bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated with Sub-Clinical Mastitis and Antibacterial Resistance in Small-Holder Dairy Farms of Kajiado North Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Ngotho Maina , Kagira John , Nkoiboni Daniel , Njoroge Janet , Maina Naomi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Worldwide, there is a paucity of literature on subclinical mastitis, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from dairy animals kept in peri-urban areas. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to selected antibiotics in dairy cows kept by small-scale farmers in Kajiado North Sub-County, Kenya. Simultaneously, a questionnaire was administered to determine and assess the risk factors associated with mastitis.
Materials and methods: Milk was obtained from all quarters of 101 lactating dairy cows, sampled from 50 farms, and screened for SCM using California Mastitis Test. The samples were cultured and bacteria identified using standard bacteriological methods. Antibacterial sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli isolates were tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, against commonly used antibiotics.
Results: The prevalence of SCM at cow and udder quarter levels were 51.2% and 47.5%, respectively. The prevalence of the bacteria was Staphylococcus spp. (51.4%), Klebsiella spp. (40.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (34.6%) and E. coli (11.8%). The risk factors significantly associated with SCM were breed, parity, lactation stage, and milking hygiene. The highest prevalence of SCM was found in cows in late-stage lactation (78%) with the lowest in those in early-stage lactation (37.5%). A higher prevalence of SCM was found in cows housed in farm structures having poor hygiene (95%). The highest prevalence of SCM was in Friesian breeds (67.3%) and the least affected were the indigenous cows (27.3%). Cows in the fourth and higher parities were the most (64.7%) affected by SCM. Most of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates were found to exhibit resistance to oxytetracycline (73%) but had high sensitivity to gentamycin (69%). All E. coli isolates showed resistance to oxytetracycline while a 75% were sensitive to Chloramphenicol. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of cows were affected by SCM, with the main causative agent being Staphylococcus spp.
Conclusion: The study shows that antibiotic resistance was alarmingly high in the study animals. The predisposing factors should be further investigated with a view to developing necessary interventions.
How does the hotel reviews from websites affect the rate of hotel booking of Centara hotels and resorts?
Authors:   , Nganthanaphanich Kamolluck
Published: June 2023

In recent years, online channel becomes a platform to generate sales. Before deciding to purchase customer will consult with reviews on internet. As customer tend to participate in the internet of things, this paper applies the factors impact customer decision on booking intention. The purpose of this experiment approach is to examine the influencing factors of occupancy rate in order to analyze performance of hotel. The research presents the result of regression that has been tested through the paper along with hypotheses related to the booking intention. As deluxe hotel could impact customer who prefer quality rather concern about the cost. The customer who decide to purchase a room would concern more on quality of service, positive brand image would increase brand awareness. This study finds that the effect of other factors is important to enhance occupancy rate of Centara.
Senior citizen community center during the day, the children’s room in the evening, ‘Dream Smile’: A case study of Gangdong-gu, Seoul Metropolitan Government
Authors:   Academy of Urban Health, Pyoun Hae Sug
Published: May 2023

The Gangdong-gu Dream Smile project is an innovative initiative that was developed based on the input of residents in the community. The goal of the project is to support the healthy growth of children and address any gaps in care by providing a dedicated space for children and youth activities at senior centres after hours. This project is an excellent example of how private resources can be leveraged to create a child-friendly and healthy city.
The project was developed with the active participation of local residents and the community. However, there were some challenges in securing facilities due to objections from the senior centres. Nevertheless, through extensive engagement and consultation, such as providing briefings to residents, improving the internal environment, and collecting feedback, the project was able to garner support from seniors, children’s Guild Movement Group, local child welfare experts and activists, and local residents. Additionally, the project established a user-led space for children and youth, which sets it apart from other facilities.
Overall, the Gangdong-gu Dream Smile project is an excellent example of community-driven innovation that promotes healthy growth and wellbeing of children.
The project’s success was made possible through collaboration and engagement with the local community, and it serves as a model for other communities looking to create child-friendly and healthy spaces.
Trends in urban health research within health and welfare studies in Korea
Authors:   Academy of Urban Health, Choi Eun Jin
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the trend of research on urban health in the disciplines of health and welfare by reviewing publications on urban health. Publications were searched using city and health related keywords in Korean Health and Welfare Institute’s open access repository. Research on urban health mainly discussed social issues, including family, housing, homelessness, socio-economic and physical environments in urban and rural areas. Local governments’ health and welfare policy budgets were also commonly addressed in studying the wellbeing of the residents in disadvantaged urban areas.
Research on health impact assessments were found to address the broader social and environmental determinants of health in cities. As the findings illustrate, urban health research needs to continuously address those environmental and social determinants of urban health with a focus on transforming policy and governance through community empowerment.
THE ONE MILLION TUMBLER MOVEMENT: STATE CIVIL SERVANTS’ PERCEPTION ON TUMBLER USE AND PLASTIC WASTE REDUCTION
Authors:   Pusat Riset Kependudukan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Jln. Gatot Subroto No. Kav. 10 DKI Jakarta 12710, Indonesia, Septina Ane Dwi , Pradipto Surendro ,   ²Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Jln. Gatot Subroto Jakarta, Indonesia, Pribadi Mirna Aulia ,   ³Pusat Standardisasi Instrumen Ketahanan Bencana dan Perubahan Iklim, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Jln, Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

