bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in macrophage polarization during the resolution phase of periodontal disease
Authors: Uttamani Juhi R. , Kulkarni Varun , Valverde Araceli , Naqvi Raza Ali , Van Dyke Thomas , Nares Salvador , Naqvi Afsar R.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Polarization of macrophages (Mφ) is a well‐controlled axis with considerable consequences in both the pro‐inflammatory and resolution phases of inflammation. We aimed to determine if periodontal therapy may instigate M1 to M2 Mφ polarization favoring resolution of inflammation within periodontal tissues.

Methods

Gingival biopsies were excised from subjects diagnosed with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis before and 4–6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Total RNA was isolated and pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory markers associated with Mφ polarization assessed by RT‐qPCR. Mice were subject to ligature‐induced periodontitis and gingival tissues collected after 8 days in‐situ or 10 days after ligature removal and M1 and M2 Mφ markers examined by RT‐qPCR and flow cytometry.

Results

In human samples, improvement in clinical parameters posttherapy correlates with reduced bacterial burden, downregulation in M1 (TNF‐α, STAT1, CXCL10, and miR‐155), and elevated levels of M2 (STAT6, TGM2, CCL22, and IL‐10) Mφ markers. In a murine model of resolution of LIP, we observed reduced levels of M1 Mφ markers cox2, iNOS2, F4/80+CD80+, and F4/80+CD86+ and elevated levels of M2‐like Mφ markers tgm2, arg1, F4/80+CD206+ and F4/80+CD163+ corroborated human findings.

Conclusion

Resolution of periodontal inflammation is associated with M1 to M2 Mφ polarization after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Assessment of Mφ markers can provide relevant clinical information on the successful response of periodontal therapy and may be used to target nonresponders.
Prevention of intrauterine balloon displacement in patients with postpartum hemorrhage: A narrative review
Authors: Cassardo Ottavio , Orsi Michele , Cesano Nicola , Iurlaro Enrico , Perugino Giuseppe , Cetin Irene
Published: October 2024

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant complication of pregnancy globally, with uterine atony accounting for the great majority of cases. Second‐line hemostatic strategies such as uterine balloon tamponade play a crucial role in managing refractory hemorrhage. Despite its effectiveness, the phenomenon of balloon displacement poses a challenge to PPH management, often leading to treatment failure. Various techniques have been proposed to address this issue, including vaginal packing, cervical cerclage, fixation to the abdominal wall, holding the cervix with ring forceps, and suspending the balloon with cervical sutures. Each method has its advantages and limitations, influencing its suitability in different clinical scenarios. Understanding these techniques may be useful to optimize and improve the management of PPH and maternal outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of these strategies, their mechanisms, and their clinical implications, aiming to guide healthcare providers in choosing the most appropriate approach for individual cases of PPH.
What role, if any, should phonics play in a middle school or high school? The answer may surprise you
Authors: Shanahan Timothy
Published: October 2024

Research shows little benefit from phonics instruction in Grades 2 through 12. However, more recent studies show that students who fall below a decoding threshold fail to benefit from other kinds of reading instruction. This exploration of the evidence suggests that these students are likely to need support in the reading and spelling of multisyllabic words and words with common morphological elements. Explicit instruction with a focus on the decoding, spelling, and meaning of such words would make a lot of sense.
Association between victimization and perpetration of cyberhate: The moderating role of social dominance orientation
Authors: Naranjo‐Pou Susett , Zych Izabela
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Expressions of cyberhate motivated by characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, and religious beliefs are now present and prevalent on social networks. Past research, both in online and offline contexts, has identified that, although there may be an overlap between victims and perpetrators of violence; this is not always the case. Nevertheless, the number of studies focused on variables that moderate the relation between victimization and perpetration is still low. The current study aims at analyzing the relation between cyberhate victimization and perpetration and the potential moderating role of social dominance on this relation.

Method

During the 2019/2020 school year in Andalusia, Spain, a prospective longitudinal study was implemented. The study used a representative sample of 1498 adolescents enrolled in compulsory secondary education in the first wave (51.8% female; Mage = 13.58) and 1195 adolescents in the second wave (53.2% female; Mage = 14.04). Surveys administrated to adolescents were used for data collection.

Results

The findings revealed a positive correlation between cyberhate victimization and perpetration. They supported the notion that social dominance not only predicted the perpetration of cyberhate several months later, but also its moderating effect on the relation between cyberhate victimization and perpetration. Cyberhate victims who reported higher levels of social dominance were more likely to become perpetrators several months later.

