bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Pão Que O Viado Amassou: contribuições da semiótica para o processamento de língua natural
Authors: Silva Tulio Ferreira Leite da
Published: December 2022

A crescente produção de dados na internet e nas redes sociais digitais  é incontornável e, até 2025, espera-se que a humanidade produza por dia 463  exabytes de dados em geral. A dimensão de tal valor pode ser ilustrada com a  imagem de aproximadamente meio trilhão de pendrives de 1 gigabyte. Tal  fenômeno, entretanto, longe de ser motivo para comemorações (como querem  as Big Techs), tem sido diretamente responsável por inúmeros males à  sociedade e à Democracia, sendo o discurso de ódio e a desinformação apenas a ponta do iceberg. Por conta desse cenário alarmante, a realização de pesquisas  na interface entre semiótica e tecnologias de processamento de dados se faz  urgente. Neste artigo, pretendemos apresentar brevemente o cenário de uma  das áreas mais celebradas da Inteligência Artificial (caracterizada pelas redes  neurais artificiais) e então utilizar os conceitos de contexto situacional e de  competência discursiva para debater os mecanismos de sinalização de discursos  enviesados, utilizados para marcar publicações digitais com potencial de  desinformação ou de discurso de ódio. Caso icônico ao qual pretendemos nos  deter, O Pão Que o Viado Amassou é um delivery curitibano, criado por um gay bem humorado, que foi penalizado pelo Facebook.
Estratégias semânticas no discurso do MEC e ideologia
Authors: Gomes Regina Souza
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo, à luz da semiótica discursiva, analisar as estratégias semânticas empregadas em textos publicados no site do Ministério da Educação (notícias, documentos, programas, especialmente os voltados para a alfabetização) para colocar em circulação certos valores ideológicos, ao mesmo tempo que, ao se apropriar de temas caros aos discursos com os quais mantêm relações polêmicas, os alteram, distorcem ou subvertem. Buscamos mostrar a ênfase no tema da ciência, como ele é tratado nos textos, quais combinações temáticas são a ele associadas, suas relações interdiscursivas polêmicas e consensuais e, nesse contexto, como a figura do  professor é construída. Observou-se que foram operadas triagens, partindo de um regime de exclusão, de modo a restringir o valor da ciência nos discursos governamentais sobre alfabetização, que se associam aos temas da tecnologia, do mercado e da profissionalização. Há também uma divisão de papéis temáticos no que se refere aos atores que estão envolvidos no fazer pedagógico, de modo que os professores são sujeitos operadores das atividades práticas pensadas e elaboradas por “especialistas”, dotados de um saber científico e técnico eficaz.
L’identité narrative en question : les zones paradoxales de l’expérience
Authors: Estay Stange Verónica
Published: December 2022

Afin de remettre en cause le problème de l’identité collective, le présent  essai prend pour objet les discours de la mémoire post-dictature au Chili et en  Argentine, dont il souligne les contradictions et les points de fracture. On  voudrait montrer ici comment “l’ancrage ontologique” des “rôles thématiques”  (héros, militant de la résistance, tyran, tortionnaire), essentiel pour  l’engendrement des récits historique et judiciaire, se voit questionné par les  micro-récits dévoilant la complexité immanente aux individus qui leur prêtent  une concrétude corporelle. Entre collaboration contrainte, dissidence, Syndrome  de Stockholm et “honte du survivant”, cet article passe en revue les multiples  “instances énonçantes” qui, en amont des acteurs collectifs, nous font  problématiser le concept même d’une “identité”, tout en dissociant ses  différents domaines de manifestation (historique, juridique, politique,  intersubjectif, intime...).
Língua, gênero e diversidade: o que tem a semiótica a ver com isso?
Authors: Schwartzmann Matheus Nogueira
Published: December 2022

Neste trabalho, objetivamos demostrar como discursos sexistas e  sobre a língua são construídos para perpetuar preconceitos de gênero, raça e  classe, à medida que o discurso anticientífico é usado para estabelecer a língua  normatizada por gramáticas e dicionários como a única correta e aceitável, e  performances linguísticas sexistas e intolerantes perpetuam formas de violência  contra o corpo feminino (mulheres cis e identidades de gênero LGBTQIA+), e  sua consequente exclusão social. Utilizando a visada teórico-metodológica da  semiótica discursiva, verificamos a construção figurativa e veridictória do nosso  córpus, revelando valores como a negação das transformações da/na língua em  uso em artigo jornalístico veiculado na revista Veja em 2001, na Portaria nº  604/21, do Ministério do Turismo, e no Projeto de Lei 948/21, dispositivos  legislativos que vetam o uso de linguagem neutra na esfera pública brasileira.  Conforme explicitamos como a linguagem sexista inflige a exclusão e violências  simbólicas à população que não é exclusivamente masculina, simultaneamente,  analisamos o Manual para o uso não sexista da linguagem (2014), publicado  pelo Governo do Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado, apresentamos o que é e  como o falante do português pode usar a linguagem não sexista e a linguagem  neutra em diferentes situações de interação social.
Entre e nostalgia e a melancolia: paisagem, memória e futuro no rap nacional
Authors: Costa Camila Campos , Coração Cláudio
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho investiga como os elementos discursivos e os estético-políticos da cypher Favela Vive, e de certa tradição do rap nacional, representam, na presença do território, a nostalgia e a melancolia. Para isso, mobilizamos um olhar decolonial sobre o contexto de sociabilidade dos artistas e sua relação com a cultura midiática, propondo uma maneira particular de abordar ambos os sentimentos. Nesse sentido, notamos que, apesar de o saldo do espírito nostálgico ser a melancolia, a potencialidade desse movimento está na reelaboração estético-política do presente e do passado, que deixa entrever a redenção ou o porvir.
Combate bolsonarista no front cultural: estratégia política de deslegitimação de fatos representados em Democracia em vertigem
Authors: Tavares Juliano Vasconcelos Magalhães , Pires Teresinha Maria de Carvalho Cruz
Published: December 2022

