bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atlas of phytoplankton phenology indices in selected Eastern Mediterranean marine ecosystems
Authors: Kournopoulou Antonia , Kikaki Katerina , Varkitzi Ioanna , Psarra Stella , Assimakopoulou Georgia , Karantzalos Konstantinos , Raitsos Dionysios E.
Published: May 2024

Phytoplankton is a fundamental component of marine food webs and play a crucial role in marine ecosystem functioning. The phenology (timing of growth) of these microscopic algae is an important ecological indicator that can be utilized to observe its seasonal dynamics, and assess its response to environmental perturbations. Ocean colour remote sensing is currently the only means of obtaining synoptic estimates of chlorophyll-a (a proxy of phytoplankton biomass) at high temporal and spatial resolution, enabling the calculation of phenology metrics. However, ocean colour observations have acknowledged weaknesses compromising its reliability, while the scarcity of long-term in situ data has impeded the validation of satellite-derived phenology estimates. To address this issue, we compared one of the longest available in situ time series (20 years) of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), along with concurrent remotely-sensed observations. The comparison revealed a marked coherence between the two datasets, indicating the capability of satellite-based measurements in accurately capturing the phytoplankton seasonality and phenology metrics (i.e., timing of initiation, duration, peak and termination) in the studied area. Furthermore, by studying and validating these metrics we constructed a satellite-derived phytoplankton phenology atlas, reporting in detail the seasonal patterns in several sub-regions in coastal and open seas over the EMS. The open waters host higher concentrations from late October to April, with maximum levels recorded during February and lowest during the summer period. The phytoplankton growth over the Northern Aegean Sea appeared to initiate at least a month later than the rest of the EMS (initiating in late November and terminating in late May). The coastal waters and enclosed gulfs (such as Amvrakikos and Maliakos), exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern with consistently higher levels of chlorophyll-a and prolonged growth period compared to the open seas. The proposed phenology atlas represents a useful resource for monitoring phytoplankton growth periods in the EMS, supporting water quality management practices, while enhancing our current comprehension on the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and higher trophic levels (as a food source).
Proximity tracking using ultra-wideband technology for equine social behaviour research
Authors: Torres Borda Laura , Roth Peter , Lumetzberger Jennifer , Auer Ulrike , Jenner Florien
Published: May 2024

Sociopositive interactions with conspecifics are essential for equine welfare and quality of life. This study aimed to validate the use of wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) technology to quantify the spatial relationships and dynamics of social behaviour in horses by continuous (1/s) measurement of interindividual distances. After testing the UWB devices’ spatiotemporal accuracy in a static environment, the UWB measurement validity, feasibility and utility under dynamic field conditions was assessed in a group of 8 horses. Comparison of the proximity measurements with video surveillance data established the measurement accuracy and validity (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) of the UWB technology. The utility for social behaviour research was demonstrated by the excellent accordance of affiliative relationships (preferred partners) identified using UWB with video observations. The horses remained a median of 5.82 m (95% CI 5.13–6.41 m) apart from each other and spent 20% (median, 95% CI 14–26%) of their time in a distance ≤ 3 m to their preferred partner. The proximity measurements and corresponding speed calculation allowed the identification of affiliative versus agonistic approaches based on differences in the approach speed and the distance and duration of the resulting proximity. Affiliative approaches were statistically significantly slower (median: 1.57 km/h, 95% CI 1.26–1.92 km/h, p = 0.0394) and resulted in greater proximity (median: 36.75 cm, 95% CI 19.5–62 cm, p = 0.0003) to the approached horse than agonistic approaches (median: 3.04 km/h, 95% CI 2.16–3.74 km/h, median proximity: 243 cm, 95% CI 130–319 cm), which caused an immediate retreat of the approached horse at a significantly greater speed (median: 3.77 km/h, 95% CI 3.52–5.85 km/h, p < 0.0001) than the approach.
A facile DNA coacervate platform for engineering wetting, engulfment, fusion and transient behavior
Authors: Liu Wei , Deng Jie , Song Siyu , Sethi Soumya , Walther Andreas
Published: May 2024

Biomolecular coacervates are emerging models to understand biological systems and important building blocks for designer applications. DNA can be used to build up programmable coacervates, but often the processes and building blocks to make those are only available to specialists. Here, we report a simple approach for the formation of dynamic, multivalency-driven coacervates using long single-stranded DNA homopolymer in combination with a series of palindromic binders to serve as a synthetic coacervate droplet. We reveal details on how the length and sequence of the multivalent binders influence coacervate formation, how to introduce switching and autonomous behavior in reaction circuits, as well as how to engineer wetting, engulfment and fusion in multi-coacervate system. Our simple-to-use model DNA coacervates enhance the understanding of coacervate dynamics, fusion, phase transition mechanisms, and wetting behavior between coacervates, forming a solid foundation for the development of innovative synthetic and programmable coacervates for fundamental studies and applications.
Immunogenomics and spatial proteomic mapping highlight distinct neuro-immune architectures in melanoma vs. non-melanoma-derived brain metastasis
Authors: Mendoza-Valderrey Alberto , Dettmann Ethan , Hanes Douglas , Kessler Daria M. , Danilova Ludmila , Rau Kai , Quan Yueqin , Stern Stacey , Barkhoudarian Garni , Bifulco Carlo , Margolin Kim , Kolker Steven , Ascierto Maria L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Brain metastases (BrMs) are a devastating complication of solid tumours. A better understanding of BrMs biology is needed to address their challenging clinical management.

