bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heuristic optimisation for automated distribution system planning in network integration studies
Authors: Scheidler Alexander , Thurner Leon , Braun Martin
Published: February 2018

Network integration studies try to assess the impact of future developments, such as the increase of Renewable Energy Sources or the introduction of Smart Grid Technologies, on large‐scale network areas. Goals can be to support strategic alignment in the regulatory framework or to adapt the network planning principles of Distribution System Operators. This study outlines an approach for the automated distribution system planning that can calculate network reconfiguration, reinforcement and extension plans in a fully automated fashion. This allows the estimation of the expected cost in massive probabilistic simulations of large numbers of real networks and constitutes a core component of a framework for large‐scale network integration studies. Exemplary case study results are presented that were performed in cooperation with different major distribution system operators. The case studies cover the estimation of expected network reinforcement costs, technical and economical assessment of smart grid technologies and structural network optimisation.
First scattered light detection of a nearly edge-on transition disk around the T Tauri star RY Lupi
Authors: Langlois M. , Pohl A. , Lagrange A.-M. , Maire A.- L. , Mesa D. , Boccaletti A. , Gratton R. , Denneulin L. , Klahr H. , Vigan A. , Benisty M. , Dominik C. , Bonnefoy M. , Menard F. , Avenhaus H. , Cheetham A. , Van Boekel R. , de Boer J. , Chauvin G. , Desidera S. , Feldt M. , Galicher R. , Ginski C. , Girard J. H. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Kopytova T. , Kral Q. , Ligi R. , Messina S. , Peretti S. , Pinte C. , Sissa E. , Stolker T. , Zurlo A. , Magnard Y. , Blanchard P. , Buey T. , Suarez M. , Cascone E. , Moller-Nilsson O. , Weber L. , Petit C. , Pragt J.
Published: February 2018

Context. Transition disks are considered sites of ongoing planet formation, and their dust and gas distributions could be signposts of embedded planets. The transition disk around the T Tauri star RY Lup has an inner dust cavity and displays a strong silicate emission feature.

Aims. Using high-resolution imaging we study the disk geometry, including non-axisymmetric features, and its surface dust grain, to gain a better understanding of the disk evolutionary process. Moreover, we search for companion candidates, possibly connected to the disk.

Methods. We obtained high-contrast and high angular resolution data in the near-infrared with the VLT/SPHERE extreme adaptive optics instrument whose goal is to study the planet formation by detecting and characterizing these planets and their formation environments through direct imaging. We performed polarimetric imaging of the RY Lup disk with IRDIS (at 1.6 μm), and obtained intensity images with the IRDIS dual-band imaging camera simultaneously with the IFS spectro-imager (0.9–1.3 μm).

Results. We resolved for the first time the scattered light from the nearly edge-on circumstellar disk around RY Lup, at projected separations in the 100 au range. The shape of the disk and its sharp features are clearly detectable at wavelengths ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 μm. We show that the observed morphology can be interpreted as spiral arms in the disk. This interpretation is supported by in-depth numerical simulations. We also demonstrate that these features can be produced by one planet interacting with the disk. We also detect several point sources which are classified as probable background objects.
Cometary ion dynamics observed in the close vicinity of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko during the intermediate activity period
Authors: Berčič L. , Behar E. , Nilsson H. , Nicolaou G. , Stenberg Wieser G. , Wieser M. , Goetz C.
Published: February 2018

Aims.Cometary ions are constantly produced in the coma, and once produced they are accelerated and eventually escape the coma. We describe and interpret the dynamics of the cometary ion flow, of an intermediate active comet, very close to the nucleus and in the terminator plane.

Methods.We analysed in situ ion and magnetic field measurements, and characterise the velocity distribution functions (mostly using plasma moments). We propose a statistical approach over a period of one month.

Results.On average, two populations were observed, separated in phase space. The motion of the first is governed by its interaction with the solar wind farther upstream, while the second one is accelerated in the inner coma and displays characteristics compatible with an ambipolar electric field. Both populations display a consistent anti-sunward velocity component.

Conclusions.Cometary ions born in different regions of the coma are seen close to the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko with distinct motions governed in one case by the solar wind electric field and in the other case by the position relative to the nucleus. A consistent anti-sunward component is observed for all cometary ions. An asymmetry is found in the average cometary ion density in a solar wind electric field reference frame, with higher density in the negative (south) electric field hemisphere. There is no corresponding signature in the average magnetic field strength.
Aluminium abundances in five discrete stellar populations of the globular cluster NGC 2808
Authors: Carretta Eugenio , Bragaglia Angela , Lucatello Sara , Gratton Raffaele G. , D’Orazi Valentina , Sollima Antonio
Published: February 2018