Este artigo analisa (e refuta) argumentos do influenciador bolsonarista de direita Caio Coppolla emitidos no vídeo “Caio convoca toda direita para assistir Democracia em vertigem e cita mentiras do documentário”, um extrato do programa Morning Show, da Jovem Pan. Postado no YouTube em 27 de junho de 2019, por ocasião do lançamento do filme pela Netflix, o vídeo conta com 1.038.900 visualizações (dado de 12 de maio de 2022). A análise foi realizada com base nos cinco padrões de manipulação da grande imprensa formulados por Perseu Abramo e retomados criticamente por Christofoletti ao refletir sobre fake news. Assim, verificou-se em ação o combate à “hegemonia cultural esquerdista”, no caso, ao filme e à cineasta em questão, no próprio terreno da cultura midiática – na televisão e no YouTube –, e também a Lula, num contexto de forte mobilização contra sua soltura da prisão.
Toda ação tem uma reação: as causas e consequências dos discursos de ódio
Authors: Risso Carla de Araujo
Published: December 2022

Na era das novas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, novos mecanismos de seleção de conteúdos foram criados pelas plataformas digitais a partir do tratamento de dados pessoais e do uso de algoritmos opacos, produzindo novas dinâmicas para a circulação de mensagens. Nesse contexto, pelo caráter emotivo que lhes confere maior capacidade de viralização, os discursos de ódio têm sido largamente utilizados para influenciar a opinião pública. Contudo esta não é estática nem homogênea, e a emissão dos discursos de ódio normalmente terá uma resposta na esfera discursiva. A partir das reflexões de Patrick Charaudeau, este trabalho reflete sobre o discurso de ódio e as formas de sua concretização (ações) e as respostas provocadas (reações).
Liberdade de expressão, programas policialescos e desinformação: um olhar para o desequilíbrio na resolução de conflitos entre direitos
Authors: Tavares Thayane Guimarães , Mendonça Kleber Santos de
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate sobre o desequilíbrio na resolução de conflitos que envolvem liberdade de expressão e discursos violadores de direitos no Brasil. Para ilustrar o tema, são apresentados episódios que envolvem veiculações dos chamados programas policialescos e também decisões do ministro Alexandre de Moraes no Inquérito das fake news. Como metodologia, fizemos um resgate bibliográfico das diferentes perspectivas para compreender a liberdade de expressão no mundo, as correntes libertária e democrática. Além disso, utilizamos o levantamento da pesquisa Violações de direitos na mídia brasileira: guia de monitoramento, realizada pelo Intervozes, para exemplificar os argumentos da análise.
Desinformação e violência contra jornalistas como violências contra a comunicação: análise de casos entre 2021 e 2022 em São Paulo e no Brasil
Authors: Gould Larissa , Blotta Vitor Souza Lima
Published: December 2022

No presente artigo analisamos dados de agressões contra jornalistas em São Paulo no Brasil, dentro e fora das mídias digitais, e discutimos em que medida elas podem ser vistas como a face mais evidente da desinformação como um fenômeno sistêmico de violência contra a comunicação. Iniciamos com uma breve reflexão sobre a desinformação e como ela viola liberdades, princípios e profissões da comunicação. Em seguida, analisamos quantitativa e qualitativamente Relatórios de Violência Contra Jornalistas e Liberdade de Imprensa no Brasil da FENAJ entre 2018 e 2021, com destaque para este último ano, além de denúncias de violências apuradas pelo Sindicado dos Jornalistas do São Paulo entre junho de 2021 e junho de 2022. Os resultados indicam que a desinformação não é a única causa, mas revela as dimensões estruturais dessa violência, o que exige políticas públicas de comunicação social.
Da esperança como prática da liberdade
Authors: Soares Rosana de Lima
Published: December 2022

Editorial da edição 16, número 32, segundo semestre de 2022.
Effects of aging and the body mass index on male sex hormones: a cross-sectional study in 701 Brazilian men
Authors: Santos Amanda Louise Bernardon dos , Araujo Izabel Cristina Leinig , Karasinski Lucas Felipe , Soares Rodrigo Jahn , Sobreiro Bernardo Passos , Nisihara Renato Mitsunori
Published: December 2022

