bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who are the Young People Who Engage as Youth Representatives? Routes into Formal Youth Participation
Authors: Walther Andreas , Lüküslü Demet
Published: October 2021

Young people’s participation—or lack thereof—has been an area of broad debate in youth policy in recent decades. A key argument is that young people’s participation is seen as vital for the future of democracy (as young people are seen as the future of societies) and that youth policies need to establish youth representation structures where young people learn democratic citizenship like youth councils or youth parliaments. However, there is some ambivalence associated with such forms of participation. On the one hand, only a minority of young people seem to consider them a ‘real’ opportunity for influence, while, on the other hand, analysis has revealed the paternalistic structures of such adult-led youth participation. Both require and contribute to the reproduction of a specific adult citizenship habitus.

Indeed, some young people participate in youth representation which we refer to as ‘formal participation’. The aim of this paper is to understand why and how these young people actually engage in institutionalised forms of youth participation that according to most of their peers are ineffective and irrelevant. Research has been limited on this question to date, although—as we argue—such knowledge not only identifies the conditions and requirements under which young people follow the call of being ‘made’ citizens (Hall et al., 1999) but also sheds light on why so many young people do not participate in formal youth participation that they feel does not fit their needs and interests.

Based on qualitative interviews with young people involved in different forms of youth representation in three different European cities conducted in the context of a European research project, the paper adopts a biographical approach and aims to answer the question of what makes young people become and stay involved in youth councils, youth parliaments, and/or youth organisations. Against the background of exemplary biographical cases, key dimensions of formal participation biographies are elaborated that explain why certain young people are attracted to rather than deterred from acquiring an adult citizenship habitus. A key finding is that such biographies are not so much the result of value-driven education processes but are functional for coping with specific biographical constellations.
Margaret A. Simons, Rebel at Heart
Authors: Simons Margaret A. , Ruonakoski Erika
Published: October 2021

In this interview, Margaret A. Simons describes her path to philosophy and existentialism, her struggles in the male-dominated field in the 1960s and 1970s, and her political activism in the civil rights and women’s liberation movements. She also discusses her encounters with Simone de Beauvoir and Beauvoir’s refusal to own her philosophical originality, suggesting that Beauvoir may have adopted a more conventional narrative of a female intellectual to circumvent the public’s resistance to her radical ideas in the 1950s.
Beauvoir en Iran, d’ hier à aujourd’ hui
Authors: Chafiq Chahla
Published: October 2021

En Iran, la traduction de l’ œuvre de Beauvoir connaît, depuis les années 1950, un parcours virevoltant, qui croise les bouleversements de l’ histoire contemporaine du pays. L’ autrice du présent article souhaite comprendre cette réception contrastée, avant et après la révolution iranienne de 1979. Elle cerne l’ évolution socioculturelle et politique de l’ Iran contemporain, puis se penche sur le moment où la traduction s’ intéresse à Beauvoir. Elle termine par une réflexion sur l’ héritage beauvoirien actuel.
Michèle Le Dœuff, pionnière des études beauvoiriennes
Authors: Le Dœuff Michèle , Chaperon Sylvie , Rouch Marine
Published: October 2021

Michèle Le Dœuff est une philosophe qui a beaucoup contribué aux études beauvoiriennes, mais dont l’ apport a été sous-évalué. Pourtant, Le Dœuff a été la première à faire un travail critique, philosophique et féministe autour du Deuxième Sexe, d’ abord dans son célèbre article « Cheveux longs, idées courtes » (1977), puis de façon plus approfondie dans L’ Étude et le rouet (1989). Les études beauvoiriennes ont sans doute encore beaucoup à puiser dans l’ œuvre de Le Dœuff.
Who Wants to Live Forever? Astrological Methods for Calculating Lifespan in Western Culture and Perspectives on Determinism in Astrology
Authors: Avelar Helena
Published: October 2021

The calculation of an individual’s life span has been a constant presence in premodern astrological practice. It was used by physicians to calculate the expected life of a patient or to ascertain if an illness was likely to be fatal. On a personal level, this knowledge could also offer a means of control over one’s life and, more importantly, a way to prepare their access to a rewarding afterlife.

