bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of pulmonary ground glass opacity
Authors: Ping-Chung Tsai , Hsu Han-Shui
Published: June 2022

The wide application of computed tomography (CT) and lung cancer screening has increased the incidence of ground-glass opacities (GGOs). For those malignant potential of pulmonary lesions, several guidelines are conducted for radiologists or clinicians while encountering newly formed or persisted GGOs on CT scan. Active surveillance scanning instead of upfront surgical resection was mostly suggested as an initial decision of choice for small pulmonary lesions, except developing solid components or new growth. Standard surgical treatment has been lobectomy in the past decades for early-stage lung cancer, the feasibility of limited pulmonary resection based on radiologic features had investigated also recently. Several pivotal trials have been conducted using consolidation-to-tumor ratio, advocating the hypothesized advantages of preserving pulmonary function with equivalent oncologic outcome to lobectomy. After initial surgery for a main tumor, observation alone without further therapy is suggested for those residual GGOs which are not resected. Even though there might be no inferiority in postoperative survival outcomes, the evaluation made by experienced multidisciplinary team during follow-up is necessary. This paper is a review of the recent managements and guidelines for GGOs.
Preoperative percutaneous localization of multiple ipsilateral pulmonary nodules
Authors: Chi Chun-Ling , Gao Xing , Tai Cheng-Chen , Chao Yin-Kai
Published: June 2022

With the increased radiological investigations applied to lung cancer screening, a growing number of small pulmonary nodules that should undergo biopsy or surgical removal are being identified. Accurate lesion localization is a key prerequisite for successful excision. Unfortunately, repeated pleural punctures in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules (MPNs) may significantly increase the risk of pneumothorax. To illustrate the role and limitations of current techniques for simultaneous localization of MPNs, we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Chinese Electronic Periodical Services for published articles from January 2000 to February 2022. A total of eight references were selected for this systematic review. Compared with techniques for localizing single pulmonary nodules (SPNs), localization of MPNs required a longer procedural time (14−56 min) and demonstrated lower success rates (83.5%−100%). The rates of pneumothorax were markedly higher in patients with MPNs (up to 57.9%) than in those with SPNs (12.7%−32.5%). Various localization methods have been proposed to deal with MPNs, including hook wire, microcoils, and dye localization. Failures most commonly occurred after localization of the first nodule, and the main causes (i.e., hook wire dislodgement, dye diffusion, patient repositioning, or pneumothorax) differed according to the localization technique. Novel approaches – including simultaneous multiple needle insertion and the use of hybrid operating room – hold promise for reducing complications rates and procedural times. Collectively, preoperative percutaneous localization of ipsilateral MPNs is safe and feasible, but future technological innovations are needed in order to enhance localization safety and accuracy.
Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Sengupta Gunja , Jena Shivananda
Published: June 2022

Background:

Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with an earlier onset, rapid cycling, worsening severity and outcome, and increased suicidality. Patients with BD have been reported to have poor quality of life (QOL) even during remission.

Aims and Objectives:

Estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and assess the QOL in patients with BD, and find the associated sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was done in a general hospital psychiatric unit on 100 patients (both inpatients and outpatients) with DSM-IV-TR BD in partial or complete remission. Patients were assessed using a semi-structured pro forma, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 - Hindi version, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression or Young Mania Rating Scale and World Health Organization QOL instrument, short-form (WHOQOL-BREF), Hindi Version.

Results:

Sixty-one percent of the sample had at least one psychiatric comorbidity, and the commonest comorbid disorders were substance use disorders (SUD) (30%) and anxiety disorders (AD) (28%). Male gender was identified as a predictor for comorbidity in BD. The mean QOL-BREF score was 85.96 ± 14.35. Poor QOL was associated with older age at onset of comorbidity, multiple comorbidities, mixed episodes, rapid cycling, partial remission, and increased severity of depression while patients with current hypomanic symptoms were found to have better QOL. BD with comorbidity had worse QOL than those without comorbidity.

Conclusion:

The majority of patients with BD had at least one comorbidity. SUD were the most common comorbid disorders. QOL, already poor in BD patients, was poorer in cases with comorbidity.
Biological restoration – Nature's own alternative for primary care
Authors: Patil Krishna , Paranna Sujatha , Kaur Buneet , Patil Smita , Shinde Siddharth
Published: June 2022

In humans, especially in childhood, the more prevalent disease is dental caries. Dental caries can extensively destroy the tooth structure. Extensive loss of the tooth structure and premature loss of the primary tooth can lead to loss of vertical dimension, developing habits such as tongue thrusting and mouth breathing that may lead to malocclusion in future. The treatment of mutilated primary teeth should adequately reestablish the anatomy of the tooth, which helps to maintain the mastication, phonation, esthetics, and acts as a natural space maintainer. It is always challenging for the pediatric dentist to satisfactorily restore these teeth to maintain space, esthetics, and function. In recent years, both children and their parents have given priority to esthetics over primary dental care. This demands the innovation and the development of newer treatment options that should be biological and conservative. Hence, natural teeth are increasingly being used as a restorative material to treat damaged teeth with this desire for innovation. As a result, here we report a case of a severely mutilated primary tooth of a 2½-year-old child treated with the technique of biological restoration. This biological restoration procedure involves bonding a sterile dental structure to a tooth that needs treatment.
Apthous ulcers
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kashyap Divya
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Recurrent aphthous ulcer, also known as aphthous stomatitis or canker sores, is the most common idiopathic in nature inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, causing a great deal of pain and discomfort to the patient. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of aphthous ulcers and their distribution according to gender and site in different age groups.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted over a period of 7 months on patients reporting to the Dental Outpatient Department of GMC, Badaun, who came for a routine dental checkup. A pro forma was created, which contained complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients, namely recorded data for age, gender, and site affected were analyzed using the SPSS program.

