bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over 13% Efficiency Ternary Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Tilted Up Absorption Edge by Incorporating a Medium Bandgap Acceptor
Authors: Zhang Miao , Xiao Zuo , Gao Wei , Liu Qishi , Jin Ke , Wang Wenbin , Mi Yang , An Qiaoshi , Ma Xiaoling , Liu Xinfeng , Yang Chuluo , Ding Liming , Zhang Fujun
Published: September 2018

Efficient ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are prepared with poly‐[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] dithiophene‐co‐3fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate] (PTB7‐Th):COi8DFIC as host system and medium bandgap material BDTThIT‐4F as the third component. The power conversion efficiency of PSCs can be increased from 11.47% to 13.08% by incorporating 20 wt% BDTThIT‐4F in acceptors, along with the simultaneously improved three key photovoltaic parameters. The absorption edge of ternary blend films can be tilted up in long wavelength range by incorporating appropriate BDTThIT‐4F, although the bandgap of BDTThIT‐4F is wider than that of COi8DFIC, leading to the extended external quantum efficiency spectra of ternary PSCs. The tilted up absorption edge of blend films should be attributed to the variation of COi8DFIC molecular arrangement, which can be well demonstrated from the transient and steady absorption spectra of blend films with different donors and acceptors. A new ground state bleach signal can be clearly observed in transient absorption spectra of the optimized ternary blend films, which may be due to the varied COi8DFIC molecular energy levels by incorporating BDTThIT‐4F. Meanwhile, the lifetimes on excited states are increased in the ternary blend films, which is beneficial to exciton dissociation for improving the performance of ternary PSCs.
Graphdiyne‐Based Bulk Heterojunction for Efficient and Moisture‐Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hongshi , Zhang Rui , Li Yusheng , Li Yiming , Liu Huibiao , Shi Jiangjian , Zhang Huiyin , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanhong , Li Dongmei , Li Yuliang , Meng Qingbo
Published: September 2018

Graphdiyne (GDY) is introduced into the FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskite film to construct a perovskite/graphdiyne (PVSK/GDY) bulk heterojunction for planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This PVSK/GDY bulk heterojunction is suggested to provide an extra channel to favor exciton separation and facilitate the photogenerated electron extraction ability. The electron transportation ability has been improved for higher Jsc, and the introduction of GDY can passivate grain boundaries and interfaces to effectively suppress photogenerated carrier recombination, leading to relatively higher fill factor. Up to 20.54% power conversion efficiency is achieved. In addition, the ability of this perovskite film with PVSK/GDY bulk heterojunctions to function in humid conditions is also improved, leading to good stability of PSCs toward moisture. This work provides a new way to fabricate highly efficient, stable PSCs by constructing bulk heterojunctions simultaneously for accelerating the exciton separation and photogenerated electron transportation and improving the device stability.
Large‐Area Preparation of Crack‐Free Crystalline Microporous Conductive Membrane to Upgrade High Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zang Ying , Pei Fei , Huang Jiahong , Fu Zhihua , Xu Gang , Fang Xiaoliang
Published: September 2018

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are appealing candidates for next‐generation high‐energy rechargeable batteries, but practical applications are still limited by poor cyclic life, which is caused by severe polysulfide shuttling in high‐sulfur‐loading batteries. Herein, a facile route is presented to fabricate high‐performance Li–S batteries using a crystalline microporous membrane, which is prepared using a conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) material. With ordered microporous structure, large specific surface area, good sulphiphilicity, and excellent conductivity, the MOF membrane is grown in situ on the commercial separator and is an ideal light‐weight barrier (0.066 mg cm−2) for suppressing the polysulfide shuttling, which can significantly promote the capacities, rate capabilities, and cycling stabilities of Li–S batteries. Taking the advantage of this functional separator, the high‐sulfur‐loading Li–S battery (8.0 mg cm−2 and 70 wt% of sulfur in cathode) delivers a high area capacity of 7.24 mAh cm−2 after 200 cycles, thus providing a promising path toward advanced Li–S batteries.
Efficient Delivery of Power Generated by a Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Conjunction of Wired and Wireless Transmissions Using Maxwell's Displacement Currents
Authors: Jie Yang , Ma Jinming , Chen Yandong , Cao Xia , Wang Ning , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2018

Energy harvesting and power delivery are key technologies for self‐powered systems toward the internet of things, and integration of the two should be prioritized. The dominant mechanism of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is Maxwell's displacement current, which exists both inside the media/device and in the space surrounding the device. The displacement current transmitted in media inside the device can be collected by wired transmission using two electrodes, while the component that is leaked in to the space surrounding the device can be partially collected wirelessly. Herein, simultaneous collection of power transmitted through wires and wirelessly by a rotating TENG, is demonstrated. The wired component gives an output of ≈2 mA and ≈110 V, and the wireless component using the finite size of the collector gives an output current and voltage of ≈3 µA and ≈17.5 V (power density of 21.8 mW m−2). Small mobile electronics and a digital camera can be charged. The study extends the application of TENGs for practical applications.
Endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Qiu Yumin , Zhang Chanjuan , Zhang Gaoxing , Tao Jun
Published: September 2018