Background: Some studies indicated that body mass index (BMI) is inversely proportional to serum testosterone concentrations in men.
Purposes: This study aimed to analyze the effects of aging and obesity on total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of 701 patients treated at a private urology clinic in Ponta Grossa, Brazil, from January 2016 to December 2018.
Results: Patients’ age ranged from 16 to 88 years (mean, 56.9 ± 13.62 years). Age did not significantly influence serum TT concentrations, except compared to patients aged >70 years. However, changes were observed in FT and BT (p < 0.05). The mean SHBG increased with age (p < 0.05). A tendency toward LH elevation was observed in older patients, but it was not statistically significant. An inverse proportional relationship between TT, FT, and BT and the testosterone deficiency rate (TT < 300 ng/dL) was observed within BMI groups (p < 0.05). The testosterone deficiency rate was 21.5% in individuals with normal BMI, 29% in overweight individuals, and 37% in obese individuals.
Conclusions: Aging affected the testosterone concentrations in men and became increasingly evident using FT and BT instead of TT. SHBG increased with age. Obesity was associated with a decrease in TT, FT, and BT but also increased the rate of hypogonadism.
Percepção de pessoas em situação de rua sobre o tratamento da tuberculose
Authors: Hino Paula , Almeida Isabela Bombonato de , Monroe Aline Aparecida , Bertolozzi Maria Rita , Taminato Mônica , Fornari Lucimara Fabiana , Rosa Anderson da Silva
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de pessoas em situação de rua em relação ao tratamento da tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, com base na história oral temática. Foram entrevistadas 24 pessoas em situação de rua no Município de São Paulo, em tratamento da tuberculose e vinculados a duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, no período de junho a julho de 2018. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias: A situação de rua como desafio para o enfrentamento da tuberculose; o impacto do tratamento na vida dos usuários; as potencialidades e os limites dos serviços de saúde no apoio ao tratamento. Os participantes destacaram que o fato de viver em situação de rua impacta no tratamento da tuberculose, pois as medidas de isolamento e monitoramento são menos efetivas. Em contrapartida, a possibilidade de cura e a relação estabelecida com os profissionais de saúde foram fundamentais para a adesão ao tratamento. Considerações finais: A tuberculose na população de rua deve ser compreendida na perspectiva da determinação social do processo saúde-adoecimento. Por outra parte, desafios inerentes aos esquemas terapêuticos, condições de vida na rua, vulnerabilidades individuais, coletivas e programáticas dos serviços e políticas públicas que precisam ser considerados na construção das estratégias de cuidado.
Abordagens terapêuticas do Condiloma Acuminado em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Drumond Denise Gasparetti , Castelo Bárbara Bizzo , Esperança Samuel Drumond , Dominiquini Fellipe Bruno , Speck Neila Maria de Góis
Published: December 2022

Objetivos: A infecção pelo papiloma vírus humano dos tipos 6 e 11 pode evoluir para Condiloma Acuminado. Sua transmissão é principalmente via sexual, de forma que a presença dessas verrugas em crianças deve ser considerada sinal de alarme para investigação de abuso. Eventualmente, contudo, ocorre por autoinoculação ou fômites. O tratamento é desafiador, dado que apesar do extenso arsenal, a recorrência se faz comum. A presente revisão sistemática advém a comparar taxas de sucesso das estratégias terapêuticas, objetivando fornecer substrato para escolha acertada no tratamento da doença em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Foi realizada Revisão sistemática baseada no guideline Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), registrada na Plataforma PROSPERO sob identificação CRD42021262090. Resultados: 211 estudos foram encontrados nas databases consultadas, de forma que 30 atenderam as propostas de critérios estabelecidos na pesquisa sistematizada. Esses passaram extração de dados para síntese qualitativa, demonstrando eficácia de métodos não-invasivos a invasivos.  Conclusões: Mediante bons resultados em resolução da doença e reduzidos efeitos adversos, a terapia mais popular entre os autores foi o Imiquimode. A pesquisa chamou atenção à necessidade de estudos mais robustos e metodologias mais complexas a cerca das abordagens terapêuticas do Condiloma Acuminado em crianças e adolescentes.
O Desenvolvimento Docente na FMRP-USP: contexto histórico
Authors: Cintra Karine Angélica Cintra , Borges Marcos de Carvalho , Panúncio-Pinto Maria Paula , Rodrigues Maria de Lourdes Veronese , Troncon Luis Ernesto de Almeida , Bollela Valdes Roberto
Published: December 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é contextualizar historicamente as ações de desenvolvimento docente realizadas na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP) desde sua fundação até a criação do Centro de Desenvolvimento Docente para o Ensino (CDDE) para as Profissões da Saúde, que foi a primeira unidade formal da instituição para a educação para o ensino dos seus professores e preceptores. Apresentamos um panorama sobre o conceito atual de desenvolvimento docente, o papel de fundações internacionais de fomento e de regulamentações governamentais locais na consolidação dessas atividades no país, além de ações dos diretores e professores da Faculdade de Medicina visando a capacitação profissional para o exercício da docência desde a sua fundação. Finalmente, abordamos o contexto de criação do CDDE, os profissionais participantes e dados da participação docente nas cinco primeiras edições do “Módulo Básico” de ensino para as profissões da saúde na FMRP-USP, o primeiro e mais importante programa estruturado de capacitação docente oferecido pelo centro.
Broadening the Scope of Dyslipidemia Therapy by Targeting APOC3 (Apolipoprotein C3) and ANGPTL3 (Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3)
Authors: Ginsberg Henry N. , Goldberg Ira J.
Published: December 2022

