bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical properties of composites formed from ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer and silver‐coated hollow glass microspheres
Authors: Cecen V.
Published: May 2011

The primary purpose of this study was to prepare a new type of silver‐coated hollow glass microspheres and to make available this facility for the fabrication of thermally conductive polymeric composites based on ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. Thermally conducting composites could be produced with a silver coating around the hollow glass microspheres, despite the low silver volume content. The experimental results are discussed and compared to various theoretical models. The thermal diffusivity and the specific heat of the composites were also characterized and are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Viscoelastic behavior of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene containing glycerin
Authors: Kohga Makoto
Published: May 2011

Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is widely used as a propellant binder. A plasticizer is usually added to improve the processing properties, the mechanical properties, and the burning characteristics of the propellant. Glycerin was found to be an effective additive to improve these properties. The glycerin/HTPB blend was hard enough to act as a binder for the composite propellant when the glycerin/HTPB mole ratio was less than 10. Only a small quantity of glycerin was incorporated into the network structure of the cured HTPB. Most of the added glycerin physically entered the voids in the network of the cured HTPB. Addition of a small quantity of glycerin (mole ratio less than 0.1) significantly altered the network density and the viscoelastic properties of the blends. The properties were only slightly dependent on the amount of the added glycerin in the mole ratio range of 0.1–10. The dangling ends were formed in the HTPB network by the addition of glycerin and the network structure was loosened, thereby enhancing the mobility of the chain segment. The viscoelastic properties of the blends followed the time‐temperature superposition principle, and the properties were estimated accurately by the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry approach. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dielectric and morphological studies on polyester/nanosilica fume composites
Authors: Abd‐El Messieh S. L. , Rozik Nehad N.
Published: May 2011

Styrenated polyester nanocomposites are a class of polymers reinforced with low quantities of well‐dispersed nanoparticles with the aim of offering advantages over conventional composites. Nanosilica fumes with different particle sizes were used as a filler to form polyester nanocomposites. The average particle size was detected with transmission electron microscopy. We used the electrical properties [permittivity (ϵ′), dielectric loss (ϵ″), and electrical conductivity (σ)] to investigate the variation of the properties of the polyester/nanosilica fume composites by varying the filler ratio and particle size as well. The ϵ′, ϵ″, and σ values were found to increase with increasing filler content up to a certain concentration, at which aggregation began to form and after which stability in these properties was attained. The second relaxation time (τ2) associated with the orientation of the aggregates caused by the movement of the main chain was found to be unchanged up to a certain concentration of filler, after which a pronouncing increase in τ2 was noticed. This result found further justification through the scanning electron micrographs. In addition, the values of σ, which were of the order of 10−11 S/cm, make the materials highly recommended for use for insulation purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Zinc‐finger protein 145, acting as an upstream regulator of SOX9, improves the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration and repair
Authors: Liu Tong Ming , Guo Xi Min , Tan Hwee San , Hui James H. , Lim Bing , Lee Eng Hin
Published: May 2011

Objective

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) represent one of the most promising stem cell therapies for traumatic injury and age‐related degenerative diseases involving cartilage. However, few genetic factors regulating chondrogenesis of MSCs have been identified. One study showed that zinc‐finger protein 145 (ZNF145), a transcription factor, was up‐regulated during 3‐lineage differentiation of hMSCs. The present study was undertaken to validate whether this novel transcription factor is useful for the repair and regeneration of cartilage.

Methods

Human MSCs were transfected with lentiviral short hairpin RNA (for small interfering RNA knockdown of ZNF145) and a lentiviral vector for overexpression of ZNF145, and the effects of ZNF145 on chondrogenesis were studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Microarray and transient expression analyses were used to determine whether ZNF145 is a factor operating upstream of SOX9. Allogeneic transplantation of hMSCs into osteochondral defects in rats was performed to determine the effects of ZNF145 on repair of cartilage in vivo.

Results

Small interfering RNA–mediated gene silencing of ZNF145 slowed down chondrogenesis, whereas overexpression of ZNF145 enhanced chondrogenesis. Global gene expression profiling showed up‐regulated gene expression in ZNF145‐overexpressing MSCs, and transient overexpression of ZNF145 enhanced the expression of SOX9, suggesting that ZNF145 acts as a factor upstream of SOX9, the master regulator of chondrogenesis. Moreover, allogeneic transplantation of hMSCs into osteochondral defects of rat knees showed that ZNF145‐overexpressing MSCs repaired cartilage defects better and earlier than empty control MSCs.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that ZNF145 gene therapy may be a very useful strategy for improving the quality of cartilage regeneration and repair.
Prediction of pulmonary hypertension related to systemic sclerosis by an index based on simple clinical observations
Authors: Meune Christophe , Avouac Jérôme , Airò Paolo , Beretta Lorenzo , Dieudé Philippe , Wahbi Karim , Caramaschi Paola , Tiev Kiet , Cappelli Susanna , Diot Elisabeth , Vacca Alessandra , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Sibilia Jean , Kahan André , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Allanore Yannick
Published: May 2011

Objective

To develop a score to estimate the risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

We first examined the prevalence and characteristics of precapillary PH confirmed by right‐heart catheterization in a cross‐sectional (derivation) sample of 1,165 SSc patients, and we developed a risk prediction score (RPS) based on simple clinical observations associated with PH. We next prospectively tested the 3‐year predictive power of the “Cochin RPS” in a separate (validation) sample of 443 patients presenting with PH‐free SSc at baseline.