This article contains an overview of determinism in astrology and a brief survey of the main methodologies used to determine the length of life, exploring their history, primary sources, and variations from antiquity to the early modern period. Although it discusses to some extent the chief methods for determining the lifespan, an in-depth study of the techniques, with all their details and discrepancies is out of its scope. The goal is to correlate the astrological practice with different perspectives on determinism and free will.
On Graduate Studies
Authors: Gittleman Elena , Piñon Erin
Published: October 2021

In this article, Erin Piñon invites fellow art historian Elena Gittleman to comment on the role of performance in their work, and to offer a theoretical framework for understanding objects in ritual.
The development of international law through the lens of the Italian doctrine
Authors: Iovane Massimo
Published: October 2021

This review essay analyses a very interesting collection of essays providing a fresh examination of international law schools operating in Italy from the early medieval period to current times. The Essay will show that the book adopts a completely new presentation of this subject, offering thus an unbiased assessment of the doctrinal debate developed in between the two World Wars.
Art. 11 of the Italian Constitution between text and context
Authors: Cappuccio Laura
Published: October 2021

Luigi Bonanate’s book “Costituzione italiana: articolo 11” analyses Article 11 of the Italian Constitution through the prism of its application. Bonanate provides the reader, in a clear and compelling style, with a complete interpretation of Article 11, combining the analysis of the preparatory work in the Constituent Assembly with its doctrinal interpretation and political application. The book does not only analyse the drafting of this article, but also focuses on the “political history of Article 11”, on the contemporary debate by the scientific community and, finally, on its relations with the international legal system.
Integration policies and threat perceptions following the European migration crisis: New insights into the policy-threat nexus
Authors: De Coninck David , Solano Giacomo , Joris Willem , Meuleman Bart , d’Haenens Leen
Published: October 2021

The link between integration policies and intergroup attitudes or threat perceptions has received considerable attention. However, no studies so far have been able to explore how this relationship changed following the European migration crisis due to a lack of recent comparative policy data. Using new MIPEX data, this is the first study to examine mechanisms underlying the policy-threat nexus following the European migration crisis, distinguishing between several strands of integration policies, and realistic and symbolic threat. To do so, we combine 2017 Eurobarometer data with 2017 Migrant Integration Policy data, resulting in a sample of 28,080 respondents nested in 28 countries. The analyses also control for economic conditions, outgroup size, and media freedom. Multilevel analyses indicate that respondents living in countries with more inclusive integration policies in general report lower realistic and symbolic threat. When investigating different policy strands, we find that inclusive policies regarding political participation and access to nationality for immigrants are associated with lower realistic and symbolic threat. We compare our findings to those from prior to the European migration crisis and discuss the potential role of this crisis in the policy-threat nexus.
Pseudo-random number generation based on digit isolation referenced to entropy buffers
Authors: Richardson Joseph D
Published: October 2021

Unpredictable pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) are presented based on dissociated components with only coincidental interaction. The first components involve pointers taken from series of floating point numbers (float streams) arising from arithmetic. The pointers are formed by isolating generalized digits sufficiently far from the most significant digits in the float streams and may be combined into multi-digit pointers. The pointers indicate draw locations from the second component which are entropy decks having one or more cards corresponding to the elements used to assemble random numbers. Like playing cards, decks are cut and riffle-shuffled based on rules using digits appearing in the simulations. The various ordering states of the cards provide entropy to the PRNGs. The dual nature of the PRNGs is novel since they can operate either entirely on pointer variability to fixed decks or on shuffling variability using fixed pointer locations. Each component, pointers and dynamic entropy, is dissociated from the other and independently shown to pass stringent statistical tests with the other held as fixed; a “gold standard” mode involves changing the coincidental interaction between these two strong emulators of randomness by either cutting or shuffling prior to each draw. Gold standard modes may be useful in cryptography and in assessing tests themselves. One PRNG contains [Formula: see text] states in the entropy pool, another generates integers approximately 50% faster than the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) PRNG with similar empirical performance, and a third generates full double-precision floats at speeds comparable to unsigned integer rates of the AES PRNG.
Stress and Supportive Care Needs of Millennial Caregivers: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Thomas Hebdon Megan C. , Jones Miranda , Neller Sara , Kent-Marvick Jacqueline , Thomas Michael , Stewart Elina , Aaron Siobhan , Wilson Christina , Peterson Neil , Ellington Lee
Published: October 2021

Millennial caregivers, born between 1981 and 1996, are an understudied caregiver group. They experience stress-related consequences of caregiving and are unique in their developmental stage and generational norms. The purpose of this study was to understand the context of caregiving and stressors for these caregivers. In total, 42 caregivers were recruited through Research Match and social media platforms. Caregivers completed online surveys with open-ended response questions and 15 caregivers completed semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed deductively and inductively using the Stress Process Model as a framework. Millennial caregivers described uncertainty and disruption as overarching experiences. Stressors related to balancing caregiving, work, and family responsibilities were most prominent. Caregivers reported needing support from friends/family, health care team members, community, and work/governmental policy. Mental health treatment was identified as most helpful for managing stress. Millennial caregivers have distinctive contexts that impact their caregiving needs. Caregiving interventions must take these needs into consideration.
Excellence, equity, and talent development: Time to retire the g-word
Authors: Gentry Marcia
Published: October 2021

