bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LE CINQUE GIORNATE DI ALFONSO LITTA MODIGNANI
Authors: Gaspari Gianmarco
Published: November 2019

Alfonso Litta Modignani had a major role during the Five Days of Milan. He gave an account of this intense though brief experience in a diary, later kept in his family archive, and now edited by Claudia Locatelli and Antoniotto Guidobono Cavalchini. The diary is a remarkable historical record of the 1848 events and it offers to the reader a unique dimension of human involvement. It is also worth mentioning the literary quality of this precious discovery, particularly close - as several clues reveal - to the lesson of Manzoni.
LA SCIENZA DEI DATI: UNA NUOVA SFIDA MULTIDISCIPLINARE
Authors: Mira Antonietta
Published: November 2019

The present manuscript aims to delineate and deepen the new multidisciplinary challenge of Data Science. In order to make the reader aware of the revolutionary scope of this new discipline, I will review various examples of success arising from the analysis of so called â€œBig Dataâ€. My analysis will not fail to underline the economic and social impact of the Big Data revolution by also referring to the ethical issues that naturally arise in the presence of sensitive data and information.
LA RELIGIONE ROMANA IN PROSPETTIVA
Authors: Scheid John
Published: November 2019

It is necessary to question the confusion currently prevalent in the study of ancient religions between the religion of the individual, in the romantic meaning of the concept, and polytheistic and ritualistic religions as practiced in the Roman world until the emergence of Christianity. By refusing this anachronistic reference to the notion of the individual, and by including in his research the history of the notion of person, which, as historical anthropology has shown, is a later concept that emerged during the forth-fifth century and in a Christian context, the historian is much more open to the study and understanding of religions different from Christianity.
ASSESSING THE INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE OF ITALIAN SMEs
Authors: Marseguerra Giovanni , Bragoli Daniela , Cortelezzi Flavia
Published: November 2019

This article aims at assessing the innovative performance of Italian SMEs through the analysis of the many dimensions which together define firmsâ€™ innovative capability. The European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) classifies Italy as a moderate innovator. However, when disaggregating the data, it is possible to observe that Italy performs below the European average, when considering Innovation Enablers (e.g. Human Resources, R&D and Financial Support) and Firmsâ€™ Innovation Activities, and above the European average, when focusing on the the Output of innovation, i.e. its economic effect on exports and sales. Thus, it seems that Italian SMEs have been able to exploit agglomeration economies, due to the fruitful activity of industrial districts, and have been the actors of a success story, which combines growth and innovation. Finally, the article identifies and briefly examines three key questions: the impact of capital structure on innovation, the role of public funding in addressing R&D strategies and the potential benefit of the cooperation between firms and universities.
VITTORIO EMANUELE ORLANDO: STUDIOSO, POLITICO, COSTITUENTE
Authors: Onida Valerio
Published: November 2019

The article traces the career of Vittorio Emanuele Orlando: early scholar, he soon became a master in public law, and a political protagonist before the advent of the fascist regime, to which he never gave his adhesion, focusing mainly on his role in the Constituent Assembly, of which he was the dean. His important interventions are recalled, including the one against the ratification of the Peace Treaty, and those, particularly deepened and passionate, on the draft of the Constitution. Orlando expressed his reservations about the choices made by the majority of the Assembly about the form of government, but he finally expressed his hope in the future of the country and his belief in the beginning of a new worldwide era, in which a new "type of State" would take place, in which Italy too, at par with the other States, would have to abandon "the proud affirmation of the absolute sovereignty”.
I NUMERI DEGLI IMMIGRATI
Authors: Ge Rondi Carla
Published: November 2019

After acknowledging the existence of different definitions of migrant, this work addresses the issue of achieving estimates that are comparable across time and space. Consequently, the first part of the work focusses on the definitions of migrant adopted by widely used statistical sources of migration data (ISTAT, UN, IOM, WORLD BANK, EUROSTAT). The second part critically analyses the migration data provided by ISTAT, EUROSTAT and UN, respectively referring to Italy, Europe and the world. As regards UN data on international migrations, the countries that define migrants by citizenship were kept separate from those that define them by place of birth. Finally, a comparison is offered between the data on immigration in Italy provided by UN (defined by place of birth) and those provided by ISTAT (defined by citizenship).
PSICOLOGIA DELLE MENTI ASSOCIATE - Le letture di Carlo Cattaneo allâ€™Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere
Authors: Cattaneo Carlo
Published: November 2019

Non disponibile
UNA STORIA POCO NOTA. LE LEGGI RAZZIALI E LA CHIMICA. MILANO 1941
Authors: Albini Angelo , Vita Finzi Paola
Published: November 2019

The racial laws inhibited the access to universities. The Israelite community in Milan reacted by establishing a special course, perfectly matching a university course, and chose a curriculum in chemistry. This highly successful attempt is presented in the frame of the scientific and academic situation of the time.
GLI IDROCARBURI TRA IMPATTO ECONOMICO, RICERCA E PROSPETTIVE
Authors: Aniello CalabrÃ² Roberto
Published: November 2019