Conclusion

Results suggest the need to implement preventive programs considering the influence of social dominance. These strategies could promote social equality and help to interrupt the cycle in which victims can become perpetrators of cyberhate.
Noncoding RNA Linc00475 promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by targeting miR‐107/CDK6 axis
Authors: Li Dongqing , Peng Mingya , Zhou Juying
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a substantial challenge to public health. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of CRC is not yet fully elucidated, hindering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Recent advancements have underscored the importance of Non‐coding RNAs in tumor biology. Our research identified a significant upregulation of Linc00475 in CRC, which correlated with reduced survival rates among CRC patients. Consequently, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which Linc00475 contributed to CRC progression. Employing a comprehensive array of experimental techniques—including CCK‐8 assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blot analysis, and in vivo tumorigenesis assays—we have demonstrated that Linc00475 enhances CRC cell proliferation. Further analysis revealed that Linc00475 directly interacted with miR‐107, leading to its downregulation. Moreover, our findings confirmed that miR‐107 directly targeted CDK6, which was markedly downregulated following Linc00475 silencing. In vivo experiments further indicated that the silencing of Linc00475 markedly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that Linc00475 facilitated CRC cell proliferation through the regulation of the miR‐107/CDK6 axis, thereby providing a novel perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC development.
Sinensetin inhibits the movement ability and tumor immune microenvironment of non‐small cell lung cancer through the inactivation of AKT/β‐catenin axis
Authors: Shi Zhenliang , Shen Yimeng , Liu Xin , Zhang Sipei
Published: October 2024

Although current treatment strategies have improved clinical outcomes of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, side effect and prognosis remain a hindrance. Thus, safer and more effective therapeutical drugs are needed for NSCLC. Sinensetin (Sin) is a flavonoid from citrus fruits, which exhibits antitumor effect on diverse cancers. However, the effect and mechanism of Sin on NSCLC remain unknown. In this study, NSCLC cell lines, and tumor‐bearing mice were treated with Sin. The effect and mechanism of Sin were addressed using cell counting kit‐8, transwell, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis assays in both cell and animal models. Sin reduced the cell viability of A549 and H1299, with the IC50 of 81.46 µM and 93.15 µM, respectively. Sin decreased invaded cell numbers, the expression of N‐cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), while increased the E‐cadherin level, the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, and the concentration of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, Sin declined the expression of protein kinase B (AKT)/β‐catenin pathway, which was restored with the application of SC79, an activator of AKT. The inhibitory role of Sin in NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune escape was reversed by the management of SC79. In vivo, Sin reduced tumor size and weight, and the expression of N‐cadherin, VEGFA, and AKT/β‐catenin pathway, but enhanced the level of E‐cadherin and IFN‐γ. Taken together, Sin suppressed cell growth, invasion, EMT and immune escape via AKT/β‐catenin pathway in NSCLC.
RHO subfamily of small GTPases in the development and function of hematopoietic cells
Authors: de Castro Sampaio Stephany Suelen , Ramalho Maria Carolina Clares , de Souza Caroline Santos , de Almeida Rodrigues Beatriz , de Mendonça Guilherme Ramos Sales , Lazarini Mariana
Published: October 2024

RHOA, RHOB, and RHOC comprise a subfamily of RHO GTPase proteins famed for controlling cytoskeletal dynamics. RHO proteins operate downstream of multiple signals emerging from the microenvironment, leading to diverse cell responses, such as proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Therefore, RHO signaling has been centrally placed in the regulation of blood cells. Despite their high homology, unique roles of RHOA, RHOB, and RHOC have been described in hematopoietic cells. In this article, we overview the contribution of RHO proteins in the development and function of each blood cell lineage. Additionally, we highlight the aberrations of the RHO signaling pathways found in hematological malignancies, providing clues for the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Anatomic physeal‐sparing MPFL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients shows favourable outcomes at a minimum of 24‐month follow‐up
Authors: Ntagiopoulos Panagiotis , Pozzi Pierrenzo , Kalinterakis Georgios , Fligkos Dimitris , Dimou Triantafyllia , Compagnoni Riccardo , Ferrua Paolo , Randelli Pietro Simone
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Recurrent patellar dislocation is a prevalent orthopaedic issue among active paediatric and adolescent populations. Bony surgical procedures are not recommended in growing patients; therefore, the focus of surgery is on restoring the medial patellar ligaments, with different reconstructive techniques available. This retrospective case series focuses on the 2‐year outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in skeletally immature patients with open physis.

