bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os desenvolvimentos da Mecânica Analítica que culminaram na elaboração de F=ma
Authors: Sitko Camila Maria
Published: May 2019

A lei de Newton e F = ma são princípios diferentes. Cerca de sessenta anos de desenvolvimentos conceituais e matemáticos foram necessários para que a Segunda Lei do Movimento fosse elaborada, em 1752-1776, pelas mãos de Leonhard Euler. Neste trabalho, são discutidos os principais desses fatores adjacentes à construção dessa lei, sem os quais não seria possível Euler, e nenhum outro, obter a Segunda Lei do Movimento, como a conhecemos hoje. Será discutido o que estava sendo feito na mecânica no início do século XVIII e que contribuiu para que bases conceituais fossem elaboradas para que então fosse possível a emergência da Segunda Lei do Movimento como um princípio geral da mecânica, como a busca pela generalização de princípios, a introdução da mecânica analítica, com novas técnicas e ferramentais matemáticos, o estudo de determinados tipos de problemas, a unificação de conceitos e a elaboração de bases alternativas para a mecânica, como os princípios variacionais. Essas realizações contribuíram para que a lei proposta por Newton fosse aperfeiçoada e ampliada por Euler para uma classe muito maior de problemas.
Simulação analógica de configurações eletrostáticas em uma malha de resistores
Authors: Maia dos Santos Josebel , Cruz Clebson Dos Santos , Do Prado Rosa Jr Antonio César , Oliveira de Jesus José Carlos , Santos Alves Álvaro
Published: May 2019

O estudo de superfícies equipotenciais é experimento comum nos laboratórios didáticos dos cursos de graduação em Fı́sica, funcionando como um elemento articulador do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos fundamentais do eletromagnetismo clássico, tais como o campo e o potencial. No entanto, seu método tradicional de execução apresenta algumas dificuldades técnicas que tornam essa prática experimental desestimulante para os estudantes, desfavorecendo a aprendizagem significativa destes conceitos. Neste contexto, propomos uma releitura deste experimento, na qual é utilizada uma malha de resistores para a simulação analógica de um meio eletricamente homogêneo. Os resultados experimentais obtidos são plenamente satisfatórios quanto à simulação de configurações eletrostáticas básicas, tais como cargas puntiformes ou placas planas paralelas, permitindo, inclusive, explorar temas que não são abordados no experimento tradicional, como a configuração de para-raios.
Environmental controls on surf zone injuries on high-energy beaches
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Scott Tim , Brander Rob , McCarroll Jak , Robinet Arthur , Tellier Eric , de Korte Elias , Simonnet Bruno , Salmi Louis-Rachid
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The two primary causes of surf zone injuries (SZIs) worldwide, including fatal drowning and severe spinal injuries, are rip currents (rips) and shore-break waves. SZIs also result from surfing and body boarding activity. In this paper we address the primary environmental controls on SZIs along the high-energy meso-macrotidal surf beach coast of SW France. A total of 2523 SZIs recorded by lifeguards over 186 sample days during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were combined with measured and/or hindcast weather, wave, tide and beach morphology data. All SZIs occurred disproportionately on warm sunny days with low wind likely because of increased beachgoer numbers and hazard exposure. Relationships were strongest for shore break and rip related SZIs and weakest for surfing related SZIs, the latter being also unaffected by tidal stage or range. Therefore the analysis focussed on bathers. Shore-break related SZIs disproportionately occur during shore-normal incident waves with average to below-average wave height (significant wave height Hs = 0.75–1.5 m) and around higher water levels and large tide range when waves break on the steepest section of the beach. In contrast, rip related drownings occur disproportionally near neap low tide, coinciding with maximized channel rip flow activity, under shore-normal incident waves with Hs > 1.25 m and periods mean wave period longer than 5 s. Additional drowning incidents occurred at spring high tide, presumably due to small-scale swash rips. The composite wave and tide parameters proposed by Scott et al. (2014) are key controlling factors determining SZI occurrence, although the risk ranges are not necessarily transferable to all sites. Summer beach and surf zone morphology is highly interannually variable, which is critical to SZI patterns. The upper beach slope can vary from 0.06 to 0.18 between summers, resulting in low and high shore-break related SZIs, respectively. Summers with coast-wide highly (weakly) developed rip channels also result in widespread (scarce) rip related drowning incidents. With life risk defined in terms of the number of people exposed to life threatening hazards at a beach, the ability of morphodynamic models to simulate primary beach morphology characteristics a few weeks/months in advance is therefore of paramount importance to predict the primary surf-zone life risks along this coast.
Dificultades de lectura en niños con Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje
Authors: Soriano-Ferrer Manuel , Contreras-González Mª Carmen , Corrales-Quispiricra Carmen
Published: May 2019

