bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USING 2MM TITANIUM MINIPLATES AND 3D LOCKING PLATE IN THE TREATMENT OF SYMPHYSIS AND PARA-SYMPHYSIS FRACTURE OF MANDIBLE
Authors: NILESH KUMAR , ZOPE SAMEER , VENDE ADITI , SURYAWANSHI SHEKHAR YASHWANT , ALATE MAHENDRA
Published: December 2022

Introduction: In India, the most frequent surgical emergency is perforation peritonitis. Despite improvements in surgical methods, antimicrobial therapy, and critical care support, peritonitis treatment remains a very demanding, challenging, and complicated task. The highest dependability on the Risks' assessment is achieved by MPI, enabling the individual prognosis of peritonitis patients to be predicted.

Objectives: The goal of the current research was to use Mannheim's Peritonitis Index to assess the prognosis for patients with perforation peritonitis.

Results: In the current research, we found that the majority of the participants were men (65.38%) and that the bulk of the cases belonged to the 46-55 year age group (25%), which was followed by the 36-45 year age group (23.07%). The most common perforation found in the patients was duodenal (42.30%), which was followed by appendicular (13.46%), gastric (28.84%), fileal (9.61%), jejunal (3.8%), and colonic perforations (1.9%).

Conclusion: The majority of research participants (46.15%) reported MPI scores between 21 and 29, followed by situations where the MPI score was more than 29, and cases where the MPI score was less than 21, in that order (38.46%).
COMPARISON OF CLINICAL EFFICACY OF MANDIBULAR NERVE ANESTHESIA
Authors: KUMAR NITESH , MOUNESHKUMAR C. D. , PUNDE PRASHANT , ZANWAR SAGAR DATTAPRASAD
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Being the best at managing pain is an essential but difficult aim for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The relatively high rate of failure of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) may be attributed to a variety of factors. The capacity of the different mandibular nerve block procedures to address the precise causes of IANB failure is what makes them valuable.

Objective: This research compared the effectiveness of Gow-Gates Nerve Block Technique with Conventional Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique for Mandibular Nerve Anesthesia.

Results: The average time it took for anaesthesia to start for the traditional inferior alveolar block approach was 3 minutes, 17 seconds, but the average time it took for the Gow-Gates technique was much longer, at 4 minutes, 15 seconds.

Conclusion: The results of the current investigation found no statistically significant differences between the Gow Gates approach as well as the traditional inferior alveolar nerve block in terms of anaesthetic efficacy.
STATUS AND DIVERSITY OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION IN THE BUDKI DAM OF SHIRPUR, DHULE DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: AGALE M. C.
Published: December 2022

Zooplanktons are microscopic heterotropic organisms usually too small, present in aquatic environment. They are present at various depths in their own niches in every type of water bodies.The present investigation deals with the study of monthly changes of diversity and density of Zooplankton in Budki Dam of Shirpur in Maharashtra. The work was carried out for a period of two year from January 2009 to December 2010. The population status of Zooplankton at Budki dam consisted total 51 species of Zooplankton belonging to 30 genera, belong to four groups: Rotifera (28 species), Cladocera (12 species), Copepoda (7 species)  and Ostracoda (4 Species). Quantitatively and qualitatively these four groups administered same sequence as: Rotifera>Cladocera>Copepoda>Ostracoda.
Utility of Urine KOH in Detecting Candiduria in Infants
Authors: Castellano Mark Joseph , Madrid Mary Antonette
Published: December 2022

Background: Candida species are common cause of urinary tract infection in infants requiring medical care. Candida fungal elements may be demonstrated in urine using microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide (KOH). However, detection of these elements does not always correlate with candiduria. Objectives: To establish the utility of urine KOH in identifying candiduria and to determine the risk factors, as well as urinalysis and CBC parameters associated with candiduria. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included admitted infants 1 year and below with urine culture and with any risk factor/s for candiduria. Additional urine KOH testing was done using clean catch or catheter method. Urine culture was used as the gold standard. Results: Among the 90 study participants with both urine culture and urine KOH, 13 (14%) had candiduria. The use of indwelling catheter, presence of urinary tract anomalies, positive leukocyte esterase in urinalysis, and increased monocyte counts in CBC are all associated with candiduria. Urine KOH has sensitivity of 100%, (CI 75.2-100%), specificity 59.7%, (CI 47.9-70.7%), PPV 29.5%, (CI 17.7-45.2%), and NPV 100%, (CI 92.2-100%) in detecting candiduria. Conclusions: Negative urine KOH has excellent negative predictive value, while positive urine KOH result may warrant further investigation. Urine KOH results should be interpreted with caution depending on patient’s risk factors, clinical status, and other laboratory results prior to initiation of empiric antifungal therapy. Positive urine KOH may not always require treatment.
Time-Out
Authors: Dy-Co Arlene
Published: December 2022

Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, we wonder when everything will settle down. Lives have been lost… one too many, livelihoods disrupted, events cancelled, travel plans placed on the back burner and education halted. Our country has the highest number of cases in our part of the world. We had the longest lockdown too.
Exclusive Breastfeeding from Birth to 6 Months for Reducing Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children Up to 5 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dizon- Ditangco Vanessa Amor , Abiog-Castro Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age is the global recommendation of the World Health Organization because of its established benefits. Previous studies show that exclusive breastfeeding can protect infants during infancy but effects of breastfeeding beyond infancy are inconclusive. This study aims to identify if exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age is protective for pneumonia up to 5 years of age. Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted on the following electronic databases: Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SciHub, Herdin, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify all relevant studies assessing the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on development of pneumonia in children from birth to 5 years of age. Fixed effects meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled effect estimates (odds ratio) on the probability of developing pneumonia up to 5 years of age in exclusively breastfed compared to non-exclusively breastfed infants. Results: Five studies were included in the analysis. Exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months has a protective effect against pneumonia in children up to 5 years of age. The probability of developing pneumonia in children until 5 years of age was significantly lower in those who were exclusively breastfed compared to those who were not exclusively breastfed (OR=0.86; 95%CI=0.77-0.95, pvalue=0.003) by 23%. Systematic review showed benefit of exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding for longer protection against developing pneumonia. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months is associated with statistically significant reduction in the incidence of pneumonia up to 5 years of age. Results highlighted the importance of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age as an intervention in reducing pneumonia morbidity up to 5 years of age, thereby supporting the global recommendation of breastfeeding.
Oral Azithromycin Vs Intravenous Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Enteric Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sy Mark Jensen , Ty Florentina
Published: December 2022

Background: Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a severe systemic illness characterized by fever and gastrointestinal manifestations that commonly affects children and young adults. It is most prevalent in SouthCentral Asia, Southern Africa, and Southeast Asia. Alternative drugs for the treatment of enteric fever have been studied to decrease toxicity and increase compliance. Oral azithromycin has been proposed and is widely studied as a suitable treatment alternative. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare oral azithromycin with intravenous ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in terms of cure, duration of fever, relapse, and adverse events. Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis were done with eligible studies taken from PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry. Six studies passed the eligibility criteria and were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Azithromycin showed comparable results with ceftriaxone in terms of cure, duration of fever and adverse events. However, azithromycin proved superior in decreasing relapse. Conclusion: Azithromycin is comparable to ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in terms of cure, duration of fever, and occurrence of adverse events. Azithromycin likewise had a lower incidence of relapse. Recommendations: We recommend conducting local trials in pediatric patients, to compare azithromycin with standard antibiotic regimen for typhoid fever, to help update local recommendations and expand choices for antibiotic use.
Interim Guidelines on the Screening, Assessment and Clinical Management of Pediatric Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Nievera Maria Carmen , Ong-Lim Anna Lisa , Camposano John Andrew , Gonzales Ma. Liza Antoinette , Pantig Francesca Mae , Tarnate Paul Sherwin , Dela Cruz Lesley Anne , Luna Imelda , Padua Jay Ron , Rivera Abigail , Ulob-Torio Ma. Kristina
Published: December 2022

The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2 and the subsequent declaration by the World Health Organization of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted the lives of many all over the world. As the total number of reported cases increase globally, the number of pediatric cases have also steadily increased over the past several months. This has led to an expansion of the wealth of scientific and clinical knowledge on COVID-19 in children. This rapid advice has been updated from the previous version (version 2, released 12 April 2020) as new knowledge on pediatric COVID-19 has become available in recent literature. It aims to provide guidance to pediatricians, general and family practitioners, and other healthcare professionals caring for children on how to assess and treat pediatric patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. These guidelines were formulated based on information available at the time of its release, and shall be updated as new data becomes available.
Atypical pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis due to Aureobasidium spp. – case report and brief literature review
Authors: Bosetti Davide , Spoerl David , Riat Arnaud , De Vito Claudio , Masouridi-Levrat Stavroula , Chalandon Yves , Neofytos Dionysios
Published: December 2022

We report on a case of probable invasive Auerobasidium spp. pulmonary infection in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. The patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B monotherapy, with transition to orally administered isavuconazole. This case shows an atypical initial radiological presentation with diffuse ground-glass opacities, as previously demonstrated in cases of Aureobasidium spp. hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Moreover this case further highlights the difficulties associated with the diagnosis and complexity in the management of Aureobasidium spp. infections.
Fälle und Lösungen im Verkehrsrecht
Authors: Daubner Robert
Published: December 2022

74 Fälle mit ca. 150 Verkehrsverstößen

Das Buch behandelt anhand von insgesamt 74 Fallkonstellationen ca. 150 gängige Verstöße aus dem Verkehrsbereich. Darüber hinaus sind in der neuen Auflage ca. 400 Zusatzinfos und Hinweise aus der Rechtsprechung enthalten.

Antworten auf Ihre Fragen – Lösungen für Ihre Fälle Leserinnen und Leser finden u.a. Antworten auf diese Fragen:

Ist die Betriebserlaubnis des Fahrzeugs wegen technischer Veränderungen erloschen?

Hat die Fahrerin oder der Fahrer die erforderliche Fahrerlaubnis oder liegt ein Fahren ohne Fahrerlaubnis nach § 21 StVG vor?

Handelt es sich »nur« um ein falsches Überholen i.S.d. § 5 StVO oder gar um eine Straßenverkehrsgefährdung nach § 315c StGB?

Benötigt man für einen E-Scooter die FE-Klasse B oder reicht eine Prüfbescheinigung oder die FE-Klasse AM aus?