We observed a sample of 90 red giant branch (RGB) stars in NGC 2808 using FLAMES/GIRAFFE and the high resolution grating with the set-up HR21. These stars have previous accurate atmospheric parameters and abundances of light elements. We derived aluminium abundances for them from the strong doublet Al i 8772–8773 Å as in previous works of our group. In addition, we were able to estimate the relative CN abundances for 89 of the stars from the strength of a large number of CN features. When adding self-consistent abundances from previous UVES spectra analysed by our team, we gathered [Al/Fe] ratios for a total of 108 RGB stars in NGC 2808. The full dataset of proton-capture elements is used to explore in detail the five spectroscopically detected discrete components in this globular cluster. We found that various classes of polluters are required to reproduce (anti)-correlations among all proton-capture elements in the populations P2, I1, and I2 with intermediate composition. This is in agreement with the detection of lithium in lower RGB second generation stars, requiring at least two kind of polluters. For chemically homogeneous populations, the best subdivision of our sample is into six components as derived from statistical cluster analysis. By comparing different diagrams [element/Fe] versus [element/Fe], we show for the first time that a simple dilution model is not able to reproduce all the subpopulations in this cluster. Polluters of different masses are required. NGC 2808 is confirmed to be a tough challenge to any scenario for globular cluster formation.
Comment on “Out-of-plane equilibrium points in the restricted three-body problem with oblateness (Research Note)”
Authors: Wu Nan , Wang Xuefeng , Zhou Li-Yong
Published: February 2018

Douskos & Markellos (2006, A&A, 446, 357) first reported the existence of the out-of-plane equilibrium points in restricted three-body problem with oblateness. This result deviates significantly from the intuitive physical point of view that there is no other force that can balance the combined gravitation in Z direction. In fact, the out-of-plane equilibrium in that model is illusory and we prove here that such equilibrium points arise from the improper application of the potential function.
A new genus and species of the family Pennellidae (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) infecting the Pacific viperfishChauliodus macouni
Authors: Ohtsuka Susumu , Lindsay Dhugal J. , Izawa Kunihiko
Published: February 2018

A new genus and species of pennellid copepod,Protosarcotretes nishikawain. g., n. sp., is described on the basis of an ovigerous female infecting a Pacific viperfishChauliodus macounicollected from the deep-waters of Suruga Bay, Japan. The new genus exhibits the most plesiomorphic states in the first to fourth legs of pennellids, and is differentiated from two closely related pennellid generaSarcotretesandLernaeenicusby the morphology of the oral appendages. Two species of the genusLernaeenicusare transferred to the new genus asProtosarcotretes multilobatus(Lewis, 1959) n. comb. andProtosarcotretes gnavus(Leigh-Sharpe, 1934) n. comb. The host specificity and life cycle of deep-sea pennellids are discussed.Sarcotretes scopeliJungersen, 1911 andCardiodectes bellottii(Richiardi, 1882) show low differentiated host-specificity, whileP. nishikawaiseems to be limited to the Stomiidae, which are rare hosts of pennellids, in contrast to the Myctophidae family. In the Pennellidae family, two patterns of the life cycle are found: with or without naupliar stages.
Erythrocyte Aggregation and Blood Viscosity is Similar in Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease Patients with and without Leg Ulcers
Authors: Duncan Walworth , Pepple D. , Bowers Andre
Published: February 2018

Background There is no consensus regarding the role of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation in the pathogenesis of leg ulcers (LUs) in sickle cell disease (SCD).

Objectives We sought to evaluate whether the cross-sectional determination of RBC aggregation and hematological indices were associated with the presence of LU in homozygous SCD.

Methods Twenty-seven patients with LU and 23 with no history of ulceration were recruited into the study. A laser-assisted rotational red cell analyzer (LoRRca) was used in the determination of the aggregation index (AI), aggregation half-time (t
1/2), and the RBC aggregate strength (AMP). Hematological indices were determined using a CELL-DYN Ruby analyzer. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) and plasma viscosity (PV) were measured using a Vilastic bioprofiler. The data were presented as means ± standard deviation or median, interquartile range. Two-sample t-test was used to test for associations between the AIs, WBV, and PV in patients with and without LU. Statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05. All analyses were conducted using Stata/SE v. 12.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX).

Results The AI was comparable in the group with and without ulcers (68.6, 16.7 versus 67.7, 16.9; p = 0.74); t
1/2 (1.7, 1.3 versus 1.8, 1.3; p = 0.71); AMP (18.8, 14.5 versus 19.1, 13.3; p = 0.84), WBV (3.8, 1.2 versus 3.8, 0.7; p = 0.77); and the PV (1.3, 0.08 versus 1.4, 0.1; p = 0.31) and were also not statistically different between the groups of participants.

Conclusion RBC aggregation and aggregate strength are not associated with leg ulceration in SCD.
Effect of Pregabalin on Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain in Spine Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Mishra Rajeeb K. , Chaturvedi Arvind , Rath Girija P.
Published: February 2018

Background Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid which has been shown to possess analgesic and anxiolytic properties. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of a single dose of pregabalin on postoperative pain and preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Materials and Methods Sixty adults posted for elective lumbar laminectomy and discectomy were randomly assigned to one of the three groups; Group C received placebo capsules, Group PI received pregabalin 150 mg, and Group P2 received pregabalin 300 mg capsules, 2 h prior to induction of anesthesia. The levels of anxiety and pain were assessed with respective 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) score. Postoperative fentanyl consumption and occurrence of side effects were recorded. All patients were observed for 8 h, postoperatively.

Results There was a significant reduction in preoperative anxiety in both pregabalin groups as compared to control group (p = 0.001). VAS score for pain (at rest and during movement) was significantly decreased at all time intervals in both PI and P2 groups as compared to control (p < 0.05). Fentanyl consumption in the postoperative period was significantly reduced in pregabalin groups as compared to control (p = 0.001). The level of sedation was higher in P2 group in the first 4 h (p < 0.05). The occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was more in control group as compared to the pregabalin groups (p = 0.018). The incidence of dizziness and blurring of vision was significantly more in P2 group.