Fossil fuels are the only non-renewable energy sources on which the world economy is based directly affect development. The main producer countries are located in the Middle-East (oil) and Russia and Middle East (gas). The oil search began in 1860 and has had a significant development during the Second World War, and in particularly in the post-war development, linked to the reconstruction. The formation of hydrocarbons is linked to the presence of fine-grained rocks (shales and limestone) that contain organic matter (1-14%), of vegetable (such as algae and leaves) and animal origin (microorganisms). When the rocks that contain this organic substance are buried subjected to high lithostatic load and the temperature reaches about 90Â°C, the organic matter begins to be transformed and at a temperature of about 120Â°C, begins to form oil, and at a temperature of about 140Â°C, gas is generated. After generation and migration the hydrocarbons accumulate in porous rocks (reservoirs), characterized by a geometry structures allowing their accumulation. Above the reservoir there should be a fine-grained and impermeable rock, that does not allow oil to disperse. In recent years, oil & gas companies have started to invest on non-conventional hydrocarbons, in particular, represented by shale gas and oil sands. To date, proven oil reserves amounted to 1.333 billion barrels of oil and 187.490 billion cubic meters of gas, reserves estimated to last for about approximately 50 years. If we add unconventional hydrocarbon reserves available and take into account the current consumption rate we could estimate that we would have oil for about 100 years more.
LE FUMAROLE DI VULCANO (EOLIE): UN LABORATORIO CHIMICO NATURALE
Authors: Gramaccioli Carlo Maria
Published: November 2019

he minerals from volcanic fumaroles have long attracted the interest of scientists: among these persons, we find not only geologists or volcanologists in the strict sense, but chemists and physicists as well, with a long series of publications spanning an interval of more than three centuries. Whereas Vesuvius was the most â€œclassicalâ€ locality for such observations until the last half of the 20th century, in recent times Vulcano in the Aeolian islands has become instead the most promising locality in Europe for such studies, which provide a series of important observations involving several disciplines.
FROM EMERGING BIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS TO NOVEL TREATMENT STRATEGIES IN PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Limonta Patrizia , Moretti Roberta M. , Mai Stefania , Marzagalli Monica , Motta Marcella , Montagnani Marelli Marina
Published: November 2019

Prostate cancer is androgen-dependent in its initial phase. GnRH agonists, through desensitization of pituitary GnRH receptors and subsequent suppression of testosterone secretion, represent the therapy of choice for this pathology. After an initial phase of remission, prostate cancer progresses towards its most aggressive phase of castration-resistance (CRPC). Since conventional chemotherapy treatments (i.e., docetaxel) have provided scant benefit, the identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression will definitely help increase the therapeutic options for this almost incurable pathology. Receptors for GnRH agonists are expressed in CRPC cells and their activation significantly inhibit the proliferative and the metastatic behavior of cancer cells, and interferes with the angiogenic process. These data support the notion that locally expressed GnRH receptors represent an effective molecular target for novel therapeutic strategies for CRPC.
DINAMICA COOPERATIVA IN SISTEMI COMPLESSI: CONGETTURE PER UN MODELLO DA CONFUTARE
Authors: Pieruccini Marco
Published: November 2019

The problem of the molecular motion in (polymeric) liquids approaching the glass transition or under confinement - where dynamic or structural constraints at the borders of a domain affect the bulk dynamics - is addressed. A statistical thermodynamic approach is proposed for the description of this phenomenology. Despite its incompleteness, the model allows for the estimate, from just mechanical and/or dielectric relaxation measurements, of both the chemical potential barrier for the conformational changes and the size of the regions where these changes take place. The relevant arguments are developed with constant reference to the philosophical framework proposed by Karl Popper for a general view of science and its relationship with less scientific areas of thought.
CARBON ATOMIC WIRES: FROM STARS TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Casari Carlo S.
Published: November 2019

Carbon can produce a wide variety of systems and nanostructures with different dimensionality as exemplified by fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, all with peculiar properties of great interest for fundamental and applied research. In this framework sp-hybridized carbon atoms can arrange to form atomic wires with size dependent functional properties. The sp form of carbon has a long story passing through astrophysics and minerals found in meteor craters and, although still considered elusive and unstable, nowadays a number of nano-systems constituted by or containing sp-carbon wires have been produced and characterized. As graphene is considered the thinnest material (one-atom thick), carbon atomic wires represent true 1-dimensional systems (one- atom diameter) with a great potential for nanoscience and nanotechnology. The status of research on carbon atomic wires is here discussed, starting from the description of ideal systems to real structures, showing that the properties can be tuned by controlling the wire length (i.e. number of carbon atoms) and termination (atom, molecular group or nanostructure). Synthesis techniques are presented as well as strategies to have stable wires. A particular attention will be given to the use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide insight on the structure and electronic properties of these systems. Perspectives for novel devices based on the exploitation of the electronic properties of these systems are also discussed.
NUOVI APPROCCI TEORICI E SPERIMENTALI ALLA SCOPERTA DI FARMACI
Authors: Bolognesi Martino
Published: November 2019