One of the Indonesian government's steps to overcome the plastic waste problem is by initiating The One Million Tumbler Movement campaign. Civil Servants as government agents must have good knowledge and apply this policy in their lives and their environment. This is a case study approach through in-depth interviews, field observation, and literature study. The informant of this study was The Center for Standardization of Disaster and Climate Change Instruments (PUSAT-SIKBPI) civil servants with structural and functional career backgrounds. The result showed that the civil servants have knowledge about plastic waste reduction and have a supportive perception of tumbler use. The Center for Standardization of Disaster and Climate Change Instruments’ management supports the tumbler's use as a new habit related to The One Million Tumbler Movement campaign. The family values on environment characterize the tumbler and plastic bag uses in general. However, although civil servants’ environmental awareness has formed, the Covid-19 pandemic has made plastic consumption unavoidable. Support from the environment (The management and the family environment) is essential to help civil servants continue habitual implementation of tumbler use and the plastic awareness movement in general.
Guía multimedia APK y su incidencia en el aprendizaje de matemáticas en estudiantes de educación general básica media durante el periodo de teletrabajo por emergencia sanitaria
Authors: Zumba Novay Ember Geovanny , Hernández Guilcapi Arturo Hernán , Chafla Usca María Fernanda , Peña Robles Carmen Jhuliana
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo corresponde a una guía multimedia dirigida para estudiantes de octavo año de Educación General Básica Media basada en aplicaciones móviles en sistema operativos Android que permite al estudiante llevar un proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje adecuado en el ámbito de la Matemática sin la necesidad del uso del servicio de internet. Esta investigación es de tipo observacional, descriptiva y de corte transversal. La aplicación fue diseñada en la plataforma App Inventor de Google Labs para creaciones basadas en sistemas operativos Android. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta a 36 estudiantes y como instrumento, el cuestionario. La información fue procesada en el programa estadístico SPSS v.27. En el proceso diagnóstico que evaluó los logros de aprendizaje de los estudiantes mostraron una deficiencia de conocimiento en la mayoría de ellos, además de diferencias importantes entre aquellos que no tenían acceso a internet y los que sí tenían. No se evidenciaron diferencias sustanciales respecto al sexo, ni diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las categorías del nivel de conocimiento antes y después de la aplicación.
"Sur la cohésion interne des termes complexes. Quelques matrices de formation"
Authors:   West University of Timişoara, Pitar Mariana
Published: May 2023

Le terme constitue l’unité de base du vocabulaire de spécialité et en même temps l’unité de traduction. Si les termes simples sont faciles à saisir, les termes complexes posent des problèmes quant à leur délimitation. Comprenant assez souvent une série de plusieurs lexèmes, ce type de termes commence, après une certaine limite de mots, à se confondre avec les structures libres ou mi-figées. Dans cette étude nous nous proposons d’analyser les relations sémantiques et morpho-syntaxiques entre les lexèmes qui composent un terme complexe, considérées comme facteurs de cohésion forte. Nous allons mettre en évidence des patrons de structures qui vont des plus simples, du genre un déterminant/un déterminé, vers des structures de plus en plus complexes en essayant de voir dans quelle mesure le nombre croissant de déterminants, ainsi que leur position par rapport au terme noyau, brise la cohésion interne de ces termes.
Etude Bibliographique sur la Phytochimie et les Activités Biologiques de Eucalyptus globulus L. (Myrtaceae)
Authors:   Université de Kisangani, Mbula Jean Pierre , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Jean-Paul
Published: June 2023