The positive relationship between increased levels of circulating triglycerides and cardiovascular events has been observed for decades. Driven by genetic cohort studies, inhibitors of APOC3 (apolipoprotein C3) and ANGPTL (angiopoietin-like protein) 3 that reduce circulating triglycerides are poised to enter clinical practice. We will review the biology of how inhibition of these 2 proteins affects circulating lipoproteins as well as the current state of clinical development of monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and silencing RNAs targeting APOC3 and ANGPTL3.
Sex-Specific Survival Bias and Interaction Modeling in Coronary Artery Disease Risk Prediction
Authors: Surakka Ida , Wolford Brooke N. , Ritchie Scott C. , Hornsby Whitney E. , Sutton Nadia R. , Elvenstad Gabrielsen Maiken , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Thomas Laurent , Inouye Michael , Hveem Kristian , Willer Cristen J.
Published: December 2022

Background:

The 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease risk score is the standard approach to predict risk of incident cardiovascular events, and recently, addition of coronary artery disease (CAD) polygenic scores has been evaluated. Although age and sex strongly predict the risk of CAD, their interaction with genetic risk prediction has not been systematically examined. This study performed an extensive evaluation of age and sex effects in genetic CAD risk prediction.

Methods:

The population-based Norwegian HUNT2 (Trøndelag Health Study 2) cohort of 51 036 individuals was used as the primary dataset. Findings were replicated in the UK Biobank (372 410 individuals). Models for 10-year CAD risk were fitted using Cox proportional hazards, and Harrell concordance index, sensitivity, and specificity were compared.

Results:

Inclusion of age and sex interactions of CAD polygenic score to the prediction models increased the C-index and sensitivity by accounting for nonadditive effects of CAD polygenic score and likely countering the observed survival bias in the baseline. The sensitivity for females was lower than males in all models including genetic information. We identified a total of 82.6% of incident CAD cases by using a 2-step approach: (1) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease risk score (74.1%) and (2) the CAD polygenic score interaction model for those in low clinical risk (additional 8.5%).

Conclusions:

These findings highlight the importance and complexity of genetic risk in predicting CAD. There is a need for modeling age- and sex-interaction terms with polygenic scores to optimize detection of individuals at high risk, those who warrant preventive interventions. Sex-specific studies are needed to understand and estimate CAD risk with genetic information.
Genome-Wide Association and Inheritance-Based Analyses Implicate Unconventional Myosin Genes in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Theis Jeanne L. , Shatila Sarah-Dana H. , Fogarty Zachary C. , Bamlet William R. , Olson Timothy M.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Deciphering hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) pathogenesis is confounded by its genetic heterogeneity and oligogenic underpinnings.

Methods:

Whole genome sequences were analyzed by 3 independent strategies to identify
HLHS
gene candidates, ranked by variant, gene, and disease-level metrics.

Results:

First, a genome-wide association study of 174 cases and 853 controls revealed suggestive association with a
MYO18B
intron 33 variant (rs2269628-G; frequency=0.55 versus 0.39; OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.54–2.52];
P
=6.70×10
−
8
). Second, transmission disequilibrium testing of 161 HLHS proband-parent trios revealed overrepresentation of a
MYO18B
intron 42 variant (rs73154186-A; frequency=0.05; OR, 24 [95% CI, 3.2–177.4];
P
=4.23×10
−
6
). Third, rare, predicted-damaging variants were filtered in 2 multiplex families. In 141H, 2 fifth-degree relatives with HLHS shared a paternally-inherited
MYO5A
missense variant (p.Arg801Trp; frequency=0.00003; combined annotation-dependent depletion score=29), each with a maternally-inherited or de novo candidate modifier variant in a MYO5A-interacting conventional myosin. In 442H, a HLHS proband was compound heterozygous for
MYO15A
variants—a maternally-inherited pathogenic stop-gain variant co-segregating with tetralogy of Fallot and bicuspid aortic valve in maternal relatives (p.Tyr2819Ter; frequency=0.00003) and a paternally-inherited intronic variant altering a canonical transcription factor binding site (rs1277068603; frequency=0.00001; position weight matrix score=0.98).

