bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of distance from skin to lumbar epidural space with age and height of patients
Authors: Bala Manju , Chhikara Monica , . Deepika , Kaur Kiranpreet , Bansal Teena , Naz Sabiha
Published: November 2020

Background: Epidural block is a popular and versatile procedure with applications as sole anaesthetic, as an analgesic adjuvant to general anaesthesia and for post-operative analgesia in procedures involving lower limbs, perineum, pelvis, abdomen and thorax. However, success of the epidural technique depends upon the correct identification of epidural space. The knowledge of distance from skin to epidural space can help in better identification of epidural space and epidural catheter placement with fewer incidences of complications. We conducted a study to find the distance from skin to the epidural space and its correlation with patient height and age to improve the success rate.  Methods: Seventy-four patients scheduled to undergo lower lumbar surgeries where epidural block was required as anaesthetic or analgesic, were included in the study. These patients were randomly divided into four different groups of 37 patients each according to their age (group A and group B) and height (group C and group D). In these patient’s epidural block was given by standard technique according to the need of surgery and epidural depth measured. Obtained results were compared among group A, B and group C, D depending on their age and height respectively.  Results: In group A (age 20-30 years), mean epidural depth was 3.96±0.4 cm while in group B (age 30-40 years) mean epidural depth was 4.05±0.5 centimeters. In group C (height 155-169 cm) mean epidural depth was 3.88±0.4 centimeters while it was 4.13±0.5 centimeters in group D (height 170-184 cm).Conclusions: There was increase in epidural depth with increase in height of patients but there was no correlation between age of patients and epidural depth.
Management strategy for management of independent practice nursing in Badung District, Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: . Taukhit
Published: November 2020

Background: Nurses have the authority to open an independent practice of nursing as one of the health services. But in reality, not all nurses can implement management strategies independently of nursing practice well to support the progress of practice. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of nurses' experiences in conducting management strategies in opening independent nursing practices in Badung Regency, Bali Province.Methods: The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The main informants consisted of nine nurses who owned independent nursing practices. The triangulation informant was from the chairperson of the Indonesian national nurse’s association of Badung regency and three patients. Data analysis uses the fixed comparison method according to Glaser and Strauss.Results: Research shows strategies in managing independent nursing practice management include planning for strategic place selection, organizing structured services, planning for providing facilities and managing personnel. At the implementation stage of the service strategy formulation includes promotive, preventive and complementary treatment activities. The most effective service introduction through word of mouth marketing. At the quality control stage through increased competence and service improvement. The development of practices is planned to be a joint practice, hospitalization, an independent practice training center and a clinical practice place for nursing students.Conclusions: The independent nursing practice management strategy was carried out at the preparation, implementation and control stages of the independent nursing practice management formulation.
Bridging the gap-determinants of successful breastfeeding among mothers of rural India
Authors: Janardhan Alok M. , Alok Sandhya , Janardhan Leelavathi , Sudhakar Y. M.
Published: November 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is the most crucial intervention with exponential positive impact on the maternal and infant health, that can change the community health outcome. Although a general awareness regarding breastfeeding cannot be undermined, there is significant gap in its optimal understanding, and practice in the rural community.Methods: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted in a rural nursing home and clinic. Mothers aged 15-45 years who were actively breast feeding or have breastfed in the past, visiting for various reasons.Results: Out of 300 mothers included in the study, most mothers were aged 20-30 years (66%), stay-at-home (77%), below-poverty-line (81%) with school-level education (43%). 77% mothers knew about breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour of life, 75% knew exclusive breastfeeding must be practiced for 6 months. 74% knew that breastmilk reduces risk of allergies in baby, 58% were aware of its thermoregulatory benefits in neonates, 41% knew about its contraceptive benefits. 17% mothers felt embarrassed to breastfeed in public, 28% felt breastfeeding is a hindrance to occupation. 51% mothers fed by partial emptying of both breasts in each feed, 28% practiced burping of children for 20 minutes, 5% stored expressed breastmilk at room temperature, none knew about storage of breastmilk in fridge.Conclusions: Mothers lack awareness about thermoregulatory benefits, reduced allergy risks and lactational contraceptive benefits of breastfeeding. They lag significantly, regarding complete emptying of each breast during feeds, adequate burping of baby, expression and storage of breastmilk. Significant gap between knowledge and practice of successful breastfeeding noted.
Development of behaviour change communication model for improving male participation in maternal and child health services among Saharia Tribes in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh: a mixed method approach
Authors: Adhikari Tulsi , Gulati Bal Kishan , Juneja Atul , Nair Saritha , Rao M. V. Vardhana , Sharma Ravendra Kumar , Saha Kalyan B. , Singh Shalini
Published: November 2020

