bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobility Parameter and Sand Grain Size Effect on Sediment Transport Over Vortex Ripples in the Orbital Regime
Authors: Dimas Athanassios A. , Leftheriotis Georgios A.
Published: December 2018

The objective of this numerical study is the assessment of the effect of the mobility parameter ψ and the ratio ao/Dg (ao is the orbital amplitude and Dg is the sand grain diameter) on sediment transport induced by oscillatory flow over orbital vortex ripples. A large eddy simulation model was employed for the coupled simulation of the three‐dimensional turbulent oscillatory flow and the corresponding bed and suspended sediment transport. The immersed boundary method was implemented for the imposition of fluid flow and suspended sediment transport boundary conditions on the bed surface. Results are presented for oscillatory flow over fixed ripples with dimensions based on three values of ψ and for three cases of ao/Dg that span the range of typical values for vortex ripples in the orbital regime. It was found that the net bed load (nondimensional), qb, was always in the onshore direction and its magnitude decreased with increasing ao/Dg, while the effect of ψ on qb was stronger for ψ < 50 than for ψ > 50. On the other hand, the net suspended load (nondimensional), qs, was always in the offshore direction, and its magnitude increased with increasing ψ and increasing ao/Dg. The relative contribution of bed load versus suspended load on the total sediment load was found to depend on both ψ and ao/Dg, and the distinction between bed and suspended load dominance was quantified with a single parameter based on the ratio of the free‐stream velocity to the sand grain settling velocity.
Estrogen modulates serotonin effects on vasoconstriction through Src inhibition
Authors: Kim Jae Gon , Leem Young-Eun , Kwon Ilmin , Kang Jong-Sun , Bae Young Min , Cho Hana
Published: December 2018

Estrogen has diverse effects on cardiovascular function, including regulation of the contractile response to vasoactive substances such as serotonin. The serotonin system recently emerged as an important player in the regulation of vascular tone in humans. However, hyperreactivity to serotonin appears to be a critical factor for the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this study, we examined the modulatory mechanisms of estrogen in serotonin-induced vasoconstriction by using a combinatory approach of isometric tension measurements, molecular biology, and patch-clamp techniques. 17β-Estradiol (E2) elicited a significant and concentration-dependent relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction in deendothelialized aortic strips isolated from male rats. E2 triggered a relaxation of serotonin-induced contraction even in the presence of tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, suggesting that E2-induced changes are not mediated by estrogen receptor. Patch-clamp studies in rat arterial myocytes showed that E2 prevented Kv channel inhibition induced by serotonin. Serotonin increased Src activation in arterial smooth muscle required for contraction, which was significantly inhibited by E2. The estrogen receptor-independent inhibition of Src by E2 was confirmed in HEK293T cells that do not express estrogen receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that estrogen exerts vasodilatory effects on serotonin-precontracted arteries via Src, implying a critical role for estrogen in the prevention of vascular hyperreactivity to serotonin.
Large scale hybrid Monte Carlo simulations for structure and property prediction
Authors: Prokhorenko Sergei , Kalke Kruz , Nahas Yousra , Bellaiche Laurent
Published: December 2018

The Monte Carlo method is one of the first and most widely used algorithms in modern computational physics. In condensed matter physics, the particularly popular flavor of this technique is the Metropolis Monte Carlo scheme. While being incredibly robust and easy to implement, the Metropolis sampling is not well-suited for situations where energy and force evaluations are computationally demanding. In search for a more efficient technique, we here explore the performance of Hybrid Monte Carlo sampling, an algorithm widely used in quantum electrodynamics, as a structure prediction scheme for systems with long-range interactions. Our results show that the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm stands out as an excellent computational scheme that can not only significantly outperform the Metropolis sampling but also complement molecular dynamics in materials science applications, while allowing ultra-large-scale simulations of systems containing millions of particles.
Reversible conductivity recovery of highly sensitive flexible devices by water vapor
Authors: Wang Yuting , Su Yingchun , Wang Zegao , Zhang Zhongyang , Han Xiaojun , Dong Mingdong , Cui Lifeng , Chen Menglin
Published: December 2018

With decreasing size of integrated circuits in wearable electronic devices, the circuit is more susceptible to aging or fracture problem, subsequently decreasing the transmission efficiency of electricity. Micro-healing represents a good approach to solve this problem. Herein, we report a water vapor method to repair microfiber-based electrodes by precise positioning and rapid healing at their original fracture sites. To realize this micro-level conducting healing, we utilize a bimaterial composed of polymeric microfibers as healing agents and electrically conductive species on its surface. This composite electrode shows a high-performance conductivity, great transparency, and ultra-flexibility. The transmittance of our electrode could reach up to 88 and 90% with a sheet resistance of 1 and 2.8 Ω sq−1, respectively, which might be the best performance among Au-based materials as we know. Moreover, after tensile failure, water vapor is introduced to mediate heat transfer for the healing process, and within seconds the network electrode could be healed along with recovering of its resistance. The recovering process could be attributed to the combination of adhesion force and capillary force at this bimaterial interface. Finally, this functional network is fabricated as a wearable pressure/ strain sensing device. It shows excellent stretchability and mechanical durability upon 1000 cycles.
Skeletal muscle stem cells in comfort and stress
Authors: Evano Brendan , Tajbakhsh Shahragim
Published: December 2018

