bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Pemerintah Desa dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Usaha Air Minum Bali (Banyu Mili) Desa Paringan
Authors: Syahida Nafilah Amalia , Triono Bambang , Dj Ekapti Wahjuni , Kusuma Dewi Dian Suluh
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya pemerintah desa dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui usaha air minuman BALI. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian diskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Paringan Kecamatan Jenangan Kabupaten Ponorogo karena, Desa Paringan ini merupakan salah desa di Kecamatan Jenangan yang memiliki Usaha Air Minum yang bernama BALI yang berdiri sejak tahun 2021 dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang sejak dulu sudah ada, Pembangunan usaha Air minum tersebut merupakan sebuah Upaya Pemerintah Desa dalam hal pemberdayaan masyakarat desa dibuktikan dengan dipekerjakannya warga Paringan sebagai karyawan pengelola Perusahaan Air Minum BALI, adanya warga Paringan yang menjadi agen penjual air minum BALI dan juga menghasilkan pendapatan desa.Oleh karena itu Upaya Pemerintah desa dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui usaha air minum BALI menarik untuk diteliti. Dari hasil penelitian di lapangan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah Desa Paringan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui usaha air minum BALI disini adalah dengan memberikan dukungan terhadap program yang sudah didirikan oleh BumDes serta memberikan modal penyertaan untuk mendukung berjalannya pembangunan usaha air minum BALI.
Pemberdayaan Petani Pala dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Hasil Tanaman Pala di Distrik Pariwari Kabupaten Fakfak
Authors: Suaery Ichlazul Amal , Akbar Bayu
Published: January 2023

Kabupaten Fakfak merupakan salah satu penghasil buah pala terbesar di Papua Barat. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk menyusun laporan akhir ini dengan judul “Pemberdayaan Petani Pala Dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Hasil Tanaman Pala di Distrik Pariwari Kabupaten Fakfak Provinsi Papua Barat”. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pemberdayaan petani pala di Distrik Pariwari oleh Dinas Perkebunan dan juga untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat serta upaya Dinas Perkebunan dalam pemberdayaan petani pala di Distrik Pariwari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah metode Kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan pemberdayaan petani pala di Distrik Pariwari oleh Dinas Perkebunan Kabupaten Fakfak telah menjalankan tugasnya dalam memberdayakan masyarakat petani pala. Masyarakat petani pala di Distrik Pariwari merupakan contoh masyarakat petani pala yang telah diberdayakan.
Career and Calling Circles: Spaces of Belonging for First-Year Underrepresented Students
Authors: Riley Chris
Published: January 2023

This study describes first-year underrepresented college students' sense of belonging following participation in the initial cohort of All Rise, a Career and Calling Circle (CCC). While Restorative Practices, like the circle process, have emerged in response to addressing student disciplinary issues, little research exists regarding how these approaches could be applied to proactively contribute to a sense of belonging. Specifically, this emerging intervention leverages the career interests of underrepresented first-year students to create spaces that attempt to promote a sense of belonging. Understanding whether CCC contributed to the participants’ sense of belonging can assist career advisors and faculty in order to more fully support underrepresented students. Interview data revealed themes related not only to making their professional goals more tangible and increasing confidence to pursue those goals, but also providing a safe space to connect with others. This suggests that CCC positively influenced students' sense of belonging.
Two-dimensional-Ti3C2 magnetic nanocomposite for targeted cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Darroudi Mahdieh , Elnaz Nazari Seyedeh , Karimzadeh Maryam , Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Khalili-Tanha Nima , Asghari Seyyedeh Zahra , Ranjbari Sara , Babaei Fatemeh , Rezayi Majid , Khazaei Majid
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women, so novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the effectiveness of current therapies or extend their activity. In recent decades, graphene analogs, such as Mxene, an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) graphene analogs, have been drawing considerable attention based on their intrinsic physicochemical properties and performance as potential candidates for tumor therapy, particularly for therapeutic purposes. Here we explored the targeted drug delivery in cervical cancer in in vivo model. Mxene-based nanocarriers are not able to be precisely controlled in cancer treatment.

Method: To solve this problem, the titanium carbide-magnetic core-shell nanocarrier (Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA) is also developed to provide synergetic anticancer with magnetic controlling ability along with pH-responsive drug release. A xenograft model of the cervix was used to investigate the effects of Cisplatin alone, or in combination with Ti3C2@FA and Ti3C2@ Fe3O4@SiO2-FA, on tumor growth following histological staining for evaluation of necrosis.

