bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic Marxism in China
Authors: Wang Zhihe , Cui Zanmei , Zhang Wenxi , Tang Qing ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

Organic Marxism, a new development in the history of Marxism, has elicited scrutiny in China. Beyond merely being considered absurd, it has been accused of curbing China’s development on the pretext of ecological motivations,weakeningChina’s dominant ideology by introducing ideological competition, and enabling religious infiltration by promoting Alfred North Whitehead’s process philosophy and constructive postmodern philosophy, which are of a religious nature. Fortunately, organic Marxism has survived despite fierce attacks from fundamentalist Marxists. This paper intends to answer three questions related to this topic: How can organic Marxism survive in China? What is it about organic Marxism that attracts the Chinese most? What lessons can be learned from the fundamentalist Marxists’ attacks?
Contemporary Subject’s Identity
Authors: Kuznetsova Evgeniya V. ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of investigating the identity of a personality in contemporary philosophy. The author states that some factors (intensification of cultural and communicative exchange, population migration, information technologies) have led to a significant transformation of the phenomenon of identity at the civilizational stage. The presented points of view and approaches of contemporary philosophers (representatives of psychoanalysis, existentialism, etc.) that the author relies on indicate a crisis of identity. The author of the paper describes creativity, communication, reflection, value-semantic sphere, cultural and symbolic environment as the criteria of identity. The author also constructs her own model of the identity system based on the famous Russian researcher, G.P. Shchedrovitsky’s concept of the system, as the way to avoid a crisis of identity. The author comes to the conclusion that the identity of a modern person is wholly constructed, in contrast to the phenomenon of pseudo-identity. The results of the paper can be applied in sociology, cultural studies, psychology in the context of the problem of personal and collective identity.
Complications (Complexity) between Normative and Descriptive: A challenge for Clarity
Authors: Çullhaj Florian ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

This article will address descriptive and normative concepts vis-à-vis their inferential value and epistemic evolution within the social sciences. The analysis focuses mainly on the normative concept, which arises in the intersection between various disciplines of the social sciences, blending within itself a dialectic between the subjective and the objective, between the individual and the social. The descriptive concept – which acts as a link between logos qua language and the empirical reality – will have less elaborated analysis. The article’s purpose is convenient for readers acquainted with the field in question as well as those for whom the topic is less known. Indeed, the article is intended to address the above concepts from the point of view of the political scholar. However, during the research process, it was considered appropriate that these conceptions have an interdisciplinary heuristic reflection in order to be of value and interest to scholars of political science, philosophy, and law. As a first step, we will present in classical form the meaning and explanation of the concepts in question, based on linguistic and philosophical dictionaries. The article also focuses on the solid definition given to the concept of normativity – understood in legal terms – by Hans Kelsen through his idea of a Base Norm (Grundnorm) and his critique of Max Weber’s sociological conception of norms. Secondly, we will outline the dichotomy between the concepts of “is” and “ought” – the former analyzed by Kant as a hypothetical imperative, as a determinant of goals and actions based on desires and, the latter considered as a categorical imperative, as a normative determinant based on reason. Another dimension of normativity is seen from the perspective of analytical jurisprudence, the dialectic created between formalists and anti-formalists in the treatment of morality, both in subjective and social terms. Finally, the emphasis will be placed on normativity in politics and in spoken language, dimensions that define the normative approach.
La comunidad de cristianos en Wašqa. Nuevas apreciaciones acerca de su organización y lugares de culto
Authors: Moreno Torrero Rodrigo
Published: April 2022

SSe analiza la existencia de la comunidad cristiana de Huesca entre el 711 y el 1096, así como la problemática existente respecto a la sede episcopal vacante y su congregación en torno a San Pedro el Viejo. Para ello se estudian conjuntamente textos árabes y latinos, tanto anteriores como posteriores a la conquista, así como los registros materiales y se establecen comparativas con los acontecimientos históricos de las áreas circumpirenaicas. Se concluye con una nueva propuesta interpretativa que establezca la posible viabilidad de esta comunidad desde el punto de vista del derecho islámico, que plantee otras posibilidades organizativas de la comunidad más allá de la mediación episcopal o que resuelva las dudas en torno al lugar de reunión de esta comunidad.
Fuentes para el estudio de la desigualdad en la Cataluña bajomedieval: los registros de tallas de la ciudad de Gerona a examen (c. 1360-c. 1540)
Authors: Reixach Sala Albert
Published: April 2022