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are derived from hematopoietic stem cells with powerful function of angiogenesis. There are many studies on the relation between coronary heart disease and circulating EPCs. In this review, we discuss biological characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells, some influencing factors of the number and function of EPCs, and the role of EPCs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. At last, we bring some perspectives on the future of endothelial progenitor cell therapy.
Central nervous system manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Lu Derek S. , Karas Patrick J. , Krueger Darcy A. , Weiner Howard L.
Published: September 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous autosomal‐dominant genetic syndrome marked by development of hamartomatous lesions arising from dysfunction of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Although TSC remains a heterogeneous clinical entity, the recent inclusion of genetic diagnostic criteria reflects advancement in our understanding of its underlying etiopathogenesis. Abnormal cellular growth, differentiation, and migration result in multisystem sequelae, with neurologic manifestations of TSC representing the primary cause of morbidity and mortality for the majority of individuals. Modern imaging techniques aid in the diagnosis of TSC and guide treatment strategies by revealing central nervous system findings. Cortical tubers are the namesake lesion of the disorder and occur in up to 90% of cases, often exerting significant epileptogenic potential. Subependymal nodules are found in 80% of patients as calcified tumors lining the ependyma of the lateral ventricles. In some cases, these nodules are thought to progress to subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and may present with obstructive hydrocephalus. Retinal astrocytic hamartomas are also common, present in 50% of patients. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for large or symptomatic lesions, though clinical trials have highlighted a potential role for mTOR pathway antagonism. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for achieving optimal patient outcomes.
DABCO‐Mediated C−O Bond Formation from Csp2‐Halogen Bond‐Containing Compounds and Alkyl Alcohols
Authors: Wu Han‐Qing , Luo Shi‐He , Cao Liang , Shi Hao‐Nan , Wang Bo‐Wen , Wang Zhao‐Yang
Published: September 2018

An efficient protocol for C−O bond formation from Csp2−X (X=Br, Cl) bond‐containing compounds and alkyl alcohols in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as catalyst and base under mild conditions is described. The densely functionalized 2(5H)‐furanone products can be generally obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a metal‐free protocol at room temperature without added solvent.
Feinabstimmung von intramolekularem resonantem Förster‐Energietransfer und Aktivierung intramolekularer Singulettspaltung
Authors: Lavarda Giulia , Zirzlmeier Johannes , Gruber Marco , Rami Parisa R. , Tykwinski Rik R. , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: September 2018

Die Synergie panchromatischer Lichtabsorption, die einen Großteil des sichtbaren Sonnenspektrums abdeckt, sowie intramolekularer Singulettspaltung (singlet fission, SF) wurde in einer Serie von Konjugaten realisiert, die sich aus verschiedenen lichtsammelnden Subphthalocyaninen (SubPcs) und einem Pentacendimer (Pnc2) als Energieakzeptor zusammensetzte. Im Fokus stand dabei ein Baukastenprinzip, das darauf basierte, den SubPc‐Kern in dessen Peripherie mit unterschiedlichen Substituenten zu funktionalisieren und damit die optischen Eigenschaften feinabzustimmen. Transiente Absorptionsstudien halfen dabei zu bestätigen, dass die SubPcs mittels eines gerichteten quantitativen resonanten Förster‐Energietransfers (Förster resonance energy transfer, FRET) zum Pnc2 als Antennen für einen Energietransfer fungierten. Im Pnc2 wurden anschließend mittels intramolekularer SF nahezu quantitative Triplettquantenausbeuten erzielt.
Reduktion von Phosphanoxiden mit Oxalylchlorid und Wasserstoff, vermittelt durch ein elektrophiles Phosphoniumkation
Authors: Stepen Arne J. , Bursch Markus , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W. , Paradies Jan
Published: September 2018

Die metallfreie Reduktion von Phosphanoxiden mit molekularem Wasserstoff (H2) und Oxalylchlorid als Aktivierungsreagens wird beschrieben. Gemäß quantenchemischen Studien erfolgt die Spaltung von H2 durch das in situ erzeugte elektrophile Phosphoniumkation (EPC) und das Phosphanoxid, gefolgt von barrierefreier Umsetzung zum Phosphan und HCl. Die Reaktion kann ebenfalls durch das frustrierte Lewis‐Paar (FLP) aus B(2,6‐F2C6H3)3 und 2,6‐Lutidin oder Phosphanoxid als Lewis‐Base katalysiert werden. Die neue Methode wurde für die Reduktion von tertiären Triaryl‐ und Diarylphosphanoxiden in guten bis sehr guten Ausbeuten (51–93 %) angewendet.
First evidence of asymmetric competition between the non‐native clam Corbicula fluminea and the native freshwater mussel Unio delphinus during a summer heat wave
Authors: Ferreira‐Rodríguez Noé , Fandiño Laura , Pedreira Adrián , Pardo Isabel
Published: September 2018

Non‐native species introductions are a major concern for the conservation of natural ecosystems. The spread of non‐native species depends not only on their adaptation to the new environment, but also on the biotic features of the non‐native and resident native species and their environment that determine competition in natural habitats.

There is little empirical evidence from field studies that demonstrates the existence of competition between the non‐native clam Corbicula fluminea and native freshwater mussels, and even less evidence on how global warming might affect competition and re‐shape ecological communities.

In this study, field surveys within the biogeographic Atlantic region in the north west of the Iberian Peninsula found little spatial overlap between C. fluminea and the native freshwater mussel Unio delphinus.

