bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREDVIĐANJE FAKTORA OKRUŽENJA KAO MERA ZA SMANJENJE RIZIKA POSLOVANJA
Authors: Ravić Nenad
Published: May 2019

Jedno od glavnih obeležja savremenog poslovanja predstavlja nestabilnosteksternog okruženja u kome se često dešavaju različite promene koje povećavaju rizikposlovanja preduzeća. Jedan od načina da se smanji rizik poslovanja jeste planiranjeposlovnih aktivnosti i predviđanje faktora okruženja. Na taj način strategijskimenadžment preduzeća ima mogućnost da na vreme sagleda promene koje će sedogoditi u budućnosti i da pripremi organizaciju za pravovremeno prilagođavanjeistim. To je naročito važno za velika preduzeća, kojima je potrebno znatno viševremena za prilagođavanje promenama u odnosu na mala i srednja preduzeća.Metodološko-hipotetički okvir: Predmet istraživanja predstavlja predviđanje faktoraokruženja, kao i rizici u poslovanju koji se javljaju kao posledica promena uokruženju. Cilj istraživanja jeste da ukaže na značaj predviđanja faktora okruženja zasmanjenje rizika poslovanja preduzeća. U radu su korišćene metoda istraživanjarelevantne literature u štampanom i elektronskom obliku i metoda dedukcije.Hipoteza ovog rada glasi: predviđanje faktora okruženja predstavlja efektivnu meruza smanjenje rizika poslovanja. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja, može se konstatovatida je hipoteza potvrđena, odnosno, da predviđanje faktora okruženja zaista predstavljaefektivnu meru za smanjenje rizika poslovanja preduzeća. Preporuka menadžerima jeda predviđanje faktora okruženja sprovode permanentno, jer se u dinamičnomokruženju promene često dešavaju, pa izostanak predviđanja može dovesti do toga dapromene iznenade preduzeće, što može imati fatalne posledice.
SECURITY POLICY AND WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Authors: Skendžić Aleksandar
Published: May 2019

Security policy defines planning and describes goals or security procedures.Security policy can also be defined as declaration of goals to be reached byimplementation of certain procedures. The conditions under which security policy canbe operational are not specific. Rather they are general. Implementation of securitypolicy is not described as a part of the procedure and it is as a matter of fact a draft ofsecuity within a certain system. According to Peltier information security programshoud be a part of security program protecting the entire property of an organization.Security program is not created to meet security needs or requirement of revisions,but as a process providing the management with processes necessary for managingmanagement's responsibility. The management is responsible for securing appropriatemeans to control protection of property owned by a company or institution in whichsecurity policy is implemented. This work describes security policy wifi networkssituation in Croatian academic institutions (members of CARNet).
MODELI ANALIZA CIJENE KORPORATIVNIH AKCIJA
Authors: Škrbić Vojislav
Published: May 2019

Ovaj rad za predmet istraživanja ima metode analize cijene korporativnih akcijasa posebnim akcentom na obične akcije. Analiza vrijednosti, odnosno cijene akcijepredstavlja jedan od najosjetljivih aspekata vezanih za proučavanje akcija, kako uteoriji, tako i u praksi. Da bismo došli do cilja - svrhe istraživanja, kroz sam predmetistraživanja vršena je analiza cijena akcija primjenjujući više modela kao što su:vrednovanje aktive korporacije, analiza dobiti, analiza cijena i prinosa, diskontovanjedividende, te metoda novčanih tokova. Rezultat istraživanja se ogleda krozfundamentalno utvrđivanje cijene akcije, odnosno realne vrijednosti - "unutrašnjevrijednosti - intrisic value". Navedena vrijednost je izuzetno bitna, kako za vlasnikekorporacije, tako i za investitore u akcije. Nivo cijena akcija na finansijskom tržištuumnogome govori o uspješnosti korporacija, a samim tim i cjelokupne privrede. Nakraju rada dat je pregled glavnih zaključaka i njihova važnost za predmetnu temu.
МОТИВИ И ПРЕДНОСТИ ПАРТИЦИПАЦИОНИХ ПОСЛОВА
Authors: Спремo Радован
Published: May 2019

