bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An international turn: Rebuilding Chinese temple networks in Indonesia 20 years after the Suharto era
Authors: Hertzman Emily Zoe
Published: August 2022

The transnationalization of Chinese temples is producing new spatial imaginaries and adding cosmopolitan dimensions to Chinese Indonesian identities in the post‐Suharto era. In 1999, the Indonesian state legally‐sanctioned Chinese Popular Religion after decades of prohibition, ushering in a period of Chinese religious revival nationally backed by constitutional legitimacy. The recent emergence of transnational temple networks is providing a further form of cultural legitimacy based on symbols and statuses that circulate in a broader cosmopolitan transnational social sphere. Using case studies of three temples in Singkawang, Indonesia, each with a different form of international network, this paper shows how the transnational circulation of religious teachings, people, ideas, donations and deities can provide the raw materials for expressions of cultural identity which are locally rooted and embedded in specific ethnic politics of belonging. Forging transnational religious connections has the potential to develop into long lasting and formal institutional platforms of exchange, however, it often begins with informal, spontaneous and idiosyncratic encounters.
What side of town? How proximity to critical survival factors affects rural business longevity
Authors: Van Leuven Andrew J. , Low Sarah A. , Hill Edward (Ned)
Published: August 2022

This research adds to the literature on locational determinants of business survival by focusing on an establishment's proximity to fixed assets. Using longitudinal, establishment‐level data from rural counties in the Midwestern United States, we developed a hazard model to estimate the likelihood of rural businesses surviving the Great Recession and the recovery that followed (2007–2017). Two critical survival factors are of principal interest: proximity to a pre‐automobile era downtown business district and proximity to a limited‐access highway ramp. The results suggest that highway proximity enhances survival for manufacturing, transportation, and wholesaling establishments, as does own‐industry agglomeration. For food, retail, and accommodation businesses, proximity to cultural anchor institutions enhances the probability of survival but competitive effects, including downtown proximity, reduce the likelihood of survival. On its own, proximity to a downtown was not associated with higher odds of business survival.
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and lymphoid neoplasms: A review of malignancy management, and propositions of practical recommendations
Authors: Nicol Christophe , Pan‐Petesch Brigitte , Ianotto Jean‐Christopher
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AWS) is a rare and potentially life‐threatening bleeding disorder. AWS is primarily associated with lymphocyte‐related disorders (AWS‐LRD), such as lymphoma and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and plasmocyte‐related disorders (AWS‐PRD), such as non‐IgM MGUS and myeloma. Symptomatic treatments are important to control and prevent bleeding, but AWS‐LRD and AWS‐PRD can only be cured by targeting the responsible clonal cell. No reviews exist on this specific subgroup of AWS.

Aim

We performed a literature review to help manage these rare cases.

Method

Thirty‐two AWS‐PRD and 43 AWS‐LRD cases with data on malignancy treatment were reported in 56 articles from the Medline database.

Results

LRDs were exclusively indolent and primarily associated with IgM monoclonal compounds. LRDs and PRDs may be treated because of severe bleeding symptoms, but severe VWF deficiency did not necessarily correlate with severe bleeding. Immunosuppressive drugs in AWS‐PRD, including rituximab, provided an overall response rate of AWS (AWS‐ORR) of 30% (3/10), including short responses. Anti‐myeloma drugs provided an AWS‐ORR of 71.4% (20/28), with long‐lasting remissions. Bortezomib was the most commonly used drug and provided an AWS‐ORR of 66.7% (6/9), including therapeutic associations with other anti‐myeloma drugs. Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in eight and two patients, respectively, and some details on the management of AWS during these procedures were provided. Rituximab in AWS‐LRD provided an AWS‐ORR of 60% (3/5), and a chemotherapy + rituximab regimen increased the AWS‐ORR to above 50%. Bleeding syndrome in AWS‐PRD and AWS‐LRD generally improved prior to AWS biological improvement.

Conclusion

Long term remission of AWS due to lymphoid neoplasms is attainable by treating the underlying clonal cell. Some data and recommendations are provided to help answer difficult questions, including treatment timing, choice of drug, and the timing of evaluations and treatment changes.
Treatment of acute exacerbations of trigeminal neuralgia in the emergency department: A retrospective case series
Authors: Pinto Maria João , Gomes Alexandra , Pinto Madalena , Abreu Pedro , Costa Andreia
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the response to treatment of acute trigeminal neuralgia (TN) exacerbations in the emergency department (ED).

Background

TN is characterized by recurrent and intense pain paroxysms. Some patients experience severe acute exacerbations requiring ED presentation. The optimal management of these episodes is not well established.

Methods

We present a case series of TN exacerbations in adults who presented to the ED of a tertiary center from January 2008 to December 2020. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, including pharmacological management in the ED. The primary outcome was pain relief, classified into “no relief,” “partial relief,” and “satisfactory relief” based on the qualitative description in the ED's records.