El presente estudio examinó el rendimiento en lectura de los niños con Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL). Treinta niños con TEL y 32 niños con desarrollo normal del lenguaje, equilibrados en género, edad cronológica e inteligencia, fueron evaluados mediante el PROLEC-R. Los resultados de los ANOVAs indicaron que ambos grupos difieren en el rendimiento en lectura. Como grupo, los niños con TEL tuvieron significativamente un rendimiento inferior, tanto en la exactitud como en el tiempo de la lectura de palabras y pseudopalabras, por lo que tenían una menos eficacia de lectura. En la misma línea, el rendimiento de los niños con TEL en comprensión literal e inferencial también fue inferior al de los niños con desarrollo típico. Sin embargo, un análisis individualizado indicó que algunos niños con TEL tienen un rendimiento normal en la exactitud y velocidad de lectura de palabras y de pseudopalabras (entre el 50% y el 70%). Sin embargo, en el caso de la comprensión lectora, la mayoría de los niños con TEL tuvieron un rendimiento significativamente inferior (87%), aunque alrededor del 13% tuvieron un rendimiento dentro del rango de normalidad. Además, los análisis de regresión jerárquica mostraron que diferentes medidas lingüísticas - memoria secuencial auditiva, comprensión auditiva y eficacia en la lectura de palabras - tienen un peso predictivo de la comprensión lectora.
REMOÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES, MICRORGANISMOS E MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DE EFLUENTE DE INDÚSTRIA DE LATICÍNIOS POR PROCESSOS DE SEPARAÇÃO POR MEMBRANAS
Authors: Galvão Douglas Felipe , Gomes Eliane Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: May 2019

As indústrias de laticínios são responsáveis por elevado consumo de água e elevada geração de efluentes. Com a escassez de recursos hídricos e a cobrança pelo uso da água, a minimização do consumo deste recurso nas indústrias é de suma importância para manter sua competitividade no mercado. O reúso industrial de efluentes torna-se importante, pois permite a utilização de águas de menor qualidade em processos que não exijam qualidade muito alta, reduzindo, consequentemente, o consumo nas indústrias. Nesse sentido, os processos de separação por membranas têm ganhado relevância no tratamento de efluentes e geração de águas de reúso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar a eficiência dos processos de separação por membranas no tratamento de efluente de laticínio. Os resultados demonstraram que, os processos de MF e UF têm considerável capacidade de tratamento do efluente da indústria de laticínio, com eficiências que chegaram a 36,57% para nitrogênio total, 98,39% para óleos e graxas, 92,39% para DQO e 90,53% para DBO5. A membrana de MF demonstrou eficiência máxima na remoção de DQO, DBO5, nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo, turbidez, óleos e graxas, sólidos totais voláteis e coliformes termotolerantes de 88,96, 90,53, 73,96, 38,46, 100, 95,89, 71,44 e 100%, respectivamente. A membrana de UF teve eficiência na remoção DQO, DBO5, nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo, turbidez, óleos e graxas, sólidos totais voláteis e coliformes termotolerantes de 92,39, 90,29, 70,81, 20,51, 100, 97,26, 72,14 e 100%, respectivamente.
AVALIAÇÃO DA NÃO LINEARIDADE DE MÓDULOS DE RESILIÊNCIA RETROANALISADOS DE MATERIAIS GRANULARES DE BASE DE PAVIMENTOS OBTIDOS DURANTE O CONTROLE TECNOLÓGICO DA DUPLICAÇÃO DE UMA RODOVIA NO RS
Authors: Martins Márcio Da Fonseca , Bueno Lucas Dotto , Specht Luciano Pivoto , Hallal Rafael Rosa , Coelho Henrique Otto , Pereira Deividi Da Silva
Published: May 2019

A retroanálise de módulos de resiliência partindo de bacias deflectométricas determinadas em campo permite estimar a rigidez das camadas do pavimento e do subleito, possibilitando comparar os valores obtidos com os módulos de projeto de pavimentos novos e permitindo adotar uma rotina mecanicista em dimensionamentos de reforço/restauração. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho busca realizar, com auxílio do software BAKFAA, a retroanálise de bacias de deflexão obtidas na base granular de um trecho experimental de rodovia utilizando a viga Benkelman com três diferentes cargas (8,2, 10,2 e 12,2 tf), visando estimar os módulos de resiliência (MR) das camadas de base, sub-base e subleito, para cada caso de carga empregada. Em função dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que os valores de módulo de resiliência obtidos por meio de retroanálise se encontraram dentro das expectativas geradas por trabalhos desenvolvidos com materiais similares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, o crescimento da rigidez das camadas de base e sub-base foi diretamente proporcional ao acréscimo de carga no caminhão, indicando que essas camadas possuem uma elasticidade não linear, crescendo à medida que as tensões confinantes aumentam no interior dos materiais granulares. Quanto ao subleito, não foram notadas grandes alterações na sua rigidez com o acréscimo de carga, portanto, percebe-se um indicativo de comportamento mais próximo da linearidade.
PREVISÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE CARGA EM ESTACAS RAIZ ATRAVÉS DE MÉTODOS SEMI-EMPÍRICOS ASSOCIADOS A ANÁLISES ESTATÍSTICAS
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Rogério
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo analisa a acurácia da previsão de capacidade de carga através dos métodos semi-empíricos Aoki e Velloso (1975), Decourt (1996) e Brasfond (1991), buscando uma melhor aproximação aos resultados obtidos in loco através de prova de carga dinâmica em estacas do tipo raiz realizados em uma obra de infraestrutura. O objetivo é apresentar uma metodologia que avance na qualidade da previsão do comportamento de estacas injetadas, demonstrando a eficiência dos métodos propostos através de análises estatísticas e correlações lineares, avaliando o método semi-empírico que mais se aproxima dos resultados obtido in loco. Observando que o fator da injeção com aplicação de golpe de ar se mostra decisivo no que diz respeito ao aumento da seção da estaca e capacidade de carga, devido aos índices físicos do solo adjacente. Verificou-se que o método de Decourt (1996) é o que mais se aproxima da carga de ruptura obtida in loco através de seis prova de carga dinâmica, comprovando a eficácia do método através da previsão de carga como das análises estatísticas.
COMPARAÇÃO DO USO DE VERMICOMPOSTO E COMPOSTO COMO AGENTE DE DEGRADAÇÃO DE BIODIESEL B100
Authors: Mistura Clóvia Marozzin , Peruzzo Ricardo , Hemerich Dieisson , Barão Fábio Roberto
Published: May 2019