Al hilo de las nuevas investigaciones sobre la desigualdad económica en la Europa preindustrial basadas en fuentes fiscales, el presente artículo de carácter esencialmente metodológico valora el uso de esta documentación en el marco concreto de la Corona de Aragón de la baja edad media. Se insiste en la importancia de un examen atento de la naturaleza y del alcance y límites de las series disponibles. Con este objetivo, se propone un estudio de caso centrado en Gerona entre aproximadamente 1360 y 1540. Después de presentarse la rica colección de libros de talla que conserva, se explicarán a grandes rasgos las principales dinámicas demográficas y socioeconómicas de la ciudad durante el periodo. A continuación, se profundizará en el contenido de los registros y se tratará de detectar, a través de distintas aproximaciones y mediante análisis cruzados con otras tipologías de documentos, los principales factores que incidieron en el contenido de estos libros y cómo se transformaron. Todo ello debe sentar las bases para avanzar en el estudio de la evolución de la desigualdad económica y de posibles fenómenos de movilidad social en la Cataluña de los siglos XIV-XVI.
Los registros notariales del siglo XV en el Archivo de la Catedral de Toledo
Authors: Alguacil Martín M.ª Eugenia
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo pretende poner en valor los registros medievales, conservados en la sección Obra y Fábrica del Archivo Capitular de Toledo anteriores a 1503, y por tanto a la Pragmática de Alcalá, que definió el nuevo modo de elaboración del protocolo notarial. Los registros o libros de notas toledanos fueron catalogados en 1977, y suman un total de veintidós, la mayoría libros y algún cuaderno, comprendidos entre los años 1415 y 1503. Son estudiados en su contexto de producción, la Catedral de Toledo, proceden tanto de escribanos públicos, como de notarios eclesiásticos al servicio del cabildo y el arzobispo.
El clero y su vinculación con las cofradías de Sevilla durante los siglos XV y XVI
Authors: Arboleda Goldaracena Juan Carlos , Pérez-González Silvia-María
Published: April 2022

En el presente trabajo abordamos, utilizando documentación emanada de las propias cofradías, la presencia e injerencias del clero en la vida de las hermandades sevillanas de los siglos XV y XVI. El clero se hizo muy presente en la vida y actividades de las cofradías sevillanas a fines de la Edad Media y comienzos de la Edad Moderna. Tanto los miembros del clero secular como los del clero regular quisieron vivir de cerca esta forma de espiritualidad, ingresando como cofrades o acogiendo en sus sedes a cofradías de distintos tipos. Al entrar a formar parte de las cofradías, los clérigos debían cumplir una serie de obligaciones y desarrollar determinadas funciones, aunque también obtenían ciertos beneficios que los diferenciaban del resto de cofrades. A pesar de los muchos trabajos que en las últimas décadas han abordado el estudio de las cofradías andaluzas y sevillanas, hasta la fecha no se ha investigado la presencia del clero en las mismas de manera exclusiva. Por ello, el principal objetivo y aporte de este trabajo es estudiar la participación del clero en los distintos aspectos que articulaban la vida de dichas instituciones.
El notariado en la ciudad de Segovia durante el siglo XIII: orígenes y primer desarrollo profesional
Authors: Espinar Gil David
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo constituye una aproximación al notariado que se identifica en la ciudad de Segovia en el marco de su instauración legal en el reino de Castilla. El objetivo es ofrecer una revisión de los profesionales de la escritura a través de la documentación de archivo procedente de diversas instituciones, analizando el nombramiento de estos oficios, su praxis diplomática y jurisdicción profesional. En este ejercicio se han diferenciado dos momentos evolutivos consecutivos cuyo punto de inflexión lo determina la identificación del primer escribano público: Blasco Iohanes. Los precedentes se recogen en un epígrafe dedicado a los más antiguos actores del documento privado, mientras que el desarrollo del cuerpo notarial se estudia en un segundo espacio dedicado a interpretar y ubicar las distintas tipologías halladas. Una evolución de aparente continuidad marcada por la fuerte demanda escrituraria que explica la implantación del notariado en diferentes ámbitos y su consolidación durante los siglos posteriores.
El viñedo en la Ribeira Sacra durante los siglos XIV y XV. Paisaje, explotación y pervivencias
Authors: López Sabatel José Antonio
Published: April 2022

Este estudio pretende rescatar de las fuentes medievales una perspectiva panorámica durante la Baja Edad Media de la explotación vitivinícola que se desarrolló en la Ribeira Sacra de la mano de las instituciones monásticas y del campesinado forero vinculado a las mismas. Una línea de investigación en el seno de la Historia Agraria que, en la última década, ha gozado de un notable interés por parte de la historiografía peninsular de base regional. Los siguientes párrafos pretenden contribuir modestamente a esta línea de investigación encaminada a dar más protagonismo al mundo del vino y al paisaje que su cultivo generó. Con el fin de llevar a término esta tarea se ha procedido a examinar las fuentes escritas originadas por siete monasterios localizados en las cercanías de las riberas de un río Sil próximo a desembocar sus aguas en el Miño. Los temas a tratar son los siguientes: la importancia del vino en la Ribeira Sacra durante los siglos XIV y XV, la gran expansión que experimentó el viñedo a costa del baldío en el siglo XV, la fisonomía del paisaje resultante y, por último, las prácticas agrícolas y las cargas señoriales asociadas con la producción vinícola.
Hogar, distribución espacial, camas y familia en el siglo xv a partir de los inventarios de Valencia
Authors: Tortosa Quirós Jaime
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se aborda la compartimentación del espacio doméstico en el siglo XV, tomando como base 114 inventarios de bienes, conservados en los protocolos notariales del valenciano Jaume Vinader, con una cronología comprendida entre 1416 y 1470. Además se ha tratado de relacionar la división interna de los hogares y la presencia de camas con el modelo familiar de la Valencia del siglo XV. Por ello, se ha profundizado en las salas existentes y la distribución de los miembros de la familia a lo largo de las mismas, entendiendo que algunos individuos, como los esclavos o los sirvientes, también podían convivir en el mismo edificio. En definitiva, se ha intentado mostrar la relación entre el espacio físico y el social, entendiendo la familia en un sentido amplio, como una unidad que no solo comprendía a los miembros del núcleo biológico. Así, se ha podido observar un reducido número de estancias y camas, que apuntaría hacia la preeminencia de un modelo de familia nuclear.
Compter les mots: una aproximación cuantitativa a los elementos paleográficos y diplomáticos de la documentación bajomedieval
Authors: Caballero Gómez Víctor
Published: April 2022