Results:

Out of 7400 patients, 291 were diagnosed with recurrent aphthous ulcers, making its overall prevalence to be 3.93%. Cases were found to be higher in females (50.86%) than in males (49.14%). Maximum cases were reported in the second decade of life (36.77%). The tongue was found to be the most common site affected.

Conclusion:

The present study has provided relevant information regarding the prevalence and distribution of recurrent aphthous ulcers that will contribute to the better understanding and consequent management of the disease.
Энтропия унитарного оператора на $L^2(\mathbb T^n)$
Authors: Afonin Kirill Aleksandrovich , Treschev Dmitry Valerevich
Published: June 2022

В работе изучается понятие $\mu$-нормы оператора, введенное Д. В. Трещeвым. Мы концентрируемся на случае операторов на пространстве $L^2(\mathbb{T}^n)$, где $\mathbb{T}^n$ - $n$-мерный тор (случай $n=1$ рассмотрен ранее Трещeвым). Основной мотивировкой для нас является использование $\mu$-нормы в качестве ключевого ингредиента для построения квантового аналога метрической энтропии - энтропии унитарного оператора на $L^2(\mathcal X,\mu)$, где $(\mathcal X,\mu)$ - вероятностное пространство. Приведены свойства $\mu$-нормы и способы ее вычисления для различных классов операторов на $L^2(\mathbb{T}^n)$. Конструкция энтропии, предложенная Трещeвым, подправлена так, чтобы выполнялись свойства субаддитивности и монотонности относительно разбиений пространства $\mathcal X$. Даны примеры вычисления энтропии для некоторых классов операторов на $L^2(\mathbb{T}^n)$.
Библиография: 29 названий.
The detection and determination of new LSD derivatives in biological material using the LC-MS/MS technique
Authors: Adamowicz Piotr , Mulka Piotr Adamowicz, Karolina
Published: June 2022

Psychedelics derived from lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) represent one of the groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that have been gaining popularity in recent years. Due to their very high potency, they are taken in small doses and their identification in biological material is problematic. The compounds from this group, which appear in low concentrations in biological material and metabolise rapidly, require sensitive and selective analytical methods if they are to be detected. A method for the detection and determination of LSD and its new derivatives (ALD-52, 1P-LSD, 1cP-LSD, and 1B-LSD) in whole blood using the LC-MS/MS technique was therefore developed and validated. The analytes were isolated from the blood (0.2 mL) by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and acetate buffer (pH 5.5). The method developed was linear in the range of 0.5−10 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 ng/mL for each analyte and the lowest point on the calibration curve was taken as the limit of quantification (LOQ). The method developed is sensitive and samples can be prepared for analysis quickly and easily. The procedure can be applied widely in the analysis of LSD derivatives in biological material –for forensic or clinical purposes, for example –and can easily be expanded for use with further LSD derivatives.
Zagadkowe początki Rychwała
Authors: Jurek Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Artykuł dotyczy początków miasta Rychwał (położonego na południe od Konina). Dotychczas jego założenie datowano na przełom XIV i XV w. Ponowna analiza źródeł, w tym przekazów dotąd nieznanych lub nieuwzględnianych, pozwala datować lokację miasta na lata ok. 1350-1360. Założycielem był Wawrzyniec z Królikowa (herbu Zaremba), kasztelan poznański (zm. 1379), którego potomkowie posiadali potem te dobra przez kilkaset lat. Racją ekonomiczną powstania miasta było położenie w dogodnym punkcie na ważnym trakcie tranzytowym z Wrocławia do Torunia, dokładnie w połowie drogi między Stawiszynem a Koninem. Miasto określano początkowo jako Nowe Miasto, dopiero z czasem przyjęła się nazwa Rychwałd lub Rychwał, będąca spolszczeniem niemieckiego toponimu Reichwalde. Prawdopodobne nazwę taką nosiła istniejąca wcześniej wieś, na gruntach której założono miasto. Wieś ta powstała przypuszczalnie na przełomie XIII i XIV w. w wyniku karczunku okolicznych lasów przez niemieckich osadników (czemu odpowiada wspomniana nazwa). Śladem tej wsi jest istniejąca potem przez wieki podmiejska osada Stara Wieś oraz kaplica „za miastem”, wspominana jeszcze w 1608 r. W aneksie opublikowany został dokument dotyczący wójtostwa miasta Misktat z 1366 r. Stanowić on może analogię dla nieznanego nam dokumentu w sprawie lokacji Rychwała.