Conclusions:

Collectively, these findings suggest that common and rare alleles within unconventional myosin genes are associated with HLHS susceptibility. The identified candidate
MYO18B
regulates cardiac sarcomerogenesis, supporting the hypothesis of intrinsic myogenic perturbation in arrested left heart development.
Astragalus tijuanensis and Astragalus brauntonii var. lativexillum, a new species and a new variety in the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae) from extreme northwestern Baja California, Mexico
Authors: ESTRADA CASTILLÓN EDUARDO , REBMAN JON P. , GONZÁLEZ CARLOS , VILLARREAL QUINTANILLA JOSÉ ÁNGEL
Published: December 2022

We describe and illustrate Astragalus tijuanensis, morphologically related to Astragalus palmeri, and Astragalus brauntonii var. lativexillum as a new species and a new variety respectively from extreme northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Both new taxa were discovered growing on specialized clay soils in a recently burned chaparral habitat, both taxa are extremely rare and threatened.
Second-step lectotypification of Garcinia stipulata (Clusiaceae) and its recollection from Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: RANJAN VINAY , KUMAR ANANT , KRISHNA GOPAL
Published: December 2022

Garcinia stipulata (Clusiaceae) is recollected after a lapse of 53 years from Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling, India. A taxonomic description with photograph and illustration are provided to facilitate easy identification. Also, a second-step lectotypification is discussed.
Systematic significance of cypselae in the Calea teucriifolia complex
Authors: MARQUES DANILO , RESENDE BUENO VINÍCIUS , MAGALHÃES TELES ARISTÔNIO , MARZINEK JULIANA
Published: December 2022

The Calea teucriifolia group is composed by four species of the tribe Neurolaeneae (Asteraceae). Despite numerous attempts to taxonomically understand this group of species through macromorphological characters, no progress has been made due to the overlapping of these characters. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the taxonomic values of cypselae morphology and anatomy for this group. Studies focused on cypsela have represented an advance, since patterns of phytomelanin deposition, pericarp and pappus morphology have allowed classifications within Asteraceae. Our results demonstrate that the cypselae of the analyzed group have a high morphological uniformity. Hence, cypsela morphology does not have characters that support separation of the species. However, the patterns of phytomelanin deposition in this group represent an anatomical novelty in Calea, and perhaps, in Neurolaeneae. The Calea teucriifolia group has the same deposition pattern observed in the tribe Eupatorieae. New systematic approaches are needed to solve taxonomic questions in the Calea teucriifolia group, and an expansion of the cypsela anatomical studies of the Neurolaeneae genera could demonstrate whether the Eupatorieae phytomelanin pattern of deposition could correspond to an apomorphy for the tribe.
In the middle way there was a Callianthe (Malvaceae): a new species in forest path edges from Espírito Santo state, Brazil
Authors: R. COSTA MARIA TEREZA , F. ZORZANELLI JOÃO PAULO , G. BOVINI MASSIMO
Published: December 2022

We propose a new species restricted to the Atlantic Forest from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, Callianthe capixabae. Morphological description, taxonomic comments, illustrations, distribution, habitat, and phenology are provided. C. capixabae is closely related to C. glaziovii and C. schenckii, but can be distinguished from them mainly by indument, inflorescence type, calyx nerves, corolla colour and fruit length.
Development of a Hybrid Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation System over the Western Maritime Continent
Authors: Lee Joshua Chun Kwang , Barker Dale Melvyn
Published: December 2022

A hybrid three-dimensional ensemble–variational (En3D-Var) data assimilation system has been developed to explore incorporating information from an 11-member regional ensemble prediction system, which is dynamically downscaled from a global ensemble system, into a 3-hourly cycling convective-scale data assimilation system over the western Maritime Continent. From the ensemble, there exists small-scale ensemble perturbation structures associated with positional differences of tropical convection, but these structures are well represented only after the downscaled ensemble forecast has evolved for at least 6 h due to spinup. There was also a robust moderate negative correlation between total specific humidity and potential temperature background errors, presumably because of incorrect vertical motion in the presence of clouds. Time shifting of the ensemble perturbations, by using those available from adjacent cycles, helped to ameliorate the sampling error prevalent in their raw autocovariances. Monthlong hybrid En3D-Var trials were conducted using different weights assigned to the ensemble-derived and climatological background error covariances. The forecast fits to radiosonde relative humidity and wind observations were generally improved with hybrid En3D-Var, but in all experiments, the fits to surface observations were degraded compared to the baseline 3D-Var configuration. Over the Singapore radar domain, there was a general improvement in the precipitation forecasts, especially when the weighting toward the climatological background error covariance was larger, and with the additional application of time-shifted ensemble perturbations. Future work involves consolidating the ensemble prediction and deterministic system, by centering the ensemble prediction system on the hybrid analysis, to better represent the analysis and forecast uncertainties.
Increasing occupational participation: A qualitative analysis within the “Occupational Self-Analysis” program
Authors: Fernández-Solano Ana Judit , Rodríguez-Bailón María , Del Baño-Aledo Maria Elena
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Occupational participation is a key element to increase the quality of life in the population. One of the effective interventions to increase occupational participation is the “Occupational Self-Analysis” program. The aim of this study was to analyze participant’s reported benefits about the “Occupational Self-Analysis” program.