Methods

Twenty‐four consecutive patients with patellofemoral instability and open growth plates underwent anatomic MPFL reconstruction with a physeal‐sparing technique. All subjects have had more than three episodes of true patellar dislocations. Preoperative radiographic examination included anteroposterior and lateral views to assess patella alta and limb alignment. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate trochlear dysplasia and tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance. The patients were questioned regarding complications and clinical outcomes using the visual analogue scale (VAS), Kujala and Paediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi‐IKDC) score. Variables were evaluated using paired t test with significance at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean age at the time of operation was 13.04 years (9–16 years). The cohort was followed for a mean duration of 38.66 months (24–86 months). The mean time from injury to surgery was 50.45 days (16–80 days). No growth arrest, limb‐length discrepancies or angular deformities were observed post‐operatively during the whole follow‐up period. No patellar re‐dislocations were recorded throughout the study period. The VAS score improved significantly from 5.67 (4–8) to 1.88 (0–4) (p < 0.01). The Kujala score improved significantly from 64.67 (44–81) preoperatively to 87.58 (77–100) post‐operatively (p < 0.01). The Pedi‐IKDC also increased significantly from 58.81 (34.80–77.70) preoperatively to 90.64 (70.70–100) post‐operatively (p < 0.01). The vast majority of patients (87.5%) returned to their pre‐injury activity level. Boys scored better than girls in VAS, Pedi‐IKDC and Kujala score post‐operatively, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Physeal‐sparing MPFL reconstruction in children and adolescents yields excellent midterm results and allows patients to return to sports without redislocation of the patella. Boys scored better than girls in VAS, Pedi‐IKDC and Kujala score post‐operatively, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Level of Evidence

IV: case series with no comparative group.
Arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement yields favourable patient‐reported outcomes and method survivorship at 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Nikou Sarantos , Sturesson Joel , Lindman Ida , Karlsson Louise , Öhlin Axel , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Sansone Mikael
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) preoperatively and at minimum 10‐year follow‐up using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

A total of 128 patients with FAIS were prospectively included. The patients underwent arthroscopic surgery for FAIS between 2011 and 2013 and had a minimum of 10‐year follow‐up. The International Hip Outcome Tool short version (iHOT‐12) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), the European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ‐5D), the European Quality visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), the Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) for physical activity level, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for overall hip function and a single question regarding overall satisfaction with the surgery. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare pre‐ and postoperative PROMs.

Results

There was a significant improvement (p < 0.001) of iHOT‐12, HAGOS subscales, EQ‐5D, EQ VAS and VAS for overall hip function. A total of 83% of the patients were satisfied with their surgery. The survivorship of hip arthroscopy, defined as nonconversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), at the end of the follow‐up period was 77%.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment for FAIS reported statistically significant and clinically relevant improved outcomes at 10‐year follow‐up.

Level of Evidence

Case series, level IV.
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Depend Differently on Physicochemical Features in Subtropical Seasonally Flooded Wetland and Non‐flooded Shoreland Forest
Authors: Yuan Zhifen , Fu Chun , Liu Jie , Leng Fei , Weihrauch Christoph , Rinklebe Jörg , Rousk Johannes , Zheng Bofu , Shen Ruichang
Published: October 2024

In recent years, an increasing number of ecosystems are threatened by seasonal flooding, changing non‐flooded shoreland (NF) into seasonally flooded wetland (SF), but the consequences of this hydrological change for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remain unknown. In this study, we investigated how the SOC content was determined by flooding duration and soil physicochemical variables in adjacent SF and NF at six depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–50 cm, 50–70 cm, and 70–100 cm) at Shengjin Lake in subtropical China. Soil physicochemistry and SOC composition were analyzed, and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to resolve the SOC composition. Neither SOC content nor the vertical distribution of SOC was distinguishable between the sites. However, FTIR data revealed that plant‐originated aliphatics and amides were higher at NF than SF sites, with the opposite pattern for aromatics. At SF sites, SOC content was positively affected by soil moisture and flooding duration and was negatively impacted by soil particle size at most soil layers. At NF sites, SOC content was mainly affected by silt and total Fe at the top 20 cm soil, while a higher fraction of plant‐derived labile C was positively correlated to SOC contents at 30–100 cm depth. The results hence indicated a strong effect of seasonal flooding on SOC dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. SOC stabilization induced by low mineralization and high adsorption played a central role at SF sites, while SOC formation through plant input was more important at NF sites. Our findings suggest that management strategies designed to conserve SOC will need to be site‐specific.
Stereoselectivity Control Interplay in Racemic Lactide Polymerization by Achiral Al‐Salen Complexes
Authors: Moccia Serena , D’ Alterio Massimo Christian , Romano Eugenio , De Rosa Claudio , Talarico Giovanni
Published: October 2024

The origin of stereocontrol in ring opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide (rac‐LA) promoted by achiral aluminium‐based catalysts has been explained through DFT calculations combined with a molecular descriptor (%VBur) and the activation strain model (ASM‐NEDA) analysis. The proposed chain end control (CEC) model suggests that the ligand framework adopts a chiral configuration mimicking the enantiomorphic site control (ESC) while also incorporating control of the last inserted monomer unit. It is found that the ligand wrapping mode around the aluminium centre is dictated by the monomer configuration (R,R‐LA and S,S‐LA). A good correlation with experimental data is achieved only when accounting for the ligand dynamic features and its steric influences, as highlighted by %VBur steric maps and ASM‐NEDA analysis. Understanding the ESC and CEC interplay is an important target for obtaining stereoselective ROP polymerization for the synthesis of biodegradable materials with tailored properties.
Decoupling for microstrip antenna array based on characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Si Wei , Han Guodong , Liu Yakun
Published: October 2024

