bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hug-Hellmuth ou les impasses d'une conception objectivante de l'infantile
Authors: Lenormand Marie
Published: September 2012

Hermine von Hug-Hellmuth fut, avant Melanie Klein et Anna Freud, la première psychanalyste d’enfants. Pourtant, ses œuvres théoriques et cliniques au service d’une orthodoxie freudienne demeurent en général tout aussi peu connues que son existence tragique et exceptionnelle. S’inscrivant dans un questionnement épistémologique, cet article ne cherche pas situer les énoncés théoriques de cette théoricienne dans l’histoire des idées psychanalytiques, mais s’interroge sur les effets du « rapport à l’inconscient » de cette dernière – tel qu’il est repérable dans ses écrits – sur sa conception et sa pratique de la cure de l’enfant. L’auteur soutient l’hypothèse que, chez Hug-Hellmuth, la conception de l’infantile témoigne d’un malentendu métapsychologique et éthique fondamental qui eut des conséquences tragiques sur sa pratique, sa théorie ainsi que sur son existence. Au-delà ou plutôt via l’étude du cas singulier de pionnière de l’analyse de l’enfant, il s’agira donc de repérer, de manière actuelle, comment la position subjective d’un auteur se révèle décisive quant à la théorie et la pratique clinique mises en œuvre.
Masse et impuissance
Authors: Neau Françoise
Published: September 2012

L’auteur propose une lecture du roman de J. M. Coetzee, Disgrâce (1999). Ce roman actualise, avec la force analysante de l’œuvre littéraire, le questionnement freudien de Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi (1921). Si « la non-liberté de l’individu est le principal phénomène de la psychologie des masses », comment, jusqu’où et avec quel coût psychique dans une Afrique du Sud post-apartheid qui institutionnalise la vérité et la réconciliation, l’individu peut-il dans la fiction, et selon son genre, sa race, sa génération, être rejeté ou absorbé par la nouvelle « âme de masse » ? Quel travail de désillusion et de renoncement David, le personnage principal, et sa fille, Lucy, devront-ils effectuer, chacun à leur manière, pour « s’élever jusqu’à une parcelle d’autonomie et d’originalité » ? (Freud, 1921).
The Mass and Powerlessness
Authors: Neau Françoise
Published: September 2012

L’auteur propose une lecture du roman de J. M. Coetzee, Disgrâce (1999). Ce roman actualise, avec la force analysante de l’œuvre littéraire, le questionnement freudien de Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi (1921). Si « la non-liberté de l’individu est le principal phénomène de la psychologie des masses », comment, jusqu’où et avec quel coût psychique dans une Afrique du Sud post-apartheid qui institutionnalise la vérité et la réconciliation, l’individu peut-il dans la fiction, et selon son genre, sa race, sa génération, être rejeté ou absorbé par la nouvelle « âme de masse » ? Quel travail de désillusion et de renoncement David, le personnage principal, et sa fille, Lucy, devront-ils effectuer, chacun à leur manière, pour « s’élever jusqu’à une parcelle d’autonomie et d’originalité » ? (Freud, 1921).
A2B Adenosine Receptor Expression by Myeloid Cells Is Proinflammatory in Murine Allergic-Airway Inflammation
Authors: Belikoff Bryan G. , Vaickus Louis J. , Sitkovsky Michail , Remick Daniel G.
Published: September 2012

Asthma is a chronic condition with high morbidity and healthcare costs, and cockroach allergens are an established cause of urban pediatric asthma. A better understanding of cell types involved in promoting lung inflammation could provide new targets for the treatment of chronic pulmonary disease. Because of its role in regulating myeloid cell-dependent inflammatory processes, we examined A2B R expression by myeloid cells in a cockroach allergen model of murine asthma-like pulmonary inflammation. Both systemic and myeloid tissue-specific A2B R deletion significantly decreased pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment, airway mucin production, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion after final allergen challenge in sensitized mice. A2B R deficiency resulted in a dramatic reduction on Th2-type airways responses with decreased pulmonary eosinophilia without augmenting neutrophilia, and decreased lung IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production. Chemokine analysis demonstrated that eotaxin 1 and 2 secretion in response to repeated allergen challenge is myeloid cell A2B R dependent. In contrast, there were no differences in the levels of the CXC chemokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine and MIP-2 in the myeloid cell A2B R-deficient mice, strengthening A2B R involvement in the development of Th2-type airways inflammation. Proinflammatory TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 secretion were also reduced in systemic and myeloid tissue-specific A2B R deletion mouse lines. Our results demonstrate Th2-type predominance for A2B R expression by myeloid cells as a mechanism of development of asthma-like pulmonary inflammation.
Diversity of Antigen-Specific Responses Induced In Vivo with CTLA-4 Blockade in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Kwek Serena S. , Dao Vinh , Roy Ritu , Hou Yafei , Alajajian David , Simko Jeffrey P. , Small Eric J. , Fong Lawrence
Published: September 2012

