bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Credibility of Early Evidence of Arab Geographers About the Turks of Central Asia and the Caucasus
Authors: Asadov Farda
Published: May 2024

The article characterizes the sources and historical conditions for obtaining the earliest information about the Turks of Central Asia and the Caucasus in the first works of Arab geography literature. The importance of this information for achieving the political goals of the Caliphate government on the border with the nomadic Turks is pointed out. Special attention is paid to information about the Turks of Central Asia from two chapters of the Mashhad manuscript of the work of Ibn al-Fakikh al-Hamadani "Akhbar al-Buldan". It is noted that the Meshad manuscript of this monument of Arab geography literature of the beginning of the 10th century preserved the news of the time of the first contacts of Muslim Arabs with the Turks, characterized by open confrontation and struggle for control over the agricultural areas of Central Asia. At the same time, the news of Ibn alFakih makes enables to restore the stages of the gradual transformation of the perception of non-Muslim Turks in Muslim society, as well as to characterize the ideological struggle of the Muslim government aimed at ousting traditional beliefs and spreading Islam among the nomadic Turks. An examination of the composition of the two currently known versions of the text by Ibn al-Faqih gives grounds for the conclusion about the consistent editing of the text by Arab scribes in order to eliminate the first unfavorable images about the Turks that developed during the period of a fierce struggle for dominatin in Central Asia. The change of the images of nomadic Turks in Muslim public opinion and literature is demonstrated by references from the works of Arab authors who wrote in the era of the penetration and adaptation of the Turks in Muslim society and their gradual Islamization (IX-X centuries).
ფილიპე „კეთილის“ „ხოხბის ნადიმი“ და არშემდგარი ანტიოსმალური ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობა კონსტანტინოპოლის დასაბრუნებლად
Authors: ჯანჯღავა ლევან
Published: May 2024

„ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრის“ დეფინიციის ცვლილება 1291 წლიდან, ანუ წმინდა მიწაზე ჯვაროსნული ომების დასრულების შემდეგ დაიწყო. მიუხედავად იმისა „ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრის“ ინტერპრეტაცია არ შეცვლილა, იგი დარჩა როგორც: ევროპის ქრისტიანული ალიანსი აღმოსავლეთის სარაცენთა წინააღმდეგ. „ჯვაროსნული ლაშქამა“ XV საუკუნეში ახალი სახელი, „ანტიოსმალური ალიანსი“ მოირგო. მაგრამ უნდა აღინიშნოს, რომ ტერმინი „ჯვაროსნული ლაშქარი“ გამოიყენებოდა თითქმის ყველა ანტი-მუსლიმური კამპანიების დასახასიათებლად, 1291 წლის შემდეგაც.
როდესაც კონსტანტინოპოლი დაეცა ევროპა აშკარად შეშფოთებული უყურებდა ოსმალეთის აღზევებას. ჰორიზონტზე მეჰმეთ ფატიჰის იმპერია მოჩანდა. ევროპა არანირად არ იყო მზად ახალი კაიზერ-ი რუმის წინააღმდეგ ლაშქრობას, განსაკუთრებით თუ გავითვალისწინებთ რომ კონსტანტინოპოლის დაცემამდე მხოლოდ რამოდენიმე თვით ადრე დამთავრდა ას წლიანი ომი.
მხოლოდ ბურგუნდიის ჰერცოგმა, ფილიპე III კეთილმა გადადგა ეს გულადი ნაბიჯი. კონსტანტინოპოლის დაცემიდან რამოდენიმე კვირაში მან მის გამორჩეულად საყვარელ ლილის სასახლეში გამართა ნადიმი. ნადიმს, რომელსაც სახელად „ხოხბის ნადიმი“ ეწოდა, ასზე მეტი სტუმარი ეწვია. სტუმრები თავადები და ევროპული ჯარების მაღალი რანგის წევები იყვნენ. სტუმრების დიდი ნაწილი კი ფილიპეს ოქროს საწმისის ორდენის წევრები იყვნენ.
ხოხბის ნადიმი გამოიჩევა იმით რომ იმ საღამოს, ფილიპმა ფიცი დადო რომ იგი ყველაფერს იზამდა რათა კონსტანტინოპოლი და შემდეგ იერუსალიმი გაენთავისუფლებინა მუსლიმთაგან.
მიუხედავად მისი უდიდესი ძალისხმევისა და მცდელობისა, ფილიპმა ევროპა ვერ დაიყოლია. იგი გარდაიცვალა შიშით, რომ მას ღმერთი განსჯიდა რათა მან ვერ მოახერხა კონსტანტინოპოლის დაბრუნება.
ოსტ-ინდოეთის სავაჭრო კომპანიის სათავეებთან
Authors: ბელთაძე იზოლდა
Published: May 2024

