bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study exploring the barriers and facilitators of implementing a cardiovascular disease risk reducing intervention for people with severe mental illness into primary care contexts across England: the ‘PRIMROSE’ trial.
Authors: Hassan Suzan , Heinkel Samira , Burton Alexandra , Blackburn Ruth , McCloud Tayla , Ross Jamie , Osborn David , Walters Kate
Published: October 2019

Background: People with severe mental illness (SMI) are at greater risk of earlier mortality due to physical health problems including cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is limited work exploring whether physical health interventions for people with SMI can be embedded and/or adopted within specific healthcare settings. This information is necessary to optimise the development of services and interventions within healthcare settings. This study explores the barriers and facilitators of implementing a nurse-delivered intervention (‘PRIMROSE’) designed to reduce CVD risk in people with SMI in primary care, using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT).Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted between April-December 2016 with patients with SMI at risk of CVD who received the PRIMROSE intervention, and practice nurses and healthcare assistants who delivered it in primary care in England. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Emergent themes were then mapped on to constructs of NPT. Results: 15 patients and 15 staff participated. The implementation of PRIMROSE was affected by: 1) Coherence, where both staff and patients expressed an understanding of the purpose and value of the intervention, 2) Cognitive participation, including mental health stigma, staff confidence levels, staff knowledge and staff perceptions of the compatibility of the intervention to primary care contexts, 3) Collective action, including lack of patient engagement despite flexible appointment scheduling. Limited time and resources hindered implementation. Positive relationships between staff and patients facilitated implementation, and access to ‘in-house’ staff support was considered important. Staff skills, knowledge and training facilitated implementation. However, perceptions of the applicability of the intervention to real-world contexts and accessibility of resources sometimes prevented collective action. 4) Reflexive monitoring, where the staff commonly appraised the intervention by reporting its value and identifying ways of improving it. Conclusions: Future interventions for physical health in people with SMI could consider the following items to improve implementation: 1) training for practitioners covering interpersonal skills, mental and physical health, in order to overcome stigma, increase knowledge, confidence and facilitate positive relationships with patients and 2) enabling access to resources including specialist services, additional staff and time.
The Joint External Evaluation process in Cameroon: Assessing the country’s capacity for health security
Authors: NDOUNGUE Viviane FOSSOUO , Molium Mohamed Moctar Mouiche , Tiwoda Christie , Gnigninanjouena Oumarou , Sadeuh-Mba Serge Alain , Wango Roland Kimbi , Ngapana Arouna Njayou
Published: October 2019

Objectives The objective of this study was to present the JEE process in Cameroon as well as Cameroon’s capacities to manage public health threats in accordance with the IHR 2005. Cameroon JEE process and data for the 48 indicators within the 19 technical areas was examined.Results Cameroon's overall score was 1.98 ± 0.93 and 48/34 indicators (70.38%) had scores less than 2 on a 1 to 5 scale. In the “Detect” category the average score was 2.7. Technical areas with the lowest average scores were Reporting and National laboratory system. The weakest indicators in the “Prevent” category were antimicrobial resistance, biosafety and biosecurity, and National legislation, policy and financing. Emergency Response Operations, Preparedness, Medical Countermeasures and Personnel Deployment have the lowest scores in the “Respond” category. Chemical Events and Points of Entry have the lowest score in “Other IHR-related hazards and Point of Entry”. Scores attributed during the country self-assessment were 73% similar to those of the JEE process.
Application of MALDI-TOF MS to rapid identification of anaerobic bacteria: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Shan Mingzhu , Zhu Zuobin , Mao Xuhua , Yan Mingju , Chen Ying , Zhu Qiuju , Li Hongchun , Gu Bing
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been rapidly developed and widely used as an analytical technique in clinical laboratories with high accuracy in microorganism identification.
OBJECTIVE: To validate the efficacy of MALDI-TOF MS in identification of clinical pathogenic anaerobes.
METHODS: Twenty-eight studies covering 6685 strains of anaerobic bacteria were included in this meta-analysis. Fixed-effects models based on the P -value and the I-squared were used for meta-analysis to consider the possibility of heterogeneity between studies. Statistical analyses were performed by using STATA 12.0.
RESULTS : The identification accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS was 84% for species (I 2 = 98.0%, P < 0.1), and 92% for genus (I 2 = 96.6%, P < 0.1). Thereinto, the identification accuracy of Bacteroides was the highest at 96% with a 95% CI of 95-97%, followed by Lactobacillus spp., Parabacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Propionibacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Veillonella spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp., and their correct identification rates were all above 90%, while the accuracy of rare anaerobic bacteria was relatively low. Meanwhile, the overall capabilities of two MALDI-TOF MS systems were different. The identification accuracy rate was 90% for VITEK MS vs . 86% for MALDI biotyper system.
CONCLUSION: Our research showed that MALDI-TOF-MS was satisfactory in genus identification of clinical pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. However, this method still suffers from different drawbacks in precise identification of rare anaerobe and species levels of common anaerobic bacteria.
Key words : MALDI-TOF MS , anaerobec, bacteria identification
The midline approach for endotracheal intubation using GlideScope video laryngoscopy could provide better glottis exposure in adults： A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Lianxiang , Qiu Shulin , Zhang Peng , Yao Weidong , Chang Yan , Dai Zeping
Published: October 2019

