bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Complexity of Inheritance: A Comparative Analysis of the Distribution of Inheritance in Islamic Sharia and the Civil Code
Authors: Abdillah RM Imam , Guspita Devika Rosa , Arief Eddi Rudiana
Published: October 2024

The division of inheritance is a complex and important issue in society. This study aims to compare the system of inheritance distribution in Islamic Sharia and the Civil Code. The research method to be used is literature study and document analysis. The main findings of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the differences and similarities between the two legal systems. This research can make a new contribution in highlighting the complexity of heritage in the legal and social context in Indonesia. This study aims to compare the system of inheritance distribution in Islamic Sharia and the Civil Code. The division of inheritance has importance because it is the process of dividing the deceased property for the heirs. However, the process of inheritance distribution is complex because there are differences in the system of inheritance distribution between Islamic Sharia and the Civil Code. Therefore, this study will review these complexities and provide a deeper understanding of the differences in the division of inheritance between the two legal systems.The research methodology used in this study is a comparative research that takes the example of the inheritance distribution system in Islamic Sharia and the Civil Code. Data for this study were collected through a literature study, using documents such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and the Civil Code as primary sources. This study found that the system of inheritance distribution in Islamic Sharia and the Civil Code has significant differences. In Sharia, the main principle is fair and balanced, with categories of heirs including husbands, wives, sons, and daughters. However, in the Civil Code, the main principle is the freedom to manage inheritance, with categories of heirs including husbands, wives, sons, daughters, parents, and siblings. The number of inheritance shares is also calculated based on the differences in those systems. The implication is that the inheritance sharing system can affect individual rights and family relationships, as well as have different social and legal impacts in Indonesia.
Technology and Household Harmony: A Fiqhiyah Study on the Use of Mobile Phones in Marriage
Authors: Agustina Ria , Mahardita Gempur , Gunawan Wawan
Published: October 2024

This article examines the relationship between mobile phone use, household harmony, and fiqh perspectives. In this article, we will briefly explain the main points related to the use of mobile phones in marriage and how fiqh can be used as a framework to analyze this issue. This article discusses the use of mobile phones in marriage and its relationship with domestic harmony from a fiqh perspective. Highlighting concerns about the negative impact of mobile phone use on household harmony, the article also explains that responsible cell phone use can provide benefits in facilitating communication, strengthening the marriage bond, and accessing information that is beneficial to the relationship. However, excessive or inappropriate cell phone use can lead to harassment, partner abandonment, and the risk of infidelity. Therefore, this article also provides guidelines for responsible cell phone use in marriage, including setting boundaries, avoiding distractions at important moments together, and seeking professional help if needed. Further research on the impact of fiqh on mobile phone use in interpersonal relationships is also recommended.
Efforts to Improve the Quality of Education in Remote Areas through the Teacher Driving Program
Authors: Dewi Ai Deudeu Maria , Hidayat Ade , Rusdin Rusdin , Rasid Rasid
Published: October 2024

Education in remote areas in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as limited access, infrastructure, and human resources. The Driving Teacher Program launched by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) aims to improve the quality of education in remote areas. This article aims to analyze efforts to improve the quality of education in remote areas through the Teacher Driving Program. The Teacher Driving Program is one of the concrete efforts to improve the quality of education in remote areas in Indonesia. Through this program, it is hoped that teachers can play an active role in creating significant changes in supporting the progress of education in remote areas, so that they can have a positive impact on improving the overall quality of education. Education in remote areas in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as limited access, infrastructure, and human resources. The Driving Teacher Program was launched by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) as an effort to improve the quality of education in remote areas. This article aims to analyze efforts to improve the quality of education in remote areas through the Teacher Driving Program.
The significance of biowaste drying analysis as a key pre-treatment for transforming it into a sustainable biomass feedstock
Authors: Barajas Godoy Fernando Damián , Martínez-Cinco Marco A. , Rutiaga-Quiñones José G. , Buenrostro-Delgado Otoniel , Mendoza Jose
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the drying kinetics of fruit and vegetable peel biowaste using a sustainable technique as a key-pretreatment for its conversion into useful feedstock. Biowaste represents a missed potential source of bioenergy and bioproducts, but moisture removal is required, and conventional drying methods are expensive since they require great quantity of energy supplied, almost always, by a non-renewable energy. In this study six batches with the same quantity of biowaste, and heterogeneous physical composition were dried under open-sun conditions. We evaluated the influence of the interaction between drying area and the initial moisture content on drying rate. Eight semi-theoretical models were fitted using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to predict drying rate, and their accuracy was assessed through goodness-of-fit tests. Maximum moisture content to preserve biomass (10%) was reached on 5th day and the equilibrium on 16th day of drying. According to goodness-of-fit test (R2 = 0.999, χ2 = 4.666 × 10−5, RMSE = 0.00683) the best model to predict drying rate was Two-term model. The mathematical model obtained from Fick’s second law is reliable to predict drying kinetics, R2 (0.9648 ± 0.0106); despite the variation between drying area and initial moisture content. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that drying rates between batches are not significantly different (p = 0.639; 0.05); nor effective diffusion coefficient (Deff = 4.97 × 10−11  ±  0.3491 × 10−11), (p = 0.723; 0.05). The study of drying kinetics is crucial for selecting the optimal biowaste treatment based on its generation context. This could enable its use as feedstock for bioproduct or bioenergy production, thereby reducing waste accumulation in landfills and environmental impact.
The role and underlying mechanisms of irisin in exercise-mediated cardiovascular protection
Authors: Guo Wenhuang , Peng Jianwei , Su Jiarui , Xia Jingbo , Deng Weiji , Li Peilun , Chen Yilin , Liu Guoqing , Wang Shen , Huang Junhao
Published: October 2024

