bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probiotic supplementation in trained trotter horses: effect on blood clinical pathology data and urine metabolomic assessed in field
Authors: Laghi Luca , Zhu Chenglin , Campagna Giuseppe , Rossi Giacomo , Bazzano Marilena , Laus Fulvio
Published: April 2018

The attention of sports community toward probiotic supplementation as a way to promote exercise and training performance, together with good health, has increased in recent years. This has applied also to horses, with promising results. Here, for the first time, we tested a probiotic mix of several strains of live bacteria typically employed for humans to improve the training performance of Standardbred horses in athletic activity. To evaluate its effects on the horse performance, we measured lactate concentration in blood, a translational outcome largely employed for the purpose, combined with the study of hematological and biochemical parameters, together with urine from a metabolomics perspective. The results showed that the probiotic supplementation significantly reduced postexercise blood lactate concentration. The hematological and biochemical parameters, together with urine molecular profile, suggested that a likely mechanism underlying this positive effect was connected to a switch of energy source in muscle from carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids. Three sulfur-containing molecules differently concentrated in urines in connection to probiotics administration suggested that such switch was linked to sulfur metabolism.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Probiotic supplementation could reduce postexercise blood lactate concentration in Standardbred horses in athletic activity. Blood parameters, together with urine molecular profile, suggest the mechanism underlying this positive effect is connected to a switch of energy source in muscle from carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids. Sulfur-containing molecules found in urines in connection to probiotics administration suggested that such switch was linked to sulfur metabolism.
A Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration and Fine-Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Solid Pancreatic Lesions
Authors: Ayres Lachlan R. , Kmiotek Elizabeth K. , Lam Eric , Telford Jennifer J.
Published: April 2018

Background and Aims. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the method of choice for sampling pancreatic lesions. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy and safety of FNB using a novel core needle to FNA in solid pancreatic lesions. Methods. A retrospective review of patients in whom EUS FNA or FNB was performed for solid pancreatic lesions was conducted. Diagnostic performance was calculated based upon a dual classification system: classification 1, only malignant pathology considered a true positive, versus classification 2, atypical, suspicious, and malignant pathology considered a true positive. Results. 43 patients underwent FNB compared with 51 FNA. Using classification 1, sensitivity was 74.0% versus 80.0%, specificity 100% versus 100%, and diagnostic accuracy 77.0% versus 80.0% for FNB versus FNA, respectively (all p>0.05). Using classification 2, sensitivity was 97% versus 94.0%, specificity 100% versus 100%, and diagnostic accuracy 98.0% versus 94.0% for FNB versus FNA, respectively (all p>0.05). FNB required significantly fewer needle passes (median = 2) compared to FNA (median = 3; p<0.001). Adverse events occurred in two (4.5%) FNB patients compared with none in the FNA group (p>0.05). Conclusion. FNA and FNB have comparable sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. FNB required fewer passes.
On the Characterization of Some Classes of Four-Dimensional Matrices and AlmostB-Summable Double Sequences
Authors: Tug Orhan
Published: April 2018

We firstly summarize the related literature aboutBr,s,t,u-summability of double sequence spaces and almostBr,s,t,u-summable double sequence spaces. Then we characterize some new matrix classes ofLs′:Cf,BLs′:Cf, andLs′:BCfof four-dimensional matrices in both cases of0<s′≤1and1<s′<∞, and we complete this work with some significant results.
Gene Variation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases 1 and 2, and Risk of Blood Pressure Progression and Incident Hypertension among 17,255 Initially Healthy Women
Authors: Zee Robert Y. L. , Rivera Alicia , Inostroza Yaritza , Ridker Paul M. , Chasman Daniel I. , Romero Jose R.
Published: April 2018

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) in blood pressure (BP) homeostasis. To date, no large prospective, genetic–epidemiological data are available on genetic variation within ERAP and hypertension risk. The association of 45 genetic variants of ERAP1 and ERAP2 was investigated in 17,255 Caucasian female participants from the Women’s Genome Health Study. All subjects were free of hypertension at baseline. During an 18-year follow-up period, 10,216 incident hypertensive cases were identified. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of genotypes with baseline BP levels, BP progression at 48 months, and incident hypertension assuming an additive genetic model. Linear regression analyses showed associations of four tSNPs (ERAP1: rs27524; ERAP2: rs3733904, rs4869315, and rs2549782; all p<0.05) with baseline systolic BP levels. Three tSNPs (ERAP1: rs27851, rs27429, and rs34736, all p<0.05) were associated with baseline diastolic BP levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ERAP1 rs27772 was associated with BP progression at 48 months (p=0.0366). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed an association of three tSNPs (ERAP1: rs469783 and rs10050860; ERAP2: rs2927615; all p<0.05) with risk of incident hypertension. Analyses of dbGaP for genotype–phenotype association and GTEx Portal for gene expression quantitative trait loci revealed five tSNPs with differential association of BP and nine tSNPs with lower ERAP1 and ERAP2 mRNA expression levels, respectively. The present study suggests that ERAP1 and ERAP2 gene variation may be useful for risk assessment of BP progression and the development of hypertension.
Stevia Prevents Acute and Chronic Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride by Blocking Oxidative Stress through Nrf2 Upregulation
Authors: Ramos-Tovar Erika , Hernández-Aquino Erika , Casas-Grajales Sael , Buendia-Montaño Laura D. , Galindo-Gómez Silvia , Camacho Javier , Tsutsumi Víctor , Muriel Pablo
Published: April 2018

