bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology study of the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Zhujing pill and its main component oleanolic acid against diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Cui Jialin , Shi Enze , Wang Yingjie , Liu Tiantian
Published: January 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working population worldwide, with few effective drugs available for its treatment in the early stages. The Zhujing pill (ZJP) is well-established to enhance the early symptoms of DR, but the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect remains unclear. In the present study, we used systems biology and multidirectional pharmacology to screen the main active ingredients of ZJP and retrieved DrugBank and Genecards databases to obtain ‘drug-disease’ common targets. Using bioinformatics analysis, we obtained the core targets, and potential mechanisms of action of ZJP and its main components for the treatment of DR. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding sites and the binding affinity of the main active ingredients to the core targets. The predicted mechanism was verified in animal experiments. We found that the main active ingredient of ZJP was oleanolic acid, and 63 common ‘drug-disease’ targets were identified. Topological analysis and cluster analysis based on the protein–protein interaction network of the Metascape database screened the core targets as PRKCA, etc. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that these core targets were significantly enriched in the pro-angiogenic pathway of the VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance revealed that ZJP and its main active component, oleanolic acid had the highest binding affinity with PKC-α, the core target of the VEGF signaling pathway. Animal experiments validated that ZJP and oleanolic acid could improve DR.
Nutritional strategies for intervention of diabetes and improvement of β-cell function
Authors: Wei Siying , Li Chenchen , Wang Zinan , Chen Yan
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus, especially Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is caused by multiple factors including genetics, diets, and lifestyles. Diabetes is a chronic condition and is among the top 10 causes of death globally. Nutritional intervention is one of the most important and effective strategies for T2D management. It is well known that most of intervention strategies can lower blood glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, the regulation of pancreatic β cells by dietary intervention is not well characterized. In this review, we summarized some of the commonly used nutritional methods for diabetes intervention. We then discussed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of nutritional intervention in improving the cell mass and function of pancreatic islet β cells. With emerging intervention strategies and in-depth investigation, we are expecting to have a better understanding about the effectiveness of dietary interventions in ameliorating T2D in the future.
Indexing Cognitive Resource Usage for Acquisition of Initial Voice Therapy Targets
Authors: Vinney Lisa A. , Tripp Raquel , Shelly Sandeep , Gillespie Amanda
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to index cognitive resource usage for acquisition of initial targets of two common voice therapy techniques (resonant voice therapy [RVT] and conversation training therapy [CTT]) based on the theorized depletion effect (i.e., when an initial task requiring high cognitive load leads to poorer performance on a subsequent task).

Method:

Eleven vocally healthy participants, ages 23–41 years, read aloud the Rainbow Passage and produced consonant–vowel resonant targets (/mi, ma, mu/) followed by a baseline computerized Stroop task and a 15-min washout. Following this baseline period, participants watched and interacted with two videos instructing them in RVT or CTT initial targets. After viewing each video and practicing the associated vocal skills, participants rated the degree of mental effort required to engage in the target vocal technique on a modified Borg scale. Participants recorded their attempts at RVT on /mi, ma, mu/ and CTT on the Rainbow Passage, which were later rated by three voice-specialized speech-language pathologists as to how representative they were of each respective target technique. Changes in fundamental frequency and average auditory-perceptual ratings from baseline were examined to determine if participants adjusted their technique from RVT and CTT baseline to acquisition.

Results:

Performance on the Stroop task was, on average, worse post CTT than post RVT, but both post-CTT and post-RVT Stroop scores were poorer than baseline. These results suggest that both treatment techniques taxed cognitive resources but that CTT was more cognitively taxing than RVT. However, despite differences in raw averages, no statistically significant differences were found between the baseline, post-CTT, and post-RVT Stroop scores, likely due to the small sample size. Participant ratings of mental effort for CTT and RVT were statistically similar. Likewise, poorer post-RVT Stroop scores were associated with participants' greater perceived mental effort with RVT acquisition, but there was no significant association between mental effort ratings for CTT acquisition and post-CTT Stroop scores. Significantly higher fundamental frequency and perceived ratings of the accuracy of technique from baseline to acquisition for both CTT and RVT were found, providing evidence of vocal behavior changes as a result of each technique.