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that the common laryngoscopic approach (right-sided) and midline approach are both used for endotracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy. Although the midline approach is commonly recommended for video laryngoscopy (VL) in the clinic, there is a lack of published evidences to support this practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different video laryngoscopic approaches on intubation.
Methods: Two hundred sixty-two patients aged 18 years who underwent elective surgery under general anaesthesia and required endotracheal intubation were included in the present prospective, randomized, controlled study. The participants were randomly and equally allocated to the right approach (Group R) or midline approach (Group M). All the intubations were conducted by experienced anaesthetists using GlideScope video laryngoscopy. The primary outcomes were Cormack-Lehane laryngoscopic views (CLVs) and first-pass success (FPS) rates. The secondary outcomes were the time to glottis exposure, time to tracheal intubation, haemodynamic responses and other adverse events. Comparative analysis was performed between the groups.
Results: Finally, 262 patients completed the study, and all the tracheas were successfully intubated. No significant differences were observed in the patient characteristics and airway assessments ( P >0.05). Compared with Group R, Group M had a better CLV ( χ2 =14.706, P =0.001) and shorter times to glottis exposure (8.82±2.04 vs 12.38±1.81; t =14.94; P <0.001) and tracheal intubation (37.19±5.01 vs 45.23±4.81; t =13.25; P <0.001), but no difference was found in the FPS rate (70.2% vs 71.8%; χ2 =0.074; P =0.446) and intubation procedure time (29.86±2.56 vs 30.46±2.97, t =1.75, P =0.081). Between the groups, the rates of hoarseness or sore throat, minor injury, hypoxemia and changes in SBP and HR showed no significant difference ( P >0.05).
Conclusion: Although the FPS rate did not differ based on the laryngoscopic approach, the midline approach could provide better glottis exposure and shorter times to glottis exposure and intubation. The midline approach should be recommended for teaching in VL-assisted endotracheal intubation.
Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR-RNC-1900023252 ).
Plants with Horticultural and Ecological Attributes for Green Roofs in a Cool, Dry Climate
Authors: Erwin John , Hensley Jonathan
Published: October 2019

Green roofs are building surface treatments where plants are grown in medium on a rooftop to cool or insulate buildings and/or to ameliorate negative environmental impacts of buildings. We initiated a 2-year study to characterize medium and weather conditions on a rooftop in a cool-dry climate and to identify plant species with horticultural and ecological attributes that survive and thrive on an unirrigated semi-intensive green roof in a cool-dry climate. Eighty-eight cold-hardy, drought-tolerant species with horticultural or ecological attributes were identified and planted into 12.7-cm-deep medium in trays that were placed on a rooftop. Medium temperatures and moistures were recorded, and plant survival and vigor were quantified. Hourly medium temperatures varied from –22.3 to 43 °C. Monthly medium water moistures varied from –2.5 to –73.3 kPa from May to September, and from –7.6 to –195 kPa from October to April. Monthly air temperature, relative humidity and irradiance varied from –9.4 to 21.7 °C, 44% to 80%, and from 206 to 1222 μmol·m−2·s−1. Mean survival scores decreased (4 = 100% survival) from 2.6 with grasses, to 2.3 with succulents, to 1.8 with temperate perennials, to 0 for geophytes (all died). Among grasses, Festuca ovina VNS, Koeleria macrantha 07-901 ND, Panicum virgatum, and Sporobolus heterolepis performed well. Among succulents, Sedum acre, S. album ‘Coral Carpet’, S. cauticola ‘Sunset Cloud’, S. ‘Czar’s Gold’, S. ellecombianum, S. hybridum ‘Immergruchen’, S. requieni, S. sexangulare, S. spurium ‘Dragon’s Blood’, ‘John Creech’, ‘Pearly Pink’, ‘Ruby Mantle’, and ‘Tricolor’ performed well. Among temperature nonsucculent perennials, Allium ceranum and senescens ‘Glaucum’, Geum triflorum, Talinum calycinum, and Thymus praecox ‘Red Creeping’ performed well. Data on Sedum suggested that medium-low temperature was more limiting to survival than moisture level. The differences in species that performed well here, compared with other studies, underscores the importance of regionally specific green roof plant species studies.
Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under Colored Shade Nets: Plant Growth and Physiological Responses
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Juan Carlos , St. John Kelly
Published: October 2019