CTLA-4 is a surface receptor on activated T cells that delivers an inhibitory signal, serving as an immune checkpoint. Treatment with anti–CTLA-4 Abs can induce clinical responses to different malignancies, but the nature of the induced Ag-specific recognition is largely unknown. Using microarrays spotted with >8000 human proteins, we assessed the diversity of Ab responses modulated by treatment with CTLA-4 blockade and GM-CSF. We find that advanced prostate cancer patients who clinically respond to treatment also develop enhanced Ab responses to a higher number of Ags than nonresponders. These induced Ab responses targeted Ags to which preexisting Abs are more likely to be present in the clinical responders compared with nonresponders. The majority of Ab responses are patient-specific, but immune responses against Ags shared among clinical responders are also detected. One of these shared Ags is PAK6, which is expressed in prostate cancer and to which CD4+ T cell responses were also induced. Moreover, immunization with PAK6 can be both immunogenic and protective in mouse tumor models. These results demonstrate that immune checkpoint blockade modulates Ag-specific responses to both individualized and shared Ags, some of which can mediate anti-tumor responses.
Protective Role for TLR4 Signaling in Atherosclerosis Progression as Revealed by Infection with a Common Oral Pathogen
Authors: Hayashi Chie , Papadopoulos George , Gudino Cynthia V. , Weinberg Ellen O. , Barth Kenneth R. , Madrigal Andrés G. , Chen Yang , Ning Hua , LaValley Michael , Gibson Frank C. , Hamilton James A. , Genco Caroline A.
Published: September 2012

Clinical and epidemiological studies have implicated chronic infections in the development of atherosclerosis. It has been proposed that common mechanisms of signaling via TLRs link stimulation by multiple pathogens to atherosclerosis. However, how pathogen-specific stimulation of TLR4 contributes to atherosclerosis progression remains poorly understood. In this study, atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E null (ApoE−/−) and TLR4-deficient (ApoE−/−TLR4−/−) mice were orally infected with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. ApoE−/−TLR4−/− mice were markedly more susceptible to atherosclerosis after oral infection with P. gingivalis. Using live animal imaging, we demonstrate that enhanced lesion progression occurs progressively and was increasingly evident with advancing age. Immunohistochemical analysis of lesions from ApoE−/−TLR4−/− mice revealed an increased inflammatory cell infiltrate composed primarily of macrophages and IL-17 effector T cells (Th17), a subset linked with chronic inflammation. Furthermore, enhanced atherosclerosis in TLR4-deficient mice was associated with impaired development of Th1 immunity and regulatory T cell infiltration. In vitro studies suggest that the mechanism of TLR4-mediated protective immunity may be orchestrated by dendritic cell IL-12 and IL-10, which are prototypic Th1 and regulatory T cell polarizing cytokines. We demonstrate an atheroprotective role for TLR4 in response to infection with the oral pathogen P. gingivalis. Our results point to a role for pathogen-specific TLR signaling in chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis.
The effect of a gamma ray flare on Schumann resonances
Authors: Nickolaenko A. P. , Kudintseva I. G. , Pechony O. , Hayakawa M. , Hobara Y. , Tanaka Y. T.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We describe the ionospheric modification by the SGR 1806-20 gamma flare (27 December 2004) seen in the global electromagnetic (Schumann) resonance. The gamma rays lowered the ionosphere over the dayside of the globe and modified the Schumann resonance spectra. We present the extremely low frequency (ELF) data monitored at the Moshiri observatory, Japan (44.365° N, 142.24° E). Records are compared with the expected modifications, which facilitate detection of the simultaneous abrupt change in the dynamic resonance pattern of the experimental record. The gamma flare modified the current of the global electric circuit and thus caused the "parametric" ELF transient. Model results are compared with observations enabling evaluation of changes in the global electric circuit.
CANOPY PROFILING FOR VEGETATION MAPPING IN SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIAN FORESTED ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Schut A. G. T. , Wardell-Johnson G. W. , Baran I.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is already impacting native vegetation world-wide. Thus accurate mapping of current vegetation condition is necessary for benchmarking and conservation planning. We examine the potential for the mapping of native vegetation of forested ecosystems in south-western Australia using LiDAR data. Airborne LiDAR (distance between data points 1.2 m) and RGB imagery was acquired with a discrete 4-return Leica ALS 50-II system in April 2011 and vertical canopy profiles determined in Boyagin Nature Reserve. Elevation, slope and geomorphological descriptions of the terrain in combination with vertical canopy profiles based on presence/absence of returns within voxels were derived from the LiDAR data and processed at a spatial resolution of 4.0 meters. Based on these profiles, crown height and depth, ground cover, mean intensity of crown returns, presence of understory and number of vegetation layers were determined for each grid cell. Unsupervised classification revealed distinctive canopy profiles. Vegetation is strongly linked to geomorphology in this old landscape. Thus Kwongan shrubland occurs on the plateaus, Allocasuarina heugeliana woodland on the fringes of rock outcrops, Eucalyptus astringens and E. accedens woodland on breakaways and E. wandoo and Corymbia calophylla woodland in more fertile valley systems. The vegetation types present within distinctive spatial clusters were determined in two field visits. Vegetation types were mapped with an object-based image analysis approach at geomorphological, vegetation and tree scales using the geomorphology of the terrain and structural, textural and reflective characteristics of the canopy. All vertical profiles identified were present on each geomorphological unit. Tree species with a distinctive vertical profile such as Eucalyptus astringens and Allocasuarina heugeliana were defined and distinguished in combination with object-based geomorphological and spatial characteristics. Vegetation types were mapped accurately with a kappa coefficient of 0.80. We conclude that vertical profiles and geomorphology of the terrain derived from commercially available discrete return LiDAR systems provides a valuable means to benchmark the mapping of native vegetation in the forested ecosystems of south-western Australia.
The Influence of Child Labour on Academic Achievement of Primary School Pupils in Suba and Homa-Bay Districts, Kenya
Authors: Ligeve Susan Nduta , Poipoi Dr. Moses W.
Published: September 2012

