bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Iterated Local Search Algorithm for Fuel Consumption Optimization of Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Wu Xu Dong
Published: January 2012

The iterated local search algorithm has been widely used in combinatorial optimization problems. A new fuel consumption objective for the vehicle routing problems was presented in this paper. A fuel consumption modal of the vehicle load is introduced and an improved iterated local search algorithm is used for the problem. An initial solution is generated by the Solomon I1 algorithm, and then the iterated local search algorithm is proposed for the fuel consumption optimization.
Removal of C. I. Reactive Red 2 from Aqueous Solution by Ni-Al Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Zhang Li Fang
Published: January 2012

In this study, the adsorption of C. I. Reactive Red 2 from aqueous solution on Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of Ni-Al molar ratio, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration on adsorption of the dye was carried out. The results showed that Ni-Al layered double hydroxide had higher capacity of removal of the dye. Ni-Al LDH with Ni-Al molar ratio of 3 exhibited the maximum dye removal at pH 4.0. Adsorption capacity of dye increased with increasing temperature or initial dye concentration. It was found that the adsorption equilibrium data followed the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir equation at temperature of 30°C was 333.3mg/g (R2=0.991) for the dye.
High-Precision Monitoring and Controlling System of Temperature and Humidity Based on CAN Bus
Authors: Huang Zhi Huang , Lin Jun , Lv Dan
Published: January 2012

The design principles and implementation of a high-precision temperature and humidity’s monitoring and controlling system is introduced in this paper. The data acquisition and transmission of temperature and humidity node in distributed network is realized by the effective use of high-precision temperature and humidity sensor and CAN-bus. Then the principle experiments are carried out, which indicates that the system overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional temperature and humidity monitoring system, such like low transmission rate and poor real-time service, improve the accuracy of the system acquisition and meets increasingly stringent project monitoring and control applications.
Influence of Cooling Intensity on Residual Stress State of TIG Dressing Zone for T-Joint Welded Toe
Authors: Zhou Kun , Shi Chun Yuan , Jin Cheng
Published: January 2012

Using finite element method, the residual stress distribution of the TIG dressed welded toe followed by spray treatment with different cooling intensity was calculated. And the residual stresses of welded toe were also measured by using the blind-hole method. The results indicate that with the increase of cooling intensity, the longitudinal residual stresses in welded toe are gradually transited from tensile residual stresses to compressive ones, and there is no significant change for transverse residual stresses, and the depth of compressive stress layer increases at the welded toe region.
Study on Machining Error of Globoidal Cam Profile Resulting from Motion Error of Machine Tool in Machining
Authors: Bu Fan Hua , Zhang Yue Ming , Shang De Guang
Published: January 2012

The profile error of a globoidal cam resulting from motion errors of two coordinated rotational axes of a machine tool in machining is studied. A novel method of solving profile error is presented. According to this method, the minimum distance from a point on the profile actually machined to the desired profile is referred to as the profile error. Then, the mathematic model of profile error resulting from the motion errors of the machine tool is built. After that, the type TC40 globoidal cam is employed as an example to analyze the machining error. The linear influence coefficients of the motion errors of the two coordinated rotational axes on the profile error are determined. The maximum value of the machining errors resulting from the motion errors of the two rotational axes of machine tool is yielded. A novel method of improving the velocity of solving the maximum value by using the linear influence coefficient is presented. At last, an isogram is introduced to analyze the influence of the motion errors of the two coordinated rotational axes of the machine tool on the globoidal cam profile error.
Some Research on Non-Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem - An Example to Plane De-Icing Operation
Authors: Li Bing , Jiang Gui Song , Su Dan , Fu Xin Yue
Published: January 2012

Under the context of deicing in the airport, and in order to solve a kind of Non-identical Parallel Multi-machine Schedule Problem for minimizing the number of passengers delayed, an ant colony algorithm was proposed. Considering the characteristic of scheduling model and its constraints, an improved pheromone update strategy was developed by deploying different parameters. Simulation was made for proving the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the sensitivity analysis was conducted. Besides, the improved ant colony algorithm was compared further with FIFO algorithm used in realistic backgrounds. In all, the result indicated that the improving ant colony algorithm was valid, and it can fit for large-scale non-identical parallel Multi-machine scheduling problem.
Material Selection of the Four Main Pipelines for 1000mW Ultra Supercritical Unit
Authors: Li Zhong Min , Li Zhi , Guo Jun
Published: January 2012

The power plant boiler mainly constitutes of pipelines for the main steam, hot sections of the reheated steam, cold sections of the reheated steam and the high pressure feed water. Material selection of the four main pipelines will have a marked effect on the security and economy of the power plant operation. The main steam pressure of the 1000MW ultra supercritical unit in Tianjin SDIC Jinneng Electric Power CO.LTD is 27.56MPa, and the main steam temperature is 605°C. It puts forward the high mechanical performance and high temperature performance of the four main pipelines. The thermal stress, coefficient of the heat expansion, operation reliability and the economy, and the compositions of the four main pipelines material selection should be taken into account when demonstration is processed.
Finite Element Analysis, Simulation and Experimental Investigation for Epoxy Laminated Lattice Structure Embedded with SMA Wires
Authors: Tirmizi Syed Ahmed Ali , Shen Xing
Published: January 2012

