bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creatividad vs motivación
Authors: Molina Legaz Roque
Published: April 2020

En esta ponencia tratamos de reflexionar sobre si existen determinadas técnicas de enseñanza que podrían considerar como creativas, de manera que el profesor que las utilice, es decir el profesor creativo (entendiendo por el mismo aquel que es capaz tanto de fomentar la creatividad en sus alumnos como de aumentar el interés por su asignatura utilizando estas técnicas) pueda contribuir a un incremento de la motivación de sus alumnos en sus asignaturas, y con ello aumentar el éxito al cursar las mismas. Para ello vamos a intentar dar respuesta a algunas cuestiones que nos planteamos a lo largo de este trabajo, como son: ¿Qué es la creatividad? ¿Se puede educar para la creatividad matemática? ¿Somos profesores creativos? ¿Cuáles son las mejoras técnicas para educar con creatividad así como para aumentar la creatividad en nuestros alumnos? Y todas estas cuestiones intentaremos responderlas desde un punto de vista de la docencia universitaria de asignaturas de Matemáticas.
¿Hay sitio para la Geometría Sintética en los Grados en Matemáticas del siglo XXI?
Authors: Costa Antonio F.
Published: April 2020

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Talleres motivacionales en la enseñanza de Estadística Básica
Authors: Castillo-Gutiérrez Sonia , Estudillo-Martínez María Dolores , Frías-Bustamante María del Pilar , Ruiz-Fuentes Nuria
Published: April 2020

En numerosas titulaciones encontramos que aparecen asignaturas de Estadística dentro del bloque de Materias Básicas. Se trata de asignaturas fundamentales para las diferentes titulaciones, ya que en ellas se proporcionan herramientas e instrumentos que serán de gran utilidad para el desarrollo profesional de los estudiantes, aunque se trate de diferentes grados, como Trabajo Social, Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos o Turismo, donde el contenido es similar, aunque el ámbito sugiera distintas situaciones de aplicación. Dicha asignatura de Estadística básica supone generalmente un bloqueo para el alumnado, ya que al no poseer una base matemática demasiado fuerte, se enfrenta a dicha asignatura con temor. En este trabajo se expone la experiencia realizada para enfocar la asignatura de Estadística en titulaciones que no son de ciencias y tecnología, de una manera más amigable, mediante el desarrollo de talleres que se han realizado a lo largo del cuatrimestre en el que se imparte la asignatura, para favorecer la adquisición de las competencias asignadas a las asignaturas. En concreto, se exponen cinco talleres motivacionales realizados en la mayoría de los casos mediante el uso de objetos manipulables, con los que se han conseguido reducir el nivel de abstracción de algunos conceptos teóricos fundamentales, aplicados a la parte de Estadística Descriptiva, Probabilidad e Inferencia Estadística. Según el alumnado encuestado tras la aplicación de los talleres motivacionales, ha sido conseguido el objetivo de aumentar la motivación por la asignatura.
Recommendations for the response against COVID-19 in migratory contexts under a closed border: The case of Colombia
Authors: Fernández-Niño Julián Alfredo , Cubillos Andrés , Bojórquez Ietza , Rodríguez Michael
Published: April 2020

Despite the positive response of Colombia’s health system to the arrival of Venezuelan migrants, the new challenges that accompany the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered a closed-borders response that runs the risk of encouraging a negative view of migrants and increasing their health risks.This manuscript discusses the recommendations that could be proposed in the case of a country with limited resources such as Colombia to respond to the needs of the Venezuelan mixed migrant flows.
Molecular clocks, biogeography and species diversity inHerichthyswith evaluation of the role of Punta del Morro as a vicariant brake along the Mexican Transition Zone in the context of local and global time frame of cichlid diversification
Authors: Pérez-Miranda Fabian , Mejia Omar , López Benjamín , Říčan Oldřich
Published: April 2020

Using molecular dated phylogenies and biogeographic reconstructions, the species diversity, biogeography and time frame of evolution of the genusHerichthyswere evaluated. In particular, we test the role of Punta del Morro (PdM) as a vicariant brake along the Mexican Transition Zone in the context of local and global time frame of cichlid diversification using several sets of calibrations. Species diversity inHerichthysis complex and the here employed dating methods suggest young age and rapid divergence for many species while species delimitation methods did not resolve these young species including both sympatric species pairs. Based on our molecular clock dating analyses,Herichthyshas colonized its present distribution area significantly prior to the suggested vicariance by PdM (10–17.1 Ma vs. 5 to 7.5 Ma). The PdM constraint is in conflict with all other paleogeographic and fossil constraints including novel ones introduced in this study that are, however, congruent among each other. Our study demonstrates that any cichlid datings significantly older or younger than the bounds presented by our analyses and discussion have to be taken as highly questionable from the point of view of Middle American paleogeography and cichlid biogeography unless we allow the option that cichlid biogeography is completely independent from ecological and geological constraints.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA METODOLOGIA DOS TRÊS MOMENTOS PEDAGÓGICOS NO ENSINO DO EMPREENDEDORISMO
Authors: Nascimento-Fadel Valdiza Maria do , Frasson-Costa Priscila Caroza
Published: April 2020

