bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Copper Surfaces Using Cold Spray Shot Peening
Authors: Razavipour Maryam , Singh Naveen , Jodoin Bertrand , Gonzalez Mayte , Alarcon Emilio , Villafuerte Julio
Published: September 2021

Metal surface characteristics play a significant role in interacting with their biological environment. Copper surfaces have been identified for their antimicrobial properties. Improvement of antibacterial and antiviral performances can be tailored by surface microstructure modification. Severe plastic deformation is an effective surface modification procedure to improve the mechanical performance of metal surfaces. This technique can be adapted to obtain surface grain refinement and induce surface roughness. In this work, cold spray shot peening is used to modify copper substrate surfaces and study the effects on their antibacterial properties. To modify the grain structure of copper, different shot-peening parameters were examined. The surface roughness and microstructure were investigated by employing optical and scanning electron microscopy. The bactericidal activity of copper substrates after shot peening treatment is discussed and a comparison between the bacterial load on treated (shot-peened surface and cold sprayed copper coating) and untreated surfaces (as-received) is provided. Testing of the surfaces after their exposure to the biological environment demonstrated improved microbial inactivation performances for surfaces that had undergone grain refinement without exceeding a certain roughness value.
EXPRESSÃO GÊNICA DO METABOLISMO LIPÍDICO DA CHIA SOB DOSES DE FÓSFORO
Authors: Silva Tiago Roque Benetoli da , Soares Debora Fernanda Del Moura , Stracieri Juliana , Ducheski Rhaizza Lana Pereira , Silva Gessica Daiane da
Published: September 2021

A chia (Salvia hispanica L.) é uma planta anual herbácea considerada como fonte natural de ácidos graxos ômega-3, fibras, proteínas e antioxidantes. No entanto o cultivo no Brasil ainda é recente e as informações e recomendações técnicas existentes são limitadas, principalmente a respeito de adubação e época de semeadura. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de fósforo na expressão de genes responsáveis pela síntese de lipídios da cultura da chia. Foi conduzido o experimento em na Fazenda de Universidade Estadual de Maringá no Campus Regional de Umuarama. O solo usado no experimento é um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, com textura arenosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro doses de P2O5 aplicados na semeadura (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1). Foi avaliada a expressão dos genes responsáveis pelo metabolismo de lipídios OLE1 e MGAT.
Palavras-chave: Salvia hispânica; teor de óleo; adubação fosfatada.
 
Lipid metabolism gene expression of chia under phosphorus rates
 
ABSTRACT: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an annual herbaceous plant considered as a natural omega-3 fatty acids, fibers, proteins and antioxidants source. However, cultivation in Brazil is still recent and the existing information and technical recommendations are limited, mainly regarding fertilization. Therefore, the present work aimed the phosphorus rates application effect on the genes expression responsible for chia plants lipid synthesis. The experiment was conducted at farm of Universidade Estadual de Maringá at the Regional Campus of Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four and five replications. The treatments were composed of four rates of P2O5 at sowing (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1). The expression of the genes responsible for lipid metabolism OLE1 and MGAT.
Key words: Salvia hispanica; oil meaning; phosphate fertilization.
Extracellular Matrix Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Optic Vesicles
Authors: Wang Heuy-Ching , R. Kaini Ramesh , Rettinger Christina L. , Wang Heuy-Ching
Published: September 2021