Für die gängigsten Verstöße werden Lösungsmöglichkeiten einschließlich der Ahndungskette (Anzeige) angeboten.

Übersichtliche Gliederung

Das Lernbuch ist in 3 Kapitel untergliedert:

Kapitel 1 behandelt die StVO. Dabei steht die Unfallaufnahme im Vordergrund.

Kapitel 2 widmet sich der Fahrzeugkontrolle mit Fällen aus dem Fahrerlaubnis- und Zulassungsrecht.

Kapitel 3 befasst sich mit Verkehrsstraftaten und den §§ 24a und c StVG.

Die einzelnen Kapitel bauen aufeinander auf, sodass zum Schluss komplexe Sachverhalte bearbeitet werden können. Bei allen Aufgaben ist eine Bearbeitungszeit als Richtwert vorgegeben.

Für die Ausbildung – und für die Praxis

Die Lernhilfe ist in erster Linie für die Ausbildung des mittleren Polizeivollzugsdienstes und für die Vorausbildung der Polizeikommissaranwärter/-innen konzipiert. Die vorgestellten Lösungsmöglichkeiten können auch für die Anzeigenbearbeitung als Entscheidungshilfe herangezogen werden.
Fälle und Lösungen zum UZwG
Authors: Neuwald Nils , Rathmann Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

Aktualisierte Prüfungsvorbereitung im Zwangsrecht

Das Buch enthält 25 Fälle mit komplett ausformulierten Lösungen zum Zwangsrecht aus dem Aufgabenbereich der Bundespolizei. Die Kenntnis dieser Zwangsmaßnahmen wird regelmäßig in Aufsichtsarbeiten und Prüfungen des mittleren Dienstes abgefragt.

Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt die umfassenden inhaltlichen Überarbeitungen des harmonisierten dienstlichen Grundlagenskriptes über die polizeiliche Zwangsanwendung.

Ausformulierte Falllösungen nach dem vorgegebenen Prüfungsschema

Die Fälle und Lösungen dieses Werkes basieren auf dem aktuellen Ausbildungs- und Stoffverteilungsplan für die Bundespolizei sowie den harmonisierten Lehrunterlagen für den mittleren Polizeivollzugsdienst. Alle Falllösungen entsprechen dem behördlich vorgegebenen Prüfungsschema für die rechtliche Begründung von Eingriffsbefugnissen sowie der Verfahrensanweisung für die Erstellung von Prüfungsarbeiten der Bundespolizeiakademie.

Das Autorenteam stellt das verbindliche Prüfungsschema in einer Einführung ausführlich dar und gibt nützliche Bearbeitungshinweise. Es erläutert die Rechtsgrundlagen der Verwaltungsvollstreckung und der Ausübung des unmittelbaren Zwanges. Eine schematische Gegenüberstellung der Zulässigkeit des präventiven und repressiven Zwanges hilft bei der Abgrenzung der Maßnahmen.

Mit Fällen zu ...

Die Übungssachverhalte mit Lösungen enthalten Fälle zum

präventiven Normalvollzug – § 6 Abs. 1 VwVG (körperliche Gewalt, Fesselung, Wasserwerfer-, Waffen- und Schusswaffeneinsatz),

präventiven Sofortvollzug – § 6 Abs. 2 VwVG (körperliche Gewalt, Nagelgurt und Waffeneinsatz),

repressiven Zwang – StPO (Körperliche Gewalt, Fesselung, Schusswaffeneinsatz).

Effizienter lernen mit Gesetzesauszügen

Die im Anhang abgedruckten Gesetzesauszüge erleichtern das Arbeiten mit dem Buch:

Bundespolizeibeamtengesetz (BPolBG)

Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung (VwGO)

Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (VwVfG)

Verwaltungs-Vollstreckungsgesetz (VwVG)

UZwG

Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift des Bundesministers des Innern zum Gesetz über den unmittelbaren Zwang bei Ausübung öffentlicher Gewalt durch Vollzugbeamte des Bundes (UZwVwV-BMI)

Tipps und Hinweise zu einer effizienten Bearbeitungstechnik ermöglichen schnelles Lernen und eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung.

Für die Ausbildung ...

Das Lernbuch ist optimiert für die Ausbildung der Bundespolizeianwärterinnen und Bundespolizeianwärter für den mittleren Dienst.
Versammlungsgesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Ullrich Norbert , Braun Frank , Roitzheim Peter
Published: December 2022

Praxiskommentar mit Tiefgang

Die Autoren haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, mit einer zugleich praxisbezogenen wie wissenschaftlich fundierten Kommentierung allen, die sich mit dem Versammlungsrecht befassen, eine nutzbringende Erläuterung der neuen Vorschriften an die Hand zu geben.

Eigenständiges Versammlungsrecht in NRW

Mit dem am 15.12.2021 im Landtag beschlossenen und am 7.1.2022 in Kraft getretenen Versammlungsgesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen (VersG NRW) hat der Gesetzgeber ein eigenständiges nordrhein-westfälisches Versammlungsrecht geschaffen.

Das Gesetz enthält aus dem niedersächsischen Versammlungsgesetz (NVersG) und aus dem VersG des Bundes übernommene Passagen sowie neue Inhalte, die auf der Grundstruktur und einem Teil der Formulierungen der Musterentwürfe basieren.