Los corpus lingüísticos como el Corpus Hispánico y Americano en la Red: Textos Antiguos (CHARTA) han servido para el análisis filológico de los documentos medievales y modernos en español. Sin embargo, su uso ha sido muy limitado en trabajos del área de la paleografía y la diplomática. El objetivo de este artículo es aprovechar ese gran volumen de información para recuperar datos cuantitativos de interés para la historia de la escritura y de la documentación bajomedieval. No obstante, es necesario destacar que todas las conclusiones que aquí presentamos son provisionales y que estas deben ser revisadas a la luz de nuevos análisis.
Reseñas de libros
Authors: AA. VV.
Published: April 2022

Reseñas de libros
A survey exploring the impact of housing and husbandry on pet snake welfare
Authors: Cargill BM , Benato L , Rooney NJ
Published: April 2022

Snake ownership is popular; however, housing and care may not always satisfy the animal's welfare needs. For example, snakes are often kept in environmental conditions that restrict their ability to stretch out fully or move around, using rectilinear locomotion. To date, little empirical data exist on the housing and husbandry of captive snakes and how these impact welfare. This study analyses survey responses from 744 snake owners worldwide and explores potential welfare concerns for snakes kept within private homes. It documents the most common housing and husbandry methods and compares the three most common families (Pythonids, Boids and Colubrids). Owner-reported data were used to derive scores for two potential welfare indicators: number of clinical signs of ill health and the number of reported negative (abnormal) behaviours. Using these indicators, associations were tested with snake-keeping variables, such as enclosure size, level of enrichment, temperature and humidity. Owners reported that 90.7% (n = 675) of snakes adopted rectilinear (straight-line or near straight-line) positions or movements. Snakes kept in enclosures > 1 snake length tended to have more enrichment types and were reported with fewer clinical signs of ill health. Some snakes were housed at unknown temperature (7.7%) or humidity (48.1%) ranges or in environmental conditions not in keeping with current recommended guidelines. Corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) were the most likely species to be kept at a humidity which did not match recommendations which may present a welfare concern. This study's results can be used to target husbandry guidance for future recommendations and care manuals.
Evaluation of the effect of tongue ties on stress parameters, behaviour and heart-rate variability in racehorses
Authors: Barton A , Lindenberg I , Einspanier A , Merle R , Gehlen H
Published: April 2022

Fixation of the tongue to the mandible using so-called tongue ties (TTs) is common practice in Standardbred (SB) and Thoroughbred (TB) racing, but little is known about their impact on animal welfare. In this study, the influence of TTs on heart-rate variability (HRV), stress parameters in plasma (cortisol, glucose, lactate) and behaviour was evaluated in 30 SBs and 29 TBs (n = 59) presenting with exercise insufficiency. Overall, 36/59 horses (24 SBs, 12 TBs) were familiar with TTs. Blood was taken at rest, after TT application and after racing in all horses, additionally samples were taken without TT in SBs another day. HRV was calculated over 3 min before, during and after racing. Additionally, SBs’ behaviour during TT application and racing was documented in real time. TT application did not increase cortisol levels significantly, while highly significant increases in cortisol levels were found after racing. Lactate levels were not influenced by TT application, but also significantly increased after racing. No significant differences were found for glucose. Seventeen out of 30 SBs showed mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 8) and severe (n = 1) reactions during TT application, none during or after race training. At rest, 23/30 SBs had a low/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio < 1.5 (1.05 [± 0.61], n = 30, dominating parasympathetic activity). After TT application, the LF/HF ratio increased to 1.4 (± 0.45) (increased sympathetic activity). In TBs, sympathetic activity dominated at rest. No differences in LF, HF and LF/HF were found after TT application or comparing HRV after racing with/without TT. The stress response (blood parameters and HRV) was not influenced by horses’ naivety to TTs, however an increased stress response was observed in SB mares. Overall, obvious adverse behaviour, but only slight evidence of an increased systemic stress response, was found in this study. These results might provide objective evidence for future decisions from equine sports organisations concerning further regulations on TTs.
Scratch that itch: Farrowing crate scratching enrichment for sows
Authors: Pritchett RK , Gaskill BN , Erasmus MA , Radcliffe JS , Lay DC
Published: April 2022