Results

Ultimately 197 crisis episodes corresponding to 140 patients were included. Most were women (61%, 121/197) with a median age of 63 years (interquartile range: 52–73). Acute TN exacerbations were treated with opioids in 78% (108/139) of crisis episodes, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in 42% (58/139), corticosteroids in 21% (29/139), intravenous phenytoin in 18% (25/139), and intravenous lidocaine in 6% (8/139). Of the 108 cases treated with opioids, 78 (72%) required additional drugs for pain management. Intravenous phenytoin allowed satisfactory pain relief in 64% of cases.

Conclusion

In our sample, opioids were the most used therapeutic approach in acute TN exacerbations despite their low efficacy and subsequent need for further drug treatment in most cases. Most crisis episodes managed with intravenous phenytoin reached total pain relief. Prospective studies are needed to guide the treatment of acute exacerbations of TN.
A single arm prospective feasibility study evaluating wound closure with a unique wearable device that provides intermittent plantar compression and offloading in the treatment of non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Glat Paul M. , Galiano Robert D. , Rasor Zachary L , Isaac Adam , Carter Marissa , Zelen Charles M.
Published: August 2022

The incidence and economic burden of diabetic foot ulcers continues to rise throughout the world. In this prospective study, a unique device designed to offload the wound, enhance circulation and monitor patient compliance was evaluated for safety and efficacy. The device provides offloading and intermittent plantar compression to improve the pedal flow of oxygenated blood and support wound healing while recording patient use. Ten patients with non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers UTgrade 1A/Wagner grade 1 were treated weekly for up to 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was complete wound closure at 12 weeks, and secondary endpoints included healing time, percent area reduction and changes in pain using the visual analogue pain scale. Eight out of ten wounds healed within 12 weeks(80%), and the mean healing time was 41 days(95% CI:24.3–58.3). The percent area reduction was 75(SD:53.9). The baseline visual analogue pain scale was 4.5(2.9) as compared with 3.3(3.4) at end of study. No device‐related or serious adverse events were reported. This unique intermediate plantar compression and offloading device may be considered as an alternative for safe and effective for treatment of non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers. During treatment, wound healing was significantly accelerated, and pain was improved. Larger randomised controlled trials are underway to validate these early findings.
Characterization of the stress distribution and evolution inside a thermal barrier coating after initial thermal cycles
Authors: Wang Zong , Zhang Yanheng , Wang Shuo , Wang Zhiyong , Qiu Wei , Qu Chuanyong
Published: August 2022

The residual stress introduced inside a thermal barrier coating (TBC) during manufacturing and service processes is one of the main causes of thermal barrier failure. The formation and evolution of internal stress in the TBC begin at the early stage of service, but studies on the mechanism of the distribution and evolution of the stress in the TBC during the initial thermal cycle are still lacking. To explore the evolution mechanism of the stress in the TBC interior, an experimental study on the regulation mechanism of the initial thermal cycle on the TBC internal stress was carried out in this paper. First, the internal stress of TBC specimens after thermal cycles was characterized based on photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) technologies, in which the homogenization of the near‐interface stress field was observed during the initial thermal cycle. Then, the evolution of the microstructure and phase structure of the TBC specimens was characterized. Finally, the phenomenological model of the evolution of the TBC internal structure was established, revealing that the initial thermal cycle regulated the microstructure of the top coating (TC) through phase transformation to realize the homogenization of the near‐interface stress field.
Prevalence, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urban environments
Authors: Ababneh Qutaiba , Abu Laila Sally , Jaradat Ziad
Published: August 2022

Aim

Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial pathogen that has been isolated from different clinical sources. This pathogen also causes community-acquired infections, with mortality rates as high as 64%. The exact natural habitat of this bacterium is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of A. baumannii in diverse soil and high-touch surface samples collected from a university campus, malls, parks, hypermarkets and produce markets, roundabout playground slides and bank ATMs.

Methods and Results

All obtained isolates were characterized for their antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacities, and were typed by multi-locus sequence analysis. A total of 63 A. baumannii isolates were recovered, along with 46 Acinetobacter pittii and 8 Acinetobacter nosocomialis isolates. Sequence typing revealed that 25 A. baumannii isolates are novel strains. Toilets and sink washing basins were the most contaminated surfaces, accounting for almost 50% of the isolates. A number of A. baumannii (n = 10), A. pittii (n = 19) and A. nosocomialis (n = 5) isolates were recovered from handles of shopping carts and baskets. The majority of isolates were strong biofilm formers and 4 isolates exhibited a multi-drug resistant phenotype.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to highlight community restrooms and shopping carts as potential reservoirs for pathogenic Acinetobacter species. Further studies are required to identify the reasons associated with the occurrence of A. baumannii inside restrooms. Proper disinfection of community environmental surfaces and spreading awareness about the importance of hand hygiene may prevent the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria within the community.

