bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera against some common human pathogens
Authors: Ashraf Elsayed  , Ahmed Gebreil  , Amal Alyamani  , Auf A. Ahmad  , Yasser A. El-Amier
Published: April 2021

Calotropis procera (Oshaar, family Asclepiadaceae) is a species of flowering plant used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of C. procera aerial parts collected from Eastern Desert of Egypt (Wadi Hagul). The different extracts of C. procera aerial parts showed a significant antimicrobial inhibitory effect (P < 0.05) on growth of nine pathogenic bacterial using filter paper disc assay. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was carried out on water and different extracts. The present study indicated that this plant has a good inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (21.3 mm), Escherichia coli (22.5 mm),  and Staphylococcus aureus (21.6 mm). Moreover, methanol extract of C. procera exhibited wide broad spectrum (100%) followed by petroleum ether and water extracts (60%, each). Activity index (AI) illustrated variable antibacterial activities, that support the folkloric usage of medicinal plants for treatment of infectious pathogenic microorganism. The crude extract of C. procera showed adequate antioxidant activity, wherein methanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts have an IC50 value of 0.81, 0.88 and 1.09 mg mL-1, respectively. Therefore, phytochemicals from C. procera could be used as a raw material for producing cheaper pharmaceuticals, pesticides in addition to many more important commercialized products of public use.
Evaluation of Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Abdullah H Drewil  , Mohammed A Al-Bayati  , Arif S Malik
Published: April 2021

Chronic kidney disease CKD is widely prevalent globally and Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is very common among CKD patients and contributes to CV mortality which can be monitored by measuring the levels of indoxyl sulfate (IS). Study the correlation of indoxyl sulphate and the degree of left Ventricular hypertrophy in CKD patients. A case control study was done on 90 patients with Chronic kidney disease CKD, 45 of them with who were recruited the Imamian Al-Khadhemian Medical City and Baghedad Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between January, and September 2020. The levels of indoxyl sulfate and other parameters were measured in the serum of Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and compared with those with a no evidence of LVH) who considered as BMI and sex matched control group. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and an evidence of lift ventricular hypertrophy (LVH-CKD) group were significantly (p=0.001) higher than those of patients with chronic kidney disease without an evidence of lift ventricular hypertrophy (NLVH-CKD) and IS levels were associated significantly with the severity of LVH. The possibility to use IS as a marker for early diagnosis of LVH in patients suffered from CKD and it can be used to determine the severity of LVH in those patients.
THE SAPROPELS OF THE UPPER VOLGA-SELIGER LANDSCAPE AND LIMNOLOGICAL AREA TVER REGION
Authors: Цыганов Анатолий Александрович
Published: April 2021

В Верхневолжско-Селигерском ландшафтно-лимнологическом районе преобладают сапропелевые отложения биогенного и смешанного типа. На плёсах Селигера встречаются кремнеземистые среднезольные и высокозольные минерально-органические и органо-минеральные илы. В небольших и мелких озёрах района преобладают низкозольные кремнистые водорослевые сапропели. Сапропели кремнеземистого состава, содержат железа до 10 %, карбонатов - 1,5-3,0 %. Минерализация жидкой фазы составляет 1 г/л.

In the Upper Volga-Seliger landscape-limnological area, sapropel deposits of hilly-moraine landscape of biogenic and mixed type predominate. On the Seliger ples, siliceous medium-ash and high-ash mineral-organic and organo-mineral silts are found. In small and shallow lakes of the Seliger system, low-ash siliceous algae sapropels predominate. Sapropels of silica composition, iron up to 10 %, carbonates - 1,5-3,0 %. Salinity of the liquid phase is 1 g/l.
TOPONYM COMPLEX STUDY ENVIRONMENT MULTI-SHEET PLAN OF GIVING XIX V. OF VETLUZHSKY DISTRICT KOSTROMA PROVINCE
Authors: Щекотилов Владимир Геннадьевич , Шалаева Мария Владимировна , Щекотилова Светлана Николаевна
Published: April 2021

Предложена информационная и программная среда исследования комплекса топонимов многолистного плана дач на примере сел Новоуспенского и Хмелевицкого Ветлужского уезда Костромской губернии. Основой информационной среды является электронная карта объединения листов плана дач и геокодированные списки топонимов: населенные места, урочища, гидрография и другие. Основой программной среды является библиотека LeafLet на языке программирования JavaScript. Предложенная среда ориентирована на использование Интернета. Подход может быть использован для большого количества аналогичных многолистных планов дач XIX в.

