bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1 and CHEK2 genes in the pattern of associations of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms with breast cancer
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Pavlova Nadezhda V. , Orlova Valentina S. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Batlutskaya Irina V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Efremova Olga A. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Ponomarenko Irina V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: June 2022

Актуальность: Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) это опухоль молочной железы злокачественного характера, которая занимает ведущее место как в структуре онкозаболеваний у женщин, так и среди причин смертности женского населения от злокачественных новообразований. Роль генетических факторов в формировании РМЖ не вызывает сомнений. Цель исследования:Изучить роль высокопенетрантных мутаций в генах BRCA1 и CHEK2 в характере ассоциаций полиморфизма генов матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММР) с РМЖ. Материалы и методы:Для решения поставленной цели исследования были сформированы следующие три выборки: 26 больных РМЖ, имеющие высокопенетрантные мутации в генах BRCA1 (c.5266dup (5382insC), c.68_69del (185delAG), 2080delA) и CHEK2 (I157T)), 332 больных РМЖ без герминальных мутаций в генах BRCA1 (c.5266dup (5382insC), c.68_69del (185delAG), 2080delA, 4153delA), BRCA2 (6174delT) и CHEK2 (I157T) и 746 женщин контрольной группы. В работе изучены десять полиморфизмов пяти генов матриксных металлопротеиназ (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3,MMP8 и MMP9). Анализ ассоциаций проводился методом логистической регрессии. Результаты:Генотип ТТ rs1940475 MMP8 у больных РМЖ, имеющих высокопенетрантные мутации в генах BRCA1 и CHEK2 (3,84%) встречается в 6-7 раз реже в сравнении как с пациентками, не имеющих этих мутаций (22,80% pperm=0,04), так и индивидуумами контрольной группы (26,18% ORcov=0,11 95%CIcov 0,01-0,81 pperm=0,03). Среди больных РМЖ, не имеющих высокопенетрантных мутаций в генах BRCA1 и CHEK2, с заболеванием ассоциирован полиморфизм гена ММР9: rs17576 (ORcov=0,81 pperm=0,03), rs2250889 (ORcov=0,61-0,66 pperm=0,03), rs3787268 (ORcov=2,03 pperm=0,04) и девять различных гаплотипов шести изученных локусов ММР9 (pperm<0,05). Заключение: Полиморфный локус rs1940475 MMP8 связан с риском развития РМЖ у женщин с высокопенетрантными мутациями в генах BRCA1 и CHEK2, а полиморфизм гена ММР9 ассоциирован с заболеванием у женщин, не имеющих данных мутаций.
Correlation of Biochemical Abnormalities with the Severity of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients
Authors:   Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Silambanan Santhi , Koshy Teena ,   Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, K. K Mahesh ,   Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Ch. A Jasmine ,   Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bhaskar Emmanuel ,   Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Moorthy Swathy ,   Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
Published: June 2022

Background: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has a global impact. The laboratory assessments in Covid-19 illness help in better understanding the disease pathophysiology useful in screening asymptomatic individuals to diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring the affected patients. The aim of the study:To observe the association between biochemical and inflammatory parameters among the hospitalised COVID-19 patients of different clinical severity. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out with the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study included patients over 18 years, hospitalised with COVID-19 infection, grouped into three severity groups, admitted to ward, high dependency unit or intensive care unit between May to September 2020.  Data collection was carried out by manual perusal of inpatient case sheets, computerised patient data system and transcription database for discharge summaries. The biochemical and inflammatory markers like plasma glucose, renal function tests, serum electrolytes, liver function tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-Reactive protein (CRP), d-dimer, ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the time of admission were collected. Data was expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and range. ANOVA test followed by post hoc (Tukey) test, Pearson correlation and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve analysis were performed. Results: Significant correlations were observed between the mild and moderate-severe illness groups with respect to fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, ferritin and LDH. The AUC was the highest for LDH at 0.64 followed by blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio at 0.62. Conclusion: High levels of renal function parameters were potential predictors of acute kidney injury among patients with COVID-19. Fasting plasma glucose, serum albumin, LDH, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and BUN-creatinine ratio are better indicators of the severity of the disease with multiorgan dysfunction.
Health Canada Usage of Real World Evidence (RWE) in Regulatory Decision Making compared with FDA/EMA usage based on publicly available information
Authors: Lau Catherine , Jamali Fakhreddin , Loebenberg Raimar
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Between January 2020 and December 2021, Health Canada provided a Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for each of 110 products approved, including 29 oncology products and 21 non-oncology orphan drugs. This review sought to gain insight into how Real Word Evidence (RWE) impacts regulatory decision making. Methods: SBDs for oncology drugs and non-oncology orphan drugs were reviewed for evidence of use of the RWE or historical data to support regulatory decisions. This information was compared with both FDA and EMA reviews. Results: For the 29 Health Canada-approved oncology products, 11 were approved with Notice of Compliance with Conditions (NOCc) status. Two NOCc approvals received extensive RWE reviews, while two other approvals briefly mentioned the use of RWE/historical data. Of the 12 NOC approvals, one received RWE reviews. FDA also approved all 29 drugs, 14 of which received extensive comments on RWE and/or historical data and 8 of which mentioned RWE or historical data. EMA approved 25 of the 29 products and provided extensive comments on 10. Four products received a mention of RWE review. The percentages of submissions with RWE/historical reviews conducted by Health Canada, FDA and EMA were 24.1, 75.9 and 56.0 respectively. Of the 21 non-oncology orphan drugs, Health Canada provided priority review status to 11, with extensive RWE comments in 5 and the mention of RWE in 2 of the regular approvals. Two approvals that used third-party data were not included in the comparison. FDA approved 19, and provided extensive RWE assessment on 5 and mentioned use of historical data in 8. EMA approved 17 and provided extensive RWE and historical comments in 7 and mentioned historical data in 4. The percentages of submissions with RWE/historical reviews by Health Canada, FDA and EMA were 36.8, 68.4 and 64.7 respectively. Conclusions: Use of Real World Data is common among FDA/EMA reviews and Health Canada used RWE in recent NOCc and orphan drug approvals.
Effects of Insect Growth Regulators on Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Joseph Shimat V.
Published: June 2022