Methods

Immunogenomic and digital spatial analyses were applied to interrogate the peripheral blood and tumour specimens derived from 53 unique patients with BrMs originating from different solid tumours.

Results

At craniotomy time, patients with melanoma-derived brain metastasis (MBM) displayed in the periphery lower neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) compared to non-melanoma-derived brain metastasis (non-MBM). Regardless of the primary tumour source, higher NLR was associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Tumour MicroEnviroment genomic evaluations revealed higher expression of genes identifying NK, CD8 and B cells in MBM vs. non-MBM. Moreover, MBM patients with longer OS displayed increased CD8+ cell infiltration. Spatial proteomic analysis further highlighted enriched infiltration of CD8+ cells, antigen-presenting cells, T-cell agonists and B cells in MBM. Conversely, increased expression of genes and proteins associated with neurodevelopment, cell–cell adhesion and neutrophil infiltration were observed in non-MBM.

Conclusions

These findings reveal an increased immunogenicity of MBM vs non-MBM and highlight the presence of a unique neuro-immune interplays in MBM vs non-MBM, suggesting that a balance between neuro-immune architectures might be associated with diverging clinical outcome of patients with BrMs.
Mime-seq 2.0: a method to sequence microRNAs from specific mouse cell types
Authors: Mandlbauer Ariane , Sun Qiong , Popitsch Niko , Schwickert Tanja , Spanova Miroslava , Wang Jingkui , Ameres Stefan L , Busslinger Meinrad , Cochella Luisa
Published: May 2024

Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed with high spatiotemporal specificity during organismal development, with some being limited to rare cell types, often embedded in complex tissues. Yet, most miRNA profiling efforts remain at the tissue and organ levels. To overcome challenges in accessing the microRNomes from tissue-embedded cells, we had previously developed mime-seq (miRNome by methylation-dependent sequencing), a technique in which cell-specific miRNA methylation in C. elegans and Drosophila enabled chemo-selective sequencing without the need for cell sorting or biochemical purification. Here, we present mime-seq 2.0 for profiling miRNAs from specific mouse cell types. We engineered a chimeric RNA methyltransferase that is tethered to Argonaute protein and efficiently methylates miRNAs at their 3′-terminal 2′-OH in mouse and human cell lines. We also generated a transgenic mouse for conditional expression of this methyltransferase, which can be used to direct methylation of miRNAs in a cell type of choice. We validated the use of this mouse model by profiling miRNAs from B cells and bone marrow plasma cells.
The past 10 years of molecular ferroelectrics: structures, design, and properties
Authors: Pan Qiang , Gu Zhu-Xiao , Zhou Ru-Jie , Feng Zi-Jie , Xiong Yu-An , Sha Tai-Ting , You Yu-Meng , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: May 2024

Herein, a comprehensive review of appealing developments of molecular ferroelectrics over the past 10 years is presented, with an emphasis on their structural diversity, chemical design, exceptional properties, and potential applications.
Ni(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)2: a high-spin octahedral formal Ni(0) complex
Authors: Cabrera-Lobera Natalia , del Horno Estefanía , Quirós M. Teresa , Buñuel Elena , Gimeno Magali , Brennessel William W. , Neidig Michael L. , Priego José Luis , Cárdenas Diego J.
Published: May 2024

Novel Ni(tpy)2 is an octahedral highly paramagnetic complex. Magnetic measurements and DFT calculations suggest intermolecular antiferromagnetic coupling in the solid state.
Confinement controls the creep rate in soft granular packings
Authors: Dijksman Joshua A. , Mullin Tom
Published: May 2024

Creep motion of an intruder in a packing of hydrogel particles visualized with time lapse imaging and blue tracer particles.
Optical discrimination of terpenes in citrus peels with a host:guest sensing array
Authors: Chen Junyi , Moreno Jose L. , Zhang Wen , Gibson-Elias Lucas J. , Lian Ria , Najafi Saba , Zhang Haofei , Zhong Wenwan , Hooley Richard J.
Published: May 2024

A host:guest array can discriminate citrus varietal peel extracts, despite the overwhelming excess of one major component in each sample.
Stereoselective synthesis of different cyclic tetrasiloxane isomers depending on the superacid catalyst employed
Authors: Sonoda Kanako , Tohnai Norimitsu , Kaneko Yoshiro
Published: May 2024

When the hydrolytic condensation of APDEMS was performed using various superacid catalysts (HNNf2 and HNHf2), cyclic tetrasiloxanes with different stereostructures (all-cis and cis–trans–cis) were selectively synthesized based on the catalyst type.
Cu(ii)–Ln(iii) (Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy) complexes of an unsymmetrical N2O3 donor ligand: field induced SMM behaviour of Cu(ii)–Tb(iii) complexes
Authors: Bhunia Pradip , Maity Souvik , Ghosh Tanmoy Kumar , Mondal Arpan , Mayans Júlia , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: May 2024

Among three rare types of CuII–LnIII (Ln = Gd, Tb, and Dy) complexes of an unsymmetrical N2O3 donor ligand, only the TbIII derivative shows SMM behavior under a dc field. Theoretical calculations explain the magnetic behavior of the complexes.
Unravelling mechanisms of CaO nanoparticle-induced drought tolerance inBrassica napus: an analysis of metabolite and nutrient profiling
Authors: Ayyaz Ahsan , Batool Iram , Zhang Kangni , Hannan Fakhir , Sun Yongqi , Qin Tongjun , Athar Habib-ur-Rehman , Zafar Zafar Ullah , Farooq Muhammad Ahsan , Zhou Weijun
Published: May 2024