This causal-comparative study investigated the effects of child labour on academic achievement of primary school pupils in Suba and Homa-Bay districts in Kenya. The participants of this study were Class 7 pupils drawn from 12 schools in these two districts. A total of 333 pupils that is, 171 boys and 162 girls participated in the study. The academic achievement scores, which were extracted from the schools’ end-term examination records, were used to compare the participants on the dependent variable. The results of this study showed that pupils who were involved in child labour had a significantly lower academic achievement mean score than those not involved. The results also indicated that boys not involved had a significantly higher academic achievement mean score than girls not involved. Furthermore, boys involved in child labour activities had a significantly higher academic mean score than girls involved in child labour activities. It was concluded that there were child labour and gender effects on academic achievement of primary school pupils in Suba and Homa Bay districts. This study recommends that school pupils should not engage in fishing activities.   Key Words; Child labour, Academic Achievement, Gender
Patient-Specific Model of Arterial Circulation for Surgical Planning of Vascular Access
Authors: Passera Katia , Manini Simone , Antiga Luca , Remuzzi Andrea
Published: September 2012

Purpose

To report the technical aspects of a novel method to generate patient-specific vascular network models of arterial vasculature for the surgical planning of vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis.

Methods

On the basis of literature data, we defined a set of rules for estimation of diameter, length and compliance of arterial network segments, at patient-specific level, as a function of general descriptors (i.e. sex, age, body size and pathology). Using this method we generated vascular network models of height hypothetical patients with different age, sex and body surface area and we computed pressures and blood flows along the arterial arm vasculature using a wave propagation model.

Results

Simulation results show that vascular geometry is influenced by sex, age and body size leading to important differences in hemodynamic function. Calculated wall shear stress is higher in women females as compared to men, regardless of body size and age.

Conclusions

Our method facilitates estimating vascular network model parameters useful for patient-specific pre-operative assessment of blood flow distribution in the arterial arm circulation.
Vascular Stent Fracture and Migration to Pulmonary Artery during Arteriovenous Shunt Thrombectomy
Authors: Ho Jessica M. , Kahan Jonathan , Supariwala Azhar , Silberzweig James , Kornberg Robert , Swistel Daniel , Dreifuss Ronald
Published: September 2012

Purpose

Endovascular stent fracture and migration is an extremely rare complication of arteriovenous shunt thrombectomy.

Technique

We report a case of endovascular stent fracture following repeat arteriovenous graft thrombectomy, which was complicated by migration of a 26 millimeter stent fragment to the left main pulmonary artery. Attempts at percutaneous transvenous retrieval were unsuccessful, and an open thoracotomy to extract the stent fragment was performed.

Conclusions

Although there is no consensus for the management of endovascular stents that have migrated to the pulmonary arteries, stent retrieval may be necessary in cases where arterial flow is compromised or heavy clot burden is a concern. Moreover, steps toward prevention of stent fracture and migration should be considered in order to preclude such occurrences – avoidance of puncturing the stent for hemodialysis access, discontinuation of use of the Arrow-Trerotola device through or near stents, and consideration of short segment angioplasty for regional intrastent stenosis rather than typical long segment venous angioplasty.
Les comptes de Majorique Marchand, curé de Gentilly, 1890-1904
Authors: Roy Jean
Published: September 2012

La présente étude s’intéresse à l’acquisition et à la gestion des biens matériels d’un curé dans le dernier tiers du XIXe siècle. Bien qu’il soit un homme dont la motivation est d’essence religieuse, il est vu ici comme un entrepreneur, qui utilise à diverses fins un capital constitué à partir de sources variées. Quels sont ses revenus et à quoi servent-ils? À quelles transactions se livre-t-il? Quel est son rapport à l’argent? Enfin, à qui profitent ses générosités quotidiennes et testamentaires? Les réponses à ces interrogations sont rendues possibles grâce à l’existence d’un impressionnant dossier d’archives laissé par Majorique Marchand, curé de Drummondville et de Gentilly.
Un florilège moralisateur et nationaliste : le canon des études littéraires selon les manuels des communautés religieuses québécoises (1900-1950)
Authors: Lebrun Monique
Published: September 2012

Les manuels de français issus des communautés religieuses québécoises de la première moitié du XXe siècle sont remarquablement homogènes quant à leur ton et à leur contenu. Nous avons analysé soixante-dix d’entre eux afin de découvrir la conception de la littérature qui s’en dégage. Celle-ci est à la fois perçue comme l’art de bien écrire et comme un florilège d’auteurs, français ou canadiens, dont les thèmes respectent les règles de la morale et celles de l’amour de la patrie et de la langue française. Nous avons dégagé de notre analyse la liste des auteurs français et canadiens les plus utilisés dans les manuels, en accordant une importance particulière à ces derniers et au traitement qu’ils font de la patrie.
L’institution ecclésiale et les structures de l’idéologie chrétienne dans les radioromans et les dramatisations historiques (1935-1975)
Authors: Legris Renée
Published: September 2012

