bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kepuasan Masyarakat Atas Pelayanan Pembayaran Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor 5 Tahunan Di Samsat Jombang
Authors: Bahari Adam , Supranoto Supranoto , Suryo Negoro Abul Haris
Published: August 2024

Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kepuasan masyarakat atas pelayanan pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor 5 tahunan di SAMSAT Jombang. Menurut Kotler dan Keller (2009:144) semakin tinggi kualitas produk dan jasa maka semakin tinggi tingkat kepuasan masyarakat terhadap suatu pelayanan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode asosiatif. Populasi bersifat infinite dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik insidental dengan sampel 96 respoden. Uji kualitas data menggunakan uji validitas dengan metode product moment dan uji reliabilitas dengan metode cronbach’s alpha. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data korelasi rank spearman dan uji signifikansi t-tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat dalam pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor 5 tahunan di SAMSAT Jombang.
Digital Resources Construction and Education Research for the Course of Material Research and Testing Methods
Authors: Fang De , Gao Xu , Zhou Han , Gu Ziqi , Li Shiyang , Lv Caihong , Ao Hailing
Published: August 2024

The course of Materials Research and Testing Methods aims to help students master the
skills of testing and analyzing the composition, structure, property and performance of materials. To
improve the teaching quality of this course and help the students understand well about the content,
we introduced the distinctive teaching methods such as applying case teaching, developing virtual
simulation software and database of cutting-edge instruments, carrying out instrument training,
building platform of instrument popularization and national first-class course, guiding research
projects and scientific competitions. Therefore, the course has its own distinctive materials that are
collected to build the digital resources. How the teaching quality of this course improved by these
methods will also be discussed. Furthermore, the construction of the digital resources can help
students realize the new learning mode of learning at any time, flexible learning and long-term
learning, broadening the channels and ways for students to study the course.
Analisis Keaktifan Siswa pada Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah (OSIS) dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Mataram
Authors: Faqih Muhammad , Suhardi Muhammad , Hakim Lukman , Ramadani Deanti Triana
Published: August 2024

This study aims to find out: 1) a description of student activity in the Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) at SMP Negeri 3 Mataram, 2) a description of student achievement at SMP Negeri 3 Mataram, 3) the effect of activeness on the Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) on student achievement at SMP Negeri 3 Mataram. The research approach used is quantitative, with a sample of 69 students who are members of the Student Council. Data collection was carried out using documentation and questionnaire techniques. The collected research data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and simple regression, to test the research hypothesis. The results of the analysis show: 1) Based on the results of the correlation test, the value of r-count (0.036) > r-table (0.001) is obtained, which means that there is an insignificant relationship with a moderate level between the variables of student activity and learning achievement; 2) The resulting regression equation Y = 82.046 + 0.258 (X); 3) The effect of student activeness (X) on learning achievement (Y) is an insignificant effect, based on t-test = 0.297 with a significance level of 0.768; 4) The results of the Simultaneous Test (F Test) show the value of F-count = 0.088 with a significant level of 0.768 which means that the prediction of student learning outcomes using student activity is not an accurate prediction; and 5) Based on the test of the coefficient of determination, the value of R = 0.036 can be interpreted that there is a large influence of student activeness on learning achievement which is 3.6%.
Impacto do Glaucoma na Saúde Mental e Bem-Estar dos Pacientes Geriátricos: Uma Análise Abrangente
Authors: Godoi Torres Juliana , Alves Pereira Peixoto Alceu , Magalhães Xerez Silva Amanda , Tajra Assunção Anna Joyce , De Melo Pinheiro Bruno , Ramos Bruno Rafael , Baquieti Carminate Camila , Florentino Ribeiro Camila , Falcão Lopes Mourão Carolina , Montenegro Castro Damasceno Carolina , Holanda Guerra Denis Kleber , Melo Brasil Danielly , Alves Patriota Eliza , Rodrigues Oliveira Emilly Louise , Perinazzo da Rosa Felipe , Guerra de Jesus Ingrid , Ortiz Amatti Isabela , Batista Mangueira Jessica , Evangelista Pezzin João Paulo , Lopes Bacelar Kaique , Dias da Cunha Liana Andreza , Miniello Maria Tereza , Da Silva Moraes Renata , Lima Machado Reynald , Fernandes Filho Sérgio Luiz
Published: August 2024