This essay offers six reasons why the field of gifted education should retire the terms giftedness and gifted. Additionally, in the historical context of longstanding, severe, and pervasive racial and income inequities in the field of gifted education, the term Master’s Discourse is introduced and defined in this call to change terminology. Among the reasons to move on from the gifted terminology are its racist history; its association with underrepresentation; waning support for gifted programming; years of debate in the field over the use of these terms; issues with giftedness being narrowly defined by ability tests; and the need for language to evolve.
Childhood maltreatment amplifies the association between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms among rural African American couples
Authors: King Victoria , Lavner Justin A. , Bryant Chalandra M. , Beach Steven R. H.
Published: October 2021

Despite considerable literature documenting associations between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms, there has been relatively little direct examination of this association among African American couples. Likewise, little research has investigated factors that may exacerbate this association. The current study addressed this gap by investigating longitudinal associations between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms among 344 rural African American couples and by examining whether experiences of childhood maltreatment (i.e., childhood physical neglect and childhood physical abuse) amplify this association. Results indicated relationship functioning and depressive symptoms were negatively associated, initially and over time, for both men and women. Additionally, childhood maltreatment moderated several of these associations, such that associations between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms were generally strongest for those reporting greater levels of childhood maltreatment. This pattern of results suggests that experiences of childhood maltreatment may amplify negative associations between adult relationship functioning and depressive symptoms among African American couples, providing further evidence that adverse family-of-origin experiences can contribute to negative consequences later in the life course.
Different effects of L1 and L2 phonology on L3 lexical learning: An ERP study
Authors: Mulík Stanislav , Carrasco-Ortiz Haydée
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the influence of phonological word representations from both first language (L1) and second language (L2) on third language (L3) lexical learning in L1-dominant Spanish–English bilinguals. More specifically, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to determine whether L1 Spanish and L2 English phonology modulates bilinguals’ brain response to newly learned L3 Slovak words, some of which had substantial phonological overlap with either L1 or L2 words (interlingual homophones) in comparison to matched control words with little or no phonological overlap. ERPs were recorded from a group of 20 Spanish–English bilinguals in response to 120 auditory Slovak words, both before and after a three-day-long learning period during which they associated the L3 Slovak novel words with their L1 Spanish translations. Behaviorally, both L1 Spanish and L2 English homophony facilitated the learning of L3 Slovak words in a similar manner. In contrast, the electrophysiological results of the post-training ERPs, but not the pre-training ERPs, showed an N100 effect for L2 English interlingual homophones and opposite N400 effects for L1 Spanish and L2 English interlingual homophones in comparison to control words. These findings suggest different neurocognitive mechanisms in the use of L1 and L2 phonological information when learning novel words in an L3.
Low-level laser therapy and static stretching exercises for patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Robbins Sarah R , Alfredo Patrícia P , Junior Washington S , Marques Amelia P
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To investigate the laser effect associated with stretching exercise on pain and functionality in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design

A randomised controlled trial

Setting

Special Rehabilitation Services.

Subjects

We enrolled 215 knee osteoarthritis patients (430 knees were treated).

Intervention

Group Laser + Stretch ( n = 43), Placebo + Stretch ( n = 43), Stretch ( n = 43), Laser ( n = 43) and Control ( n = 43) were treated with active laser and stretching exercises; placebo laser and stretching exercises; stretching exercises; active laser, and control, respectively. Interventions were conducted 3 times a week for 8 or 11 weeks.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the change in knee pain and disability. Secondary outcomes included severity of osteoarthritis, mobility, knee range of motion, flexibility, activity, severity of osteoarthritis and medication intake for pain relief.

Results

The patients’ average age was 63.52 (6.8) years. Pain scores at baseline and post treatment ( p < 0.001) were 7.43 (2.10) and 2.79 (1.92) for group Laser + Stretch, 7.39 (1.98) and 4.47 (2.82) for group Placebo + Stretch, 6.83 (1.42) and 4.24 (2.43) for group Stretch, 6.61 (1.68) and 2.94 (2.65) for group Laser, 6.74 (1.75) and 6.47 (2.29) for group Control, respectively. Disability score at baseline and post treatment ( p = 0.000237) were 12.36 (5.02) and 8.08 (4.64) for group Laser + Stretch, 12.71 (5.12) and 9.90 (4.95) for group Placebo + Stretch, 11.83 (2.77) and 7.20 (5.28) for group Stretch, 11.58 (5.59) and 8.21 (6.18) for group Laser, 11.23 (4.68) and 11.45 (4.83) for group Control, respectively.