New theoretic and experimental approaches to drug discovery. Environmental, demographic and ecological reasons suggest that either novel or known viruses will continue to emerge worldwide, posing new threats to the human population. Additionally, therapeutic interventions present different outcomes; for example, vaccination campaigns in the Third World often encounter local distribution problems and reach an insufficient fraction of the population. For many viruses no vaccine is available, such that the toll death is high, particularly in tropical countries and among infants. On the other hand, resistance of bacteria to know antibiotics is increasingly a serious threat, often associated to nosocomial infections. As a result, new ideas and approaches to the discovery or design of new effective drugs are a high priority in all civilized countries, to prevent and be ready to face potential pandemics. In this context, our group at the University of Milano, in collaboration with several European and extra- European labs, has been exploring the structural and functional properties of enzymes involved in the replication of (+)stranded RNA viruses as targets for the design of antiviral drugs. The rationale behind the choice of specific target viral is the idea that these are structurally and functionally sufficiently different from their human counterparts; thus, blocking the virus enzyme with a new drug should not be reflected by adverse reactions in the human host. The discovery approach applied in our laboratory has been based on a series of specific experimental steps: i) the analysis of crystal structure of the free enzymes, through X-ray crystallography; ii) in silico (computational) preliminary screening of selected enzyme regions towards which the drug search is targeted (e.g. mostly the enzyme active sites); iii) biochemical and biophysical tests of enzyme inhibition; iv) crystal structure analyses of enzyme/inhibitor complexes; v) in cell/in vivo testing; vi) inference for drug-lead optimization. This research method proved effective in discovering low molecular weight inhibitors of two key enzymes from Yellow fever virus (and partly for Dengue virus), and for Norovirus. Specifically, we targeted Norovirus studying the long known drug Suramin (used in the therapy of â€˜sleeping sicknessâ€™), which was selected through the procedure described above through our in silico docking screenings. Our crystallographic and inhibition assays allowed to highlight the inhibitor binding mode and satisfactory functional inhibitory parameters. Subsequently, in the context of an international collaboration, we could test a series of Suramin molecular fragments, in search of new active compounds endowed with suitable pharmacological parameters. The described research activity, which is based on new conceptual and multidisciplinary approaches to drug discovery, has led to the production of several small molecules that will be further developed into antiviral compounds.
REGULARITY OF THE SOLUTION TO A NONSTANDARD SYSTEM OF PHASE FIELD EQUATIONS
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Gilardi Gianni , Sprekels JÃ¼rgen
Published: November 2019

A nonstandard system of differential equations describing two-species phase segregation is considered. This system naturally arises in the asymptotic analysis recently done by Colli, Gilardi, KrejÄÃ­, and Sprekels as the diffusion coefficient in the equation governing the evolution of the order parameter tends to zero. In particular, a wellposedness result is proved for the limit system. This paper deals with the above limit problem in a less general but still very significant framework and provides a very simple proof of further regularity for the solution. As a byproduct, a simple uniqueness proof is given as well.
LA SCOPERTA DEL BOSONE DI HIGGS
Authors: Fraternali Marco
Published: November 2019

In July 2012, the two experiments ATLAS and CMS, operating at the CERN proton-proton collider LHC, announced the discovery of a new particle consistent with the Higgs boson. This observation confirms a key prediction of the Standard Model of particle physics, that the Universe is pervaded by a field which conveys mass to the elementary constituents of matter. This paper reviews the experimental effort which led to such a result, and the challanges that had to be overcome during the conception and constuction of LHC and its experiments, the most powerful accelerator and the most complex detectors ever built. Finally, the nature and role of CERN and the meaning and impact of fundamental research are briefly discussed.
SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES FOR DRAG REDUCTION
Authors: Bottaro Alessandro
Published: November 2019

Properties of superhydrophobic materials are examined in light of their possible use for drag reduction in naval applications. To achieve superhydrophobicity a low-surface-energy material must be structured so as to minimize the liquid-solid interactions. The crucial aspect is that of maintaining a layer of gas in between the (rough) wall and the liquid, and this can be achieved by hierarchical micro- and nano-structuring of the solid surface, to ensure a sufficiently large apparent slip of the fluid at the wall, thus reducing skin friction. The behavior of the liquid is quantified by a slip length; recent results have shown that this length can be as large as 400 Î¼m. As far as transition to turbulence is concerned, we show that superhydrophobic surfaces are effective (i.e. they delay the onset of travelling instability waves) only in channels with characteristic dimensions of a few millimeters. Conversely, when the fluid flow has already attained a turbulent state, the gain in term of drag reduction can be very significant also in macroscopic configurations. This occurs because the relevant length scale of the boundary layer is now the thickness of the viscous sub-layer, which can be of magnitude comparable to the slip length, so that an effective coupling emerges. Finally, some procedures to produce superhydrophobic surfaces are examined, in light of the possible application of such innovative coatings on the hull of ships.
DALLâ€™EPISTOLARIO DI CARLO ERMES VISCONTI, NOTE SU VICENDE DI MONUMENTI MILANESI
Authors: Grisoni Michela Marisa
Published: November 2019

