bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endokrinnye mekhanizmy modulyatsii serdechnoydeyatel'nosti u patsientov s khronicheskoyserdechnoy nedostatochnost'yu: rol' gormona rosta
Authors: Dedov I I , Bondarenko I Z , Bezlepkina O B
Published: April 2014

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complication of most cardiovascular diseases. Despite of the last achievements in pharmacotherapy,
life expectancy in patients with CHF remains to be the lowest, and the risk of sudden death is the highest. The last 20 years stressed the importance
of growth hormone role in the development of cardiovascular disease, and its potential in treatment of terminal CHF. This article reviews the
most well-known research conducted in this area.
Patogeneticheskie aspekty ozhireniya
Authors: Dedov I I , Mel'nichenko G A , Romantsova T I
Published: April 2014

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Aktivnost' renin-angiotenzinovoy sistemy (RAS) zhirovoy tkani: metabolicheskie effekty blokady RAS
Authors: Shestakova M V
Published: April 2014

The review presents data confirming that fat tissue is a significant source of synthesis of all components of renin-angiotensin
system (RAS). It is proposed that activation of fat tissue RAS components have a local paracrine and autocrine actions on adipocytes,
regulates their growth and differentiation, induces subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Thus, hyperactivity of local
RAS in fat tissue is one of the mechanisms of visceral obesity, IR and metabolic syndrome. Use of traditional RAS blocking medications
(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers) is followed by IR decrease and prevents from development of
type 2 diabetes mellitus. The perspectives of use of a new RAS blocker from a group of direct rennin inhibitors - aliskiren - for correction
of metabolic abnormalities in visceral obesity are considered.
Sovremennaya kontseptsiya lecheniya ozhireniya
Authors: Savel'eva L V
Published: April 2014

Obesity is an unsolved problem of modern society, furthermore it is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular
diseases and cancer, pathology of musculoskeletal and digestive systems, reproductive disfunction both for women and for men.
It is known that treatment any chronic disease is rather complicated, not only for doctors but also for the patient, because it requires from
the patient a careful self-control and substantial changes in lifestyle. In modern clinical practice, various methods of treatment of obesity are
used: diet therapy, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and surgery. Modern methods of treatments of obesity
are reviewed in this article
Problemy lecheniya patsientov s morbidnym ozhireniem
Authors: Starostina E G
Published: April 2014

The article describes evidence-based approaches to treatment of morbid obesity, including surgical interventions designated for
bodyweight reduction and provides comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of lifestyle interventions, medical treatment and various
types of bariatric surgery. Detailed description of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-surgical vitamin and mineral deficiencies
is given. Special attention is paid to high prevalence of mental disorders in patients with morbid obesity, their role in its development,
their influence on outcomes of surgical intervention and potential patient dissatisfaction with its results. Necessity of thorough selection
of patients for bariatric surgery is emphasized, with assessment of their mental state and proper organization of subsequent life-long
follow-up after operation
Metabolic syndrome as a prothrombogenic state
Authors: Berkovskaya M A , Butrova S A
Published: April 2014

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions nowadays. Abdominal obesity is the most unfavorable one, because of its association with the complex of markers and risk factors ofcardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is called metabolic syndrome (MS). MS also increases risk of atherothrombosis because it is characterized by low fibrinolysis and prothrombogenic changes in coagulation and platelet hemostasis. The review highlights the mechanisms of hemostatic disturbances in MS, which eхends our scientific knowledge about pathogenesis of cardio vascular diseases
Pathogenetic substantiation and effectiveness of vildagliptin use inpatients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Romantsova T I
Published: April 2014

Insulin resistance in muscle and liver and β-cell failure represent the core pathophysiologic defects in type 2 diabetes. Now it isrecognized that the β-cell failure occurs much earlier and is more severe than previously thought. As a result, earlier and more aggressive new therapy is needed to achiev e better control of diabetes and to prev ent/slow the progressive B-cell failure that already is w ell established in IGT subjects. One approach is to target the incretin mimetic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). When blood glucose levels are elevated, GrP-1 stimulates insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, impro ves β-cell function, and slows gastric emptying. GrP-1 production is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, GrP-1 is rapidly degraded by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Trials have showed, that new inhibitor DPP-4 vildagliptin (Galvus) hav e been demonstrated to significantly reduce HbA lc, fasting and prandial glucose levels when used as monotherapy and in соmbination with traditional agents. Advantages of vildagliptin include few adverse events, low risk of hypoglycemia, neutral effect on body weight, and a once-daily oral dosing regimen. Inaddition, vildagliptin may preserve the decline in β-cell function. Hence, vildagliptin may modify the natural progressive course of diabetes; this however, must be confirmed with longer-term controlled studies
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of physiotens in patientswith arterial hypertension, overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitusin framework of Russian Public Health System
Authors: Kulikov A Y
Published: April 2014

The present article represent a pharmacoeconomic comparison of standard antihypertensive therapy and the same therapy plus moxonidine (Physiotens) in patients with arterial hypertension, overweight and diabetes mellitus type 2. The budget impact analysis was conducted on outpatient and inpatient care basis. Moxonidine showеd convincing advantages compared to standard antihypertensive therapy such as the stroke risk reduction by 6 percent, reduction of doses antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs, which resulted in substantial decrease of direct medical costs.
Vliyanie perinatal'nykh faktorov na razvitieozhireniya vo vzroslom vozraste
Authors: Vitebskaya A V
Published: April 2014