Use of colored shade nets has shown benefits in bell pepper and other horticultural crops. There is still, however, limited information on plant growth and physiology of bell pepper crop grown under colored shade nets. The objective was to determine the effects of colored shade nets on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and leaf pigments of field-grown bell pepper. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and five shade treatments (black, red, silver, and white nets, and an uncovered control). Mean and maximal air temperature and midday root zone temperature (RZT) were highest in the unshaded treatment. Differences in air temperatures between shade net treatments were smaller compared with the differences in RZT between treatments. Plant fresh weight and stem diameter were reduced in the unshaded treatment, and there were no plant fresh weight and stem diameter differences among shade nets. The incidence of Phytophthora blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici) was greatest in the unshaded treatment. Leaf stomatal conductance (gS) and photosystem II efficiency were reduced and leaf temperature increased in unshaded conditions. Leaf net photosynthesis, gS, internal CO2, and PSII efficiency decreased with increasing leaf temperature. Differences in leaf temperature among shade net treatments were because of differences in solar radiation captured by leaves. Leaf total carotenoids were lowest in unshaded conditions and there were no differences in total carotenoids among the shade nets. Chlorophyll a concentration and chlorophyll a/b ratio was lowest in unshaded conditions. Leaf total phenols, flavonoids, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) values were highest in red net and in unshaded conditions. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values were highest in red net and lowest in silver net. In conclusion, compared with unshaded conditions, shade nets resulted in improved bell pepper plant growth and leaf gas exchange. These responses were due primarily to the reduced leaf and root zone temperatures under shaded conditions, regardless of the color of shade net. The differences in plant growth and function due to color of shade net were inconsistent or minor for most of the plant variables measured.
Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Fruit Softening by Regulating Ethylene Synthesis and Signaling Pathway in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Hu Kang-Di , Zhang Xiao-Yue , Wang Sha-Sha , Tang Jun , Yang Feng , Huang Zhong-Qin , Deng Jing-Yu , Liu Si-Yuan , Zhao Shang-Jun , Hu Lan-Ying , Yao Gai-Fang , Zhang Hua
Published: October 2019

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proven to be a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants. In this study, we attempted to explore the effects of H2S on the climacteric fruit tomato during postharvest storage. H2S fumigation for 1 d was found to delay the peel color transition from green to red and decreased fruit firmness induced by ethylene. Further investigation showed that H2S fumigation downregulated the activities and gene expressions of cell wall–degrading enzymes pectin lyase (PL), polygalacturonase (PG), and cellulase. Furthermore, H2S fumigation downregulated the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes SlACS2 and SlACS3. Ethylene treatment for 1 d was found to induce the expression of SlACO1, SlACO3, and SlACO4 genes, whereas the increase was significantly inhibited by H2S combined with ethylene. Furthermore, H2S decreased the transcript accumulation of ethylene receptor genes SlETR5 and SlETR6 and ethylene transcription factors SlCRF2 and SlERF2. The correlation analysis suggested that the fruit firmness was negatively correlated with ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway. The current study showed that exogenous H2S could inhibit the synthesis of endogenous ethylene and regulate ethylene signal transduction, thereby delaying fruit softening and the ripening process of tomato fruit during postharvest storage.
Nonlinear Regression and Multivariate Analysis Used to Study the Phenotypic Stability of Cowpea Genotypes
Authors: dos Santos Adriano , Torres Francisco Eduardo , Rodrigues Erina Vitório , de Andréa Pantaleão Ariane , Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro Larissa , Bhering Leonardo Lopes , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of cowpea genotypes using a nonlinear regression analysis and multivariate analysis. Experiments were performed at four sites in Brazil using a randomized blocks design with 20 treatments and four replications. The adaptability and stability of genotypes were evaluated by Toler nonlinear regression and genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot methodologies. Most of the genotypes revealed linear response patterns, with no differences regarding the favorable and unfavorable environments. Regarding the genotype classification for stability and adaptability, the Toler and GGE biplot methodologies are congruent. Genotypes MNC99-537F-4, MNC00-561G-6, MNC99542F-5, and Patativa have high overall adaptability and adequate yield. Therefore, they should be recommended for cultivation in the tested environments. Genotypes closer to the ideotype by the GGE biplot method are considered doubly desirable by the nonlinear method.
Post-crisis trends in household credit market behavior: evidence from Hungary (Literature review)
Authors: Sági Judit , Lentner Csaba
Published: October 2019

In response to a sharp rise in household credit repayment risk after the 2008 crisis, the banking sector was consolidated, borrowing conditions were tightened and the regulatory authorities had to improve the financial literacy of population. The study evaluates the effectiveness of regulatory measures to prevent excessive indebtedness, and analyzes the results of the latest survey of population financial literacy in Hungary after the 2008 financial crisis. The results confirm the scientific studies of different economists and scholars who state that the financial awareness is closely related to household saving and borrowing patterns. The outcomes of the analysis reveal the risks associated with the lack of financial literacy in Hungary. In fact, the financial awareness of households over the past years has not improved significantly either in the wake of losses suffered on FX-based loans, or as a result of the preventive actions undertaken by the government regulatory bodies.
Determining the impact of financial performance factors on bankruptcy risk: an empirical study of listed real estate companies in Vietnam
Authors: Cong Nguyen Van , Nga Nguyen Thi , Tu Oanh Le Thi , Than Nguyen Trong
Published: October 2019