Significance and Impact of the study

Serious gaps remain in our knowledge of how A. baumannii spreads to cause disease. This study will advance our understanding of how this pathogen spreads between healthcare and community environments. In addition, our findings will help healthcare decision-makers implement better measures to control and limit further transmission of A. baumannii.
Rib cortical bone thickness variation in adults by age and sex
Authors: Holcombe Sven A. , Derstine Brian A.
Published: August 2022

Rib fractures are a common and serious outcome of blunt thoracic trauma and their likelihood is greater in older individuals. Osteoporotic bone loss is a well‐documented aging phenomenon with sex‐specific characteristics, but within rib bones, neither baseline maps of regional thickness nor the rates of bone thinning with age have been quantified across whole ribs. This study presents such data from 4014 ribs of 240 adult subjects aged 20–90. A validated cortical bone mapping technique was applied to clinical computed tomography scans to obtain local rib cortical bone thickness measurements over the surfaces of ribs 2 through 11. Regression models to age and sex gave rates of cortex thinning in local zones and aggregated across whole ribs. The statistical parametric mapping provided these relationships regionally as a function of rib surface location. All models showed significant reductions in bone thickness with age (p < 0.01). Average whole‐rib thinning occurred at between 0.011 to 0.032 mm/decade (males) and 0.035 to 0.043 mm/decade (females), with sex and age accounting for up to 37% of population variability (R2). Rates of thinning differed regionally and by rib, with the highest bone loss of up to 0.074 mm/decade occurring in mid‐rib cutaneous and superior regions of ribs 2–6. Rates were consistently higher in females than males (significantly so across whole ribs but not all local regions) and were more pronounced in cutaneous, superior, and inferior rib aspects (average 0.025 mm/decade difference in ribs 4–8) compared to pleural aspects which had the thickest cortices but saw only minor differences in thinning rates by sex (0.045 mm/decade for females and 0.040 mm/decade for males). Regional analysis showed male and female bone thickness differences that were not statistically significant at 20 years of age (p > 0.05 across practically all regions) but subsequent cortex thinning meant that substantial pleural and cutaneous regions were thinner (p < 0.05) in females than males by 55 years of age. The techniques and results from this study can be applied to assess rib bone content loss in clinical settings across wide populations. Additionally, average cortex thickness results can be mapped directly to finite element models of the thorax, and regression results are used to modify such models to represent the ribs of men and women across their full adult lifespan.
Stress behavior of an anterior single implant restored with high‐performance polymer abutments under immediate and delayed loading: A 3D FEA study
Authors: Diken Turksayar Almira Ada , Donmez Mustafa Borga
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the stress generated on peripheral bone, implant, and prosthetic components while using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) hybrid abutments in two different loading situations with nonlinear 3D finite element analysis.

Materials and methods

Standard tessellation language (STL) files of original components were used for the in‐silico modeling of implant, standard titanium abutment, and hybrid abutments (PEEK and PEKK). The implant was placed in the bone block to imitate immediate loading, in which a friction coefficient of 0.3 was set between the bone and the implant interface, or delayed loading, where the bone‐implant interface was assumed to be perfect. In all models, both a horizontal force (25.5 N) and a 30‐degree oblique force (178 N) were applied to the long axis of the implant to the palatal surface of the restoration. The stress distribution was evaluated.

Results

While more stress was observed in the prosthetic structures in the PEEK and PEKK models, the stresses on the implant and bone were similar in all models, regardless of the loading situation. Under immediate loading, PEEK hybrid abutments caused excessive stress accumulation on the titanium base abutment.

Conclusions

Even though abutment type did not affect the stresses on peripheral bone, PEEK and PEKK abutments generated greater stresses on the implant and the standard titanium abutment accumulated higher stresses. Oblique forces mostly generated greater stress than horizontal forces. Oblique forces on an immediately loaded implant led to stresses higher than the yield strength of a titanium implant when restored with PEEK hybrid abutment.
Effectiveness of Interventions for English Learners with Word Reading Difficulties: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Solari Emily J. , Kehoe Karen F. , Cho Eunsoo , Hall Colby , Vargas Isabel , Dahl‐Leonard Katlynn , Richmond Cassidi L. , Henry Alyssa R. , Cook Lysandra , Hayes Latisha , Conner Carlin
Published: August 2022

This study meta‐analyzed the last four decades (1980–2020) of reading intervention research focused on improving reading outcomes for English language (EL) students in Grades K–5 with or at risk for word reading difficulties. Experimental and quasi‐experimental group design and single‐case experimental design (SCED) studies were included; 10 group design and 7 SCED studies met inclusion criteria (m = 61; total student N = 2,270). Visual inspection of the effect size distribution revealed that the assumption of between‐study heterogeneity was not supported; therefore, the findings were synthesized for SCED studies separately from those reported in group design studies. Implications for practice, policy, and future research are discussed.
Interferon‐based treatment of chronic hepatitis D
Authors: Sandmann Lisa , Wedemeyer Heiner
Published: August 2022