Erste Erläuterungen zur Anwendungspraxis

Neben der naturgemäß erst spärlich vorhandenen Rechtsprechung und Literatur konnten bereits auch viele Fragen berücksichtigt werden, die sich bei der Gesetzesanwendung stellen. Schrifttum und Rechtsprechung sind bis einschließlich März 2022 in das Werk eingeflossen, in Einzelfällen auch darüber hinaus.

Geeignet für ...

... für die Aus- und Fortbildung im Verwaltungsrecht als auch für die Verwaltungspraxis.
Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) Baunutzungsverordnung (BauNVO)
Authors: Jäde † Henning , Dirnberger Franz
Published: December 2022

Standardwerk zum öffentlichen Baurecht

Der Kommentar bietet auch in der 10. Auflage praxisorientierte Erläuterungen zum gesamten Bauplanungsrecht (BauGB und BauNVO). Das Autorenteam setzt in gewohnter Weise die Schwerpunkte auch im Hinblick auf die juristischen Staatsprüfungen.

Aktuelle Rechtsprechung u.a. zu § 34 und § 35 BauGB

Den Erläuterungen liegt die detailliert ausgewertete Rechtsprechung des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts zugrunde. Die obergerichtliche Rechtsprechung und Literatur sind nur dort berücksichtigt, wo es inhaltlich notwendig war.

Mit wichtigen Gesetzesnovellen

Eingearbeitet sind alle seit Erscheinen der Vorauflage ergangenen Gesetzesänderungen, insbesondere durch das Baulandmobilisierungsgesetz 2021 und das Aufbauhilfegesetz.

Zugelassenes Prüfungshilfsmittel

Für Referendare in Bayern ist der Kommentar als Prüfungshilfsmittel in der Zweiten Juristischen Staatsprüfung zugelassen.

Weiterführende Materialien im Online-Kommentar

Im separat beziehbaren elektronischen Kommentar »BauGB · BauNVO context« ergänzen weiterführende Materialien das Werk. Auch die gesamte einschlägige Rechtsprechung findet sich in der elektronischen Fassung des Werks. Nutzerinnen und Nutzer können – je nach Arbeitsweise – den gedruckten Kommentar parallel zur Online-Fassung verwenden oder sich für eines der Arbeitsmittel entscheiden. Details zum Online-Kommentar finden Sie hier.

Besonders empfehlenswert für:

Verwaltung, Justiz, Anwaltschaft, Architekturbüros, Ingenieurbüros, Bauunternehmen
Hypoxia and Paraoxygenation
Authors: Kumar Singhal Suresh , Manohar Manisha
Published: December 2022

Hypoxemia whether critical or not is a complication associated with airway management. The abruptness with which the hypoxic events can occur during airway management in anticipated as well as unanticipated difficult airways provide very little time to the airway managers to avoid the whirlpool of complications that can ensue if hypoxia persists. An understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of hypoxemia and the techniques that can ensure oxygenation for a prolonged time provide a safe window to think and execute the airway management plans. Paraoxygenation is one such technique that ensures an uninterrupted oxygen supply to the patient after the onset of apnoea and prolongs the safe apnoea time significantly.
Endothelial Dysfunction, Molecular Biology, Physiopathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Grover Páez Fernando , Esparza Pimentel Javier
Published: December 2022

Endothelial cell dysfunction has lately become one of the principal subjects being incorporated into the assessment of cardiovascular risk because of the relevance that has been shown in several clinical studies. Comprehending and incorporating basic physiological knowledge, about endothelium molecular biology and vascular tonicity, is key to understanding the relevance of this topic. The approach of endothelial dysfunction physiopathology is overly complex and widely studied, but it can be enrolled into both consumption of bioavailable NO and deficit production of NO. In the last decades, scientific equipment has been developed from the necessity of creating non-invasive tools to measure arterial stiffness, being FMD one of the first and most used ones. Once the endothelial cell dysfunction was identified, several drugs and bioactive substances were evaluated because of their potential to decrease the level of arterial stiffness and improve life quality, such as polyphenols, phosphodiesterase five inhibitors, and new incoming therapies.
Secondary Metabolites of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss: Occurence, Variations and Importance
Authors: Pratap Singh Aditya , Shiva Kishore Ponaganti , Kar Santanu , Dewanjee Sujaya
Published: December 2022

There are numerous secondary plant metabolites found in the crop B. juncea, especially glucosinolates. Isothiocyanates, the by-products of glycosinolate breakdown, are beneficial to human health. A number of studies have also called attention to phenolic compounds and carotenoids, both well known for their anti-oxidant properties. A notable feature is that the profiles and concentrations of secondary plant metabolites vary greatly between varieties and that genetic factors are thought to be the most significant factors. In addition, environmental and agronomic factors have also been noted to change the concentrations of secondary plant metabolites. Secondary plant metabolites are primarily produced for defense purposes. Consequently, the intrinsic quality of Indian mustard, including color, aroma, taste, and medicinal properties, is profoundly influenced by its secondary metabolite profile. The health benefits of glycosinolates and the cancer prevention properties of their breakdown products make them of specific interest. Plant cells that have been injured undergo enzymatic decomposition of glucosinolate by endogenous enzymes such as myrosinase, which releases degradation products such as nitriles, epithionitriles, or isothiocyanates. The main phenolic compounds found in B. juncea are flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. A diverse secondary metabolite pool is also essential for plant-environment interactions.
Interplay between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Yehya Alaa
Published: December 2022

