bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕСТУВАННЯ ЯК МЕТОД ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, Ярощук Л.
Published: June 2018

The theoretical questions of pedagogical control in pedagogical university are exposed in the article; aim, task and features of test control of achievements of students as future teachers of primary school are analysed; advantages and disadvantages of the pedagogical testing are analysed. Key words: pedagogical control, test, testing method, tests of achievements, performance in studies.
МЕТОДИ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ТРУДОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ
Authors:   Хмельницький національний університет, Андрощук І.
Published: June 2018

In the article, it has been emphasized that there appears to be the need for updating methods in training future handicraft and technology teachers. The main approaches to classifying training methods have been analyzed. The main features used to classify training methods have been defined. The author’s classification of methods used in training future handicraft and technology teachers for pedagogical interaction has been considered. It has been stated that it consists of the following groups of methods: methods used to stimulate interaction, methods used to create experience of the subject-subject interaction, methods used to analyze the results of interaction. Key words: handicraft and technology teacher, training methods, pedagogical interaction, professional training.
ПОНЯТІЙНО-ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ФОРМУВАННЯ КУЛЬТУРИ БЕЗПЕКИ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors:   Національний педагогічний університет імені М.П. Драгоманова, Ігнатенко С.
Published: June 2018

The article reveals the essence of the basic concepts that characterize the pedagogical technologies of developing the culture of safety life of the future teachers of junior classes. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, carried out by the author, showed the lack of a single interpretation of the concepts of "safety", "danger" and "harmful and dangerous factors" by scientists. The article clarifies the meaning of the concept of "the formation of a safety life culture for future teachers of junior classes," pointed out to the urgent needs of society for the creation of special pedagogical technologies in the field of the formation of a safety life culture of future teachers of junior grades, which allow junior grades students to form a responsible attitude towards their life and health " Key words: safety, danger, hazardous situations, harmful and dangerous factors, safety life culture.
ХМАРО ОРІЄНТОВАНІ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІ КАРТИ ЯК ЗАСІБ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВИКЛАДАЧА
Authors:   Інститут інформаційних технологій і засобів навчання НАПН України, Спірін О. , Вакалюк Т. ,   Житомирський державний університет імені Івана Франка
Published: June 2018

The article describes various cloud services for the construction of intellectual maps; their advantages are presented. The examples discuss the possibilities of using cloud services for constructing intellectual maps in the work of a teacher of higher education: both in teaching and in research. Key words: cloud services, intellectual maps, mental maps, intelligence maps.
ПІЗНАВАЛЬНИЙ БАР'ЄР ЯК ЗАСІБ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors:   Бердянський університет менеджменту і бізнесу, Тернавська Л.
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the problem of students' foreign language learning activity. The author stresses that in order to intensify educational activity for successful mental students' development we should create cognitive barriers at foreign languages classes. Key words: barrier, cognitive barrier, developing character, cognitive activity, educational activity.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ ВИКЛАДАЧА В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ВИВЧЕННЯ ФІЗИКИ
Authors:   Вінницький державний педагогічний університет, Мисліцька Н. , Заболотний В. ,   Вінницький державний педагогічний університет
Published: June 2018

The article describes the teacher's methodical tool, which is based on the use of the didactic model of the logical structure of the teaching material. This model includes a generalized approach to the description of the standard composition of elements of physical knowledge, a four-position approach to the description of the physical phenomenon, a generalized approach to the description of physical knowledge at the level of physical theory and the physical picture of the world, which includes: constructs describing the standard composition of knowledge of structural elements of physical knowledge. Key words: methodical tools, studying general physics, methods of transformation of educational material, physical quantity, physical law, physical theory.
СТВОРЕННЯ ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВИСОКОЕФЕКТИВНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НАВЧАННЯ В ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО НАПРЯМУ
Authors:   “Луганський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка”, Шевчук О.
Published: June 2018

In the article, for the first time, the main and 6 auxiliary problems which require improvement of the professional training of specialists in the field of finance and economics based on the use of intellectual, expert and expert teaching systems; development of pedagogical approach, system of principles, generalized architecture, formalization of the conceptual apparatus, taking into account the psychological and physiological characteristics of those who study; developing a system for assessing the effectiveness of using a new class of information systems learning have been determined and formalized. Key words: problems, pedagogical technologies of training, intellectual systems, expert teaching systems, professional training
РОЗВИТОК СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ БАТЬКІВ, ЯКІ ВИХОВУЮТЬ ДИТИНУ З РОЗЛАДАМИ СПЕКТРУ АУТИЗМУ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ КІНОМИСТЕЦТВА
Authors:   Луганський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, Гладун Т.
Published: June 2018

The role of family in the development of child, who has the autistic development disturbance spectrum, with the help of cinema art. and in the integration into society is defined in the article. The movement of the development of social views due to socialization of previosly named category of children is examined, the state of scientific work of the problem of the development of social competence of parents who bring up a child, who has the autistic development disturbance spectrum is defined, the modern personally social need in the development of socialization of previosly named category of children is grounded. Key words: family, social competence, cinema art, family socialyzed functions.
Soil Conservation Practices and Stakeholder’s Participation in Research Projects—Empirical Evidence from Southern Italy
Authors: Salvia Rosanna , Simone Rosaria , Salvati Luca , Quaranta Giovanni
Published: June 2018