Background: Human tissue/organ development is a complex, highly orchestrated process, regulated in part by the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Every complex tissue, including the retina, has a unique ECM configuration that plays a critical role in cellular differentiation, adhesion, migration, and maturation.
Aim: To characterize ECM expression of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived optic vesicles (iPSC-OVs).
Methods: A 3- dimensional (3D) in vitro suspension culture system was used to direct differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into optic vesicles (OVs). Stepwise differentiation of iPSCs into retinal progenitor cells was confirmed by sequential expression of OTX2, SOX1, SIX6, LHX2, PAX6, and CHX10. Expression of ECM genes in iPSC-derived OVs was analyzed by RT2 ProfilerTM PCR Array, whereas immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect ECM proteins in the OVs.
Results: A number of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) previously reported to be abundantly expressed in iPSCs such as E-cadherin, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), Integrin-α L, Integrin-α M, Integrin-α 6 were downregulated while neural and retina specific CAMs including neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), neural plakophilin-related armadillo repeat protein (NPRAP), Integrin-α 1 and Integrin-α 4 were upregulated. Several glycoproteins that have been reported to play key roles during retinogenesis, namely CD44, Tenascin C, Tenascin R, Neurocan, Neuroglycan C, Delta 2 Catenin, Vitronectin, and Reelin were also present.
Conclusion: We have identified an array of ECM proteins that were expressed during retinogenesis. Further characterization of these proteins will lead to a better understanding of retinal development.
Hematological Parameters in Sudanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Adam Nassreldeen
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex concept for a spectrum of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and a variety of complications, comprising metabolic and cellular disturbances that lead to vascular complications. The objective of this project was to correlate type 2 diabetes patients to healthy controls in aspects of hematological indices and their association with demographic data. Materials and Methods: From May to September 2016, a case-control analysis has been performed in Khartoum, Sudan. 154 participants were enrolled in this study. 104 participant were diabetic type 2 and 50 were apparently healthy as control group to find out any variations in hematological parameters HbA1C and CBC: (Hb, WBCs & differential, RBCs& indices and PLTs, hematocrit (HCT) among type 2 diabetic patients. Blood was gathered in EDTA containers. HbA1C measured using i-CHROMATM and complete blood count using the Sysmex® Kx21-N hematological analyzer. Before samples collection, each participant gave their informed consent, which had been approved by the Ministry of Health's ethical committee. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) SPSS version 20 was used. The meaning of the discrepancies was assessed using the Crosstab test. p- Value is significant at P< 0.05. Results: T2DM patients had a statically significant in white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes as comparison to the control group P<0.05. There was no considerable difference in red blood cell count, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Platelets count, MPV, and PDW between the two classes P> 0.05. Conclusion: T2DM patients had relatively increased levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than the control group (P<0.05).
Determinants and Outcomes of Mortality among Extremely Preterm Infants From a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand: 15-Year Experience
Authors: Janjindamai Waricha , Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Disneevate Supaporn , Maneenil Gunlawadee
Published: September 2021

Objective: It remains unclear if changes in neonatal care have resulted in better outcomes for extremely preterm infants (EPTs). This study was to evaluate neonatal mortality and morbidity in EPTs.Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of EPTs at a gestational age (GA) ≤28 weeks, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2004 and December 2018. The study was divided into 2 periods, from 2004-2010 and 2011-2018. The likelihood ratio test in Multiple Cox regression models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for differences in mortality among the two periods.Results: A total of 188 EPTs were enrolled. The overall median (interquartile range), GA and birth weight of the enrolled infants were 26 (25, 27) weeks and 780 (667, 875) g, respectively. The mortality rate was 66/188 (35.1%). The mortality rate between 2004-2010 and 2011-2018 decreased from 44.6% to 32.8%, but was not statistically significant (p-value=0.170). Multiple Cox regression analysis of mortality rate demonstrated statistical significance with infants of 23-24 and 25-26 weeks GA VS 27-28 weeks GA [aHR 3.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.95, 7.58), p-value<0.010] and [aHR 1.92, 95% CI (1.09, 3.35), p-value<0.010], respectively. Pregnancy complications [aHR 2.24, 95% CI (0.96, 5.24), p-value=0.040)] and EPTs intubated VS early CPAP at birth [aHR 2.41, 95% CI (1.36, 4.25), p-value<0.010] were statistically significant.Conclusion: The mortality rate of EPTs decreased with advancing GA. Prenatal care of pregnancy complications and improving care practices might reduce the mortality rate.
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence Among Hospital Based and Community Dwelling Women: A Survey
Authors: Nipa Shamima Islam , Sriboonreung Thanyaluck , Paungmali Aatit , Phongnarisorn Chailert
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among hospital based patients and community dwelling women.Material and Methods: This prevalence survey was conducted with 334 respondents, using the Medical Epidemiological and Social Aspects of Aging and Incontinence Severity Index questionnaire.Results: UI was highly prevalent in hospital patients; 34.1% (n=57) compared to community dwelling women; 10.2% (n=17). This study’s findings determined a significant association of age along with the severity of UI among hospital based women, considering a p-value=0.030. In addition, this study illustrated a substantial association of musculo-skeletal conditions along with the severity of UI among hospital based women considering a p-value=0.018. Consequently, there was a significant association of musculo-skeletal conditions along with the severity of UI in community dwelling women (p-value=0.040).Conclusion: Hospital based patients with musculoskeletal conditions predominantly suffered with UI more so than the community dwelling women. Further studies should be conducted to establish the reasons for the difference in ratios of UI among hospital based and community dwelling women.
New data on Tremellia (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Phaloriinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: September 2021

The genus Tremellia Stål, previously known from a single female, is redescribed on the basis of new material from the Philippines. T. mindoro sp. n. and female of T. fratercula (Chop.) are described.
Mortality Rate of Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: The Prognostic Role of Ejection Fraction and Procalcitonin
Authors: Hejazi Mohammad Esmaeil , Samadi Takaldani Ali Hossein , Ranjbar Abdolmohammad , Negaresh Mohammad , Hejazi Yasin
Published: September 2021

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Experimental and Bioinformatic Clues to the Potential Roles of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in Clinopathophysiology of Breast Cancer
Authors: Firoozi Zahra , Mansoori Yaser , Saeidi Kolsoum , Mohammadi Soleimani Elham , Daraei Abdolreza , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Saleh-Gohari Nasrollah
Published: September 2021