The simulation analysis for deflection angle of an epoxy laminated lattice structure embedded with varied number of SMA wires with increasing temperature is carried out by using commercial FEM software Ansys. The actual bending behavior of laminated lattice structures is discussed and compared with simulation results. The comparison results obtained in this paper can be used for practical applications of thermo mechanical behavior of laminated SMA actuators.
A Reliability Data Analysis Method Using Mixture Weibull Distribution Model
Authors: Gu Ying Kui , Ge De Liang , Xiong Yao Gang
Published: January 2012

The weibull distribution plays a crucial role in reliability theory and life-testing experiments. Weibull mixtures are widely used to model lifetime and failure time data, since they exhibit a wide range of shapes for the failure rate function. In this paper, the failure data of crank rod system was analyzed by using mixture weibull distribution model. The distribution parameters of the mixture weibull distribution model were estimated by using maximum likelihood estimation and drawing method. The comparison of fitting degree of failure location between standard weibull distribution model and mixture weibull model was given. Results show that the fitting degree of the failure data in the mixture weibull distribution model is higher than that of the simple weibull distribution model, and it can more accurately described the failure distribution curve of the system in life cycle.
Emissivity Calibration and Temperature Measurement of High Strength Steel Sheet in Hot Stamping Process
Authors: Li Hong Qing , Zhang Yi Sheng , Wang Liang , Tian Xiao Wei , Wang Chao , Zhu Bin
Published: January 2012

In order to meet the requirements of improving hot stamping process, the temperature distribution of high strength steel (HSS) sheets should be observed. However, the accurate measurement of temperature field in transfer where the temperature falls rapidly proves to be difficult due to the limitation of thermocouple. The infrared thermography could be used for accurate measurement of temperature field but the emissivity which is crucial to the accuracy and reliability of measurement results is not available. In this paper, a method to calibrate emissivity of HSS blank was developed for temperature measurement in hot stamping using infrared thermography. Experiments were performed on the emissivity calibration of the HSS Advanced 1500 in hot stamping. Emissivity dependence on temperature was investigated, so was the impact of little variation in emissivity on the temperature measurement. The validation tests were made and the results reveal that this calibration method of emissivity is accurate and feasible. This method is also appropriate for the calibration of emissivity in other temperature measurement situations.
Kinematic-Dynamic Modeling and Test Control of Tracked Drive Vehicle for Indoor Mapping
Authors: Bin Khalid Hasnan , Luhur Budi Saesar
Published: January 2012

This paper presents one approach in designing and testing an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for indoor mapping. The approach makes use of computer real-time simulation and animation direct with the testing in real environment. Novel control architecture was proposed, by exploit the communication between two laptop installed Matlab/Simulink and telemetry data collected from it. The parameter values between real performance and model can be easily evaluated and also from its ladar scanning result, then researcher can explore more variation of modeling aspect, parameter and sensor-actuator configuration to enhance performance of their indoor unmanned vehicle
Wind/PV Hybrid Energy System Matching Design Based on Backward Inference
Authors: Zhao Feng , Liu Xin Hui , Liu Hao , Zhang Fei , Weng Xiao Hui
Published: January 2012

This paper proposes a wind/PV hybrid energy system matching design method, which is based on backward inference. According to the method, the system can be matched based on the users’ need of energy combined with the local weather conditions and the total cost of the system devices is the smallest. Meanwhile, engineers and designers can work out the power from solar battery and wind turbine which meets the users’ need most economically. The paper uses the concept of “efficient time” which means the time it needs to generate the acquired energy when the generator works in its full power. Based on the users’ need, the power of solar battery and wind turbine can be calculated. What is more, combined with the local latitude and longitude, the best proportion for each kind of energy can be worked out. We take Changchun city of China as an example. It is showed in the result that the backward-inference method is more suitable to the users’ need and we evaluated it by the HOMER program [1], the result proves it is feasible. Also, the result of the method can be used as the input data of the HOMER program for designers and engineers to enhance the accuracy as well as to cut down the design difficulty. In the end, using the theory, our team has developed a system for the Wind/PV hybrid system matching design.
CSCW Based Dental Clinic Image & Video Signal Processing
Authors: Lu Xiao Lin
Published: January 2012

The collaborative system for medical image and video analysis used via Internet provides convenience and efficiencies for dental clinic. The CSCW based dental clinic image & video signal processing technology can provide doctors located in different hospitals to achieve a cooperative diagnosis through the dental images tools, telemedicine, and electronic patient records (EPR) and video-conference. It would have very important application value and practical prospect in dental clinic healthcare processing and bring great benefits to small and medium dental clinical healthcare organizations.
Theoretical Analysis of Meniscus Forces between Two Spherical Nanoparticles at Various Humidities
Authors: Wang Le Feng , Guo Bin , Rong Wei Bin , Sun Li Ning
Published: January 2012