The effect of stevia on liver cirrhosis has not been previously investigated. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of stevia leaves were studied in male Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride‐ (CCl4‐) induced acute and chronic liver damage. Acute and chronic liver damage induced oxidative stress, necrosis, and cholestasis, which were significantly ameliorated by stevia. Chronic CCl4 treatment resulted in liver cirrhosis, as evidenced by nodules of hepatocytes surrounded by thick bands of collagen and distortion of the hepatic architecture, and stevia significantly prevented these alterations. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of action of the plant was analyzed. Our study for the first time shows that stevia upregulated Nrf2, thereby counteracting oxidative stress, and prevented necrosis and cholestasis through modulation of the main proinflammatory cytokines via NF‐κB inhibition. These multitarget mechanisms led to the prevention of experimental cirrhosis. Given the reasonable safety profile of stevia, our results indicated that it may be useful for the clinical treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases.
A Hybrid Approach for Modular Neural Network Design Using Intercriteria Analysis and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Sotirov Sotir , Sotirova Evdokia , Atanassova Vassia , Atanassov Krassimir , Castillo Oscar , Melin Patricia , Petkov Todor , Surchev Stanimir
Published: April 2018

Intercriteria analysis (ICA) is a new method, which is based on the concepts of index matrices and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, aiming at detection of possible correlations between pairs of criteria, expressed as coefficients of the positive and negative consonance between each pair of criteria. Here, the proposed method is applied to study the behavior of one type of neural networks, the modular neural networks (MNN), that combine several simple neural models for simplifying a solution to a complex problem. They are a tool that can be used for object recognition and identification. Usually the inputs of the MNN can be fed with independent data. However, there are certain limits when we may use MNN, and the number of the neurons is one of the major parameters during the implementation of the MNN. On the other hand, a high number of neurons can slow down the learning process, which is not desired. In this paper, we propose a method for removing part of the inputs and, hence, the neurons, which in addition leads to a decrease of the error between the desired goal value and the real value obtained on the output of the MNN. In the research work reported here the authors have applied the ICA method to the data from real datasets with measurements of crude oil probes, glass, and iris plant. The method can also be used to assess the independence of data with good results.
Comparison of Regenerative Tissue Quality following Matrix-Associated Cell Implantation Using Amplified Chondrocytes Compared to Synovium-Derived Stem Cells in a Rabbit Model for Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Schmal Hagen , Kowal Justyna M. , Kassem Moustapha , Seidenstuecker Michael , Bernstein Anke , Böttiger Katharina , Xiong Tanshiyue , Südkamp Norbert P. , Kubosch Eva J.
Published: April 2018

Known problems of the autologous chondrocyte implantation motivate the search for cellular alternatives. The aim of the study was to test the potential of synovium-derived stem cells (SMSC) to regenerate cartilage using a matrix-associated implantation. In an osteochondral defect model of the medial femoral condyle in a rabbit, a collagen membrane was seeded with either culture-expanded allogenic chondrocytes or SMSC and then transplanted into the lesion. A tailored piece synovium served as a control. Rabbit SMSC formed typical cartilage in vitro. Macroscopic evaluation of defect healing and the thickness of the regenerated tissue did not reveal a significant difference between the intervention groups. However, instantaneous and shear modulus, reflecting the biomechanical strength of the repair tissue, was superior in the implantation group using allogenic chondrocytes (p<0.05). This correlated with a more chondrogenic structure and higher proteoglycan expression, resulting in a lower OARSI score (p<0.05). The repair tissue of all groups expressed comparable amounts of the collagen types I, II, and X. Cartilage regeneration following matrix-associated implantation using allogenic undifferentiated synovium-derived stem cells in a defect model in rabbits showed similar macroscopic results and collagen composition compared to amplified chondrocytes; however, biomechanical characteristics and histological scoring were inferior.
Optimization of Cognitive Radio Secondary Information Gathering Station Positioning and Operating Channel Selection for IoT Sensor Networks
Authors: Wen Jinyi , Yang Qin , Yoo Sang-Jo
Published: April 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of different objects through the internet using different communication technologies. The objects are equipped with sensors and communications modules. The cognitive radio network is a key technique for the IoT and can effectively address spectrum-related issues for IoT applications. In our paper, a novel method for IoT sensor networks is proposed to obtain the optimal positions of secondary information gathering stations (SIGSs) and to select the optimal operating channel. Our objective is to maximize secondary system capacity while protecting the primary system. In addition, we propose an appearance probability matrix for secondary IoT devices (SIDs) to maximize the supportable number of SIDs that can be installed in a car, in wearable devices, or for other monitoring devices, based on optimal deployment and probability. We derive fitness functions based on the above objectives and also consider signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and position constraints. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to find the best position and operating channel for the SIGSs. In a simulation study, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with a random resources allocation algorithm (parts of this paper were presented at the ICTC2017 conference (Wen et al., 2017)).
Shape Recognition Based on Projected Edges and Global Statistical Features
Authors: Stubendek Attila , Karacs Kristóf
Published: April 2018