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed single-stranded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play pivotal roles in development and progression of breast cancer (BC). Although the roles of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in some malignancies have been explored, their function and expression in breast tumors are still unknown. This study was aimed to bioinformatically and experimentally evaluates the expression and potential function of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in BC. Materials and Methods: The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to determine the expression of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in 50 tumor samples and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Besides, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify potentially important competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks that are regulated by these circRNAs using some databases and software tools. Results: The hsa_circ_0013958 was significantly down-regulated in breast tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues, while the hsa_circ_0003028 had an upregulated pattern. Interestingly, it is found the higher expression of hsa_circ_0013958 showed association with a lack of use of hair dye as well as age at menarche ≥14 years in subjects. On the other hand, hsa_circ_0003028 expression was meaningfully related to age at first full-term pregnancy, antiperspirants use, and regular menstruation. Next, we found that these two circRNAs can potentially regulate some circRNAs-mediated miRNA sponge regulatory networks. Conclusion: The current work indicated that the hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 had reverse expression patterns in breast tumors, and it seems that they play key roles in the physiopathology of this cancer through potential key regulatory ceRNA functions. However, further functional studies are needed to validate these bioinformatically observed roles. [GMJ.2021;10:e2064]
The Desire to Disappear in Order Not to Disappear
Authors: Malmström Maria Frederika
Published: September 2021

This article tells a story of the aftermath of the ‘failed revolution’ in Egypt through the prism of sound and gendered political prisoner bodies. It created embodied reactions among Cairene men—years after their lived prison experiences—in which depression, sorrow, stress, paranoia, rage, or painful body memories are prevalent. Affect theory shows how sonic vibrations—important stimuli within everyday experience, with a unique power to induce strong affective states—mediate consciousness, including heightened states of attention and anxiety. Sound, or the lack thereof, stimulates, disorients, transforms, and controls. The sound of life is transformed into the sound of death; the desire to disappear in order not to disappear again produces ‘ghost bodies’ alienated from the ‘new Egypt’, but from the family and the self too.
Die Steuerung multiprofessioneller Zusammenarbeit in Ganztagsschulen durch Schulleitende
Authors: Preis Nina
Published: September 2021

Schulleitende werden traditionell als zentrale Akteur*innen in der Sicherung und Entwicklung der Qualität von Bildung verstanden. Seit der Erweiterung der Gestaltungsautonomie von Schule in den 1990er Jahren wurde diese Position verstärkt, was unter anderem dazu geführt hat, dass sie nun auch eine Schlüsselrolle bei der (Um-) Gestaltung der Personal- und Kooperationsstruktur in der Institution Schule einnehmen. Dies gewinnt besondere Relevanz dadurch, dass Schulen vor dem Hintergrund des quantitativen wie qualitativen Ausbaus von Ganztagsschulen sowie der parallelen Transformation zu einem inklusiven Bildungssystem vor die Aufgabe gestellt werden, sich vermehrt für andere pädagogische Professionen, zum Beispiel Sozialarbeiter*innen oder Erzieher*innen, zu öffnen. Bislang kaum untersucht ist allerdings, wie Schulleitende diese bildungspolitischen Anforderungen unter Voraussetzung ihrer jeweiligen Schule bearbeiten und welche Orientierungen dabei leitend sind. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Studie greift dieses Desiderat auf und befasst sich auf Basis von zwölf leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Schulleitenden hessischer Grundschulen mit der Frage, welche handlungsleitenden Orientierungen den Praktiken der Steuerung multiprofessioneller Zusammenarbeit zugrunde liegen.
Neuronal Deposition of Amyloid-β Oligomers and Hyperphosphorylated Tau Is Closely Connected with Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Dogs
Authors: Habiba Umma , Ozawa Makiko , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Descallar Joseph , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Summers Brian A. , Morley John W. , Tayebi Mourad
Published: September 2021

Background:

Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a progressive syndrome recognized in mature to aged dogs with a variety of neuropathological changes similar to human Alzheimer’s disease (AD), for which it is thought to be a good natural model. However, the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau) in dogs with CCD has only been demonstrated infrequently.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of p-Tau and amyloid-β oligomer (Aβo) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of dogs with CCD, with focus on an epitope retrieval protocol to unmask p-Tau.

Methods:

Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis of the cortical and hippocampal regions of five CCD-affected and two nondemented aged dogs using 4G8 anti-Aβp, anti-Aβ1 - 42 nanobody (PrioAD13) and AT8 anti-p-Tau (Ser202, Thr205) antibody were used to demonstrate the presence of Aβ plaques (Aβp) and Aβ1 - 42 oligomers and p-Tau deposits, respectively.