Conclusions:

Brief exposure to initial treatment tasks in CTT is more cognitively depleting than initial RVT tasks. Results also indicate that vocally healthy participants are able to make a voice change in response to a brief therapy prompt. Finally, participant-rated measures of mental effort and secondary measures of cognitive depletion do not always correlate.
Effect of Capsaicin Atomization on Cough and Swallowing Function in Patients With Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chao Wu , You-qin Mao , Hong Chen , Hai-ying Zhang , Yang-Li  , Su-xue Jiang , Lan Xu , Zhong Wang
Published: January 2023

Background:

Patients with hemorrhagic stroke have high mortality and disability rates. Nevertheless, early rehabilitation interventions can improve their outcomes. We aimed to apply capsaicin atomization as early intervention to patients with hemorrhagic stroke and explore improvements in cough and swallowing functions.

Method:

Patients with hemorrhagic stroke were randomly divided into the control group, which received routine care, and the intervention group, which underwent the capsaicin solution nebulization scheme in addition to routine care. Differences in the presence/absence of cough reflex and number of coughs in response to capsaicin, the presence/absence of swallowing reflex in response to water, the presence/absence of postswallow residue, substance P (SP) concentration, and pulmonary inflammation between the two groups were determined before and after the intervention.

Results:

A total of 53 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were included. Results showed no statistically significant difference in cough reflex in both groups after the intervention (
p
> .05). The degree of cough in the intervention group was stronger than that in the control group (
p
= .046). No statistically significant difference was observed in the number of patients with swallowing reflex in response to water between the groups (
p
> .05). The presence/absence of postswallow residue of the intervention group was stronger than that of the control group (
p
= .032). No statistically significant difference was observed between the Glasgow Coma Scale scores of the groups after the intervention (
p
> .05). SP in the intervention group was significantly increased (
p
= .031). The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was significantly lower in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (
p
= .028).

Conclusions:

Capsaicin nebulization can help enhance the number of coughs in response to capsaicin, reduce postswallow residue, and increase the level of SP in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and has a positive effect on pulmonary inflammation. This study provides intervention points for cough and swallowing rehabilitation after a hemorrhagic stroke.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21956903
Predicting Children's Long-Term Knowledge of Taught Words and Transfer Words After a Morphological Vocabulary Intervention
Authors: Gellert Anna S.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

The first purpose of this study was to investigate how children's knowledge of taught words and transfer words assessed 10 months after a morphological vocabulary intervention can be predicted by means of language measures taken before the intervention. The second purpose was to investigate whether and how immediate post-intervention measures can contribute to the prediction after pre-intervention measures are accounted for.

Method:

A secondary analysis of data from 87 participants in a trial of short- and long-term effects of a morphological vocabulary intervention for fifth-grade students with limited vocabulary was conducted. Students' knowledge of morphologically transparent taught words and transfer words was examined 10 months after the intervention. Pre-intervention and immediate post-intervention measures of general vocabulary, knowledge of morphologically transparent words, morphological analysis of pseudowords, and meta-morphological knowledge were evaluated as predictors.

Results:

By means of pre-intervention measures only, about 40% of the overall variance in students' knowledge of morphologically transparent words assessed at follow-up could be predicted. A good early classification of students with later relatively good or poor word knowledge could be obtained, especially for knowledge of transfer words. Furthermore, immediate post-intervention measures were found to add substantially to the prediction of overall variance in students' knowledge of morphologically transparent words at follow-up and to the correct early classification beyond the contribution from pre-intervention measures. In particular, pre- and post-intervention measures of knowledge of morphologically transparent words and morphological analysis of pseudowords in combination yielded a good classification of students with later relatively good or poor knowledge of transfer words.

Conclusion:

A good level of prediction of students' knowledge of morphologically transparent taught words and transfer words 10 months after a morphological vocabulary intervention can be provided by means of a combination of a few pre- and post-intervention measures of knowledge of morphologically transparent words and morphological analysis of pseudowords.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Stress and Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Survey at the Height of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marante Leesa , Hall-Mills Shannon , Farquharson Kelly
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Low retention of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is a growing problem that can have drastic consequences at the school and student levels. Factors contributing to this shortage include features of the work environment, role ambiguity, low salaries, and a demanding workload with higher caseloads, which can result in limited time for paperwork and lesson planning for optimal service delivery models. The purpose of this study was to determine the current levels and predictors of occupational stress and burnout SLPs are experiencing in the school setting.

Method:

Using a cross-sectional survey design, 453 school-based SLPs from across the United States reported their workload manageability, career intentions, access to social support, and their stress and burnout levels. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relation between the variables of interest and the occupational stress and burnout scores. Data were collected in September to December of 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

SLPs, on average, reported overall stress levels in the somewhat noticeable range, moderate access to social support, high levels of emotional exhaustion, low-to-moderate feelings of depersonalization, and moderate-to-high feelings of personal accomplishments. Based on a standardized burnout scale, SLPs in this sample are characterized as feeling ineffective and overextended. Results of linear regression models suggest that the perception of work manageability was the best predictor of Total Stress score, Emotional Exhaustion score, and Depersonalization score, in this sample.