Nanotechnology has been widely used in agriculture to improve plant growth and stress tolerance.
Bio-inspired hydroxyl-rich electrolyte additive for highly reversible aqueous Zn-ion batteries with strong coordination chemistry
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Wu Qing , Yang Song , Luo Fusheng , Li Yue , Zhang Yanhui , Chen Kui , Huang Jun , Xie Haibo , Chen Yiwang
Published: May 2024

Bio-inspired hydroxyl-rich l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, l-Aa) was employed to regulate coordination chemistry with dual remodeling functions and further improve the reversibility of Zn anodes.
Hydrogel-stabilized zinc ion batteries: progress and outlook
Authors: Li Le , Jia Shaofeng , Yue Shi , Wang Conghui , Qiu Hengwei , Ji Yongqiang , Cao Minghui , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2024

We explored effective solutions for enhancing the operational stability of ZIBs by designing hydrogel electrolytes that protect zinc anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes.
Decarbonylation of dimethyl oxalate to dimethyl carbonate over Cs2CO3/HZSM-5
Authors: Jv Ning , Li Ci , Li Fang , Xue Wei , Lv Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Using Cs2CO3/HZSM-5 as a catalyst, a DMO conversion of 99.4% and a DMC selectivity of 97.6% were obtained.
A novel fluorescent probe for discriminating microbial DNA in ecosystems and model organisms
Authors: Wang Zhaomin , Chen Zhe , Sun Hao , Liu Min , Liu Yong
Published: May 2024

In this work, we developed a new small-molecule fluorescent probe that distinguishes microbial DNA extracted from agricultural, forest, and grassland ecosystems.
Controlled formation of ball-milled carbon quantum dots via optimized graphite structures by numerical simulation
Authors: Tai Sonia Lu , Wang Kelly Qi , Wang Ryan Taoran , Lau W. M. , Xu Gu , Xu Alex Fan
Published: May 2024

Optimized graphite structures enable high carbon quantum dot yield from ball-milled coals.
Plasmonic Fabry–Pérot nanocavities produced via solution methods
Authors: Kioumourtzoglou Stylianos , Berical-Vadell Robert , Silveira Vitor R. , Li Dan , Görlin Mikaela , Sá Jacinto
Published: May 2024

Light trapping with a Fabry–Pérot plasmonic cavity produced with solution methods.
Photocatalytic C2-trifluoroethylation and perfluoroalkylation of 3-substituted indoles using fluoroalkyl halides
Authors: Arora Shivani , Singh Tavinder , Singh Anand
Published: May 2024

A photocatalytic route towards 2-trifluoroethylated and 2-perfluoroalkylated indoles is reported. This transition-metal-free protocol employs simple fluoroalkyl halide precursors and works under mild conditions.
The Effects of Light Level and Signal-to-Noise Ratio on the Task-Evoked Pupil Response in a Speech-in-Noise Task
Authors: Baldock Jennifer , Kapadia Sarosh , van Steenbrugge Willem , McCarley Jason
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

There is increasing interest in the measurement of cognitive effort during listening tasks, for both research and clinical purposes. Quantification of task-evoked pupil responses (TEPRs) is a psychophysiological method that can be used to study cognitive effort. However, light level during cognitively demanding listening tasks may affect TEPRs, complicating interpretation of listening-related changes. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of light level on TEPRs during effortful listening across a range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).

Method:

Thirty-six adults without hearing loss were asked to repeat target sentences presented in background babble noise while their pupil diameter was recorded. Light level and SNRs were manipulated in a 4 × 4 repeated-measures design. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to measure the effects.

Results:

Peak and mean dilation were typically larger in more adverse SNR conditions (except for SNR −6 dB) and smaller in higher light levels. Differences in mean and peak dilation between SNR conditions were larger in dim light than in brighter light.

Conclusions:

Brighter light conditions make TEPRs less sensitive to variations in listening effort across levels of SNR. Therefore, light level must be considered and reported in detail to ensure sensitivity of TEPRs and for comparisons of findings across different studies. It is recommended that TEPR testing be conducted in relatively low light conditions, considering both background illumination and screen luminance.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25676538
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: Measuring the splashback radius from weak gravitational lensing
Authors: Giocoli Carlo , Palmucci Lorenzo , Lesci Giorgio F. , Moscardini Lauro , Despali Giulia , Marulli Federico , Maturi Matteo , Radovich Mario , Sereno Mauro , Bardelli Sandro , Castignani Gianluca , Covone Giovanni , Ingoglia Lorenzo , Romanello Massimiliano , Roncarelli Mauro , Puddu Emanuella
Published: May 2024

Context. Weak gravitational lensing offers a powerful method to investigate the projected matter density distribution within galaxy clusters, granting crucial insights into the broader landscape of dark matter on cluster scales.

Aims. In this study, we make use of the large photometric galaxy cluster data set derived from the publicly available Third Data Release of the Kilo-Degree Survey, along with the associated shear signal. Our primary objective is to model the peculiar sharp transition in the cluster profile slope, that is what is commonly referred to as the splashback radius. The data set under scrutiny includes 6962 galaxy clusters, selected by AMICO (an optimised detection algorithm of galaxy clusters) on the KiDS-DR3 data, in the redshift range of 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.6, all observed at a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 3.5.

