bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Health Supply Chain Performance of Primary Health Care Units, Gamo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Aynoshe Adio , Fenta Teferi Gedif , Gebregeorgise Dawit Teshome
Published: September 2022

Method
A convergent parallel mixed-method was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 46 primary healthcare units between April 01 and May 30, 2021. The study employed stratified simple random sampling method. It was due to variation in LMIS reporting schedule; number and types of tracer drugs being handled; and pharmaceutical storage capacity among levels of primary healthcare units. Logistics records and reports, service registers, physical observation, and interview of key informants were sources of data. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The result was presented in mean, percentage, and standard deviation. Qualitative data on public health supply chain challenges were collected from key informants using a semi-structured interview guide. The data were analyzed manually using inductive thematic approach and the result was narrated.
Results
The study revealed that public health supply chain performance of primary health care unit in Gamo zone was low. Inventory management KPIs, LMIS report KPIs, and storage condition KPIs were below the national standard. Means of availability (64.8%±14.8%), stocked according to plan (16.5%±9.5%), inventory accuracy rate (65%±17.2%), and stock out rate (64.9%±9.8%) of tracer drugs in primary health care units deviate from ideal. Likewise, means of LMIS report accuracy rate (64%± 13.6%) and LMIS report completeness (80%±15) for primary healthcare units were lower than the standard. Only 81% of assessed primary health care units adhere to good storage practices. In general, public health supply chain performance decreases across the levels of primary health care units in Gamo zone. LMIS report quality; pharmaceutical distribution; storage condition; public transportation access; supply chain workforce training and motivation; budgeting and finance for logistics activity; and low management support were reported as prevailing challenges.
Conclusion
Inventory management, LMIS reporting, and storage practices are areas where public health supply chain performance gaps identified. These lead to wastage and interruption of essential medicines, affecting the quality of healthcare delivery at each level of primary healthcare unit.
The Efficacy of Antibiotic and α–Blocker Combination Therapy versus Antibiotic Monotherapy in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agung Natanael , Widia Fina , Rahardjo Harrina , Rasyid Nur , Birowo Ponco , Taher Akmal
Published: September 2022

Objective
This study attempted to explore an alpha-blocker regimen's efficacy and antibiotics versus antibiotics as monotherapy in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).
Methods
We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane/CENTRAL, EBSCOHost/CINAHL, ProQuest, and Scopus with specific keywords adjusted to each search engine on January 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing antibiotics monotherapy with combination therapy of antibiotics and alpha-blockers in CP/CPPS patients, lasting at least four weeks, was included in the study. The study eligibility assessment, data extraction, and study quality assessment were carried out by each author independently and in duplication.
Results
A total of six low to high-quality studies, with 396 patients participating in the study. Two reviews reported lower NIH-CPSI total scores in the monotherapy arm at week six. Only one study reported otherwise. On day 90, the NIH-CPSI score was found to be lower in the combination group. In the pain, urinary, and quality of life domain, most studies agree that combination therapy is not superior to monotherapy. However, on day 90, all domains were found to be lower in the combination therapy arm. Responder rates were found to vary between studies. Only four out of six studies reported a response rate. Responder rates were lower in the combination group at six weeks of observation. On day 90, responder rates were found to be better in the combination group.
Conclusion
The combination therapy of antibiotics and alpha-blocker therapy is not substantially better than antibiotic monotherapy in the first six weeks of treatment for CP/CPPS patients. This result might not be applicable in a longer duration of treatment.
Illusion of Invulnerability, Risky Behavior, and Social standards amongst Pakistani University Undergraduates in Coronavirus disease-2019
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Rasheed Abdul
Published: September 2022