Background: Behaviour of men, their beliefs and attitudes affect the maternal health outcomes of women and their babies. The exclusion of men from maternal health care services could lead to few women seeking maternal health services. A study was conducted for development of a Behaviour change communication (BCC) model for improving the male participation in utilization of maternal and child health services among Saharia tribes of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh and to assess its feasibility.Methods: Mixed method approach, both quantitative and qualitative, were used in the study.  Couple interviews were conducted to assess the level of maternity care services utilization and level of male participation in maternity care.  Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key informants’ Interviews (KIIs) were conducted to assess the community perspective and barriers of male participation.  In the exploratory phase, there were couple interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions and data analysis, followed by development of a Behavior Change Communication (BCC).  Feasibility of the model was assessed through three principles, i.e., acceptance, integration with the current programme and short term impact of BCC.Results: Based on the findings of couple interviews, FGDs and KIIs, a BCC model was developed to improve the male involvement in maternal and child health and its feasibility was assessed.Conclusions: The developed BCC model went successfully through the three principles of the feasibility and therefore it can be implemented in Saharias for improving the male participation in maternity care and for improving the utilization of maternity care services.
The evaluation of immunization coverage under mission Indradhanush: a review
Authors: Thakur Ruchi , Awasthi Aanchal Anant , Taneja Neha , Janardhanan Rajiv
Published: November 2020

The government of India introduced mission Indradhanush (MI) to strengthen the routine immunization planning and delivery mechanism. It was launched on 25th December 2014 with an objective to achieve more than 90% full immunization (FI) coverage in the country. To evaluate universal immunization coverage, barriers encountered for not achieving the target and problem solving in removing the barriers. PubMed and google scholar were used to search the relevant articles. PRISMA tool was used for the review process and for in­clusion of potential articles. The studies conducted in Manipur, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and south Kerala reported successful achievement of MI goal. The minimum FI percentage was 57% and the maximum was 96.4%. The most common reason for not achievement of the goal was lack of awareness, illiteracy, child illness, fear of adverse effects.
Assessment of COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, practice and professional risk factors associated to develop infection among the police personnel of Bangladesh during the rapid rise period of the outbreak
Authors: Chakraborty Bahni , Chakraborty Pushpita , Islam Ashekul , Bhuiyan M. Nur Hossain , Palit Pulak Kanti , Chowdhury M. Rabiul Hasan , Al Mamun Abdullah , Uddin Mohammad Mosleh , Barua Anannya
Published: November 2020

Background: Bangladesh police have been engaged in different COVID-19 related containment activities consequently they are being badly affected and sacrifice their lives. However, as a newly outbreak pandemic, there may have lack of proper knowledge, attitude and practices in handling to prevent rapid spreading of deadly COVID-19 virus in Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the KAP and associated risk factors with COVID-19 among police personnel during pandemic. Total 2290 police personnel from different metropolitan cities were included and data were collected over telephone interview with an administered questionnaire following a convenient sampling technique. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were examined using Chi-square test. We also explored the independent risk factors for COVID-19 infection using binary logistic regression.

Results: Out of 2290 respondents 458 (20%) were found to be COVID-19 positive and majority (42.5%) of them were male (97.5%) and belonged to age group of 31-40 years. Our study showed that an increased risk of COVID-19 infection for those who stayed in police barrack (OR=3.45; 95% CI:1.21-6.42; p<0.021), not practicing social distancing always (OR=2.13; 95% CI:1.12-5.31; p<0.031) and not wearing mask appropriately (OR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.31-4.52; p<0.003).

Conclusions: This study provides a unique baseline of KAP and professional risk factors among the police personnel in Bangladesh on COVID-19 which indicated that, community-based health campaigns are obligatory to hold expectant attitudes and practice appropriate intervention measures. KAP study aimed at other front liners should be urgently addressed.
The Last Mile Challenge of Sewage Services in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Sturzenegger Germán , Vidal Cecilia , Martínez Sebastián
Published: November 2020

Access to piped sewage in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) cities has been on the rise in recent decades. Yet achieving high rates of end-user connection between dwellings and sewage pipelines remains a challenge for water and sanitation utilities. Governments throughout the region are investing millions in increasing access to sewage services but are failing in the last mile. When households do not connect to the sewage system, the full health and social benefits of sanitation investments fail to accrue, and utilities can face lost revenue and higher operating costs. Barriers to connect are diverse, including low willingness to pay for connection costs and/or the associated tariffs, liquidity and credit constrains to cover the cost of upgrades or repairs, information gaps on the benefits of connecting, behavioral obstacles, and collective action failures. In contexts of weak regulation and strong social pressure, utilities typically lack the ability to enforce connection through fines and legal action. This paper explores the scope of the connectivity problem, identifies potential connection barriers, and discusses policy solutions. A research agenda is proposed in support of evidence-based interventions that have the potential to achieve higher effective sanitation coverage more rapidly and cost-effectively in LAC. This research agenda must focus on: i) quantifying the scope of the problem; ii) understanding the barriers that trigger it; and iii) identifying the most cost-effective policy and market-based solutions.
Research on Sustainable Development of Chinese Campus Football Based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: Li Hanming , Chen Xingquan , Chen Song , Yang Kai
Published: November 2020