Conclusions:

Data from this study offer the beginning steps to making an informed change for school-based SLPs' workplaces. Results indicated that SLPs in the school setting are feeling ineffective and overextended. The perception of their workload manageability was the most significant predictor for their reported stress and burnout levels. Suggestions for SLP supervisors, administrators, and other stakeholders are discussed.
Dual‐attention global domain adaptation for mariculture image enhancement
Authors: Li Fei , Cen Chaojun , Zhang Xinxin , Li Zhenbo
Published: January 2023

Mariculture image enhancement aims to recover degraded images and meet the requirements of various digital aquaculture systems. However, the existing underwater image enhancement (UIE) cannot suit diverse marine scenarios and leads to sub‐optimal results for the real mariculture images. To solve the aforementioned issues, a novel dual‐attention global domain‐adaptive mariculture image enhancement network (DAMIE) is proposed to improve the quality of degraded images. Specifically, the proposed method consists of two core parts: (1) an innovative depth transfer dual‐attention module to aggregate multiple features and bridge the difference between domains; (2) a modified encoder–decoder enhancement network with a global feature vector to reconstruct clean mariculture images. Meanwhile, a semi‐supervised adaptive training scheme is utilized to improve the model generalization in different mariculture domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed DAMIE can achieve a good performance in terms of quantitative and qualitative metrics. In addition, an ablation study is conducted to analyse the contribution of the key components in the proposed model.
Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion
Authors: Johansen Anders , Ronnet Thomas , Schiller Martin , Deng Zhengbin , Bizzarro Martin
Published: January 2023

We explore the heating and differentiation of rocky planets that grow by rapid pebble accretion. Our terrestrial planets grow outside of the ice line and initially accrete 28% water ice by mass. The accretion of water stops after the protoplanet reaches a mass of 0.01MEwhere the gas envelope becomes hot enough to sublimate the ice and transport the vapour back to the protoplanetary disc by recycling flows. The energy released by the decay of26Al melts the accreted ice to form clay (phyllosilicates), oxidized iron (FeO), and a water surface layer with ten times the mass of Earth’s modern oceans. The ocean–atmosphere system undergoes a run-away greenhouse effect after the effective accretion temperature crosses a threshold of around 300 K. The run-away greenhouse process vaporizes the water layer, thereby trapping the accretion heat and heating the surface to more than 6000 K. This causes the upper part of the mantle to melt and form a global magma ocean. Metal melt separates from silicate melt and sediments towards the bottom of the magma ocean; the gravitational energy released by the sedimentation leads to positive feedback where the beginning differentiation of the planet causes the whole mantle to melt and differentiate. All rocky planets thus naturally experience a magma ocean stage. We demonstrate that Earth’s small excess of182W (the decay product of182Hf) relative to the chondrites is consistent with such rapid core formation within 5 Myr followed by equilibration of the W reservoir in Earth’s mantle with182W-poor material from the core of a planetary-mass impactor, provided that the equilibration degree is at least 25–50%, depending on the initial Hf/W ratio. The planetary collision must have occurred at least 35 Myr after the main accretion phase of the terrestrial planets.
Utilization of convolutional neural networks for H I source finding
Authors: Håkansson Henrik , Sjöberg Anders , Toribio Maria Carmen , Önnheim Magnus , Olberg Michael , Gustavsson Emil , Lindqvist Michael , Jirstrand Mats , Conway John
Published: January 2023

Context. The future deployment of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will lead to a massive influx of astronomical data and the automatic detection and characterization of sources will therefore prove crucial in utilizing its full potential.

Aims. We examine how existing astronomical knowledge and tools can be utilized in a machine learning-based pipeline to find 3D spectral line sources.

Methods. We present a source-finding pipeline designed to detect 21-cm emission from galaxies that provides the second-best submission of SKA Science Data Challenge 2. The first pipeline step was galaxy segmentation, which consisted of a convolutional neural network (CNN) that took an H I cube as input and output a binary mask to separate galaxy and background voxels. The CNN was trained to output a target mask algorithmically constructed from the underlying source catalog of the simulation. For each source in the catalog, its listed properties were used to mask the voxels in its neighborhood that capture plausible signal distributions of the galaxy. To make the training more efficient, regions containing galaxies were oversampled compared to the background regions. In the subsequent source characterization step, the final source catalog was generated by the merging and dilation modules of the existing source-finding software SOFIA, and some complementary calculations, with the CNN-generated mask as input. To cope with the large size of H I cubes while also allowing for deployment on various computational resources, the pipeline was implemented with flexible and configurable memory usage.