A combined shape descriptor for object recognition is presented, along with an offline and online learning method. The descriptor is composed of a local edge-based part and global statistical features. We also propose a two-level, nearest neighborhood type multiclass classification method, in which classes are bounded, defining an inherent rejection region. In the first stage, global features are used to filter model instances, in contrast to the second stage, in which the projected edge-based features are compared. Our experimental results show that the combination of independent features leads to increased recognition robustness and speed. The core algorithms map easily to cellular architectures or dedicated VLSI hardware.
Dual Roles of Serine‐Threonine Kinase Receptor‐Associated Protein (STRAP) in Redox‐Sensitive Signaling Pathways Related to Cancer Development
Authors: Manoharan Ravi , Seong Hyun-A , Ha Hyunjung
Published: April 2018

Serine‐threonine kinase receptor‐associated protein (STRAP) is a transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) receptor‐interacting protein that has been implicated in both cell proliferation and cell death in response to various stresses. However, the precise roles of STRAP in these cellular processes are still unclear. The mechanisms by which STRAP controls both cell proliferation and cell death are now beginning to be unraveled. In addition to its biological roles, this review also focuses on the dual functions of STRAP in cancers displaying redox dysregulation, where it can behave as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene (i.e., it can either inhibit or promote tumor formation), depending on the cellular context. Further studies are needed to define the functions of STRAP and the redox‐sensitive intracellular signaling pathways that enhance either cell proliferation or cell death in human cancer tissues, which may help in the development of effective treatments for cancer.
Non-Helicobacter pylori Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in Children: A Series of Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Camacho-Gomez Sandra Mabel , Bernieh Anas , Saad Ali G. , Tipnis Neelesh Ajit
Published: April 2018

In the pediatric population, Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (GIM) is a finding with unknown frequency and, more importantly, unknown clinical implications. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and GIM is well documented, as well as an association between duodenogastric reflux and GIM. We present two cases of pediatric patients with GIM along with a review of the literature. The diagnosis of GIM may have adverse clinical implications and should be made with caution in a child. The association of GIM and adenoma/dysplasia and carcinoma is rarely seen in children, primarily because the time required for these to develop takes the individual into adulthood. Treatment, long-term consequences, and surveillance protocols are not well established in the pediatric population. Studies to evaluate the long-term natural history, treatment, and surveillance protocols in children with GIM are needed.
Two Transcripts of FBXO5 Promote Migration and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Lin , Liu Kun , Yan Yanzhe , Chu Zhuangzhuang , Tang Yi , Tang Chunbo
Published: April 2018

Objectives. Enhanced migration and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are beneficial for MSC-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration, a promising method for periodontitis treatment. FBXO5, a member of the F-box protein family, is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Here, we investigated the effect of FBXO5 on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Materials and Methods. hPDLSCs were isolated from periodontal ligament tissue. Lentivirus FBXO5 shRNA was used to silence FBXO5 expression. Two transcripts of FBXO5 were overexpressed and transduced into hPDLSCs via retroviral infection. Migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs were evaluated using the scratch migration assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The expression of FBXO5 was upregulated after osteogenic induction in hPDLSCs. FBXO5 knockdown attenuated migration, inhibited ALP activity and mineralization, and decreased RUNX2, OSX, and OCN expression, while the overexpression of two transcript isoforms significantly accelerated migration, enhanced ALP activity and mineralization, and increased RUNX2, OSX, and OCN expression in hPDLSCs. Conclusions. Both isoforms of FBXO5 promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs, which identified a potential target for improving periodontal tissue regeneration.
Treatment of EnteropathogenicEscherichia coliDiarrhea in Cancer Patients: A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Denham James D. , Nanjappa Sowmya , Greene John N.
Published: April 2018

EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) is a common cause of watery diarrhea in children in the developing world and an infrequent cause of significant diarrhea in adult patients. EPEC diarrhea, while not commonly seen in cancer patients, can cause significant distress to patients, and antimicrobial choice for this condition in this patient population is not clearly delineated in the literature. We report 3 cases of EPEC diarrhea in cancer patients and discuss the use of azithromycin for successful treatment of these patients. Positive outcomes were seen while using azithromycin in our first two patients and ciprofloxacin in our third patient.
Changes in Pain Perception following Psychotherapy: The Mediating Role of Psychological Components
Authors: Zanini Susanna , Voltolini Alessandra , Gragnano Gaia , Fumagalli Emilia , Pagnini Francesco
Published: April 2018