The unpublished letters of Carlo Ermes Visconti (1834-1911) goad a further investigation on the architectural events discussed in Milan during the last decades of the nineteen century, especially, referring to the Lazzaretto and the restoration of the Sforza Castle. The correspondence of the marquis Visconti, with Luca Beltrami, Gaetano Negri and Giovanni Celoria, at least, shows the nature of his relationship with the cultural and political milieu he attended supporting a deeper analysis of his profile, not only the biographic one. Contents and correlations singled out throught this documents among figures, actions and circumstances allow a few remarks and some new perspectives about his opinion on restoration and preservation of the ancient buildings and, furthermore, the role he played in the settlement of civic collections and museums, being these topics different part of a same goal.
LA BIOLOGIA SINTETICA COME UN NUOVO QUADRO INTERPRETATIVO DEI SISTEMI VIVENTI
Authors: De Lorenzo VÃ­ctor
Published: November 2019

Synthetic Biology is not just a contemporary update of the recombinant DNA technologies of the past 30 years along with a descriptive language imported from electrical and industrial engineering. It is also a new interpretative key of living systems as well as a declaration of intent on the use and reprogramming of biological objects for human benefit. In the same way that scientific chemistry initiated by Lavoisier evolved into the Chemical Engineering that is the basis of our industrial society, Biology has acquired a transforming potential that will possibly lead to a type of industry and economy very different from the current paradigm. To this end, it is essential to identify bottlenecks that limit the design of biological objects from first principles and not to miss the train of Synthetic Biology at its current foundational stage, when talent -and not the muscle- is what really matters.
THE PERCEPTION OF AMBIGUOUS IMAGES AS A QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESS
Authors: Caglioti Giuseppe , Benedek Giorgio , Cocchiarella Luigi
Published: November 2019

A simulation of the dynamic perception of the Necker cube in terms of a two level quantum system â€“ e.g. a qubit realized by a Josephson junction or by an electron of spin Â½ controlled by magnetic fields â€“ indicates that the neuro-physiological transformation leading, through a symmetry reduction, to perceptual reversal is controlled by the principles of quantum mechanics. A value of the order of 0,32 mJ.s is estimated for the elementary neuro-physiological action simulating the Planck constant at a mesoscopic level. In this interdisciplinary study key concepts are utilized: symmetry, symmetry reduction, self-organization, superposition principle and ambiguity.
NEURONAL APOPTOSIS AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Terenghi Giorgio
Published: November 2019

Following distal nerve injury significant sensory neuronal cell death occurs in the dorsal root ganglia, while after a more proximal injury, such as brachial plexus injury, a sizeable proportion of spinal motoneurons also undergo cell death. This phenomenon has been undervalued for a long time, but it has a significant role in the lack of functional recuperation, as neuronal cells cannot divide and be replaced, hence the resulting nerve regeneration is usually suboptimal. It is now accepted that this cell death is due to apoptosis, as indicated by analysis of specific genes involved in the apoptotic signalling cascade. Immediate nerve repair, either by direct suturing or nerve grafting, gives a degree of neuroprotection, but this approach does not fully prevent neuronal cell death and importantly it is not always possible. Our work has shown that pharmacological intervention using either acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) give complete neuroprotection in different types of peripheral nerve injury. Both compounds are clinically safe and experimental work has defined the best dose, timing after injury and duration of administration. The efficacy of neuroprotection of ALCAR and NAC can be monitored non-invasively using MRI, as demonstrated experimentally and more recently by clinical studies of the volume of dorsal root ganglia. Translation to patients of this pharmacological intervention requires further work, but the available results indicate that this approach will help to secure a better functional outcome following peripheral nerve injury and repair.
The Infiniscience of the hospitable God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob: Re-interpreting Trinity in the light of the Rublev icon
Authors: Louw Daniel J.
Published: November 2019