This article first shows the connotation of Chinese campus football and its significance to the development of sports and education in China, and then using literature research method and field investigation. SWOT analysis is carried out on the sustainable development of Chinese campus football. This article points out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the sustainable development of Chinese campus football, and provides a new research perspective for it.
Research on the Application of Chinese Traditional Elements in Contemporary Interior Design
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: November 2020

China has a long history of history and culture, and it has gathered a variety of cultural elements and symbols in the long history. The cultural connotation and spiritual heritage presented by traditional Chinese decorative elements provide a source and motivation for the innovative development of the modern decoration industry. Therefore, drawing on traditional elements to carry out innovative exploration of the art design has become an important outlet for the development of the industry. This article aims at exploring a sustainable development path for China’s art design field by analyzing the current application of traditional Chinese elements in contemporary interior decoration design.
An Analysis of Chinese American Literature from the Perspective of
Cultural Translation
Authors: Chen Zhenyuan
Published: November 2020

The rise and development of Chinese-American literature is closely related to the socio-cultural context in which the subject of its creation resides. Because the works contain a lot of Chinese elements, the writing of Chinese American literature often entails translation from the perspective of cultural studies. This kind of translation does not refer to the simple conversion on linguistic level, but the adaptation of Chinese culture, Chinese history and Chinese experience, which is a kind of invisible cultural translation. Chinese American writers have applied Chinese traditional culture to their works and achieved success in the target audience, which provides effective solutions and rich experience for the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture. This paper intends to study Chinese American literature from the perspective of cultural translations, and its enlightenment on the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture overseas.
Utilization of Emissions from Reactors of a Delayed Coking Installation
Authors: Dexenov M.K. , Ismagilov F.R.
Published: November 2020

The features of utilization of low-pressure gas emissions from reactors of a delayed coking installation are considered. A technical solution has been proposed for the compression and purification of low-pressure hydrocarbon gases from hydrogen sulfide by using a liquid-ring compressor with an amine solution mixed with a hydrocarbon fraction taken in a certain ratio as a working liquid. Gasolines, kerosene, diesel fuels and any other hydrocarbon mixtures with low viscosity can be used as the hydrocarbon fraction. Preferably use gaseous gasoline obtained during the compression of gas or distillate in the main distillation column. Test results and computational studies confirm the advantages of using a binary working fluid compared to using the components separately.
Responsible Pulp and Paper Production: Sustainable Development Goals and Circular Economics.
Authors: Kryazhev A.M. , Guseva T.V. , Tikhonova I.O. , Ocheretenko D.P. , Almgren R.
Published: November 2020

The article presents results of a case study aimed at the analysis of environmental and technological modernization of an integrated pulp and paper mill. The peculiarities of technological industrial regulation based on the Best Available Techniques in the European Union and the Russian Federation are considered. The data on the resource efficiency and environmental performance indicators are provided for the pilot enterprise. The key role of the Best Available Techniques in developing new modern production processes and minimizing losses, waste generation and negative environmental impacts is shown. The contribution of the pilot enterprise towards achievement of the sustainable development goal (SDG) 12 “Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns” is traced.
Phyto-fouling of the Shoreholding Structure and its Variability (the Feodosia bay, Black sea)
Authors: Evstigneeva I.K. , Tankovskaya I.N.
Published: November 2020

The species and ecological composition, production potential (phytomass) and spatial and temporal sustainability of phyto-fouling of the coastal hydraulic engineering structure have been studied. Macroalgae of 30 species, 20 genera, 12 families, 11 orders, 4 classes, 3 departments were found in the fouling formation. Taxonomic leaders of the community are Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Ulva, Cladophora, Ceramium, ecological leaders are marine, leading, annual and oligosaprobe species. Species with high rate of occurrence prevail in the fouling formation. Spatial variability of species’ composition and phytomass is moderate. Analysis of phyto-fouling in different years and seasons allowed to identify features that are stable in time and space or capable of transformation.
USO DE APLICATIVOS MÓVEIS NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM NA GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Santos Tiago Ribeiro dos , Soares Luciano Gualberto , Machado Lucas Dias Soares , Brito Nayara Santana , Palácio Maria Augusta Vasconcelos , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar os aplicativos móveis disponíveis para o ensino de exame-físico e procedimentos de enfermagem e como estes têm contribuído com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na graduação de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em abril de 2020, conforme protocolo pré-definido e recomendações PRISMA. Resultados: os aplicativos Oiva®, Vital Easy®, Whatsapp®, Facebook® e e-mails foram identificados como utilizáveis no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na graduação em enfermagem, contribuindo com maior interação entre estudantes e professores, esclarecimento de dúvidas e como fonte de informação para consultas. Conclusão: a utilização de aplicativos móveis é pertinente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na graduação de enfermagem, por oportunizar a troca de experiências e informações entre indivíduos pertencentes a diferentes realidades, ampliando o acesso ao conteúdo, possibilitando o engajamento, limitando barreiras geográficas e adequando-se a realidades específicas.