Com o gradual aumento de consumo de combustíveis provenientes de petróleo, os impactos ao meio ambiente vêm crescendo constantemente, como gases poluentes gerados pela combustão desses combustíveis e o seu derramamento no solo. Os biocombustíveis, em seu ciclo geral, são menos poluentes e causam menores impactos ao meio ambiente. Com o intuito de acompanhar a degradação de biocombustíveis no solo, desenvolveu-se um estudo para avaliar a degradação de biodiesel B100 em contato com vermicomposto (Húmus de minhocas) e composto (resíduos de jardinagem), os materiais de biodegradação foram contaminados com diferentes percentagens de biodiesel de soja B100 e dispostos em colunas de PVC (policloreto de vinila), com estágios removíveis, confinadas por 45 dias, a cada 15 dias foram retiradas amostras e realizadas extrações do biodiesel remanescente por sistema soxhlet. Os resultados mostram que quando comparados os dois tratamentos, o vermicomposto apresentou melhor desempenho na degradação do B100 em 45 dias, na proporção de 10% de contaminação, o que demonstra que esta técnica pode ser uma alternativa a ser utilizada para uma possível biorremediação de um local contaminado por biodiesel.
Por entre jornais, documentos e fotos: a tessitura da história de São Leopoldo
Authors: Arendt Isabel Cristina , Capovilla da Luz Ramos Eloisa Helena
Published: May 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo homenagear a figura de Germano Oscar Moehlecke. Comerciante de origem leopoldense, no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), foi fundador e membro atuante do Museu Histórico Visconde de São Leopoldo (MHVSL), inaugurado em 1959. Foi também fundador e membro permanente do Instituto Histórico de São Leopoldo (IHSL), inaugurado em 1975 no contexto do Biênio da Colonização e Imigração no Rio Grande do Sul. Neste evento, foi Presidente da Comissão em nível municipal. Além destes aspectos, o texto aborda o interesse de Germano Moehlecke pela história de São Leopoldo, escrita a partir de fotografias e documentos oficiais. Também analisa a produção escrita do autor. A intenção de Moehlecke, deduzimos, era construir uma outra história para a cidade e seus moradores, o que conseguiu com uma produção embasada nas fontes existentes no MHVSL, as quais queria tornar visíveis. Para dar conta da trajetória do historiador leopoldense, buscamos apoio também em seus dados pessoais, inserindo-os em seu tempo e em seu espaço. A conclusão a que chegamos, parcial, ainda, é que Germano Oscar Moehlecke foi uma importante liderança cultural na cidade de São Leopoldo pelos lugares que ocupou e pelo legado cultural que deixou.
Os Escritos de Raymundo José da Cunha Mattos e a Temática Indígena no IHGB
Authors: Victor Vieira Martha
Published: May 2019

Este artigo pretende analisar alguns escritos de Raymundo José da Cunha Mattos publicados na Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (RIHGB), enfocando sua concepção de história e seu interesse em investigar e narrar à temática indígena. Parte-se do pressuposto que, sendo a disciplina de história uma importante aliada dos Estados nacionais nesta época, o incentivo aos estudos sobre os povos indígenas era bastante útil porque ajudaria a assimilá-los, consolidaria a soberania territorial interna, afirmaria a nacionalidade brasileira e apontaria alternativas para a carência de mão de obra no país.
Educação não formal no contexto brasileiro e internacional: tensões que perpassam a formulação conceitual
Authors: Sieiro Fernandes Renata , Aroeira Garcia Valéria
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta um estudo bibliográfico que visa apresentar o percurso histórico de constituição do campo da educação não formal nos contextos internacional e nacional, de modo a perceber como se deu a criação conceitual e teórica desse campo, bem como suas implicações. Dessa forma, a educação não formal tangencia as relações com a educação formal e apresenta algumas problemáticas advindas de suas origens e mudanças histórico-conceituais envolvendo os públicos atendidos por programas e projetos do terceiro setor, organizações de capital público, privado e misto, em ações realizadas fora da escola. O artigo traz subsídios para a fundamentação teórica e prática nesse campo conceitual e educacional. Conclui-se que o lugar atribuído ao campo da educação não formal orbita a periferia e as margens em relação à centralidade do campo da educação formal. Entender, conceitualmente, os dois campos como autônomos e independentes, que se interpenetram, com mobilidade e sem fronteiras definidas, talvez seja um caminho para a integração e valorização de muitas formas de se praticar educação, sem desmerecimentos e descréditos, possibilitando, inclusive, a diversidade de propostas educacionais.
Ambientalização curricular: estudo de caso do curso de tecnologia em logística
Authors: Alencastro Mario Sergio Cunha , Michalowski Jorge Wilson
Published: May 2019