Enigmatic Origins of the Rychwał

The article concerns the beginnings of the town of Rychwał (located south of Konin). Until now its foundation dates back to the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. A re-analysis of sources, including those hitherto unknown or not taken into account, allows dating the town’s foundation at around 1350-1360. The founder was Wawrzyniec from Królikowo (coat of arms Zaremba), the castellan of Poznan (d. 1379), whose descendants owned this property for several hundred years. The economic rationale for the town’s establishment was its location at a convenient point on the important transit route from Wrocław to Toruń, exactly halfway between Stawiszyn and Konin. Initially the town was referred to as Nowe Miasto (New Town), but in time the name Rychwałd or Rychwał was adopted, which was a polonization of the German toponym Reichwalde. Such a name was probably given to an earlier existing village, on the grounds of which the town was founded. The village was probably founded at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries as a result of the clearing of the surrounding forests by German settlers (which corresponds to the mentioned name). A trace of this village is the suburban settlement of Stara Wieś, which existed for centuries, and a chapel „outside the city”, mentioned as early as 1608. It may serve as an analogy for an unknown document regarding the location of Rychwał.
Sport w obozowej codzienności internowanych żołnierzy Armii Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej (Strzałkowo – Kalisz – Szczypiorno) 1921-1922
Authors: Sribniak Ihor , Palienko Marina
Published: June 2022

Przebywający w obozach internowania w Strzałkowie czy Szczypiornie żołnierze Armii Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej starali się w jakiś sposób gospodarować swoim czasem. Jednym ze sposobów wypełniania poszczególnych dni była aktywność sportowa, i to różnorodna – szachy, piłka nożna, siatkówka. Prowadzone rozgrywki nie miały tylko charakteru wewnątrzobozowego, ale zdarzały się zmagania sportowe z okolicznymi, polskimi drużynami, jak chociażby ze Słupcy. Artykuł oparty jest przede wszystkim o źródła archiwalne, a także prasę, która ukazywała się w obozach internowania w Szczypiornie i Strzałkowie.

Sport in the Everyday Life of the Interned Soldiers of the Ukrain Republic (Kalisz –Szczypiorno) 1921-1922

Soldiers of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, who were in internment camps in Strzałków or Szczypiorno, tried to manage their time in some way. One of the ways to fill the individual days was sporting activity, and that varied – chess, football, volleyball. The competitions were not only in the camp, but there were also sports matches with the surrounding Polish teams, e. g. from Słupca. The article is based mainly on archival sources and on the press published in the detention camps Szczypiorno and Strzałków.
Zabiegi o połączenie wodne Warty z Gopłem (do 1937 r.)
Authors: Zyglewski Zbigniew
Published: June 2022

Na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku władze pruskie połączyły kanałem wodnym Wartę koło Konina z Jeziorem Pątnowskim, a także planowały kolejny kanał łączący jeziora Ślesińskie i Gopło. Z powodów wojen i poprowadzenia granicy między Niemcami i Rosją w rejonie Gopła do realizacji tego projektu nie doszło. Istniejący przez cały XIX wiek Kanał Mikorzyński pełnił funkcję rowu odwadniającego, a w mniejszym stopniu kanału do spławu drewna czy żeglugi. Powstanie państwa polskiego w 1918 roku dało impuls do projektowania kanału śródlądowego Śląsk-Wisła, biegnącego przez centralne ziemie państwa, ale niewykorzystującego połączenia między Wartą i Gopłem. Odcinek ten mający charakter lokalny (do 200 ton) projektowały władze Wielkopolski z Poznaniem i Bydgoszczą. Ostatecznie kanał warciańsko-goplański rząd włączył w skład projektowanego kanału węglowego określając jego wielkość transportową na 600 ton. Brak funduszy powodował stałe przekładanie terminu rozpoczęcia budowy kanału Wart-Gopło, pomimo ponawiania przez rząd co kila lat zapowiedzi rozpoczęciu robót. Za budową szlaku wodnego opowiadały się powiaty leżące przy kanale a także te dalej położone, władze miast dużych i małych, organizacje oraz stowarzyszenia techniczne a także gospodarcze Polski zachodniej. Wstępny plan kanału przygotowany w latach 1923-1927 został w latach 1936-1937 uszczegółowiony i przyjęty do realizacji. Prace ziemne ruszyły w maju 1938 roku.

Treatment of Water Binks of Warta with Goplo (until 1937)

At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Prussian authorities connected the Warta water channel near Konin with Lake Pątnowski and planned another canal linking Lakes Ślesińskie and Gopło. Due to the wars and the demarcation of borders between Germany and Russia in the Goplo region, this project could not be realized. The Mikorzyn Canal, which existed throughout the 19th century, was used as a drainage ditch and, to a lesser extent, as a channel for the drainage of wood or navigation. The founding of the Polish state in 1918 led to the planning of the Silesian-Vistula inland canal, which runs through the central areas of the state but does not use the connection between Warta and Goplo. This section with a local character (up to 200 tonnes) was planned by the authorities of Wielkopolska with Poznań and Bydgoszcza. Finally, the government in Warciańsko-Goplansk included the planned coal channel and defined its transport volume at 600 tonnes. The lack of funding led to a constant postponement of the start of construction of the Warta-Gopło Canal, despite the government’s announcement that it would begin work every few years. For the construction of the waterway the counties located on the canal and the more distant counties, the authorities of the large and small towns, the organizations and technical and economic associations of western Poland have spoken out. The preliminary canal plan drawn up in the years 1923-1927 was refined from 1936 to 1937 and accepted for realisation. Earthworks began in May 1938.
Wacław Jedyński (1885-1939) – nauczyciel, społecznik, samorządowiec
Authors: Gołdyn Piotr
Published: June 2022

W dziejach każdej miejscowości są osoby, które w jakiś sposób się wyróżniały, czy to przez pracę czy działalność społeczną. W przypadku Rychwała z pewnością taką postacią był Wacław Jedyński. Był on nauczycielem i kierownikiem szkoły. Aktywny był także w szeregach straży pożarnej. Udzielał się politycznie i działał w samorządzie na poziomie miejskim i powiatowym. Nie był postacią nieskazitelną. Wchodził w konflikty z innymi mieszkańcami miasteczka. Kończyło się to upomnieniem ze strony władz oświatowych, a czasami nawet sprawami sądowymi. Można powiedzieć, że był postacią barwną i przypomnienie jego biografii jest ze wszech miar wskazane.