Descritores: Aplicativos Móveis. Exame Físico. Educação em Enfermagem.
CULTURA DE SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Kruschewsky Nathália Dantas Farias , Freitas Kátia Santana , Filho Aloísio Machado da Silva
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento produzido na literatura sobre a cultura de segurança do paciente em cuidados intensivos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa fundamentada no referencial teórico de Whittemore e Knaf, realizada nos portais PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), mediante cruzamento dos descritores “organizational culture”, “patient safety”, e “intensive care units”, por meio do operador booleano “AND”, totalizando 22 publicações. Resultados: foram identificadas três categorias de evidências: instrumentos para avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente, fortalezas e fragilidades da cultura de segurança do paciente em terapia intensiva, cultura de segurança do paciente em terapia intensiva e fatores associados. Conclusão: as publicações demonstraram o quanto é difícil construir uma cultura de segurança local, já que nenhuma apresentou uma cultura de segurança do paciente positiva. Entretanto, foram demonstrados fatores associados à cultura de segurança, nos quais é possível intervir para melhor efetivá-la. Descritores: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Segurança do Paciente. Cultura Organizacional.ta a realização de estudos para conhecer mais determinantes da cultura de segurança e aprofundar o conhecimento dos que já foram demonstrados.
 
Descritores: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Segurança do paciente. Cultura organizacional.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF PEO ELECTROLYTES ON THEIR STABILITY AND COATING PROPERTIES
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kuzin Ya.S. , Kozlov I.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Sibileva S.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Fomina M.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: November 2020

The efficiency of various variants of the component composition of alkaline electrolytes of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was studied. Technical liquid glass, NaOH, Na2B4O7, Na3PO4, and NaAlO2 were used as components of aqueous solutions. All of the studied components of electrolytes are the most common for use in PEO processes of aluminum alloys. The influence of the component composition of electrolytes on their stability during 30 days of exposure was evaluated, and the most stable compositions were selected. The structure and properties of coatings formed on samples of aluminum alloy AK6 during PEO are studied. The dependences of the hardness of coatings and their growth rate on the composition of the electrolyte are established. Possible variants of coating growth in the PEO process with different component composition of electrolytes are proposed.
CREATING HOLES IN SOUND-ABSORBING STRUCTURES DURING MOLDING
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Dyshenko V.S. , Minibaev M.I. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Usacheva M.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: November 2020

Monolithic samples are made of carbon fiber based on fabrics that are cured by infusion. Perforation is carried out on a CNC milling machine after confirmation and on special equipment until confirmation. Samples are cut from the plate at an angle of 4–5°, as the orientation of the holes in real sound-absorbing structures. Samples tested for tensile strength according to GOST 56785–2015. Samples cut from plates made by molding give 25% higher results than samples obtained by processing on a CNC machine.
IT’S ABOUT TIME: Trying an Essay Film
Authors: Bal Mieke
Published: November 2020

This essay is about the essay, a form (as Adorno called it) of thought alive that is partial in the two senses of the word: subjective and fragmented. Thinking as social, performative, and always un-finished; as dialogic. Through the mythical figure of Cassandra, who could foresee the future but was cursed to be never believed, I tried to “figure,” make a figural shape for the thoughts on the indifference of people towards the imminent ecological disaster of the world. At the invitation of Jakub Mikurda of the Łódź Film School to come and make an essay film, within one week, but with the participation of many great professionals, I was able to create, at least in the first draft, the essay film IT’S ABOUT TIME!