Results

In the derivation sample, age, forced vital capacity, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide/alveolar volume were independently associated with the presence of PH and were used to create the Cochin RPS. PH developed during followup in 20 patients in the validation sample. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the Cochin RPS was 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.95). With a cutoff value of 2.73, patients at risk of PH during followup could be identified with 89.5% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity. PH occurred in 0.6% of patients in the lowest 2 quintiles of the Cochin RPS, in 1.7% of patients in the third and fourth quintiles, and in 17.1% of patients in the highest quintile (P < 0.0001 by log rank test). Patients in the highest quintile incurred a >35‐fold higher risk of developing PH compared with patients in the 2 lowest quintiles (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Using routine clinical observations, we developed a simple score that accurately predicted the risk of PH in SSc.
Epidemiology of generalized joint laxity (hypermobility) in fourteen‐year‐old children from the UK: A population‐based evaluation
Authors: Clinch Jacqui , Deere Kevin , Sayers Adrian , Palmer Shea , Riddoch Chris , Tobias Jonathan H. , Clark Emma M.
Published: May 2011

Objective

Although diagnostic criteria for generalized ligamentous laxity (hypermobility) in children are widely used, their validity may be limited, due to the lack of robust descriptive epidemiologic data on this condition. The present study was undertaken to describe the point prevalence and pattern of hypermobility in 14‐year‐old children from a population‐based cohort.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional analysis using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a large population‐based birth cohort. Hypermobility among children in the cohort (mean age 13.8 years) was measured using the Beighton scoring system. Objective measures of physical activity were ascertained by accelerometry. Data on other variables, including puberty and socioeconomic status, were collected. Simple prevalence rates were calculated. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations of specific variables with hypermobility.

Results

Among the 6,022 children evaluated, the prevalence of hypermobility (defined as a Beighton score of ≥4 [i.e., ≥4 joints affected]) in girls and boys age 13.8 years was 27.5% and 10.6%, respectively. Forty‐five percent of girls and 29% of boys had hypermobile fingers. There was a suggestion of a positive association between hypermobility in girls and variables including physical activity, body mass index, and maternal education. No associations were seen in boys.

Conclusion

We have shown that the prevalence of hypermobility in UK children is high, possibly suggesting that the Beighton score cutoff of ≥4 is too low or that this scoring is not appropriate for use in subjects whose musculoskeletal system is still developing. These results provide a platform to evaluate the relationships between the Beighton criteria and key clinical features (including pain), thereby testing the clinical validity of this scoring system in the pediatric population.
Changes in the bacterial community structure and diversity during bamboo retting
Authors: Fu Jiajia , Mueller Henry , de Castro Joao V , Yu Chonewen , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur , Guebitz Georg M. , Nyanhongo Gibson S.
Published: May 2011

Microbial retting is a critical step in obtaining fiber bundles from bamboo culm using indigenous microorganisms. A cultivation‐independent technique for monitoring the changes in bacteria community during bamboo retting was applied in this work. This technique involves genetic profiling of PCR‐amplified small‐subunit rRNA and the single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) gel analysis of the PCR‐amplified 16S rDNA fragments. The study revealed that both the structure and the diversity of investigated communities varied with the incubation periods and sample locations. The bacteria bands from SCCP gel profiles related to Bacillus sp. decreased in intensity, and Phaeospirillum sp. and Azospirillum brasilense completely disappeared during the 4th and 5th month of incubation, while the bands related to the Sphingomonas japonica, Alphaproteobacterium Ellin335 and Microbacterium sp. increased. The bands closely related to Sphingomonads, Brevundimonas brasilense, Pseudoclavibacter sp., Agrococcus jenensis and Oxalophagus oxalicus remained dominant during the whole incubation period. This study showed that the use of PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA and SCCP profiling provided valuable information on monitoring the bacteria dynamic changes occurring in the bacteria community during bamboo retting, which is crucial for controlling the quality of the retting process and improving the retting efficiency, and thus benefits for fiber recovery.
Osseous microarchitecture of the scaphoid: Cadaveric study of regional variations and clinical implications
Authors: Su‐Bum A. Lee , Hyo‐Jin B. Kim , Jae‐Myeung C. Chun , Choon‐Sung D. Lee , Shin‐Yoon E. Kim , Poong‐Taek F. Kim , In‐Ho G. Jeon
Published: May 2011