The meniscus force between nanoobjects with a mediated liquid bridge plays an important role in many applications due to scale effects. As an typical configuration, the meniscus force between two spherical nanoparticles at various humidities is studied theoretically. The numerical method and the usual approximation method of calculating the meniscus force at various humidities are compared firstly. It is found that the big error may occur at some conditions. The effects of relative humidity on the meniscus force between spherical nanoparticles are investigated. Besides, the influences of spherical radius, the distance between nanoparticles, contact angles of the liquid on the meniscus forces between spherical nanoparticles are studied. The simulation results are helpful to understand and control the adhesion force at nanoscales.
Experimental Study on Expansion Process of High Pressure Twin Combustion-Gas Jets in Liquid
Authors: Xue Xiao Chun , Yu Yong Gang , Zhang Qi
Published: January 2012

In order to investigate the multipoint ignition process and the combustion stability controlling mechanism of the bulk-loaded liquid propellant gun, the cylindrical stepped-wall observation chambers and cylindrical observation chambers are designed. The expansion process and interaction of high-speed twin combustion-gas jets in liquid are studied by high speed photographic system. The influence of chamber structure, nozzle diameter, dual-orifice interval, jet pressure on twin gas jets expansion process has been discussed.
Equivalent Circuit Simulation Model of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Bimorph Energy Harvester
Authors: Wang Hong Yan , Shan Xiao Biao , Xie Tao
Published: January 2012

This paper presented an equivalent circuit simulation model of the cantilevered piezoelectric bimorph energy harvester for predicting the electrical power output of the energy harvester. The alternating voltage in the equivalent circuit model is identified from FE transducer model and the parameters of the resistance, capacitance and inductance in the equivalent circuit model are identified from FE actuator model. To valid the equivalent circuit simulation model, the power output values are compared with those obtained from the coupled piezoelectric-circuit finite element analysis. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the equivalent circuit simulation model.
An Integration Scheme of Extended Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Lin Sheng , Qiu Chang Jun , Li Lan
Published: January 2012

A simple integration scheme is presented for numerical integration in the extended finite element method(XFEM). In this scheme, the integral domain of common triangular mesh is converted to that of standard triangular mesh and the integral domain of standard triangular mesh is converted to that of quadrilateral mesh. By this transformation of integral domain, the strength intensity factors for straight crack are worked out. Finally, the accuracy of this method is analyzed by a typical example. It is concluded that the results obtained by new integral scheme are more accurate and simple than common Gaussian integration scheme.
Design of Hardware Based on Control Circuit of APF
Authors: Lin Hai Yan , Liu Hai , Wang Yin Zhao
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we focus on the hardware design of control circuit based on shunt active power filter (APF). It described the AD transformation module, DSP data processing module, CPLD logic control module, man-machine interaction module and asynchronous communication module. As the core controller, TMS320C5416 digital signal processor (DSP) controls this peripheral assistant circuit to complete data acquisition, harmonic detection and output of control signal. Finally, we design the layout and routing of the control circuit.
Kinetic Studies of Adsorption of Disperse Blue 2BLN from Aqueous Solution by Expanded Graphite
Authors: Huang Jin Bo , Zhu Min Cong , Zhou Zhi Fang , Zhang Hong Xia
Published: January 2012

Expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by microwave irradiation and evaluated as adsorbent for the removal of disperse blue 2BLN (DB) from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption technique under different conditions of initial pH value, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and contact time. The experimental data were analyzed considering pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion approaches. The adsorption kinetics at room temperature could be expressed by the pseudo second order model very well. The results indicate that the adsorption rate is fast enough and more than eighty percent of the adsorbed DB can be removed in the first 15 min at room temperature, which makes the process practical for industrial application.
A Self-Learning Algorithm Based on Support Vector Machine for Scheduling a Job-Shop-Like Knowledgeable Manufacturing Cell
Authors: Li Wen Chao , Yan Hong Sen
Published: January 2012

The job-shop-like knowledgeable manufacturing cell scheduling is a NP-complete problem and there has not been a completely valid algorithm for it until now. An algorithm with self -learning ability is proposed through the addition of precedence constraint of operations on the basis of directed graph. A method based on support vector machine is constructed to choose accurately interchangeable operations by small samples earning to obtain the better scheduling. The classification accuracy can be improved by the continuous addition of new instances to the sample library. The results of simulation show that the algorithm performs well for the job-shop-like knowledgeable manufacturing cell.
An Adaptive Filtering Algorithm Based on Improved Gray Relational Analysis
Authors: Huang Chun Yan , Li Yan Ling
Published: January 2012