The risk of bankruptcy is affected by many different factors. Therefore, identifying the groups of factors affecting bankruptcy risks, especially financial performance factors, are important and necessary. The study focused on the impact of financial performance on the bankruptcy risk of real estate companies listed on Vietnam’s stock exchange. Research data were collected from 44 real estate companies listed on Vietnam’s stock exchange from 2011 to 2017 with 308 observations. The study was conducted by the quantitative method based on the logistic regression model with the help of SPSS 25 specialized software. The research results show that Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Total Asset Turnover (TAT) have significant reverse effects on bankruptcy risk, while Operating Profit Margin (OPM) is not a relevant factor. The accuracy rate of the overall predictive model is 90.9%. This study extends the scope of literature on the impact of financial performance on the bankruptcy risk of real estate companies. Moreover, this study offers the model of bankruptcy risk prediction of the listed real estate companies in Vietnam and recommends effective solutions to improve business efficiency, limit and prevent financial risks for listed real estate companies in Vietnam.
Analitik Hiyerarşi Seçim Yöntemi ile Otel Personeli Seçimi Kriterlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Giresun İli Örneği
Authors: Akyurt Hakan
Published: October 2019

Turizm sektörünün ekonomik olarak
artan önemi nedeni ile günümüz işletmeleri maliyetlerini azaltmak için yoğun
çaba harcamaktadır. Otel yönetimlerinin maliyetleri azaltmak ve sürekli çalışan
bir personel kadrosunu oluşturması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, Giresun
ilinde faaliyet göstermekte olan turizm işletme belgeli otel yöneticilerinin
personel seçimlerinde hangi kriterlerin öncelikli olarak dikkate aldıklarının
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma yönteminde, Giresun ili otel
yöneticilerinden alınan veriler doğrultusunda “Analitik Hiyerarşi Seçim” (AHP)
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak karşılaştırmalı matrisler oluşturulmuş
ardından geometrik ortalamalar hesaplanmış ve Super decision V 3.2 programı ile
analiz edilmiştir. Analiz
sonuçlarında, “yabancı dil” kriterinin personel seçiminde en önemli kriter
olduğu sonucu çıkmıştır. Personel seçiminde diğer önemli kriterlerin ise,
“deneyim, fiziksel özellikler, sorumluluk, örgütsel bağlılık, eğitim ve
fiziksel özellikler” olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma da elde edilen sonuçlara göre,
“eğitim” kriterinin ilk sıralarda olmaması, otel yöneticilerinin turizm
eğitimine karşı algılamalarının farklılığını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma da
ortaya çıkan sonuçlar hem sektörde çalışmak isteyen öğrenciler için kendilerini
nasıl yetiştirmeleri gerektiği konusunda yararlı bir kaynak olacaktır.
Barbara Kruger’in Tasarımlarını Göstergelerarasılığın Yeniden Üretim Yöntemleriyle Okumak
Authors: Çulha Dilek
Published: October 2019

Postmodern dönem,
toplumun çeşitli alanlarındaki değişim ve dönüşümünü anlamlandıran kavram ve
teorilerin eşliğinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bu eklektik yapıyı kuran yazın alanında
metinlerarasılık ve görsel alanda göstergelerarasılığın içeriğinde irdelenen
yeniden üretim modelleridir. Yeniden üretim; parodi (yansıma) ve pastiş
(öykünme) gibi kavramlarla geçmiş ve gelecek arasında varlık gösteren yazının,
söylemin ve görselin günün koşullarına dönüşümünün başka bir okuması olarak ele
alınabilinir. Bu görüşü görsel sanatlar içinde tasarımlarına yansıtan isim
Barbara Kruger’dir. Onun çift dille kodladığı eleştirel nitelikli tasarımları
daha çok toplumsal bilinen bir bilgiyi kuran ataerkil yapının inşa ettiği, toplumsal
gerçekliğin rolünü eleştirebilir kılmaktadır. Böyle bir okumanın amacı; grafik
tasarımda fikir çözümlemesine düşünsel kuramlar ile yaklaşılabileceğine işaret
etmektedir. Çünkü kuram, toplumsal yapının oluşturduğu bilgileri dönemin
düşünsel koşullar doğrultusunda değişiminin sorgusunu açığa çıkarmaktadır. Bu
bağlamda Kruger’in tasarımlarını kuram ile okumak; parodi ve pastişin
açıklanmasını sağlarken, grafik dilinin zihinsel etkisinin anlaşılmasına
yardımcı olması bakımından da önemlidir.
Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of the genus Eremostachys Bunge
Authors: Mohammadhosseini Majid , Frezza Claudio , Venditti Alessandro , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl
Published: October 2019

In this review, the species from the genus Eremostachys Bunge are described and
explored from different standpoints. In particular, the main attention is focused on phytochemistry
also with reference to the biogenesis of the most important class of chemotaxonomic
marker, the iridoids, and their co-occurrence with volatile terpene components of essential oils
which own the same biogenetic precursors. The ethnopharmacological implications of the plants
belonging to this genus are also reported in detail. Nevertheless, a few morphological and botanical
details of Eremostachys are also presented, as well as some topics about its chemotaxonomy
and pure pharmacology. Based on the data reported in the literature, different species of the genus
Eremostachys show important and interesting peculiarities under all these aspects that are
extensively discussed and commented.
Current Designs and Developments of Fucoidan-based Formulations for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tran Phuong H.L. , Tran Thao T.D.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Natural nanostructure materials have been involved in antitumor drug delivery systems due
to their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and bioactive properties.