Investigations on developmental and regenerative myogenesis have led to major advances in decrypting stem cell properties and potential, as well as their interactions within the evolving niche. As a consequence, regenerative myogenesis has provided a forum to investigate intrinsic regulators of stem cell properties as well as extrinsic factors, including stromal cells, during normal growth and following injury and disease. Here we review some of the latest advances in the field that have exposed fundamental processes including regulation of stress following trauma and ageing, senescence, DNA damage control and modes of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Recent studies have begun to explore the nature of the niche that is distinct in different muscle groups, and that is altered from prenatal to postnatal stages, and during ageing. We also discuss heterogeneities among muscle stem cells and how distinct properties within the quiescent and proliferating cell states might impact on homoeostasis and regeneration. Interestingly, cellular quiescence, which was thought to be a passive cell state, is regulated by multiple mechanisms, many of which are deregulated in various contexts including ageing. These and other factors including metabolic activity and genetic background can impact on the efficiency of muscle regeneration.
Homeogene emx1 is required for nephron distal segment development in zebrafish
Authors: Morales Elvin E. , Handa Nicole , Drummond Bridgette E. , Chambers Joseph M. , Marra Amanda N. , Addiego Amanda , Wingert Rebecca A.
Published: December 2018

Vertebrate kidneys contain nephron functional units where specialized epithelial cell types are organized into segments with discrete physiological roles. Many gaps remain in our understanding of how segment regions develop. Here, we report that the transcription factor empty spiracles homeobox gene 1 (emx1) is a novel nephron segment regulator during embryonic kidney development in zebrafish. emx1 loss of function altered the domains of distal segments without changes in cell turnover or traits like size and morphology, indicating that emx1 directs distal segment fates during nephrogenesis. In exploring how emx1 influences nephron patterning, we found that retinoic acid (RA), a morphogen that induces proximal and represses distal segments, negatively regulates emx1 expression. Next, through a series of genetic studies, we found that emx1 acts downstream of a cascade involving mecom and tbx2b, which encode essential distal segment transcription factors. Finally, we determined that emx1 regulates the expression domains of irx3b and irx1a to control distal segmentation, and sim1a to control corpuscle of Stannius formation. Taken together, our work reveals for the first time that emx1 is a key component of the pronephros segmentation network, which has implications for understanding the genetic regulatory cascades that orchestrate vertebrate nephron patterning.
Highly sensitive ammonia sensor for diagnostic purpose using reduced graphene oxide and conductive polymer
Authors: Ly Tan Nhiem , Park Sangkwon
Published: December 2018

In this study, we fabricate ammonia sensors based on hybrid thin films of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and conducting polymers using the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique. The RGO is first prepared using hydrazine (Hy) and/or pyrrole (Py) as the reducing agents, and the resulting pyrrole-reduced RGO (Py-RGO) is then hybridized with polyaniline (PANI) and/or polypyrrole (PPy) by in-situ polymerization. The four different thin films of Hy-RGO, Py-RGO, Py-RGO/PANI, and Py-RGO/PPy are deposited on interdigitated microelectrodes by the LS techniques, and their structures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of ammonia sensing experiments indicate that the Py-RGO/PANI film exhibits the highest sensor response of these four films, and that it exhibits high reproducibility, high linearity of concentration dependency, and a very low detection limit (0.2 ppm) both in N2 and exhaled air environments. The current gas sensor, therefore, has potential for diagnostic purposes because it has the additional advantages of facile fabrication, ease of use at room temperature, and portability compared to conventional high-sensitivity ammonia sensors.
Global analysis of tRNA and translation factor expression reveals a dynamic landscape of translational regulation in human cancers
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Ye Youqiong , Gong Jing , Ruan Hang , Liu Chun-Jie , Xiang Yu , Cai Chunyan , Guo An-Yuan , Ling Jiqiang , Diao Lixia , Weinstein John N. , Han Leng
Published: December 2018

The protein translational system, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and several categories of enzymes, plays a key role in regulating cell proliferation. Translation dysregulation also contributes to cancer development, though relatively little is known about the changes that occur to the translational system in cancer. Here, we present global analyses of tRNAs and three categories of enzymes involved in translational regulation in ~10,000 cancer patients across 31 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By analyzing the expression levels of tRNAs at the gene, codon, and amino acid levels, we identified unequal alterations in tRNA expression, likely due to the uneven distribution of tRNAs decoding different codons. We find that overexpression of tRNAs recognizing codons with a low observed-over-expected ratio may overcome the translational bottleneck in tumorigenesis. We further observed overall overexpression and amplification of tRNA modification enzymes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and translation factors, which may play synergistic roles with overexpression of tRNAs to activate the translational systems across multiple cancer types.
Glyoxalase activity in human erythrocytes and mouse lymphoma, liver and brain probed with hyperpolarized 13C-methylglyoxal
Authors: Shishmarev Dmitry , Kuchel Philip W. , Pagès Guilhem , Wright Alan J. , Hesketh Richard L. , Kreis Felix , Brindle Kevin M.
Published: December 2018