Wacław Jedyński (1885-1939) –Teacher, Social Worker, Councilman

In the history of every place there are people who have distinguished themselves in some way. For example through work or social activities. In the case of Rychwal there is also such man. Wacław Jedyński was certainly one such figure. He was a teacher and headmaster. He was also active in the ranks of the fire brigade. He was politically active and was active in the municipal administration at city and counrty level. He was not a flawless figure. He had conflicts with other residents of the city. Those often ended with a warning from the education authorities and sometimes even legal proceedings. One can say that he was a colorful figure, and a memory of his biography is very advisable.
(Re)invenções de tradições: apropriações políticas e econômicas nas cavalgadas, vaquejadas, pegas de boi e cavalhadas de Sergipe
Authors: Santos Daniele Luciano , Vargas Maria Augusta Mundim
Published: June 2022

O artigo aborda a (re)invenção de tradições tomando as formas de apropriação como centralidade analítica e a memória como condutora para a compreensão das inovações ocorridas em expressões da cultura. Tem por objetivo compreender a ressignificação e a (re)invenção de tradições no processo de apropriação de manifestações culturais em Sergipe que se fazem com animais de montaria, a saber: cavalgada, vaquejada, pega de boi e cavalhada. Para isso, está ancorado em autores que tratam de território, cultura, memória, tradição e economia da cultura na expectativa de contribuir para a compreensão das motivações e relações engendradas na (re)invenção dessas manifestações culturais no estado de Sergipe.
FREQUÊNCIA DE HIPOMINERALIZAÇÃO MOLAR-INCISIVO EM CRIANÇAS E CONHECIMENTO DOS RESPONSÁVEIS QUANTO À ERUPÇÃO DO PRIMEIRO MOLAR PERMANENTE
Authors: Marcelly Teixeira Gomes Laura , Cavalcanti Oliveira Filho Antônio , Duarte Santos Veloso Alice , Fernanda Souza Ramos Maria , José Lages de Oliveira Maria , Oliveira Dias Verônica
Published: June 2022

Objetivos: avaliar a frequência da Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo (HMI) em crianças atendidas em uma clínica escola de Odontologia e o conhecimento dos responsáveis em relação à erupção dos primeiros molares permanentes das suas crianças. Método: estudo transversal descritivo. Amostra de 22 crianças e respectivos responsáveis. Os dados foram coletados através de exame bucal das crianças e utilizado um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento dos responsáveis quanto à presença dos primeiros molares permanentes das suas crianças. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: a frequência de HMI foi de 40,9% entre as crianças, destas, 55,6% apresentaram em dois a três primeiros molares permanentes e 44,4% em todos primeiros molares. Avaliando o conhecimento dos responsáveis sobre a erupção dos primeiros molares permanentes das suas crianças, 54,5% afirmaram que, para que haja a erupção de um dente permanente, sempre ocorre a esfoliação do dente decíduo, 77,3% consideram que o primeiro dente permanente irrompe na região anterior da boca, 36,4% não lembram qual o primeiro dente permanente que erupciona. Conclusões: a alta frequência de HMI observada nas crianças e o pouco conhecimento dos responsáveis requer maior envolvimento dos docentes e acadêmicos durante os atendimentos clínico-infantis, identificando a HMI em estágios iniciais e desenvolvendo programas educativos.
Optimization of Some Physical and Functional Properties of Extruded Soybean Crud Residue-Base Floating Fish Feed
Authors: OLAOYE Saheed Abiola , OWOSENİ Olanrewaju , OLALUSİ Ayoola
Published: June 2022

The effect of some extrusion factors on soybean crud residue-based floating fish feed was investigated. Extrusion was conducted at 20%, 25%, and 30% moisture content level, die size of 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm, and screw speed of 150 rpm, 200 rpm, and 250 rpm. Pearson square method of fish feed formulation was used to attain a 35% protein content of catfish feed protein requirement. Optimized value of extrusion factors moisture content, die size, and screw speed were 30%, 6 mm, and 150 rpm respectively and the optimized result of responses, expansion rate (ER) floatation rate (FR) sinking velocity (SV) specific mechanical energy (SME) swelling capacity (SC) water absorption index (WAI) water solubility index (WSI) hydration capacity (HC) and hydration index (HI) are 32.73%, 95.87%, 0.024 m s-1, 16.97 kJ kg-1, 1.73, 1.61, 2.76, 0.51, and 0.67 respectively. Feed moisture content and die size have the most significant effect on the physical and functional properties of the extrudate. Coefficient of determination R2 ranges from 0.65 to 0.96, lack of fit not-significant, desirability in optimization of 0.806, suggesting adequacy of research. Soybean crud residue base floating fish feed has been formed and evaluated with an outcome of high efficacy. This extruded producing model can be used for both domestic and industrial scales of catfish feed production.
1996-2020 DÖNEMİ İÇİN GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DÖVİZ KURU VE DIŞ TİCARET İLİŞKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: ZEYBEK Özlem , KESBİÇ Cüneyt Yenal
Published: June 2022