Irisin, a product of the post-translational processing of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a novel myokine which is upregulated during exercise. This hormone not only promotes the transformation of white adipose tissue into a brown-fat-like phenotype but also enhances energy expenditure and mitigates fat accumulation. Its role is crucial in the management of certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes and heart disease. Of note, the type of exercise performed significantly affects blood irisin levels, indicating the critical role of physical activity in regulating this hormone. This article aims to summarize the current scientific understanding of the role of irisin and the mechanisms through which it mediates cardiovascular protection through exercise. Moreover, this article aims to establish irisin as a potential target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Performance Evaluation of Fireproof Paint and Spray-Type Fireproofing Materials via Heating Experiments
Authors: Kang Hyun , Kweon Oh-Sang
Published: October 2024

Various strengthening methods are applied to ensure the fire resistance performance of structures. Specifically, steel-framed structures should be fireproofed as they are relatively less fire-resistant than concrete structures. In general, sprayed fireproof materials and fireproof paint are widely applied to improve the fire resistance of steel structures. Fireproof paint improves fire resistance performance by forming an air insulation layer on the surface of members along with volume expansion due to chemical reactions during a fire. This in turn delays the rate of flame temperature transfer to the steel members. In the case of spray-type fireproofing materials, the fire resistance performance of structural members is improved by the insulation performance of the material itself without physical changes. In this study, the fire resistance performance of refractory materials (fireproof paint and spray-type fireproof materials) was experimentally evaluated with respect to exposure temperature, and the differences in insulation performance with respect to each material were confirmed. Additionally, based on the experimental results, the necessity for improving the performance certification system of current fireproof materials was suggested.
"Dialéctica" en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración
Authors: Zamora Zaragoza José Antonio
Published: October 2024

La Dialéctica de la Ilustración se encuentra en el epicentro de todas las disputas en torno a la Teoría Crítica. Para la mayoría de sus intérpretes es el reflejo de un estado de ánimo provocado por el fascismo, la II Guerra y el genocidio. Una manifestación de filosofía negativa de la historia, que solo tuvo sentido como provocación, pero ya no nos sirve para interpretar ni aquel momento, ni el presente. ¿Es posible retornar a esta obra con provecho? En este artículo se analiza el concepto de dialéctica que encontramos en el título. Cómo se llegó a él y cuál es su verdadero significado. Con ello se ofrece una contribución que ayude a resolver algunos de los malentendidos que todavía existen sobre esta obra clave del siglo XX.
Reseña del libro: Dispositivos neoliberales y resistencias de Rodrigo Castro Orellana
Authors: Ramos Pérez Gonzalo
Published: October 2024

Reseña del libro: Dispositivos neoliberales y resistencias de Rodrigo Castro Orellana
Reseña de La razón de los afectos: Populismo, feminismo, psicoanálisis, de Roque Farrán
Authors: Gorriti Jacinta
Published: October 2024

Reseña de La razón de los afectos. Populismo, feminismo, psicoanálisis, de Roque Farrán Jacinta Gorriti
In search of inclusions, refl and answers. Optical microscopy of minerals, organic substances and gemstone
Authors: Fedorov A. V.
Published: October 2024

Practical gemology is based on the study of purely optical properties. These include, first of all, the use of the capabilities of modern optical microscopy. The light microscope is the main instrument for examination. The use of microscopy as a tool involves a number of tasks - determining the optical nature of materials; study of microstructure and surface texture; fixation, diagnosis and evaluation of inclusions. Optical microscopes provide the basis for the integration and use of more complex instruments for research purposes, expanding research capabilities.
The crypt complex «city of the dead» in the Dargavs village (North Ossetia) is a witness to the late medieval earthquake in the Caucasus
Authors: Korzhenkov A. M.
Published: October 2024