Tendo em vista que o ensino tradicional não atende mais integralmente as necessidades de aprendizagem, este artigo apresenta uma investigação sobre a abordagem metodológica dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos contextualizados no componente curricular de Gestão Empreendedora e Inovação do Curso Técnico em Administração Integrado ao Médio. O objetivo foi averiguar as contribuições que essa metodologia de ensino promove para a aprendizagem significativa dos alunos. A coleta e a análise dos dados deram-se de forma qualitativa, a partir da observação direta durante o desenvolvimento das atividades propostas. Após o desenvolvimento da metodologia verificamos se os alunos identificaram o planejamento empresarial e o plano de negócios como ferramentas de transformação da própria realidade econômica e social.
A ARTE DE ENSINAR E DE APRENDER NO ENSINO MÉDICO
Authors: Zimmermann Marlene Harger , Silveira Rosemari Monteiro Castilho Foggiatto , Gomes Ricardo Zanetti
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo apresenta-se um diagnóstico sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem que ocorre no curso de Medicina de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa envolvendo 22 docentes e 20 discentes. Coleta de dados deu-se por entrevista semiestruturada, individual, gravada e transcrita. Análise dos dados foi por meio da análise de conteúdo surgindo cinco categorias. Os principais resultados mostram que a falta de domínio pedagógico gera ansiedade ao formador o qual procura imitar seus professores da graduação na sua ação docente. Os docentes percebem a necessidade de formação pedagógica. A percepção dos alunos é que, principalmente, o internato destaca-se na ampliação e solidificação do aprendizado, porém, alguns podem ainda sofrer ajustes quanto a supervisão e a demanda.
Observation of a Negative Thermal Hysteresis in Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymers
Authors: Liu Yang , Haibibu Aziguli , Xu Wenhan , Han Zhubing , Wang Qing
Published: April 2020

Hysteresis phenomena, including both electrical and thermal types, are essential to ferroelectric materials. The former, known as polarization‐electric field hysteresis, has been intensively studied in a wide range of ferroelectric materials. However, relevant experimental evidence on thermal hysteresis remains limited, especially in ferroelectric polymers, even though thermal hysteresis is crucial to the caloric effect, which is usually the largest near the phase transition. Here, the thermal hysteresis behavior in ferroelectric polymers is studied in terms of temperature‐dependent polarization upon heating and cooling. In contrast to common belief, a negative thermal hysteresis is observed in relaxor ferroelectric polymers, which is probably due to local stabilization of ferroelectric distortion induced by electric field. Using the polymer blend as a platform, it is further shown that the negative thermal hysteresis arises at the disappearance of long‐range ferroelectric distortion and the thermal hysteresis behavior may be effectively controlled through the blend approach. This study not only provides deeper insights into electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric polymers but also offers an approach to study the critical phenomenon in a ferroelectric system.
Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes: An Effective Arsenal for the Purification of Emulsified Oily Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Jichao , Liu Lifang , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: April 2020

Oil spills and the release of oily sewage from domestic and industrial activities have not only imposed a huge threat to all living beings in the ecosystem but have also exacerbated water scarcity. To address such issues, the development of advanced materials and technologies for the purification of emulsified oily wastewater has garnered great concern and become a central topic. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes with intriguing advantages, including tunable wettability, diverse structures, good connectivity, and ease of scalable production, have generated significant interest and are showing great promise for treating emulsified oily wastewater. Here, a systematic overview of the rational design and controlled fabrication of nanofibrous membranes toward the separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions is given. Some design considerations about the fabrication of membranes for emulsion separation are presented as a starting point for the discussion. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes with desirable wettability and rational structure are then introduced and classified as polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid membranes in terms of raw material components. The different design concepts, fabrication strategies, and performance characteristics of each type are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, significant properties are presented, which are required by membranes in practical applications. Finally, the challenges and future development trends in this field are highlighted.
Albumin‐Mediated Delivery of Bioactive Peptides for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Du Yue , Shang Boyang , Yi Hongfei , Yuan Yongliang , Zhen Yongsu , Xu Jian
Published: April 2020

Bioactive peptides are promising agents for therapeutic applications; however, their small size leads to poor stability, low bioavailability, and rapid renal clearance, so the widespread use is limited. To address these issues, fusing or conjugating peptides to suitable molecular scaffolds is required. Here, human serum albumin (HSA) is used as a delivery carrier for human β‐defensin‐2 peptide (HBD2) in production of HSA‐delivered defensin complex (ADDC) to facilitate its cellular uptake and transport to intracellular targets. Fusion or conjugation can improve the stability of HBD2, as well as extend its circulation time and promote its accumulation in tumors, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, ADDC functions as a protective structure against the harsh external environment and serves as a passive tumor‐targeting agent. The data show that the combination of ADDC with clinically relevant drugs, such as Doxorubicin, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Cetuximab, significantly increases the cytotoxicity of ADDC toward human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis also reveals that ADDC may affect the metabolic processes, gene transcription, and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, ADDC exhibits tumor‐specific targeting capability, low systemic toxicity, and enhanced antitumor efficacy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer.
Simultaneous determination of TUG‐891 and its metabolites in rat plasma using LC–HRMS with application to preclinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yi Jiping , Chen Bin , Bao Yongzheng , Wang Jingyu
Published: April 2020