Партицпациони послови су такви послови гдје се два или више предузећаудружују у циљу обављања заједничког посла, као што је заједничка набавкасировина, опреме, заједничка производња, заједничко кредитирање, заједничкакуповина и продаја робе у своје име и за заједнички рачун. Основни мотивоваквог вида дјелатности јесте остваривање профита. У раду је за илустрацијуузет примјер партипационих послова, куповине и продаје робе, гдје сехипотетички приказује остварени профит и тиме објашњава значај и мотивиоваквог вида дјелатности.
PRIMJENA MODELA JAVNO-PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ
Authors: Vuković Vedrana
Published: May 2019

Javno-privatno partnerstvo (u nastavku rada JPP) je sve češći korišćeni obliksaradnje javnog i privatnog sektora. Lokalni razvoj zahtijeva povećanje nivoakvaliteta pruženih javnih usluga kao i razvoj novih usluga na lokalnom nivou. U ciljupodizanja kvaliteta javnih usluga potrebno je unaprijediti lokalnu javnuinfrastrukturu. To zahtijeva investicije koje premašuju finansijske mogućnostiRepulike Srpske. Da bi se riješio taj problem RS je prinuđena da pronalazialternativne izvore finansiranja, pa se primjena modela JPP nameće kao jedno odmogućih rješenja za prevladavanje finansijskih ograničenja. Kombinacija resursa ifinansijskih sredstava javnih i privatnih partnera se pokazala uspješnom u zemljama uEvropi, pa se i na prostorima RS prepoznaje kao jedan od ključnih elemenata zaprevazilaženje krize i osnova budućeg ekonomskog napretka. Saradnja javnog iprivatnog partnera ogleda se u stvaranju dodatne vrijednosti, povećanju efikasnosti ipoboljšanju organizacionog kapaciteta,tj. u zadovoljavaju interesa obje strane. Zaprivatne investitore realizacija projekata putem primjene modela JPP daje mogućnostgeografskog širenja i investiranja na novim tržištima, ali obezbjeđuje i doprinosprojektu koji je atraktivan sa komercijalnog stanovišta. Za javni sektor primjenomovog modela postiže se bolji nivo pruženih javnih usluga za isti nivo ulaganjaodnosno isti nivo kvaliteta po nižim cijenama.
STAVOVI ZAPOSLENIH I USPJEŠNOST PROMJENA U ORGANIZACIJI
Authors: Bandur Miodrag
Published: May 2019

Prezentiranim istraživanjem nastojalo se dokazati da su pozitivni stavovizaposlenih jedan od bitnih preduvjeta za realizaciju promjena u organizacijama, ali ida su negativni stavovi zaposlenih značajna kočnica za provedbu tih promjena.Istraživanje je obavljeno na dva kvotna uzorka. Prvi veličine 120 ispitanika (n=120), avršeno je pomoću strukturiranog anketnog upitnika posebno pripremljenog za ovusvrhu, izravnim anketiranjem 2015.g. Ispitanici su bili zaposlenici u malim hotelima spodručja srednje Dalmacije, Republika Hrvatska. Drugi kvotni uzorak su činiliispitanici-menadžeri zaposleni u (n=30) istim tim hotelima. Stavovi zaposlenih suutvrđeni s pomoću 10 stupnjevane Lickertove ljestvice, a zadovoljstvo menadžmentas provedbom organizacijskih promjena pomoću MSQ tehnike (prilagođenogMinnesota upitnika za ovu svrhu). Veza kao sučeljavanje između stavova zaposlenihprema promjenama i zadovoljstva menadžmenta s promjenama u hotelima utvrđena jes pomoću Pearsonovih koeficijenata korelacije. Dobiveni rezultati dokazujupostojanje jake korelacije između pozitivnih, ali i negativnih stavova zaposlenih sastupnjem realizacije promjena u organizaciji i poslovanju hotela.
UTICAJ NATO-A NA POLITIKU PROŠIRENJA EVROPSKE UNIJE
Authors: Lakić Danijela
Published: May 2019