Results. We show that once the segmentation CNN has been trained, the performance can be fine-tuned by adjusting the parameters involved in producing the catalog from the mask. Using different sets of parameter values offers a trade-off between completeness and reliability.
Gaia-ESO survey: Massive stars in the Carina Nebula
Authors: Berlanas S. R. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Herrero A. , Mahy L. , Blomme R. , Negueruela I. , Dorda R. , Comerón F. , Gosset E. , Pantaleoni González M. , Molina Lera J. A. , Sota A. , Furst T. , Alfaro E. J. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Drew J. E. , Morbidelli L. , Vink J. S.
Published: January 2023

Context. The Carina Nebula is one of the major massive star-forming regions in the Galaxy. Its relatively nearby distance (2.35 kpc) makes it an ideal laboratory for the study of massive star formation, structure, and evolution, both for individual stars and stellar systems. Thanks to the high-quality spectra provided by the Gaia-ESO survey and the LiLiMaRlin library, as well as Gaia EDR3 astrometry, a detailed and homogeneous spectroscopic characterization of its massive stellar content can be carried out.

Aims. Our main objective is to spectroscopically characterize all massive members of the Carina Nebula in the Gaia-ESO survey footprint to provide an updated census of massive stars in the region and an updated estimate of the binary fraction of O stars.

Methods. We performed accurate spectral classification using an interactive code that compares spectra with spectral libraries of OB standard stars, as well as line-based classic methods. We calculated membership using our own algorithm based on Gaia EDR3 astrometry. To check the correlation between the spectroscopic n-qualifier and the rotational velocity, we used a semi-automated tool for the line-broadening characterization of OB stars based on a combined Fourier transform and goodness-of-fit methodology.

Results. The Gaia-ESO survey sample of massive OB stars in the Carina Nebula consists of 234 stars. The addition of brighter sources from the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey and additional sources from the literature allows us to create the most complete census of massive OB stars so far in the region. It contains a total of 316 stars, with 18 of them in the background and 4 in the foreground. Of the 294 stellar systems in Car OB1, 74 are of O type, 214 are of nonsupergiant B type, and 6 are of WR or nonO supergiant (II to Ia) spectral class. We identify 20 spectroscopic binary systems with an O-star primary, of which 6 are reported for the first time, and another 18 with a B-star primary, of which 13 are new detections. The average observed double-lined binary fraction of O-type stars in the surveyed region is 0.35, which represents a lower limit. We find a good correlation between the spectroscopic n-qualifier and the projected rotational velocity of the stars. The fraction of candidate runaways among the stars with and without the n-qualifier is 4.4% and 2.4%, respectively, although nonresolved double-lined binaries could be contaminating the sample of fast rotators.
Specifics of Railway Development in Russia
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Smolokurov Evgeniy , Tarikov Vladimir , Krovsh Sergei
Published: January 2023

The state of rail transport in Russia today cannot be commended, considering that the leading countries in the industry are sometimes several times more efficient than Russia. A number of current problems, such as the lack of high-speed railways, the underdeveloped rail network, the monopoly of one company and, consequently, the unreasonably high prices for transportation, need to be resolved as soon as possible. Improvements in this area will help railways to be competitive among other transport: today, transportation by rail is slower than it could be and more expensive. Solutions need to be found that will soon solve the existing range of problems and also allow the railway industry to continue making a major contribution to the country's economy. Russia is a potentially game-changing country in this industry: it has a huge area, which means there should be no problems in accommodating the HSL. Besides, the country has good engineers trained in this field, and the investments made into changing the railroad sector would allow the country to develop at a pace similar to that of China, for instance.
Status and Trends in Small Aviation Development using Examples from Russia and the USA
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Smyaglikova Elena , Smolokurov Evgeniy , Mazhazhikhov Alim
Published: January 2023

The article examines and describes in detail the sphere of small aircraft. It differs from other types of aviation in that it includes relatively small aircraft: planes with a takeoff weight of up to 8600 kg of power, with a capacity of up to 19 passengers; helicopters with a takeoff weight of up to 4500 kg of power; drones with a takeoff weight of up to 8600 kg. During Soviet times, the sector was rapidly developing, and vessels were used for passenger transportation, medical purposes, forest protection, aerial patrolling of certain areas, reconnaissance, mail transportation, firefighting, and other purposes. The study summarizes the indicators characterizing the state of small aircraft in Russia and the United States, and a comparative analysis of the dynamics of small aircraft development of these two countries is made. The numerical indicators characterizing the number of small aircraft, pilots and airfields are considered. It is proved that the sphere of small aviation in Russia is in decline at the moment; concrete examples such as low level of pilots training, insufficient number of aircraft, runways, and others are considered. Possible prospects for the development of this sphere are identified and ways of solving the existing problems are proposed.
Analysis of the current state and prospects for public electric transport development in Russia (on the example of electric buses)
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Smolokurov Evgeniy , Mazhazhikhov Alim , Tsukanova Elena
Published: January 2023