Because of the impact of church doctrine and many documents explaining the official confession of many denominations in Christianity, Trinity was mostly defined in terms of static and substantial categories (the impassibility of God). The undergirding research assumption is that the latter reflects, in most cases, more abstract and rather positivistic metaphysical speculation than representing the vividness of God’s compassionate being-with as explained and revealed in the narratives of the biblical account on God’s graceful intervention with the frailty of human life. The relational dynamics between the Father, the Son and the Spirit should be revisited. In this respect, the Rublev icon on Trinity could help establish the circular and spiral thinking of divine perichoresis as modes of God’s unpredictable, but faithful, covenantal and redemptive encounter with human misery. Trinitarian thinking should be directed by hospice-categories rather than by personhood-categories representing ‘substance’. It is argued that the trinitarian interplay should be re-interpreted in terms of compassionate categories stemming from the passio Dei in theopaschitic theology. This approach should be supplemented by the bowel categories of ta splanchna in order to qualify the infiniscience of the JHWH-Godhead: the being of divine interventions in terms of verbing terminology.
Is There a Place for Conservative Treatment of Acute Appendicitis?
Authors: Hamdi Jamal T.
Published: November 2019

Acute appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis continues to present clinicians with problems despite the advances in the investigating technology. This retrospective study aims to review appendiceal histopathological records in a district hospital in Makkah in 2007. The study was based on all appendices removed during emergency appendectomies to identify the proportion of normal and mildly inflamed appendices, in addition to their sex ratio, so that a prospective study can be carried out with conservative treatment with antibiotics, if justified. The records were divided into negative, mild and severely inflamed or perforated appendix. The number of the operations was 405, with nearly equal male and female ratio. The ratio of normal appendix was 24.2%, mild appendicitis was 26.4%, and severe appendicitis was 49.4%. Over 50% of all emergency appendectomies were performed on normal or mildly inflamed appendix, which rises to over 60% in females alone. The number of the males with severe appendicitis is nearly 50% more than that of the females. Patients, especially females, with normal or mildly inflamed appendix, if identified before surgery, may benefit from conservative treatment with antibiotics.
Survival and Disease Complication of Thalassemia Major: Experience of 14 Years at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
Authors: Al Jaouni Soad K.
Published: November 2019

Treatment of thalassemia major is complex, expensive and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Optimal clinical care is demanding and expensive, but achievable. To assess the prevalence of survival and disease complications among patients with thalassemia major treated at our center; a retrospective chart review was done of all patients followed and treated at King Abdulaziz University Hospital with a diagnosis of Thalassemia Major from 1990-2004. A total of 360 patients (203 males & 157 females) were transfusion dependant since early childhood and treated with parenteral Deferoxamine. Out of 360 patients, 293 (90.29%) patients were alive, 27 (7.2%) patients had died, 15 (4.2%) patients underwent BMT and 25 (6.9%) patients'follow-up were lost. Twelve (3.3%) patients died from heart disease. 7 (1.9%) patients died from infections, all patients were splenectomized. The serum ferritin levels for patients who died were significantly higher than for those patients who survived (7,500 vs. 3, 200; p < 0.001). Cardiac constitutes the first important cause of death followed by infection. Complications and deaths among thalassemics is iron related organ dysfunction and age related. The majority of complicated patients were on non-optimal chelation therapy and non-compliance.
Do Monkeypox Exposures Vary by Ethnicity? Comparison of Aka and Bantu Suspected Monkeypox Cases
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. , Doshi Reena H. , Reynolds Mary G. , Dzabatou-Babeaux Angelie , Ndakala Nestor , Moses Cynthia , McCollum Andrea M. , Petersen Brett W.
Published: November 2019

In 2017, a monkeypox outbreak occurred in Likouala Department, Republic of the Congo. Many of the affected individuals were of Aka ethnicity, hunter-gatherers indigenous to Central Africa who have worse health outcomes in comparison with other forest-dwelling peoples. To test the hypothesis that Aka people have different risk factors for monkeypox, we analyzed questionnaire data for 39 suspected cases, comparing Aka and Bantu groups. Aka people were more likely to touch animal urine/feces, find dead animals in/around the home, eat an animal that was found dead, or to have been scratched or bitten by an animal (P < 0.05, all variables). They were also more likely to visit the forest ≥ once/week, sleep outside, or sleep on the ground (P < 0.001, all variables), providing opportunities for contact with monkeypox reservoirs during the night. The Aka and possibly other vulnerable groups may warrant special attention during educational and health promotion programs.
Operational Coverage and Timeliness of Reactive Case Detection for Malaria Elimination in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: van der Horst Tina , Al-mafazy Abdul-wahid , Fakih Bakar Shariff , Stuck Logan , Ali Abdullah , Yukich Joshua , Hetzel Manuel W.
Published: November 2019