Result and Discussion: A significant tumor-growth suppression effect is shown when the Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA nanocarrier is magnetically controlled Cisplatin drug release. It reveals a synergistic therapeutic efficacy used in conjunction with pharmaceuticals (p < .001). According to the in vivo study, the Ti3C2@FA@Cisplatin nanocomposite exhibits less tumor growth than the drug alone or Ti3C2@FA@Cisplatin via increasing necrosis effect (p < .001). Through this study, Mxene nanosheets are expanded for biomedical applications, not only through the fabrication of biocompatible magnetic Mxene nanocomposite but also through the development of functionalization strategies that enable the magnetic Ti3C2 nanocomposite to load high levels of Cisplatin for cervical cancer treatment (242.5%). Hence, Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA nanocarriers would be promising candidates to improve cancer treatment efficiency.
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) MHC I localizes to endolysosomal compartments independently of cytosolic sorting signals
Authors: Bjørnestad Synne Arstad , Solbakken Monica Hongrø , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Jentoft Sissel , Bakke Oddmund , Progida Cinzia
Published: January 2023

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II are crucial for the adaptive immune system because they are involved in peptide presentation to T cells. Until recently, it was believed that MHC genes and their associated immune components had been conserved since their evolutionary emergence in jawed fish. However, sequencing of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome revealed a loss of MHC class II genes, and an extreme expansion of MHC class I genes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that a loss of the MHC class II pathway coincided with a more versatile use of MHC class I, but so far there is no direct experimental evidence in support of this. To gain a deeper understanding of the function of the expanded MHC class I, we selected five MHC class I gene variants representing five of the six clades identified in previous studies and investigated their intracellular localization in human and Atlantic cod larval cells. Intriguingly, we uncovered that all selected MHC class I variants localize to endolysosomal compartments in Atlantic cod cells. Additionally, by introducing point mutations or deletions in the cytosolic tail, we found that hypothetical sorting signals in the MHC class I cytosolic tail do not influence MHC class I trafficking. Moreover, we demonstrated that in Atlantic cod, tapasin and MHC class I colocalize on endolysosomes suggesting that peptide-loading assistance and stabilization of MHC class I occurs outside the endoplasmic reticulum. Altogether, our results demonstrate that MHC class I from Atlantic cod is sorted to the endolysosomal system, which may indicate that it interacts with exogenous peptides for potential cross presentation.
The coexistence region in the Van der Waals fluid and the liquid-liquid phase transitions
Authors: Pham Dinh Quoc Huy , Chwastyk Mateusz , Cieplak Marek
Published: January 2023

Cellular membraneless organelles are thought to be droplets formed within the two-phase region corresponding to proteinaceous systems endowed with the liquid-liquid transition. However, their metastability requires an additional constraint—they arise in a certain region of density and temperature between the spinodal and binodal lines. Here, we consider the well-studied van der Waals fluid as a test model to work out criteria to determine the location of the spinodal line for situations in which the equation of state is not known. Our molecular dynamics studies indicate that this task can be accomplished by considering the specific heat, the surface tension and characteristics of the molecular clusters, such as the number of component chains and radius of gyration.
Catalytic deAMPylation in AMPylation-inhibitory/assistant forms of FICD protein
Authors: Liu Meili , Li Li , Wang Zhiqin , Wang Shuang , Tang Xiaowen
Published: January 2023

DeAMPylation, as a reversible reaction of AMPylation and mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme FICD (filamentation induced by cAMP domain protein, also known as HYPE), is an important process in protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Elucidating the function and catalytic details of FICD is of vital importance to provide a comprehensive understanding of protein folding homeostasis. However, the detailed deAMPylation mechanism is still unclear. Furthermore, the role of a conserved glutamine (Glu234), that plays an inhibitory role in the AMPylation response, is still an open question in the deAMPylation process. In the present work, the elaborated deAMPylation mechanisms with AMPylation-inhibitory/assistant forms of FICD (wild type and Glu234Ala mutant) were investigated based on the QM(DFT)/MM MD approach. The results revealed that deAMPylation was triggered by proton transfer from protonated histidine (His363) to AMPylated threonine, instead of a nucleophilic attack of water molecules adding to the phosphorus of AMP. The free energy barrier of deAMPylation in the wild type (∼17.3 kcal/mol) is consistent with that in the Glu234Ala mutant of FICD (∼17.1 kcal/mol), suggesting that the alteration of the Glu234 residue does not affect the deAMPylation reaction and indirectly verifying the inducement of deAMPylation in FICD. In the wild type, the proton in the nucleophilic water molecule is transferred to Glu234, whereas it is delivered to Asp367 through the hydrogen-bond network of coordinated water molecules in the Glu234Ala mutant. The present findings were inspirational for understanding the catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of FICD-mediated AMP transfer, paving the way for further studies on the physiological role of FICD protein.
Hierarchy of hybrid materials. Part-II: The place of organics-on-inorganics in it, their composition and applications
Authors: Song Junnan , Vikulina Anna S. , Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. , Skirtach Andre G.
Published: January 2023