The article considers current problems and prospects of public electric transport development in the aspect of electric buses. Modern realities dictate new trends in transport infrastructure, namely the replacement of the usual buses with internal combustion engines that use combustible fuel with a more profitable mode of transport powered by an environmentally friendly and renewable resource, electricity. Such vehicles are electric buses, which are rapidly becoming a part of passengers’ lives. This fuel-free transport enables large numbers of people to travel quietly in megacities, while minimising pollution. The rapid introduction of electric buses around the world is making it possible to replace aging buses with internal combustion engines and clean up the environment with electric motors, but this cannot be done quickly due to the high cost and poor infrastructure in many cities around the world. Factors limiting the development of electric buses are identified, and possible solutions are described. Government investments and projects provide an economic solution to the problem. An analysis of the public electric transport market is carried out and prospects for the development of electric buses in Russia are formulated. Widespread introduction of electric buses in megacities will significantly reduce environmental costs for the population.
Role and place of geographic knowledge as a component of tourism education
Authors: Kazmina Lyudmila , Shevchenko Elena , Momzhieva Anastasia
Published: January 2023

The present article is concerned with a role and place of geographic knowledge in training of specialists in the specializations of Service, Tourism, Hotel Business in the Don State Technical University. Analysis of geographic disciplines, their interrelation and mastery sequence is performed. It was found that the most effective sequence is from fundamental and conceptual to principal and highly specialized ones. Opinions of students in various courses, as well as of employers on the importance of geographic knowledge in tourism education are studied. Upward trends of the role of geographic knowledge in tourism education are explored. Curricula for training of specialists are analyzed with respect to the quantity of geographic disciplines and hours devoted to their learning in in absolute terms and as a percentage. A tend to decrease the study time devoted to geographic disciplines is defined that may cast a pall on the quality of training specialists. Problems of grasping geographic knowledge and mastering the corresponding skills are identified. The present paper examines the best possible modes of study for students of the sphere of service, tourism, and hospitality industry. Evidence of importance of students’ involvement into scientific workflows is provided. Special attention is paid to importance of internship in training of future specialists. Ways to enhance efficiency of tourism education through optimization of methods to learn disciplines in the sphere of geographic knowledge.
China’s public transport in its present and future
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Smolokurov Evgeniy , Smolina Olga
Published: January 2023

The People’s Republic of China is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory, behind Russia and Canada, and the first in terms of population. China is a dynamically developing country, and its economy is growing at an annual rate. Public transport is crucial to the development of China’s economy, and especially railways. It is noted that the railways in China are one of the main components of the country’s economy. Statistical data on the public transport system in China are analyzed in this article. It considers types of public transport and reveals their crucial role in the economic and social life of the country. It analyses the dynamics of population growth in the country and development needs of passenger transport. The ways and means of modernizing existing transport structures and the rate of construction of new ones are considered. A comparative study of the length and density of roads and railways of two countries is made, the Russian Federation and China. The prospects for the development of public transport in the PRC are considered, and the main aspects of the government’s plans up to 2035, including the introduction of the latest technical and logistical developments in the field of public transport, are studied.
Influence of the Southern area of the Ust-Luga commercial sea port on the channel regime of the Khabolovka river
Authors: Belyakov Pakhom , Konopatsky Sergey , Rzhakovskaya Polina
Published: January 2023

The problem investigated in the framework of this work is devoted to the study of changes in the hydrological and channel regimes of the estuary region after the construction of the Southern Port area. The object of the study is the Khabolovka River, which flows into the Luga Bay. Based on the materials of channel surveys, the article gives a modern assessment of the general condition of the channel, presents data on manmade changes in the hydromorphological structure. After the conducted research, it was determined which consequences affecting the hydromorphological appearance of the considered section of the river have now occurred from the influence of various factors. Taking into account the performed and studied in detail analysis of riverbed transformations on the river section, it is possible to formulate the main conclusions and recommendations. As a result, a forecast of the further course and changes of the estuary area of the river is given if the necessary measures to protect against wind-wave influence are not carried out.
Investigating the relationship between interannual closeness of ice coating and ice thickness in the Chukchi sea and water level variations
Authors: Kholoptsev Aleksandr , Podporin Sergey , Ol’khovik Yevgeny
Published: January 2023

