bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Still" as an additive particle in conditionals
Authors: Tellings Jos
Published: January 2018

This paper studies a hitherto unexplored reading of ‘still’ as an additiveparticle, attested when it appears in the consequent of a conditional. A standardexisting approach to the meaning of ‘still’ is couched in terms of events. However, Ishow that prominent event-based analyses (such as Ippolito 2007) are incompatiblewith modal environments, raising the general issue of the cross-world identity ofevents (cf. Hacquard 2009). This issue can be avoided by being explicit aboutthe ontological status of events. On the basis of this I build a revised version ofIppolito’s (2007) event-based account of aspectual ‘still’.I argue that the additive reading of ‘still’ is the result of an additive focus particletaking wide scope over the conditional. This reading is also attested in the well-studied case of semifactual conditionals, and hence this analysis contributes to theopen question about the role of ‘still’ in semifactual conditionals.
What Did I Do? Practitioner Awareness of Ethical Issues in Scientific Publishing
Authors: Kennedy, LMT, BCTMB, DrPH Ann Blair , Moraska, PhD Albert , Rich, PhD, BCTMB, LMT Grant
Published: January 2018

Massage therapy practice as well as research in massage therapy is guided by ethical principles and boundaries of professional behavior. Scientific publishing is also guided by a set of ethical standards, about which all aspiring scientific authors should be aware. Honesty, integrity, and conflicts of interest are issues in science and these issues can also impact scientific publishing. Historical ethical issues and current events are discussed.
Outbursts and Disk Variability in Be Stars
Authors: Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Chojnowski S. Drew , Whelan David G. , Pepper Joshua , McSwain M. Virginia , Fernandes Marcelo Borges , Wisniewski John P. , Stringfellow Guy S. , Carciofi Alex C. , Siverd Robert J. , Glazier Amy L. , Anderson Sophie G. , Caravello Anthoni J. , Stassun Keivan G. , Lund Michael B. , Stevens Daniel J. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , James David J. , Kuhn Rudolf B.
Published: January 2018

In order to study the growth and evolution of circumstellar disks around classical Be stars, we analyze optical time-series photometry from the KELT survey with simultaneous infrared and visible spectroscopy from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey and Be Star Spectra database for a sample of 160 Galactic classical Be stars. The systems studied here show variability including transitions from a diskless to a disk-possessing state (and vice versa), and persistent disks that vary in strength, being replenished at either regularly or irregularly occurring intervals. We detect disk-building events (outbursts) in the light curves of 28% of our sample. Outbursts are more commonly observed in early- (57%), compared to mid- (27%) and late-type (8%) systems. A given system may show anywhere between 0 and 40 individual outbursts in its light curve, with amplitudes ranging up to ∼0.5 mag and event durations between ∼2 and 1000 days. We study how both the photometry and spectroscopy change together during active episodes of disk growth or dissipation, revealing details about the evolution of the circumstellar environment. We demonstrate that photometric activity is linked to changes in the inner disk, and show that, at least in some cases, the disk growth process is asymmetrical. Observational evidence of Be star disks both growing and clearing from the inside out is presented. The duration of disk buildup and dissipation phases are measured for 70 outbursts, and we find that the average outburst takes about twice as long to dissipate as it does to build up in optical photometry. Our analysis hints that dissipation of the inner disk occurs relatively slowly for late-type Be stars.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at the Auriga–California Molecular Cloud with SCUBA-2
Authors: Broekhoven-Fiene H. , Matthews B. C. , Harvey P. , Kirk H. , Chen M. , Currie M. J. , Pattle K. , Lane J. , Buckle J. , Francesco J. Di , Drabek-Maunder E. , Johnstone D. , Berry D. S. , Fich M. , Hatchell J. , Jenness T. , Mottram J. C. , Nutter D. , Pineda J. E. , Quinn C. , Salji C. , Tisi S. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Ward-Thompson D. , Bastien P. , Bresnahan D. , Butner H. , Chrysostomou A. , Coude S. , Davis C. J. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Fiege J. , Friberg P. , Friesen R. , Fuller G. A. , Graves S. , Greaves J. , Gregson J. , Holland W. , Joncas G. , Kirk J. M. , Knee L. B. G. , Mairs S. , Marsh K. , Moriarty-Schieven G. , Mowat C. , Rawlings J. , Richer J. , Robertson D. , Rosolowsky E. , Rumble D. , Sadavoy S. , Thomas H. , Tothill N. , Viti S. , White G. J. , Wilson C. D. , Wouterloot J. , Yates J. , Zhu M.
Published: January 2018