The information and program environment of the study of the toponyms of the multi-leaf summer cottages is proposed using the example of giving of the villages of Novouspen and Khmelevitsky Vetluzhsky district of Kostroma province. The basis of the information environment is an electronic map of combining sheets of the summer cottages plan and geocoded lists of toponyms: settlements, lessons, hydrography and others. The basis of the software environment is the library LeafLet in the programming language JavaScript. The proposed environment is focused on the use of the Internet. The approach can be used for a large number of similar multi-leaf cottage plans of the XIX century.
THE PARTNERSHIP MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL BUSINESS: THE ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT, FEATURES
Authors: Штыков Дмитрий Викторович
Published: April 2021

Настоящая статья открывает собой цикл работ, посвящённых современным моделям и способам построения юридического бизнеса. В ней осуществляется общее ознакомление с партнёрской моделью развития юридического бизнеса, раскрываются её характеристики и понятие. Кроме того, сделан небольшой экскурс в историю развития юридического партнерства, а также приведены конкретные примеры современных юридических компаний, построенных на основе партнёрства и являющихся лидерами современного российского юридического бизнеса.

This article opens a series of works devoted to modern models and methods of building a legal business. It provides a general introduction to the partnership model of legal business development, reveals its characteristics and concept. In addition, a small excursion into the history of the development of legal partnership is made, as well as specific examples of modern law firms built on the basis of partnership and being the leaders of modern Russian legal business are given.
«ELECTRONIC» SUPERVISION OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE
Authors: Сапронова Тамара Петровна
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается деятельность прокуроров в рамках надзора в сфере правовой статистики, в том числе за достоверностью отражения в документах первичного учета сведений о характеристике преступлений, данных о лицах, совершивших преступления, органами, осуществляющими оперативно-розыскную деятельность и предварительное расследование. Раскрываются проблемы достоверного отражения субъектами учета преступлений, сведений о характеристиках преступлений и о лицах, привлеченных к уголовной ответственности.

The article examines the activities of prosecutors in the framework of supervision in the field of legal statistics, including the reliability of the reflection in the documents of primary accounting of information about the characteristics of crimes, data on the persons who committed crimes, by the bodies carrying out operational-search activities and preliminary investigation. The article reveals the problems of accurate reflection by the subjects of registration of crimes, information about the characteristics of crimes and the persons brought to criminal responsibility.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSES
Authors: Сладкова Алена Александровна
Published: April 2021

Объектом исследования выступают общественные отношения, складывающиеся в процессе классификации товаров в таможенных целях. Целью научной работы является рассмотрение некоторых практических аспектов выбора классификационного кода для различных категорий товаров. На основе общелогических методов исследования были выявлены особенности классификации наборов и комплектов, частей общего назначения и компонентов, используемых исключительно как составляющие определенного оборудования или механизма.

The object of the study is the social relations that develop in the process of classification of goods for customs purposes. The purpose of the scientific work is to consider some practical aspects of the choice of the classification code for various categories of goods. On the basis of general logical research methods, the features of classification of sets, general-purpose parts and components used exclusively as components of a certain equipment or mechanism were identified.
SPECIFICS OF THE USE OF ARBITRATION IN THE SETTLEMENT OF CORPORATE DISPUTES, COMPLICATED BY A FOREIGN ELEMENT
Authors: Чекулаев Сергей Сергеевич
Published: April 2021

Для организационного устройства и взаимодействия интересов участников корпоративных отношений необходимо их качественное регулирование, направленное на достижение консенсуса по всем спорным вопросам, и установление взаимовыгодного сотрудничества, осуществляемого путем нивелирования проблемных ситуаций, которые могут в большей степени усложнить исход дела. Эффективным способом урегулирования спора может быть применение состязательных процедур, среди которых важнейшей альтернативой судебному разбирательству является арбитраж (третейское разбирательство). В статье автором затрагиваются проблемные вопросы применения арбитража, определения преимуществ и недостатков; на основе действующего и зарубежного законодательства проводится анализ процедурных моментов третейского разбирательства, выделение общих характерных субъективных и объективных критериев арбитрабельности корпоративных споров.

High-quality regulation aimed at the organizational structure and interaction of interests of participants in corporate relations is achieved by consensus on all controversial issues, and the establishment of mutually beneficial cooperation, carried out by leveling problem situations that can complicate the outcome of the case to a greater extent. One of the most effective ways to resolve a dispute in this situation may be the use of adversarial procedures, among which the most important alternative to court proceedings is arbitration. The author examines the problematic questions of the application of arbitration, determining the advantages and disadvantages, on the basis of the current and foreign legislation, an analysis of the procedural side of the arbitration proceedings is carried out, the identification of general characteristic subjective and objective criteria for the arbitrability of corporate disputes.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF A LAWYER IN THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Замрий Олег Николаевич
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, которые были предметом обсуждения на Зимней школе «Юрист в XXI веке: взгляд в будущее».

