bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrasi Kurikulum
Authors: Sari Riga , Afriansyah Hade
Published: July 2019

This article describe about curriculum. The curriculum is a set of plans and arrangements regarding the objectives, content, and learning materials and materials used as guidelines for the implementation of learning activities to achieve certain educational goals (Rusman, 2009: 3). Administration of the curriculum is a system of curriculum management that is cooperative, comprehensive, systemic, and systematic in order to realize the achievement of curriculum objectives. The aim of the curriculum is to achieve institutional learning at educational institutions, so that the curriculum plays an important role in realizing quality and quality schools. The method used in this study includes planning, implementation, supervision, and curriculum evaluation. Thus it can be seen that a good curriculum is a curriculum that follows the development of science and technology based on society. Failure in the administration of a curriculum will have fatal consequences on the success of the world of education.
Strategi dalam Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors: Putri Yum Rani Aulia , Rusdinal  , Afriansyah Hade
Published: July 2019

This is article describe about strategy in Decision Making
Studi Histokimia Usus Biawak Air (Varanus salvator bivittatus) (Reptil: Varanidae)
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Ernawati
Published: July 2019

Biological information, behaviour and suitable habitat of water monitor was very less in order to support its maintenance management and breeding efforts. One of important information is the information of digestive tract, particularly the information about the structure of intestine tissue of water monitor. Sample in this research was intestine organ of water monitor. The animal was anesthetized, exanguinated, and fixed in paraformaldehyde 4% by tissue perfusion method. The intestine tissue sample for histological section with paraffin method was cutted with 3-4 μm thick and coloured with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation were performed to the structure of intestine histology. The results was analysed descriptively and presented in figures. Monitor lizard intestine consist of small intestine and large intestine. The small intestinal wall was observed similar to jejunum and ileum. The large intestinal wall was composed of transitional ephytelia and connective tissue. However, the ephytelial layer in this tissue was composed of transitional ephytelia that similar to vesica urinaria and there are no villi.
Pendekatan terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors: Ningsih Sumiati , Afriansyah Hade
Published: July 2019

This article describes decision making and approaches to decision making. Decision making is the process off coosing an alternative way of acting in an efficien method according to the situation. In this article, the research method does not directly enter the field but the writer only use the literature study method by collecting material sourced from books, journals and other sources related to decision making.
Artikel tentang konsep dasar, proses dan ruang lingkup administrasi pendidikan
Authors: Afis Hazimah Qatrun Nada , Afriansyah Hade
Published: July 2019

This article aims to describe how education administration should run in general. This article was prepared using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, which begins with gathering study materials on the basic concepts of educational administration (understanding of educational administration, the importance of educational administration and the purpose of education administration), educational administration processes and the scope of educational administration. The material is in the form of books, articles, journals and various other sources. After the study material is collected, then the material is examined and studied in depth by the author, then the author concludes a new knowledge of the results of the analysis of the study materials. The results of education in education analysis are all education and facilities used in terms of the relationship of education in accordance with established policies to achieve as efficient and as effective as possible education, which includes the definition of education in education, the importance of educational administration and educational administration goals. Administrative administration of education itself consists of planning, organizing, activating and controlling. And the scope of education education is in the fields of academics, personnel, personnel, teacher companies, supervision, tourism and guidance.
Faktor Internal yang Mempengaruhi Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors: Indriany Fovi , Afriansyah Hade , Rusdinal
Published: July 2019

This article aims to describe about internal factors that influence decision making. The methodology used to regulate this article is a literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to decision-making material. The results of this article are based on the analysis of researchers in general there are three internal factors that influence decision making. including personality, management style, and creativity.
Administrasi Sarana Prasarana Pendidikan
Authors: siregar Dyah nurul qodri , Afriansyah Hade
Published: July 2019

The world of education is a world where there are learning activities between teachers and students,these two components cannot be eliminated in an educational process because if one of them is lost there will never be a learning goal.However,on the other hand there are components that also play a relo as supporting learning activties both directly and indirectly.No les important components are facilities and infrastructure. Administration of education facilities and infrastructure is very supportive of achieving a goal of education ,as a personal education we are required to master and understand the administration of facilities and infrastructure , to improve work power effectively and efficiently and be able to respect the work power ethics of personal education, so harmoy,comfort can create pride and a sense of belonging both from the school community and the residents of the surrounding community.
The impact of eye contact on the sense of agency
Authors: Ulloa Fulgeri Jose Luis , Vastano Roberta , George Nathalie , Brass Marcel
Published: July 2019

