bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic performance evaluation of existing building using Seismic Index method
Authors: Kurniawandy Alex , Nakazawa Shoji
Published: March 2019

Indonesia has frequently suffered major damaging earthquakes over the past 50 years. There are thousands of buildings in earthquakeprone regions that require seismic evaluation and rehabilitation. This paper describes a study about the seismic evaluation of existing buildings using seismic index method based on a Japanese standard. The basic seismic index is calculated based on the criteria of strength and ductility. Two existing buildings have been evaluated in this research. The first building consists of five stories and the second one has four. The seismic index of the structure has a different value for each story. The minimum seismic index occurs on the ground floor, and the index increases as the number of stories increase. The top floor has the maximum seismic index of all stories. The structure’s seismic safety shall be judged if the seismic index (Is) is greater than the seismic demand index (Iso). As a result of the evaluation, buildings A, and B are in an unsatisfactory condition. Especially for the three lower floors of both of buildings. It is also confirmed by drift angle that they exceed the required limit. To sum up, evaluation by using Japanese standards can be applied to building conditions in Indonesia.
Self-consolidating mortar incorporating higher volume blended pozzolans for concrete repair
Authors: Jamil M. , Kaish A. B. M. A. , Sahari E. I. , Fong N. L. , Nahar L.
Published: March 2019

The challenge of repairing cracked or damaged concrete has been increasing worldwide. Several cement-based materials, such as ferrocement, fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM), and textilereinforced mortar (TRM), have been developed and used to address the aforementioned challenge. Self-consolidating mortar is required to accelerate structural concrete repair using cementitious composites (e.g., ferrocement, FRCM, and TRM). In this study, a high-strength selfconsolidating mortar is developed using higher-volume (50% by weight of cement) blended pozzolans. Experimental results exhibit potential in terms of flowability and strength. Therefore, this type of cementitious selfconsolidating mortar can be used to expedite concrete repair or strengthening using cementitious composites.
Comparative analysis and design of tower using diagrid, conventional moment frame and braced frame system of steel structures
Authors: Sukrawa Made , Pringgana Gede , Diva Tryatra Sanjaya Putu
Published: March 2019

The diagrid structure system has become an encouraging alternative for the construction of tall buildings partly because of the aesthetic reason. Structurally, the system also interesting because its diagonal intersecting members are capable of resisting vertical and lateral forces efficiently. This research compared the design of steel tower building using diagrid (DIA) system and the more commonly used systems, moment frame (MF) and braced frame (BF). Numerical modelling using finite element software ETABS were conducted to design a 10-story building of 15x15m with total height of 50 meters. The seismic behaviors of all models were compared under the same loading conditions. From the analysis results the DIA model showed superior seismic behavior followed by BF and MF. The DIA model was not only stiffer than the others, but also required smaller volume of steel.
Mechanical properties of porous concrete with variations of coarse aggregate gradation
Authors: Hazairin  , Desmaliana Erma , Herbudiman Bernardinus , Yudha Saputra Wira
Published: March 2019

Porous concrete is an innovation in sustainable concrete technology, which has high porosity concrete without fine aggregate. Porous concrete used in rain gardens, planter boxes, permeable pavements at urban open spaces could absorb rainwater so it can reduce run-off. This experimental study purposes to determine the compressive, split-tensile, flexural strengths, and permeability of porous concrete with various gradation of coarse aggregates. This study used a concrete mixture with coarse aggregate gradation variations of gap, continuous, and uniform on the water cement ratio of 0.4. The test specimens used three cylinders of 15x30cm for compressive and split-tensile strengths, except for uniform gradations used three cylinders of 10x20cm. Beam specimens of 15x15x60cm used for bending strength test by third point loading method. The tested mechanical properties are 7, 14, and 28 days-compressive strengths, 28 days split-tensile strength, and 28 days bending strength. The experimental results also show the average compressive strengths of porous concrete with variation of gradations of gap, continuous, and uniform for 28 days is 14.6 MPa, 13.0 MPa, and 10.6 MPa, respectively. Volumetric flow rate of porous concrete with gap, continuous, and uniform aggregate gradations is 28.4 ml/s, 32.1 ml/s, and 39.3 ml/s, respectively. The experimental results show that gap gradation is recommended due to its better compressive and flexural strengths. In porous concrete, aggregate gradations influence the air content. The highest air content results the lowest compressive strength of concrete. The designed air content should be controlled to maintain the expexted compressive strength of porous concrete.
GFRP-sheet strengthened RC beams after seawater immersion under monotonic and fatigue loads
Authors: Tata Arbain , Frederik Raffel Anthonius , Ihsan Muhammad , Djamaluddin Rudy
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyse glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement on reinforced concrete beams under fatigue and monotonic loads influenced by sea water. The research was conducted in the laboratory on flexural concrete beams with the quality of f´c= 25 MPa. One normal concrete flexural beam (BN) with repetitive load was without seawater and no reinforcement. One flexural beam was without sea water immersion but with GFRP-reinforcement. Another flexural beam reinforced by GFRP sheets is immersed in a pond containing seawater with time variations up to 12 months. The test was performed with a fatigue load of 1.25 Hz frequency to failure. The results showed an increase in capacity due to 58.3% for GFRP-reinforcement. There is a decrease in the capacity of GFRP sheet influenced by seawater immersion. The same trend with the decrease in ductility occurred in the flexural beam to 14% due to seawater immersion. Maximum beam failure repetition occurred at 1,230,000 cycles on beam with reinforcement (BF). The failure occurring in the flexural beam was preceded by the failure of the attachment between the concrete and the GFRP sheet at the load centre (mid of span) slowly to the support until failure (debonding) initialized. The GFRP-S bonding capacity to the concrete skin has decreased in 12 months by 15%. Therefore, there is a significant effect of decreasing strength due to fatigue loads and seawater immersion.
Experimental and analytical assessment of 60 m steel truss bridge
Authors: Alrasyid Harun , Navir Revani Afif , Irmawan Mudji , Suluch Munarus , E Putri Yusronia
Published: March 2019