Ambrosia beetles, especially the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are serious pests in ornamental nurseries in Georgia during the spring months. Growers spray pyrethroid insecticides to prevent ambrosia beetle attacks on the tree trunk around bud break. Repeated pyrethroid insecticide applications can harm beneficial arthropods and cause a resurgence of minor, secondary pests. Insect growth regulators (IGRs), such as novaluron and azadirachtin, have demonstrated transovarial activity on many insect pests, for which the viability of the eggs was reduced after adult exposure. IGRs, particularly azadirachtin, are also repellent to many insect pests. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the transovarial and repellent activity of IGRs on ambrosia beetles. Two experiments were conducted in ornamental nurseries in 2019 and 2021. In the first experiment, novaluron, azadirachtin, and permethrin were sprayed as stand-alone and combination treatments with permethrin on maple (Acer) tree bolts. The number of ambrosia beetle attacks was significantly lower in treatments with permethrin in both years. Novaluron and azadirachtin treatments neither reduced ambrosia beetle attacks on the ethanol-infused bolts nor suppressed the recovery of X. crassiusculus from the bolts, suggesting the lack of repellent and transovarial activity, respectively. For the second experiment, novaluron alone and in combination with 1×, 4×, and 8× bark penetrant at the label rate were sprayed on ethanol-infused bolts. None of the novaluron treatments with or without bark penetrant elicited transovarial activity in X. crassiusculus, as the beetle recovery was similar among treatments.
Lethal Toxicity of
Thymus capitatus
Essential Oil Against
Planococcus citri
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and its Coccinellid Predator
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Alloui-Griza Rafika , Cherif Asma , Attia Sabrine , Francis Frederic , Lognay Georges C. , Grissa-Lebdi Kaouthar
Published: June 2022

Botanical extracts, including essential oils, are promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides for pest control. In this study, we evaluated the fumigant toxicity of an essential oil extracted from Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link against the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and its coccinellid predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the major chemical compounds identified from T. capitatus were carvacrol (65.15%), followed by p-cymene (11.79%) and γterpinene (7.48%). High mortality levels were registered for P. citri larvae (up to 100%) and adults (up to 96%) when exposed to the tested essential oil. The median lethal concentration values calculated for P. citri adults were higher than for larvae. Thymus capitatus essential oil applied at 10 and 20 µL/Lair showed high toxicity towards C. montrouzieri adults. These results highlighted the efficacy of T. capitatus essential oil as a promising tool to control P. citri in Tunisia. However, the adverse effects of this oil towards C. montrouzieri should be taken into consideration to enhance its practical implication in integrated pest management.
TYPOLOGY OF MYTHONYMS IN THE TEXT OF A MODERN FANTASY FAIRY TALE AND METHODS OF THEIR TRANSLATION (Based on the Fairy Tale by E. D. Baker «A Tale of the Wide-Awake Princess: Princess between Worlds»)
Authors: Nosoreva Natalia G.
Published: June 2022

The features of the mythonyms functioning in the modern fairy tale text of a genre “fantasy” by E. D. Baker “A Tale of the Wide-Awake Princess: Princess between Worlds”, as well as the specifics of their translation are considered. Within the research the typology of mythonyms has been studied; onyms from the category of neomyphonyms and spellonyms have been identified; the relationship between mythoanthroponym, neomyphonym and spellonym has been determined. As a result of the research, methods of translating mythonyms that function in the general picture and the figurative system of the artistic work of E. D. Baker have been distinguished and described. In research studies proper names are an important detail of the figurative system of creative work and the general picture of the literary work, therefore there is a need for a practical rethinking of the issue of the functioning and methods of conveying the names of fictional characters in a modern literary work. Increasingly, in research studies, linguists raise the issue of the use of blended methods of translating anthroponyms, in particular, mythonyms, which is confirmed in this study. In the course of practical research, it was found that despite the well-established tradition of translating anthroponyms, blended translation is the dominant method, and the field of anthroponymy also remains a relevant field for studying the specifics of the functioning and translation of mythonyms in modern fairy tales of the fantasy genre.
A controversa relação entre as resoluções do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas em matéria de congelamento de ativos financeiros de indivíduos envolvidos com terrorismo e a ordem constitucional brasileira
Authors: Tartarotti Alana Sonego , Subtil Leonardo de Camargo
Published: June 2022