O glaucoma é uma das principais causas de cegueira entre idosos e impacta significativamente a saúde mental e o bem-estar dessa população. Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar as evidências disponíveis sobre os efeitos do glaucoma na saúde mental e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes geriátricos. A revisão integrativa incluiu estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2024, abordando aspectos psicológicos, impacto financeiro, suporte social e barreiras ao acesso aos cuidados de saúde ocular. Os resultados mostram uma alta prevalência de depressão e ansiedade entre os pacientes, destacando a necessidade de suporte psicológico e programas de reabilitação visual. Além disso, os custos elevados do tratamento representam uma carga financeira significativa, exacerbando o estresse dos pacientes. A falta de acesso a cuidados especializados em áreas rurais e de baixa renda impede o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado. Conclui-se que uma abordagem holística, que integra suporte psicológico, programas de reabilitação visual, políticas de apoio financeiro e iniciativas educacionais, é essencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar dos pacientes geriátricos com glaucoma. Estudos futuros devem focar em estratégias de cuidado integrado e na exploração das disparidades no acesso aos cuidados.
Discrimination professionnelle, croyance en un monde juste et désengagement vis-à-vis du travail
Authors: Gangloff Bernard , Fares Rabie
Published: August 2024

Cette recherche examine l’impact d’une privation relative sur la croyance en un monde juste et sur le désengagement vis-à-vis du travail. Deux études ont été menées, dans chacune desquelles deux groupes de Français d’origine maghrébine ont été confrontés à une situation dans laquelle ils devaient se mettre à la place d’un Français d’origine maghrébine indiquant avoir déjà été victime de discrimination vs déclarant n’en avoir jamais subi. Dans la première étude, ce Français essuyait un refus de promotion au profit d’un Français de souche (privation intergroupale) alors que dans la seconde c’était au profit d’un autre Français d’origine maghrébine (privation intragroupale). Les participants répondaient alors à un questionnaire de croyance en un monde juste et de désengagement vis-à-vis du travail. Il est constaté que dans la situation intergroupale, les participant(e)s de la condition « Négation de discrimination » et ceux de la condition « Reconnaissance de discrimination » ne se différencient sur aucune des deux variables dépendantes. En revanche, dans la situation intragroupale, les participants placés dans la condition « Négation de discrimination » croient davantage en un monde juste et dévaluent plus le travail que ceux de la condition « Reconnaissance de discrimination ». De plus, la croyance en un monde juste (VM) semble médiatiser la relation entre le type d’attribution (VI) et la dévaluation du travail (VD). Ces résultats sont confrontés à ceux de la littérature et discutés sur le plan de leurs implications.
Optimization of process variables for the preparation of oat milk using the Box–Behnken response surface model and studying the effect of enzyme hydrolysis on structural and thermal properties of oat starch
Authors: Bhokarikar Sanika , Gurumoorthi P. , Athmaselvi K. A. , Pushpadhas Heartwin A.
Published: August 2024

Lactose intolerance and the growing number of vegan and plant-based lifestyles are the main causes of the growing popularity of dairy substitutes, including sesame, soy, almond, coconut, cashew, oat, and peanut milk. Oat milk, a popular alternative, is created by blending oats with water. Many individuals highly favor this plant-based beverage due to its milk-like taste and its provision of essential nutrients. An oat milk substitute has been developed through the enzymatic hydrolysis process utilizing alpha-amylase. The Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the combined impact of the enzyme concentration (2–10% v/w), oat slurry concentration (10–15% w/w), and liquefaction time (15–45 mins). The optimization of process parameters was conducted by considering many criteria including yield %, viscosity, total soluble solids, total solids, zeta-potential, and particle size. The optimized oat milk is also compared to traditionally prepared raw oat milk to analyze the structural and thermal alterations in starch following enzymatic treatment. An investigation was conducted to examine the disparities in the subjects’ structural characteristics, physicochemical attributes, and thermal properties. The XRD, DSC, and FTIR analyses revealed that the oat milk exhibited significantly higher relative crystallinity, and a more organized and stable double-helix structure, compared to the untreated raw oat milk.
Progress in protein pre-training models integrating structural knowledge
Authors: Tang Tian-Yi , Xiong Yi-Ming , Zhang Rui-Ge , Zhang Jian , Li Wen-Fei , Wang Jun , Wang Wei ,   School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China,   Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: August 2024

The AI revolution, sparked by natural language and image processing, has brought new ideas and research paradigms to the field of protein computing. One significant advancement is the development of pre-training protein language models through self-supervised learning from massive protein sequences. These pre-trained models encode various information about protein sequences, evolution, structures, and even functions, which can be easily transferred to various downstream tasks and demonstrate robust generalization capabilities. Recently, researchers have further developed multimodal pre-trained models that integrate more diverse types of data. The recent studies in this direction are summarized and reviewed from the following aspects in this paper. Firstly, the protein pre-training models that integrate protein structures into language models are reviewed: this is particularly important, for protein structure is the primary determinant of its function. Secondly, the pre-trained models that integrate protein dynamic information are introduced. These models may benefit downstream tasks such as protein-protein interactions, soft docking of ligands, and interactions involving allosteric proteins and intrinsic disordered proteins. Thirdly, the pre-trained models that integrate knowledge such as gene ontology are described. Fourthly, we briefly introduce pre-trained models in RNA fields. Finally, we introduce the most recent developments in protein designs and discuss the relationship of these models with the aforementioned pre-trained models that integrate protein structure information.
The transcriptional landscape underlying larval development and metamorphosis in the Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)
Authors: Huerlimann Roger , Roux Natacha , Maeda Ken , Pilieva Polina , Miura Saori , Chen Hsiao-chian , Izumiyama Michael , Laudet Vincent , Ravasi Timothy
Published: August 2024