Hybrid materials or hybrids incorporating organic and inorganic constituents are emerging as a very potent and promising class of materials due to the diverse but complementary nature of their properties. This complementarity leads to a perfect synergy of properties of the desired materials and products as well as to an extensive range of their application areas. Recently, we have overviewed and classified hybrid materials describing inorganics-in-organics in Part-I (Saveleva, et al., Front. Chem., 2019, 7, 179). Here, we extend that work in Part-II describing organics–on-inorganics, i.e., inorganic materials modified by organic moieties, their structure and functionalities. Inorganic constituents comprise of colloids/nanoparticles and flat surfaces/matrices comprise of metallic (noble metal, metal oxide, metal-organic framework, magnetic nanoparticles, alloy) and non-metallic (minerals, clays, carbons, and ceramics) materials; while organic additives can include molecules (polymers, fluorescence dyes, surfactants), biomolecules (proteins, carbohydtrates, antibodies and nucleic acids) and even higher-level organisms such as cells, bacteria, and microorganisms. Similarly to what was described in Part-I, we look at similar and dissimilar properties of organic-inorganic materials summarizing those bringing complementarity and composition. A broad range of applications of these hybrid materials is also presented whose development is spurred by engaging different scientific research communities.
Molecular characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolates from poultry in rural Ghana
Authors: Zautner Andreas E. , Riedel Thomas , Bunk Boyke , Spröer Cathrin , Boahen Kennedy G. , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Dreyer Annika , Färber Jacqueline , Kaasch Achim J. , Overmann Jörg , May Jürgen , Dekker Denise
Published: January 2023

In recent years, Arcobacter butzleri has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of Arcobacter remains rather speculative due to variable virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of individual strains. The aims of the present study were (i) to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant A. butzleri isolates, (ii) to use multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) to generate a guiding phylogeny of A. butzleri isolates collected in Kumasi, Ghana, (iii) to examine the distribution of ARGs in the test cohort, and (iv) to assess the strain’s virulence and possible antibiotic treatment options for arcobacteriosis based on the genome sequences and the ARG distribution. A total of 48 A. butzleri isolates obtained from poultry were included in the analysis. These isolates were genotyped by MLST and the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and erythromycin were tested by disk diffusion. Whole genome sequence data of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. butzleri isolates were obtained by a combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 14 ARGs were identified in the two generated genome sequences. For all 48 isolates, the frequency of these 14 ARGs was investigated by PCR or amplicon sequencing. With 44 different sequence types found among 48 isolates, strains were phylogenetically heterogeneous. Four of 48 isolates showed an ARG constellation indicating a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The virulence genes in the two A. butzleri genomes showed that the species might be characterized by a somewhat lower virulence as Campylobacter species. The phenotypic susceptibility data combined with the distribution of the particular ARGs especially oxa-464 and the T81I point mutation of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) in a significant percentage of isolates indicated that macrolides and tetracycline can be recommended for calculated antibiotic treatment of arcobacteriosis in Ghana, but not ampicillin and quinolones.
The roles and mechanisms of gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with cerebral infarction
Authors: Qian Wenjun , Wu Miao , Qian Tingting , Xie Chen , Gao Yaxin , Qian Surong
Published: January 2023

As the most common type of stroke, ischemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction (CI), with its high mortality and disability rate, has placed a huge burden on social economy and public health. Treatment methods for CI mainly include thrombectomy, thrombolysis, drug therapy, and so on. However, these treatments have certain timeliness and different side effects. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has become a hot topic, and its role in nervous system diseases has been confirmed by increasing evidences. The intestinal microbiota, as an important part of the gut-brain axis, has a non-negligible impact on the progression of CI through mechanisms such as inflammatory response and damage-associated molecular patterns, and changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota can also serve as the basis for predicting CI. At the same time, the diagnosis of CI requires more high-throughput techniques, and the analysis method of metabolomics just fits this demand. This paper reviewed the changes of intestinal microbiota in patients within CI and the effects of the intestinal microbiota on the course of CI, and summarized the therapeutic methods of the intervention with the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, metabolic changes of CI patients were also discussed to reveal the molecular characteristics of CI and to elucidate the potential pathologic pathway of its interference.
Case report: Right atrial appendage hybrid access to bailout a stuck stent from the inferior vena cava of a small child
Authors: Prakoso Radityo , Sembiring Aditya Agita , Hernisa Latifa , Mendel Brian , Lelya Olfi , Lilyasari Oktavia
Published: January 2023