The ambiguity of the title suggests the bringing together of my thoughts about time, in relation to history in its interrelation with the present, and, as the exclamation mark intimates, the urgency to do something. The former is enacted by a tableau vivant of Cassandra’s lover Aeneas as Caravaggio’s John the Baptist, with a contemporary painting by David Reed shifting over it; and by interactions with two paintings by Ina van Zyl. The urgency is presented in many of the dialogues, quoted from various sources, especially Christa Wolf’s novel Cassandra. I argue that “thinking in film,” with film as a medium for thought, is what the essay film’s foremost vocation is. Through a reflection on “thought-images,” which I see as the result of “image-thinking,” I also argue for the intellectual gain to be had from “essaying” thought artistically.
The Death of Language: Listening to the Echoes (of Georges Bataille) in "Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II—The Sith Lords"
Authors: Hanuszkiewicz Marcin
Published: November 2020

This article is, firstly, an analysis of Kreia, a character from the Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II—The Sith Lords video game, a character whose role in the game is pivotal: the conversations the player has with Kreia serve as the main narrative basis for the entire game experience. Secondly, on the basis of a collection of quotations from these conversations, this article juxtaposes Kreia and Georges Bataille. An intriguing variant of the blind seer trope is revealed in Kreia through studying the game’s poetics, in which a focus on the sense of hearing is discerned. Kreia and Bataille are compared in their understandings of the universe, and a similarity between their ulterior motives is discovered: both of them struggled against something which was considered to be an inextricable element of their respective universes.
In vitro Culture of Early Secondary Preantral Follicles to Obtain MII Oocyte Developmental Competence from CD-1 Outbred Mice
Authors: Kim Jongwon , Lee Seungki , Choi Jung Kyu
Published: November 2020

Background: The ovarian follicle is the fundamental functional tissue unit that consists of mammalian ovary. In humans, it has been known that females are born with a maximum number of follicles or oocytes that are not only non-renewable, but also undergoing degeneration with time with a sharply decreased oocyte quality after the age of 35. Methods: Here, we demonstrate that successful isolation of primary, early secondary and late secondary follicles from the ovaries of CD-1 outbred female mice and in vitro culture system to successfully induce the development of MII oocytes. Result: The 9 days of in vitro culture of early secondary follicles showed significant higher rates in growth and maturation displaying higher numbers of antral follicles and MII oocytes developed from early secondary follicles compared to those cultured for 11 days. However, there was no visible difference induced by the size of initial follicles in the rates of growth and maturation. MII oocytes derived from in vitro culture of early secondary follicles following in vitro fertilization developed into two-cell embryos. These observations demonstrate that developmentally competent MII oocytes can be obtained by in vitro culture of preantral follicles derived from the ovaries of CD-1 mice and reveal a crucial role for CD-1 mice as a novel model for research on human ovarian follicles. Furthermore, this study proposes an in vitro culture system using preantral follicle as a therapeutic strategy for fertility preservation of humans for assisted reproductive medicine.
Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Canine Distemper Virus from a Naturally Infected Dog in China
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Meng Peipei , Song Xiaoming , Li Shuguang , Yang Ruimei , Zhang Chuanmei , Shan Hu , Wen Yongjun
Published: November 2020

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) can infect a variety of predators, such as Canidae, Mustelidae and Procyonidae family and cause high morbidity and mortality. Genetic/antigenic heterogeneity has been observed among various CDV strains, notably in the haemagglutinin (H) gene. Based on sequence analysis of the H gene, wild-type CDV strains can be divided into distinct genotypes. Methods: We used Vero/SLAM cells to isolate CDV strains from clinically naturally infected dog tissues. Here, the H gene sequence of the isolated strain was analyzed for the restriction enzyme polymorphism with RT-PCR-RFLP method and the method could be used to distinguish CDV vaccine strains from wild-type strains. Furthermore, the genetic and antigenic variation of the H gene was also analyzed.Result: Our results indicated that Vero cells expressing canine SLAM allow the efficient isolation of CDV wild-type strains. The isolated CDV was named Shandong strain. Phylogenetic analysis identified that Shandong strain was CDV wild-type strain, the Asian genotype I. Analysis of the potential glycosylation site of the H gene and determination of the neutralization titer PD50 showed that there were immunogenic differences between the Shandong strain and the vaccine strains.
Genetic Analysis of First Lactation Monthly Test Day Milk Yields, Peak Yield and 305 Days Milk Yield in Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: Rana Ekta , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Singh Avtar , Chakravarty Atish Kumar , Yousuf Saleem , Karuthadurai T.
Published: November 2020