Methods. Employing a comprehensive Bayesian analysis, we model the stacked excess surface mass density distribution of the clusters. We adopt a model from recent results on numerical simulations that capture the dynamics of both orbiting and infalling materials, separated by the region where the density profile slope undergoes a pronounced deepening.

Results. We find that the adopted profile successfully characterizes the cluster masses, consistent with previous works, and models the deepening of the slope of the density profiles measured with weak-lensing data up to the outskirts. Moreover, we measure the splashback radius of galaxy clusters and show that its value is close to the radius within which the enclosed overdensity is 200 times the mean matter density of the Universe, while theoretical models predict a larger value consistent with a low accretion rate. This points to a potential bias of optically selected clusters preferentially characterized by a high density at small scales compared to a pure mass-selected cluster sample.
Optimizing the Performance of the Small Intestine of Joper Chickens and KUB Chickens Using Herbal Medicine
Authors: Sutanto Adi , Rahayu Imbang Dwi , Widodo Wahyu , Sittiya Janjira , Anggraeni Apriliana Devi , Ismail Akhis Soleh , Wachidah Avitha Lailatul
Published: May 2024

This research aims to see the small intestine performance of KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) and Joper (Jowo Super) chickens given herbal medicine. Amount of 200 chickens consisting of Joper and KUB chickens, rearing was carried out using open-house system cage. The feed used is commercial feed. The herbal medicine was produced by the UMM experimental farm, given through feed as much as 1 % of the total feed. The treatment in this study was the provision of herbal medicine in the feed and no herbal medicine in the feed (control). The variables observed were the length and relative weight of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). The data obtained was analyzed descriptively. Joper chickens given herbs and those without herbs gave relatively similar and normal small intestine weights. Meanwhile, in KUB chickens, chickens given herbal medicine had higher jejunum and ileum lengths compared to controls with values of 1.47 % and 1.17 % respectively. This research concludes that herbal medicine can increase the length and weight of the small intestine of KUB chickens but has no effect on Joper chickens.
Bibliometric Analysis on Ecotourism in Agriculture (2012 to 2022) Through VOSviewer
Authors: RA Dodi Sukma , Zalizar Lili , Triwanto Joko , Ervayenri Ervayenri , Mel Maizirwan , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Ekalaturrahmah Yenni Arista Cipta
Published: May 2024

Ecotourism, natural resource protection, and local livelihood are considered a kind of nature-based tourism that targets two key attributes: the enhancement of livelihoods and the protection of biodiversity. Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative review approach that employs statistics, data mining, and mathematics to identify new academic trends. To evaluate the evolution and extension of this body of knowledge and to forecast its future path, the present study analyzed Scopus-indexed research publications on ecotourism in agriculture from 2012 to 2022. To perform the bibliometric analysis, the VOSviewer software and Scopus analytics were used. VOSviewer has two separate visualization modes: network and overlay. A total of 274 journal articles (n = 181) and conference papers (n = 46) were extracted. The number of research documents published by 269 authors was steadily increasing annually. China is the leading country in the number of publications and research collaborations. In addition, monitoring the carrying capacity of ecotourism locations and giving vocational training to the untrained local people would increase the overall efficacy of the ecotourism industry. For a successful ecotourism company, it would be advantageous to get a thorough understanding of the ecotourist’s role and the importance of eco-certification.
A Short Review: Changes in the Physical-Chemical Properties of Cacao Beans During the Fermentation Process
Authors: Dewi Putri Maharani Shinta , Damat Damat , Ekawati Ida , Siskawardani Devi Dwi , Asmawati Asmawati , Wiryono Budy , Munsif Fasal , Utomo Budi
Published: May 2024

Fermentation is one of the main processes influencing cacao beans’ quality. Proper post-harvest cacao processing can affect the quality of cacao beans. Spontaneous fermentation of cacao beans is carried out carefully for 5 d to 7 d, characterized by a series of activities of certain microorganisms from three groups of microorganisms: yeasts, lactic acid, and acetic acid. Yeast aims to liquefy the pulp, while lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria play a role in raising and lowering the pH of cacao beans during fermentation. The activity of microorganisms affects the formation of aromatic compounds in fermented cacao beans. During the fermentation process, there is a change in pH and an increase in temperature in the seed heap; this creates conditions that cause changes in the seed’s structure at the cellular level and the metabolites present in the seeds. Leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine are precursors contributing to cacao and chocolate aroma formation. The post-harvest processes affect the yield of cacao beans that will be used in the chocolate industry. Each process must be considered to produce high-quality fermented cacao beans.
Microplastic Debris in Palm Cooking Oil: A Call for Research
Authors: Setyobudi Roy Hendroko , Anwar Shazma , Garfansa Marchel Putra , Liwang Tony , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Damat Damat , Savitri Evika Sandi , Wahono Satriyo Krido , Latipun Latipun , Adinurani Praptiningsih Gamawati , Subchi Thontowi Djauhari Nur , Setiawan Meddy , Hermayanti Diah , Mariyam Dewi , Fauzi Ahmad , Vincevica-Gaile Zane , Churochman Miftha , Sulistyoningrum Delfy Diah , Farzana Afrida Rizka , Dewi Ika Oktaviana
Published: May 2024