Since 2012, the Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Program has been implementing reactive case detection (RACD). Health facility (HF) staff send individual malaria case notifications by using mobile phones, triggering a review of HF records and malaria testing and treatment at the household level by a district malaria surveillance officer. We assessed the completeness and timeliness of this system, from case notification to household-level response. We reviewed two years (2015–2016) of primary register information in 40 randomly selected HFs on Zanzibar’s two islands Unguja and Pemba and database records of case notifications from all registered HFs for the period 2013–16. The operational coverage of the system was calculated as proportion of HF-registered cases that were successfully reviewed and followed up at their household. Timeliness was defined as completion of each step within 1 day. Public HFs notified almost all registered cases (91% in Unguja and 87% in Pemba), and 74% of cases registered at public HFs were successfully followed up at their household in Unguja and 79% in Pemba. Timely operational coverage (defined as each step, diagnosis to notification, notification to review, and review to household-level response, completed within 1 day) was achieved for only 25% of registered cases in Unguja and 30% in Pemba. Records and data from private HFs on Unguja indicated poor notification performance in the private sector. Although the RACD system in Zanzibar achieved high operational coverage, timeliness was suboptimal. Patients diagnosed with malaria at private HFs and hospitals appeared to be largely missed by the RACD system.
Recognizability, Perception and the Distribution of the Sensible: Rancière, Honneth and Butler
Authors: Petherbridge Danielle
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the relation between perception, invizibilization and recognizability in the work of Rancière, Honneth and Butler. Recognizability is the term employed here to indicate the perceptual process that necessarily occurs prior to a normative or ethical act of recognition and that provides the conditions that make recognition possible. The notion of recognizability points to the fact that perception is not merely a disinterested surveying of the perceptual field but indicates that it is already evaluative in the sense that others are immediately distinguishable from other objects. When a failure of recognizability occurs, it is not due to the fact that the other has not been seen in a literal sense but instead that she has been intentionally ignored or invisibilized. The suggestion made here is that despite their different approaches, a comparison and dialogue between these three thinkers highlights the importance of this constellation of issues for critical theory.
Off Scaffolding and into the Deep End
Authors: Marsellas Nick
Published: November 2019

The practice of multicultural scaffolding, offering more information about an author’s marginalized identity, is frequently offered as the solution to challenging social justice discussions in the classroom. However, this type of scaffolding presupposes that intricate knowledge of another person's subjectivity is required for ethical classroom behavior. I argue, instead, that students are able to handle difficult topics with care if we train them to better work with the unintelligibility of others’ experiences. In an effort to reorient my classroom towards this engagement with unintelligibility, I have developed a framework called deep-end teaching, which encourages students to engage sensitive topics with a delicate balance of confidence and humility.
Three Poems by MEH
Authors: H M E
Published: November 2019

Three Poems by MEH: “blackface party,” “when asked why 'all lives' don’t matter,” & “muscle memory"
Anti-Oppressive Composition Pedagogies
Authors: Havard Julia , Cardwell Erica , Rao Anandi
Published: November 2019

The project of creating an anti-oppressive composition issue began with multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional collaboration between Julia Havard, Erica Cardwell, Anandi Rao, Juliet Kunkle and Rosalind Diaz, who crafted a call for community-building and community-transformation: to build tools, resources, and spaces for transforming our classrooms, specifically our writing classrooms; and to approach the teaching of composition in community, with accountability, and with urgency. This collaboration started as a working group at the University of California Berkeley, Radical Decolonial Queer Pedagogies of Composition, as a number of instructors at multiple levels of the academic heirarchy struggled with the differences between our writing classrooms and our research. Following Condon and Young (2016), Inoe (2015), and Gumbs (2012), our editing team wanted to create a context and process for rich unraveling of  un-teaching oppressive systems through composition.
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Cardwell Erica
Published: November 2019

Contributors' Notes for Issue 115.
Sobre la función de las emociones en animales no racionales: explicaciones aristotélicas sin Aristóteles
Authors: Rossi Gabriela
Published: November 2019

El artículo propone poner a prueba la idea comúnmente admitida de que en la concepción aristotélica las emociones tienen una función o fin en el ámbito biológico. Me propongo probar que esta concepción sería más propia de otras posturas, como la tomista y la cartesiana, y especialmente de la darwiniana y neo-darwiniana. Tras presentar en la sección 2 el tipo de explicaciones teleológicas que Aristóteles admite y emplea en biología, analizo en la parte 3 la concepción de las emociones de Descartes y en especial de Darwin y muestro que ellas se adaptan bien al modelo explicativo teleológico aristotélico. En la sección 4, ofrezco varios argumentos con apoyo en los textos biológicos de Aristóteles para mostrar que, en cambio, este tipo de explicaciones teleológicas de las emociones no aparecen con claridad en los escritos biológicos del estagirita, toda vez que lo que encontramos allí es, más bien, explicaciones fisiológico materialistas del carácter de los animales. Por último, sugiero una asimetría con el tratamiento de las emociones desde el punto de vista de la racionalidad práctica que desarrollaré en trabajos ulteriores.
La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta
Authors: Ocampo Fernanda
Published: November 2019

