is necessary to develop novel treatment strategies. Exosomes, as a class of vesicles secreted by cells with bilayer membrane structure, are involved in various physiological and pathological processes in human body and considered to have great therapeutic potentials. This review summarizes the recent advances on exosome therapy with animal models of ED, and proposes the prospect of future research in order to provide a basis for clinical trials and clinical translation.
Bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses of islet tissue unravel gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Song Yaxian , He Chen , Jiang Yan , Yang Mengshi , Xu Zhao , Yuan Lingyan , Zhang Wenhua , Xu Yushan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder. However, the roles of pyroptosis and infiltrating immune cells in islet dysfunction of patients with T2D have yet to be explored. In this study, we aimed to explore potential crucial genes and pathways associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in T2D.

Methods

To achieve this, we performed a conjoint analysis of three bulk RNA-seq datasets of islets to identify T2D-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After grouping the islet samples according to their ESTIMATE immune scores, we identified immune- and T2D-related DEGs. A clinical prediction model based on pyroptosis-related genes for T2D was constructed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify genes positively correlated with pyroptosis-related pathways. A protein–protein interaction network was established to identify pyroptosis-related hub genes. We constructed miRNA and transcriptional networks based on the pyroptosis-related hub genes and performed functional analyses. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was conducted using the GSE153885 dataset. Dimensionality was reduced using principal component analysis and t-distributed statistical neighbor embedding, and cells were clustered using Seurat. Different cell types were subjected to differential gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Cell–cell communication and pseudotime trajectory analyses were conducted using the samples from patients with T2D.

Results

We identified 17 pyroptosis-related hub genes. We determined the abundance of 13 immune cell types in the merged matrix and found that these cell types were correlated with the 17 pyroptosis-related hub genes. Analysis of the scRNA-seq dataset of 1892 islet samples from patients with T2D and controls revealed 11 clusters. INS and IAPP were determined to be pyroptosis-related and candidate hub genes among the 11 clusters. GSEA of the 11 clusters demonstrated that the myc, G2M checkpoint, and E2F pathways were significantly upregulated in clusters with several differentially enriched pathways.

Discussion

This study elucidates the gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in T2D and provides a critical resource for understanding of islet dysfunction and T2D pathogenesis.
Association between rest-activity rhythm and cognitive function in the elderly: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014
Authors: Sun Xinyi , Yu Weiwei , Wang Mingsi , Hu Jun , Li Yunong
Published: March 2023

Background

Circadian rhythm plays an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes related to cognitive function. The rest-activity rhythm (RAR) is one of the most prominent outputs of the circadian system. However, little is known about the relationships between RAR and different domains of cognitive function in older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between RAR and various fields of cognitive function in older Americans.

Methods

This study included a total of 2090 older adults ≥ 60 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014. RAR parameters were derived from accelerometer recordings. Cognitive function was assessed using the word learning subtest developed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD W-L), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) and the Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Linear regression was used to determine the relationships between RAR parameters (IS, IV, RA, L5, M10) and cognitive function scores (CERAD W-L, AFT, DSST).

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, lower IS and M10 were associated with lower CERAD W-L scores (P=0.033 and P=0.002, respectively). Weaker RA and higher L5 were associated with lower AFT scores (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). And lower IS, RA, and higher L5 were associated with lower DSST scores (P=0.019, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, the results of sensitivity analysis were similar to those of our main analyses. The main correlation results between the RAR indicators and cognitive function were robust.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the weakened and/or disrupted RAR was associated with cognitive decline in different domains in Americans over the age of 60.