bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salt lake at record levels
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Utah's Great Salt Lake rose 1.6 m between September 1982 and June 1983, the greatest seasonal rise measured in 136 years of record, according to a report published by Ted Arnow, chief of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources District Office in Salt Lake City. The lake, which continued to rise after Arnow wrote his report, rose 25 cm in December, a record for a 1‐month period. On January 1 the lake's height was measured at 1282.03 m above sea level, the highest since 1887.

The combined effects of above average rainfall in 1982, above average snowfall in the autumn of 1982 and the spring of 1983, and unseasonably cool weather during the spring of 1983 led to the record rise.
E.C. Bullard's first heat‐probe
Authors: Shor Elizabeth N.
Published: October 2011

Sir Edward Bullard in 1973 said to me, “Betty, I want to tell you how my first ocean heat‐flow instrument was made in the summer of 1949.” He was then on his annual 3‐month visit to Scripps Institution of Oceanography and knew that I was writing a history of the institution. Teddy (as he preferred to be called) was proud of his participation in measuring the flow of heat at sea. The instrument that he described that day never made a heat‐flow measurement, but it did establish the technique that has been used for more than 30 years.
Reply [to Comment on “The impact of VLBI and GPS on geodesy”]
Authors: Bossler John D.
Published: October 2011

I apologize to Dr. Perreault and Stanford Telecommunications, Inc., for my lack of precision in the subject article. A more proper statement would have been “The first receiver to become commercially available for centimenter‐level surveying is the Macrometer Model V‐1000 Interferometric Surveyor, manufactured by Macrometrics, Inc., of Woburn, Massachusetts.” We at the National Geodetic Survey are well aware of the important role played by STI in the development of the GPS system.
Planetary science budget
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The fiscal year 1985 budget for the solar system exploration program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is very promising (m/5Eos, February 14, 1984, p. 49). As announced by the Office of Management and Budget, the document includes a new start‐up program lor the MGCO (Mars Geoscience Climatology Orbiter) mission. Mixed in with the set of encouraging figures of NASA's Space Science and Applications budget plan, unfortunately, is the more uncertain area of funding that includes support for the Research and Analysis program. These programs seem to be less visible in the budget, but they include important components of the space science program. A large portion of these funds is provided to university scientists to support research at the highest levels of excellence.
Fusion energy breakthrough
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The physics of harnessing nuclear fusion as a heat source is not well known. No such power generator has been made yet and significant breakthroughs will be necessary before the concept is proven. All such advances in energy research are followed with keen interest by geophysicists. One such breakthrough was made recently at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in experiments with a model Tokamak fusion reactor.

The MIT experimental high‐field nuclear fusion reactor with the name of Alcator‐C experienced a large technological advance when its operating parameters exceeded the socalled “Lawson criterion,” one of the minimum requirements of a successful nuclear fusion power generator. The nuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium releases heat, but to make such a process workable for a power plant, there must be a sizable efficiency in the ratio of energy input to bring about the reaction to the thermal energy released by the reaction, and even this advance falls far short of the breakeven point. The advance is, however, a great step in the learning curve about fusion magnetohydrodynamic plasma systems.
USGS revises hazards criteria
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

New criteria and terms have been adopted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for issuing formal statements to government officials and the public about geologic hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.

The new, two‐category system comprises a formal notice, called a hazard warning, and an informal notification for forwarding relevant but less critical information to public officials.
Tectonics wins AAP Award
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU's newest journal, Tectonics, won the 1983 award for excellence in journal design and production given by the Association of American Publishers, Inc. (AAP), in the eighth annual professional and scholarly publishing awards competition. Edited by John F. Dewey, the bimonthly journal is a joint publication of AGU and the European Geophysical Society. Paul E. Tapponnier is the European editor and B.C. Burchfiel is the North American editor. The journal is now in its third year of publication.
upcoming Hearings
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121.
NOAA's service to research
Authors: Byrne John V.
Published: October 2011

I want to discuss two of the major areas of effort in which NOAA is engaged—service and science. There is a third area, management, where we have responsibilities for managing fisheries, marine and estuarine sanctuaries, and so on. But that is not the focus of my remarks today. I want instead to concentrate on NOAA's primary responsibility, service, and on some areas of NOAA research that underpin our service functions.
California Coastal Study
Authors: Plutchak Noel B.
Published: October 2011

SCAN AND INSERT ABSTRACT
VLBA: Earth science and astrophysics
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

New methods to extend current knowledge in plate tectonics and in astronomy will result from applications of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) project planned for continental scale (Eos, March 6, 1984, p. 84). Ten powerful radiotelescopes will be positioned as elements of the array extending from Puerto Rico to Alaska. According to a report of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Board on Physics and Astronomy, the antenna array will help investigators to “…grapple with the mysteries of quasars and galactic nuclei…[and]… will also prove useful in answering down‐to‐earth questions, including the ‘whys’ and ‘hows’ of earthquakes.”