Em consonância com os princípios da transversalidade e da interdisciplinaridade, procurou-se verificar, no currículo do curso, uma abordagem metodológica que contemplasse, mediante metodologias ativas e participativas, um processo de ensino e aprendizagem que tratasse as questões ambientais de forma transversal e integrada. Nesse contexto, este estudo procurou analisar como se insere a ambientalização curricular. A pesquisa desenvolvida, um estudo de caso que utilizou como instrumentos a pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental, a observação participante e o grupo focal, demonstrou que a prática ambiental pode ser trabalhada de maneira transversal e interdisciplinar, aliada com o mercado atual, em busca de soluções para problemas reais. Este estudo de caso proporcionou uma evolução significativa na construção do conhecimento dos alunos, futuros profissionais de logística, os quais demonstraram mais interesse nos conteúdos quando colocados à frente de problemas reais de empresas, tendo que indicar soluções para um mercado competitivo do qual em breve serão parte ativa.
Ensino de programação em robótica com Arduino para alunos do ensino fundamental: relato de experiência
Authors: De Medeiros Luciano Frontino , Wünsch Luana Priscila
Published: May 2019

O artigo relata as práticas vivenciadas de ensino de programação para a plataforma Arduino, por meio de um curso elaborado para alunos do Ensino Fundamental II pertencentes a 9 (nove) escolas públicas do município de Curitiba, abrangendo ao todo 117 alunos do 5º ao 9º ano. Estes alunos fazem parte de grupos que participam de competições de robótica de forma regular, entretanto sem possuir familiaridade com a plataforma Arduino, de maneira geral. No decorrer do curso, os alunos eram observados e constatou-se a capacidade de aprendizado dos alunos em um tempo bastante breve, assim como as dificuldades na assimilação dos conceitos básicos de programação, os quais eram apresentados de forma incremental e tendo foco na proposição de desafios a partir de noções mais simples. O uso do simulador para as tarefas de programação facilitou a transição da forma de programação visual, da qual os alunos já possuíam certo conhecimento, para uma programação mais textual. Busca-se mostrar ainda como o aprendizado de programação pode auxiliar na constituição do pensamento formal a partir do concreto. Ficou evidenciado o caráter motivador que as atividades de robótica proporcionam ao processo de aprendizagem e que podem, por sua vez, servir de facilitador para a introdução de conceitos mais complexos relativos à linguagens de programação.
Pensamiento computacional: una nueva exigencia para la educación del siglo XXI
Authors: Soria Valencia Edith , Rivero Panaqué Carol
Published: May 2019

En el actual siglo XXI, se requiere de ciudadanos preparados para enfrentar profundos cambios y retos, especialmente, en la vida y el trabajo. De esta manera, para una adecuada toma de decisiones en el mundo de hoy, complejo y cambiante, se necesitan desarrollar diferentes habilidades en las personas que les permitan desenvolverse adecuadamente. Por ello, la educación debe ser un pilar fundamental en la construcción de esta sociedad mediante la promoción de habilidades, como por ejemplo aquellas relacionadas al pensamiento computacional, considerando el pensamiento crítico y en donde se pueda descomponer un problema, procesar datos, crear procedimientos y generalizarlos. Por lo tanto, a través de este estudio, se reflexionará sobre la importancia del pensamiento computacional y se analizará sus aproximaciones conceptuales. Así también,  se considerarán los elementos que lo componen y finalmente, se revisarán algunas experiencias de interés sobre la enseñanza del lenguaje de programación y pensamiento computacional.
Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism and other Complications after Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With a History of Prostate or Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Dennis Q. , Montgomery Samuel R. , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Werner Brian C.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

As cancer treatments continue to improve the overall survival rates, more patients with a history of cancer will present for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Therefore, it is essential for orthopaedic surgeons to understand the differences in care required by this growing subpopulation. Although the current research suggests that good outcomes can be predicted when appropriately optimized patients with cancer undergo lower extremity total joint arthroplasty, similar studies for TSA are lacking. The primary study question was to examine whether a history of cancer was associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after TSA. Secondarily, we sought to examine any association between a history of prostate and breast cancer and surgical or medical complications after TSA.

Methods:

Using a national insurance database, male patients with a history of prostate cancer and female patients with a history of breast cancer undergoing anatomic TSA for primary osteoarthritis were identified and compared with control subjects matched 3:1 based on age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use. Patients with a history of VTE and patients who underwent reverse TSA or hemiarthroplasty were excluded.

Results:

Female patients with a history of breast cancer and male patients with a history of prostate cancer undergoing TSA had significantly higher incidences of acute VTE (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) compared with matched control subjects (female patients: odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.81; P = 0.024 and male patients: odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.79; P = 0.023). No significant differences were noted in the incidences of any other complications assessed.