Most teleost fishes exhibit a biphasic life history with a larval oceanic phase that is transformed into morphologically and physiologically different demersal, benthic, or pelagic juveniles. This process of transformation is characterized by a myriad of hormone-induced changes, during the often abrupt transition between larval and juvenile phases called metamorphosis. Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to be instrumental in triggering and coordinating this transformation but other hormonal systems such as corticoids, might be also involved as it is the case in amphibians. In order to investigate the potential involvement of these two hormonal pathways in marine fish post-embryonic development, we used the Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) as a model system. We assembled a chromosome-scale genome sequence and conducted a transcriptomic analysis of nine larval developmental stages. We studied the expression patterns of genes involved in TH and corticoid pathways, as well as four biological processes known to be regulated by TH in other teleost species: ossification, pigmentation, visual perception, and metabolism. Surprisingly, we observed an activation of many of the same pathways involved in metamorphosis also at an early stage of the larval development, suggesting an additional implication of these pathways in the formation of early larval features. Overall, our data brings new evidence to the controversial interplay between corticoids and thyroid hormones during metamorphosis as well as, surprisingly, during the early larval development. Further experiments will be needed to investigate the precise role of both pathways during these two distinct periods and whether an early activation of both corticoid and TH pathways occurs in other teleost species.
The role of lncRNAs related ceRNA regulatory network in multiple hippocampal pathological processes during the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Zhou Bowen , Zheng Yuxiang , Suo Zizheng , Zhang Mingzhu , Xu Wenjie , Wang Lijuan , Ge Dazhuang , Qu Yinyin , Wang Qiang , Zheng Hui , Ni Cheng
Published: August 2024

Background

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities during perioperative period, which are a great challenge for elderly patients and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate mitochondrial function and aging-related pathologies in the aged hippocampus after anesthesia, and lncRNAs are associated with multiple neurodegenerations. However, the regulatory role of lncRNAs in PND-related pathological processes remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 18-month mice were assigned to control and surgery (PND) groups, mice in PND group received sevoflurane anesthesia and laparotomy. Cognitive function was assessed with fear conditioning test. Hippocampal RNAs were isolated for sequencing, lncRNA and microRNA libraries were constructed, mRNAs were identified, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed, and lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA networks were established. qPCR was performed for gene expression verification.

Results

A total of 312 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 340 DE-Transcripts of Uncertain Coding Potential (TUCPs), and 2,003 DEmRNAs were identified in the hippocampus between groups. The lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed with 29 DElncRNAs, 90 microRNAs, 493 DEmRNAs, 148 lncRNA-microRNA interaction pairs, 794 microRNA-mRNA interaction pairs, and 110 lncRNA-mRNA co-expression pairs. 795 GO terms were obtained. Based on the frequencies of involved pathological processes, BP terms were divided into eight categories: neurological system alternation, neuronal development, metabolism alternation, immunity and neuroinflammation, apoptosis and autophagy, cellular communication, molecular modification, and behavior changes. LncRNA-microRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks in these pathological categories were constructed, and involved pathways and targeted genes were revealed. The top relevant lncRNAs in these ceRNA networks included RP23-65G6.4, RP24-396L14.1, RP23-251I16.2, XLOC_113622, RP24-496E14.1, etc., and the top relevant mRNAs in these ceRNA networks included Dlg4 (synaptic function), Avp (lipophagy), Islr2 (synaptic function), Hcrt (regulation of awake behavior), Tnc (neurotransmitter uptake).

Conclusion

In summary, we have constructed the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network during PND development in mice, explored the role of lncRNAs in multiple pathological processes in the mouse hippocampus, and provided insights into the potential mechanisms and therapeutic gene targets for PND.
Truck Dumper Control System with Safety Unit Using Real-Time Deep Learning
Authors: Kerdprasop Nittaya , Worrakantapon Apirak , Chuaybamroong Paradee , Kerdprasop Kittisak
Published: August 2024

Presently, industrial factories have moved toward the era of intelligent automation systems, especially, animal feed industries. They contained several automation machines such as a mixer, pellet mill, and truck dumper. The truck dumper has been used to lift the whole truck and dump the raw material into an intake hopper. However, during its process, neighbor areas are identified as a risk area. Thus, if there is a person standing on the truck dumper platform at the time, this may cause fatal injury or death. In this study, a new proposal to develop a model of automatic human detection using a convolutional neural network that learns and recognizes the important characteristics of the target objects has been introduced. The objective of the study was to develop a system of human detection and risk-level identification in the truck dumper control system to prevent accidents. Herein, several experiments have been conducted in order to select the effective and optimal object detection architecture to apply to the truck dumper control system. In the results, the YOLOv4 model outperformed the Faster Region-Convolution Neural Network (R-CNN) model in both precision and processing speed. The average precision was 99.93% on a day-time dataset and 94.25% on a night-time dataset. The overall accuracy of risk identification was 94.18%. An average processing speed was 31.96 frames per second.
Short and long term impacts of demand response
Authors:   , Herrera Lombera Octavio Andoni
Published: August 2024