Microplastic (MPs) contamination investigations have been carried out on 16 cooking oil brands, especially palm cooking oil. MPs analysis used modified fenton oxidative degradation and identification through light optical microscopy. The investigation results presented that all cooking oil brands were dirtied with MPs. The most minor abundance of MPs (0.07 ± 0.09) mL–1 particle is in the Tl. brand, a premium cooking oil. that matches imported canola oil (Ma. brand). Bulk cooking oil is contaminated with the highest MPs (0.37 ± 0.05) mL–1 particle, but the contamination can be reduced with packaging, as shown in the Minyakkita brand (0.28 ± 0.05) mL–1 particle. Red palm oil has contamination i.e., (0.23 ± 0.05) mL–1 to (0.50 ± 0.05) mL–1 particle. Investigations at three street vendors of fried food showed that the snacks were contaminated with MPs. Black fiber particles dominate the pollution in cooking oil and fried snacks. It’s suspected that MP pollution has occurred during the CPO process. Considering MPs’ harmful impacts on human health, comprehensive research should be conducted to minimize MP pollution in palm cooking oil. This action must be carried out as a campaign for healthy Indonesian palm oil cooking.
Identification of Functional Groups and Types of Anthocyanin Pigments of Purple Sweet Potato cv. Antin 2 and cv. Antin 3
Authors: Farida Siti , Saati Elfi Anis , Damat Damat , Wahyudi Ahmad , Van Minh Nguyen
Published: May 2024

Purple sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) contain anthocyanin pigments which act as natural antioxidants which are very beneficial for health. The research aimed to identify the functional groups and types of anthocyanin pigments in purple sweet potato cv. Antin 2 and cv. Antin 3, using FTIR and identification of anthocyanin pigment types using LCMS/MS. The results of FTIR analysis show that the purple sweet potato cultivar Antin 2 has 12 spectrum peaks ranging from wavelengths of 570.48 cm-1 to 3 394.40 cm-1. Functional groups detected include benzene nuclei, hydrocarbons (dominating), carbonyls, carboxyl esters, aromatics, aldehydes, and alcohols. Meanwhile, the purple sweet potato cultivar Antin 3 has 15 spectrum peaks ranging from wavelengths of 417.88 cm-1 to 3 365.86 cm-1. The functional groups detected include core-benzene hydrocarbons, carboxyl esters, methyl, aromatics, carbonyls, carbonyl esters, aldehydes, aldehyde carbons, and hydroxyl carbons. The LCMS/MS identification results of purple sweet potato anthocyanin pigments of the Antin 2 cultivar detected 11 types, including Cyanidin 3-(6“-caffeoyl sophoroside)-5-glucoside and Cyanidin 3-(6“-feruloyl sophoroside)-5-glucoside. In the purple sweet potato cultivar Antin 3, 14 types of anthocyanins were found, including, Malvidin 3-5 diglicoside, Cyanidin 3-(6“-caffeoyl sophoroside)-5-glucoside, Cyanidin, and Cyanidin 3-(6“feruloyl sophoroside)-5-glucoside.
Study of Carbon Emissions in the Use of Fossil and Renewable Energy to Respond to the Urgency of a Sustainable Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Group of Twenty (G20) Presidency: A Short Communication
Authors: Wahyono Yoyon , Irviandi Risnu , Gilbran Adam , Parlaungan Panggabean Lambas , Ridlo Rohmadi , Sundari S. , Dewi Suryaningtyas Anissa , Lomak Prihatin Anggara , Dwi Novianti Endah , Citrawati Lestari Mutia , Anisah A. , Kumalasari Isnaeni , Zasyana Eka Putri Virny , Raihan Farras Hakim Muhammad , Ariyanto Novy , Habibah Nurauliyaa Aida , Alex Fadhly Muhammad , Prastianto Setiawan Risqi , Fahrurrozy Indriawan Muhammad
Published: May 2024

The energy industry is responsible for about 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on a worldwide scale, making it the primary contributor to climate change. The Group of Twenty (G20) members are making substantial endeavors to accomplish a sustainable energy transition primarily due to the imperative of addressing climate change. The observable consequences of global climate change on many aspects of life include the disappearance of ice in the Arctic, the increase in sea levels, and the persistence of extended periods of drought. The use of renewable energy sources in power production systems has been shown to significantly mitigate carbon emissions during their whole life cycle. The most significant decrease in carbon emissions during the whole life cycle, transitioning from coal to wind, amounts to 87.32% (≈851.6 g CO2per kWh). The Indonesian government expresses optimism over its ability to achieve a state of net-zero emissions by the year 2060, accompanied by a renewable energy mix of 23% by 2025. In conclusion, Indonesia is poised to make a significant contribution towards the shift from fossil-based energy sources to renewable alternatives, ultimately striving to attain sustained net zero emissions.
The Meaning of Public and Private Space in Urban Corridor (Case Study: Mahkamah Corridor, Medan)
Authors: Abdillah Wahyu , Zahrah Wahyuni , Malik Affif Aulia
Published: May 2024