Because of the characteristic of the gray relation analysis and the advantage of the alpha-trimmed mean filter, an efficient technique for mixed noise removal in images was proposed. This algorithm can adjust the filter coefficients adaptively according to various pieces of the image features. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm which greatly improved efficiently, it not only can remove mixed noise in image, but also can keep the details of the image.
Dynamical Modeling and Neural Network Adaptive Control of Vehicle Suspension
Authors: Fei Jun Tao , Xu Jing
Published: January 2012

This paper attempts to establish the vibration control technology based on neural network control. First, the dynamic model of vehicle suspension system is discussed, and the linear passive suspension model and nonlinear spring suspension model of the vertical acceleration are compared. It is shown that the performance of nonlinear spring suspension is better than that of the linear passive suspension model. Because of the great advantages of the neural network in dealing with the nonlinear property, secondly, model reference neural control module is introduced in the suspension system to realize the optimization of the body vertical acceleration. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the neural network adaptive controller with application to vehicle suspension.
An Improved Compensation Alternating Voltage Regulator Using Bidirectional-Thyristor Bridge
Authors: Li Jian Wen , Zhang Bing Xin , Xing Jian Ping
Published: January 2012

High power alternating voltage regulators commonly use few isolation transformers to compensate the variation of the input voltage or output load, and use a bidirectional-thyistor bridge with multiple arms to adjust the direction and magnitude of the compensation voltage . This kind of voltage regulator has been widely used for its simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. But its compensation voltage adjustment process often accompanies with deep output voltage sags or high input current overshoots. An improved topology is proposed---adding one more circuit unit to help the adjustment of compensation voltage. The improved topology can adjust the compensation voltage smoothly---having neither output voltage sags nor input current overshoots.
Study on Matching and Optimization of Low-Speed Diesel Engine’s Cooling System
Authors: Chen Guo Jin , Liu Zhong Min , Liu Ting Ting , Su Shao Hui , Yuan Guang Jie , Cao Yi Jiang
Published: January 2012

Aiming at the high-power low-speed marine diesel engine, the paper analyzes the impact of the diesel engine’s cooling to the power, economy and NOx’s emission, studies the variable flow control method and system of the diesel engine cooling water and proposes the scheme setting up the intercooler system and the body cooling system independently in the diesel engine. The results show that the methods and systems are better to improve the engine power, reduce the fuel consumption and NOx’s emission.
Corrosion in T.L.E. Exchanger and Effect of Heat with Software Analysis
Authors: Amir Mokhtari Karchegani , Samad Maboudi , Behzad Shehni Meidani
Published: January 2012

In Marun petrochemical company there are some TLE (TRANSFER LINE EXCHANGER) that their lifetime reduced to 4 years instead of 30 years and after 4 years we saw sever corrosion on one part of those T.L.E. that named Oval header and this happened in condition that other part of those TLE were safe and prefect. By using of thickness measurement devices we find that thickness reduced unusually on that part and after research and do computer analysis with fluent soft ware, it was recognized that on that part we have high temperature and when this out of rang temperature add to bad quality of water , corrosion increased whit high rate on that part and after more research it became obviously that it case by more excess air in furnace that located before this T.L.E. that this more air case to consuming more fuel to reach same furnace temperature so it concluded that inner coil fluid temperature increased and after received to T.L.E this case happened and deflector condition , creep in coil and material analysis confirmed that condition.
Constitutive Equation of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy at Thermal Deformation
Authors: Wang Zhong Tang , Zhao Gen Fa , Zhang Shi Hong , Deng Yong Gang
Published: January 2012

The curves of true stress-strain of AZ80 Magnesium alloy had been tested with thermal simulation experiment, at the conditions of the experimental temperature being 260°C~ 410°C, and strain-rate being 0.001~ 10s-1, and the deformation degree being 50％. According the Arrhenius equation, a kind of constitutive equation of AZ80 Magnesium alloy which considered the strain had been put forward, and the relative errors between calculation results by the stress-strain model and experiment results are less than 10.5%.
Nonlinear Hysteretic Model of Giant Magnetostrictive Material Baesd on Inverse Magnetostritive Effect
Authors: Tang Xiao Qing , Zhu Zhi Wen
Published: January 2012

In this paper, a kind of giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) model based on inverse magnetostritive effect was developed. Van de Pol nonlinear difference item was introduced to interpret the hysteresis phenomenon of the strain-magnetic field intensity (MFI) curve of GMM. The coupling relationship between strain and frequency was obtained in partial least-square regression method to describe the driftage phenomenon of the strain-MFI curves of GMM in different frequencies. Based on above, the final relationship among strain, MFI and frequency was set up. The result of significance test shows that the effects of all of the items in the final model are remarkable, and that of forecast test shows that the model can describe the characteristics of inverse magnetostritive effect of GMM in different frequencies well. The new GMM model is easy to be analyzed in theory, which is helpful to sensor design.
Behavioral Mechanism: Advancing a Design State with Multi-Agents Coordinating
Authors: Chen Chiung Hui
Published: January 2012