During the study of the crypt complex near the Dargavs village in North Ossetia, seismic deformations were detected in some burial structures. The presence of only a few damaged crypts among the many relatively wellpreserved burial structures indicates that a significant earthquake took place at the very beginning of the functioning of the burial ground. Its local seismic intensity was VII-VIII points. The age of the earthquake is the XVI century. The data obtained will help to supplement the catalog of strong earthquakes in the Caucasus and clarify the assessment of its seismic hazard based on longterm seismic data.
Gastrointestinal Ultrasound in Dogs: Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Fontoura da , Fonseca Marco Aurélio Ferreira da Silva , Borges Giselle Sales , Costa Daniel Vieira , Lopes Mariana Moreira , Oliveira Iago Martins
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate, through a scientometric analysis, the scientific production of studies related to intestinal ultrasonography in dogs. For this purpose, using the Web of Science database, articles published between 2014 and 2023 were selected. The initial screening of the studies resulted in the selection of 103 papers, of which only 10 were included in this research after evaluating the criteria related to the theme and methodology used. Data collection consisted of gathering information on publication date, authors, journals, countries, keywords, document type, areas of knowledge, objectives, institutions, and relevant information on the subject. The results show a cycle of 3 publications up to the year 2021, as well as keywords related to the topic but aligned with other areas, such as neonatology. Other findings included the identification of 48 authors, two articles restricted to the topic, greater participation from Italian universities in the publications, and a main focus on intestinal ultrasonography. It is concluded that this study is of great importance, as it provides greater transparency and open access to scientific research.
Household Level Determinants of Wheat Packages Adoption in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kidane Hagos , Abraha Berhe , Asfaw Mehari , Hagos Hadush , Tesfay Gereziher , Melaku Tedros , Brhane Gebru , Teklay Zeberhe , Abadi Teklemariam , Tekle Luchia , Teklay Ykaalo , Gebreslassie Tsegay , Amare Haileslassie , Emru Desalegn
Published: October 2024

Wheat has been considered as one of the strategic food security crops in Ethiopia. A number of research efforts have been done by different research institutions to improve the production and productivity of the crop and as a result a number of wheat production packages has been released and promoted all across the country, including Tigray. Yet, in Tigray, there is no adequate evidence on the adoption status of wheat packages and their determinant factors. Hence, this adoption study was initiated with the objective to analyze the status of wheat packages adoption, and determinant factors for further adoption. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 493 households from five wheat growing districts of the region. Data were collected through the administration of semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive statistics and Multivariate Probit (MVP) model. The descriptive results described that, the average wheat packages adoption status was 67%, of these only 17% of farmers adopted all five packages. The result of MVP model revealed that sex, age, livestock size, extension services, average plot distance, off-farm income source, farmer perception on his status and credit access were the determinant factors which facilitate/and/or hinder wheat packages adoption in Tigray. Thus, the policy and development interventions should focus on improving institutional support and wealth creation opportunities to improve production and productivity of wheat producer farmers in Tigray.
Impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) on Yield & Economics of Toria in Rain-fed North Eastern Coastal Plain Zone of Odisha
Authors: N.K.Jena  , Behera K. , Giri P.M. , Jena M.K. , Patra A. , Sahu S.
Published: October 2024

Toria is one of the most important oilseed crop after harvest of Kharif rice in rainfed areas of Balasore district of Odisha. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Balasore conducted Cluster Front Line Demonstration programme on Toria during Rabi 2019-20 to assess its impact on yield and income gap through scientific cultivation practices. The study was conducted in four villages of the district covering 180nos. farmer to find out the extension gap, technology gap, technology index and economic indexes of the crop before and after the intervention. The study revealed that, average yield of 8.5q/ha was obtained in the CFLD plot which was 44.06 per cent higher than the farmer’s practice. Similarly, the technology gap, extension gap and technology index were found to be 1.5q/ha, 2.6q/ha and 15 per cent, respectively. The average gross income in demonstrated plot was found to be Rs.34840/ ha as compared to Rs.23420/ha in farmers practice. Likewise, average net income of Rs.17040/ha was found in demonstration plot while it was Rs.8420/ha in farmers plot. The Benefit-cost ratio was found to be 1.96 in the demonstration plot which is higher as compared to 1.56 at farmer’s practices. The Study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Balasore to analyze the yield gap of Toria (Brassica campestris var. toria) through Cluster frontline demonstration in North Eastern Coastal Plain Zone of Odisha.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Power and Secondary Metabolites Contents of the Crude Compounds of Talinum triangulare (Talinaceae)
Authors: Florence Koffi A. , Jeanne Koffi A. , Dominique Tano K. , Ange Konan , Constantin Okou O. , William Yavo
Published: October 2024

Talinum triangulare is a food plant recognized for its nutritional properties and therapeutic virtues. This plant is used in particular in Daloa (Central-West Ivory Coast) by naturotherapists, for the treatment of malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of Talinum triangulare leaves and to determine their content of secondary metabolites. Two methods in vitro were used for this evaluation: reduction of the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and reduction of the ABTS+ cation radical (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid).
The results show that the IC50 could not be determined for the 70 % aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts with the DPPH test, while it was respectively 0.9 and 2.3 mg/mL for the fractions dichloromethane and aqueous. Regarding the ABTS+ radical-cation reduction test, the dichloromethane fraction showed a higher percentage of inhibition (41.59 %) compared to the aqueous fraction (40.59 %), while the aqueous fraction was a little more important than the hydro-ethanolic extract at 70 % (38.29 %). Among the four compounds tested, only the aqueous extract presented a relatively low percentage of inhibition (25.51 %).
Spectrophotometric analysis revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, polyphenols and total tannins, at varying concentrations. These results could support the traditional use of Talinum triangulare in the treatment of malaria.
Assessment of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Genotypes for Temperature Tolerance Based on Temperature Induction Response (TIR) Technique
Authors: Parveen S. Isha , Shanthi P. , Reddy C. V. Chandra Mohan , Madhusudhana R. , Umar Shaik Nafeez , Latha P.
Published: October 2024