Adoption of soil conservation practices is promoted by increased engagement between researchers and stakeholders. By reporting a case study from southern Italy where farmers have been involved in research projects dealing with soil conservation over several years, we demonstrated that the rate of adoption of conservative technologies is positively linked to the degree of stakeholder participation in the project and that farmers (and other stakeholders) have been driven toward more conscious perception of the complex link between agricultural practices, environmental impacts and socioeconomic effects. The results of this study reinforce the pivotal role of effective participatory processes in soil conservation—evidencing the importance of (i) time required to build relationships and (ii) intensity (and persistence) of collaboration among similar initiatives. Empirical evidence highlights the need to combine different approaches to deal with soil degradation. As well as the participatory time length, the synergies between the methods utilized, and the range of interacting mind sets are also very important.
Genetic Diversity of Clinal Freezing Tolerance Variation in Winter Wheat Landraces
Authors: Sthapit Kandel Jinita , Huang Meng , Zhang Zhiwu , Skinner Daniel Z. , See Deven R.
Published: June 2018

Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) is a major cereal crop grown across a wide range of environments, but its productivity around the world is challenged by various biotic and abiotic factors. Wheat landraces from around the world are a source of unexploited genetic diversity that can be essential for modern wheat-breeding programs in search of resistance to abiotic stresses like freezing tolerance. This genetic diversity study of 553 winter wheat landraces based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed separate clusters of landraces related to the latitude of origin. Linkage block analysis revealed genomic regions with specific alleles skewed towards landraces from higher latitudes, suggesting that migration to higher latitudes resulted in the fixing of specific alleles. Electrolyte leakage was used to measure the tolerance of freezing to −14 °C, −16 °C, and −18 °C of 192 landraces. There was a significant negative correlation between latitude and electrolyte leakage, with an R2 value of 0.14, (p < 0.0001), in a regression analysis indicating greater freezing tolerance in landraces from higher latitudes. Genome-wide association studies identified regions in chromosomes 4A and 6A associated with higher latitudes and freezing tolerance, respectively. Landraces with freezing tolerance may be useful in developing new germplasm as novel sources of greater cold hardiness.
Operational Improvement of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor by an Inner Field-Plate Structure
Authors: Kwak Hyeon-Tak , Chang Seung-Bo , Kim Hyun-Jung , Jang Kyu-Won , Yoon Hyung Sup , Lee Sang-Heung , Lim Jong-Won , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: June 2018

In this study, a high-performance AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented to improve its electrical operation by employing an inner field-plate (IFP) structure. Prior to the IFP structure analysis, we compared the measured and simulated direct current characteristics of the fabricated two-finger conventional T-shaped gate HEMTs. Then, the AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a drain-side field plate (FP) structure was suggested to enhance the breakdown voltage characteristics. The maximum breakdown voltage recorded with a 0.8 μm stretched FP structure was 669 V. Finally, the IFP structure was interfaced with the gate head of the device to compensate the radio frequency characteristics, choosing the optimum length of the drain-side FP structure. Compared to the 0.8 μm stretched FP structure, the IFP structure showed improved frequency characteristics with minimal difference to the breakdown voltage. The frequency variation caused by changing the passivation thickness was also analyzed, and the optimum thickness was identified. Thus, IFP AlGaN/GaN HEMT is a promising candidate for high-power and high-frequency applications.
Thermochemical Properties of PM2.5 as Indicator of Combustion Phase of Fires
Authors: Hsieh Yuch-Ping , Bugna Glynnis , Robertson Kevin
Published: June 2018

Past studies suggest that certain properties of fire emitted particulate matter (PM) relate to the combustion phase (flaming, smoldering) of biomass burning, but to date there has been little consideration of such properties for use as combustion phase indicators. We studied the thermochemical properties of PM2.5 emitted from experimental and prescribed fires using multi-element scanning thermal analysis (MESTA). Resulting thermograms show that the carbon from PM2.5 generally can be grouped into three temperature categories: low (peak ~180 °C), medium (peak between 180–420 °C), and high (peak > 420 °C) temperature carbons. PM2.5 from smoldering phase combustion is composed of much more low-temperature carbon (fraction of total carbon = 0.342 ± 0.067, n = 9) than PM2.5 from the flaming phase (fraction of total carbon = 0.065 ± 0.018, n = 9). The fraction of low-temperature carbon of the PM2.5 correlates well with modified combustion efficiency (MCE; r2 = 0.76). Therefore, this MESTA thermogram method can potentially be used as a combustion phase indicator solely based on the property of PM2.5. Since the MESTA thermogram of PM2.5 can be determined independently of MCE, we have a second parameter to describe the combustion condition of a fire, which may refine our understanding of fire behavior and improve the accuracy of emission factor determinations. This PM2.5 indicator should be useful for discerning differential diffusion between PM2.5 and gases and providing insight into the impact of PM emission on atmospheric environment and the public health.
Simulating Real World Soot-Catalyst Contact Conditions for Lab-Scale Catalytic Soot Oxidation Studies
Authors: Su Changsheng , Wang Yujun , Kumar Ashok , McGinn Paul
Published: June 2018