Method:

This is a qualitative study with 26 participants (12 people with intellectual disability, 7 affected by acquired brain injury, and 7 students) who participated in weekly group sessions and one individual session. The outcomes were measured based on participant diaries and focus group transcriptions.

Results:

Two main themes emerged: (1) supports for occupational participation and (2) barriers for occupational participation. The thematic analysis of the categories was based on the Model of Human Occupation to increase applicability of the program in occupational therapy practice.

Conclusions:

The “Occupational Self-Analysis” program allowed participants to increase their knowledge of supports provided for and the barriers against occupational participation.
Relative political capacity: A dataset to evaluate the performance of nations, 1960–2018
Authors: Fisunoglu Ali , Kang Kyungkook , Kugler Tad , Arbetman-Rabinowitz Marina
Published: December 2022

Measuring the ability of governments to implement policy remains one of the most significant questions of political science. This paper presents the latest iteration of the Relative Political Capacity (RPC) dataset and introduces the Absolute Political Capacity measure. It then investigates the trends in political performance measures across time and space, and different political and economic characteristics. Covering 168 countries from 1960 to 2018, the RPC offers a comprehensive measure of state capacity that allows direct comparisons to be made across countries from all levels of development and will help researchers explore different dimensions of capacity and power.
People on the tweets: Online collective identity narratives and temporality in the #LebaneseRevolution
Authors: Louis Dima , Mielly Michelle
Published: December 2022

Our study examines collective identity development in the early stages of a social movement as it narratively unfolded on Twitter during the 2019 October revolution in Lebanon. Based on a sample extraction of Twitter content from the first month of the revolution and using both thematic and narrative analyses, our study uncovers an entangled temporality where past, present and future strands of narrative time intervene in online identity narratives. Disentangling these digital narratives enabled us to identify three temporal-thematic categories that outline the contours of the emergent online identity: a revisited narrative past evoking collective nostalgia, a disruptive narrative present creating an urgent “presence in the now,” and a prefigurative narrative future that allows online members to collectively re-imagine and co-create their collective selfhood. Taken together, these findings support better understandings of collective identity emergence in digitally-mediated social movements in three different ways. First, building on the organizational literature on temporality in collective identity formation, we highlight how temporal narratives online support and accelerate a nascent collective identity through their immediacy and global reach. Second, by approaching narrated time theoretically and not chronologically, we address recent calls that challenge linear temporal narratives. We highlight how entangled temporality contributes to the emergence of a social movement’s online collective identity. Ultimately, from a methodological perspective, we offer an approach for “disentangling” digital temporality and propose (ante)narrative theory as a useful interpretive lens for better apprehending identity-relevant social media content.
Liquid injection field desorption/ionization as a powerful tool to characterize volatile, labile, and reactive metal–organic complexes
Authors: Boysen Nils , Devi Anjana
Published: December 2022

Electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) is often used to characterize volatile and thermally stable organometallic complexes relevant for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. However, this method has limitations for thermally unstable and labile organometallic complexes. In this context, EI-MS is not the preferred method of choice for characterizing such compounds. With three different representative organometallic complexes based on the transition metals yttrium, iridium, and silver, relevant as precursors for CVD of different materials, the significance of liquid injection field desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LIFDI-MS) as an important precursor characterization tool is exemplified. The precursors are not only reactive toward ambient air, but also thermally labile especially in the case of iridium and silver complexes. As a promising alternative, LIFDI-MS is used to overcome the limitations of EI-MS. For the first time, these complexes were successfully analyzed using LIFDI-MS. The comparison between EI-MS and LIFDI-MS highlights that LIFDI-MS is superior for the mass spectrometric analysis of sensitive and labile complexes. In terms of precursor characterization, LIFDI-MS can be fully exploited to gain valuable insights into the decomposition mechanisms and identifying the nuclearity of organometallic precursors used for CVD applications.
Migration, Diversity and Development in the Villages in Murshidabad District, West Bengal
Authors: Sk Md Musharuddin
Published: December 2022

With their significant social and cultural diversities, people live together in villages of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. The densely populated villages have high pressure on resources such as land and the rural labour market. NITI AYOG has reported Murshidabad district as one of the most backward districts in India. International labour migration started in the 1970s following the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, for better jobs and income. Devastating floods in 2000 accelerated the emigration of labour to the Gulf countries to mitigate the damage. In recent years, especially post-flood time, Hindu neighbours with Muslim counterparts also moved to Gulf countries for better income. Remittances improved villagers’ material conditions (land and housing) and developed the growing local rural market.