The article examines the issues that were the subject of discussion at the Winter School: «A lawyer in the XXI century: a look into the future».
The Efficacy of Habits of Mind in the Inculcation of Self-Directed Learning Skills in Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Van Tonder Gideon Petrus , Bunt Byron John , Petzer Alvine , Bosch Hermann Davin , Van Deventer Nicolaas , Gerber Amanda , Van Schadewijk Lizelle
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which pre-service teachers were self-directed before implementing habits of mind as a teaching strategy. The researchers purposively focused on first to fourth-year BEd students. The sample consisted of 277 students who volunteered. A concurrent mixed-method triangulation approach was applied. Even though the students overestimated themselves in Williamson's self-rating scale of self-directed learning, the habits of mind positively affected developing various aspects of the self-directed learning process. Pre-service teachers recognised the importance of applying habits of mind, which will help them use their new knowledge in classroom practices and promote self-directed learning. Therefore, it is recommended that the future training of pre-service teachers be scaffolded around the habits of mind that will contribute to developing the teachers' ways of thinking, self-directed learning, and competencies. In addition, several habits of mind will support teachers in utilising and/or adjusting their prior learning to be open to or contribute to the construction of new knowledge. It is also recommended that habits of mind be infused into the current BEd curriculum in order to foster self-directed learning.
Cultural Language Learning Approach (CLLA): An Approach for Learners’ Integrated Language Use Acculturation
Authors: Hermayawati Hermayawati
Published: April 2021

The current development of English Language Teaching (ELT) is gradually shifting towards learning language skills in an integrated manner that do not use separated skills. It makes teachers look for the right approach to teach the desegregated four language skills. Accordingly, this project investigated the Students of Candidate English Teachers (SCET) learning process using the Cultural Language Learning Approach (CLLA) for acculturating their Integrated Language Learning (ILL) in use. It was an applied study involving 100 SCET consisting of 60 females and 40 males aged between 20-22 years. They were intervened purposely in the learning process, to be well-acculturated to guard their native cultures. Quasi-semester meetings were carried out online. A closed-questionnaire and in-depth observation were the data gathering tools employed in this study. The results were analyzed descriptively using learners’ engagement factors inspired by Lee, Song and Hong’s model and Sheppard’s scoring rubrics. The results revealed that 68.31 % of learners were engaged during their ILL process. Besides, in-depth observation achieved the same average score, namely 77 in each quasi-semester. Such scores were respectively categorized both in their learning engagement and achievement. Thus, CLLA can be used as an alternative approach to familiarize SCET with integrated language use in acculturating their ILL process. This study recommended further research on learners' ILL acculturation through different native cultures acculturation.
The Effect of Genogram Technique on Students’ Career Decision in MAN 2 Kota Makassar
Authors: Hidayati Dewi , Aryani Farida , Sinring Abdullah
Published: April 2021

