bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequality in social mobility in Southern Europe. Evidence of Class Ceiling in the area of Barcelona, 16th-19th centuries
Authors: Brea-Martinez Gabriel , Pujadas-Mora Joana-Maria
Published: November 2022

Preindustrial social mobility is still primarily understudied in present times, and most early-industrial social mobility research has focused strictly on occupational mobility, not fully capturing the substantial socioeconomic disparities within occupational groups that presumably always existed. In this study, we contribute to the literature by estimating long-term trends in intergenerational social mobility in Barcelona and its hinterland. Using the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, we assess disparities between socially and non-socially mobile individuals within occupational groups through unique data covering occupational prestige and economic information. We use data from genealogic reconstitutions done with probabilistic record linkage. We find that using a combined SES approach (occupational prestige and economic capacity) can capture both class differences and within-occupation disparities. Accordingly, socioeconomic mobility increased since the beginning of the 18th, during the Catalan protoindustrialization, but with significant class disparities. SES persistence would have increased for Non-Manuals' children, stagnated for Artisans' children, and declined for Farmers'. Moreover, within-occupational groups, we find that upward-mobile individuals would have always been disadvantaged in socioeconomic terms compared to immobile, a constant characteristic from the preindustrial periods until the end of the 19th century. These results suggest that socially immobile (intergenerationally) would perform better than mobile, independent of the period, which seems to recall the sociological concept of class ceiling.
Differential expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 3 in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with triple negative breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 3, CDKN3, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). CDKN3 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). CDKN3 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CDKN3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal B type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of CDKN3 was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like 1 and luminal androgen receptor subtype disease. CDKN3 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Differential expression of chromobox 3 in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with triple negative breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding chromobox 3, CBX3, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). CBX3 was also differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastastic breast cancer (3). CBX3 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CBX3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of CBX3 was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal-like 2 subtype disease. CBX3 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Rethink Deep Learning for Clinical Natural Language Processing: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Luo Chengjing
Published: November 2022

Deep Learning (DL) has become a popular technique in various domains to assist the human decisions, including games, news, finance, economy, biology, medicine and engineering. For clinical domain, even though statistical learning approaches have been used for clinical decision support for years, except the image related tasks, the application of deep learning mostly stays in the literature, not in the real practice. As the key component of clinical decision support system, clinical natural language processing (NLP) still relies on rule-based or statistical-based solutions while other domains have widely applied deep learning based approaches. In this paper, we provide a view on the challenges that deep learning will face for clinical NLP applications, and discuss the not yet funded opportunities from it. Overall, we want to show the broad picture about clinical NLP to deep learning researchers and encourage them to actively contribute to this field.
Review of Rob Withagen, Affective Gibsonian Psychology
Authors: Baggs Edward
Published: November 2022

Book review of Rob Withagen, Affective Gibsonian Psychology, Routledge, 2022.
KIDS KILLER DRUG
Authors: naryono endang
Published: November 2022

Humanitarian disasters are relentlessly coming and going, we feel how the devastating impact of covid-19 from 2019 to 2022 has hundreds of thousands of people killed, millions of children become orphans and the national economy is destroyed and threatened by an economic recession, now covid-19 has begun to subside and hopes have risen in 2022 this disaster will end. In October 2022, a disaster that is no more frightening is coming back, which attacks children aged 0 to 18 years, namely acute kidney failure which has killed nearly 200 people, one of the causes of which is suspected to be the syrup-type drugs consumed. The government's suggestion as the person in charge who was delegated through the Ministry of Health to be sensitive and responsive to this humanitarian disaster which will threaten tens of millions of children in Indonesia, seems to blame each other between the Ministry of Health and BPPOM as stakeholders in the supervision of medicines in the country, BPPOM as a derivative. Negligence of delegation of duties and responsibilities in conducting drug control, quality of human resources, infrastructure and budgets triggers the poor performance of BPPOM in drug control in Indonesia until dangerous drugs can pass marketing authorizations in the market.
Quantifying dyke-induced graben and dyke structure using 3D seismic reflection data
Authors: Magee Craig , Love Victoria , Fayez Karima , Andrews Billy , Rivas-Dorado Samuel , Jackson Christopher , Orlov Claire , Bramham Emma
Published: November 2022