This research inspects even if the illusion of invulnerability in Coronavirus disease-2019 among persons raises uncertain behavior via questionnaire statistics of university undergraduates in Pakistan. We investigate whether members' illusion of invulnerability varies depending on their point of intimacy with other people. Research detected that the classmates' presence in the place of neighbourhoods/guests creates members with greater Coronavirus disease-2019 illusion of invulnerability disposed to take more threats. As well, it is observed that preventive behavioral standards tailed by members lessen uncertain behavior amongst members with the greater illusion of invulnerability. Our research results suggest significant inferences for officials to reduce the spread of the virus among university undergraduates.
Extraction of Avocado Peel Oil Using a Soxhlet Extractor and Investigation of Its Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Muleta Melkiyas Diriba , Daba Bulcha Jifara , Dube Abnet Mengesha , Ramesh R.
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the extraction of avocado peel oil from avocado peel using a soxhlet extractor at different extraction times, temperatures, and solvent to avocado peel ratios using hexane solvent. The time for extraction ranges from 2 to 5 h, the extraction temperature ranges from 60 to 70°C at a temperature deviation of ± 2°C, and the hexane to avocado peel ratio ranges from 4 to 5 ml/g. Thus, the study reveals that the maximum amount of 29.93% w/w avocado peel oil was extracted at 3 h of extraction, at the boiling point of hexane, and at a 5 ml/g of hexane to avocado peel ratio. For varying extraction temperatures at constant hexane to avocado peel ratio, the optimum avocado peel oil was obtained at 70 ± 2℃ extraction temperature and 4.5 h of extraction time. Finally, the obtained oil was characterized for its physicochemical properties, from which an acid value of 2.8 mg KOH/g of oil and a free fatty acid of 1.4% were obtained from the study.
Thousands of conductance levels in memristors monolithically integrated on CMOS
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Rao Mingyi , Tang Hao , Wu Jiang-Bin , Song Wenhao , Zhang Max , Yin Wenbo , Zhuo Ye , Kiani Fatemeh , Chen Benjamin , Liu Hefei , Chen Hung-Yu , Midya Rivu , Ye Fan , Jiang Hao , Wang Zhongrui , Wu Mingche , Hu Miao , Wang Han , Xia Qiangfei , Ge Glenn , Li Ju
Published: September 2022

Neural networks based on memristive devices have shown potential in substantially improving throughput and energy efficiency for machine learning and artificial intelligence, especially in edge applications. Because training a neural network model from scratch is very costly, it is impractical to do it individually on billions of memristive neural networks distributed at the edge. A practical approach would be to download the synaptic weights obtained from the cloud training and program them directly into memristors for the commercialization of edge applications. Some post-tuning in memristor conductance may follow afterward or during applications. Therefore, a critical requirement on memristors for neural network applications is a high-precision programming ability to guarantee uniform and accurate performance across a massive number of memristive networks. This translates into the requirement of many distinguishable conductance levels on each memristive device, not just lab-made devices but more importantly, devices fabricated in foundries. High precision memristors also benefit other neural network applications, such as training and scientific computing. Here we report over 2048 conductance levels, the largest number among all types of memories ever reported, achieved with memristors in fully integrated chips with 256x256 memristor arrays monolithically integrated on CMOS circuits in a standard foundry. We have unearthed the underlying physics that previously limited the number of achievable conductance levels in memristors and developed electrical operation protocols to circumvent such limitations. These results reveal insights into the fundamental understanding of the microscopic picture of memristive switching and provide approaches to enabling high-precision memristors for various applications.
Analysis of clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment status of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure in Xinjiang,China
Authors: Abuduhalike Refukaiti , Abudouwayiti Aihaidan , Abuduhalike Kailibinuer , Nazimu Kamaliding , Sun Juan , Mahemuti Ailiman
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To investigate and analyze the demographic data, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Xinjiang.
Methods
The data included in this study are the subgroup data from the Xinjiang of the China Heart Failure Center Registration Study. From January 1, 2018 to September 1, 2020, 7677 CHF patients who meet the CHF diagnostic criteria and have complete clinical data will be treated as the research objects. Collect selected demographic data, heart failure risk factors, heart failure etiology, laboratory and examination results, medication use and prognosis information.
Results
(1)The causes of CHF are: coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (65.57%), dilated cardiomyopathy (11.05%), hypertension (9.01%) and valvular heart disease (8.7%).༈2༉A total of 78 CHF patients (1.00%) died in the hospital during hospitalization. A total of 512 CHF deaths (6.8%) occurred within 12 months of discharge.༈3༉HFpEF patients are older, the proportion of women is the highest, and the proportion of patients with CHF comorbidities is the highest (P < 0.05).༈4༉Although there was no significant difference in the standardized medications of CHF in the provincial and municipal tertiary hospitals, the proportion of pacing intervention and coronary revascularization in the provincial tertiary hospitals was higher than that in the municipal tertiary hospitals (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The main cause of CHF in Xinjiang is coronary heart disease, and patients with different types of CHF have different clinical characteristics. The mortality rate of CHF inside and outside the hospital is still high, and there is a certain gap between the treatment practice of CHF in Xinjiang and the treatment recommended by the guidelines. It is necessary to establish and improve a standardized, individualized, and standardized diagnosis and treatment system for CHF in Xinjiang.
Inhibiting PDPK1 and the phosphorylation of PDPK1(ser241) protect hepatocyte from Alcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Ding Hao , Wang Hao , Zeng Le , Qian Zhenzhen , Huang Cheng
Published: September 2022