Pharmacogenomics represents an attempt to optimize the efficacy of drugs, minimize adverse drug reactions, and facilitate drug discovery, development, and approval. Understanding an individual’s genetic makeup can be the key to creating personalized drugs with greater efficacy and safety, as pharmacogenetic testing can be used to identify individuals who may be more susceptible to adverse drug reactions. Interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of many medicinal products is prone to interindividual variability. Pharmacogenomics should be considered one of the factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of a drug. When a polymorphism in a metabolizing enzyme and/or transporter causes a difference in exposure, it may alter efficacy or safety.
Response Surface Model Applied to Fine Arts: The Case of the Restoration of Paintings
Authors: Romero-Noguera Julio , Pérez-Villares Nuria , Bolívar-Galiano Fernando , Bailón-Moreno Rafael
Published: December 2022

Cleaning polychrome paintings and sculptures is an essential task in restoration treatment, since it irreversibly affects the appearance and material structure of such works of art. It is a completely “analogical” process consisting of removing surface dirt, aged varnishes or repainting (paints added to the original) based on the restorer’s experience and knowledge, as well as on different internationally accepted criteria for such interventions. In this chapter we are presenting an example of the adaptation of the response surface model to this field, which is complex and difficult to adapt to quantitative parameters and has never before been studied with this approach. Using the MODDE Go® experiment optimization and statistical design software, the effectiveness of cleaning pictorial works of art has been studied using various formulas composed mainly of water and a low-toxicity monoterpene: limonene. The model’s statistical validity is demonstrated, as well as its ability to determine the main factors that affect the cleaning by means of different responses (methods) to evaluate its effectiveness: an expert’s opinion using visible light and ultraviolet light, the amount of varnish removed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the effects on color, lightness and gloss. The main influential factors were the concentrations of the two main components of the proposed formulations, water and limonene, which regulate the cleaners’ level of hydrophilia and lipophilicity, followed by the types of pigments and type of varnish used, and aging. Using an in silico simulation, the proposed model also enables specific compositions to be formulated for different scenarios and cleaning applications that are potentially effective and harmless to the pictorial materials and the restorers’ health.
Curbing Corruptions in Government Sectors: The Role of Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Masudur , Rahman Azizur
Published: December 2022

This book chapter attempts to investigate the major prevailing corruptions in government sectors of Bangladesh and explore the roles of Anti-Corruption Commissions (ACC), Bangladesh, to combat these corruptions. Bangladesh has multidisciplinary development projects, and it also witnesses some corruption in both private and government sectors. This study could contribute with regard to make a small insight about the corruption in Bangladesh. This is a qualitative study which has basically been made the secondary sources of data which has been collected from the recent publications, reports, articles, and annual reports of Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC), Bangladesh, as well as other secondary sources of information. The research ethics has been maintained properly in this study. This study will be helped to the policy-makers of Bangladesh to understand the trends and factors associated with corruption as well as the role of the ACC in Bangladesh to a large scale. Researchers would also find the scope of further study through this chapter.
Biology and Epidemiology of Malaria Recurrence: Implication for Control and Elimination
Authors: Alemayehu Aklilu
Published: December 2022

Malaria recurrence not only increases its clinical episodes, but also sustains transmission. It significantly contributes to a high burden of malaria and impedes elimination. Malaria recurrence can be due to reinfection, relapse, or recrudescence. Based on the type of recurrence, parasites exhibit similar or dissimilar genotypes compared to the genotype involved in initial infection. This review aimed at showing a comprehensive overview of malaria recurrence. Molecular techniques, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, multiplex PCR, and sequencing, help to characterize malaria recurrence. However, these tools are hardly accessible in malaria-endemic areas and are unable to detect liver hypnozoites. Moreover, PCR is unable to adequately differentiate between relapse and reinfection of P. vivax. Recurrent malaria, particularly relapse, accounts for major portion of malaria prevalence. Through renewed parasitemia, recurrence remained as a daunting public health problem. More works remain to overcome the challenges of recurrence in efforts to control and eliminate malaria. Limited understanding of malaria recurrence impedes the development of robust tools and strategies for effective mitigation. Continued biological and epidemiological studies help unravel the persistent complexities of malaria recurrence and develop ideal tool to fight malaria.
Effects of the Invasive Alien Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC and Its Management Options in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Shiferaw Wakshum , Demissew Sebsebe
Published: December 2022

This paper aimed to review the effects of P. juliflora (hereafter P. juliflora is represented by P. juliflora) on environmental factors in Ethiopia, management options and take up lessons learned elsewhere, and discuss about utilization and management of P. juliflora. It addresses relevant scientific information based on the evaluation of data collected from different journals, books, manuals, and various reports using the systematic review method. Invasion of P. juliflora had positive effects on soil properties, negative effects on plant diversity, human health, livestock health, and other economic losses. Its negative effects are outweighing its positive effects. The main negative effects of P. juliflora are its biotic factors such as allopathic chemicals and active ingredients such as phenolic compounds that are impairing animals and human beings. Mechanical, chemical, management by utilization, fire, disruption of its phenological stages, and biological control methods are among control methods of the species. However, these control methods have their pros and cons for its management. The review was based on limited research findings and sources because there are limitations in research works regarding P. juliflora and its management. This review is used to know the invasion of P. juliflora and its management options in Ethiopia and other similar tropical countries across the world.
C. Louis Leipoldt se bydrae tot die materiaalversameling van J.J. Smith se Afrikaanse standaardwoordeboek
Authors: du Plessis J.C.M.D.
Published: December 2022