Background: The estimates of genetic parameters are useful in determining the appropriate method of selection that could further be implemented in the breed improvement programmes. The present study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the genetic parameters (heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations) for monthly test day (TD) milk yields, peak yield (PY) and first lactation 305 days milk yield (FL305DMY) in Murrah buffaloes.Methods: Paternal half-sib correlation method was carried out by least-squares maximum likelihood programme to estimate genetic parameters of first lactation 4,209 and 408 records of monthly test day milk yield and peak yield, respectively, of 408 Murrah buffaloes (sired by 62 bulls) calved in between 1993 and 2017 at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal.Result: Heritability of FL305DMY and peak yield was estimated as 0.35±0.17 and 0.33±0.16, respectively. Heritability estimates for mid-lactation monthly test day milk yields were found to be moderate. Genetic correlation of monthly test day milk yields with FL305DMY was positive and highly significant for TD-4 to TD-9 and TD-11. Peak yield showed high genetic and phenotypic association with FL305DMY. High genetic and phenotypic correlation among monthly test day milk yields, peak yield and FL305DMY suggested that TD-4 to TD-9 and TD-11 test day milk yields and peak yield could be used for the selection of elite animals.
Identification and Comparative Phylogeny of Sheep and Goat Pox Isolates from Jammu, India
Authors: Sharma Sankalp , Nashiruddullah Nawab , Taku Anil , Roychoudhury Parimal , Ahmed Jafrin Ara
Published: November 2020

Background: In view of the limited documentation of sheep and goat pox disease in animals of Jammu region, it was felt necessary to conduct a blanket screening of the small ruminant populations in areas where they are largely reared. Methods: The investigation was conducted to study the occurrence of capripox infection amongst small ruminants through clinical survey and confirmatory laboratory diagnosis. PCR amplification of a part of the P32 core protein gene successfully confirmed Capripoxvirus (CaPV) in clinical scab samples from both sheep and goats and from inoculated CAM. Positive amplified samples yielded a predicted 192 bp product. Result: Sequencing of the partial P32 gene of one isolate each from sheep (Sheeppoxvirus, SPPV) and goat origin (Goatpoxvirus, GTPV) revealed that each isolate were distinct and showed 97.8% identity with each other. The SPPV clustered with respective sheeppox cluster with 100% homology to with other SPPV strains reported within India and abroad and also to vaccine strains Srinagar and Rumanian-Fanar (RF). The GTPV was closely identical (~98-99%) with other strains from India and abroad with some unique residues of its own. Both the SPPV and GTPV were divergent from Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) strains. The sequence of SPPV strain being similar to circulating strains and prevalent vaccines in the country favours a common vaccination strategy. However, specific GTPV vaccine is not available in the country. The circulating CaPV isolates were found to be host specific. The possibility of vaccination failures or disease caused by vaccines itself, or cross transmission between hosts cannot be ruled out and in such instances it becomes difficult to distinguish with natural disease.
Use of Flower of Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC as Growth Promoter in Divyan Red Poultry Birds
Authors: Chakrabarti Asit , Sarkar Pradip Kumar , Kumar P.R. , Yadav V.K. , Naik S.K. , Jha B.K. , Dey A. , Bhatt B.P.
Published: November 2020

Background: In view of abundant availability of Spilanthes paniculata in flora of Jharkhand and widely reported benefits of its dried flowers, the current study aimed to explore the possibility and to quantify the effect of use of flowers of S. paniculata as feed additives in stimulating body growth in poultry birds. Methods: A four week experiment consisting of 60 numbers of poultry birds (Divyan Red) of five months old subjected to four treatments consisting of 15 birds in each treatment distributed equally with 5 replications, was undertaken during 2016-19 following randomized block design to observe the effect of feeding dried flowers of S. paniculata on body weight increase in poultry birds. Result: Feeding of dried flowers of S. paniculata @ 10 g/bird/day resulted in a gradual increase in rate of weight gain up to 14 days of feeding, whereas feeding @ 15 g and 20 g/bird/day resulted in increase in body weight gain up to 7 days. Feeding @ 10 g/bird/day resulted in highest body weight increase after feeding for four weeks and improved in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P ˂ 0.05) than the other 3 treatments. It is advisable for poultry owners to incorporate dried flowers of S. paniculata at a dose of 10 grams per bird per day for three weeks for attaining maximum growth in body weight in poultry birds.
Gross Morphological Studies on the Vertebral Column of Indian Eagle Owl (Bubo bengalensis)
Authors: Sridevi P. , Rajalakshmi K. , Sivakumar M. , Karthikeyan A.
Published: November 2020