Debido al gran crecimiento de energías renovables variables y a los objetivos impuestos por múltiples países del mundo para descarbonizar los sistemas eléctricos ha surgido una necesidad creciente de incorporar recursos flexibles del lado de la demanda para hacer frente a las intermitencias y contingencias de la generación que son cada vez más frecuentes. Sin embargo, todavía existe una gran incertidumbre sobre como evaluar la contribución de los recursos de gestión de demanda en los distintos mercados y mecanismos de energía, servicios complementarios y capacidad. Es por esto que esta tesis implementa y diseña varios esquemas de gestión de demanda, entre ellos el actual esquema de control de punta utilizado en varios países para mantener la demanda máxima bajo control. También se proponen tres esquemas adicionales, dos similares al esquema de control de punta, pero con una reducción de las horas de control anuales, y un tercero basado en la respuesta a la demanda y el desplazamiento de carga, también se estudian dos esquemas ideales de demanda plana con horizontes de gestión diarios y semanales. Se cuantifican los impactos sobre las emisiones y la productividad causados por los esquemas de gestión de demanda, así como su valor de capacidad mediante cálculos de íındices de fiabilidad utilizando simulaciones secuenciales de Monte Carlo y el Effective Load Carrying Capacity. Los resultados muestran que la suficiencia del sistema mejora considerablemente cuando se opera bajo diferentes esquemas de gestión de la demanda, consiguiendo reducciones en las emisiones del sistema y aumentos en la suficiencia global del mismo al incorporar la flexibilidad que la demanda puede aportar cuando se necesita. De este modo, se contribuye al debate sobre la integración de los recursos flexibles de la demanda en los mercados energéticos, en particular los mecanismos de capacidad, proporcionando observaciones útiles a los encargados de elaborar políticas energéticas.
The Effect of Adding Em4 to Moist Pellets on the Growth and Survival of Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii)
Authors: Bahtiar Syafira Anjani , Junaidi Muhammad , Diniarti Nanda
Published: August 2024

Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is a species that is still relatively new to be cultivated in Indonesia but has great potential to be developed because it has high nutritional content. However, in cultivation activities, expensive feed and low dietary quality are obstacles that cultivators often complain about. The solution to high feed prices is that additional ingredients (addictive feed) are needed that can increase the growth and survival of fish, there by reducing production costs and providing alternative feed other than just trash fish. Additional ingredients known on the market are Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4) probiotics. So this research aims to analyze further the effect of adding the probiotic Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4) at different doses on growth, feed efficiency levels, and survival of Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) seeds. Based on the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the addition of EM4 to moist pellets has an influence on the absolute length growth of the Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) which is the best in the 80% treatment (P4) which is not significantly different from the 70% treatment (P3), however substantially different from the Control (P0), 50% (P1), and 60% (P2) treatments. Based on the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the addition of EM4 to moist pellets has an influence on the growth in absolute length, absolute weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, FCR and feed efficiency of the best Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii), namely at 80% treatment.
Effectiveness of Urea Fertilizer with Different Concentrations on T. chuii Culture on Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Isnaini Nia , Zahidah  , Herawati Heti
Published: August 2024

T. chuii is a species of phytoplankton that has a high nutritional content, namely 70,287% protein, 0,795% lipid and 2.180% carbohydrate. The objective of this study was to determine the best concentration of urea fertilizer on the density of T. chuii cells on a laboratory scale. The research method used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments in this study consisted of treatment A, namely KW21 fertilizer 1 ml/L (control), treatments B, C and D using Urea fertilizer 30 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 60 mg/L with a concentration of ZA 40 mg/L and TSP 5 mg/L. the observations were conducted for 24 hours. Parameters observed included population density of T. chuii, growth rate, generation time and air quality. The findings of the study showed that treatment D gave the best results with a population density of 232,75 x 104 cells/ml, a growth rate of 0.31 cells/ml/day and the fastest generation time of 15,41 hours.
Assessing High-yielding Variety Anand Komal for Dual-season Cultivation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Middle Gujarat Agro Climatic Condition
Authors: Pandya M. M. , Acharya R. R. , Patel N. A. , Kathiria K. B. , Bhanvadia A. S. , Gohil D. P. , Patel J. N. , Joshi V. I.
Published: August 2024