The experimental test was conducted on a new 60 m Steel Truss Bridge at Lumajang East Java. The Purpose of the test to observe the actual condition of the bridge before use for regular traffic. The static and dynamic loading test were applied. For static loading 63% of live load was applied. Several test instruments were installed to record all data during testing. Seven stages of loading were performed during static loading test. The structural analysis also performed as comparison with the experimental result. The experimental test and analytical study showed that the Steel Truss Bridge provides good performance refers to current Indonesian code.
The flexural behavior model of bamboo reinforced concrete beams using a hose clamp
Authors: Muhtar  , Murni Dewi Sri , Wisnumurti  , Munawir As’ad
Published: March 2019

Bamboo can use at the simple concrete construction because of the tensile strength of its mechanical property. Meanwhile, a slippery surface of the bamboo caused cracks in the bamboo reinforced concrete beam (BRC) not to spread and yield slip failure between a bamboo bar and concrete. Load test at the BRC beam yield humble load capacity. This study aims to improve the capacity and behavior of BRC beam bending by giving waterproof coating, sand, and hose clamp installation. The beam test specimen with the size of 75x150x1100mm made as many as 26 pieces with the variety of reinforcement. The hose clamp used on the bamboo reinforcement varies with a distance of 0 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and 25 cm. The testing using a simple beam with two-point loading. The test results show that BRC beams have different bending behavior compared to the steel reinforced concrete beam (SRC).
Modelling of confined masonry structure and its application for the design of multi-story building
Authors: Sukrawa Made , Pringgana Gede , Ayu Ratih Yustinaputri Putu
Published: March 2019

The confined masonry (CM) structure has been commonly used in the construction of one-story buildings in Indonesia. Its application for multi-story buildings however, is not yet as popular as the alternative options. This research numerically investigated the behavior of confined masonry and its application for use as the main structure of multi-story buildings subjected to seismic loading. From the validation models it was revealed that, using shell element for masonry walls, reinforced concrete beams and tie-columns, the CM model mimic the load deformation curve of tested specimen better than that using frame and shell elements. The application of the modeling technique for the design of 3-story residential building using wall density index less than that suggested in the literature resulted in a safe and stiff structure. The wall stresses under design seismic load were still less than the wall strength and the drift ratio of the model was 0.06% much smaller than the limit of 0.2%. The maximum stress observed at the corners of wall opening justify the need for confinement along the opening.
Risk analysis on implementation of road maintenance project with STEPLE method in Badung, Bali
Authors: Bagus Rai Adnyana Ida , Ketut Sudarsana Dewa
Published: March 2019

In the implementation of the road maintenance project always risks arise. These risks have an impact on stakeholders related to the execution of the project, the community of road users and the surrounding environment. These risks need to be studied, managed, and assessed as a risk-mitigation effort for stakeholders. As the case study is the district road maintenance project, in Badung regency of Bali. Descriptive method used in the study. Identification of variable risk used STEPLE (Social, Technology, Economy, Politics, Legal, and Environment) method. The factors STEPLE is identified through literature review and brainstorming, then used as a questionnaire instrument. Respondents are experts involved in road maintenance projects in Badung regency. Risk assessment uses a risk assessment matrix. The results of the study found 36 risks. These risks are identified as dominant from the Technical variable that is 13 risks. Risk assessment found is 6 risks classified as unacceptable, and 30 risk classified as undesirable.
Study of the skills of construction labours in building construction projects in Padang City
Authors: Hidayat Benny , Novitasari Lilis , Ophiyandri Taufika
Published: March 2019