Health risk stemming from drinking alcohol is serious, sometimes even life-threatening. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is a critical stage leading to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. However, its pathogenesis is still far from clearly understood and an effective treatment recognized widely haven’t been discovered. Interestingly, PDPK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, also known as PDK1, were observed obviously increased in ASH model by our researchers. Meanwhile, we also investigated the protective role of autophagy playing in ASH. Here, we studied the function of PDPK1 and found an efficient treatment to alleviate symptoms by targeting PDPK1 in ASH. In our study, PDPK1 affects hepatocyte self-healing by inhibiting autophagy. Both inhibiting PDPK1 and the phosphorylation of PDPK1(ser241) could protect hepatocyte from suffering heavy alcoholic hepatitis.
The Role of Political Belief in COVID-19 Vaccine Resistance,
Virus Transmission, and Closure Policy Response
Authors: Gabriel Stuart , Ben-Shahar Danny , Golan Roni
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we employ unique panel data on the universe of COVID-19 vaccination and infection cases in Israel to examine the role of political belief in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, virus transmission, and closure policy response. The paper identifies political belief based on statistical area votes in national elections held in Israel on the eve of the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020. Unlike the U.S. and elsewhere, pandemic policy intervention in Israel was broadly supported by politicians across the belief spectrum; as such, household response to virus risk was not biased owing to partisan leadership disagreement and debate. Statistical findings show, all things equal, that in the wake of emergent and localized virus risk, politically right-of-center and religious voters display substantially higher odds of both vaccine resistance and virus transmission as compared to their left-center counterparts. Moreover, political belief is highly salient to aggregate pandemic outcomes. Model simulation shows that had all belief groups responded to virus risk with the more risk-averse behaviors of left-of-center voters, the number of vaccinations nationwide would have increased by 15 percent. That same scenario results in a full 30 percent reduction in total infection cases. Results also show that coercive policy measures such as economic closure were more effective in reducing virus transmission among less risk-averse right-wing and religious voters. Findings provide new evidence of the role of political belief in household response to health risk. Results further underscore the importance of timely, targeted messaging and treatment among divergent political belief groups so as to enhance COVID-19 policy efficacy and related disease control.
JEL Codes: I18, D91, D8, R1
Comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible foxtail millet responses to Sclerospora graminicola infection
Authors: Wang He , Han Yanqing , Wu Caijuan , Zhang Baojun , Zhao Yaofei , Han Yuanhuai , Wang Jianming
Published: September 2022

Background:Downy mildew of foxtail millet, which is caused by the biotrophic oomycetesSclerospora graminicola(Sacc.) Schroeter, is one of the most disruptive diseases in foxtail millet. The foxtail millet-S. gramnicolainteraction is very poor and largely unexplored. Transcriptome sequencing technology is helpful to reveal the interaction mechanism between foxtail millet and pathogen.Results:In this study, Transmission electron microscopy observation of leaves infected byS. gramnicolashowed that the structures of organelles in the host cells were gradually deformed and damaged, or even disappeared from 3- to 7-leaf stages. However, organelles in leaves of resistant varieties were rarely damaged. Meanwhile, the activities of seven cell wall degrading enzymes in resistant and susceptible varieties were also quite different after pathogen induced. Subsequently, we have compared the transcriptional profiles between resistant G1 and high susceptible variety Jingu21 in response toS.graminicolainfection at 3, 5, 7 leave stages using the RNA-Seq technology. 473 and 1433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in resistance and susceptible varieties, respectively. The pathway analysis of DEGs showed that the highly enriched categories were related to glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signaling, phenylalanine metabolism and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthetic. Some defence-related genes were also revealed in the DEGs, including leucine-rich protein kinase, Ser/Thr protein kinase, peroxidase, cell wall degrading enzymes, laccases and auxin response genes. Equally notable is that the pathyway of starch and sucrose metabolism was enrichment in three infected stages, most of the genes were specifically up-regulated at 5L in susceptible variety, indicating that the expression of genes might be beneficial to and promote the interaction between host and pathogen.Conclusions:Transcriptome sequencing was revealed that host resistance toS. graminicolawas likely due to the activation of defense related genes, such as leucine-rich protein kinase, Ser/Thr protein kinase, and alteration of signaling pathways related to hormome. Our study identified pathyway and genes were contributed to the understanding at transcriptomic level of the interaction between foxtail millet andS.graminicola.The results will help to better understand downy mildew of foxtail millet resistance mechanism againstS. graminicola.
Preclinical evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a primary series intranasal COVID-19 vaccine candidate (BBV154), and humoral immunogenicity evaluation of a heterologous prime-boost strategy with COVAXIN (BBV152)
Authors: Sunagar Raju , Prasad Sai , vadrevu Krishna
Published: September 2022