Conclusion

Laser therapy combined with stretching exercises improves pain during rest, activities of daily living, stiffness, muscle shortening and range of motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Communicating Reform: Testing an Apology for Police History as a Supplement to a Policy Communication
Authors: Benton Mark
Published: October 2021

Policing in the United States has a racist history, with negative implications for its legitimacy among African Americans today. Legitimacy is important for policing's effective operations. Community policing may improve policing's legitimacy but is difficult to implement with fidelity and does not address history. An apology for policing's racist history may work as a legitimizing supplement to community policing. On the other hand, an apology may be interpreted as words without changes in practices. Using a survey vignette experiment on Amazon's Mechanical Turk to sample African Americans, this research tests the legitimizing effect of a supplemental apology for historical police racism during a community policing policy announcement. Statistical findings suggest that supplementing the communication with an apology imparted little to no additional legitimacy on policing among respondents. Qualitative data suggested a rationale: Apologies need not indicate future equitable behavior or policy implementation, with implementation itself seeming crucial for police legitimacy improvements.
Myocardial uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE: correlation with cardiac disease and risk factors
Authors: Itani Malak , Haq Adeel , Amin Manik , Mhlanga Joyce , Lenihan Daniel , Iravani Amir , Trikalinos Nikolaos A
Published: October 2021

Background

Myocardial uptake on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is often observed and its clinical relevance is poorly understood.

Purpose

To detect any correlation between myocardial uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE and presence of cardiac disease or risk factors.

Material and Methods

In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, we reviewed 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scans in our institution between 1 May 2018 and 30 September 2018. A semi-quantitative score (MUS) for myocardial uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE was developed by measuring mean standardized uptake value (SUV) in five myocardial regions, corrected by blood pool activity, and MUS was validated between two readers. We investigated the relationship between MUS and presence of cardiac disease or risk factors, including Framingham score and coronary calcification.

Results

A total of 145 scans were included (79 women; mean age = 56.9  ±  13.7 years). Inter-reader agreement was excellent with intraclass correlation coefficient (r)  =  0.964 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.903–0.987; P < 0.001). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between MUS and presence of coronary calcifications (Spearman rho  =  0.20; P = 0.016). MUS was higher in patients with heart disease or risk factors (n = 83, mean MUS 2.03, 95% CI = 1.85–2.21) compared to those without (n = 23, mean MUS 1.40, 95% CI = 1.17–1.62; P < 0.001), although the cardiac disease group was older with a higher percentage of men (62.0 years, 57.8% men compared to 47.6 years, 13.0% men; P value <0.0001 for both comparisons).

Conclusion

For patients undergoing 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan, an elevated MUS might indicate an underlying heart disease.
Retinal nerve fiber layer characteristics in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a retrospective case series
Authors: Feng Li-Guo , Chen Ying , He Fei-Fang , Yao Yu-Feng
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thicknesses, included ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH).

Methods

This was a retrospective, nonrandom, observational case series study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and systemic examinations were performed. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography scanning was used to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular volume.

Results

In total, 108 eyes in 54 patients with SIH were evaluated; these were compared with 108 eyes in 54 healthy controls. The mean ages were 38.2 ± 9.4 years (patients with SIH) and 38.9 ± 9.4 years (healthy controls). In both groups, 33 patients were women (61.1%). The peripapillary RNFL and GCIPL were thinner in patients with SIH than in healthy controls (100.08 ± 9.94 µm vs 104.83 ± 8.35 µm and 81.46 ± 5.67 µm vs 85.67 ± 4.57 µm, respectively). Among patients with SIH, the GCIPL was thinner in patients with visual field defects (79.81 ± 5.62 µm vs 82.39 ± 5.12 µm).

Conclusions

The RNFL and GCIPL were thinner in patients with SIH than in healthy controls. The GCIPL was thinner in eyes with visual field defects among patients with SIH.
Attribute specification effect on hedonic and utilitarian options
Authors: Liu Hsin-Hsien , Chou Hsuan-Yi
Published: October 2021

Integrating ideas and theories from the numerosity effect and utilitarian/hedonic consumption, this research explores how hedonic and utilitarian attributes specified with contracted and expanded specifications affect consumer preferences. Results from two experiments indicate an expanded utilitarian attribute enhances consumer preference for choosing the utilitarian option. However, an expanded hedonic attribute does not influence preference for choosing the hedonic option. The relative perceived guilt of the hedonic option and the perceived attractiveness of the utilitarian option mediate the effect. Acquisition format (purchase vs windfall) moderates this effect by influencing consumers’ perceived guilt from choosing the hedonic option.

JEL Classification: C91, D12, M31
Toward an Indigenizing, Anti-Colonial Framework for Adolescent Development Research
Authors: Petrone Robert , González Ybarra Adrianna , Rink Nicholas
Published: October 2021

As a means to disrupt the historical and present narratives of adolescence and adolescent development, which often build upon and reify settler colonialism and white supremacy, this article calls for theoretical and methodological reconsiderations of colonial-centered developmental science, particularly regarding Native American youth. Thus situated, this article has two purposes. The first is to illuminate the constitutive nature of settler colonialism, white supremacy, and the constructs of adolescence and adolescent development—and the ways these continue to adversely impact Indigenous youth. From this exigency, the second purpose is to articulate a framework designed to inform developmental science’s anti-racist aims, especially related to disrupting ongoing settler colonialism, engaging in culturally humble inquiry with Native youth and communities, and supporting Indigenous (youth) futurity. To elucidate this framework, this article brings together Native youth-focused developmental research, Indigenous methodologies scholarship, and experiences gained and lessons learned from a long-term research project with Native youth.
Acknowledging Bias and Pursuing Protections to Support Anti-Racist Developmental Science: Critical Contributions of Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory
Authors: Spencer Margaret Beale
Published: October 2021