Labor is one of the most important elements of a construction projects. This is attributed to their role as technical workforce that involved in the construction projects from the start to the end of the projects. Therefore, the projects require a workforce with good competence. Competence of direct labor can be verified with certification. However, from National Statistics Beaureu (BPS) data indicates that less than 10% of direct labor has certification. This study aims to measure the level of competence of direct workforce skills and know the factors that cause the workforce does not have a skill certificate. This research uses an observation method and interviews with labor in the construction project. Validation of data is done by the triangulation technique. The results showed that the competence of labour in Padang City included in the good category. Factors impeding direct labor to certification are certification is not important in a construction project, and there is no requirement for a workforce to be certified.
Identification of design-build project risk factors: contractor’s perspective
Authors: Rostiyanti Susy , Bintang Koesalamwardi Ario , Winata Christian
Published: March 2019

Design-build in construction industry becomes one of the project delivery method selected by owner. Light rail transit, mass rapid transit, and stadium renovation are examples of large infrastructure projects which are constructed under design-build approach to save time. In this approach, the design and construction phases are carried out simultaneously by contractor. One of the advantages for owners is that most risks are transferred to the contractors. This paper attempts to discuss contractors’ perspective related to risk factors in design-build project. The aim is to understand potential risk that can lead to an unsuccessful project. A questionnaire is developed that contains six factors with 20 sub-factors related to project risks. The questionnaire is distributed and responded by both state-owned and private enterprises contractors that involved in design-build project. Data are analysed using Significance Indexes method in order to obtain the relative significance of the risk sub-factors. The result shows five influenced sub-factors including project and program management issues that may cause risk to the contractor’s success under design-build project.
Analysis of the acceleration of the time on the project showroom Nissan, office and workshop in Pekanbaru city
Authors: Adelia Tisya , Taufik Hendra
Published: March 2019

Completion time determination in project management is among the first and the most important in the process of planning because it can be the basis for the whole planning. Project completion delay result in the elongation of construction time thus it can inflict a costly penalty due to the delays. Project management so important for implementation a project for avoid problem that can create disadvantages for owner or contractor, one of the problems that commonly occur in a project is a estimated cost and timework isn’t fit with the planning. Project construction Nissan, Office and Workshop at Pekanbaru City were late from contract duration. Work can more fast with 3 ways, alternative overtime work, alternative add more manpower, and alternative shift system. The analysis conducted focuses on unfinished work. Only work with critical path in analysis. Analysis result obtained cost of construction acceleration that caused by overtime alternative is IDR 15,393,542.00 overtime implemented for 4 hours in a day. Workers additional alternative that adjusted by field requirement result is IDR 25,500,000.00 and shift alternative, construction acceleration that caused by shift alternative is IDR 38,940,000.00. In conclusion, the most effective construction acceleration method is overtime alternative, obtained the minimum financial loss and recommended to use for the construction acceleration.
Characteristics of masonry block that utilizes reclaimed asphalt pavement and waste cooking oil as the binder
Authors: Arya Thanaya I Nyoman , Karnata Mataram I Nyoman , Setiawan Bayu
Published: March 2019

The availability of natural aggregate is getting limited, therefore it is required new alternative materials to substitute natural aggregates. Within this experiment reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used as masonry block with waste cooking oil as the binder. The objective of this experiment was to analyze the RAP asphalt content and aggregate gradation; and the samples characteristics particularly the compressive strength of masonry block minimum of 25 kg/cm2 that meet the Indonesian national standard SNI-03-0348-1989. The asphalt content of the RAP was initially extracted and tested for its aggregate gradation and specific gravity. The RAP was added 20% sand and a certain amount of waste cooking oil and evenly mixed. After that the mixture was compacted in a mould with a Marshall hummer, with compaction cycles for 15, 25, and 35 times where each cycle consists of 3 even blows. The size of the compacted samples were 20x10x8cm. After the samples were taken out from the mould, they were heated in an oven for 12 and 24 hours at 160°C and 200°C. It was found that the minimum waste cooking oil content required 4%. The best compressive strength was found on samples compacted at 15 compaction cycles and heated at 200°C for 24 hours. The un-soaked compressive strength was 80.5 kg/cm2 and 68.67 kg/cm2 for the soaked samples. In general the compressive strength well met the minimum 25 kg/cm2. Other best characteristics was found on samples heated at 160°C for 12 hours, with lowest water absorption of 5.64% and porosity of 4.53%. The Initial Rate of Suction (IRS) was 0,25~0,45 kg/m2.minute.
A sustainable transportation: a literature study on park and ride in the Bandung metropolitan area
Authors: Annisa  , Herman  , Wiradinata Irvan
Published: March 2019