The corridor, a linear urban space formed by the boundary of the building facade on the left and right of the road, is a common phenomenon found in Indonesian urban spaces. The ideal city corridor should meet all needs in a decent and appropriate manner. The study theme in this study is related to local wisdom, with the objective of investigating local wisdom in the tradition of creating urban forms and spaces. This research will help to enrich the theory of spatial interpretation and form of the city based on local community traditions, which can then be used to determine community-based urban spatial design strategies as part of developing theory and implementing designs for settlements and urban infrastructure. This research aims to determining the meaning of public and private space, a linear urban space formed by the boundaries of building facades on the left and right of the road in the Mahkamah corridor, Medan. The methodology used in this research is qualitative methodology with phenomenology approach. The results showed that the public meaning of the corridor is the historical identity of the Sultanate of Deli’s legacy, while the private meaning is the reflection of the community’s tradition and culture.
Energy Conservation: Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Entertainment Industrial Design, Case Study on Jalan Sutomo, Medan
Authors: Lubis M. D. , Salsabila Aisyah , Nasution Muhammad Akbar , Ahmad Sanusi Hassan
Published: May 2024

Energy conservation is a major concern in today’s entertainment industry due to the increasing awareness of the need for sustainable resource management. This research proposes an approach that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and green design to improve energy efficiency in various aspects of entertainment industry buildings. First, we explore the role of AI in optimizing energy consumption and improving operational efficiency in entertainment venues such as cinemas, theaters, and shopping malls. Next, we discuss eco-design which includes the use of eco-friendly materials, waste management, and the use of renewable energy sources in the construction and operation of entertainment facilities. Through the incorporation of AI technology and sustainable design, this research highlights the potential to create a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly entertainment industry, while making a positive contribution to global conservation efforts.
The Effect of Microcrystal Cellulose Filling from Coconut Fiber and Betel Leaf Extract as Antimicrobials on Sago Starch Bioplastic Composite
Authors: Nasution Halimatuddahliana , Asdita Meinissa , Zoelva Avania , Syabina Asraf Faiza , Atqia Tamanni Dhaifuri , Mufidah Lubis Nadiatul
Published: May 2024

Starch-derived bioplastics have weaker mechanical properties than conventional polymers and a short lifespan due to their susceptibility to microbial degradation. This study examines the impact of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and betel leaf extract on the characteristics of sago starch bioplastic composites. Microcrystalline cellulose extracted from coconut coir improves tensile strength, and betel leaf extract improves antibacterial properties. This study began by isolating alpha-cellulose from coconut coir and continued by isolating microcrystalline cellulose via the hydrolysis procedure employing hydrochloric acid. As an antibacterial, this research extracted betel leaf using 96% ethanol and a rotary evaporator. MCC variations of 0, 2, and 4(b) and betel leaf extract variations of 0, 3, and 6%(v) in 100 g of sago starch were examined. Up to 20% of the combination comprises glycerol as a plasticizer(v). MCC and betel leaf extract altered bioplastic composites’ properties. A bioplastic composite with 2% MCC and 6% betel leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria. It has a tensile strength of 274,531 kPa, an elongation at break of 3.72%, a density of 0.724 g/cm3, and a water absorption of 7.79%. It concludes that MCC and betel leaf extract had an antibacterial effect in starch bioplastic composite.
Comparative Analysis of Waste Management between Masaro and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Technologies in West Java
Authors: Abidin Akhmad Z. , Steven Soen , Sirait Anastasia S. , Sianturi Bryan N. B. , Yemensia Elsye V. , Suyadi Malikul M. A. , Soekotjo Ernie S. A. , Matin Alex , Putra Ridwan P.
Published: May 2024

In 2023, the amount of waste from five large cities in West Java could reach more than 1 million tons. This creates the need for proper waste management. There are several technologies used, i.e. zero waste management (Masaro) technology and also refuse-derived fuel (RDF) technology. Masaro employs various methods to process all types of waste while RDF technology utilizes combustible and plastic waste to produce solid fuel. This study intends to compare the waste processing performance of the two technologies from the potential, environmental impact, and economic aspects. Based on the results, raw materials, utilities, and target markets are all comparable. Besides, environmental impact analysis shows that waste processing with Masaro and RDF has low emissions and is below quality standards. Actually, RDF has a faster processing time than Masaro, but the economic analysis from Masaro shows a higher GPM than RDF (99.21% vs. 89.38%). This happens because the products from Masaro are much more differentiated than RDF. In the end, the integration of waste processing with Masaro and RDF is even more promising because apart from solving the waste problem it also produces a higher GPM (99.22%).
Study on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of similar joint of Al-Mg-Si alloy by tungsten inert gas welding
Authors: Suprianto  , Dede Syahputra Rian , Ariani Farida
Published: May 2024

Aluminium alloys are widely used to structural material purposes, there is sometimes the welding processes are needed to join this material. One of the promising welding methods are Tungsten inert gas (TIG) can be used to join of similar or dissimilar aluminium. Their qualities are influenced by correct selected of the weld parameters. The inert gas, filler rod, heat treat, and current intensity are such important parameters. The aim of this research to investigate mechanical properties and microstructure evolution with varying welding current. In the present work the similar joint of the A6061 aluminium was carried out by TIG method by using ER 5356 filler rod, and current intensities (90A, 100A, and 110 A). The hardness and tensile strength obtained through micro Vickers and universal testing machine respectively at room temperature. The microstructure observation at heat effected zone and weld metal area with optical microscope was conducted. The results show that the TIG was successful to join A6061 which is the maximum 243 MPa of ultimate tensile strength and ±104 HV hardness acquired. It was clearly observed that the weld metal area has a finer grain as weld processes with 110 A current in comparison with other current intensities.
Successive upper approximation methods for generalized fractional programs
Authors: Boufi Karima , Fadil Abdessamad , Roubi Ahmed
Published: May 2024