In diesel soot oxidation studies, both well-defined model soot and a reliable means to simulate realistic contact conditions with catalysts are crucial. This study is the first attempt in the field to establish a lab-scale continuous flame soot deposition method in simulating the “contact condition” of soot and a structured diesel particulate filter (DPF) catalyst. The properties of this flame soot were examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structure analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for surface area analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for reactivity and kinetics analysis. For validation purposes, catalytic oxidation of Tiki® soot using the simulated contact condition was conducted to compare with the diesel particulates collected from a real diesel engine exhaust system. It was found that the flame soot is more uniform and controllable than similar samples of collected diesel particulates. The change in T50 due to the presence of the catalyst is very similar in both cases, implying that the flame deposit method is able to produce comparably realistic contact conditions to that resulting from the real exhaust system. Comparing against the expensive engine testing, this novel method allows researchers to quickly set up a procedure in the laboratory scale to reveal the catalytic soot oxidation properties in a comparable loose contact condition.
The Epigenetic Landscape of Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Zagorac Sladjana , Garcia-Bermejo Laura , Sainz Bruno
Published: June 2018

Data now indicates that in addition to genetic alterations/mutations, human cancer cells exhibit important changes in their epigenome. In the context of this review, we define the epigenome as the chemical compounds and/or proteins that can interact with nuclear DNA to direct the specific and localized activation or silencing of genes to control the production of cellular proteins (directly or indirectly) in a given cell. Our ever-growing knowledge of how the epigenome can affect cellular processes has largely changed our view of cancer being a solely genetic disease. Nowadays, cancer is largely defined and characterized by the dynamic changes in both the genome and epigenome, which function together and contribute concomitantly to cancer initiation and progression. Since epigenetic modifications are crucial processes involved in controlling cellular identity and lineage fate, perturbations in this layer of gene regulation can contribute to the acquisition of new cellular characteristics different than those that were “initially” intended. For example, aberrant epigenetic alterations may transform normal non-cancer cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs), endowing them with the loss of differentiation and the acquisition of stem-like characteristics. In this review, we will focus our discussion on CSCs in the context of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We will discuss how different epigenetic modifications create a landscape that can impact CSC identity and the way this small sub-population of cells contributes to tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, we will highlight the latest discoveries in epigenetic-based therapies as a means of targeting CSCs.
Carpe Diem: Love, Resistance to Authority, and the Necessity of Choice in Andrew Marvell and Elizabeth Cary
Authors: Bryson Michael
Published: June 2018

The theme of love as resistance to authority is the centerpiece of a two-millennia-long tradition in Western poetry known as carpe diem (a phrase credited to the Latin poet Horace). This essay begins by analyzing one of the most famous later examples of carpe diem in English poetry (Andrew Marvell’s 1681 “To His Coy Mistress”), emphasizing the carpe diem ethos’ potential to illustrate both the consequences and the necessity of individual erotic choice—especially female choice—in defiance of authority. It then uses carpe diem’s anti-authoritarian perspective to understand the contrast between the ambivalence of Mariam—torn between a tepid disobedience and regretful loyalty to her husband Herod—and the wholly defiant choices of Salome in Elizabeth Cary’s earlier drama, The Tragedy of Mariam from 1613.
Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Progression in Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type during Ibrutinib Therapy
Authors: Fox Lucy C. , Yannakou Costas K. , Ryland Georgina , Lade Stephen , Dickinson Michael , Campbell Belinda A. , Prince Henry Miles
Published: June 2018

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT) is one of the well-recognized extranodal lymphomas commonly addicted to the B-cell receptor-MYD88 superpathway. We aimed to describe the genomic changes in a patient who progressed through treatment with ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. An 80-year-old woman presented with multiply relapsed PCDLBCL-LT after multiple lines of chemoimmunotherapy and radiotherapy. Pre-treatment testing of the localized cutaneous tumor lesion on a lymphoid amplicon panel demonstrated an MYD88 p.L265P mutation. Ibrutinib therapy was subsequently commenced, resulting in complete resolution of the skin disease. Despite an ongoing skin response, the patient developed progressive nodal disease at two months. Genomic analysis of the cutaneous tumor sample at baseline was compared to that of the inguinal lymph node upon progression, and revealed the acquisition of multiple genomic changes. These included several aberrations expected to bypass BTK inhibition, including two CARD11-activating mutations, and a deleterious mutation in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) negative regulator, NFKBIE. In addition, an IgH-IRF8 translocation was detected (which brings the IRF8 transcription factor under control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus), representing a third plausible mechanism contributing to ibrutinib resistance. Several copy-number changes occurred in both samples, including an amplification of 18q, which encodes the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. We describe the first case of novel genomic changes of PCDLBCL-LT that occurred while on ibrutinib, providing important mechanistic insights into both pathogenesis and drug resistance.
Farrerol Relieve Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Mastitis by Inhibiting AKT/NF-κB p65, ERK1/2 and P38 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Yanwei , Gong Qian , Guo Wenjin , Kan Xingchi , Xu Dianwen , Ma He , Fu Shoupeng , Liu Juxiong
Published: June 2018