The studies of perinatal factors long-term effects on obesity development are summarized in this article. Maternal body mass
and nutrition role during pregnancy was demonstrated in Dutch hunger studies and several works in vivo. The association between birth
weight, obesity, and abdominal fat distribution in future life were demonstrated several times. Breast feeding duration and risk of obesity
have inverse association, but excessive breast feeding also can increase obesity risk. Early accelerated weight gain and further risk of obesity
are also associated. Based on the effect of nitrition in preterm newborns study and several works in vivo it is hypothesized that increased
food consumption during infancy can program elevated leptin concentrations for fat mass ratio durng future life. Further investigations
in this area can lead to breakthrough in solving the problem of obesity and overweight prophylaxis.
Metabolicheskiy effekt gormona rostapri gipopituitarizme u vzroslykh
Authors: Nagaeva E V
Published: April 2014

Review coverts the basic metabolic disorders, characteristic for adult patients with hypopituitarism which frequently cannot be
solved by means of traditional replacement hormonal therapy. Positive influence of rGH therapy has proved necessity of its application
for these patients. Complex replacement of all pituitary deficiencies, including GH, allows an organism to work in the conditions of the
hormonal metabolism as much as possible similar to normal, completely leveling or reducing to a minimum of metabolic consequences
common for adults with hypopituitarism.
Leptin u zhenshchin, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom2 tipa, ne poluchayushchikh lekarstvennuyusakharosnizhayushchuyu terapiyu
Authors: Dreval' A V , Misnikova I V , Trigolosova I V
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute hyperinsulinemia to fasting leptin level (fL) secretion and leptin
secretion during intravenouse glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Methods. 32 T2DM women without antidiabetic drugs were studied.
Median age of participants was 57,5[50,0;62,5] years, median body mass index (BMI) was 32,7[29,1;37,1]. Glucose intravenouse
bolus solution (40%) was dosing (0,75 g/kg BM). Insulin level was investigated in fasting state (FI), 2 min, 70 min and 120 min after
glucose loading. Leptin was investigated in fasting (FL) and 120 min after glucose loading. Results. FL level was 21,1[13,6;39,0]
ng/ml. Relationships between FL and HOMA-R, аnd between FL and FI were enough strong (r=0,5, р
Physiology of calcium metabolism in kidneys
Authors: Pigarova E A
Published: April 2014

Biologic functions of calcium include maintenance of skeletal integrity, signal transduction, cell permeability, excitation-secretion
and excitation-contraction coupling and cell fertilization. There are various forms of calcium in the body: ionized, complexed and
protein bound, and only two first forms can be filtered at the glomerulus and cross cell membranes. The present review covers the topics
of physiology, regulation and pathogenesis of disturbances of renal calcium metabolism.
Secondary erythrocytosis in patient with acromegaly
Authors: Pigarova E A , Dobreva E A , Dzeranova L K , Rozhinskaya L Ya
Published: April 2014

A 53-year old man with acromegaly was referred for neurosurgical treatment. At admission: growth hormone (GH) 240 ME/l at all
time points of glucose tolerance test, IGF-1 - 415,1 ng/ml, brain MRI showed pituitary adenoma 34×32×27 mm extending suprasellar,
deforming and displacing optic chiasm, parasellar to both cavernous sinuses and surrounding left internal carotid artery. Clinical blood
tests revealed marked erythrocytosis - 6.1×1012, Hb - 200 g/l, HCT - 62%; urobilinigen 50 mmol/l was found in urine; otherwise the tests
were normal. For exclusion of erythraemia the patient underwent trepanobiopsy of bone marrow which showed normal haemopoesis and
suggested a secondary nature of erythrocytosis. In preoperative period 1100 ml of blood were evacuated by phlebotomy in 4 sessions, which
resulted in reduction of erythrocyte count to 5,1×1012, Hb 160 g/l, HCT 50% and disappearance of urobilinigen. The patient was then operated
by transnasal approach with debulking of most adenomatous tissue but without biochemical remission of acromegaly (GH 92-99 at
glucose tolerance test). A week after surgery - erythrocytes 4,5×1012, Hb - 141 g/l, HCT - 44,1%. The patient was prescribed a octreotide
depo (Sandostatin LAR) injections 20 mg/mth and at 6 months from operation was feeling well, with clinical remission of acromegaly and
normalization of IGF-1 and all blood count parameters.
The influence of orlistat (Xenical) therapy on the parameters of lipid metabolism in patients with obesity
Authors: Mazurina N V , Masurina N V
Published: April 2014

One of the main goals in treatment of obesity is descending of overall cardiometabolic risk, which is mostly defined by atherogenic changes in blood lipid spectrum. Scientific data, presented in this review confirm that orlistat is effective for treatment of obesity, its introduction significantly increases proportion of patients who reach clinically valuable results. The mechanism of action of orlistat explains its influence on parameters of blood lipids, which doesn't directly depend on the decrease of body mass during treatment. Improvement of cardiometabolic parameters during orlistsat treatment allows to consider this therapy as one of the methods for correction of dyslipidemia
Ozhirenie sredi bol'nykh, obrativshikhsya za meditsinskoy pomoshch'yu (dannye krupnogo otechestvennogo epidemiologicheskogo issledovaniya)
Authors: Drobizhev M Yu , Drobizhev M Yu
Published: April 2014