The project, as listed in the Reagan Administration's current budget, will cost $50 million. Partial operation of the array could begin as early as 1987.
Committees review activities at December meetings
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Education and Human Resources Committee reported having approved participation in the Association for Women Geoscientist's (AWG) national survey. During the summer of 1983 the AWG designed a 75‐question survey targeted to women but also applicable to men. The survey consisted of five sections (in addition to such demographics as age, salary, education, job area, and society membership): feelings and attitude toward job, career/family balance, sexual harassment and discrimination, opinions on national energy and conservation policy, and attitude toward AWG. The questionnaire was mailed to AWG members (just over 1000) and to AGU female members (about 1300). Survey participants were asked to give copies to their male colleagues to create a comparison group. About 25% of the 800 responses were from men. The responses were split about 50/50 between AWG and AGU members. The Education and Human Resources Committee will have the results from the survey presented at their next meeting in Cincinnati, May 15.
Geoscience salaries up by 10.8%
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

According to a recent salary survey of over 4000 scientists in all fields by Research and Development (March 1984) geoscientists ranked fourth place for 1984. Mathematics, aeronautical engineering, and metallurgy had higher median salaries, but the discipline of geoscience had a higher median salary than that of physics, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, ceramics, chemistry, industrial engineering, biology, and other fields of research and development. The 1984 median salary for geoscientists was $40,950, up from the median value by 10.8%. In 1983, geoscience was ranked in ninth place.

The geoscientist profile for 1984 was not unusual. The median age was 47.5 years, and the median years of experience was 18. Geoscientists are the best educated. Eighty‐two percent of the geoscientists polled had advanced degrees beyond the bachelor's degree. Fifty‐six percent of the geoscientists had the Ph.D. degree.
Upcoming hearings
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. “TBA” indicates that no date has been set.
Mineralogy and Petrology Grant
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) is now accepting applications for its third biennial grant for research in mineralogy and petrology, which will be awarded in 1985. The grant is for $1500: There are no restrictions on how the money is to be spent, as long as it is used in the support of research.The only restriction on eligibility is that the grantee must be between 20 and 30 years of age.

The winner will be chosen by the MSA council next fall, based on the recommendation of a committee appointed by the society's president.
Tethered satellite opportunity
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Piano Spaziale Nazionale of the Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche of Italy (PNS/CNR) are inviting researchers to participate in the first three flights of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) on the space shuttle. The Tethered Satellite, a joint Italian/U.S. project, will deploy experiments in space at a distance of up to 100 km from the shuttle orbiter. Science instruments will remain tethered either upward or downward from the vechicle for approximately 16 hours at a time before being “reeled” back in. The first three missions, scheduled between 1987 and 1990, will conduct experiments primarily in the areas of space plasma, atmospheric, geomagnetic, and earth gravity physics.
Child care at National Meetings
Authors: Levien Louise
Published: October 2011

Is your participation in AGU meetings limited by the lack of child care facilities? Would you be willing to pay for such services? The AGU Education and Human Resources Committee surveyed a sample of members, and our findings were inconclusive. If your meeting attendance depends on the availability of daycare, please write a brief note to that effect, and send it to the committee at AGU Headquarters. If response to this request is sufficient, this committee will recommend that some action be taken.
Seismic cross sections of the upper mantle
Authors: Anderson Don L.
Published: October 2011

Surface wave tomography is being used to map the seismic velocity and anisotropy of the upper mantle on a global basis [Nataf et al., Anisotropy and shear‐velocity heterogeneities in the upper mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 109‐112, 1984].

The color figure shows cross sections of the upper 670 km of the mantle. (Note previous example published on the cover of Eos, April 17, 1984.) VSV is the velocity of vertically polarized shear waves, averaged with respect to azimuth. The orange regions are slow, presumably hot, regions of the mantle, although VSV can below due to crystal orientation, or anisotropy, as well as to high temperature. The ambiguity is removed by studying the anisotropy. The parameter XI is related to VSH‐VSV, the difference in velocity between the two polarizations of shear waves. Olivine crystals oriented with the fast axis in the horizontal plane would give positive XI. This would be the expected situation for horizontal flow. Vertical flow is expected to give negative XI for an olivine‐rich mantle. The cross sections for XI, with this interpretation, would be orange in regions of ascending and descending flow.
GRL new editor
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

William Lowrie of the Institut fur Geophysik in Zurich has been appointed as a coeditor of Geophysical Research Letters. He replaces K.J. Hsu on the editorial board.