A three-month-old baby boy (5. 4 Kg) with pulmonary atresia, subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was sent for ductal stenting from the femoral vein. The route to the PDA was extremely tortuous and the procedure was complicated with a stent stuck in the abdominal inferior vena cava (IVC). Transfemoral stent recapture was technically laborious and the stent was successfully recaptured across a 10-Fr right atrial appendage (RAA) hybrid access avoiding a cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). The PDA was subsequently stented for the femoral artery with satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Enhanced myocardial blood flow in ischemic cardiomyopathy by a slow-release synthetic prostacyclin agonist combined with coronary artery bypass grafting: The first human study in a Phase I/IIa clinical trial
Authors: Kawamura Takuji , Yoshioka Daisuke , Kawamura Masashi , Matsuura Ryohei , Kawamura Ai , Misumi Yusuke , Mikami Tsubasa , Sawa Yoshiki , Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: January 2023

Background

YS-1402, which is a polymerized form of the synthetic prostacyclin agonist ONO-1301, has been proven in several preclinical studies to induce therapeutic effects for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). In this human study, we assessed the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of YS-1402, combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), for ICM.

Methods

Twenty-four patients with ICM whose left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% with an indication for CABG were double-blindly assigned to four groups: placebo, 10-mg YS-1402, 30-mg YS-1402, and 100-mg YS-1402. YS-1402 or placebo medications were administered on the surface of the left ventricle at the time of the CABG. Pre- and postoperative cardiac function and myocardial blood flow were assessed for 6 months postoperatively, along with a safety assessment.

Results

No severe adverse events were related to YS-1402. The maximum blood concentration of ONO-1301 was less than that of the no observable adverse effect level. Significantly increased myocardial blood flow (MBF) and cardiac function were observed in the YS-1402 group 26 weeks postoperatively, although no improvement in MBF occurred in the placebo group.

Conclusion

This Phase I/IIa parallel group-controlled, dose-escalation study of YS-1402 combined with CABG for ICM demonstrated the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of YS-1402.
Effect of estimated plasma volume status and left atrial diameter on prognosis of patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Lin Guoli , Dai Caizhi , Xu Kaizu
Published: January 2023

Objective

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a frequent cardiovascular emergency presenting with high mortality as well as readmission rates. The aim was to investigate the predictive value of estimated plasma volume status (ePVs) and left atrial diameter (LAD) for the prognosis of patients with AHF.

Methods

Clinical profiles were collected from 259 cases of AHF patients at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University between September 2019 and October 2021.

Results

Six patients lost follow-up, resulting in 253 patients enrolled. Cardiogenic death and heart failure readmission during follow-up were defined as major cardiovascular events (MACE) group, other patients were defined as Non-MACE group. Apart from age, no significant differences were found between the two groups in demographics and comorbidities. The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant in terms of ePVs, LAD, and N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-pro-BNP). On binary logistic regression analysis, ePVs (OR = 2.061, 95% CI 1.322∼3.214, P = 0.001), LAD (OR = 1.054, 95% CI 1.012∼1.098, P = 0.011), and Nt-pro-bnp (OR = 1.006, 95% CI 1.003∼1.010, P = 0.036) as predicting factors for MACE. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the risk for cardiogenic death increasing with ePVs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Estimated plasma volume status and LADs have some predictive value in assessing cardiogenic death and heart failure readmission in patients with AHF.
The effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl on apoB-48 in dyslipidemic patients treated with statin: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel group trial in Japan (PROUD48 study)
Authors: Takeda Yasutaka , Sakuma Ichiro , Hiramitsu Shinya , Okada Mizuho , Ueda Shinichiro , Sakurai Masaru
Published: January 2023

Background

We compared the lowering effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl on fasting apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (apoB-48), a marker that reflects postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, which is one of the residual risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with statin treatment.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel group trial was conducted at 4 medical institutions between April 2020 and May 2022. A total of 126 ambulatory patients with dyslipidemia receiving statin treatment for more than 4 weeks, aged 20–79 years with fasting triglyceride (TG) levels of ≥177 mg/dl were randomly assigned to 16-week pemafibrate 0.4 mg per day treatment group (PEMA, n = 63) or omega-3 fatty acid ethyl 4 g per day treatment group (OMEGA-3, n = 63). The primary endpoint was the percentage change in fasting apoB-48 from baseline to week 16.