Farrerol has been proved to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effects of farrerol on mastitis have not been investigated. This study was aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of farrerol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse mastitis and LPS-induced inflammatory response of mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). In vivo, LPS were injected to the tetrad pair of nipples for establishing mouse mastitis, and then tested the effect of farrerol on histopathological changes, inflammatory response and activation degree of protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), p38, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2). In vitro, the mMECs were incubated by farrerol for 1 h following by stimulating with LPS, and then the inflammatory response and the related signaling pathways were detected. The in vivo results found that farrerol could improve pathological injury of mammary gland, attenuate the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the phosphorylation of AKT, NF-κB p65, p38 and ERK1/2. The in vitro results also found farrerol inhibited inflammatory response and the related signaling pathways. Collectively, this study revealed that farrerol inhibits the further development of LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting inflammatory response via down regulating phosphorylation of AKT, NF-κB p65, p38, and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that farrerol may be used as an anti-inflammatory drug for mastitis.
Analysis of Different Methods for Wave Generation and Absorption in a CFD-Based Numerical Wave Tank
Authors: Miquel Adria Moreno , Kamath Arun , Alagan Chella Mayilvahanan , Archetti Renata , Bihs Hans
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the performance of different wave generation and absorption methods in computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical wave tanks (NWTs) is analyzed. The open-source CFD code REEF3D is used, which solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations to simulate two-phase flow problems. The water surface is computed with the level set method (LSM), and turbulence is modeled with the k-ω model. The NWT includes different methods to generate and absorb waves: the relaxation method, the Dirichlet-type method and active wave absorption. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted in order to quantify and compare the differences in terms of absorption quality between these methods. A reflection analysis based on an arbitrary number of wave gauges has been adopted to conduct the study. Tests include reflection analysis of linear, second- and fifth-order Stokes waves, solitary waves, cnoidal waves and irregular waves generated in an NWT. Wave breaking over a sloping bed and wave forces on a vertical cylinder are calculated, and the influence of the reflections on the wave breaking location and the wave forces on the cylinder is investigated. In addition, a comparison with another open-source CFD code, OpenFOAM, has been carried out based on published results. Some differences in the calculated quantities depending on the wave generation and absorption method have been observed. The active wave absorption method is seen to be more efficient for long waves, whereas the relaxation method performs better for shorter waves. The relaxation method-based numerical beach generally results in lower reflected waves in the wave tank for most of the cases simulated in this study. The comparably better performance of the relaxation method comes at the cost of larger computational requirements due to the relaxation zones that have to be included in the domain. The reflections in the NWT in REEF3D are generally lower than the published results for reflections using the active wave absorption method in the NWT based on OpenFOAM.
Recent Advances in Applications of Ionic Liquids in Miniaturized Microextraction Techniques
Authors: Kissoudi Maria , Samanidou Victoria
Published: June 2018

Green sample preparation is one of the most challenging aspects in green analytical chemistry. In this framework, miniaturized microextraction techniques have been developed and are widely performed due to their numerous positive features such as simplicity, limited need for organic solvents, instrumentation of low cost and short time of extraction. Also, ionic liquids (ILs) have unequivocally a “green” character, which they owe to their unique properties including the re-usage, the high reaction efficiency and selectivity in room temperature, the ability to dissolve both organic and inorganic compounds, and thermal stability. In the present review, the recent advances in the application of ionic liquids in miniaturized liquid and solid phase extraction techniques as extractants, intermediate solvents, mediators and desorption solvents are discussed, quoting the advantages and drawbacks of each individual technique. Some of the most important sample preparation techniques covered include solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), single-drop microextraction (SDME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE).
4′-Methoxyresveratrol Alleviated AGE-Induced Inflammation via RAGE-Mediated NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
Authors: Yu Wenzhe , Tao Mengru , Zhao Yueliang , Hu Xiaoqian , Wang Mingfu
Published: June 2018

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could interact with the receptor for AGE (RAGE) as a sterile danger signal to induce inflammation. 4′-methoxyresveratrol (4′MR), a polyphenol derived from Dipterocarpaceae, has not been studied for its anti-inflammation effects. In the present study, we sought to explore the protective role of 4′MR in AGEs-induced inflammatory model using RAW264.7 macrophages. 4′MR significantly inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as two typical pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Besides, 4′MR significantly decreased oxidative stress, demonstrated by levels of ROS production, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein product via down-regulation of NADPH oxidase. Further analysis showed that 4′MR attenuated the RAGE overexpression induced by MGO-BSA. It also blocked the downstream signal of AGE-RAGE, particularly, MAPKs including p38 and JNK, and subsequently reduced NF-κB activation. Additionally, 4′MR significantly abated the activation of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome including NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 and reduced the secretion of mature IL-1β. Taken together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of 4′MR is mainly through suppressing RAGE-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. 4′MR could be a novel therapeutic agent for inflammation-related diseases.
High-Throughput Identification of Mammalian Secreted Proteins Using Species-Specific Scheme and Application to Human Proteome
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chai Haiting , Guo Song , Guo Huaping , Li Yanling
Published: June 2018