Most if not all vaccine candidates developed to combat COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection are administered parenterally. As SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through infectious respiratory fluids, vaccine-induced mucosal immunity could provide an important contribution to control this pandemic. ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S (BBV154), a replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd)-vectored intranasal (IN) COVID-19 vaccine candidate, encodes a prefusion-stabilized version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein containing two proline substitutions in the S2 subunit. We performed preclinical evaluations of BBV154 in mice, rats, hamsters and rabbits. Repeated dose toxicity studies presented excellent safety profiles in terms of pathology and biochemical analysis. IN administration of BBV154 elicited robust mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses coupled with cell-mediated immune responses dominated by Th1-like cytokine expression. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with intramuscular (IM) COVAXIN-prime followed by BBV154 intranasal in rabbits elicited superior immune responses compared with the homologous COVAXIN/COVAXIN schedule. BBV154 is now being assessed in both homologous and heterologous combination schedules in ongoing human clinical trials.
Factors associated with good quality of life among chronic objective pulmonary disease patients in Zhejiang province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ying Yubing , Khunthason Siriyaporn , Nilvarangkul Kessarawan
Published: September 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive and debilitating disease that affects an individual's quality of life (QOL), especially those patients living in poor living environments. This study aimed to assess the level of good QOL and determine the factors associated with good QOL among COPD patients living in Zhejiang Province, China.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information about COPD patients in six tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang province. A validated questionnaire was used to collect general information, environmental factors, COPD stage, and treatment for the included patients. The standardized St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to assess QOL. Random sampling was used to recruit 420 participants. Questionnaires were completed by interviews. Binary logistic regression was used to predict influencing factors of good QOL among COPD patients living in Zhejiang Province, China at a significance level of α = 0.05.
Results: The overall good QOL among COPD patients was 25.7%. In the multivariable logistic regression, six variables were found to be associated with good QOL; airflow limitation severity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=8.69, 95% CI=2.65-28.46), duration of illness (AOR=8.25, 95% CI=1.98-34.29), number of hospitalisations within the past 3 months (AOR 5.39, 95% CI=1.07-27.24), annual treatment expenses (AOR=3.68, 95% CI=1.31-10.34), educational level (AOR=3.20, 95% CI=1.11-9.22), and type of medical insurance (AOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.04-4.71).
Conclusions: It is evident from this study that good QOL among COPD patients is strongly related to the stage of COPD and the financial burden on treatment. Early detection and treatment including exacerbations strategies are crucial to improving COPD patients’ QOL.
Development and Validation of an Individualized Immune Prognostic Signature in HNSCC
Authors: Yu Jintao , Sun Xia , Zhao Yichen , Zheng Chang , Zhou Baosen
Published: September 2022

Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide, and the development of immunotherapy is conducive to the preservation of function and the improvement of prognosis. Based on immune gene database ImmPort and InnateDB, we investigated prognostic value of 546 head and necks squamous cell carcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We intersected of the two databases, selected specific module by WGCNA, and then performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to screen their prognostic roles in HNSCC patients. Three prognostic immune genes were identified as prognostic gene, including DEFB1, PTX3and SEMA3G. According to the risk scores of patients, we divided HNSCC patients into low- and high-risk subgroups by the median value of risk scores in each dataset. In addition, we calculated immune cells and immune infiltration of the two groups and constructed K-M survival curve plot based on immune infiltration result. Enrichment analysis indicated that cytokines and cytokine receptors interaction was more common in the specific immune gene module. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram based on the results of multivariate cox analysis and clinical information and confirmed the survival of the two groups by using two GEO database. We also established a correlation analysis between immune prognostic signature genes and immune checkpoints. Finally, we believed that PTX3 was the key gene, and the expression levels of PTX3 in 30 clinical samples was detected by immunohistochemical method. In conclusion, PTX3 is a key immune gene, which may contribute to poor prognosis of HNSCC by affecting TME.
Petrography and Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Middle Eocene Garampani Limestone (Assam), India: Implications for the Depositional Environment and Diagenesis
Authors: Singh Y. Raghumani , Devi Kh. Radhapiyari , Abbott Mark B. , Singh T. Lucky , Tongbram Guneshwar , Singh Ninthoujam Surdas
Published: September 2022

Petrography and stable isotopic (carbon and oxygen) studies of the Middle Eocene of Garampani limestone from Jamunagar limestone quarry of the Umrangso area, North Cachar Assam, were carried out to determine the environment of deposition and the level of diagenesis to improve our understanding of the climate at the time of formation. The major petrographic types documented here are include wackestone, packstone and grainstone which fall into the type I and II categories of the triangular classification scheme indicating formation in a short-lived, high-energy environment that was dissipating at the time of deposition. The samples have a distinct signature that includes extensive diagenesis with varying intensities of compaction, recrystallization, pressure solution, and neomorphism. Most of the samples produced positive δ13C ‰ ranges from 1.64 to 0.76‰ (PDB) and correlated with a transgressive phase. The negativeδ18Ovalues range from − 6.25 to -4.67‰ (PDB) suggesting that the Middle Eocene was generally characterized by a warmer climate.
The relation between the serum trough concentration of paracetamol and pain reduction in preterm and term neonates: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Berg Roland Benjamin van den , Laarman A. R. Céleste , Dijkstra Jacob A. , Veldkamp Agnes I. , Allegaert Karel , Swart Eleonora L. , Weissenbruch Mirjam M. van
Published: September 2022