A new decoupling method for microstrip antenna arrays has been proposed in this paper, which is based on characteristic mode analysis. This method works by suppressing the nonworking mode that contributes the most to mutual coupling. An eight‐element microstrip antenna array is designed as the reference antenna, and for this antenna, mode suppression is achieved by etching gaps on the patch and adding metal columns between the patch and the ground. The antenna array after the mode suppression is fabricated and measured. The results show that the measured S34 after the mode suppression is below −21 dB, whereas the simulated S34 of the reference antenna array is about −15 dB. This indicated a 7–10.5 dB reduction in coupling across the band. Additionally, the measured ActiveS3 after the mode suppression is still below −11 dB. Besides, the measured and simulated normalized array patterns after the mode suppression agree well at different frequencies.
Zinc as a potential prophylactic adjuvant therapy for prolonged hospitalization: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of an umbrella of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim Hoda , Bendary Mohammed , Sabt Ahmed , Saad Khaled
Published: October 2024

Aims

The present study evaluated the effect of oral zinc supplementation on shortening hospital length of stay.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted for randomized control trials in patients who were hospitalized regardless of age and cause of admission. Studies were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library until July 2023. Results were compared between the zinc group and those who received a placebo and/or the standard therapy.

Results

Eight studies were qualified for our meta‐analysis. Of the 1267 patients, 633 and 634 were in the zinc supplementation and control groups, respectively. The meta‐analysis found that oral zinc supplementation group experienced a lower length of hospital stay than the control group (mean difference, −0.43 days; 95% confidence interval, −0.65 to −0.22; P < 0.0001; heterogeneity, I2 = 20%).

Conclusion

The administration of oral zinc supplements was associated with a slightly reduced duration of hospital stay.
Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding‐Mode Control Optimized by an Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for a Quadrotor Drone With Chaotic Nonlinear Dynamics
Authors: Mahmoodabadi M. J. , Ibrahim M. Yousef
Published: October 2024

An optimal fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller (OFASMC) is introduced in the present paper for stabilizing a quadrotor drone with chaotic and nonlinear dynamics. At first, control efforts related to the motor torques of the regarded quadrotor drone are determined by the sliding mode procedure as the main stabilizer. Next, using the gradient descent formulation as well as the chain derivative rule, the control gains are adapted through the system states. Then, human knowledge‐based fuzzy systems are appropriately designed to set the control parameters for achieving more accurate results. The output errors and control efforts are minimized through the optimum values found for the effective coefficients of the controller by applying the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA). Simulation results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the introduced strategy to stabilize the quadrotor drone system with and without external disturbances.
Eating disorders, school professionals, and understanding family theory
Authors: Winter Emily L. , Mason Claire , Stillman Casey
Published: October 2024

Eating disorders have substantially risen in school‐aged youth, especially in a post‐pandemic world. Impacting children and adolescents across races, ethnicities, genders, and sexual orientations, prevalence rates suggest that eating disorders do not discriminate. Interestingly, despite the rising prevalence rates and increase of eating disorders, many school‐based mental health providers feel ill‐equipped to support children, adolescents, and their families seeking eating disorder treatment due to lack of knowledge or skill. Given the evidence‐based focus on family‐based treatment, many school‐based providers wonder what is best approach to support individuals within a school‐system, for how to best intertwine family‐based recommendations and collaboration with relevant outside clinicians. Given this uncertainty, this piece explores the role of school‐based mental health in supporting family‐based treatment, exploring two prominent systems theories and how providers within schools can adopt these approaches to most ethically aid students within the bounds of competence within a school setting.
The double‐edged sword effect of reading self‐concept on math achievement: Additional insights for making dimensional comparisons
Authors: Cai Yuyang , Zhu Liping , Yang Yan
Published: October 2024