We present 850 and 450 μm observations of the dense regions within the Auriga–California molecular cloud using SCUBA-2 as part of the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey to identify candidate protostellar objects, measure the masses of their circumstellar material (disk and envelope), and compare the star formation to that in the Orion A molecular cloud. We identify 59 candidate protostars based on the presence of compact submillimeter emission, complementing these observations with existing Herschel/SPIRE maps. Of our candidate protostars, 24 are associated with young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Spitzer and Herschel/PACS catalogs of 166 and 60 YSOs, respectively (177 unique), confirming their protostellar nature. The remaining 35 candidate protostars are in regions, particularly around LkHα  101, where the background cloud emission is too bright to verify or rule out the presence of the compact 70 μm emission that is expected for a protostellar source. We keep these candidate protostars in our sample but note that they may indeed be prestellar in nature. Our observations are sensitive to the high end of the mass distribution in Auriga–Cal. We find that the disparity between the richness of infrared star-forming objects in Orion A and the sparsity in Auriga–Cal extends to the submillimeter, suggesting that the relative star formation rates have not varied over the Class II lifetime and that Auriga–Cal will maintain a lower star formation efficiency.
Pillars of Creation among Destruction: Star Formation in Molecular Clouds near R136 in 30 Doradus
Authors: Kalari Venu M. , Rubio Mónica , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Zinnecker Hans , Herrera Cinthya N.
Published: January 2018

We present new sensitive CO(2–1) observations of the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We identify a chain of three newly discovered molecular clouds that we name KN1, KN2, and KN3 lying within 2–14 pc in projection from the young massive cluster R136 in 30 Doradus. Excited H2 2.12 μm emission is spatially coincident with the molecular clouds, but ionized Brγ emission is not. We interpret these observations as the tails of pillar-like structures whose ionized heads are pointing toward R136. Based on infrared photometry, we identify a new generation of stars forming within this structure.
Host Factors Affect the Outcome of Arthroscopic Lavage Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Knee
Authors: Kang Taebyeong , Lee Jin Kyu
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic factors related to the outcome of lavage surgery in patients with septic arthritis of the knee. A total of 55 patients with acute septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic lavage were enrolled in the study. Host factors, including age, medical comorbidities, and medication use, were evaluated according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society staging system, and patients were then stratified into 3 types: type A, no compromising factors; type B, 1 to 2 compromising factors; and type C, more than 2 compromising factors. Routes of infection were classified. Causative organisms were classified as gram positive, gram negative, mixed, or culture negative. Multivariable analysis confirmed that type C hosts showed more than 16 times the risk for failure of a single arthroscopic lavage than type A hosts. Type B hosts showed no significant differences from either type A or type C hosts. Patients with gram-positive cultures had more than 13 times the risk for failure than patients who were culture negative. Patients with gram-negative and mixed cultures showed no significant differences from the other groups. The sex of the patient and the route of infection were not related to the success of a single arthroscopic lavage surgery. Patients in poor health (ie, very medically ill) and with gram-positive cultures should be counselled regarding potential failure after a single arthroscopic debridement procedure. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e184–e188.]
A Modified Extensile Anterior Approach to the Acetabulum for Severe Acetabular Defects
Authors: Moskal Joseph T. , Driesen Ronald , Koc Baris B. , Yerasimides Jonathan , Corten Kristoff
Published: January 2018

A modified extensile Smith–Petersen approach was used to access the acetabulum and pelvis in cases with complex acetabular defects requiring extensive reconstructions. Between 2010 and 2014, a total of 49 hips (48 patients) with a variety of acetabular defects were reconstructed using highly porous hemispherical acetabular cups and different reconstruction methods. Preoperative diagnoses included isolated aseptic loosening of the acetabular component, aseptic loosening of both acetabular and femoral components, infection, and other. Five patients (5 hips) died prior to the 2-year follow-up, with death being unrelated to the index operation. Mean follow-up of the remaining 44 hips was 40 months. There were no intraoperative complications. Ten patients had postoperative complications; all occurred within the first 12 months postoperatively. Complications occurred in 30% and 70% of type 2 and type 3 defects, respectively. Half of the complications were treated nonoperatively. The all-cause reoperation rate was 10%. All implants were radiographically stable. The modified extensile anterior approach to the acetabulum and pelvis is safe and allows for excellent exposure and successful reconstruction of bony defects. The exposure is less successful in addressing instability due to abductor or soft tissue deficiencies, with a re-revision rate of 4% to a constrained liner for recurrent instability. Seventy percent of all complications and 83% of all dislocations occurred in the Paprosky type 3 defect group. To decrease complications with a complex acetabular defect and associated deficiency of the abductor mechanism and soft tissue constraints, a constrained liner or dual mobility socket should be considered to simultaneously address both bony defects and soft tissue deficiencies. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e194–e201.]
Humeral Fractures Sustained During Arm Wrestling: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mayfield Cory K. , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: January 2018