A novel temperature induction response (TIR) technique in Sorghum was standardized as sub lethal i.e. challenging temperatures of 38-56oC (for 5 hours) and lethal temperatures of 57oC (for 3 hours). Using this standardized TIR protocol, highly thermo tolerant genotypes were screened from 27 sorghum entries (parents and hybrids). Amongthem, 104A, M 35-1, PVK 801, 104 A x R 91012, 104 A x PVK 801, AKMS-66-2A x SPV 2758 and AKMS-66-2A x SPV 2468 showed the highest thermo tolerance ability in terms of 75.0 to 87.0 per cent seedlings survival and lower reduction in root and shoot growth. These entries have intrinsic heat tolerance and they can be explored as donor source in breeding programmes aimed.
Effect of Standard Physical Exercises for Non-specific Low Back Pain Combined with Multimodal Osteopathy Treatment on Pain Intensity and Functional Capacity: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Razera , Hort Julia Picinini , Bezerra Lívia Amaral , Neto Hugo Pasin , Biasotto-Gonzalez Daniela Aparecida , Politti Fabiano
Published: October 2024

Aims: The aim of the proposed study is to determine the effect of a standard treatment for non-specific low back (CNSLBP) combined with multimodal osteopathy treatment on pain intensity and functional capacity.
Materials and Methods: This will be a blind randomized clinical trial, with 44 patients with CNSLBP, randomly assigned into two groups: Experimental group (EG) treated with therapeutic exercises and multimodal osteopathy treatment (n=22) and Control group (CG) treated with therapeutic exercises (n=22). Participants will receive treatment twice a week (total of 16 sessions). The primary outcome is pain, measured by numeric rating scale (NRS: score 0-11 points). Secondary outcomes are: Patient-specific functional scale (scored from 0 to 30), Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), finger-to-floor distance test (FFD). Participants will be evaluated pre- and post-treatment and after 1 and 3 months (follow-up).
Results: Analysis will be by intention to treat using linear mixed models. Comparisons between groups before and after treatment will demonstrate whether osteopathy treatment exerts a supplementary effect on pain and functional capacity in patients with CNSLBP. The data will be published after the study is completed. The study will support the practice of evidence-based physical therapy for individuals with CNSLBP. This protocol was registered (NCT06566144) and received ethical approval (CAEE: 6.275.345).
A Comprehensive Review on Biomarkers for Osteoarthritis: Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy and Prognostic Insights
Authors: Amanze Ngozi , Oguntuase Oluwaseun Abayomi , Mowo-wale Adetola , Goswami Roshan , Cepeda Luis Fernando Jimenez , Osahon Ehimwenma Norense , Aziz Hafsa , Nour Maryam , Ogbu Uzoamaka Amara , Muñoz Genesis Marie , Okafor Eke Nwanne , Ekwebene Onyeka Chukwudalu , Devi Vimla , Ferguson Frederick , Ogunro Ayodele Paul
Published: October 2024

Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the current state of biomarkers in osteoarthritis (OA) management, focusing on their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility. The review also assesses the potential of multi-marker models that integrate clinical and demographic data, and explores the relationships between OA and other systemic conditions.
Methods: A search of electronic databases comprising PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was conducted, following the PRISMA guidelines, to identify relevant studies that discuss the role of biomarkers in OA. Special attention was given to studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy, prognostic value, and therapeutic implications of these molecular indicators.Results: Of the 736 studies identified, a total of 8 were included. Numerous biomarkers such as C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type II (u-CTX-II), serum cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP), N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity troponins T and I (hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI) have been explored for their potential role in cartilage degradation and disease progression in osteoarthritis (OA). These biomarkers, often associated with collagen and aggrecan metabolism in joint tissues, have been investigated for their diagnostic accuracy, prognostic value, and therapeutic implications. Despite these efforts, no individual biomarker has yet achieved the level of reliability and specificity required for individualized diagnosis or prognosis.
Conclusion: Biomarkers hold substantial promise in advancing our understanding and management of OA, but their individual application remains limited. A key limitation of this review is the small number of studies included, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Integrated multi-marker models offer a more nuanced and effective risk assessment and could serve as a basis for individualized management strategies. The findings suggest that future research should focus on refining multi-marker models, exploring novel biomarkers, and elucidating the systemic implications of OA. Additionally, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to validate these biomarkers' clinical utility.
Digital Leadership Impacts on a Village-owned Enterprise Performance: A Moderation Effect of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Amran Adharry D. S. , Syahid Rahman , Mustafa Muh. Yushar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of digital leadership on the performance of village-owned enterprises, or VOEs emphasizing the moderating effect of artificial intelligence, or AI. As digital transformation reshapes the business landscape, effective digital leadership emerges as a crucial factor for enhancing organizational performance, particularly in rural settings. This study employs quantitative surveys and interviews from VOEs across various villages with 192 research sample size. The findings reveal that digital leadership significantly correlates with improved performance metrics, such as profitability, operational efficiency, and community values. Moreover, the integration of AI technologies further amplifies these effects, providing tools for better decision-making, resource allocation, and customer interaction. The moderation analysis indicates that the presence of AI not only enhances the effectiveness of digital leadership but also facilitates innovative practices within VOEs. This research also contributes to the understanding of how digital leadership, coupled with AI, can drive sustainable growth in village enterprises, offering practical implications for policymakers and community leaders aiming to leverage technology for rural development. Future studies are suggested to explore the long-term effects of these dynamics in diverse contexts.
Room‐Temperature Self‐Healing and Recyclable Tough Polymer Composites Using Nitrogen‐Coordinated Boroxines
Authors: Bao Chunyang , Jiang Yi‐Jun , Zhang Houyu , Lu Xingyuan , Sun Junqi
Published: April 2018