Methylglyoxal is a faulty metabolite. It is a ubiquitous by-product of glucose and amino acid metabolism that spontaneously reacts with proximal amino groups in proteins and nucleic acids, leading to impairment of their function. The glyoxalase pathway evolved early in phylogeny to bring about rapid catabolism of methylglyoxal, and an understanding of the role of methylglyoxal and the glyoxalases in many diseases is beginning to emerge. Metabolic processing of methylglyoxal is very rapid in vivo and thus notoriously difficult to detect and quantify. Here we show that 13C nuclei in labeled methylglyoxal can be hyperpolarized using dynamic nuclear polarization, providing 13C nuclear magnetic resonance signal enhancements in the solution state close to 5,000-fold. We demonstrate the applications of this probe of metabolism for kinetic characterization of the glyoxalase system in isolated cells as well as mouse brain, liver and lymphoma in vivo.
Combined effects of dissolved organic matter, pH, ionic strength and halides on photodegradation of oxytetracycline in simulated estuarine waters
Authors: Zhang Ya-nan , Zhao Jianchen , Zhou Yangjian , Qu Jiao , Chen Jingwen , Li Chao , Qin Weichao , Zhao Yahui , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M.
Published: December 2018

Combined effects of pH, DOM, ionic strength, and specific halides on the photodegradation of representative antibiotics in estuarine waters were revealed.
Transferable coarse-grained MARTINI model for methacrylate-based copolymers
Authors: Campos-Villalobos Gerardo , Siperstein Flor R. , Patti Alessandro
Published: December 2018

Monolayers of PEO15-b-PBMA5 containing 400 coarse-grained chains at the interface between water and air.
Highly selective C–H bond activation of N-arylbenzimidamide and divergent couplings with diazophosphonate compounds: a catalyst-controlled selective synthetic strategy for 3-phosphorylindoles and 4-phosphorylisoquinolines
Authors: Yang Qiaolan , Wu Chenglin , Zhou Jianhui , He Guoxue , Liu Hong , Zhou Yu
Published: December 2018

A highly efficient synthetic strategy to construct 3-phosphorylindole and 4-phosphorylisoquinoline was achieved.
Progress towards the synthesis of aconitine: construction of the AE fragment and attempts to access the pentacyclic core
Authors: Zhou Rui-Jie , Dai Gui-Ying , Zhou Xiao-Han , Zhang Min-Jie , Wu Ping-Zhou , Zhang Dan , Song Hao , Liu Xiao-Yu , Qin Yong
Published: December 2018

We reported the first successful preparation of fully functionalized aconitine AE fragment and attempts to access the pentacyclic skeleton of aconitine via radical cascade.
Binary black hole growth by gas accretion in stellar clusters
Authors: Roupas Zacharias , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: December 2018

We show that binaries of stellar-mass black holes formed inside a young protoglobular cluster, can grow rapidly inside the cluster’s core by accretion of the intracluster gas, before the gas may be depleted from the core. A black hole with mass of the order of eight solar masses can grow to values of the order of thirty five solar masses in accordance with recent gravitational waves signals observed by LIGO. Due to the black hole mass increase, a binary may also harden. The growth of binary black holes in a dense protoglobular cluster through mass accretion indicates a potentially important formation and hardening channel.
Collaborative Task Assignment for Multi-UAV with Sequence and Time Constrains
Authors: Zhang Yaozhong , Chen Lan , Shi Guoqing , Guo Cao
Published: December 2018

In this paper, based on task sequence and time constraint in the SEAD mission of multi-UAV, a heterogeneous multi-UAV cooperative task assignment mathematical model is established. We put forward a hybrid algorithm GSA-GA(gravity search algorithm-genetic algorithm) to resolve cooperative task assignment. The algorithm combines gravity search algorithm and genetic algorithm, improves the coding and decoding methods in updating the position. The simulation result shows that the GSA-GA has rapid convergence rate in solving the cooperative task assignment compared with the classic DPSO algorithm, and has the better resolution.
Exploring Physical Frame Format Design and Synchronization Algorithm for Optical Communication
Authors: Yao Rugui , Jiang Pengfei , Ma Jun , Pan Shizhou
Published: December 2018

Space optical communication has been a hot topic in modern communication system research, because it has many advantages, such as good secrecy, large information capacity, strong anti-interference ability, and so on. Pulse position modulation (PPM) is an excellent modulation method. In view of the low rate of information transmission by a space optical communication system, an improved "empty-empty-zero" physical frame format is designed to improve its transmission rate. In view of the actual space laser digital receiver, the frame synchronization algorithm is designed in this paper. Based on the physical frame format, this paper focuses on the design of frame synchronization algorithm. In order to deal with the change of noise and other parameters, an adaptive threshold setting is proposed. Considering the engineering implementation, a simplified correlation filtering implementation method is proposed. Finally, we designed the reception prototype system based on FPGA. The Matlab simulation, online simulation and experimental verification prove that the proposed method is correct and reliable.
Engineering Bi-Connected Component Overlay for Maximum-Flow Parallel Acceleration in Large Sparse Graph
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Wei , Xu Heyang
Published: December 2018