Background: Indian eagle owl known to rotate their necks up to 270 degrees in either direction without injuring their vessels running below the head thereby without cutting off blood supply to their brains. The vertebral column in birds carry peculiar features like higher number of cervical vertebrae due to long mobile neck, lumbar and sacral vertebrae fused together giving rigidity which aid in flight. The extensive fusion of vertebral column posterior to the neck provides the required rigidity in the trunk region, this inflexibility feature might reduce weight, as it avoids the need for extensive musculature to maintain a streamlined and rigid body posture during flight. The current study aimed to study the vertebral column of Indian eagle owl in order to understand the anatomical adaptations related to this species. Methods: The specimens were procured from three Indian eagle owl brought for post mortem examination during the year 2019 to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry. After completion of the post-mortem examination the carcass was collected and macerated as per the standard technique and various measurements on vertebral column bones were measured using vernier calliper. Result: The study revealed that vertebral column of Indian eagle owl consisted of 14 cervical vertebrae, 7 thoracic vertebrae, 13 to 14 lumbar vertebrae fused with sacral vertebrae forming synsacrum and 7 coccygeal vertebrae. The hypapophyses of the 14th cervical vertebra and first two thoracic vertebrae were trifid in nature specific feature seen in Indian eagle owl. The vertebral column had characteristics features of hypapophyses, transverse process, pneumatic foramen and neural spine which enable the owl to adapt for head rotation and various task involving vertebrae.
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium from Captive Wildlife of India
Authors: Ramadevi Pampana , Venu Ravipati , Kumar Nagaram Vinod
Published: November 2020

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging zoonotic protozoan disease caused by Cryptosporidium spp. The infection was reported worldwide from domestic animals and humans, including wild animals. From India, no such reports were published on Cryptosporidium infection in captive wildlife. Hence, a pilot study was conducted to report the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in captive wildlife of India. Methods: Faecal samples (n=788) were collected from 127 captive wildlife species of three zoological parks viz., Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park (SVZP), Tirupati (n=242); Indira Gandhi Zoological Park (IGZP), Visakhapatnam (n=218); Nehru Zoological Park (NZP), Hyderabad (n=328) and screened for Cryptosporidium infection. Preliminary screening of faecal samples was done for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) staining method and the test positives were confirmed by nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene. Nested PCR amplicons were sequenced for determining the Cryptosporidium species. The resultant data were statistically analyzed by Fisher/Chi square, Fisher Exact test using SPSS software v 17.0.Result: In mZN staining method, 7.23 percent of isolates were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium and the highest rate of infection was detected in wildlife at NZP, Hyderabad (8.23%), followed by SVZP, Tirupati (7.44%) and IGZP, Visakhapatnam (5.50%). Cryptosporidium positive faecal samples by mZN staining were further confirmed by nested PCR and positive amplicons were sequenced for determination of Cryptosporidium species. Genetic characterization revealed five species viz., Cryptosporidium parvum; C. ryanae, C. suis, C. muris and Cryptosporidium avian genotype III. The study conclude that, Cryptosporidium infection was prevalent in the captive wildlife from the zoological parks of India and species variation was marked among the wildlife. Based on the available literature, the current study is the first of its kind on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in captive wildlife from India.
Diagnosis of Tvt with Cell Cytology and Efficacy of Treatment with Vincristine Sulfate in Non- Descriptive Indian Canine Breeds
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Jha Ajeet Kumar , Ray Kalyani , Gautam Avnish Kumar , Singh Dharmendra
Published: November 2020

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a commonly occurring contagious reproductive tumor of dogs affecting both sexes. Methods: Six female mongrel dogs were brought to Veterinary clinical complex, WBUAFS, Belgachia, Kolkata with the history of inappetence, mass swelling on genitalia and blood tinged urine with dysuria for the past two weeks. Following Physical examination, protruded mass was noticed on external genital region. Impression smear was collected from protruded mass for confirmation of vacuole cell. Chemotherapy was applied with Vincristine @ 0.025 mg/kg b.wt; slow IV once a week for 4 weeks along with supportive treatment. Result: After the end of the 4th week of Chemotherapy animals were showed uneventful recovery.
Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Skull Bones of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)
Authors: Choudhary O.P. , . Priyanka , Kalita P.C. , Gündemir Ozan , . Keneisenuo , Kalita A. , Doley P.J.
Published: November 2020

Background: There is scanty information on the morphometry of the skull of Indian mithun; therefore, the present study was designed to provide morphometric data of the skull of Indian mithun. Methods: The study was conducted on the skull bones of twelve (n=12) adult Indian mithun of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The head region samples of naturally died mithun were collected from different parts of the Mizoram and Nagaland states of India from September, 2019 to March, 2020. In the present study, altogether, a total of forty-five parameters were taken in the skull bones of males and females of Indian mithun. Result: The biometrical observations on the different parameters of the skull of Indian mithun were found to be significantly (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05) higher in the males than females. The measurements demonstrated that the skull of the mithun was elongated and dolichocephalic as per the value of the skull index. The skull index/ cephalic index was 48.76±0.03 in males and 48.71±0.02 in females of the mithun. The length, width of the skull was 44.52±0.02, 44.41±0.02 in males and 21.62±0.04, 21.57±0.05 in females of mithun, respectively. The orbital margin was circular and complete in mithun. The cranial cavity of mithun was oval in outline with a capacity of 530.00±0.27 cm3 in males and 523.00±0.31 cm3 in females. The foramen magnum was large, roughly oval with a foramen index as 96.93±0.06 in males and 97.19±0.04 in females. The present morphometrical studies on the skull of mithun can be useful to the wildlife professionals and zoo veterinarians for the determination of sex of this animal and distinguish from other domestic and wild animals for solving veterolegal cases.
Determine Cyp17a1 and Ki67 Expressions in Pcos Induced Rat Model Treated with Sepia pharaonis Ink Extract Proves Effective
Authors: Ebenezer J. Leonoline , Gunapriya R. , Ranganathan K. , Vijayaraghavan R. , Ganesh M. Karthik
Published: November 2020