L'objectif de ce travail est de passer en révue les données de la littérature rapportées sur l’espèce Eucalyptus globulus concernant sa phytochimie et ses activités afin de montrer comment l’espèce Eucalyptus globulus peut être utilisées dans le traitement des plusieures maladies. Une étude antérieure a montré que divers composés ont été extraits de cette espèce, il s’agit notamment de 1,8-cinéole (48.6%), α-pinène (9,7%), globulol, Aromadendrène; isovaléraldéhyde, spathulénol, Isoamyisovalerate (1,1%), trans-Carveol (0,8%), Carvacrol (0,1%), α -Terpinyl acetate (0,3%), Geranyl acetate (0,1%), Aromadendrène (4,6%), Ledene (0,6%),Viridiflorol (0,4%),Globulol (10,9%), α –Eudesmol (0,8%),Juriper Camphor (0,6%), etc… Une revue de la littérature révèle que l’espèce E. globulus et leurs huiles essentielles sont actives contre un grand nombre de virus et même contre le SARS-CoV-1 qui partage 96% des gènes avec le SARS-CoV-2. Les études ont aussi montré que cette plante est douée des plusieurs activités biologiques (antivirale, anti-oxydante, antibactérienne, insecticide, acaricide, antipaludique et antifongique). Mots clés : Eucalyptus globulus, activités biologiques, usages, métabolites, phytochimie
Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, JSPM’S Jayawantrao Sawant College of Engineering, Hadapsar, pune, India., V.V Kalunge , Sonawane Kalpesh , Bhonsle Rohan , More Saurav , Bhosle Nikita
Published: May 2023

Chronic diseases like diabetes have the potential to wreck the world's health care system. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there are 382 million diabetics worldwide. By 2035, this will increase to 592 million. Diabetes is a disease characterised by high blood glucose levels. The signs of this raised blood sugar level include increased thirst, appetite, and frequency of urinating. Diabetes is a significant contributing factor to heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, amputations, blindness, and kidney failure. When we eat, our bodies turn the food we consume into sugars like glucose. Then, we anticipate insulin to be released from our pancreas. Insulin functions as a key to unlock our cells, allowing glucose to enter and be used as fuel by us. However, in diabetes, this mechanism does not work. The most common types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2, but there are others, including gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy. Machine learning is a new area in data science that investigates how machines learn from experience. The purpose of this work is to develop a system that, by combining the findings of different machine learning algorithms, can more correctly identify early diabetes in a patient. Some of the approaches used include Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and the Nave Bayes Algorithm. The accuracy of each algorithm is computed alongside.
The effect of tax compliance and good governance in Nigeria
Authors:   Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria, Olaniyan Niyi Oladipo
Published: May 2023

The study examined the effect of tax compliance and good governance in Nigeria. It specifically investigated the effect of voluntary tax compliance on public accountability and transparency, enforcement tax compliance on government efficiency, tax avoidance on corruption control and tax evasion on good governance in Nigeria. This Study is predicated on the Traditional or Deterrence Theory of taxation, Political Legitimacy Theory, and Theory of Planned Behaviour. Secondary data source was explored in presenting the facts of the situation. Secondary data source was explored in presenting the facts of the situation. The secondary data were obtained from relevant literatures, Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics publications among other. Data were tested using the Ordinary Least Square Linear Regression model. From the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics, information concerning voluntary tax compliance, compulsory tax compliance, tax avoidance and tax evasion were extracted. The findings revealed among other things that all the coefficients of the explanatory variables in model are all statistically significant to good governance except tax evasion. The study concluded that, voluntary and compulsory tax compliance are both component of tax compliance to enhance good governance for the development of the country. The study then recommends among others, that to ensure sustainable good governance , generation of tax revenue must be sufficient by complying with tax , efficiently and judiciously utilized. The government should pay attention to encouraging her citizens to build trust in it by tax accountability, ensuring that the promises made to the citizens are delivered.
Women and broadcast news presentation in Nigeria: television as gendered
Authors:   University of Jos, Bulus Comfort , Lwahas Sarah ,   University of Jos
Published: May 2023

The images of women in the media have had a damaging effect on women’s performance and have prevented women from having a significant impact in many key institutions. Women are often underrepresented at all levels of government thereby limiting their power. The media in Nigeria have not given women the required space to operate as they should either structurally within media administration or psychologically in the representation of women's images. This study sought to find out how women news presenters have fared in News Presentation in Nigeria. It focused on identifying the factors that affect their job, reasons for the absence of older women in presentation and challenges of mentorship for women presenters. This was discussed in relation to how they have affected women’s performance. Attribution theory was used and semi - structured interviews were conducted with 5 female news presenters, 2 female program managers, 3 male news presenters and 2 male program managers from two selected media organizations in Jos namely, Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Network and Plateau Radio Television Corporation (PRTVC) to enrich the qualitative presentation of data. This study revealed that there is a need for Nigerian women presenters to show sensitivity for a wider range of topics/issues bringing to the fore the perspectives/perceptions women have. Women are also in need of more training and mentorship should not only be encouraged but sustained.
Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia
Authors:   KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria, Joshua Segun , Ityonzughul Thaddeus T. ,   KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria, Amoke Gloria Obioma ,   Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