The majorization approximation procedure consists in replacing the resolution of a non-linear optimization problem by solving a sequence of simpler ones, whose objective and constraint functions upper estimate those of the original problem. For generalized fractional programming, i.e., constrained minimization programs whose objective functions are maximums of finite ratios of functions, we propose an adapted scheme that simultaneously upper approximates parametric functions formed by the objective and constraint functions. For directionally convex functions, that is, functions whose directional derivatives are convex with respect to directions, we will establish that every cluster point of the generated sequence satisfies Karush–Kuhn–Tucker type conditions expressed in terms of directional derivatives. The proposed procedure unifies several existing methods and gives rise to new ones. Numerical problems are solved to test the efficiency of our methods, and comparisons with different approaches are given.
Comprehensive Strategies for the Synthesis of 1,3-Enyne Derivatives
Authors: Hazra Chinmoy Kumar , Malakar Chandi C. , Kant Kamal , Patel Chandresh Kumar , Reetu Reetu , Teli Yaqoob Ahmed , Naik Priyadarshini , Some Sanjukta , Aljaar Nayyef , Atta Ananta K.
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of 1,3-enyne has widespread appeal in organic synthesis due to their proven adaptability as intermediates in routes to compounds of significant biological and material interest. A variety of methods have been designed to formulate 1,3-enynes from diverse substrates, such as alkynes, 1,3-diynes, alkynyl-substituted cyclopropanes, and propargyl alcohols. This review covers the synthesis of 1,3-enynes utilizing the homo- and cross-coupling of alkynes, nucleophilic metal/acid-induced cyclopropane ring opening, and rearrangement/dehydration of propargyl alcohols. A key concern in procedures starting from alkynes and 1,3-diynes is the management of regio-, stereo-, and, where fitting, chemoselectivity. In contrast, in cyclopropyl ring opening nucleophile orientation determines the 1,3-enynes formed. Efficient methods for the broad and selective synthesis of 1,3-enynes are highlighted and specific examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of these processes.

1 Introduction and Scope

2 Synthesis

2.1 Synthesis of 1,3-Enynes from Alkynes

2.1.1 Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling/Additions of Alkynes with Alkenes or Vinyl or Aryl Halides

2.1.1.1 Palladium Catalysis

2.1.1.2 Rhodium Catalysis

2.1.1.3 Copper Catalysis

2.1.1.4 I ron Catalysis

2.1.1.5 Nickel Catalysis

2.1.1.6 Miscellaneous

2.2 Synthesis of Enynes from Propargyl Alcohols

2.3 Metal/Acid-Catalyzed Ring Opening of Cyclopropanes

3 Conclusion
Research on time-value-oriented business model innovation path in life services enterprises and its impact on customer perceived value
Authors: Liu Xia , Sun Yanhan , Zhou Shengshi , Li Yu , Zhuang Shan
Published: May 2024

In the era of the digital economy, the acceleration of life pace has induced to a continuous increase in people’s sense of time scarcity. In order to satisfy consumers’ lifestyle changes and immediate needs, life service enterprises have carried out lots of business model innovation activities guided by value of time. However, it is still unclear what the time-value-oriented business model innovation path is and whether it can improve the perceived value of customers. Under such background, this paper aims to construct a time-value-oriented business model innovation path in life services enterprises and to discuss its relationship with customer perceived value. The study indicates that: Firstly, specific innovation paths of enterprises include putting forward the purpose of value of time proposition, designing standardized process based on time-oriented, constantly forming unique core resources such as big data, brand and supply chain, and updating the transaction method combining online and offline, and so on. Secondly, the questionnaire results indicate that time-value oriented business model innovation in four aspects – value proposition, key processes, core resources, and transaction methods – can effectively enhance customer perceived value. Thirdly, there are differences in the matching degree between time-value-oriented business model innovation and customer value perception among different types of enterprises in the life services industry. Among them, the express delivery industry has the highest enhancing degree and customer satisfaction. This is related to the heterogeneous characteristics of industries such as express delivery, transportation, catering, and retail. Overall, this study offers a comprehensive and practical perspective for enterprises to meet customer perceived value demands by presenting business model innovation paths and solutions.
Fundamental equation of state for mixtures of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon based on molecular simulation data
Authors: Thol Monika , Pohl Sven Michael , Saric Denis , Span Roland , Vrabec Jadran
Published: May 2024

A fundamental equation of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy is presented for mixtures of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon at any composition. It is expressed in terms of the residual Helmholtz energy and can be used to calculate all thermodynamic equilibrium properties including vapor–liquid equilibria. The parameters of the equations for the pure-fluid and mixture contributions are fitted exclusively to molecular simulation data so that the model has a predictive character. The description of the mixture-specific reducing parameters is realized via generalized correlations of the critical parameters of the pure fluids so that an extension of the model to additional components can be implemented straightforwardly. Extensive comparisons to experimental data and the GERG-2008 reference equation of state show that the prediction of thermodynamic properties is satisfactory.
Exploring mounting solutions for cryogenically cooled thin crystal optics in high power density x-ray free electron lasers
Authors: Qu Zhengxian , Ma Yanbao , Wu Juhao
Published: May 2024