Papers intended for publication in GRL may be submitted to any of the coeditors, whose names and addresses appear below. In most cases, the coeditor who receives a submission will arrange for review of the paper and will notify the author of revisions that may be needed. A submission should include four copies of the paper and the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of five suggested referees. A copy of the paper should also be sent to the Editorial Office in Ann Arbor, Mich., and another copy sent to the Publications Division of the American Geophysical Union in Washington, D. C.
New undersea research unit
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The first cold‐water activity under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Undersea Research Program will begin in the Gulf of Maine in August, according to NOAA Administrator John V. Byrne. The prime objective of the new activity will be to survey ocean dumping grounds and to study the productivity of the area's valuable fish resources. (The World Court is currently deciding on the fishing boundary between the United States and Canada in and around the Gulf of Maine.)

Detailed maps of dumpsites off Portland, Maine, and Boston, Mass., will be made, followed by an assessment of the effects dumping has on marine life. Dredge spoil is dumped offshore from Portland; a variety of material—from dredge spoil to munitions—is dumped off Boston.
Mapping the EEZ
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A cooperative, multi‐year program to map the largely uncharted Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), begun last month, has the potential for piggybacking scientific observations and research. On March 10, 1983, President Ronald Reagan proclaimed the mineral‐rich zone as the area between the U.S. shoreline and 200 nautical miles outward. The United States has sovereign rights for exploration, exploitation, conservation, and management of all living and nonliving resources within the zone.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will cooperate in the project that will map an area nearly twice the area of U.S. land. USGS responsibilities include definition of seafloor geology and definition of geological processes and resources, including sand and gravel, placers, phosphorites, manganese nodules, cobalt crusts, and sulfides (Eos, March 20, 1984, p. 105). NOAA, meanwhile, will be surveying, mapping, analyzing resources, and managing fisheries.
In Congress: Year of ocean
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

On June 8, the U.S. Senate passed a resolution (S.J.Res. 257) proclaiming the year beginning July 1, 1984, as the Year of the Ocean. The resolution has been sent to the House of Representatives for its consideration.

The resolution echoes the title and the objectives of the national celebration of the oceans and their products, slated to begin on July 1 with Ocean Day (Eos, April 24, 1984, p. 326). Specifically, the resolution requests President Reagan to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe such a celebration with appropriate activities.
The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption: Geological and Geophysical Data 1975–1976
Authors: Tilling Robert I.
Published: October 2011

In this decade, the devastating eruptions of Mount St. Helens in May 1980 and of El Chichón (Mexico) in March–April 1982, along with recurring signs of possible precursory activity at Long Valley caldera (California), have greatly increased public as well as scientific awareness of volcanic phenomena. Yet, even though the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (GTFE) in 1975–1976 was larger than any in the world thus far in the 1980s, it received scant notice outside the USSR because of its remote location in the Kamchatka Peninsula (off limits to westerners) and because initial reports of it were almost exclusively in Russian. This new book, edited by Fedotov and Markhinin, now makes available to the western world information regarding the GTFE, the biggest volcanic event in the 1970s. Moreover, it was the largest basalt eruption in the Kurile‐Kamchatka arc in recorded history and, on a global basis, the most voluminous outpouring of basalt since the 1783 Laki fissure eruption in Iceland.
Spring streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Rapid snowmelt and heavy rains caused one of the wettest Mays on record last month, although signs of a drier season were present in a few scattered areas, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior.

Reflecting overall conditions, the combined average daily flow of the nation's three major rivers was 36% above the long‐term average for May, the USGS said in its regular monthly report on the nation's water resources. These rivers—the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Columbia—drain more than half of the 48 conterminous states, and their flows provide a useful check on the general status of U.S. water resources.
The Scientific Management of Hazardous Wastes
Authors: Porter Keith S.
Published: October 2011

According to the jacket of this book, three independent scientists carefully define the limits of scientific knowledge applicable to the management of hazardous wastes. It is claimed that the extrapolation and application of this knowledge is examined, significant areas of uncertainty are identified, and the authors reveal “the fallibility of certain interpretations.” It would be more accurate to claim these as possible goals of the book rather than its accomplishments.