Jedan od osnovnih faktora koji određuje politiku proširenja EU i izbor zemalja koje ćepostati njene nove članice je odnos Evropske unije i Sjevernoatlantskog saveza. Od dvadeseti osam današnjih članica EU, njih dvadeset i dvije su članice NATO-a. Nakon „10+2“proširenja Evropske unije, iz 2004/2007. godine, pristupanje Sjevernoatlantskom savezusmatra se dodatnim, nezvaničnim uslovom stupanja u članstvo EU. Dosadašnja istorijaproširenja ove dvije organizacije ukazuje nam da proces proširenja NATO-a prethodiproširenju EU.
KRIVIČNO DJELO OTMICA U KRIVIČNOM ZAKONU REPUBLIKE SRPSKE S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA ZAKONSKA RJEŠENJA ZEMALJA U OKRUŽENJU
Authors: Ubiparipović Suzana , Tadić Anđelko
Published: May 2019

U ovom radu naša pažnja će prije svega biti usmjerena na analizu zakonskog određenjakrivičnog djela otmica u krivičnom zakonu Republike Srpske. Na samom početku ćemo rećiriječ, dvije o pojmu, karakteristikama i pravnoj prirodi otmice. S obzirom da u našemkrivičnom zakonu pored osnovnog postoje tri kvalifikovana i jedan privilegovani oblik unastavku rada ćemo posebno obraditi svaki od ovih oblika dajući pojašnjenja koja se odnosena radnju i sredstva izvršenja, zatim na cilj koji se želi postići, kao i na posljedice koje semogu javiti usljed izvršenja ovog krivičnog djela. U trećem dijelu ovog rada ćemo izvršitipoređenje zakonskog opisa krivičnog djela otmica u Republici Srpskoj u odnosu na zakonskarješenja koja postoje u zemljama okruženja navodeći sličnosti i razlike, dajući kritički osvrtna data rješenja.
Available software for meta-analyses of genome-wide expression studies
Authors: Forero Diego A
Published: May 2019

Advances in transcriptomic methods have led to a large number of published genome-wide expression studies (GWES), in humans and in model organisms. For several years, GWES involved the use of microarray platforms to compare genome-expression data for two or more groups of samples of interest. Meta-analysis of GWES is a powerful approach for the identification of differentially expressed genes in biological topics or diseases of interest, combining information from multiple primary studies. In this article, I review the main features of available software for carrying out meta-analysis of GWES. I describe seven packages from the Bioconductor platform and 5 packages from the CRAN platform. In addition, nine previously described programs and two online programs are reviewed. Finally, I discuss advantages and disadvantages of these available programs and propose key points for future developments.
A review: Possible optimization of Cas9-sgRNA nuclease delivery via ingested lipid nanoparticles bioencapsulated within plant cell-based enfolding
Authors: Hillman Tatiana
Published: May 2019

The possibility of gene editing to correct disorders is one of the most impactful therapeutic agents, currently. CRISPR Cas9-sgRNA nucleases can be used to cleave and to delete harmful or pathogenic DNA sequences, which cause genetic disorders. Cas9 nuclease includes palindromic repeats that cut and delete a single point mutation or multiple DNA target site sequences. The Cas9, attached to a sgRNA or a guiding RNA, finds and then cleaves the target DNA sequence. The Cas9-sgRNA method of cleavage has corrected DNA mutations that cause cataracts in the eyes, cystic fibrosis, and chronic granulomatous disease. However, there are issues with an effective delivery of Cas9-sgRA to target DNA sequences. Delivering Cas-9 nucleases are negatively affected by off-target DNA sites, sgRNA design, off-target cleavage, Cas9 activation, and the method of delivery. This review focuses on oral and ingested delivery methods to effectively guide the transport of Cas9-sgRNA nucleases in vivo. This review presents possible alternatives for nuclease delivery within optimized lipid-nanoparticles, plant, algae, and bacterial-based orally ingested edibles. This review attempts to provide evidence in support of the higher effectiveness of ingesting therapeutic bioencapsulated edibles because the edibles can directly contact immune cells within the gastrointestinal tract for blood or lymph circulation.
Impact study of data locality on task-based applications through the Heteroprio scheduler
Authors: Bramas Bérenger
Published: May 2019