C. Louis Leipoldt's Contribution to the Collection of Materials for J.J. Smith's Afrikaans Standard Dictionary. The friendship between Smith and Leipoldt originated during their years of study in London. This led to Leipoldt showing some of his poems to Smith. Oom Gert vertel en ander gedigte with an introduction by Smith was the first poetry collection by Leipoldt. Subsequent collections of his were linguistically edited by Smith. J.C. Kannemeyer writes extensively about this in his biography of Leipoldt. When Smith started with the collection of materials for the Afrikaans standard dictionary, Leipoldt on a smaller scale made contributions with the elucidation of plant and animal names, and folk medicine. This article discusses a representative collection of this material with regard to kind, method, etc. Keywords: Afrikaans standard dictionary, plant names, animal names, folk medicine
Laat ons boeke vat. Illustrasie van die nut van 'n leesprogram in 'n era van korpusleksikografie met aanbevelings vir die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal
Authors: Luther Jana
Published: December 2022

An Illustration of the Usefulness of a Reading Programme in a time of corpus lexicography, with Recommendations for the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. The Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT) is a comprehensive, synchronic dictionary, the first volume of which was published in 1951. Its aim has been to treat the vocabulary of Afrikaans in its broadest scope, from today back to about one hundred years ago. Like similar dictionaries for other languages, the WAT originally came into existence dependent to a large degree on the phrases and citations ordinary language users sent to the dictionary by surface mail during the last decades of the previous millennium. For almost every headword from U to Z that still needs to be defined and elucidated, this collection of more than 4,5 million hand-written or typed cards has remained the starting point. However, since the arrival of computers in the 1980s, new technologies have fundamentally changed the way dictionary makers work. In the era of corpus lexicography, card collections have been systematically supplemented by electronic corpuses reflecting real language use, in which words can be sorted and analysed directly and with the use of various criteria. The larger, more comprehensive and more balanced the corpus, the less editors have to rely on personal impressions. Yet, in these days of online text collection, some of the WAT's peers, such as the (much more extensive) Oxford English Dictionary (OED), have maintained established reading programmes and even initiated several new ones. Large corpuses contain mostly texts from newspapers, magazines, novels and such like, in which the current, general and written varieties of the language dominate and other varieties (regional language, technical language, colloquial language, words and expressions of previous generations) are less well represented. By selecting specific texts for volunteer and paid readers, reading-programme managers have attempted to fill these gaps. Through a semi-automatic analysis of such a selected text, the novel Draaijakkals (1999) by George Weideman, this article demonstrates and subsequently recommends how a reading programme in a reviewing phase may contribute to new and augmented entries in the WAT. Keywords: reading programme, comprehensive dictionary, synchronic dictionary, readers, text analysis, text analysis software, new material, excerpting, words, spelling, variants, parts of speech, expressions, meaning, usage, citations, dating
Evaluation of (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin Inhibitor of Herpes Simplex Type 1 Identified from Screening of a Library of Natural Products
Authors: Aliabadi Nasrin , Jamalidoust Marzieh , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: December 2022

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes serious illness in humans, especially in newborns and immunocompromised hosts. Public health requires the development of new, less toxic anti-HSV-1 drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-herpesvirus activity of natural products in an extensive library of 133 compounds by examining viral titers and the number of viral plaques. Methods: (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) as an inhibitor against viral DNA replication in the lowest concentration ranges from a set of natural products consisting of screening 133 compounds. Each step of the viral replication cycle of HSV-1 on A549 cells was evaluated with different assays, including adsorption, penetration, time-of-addition assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The respective antiviral effects on HSV-1AN95 infection were assessed in vitro. Results: 10-HCPT was found to be a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 infection in the lowest concentration range from screening of a natural product library. The results showed that 10-HCPT significantly affects HSV-1 viral plaque formation inhibition, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.07 μM. The time of addition assay suggested that 10-HCPT had a viral inhibitory effect when added 8 hours after infection. It was further confirmed by reducing the expression of late viral genes including glycoprotein (g) and viral protein (VP) (gB, gD, gH, VP1/2, and VP16) 4 hours after infection in the 10-HCPT treatment group compared to positive controls by quantitative real-time PCR. The Western blotting results are inconsistent with other reported results. It showed that 10-HCPT did not affect gD and ICP4 during HSV-1 infection, and 10-HCPT appeared to affect other genes in the immediate-early (IE) and late (L) steps. Conclusions: 10-HCPT demonstrated anti-HSV activity on HSV-1. Their dose-dependent antiviral activity showed that specific cellular components might mediate their function rather than cytotoxicity. This survey suggests a new outlook in exploring effective treatment options for HSV-1 infections.
Penggunaan Media Lingkungan Belajar Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Laporan Hasil Observasi pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Selong
Authors: Mulkiah
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Keaktifan dan kemampuan menulis teks laporan hasil observasi dengan menggunakan media lingkugan belajar pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Selong tahun pembelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas PTK yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu 1) tahap perencanaan, 2) pelaksanaan, 3) Observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah berupa tes dan pedoman observasi. Keberhasilan tindakan ditentukan dengan melihat peningkatan nilai rata-rata kemampuan menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siklus I ke siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siklus I 72 menjadi 80 pada siklus II. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media lingkungan belajar dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan kemampuan menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Selong Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022.
ANALISIS MAKNA DAN AMANAT PUISI ”PAHLAWAN TAK DIKENAL” KARYA TOTO SUDARTO BAKHTIAR
Authors: Alpan Ahmadi  , Siti Aisyah  , Bq Yulia Kurnia Wahidah
Published: December 2022