This study investigates three mounting methods—clamping, soldering, and a hybrid clamping–soldering approach—for cryogenically cooled thin diamond crystals crucial to stable operation of X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) systems. While clamping methods exhibit temperature resilience and flexibility, meticulous design is required to prevent stress-induced warping and reduce thermal contact area. Soldering methods offer reliable mechanical and thermal bonding but encounter challenges due to the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch at cryogenic temperatures. The hybrid method, integrating clamping and soldering with strain relief cuts, effectively mitigates overall distortion caused by mounting and XFEL thermal loads. These findings offer a novel mounting solution for high-performance x-ray optics in XFEL research and applications, ensuring stability and optimal functionality in cryogenic conditions.
Simple and efficient methods for local structural analysis in polydisperse hard disk systems
Authors: Mugita Daigo , Souno Kazuyoshi , Koyama Hiroaki , Nakamura Taisei , Isobe Masaharu
Published: May 2024

In nonequilibrium statistical physics, quantifying the nearest (and higher-order) neighbors and free volumes of particles in many-body systems is crucial to elucidating the origin of macroscopic collective phenomena, such as glass/granular jamming transitions and various aspects of the behavior of active matter. However, conventional techniques (based on a fixed-distance cutoff or the Voronoi construction) have mainly been applied to equilibrated, homogeneous, and monodisperse particle systems. In this paper, we implement simple and efficient methods for local structure analysis in nonequilibrium, inhomogeneous, and polydisperse hard disk systems. We show how these novel methods can overcome the difficulties encountered by conventional techniques as well as demonstrate some applications.
Switch the click: Ultrafast photochemistry of photoDIBO-OH tracked by time-resolved IR spectroscopy
Authors: Denninger L. , Brunst H. , van Wilderen L. J. G. W. , Horz M. , Masood H. M. A. , McNitt C. D. , Burghardt I. , Popik V. V. , Bredenbeck J.
Published: May 2024

Click chemistry refers to selective reactions developed for grafting of bio(macro)molecules in their biological media. Caged click compounds have been employed to spatiotemporally control click reactions. Here, we survey the uncaging of photo-dibenzocyclooctyne-OH (photoDIBO-OH) to its click-chemistry active form DIBO-OH, with particular attention to its conversion timescale and efficiency. Ultraviolet pump–infrared probe experiments reveal a stepwise decarbonylation: first, carbon monoxide (C≡O) is released within 1.8 ps, and then, it converts, within 10 ps, to DIBO-OH. Completion of uncaging is achieved with an efficiency of ∼50%. A successful demonstration of two-photon uncaging of photoDIBO-OH at long wavelength (700 nm) confers enhanced in vivo compatibility and proceeds on the same timescale.
Seamless integration of GEM, a density based-force field, for QM/MM simulations via LICHEM, Psi4, and Tinker-HP
Authors: Nochebuena Jorge , Simmonett Andrew C. , Cisneros G. Andrés
Published: May 2024

Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations have become an essential tool in computational chemistry, particularly for analyzing complex biological and condensed phase systems. Building on this foundation, our work presents a novel implementation of the Gaussian Electrostatic Model (GEM), a polarizable density-based force field, within the QM/MM framework. This advancement provides seamless integration, enabling efficient and optimized QM/GEM calculations in a single step using the LICHEM Code. We have successfully applied our implementation to water dimers and hexamers, demonstrating the ability to handle water systems with varying numbers of water molecules. Moreover, we have extended the application to describe the double proton transfer of the aspartic acid dimer in a box of water, which highlights the method’s proficiency in investigating heterogeneous systems. Our implementation offers the flexibility to perform on-the-fly density fitting or to utilize pre-fitted coefficients to estimate exchange and Coulomb contributions. This flexibility enhances efficiency and accuracy in modeling molecular interactions, especially in systems where polarization effects are significant.
Novel high-pressure/high-temperature reactor cell for in situ and operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of heterogeneous catalysts at synchrotron facilities
Authors: Nassereddine Abdallah , Prat Alain , Ould-Chikh Samy , Lahera Eric , Proux Olivier , Delnet William , Costes Anael , Maurin Isabelle , Kieffer Isabelle , Min Sophie , Rovezzi Mauro , Testemale Denis , Cerrillo Olmo Jose Luis , Gascon Jorge , Hazemann Jean-Louis , Aguilar Tapia Antonio
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the development of a novel high-pressure/high-temperature reactor cell dedicated to the characterization of catalysts using synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy under operando conditions. The design of the vitreous carbon reactor allows its use as a plug-flow reactor, monitoring catalyst samples in a powder form with a continuous gas flow at high-temperature (up to 1000 °C) and under high pressure (up to 1000 bar) conditions, depending on the gas environment. The high-pressure/high-temperature reactor cell incorporates an automated gas distribution system and offers the capability to operate in both transmission and fluorescence detection modes. The operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy results obtained on a bimetallic InCo catalyst during CO2 hydrogenation reaction at 300 °C and 50 bar are presented, replicating the conditions of a conventional microreactor. The complete setup is available for users and permanently installed on the Collaborating Research Groups French Absorption spectroscopy beamline in Material and Environmental (CRG-FAME) sciences and French Absorption spectroscopy beamline in Material and Environmental sciences at ultra-high dilution (FAME-UHD) beamlines (BM30 and BM16) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France.