Bone strength and structure are closely associated with fracture and screw fixation, however osseous micro architecture on scaphoid has not been clearly addressed. We conducted histomorphometric study of the scaphoid using micro CT to find regional variations and differences in the scaphoid to provide better understanding of fracture mechanism and suggest optimal screw position. We divided scaphoid into eight regions and collected regional data from eleven different cadaveric scaphoids. A computer program was used to measure parameters, which includes mean subchondral bone thickness, bone mineral density for bone density parameters, and tissue mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, trabecular number and bone volume fraction for bone quality parameters. All bone strength parameters were measured the maximum value in the regions where scaphoid articulates with radius. Articular regions presented higher bone strength parameters and thicker subchondral bone. The minimum value of trabecular number was in midcarpal side of waist portion. There was trend of higher subchondral bone thickness in the scaphoid which articulates with capitate and radius. This histomorphometric study showed regional variation of the scaphoid in terms of bone density and quality parameters. Waist portion presented thick subchondral and trabecular bone for high cross section moment of inertia against bending. Three point bending for scaphoid fracture and vertical screw placement are suggested based on these variations. Clin. Anat. 25:203–211, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validating the EXCEL hypothesis: A propensity score matched 3‐year comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass graft in left main patients with SYNTAX score ≤32
Authors: Capodanno Davide , Caggegi Anna , Capranzano Piera , Cincotta Glauco , Miano Marco , Barrano Gionbattista , Monaco Sergio , Calvo Francesco , Tamburino Corrado
Published: May 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the study hypothesis of the EXCEL trial by comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in an EXCEL‐like population of patients. Background: The upcoming EXCEL trial will test the hypothesis that left main patients with SYNTAX score ≤32 experience similar rates of 3‐year death, myocardial infarction (MI), or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) following revascularization by PCI or CABG. Methods: We compared the 3‐year rates of death/MI/CVA and death/MI/CVA/target vessel revascularization (MACCE) in 556 patients with left main disease and SYNTAX score ≤32 undergoing PCI (n = 285) or CABG (n = 271). To account for confounders, outcome parameters underwent extensive statistical adjustment. Results: The unadjusted incidence of death/MI/CVA was similar between PCI and CABG (12.7% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.892), while MACCE were higher in the PCI group compared to the CABG group (27.0% vs. 11.8%, P < 0.001). After propensity score matching, PCI was not associated with a significant increase in the rate of death/MI/CVA (11.8% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.948), while MACCE were more frequently noted among patients treated with PCI (28.8% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.002). Adjustment by means of SYNTAX score and EUROSCORE, covariates with and without propensity score, and propensity score alone did not change significantly these findings. Conclusions: In an EXCEL‐like cohort of patients with left main disease, there seems to be a clinical equipoise between PCI and CABG in terms of death/MI/CVA. However, even in patients with SYNTAX score ≤32, CABG is superior to PCI when target vessel revascularization is included in the combined endpoint. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful retrieval of an entrapped rotablator burr using 5 Fr guiding catheter
Authors: Kimura Masayoshi , Shiraishi Jun , Kohno Yoshio
Published: May 2011

Background: Although burr entrapment is a rare complication of the Rotablator, it is extremely difficult to retrieve a fixedly entrapped burr without surgical procedure. Case Report: An 84‐year‐old male with effort angina had heavily calcified coronary trees as well as severe stenosis in the mid LCx, and moderate stenosis in the proximal LCx, and in the LMT. We planned to perform rotational atherectomy in the LCx lesions. Using 7 Fr Q‐curve guiding catheter and Rotawire floppy, we began to ablate using 1.5‐mm burr at 200,000 rpm. Because the burr could not pass the proximal stenosis, we exchanged the wire for Rotawire extrasupport and the burr for 1.25‐mm burr, and restarted the ablation at 220,000 rpm. Although the burr could manage to pass the proximal stenosis, it had become trapped in the mid LCx lesion. Simple pull on the Rotablator, rotation of the burr, and crossing the Conquest (Confianza) wire could not retrieve it. Thus, we cut off the drive shaft and sheath of the Rotablator, inserted 5 Fr 120‐cm straight guiding catheter (Heartrail ST01; Terumo) through the remaining Rotablator system, pushed the catheter tip to the lesion around the burr as well as simultaneously pulled the Rotablator, and finally could retrieve it. Then we implanted stents in the LCx and in the LMT without difficulty. Conclusions: The 5 Fr straight guiding catheter might be useful for retrieving an entrapped burr (1.25‐mm burr). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentration of Natural Vitamin E Using a Continuous Countercurrent Supercritical CO2 Extraction‐Distillation Dual Column
Authors: Shi B. , Jin J. , Yu E. , Zhang Z.
Published: May 2011

A continuous countercurrent supercritical CO2 extraction‐distillation dual‐column process was developed to extract and concentrate natural vitamin E (VE) from soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD). The experimental results demonstrated that process parameters such as extraction pressure, temperature, and solvent‐to‐feed ratio significantly impacted on the extraction efficiency of natural VE. A new five‐parameter mass transfer model for the continuous countercurrent supercritical CO2 extraction‐distillation dual‐column process was presented based on the Penetration and Double‐Film theories. The calculated values of the mathematical model agreed well with the experimental data, with absolute average relative deviation values of less than 25 %.
Contiguous Metal‐Mediated Base Pairs Comprising Two AgIIons
Authors: Megger Dominik A. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Hoffmann Jan , Brutschy Bernhard , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Müller Jens
Published: May 2011