Treatment of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection has been based on the administration of interferon‐alfa for more than three decades. First studies to treat HDV‐infected patients with type 1 interferons were already performed in the 1980s. Several smaller trials and case series were reported thereafter. During the mid 2000s the use of pegylated interferons for hepatitis D was established. Since then, additional trials were performed in different countries exploring strategies to personalize treatment including extended treatment durations. The overall findings were that about one‐quarter to one‐third of patients benefit from interferon treatment with persistent suppression of HDV replication. However, only few patients achieve also functional cure of hepatitis B with HBsAg loss. Importantly, several studies indicate that successful interferon treatment is associated with improved clinical long‐term outcomes. Still, only a proportion of patients with hepatitis D can be treated with interferons. Even though alternative treatments are currently developed, it is likely that pegylated interferon‐alfa will still have an important role in the management of hepatitis D – either alone or in combination. Therefore, better biomarkers are needed to select patients with a high likelihood to benefit from interferon‐based treatments. In this review we are discussing basic principles of mode of action of interferon alpha against HDV, summarize previous data on interferon treatment of hepatitis D and give an outlook on potential combinations with novel drugs currently in development.
Association between parasite microbiomes and caste development and colony structure in a social trematode
Authors: Jorge Fátima , Dheilly Nolwenn M. , Froissard Céline , Poulin Robert
Published: August 2022

Division of labour through the formation of morphologically and functionally distinct castes is a recurring theme in the evolution of animal sociality. The mechanisms driving the differentiation of individuals into distinct castes remain poorly understood, especially for animals forming clonal colonies. We test the association between microbiomes and caste formation within the social trematode Philophthalmus attenuatus, using a metabarcoding approach targeting the bacterial 16S SSU rRNA gene. Clonal colonies of this trematode within snail hosts comprise large reproductive individuals which produce dispersal stages, and small, non‐reproducing soldiers which defend the colony against invaders. In colonies extracted directly from field‐collected snails, reproductives harboured more diverse bacterial communities than soldiers, and reproductives and soldiers harboured distinct bacterial communities, at all taxonomic levels considered. No single bacterial taxon showed high enough prevalence in either soldiers or reproductives to be singled out as a key driver, indicating that the whole microbial community contributes to these differences. Other colonies were experimentally exposed to antibiotics to alter their bacterial communities, and sampled shortly after treatment and weeks later after allowing for turnover of colony members. At those time points, bacterial communities of the two castes still differed across all antibiotic treatments; however, the caste ratio within colonies changed: after antibiotic disruption and turnover of individuals, new individuals were more likely to become reproductives than in undisturbed control colonies. Our results reveal that each caste has a distinct microbiome; whether the social context affects the microbiota, or whether microbes contribute to modulating the phenotype of individuals, remains to be determined.
Coexisting lipomatous meningioma and glioblastoma in Cowden syndrome: A unique tumor association
Authors: Prieto Ruth , Hofecker Verena , Corbacho Cesáreo
Published: August 2022

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a rare hereditary hamartoma‐cancer disorder related to germline mutations in the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene. Association of CS with intracranial tumors, apart from Lhermitte‐Duclos disease (LDD), is not well recognized. We present an exceptional instance of concomitant meningioma and glioblastoma in CS, the first case ever reported. Following a new‐onset seizure, a 62‐year‐old male harboring the PTEN gene germline mutation c.334C > G was diagnosed with multiple brain tumors, which were erroneously thought to correspond to metastases. Because no primary cancer was found, an operation was proposed for histopathological diagnosis. Examination of surgical specimens obtained from the two lesions removed, one extra‐axial and the other intracerebral, demonstrated a metaplastic meningioma with a lipomatous appearance and an isocitrate dehydrogenase wild‐type glioblastoma, respectively. Loss of the PTEN gene expression was demonstrated immunohistochemically in both lesions, a finding that supports their relation to CS. A thorough literature review revealed only 25 additional CS patients with intracranial tumors other than LDD. All of them corresponded to primary lesions, with meningiomas accounting for 76% of the cases (19 patients), followed by pituitary tumors (three cases) and glioblastomas (two patients from the same family). Our report and literature review highlight the association between CS and primary brain tumors rather than metastasis. For judicious management of a CS patient with multiple intracranial tumors, different primary brain pathological entities should also be suspected first before considering metastasis. Close neurological monitoring and brain magnetic resonance imaging are advocated as part of the cancer screening in CS patients, particularly in cases with a family history of intracranial tumors.
Epitranscriptomic mRNA modifications governing plant stress responses: underlying mechanism and potential application
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Cai Jing , Xu Tao , Kang Hunseung
Published: August 2022