Developing effective enrichments is important for improving pig (Sus scrofa) welfare as it increases species-specific behaviours, decreases abnormal behaviours, and increases time active. However, few enrichments are available forsowsin farrowing crates. Pigs are often observed to scratch, or rub against objects, however enrichments designed to provide a scratching outlet have never been tested insows. We examined the behaviour and welfare ofsowsin farrowing crates when they were presented with one of two types of scratchpad enrichment. Sows (n = 18) of parities two (P2) and three (P3) were housed for 25 days and assigned no enrichment (Control) or a scratch-pad made of plastic mats (Plastic) or coir fibre mats (Fibre). Parity two Plasticsowsscratched for a longer total duration than P2 and P3 Fibresows, P3 Plasticsows, and P2 Controlsows. Parity two Plasticsowsalso displayed scratching bouts more frequently than all except P3 Controlsows. There were no body lesion differences between treatments. Abnormal behaviour and proportion of time spent in different postures also did not differ between treatments. Plastic scratch-pads may be a suitable enrichment for farrowing crates as they increased the natural behaviour of scratching. More research is needed to refine the scratch-pad design and measure motivation before it can be concluded that scratch-pads are a successful enrichment that should be implemented on-farm.
Psykisk vold inden for lovens rammer
Authors: Mølbak Mie , Skovgård Jørgensen Caroline
Published: April 2022

AbstractPsychological violence is a new phenomenon in the Danish criminal justice system. A law against degrading and coercive behavior among close relations was introduced to the Danish Penal Code under § 243 in 2019 to protect victims of this form of violence.
This article investigates the application of the new law and discusses its possibilities and limitations. Using mixed methods, we examine 631 police reports and 29 court transcripts. Our analysis allows us to characterize the most frequent types of cases that arise within the criminal justice system. This is possible due to our collaboration with the Danish police, who have provided us with information on every reported case of psychological violence in Denmark.
The analysis shows that the new law is difficult to apply and that it has resulted in very few convictions this far. Furthermore, the convictions obtained reflect only a narrow range of the behaviours the new law is designed to address. All 10 convictions concern a male perpetrator battering a female partner. Cases that did not result in conviction concern a much broader range of psychological violence.
The criminal justice approach to the problem of psychological violence has been unsuccessful so far in meeting its objective of protecting victims. The main challenge is the many legal requirements of the law which leave significant discretion to the police, prosecution and the courts. There is a possibility that the legislation will help build normative barriers against psychological violence, but this theoretical effect is long-term and dependent on how the law is applied
Research on Danish Salafi-jihadist foreign fighters
Authors: Elmose Jørgensen Kathrine
Published: April 2022

Ingen resumé
Introduction to post-coronial education theme
Authors: Æsøy Knut Ove , Namdar Kamran
Published: April 2022

introduksjon
Rock-Soil Transition In Weathering Of A Porphyritic Biotite Granite
Authors:   No. 83, Jalan Burhanuddin Helmi 2, Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, 60000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Kuna Raj John
Published: April 2022