In this study, a simple and reliable LC–MS/MS method was first proposed for the simultaneous determination of TUG‐891 and its metabolites TUG‐891‐alcohol, TUG‐891‐aldehyde, and TUG‐891‐acid in rat plasma. The analytes and fasiglifam (internal standard) were extracted from plasma samples with acetonitrile and separated using an Acquity BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) with water containing 0.05% ammonium hydroxide and acetonitrile containing 0.05% ammonium hydroxide as the mobile phase. A Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer in full‐scan mode was used for mass detection, and the data analysis was obtained using a mass extraction window of 5 ppm. The calibration curves exhibited excellent linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9981) in the concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 11.31%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.50 to 9.50%. The extraction recovery of the analytes from rat plasma was greater than 82.31%, and no obvious matrix effect was found. The established method was further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of TUG‐891, TUG‐891‐alcohol, TUG‐891‐aldehyde, and TUG‐891‐acid in rat after a single dose of 5‐mg/kg treatment of TUG‐891. The results demonstrated that TUG‐891 was rapidly metabolized into its metabolites and the systemic exposures of the metabolites were much higher than those of TUG‐891.
PLK2 modulation of enriched TAp73 affects osteogenic differentiation and prognosis in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Wenhu , Zhang Xianliao , Xi Xinhua , Li Yufa , Quan Hong , Liu Shifeng , Wu Liqi , Wu Penghuan , Lan Wenxing , Shao Yongjun , Li Haomiao , Chen Kebing , Hu Zhengbo
Published: April 2020

There are three subtypes of undifferentiated human conventional osteosarcoma (HCOS): osteoblastic osteosarcoma (OOS), chondroblastic osteosarcoma (COS), and fibroblastic osteosarcoma (FOS). HCOS also exhibits heterogeneous pathological maldifferentiation in individual patients. Currently, the mechanism regulating HCOS differentiation remains unclear, and therapies are ineffective. Osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) are markers of osteoblast maturation, and their expression is inhibited in HCOS. A previous study found that PLK2 inhibited TAp73 phosphorylation and consequent anti‐OS function of TAp73 in OS cells with enriched TAp73. TAp73 was also reported to regulate bone cell calcification. Here, OOS was found to have higher TAp73 levels and PLK2 expression than those in COS, which is correlated with HCOS maldifferentiation according to Spearman analysis and affects patient prognosis according to Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. In the conventional OS cell‐line Saos2 and in patient‐derived xenograft OS (PDX‐OS) cells, increased PLK2 expression owing to abundant TAp73 levels affected OPN and OCN content as measured by RT‐PCR and Western blotting, and alizarin red staining showed that PLK2 affected calcium deposition in OS cells. In addition, PLK2 inhibition in PDX‐OS cells prohibited clone formation, as indicated by a clonogenic assay, and sensitized OS cells to cisplatin (CDDP) (which consequently limited proliferation), as shown by the CCK‐8 assay. In an established PDX animal model with abundant TAp73 levels, PLK2 inhibition or CDDP treatment prevented tumor growth and prolonged median survival. The combined therapeutic effect of PLK2 inhibition with CDDP treatment was better than that of either monotherapy. These results indicate that increased PLK2 levels due to enriched TAp73 affect osteogenic differentiation and maturation and OS prognosis. In conclusion, PLK2 is a potential target for differentiation therapy of OS with enriched TAp73.
Using digital impressions to fabricate space maintainers: A case report
Authors: Vij Akshay A. , Reddy Avanija
Published: April 2020

Digital impressions improve patient experience and compliance. Digital impressions enable dental offices to collaborate and work with distant dental laboratories and specialists with ease. Although the initial cost of acquiring an intraoral scanner is significant, its use has the potential to reduce the cost per procedure.
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization 4.0 for a Distillation Column
Authors: Asprion Norbert
Published: April 2020

Simulation is besides experimentation a key technology in design, analysis and operation of distillation columns. The reliability of simulations to answer questions concerning the real process strongly depends on model quality, which needs to be reliable and predictive. Usually available plant data can be used to validate and if necessary, to improve the model. In this contribution challenges and opportunities of a continuous model improvement in a flowsheet simulator with emphasis on new possibilities triggered by digitalization will be discussed.
Removal of Selected Micropollutants from Synthetic Wastewater by Electrooxidation Using Oxidized Titanium and Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Turan Nouha Bakaraki , Çaglak Abdulkadir , Bakirdere Sezgin , Engin Güleda Önkal
Published: April 2020