Research objective: to study obesity among 10541 patients in therapeutic, neurologik and cardiologikal practices in 29 cities of the Russian Federation from St.-Petersburg to Vladivostok (COMPASS program). All patients are divided on two groups: with obesity (average BMI=33,7+4,1 kg/m2), and without this disease (average BMI=24,4+3,0 kg/m2). Groups were compared under demographic characteristics; features of a medical route; somatic and mental state. 20% from all patients in mentioned practices in various cities of Russia have obesity. Patients with obesity are predominantly women (middle age 54,0+12,0 year). For these patients low social and economic status (with low educational level, absence of employment, loneliness etc.) are characteristic. Patients with obesity are more often observe in cardiological practice. They suffer from cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis about obesity formation within mental disorders (depression, food addiction - dependence on food) is presented. Possibility of treatment of patients with the help of sibutramine is discussed.
Metabolic syndrome: аrguments pro's and con's
Authors: Uchamprina V A , Romantsova T I , Kalashnikov M F
Published: April 2014

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of impaired glucose metabolism, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite numerous studies on this subject, the terminology and the definition of MS as well as borderline values for its criteria are not defined. From the standpoint of public health and clinical practice, the early detection of MS is highly important in order to prevent the development of CVD and T2D. This review article reflects the stages of development of the concept of MS, expresses the opinion of the authors with respect to the modern view of the problem and analyzes of contemporary arguments "for" and "against" the use of MS diagnosis in clinical practice.
Vitamin D and metabolism: facts, myths and misconceptions
Authors: Plescheva A V , Pigarova E A , Dzeranova L K
Published: April 2014

Vitamin D is essential for a vast number of physiologic processes, and thus adequate levels are necessary for optimal health. During childhood and adolescence, an adequate vitamin D status is needed due to its important role in cell growth, skeletal development and growth. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally found in very few foods, is added to others, and is available as a dietary supplement. It is produced endogenously when ultraviolet light strikes the skin. The adequate intake and status of vitamin D greatly depends on age, concomitant diseases and the use of some medications that are covered in-depth in the article. Recent epidemiologic and experimental evidence has suggested that low vitamin D concentrations seem to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer (mainly breast, prostate and colorectal), hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. However, the data supporting protective effects of vitamin D supplementation on conditions other than skeletal diseases like rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia are very weak, and the large, controlled clinical trials that are in progress now should resolve this issue.
Adipokiny, insulinorezistentnost' i aktivnost' simpato-adrenalovoy sistemy u yunoshey s ozhireniem, manifestirovavshim v pubertatnyy period
Authors: Verbovoy A F , Mitroshina E V , Dolgih Yu A
Published: April 2014

69 young men with obesity manifesting at puberty have been examined. The average age was 19,22±0,26. 17 healthy young men, whose average age was 22 ± 0,72 years old, constituted a control group. The examined were divided according to their blood pressure (BP): the first subgroup included 36 young men with normal blood pressure, the other subgroup included 33 young men with arterial hypertension. Levels of blood lipid spectrum, levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, insulin in serum, urinary metanephrine excretion were measured. We obtained the following results: young men with obesity identified atherogenic changes in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Regardless of the level of blood pressure they showed a significant increase in leptin levels. In the subgroup of patients with hypertension we found increased urinary excretion of metanephrine, indicating increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system and its involvement in the formation of hypertension. The level of adiponectin in the surveyed tended to decrease, more pronounced in the combination of obesity and hypertension.
Giperkortitsizm i metabolicheskiy sindrom: slozhnosti differentsial'noy diagnostiki i lecheniya
Authors: Dzeranova L K , Pankratova Yu V , Belaya Z E , Pigarova E A , Manchenko O V , Rozhinskaya L Ya , Grigor'ev A Yu , Kolesnikova G S
Published: April 2014

Hypercortisolism is a severe endocrine disorder that leads to all types of metabolic disturbances. The most frequent symptom of hypercortisolism is a specific weight gain and body fat distribution - "cushingoid" obesity which clinically reflects the pathological changes in protein, carbohydrate and lipids metabolism. We provide a clinical case of a patient with Cushings disease. This clinical case represents challenges in the differential diagnosis of this rare endocrine disorder and metabolic syndrome, and specific approach in further evaluation and treatment of Cushing's disease that requires all the latest technology in this field to be employed.
Planned Marketing Adaptation and Multinationals’ Choices between Acquisitions and Greenfields
Authors: Slangen Arjen H.L. , Dikova Desislava
Published: April 2014