During dyke intrusion, tensile stresses concentrated within the overlying rock may lead to the formation of normal faults. These faults typically form graben-bounding pairs that are sub-parallel to, and dip toward, the upper tip of their underlying dyke. Many studies use geometric properties extracted from the surface expression of such dyke-induced faults to estimate the geometry of subsurface dykes. These methods assume dyke-induced faults are planar and nucleate at the surface. However, recent investigations of the 3D structure of dyke-induced faults using seismic reflection data confirm they can be non-planar and have complex growth histories. Here, we use 3D seismic reflection surveys from offshore NW Australia to: (1) examine how the surface expression of dyke-induced faults relates to subsurface dyke geometry and depth; and (2) test whether subjective bias may influence the quantitative analyses of dyke-induced faults. We show displacement and dip vary across dyke-induced faults, supporting previous suggestions that faults nucleate between dyke upper tips and the free surface. We also find that depths of dyke upper tips predicted using graben width and area of loss measurements, whilst sensitive to fault dip variations and interpretation biases, are often similar to measured dyke depths. Both measured and predicted dyke depths vary by several hundred metres along-strike, which we relate to the preservation of dyke heads, segmentation, and/or magma density changes. Overall, we show reflection seismology provides a better understanding of the 3D structure of dyke-induced faults and their relationship to the geometry and emplacement dynamics of their causal dykes.
Prototype matching: children's preference for forming scientific concepts
Authors: Zhong WANG
Published: November 2022

Inspired by a sample lesson, this paper studies and discusses children's preferences in learning scientific concepts. In a "Dissolution" lesson, one of the students took the demonstration experiment of "carmine dissolves in Water" demonstrated by the teacher as the prototype to judge whether a new phenomenon belongs to dissolution, instead of analyzing and judging the phenomenon by using the dissolution definition. Therefore, we propose a conjecture that "prototype matching" may be a more preferred way for children to learn concepts than thinking through inquiry experiment, analysis, deduction, etc. To this end, we conducted a targeted test on 160 fifth grade students (all of whom had learned this lesson) from a primary school in Beijing, and used goodness of fit test to statistically analyze the results. The results showed that: ① the Chi square of the general result is 73.865, P<0.001, indicating that children did have obvious prototype preference; ② We "tampered" some of the prototypes, that is, they looked like the prototypes that the teacher had told students, but they were actually wrong. However, the results showed that children still preferred these so-called "prototypes" (chi square is 21.823, P<0.001). Conclusion: ① Children have an obvious preference for "prototype matching" in scientific concept learning, which is not only obviously deviated from the current general understanding of science education that emphasizes discovery/inquiry construction, but also points out that there may be a priority relationship among various ways of concept organization (such as definition theory, prototype theory, schema theory, etc.). ② Children's preference for prototypes seems to be unthinking, and they will not identify the authenticity of prototypes, which is particularly noteworthy in front-line teaching.
Harnessing placebo effects to regulate emotions
Authors: Guevarra Darwin A. , Ethan  , Moser Jason
Published: November 2022

Successful emotion regulation is essential for promoting psychological and physical health (DeSteno et al., 2013; Sheppes et al., 2015). However, people often experience difficulties regulating their emotions. Even with optimal self-regulation capacity, people have problems managing their feelings when fatigued or stressed (Grillon et al., 2015; Raio et al., 2013). Therefore, it is essential to find ways to make self-regulation less difficult. Placebo effects, which are brain-body responses to an inert treatment and the psychosocial context in which it is delivered (Ashar et al., 2017), offer an avenue to address these issues since they may regulate emotions automatically (Braunstein et al., 2017). In this review, we focus on placebo effects that use a placebo object or procedure to regulate emotions. This chapter has four goals. First, we discuss placebo effects and their mechanisms. Second, we review evidence of placebos regulating emotions. Third, we discuss the ethical dilemma in using placebos to regulate emotions and highlight work on placebos without deception. Lastly, we discuss basic science and translational application questions and suggest directions for future research.
Exploring the Ethics of the Effects of Social Psychological Experimental Manipulations
Authors: Person Hannah Renee
Published: November 2022

This study explored the assumption that negative effects of social psychological experimental manipulations on participants are minimal and temporary. Two hundred and twenty-one adults, randomly assigned to one of four conditions, completed an online survey. Three of the groups completed a writing activity about inconsistent self-concept elements, intended to decrease self-concept clarity (SCC); the fourth group was a control. Two groups then completed either a domain-specific or domain-general writing task intended to reverse the effects of the experimental manipulation, then a debriefing. The third group only received a debriefing. Participants reported on SCC and their subjective experiences between one and four days later. The results showed no effects of condition or follow-up time on SCC, indicating that the effects of the manipulation, regardless of intervention, dissipated within 24 hours. Participants reporting more positive mood, emotions, and thoughts about themselves during the study were more likely to report that the study procedures more effectively alleviated any negative effects they experienced. Most participants experienced both positive and negative effects, with more experiencing positive than negative effects, and the intensity of these effects was moderate on average.
People experience similar intrusions about past and future autobiographical negative experiences
Authors: Takarangi Melanie , Sanson Mevagh , Moeck Ella , Johns Michelle
Published: November 2022