For the past two decades, several design support tools have been developed for both research and commercial purposes. Most are stand-alone tools; few are comprehensive or collaborative design environments. Agent technology is an emerging field and agent-based application design is still a pioneering discipline. The agent-oriented design is a new generation method of programming design that mainly uses the script language as a basis for development and that is suitable to design the multi-agent application system. Some tools have adopted the notion of computational agency. In the urban design environment, suppose design objects such as pavements, lamps and plazas can look after themselves and have its own behavioral mechanism, where would a design object acquire the knowledge that allows it to interact intelligently? This paper investigates the question through the notion of objects as agents in design and the purpose of this research is to propose a coordinative mechanism of agents of spatial objects by establishing this design agent.
Research on Lifecycle-Oriented Health Management Philosophy and Key Technologies for Complex Equipment
Authors: Hang Yan Fang , Wang Jian Rong , Wu Rui Jin , Yan Jing Long
Published: January 2012

Significant changes have taken place in service pattern for equipment health management and health management plays an important role in the lifecycle management of complex equipment. To resolve the existing problems in health management of complex equipment, this paper proposes a lifecycle-oriented health management philosophy, summarizes the connotation and basic characteristics of the philosophy. A three-dimensional model consisting of lifecycle level, health management knowledge level and application model level is constructed to realize the philosophy, which elaborates the components, developments and applications of equipment lifecycle health management. On that basis, key technologies for philosophy implementation are analyzed, which lays the foundation of system construction for lifecycle-oriented health management.
Numerical Simulation of Bubble Coalescence Based on VOF Method
Authors: Yang Zhi Yong , Li Jian Dong , Zhang Guo Hua
Published: January 2012

This paper takes bubbles of bubble shell as research object, mainly studies two bubbles arranged in a vertical position. Applying VOF (volume of fluid) method to simulate interaction between two bubbles, analyses the effect of center distances and diameters on deformation and coalescence of bubbles. Results show that coalescence time of two bubbles with same diameters increases as the center distance increases. To two bubbles with different diameters, when the bigger bubble located beneath at the initial time, the smaller bubble moves upward first and then moves downward before two bubbles coalesce. When the smaller bubble located beneath at the initial time, bubble coalescence cannot happen. This paper is the basis of bubble group research, it is of positive significance to the bubble group research and performance improvement of bubble shell.
Study on Martensite Phase Transformation near Crack Tip of Mode II in Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Zhou Bo , Lv Jun , Hou Gang Ling , Pan Ya Ru
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the phase transformation behaviors of shape memory alloy (SMA) in the complex stress state are formulated based the one-dimensional phase transformation model supposed by Zhou and Yoon. The stress field near the crack tip of mode II in SMA is described based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The phase transformation behaviors of SMA near the crack tip of Mode II are numerically investigated.
Reuse of Thermal Energy in Municipal Reclaimed Water: Assessment for Transmission Distance
Authors: Tian Lei , Yang Qian Peng , Li Min Zhi , Shi Lin , Li Wen Wei , You Jing , Zou Yuan Lin , Li Rui Xia , Wang Lei
Published: January 2012

With the aim of energy-saving and environment protection, Chinese government and energy consumers are focusing on energy recovery from municipal reclaimed water using the heat pump during building heating and cooling. Municipal reclaimed water assembled in treatment units need to be transmitted to satisfy remote heating and cooling demands in large-scale utilization projects, and transmission distance between treatment units and energy consumers is an important problem greatly affecting the efficient and economic performance of a municipal reclaimed water source heat pump system. Three key problems depending on transmission distance were analyzed. Reclaimed water temperature variation along the delivering pipeline was discussed in consideration of the mutual influence between the transmission medium and the circumjacent soil. Energy consumption of the transmission process was calculated based on pipeline frictional resistance, transmission energy consumption ratio was proposed as an evaluation index reflecting the system energy-saving rate; the transmission distance influence on economic performance was evaluated by dynamic investment payback period and internal return rate. A comprehensive model to determine the transmission distance was presented, which can provide a theoretical analysis tool for system design.
The Flow Conditions to Move Different Plastic Particles in Dilute Pneumatic Conveying
Authors: Wiwattanasirikul Rungtawan , Sujumnongtokul Purimpat
Published: January 2012

In this research, positive-pressure high velocity pneumatic conveying has been tested to determine the flow conditions such as minimum velocity, solid mass flow rate, and pressure drop per unit length of polypropylene (PP), recycled polyethylene (recycled PE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The conveying efficiency (η ) of such two-phase flow was also experimentally investigated. During the course of the experimental conduct, the material sphericity ranged from 73.2 to 84.4 %. True density ranged from 904.5 to 1305.7 kg/m3, and bulk density covered the range of 493.7 to 783.4 kg/m3 .The tests were carried out on a pneumatic conveying test rig using a PVC pipes of 0.079-m inner diameter and total test length of 8.57 m. The results showed the minimum conditions to move the particles in dilute phase. For the conveying efficiency (η), the efficiency varies reversely with the air velocity in exponential function.
Effect of Bulk Density of 1/3 Coking Coal on Pyrolysis Kinetics
Authors: Bai Jin Feng , Shang Jiu Shi , Liu Yang , Zhong Xiang Yun , Zhang Ya Ru , Xu Jun , Liu Hong Chun
Published: January 2012