Secreted proteins are widely spread in living organisms and cells. Since secreted proteins are easy to be detected in body fluids, urine, and saliva in clinical diagnosis, they play important roles in biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vaccine production. In this study, we propose a novel predictor for accurate high-throughput identification of mammalian secreted proteins that is based on sequence-derived features. We combine the features of amino acid composition, sequence motifs, and physicochemical properties to encode collected proteins. Detailed feature analyses prove the effectiveness of the considered features. Based on the differences across various species of secreted proteins, we introduce the species-specific scheme, which is expected to further explore the intrinsic attributes of specific secreted proteins. Experiments on benchmark datasets prove the effectiveness of our proposed method. The test on independent testing dataset also promises a good generalization capability. When compared with the traditional universal model, we experimentally demonstrate that the species-specific scheme is capable of significantly improving the prediction performance. We use our method to make predictions on unreviewed human proteome, and find 272 potential secreted proteins with probabilities that are higher than 99%. A user-friendly web server, named iMSPs (identification of Mammalian Secreted Proteins), which implements our proposed method, is designed and is available for free for academic use at: http://www.inforstation.com/webservers/iMSP/.
God and Guns: Examining Religious Influences on Gun Control Attitudes in the United States
Authors: Merino Stephen M.
Published: June 2018

Mass shootings in the United States have generated significant media coverage and public concern, invigorating debates over gun control. Media coverage and academic research on gun control attitudes and reactions to mass shootings have paid little attention to the role of religion. Recent research sheds light on the complex relationship between religion and guns, including higher rates of gun ownership and stronger opposition to gun control among white evangelical Protestants. Using nationally representative survey data, this study examines the relationship between religious identity, gun ownership, and support for a range of gun control policies, including proposed remedies for preventing mass shootings. Compared with individuals from other religious traditions, evangelical Protestants are most opposed to stricter gun control laws and enforcement, even with statistical controls for gun ownership and demographic characteristics. Rather, they favor individualistic solutions and putting more emphasis on religious values in their social surroundings. I discuss how these findings reflect the cultural tools evangelical Protestants use to construct their understandings of social problems, including gun violence, and the broader implications for gun policy in the United States.
The High-Density Symmetry Energy in Heavy-Ion Collisions and Compact Stars
Authors: Wolter Hermann
Published: June 2018

High-density nuclear symmetry energy is of crucial importance in astrophysics. Information on such energy has been obtained from mass–radius determinations of neutron stars (NSs), and in the future NS mergers will increasingly contribute. In the laboratory, the symmetry energy can be studied in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) at different incident energies over a large range, from very low to several times higher saturation density. Transport theory is necessary to extract the symmetry energy from the typically non-equilibrated nuclear collisions. In this contribution, we first review the transport approaches, their differences, and recent studies of their reliability. We then discuss several prominent observables, which have been used to determine the symmetry energy at high density: collective flow, light cluster emission, and particle production. It is finally argued that the results of the symmetry energy from microscopic many-body calculations, nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, and astrophysics begin to converge but still need considerable improvements in terms of accuracy.
In Search of Ancient Red Beads and Carved Jade in Modern China
Authors: Rawson Jessica
Published: June 2018

Les découvertes archéologiques récentes ont démontré que la réutilisation d'objets anciens est un phénomène très répandu dans l'art de la taille du jade en Chine à l'Âge du bronze. De plus, les tombes princières de Chine du Nord datant du Xe au VIIe siècle contiennent souvent de grandes quantités de perles en cornaline (agate rouge). À l'origine, il semble que de telles perles n'ont pas été produites en Chine, mais qu'il s'agit d'objets importés de loin, peut-être de l'Inde, en passant par l'Asie centrale ; des perles semblables, probablement aussi de provenance indienne, ont été découvertes en Mésopotamie. Au cours de la période Zhou, ces perles furent imitées par des artisans chinois en utilisant des pierres colorées d'origine locale. Dans les tombes où elles ont été trouvées, on remarque une corrélation entre la présence de perles de haute qualité et le rang social élevé de l'occupant de la tombe. L'étude approfondie de ces matériaux est encore en cours.
Images d un royaume disparu : Note sur les bronzes historiés de Yue et leur interprétation
Authors: Thote Alain
Published: June 2018