Malgré le contexte d’une société québécoise fortement structurée par le catholicisme, la radio des origines (1922-1932) s’est développée dans un cadre laïque et sans références significatives au discours religieux. Dans les oeuvres de fiction, c’est à compter de 1935 et jusqu’à la fin de la production des radioromans, autour de 1970, que les configurations discursives de l’institution ecclésiale et les structures de l’idéologie chrétienne s’inscrivent dans plusieurs radioromans et dans les dramatisations historiques, alors que notre société se veut de plus en plus sécularisée. Porteur d’un message chrétien dans Le Curé de village, Un homme et son péché, Je vous ai tant aimé, son rôle de curé devient une fonction politique dans les oeuvres de propagande de guerre comme La Fiancée du commando, Notre Canada, Béni fut son berceau, dans lesquelles idéologie et religion s’affrontent. La série Le Ciel par dessus les toits s’inspire des valeurs théologiques et mystiques, et rappelle l’importance des structures institutionnelles de l’Église naissante en Nouvelle-France.
Assurer la couverture du concile Vatican II au Canada : les initiatives de l’épiscopat canadien
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: September 2012

À Vatican II, les médias représentent un nouvel acteur du jeu conciliaire. Après un moment d’hésitation au cours de la période préparatoire, l’épiscopat canadien prend plusieurs initiatives pour associer les médias à l’activité conciliaire, assurant ainsi des relais efficaces pour diffuser au Canada les travaux en cours à Rome. Le présent article rend compte de ce passage et retrace les diverses initiatives de l’épiscopat canadien pour assurer la diffusion de Vatican II au Canada. En conclusion, l’auteur suggère les évolutions réalisées par l’épiscopat canadien au sujet de la conception même des médias et de leur rapport à l’Église.
Des catéchismes à l’enseignement religieux : le cadre des représentations religieuses
Authors: Caulier Brigitte , Brodeur Raymond
Published: September 2012

Les profondes mutations religieuses du XXe siècle ont fait de l’enseignement religieux un objet d’étude privilégié dans les universités canadiennes. Il sollicite plusieurs disciplines comme la théologie, l’histoire, la sociologie, les sciences religieuses et la pédagogie. En théologie et en sciences de l’éducation, la recherche fondamentale entre en dialectique avec une recherche appliquée. L’introduction des sciences humaines et sociales dans les années 1970 a stimulé le développement d’une interdisciplinarité qui reste encore, malgré tout, modeste en raison des implications politiques et religieuses sous-jacentes. L’intégration de la dimension diachronique a été particulièrement lente et circonscrite au Québec.
Une censure totale? L’Église québécoise et la nationalisation de l’imaginaire littéraire (1920-1929)
Authors: Hébert Pierre
Published: September 2012

Que le clergé ait toujours voulu contrôler la littérature, jusqu’au tournant du XXe siècle, est une évidence appuyée par des nombreux cas d’interdictions. Toutefois, parler de censure, voire de censure totale durant les années 1920-1929 ne tombe pas sous le sens, puisque l’on ne compte aucun cas d’interdiction cléricale explicite durant cette décennie. Cette accalmie ne doit cependant pas faire croire que la censure n’existe plus. En effet, ce qui est proposé dans cet article, c’est qu’une autre censure, autrement plus forte, fondée sur une homogénéisation de l’imaginaire littéraire, entraîne la production d’une littérature répétitive, d’une littérature du même qui rend impossible toute contestation. Il semble dès lors juste de parler d’une censure totale, c’est-à-dire d’une censure qui gouverne l’esprit avant la lettre.
Tradition missionnaire et innovations pastorales aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : lecture et écriture dans les missions canadiennes
Authors: Dubois Paul-André
Published: September 2012

Cet article porte sur les premières tentatives de scolarisation et d’alphabétisation des Amérindiens sous le Régime français. Plus particulièrement, l’introduction de l’écriture pictographique chez les Micmacs de la Gaspésie au XVIIe siècle sera abordée comme point de jonction entre une tradition missionnaire espagnole remontant au XVIe siècle et un mouvement pastoral et catéchistique français contemporain à cette innovation missionnaire en terre canadienne.
La composition des communautés de religieuses au Saguenay (1882-1947)
Authors: Bouchard Gérard , Roy Raymond , Jacques Pierre
Published: September 2012

À partir dun répertoire biographique et à l’aide du fichier-réseau de la population du Saguenay, les auteurs étudient la composition des communautés de religieuses de cette région entre 1882 et 1947. Le texte présenté ici porte plus particulièrement sur l’évolution numérique des religieuses, leur provenance géographique à l’intérieur du Saguenay et leur origine socio-professionnelle.

Parmi les principaux résultats, on relève que :

En conclusion, à la lumière des données rapportées, on ne peut pas affirmer que les communautés pratiquaient délibérément un recrutement social sélectif.
Dévotion populaire et encadrement clérical en Nouvelle-France : la croyance au miracle dans la région de Québec
Authors: Cliche Marie-Aimée
Published: September 2012

Le domaine de la croyance au miracle, en Nouvelle-France, offre un champ d’étude privilégié pour comparer les comportements populaires et l’enseignement de l’Église sur ce sujet. Il constitue un phénomène important dans la vie religieuse de la colonie, notamment dans la région de Québec.
La monographie diocésaine et les acquis de l’historiographie religieuse française
Authors: Lagrée Michel
Published: September 2012

Genre typique de l’« école » française d’histoire religieuse, la monographie diocésaine s’alimente sans doute à deux sources : la tradition de la biographie d’évêque et du pouillé - relevé des revenus - ecclésiastique, la pertinence, à la fois archivistique (surtout à l’époque concordataire) et épistémologique du cadre du département/diocèse. Le double héritage de l’histoire des Annales et de la sociographie de Le Bras et Boulard n’a fait que conforter les chercheurs français.