Após os ataques terroristas de setembro de 2001, o Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas determinou o imediato congelamento de ativos financeiros de indivíduos que tivessem praticado ou que, de alguma forma, estivessem ligados a atos de terrorismo, nos termos do Capítulo VII da Carta das Nações Unidas. Em cumprimento às Resoluções expedidas pelo Conselho de Segurança, o Estado brasileiro encontra-se em posição delicada no sentido de cumprir, ao mesmo tempo, com as obrigações jurídicas impostas pelo Conselho de Segurança perante o Direito Internacional – no imediato congelamento de ativos financeiros de indivíduos envolvidos com terrorismo – e em dar efetividade ao devido processo legal no Brasil. A partir do método analítico-normativo e da técnica de pesquisa exploratório-bibliográfica, foi delimitado o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Em face da controvérsia jurídica aparente estabelecida entre a Constituição Federal brasileira e as Resoluções do Conselho de Segurança em matéria de congelamento de ativos financeiros de indivíduos envolvidos com terrorismo, de que maneira o Brasil deverá posicionar-se juridicamente diante de tal problemática, considerando tanto as obrigações jurídicas assumidas constitucional quanto internacionalmente? Concluiu-se que o Estado brasileiro deve posicionar-se no sentido de cumprir imediatamente as obrigações internacionais decorrentes da Carta das Nações Unidas – materializadas nas Resoluções do Conselho de Segurança, expedidas sob o Capítulo VII da referida Carta, e nacionalmente impostas pela Lei nº 13.810/2019.
Organizational aspects of volunteer work in social enterprises in Russia and India
Authors: Sukharkova Marina
Published: June 2022

The text of this article analyzes the processes of managing volunteers at social enterprises in Russia and India. Social enterprises are becoming more popular, but this type of organization remains poorly understood. Social entrepreneurship is a form of business that differs from an ordinary commercial enterprise in that. The goal of a social enterprise is not only to make a profit, but also to solve social problems. It is known that social enterprises involve volunteers in their work, however, the problems faced by representatives of social enterprises when working with volunteers are unknown. The empirical basis of the work was an online survey of representatives of social enterprises from Russia and India. These countries were chosen due to the fact that it is in Russia and India that the sector of social entrepreneurship is currently developing. The focus of our article concerned such issues: what stages of working with volunteers are implemented in social enterprises, what problems they face when working with volunteers, and what processes can help minimize difficulties in working with volunteers. Analysis of the data obtained showed that representatives of social enterprises in Russia and India are actively implementing the selection of volunteers, education and training of volunteers, and discussion of the results of work with volunteers. Among the most significant problems in working with volunteers, representatives of Russian social enterprises consider a high level of volunteer turnover and distrust of volunteers. Representatives of Indian social enterprises consider the insufficient level of training of volunteers, the high turnover of volunteers as significant problems in working with volunteers. Despite the differences in the processes of working with volunteers, representatives of social Russian and Indian enterprises believe that the training and education of specialists working with volunteers and the education and training of volunteers themselves can improve the quality of work with volunteers. The analysis of work and management of volunteers is an extremely broad topic, the text of the article covers only some of its aspects, which were studied based on the results of the survey. The results of the study can be used by researchers for further work in the field of studying the processes of working with volunteers, and the results of the study can also be useful to those who are practitioners in the field of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises.
Correlation between the Use of Shared Goods with Pediculosis Capitis among Students in Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Palembang
Authors: Sari Rifka Purnama , Handayani Dwi , Prasasty Gita Dwi , Anwar Chairil , Karim Fatmawati
Published: June 2022

Pediculosis capitis is a parasitic infection caused by the parasite Pediculus humanus var. capitis, which commonly found in densely crowded areas such as boarding schools. It is possible to contract pediculosis capitis by coming into direct or indirect contact with sufferers' hair. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of pediculosis capitis in students at Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Palembang, as well as the association between the use of shared goods and the occurrence of pediculosis capitis. This study is a cross-sectional observational analytic study including 116 students who live permanently in Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Palembang. A questionnaire was used to collect data, as well as direct observation of hair samples. The Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were used to examine the results. The findings revealed that 35.3% of people had pediculosis capitis, and that there was a significant association between the use of mattresses (p=0.007), combs (p=0.024), and shared veils (p=0.006) and the occurrence of pediculosis capitis. The use of combs (p=0.018) and shared veils (p=0.001) were the most influential variables on the occurrence of pediculosis capitis, according to the results of the logistic regression test. The spread of pediculosis capitis disease is predicted to be reduced and prevented with improved personal hygiene, environment sanitation, and treatment.