Network maximum flow problem is important and basic in graph theory, and one of its research directions is maximum-flow acceleration in large-scale graph. Existing acceleration strategy includes graph contraction and parallel computation, where there is still room for improvement:(1) The existing two acceleration strategies are not fully integrated, leading to their limited acceleration effect; (2) There is no sufficient support for computing multiple maximum-flow in one graph, leading to a lot of redundant computation. (3)The existing preprocessing methods need to consider node degrees and capacity constraints, resulting in high computational complexity. To address above problems, we identify the bi-connected components in a given graph and build an overlay, which can help split the maximum-flow problem into several subproblems and then solve them in parallel. The algorithm only uses the connectivity in the graph and has low complexity. The analyses and experiments on benchmark graphs indicate that the method can significantly shorten the calculation time in large sparse graphs.
Effects of Plasma Actuator Discharge on Lift-Enhancement and Flow Patterns of Flying Wing Aircraft
Authors: Yao Junkai , He Haibo , Zhou Danjie , Shi Zhiwei , Du Hai
Published: December 2018

The nanosecond pulsed plasma discharge actuator is used on a flying wing aircraft. At the angles of attack rang from -4° to 28°, the impact of plasma actuator arrangement position and discharge frequency on lift-enhancement effect is tested. Oil flow visualization is used to investigate the surface flow pattern varies with angles of attack for the plasma actuator turned on and off. The result indicates that lift-enhancement can be achieved through the actuator discharges at large angles of attack on flying wing aircraft. The arrangement position and discharge frequency both have a significant impact on lift-enhancement effect. The actuator which arranged at the leading edge of the aircraft could get the best lift-enhancement effect. There exists an optimal discharge frequency, flow separation under this frequency can be effectively suppressed, which results the best lift-enhancement effect. The flow visualization test shows that the control mechanisms of the plasma actuator are to inject energy to the shear layer, thus increased the vortex strength. The vortices strengthen the mixing of the outer high-speed fluid with inner low-speed fluid, which effectively restrains the separation.
The oral surgeon in the front-line of the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma: a case report
Authors: Saleh Myriam , Loison-Robert Ludwig , Guillerminet Véronique , Larras Patrick , Berquet Alexandre , Ahossi Victorin
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Ewing's sarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor that affects children and young adults. In rare cases, it affects the bones of the face. The diagnosis is difficult because signs are non-specific. Positive diagnosis is based on a cytogenetic examination showing a specific translocation of the EWS gene. Treatment involves a sequence including chemotherapy, oncological surgery and radiotherapy. Observation: The case presented is that of a 4-year old girl initially sent for suspicion of dental cellulitis. On clinical examination, she had recent mandibular dental mobility and a gingival mucosa swelling. Signs of bone lysis interesting the mandibular symphysis was observed on the orthopantomogram. She had no pain or symptoms indicating neoplasia. This atypical situation led to a bone biopsy who revealed the diagnostic of mandibular Ewing's sarcoma. A suitable medical care in a specialized unit was able to be started without delay. Discussion: The literature reports other cases also wrongly diagnosed as an infectious pathology of dental origin. Conclusion: This case shows that the diagnosis of mandibular Ewing's sarcoma must be evoked in front of any atypical mandibular lesion of the child, regardless of his age or sex. Physicians and dental surgeons specialized in oral surgery are then in the foreground to help establish early diagnosis and ensure rapid management by limiting the functional and aesthetic sequelae related to localization.
Labial vitiligo associated with a factice disorder: a case report
Authors: Fricain Margaux , Weidmann Pierre , Roche Yvon , Fricain Jean Christophe
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Vitiligo is a non-contagious leukoderma. The loss of melanocytes result in a local hypopigmentation like white symmetrical plaques with sharp edges, most of the time surrounded by hyperpigmentation. It might be an auto immune disease with a genetic predisposition linked to psychological disorders. Oral mucosa vitiligo has rarely been described in the literature. Observation: A seventeen years old patient, native from North Africa, has consulted for a half left upper lip depigmentation appeared in October 2016. The dermatologist had made the diagnosis of vitiligo and prescribed vitamin C and folic acid, without any result. In July 2017, as the lesion has extended to the whole upper lip, the patient came to oral mucosa pathology consultation. Anamnesis revealed a chronic lips chewing. Clinical examination revealed a linear vermillion border depigmentation of the upper lip associated with peripheral pigment enhancement, as well as digital cutaneous involvement. The prescribed treatment was: tacrolimus 0.1% twice daily in local application, stopping practice disorder and sun protection. Comment: Diagnosis of vitiligo is based on clinical examination that can differentiate a segmental vitiligo (localized on at least one dermatomes) of a non-segmental vitiligo (acrofacial, generalized, universalis). Vitiligo of the oral mucosa is rare. It has mainly been described in India. Oral mucosa involvement would affect 55% of patient and the lip would be affected in almost one in two cases in this population. Conclusion: Oral mucosa vitiligo must be known by oral surgeon who has to master the diagnosis and treatments in association with dermatologist, given the concomitant skin involvement that is almost mandatory.
Rare agressive form of giant-cell granuloma: a three years follow-up case report and discussion about medical therapeutic solutions
Authors: Huguet Grégoire , Piot Benoît , Cassagnau Elisabeth , Simon Jean-François , Lesclous Philippe
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare and benign intraosseous lesion that usually occurs in the mandible and the maxilla. It might be aggressive. Nowadays, several treatments exist. Observation: This case report, with a three years follow-up, was about an aggressive and recurring form of CGCG exclusively managed by surgical approach. Comments: Several pharmacologic approaches are possible (intralesional injections of glucocorticoids, administration of calcitonin, alpha-2a interferon, denosumab) and could be an interesting alternative or complement to the surgical management when CGCG is aggressive, recurring, or non resectable. Conclusion: Surgical approach is the gold standard for the treatment of CGCG but sometimes, pharmacologic approaches could be proposed. According to the scientific literature, denosumab appears as a reliable and effective treatment but more prospective studies are needed.
Indikationen und essenzielle Techniken zur prähospitalen Immobilisation der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Weißleder Anne , Hossfeld Björn , Treffer Dominik
Published: December 2018