Concentric layers of weathered materials around core-stones show the porphyritic biotite granite to experience sequential, but gradational, changes in visible features, textures and mineralogy as it transforms from ‘rock’ into ‘soil’. The changes start with the opening-up of grain boundaries and micro-cracks (stage 1) followed by their dark brown staining (stage 2) and the subsequent alteration (to sericite and clay minerals) of groundmass plagioclase feldspar grains (stage 3). Biotite flakes are then bleached and altered (to chlorite and clay minerals) (stage 4) before there starts alteration (to sericite and clay minerals) of groundmass alkali feldspar grains (stage 5) and finally alteration (to sericite and clay minerals) of the alkali feldspar phenocrysts (stage 6). Quartz grains are not altered during these stages of weathering, but disaggregate and reduce in size due to continual opening-up of grain boundaries and micro-cracks. Increasing stages of weathering are marked by decreasing dry unit weights, dry densities and uniaxial compressive strengths, but increasing apparent porosities. The transition between ‘rock’ and ‘soil’ occurs during stage 6 when all plagioclase, and most alkali feldspar, groundmass grains have been altered as are some alkali feldspar phenocrysts. Stage 6 is marked by large apparent porosities (>18%) but low values of dry unit weight (<20.81 kN/m3), dry density (<2,122 kg/m3) and uniaxial compressive strength (<1.8 MPa).
Application Of Schmidt Hammer Rebound Test For Weathering Profile Classification Of Granite, Paya Terubong, Penang, Malaysia
Authors:   Geo Mag Engineering, Tingkat 2, Jalan Pelabur B, 23/B, Seksyen 23, 40300 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Ghazali Mohamad Anuri , Umor Mohd Rozi ,   Program Geologi, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia, Hussin Mohd Syafiq ,   Geo Mag Engineering, Tingkat 2, Jalan Pelabur B, 23/B, Seksyen 23, 40300 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Md. Rafek Abdul Ghani ,   Geo Mag Engineering, Tingkat 2, Jalan Pelabur B, 23/B, Seksyen 23, 40300 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Weathering profile characterization is one of the significant information in the interpretation of the condition of rock. In addition, the tropical climate in Malaysia causes the deep–seated weathering phenomena of granitic rock. The identification of weathering profile of granite can be made using in–situ Schmidt hammer rebound test which is one of the non–destructive tests (NDT) that is widely used. In this study, the test is carried out on granitic rock in Paya Terubong, Pulau Pinang. Based on the study conducted, the value for each of weathering grade of granite can be identified. The value for fresh granite (Grade I) is greater than 55, slightly weathered granite (Grade II) is ranging from 35 – 55, moderately weathered granite (Grade III) is ranging from 17 – 35 and highly weathered granite (Grade IV) is less than 17. Completely weathered granite (Grade V) and residual soil (Grade VI) do not have any Schmidt hammer rebound values. This method can be used as a very useful method in the field to determine the degree of weathering of rock outcrops.
What Makes A Hot Spring, Hot?
Authors:   Geosciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia, Rosli Nurul Afiqah , Anuar Mohammad Noor Akmal ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mansor Muhammad Hasiib ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdul Rahim Nur Syazwani Izzati ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Arifin Mohd Hariri ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Hot springs naturally are groundwater that emerges to the surface after being heated up by geothermal activities. There are various classifications of hot springs according to the surface temperature. Still, in Malaysia, it is referred to as the spring that is higher than an average body temperature or 40 °C and above. Two types of hot spring origin are volcanic and non-volcanic sources. The Quaternary magmatic intrusion of Maria volcanic complex in Sabah is the only volcanic-related hot spring. Meanwhile, Sungai Klah, Ulu Slim, Gadek, and other hot springs in Malaysia originated from regional granite intrusion that slowly cooled down since the Triassic period. In Peninsular Malaysia, there is a geological trend of hot springs distribution based on three different intrusion and localities of granite batholiths: Eastern, Central and Western belts of granite. Tectonically, most of these hot springs are associated with fault zones related to highly fractured and deep-seated fault areas with high permeability host rock, such as Bok Bak Fault. Later it can conduit meteoric water to seep deep beneath the subsurface and be subjected to a high geothermal gradient zone. High dissolved minerals in the hot springs are beneficial for balneotherapy, while the excess heat and brine can be harnessed into electrical energy. The development of geothermal potential in Malaysia is still unhurried compared to our neighbouring countries, for example, Thailand’s Fang Geothermal Power Plant is a non-volcanic hot spring with a sound temperature of 130°C which can generate 300 kW of electricity. Lastly, effort has been made by researchers in gathering the data on hot spring distribution in Malaysia which can be viewed with just a click. A new app is developed for Android user named Malaysia’s Hot Springs that can be freely downloaded from the ‘Apps Store’ in hope that the application can serve as hot springs tourism and publication reference purposes.
Gallardo, retrato intermitente de la modernidad democrática
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Gozalo Salellas Ignasi
Published: April 2022

Si la muerte de José Pérez Ocaña, Ocaña, interrumpía el retrato más radical de la Transición española en 1983, casi cuarenta años después los adioses de Miguel Gallardo y de Pau Riba sellan una etapa en Barcelona y en el Estado español narrada por el underground cultural. Se resisten al epitafio definitivo unas pocas figuras como Nazario Luque Vera, Nazario.
Value of Children in Javanese Mothers to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Handayani Penny , Nannessi Linda Benita
Published: April 2022

The value of children lies in the way parents view their children. The perception of parents is influenced by the culture they adopt and live by, socioeconomic status, the gender of the child, and the number of children in the family. The purpose of this research was to look at the description of the value to Javanese mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The method used is quantitative (nonparametric statistical calculations) with descriptive techniques. There were 30 participants in the study using convenience sampling data collection techniques. The required characteristics of the participants were mothers of children with ASD who applied Javanese parenting culture. The results of normality with a value of asymp= .00 (p <.05) so that it is stated that the data is not normally distributed. The resultant value of children to mothers of children with ASD that stands out is the family dimension, so according to this study children with ASD can strengthen relationships within families, such as parents who provide social support to each other and siblings who become more empathic towards their siblings who have ASD.
Urban–Rural Influences on Parenting and Theory of Mind Development: An Intracultural Comparative Study in Indonesia
Authors: Rizqi Nisa Praditya Ar , Kuntoro Ike Anggraika , Halim Lathifah
Published: April 2022

Culture has a significant influence on parenting and the Theory of Mind (ToM). The impact of intracultural aspects requires greater investigation. Our research explores the intracultural influence of the location of the domicile of families on young children’s acquisition of ToM and parenting practices. Surveys were given to 350 children (ages 3 to 6) and their parents. Domiciles were divided into three groups: i) the urban area of Jakarta, ii) the suburbs in satellite cities near Jakarta (Bogor and Tangerang), and iii) the rural area of Bukittinggi. This research aims to determine whether there are significant differences in parenting practices and ToM between the three groups. Most participants are of a low socioeconomic level. The comparative results show significant differences in the ToM performance of children living in the three areas; children living in rural areas tend to have higher scores on ToM, followed by urban areas and then the suburbs. This result may be influenced by parents’ parenting practices, where parents in rural Bukittingi have a higher score on conformity and collectivist parenting than the other two groups.
Role of Microbiota in Urban Life’s Well-Being
Authors: Okvitawanli Ayu
Published: April 2022