India is the top country by the okra production in the world. Due to the principal significance of maximizing agricultural benefits for farmers in the existing context of Gujarat, there was a compelling need for the development of a high-yielding dual-season variety of okra. The genotype has been specifically developed for cultivation during the summer and kharif seasons in the central region of Gujarat. Systematic testing was conducted in Preliminary Evaluation Trial II (PET II) from 2016 onwards, spanning various trials across diverse locations within the state from 2017 to 2020, encompassing both kharif and summer seasons. As a result of its commendable performance, the genotype designated as Anand Komal was developed for consideration and endorsement under the specific agro-climatic conditions prevalent in central Gujarat. The new variety excels in middle Gujarat, yielding 125.00 q/ha, surpassing GAO 5, GO 6, and Pusa Sawani by 21.49, 44.82, and 42.05% during kharif and summer. It features dark green, tender fruits with strong leaf serration and deep lobbing, tall stature, more nodes, and short internodes. It contains higher phenol (0.13%), soluble sugars (2.50%), and chlorophyll (0.55 mg/g) and shows lower susceptibility to major diseases and pests. ISSR marker "ISSR-25" delineated distinct genetic profiles among the okra samples, particularly highlighting the genetic uniqueness of variety AOL-16-01. This variety presents a promising option for middle Gujarat, offering improved yields and enhanced resilience to agricultural challenges.
Caffeine, Nicotine and Mdma Effects on the Brain Hippocampal Formation of Juvenile Experiential Models
Authors: Adelakin Lola Adeola , Fabiyi Oluseyi Sunday , Ogunbiyi Olubunmi Esther , Konyeme Isioma , Owolabi Joshua Oladele
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Chronic exposure of MDMA in humans has been shown to produce negative neuroplastic alterations to the brain's white matter and microvasculature, as well as significant neurodegeneration in the striatal, hippocampal, prefrontal, and occipital serotonergic axon terminals. Adolescent exposure to nicotine damages hippocampus cells, and as a result, damages memory retention. Caffeine suppresses the actions of adenosine which is crucial for energy transfer and sleep promotion as long as it enters the brain, as it crosses the crosses the blood-brain barrier. The hippocampus is critical for the formation of new autobiographical and fact memories, hence, severe damage to the hippocampi in both hemispheres result in profound difficulties in forming new memories. This also affects the memory formed before the damage, resulting in anterograde and retrograde amnesia, respectively. This study compared the effect of Nicotine, MDMA and Caffeine on the hippocampus and memory of juvenile male Wister rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifty (n=50) juvenile male Wistar rats (120g) were randomly distributed into 7 groups labeled A-G. Group A served as Control, Group B was administered 30mg/kg Caffeine, Group C was administered 50mg/kg Caffeine, Group D was administered 10mg/kg Nicotine, Group E was administered 20mg/kg Nicotine, Group F was administered 30mg/kg MDMA and Group G was administered 40mg/kg MDMA, for a period of 30 days. Rats were sacrificed after the experiment and their brains were harvested. Their hippocampi were excised and processed for histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical observations. Neurobehavioral studies were done before sacrifice. Analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism 8.0. P-value of ≤0.05 was regarded as significant, and data was expressed as mean ± SEM.
Results: MDMA and caffeine caused neuron degeneration at low and high dose. There was no tissue disruption attributable to nicotine. Myelination was preserved generally across the treated groups, except groups F and G. There was general disruption in the dopamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters levels, except group c, and a significant increase in serotonin neurotransmitters especially, in groups D-G.
Conclusion: Caffeine, nicotine and MDMA induced neuronal disruptions of varying degrees in the hippocampus of the brain, and as such caused deleterious effects in the long/short-term memories, as evidenced in the behavioral analyses. The damage was dose dependent.
Comparative Nutritional Benefits of Kodo and Little Millets against other Cereals and their Role in Dairy Production
Authors: Srivastava Kajal , Vijayakumar P.
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the nutritional benefits of Kodo and Little millet compared to other cereals and explore their applications in the dairy sector.
Millets are grass crops that have gained importance due to their excellent nutritional profile as well as their adaptability to climate change. Millets, including Kodo and Little millet, are increasingly recognized for their exceptional nutritional profiles and resilience to climate challenges. Unlike conventional cereals like rice and wheat, millets thrive in extreme conditions such as drought and heat. These grains are rich in minerals, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, making them vital in combating malnutrition and managing health conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Their low glycemic index and high nutrient content also make them valuable for developing fortified dairy products. India, the largest producer of millets, has integrated these "Nutri-Cereals" into traditional diets across various states. This study compares the nutritional advantages of Kodo and Little Millet and looks at how they may improve products offered by the dairy sector. In this review, a few dairy-based goods are addressed. The dairy business has widespread customer acceptance, and adding millets can improve its nutritional profile.
Effect of Mutagens on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Quality Traits in M1V1 and M1V2 Generations of Chrysanthemum Cultivars
Authors: Gangwar Rohit , Malik Sunil , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Satendra , Gangwar L.K. , Singh Bhim
Published: August 2024