American racism is deeply engrained in the nation’s ecology including its chronosystem and contributes to the nation’s unavoidably shared vulnerability. Interrogating an accurate portrayal of the nation’s history is informative for securing anti-racist research. This special issue commentary discusses the role of Spencer’s phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST) as a means of providing an epistemic framing for disentangling and directly addressing the problem of structural racism in the conduct of science. Additionally it demonstrates the efficacy of PVEST and offers conclusions as opportunities for achieving anti-racist scholarship especially significant to adolescents’ well-being and the improved conduct of developmental science.
Breastfeeding Mother and Child Clinical Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Low Jia Ming , Lee Le Ye , Ng Yvonne Peng Mei , Zhong Youjia , Amin Zubair
Published: October 2021

Background:

Pre-approval clinical trials of the Pfizer/BioNTech messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2 did not include participants who were breastfeeding. Therefore, there is limited evidence about outcomes of breastfeeding mother–child dyads and effects on breastfeeding after vaccination.

Research Aims:

To determine: (1) solicited adverse effects (e.g., axillary lymphadenopathy, mastitis, and breast engorgement), which are unique to lactating individuals; and (2) systemic and local adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine on mothers and potential effects on their breastfed infants.

Method:

This was a prospective cohort study of lactating healthcare workers ( N = 88) in Singapore who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination (Pfizer/BioNTech). The outcomes of mother–child dyads within 28 days after the second vaccine dose were determined through a participant-completed questionnaire.

Results:

Minimal effects related to breastfeeding were reported by this cohort; three of 88 (3.4%) participants had mastitis, one (1.1%) participant experienced breast engorgement, five of 88 (5.7%) participants reported cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy. There was no change in human milk supply after vaccination. The most common side effect was pain/redness/swelling at the injection site, which was experienced by 57 (64.8%) participants. There were no serious adverse events of anaphylaxis or hospital admissions. There were no short-term adverse effects reported in the infants of 67 lactating participants who breastfed within 72 hr after BNT162b2 vaccination.

Conclusions:

BNT162b2 vaccination was well tolerated in lactating participants and was not associated with short-term adverse effects in their breastfed infants.

Study Protocol Registration:

The study protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04802278).
Types of Caregiving Experience and Their Association With Caregiver Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life
Authors: Sung Pildoo , Goh Veronica Shimin , Azman Nur Diyana , Visaria Abhijit , Malhotra Rahul
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study examines distinct types of caregiving experience, each formed by varied combinations of caregiving burden and benefits, and their association with caregiver depressive symptoms and quality of life. Methods: We apply latent profile analysis and multivariable regression to data on 278 caregivers participating in the Caregiving Transitions among Family Caregivers of Elderly Singaporeans (TraCE) study in 2019–2020. Results: We identify four caregiving experience types: (1) balanced (low burden and moderate benefits, 40% of caregivers), (2) satisfied (low burden and high benefits, 33%), (3) intensive (high burden and high benefits, 17%), and (4) dissatisfied (moderate burden and low benefits, 10%). Caregivers with dissatisfied and intensive caregiving experience tend to report higher depressive symptoms and lower quality of life compared to those with satisfied caregiving experience. Discussion: A person-centered approach helps capture the heterogeneity in caregiving experience. Policymakers should develop tailored interventions by caregiving experience types for promoting caregiver well-being.
Humour and TikTok memes during the 2020 pandemic lockdown: Tensions of gender and care faced by Chinese mothers working from home
Authors: Han Xiao , Kuipers Giselinde
Published: October 2021

This article examines a humorous meme that emerged on Chinese TikTok during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Using #workfromhomewithchildcare, Chinese working mothers shared humorous clips of their experience of working from home with their children who were also at home during the pandemic lockdown. By analysing the themes, protagonists, and humour techniques of a sample of 85 videos, we ask why the mood of these clips is so strongly marked by humour, and what this tells us about contemporary Chinese society, particularly about the position of women and mothers. We show that these memetic clips consist of three distinct genres of mothers working from home: (1) ‘balancing mothers’ who balance between work and childcare, (2) ‘pedagogic mothers’ who give childcare tips, and (3) ‘commercially oriented’ mothers who offer tutorials by means of product placement and advertisement. While these memes express what Mary Douglas called ‘a joke in the social structure’ without offering either relief or critique, they do create an online joking culture that offers temporary relief as well as awareness that others are in the same position. Our analysis tempers enthusiastic claims about both the critical potential of humour and the new ‘liberating’ affordances offered by digital platforms to produce liberating female spaces.
A Salient Sugar Tax Decreases Sugary-Drink Buying
Authors: Donnelly Grant E. , Guge Paige M. , Howell Ryan T. , John Leslie K.
Published: October 2021