Results

The percentage changes in fasting apoB-48 in PEMA and OMEGA-3 were −50.8% (interquartile range −62.9 to −30.3%) and −17.5% (−38.3 to 15.3%) (P < 0.001), respectively. As the secondary endpoints, the changes in fasting apoB-48 in PEMA and OMEGA-3 were −3.10 μg/ml (−5.63 to −1.87) and −0.90 μg/ml (−2.95 to 0.65) (P < 0.001), respectively. Greater decreases with significant differences in the percentage changes in TG, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, apoC-III, fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase were observed in PEMA, compared with OMEGA-3. Greater increases with significant differences in those in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apoA-I, and apoA-II were observed in PEMA, compared with OMEGA-3. PEMA showed anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein profiles in gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, compared with OMEGA-3. Although adverse events occurred in 9 of 63 (14.3%) patients in PEMA and 3 of 63 (4.8%) patients in OMEGA-3, no serious adverse events associated with drug were observed in either group.

Conclusions

This is the first randomized trial to compare the lowering effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl on fasting apoB-48. We concluded that pemafibrate was superior to omega-3 fatty acid ethyl in lowering effect of fasting apoB-48. Pemafibrate is expected to reduce the residual risk for ASCVD with statin treatment.

Clinical trial registration

https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en, identifier jRCTs071200011.
Structures, deformation history and dynamic background of the Qianyingzi Coal Mine in the Huaibei Coalfield, eastern China
Authors: Gu Chengchuan , Zhai Xiaorong , Wu Jiwen , Li Guangping , Wang Xin , Tan Pengfei , Hao Hongjun
Published: January 2023

The Qianyingzi Coal Mine is located in the west of the Suxian Mining District of the Huaibei Coalfield, eastern China. The study on structural development patterns and genetic mechanisms in this mine lays an important foundation for safe and efficiently underground mining, and is also the key to understanding the regional tectonic evolution. In this study, based on the analysis of three-dimensional seismic, drilling and underground measured data and regional tectonic correlation, the structures, evolution history and dynamic background of the Qianyingzi Coal Mine are discussed. The Carboniferous-Permian coal measure strata in the mine are generally a gentle syncline with a NNE-trending axis, and cut by a series of faults. The faults developed in this mine are mainly medium- and small-sized with a throw of less than 20 m, and the number of reverse faults is significantly greater than that of normal faults. The strikes of reverse and normal faults are both mainly NE, followed by NNE and nearly N‒S. According to the characteristics of structural geometry, tectonic association, fault property and cross-cutting relation, the structural deformation of coal measure strata in the Qianyingzi Coal Mine can be divided into five stages, and the corresponding tectonic stress fields are NWW‒SEE compressive stress, nearly E‒W compressive stress, NW‒SE compressive stress, nearly E‒W and NW‒SE extensional stresses, respectively. It developed the Fengjia Syncline with a NNE-trending axis in the first stage and nearly N‒S-striking reverse faults in the second stage, which were the results of foreland deformation and subsequent continent-continent collision during the convergence of the North China Craton and South China Plate in the Indosinian period. The NNE-striking reverse sinistral faults and NE-striking reverse faults developed in the third stage is related to the rapid oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate toward the East Asian continental margin at the beginning of the Early Cretaceous in the western Pacific region. Later, the fourth and fifth stages of the nearly N‒S- and NE-SW-striking normal faults were developed under the backarc extensional background in eastern China during the Early Cretaceous. These new results can be used to guide the rational arrangement for underground mining and also provide a new understanding for regional tectonic evolution of the Huaibei Coalfield.
Experimental investigation on the reinforcement of a high-pressure jet grouting pile for an ultra-shallow tunnel in a strongly weathered stratum
Authors: Li Pinpin , Huang Xun , Lu Feng , Qiu Wenge , Liu Huan , Li Linlong , Wang Yi , Chen Zhenyu , He Zhihao
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the performance of a high-pressure grouting material and consolidation body, the key parameters of tunnel surrounding rock reinforcement, and the field reinforcement effect are compared and studied. The results show that 1) the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and seepage resistance of the consolidation body are related to the water–cement ratio. The permeability of the consolidation body increases with increasing water–cement ratio under the constant head; under the condition of a certain water–cement ratio, the strength increases with an increase in cement content. To meet the construction requirements and the slurry stability, a small water–cement ratio is appropriate. 2) Slurry pressure, rotary spray speed, and lifting speed on the single pile static load bearing capacity have a significant impact. Under the same static load conditions, the greater the slurry pressure, the lower the cumulative settlement value of the single pile, the cumulative settlement value increases less, and the amount of change in rebound is the same; with the increase in the rotational speed of the rotary spray, the lower the cumulative settlement value of the single pile, and the rate of change of the cumulative settlement value of the single pile decreases; and with the increase in the lifting speed, the cumulative settlement value of the single pile increases and the rate of change of the cumulative settlement value decreases. 3) The pile body cement soil is more uniform, has high strength, and is brittle, and the stratum where the slurry part is located is a loose powder clay layer and sandy layer. 4) After high-pressure jet grouting pile reinforcement, the top surrounding rock is more stable after the excavation of an ultra-shallow buried tunnel, the fissures between the surrounding rocks are filled with cement soil consolidation, and the integrity is improved. Certain piles also play a certain role in stopping water; high-pressure jet grouting pile reinforcement to improve the integrity of the surrounding rock played a role in consolidating the weak soil layer above the tunnel vault, creating conditions for the safe excavation of the shallow buried section of the tunnel.
Modeling carbon uptake by vegetation of grassland ecosystems and its associated factors in China based on remote sensing
Authors: Li Xuejie , Li Ruren , Sha Zongyao
Published: January 2023