Arm wrestling places significant torque on the humeral shaft. A spiral distal humeral shaft fracture is an unusual but significant injury that can result. Of 93 patients who presented between 2009 and 2017 with closed humeral shaft fractures that were managed nonoperatively, 9 sustained the fractures while arm wrestling. Outcomes were compared with those of all other patients with nonoperatively managed humeral shaft fractures sustained through other mechanisms. The Student's
t
test was used to compare cohorts. All patients had spiral fractures that occurred in the distal one-third of the humerus. All patients went on to achieve radiographic union after a mean of 13.6 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5–15.6). At fracture healing, mean angulation of the humerus seen on the anteroposterior and lateral views was 15.1° (95% CI, 12.0°–18.2°) and 8.9° (95% CI, 3.7°–14.1°), respectively. Mean elbow flexion–extension arc was 141.1° (95% CI, 134.4°–147.8°), with mean forward shoulder elevation of 168.8° (95% CI, 153.3°–184.2°). On comparison of the patients with humeral shaft fractures sustained through arm wrestling with the patients with humeral shaft fractures sustained through other mechanisms, except for earlier time to healing for the former (
P
=.05), no significant differences were observed. This represents the first analysis of radiographic and clinical outcomes following these types of fractures. Those who sustain these fractures secondary to the high-torque moment of arm wrestling are not different from those who sustain these fractures secondary to other mechanisms, except for an earlier time to union. This study indicates that nonoperative management of all humeral shaft fractures results in radiographic union with favorable clinical outcomes. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e207–e210.]
Bucket-Handle Tear of the Medial Meniscus in a 2-Year-Old Child
Authors: Fink Kyle , Kaushal Neil , Gross Jordan , Patel Himanshu , Delbello Damon
Published: January 2018

Bucket-handle meniscal tears are extremely rare injuries in the pediatric population. Given the known sequelae of meniscal tears and the development of osteoarthritis, early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric meniscal tears are essential. The communication barrier between physicians and pediatric patients, however, creates difficulties in making the correct diagnosis of meniscal pathology. Providers should have a low threshold for obtaining further confirmatory advanced imaging if patients present with prolonged knee pain and swelling, with associated locking mechanical symptoms. Good clinical outcomes following meniscal repair have been observed, likely a result of the increased residual vascularity found within pediatric menisci. The youngest reported case of an isolated traumatic bucket-handle medial meniscal tear is examined in this article. A 2-year-old girl presented with right knee pain after a heavy object fell onto the knee several weeks earlier. On examination, the patient walked with a limp but lacked full range of active knee motion. The McMurray test elicited pain without a mechanical or palpable click. After the patient continued to exhibit limitations following conservative management, magnetic resonance imaging of the right knee was obtained, which showed a bucket-handle tear of the right medial meniscus. The patient subsequently underwent meniscal repair and, on recovery, was able to regain normal functioning of the right knee without limitations. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(4):e580–e582.]
Trends in Orthopedic Fracture and Injury Severity: A Level I Trauma Center Experience
Authors: Tarabadkar Neil , Alton Timothy , Gorbaty Jacob , Nork Sean , Taitman Lisa , Kleweno Conor
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to define the trends in fracture complexity and overall injury severity of orthopedic trauma patients at a level I trauma center. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected trauma database was performed to determine the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and AO/OTA classification of the most common fractures among all patients presenting from 1995 to 1999 and from 2008 to 2012. Inclusion criteria were lower extremity fractures of the femur and tibia and pelvic fractures within the years of interest. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years, pathologic fractures, and insufficient medical records to determine ISS or AO/OTA classification. The total number of fractures increased from 4869 between 1995 and 1999 to 5902 between 2008 and 2012. There was an increase in the percentage of lower extremity periarticular fractures (20.7% to 23.4%,
P
<.001) and the percentage of pelvic and acetabular fractures (32.7% to 39.9%,
P
<.001) and a decrease in the percentage of lower extremity extra-articular fractures (46.6% to 36.7%,
P
<.001). The ratios of tibial pilon and plateau fractures relative to extra-articular tibial fractures increased from 0.29 to 0.60 (
P
<.001) and from 0.49 to 0.81 (
P
<.001), respectively. The average ISS had increased from 2008 to 2012 compared with from 1995 to 1999 (19.2 vs 15.1,
P
<.001). The complexity of certain lower extremity fractures and the severity of injury of patients treated at this referral institution are high and continue to increase. As US health care economics continue to change, with provider and hospital reimbursements shifting toward a patient outcomes basis with potential penalties for complications and readmissions, hospitals and providers must recognize these trends. Trauma centers must continue to measure the complexity of fracture care provided to properly risk-stratify their patient population. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e211–e216.]
Biomechanical Comparison of Fully Threaded Solid Cortical Versus Partially Threaded Cannulated Cancellous Screw Fixation for Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Rozell Joshua C. , Chin Matthew , Donegan Derek J. , Hast Michael W.
Published: January 2018

There currently exists an array of operative strategies to manage Lisfranc injuries. Modular fixation systems present surgeons with a choice between fully threaded solid cortical (FSC) and partially threaded cannulated cancellous (PCC) bone screws when using a transarticular screw approach. It is currently unknown how screw design influences fixation strength in Lisfranc reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical differences of FSC and PCC screws using a cadaveric model of a simulated Lisfranc injury and controlled benchtop experiments. Ten matched pairs of cadaveric feet received an acute Lisfranc injury and were repaired with FSC or PCC screws. Diastasis was measured between the medial and intermediate cuneiforms and the first and second metatarsals during simulations of partial weight bearing. Three-point bending and axial pull-out tests were performed to characterize screw mechanics that could not be measured within the cadaveric model. Screw design did not affect cuneiform or metatarsal diastasis. Neither screw loosening nor deformation was observed following cadaveric testing. Bending tests indicated FSC screws had higher ultimate strength, but there was no significant difference in yield load. Partially threaded cannulated cancellous bone screws exhibited superior axial pull-out strength. Fully threaded solid cortical and PCC screws provide equal amounts of fixation strength during partial weight bearing and similar resistance to deformation under bending loads. Partially threaded cannulated cancellous screws may simplify the operative procedure and minimize nonoptimal screw placement. If a clinician so desires, PCC screws may be used in lieu of FSC screws without sacrificing fixation strength. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(2):e222–e227.]
Origin and Development of Cave System in the Rosandra Valley (Classical Karst - Italy)
Authors: Cucchi F. , Potleca M. , Zini L.
Published: January 2018