Methods:

These materials have contributed to advanced drug delivery systems in the roles of both bioactive compounds
and delivery nanocarriers. Fucoidan, a valuable ocean material used in drug delivery systems, has been exploited
in research on cancer and a variety of other diseases.

Results:

Although the uniqueness, structure, properties, and health benefits of fucoidan have been mentioned in
various prominent reviews, current developments and designs of fucoidan-based formulations still need to be assessed
to further develop an effective anticancer therapy. In this review, current important formulations using fucoidan
as a functional material and as an anticancer agent will be discussed. This article will also provide a brief
principle of the methods that incorporate functional nanostructure materials in formulations exploiting fucoidan.

Conclusion:

Current research and future perspectives on the use of fucoidan in anticancer therapy will advance innovative
and important products for clinical uses.
Natural Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Qiu Longxin , Guo Chang
Published: October 2019

Aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to be involved in the development of nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic AR is induced under hyperglycemia condition and
converts excess glucose to lipogenic fructose, which contributes in part to the accumulation of fat in
the liver cells of diabetes rodents. In addition, the hyperglycemia-induced AR or nutrition-induced AR
causes suppression of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)
α and reduced lipolysis in the liver, which also contribute to the development of NAFLD. Moreover,
AR induction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may aggravate oxidative stress and the expression
of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Here, we summarize the knowledge on AR inhibitors of
plant origin and review the effect of some plant-derived AR inhibitors on NAFLD/NASH in rodents.
Natural AR inhibitors may improve NAFLD at least in part through attenuating oxidative stress and
inflammatory cytokine expression. Some of the natural AR inhibitors have been reported to attenuate
hepatic steatosis through the regulation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we
propose that the natural AR inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD.
Natural DNA Intercalators as Promising Therapeutics for Cancer and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Godzieba Martyna , Ciesielski Slawomir
Published: October 2019

Cancer and infectious diseases are one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. An
unhealthy lifestyle, the improper use of drugs, or their abuse are conducive to the increase of morbidity
and mortality caused by these diseases. The imperfections of drugs currently used in therapy
for these diseases and the increasing problem of drug resistance have forced a search for new substances
with therapeutic potential. Throughout history, plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms
have been rich sources of biologically active compounds. Even today, despite the development of
chemistry and the introduction of many synthetic chemotherapeutics, a substantial part of the new
compounds being tested for treatment are still of natural origin. Natural compounds exhibit a great
diversity of chemical structures, and thus possess diverse mechanisms of action and molecular targets.
Nucleic acids seem to be a good molecular target for substances with anticancer potential in
particular, but they may also be a target for antimicrobial compounds. There are many types of interactions
of small-molecule ligands with DNA. This publication focuses on the intercalation process.
Intercalators are compounds that usually have planar aromatic moieties and can insert themselves
between adjacent base pairs in the DNA helix. These types of interactions change the structure of
DNA, leading to various types of disorders in the functioning of cells and the cell cycle. This article
presents the most promising intercalators of natural origin, which have aroused interest in recent
years due to their therapeutic potential.
Contemporary Progress in the Synthetic Strategies of Imidazole and its Biological Activities
Authors: Soni Jay , Sethiya Ayushi , Sahiba Nusrat , Agarwal Dinesh K. , Agarwal Shikha
Published: October 2019

:

Heterocyclic compounds are pervasive in many areas of life and one of the heterocycles, imidazole is a unique heterocyclic five-membered aromatic compound having two sp2 hybridized nitrogen atoms. Its integral name is 1, 3 diazole and previously, it was known as glyoxalin. This moiety has achieved a considerable place among scientists in recent years by reason of its divergent synthetic strategies and uncommon biological and pharmacological activities, for example, anti-convulsant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, analgesic, etc. Due to distinct therapeutic actions, it is still an engrossed area of research. Researchers currently are inventing new greener methods to synthesize its derivatives and to improve its pharmacological activities. The purpose of this review is to study the literature that can help researchers to explore this area, its prevailing program for synthesis in environmentally friendly conditions and biological profile throughout past decades.
DASH Dietary Pattern: A Treatment for Non-communicable Diseases
Authors: Suri Sheenam , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Satish , Goyal Ankit , Tanwar Beenu , Kaur Jasleen , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: October 2019

Non-communicable diseases are the major inducer of mortality and morbidity in the
Western world. In terms of nutrition, a diet high in fat (particularly saturated fat), salt and sugars
have shown to be associated with innumerable incidence of diet- associated health diseases. Dietary
modification is a central part of any treatment strategy. The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension
(DASH) diet is one among such healthy dietary patterns, which emphasizes on the consumption of
fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy foods, including whole grains, poultry, fish, and small quantities
of red meat, sweets and drinks containing sugar. This study provides certain practical evidence that
prolonged adoption of DASH diet which can be a useful treatment for numerous non-communicable
diseases with a sustained effect on the health that involves both accessibility and proximity to
healthy eating choices. Long-term studies are required to assess whether these effects are maintained
over time.
Evaluation of Contrast-enhanced Transcranial Color-coded Duplex Sonography (CE-TCCD) Applied in Stroke Patients with Intracranial Collateral Circulation
Authors: Xing Jin , Xu Bin , Zhai Lin , Men Yan , Zhang Dan , Zhang Wenjing , Cui Jian
Published: October 2019