Many governments have introduced sugary-drink excise taxes to reduce purchasing and consumption of such drinks; however, they do not typically stipulate how such taxes should be communicated at the point of purchase. Historical, field, and experimental data consisting of more than 225,000 purchase decisions indicated that introducing a $0.01-per-ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax—without making it salient on price tags—had no significant effect on purchasing (−1.26%, p = .28). However, when the phrase “includes sugary drink tax” was added to tax-inclusive price tags, SSB purchasing was lower than (a) in the pretax period (−9.78%, p < .001), (b) in a posttax period when drinks did not bear price tags (−5.04%, p < .001), and (c) in a posttax period when drinks bore tax-inclusive price tags that did not mention the tax (−3.83%, p = .002). Making the tax’s beneficiary (student programs) salient on price tags had no added effect. Two follow-up studies suggested that tax salience was effective partly because consumers overestimated the tax amount, leading to reduced purchase intentions.
A comparative assessment of performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fuelled with ternary blends of two higher alcohols with lemongrass oil biodiesel and diesel fuel
Authors: Seeniappan Kaliappan , Venkatesan Balaji , Krishnan Nithyanandan Navaneetha , Kandhasamy Thanigavelmurugan , Arunachalam Shanmugam , Seeta Raghuram Kandregula , Depoures Melvin Victor
Published: October 2021

Utilisation of high carbon alcohols in diesel engines as fuel is gaining importance among researchers because of its better fuel properties that are compatible with mineral diesel. The present study utilises two such alcohols namely octanol and decanol along with diesel and biodiesel derived from lemongrass. Two ternary blends, 50% by volume of diesel – 30% by volume of biodiesel – 20% by volume of octanol, and 50% by volume of diesel – 30% by volume of biodiesel – 20% by volume of decanol, were prepared, and different engine characteristics were analysed and compared with both neat diesel and biodiesel operation. Results indicated that peak cylinder pressure lowered with the ternary blend. Peak heat release rate was higher for octanol blend. When compared with octanol blend, 2.5% higher brake thermal efficiency was observed for decanol blend. However, still, the brake thermal efficiency was 3.5% lower than the diesel operation. The oxides of nitrogen emission for decanol blend were 4% lower than octanol blend. In general, smoke emission was lower for higher alcohol blends in comparison with the binary blend operation. Among the higher alcohol blends, octanol portrayed a 15% lower smoke opacity. Both the hydrocarbon emission and the carbon monoxide emission increased with higher alcohol blends. The study revealed that 1-decanol could be a potential fuel candidate for diesel engines operating with biomass-derived lemongrass oil biodiesel.
Salomón Hakim, MD (1922–2011): A honeymoon with Neurosurgery
Authors: Jaramillo-Velásquez Daniel , Hakim Fernando , Demetriades Andreas K
Published: October 2021

Salomón Hakim (1922–2011) was a Colombian neurosurgeon and brain scientist This biography examines the social and cultural background through which he emerged as an inquisitive and multi-dimensional surgeon-scientist, and his lifelong contributions to the specialty of neurosurgery. With empirical knowledge in applied medical physics, electronics, electricity and chemistry, he understood the paradoxical phenomenon of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This ultimately led Hakim to describe in exquisite detail the physics of the cranial cavity and brain hydrodynamics. His name is intertwined with the identification of the entity of a syndrome which had not previously been addressed in the medical literature: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim's syndrome). Additionally, he designed and built various models of valved shunting devices to treat the condition (eg the Hakim programmable valve). Through his selflessness and cogent work, Hakim left a legacy and intellectual heritage that has allowed many colleagues worldwide to save thousands of lives who would be otherwise condemned to oblivion.
Informality of Media Freelancers in Indonesia: Motives and Prospects
Authors: Luik Jandy E. , Aritonang Agusly I.
Published: October 2021

This article presents our analysis of the nature of informality of media freelancers and its implications to creative workers. Employing a series of 15 interviews, we offer an interpretive understanding through the subjective experience of the Indonesian media freelancers. Accordingly, we analyse the participants’ responses in four dimensions of informality: personal, professional, technological and social. This analysis brings up a discussion about the flexibility, challenges and opportunities of working as a media freelancer. Specifically, three themes emerged from our discussion: motivations of doing freelance, managing ‘uncertainty’ through creativity and self-management, and the importance of social–technological infrastructure. Considering the demographic bonus in Indonesia, we suggest a future research agenda towards the potentials of informality of media freelancers. This future direction would shed light on whether the informality, on the one hand, can lead to the casualization of work, or, on the other hand, can lead to the idea of flexibility and self-management of media freelancers.
Configurations of hope at the Afghanistan National Institute of Music
Authors: Howell Gillian
Published: October 2021

In settings of conflict and hardship, education can be a portal through which future lives are imagined. Experiences of schooling are thus tied closely to the generation of hope and the transformation of young lives. The goal of the Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM), a vocational music school in Kabul, is to transform lives through music and education, by restoring music practices, cultural rights, and the country’s relationships with the rest of the world. Hope is central to this multi-faceted project and is cultivated within the school, strategically, as a source of protection and a driver of desired change.