Among the famed "pictorial bronzes" of the fifth and early fourth centuries BC, one group of vessels stand out for being hammered, rather than cast, and for featuring decoration that is incised in punctate lines. These unusual bronzes were probably manufactured in the southeast coastal region of China. Their decoration, illustrating drinking feasts, archery contests, and hunting scenes, reflects the distinctive local culture of that area. Among other things, they document the usage of drinking horns, which are not commonly encountered in other parts of China during this period. Such drinking horns can be identified among the funerary ceramics (mingqi) found in the characteristic tumuli of southeast coastal China; a hitherto enigmatic type of footed bowls with many-holed covers may be identified as vessels designed for placing a set of drinking horns; and some equally enigmatic many-holed bronze disks with pictorial décor likely served as inset covers of similar vessels made of bronze.
Comment le bodhisattva Dizang est parvenu à gouverner les Dix Rois des Enfers
Authors: Zong Zhang
Published: June 2018

The cult of the bodhisattva Dizang (Kṣitigarbha), who saves the souls of the deceased out of Hell, became an important element in Chinese popular religious practices during the 9th through 10th centuries AD. During that period, the Buddhist iconography of hell underwent a profound transformation, fusing canonical elements transmitted from India with concepts borrowed from the indigenous Chinese popular religion. Early depictions, preceding the rise of the popular cult of Dizang, show Dizang as one of a group of six Bodhisattvas represented separately from scenes showing the Ten Kings of Hell (with Yama as their chief) at the feet of the Buddha; at the next stage, Dizang at pleads with King Yama as the advocate for the deceased; finally, Dizang takes the preeminent position dominating over the Kings of Hell. This article traces this transformation through depictions in Late Tang dynasty cliff carvings in Sichuan and in illustrated scrolls from the "Hidden Library" at Dunhuang dating mostly to the 10th century AD.
Une «nappe » cadomienne de style pennique : la série cristallophyllienne de Champtoceaux en bordure méridionale du Synclinal d'Ancenis (Bretagne -Anjou)
Authors: Cogné Jean
Published: June 2018

La série métamorphique qui borde au Sud le Synclinal d'Ancenis dessine une vaste structure couchée mésozonale, aux dépens du Briovérien inférieur et moyen, étalée par-dessus des séries épizonales rapportées au sommet du Briovérien moyen et au Briovérien supérieur. Le tout est recouvert transgressi-vement par les séries primaires avant d'être repris dans les plissements et méta-morphismes hercyniens.

Cette évolution polymétamorphique et polystructurale s'accorde pleinement aux données acquises jusqu'à présent, vers l'Ouest, dans le Domaine de l'Anti¬ clinal de Cornouaille, mais permet de cerner avec plus de précision les caractères propres à l'orogenèse cadomienne en Bretagne méridionale et dans l'ensemble du Massif Armoricain.
Bilans d'altération dans la séquence de sols vosgiens, sols bruns acides à Podzols, sur granite
Authors: Lelong François , Souchier Bernard
Published: June 2018

La présente étude a pour objet la définition des bilans minéralogiques et chimiques d'altération le long de trois grandes catégories de profils, sols bruns acides, sols à podzolisation faible ou modérée, sols podzoliques et podzols, développés sur différentes roches granitiques, dans les Vosges, à l'étage montagnard. La détermination des taux d'altération, de départ ou d'apport de matière à chaque niveau, est faite en appliquant le raisonnement isoquartz, après reconstitution de la composition minéralogique exacte de chaque échantillon (116 échantillons de sols analysés, plus les roches-mères correspondantes).

Les trois catégories de sols considérés constituent un ensemble géochimiquement assez homogène qui s'oppose nettement, par des taux d'altération et des taux de départ de matière beaucoup plus faibles, aux profils de sols ferrallitiques sur granite précédemment étudiés (Lelong, 1969).
Résultats préliminaires de datation rubidium-strontium sur des sédiments glauconieux dans le Paléogène d'Angleterre
Authors: Bonhomme Michel , Clauer Norbert , Odin Gilles
Published: June 2018

Предварительные результаты датирования стронций-рубидиевым методом глауконитовых отложений палеогена Англии

87 sr

Условный возраст , с начальным отношением gggr = 0.709, танетского глауконита

с полуострова Танет (Англия) равен 55 м.л. Положение характерных точек цельной породы и мелкой фракции того-же образца показывает, что обе фракции содержат унасле довательный излишек радиогенного стронция 87.
Permanence du régime de chenaux et de flaques dans les Vosges du Nord pendant toute la durée du Buntsandstein
Authors: Gall Jean-Claude
Published: June 2018

Dans le Nord des Vosges, les grès rouges du Trias inférieur atteignent plus de 400 mètres d'épaisseur. Deux faciès caractéristiques des environnements fluviatiles se retrouvent à travers toute la série : le faciès des chenaux où se déposaient rapidement des corps lenticulaires de grès ; le faciès des flaques d'eau temporaires, saumâtres ou sursalées, où un bas régime hydrodynamique favorisait l'épanouissement de la vie. Depuis le Grès d'Annweiler (Buntsandstein inférieur) jusqu'au Grès à Voltzia (sommet du Buntsandstein supérieur), les organismes aquatiques sont de plus en plus nombreux et variés. Leur existence est essentiellement attestée par les traces de leur activité : pistes (Isopodichnus ) et terriers (Corophioides , Planolites). De même, la végétation devient plus abondante et autochtone (racines in situ). Cette évolution est la conséquence d'une modification climatique. Au cours du Buntsandstein, le climat perd progressivement son caractère aride pour devenir plus humide. Ceci est à mettre en relation avec la progression de la transgression de la mer du Muschelkalk dont les influences sont sensibles dès l'époque du Grès à Voltzia.
L'individualisation progressive du continent africain vue à travers les données palynologiques de l'Ère secondaire
Authors: Jardiné Serge , Kieser Guy , Reyre Yves
Published: June 2018