This study is aimed to (1) describe the implementation of genogram technique in students’ career decision, (2) investigate students’ career decision, and (3) investigate the effect of genogram technique on students’ career decision. This study applied quantitative approach and implemented quasi experimental design as well as Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design to 20 samples. Data collection techniques applied in this research were career decision scale, observation, and interview.  This study implemented analytical statistic descriptive non parametric wilcoxon signed ranks test as data analysis technique. This study found that (1) there were low category of genogram technique implementation to affect students’ career decision in MAN 2 Kota Makassar before the treatment, while its high category found after the treatment, (2) students’ career decision in MAN 2 Kota Makassar was raised after genogram technique, and (3) genogram technique can increase students’ career decision in MAN 2 Kota Makassar.
The effect of reframing technique on self-awareness on learning of the 7th grade students
Authors: Zulfiana Andi , Aryani Farida , Jufri Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This study is aimed (1) to describe the self-awareness on learning of the 7th grade students, (2) to describe the implementation of technique reframing in affecting the self-awareness on learning of the 7th grade students, and (3) to investigate the effect of reframing technique on self-awarenss on learning of the 7th grade students. Quantitative approach was used in this study by implementing quasi experimental design and using Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design to 24 samples. Data collection techniques applied in this research were self-awareness scale on learning developed by the researcher, observation, and interview. Data analysis technique applied in tis study was independent samples t-test which was conducted through Statistical Product for Service Solustion (SPSS) version 24.0. The study found that (1) the self-awareness on learning of the 7th grade students before the treatment of reframing technique was in low category, while that after the treatment of such technique was in moderate and high categories, (2) the self-awareness on learning of the 7th grade students was increased after the treatment of reframing technique, and (3) reframing technique can increase the self awareness on learning of the 7th grade students.
Hubungan Antara Dukungan Keluarga dengan Resiliensi Dalam Menghadapi Indan (Utang Piutang) Pada Masyarakat Toraja
Authors: Sumule Widya Natasha Libertie
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan resiliensi dalam menghadapi indan pada masyarat Toraja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 orang rumpun keluarga Nonongan yang sudah pernah dan sedang menghadapi indan, yang diperoleh melalui teknik simple accidental sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala yang diadaptasi berdasarkan Resilience Quetiont (RQ) yang dibuat oleh Reivich dan Shatte (2002) dan skala dukungan keluarga yang diadaptasi berdasarkan teori dukungan keluarga yang dibuat oleh Friedman (1998). Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Product Moment Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan resiliensi dalam menghadapi indan pada masyarakat Toraja (rxy = 0,414, p>0,05) yang berarti bahwa semakin tinggi dukungan keluarga maka semakin tinggi resiliensi yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Toraja dalam menghadapi indan. Dengan demikian, hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima. Kemudian kontribusi dukungan keluarga yang diberikan dalam resiliensi pada penelitian ini sebesar 17,1% dan sisanya merupakan faktor lain.
Appreciative Inquiry Untuk Meningkatkan Sense of Community dan Partisipasi Pada Anggota Komunitas Ikatan Pemuda Pemudi Kampung Tengah di Sumbermanjingkulon
Authors: Rahma Uslarika Hida , Hadi Cholichul , Alfian Ilham Nur
Published: April 2021

Sense of Community dalam suatu komunitas sangatlah penting untuk menjaga keberlanjutan organisasi serta semakin mendorong proaktif anggota. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan Sense of Community dan partisipasi sosial anggota komunitas dengan pendekatan Appreciative Inquiry sehingga dapat melakukan perubahan organisasi secara positif. Komunitas IPPKT saat ini sedang mengalami penurunan keterlibatan anggota. Sehingga diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan anggota komunitas menggunakan Appreciative Inquiry yang terdiri dari 5 aspek antara lain, define, discover, dream, design, destiny. Metode penelitian tindakan ini yang dilakukan berhasil membuat anggota komunitas IPPKT diberbagai level berpartisipasi aktif mengidentifikasi hal-hal yang dibutuhkan dalam perubahan dan merencanakan langkah nyata dengan perasaan bangga dan termotivasi untuk melakukan perubahan dalam rangka mencapai keadaan yang diimpikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Appreciative Inquiry yang berfokus pada pencarian kekuatan berupa apa yang berjalan baik dalam menciptakan masa depan yang lebih efektif digunakan sebagai metode untuk melakukan perubahan dan pengembangan organisasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Appreciative Inquiry efektif dalam meningkatkan sense of community dan partisipasi sosial dengan nilai p= 0,000 < 0,05 dan nilai t sebesar 4,792 > 1,701 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi.
Early stimulation in female heads of household
Authors: García Lirios Cruz
Published: April 2021

The exploration of the structure of relations between variables that explain the process of early stimulation was the objective of the present work. A non-experimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 100 students, considering their participation in a family planning and entrepreneurship program. A composition of eight factors was found: values, beliefs, perceptions, knowledge, abilities, attitudes, intentions and behaviors that explained 45% of the total variance, but the design of the research limited the findings to the scenario suggesting the inclusion of factors that Literature identifies as parenting styles in terms of volitional theories.
IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY OF SHEEP EDILBAEVSKOY, SARYARKA AND KAZAKH FAT-TAILED SEMI-COARSE-WOOLED BREEDS ON THE BASIS OF THE USE OF LINEAR RAMS
Authors:   Kazakh research Institute of animal husbandry and feed production, ZHUMADILLAYEV N.K. , YULDASHBAYEV YU.A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KARYNBAYEV A.K. ,   South-Western research Institute of animal husbandry and crop production LLP, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of research on the use of linear sheep of edilbaevsky, saryarkinsky and Kazakh short-tailed semi-coarse breeds on the uterus of the non-tribal part of the herds in order to improve their meat productivity. The research was conducted on farms in West Kazakhstan and Karaganda regions. The average live weight of linear rams used in the experimental group of Queens and producers of the control group was 114 and 102 kg for the edilbaev breed, 99 and 93 kg for the saryarkin breed, and 95 and 91.5 kg for the Kazakh short – tailed semi – rough – haired breed. The average live weight of Queens of the experimental and control groups: 62.4 and 62.6; 57.4 and 57.2 kg and 53.2-53.0 kg. The results of research showed that in all variants of selection, the descendants of linear rams are born larger and become highly reliable by 4-4,5 and 16-18 months of age. The rate of meat production per uterus at the time of lambs weaning was 36.5-41.5 kg in the linear rams groups, or 5.2-5.7% higher than in the non-linear producers groups. When carrying out control slaughters of rams in 4 and 16 months. in terms of age, both in terms of slaughter indicators and meat qualities, the advantage was on the side of linear rams.The use of linear rams on the uterus of the non-tribal part of the sheep herds of edilbaevsky, saryarkinsky and Kazakh short-tailed semi-coarse breeds contributed to the production of young animals with a higher intensity and energy of growth in comparison with off spring from non-linear producers, which provided higher production of meat per uterus.
The Roles of Knowledge Management and Cooperation in Determining Company Innovation Capability: A Literature Review
Authors: N Purwanto Elan , T Sule Ernie , Soemaryani Imas , Azis Yudi
Published: April 2021

Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a research model derived from relevant literature to guide empirical efforts.

Background: Companies struggle to innovate, which is essential for improving their performance, surviving in competition, and growing. A number of studies have discussed company innovation capability, stating that innovation capability is influenced by several variables such as cooperation and knowledge management. Therefore, further research is necessary to identify factors playing a role in enhancing innovation capability.

Methodology: This study is based on systematic literature review. The stages are: (1) research scope review, (2) comprehensive online research, (3) journal quality assessment, (4) data extraction from journals, (5) journal synthesis, and (6) comprehensive report. The online research used Google Scholar database, by browsing titles, abstracts, and keywords to locate empirical research studies in peer-reviewed journals published in 2010-2020. Furthermore, 62 related articles were found, of which 38 articles were excluded from further analysis and 24 articles were selected because they were more related to the topic.

Contribution: The results of this study enrich the research in the field of knowledge management, cooperation, and innovation capability by developing a conceptual framework of innovation capability. The proposed theoretical model may be fundamental in addressing the need of a research model to guide further empirical efforts.

Findings: This study provides a research model derived from systematically reviewing relevant literature. The proposed theoretical model was done by incorporating the aspects of knowledge management, cooperation, and innovation capability. The model shows that knowledge management and cooperation are essential aspects of innovation capability. Furthermore, this study also provides the dimensions and sub dimensions of each variable that was established after synthesizing the literature review.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Business practitioners can use the identified predictors of innovation capability and the dimensions of each variable to explore their company’s innovation capability. They can also take the relevant variables into consideration when making policies regarding innovation.

Recommendation for Researchers: The theoretical model proposed in this study needs validation with further empirical investigation.

Impact on Society: Readers of this paper can obtain an understanding that knowledge management and cooperation are essential aspects to consider in enhancing innovation capability.

Future Research: Future studies should explore other dimensions of knowledge management and cooperation through alternative approaches and perspectives.
Individual entrepreneurship in the modern world: gender aspect
Authors: Pinkovetskaya Yulia S.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Our research was devoted to such a field of human activity as individual entrepreneurship. The experience of most countries shows that this activity has developed significantly in recent years. Research on individual entrepreneurship is relevant because it provides a justification for improving this type of activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate indicators describing the level of individual entrepreneurship in the total number of women and men who are emerging and beginning entrepreneurs in different countries. Materials and methods. The calculations were based on empirical data provided in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring project for fifty-nine countries. Economic and mathematical modeling was based on the development of normal distribution density functions. Results. The study evaluated three indicators describing the gender dimensions of individual entrepreneurship in 59 countries. The average values and ranges of changes in the considered indicators were determined, which are typical for most countries. In addition, national economies were identified that are characterized by high and low values of each of the three indicators. The study showed that there is a gender gap in the values of indicators in most countries. It is proved that the share of women involved in individual entrepreneurship in most countries is higher than that of men. The presence of significant differences in the values of the three indicators under consideration by country is shown. The comparison of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is carried out. Conclusion. The results obtained are of theoretical and practical significance for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in individual entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.
Clustering as an effective tool for managing small business development in a region with a special status
Authors: Suleymanova Tatiana A.
Published: April 2021