Chronic pain is frequently associated with significant psychological issues, such as depression or anxiety. Psychological treatments, such as psychotherapy, can often alleviate both psychological and pain symptoms. However, there is limited research about the association between psychological symptoms and perceived pain in the context of psychotherapeutic interventions. We conducted a retrospective study that analyzed, in a hospital context, how changes in psychological functioning and well-being were associated with pain reduction. Thirty-seven records of patients with chronic pain attending psychotherapy in a public hospital were included. All patients were assessed before psychotherapy, as well as after 6 and 10 months, with self-reported questionnaires about pain, anxiety, depression, and psychological functioning. Results indicate that reductions in anxiety, depression, psychological problems, risk factors, and well-being are strongly related with a reduction in pain, further confirming the hypothesis that psychological morbidity is associated with pain severity.
Formulation and Characterization of Potential Antifungal Oleogel with Essential Oil of Thyme
Authors: Kasparaviciene Giedre , Kalveniene Zenona , Pavilonis Alvydas , Marksiene Ruta , Dauksiene Jurgita , Bernatoniene Jurga
Published: April 2018

The aim of this research was to formulate oleogel with thyme essential oil with potential antimicrobial activity, design optimal formulation, and evaluate the influence of ingredients on texture parameters of preparation. Central composite design was applied to statistical optimization of colloidal silica and paraffin oil mixture for the modeling of oleogel delivery system. The influence of designed formulations on response variables (texture parameters), firmness, cohesiveness, consistency, and index of viscosity, was evaluated. Quality of essential oil of thyme was assessed by determinate concentration of thymol and carvacrol using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC‐FID). Microbiological tests have shown that oleogel with thyme essential oil affects Candida albicans microorganism when thyme essential oil’s concentration is 0,05% in oleogel mixture.
Blockade of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion with All-Trans Retinoic Acid Increases the Efficacy of Antiangiogenic Therapy
Authors: Bauer Raimund , Udonta Florian , Wroblewski Mark , Ben-Batalla Isabel , Santos Ines Miranda , Taverna Federico , Kuhlencord Meike , Gensch Victoria , Päsler Sarina , Vinckier Stefan , Brandner Johanna M. , Pantel Klaus , Bokemeyer Carsten , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes , Carmeliet Peter , Loges Sonja
Published: April 2018

Intrinsic and adaptive resistance hampers the success of antiangiogenic therapies (AAT), especially in breast cancer where this treatment modality has proven largely ineffective. Therefore, novel strategies to improve the efficacy of AAT are warranted. Solid tumors such as breast cancer are characterized by a high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which are key drivers of resistance to AAT. Therefore, we hypothesized that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which induces differentiation of MDSC into mature cells, could improve the therapeutic effect of AAT. ATRA increased the efficacy of anti–VEGFR2 antibodies alone and in combination with chemotherapy in preclinical breast cancer models. ATRA reverted the anti–VEGFR2-induced accumulation of intratumoral MDSC, alleviated hypoxia, and counteracted the disorganization of tumor microvessels. Mechanistic studies indicate that ATRA treatment blocked the AAT-induced expansion of MDSC secreting high levels of vessel-destabilizing S100A8. Thus, concomitant treatment with ATRA holds the potential to improve AAT in breast cancer and possibly other tumor types.

Significance: Increasing the therapeutic efficiency of antiangiogenic drugs by reducing resistance-conferring myeloid-derived suppressor cells might improve breast cancer treatment.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/12/3220/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3220–32. ©2018 AACR.
IL-17-Blockade in der Psoriasis-Therapie
Authors: Sondermann Wiebke , Körber Andreas
Published: April 2018