A common belief underlying the dimensional comparison theory is that reading self‐concept has a positive relation to reading achievement but a negative relation to math achievement. However, this belief is incomplete and potentially misleading as supporting evidence is usually derived from studies without simultaneously considering the mediated effect of reading self‐concept through reading achievement. The current study examined the direct and indirect effects of reading self‐concept on math achievement through reading achievement, using PISA 2018 data from 501,766 students across 74 countries/territories. Multilevel structural equation modeling was performed to control for confounding variances from the school level and above. The results showed that reading self‐concept had a direct and negative effect on math achievement, while also exerting a positive indirect effect on math achievement through reading achievement. Overall, the indirect effect outperformed the negative direct effect on math achievement. We concluded that reading self‐concept exerted a double‐edged effect on math achievement. These results should be able to shed new light on the contrasting comparison effect of self‐concept on academic achievement.
Simulation of a Microwave Plasma Torch Used for Hydrogen Production via Methane Pyrolysis
Authors: Kreuznacht Simon , Böke Marc , von Keudell Achim
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen is often envisioned as a green fuel and energy carrier. However, a greenhouse gas‐free production method is still needed for this purpose. A promising method is the pyrolysis of methane. In this study, we present the three‐dimensional simulation of methane pyrolysis in a microwave plasma torch operated in an argon–methane mixture. Due to the high gas temperatures, the chemistry is dominated by reactions between neutral particles. Therefore, the plasma is treated only as a heat source using space‐resolved gas temperature measurements as input. The end‐of‐pipe results of the simulation are compared to measured values, showing good agreement for methane conversion.
Plasma Etch of IGZO Thin Film and IGZO/SiO2 Interface Diffusion in Inductively Coupled CH4/Ar Plasmas
Authors: Li Jie , Kundu Shreya , Souriau Laurent , Bezard Philippe , Izmailov Roman , Lazzarino Frederic
Published: October 2024

In this work, the etching characteristics of InGaZnO4 (IGZO) thin films were systemically investigated in inductively coupled CH4/Ar plasmas with various gas ratios, bias voltages, and surface temperatures. The ion flux in the CH4/Ar plasmas was analyzed using bias power and voltage, whereas the relative densities of CH and H radicals were quantified through optical actinometry. The change in CH3 radical density was also estimated based on plasma kinetics analysis. The correlations between the plasma properties and IGZO etch rate were investigated. In CH4/Ar plasmas with CH4 ratios below 80%, the IGZO etch rate increases with a higher CH4 proportion, aligning with the ascending trend of CH3 radical density, which suggests that CH3 radical density acts as a limiting factor (radical‐limited regime). However, the IGZO etch rate decreases when the CH4 ratio exceeds 80%, corresponding to the reduction in ion flux, which indicates that ion flux becomes a limiting factor in this ion‐limited regime. The IGZO etch rate shows a linear relationship with bias voltage and follows the Arrhenius equation with varying surface temperature in plasmas without bias voltage. A spontaneous etch model was proposed based on these relationships. In this model, the IGZO etch rate depends on CH3 radical density and IGZO surface reactivity, where ion bombardment contributes more significantly to surface reactivity than high surface temperature. IGZO thin film was deposited on SiO2 during the fabrication of a 3D stacked ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) memory device. The interaction between IGZO and SiO2 during CH4/Ar plasma processing was investigated using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The efficacy of removing IGZO atoms that had diffused into the SiO2 network was enhanced when subjected to plasma with a bias voltage, compared to the process without a bias voltage. However, exposure to CH4/Ar plasma resulted in a deeper diffusion of IGZO atoms into the SiO2 network, primarily attributed to ion bombardment rather than elevated surface temperature. A significant improvement in surface smoothness was achieved after IGZO and SiO2 etch by introducing BCl3 into the SiO2 etching chemistry.
Perfusable Plasma‐Activated Saline for Oxidative Stress Delivery to Induce Tumor Cell Apoptosis in Nonmuscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhu He , Xu Shengduo , Wu Tong , Jing Xixi , Wang Zewei , Zhou Renwu , Zhang Hao , Liu Dingxin , Rong Mingzhe , Yang Xiaojian
Published: October 2024

Nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common urologic malignancy. Currently, conventional postoperative perfusion therapy for NMIBC still has high side effects and recurrence rates. Cold atmospheric plasma is a fledgling reactive oxygen species (ROS)–based therapeutic technique for cancer treatment. In this study, we examined the feasibility of plasma‐activated saline (PAS) perfusion for treating NMIBC. The results show that underwater bubble plasma can generate abundant ROS in PAS. In vitro studies revealed that PAS could trigger apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells by activating the ROS‐mediated caspase‐3 cascade reaction. In vivo tests revealed that intravesical PAS perfusion effectively inhibited nonmuscle‐invasive T24 tumor growth without significant side effects. Therefore, our results suggest that intravesical PAS perfusion may be a novel treatment option for NMIBC.
Oxygen in the newborn period: Could the oxygen reserve index offer a new perspective?
Authors: Liz Catarina Ferraz , Proença Elisa
Published: October 2024