V terciarnih apnencih zgornjega dela doline Glinščice je jamski sistem Savi - Fessura del Vento, v ozemlju, kjer je intenzivna tektonika povzročila vrsto narivov, pomešanih s prelomi. V dolini Glinščice in v tamkajšnjih jamah je nekaj ključnih dejstev v dokaz, da je najmlajša tektonika vplivala tako na površinsko (neenakomernost pobočij, skoki in spremembe smeri teka Glinščice) kot na podzemeljsko morfologijo (premaknjene korozijske oblike, podori in druge morfološke oblike).The system Savi - Fessura del Vento caves occurs in the Rosandra Valley Tertiary limestones in an area where intense tectonic influences have caused a series of overthrusts mixed with faults. In Rosandra Valley’s area and in its caves there are some clues reporting recent tectonics which have conditioned both, epigean (slope irregularities, falls and variations of directions along the course of Rosandra creek) and hypogean morphologies (displaced solution forms, breakdowns and other morphologies).
Palaeomagnetic Research of Cave Sediments in SW Slovenia
Authors: Bosák Pavel , Pruner Petr , Zupan Hajna Nadja
Published: January 2018

Trije profili jamskih sedimentov (v fosilni jami blizu Divače, v Divaški jami in v Trhlovci) so bili preučeni na Krasu blizu Divače. Mineraloška analiza izpričuje relativno enotno sestavo lahke frakcije in kaže na glavni izvor v preperelih ostankih eocenskega fliša. Nekaj mineralov je produkt preparevanja (npr. gibbsit). Podrobna magnetostratigrafska raziskava treh profilov kaže na normalno in reverzno polarnost magnetocon in kaže na korelacijo med profiloma v Divaški jami in Trhlovci. Ozke normalne magnetocone verjetno sovpadajo z Jaramillo polarnostjo (0.90 do 0.97 Ma) v Matuyama epohi. Podatki kažejo na precejšnjo starost jame, v kateri je nastopilo zadnje obdobje zapolnjevanja pred 0,97 Ma in se končalo pred mejo med Brunhes/Matuyama, pred približno 0.73 Ma. Magnetostratigrafski podatki profila pri Divači so zabeležili dve ozki normalni magnetoconi v dolgi reverzni polarni coni, kar verjetno sovpada z Olduvai oz. Reunion (okrog 1.67 do 1.87 Ma) reverzne Matuyama epohe ali z normalnimi magnetoconami (okrog 3.8 d0 5.0 Ma) v reverzni Gilbert epohi. Podatki nakazujejo možnost, da je jama nastala v mesinski stopnji, za katero je značilen padec morske gladine in razvoj globokega krasa v Mediteranu.Three profiles of caves sediments (Divača fossil cave, Divaška Jama and Trhlovca Cave) were studied in the Kras near Divača village. Mineralogical study proved relatively uniform mineral composition of the light fraction indicating the main source from weathered sediments of Eocene flysch. Some minerals are derived from weathering profiles and crusts (e.g. gibbsite). Detailed magnetostratigraphic investigations of three profiles defined normal and reverse polarity magnetozones and shows the correlation between the profiles in the Divaška Jama and Trhlovca Cave. The narrow normal magnetozones probably correlate with the Jaramillo polarity event (0.90 to 0.97 Ma) of the Matuyama epoch. Those data indicate the substantial age of cave in which the last phase of filling started before 0.97 Ma and finished before the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, i.e. around 0.73 Ma. Magnetostratigraphic data of the Divača profile detected two narrow normal magnetozones in the long reverse polarity zone which probably correlate with Olduvai and Reunion polarity events (about 1.67 to 1.87 Ma) of reverse Matuyama epoch or with some of normal magnetozones (about 3.8 to 5.0 Ma) within reverse Gilbert epoch. Data indicate the possibility that the cave was originated during the Messinian period characteristic by sea-level fall and evolution of deep karst in the Mediterranean Basin.
The deepest finding of an olm (Proteus anguinus): Zagorska peć, Ogulin, Croatia
Authors: Koller Šarić Katarina , Kovac Konrad Petra
Published: January 2018