International marketing studies have extensively examined the antecedents of firms’ marketing standardization/ adaptation decisions. However, it is unclear whether such decisions, once planned, codetermine the choice between buying and building foreign subsidiaries. Analyzing a sample of 150 foreign entries by Dutch firms, the authors find that the level of marketing adaptation planned for a wholly owned subsidiary is positively related to the likelihood that the subsidiary will be established through an acquisition rather than through a greenfield investment. Moreover, the authors find substantial evidence that this positive relationship is stronger for firms that (1) are establishing relatively larger subsidiaries, (2) have less experience with the industry entered, or (3) are entering less developed countries. The findings show that firms pursuing higher levels of marketing adaptation assign more value to the marketing adaptation advantages of acquisitions over greenfields, especially if the risks associated with implementing the planned adaptation level are high. In addition, firms typically strive for a fit between their international marketing strategy and their mode of foreign establishment.
Forceful Phantom Firsts: Framing Experiences as Firsts Amplifies Their Influence on Judgment
Authors: Leboeuf Robyn A. , Williams Elanor F. , Brenner Lyle A.
Published: April 2014

First experiences are highly influential. Here, the authors show that nonfirst experiences can be made to seem like firsts and, consequently, to have a disproportionate influence on judgment. In six experiments, one piece of a series of information was framed to appear to have “first” status: For example, a weather report that appeared at the end of a sequence of weather reports happened to correspond to the first day of a vacation, and a customer review that appeared at the end of a sequence of hotel reviews happened to be the new year's first review. Such information had greater influence on subsequent judgments (e.g., of the next day's weather, of the hotel's quality) than identical information not framed as a first. This effect seems to arise largely because “phantom first” pieces of information receive greater weight, but not necessarily more attention, than other pieces of information.
The bridge model: how Spanish multinationals are building economic ties between Asia and Latin America
Authors: Casanova Lourdes , Rodríguez-Montemayor Eduardo
Published: April 2014

While the West is struggling to find a way out of recession, emerging markets present myriad opportunities for growth. This paper offers a new perspective on how global economic triangulation facilitates trade between regions. Triangulation occurs where barriers exist to trade and investment between two countries and a third party (e.g., a country) acts as a facilitator or bridge. The “bridge model,” as we call it, shifts the focus away from national policy as a facilitator of international trade and emphasizes the role of companies. Corporate bridge-building is essentially a form of economic triangulation, and we use the terms “bridge” and “triangulation” interchangeably. Various examples are cited to show how Spanish multinational companies have served as a bridge connecting Asia and Latin America, and in so doing have expanded their own business. Thanks to their links with both regions they create business relationships that might otherwise be impeded by cultural or language barriers, facilitating the flow of products, knowledge and financial resources. In this way firms in otherwise stagnating economies have an opportunity to grow by facilitating trade and investment between emerging markets via the bridge model.
Der Fachinformationsdienst Musikwissenschaft und die neue Rolle der ViFaMusik
Authors: Diet Jürgen , Nägele Reiner
Published: April 2014

Die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek betreut seit 1949 das Sondersammelgebiet Musikwissenschaft. Gemeinsam mit Repräsentanten der Fachcommunity wurde in einem Rundgespräch im März 2013 die künftige Serviceleistung im Fachinformationsdienst und die neue Rolle der ViFaMusik diskutiert. Die jahrzehntelange SSG-Erfahrung und die Ergebnisse des Rundgesprächs waren Grundlage des im Juni 2013 eingereichten FID-Antrags Musikwissenschaft.
Dezentral, offen, vernetzt – Überlegungen zum Aufbau eines LOD-basierten FID-Fachinformationssystems
Authors: Christoph Pascal , Pohl Adrian
Published: April 2014

Dieser Artikel reflektiert die „Richtlinien für das DFG geförderte System der Fachinformationsdienste für die Wissenschaft“ und zeigt auf, wie Linked Open Data (LOD) beim Umbau der Sondersammelgebiete (SSG) zu Fachinformationsdiensten (FID) helfen kann. Es wird dabei insbesondere auf den Aspekt (Meta-)Dateninfrastruktur eingegangen. Die These dieses Artikels ist, dass LOD prädestiniert ist, einen wichtigen Eckpfeiler einer nachhaltigen Metadateninfrastruktur für die Wissenschaft zu bilden.
Arbeit am Nächstmöglichen – Anreizsysteme für den künftigen FID Germanistik
Authors: Michel Volker
Published: April 2014

Vorgestellt werden innovative Ansätze, die seitens des SSG Germanistik unternommen wurden, um die Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Germanistik als eine zentrale Anlaufstelle für die Fachcommunity zu etablieren. Mit Blick auf die Umwandlung in einen FID wird die Fokussierung auf das traditionell an der UB Frankfurt gepflegte „bibliographische Kerngeschäft“ angeraten, das für alle Vertreter des Faches von großer Bedeutung ist, unabhängig von Status und Forschungsausrichtung.
Editorial: Fachportale für Bibliotheken
Authors: Depping Ralf
Published: April 2014

Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken aus der Sicht der Förderpolitik der DFG innerhalb der letzten 15 Jahre: Es stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss die DFG-Förderpolitik und das Dach-Projekt „vascoda“ auf die Entwicklung der Virtuellen Fachbibliotheken hatten. Darüber hinaus bleibt zu klären, welche Entwicklung die Virtuellen Fachbibliotheken im Kontext der Umwandlung der Sondersammelgebiete in Fachinformationsdienste für die Wissenschaft nehmen können. Das Editorial diskutiert die Rahmenbedingungen.
Hin zum Fachportal? Hin zur Kundschaft? Oder beides?
Authors: Pianos Tamara
Published: April 2014