Verletzungen von Wirbelsäule und Rückenmark treten gehäuft bei polytraumatisierten Patienten auf. Da die Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik prähospital deutlich eingeschränkt sind, müssen derartige Verletzungsmuster durch den Notfallmediziner antizipiert werden. Dieser Artikel stellt wesentliche Befunde im Kontext der Wirbelsäulenverletzung dar und nennt Indikationen und Limitationen sowie etablierte Techniken zur prähospitalen Immobilisation der Wirbelsäule.
Assessment of Exercise Capacity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Cooper Running Test
Authors: Michalak Arkadiusz , Gawrecki Andrzej , Gałczyński Szymon , Nowaczyk Jędrzej , Mianowska Beata , Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz Dorota , Szadkowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2018

Regular physical activity increases lifespan for those with type 1 diabetes. However, disease-related barriers may deter children from exercise and affect their fitness. This study examined the safety of the Cooper test concerning diabetes-related acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes and their fitness. Blood glucose was recorded before and 0, 30, 60 min after the test. The covered distances were transformed to z-scores based on the national charts. Body mass index, body fat percentage and glycated hemoglobin were measured. The run was completed by 80 individuals (45% boys, age 13.6±2.1 years; diabetes duration 6.3±3.5 years). During the follow-up 11 children reached glucose alert values (3–3.9 mmol/L), 3 presented clinically significant hypoglycemia (<3 mmol/L), none experienced severe hypoglycemia. The covered distance was 1914±298 m, not significantly different from the reference population (z-score −0.12±0.71 vs 0, p=0.12). The study participants were more overweight than general pediatric population in terms of body mass index (z-score 0.48±0.94 vs 0, p<0.001) and body fat percentage (z-score: 0.37±0.85 vs 0, p<0.001). In conclusion, the Cooper test can be safely used in children with diabetes to assess their physical capacity. Youth with type 1 diabetes present fitness similar to healthy children but exhibit increased body mass index and adiposity.
Social and Clinical Impact of Congenital Urological Malformations in a Developing Country: The Need for a Transdisciplinary Way of Treatment
Authors: Fernández Nicolás , Puerto Niño Angie , Arreaza Kaufman Dan Jaim , Gracia Gloria , Ibañez Lina , Acevedo Carolina , Zarante Ignacio
Published: December 2018

Introduction The prognosis of congenital anomalies (CAs) can be improved if detected and treated accurately. Given the complexity of some anomalies, it is almost always necessary to approach them with an interdisciplinary team. Our objective was to contact patients with congenital urological anomalies (CUAs) and follow them up during their first years of life and evaluate their clinical status, as well as their social and health care limitations.

Method Based on the Bogota Congenital Malformations Surveillance Program (BCMSP), we have contacted by phone all the patients with CUAs and evaluated their follow-up. We have included all the registered patients from 2006 until 2015. A standardized questionnaire was applied by a trained staff. The questions assessed on each call included: evaluation of the clinical status of the patient, the clinical treatments and evaluations performed by clinical and surgical subspecialties, health care limitations, and social barriers. The first call was made at the 2nd month, then every 3 months during the 1st year and every 6 months thereafter.

Results A total of 277 patients were contacted, 97.3% of whom have an increased risk of mortality or significant disability. The malformation related mortality was of 38.1%. Only 38.7% of the patients were evaluated by a specialist, while 57.4% where still waiting to be seen by a specialist. Ninety eight percent of the limitations related to the health care system were the long waiting lists to be seen by a specialist.