During the field work in Zagorska peć cave in Croatia, the olm, Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768 was observed in a siphon at depth of 113 m. This was not only the first time that this troglobiotic amphibian was recorded at such depths but also the first time that its research was done by cave-divers in its natural environment, at depths greater than 50 m. As such research is dangerous and difficult there was no previous data on the vertical distribution of the olm in the cave system. Further in situ research will provide valuable insight into species’ environmental preferences and behaviour.Key words: deep dive, cave system, subterranean environment, the olm, vertical distribution.Najgloblja najdba močerila (Proteus anguinus): Zagorska peć, Ogulin, Hrvaška Močerila, Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768, smo med terenskim delom našli v sifonu jame Zagorska peć (Hrvaška), na globini 113 m. Poleg izjemne globine najdbe želimo poudariti, da gre za prvi primer opazovanja te jamske dvoživke v naravnem okolju, ki so ga jamski potapljači izvedli globlje od 50 m. Ker so tovrstni potopi nevarni in težavni, podatkov o vertikalni razporeditvi močerila v jamskih sistemih doslej še ni bilo. Nadaljnje raziskave in situ lahko prispevajo k boljšemu poznavanju močerilovih prednostnih okolij in vedenja.Ključne besede: globoki potop, jamski sistem, podzemlje, močeril, vertikalna razporeditev.
Ugo Sauro: Highlights of some human adventures in a karst environment: the case of the Monti Lessini (Venetian Prealps, Italy)
Authors: Sauro Ugo
Published: January 2018

The Monti Lessini, a mountain group located north of the town of Verona, has been the scene of many different human adventures, some of them related to the local karst environment and features. In particular, during the Late Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Modern Age, interesting undertakings linked with natural monuments and peculiarities of the karst environment, have involved famous people, cultural leaders of the time, as well as local inhabitants. Amongst celebrities there are hints that: 1) during the XIV century Dante Alighieri visited some karst cavities in the mountains, 2) during the XV century the famous painter Andrea Mantegna painted an image of the Ponte di Veja, a natural bridge, in the Camera degli Sposi of the Ducal Palace of Mantua. Of contemporary cultural leaders: 1) in the XVI century the pharmacist, Francesco Calceolari, created one of the first Wunderkammer in the world in Verona, an exhibition of curious objects collected in the mountains, 2) in 1739 the local priest, Gregorio Piccoli, began a description of paleontological cave fillings, proposed an interesting and in some respects modern interpretation of the geological history of the mountains. The local inhabitants of the mountain have been able not only to solve some of the environmental problems caused by the scarcity of surface water, but also to exploit some of the unusual resources such as ice trapped in caves. They also developed a system of producing ice and of storing it in cylindrical warehouses inspired by the local karst shafts. They understood aspects of the functioning of the karst geosystem, including underground karst hydrology and the dynamics of the epikarstic zone. Thus, here in the Lessini existence of the epikarst was understood by simple people long before the modern researchers. Key Words: Man and karst, understanding of the karst environment, exploitation of natural resources, Monti Lessini, Venetian Prealps, Italy.
Chemical composition and oxidative stability of jussara (Euterpe edulis M.) oil extracted by cold and hot mechanical pressing
Authors: Da Cunha A. L.A. , Freitas S. P. , Godoy R. L.O. , Cabral L. M.C. , Tonon R. V.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mechanical pressing on jussara oil yield, oxidative stability and carotenoid profile with or without heat application. Firstly, jussara pulp was centrifuged for juice extraction, and the resulting cake was dried until reaching 10% moisture content. Then, oil extraction was performed in an expeller press at 25 ºC (cold pressing) and at 50 ºC (hot pressing). The process performance was evaluated by the oil yield, and the crude jussara oil was characterized for fatty acid composition, acid value, carotenoid profile and oxidative stability. Jussara oil contained 74% unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic acids (48% and 24%, respectively). The oil yield was almost twice as high for the hot process as compared to the cold one. Additionally, hot pressing resulted in 25% higher total carotenoid content as compared to cold pressing, with β-carotene as the most abundant one. Hot and cold pressing showed no difference in oil oxidative stability and fatty acid composition.
Effect of pretreatment on the proximate composition, physicochemical characteristics and stability of Moringa peregrina oil
Authors: Sulaiman H. A. , Ahmad E. E.M. , Mariod AA. , Mathäus B. , Salaheldeen M.
Published: January 2018

The present research work was intended to study the influence of roasting and germination of the kernel seeds of Sudanese Moringa peregrina on the physicochemical characteristics and the oxidative stability of the extracted oil. Roasting was carried out at 180 ˚C for 25 minutes, whereas germination was done at ambient conditions in a wet jute bag for 5–7 days. The oil was extracted using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The results show that the oil contains α-tocopherols (152mg/kg) and oleic acid (above 70%) as the major tocols and fatty acids, respectively. Germination reduced the peroxide value and increased the acid value in a significant way (p < 0.05) whereas the opposite trend was noticed in the case of roasting. It is crucial to note that, with the exception of the acid value of the germinated sample, peroxide and acid values remained below one meq O2/Kg of oil and one mg KOH/g of oil, respectively. The oxidative stability of the oil from the roasted sample was increased almost by 80% compared to the raw one. Roasting of the kernels prior to oil extraction is imperative for improving its oxidation resistance and the physicochemical characteristics.
Optimization of methanol crystallization for highly efficient separation of palmitic acid from palm fatty acid mixture using response surface methodology
Authors: Japir A. A.W. , Salimon J. , Derawi D. , Yahaya B. H. , Jamil M. S.M. , Yusop M. R.
Published: January 2018