Gelişmekte olan birçok ülke; makroekonomik istikrarı, kalkınma ve büyümeyi sağlayabilmek için dış ticaret açıklarını finanse etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Sermaye giriş ve çıkışlarına bağlı olarak döviz kurlarında meydana gelen dalgalanmalar, dış ticareti önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkelerde döviz kuru ve ekonomik büyümenin dış ticaret üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı ve varsa bu ilişkinin hangi yönde olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu açıdan, kişi başına düşen gelir ve dışa açıklık gibi ekonomik bakımdan birbirine benzer 17 gelişmekte olan ülke (Türkiye, Brezilya, Arjantin, Macaristan, Endonezya, Meksika, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Çin, Hindistan, Şili, Mısır, Polonya, Rusya, Güney Afrika, Pakistan ve Tayland, Filipinler) seçilmiştir. Söz konusu ülkelerin 1996-2020 yıllarını kapsayan verileri ele alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, dış ticareti, ihracat ve ithalat serisi; büyümeyi ise, GDP serisi temsil etmektedir. Çalışmada, reel efektif döviz kuru, ekonomik büyüme ve dış ticaret arasındaki ilişki panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
K významu římsko-provinciálních zásobnic s okružím (Krausengefäße) z 2. století v Jevíčku v kontextu naddunajského barbarika
Authors: Droberjar Eduard
Published: June 2022

The paper examines the identification, distribution, chronology and interpretation of Roman-Provincial rimmed storage vessels, which were among the Roman imports to the area north of the Danube in the 2nd century and the first half of the 3rd century. The spread of Roman coarse ware storage vessels occurred in the second half of the 2nd century. These are mainly found in Elbe-Germanic settlements (usually in sunken huts) in southern Moravia and south-western Slovakia. Some were quite voluminous (e.g. the storage vessels from Jevíčko and Křepice were up to 50 litres) and probably contained
a variety of plant or animal foodstuff (e.g. seafood, exotic fruits, and various fermented or chilled foodstuffs).
Hepatocellular and dermatological outcomes of chlormezanone
Authors: Muhammad Zohaib
Published: June 2022

Madam,
Depression is a significantly prevalent mental disorder in our society and is often overlooked, but, medical intervention becomes a necessity in many severe cases. Chlormezanone, a non-benzodiazepine is used to treat depression-related disorders and muscle spasms. However, Chlormezanone is not free of limitations and imperfection; the drug was introduced in 1958 and its use was discontinued in many countries from 1996 on, due to rare but serious cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis1. Chlormezanone has been discontinued in many countries, including the United States, the European Union, South Africa, and Japan. Even then, authorities deemed this drug more beneficial than harmful, and this drug was marketed.
However, adding a brief history of events from the introduction to when the toxic effects were first reported and then the discontinuation may be helpful. A study published in 2022 showed how chlormezanone could induce hepatocellular and dermatological toxicity5.
Many other reports are showing similar outcomes and a number of  case studies have been published in reputable journals regarding the adverse effects of this drug. Studies published by Dubey et al. and Mehboob et al. reported severe dermatoxic drug reactions2,3.
These vexatious results support the statement that chlormezanone is not a safe drug to be marketed.
The drug has been withdrawn in the US and European Union for about 24 years now but, still being prescribed in many countries including Pakistan during regular practice. Physicians should refrain from prescribing the use of chlormezanone in patients at risk of liver diseases as liver diseases are highly prevalent in Pakistan. A study published in BMJ discussed the lack of trials and inspections in Pakistan to treat anxiety disorders that involve the use of poor drugs and treatment modalities4.  Furthermore, people in Pakistan have easy access to all medications and can buy drugs even without a prescription. People in Pakistan are significantly medically unaware and usually take medicines without doctor’s advice on having similar symptoms as before. If patients under the treatment of Chlormezanone experience yellowing of eyes or jaundice-like symptoms and, rashes over the skin, they should seek immediate medical attention. The concerned authorities should also investigate the matter of such drugs and work on implementing drugs with the better risk-benefit ratio in the market.
Kur’ân’da Güçsüzlüğü İfâde Eden Fakîr, Miskîn, Yetim, Köle ve Müstazʻaf Kavramlarına Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: İŞLİYEN Burhan
Published: June 2022