Micropollutants cover a variety of compounds that mainly originate from the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. Even at trace concentrations, the discharge of micropollutants into water bodies pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Their removal from wastewaters at treatment plants before their discharge into the environment has become one of the leading topics of research. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods have been listed in the literature for efficient removal of a variety of pollutants. In this study, seven micropollutants, namely 4‐tert‐octylphenol, atrazine, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, fluoxetine, estrone, penconazole, and di‐n‐octyl phthalate, are spiked into municipal simulated synthetic wastewater and treated by a laboratory‐scale electrooxidation (EO) system using oxidized titanium and graphite electrode as anode and cathode, respectively. Sensitive determination of the selected micropollutants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) before and after treatment is performed after their pre‐concentration using an eco‐friendly switchable solvent liquid‐phase microextraction method (SSLPME). The pH value, applied current, and reaction period are optimized to enhance the removal efficiency of micropollutants. Results show that the highest removal efficiency of all micropollutants is obtained at pH 3, 20 min reaction period, and 3 A applied current. The operational costs are also investigated in this study.
The role of dissemination and implementation science in global breast cancer control programs: Frameworks, methods, and examples
Authors: Rositch Anne F. , Unger‐Saldaña Karla , DeBoer Rebecca J. , Ng’ang’a Anne , Weiner Bryan J.
Published: April 2020

Global disparities in breast cancer outcomes are attributable to a sizable gap between evidence and practice in breast cancer control and management. Dissemination and implementation science (D&IS) seeks to understand how to promote the systematic uptake of evidence‐based interventions and/or practices into real‐world contexts. D&IS methods are useful for selecting strategies to implement evidence‐based interventions, adapting their implementation to new settings, and evaluating the implementation process as well as its outcomes to determine success and failure, and adjust accordingly. Process models, explanatory theories, and evaluation frameworks are used in D&IS to develop implementation strategies, identify implementation outcomes, and design studies to evaluate these outcomes. In breast cancer control and management, research has been translated into evidence‐based, resource‐stratified guidelines by the Breast Health Global Initiative and others. D&IS should be leveraged to optimize the implementation of these guidelines, and other evidence‐based interventions, into practice across the breast cancer care continuum, from optimizing public education to promoting early detection, increasing guideline‐concordant clinical practice among providers, and analyzing and addressing barriers and facilitators in health care systems. Stakeholder engagement through processes such as co‐creation is critical. In this article, the authors have provided a primer on the contribution of D&IS to phased implementation of global breast cancer control programs, provided 2 case examples of ongoing D&IS research projects in Tanzania, and concluded with recommendations for best practices for researchers undertaking this work.
NCCN resource‐stratified and harmonized guidelines: A paradigm for optimizing global cancer care
Authors: Koh Wui‐Jin , Anderson Benjamin O. , Carlson Robert W.
Published: April 2020

Clinical practice guidelines in oncology lead to improved outcomes in care. However, the most frequently used guidelines are developed for highly resourced systems. Recognizing the significant and increasing burden of cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has developed resource‐stratified framework and harmonization processes that allow the NCCN Guidelines to be tailored and optimized for specific geographical areas, resource levels, and settings. The critical need for local expertise and involvement in successful development and uptake is emphasized, and the promise of this collaboration for advancement in oncology programs is illustrated.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of gem‐Dimethyl Chlorin Photosensitizers
Authors: Melissari Zoi , Sample Harry C. , Twamley Brendan , Williams René M. , Senge Mathias O.
Published: April 2020

Chlorins that bear a gem‐dimethyl group, which facilitates their resistance to oxidation, are of interest for applications in photomedicine. Herein, we present the synthesis and the photophysical properties of two geminal‐dimethyl chlorins (dihydroporphyrins) and their free base counterparts that act as efficient singlet oxygen generators and thus exhibit potential for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as anticancer or antimicrobial agents upon further derivatization. A complete characterization of their spectral and photophysical properties (Φf, Φisc, Φic, ΦΔ, τS, τT, kf, kic, kisc, kq) is accompanied by density functional calculations (DFT) as well as time dependent (TD) DFT to investigate the features of the frontier molecular orbitals.
Free space optical system design using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Malik Suman , Sahu Prasant Kumar
Published: April 2020

The performance of the free‐space optical (FSO) communication system is severely affected by atmospheric properties and misalignment between transmitter‐receiver sections. These effects can be minimized by selecting the precise and proper value of operating parameters. The divergence angle can play a key role in mitigating the negative impact of deviation of an optical beam from its fundamental direction due to different adverse influences. In this paper, we have presented a particle swarm optimization model for determining the optimum divergence angle for designing an optimal FSO link. The FSO transreception quality depends on the medium properties which have a number of detrimental effects like rain, fog, haze, physical obstruction, scattering, and atmospheric turbulence. The proposed work investigate the optimum divergence angle with respect to the maximum deviation angle under different adverse conditions, as mentioned above. Taking into account these effects, the analytical expression of optical link margin and the optimum divergence angle with respect to the maximum deviation angle is derived. The results are analyzed for finding out the most suitable wavelength of the transmitter, transmitted power, link margin, and the link budget under different adverse conditions for reliable communication.
Parallel flowering time clines in native and introduced ragweed populations are likely due to adaptation
Authors: McGoey Brechann V. , Hodgins Kathryn A. , Stinchcombe John R.
Published: April 2020