The task-based approach has emerged as a viable way to effectively use modern heterogeneous computing nodes. It allows the development of parallel applications with an abstraction of the hardware by delegating task distribution and load balancing to a dynamic scheduler. In this organization, the scheduler is the most critical component that solves the DAG scheduling problem in order to select the right processing unit for the computation of each task. In this work, we extend our Heteroprio scheduler that was originally created to execute the fast multipole method on multi-GPUs nodes. We improve Heteroprio by taking into account data locality during task distribution. The main principle is to use different task-lists for the different memory nodes and to investigate how locality affinity between the tasks and the different memory nodes can be evaluated without looking at the tasks’ dependencies. We evaluate the benefit of our method on two linear algebra applications and a stencil code. We show that simple heuristics can provide significant performance improvement and cut by more than half the total memory transfer of an execution.
Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: the role of environmental gradients and major rivers
Authors: Alves-Martins Fernanda , Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , Juen Leandro , De Marco Jr Paulo , Stropp Juliana , Hortal Joaquín
Published: May 2019

Background

We identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability.

Methods

We used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors.

Results

At the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales.

Discussion

Our findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata.
Anaemia in Pregnancy at Booking: Prevalence and Risk Factors among Antenatal Attendees in a Southern Nigeria General Hospital
Authors: Iyanam Victory E. , Idung Alphonsus U. , Jombo Henry E. , Udonwa Ndifreke E.
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite the fact that anaemia is a preventable morbidity in most cases, its prevalence among pregnant women is still unacceptably high especially in rural and sub-urban settings. This is worrisome considering the enormous contribution of anaemia to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia at booking, identifying and describing its risk factors among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of General Hospital, Etinan, a sub-urban area in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria.

Methodology:  This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 375 pregnant women seen at the antenatal (booking) clinic of General Hospital, Etinan, between April and October 2018, recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic, family and nutritional characteristics and obstetric and medical history of the respondents. Blood sample of each respondent was obtained from the median cubital vein, analysed with haemoglobinometer and their haemogloin (Hb) level determined and classified.

Results:  The age of the respondents ranged from 15-49 years with mean and standard deviation of 26.62 + 6.29 years. Results obtained show that out of 375 pregnant women, 265 had Hb <11g/dl giving 70.67% of anaemia among them. While 18.49% had mild anaemia (Hb:10.0-10.9g/dl), 4.15% had severe anaemia(Hb:<7.0g/dl). Anaemia was statistically associated with rural residence (p=0.024), low educational status (p=0.02), low family income (p=0.003), being married (p=0.016), lower parity (p=0.000), late booking (p=0.001), non-use of family planning (p=0.000), non-use of insecticide-treated nets (p=0.000), febrile illness in index pregnancy (p=0.000) and poor nutrition (p=0.000).

Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the study is high. This has far-reaching negative implications on the health status of the women during pregnancy, delivery and puerperum and that of the fetus. The need for preconception  counseling and screening, health and nutrition education, early booking, contraception, treatment and prevention of causes of febrile illness, priority to girl child education and overall poverty eradication measures and recommended.
Floristic Composition in Chronosequence in Atlantic Rainforest Fragments
Authors: Pinto Andréa V. F. , Silva Maria A. M. , Leite Maria J. H. , Silva Girlânio H. , Leite Ana V. L. , Nascimento Ladivânia M. , Silva Ana C. B. Lins e , Rodal Maria J. N.
Published: May 2019