This study explores the role of ECOWA in the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia. The 2016 election was surprisingly won by the leader of an opposition coalition; Adama Barrow. Barrow defeated Yayha Jammeh, who had already won consecutively four previous presidential elections. This marked the terminal point of Jammeh’s 20-years rule of Gambia, marred with human rights abuses. Jammeh initially conceded defeat but later changed his mind after a week, thus triggering a major political conflict. For months, he made incessant desperate attempts to cling to power, before finally leaving the country on 21 January 2017, when it appeared he would be removed by force. Indeed, different stakeholders including the ECOWAS played a vital role for ensuring peace in Gambia. In this connection, this study discusses exclusively the roles of ECOWAS in mitigating the conflict under consideration. With extant literature and oral sources backed with the realist conflict theory, the paper traces the historical foundations of the ECOWAS and electoral conflict in Gambia. It emphasizes the roles the organization has played in mitigating the post-2016 electoral conflict in the Country. The study reveals that ECOWAS was able to restore civil rule and peace in the country by threatening the use of force. ECOWAS enjoyed the support of both African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN). The two organizations gave ECOWAS the much needed support. This conflict resolution in the Gambia was termed the African solution to African problems. Hence this study recommends among others that ECOWAS should continue to act as the regional defender because the numerous conflicts in the region are indeed African problems and should therefore be tackled by Africans themselves.
The influence of profit sharing in sustaining corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on firm performance: a cointegration approach
Authors:   Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Olaniyan Niyi Oladipo , Ayodele Johnson Eyitope ,   Ekiti State University, Ekiti, Nigeria, Ekundayo Ayodele Temitope ,   Ekiti State University, Ekiti, Nigeria, Bamisaye Theresa Omolade ,   Ekiti State University, Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: June 2023

The study examined the influence of profit sharing in sustaining corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on firm performance in Nigeria. This Study is predicated on the Stewardship and Agency theory. The study disaggregated firm performance into revenue, market share, profitability and cash flow in line with the theories reviewed. The data were obtained from the company review published audit financial report. Collected data covered the period of 27 years spanning from 1992-2019. Based on the mixed level of stationarity of the variables as revealed by the unit root test, the study made use of auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to analysis the data. The bound test revealed that; there was presence of co-integration (long-run relationship) among the dependent and all the explanatory variables consequently the study estimated the ARDLECM. The result revealed that market share have positive and non-significant influences corporate governance and corporate social responsibility, the result further showed that Revenue (RVN), Profitability(PRT) and Cash Flow (CFL) had a positive and significant impact on corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in Nigeria which is a clear indication that profit sharing have positive and significant influence in sustaining corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on firms performance both in short and long run. The findings of this study are in tandem with stewardship theory.
The Dynamics of Educational Technology in Raising Learners' Awareness in a Chaotic Time
Authors:   Educational Technology Department, College of Education Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria, OGUNLADE Bamidele Olusola
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the dynamism of educational technology in enhancing learners' awareness during a turbulent time. The researcher used a descriptive research design of survey types for the study, with a sample of 550 respondents chosen randomly from five schools in the Nigerian city of Ado-Ekiti. The researcher gathered data via self-created questionnaires and discovered a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Respondents' opinions were analyzed using simple percentages, and the study hypotheses were examined using the PPMC (Pearson Product Movement Correlation) approach. The result found that 320 students, or 58.2%, agreed with the statement that the environment in which they live determines their understanding of educational technology. The findings also revealed a strong correlation between the variables (environmental factors, a lack of educational technology resources, parental socio-economic position, and gender) and secondary school students' academic awareness. (r =.420**, N = 200, P.05) It is recommended that teachers motivate students to use educational digital learning tools to aid their studies rather than rely on the teachers' teaching notes. Teachers should add more educational internet apps to the school's learning lab and convince learners to use digital learning tools to support their teachers' efforts during challenging home and school periods.
Rethinking creativity and innovation in community education: a practical approach
Authors:   Department of Educational Foundations, Kampala International University, Uganda, Betiang Peter A.
Published: May 2023