L'évolution comparée des microflores africaines (Sahara, Afrique tropico-équatoriale, Madagascar) et de celles contemporaines d'Europe, d'Australie et d'Amérique du Sud surtout, confirme dans l'ensemble ce qu'on sait aujourd'hui des positions et du jeu de ces masses continentales au cours du Secondaire. Au Trias et au Jurassique les comparaisons palynologiques globales, seules possibles, conduisent à de simples hypothèses sur la disposition paléolatitudinale relative de ces masses dans l'ancien continent de Gondwana ou autour de lui. Au Crétacé des comparaisons palyno-stratigraphiques plus précises entre les bassins péri-atlantiques d'Afrique et d'Amérique du Sud, accompagnées de schémas de distribution géographique de certains taxons particuliers, permettent de situer dans le temps (à partir du Jurassique terminal ou plus probablement du Crétacé basai) et dans l'espace (continents peu éloignés jusqu'au Sénonien inclus) les effets géologiques correspondant à l'anomalie magnétique 32 qui date le début de l'ouverture de l'Atlantique Sud.
Middle Cretaceous palynomorphs from northeastern Brazil. Results of a palynological study of some boreholes and comparison with Africa and the Middle East / Pollen et spores du crétacé moyen du Nord-Est du Brésil. Résultats de l'analyse palynologique de quelques sondages et comparaison avec l'Afrique et le Moyen-Orient
Authors: Herngreen G.F.Waldemar
Published: June 2018

Albian-Cenomanian deposits of the Barreirinhas Basin, State of Maranhäo, Brazil, have been examined palynologically. Some selected palynomorphs such as Galeacornea causea, elatere-bearing species, angios-permous pollen grains and others are compared with their occurrences in Africa and the Middle East. The conclusions obtained strongly corroborate the hypothesis of a post-Cenomanian continental displacement ; this result rectifies palaeomagnetic interpretations.
Encroûtements calcaires dans les altérations des marnes éocènes de la falaise de Thiès (Sénégal). Organisation morphologique et minéralogie
Authors: Nahon Daniel , Paquet Hélène , Ruellan Alain , Millot Georges
Published: June 2018

The calcareous duricrusts of the weathering zone of Eocene marls from the cliff of Thiès (Senegal) were subject to a very detailed study by macromorphological, micromorphological (microscope and stereoscan) and mineralogical means. The authors show on field that vertical and lateral sequences of calcareous accumulations are similar to those described in mediterranean countries. However, the detailed study of the mechanism of calcareous accumulation (calcitization) emphasizes that the latter takes place principally due to the development of calcite microcrystals (crystalliplasma). This calcitization is maximum to the top of profiles and to the lowest part of sequences ; this accumulation is accompanied by an epigenesis of quartz, dolomite and clay by calcite. To this geochemical environment of calcitization is opposed a decalcitization environment at the bottom of profiles and at the upper part of sequences. This decalcitization at the bottom of profiles is mild and accompanied by neoformation of quartz, dolomite and attapulgite. In these two environments, there are inverse and reversible epigeneses between calcite on the one hand, and the other constituents on the other hand. Decalcitization and calcitization are related to structures ranging from plane to concentric, then massive.
Phénomènes diagénétiques successifs dans les «Grès du Zerhoun » (Rides Prérifaines, Maroc). Feldspathisation, kaolinisation et épigénies carbonatées
Authors: Faugères Jean-Claude , Paquet Hélène , Millot Georges
Published: June 2018

The Zerhoun sandstones which constitute a Bajocian faciès of the Rides Prérifaines, Morocco, present successive transformations by diagenesis. The first diagenetic phase involves two stages, i.e. feldspathization, then kaolinization. The second phase, which confines the medium in carbonates, is characterized by the succession of different calcific or dolomitic facies, with epigenesis of original silicates. Every diagenetic stage may be connected to a stage of the geological or tectonic history of the formation.
Le gisement de phosphate de chaux de Taïba (Sénégal). Un exemple d'enrichissement par altération
Authors: Lucas Jacques , Menor Eldemar , Prévôt Liliane
Published: June 2018