The article examines small and medium-sized businesses as the most important sector of the economy of the Lugansk People’s Republic. Foreign experience in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises under crisis economic conditions is studied. It is determined that in this direction success can be achieved as a result of clustering.
The author concludes that the merger of large enterprises with small and medium-sized businesses will contribute to the development of regional small business, and effective use of the resource potential of the Lugansk People’s Republic in conditions of certain territorial limitations. It is proposed to form a republican cooperation, which will allow to develop cluster structures in the region, based on flexible and individual concentration of enterprises, taking into account geographical features. It is mentioned that it is advisable to organize a regional cluster with a clear structure of a multifaceted process, where the chief participants are small and medium-sized enterprises, large enterprises, government bodies of the Lugansk People’s Republic, the scientific research sector, which interact via regulatory and resource support and use the multifunctional infrastructure of the cluster. The proposed structure of the regional cluster will contribute to the efficiency of small and medium-sized businesses and develop a synergistic effect.
The author has formulated a number of problems that hinder the development of cluster policy. To eliminate these problems, it is proposed to involve the clustering of small and medium-sized enterprises as an integrated process into the regional development strategy and the program of socio-economic development of the Lugansk People’s Republic to speed up the phenomena associated with institutional constraints in the creation and development of clusters.
Comparative Analysis of the Use of the Naval Forces of India and Pakistan During the 1971 War
Authors: Tatarkov Dmitriy B.
Published: April 2021

The destructive processes that are observed in the modern world, the crisis of the world order determine a new round of power confrontation both in the line of global and regional actors of world politics. There is an increase in armed confrontation, the desire to solve old, including territorial, problems by force. The study of the historical experience of the armed confrontation between India and Pakistan actualizes the problem of this paper.
The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the experience of the use of naval forces during military operations at sea in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, to identify the main factors that influenced the planning of naval operations, the course and results of combat operations at sea. The author used a narrative approach and a historical-comparative method to identify the evolution of ideas about the use of naval forces in the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1971.
The article highlights and examines the main factors and their impact on the training and use of naval forces during military operations at sea in the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1971. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the impact of the political nature of the war, its goals and scale, the views of the military-political and military leadership of India and Pakistan on the training and use of naval forces; the tasks that were solved by the fleets of the parties; the role and place of individual types of forces in solving certain tasks in the theater of operations.
To determine factors that directly affect the use of the naval forces of India and Pakistan in the 1971 conflict, the author analyzes the conditions in the Maritime theaters of war, the factors that have characterized the theater, and the impact of conditions in the theater on the planning and implementation of operations. The main sources are archival and analytical materials of the Ministry of Defense of India and the Ministry of Defense of Pakistan, memoirs of war participants.
Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School
Authors: Khubaeva Lana К.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the Vladikavkaz city Nikolaev school, which was opened in 1874. Documents preserved in the fund of the Public Schools Directorate of the Central State Archive (CSA) of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania indicate that the school was a male educational institution and the name of the school was named after Nikolai Ugodnik.
The school was originally a four-year school, later, in 1897, it was transformed into a six-year school. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Public Education and the Directorate of public schools in the Terek region.
On November 3, 1895, the Society for Aid to the Poorest Students of the Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School was officially registered at the school. The fact of the creation of such a Society testifies to the fact that the school was not intended exclusively for children of privileged classes.
The October Revolution made great changes in the educational system established by this period. Many schools have ceased to function. The same fate befell the Nikolaev School, but not immediately. The educational institution managed to prepare several generations of graduates who continued their education in higher educational institutions before and post-revolutionary Russia. The Nikolaev school entered the history of Vladikavkaz as a source of enlightenment, thanks to which dozens of young people who did not live not only in Vladikavkaz, but also those who entered here from remote areas of the region received education. The school existed until 1921, having survived two Russian revolutions and the period of the First World War.
Management of Student with Special Needs in Inclusive Schools (Case Study in the State Junior High School 30 Surabaya and Alam Insan Mulia Junior High School Surabaya)
Authors: Nur Baiti Rizka Rahma , Soedjarwo Soedjarwo , Purbaningrum Endang
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to determine the management of students with special needs in schools at State Junior High School 30 Surabaya and Alam Insan Mulia Junior High School Surabaya by paying attention to student management which includes: (a) student planning, (b) student coaching , (c) student evaluation and (d) student mutation. Based on the problems or case studies that occur, at State Junior High School 30 Surabaya and Alam Insan Mulia Junior High School Surabaya, the management of students with special needs has many problems such as a lack of cooperation between educators and inadequate management processes for students with special needs. The method used is qualitative research, with a type of case study because it aims to obtain in-depth data and information so that the aim is to determine the implementation of management for students with special needs. The subjects of this study were the principal, deputy principal of student affairs, school teachers, coordinator of inclusion, teachers and homeroom teachers as well as most students with special needs from each school. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study was an interactive analysis model consisting of three components, namely data condensation, data triangulation, data presentation and conclusion drawing.The results of research obtained at State Junior High School 30 Surabaya and Alam Insan Mulia Junior High School Surabaya show that the management of students carried out is mostly in accordance with the indicators in this study. The planning, coaching, evaluation and transfer processes are carried out in accordance with the procedures, vision and mission of the school and regulations of the education office. The inhibiting factors found were the lack of communication and cooperation between teachers, student coordinators with special needs and parents. This research is expected to be useful for researchers studying the field of inclusion and student management.
School Library Research Rocks
Authors: Beesoon Gooneshwaree , Branch-Mueller Jennifer L.
Published: April 2021