Traffic congestion has been a major transportation problem in developing countries as private vehicles ownership has been increased dramatically each year. To solve this problem, local authorities need to construct new roads as well as parking infrastructure to meet consumer demand. Park and Ride can be regarded as a transportation management concept that can solve this demand. Park and Ride refers to a transportation management concept where travelers transit from a private transportation (i.e. motorcycle, car, bicycle, and other private transportation modes) to a public transportation system (i.e. bus, tram, heavy railway, mass rapid transport, and so forth). Park and Ride is believed to reduce private transportation in the metropolitan area of a city. In addition, Park and Ride should be located near a public transportation station in the suburban area. Hence, travelers can easily transit from their private vehicles in the suburban area to commute to urban area by using the public transportation system. This research will focus on the study of Park and Ride development in Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. Park and Ride, as explained earlier, may offer a solution to a sustainable transportation in Bandung Metropolitan Area.
Analysis on critical gap for pedestrian crossing at Gandul intersection leg
Authors: Elia Purwanto Yohanes , Leni Siregar Martha
Published: March 2019

Pedestrian is one part of transportation system that its existence and importance should not be ignored in the transportation system planning process. Crossing facility at intersection which not equipped with traffic signal are high risk area for pedestrians. This paper discuss about gap that can be received by pedestrians when they will cross the road by analyzing the movement of vehicles in the traffic flow. Data are taken by video recording and direct observation on the intersection. The authors study and use several methods that have been used in previous literatures: Raff’s method, Harder’s method, and Wu’s method. The authors analyze and compare the results of those method to find which one is the most appropriate to the actual condition. The results show the value of critical gap from each methods and the factors which affect it.
Study of the technical guidance application on the specific allocation fund (DAK) for road infrastructure (2017): Case study in the Public Works Office of West Sumatra
Authors: Kurniasih Tuti , Martanto Adji Bayu , Ophiyandri Taufika
Published: March 2019

The specific allocation fund (DAK) is one of the central government programs used to provide the road infrastructure in regions of Indonesia. DAK 2017 used the technical guidelines for the implementation of the specific allocation fund in the infrastructure sector. The technical guidelines are a very important guideline in the implementation of DAK since the guidelines are composed according to the aim of ensuring the implementation or management of DAK for road infrastructure in accordance with the provisions, which should be orderly in their implementation and on target. A number of problems have been identified during the implementation: for instance, a low absorption of funds due to delays in the procurement process as well as changes in the organisational structure of DAK. Therefore, this research aimed to fill in the gaps in the issues in order to solve the problems encountered in the implementation of DAK for road infrastructure. This research was focused on the implementation of DAK in Payakumbuh, Bukittinggi, and Solok City, which are known as centres of economic growth in West Sumatra. They also support Padang city, the capital of the West Sumatra province. The study was mainly centred on the application of the technical guidance and any problems encountered. It was a qualitative research study and it applied the triangulation method as the validated approach. The results show that both Payakumbuh and Solok City have fulfilled the ten indicators of DAK implementation, on the other hand, Bukittinggi city can only fulfil nine indicators. In relation to the indicators of the handling program’s determination, the three other study sites did not apply what was instructed in the technical guideline in terms of conducting a survey to determine the road condition. In addition, these sites also did not send quarterly reports to the inspectors.
Stages of ICT implementation on buses and at major bus terminal in Indonesia for sustainable transportation
Authors: Caroline Sutandi Anastasia
Published: March 2019

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on buses and at major bus terminal in large cities in Indonesia is needed for sustainable transportation. Based on the existing condition of buses and major bus terminals, ICT implementation cannot be completed at one go, but needs to be done in different stages. The aims of this study are identification of existing ICT implementation, to determine the necessity and priority of ICT implementation based on passengers’ needs and to provide stages of ICT implementation on buses and at major bus terminals in Indonesia for the purpose of sustainable transportation. Case studies are carried on Trans-Sarbagita buses and at Mengwi major bus terminal in Denpasar, Bali and on Surabaya-Yogyakarta buses and at Purabaya major bus terminal in Surabaya, Indonesia. Five hundred and sixty-six passengers and the terminal authority are involved in this study. Data collecting method is questionnaire and interview. Important performance analysis is used in analysis. Results indicated that the stages are: 1) maintenance of existing ICT daily operations, i.e. CCTV and online-ticketing, 2) dissemination of existing and future ICT facilities to the society, 3) effort to implement ICT needed by passengers, 4) effort to implement ICT based on passengers’ priority, and 5) implementation of other advanced ICT in the future with financial support and the firm effort of local government, national government and industry, consistently and continuously.
The impact of heavy vehicle’s composition to traffic performance of Jakarta Intra Urban Toll Road (JIUT) in macroscopic level
Authors: Yusuf Nahry , Dilianda Wulandari Ismi
Published: March 2019

