bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic susceptibility controlled by climate-driven weathering intensity
Authors: Aubineau Jérémie , Antonio Paul Y.J. , El Bamiki Radouan , Parat Fleurice , Camps Pierre , Raji Otmane , Jourani Es-Said , Bodinier Jean-Louis , Macouin Mélina , Gilder Stuart , Rousse Sonia , Séranne Michel
Published: December 2024

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) variations are commonly attributed to eustatic and/or climatic changes that impact the delivery of fine-grained detrital magnetic minerals. However, the mechanism responsible for sourcing magnetic minerals from land to the ocean is not fully understood. Bulk mineralogy, Rietveld refinements of powder XRD patterns, and whole-rock geochemistry, combined with a MS investigation across a ∼290 m-thick Upper Cretaceous/Paleogene sedimentary sequence at Erguita, Morocco, imply that iron is exclusively detrital in origin. Moreover, MS fluctuations occurred independently from depositional setting and sea-level variations. Rock magnetism investigations further show that a complex assemblage of ferromagnetic sensu lato minerals is recorded in the Erguita sedimentary section, and a proportion of more or less oxidized magnetite supplied to the depositional setting controls the MS variations. This study chronicles that the weathering of the Anti-Atlas crystalline basement led to the supply of detrital Fe-bearing phyllosilicates and ferromagnetic (sensu lato) Fe-oxides to the eastern passive margin of the Atlantic Ocean from the Late Cretaceous to the mid-Paleogene. Higher weathering intensity drove up the detrital magnetic material in all lithologies, which, in turn, increased the MS signal. Importantly, this model nicely coincides with the climatic upheavals of the Paleogene. We propose that this unrecognized link between MS and climate-driven weathering intensity is paramount to unraveling the origin of the low MS interval below the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Climate cooling resulting in reduced weathering rather than a global acidification triggered by Phase 2 of Deccan volcanism could help explain the MS trend at that time.
Régulation du chromosome X et spécificités fonctionnelles des cellules femelles
Authors: Chaumeil Julie , Morey Céline
Published: December 2024

Et si posséder deux chromosomes X conférait aux cellules femelles des spécificités exclusives et expliquait les différences de susceptibilité des hommes et des femmes à certaines maladies ? Pourtant, l’un des chromosomes X est réprimé aléatoirement dans chaque cellule femelle dès le stade embryonnaire, ce qui, théoriquement, remet les sexes à égalité. Cette inactivation du chromosome X est un processus épigénétique unique : elle agit à l’échelle d’un chromosome entier et aboutit à un mosaïcisme d’expression des gènes du chromosome X au niveau de l’organisme. Cependant certains gènes échappent au processus et cette inactivation semble être plus labile dans certains types cellulaires. Quelles en sont les conséquences physiologiques ? Cette question commence à être explorée, notamment dans les systèmes immunitaires et nerveux qui présentent différentes maladies à biais de sexe.
Solvent solutions: Comparing extraction methods for edible oils and proteins in a changing regulatory landscape. Part 4: Impacts on energy consumption
Authors: Carré Patrick , Piofczyk Thomas , Bothe Sarah , dev Borah Chandra , Hadjiali Sara
Published: December 2024

This study compares various solvents for edible oil extraction, focusing on their energy consumption impacts. The research examines traditional hexane and alternative solvents, using both theoretical calculations and experimental data. The article presents a thermodynamic analysis of solvent-water separation using ChemSep software for rectification simulations. Results show significant differences in energy requirements, with acetone being potentially the most efficient and alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol) requiring substantially more energy at desolventization step. Solvent hold-up in the marc is a crucial factor affecting desolventization energy consumption. Experimental data from a pilot plant study on rapeseed cake extraction is presented, showing higher retention rates for ethanol and isopropanol compared to hexane. For other solvents, retention rates are estimated using the Hansen solubility parameter δh. Energy requirements for meal desolventization are calculated, considering factors such as solvent properties, marc composition, and steam usage. Alternative solvents generally show higher energy consumption compared to hexane. With a hypothetical non-distillation scheme the heat required is +76% for ethanol, +32% for isopropanol, −21% for acetone. It is +42% for the acetone solvent in traditional miscella evaporation. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) would require +66%, ethyl acetate 33% and 2-methyloxolane +35% more heat. Dichloromethane and isohexane require a little less energy because of their low boiling point while cyclohexane requires 5% more. The study also discusses the implications of solvent choice on desolventizer-toaster-dryer-cooler (DTDC) design and operation, highlighting potential challenges with high-moisture in the meal resulting from intensive use of direct steam.
Conceptual clique sampling frameworks to design solution algorithms for the Edge Clique Cover Problem
Authors: Picciani Douglas , Lucena Abilio
Published: December 2024