Keywords: Pediculosis capitis, boarding schools, Subulussalam, shared goods
Tamaño, capital extranjero y modos de innovación
Authors: Cretini Ignacio , Robert Verónica
Published: June 2022

La presente investigación analiza las diferencias entre empresas con presencia de capital extranjero de acuerdo con su tamaño, en términos de las actividades de innovación, vinculación externa y los modos de innovación. A partir de un abordaje econométrico sobre datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo e Innovación, demostramos que las empresas con presencia de capital extranjero presentan un comportamiento diferenciado una vez que se estratifican por tamaño. Las empresas extranjeras vis-à-vis las nacionales tienden a realizar mayores esfuerzos de innovación y se caracterizan por implementar modos de innovación más complejos, que combinan los modos DUI y STI. Sin embargo, del análisis por estrato de tamaño surge que las empresas extranjeras de mayor tamaño relativo realizan relativamente menos esfuerzos de innovación promedio e implementan modalidades menos complejas. Estos resultados revalorizan los análisis que consideran la heterogeneidad de empresas extranjeras y demuestran que las de mayor tamaño relativo no son las de mejor performance innovadora, al contrario de lo que ocurre con las empresas de capital nacional.
Relato de caso: anestesia para hepatectomia esquerda ampliada com perfusão “in situ” por colangiocarcinoma invadindo as veias supra-hepáticas
Authors: Sousa Igor Renan Vasconcelos de , Pinto Filho Washington Aspilicueta , Maia Flávio Lobo
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: relatar o caso da condução anestésica de uma hepatectomia ampliada cujo tumor invadia as veias supra-hepáticas, com poucos relatos semelhantes na literatura. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo do tipo relato. Resultado: relato de caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 38 anos, pASA 1 com diagnóstico de colangiocarcinoma invadindo as veias supra-hepáticas. Submetido a hepatectomia esquerda ampliada com tempo de exclusão vascular total e perfusão in situ. Sob anestesia combinada: geral balanceada e peridural, com monitorização avançada e metas para os tempos intraoperatórios, atingindo desfecho favorável. Conclusão: A experiência e o manejo anestésico são fundamentais em procedimentos raros e complexos com momentos críticos, como no caso relatado.
Molecular Basis of Inhibitory Mechanism of Naltrexone and Its Metabolites through Structural and Energetic Analyses
Authors: Bello Martiniano
Published: June 2022

Naltrexone (NTX) is a potent opioid antagonist with good blood-brain barrier permeability, targeting different endogenous opioid receptors, particularly the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Therefore, it represents a promising candidate for drug development against drug addiction. However, the details of the molecular interactions of NTX and its derivatives with MOR are not fully understood, hindering ligand-based drug discovery. In the present study, taking advantage of the high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the murine MOR (mMOR), we constructed a homology model of the human MOR (hMOR). A solvated phospholipid bilayer was built around the hMOR and submitted to microsecond (µs) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain an optimized hMOR model. NTX and its derivatives were docked into the optimized hMOR model and submitted to µs MD simulations in an aqueous membrane system. The MD simulation results were submitted to Molecular Mechanics Generalized-Born surface area (MMGBSA) binding free energy calculations and principal component analysis. Our results revealed that NTX and its derivatives showed differences in protein-ligand interactions; however, they shared contact with residues at TM2, TM3, H6, and TM7. The binding free energy and principal component analysis revealed the structural and energetic effects responsible for the higher potency of NTX compared to its derivatives.
APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN SEVERAL MUSTARD VARIETIES WITH NFT HYDROPONIC SYSTEM ON GROWTH AND YIELD
Authors: Setiyono Setiyono , Dwiharjo Danu , Arum Ayu Puspita
Published: June 2022

Increasing total national mustard consumption encourages an increase in productivity for mustard cultivation in Indonesia, which is contradictory to the availability of land for mustard cultivation. Therefore, cultivation with the NFT Hydroponics system with the application of a magnetic field and using of the best varieties can be a solution to these problems. The magnetic field can accelerate seed germination and magnetized water. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction of magnetic field application with varieties on the growth and yield of mustard using the NFT hydroponic system. This experiment used a split-plot design consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The magnetic field application as the main plot consisted of 2 levels, without magnetic field application (M0) and magnetic field application (M1), while the varieties as sub-plots consisted of 5 levels, Tosakan (V1), Shinta (V2), Dakota ( V3), IRR(V4) and Nauli F1 (V5). The observation variables were plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and root volume. The results showed, there was a significant interaction only on the number of leaves with the best treatment M1V5 (16 number of leaves). The magnetic field factor has a significant effect on all variables except dry weight.  
SERAPAN DAN EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN HARA N DAN P PADA PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) SISTEM VERTIKULTUR DI LAHAN KERING
Authors: Tobing Wilda Lumban
Published: June 2022