Chapter 1, Hazardous Wastes and Their Recycling Potential, includes 11 pages of lists of chemicals, some of which are poorly reproduced. The remaining pages describe, superficially, several recycling schemes. Connections between the chemicals previously listed and the recycling schemes are not given. Concerning the potential for recycling, the last sentence of the chapter reads, “Indeed, the concept of waste recycling, itself a contradiction in terms, is better politics than business.” Taken literally, this assertion itself contradicts venerable practice, as the farmer might observe as he transfers waste from his cows to the crops in his field. More pertinently, it can be argued that the recovery of solvents, metals, and oil from waste flows is much more than a political gesture.
Venus mapper resolution
Authors: Reichhardt Tony
Published: October 2011

NASA program managers for the Venus Radar Mapper (VRM) mission have decided to make improvements to the spacecraft's Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system that will increase its mapping resolution by one and a half times over the original design. The changes, including a doubling of the system's range bandwidth, will add a total of about $5 million to a project budgeted at $350 million. VRM is scheduled for launch toward Venus in April 1988 and will map more than 90% of the cloud‐veiled planet's surface during its 8‐month mission.

The decision by the VRM program office at NASA headquarters in Washington was based on recommendations from the mission's project office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. When VRM was included as a new start in this year's NASA budget, the stated goals for the mission were to provide a near‐global map of Venus at resolutions better than 1 km, or roughly equivalent to the resolution of the Mariner 9 mission that first revealed the geological richness of the Martian surface. The actual best radar resolution was to have been about 180 m (equivalent to an optical line‐pair resolution of 360 m) attainable for more than half the surface of the planet. VRM will travel an elliptical orbit and so will only be able to map the surface for a fraction of each day. The highest resolutions will come in the equatorial regions when the spacecraft is closest to periapsis and the radar “look angles” are the greatest.
Water in cirrus clouds
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Meteorologists from the University of Utah have discovered water droplets as cold as −36°C at the base of cirrus clouds, the coldest temperatures at which liquid water has been confirmed in clouds. Because earlier models of radiation transfer in the atmosphere had assumed that the clouds at cirrus‐layer altitudes (6,000–12,000 m) were composed only of ice crystals, the presence of liquid water may affect how these models are constructed.

A team led by Kenneth Sassen of Utah's Department of Meteorology used groundbased polarization laser radar (lidar) to detect the water droplets in a cirrus cloud layer approximately 8.2 km above Boulder, Colo., last October. By analyzing the polarization of laser light reflected from cloud particles, the lidar system can identify whether the cloud contains water or ice crystals and can provide information on the type and distribution of ice crystals within the cloud.
Greenhouse hydrology
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

A new report by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) takes predictions about life in the “greenhouse” future one step farther by analyzing the possible effects a build‐up in atmospheric carbon dioxide would have on the hydrologic cycle. While principal authors David Rind and Sergej Lebedeff of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York warn that their computer models are “only the first step in the process of planning for future changes,” they suggest that a greenhouse warming would cause “substantial changes throughout the hydrologic cycle.”

The study focuses specifically on changes in hydrologic conditions such as precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and runoff that would accompany a twofold increase in atmospheric CO2. The Goddard model produces an atmospheric warming of 4.1°C for this doubling, which is at the high end of the range predicted by National Academy of Sciences studies (Eos, November 15, 1983, p. 929, and August 17, 1982, p. 609).
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearing has been tentatively scheduled for the coming week by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, April 17, 1984, p . 159).
Beardmore Glacier proposals wanted
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Proposals for research projects to be conducted in the upper Beardmore Glacier area of Antarctica during the 1985–1986 field season are being accepted by t h e National Science Foundation (NSF) through August 15. Later proposal submissions should be discussed with the appropriate program managers (see below).