Given a graph G = (V, E), the Edge Clique Cover Problem (ECCP) asks for a minimum number of cliques so that every edge e ∈ E belongs to at least one of the subgraphs induced by the selected cliques. Rather than fine tuned ECCP algorithms, exact or heuristic, we investigate conceptual frameworks for designing them. In particular we focus on frameworks that are based on the formulation of ECCP as a Set Covering Problem (SCP). This formulation typically contains an exponential number of variables that are in a one-to-one relation with the distinct maximal cliques of G. Our frameworks firstly generate reduced SCP formulations that contain a conveniently small number of variables and then solve them to obtain feasible solutions to ECCP. Variables for these formulations are selected via two distinct clique sampling criteria. One of them relies on random considerations for selecting the cliques (variables) while the other is based on Linear Programming reduced costs. The latter one, in particular, is further refined here into a procedure that implements local search within a column generation environment and is straightforward to adapt to numerous other problems.
Endosonography in head and neck imaging and surgery
Authors: Brandt Marie , Garset-Zamani Martin , Bozzato Alessandro , Weimer Johannes M , Arens Christoph , Dietrich Christoph F. , Todsen Tobias , Künzel Julian
Published: December 2024

This CME article explores the evolving role of endosonography in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Endosonography offers significant potential to improve imaging inside the upper respiratory tract, particularly with advancements in probe technology and imaging resolution. The article will describe the sonoanatomy of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx and the selection of probes and scanning techniques used for the various anatomical sites. Transoral ultrasound can be used to improve the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases, oropharyngeal abscesses, and ultrasound-guided puncture and biopsy. Endoscopic endolaryngeal ultrasound is used especially for diagnosing small laryngeal cancer and determining infiltration status. The article highlights the role of endosonography in managing oncologic diseases, especially in oral tongue carcinoma, where it aids in surgical planning by assessing the depth of invasion. In cases of HPV-positive carcinoma of unknown primary, high-frequency endosonography is crucial for detecting small tumors in the oropharyngeal region. In summary, the article advocates the broader integration of endosonography in clinical practice, highlighting its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes in head and neck oncology.
Long-term evaluation of neurological outcomes in
chemotherapy-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) syndrome in
children
Authors: Reis İskenderoğlu Gökçe Pınar , Dilber Beril , Eyüboğlu İlker , Bahadır Ayşenur , Erduran Erol
Published: December 2024

Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a
clinical syndrome with numerous etiologies, mostly characterized by magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the posterior cerebral white and gray
matter and acute neurological symptoms.

Aim To examine the predisposing factors, clinical results, and
radiological features of PRES in children diagnosed with malignancy. Materials
and

Methods The study included 20 patients (7 F/13 M) aged 4–16 years at the
time of diagnosis who were diagnosed with malignancy and developed PRES during
chemotherapy.

Results All the patients were diagnosed as having PRES both clinically and
radiographically during chemotherapy. The time from the initiation of the
chemotherapy to the onset of PRES ranged from 7–675 days. Hypertension was
detected in nine patients, seizure was the most common presenting symptom – had
involvement in the occipital and parietal lobes on MRI (n=14)/followed by
headache (n=8)/altered consciousness (n=5)/visual impairment (n=4).
Hydrocephalus and tentorial herniation were observed in one patient. Most of the
lesions on MRI resolved within 10–33 days and the EEG findings within 9 months.
Clinical symptoms of PRES also disappeared completely the 5-year Press frequency
was found to be 2.48%.

Conclusion PRES may complicate the oncological treatment in children.
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for PRES, while it should be kept in mind
that the blood pressure may be normal in chemotherapy-induced PRES cases. PRES
should be included in the differential diagnosis of all patients receiving
chemotherapy and presenting with acute neurological symptoms.
Neonatal Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Uzun Özlem Ünal , Çınar Müge , İster Meral Bahar , Eşgi Merve , Kara Bülent , Pehlevan Özge Serçe
Published: December 2024

Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening condition in pediatric patients, often triggered by various factors, such as infections, trauma, hereditary metabolic disorders, and certain medications. Elevated creatine kinase levels are commonly observed in newborns and are often attributed to factors such as hypoxia, labor dystocia, and birth trauma. However, rhabdomyolysis in this population is rare and typically associated with hereditary metabolic disorders, medications, or infections. In this report, we describe the case of a neonate diagnosed with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency after markedly elevated creatine kinase levels and rhabdomyolysis were identified during the neonatal period. Additionally, we suggested a guideline for the evaluation of creatine kinase elevation and rhabdomyolysis in neonates.
Intratracheal Administration of Budesonide with Surfactant for Prevention of Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A before–after Study
Authors: Pillai Anish , Kabra Nandkishor , Kothavade Sharayu , Chevle Anita , Sakharkar Sachin , Tiwari Deepika , Choubey Richa , Balasubramanian Haribalakrishna
Published: December 2024

Objective Previous studies have suggested a potential role for inhaled corticosteroids, such as budesonide, in reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among preterm infants. The objective of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratracheal administration of corticosteroid with surfactant on the composite outcome of death or BPD at 36 weeks in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Study Design This before–after cohort study compared outcomes in ELBW infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who received intratracheal surfactant with budesonide to a historical cohort who received surfactant alone. Data were collected retrospectively for neonates in the surfactant group and prospectively for those receiving surfactant plus budesonide.