The use of vertical systems is increasingly being modified. Fertigation verticulture is used as an effort to implement pakcoy cultivation in dry land. The purpose of this study was to determine the fertigation time, composition of planting media and the distance between planting holes and their interactions in increasing nutrient uptake and efficiency of N and P absorption for pakcoy plants. This research was carried out in the agricultural garden of the Main Seed Center of the North Central Timor Regency Agriculture Office from June to December 2021. The study used an experimental method with a Separate Plot Design with 3 plots where the main plot was the fertigation time which consisted of 3 levels, namely W1 (60 seconds). ), W2 (90 seconds), and W3 (120 seconds). The main subplot is the composition of the growing media which consists of 4 levels, namely: M1 (Soil: Sand (1:1)); M2 (Soil : Biochar (1:1)); M3 (Soil : Biochar (1:1)); and M4 (Soil: Sand: Biochar (1:1:1)). The subplots are the spacing of the planting holes consisting of 3 levels, namely: J1 (15 cm); J2 (20 cm); and J3 (25 cm). There were 36 treatments which were repeated 4 (four) times in order to obtain a total of 144 treatments. Data analysis used a comparative test using the Duncan Multiple Range Test method at 5% level. The results showed that the fertigation time of 120 seconds (W3) and the composition of the growing media: biochar (1:1) (M2) and their interactions increased the N and P uptake of pakcoy plants grown in a verticulture system on dry land by treatment. The fermentation time of 120 seconds (W3) and the composition of the growing media: biochar (1:1) (M2) also increased the efficiency of N and P nutrient absorption
Factores de riesgo y beneficio percibidos en la intención de compra de consumidores de la movilidad colaborativa
Authors: Ruiz Dominguez Herson Santos , Rodríguez Herrera Ismael Manuel , Mojica Carrillo Elena Patricia
Published: June 2022

Las empresas de la movilidad colaborativa como Uber deben comprender el comportamiento de compra del consumidor. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la influencia de los riesgos y beneficios percibidos en la intención de compra de los consumidores de la movilidad colaborativa. A través de una regresión lineal múltiple y 473 datos de consumidores de Aguascalientes, se descubrió que el beneficio de conveniencia y el riesgo financiero tienen un fuerte impacto en la intención de compra. Los resultados sugieren que la comodidad es un gran incentivo mientras que los fraudes financieros ocasionarían complicaciones en el proceso de compra.
The Effect of Roughness on the Nonlinear Flow in a Single Fracture with Sudden Aperture Change
Authors: Chen Zhou , Tian Zhengying , Zhan Hongbin , Huang Jingtao , Huang Yong , Wei Yunbo , Ma Xing
Published: June 2022

Abrupt changes in aperture (sudden expansion and contraction) are commonly seen in naturally occurred or artificial single fractures. The relevant research mainly focuses on the changes in fluid properties caused by the sudden expansion of the aperture in smooth parallel fractures. To investigate the effects of roughness on the nonlinear flow properties in a single rough fracture with abruptly aperture change (SF-AC), the flow characteristics of the fractures under different Reynolds numbers Re (50~2000) are simulated by the turbulence k-ε steady-state modulus with the Naiver-Stokes equation. The results show that, in a rough SF-AC, the growth of the eddy and the flow path deflection of the mainstream zone are more obvious than those in a smooth SF-AC, and the discrepancies between the rough and smooth SF-ACs become even more obvious when the relative roughness and/or Re values become greater. The increase of the fracture roughness leads to the generation of more local eddies on the rough SF-ACs and enhances the flow path deflection in the sudden expansion fracture. The number of eddies increases with Re, and the size of eddy area increases linearly with Re at first. When Re reaches a value of 300-500, the growth rate of the eddy size slows down and then stabilizes. Groundwater flow in a rough SF-AC follows a clearly visible nonlinear (or non-Darcy) flow law other than the linear Darcy’s law. The Forchheimer equation fits the hydraulic gradient-velocity (J-v) better than the linear Darcy’s law. The corresponding critical Re value at which the nonlinear flow starts to dominate in a rough SF-AC is around 300~500.
Three-Dimensional Stochastic Distribution Characteristics of Void Fraction in Longwall Mining-Disturbed Overburden of Inclined Coal Seam
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Liu Kanghui , Pi Zizi , Tian Fuchao , Yang Yalan
Published: June 2022

Fractures in the overburden induced by mining disturbances provide a channel for fluid flow between the surface and the underground. Mining-induced strata movement and fracture distribution are influenced by the gravity and dip angles of rock seams. In this paper, a new three-dimensional theoretical distribution model for void fraction in each partition of overlying rock strata disturbed by inclined coal seam mining was constructed. Based on the theoretical determination model, the three-dimensional random distribution characteristics for void fraction were obtained by combining the random distribution law of void fraction obtained by similar physical simulation experiments and image processing techniques. Theoretical deterministic models, stochastic theoretical models, and similar physical simulations all show that void fraction distribution in the tendency direction of the coal seam shows a bimodal asymmetric distribution with high and low peaks and a symmetric distribution in the strike direction. The void fraction of the overburden in the central part of the mining area is smaller than that of the surrounding area. The results of the theoretically determined model and stochastic model of the void fraction for the strata with different mining lengths and different coal seam inclinations were compared with the results of similar simulation experiments, respectively. The results are in agreement, further verifying the practicality of the model.
Provenance Discrimination of Siliciclastic Sediments in the Western Sea of Japan over the Past 30 kyr: Evidence from Major, Trace Elements, and Pb Isotopes
Authors: Dou Ruxi , Zou Jianjun , Shi Xuefa , Zhu Aimei , Dong Zhi , Zou Xinqing , Gorbarenko Serge
Published: June 2022