Plants inevitably encounter environmental adversities, including abiotic and biotic stresses, which significantly impede plant growth and reduce crop yield. Thus, fine‐tuning the fate and function of stress‐responsive RNAs is indispensable for plant survival under such adverse conditions. Recently, post‐transcriptional RNA modifications have been studied as a potent route to regulate plant gene expression under stress. Among over 160 mRNA modifications identified to date, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNAs is notable because of its multifaceted roles in plant development and stress response. Recent transcriptome‐wide mapping has revealed the distribution and patterns of m6A in diverse stress‐responsive mRNAs in plants, building a foundation for elucidating the molecular link between m6A and stress response. Moreover, the identification and characterization of m6A writers, readers and erasers in Arabidopsis and other model crops have offered insights into the biological roles of m6A in plant abiotic stress responses. Here, we review the recent progress of research on mRNA modifications, particularly m6A, and their dynamics, distribution, regulation and biological functions in plant stress responses. Further, we posit potential strategies for breeding stress‐tolerant crops by engineering mRNA modifications and propose the future direction of research on RNA modifications to gain a much deeper understanding of plant stress biology.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria in Ionic Environments Using the Photosensitizer SAPYR and the Chelator Citrate†
Authors: Eckl Daniel B. , Landgraf Nicole , Hoffmann Anja K. , Eichner Anja , Huber Harald , Bäumler Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Many studies show that photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a powerful tool for the fight against pathogenic, multiresistant bacteria and the closing of hygiene gaps. However, PDI studies have been frequently performed under standardized in vitro conditions comprising artificial laboratory settings. Under real‐life conditions, however, PDI encounters substances like ions, proteins, amino acids and fatty acids, potentially hampering the efficacy of PDI to an unpredictable extent. Thus, we investigated PDI with the phenalene‐1‐one‐based photosensitizer SAPYR against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions, which are ubiquitous in potential fields of PDI applications like in tap water or on tissue surfaces. The addition of citrate should elucidate the potential as a chelator. The results indicate that PDI is clearly affected by such ubiquitous ions depending on its concentration and the type of bacteria. The application of citrate enhanced PDI, especially for Gram‐negative bacteria at certain ionic concentrations (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2: 7.5 to 75 mmol L−1). Citrate also improved PDI efficacy in tap water (especially for Gram‐negative bacteria) and synthetic sweat solution (especially for Gram‐positive bacteria). In conclusion, the use of chelating agents like citrate may facilitate the application of PDI under real‐life conditions.
“It Wasn't Like a Big Light Bulb Moment”: Factors that Contribute to Changing Minds on Climate Change
Authors: Haltinner Kristin , Sarathchandra Dilshani , Ziegler Amber , Stuart Randolph
Published: August 2022

This article uses interview data with people who were once skeptical about climate change but have come to accept climate science to assess the factors that contribute to their shifts in perspectives. Our findings show two trajectories of change for skeptics, depending on the nature of their skepticism. For those who move from actively denying climate change, shifting beliefs about climate change occur via a profound need to reconcile what emerges as cognitive dissonance due to challenges to their religious identities. For skeptics who move from being unsure about climate change, moving to accept climate science happens through either encountering new information from a trusted source or personally observing the effects of climate change. This extends existing scholarship on the factors that contribute to changing minds on climate change.
The Stories We Tell: Colorblind Racism, Classblindness, and Narrative Framing in the Rural Midwest☆
Authors: Gonzales Teresa Irene , Thissell Elizabeth M. , Thorat Soumitra
Published: August 2022

The stories we tell about ourselves and our communities have the power to impact perceptions of marginalized communities, both positively and negatively. Narratives affect how people view themselves, their town, and other members of their community and thus shape personal interactions, local culture, social situations, and even decisions about allocation of resources. When those stories are rooted in discursive frames—what we can understand as the links between ideology and narrative—they can also perpetuate and reify power inequities. Within rural America, local elites and residents alike use narratives and discursive framing to erase or exclude communities of color and, at times, poor whites in unique ways. This happens through explicit and willful ignorance of narratives of difference that could both complicate normative assumptions and highlight histories of dispossession within rural towns. Drawing on 30 interviews and 12 months of ethnography in the midwestern town of Moses, we provide a case study that demonstrates how narratives perpetuated by both decision makers and residents, across racial and class backgrounds, are rooted in colorblind racism and classblindness regarding African Americans, Mexican Americans, and poor whites. These narratives frame perceptions of residents and neighborhoods, influence town‐level decisions, and erase local histories.
The COVID‐19 pandemic, mask‐wearing, and emotion recognition during late‐childhood
Authors: Chester Maia , Plate Rista C. , Powell Tralucia , Rodriguez Yuheiry , Wagner Nicholas J. , Waller Rebecca
Published: August 2022