Results:

The extracellular Aβ senile plaques were of the diffuse type which lack the dense core normally seen in human AD. While p-Tau deposits displayed a widespread pattern and closely resembled the typical human neuropathology, they did not co-localize with the Aβp. Of considerable interest, however, widespread intraneuronal deposition of Aβ1 - 42 oligomers were exhibited in the frontal cortex and hippocampal region that co-localized with p-Tau.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these findings reveal further shared neuropathologic features of AD and CCD, supporting the case that aged dogs afflicted with CCD offer a relevant model for investigating human AD.
Deterministic policies based on maximum regrets in MDPs with imprecise rewards
Authors: Alizadeh Pegah , Traversi Emiliano , Osmani Aomar
Published: September 2021

Markov Decision Process Models (MDPs) are a powerful tool for planning tasks and sequential decision-making issues. In this work we deal with MDPs with imprecise rewards, often used when dealing with situations where the data is uncertain. In this context, we provide algorithms for finding the policy that minimizes the maximum regret. To the best of our knowledge, all the regret-based methods proposed in the literature focus on providing an optimal stochastic policy. We introduce for the first time a method to calculate an optimal deterministic policy using optimization approaches. Deterministic policies are easily interpretable for users because for a given state they provide a unique choice. To better motivate the use of an exact procedure for finding a deterministic policy, we show some (theoretical and experimental) cases where the intuitive idea of using a deterministic policy obtained after “determinizing” the optimal stochastic policy leads to a policy far from the exact deterministic policy.
Approximation factor of the piecewise linear functions in Mamdani fuzzy system and its realization process1
Authors: Tao Yujie , Suo Chunfeng , Wang Guijun
Published: September 2021

Piecewise linear function (PLF) is not only a generalization of univariate segmented linear function in multivariate case, but also an important bridge to study the approximation of continuous function by Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems. In this paper, the definitions of the PLF and subdivision are introduced in the hyperplane, the analytic expression of PLF is given by using matrix determinant, and the concept of approximation factor is first proposed by using m-mesh subdivision. Secondly, the vertex coordinates and their changing rules of the n-dimensional small polyhedron are found by dividing a three-dimensional cube, and the algebraic cofactor and matrix norm of corresponding determinants of piecewise linear functions are given. Finally, according to the method of solving algebraic cofactors and matrix norms, it is proved that the approximation factor has nothing to do with the number of subdivisions, but the approximation accuracy has something to do with the number of subdivisions. Furthermore, the process of a specific binary piecewise linear function approaching a continuous function according to infinite norm in two dimensions space is realized by a practical example, and the validity of PLFs to approximate a continuous function is verified by t-hypothesis test in Statistics.
German Medical Data Sciences in Studies in Health Technology and Informatics – Reflections on the Fifth Volume
Authors: Röhrig Rainer , Hübner Ursula , Sedlmayr Martin
Published: September 2021

Since 2017, the German Society for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology e.V. (GMDS) offers the submission of full papers to the annual meetings, optional in Studies in Health Technologies and Informatics (Stud HIT) or in GMS Medical Informatics, Biometrics, and Epidemiology (MIBE). GMDS’ aim is to increase the attractiveness of the conference and paper submission process in particular for young scientists and to increase the visibility of the conference. A standardized peer review process was established. Since 2017, a 25–35% of the contributions have been submitted as full papers. A total of 177 papers were published in Stud HTI. With an unofficial journal impact factor of 1.088 (2019) and 0.540 (2020), the papers were cited with a frequency similarly to national medical journals or full paper contributions of International medical informatics conferences.
ADT2FHIR – A Tool for Converting ADT/GEKID Oncology Data to HL7 FHIR Resources
Authors: Deppenwiese Noemi , Delpy Pierre , Lambarki Mohamed , Lablans Martin
Published: September 2021

Harmonized and interoperable data management is a core requirement for federated infrastructures in clinical research. Institutions participating in such infrastructures often have to invest large degrees of time and resources in implementing necessary data integration processes to convert their local data to the required target structure. If the data is already available in an alternative shared data structure, the transformation from source to the desired target structure can be implemented once and then be distributed to all participants to reduce effort and harmonize results. The HL7® FHIR® standard is used as a basis for the shared data model of several medical consortia like DKTK and GBA. It is based on so-called resources which can be represented in XML. Oncological data in German university hospitals is commonly available in the ADT/GEKID format. From this common basis we conceptualized and implemented a transformation which accepts ADT/GEKID XML files and returns FHIR resources. We identified several problems with using the general ADT/GEKID structure in federated research infrastructures, as well as some possible pitfalls relating to the FHIR need for resource ids and focus on semantic coding which differs from the approach in the ADT/GEKID standard. To facilitate participation in federated infrastructures, we propose the ADT2FHIR transformation tool for partners with oncological data in the ADT/GEKID format.
Citizen Science in Human Medicine and the Use of Software-Systems: A Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Schaaf Jannik , Neff Michaela , Scheidt Joerg , Steglich Michael , Storf Holger
Published: September 2021