Conclusion Single preoperative dose of pregabalin 150 or 300 mg was effective in reducing preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain and total fentanyl consumption in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy and discectomy. However, the incidence of postoperative side effects such as sedation, dizziness and visual blurring was more in patients who received pregabalin 300 mg.
Pneumocephalus following Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Rare Cause of Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia
Authors: Lamsal Ritesh , Mishra Rajeeb K. , Kumar Niraj
Published: February 2018

Pneumocephalus is an unusual presentation after lumbar spine surgery. We report the case of a young healthy patient, who had delayed emergence from anesthesia after undergoing an uncomplicated lumbar spine surgery. After shifting to the Intensive Care Unit, the patient had an episode of generalized tonic—clonic seizure. Computed tomography scan revealed the presence of pneumocephalus. The patient was managed conservatively, extubated the following day and discharged with no neurological deficits.
Respiratorisches Versagen: Innovationen zur Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Hempel Gunther , Simon Philipp , Salz Peter , Wrigge Hermann
Published: February 2018

Die akute oder chronische respiratorische Insuffizienz hat eine große Bedeutung sowohl in der präklinischen als auch innerklinischen Versorgung. Sie zählt zu den häufigsten Gründen für stationäre Aufnahmen. Dieser Beitrag fasst aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Diagnostik und Therapie des Krankheitsbildes zusammen. Darüber hinaus gibt er einen Ausblick, wie sich die Behandlung in den kommenden Jahren weiterentwickeln könnte.
Phototoxische und photoallergische Reaktionen
Authors: Neumann N. , Schauder S.
Published: February 2018

Basierend auf einer Wechselwirkung zwischen elektromagnetischer Strahlung meist aus dem UV-Bereich mit einem Photosensibilisator kann eine photoallergische oder eine phototoxische Dermatitis ausgelöst werden. Unter dem Begriff „Photosensibilisatoren“ werden sowohl synthetisch hergestellte als auch natürlich vorkommende Substanzen verstanden, die nach vorheriger Exposition mit Strahlung meist aus dem UV-A-Bereich auf der Haut phototoxische oder photoallergische Reaktionen hervorrufen können. Im Allgemeinen werden phototoxische Reaktionen sehr viel häufiger beobachtet als photoallergische Dermatitiden. Zum Nachweis derartiger Photosensibilisatoren dient eine belichtete Variante des herkömmlichen Epikutan-Tests, der sog. Photopatch-Test. Bei einem vermutlich falsch negativen Photopatch-Test-Befund können darüber hinaus der Photoprick-, Photoscratch- oder der belichtete Intrakutan-Test herangezogen werden. Ist jedoch erst ein Metabolit einer Testsubstanz der eigentliche Photosensibilisator, dann kommt noch die systemische Photoprovokation als Nachweisverfahren infrage. Da im Einzelfall phototoxische von photoallergischen Testreaktionen klinisch nur schwer abzugrenzen sind, können typische Reaktionsmuster, die im Rahmen von sehr umfangreichen Studien eruiert wurden, bei der Differenzierung zwischen phototoxischen und photoallergischen Dermatitiden hilfreich sein.
G-EYE advanced colonoscopy for improved polyp detection rates – a randomized tandem pilot study with different endoscopists
Authors: Dümcke Sebastian , Haschemi Jafer , Tresch Achim , Borger Dietmar , Kirchner Ann-Christin , Teubner Daniel , Kiesslich Ralf , Hoffman Arthur , Rey Johannes Wilhelm
Published: February 2018

Background and aims The most commonly missed polyps in colonoscopy are those located behind haustral folds. The G-EYE system is a standard colonoscope consisting of re-processable balloon at its distal tip. The G-EYE balloon improves the detection of polyps by straightening the haustral folds. In our back-to-back tandem study, we aimed to determine whether and to what extent the G-EYE system could reduce adenoma miss rates in screening colonoscopy.

Methods Patients referred to colonoscopy were randomized into 2 groups. Group A underwent a standard colonoscopy (SC) followed by balloon colonoscopy (BC), and Group B underwent BC followed by SC. In this randomized tandem study, the investigator’s level of training and the endoscopists themselves were changed after each withdrawal. Each endoscopist was blinded to the results of the first withdrawal.

Results Fifty-eight patients were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups with similar baseline characteristics. Nine patients were excluded from the study. Twenty-five patients underwent SC followed by BC while 24 underwent BC followed by SC. The adenoma miss rate for SC was 41 %, with an additional detection rate of 69 % for BC (ratio 1.69). The overall miss rate for polyps was 60 % for SC, with an additional detection rate of 150 % for BC (ratio 2.5). Experienced investigators who used BC were able to identify an additional 7 polyps while inexperienced investigators.