In this paper, nitrogen‐coordinated boroxines are exploited for the fabrication of self‐healing and recyclable polymer composites with enhanced mechanical properties. The 3D polymer networks cross‐linked with nitrogen‐coordinated boroxines are first synthesized through the trimerization of ortho‐aminomethyl‐phenylboronic acid groups at the terminals of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) chains, and subsequently, the mechanically robust polymer composites are fabricated by utilizing the complexation of nitrogen‐coordinated boroxine‐containing PPG (N‐boroxine‐PPG) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydrogen‐bonding interactions between them. The N‐boroxine‐PPG is soft with a tensile strength of 0.19 MPa, whereas the tensile strengths of N‐boroxine‐PPG/PAA composites can be tailored to range from 1.7 to 12.7 MPa by increasing the PAA contents in the polymer composites. It is revealed that the amine ligands can facilitate the formation and dissociation of nitrogen‐coordinated boroxines at room temperature. Moreover, the reversibility of nitrogen‐coordinated boroxines and hydrogen‐bonding interactions enable multiple cycles of healing and recycling of the damaged N‐boroxine‐PPG/PAA composites. The healed and recycled N‐boroxine‐PPG/PAA polymer composites regain most of their mechanical strength.
3D Volumetric Energy Deposition of Focused Helium Ion Beam Lithography: Visualization, Modeling, and Applications in Nanofabrication
Authors: Cai Jingxuan , Zhu Zhouyang , Alkemade Paul F. A. , van Veldhoven Emile , Wang Qianjin , Ge Haixiong , Rodrigues Sean P. , Cai Wenshan , Li Wen‐Di
Published: April 2018

In this paper, 3D volumetric energy deposition and local crosslinking of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) are experimentally and numerically explored in focused helium ion beam lithography (HIBL). In particular, a through‐membrane exposure method is developed to make visible and subsequently to measure the 3D interaction volume and energy deposition of helium ions in HSQ. By comparing the actual dimensions of the crosslinked HSQ structures with Monte Carlo modeling of the spatial distribution of the energy deposition, the critical energy density for crosslinking HSQ is obtained. Finally, 3D nanofabrication of complex crosslinked HSQ nanostructures such as embedded nanochannels and suspended grids is demonstrated using two different exposure configurations. The proposed method expands the 2D point spread function of HIBL into three dimensions, thus opening a new avenue for nanoscale 3D fabrication.
High Speed and Stable Solution‐Processed Triple Cation Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wu Jiang , Zhang Peng , Ahmad Waseem , Wang Yafei , Alqahtani Mahdi , Chen Hao , Gao Chunming , Chen Zhi David , Wang Zhiming , Li Shibin
Published: April 2018

Photodetectors, which can convert light signals into electrical signals, are important opto‐electronic devices in imaging, optical communication, biomedical/biological sensing, and so on. Here a solution‐processed photodetector based on the triple cation perovskite is demonstrated. The perovskite photodetectors show a high detectivity, high speed, as well as excellent environmental stability. Operating at a low voltage bias of 2 V, the photodetectors exhibit a large on/off ratio of 105, high specific detectivity of ≈1013 Jones, and a fast photoresponse with 3 dB bandwidth up to 0.82 MHz. Further analysis demonstrates that such performance originates from the modulated Schottky barrier height by illumination. The barrier suppresses dark current without any illumination, but it can be effectively lowered under illumination, thus resulting in a more efficient charge extraction and collection. The results demonstrate a great potential of triple cation perovskite in photodetection and provide a route to achieve high performance devices.
Perovskite–Gold Nanorod Hybrid Photodetector with High Responsivity and Low Driving Voltage
Authors: Wang Huan , Lim Ju Won , Quan Li Na , Chung Kyungwha , Jang Yu Jin , Ma Yuguang , Kim Dong Ha
Published: April 2018