ჩვენ მიზნად დავისახეთ შეგვესწავლა XVI-XVIII საუკუნეების ინგლისის ეკონომიკური ისტორიიდან, ინგლისის ერთ-ერთი მდიდარი საპაიო კომპანიის ოსტ-ინდოეთის წარმოშობის წინაპირობები, მისი თავდაპირველი კაპიტალი, მოგება და მნიშვნელობა ინგლისის კოლონიურ ექსპანსიაში.
ირკვევა, რომ ინგლისში ოსტ-ინდოეთის საპაიო კომპანიის დაარსება განაპირობა მთელმა რიგმა ფაქტორებმა:მაუდის მრეწველობის, ვაჭრობის განვითარებამ (1507 წლიდან - ი.ბ), ლონდონის ვაჭარ-ავანტიურისტთა კომპანიის არსებობამ (რომელიც ეწეოდა მხოლოდ კონტინენტურ ვაჭრობას), რომლისგანაც გამოიყო მდიდარი ვაჭრები საპაიო კომპანიაში გასაერთიანებლად, კაპიტალიზმის განვითარებამ, საზღვაო გზების გადანაცვლებამ აღმოსავლეთში, ინგლისური მაუდის გასაღების და ნედლეულის (აბრეშუმის, ბამბის) ბაზების ძიებამ.
ყოველივე ამან ხელი შეუწყო საპაიო კომპანიის შექმნას, რომელსაც ბრუნვაში ჰქონდა უფრო დიდი კაპიტალი, და ქვეყნისათვის მოჰქონდა უფრო დიდი მოგება, ვიდრე ლონდონის ავანტიურისტთა კომპანიას.
ეს კომპანია დაარსდა 1600 წელს ინგლისის დედოფალ ელისაბედ პირველის დროს (1558 1603 წწ), რომელმაც ქარტიით მიიღო მონოპოლიური უფლება აზიაში, აფრიკაში, ამერიკაში და ყველა კუნძულზე დაწყებული კეთილი იმედის კონცხიდან მაგელანის სრუტემდე. ეს კომპანია თავიდანვე ეწეოდა საქონლის არაექვივალენტურ, ბარტერულ გაცვლას, რითაც იღებდა დიდძალ მოგებას, რაც ფარავდა საბაჟო გადასახადების და საქონლის ტრანსპორტირების ხარჯებს.
სამრეწველო რევოლუციის შემდეგ კი, XVIII - დან ინგლისიდან ოსტ-ინდოეთში შეჰქონდათ ლითონები, გამოჰქონდათ ისევ სანელებლები, ბამბის და აბრეშუმის ნედლეული, მარილი, ჩაი, კალიუმის ნიტრატი, ოპიუმი და სხვა საქონელი.
ოსტ-ინდოეთის კომპანია შემდეგში არ შემოიფარგლებოდა მარტო ინდოეთთან ვაჭრობით. ისუკავშირდება ირანს და იაპონიასაც. კომპანიის მოგება იმდენად დიდი ყოფილა, რომ XVIII ს-ში მის კაპიტალსმიუღწევია 6 მლნ ფუნტ სტერლინგამდე.
ამრიგად, ოსტ - ინდოეთის საპაიო კომპანიამ მნიშვნელოვანი როლი შეასრულა ინგლისური მაუდის გასაღების ბაზრების პოვნაში, აღმოსავლური ნედლეულის აბრეშუმის, ბამბის შემოტანაში, საბრუნავი კაპიტალის გაზრდაში, რაც მიიღეს აღმოსავლეთის პროდუქტების: პილპილის, მიხაკ-დარიჩინის, ინდიგოს, ჯავზის და სხვა საქონლის ზედმეტ ფასებში გაყიდვის გზით, კოლონიური იმპერიის შექმნაში, სამხრეთ და სამხრეთ-აღმოსავლეთ აზიის დაუფლებაში.
sA სუფიქსის ფუნქცია თურქულ ენაში
Authors: ქამუშაძე გიგა
Published: May 2024

აღნიშნულ სტატიაში გამოვიკვლიეთ სუფიქსი -sA, რომელიც განეკუთვნება თხრობითი კილოს ფორმას და გრამატიკულ სახელმძღვანელოებში მოხსენიებულია, როგორც პირობით - ნატვრითი კილო. ჩამოყალიბების რამდენიმე ეტაპი განვლო: ძველ თურქულში -sar, -ser ფორმით გამოიყენებოდა, შემდგომ კი -r ბგერის დაკარგვით -sa, -se ფორმა მიიღო. -sa/-se სუფიქსს, საშუალო თურქულიდან მოყოლებული, ფორმობლივ-სტრუქტურულად ორი სხვადასხვა კილოს წარმოების ფუნქცია აკისრია. უნდა აღინიშნოს, რომ ეს ვითარება დღევანდელ თურქულშიც ნარჩუნდება. ფორმისა და ფუნქციის თვალსაზრისით, ორი სხვადასხვა სუფიქსის დროთა განმავლობაში შეერთების გამოა, რომ მან შეითავსა ორი ფუნქცია, გამოხატოს ნატვრითი და პირობითი კილო. თურქული ენის გრამატიკის სახელმძღვანელოებშიც მას აკისრია პირობით-ნატვრითი კილოს (dilek-şart) გამოხატვა.
კვლევის შედეგად დადგინდა, რომ სუფიქსს აქვს „სურვილის, პირობის, ბრძანების, შესაძლებლობის, შედარების, კონტრასტული და სურვილის, აგრეთვე, პირობის გამოხატვის ფუნქციები, განსხვავდება არსებითი და ზმნის მიხედვით. მნიშვნელოვანია მარტივი და რთული წინადადება, მარტივი და რთული ზმნები. შესაბამისად, სუფიქსს „სურვილი“-ს ფუნქციაა ზმნურ ფრაზებში, მარტივ წინადადებებსა და ზმნის მარტივ ფორმებში კი მას აქვს „პირობის“ ფუნქცია.
კულტურულ - სპეციფიკური სიტყვების თარგმანი „ვეფხისტყაოსნის“ თურქულ თარგმანში
Authors: ნიქაბაძე ნონა
Published: May 2024