Face masks are an effective and important tool to prevent the spread of COVID‐19, including among children. However, occluding parts of the face can impact emotion recognition, which is fundamental to effective social interactions. Social distancing, stress, and changes to routines because of the pandemic have also altered the social landscape of children, with implications for social development. To better understand how social input and context impact emotion recognition, the current study investigated emotion recognition in children (7–12 years old, N = 131) using images of both masked and unmasked emotional faces. We also assessed a subsample of participants (“pre‐pandemic subsample,” n = 35) who had completed the same emotion recognition task with unmasked faces before and during the pandemic. Masking of faces was related to worse emotion recognition, with more pronounced effects for happy, sad, and fearful faces than angry and neutral faces. Masking was more strongly related to emotion recognition among children whose families reported greater social disruption in response to the pandemic. Finally, in the pre‐pandemic subsample, emotion recognition of sad faces was lower during versus before the pandemic relative to other emotions. Together, findings show that occluding face parts and the broader social context (i.e., global pandemic) both impact emotion‐relevant judgments in school‐aged children.
Identification of the novel HLA allele, HLA‐DRB1*14:245, in an individual from Northern India
Authors: Parsaniya Bansi S. , Pinto Andrea S. , Tambe Manisha , D'Silva Selma Z. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: August 2022

HLA‐DRB1*14:245 differs from DRB1*14:54:01:01 by one nucleotide change in gDNA at position 7898 in exon 3.
Cumulative mean fluorescent intensities of HLA specific antibodies predict antibody mediated rejections after kidney transplantation
Authors: Heinemann Falko Markus , Lindemann Monika , Keles Deniz , Witzke Oliver , Kribben Andreas , Baba Hideo Andreas , Becker Jan Ulrich , Heinold Andreas , Horn Peter Alexander , Eisenberger Ute
Published: August 2022

It is still not fully elucidated which pretransplant donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are harmful after kidney transplantation. In particular, it needs to be clarified whether cumulative mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) against multiple HLA specificities have a predictive value for allograft function. Our retrospective single centre study analyzed preformed HLA antibodies determined by Luminex™ Single Antigen Bead (SAB) assay, including C1q addition, in relation to rejection and clinical outcome in 255 cross match negative kidney allograft recipients. Only 33 recipients (13%) of the total cohort showed early AMR during the first year posttransplant, but in patients with pre‐transplant DSA the rate was increased to 15 out of 40 (38%). Three year graft survival was significantly shorter in patients with histological signs of AMR compared with patients without AMR or with no biopsy (74%, 92%, and 97%, respectively, p < 0.0001). In patients with HLA‐DSA, a cumulative MFI value of all HLA antibodies of more than 103.000 indicated the highest risk for AMR posttransplant (p = 0.01). In conclusion, in patients with HLA‐DSA, the cumulative MFI value may help to further stratify the risk of AMR after kidney transplantation.
Exploring temporal and spatial reliability of individual activity space measurements using massive mobile phone data
Authors: Xiong Qiangqiang , Liu Yaolin , Xing Lijun , Xie Peng , Liu Yanfang
Published: August 2022

The concept of activity spaces is widely used in various research fields, but the reliability issues of individual activity space measurements remain underexplored. In this study, we develop a modified individual activity space measurement using massive mobile phone data for a month, called the weighted confidence ellipse (WCE), to quantitatively explore the reliability issues. According to the empirical results, we determine that using individual activity–travel data accumulated over a period of at least 2 weeks to measure individual activity spaces is relatively reliable in time. If considering the independence between workdays and days‐off, individual activity–travel information for day‐offs is necessary to exceed 2 weeks. In addition, the spatial reliability of individual activity space measurements demonstrates obvious spatial continuity and heterogeneity. Spatial location is the key factor affecting individual activity space measurements, and the impacts of the separation effects of residence and workplace may deserve attention, especially in the areas with a single urban spatial structure or urban function. This study can help us to improve knowledge on the temporal and spatial reliability of individual activity space measurements, so as to provide some references for studies on related research issues.
NUCLEAR TRANSPORT FACTOR 2‐LIKE improves drought tolerance by modulating leaf water loss in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Luo Dong , Liu Jie , Wu Yuguo , Zhang Xi , Zhou Qiang , Fang Longfa , Liu Zhipeng
Published: August 2022