Background Measuring concentrations of paracetamol could be a strategy to better understand the concentration-response profile for pain treatment in preterm and term neonates. It is not known if the serum trough concentration of paracetamol at steady state conditions is associated with a decrease in pain in this population. Low trough concentration could result in inadequate pain relief, like end-of-dose pain. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the association between the serum trough concentration of paracetamol and pain reduction in preterm and term neonates.
Method In this retrospective observational study a hospital database was used to select neonates who were treated with paracetamol intravenously or rectally for at least 48 hours. Linear regression was performed to determine if serum trough concentration of paracetamol at steady state conditions was a predictor for pain reduction. Pain reduction was defined as the difference between COMFORTneo scores before start and after the fifth dose of paracetamol.
Results 21 neonates were included for determining the association between serum trough concentration paracetamol and pain reduction. The median (IQR) of serum trough concentration of paracetamol after the fifth dose was 4.5 mg/L (2.7–8.5 mg/L). At steady state conditions the serum trough concentration of paracetamol was not a significant predictor of pain reduction in preterm and term neonates (p = 0.79 for preterm neonates and p = 0.49 for term neonates).
Conclusion No association was found between the serum trough concentration of paracetamol at steady state conditions and pain reduction in preterm and term neonates.
Fabrication of Chitosan Monolith by Thermally Induced Phase Separation of Chemically Modified Chitin to Remove Cu(II) Ions from the Water Solutions
Authors: Hajili Emil , Sugawara Akihide , Asoh Taka-Aki , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

Chitosan (CS), an amino-polysaccharide, has applications in various areas, particularly in drinking water and wastewater treatment, with highly efficient properties for binding metal ions. Monoliths have been developed continuously for several decades, and today they hold an impressively strong position in highly efficient separation, ion exchange, catalysis, and chromatography. In our previous study, hierarchical chitin (CT) monolith was fabricated using chemically modified CT through the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. This report generated highly effective, stable, and reusable CS monoliths by deacetylation of CT monoliths. The acquired monoliths demonstrated efficient removal of metal ions from the aqueous solution in a flow system. In order to gain durability in acidic and basic environments, epichlorohydrin (ECH) was used as a crosslinking agent. The crosslinked monoliths exhibited excellent performance in the adsorption of Cu(II) ions from the solution, and good reusability in multiple adsorption-desorption cycles without losing significant performance. The fabricated CS monolith can be modified and applied to various fields such as protein separation, catalyst, and drug delivery.
The Role of Body Appreciation in the Decision to Complete Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Among Ethnically Diverse Patients
Authors: Kapera Olivia , Xie Luyu , Marroquín Elisa M. , Ngenge Sophia , Mathew M. Sunil , Almandoz Jaime P , Schellinger Jeffrey , Kukreja Sachin S. , Schneider Benjamin , McAdams Carrie , Messiah Sarah E.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is an evidence-based safe, effective treatment for obesity. However, only half of referred or eligible persons complete the procedure for unknown reasons. The proposed study examined the association between the degree of body appreciation and the decision to complete MBS by ethnicity.
Methods. This prospective cohort study included 409 participants who had been referred to a bariatric surgeon or an obesity medicine program between August 2019 to May 2022. Participants completed a survey about health behaviors and psychosocial characteristics, including body appreciation by MBS completion status (Y/N). Crude and adjusted odd ratios of predictors of MBS completion were compared by ethnicity using logistic regression.
Results. The sample mean age was 47.18 years (SD 11.63), 86% were female. 40% identified as non-Hispanic White (NHW), 37.81% as non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 18.08% as Hispanic. Over a third of the sample (31.2%, n=127) completed MBS. Overall, body appreciation did not differ between MBS completers and non-completers (p-value=0.70). Hispanic and NHB participants had greater body appreciation compared to NHWs (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16-1.51, p-value <.001; OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.27-1.86, p-value <.001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression models revealed no significant association between body appreciation and MBS completion.
Conclusion. Although NHB and Hispanic MBS candidates had greater body appreciation than NHWs, body appreciation did not correlate with MBS completion.
Level of evidence
Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
'I had nothing…and drugs don’t leave': A qualitative study exploring the drug use trajectories of young people who offend
Authors: Deans Emily Grace , Abdo Joseph , Ravulo Jioji , Conroy Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Background
Alcohol and other drug use is heavily implicated in youth offending, with a significant proportion of young people who offend meeting the criteria for dependence and problematic substance use. Understanding the drivers of drug use behaviours among this sample has important implications for recognising the needs of young people and preventing recidivism.
Methods
Qualitative inquiry through semi-structured focus group discussions (n = 9, 30 participants) was employed to privilege the young people’s perspectives. Discussions were audio recorded and a constant comparative approach to data analysis was used to identify similarities and differences in participants accounts.
Results
Findings were consistent with Agnew’s [1992] General Strain Theory (GST), as many participants had experienced significant disadvantage which influenced their use of illicit substances. Participants’ experience of AOD use as a means of mitigating negative emotion was cascaded across the loss of something of value, unjust treatment, and the inability to achieve ‘success’ in life.
Conclusions
Our understanding of the way in which strain can drive drug use behaviours provides insight into strategies to support young people in contact with the justice system. We must work hard to see a more connected system, to advocate for more helpful discourses around youth offending, and to see the equitable distribution of health education and early intervention for all young people.
Structural, Magnetic and Thermal Characteristic Analysis of Synthesized Magnetite Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Gogoi Bandana , Das Upamanyu
Published: September 2022