Citizen science allows involving interested citizen in the entire research process in science. In the past, various citizen science projects have been performed in different research fields, especially in human medicine. We conducted a rapid scoping review to determine which citizen projects in human medicine already used software-based systems to engage citizens in the research process. Furthermore, we analysed which of the software-systems are publicly available, especially in the field of rare diseases, how citizens can participate using those tools and whether the usability was rated by the participants. To get insights for our project “SelEe (Seltene Erkrankungen bürgerwissenschaftlich erforschen)”, which is a citizen science project in rare diseases funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), we aimed to identify projects in this research area. We searched PubMed for articles between 2011 and 2021 and performed a title- and abstract screening, as well as a full-text screening. Finally, 12 studies were identified in different research areas like public health, genetic research and infectious diseases. We could not identify any study directly associated with rare diseases. None of the studies investigated usability of those systems. Furthermore, five publicly available citizen science software-systems were identified. Three of them are general systems that allow creating, operating, managing citizen science projects and including citizens in the research process. In further investigations, we will check and compare these systems, if they are appropriate for use in our SelEe-project.
Video registration of physicochemical processes in BOF cavity at bath top blowing at application oxygen lances of various designs. Report 2. The picture of bath blowing at application two-circuit lances
Authors: Chernyatevich A. G. , Molchanov L. C. , Sigarev E. N. , Dudchenko S. A. , Vakal’chuk V. V. , Yushkevich P. O. , Chubin K. I. , Pokhvalityi A. A. , Chubina E. A.
Published: September 2021

To elaborate blowing and slag modes, a clear picture of BOF bath blowing in various periods of heat is needed. It can be obtained by video registration of physicochemical processes in a BOF cavity. Results of video filming of BOF bath blowing with application two-circuit oxygen lances of five designs presented. Reliable information was obtained on rational form of organization of reaction zone of interaction of ultrasonic and sonic oxygen jets with BOF bath. The picture of physicochemical processes within the reaction zone of interaction of oxygen jets with metal, slag and gas phases of the cavity, preceded to a stable “ignition” of a heat and in the process of the whole heat. A possibility was revealed to accelerate the processes of lime dissolving and slag formation and phosphor removal intensification. The intensification can be accomplished by increase of the number of reaction zones of interaction of ultrasonic and sonic oxygen jets on bath surface and forming of foamed slag-metal emulsion, being stable within the basic part of blowing time. It was shown that at initial period of a heat, it is necessary to ensure consolidation of supersonic oxygen jets, coming out of different reaction zones of interaction. It will enable to oncoming jets to create a curtain on the way of metal and slag drops taking away, to form a flare of CO afterburning to CO2 and ensure heat energy transfer from them to mainly the bath surface. It was established that at the location of the foamed slag-metal emulsion level higher the head end of the lance, the high-temperature products of CO to CO2 afterburning reaction transfer the heat of CO surrounding macro bubble to the shell of slag-metal emulsion. An additional control effect of “hard” supersonic oxygen jets on the bath was also established when replacing the subsonic and sonic oxygen jets by nitrogen ones. At that the flow rate of nitrogen should be big enough to prevent the sealing of cylinder nozzles of the lance head by metal and slag drops during final stage of blowing. The variant of the final stage of blowing was checked experimentally by transfer to the “hard” supersonic oxygen blow, contributing to final metal and slag oxidation decrease.
Formation of carbonitrides and precipitation of alloying elements during thermomechanical treatment of high-strength low-alloy steels. Atomistic modeling
Authors: Shilyaev P. V. , Stekanov P. A. , Kornilov V. L. , Kaptsan F. V. , Urtsev V. N. , Shmakov A. V. , Khabibulin D. M. , Urtsev N. V. , Gornostyrev Yu. N. , Schastlivtsev V. M. , Sych O. V. , Platov S. I.
Published: September 2021