The hypothesis is tested that there is a significant relationship between changes in water surface level in some areas of the Chukchi Sea and variations in average ice cover thickness and cohesion in them, which can be used to refine short- and long-term forecasts of ice conditions. The results of the GLORYS12v1 global reanalysis and standard methods of mathematical statistics were used for verification. Changes in average ice cohesion were found to be correlated with changes in sea level in some areas from November to June. The correlation between sea level and average ice thickness is traceable only in December. The areas where this correlation is found include numerous sections of the coastal routes of the Northern Sea Route. It is noted that making medium- and long-term forecasts of the development of ice conditions in these areas can be significantly improved by taking into account the current changes in sea level. The identified regularities are important for ensuring safe and sustainable navigation along the Northern Sea Route during the internavigation period for independent navigation of vessels with high ice class and during the winter period when escorted by nuclear-powered icebreakers.
Model of the cavitation wear resistance of metal powder filled epoxy composites
Authors: Fiaktistov Yaroslav , Tsvetkov Yuri , Zaytseva Natalia
Published: January 2023

A powder-filled epoxy compound was tested for cavitation wear in the form of bronze particles BraZHNMc9-4-4-1. The particles were obtained by sawing a bronze bar. The composition of the compound was as follows: 100 parts of resin K-153 and 12 parts of hardener (polyethylene polyamine). The specimens were shaped as cylinders, 15.5 and 15 mm in diameter and height, respectively. The tests were carried out with an ultrasonic magnetostrictive vibrator in fresh water at water temperature 20 ± 3 ° C. The frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the vibrator hub end were approximately 22 kHz and 28 μm, respectively. The distance between the end of the concentrator and the end of the specimen wear was set to 0.5 mm. A second-order model describing the cavitation wear as a function of the bronze particle size, its content in the composite and the specific surface area of the particles was constructed by the least-squares method. The cavitation wear of the composite increases with increasing values of these parameters. The greatest influence on composite cavitation wear has the total surface area of bronze microparticles in volume unit.
Study of structural imbalances in agricultural engineering
Authors: Abuselidze George , Kotliarov Valerii , Petrychuk Svitlana , Danylevska-Zhugunisova Olga , Mohylevska Olga
Published: January 2023

The authors emphasized that the development of the agricultural machinery industry is inextricably linked with the development of agricultural production, and consequently, changes in land use forms and the development of agricultural science, which, in turn, are conditioned by the current socio-political conditions and progress in the field of agricultural knowledge. It is proved that the impetus for the development of domestic agricultural machinery is the agricultural holdings. The authors focused on the fact that state support and regulation of the agricultural machinery market was proposed by stimulating the renewal of the technical park through the improvement of financial leasing, the reduction in the cost of medium- and long-term loans, and the improvement of the procedures for putting equipment into operation. It is noted that in order to preserve the process of updating the machine and tractor fleet and high-tech equipment in agriculture, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of state programs to support domestic agricultural enterprises, which will allow the restoration of their financial viability, and this in turn will serve as an impetus to the development of the market of agricultural machinery due to the growing demand for technical means.
The spatial dimension in the development of transport infrastructure in Russian regions
Authors: Kurnikova Marina , Timofeev Alexandr
Published: January 2023

The development of transport infrastructure is a key factor for the economic growth of the whole country and its individual territories. The objectives for the development of transport infrastructure in the regions are determined by the importance of the indicators that have been achieved and are planned, which reflect the transport availability and accessibility of the country’s territories. This article focuses on the development of methodological approaches to assessing the transport availability and accessibility of the territory of the Russian Federation from the perspective of its constituent entities and federal districts based on non-linear coefficients. The authors explain the results of the calculations of the regional dimension in the development of transport infrastructure in Russia based on the Engel and Holz coefficients. The results of the study can be used in further econometric assessments of the influence of various factors on the overall socio-economic development of the regions.
Optimization of granulometric composition of railway routes ballast layer
Authors: Bormotov Alexei
Published: January 2023