Background and Introduction:

Collateral circulation is very crucial for the prognosis
of stroke patients. Transcranial color-coded duplexsonography (TCCD) is used widely to evaluate
the intracranial arterial blood flow. However, approximately 20% - 30% of the patients with cerebral
infarction cannot be detected via TCCD due to the interruption of thickened temporal bones.
We assessed the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplexsonography
(CE-TCCD) in stroke patients with limited bone windows.

Methods:

CE-TCCD was applied to 70 patients (51 males and 19 females) who presented with
ischemic symptoms, to detect the openness of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and posterior
communicating artery (PCoA) of the Willis ring before Computed Tomography angiography
(CTA) or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) examination. The results from CETCCD
is used to compare with CTA/MRA result to verify the diagnostic efficacy.

Results:

Forty-one communicating artery openings were detected by CE-TCCD, among which 37
were PCoA and 4 were ACoA. Among the 70 patients, 23 of 70 patients indicated severe stenosis
within intracranial and/or extracranial arteries. Eighteen out of the 23 patients showed collateral
circulation, accounting for 78.3% (18/23). Moderate stenosis were 23 cases in total, in which 7
cases showed collateral circulation, accounting for 30.4% (7/23). Slight stenosis were 24 cases in
total, none of which showed collateral circulation.

Conclusion :

In the stroke patients with limited bone windows, CE-TCCD can evaluate intracranial
collateral circulation.
Ionic Liquids with Anti-Candida and Anticancer Dual Activity as Potential N-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors
Authors: Metelytsia Larysa , Trush Maria , Semenyuta Ivan , Rogalsky Sergiy , Kobzar Oleksandr , Kalashnikova Larisa , Blagodatny Volodymyr , Hodyna Diana
Published: October 2019

Background:

Currently, a study on the relationship between candidiasis and cancer has been
conducted. Until recent years, the opportunistic fungus C. albicans is mainly associated with cancer
processes and is able to stimulate carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Methods:

A number of ionic liquids as potential anticancer and anti-Candida agents have been investigated
based on modern theoretical and experimental data about the relationship between oncopathology
and candida infection.

Results:

The analysis of the received experimental results demonstrates that ionic liquid with alkyl
chain length of 6 carbon atoms (C6) has not shown anti-Candida activity. The indicators of its cytotoxicity
ІС50 (28,617μМ) and MTC (9,050 μМ) against HEP-2 tumor cell line were also very low. Compounds
with alkyl chain length C12 have shown high potential of anti-Candida activity and anticancer
properties.

Conclusion:

Based on the obtained results, сompound 4 (C12C1IM-Cl) is proposed for further study as a
potential double-acting agent with high anticancer and anti-Candida activities. N-myristoyltransferase is
presented and used for docking as a potential molecular target responsible for the dual anti-Сandidа and
anticancer activities of studied ionic liquids.
Pharmacokinetic Characterization of ZT55, A Novel Indole Derivative Isolated from Radix Isatidis, using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass and Q-TOF/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dan Zhang , Min Hu , Chengbo Xu , Chengjuan Chen , Jiangong Shi , Tiantai Zhang , Pengmei Li
Published: October 2019

Background:

ZT55 is a novel natural product isolated from Radix isatidis. It is a highlyselective
tyrosine kinase inhibitor against myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although earlier research has
described the pharmacodynamic properties of ZT55 in vivo and in vitro, the quantitative determination
and pharmacokinetic profile in vivo have not been thoroughly studied.

Methods:

A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed
and validated for the quantification of ZT55 in rat plasma. A Waters symmetry C18 column was
used for chromatographic separation; 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic aqueous solution
was used as the mobile phase. Detection was performed by Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM)
mode using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. UPLC-QTOF-MS was used for the identification
of metabolites.

Results:

The method was linear (R2=0.9988) over the concentration range of 1-2500 ng/mL. The lower
limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision of ZT55 showed a relative
standard deviation within 8.47%, whereas the accuracy (RE) ranged from -4.84% to 4.45%. The recoveries
ranged from 92.89% to 97.21%. ZT55 reached the highest plasma concentration at 0.5h. The peak
concentrations with three dosages were 103.59±10.11, 185.23±29.56, and 355.98±28.86 ng/mL. The
AUC0-24 of three dosages were 874.70±72.33, 433.80±49.33, and 231.65±19.41 ng•h/ml respectively.
Five metabolites of ZT55 from plasma were confirmed. The main pathways of ZT55 in vivo were hydrolysis,
N-dealkylation, glycosylation, and sulfonation.