Freight vehicle access restriction policy in 2011 has had an impact on the performance of Jakarta Intra Urban Toll way (JIUT) system. The statutory segment (Cawang-Tomang) of this toll road system seems to have better performance, but not for the advisory segment (Cawang -Ancol). Basically, heavy vehicles (HV) shift their routes to the advisory segment to avoid the statutory segment at which they are prohibited to access from 05.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.. This study aims to investigate the impact of the HV composition on the traffic performance of the advisory segment of JIUT. Data were obtained from 48 hours of traffic recording at a part of Cawang-Ancol segment. It was found that the Underwood Model (exponential model) can represent the relationship between the three main parameters of traffic flow on the advisory segment, i.e. volume, speed, and density. Based on the developed traffic flow models which are classified on the HV composition, it is shown that the free flow speed (uf) for HV composition < 6% (i.e. 144.91 km/h) is higher 35.41% than the one of HV > 6% (i.e. 107.02 km/h). The actual road capacity (qm) in HV composition < 6% (i.e. 4442 pcu/hour) also higher 12.83% than the one of HV > 6% (i.e. 3937 pcu/hour). The results will benefit to the transport authority to justify the truck access restriction implementation.
Bayesian inference for extreme value flood frequency analysis in Bangladesh using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo techniques
Authors: Alam Md Ashraful , Farnham Craig , Emura Kazuo
Published: March 2019

In Bangladesh, major floods are frequent due to its unique geographic location. About one-fourth to one-third of the country is inundated by overflowing rivers during the monsoon season almost every year. Calculating the risk level of river discharge is important for making plans to protect the ecosystem and increasing crop and fish production. In recent years, several Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been proposed in extreme value analysis (EVA) for assessing the flood risk in a certain location. The Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) method was employed to obtain the approximations to the posterior marginal distribution of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model by using annual maximum discharges in two major river basins in Bangladesh. The discharge records of the two largest branches of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system in Bangladesh for the past 42 years were analysed. To estimate flood risk, a return level with 95% confidence intervals (CI) has also been calculated. Results show that, the shape parameter of each station was greater than zero, which shows that heavy-tailed Frechet cases. One station, Bahadurabad, at Brahmaputra river basin estimated 141,387 m3s-1 with a 95% CI range of [112,636, 170,138] for 100-year return level and the 1000-year return level was 195,018 m3s-1 with a 95% CI of [122493, 267544]. The other station, Hardinge Bridge, at Ganges basin estimated 124,134 m3 s-1 with a 95% CI of [108,726, 139,543] for 100-year return level and the 1000-year return level was 170,537 m3s-1 with a 95% CI of [133,784, 207,289]. As Bangladesh is a flood prone country, the approach of Bayesian with HMC in EVA can help policy-makers to plan initiatives that could result in preventing damage to both lives and assets.
Community-based erosion control model in Batur Lake zone
Authors: Nada I Made , Redana I Wayan , Dharma IG B Sila , Agung Yana A A Gde
Published: March 2019

Erosion control in Lake Batur area is community-based directed to maintain lake balance. The aims of this research is: 1) to obtain a community-based erosion control model, 2) to analyze the role of communities in the application of land management models, 3) to analyze other plant species in collaboration with the arrangement model, and 4) to analyze the impact of terraces blooming against sedimentation. This research is field experiments and surveys, and the sampling was conducted by purposive sampling with 64 samples. The socio-economic support data of the community was determined by 180 respondents by cluster sampling. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted through closed questions on a conventional scale. The characteristics of the lake were analyzed statistically and descriptively by using the SPSS tool. Land mapping was conducted by GPS method with GIS device. Prediction of erosion was by using USLE Model, while sedimentation was measured by the Stanford Sediment model. The analysis shows that the increase of settlement is averagely of 115.85%, plantation is 245.50% and the sedimentation level is 1,017,93 m3/year. Conclusions and outcomes were in the form of community-based terracing model that collaborate with elephant grass and vetiveria plants.
Hourly rainfall distribution patterns in Java island
Authors: Priambodo Sebastianus , Suhardjono  , Montarcih Lily , Suhartanto Ery
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, water resources management development not only sees from the side of excess or lack of water in quantity, but already includes aspects of quality, health, aesthetics, comfort and environmental sustainability. The problems faced by urban areas are the disruption of activities due to flood events. The opportunities for flooding depend on climate and global weather behaviour. The magnitude of the flood depends on the rain with certain characteristic that is generally seen from the intensity and duration of rain events. While the magnitude of losses due to floods depends on the magnitude of the flood and the level of economic development of the region concerned. This paper discusses the importance of understanding the short duration of rain characteristics as well as its response to flood discharge plans in both micro and macro-depleting systems in urban areas. With this understanding, it is expected that handling actions at various levels of the disaster cycle can be well anticipated so that the negative impacts that may arise can be minimized. Characteristic analysis of short duration rainfall is done by looking at the pattern of hourly rainfall distribution occurring in several rainfall observation stations in Java Island. The Mononobe equation is used to see the level of compatibility of the rainfall distribution pattern with RMSE, NMSE and MAE score indicators. The analysis results show the reliability level of Mononobe equation for the hydrology analysis in the location which has no short duration rainfall data.
Stream’s regime coefficient in upstream Rokan watershed of Riau Province
Authors: Lilis Handayani Yohanna , Siswanto  , Sujatmoko Bambang , Oktavia Gumi
Published: March 2019