The optical and electronic properties of noble metallic nanoparticles can be exploited to enhance the performance of inorganic/organic photodetectors. In this work, a uniformly distributed layer of Au nanorods (AuNRs) is integrated into vertically structured perovskite photoconductive photodetectors and, as a result, perovskite–AuNR hybrid photodetectors that exhibit significant photocurrent enhancements are reported. Ultimately it achieves a responsivity of ≈320 A W−1 at a low driving voltage of −1 V. This is an improvement of 60% compared to the responsivity of pristine devices (≈200 A W−1). The high responsivity and low driving voltage place this device among the highest performing perovskite‐based thin‐film photoconductive photodetectors reported. The stability and linearity of the photoresponse following repeated light/dark cycles are characterized. The hybrid device also shows a fast response (with the decay time of ≈95 ns) compared to pristine devices (≈230 ns). The improvements in photodetection performance are attributed to plasmon‐enhanced optical absorption, as well as advances in charge extraction and transport.
A Strategy to Obtain Long‐Term Stable Heteropoly Blues for Photosensitive Property Investigations
Authors: Li Jianping , Chen Weilin , Chen Li , Zheng Xiaotao , Zhu Guangshan , Wang Enbo
Published: April 2018

The photosensitizer is the soul of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), i.e., the key factor influencing the performance of DSSCs. The commonly used photosensitizers are expensive carboxylic pyridine ruthenium‐based complexes, so it is urgent to develop low‐cost photosensitizers. Heteropoly blues (HPBs) could be a kind of excellent photosensitizers due to their wide spectra absorption; however, most of them are hardly stable in the air. Here, a strategy of combining the improved vacuum thermal evaporation solid‐state reduction (Al as the reductant) and layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly is employed to obtain a series of long‐term stable HPBs nanocomposite films (classical Keggin and Dawson HPBs). The photosensitive properties of the obtained HPBs are revealed by optical and photoresponse measurements. Particularly, the obtained HPBs have wider visible light absorption and higher exciton dissociation efficiency, which not only improve the photoresponse of TiO2 ({TiO2}5/{PW12}6‐Al (HPB) film with 28.9 µA), but also generate high photocurrent ({PEI}30/{PMo12}30‐Re‐Al (HPB) film with 130 µA). Furthermore, the effects of the structure, the elements composition, and the different electron reduction degree on the photosensitive properties have been discussed based on comparison of the photoresponse signals of different HPBs.
Identification of temperature scanning stress relaxation behaviors of new grade ethylene propylene diene elastomers
Authors: Karaağaç Bağdagül , Cengiz Sevriye Canan , Bayram Tuğba , Şen Murat
Published: April 2018

Natural rubber is the most common material for dynamic applications. Its limited service temperature leads to search alternative elastomeric materials for related areas. In this study, natural rubber, traditional ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and a new gradeEPDMwith modified structural properties have been evaluated by means of tensile properties, characteristic temperatures, cross‐link density, isothermal and nonisothermal relaxation behaviors with temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) method. Linear molecular structure of the alternativeEPDMelastomers provided improved tensile strength and isothermal stress relaxation behavior. Small amount of process oil addition also improved their service temperatures due to better processing conditions. Annealing study showed that strain‐induced crystallization is one of the important factors controlling service conditions ofEPDM. Besides,TSSRtechnique was concluded to be a fast and powerful technique for measuring cross‐link density and for predicting service temperatures of natural rubber andEPDMelastomers.
Intragranular Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Comprehensively Improves Aluminum Alloys
Authors: So Kang Pyo , Kushima Akihiro , Park Jong Gil , Liu Xiaohui , Keum Dong Hoon , Jeong Hye Yun , Yao Fei , Joo Soo Hyun , Kim Hyoung Seop , Kim Hwanuk , Li Ju , Lee Young Hee
Published: April 2018

The room‐temperature tensile strength, toughness, and high‐temperature creep strength of 2000, 6000, and 7000 series aluminum alloys can be improved significantly by dispersing up to 1 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the alloys without sacrificing tensile ductility, electrical conductivity, or thermal conductivity. CNTs act like forest dislocations, except mobile dislocations cannot annihilate with them. Dislocations cannot climb over 1D CNTs unlike 0D dispersoids/precipitates. Also, unlike 2D grain boundaries, even if some debonding happens along 1D CNT/alloy interface, it will be less damaging because fracture intrinsically favors 2D percolating flaws. Good intragranular dispersion of these 1D strengtheners is critical for comprehensive enhancement of composite properties, which entails change of wetting properties and encapsulation of CNTs inside Al grains via surface diffusion‐driven cold welding. In situ transmission electron microscopy demonstrates liquid‐like envelopment of CNTs into Al nanoparticles by cold welding.
Highly Reversible Oxygen‐Redox Chemistry at 4.1 V in Na4/7−x[□1/7Mn6/7]O2 (□: Mn Vacancy)
Authors: Mortemard de Boisse Benoit , Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Watanabe Eriko , Lander Laura , Tsuchimoto Akihisa , Kikkawa Jun , Kobayashi Eiichi , Asakura Daisuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: April 2018