Conclusion Many of the pathologies that we have found belong to the group that has a significant reduction in mortality when treated accurately and promptly. However, we have a profound problem in our health care system, in that many of the patients have not been seen by a specialist, which results in a worse prognosis and recovery rate.
Positive streamer corona, single filament, transient glow, dc glow, spark, and their transitions in atmospheric air
Authors: Wu Shuqun , Cheng Wenxin , Huang Guowang , Wu Fei , Liu Chang , Liu Xueyuan , Zhang Chaohai , Lu Xinpei
Published: December 2018

By using a ballast resistor having resistance of 10 MΩ, varying the gap distance from 23 mm to 0 mm and using a fixed dc voltage at 14 kV, the streamer corona, single filament, transient glow, dc glow, and spark modes and their transitions are demonstrated in positive needle-to-plate air discharge at atmospheric pressure. The electrical characteristics, the rotational temperature, and vibrational temperature of N2, as well as the temporal behavior of streamer propagation in these discharge modes, are investigated. First, to the best of our knowledge, the transient glow mode between the single filament mode and the dc glow mode, operated in a stable repetitive fashion, is reported for the first time in positive dc air discharges. The pulse repetition frequency ranges from 7.5 to 15 kHz. The current density and the rotational temperature are in the range of 27–105 A/mm2 and 600–850 K, respectively. Its temporal behavior reveals that after the primary streamer arrives at the cathode, the secondary streamer initiates within several nanoseconds near the anode and then propagates at a high speed of 105–106 m/s. There is no transition to spark even after the secondary streamer arrives at the cathode. Second, the transition from single filament to transient glow is characterized by the sudden decrease in the pulse repetition frequency and the abrupt increase in the current amplitude, the pulse width, and the gas temperature. Third, the transition from transient glow to dc glow is identified visibly by the formation of typical glow structure (positive column, Faraday dark space, and negative glow), which is accompanied by the transition of the discharge current from nanosecond pulse to dc. In addition, both the ballast resistor and the stray capacitor exert significant influence on the transition of discharge modes.
Symmetries and Reductions on the noncommutative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies
Authors: Li Chuanzhong
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we construct the additional flows of the noncommutative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy and the additional symmetry flows constitute an infinite dimensional Lie algebra W1+∞. In addition, the generating function of the additional symmetries can also be proved to have a nice form in terms of wave functions and this generating symmetry is used to construct the noncommutative KP hierarchy with self-consistent sources and the constrained noncommutative KP hierarchy. The above results will be further generalized to the noncommutative Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies which contain many interesting noncommutative integrable systems such as the noncommutative KdV hierarchy and noncommutative Boussinesq hierarchy. Meanwhile, we construct two new noncommutative systems including odd noncommutative C type Gelfand-Dickey and even noncommutative C type Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies. Also using the symmetry, we can construct a new noncommutative Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy with self-consistent sources. Based on the natural differential Lax operator of the noncommutative Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy, the string equations of the noncommutative Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy are also derived.
Quasi-coherent mode simulation during inter-ELM period in HL-2A
Authors: Tang T. F. , Shi H. , Wang Z. H. , Zhong W. L. , Xia T. Y. , Xu X. Q. , Sun J. Z. , Wang D. Z.
Published: December 2018

We have performed linear and nonlinear simulations to study the drive mechanism of the quasi-coherent modes (QCM) during the inter-edge localized mode period in HL-2A. With an unstable Resistive-Ballooning mode from linear simulations, the nonlinear simulation has successfully reproduced the QCM inside the separatrix at the outer mid-plane. The poloidal wave number and frequency from fluctuation analysis are almost the same as the experimental results. The phase shift between the electrical potential and the density fluctuation matches. Linear and nonlinear global profile scans show that the QCM is triggered by the density gradient. Based on these scans, some other experimental observations of the QCM are explained.
Modulation instability in higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Chowdury Amdad , Ankiewicz Adrian , Akhmediev Nail , Chang Wonkeun
Published: December 2018

We investigate the dynamics of modulation instability (MI) and the corresponding breather solutions to the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes the full scale growth-decay cycle of MI. As an example, we study modulation instability in connection with the fourth-order equation in detail. The higher-order equations have free parameters that can be used to control the growth-decay cycle of the MI; that is, the growth rate curves, the time of evolution, the maximal amplitude, and the spectral content of the Akhmediev Breather strongly depend on these coefficients.
Terahertz multi-beam antenna using photonic crystal waveguide and Luneburg lens
Authors: Headland Daniel , Withayachumnankul Withawat , Yamada Ryoumei , Fujita Masayuki , Nagatsuma Tadao
Published: December 2018