Background: We know much about people’s problematic reactions—such as distressing intrusions—to negative, stressful, or traumatic past events. But emerging evidence suggests people react similarly to negative and potentially-traumatic future events. Given similar processes underlie remembering the past and imagining the future more generally, we wondered how similar intrusions are for experienced vs. anticipated events. We focused primarily on intrusions because they are a transdiagnostic reaction to traumatic events. Methods: We asked subjects to report either a very stressful event they had experienced in the past 6 months, or one they anticipated they could experience in the next 6 months. We measured the frequency of intrusions about these reported events, and intrusions’ phenomenological characteristics (such as emotional intensity), negative appraisals about their meaning, and reactions to them more generally. Results: Overall, we found intrusions about experienced vs. anticipated autobiographical events were similarly troubling. This pattern supports the idea that anticipating the future can be aversive and elicit post-traumatic-stress disorder-like symptoms, just as remembering the past can. Limitations: Subjects’ nominated events varied in scope and were often non-specific (i.e., not constrained to a particular time and place), and we did not measure subject’s lifetime trauma exposure. Conclusions: Our findings have implications for theoretical models of traumatic-stress and treatment of traumatic-stress symptoms.
The Six Aspects of Faith Development in Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Chen Zhuo Job , Streib Heinz , Hood Ralph
Published: November 2022

This chapter examines the meaning and development of the six aspects of faith development, perspective taking, social horizon, morality, locus of authority, world coherence, and symbolic function. In the existing literature on faith development, the aspects have been used to account for the variety of dimensions that are important for faith, and to warrant equal attention to every aspect when rating the faith development interview and calculating the total FDI score. The aspects have not being given individual treatment. The current study looks into the specific meaning and possible differences among these aspects. We first offer a theoretical overview of what these aspects measure. Then, with data of N = 75 individuals who completed three waves of faith development interviews, hierarchical linear models evidenced upward faith development only in perspective taking and social horizon, not in the other four aspects. A rigorous outcome-wide analysis explored the possible causes of faith development using self-report personality measures. Most importantly, self-acceptance appeared to be a consistent inhibitor of faith development. There were some associations of neuroticism and the religious schemata of truth of text and teachings and of xenosophia interreligious dialogue with faith development. Overall, the associations of personality measures with faith development aspects were weak and not uniform.
Masculine generic pronouns as a gender cue in generic statements
Authors: Redl Theresa , Szuba Agnieszka , de Swart Peter , Frank Stefan L. , de Hoop Helen
Published: November 2022

An eye-tracking experiment was conducted with speakers of Dutch (N=84, 36 male), a language that falls in between grammatical and natural gender languages. We tested whether a masculine generic pronoun causes a male bias when used in generic statements, that is, in the absence of a specific referent. We tested two different types of generic statements by varying conceptual number, hypothesizing that the pronoun "zijn" ‘his’ was more likely to cause a male bias with a conceptually singular than a conceptually plural antecedent (e.g., "Someone (CONCEPTUALLY SINGULAR)/Everyone (CONCEPTUALLY PLURAL) with perfect pitch can tune his instrument quickly"). We found male participants to exhibit a male bias, but with the conceptually singular antecedent only. Female participants showed no signs of a male bias. The results show that the generically-intended masculine pronoun "zijn" ‘his’ leads to a male bias in conceptually singular generic contexts, but that this further depends on participant gender.
An Affective Video Database using Multimedia Content Analysis rated on Indian samples
Authors: Mishra Sudhakar , Asif Mohammad , Srinivasan Narayanan , Tiwary Uma Shanker
Published: November 2022

Availability of naturalistic affective stimuli is needed for creating the affec- tive technological solution as well as making progress in affective science. Although a lot of progress in the collection of affective multimedia stimuli has been made in western countries, the technology and findings based on such monocultural datasets may not be scalable to other cultures. Moreover, the available dataset on affective multimedia content has some experimenter bias in the initial manual selection of affective multimedia content. Hence, in this work, we mainly tried to address two problems. The first problem relates to the experimenter’s subjective bias, and the second relates to the non-availability of affective multimedia dataset validated on Indian population. We tried to address both problems by reducing the experimenter’s bias as much as possible. We adopted the data science and multimedia content analysis techniques to perform our initial collection and a further selection of stimuli. Our method resulted in a dataset with a wide variety in content, stimuli from Western and Indian cinema, and symmetric presence of stimuli along valence, arousal and dominance dimensions. We conclude that using our method, more cross-cultural affective stimuli datasets can be created, which is essential to make progress in affective technology and science.
Mediation of the Association Between Vascular Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms by C-Reactive Protein: Longitudinal Evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors: Romankiewicz Lina , Schaare H. Lina , Nestler Steffen , Villringer Arno , Blöchl Maria
Published: November 2022