This research examined the state-of-the-art of research in school librarianship. Similar trends from previous research were confirmed: research in school librarianship is published in two major journals -- School Library (Media) Research and School Libraries Worldwide. Almost 80% of the research was carried out in the United States. There is a small core group of researchers working in the area of school librarianship. About half of all research is by a single author. The main themes from the research included collaboration between teachers and school librarian, technology integration, the instructional role of school librarians, professional development, analysis of materials, information literacy instruction, practices and assessment, hiring, professional development and retention of school librarians, use of multimedia resources, role of school librarians in the provision of health information, motivation of students, and research in other parts of the world.

Frameworks (Aharony, 2011; Koufogiannakis, Slater & Crumley, 2005; Mardis, 2011) were incomplete and the authors present a new framework for categorizing school library research, in particular, but also LIS research, in general.
School Libraries to Read the World
Authors: Conde Els
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to present the intervention of the School Libraries Network Program in establishing projects and enlarged partnerships that leverage and consolidate the role of libraries in communities and open the students' access to knowledge and learning beyond the school boundaries. In this context a few examples are given and we describe some of the cooperative projects developed by the Program with different partners, public and private, in areas related to students’ education and the construction of citizenship: reading, information, media, science, digital technologies, health, inclusion, heritage and others. These projects and partnerships are an important factor of strengthening, projection and sustainability of school libraries in the context of today's society and its new challenges.

O principal objetivo desta comunicação é apresentar o trabalho do Programa Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares (PRBE) no estabelecimento de projetos e parcerias alargadas que potenciam e consolidam o papel das bibliotecas na comunidade e ampliam as aprendizagens e o acesso dos alunos ao conhecimento para lá dos limites da escola. Neste contexto, são dados exemplos e descritos alguns dos projetos de cooperação desenvolvidos pelo Programa com diferentes parceiros, públicos e privados, relacionados com a educação dos alunos e a construção da cidadania nas áreas da leitura, informação, media, ciência, tecnologias digitais, saúde, inclusão, património e outras. Estes projetos e parcerias são um importante fator de fortalecimento, projeção e sustentabilidade das bibliotecas escolares no quadro da sociedade atual e dos seus novos desafios.
Information literacy as an advocacy tool by Indonesian school libraries: an APISI study
Authors: George Hanna
Published: April 2021

This paper is a longer version and further elucidation of the version written for IFLA Conference entitled The role of national associations in advocating for school libraries: The case of Indonesia” by the author and Diljit Singh. It will outline in more detail APISI’s study on information literacy. APISI is one of the nationally recognized library associations in Indonesia that has actively promoted information literacy as an advocacy tool. This paper will discuss APISI’s history, program and activities. It describes the sequential development of events and studies of information literacy conducted over the years highlighting the importance of school libraries in Indonesia and the significant role that school librarians play in information literacy, independent learning and responsible citizenship. The goal of APISI is to formulate a long term advocacy strategy to benefit school communities and all school library stakeholders.
The School Library, a New Space for Knowledge
Authors: Liquete Vincent
Published: April 2021

For fifteen years, educational actors (teachers, school librarians, academic advisors ...), among which the teacher librarian plays a major part in the Centers for Documentation and Information (CDI, school library ), have been teaching, evaluating, requiring students expectations on a supposed "cultural background" , commonly called “general culture” in French, supported by the educational institution and the social world. In a first part, we wish to define the question of an overall school culture and show how the school librarians have slowly claimed the development and support for a "Culture of information " for each student and, more broadly, each citizen. In a second step, we discuss the similarities, differences and links between “basic knowledge” and information culture. In which way are they similar, fundamentally different, what is specific and new in the “culture of information” for young people? In a third step, we frame the components of the culture of information, deeply rooted into culture and the digital developments of information. The culture of information is the field of curricula, educative actions and debates, revealing tensions within libraries, between school requirements and social expectations. In a fourth and final step, we will show and advocate for a dynamic conception of academic culture of information "in action", connected to the media and social events, in classrooms and school libraries, updating the weak links between general education and information culture.
School Libraries Dynamics
Authors: Mota Cláudia , Chaves Margarida
Published: April 2021