Results A total of 385 ELBW infants were included. Death or BPD occurred in 123/203 (60.5%) in the surfactant with budesonide group versus 105/182 (57.6%) in the surfactant group; adjusted odds ratio 1.10 (95% CI: 0.69–1.75; p = 0.69). Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of the composite primary outcome (death or BPD at 36 weeks of postmenstrual gestational age), and its components, between the two study groups.

Conclusion In our study, coadministration of budesonide and surfactant was deemed safe and feasible among ELBW infants with RDS. However, we did not observe a significant reduction in the rates of composite or individual outcomes of death or BPD. Larger, randomized controlled trials are necessary to explore the potential advantages of this intervention.

Key Points
A Pilot Dashboard System to Track Cumulative Exposure to Sound Levels during Music Instruction: A Technical Report
Authors: Goel Akansha , Joshi Eeshan , Kwee-Bintoro Ted , Gopal Kamakshi V. , Chesky Kris , Champlin Sara , Albert Mark V.
Published: December 2024

Background Music-induced hearing loss (MIHL) is a critical public health issue. During music instruction, students and teachers are at risk of developing hearing loss due to exposure to loud and unsafe sound levels that can exceed 100 dBA. Prevention of MIHL in music students must be a desired action of all music educators.

Purpose To promote deliberate changes in music instruction and encourage more moderate sound creation and exposure during music education, it is essential to equip the instructors with live dynamic tools to monitor the overall sound intensities during music instruction. Equally important data to convey to the instructors are information regarding the intensity and duration of sounds at specific frequency regions in the music they are generating. Unfortunately, there are no feasible techniques to track cumulative live music exposures at various frequencies nor are there any guidelines for safe music exposure.

Research Design We created a visually appealing, user-friendly dashboard prototype system to display the accumulated time and intensity of sound exposure during live classes/rehearsals categorized into three frequency ranges. These visuals can be easily understood at a glance allowing musicians and instructors to make informed decisions about how to play music safely.

Experimental Approach and Results The dashboard included a collection of circular dial graphs that displayed in real time the accumulated sound exposure in the instructor's selected frequency range and showed the percentage of the maximum daily sound exposure based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standards (NIOSH, 1998). Although NIOSH standards are not widely applied for music exposure, we propose that these standards can be used to provide initial guidelines to develop critical levels of music exposure. Additionally, the dashboard included a color-coded equalizer that displayed the instantaneous frequency distribution of sounds to indicate if sound levels at specific frequencies were too high even for short-term exposure.

Conclusion Less expensive than existing technology and more convenient to use, this dashboard will enable music instructors to make informed decisions on how to best adapt their teaching approaches to protect the hearing health of their students.
Self-reported Hearing Quality of Life for Adolescent Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Davidson Lisa S. , Geers Ann E. , Uchanski Rosalie M. , Siu Kathryn
Published: December 2024

Background Clinicians are increasingly interested in self-reported hearing-specific quality of life (HQoL) for cochlear implant (CI) recipients, including pediatric CI recipients.

Purpose (1) To compare HQoL of adolescent CI recipients to those of peers with typical hearing (TH); (2) to examine, longitudinally, HQoL for a set of CI recipients; and (3) to determine the effects of child, demographic, audiological, speech perception, and language variables on adolescent HQoL.

Research Design Hearing Environments and Reflections on Quality of Life (HEARQL) questionnaires were completed by children with CIs at elementary (HEARQL-26) and adolescent (HEARQL-28) ages.

Study Sample Eighty CI recipients and 21 children with TH.

Data Collection and Analysis HEARQL-28 scores for the CI and TH groups were compared using nonparametric tests. Regression models were used to examine longitudinal results and to explore predictor variables for adolescent CI participants' HEARQL-28 scores.

Results HEARQL-28 scores for CI participants were lower than those of peers with TH. For both CI and TH adolescents, the HEARQL subscale with the lowest score is “Hearing Situations.” CI participants' HEARQL scores at elementary age were not significantly correlated with scores at adolescence. Over 70% of unexplained variance remains even after inclusion of variables with established contributions to traditional CI benefit.

Conclusions Self-reported HEARQL scores are largely unexplained for pediatric CI recipients; multidisciplinary explorations of other sources of variance, such as social, emotional, and psychosocial factors, should be pursued.
The Influence of Remote Hearing Aid Adjustment Technology on the Current Practice of Tele-Audiology among Audiologists in Malaysia
Authors: Quar T. Kar , Lim Y. Feng , Rashid Mohd F.N. , Chu S. Ying , Chong F. Yen
Published: December 2024

Objective Many hearing aid manufacturers have developed application programs that allow audiologists to fine-tune or adjust their patients' hearing aids remotely. This study aims to explore audiologists' experiences in using the remote hearing aid adjustment in Malaysia.

Method This is a qualitative research design where focus group discussions among audiologists were held. The interview data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns and reconstruct meaning.

Study Sample Ten audiologists with at least 1 year of work experience in providing remote hearing aid adjustment services to adult patients were recruited.