The human beings have evolved together with microbes and are continuously exposed to diverse microbiota. A healthy gut flora promotes health and affords robust immune system, which is often advertised by probiotic supplements. These probiotics promises to build and restore gut flora health. Researches elucidate that gut bacteria are indispensable for our digestive system, and directly influence our moods, our weight, and our perception of the world. We discuss how urbanization possibly disturbs the symbiosis between microbiota and the human beings which leads to a negative impact on health. This review article summarized the previously reported studies and examines the role of microbiota in moods and well-being of urban population, specifically to anxiety and depression. Further, we identify the lacunae in the present research and advise the possible research methods to pursue for further understanding of the role microbiota population has on well-being.
Investigating the mutual effects of mobile phone use and civic culture: A systems approach
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Alavi Seyed Maziar , Hosseini Ali , Mehrjardi Abolfazl Zare
Published: April 2022

The extensive use of mobile phones has created the potential for promoting the culture and lifestyle of society. This study was conducted in Tehran; it examines the relationship between mobile phone use and civic culture. Considering the effect of multiple factors and complex relationships between variables, the study employs a systems approach to investigate the mutual relationship between mobile phone use and civic culture. Analysis utilized causal loop diagrams to depict relationships among variables, where 10 key factors were identified using the decision making trial and evaluation technique. These factors have exerted the greatest impact on civic culture; therefore, focusing on these factors during the urban policy-making process leads to the most effective policy that uses the least resources and budget. The ideal level of urban norms in the family was recognized as the most important influential and key factor followed by that at the community level of community acceptance in using the e-services of the city exerted the greatest impact on the issues. The outcomes could be used as a basis for policymaking in developing countries that intend to use mobile phones as a tool for promoting civic culture.
Validity and Reliability of the Spence and Robbins Workaholism Battery: A Study in Malaysian Employees
Authors: Almustafa Ammar , Ke Guek Nee
Published: April 2022

This psychometric study aims to contribute to the evolving cross-cultural definition of workaholism by exploring the reliability and validity of using the Workaholism Battery (WorkBAT; Spence & Robbins, 1992) in a sample of 183 full-time white-collar workers in Malaysia. Using data from online surveys, collected from full-time white-collar workers in the private and public sectors, factor analysis was used to indicate factor solutions contributing to the definition of workaholism based on the Spence and Robbins (1992) model of high work involvement, high work drive, and low work enjoyment. The study identified three factors and reassigned the items between them into work enjoyment, work drive, and work withdrawal. A 2-step cluster analysis identified four profiles of work adaptability as workaholics, enthusiastic workaholics, anxious workers, and moderate workers. Criterion validity with working hours was not established indicating workaholism as a distinct construct as suggested by previous studies. Our analysis produced a 3-factor solution suggesting a further syndromic view of the addiction to work. The addition of the third factor of work withdrawal indicates a further shift into looking at workaholism with a clinical lens.
Degloving Traumatic Lesser Toe Injury Reconstruction with Full-Thickness Skin Graft from Partially Amputated Autologous Toe Donor Site: A Case Report
Authors: Gazes Michael I. , Au Andrew S. , Jariwala Trusha , Vyce Steven D.
Published: April 2022

Complex soft-tissue injuries consist of difficult traumatic injuries caused by high-energy mechanisms such as motor vehicle accidents, lawnmower injuries, and crush injuries from heavy objects. Many times, because of the high-energy trauma, there is significant damage to the soft tissue and underlying bone, leading to a complex situation for healing. In this case report, a 43-year-old woman presented with extensive degloving injury and open fractures of the forefoot resulting from a lawnmower accident. After extensive irrigation and debridement, wound closure was achieved using a full-thickness skin graft (FTSG). Although many case reports have been published about management of these complex soft-tissue injuries, there are no reports on using an autologous FTSG from a neighboring digit undergoing distal amputation for wound coverage. This report discusses the technique of using an autologous FTSG from an amputated specimen to achieve wound coverage with adequate limb salvage principles.
Efficacy and Reliability of Percutaneous Gigli Saw Osteotomy in Midfoot Surgery: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Kanar Muharrem , Ertogrul Rodi , Oc Yunus , Keskinöz Elif Nedret , Kilinc Bekir Eray
Published: April 2022

Background: Midfoot osteotomy is often used in the surgical treatment of foot deformities. The percutaneous Gigli saw osteotomy (PGSO) technique has many advantages compared with known osteotomy techniques. We aimed to show the efficacy and reliability of the PGSO technique in the midfoot of fresh frozen cadavers without using an image intensifier.

Methods: Four mini-incisions were performed on the dorsomedial, dorsolateral, plantar medial, and plantar lateral regions of the midfoot. Subperiosteal tunnels were then opened with a thin bone elevator, and the four incisions were combined with each other. The Gigli saw was tied to suture material and passed through the tunnels. The PGSO was performed in the midfoot of 12 feet of the cadaver specimens without using an image intensifier. Cadaver specimens were dissected, and injured structures were noted.