How can a school library shorten the distance between institutions, professionals, students and teaching methods? How can a Teacher Librarian and a School Libraries Inter-district Coordinator cooperate to conceptualize new strategies, expand students’ learning experiences and reinforcing their involvement with the school library? How important is it for students to engage in different reading activities with partners from other European countries? How can a “Reading Plus Project” evolve to a “National Merit Idea Project” and to a “Comenius Project”, where the role of the school library as an open door to intercultural competences is emphasized? How can we take advantage of the new technologies to modernize the school library and promote digital literacy? With this paper we aim to give an example of good practices in school libraries in Portugal, hopefully giving inspiration to others to overcome barriers inside and outside their country.
Moving your Library? Embrace the Challenge, Love the Opportunity!
Authors: Paterson Kris
Published: April 2021

The highs and lows of design, planning and moving an established school library into a brand new facility, designed for 21st Century teaching and learning at a boys’ high school. Consultation, collaboration, big picture planning, flexibility and a sense of humor will get you through!
Overview of activities of SHB
Authors: Paulides Ria
Published: April 2021

SHB started in 2003 as a Consortium in the same model of the Dutch University Libraries, but we are also School libraries. We balance between both sites. Our goals are: to buy (cheaper) licensees to digital content of professional and scientific literature; to give support of the position of the libraries in the organizations; to stimulate innovation and professionalism.Our opportunities are: to give access to digital collections; to support students (information literacy) and teachers (research, educational tools); to strengthen the influence to the school board (benchmark). In this paper we will give an overview of our results, the goals for the next years and how we’ll find the balance.
Politics of Making a New Space for School Libraries in South Africa
Authors: Karlsson Jenni
Published: April 2021

In this paper I consider the politics around the school library in South Africa and what is emerging during this postapartheid period of social transformation, to assess the politics of the 'new space' being produced through that transformation. This requires me to look back, through memories and images, at what was inherited from the apartheid era – an approach often criticised by embarrassed white South Africans who wish to be blinkered, and move on, ignoring our painful history, our roots. Then I revisit the process of formulating national regulatory policy for school libraries in South Africa, and try to understand the obstacles to its progress. My conclusions will point to what we might need to look for in the emerging policy for a ‘new practice’ and ‘new space' for school libraries.
Breaking Down Barriers Through the Creation of an International Digital Library for Children
Authors: Carlson Weeks Ann , Druin Allison , Bederson Benjamin , Hourcade Juan Pablo , Rose Anne , Farber Allison , Reuter Kara , Lee Juhyun , Guha Mona Leigh , Takayama Yoshi , White Jane , Anthony Jessica , Kahle Brewster
Published: April 2021

A research project, begun in the fall of 2002, expects to tap the potential of the Internet for breaking down barriers and building tolerance and understanding through access to exemplary children’s books from all over the world. The creation of the International Children’s Digital Library (ICDL) is the focus of a five-year project being conducted by the University of Maryland/College Park and the Internet Archive with funding from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS). This paper describes the project, discusses initial research findings and outlines the direction of ongoing research.

Jessica Anthony, and Brewster Kahle
Rendering a Comprehensive School and Community Library Service to Remote Rural Communities in South Africa by Forging Partnerships
Authors: Le Roux Sophia , Hendrikz Francois
Published: April 2021

Substantial backlogs in public and school library services in South Africa, especially in the previously disadvantaged, remote rural areas, compel library authorities to explore alternative, more cost-effective ways of library service delivery. This paper describes a South African study which investigated the variants of the school-community library model worldwide, with the aim of defining a South African prototype, which would satisfy the needs of a rural, tribal community. The paper also discusses how this prototype is currently being piloted in a rural, tribal area in the Mpumalanga province by forging partnerships with various stakeholders.
Reducing the Digital Divide
Authors: Singh Diljit
Published: April 2021

Technology offers great potential but can also create inequities and problems. One such inequity is the digital divide. The digital divide refers to the gap between those who can effectively use new information and communication tools, such as the Internet, and those who cannot. Those who are on the less fortunate side of the divide lose out in education, training, shopping, entertainment and communications opportunities. The causes of the digital divide are numerous, and include costs, access problems, lack of skills, cultural issues, and personal factors. As a result, reducing the digital divide needs to take a multi-faceted approach, which includes creating awareness and promotion, facilitating access, developing necessary skills, providing reliable support, developing suitable content, and ensuring community involvement. The mission of school libraries is threatened as long as the digital divide exists, and it is important that school libraries take steps to reduce this divide. These steps should include the approaches mentioned earlier, as well as using coordinated national, regional or local strategies, and collaborating with other organizations.