The incorporation of transition‐metal ions into nucleic acids by using metal‐mediated base pairs has proved to be a promising strategy for the site‐specific functionalization of these biomolecules. We report herein the formation of Ag+‐mediated Hoogsteen‐type base pairs comprising 1,3‐dideaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine and thymidine. By defunctionalizing the Watson–Crick edge of adenine, the formation of regular base pairs is prohibited. The additional substitution of the N3 nitrogen atom of adenine by a methine moiety increases the basicity of the exocyclic amino group. Hence, 1,3‐dideazaadenine and thymine are able to incorporate two Ag+ions into their Hoogsteen‐type base pair (as compared with one Ag+ion in base pairs with 1‐deazaadenine and thymine). We show by using a combination of experimental techniques (UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering, and mass spectrometry) that this type of base pair is compatible with different sequence contexts and can be used contiguously in DNA double helices. The most stable duplexes were observed when using a sequence containing alternating purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. Dispersion‐corrected density functional theory calculations have been performed to provide insight into the structure, formation and stabilization of the twofold metalated base pair. They revealed that the metal ions within a base pair are separated by an Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag distance of about 2.88 Å. The Ag–Ag interaction contributes some 16 kcal mol−1to the overall stability of the doubly metal‐mediated base pair, with the dominant contribution to the Ag–Ag bonding resulting from a donor–acceptor interaction between silver 4d‐type and 4s orbitals. These Hoogsteen‐type base pairs enable a higher functionalization of nucleic acids with metal ions than previously reported metal‐mediated base pairs, thereby increasing the potential of DNA‐based nanotechnology.
New 8‐Amino‐BODIPY Derivatives: Surpassing Laser Dyes at Blue‐Edge Wavelengths
Authors: Bañuelos Jorge , Martín Virginia , Gómez‐Durán C. F. Azael , Córdoba Ismael J. Arroyo , Peña‐Cabrera Eduardo , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Costela Ángel , Pérez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Arbeloa Teresa , Arbeloa Íñigo López
Published: May 2011

The development of highly efficient and stable blue‐emitting dyes to overcome some of the most important shortcomings of available chromophores is of great technological importance for modern optical, analytical, electronic, and biological applications. Here, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of new tailor‐made BODIPY dyes with efficient absorption and emission in the blue spectral region. The major challenge is the effective management of the electron‐donor strength of the substitution pattern, in order to modulate the emission of these novel dyes over a wide spectral range (430–500 nm). A direct relationship between the electron‐donor character of the substituent and the extension of the spectral hypsochromic shift is seen through the energy increase of the LUMO state. However, when the electron‐donor character of the substituent is high enough, an intramolecular charge‐transfer process appears to decrease the fluorescence ability of these dyes, especially in polar media. Some of the reported novel BODIPY dyes provide very high fluorescence quantum yields, close to unity, and large Stokes shifts, leading to highly efficient tunable dye lasers in the blue part of the spectrum; this so far remains an unexploited region with BODIPYs. In fact, under demanding transversal pumping conditions, the new dyes lase with unexpectedly high lasing efficiencies of up to 63 %, and also show high photostabilities, outperforming the laser action of other dyes considered as benchmarks in the same spectral region. Considering the easy synthetic protocol and the wide variety of possible substituents, we are confident that this strategy could be successfully extended for the development of efficient blue‐edge emitting materials and devices, impelling biophotonic and optoelectronic applications.
Thermodynamics, Structure and Properties of Polynuclear Lanthanide Complexes with a Tripodal Ligand: Insight into their Self‐Assembly
Authors: Hamacek Josef , Besnard Céline , Penhouet Tiphaine , Morgantini Pierre‐Yves
Published: May 2011

Self‐assembly processes between a tripodal ligand and LnIII cations have been investigated by means of supramolecular analytical methods. At an equimolar ratio of components, tetranuclear tetrahedral complexes are readily formed in acetonitrile. The structural analysis of the crystallographic data shows a helical wrapping of binding strands around metallic cations. The properties of this series of highly charged 3D compounds were examined by using NMR spectroscopy and optical methods in solution and in the solid state. In the presence of excess metal, a new trinuclear complex was identified. The X‐ray crystal structure elucidated the coordination of metallic cations with two ligands of different conformations. By varying the metal/ligand ratio, a global speciation of this supramolecular system has been evidenced with different spectroscopic methods. In addition, these rather complicated equilibria were successfully characterised with the thermodynamic stability constants. A rational analysis of the self‐assembly processes was attempted by using the thermodynamic free energy model and the impact of the ligand structure on the effective concentration is discussed.
Chemical and Thermal Stability of Isotypic Metal–Organic Frameworks: Effect of Metal Ions
Authors: Kang In Joong , Khan Nazmul Abedin , Haque Enamul , Jhung Sung Hwa
Published: May 2011

Chemical and thermal stabilities of isotypic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) like Al‐BDC (Al‐benzenedicarboxylate called MIL‐53‐Al), Cr‐BDC (MIL‐53‐Cr) and V‐BDC (MIL‐47‐V), after purification to remove uncoordinated organic linkers, have been compared to understand the effect of the central metal ions on the stabilities of the porous MOF‐type materials. Chemical stability to acids, bases, and water decreases in the order of Cr‐BDC>Al‐BDC>V‐BDC, suggesting stability increases with increasing inertness of the central metal ions. However, thermal stability decreases in the order of Al‐BDC>Cr‐BDC> V‐BDC, and this tendency may be explained by the strength of the metal–oxygen bond in common oxides like Al2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O5. In order to evaluate precisely the stability of a MOF, it is necessary to remove uncoordinated organic linkers that are located in the pores of the MOF, because a filled MOF may be more stable than the same MOF after purification.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Phase Transition of Single Crystalline CsNH2SO3.
Authors: Fukami T. , Kyan T. , Nakano K. , Chen R. H.
Published: May 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared at room temperature by slow evaporation of aqueous solutions containing stoichiometric amounts of Cs2CO3 and NH2SO3H.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr2Ni3 — A Strontium Subnickelide?
Authors: Hoehn Peter , Agrestini Stefano , Baranov Alexey , Hoffmann Stefan , Kohout Miroslav , Nitsche Fabian , Wagner Frank R. , Kniep Ruediger
Published: May 2011