La fécondité du genre a été et reste remarquable pour l’analyse du champ religieux sous l’angle de l’offre (le gouvernement diocésain) et de la demande/réponse (objets traditionnels : pratique religieuse, vocations, et objets nouveaux, telles les organisations d’action catholique). Ses limites commencent aussi à être aperçues : inégale couverture du territoire (et donc représentativité problématique pour la synthèse), surreprésentation du monde rural et du XIXe siècle, relative marginalisation des sujets transversaux dans l’histoire religieuse : théologie, spiritualité, liturgie.
Le prêtre, le ministre et l’apostat. Les stratégies pastorales face au protestantisme canadien-français au XIXe siècle
Authors: Hudon Christine
Published: September 2012

En prenant pour cadre d’étude le diocèse de Saint-Hyacinthe, cet article vise à présenter les différentes composantes de la stratégie catholique à l’égard du protestantisme canadien-français au XIXe siècle. Il expose les principaux arguments utilisés pour défendre le catholicisme et s’intéresse aux efforts déployés par le clergé pour réintégrer les apostats au sein de l’Église. Les propos des prêtres et leur perception du protestantisme se révèlent être en filiation directe avec l’apologétique post-tridentine condamnant vigoureusement la Réforme et les Réformés. Au total, l’activité pastorale a contribué à forger l’image que les fidèles avaient d’eux-mêmes, de leur Église et de leur foi. Elle exaltait l’institution catholique, sa hiérarchie et ses rites et tenait, en parallèle, un discours intransigeant, et même intolérant, envers les protestants.
Les rendez-vous de Rimouski de Mgr Georges Courchesne
Authors: Voisine Nive
Published: September 2012

Poussé par le besoin d’être informé et soucieux de briser l’isolement dans lequel il vit, Mgr Georges Courchesne, de Rimouski, invite à son évêché, pour des séjours plus ou moins longs, diverses personnalités, particulièrement des artistes. C’est ainsi que Gérard Morisset, Lorenzo Auger et le frère Raymondien se rencontrent à l’évêché de Rimouski en février 1935. Une partie de leur séjour se passe en de longues conversations que dirige l’évêque. On y parle beaucoup des arts et de leur place dans l’enseignement, de la restauration de l’artisanat, du projet d’une école des arts et métiers sur le modèle des écoles Saint-Luc de Belgique, de la nécessité de faire de Rimouski un centre intellectuel capable de répondre aux besoins de la région. Mais la réalisation de ces beaux rêves tarde à venir et, en 1936, Mgr Courchesne organise un autre rendez-vous important qui lancera en grand l’Action catholique spécialisée.
Les Missionnaires oblats et les cultures amérindiennes au 19e siècle
Authors: Peelman Achiel
Published: September 2012

Cet article présente une analyse détaillée de la correspondance des missionnaires oblats en Orégon entre 1847 et 1956 et de son contexte historique. Les 246 lettres sélectionnées pour cette étude contiennent un nombre considérable d’observations d’ordre culturel, religieux et sociopolitique. Elles permettent de reconstruire la vision que ces missionnaires avaient de la réalité amérindienne au point de départ de leur aventure missionnaire. Cette vision est marquée par le contraste aigu entre une perception plutôt négative de la culture et de la spiritualité amérindienne et la solidarité des oblats avec les autochtones de l’Orégon dans la lutte pour leurs droits fondamentaux.
L’apprivoisement du pouvoir : l’apprentissage épiscopal de Pierre Denaut et de Joseph-Octave Plessis
Authors: Lambert James H.
Published: September 2012

Le caractère et la carrière épiscopale respectifs de Pierre Denaut, évêque de Québec de 1797 à 1806, et de son successeur Joseph-Octave Plessis, expliquent en partie leurs façons différentes d’aborder les problèmes de l’Église catholique au début du 19e siècle. Ces différences d’attitude se révèlent dans les relations officielles entre l’évêque Denaut et le coadjuteur Plessis, relations rendues difficiles par la décision de Denaut de rester dans sa paroisse de Longueuil tandis que Plessis est à Québec, mais facilitées par l’amitié entre eux. Avec la mort de Denaut et l’accession de Plessis au siège épiscopal, l’Église passe de la résistance passive à la reconquête du terrain.
L’annonce et la préparation de Vatican II : Réception et horizon d’attente au Québec
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: September 2012

L’étude de la réception de l’annonce de Vatican II, au Québec, au cours des années 1959-1960 est éclairante pour nous faire comprendre le retournement occasionné par l’annonce du Concile dans la vie de l’Église du Québec, surtout à partir de 1962 où cette Église s’engagera résolument dans le projet conciliaire de Jean XXIII.