Die Psoriasis vulgaris ist eine immun-mediierte chronisch-inflammatorische Erkrankung, von der in Deutschland rund 2 Millionen Menschen betroffen sind. Die zugrunde liegende Inflammation bei der Psoriasis kommt durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von Genen, Umweltfaktoren und dem angeborenen sowie erworbenen Immunsystem zustande. Bei der Psoriasis handelt es sich nicht um eine reine Hauterkrankung, sondern um eine chronisch-inflammatorische Systemerkrankung, die Schweregrad-adaptiert mit einer Reihe von Komorbiditäten assoziiert sein kann. Wie in den letzten Jahren immer mehr herausgearbeitet werden konnte, stellt Interleukin(IL)-17A ein proinflammatorisches Schlüsselzytokin bei der Pathogenese der psoriatischen Inflammation dar und ist somit ein potentes Ziel für die Psoriasis-Therapie. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt stehen in Deutschland zwei IL-17A-Antagonisten (Secukinumab und Ixekizumab) und seit dem 1.9.2017 auch Brodalumab, der erste IL-17-Rezeptor-Blocker (IL-17RA) zur Verfügung. Alle genannten Substanzen haben in Deutschland eine First-Line-Zulassung zur Behandlung der mittelschweren bis schweren Psoriasis erhalten. Ein Charakteristikum der IL-17-Blockade ist ein exzellentes Therapieansprechen, das sehr schnell erreicht wird. Über 70% der Patienten erreichen in Phase-3-Studien unter einer IL-17-Blockade eine Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)-Verbesserung von 90, über 40% der Patienten können sogar eine komplette Erscheinungsfreiheit (PASI 100) erlangen. Die Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit der IL-17A-Inhibitoren ist bislang weitestgehend vergleichbar mit den bisher zugelassenen Biologika. Eine klassenabhängige Nebenwirkung ist jedoch das vermehrte Auftreten von Candidosen, da IL-17A bei der Abwehr der entsprechenden Erreger unter physiologischen Bedingungen beteiligt ist. Unter Brodalumab wurde im Studienprogramm eine erhöhte Rate von Suizidgedanken und suizidalem Verhalten einschließlich vollendeter Suizide beobachtet. Letztlich konnte jedoch keine kausale Verbindung des suizidalen Verhaltens zur Behandlung mit Brodalumab hergestellt werden. Dennoch ist beim Einsatz von Brodalumab bei Patienten mit psychischen Problemen wie z.B. Depressionen in der Anamnese Vorsicht geboten. Die Therapielandschaft der Psoriasis-Behandlung hat sich durch die Etablierung der IL-17-Inhibitoren stark zum Positiven verändert. Eine «Schwierigkeit» besteht nun darin, aus der Fülle der zur Verfügung stehenden konventionellen Systemtherapeutika und Biologika das individuell zum jeweiligen Patienten passende Präparat auszuwählen. Der zunehmende Erfahrungsgewinn mit den neuen Substanzen sowie die gerade erschienene, neu überarbeitete S3-Leitlinie zur Psoriasis-Behandlung werden bei den Entscheidungsprozessen unterstützend wirken.
Correlation between Preoperative Auditory Steady-State Response and Postoperative Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response and T Level in Cochlear Implantation for Child Patients with Inner-Ear Malformations
Authors: Qiao Xiao-Feng , Li Xin , Wang Dong , Li Tong-Li
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between thresholds of preoperative multiple auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) and the behavioral threshold. Methods: A total of 72 patients were elected to receive a multichannel cochlear implant. According to the residual hearing determined in a preoperative test using high-, moderate-, and low-frequency ASSR, these patients were divided into the following 2 groups: residual hearing and hearing loss. The EABR and behavioral thresholds 1 year after implantation were assayed, and differences between these 2 parameters were compared. Results: Among the high-, moderate-, and low-frequency residual hearing groups, the EABR and behavioral thresholds of patients 1 year after implantation were significantly lower than those in the hearing loss group, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Before the operation, ASSR results can be used to predict the efficacy of cochlear implantation in patients, and they serve as one of the reference conditions for choosing the ear for implantation. However, the threshold of ASSR is not equivalent to the actual auditory threshold of patients after implantation, and the deviation between these 2 thresholds is more significant at low frequencies.
Early Administration of Magnesium Sulfate during Open Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair Reduces the Dose of Inhalational Anesthesia
Authors: Donepudi Roopali , Huynh Melissa , Moise, Jr. Kenneth J. , Papanna Ramesha , Johnson Anthony , Austin Mary , Tsao KuoJen , Jain Ranu
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Optimal uterine relaxation is achieved through higher minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics, increasing risks to mother and fetus. Our objective was to determine if earlier administration of magnesium sulfate would reduce the requirement of inhalational anesthetics in fetal myelomeningocele repair. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study of fetal myelomeningocele repair was performed from September 2011 to August 2017. Groups compared were: (1) magnesium sulfate at uterine closure; (2) magnesium sulfate at maternal skin incision. Maternal demographics, anesthetic agents, intraoperative complications, and pregnancy outcomes were reviewed. A Student t test was used for analysis. Results: There were 30 cases in group 1 and 21 cases in group 2. There was no difference in gestational age at intervention (24.92 ± 0.62 vs. 25.22 ± 0.47 weeks, p = 0.07) or at delivery (34.83 ± 2.77 vs. 33.98 ± 3.83 weeks, p = 0.38) between groups 1 and 2, respectively. The maximum MAC of sevoflurane was significantly lower in group 2 (1.84 ± 0.25 vs. 1.05 ± 0.28, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the average dose of phenylephrine used. Discussion: Magnesium sulfate infusion initiated earlier in open fetal surgery reduces the total anesthetic exposure to the fetus.
Can Nutrition Lower the Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Weigl Julia , Hauner Hans , Hauner Dagmar
Published: April 2018