In the laboratory, intraspecific and interspecific competition between these freshwater bivalves was assessed through physiological parameters and nutritional condition in a global warming context.

A significant effect for the physiological parameters and nutritional condition of intraspecific competition was found in C. fluminea, whereas asymmetric competition was evidenced between both species at greater densities of C. fluminea.

Under simulated heat wave conditions, the non‐native C. fluminea was competitively superior to the native freshwater mussels when both occur together.

Present findings suggest that further population declines of freshwater mussels in the Iberian Peninsula are expected under conditions of global warming, owing to competition with C. fluminea.
Fluorescence and Ultrafast Fluorescence Unveil the Formation, Folding Molecularity, and Excitation Dynamics of Homo‐Oligomeric and Human Telomeric i‐Motifs at Acidic and Neutral pH
Authors: Ma Chensheng , Chan Ruth Chau‐Ting , Chan Chris Tsz‐Leung , Wong Allen Ka‐Wa , Chung Bowie Po‐Yee , Kwok Wai‐Ming
Published: September 2018

i‐Motifs are tetraplex DNAs known to be stable at acidic pH. The structure of i‐motifs is important in DNA nanotechnology; i‐motif‐forming sequences with consecutive cytosine (C) molecules are abundant throughout the human genome. There is, however, little information on the structure of C‐rich DNAs under physiologically relevant neutral conditions. The electron dynamics of i‐motifs, crucial to both biology and materials applications, also remains largely unexplored. In this work, we report a combined femtosecond and nanosecond broadband time‐resolved fluorescence (TRF) and steady‐state fluorescence investigation on homo‐oligomer dC20, a human telomeric sequence (HTS) 5′‐dC3(TA2C3)3, and its analogue performed with different excitation at both acidic and neutral pH. Our study provides direct observation of intrinsic fluorescence and the first full probe of the real‐time dynamics of the intrinsic fluorescence from i‐motifs formed from varied sequences and pH conditions. The results obtained demonstrate concrete evidence for the existence at neutral pH of i‐motifs from both dC20 and the HTS. It also identifies that, under neutral conditions, the i‐motif from dC20 adopting the bimolecular folding structure is significantly more stable than the HTS i‐motif featuring the unimolecular topology. Our femtosecond and nanosecond TRF study unveils excitation dynamics distinctive of the interdigitated architecture of i‐motifs with the excited states involved exhibiting deactivation over a remarkably broad timescale through multiple channels involving proton‐coupled electron transfer lasting tens of picoseconds, as signified by the solvent kinetic isotope effect, and structure‐dependent charge recombination in the hundreds of picoseconds to tens of nanoseconds time regime.
Discrete and Polymeric Self‐Assembled Palladium(II) Complexes as Supramolecular Gelators
Authors: Ganta Sudhakar , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: September 2018

Supramolecular gels prepared from low‐molecular‐weight gelators have been extensively explored. However, the exploitation of discrete or polymeric metal complexes as gelators is a relatively recent trend. The synthesis of self‐assembled coordination complexes from palladium(II) and selected ligands is well established, but the potential of these complexes as gelators is a less explored treasure. Herein we focus on the gelation abilities of some self‐assembled palladium(II) complexes and the resulting unique properties. First, discrete complexes with PdL, PdL2, Pd2L, Pd2L2, Pd2L4, and Pd3L6 compositions are discussed. Second, gelation behavior promoted by coordination‐polymer‐like gelators formed in situ is explored. These gel samples have been employed in catalysis and the uptake of organic and dye molecules from the solution and gas phases. It is concluded that untapped unique properties can be realized by further exploration of designer palladium(II) complexes.
UAS‐basierte Diagnostik von Infrastrukturbauwerken
Authors: Hallermann Norman , Helmrich Marcel , Morgenthal Guido , Schnitzler Elke , Rodehorst Volker , Debus Paul
Published: September 2018

Für Infrastrukturbauwerke hat die Sicherstellung von Standsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit oberste Priorität. Da die Beanspruchbarkeit, welche sich durch Alterung und Schädigungen über die Nutzungsdauer verringert, nur relativ ungenau prognostiziert werden kann, ist eine regelmäßige Erfassung und Bewertung des Bauwerkszustands erforderlich. Als Alternative zur klassischen visuellen Inspektion, die besonders bei großen Bauwerken zu hohen Kosten führt, ist die Nutzung kleiner unbemannter Flugsysteme (UAS) in den Fokus gerückt. Der erreichte Stand der Technik und die Ausstattung mit hochwertigen Kameras qualifiziert diese Systeme für vielfältige Inspektionsaufgaben. In einer Machbarkeitsstudie für die DB Netz AG und parallelen Forschungsarbeiten wurden mögliche Anwendungen von UAS bei der Inspektion großer Ingenieurbauwerke als Teil einer digitalen Instandhaltungsstrategie untersucht. Da hinsichtlich der Befliegungsstrategien, Datenauswertung und Informationsextraktion noch vielfältige Forschungsarbeiten erforderlich sind, die sich aus Unikatcharakter, geometrischer Komplexität und anspruchsvollen Umgebungsbedingungen der Bauwerke ergeben, wurden für typische Referenzobjekte umfangreiche automatisierte Befliegungsstrategien zur Bilddatengenerierung ausgearbeitet und getestet. Diese bilden die Grundlage für eine hochgenaue und hochaufgelöste 3‐DRekonstruktion und Analyse der Bauwerksgeometrie und eine automatisierte Bildauswertung zur Extraktion von Zustandsinformationen.
Susceptibility of placental mitochondria to oxidative stress
Authors: Papa Gobbi Rodrigo , Magnarelli Gladis , Rovedatti María Gabriela
Published: September 2018