Increasing the energy density of rechargeable batteries is of paramount importance toward achieving a sustainable society. The present limitation of the energy density is owing to the small capacity of cathode materials, in which the (de)intercalation of ions is charge‐compensated by transition‐metal redox reactions. Although additional oxygen‐redox reactions of oxide cathodes have been recognized as an effective way to overcome this capacity limit, irreversible structural changes that occur during charge/discharge cause voltage drops and cycle degradation. Here, a highly reversible oxygen‐redox capacity of Na2Mn3O7 that possesses inherent Mn vacancies in a layered structure is found. The cross validation of theoretical predictions and experimental observations demonstrates that the nonbonding 2p orbitals of oxygens neighboring the Mn vacancies contribute to the oxygen‐redox capacity without making the Mn−O bond labile, highlighting the critical role of transition‐metal vacancies for the design of reversible oxygen‐redox cathodes.
A data‐driven investigation of relationships between bipolar psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia genome‐wide significant genetic loci
Authors: Leonenko Ganna , Di Florio Arianna , Allardyce Judith , Forty Liz , Knott Sarah , Jones Lisa , Gordon‐Smith Katherine , Owen Michael J. , Jones Ian , Walters James , Craddock Nick , O'Donovan Michael C. , Escott‐Price Valentina
Published: April 2018

The etiologies of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia include a large number of common risk alleles, many of which are shared across the disorders. BD is clinically heterogeneous and it has been postulated that the pattern of symptoms is in part determined by the particular risk alleles carried, and in particular, that risk alleles also confer liability to schizophrenia influence psychotic symptoms in those with BD. To investigate links between psychotic symptoms in BD and schizophrenia risk alleles we employed a data‐driven approach in a genotyped and deeply phenotyped sample of subjects with BD. We used sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) (Witten, Tibshirani, & Hastie, ) to analyze 30 psychotic symptoms, assessed with the OPerational CRITeria checklist, and 82 independent genome‐wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by the Schizophrenia Working group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for which we had data in our BD sample (3,903 subjects). As a secondary analysis, we applied sCCA to larger groups of SNPs, and also to groups of symptoms defined according to a published factor analyses of schizophrenia. sCCA analysis based on individual psychotic symptoms revealed a significant association (p = .033), with the largest weights attributed to a variant on chromosome 3 (rs11411529), chr3:180594593, build 37) and delusions of influence, bizarre behavior and grandiose delusions. sCCA analysis using the same set of SNPs supported association with the same SNP and the group of symptoms defined “factor 3” (p = .012). A significant association was also observed to the “factor 3” phenotype group when we included a greater number of SNPs that were less stringently associated with schizophrenia; although other SNPs contributed to the significant multivariate association result, the greatest weight remained assigned to rs11411529. Our results suggest that the canonical correlation is a useful tool to explore phenotype–genotype relationships. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply this approach to complex, polygenic psychiatric traits. The sparse canonical correlation approach offers the potential to include a larger number of fine‐grained systematic descriptors, and to include genetic markers associated with other disorders that are genetically correlated with BD.
Effects of the fenugreek extracts on high‐fat diet‐fed and streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Li Xiao‐yan , Lu Shuang‐shuang , Wang Hong‐lun , Li Gang , He Yan‐feng , Liu Xiao‐yu , Rong Rong , Li Ji , Lu Xuan‐cheng
Published: April 2018

Background

To study the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the fenugreek extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Methods

We established C57BL/6J mice model of T2DM using HFD‐fed and STZ‐induced method. Then, the mice were administered with two types of fenugreek extracts (E1, flavonoid and E2, stilbene glycoside) for 4 weeks and the effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pathological indexes were investigated.

Results

Administration of fenugreek extracts decreased the FBG level compared with that of the model group. Comparatively, the high‐dose E2 decreased the FBG more significantly than the other treatments did. Both extracts showed an obvious antioxidant effect by increasing serum SOD and CAT activities and decreasing the MDA content. Furthermore, the high‐dose E1 showed a significant difference (P < .01) compared with the model group in the three investigated indexes.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that both the flavonoid and stilbene glycoside extracts of fenugreek improved the hyperglycemia in the T2DM mice model. Moreover, the antidiabetic effects of both extracts might be due to their antioxidant activity in vivo.
Lenalidomide versus lenalidomide + dexamethasone prolonged treatment after second‐line lenalidomide + dexamethasone induction in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lund Johan , Gruber Astrid , Lauri Birgitta , Duru Adil Doganay , Blimark Cecilie , Swedin Agneta , Hansson Markus , Forsberg Karin , Ahlberg Lucia , Carlsson Conny , Waage Anders , Gimsing Peter , Vangsted Annette Juul , Frølund Ulf , Holmberg Erik , Gahrton Gösta , Alici Evren , Hardling Mats , Mellqvist Ulf‐Henrik , Nahi Hareth
Published: April 2018