Results Even though there has been an increased utilization of remote fine-tuning among audiologists in Malaysia due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, its use among audiologists remains limited at present. Five thematic areas were identified: “Adoption of Practice,” “Challenges and Limitations,” “Benefits and Opportunities,” “Satisfaction,” and “Recommendations for Improvement.” The TedAP challenges (T-technical challenges: e-ease of use, d-digital competency; A-abuse of system, and P-physical examinations) have been identified under the “Challenges and Limitations” theme. Suggestions for improvement include integrating the applications and video calls on a common platform, assigning a “standby” trained audiologist, and incorporating remote fine-tuning into audiology education.

Conclusion Challenges and limitations associated with the provision of tele-audiology have been documented based on the views and experiences of audiologists in Malaysia. Despite the barriers, audiologists acknowledged the benefits associated with remote systems and recommendations were provided to improve the services. The results of this study could contribute to the increase in the use of tele-audiology in Malaysia. This would be instrumental in developing further the audiology profession in terms of the adoption of tele-audiology and telehealth in Malaysia.
China officinalis as Possible Homeopathic Prophylaxis for the Brazilian Dengue Epidemic
Authors: Olandim Ana Amélia Campos Claro , Fujino Fernanda Maria Simões da Costa , Lemonica Renata , Benites Nilson Roberti , Barnabé Vagner Doja
Published: December 2024

Dengue, a hyperendemic arbovirus thriving in tropical and sub-tropical climates globally, has seen a significant surge in Brazil over the past 5 years. Presently, the country faces an epidemic, posing a huge challenge to Public Health authorities due to the potentially lethal nature of severe infections. Based on Hahnemannian concepts and on the historically reported efficacy of homeopathy in fighting epidemics, this study aimed to provide supporting evidence for a homeopathic genus epidemicus approach to prevent severe forms of dengue. Symptoms related to the severe phase of the disease were prioritised in the repertorisation: China officinalis (Chin) received the highest total symptoms score (43 points from 21 symptoms) followed by Arsenicum album (31/13) and Phosphorus (29/14). In the asymptomatic population exposed to the etiological agent, the use of Chin might contribute as an additional strategy in the prophylaxis of dengue.
Features in the spectra of electromagnetic oscillations generated in superconducting channels
Authors: Churilov G. E. , Dmitriev V. M. , Svetlov V. N.
Published: December 2024

Spectra of high-frequency oscillations generated in superconducting channels located in the resistive current state are investigated. It is found that three types of spectra exist depending on the thickness of the specimens. The features observed in the spectra are explained by the motion of the phase slip centers of the order parameter along the specimen with a velocity 104–105 cm/sec. The duration of the voltage pulses arising in the specimen in this case is ∼ 5⋅10−8 sec.
Theory of the low-temperature susceptibility of spin systems with magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Zaslavskiĭ O. B. , Ul'yanov V. V. , Tsukernik V. M.
Published: December 2024

The energy spectrum and the magnetization and susceptibility in the ground state of a spin system describing a paramagnetic ion placed in a nonmagnetic crystal with an "easy axis" anisotropy, when the magnetic field is perpendicular to this axis, are studied. The calculations are performed exactly for some values of the spin S∼1. It is shown that for any S, the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of the spin system coincide with the first 2S+1 energy levels of some effective one-dimensional Schrödinger equation, whose potential is constructed from the hyperbolic functions. For S≫1, the effective potential corresponds to a considerably anharmonic oscillator, which transforms into a quartic oscillator at some magnetic field. The application of different variants of perturbation theory and quasiclassical and numerical methods permitted obtaining results for all values of the magnetic field and spin. It is established that for S ≥ 3/2, the susceptibility in the ground state has a maximum as a function of the field, which is a purely quantum mechanical effect due to the reconstruction of the energy spectrum.
Influence of noncentral interatomic forces on the low temperature thermodynamics of layered crystals
Authors: Feodos'ev S. B. , Syrkin E. S.
Published: December 2024

Using the method of Jacobi matrices for a particular model of a strongly anisotropic crystalline lattice, we have analyzed the influence of noncentral interaction of atoms lying in the same basal plane on the phonon density of states, on the low temperature specific heat, and on the conditions for the appearance of localized vibrations. We have shown, in particular, that in considering experimental data on the low temperature specific heat of layered crystals it is not valid to consider only the contribution due to bending vibrations.
Anisotropy of the magnetoresistance of Bi1-X SbX (0.3 ≤ X ≤ 1) alloys in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Gitsu D. V. , Malkova N. M. , Muntyanu F. M. , Onu M. I.
Published: December 2024

The anisotropy of the magnetoresistance in Bi1−xSbx(0.3≤x≤1) semimetallic alloys has been investigated at 4.2 and 77 °K in magnetic fields up to 15 T. The structure in the angular dependence of the magnetoresistance was found to be isomorphic in all alloys, which suggests that the predominant contribution to the transport of charge is from the L-electrons and H-holes.
Collective excitations of electrons localized above liquid helium in the presence of an uncompensated clamping electric field
Authors: Kovdrya Yu. Z. , Buntar' V. A.
Published: December 2024