Spinel ferrite nanoparticles are potential candidates for multiple biomedical applications. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles have been studied extensively for understanding physical, chemical, electro-optical as well as magnetic properties which are fascinating due to cationic distributions corresponding to tetrahedral sites and octahedral sites in a cubic phase. Biocompatibility and large magnetic moment are basic requirements in spinel ferrite nanoparticles for efficient functioning in specific application purpose. Fe3O4 (magnetite) is an important member of spinel ferrite group with high chemical stability and ferrimagetic material property at nanodimension. Superparamagnetic state and biocompatibility of magnetite (Fe3O4) spinel ferrite nanoparticle has already been proven. Spinel ferrite magnetite nanoparticles have been developed based on precipitation of iron oxide using ferric and ferrous ions at the ratio 2:1 in alkaline media at and above 1000C. The experimental parameters have been set to synthesize pure and uniformly sized magnetite nanoparticles. No other phases of iron oxides were detected other than magnetite spinel phase in the XRD result. The average crystal size has been determined from XRD peak broadening. Absorption spectra were investigated using UV-Vis Spectrometer and FTIR. Thermal and magnetic measurements were also been carried out. One sample of the prepared nanoparticles with polymer coating of polyvinyl alcohol has been studied for superparamagnetic nature. Superparamagnetic particles show saturation value of magnetization 51.26 emu/g at 100 K. ZFC-FC curves for two samples with polymer coating of polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose have also been studied.
Regional Dialect Diversity and Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Lian , Chen Diqiang
Published: September 2022

Using the sample of listed private firms in China from 1999 to 2019, We examine the relation between the regional dialect diversity and corporate cash holdings. The main finding reveals that firms in higher dialect diversity city hoard more cashes. More importantly, further analyses indicate that the positive relation between dialect diversity and cash holdings are more pronounced among financing constrained firms. Overall, we find evidence in favor of precautionary savings motive predicts that firms located in city with higher dialect diversity will hoard more cash to compensate for reduced access to capital markets.
Discrepant effects of flooding on assembly processes of abundant and rare communities in riparian soils
Authors: Ye Fei , Sun Zhaohong , Moore Selina Sterup , Wu Jiapeng , Hong Yiguo , Wang Yu
Published: September 2022

Numerous rare species coexist with a few abundant species in microbial communities, and together play an essential role in riparian ecosystems. Relatively little is understood, however, about the nature of assembly processes of these communities and how they respond to a fluctuating environment. In this study, drivers controlling the assembly of abundant and rare subcommunities for bacteria and archaea in a riparian zone were determined, and their resulting patterns on these processes analyzed. Abundant and rare bacteria and archaea showed a consistent variation on the community structures along the riparian elevation gradient, which was closely associated with flooding frequency. The community assembly of abundant bacteria was not affected by any measured environmental variables, while soil moisture and amount of time submerged were the two most decisive factors determining rare bacterial community. Assembly of abundant archaeal community was also determined by these two factors, whereas rare archaea was significantly associated with soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and total carbon content. The assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterial subcommunity were driven respectively by dispersal limitation and variable selection. Undominated processes and dispersal limitation dominated the assembly of abundant archaea, whereas homogeneous selection primarily driven rare archaea. Flooding may therefore play a crucial role in determining the community assembly processes by imposing disturbances and shaping soil niches. Overall, this study reveals the assembly patterns of abundant and rare communities in the riparian zone and provides further insight into the importance of their respective roles in maintaining a stable ecosystem during times of environmental perturbations.
Multi-proteomic analysis of 5xFAD mice reveals new molecular signatures for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jo Yeon Suk , Park Geuna , Jang Kuk-In , Bae Sungwon , Kwon Yang Woo , Lee Seulah , Jang Jin-Hyeok , Lee Chany , Oh Yong-Seok , Yoon Jong Hyuk
Published: September 2022