Conclusions Although our results could not clearly confirm that BC improves adenoma detection, the investigator’s experience appears to be a major determinant of the adenoma detection rate.
The Manchester Triage System (MTS): a score for emergency management of patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Cornelius Constantin , Hoffman Arthur , Tresch Achim , Krey Joerg , Kiesslich Ralf , Galle Peter Robert , Rey Johannes Wilhelm , Nguyen-Tat Marc
Published: February 2018

Background Suspected gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common initial diagnosis in emergency departments. Despite existing endoscopic scores to estimate the risk of GI bleeding, the primary clinical assessment of urgency can remain challenging. The 5-step Manchester Triage System (MTS) is a validated score that is often applied for the initial assessment of patients presenting in emergency departments.

Methods All computer-based records of patients who were admitted between January 2014 and December 2014 to our emergency department in a tertiary referral hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The aim of our retrospective analysis was to determine if patient triage using the MTS is associated with rates of endoscopy and with presence of active GI bleeding.

Results In summary, 5689 patients with a GI condition were treated at our emergency department. Two hundred eighty-four patients (4.9 %) presented with suspected GI bleeding, and 165 patients (58 %) received endoscopic diagnostic. Endoscopic intervention for hemostasis was needed in 34 patients (21 %). In patients who underwent emergency endoscopy, triage into MTS categories with higher urgency was associated with higher rates of endoscopic confirmation of suspected GI bleeding (79 % of patients with MTS priority levels 1 or 2, 53 % in level 3 patients, and 40 % in levels 4 or 5 patients; p = 0.024).

Conclusions The MTS is an established tool for triage in emergency departments and could have a potential to guide early clinical decision-making with regards to urgency of endoscopic evaluation in patients with suspected GI bleeding.
Dynamic slip of polydisperse linear polymers using partitioned plate
Authors: Ebrahimi Marzieh , Konaganti Vinod Kumar , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G.
Published: February 2018

The slip velocity of an industrial grade high molecular weight high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is studied in steady and dynamic shear experiments using a stress/strain controlled rotational rheometer equipped with a parallel partitioned plate geometry. Moreover, fluoroalkyl silane-based coating is used to understand the effect of surface energy on slip in steady and dynamic conditions. The multimode integral Kaye-Bernstein-Kearsley-Zapas constitutive model is applied to predict the transient shear response of the HDPE melt obtained from rotational rheometer. It is found that a dynamic slip model with a slip relaxation time is needed to adequately predict the experimental data at large shear deformations. Comparison of the results before and after coating shows that the slip velocity is largely affected by surface energy. Decreasing surface energy by coating increases slip velocity and decreases the slip relaxation time.
Effects of plasma pretreatment on the process of self-forming Cu–Mn alloy barriers for Cu interconnects
Authors: Park Jae-Hyung , Han Dong-Suk , Kim Kyoung-Deok , Park Jong-Wan
Published: February 2018

This study investigated the effect of plasma pretreatment on the process of a self-forming Cu–Mn alloy barrier on porous low-k dielectrics. To study the effects of plasma on the performance of a self-formed Mn-based barrier, low-k dielectrics were pretreated with H2 plasma or NH3 plasma. Cu–Mn alloy materials on low-k substrates that were subject to pretreatment with H2 plasma exhibited lower electrical resistivity values and the formation of thicker Mn-based interlayers than those on low-k substrates that were subject to pretreatment with NH3 plasma. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal stability analyses demonstrated the exceptional performance of the Mn-based interlayer on plasma-pretreated low-k substrates with regard to thickness, chemical composition, and reliability. Plasma treating with H2 gas formed hydrophilic Si–OH bonds on the surface of the low-k layer, resulting in Mn-based interlayers with greater thickness after annealing. However, additional moisture uptake was induced on the surface of the low-k dielectric, degrading electrical reliability. By contrast, plasma treating with NH3 gas was less effective with regard to forming a Mn-based interlayer, but produced a Si–N/C–N layer on the low-k surface, yielding improved barrier characteristics.
Stochastic higher spin six vertex model and Macdonald measures
Authors: Borodin Alexei
Published: February 2018

We prove an identity that relates the q-Laplace transform of the height function of a (higher spin inhomogeneous) stochastic six vertex model in a quadrant on one side and a multiplicative functional of a Macdonald measure on the other. The identity is used to prove the GUE Tracy-Widom asymptotics for two instances of the stochastic six vertex model via asymptotic analysis of the corresponding Schur measures.
Note: An atomic self-sustaining magnetic gradiometer with a 1/τ uncertainty property based on Larmor precession
Authors: Fan B. L. , Wang S. G. , Xu C. , Wang L. J.
Published: February 2018

We demonstrate an atomic magnetic gradiometer based on self-sustaining Larmor precession. By coherent optical pumping, we measure the phase of the Larmor precession directly and observe that the gradiometer shows a 1/τ improvement in magnetic field gradient uncertainty over time τ. Since the measurement gives frequency signals, the gradiometer can be easily implemented by mixing and filtering the different frequency signals from two adjacent magnetometers. A gradient sensitivity of 186 fT/Hz/cm−1) is realized, which is close to the shot-noise limit. In a noisy environment, the gradiometer can still maintain its 1/τ behavior by suppressing 90% of the common-mode noise. This method should be widely applicable to the measurement of magnetic field gradients owing to its simplicity and outstanding performance.
The pitfalls of empirical fitting of glass relaxation data with stretched exponents
Authors: Atzmon M.
Published: February 2018