As introduced species expand their ranges, they often encounter differences in climate which are often correlated with geography. For introduced species, encountering a geographically variable climate sometimes leads to the re‐establishment of clines seen in the native range. However, clines can also be caused by neutral processes, and so it is important to gather additional evidence that population differentiation is the result of selection as opposed to nonadaptive processes. Here, we examine phenotypic and genetic differences in ragweed from the native (North America) and introduced (European) ranges. We used a common garden to assess phenotypic differentiation in size and flowering time in ragweed populations. We found significant parallel clines in flowering time in both North America and Europe. Height and branch number had significant clines in North America, and, while not statistically significant, the patterns in Europe were the same. We used SNP data to assess population structure in both ranges and to compare phenotypic differentiation to neutral genetic variation. We failed to detect significant patterns of isolation by distance, geographic patterns in population structure, or correlations between the major axes of SNP variation and phenotypes or latitude of origin. We conclude that the North American clines in size and the parallel clines seen for flowering time are most likely the result of adaptation.
Cones structure and seed traits of four species of large‐seeded pines: Adaptation to animal‐mediated dispersal
Authors: Zhang Man‐Yu , Su Chang‐Xiang , Lu Chang‐Hu
Published: April 2020

Seed dispersal selection pressures may cause morphological differences in cone structure and seed traits of large‐seeded pine trees. We investigated the cone, seed, and scale traits of four species of animal‐dispersed pine trees to explore the adaptations of morphological structures to different dispersers. The four focal pines analyzed in this study were Chinese white pine (Pinus armandi), Korean pine (P. koraiensis), Siberian dwarf pine (P. pumila), and Dabieshan white pine (P. dabeshanensis). There are significant differences in the traits of the cones and seeds of these four animal‐dispersed pines. The scales of Korean pine and Siberian dwarf pine are somewhat opened after cone maturity, the seeds are closely combined with scales, and the seed coat and scales are thick. The cones of Chinese white pine and Dabieshan white pine are open after ripening, the seeds fall easily from the cones, and the seed coat and seed scales are relatively thin. The results showed that the cone structure of Chinese white pine is similar to that of Dabieshan white pine, whereas Korean pine and Siberian dwarf pine are significantly different from the other two pines and vary significantly from each other. This suggests that species with similar seed dispersal strategies exhibit similar morphological adaptions. Accordingly, we predicted three possible seed dispersal paradigms for animal‐dispersed pines: the first, as represented by Chinese white pine and Dabieshan white pine, relies upon small forest rodents for seed dispersal; the second, represented by Korean pine, relies primarily on birds and squirrels to disperse the seeds; and the third, represented by Siberian dwarf pine, relies primarily on birds for seed dispersal. Our study highlights the significance of animal seed dispersal in shaping cone morphology, and our predictions provide a theoretical framework for research investigating the coevolution of large‐seeded pines and their seed dispersers.
Elevated resting heart rate in adolescent men and risk of heart failure and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lindgren Martin , Robertson Josefina , Adiels Martin , Schaufelberger Maria , Åberg Maria , Torén Kjell , Waern Margda , Åberg N. David , Rosengren Annika
Published: April 2020

Aims

This study aims to investigate the association of resting heart rate (RHR) measured in late adolescence with long‐term risk of cause‐specific heart failure (HF) and subtypes of cardiomyopathy (CM), with special attention to cardiorespiratory fitness.

Methods and results

We performed a nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study of all Swedish men enrolled for conscription in 1968–2005 (n = 1 008 363; mean age = 18.3 years). RHR and arterial blood pressure were measured together with anthropometrics as part of the enlistment protocol. HF and its concomitant diagnoses, as well as all CM diagnoses, were collected from the national inpatient, outpatient, and cause of death registries. Risk estimates were calculated by Cox‐proportional hazards models while adjusting for potential confounders. During follow‐up, there were 8400 cases of first hospitalization for HF and 3377 for CM. Comparing the first and fifth quintiles of the RHR distribution, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension was 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–1.38] after adjustment for body mass index, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The corresponding HR was 1.43 (CI = 1.08–1.90) for HF associated with CM and 1.34 (CI = 1.16–1.54) for HF without concomitant diagnosis. There was an association between RHR and dilated CM [HR = 1.47 (CI = 1.27–1.71)] but not hypertrophic, alcohol/drug‐induced, or other cardiomyopathies.