The Sea of Japan (JS), a unique marginal sea without any large river influxes in the western Pacific, provides ample information about the evolution of sea level, East Asian monsoons (EAM), sea ice activity, and ocean currents in geological time. However, insufficient investigation in the western JS limits our knowledge of East Asian climate change. This study utilizes major and trace elements and Pb isotopes of fine siliciclastic components (<63 μm) of core LV53-18-2 and determines the provenances using statistical methods and discrimination diagrams. The results show that the terrigenous debris of LV53-18-2 was mainly composed of aeolian dust from northeast China, ice-rafted debris (IRD), and volcanic materials from the Far East coast over the last 30 kyr. During the late last glacial period, sea ice activity carried weakly weathered IRD to the study area. Meanwhile, the strengthened East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) brought dust from northeast China to the study site owing to the cold climate and enlarged sandy land. During the late last deglacial period to early Holocene (15-8 kyr), ascending boreal summer insolation drove the intense melting of sea ice. This led to the deposition of large amounts of weakly weathered IRD and remarkably influenced the chemical composition of the core. After 8 kyr, the global sea level rose to -15 m below the modern sea level and opened the Tatar Strait. Consequently, freshwater supplied by the Amur River entered the JS and gave birth to the Liman Cold Current (LCC), which transported more mafic materials from the Kema terrane upstream.
Hollow and Oval-Configured Ultrafine Co3O4 as a Highly-Efficient Activator of Monopersulfate for Catalytic Elimination of Azorubin S
Authors: Khiem Ta Cong , Tuan Duong Dinh , Kwon Eilhann , Thanh Bui Xuan , Tsang Yiu Fai , Munagapati Venkata Subbaiah , Wen Jet-Chau , Hu Chechia , Lin Kun-Yi
Published: June 2022

As Azorubin S represents one of the most common and frequently-utilized toxic azo dyes produced from industrial activities, the ongoing release of this chemical substance from wastewater effluents into water systems may result in negative effects on microorganisms and human health. While various conventional treatment techniques could not effectively eliminate ARS from water, heterogeneous metal-based catalysts coupled with monopersulfate (MPS) is recently utilized as a highly-efficient process for eliminating ARS, in which tricobalt tetroxide (Co3O4) has been attracted increasing attention as a preeminent MPS activator due to its outstanding physicochemical properties, redox capability and excellent reactivity. However, the nanoscale Co3O4 particles usually pose a limitation of serious agglomeration in the aqueous environment, lowering their reactive surface, and efficiency. Thus, developing an easy-synthesized and exceptionally efficient Co3O4-based catalyst for MPS activation is crucially paramount. Therefore, in this work, a special hollow-structured oval-like Cobalt Oxide (abbreviated as HOCO) was successfully constructed using Co-MOF as a precursor, which was then utilized for catalyzing activation of MPS to degrade ARS. This as-obtained HOCO exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics from commercially-available Co3O4, which subsequently result in superior activities for MPS activation in ARS degradation. From the experimental investigations, SO4•‒ radicals were validated to be primary reactive species for ARS degradation while the degradation pathway of ARS was also elucidated. This study further provides insightful information about the development of novel hollow-structured Co3O4-based catalyst for catalyzing activation of MPS to remove toxic dyes from water.
A novel proposal for all optical 1-bit comparator based on 2D linear photonic crystal
Authors: Parandin Fariborz , Askarian Asghar
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we are going to employ seven optical waveguides (OWGs) based on two-dimensional (2D) linear photonic crystal (LPhC) for realizing an all optical comparator (AOCMP). The proposed 1-bit AOCMP has a very simple structure with a footprint of 351 μm2 which is composed of 31 × 33 cubic lattice of silicon rods immersed in air. This LPhC comparator comprises two input ports and two output ports. The functionality of the proposed 1-bit AOCMP is based on constructive and destructive interference phenomenon of optical beams and phase shift keying technique. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) procedure based on Yee’s Algorithm is used to compute the propagation of optical waves in this structure. The FDTD simulation results of suggested 1-bit AOCMP indicate that the minimum and maximum values of the normalized power (NP) at ON and OFF states for output ports are 73% and 15%, respectively. Also, the ON-OFF contrast ratio (CR), bit rate (BR), rise and fall times (Tr and Tf) of the suggested design are about 6.87 dB, 2.22 Tb/S, 0.15ps and 0.05ps, respectively.
Impact of shading net on microclimate condition in orchards
Authors: MOMENI Davood
Published: June 2022