ნაშრომში წარმოგიდგენთ „ვეფხისტყაოსნის“ თურქული თარგმანის კულტურულ სპეციფიკური ფაქტორებით განპირობებულ სირთულეებს. ტექსტების შედარების საფუძველზე ემპირიულად დავადგენთ ორიგინალი ტექსტის სამიზნე ტექსტთან სიახლოვეს და შევაფასებთ თარგმანის მხატვრულობას. მხატვრული ტექსტის თარგმანის ხარისხის შეფასებისას განსაკუთრებული მნიშვნელობა ენიჭება წყარო-ტექსტში გამოყენებული მხატვრული საშუალებების მიზან-ტექსტში გადატანის საკითხს, როგორიცაა, მაგალითად, ეპიტეთებისა და მეტაფორების გადატანა „ვეფისტყაოსნის“ თურქულ თარგმანში. ასევე საყურადღებოა სოციოკულტურული კონცეპტების თარგმანიც.
ჩვენი მიზანია, გამოვიკვლიოთ ეკვივალენტების შერჩევის პრინციპი და შევაფასოთ მთარგმნელის სტრატეგიები.
გოჩა ჯაფარიძე - გახსენება
Authors: ახალკაციშვილი გიორგი
Published: May 2024

გოჩა ჯაფარიძე - გახსენება
Enhancing Agricultural Production Systems Through Novel Mathematical Modelling for Optimizing Plant Maintenance Planning
Authors: Simarmata Gayus , Suwilo Saib , Sitompul Opim Salim , Sutarman Sutarman
Published: May 2024

Operational planning within agricultural production systems plays a pivotal role in facilitating farmers’ decision-making processes. This study endeavors to introduce a novel mathematical model aimed at optimizing plant maintenance planning. The conceptual framework of this model hinges upon the efficient allocation of labor, optimal utilization of machinery, and strategic scheduling within a designated timeframe to ensure the preservation of harvest quality. The planning intricacies are encapsulated through the utilization of a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming. The outcome of this study is the decrease in agricultural waste, which enhances the sustainability of production by directly affecting the utilization of natural resources. This is a crucial finding because many existing optimization models in the literature prioritize cost minimization.
Character Education Values in Traditional Dance Extracurricular Activities in Elementary Schools
Authors: . Trivena , Kabanga Theresyam , . Hakpantria , Langi Weryanti Laen , La’biran Roni , . Sanda , Nyho Melanie
Published: May 2024

This research aims to describe the values applied in extracurricular dance activities at SDN 4 Kesu’. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this research are teachers who conduct traditional dance extracurricular activities at elementary schools. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analysed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages. The results show that traditional dance extracurricular activities not only train students in dance movements but also apply the values found in traditional dance and then interpret them into character education values. The character education values found in traditional dance extracurricular activities are religious values, tolerance, discipline, hard work, independence, curiosity, environmental care, social care, and responsibility. Teachers play a pivotal role in instilling character values by continuously guiding and directing students. This approach is key to imparting and transmitting positive values to students. In the context of dance extracurricular activities, this can be achieved through several practices: ensuring students arrive at school on time before practice begins, and starting and ending every session with a prayer.
Evaluation of The Internal Structure and Factorial Invariance of the SCS-SF Self-Compassion Scale in Peruvians and Mexicans
Authors: Rosario-Quiroz Fernando Joel , Ardela-Cabrera Christian , Altamirano-Carrasco Sussetty del Pilar , Morí-Holguín Jesús Yolanda , Leiva-Bazán Zulema Daria , Aguilar-Mori Karim , Vallejos-Tafur Juan Britman , León-Ramírez Segundo Víctor
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity, reliability and factorial consistency of the SCS-SF self-compassion scale in university students from Peru and Mexico. A sample of 378 Peruvian and 431 Mexican participants, aged between 18 and 27 years, was collected. A statistical analysis of the items was carried out, confirming that the 6-factor factorial model showed the best fit indices. In addition, significant correlations were found between self-compassion, resilience and life satisfaction, supporting criterion validity. Configural, metric, scalar and residual invariance between the samples from both countries was demonstrated. In conclusion, it was determined that the SCS-SF scale presents satisfactory levels of reliability, validity and equivalence for its application in university students in both Peru and Mexico.
International Organisations' Contributions to Establishing and Safeguarding Global Legal Standards and Financial Stability
Authors: Pasternak Igor , Krap Andrii , Yastrubetska Lesya , Grytsyshen Dymytrii , Sergiienko Larysa
Published: May 2024

This article explores the roles and distinctive characteristics of major global institutions, including the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), Council of Europe (CoE), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and World Trade Organization (WTO). It offers a concise overview of international organisations as collaborative partnerships among states with defined objectives while also analysing the underlying motivations for their establishment. The study employs diverse investigative methodologies, including thorough literature reviews and statistical analyses, to examine core concepts such as “legal order”, “international legal order”, “international security”, and “global security”. It takes a historical perspective to trace the evolution of international organisations and utilises generalisation and diagnostic techniques to offer practical recommendations and reach conclusions. The article differentiates between “international security? and “global security”, underscoring the latter’s broader scope. Furthermore, it underscores the pivotal role of the United Nations (UN) in safeguarding global peace, fostering amicable ties among nations, advancing international collaboration, and acting as a forum for coordinating various national endeavours. International organisations, spearheaded by the United Nations (UN), are pivotal in upholding the international legal framework and safeguarding global security in the face of ever-evolving challenges and threats.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Moneter Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia
Authors: Amanda Dwi Lestari  , Greyuni Grace Tambunan  , Raden Fadhilla Salsabila  , Avrahersatiadi Ricco Galang Erlangga  , Maunisa Widya Zalianty  , Nurlela  , Disya Ayu Rivtryana
Published: May 2024