Conclusion:

Although a personal history of these malignancies does represent a statistically significant risk factor for acute VTE after anatomic TSA, the overall VTE rate remains modest and acceptable. The rates of other surgical and medical complications are not significantly increased in patients with a history of these cancers after TSA compared with control subjects.
A Review of Studies on Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies in Teaching Reading Comprehension for ESL/EFL Learners
Authors: Ali Aziza M. , Razali Abu Bakar
Published: May 2019

Being able to read well is important for English language learners. Through the process of reading, the learner becomes an active participant in producing an interaction with the writer of the text through predicting, analyzing, summarizing and using other types of reading strategies. However, building such a connection between the reader and the written information of the text is complex and for English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL) students, it can be quite difficult for them to apply different types of reading strategies. This article provides a review of literature on 27 studies on the teaching of reading strategies (particularly cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies) for ESL/EFL learners, which reveals that ESL/EFL teachers need to keep updating their teaching methods to meet the ESL/EFL students’ needs, particularly in the use of correct reading strategies. The authors also highlight some of the main issues that prevent ESL/EFL students from improving and developing their reading comprehension. Furthermore, the authors discuss and conclude the article by suggesting to ESL/EFL teachers some teaching strategies to be applied in the reading lesson to improve the ESL/EFL students’ use of reading strategies.
Szkolnictwo i kształcenie specjalne w Polsce. W perspektywie setnej rocznicy odzyskania niepodległości
Authors: Kulbaka Jacek
Published: May 2019

The article is an attempt to depict the genesis, situation and directions of the development of special education for children during the Interwar Period. The author attempts to characterise the situation of education for: the morally neglected (socially unfit), the mentally handicapped (intellectually disabled), the blind and deaf (deaf). The text includes aspects of education policy, the topic of teacher meetings, normative acts, the activities of people who have contributed to special education and others.
Sieci współpracy i samokształcenia nauczycieli – pozory zmiany czy przestrzeń możliwości rozwoju kultury szkoły i jej uczestników
Authors: Filipiak Ewa
Published: May 2019

Setting up cooperation and teachers’ self-education networking  has been determined by a top-down regulation of the Minister of Education. It seems that in the course of implementation activities, legislative and administrative interventions related to this recommendation, one has lost the thinking of the nature and special characteristics of this type of learning and knowledge. The article analyses the special features of the collective learning process, and presents the fundamental theories constituting the interpretive and paradigmatic framework for the learning interpreted in such a way: Lev S.Vygotski’s cultural-historical theory, Jerome S. Bruner’s socio-cultural theory, Yrjö Engeström’s expansive learning theory and learning by expanding, Jack Mezirow’s  transformative learning, Etienne Wenger’s situated learning theory and Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger’s community of practice concept, a participant of “teaching conversation”, the specific tools and strategies necessary to equip the cognitive box with teachers’ tools, have been selected and characterised. An example of a network of learning professionals  is shown. In conclusion, one highlights the apparent activities of the created networks, projecting a certain understanding and instrumental understanding of the practice on practitioners, which hinders Bruner’’s challenge of transforming the school into a culture of learning communities.
Self-organization of students’ activity as a condition of effective electronic educational communication
Authors: Sungurova Nina L. , Karabushchenko Natalya B. , Mikhailova Daria
Published: May 2019

The virtual environment allows solving new educational problems, but also generates new educational, psychological and pedagogical effects, new experience. E-learning, like traditional learning, is realised with the help of three most common technologies: self-learning technology; one-to-one learning technology; one-to-many learning technology. At the same time, e-learning interaction involves self-organisation of the individual and the organisation of joint distributed activities of students. Self-organisation of the individual is understood as the ability to structure personal time, tactically plan own activities, purposefully act in solving problems. The effectiveness of educational activities of students in the conditions of e-learning depends on how students are guided by their own internal principles, the ability to create conditions for the optimization of learning tasks and actions.
The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research of self-organisation of the individual in the context of effective distribution of time resources, describes the psychological strategies of network activity of students, highlights the features of educational styles, levels of psychological efficiency of interaction with information technology.
Effect of plastic deformation rate at
room temperature on structure and
mechanical properties of high-Mn
austenitic Mn-Al-Si 25-3-3 type steel
Authors: Borek W. , Lis A. , Gołombek K. , Sakiewicz P. , Piotrowski K.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to determine influence of plastic deformation rate at room
temperature on structure and mechanical properties of high-Mn austenitic Mn-Al-Si 25-3-3
type steel tested at room temperature.
Design/methodology/approach: Mechanical properties of tested steel was determined
using Zwick Z100 static testing machine for testing with the deformation speed equal 0.008 s-1,
and RSO rotary hammer for testing with deformation speeds of 250, 500 and 1000s-1. The
microstructure evolution samples tested in static and dynamic conditions was determined in
metallographic investigations using light microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction.
Findings: Based on X-ray phase analysis results, together with observation
using metallographic microscope, it was concluded, that the investigated high-Mn
X13MnAlSiNbTi25-3-3 steel demonstrates austenitic structure with numerous mechanical
twins, what agrees with TWIP effect. It was demonstrated, that raise of plastic deformation
rate produces higher tensile strength UTS and higher conventional yield point YS0.2. The
UTS strength values for deformation rate 250, 500 and 1000 s-1 grew by: 35, 24 and
31%, appropriately, whereas in case of YS0.2 these were: 7, 74 and 130%, accordingly, in
respect to the results for the investigated steel deformed under static conditions, where
UTS and YS0.2 values are 1050 MPa and 700 MPa. Opposite tendency was observed for
experimentally measured uniform and total relative elongation. Homogeneous austenitic
structure was confirmed by X-ray diffractometer tests.
Research limitations/implications: To fully describe influence of strain rates on
structure and mechanical properties, further investigations specially with using transmission
electron microscope are required.
Practical implications: Knowledge about obtained microstructures and mechanical
properties results of tested X13MnAlSiNbTi25-3-3 steel under static and dynamic conditions
can be useful for the appropriate use of this type of engineering material in machines and
equipment susceptible to static or dynamic loads.
Originality/value: The influence of plastic deformation at room temperature under static
and dynamic conditions of new-developed high-manganese austenitic X13MnAlSiNbTi25-3-3
steels were investigated.
Facing Strangers in Need
Authors: Miscevic Nenad ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2019