Background: The impact of diet on breast cancer prognosis is poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a literature search summarizing the current evidence on the effect of diet on breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for original studies, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2010 and 2017. Studies related to diet, dietary patterns, special diets or specific dietary factors, and breast cancer recurrence or mortality were included. Results: Adherence to high diet quality indices (relative risk (RR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.90) and a prudent/healthy dietary pattern (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.95) may have a beneficial effect on breast cancer prognosis, whereas a Western/unhealthy diet is associated with poorer overall mortality (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17-1.77). For low-fat diets, the findings are inconsistent. A positive effect of the Mediterranean Diet was found for all-cause mortality, but no beneficial effect from other diets such as low-carbohydrate, ketogenic or vegetarian/vegan diets was observed. Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk for breast cancer recurrence. No general recommendation for soy exists, but occasional intake seems to be acceptable, whereas the use of other supplements is not justified. Conclusion: Adherence to high-quality diets and a prudent/healthy dietary pattern seem to be beneficial for breast cancer prognosis. No clear evidence for a benefit from special diets, soy products, or other supplements was found.
Effects of Bladder Training and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Female Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rizvi Raheela Mohsin , Chughtai Novera Ghayoor , Kapadia Naheed
Published: April 2018

Objective: The purpose of our study was to see the efficacy of 3 different modes of treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) in symptoms reduction and quality of life improvement. Methods: We conducted a 12-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial of women aged 22–65 years with clinical diagnosis of OAB. Arm A (n = 47) received bladder training, arm B (n = 50) received pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), and arm C (n = 50) received PFMT with biofeedback. Bladder diary was used to assess the difference in urinary frequency, urgency, and leak accidents before and after treatment. Initial and final assessment was made using ­validated urogenital distress inventory short form 6 (UDI-SF6) and incontinence impact questionnaire short form 7 (IIQ-SF7). Results: UDI-SF6 scores showed significant improvement in all arms. There was a reduction in UDI-6 scores from 8.38 ± 4.3 to 4.77 ± 5.5 with a mean difference of 3.61 ± 7.4 in patients in arm A (p = 0.002), arm B (p = 0.01), and arm C (p = 0.016). All patients in arms A, B, and C reported significant improvement in quality of life as assessed by IIQ-SF7 scores with significant p values of 0.009, 0.051, and 0.001, respectively. Bladder diary results using paired t test showed the significant difference in day time urinary frequency in arm A after treatment, as well as the reduction in both leak accidents and urgency score in all 3 arms. Conclusions: All 3 arms of study showed significant results and can be used as the first line of management.
Marca-Municipio: una revisión crítica
Authors: Osorio González Rebeca , Serrano Barquín Rocío Del Carmen , González Domínguez Irais , Soto Ortega Jorge
Published: April 2018

La poca información que existe sobre el concepto de marca-municipio y su proceso de construcción justifica la presente revisión crítica. En ese sentido, el documento versa, en su marco conceptual, sobre las marcas ligadas a espacios geográficos como marcapaís, marca-destino, marca-lugar y marca-territorio. Lo anterior abona al objetivo del presente artículo: delimitar una conceptualización y proponer una metodología de construcción para la marca-municipio. La metodología propia para esta investigación se valió del método Delphi, que aporta al presente documento, un análisis desde el punto de vista de un grupo de cinco expertos, los cuales emitieron opiniones en el instrumento aplicado sobre sus percepciones y conocimiento relacionado con la marca-municipio. En ese sentido, también se analizaron tanto las diferentes conceptualizaciones de marcas geográficas como sus modelos de construcción. En las conclusiones, se destaca que México no cuenta con una marca-municipio y esta es una herramienta de planificación integral, que resguarda la identidad del municipio y busca abonar al desarrollo territorial y endógeno del municipio, por lo tanto, su metodología de construcción debe estar fundamentada en un proceso totalmente inclusivo.
Indications for the Performance of Intracranial Endovascular Neurointerventional Procedures: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Eskey Clifford J. , Meyers Philip M. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Ansari Sameer A. , Jayaraman Mahesh , McDougall Cameron G. , DeMarco J. Kevin , Gray William A. , Hess David C. , Higashida Randall T. , Pandey Dilip K. , Peña Constantino , Schumacher Hermann C. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention and Stroke Council
Published: April 2018

Intracranial endovascular interventions provide effective and minimally invasive treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. This area of expertise has continued to gain both wider application and greater depth as new and better techniques are developed and as landmark clinical studies are performed to guide their use. Some of the greatest advances since the last American Heart Association scientific statement on this topic have been made in the treatment of ischemic stroke from large intracranial vessel occlusion, with more effective devices and large randomized clinical trials showing striking therapeutic benefit. The treatment of cerebral aneurysms has also seen substantial evolution, increasing the number of aneurysms that can be treated successfully with minimally invasive therapy. Endovascular therapies for such other diseases as arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, venous thrombosis, and neoplasms continue to improve. The purpose of the present document is to review current information on the efficacy and safety of procedures used for intracranial endovascular interventional treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and to summarize key aspects of best practice.
Bergson and Judaism
Authors: Haberman Jacob
Published: April 2018