Monetary policy is a policy that can influence the Indonesian economy. Interest rates are one of the instruments in monetary policy. This research aims to determine the effect of interest rates on income inequality in Indonesia. The data used is secondary time series data for the period 2014 – 2023 obtained from BPS and BI using the simple linear regression method. This research shows that monetary policy on interest rates has an insignificant effect on income inequality in Indonesia. The interest rate only influences income inequality by 35% and 65% is influenced by other factors that were not studied.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMROGAMAN DASAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KOMPUTASI DI MAN 5 AGAM
Authors: Fikri Muhammad  , Dedi Efendi  , Riri Okra
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In process in basic programming subjects still using Powerpoint media. Scratch module based learning media is a module that explains about the Scratch programming language. The purpose of this study is to study the differences in student learning outcomes before and using modules and to determine students' thinking skills using modules. This research method is research and development (R&D) with one group pretest postest design research design is the design used in this study and uses the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, implementatiion, & Evaluation). Assessment Results from Dr. Scratch get the average value of students' ability to think Competency after using the Scratch module is 9.74 for questions number 1, 10.61 the average for questions number 2, 9.77 average for questions number 3, 14.00 averages average for question number 4. Can refute students' thinking abilities good.
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA TERHADAP RESPON SISWA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KARTU BERGAMBAR KREATIF PADA TOPIK TRANSFORMASI ENERGI DI SEKITAR KITA PADA SISWA KELAS 4 DI SDN DUKUH PUNDONG 2 JOMBANG
Authors: Chantika Bahtra Dewi  , Muhammad Nuruddin
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to find out how media is implemented on student responses in developing creative picture card media at SDN Dukuh Pundong 2 Jombang. The method used in the research is the RnD method which is usually used in development methods, but this research focuses on the Barg and Gall theory which has been modified by Sugiyono (2010). The subjects used in this research were fourth grade students at SDN Dukuh Pundong 2 Jombang, where there were 20 students in one class. Then the data collection instruments used in this research were observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaire sheets. This research also found several results where the learning process carried out at SDN Dukuh Pundong 2 Jombang still used the lecture method and the media used was still very minimal. Meanwhile, the obstacles that occur at this school during the learning process are that students are still not directly required to be more active, students do direct practice with media, there is no media used that is related to P5 learning and students at SDN Dukuh Pundong 2 Jombang are not enthusiastic when in class. especially in science learning regarding the topic of energy transformation around us.
LANGKAH PROAKTIF MAHASISWA DALAM MEMBANGUN BUDAYA LITERASI MENUJU MASYARAKAT YANG LEBIH BERPENGETAHUAN
Authors: Yuni Sri Rezeki  , Veronika Azarya Hotmaida  , Ichsan Fauzi Rachman
Published: May 2024

This research aims to find out how students can be proactive in building literacy towards a knowledgeable society in the digital era. This research uses a literature study method with stages; literature study, data collection and analysis. This research discusses how literacy has become the main key to the success and development of society in today's rapidly developing digital era. As important agents of change, students have a significant role in forming a strong literacy culture and building a more knowledgeable society in the digital era. Changing policies through forums or student organizations is a proactive way to make changes in digital literacy education. Students can encourage the inclusion of digital literacy curricula at all levels of education and encourage additional resources to help students and the broader community understand digital issues. This can be achieved by developing proposals, meeting with universities or educational policy makers, and holding awareness campaigns. We can also work with libraries and other community organizations to organize digital literacy workshops, especially for underserved groups such as the elderly who do not have the necessary skills to utilize digital resources.
HIERARKI PENGARUH DALAM KEBIJAKAN LISENSI KONTEN TELEVISI UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE DI SCTV
Authors: Fauzan Rasyid Nabawi  , Riyanda Lastthio  , Rindu Putri Nazareni  , Salsa Layyinun Nadzifah  , Pia Khoirotun Nisa
Published: May 2024

Dari sekian banyaknya acara olahraga di televisi, salah satunya yang paling digemari yaitu pertandingan sepakbola, banyak orang yang tidak kenal waktu dalam menonton pertandingan sepakbola di televisi, mulai dari sore, malam bahkan rela begadang demi menonton pertandingan sepabola di televisi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hierarki pengaruh kebijakan lisensi penayangan Champions League di stasiun televisi SCTV dan untuk mengetahui level mana yang paling berpengaruh pada pembentukan kebijakan lisensi konten televisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan permasalahan dan focus penelitian. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 5 level jika dikaitkan dengan Hierarki pengaruh memengaruhi kebijakan lisensi konten televisi, khususnya dalam kasus siaran Champions League di SCTV. Dan level yang paling berpengaruh yaitu level rutinitas media dan juga level ideologi media.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID STENOSIS
Authors: Buttner T. , Jafarov F. , Shiraliyeva R.
Published: May 2024

This article described the diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenoses based on the main directions of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies of Germany (AWMF). Atherosclerotic accumulations in the extracranial part of the carotid artery are detected mainly using ultrasound. Epidemiological studies show that 1-3% of older adults have a degree of carotid stenosis greater than 50%. In people over 65 years of age, the prevalence increases to 6-15%. Progression of accumulation and thrombus formation can become cerebral ischemia. In this case, the spectrum of clinical symptoms can expand from transient ischemic attack to disability and stroke with fatal. With stenoses less than 50%, the risk of stroke is 1-2%. With 80% stenosis - 2-5%, with stenosis more than 90% - from 10% to 20%, depending on the collateral circulation.
SOME PROBLEMS OF DIAGNOSIS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) IN CHILDREN
Authors: Mammadova M.M. , Rahimova I.B.
Published: May 2024