Results: The mean ± SD (range) cadaver age was 81.16 ± 10.38 years (65–93 years) and weight was 60.86 ± 12.39 kg (49.8–81.6 kg). All of the osteotomies were adequate as planned in the cuboid-cuneiform level and all of them were complete osteotomy .Incomplete osteotomy was not observed in any cadaver specimens. In one specimen, a complete injury of the peroneal tendons (peroneus longus and brevis) was detected. In another specimen, an incomplete tibialis anterior tendon injury was detected. There was no iatrogenic neurovascular injury in the specimens.

Conclusions: The PGSO technique is recommended for use even by inexperienced surgeons owing to its minimal risk of soft-tissue injury, provision of a complete osteotomy line, and easy application with limited incisions.
Staged Treatment for Unstable Open Fracture-Dislocation of the Ankle: A Case Report
Authors: Park Jin , Lee Hyo Beom , Kim Gab Lae , Yang Kyu Hyun
Published: April 2022

Unstable fracture-dislocation of the ankle is a common lower extremity injury. Treatment is challenging when the fracture-dislocation is open and cannot be treated with conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Immediate ORIF may not be possible for severe, unstable ankle injuries, such as those with ischemic foot due to a poor blood supply caused by soft tissue injury, or open fracture-dislocation of the ankle with a deltoid ligament rupture. We described a staged treatment for unstable open fracture-dislocation of the ankle with a deltoid ligament rupture. The first stage involves temporary vertical transarticular pinning combined with external fixation. The second stage involves delayed definitive plating with autogenous bone graft for the bone defect of the distal fibula. This staged management is useful in select emergency cases of unstable open fracture-dislocations of the ankle combined with deltoid ligament rupture for which conventional ORIF cannot be performed.
Neuronal apoptosis drives remodeling states of microglia and shifts in survival pathway dependence
Authors: Anderson Sarah Rose , Roberts Jacqueline M , Ghena Nathaniel , Irvin Emmalyn A , Schwakopf Joon , Cooperstein Isabelle B , Bosco Alejandra , Vetter Monica L
Published: April 2022

Microglia serve critical remodeling roles that shape the developing nervous system, responding to the changing neural environment with phagocytosis or soluble factor secretion. Recent single-cell sequencing (scRNAseq) studies have revealed the context-dependent diversity in microglial properties and gene expression, but the cues promoting this diversity are not well defined. Here, we ask how interactions with apoptotic neurons shape microglial state, including lysosomal and lipid metabolism gene expression and dependence on Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) for survival. Using early postnatal mouse retina, a CNS region undergoing significant developmental remodeling, we performed scRNAseq on microglia from mice that are wild-type, lack neuronal apoptosis (Bax KO), or are treated with CSF1R inhibitor (PLX3397). We find that interactions with apoptotic neurons drive multiple microglial remodeling states, subsets of which are resistant to CSF1R inhibition. We find that TAM receptor Mer and complement receptor 3 are required for clearance of apoptotic neurons, but that Mer does not drive expression of remodeling genes. We show TAM receptor Axl is negligible for phagocytosis or remodeling gene expression but is consequential for microglial survival in the absence of CSF1R signaling. Thus, interactions with apoptotic neurons shift microglia toward distinct remodeling states and through Axl, alter microglial dependence on survival pathway, CSF1R.
Quantitative analysis of vegetation restoration and potential driving factors in a typical subalpine region of the Eastern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Feng Yu , Wang Juan , Zhou Qin , Bai Maoyang , Peng Peihao , Zhao Dan , Guan Zengyan , Liu Xian’an
Published: April 2022

Vegetation restoration is an essential approach to re-establish the ecological balance in subalpine areas. Changes in vegetation cover represent, to some extent, vegetation growth trends and are the consequence of a complex of different natural factors and human activities. Microtopography influences vegetation growth by affecting the amount of heat and moisture reaching the ground, a role that is more pronounced in subalpine areas. However, little research is concerned with the characteristics and dynamics of vegetation restoration in different microtopography types. The respective importance of the factors driving vegetation changes in subalpine areas is also not clear yet. We used linear regression and the Hurst exponent to analyze the trends in vegetation restoration and sustainability in different microtopography types since 2000, based on Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and identified potential driving factors of vegetation change and their importance by using Geographical Detector. The results show that: (1) The FVC in the region under study has shown an up-trend since 2000, and the rate of increase is 0.26/year (P = 0.028). It would be going from improvement to degradation, continuous decrease or continuous significant decrease in 47.48% of the region, in the future. (2) The mean FVC is in the following order: lower slope (cool), lower slope, lower slope (warm), valley, upper slope (warm), upper slope, valley (narrow), upper slope (cool), cliff, mountain/divide, peak/ridge (warm), peak/ridge, peak/ridge (cool). The lower slope is the microtopographic type with the best vegetation cover, and ridge peak is the most difficult to be afforested. (3) The main factors affecting vegetation restoration in subalpine areas are aspect, microtopographic type, and soil taxonomy great groups. The interaction between multiple factors has a much stronger effect on vegetation cover than single factors, with the effect of temperatures and aspects having the most significant impact on the vegetation cover changes. Natural factors have a greater impact on vegetation restoration than human factors in the study area. The results of this research can contribute a better understanding of the influence of different drivers on the change of vegetation cover, and provide appropriate references and recommendations for vegetation restoration and sustainable development in typical logging areas in subalpine areas.
Siller Holes, West Linton
Authors: Dean Valerie E
Published: April 2022