Lenalidomide (Len) plus dexamethasone (Dex) is approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). It is possible that single‐agent Len may be effective as prolonged treatment regimen in RRMM once patients demonstrate an initial response to Len+Dex induction. Patients with RRMM who responded to first‐line Len+Dex in an observational study (NCT01430546) received up to 24 cycles of either Len (25 mg/day) or Len+Dex (25 mg/day and 40 mg/week) as prolonged treatment in a subsequent phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01450215). In the observational study (N = 133), median time to response was 1.7 (range 0.6–9.6) months. A complete response to all treatments received in both studies was observed in 11% of patients; very good partial response and partial response rates were 31% and 38%, respectively. Corresponding response rates in the subgroup of patients who did not enter the phase 2 trial (n = 71) were 3%, 18%, and 39%, respectively. Rates of disease progression at 2 years in the phase 2 trial were 47% versus 31% for Len versus Len+Dex (P = 0.14). After 36 months median follow‐up in surviving patients, median time to progression was not reached with Len+Dex and was 24.9 months (95% confidence interval 12.5–not calculable, P < 0.001) with Len. Three‐year OS among the total observational study population was 61% (95% CI, 52–69%). The corresponding rate among patients who entered the phase 2 clinical trial was 73% (95% CI, 60–83%) and was significantly lower among those patients who achieved ≥PR but did not proceed into the phase 2 trial (55%; P = 0.01). In the phase 2 trial, OS was 73% in both treatment arms (P = 0.70). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were more common with prolonged (phase 2 trial) versus short‐term (observational study) Len administration but remained manageable. Prolonged treatment with Len with or without Dex provides sustained, clinically relevant responses and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Flexible On‐Chip Micro‐Supercapacitors by a Mechanical Scribing Process
Authors: Huang Tingting , Jiang Kai , Li La , Chen Shuai , Li Rui , Shen Guozhen , Chen Di
Published: April 2018

On‐chip micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as efficient miniaturized energy storage devices have attracted great attention for potential application in flexible electronics. In this work, a facile and low cost mechanical scribing method was designed to fabricate flexible all‐solid‐state on‐chip MSCs arrays with ZnCo2O4 nanowires as the interdigitated electrodes, PVA/KOH as solid‐state electrolyte and Ag nanowires as current collector. The fabricated single on‐chip MSC is composed of 10 microelectrodes organized in an interdigitated planar geometry with the area of ∼1.05 cm2. Studies found that a single device can achieve a high areal energy density of 0.065 μWh cm−2 at 0.092 mW cm−2. The mechanical flexibility of the MSC is robust, only 1 % change was observed in capacitance when going through 2000 mechanical bending cycles. Furthermore, a multi‐functional nano/micro‐system was configured by integrating the on‐chip MSC as the energy unit and CdS nanowire‐based photodetector as the functional detecting unit. In the integrated system, the on‐chip MSC provides similar power supplier for the photodetectors as the conventional external energy unit, demonstrating the feasibility and potential application of the on‐chip MSCs for next generation flexible electronics.
A Smorgasbord of 17 Cobalt Complexes Active for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hogue Ross W. , Schott Olivier , Hanan Garry S. , Brooker Sally
Published: April 2018

Seventeen cobalt complexes—eleven dinuclear cobalt(II) complexes and three tetranuclear cobalt complexes (two mixed valent) of ditopic ligands, with varying N‐donor aromatic bridging moieties and pendant pyridine side arms, as well as three mononuclear cobalt(II) complexes of Schiff base macrocyclic ligands—have been screened for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. All 17 complexes are active catalysts for the HER, in both DMF and aqueous solution, in tandem with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) photosensitiser. All are benchmarked to the literature standard [CoIII(dmgH)2(py)Cl] (dmg=dimethylglyoxime, py=pyridine) under identical conditions. Two families of dinuclear cobalt(II) complexes of bis‐tetradentate ligands that provide a triazole bridging moiety and mononuclear cobalt(II) complexes of tetradentate Schiff base macrocycles were found to be the most active catalysts, outperforming [CoIII(dmgH)2(py)Cl] by two‐ to three‐fold. Within these two families, the use of shorter alkyl linkers between the N donors, and hence, smaller chelate ring sizes, was found to significantly enhance catalytic performance, whereas the variation of peripheral functional groups was found to have little effect. This last point will be convenient for subsequent surface immobilisation studies.
Self‐Assembled Multinuclear Complexes Incorporating 99mTc
Authors: Frei Angelo , Mokolokolo Pennie P. , Bolliger Robin , Braband Henrik , Tsosane Mampotso S. , Brink Alice , Roodt Andreas , Alberto Roger
Published: April 2018

Multinuclear complexes or clusters are rarely investigated in medicinal inorganic chemistry although they represent structural intermediates between molecules and nanomaterials. We present in this report two strategies towards 99mTc‐containing clusters. In a pre‐assembly approach, the preformed but incomplete cluster fragment [Re3(μ2‐OH)3(μ3‐OH)(CO)9]− reacts with [99mTc(CO)3]+ to the highly stable [99mTcRe3(μ3‐OH)4(CO)12] cube. The same structure self‐assembles when reacting the mononuclear Re and 99mTc precursors in one pot. Integrating the coordinating OH groups from Schiff bases in this concept leads straight to dinuclear, mixed‐metal complexes of the type [99mTcRe(μ2‐O^N‐R1)2(CO)6] in quantitative yields. Both strategies are unprecedented and open a future path towards clusters, incorporating a 99mTc radiolabel while being decorated with targeting or cytotoxic moieties.