Deficiency of attention and syndrome of a hyperactivity is a social problem and also makes 5% from all diseases. The genetic mechanisms, pregnancy and childbirth patalogy play an important role in illness formation. The main clinical symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. In ADHC low age range is 3-4 years. The maximum development period of the disease coincides with the disease at the age of 7-12. During the period of adolescent impulsiveness, sometimes aggression comes to the fore. In diagnostic of ADHC. The SNAP-IV scale is favourable.
ON THE CLINICS AND DIAGNOSIS OF EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: Abasova N.N. , Alekperova S.P. , Isayeva N.J.
Published: May 2024

Early childhood is characterized by a continuous process of development of structures and functions of organism, especially central nervous system. The concept of epileptic encephalopathy is based on the assumption that the aggressive epileptic activity during the maturation of the brain is the main causal factor in cognitive and neuropsychological impairment or regress. With age, EEG signs of evolving consistent with the transition into each another. Currently the diagnosis criteria are not well developed and the treatment options are very limited, whereby patients cannot receive adequate treatment that further aggravates encephalopathy. Unfortunately clinicians are often unable to diagnose also benign epileptic syndromes.
SYNDROME OF INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION (DISTENSION) IN CHILDREN
Authors: Rzaiev R.N. , Aliev Z.M.
Published: May 2024

The syndrome of «intracranial hypertension» is often used in the daily practice of pediatricians and child neurologists. Unjustified establishment of this diagnosis leads to unnecessary prescriptions of diuretics, and it leads to complications (infringement of action of the kidneys, changes in electrolyte balance, etc.). The following diagnostic criteria of intracranial hypertension and distension are proposed: - Clinical symptoms: rapid increase in the size of the head, including a tension of prefontanel, and extension of the cranial sutures, frequent vomiting which is not related to food, restriction of the movement of the eyeballs upward and to the side, exophthalmia, convergent strabismus. These features should be confirmed by additional criteria. - Fundus examination: edema, swelling of the optic disc, expansion and tortuosity of the veins, the development of secondary atrophy of the optic nerve. - The results of sonography. - The results of CT- and MRI- examinations of the brain.
COMPLEX NEUROOTHOPEDICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SPASTIC FORMS OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER
Authors: Zherdev K. , Chelpachenko O. , Mamediyarov A.
Published: May 2024

Neuroorthopedical aspects of the treatment of children with cerebral palsy include orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery and functional orthotics. The primary efficacy neuroorthopedic treatment is the acquisition of a child with cerebral palsy more stable posture compared with the natural course of the disease and the prevention of loss of already formed skills in a child with cerebral palsy.
PHYSICAL METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY
Authors: Musayev A.V. , Huseynova S.G. , Imamverdiyeva S.S.
Published: May 2024

The efficiency of use of low-frequency impulse complexly modulated electromagnetic field (ICM EMF), and pelotherapy in 114 patients with various severity degrees of diabetic polineyropathy (DPN) was studied. Based on the comlex clinical and electroneuromyographic study, showed that ICM EMF and peloidotherapy promote regression of the main clinical symptoms of DPN, improve functional status of neyromotor system, and the quality of life of the patients. It is, established that on the influence of ICM EMF mechanism the conducting functions of the peripheral nerves has improved. Also the therapeutic action of peloitherapy implements by the improvement of the affer-ent structure. The results allow including physical factors to the treatment of DPN patients.
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Shiraliyeva R.K. , Mammadbayli A.K.
Published: May 2024

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disorder with predilection to early childhood. ADEM is generally considered a monophasic disease. ADEM often occurs postinfectiously although a casual relationship has never been established. ADEM is clinically defined by acute polyfocal neurologic deficits including encephalopathy. MRI typically demonstrates reversible, ill-defined white matter lesions of the brain and often also the spinal cord, along with frequent involvement of thalamy and basal ganglia. CSF analysis may reveal a mild pleocytosis and elevated protein, but is generally negative for intrathecal oligoclonal immunoglobulin G synthesis. In the absence of a specific diagnostic test, ADEM is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. The role of biomarkers, including autoantibodies like antimyelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein, in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ADEM is currently under debate. Based on the presumed autoimmune etiology of ADEM, the current treatment approach consists of early immunotherapy. Outcome of ADEM in pediatric patients is generally favorable, but cognitive deficits have been reported even in the absence of other neurologic sequelae. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, neuroimaging features CFS findings, differential diagnosis, therapy, and outcome, with focus on recent advances and controversies.
THE INCIDENCE OF STROKE RISK FACTORS, DEPENDING ON THE LATERALITY OF THE LESION
Authors: Shamuratova G.B. , Mirzayeva N.S.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of occurrence of risk factors of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke, by taking into account the lateralization of the lesion. The study was conducted with 322 subjects in Khorezm region, Uzbekistan, who had previously suffered from ischemic stroke in their hemispheres. Thus, a secondary prevention of cerebral stroke should be conducted with the lesion that will significantly reduce number of cases of recurrent stroke.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIORELAXANT "MUSCOMED" IN PATIENTS WITH MUSCULAR-TONIC SYNDROME CAUSED BY OSTEOCHONDROSIS OF THE SPINE
Authors: Magalov Sh.I. , Bagirova H.F. , Melikova Sh.Y. , Aliyeva K.K.
Published: May 2024

A clinical study of the efficacy and tolerability of the drug “Muscomed” in the complex treatment of 60 patients with muscular-tonic syndromes caused by osteochondrosis of various parts of the spine was carried out. In the control group (n = 30), conventional drug therapy (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, therapy with vitamins, physiotherapy, massage) was performed, as well as intramuscular injection of muscle relaxant “Muscomed” in a dosage of 2 ml for 6 days. In the main group (n = 30), along with the aforementioned complex of treatment for patients, an external application of 0.25% cream of “Muscomed” was proposed for the entire treatment period. As a result of the treatment, the effectiveness and tolerability of “Muscomed” was more pronounced in patients in the main group.
NEUROVEGETATIVE DISORDERS IN MEN AND WOMEN SUFFERING FROM TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Authors: Gafurov B.G. , Urinov M.B.
Published: May 2024