The title compound is obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (Nb tube, 600 °C, 48 h) and characterized by powder XRD and scalar‐relativistic all‐electron full‐potential DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: CdWO4 Polymorphs: Selective Preparation, Electronic Structures, and Photocatalytic Activities.
Authors: Yan Tingjiang , Li Liping , Tong Wenming , Zheng Jing , Wang Yunjian , Li Guangshe
Published: May 2011

CdWO4 polymorphs are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of Cd2Cl2 and Na2WO4 using water as solvent to prepare monoclinic CdWO4, and propylene glycol for tetragonal CdWO4 (autoclave, 200 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐Controlled Regioselective Cobalt(I)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Hydrovinylation Reactions.
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Roesner Stefan
Published: May 2011

The regioselectivity of unsymmetrical dienes is controlled by the steric hindrance of the substituents in 2‐ and 3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Iminobromination for Synthesis of Bromomethyl Cyclic Imines Starting from Alkenyl Carbonitriles and Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Sanjaya Stephen , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: May 2011

A wide range of alkenyl carbonitriles smoothly undergoes nucleophilic addition of aryl or alkenyl Grignard reagents to generate N—H imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed Activation of sp3 C—O Bonds: O‐ to N‐Alkyl Migratory Rearrangement in Pyridines and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Yeung Charles S. , Hsieh Tom H. H. , Dong Vy M.
Published: May 2011

A novel and distinct strategy for sp3 etheral C—O bond activation towards the preparation of N‐alkylated 2‐pyridones and related heterocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Organic Compounds with Al‐Trifluoromethanesulfonyldiisobutylalane. Comparison of Its Reactivity with Al‐Methanesulfonyldiisobutylalane.
Authors: Cha Jin Soon
Published: May 2011

Diisobutylaluminum triflate shows higher reactivity and diastereoselectivity in the reduction of cyclic ketones (I) and (IV) compared to diisobutylaluminum mesylate.
ChemInform Abstract: The Heck Reaction of Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles in Water: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐Rhododendrol.
Authors: Boffi Alberto , Cacchi Sandro , Ceci Pierpaolo , Cirilli Roberto , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Prastaro Alessandro , Niembro Sandra , Shafir Alexandr , Vallribera Adelina
Published: May 2011

The use of phosphine‐free palladium nanoparticles immobilized on fluorous silica gel in the Heck reaction of aryl iodides with allylic alcohols in water is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Conjugated Trienes.
Authors: Hadfield Maximillian S. , Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: May 2011

A mild Au‐catalyzed reaction of cyclopropenes with furans affords a series of functionalized trienes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Practical Copper Powder‐Catalyzed Organic Solvent‐ and Ligand‐Free Ullmann Amination of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Zhang Xi‐Ru , Chang Ning‐Hui , Wang Jie , Wei Jun‐Fa , Shi Xian‐Ying , Chen Zhan‐Guo
Published: May 2011

The reaction with NH3 and primary aliphatic amines proceeds efficiently.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Addition of Hydrogen Chloride to N‐Substituted Quinone Imines.
Authors: Burmistrov K. S. , Murashevich B. V. , Toropin N. V.
Published: May 2011

Reaction of quinone imine (I) with conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Reactions of Aryl Iodides and Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids via Decarboxylative Couplings.
Authors: Park Ahbyeol , Park Kyungho , Kim Yong , Lee Sunwoo
Published: May 2011

As low as 0.5mol% of the Pd catalyst is required for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Heterocyclic Amines by an Oxidative Amination of Zinc Organometallics Mediated by CuI: A New Oxidative Cycloamination for the Preparation of Annulated Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Kienle Marcel , Wagner Andreas J. , Dunst Cora , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2011

Functionalized heterocyclic zinc reagents are easily synthesized by a facile oxidative amination of zinc amidocuprate intermediates prepared from various lithium amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Ylides for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Glycidic Amides.
Authors: Waser Mario , Herchl Richard , Mueller Norbert
Published: May 2011

A highly trans‐selective protocol for the synthesis of glycidic amides based on the reaction of stabilized DABCO ammonium ylides bearing an α‐carbonyl group with aromatic aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenium‐Activated Cyclodehydration of Diols.
Authors: Kelly Brendan D. , Lambert Tristan H.
Published: May 2011

Optimized conditions A) allow the rapid preparation of various furan and pyran skeletons via a stable cyclopropenium ion.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and Dihydropyrroles via Pyridine Catalyzed Formal [4 + 1] Annulation.
Authors: Liu Chun‐Rong , Zhu Ben‐Hu , Zheng Jun‐Cheng , Sun Xiu‐Li , Xie Zuowei , Tang Yong
Published: May 2011