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) early diagnosis remains difficult due to limitations in clinical exams and amyloid plaque imaging.
Methods
In the present study, the hippocampus, cortex, and blood plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 3- and 6-month-old 5xFAD mice were analysed by reliable quantitative proteomics approach.
Results
The 3- and 6-month-old hippocampus and cortex proteome in both the age groups showed similar features in functional annotation and canonical pathway analysis, but the significantly changed proteins were rarely overlapped. Furthermore, the plasma EVs proteome showed significantly different informatic features compared with other proteomes. Depending on the AD stage, proteomic profiles undergo drastic changes in brain subregion- and in tissue-specific manners. Notably, regulations of several canonical pathways, including PI3K/Akt signalling, were differing between the hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, we identified eight potential biomarkers that can detect early-stage AD (integrin alpha-IIb (ITGA2B), sulfhydryl oxidase 1, phospholipid transfer protein, talin (TLN), heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 (HSPA1L), alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), platelet factor 4, and filamin A (FLNA)) and validated them, using plasma EVs of stage-divided patients with AD.
Conclusion
ITGA2B, TLN, HSPA1L, and A2M were finally selected by machine learning modelling as distinguishing biomarkers for normal and early-stage AD with 85% accuracy. The present study provides insights into AD pathogenesis and identifies novel early-stage AD biomarkers.
Binding behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity of inclusion complexes between aminopterin and cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Chang Juan , Wang Ke , Chen Jue , Chang Yinxia X.
Published: September 2022

Aminopterin (AMT) is a kind of universal antineoplastic drugs, but it has severe toxic and side effects, leaving it rarely used in clinic. Herein, we found that cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and AMT can form stable inclusion complexes, and the formation of CB[7]-AMT 2:1 supramolecular inclusion complex was confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and molecular modeling calculations in aqueous solution. Binding stability constants (Ks) were determined by UV-visible and fluorescence spectra method, with 1.97 × 105L·mol–1and 2.29 × 105 L·mol–1, respectively. The binding energy was calculated to be 28.8 kcal·mol–1 for the CB[7]-AMT complex. And then, through a series of cell experiments of CCK8 assay, DAPI staining and hoechst33342/PI double staining, we fully proved that the CB[7]-AMT complex can reduce the toxicity of AMT to normal cells such as hepatocyte line LO2, and improve its anticancer effect on cancer cells overexpressing spermine, typically like human colon cancer cell line HCT116. It confirmed that the CB[7]-AMT complex had the effect of reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency. These results indicated that CB[7]-AMTinclusion complex might be a promising novel formulation of AMT for its clinical development.
Research on Multi-Dimensional Pricing Model of UBI Auto Insurance Based on Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Wang Xindong , Yan Chun , Liu Wei , Liu Xinhong
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the problem of usage-based insurance (UBI) auto insurance pricing, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional pricing model based on fuzzy controllers. In order to comprehensively consider the influencing factors of the rate, an index system of autonomous underwriting coefficient is proposed from four dimensions of driving distance, driving time, driving speed and driving behavior. A sub-fuzzy controller based on dimension index is proposed. The adaptive weight and learning factor are introduced into simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm, and combined with Metropolis criterion, the adaptive SAPSO algorithm is improved. In order to reduce the subjective defects of fuzzy controller, standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), parameter adaptive PSO and SAPSO algorithms are used for optimization respectively. The fitness function is improved to incorporate stability into the screening criteria. After comparison, it is found that SAPSO algorithm can get the optimal results in fuzzy controllers with lower dimensions, and parameter adaptive PSO algorithm in fuzzy controllers with higher dimensions can get better results. The optimal output result is selected and input into the total fuzzy controller to calculate the autonomous underwriting coefficient. The experimental results show that the multi-dimensional auto insurance pricing model based on fuzzy controller in this paper can better measure the driving risk comprehensively. It has higher accuracy and stability in rate determination.
CRISPR/Cas9 and FLP-FRT mediated multi-modular engineering of the cis-regulatory landscape of the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hajirnis Nikhil , Pandey Shubhanshu , Mishra Rakesh
Published: September 2022