Im folgenden Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Services des Portals EconBiz sowie Gründe für einzelne Services und Überlegungen zur Umsetzung vorgestellt. Die Ausprägungen des Portals (Web, mobil etc.) sowie die Nutzung der Portalinhalte in unterschiedlichen Kontexten werden beschrieben. Neben der Darstellung der aktuellen Konsolidierungsarbeiten und der grundsätzlichen Frage zur Daseinsberechtigung von Fachportalen werden Fragen zu konkreten Zukunftsperspektiven von EconBiz diskutiert.
www.GEO-LEO.de – das Recherchewerkzeug des Fachinformationsdienstes für Wissenschaft zum System Erde und Weltall
Authors: Mühlhölzer Marianna , Pfurr Norbert , Porst Sven-S. , Wagenbreth Bernhard
Published: April 2014

GEO-LEO ist ein zentrales Recherchewerkzeug zum System Erde und Weltall. Als integrierendes Internetportal dient es zum Nachweis gedruckter und elektronischer Informationsressourcen der Sondersammelgebietsbibliotheken in Freiberg und Göttingen sowie anderer fachrelevanter Anbieter. Zudem bietet es der Fachgemeinschaft eine Publikationsplattform für digitale Dokumente im Sinne des Open Access an. Das Portal, welches auf moderner Open Source Software basiert, stellt eine gute Basis für eine Webpräsenz eines zukünftigen astro-, geo- und montanwissenschaftlichen Fachinformationsdienstes für Deutschland dar.
The Crowd, the Cloud and Improving the Future of Medical Device Innovation
Authors: Huesch Marco , Szczerba Robert
Published: April 2014

Barriers and delays to medical device innovation are often solely attributable to the regulatory environment instead of both the current state of innovation practices and product development processes in the industry. Increasing the pace of innovation while reducing costs requires the creation of a new approach that fits both established medical device corporations as well as entrepreneurial start-ups. In this commentary we advance the concept of innovation platforms to facilitate ideation in the medical device space. Such platforms could also allow the full health benefits from individual medical devices to be reaped, by overcoming interoperability concerns through simulation and credentialing. Given the dramatic benefits of medical device success, such non-traditional business models for development may be potential solutions for industry, users and regulators.
Distribution of lignin in vascular bundles of coconut wood (Cocos nucifera) by cellular UV-spectroscopy and relationship between lignification and tensile strength in single vascular bundles
Authors: Fathi Leila , Frühwald Arno , Koch Gerald
Published: April 2014

The topochemical distribution of lignin in vascular bundles separated from different radial positions of Mexican coconut wood stems (Cocos nucifera) has been studied with focus on the relationship between the degree of lignification and tensile strength properties. The cellular lignin distribution was analyzed by UV-microspectrophotometry (UMSP) scanning at 280 nm of sections of vascular bundles (VBs) of 1 μm thickness. The fibers of the VBs with high tensile strength reveal a relatively low UV-absorbance at 280 nm (A280 nm 0.39), whereas the VBs with low tensile strength display the highest A280 nm (0.59). The S2 of fiber walls are characterized by the typical lamellar structure with increasing lignin contents from the cell lumen towards the compound middle lamellae (CML). The A280 nm data of CMLs are higher (0.67 to 0.87) than those of the S2 wall layers. Overall, the A280 nm values of S2 of fibers walls within single VBs of coconut are in the range of 0.36 to 0.59.
Determination of ion exchange constants for pairs of metal ions to lignocellulosic materials by column chromatography
Authors: Su Pingping , Granholm Kim , Harju Leo , Ivaska Ari
Published: April 2014

A method based on column chromatography has been developed for determination of ion exchange (IE) constants for pairs of metal ions for different types of wood, pulp, and bark samples. Bark was found to have higher selectivity than wood and pulp for the metal ions studied. Of the 14 different metal ions studied, the toxic transition metal ions Pb, Cu, and Cd were most strongly bound to all the materials used in this work. The validity of the column method was tested by means of different mixtures of metal ions as the loading solution. The IE constants obtained by the column method showed a good agreement with those obtained by the batch method reported earlier by our group. The IE constants were also determined for synthetic cation exchanger (CE) based on weak and strong acid groups. The IE constants of most pairs of metal ions are highest for the weakly acidic CE followed by bark, wood, pulp, and strongly acidic CE.
Effect of (4a) a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice: an approach using behavioral tests battery
Authors: Kurhe Yeshwant , Mahesh Radhakrishnan , Gupta Deepali , Thangaraj Devadoss
Published: April 2014

Background: The inconsistent therapeutic outcome necessitates designing and identifying novel therapeutic interventions for depression. Hence, the present study deals with the investigation of antidepressant-like effects of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) (quinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (4a) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced behavioral and biochemical alterations.

Methods: Animals were subjected to different stressors for a period of 28 days. On day 15 after the subsequent stress procedure, mice were administered with (4a) (2 and 4 mg/kg p.o.), escitalopram (10 mg/kg p.o.), or vehicle (10 mL/kg p.o.) until day 28 along with the CUMS. Thereafter, behavioral battery tests like locomotor score, sucrose preference test, forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed. Biochemical assays like lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in the mice brain homogenate.