Recent research suggests that eye contact can lead to enhanced self-awareness. A related phenomenon, the sense of agency deals with the notion of the self as the origin of our actions. Possible links between eye contact and agency have been so far neglected. Here, we investigated whether an implicit sense of agency could be modulated by eye gaze. We asked participants to respond (button press) to a face stimulus: looking or not at the participant (experiment 1); or displaying distinct eye gaze before or after a mask (experiment 2). After each trial, participants estimated the time between their key press and the ensuing effects. We found enhanced intentional binding for conditions that involved direct compared to averted gaze. This study supports the idea that eye contact is an important cue that affects complex cognitive processes and suggests that modulating self-processing can impact the sense of agency.
Whose ideas are worth spreading? The representation of women and ethnic groups in TED talks
Authors: Schwemmer Carsten , Jungkunz Sebastian
Published: July 2019

We investigate the representation of women and ethnic groups in TED talks, which reach a large online audience on YouTube with science-related content and topics on societal change. We argue that gaps in representation can create a misleading perception of science and the respective topics discussed in these talks. We validate annotations from an image recognition algorithm for identifying speaker ethnicity and gender to compile a data set of 2,333 TED talks and 1.2 million YouTube comments. Findings show that more than half of all talks were given by white male speakers. While the share of women increased over time, it is constantly low for non-white speakers. Topic modeling further shows that the share of talks addressing inequalities which affect both groups is low, but increasing over time. However, talks about inequalities and those given by female speakers receive substantially more negative sentiment on YouTube than others. Our findings highlight the importance of speaker and topic diversity on digital platforms to reduce stereotypes about scientists and science-related content.
In Visible Families: Gay Fatherhood and the Politics of Family Change
Authors: Carroll Megan
Published: July 2019

Who counts as a gay father? The answer to this question reaches beyond demographics, encompassing histories of family inequality, LGBTQ identity, and social movements. Presentations of gay fathers in the media and scholarship are often skewed toward white, middle-class, coupled men who became parents via adoption or surrogacy. Yet the demographic majority of gay parents continue to have children in heterosexual unions. My dissertation research uses ethnographic and interview data to argue that contemporary narratives of gay fatherhood have prematurely dismissed gay parents who have children in heterosexual unions. The choice to exclude gay fathers via heterosexual unions can be attributed to emerging narratives of LGBTQ identity and political strategies of the marriage equality movement. The consequences of gay fathers’ disproportionate visibility have led to a stratified system of access to gay parenting resources. By identifying the mechanisms that undermine gay fathers’ diversity in the public imagination and in gay parenting community settings, my dissertation amplifies the voices of marginalized gay fathers and offers an intersectional approach to the study of LGBTQ families through a social movements framework.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Among Babies Delivered at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Kayastha Pawana , Manandhar Sunil Raja
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Low birth weight is directly related to both immediate and long term development and wellbeing of a person. There are numerous maternal and foetal factors contributing to low birth weight. The mortality and morbidity of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques.

Methods: 207 low birth weight live newborn babies regardless of gestational age born in a tertiary level teaching institute from September 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled as cases and same number of normal birth weight babies (i.e. 2.5 to 4 kgs) as control. Information was obtained directly from mothers using pretested structured questionnaire and was analysed using SPSS version 20.

Results: The incidence of low birth weight was found to be 9.8%. Mean weight of low birth weight babies was 1.98 kg and mean gestational age was 37.34 weeks. Among low birth weight babies, 47.8% were preterm and 52.2% were term. Out of 119 small for gestational age babies, the frequency of symmetrical small for gestational age was 45.3% and asymmetrical small for gestational age was 54.6%. There was significant association of low birth weight with multiple maternal factors like maternal age, education, weight, height, weight gain during pregnancy, ANC visits, parity, antepartum haemorrhage, previous abortion/low birth weight, birth spacing, tobacco/alcohol intake and haemoglobin.