Bergson’s troublesome relation to Judaism has been examined briefly by Aimé Pallière in Bergson et le Judaisme (Paris: F. Alcan, 1933) and his ambivalent attraction to Roman Catholicism by the learned Dominican philosopher-theologian Antonin Sertillanges in Henri Bergson et le catholicisme (Paris: Flammarion, 1941). Vladimir Jankélevitch, in his study Henri Bergson (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959), has an appendix entitled “Bergson et le Judaisme,” However, he is concerned with the affinity between Bergsonism and Judaism rather than with Bergson’s adverse criticism of the Jewish religion. I mention these studies without discussing them further in appreciation of their pioneering work and to acknowledge that I have taken cognizance of their opinions. The belief that one can ignore the work of previous scholars leaves no basis for the expectation that our own work will prove of any value to others, but I do believe that Bergson’s strictures on Judaism deserve an examination of Jewish and Christian texts as well as an analysis of time by Jewish thinkers.
The South Pacific Meridional Mode as a Thermally Driven Source of ENSO Amplitude Modulation and Uncertainty
Authors: Larson Sarah M. , Pegion Kathy V. , Kirtman Ben P.
Published: April 2018

This study seeks to identify thermally driven sources of ENSO amplitude and uncertainty, as they are relatively unexplored compared to wind-driven sources. Pacific meridional modes are argued to be wind triggers for ENSO events. This study offers an alternative role for the South Pacific meridional mode (SPMM) in ENSO dynamics, not as an ENSO trigger, but as a coincident source of latent heat flux (LHF) forcing of ENSO SSTA that, if correctly (incorrectly) predicted, could reduce (increase) ENSO prediction errors. We utilize a coupled model simulation in which ENSO variability is perfectly periodic and each El Niño experiences identical wind stress forcing. Differences in El Niño amplitude are primarily thermally driven via the SPMM. When El Niño occurs coincidentally with positive phase SPMM, the positive SPMM LHF anomaly counteracts a fraction of the LHF damping of El Niño, allowing for a more intense El Niño. If the SPMM phase is instead negative, the SPMM LHF amplifies the LHF damping of El Niño, reducing the event’s amplitude. Therefore, SPMM LHF anomalies may either constructively or destructively interfere with coincident ENSO events, thus modulating the amplitude of ENSO. The ocean also plays a role, as the thermally forced SSTA is then advected westward by the mean zonal velocity, generating a warming or cooling in the ENSO SSTA tendency in addition to the wind-forced component. Results suggest that in addition to wind-driven sources, there exists a thermally driven piece to ENSO amplitude and uncertainty that is generally overlooked. Links between the SPMM and Pacific decadal variability are discussed.
Modulational Instability and Rogue Waves in Crossing Sea States
Authors: Gramstad Odin , Bitner-Gregersen Elzbieta , Trulsen Karsten , Nieto Borge José Carlos
Published: April 2018

Wave statistical properties and occurrence of extreme and rogue waves in crossing sea states are investigated. Compared to previous studies a more extensive set of crossing sea states are investigated, both with respect to spectral shape of the individual wave systems and with respect to the crossing angle and separation in peak frequency of the two wave systems. It is shown that, because of the effects described by Piterbarg, for a linear sea state the expected maximum crest elevation over a given surface area depends on the crossing angle so that the expected maximum crest elevation is largest when two wave systems propagate with a crossing angle close to 90°. It is further shown by nonlinear phase-resolving numerical simulations that nonlinear effects have an opposite effect, such that maximum sea surface kurtosis is expected for relatively large and small crossing angles, with a minimum around 90°, and that the expected maximum crest height is almost independent of the crossing angle. The numerical results are accompanied by analysis of the modulational instability of two crossing Stokes waves, which is studied using the Zakharov equation so that, different from previous studies, results are valid for arbitrary-bandwidth perturbations. It is shown that there is a positive correlation between the value of kurtosis in the numerical simulations and the maximum unstable growth rate of two crossing Stokes waves, even for realistic broadband crossing sea states.
Born to Die Online? A Cross-National Analysis of the Rise and Decline of Alternative Action Organizations in Europe
Authors: Loukakis Angelos , Kiess Johannes , Kousis Maria , Lahusen Christian
Published: April 2018

Alternative collective initiatives often emerge during hard times, supporting citizens and helping them meet their increasing needs through nonmainstream economic activities. To this end, citizens organize formal and informal alternative action organizations (AAOs). Recent studies have shown that the economic crisis was a trigger for the founding of a wide variety of new AAOs, especially in the countries most affected, such as Greece and Spain. One aspect of AAOs untouched so far, however, is their life span. This article investigates factors that impact on AAOs’ ability to stay active online, using fresh data on their organizational profiles from their organizational websites. It offers a comparative, systematic analysis of the age structure and the activity rate of AAOs in nine European countries (Greece, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Poland, Switzerland, and Sweden), for the 2007-2016 period. Following the classic resource mobilization theory, we conclude that the lifeline of these organizations, as that of social movement organizations, even when their forms are innovative and alternative, depends on adequate resources.
A decision support tool to inform local suicide prevention activity in Greater Western Sydney (Australia)
Authors: Page Andrew , Atkinson Jo-An , Campos William , Heffernan Mark , Ferdousi Shahana , Power Adrian , McDonnell Geoff , Maranan Nereus , Hickie Ian
Published: April 2018

Objectives:

This study describes the development of a decision support tool to identify the combination of suicide prevention activities and service priorities likely to deliver the greatest reductions in suicidal behaviour in Western Sydney (Australia) over the period 2018–2028.