Flood disaster in Rokan Hulu Regency often occurs every year. High streamflow conditions during rainy season as one of the causes of the flood. Stream’s Regime Coefficient (KRS) is the ratio of maximum and minimum discharge in a watershed that shows the watershed condition. The higher KRS means the worse the watershed condition. The study areas are located in the upstream Rokan watershed. Upstream Rokan watershed with the AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder) Lubuk Bendahara and Pasir Pangaraian in Riau Province were picked up as study area of this research. The results show the indicator of stream’s regime coefficient at Lubuk Bendahara AWLR valued 217.45 which placed on poor class and the indicator of stream’s regime coefficient at Pasir Pangaraian AWLR valued 38.25 which placed on good class.
The simulation of the observation data in predicting tidal patterns using the Admiralty method in Dumai’s harbour
Authors: Hendri Andy , Fauzi Manyuk , Ahmad Rosmiati , Ongko Andarsin , Almanna Fajri
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we have discussed the tidal analysis conducted using the Admiralty method with 15 days of tidal data as the research object. Due to the long tidal data period, the analysis was conducted in order to determine the proper time to collect the data for future tidal predictions. This data has to be adequate for its realisation in reality. The used data was collected from the Geospatial Information Association and the location of this research study was Dumai’s Harbour. The study started on July 13th, 2014 and ended on December 8th, 2014. For verification, the used data started from June 13th, 2016 and ended October 31st, 2016. From the 135 simulations, we determined that the magnitude of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 106.2. In order to produce well-predicted tidal results, the collection of the tidal data was best started during the phase of the crescent moon (which begins on the 24th based on the Hijriah calendar). On these dates, the RMSE reached the lowest value with a magnitude of 74.76. This result could be used as a reference when choosing the proper time to collect the observation data and also for predicting the tidal patterns at the location.
Effectivity of micro drainage system as part of macro drainage system: A case study of Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta
Authors: Kusumawardhani Ari , Sutjiningsih Dwita , Anggraheni Evi
Published: March 2019

Flooding is one of the problems that Jakarta faces every year. To handle the issue, the government took action to build the East Flood Canal. The canal construction is expected to reduce flooding, especially in the east and north region of Jakarta. However, the construction did not make the area immediately free of flood risk. Previous study (Susanti, 2017) showed that even with the existence of the East Flood Canal, potential inundations may still happen, specifically in the Cakung Lama area. In 2017, there were still several inundation points in the Sunter area, especially in Kelapa Gading. This research aims to identify the cause of inundations in the area by evaluating channel capacity in the micro drainage system in Kelapa Gading using hydrological model HEC-RAS 4.1.0 and WinTR. The simulation results showed that several channels in the system cannot accommodate the inflow, hence causing inundation in some areas in the Kelapa Gading area. According to the simulation results, it can be concluded that the micro drainage system in Kelapa Gading is not effective to accommodate the inflow.
The influence of aquatic buffer characteristic of Ciliwung River from the Katulampa Weir to Manggarai Water Gate on hydrograph characteristics of design flood
Authors: Luthfi Werdiantoro Naufal , Sutjiningsih Dwita , Anggraheni Evi
Published: March 2019

Increasing population in Jakarta leads to increased needs of settlements and their supporting facilities. To compensate, various methods are being undertaken, from utilization of open area to the riparian, especially in the Ciliwung River. This utilization results in the loss of riparian natural ability, which changes the river’s hydraulic condition. These riparian changes will significantly affect the roughness coefficient. The roughness coefficient is a value that is affected by channel irregularity, variation of cross-section, effects of obstructions, vegetation, and degree of meandering. Changes of the roughness coefficient will influence the velocity of the stream. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of riparian characteristics to the roughness coefficient that affects the stream velocity, which has impact on the peak time of the hydrograph. The peak time shift can be seen in the flood hydrograph characteristics of the Ciliwung River from the Katulampa Weir to the Manggarai sluice gate. Identification of Ciliwung riparian conditions at that segment is conducted by river routing. HEC-RAS 4.1.0 [1] application is used to obtain a design flood hydrograph at Manggarai Water Gate. To know the influence of riparian characteristics to roughness coefficient, HEC-RAS 4.1.0 simulation is done using existing and natural condition to compare the hydrographs between those two conditions. It obtains a lower peak discharge and extended duration of the hydrograph.
Screw driving sounding test; a new technology in soil investigation work particularly for soft soil
Authors: Marto Aminaton , Sakai Go , Suemasa Naoaki , Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus Nor , Norafida Jusoh Siti , Ahmad Kamarudin , Hatta Mohd Satar Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Screw Driving Sounding (SDS) test has been developed in Japan as the improved version of the Swedish Weight Sounding (SWS) test. The development of SDS is to reduce the drawbacks of the SWS with the integration of rod friction estimation. Deep boring with Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) together with soil sampling for laboratory tests have been the common procedure for determining the subsurface soil profile and geotechnical engineering properties. However, the SPT which is associated with deep boring, uses high fossil fuels, needs high skilled workers and expensive. This paper presents the SDS technology and the SDS test results in comparison with the existing SPT data from six (6) selected sites in Malaysia. Results show that there is a strong correlation between SPT and SDS data, and the soil profile is better identified using SDS than the SPT. It is predicted that SDS test has the potential to replace conventional soil investigation methods, particularly in soft soils area. It is not just fast, cheap and does not require highly skilled workers but SDS tests supports green technology and sustainability in construction. Quality results are guaranteed from the usage of Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology through automation in testing and making use of the cloud computing to manage the data.
Peat soils stabilization using lime-cement mixture to prevent peat fires
Authors: Muhardi  , Wibisono Gunawan , Febrie R Z Harist
Published: March 2019