Puisi yang berudul “pahlawan tak dikenal” adalah sebuah puisi kepahlawanan yang dikarang oleh penyair indonesia yang bernama Toto Sudarto Bakhtiar, puisi ini dikarang sejak 10 tahun peristiwa penajahan itu terjadi, sebuah puisi yang mengenang peristiwa masa lalu yang menolak lupa akan jasa para pahlawan indonesia tanpa identitas yang telah gugur demi membela negara pada saat itu. Oleh karenanya pengarang mencoba mengkaji makna dan amanat yang disampaikan pengarang puisi melalui puisi tersebut, agar lebih mudah difahami untuk dapat mengambil pelajaran bagi generasi-generasi mileniar sekarang ini. Juga sebagai bahan untuk meningkatkan semangat dalam mempertahankan negara yang merdeka, adil makmur dan beradab, sebgaimana dalam undang-undang negara kita, sehingga tidak da lagi perlawanan ataupun peperangan yang akan terjadi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, karena gugurnya para pahlawan adalah saksi ketidakadilan yang harus dihapuskan dimuka bumi.
Sastra Dan Nasionalisme Di Sekolah Internasional
Authors: Mardalena Ismirani , Kartini Lasman Diah , Silfania Zahra Zalfa
Published: December 2022

Globalisasi menuntut naiknya mutu pendidikan agar anak-anak Indonesia mampu bersaing di dunia Internasional. Disahkannya Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Kerja sama Penyelenggaraan dan Pengelolaan oleh Lembaga Pendidikan Asing dengan Lembaga Pendidikan di Indonesia serta Kurikulum 2013, yang berpedoman pada UU NO.20 tahun 2003, mendorong munculnya pendidikan berkualitas Internasional yang “mengadopsi kurikulum IB (International Bacalaureat), AAP atau Cambridge” di Indonesia. Orientasi kepada kurikulum internasional menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai nasionalisme dan kebangsaan para siswa WNI. Salah satu strategi yang digunakan oleh sekolah yang berbahasa pengantar Bahasa Inggris serta mengadopsi kurikulum Internasional dalam menanamkan nasionalisme pada siswa berkewarganegaraan Indonesia adalah melalui pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan menjadikan Bahasa dan Sastra sebagai salah satu mata ujian untuk mendapatkan diploma IB. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan pembelajaran sastra di sekolah berkurikulum IB dengan rasa nasionalisme pada siswa WNI. Data didapatkan dari wawancara tatap muka semi-terstruktur dengan guru dan siswa dari tiga sekolah Internasional, yaitu SPH Karawaci, SPH Kemang Village dan Binus School Simprug. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengaitkan data dengan konsep keindonesiaan yang dirumuskan dalam Diskusi Panel Serial: Membangun Budaya Bangsa dan Nilai Keindonesiaan Demi Masa Depan Bangsa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran sastra Indonesia mampu membangun rasa kebangsaan siswa. Makna pembelajaran sastra Indonesia di sekolah internasional adalah meneguhkan identitas siswa sebagai warga Negara Indonesia yang mengenal bangsanya, kebudayaannya dan mampu berbahasa Indonesia dengan baik.
Analisis Semantis Preposisi BI Dalam Penerjemahan (Arab-Indonesia ) Buku La Tahzan
Authors: Najjah Hajidah Gina , Matin Iman
Published: December 2022