Recent years have seen the emergence of efficient, general-purpose terahertz photonic-crystal waveguides etched from high-resistivity silicon. Systems founded upon this platform will require antennas in order to interface with free-space fields. Multi-beam antennas are desirable to this end, as they are capable of interacting with a number of distinct directions simultaneously. Such functionality can be provided by Luneburg lenses, which we aim to incorporate with the terahertz photonic crystal waveguide. A Luneburg lens requires a precisely defined gradient-index, which we realize using effective medium techniques that are implemented with micro-scale etching of silicon. Thus, the photonic crystal waveguides can be integrated directly with the Luneburg lens and fabricated together from the same silicon wafer. In this way, we develop a planar Luneburg-lens antenna with a diameter of 17 mm and seven evenly spaced ports that cover a 120° field of view. Numerical and experimental characterization confirm that the antenna functions as intended over its operation bandwidth, which spans from 320 to 390 GHz. The Luneburg-lens antenna is subsequently deployed in a demonstration of terahertz communications over a short distance. The device may therefore find applications in terahertz communications, where multiple point-to-point links can be sustained by a given transceiver node. This form of terahertz beam control may also be useful for short-range radar that monitors several directions simultaneously.
Evaluation of relativistic transport coefficients and the generalized Spitzer function in devices with 3D geometry and finite collisionality
Authors: Kapper Gernot , Kasilov Sergei V. , Kernbichler Winfried , Aradi Mátyás
Published: December 2018

The relativistic generalization of the linearized drift kinetic equation solver NEO-2 is presented which is used for computation of neoclassical transport coefficients and the generalized Spitzer function in 3D toroidal fusion devices (tokamaks and stellarators). This upgrade allows computations of the Spitzer function playing the role of current drive efficiency in the whole experimentally relevant temperature range, from mild temperatures where finite plasma collisionality effects are important to high temperatures where relativistic effects should be taken into account. Within the Galerkin method used for problem discretization over energy, relativistic effects are included into a set of matrices constant on a flux surface. Those matrices determine coefficients of a coupled set of integro-differential equations with a reduced dimension which is of the same form as in the non-relativistic case. For energy discretization of the linearized relativistic Coulomb collision operator, it is presented in spherical momentum space variables in the symmetric integral form derived directly from Beliaev-Budker expressions. The cancellation problem pertinent to the fully analytical representation of Braams and Karney [Phys. Fluids B 1, 1355 (1989)] does not appear in this form. Examples of evaluation of relativistic transport coefficients and the Spitzer function are presented.
Pulsed-laser deposition of InSe thin films for the detection of thickness-dependent bandgap modification
Authors: Zheng Dingheng , Shiogai Junichi , Fujiwara Kohei , Tsukazaki Atsushi
Published: December 2018

Layer-structured InSe is one of the intensively studied two-dimensional monochalcogenide semiconductors for optical and electrical devices. Significant features of the InSe device are the thickness dependent bandgap modification resulting in a peak shift of photoluminescence and a drastic variation of electron mobility. In this study, by applying the pulsed-laser deposition technique, we investigated the optical and electrical properties of c-axis oriented InSe films with the thickness varying from a few to hundred nanometers. The energy at the absorption edge systematically shifts from about 3.3 to 1.4 eV with the increasing thickness. The InSe films on Al2O3(0001) are highly resistive, while those on InP(111) are conductive, which probably originates from the valence mismatch effect at the interface. The electron mobility of the conducting charge carrier at the interface of InSe/InP is enhanced in thicker samples than the critical thickness of about 10 nm, corresponding to the bandgap modification characterized by the optical measurement. Therefore, the substrate and the film thickness are critically important factors for the materialization of InSe optical and electrical device applications.
Measuring temperature-dependent thermal diffuse scattering using scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Wehmeyer Geoff , Bustillo Karen C. , Minor Andrew M. , Dames Chris
Published: December 2018

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) thermometry techniques offer the potential for mapping temperature (T) with high spatial resolution. Existing STEM thermometry methods based on thermally induced strains must contend with small thermal expansion coefficients [<10 parts per million (ppm)/K] for some materials of interest, as well as non-local relationships between strain and temperature. In contrast, the well-known mechanism of thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) offers promise for inherently local T measurements with larger temperature coefficients (>1000 ppm/K) for almost all materials at room temperature. This T-dependent TDS has not been leveraged for STEM thermometry, however, due to experimental difficulties in quantifying the relatively small thermal signals. Here, we demonstrate quantitative TDS measurements using STEM by measuring diffuse scattering in energy-filtered scanning electron nanodiffraction patterns. Applying virtual apertures to these diffraction patterns during post-processing allows us to quantify the T-dependent TDS between the Bragg spots. We measure a position-averaged temperature coefficient of 2400±400 ppm/K for a single-crystal gold film averaged between T=100 K and T=300 K and compare this result with the predictions of Debye-Waller theory. This TDS-based STEM thermometry technique demonstration provides a step towards the goal of non-contact nanoscale temperature mapping of thin nanostructures.
Electron microscopy used in measuring temperature-dependent thermal diffusion scattering
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2018

Measuring the diffuse scattering in energy-filtered scanning electron nanodiffraction patterns provides way forward for nanoscale temperature readings.
Commingled black and white cows (Bos taurus; Angus and Charolais) in high-elevation rangeland are differentially parasitised by Haematobia irritans
Authors: Scasta John D. , Smith Travis
Published: December 2018