People with vascular risk factors (VRFs) are at higher risk for depressive symptoms. Given recent findings implicating low-grade systemic inflammation in both vascular and mental health, this study examined the extent to which the VRF–depressive symptom association might be mediated by low-grade systemic inflammation. To this end, we analysed longitudinal data of 9,034 participants from the UK Biobank (mean age = 56.54 years), who took part in three consecutive assessments over the course of about 8 years. Cumulative VRF burden at baseline was defined as the presence of 5 VRFs (hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and smoking). Low-grade systemic inflammation was assessed using serum-derived C-reactive protein (CRP) and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We performed mediation models using longitudinal data and a path analytic framework, while controlling for age, gender, racial-ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and baseline mood. VRFs at baseline showed a small association with higher depressive symptoms at follow-up (total effect = 0.014, 95% CI [0.007; 0.021]). CRP mediated this association (indirect effect = 0.003, 95% CI [0.001; 0.005]) and accounted for 20.10% of the total effect of VRF burden on depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses taking a symptom-based approach revealed that mediating pathways pertained to specific depressive symptoms: tiredness and changes in appetite. These results suggest that the small association between VRF burden and depressive symptoms may be partly explained by the inflammation-promoting effects of VRFs, which might promote a specific symptom-profile of depression.
Estudo comparativo de sinais que nomeiam cores na libras e na LSA
Authors: Xavier André Nogueira , Fischer Katherine , Morales Diego Gabriel , Gibaudant Nadia Gisel
Published: November 2022

Berlin e Kay (1969), com base na análise de 98 línguas faladas, estabelecem que todasas línguas devem apresentar pelo menos dois termos para cores, um para branco e outro para preto,e que se houver outros, eles devem obedecer a uma sucessão implicacional. Aplicado a 10 línguassinalizadas histórica e geneticamente não relacionadas, Woodward (1989) sugere que esseuniversal é válido para essas línguas também. Um de seus achados, no entanto, aponta umatendência para nomear cores mais distantes de branco e preto na sequência implicacional por meiodo empréstimo da língua majoritária oral. O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar os sinaisque nomeiam cores na língua brasileira de sinais, libras, e na língua de sinais argentina, LSA. Osparâmetros de comparação se baseiam na presença de variação fonológica e lexical entre os sinaispara cores, na motivação dos sinais nativos e nos processos de formação dos empréstimos. Alémdisso, pretende-se também comparar essas duas línguas à luz dos padrões identificados porWoodward (1989). Nossos resultados mostram diferenças em todos os parâmetros considerados, com destaque para a maior frequência de empréstimo da língua majoritária oral nos nomes de coresda libras do que na LSA.
Network Analysis of Case Study Petra S.: A Mixed-methods Approach
Authors: Chen Zhuo Job , Steppacher Anika , Streib Heinz
Published: November 2022

Three waves of Petra’s interviews (her case study appears in Chapter 11) have been coded with the recently developed content coding scheme that applies over 150 prominent codes to describe each interview. These content codes are subject to quantitative analysis and visualization using the mathematical tools provided by network analysis. For each interview, content codes form a directed network of adjacent connections among the codes, and the edge weights reflect the frequency of each connection. In the analysis, node and network level statistics of centrality, connectivity, spread, subgroups, and homophily are offered to illustrate the node importance and various network structures. Inferential statistics use random graph modeling to test whether any of the network structures significantly differs from randomness such that they convey important information about how different codes connect with each other. Visualization of the trimmed networks provide further aid to understand the empirical connections of content codes. These quantitative analyses are enriched with interpretations of Petra’s life stories, thus providing both a panoramic view of the structure of her interviews, and a high-resolution view of some of their details. The use of network analysis to understand the structure of a qualitative interview opens doors to an array of mixed-methods research possibilities with the Faith Development Interview data and qualitative data alike.
Don't worry, it won't be fine. Contributions of anxious apprehension and anxious arousal to startle responses and event-related potentials in threat anticipation
Authors: Carsten Hannes Per , Härpfer Kai , nelson brady , Kathmann Norbert , Riesel Anja
Published: November 2022