Conclusions

Adolescent RHR is associated with future risk of HF, regardless of associated aetiological condition. The association was strongest for HF associated with CM, driven by the association with dilated CM. These findings indicate a causal pathway between elevated RHR and myocardial dysfunction that warrants further investigation.
Seismic damage accumulation in multiple mainshock–aftershock sequences
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Chioccarelli Eugenio , Suzuki Akiko
Published: April 2020

Earthquakes are generally clustered, both in time and space. Conventionally, each cluster is made of foreshocks, the mainshock, and aftershocks. Seismic damage can possibly accumulate because of the effects of multiple earthquakes in one cluster and/or because the structure is unrepaired between different clusters. Typically, the performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework neglects seismic damage accumulation. This is because (i) probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) only refers to mainshocks and (ii) classical fragility curves represent the failure probability in one event, of given intensity, only. However, for life cycle assessment, it can be necessary to account for the build‐up of seismic losses because of damage in multiple events. It has been already demonstrated that a Markovian model (i.e., a Markov chain), accounting for damage accumulation in multiple mainshocks, can be calibrated by maintaining PSHA from the classical PBEE framework and replacing structural fragility with a set of state‐dependent fragility curves. In fact, the Markov chain also works when damage accumulates in multiple aftershocks from a single mainshock of known magnitude and location, if aftershock PSHA replaces classical PSHA. Herein, this model is extended further, developing a Markovian model that accounts, at the same time, for damage accumulation: (i) within any mainshock–aftershock seismic sequence and (ii) among multiple sequences. The model is illustrated through applications to a series of six‐story reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame buildings designed for three sites with different seismic hazard levels in Italy. The time‐variant reliability assessment results are compared with the classical PBEE approach and the accumulation model that only considers mainshocks, so as to address the relevance of aftershocks for life cycle assessment.
Probing the dynamic structural changes of DNA using ultrafast laser pulse in graphene‐based optofluidic device
Authors: Shivananju Bannur N. , Zhou Lu , Yin Yuefeng , Yu Wenzhi , Shabbir Babar , Mu Haoran , Bao Xiaozhi , Zhang Yiqiu , Tian Sun , Ou Qingdong , Li Shaojuan , Hossain Mohammad M. , Zhang Yupeng , Shao Huaiyu , Xing Guichuan , Medhekar Nikhil V. , Li Chang‐Ming , Liu Jian , Bao Qiaoliang
Published: April 2020

The ultrafast monitoring of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) dynamic structural changes is an emerging and rapidly growing research topic in biotechnology. The existing optical spectroscopy used to identify different dynamical DNA structures lacks quick response while requiring large consumption of samples and bulky instrumental facilities. It is highly demanded to develop an ultrafast technique that monitors DNA structural changes with the external stimulus or cancer‐related disease scenarios. Here, we demonstrate a novel photonic integrated graphene‐optofluidic device to monitor DNA structural changes with the ultrafast response time. Our approach is featured with an effective and straightforward design of decoding the electronic structure change of graphene induced by its interactions with DNAs in different conformations using ultrafast nanosecond pulse laser and achieving refractive index sensitivity of ~3 × 10−5 RIU. This innovative technique for the first time allows us to perform ultrafast monitoring of the conformational changes of special DNA molecules structures, including G‐quadruplex formation by K+ ions and i‐motif formation by the low pH stimulus. The graphene‐optofluidic device as presented here provides a new class of label‐free, ultrafast, ultrasensitive, compact, and cost‐effective optical biosensors for medical and healthcare applications.

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MEC‐based latency aware optical character recognition and realtime English translation for smart cities
Authors: Zhang Fangzhou
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we propose the mobile edge computing based latency aware OCR and realtime English translation (MEC‐Trans) for smart cities. MEC‐Trans monitors the local resource status of the edge platform and the network status from the edge to the cloud in real time. Based on this, it adopts an intelligent decision mechanism driven by user experience. It offloads some computation to the edge and dynamically reduces the network transmission data amount. In this way a relatively stable quality of user experience can be guaranteed.
Probiotics with ameliorating effects on the severity of skin inflammation in psoriasis: Evidence from experimental and clinical studies
Authors: Atabati Hadi , Esmaeili Seyed‐Alireza , Saburi Ehsan , Akhlaghi Maedeh , Raoofi Amir , Rezaei Nima , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir Abbas
Published: April 2020

Experimental and clinical studies have confirmed safety and the medical benefits of probiotics as immunomodulatory medications. Recent advances have emphasized the critical effect of gastrointestinal bacteria in the pathology of inflammatory disorders, even, outside the gut. Probiotics have shown promising results for curing skin‐influencing inflammatory disorders through modulating the immune response by manipulating the gut microbiome. Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory skin disease, which exhibits a microbiome distinct from the normal skin. In the present review, we considered the impact of gastrointestinal microbiota on the psoriasis pathogenesis, and through literature survey, attempted to explore probiotic species utilized for psoriasis treatment.
Heterocycles 51: Liphophilicity investigation of some thiazole chalcones and aurones by experimental and theoretical methods
Authors: Coman Fana‐Maria , Leonte Denisa , Toma Alexandra , Casoni Dorina , Vlase Laurian , Zaharia Valentin
Published: April 2020

Reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography were used for lipophilicity determination of a library of 30 thiazole chalcones and aurones previously synthetized in our laboratory. The experimental lipophilicity data have been compared with theoretical lipophilicity parameters estimated by various computational methods. Good correlations between the experimental and calculated lipophilicity parameters have been found for both investigated classes of compounds. Correlations between the lipophilicity of the thiazole chalcones and aurones and their antiproliferative activity were discussed. The methodologies and data gathered in this study will contribute to the lipophilicity studies of chalcones and aurones derivatives, two important classes of compounds in medicinal chemistry.
Fabrication of a Highly Stretchable, Wrinkle‐Free Electrode with Switchable Transparency Using a Free‐Standing Silver Nanofiber Network and Shape Memory Polymer Substrate
Authors: Yoon Jihyun , An Yongsan , Hong Seok Bin , Myung Jun Ho , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Yu Woong‐Ryeol
Published: April 2020

Transparent and stretchable electrodes (TSEs) are a key technology for the next generation of stretchable electronics and optoelectronics. Metallic nanofibers are widely used because of their good optoelectrical properties, but they demonstrate low stretchability. To enhance stretchability, fabricating in‐plane buckled nanofibers with the aid of a prestrained substrate has become crucial in this research field. Here, a composite comprising shape memory polymer–TSE (SMP–TSE) using crosslinked polycyclooctene as a substrate, which shows wrinkle‐free deformation and switchable optical transparency, is fabricated. Because of its considerable elongation without residual strain and the shape memory behavior of polycyclooctene, in‐plane buckled nanofibers are formed effectively. For fabrication of SMP–TSE, continuous and thin metallic nanofiber that can maintain its structural integrity is required; therefore, electrospinning and an ultraviolet reduction process to create a free‐standing, conductive, nanofiber network are used. Because of its in‐plane buckled nanofibers, the electrode maintained its resistance during 3000 cycles of a bending test and 900 cycles of a tensile test. Furthermore, SMP–TSE is able to electrically control its temperature, optical transparency, elastic modulus, and shape memory behavior. Finally, the use of SMP–TSE in a smart display that can control its optical and mechanical properties is demonstrated.
Dynamic analysis of anisotropic half space containing an elliptical inclusion under SH waves
Authors: Jiang Guanxixi , Yang Zailin , Sun Cheng , Sun Baitao , Yang Yong
Published: April 2020

Based on the methods of complex function, conformal mapping, and multipolar coordinate system, dynamic response of an elliptical inclusion embedded in an anisotropic half space is investigated. In order to find the solution of SH waves, the governing equation is transferred into its normalized form. Then, the scattering wave induced by the inclusion and the standing wave in the inclusion is deduced. Different incident wave angles and the corresponding anisotropy of the half space are considered to obtain the reflected waves. The elliptical inclusion is transferred into a unit circle by conformal mapping method, and then the undetermined coefficients in scattering wave and standing wave are solved by using the continuous condition at the boundary of the inclusion. Subsequently, the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the inclusion is calculated and analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the distribution of the DSCF is mainly influenced by the incident wave angle and the incident wave number. It is affected by anisotropic parameters as well.
Bending of an infinite elastic plate with Dirichlet boundary conditions
Authors: Constanda Christian , Doty Dale
Published: April 2020

A generalized Fourier series method is constructed for the numerical approximation of the solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problem in the theory of bending of an infinite elastic plate with a hole. The qualitative analysis is exemplified be means of two numerical cases and associated graphical illustrations that support the accuracy and efficiency of the procedure.
Social media communication and higher education brand equity: The mediating role of eWOM
Authors: Sagynbekova Sabira , Ince Ecem , Ogunmokun Oluwatobi A. , Olaoke Ridhwan O. , Ukeje Uchechukwu E.
Published: April 2020

Beyond its ability to enhance the generation of goals and objectives, understanding an organization's brand equity is a key driver in communicating values to consumers and end‐users. In a very competitive marketplace, it is high time universities ditched the traditional means of communication and comply with the trending social media communication forms so as to better capture both the virtual as well as the real social space of their students who, in turn, are ambassadors of the institutions. Using data solicited from 317 university students, this study found that universities can better position themselves to compete when they employ both user‐generated and firm‐generated social media communication in building their brand equity. Our study also validates electronic word of mouth as a mediator of the relationship between social media communication and higher education brand equity. Recommendations for practice were also suggested.
Registration of photoperiod insensitive pigeonpea cultivar ‘Lázaro’
Authors: Viteri Diego M. , Bosques Angel , Linares Angela M. , Huynh Bao‐Lam , Roberts Philip A. , Sarmiento Leidy , Pérez Mariela
Published: April 2020

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill.] cultivar ‘Lázaro’ (Reg no. CV‐331, PI 692612) was developed in the United States at the Isabela and Lajas Research Substations at the University of Puerto Rico in collaboration with researchers at the University of California, Riverside. Lázaro was derived from the bi‐parental cross ‘2B‐Bushy’/OP‐61 and traces back to the selection of F2 individual plants insensitive to long daylength (>12 h) and advanced by a combination of pedigree and bulk breeding methods. Lázaro is photoperiod insensitive, and its yield performance was tested in six environments with checks in Puerto Rico and under furrow and drip irrigation systems in California in 2017 and 2018. Lázaro has a determinate growth habit, initiates flowering from 69 to 94 d, reaches harvesting maturity between 130 to 149 d, and has a small beige seed (17 g per 100 seeds). Mean seed yield varied from 338 to 1,091 kg ha−1 in Puerto Rico and >3,300 kg ha−1 in California. Furthermore, Lázaro can be planted year‐round compared with cultivars ‘Cortada’, ‘Guerrero’, and ‘ICP 7035’, which are photoperiod sensitive and thus only recommended for planting under short‐daylength conditions.
Highly Efficient Fabricating Amorphous Photonic Crystals Using Less Polar Solvents and the Wettability‐Based Information Storage and Recognition
Authors: Yang Xiaolan , Yang Dongpeng , Chen Yuanyu , Hu Yang , Huang Shaoming
Published: April 2020