Penelitian mengenai makna preposisi dalam karya sastra masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian penerjemahan preposisi bi dalam buku La Tahzan oleh ‘Aidh al-Qarni. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis makna dan padanan preposisi bi dalam bahasa Indonesia. Metode deskriptif analitis dengan konsep text based theory digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dirancang secara kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumenter. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa preposisi bi yang terdapat pada 8 prosa terpanjang dalam buku La Tahzan adalah 423 preposisi: (1) al-ilsha:q 140; (2) at-ta'diyyah 54; (3) al-isti'a:nah 69; (4) as-sabaabiyyah 24; (5) al-musha:habah ’47; (6) ad-dhorfiyyah 26; (7) al-badal 3; (8) al-muqa:balah 3; (9) al-mujaawazah 6;  (10) al-isti'la: 19; (11) at-tab'i:diyyah  5; (12) al-qasam 1; (13) al-gha:yah 11; dan (14) at-tauki:d 15. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan penerjemahan Arab-Indonesia dalam mencari padanan preposisi bi untuk jenis terjemahan kontekstual.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Teknik Meneruskan Tulisan Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Siswa Kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut
Authors: Septiani Nora , Sri Hartati Yulia , Gemarni Tatalita Ricci
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan yaitu siswa kesulitan dalam menulis teks eksposisi, karena tidak mampu menuangkan ide-ide kedalam bentuk tulisan. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas penggunaan teknik Meneruskan Tulisan terhadap keterampilan menulis teks eksposisi siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif Sesudah menggunakan Teknik eksperimen. Desain penelitian ini adalah One Group Pretes-Posttest Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut  yang berjumlah 30 orang. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah skor kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi sebelum dan sesudah  menggunakan teknik  Meneruskan Tulisan siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut ini Pertama, kemampuan  menulis teks eksposisi sebelum menggunakan teknik meneruskan tulisan siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut memperoleh nilai rata-rata 62,22 yaitu berada pada tingkat penguasaan 56-65% pada kualifikasi Cukup (C). Kedua, kemampuan  menulis teks eksposisi sesudah menggunakan teknik meneruskan tulisan siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut memperoleh nilai rata-rata 75,92 yaitu berada pada tingkat penguasaan 66-75% pada kualifikasi lebih dari cukup (LdC). Ketiga, berdasarkan uji-t disimpulkan bahwa terdapat Efektivitas penggunaan teknik meneruskan tulisan siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Silaut karena thitung > ttabel (7,15> 1,70).
Pengaruh Metode Cooperative Script Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Selong Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Wijaya Herman , Islahuddin  , H.A. Gani Ramlah , Supratmi Nunung
Published: December 2022

enelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Metode Cooperative Script terhadap kemampuan keterampilan berbicara siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Selong  tahun pelajaran 2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk eksperimen dengan quasi eksperimental. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Selong  Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Jumlah Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Selong  ada 2 kelas dengan jumlah keseluruhan 60 siswa. Selanjutnya teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik simple random sampling. Adapun kelas yang terpilih sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IXa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas IXb sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah tes. Pengujian dilakukan secara statistik terhadap hasil post-test masing-masing kelompok dengan menggunakan uji-t menunjukkan nilai thitung= 2,7 dan ttabel= 1,671 yang berarti thitung ≥ ttabel. Maka hasil pengujian hipotesis adalah Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan kelas yang menggunakan metode Cooperative Script dan konvensional. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan metode Cooperative Script berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan keterampilan berbicara siswa pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia khususnya pada materi diskusi Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Selong  tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.
Analisis Psikologi Novel Cermin Cinta Karya N. Riantiarno
Authors: Mulyono Ana
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek psikologi pengarang yang ada dalam novel Cermin Cinta karya N. Riantiarno. Di dalam mengetahui aspek psikologi pengarang dalam novel peneliti menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah novel Cermin Cinta karya N. Riantiarno, sumber data yang dipakai menggunakan sumber data yang berasal dari novel Cermin Cinta karya N. Riantiarno dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan metode telaah. Secara psikologi dapat disimpulkan bahwa novel ini memiliki tema tentang persahabatan dan cinta segitiga, alur dalam novel menggunakan alur campuran. Tokoh yang ada dalam novel yaitu terdiri dari tokoh utama dan tokoh tambahan. Secara umum aspek psikologi dalam novel Cermin Cinta karya N.Riantiarno terdiri dari aspek psikologi pengarang yang mencakup faktor-faktor psikologi yang mempengaruhi karya seorang pengarang dan cara seorang pengarang menyampaikan kondisi jiwanya melalui seorang tokoh. Dari Hasil analisis Psikologi novel Cermin Cinta karya N. Riantiarno diketahui bahwa faktor psikologi yang mempengaruhi karya seorang pengarang adalah faktor memori yang mencakup pikiran, perasaan, intuisi, dan sensasi dan juga faktor emosi serta perilaku pengarang. Aspek psikologi pengarang dalam novel ini sebagian besar diambil dari kondisi kejiwaan pengarang sendiri, seperti kondisi kejiwaan pengarang ketika menciptakan sebuah karya sastra, baik itu menyenangkan atau menyedihkan, kemudian kondisi emosi pengarang dan prilaku dari pengarang itu sendiri, semuanya oleh pengarang dikemas dan dimasukkan dalam bentuk cerita yang dapat mempengaruhi psikologi pembaca.
Gaya Bahasa Ironi Dan Sarkasme Dalam Kolom Komentar Akun Instagram Tempodotco Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di SMA
Authors: Azka Muhammad Azka Khuluqie , Eko Purwanto Burhan , Triana Leli
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan jenis serta fungsi gaya bahasa ironi dan sarkasme dalam komentar pada akun instagram tempodotco dan mendeskripsikan implikasi hasil penelitian terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari kolom komentar akun instagram tempodotco. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah teknik simak dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan kajian analisis deskriptif. Teknik penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukan gaya bahasa ironi dan sarkasme dalam kolom komentar akun instagram tempodotco dengan jumlah 47 data. Penelitian gaya bahasa ironi dan sarkasme ini diimplikasikan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA kelas X semester genap pada kompetensi dasar 3.12 menghubungkan permasalahan/isu, sudut pandang dan argument beberapa pihak dan simpulan dari debat untuk menentukan esensi dari debat.