Due to various reasons such as climatic stresses, pest attacks, disease outbreaks, damage caused by insects and birds, etc., irreparable damages are done to fruit trees. One of the operational solutions in the world to reduce these injuries is the use of shading net in the gardens. In order to select the appropriate shading net, it is necessary to first determine the main factors required for plant growth and development so that the installed net does not have an adverse effect on them. In this research, changes in radiation, temperature, wind velocity, wind direction and relative humidity inside and outside of two shadehouse garden were monitored. Investigating of the graphs in temperature, relative humidity and light changing throughout the period indoor shadehouse gardens showed that the temperature inside the shading net was lower than outside but no significant differences were observed between the months. Regarding relative humidity and light, both parameters were more and less than outside, respectively, but no significant differences were observed between the months. In general, the study of changes in the mean of the three parameters of temperature, humidity and radiation in the whole period showed that the greatest effect of using shading nets on microclimate in gardens was on reducing the intensity of light received. Also when the wind velocity is high, the temperature inside and outside the shading net is closer to each other.
Prevalence of Hypertension in the U.S. Adults: Age, Sex, Marital Status, and Ethnic Differences
Authors: wu xianjun , liu wugao , chen feng , lin dongli , ye lingyan , wu liping , mei yibin
Published: June 2022

Background
Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Up-to-date prevalence data on hypertension provide the foundation for informing population research, education, and health policy. We sought to determine differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the U.S. population according to age, sex, ethnicity, and marital status.
Methods
We performed an observational, cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population 2013 through 2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine hypertension prevalence rates.
Results
A total of 7458 participants had hypertension. The weighted prevalence of hypertension among US adults ages 18 years and older was 39.5% (95% CI, 37.10–41.89%), which represented an estimated 92.4 million persons in the United States. black participants 47.65% (CI, 45.57 to 49.73), white 40.97% (38.94 to 43.00), other racial 35.14% (31.87 to 38.42), and Hispanic 29.87% (27.60 to 32.13). Across ethnic groups, males were more likely to have hypertension, except black participants. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age. Persons with > = 75 years: OR 13.82(95%CI 11.56–16.52); male: OR 1.29(95%CI 1.17–1.42); separated: OR 1.74(95%CI 1.43–2.10) had higher rates of hypertension when compared to lowest categories.
Conclusions
As prevalence of hypertension in the US are rising, with age, sex, marital status, and racial/ethnic minority individuals being disproportionately impacted by hypertension, targeted public health efforts may reduce health disparities and decrease the overall population burden of hypertension.
Assessing Progress in Reducing the Number of Disaster-affected People: Insights from Zimbabwe
Authors: MAVHURA EMMANUEL , Aryal Komal Raj
Published: June 2022

In 2015, 187 countries appended their signatures to the Sendai Framework which has seven global targets. Target B calls on all nations to substantially reduce the number of people affected by disasters by 2030. In order to promote the measurement of progress in attaining Target B, the United Nations provided some technical guidance methodologies. Using a case of Zimbabwe, this study quantified the indicators of Target B to assess the country’s progress in reducing the number of people affected by disasters. Quantitative data came from public sources published by the government of Zimbabwe spanning the period 1990 to 2019. This data was analysed through 3-year and 5-year moving averages. The study also used qualitative interviews to explain the trends in disaster-affected people. Results showed a slight decrease in the number of people affected by disasters where drought was affecting millions of people on yearly basis while storms and epidemics were sporadic and characterized by big spikes. The study concluded that Zimbabwe is slowly attaining Target B. However, in order to significantly reduce the number of people affected by disasters, the study offered three policy implications including the need to strengthen drought preparedness/mitigation, and disease surveillance and control systems.
Assessment of Landslide susceptibility and risk to road network in Mt Elgon, Uganda
Authors: Nakileza Bob Roga , Mugagga Frank , Musali Paul , Nedala Shafiq
Published: June 2022

Globally landslides occurrence is reportedly frequent particularly in the mountainous regions causing both direct and indirect effects to various sectors including the road transport. Landslides directly cause physical impact on the road network such as deposition of debris and impartial or total erosion of road segments. This leads to increased damage costs. Indirectly landslides cause disruption of the trade and movement whenever roads are blocked and alternative routes are resorted to. Existing literature reveals limited assessment of road vulnerability to landslides in the mountain regions in Africa. This study aimed at closing this information gap by investigating the risk to different segments of the road network in the Mt Elgon region. A fuzzy logic model was used to assess and map the landslide susceptibility into low, moderate, high and very high categories. The results reveal that mid to high altitude steep and rugged areas are more susceptible to landslides. The model performance was good as revealed by high AUC of 83%. Hotspot segments, which are high risk sections of the road network need to be prioritized for monitoring and risk mitigation.
Seasonal and inter-annual sedimentation in meromictic Lake Shira (Siberia, Russia) during disturbance of meromixis
Authors: Rogozin Denis Yurievich , Darin Andrey Viktorovich , Zykov Vladimir Viktorovich , Kalugin Ivan Aleksandrovich , Markovich Tatiana Ivanovna , Bulkhin Aleksandr Olegovich , Kolmakova Angela Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2022