Results: (4a) Dose dependently attenuated the behavioral alterations by increasing the sucrose consumption, reducing the immobility time in FST and TST, increasing the open arm number of entries and time in EPM. Furthermore, biochemical alterations were reversed by (4a) as examined by reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels like GSH, catalase and SOD.

Conclusions: (4a) exhibits antidepressant potential by reversing the CUMS induced behavioral and biochemical changes in mice.
Clinical application of fetal left modified myocardial performance index in the evaluation of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Nassr Ahmed Abobakr , Youssef Alaaeldin Abdelhamid , Zakherah Mahmoud Sayed , Ismail Alaa Mahmoud , Brost Brian Charles
Published: April 2014

Objective: This study aims to evaluate cardiac function in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compared with healthy fetuses, using the left modified myocardial performance index (MPI) and the association between MPI and perinatal outcome.

Methods: Pregnant women between 34 and 39 weeks of gestation, who met the criteria for IUGR and were scheduled for delivery at an Egyptian tertiary medical center, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Women in the same gestational-age group with uncomplicated pregnancies were included as a control group. MPI was measured in all fetuses. The IUGR group was analyzed based on normal and abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler. Perinatal outcomes were recorded.

Results: The mean left MPI was significantly higher in IUGR fetuses with abnormal UA Doppler (mean 0.58±SD 0.093) compared with healthy fetuses (mean 0.45±SD 0.070) (P<0.001). IUGR fetuses with abnormal left MPI showed significantly worse perinatal outcome and increased morbidity compared with the control group. IUGR fetuses with abnormal left MPI also showed significantly worse perinatal outcome compared with IUGR fetuses with normal MPI (whether the UA Doppler was normal or abnormal). The fetal MPI was associated with the severity of fetal compromise in IUGR fetuses based on the perinatal outcome.

Conclusion: MPI is a potentially useful tool in evaluating fetuses with suspected IUGR, which is crucial in classifying IUGR pregnancies into critical and non-critical cases and in predicting neonatal outcome.
Crystal structure of (E)-(2-((2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)methylene)- N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide, C16H15N3O2S
Authors: Chen Shi-Yao , Guo Feng-Min , Huang Yang-Ye , Ma Jian , Li Na , Sun Juan
Published: April 2014

C16H15N3O2S, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 5.2111(6) Å, b = 10.843(1) Å, c = 13.681(1) Å, α = 79.769(3)°, β = 86.485(3)°, γ = 86.080(4)°, V = 758.0 Å3, Z = 10, Rgt(F) = 0.0587, wRref(F2) = 0.1652, T = 273 K.
Crystal structure of catena[dichlorido-1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1- ylmethyl)benzene-cadmium(II)]–N,N-dimethylformamide–water (2:2:1), [CdCl2(C24H22N4)]-C3N2O2H7-0.5H2O, C54H60Cd2Cl4N10O3
Authors: Xu Chun-Ying , Chu Wenjuan , Wang Shimin , Zhang Yalin
Published: April 2014

C54H60Cd2Cl4N10O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.552(2) Å, b = 26.647(5) Å, c = 11.094(2) Å, β = 98.23(3)°, V = 2794.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0485, wRref(F2) = 0.0968, T = 293 K.
Fine Mapping Reveals That Promotion Susceptibility Locus 1 (Psl1) Is a Compound Locus With Multiple Genes That Modify Susceptibility to Skin Tumor Development
Authors: Angel Joe M , Abel Erika L , Riggs Penny K , McClellan S Alex , DiGiovanni John
Published: April 2014

Although it is well known that the majority of human cancers occur as the result of exposure to environmental carcinogens, it is clear that not all individuals exposed to a specific environmental carcinogen have the same risk of developing cancer. Considerable evidence indicates that common allelic variants of low-penetrance, tumor susceptibility genes are responsible for this interindividual variation in risk. We previously reported a skin tumor promotion susceptibility locus, Psl1, which maps to the distal portion of chromosome 9, that modified skin tumor promotion susceptibility in the mouse. Furthermore, Psl1 was shown to consist of at least two subloci (i.e., Psl1.1 and Psl1.2) and that glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (Gsta4), which maps to Psl1.2, is a skin tumor promotion susceptibility gene. Finally, variants of human GSTA4 were found to be associated with risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. In the current study, a combination of nested and contiguous C57BL/6 congenic mouse strains, each inheriting a different portion of the Psl1 locus from DBA/2, were tested for susceptibility to skin tumor promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These analyses indicate that Psl1 is a compound locus with at least six genes, including Gsta4, that modify skin tumor promotion susceptibility. More than 550 protein-coding genes map within the Psl1 locus. Fine mapping of the Psl1 locus, along with two-strain haplotype analysis, gene expression analysis, and the identification of genes with amino acid variants, has produced a list of fewer than 25 candidate skin tumor promotion susceptibility genes.
Unique and Shared Functions of Nuclear Lamina LEM Domain Proteins in Drosophila
Authors: Barton Lacy J , Wilmington Shameika R , Martin Melinda J , Skopec Hannah M , Lovander Kaylee E , Pinto Belinda S , Geyer Pamela K
Published: April 2014