A temporary camp with helicopter support will be established in the region. Occupation by scientific parties will likely be between mid‐November 1985 and mid‐January 1986. Transportation in the field will be by UH1‐N twin‐engine Huey helicopters (with a range of approximately 185 km) and by motor toboggans. Satellite tent camps will be established within the range of the helicopters. The exact position of the main camp will be determined in November. Likely candidates, however, are Buckley Island Quadrangle, in the area of the Walcott Névé or the Bowden Névé, near Coalsack Bluff or Mount Sirius.
Donde va? An oceanographic experiment in the Alboran Sea
Authors:   The Donde Va Group
Published: October 2011

During June–October 1982 an international consortium of oceanographers studied the circulation of the western Alboran Sea in an experiment entitled “Donde Va?.” Although the English translation of this title is “Where does it go?,” our goals were more ambitious than the name implies. In this overview of Donde Va? we will discuss the oceanographic background of the region, the objective of the experiment, and the preliminary results.
From the incoming President of the Hydrology Section
Authors: Freeze R. Allan
Published: October 2011

On July 1 I began my duties as president of the Hydrology Section of AGU. I took over a healthy Section, recognized as the leading scientific society in the field of hydrology. I also am taking over a Section whose position within AGU is strong and influential. These two facts are a tribute to my predecessors, Peter Eagleson and J im Wallis. They have shepherded the Hydrology Section through an important period of technical and political growth, I will try to maintain the pace.

During my tenure as president I intend to use our new WaterWatch column as a means of communication with the membership. I hope to keep you informed on the technical and administrative issues that arise and also to use this forum to solicit your views on directions that you would like to see us take. As a first attempt at this type of interaction, I have prepared a questionaire, which appears below. If you have suggestions for technical sessions or Chapman Conferences, if you have views on the various AGU publication programs, or if you can suggest candidates for AGU awards, I urge you to fill out the questionaire and return it to me.
Sediment storage
Authors: Prestegaard Karen L.
Published: October 2011

The special session on “Sediment Storage in Rivers and Estuaries,” which was held at the AGU Spring Meeting, included 14 papers, most of which discussed an aspect of sediment storage in rivers. Two papers, one by Brush and another by Smith, Shoemaker, and Miller covered topics in estuarine sedimentation. In general, the papers in the session could be divided into two main categories: Papers that discussed long‐term sedimentation rates and methods of dating sediments, and papers that discussed locations and mechanisms of sediment deposition. Obviously, the time scale determines not only the methods of analysis, but also the scientific questions that are asked. This was demonstrated by the two summary papers. Meade discussed short‐term sedimentation rates and the role that channel morphology and slope play in determining sites of sediment deposition. Trimble presented long‐term models of sediment storage and erosion for different climatic zones.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The following hearing has been tentatively scheduled by the Senate. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).

September 24: Hearing on Antarctica by the Science, Technology, and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee. Room SD‐253, Russell Senate Office Building, 9:30 A.M.
Field methods for supporting groundwater chemical transport models
Authors: Molz Fred J. , Anderson Mary P.
Published: October 2011

The growing realization that many of the challenging questions regarding contaminant transport in groundwater must be resolved by careful field experiments, led to the convening of this symposium, which was sponsored by AGU's Groundwater Committee. The half‐day symposium was held during the recent spring AGU meeting and attracted around 150 individuals.

The 13 papers presented included five invited talks. A list of authors and complete abstracts can be found in Eos (65, April 17, 1984, p. 206). Three papers discussed the results of controlled field tracer tests performed at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratory and Borden landfill sites in Ontario, while three other papers covered tracer tests (one involving the use of heat as a tracer) at sites in Alabama and Illinois. One of the tests at the Chalk River site included the equivalent of 750,000 point measurements of iodine 131 during a natural gradient tracer test at distances as far as 40 m from the injection well. These papers demonstrated that dispersion in principle can be described by the classical advection‐dispersion model provided that accurate three‐dimensional velocity and permeability distributions are measured. When this is done, the resulting dispersivities are not scale dependent and are quite close to laboratory measurements. The papers also demonstrated that organic contanimants may be subject to chemical nonequilibrium processes during transport.
Maurice Ewing Medalist: Xavier Le Pichon
Authors: Ewing John I. , Le Pichon Xavier
Published: October 2011

Mr. President, fellow members of the American Geophysical Union, and members of the U.S. Navy, it gives me great pleasure to present the citation for the 1984 AGU/USN Maurice Ewing Medal, to be awarded to Dr. Xavier Le Pichon.

After receiving diplomas in several disciplines of geology, physics, and geophysics from the University of Strasbourg during the 1950s, Xavier came to the Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory as a visiting scientist where he put his knowledge to practice until 1968. In 1966 he received the Doctor of Sciences degree from the University of Strasbourg. Returning to France in 1968, Xavier spent the next five years at the Centre Océanologique de Bretagne in Brest where he founded the Research Group. From Brest he moved to the headquarters of CNEXO in Paris for 5 years and then to the University of Paris to found the new Laboratoire de Géodynamique. From his present position of professor at the university he will move next year to become director of the Geology Laboratory in the Ecole Normale Supérieure, one of the French Grandes Ecoles.
Grading acid rain research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The growing concern with the environmental effects of acid rain has spawned a number of study groups in recent years, and now the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) has released what is essentially a study of a study. In January 1982, White House Science Advisor George Keyworth asked William Nierenberg, Director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and a panel of nine scientists to conduct a peer review of three separate reports on acid deposition in eastern North America that had been turned in by U.S.‐Canadian scientific working groups.