A widely shared framework suggests that anxiety maps onto two dimensions: Anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. Previous research linked individual differences in these dimensions to differential neural response patterns in neuropsychological, imaging, and physiological studies. Differential effects of the anxiety dimensions might contribute to inconsistencies in clinical and non-clinical studies that examine neural processes underlying anxiety such as hypersensitivity to unpredictable threat. The present study investigated associations between the anxiety dimensions and the neural processing of anticipated threat. From a large online sample (N = 1,603), we invited 136 non-clinical participants with converging and diverging anxious apprehension and anxious arousal profiles into the laboratory. The participants underwent the NPU-threat test with alternating phases of unpredictable threat, predictable threat, and safety, while physiological responses (startle reflex and startle probe locked event-related potential components N1 and P3) were recorded. Anxious apprehension predicted increased startle responses to unpredictable threat and increased attentional allocation (P3) to startle probes in predictable threat anticipation. Initial evidence emerged for anxious arousal predicting increased startle and N1 in unpredictable threat anticipation. These results suggest that trait variations in the anxiety dimensions likely shape the dynamics of neural processing of threat stimuli. Specifically, anxious apprehension seems to simultaneously increase automatic defensive preparation during unpredictable threat and increase attentional responding to threat-irrelevant stimuli during predictable threat anticipation. Individual differences in the anxiety dimensions might be reflected in altered physiological response patterns such that more pronounced symptom profiles in one dimension might be associated with hypersensitivity to unpredictable aversive contexts.
Personality measures predict self-report measures of executive functioning problems in a non-clinical Brazilian sample
Authors: Porfírio Jonas Caio Costa
Published: November 2022

Executive functions (EF) are defined as a set of skills that relate to our ability to solve problems, make decisions, and reason logically. Recognizing the importance of executive abilities to everyday functioning, self-report instruments were developed with the objective of constructing instruments more ecologically valid than EF tasks. However, recent studies found associations of EF self-report with personality measures and no associations of these EF measures with EF tasks. Thus, our objective in this study was to investigate associations between EF self-report measures and personality measures. Participated In the study 225 individuals. To assess EF, we use the Executive Function Index Scale, Webexec Scale, and Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) scale. We found that anxiety as a trait (a proxy of neuroticism) and conscientiousness were predictors of all the EF self-report global scores. Furthermore, we use structural equation modeling and found that conscientiousness and neuroticism were both predictors of self-report EF measure by the Webexec Scale. This suggests that these instruments may not be adequate as measures of EF in non-clinical samples.
Structural-Demographic Analysis of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) Collapse in China
Authors: Orlandi Georg , Hoyer Daniel , Hongjun Zhao , Bennett James S , Benam Majid , Kohn Kathryn , Turchin Peter
Published: November 2022

This paper analyzes the collapse of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) through the lens of the Structural Demographic Theory (SDT), a general framework for understanding the drivers of socio-political instability in state-level societies. Although a number of competing ideas for the collapse have been proposed, none provide a comprehensive explanation that incorporates the interaction of all the multiple drivers involved. We argue that the four-fold population explosion during the 19th century, the competition for a stagnant number of elite positions, and increasing state fiscal stress combined to produce an increasingly disgruntled populace and elite, leading to significant internal rebellions. We find that while neither the ecological disasters nor the foreign incursions witnessed during the 19th century were sufficient on their own to bring down the Qing, when coupled with the rising internal socio-political stresses, they produced a rapid succession of triggering events that culminated in the Qing collapse.
Record Linkage for Character-Based Surnames: Evidence from Chinese Exclusion
Authors: Postel Hannah M.
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a novel pre-processing technique to improve record linkage for historical Chinese populations. Current matching approaches are relatively ineffective due to Chinese-specific naming conventions and enumeration errors. This paper develops a three-step process that both triples the match rate over baseline and improves match accuracy. The procedures developed in this paper can be applied in part or in full to other sources of historical data, and/or modified for use with other character-based languages such as Japanese. More broadly, this approach suggests the promise of language-specific linkage procedures to boost match rates for ethnic minority groups.
Proximal composition of bee pollen and its functional effect on stress
Authors: Costa Elizabete Lourenco da , Antonio José Marcelino , Pereira Odilon Antonio , Nascimento Ellen Virgínia de Oliveira , Mesquita Juliana Tonini
Published: November 2022

Bee pollen is an agglomerate of microscopic grains rich in proteins and phenolic compounds. Other products rich in flavonoids and vitamins, as well as bee pollen, have been shown a positive effect on stress, which is a physical condition that can lead to several somatic disorders. In this work the compositional characteristics of bee pollen were measured, and its effect in volunteers’ adult men was evaluated by a cortisol salivary test, and by responding to Lip’s Stress Symptom Inventory. The volunteers were given bee pollen for a month. After that, the salivary cortisol was measured and applied the questionnaire. Bee pollen shown an adequate nutritional composition. Its administration had a 23% reduction in salivary cortisol. The values obtained in the questionnaire were consistent with the results of the cortisol dosage, which relieved the symptoms reported by the volunteers. A phytochemical screening was also performed on this material showing the presence of flavonoids, which may be an active compound responsible for the functional effect in the stress relieving of the participants.
Case of Self-Mutilation –Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Sweta Kumari , Dallakoti Samanata , Sapkota Ranjit , Sangroula Niraj
Published: November 2022