This work investigated the weight loss profile and kinetic parameters during the pyrolysis process of the 1/3 coking coal samples from Dongshan (Jixi, Heilongjiang province) in inert gases with the help of thermal-gravimetry apparatus. The characteristic temperatures, the activation energy and the frequency factors gained from the experiment change regularly during the pyrolytic process of the sample coal. The activation energy change with the bulk density indicates that the increase of the bulk density of the coal is beneficial to the coking reaction process of the coking coal.
KW Level Wind Turbine Wind Tracking and Yaw System
Authors: Wang Xu Gang , Cao Guang Qi , Guan Zhi Guang , Zhao Zu Yu
Published: January 2012

Wind power is an important direction of new energy, which has no pollution, no consuming fossil fuels, and no producing waste, which is widely used at this stage of clean energy. The small stand alone wind power has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost, flexible installation, strong adaptability. This paper introduces the mechanical and electrical structure, which are used in KW level stand alone mode wind turbine automatically track and yaw system. The motion rules and control strategies of the tracking and yaw system are discussed and then the control program flow is provided. The PIC16F873 chip is used as controller for this part in this system. It can fully meet the design requirements, which will reduce costs and increase the system's control ability. This system can automatically track and yaw, according to the wind direction and wind power.
Modeling and Control of Excitation Systems for Synchronous Generators
Authors: Naeim Farouk , Liu Sheng , Zhang Lan Yong
Published: January 2012

The electrical power generation and distribution in power plant suffers from so many problems, such as instability of demand and generation. These lead to increase of generation cost. The system under consideration is consist of two steam turbines each of 30 MW with total of 60 MW (2*30). The excitation system of 30 MW generators has been chosen, due to the problems faced by operators in power station. These problems include aging of the control element, feeding back signal and loading increase/ decrease problems.
Design and Implementation of Assembly Simulation Resource Model Library
Authors: Wu Da Wei , Zheng En Ying , Zhang Da Wei , Li Jin Bao , Xu Li Yuan , Du Bao Rui
Published: January 2012

Through we do some research on the key technology and implementation of the air product simulation resource model library, we propose a general system framework, the solid modeling method of the components and parts, the design of the parameter table and the model library integration and application. With these key technologies, we design and develop three-dimensional modeling library system, CATIA taken as a platform.
Sensorless Control of IPMSM Using Modified Current Slope Estimation Method
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ni Wei , Zhang Hui Ping , Wu Sha Sha
Published: January 2012

When the permanent magnet synchronous motor is operated at a low speed. The rotor position and speed are very difficult to estimate using the extended flux or back EMF method. A novel modified current slope estimating method is used to estimate the rotor position and speed in low speed in this paper. The mathematical models of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) are deduced. The basic principle of modified current slope method is introduced. The simulation control system is built based on Matlab and a TMS320LF2407 digital signal processor is used to execute the rotor position and speed estimation. The experimental and simulation results have shown that the rotor position and speed can be accurately estimated in a low-speed operating region.
FEA of Large-Scale Cross-Roller Slewing Bearing Used in Special Propeller
Authors: Zhang Gang , Zhang Xue , Jiang De De , Li Ming Yan , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2012

According to the property of contact problem, the calculation formula of contact stress of cross-roller slewing bearing is derived under the action of eccentric axial load. The finite element model of slewing bearing is analyzed in ANSYS, and then the finite element analysis software is used to analyze the contact stress. In this way, the distribution condition of contact stress between roller and rings is obtained. By comparing the finite element analysis results with theoretical analysis results, the correctness of finite element analysis is certified, which provides a guide for the design and optimization of slewing bearing.
Method of Variable Parameter PID Control Applied for AMB System
Authors: Tan Hao Nan , Zhang Jian Sheng
Published: January 2012

According to electromagnetic theory, A single degree of freedom mathematical model of AMB system was established. We design a variable parameter PID controller based on the model. And the simulation results express that the variable parameters PID controller was better in the lots of indicators compared with the traditional PID controller.
Link between Chips and Cutting Moments Evolution
Authors: Cahuc Olivier , Bisu Claudiu , Gerard Alain
Published: January 2012

The better understanding of the material cutting process has been shown with the benefit of the forces and moments measurement since some years ago. In paper, simultaneous six mechanical components and chip orientation measurements were realized during turning tests. During these tests, the influence of the depth of cut or feed rate has been observed and a link between the chip orientation and the moment vector orientation or the central axis characteristics has been shown. Nomenclature * corresponding author
FSSS Technical Retrofit of 130T/H All Gas Fired Boiler
Authors: Duan Yan Liang , Zhao Yan Jun
Published: January 2012