The need to reinvent the approach to teaching and learning in community education cannot be overemphasized. Being education in the non-formal mode, community education seeks to address the immediate needs of the recipients at the personal, group and community levels. This education targets the felt and shared needs of the community, through a collaborative approach that seeks to involve all stakeholders. Sadly however, it has been observed that community education is slipping gradually into the pattern, mode and focus of formal school education, with its attendant shortcomings and incapacity in tackling immediate problem, such as crime, corruption, unemployment, restiveness, ethnic Chauvinism, etc. This paper argues that through adopting creative approaches to the theory and practice of community education, some of these problems could be mitigated planning, conceptualization; such innovation should cover implementation and evaluation processes, hence rendering itself more relevant and responsive to the immediate needs and aspirations of contemporary Nigerian society.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 1 Tanasitolo
Authors: Hj. Andi Ebe  , Nurcaya Nurcaya , Jumadi Jumadi , Hj. Herniyastuti  , Aulia Adhari
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Application of Problem Based Learning Type Cooperative Learning Model  to Improve Learning Activities and Outcomes Indonesian Class VIII C Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanasitolo.  The study aims to determine the improvement of Indonesian activities and learning outcomes through the application of a Problem Based Leaarning (PBL) type cooperative learning model for class VIII C students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanasitolo, Wajo Regency. The approach used in this study uses a qualitative approach with the type of class action research, the subject of this study is class VIII C students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanasitolo, Wajo Regency in the even semester of the 2018/2019 academic year totaling 21 students. This study was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle is held 3 times. The learning process of each meeting is designed using a Problem Based Learning (PBL) type cooperative learning model. At the end of cycle I, namely the third meeting and the end of cycle II, namely the sixth meeting, data collection was carried out using a learning outcomes test. The results showed that the increase in student learning activities increased from 54.16 to 84.42 and the average student learning outcome score increased from 65.71 to 87.14.
In Silico Molecular Docking Study for Prediction of Binding Affinities to Penicillin Binding Proteins and β-Lactamases of Amino Acids-Cephalexin conjugates
Authors: Shakir Mahmood Alwan  , Jaafar S. Shia
Published: May 2023

Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin with high antibacterial activity against a number of microbes. Cephalexin is highly sensitive and could be hydrolyzed by almost all of β-lactamases. An in silico prediction and evaluation study is performed to find a possibility of bringing new life to cephalexin, and other cephalosporins that are susceptible to hydrolysis by lactamases. This approach includes an introduction of an amino acid moiety into cephalexin through an amide bond with its primary amine group. This amino acid moiety is expected to provide steric hindrance and protecting the β-lactam ring from being hydrolyzed. In silico study included measurement of binding affinity to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases and to β-lactamases. Drug likeness and Molinspiration calculations were recorded to find a reliable correlation with better activity and stability against β-lactamases. The newly suggested conjugates that recorded the best score of binding affinity on PBPs are L-Phe-Cephalexin, L-Arg-Cephalexin, L-Tyr-Cephalexin and L-Thr-Cephalexin. Two of these conjugates, namely, L-Arg-Cephalexin and L-Tyr-Cephalexin recorded high binding affinity scores on D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases. Moreover, the predicted stability of L-Arg-Cephalexin and L-Tyr-Cephalexin conjugates against β-lactamases was recorded. Drug-Likeness parameters have shown that L-Cys-Cephalexin, L-Lys-Cephalexin and L-Arg-Cephalexin conjugates were the best compounds recording the highest binding affinity. In conclusion, the amino acid-linked cephalexin conjugates were found to possess high binding affinity to PBPs, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases and β-lactamases, which may encourage the synthesis and intensive evaluation.
Distribution, conservation, and vulnerability to climate change of the Ecuadorian Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Primates: Atelidae)
Authors: Gallo-Viracocha Freddy , Urgilés-Verdugo Carlos , Fuentes Nathalia , Alfonso-Cortes Felipe , Zurita-Arthos Leo , Torres Tamia Camila , Tirira Diego G.
Published: May 2023

The Ecuadorian Brown-headed Spider Monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps) is one of the most threatened primates globally; recently, it was recorded in areas where it had been considered locally extinct. We used ecological niche models to generate potential suitable areas within its current distribution and assess its potential adaptation to future climate change scenarios by 2050. The potential suitable areas for its distribution total 9556 km2. Habitat loss has divided the current range of the species in two large areas (north and south), and the effects of climate change will likely divide the section in several ecological units by 2050. Under the influence of climate change, the environmentally suitable area will contract between 26 and 46%. This contraction affects landscapes outside protected areas where A. f. fusciceps is currently present. Our results show a high fragility of ecosystems where the species is present, and current conditions pose a high risk for the species in the short term. We recommend focusing conservation efforts in northern protected areas while improving connectivity between southern forest remnants, where ecological conditions will remain steady in the medium term.
The influence of new nurses’ knowledge, nursing performance, and educational needs of chemotherapy medication on chemotherapy medication errors
Authors: Song Eon Jeong , Lee Gyu Young
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the chemotherapy medication errors made by new nurses and to use the results as basic data for the development of a chemotherapy medication nursing education program for new nurses.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 189 new nurses working at a general hospital and a tertiary general hospital in Korea. The data collection period was from January 11 to February 7, 2021. The data collected during this study were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 25.0 program. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis.Results: One factor influencing chemotherapy medication errors was new nurses’ educational needs (odds ratio=.18, p=.005). As educational needs increased, the probability of making errors in medication was reduced by .18.Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a chemotherapy medication education program tailored to the educational needs of new nurses by considering the education period, method, and content, with a focus on the content with high demand from new nurses.
Future expectations of adolescents from different social backgrounds
Authors: Fornell Pilar , Ortiz-Bermúdez Amaranta Úrsula , Rodríguez-Mora Álvaro , Verdugo Laura , Sánchez-Sandoval Yolanda
Published: June 2023