The paper demonstrates the contribution of the type and particle size distribution of ballast materials to the result of obtaining the required performance indicators of the ballast layer of the railway embankment. The criteria influencing the quality of crushed stone and its functional affiliation are investigated. The necessary and sufficient criteria for the formation of the optimal granulometric composition of functionally selected ballast materials are established, which make it possible to obtain embankments with specified parameters of structure and properties. The proposed methods were tested in the development of a practical technology for obtaining embankments with specified operational properties based on the optimal granulometric composition of various fractions of polymineral waste after glass chemical polishing.
Optimization of the amount of transmitted data in parallel algorithms for iterative methods with a triangular preconditioner
Authors: Atayan Asya , Rakhimbaeva Elena , Chistyakov Alexander
Published: January 2023

Software has been developed in the C++ programming language using the MPI parallel programming technology, designed for mathematical modeling of the transport of substances in coastal systems. When calculating the dynamics of the spread of a pollutant, the decomposition of the computational domain was carried out to organize the computational process on a multiprocessor computer system K-60 in KIAM RAS. To solve the system of grid equations obtained as a result of the approximation of the problem, iterative methods were used, with a triangular preconditioner.
Development of algorithms for detecting, estimating the power of pollutant sources and controlling them
Authors: Belova Yulia , Nikitina Alla , Kuznetsova Inna
Published: January 2023

The paper presents an approach to the implementation of the model of eutrophication of the Sea of Azov waters using variational methods for assimilation of data obtained during expeditionary studies. The current fields are calculated on the basis of a mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of shallow water bodies, which includes the equation of motion (the Navier-Stokes equation) and the continuity equation. The developed software package uses the materials of expeditionary work and allows you to refine the model of pollution of the aquatic environment and biota through the use of variational methods of data assimilation. Based on the developed software package, a forecast of water pollution with harmful substances is given, which in turn leads to the development of harmful diatoms and toxic blue-green algae.
Development of a specialized software complex for modeling the biogeochemical cycles in the Azov sea, including calculation modules of transformation of phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur and dissolved oxygen forms, as well as the dynamics of phyto-and zooplatonkton
Authors: Nikitina Alla , Filinа Alyona , Litvinov Vladimir , Atayan Asya
Published: January 2023

The paper is devoted to the development of a software complex for predictive modeling of biogeochemical cycles in the Azov Sea on high-performance computer systems in a limited time. The complex development includes the creation of software modules of the computational structure to calculate the concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, dissolved oxygen forms and describe in detail phyto- and zooplankton dynamics in the Azov Sea; the integration of various environmental databases, satellite monitoring. The complex is adapted to solve a wide class of predictive problems of water ecology and water resources management. It includes the implementation of developed 3D mathematical model of hydrophysics and biological kinetics on computational grids, consistent with the complex shape of the water coastline. Parallel algorithms have been developed for numerical implementation of water ecology problems, oriented to high-performance computer systems. To increase the calculation efficiency of computational grid fragments assigned to graphics accelerators, an algorithm and its software implementation were developed in the CUDA C language. Based on the developed specialized software tools focused on supercomputers, scenarios for the development of the environmental situation and sustainable development management at biological rehabilitation of the Azov Sea were developed, including forecasts of changes in harmful algae concentration; dynamics of spatial interaction processes between phyto- and zooplankton populations; evolution of biological kinetics processes on the example of plankton interaction.
Visual systematization in tech diffusion management
Authors: Bilenko Pavel , Trubashevsky Dmitry , Artamonova Iuliia
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is to structure additive technology aids of visual systematization, to determine the impact of visual systematization on innovation diffusion management. The authors deals with scenarios for managing the technologies diffusion in enterprises of various industries, including the construction industry, using a system and an additive technologies matrix that allow for the optimal choice of technology in existing production conditions. The main advantages provided by the use of additive technologies in industrial production are determined. The system and matrix of additive technologies developed by the authors make it possible to obtain a comprehensive view of existing additive technologies and evaluate their applicability for obtaining business effects. The types of business effects that company managers can get when using matrices are systematized. The use of visual systematization tools allows companies and their managers to improve the labor productivity, increase the company's production potential, and ensure economic.
Cognitive features and strategies for the meaning transfer of students in the process of online learning
Authors: Suroedova Elena
Published: January 2023