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome involves a congenital error of purine metabolism, due to the absence (or very low levels) of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) enzyme. The classic clinical phenotype of LNS was first described by Michael Lesch and William Nyhan in 1964 and is characterized by hyperuricemia, intellectual disability, severe motor deficiency, and recurring self-mutilation . Here we present a case of a 4-year-old male child with features of self-mutilation, aggression, and poor neck control and unable to sit and stand. we diagnosed him as a case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome based on clinical features and slight hyperuricemia. Due to the lack of medical facilities, many cases of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome undergo unnoticed in many underdeveloped countries.
Epidemiological Study of Organophosphorus Poisoning at College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Manohar , Upadhyay Hari Prasad , Shrestha Ayasha , Pradhan Alok
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Poisoning is an acute medical emergency. Organophosphorus (OP) poison, being easily available and relatively cheaper, is mostly used by people for suicide. It is a major health problem worldwide also a major cause of suicide in Nepal. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall profile of patients with Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning.
Methods: A Prospective hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients of organophosphorous poisoning in the emergency department (ER) of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital during one year period from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2021. Data analysis was done using SPSS-16 software. Categorical variables were presented in the form of tables with frequency and percentage. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical tools.
Results: A total of 123 OP poisoning cases attended in the emergency department of College of Medical Sciences over a period of one year. The overall female to male ratio was 1.19:1. Most poisoning occurred in the age group 15-25yrs. Majority of the patients were married and were students. Oral route (87.83%) was the most common route of administration. The main reason was family and personal issues. Majority of the patients stay 3-7 days in the hospital. The mortality of poisoning was 3.25%.
Conclusions: Majority of the intentional poisoning occurred in the female, married & students of younger age group. The main reason was family and personal issue.
Translation with Cross-cultural Adaptation of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children into Nepali and its Psychometric Properties
Authors: Shrestha N. , Suwal A. , KC S. , Adhikari S. P.
Published: November 2022

Background Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life questionnaire for children primary caregiver version is the widely used condition specific outcome measure which assesses the wellbeing of the child. It has been translated to many languages and shows excellent psychometric properties. Availability in Nepali would facilitate the use in clinical practice and research in Nepali population.

Objective The objective of this study was translation with cross-culturally adaption of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life questionnaire for children primary caregiver version into Nepali and assess its psychometric properties.

Method Cross-cultural adaptation was performed using forward and backward translation protocol. Pretesting was done on six participants to confirm that the original concept was preserved. The Nepali version of questionnaire was administered twice for data collection. The feasibility, sensitivity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability was determined.

Result Culturally adapted Nepali version showed good feasibility only the domain “Access to service” had a highest missing score related to use of the special equipment, attending kindergarten and applying for respite care. Floor and ceiling effect were < 15% in all the domains except in few items of “Pain and impact of disability” and “Social well being and acceptance”. Test retest reliability (0.82 – 0.91) and internal consistency (0.68 – 0.84) was good. There were weak association of domains with the gross motor functional classification system level.

Conclusion Cross-culturally adapted Nepali Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life questionnaire for children primary caregiver was developed. It demonstrates good psychometric properties confirming to assess quality of life of children with Cerebral palsy in Nepal.
Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Gallstone Disease in University Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Joshi H. N. , Singh A. K. , Shrestha D. , Shrestha I. , Karmacharya R. M.
Published: November 2022

Background Gallstone disease is one of the most common surgical problem throughout the world. The rise in gallstone disease burden and its wide spectrum of non-specific presentation makes the disease more challenging.

Objective To know the various modes of presentation, socio-demographic details of the patients with gallstone disease, any associated factors and its treatment options.

Method This is a prospective descriptive study in the patients presenting to Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital diagnosed with gallstone during May 2018 to April 2020. After receiving ethical clearance from institutional Review committee, the informed consent was taken from all patient involved in the study. The presence of gallstone was confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography (USG). This study included total of 202 patients with gallstone disease.

Result A total of 202 individuals with gallstone were included in the study; 48 males (24%) and 154 females (76%). The disease condition was common in age group 31-40 years (26.24%). Majority of the study population consumed mixed diet (92.57%). Out of 202 patients; 52 patients (25.74%) were overweight. In this study series 185 patients (91.58%) were symptomatic. Pain abdomen was one of the commonest symptoms (97.84%) followed by Nausea (28.11%), Dyspepsia (28.11%), Vomiting (18.38%), Fever (1.62) and Jaundice (1.08%). All cases were planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy however 4 cases had to be converted to open surgery for completion.

Conclusion Gallstone disease is a common surgical problem in Female population that presents most commonly with pain abdomen. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be easily performed in all cases of gallstone disease.
Role of Staging Laparoscopy in Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Sharma A. , Thapa P.
Published: November 2022

Background Preoperative accurate staging of gallbladder cancer is still difficult. A number of patients with gallbladder cancer who undergo laparotomy for curative resection are ultimately found to have unresectable disease. The benefit of staging laparoscopy is its ability to find out the radilogical occult intraperitoneal metastasis and to spare from non-theraputic laparotomy. The role of staging laparoscopy has been extensively studied in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies and found to be useful. But in recent time its utility in biliary cancers is sceptical probably because of the advent of positron emission tomography. However in gallbladder cancer it is still recommended.