The nuclear lamina is an extensive protein network that contributes to nuclear structure and function. LEM domain (LAP2, emerin, MAN1 domain, LEM-D) proteins are components of the nuclear lamina, identified by a shared ∼45-amino-acid motif that binds Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), a chromatin-interacting protein. Drosophila melanogaster has three nuclear lamina LEM-D proteins, named Otefin (Ote), Bocksbeutel (Bocks), and dMAN1. Although these LEM-D proteins are globally expressed, loss of either Ote or dMAN1 causes tissue-specific defects in adult flies that differ from each other. The reason for such distinct tissue-restricted defects is unknown. Here, we generated null alleles of bocks, finding that loss of Bocks causes no overt adult phenotypes. Next, we defined phenotypes associated with lem-d double mutants. Although the absence of individual LEM-D proteins does not affect viability, loss of any two proteins causes lethality. Mutant phenotypes displayed by lem-d double mutants differ from baf mutants, suggesting that BAF function is retained in animals with a single nuclear lamina LEM-D protein. Interestingly, lem-d double mutants displayed distinct developmental and cellular mutant phenotypes, suggesting that Drosophila LEM-D proteins have developmental functions that are differentially shared with other LEM-D family members. This conclusion is supported by studies showing that ectopically produced LEM-D proteins have distinct capacities to rescue the tissue-specific phenotypes found in single lem-d mutants. Our findings predict that cell-specific mutant phenotypes caused by loss of LEM-D proteins reflect both the constellation of LEM-D proteins within the nuclear lamina and the capacity of functional compensation of the remaining LEM-D proteins.
A RAD-Tag Genetic Map for the Platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) Reveals Mechanisms of Karyotype Evolution Among Teleost Fish
Authors: Amores Angel , Catchen Julian , Nanda Indrajit , Warren Wesley , Walter Ron , Schartl Manfred , Postlethwait John H
Published: April 2014

Mammalian genomes can vary substantially in haploid chromosome number even within a small taxon (e.g., 3–40 among deer alone); in contrast, teleost fish genomes are stable (24–25 in 58% of teleosts), but we do not yet understand the mechanisms that account for differences in karyotype stability. Among perciform teleosts, platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) both have 24 chromosome pairs, but threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and green pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) have just 21 pairs. To understand the evolution of teleost genomes, we made a platyfish meiotic map containing 16,114 mapped markers scored on 267 backcross fish. We tiled genomic contigs along the map to create chromosome-length genome assemblies. Genome-wide comparisons of conserved synteny showed that platyfish and medaka karyotypes remained remarkably similar with few interchromosomal translocations but with numerous intrachromosomal rearrangements (transpositions and inversions) since their lineages diverged ∼120 million years ago. Comparative genomics with platyfish shows how reduced chromosome numbers in stickleback and green pufferfish arose by fusion of pairs of ancestral chromosomes after their lineages diverged from platyfish ∼195 million years ago. Zebrafish and human genomes provide outgroups to root observed changes. These studies identify likely genome assembly errors, characterize chromosome fusion events, distinguish lineage-independent chromosome fusions, show that the teleost genome duplication does not appear to have accelerated the rate of translocations, and reveal the stability of syntenies and gene orders in teleost chromosomes over hundreds of millions of years.
fastSTRUCTURE: Variational Inference of Population Structure in Large SNP Data Sets
Authors: Raj Anil , Stephens Matthew , Pritchard Jonathan K
Published: April 2014

Tools for estimating population structure from genetic data are now used in a wide variety of applications in population genetics. However, inferring population structure in large modern data sets imposes severe computational challenges. Here, we develop efficient algorithms for approximate inference of the model underlying the STRUCTURE program using a variational Bayesian framework. Variational methods pose the problem of computing relevant posterior distributions as an optimization problem, allowing us to build on recent advances in optimization theory to develop fast inference tools. In addition, we propose useful heuristic scores to identify the number of populations represented in a data set and a new hierarchical prior to detect weak population structure in the data. We test the variational algorithms on simulated data and illustrate using genotype data from the CEPH–Human Genome Diversity Panel. The variational algorithms are almost two orders of magnitude faster than STRUCTURE and achieve accuracies comparable to those of ADMIXTURE. Furthermore, our results show that the heuristic scores for choosing model complexity provide a reasonable range of values for the number of populations represented in the data, with minimal bias toward detecting structure when it is very weak. Our algorithm, fastSTRUCTURE, is freely available online at http://pritchardlab.stanford.edu/structure.html.
Horizontal Bone Augmentation Using Autogenous Block Grafts and Particulate Xenograft in the Severe Atrophic Maxillary Anterior Ridges: A Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Case Series
Authors: Monje Alberto , Monje Florencio , Hernández-Alfaro Federico , Gonzalez-García Raúl , Suárez-López del Amo Fernando , Galindo-Moreno Pablo , Montanero-Fernández Jesús , Wang Hom-Lay
Published: April 2014