The study's goal was to evaluate genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic progress for yield and floral features in the M1V1 and M1V2 populations of chrysanthemum cultivars Pithika and Daali using a Factorial Randomized Block Design in 2022-23 and 2023-24. Cuttings were treated with gamma rays and EMS before being analyzed for genetic variation. The high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) estimated for flower yield per plant, leaf length, and single flower weight in both generations of the mutated population indicated that the genotype could be considered by the phenotype, and that selecting these characters in the early generation based on phenotypic performance would be effective. High heritability recorded for flower yield per plant whereas minimum heritability days to first bud initiation days to first flowering and stem diameter. High genetic advance over mean of per cent was recorded in flower yield per plant. Heritability might be due to effects of additive genes and consideration for the characters with combination of high heritability and high genetic advance will be more effective.
Root zone salinity and sodicity under seasonal rainfall due to feedback of decreasing hydraulic conductivity
Authors: van der Zee S. E. A. T. M. , Shah S. H. H. , Vervoort R. W.
Published: October 2014

Soil sodicity, where the soil cation exchange complex is occupied for a significant fraction by Na+, may lead to vulnerability to soil structure deterioration. With a root zone flow and salt transport model, we modeled the feedback effects of salt concentration (C) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) on saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks(C, ESP) for different groundwater depths and climates, using the functional approach of McNeal (1968). We assume that a decrease of Ks is practically irreversible at a time scale of decades. Representing climate with a Poisson rainfall process, the feedback hardly affects salt and sodium accumulation compared with the case that feedback is ignored. However, if salinity decreases, the much more buffered ESP stays at elevated values, while Ks decreases. This situation may develop if rainfall has a seasonal pattern where drought periods with accumulation of salts in the root zone alternate with wet rainfall periods in which salts are leached. Feedback that affects both drainage/leaching and capillary upward flow from groundwater, or only drainage, leads to opposing effects. If both fluxes are affected by sodicity‐induced degradation, this leads to reduced salinity (C) and sodicity (ESP), which suggests that the system dynamics and feedback oppose further degradation. Experiences in the field point in the same direction.
Total volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depths and implications for global climate change
Authors: Ridley D. A. , Solomon S. , Barnes J. E. , Burlakov V. D. , Deshler T. , Dolgii S. I. , Herber A. B. , Nagai T. , Neely R. R. , Nevzorov A. V. , Ritter C. , Sakai T. , Santer B. D. , Sato M. , Schmidt A. , Uchino O. , Vernier J. P.
Published: October 2014

Understanding the cooling effect of recent volcanoes is of particular interest in the context of the post‐2000 slowing of the rate of global warming. Satellite observations of aerosol optical depth above 15 km have demonstrated that small‐magnitude volcanic eruptions substantially perturb incoming solar radiation. Here we use lidar, Aerosol Robotic Network, and balloon‐borne observations to provide evidence that currently available satellite databases neglect substantial amounts of volcanic aerosol between the tropopause and 15 km at middle to high latitudes and therefore underestimate total radiative forcing resulting from the recent eruptions. Incorporating these estimates into a simple climate model, we determine the global volcanic aerosol forcing since 2000 to be −0.19 ± 0.09 Wm−2. This translates into an estimated global cooling of 0.05 to 0.12°C. We conclude that recent volcanic events are responsible for more post‐2000 cooling than is implied by satellite databases that neglect volcanic aerosol effects below 15 km.
Wild forest fire regime following land abandonment in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Ursino Nadia , Romano Nunzio
Published: October 2014

Land use, climate, and fire have markedly shaped Mediterranean ecosystems. While climate and land use are external forcing, wildfire is an integral component of ecosystem functioning which inevitably poses a threat to humans. With a view to gaining an insight into the mechanisms underlying fire dynamics, fire control, and prevention, we formulated a model that predicts the wildfire regime in fire‐prone Mediterranean ecoregions. The model is based on the positive feedback between forest expansion following cropland abandonment, fuel abundance, and fire. Our results demonstrate that progressive land abandonment leads to different fire dynamics in the Mediterranean forest ecosystem. Starting at a no‐fire regime when the land is almost completely cultivated, the ecosystem reaches a chaotic fire regime, passing through intermediate land development stages characterized by limit cycle fire dynamics. Wildfires are more devastating, albeit more predictable, in these intermediate stages when fire frequency is higher.
A time series of incubation experiments to examine the production and loss of CH3I in surface seawater
Authors: Shi Qiang , Marandino Christa , Petrick Gert , Quack Birgit , Wallace Douglas
Published: October 2014