Drought is a major environmental factor that limits the production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). In the present study, M. sativa NUCLEAR TRANSPORT FACTOR 2‐LIKE (MsNTF2L) was identified as a nucleus‐, cytoplasm‐, and plasma membrane‐localized protein. Its transcriptional expression was highly induced by ABA and drought stress. Overexpression of MsNTF2L in Arabidopsis resulted in hypersensitivity to ABA during both the seed germination and seedling growth stages. However, transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the expression of stress/ABA‐inducible genes. Consistently, analysis of MsNTF2L overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) alfalfa plants revealed that MsNTF2L confers drought tolerance through promoting ROS scavenging, a decrease in stomatal density, ABA‐induced stomatal closure, and epicuticular wax crystal accumulation. MsNTF2L highly affected epicuticular wax deposition, as a large group of wax biosynthesis and transport genes were influenced in the alfalfa OE and RNAi lines. Furthermore, transcript profiling of drought‐treated alfalfa WT, OE, and RNAi plants showed a differential drought response for genes related to stress/ABA signaling, antioxidant defense, and photosynthesis. Taken together, these results reveal that MsNTF2L confers drought tolerance in alfalfa via modulation of leaf water loss (by regulating both stomata and wax deposition), antioxidant defense, and photosynthesis.
Detection of allergic transfusion‐related adverse events from electronic medical records
Authors: Whitaker Barbee , Pizarro Jeno , Deady Matthew , Williams Alan , Ezzeldin Hussein , Belov Artur , Kanderian Sami , Billings Douglas , Cook Kerry , Hettinger Aaron Z. , Anderson Steven
Published: August 2022

Background

Transfusion‐related adverse events can be unrecognized and unreported. As part of the US Food and Drug Administration's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Biologics Effectiveness and Safety initiative, we explored whether machine learning methods, such as natural language processing (NLP), can identify and report transfusion allergic reactions (ARs) from electronic health records (EHRs).

Study Design and Methods

In a 4‐year period, all 146 reported transfusion ARs were pulled from a database of 86,764 transfusions in an academic health system, along with a random sample of 605 transfusions without reported ARs. Structured and unstructured EHR data were retrieved, including demographics, new symptoms, medications, and lab results. In unstructured data, evidence from clinicians' notes, test results, and prescriptions fields identified transfusion ARs, which were used to extract NLP features. Clinician reviews of selected validation cases assessed and confirmed model performance.

Results

Clinician reviews of selected validation cases yielded a sensitivity of 67.9% and a specificity of 97.5% at a threshold of 0.9, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 84%, estimated to 4.5% when extrapolated to match transfusion AR incidence in the full transfusion dataset. A higher threshold achieved sensitivity of 43% with specificity/PPV of 100% in our validation set. Essential features predicting ARs were recognized transfusion reactions, administration of antihistamines or glucocorticoids, and skin symptoms (e.g., hives and itching). Removal of NLP features decreased model performance.

Discussion

NLP algorithms can identify transfusion reactions from the EHR with a reasonable level of precision for subsequent clinician review and confirmation.
Teaching veterinary surgical skills: Comparison of massed versus spaced instruction
Authors: Banse Heidi E. , Baker Rose E. , Domaracki Cullen , McCauley Charles , Duhon Brandy , Grandt Beth , Jackson Kate , Spangler Dawn M. , Hunt Julie A.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the effect of massed instruction (MI) versus spaced instruction (SI) of veterinary surgical skills on students' cognitive load and skill retention.

Study design

Prospective randomized cohort study

Study population

First‐year veterinary students from Louisiana State University (LSU; n = 47) and Lincoln Memorial University (LMU; n = 101).

Methods

Students were randomized to MI (two skills in a single session of twice the duration) or SI (one skill per session on two consecutive days). Instructors, instructional ratio, and total educational time was equivalent. Following instruction, students completed a cognitive load questionnaire and underwent a structured assessment immediately after (LMU only), 1 day after, and 3‐4 weeks after learning the second skill. Students completed two supervised practice sessions one and 2 weeks after the initial laboratory session(s).

Results

Overall cognitive load did not differ between groups (p > .05), although LMUs MI group reported higher physical and time demands, effort, and frustration. At initial assessment, SI students scored higher than MI students for the first skill at both LSU (mean checklist score = 27.7 vs. mean = 24; p = .004) and LMU (mean global rating score = 4.76 vs. mean = 4.55; p = .029). Differences between groups were no longer evident by 3–4 weeks after instruction.

Conclusion

SI may lead to improved immediate performance; however, supervised practice was sufficient to overcome the initial disparity.

Clinical significance

SI may be beneficial for initial skill performance. However, SI and MI students had similar performance after 3 weeks, suggesting the more convenient curricular design of MI may be sufficient as long as practice sessions are incorporated.
Discussion on: “Bioconvection of a Radiating Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Thin Needle in the Presence of Heterogeneous–Homogeneous Chemical Reaction, Puneeth, V., Manjunatha, S., Makinde, O. D., Gireesha, B. J., 2021, ASME J. Heat Transfer-Trans. ASME., 143(4), p. 042502”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios
Published: August 2022

Some typographical and serious errors exist in the above paper.
Comprehensive Review of Heat Transfer Correlations of Supercritical CO2 in Straight Tubes Near the Critical Point: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Lopes Nicholas C. , Chao Yang , Dasarla Vinusha , Sullivan Neil P. , Ricklick Mark A. , Boetcher Sandra K. S.
Published: August 2022