Conceptual in scope, this article explores how hope was situated and configured within the learning experience at ANIM and entwined with the school’s transformation goals during the years 2015–2017. Using concepts of hope from critical anthropology and sociology and thematic analysis of interviews with ANIM students and teachers, it presents four configurations of hope at ANIM. It examines how these configurations were produced, nurtured, and distributed through activities, organisational culture, and environmental factors, in varying degrees of intensity and dynamism. In so doing, this article shows hope to be a complex and ambivalent resource for social impact in contexts in which music education, social transformation goals, and international aid converge. Hope produces agencies that can drive transformation, but it is always shaped and conditioned by the complex challenges and power asymmetries of the wider context.
Staff Wellbeing and Retention in Children’s Social Work: Systematic Review of Interventions
Authors: Turley Ruth , Roberts Sophie , Foster Catherine , Warner Nell , El-Banna Asmaa , Evans Rhiannon , Nurmatov Ulugbek , Walpita Yasaswi , Scourfield Jonathan
Published: October 2021

Objective: To systematically review international evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions targeting the mental health, wellbeing, and retention of child and family social workers and their impact on child and family outcomes.Method:Systematic review and narrative synthesis of quantitative comparative studies. Published or unpublished research was sought via 12 bibliographic databases, websites, contact with experts, and citation tracking. Studies in any language were eligible for inclusion. Quality was assessed using Cochrane appraisal tools.Results: Fifteen studies were identified from 24 papers. Three studies considered individual-level interventions, with mixed and inconclusive findings. Eleven considered organisational interventions, with mixed but more promising findings. One study considered community-level interventions, with positive findings but a serious risk of bias. Only one study considered costs.Conclusion: The quality of evidence overall does not warrant clear recommendations for services. Organisation-level interventions show some promise. Robust, high-quality interventional studies are needed.
Attachment Orientations Mediate the Effect of World Assumptions on Posttraumatic Stress in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Ferrajão Paulo , Elklit Ask
Published: October 2021

Recent research indicates that world assumptions are broad cognitive-affective schemas that affect attachment orientations in close relationships which in turn affect psychological symptoms severity. The present study analyzed if adult attachment mediated the effect of world assumptions (worthiness of the self, benevolence and meaningfulness of the world) on PTSD symptoms (PTS), in survivors of childhood sexual abuse during treatment for PTSD. Sample included 327 individuals who were sexually abused in childhood. Variables were assessed using self-report measures. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine if the effect of world assumptions at the beginning of psychotherapeutic treatment (T1) on PTS levels 12 months after the beginning of psychotherapeutic treatment (T3) was mediated by both attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety six months after the beginning of treatment (T2). Attachment avoidance fully mediated the effect of both worthiness of the self and benevolence of the world at T1 on PTS at T3 was mediated by both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance at T2. Findings suggest that world assumptions are broad cognitive-affective schemas about the self and the world that have their actual expression in close relationships which mediate the effect of world assumptions on PTS levels.
Significance of MPV, RDW and PDW with the Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 and Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Use
Authors: Aydınyılmaz Faruk , Aksakal Emrah , Pamukcu Hilal Erken , Aydemir Selim , Doğan Remziye , Saraç İbrahim , Aydın Sidar Şiyar , Kalkan Kamuran , Gülcü Oktay , Tanboğa İbrahim Halil
Published: October 2021

We aimed to investigate association between mean platelet volume (MVP), platelet distribution width (PDW) and red cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and find out in which patients the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) affects the prognosis due to the effect of MPV on thromboxan A2. A total of 5142 patients were divided into those followed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and those followed in the ward. Patient medical records were examined retrospectively. ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.714, 0.750, 0.843 for MPV, RDW and D-Dimer, the cutoff value was 10.45fl, 43.65fl, 500.2 ng/mL respectively. (all P < .001). Survival analysis showed that patients with MPV >10.45 f/l and D-Dimer >500.2 ng/mL, treatment with ASA had lower in-hospital and 180-day mortality than patients without ASA in ICU patients (HR = 0.773; 95% CI = 0.595-0.992; P = .048, HR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.590-0.987; P = .036). Administration of low-dose ASA in addition to anti-coagulant according to MPV and D-dimer levels reduces mortality.
Promoting Quality of Life and Safety in Assisted Living: A Survey of State Monitoring and Enforcement Agents
Authors: Kaskie Brian , Xu Lili , Taylor Seamus , Smith Lindsey , Cornell Portia , Zhang Wenhan , Carder Paula , Thomas Kali
Published: October 2021