In order to investigate production pathways of methyl iodide and controls on emissions from the surface ocean, a set of repeated in vitro incubation experiments were performed over an annual cycle in the context of a time series of in situ measurements in Kiel Fjord (54.3°N, 10.1°E). The incubation experiments revealed a diurnal variation of methyl iodide in samples exposed to natural light, with maxima during day time and losses during night hours. The amplitude of the daily accumulation varied seasonally and was not affected by filtration (0.2 µm), consistent with a photochemical pathway for CH3I production. The methyl iodide loss rate at nighttime correlates with the concentration accumulated during daytime suggesting a first‐order loss mechanism (R2 = 0.29, p << 0.01). Daily (24 h) net production (Pnet) was similar in magnitude between in vitro and in situ mass balances. However, the estimated gross production (Pgross) of methyl iodide ranged from −0.07 to 2.24 pmol L−1 d−1 and was up to 5 times higher in summer than Pnet calculated from the in situ study. The large excess of Pgross over Pnet in summer revealed by the incubation experiments is a consequence of large losses of CH3I by as‐yet uncharacterized processes (e.g., biological degradation or chemical pathways other than Cl− substitution).
Deposition and rainwater concentrations of trifluoroacetic acid in the United States from the use of HFO‐1234yf
Authors: Kazil J. , McKeen S. , Kim S.‐W. , Ahmadov R. , Grell G. A. , Talukdar R. K. , Ravishankara A. R.
Published: October 2014

Currently, HFC‐134a (1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane) is the most common refrigerant in automobile air conditioners. This high global warming potential substance (100 year GWP of 1370) will likely be phased out and replaced with HFO‐1234yf (2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene) that has a 100 year GWP of 4. HFO‐1234yf will be oxidized to produce trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in clouds. TFA, a mildly toxic substance with detrimental effects on some aquatic organisms at high concentrations (≥100μgL−1), would be transported by rain to the surface and enter bodies of water. We investigated the dry and wet deposition of TFA from HFO‐1234yf over the contiguous USA using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW) with interactive chemical, aerosol, and cloud processes (WRF/Chem) model. Special focus was placed on emissions from three continental USA regions with different meteorological characteristics. WRF/Chem simulated meteorology, cloud processes, gas and aqueous phase chemistry, and dry and wet deposition between May and September 2006. The model reproduced well the multimonth total sulfate wet deposition (4% bias) and its spatial variability (r = 0.86) observed by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. HFO‐1234yf emissions were obtained by assuming the number of automobile air conditioners to remain unchanged, and substituting HFO‐1234yf, mole‐per‐mole for HFC‐134a. Our estimates of current HFC‐134a emissions were in agreement with field data. Average TFA rainwater concentration was 0.89μgL−1, with peak values of 7.8μgL−1, for the May–September 2006 period over the contiguous USA. TFA rainwater concentrations over the dry western USA were often significantly higher, but wet‐deposited TFA amounts remained relatively low at such locations.
The Solar Stormwatch CME catalogue: Results from the first space weather citizen science project
Authors: Barnard L. , Scott C. , Owens M. , Lockwood M. , Tucker‐Hood K. , Thomas S. , Crothers S. , Davies J. A. , Harrison R. , Lintott C. , Simpson R. , O'Donnell J. , Smith A. M. , Waterson N. , Bamford S. , Romeo F. , Kukula M. , Owens B. , Savani N. , Wilkinson J. , Baeten E. , Poeffel L. , Harder B.
Published: October 2014

Solar Stormwatch was the first space weather citizen science project, the aim of which is to identify and track coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Heliospheric Imagers aboard the STEREO satellites. The project has now been running for approximately 4 years, with input from >16,000 citizen scientists, resulting in a data set of >38,000time‐elongation profiles of CME trajectories, observed over 18 preselected position angles. We present our method for reducing this data set into a CME catalogue. The resulting catalogue consists of 144 CMEs over the period January 2007 to February 2010, of which 110 were observed by STEREO‐A and 77 were observed by STEREO‐B. For each CME, the time‐elongation profiles generated by the citizen scientists are averaged into a consensus profile along each position angle that the event was tracked. We consider this catalogue to be unique, being at present the only citizen science‐generated CME catalogue, tracking CMEs over an elongation range of 4° out to a maximum of approximately 70°. Using single spacecraft fitting techniques, we estimate the speed, direction, solar source region, and latitudinal width of each CME. This shows that at present, the Solar Stormwatch catalogue (which covers only solar minimum years) contains almost exclusively slow CMEs, with a mean speed of approximately 350 km s−1. The full catalogue is available for public access at www.met.reading.ac.uk/~spate/solarstormwatch. This includes, for each event, the unprocessed time‐elongation profiles generated by Solar Stormwatch, the consensus time‐elongation profiles, and a set of summary plots, as well as the estimated CME properties.
Degree of corticospinal tract damage correlates with motor function after stroke
Authors: Maraka Stefania , Jiang Quan , Jafari‐Khouzani Kourosh , Li Lian , Malik Shaneela , Hamidian Hajar , Zhang Talan , Lu Mei , Soltanian‐Zadeh Hamid , Chopp Michael , Mitsias Panayiotis D.
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Direct injury to the corticospinal tract (CST) is a major factor defining motor impairment after stroke. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography allows definition of the CST. We sought to determine whether DTI‐based assessment of the degree of CST damage correlates with motor impairment at each phase of ischemic stroke.