Globally horn flies (Haematobia irritans) are one of the most economically damaging parasites of beef cattle. These obligate blood-feeding external parasites take blood meals from cattle leading to blood loss, annoyance avoidance behaviours, and reductions in animal performance. Development of chemical resistance by horn flies suggests that novel management strategies are needed. More in-depth understanding of parasitism relative to hide colour and temperature, especially in a changing climate, may enhance animal production. In peak parasitism periods of 2016 and 2017, we measured horn fly loads on commingled black Angus and white Charolais cows in a cold high-elevation rangeland in Wyoming, USA. We tested how breed, year, and interactions explained horn fly parasitism and economic thresholds. In 2016 we also measured ambient and external cow temperatures to further elucidate thermal ecology mechanisms explaining horn fly hide colour preferences. Mean annual horn fly infestations were always four times greater or more on black cows than white cattle both years, but not all cattle reached economic thresholds all years and the breed by year interaction was not significant. Difference in horn fly preference for black cattle over white cattle in our cold high-elevation environment may be explained by greater absolute and relative external surface temperatures of black hided cows. Host colour and thermal preferences of horn flies could be incorporated into integrated pest management strategies that only treat darker hided cattle and producers in cold high-elevation environments conduct real-time monitoring to determine if treatments are even needed on a year-by-year basis.
Effects of long-term rotation and tillage practice on grain yield and protein of wheat and soil fertility on a Vertosol in a medium-rainfall temperate environment
Authors: Armstrong R. D. , Perris R. , Munn M. , Dunsford K. , Robertson F. , Hollaway G. J. , Leary G. J. O
Published: December 2018

Fundamental changes in farming systems occurred throughout the medium-rainfall zone of southern Australia during the late 1990s. Pulse and canola crops replaced pastures and long-fallowing, and minimal-tillage practices were increasingly adopted. An experiment was established in 1998 to examine long-term effects of these changes on crop productivity and soil fertility. Nine rotation–tillage treatments based on 3- and 6-year cycles were compared by using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a bioassay crop over 2001–17. Seasonal conditions during the study ranged from the Millennium Drought to the top rainfall decile.
Averaged across the 17 seasons, wheat yields were significantly lower in rotations based on continuous wheat (1.73t/ha) or 3 years of perennial lucerne (Medicago sativa) (1.93t/ha) and highest after traditional long-fallow (2.92t/ha) or vetch (Vicia sativa) green manure (2.57t/ha). Wheat yields following a pulse (2.23t/ha) or canola (Brassica napus) (2.21t/ha) were intermediate. Whereas rotation effects varied with seasonal rainfall, there was a long-term trend for relative yields in continuous wheat rotations to decline and those following a green manure or fallow to differ increasingly from other treatments. Compared across the same rotation (canola–wheat–pulse), average wheat yields under no-tillage (2.09t/ha) were significant lower (P<0.05) than under reduced (2.22t/ha) and conventional (2.29t/ha) tillage. By contrast, grain protein concentration increased with increasing proportion and type of legumes (green manure and pasture>pulse) in the rotation via their effect on soil mineral nitrogen (N). Lowest protein was recorded in continuous wheat and highest where at least one-third of the rotation contained a non-pulse legume, i.e. vetch green manure, lucerne or annual medic (Medicago truncatula). Soil-borne cereal fungal pathogens and nematodes generally had little effect on grain yields. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N stocks declined in all treatments over time, except in the lucerne and green manure treatments, where total N was maintained. Greatest declines in SOC and total N occurred in the fallow treatment.
Results from the first 20 years of experimentation suggest that differences in grain yield (and protein) of wheat were most likely the result of treatment (rotation and tillage practice) effects on soil nitrate and water (growing-season rainfall and fallow storage) rather than disease. We found no evidence that current farming systems based on use of pulses, canola and reduced tillage are less able to maintain intervening cereal yields than traditional systems. On the contrary, practices such as long-fallowing are expected to have increasing negative influence on productivity in the longer term via decreased soil C and N fertility.
Viral MHCI inhibition evades tissue-resident memory T cell formation and responses
Authors: Lauron Elvin J. , Yang Liping , Harvey Ian B. , Sojka Dorothy K. , Williams Graham D. , Paley Michael A. , Bern Michael D. , Park Eugene , Victorino Francisco , Boon Adrianus C.M. , Yokoyama Wayne M.
Published: December 2018

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRMs) confer rapid protection and immunity against viral infections. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms to inhibit MHCI presentation in order to evade CD8+ T cells, suggesting that these mechanisms may also apply to TRM-mediated protection. However, the effects of viral MHCI inhibition on the function and generation of TRMs is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that viral MHCI inhibition reduces the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ TRMs, but its effects on the local microenvironment compensate to promote antigen-specific CD8+ TRM formation. Unexpectedly, local cognate antigen enhances CD8+ TRM development even in the context of viral MHCI inhibition and CD8+ T cell evasion, strongly suggesting a role for in situ cross-presentation in local antigen-driven TRM differentiation. However, local cognate antigen is not required for CD8+ TRM maintenance. We also show that viral MHCI inhibition efficiently evades CD8+ TRM effector functions. These findings indicate that viral evasion of MHCI antigen presentation has consequences on the development and response of antiviral TRMs.