The knitted social cohesion between Hindus and Muslims initiated and accelerated the emigration process of Hindus, too, later on, further tightening the family and social ties in the post-migration period. This trust and ties of diverse groups have strengthened the potential for creating sustainable societies and attaining several SDGs, specifically SDG 1 (no poverty) and SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions).
Patterns of Victimization and Gender: Linking Emotion, Coping, Reporting and Help-seeking
Authors: Fohring Stephanie
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to systematically address the differing experiences of men and women across the process of victimization and to situate the findings in terms of gendered differences in coping behaviours. The significance of gender and related emotional responses across four stages of victimization—risk, reporting to the police, service use and satisfaction—are explored via a series of logistic multi-level models of Scottish Crime and Justice Survey ( n = 16,000) data, each one examining the impact of gender and emotional responses at subsequent stages in the process of victimization. Variables representing negative emotional responses to crime felt by respondents were included as proxy measures indicating poor or unsuccessful coping. These consisted of eight binary variables measuring anger, shock, fear, depression, anxiety, vulnerability, having difficulty sleeping and crying/being tearful. Findings demonstrate that men have significantly greater odds of personal crime victimization (excluding domestic and sexual violence) yet have lower odds of reporting their victimization to the police. They are also less inclined to take up victim support services than women and find services less helpful when they are in fact used. Also evident is the comparative importance of the emotional impact of crime and coping strategies on further involvement with the criminal justice system.
Assessment of beneficial fungal microorganism’s bio-efficacy in stimulating morphological and physiological parameters of Allium cepa plants grown in soil amended with fish wastes
Authors: Abdelhameed Reda E. , Metwally Rabab A.
Published: December 2022

Background

The increase in the human consumption of fish results in the production of organic fish wastes (FW). For enhanced soil fertility and plant growth at a lower cost and without the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers, these wastes could be employed as a valuable organic fertilizer. To determine the synergistic bio-efficacy of Trichoderma sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in stimulating the morphological and physiological characteristics of FW-fertilized Alium cepa, as well as to investigate their involvement in boosting soil fertility, the current study was carried out. Overall, eight treatments were applied as follows: AM, Trichoderma sp., AM + Trichoderma sp., FW, AM + FW, Trichoderma sp. + FW, AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW, and control. Growth and physiological assessments of onion plants were taken after 8 weeks from FW application.

Results

Our results showed that FW application combined with AM fungi and Trichoderma sp. inoculations increased aggregate stability of the soil (glomalin content) and soil chitinase activity. Moreover, using the bio-inoculations along with FW amendments significantly (p < 0.05) improved the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrates, and nutrients content of onion plants. It's interesting to note that the triple interaction of AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW led to the greatest increase in plant height, root length, number of leaves, and leaf area as well as total fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. Besides, AM fungal colonization was at its highest percentage with Trichoderma sp. inoculation, although this percentage decreased with FW addition.

Conclusion

We concluded that the combined treatments of AM fungi and Trichoderma sp. along with FW application to the soil can be proposed as a successful strategy for plant performance in nutrient-deficient soils as both fungal inoculants are capable of degrading these wastes and converting them into manure suitable for farming so plants can uptake the minerals effortlessly.
Validation of Novel spot blotch disease resistance alleles identified in unexplored wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines through KASP markers
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Pradhan Anjan Kumar , Kumar Uttam , Dhillon Guriqbal Singh , Kaur Satinder , Budhlakoti Neeraj , Mishra Dwijesh Chandra , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Rakesh , Kumari Jyoti , Kumaran Vikas V. , Mishra Vinod Kumar , Bhati Pradeep Kumar , Das Saikat , Chand Ramesh , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Sundeep
Published: December 2022

Background

During the last few decades, the diverse sources of resistance, several genes and QTLs for spot blotch resistance have been identified. However, a large set of germplasm lines are still unexplored that have the potential to develop highly resistant wheat cultivars for the target environments. Therefore, the identification of new sources of resistance to spot blotch is essential for breeding programmes to develop spot blotch resistant cultivars and sustain wheat production. The association mapping panel of 294 diverse bread wheat accessions was used to explore new sources of spot blotch disease resistance and to identify genomic regions using genome wide association analysis (GWAS). The genotypes were tested in replicated trials for spot blotch disease at three major hot spots in India (Varanasi in UP, Pusa in Bihar, and Cooch Behar in West Bengal). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated to assess the level of resistance in each genotype.

Results

A total of 19 highly and 76 moderately resistant lines were identified. Three accessions (EC664204, IC534306 and IC535188) were nearly immune to spot blotch disease. The genotyping of all accessions resulted in a total of 16,787 high-quality polymorphic SNPs. The GWAS was performed using a Compressed Mixed Linear Model (CMLM) and a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). A total of seven significant MTAs, common in both the models and consistent across the environment, were further validated to develop KASP markers. Four MTAs (AX-94710084, AX-94865722, AX-95135556, and AX-94529408) on three chromosomes (2AL, 2BL, and 3BL) have been successfully validated through the KASP marker.

Conclusions

The new source of resistance was identified from unexplored germplasm lines. The genomic regions identified through GWAS were validated through KASP markers. The marker information and the highly resistant sources are valuable resources to rapidly develop immune or near immune wheat varieties.
Development of diagnostic algorithm using machine learning for distinguishing between active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Luo Ying , Xue Ying , Liu Wei , Song Huijuan , Huang Yi , Tang Guoxing , Wang Feng , Wang Qi , Cai Yimin , Sun Ziyong
Published: December 2022

Background

The discrimination between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains challenging. The present study aims to investigate the value of diagnostic models established by machine learning based on multiple laboratory data for distinguishing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection status.