Background

Two different mitochondrial fractions (MFs) have been characterized in the human placenta: the “light” and “heavy” fractions (LMF and HMF). Although these organelles are the main source of reactive oxygen species, an imbalance between their production and the rate of detoxification represents a serious threat to mitochondrial homeostasis and, in the case of the placenta, also to the fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and susceptibility to oxidative stress in both types of MFs.

Methods

Human MFs were isolated from healthy donors (n = 11) and either incubated or not with H2O2. Catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP), and protein carbonylation (PC) levels were determined.

Results

H2O2 treatment increased LP and PC levels and decreased CAT activity. GSH levels were similar in control and treated MFs.

Conclusion

H2O2 caused oxidative damage in both LMF and HMF and the antioxidant system measured in these two MFs responded similarly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first partial description of the antioxidant defense in placental HMF and LMF performed in a cell‐free assay. The small number of antioxidant system parameters measured did not allow detecting differences between HMF and LMF.
Reproductive toxicology studies supporting the safety of molindone, a dopamine receptor antagonist
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Gopakumar , Ganiger Shivaputhrappa , White Tacey E. K. , Yu Chungping
Published: September 2018

Background

An extended‐release molindone (a dopamine D2 and serotonin antagonist) is currently being developed as a novel treatment for impulsive aggression (IA) in patients optimally treated for ADHD. Oral Good Laboratory Practice reproductive toxicology studies (fertility and early embryonic [FEE], prenatal/postnatal [PPN], embryo‐fetal development [EFD]) were conducted with molindone HCl using International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) S5(R2)‐compliant protocols.

Methods

In the FEE study, 0, 5, 15, or 30 mg kg−1 day−1 was administered to female (2 weeks premating through implantation) and male (4 weeks premating for 57 days) rats, and fertility parameters were evaluated. In the EFD studies, rats received 0, 5, 20, or 40 mg kg−1 day−1 on gestational days (GDs) 6–17; rabbits received 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg kg−1 day−1 on GDs 6–18. Ovarian/uterine and fetal parameters were evaluated at term. In the PPN study, F0 rats received 0, 5, 20, or 40 mg kg−1 day−1 (GD6–LD21); behavior and reproduction were evaluated in F1 offspring.

Results

Parental hypoactivity and reduced body weight gain occurred in all studies. In the FEE, prolonged estrous cycles and delayed mating occurred at ≥15 mg kg−1 day−1, without effects on fertility or embryonic development. No developmental toxicity occurred in F1 fetuses. In F1 pups, reduced preweaning growth was observed at 40 mg kg−1 day−1, but there were no effects on postweaning growth, behavior, or reproduction.

Conclusions

Molindone was not developmentally toxic in rats or rabbits at 69X and 6X clinical exposures, confirming the reproductive safety of molindone. Changes in estrous cyclicity were related to species‐specific pharmacological effects of molindone in rodents and are not considered relevant to human risk.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Azetidinone and 1H‐Pyrrole‐2,5‐dione Derivatives as Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors for Reducing Inflammation Response and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Xia Yineng , Zhu Lijuan , Yuan Xinrui , Wang Yubin
Published: September 2018

Excess lipid accumulation can initiate the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, thus eventually leading to cardiovascular disease. Lipid‐lowering medication therapy is one of the cornerstones of cardiovascular disease therapy. On the basis of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe, we successfully synthesized seven 2‐azetidinone derivatives and eighteen 1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione derivatives. Most of the new compounds significantly inhibited cholesterol uptake in vitro. In addition, one of the most active inhibitors, 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐[(3S)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propyl]‐4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione (14q), showed no cytotoxicity in L02 and HEK293T cell lines. Further evaluation indicated that 14q inhibited considerably the amount of TNF‐α, ROS, MDA, and LDH in vitro. Therefore, 14q might be a novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
The quest for the optimal treatment for in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Claessen Bimmer E. , Dangas George D.
Published: September 2018

Key Points

A meta‐analysis of 2,173 patients showed that the use of a second generation drug‐eluting stent is similarly effective for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) compared to a drug‐eluting balloon.