Those studies had been requisitioned by a 1980 Memorandum of Intent between the United States and Canada regarding transboundary air pollution. Overall, the Nierenberg peer review panel was “impressed with the efforts of the United States‐Canadian Working Groups,” (labeled Groups 1, 2, and 3B), but it also found problems. While applauding the work groups' exhaustive search through the acid rain literature, the Nierenberg panel cited what they call an “overdependence on ‘soft’ literature,” or writings such as in‐house reports and personal communications, which are outside the publicly available (and carefully scrutinized) body of scientific literature.
New weather forecasting aid
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new, computerized weather analysis and display system developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is being used to provide air traffic controllers in Colorado with up‐to‐date information on weather systems that could affect aircraft within their control areas. The system, called PROFS (Prototype Regional Observing and Forecasting Services), was under development for four years at NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories in Boulder, and is undergoing operational evaluation at the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Denver Air Route Traffic Control Center in Longmont, Colo. FAA officials see the new system as a first step in upgrading the weather support services for the nation's air traffic control system. Originally created to help National Weather Service personnel with their forecasting duties (Eos, April 13, 1982, p. 233), the PROFS system was specially tailored for aviation use before being installed at the Longmont center. The system uses computers to process weather data from satellites, regional radar, wind profilers, a network of automated weather stations in eastern Colorado, and other sources, some of which are not normally available to forecasters. When this information is collected and formatted, weather personnel at the center can choose from several types of visual display on their terminals, depending on what information they require. The forecasters can then make printed copies of any display and distribute them within moments to controllers who use the information to alert air traffic to storms, wind shifts, and other weather disturbances.
W. Stanley Wilson: AGU Ocean Sciences Award
Authors: Mooers Christopher N. K. , Reid Joseph L. , Brewer Peter G.
Published: October 2011

The Ocean Sciences Section of the AGU recognizes W. Stanley Wilson for his unique leadership contributions to the emerging role of satellite measurements in oceanography. Through his persistent efforts the ocean sciences now stand on the brink of a new era that will merge conventional research techniques with new satellite technologies.

Stan completed his B.S. and M.A. degrees at the College of William and Mary. He spent three years as a research biologist in Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica before obtaining a Ph.D. in oceanography from The Johns Hopkins University in 1972.
World Ocean Circulation Experiment: Planning for a U.S. component
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A World Ocean Experiment (WOCE) to improve our description and understanding of the world ocean circulation is being planned. Technological and scientific developments of the last decades have made possible the serious consideration of such a global experiment to begin in the late 1980s. These developments include an increased understanding of the nature of ocean circulation and the sampling procedures needed to observe it, instrumentation for long time series measurements, numerical ocean models and high‐capacity computers to use them, improved methods for measurement of chemical tracers, the means for obtaining improved ocean measurements from vessels of opportunity, satellite technology that can observe both the primary atmospheric forcing and the oceanic response, and the realization that addressing global societal problems related to the ocean will require a coordinated, globalscale program of ocean observation and modeling.
Exclusive economic zone
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

Following President Reagan's declaration of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in March 1983, the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA) undertook a study to begin sorting out what implications the proclamation would have on existing and future oceans legislation and policy. As a result of this proclamation and the Reagan administration's earlier decision not to sign the Law of the Sea (LOS) Treaty, much discussion has centered around whether or not the United States should attempt to formulate a comprehensive package containing all oceans‐related legislation. According to the NACOA report “The Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States: Some Immediate Policy Issues,” most experts argue against such a move. NACOA agreed, recommending that a comprehensive oceans package is not needed nor even desirable at this time. Instead, NACOA argues, emphasis should be placed on assuring that existing U.S. ocean policy is “consistent” with the nondeep seabed provisions of the LOS treaty. NACOA is a Presidential advisory committee that conducts ongoing reviews of national oceanic and atmospheric policy and reports directly to Congress and the President.
TOGA Conference
Authors: Brooks David A.
Published: October 2011

A Conference on the Tropical Oceans and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Scientific Program was held in Paris during September 17–21, 1984. The purposes of the conference were to assess present knowledge about ocean‐atmosphere interactions in the tropics, particularly exemplified by the 1982–1983 El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, to present and discuss a draft scientific plan for the TOGA program, and to inform scientists and science managers about TOGA opportunities.