This work shows presence and expressiveness of the syndrome of vegetative dystonia (VDS) and anxiety in the emotional sphere in 372 patients suffering from idiopathic form of neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve (TNN). It was found that intensity of the accompanying psychovegetative disorders in TNN prevailed in the group of women and in the age over 45 years irrespectively of the gender of patients. In the group of men the degree of the VDS and anxiety in the emotional sphere prevailed in the right form of damage, and in the group of women was type of the left lateral damage. The authors suggest that the data obtained should be taking into account during choice of vegetotropic and psychotropic drugs in the range of complex therapy of TNN.
CLINICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY PEOPLE, LIVING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC, BISHKEK
Authors: Musabekova T.O. , Andrianova E.V. , Rysalieva N.T. , Akunova B.E. , Peredereeva E.S. , Myrsaev J.T.
Published: May 2024

Neurological, neuropsychological and cardiointervalographic research was conducted in 49 middle-aged and 13-elderly people, university and secondary school staff, to determine the predictors of cerebrovascular diseases. Violations of the diet, fluid intake, sleep-wakefulness, headache existence, accompanied by microfocal neurological symptoms, psychoemotional dysfunction, which become more pronounced with age, were detected. A disturbance in the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system was revealed during the clino-orthostatic test according to the cardiovascular parameters in 23 (57%) middle-aged and 6 (50%) elderly people.
DEMENTIA AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM OF XXI CENTURY
Authors: Abdukadirova D.T. , Maksudova D.Yu.
Published: May 2024

Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus is an important medical and social problem. The article covers aspects of pathogenesis and treatment approaches of cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus; in particular Tanacan as a treatment option for correction of cognitive status in patients with diabetes mellitus.
APPLICATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD OF STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION MODEL TO IMPROVE ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR CLASS X STUDENTS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH DARUL FIKRI SIDOARJO
Authors: Adi Destantya Asa Nusantara , Anwar Najih
Published: May 2024

This article aims to find out how the cooperative learning method of the student team achievement division model is applied in Arabic language subjects and the effectiveness of the cooperative learning method of the student team achievement division model on the Arabic language learning outcomes of class X students at Madrasah Aliyah Darul Fikri Sidoarjo. This article uses classroom action research (PTK) carried out using qualitative and quantitative approaches. A qualitative approach was taken to analyze changes in students during the implementation of actions until changes occurred, namely by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. A quantitative approach was taken to determine the effectiveness of learning strategies on student learning outcomes. The population taken by the author was all students in class X of the Madrasah Aliyah Darul Fikri religious program (PK), totaling 18 students. The results of this research are the cooperative learning method using the Student Team Achievement Division model, which is carried out by dividing students with diverse Arabic language mastery into one group to help each other understand the learning material and after data processing it was found that the Cooperative Learning Method using the Student Team Achievement Division model was improving students' Arabic learning outcomes as evidenced by Increased percentage of student absorption rate
THE APPLICATION OF UNO CARD GAME TO IMPROVE MASTERY OF MATERIAL AL ‘ADAD AL MUFROD AL ‘ASHLI WA AT TARTIBI CLASS X MA BILINGUAL JUNWANGI KRIAN
Authors: Ashari Safira Rahmawati , Anwar Najih
Published: May 2024

There are 3 elements in learning Arabic, namely, sound elements (ashwat), vocabulary elements (mufradat) and sentence structure elements (tarkib) and all of them are regulated by Arabic grammar sciences such as, balaghah science, sharaf science, nahwu science. The science of nahwu studies the layout of sentences and the end of the harakat in a word. Some of the nahwu material, one of which is Al 'adad which is found in the discussion of isim or nouns. Based on observations made in class X MA Bilingual Junwangi Krian Sidoarjo, where Al 'adad material is usually taught in a traditional way, boring and lack of innovation, so that students often have difficulty understanding it, it is necessary to use the UNO card game media. The purpose of this study was to determine how the application and improvement of mastery of Al 'Adad Al Mufrod Al 'Ashli wa At Tartibi material by using UNO card game media. The research method used is classroom action research with data collection techniques including; tests, observations, interviews and documentation. The results showed that, first, the application of the UNO card game is guided by the teacher in a group of 5 students, the teacher explains the game procedure, and students start playing cards and give examples of sentences until the card runs out, for habituation, the game is done 2-3 times. Second, the use of UNO card game media can improve the mastery of Al 'Adad A l Mufrod Al ‘Ashli wa At Tartibi with student learning completeness which continues to increase from 50% to 100% and from a value that reaches KKM 85 only 20% to 90%. It can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of UNO card game media to improve mastery of the material Al 'Adad Al Mufrod Al 'Ashli wa At Tartibi.
MARKETING STRATEGY FOR 109 PILLOW THROUGH TIK TOK LIVE (STUDY AT PT SEMOGA BERKAH SUKSES GROUP
Authors: Ramadhani Mochammad Gilang , Febriana Poppy
Published: May 2024