Solving the problem of finding new technologies and ways of teaching in the education system today has become a global topic. Undoubtedly, young people quickly adapted to the new conditions of learning through Internet technologies. However, it should be taken into account that some psychological qualities of students influence their preference for forms of learning: direct "live" communication and interaction in the "educator-student" system, or online learning. The study involved students of 1-2 years of study of bachelor's degree in technical and humanitarian areas. A total of 103 students participated, including 49 girls and 54 boys aged 18 to 24 (average age is 18.7). Methods used: survey - Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, CFI (CFI-R) (Dennis J.P., Vander Wal J.S. adapted by Kurginyan S.S., Osavolyuk E.Yu.), Questionnaire by S. Epstein “Rationality-Experience” (adapted on the Russian sample by T. V. Kornilova, A. Yu. Razvalyaeva), Analyticity-holisticity scale (Apanovich VV, Znakova VV, Alexandrov Yu.I.), Questionnaire “Meaning transfer strategies” (Suroedova E.A.), Questionnaire that made it possible to collect data on respondents; statistical methods.The study established differences in cognitive styles, ways of comprehending cognitive and social situations, cognitive flexibility and strategies for meaning transfer between groups of students with different preferences for the learning format. Research perspectives are aimed at studying shifts in the development of cognitive features and strategies for meaning transfer in the process of online learning.
Paralinguistic features and stylistic techniques of advertising communication
Authors: Radchenko G. , Likhushina M.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to study the theoretical provisions of pragmalinguistics regarding advertising texts, to describe their paralinguistic features and stylistic techniques in advertising communication. The objectives of the study are: to analyze domestic and foreign theoretical and practical scientific research in the field of pragmalinguistics of advertising discourse and advertising texts; to identify and describe the main theoretical positions of approaches and technologies in advertising communication; present and study classifications of types of English- language advertising slogans based on structural, stylistic, semantic and functional characteristics. The research methodology is based on methods of theoretical and empirical levels were used to solve research tasks to achieve the goal. As a result of the conducted research, the two main strategies that advertising uses to convince the target audience to buy certain goods or services: psychodynamic and socio-cultural. In the socio-cultural strategy, it is obvious that the culture within which an individual makes decisions about actions is of great importance for the formation of his behavior, since the advertising slogan interacts with cultural requirements. Advertising slogans are designed to reflect the culture and appeal to the feelings of people in a given society.
Application of ESG certification in city farming construction and green transport infrastructure
Authors: Shushunova Natalia , Lisienkova Liubov , Titova Janna , Rekus Irina
Published: January 2023

Today, the problem of environmental degradation is acute for all mankind. More and more global companies are taking a course towards responsible and environmentally friendly production. According to experts, in the near future, corporations that ignore the principles of environmental conservation may lose investments from large funds. The concept of sustainable development, assessment of risks and opportunities related to climate change, respect for human rights and solving problems of society and local communities has become a global trend and will determine the economic and financial agenda in the near future. The article is devoted to the consideration of the importance and implementation of a new organization of farming and the city farming construction on the buildings with as an object of ESG certification and green transport infrastructure. The practice of using trusses on the roofs of buildings and transport objects for various purposes is revealed. A rational approach to the assessment and certification of such objects is substantiated.
Teaching earth science students to recognize communicative intent in media headlines: clickbait phenomenon
Authors: Privalova Yulia , Manoylo Anastasia , Yakovlev Alexey , Ovcharenko Victoria , Erben David
Published: January 2023

This paper examines ways of teaching Earth science students techniques to recognize manipulative clickbait in the online versions of American newspapers. The study presents an analysis of headlines in the online versions of the newspaper aiming to determine the specificities of the use of clickbait and to further classify the techniques through which it is employed. The analyzed data was collected from the Sports and Business sections of the 2021 online issues of the New York Times and the Washington Post. The frequency of clickbait use was found in each of the newspapers in general and in each of the studies section in particular. The analysis resulted in the classification of the techniques of achieving the clickbait effect. The individual characteristics of the journalists’ styles of the newspapers under study was further investigated. The quantitative analysis revealed varying amounts of clickbait in the headlines of the online newspapers.
Modern technologies for the formation of legal literacy of preschoolers as the basis for the sustainable development of the education system
Authors: Masesjans Elena , Tatarintseva Nina , Berdnikova Natalia
Published: January 2023

The article deals with theoretical ideas about legal literacy and legal culture of preschoolers as the basis for sustainable development of the education system. The essential characteristics of the concept "legal literacy for senior preschool children" at the initial stages of personality formation as a combination of the following components have been determined: children's ideas about rights and obligations, values of morality and law, assessment of their own actions and behavior of other people from the point of view of the rule of law. The author's technology for the formation of legal literacy in senior preschool age is described (a cycle of educational events, joint activities of teachers and children, free activities of children, etc.). In the course of the experiment, methodological support was developed for the process of forming the foundations of legal literacy in children of senior preschool age: “a piggy bank of legal stories”, scenarios for ethical conversations, discussions, travel games; projects aimed at studying family traditions, holidays, rules of conduct, ensuring rights and freedoms in families of preschoolers: traditions of grandparents, work plan of the young parents club; requirements for the organization of a developing object-spatial environment.