Objective To identify the utility of staging laparoscopy in gall bladder cancers.

Method Hospital based study conducted at Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal from October 2014 to June 2020. The patients with resectable gallbladder cancers on computed tomography were included. All patients underwent single stage staging laparoscopy. Staging laparoscopy was considered positive if the surface lesions (liver and/or peritoneal deposits) were detected. The surgery was terminated if positive. Patients with negative staging laparoscopy were proceeded with laparotomy.

Result Staging laparoscopy was done in 47. The yield of staging laparoscopy was 14 (29.78%) and its accuracy was 58.33% (14/24). Out of 33 (70.21%) with negative staging laparoscopy, 10 (30.3%) had unresectable disease in laparotomy. The yield was higher in locally advanced in comparison to early disease (78.57% Vs 21.42%).

Conclusion We recommend routine staging laparoscopy in gallbladder cancer, particularly when the disease is locally advanced.
Absence of the Musculocutaneous Nerve and Associated Compensation by the Median Nerve
Authors: Moore K. , Prasad A. M. , Badagabettu S. N.
Published: November 2022

The musculocutaneous and median nerves frequently show variations from their normal course. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare variation, in which the right musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Consequently, the median nerve supplied motor innervation to the flexor compartment of the arm and sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm. The primary targets of this paper are orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists. In cases of injuries to the upper limb, knowledge of these variations can assist them in avoiding misdiagnoses.
الاستثمار واستدامة التراث العمراني من خلال إعادة الاستخدام
Authors: كريم مجيد السدخان أريج , محسن إبراهيم كاظم
Published: November 2022

تناول البحث مفردتي الاستثمار واستدامة التراث العمراني، لا بكونهما متضادين (يمثل الاستثمار حالة الانعتاق عن هذا التراث)، وإنما بوصفهما مركبتي التطوير من خلال تطويع التراث العمراني لمواكبة متطلبات الحياة المعاصرة مع الإبقاء على الصورة التقليدية للتراث، يمثل الاستثمار أداة التطوير فيه.

ان الاهتمام بالتراث العمراني واستدامته بوصفه فعاليةً اقتصادية بالمعنى الأعم ومشروعاً استثماريا بالمعنى الأخص، يتطلب تطوراً في قراءة قيم التراث لتشمل القيم الاقتصادية فيه والتي تعد من الدراسات الحديثة التي تبنى عليها الجدوى الاقتصادية للاستثمار في مشاريع التراث العمراني بغية استدامته.

      تمثلت مشكلة البحث في: الحاجة الى تعميق المعرفة في طبيعة الدور الذي يلعبه الاستثمار من خلال اعادة الاستخدام في استدامة التراث العمراني. يهدف البحث الى: تعميق المعرفة في علاقة الاستثمار باستدامة التراث العمراني من خلال اعادة الاستخدام. من خلال فرضيته المتمثلة في: إن الاستثمار الامثل في التراث العمراني يكون من خلال أعادة استخدام هذا التراث وهو الاسهام الامثل في استدامته.

تم تقصي هذه العلاقة والتعزيز بالأمثلة المحلية والعربية والعالمية للتوصل الى إن إعادة الاستخدام بوظائف سياحية أو ثقافية مطلوبة لدى المجتمع المحلي تعد الطريقة الاقتصادية الأمثل لاستدامة التراث المعماري لما توفره من تمويل ذاتي لمتطلبات الاستدامة، وتسهم في جعل هذا التراث حيوياً وفاعلاً في الحياة الاجتماعية، فضلا عن المنافع المجتمعية المترتبة عليه.
Sistem Informasi Kasir Berbasis Website Pada Toko A-HA Emporio Bakery Kota Tegal
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Akbar Muhammad Faittullah , Wulandari Uci , Syukron Akhmad
Published: November 2022