What is the role of toleration in the present-day crisis, marked by the inflow of refugees and increase in populism? The seriousness of the crises demands efforts of active toleration, acceptance, and integration of refugees and the like. Active toleration brings with itself a series of very demanding duties, divided into immediate ones involving immediate Samaritan aid to people at our doors and the long-term ones involving their acculturation and possibilities of decent life for them. A cosmopolitan attitude can contribute a lot. In the context of a refugee crisis, cosmopolitanism is not disappearing but showing its non-traditional, more Samaritan face turned not to distant strangers, as the classical one, but towards strangers at our doors.We have conjectured that this work of active toleration can diminish the need for the passive one: the well-integrated immigrant is no longer seen as a strange, exotic person with an incomprehensible and unacceptable attitude, but as one of us so that her attitudes become less irritating and provocative. The social-psychological approach that sees integration as involving both the preservation of central aspects of the original identity and the copy-pasting of the new one over it offers an interesting rationale for the conjecture: once integrated, the former newcomer is perceived as one of ‘us’ and her views stop being exotic, incomprehensible and a priori unacceptable. Given the amount of need for toleration, and difficulties and paradoxes connected with its passive variety, the conjecture, if true, might be a piece of good news.Finally, we have briefly touched the question of deeper causes of the crisis. Once one turns to this question, the traditional cosmopolitan issues come back to the forefront: the deep poverty and unjust distribution on the one hand, and conflicts and wars on the other. Cosmopolitans have a duty to face these issues, and this is where active global toleration leads in our times.
The Limits of Tolerance from the Perspective of Their Public Legitimization
Authors: Makariev Plamen ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2019

The limits of tolerance are discussed in this article with regard to the status of religious, ethnic, and national minorities in liberal-democratic societies. The question that the author is trying to answer is this: how can minority policies be designed in such a way that they provide the due conditions for the reproduction of minority identities over time which, at the same time, do not compromise national integrity. The line of demarcation between these two kinds of policy would also be the limit of tolerance, concerning the role of these identities in society. In the first part of the article a critical analysis is made of the policy of cultural neutrality of the state, based on the differentiation between the approaches to minority issues in the public and in the private life of the citizens. In the second part an alternative possible solution is presented―to draw the limits of tolerance by means of the legitimization of minority policies via public communication which is protected from manipulations by means of the methodology of public deliberation.
Short-term plasticity at cerebellar granule cell to molecular layer interneuron synapses expands information processing
Authors: Dorgans Kevin , Demais Valérie , Bailly Yannick , Poulain Bernard , Isope Philippe , Doussau Frédéric
Published: May 2019

Information processing by cerebellar molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) plays a crucial role in motor behavior. MLI recruitment is tightly controlled by the profile of short-term plasticity (STP) at granule cell (GC)-MLI synapses. While GCs are the most numerous neurons in the brain, STP diversity at GC-MLI synapses is poorly documented. Here, we studied how single MLIs are recruited by their distinct GC inputs during burst firing. Using slice recordings at individual GC-MLI synapses of mice, we revealed four classes of connections segregated by their STP profile. Each class differentially drives MLI recruitment. We show that GC synaptic diversity is underlain by heterogeneous expression of synapsin II, a key actor of STP and that GC terminals devoid of synapsin II are associated with slow MLI recruitment. Our study reveals that molecular, structural and functional diversity across GC terminals provides a mechanism to expand the coding range of MLIs.
The dynamic conformational landscape of the protein methyltransferase SETD8
Authors: Chen Shi , Wiewiora Rafal P , Meng Fanwang , Babault Nicolas , Ma Anqi , Yu Wenyu , Qian Kun , Hu Hao , Zou Hua , Wang Junyi , Fan Shijie , Blum Gil , Pittella-Silva Fabio , Beauchamp Kyle A , Tempel Wolfram , Jiang Hualiang , Chen Kaixian , Skene Robert J , Zheng Yujun George , Brown Peter J , Jin Jian , Luo Cheng , Chodera John D , Luo Minkui
Published: May 2019

Elucidating the conformational heterogeneity of proteins is essential for understanding protein function and developing exogenous ligands. With the rapid development of experimental and computational methods, it is of great interest to integrate these approaches to illuminate the conformational landscapes of target proteins. SETD8 is a protein lysine methyltransferase (PKMT), which functions in vivo via the methylation of histone and nonhistone targets. Utilizing covalent inhibitors and depleting native ligands to trap hidden conformational states, we obtained diverse X-ray structures of SETD8. These structures were used to seed distributed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that generated a total of six milliseconds of trajectory data. Markov state models, built via an automated machine learning approach and corroborated experimentally, reveal how slow conformational motions and conformational states are relevant to catalysis. These findings provide molecular insight on enzymatic catalysis and allosteric mechanisms of a PKMT via its detailed conformational landscape.
Electronic band structures of group-V two-dimensional materials
Authors: Namari Nuning Anugrah Putri , Saito Mineo
Published: May 2019