Methods:

A dynamic simulation model for the WentWest – Western Sydney Primary Health Network population-catchment was developed in partnership with primary health network stakeholders based on defined pathways to mental health care and suicidal behaviour, and which represented the current incidence of suicide and attempted suicide in Western Sydney. A series of scenarios relating to potential suicide prevention activities and service priorities identified by primary health network stakeholders were investigated to identify the combination of interventions associated with the largest reductions in the forecast number of attempted suicide and suicide cases for a 10-year follow-up period.

Results:

The largest number of cases averted for both suicide and attempted suicide was associated with (1) post-suicide attempt assertive aftercare (6.1% for both attempted suicide and suicide), (2) improved community support and reductions in psychological distress in the community (5.1% for attempted suicide and 14.8% for suicide), and (3) reductions in the proportion of those lost to services following a mental health service contact (10.5% for both attempted suicide and suicide). In combination, these interventions were forecast to avert approximately 29.7% of attempted suicides and 37.1% of suicides in the primary health network catchment over the 10-year period.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the utility of dynamic simulation models, co-designed with multi-disciplinary stakeholder groups, to capture and analyse complex mental health and suicide prevention regional planning problems. The model can be used by WentWest – Western Sydney Primary Health Network as a decision support tool to guide the commissioning of future service activity, and more efficiently frame the monitoring and evaluation of interventions as they are implemented in Western Sydney.
Including the voices of children and young people in health policy development: An Irish perspective
Authors: Martin Shirley , Horgan Deirdre , Scanlon Margaret , Eldin Nazih , O’Donnell Anne
Published: April 2018

Objective:

This paper presents findings of a qualitative study which explored children and young people’s understanding of health and the factors that contribute, or act as barriers, to healthy lifestyles. Views were elicited from consultations with children and young people as part of the process for the development of a National Obesity Policy in Ireland.

Design:

Child participatory methodology was used which prioritised the voice of the child in policy making.

Methods:

Two consultations were held – one with 48 children between the ages of 8 and 12 and the other with 34 young people aged 13–17 years. The consultations utilised qualitative participatory methodology which prioritised the voices of children and young people in policy making. A diverse range of methodological tools (e.g. ‘lifelines’, ‘body maps’, world café workshops) were used to collect data and optimise levels of participant engagement. Qualitative visual and written data produced during the consultations was then subjected to thematic analysis.

Results:

Children and young people’s constructions of health and healthy lifestyles are multifaceted. Participants in the consultation appeared well informed as to the general factors which contribute to healthy and unhealthy lifestyles. There were notable differences of emphasis related to age, with the older age group engaging more with issues relating to mental health and peer relationships, while younger children focused more on balanced diet and exercise.

Conclusion:

Findings from this consultation suggest that children’s constructions of health, and their understandings of the factors that impact health, are complex and often go beyond medical constructions of the meaning of health. The consultation informed the development of the new National Obesity Policy in a number of ways, including specific actions in relation to the development of a whole school healthy lifestyles programme, developing a health and well-being model for early childhood services, and providing clinical services specifically for children.
Policy evaluation in parliament: interest groups as catalysts
Authors: Varone Frédéric , Bundi Pirmin , Gava Roy
Published: April 2018

Members of Parliament (MPs) request policy evaluations and use the resultant findings to inform law-making and hold the government to account. Since most elected representatives have developed strong ties to interest groups, one might wonder whether these privileged relationships influence MPs’ parliamentary behavior. This study investigates how MPs’ affiliations to groups affect their demand for policy evaluations. Empirical evidence shows that, regardless of respective party or individual characteristics, MPs are more likely to request evaluations in those policy domains where they have a group affiliation. This effect holds even when controlling for a classical measure of MP's policy specialization, such as legislative committee membership. These findings suggest that ties between MPs and specific types of interest group should be considered when explaining parliamentary behavior across different policy domains.

Point for practitioners

To influence the policymaking process, interest groups participate in consultation procedures and parliamentary hearings, they lobby elected officials and deliver policy expertise to decision-makers. These advocacy strategies are well studied. This article innovates by showing that, in addition, interest groups foster the development of policy evaluations. MPs affiliated to an interest group active on a specific issue are likely to request policy evaluations in that policy domain. Interest groups strengthen the parliamentary demand for evaluation studies and, thus, may potentially contribute to the accountability of government and public administration.