Peat fires in tropical peatland causes significant damage to peatland ecology and the landscape. Peat fires are usually occurred during the regular dry season for agricultural purposes such as oil palm plantation. Peat soils is one of the problematic soils due to its high water content, low shear strength, high organic, low bearing capacity and high compressibility. Because of these problems, improvement method such as compaction and stabilization are important when the peat soils use as a soil foundation. This paper describes laboratory research done on strength for stabilized of peat to evaluate their different physical and mechanical properties mainly compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the California bearing ratio (CBR) test. Burning test was also conducted to observe the effect of stabilization of peat soils to prevent peat fires. The stabilizing agents used were 5% lime (CaCO3) and Portland Composite Cement (PCC). Different variation of PCC was used in experiments for the optimum variation. Optimum moisture content was taken 100% based on the other research. In UCS and CBR test, the highest of strength increase occurred in variations 15% PCC were equal to 59.44% and 100.17% respectively compare than the pure peat soils. While in burning test, stabilized peat soils has a burning point and ash point much longer time to start burning and completely become ash than pure peat soils. Stabilized peat soils can increase the burning process time and not easy to fire.
The effectiveness of canal blocking for hydrological restoration in tropical peatland
Authors: Sutikno Sigit , Nasrul Besri , Gunawan Haris , Jayadi Rachmad , Rinaldi  , Saputra Eka , Yamamoto Koichi
Published: March 2019

The Peatland Restoration Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRG-RI), an agency that is mandated to restore 2 million hectares of degraded peatland by 2020, has developed a 3-R approach towards tackling the problem based on the program of rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization of livelihood for the peatlands restoration in Indonesia. The Rewetting program that aims to rehabilitate hydrologically a peatland to a near natural state is carried out by canal blocking, canal backfilling, and construction of deep wells. To know the progress of the restoration activities by BRG, it is very important to understand the effectiveness of canal blocking on rewetting of the tropical peatland. The effectiveness of canal blocking was investigated through the monitoring of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuation around the canal block. This study was carried out at a canal block that is located at the peatland of Sungai Tohor Village, Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province. For monitoring of GWL fluctuation as the impact of canal blocking, five dipwells were set at the peatland that are perpendicular to the canal with the distance of 20 m, 70 m, 120 m, 170 m, and 220 m respectively. The results of this study show that the impact of canal blocking could raise the water table in the peatland at the radius of about 170 m from the canal. The radius impact of the re-wetting might be bigger or smaller, that strongly depends on the hydrotopography situation of the area.
Reaction kinetics for microbial-reduced mediator in an ethanol-fed microbial fuel cell
Authors: Evelyn  , Saputra Edy , Amri Amun , Marshall Aaron , Gostomski Peter
Published: March 2019

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging energy production technology which converts the chemical energy stored in biologically degradable compounds to electricity at high efficiency. MFC with added mediator can enhance the electron transfer from the microbes to the anode, and used to treat industrial waste gases. In this work, the rate of microbial-reduced mediator reaction at the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode in an ethanol-fed MFC was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and compared with linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The CV method provided a better estimation of the kinetic parameters than the LSV method due to low concentrations of the mediators used (0.2-1.0 mM), affecting the Tafel behaviours. All of the voltammograms indicated a quasi-reversible process for the anode reaction. The highest exchange current density(io)of 0.14±0.01 mA/cm2and the highest power output of 0.008 mW/cm2were obtained using 0.2 mM N′,N′,N′,N′-TMPD as the mediator. The MFC power density of 0.03 mW/cm2was achieved for 1 mM N-TMPD. Further increase in the power density (0.16 mW/cm2) was possible with carbon cloth electrode. The results of this study confirmed the advantage of a mediator for gaseous pollutant treatment and electricity production in a MFC.
Distribution analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) in Medan city with Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Suryati Isra , Khair Hafizhul , Gusrianti Deni
Published: March 2019