Understanding the processes that control the formation of precipitates of alloying element, their composition and morphology is important for the choosing of optimal regimes of thermomechanical treatment, providing the required structural state and properties of low-alloyed steels. The use of modern methods of atomistic modeling and ab initio calculations to study the mechanisms and conditions of precipitation depending on the steel composition and temperature is discussed. The enthalpy of formation of Ti, V, Nb carbides and nitrides in γ-Fe was calculated using the methods of the theory of the electron density functional and the temperatures of their dissolution were determined in dependence on the composition of the steel. The results obtained agree with the experimental data and obtained by the CALPHAD method. Calculations of the electronic structure, enthalpy of mixing, energy of effective interactions between atoms of alloying and impurity elements have been performed. It was shown that an essential factor determining the nature of the interaction between alloying elements was the magnetic state of iron. It has been established that the enthalpy of mixing, which expresses the tendency of the system to decomposition, increases with the transition of α-Fe from the ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic state. In ferromagnetic α-Fe energetically, the formation of precipitates of Cu, as well as particles of a mixed composition of Cu‒Al, Cu‒Ni and an ordered phase of NiAl are preferable. It has been shown that precipitates Cu-based can be formed during technological times. The transition of α-Fe to the paramagnetic state results in increase of interactions between alloying elements (the exception is the interaction of Cu‒Cu and Cu‒Ni). As a result, additional combinations of alloying elements appear, the interaction between which lead to the formation of precipitates. At the same time, in γ-Fe, precipitates can be formed only based on Mo and Nb. The role of magnetism in the formation of precipitates and their influence on the γ→α-transformation is discussed. It has been shown that the results obtained make a base for enhancement technologies of high-strength low-alloyed steel production.
On a possibility of replacing grey cast iron for manufacturing cast elements of electrolyzer gas collecting bell
Authors: Usol’tsev A. A. , Kozyrev N. A. , Knyazev S. V. , Kutsenko A. I. , Mikhno A. R.
Published: September 2021

The main process leading to the destruction of the cast elements of gas-collection bell of electrolyzer, made of grey cast iron, is the oxidation of iron by oxygen, SO2 gas and sulfur vapors to form magnetite, hematite and pyrrhotin. The simultaneous formation of iron oxides and sulfides does not prevent further corrosion, since scale is formed with a loose structure that does not have protective properties. Reducing the length of the interfacial boundaries inside the material of the cast enables to reduce the rate of corrosion destruction, which can be achieved by modifying the cast iron to change the shape of graphite inclusions, i.e. obtaining high-strength cast iron with a spherical shape of graphite inclusions. However, the obtaining spherical graphite in cast iron using magnesium modification does not exclude the access of aggressive gases to the surface of the products and the possibility of their diffusion along the grain boundaries. It was shown that alloying can be an alternative, which leads not only to the exclusion of lamellar secretions of graphite in the structure of cast iron, but also to the formation of surface oxide layers based on the alloying element preventing the corrosion. Alloying with chromium gives cast iron high abrasive resistance due to the presence of a carbide component in the structure, as well as corrosion resistance due to the alloying of the metal base, heat resistance due to increasing the electrochemical potential of the metal base and creating a strong neutral oxide film on the surface of the castings, heat resistance, etc. An experimental comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance of cast iron used for manufacturing of gas collecting bell of electrolyzers showed that chromic cast iron ЧХ3 has a higher corrosion resistance than high-strength cast iron with spherical graphite ВЧ50 and much higher than grey cast iron with lamellar graphite. However, chromic cast iron ЧХ3 has low casting properties, is very sensitive to the cooling rate and has a large heterogeneity in structure, which makes it difficult to use it for the manufacture of gas collecting bell of electrolyzers.
competência do tribunal de contas no controle de processos de concorrência pública no Brasil e na França
Authors: Pinheiro Hendrick , Braga Vicente Martins Prata
Published: September 2021

O artigo adota o método exploratório-descritivo, concebido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica que busca promover análise comparativa entre as competências e a atuação dos órgãos responsáveis pelo controle de contas no Brasil e na França nos processos de contratação pública. Considerando os problemas que podem ser derivados da amplitude da competência dos tribunais de contas no Brasil, e a partir da experiência francesa, propõe-se, ao final, a adoção de uma postura mais voltada à avaliação das políticas públicas e à promoção da transparência em detrimento do exercício de uma função jurisdicional pelos tribunais de contas brasileiros, em especial em relação aos processos licitatórios, cuja avaliação da legalidade dos atos envolvidos poderia ficar a cargo dos órgãos de controle interno e mesmo judicial.
INDIVIDUAL PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO PREVENT HOOLIGANISM
Authors:   Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Demchyshyn Dmytro
Published: September 2021