The paper reports an investigation of high-frequency absorption by electrons localized above liquid helium in the temperature range from 0.4 to 1 °K at a frequency of 324 MHz and different values of the clamping electric field strength. It is shown that for T < 0.8 5 °K and for a constant electron density the dependence of the absorption on the clamping electric field exhibits sharp peaks, due, apparently, to the influence of the resonance effects of the collective excitations of the two-dimensional electrons in the measuring cell of finite geometry. A model proposed for the qualitative explanation of the observed effect is discussed.
Superconducting fluctuations above Tc in cold-deposited indium films with hydrogen: observation of transition from two- to zero-dimensional fluctuations
Authors: Belevtsev B. I. , Komnik Yu. F.
Published: December 2024

The fluctuation superconductivity above Tc in indium films, obtained by deposition in a hydrogen atmosphere (at pressures pH2 ranging from 2 ⋅ 10−7 to 1.2 ⋅ 10−4 torr) on a substrate with temperature ∼3 or ∼5 °K, is investigated. For a low hydrogen content, the fluctuation conductivity of the films is described well by the Aslamazov-Larkin theory for two-dimensional systems. As the hydrogen content increases, the films become granular, and the temperature dependence of the fluctuation conductivity corresponds to the presence of zero-dimensional fluctuations of the order parameter. While investigating such films, the transition from two- to zero-dimensional fluctuations in the region T > Tc, predicted by the theory of Deutscher, Imry, and Gunther, is observed the first time. It is shown that the magnitude of the zero-dimensional fluctuation conductivity and the temperatures of transitions from two- to zero-dimensional behavior agree well with this theory.
Sondheimer oscillation anomalies in the region of a generalized topological transition
Authors: Nurmagambetov A. A.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that a change in the local structures of the Fermi surface, i.e., a generalized topological transition, under external factors (high pressure, introduction of impurities) can result in the character of the Sondheimer oscillations changing. Various cases of generalized topological transitions are analyzed.
Exact solution of the Anderson model
Authors: Vigman P. B.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the Anderson model, which describes the behavior of magnetic impurities in a metal, is fully integrable. The Bethe method makes it possible to find the exact energy levels of the Anderson Hamiltonian which are used to calculate the thermodynamic functions of a magnetic alloy.

In the basic form the magnetization of an impurity is calculated as a function of the magnetic field. The regime of intermediate valency is investigated in detail.
Quasi-one-dimensional diffusion of He impurities in molecular solid hydrogen at low temperatures
Authors: Mikheev V. A. , Maidanov V. A. , Mikhin N. P.
Published: December 2024

The method of pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to investigate the diffusion of 3He impurities in the matrix of solid molecular parahydrogen at temperatures to 0.5 °K and pressures to 120 atm.

It has been shown that at an 3He concentration of ∼0.1% and pressures above 20 atm the attenuation of the NMR signal is essentially nonexponential; this is explained within the framework of a proposed model of quasi-one-dimensional diffusion of 3He along dislocation lines in the parahydrogen crystal.
Kinetics of vacancions in quantum crystals
Authors: Strzhemechnyi M. A. , Kaľnoi S. E.
Published: December 2024

A kinetic equation has been formulated for vacancions (vacancies) with allowance for the possibility of their being created and annihilated on dislocations in a crystal. The kinetic equation for vacancions is supplemented with a system of equations for elastic deformations, the changes in which are due to the displacement of dislocations as a result of the precipitation (or creation) of vacancies. The diffusion coefficient of vacancions and the contribution of the vacancion flux to the thermal conductivity have been calculated.

The results for vacancion thermal conductivity are compared with experimental data on the isochoric thermal conductivity of solid inert gases (A. I. Bondarenko, V. G. Manzhelii, and V. A. Popov).
Synergistic effect mechanism of the core state, surface state, and solvent relaxation of N-doped red carbon dots
Authors: Yang Taiqun , Zhou Huangmei , Zhao Yu , Yang Wenhui , Li Lei , Ma Chaoqun , Jia Menghui , Chen Guoqing , Zhang Sanjun
Published: December 2024

Nitrogen-doping carbon dots have attracted broad interest in recent years due to their excellent spectral properties and promising applications. However, the luminescence mechanism of these carbon dots still lacks support from time-resolved spectroscopy. In this work, carbon dots were synthesized using p-phenylenediamine as a precursor (p-CDs), and their excited state dynamics were studied using transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Experimental results reveal the origins of dual fluorescence and the synergistic effect mechanism involving the core state, the surface state, and solvent relaxation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of p-CDs was performed in cells, highlighting their great potential for applications in biological fields.
High external quantum efficiency in ultra-small amber InGaN microLEDs scaled to 1 μm
Authors: Smith Jordan M. , Li Panpan , Ley Ryan , Wong Matthew S. , Gordon Michael J. , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P.
Published: December 2024