In the presence of Fe(Cl4tpp) and pyridine base, α‐ylidene‐β‐diketones and α,β‐unsaturated imines react with diazoacetates to provide the title heterocycles as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Triflate Catalyzed Coupling Between Nitroalkenes and Phenol/Naphthols: A Simple and Direct Synthesis of Arenofurans by a Cyclization Reaction.
Authors: Kundu Dhiman , Samim Md. , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda
Published: May 2011

Various naphthofuran derivatives are efficiently synthesized by the title method.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Oxazolidinones as Electrophiles: Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions with Carbanions and Preparation of Functionalized Lactams.
Authors: Gibson Sarah , Jacobs Hollie K. , Gopalan Aravamudan S.
Published: May 2011

Deprotonation of oxazolidinones bearing sulfone, sulfoxide, or phosphonate side chains is followed by intramolecular cyclization providing chiral lactams via a bicyclic intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolidinones and Nitrones from N‐Sulfonyl Hydroxylamines via Oxygen‐Transfer Redox and 1,3‐Sulfonyl Migration.
Authors: Yeom Hyun‐Suk , So Eunsu , Shin Seunghoon
Published: May 2011

Gold‐catalyzed reactions of N‐sulfonyl hydroxylamines with terminal alkyne lead to 3‐pyrrolidinones (II) by means of an intramolecular oxygen‐transfer redox reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Approach to 2‐Aroyltrimethoxyindoles as Novel Heterocyclic Combretastatin A4 Analogues.
Authors: Arthuis Martin , Pontikis Renee , Chabot Guy G. , Quentin Lionel , Scherman Daniel , Florent Jean‐Claude
Published: May 2011

A Pd‐catalyzed domino reaction is used as efficient approach to highly substituted indoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free and Catalytic Friedel—Crafts Alkylations of Indoles in Solkane® 365mfc, an Environmentally Benign Alternative Solvent.
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Hua , Kusuda Akihiro , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: May 2011

Alkylations of various indoles with trifluoropyruvate (II) and glyoxylate (VII) are investigated in racemic and enantioselective variants.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective [3 + 2] Cyclization of Isatin Derived Electron‐Deficient Alkenes with α‐Allenic Esters.
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Chun , Cao Shu‐Hua , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: May 2011

Novel [3 + 2] cyclization of isatin alkenes (I) with α‐allenic esters (II) in the presence of tris(4‐fluorophenyl)phosphine as catalyst leads to (trans,trans)‐diastereomer (IV) as major product, whilst the tributylphosphine‐catalyzed reaction proceeds with a moderate (cis,trans)‐diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Thiosemicarbazides, s‐Triazoles and Their Mannich Bases Bearing 3‐Chlorophenyl Moiety.
Authors: Plech Tomasz , Wujec Monika , Siwek Agata , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna
Published: May 2011

A fast, facile, and efficient method for the preparation of title compounds (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydroxanthones by Sequential Pd‐Catalyzed C—O and C—C Bond Construction and Use in the Identification of the “Antiausterity” Pharmacophore of the Kigamicins.
Authors: Turner Penelope A. , Griffin Ellanna M. , Whatmore Jacqueline L. , Shipman Michael
Published: May 2011

In the presence of the Pd catalyst, carbonyl compounds of type (I), (III), and (V) undergo efficient ring closure to afford tetrahydroxanthone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 4‐Aryl‐pyrido[1,2‐c]pyrimidines with Dual SSRI and 5‐HT1A Activity. Part 3.
Authors: Herold Franciszek , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

Synthesis, in vitro affinity for 5‐HT1A receptors and SERT, SAR, and in vivo agonist/antagonist properties toward pre‐ and postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptors are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Part 1. Synthesis, Cancer Chemopreventive Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Galal Shadia A. , Abdelsamie Ahmed S. , Tokuda Harukuni , Suzuki Nobutaka , Lida Akira , ElHefnawi Mahmoud M. , Ramadan Raghda A. , Atta Mona H. E. , El Diwani Hoda I.
Published: May 2011

The antitumor activity of the novel quinoxaline derivatives is evaluated by studying their possible effects on TPA‐induced Epstein—Barr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous SnCl2/SiO2 versus Homogeneous SnCl2 Acid Catalysis in the Benzo[N,N]‐heterocyclic Condensation.
Authors: Darabi Hossein Reza , Aghapoor Kioumars , Mohsenzadeh Farshid , Jalali Mohammad Reza , Talebian Shiva , Ebadi‐Nia Leila , Khatamifar Ehsan , Aghaee Ali
Published: May 2011

Silica‐supported stannous chloride shows high catalytic activity in the synthesis of fused pyrazine derivatives via condensation of o‐diaminoarenes with appropriate 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Activity of 3‐Hydrazino‐1,2,4‐triazines in Reaction with N,N‐Dimethylcarbamoyl Bromide.
Authors: Mironovich L. M. , Ivanov M. A.
Published: May 2011