We systematically study the electronic properties of two-dimensional group-V materials, i.e. phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene. The density functional calculations are performed using generalized gradient approximation. We first clarify that the α structure is the most stable in the cases of phosphorene and bismuthene and the β structure is the most stable in the cases of arsenene and antimonene. We next analyze the band structures based on group theory. As a result, we find that all the bands are doubly degenerated at the boundaries of the first Brillouin zone in the α structures and the degeneracies are due to the symmetry of the materials. The band gaps of the β structures are found to be larger than those of the α structures. This tendency in the band gaps is explained based on the fact that the band gap increases as the sp hybridization becomes large. We find that buckling occurs in the α structures of antimonene and bismuthene due to the electron transfer from the higher atom to the lower atom.
Polski leksykon japońskich terminów gramatycznych jako wyzwanie międzykulturowe
Authors: Jabłoński Arkadiusz
Published: May 2019

Komunikacja międzykulturowa kojarzy się z działaniem na styku różnych środowisk kulturowych i komunikacyjnych. Nie inaczej rzecz ma się w przypadku kompilacji polskiego leksykonu japońskich terminów gramatycznych, jaki powstaje obecnie w ramach grantu NCN (OPUS 10, panel HS2, projekt numer 2015/19/B/HS2/00147) w Katedrze Orientalistyki (Wydział Neofilologii) UAM. Wyzwania, jakie stoją przed projektem, wydają się interesujące zarówno z punktu widzenia niezbędnych decyzji opisowych, jak i interdyscyplinarnych (w tym: z rozróżnieniem na poziomie dyscyplin językoznawstwa ogólnego i japońskiego). W ramach artykułu wyzwanie to podjęto w kontekście próby przedstawienia zarysu projektu odbiorcy polskiemu.
Refleksja metapoznawcza w procesie kształtowania sprawności pisania
Authors: Łompieś Jan Bolesław
Published: May 2019

StreszczenieW artykule omówiona jest rola refleksji metapoznawczej i systematycznej praktyki pisania dla kształtowania sprawności tworzenia tekstów w języku obcym. Wychodząc od przedstawienia wybranych opinii i badań nad niskim poziomem pisania efektywnością kształcenia sztuki tworzenia tekstów pisanych autor podejmuje próbę weryfikacji hipotezy o pozytywnym wpływie refleksji metapoznawczej, a także praktyki systematycznego pisania, w tym także metodą freewriting, na rozwój sprawności pisania. Hipotezę autor stara się zweryfikować w toku własnych zajęć ze studentami, podczas których grupa studentów przez jeden semestr uczestniczyła w systematycznym pisaniu podczas zajęć oraz praktykowała sterowaną przez nauczyciela autorefleksję nad przebiegiem i oceną wyników własnych prac. Ten quasi-eksperyment wstępnie wykazał pewien przyrost biegłości w pisaniu mierzonej długością tekstu w określonym czasie pisania oraz wzrost umiejętności autokorekty własnych tekstów kosztem jednak zwiększenia czasochłonności pracy tak studentów jak nauczyciela. Hipoteza wpływu wspomnianych czynników na wzrost sprawności pisania, także w aspekcie jakościowym, wymaga dalszych pogłębionych badań.
Kompetencje miękkie tłumacza przysięgłego
Authors: Łomzik Magdalena
Published: May 2019

Uzyskanie uprawnień do wykonywania zawodu tłumacza przysięgłego, który w Polsce nadal należy do zawodów regulowanych, zakłada spełnienie prawnie określonych wymogów formalnych. Wśród nich nie znajdziemy jednak kompetencji miękkich, takich jak np. otwartość czy asertywność. Także opracowania naukowe na temat kompetencji tłumacza przysięgłego koncentrują się głównie na kompetencji językowej, kulturowej, tłumaczeniowej, wiedzy specjalistycznej, rzadziej kompetencji etycznej. Jednakże na podstawie omówionych w literaturze przedmiotu problemów związanych z wykonywaniem tego zawodu można ustalić kompetencje miękkie, które są przydatne lub niezbędne w pracy tłumacza przysięgłego. Celem artykułu jest próba usystematyzowania takich kompetencji miękkich.
Alternative bait trials in the Barents Sea snow crab fishery
Authors: Araya-Schmidt Tomas , Olsen Leonore , Rindahl Lasse , Larsen Roger B. , Winger Paul D.
Published: May 2019

Commercial harvesting of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the Barents Sea started in 2012 by Norwegian fishing vessels. This new fishery has significant bait requirements, representing an emerging conservation challenge. In this study, we evaluate the performance of five alternative (natural) baits manufactured from the waste stream of existing and sustainably managed harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) capture. Five different types of new bait were evaluated, including seal fat (SF), seal fat with skin (SFS), seal meat with bone (SMB), whale fat with skin (WFS), and whale meat with fat (WMF). A comparative fishing experiment was conducted onboard a commercial snow crab fishing vessel in the Barents Sea (May–June, 2016) to evaluate the performance of traditional bait (squid, Illexs spp.) and alternative baits at catching snow crabs. Performance of the different baits were compared on the basis of the number of commercial crab caught per trap haul catch per unit effort (CPUE) and carapace width (CW). Our results showed that SF and SFS performed equally well to traditional bait, with no statistical difference in CPUE (p-value = 0.325 and 0.069, respectively). All of the other experimental baits significantly decreased CPUE, when compared to squid. No significant effect of bait treatment on CW was detected and the cumulative distribution of CW was the same between control traps and each of the bait treatments. Overall the results indicated that SF and SFS represent a viable alternative to replace traditional bait, addressing a key conservation challenge in this bait intensive snow crab fishery.
Using GIS to examine biogeographic and macroevolutionary patterns in some late Paleozoic cephalopods from the North American Midcontinent Sea
Authors: Kolis Kayla M. , Lieberman Bruce S.
Published: May 2019