This paper analyzes adolescents’ future expectations (FE) and their relationship with personal variables (age, sex, self-esteem, and life satisfaction) and contextual variables (perceived social support and level of risk). The sample includes 748 adolescents, aged 9-16 (M = 11.93, SD = 1.42), coming from contexts with different levels of social risk. The results show that FE decrease as age increases, with few differences found based on sex. More positive self-perceptions and perceived social support are associated with better FE. Concerning the level of risk, more vulnerable contexts have a higher negative effect on FE. The regression analysis reveals the predictive capacity of the studied variables. The structural equation model confirms the positive causal effect of psychological adjustment and perceived social support, as well as the negative influence of contexts with greater social disadvantages on adolescent FE. The results suggest the need to establish preventive programs aimed at promoting personal resources of children, especially those who come from vulnerable contexts.

Este trabajo analiza las expectativas futuras durante la adolescencia y su relación con variables personales (edad, sexo, autoestima y satisfacción vital) y contextuales (apoyo social percibido y nivel de riesgo). La muestra está formada por 748 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años (M = 11.93, SD = 1.42) procedentes de contextos con distinto nivel de riesgo social. Los resultados muestran que las expectativas futuras disminuyen a medida que aumenta la edad, con pocas diferencias encontradas en función del sexo. Autopercepciones y sentimientos de apoyo social más positivos se asocian a mejores expectativas futuras. En relación al nivel de riesgo, contextos más vulnerables tienen un efecto negativo en las expectativas futuras. Los análisis de regresión muestran la capacidad predictiva de las variables estudiadas. Finalmente, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirma el efecto causal positivo del ajuste psicológico y del apoyo social percibido, así como la influencia negativa de los contextos con mayores desventajas sociales, sobre las expectativas de futuro. Los resultados encontrados proponen la necesidad de instaurar programas preventivos orientados a fomentar los recursos personales de los niños, especialmente en aquellos que pertenecen a contextos vulnerables.
El papel mediador del afecto negativo en la relación entre funcionamiento familiar y felicidad subjetiva en estudiantes universitarios españoles
Authors: Galian María Dolores , Ato Ester
Published: June 2023

Previous research shows that family functioning and an individual’s temperamental characteristics carry significant weight in explaining subjective happiness. However, the link between these factors is scarcely considered in emerging adulthood. For more understanding, the main aim of our study was to explore the mediating role of negative affect on the relationship between family functioning and subjective happiness among a sample of 347 college students in Spain. Results showed moderate scores in family cohesion and   flexibility were positively associated to a young person´s subjective happiness, while some extreme scores in those scales showed the opposite pattern. In contrast, negative affect was negatively associated to subjective happiness in college students. SEM analyses revealed that negative affect fully mediates the relationship between both balanced and unbalanced family functioning and subjective happiness. As regards dysfunctional family patterns, we found that negative affect fully mediated the relationship between disengaged, enmeshed and chaotic unbalanced scales, and subjective happiness. However, this mediational pattern failed to replicate in the unbalanced rigid scale. The social and clinical implications of these results on the promotion of subjective happiness in early adulthood was discussed, taking into account Spanish cultural beliefs on family functioning and well-being.

Estudios previos muestran que el funcionamiento familiar y las características temperamentales del individuo tienen un peso importante en la explicación de su felicidad subjetiva. Sin embargo, el vínculo entre estos factores ha sido escasamente estudiado en la adultez emergente. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue explorar el papel mediador del afecto negativo en la relación entre funcionamiento familiar y felicidad en una muestra de 347 estudiantes universitarios españoles. Los análisis mostraron que puntuaciones moderadas en cohesión y flexibilidad familiar se asociaron positivamente a la felicidad subjetiva, al contrario que las puntuaciones extremas de dichas escalas. Por el contrario, el afecto negativo se asoció negativamente con la felicidad. Los análisis SEM mostraron que el afecto negativo medió la relación entre funcionamiento familiar (equilibrado y desequilibrado) y felicidad subjetiva. Con respecto a los patrones familiares disfuncionales, encontramos que el afecto negativo medió la relación entre las escalas de desapego, dependencia y caos, y felicidad. Sin embargo, este patrón mediacional no se observó para la escala de rigidez. Se discuten las implicaciones sociales y clínicas que estos resultados tienen en la promoción de la felicidad subjetiva en la adultez temprana, teniendo en cuenta las creencias culturales españolas sobre funcionamiento familiar y bienestar.
Nowa delimitacja miejskich obszarów funkcjonalnych w Polsce i jej zastosowanie w praktyce zintegrowanego podejścia terytorialnego (place based approach) = A new delimitation of Functional Urban Areas in Poland and its application in the practice of the place-based approach
Authors: Churski Paweł , Adamiak Czesław , Szyda Barbara , Dubrownik Anna , Pietrzykowski Maciej , Śleszyński Przemysław
Published: June 2023