An exhaustive review was undertaken to assemble all available correlations for supercritical CO2 in straight, round tubes of any orientation, with special attention paid to how the wildly varying fluid properties near the critical point are handled. The assemblage of correlations, along with subsequent discussion, is presented from a historical perspective, starting from pioneering work on the topic in the 1950s to the modern day. Despite the growing sophistication of sCO2 heat transfer correlations, modern correlations are still only generally applicable over a relatively small range of operating conditions, and there has not been a substantial increase in predictive capabilities. Recently, researchers have turned to machine learning as a tool for next-generation heat transfer prediction. An overview of the state-of-the-art predicting sCO2 heat transfer using machine learning methods, such as artificial neural networks, is also presented.
Thermal Modeling of Patient-Specific Breast Cancer With Physics-Based Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Perez-Raya I. , Kandlikar S. G.
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer among women. It is associated with increased heat generation due to higher metabolism in the tumor and increased blood vessels resulting from angiogenesis. The thermal alterations result in a change in the breast surface temperature profile. Infrared imaging is an FDA-approved adjunctive to mammography, which employs the surface temperature alterations in detecting cancer. To apply infrared imaging in clinical settings, it is necessary to develop effective techniques to model the relation between the tumor characteristics and the breast surface temperatures. The present work describes the thermal modeling of breast cancer with physics-informed neural networks. Losses are assigned to random points in the domain based on the boundary conditions and governing equations that should be satisfied. The Adam optimizer in TensorFlow minimizes the losses to find the temperature field or thermal conductivity that satisfies the boundary conditions and the bioheat equation. Backpropagation computes the derivatives in the bioheat equation. Analyses of the three patient-specific cases show that the machine-learning model accurately reproduces the thermal behavior given by ansys-fluent simulation. Also, good agreement between the model prediction and the infrared images is observed. Moreover, the neural network accurately recovers the thermal conductivity within 6.5% relative error.
Thermodynamic Assessment of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in High-Volume Hydrogen Gas Turbines in Combined Cycle Mode
Authors: Ravelli Silvia
Published: August 2022

To reach net-zero while ensuring grid reliability and resiliency, gas turbine (GT) technology has a place for years to come. However, shifting to low-carbon fuels, such as hydrogen, is the key to maintain positive returns in combined cycle (CC) power plants. By recirculating a fraction of the exhaust gas exiting the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) back to the inlet of a natural gas (NG) and hydrogen cofired GT, the gas flow passing through the compressor and entering the combustor has a reduced oxygen concentration thus lowering flame temperature, hence NOx formation. Hydrogen reactivity is then turned into a benefit since the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate can be higher than that with NG, without facing flame stability issues. In light of this, a thermodynamic assessment of EGR effects on a 2 × 1 large-scale CC is presented considering GT with hydrogen capability up to 65%. The impact of partially replacing NG with hydrogen on GT behavior and overall CC performance was first evaluated at both full and part load, with no EGR. Then EGR was simulated for a rate up to 0.5 for different fuel mixtures, under the assumptions of GT inlet flow at low (ISO) and high (up to 47 °C) temperature. The analysis was again carried out at full and part load. In the latter case, EGR was exploited to improve CC efficiency at very low loads. For each scenario, CO2 emission intensity was computed thus highlighting the environmental benefits of hydrogen-NG blends.
Synthesis of Methanol From a Chemical Looping Syngas for the Decarbonization of the Power Sector
Authors: Palone Orlando , Hoxha Arian , Gagliardi Gabriele Guglielmo , Di Gruttola Francesca , Stendardo Stefano , Borello Domenico
Published: August 2022

One promising pathway for carbon capture and utilization is represented by the coupling of chemical looping cycles with liquid fuel synthesis processes. Methanol is an interesting fuel for gas turbines engines, due to its potential reduction of NOX and particulate emissions along with the absence of SO2 emissions. In this work, methanol production from the syngas generated by a three-reactors chemical looping process is investigated by mass and energy balances. The cycle is composed by a reducer reactor, where Fe2O3 is reduced to FeO by the injection of a reducing agent; an oxidizer reactor, where FeO reacts with CO2 and H2O to produce a syngas; an air reactor, where Fe3O4 is regenerated to Fe2O3 by ambient air. The produced syngas is then sent to a methanol synthesis plant. Several syngas compositions deriving from different CO2/(H2O+ CO2) molar fractions (1–3) at the oxidizer inlet are taken into account. The resulting methanol flow rates are almost equal in all investigated configurations (about 0.35 t/h). From an energy standpoint, the required electric power is greater for higher hydrogen mole fractions in the syngas. However, the case with 75% H2 content is characterized by the greatest methanol yield (12.6%), carbon efficiency (23%) and a high feed/recirculation ratio (0.80), thus representing the most indicated configuration among the investigated ones. Finally, by burning methanol in a gas turbine, the total CO2 emissions are halved with respect to the case without the system (if the CO2 associated with biogenic carbon in the reducer reactor is considered as net-zero).