Conclusions: Prevalence of low birth weight is likely to be far higher than figure in isolated rural settings of our country. Contribution of SGA is higher than Appropriate for Gestational Age which brings us to a larger burden of long term morbidity and mortality. Various maternal factors are responsible for birth of low birth weight babies.
Recent Advances in Neurosurgery
Authors: Paudel Subodh Sharma , Luitel Ritesh
Published: July 2019

Neurosurgery, a new subspecialty, is constantly evolving and changing over a period of time. In recent times, new insights and requirements in terms of knowledge and practice, sub-specialisation among consultants and use of multidisciplinary teams of neurosurgeons, radiologists, anaesthesiologists, and pathologists are involved to tackle neurological problems. In recent years, newer advanced technologies have expanded and redefined the discipline of neurosurgery
A Review of the Fabrication of the Polyurethane Nano Fibers and its Potential Applications
Authors: Shah Dinesh
Published: July 2019

The electro spinning process is highlighted with the ability of fabricating fibers with diameters on the nanometer scale, small inter-fibrous pore size and high porosity, vast possibilities for fictionalization with high surface area to volume or mass ratio, ease of use and instrument setup, and adaptability. It attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique properties. Different polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers using this technique including synthetic polymers such as polyurethane (PU). Electrospun PU nanofiber mats exhibiting good mechanical properties may have a wide variety of potential applications in high-performance air filters, protective textiles, wound dressing materials, sensors, drug delivery, etc.
Theorizing Small Towns in Anthropological Views in Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Badri Nath
Published: July 2019

This paper has attempted to define the terms urban, urbanism, cities and towns which are confusing terms however interrelated. An interdisciplinary approach has been adopted to achieve this objective. The towns are small in size, population along with development basis than cities. Earlier stage of towns or small towns was village. As a foundation, village was the original form of all. In this sense, it is focused on the overall urban−rural structure where rural/village has crucial role to develop town to cities. Archeologically, the effort to subsist in primitive people was based on the process of agricultural farming. The first and early civilization in human behaviours was found in Near East (similar as Middle East in West Asia) as initial town at the bank of the river. Therefore, the origin of the towns indicates early people began to be civilized in their daily activities. Later, the towns were extended. In Nepal, there are generally urban areas, cities, towns and villages as local levels in the forms of Metropolitan Cities, Sub Metropolitan Cities, Municipality, and Rural Municipality at the one side, DUD BC at the other has classified into five classes− metro city, sub- metro city, city, sub-city or small town and urban centre based on urban faculties and population.
Trends in Sexual Practices of Nepalese Youth over Time 2006-2016
Authors: Shakya Dhanendra Veer
Published: July 2019

This study attempts to examine trends in incidence of sexual experience, age at first sex, number of life-time sex partners, multiple sex partners in last 12 months, relationship with last sex partner, and use of condom at last sex if last sex partner was other than spouse or non-live-in-partner among Nepalese youth over time 2006-2016. This study has used 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data files with weighted cases. Data are analyzed using percentage and frequency tables and statistical tests are carried out using binomial logistic and least square regression models not controlling for variables other than survey years. The findings show that incidences of pre-marital sex, multiple sex partners in last 12 months and other than spouse or non-live-in-partner as last (most recent) sex partner are increasing over time.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 PADA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA DI SMKN 1 TELUK KUANTAN
Authors: Murwindra Rosa , Yuhelman Nofri , Musdansi Dwi Putri
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada pembelajaran kimia di SMKN 1 Teluk Kuantan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan pengumpulan data digunakan purposive sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum implementasi kurikulum 2013 sudah dilaksanakan meskipun belum optimal karena adanya beberapa kendala yang akan terus diatasi agar implementasi kuriklum 2013 menjadi lebih baik.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CURRICULUM 2013 IN CHEMIST TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS AT SMK NEGERI 1 TELUK KUANTAN

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of curriculum 2013 in chemist teaching learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Teluk Kuantan. This research is kind of description qualitative research, to collect the data  this research using purposive sampling. In order to collect the data this research is using interview, observation, documentation, and questionnaire. Data analysis technique which used in this research are data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that generally curriculum 2013 already applied, even though it does not run well get because of  some problem which will be solved in order to improve the implementation of curriculum 2013.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STAD (STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Arimadona Siska
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) terhadap hasil belajar biologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experimental design dengan rancangan penelitian randomized control group posttest only design. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Kecamatan Payakumbuh. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil belajar biologi siswa aspek kognitif. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji kesamaan dua rata-rata (T-test). Hasil analisis diperoleh nilai  yang artinya Hipotesis (H1) diterima. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe STAD berpengaruh positif karena dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Biologi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Kecamatan Payakumbuh secara signifikan.