A stretched exponent is commonly used to fit experimental relaxation data for glasses, which typically exhibit a range of time constants. While it has been supported by theory for various processes, mostly near and above the glass transition temperature, Tg, it is also commonly used in phenomenological fits below Tg without a mechanistic model. The properties of the stretched exponent, and sample data for the enthalpy release and dynamic-mechanical response of metallic glasses, are used to show that in the absence of a mechanistic model, stretched-exponent fits easily lead to artifacts and flawed conclusions.
Propagator for symmetric double delta potential using path decomposition method
Authors: Laissaoui Aïda , Chetouani Lyazid
Published: February 2018

Using the method of path decomposition, the space-time propagator for the one-dimensional symmetric double delta potential is determined and tested on the limiting cases a → 0 (single delta) and β → ∞ (infinite square well), which are exactly obtained.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for study of electronic structure in disordered organic semiconductors—Possibilities and limitations
Authors: Schauer F. , Nádaždy V. , Gmucová K.
Published: February 2018

There is potential in applying conjugated polymers in novel organic optoelectronic devices, where a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental processes and energetics involved during transport and recombination is still lacking, limiting further device optimization. The electronic transport modeling and its optimization need the energy distribution of transport and defect states, expressed by the energy distribution of the Density of States (DOS) function, as input/comparative parameters. We present the Energy Resolved-Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (ER-EIS) method for the study of transport and defect electronic states in organic materials. The method allows mapping over unprecedentedly wide energy and DOS ranges. The ER-EIS spectroscopic method is based on the small signal interaction between the surface of the organic film and the liquid electrolyte containing reduction-oxidation (redox) species, which is similar to the extraction of an electron by an acceptor and capture of an electron by a donor at a semiconductor surface. The desired DOS of electronic transport and defect states can be derived directly from the measured redox response signal to the small voltage perturbation at the instantaneous position of the Fermi energy, given by the externally applied voltage. The theory of the ER-EIS method and conditions for its validity for solid polymers are presented in detail. We choose four case studies on poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and poly[methyl(phenyl)silane] to show the possibilities of the method to investigate the electronic structure expressed by DOS of polymers with a high resolution of about 6 orders of magnitude and in a wide energy range of 6 eV.
Generalization of Weyl realization to a class of Lie superalgebras
Authors: Meljanac Stjepan , Krešić-Jurić Saša , Pikutić Danijel
Published: February 2018

This paper generalizes Weyl realization to a class of Lie superalgebras g=g0⊕g1 satisfying [g1,g1]={0}. First, we present a novel proof of the Weyl realization of a Lie algebra g0 by deriving a functional equation for the function that defines the realization. We show that this equation has a unique solution given by the generating function for the Bernoulli numbers. This method is then generalized to Lie superalgebras of the above type.
Soliton solutions to the fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equation and their applications to surface and internal water waves
Authors: Khusnutdinova K. R. , Stepanyants Y. A. , Tranter M. R.
Published: February 2018

We study solitary wave solutions of the fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equation which contains, besides the traditional quadratic nonlinearity and third-order dispersion, additional terms including cubic nonlinearity and fifth order linear dispersion, as well as two nonlinear dispersive terms. An exact solitary wave solution to this equation is derived, and the dependence of its amplitude, width, and speed on the parameters of the governing equation is studied. It is shown that the derived solution can represent either an embedded or regular soliton depending on the equation parameters. The nonlinear dispersive terms can drastically influence the existence of solitary waves, their nature (regular or embedded), profile, polarity, and stability with respect to small perturbations. We show, in particular, that in some cases embedded solitons can be stable even with respect to interactions with regular solitons. The results obtained are applicable to surface and internal waves in fluids, as well as to waves in other media (plasma, solid waveguides, elastic media with microstructure, etc.).
Nanobubbles in confined solution: Generation, contact angle, and stability
Authors: Wei Jiachen , Zhang Xianren , Song Fan , Shao Yingfeng
Published: February 2018

The formation of gas bubbles presents a frequent challenge to microfluidic operations, for which fluids are geometrically confined to a microscale space. Here, to understand the mechanism of nucleating gas bubbles in microfluidic devices, we investigate the formation and stability of nanobubbles in confined solutions. Our molecular dynamics simulations show that while pinning of the contact line is a prerequisite for the stability of surface nanobubbles in open systems that can exchange gas with surrounding environment, in confined solutions, stable nanobubbles can exist even without pinning. In supersaturated condition, stable bubbles can be found in confined solutions with acute or obtuse contact angle, depending on the substrate hydrophobicity. We also demonstrate that when open to the bulk solution, the stable nanobubbles in closed systems would become unstable unless both supersaturation and pinning of the contact line are satisfied. Our results not only shed light on the design of novel heterogeneous surfaces for generating nanobubbles in confined space with controllable shape and stability but also address the crucial effect of gas exchange with the surroundings in determining the stability of nanobubbles.
Efficient photoconductive terahertz detector with all-dielectric optical
metasurface
Authors: Mitrofanov Oleg , Siday Thomas , Thompson Robert J. , Luk Ting Shan , Brener Igal , Reno John L.
Published: February 2018