Secondary forests play an important role in tropical landscapes and have important ecological functions such as the ability to accumulate biomass. Although the literature points to the convergence between primary and secondary forests, however there are few studies in Atlantic Rainforest in a chronosequence to show it. This study aimed to characterize the changes of floristic composition in a chronosequence (5, 16, 24, 30 years of regeneration and mature forest) in the Atlantic Rainforest. In each forest 30 plots of 10 × 10 m were installed for canopy sampling, and within these 100 m2 were installed plots of 5 × 5 m for sampling the woody sub-forest at the lower left corner. The growth habits analyzed were arboreal (diameter at breast height, DBH ≥ 5 cm), shrubs (DBH < 5 cm and stem diameter at ground level > 1 cm), herbs, epiphytes and climbing plants. The results suggest that from 16 young forests tended to converge with the mature forest in terms of the proportion of growth forms.
The impact of the three degrees‐of‐freedom fiducial marker‐based setup compared to soft tissue‐based setup in hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Tanabe Satoshi , Utsunomiya Satoru , Abe Eisuke , Sato Hiraku , Ohta Atsushi , Sakai Hironori , Yamada Takumi , Kaidu Motoki , Aoyama Hidefumi
Published: May 2019

Purpose

We evaluated the setup accuracy of a three‐degree‐of‐freedom fiducial marker (3DOF‐FM)‐based setup compared to a soft tissue (ST)‐based setup in hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed the setup accuracy for 17 consecutive prostate cancer patients with three implanted FMs who underwent hypofractionated IMRT. The 3DOF‐ST‐based setup using cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) was performed after a six DOF‐bony structure (BS)‐based setup using an ExacTrac x‐ray system. The 3DOF‐FM‐based matching using the ExacTrac x‐ray system was done during the BS‐ and ST‐based setups. We determined the mean absolute differences and the correlation between the FM‐ and ST‐based translational shifts relative to the BS‐based setup position. The rotational mean shifts detected by the ExacTrac x‐ray system were also evaluated.

Results

The mean differences in the anterior‐posterior (AP), superior‐inferior (SI), and left‐right (LR) dimensions were 0.69, 0.0, and 0.30 mm, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for both shifts were 0.92 for AP, 0.91 for SI, and 0.68 for LR. The percentages of shift agreements within 2 mm were 85% for AP, 93% for SI, and 99% for LR. The absolute values of rotational shifts were 0.1° for AP, 0.3°, and 1.2° for LR.

Conclusions

The setup accuracy of the 3DOF‐FM‐based setup has the potential to be interchangeable with a ST‐based setup. Our data are likely to be useful in clinical practice along with the popularization of the hypofractionated IMRT in prostate cancer.
Eliciting information and cues to deceit through sketching in interpreter‐based interviews
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Fisher Ronald P. , Mann Samantha , Jo Eunkyung , Shaboltas Alla , Khaleeva Maria , Granskaya Juliana , Houston Kate
Published: May 2019

As interviewees typically say less when an interpreter is present, we examined whether this was caused by interpreters not interpreting everything interviewees says or by interviewees providing less information. We further examined (a) the effect of a model drawing on providing information and (b) the diagnostic value of total details and the proportion of complications as cues to deceit. Hispanic, Russian, and South Korean participants were interviewed by native interviewers or by a British interviewer through an interpreter. Truth tellers discussed a trip they had made; liars fabricated a story. Participants received no instruction (condition 1) or were instructed to sketch while narrating without (condition 2) or with (condition 3) being given examples of detailed sketches. Interviewees said less when an interpreter was present because they provided less information. Truth tellers gave more details and, particularly, obtained a higher proportion of complications than liars. The sketching manipulation had no effect.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Patients With a Negative Antinuclear Antibody Meeting the American College of Rheumatology and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tarazi Meera , Gaffney Rebecca G. , Kushner Carolyn J. , Chakka Srita , Werth Victoria P.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disorder that is heterogeneous and can be difficult to diagnose. One hallmark of the disease is the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), a feature that has been incorporated into multiple classification criteria over the years. In this study, we used a database of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) to determine how many had a negative ANA and met criteria for SLE using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria.