In order to reveal the spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of grassland net primary productivity (NPP) in China, this paper uses remote sensing data, land use data and meteorological data to simulate and estimate China’s grassland net primary productivity from 2001 to 2019 using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA). The trend analysis and complex correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship with the temporal and spatial changes of grassland NPP from the perspectives of climate factors, topography, longitude and latitude. The results show that: 1) In the past 19 years, the China’s grassland NPP has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend, the spatial distribution of NPP variation shows a characteristic of low in the west and high in the east, with the increased area accounting for 70.39% of the total grassland area, and the low NPP values are mainly distributed in the northwestern part of Tibet and Qinghai and the central part of Inner Mongolia, the average annual NPP is 257.13 g C·m−2·a−1. 2) The change of mean NPP value of grassland in China is more dependent on precipitation (p) than air temperature (T). 3) Grassland NPP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude, and the NPP on the gradient with DEM between 200 m and 500 m was the highest (483.86 g·C·m−2·a−1); The maximum annual mean value (448.42 g C·m−2·a−1) is fallen over the sharp slope of 35°–45°; the NPP of grassland increases with the slope (from shade to sunny), and the NPP of grassland on the semi-sunny slope increases. The annual average NPP is the highest (270.87 g C·m−2·a−1). 4) The mean value of grassland NPP was negatively correlated with the change of latitude, and showed a “wave-like” downward trend from south to north; the mean value of grassland NPP was positively related to the change of longitude. The correlation relationship shows a “stepped” upward trend from west to east.
Experimental investigations of CO2 adsorption behavior in shales: Implication for CO2 geological storage
Authors: Zheng Sijian , Sang Shuxun , Wang Meng , Liu Shiqi , Huang Kai , Feng Guangjun , Song Yu
Published: January 2023

Injecting CO2 into shale reservoirs has dual benefits for enhancing gas recovery and CO2 geological sequestration, which is of great significance to ensuring energy security and achieving the “Carbon Neutrality” for China. The CO2 adsorption behavior in shales largely determined the geological sequestration potential but remained uncharted. In this study, the combination of isothermal adsorption measurement and basic petro-physical characterization methods were performed to investigate CO2 adsorption mechanism in shales. Results show that the CO2 sorption capacity increase gradually with injection pressure before reaching an asymptotic maximum magnitude, which can be described equally well by the Langmuir model. TOC content is the most significant control factor on CO2 sorption capacity, and the other secondary factors include vitrinite reflectance, clay content, and brittle mineral content. The pore structure parameter of BET-specific surface area is a more direct factor affecting CO2 adsorption of shale than BJH pore volume. Langmuir CO2 adsorption capacity positive correlated with the surface fractal dimension (D1), but a significant correlation is not found with pore structure fractal dimension (D2). By introducing the Carbon Sequestration Leaders Forum and Department of Energy methods, the research results presented in this study can be extended to the future application for CO2 geological storage potential evaluation in shales.
A record of volcanic eruptions over the past 2,200 years from Vostok firn cores, central East Antarctica
Authors: Veres Arina N. , Ekaykin Alexey A. , Golobokova Liudmila P. , Khodzher Tamara V. , Khuriganowa Olga I. , Turkeev Alexey V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The products of volcanic eruptions found in the snow, firn and ice deposits of the polar ice sheets are precious sources of information on the volcanic forcing of the climate system in the recent or remote past. On the other hand, the layers containing the traces of well-known eruptions serve as absolute age markers that help to construct the depth-age scale for the snow-firn thickness.

Methods: In this study we present new records of the sulfate concentrations and electrical conductivity (ECM) from three shallow (up to 70 m depth) firn cores drilled in the vicinity of Vostok station (central East Antarctica).

Results: In the non-sea-salt sulfate and ECM profiles we were able to identify 68 peaks that can be interpreted as traces of volcanic events.