However, coronary drug‐eluting balloons are not available and ISR is an off‐label indication for second generation drug‐eluting stents in the United States

Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment of ISR in relation to the underlying mechanism and the ISR pattern.
The relationship between financial planner use and holding a retirement saving goal: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kim Kyoung T. , Pak Tae‐Young , Shin Su H. , Hanna Sherman D.
Published: September 2018

It has been well established in the literature that financial advice leads to informed decision‐making and improved financial outcomes. However, there is limited evidence regarding the link between financial planner use and attitudes toward retirement saving. As financial planners provide comprehensive advice for the long‐term benefits of clients, their clients may become more aware of retirement saving as an important goal. We used data from the 2010 and 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances to examine the association between financial planner use and setting a retirement saving goal. We found that households who consulted a financial planner were more likely to report retirement as the motive for saving, even after we employed a propensity score matching technique to account for systematic differences between those who used and did not use financial planners. Our findings suggest that financial planners do help individuals achieve their long‐term financial objectives by highlighting the importance of retirement planning. The use of other types of financial professionals was not positively associated with the likelihood of setting retirement as an important saving goal in our main model.
Reactions of Arylcarbenes with Lewis Acids
Authors: Raut Akshay Hemant , Costa Paolo , Sander Wolfram
Published: September 2018

The reactions of the three triplet ground state arylcarbenes diphenylcarbene 1, fluorenylidene 2, and dibenzocycloheptadienylidene 3 with the Lewis acids H2O, ICF3, and BF3 were studied under the conditions of matrix isolation. H2O was selected as typical hydrogen bond donor, ICF3 as halogen bond donor, and BF3 as strong Lewis acid. H2O forms hydrogen‐bonded complexes of the singlet carbenes with 1 and 2, but not with 3. This is rationalized by the larger singlet–triplet gap of 3, which does not allow to stabilize the singlet state below the triplet state by hydrogen bonding. With ICF3, both 1 and 3 form halogen‐bonded complexes of the singlet states of the carbenes. This indicates that halogen bonding stabilizes singlet carbenes more than hydrogen bonding. Carbene 2 reacts differently from 1 and 3 by forming an iodonium ylide, thus avoiding antiaromatic destabilization of the fluorenyl unit. With BF3, all three carbenes form zwitterionic Lewis acid/base complexes.
Metal Oxide Interlayer for Long‐Lived Lithium–Selenium Batteries
Authors: Mukkabla Radha , Kuldeep  , Killi Krushnamurty , Shivaprasad Sonnada Math , Deepa Melepurath
Published: September 2018

A lithium–selenium (Li‐Se)‐alkali activated carbon hybrid cell with a tungsten oxide interlayer is implemented for the first time. The Se hybrid at a Se loading of 70 % in the full Li–Se cell delivers a large reversible capacity of 625 mA h gSe−1, in comparison with 505.8 mA h gSe−1 achieved for the pristine Se cell. This clearly shows the advantage of the carbon in improving the capacity of the Li‐Se cell. A tungsten oxide interlayer is drop‐cast over the battery separator to further circumvent the issues of polyselenide dissolution and shuttle, which cause severe capacity fading. The oxide layer conducts Li ions, as evidenced from the Li‐ion diffusion coefficient of 4.2×10−9 cm2 s−1, and simultaneously blocks the polyselenide crossover, as it is impermeable to polyselenides, thereby reducing the capacity fading with cycling. The outcome of this unique approach is reflected in the reversible capacities of 808 and 510 mA h gSe−1 achieved for the Li‐oxide@separator/Se‐alkali activated carbon cell before and after 100 cycles, respectively, thus demonstrating that carbon and oxide can efficiently restrict the capacity fading and improve the performances of Li‐Se cells.
Metal–Organic Framework Templated 3D Hierarchical ZnCo2O4@Ni(OH)2 Core–Shell Nanosheet Arrays for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Han Xue , Yang Yujing , Zhou Jiao‐Jiao , Ma Qingxiang , Tao Kai , Han Lei
Published: September 2018

Designing core–shell electrode materials with desired components and architectures is a promising strategy for boosting electrochemical performance. Here, three‐dimensional hierarchical ZnCo2O4@Ni(OH)2 core–shell nanosheet arrays have been successfully fabricated on a Ni foam substrate, in which the porous ZnCo2O4 nanosheet “core” as the conductive scaffold was synthesized by a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐templated method, and the ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes “shell” with rich active sites were grafted on the ZnCo2O4 nanosheet through a hydrothermal treatment. When directly used as a free‐standing electrode for supercapacitor, these hierarchical ZnCo2O4@Ni(OH)2 core–shell nanosheet arrays exhibited a high capacitance of 3063.2 mF cm−2 (1021.1 F g−1) at the current density of 1 mA cm−2. This electrode significantly outperformed individual Ni(OH)2 or ZnCo2O4 nanosheet arrays, benefiting from the robust core–shell arrays on Ni foam with good electrical conductivity and abundant active sites, as well as the synergetic effect between MOF‐derived porous ZnCo2O4 “core” and the ultrathin Ni(OH)2 “shell”. Moreover, the assembled ZnCo2O4@Ni(OH)2//activated‐carbon asymmetric supercapacitor displayed excellent energy and power densities (maximum of 40.0 Wh kg−1 and 8.02 kW kg−1) and superior cycling stability of 98.4 % retention with 91.2 % coulombic efficiency over 5 000 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Highly Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst Based on Nanowires of Cobalt Sulfide for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Chunyang , Bhoyate Sanket , Kahol Pawan K. , Siam Khamis , Poudel Tej Prasad , Mishra Sanjay R. , Perez Felio , Gupta Alex , Gupta Gautam , Gupta Ram K.
Published: September 2018