Methods

We used a database of 301 biopsy‐proven CLE patients that contained information including ANA status and the presence of features of SLE. The database was searched for patients who had a negative ANA result and whether or not they met SLE criteria using the ACR and/or SLICC criteria.

Results

Of the 301 patients with biopsy‐proven CLE and a known ANA, 111 had a negative ANA test (36.9%) and 27 had an ANA test that fluctuated (33.3%). In all, 20 ANA‐negative patients met SLE criteria (18.0%), and 12 patients with a fluctuating ANA test met SLE criteria (44.4%). Of all patients who had either a negative or fluctuating ANA result and who met criteria for SLE (n = 32), 27 patients had involvement of ≥1 organ system other than skin (84.4%), and 13 patients had involvement of ≥2 organ systems other than skin (40.6%).

Conclusion

Our results show that an ANA is not always present in patients with systemic disease. This fact should be taken into consideration when devising SLE classification criteria to be used for clinical trials.
Meta‐Analysis of Treatment for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Chu Lucy L. , Cui Kangping , Pope Janet E.
Published: May 2019

Objective

The current focus of treatment in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is symptom management. Since SS is an autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement, systemic immunosuppression may have a role in improving signs and symptoms and preventing progression. We undertook this review to assess the efficacy and safety of immunomodulation on primary SS from randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Methods

Five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched to include RCTs for the treatment of SS. Primary outcome measures included ocular dryness, oral dryness, tear production, and salivary function. Serious adverse events (AEs) and withdrawals due to AEs were also assessed.

Results

The search yielded 32 trials evaluating 19 different medications. The average duration of diagnosis was long (up to 9.2 years). Twenty‐two trials examined ocular and oral dryness, for which only 2 and 4 trials showed statistically significant improvements, respectively. No studies found a benefit for tear production; few studies found improvements for unstimulated salivary flow (3 of 16 RCTs) and stimulated salivary flow (2 of 14 RCTs). Meta‐analysis at 6 months found improvements as compared to placebo for unstimulated salivary flow (P = 0.003) and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.007). No differences were seen for serious AEs, but there were increased withdrawals from AEs (risk ratio 2.33; P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Reducing inflammation potentially improves salivary gland function. No individual immunomodulatory drug demonstrated a consistent benefit in xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Further work is needed to identify SS patients with an ability to improve and with outcomes that are valid and sensitive to change within clinical trials. Tradeoffs in the future between benefit and safety may also be important, because more withdrawals occurred with active treatment.
Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance from Magnetic Coupling of Magnetic Nanoparticles Suspended within Hierarchically Tubular Composite
Authors: Wu Zhengchen , Pei Ke , Xing Linshen , Yu Xuefeng , You Wenbin , Che Renchao
Published: May 2019

The microwave absorption (MA) performance of carbon materials is severely hindered by their drawbacks of lacking magnetic loss ability and mismatched electromagnetic impedance. In this work, utilizing sustainable biomass kapok as a template, the hierarchically tubular C/Co nanoparticle composite is rationally constructed to acquire the enhanced MA performance for the first time. The fruit‐tree‐like hierarchical structure is composed from a “trunk” of kapok‐derived carbon microtubes, a “branch” of entangled carbon nanotubes, and “fruit” of Co nanoparticles embedded in the nanotubes. Such a hierarchically tubular structure offers the composite: i) a submillimeter‐scale 3D magnetic coupling network and reinforced magnetic loss ability, ii) a hierarchical dielectric carbon network, iii) better matched impedance, confirmed by the off‐axis electron holography and micromagnetic simulation. Accordingly, the as‐prepared hierarchically tubular carbon composite demonstrates impressive MA performance, with a maximum reflection loss of as much as −52.3 dB and a broad absorption bandwidth of 5.1 GHz. These encouraging achievements light the way to the development of the hierarchical microstructure of magnetic absorbents.
Integration of Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors with Thin Film Electronics for On‐Chip Energy Storage
Authors: Hota Mrinal K. , Jiang Qiu , Wang Zhenwei , Wang Zhong Lin , Salama Khaled N. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: May 2019