Die geologische und lithologische Beschreibung der eozänen phosphatführenden Formationen von Taiba, die mineralogische Untersuchung und die Verteilung der Minerale, die chemischen Analysen von 85 Proben und die geochemischen Interpretationen erlauben es zu folgenden Schlussfolgerungen zu gelangen : die Lagerstätte von Taiba ist eine Lagerstätte die in situ durch Oberflächenverwitterungslösungen verändert wurde ; der gesamte Kalzit ist aus den phosphatführenden Horizonten fortgeführt ; der Apatit ist dekalzifiziert ; die ursprünglichen Tonminerale sind umgebildet und der Kaolinit erscheint ; die Mehrzahl der Spurenelemente sind fortgeführt. Diese durch die Verwitterung bewirkten Veränderungen haben die Anreicherung von Phosphat in der Lagerstätte verursacht.
Remplacement progressif des silicates par les hydroxydes de fer et de nickel dans les profils d'altération tropicale des roches ultrabasiques. Accumulation résiduelle et épigénie
Authors: Trescases Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2018

L'altération en conditions tropicales est responsable de la formation des «latérites nickéliféres» aux dépens des roches ultrabasiques (0,1 à 0,4 % NiO). Cette altération affecte successivement les deux minéraux principaux des roches : noyaux de péridots et trame de rubans serpentineux (rétrodiagenèse). Les péridots abandonnent des cavités tapissées dliydroxyde de fer résiduel enrichi en nickel. Les cloisons serpentineuses sont progressivement épigénisées par des hydroxydes de fer fortement enrichis en nickel (parfois après formation d'une seconde génération de serpentine, nickélifére).

Avant la disparition du maillage serpentineux, la roche altérée (faciès de saprolite grossière) constitue le minerai de nickel «Silicaté» (2 à 3 % NiO). Plus haut, le profil d'altération ne renferme plus que les hydroxydes épigénisant ces cloisons : c'est le minerai «Iatéritique» ou «oxydé» (1 à 2 % NiO). Dans les deux cas, l'épigénie est le mécanisme essentiel de la formation des minerais de nickel supergène.
Eclogitic versus blueschist metamorphism in the internal Western Alps along the Susa valley traverse
Authors: Pognante Ugo
Published: June 2018

Le long de la basse vallée de Suse, les Alpes Occidentales Internes sont constituées par un groupe d'unités tectoniques éclogitiques, à l'Est, et par un groupe d'unités schistes bleus, à l'Ouest. Le groupe éclogitique comprend le massif continental Dora-Maira, la nappe ophiolitique piémontaise et le massif de Lanzo, une série de «schistes lustrés » avec intercalations gneissiques continentales. Le groupe schistes bleus comprend deux séries de «schistes lustrés » et le massif continental d'Ambin. Ces deux types de paragenèses métamorphiques sont le témoin de différentes conditions P — T qui auraient eu lieu pendant un phénomène de subduction et de collision polyphasé d'âge Crétacé supérieur dans les unités éclogitiques et d'âge plus récent (jusqu'à l'Eocène) dans les unités schistes bleus.
Le volcanisrne dinantien de la Meseta marocaine nord-occidentale et orientale. Caractères pétrographiques et géochimiques et implications géodynamiques. Dinantian volcanism of the northwestern and eastern Moroccan Meseta. Petrographic and geochemical characteristics and geodynamical implications
Authors: Kharbouch Fatima , Juteau Thierry , Treuil Michel , Joron Jean-Louis , Piqué Alain , Hoepffner Christian
Published: June 2018

L'étude pétrographique et géochimique des laves dinantiennes de la Meseta marocaine montre que les roches de la Meseta orientale constituent une série calco-alcaline probablement liée à une subduction, alors que celles de la Meseta nord-occidentale, tholéiitiques à alcalines, caractérisent un site distensif peut-être de type bassin marginal.
Le métamorphisme hercynien dans les formations tardi et post-panafricaines de l'Anti-Atlas occidental (Maroc). Données isotopiques Rb/Sr et K/Ar des fractions fines / The hercynien metamorphism in the late to post-panafrican units of the Western Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Rb/Sr and K/Ar isotopic datas
Authors: Bonhomme Michel , Hassenforder Bernard
Published: June 2018

The very slightly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the end of the Upper Proterozoic and of the beginning of the Paleozoic, near the Kerdous area, in the occidental part of the Anti-Atlas, have been submitted to Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopic studies. The results obtained are able to define two events, respectively dated at 370 and 290 My, whose signification in the hercynian evolution is discussed.
Geochemistry of silica-rich brines from Lake Natron (Tanzania). Géochimie des saumures riches en silice du lac Natron (Tanzanie)
Authors: Fritz Bertrand , Zins-Pawlas Marie-Paul , Gueddari Moncef
Published: June 2018

A computer program has been developed for calculating the activity coefficients of aqueous silica species. This program allows to the testing of the saturation states of silicate minerals in solutions concentrated by evaporation, particularly in alkaline brines. This has been done first for water samples from the Lake Natron basin. In these solutions due to evaporative concentration and/or temperature increase, magnesium is strongly depleted in the early stage of the evaporative salinization and magnesium silicates like sepiolite or magnesium-calcite may precipitate. At the end of the evaporitive process, the sodium and silica concentration increase regularly with the pH, and saturation with respect to magadiite and kenyaite is reached. However this does not affect the water chemistry, and the activity of silica is only limited by amorphous silica control. Therefore amorphous silica formation can be considered as the possible origin for the great amounts of cherts found in this basin.