Our goal was to learn about monitoring and enforcement of state assisted living (AL) regulations. Using survey responses provided in 2019 from administrative agents across 48 states, we described state agency structures, accounted for operational processes concerning monitoring and enforcement, and documented data collecting and public reporting efforts. In half of the states, oversight of AL was dispersed across three or more agencies, and administrative support varied in terms of staffing and budget allocations. Operations also varied. While most agents could deploy a range of monitoring and enforcement tools, less than half compiled data concerning inspections, violations, and penalties. Less than 10 states shared such information in a manner that was easily accessible to the public. Future research should determine how these varied administrative structures and processes deter or contribute to AL communities’ efforts to implement regulations designed to promote quality of life and provide for the safety of residents.
Evaluation of antioxidant, organic acid, and volatile compounds in coffee pulp wine fermented with native yeasts isolated from coffee cherries
Authors: Bae Hyung Min , Haile Mesfin , Kang Won Hee
Published: October 2021

In this study, coffee pulp was examined as a starting material to make alcoholic beverages (coffee pulp wine) and yeast fermentation ability. We have evaluated five yeasts, three of which were previously isolated from the coffee cherry, and the other two were commercial yeasts. The pH, °Brix, viable yeast cells, and color parameters of coffee pulp wines were measured. The antioxidant activity of coffee pulp wine were measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Relatively, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition percentage of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (strain KNU18Y4) fermented coffee pulp wine was higher than that of other yeasts. Coffee pulp wine fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Fermivin) had higher ferric reducing antioxidant power values. Coffee pulp wine fermented with S. fibuligera (strain KNU18Y4) produced higher total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Coffee pulp wine fermented with S. cerevisiae (strain KNU18Y12) had lower total tannin content compared to other treatments. The citric and malic acid contents were higher in coffee pulp wine fermented with S. cerevisiae (strain Fermivin). On the other hand, high lactic and acetic acid produced, with coffee pulp wine fermented with S. fibuligera (strain KNU18Y4). Ethyl alcohol was the most abundant volatile compound found in all treatments.
A Systematic Review of the Needs of Dementia Caregivers Across Care Settings
Authors: Mueller Anne , Thao Lesley , Condon Olivia , Liebzeit Daniel , Fields Beth
Published: October 2021

The U.S. population of older adults living with dementia is projected to double by 2060. They rely on over 16 million family and unpaid caregivers to provide for their increasingly complex needs and care transitions. Caregivers frequently feel underprepared and without adequate support or access to resources. This systematic review seeks to identify the needs of family and unpaid caregivers of older adults living with dementia across various care settings in the U.S. A systematic search was conducted to identify articles pertaining to the needs of caregivers of older adults living with dementia. The data extraction tool was developed using aspects from the Care Transitions Framework and the Family Caregiver Alliance. Data were organized based on 3 domains of caregiver needs and the care setting(s) of the older adults living with dementia and their caregivers. A total of 31 articles were eligible for inclusion. The majority met the MMAT screening criteria, but more than half only met 2 or less of the 5 quality criteria. Caregivers’ needs were identified in the care settings of home/community-residing, assisted living, long-term care, skilled nursing, and memory care. Most articles either did not specify a care setting or included more than 1 and did not report the findings separately. Caregivers in each care setting, except memory care, identified needs in all 3 of the following domains: (1) social support—formal and informal, (2) confidence, competence, and strengths in the caregiving role, and (3) values and preferences.
‘I want to video it, so people will respect me’: Nauiyu community, digital platforms and trauma
Authors: Morris Gavin , Groom Rachel A , Schuberg Emma Louise , Dowden-Parker Sarah , Ungunmerr-Baumann Miriam-Rose , McTaggart Aaron , Carlson Bronwyn
Published: October 2021

The Edge of Sacred project was conducted with the Nauiyu community in northern Australia and investigated trauma and traditional healing practices. Study participants from the community identified negative social changes and an escalation in anti-social behaviour, such as higher rates of bullying, violence, risky sexual behaviour and children accessing pornography, when mobile phones and social networking sites were used inappropriately. The research utilised Dadirri, a place-based, performative healing praxis that engaged community members in a truth-telling journey. Shared stories revealed social impacts derived from accessing mobile technologies and the ensuing cultural colonisation affected all aspects of Nauiyu community life. We present the findings of mobile phone use behaviours in this remote context and the performance of negative, traumatised and harmful identities that occupy social media and are enabled through social networking sites. Despite the corrosive effects of colonisation, the community unanimously believed that empowerment through truth-telling exists within and belongs to Nauiyu. The traditional holistic healing practice of Dadirri reframes identities, reclaiming Indigenous Lore.