The TOGA program is a specific project within the World Climate Research Program, and its principal aim is the study of the coupled system constituted by the tropical oceans and the global atmosphere. The motivation for TOGA arises from the evident connection between global‐scale variability of atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies and from the growing evidence that this connection can be simulated and ultimately predicted on time scales of months to years.
Creating comets
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

Late next month, if all goes as planned, the “world's first artificial comet” will be created when a satellite stationed(110,000 km deep in space, just outside the Earth's magnetosphere, releases a cloud of barium ions. The phenomenon—a bluish‐white, 600‐km long “cloud” that should be visible to the naked eye for about 10 minutes — will provide scientists with some clues about how the solar wind affects comet tails. The experiment is one of several in a three‐nation, three‐satellite study of the solar wind, comets, and the magnetosphere.
GRL editors: 1986”1988
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The leading rapid publication journal in the geophysical sciences is seeking candidates to succeed James C.G. Walker, whose term as editor‐in‐chief ends December 1985. AGU also seeks candidates to succeed the five regional editors: Rob Van der Voo, North America; Gaston J. Kockarts and William Lowrie, Europe; Tetsuya Sato, Asia; and Kurt Lambeck, Australia.

AGU President Charles L. Drake has appointed a committee to recommend candidates for the 1986–1988 term. Resumes of those interested in serving in these influential and prestigious posts or letters of recommendation from those who wish to suggest candidates should be sent by February 15, 1985, to GRL Editor Search Committee, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009.
International Water Center
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The urban district of Nancy and the Town of Nancy, France, have taken the initiative of creating an International Center of Water (Centre International de l'Eau à Nancy—NAN.C.I.E.) in association with two universities, six engineering colleges, the Research Centers of Nancy, the Rhine‐Meuse Basin Agency, and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The aim of this center is to promote research and technology transfer in the areas of water and sanitation. In 1985 it will initiate a research program drawing on the experience of 350 researchers and engineers of various disciplines who have already been assigned to research in these fields. The research themes, the majority of which will be multidisciplinary, concern aspects of hygiene and health, the engineering of industrial processes, water resources, and the environment and agriculture. A specialist training program offering five types of training aimed at university graduates, graduates of engineering colleges, or experts, will start in October 1984.
Selected papers in hydrologic sciences
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A collection of short topical papers providing significant results of hydrologic studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, has been published as “Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences, Volume 1” (Water‐Supply Paper 2262). Edited by Eric L. Meyer, “Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences“ is a new journal‐type publication that will be a part of the existing U.S. Geological Survey Water‐Supply Paper series. The “journal” is aimed at meeting the widespread public and professional interest of the hydrologic community in timely results from hydrologic studies derived from federal research programs, federal‐state cooperative programs, and some work done on behalf of other federal agencies.

This first volume, comprising eight papers, addresses a broad array of topics covering sediment chemistry, pesticides, toxic metals, and streamflow characteristics. Included are papers on a technique to measure oxygen in the root zone of saturated and unsaturated soils; measurement of surface runoff and collection of sediment samples from small areas; organic carbon in volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens, Washington; organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl in the Schuylkill River, Pennsylvania; interference of cadmium carbonate precipitation in the determination of cation exchange separation factors; confidence limtis for determining concentrations of tracer particles in sediment samples; determination of aquatic humic substances in natural water; and use of channel cross‐section properties for estimating streamflow characteristics.
Scientific instrumentation
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF), through its College Science Instrumentation Program (CSIP), is now accepting proposals from qualified undergraduate colleges or consortiums for the purchase of laboratory and instructional equipment. CSIP provides matching support from $5,000 to $50,000 for acquisition of new state‐of‐the‐art instructional scientific equipment or renovation, replacement, and upgrading of existing equipment. The deadline for submission of proposals is January 11, 1985. All fields of science and engineering are eligible for the grants.