L’étude de la réception de l’annonce de Vatican II dans les quotidiens francophones distribués au Québec n’est pas moins significative. La presse catholique, et en particulier L’Action catholique, se montre d’abord très réservée à l’égard du Concile. À l’opposé, la presse indépendante de l’Église se montrera très favorable au projet. Quant aux milieux intellectuels, ils commenceront à formuler des attentes à l’égard du Concile, en 1960.
Autour de Vatican II : vie paroissiale et Grandes Missions dans le diocèse de Québec. Le contexte intellectuel
Authors: Lemieux Raymond
Published: September 2012

Les Grandes Missions du Diocèse de Québec, dans les années soixante, ont voulu assurer un renouveau de la conscience chrétienne des fidèles en procédant selon un modèle provenant à la fois de la tradition catholique des « missions internes » et des missions françaises du vingtième siècle. En rappelant leur « histoire intellectuelle », le présent article soulève la question de la rencontre entre leur dynamisme spécifique et les mentalités du temps, d’une part, et les procédures de réformes voulues par Vatican II, d’autre part.
L’obéissance religieuse : discours romain, attitudes canadiennes
Authors: D’Allaire Micheline
Published: September 2012

À partir des documents officiels de l’Église, nous avons étudié l’évolution du dicours romain sur l’obéissance religieuse chez les personnes consacrées. Malgré l’insistance de Rome à s’accrocher aux valeurs traditionnelles, le dépouillement de la revue Vie des Communautés religieuses, de 1965 à 1995, montre que l’autorité et l’obéissance chez les personnes consacrées au Canada se sont transformées sous l’impact des forces sociologiques.
“Weapons effect” revisited: Motor effects of the reception of aversive stimulation and exposure to pictures of firearms
Authors: Da Gloria Jorge , Duda Danièle , Pahlavan Farzaneh , Bonnet Philippe
Published: September 2012

The effect of presenting images of firearms on the speed of clenching of the fist of human subjects simultaneously receiving an aversive stimulation was studied. It was thought that, whereas the classic interpersonal experimental situation confounds the effects of the stimulus presented and several interpersonal processes, speed of fist clenching in a noninterpersonal setting could constitute a valid measure of the subject's readiness to fight. Twenty‐four male and 24 female students (ages > 20 and <36 years) were instructed to press with their right hand a device commanding the projection of slides upon reception of an acoustic signal. Speed of clenching of the hand was recorded in the four conditions generated by the combination of two levels of acoustic signal (aversive and nonaversive) and two modalities of slides (firearms or tools). The results show that the reception of aversive sound accelerates fist clenching. Simultaneous presentation of slides of firearms and reception of aversive noise increases the speed of clenching of the fist. The slides' main effect was not significant. More irritable subjects tend to execute this movement faster than their less irritable counterparts, and more emotionally susceptible subjects tend to be slower than less susceptible ones. Male subjects were faster than females. This pattern of results is discussed in relation to the hypothesis formulated by the authors.
Comparison between BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice in tests of social behavior and resident‐intruder aggression
Authors: Hilakivi L.A. , Lister R.G.
Published: September 2012

The behavior of male mice from two BALB strains, the BALB/cJ strain and the BALB/cByJ strain, was examined with a social behavior test and a resident‐intruder paradigm. Prior to testing, the animals were isolated for 0, 2, 5, or 10 days. In the social behavior test the pairs of BALB/cJ mice spent more time in active social interaction than pairs of BALB/cByJ mice, although the latter strain showed more locomotor activity. BALB/cJ mice isolated for 5–10 days, when tested in a familiar environment were more aggressive than mice from the BALB/cByJ strain. In the resident‐intruder paradigm, in which a resident BALB mouse was confronted with an intruder NIH Swiss mouse, the BALB/cByJ mice showed more social investigation in their home cage towards the intruders, but there were no significant differences between the two strains in the amounts of aggressive behavior exhibited. The results of these experiments suggest that there are some differences in the social behavior of the genetically related BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice. However, the differences appear subtle and paradigm‐specific.
Relationship of testosterone to men's family functioning at mid‐life: A research note
Authors: Julian Teresa , McKenry Patrick C.
Published: September 2012

Sociobiological theory suggests that aggression coupled with altruism is highly adaptive for males in all social systems, including the family, whereas sex‐role convergence theory indicates that lower levels of aggression are most adaptive for men, particularly at mid‐life. The purpose of this study was to determine the role that testosterone, as a proxy for aggression, plays as an adaptive mechanism in the lives of middle‐aged males.

The sample used in this study consisted of 37 middle‐aged (39–50 years of age) males employed in professional occupations in a midwestern metropolitan area. Testosterone levels were regressed on factors typically found to be related to male satisfaction with family life at mid‐life: marital satisfaction, parent‐adolescent communication, amount of emotional expressiveness, and androgynous characteristics; recent positive and negative stressors and trait anxiety were statistically controlled.