Facile and efficient fabrication of amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) with uniform and angle independent structural colors is highly desired due to their unique applications in non‐iridescent colors‐based displays, pigments, and sensors. Here, a solvent‐assisted colloidal assembly approach is reported to fabricate APCs with uniform and angle‐independent structural colors by the self‐assembly of polydopamine‐embedded silica particles in pentanol. The surface charge of the particle mediated by the polarity of solvent is demonstrated to be the key to control the particle arrangements and the angle dependency of the structural colors, which makes the fabrication more efficient, simple, and convenient compared to previous methods. Owing to the amorphous structures, the APCs show unique sensitivity to the variation of the refractive index contrast. Based on this unique sensitivity of APCs, an information storage‐recognition system is established by constructing different wettability between the information and background region. The information integrated with the color, the number, and the site of APCs of the system can be stored and recognized at dry and wetting state, respectively, and the switching of the storage‐recognition process is fully reversible. These findings provide new insights into the design, fabrication, and application of materials with non‐iridescent structural colors.
Stabilizing Thermoelectric Figure‐of‐Merit of Superionic Conductor Cu2Se through W Nanoinclusions
Authors: Bohra Anil Kumar , Bhatt Ranu , Singh Ajay , Bhattacharya Shovit , Basu Ranita , Bhatt Pramod , Navaneethan Mani , Sarkar Shaibal K. , Anwar Shahid , Muthe Kunal Puranchand , Aswal Dinesh Kumar
Published: April 2020

Cu2Se exhibits a high figure‐of‐merit (ZT) >1 due to the scattering of phonons by mobile Cu+ ions, but migration of the Cu+ ions leads to chemical instability at high temperature. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of W in the Cu2Se matrix results in peak ZT of 2.1 (ZTavg = 0.93) at 878 K. After the first thermal cycle, the peak ZT of the composite decreases to stable value of ≈1.5 (ZTavg = 0.97). The enhanced stability of the nanocomposite along with high ZTavg is attributed to the covering of Cu2Se grain boundaries with W that inhibits Cu+ migration, reduces Se loss, and improves charge carrier mobility.
Learning genetic and environmental graphical models from family data
Authors: Ribeiro Adèle H. , Maria Pavan Soler Júlia
Published: April 2020

Many challenging problems in biomedical research rely on understanding how variables are associated with each other and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) are widely acknowledged as a very natural and formal language to describe relationships among variables and have been extensively used for studying complex diseases and traits. In this work, we propose methods that leverage observational Gaussian family data for learning a decomposition of undirected and directed acyclic PGMs according to the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Many structure learning algorithms are strongly based on a conditional independence test. For independent measurements of normally distributed variables, conditional independence can be tested through standard tests for zero partial correlation. In family data, the assumption of independent measurements does not hold since related individuals are correlated due to mainly genetic factors. Based on univariate polygenic linear mixed models, we propose tests that account for the familial dependence structure and allow us to assess the significance of the partial correlation due to genetic (between‐family) factors and due to other factors, denoted here as environmental (within‐family) factors, separately. Then, we extend standard structure learning algorithms, including the IC/PC and the really fast causal inference (RFCI) algorithms, to Gaussian family data. The algorithms learn the most likely PGM and its decomposition into two components, one explained by genetic factors and the other by environmental factors. The proposed methods are evaluated by simulation studies and applied to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 simulated dataset, which captures significant features of the Framingham Heart Study.
Is it better not to think about it? Effects of positive and negative perfectionistic cognitions when there is increased pressure to perform
Authors: Prestele Elisabeth , Altstötter‐Gleich Christine , Lischetzke Tanja
Published: April 2020

With the present research, we aimed to extend prior knowledge on the associations between dispositional perfectionism, perfectionistic cognitions and indicators of distress by considering both the level of between‐person differences and the level of within‐person fluctuations. We conducted two studies in which we assessed dispositional perfectionism once, plus we assessed perfectionistic cognitions across a predefined period of time (Study 1) and on a daily level (Study 2) during a highly demanding period of time. We found evidence for differential bivariate and unique associations of perfectionistic strivings cognitions (PSC) and perfectionistic concerns cognitions (PCC) with dispositional perfectionistic strivings (DPS) and dispositional perfectionistic concerns (DPC), perfectionism‐specific cues, and indicators of distress. Beyond this, PCC emerged as an important mediator of the effects of DPS and DPC on distress.