The article examines individual preventive measures to prevent hooliganism. Under the individual prevention of hooliganism, it was proposed to understand a complex of criminal and psychological measures and means aimed at the timely identification, prevention and correction of a person's personal qualities (value orientations, motives, etc.), which distort in her mind, prohibitions on violation of public order and morality are established and cause the desire to do hooligan actions with the aim of self-realization and demonstration of antisocial behavior. Most of the individual-prophylactic means of preventing hooliganism is to establish and correct personality traits that push it to demonstrate its aggression and insolence. The following stages of preventing hooliganism at the individual level are proposed: 1) identification of persons inclined to commit hooliganism (having certain dependencies, were brought to administrative / criminal liability for hooliganism, etc.); 2) establishing the features of the mechanism of criminal-illegal behavior (determination complex); 3) study of the personality of a criminal offender, his civic position and role in society (microsocial ties); 4) planning of measures taking into account the individual determination complex of the offender; 5) implementation of individual prophylactic means; 6) fixation of the achieved results and temporary control in order to timely prevent relapse. It is noted that the problem of preventing hooliganism is that it is often difficult to predict such actions, since sometimes even the offender himself cannot be responsible for his reactions to objective pathogens. It is believed that negative personality traits (their list are not exhaustive), both individually and in combination with others can form an unlawful aspiration of a person to commit a criminal offense. That is why the importance of timely identification of persons potentially capable of antisocial behavior is emphasized.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FORCED FORM OF INVESTIGATION OF A JUVENILE SUSPECT
Authors:   Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Babenko Olha
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of such an investigative (investigative) action as an examination carried out in a coercive form against a minor suspect. The national and international legislation in the field of protection of the rights of children who have committed a crime and the peculiarities of criminal proceedings with such a vulnerable category are analyzed. It is noted that the current provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine do not contain a regulated procedure for compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect. Such non-determination of the legal norm presupposes the investigator to conduct a compulsory examination at his own discretion, which sometimes significantly violates the rights of children. Attention is drawn to the views of scientists on the feasibility, legality and admissibility of investigative (search) action in the form of compulsory examination. It has been established that scientists have different opinions about the need to conduct a survey in a coercive form. Scientists distinguish such concepts as “psychological” and “physical” coercion during the survey. It is proposed to reduce the psychological pressure on a person subject to compulsory examination by persuasion and work with a psychologist, which is especially relevant for a juvenile suspect. As a result of the research, it was established that the legal regulation of compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect should be conditioned by the principle of proportionality. Given the principle of proportionality and vulnerability of the procedural position of a juvenile suspect, his psychological and social immaturity, it was concluded that the use of coercion during the examination of a juvenile suspect is better dependent on the severity of the criminal offense in which the juvenile is suspected. In order to improve the procedural situation of a juvenile in the field of criminal justice, it is proposed to amend the national legislation on the compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect, witness or victim only in criminal proceedings for serious or particularly serious crimes.
A STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF A DENTAL FILM IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Khairzamanova K.A. , Averyanov S.V. , Gulyaeva O.A.
Published: September 2021

The most frequent complications of orthodontic treatment are mechanical damage to the oral mucosa by elements of orthodontic technique, manifested by hematomas, erosions or ulcers. Experimental studies prove the high efficiency of medicinal plants in their use as antibacterial, wound healing and anti-inflammatory agents. We have developed an original dental film based on plant components for the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa. The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of dental film containing dry extract of calendula flowers, dry extract of yarrow and propolis tincture in the experimental conditions. The object of morphological studies were the tissues of the mucous membrane of the cheek of rats (Mongrel mature male rats n=44 with a body weight of 250-300 g) in the zone of simulation of a mechanical wound. Sampling was performed on 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of the experiment. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson and Mallory. Under the conditions of the experiment, it was found that the dental phytoplankton used exhibits has a stimulating effect on the reparative processes of the oral mucosa: wound healing occurs at an earlier time, signs of the beginning of epithelization, fibroplastic reaction and foci of granulation tissue formation appear in the areas of damage already on the 3rd day from the beginning of the experiment.
MODERN METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGIC SKIN DISEASES
Authors: Mavlyanova Sh. Z. , Mullakhanov J.B. , Ismagilov A.I.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of allergic dermatoses, especially their severe cases, which are resistant to treatment. It results from environmental pollution, increased radiation background, the wide use of immunosuppressants, broad-spectrum antibiotics, etc. The disease is diagnosed based on the anamnesis, the results of skin and provocative tests, and the assessment of serum specific IgE. However, the diagnosis of allergic dermatoses presents some difficulties that are caused by polysensitization, when the above diagnostic methods for identifying a causally significant or true allergen are sometimes not sufficient. The introduction of modern methods of diagnosing allergic dermatoses into dermatological practice will allow doctors to expand the methodological tactics of optimal therapy methods, which ultimately will result in the improvement of the quality of life of patients. The present article analyzes modern methods for the diagnosis of allergic skin diseases that contribute to determining the severity of the clinical course and patient management tactics.
TEMPERATURE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN THE HYDRATION PROPERTIES OF THE Cl- ANION IN HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Kozlova E.D. , Nemeshev I.D. , Donets A.V.
Published: September 2021