THE EFFECT OF STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD)TYPES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING TO BIOLOGY LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS

 ABSTRACT

 This study aims is to examined the effect of STAD types of Cooperative Learning to Biology’s learning achievements. This research used quasi experimental design with randomized control group design posttest only design. The subject of this research is the students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Payakumbuh. The data in this study is the data of students' learning achievements. The data were analyzed using two-equity test (T-test). The results of the analysis obtained value tcount = 2,00>1.43 = ttable which means Hypothesis (H1) accepted. Based on the results of the study, we can concluded that the implementation of STAD had positive effect to increase learning achivements significantly.
Cognitive impairments in patients with hematological malignancies prior and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation
Authors: Vybornykh D. E. , Fedorova S. Yu. , Khrushchev S. O. , Drokov M. Yu. , Gemdzhian E. G. , Kuzmina L. A. , Parovichnikova E. N.
Published: July 2019

The treatment of patients with hematological malignancies is often complicated by a number of negative side effects, which include mental disorders, among which cognitive impairment occupies a special place. Psychopathological, psychological, neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neurovisual methods were used to examine 46 patients with various hematological malignancies during periods prior to allo-HSCT, 1-3 months after allo-HSCT, and 6 months after transplantation. When statistical analysis of data was performed correlation and multivariate analyzes. Patients at each stage of the study identified cognitive impairment caused by a combination of risk factors — the presence of a hematological malignancy, the encephalotropic activity of chemotherapy drugs, and mental, neurological disorders. The characteristic and stable dynamics of CN in the post-transplantation period is traced — a sharp decline in cognitive functions in almost all indicators at once in the early post-transplant period with their gradual recovery by 6 months after allo-HSCT. The attitude of patients to cognitive deficiency also changes during the period of treatment: from anozognosic and hyponozognosic at the pre-transplantation stage to hypernosognostic at long-term periods after allo-HSCT.
The correlation of sociopsychological characteristics and self-stigmatization of patients with mental disorders (Result of original study)
Authors: Lutova N. B. , Makarevich O. V. , Novikova K. E.
Published: July 2019

The investigation studies the relationship between narcissistic self-regulation with the features and expression of self-stigmatization in patients with endogenous mental disorders. The study involved 131 people, including patients with schizophrenia — 66.8% and individuals with affective disorders — 33.2%. The survey was conducted by using the following methods: «Index of Self-system functioning» and questionnaire of self-stigmatization by Mikhailova-Yastrebov. Data on correlation of strength personality reducing with selfstigmatization, the specifics of Self-regulation structure in various inner stigma forms, and the absence of IFSS significant differences in patient’s groups with different nosological forms of mental disorders, disease’s duration and number of hospitalizations — were obtained. The specific personal characteristics underlying premorbid changes in the Self-regulation system that determine the vulnerability of patients to the formation of stigma are discussed.
Features of the emotional-personal sphere in children with mental retardment
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. A. , Sultanova A. N. , Sycheva T. Yu. , Vasilieva Yu. E. , Maksimenko P. A.
Published: July 2019

In article the detailed analysis of modern researches in the field of studying of emotional and personal characteristics of mentally retarded children is given. During the carried-out work features of the emotional and personal sphere of the children of younger school age with easy degree of intellectual backwardness who are brought up in families and being in boarding school conditions which are shown that mentally retarded children from families to a thicket are guided by motives of behavior as self-approving and social approved elections and have the increased uneasiness level are revealed; mentally retarded children from families are more disturbing. Authors focus attention on importance of carrying out psychoeducational programs as one of the most important components of system of rehabilitation of the families which are bringing up the mentally retarded child.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR NA TUTELA DE INTERESSES INDIVIDUAIS E COLETIVOS
Authors: Silvestrini João Pedro , Geraige Neto Zaiden , Ribeiro Franco Vilela Thiago
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo tem por objeto a análisesintética e a sistemática das disposições normativas doCódigo de Defesa do Consumidor, em sede de direitos individuais, tal como marco notório no reconhecimento das demandas coletivas, além de reflexões vindouras. A abordagem remanesce da nova forma de organização social, o consumo de produtos e serviços, elementar à subsistência da população. Essa realidade provoca o Estado a inferir nas relações de consumo, de maneira a garantir a isonomia entre os envolvidos. No caso brasileiro, a promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, de 1988, e da vigência do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, em 1990, instaurou um cenário benéfico aos consumidores, marcando o equilíbrio da relação perante os fornecedores, potencializando-se a visão social pretendida pelo legislador às relações de consumo, englobando um contingente maior de indivíduos na medida de seus interesses e relações de fato, inaugurando uma nova abordagem jurídica sobre os direitos coletivos
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENYULUHAN PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI PENENTU MASA DEPAN BANGSA DI DESA KERTA DEWA KECAMATAN RAWAS ULU KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS UTARA
Authors: S. Sarkowi , Susilo Agus , Irwansyah Yadri
Published: July 2019

Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penyuluhan pendidikan di Desa Kerta Dewa ini dilaksanakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra dari Pemerintahan Desa Kerta Dewa, yakni rendah motivasi masyarakat dalam mendukung anak-anak desa untuk melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut  dilaksanakan Pengabdian kepada Masyarkat (PkM) dengan metode penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pendidikan sebagai penentu masa depan bangsa pada masyarakat Desa Kerta Dewa. Dari keseluruhan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam bentuk penyuluhan pendidikan ini menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik, diantaranya: Pertama, peserta yang terdiri dari masyarakat Desa Kerta Dewa menyambut dengan positif dan antusias pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM ini. Kedua, bertambahnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan peserta tentang pentingnya pendidikan untuk anak-anak mereka, hal ini ditunjukkan dari pertanyaan dan tanggapan mereka pada sesi diskusi  dan tanya jawab bersama narasumber pada saat kegiatan berlangsung. Dan ketiga, besarnya harapan peserta agar intensitas penyuluhan atau kegiatan sejenisnya sering dilaksanakan di desa mereka.
TINGKAT DAYA KAPILARITAS JENIS SUMBU PADA HIDROPONIK SISTEM WICK TERHADAP TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum Annum L.)
Authors: Arini Wahyu
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) untuk mengetahui daya kapilaritas tiga jenis sumbu terhadap media tanam hidroponik sistem wick (2) ) untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan tanaman cabai merah menggunakan hidroponik sistem wick dengan jenis sumbu yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan media tanam hidroponik sistem wick (sumbu) dengan tiga jenis sumbu yang berbeda yaitu flanel, wol, dan katun untuk melihat pertumbuhan tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum Annum L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata daya kapilaritas flanel 4,3cm/menit, wol 3,7cm/menit, dan katun 2,8cm/menit, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa daya kapilaritas untuk jenis sumbu berbahan flanel dan wol lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jenis sumbu berbahan katun. Sedangkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman cabai dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada media tanam menggunakan jenis sumbu berbahan flanel dan wol lebih baik dibandingkan dengan media tanam yang menggunakan jenis sumbu berbahan katun.
Economic Growth in the Warmia and Mazury Voivodship Compared to Selected Countries and Regions of the European Union
Authors: Heller Janusz , Bogdański Marcin
Published: July 2019

The aim of the research was to evaluate the level and the dynamics of the economic growth of Warmia and Mazury voivodship compared to the rest of the country and the average economic performance of selected countries and regions of the European Union to determine if the Polish economic gap is decreasing. The obtained results could contribute to the discussion on the efficiency and reasonability of regional policy towards achieving economic cohesion. The analysis indicated that regions of the so-called "eastern wall" of Poland (including Warmia and Mazury voivodship) have a low rate of economic growth. This may suggest that the process of economic divergence has a permanent and objective nature.
Managing an Enterprise and Ethical Dilemmas in Accountancy
Authors: Wiśniewska Jolanta
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to present the correlation between management of an economic entity and the development of ethical accounting dilemmas in the era of high-risk business. In the globalisation era and recurring economic crises, realisation of the objectives of a company takes place under high risk conditions. It is therefore necessary to use a proper management system. The necessary condition for making all decisions is to have relevant information. The value and relevance of these decisions depend on the quality of information which they have been based on. Lack of ethics in accounting has a direct impact on the company's management, which is based on information generated by the accounting system of the company. Ethical dilemmas arising in accounting are also ethical dilemmas arising in the process of business management.
Spanish Employment Legislation Reforms in the Recent Crisis - Towards a New Model of the Industrial Relations System
Authors: Ortega Fernando Fita
Published: July 2019