Micro-light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) can improve existing displays and enable disruptive technologies like augmented reality (AR). However, ignoring smaller devices near 1 μm overlooks (at least) two additional size-dependent effects that improve microLED efficiency: directionality and extraction efficiency increase as size decreases, and surface recombination is reduced as indium content increases (in InGaN microLEDs). This study shows that both combined effects counteract size-dependency efficiency droop, where the magnitude of positive effects increases with indium concentration (from blue to red) in InGaN. As the microLEDs' diameter reduced from 50 to 1 μm, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 500 nm microLEDs fell from 16.5% to 14%, while the EQE of 600 nm devices increased from 2.7% to 7.1%. Although the efficiency of conventionally sized AlInGaP LEDs remains significantly higher than InGaN, the results of this study suggest that very high EQE of red microLED with sizes approaching 1 μm can be realized using InGaN materials instead of AlInGaP. In addition to improving performance, consolidating to an entirely InGaN-based microLED display would reduce costs and streamline resources to help achieve AR and other next-generation displays.
Quantum transport in randomized quantum graphs
Authors: Silva Alison A. , Bazeia D. , Andrade Fabiano M.
Published: December 2024

This work deals with quantum transport in open quantum graphs. We consider the case of complete graphs on n vertices with an edge removed and attached to two leads to represent the entrance and exit channels, from where we calculate the transmission coefficient. We include the possibility of several vertices being connected or not and associate it with a randomization parameter p. To implement the calculation, we had to introduce the transmission coefficient of randomized quantum graphs, and we also proposed a procedure to obtain the exact and approximate but reliable results for such transmission coefficients. The main results show that transport is significantly affected by the removal of connections between pairs of vertices, but they also indicate the presence of a region where the transmission is fully suppressed, even when the number of edge removals is not too small.
Mie scattering in magnetic nanoparticle agglutination-based optomagnetic biosensing
Authors: Yang Yulin , Cui Jiajun , Cui Xinchao , Liu Wenzhong , Tian Bo , Zhong Jing
Published: December 2024

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) agglutination-based optomagnetic biosensing has been applied for rapid and sensitive detection of various biomolecules. However, the underlying physics of optomagnetic biosensing remains a hurdle, especially when the size of MNPs approaches the laser wavelength, i.e., the scattering enters the Mie regime. In this study, we propose a numerical model by combining the Fokker–Planck equation and the T-matrix to explain the effect of Mie scattering on the optomagnetic signal of the agglutinated MNPs. It indicates that the orientation-dependent Mie scattering of the MNP dimer leads to an inverse optomagnetic response compared to that of the MNP monomer. The inverse optomagnetic response can dominate with the enhancement of Mie scattering. To verify the numerical model, biotinylated bovine serum albumin (biotin-BSA) is applied to agglomerate streptavidin-coated MNPs in a standard biosensing strategy representing the immuno-agglutination assay. Guided by the model, a proportion-based signal analysis is proposed to improve the performance of the MNP agglutination-based optomagnetic biosensor, which provides a picomolar detection limit for biotin-BSA (∼0.1 ng/mL) with a total assay time of 8 min, paving the way for more accurate point-of-care diagnosis.
The impact of charge regulation and ionic intranuclear environment on the nucleosome core particle
Authors: Nap Rikkert J. , Carillo Gonzalez Paola , Coraor Aria E. , Virk Ranya K. A. , de Pablo Juan J. , Backman Vadim , Szleifer Igal
Published: December 2024

We theoretically investigate how the intranuclear environment influences the charge of a nucleosome core particle (NCP)—the fundamental unit of chromatin consisting of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. The molecular-based theory explicitly considers the size, shape, conformation, charge, and chemical state of all molecular species—thereby linking the structural state with the chemical/charged state of the system. We investigate how variations in monovalent and divalent salt concentrations, as well as pH, affect the charge distribution across different regions of an NCP and quantify the impact of charge regulation. The effective charge of an NCP emerges from a delicate and complex balance involving the chemical dissociation equilibrium of the amino acids and the DNA-phosphates, the electrostatic interaction between them, and the translational entropy of the mobile solution ions, i.e., counter ion release and ion condensation. From our results, we note the significant effect of divalent magnesium ions on the charge and electrostatic energy as well as the counterion cloud that surrounds an NCP. As a function of magnesium concentration, charge neutralization, and even charge inversion is predicted—in line with experimental observation of NCPs. The strong Mg-dependence of the nucleosome charge state arises from ion bridges between two DNA-phosphates and one Mg2+ ion. We demonstrate that to describe and predict the charged state of an NCP properly, it is essential to consider molecular details, such as DNA-phosphate ion condensation and the acid–base equilibrium of the amino acids that comprise the core histone proteins.
A semiclassical non-adiabatic phase-space approach to molecular translations and rotations: Surface hopping with electronic inertial effects
Authors: Bian Xuezhi , Wu Yanze , Qiu Tian , Tao Zhen , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate that working with a correct phase-space electronic Hamiltonian captures electronic inertial effects. In particular, we show that phase space surface hopping dynamics do not suffer (at least to very high order) from non-physical non-adiabatic transitions between electronic eigenstates during the course of pure nuclear translational and rotational motion. This work opens up many new avenues for quantitatively investigating complex phenomena, including angular momentum transfer between chiral phonons and electrons as well as chiral-induced spin selectivity effects.
A pore-scale investigation of flow patterns during spontaneous and forced imbibition in fractured porous media
Authors: Sun Zhonghao , Zhang Bowen , Liu Qi , Xu Ling
Published: December 2024