Methods

We evaluated patients at the acute (3–7 days), subacute (30 days), and chronic (90 days) phases of ischemic stroke with DTI and clinical motor scores (upper extremity Fugl‐Myer test [UE‐FM], motor items of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [mNIHSS]). The CST was identified and virtual fiber numbers (FN) were calculated for the affected and contralateral CST. We used Spearman correlation to study the relationship of FN ratio (FNr) (affected/unaffected CST) with motor scores at each time point, and the regression model to study the association of the acute parameters with chronic motor scores.

Results

We studied 23 patients. Mean age was 66.7 (±12) years. FNr correlated with UE‐FM score in the acute (r = 0.50, P = 0.032), subacute (r = 0.57, P = 0.007), and chronic (r = 0.67, P = 0.0008) phase, and with mNIHSS in the acute (r = −0.48, P = 0.043), subacute (r = −0.58, P = 0.006), and chronic (r = −0.75, P = 0.0001) phase. The combination of acute NIHSS and FNr significantly predicted chronic UE‐FM score (r = 0.74, P = 0.0001).

Interpretation

DTI‐defined degree of CST injury correlates with motor impairment at each phase of ischemic stroke. The combination of baseline FNr and NIHSS predicts motor outcome. DTI‐derived CST assessment could become a surrogate marker of motor impairment in the design of neurorestorative clinical trials.
Using Polymer Electrolyte Gates to Set‐and‐Freeze Threshold Voltage and Local Potential in Nanowire‐based Devices and Thermoelectrics
Authors: Svensson Sofia Fahlvik , Burke Adam M. , Carrad Damon J. , Leijnse Martin , Linke Heiner , Micolich Adam P.
Published: October 2014

The strongly temperature‐dependent ionic mobility in polymer electrolytes is used to “freeze in” specific ionic charge environments around a nanowire using a local wrap‐gate geometry. This makes it possible to set both the threshold voltage for a conventional doped substrate gate and the local disorder potential at temperatures below 220 K. These are characterized in detail by combining conductance and thermovoltage measurements with modeling. The results demonstrate that local polymer electrolyte gates are compatible with nanowire thermoelectrics, where they offer the advantage of a very low thermal conductivity, and hold great potential towards setting the optimal operating point for solid‐state cooling applications.
Modular Poly(ethylene glycol) Matrices for the Controlled 3D‐Localized Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Metzger Stéphanie , Lienemann Philipp S. , Ghayor Chafik , Weber Wilfried , Martin Ivan , Weber Franz E. , Ehrbar Martin
Published: October 2014

The in vitro formation of physiologically relevant engineered tissues is still limited by the availability of adequate growth‐factor‐presenting cell‐instructive biomaterials, allowing simultaneous and three‐dimensionally localized differentiation of multiple tissue progenitor cells. Together with ever improving technologies such as microfluidics, printing, or lithography, these biomaterials could provide the basis for generating provisional cellular constructs, which can differentiate to form tissue mimetics. Although state‐of‐the‐art biomaterials are endowed with sophisticated modules for time‐ and space‐controlled positioning and release of bioactive molecules, reports on 3D arrangements of differentiation‐inducing growth factors are scarce. This paper describes the stable and localized immobilization of biotinylated bioactive molecules to a modular, Factor XIII‐cross‐linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel platform using a genetically engineered streptavidin linker. Linker incorporation is demonstrated by Western blot, and streptavidin functionality is confirmed by capturing biotinylated alkaline phosphatase (ALP). After optimizing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) biotinylation, streptavidin‐modified hydrogels are able to bind and present bioactive BMP‐2‐biotin. Finally, with this immobilization scheme for BMP‐2, the specific osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is demonstrated by inducing ALP expression in confined 3D areas. In future, this platform together with other affinity‐based strategies will be useful for the local incorporation of various growth factors for engineering cell‐responsive constructs.
Low‐order optimal regulation of parabolic PDEs with time‐dependent domain
Authors: Izadi Mojtaba , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: October 2014

Observer and optimal boundary control design for the objective of output tracking of a linear distributed parameter system given by a two‐dimensional (2‐D) parabolic partial differential equation with time‐varying domain is realized in this work. The transformation of boundary actuation to distributed control setting allows to represent the system's model in a standard evolutionary form. By exploring dynamical model evolution and generating data, a set of time‐varying empirical eigenfunctions that capture the dominant dynamics of the distributed system is found. This basis is used in Galerkin's method to accurately represent the distributed system as a finite‐dimensional plant in terms of a linear time‐varying system. This reduced‐order model enables synthesis of a linear optimal output tracking controller, as well as design of a state observer. Finally, numerical results are prepared for the optimal output tracking of a 2‐D model of the temperature distribution in Czochralski crystal growth process which has nontrivial geometry. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 494–502, 2015