Proposals will be evaluated on the basis of performance competence, intrinsic merit, utility, or relevance of the project, and effect on the infrastructure of science and engineering. Evaluation and processing of proposals will require approximately 6 months.
New hydraulics laboratory
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The DeFrees Hydraulics Laboratory was opened in June 1984 as a 500‐m2 addition to the former hydraulics teaching laboratory in Cornell University's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Total laboratory space is now about 800 m2 and is dedicated to basic and applied research and teaching in hydraulics, fluid mechanics, and hydrology. Three major equipment installations are in progress: a 33‐m wave tank with a random wave generator for coastal/ocean engineering research, a 24‐m wind‐water tunnel for stratified flow and interfacial transfer research, and a 24‐m tilting flume for open channel turbulence and sediment transport research.
Space‐based Earth science to be reviewed
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) has begun a study of agency roles in space‐based earth science research for the next decade, 1985–1995. The study will be made on the basis of discussions with policy‐level personnel at eight federal agencies, as well as with working scientists and other standing earth science committees.

According to Richard Johnson, OSTP Assistant Director for Space Science and Technology and chairman of the evaluation, the study will involve “fine‐tuning agency roles” in the space‐based earth sciences. “Further definition” and “providing a clearer statement of what their roles are,” said Johnson, “will improve the stability of funding” and should help avoid the “peaks and valleys” seen in the past.
Quaternary Period in Saudi Arabia: Volume 2
Authors: Memon Bashir A.
Published: October 2011

Owing to rapid socioeconomic growth during the last 2 decades, the development of groundwater resources has been given priority in Saudi Arabia's development program. All through this period there have been intensive field studies, data collection, analyses, and interpretation related to the geology and hydrogeology of the region, the results of which have been presented in the form of tremendous amounts of field notes, maps, and accompanying explanations and regional technical reports written by government experts, university educators, and consulting engineers. This vast amount of available scientific and technological knowledge about geology, geomorphology, climatology, and hydrogeology of Saudi Arabia needs compilation. The authors of the various topics contained in this book have taken the lead in compiling, in an authoritative way, information which is extremely broad and interdisciplinary.
Caltech receives $70 million for telescope
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has received a gift of $70 million to build a 10‐m optical telescope, the world's largest, to be situated atop a 4145‐m‐high ridge on Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii. The gift—said to be the largest private gift ever donated for a scientific project—was made by the Keck Foundation, an organization founded by the late W. M. Keck, an oil wildcatter and founder of Superior Oil Company.

The new telescope will be able to see up to 12 billion light years away and will be used to study ancient galaxies and the structure of the universe. The facility will also have infrared capabilities for research on new stars forming in our galaxy.
Searching for planets
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the University of Arizona have signed an agreement to initiate a program designed to search for new planetary systems outside our solar system. The program would include an Astrometric Telescope Facility, which, if approved by Congress, would be carried aboard NASA's proposed space station that is planned for launch sometime early in the 1990's.
New Water Watch Editor
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The new Eos editor for hydrology is Ivan Johnson, a water and soils engineering consultant from Arvada, Colo. He succeeds Mary Anderson, the editor for the last few years and the initiator of the special WaterWatch section in Eos. In taking over the job, Johnson stated, “I look forward to the assistance of all members of the AGU Hydrology Section in providing me with papers, meeting summaries, and news so I can maintain the excellent quality of reporting started by Mary.”
Kimberlites I: Kimberlites and Related Rocks. Kimberlites II: The Mantle and Crust‐Mantle Relationships
Authors: Albee Arden L.
Published: October 2011

These volumes open with a tribute to academician Vladimir Stepanovich Sobolev, who died several days before the opening of the Third International Kimberlite Conference at Clermont Ferrand, France. V.S. Sobolev made major contributions to the field of kimberlite and upper mantle petrology throughout his lifetime and did much to spark the renaissance in this field that led to these conferences.
New ODP Drillship JOIDES Resolution
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

After a successful shakedown cruise in mid‐January, the JOIDES Resolution, the new drillship of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), was put to work on the first leg of its 10‐year research mission. The objective of the first cruise, Leg 101, is to study the evolution of the Bahamas carbonate platform, a large area of coral reefs and sediments east of Florida. Specific investigations include changes in worldwide sea level, climatic studies, paleogeography, the uplift and downdrop of the seabed, and changes in sediment distribution on the flanks of the carbonate platforms.
Women oceanographers
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The number of female physical oceanographers holding Ph.D's will grow by at least 15% this year when three female oceanography graduate students at Florida State University (FSU) receive their doctorates, according to James J. O'Brien, FSU professor of meteorology and oceanography and editor of the Oceans section of the Journal of Geophysical Research. The students (see Figure 1), Ruth Preller, Germana Peggion, and Sirpa Hakkinen, have all completed requirements for the doctorate degree.