Furnace safety supervisory system (FSSS) is the essential unit of a modern boiler monitoring system to ensure the safety of the boiler combustion system. The FSSS system of the 130t/h full gas-fired boiler has some security flaw. The FSSS system of the boiler system is transformed. The system's software capability is improved, the system hardware is upgraded and the system operability is significantly improved. A 72-hour test run is carried out. The experiment results show that the FSSS system meet the design requirement
Slope Stability Analysis Based on Strength Reduction Method FEM from the Perspective of Mechanics
Authors: Zhai Yue , Yin Kun Long
Published: January 2012

With the anti-shear parameters reduction, the nonlinear strength reduction FEM model of slope turns to unstable status and the numerical non-convergence occurs simultaneously. Hence, the safety stability factor obtained based on c-φ reduction algorithm can be regarded as equal to stability factor obtained using limit equilibrium method. In this paper, stability analysis of one reservoir slope is made and the calculation results show that the strength reduction method matches the traditional grid limit equilibrium method well, yet with much more available information. Efficient and accurate, the strength reduction FEM is feasible to examine slope stability and analyze slope movement patterns.
Analysis and Implementation of a Zero-Voltage-Switching Zeta Converter
Authors: Do Hyun Lark
Published: January 2012

A zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) Zeta converter is proposed in this paper. Two separate inductors in the conventional Zeta converter are magnetically coupled in the proposed converter. The output diode is replaced with an active switch. Also, an auxiliary inductor is utilized. The ZVS operation of both main and auxiliary switches is achieved and the switching loss is significantly reduced. Moreover, the ripple component of the output inductor current is effectively removed and the output filter stage can be simplified. To verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed converter, an experimental prototype was built and tested.
Analysis and Processing Method of Insufficient Anti-Floating of Basement Parking Garage Floor
Authors: Liang Xian
Published: January 2012

The floating of floor due to insufficient anti-floating of floor happens occasionally in the design and construction process of basement parking garages. In this paper, the causes of insufficient anti-floating of basement parking garage floor are analyzed combined with engineering examples.
A Portable JPEG Image Application System Base on SOPC Technology
Authors: Hu Guan Min , Xu Zhi Jun
Published: January 2012

In this text, we put forward a design using IP core which assigns a large amount of hardware operation to realize JPEG decoding in SOPC. Following the principle of JPEG decoding, we use hardware language to put up several decode modules. And these modules fulfill the design of JPEG decoder. The emulation indicates that the decoder has characteristics such as high performance, low cost，flexible use and high efficiency. Finally we can add touch screen, LCD and other devices into the SOPC to carry out the portable JPEG image application system
Study on Different Advanced Oxidations of Cafeteria Wastewater
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: January 2012

KMnO4 was selected as oxidizers for the oxidation and degradation of cafeteria wastewater. The treatment effects were evaluated by the changes of COD and BOD5 parameters. Orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the processing conditions based on the single affected factor. The optimized controlling conditions for KMnO4 treatment process were KMnO4=0.3 mmol/L, pH=2, reaction time=60 minutes respectively. The COD removal ratios using KMnO4, ClO2, Fenton reagent treatment were 26%, 55% and 82% respectively. It showed that of Fenton was highest. But after its oxidation, it created other refractory substance and the produced sludge was also difficult to settle down. When using ClO2, the pH in process is closer to neutral, thus saved large quantity of acid. The treatment using KMnO4 showed there was little refractory precipitation, but its COD removal was too low.
Culture Conditions Optimization of Hyaluronic Acid Production Based on GP and QPSO Algorithms
Authors: Long Hai Xia , Zhang Xiu Hong , Mo Zhuang Jian
Published: January 2012

This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions (agitation speed, aeration rate and stirrer number) of hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Two optimization algorithms were used for comparison: response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic programming coupling Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (GP-QPSO). In GP -QPSO approach, GP is employed to model the microbial HA production and QPSO algorithm is used to find out the optimal culture conditions with the established GP estimator as the objective function. The maximum predicted value of HA production by RSM and GP-QPSO was 5.27 and 5.57 g/l, respectively. Here though both RSM and GP-QPSO approach provided good predictions, yet the proposed GP-QPSO method showed a clear superiority over RSM for both data fitting and optimization capabilities
Modeling the Spread of Electric Vehicles Based on Life-Cycle Cost
Authors: Xiao Wen Bin , Lin Yan Hui , Zheng Xiao , Ye Shi Qi
Published: January 2012

Compelled by the shortage of non-renewable energy and long-term development of society, the purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and possibility of the widespread of battery electric vehicles (BEV) to substitute fuel vehicles. “Life cycle cost” (LCC) model was used to compare the cost of electric vehicle and gasoline vehicle from 2009 to 2035 year assuming that the cost is charged by “per-mile-cost”. After 2019, the cost of EV will manifest its superiority. It was concluded that the vehicle manufactures should strive to improve the performance of battery technologically, especially the number of charge cycle first and the government can provide fuel tax or financial subsidy for costumes to buy EV or provide research fund to assist technological improvement to boost the widespread of EV
Literature Review of the Domestic Research on Emission Trade
Authors: Zhou Li Ping
Published: January 2012