We designed an optically thin photoconductive channel as an all-dielectric metasurface comprising an array of low-temperature grown GaAs nanobeams and a sub-surface distributed Bragg reflector. The metasurface exhibited enhanced optical absorption, and it was integrated into a photoconductive THz detector, which showed high efficiency and sensitivity as a result. The detector produced photocurrents over one order of magnitude higher compared to a similar detector with an unstructured surface with only 0.5 mW of optical excitation while exhibiting high dark resistance required for low-noise detection in THz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging. At that level of optical excitation, the metasurface detector showed a high signal to noise ratio of 106. The detector showed saturation above that level.
Mobility and settling rate of agglomerates of polydisperse nanoparticles
Authors: Spyrogianni Anastasia , Karadima Katerina S. , Goudeli Eirini , Mavrantzas Vlasis G. , Pratsinis Sotiris E.
Published: February 2018

Agglomerate settling impacts nanotoxicology and nanomedicine as well as the stability of engineered nanofluids. Here, the mobility of nanostructured fractal-like SiO2 agglomerates in water is investigated and their settling rate in infinitely dilute suspensions is calculated by a Brownian dynamics algorithm tracking the agglomerate translational and rotational motion. The corresponding friction matrices are obtained using the HYDRO++ algorithm [J. G. de la Torre, G. del Rio Echenique, and A. Ortega, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 955 (2007)] from the Kirkwood-Riseman theory accounting for hydrodynamic interactions of primary particles (PPs) through the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa tensor, properly modified for polydisperse PPs. Agglomerates are generated by an event-driven method and have constant mass fractal dimension but varying PP size distribution, mass, and relative shape anisotropy. The calculated diffusion coefficient from HYDRO++ is used to obtain the agglomerate mobility diameter dm and is compared with that from scaling laws for fractal-like agglomerates. The ratio dm/dg of the mobility diameter to the gyration diameter of the agglomerate decreases with increasing relative shape anisotropy. For constant dm and mean dp, the agglomerate settling rate, us, increases with increasing PP geometric standard deviation σp,g (polydispersity). A linear relationship between us and agglomerate mass to dm ratio, m/dm, is revealed and attributed to the fast Brownian rotation of such small and light nanoparticle agglomerates. An analytical expression for the us of agglomerates consisting of polydisperse PPs is then derived, us=1−ρfρpg3πμmdm (ρf is the density of the fluid, ρp is the density of PPs, μ is the viscosity of the fluid, and g is the acceleration of gravity), valid for agglomerates for which the characteristic rotational time is considerably shorter than their settling time. Our calculations demonstrate that the commonly made assumption of monodisperse PPs underestimates us by a fraction depending on σp,g and agglomerate mass mobility exponent. Simulations are in excellent agreement with deposition rate measurements of fumed SiO2 agglomerates in water.
Investigation of the cylindrical vacuum hohlraum energy in the first implosion experiment at the SGIII laser facility
Authors: Zhang Huasen , Jiang Wei , Ge Fengjun , Song Peng , Zou Shiyang , Huang Tianxuan , Li Sanwei , Yang Dong , Li Zhichao , Hou Lifei , Guo Liang , Che Xingsen , Du Huabing , Xie Xufei , He Xiaoan , Li Chaoguang , Zha Weiyi , Xu Tao , Liu Yonggang , Wei Huiyue , Liu Xiangming , Chen Zhongjing , Zhang Xing , Yan Ji , Pu Yudong , Peng Xiaoshi , Li Yulong , Gu Peijun , Zheng Wudi , Liu Jie , Ding Yongkun , Zhu Shaoping
Published: February 2018

The cylindrical vacuum hohlraum energy at the SGIII laser facility [X. T. He and W. Y. Zhang, Eur. Phys. J. D 44, 227 (2007) and W. Zheng et al., High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 4, e21 (2016)] is investigated for the first time. The hohlraum size and the laser energy are intermediate between the Nova and NIF typical hohlraum experiments. It is found that the SGIII hohlraum exhibits an x-ray conversion efficiency of about 85%, which is more close to that of the NIF hohlraum. The LARED simulations of the SGIII hohlraum underestimate about 15% of the radiation flux measured from the laser entrance hole, while the capsule radiation drive inferred from the x-ray bangtime is roughly consistent with the experiments. The underestimation of the SGIII hohlraum radiation flux is mainly caused by the more enclosed laser entrance hole in the LARED simulation. The comparison between the SGIII and NIF hohlraum simulations by LARED indicates that the LARED generally underestimates the measured radiation flux by 15% for the high x-ray conversion efficiency hohlraums, while it can roughly predict the capsule radiation drive inside the hohlraum.
Temperature anisotropy instabilities stimulated by the interplay of the core and halo electrons in space plasmas
Authors: Lazar M. , Shaaban S. M. , Fichtner H. , Poedts S.
Published: February 2018

Two central components are revealed by electron velocity distributions measured in space plasmas, a thermal bi-Maxwellian core and a bi-Kappa suprathermal halo. A new kinetic approach is proposed to characterize the temperature anisotropy instabilities driven by the interplay of core and halo electrons. Suggested by the observations in the solar wind, direct correlations of these two populations are introduced as co-variations of the key parameters, e.g., densities, temperature anisotropies, and (parallel) plasma betas. The approach involving correlations enables the instability characterization in terms of either the core or halo parameters and a comparative analysis to depict mutual effects. In the present paper, the instability conditions are described for an extended range of plasma beta parameters, making the new dual approach relevant for a wide variety of space plasmas, including the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres.
Note: Narrow x-ray reflections are easier to locate with sandpaper
Authors: Pereira N. R. , Macrander A. T.
Published: February 2018