Oxygen therapy has been one of the main challenges in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The guidelines currently in use try to balance the burden of hypoxia and hyperoxia such as retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death. The goal of this paper is to review neonatal oxygenation and the impact of hyperoxia and hypoxia in neonatal outcomes as well as review the available literature concerning the use of Oxygen Reserve Index (ORiTM) in clinical practice and its potential in Neonatology, particularly in NICU. Pulse oximetry has been used to monitor oxygenation in newborns with the advantage of being a noninvasive and continuous parameter, however it has limitations in detecting hyperoxemic states due to the flattening of the hemoglobin dissociation curve. The ORiTM is a new parameter that has been used to detect moderate hyperoxia and, when used in addiction to spO2, could be helpful in both hypoxia and hyperoxia. Studies using this tool are mainly in the adult population, during anesthetic procedures with only a small number of studies being performed in pediatric context. Oxygen targets remain a major problem for neonatal population and regardless of the efforts made to establish a safe oxygenation range, a more individualized approach seems to be the more appropriate pathway. ORiTM monitoring could help defining how much oxygen is too much for each newborn. Despite its promising potential, ORiTM is still a recent technology that requires more studies to determine its true potential in clinical practice.
Insights Into the Molecular Interactions of MIC2 and M2AP: Role of TSR6 and Conservation Across Species
Authors: Xia Xu , Du Chenqiang , Wang Yang , Song Gaojie
Published: October 2024

Microneme protein 2 (MIC2) and its associated protein M2AP are pivotal for the gliding motility and host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii. In our prior work, we showed that M2AP binds specifically to the sixth TSR domain of MIC2, with this interaction mediated dominantly by the hotspot residue H620 situated at the center of TSR6. To delve deeper into the functional significance of H620 and explore the dynamic behavior of Y602, we conducted molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of the Toxoplasma TSR6‐M2AP complex, encompassing both wild‐type and mutant forms. Our findings underscore the critical role of H620 within TSR6, particularly its hydrogen bond interaction with K72 of M2AP. The H620A mutation disrupts the nearby hydrophobic network while minimally affecting other hydrophilic interactions. Furthermore, our data reveal a highly conserved binding pose between M2AP and TSR6 across different species, consistent with previous trans‐genera studies, thereby offering insights for future strategies in infection control development.
Non‐invasive surrogates for right Ventricular‐Pulmonary arterial coupling: a systematic review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Golbin Jem M. , Shukla Neehal , Nero Neil , Hockstein Maxwell A. , Tonelli Adriano R. , Siuba Matthew T.
Published: October 2024

Right ventricle‐pulmonary artery (RV‐PA) coupling describes the energetic relationship between RV contractility and its afterload. The gold standard for assessment of this relationship requires invasive pressure‐volume (PV) loop measurements. Non‐invasive surrogates of RV‐PA coupling have been developed, such as the echocardiographic tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio (TAPSE/PASP), but their performance has not been systematically assessed. We sought to assess performance of TAPSE/PASP ratio compared to PV loop‐defined RV‐PA coupling. A systematic search was conducted. Studies were included if PV loop derived RV‐PA coupling metrics were compared to echocardiographic or magnetic resonance imaging surrogates. We conducted a meta‐analysis of TAPSE/PASP correlation to PV loop‐defined RV‐PA coupling. 1452 studies were identified in the initial search, of which ten met inclusion criteria. Five studies allowed for pooled analysis of TAPSE/PASP to Ees/Ea correlation (r = 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.65). There was moderate heterogeneity across the pooled studies. Despite the common use of Non‐invasive surrogates of RV‐PA coupling, there is only moderate correlation with gold standard measurements. These metrics do not inform on the individual components of RV‐PA coupling, limiting their use in the management of patients with RV dysfunction.
Adapt to changes stemming from demographic shifts
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2024

PHILADELPHIA — Declining birth and graduation rates, increasing diversity, changing academic readiness, and shifting socio‐economic factors all influence college student enrollment patterns.
Punishment or reward? Environmental information disclosure in Chinese listed companies based on evolutionary game systems
Authors: Cai Rongjiang , Wang Xi , Zhang Tao , Liu Nana , Jia Qiaoran
Published: October 2024

In February 2022, the Chinese government implemented a mandatory environmental information disclosure policy for publicly traded corporations. To assess the factors influencing environmental information disclosure, we developed a tripartite evolutionary game system model based on strategic interactions between the government, enterprises and the public. Afterwards, we conducted a simulation to examine the systemic interaction equilibrium among the parties involved. Additionally, we assessed critical factor changes in decision‐making for three stakeholders: initial strategy selection, related policy subsidies, regulatory penalties and public incentives. Incorporating Gaussian white noise into the evolutionary game model enhances the realism of simulations, allowing for a more accurate representation of how random disturbances affect decision‐making among the government, the public and enterprises. The study reveals that the active participation of the public in information disclosure activities has a certain degree of substitution effect on the government's choice to regulate high‐quality information disclosure by enterprises actively. The penalty mechanism is more effective than the subsidy mechanism. The public's decision‐making process is susceptible to the direct economic benefits that enterprises can gain from disclosing low‐quality environmental information.
Rolled Thickness Prediction for Titanium/Steel‐Clad Plates Based on Combined Method of Theoretical and Neural Network
Authors: Li Songsong , Wang Sanzhong , Li Wei , Zhang Genmao , Huang Ziteng , Luo Xu , Yu Hui
Published: October 2024