Methods

T-SPOT, lymphocyte characteristic detection, and routine laboratory tests were performed on participants. Diagnostic models were built according to various algorithms.

Results

A total of 892 participants (468 ATB and 424 LTBI) and another 263 participants (125 ATB and 138 LTBI), were respectively enrolled at Tongji Hospital (discovery cohort) and Sino-French New City Hospital (validation cohort). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the value of individual indicator for differentiating ATB from LTBI was limited (area under the ROC curve (AUC) < 0.8). A total of 28 models were successfully established using machine learning. Among them, the AUCs of 25 models were more than 0.9 in test set. It was found that conditional random forests (cforest) model, based on the implementation of the random forest and bagging ensemble algorithms utilizing conditional inference trees as base learners, presented best discriminative power in segregating ATB from LTBI. Specially, cforest model presented an AUC of 0.978, with the sensitivity of 93.39% and the specificity of 91.18%. Mtb-specific response represented by early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) spot-forming cell (SFC) in T-SPOT assay, as well as global adaptive immunity assessed by CD4 cell IFN-γ secretion, CD8 cell IFN-γ secretion, and CD4 cell number, were found to contribute greatly to the cforest model. Superior performance obtained in the discovery cohort was further confirmed in the validation cohort. The sensitivity and specificity of cforest model in validation set were 92.80% and 89.86%, respectively.

Conclusions

Cforest model developed upon machine learning could serve as a valuable and prospective tool for identifying Mtb infection status. The present study provided a novel and viable idea for realizing the clinical diagnostic application of the combination of machine learning and laboratory findings.
Primary central nervous system CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Luo Shuai , Huang Xiang , Li Yao , Wang Jinjing
Published: December 2022

Background

CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a very rare and heterogeneous invasive cancer characterized by chemical resistance and poor prognosis. Primary CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system is even rarer, presenting great challenges in pathological diagnosis and clinical treatment.

Case presentation

We report a case of primary CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS in a 54-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with a headache lasting more than 10 days. CT and MRI scans showed right temporal lobe lymphoma. Microscopically, large infiltrating lymphoid cells that induced brain tissue damage were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were CD79a+, PAX-5+, MUM1+, and CD20-. The patient was diagnosed with lymphoma and transferred to an oncology hospital for chemotherapy. However, because the disease progressed rapidly, the patient died only after two rounds of chemotherapy.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reported cases of unclassifiable CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma located in the CNS. This case report aims to deepen the understanding of clinicopathological features of this type of lymphoma and expand the scope of this disease.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy or best supportive care in patients with localized pancreatic cancer not receiving chemotherapy and surgery (PANCOSAR): a nationwide multicenter randomized controlled trial according to a TwiCs design
Authors: Doppenberg D. , Besselink M. G. , van Eijck C. H. J. , Intven M. P. W. , Koerkamp B. Groot , Kazemier G. , van Laarhoven H. W. M. , Meijerink M. , Molenaar I. Q. , Nuyttens J. J. M. E. , van Os R. , van Santvoort H. C. , van Tienhoven G. , Verkooijen H. M. , Versteijne E. , Wilmink J. W. , Lagerwaard F. J. , Bruynzeel A. M. E. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group
Published: December 2022

Background

Significant comorbidities, advanced age, and a poor performance status prevent surgery and systemic treatment for many patients with localized (non-metastatic) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These patients are currently treated with ‘best supportive care’. Therefore, it is desirable to find a treatment option which could improve both disease control and quality of life in these patients. A brief course of high-dose high-precision radiotherapy i.e. stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) may be feasible.

Methods

A nationwide multicenter trial performed within a previously established large prospective cohort (the Dutch Pancreatic cancer project; PACAP) according to the ‘Trial within cohorts’ (TwiCs) design. Patients enrolled in the PACAP cohort routinely provide informed consent to answer quality of life questionnaires and to be randomized according to the TwiCs design when eligible for a study. Patients with localized PDAC who are unfit for chemotherapy and surgery or those who refrain from these treatments are eligible. Patients will be randomized between SABR (5 fractions of 8 Gy) with ‘best supportive care’ and ‘best supportive care’ only. The primary endpoint is overall survival from randomization. Secondary endpoints include preservation of quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30 and -PAN26), NRS pain score response and WHO performance scores at baseline, and, 3, 6 and 12 months. Acute and late toxicity will be scored using CTCAE criteria version 5.0: assessed at baseline, day of last fraction, at 3 and 6 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months following SABR.

Discussion

The PANCOSAR trial studies the added value of SBRT as compared to ‘best supportive care’ in patients with localized PDAC who are medically unfit to receive chemotherapy and surgery, or refrain from these treatments. This study will assess whether SABR, in comparison to best supportive care, can relieve or delay tumor-related symptoms, enhance quality of life, and extend survival in these patients.

Trial registration

Clinical trials, NCT05265663, Registered March 3 2022, Retrospectively registered.