The recent crisis and its consequences have induced major changes in Spanish employment legislation which may lead into what could be recognized as a new model of the industrial relations system. Since the early 90's, and as a reaction to globalization, the need of introducing measures for promoting adaptability and flexibility have had echoes in Spanish employment legislation. However, the crisis we are experiencing nowadays is having a greater impact upon the Spanish economy, and hence on employment regulations, than any other previous crisis. The legislature's reaction in order to reverse the situation is leading to a new model of the industrial relations system, since this is happening in the whole European Union, where the power of collective bargaining has been undermined, and with it the role of trade unions. This has had a huge impact on the essence of Spanish labour law (derecho del trabajo). These regulations seek to protect employees at their working places from the managerial power of the employer, but without forgetting the need of protecting the efficiency of the enterprise. In fact, after the new legislation following the political decisions of the Spanish Government, we are closer than ever to an Employment Law (derecho alempleo) where the protection is focused on the citizens' ability to work, protecting them in the labour market. The aim of this paper is to give a short description of the Spanish labour market's situation showing the most relevant data; to provide an analysis of the main measures introduced into Spanish employment legislation, and to draw some conclusions about where and why some decisions are made and what consequences they have for the industrial relations system.
Market of Equity Release Services in Poland
Authors: Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka Sylwia
Published: July 2019

The aim of the article is to outline the situation on the market of equity release in Poland. It focuses on solutions used by special institutions in a sales model, called mortgage funds, the basic activity of which assumes signing release plan contracts in exchange for life income, and points to the dangers connected with their functioning. It also focuses on projected solutions in a loan model of equity release. This issue is particularly important as the ageing process of our society and lowering level of pension benefits provided by the State are among the main factors determining the development of this market, which undoubtedly will take place in Poland, as in other countries.
Factors Determining the Purchasing Behaviours of Consumers in the Market of Daily Use Goods
Authors: Niedzielski Eugeniusz
Published: July 2019

The paper presents the results of studies concerning the purchasing behaviours in the market of fast-selling goods. Economic and demographic factors were the subject of the analysis. The results of studies showed, among others, that the behaviours of consumers are influenced mainly by the quality of products associated mainly with absence of defects, durability and brand as well as the product price. The studies also showed significant influence of the gender on purchasing behaviours of the consumers, as women are more willing to visit shops, they make spontaneous purchases more frequently, and they review the offer in detail while men go shopping rather out of the necessity to make a specific purchase.
Transformation of Employment Structures in Poland - Servitization of Economy
Authors: Kotlorz Dorota , Skórska Anna
Published: July 2019

Transformation of the Polish economy and the related process of reallocation of labour resources have been progressing since the beginning of the 1990s, but their growth is insufficient. The current level of development of the service sector does not constitute an adequate alternative to diminishing employment in the so-called declining heavy industries, which were dominant in the Polish economy for many years. Given that a more dynamic growth in the services sector can contribute to the labour market balancing alleviating the unemployment problem, not only by the absorption of people laid off from the restructuring industrial enterprises but also by providing new jobs for young people, it is necessary to increase consistently the share of modern section services in GDP and total employ-ment.Increasing employment and created added value in modern, knowledge-based services are consistent with the direction of changes observed in the developed countries.In Poland, the employment is steadily increasing in services related to real estate and businesses, financial and insurance services, particularly in IT services. The knowledge embodied in products and technologies and highly skilled labour resources determines the innovativeness of the economy, providing a source of growth and competitiveness. Therefore, the direction and pace of these changes are important.One of the possibilities of further service sector development in Poland is the offshoring of business services. The created BPO and KPO centres allow for the absorption of high-quality labour resources, including university graduates, whose numbers are increasing from year to year. This is even more important as in the long time span the sector development and created jobs will increasingly be based on the human factor and the skills possessed by employees rather than on lower labour costs compared with other locations.
Agricultural Tax - Condition and Prospects
Authors: Kisiel Roman , Idźkowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2019

During the recent years the issues of taxation on the family agricultural farms has been neglected frequently. Currently, with the discussions pending in Poland on the planned changes in that area, the issues of taxation imposed on agricultural farming requires a new approach. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the actual tax burden on farms in Poland and to investigate the impact of agricultural tax on the formation of revenue of local government. However, an important is to consult opinions of the farmers about the individual tax burden farming structures as well as the entire system of taxation. It is important also to propose changes in the tax applied to the Polish agriculture. Suggested by farmers alternatives in the taxation of individual farms can be used as an attempt to adjust the tax system in our country, to the solutions applied in EU member states. The paper presents the analysis of the taxation on family agricultural farms in Poland with particular focus on the agricultural tax. For the purpose of evaluating the actual burdens to the farms resulting from that title and the analysis of the volume of tax revenues to the budgets of selected communes in 2010, the method of secondary analysis of statistical data originating from the commune administration offices situated in the area of Mazowieckie voivodship was applied. It was analyzed the budgetary resolutions and reports on their implementation in the surveyed municipalities. The authors conducted the study using a questionnaire interview. The studies encompassing 200 family agricultural farms aimed at obtaining the opinions from farmers concerning the taxation system in Poland and possibilities of introducing changes proposed by the State.
Optimal Land Use Analysis Using Lindenmayer Grammars
Authors: Żukowska Urszula , Kalewska Grażyna
Published: July 2019