Conclusions:

LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of ZT55 after
oral administration and intravenous. ZT55 exhibited rapid oral absorption, high elimination, and low
absolute bioavailability. This study provides important pharmacokinetic and metabolism information
for further pharmacological and toxicological research on ZT55.
Antibacterial Effect of Peruvian Propolis Collected During Different Seasons on the Growth of Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Becerra Thalia B. , Calla-Poma Roger D. , Requena-Mendizabal Margarita F. , Millones-Gómez Pablo A.
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Propolis is a gummy, resinous substance made by bees from the buds and exudates of plants. The antibacterial activity of propolis has been widely studied and is known to vary according to its geographical origin, the type of surrounding flora, the collecting bee species, the mode of its collection and even the season in which it is collected. Unfortunately, these observations have not been corroborated experimentally.

Aim:

To compare the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of propolis collected in the summer and autumn on the growth ofStreptococcus mutansATCC 25175.

Materials and Methods:

Propolis samples were collected in the summer and autumn and labeled “A” or “B” by an individual who was not directly involved in the study. Then, 5% ethanolic extracts of propolis were prepared for each sample.S. mutanswas plated onto brain heart infusion agar plates into which wells were formed, and the plates were divided into four groups to test the antibacterial effectiveness of both the extracts and the positive (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate) and negative (96% ethanol) controls.

Results:

Inhibition halos of 26.4±2.6 and 18.2±1.8 mm were observed for the autumn and summer propolis extracts, respectively, while those of the negative and positive controls were 0 and 13 mm, respectively. These differences were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test.

Conclusion:

The significantly higher growth ofS. mutansin the extracts made from propolis collected in autumn than that grown on extracts collected in summer indicates that the season in which propolis is collected does indeed influence its antibacterial activity.
Novel 7-substituted Fluoroquinolone Citrate Conjugates as Powerful Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Allaka Tejeswara R. , Anireddy Jaya S.
Published: October 2019

In this study, the synthesis and evaluation of norfloxacin analogues of dimethyl citrate conjugates were described and their antibacterial and anticancer activities were assessed. The cognate 7-substituted norfloxacin citrate conjugates are active against various strains of bacteria, including MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) with higher activity than ciprofloxacin. Screening results indicated that compound 10 possessed good antibacterial activity against several microorganisms, with MIC values in the range of 0.16-0.35 mg/mL and MBCs in the range of 0.55-0.84 mg/mL. Experiments indicated that 9 demonstrated the most significant activity towards the HCT-15 cell line with IC50 value 8.2 ± 0.139 and against the HT-29 cell line with IC50 8.9 ± 0.122. The title compounds were also evaluated for determining the molecular and pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness model scores by using the Molinspiration-2008 and MolSoft-2007 softwares. The region isomeric conjugates followed the Lipinski’s rule of five can be considered as potential antibacterial and anticancer bioavailable oral leads. Compounds 9 and 10 possessed maximum drug-likeness scores. The docking pose interactions of target compounds with the active site of enzyme PDB: 2ZCS of Staphylococcus aureus were estimated by using Autodock 4.2, to calculate the affinity, binding orientation of the ligand with the target protein and to explore the finest conformations. The target compounds, 7, 8, 9, 10, with protein, were loaded separately into Auto dock tools (ADT) and evaluated. The citrate conjugates, 8, 9, showed better docking scores with amino acids Lys17, Ser21, Val268, Lys273 and Arg171, Arg265, Val268, Val273 with the binding energy -5.70, -5.57 kcal/mol and dissociation constant 66.62, 82.13 µM respectively.
Towards a Stakeholder-Oriented Blockchain-Based Architecture for Electronic Health Records: Design Science Research Study
Authors: Beinke Jan Heinrich , Fitte Christian , Teuteberg Frank
Published: October 2019

Background

Data security issues still constitute the main reason for the sluggish dissemination of electronic health records (EHRs). Given that blockchain technology offers the possibility to verify transactions through a decentralized network, it may serve as a solution to secure health-related data. Therefore, we have identified stakeholder-specific requirements and propose a blockchain-based architecture for EHRs, while referring to the already existing scientific discussions on the potential of blockchain for use in EHRs.

Objective

This study aimed to introduce blockchain technology for EHRs, based on identifying stakeholders and systematically eliciting their requirements, and to discuss the key benefits (KBs) and key challenges (KCs) of blockchain technology in the context of EHRs.

Methods

The blockchain-based architecture was developed in the framework of the design science research paradigm. The requirements were identified using a structured literature review and interviews with nine health care experts. Subsequently, the proposed architecture was evaluated using 4 workshops with 15 participants.