Acylation of 6‐substituted 3‐hydrazinotriazin‐5‐ones with carbamoyl bromide (II) gives triazolotriazinone (III) or aminocarbonylhydrazine derivative (V), depending on the substituent in 6‐position of the initial triazinone.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Efficient Access to Diaryldibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocines.
Authors: Wang Xiao , Li Jianzhong , Zhao Na , Wan Xiaobo
Published: May 2011

Starting from easily available benzoyl benzoic acids, a new facile [2 + 2] cyclization to produce the medicinally important targets (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Campestarenes: Novel Shape‐Persistent Schiff Base Macrocycles with 5‐Fold Symmetry.
Authors: Guieu Samuel , Crane Angela K. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: May 2011

A simple one‐step procedure affords a family of stable, conjugated macrocycles (II) with 5‐fold symmetry mediated by 3‐center hydrogen bonding.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Diazophosphonates as Precursors to Quaternary Substituted Indolines and Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Wang Jin , Boyarskikh Vyacheslav , Rainier Jon D.
Published: May 2011

Vinyl diazophosphonates (IV), exclusively synthesized as (E)‐isomers, undergo a sulfonium ylide rearrangement [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenoids and Sterones from the Stem Bark of Ailanthus altissima
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Jiang , Xu Min , Li Xue‐Song , Wang Yue‐Hu , Gao Ye , Cai Rui , Cheng Yong‐Xian
Published: May 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of a new tirucallane‐type triterpenoid, alianthusaltinin A (I), and one new C29sterone, alianthaltone A (II), along with numerous known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Psammaplysin H, a New Antimalarial Bromotyrosine Alkaloid from a Marine Sponge of the Genus Pseudoceratina.
Authors: Xu Min , Andrews Kathy T. , Birrell Geoff W. , Tran Truc Linh , Camp David , Davis Rohan A. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: May 2011

Mass‐directed isolation of the large‐scale CH2Cl2/Me‐OH extract from the title sponge affords the new alkaloid psammaplysin H (I) together with the previously isolated analogues psammaplysins G and F.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of an 18‐Methyl Derivative of Tacrolimus API in Streptomyces clavuligerus CKD‐1119.
Authors: Ham Yun‐Beom , Koo Yoon‐Mo
Published: May 2011

A hitherto unknown 18‐methyl derivative (I) of the potent immunosuppressant tacrolimus is identified.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Merritt Eleanor A. , Olofsson Berit
Published: May 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How to Construct Chiral Macrocycles from Anthracene Units and Acetylene Linkers
Authors: Toyota Shinji
Published: May 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐Based Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptide α‐Thioesters
Authors: Mende Franziska , Seitz Oliver
Published: May 2011

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stirring the Porphyrin Alphabet Soup — Functionalization Reactions for Porphyrins
Authors: Senge Mathias O.
Published: May 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid — A Simple Oxidant with a Dazzling Array of Potential Applications
Authors: Duschek Alexander , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: May 2011

Review: about 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Imidazole C‐Nucleosides Toward Biofunctional Molecules
Authors: Araki Lisa , Harusawa Shinya
Published: May 2011

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Renewed Synthetic Approach to Gangliosides Exploiting Versatile and Powerful Synthetic Units
Authors: Ando Hiromune , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto
Published: May 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tn Antigen — Structural Simplicity and Biological Complexity
Authors: Ju Tongzhong , Otto Vivianne I. , Cummings Richard D.
Published: May 2011

Review: 335 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluating the Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions and Screening Chiral Catalysts by ESI—MS
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yang , Guo Yin‐Long
Published: May 2011

Review: 69 refs.
CFD Simulation of a Spray including Particle‐Droplet Interaction
Authors: Schaldach Gerhard , Pieloth Damian , Kohnen Boris , Großmann Maik , Walzel Peter
Published: May 2011

Die Herstellung von Formteilen und Dämmstoffen aus modifizierten Polyurethanschäumen im Sprühverfahren hat in den letzten Jahren einen deutlichen Zuwachs erfahren. Hierbei werden Füllstoffe wie Glasfasern oder Metallpartikel in den Sprühstrahl eingebunden, um die gewünschten Produkteigenschaften zu erzielen. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der numerischen Simulation (CFD) der Sprühstrahlausbreitung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Einbindung von Partikeln in den Sprühstrahl. Experimentelle Untersuchungen an einer Sprühversuchsanlage zeigen, dass die hier vorgestellte Methode eine realitätsnahe Vorhersage der Partikeleinbindung in einen Sprühstrahl erlaubt.
Walking the talk? Environmental responsibility from the perspective of small‐business owners
Authors: Battisti Martina , Perry Martin
Published: May 2011

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have generally been portrayed as failures in relation to environmental sustainability due to their low take‐up rates of sustainable business practices. This judgment arises when frameworks and standards that have been developed in, and for, large firms are applied to SMEs. Such assessment can provide a misleading impression of the uptake of sustainable business practices, as SMEs do not operate simply as miniature large firms. The performance of SMEs should be assessed using benchmarks that fit the circumstances of small firms. Based on interviews with 50 small‐business owners in New Zealand, we explore how environmental responsibility is understood and translated into practice. This paper contributes to the emerging stream of research that aims to build a theory of environmental responsibility that is grounded in the experiences of SME owner‐managers, and takes into account the heterogeneity and characteristics of the SME sector. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A Shift in corporate practice? Facilitating sustainability strategy in companies
Authors: Eweje Gabriel
Published: May 2011