To address the issue of low precision in rolled thickness prediction for titanium/steel‐clad plates, theoretical calculation and back propagation (BP) neural network prediction models are established based on the slab method and the rolled measured data, respectively. Furthermore, to solve the model's black‐box problem while also improving thickness prediction accuracy, three combined prediction models are built using the principles of compensating multiplicative error, additive error, and average error based on the model's advantages and features for thickness prediction. During the modeling phase, 1925 groups of manufacturing data for titanium/steel‐clad plate rolling are selected and normalized to form the data set. The trial‐and‐error method is used to determine the optimal network structure for the BP neural network. The model's performance is assessed by calculating the mean square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination (R2) and comparing the relative errors in prediction outcomes across different models. In the results, it is demonstrated that the average error combined model (Combined Model III) performs better and predicts more accurately.
Sustainable materials systems for triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Hao Yijun , Zhang Chuguo , Su Wei , Zhang Hongke , Qin Yong , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Xiuhan
Published: October 2024

Benefiting from the high sensitivity and electromechanical conversion efficiency, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely used in various fields of self‐powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting, which have great potential for application in future smart Internet of Things. The development of sustainable triboelectric materials with high‐performance has a vital impact on the construction of TENG devices that combine high‐output performance and environmental friendliness, which have a positive impact on the sustainable development of humanity. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the latest research work on TENG's sustainable materials. First, an overall overview is provided based on the composition of the materials, including amino acids, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymer, and the representative research works are further classified and summarized in detail. In addition, the latest research progress of TENG with sustainable materials in the fields of self‐powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting applications is also summarized. Finally, the overviews are provided for the various challenges in the current development of TENG's sustainable material, and the related outlooks are offered on the corresponding development strategies and directions of this field in the future.
Graphene‐Based Catalysts: Emerging Applications and Potential Impact
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas , Allag Nassiba , Naveed‐Ur‐Rehman Mir , Islam Bhat Shahidul
Published: October 2024

Carbon nanofillers in general and graphene in particular are considered as promising potential candidates in catalysis due to their two‐dimensional (2D) nature, zero bandwidth, single atom thickness with a promising high surface area: volume ratio. Additionally, graphene oxide via result of tunable electrical properties has also been developed as a catalytic support for metal and metal oxide nanofillers. Moreover, the possession of higher chemical stability followed by ultrahigh thermal conductivity plays a prominent role in promoting higher reinforcement of catalytically active sites. In this review we have started with an overview of carbon nanofillers as catalyst support, their main characteristics and applications for their use in heterogeneous catalysis. The review article also critically focusses on the catalytic properties originating from both functional groups as well as doping. An in‐depth literature on the various reaction catalysed by metal oxide based nanoparticles supported on GO/rGO has also been incorporated with a special focus on the overall catalytic efficiency with respect to graphene contribution. The future research prospective in the aforementioned field has also been discussed.
Effects of Different Technological Forms of the Perilla frutescens in the Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, Ruminal Biohydrogenation and Milk Quality in Dairy Goats
Authors: Beyzi Selma Büyükkılıç , Ülger İsmail , Kaya Emrah , Ocak Buğra , Konca Yusuf
Published: October 2024

Background

Fatty acids can be protected by changing their structure or form against microbial activity, and the different forms of fatty acids can modulate the ruminal biohydrogenation rate and contribute to the desired fatty acid profile in milk fat.

Objectives

The study investigated the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) dietary supplementation in the diet in different technological forms (seed, oil and formaldehyde‐treated oil) on milk, plasma and ruminal fatty acid composition, and milk quality in lactating goats.

Methods

The four dietary treatments consisted of (1) no supplementation, basal diet (CON); (2) perilla supplementation as seed at 44.7 g/kg (consisting of 20 g/kg oil (PS)); (3) perilla supplementation as oil at 20 g/kg (PO); (4) perilla supplementation as formaldehyde treated oil at 20 g/kg (protected perilla oil [PPO]). The experiment was implemented in a double 4 × 4 Latin square trial design, and sampling was carried out for 7 days after 21 days of adaptation.

Results

Performance parameters were not affected by P. frutescens supplementation to the diet. PO decreased milk fat, whereas PPO increased milk fat. Milk cholesterol was not affected by P. frutescens dietary supplementation. Perilla oil supplementation in different forms to the diet did not affect ruminal pH, VFA and methane production. Perilla oil supplementation in different forms to the diet did not also affect the concentration of blood serum glucose, cholesterol and non‐esterified fatty acids. Perilla supplementation to the diet increased the milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3n‐3, C22:5n‐3, C20:5n‐3, C22:6n‐3 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, and PPO group showed the greatest values. Ruminal palmitic (C16:0) acid was decreased, and in perilla groups, stearic acid (C18:0) concentration had the lowest, and ruminal c‐9, t‐11 CLA concentration had the highest value in PPO.