Results of step‐wise multiple regression analysis indicated that low levels of testosterone were significantly (R = .34, P < .01) related to enhanced marital and parental relationships and androgynous behaviors; however, emotional expressiveness was significantly related to high levels of testosterone.
Aversive potency of urine from dominant and subordinate male laboratory mice (Mus musculus): Resolution of a conflict
Authors: Jones R. Bryan , Nowell Norman W.
Published: September 2012

The present study assessed the aversive potency of urine collected from male albino mice that had been clearly identified as dominants/winners or subordinates/losers of paired aggression tests and then housed either individually or in a quasi‐paired situation in which only a wire‐mesh divider separated the two mice. This divider permitted constant visual, olfactory, auditory, and some tactile contact. The responses of individually tested, group‐housed males were recorded when half of the substrate in a test box was treated with either water or one of the four urine types; the other half remained untreated. Significant preferences for the untreated half were found when the urine of winners or losers housed in individual metabolism cages or that of pair‐housed dominants was used as the test stimulus. On the other hand, neither water nor the urine of cohabiting subordinate males was avoided. The present findings confirmed our earlier reports that the urine of dominant male mice was aversive, whereas that of their cohabiting subordinate partners was not. They also identified Sawyer's [1978] procedure of housing winners and losers in individual cages, with the consequent interruption of social contact as the likely reason for his failure to replicate our reports that subordinate male urine lacked aversive properties. The territorial implications of the aversive factor and other urinary signals are discussed.
Different levels of complexity in the play‐fighting by muroid rodents appear to result from different levels of intensity of attack and defense
Authors: Pellis Sergio M. , Pellis Vivien C. , Dewsbury Donald A.
Published: September 2012

Play‐fighting in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii, prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, and montane voles, M. Montanus, was compared to that of laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus. Play in rats appears more complex for two reasons: 1) more of the playful contacts elicit defensive behaviors, and 2) more of these defenses lead to counterattacks, and hence, role reversals between attackers and defenders. Neither high levels of defense, as shown by montane voles, nor high levels of counterattack, as shown by prairie voles, produce rat‐like play‐fighting. This only occurs when high rates of defense involving turning to face the attacker and counterattack are combined, as in rats. These two components are rarely combined together by deer mice, and so this species rarely exhibits rat‐like play‐fighting. Furthermore, playful counterattack appears to arise from playful attack, and not from an escalation of defense. These data suggest that the more complex forms of social play, such as play‐fighting, have evolved, in part, via the escalation of defense in response to playful attack.
Intraspecific aggression in male hamsters is inhibited by intrahypothalamic vasopressin‐receptor antagonist
Authors: Potegal Michael , Ferris Craig F.
Published: September 2012

The present study examines the effect of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, on intraspecific aggression between pairs of male Golden hamsters in a neutral territory. Subjects drawn from a group of 24 animals were paired once each with novel partners from the group under each of three experimental conditions: 1) both members of a pair were microinjected into the anterior hypothalamus with saline (S/S), 2) one member of a pair was microinjected with AVP‐receptor antagonist and its partner with saline (A/S), and 3) both members of a pair were microinjected with AVP‐receptor antagonist (A/A). There were significantly (P < .01) fewer attacks during encounters between pairs of hamsters in the A/A condition compared to pairs in the A/S condition. Similarly, pairs in the A/S condition attacked significantly (P < .025) less often than pairs of hamsters in the S/S condition. These results confirm our earlier work showing that AVP‐receptor antagonist reduces intraspecific aggression. In addition, saline‐treated hamsters initiated significantly (P < .001) fewer attacks toward antagonist treated hamsters than would have been predicted if their opponent was not drug treated. These latter results suggest that hamsters microinjected into the anterior hypothalamus with an AVP‐receptor antagonist also elicit less aggression from conspecifics.
What is anger provoking?—Provokers and provoked in anger situations: Developmental trends and sex differences
Authors: Törestad Bertil
Published: September 2012

Some structural properties of situations, described as anger‐provoking by teenagers, were investigated. The study was directed toward exploring developmental trends and sex differences with respect to who was the provoker and who was provoked in the described situations. A simple classification, identical for both situational properties (provoker and provoked) was formed. The results showed that at age 18 years there was no sex difference in any of the aspects investigated. At age 12 years boys seemed to be more general than girls in their views on provokers. With increasing age the provoked in the described situations was more often someone else than the describing subject. This is interpreted as corroborating the often proposed relatedness between anger and morality.
Beyond the evil empire: Horseplay and aggression
Authors: Gergen Mary
Published: September 2012

The dominant mode of studying the antecedents of human aggression in psychology has been to look for these precursors in negative life events, for example, being physically punished, observing models using aggressive means, or experiencing forms of privation or frustration. In contrast, within the ethological literature, certain playful activities, in particular “play fighting,” have been interpreted as crucial precursors of later social activities, both aggressive and nonaggressive. Among humans, horseplay, which may be considered synonymous with play fighting, has only rarely been mentioned in psychological literature and scarcely ever in relation to aggression. Within this study, college students rated the extent to which they had engaged in horseplay and in aggressive acts with same‐sex friends and boyfriends or girlfriends over the past 3 years. Analyses indicated that a broad range of playful and aggressive activities was reported by a large proportion of the sample. Results also indicated strong relationships between the tendency to horseplay and to aggress. The relationship was strongest for men with men friends and for women with boyfriends. In general, having steady relationships increased the likelihood that both horseplay and aggressive acts would occur. Weekend alcohol consumption was related to playful activities; heavier use correlated with greater aggressive activities of men with men only. The study suggests that it is useful to broaden the base for conceptualizing aggression to take into account the ways in which playful and friendly activities can facilitate those that are regarded as antisocial and aggressive.
Credibility of Asylum Claims: Consistency and Accuracy of Autobiographical Memory Reports Following Trauma
Authors: Memon Amina
Published: September 2012