Microfractures are ubiquitous in subsurface porous media due to natural and engineering activities. Imbibition in fractured porous media affects various geological engineering applications, while their behaviors have not been sufficiently understood. This study conducts spontaneous and forced imbibition experiments at various capillary numbers in micromodels with different fracture apertures. Air and mixtures of glycerol and ethanol are the non-wetting and wetting fluids, respectively. Results identify two imbibition patterns: matrix-preferential and fracture-preferential. A global capillary number is insufficient to predict flow patterns in fractured porous media. Pore-scale interfacial behaviors influence imbibition patterns by affecting the crossflow between fracture and matrix. The concave-to-convex transition of the meniscus is found in pore invasion and introduces a transient capillary resistance inhibiting the crossflow into the matrix. Cooperative pore fillings weaken the capillary resistance and promote imbibition. The crossflow from the wetting front in the fracture to the matrix driven by capillary pressure prefers matrix imbibition at low capillary numbers. A higher capillary number increases the viscous resistance and limits crossflow, which promotes the transition from matrix- to fracture-preferential imbibition. A rise in the glycerol concentration increases the viscosity and contact angle. These features increase the viscous and capillary resistance for crossflow and facilitate fracture-preferential imbibition. A wider-fracture aperture enhances the capillary-dominant matrix-preferential imbibition by increasing the capillary pressure difference, while it also has a lower viscous resistance and causes an early transition of imbibition patterns at large capillary numbers. Results are relevant to the prediction and simulation of imbibition in fractured porous media.
Energy output of shaped charge in underwater explosion
Authors: Zhang Zhifan , Zhang Jingyuan , Li Hailong , Wang Longkan , Li Bing , Zhang Guiyong
Published: December 2024

The energy output structure of the shaped charge has a significant impact on its destructive capability. Therefore, investigating the energy output structure of shaped charges in the context of underwater explosions (UNDEX) is of great importance. First, this research conducts an experimental and numerical study of the UNDEX energy output structure of hexogen blasting and shaped charges. The scaling effect of shaped charges on UNDEX was analyzed. A comparative UNDEX experiment involving blasting and shaped charges was conducted to determine their energy output characteristics. Next, a numerical model corresponding to the experiment was developed using the Euler method. On this basis, the energy ratios of three destructive elements, namely, shock waves, projectiles, and bubbles, were analyzed. Furthermore, the scale effect on the energy output structure of the shaped charge under UNDEX conditions was analyzed. Finally, the results show that the energy contributions of shock waves and bubbles generated by explosive charges account for 45.1% and 54.9% of the total energy of the charge, respectively. However, the energy contributions of the shock wave, projectile kinetic energy, and bubble from the shaped charge were 47.5%, 4.7%, and 47.8% of the total charge energy, respectively. The projectile kinetic energy was derived from the blast wave energy. Additionally, as the scale similarity ratio n of the shaped charge increases, the depletion of shock wave energy also increases, while its effect on projectile kinetic energy and bubble energy diminishes. When n = 12, the energy contributions of the shock wave, projectile kinetic energy, and bubble from the shaped charge were 43.6%, 4.8%, and 51.2%, respectively. This research offers a valuable reference for the design of underwater weapons.
High-frequency electrohydrodynamic jet printing based on meniscus vibration
Authors: Li Zihao , Zhang Yanzhen , Li Dege , Wang Jide , Xiang Teng , He Weiwei , Hu Guofang , Wu Yuyao , Xue Boce , Li Runsheng
Published: December 2024

This paper reports a novel method for achieving ultrafast electrohydrodynamic jetting realized by utilizing the meniscus vibration, accompanied by the fundamental theoretical analysis of the jetting mechanism. Different from traditional electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet, this method couples a piezoelectric actuator within the middle part of the capillary; when the driving frequency of piezoelectric actuator matches with the resonance frequencies of the liquid column in the capillary, meniscus vibration at the same frequency can be achieved; then by applying an appropriate external electric field, an EHD tip streaming synchronized with the meniscus vibration is triggered. We demonstrate that the pulsating flow field at the orifices significantly accelerates the cone sharpening, achieving the conical singularity suitable for jetting within sub-microsecond time scales. This method elevates EHD jetting frequency close to megahertz, thereby establishing a theoretical and technological foundation for the development of high-throughput EHD printing technology.
Particle migration in the flow of polymer solutions through a serpentine microchannel
Authors: Raut Sanskruti , Raihan Mahmud Kamal , Song Yongxin , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: December 2024