The Homeotic genes or Hox define the anterior-posterior (AP) body axis formation in bilaterians and are often present on the chromosome in an order which is collinear to their function across the AP axis. However, there are many cases wherein the Hox are not collinear, but their expression pattern is conserved across the AP axis. The expression pattern of Hoxis attributed to the cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) consisting of enhancers, initiators, or repressor elements that together regulate the genes in a segment-specific manner. In the Drosophila melanogaster Hoxcomplex, the bithorax complex (BX-C), even the CRMs are organized in an order that is collinear to their function in the thoracic and abdominal segments. In the present study, we performed in-silico analysis of the available ChIP data followed by systematic curation of experimentally validated regions of the BX-C gene, Abd-B, to generate functionally relevant map of the regulatory landscape. Next, the regulatorily inert regions were targeted using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a series of transgenic lines with the insertion of FRT sequences. Further, these FRT lines are repurposed to shuffle the CRMs associated with Abd-B to generate modular deletion, duplication, or inversion of multiple CRMs. The rearrangements yielded entirely novel phenotypes in the fly suggesting the requirement of such complex manipulations to address the significance of higher order arrangement of the CRMs. The functional map and the transgenic flies generated in this study are important resource to decipher the collective ability of multiple regulatory elements in eukaryotic genome to function as complex modules.
Fake News Detection in Turkish Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Fasttext With Word Embedding
Authors: KORU Gülsüm KAYABAŞI , ULUYOL Doç.Dr.Çelebi
Published: September 2022

Text classification problem is the transaction of pre-processing texts with natural language processing techniques, and the controlled separation of texts into one or more predefined categories or classes according to their content. Preprocessing is the most important and crucial step in classification and text mining. Applications of text classifications are commonly used in various fields such as classification of social interactions, web sites and news texts, improvement of search engines, extraction of information, automatic processing of e-mails. In this study, the classification success of Turkish fake news pulled from Twitter was analyzed with different parameters by using word embedding with fastText and using scikit-learn libraries in our fastText language model. With this model, the classification of Turkish news tweets according to two predefined classes (fake, real) was tested and the classification success was 88%. In addition, the performances of multnomialNB, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Random Forest, Logistic Regression, K-NN, XGBoost and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms on Turkish news tweets were compared and interpreted. At the end of the of the study, the technique with the best classification accomplishment was the SVM algorithm with a classification success of about 84%. According to the result, an effective classifier method in the classification of fake news in Turkish has been put forward and a language model has been developed with our data set created with Turkish tweets. It is possible that the suggested methodology can also be applied to Turkish news on different social media platforms other than Twitter.
mRNAs encoding neurodevelopmental regulators have equal m6A stoichiometry in Drosophila neuroblasts and neurons
Authors: Sami Josephine , Spitale Robert , Cleary Michael
Published: September 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in metazoans and is particularly abundant in the central nervous system. The extent to which m6A is dynamically regulated and whether m6A contributes to cell type-specific mRNA metabolism in the nervous system, however, is largely unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, we mapped m6A and measured mRNA decay in neural progenitors (neuroblasts) and neurons of the Drosophila melanogaster larval brain. We identified 867 m6A targets; 233 of these are novel and preferentially encode regulators of neuroblast proliferation, cell fate-specification and synaptogenesis. Comparison of the neuroblast and neuron m6A transcriptomes revealed that m6A stoichiometry is largely uniform; we did not find evidence of neuroblast-specific or neuron-specific m6A modification. While m6A stoichiometry is constant, m6A targets are significantly less stable in neuroblasts than in neurons, potentially due to m6A-independent stabilization in neurons. We used in vivo quantitative imaging of m6A target proteins in Mettl3 methyltransferase null brains and Ythdf m6A reader overexpressing brains to assay metabolic effects of m6A. Target protein levels decreased in Mettl3 null brains and increased in Ythdf overexpressing brains, supporting a previously proposed model in which m6A enhances translation of target mRNAs. We conclude that m6A does not directly regulate mRNA stability during Drosophila neurogenesis but is rather deposited on neurodevelopmental transcripts that have intrinsic low stability in order to augment protein output.
Berberine attenuates angiotensin Ⅳ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of PPARα/NO signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Jiafei , Li Jing , Jiang Qingsong , Yang Chuang , Liu Changqing , Tan Rui
Published: September 2022

Myocardial hypertrophy is a common pathological process of many cardiovascular diseases and is the structural basis for the occurrence of heart failure. Berberine, one of the main ingredients of Rhizoma coptidis and Cortex Phellodendri, is an isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple pharmacological applications, especially in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of berberine on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅳ via PPARα/NO signal pathway. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅳ (1 nmol/L) was characterized by increasing in the cell surface area, protein content, and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression level. The results showed that angiotensin IV could not only significantly induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but also decrease the expressions of PPARα at both mRNA and protein levels, which occurred in parallel with an declining in the eNOS mRNA expression and NOS activity, as well as NO concentration. However, these effects were obviously inhibited by berberine (from 10 to 100 µmol/L). Both MK886 (0.3 µmol/L), a selective PPARα antagonist, and NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (100 µmol/L), a NOS inhibitor, could abolish the effects of berberine. The results suggested that berberine may have important implications in anti- angiotensin Ⅳ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PPARα/NO signaling pathway .