The aim of the present study was to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) to assess horizontal bone augmentation using block grafts, harvested from either the iliac crest (IC) or mandibular ramus (MR) combined with particulate xenograft and a collagen membrane for in the severe maxillary anterior ridge defects (cases Class III-IV according to Cadwood and Howell's classification). Fourteen healthy partially edentulous patients requiring extensive horizontal bone reconstruction in the anterior maxilla were selected for the study. Nineteen onlay block grafts (from IC or MR) were placed. The amount of horizontal bone gain was recorded by CBCT at 3 levels (5, 7, and 11 mm from the residual ridge) and at the time of bone grafting as well as the time of implant placement (≈5 months). Both block donor sites provided enough ridge width for proper implant placement. Nonetheless, IC had significantly greater ridge width gain than MR (Student t test) (4.93 mm vs 3.23 mm). This was further confirmed by nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (P = .007). Moreover, mean pristine ridge and grafted ridge values showed a direct association (Spearman coefficient of correlation = .336). A combination of block graft, obtained from the IC or MR, combined with particulate xenograft then covered with an absorbable collagen membrane is a predictable technique for augmenting anterior maxillary horizontal ridge deficiency.
Photocatalytic removal of Eosin Y by TiO2 and ZnO catalysts
Authors: Mandavgane Susmita A. , Mohabansi Nita P. , Yenkie Mahesh Kumar N.
Published: April 2014

The effluent from the textile, paper and food industries containing dye is strongly colored and reveals very harmful effects on living things. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an effective treatment method for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewaters. In this work, the photocatalytic degradation of Eosin Y dyes is reported. The irradiation of aqueous solution of Eosin Y dyes in the presence of photocatalyst and UV light was carried out in a batch photoreactor. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide were used as photocatalysts for the study. The rate of degradation was estimated from residual concentration spectro photometrically. The effects of operating conditions such as Eosin Y initial pH, H2O2/COD ratio and the amount of catalyst loading on the removal efficiency were evaluated. The results of experiments indicated that the removal of Eosin Y increased with increasing the catalyst loading. Results show that maximum degradation efficiency of 99·91% occurred in 60 min with 30 mg/750 ml of titanium dioxide catalyst dose.
Disturbance, productivity, and species diversity: empiricism vs. logic in ecological theory
Authors: Huston Michael A.
Published: April 2014

The “intermediate disturbance hypothesis” and the “intermediate productivity hypothesis” have been widely recognized concepts for explaining patterns of species diversity for the past 40 years. While these hypotheses have generated numerous reviews and meta‐analyses, as well as persistent criticism, two prominent papers have recently concluded that both of these hypotheses should be abandoned because of theoretical weaknesses and failure to predict observed diversity patterns. I review these criticisms in the context of the continuing tension between logic and empiricism in the development of ecological theory, and conclude that most of the criticisms are misguided because they fail to recognize the inherent connections between these two hypotheses, and consequently fail to test them appropriately. The logic of every hypothesis is based on the underlying assumptions. In the case of these two hypotheses, the assumptions on which the criticisms of their logic depend are falsified by the strong empirical support for the linked predictions of the hypotheses. This conclusion calls for a reevaluation of the basic assumptions upon which most of ecological competition and diversity theory is based.
Plant remains from the Polish Triassic. Present knowledge and future prospects
Authors: Pacyna Grzegorz
Published: April 2014

The Triassic plant macrofossils of Poland are very poorly known. There are few Triassic rock exposures here, they contain very few plant specimens, there is little scientific interest in the subject, and the rare plant remains found in drill cores are of low stratigraphical significance. The Lower Triassic macroflora is surprisingly poorer taxonomically than coeval European floras, and only single specimens have been found. The flora of the Middle Triassic is even poorer as a result of the Muschelkalk sea transgression. Only the Upper Triassic floras contain many specimens and taxa. The Upper Triassic macrofloras from Polish territory are well known since the early 19th century. Pioneering descriptions of these floras were given by Goeppert and Raciborski. From the Polish Triassic, the seed fern Lepidopteris ottonis (index species for the Rhaetian stage) and Neocalamites lehmannianus (sphenopsid species typical of almost all European Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic floras) were described for the first time ever. In the 20th century only single specimens were described from outcrops and drill cores. Barbacka revised Lepidopteris ottonis specimens from old collections and described some new material. Palynological research on Triassic strata in Poland intensified from the 1970s on. That work has produced spore-pollen and megaspore zonations for Triassic strata in Poland, but the correlation of the dispersed spores and pollen grains with their parent plants is low. The Polish Triassic flora is comprised of ferns, lycopsids, sphenopsids, cycads, bennettitaleans, ginkgoaleans and conifers. This flora is taxonomically poorer than equally old and geographically close European floras. All available data about Polish Triassic plants fossils are critically summarised in this paper for the first time. The biostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical correlations of Polish Triassic floras with other European Triassic floras are outlined. New macrofloral assemblages for the Lower and Middle Triassic and macrofloral assemblage zones for the Upper Triassic are proposed for Poland. Recent new finds of taxonomically rich, abundant and well-preserved floras accompanying vertebrate remains in Silesia provide an opportunity for comprehensive research on Polish Triassic floras. This should improve our perception of their taxonomy and allow them to be described in evolutionary and palaeoecological contexts