In today's world, when it is so important to use every piece of land for a particular purpose, both economically and ecologically, identifying optimal land use is a key issue. For this reason, an analysis of the optimal land use in a section of the city of Olsztyn, using the L-system Urban Development computer program, was chosen as the aim of this paper. The program uses the theories of L-systems and the cartographic method to obtain results in the form of sequences of productions or maps. For this reason, the first chapters outline both theories, i.e. the cartographic method to identify optimal land use and Lindenmayer grammars (called L-systems). An analysis based on a fragment of the map of Olsztyn was then carried out. Two functions were selected for the analysis: agricultural and forest-industrial. The results are presented as maps and sequences in individual steps.
Assessment of Poland's Economic Policy During te Crisis
Authors: Krajewski Stefan
Published: July 2019

The rapid weakening of economic activity, covering most states in the world, gives rise to a lively discussion on the choice of methods to tackle the crisis, the legitimacy and effectiveness of various economic policies, the role of the state and the scope of its intervention in the economy. The paper evaluates the Polish economic policy in recent years. This refers to the situation prevailing in the EU and the USA. I conclude that the Polish economy during the crisis remained relatively stable, without having to provide the emergency aid from the outside. The development of such a situation has been affected by different reasons, including: - The benefits of the so-called "backwardness rent", which resulted, among others, in the inflow of EU funds (Poland was in 2007-2013 and in will be in 2014-2020 the biggest beneficiary of the EU budget); - The effects of decisions on changes in the tax and social security, taken for political reasons (before the crisis); - The controversial withdrawal from the funded pension system, reducing the budget deficit and public debt; - The prudent monetary policy and anti-inflation policy pursued over many years. Actions taken in Poland are primarily focused on reducing costs, which differs quite significantly from the economic policy dominant in the U.S. and the "old" EU countries which generally pursue expansionary fiscal policy and a policy of cheap money. Polish solution facilitates the achievement of short-term fiscal sustainability, but does not create favorable conditions for the development in the long-term (insufficient investment, petrification of economic structure, lack of innovation).
Characteristics and Perspectives of Highly Skilled Graduates in the Italian Labour Market
Authors: Losurdo Francesco , Dileo Ivano , Pereiro Tha`ıs Garcia
Published: July 2019

The central aim of this paper is to examine the relationships and implications of the education-employment nexus for recent university graduates in Italy by analysing the main elements that influence college graduates' employment probabilities three years after graduation. In addition, it provides a comparison among Italian macro-areas regarding graduates' region of residence in 2010. In this sample, continuous work experience during undergraduate studies, further postgraduate studies, older graduation ages and being married or divorced are characteristics that increase the probability of being employed compared to being unemployed three years after graduation. We used micro-data from a nation-wide survey carried out by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2011 on a representative sample of 33,696 graduates belonging to the 2007 cohort. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences in graduates' employment among Italian macro-areas. Graduates who were employed in the South in 2010 have shown a strong marked profile that is unfavorable to women and is distinguished by the oldest ages of graduates at the time of graduation and in post-graduation pursuits.
Macroeconomic Conditions Determining the Level and the Rate of Changes of Wages and Salaries in Poland in 2007-2012
Authors: Kwiatkowska Walentyna
Published: July 2019

This study characterized and evaluated the level and rate of change in wages and salaries in Poland in 2007-2012 and analysed the main macroeconomic determinants of their development. The analysis present changes to average wage, minimal wage and fair wage. Their level and rate of change are determined by macroeconomic factors, particularly economic growth processes, changes in productivity of labour, inflation rate and the situation on the labour market. A quite strong correlation can be observed between the rate of changes of the real GDP and the development of average nominal wages. Inflation processes affect the growth of nominal wages but they lead to a decrease in real wages. The growth of the unemployment rate affected the reduction of the growth rate of nominal wages.
Is the Minimum Wage Detrimental to the Economy?
Authors: Krajewska Anna , Krajewski Stefan
Published: July 2019