Conclusions

It has been found that the most effective form of perilla oil in increasing milk quality is that with formaldehyde treatment (protected form). Perilla oil, which is a rich source of omega 3 in the diet, can be used to increase milk quality in goats without adversely affecting performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters.
The Role of Nondestructive Assay in Safeguards, Security, and Safety
Authors: Geist W. H. , Conner J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter defines nondestructive assay (NDA) and discusses the application of NDA to support nuclear safeguards, security, and safety. International safeguards is applied at the facility level, state level, and used by international and regional authorities. The nuclear material accounting and control system which heavily relies on NDA is a system to enhance nuclear security. NDA also directly supports nuclear security through detection and assessment of radioactive material found out of regulatory control. NDA techniques supports criticality safety and compliance by through holdup and waste measurements.
Principles of Neutron Multiplicity
Authors: Henzlova D. C. , Ensslin N. , Favalli A. , Geist W. H. , Holzleitner L. , Koehler K. , Krick M. S. , Pickrell M. M. , Reilly T. D. , Stewart J. E. , Veal K. D.
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the extension of the neutron coincidence technique to the measurement of higher orders of correlation (beyond pairs). Successful use of this technique requires more efficient neutron detectors but allows measurement of items with more unknown properties (like impurities). The chapter includes a description of the electronics which is used as well as a mathematical description of the measured quantities and their relation to the properties of interest of the measured item. This is done for both passive methods (using the neutrons emitted from the item) as well as active methods (in which an external neutron source is used to induce fissions in the measured item). The chapter describes how the detectors are characterized and calibrated and presents areas of application and algorithm developments. The section on active counting describes the important concept of item coupling. The chapter concludes with a section on high accidentals multiplicity counting.
Active Neutron Instrumentation and Applications
Authors: Swinhoe M. T. , Ensslin N. , Evans L. G. , Geist W. H. , Krick M. S. , Lousteau A. L. , McElroy R. , Pickrell M. M. , Rinard P.
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the use of active neutron instrumentation, in which an external neutron source is used to induce fission in the item of interest. The chapter includes a description of the properties of a variety of neutron sources that can be used to induce fission in the item. The application presented include single neutron counting (Cf shuffler and the differential dieaway technique) and active coincidence counting (active well coincidence counter and various neutron collars for fresh uranium fuel). The chapter concludes with a description of active neutron multiplicity counting, including the active epithermal neutron multiplicity counter.
Perimeter Radiation Monitors
Authors: Paff M. G. , Toevs J.
Published: October 2024

Radiation portal monitors (RPMs) have uses in a wide variety of application spaces. Certain facilities, such as scrap metal processing plants, use RPMs to screen all incoming feed material to protect their facility, workers, and product from scrap metal contaminated with radiation sources that can include orphan industrial or medical radiation sources. In the nuclear security arena, RPMs are frequently used to screen people, vehicles, and cargo containers as they enter or exit a country via a land border crossing, an international airport, or a seaport. At nuclear facilities, perimeter radiation monitors are located at the periphery of nuclear-material and radioactive-contamination control areas to detect accidental or covert removal of radioactive materials. This chapter discusses various applications of perimeter monitors and gives primary emphasis to RPMs used to screen for material found out of regulatory control.
Principles of Calorimetric Assay
Authors: Croce M. P. , Bracken D. S. , Likes R. N. , Rudy C. R. , Santi P. A.
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the various physical principles associated with the calorimetric assay method for determining the mass of radionuclides within an item based on a combination of a thermal power measurement and knowledge of the isotopic composition of the item. The principles that are discussed within this chapter include the method for performing a calorimetric assay method, the production of heat from nuclear materials, the determination of specific thermal power for a given item containing radionuclides, and descriptions of the types of heat-flow calorimeters that have been used to perform measurements on nuclear material bearing items.
Calorimetric Assay Instruments
Authors: Croce M. P. , Bracken D. S. , Brochard X. , Likes R. N. , Rudy C. R. , Santi P. A.
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides descriptions of various calorimeters that have been used to perform calorimetric assay ranging from calorimeters designed to measure small samples to calorimeter designed to measure 55- gallon drums. Examples of calorimeters which used both Wheatstone bridge temperature sensors as well as solid state sensors are presented within the chapter.
Determining the Population Health Impact of Environmental Noise
Authors: Brink Mark , Haagsma Juanita
Published: October 2024

Long-term exposure to environmental noise, such as road traffic or railway noise, can result in severe health consequences. In the EU in terms of the burden of disease (BoD), environmental noise is estimated to be the second most important environmental risk factor after air pollution.