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic action of Sepia pharaonis ink extract in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model and perform Immunohistochemistry to confirm the findings.Methods: The female rats were grouped into 5 consisting of six animals each. Only water was given to the control group. For inducing PCOS, Letrozole 1mg/kg.b.wt was administered to the subsequent four groups for 21 days. To the third group, an allopathic drug, clomiphene citrate 1mg/kg was given for 19 days after PCOS induction. The SPIE was subjected to lyophilisation to make a black powder and next two groups were administered orally with two different dosages of SPIE (100mg and 200mg respectively) mixed with water after PCOS induction. Vaginal smears were taken from all groups till 21 days and then treatment was started with clomiphene citrate (CC) and SPIE. After 21 days, vaginal smears were taken from all groups till ovulation was induced. The test drug effects were studied using ovary weight both right and left, body weight, hormonal levels, histopathology of ovary and Immunohistochemistry. Result: PCOS group showed rapid increase in the ovarian weight when compared to control and was reduced by CC and SPIE treatment. The levels of progesterone and estradiol were found lower and testosterone levels were found higher in PCOS rats which were favourably altered. Vaginal smears coincided with the histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings. SPIE can be used as a therapeutic drug for PCOS in future, reduce infertility complaint of females and prevent early inception of diabetes mellitus.
The Potential of using Olive Pomace as Soilless Growing Medium for Crop Cultivation Inside Greenhouse
Authors: Rahil M. H. , Najjar K. , AbuAlfia R.
Published: November 2020

Background: The improper disposal of olive pomace causes a serious environmental issue in Palestine because of its negative effects on soil, environment and ground water. The current study was aimed to investigate the potential of using olive pomace as soilless growing medium.
Methods: During the period 2016-2017 two field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Palestine Technical University Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine. In the first experiment, olive pomace was mixed with peat moss as follows (Op:Pt2:1, Op:Pt1:1, Op:Pt1:2 and Op100%). In the second experiment, olive pomace was mixed with peat moss and compared with different known growing medium as follows (Op:Pt1:1, Op:Pt1:3, Pt:Vr1:1 and Pt:Pr1:1).
Result: Results of the first experiment indicated that the olive pomace treatment (Op:Pt1:2) produced the highest plant height compared to the other treatments. In the second experiment the (Pt:Vr1:1) and (Pt:Pr1:1) treatments produced the highest yield of cucumber without significant difference between those two treatments. The (Op:Pt1:1) treatment produced higher plant height, root depth, dry weight, yield production and fruit number of cucumber compared with (Op:Pt1:3) treatment.
Improving Physiological and Yield Traits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by using Various Sources of Organic Wastes and Bio Fertilizers, Rhizobia
Authors: Veeral D. Kumarimanimuthu , Kalaimathi P.
Published: November 2020

Background: Investigations were carried out during Rabi, 2016 and Summer, 2017 at farmer’s field in Kodukkanpalayam village of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the direct effects of agro industrial wastes (bagasse ash, pressmud and distillery spentwash), crop residues, farmyard manure with 50% inorganic sources, with and without Rhizobia on various traits of groundnut. There were twelve treatments in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that the growth and yield components of groundnut viz., plant height, DMP and LAI at flowering stage, number of pods per plant, hundred kernel weight, pod yield and kernel yield were greatly influenced by the treatments.
Methods: Combination of Pressmud @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Rhizobia @ 2 kg ha-1 + 50% RDF (T7) recorded the highest and followed by the application of distillery spentwash @ 100 m3 ha-1 + Rhizobia @ 2 kg ha-1 + 50% RDF (T8). Similar trend of results was recorded in summer, 2017 also. This might be due to the increase in the availability of nutrients, which increased the growth and yield attributes of groundnut in both the seasons. Also, use of agro industrial wastes and biofertilizers in any cropping sequence minimize the cost of inorganic fertilizers, thereby act as a boom to farmers by making the waste into wealth and maintain the soil health and fertility.
Result: The study revealed the scope of utilization of agro industrial wastes (bagasse ash, pressmud and distillery spentwash), organic sources (crop residues and FYM) and biofertilizer (Rhizobia) in Agriculture.