Water electrolysis to generate hydrogen and oxygen at low overpotential is one of the main requirements for clean and renewable energy technology. Currently, precious‐metal‐based catalysts such as Pt, IrO2, and RuO2 are being used for water electrolysis limiting its wide range of applicability due to their high cost and rare‐earth abundance. In this research, we have used nanowires of cobalt sulfide as an efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Directly grown nanowires of cobalt sulfide on nickel foam provided superior electrocatalytic activities favoring electron transfer. High surface area and porosity of the nanowires allowed easy escape of the generated oxygen and hydrogen. Cobalt sulfide nanowires required an overpotential of 299 and 217 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. Furthermore, nanowires of cobalt sulfide required a low cell voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 which is among the best‐reported value. A facile preparation method, outstanding bi‐functionality, and electrochemical stability of cobalt sulfide as both HER and OER electrocatalyst, suggest that cobalt sulfide could be a promising material for commercial applications in water electrolysis.
Parallel iterative hill climbing algorithm to solve TSP on GPU
Authors: Yelmewad Pramod , Talawar Basavaraj
Published: September 2018

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is an NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem. Heuristic algorithms provide satisfactory solutions to large instance TSP in a reasonable amount of time. However, heuristic methods result in suboptimal solutions as they do not cover the search space adequately. Sequential heuristic approaches spend significant CPU time in neighborhood generation for large input instances. Neighborhood generation time can be reduced by generating in parallel. GPUs have been shown to be effective in exploiting data and memory level parallelism in large complex problems. This work presents a GPU‐based Parallel Iterative Hill Climbing (PIHC) algorithm using the nearest neighborhood heuristic to arrive at near‐optimal solutions of large TSPLIB instances in a reasonable amount of time. Multiple construction heuristics approaches, thread mapping strategies, and data structures for TSPLIB instances have been evaluated. We demonstrate improved cost quality on symmetric TSPLIB instances up to 85,900 cities. The PIHC GPU implementation gives up to 193× speedup over its sequential counterpart and up to 979.96× speedup over a state‐of‐the‐art GPU‐based TSP solver. The PIHC implementation gives a cost quality with error rate 0.72% in the best case and 8.06% in the worst case.
Managerial attributes, consumer proximity, and corporate environmental performance
Authors: Cho Cecile K. , Cho Theresa S. , Lee Jessie
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we examine the impact of managerial characteristics and consumer proximity on corporate environmental performance (CEP). By analyzing the interaction effects between managerial and organizational factors on the firm's environmental performance, we go beyond the extant literature that has primarily focused on the linkage between CEP and financial performance. Drawing mainly from the upper echelons perspective and institutional theory, we examine the impact of managerial characteristics as antecedents of CEP along with the moderating effect of consumer proximity on CEP. In particular, we focus on the effects of three characteristics of CEOs: tenure, educational level, and functional background. Based on the analysis of 49 companies in textile and apparel industries in Korea, our results provide support for the predicted positive relationships between CEO attributes and CEP.
MIMO antenna selection using biogeography‐based optimization with nonlinear migration models
Authors: Fountoukidis Konstantinos C. , Kalialakis Christos , Psannis Kostas E. , Siakavara Katherine , Goudos Sotirios K. , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis , Obaidat Mohammad
Published: September 2018

This papers deals with the problem of antenna selection (AS) for a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless system under the constraint of the channel capacity maximization. The biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) algorithm is applied on the joint transmitter and receiver AS problem. Moreover, the performance of different BBO migration models is compared with a real valued genetic algorithm (RVGA) as well as with the ant colony optimization (ACO). Representative simulation scenarios are provided in detail, involving selection of 2 × 4,3 × 5,4 × 6,8 × 8 antennas in a 16 × 16 MIMO system. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and the applicability of the BBO algorithm in modern MIMO wireless systems.
Severe bupropion XR abuse in a patient with long‐standing bulimia nervosa and complex PTSD
Authors: Dagan Yael , Yager Joel
Published: September 2018

Objective

Although abuse of bupropion to achieve euphoria or a stimulant‐like effect has been described in the literature, to our knowledge abuse of bupropion XR to control binge eating and reduce appetite by a patient with eating disorder has not been previously reported.

Method

We report the case of a 22‐year‐old woman with bulimia nervosa and complex PTSD who abused bupropion XR to doses that at peak reached 3,000–4,500 mg/day. She suffered from adverse effects including headaches, tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia, and, finally, grand mal seizures.

Results

Unable to control the abuse on her own, she sought inpatient treatment, following which she remained off bupropion XR for a year. However, she subsequently relapsed.

Discussion

The stimulant, euphoriant, and anorexic effects of bupropion XR contribute to its potential for abuse, particularly among patients with eating disorders. Clinicians are reminded to screen for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa histories prior to prescribing this medication, and to consider its abuse among eating disorder patients presenting with seizures. For patients abusing this medication, motivational interviewing in the context of a strong, ongoing therapeutic relationship might help to achieve sustained periods of abstinence.
Intrapopulation variability in wolf diet revealed using a combined stable isotope and fatty acid approach
Authors: O'Donovan Sean A. , Budge Suzanne M. , Hobson Keith A. , Kelly Allicia P. , Derocher Andrew E.
Published: September 2018