There is now a renaissance of interest in Poland’s urban regions, including the Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) and this can be considered due to a change from the administrative and sectoral approach dominating planning for regional development in the direction of a functional one. This paper presents an overview of the concepts related to FUAs and related issues, as well as methods referred to in the Polish literature when it comes to the delimitation of urban-related areas. It then goes on to propose a new delimitation of urban functional areas extending to the entire territory of the country. FUAs were delimited as nodal regions on the basis of a criterion of functional linkage – commuting and migration exchange (population check-in and check-out), using the additional criterion of maximum temporal distance. The results of the prepared means of drawing distinctions showed how the daily life of Poland's population is organised in relation to a relatively large number of diverse "micro-regions." The number of classified FUAs (413) is similar to the number of county-level administrative units known as poviats (380), while these units are characterised by different sizes and spatial extents. The work is in line with the demand for those engaging in spatial and strategic planning to think in terms of functional areas.
Índice del número 48 de CEFD
Authors: Editorial CEFD Gestión
Published: June 2023

Índice del número 48 de CEFD
Aprender a aprender, o por qué es una mala traducción y sus consecuencias para la Sociología de la Educación
Authors: Hernández Francesc J.
Published: May 2023

Reflexión de Francesc J. Hernández, de la Universitat de València, sobre "aprender a aprender".
The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods as if maximizing economic utility
Authors: Katzen Abraham , Chung Hui-Kuan , Harbaugh William T , Della Iacono Christina , Jackson Nicholas , Glater Elizabeth E , Taylor Charles J , Yu Stephanie K , Flavell Steven W , Glimcher Paul W , Andreoni James , Lockery Shawn R
Published: May 2023

In value-based decision making, options are selected according to subjective values assigned by the individual to available goods and actions. Despite the importance of this faculty of the mind, the neural mechanisms of value assignments, and how choices are directed by them, remain obscure. To investigate this problem, we used a classic measure of utility maximization, the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preference, to quantify internal consistency of food preferences in Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode worm with a nervous system of only 302 neurons. Using a novel combination of microfluidics and electrophysiology, we found that C. elegans food choices fulfill the necessary and sufficient conditions for utility maximization, indicating that nematodes behave as if they maintain, and attempt to maximize, an underlying representation of subjective value. Food choices are well-fit by a utility function widely used to model human consumers. Moreover, as in many other animals, subjective values in C. elegans are learned, a process we find requires intact dopamine signaling. Differential responses of identified chemosensory neurons to foods with distinct growth potentials are amplified by prior consumption of these foods, suggesting that these neurons may be part of a value-assignment system. The demonstration of utility maximization in an organism with a very small nervous system sets a new lower bound on the computational requirements for utility maximization and offers the prospect of an essentially complete explanation of value-based decision making at single neuron resolution in this organism.
Identification of Paired-related Homeobox Protein 1 as a key mesenchymal transcription factor in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Marchal-Duval Emmeline , Homps-Legrand Méline , Froidure Antoine , Jaillet Madeleine , Ghanem Mada , Lou Deneuville , Justet Aurélien , Maurac Arnaud , Vadel Aurelie , Fortas Emilie , Cazes Aurelie , Joannes Audrey , Giersh Laura , Mal Herve , Mordant Pierre , Piolot Tristan , Truchin Marin , Mounier Carine M , Schirduan Ksenija , Korfei Martina , Gunther Andreas , Mari Bernard , Jaschinski Frank , Crestani Bruno , Mailleux Arnaud A
Published: June 2023