The minimum wage in Poland is relatively low. It amounts only 1,600 PLN in 2013. Therefore, it is no surprise that the trade unions have been making efforts to have it raised to the level of 50% of the average salary. However, this has been met with staunch resistance from employers. The liberal model of the economy, which dominates in Poland, favours employers. Moreover, the attitude of the government, politicians, the media, as well as many scientists towards this is not favourable. These are the objections usually raised against the increase of minimum wage: - raising the minimum wage entails unemployment growth; - an increase in the minimum wage entails an increase in the average pay, with a consequent increase in the inflation rate; - the amount of the minimum wage and its growth rate is frequently the basis for an index-linked pay increase in the budget institutions and some social benefits, which results in an increase in fixed budget spending, which is not justified economically; - the minimum wage level, regarded by employers as too high, results in the practice of paying workers outside the official payroll, thereby extending the grey area; - an increase in the minimum wage is a threat to businesses, especially to micro-enterprises, which operate on the brink of insolvency and may face bankruptcy; - an increase in the minimum wage raises the cost of labour and makes businesses less competitive. This paper, in its later part, provides arguments against the allegations. There is a one-sided view of the issue of the minimum wage in Poland. Wages are regarded exclusively as an element of the cost of labour and, as such, they should not increase as this is detrimental to entrepreneurs and to the economy. Such analyses disregard the social and economic (in a broad context) aspects of having a minimum wage.
Modern Methods and Instruments for Managing Longevity Risk in Pension Plans
Authors: Szczepański Marek
Published: July 2019

Extending the average life span in every next generation is a positive phenomenon - the result of the progress of civilization in the area of working conditions, the level of medical care, etc. However, this process also entails certain risks. Such a threat which can be accurately predicted and calculated and thus also recognized in terms of risk (which can be managed by people) is the longevity risk, or in other words the risk of a longer than expected life expectancy. It applies both to individuals as well as whole generations (demographic cohorts). The longevity risk threatens public pension systems as well as complementary and supplementary systems (individual and company run) as long as they guarantee payment of benefits for life. The cognitive aim of this article is to present the theoretical and practical case studies of selected methods and longevity risk management instruments as well as an attempt to evaluate their effectiveness. The author attempts to address a question whether the use of certain instruments to manage longevity risk would not trigger yet another type of risk - the so-called counterparty risk. It poses threat to each party of a contract that the counterparty will not live up to its contractual obligations.
Long-Term Unemployment in Poland in 2008-2012 - Tendencies, Structure and Selected Determinants
Authors: Kucharski Leszek
Published: July 2019

This study presents the structure and tendencies in long-term unemployment in Poland in the years 2008-2012. This study identifies the groups of people with an increased risk of long-term unemployment. The analyses produced the following conclusions. The groups with the highest risk of long-term unemployment include: singles, people aged of 55 and above and people with a low level of education. Young people with university and general secondary education faced the lowest risk of long-term unemployment.
Introduction of the Single Currency and Inflation - the Case of Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Heller Janusz , Warżała Rafał , Kotliński Kamil
Published: July 2019

The study of price increases in five countries (Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) aimed to assess the introduction of the single currency (euro) on the rate of HICP inflation in two short-term perspectives: after the first month and after the first year of the introduction of the euro in these countries. The following hypothesis was put forward: prices after the introduction of the euro are contained in the inflation target, that is, there can be no substantial increase, and contrasting views on the issue are only an effect of illusion, that is, the difference between actual and perceived inflation level. The research was carried out using the comparative method. They show that the inflation effect in the euro-adopting countries was clearly convergent with the level of price growth recorded at the same time in other European Union countries, including those already with a single currency. The result is that the reasons for excessive price growth in the short-term perspective should not be sought in connection with the introduction of the euro, but rather explained by e.g. the convergence of business cycles with these euro area countries in which HICP inflation target exceedance was recorded at the same time. There can be also any other conditions that affect price growth in all European countries, regardless of whether they belong to euro area or have its national currencies.
The food expenditure in Poland and other European Union countries – a comparative analysis
Authors: Maciejewski Grzegorz
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present the results and conclusions of a comparative analysis of Poland and other European Union countries regarding the level of food expenditure, the share of food expenditure in the structure of total expenditure and the direction of changes in these areas that took place in the years 2006-2016.

The conducted analysis employed the desk research method using logical inference methods, based on Eurostat data and academic literature. For a more detailed analysis of the research findings, a cluster analysis was carried out using one of the hierarchical methods – the Ward’s method.

The obtained results of the analyses permitted the conclusion that disproportionate food consumption in the household sector between individual countries should still be considered as large – although the differentiation clearly decreased in the analysed period. The less developed countries from Central and Eastern Europe are still far from adopting the service consumption model that would allow for a more complete satisfaction of higher-ranking needs.