Dalam era sekarang ini, teknologi informasi melaju dengan cepatnya. Dalam mengelola informasi dibutuhkan teknologi yang baik karena informasi mempunyai nilai yang besar bagi suatu perusahaan. Perkembangan teknologi computer disaat sekarang ini dengan kecepatan akses internet yang semakin canggih telah memungkinkan pengembangan sistem informasi berbasis komputer. Masalah yang ada pada A-Ha Emporio Bakery yaitu mengenai pengolahan data-datanya yang masih dilakukan secara manual, mulai dari proses manajemen stok, data member, kerancuan data ketersediaan roti apabila ada perpindahan roti yang di lakukan oleh outlet cabang, sering tidak adanya kecocokan stok antara data dengan ketersediaan aslinya, Pengiriman laporan ke pusat hanya mengandalkan kamera handphone agar laporan dapat tersampaikan dengan cepat serta dalam membuat laporan yang masih menggunakan microsoft excel. Perancangan sistem digambarkan dengan pemodelan UML, sistem informasi kasir pada A-Ha Emporio Bakery berbasis web intranet ini merupakan solusi yang terbaik, dapat meningkatkan kualitas pengolahan data roti di A-Ha Emporio Bakery. Dengan dibuatnya sistem informasi kasir berbasis website, dapat membantu mempermudah pengolahan data dengan maksimal, sekaligus menjaga data tetap aman dan meminimalisir adanya kerangkapan data. Perancangan sistem informasi kasir berbasis website ini dibuat menggunakan Bahasa pemograman  PHP dan MySQL.
Merancang Pengisi Toren Berbasis Sensor HC-SR04
Authors: Widodo Pudji , Fadlilah Nuzul Imam , Saputro Tri Atmoko Sanggrah
Published: November 2022

Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan penduduk terpadat ke-4 di dunia dengan demikian tingkat kebutuhan air penduduk Indonesia pun sangatlah tinggi. Hal tersebut yang mendorong pembangunan Program Penyediaan Air Minum diantaranya adalah BUMDES PAMSIMAS dan PDAM. Dengan kemudahan akses yang di berikan oleh pemerintah saat ini sering terjadi juga air tak mengalir atau mati karena permasalahan kelistrikan atupun karena banyaknya pemakaian, sehingga air dalam penampungan utama pun surut. dalam kasus ini masyarakat sering mengatasinya dengan pembuatan toren air, hal tersebut efektif untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada. Pada pemasangan toren air atau penampungan air juga masih terdapat permasalahan yang timbul antara lain sulitnya melakukan pemantauan air pada torent air, pemborosan air akibat kecerobohan pengguna karena lupa mematikan kran manual, dan kerusakan pada kran. Sehingga dibutuhkan otomatis kran pada pengisian toren air. Untuk itulah penulis mencoba membuat tugas akhir mengenai alat kran pengisi toren berbasis sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04, karena sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 merupakan sensor yang dapat mendeteksi ketinggian yang akan dibutuhkan oleh penulis untuk pembuatan alat ini. Alat otomatis kran ini dikendalikan oleh mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pusat kontrol ysng terhubung ke sensor ultrasonik yang akan mendeteksi ketinggian air pada toren dan Selenoid Valve sebagai otomatis kran
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Parkir Sepeda Motor Berbasis Dekstop
Authors: Rahmawati Eka
Published: November 2022

Komputerisasi membuat setiap aktifitas manusia dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Sistem yang sudah terkomputerisasi mempermudah beberapa aspek diantaranya input data dan juga perolehan laporan. Parkir sepeda motor menjadi salah satu sarana publik yang membutuhkan sistem tekromputerisasi agar dapat mempercepat prosedur sistem berjalan. Perancangan sistem informasi parkir dilakukan agar lokasi parkir yang tersedia dapat diketahui. Selain itu, lama waktu parkir juga dapat diketahui sehingga tarif parkir dapat dihitung dengan tepat.  Sistem informasi parkir juga memudahkan pengguna untuk mengubah tarif parkir. Selain itu, pengguna juga dapat memperoleh laporan parkir dengan mudah dan cepat. Akses aplikasi parkir yang hanya diperuntukan kepada petugas dan pihak tertentu membuat sistem informasi ini dibuat berbasis desktop.
Students’ Motivation in Learning English at The Sixth Semester of Mathematics Education Program
Authors: Widiarti Tantri , Gailea Nurhaeda , Utomo Dhafid Wahyu
Published: November 2022

This study intended to figure out the level and the dominant motivation in learning English for sixth-semester students majoring in the Mathematics Education Program of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This was viewed from three dimensions (Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, and L2 Learning Experience) of the L2 Motivational Self System framework of Dörnyei (2005, 2009). A quantitative research approach was employed through a survey study design to achieve the aim of the study. A total of 27 close-ended questionnaire items with a 5-point Likert Scale was administered to 79 participants. The main findings revealed that the motivation level of students held a moderate rate ( 3.53, SD = .870). Further description, 70% of students had a moderate level, and 30% reached a high level. Additionally, it found that the students were dominantly motivated by the L2 Learning Experience (= 3.67, SD = .756). It indicated that the motivation came from learning experiences and situations around students. While the Ideal L2 Self (= 3.63, SD = .878) was ranked in the second position, and Ought-to L2 Self (= 3.29, SD = .977) followed in the third position. Based on the research findings, some implications were recommended to be employed by EFL lecturers in enhancing students’ motivation, along with some directions for future researches in the area of motivational studies.