Increasingly, there has been a great deal of attention paid to the notion of corporate sustainability, which has variously been defined as meaning the incorporation of social, environmental, economic, and cultural concerns into corporate strategy. Therefore, corporations, particularly those that have global presence, are required to commit to sustainability strategies and practice as a means of expressing their support and commitment to the notion. This study examines managers' actual sustainability perceptions and practices. The paper reports on an empirical study carried out in New Zealand in which 15 large companies were interviewed in 2009 about their sustainability strategy and practice. Results reveal that companies that participated in the study are keen to demonstrate that sustainability is integral to their policy and have various projects and initiatives to support their position and commitment. However, with lack of ‘organised’ stakeholder pressure on corporations in New Zealand to showcase their sustainability attributes, with very few exceptions, the question of what really motivates sustainability projects/initiatives is compelling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Amine‐Tethered Solid Adsorbents Coupling High Adsorption Capacity and Regenerability for CO2 Capture From Ambient Air
Authors: Choi Sunho , Gray McMahan L. , Jones Christopher W.
Published: May 2011

Silica supported poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) materials are prepared via impregnation and demonstrated to be promising adsorbents for CO2 capture from ultra‐dilute gas streams such as ambient air. A prototypical class 1 adsorbent, containing 45 wt % PEI (PEI/silica), and two new modified PEI‐based aminosilica adsorbents, derived from PEI modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (A‐PEI/silica) or tetraethyl orthotitanate (T‐PEI/silica), are prepared and characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The modifiers are shown to enhance the thermal stability of the polymer‐oxide composites, leading to higher PEI decomposition temperatures. The modified adsorbents present extremely high CO2 adsorption capacities under conditions simulating ambient air (400 ppm CO2 in inert gas), exceeding 2 mol kgsorbent−1, as well as enhanced adsorption kinetics compared to conventional class 1 sorbents. The new adsorbents show excellent stability in cyclic adsorption–desorption operations, even under dry conditions in which aminosilica adsorbents are known to lose capacity due to urea formation. Thus, the adsorbents of this type can be considered promising materials for the direct capture of CO2 from ultra‐dilute gas streams such as ambient air.
Product Distribution from the Fast Pyrolysis of Hemicellulose
Authors: Patwardhan Pushkaraj R. , Brown Robert C. , Shanks Brent H.
Published: May 2011

Hemicellulose is one of the major constituents of biomass. Surprisingly, only very limited information regarding its product distribution under fast pyrolysis conditions is available in the literature. In the present study, a combination of several analytical techniques, including micro‐pyrolyzer‐GC‐MS/FID, gas analysis, and capillary electrophoresis, were used to study the primary pyrolysis product distribution of hemicelluloses extracted and purified from switchgrass. A total of 16 products were identified and quantified, which accounted for 85 % of the overall mass balance. The pyrolysis behavior of hemicellulose was found to be considerably different than cellulose and was explained on the basis of a proposed mechanism for glycosidic bond cleavage. Further, the effect of minerals and temperature was investigated. The study provides insight into the fast pyrolysis behavior of hemicellulose and provides a basis for developing models that can predict bio‐oil composition resulting from overall biomass fast pyrolysis.
Cryptanalysis of mCrypton—A lightweight block cipher for security of RFID tags and sensors
Authors: Mala Hamid , Dakhilalian Mohammad , Shakiba Mohsen
Published: May 2011

mCrypton is a 64‐bit lightweight block cipher designed for use in low‐cost and resource‐constrained applications such as RFID tags and sensors in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the strength of this cipher against related‐key impossible differential cryptanalysis. First, we construct two 6‐round related‐key impossible differentials for mCrypton‐96 and mCrypton‐128. Then, using these distinguishers, we present 9‐round related‐key impossible differential attacks on these two versions. The attack on mCrypton‐96 requires 259.9 chosen plaintexts, and has a time complexity of about 274.9 encryptions. The data and time complexities for the attack on mCrypton‐128 are 259.7 chosen plaintexts and 266.7 encryptions, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predator and restraint stress during gestation facilitates pilocarpine‐induced seizures in prepubertal rats
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Ramin , Saboory Ehsan , Roshan‐Milani Shiva , Pilehvarian Ali Asghar
Published: May 2011

Stress during gestation can result in early and long‐term developmental aberrations. This study aimed to assess the impact of prenatal restraint or predator stress on pilocarpine‐induced epileptic behavior. Pregnant rats were exposed to stressors on gestational days 15, 16, and 17. Restraint stress consisted of daily restraint of the dam. During predator stress, caged rats were exposed to a cat in a cage. On postnatal day 25, male pups were injected with pilocarpine and the behavior of each rat was observed. Prenatal stress led to low birth weight and increased blood corticosterone levels. Both stressors significantly potentiated pilocarpine‐induced seizures. Predator‐stressed pups exhibited significantly severe tonic–clonic seizures compared with restraint‐stressed animals. These data emphasize the impact of prenatal stress on fetal growth, and neural and endocrine function. The results also suggest that psychosocial stressors have a greater impact on neural and endocrine function than physical stressors do. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:806–812, 2011.