Serpentine microchannels have been frequently used in microfluidic devices for enhanced inertial focusing and separation of particles and cells with a reduced footprint. However, there are only a few studies on particle and cell manipulation in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through serpentine microchannels. This work presents a systematic experimental investigation of both the individual and combined effects of fluid elasticity, shear thinning, and inertia on particle migration in a symmetric serpentine microchannel. Five types of polymer solutions, which have different rheological properties with various degrees of fluid elasticity and shear thinning, are tested along with a Newtonian solution. Each of these fluid rheological effects alone is found to accelerate the particle migration toward the channel centerline, leading to a significantly smaller threshold of Reynolds number than the inertial focusing. The combination of fluid elasticity and shear thinning may further enhance this centerline particle focusing or yield multiple equilibrium particle positions at both the centerline and corners.
Docetaxel response in BRCA1,p53-deficient mammary tumor cells is affected by Huntingtin and BAP1
Authors: González-Fernández Martín , Perry Carmen , Gerhards Nora Merete , Francica Paola , Rottenberg Sven
Published: December 2024

Taxanes are frequently used anticancer drugs known to kill tumor cells by inducing mitotic aberrations and segregation defects. A defining feature of specific cancers, notably triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and particularly those deficient in BRCA1, is chromosomal instability (CIN). Here, we focused on understanding the mechanisms of docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity, especially in the context of BRCA1-deficient TNBC. Using functional genetic screens in CIN+ cells, we identified genes that mediate docetaxel response and found an interaction between Huntingtin (HTT) and BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1). We employed
Brca1
−/−
;

p53
−

/−
mammary tumor cells, derived from genetically engineered mouse tumors that closely mimic the human disease, to investigate the role of these genes in CIN+ BRCA1-deficient cells. Specifically, we observed that loss of HTT sensitizes CIN+ BRCA1-deficient mammary tumor cells to docetaxel by shortening mitotic spindle poles and increasing spindle multipolarity. In contrast, BAP1 depletion protected cells against these spindle aberrations by restoring spindle length and enhancing mitotic clustering of the extra centrosomes. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the roles of HTT and BAP1 in controlling mitotic spindle multipolarity and centrosome clustering, specifically in the absence of BRCA1. This affects the response to microtubule-targeting agents and suggests that further studies of the interaction of these genes with the mitotic spindle may provide useful insights into how to target CIN+ cells, particularly in the challenging therapeutic landscape of BRCA1-deficient TNBC.
Identification of α-galactosylceramide as an endogenous mammalian antigen for iNKT cells
Authors: Hosono Yuki , Tomiyasu Noriyuki , Kasai Hayato , Ishikawa Eri , Takahashi Masatomo , Imamura Akihiro , Ishida Hideharu , Compostella Federica , Kida Hiroshi , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Bamba Takeshi , Izumi Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Sho
Published: December 2024

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional T cells recognizing lipid antigens in a CD1d-restricted manner. Among these lipid antigens, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which was originally identified in marine sponges, is the most potent antigen. Although the presence of α-anomeric hexosylceramide and microbiota-derived branched α-GalCer is reported, antigenic α-GalCer has not been identified in mammals. Here, we developed a high-resolution separation and detection system, supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC/MS/MS), that can discriminate hexosylceramide diastereomers (α-GalCer, α-GlcCer, β-GalCer, or β-GlcCer). The B16 melanoma tumor cell line does not activate iNKT cells; however, ectopic expression of CD1d was sufficient to activate iNKT cells without adding antigens. B16 melanoma was unlikely to generate iNKT cell antigens; instead, antigen activity was detected in cell culture serum. Activity-based purification and SFC/MS/MS identified dihydrosphingosine-based saturated α-GalCer as an antigenic component in serum, bile, and lymphoid tissues. These results show the first evidence for the presence of potent antigenic α-GalCer in mammals.
Medium Modifications of Heavy-Flavor Jet Angularities in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
Authors: Li Yao , Chen Shi-Yong , Kong Wei-Xi , Wang Sa , Zhang Ben-Wei
Published: December 2024

We present the first theoretical study on heavy-flavor jet angularities (

λ
α
κ

) in Pb+Pb collisions at

s

NN

=
5.02

TeV. The initial production of heavy-flavor jets was carried out using the POWHEG+PYTHIA8 prescription. In contrast, the SHELL transport model describes jet evolution in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In p+p collisions, we observed narrower angularity distributions for D0-tagged jets than for inclusive jets, consistent with the ALICE preliminary results. We then demonstrate that jet quenching in the QGP slightly widens the angularity distribution of D0-tagged jets in Pb+Pb collisions relative to that in p+p collisions for a jet transverse momentum of

10
<

p

T
,
jet

ch

<
20

GeV/c. In contrast, the angularity distributions of the inclusive and D0-tagged jets become narrower in Pb+Pb collisions relative to p+p at

p

T
,
jet

ch

>
20

GeV/c because of the strong influence of selection bias. Additionally, by comparing the average angularities

〈

λ
α
κ

〉

of the inclusive, D0-tagged, and B0-tagged jets with varying α and κ, we show that the larger the quark mass, the lower the jet’s

〈

λ
α
κ

〉

values are. As a result of the slenderer initial distribution, we predict that compared with inclusive jets, heavy-flavor jets, especially B0-tagged ones, will suffer stronger modifications of

〈

λ
α
κ

〉

in Pb+Pb relative to p+p at

10
<

p

T
,
jet

ch

<
20

GeV/c. For a larger jet radius, a more significant broadening of the jet angularities was predicted because of the enhanced contribution of the wide-angle particles.