Detailed studies of processes of sediment record formation are necessary for accurate sediment-derived paleo-environmental reconstructions. In order to understand the formation of sediments in meromictic Lake Shira (southern Siberia, Russia), we conducted the multi-year seasonal sediment trap study of sediment fluxes of chemical elements, organic and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, and photosynthetic pigments for a period from 2012 to 2017. In parallel, in 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2018, we estimated the contents of photosynthetic pigments in uppermost sediment layers frozen in situ with a freeze-corer. In 2015 and 2016, a rare event of transition from meromixis (i.e. long-term hypolimnetic anoxia) to holomixis was observed, which was accompanied by the temporary disappearance of hydrogen sulfide from the water column in spring and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide in other seasons compared to the meromictic state. Using the freeze-corer, we observed that sediment structure changed from laminated to homogeneous after holomixis. The content of algal photosynthetic pigments slightly increased in uppermost sediments in 2017 and 2018, which was probably caused by an increase in lake primary production resulting from the release of nutrients during the mixing events in 2015 and 2016. The content of okenone, a specific carotenoid of purple sulfur bacteria, decreased during the holomictic state both in traps and in uppermost sediments and did not considerably increase two years after the meromixis restoration. The sedimentation flux of molybdenum reflected the seasonality of hydrogen sulfide content in the water column, and it was maximal in winter, in contrast to all other sediment components. Other components reflected the seasonality of organic production and terrigenous inputs, with the maximum in late summer and autumn. An increase in the sedimentation rate of terrigenous elements in the autumn of 2012 was supposedly caused by the anomalous amount of atmospheric precipitation in August 2012. Since detailed inter-annual observations of sedimentation processes are not often found in limnology, we hope that our results will be useful for reconstructing regional climate and, further, for understanding the dynamics of stratified temperate water bodies.
Element-wise representations with ECNet for material property prediction and applications in high-entropy alloys
Authors: Ni Jun , Wang Xinming , Tran Nguyen-Dung , Zeng Shuming , Hou Cong , Chen Ying
Published: June 2022

To develop machine learning models for accurate property prediction, the current graph networks are designed to give a sufficient representations of materials. However, the relationships between the atomic and structural inputs and many target properties are very complex, and even insensitive to the local environment. Here, we propose the elemental convolution (EC) operation to obtain a more general and global element-wise representations, and develop EC graph neural networks (ECNet) to accurately model material properties. We demonstrate that the ECNet models show better prediction in properties like band gaps, refractive index, and elastic moduli of crystals. The element-wise feature vectors are able to capture information of elemental types and crystal structures, and show a special characteristics related to its target properties. To explore its application on high entropy alloys, we focus on the properties modelling on CrFeNiCoMn/Pd high entropy alloys. Multi-task learning of ECNet models show its advantage in accuracy and convenience for multiple property predictions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transfer learning (TL) from the less-principal element alloys can enhance model performance in multiple-principal element alloys. Generally, the TL element-wise feature vectors extracted from parent model can be used as universal descriptors and retain good accuracy at small data limits when combined with simple multi-layer perceptrons. Finally, the TL framework is used to do interpolations in Fe-Co-Mn system to understand the underlying physics including the stability and magnetic moment.PACS numbers: 74.25.-q,71.15.-m,89.20.Ff
Evaluating the efficacy of electrical stimulation combined with ultrasound acupuncture therapy for intrauterine adhesions: study protocol for a single -center, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Xu Tao , Xie Li , Qin Xiaoling , Xie Xueting , Mo Sien , Jiang Qiu , Liang Feng , Zhu Xuehong , Li Bin , Lin Zhong
Published: June 2022

Background:Recurrence of postoperative adhesions is one of the most important factors for poor reproductive outcomes after hysteroscopic surgery, particularly in cases diagnosed with severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), where the recurrence rate is significantly higher. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the electrical muscle stimulation combined with ultrasound acupuncture (ULTRA-EMS) therapy in preventing the recurrence of IUAs and improving reproductive outcomes after operative hysteroscopy.Methods:This study is a single-center, randomized controlled trial. A total of 210 patients with intrauterine adhesions will be randomly assigned into two groups according to the ratio of 1:1, as the treatment group and the control group. Participants will receive the ULTRA-EMS therapy and oral hormone supplementation or receive oral hormone supplementation only. The primary outcome was the clinical response rate. There were three menstrual cycles of treatment and three menstrual cycles of follow-up in this study.Ethics and Dissemination: This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (approval number: KY-LL-2022-06). This trial will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki as well as Good Clinical Practice. Study results will be disseminated at academic presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial Registration: Registry name: Clinical value of electroultrasonic instrument in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions and changes of related protein expression; Registry number: ChiCTR2200058901; registration date: April 19th, 2022; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=166155.