The objective of the current study was to develop parameters for the separation of palmitic acid (PA) from a crude palm oil saturated fatty acid (SFAs) mixture by using the methanol crystallization method. The conditions of methanol crystallization were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) with the D-optimal design. The procedure of developing the solvent crystallization method was based on various different parameters. The fatty acid composition was carried out using a gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) as fatty acid methyl esters. The highest percentage of SFAs was more than 96% with the percentage yield of 87.5% under the optimal conditions of fatty acids-to-methanol ratio of 1: 20 (w/v), the crystallization temperature of -15 °C, and the crystallization time of 24 hours, respectively. The composition of separated SFAs in the solid fraction contains 96.7% of palmitic acid (C16:0) as a dominant component and 3.3% of stearic acid (C18:0). The results showed that utilizing methanol as a crystallization solvent is recommended because of its high efficiency, low cost, stability, availability, comparative ease of recovery and its ability to form needle-like crystals which have good filtering and washing characteristics.
Calculation procedure for formulating lauric and palmitic fat blends based on the grouping of triacylglycerol melting points
Authors: Nusantoro B. P. , Yanty N. A.M. , Van de Walle D. , Hidayat C. , Danthine S. , Dewettinck K.
Published: January 2018

A calculation procedure for formulating lauric and palmitic fat blends has been developed based on grouping TAG melting points. This procedure offered more flexibility in choosing the initial fats and oils and eventually gave deeper insight into the existing chemical compositions and better prediction on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of the fat blends. The amount of high, medium and low melting TAGs could be adjusted using the given calculation procedure to obtain the desired functional properties in the fat blends. Solid fat contents and melting behavior of formulated fat blends showed particular patterns with respect to ratio adjustments of the melting TAG groups. These outcomes also suggested that both TAG species and their quantity had a significant influence on the crystallization behavior of the fat blends. Palmitic fat blends, in general, were found to exhibit higher SFC values than those of Lauric fat blends. Instead of the similarity in crystal microstructure, lauric fat blends were stabilized at β polymorph while palmitic fat blends were stabilized at β’ polymorph.
Walnut and almond oil screw-press extraction at industrial scale: Effects of process parameters on oil yield and quality
Authors: Martínez M. L. , Bordón M. G. , Bodoira R. M. , Penci M. C. , Ribotta P. D. , Maestri D. M.
Published: January 2018

Walnut and almond kernels are highly nutritious mainly due to their high oil contents. In this study, 32 factorial experimental designs were used to optimize processes for oil extraction by screw-pressing at industrial scale. Experimental designs included seed moisture content (SMC), and restriction die (RD) as the main processing parameters. Theoretical models were scanned against experimental data in order to optimize oil extraction conditions. The response variables analyzed were oil yield (OY), fine solid content (FC) in oil, and oil quality parameters. Fitted models for OY indicated maximum predicted values similar to the highest experimental values. Walnut oil extractions showed a maximum OY (84.5 ± 2.3 %) at 7.21% SMC, and 10 mm RD. For almond kernels, maximum OY (71.9 ± 3.5%) was obtained at 9.42% SMC, and 12 mm RD. Chemical quality parameters from both oils were in the ranges stated in Codex (FAO/WHO) standards for virgin (non-refined) oils.
Oxidation kinetics of hazelnut oil treated with ozone
Authors: Uzun H. , Ibanoglu E.
Published: January 2018

The present study investigates the oxidation kinetics of hazelnut oil ozonated in different treatment periods (1, 5, 60 and 180 min). The kinetic rate constant (k) was taken as the inverse of oxidation onset time (To) observing a linear relationship from the plot of lnTo to isothermal temperatures (373, 383, 393, and 403 K) carried out at differential scanning calorimetry. Kinetic parameters, activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) and entropy (ΔS‡) were calculated based on the Arrhenius equation and activated complex theory. k values showed an exponential rise with the increase of ozone treatment time. The increase in k correlated well with the increase in the peroxide and free fatty acid values of all samples. Ea and ∆H‡ of the ozone treated oils showed a reducing trend and reflected an increased oxidation sensitivity after ozone treatment. Consistently, an increase in ∆S‡ indicated a faster oxidation reaction with an increase in ozone exposure time. However, no significant difference was observed in k, Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡ (p < 0.05) as a function of storage period, after the hazelnut oil was treated with ozone for 1 min.
Modernisation of the Hymenoptera: ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies of the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of western North America
Authors: Archibald S. B. , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P. , Brothers Denis J. , Mathewes Rolf W.
Published: January 2018