The whole world knows that there has been a pandemic phenomenon for 2 years in all countries including Indonesia, this has made some people's habits change, including in buying a product or shopping. The existence of social media is now not only used as a means of entertainment, but as a modern marketing tool used by many businesses to reach buyers on a large scale. This study aims to analyze what Social Commerce Strategy is carried out by PT. Semoga Berkah Sukses Group or more familiarly known as 109 Pillow Official through the Tik Tok Live feature to increase sales. This study uses a qualitative method approach with an analytical descriptive model. Data collection was carried out through observation, documentation studies and interviews with 109 Pillow owners and their Live Hosts. The results of this study indicate that consistently live streaming by implementing several strategies optimally is the biggest cause of increased sales.
Web-Based E-Tatib Information System Case Study at State Vocational High School 1 Jabon Sidoarjo Sistem Informasi E-Tatib Berbasis Web Studi Kasus di SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo
Authors: Hasan Jamal , Rosid Mochamad Alfan , Eviyanti Ade , Setiawan Hamzah
Published: May 2024

This research was conducted because the need for an increasingly stringent Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the industrial world. With the existence of SOPs in the world of education industry, of course, they have to match the needs according to existing standards. SMK Negeri 1 Jabon Sidoarjo formed a Team of Rules (Tatib) which implemented SOPs in accordance with Industrial World standards. Handling related to Tatib is still done manually using a book. Of course, with manual recording, efficiency in processing time and reporting is constrained if needed in a short time. The recording process begins with the admin entering the master data required by the information system, then the teacher enters the recording of student violations. The final process for the Counseling Guidance (BK) team can see the number of range points that have been stored and will then make reports outside the information system. That way the process makes the work of the BK team more accurate and faster
Digital Transformation in Marriage Administration: Analysis of The Implementation of the ELSIMIL Application in Marriage Registration
Authors: Syatta Indy Mafiiqo
Published: May 2024

This article aims to identify implementations, constraints, and technical challenges in using digital applications. Elektronik Siap Nikah dan Hamil (ELSIMIL) was created to provide convenience for every citizen in supporting stunting reduction policies. The government has been present to improve public administration through digital transformation so it is expected to be useful in improving public services. A juridical empirical approach with descriptive-analytical methods is used in this study through a case study at KUA Purworejo, Pasuruan. The data obtained is then analyzed to identify the usefulness of this application in public administration. The results showed that the implementation of ELSIMIL went well and was considered able to identify prospective brides who had health risks, the "ideal" and "risky" records were considered able to reduce the number of prospective brides who had health risks. This application is considered useful by all parties, even though people in rural areas still have obstacles in accessing this application. Applications that are considered by the community and the state to have benefits and justice are certainly inseparable from social, cultural, and technological conditions and situations. If compared with previous research, this study can be an important part of evaluating the use of digital applications in improving the quality of public services based on justice and welfare. The state needs to carry out massive, structured, and systematic socialization by improving internet technology infrastructure
Breaking Barriers: Women's Political Mobilization in Rural Village Head Elections
Authors: Pravidjayanto Mochammad Rafi
Published: May 2024

This article describes the victory of female Village Head candidates in Village Head elections as a rare occurrence, mainly due to women's lack of access to leadership positions due to a solid patriarchal culture. However, once elected, women proved to have the competence to lead, demonstrating that women can be leaders at the village level. Cultural shifts, especially in Javanese culture, have allowed women to be involved in the public sphere, including in organizations such as Family Empowerment and Welfare (PKK), Dasawisma, and others. This study uses a qualitative approach and case study method to examine the victory of female Village Head candidates. Data was obtained through observation, dialog, and in-depth interviews. The results show that women can gather and mobilize political power from various sources to influence voters and dominate the dynamics of village democracy. Leadership habitus, symbolic domination, hegemony of social institutions, and kinship are the main instruments utilized by female Village Head candidates. They utilize leadership experience in kinship institutions and social kinship to win the Village Head election. Despite challenges such as cultural stigma and limited resources, these women demonstrated the ability to navigate and change the dynamics of rural democracy. This study contributes to an important discourse on women's democracy
Towards Addressing Challenges of Achieving Force Account Targets in Tanzania: The Case of Construction Projects Supervised by the Mbeya University of Science and Technology Consultancy Bureau
Authors: Massawe Justus
Published: May 2024

With three main objectives in mind: cost reduction, a shortened timeline, and higher quality, Political influence has used the force account technique extensively in Tanzania since 2016. This led to a range of procurement-related force account difficulties for the public in construction projects. By identifying the obstacles to force account targets and offering solutions that could help to enhance all construction projects in Tanzania that would utilise the force account mechanism, this study sought to strengthen the implementation of construction projects utilising the force account mechanism. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design and a sample of 98 respondents from the Mbeya, Songwe, and Njombe regions of the southern highlands. Construction projects were carried out in these areas using the force account system run by MUST or in coordination with its co-company, MCB. The study's data was gathered through surveys, an interviewing guide, and observations. The validity and reliability of each variable construct in the questionnaires were assessed, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was employed to gauge the strength of the linear relationship between the study variables (r). The study also acknowledges that if the highlighted concerns are remedied, the method can contribute to the improvement of construction projects. The difficulties that prevent the implementation of force account mechanisms in construction projects include time-consuming hidden costs, the requirement for strict oversight of local funds, a lack of commitment among committee members, political influence, a lack of allowance for committee members, and poor estimation of committee members. The force account system inside the government public procurement legal framework has been found to have a positive and substantial influence on cost reduction, quality enhancement, and adherence to time management. This, in turn, will yield advantageous outcomes for building projects. It is advisable to allocate more resources towards enhancing the execution of building projects in the public sector by employing force account procedures. This approach aims to enhance the performance of public procurement and bolster institutional effectiveness.
রূপপ্রতীকের ধারা
Authors: গুহ অজিতকুমার
Published: May 2024