Herlihy and colleagues (current issue) review the literature on the characteristics of autobiographical memory in asylum seekers who are presenting evidence of their traumatic experiences in the immigration courts with a view to finding a safe haven. In this commentary, I briefly discuss how the quality of the memory report may influence reliability and credibility judgements in individuals whose memories may be subject to post‐traumatic stress disorder. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐Assembled and Microfabricated Bioactive Membranes
Authors: Mendes Ana C. , Smith Katherine H. , Tejeda‐Montes Esther , Engel Elisabeth , Reis Rui L. , Azevedo Helena S. , Mata Alvaro
Published: September 2012

The fabrication of hierarchical and bioactive self‐supporting membranes, which integrate physical and biomolecular elements, using a single‐step process that combines molecular self‐assembly with soft lithography is reported. A positively charged multidomain peptide (with or without the cell‐adhesive sequence arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐serine (RGDS)) self‐assembles with hyaluronic acid (HA), an anionic biopolymer. Optimization of the assembling conditions enables the realization of membranes with well‐controlled and easily tunable features at multiple size scales including peptide sequence, building‐block co‐assembly, membrane thickness, bioactive epitope availability, and topographical pattern morphology. Membrane structure, morphology, and bioactivity are investigated according to temperature, assembly time, and variations in the experimental setup. Furthermore, to evaluate the physical and biomolecular signaling of the self‐assembled microfabricated membranes, rat mesenchymal stem cells are cultured on membranes exhibiting various densities of RGDS and different topographical patterns. Cell adhesion, spreading, and morphology are significantly affected by the surface topographical patterns and the different concentrations of RGDS. The versatility of the combined bottom‐up and top‐down fabrication processes described may permit the development of hierarchical macrostructures with precise biomolecular and physical properties and the opportunity to fine tune them with spatiotemporal control.
Making a Robust Interfacial Scaffold: Bijel Rheology and its Link to Processability
Authors: Lee Matthew N. , Thijssen Job H. J. , Witt Jessica A. , Clegg Paul S. , Mohraz Ali
Published: September 2012

Confocal microscopy and rheology studies of two bijel systems are presented to elucidate relationships between the physicochemical properties of bijels and their ability to be utilized as soft matter templates for materials synthesis. For the first time, the origins of viscoelasticity in these systems are investigated using conventional rheometry and a direct correspondence between the elastic storage modulus, particle loading, and the departure from criticality is observed. Further, the rheological transitions that accompany fluid re‐mixing in bijels are characterized, providing key insights into the synergistic role of interfacial tension and interparticle interactions in mediating their mechanical robustness. Bijels that are predominantly stabilized by interfacial tension are also highly sensitive to gradients in chemical composition and more easily prone to mechanical failure during processing. Despite this increased sensitivity, a modified strategy for processing these more delicate systems is developed and its efficacy is demonstrated by synthesizing a bicontinuous macroporous hydrogel scaffold.
Bio‐Inspired Synthesis of Minerals for Energy, Environment, and Medicinal Applications
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Park Chan Beum
Published: September 2012

Biomineralization, the natural pathway of assembling biogenic inorganic compounds, inspires us to exploit unique, effective strategies to fabricate functional materials with intricate structures. In this article, the recent advances in bio‐inspired synthesis of minerals—with a focus on those of calcium‐based minerals—and their applications to the design of functional materials for energy, environment, and biomedical fields are reviewed. Biomimetic mineralization is extending its application range to unconventional area such as the design of component materials for lithium‐ion batteries and elaborately structured composite materials utilizing carbon dioxide gas. Materials with highly enhanced mechanical properties are synthesized through emulating the nacre structure. Studies of bioactive minerals‐carbon hybrid materials show an expansion of potential applications to fields ranging from interdisciplinary science to practical engineering such as the fabrication of reinforced bone‐implantable materials.
Engineering the Regenerative Microenvironment with Biomaterials
Authors: Rice Jeffrey J. , Martino Mikaël M. , De Laporte Laura , Tortelli Federico , Briquez Priscilla S. , Hubbell Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2012

Modern synthetic biomaterials are being designed to integrate bioactive ligands within hydrogel scaffolds for cells to respond and assimilate within the matrix. These advanced biomaterials are only beginning to be used to simulate the complex spatio‐temporal control of the natural healing microenvironment. With increasing understanding of the role of growth factors and cytokines and their interactions with components of the extracellular matrix, novel biomaterials are being developed that more closely mimic the natural healing environments of tissues, resulting in increased efficacy in applications of tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, the important aspects of the healing microenvironment, and how these features can be incorporated within innovative hydrogel scaffolds, are presented.
Electrochemical Performance of Porous Carbon/Tin Composite Anodes for Sodium‐Ion and Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Yunhua , Zhu Yujie , Liu Yihang , Wang Chunsheng
Published: September 2012

The electrochemical performance of mesoporous carbon (C)/tin (Sn) anodes in Na‐ion and Li‐ion batteries is systematically investigated. The mesoporous C/Sn anodes in a Na‐ion battery shows similar cycling stability but lower capacity and poorer rate capability than that in a Li‐ion battery. The desodiation potentials of Sn anodes are approximately 0.21 V lower than delithiation potentials. The low capacity and poor rate capability of C/Sn anode in Na‐ion batteries is mainly due to the large Na‐ion size, resulting in slow Na‐ion diffusion and large volume change of porous C/Sn composite anode during alloy/dealloy reactions. Understanding of the reaction mechanism between Sn and Na ions will provide insight towards exploring and designing new alloy‐based anode materials for Na‐ion batteries.