Naturally occurring stable isotope ratios and fatty acids are two types of chemical biomarkers frequently used to quantitatively estimate consumer diets. Stable isotope values in animal tissues and diets have been evaluated using Bayesian mixing models to provide dietary estimates of consumers in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Fatty acids have primarily been used to examine diets of marine species. Using muscle and adipose tissue, we combined the two biomarkers in a Bayesian mixing model to generate quantitative diet estimates for gray wolves (Canis lupus,n = 78) in the southern Northwest Territories, Canada. Simulation experiments showed that the combined dataset led to more accurate and precise diet estimates than stable isotopes alone. Overall, bison (Bison bison athabascae) dominated the winter diet (63–96%) of wolves. In one region where bison were not readily available, wolf diet was more variable, with substantial contributions from boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), moose (Alces alces), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and beaver (Castor canadensis). Surprisingly, fish also comprised 5–26% of wolf diet in this region. Wolves likely scavenged on scraps left behind by commercial ice fishing operations on Great Slave Lake. Our investigation underlines the power of combining these two major analytical tools to investigate diet in an elusive and opportunistic predator.
Patch age since disturbance drives patch dynamics for flycatchers breeding in both reservoir and riverine habitat
Authors: Theimer Tad C. , Sogge Mark K. , Paxton Eben H.
Published: September 2018

Species dependent upon early‐successional landscapes often occupy patches at different stages of recovery after disturbance. The demographic processes that drive patch dynamics in these systems have rarely been described but are important for developing effective conservation and management plans, especially when humans have modified the timing and intensity of disturbances that drive regeneration. In riparian systems, disturbance by floods historically initiated plant regeneration, but many rivers are now regulated and stream flows disrupted by dams and reservoirs. We studied the demography and patch dynamics of an endangered, neotropical migrant bird dependent on remnant riparian patches for breeding, the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax trailli extimus), over 9 yr at both a riverine and reservoir site in central Arizona. We found that at both sites, number of territories/ha within patches increased for 2–4 yr after colonization and then declined, with several patches abandoned after 6–10 yr. Age of birds increased with patch age, with younger birds in colonizing patches and older, site‐faithful birds in older patches, while mean per capita reproductive success did not differ with patch age. Natal dispersal and breeding dispersal were primarily from intermediate‐aged patches into either young‐ or other intermediate‐aged patches. At both riverine and reservoir sites, both the number of patches and the number of territorial birds increased over time, with the percentage of territories shifting into younger and younger patches. The type of disturbance driving patch regeneration differed between riverine and reservoir sites (seasonal flooding vs. falling lake levels due to drought), but the demographic patterns did not, indicating that reservoirs can generate patch dynamics similar to those on rivers. Managing stream flows and reservoir levels to maintain disturbance cycles sufficient to generate riparian patches at different stages of regeneration through time would benefit succession‐dependent species like the endangered flycatcher we studied, whether those disturbances arise from natural flooding events along free‐flowing rivers or through changes in reservoir levels.
Innovation in rangeland monitoring: annual, 30 m, plant functional type percent cover maps for U.S. rangelands, 1984–2017
Authors: Jones Matthew O. , Allred Brady W. , Naugle David E. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Donnelly Patrick , Metz Loretta J. , Karl Jason , Smith Rob , Bestelmeyer Brandon , Boyd Chad , Kerby Jay D. , McIver James D.
Published: September 2018

Innovations in machine learning and cloud‐based computing were merged with historical remote sensing and field data to provide the first moderate resolution, annual, percent cover maps of plant functional types across rangeland ecosystems to effectively and efficiently respond to pressing challenges facing conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. We utilized the historical Landsat satellite record, gridded meteorology, abiotic land surface data, and over 30,000 field plots within a Random Forests model to predict per‐pixel percent cover of annual forbs and grasses, perennial forbs and grasses, shrubs, and bare ground over the western United States from 1984 to 2017. Results were validated using three independent collections of plot‐level measurements, and resulting maps display land cover variation in response to changes in climate, disturbance, and management. The maps, which will be updated annually at the end of each year, provide exciting opportunities to expand and improve rangeland conservation, monitoring, and management. The data open new doors for scientific investigation at an unprecedented blend of temporal fidelity, spatial resolution, and geographic scale.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Silver Nanoparticles: From Intrinsic to Switchable Inorganic Antibacterial Surfaces
Authors: Pallavicini Piersandro , Dacarro Giacomo , Taglietti Angelo
Published: September 2018

The layer‐by‐layer technique allows to graft molecular monolayers on bulk surfaces that, in turn, allow to graft monolayers of metal nanoparticles. This microreview focuses on the preparation of such materials featuring a monolayer of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and their use as antimicrobial surfaces against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms. The role of Ag+ release and of direct cell/AgNP contact in the antibacterial action will be stressed as a function of the adhesive molecular layer, of the AgNP dimension and shape, of their surface density, and of the molecular overcoating. While these surfaces display an intrinsic antibacterial action, a further evolution will also be reviewed, in which additional photothermal antibacterial action can be switched on demand, using near‐IR radiation and non‐spherical AgNP or a combination of AgNP with non‐spherical AuNP. The intrinsic and switchable photothermal action of these surfaces will be unraveled, and their synergistic effect stressed.
Coordination Chemistry of the Chiral, Facially Coordinating Tridentate Ligand 1,2‐Bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)ethanol with 3d Transition Metals
Authors: Granelli Matteo , Downward Alan M. , Deville Claire , Franco Alejandro Rodriguez , Guénée Laure , Besnard Céline , Williams Alan F.
Published: September 2018