The development of industry and the increase of transportation mode are directly proportional to the decrease in air quality. Some important pollutants have a negative impact on human health and the environment such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Distribution of NO2 and O3 concentrations from various sources of emissions in urban areas will provide basic information in the determination of policies, programs and regulations related to air pollution control. This study aims to map and analyze the concentration distribution of NO2 and O3 pollutants in Medan City. This research was conducted by a manual sampling of NO2 and O3 at 12 (twelve) points in Medan City. The sampling of NO2 and O3 concentrations is using impinger and then analyzed in a laboratory. The results showed that NO2 pollutant concentration in Medan City ranged from 21.33-306.19 |ig/m3. Meanwhile, for O3 concentrations ranged from 19.7-205.8 |ig/m3. Mapping of NO2 and O3 concentration using Geographic Information System obtained area that has the highest concentration of both NO2 and O3 is in Sub District of Medan Belawan. Furthermore, efforts to control air pollution can be done by applying clean technology to industry and encouraging the use of mass transportation.
Pyrolysation of Pine Merkusii wood bark wastes to produce crude bio-oil using chrome-clay, cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative energy
Authors: Bahri Syaiful , Febrian Ramadhoni , Khairat Khairat , Muhdarina Muhdarina
Published: March 2019

In this research, bio-oil is produced from pine wood bark waste biomass through pyrolysis using Cr/ clay catalyst. This research aims to produce bio-oil from bark of pine with Cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative fuel. The effect of the ratio of catalyst Cr/ clay weight to biomass and influence of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay as catalyst were investigated. Then, the characterisation of physical and chemical characteristics of crude bio-oil produced were measured. For each of the pyrolysis runs, 50 g of pine bark having -100+200 mesh, the Cr/ clay catalysts having weight variations to biomass of 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, and then variation of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, were used. For any experimental run, 500 ml of silinap was added to the pyrolysis reactor as thermal homogenized aid. Pyrolysis process was carried out for 120 minutes at 320oC and having stirring speed 300 rpm. As a result, the greatest percentage of bio-oil yield of 65.77% was given of the run having Cr/ clay catalysts 7% and 3% of impregnated Chrome content. Characterisation measurement of bio-oil of physical properties was obtained as follows: density 0.812 g/ml, viscosity 0.902 cSt, acidity 7.626 mg.NaOH/gram, and flash point 31oC, respectively. In addition, the chemical characteristics of the bio-oil were obtained using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS): analysis found several chemical components as follows, such 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, Cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2-penthyl, Octadecanoic acid, 2-Pentene, 24.4-trimethyl, and Cyclohexane, 3- (3,3-dimethylbutyl).
Implementation of waste banks for reduction of solid waste in South Surabaya
Authors: Warmadewanthi  , Haqq Millati
Published: March 2019

Surabaya has become one of the cities in Indonesia with the largest volume of solid waste. One way to reduce waste generation in Surabaya City is through waste banks. The number of waste banks in Surabaya is 374 units since 2012, with 0.55 ton/day or a 0.05% reduction effort against total waste. The non-organic municipal waste potential that can be utilized is 40% and the total waste reduction for non-organic waste is 0.13%. The unit price of each type of solid waste is one of the main factors in people’s willingness to sell their solid waste. The higher the price of the waste, the more revenue they will earn. This research is focused in South Surabaya where the greatest number of waste banks is located. Based on typical mass balance analysis, the total waste that can be reduced is 20% for compostable waste and 18.24% for non-compostable waste. Meanwhile, based on research, the total waste is reduced by 10.16% for compostable waste and only 0.343% for non-compostable waste. The reduction potential occurring through the waste bank activities is 0.146% of the total generation of 237,801.9 kg/day. The reduction percentage needs to be increased so that the volume of municipal waste can be suppressed. Therefore, there must be an effort to improve the performance of waste banks or to increase the number of waste bank units.
Toward energy efficiency measures for design of the IDB-funded integrated classroom building in Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Hajji Apif M.
Published: March 2019

Under the support from the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) is going to build two-identical nine storey integrated classroom buildings. The buildings were designed to have green building certificate by proposing and fulfilling the requirements from the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) rating system. For design recognition (DR) phase, the system requires efforts and measures in energy efficiency. The paper analyses all design aspects and criteria included in the working drawings, technical specifications, and bill of quantities as provided in the buildings detailed-engineering-design (DED). The analysis covers the calculation of overall thermal transfer value (OTTV), artificial lighting, vertical transportation, and air conditioning system. By using energy modelling software, the OTTV for Building A and Building B, with 19,445.13 m2 of total floor area using VRF-AC system, are 31.78 W/m2 and 33.48 W/m2 respectively. The proposed annual energy use is 3510.90 MWh with the index of energy consumption is 180.55 kWh/m2 per-year. The results showed that by achieving 32.58% of energy efficiency, the DR of UM’s two classroom buildings is affordable to attain 11 points in the rating system.