Kur’ân-Kerîm, Arap Yarımadası’nda cahiliye geleneklerinin hâkim olduğu Cahiliye döneminde nazil olmaya başlamıştır. Zayıf ile güçsüz insanların ezildiği, dışlandığı, sömürüldüğü, küçük düşürüldüğü ve çeşitli eziyetlere maruz kaldığı bu dönemde haklı olmak yeterli değildi. Hakkını alabilecek güç ve kuvvete sahip olmak da gerekliydi. Güçlünün genellikle haklı sayıldığı böyle bir dönemde Kur’ân, Allah’ın yarattığı her bireyi değerli bir varlık olarak görmektedir. Nitekim Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de bireyler arasında kardeşlik hislerini pekiştiren, sosyal dokuyu sağlamlaştıran ve toplumdaki güveni artıran birçok temel ilke bulunmaktadır. Bu temel ilkelerinden biri kişinin nesebine, ırkına, cinsiyetine ve statüsüne bakmadan her güçsüzün hakkını savunmaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda öncelikle fâkir kelimesinin Kur’ân semantiğindeki anlam alanının tahliline, Hz. Peygamber’in fakîrlik ile zenginliğe karşı tutumuna kısaca temas edilmiştir. Ardından fâkir ile miskîn kavramlarının anlam farkı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Yetimlerin korunup gözetilmesi ve erdemli bir hayat yaşamaları için gerekli temel ilkeleri ile ezilen köle ve müstazʻafların durumu da ele alınmıştır.
Pengaruh Jumlah Omset dan Sanksi terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Hotel, Restoran, dan Hiburan di Kota Medan
Authors: Fajaria Annisa , Nawawi Zuhrinal M.
Published: June 2022

Medan as one of the largest metropolitan cities in Indonesia, of course, should pay more attention to public compliance with payments and taxes, especially in this case the hotel, restaurant and entertainment tax in Medan. This study aims to determine how turnover and fines affect compliance with tax regulations, hotels and entertainment in the city of Medan. This research was conducted by using a literature search research method and using secondary data. The results showed that the imposition of fines together with the imposition of fines had a significant effect on compliance with hotel, restaurant, and entertainment taxpayer regulations in Medan. While the amount of revenue received does not affect taxpayer compliance with hotels, restaurants, and entertainment in the city of Medan.

 Keywords: Hotel Tax, Restaurant Tax, Entertainment Tax, Taxpayer Compliance
Efektivitas Penerapan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP)-Online Di Lingkungan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Faraz Azis Ilmi Sitorus Isnaini , Akmal Tarigan Azhari
Published: June 2022

The focus of this research is to look at the effectiveness of the implementation of Online Employee Performance Targets (SKP) in the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of North Sumatra Province, the inhibiting factors and the efforts made in implementing SKP-Online to improve the performance of the state civil apparatus optimally in Environment of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of North Sumatra Province. The research uses the theory by Gibson, Donnelly, and Ivancevich regarding organizational effectiveness, then is limited to the application of SKP-Online and employee behavior. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. In collecting data, researchers conducted observations, interviews and collected documents related to the application of SKP-Online within the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of North Sumatra Province. The results showed that the implementation of SKP-Online in the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of North Sumatra Province had not run well and optimally, as seen from the implementation process and supervision in the implementation of employee performance targets (SKP)-Online. Then the work environment is less productive and the apparatus resources are still incompetent and the employees' sense of responsibility towards their duties and functions as state civil servants. Efforts were made to improve employee performance in the application of SKP-Online, among others: 1. Creating an innovation by forming a group of employees of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of North Sumatra Province an application on the telephone. 2. Re-socialization to all employees in the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of North Sumatra Province, by making a tutorial on the operation of SKP-Online by the editing section. 3. Motivating employees to want to learn how to use and operate technology facilities. Overall, the efforts made have actually been quite good. It's just that over time these efforts have not fully succeeded in improving employee performance in implementing SKP-Online. because these efforts still have not shown a significant impact in building a sense of responsibility of employees towards their duties and increasing work discipline. Therefore, there is still a need for other efforts that are more decisive and have a significant impact to achieve the objectives of implementing SKP-Online, so that the provision of TPP is more efficient and able to optimally improve the quality of employee work and create a competent and quality work environment.

Keywords: Effectiveness, SKP-Online and Employee Performance
Evaluation of the impact of mobile communication devices on cognitive functions in students
Authors: Novikova Irina I. , Zubtsovskaya Nina A. , Lobkis Mariya A. , Kondrashchenko Artur I.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The widespread use of mobile phones/smartphones and other multimedia devices in children makes the scientific community look for answers to questions about the impact of these devices on health. Currently, there are scientific studies both confirming the fact of harmful effects of mobile devices on cognitive functions in children, and refuting it. Material and methods. In the experimental part of the research the follow-up group consisted of schoolchildren who did not use mobile phones while at school (n = 100), and the control group consisted of children who did not have restrictions on the use of mobile phones (n = 101). The research was conducted by evaluating the dynamics of work capacity, attention span during the day (Schulte test), and by means of a social survey (n = 392). Results. The proportion of students with high and good independent work performance at the end of the school day was significantly higher among students in the school with complete restrictions on mobile communication devices. The survey found students in the unrestricted school to be more active while gadget users to be more likely to report signs of phone and problems with falling asleep. However, the differences are not significant (p > 0.05). Limitations. The study of the assessment of the influence of mobile phones on the cognitive functions of schoolchildren aged 11-16 years was carried out on a representative sample of 201 people, which was divided into an observation group and a control group. Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the negative impact of a distraction (mobile phones) on mental performance.
Study of the remote effect of a new technical product — benzoyl urea derivative class
Authors: Rakitskii Valery N. , Chkhvirkiya Elena G. , Epishina Tatiana M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The study of the remote effects (embryotoxicity, teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity) of new technical products on the mammalian body is the scientific basis for the safe use of pesticides. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of a new technical product of the benzoyl urea class on the development of remote effects in warm-blooded animals (rats). Material and methods. The evaluation of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects was carried out on laboratory animals (rats, males and females). Doses were studied: 0, 1/5000, 1/2500 and 1/1250 LD50. Each group of females consisted of 15 animals with a body weight of 230-240 g at the beginning of the study. The technical product was administered orally to female rats daily during 6-20 days of pregnancy. Fertilization of females with intact males was carried out in a ratio of 2 : 1. Reproductive toxicity was studied on two generations of rats (males; 10 individuals per group and females; 20 individuals per group) at doses of 0, 1/5000, 1/2500 and 1/624 LD50. Results. Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects were not detected, significant changes in reproductive toxicity were established at the maximum dose (for parents and offspring). Limitations. In study, there are no data on the study of organ tissues, nor have the processes of cell damage as a result of exposure to a new technical product derived from the benzoyl urea class been studied. Conclusion. The conducted studies have confirmed that the studied product of the benzoyl urea class belongs to low-risk compounds in terms of embryotoxicity and teratogenicity; moderately dangerous in terms of its effect on the reproductive function of warm-blooded (rats).
Healthcare in Dagestan during the Civil war
Authors: Manyshev Sergey B.
Published: June 2022