Most major modern families of Hymenoptera were established in the Mesozoic, but the diversifications within ecologically key trophic guilds and lineages that significantly influence the character of modern terrestrial ecosystems – bees (Apiformes), ants (Formicidae), social Vespidae, parasitoids (Ichneumonidae), and phytophagous Tenthredinoidea – were previously known to occur mostly in the middle to late Eocene. We find these changes earlier, seen here in the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil deposits of western North America. Some of these may have occurred even earlier, but have been obscured by taphonomic processes. We provide an overview of the Okanagan Highlands Hymenoptera to family level and in some cases below that, with a minimum of 25 named families and at least 30 when those tentatively assigned or distinct at family level, but not named are included. Some are poorly known as fossils (Trigonalidae, Siricidae, Peradeniidae, Monomachidae), and some represent the oldest confirmed occurrences (Trigonalidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidaesensu stricto, Peradeniidae, Monomachidae, and possibly Halictidae). Some taxa previously thought to be relictual or extinct by the end of the Cretaceous (Angarosphecidae, Archaeoscoliinae, some Diapriidae) are present and sometimes abundant in the early Eocene. Living relatives of some taxa are now present in different climate regimes or on different continents.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Mediate Inflammation Resolution in Humans and Mice with Autoimmune Uveoretinitis
Authors: Jeong Hyun Jeong , Lee Hyun Ju , Ko Jung Hwa , Cho Bum-Joo , Park Se Yeon , Park Jong Woo , Choi Se Rang , Heo Jang Won , Yoon Sun-ok , Oh Joo Youn
Published: January 2018

Resolution of inflammation is an active process that leads to tissue homeostasis and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have recently emerged as important cellular components in the resolution of inflammation because of their activities to suppress T cell activation. In this article, we show that HLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+CD14+ human MDSCs and CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C+ mouse MDSCs markedly increased in patients and mice during and before the resolution phase of autoimmune uveoretinitis. CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytes isolated from autoimmune uveoretinitis mice were able to suppress T cell proliferation in culture, and adoptive transfer of the cells accelerated the remission of autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice. Alternatively, depletion of CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytes at the resolution phase, but not CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytes, exacerbated the disease. These findings collectively indicate that monocytic MDSCs serve as regulatory cells mediating the resolution of autoimmune uveoretinitis.
Critical Interactions between Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death, Oncolytic Viruses, and the Immune System Define the Rational Design of Combination Immunotherapies
Authors: van Vloten Jacob P. , Workenhe Samuel T. , Wootton Sarah K. , Mossman Karen L. , Bridle Byram W.
Published: January 2018

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are multimodal cancer therapeutics, with one of their dominant mechanisms being in situ vaccination. There is a growing consensus that optimal cancer therapies should generate robust tumor-specific immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a paradigm of cellular demise culminating in the spatiotemporal release of danger-associated molecular patterns that induce potent anticancer immunity. Alongside traditional ICD inducers like anthracycline chemotherapeutics and radiation, OVs have emerged as novel members of this class of therapeutics. OVs replicate in cancers and release tumor Ags, which are perceived as dangerous because of simultaneous expression of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate APCs. Therefore, OVs provide the target Ags and danger signals required to induce adaptive immune responses. This review discusses why OVs are attractive candidates for generating ICD, biological barriers limiting their success in the clinic, and groundbreaking strategies to potentiate ICD and antitumor immunity with rationally designed OV-based combination therapies.
Dendritic Cell–Based Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Santos Patricia M. , Butterfield Lisa H.
Published: January 2018

Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized immune cells that play a critical role in promoting an immune response against Ags, which can include foreign pathogenic Ags and self-tumor Ags. DC are capable of boosting a memory T cell response but most importantly they are effective initiators of naive T cell responses. Many years of studies have focused on the use of DC vaccines against cancer to initiate and shape an antitumor-specific immune response and/or boost existing spontaneous antitumor T cell responses. In this study we give a brief overview of DC biology, function, and cellular subsets, and review the current status of the field of DC as cancer vaccines.
Unlocking the Complexities of Tumor-Associated Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Chao Jaime L. , Savage Peter A.
Published: January 2018

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are found at elevated densities in many human cancers and are thought to be a major barrier to the generation of robust antitumor T cell responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of tumor-associated Treg cell diversity and function. Emerging evidence indicates that the transcriptional program of Treg cells infiltrating human cancers may represent a composite program blending a tissue-associated expression signature with an additional tumor-specific signature common to Treg cells from multiple cancer types. Studies in mouse models have defined unique molecular pathways required for Treg cell function in the tumor context that can be manipulated to selectively dampen intratumoral Treg cell activity. Finally, an expanding body of work has revealed diverse functions for Treg cells in nonlymphoid tissues that are unrelated to immune suppression, suggesting a need to explore functions of intratumoral Treg cells beyond the regulation of antitumor immunity.
Immune Cell Infiltration and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Determinants of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Engelhard Victor H. , Rodriguez Anthony B. , Mauldin Ileana S. , Woods Amber N. , Peske J. David , Slingluff Craig L.
Published: January 2018