Discussion: 22 of these peaks can be unambiguously attributed to well-known volcanic eruptions (including Tambora 1816 CE, Huaynaputina 1601 CE, Samalas 1258 CE, Ilopango 541 CE and others), which allowed to construct a robust depth-age scale for the cores. 37 events have their counterparts in other Antarctic cores, but cannot be associated with welldated eruptions. Finally, 9 peaks do not have analogues in the other cores, i.e., they may be traces of so far unknown volcanic events. According to the newly constructed depth-age function, the deepest studied firn layers (70.20 m) are dated by 192 BCE.
Eastward expansion of the Tibetan plateau: Insights from stress drops of the 2021 Ms 6.4 Yangbi, Yunnan and Ms 7.4 Maduo, Qinghai earthquake sequences in China
Authors: He Xi , Zhao Lian-Feng , Xie Xiao-Bi , Zhang Lei , Yao Zhen-Xing
Published: January 2023

The eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau has resulted in extensive seismic activities in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, along with various types of faulting processes across this region. However, the crustal stress status related to these phenomena remains unclear. On 21 May 2021, the Ms 6.4 Yangbi and Ms 7.4 Maduo earthquakes with diverse focal mechanisms occurred consecutively in the Chuandian and Bayan Har blocks in the southern and northern parts of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, providing a distinct opportunity to directly compare the stresses in both flanks of the laterally expanding plateau. In this study, we estimate the stress drops of the Yangbi and Maduo earthquake sequences for all M≥3.0 events from the Lg-wave spectra. Both the path attenuation and site effect are properly removed based on an established broadband Lg-wave attenuation model. Then, the distribution of the stress drops is refined through high-precision earthquake relocation. Quick decays in stress drops were observed after both mainshocks. The Yangbi sequence has a relatively high median stress drop value, with significantly high stress drops for some foreshocks that possibly indicate a cascade triggering mechanism for the nucleation of the mainshock. In comparison, the Maduo sequence is characterized by a higher stress drop for the mainshock and sustained large fluctuation in stress drops for aftershocks. The Maduo aftershocks extend both the eastern and western directions from the mainshock, with relatively low stress drops in the east, suggesting a large amount of energy has been spent to drive the supershear rupture during the mainshock. We also find that the stress drops are associated with fault junctions for the Yangbi sequence, and are associated with variations in strength along the fault for the Maduo sequence, which are very likely linked with patterns of crustal motion and deformation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Optimizing treatment for diabetic macular edema during cataract surgery
Authors: Chan Leo Ka Yu , Lin Sui Sum , Chan Fiona , Ng Danny Siu-Chun
Published: January 2023

Diabetic macular edema (DME) causes visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and diabetic individuals are at risk of developing DR. Approximately 1 in 10 diabetic patients suffers from DME, which is the commonest cause of vision-threatening DR at primary-care screening. Furthermore, diabetes predisposes to a higher frequency and a younger onset of cataract, which further threatens vision in DME patients. Although cataract extraction is an effective cure, vision may still deteriorate following cataract surgery due to DME progression or recurrence, of which the risks are significantly higher than for patients without concurrent or previous history of DME at the time of operation. The management of pre-existing DME with visually significant cataract is a clinical conundrum. Deferring cataract surgery until DME is adequately treated is not ideal because of prolonged visual impairment and maturation of cataract jeopardizing surgical safety and monitoring of DR. On the other hand, the progression or recurrence of DME following prompt cataract surgery is a profound disappointment for patients and ophthalmic surgeons who had high expectations for postoperative visual improvement. Prescription of perioperative anti-inflammatory eye drops is effective in lowering the risk of new-onset DME after cataract surgery. However, management of concurrent DME at the time of cataract surgery is much more challenging because DME is unlikely to resolve spontaneously even with the aid of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal or steroid eye drops. A number of clinical trials using intravitreal injection of corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) as first-line therapy have demonstrated safety and efficacy to treat DME. These drugs have also been administered perioperatively for the prevention of DME worsening in patients undergoing cataract surgery. This article reviews the scientific evidence to guide ophthalmologists on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for managing patients with DME who are particularly vulnerable to cataract surgery-induced inflammation, which disintegrates the blood–retinal barrier and egression of fluid in macular edema.
MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation
Authors: Zheng Yuejun , Wei Zilin , Wang Tianhui
Published: January 2023

Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide composed of 16 amino acids encoded by the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. The MOTS-c protein is transferred to the nucleus during metabolic stress and directs the expression of nuclear genes to promote cell balance. Different tissues co-expressed the protein with mitochondria, and plasma also contained the protein, but its level decreased with age. In addition, MOTS-c has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, which indicates its benefits for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and aging. Nevertheless, MOTS-c has been used less frequently in disease treatment, and no effective method of applying MOTS-c in the clinic has been developed. Throughout this paper, we discussed the discovery and physiological function of mitochondrial-derived polypeptide MOTS-c, and the application of MOTS-c in the treatment of various diseases, such as aging, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and inflammation. To provide additional ideas for future research and development, we tapped into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of MOTS-c to improve diseases and combined the technology with synthetic biology in order to offer a new approach to its development and application.
A machine learning method for locating subsynchronous oscillation source of VSCs in wind farm induced by open-loop modal resonance based on measurement
Authors: Ren Bixing , Li Qiang , Jia Yongyong , Zhou Qian , Wang Chenggen , Zou Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

In recent years, sub-synchronous oscillation incidents have been reported to happen globally, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of the power system. It is difficult to locate the oscillation source in practice using the parameterized model of open-loop modal resonance. Therefore, this paper aims at the problem of oscillation instability caused by the interaction between the multiple voltage source converters in the wind farm grid-connected system, proposes a method for locating the oscillation source of a wind farm using measurement data based on the transfer learning algorithm of transfer component analysis. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of the lack of oscillation data and the inability to label in the real system, a simplified simulation system was proposed to generate large batches of labeled training samples. Then, the common features of the samples from simulation system and the real system were learned through the transfer component analysis algorithm. Afterward, a classifier was trained to classify samples with common features. Finally, two grid-connected wind farms with VSC access are used to verify that the proposed method has good locating performance. This has important reference value for the practical application of power grid dispatching and operation using measurement to identify oscillation sources.
Examining the impact of financial development on load capacity factor (LCF): System GMM analysis for Asian economies
Authors: Latif Nazia , Faridi Muhammad Zahir
Published: January 2023

Contingent upon the empirical work done, the current study seeks to investigate the environmental load capacity factor (LCF) consequences of financial development in three different ways for 48 Asian economies. We used the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to analyze the data from 1996 to 2020. Initially, we investigated the environmental consequences of financial development by considering six dimensions of financial development. Then, we modified the original environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) into the financial market-based EKC (FM-EKC) to compare short- and long-run environmental consequences of financial development. Ultimately, the study explores the intersecting marginal effects of financial development and institutional quality on environmental quality. Our results show that foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development, economic growth, and environmental quality (LCF) exhibit statistically significant long-run co-integrating relationships in the studied economies. This study demonstrated how FDI, financial development, and economic expansion contribute to environmental deterioration in 48 Asian countries. The nexus between finance and sustainability is moderated by the institutional quality and the regulatory environment, resulting in the FM-EKC idea. The key findings of system GMM analysis confirmed that Asian countries have an inverted U-shaped FM-EKC, which we attempt to explain with three different justifications. This study showed that the strong institutional structure in an economy guarantees the favorable environmental consequences of financial development in the long run. It also suggested that a healthier education structure of an economy can help improve the environmental quality of an economy.
For quantitative criteria in alien species assessment
Authors: Sandvik Hanno
Published: January 2023

Impact or risk assessments of alien species can use qualitative criteria (such as verbally described categories) or quantitative criteria (numerically defined threshold values of empirically measurable quantities). According to a common misconception, the use of qualitative criteria in invasion biology is justified by uncertainty in the available data. Yet qualitative criteria have the effect of increasing uncertainty. In contrast, assessments using quantitative criteria are testable, transparent, highly repeatable and comparable. Most of these characteristics do not even depend on the availability of numerical data. Although quantitative criteria do not necessarily make assessments correct, they do make them correctable, which is the benchmark of science.
Human antibodies targeting ENPP1 as candidate therapeutics for cancers
Authors: Chu Xiaojie , Baek Du-San , Li Wei , Shyp Taras , Mooney Brian , Hines Margaret G. , Morin Gregg B. , Sorensen Poul H. , Dimitrov Dimiter S.
Published: January 2023

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many tissues. High expression levels of ENPP1 have been observed in many cancer types such as lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Such overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in these diseases. Hence, ENPP1 is a potential target for immunotherapy across multiple cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized two high-affinity and specific anti-ENPP1 Fab antibody candidates, 17 and 3G12, from large phage-displayed human Fab libraries. After conversion to IgG1, the binding of both antibodies increased significantly due to avidity effects. Based on these antibodies, we generated antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), IgG-based bispecific T-cell engagers (IbTEs), and CAR T-cells which all exhibited potent killing of ENPP1-expressing cells. Thus, these various antibody-derived modalities are promising therapeutic candidates for cancers expressing human ENPP1.