El texto aristotélico Metafísica IV, 2, y sus interpretaciones por parte de los filósofos musulmanes, Avicena y Averroes, constituyen el marco teórico en el que se han elaborado las doctrinas acerca de los trascendentales, de varios autores latinos de la segunda mitad del siglo XIII de la Universidad de París, que se han posicionado en torno a la cuestión de la ‘distinción real’ entre el esse y la essentia. Según esto, nuestro trabajo busca trazar la dependencia de la doctrina general de los trascendentales de Dietrich, respecto de las tesis establecidas por Aristóteles en dicho texto, y en particular, respecto de la lectura averroísta – crítica de la de Avicena –, que “ha hecho escuela” en el medio parisino, especialmente entre los maestros y estudiantes de la Facultad de Artes, pero incluso también primero en Tomás de Aquino. Así, a la luz de este entramado de lecturas e interpretaciones, buscaremos delimitar los rasgos centrales de la concepción teodoriciana de los communia, señalando las posibles discrepancias o coincidencias respecto de las doctrinas de estos autores precedentes.
Human Capital and Theory of Planned Behavior: Unraveling Entrepreneurial Intentions of IT Students in Pakistan
Authors: Munir Hina , Jianfeng Cai , Miao Wang , Ramzan Sidra
Published: November 2019

Human capital variables (such as practical learning, education and experience) affect cognitive decision making abilities of individuals which permit them to identify entrepreneurial opportunities. Therefore, this study aims to establish an integrated model considering the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and human capital variables considering Pakistan as a sample, especially targeting IT major students. Data for the study were collected from 227 IT major students from seven universities from different provinces of Pakistan. Principal component analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis are used for data analysis. The findings of the study confirm the validity of TPB model in predicting entrepreneurial intentions among IT major students. This study further confirms the effect of human capital variables within TPB framework and demonstrates that prior entrepreneurial exposure (PEE) and prior familial exposure (PFE) have an impact on attitude towards entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the relationship of PEE and PFE in predicting entrepreneurial intentions was found insignificant and significant respectively. This is one of the first studies which explore entrepreneurial intentions among IT major students regarding a developing country. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights to practitioners and educators in Pakistan for consideration of human capital variables’ influence on entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial intentions among IT major students.
Depresión en estudiantes becados internos de la Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN-Managua, II semestre 2017”
Authors: Balladares Muñoz María José , Chávez Reyes Zabdy Magdiel
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo nace a partir de los resultados del estudio monográfico para optar al grado de Licenciatura en Psicología, que lleva por título “Factores Sociodemográficos y Depresión en estudiantes becados internos de la Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN-Managua, II semestre 2017”, el cual tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores sociodemográficos y la depresión en estudiantes internos de la Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua UNAN-MANAGUA, II semestre 2017. En el presente, se plasma la cantidad de jóvenes con un Estado de ánimo depresivo y sus principales características sociodemográficas, tal información fue obtenida por medio del instrumento psicométrico “Inventario de Depresión de Beck” y una ficha de caracterización sociodemográfica, los cuales fueron aplicados a los estudiantes becados internos de la Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería. Este trabajo está conformado con una muestra de 56 personas que presentan algún nivel de Depresión, esto conforme a los resultados obtenidos del instrumento antes mencionado. En relación a los niveles de depresión experimentados por los estudiantes internos se concluyó que el 48.7% de los participantes presentaron un estado de ánimo Depresivo, de los cuales el 51.8% presenta una Leve Perturbación Del Estado De Ánimo y el 1.8% un nivel de depresión moderada; en cuanto a las características sociodemográficas, se destaca que las mujeres tienen más prevalencia en la manifestación de los estados depresivos, y el rango de edad de estos estudiantes oscila entre los 19 a 21 años, además, se destaca que la mitad de los participantes son solteros y sin hijos, en su mayoría trabajan.
Exilio y fracaso en Las batallas perdidas de Marco Antonio Flores
Authors: Contreras Ana Yolanda
Published: November 2019

En su novela Las batallas perdidas, el autor guatemalteco Marco Antonio Flores (1937-2013) continua su peculiar marca novelística concerniente al uso del lenguaje irreverente y los temas de decepción y fracaso. En esta novela el exilio y el fracaso se representan a través de la intimidad psicológica de los personajes principales, y de su vida marcada por obstáculos que les impiden realizar sus sueños utópicos. Este ensayo explora el exilio de los tres personajes principales, y analiza los fracasos predichos o llevados inconscientemente a cabo por ellos mismos. El análisis cubre diversas etapas vivenciales, desde la niñez abandonada hasta la madurez de los personajes, y se basa en la teoría desarrollada por Sigmund Freud sobre la melancolía, y en los planteamientos teóricos sobre el exilio de Edward Said.
Electronic Appraisal Methodology for Right-of-Way Acquisition in Highway Projects
Authors: Caldas Carlos H. , Zhang Zhanmin , Al Halabi Ragheb , Kincaid Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