Synchrotrons can provide almost perfectly unidirectional and monochromatic x-rays. Such x-rays reflect from ideal crystals only over a minute part of the angular range that must be searched for the reflection. Spoiling the incoming x-rays’ directionality with sandpaper makes it easier to find the reflection.
Taxonomic revision and insights into the speciation mode of the spider Dysdera erythrina species-complex (Araneae : Dysderidae): sibling species with sympatric distributions
Authors: Řezáč Milan , Arnedo Miquel A. , Opatova Vera , Musilová Jana , Řezáčová Veronika , Král Jiří
Published: February 2018

The genus Dysdera Latreille, 1804, a species-rich group of spiders that includes specialised predators of woodlice, contains several complexes of morphologically similar sibling species. Here we investigate species limits in the D. erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802) complex by integrating phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular data, and use this information to gain further knowledge on its origin and evolution. We describe 16 new species and redescribe four poorly known species belonging to this clade. The distribution of most of the species in the complex is limited to southern France and the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The species studied do not show any obvious differences in habitat preference, and some of them even occur sympatrically at certain sites. They probably feed on the same type of prey as they readily capture woodlice. On the other hand, they differ in body size, mouthparts shape, sculpturing of carapace, morphology of the copulatory organs, karyotype and DNA sequences. Experimental interspecific mating showed a partial precopulatory behavioural barrier between D. erythrina and D. cechica, sp. nov. Our data suggest that karyotype evolution of the complex included chromosome fusions and fissions as well as translocations (between autosomes as well as autosomes and sex chromosomes). We hypothesise that chromosome rearrangements generating reproductive incompatibility played a primary role in speciation within Dysdera complexes. Dysdera spiders are poor dispersers, and their original distribution areas (forested areas in the Mediterranean) were repeatedly fragmented during Quarternary climatic oscillations, facilitating integration of chromosome rearrangements into karyotypes by genetic drift. Sympatric occurrence of closely related species may have been promoted by prey segregation as suggested by differentiation in body size in co-occurring species. The following new species are described: D. catalonica, sp. nov., D. cechica, D. dolanskyi, sp. nov., D. fabrorum, sp. nov., D. garrafensis, sp. nov., D. graia, sp. nov., D. kropfi, sp. nov., D. minairo, sp. nov., D. portsensis, sp. nov., D. pradesensis, sp. nov., D. pyrenaica, sp. nov., D. quindecima, sp. nov., D. septima, sp. nov., D. stahlavskyi, sp. nov., D. tredecima, sp. nov. and D. undecima, sp. nov.
Morphological and mitochondrial DNA data reshuffle the taxonomy of the genera Atopochetus Attems, Litostrophus Chamberlin and Tonkinbolus Verhoeff (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae), with descriptions of nine new species
Authors: Pimvichai Piyatida , Enghoff Henrik , Panha Somsak , Backeljau Thierry
Published: February 2018

Species-level taxonomy and phylogeny of two genera of South-East (SE) Asian pachybolid millipedes are analysed with a combination of morphological characters and DNA sequences (two mitochondrial gene fragments: COI and 16S rRNA). Strong support is found for the genera Litostrophus Chamberlin, 1921 and Atopochetus Attems, 1953 and for a clade consisting of Litostrophus + Atopochetus. Four species of Litostrophus are recognised and (re)described: L. segregatus Chamberlin, 1921 (type species of the genus), L. scaber (Verhoeff, 1938), comb. nov., L. chamaeleon, sp. nov. and L. saraburensis, sp. nov. The genus Tonkinbolus Verhoeff, 1938 (type species T. scaber Verhoeff, 1938) is synonymised under Litostrophus. Atopochetus (type species A. rubropunctatus Attems, 1953), hitherto considered a dubious synonym of Aulacobolus Pocock, 1903, is re-instated for several species until now placed in Tonkinbolus and seven new species. All in all, 10 species of Atopochetus are (re)described: A. dollfusii (Pocock, 1893) (= Aulacobolus rubropunctatus Attems, 1938, syn. nov.), A. moulmeinensis (Pocock, 1893), A. sumatranus (Carl, 1906) (= Trachelomegalus laciniatus Attems, 1937, syn. nov.), A. anaticeps, sp. nov., A. helix, sp. nov., A. setiferus, sp. nov., A. spinimargo, sp. nov., A. truncatus, sp. nov., A. uncinatus, sp. nov. and A. weseneri, sp. nov. Three species recently included in Tonkinbolus are left incertae sedis because they are based exclusively on female type specimens: Spirobolus capucinus Porat, 1896, S. caudulanus Karsch, 1881 and S. macrurus Pocock, 1893. The results of the DNA analysis (COI and 16S rRNA) are congruent with morphological (gonopodal) characters in terms of delimitation of species of Litostrophus and Atopochetus. This is the first DNA study of SE Asian Pachybolidae and as such it provides a basis for further evolutionary and biogeographic studies of SE Asian millipedes.
Efficient derivation of stable primed pluripotent embryonic stem cells from bovine blastocysts
Authors: Bogliotti Yanina Soledad , Wu Jun , Vilarino Marcela , Okamura Daiji , Soto Delia Alba , Zhong Cuiqing , Sakurai Masahiro , Sampaio Rafael Vilar , Suzuki Keiichiro , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Ross Pablo Juan
Published: February 2018