Geographic range is an important macroevolutionary parameter frequently considered in paleontological studies as species’ distributions and range sizes are determined by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors well known to affect the differential birth and death of species. Thus, considering how distributions and range sizes fluctuate over time can provide important insight into evolutionary dynamics. This study uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and analyses of evolutionary rates to examine how in some species within the Cephalopoda, an important pelagic clade, geographic range size and rates of speciation and extinction changed throughout the Pennsylvanian and early Permian in the North American Midcontinent Sea. This period is particularly interesting for biogeographic and evolutionary studies because it is characterized by repetitive interglacial-glacial cycles, a global transition from an icehouse to a greenhouse climate during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age, and decelerated macroevolutionary dynamics, i.e. low speciation and extinction rates. The analyses presented herein indicate that cephalopod species diversity was not completely static and actually fluctuated throughout the Pennsylvanian and early Permian, matching findings from other studies. However, contrary to some other studies, the mean geographic ranges of cephalopod species did not change significantly through time, despite numerous climate oscillations; further, geographic range size did not correlate with rates of speciation and extinction. These results suggest that pelagic organisms may have responded differently to late Paleozoic climate changes than benthic organisms, although additional consideration of this issue is needed. Finally, these results indicate that, at least in the case of cephalopods, macroevolution during the late Paleozoic was more dynamic than previously characterized, and patterns may have varied across different clades during this interval.
Plant diversity is closely related to the density of zokor mounds in three alpine rangelands on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Niu Yujie , Zhou Jianwei , Yang Siwei , Chu Bin , Zhu Huimin , Zhang Bo , Fang Qiangen , Tang Zhuangsheng , Hua Limin
Published: May 2019

Background

Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is a subterranean rodent endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. This species has been generally viewed as a pest in China due to the competition for food with livestock and also causing soil erosion. As a result, plateau zokor has been the target of widespread poisoning or trapping campaigns designed to control or eliminate it since 1970s. But there is little research on the effect of plateau zokor on plant diversity in alpine rangelands. Therefore, objectively evaluating the positive effects of the plateau zokors disturbance on their living environment and plant communities is of great significance to understand the function of plateau zokor in alpine ecosystem.

Methods

Here, we selected three rangelands (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine shrub meadow) in which plateau zokors are typically distributed on the Tibetan Plateau, and five zokor mound density gradients were selected in each rangeland type to study the effects of the mounds on soil moisture and temperature related to plant species diversity.

Results

The results showed that, with the mound density increasing, the soil temperature decreased significantly in all three rangeland types, and the soil moisture significantly increased in all three rangeland types. In the alpine meadow, both the plant diversity and cumulative species richness increased significantly with increasing mound density. The increase in broad-leaved forbs is the main reason for the increase of plant diversity in the alpine meadow disturbed by zokor mounds. In the alpine steppe, the plant diversity decreased significantly with increasing mound density, while the cumulative species richness initially decreased and then increased. In the alpine shrub meadow, the plant diversity first increased and then decreased with increasing mound density as did the cumulative species richness. In conclusion, plateau zokor mounds dominated the distribution of soil moisture and temperature and significantly affected plant diversity in these three rangelands on Tibetan Plateau; the results further deepen our understanding toward a co-evolved process.
Automated pupillometry to detect command following in neurological patients: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Vassilieva Alexandra , Olsen Markus Harboe , Peinkhofer Costanza , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Kondziella Daniel
Published: May 2019

Background

Levels of consciousness in patients with acute and chronic brain injury are notoriously underestimated. Paradigms based on electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may detect covert consciousness in clinically unresponsive patients but are subject to logistical challenges and the need for advanced statistical analysis.

Methods

To assess the feasibility of automated pupillometry for the detection of command following, we enrolled 20 healthy volunteers and 48 patients with a wide range of neurological disorders, including seven patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), who were asked to engage in mental arithmetic.

Results

Fourteen of 20 (70%) healthy volunteers and 17 of 43 (39.5%) neurological patients, including 1 in the ICU, fulfilled prespecified criteria for command following by showing pupillary dilations during ≥4 of five arithmetic tasks. None of the five sedated and unconscious ICU patients passed this threshold.

Conclusions

Automated pupillometry combined with mental arithmetic appears to be a promising paradigm for the detection of covert consciousness in people with brain injury. We plan to build on this study by focusing on non-communicating ICU patients in whom the level of consciousness is unknown. If some of these patients show reproducible pupillary dilation during mental arithmetic, this would suggest that the present paradigm can reveal covert consciousness in unresponsive patients in whom standard investigations have failed to detect signs of consciousness.