The work with the biological objects has been carried out on the basis of a previously developed methodology for the study of the hydration properties of various molecular groups in solutions containing organic components. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method has become the main experimental method, with the help of which it has become possible to detect and theoretically describe the temperature effect of changing the hydration properties of certain anions in water-salt and multicomponent solutions. This effect has also been recorded for the anions of chlorine, one of the most common chemical elements in the bodies of the living tissue. This work is a continuation of a series of works on the study of the possible influence of this effect on the thermoregulation of living tissue. This work is carried out at the confluence of physics, chemistry and biology, taking into account the knowledge accumulated in the world on the physical and chemical description of the systems under study to obtain an explanation of a biologically significant result. For the first time, such a study was carried out with biological objects characteristic of the human body - with blood and saliva. This effect should work throughout the whole body, given the presence of blood in all its structures. In the study of saliva which has been carried out, this effect was found as well. The results of the work expand and clarify the previously proposed hypothesis of thermoregulation of warm-blooded living tissue. The proposed feedback in the energy processes control system should work with different biological solutions characteristic of living objects. The work implements an approach notable for its logical simplicity, but at the same time this approach allows to connect the latest possibilities of modern science in the field of interdisciplinary research.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMOKING AND THE ANTIPLATELET EFFECT OF CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Lukianets K. Yu. , Lyndina M.L.
Published: September 2021

Clopidogrel is the most widely used P2Y12 inhibitor, which is administered for secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and coronary stenting. Given the complexity of the clopidogrel metabolism and variety of potential drug-drug interactions, the issue of individual variability of its antiplatelet effects is of paramount concern. Another issue of clinical relevance is related to so-called “smoker’s paradox”. This phenomenon implies that in some patients smoking is associated with increased antiplatelet potency of clopidogrel. In this review, we analyze recent international data on the features of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel, plausible mechanisms of the “smoker’s paradox” and its clinical significance in patients with coronary artery disease. Comparative efficacy of available P2Y12 inhibitors and possible implications of smoking are considered. Pharmacogenetic aspects and the issues of personalized antiplatelet therapy are discussed.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LONG-TERM USAGE OF DIFFERENT DOSAGES OF INHALED GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Ortemenka Ye. P. , Krasnova T.V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Data on the effect of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS) on the physical development of children remain controversial.
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the dose-dependent effect of IGCS on the anthropometric parameters of children with bronchial asthma (BA).
Patients and methods. The centile method was used to assess the physical development of 50 children with BA. Group I included 21 patients who received low/medium doses of IGCS, and group II was composed of 29 patients who used medium/high doses of IGCS for BA control. Results. Normal (10-90 percentiles) growth according to the age was observed in the majority of patients of the I (76.9% of cases) and II (72.4% of individuals) groups (p>0.05), despite their long-term use of IGCS. On average, the body mass index (BMI) was within the absolute norm: 19.2±0.6 kg/m2 in the I group and 21.3±0.7 kg/m2 in the II group (p<0.05). Overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2) was recorded in 13.8% of patients in the II group and in 4.8% of children in the I group (p>0.05).
Conclusion. The negative impact of the long-term use of IGCS, even in high doses, on growth and body weight of the asthmatic children was not confirmed. Statistically significant associations of obesity and short stature with prolonged usage of medium-high or high doses of IGCS was not found: the relative risk of excessive body weight was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.17-11.97), while the relative risk of short stature was 1.3 (95% CI: 0.15-11.89).
Development forecast of root rot and perspective material of spring soft wheat breeding of FARC of the North-East
Authors: Harina Anastasiya , Schekleina Lyuciya
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The aim of the study is to predict the level of damage to the root system of spring soft wheat by fusarium infection in the conditions of the Kirov region and to identify promising disease-resistant lines. Methods. The object of research was 146 lines of spring soft wheat of the FARC of the North-East selection, which were sown annually against an infections background of fusarium root rot. Results. As a result of many years of research (2004-2006 u 2009˗2020) it was found that a high level of infection of plants of spring soft wheat by root rot was observed in years with an average daily air temperature in the first decade of July in the range from 15 to 23 °C and precipitation in the first decade of august of 30 or more millimeters. A rectilinear regression equation was obtained that reflects the quantitative variability of the disease development indicator from the total year of the weather index. A retrospective analysis of the expected (according to the forecast) and actual development of fusarium root rot on spring wheat showed a fairly high level of coincidence of the date obtained (67 %). Among the promising spring soft wheat lines of the FARC of the North-East selection, 3 (E-310, U-163 and T-79) with resistance to root rot were identified. Combining high resistance to the fusarium root rot and the yield of significantly higher than the standards, the breeding line E-310 can be recommended for transfer to variety testing. The selected highly and moderately resistant lines can be used in further breeding as sources of resistance to the disease. The decrease in grain weight from 1 m2 in susceptible lines compared to resistant ones was on average 83.4 g. The degree of development of the disease in plants affected the yield and weight of grain to a greater extent (d = 15.3 and 11.0 % respectively). In midseason lines the damage and development of root rot was 77.5 and 82.9 % respectively, determined by the duration of the “stands – heading” period. In early maturing lines showed a positive significant correlation between the duration of the “stands – heading” period and the development of root rot (r = +0.66).