Lead ore (galena) had been extracted from the site of Siller Holes, West Linton (NGR: NT 145 533), from medieval times if not earlier; there, according to tradition, silver was refined from the lead (Pb). Creation of a pond at the foot of Lead Law produced large quantities of textiles, leather and pottery which could be dated to the 12th to 14th centuries; lead, slag and ore were also recovered. As there is no documented reference to the site until the late 16th century, it has not yet been established who was exploiting the minerals.
Transparent, Self‐Adhesive, Conductive Organohydrogels with Fast Gelation from Lignin‐Based Self‐Catalytic System for Extreme Environment‐Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Sun Dan , Feng Yufan , Sun Shaochao , Yu Jie , Jia Siyu , Dang Chao , Hao Xiang , Yang Jun , Ren Wenfeng , Sun Runcang , Shao Changyou , Peng Feng
Published: April 2022

Conductive hydrogels have shown great promise in the field of sustainable power sources due to their unique features of sufficient flexibility, durability, and functional diversification. However, time‐ and energy‐consuming polymerization process and poor adaptability in extreme environments severely impede their practical application in such an emerging field. Herein, a facile and universal self‐catalytic system (AL‐Cu2+) based on alkali lignin (AL) macromolecule has been designed to rapidly fabricate conductive and transparent organohydrogels in alkaline water–ethylene glycol (EG) binary solvent, which displays extreme environment applicability (‒40 to 60 °C), eligible stretchability (≈800% elongation), and robust self‐adhesion (≈31.4 kPa). Interestingly, the introduced EG accelerates the polymerization, endows extreme freezing/drying resistance, and improves self‐adhesion for the organohydrogels. The organohydrogel (water/EG = 2/3) that combines the above merits inspires the construction of triboelectric nanogenerator (O‐TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting and converting regardless of low‐ or high‐temperature environments. The generated electricity by the O‐TENG can be used directly or stored to drive commercial electronics and installed on human joints for movement monitoring. This work sheds light on designing environment‐resistant flexible TENGs based on multifunctional soft materials with fast gelation strategy, provoking more attention to sustainable high‐value utilization of lignin for advanced applications.
Exploring Axial Organic Multiblock Heterostructure Nanowires: Advances in Molecular Design, Synthesis, and Functional Applications
Authors: Lv Qiang , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: April 2022

Organic multiblock heterostructure nanowires (OMHNs), integrating distinct components in the same axial structure, have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties such as intrinsic good light confinement and rectification characteristics. However, rationally incorporating such features into OMHNs with rigorous 1D morphology control remains a key synthetic objective. It is because that the single components possess fundamentally distinctive properties such as size‐dependent electronic, optical, and magnetic features as well as lattice parameters. In the last decade, researchers made their own efforts to this exciting field, especially from the controlled fabrication to the advanced applications of the multiblock nanowires. As a result, various OMHNs have been developed as very promising candidates for high‐performance optoelectronic applications such as light harvesting, logic gate devices, photonic transistors, and photonic anticounterfeiting. Herein, the recent advances of OMHNs from the aspects of molecular design, synthesis, and advanced applications are reviewed, and an outlook is given providing inspiration for the future development of OMHNs toward integrated optoelectronic at nanoscale.
Chiral Asymmetric Polarizations Generated by Bioinspired Helical Carbon Fibers to Induce Broadband Microwave Absorption and Multispectral Photonic Manipulation
Authors: Huang Lingxi , Duan Yuping , Shi Yupeng , Ma Xinran , Pang Huifang , Zeng Qingwen , Che Renchao
Published: April 2022

Chirality, in which electromagnetic characteristic promotes asymmetric polarization, is expected to realize broadband absorption for microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Herein, inspired by the microstructure of nepenthes, a scalable approach is reported for fabricating hierarchical‐chiral helical carbon fibers with broadband microwave absorption as well as multispectral chiral manipulation. The chiral potential barriers are established by applying helically distributed stress to the fiber, which induce helical electric dipoles via positive and negative charges accumulated at the potential barriers. The states of polarization loss by Debye relaxation are 2, 3, and 4 in the samples with achirality, single‐chirality, and dual‐chirality, respectively; the polar vector of achiral electric dipoles is transformed into pseudovectors through chiral potential barriers to improve the synergistically magnetic loss, and the grade of chirality is quantified based on symmetry breaking theory. The single‐chiral fibers reach strongest absorption peak value of −30.67 dB at 2.96 GHz (carbon content is 50 wt%), and the dual‐chiral fibers achieve effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 8.8–18 GHz. In addition to microwaves, the chiral photonic manipulation plays a role in near‐ultraviolet and visible spectra. The present discovery points to a pathway for using chiral model to open up new microwave absorption mechanism and integrated application.