Based on a wide range of both published and newly introduced documents, the article examines the development of the health care system in Dagestan during the 1917 Revolution and the Civil War. The health care system in Dagestan, not very developed at the beginning of the 20th century, underwent a number of serious changes during the years of radical breakdown in Russian history with a negative impact on the state of public health in the region. The author considers the specifics of the changes in mangement of health care after the February revolution. The measures proposed by the Provisional Government proved inapplicable to Dagestan. Therefore, a special provision was developed, according to which the medical and sanitary case was assigned to a special city commission. During the period under review, there was an acute shortage of qualified medical personnel in Dagestan. In order to fill this deficit, a paramedic school was established in the city of Temir-Khan-Shura at the infirmary. Despite the fact that special manuals were issued to prevent infectious diseases, and also special sanitary commissions, it was not possible to avoid the high mortality rate from typhoid and typhus. This was due to the low effectiveness of antiepidemic measures. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the difficult political situation, all political players in the region without exception turned to transformations in the field of management, of medical care.
Tip 2 diyabet hastalarında dolaşımdaki B-tipi natriüretik peptidin osteoporoz ile ilişkisi
Authors: DOĞAN Murat
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında dolaşımdaki B-tipi natriüretik peptid (BNP)’in osteoporoz ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: T2DM’li 95 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hasta dosya sistemlerinde dolaşımdaki BNP seviyeleri olan ve 15 gün içerisinde kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) bakılmış hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar KMY skorlarına göre normal, osteopeni ve osteoporoz olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Dolaşımdaki BNP ile diyabetik osteoporoz ve diğer parametreler arasındaki ilişki incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 75’i kadın, 20’si erkek olmak üzere toplam 95 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 66,09±5,96 idi. Gruplar arasında cinsiyet, yaş ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) benzer bulundu. DM süresi osteoporoz grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p
An adolescent case with unexplained ecchymosis: Munchausen syndrome
Authors: TURSUN Serkan , ÇELİK Cansu , ALPCAN Ayşegül , ALBAYRAK Meryem
Published: June 2022

Munchausen syndrome (MS) is a condition in which a patient deliberately mimics signs and symptoms of health problems to gain attention from their close circle and healthcare professionals. Symptoms can be self-induced or fabricated. The paper aimed to discuss MS detected in an adolescent girl who presented with hematological findings and shift the interest to factitious disorders that may be confronted in pediatric practice. A thirteen-year-old girl was admitted to the pediatric hematology outpatient clinic with bruises spread throughout the body, predominantly localized on the arms, persisting for three months and disappearing every two weeks. She had complaints of fatigue and loss of appetite, emerging simultaneously with the occurrence of bruises. Following elaborative examinations, we discovered that the patient was painting bruises on her skin using an eye shadow. MS needs to be considered in differential diagnoses among patients with long-term, inconsistent, and irrational complaints, no underlying causes, and normal laboratory findings. Overall, we presented the case to underline that MS is likely to be confronted in pediatric practice.
Relationship between age at menopause and breast ultrasonography results
Authors: GÜRKAN Naziye , AĞAR Mehmet , DEMİRÇİVİ BÖR Ergül
Published: June 2022

Aim: Menopause, the natural process of women’s aging, brings many problems. With menopause, the loss of mammary glandular tissue increases rapidly, and large losses occur in the mammary glands due to atrophy, degeneration, and hyalinization. Ultrasonography (USG) helps to detect these breast changes. This study compared breast USG findings in menopausal cases before and after 40 years.

Material and Method: The files of menopausal patients who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital between October 2014 and September 2020 were retrospectively scanned and analyzed. According to the age of patients entering menopause, it was divided into two groups: 1st group under 40 years old and 2nd group over 40 years old. 52 patients in the 1st group (case group) and 67 patients in the 2nd group (control group) were included in the study.

Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was 33.2 in the 1st group and 48.6 in the 2nd group. Body mass indexes (BMI) were 24.8 kg/m² in group 1 and 25.1 kg/m² in group 2. When the breast USG findings were examined, the incidence of cyst formation in the 1st group was found to be statistically significantly higher than in the 2nd group (p
Antenatal Class Increases Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women in Succeeding Early Breastfeeding Initiation
Authors: Supeni St. , Jariyah Ainun , S Hartati
Published: June 2022

Early Breastfeeding initiation increases exclusive breastfeeding. This research is aimed at knowing the effect of ante natal class to the knowledge and attitude of pregnant mothers and to the success of early breastfeeding. The type of the research is a literary research by researching literature related to ante natal class/classes for pregnant women, early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. From the research it is found that through ante natal class, pregnant women obtained information and training about mother’s and baby’s health which comprises of pregnancy, physical changes and conditions during pregnancy, pregnancy care, delivery followed by early breastfeeding initiation, childbed, the baby, myths/beliefs/local customs, contagious diseases and birth registration. Through the acceptance of early breastfeeding initiation material in ante natal class, it is expected that pregnant women will have the knowledge and understanding concerning early breastfeeding initiation which eventually form a positive attitude towards early breastfeeding initiation. Based on good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding early breastfeeding initiation, it is hoped that its implementation will be successful and eventually will increase exclusive breastfeeding. Thus, it is advised that mother and child health care institutions conduct ante natal class programs to support the successful implementation of early breastfeeding initiation, to obtain healthy and qualified human resources.
Öğretmenlerin Gösterdikleri Psikolojik, Sosyal ve Fiziksel Şiddet Davranışları ve Sonuçları
Authors: BULUT Sefa , AKTAŞ Abdullah
Published: June 2022

Şiddet son yıllarda en çok araştırılan konuların başında gelmektedir. Özellikle de aile içi şiddet, kadına yönelik şiddet, işyerlerinde maruz kalınan mobbing, okulda akran zorbalığı, gençlerin ve çocukların evde maruz kaldıkları psikolojik ve fiziksel şiddet hakkında oldukça çok araştırma yapılmış ve ciddi bir bilgi birikimi ortaya çıkmıştır. Yine son yıllarda çocuk ve gençlerin birbirlerine yaptıkları akran zorbalığı ülkemizde de her eğitim kademesinde tüm boyutlarıyla geniş bir şekilde araştırılmış, bilgi sahibi olunmuş ve bununla ilgili olarak müdahale programları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde ciddi bir farkındalık oluşturulmuştur. Yine öğretmenlerin maruz kaldığı şiddette kamuoyunda, televizyon ve gazetelerde oldukça çok yer almıştır. Bu konuda da bir duyarlık gelişmiştir. Fakat öğretmenlerin gösterdikleri şiddete hiç değinilmemiştir, Öğretmenlere böyle bir şey asla layık görülmemiş, yakıştırılmamış ve bu konu biraz da tabu olduğu için araştırılmamıştır. Bu derleme makalenin amacı da öğretmenlerin gösterdikleri psikolojik, sosyal ve fiziksel şiddet davranışlarının neler olabileceği, bunların nasıl tanımlandığı, yaygınlık oranları, öğrenciler üzerindeki etkileri ve bu şiddet döngüsünün nasıl devam ettiğini araştırmaktır. O nedenle tüm bu konuları içeren makaleler taranmış ve özgün bir derleme yazılmıştır.
Detection of Plant Leaf Diseases using Transfer Learning Techniques
Authors: Sujankumar S  , Manjunatha H T
Published: June 2022

Agriculture is an essential field for meeting the country's increasing population's basic food needs. Meanwhile, the growth of grains and vegetables is essential for human nutrition and the global economy. Many farmers cultivate in distant places of the world, where reliable information and disease detection are lacking; yet, they rely on personal observation of grains and vegetables. Resulting in significant losses. This paper suggests an image processing based detection technique and preventive measures for plant leaf diseases in the agricultural field Using four popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models. such as the Xception model, VGG16, resNet-50, and one Custom CNN model. First, this technique is used to investigate the symptoms of diseased leaves using Kaggle datasets of several leaves. Then, using the image processing application and the Xception model, On dataset images, the feature extraction and classification procedure is used to find leaf diseases. In order to achieve better results, I used three additional CNN models: VGG16, Resnet50, and one custom CNN model.
Güney Afrika’da İran’ın Şiî Politikasının Etkileri: el-Cihad ve Kıble Hareketleri
Authors: YAŞA Feyza
Published: June 2022

ABD’nin Sovyetlere karşı önemli bir müttefiki olan İran için 1979 yılında yaşanan devrim Batı ile ilişkilerinde kırılma noktası mahiyetindedir. Aynı zamanda İsrail kaynaklı güvenlik endişeleri Tahran’ı Ayetullah Humeyni’nin velayet-i fakih projesine sadık kalarak iç-dış siyasetinde mezhep temelli politikalar izlemeye itmiştir. Diğer yandan üzerindeki ekonomik ambargoları kırma gayesiyle Güney-Güney işbirliğine yönelen İran’ın Afrika politikasında siyasi, ekonomik, güvenlik ve dini alanlarda izlediği siyaset birbirinden bağımsız değildir. Dolayısıyla Afrika kıtasının en güçlü ekonomisi Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nde Şiî Müslümanların var olup olmadığı merak konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmalarımız sonucunda İran devriminden etkilenerek Şiî karaktere bürünen el-Cihad ve mevzu bahis devrimden 12 yıl sonra ortaya çıkan Kıble Hareketi’nden haberdar olunmuştur. Bu çalışmada söz konusu iki oluşuma yakından bakılarak İran İslâm Cumhuriyeti’nin izlediği mezhepçi politikaların Afrika’nın en güneyine erişip erişmediği hakkında fikir edinilebilecektir.