Limited representation of intratumoral immune cells is a major barrier to tumor control. However, simply enhancing immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes or through adoptive transfer may not overcome the limited ability of tumor vasculature to support effector infiltration. An alternative is to promote a sustained immune response intratumorally. This idea has gained traction with the observation that many tumors are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which organizationally resemble lymph nodes. These peri- and intratumoral structures are usually, but not always, associated with positive prognoses in patients. Preclinical and clinical data support a role for TLS in modulating immunity in the tumor microenvironment. However, there appear to be varied functions of TLS, potentially based on their structure or location in relation to the tumor or the origin or location of the tumor itself. Understanding more about TLS development, composition, and function may offer new therapeutic opportunities to modulate antitumor immunity.
Hitting the Target: How T Cells Detect and Eliminate Tumors
Authors: Zamora Anthony E. , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Thomas Paul G.
Published: January 2018

The successes of antitumor immuno-based therapies and the application of next-generation sequencing to mutation profiling have produced insights into the specific targets of antitumor T cells. Mutated proteins have tremendous potential as targets for interventions using autologous T cells or engineered cell therapies and may serve as important correlates of efficacy for immunoregulatory interventions including immune checkpoint blockade. As mutated self, tumors present an exceptional case for host immunity, which has primarily evolved in response to foreign pathogens. Tumor Ags’ resemblance to self may limit immune recognition, but key features appear to be the same between antipathogen and antitumor responses. Determining which targets will make efficacious Ags and which responses might be elicited therapeutically are key questions for the field. Here we discuss current knowledge on antitumor specificity, the mutations that provide immunogenic targets, and how cross-reactivity and immunodominance may contribute to variation in immune responses among tumor types.
Primary Hypoparathyroidism Presenting as Basal Ganglia Calcification Secondary to Extreme Hypocalcemia
Authors: Marques Mendes Edite , Meireles-Brandão Lúcia , Meira Carla , Morais Nuno , Ribeiro Carlos , Guerra Diana
Published: January 2018

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by low serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. The most common cause is parathyroid iatrogenic surgical removal. However, innumerous and rarer conditions can cause hypoparathyroidism. The authors describe a 27-year-old man that presented in emergency department with confusion, amnesia and decreased attention span. A cerebral computed tomography revealed bilateral extensive calcification in the basal ganglia. A complete work-up revealed low serum calcium, high serum phosphorus and low parathyroid hormone, leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic primary hypoparathyroidism. Initial intravenous therapy with calcium gluconate and calcitriol was administered, with clinical and analytical improvement. The authors describe a rare condition, with an exuberant cerebral presentation and extreme hypocalcemia, which did not directly correlate to the severity of symptoms. Not only this is a treatable disorder that may have catastrophic results if overlooked but also its symptoms may be completely reversed with prompt treatment.
Addendum: Theology disrupted: Doing theology with children in African contexts
Authors: Mahlangu Elijah
Published: January 2018

No abstract available.
Infinitely many Solutions for Klein–Gordon–Maxwell System with Potentials Vanishing at Infinity
Authors: Chen Shang-Jie , Li Lin
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a nonlinear Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system with solitary waves solution is considered. Using critical point theory, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of Infinitely many radial solitary waves solutions.
Planar Traveling Waves of Mono-Stable Reaction-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Wang Xiaohuan
Published: January 2018

This paper is concerned with planar traveling wavefronts of mono-stable reaction-diffusion equations in

\mathbb{R}^n

(

n\geq2

). We show that the large time behavior of the disturbed fronts can be controlled by two functions, which are the solutions of the specified nonlinear parabolic equations in

\mathbb{R}^{n-1}

, and the planar traveling fronts are asymptotically stable in

L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)

under ergodic perturbations, which include quasi-periodic and almost periodic ones as special cases.
A Grobman–Hartman Theorem for Differential Equations with Piecewise Constant Arguments of Mixed Type
Authors: Pinto Manuel , Robledo Gonzalo
Published: January 2018

We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a uniformly and Hölder continuous homeomorphism between the solutions of a linear differential system with piecewise constant argument of generalized type and the solutions of a perturbed family. The main tool is a recently introduced definition of exponential dichotomy.
Physical Examinations by Pharmacists: Practising the Right Thing Makes Perfect
Authors: Mohammed Roxanna S D , Yeung Eugene Y H , Turgeon Ricky D
Published: January 2018

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Causing a Ruckus: Complicity and Performance in Stories of Port Moody
Authors: Hayes Matthew
Published: January 2018

This article is about the suicide of the chief of police of a small Canadian town, which - according to some - did not actually happen. While employed as a researcher and writer with a museum in Port Moody, British Columbia, the author heard this story as one of many told by the ‘old-timers’ who assisted with the writing of a history book. The controversy over the potential suicide provided the means by which this article reflects on issues of ethics, advocacy, and performance when doing public history. The main request of the old-timers was to ‘put the good stories in’ when writing the book. This expectation caused tension between the author and the museum, reflecting the divide between doing ‘history’ and ‘heritage’. This article draws on Anthropological theories of ‘complicity’ and performance in storytelling to make sense of the author’s role within the context of a museum working to record the stories of long-time residents. The stories of the old-timers were filtered through the lens of early 20th century ideas about gender, race, and class, and affected by a lingering frontier mentality. As such, they wished to see their town’s history told in a very specific way. The story of the police chief’s suicide betrayed this intent, allowing for an analysis of how these expectations can affect the way in which public history is done.