Matrix remodeling is a salient feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Targeting cells driving matrix remodeling could be a promising avenue for IPF treatment. Analysis of transcriptomic database identified the mesenchymal transcription factor PRRX1 as upregulated in IPF. PRRX1, strongly expressed by lung fibroblasts, was regulated by a TGF-β/PGE2 balance in vitro in control and IPF human lung fibroblasts, while IPF fibroblast-derived matrix increased PRRX1 expression in a PDGFR-dependent manner in control ones. PRRX1 inhibition decreased human lung fibroblast proliferation by downregulating the expression of S phase cyclins. PRRX1 inhibition also impacted TGF-β driven myofibroblastic differentiation by inhibiting SMAD2/3 phosphorylation through phosphatase PPM1A upregulation and TGFBR2 downregulation, leading to TGF-β response global decrease. Finally, targeted inhibition of Prrx1 attenuated fibrotic remodeling in vivo with intra-tracheal antisense oligonucleotides in bleomycin mouse model of lung fibrosis and ex vivo using human and mouse precision-cut lung slices. Our results identified PRRX1 as a key mesenchymal transcription factor during lung fibrogenesis.
Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision-making
Authors: Shen Bo , Louie Kenway , Glimcher Paul
Published: June 2023

Inhibition is crucial for brain function, regulating network activity by balancing excitation and implementing gain control. Recent evidence suggests that beyond simply inhibiting excitatory activity, inhibitory neurons can also shape circuit function through disinhibition. While disinhibitory circuit motifs have been implicated in cognitive processes, including learning, attentional selection, and input gating, the role of disinhibition is largely unexplored in the study of decision-making. Here, we show that disinhibition provides a simple circuit motif for fast, dynamic control of network state and function. This dynamic control allows a disinhibition-based decision model to reproduce both value normalization and winner-take-all dynamics, the two central features of neurobiological decision-making captured in separate existing models with distinct circuit motifs. In addition, the disinhibition model exhibits flexible attractor dynamics consistent with different forms of persistent activity seen in working memory. Fitting the model to empirical data shows it captures well both the neurophysiological dynamics of value coding and psychometric choice behavior. Furthermore, the biological basis of disinhibition provides a simple mechanism for flexible top-down control of the network states, enabling the circuit to capture diverse task-dependent neural dynamics. These results suggest a biologically plausible unifying mechanism for decision-making and emphasize the importance of local disinhibition in neural processing.
Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth is associated with early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
Authors: de la Fuente Carla , Grondin Alexandre , Sine Bassirou , Debieu Marilyne , Belin Christophe , Hajjarpoor Amir , Atkinson Jonathan A , Passot Sixtine , Salson Marine , Orjuela Julie , Tranchant-Dubreuil Christine , Brossier Jean-Rémy , Steffen Maxime , Morgado Charlotte , Dinh Hang Ngan , Pandey Bipin K , Darmau Julie , Champion Antony , Petitot Anne-Sophie , Barrachina Celia , Pratlong Marine , Mounier Thibault , Nakombo-Gbassault Princia , Gantet Pascal , Gangashetty Prakash , Guedon Yann , Vadez Vincent , Reichheld Jean-Philippe , Bennett Malcolm J , Kane Ndjido Ardo , Guyomarc'h Soazig , Wells Darren M , Vigouroux Yves , Laplaze Laurent
Published: May 2023

Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat and drought tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet’s early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modeling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including genome-wide association study and quantitative trait loci (QTL) approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re-annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene PgGRXC9 as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest Arabidopsis homolog AtROXY19 revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment.
Dissecting muscle synergies in the task space
Authors: O'Reilly David , Delis Ioannis
Published: May 2023

The muscle synergy is a guiding concept in motor control research that relies on the general notion of muscles ‘working together’ towards task performance. However, although the synergy concept has provided valuable insights into motor coordination, muscle interactions have not been fully characterised with respect to task performance. Here, we address this research gap by proposing a novel perspective to the muscle synergy that assigns specific functional roles to muscle couplings by characterising their task-relevance. Our novel perspective provides nuance to the muscle synergy concept, demonstrating how muscular interactions can ‘work together’ in different ways: (1) irrespective of the task at hand but also (2) redundantly or (3) complementarily towards common task-goals. To establish this perspective, we leverage information- and network-theory and dimensionality reduction methods to include discrete and continuous task parameters directly during muscle synergy extraction. Specifically, we introduce co-information as a measure of the task-relevance of muscle interactions and use it to categorise such interactions as task-irrelevant (present across tasks), redundant (shared task information), or synergistic (different task information). To demonstrate these types of interactions in real data, we firstly apply the framework in a simple way, revealing its added functional and physiological relevance with respect to current approaches. We then apply the framework to large-scale datasets and extract generalizable and scale-invariant representations consisting of subnetworks of synchronised muscle couplings and distinct temporal patterns. The representations effectively capture the functional interplay between task end-goals and biomechanical affordances and the concurrent processing of functionally similar and complementary task information. The proposed framework unifies the capabilities of current approaches in capturing distinct motor features while providing novel insights and research opportunities through a nuanced perspective to the muscle synergy.