When right-of-way is acquired for highway projects, state departments of transportation (DOTs) must ensure property owners receive a fair market value for their land by delivering high-quality appraisals. Despite recent technological advances, the highly complicated appraisal process often results in similar properties being assessed differently. Several DOTs sponsored a study to develop an electronic appraisal method to improve the appraisal process and to reduce the likelihood of inconsistent appraisal values by capturing, transmitting, storing, managing, and analyzing the appraisal data. The proposed method’s framework is discussed and a prototype of the system has been developed to demonstrate its features.
Electrified Vehicle Technology Trends, Infrastructure Implications, and Cost Comparisons
Authors: Tuttle David P. , Kockelman Kara M.
Published: November 2019

Alternatives to petroleum-based fuels for transportation are sought to address concerns over climate change and energy security. Key semiconductor, software, and battery technologies have sufficiently progressed over the past few decades to enable a mass-market-viable plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) alternative. In this paper, the various PEV architectures are described, including market availability, technologies and trends, practical ranges, battery replacement and power costs, implications for grid operations, and other developments. Manufacturers’ recently announced prices and EPA standardized test data are used (where available) to increase the accuracy of cost comparisons for competing vehicles. Results indicate that in relatively low fuel-cost regions, like the U.S., PEVs enjoy a positive discounted net present value, thanks to tax credits and assuming that the original battery does not need replacement by the owner. Even without the tax credits, PEVs offer financial payback for those residing in higher fuel-cost regions, as long as their batteries last the vehicle’s lifetime or are replaced by manufacturers (under warranty).
A Preliminary Investigation of Private Railcars in North America
Authors: Corsi Thomas M. , Casavant Ken , Graciano Tim A.
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes the economic conditions of a dramatic change in railcar ownership over the last 10 years. Private railcar ownership has increased to the point where they now carry 54% of ton-miles and 56% of tonnage for all railroads. Despite the increasing reliance on private railcars, returns to railcar ownership are decreasing, with current rates of return falling below those necessary to fund future investment. The problem is further exacerbated by shifting costs from railroad to shipper. A large drop in private investment could pose a serious threat to the railroad industry, shippers, and the economy as a whole.
Comparison of Alternative Methods for Estimating Household Trip Rates of Cross-Classification Cells with Inadequate Data
Authors: Mwakalounge Judith L. , Badoe Daniel A.
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the forecast performance of a traditional cross-classification model and alternative models that seek to address the shortcomings of traditional cross-classification analysis, specifically when it has cells with inadequate data. The study uses five cross-sectional datasets collected in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1965, 1981, 1990, 1996, and 2000. Alternative models, estimated with travel data collected in the base year, were assessed for their ability to replicate the number of trips made by households in each cell of a cross-classification matrix and at the traffic zone level, respectively, in each of the five years. The results showed that the traditional crossclassification analysis (CCA) model, notwithstanding having a few unreliable cells provided more consistent predictions of travel than any of the alternative methods. They also show that it is better to synthesize trip rates for only those cells of the cross-classification matrix with inadequate data rather than to adjust the entire trip-rate matrix as is currently the practice.
High Occupancy Toll Lane Performance Under Alternative Pricing Policies
Authors: Light Thomas
Published: November 2019

This paper explores how alternative pricing and operating policies influence revenue generation, level of service, and travel time costs for high occupancy toll (HOT) lane facilities. A framework for modeling HOT lanes is applied to a hypothetical facility. The analysis suggests that the way in which tolls are set can have a non-trivial influence on competing measures of HOT lane performance. Other operating characteristics, such as the number of lanes designated as free and priced and whether carpools are allowed to ride free or must pay a toll to access the HOT lanes, are shown to significantly influence performance as well.
A Comprehensive Rail Rate Index for Grain
Authors: Sparger Adam , Prater Marvin
Published: November 2019

There are several annual rail rate indices commonly used to depict changes in the prices paid for rail service. While accurate for general analyses, each of these indices falls short in capturing the three major components of total railroad grain rates – tariff rates, fuel surcharges, and secondary railcar market costs. Grain is a rail commodity whereby bids in the secondary railcar market can affect whether the actual rate paid by shippers is above or below the published tariff rate. The seasonality of rates inherent in grain transportation is captured through the secondary market but is neither contained in other grain rail rate indices nor apparent in annualized data. In addition, most grain rate indices do not include fuel surcharges, which have become a major component of the total rate paid for any rail commodity movement. In this paper, we develop new rail rate indices for unit trains and shuttle trains and compare them against a rail cost index. The new indices are an improvement upon past grain rail rate indices by including information from the secondary rail market, fuel surcharges, and tariff rates into a weekly index between the years 1997 and 2011. The improved indices show a higher level of detail when compared to other annualized indices, allowing for a more thorough analysis of grain rates. These indices show grain rail rates generally higher than do other indices with a notable departure from rail costs at the beginning of the economic recession in 2009. A comparison of the rail indices with rail costs calls into question whether earlier conclusions about rail market power still hold.