মহাকবি কালিদাসের রঘুবংশকাব্যে যেখানে রাজা কপিলবর্ণের নন্দিনী গাভীকে নিয়ে দিনশেষে আশ্রমে ফিরে আছেন আর রাণী আশ্রম প্রাঙ্গনে তাঁকে অভ্যর্থনা কোরছেন,—রাজা ও রাণীর মধ্যবর্তী নন্দিনীর প্রতি তাকিয়ে কবির মন হঠাৎ বলে উঠলো—“দিনক্ষপামধ্যেগতৈবসন্ধ্যাঃ” — অর্থাৎ দিন ও রাত্রির সঙ্গমস্থলে অবস্থিত সন্ধ্যার মত। অপরাহ্নের অপরূপ দ্যুতিমান আকাশের নিচে এই একটি অতি পরিচিত সাধারণ ঘটনার মধ্যেও ব্যঞ্জনার এক অপরূপ সুর লাগলো। রাজার প্রদীপ্ত স্পষ্ট-প্রখর কান্তির সঙ্গে দিনের, রাণীর স্নিগ্ধ মাধুর্যের সঙ্গে রাত্রির আর পল্লবরাগভাম্রা নন্দিনী গাভীর সঙ্গে গোধূলির পিঙ্গলরশ্মিজাল-উদ্ভাসিত রূপের তুলনা উপমার দিক থেকে অসাধারণ কিছু নয়, কিন্তু কবি এই প্রাত্যহিক সাংসারিক ঘটনার মধ্যে পারিপার্শ্বিক প্রকৃতি-পরিবেশ এমন করে মিলিয়ে দিয়েছেন যে সেই একটি সন্ধ্যা চিরদিনের মত আমাদের মানসলোকে দীপ্তি দিতে লাগলো, — একদিনের কয়েকটি মুহূর্ত অনন্ত গোধূলিতে পর্যবসিত হয়ে গেল। কবি যদি কেবলমাত্র অলঙ্কারশাস্ত্রের সীমিত উপকরণের মধ্যে আবদ্ধ থাকতেন, জীবনসমুদ্রের ভাসমান ফেনপুঞ্জের বর্ণচ্ছটাই কেবল যদি তাঁকে মুগ্ধ কোরতো তাহ'লে এই প্রাত্যহিক তুচ্ছ ঘটনায় এত সহজভাবে আনন্দসৃষ্টি তাঁর পক্ষে সম্ভব ছিল না। অনুভূতির যে অতল গভীরতায় কবির মন অবগাহন করেছে, রসাবেশের যে আবেগে তাঁর মন পরিপ্লুত তাই তাঁর শিল্পসৃষ্টিতে ক্ষুদ্র, খণ্ড, ও বিচ্ছিন্ন বস্তুতে জীবনের অখণ্ড রূপায়ণ ও আকাশের সীমাহীন বিস্তৃতি দিয়েছে।
Politique linguistique éducative algérienne et identité
Authors: Mohamed Hattab
Published: May 2024

L’Algérie est considérée comme un pays plurilingue en raison de la présence sur son territoire d’un ensemble de langues et dialectes tels que le tamazight, le chleuh, l’arabe dialectale et surtout le français entre autres. Or, il se trouve que toutes ces « langues » ne jouissent pas d’un statut bien déterminé au regard de la politique linguistique algérienne, et ce pour des raisons souvent non déclarées. Et pire encore, dans la politique linguistique éducative algérienne on ne fait mention que de la langue arabe, le tamazight et de certaines langues étrangères. Ce qui nous pousse à débattre dans cet article de l’importance et de la place qu’occupe les langues étrangères et plus particulièrement le français dans la loi d’orientation de l’éducation nationale algérienne ainsi que de l’impact de l’identité sociolinguistique dans l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère.
Abstract
Algeria is considered a multilingual country because of the presence on its territory of a variety of languages and dialects such as tamazight, chleuh, Arabic dialect and especially French among others. However, it turns out that not all of these "languages" enjoy a welldefined status in Algerian language policy for often undeclared rea-sons. Worse still, in The Algerian educational language policy only mentions the Arabic language, Tamazight and certain foreign lan- guages. This leads us to debate in this article the importance and place  of foreign languages and especially French in the law of orientation of Algerian national education as well as the impact of sociolinguistic identity in learning French as a foreign language.
Formation de praticiens nouvellement recrutés et enseignement plurilingue
Authors: Hassane MISSOUM BENZIANE , Imane MISSOUM BENZIANE
Published: May 2024

L’objectif auquel tend toute formation, dans le cadre scolaire, est celui d’incliner les pratiques enseignantes dans le sens de celles attendues par l’institution éducative. Il s’agit, en fait, de faire concorder, par l’entremise de cette formation, le curriculum réel (pratiques des enseignants en classe) avec le curriculum prescrit (exigences de l’institution). Or il se trouve que la trans-formation des pratiques est conditionnée par le changement des représentations. Dans le cadre du présent article, nous nous sommes intéressés à une formation qui a concerné des enseignants nouvellement recrutés. Nous nous sommes attelés à voir à travers sa conception si celle-ci se fonde sur les principes même de la réforme et s’il a été procédé au questionnement des représentations des enseignants novices au regard de l’enseignement plurilingue.
Abstract
The objective, to which all training tends, within the school framework, is that of inclining teaching practices in the direction of those expected by the educational institution. It is, in fact, a matter of aligning, through this training, the actual curriculum (teachers’ classroom practices) with the prescribed curriculum (institutional requirements). Now it turns out that the transformation of practices is conditioned by the change of representations. In the context of this article, we are interested in a training, which concerned newly recruited teachers. We set out to see through its conception whether it is based on the very principles of the reform and whether it has been questioned of the representations of novice teachers with regard toplurilingual education.