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation blastocysts. From agricultural and biomedical perspectives, the derivation of stable ESCs from domestic ungulates is important for genomic testing and selection, genome engineering, and modeling human diseases. Cattle are one of the most important domestic ungulates that are commonly used for food and bioreactors. To date, however, it remains a challenge to produce stable pluripotent bovine ESC lines. Employing a culture system containing fibroblast growth factor 2 and an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway, we derived pluripotent bovine ESCs (bESCs) with stable morphology, transcriptome, karyotype, population-doubling time, pluripotency marker gene expression, and epigenetic features. Under this condition bESC lines were efficiently derived (100% in optimal conditions), were established quickly (3–4 wk), and were simple to propagate (by trypsin treatment). When used as donors for nuclear transfer, bESCs produced normal blastocyst rates, thereby opening the possibility for genomic selection, genome editing, and production of cattle with high genetic value.
Azo compounds as a family of organic electrode materials for alkali-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Chao , Borodin Oleg , Ji Xiao , Hou Singyuk , Gaskell Karen J. , Fan Xiulin , Chen Ji , Deng Tao , Wang Ruixing , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Chunsheng
Published: February 2018

Significance

Organic electrode materials are promising for green and sustainable secondary batteries due to the light weight, abundance, low cost, sustainability, and recyclability of organic materials. However, the traditional organic electrodes suffer from poor cycle stability and low power density. Here, we report a family of organic electrode materials containing azo functional groups for alkali-ion batteries. The azo compound, azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid lithium salt, exhibits superior electrochemical performance in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, in terms of long cycle life and high rate capability. The mechanism study demonstrates that the azo group can reversibly react with Li ions during charge/discharge cycles. Therefore, this work offers opportunities for developing stable and high-rate alkali-ion batteries.
wine min Unferð
Authors: Williams Graham
Published: February 2018

This paper argues for a reconsideration of the pragmatics ofBeowulf, specifically in relation to speech in what is known as the “Unferð Episode”, and more generally in terms of the poem’s placement in the ethnopragmatic history of English. Previous critics have almost unanimously read sarcasm into Beowulf’s treatment of the initially hostile Unferð (e.g., in his address to the latter aswine min, ‘my friend’), and in turn historical pragmaticists have discussed the poem in relation to Germanic insult-boasts, or flyting. By discussing the relevant contextual and co-textual frames, I show that previous interpretations along these lines have failed to recognize the import of Beowulf’s courtly speech.
The influence of Italian manners on politeness in England, 1550–1620
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan
Published: February 2018

This paper focuses on the influence of Italian conduct manuals, as translated into English, in the second half of the sixteenth century and early seventeenth century. I approach this task in two ways. One is to trace the rise of the termmanners, and also to examine the words with which it typically cohabited, thus giving a sense of the discourses of which it was a part. The analysis reveals a dramatic rise in usage of the term in the period 1550–1624, and its role in discourses to do with social regulation, negative evaluation and moralizing. The other is to undertake a detailed comparison of Della Casa’sGalateoand, in particular,Brown and Levinson (1987). The major finding here is the close similarity between the two. Along the way, the paper also airs some theoretical distinctions relating to notions of politeness, notably the distinction between first- and second-order politeness, and touches on some of the features of the social context of Early Modern England.
Discursive (re)construction of “witchcraft” as a community and “witch” as an identity in the eighteenth-century Hungarian witchcraft trial records
Authors: Petykó Márton
Published: February 2018

This paper provides a qualitative historical (socio)pragmatic analysis of records of three eighteenth-century Hungarian witchcraft trials using a socio-cognitive model of discursive community and identity construction. I aim to describe how the general social and legal context of witchcraft became situated and interpreted in the actual witchcraft trial records from the delegated officials’ perspective. I argue that in the analysed records, the officials did not simply apply a codified definition of “witchcraft”, but they discursively (re)constructed “witchcraft” as a community and “witch” as the defendants’ identity. Thus, from the officials’ perspective, discursive community and identity construction established a relationship between the general context of witchcraft and the actual witchcraft trials. In order to reconstruct this process, I investigate the linguistic constructs by which the delegated officials actively created “witchcraft” and the defendants’ “witch” identity as mental constructs.
Meaning-making practices in the history of medical English
Authors: Taavitsainen Irma
Published: February 2018

Genres work through conventions of communicative patterns. Variation in them is related to sociolinguistic parameters of writers and readers as well as situational and contextual factors, including culture. Conventions of writing change slowly and there are elements that remain constant throughout centuries but acquire new connotations. I shall first discuss genre theories and methods of studies at the interface between language and literature, and then provide a case study. The top genre of scholastic research was the commentary with a distinct genre structure. It was first introduced in Middle English in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and became established in Early Modern English, as my examples will show. The transition period is particularly intriguing as the old thought style began to give way to new ideas, and observation proved inherited wisdom erroneous. Commentaries had an afterlife in spurious writings, providing an empirical example of genre dynamics and proving the usefulness of the notion of genre script as applied in this case study.1