1,2‐Bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)ethanol (1) and its bis‐N‐methylated derivative (2) act as chiral tridentate facially coordinating ligands capable of binding metals right across the d‐series. Octahedral complexes of divalent and trivalent metal ions are synthesised and characterised by X‐ray crystallography. Only two of the three possible diastereomers are observed in complexes of the type [M(1,2)2] and appear to be close in energy. In complexes of MII ions, the alcohol function of the ligand stays protonated, but the proton is lost in complexes of MIII ions. Electronic and CD spectra are reported. Slow oxidation of the vanadium(III) complex leads to a mixed valence compound where one ligand has been oxidised.
Unravelling the Mysteries of the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Domingo Luis R.
Published: September 2018

After Huisgen's and Firestone's mechanistic proposals made in the 1960s based on experiments, several theories were proposed during the last century to explain [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions, most of them still prevailing today. Recent molecular electron density theory (MEDT) studies of 32CA reactions involving representative three‐atom components have allowed characterising at least four different electronic structures, which experience a dissimilar chemical reactivity. In this review, the four simplest reactivity models are presented, providing a modern rationalisation of 32CA reactions based on MEDT.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Electrophilic C–H‐Bond Fluorination: Mechanistic Overview and Supporting Evidence
Authors: Testa Christelle , Roger Julien , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: September 2018

Palladium‐catalyzed electrophilic fluorination is a particularly attractive and challenging synthetic issue. Because of the rapid evolution of this topic, a critical point on the mechanistic and experimental advances is provided herein. In the present review, we focused on current mechanistic understanding in electrophilic fluorination (and related halogenations) catalyzed by palladium, mainly with N‐directing group. Our discussion is based on the well‐characterized or calculated pertinent metal species and intermediates used for analyzing the plausible catalytic cycles. A particular effort has been devoted to gathering supporting data for the putative species involved in catalysis, such as mass data, NMR in solution (19F, 31P) and X‐ray structures, often supported by theoretical approaches. The cut‐off of this review is March 2018.
Memory of Chirality in a Flow‐Based System: Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Amino Acids Using Flow Microreactors
Authors: Mambrini Antonin , Gori Didier , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Kim Heejin , Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Alezra Valérie
Published: September 2018

Enantioselective synthesis of quaternary α‐amino acids based on alkylation of a conformationally unstable enolate according to a memory‐of‐chirality strategy was successfully adapted to a flow‐based system. This allows for the scale‐up of this enantioselective process with reaction residence times of less than three minutes. The enantiomeric excess values are similar to those obtained in the batch process.
Synthesis of Trisubstituted Acrylic Acids through Nickel‐Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation of Alkynes and Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Authors: Hung Chen‐Hsun , Santhoshkumar Rajagopal , Chang Yu‐Che , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: September 2018

A nickel‐catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted acrylic acids from alkynes, Grignard reagents, and CO2 is reported. The reaction proceeds through carbomagnesiation of the alkyne with Grignard reagent followed by carboxylation with CO2 under mild reaction conditions in short time. Various unsymmetrical alkynes were transformed into the corresponding acid products in good yields with high stereoselectivity.
Twofold Oxidized and Twofold Protonated Redox‐Active Guanidine: An Ultimate Intermediate in Proton‐Coupled Electron‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Wild Ute , Hübner Olaf , Greb Lutz , Enders Markus , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: September 2018

Due to their high Brønsted basicity and redox properties, guanidino‐functionalized aromatics (GFAs) are privileged proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) reagents. Herein we show that the GFA 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)‐benzene (1), after being oxidized to the green dicationic state (12+), can bind one or two protons, resulting in the blue monoprotonated trication (1+H)3+ and the orange diprotonated tetracation (1+2H)4+, realizing the first purely organic PCET reagent that can be diprotonated in its oxidized state. With trifluoroacetate counterions, low‐barrier hydrogen‐bonding is observed, allowing to shift protons reversibly in dependence of the temperature and solvent polarity between 12+ and trifluoroacetate. The protonation of 12+ has dramatic effects on its oxidation capabilities.
Damage sequence and safety margin assessment of expansion joints by shake table testing
Authors: Otsuki Yu , Kurata Masahiro , Skalomenos Konstantinos A. , Ikeda Yoshiki
Published: September 2018

The performance of nonstructural components has attracted attention, and previous large earthquakes have resulted in widespread damage to expansion joints. In contrast to the main structural components, for which ductility beyond the design tolerance is ensured, the safety margin of nonstructural components classified as the product of mechanical engineering, such as expansion joints, is uncertain. This paper investigates the damage sequence and safety margin of expansion joints through shake table testing. The expansion joints were installed to connect 2 rigid steel frames with short and long natural periods. Four commonly used types, high‐performance and standard‐performance floor and wall expansion joints, were tested. Seven damage patterns of the 4 expansion joints were observed, and most of the damage patterns were considered displacement dependent. The damage mechanisms and relative displacements at the moment of damage were identified by using strain gauges attached near collision and damage locations. The high‐performance expansion joints showed only minor damage beyond the design motion range, whereas the standard‐performance expansion joints exhibited minor damage below the design motion range and failure at the design motion range or slightly beyond. For each damage state, repair information was obtained through a questionnaire to an expansion joint manufacturer, and the sum of the initial cost and repair cost for high‐performance and standard‐performance expansion joints was compared. The results will be useful for the selection of expansion joints in the design process.