Emission trading means that, on the premise that environment and resources belongs to the nation and the total amount of emission is under regulation, the government sells the permit of a certain amount of emission to the polluter by issuing tradable emission licences. This paper discusses the emission trading in China in the recent 30 years. By reviewing the research field,research orientation and the status quo, this paper aimed at do some fundamental theoretical research on the application of the emission trading theory and the establishment of the emission trading market in China
Analysis of Necessity of the Acceleration of Solid Waste Management in China in “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” Period and Suggestions
Authors: Zhou Li Ping
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the basic concept of waste and principal theory of hazardous waste management. While elaborating serious damages caused by solid waste, the paper also introduces relevant management policies of the US concerning hazardous waste. After the analysis of the current state of solid waste management in China, the paper proposes to accelerate the improvement of solid waste management system in our country. We are expecting a domestically effective solid waste management and an avoidance from similar pollution events overseas
Based on the Supply Chain Integrator for the High-End Logistics System of Dangerous Goods
Authors: Liu Hua Qiong , Lv Yu Jian , Wang Hui Ning
Published: January 2012

For the current development position about logistics service of dangerous goods that the service link is single which mainly focus on warehousing and transportation sectors, as a consequence it factitiously separates the integrity of the entire supply chain services, from the perspective of supply chain integrator, this paper systematically analyses the advantage of high-end dangerous goods logistics service based on the supply chain integrator, besides, we also design a high-end dangerous logistics system in the comprehensive use of the FDID technology ,centering on the dangerous logistics center system, integrating the dominant resources, we aim at ensuring the security during the operation of dangerous goods logistics at utmost
Analysis to Effective Elastic Modulus and Porosity for Artificial Bone Scaffold with Hydroxyapatite Microspheres
Authors: Wang Yan En , Han Qin , Wei Shen Ming , Li Peng Lin , Yang Ming Ming , Qin Yan Lei , Wang Yue Bo , Zhou Jin Hua
Published: January 2012

The effective elastic modulus of hydroxyaptite (HA) microspheres composite scaffold is determined by the HA microspheres’ elastic modulus, accumulation topology model and the porosity. Experiments showed that different accumulation pattern and porosity has different modulus for bone scaffold. Furthermore, porosity and accumulation pattern are affected directly by the adhesive thickness. Here, we elucidate the effect of the scaffold parameters on bone sitffness and porostiy by means of a mathmatically based approach. Based on ANSYS simulation platform, the effective elastic modulus of HA microspheres scaffold was demonstrated. And the effective elastic modulus of artificial bone scaffold with different adhesive thickness was calculated by using APDL. Use the void fraction to illustrate the porosity of HA microspheres scaffold, which is an important consideration when attempting to evaluate the potential volume of water and hydrocarbons it may contain. By analysis of the optimization results, the effective elastic modulus reaches the maximum when the adhesive layer thickness is 0.05 mm, while the corresponding porosity is 0.5231
Research and Design on the High-Voltage Line Harmonic Detection Based on a New Method
Authors: Zhang Jin Bo , Zhou Feng , Hao Pei
Published: January 2012

In order to measure the high-voltage transmission line voltage harmonic signal directly and timely, a new approach based on field intensity method is put forward, solving the problems of getting the high-voltage transmission line voltage harmonic signal indirectly by using the traditional methods. Through the establishment of the field intensity method to get voltage signal mathematical model so as to prove its correctness in theory, besides, the actual measurement circuit of harmonic detector is designed to verify the correctness of the theory. High-voltage transmission line harmonic detector can easily detect voltage harmonic content of the high-voltage line
The DGPS Maximum Speed Prediction Based on AR Model in Full-Scale Speed and Power Trial
Authors: Gu Ming Yu , Wang Yan Ying
Published: January 2012

It is difficult to decide when the speed of a ship reaches to stability only by the experience of a test personnel in a speed and power trial. In this paper, a speed prediction method based on AR model is proposed to obtain the maximum speed automatically during the speed and power trial. In order to get high prediction accuracy, a detailed analysis is made on prediction process parameters. The results show that the related error between the prediction maximum speed and the actual value is low enough to meet the engineering requirements
Simulation and Analysis of Deep Excavation and Loading by Using FLAC3D
Authors: Cui Kai , Pan Xue Kai , Ling Zhong Cheng
Published: January 2012

A numerical calculation code FLAC3D is used to simulate excavation of a deep foundation pit of railway station nearby pile group foundations. The horizontal deformations of pile group foundations are then calculated under different operation conditions of excavation, supporting and loading. The influence of foundation excavation to adjacent building is analyzed, which can give some reference to design and construction