Results

We identified three major EHR stakeholder groups and 34 respective requirements. On this basis, we developed a five-layer architecture. The subsequent evaluation of the artifact was followed by the discussion of 12 KBs and 12 KCs of a blockchain-based architecture for EHRs. To address the KCs, we derived five recommendations for action for science and practice.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that blockchain technology offers considerable potential to advance EHRs. Improvements to currently available EHR solutions are expected, for instance, in the areas of data security, traceability, and automation by smart contracts. Future research could examine the patient’s acceptance of blockchain-based EHRs and cost-benefit analyses.
The Effect of a Cellular-Enabled Glucose Meter on Glucose Control for Patients With Diabetes: Prospective Pre-Post Study
Authors: Bollyky Jennifer B , Melton Stephanie T , Xu Tong , Painter Stefanie L , Knox Brian
Published: October 2019

Background

Diabetes is a global epidemic affecting approximately 30 million people in the United States. The World Health Organization recommends using technology and telecommunications to improve health care delivery and disease management. The Livongo for Diabetes Program offers a remote monitoring technology with Certified Diabetes Educator outreach.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine health outcomes measured by changes in HbA1c, in time in target blood glucose range, and in depression symptoms for patients enrolled in a remote digital diabetes management program in a Diabetes Center of Excellence setting.

Methods

The impact of the Livongo for Diabetes program on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose ranges, and depression screening survey results (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2]) were assessed over 12 months in a prospective cohort recruited from the University of South Florida Health Diabetes Home for Healthy Living. Any patient ≥18 years old with a diagnosis of diabetes was approached for voluntary inclusion into the program. The analysis was a pre-post design for those members enrolled in the study. Data was collected at outpatient clinic visits and remotely through the Livongo glucose meter.

Results

A total of 86 adults were enrolled into the Livongo for Diabetes program, with 49% (42/86) female, an average age of 50 (SD 15) years, 56% (48/86) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 69% (59/86) with insulin use. The mean HbA1c drop amongst the group was 0.66% (P=.17), with all participants showing a decline in HbA1c at 12 months. A 17% decrease of blood glucose checks <70 mg/dL occurred concurrently. Participants with type 2 diabetes not using insulin had blood glucose values within target range (70-180 mg/dL) 89% of the time. Participants with type 2 diabetes using insulin were in target range 68% of the time, and type 1 diabetes 58% of the time. Average PHQ-2 scores decreased by 0.56 points during the study period.

Conclusions

Participants provided with a cellular-enabled blood glucose meter with real-time feedback and access to coaching from a certified diabetes educator in an outpatient clinical setting experienced improved mean glucose values and fewer episodes of hypoglycemia relative to the start of the program.
A Validation Study for Medical Research Based on Synthetic Hospital Data (Preprint)
Authors: Reiner Benaim Anat , Almog Ronit , Gorelik Yuri , Hochberg Irit , Nassar Laila , Mashiach Tanya , Khamaisi Mogher , Lurie Yael , Azzam Zaher S. , Khoury Johad , Kurnik Daniel , Beyar Rafael
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Privacy restrictions limit access to protected patient-derived health information for research purposes. Consequently, data anonymization is required to allow researchers data access for initial analysis before granting Institutional Review Board approval. A system implemented in our institution enables synthetic data generation that mimics data from real electronic medical records, wherein only fictitious patients are listed.

OBJECTIVE

This paper studies the validity of results obtained when analyzing synthetic data for medical research. A comprehensive validation process concerning meaningful clinical questions and various types of data was conducted to assess the accuracy and precision of statistical estimates derived from synthetic patient data.

METHODS

A cross-hospital project was conducted to validate results obtained from synthetic data produced for five contemporary studies on various topics. For each study, results derived from synthetic data were compared to those based on real data. In addition, repeatedly generated synthetic data sets were used to estimate the bias and stability of results obtained from synthetic data.

RESULTS

This study demonstrated that results derived from synthetic data were predictive of results from real data. When the number of patients was large relative to the number of variables used, highly accurate and strongly consistent results were observed between synthetic and real data. When small populations were accounted for, prediction was of moderate accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of synthetic data provides a close estimate to real data results and is thus a powerful tool in shaping research hypotheses and accessing estimated analyses, without risking patient privacy. Synthetic data enables broad access to data, including for out-of-organization researchers, and rapid, safe, and repeatable analysis of data in hospitals or other health organizations where patient privacy is a primary value.
Karakteristik sosial demografi dan konsumsi zat besi pada ibu hamil berdasarkan data Studi Diet Total (SDT) tahun 2014 di Indonesia
Authors: Amir Safrullah , Susetyowati Susetyowati , Farmawati Arta
Published: October 2019

Background: Pregnant women are the group most vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia. This occurs as a consequence of a significantly increased demand for iron intake during pregnancy. The efforts of pregnant women to compensate for the increased need of iron depend on various sociodemographic characteristics.Objective: To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and iron consumption of pregnant women in Indonesia.Method: This research is observational study design with cross-sectional approach using secondary data of the Total Dietary Study (SDT) year 2014. A total of 644 pregnant women inform the SDT study who met our inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed for their level of consumption using 24-hour dietary recall method. Data were then processed using Nutrisurvey software and Indonesian Food Composition Table (TKPI) to estimate the consumption of iron. Analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests by including various social demographic characteristics in pregnant women.Results: The results of this study found that level of education, employment status, economic status, and residence of pregnant women are significantly related to iron consumption (p<0.05).Conclusion: Pregnant women with high education, working status, middle to upper economic status, and living in urban areas have better iron consumption.