The development of self‐powered electronic systems requires integration of on‐chip energy‐storage units to interface with various types of energy harvesters, which are intermittent by nature. Most studies have involved on‐chip electrochemical microsupercapacitors that have been interfaced with energy harvesters through bulky Si‐based rectifiers that are difficult to integrate. This study demonstrates transistor‐level integration of electrochemical microsupercapacitors and thin film transistor rectifiers. In this approach, the thin film transistors, thin film rectifiers, and electrochemical microsupercapacitors share the same electrode material for all, which allows for a highly integrated electrochemical on‐chip storage solution. The thin film rectifiers are shown to be capable of rectifying AC signal input from either triboelectric nanogenerators or standard function generators. In addition, electrochemical microsupercapacitors exhibit exceptionally slow self‐discharge rate (≈18.75 mV h−1) and sufficient power to drive various electronic devices. This study opens a new avenue for developing compact on‐chip electrochemical micropower units integrated with thin film electronics.
Encrypted Thermal Printing with Regionalization Transformation
Authors: Hu Run , Huang Shiyao , Wang Meng , Luo Xiaobing , Shiomi Junichiro , Qiu Cheng‐Wei
Published: May 2019

Artificially structured thermal metamaterials provide an unprecedented possibility of molding heat flow that is drastically distinct from the conventional heat diffusion in naturally conductive materials. The Laplacian nature of heat conduction makes the transformation thermotics, as a design principle for thermal metadevices, compatible with transformation optics. Various functional thermal devices, such as thermal cloaks, concentrators, and rotators, have been successfully demonstrated. How far can it possible go beyond just realizing a heat‐distribution function in a thermal metadevice? Herein, the concept of encrypted thermal printing is proposed and experimentally validated, which could conceal encrypted information under natural light and present static or dynamic messages in an infrared image. Regionalization transformation is developed for structuring thermal metamaterial‐strokes as infrared signatures, enabling letters of the alphabet to be written, paintings to be drawn, movies to be made, and information to be displayed. This strategy successfully demonstrates an extreme level of manipulation of heat flow for encryption, illusions, and messaging.
Retracted: Phosphorus‐Rich Colloidal Cobalt Diphosphide (CoP2) Nanocrystals for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Hui , Wen Peng , Itanze Dominique S. , Kim Michael W. , Adhikari Shiba , Lu Chang , Jiang Lin , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M.
Published: May 2019

Developing earth‐abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting is critical to realizing a high‐performance solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion process. Herein, phosphorus‐rich colloidal cobalt diphosphide nanocrystals (CoP2 NCs) are synthesized via hot injection. The CoP2 NCs show a Pt‐like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalytic activity in acidic solution with a small overpotential of 39 mV to achieve −10 mA cm−2 and a very low Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the high P content both physically separates Co atoms to prevent H from over binding to multiple Co atoms, while simultaneously stabilizing H adsorbed to single Co atoms. The catalytic performance of the CoP2 NCs is further demonstrated in a metal–insulator–semiconductor photoelectrochemical device consisting of bottom p‐Si light absorber, atomic layer deposition Al–ZnO passivation layers, and the CoP2 cocatalyst. The p‐Si/AZO/TiO2/CoP2 photocathode shows a photocurrent density of −16.7 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an output photovoltage of 0.54 V. The high performance and stability are attributed to the junction between p‐Si and AZO, the corrosion‐resistance of the pinhole‐free TiO2 protective layer, and the fast HER kinetics of the CoP2 NCs.
Photo(electro)catalytic Nitrogen Fixation: Problems and Possibilities
Authors: Vu Manh‐Hiep , Sakar Mohan , Hassanzadeh‐Tabrizi Sayed Ali , Do Trong‐On
Published: May 2019

Photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation is considered as a competing alternative for the Haber–Bosch (HB) process due to the direct production of ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen and water with zero carbon dioxide emission, which has made it a very hot research topic in recent years. Particularly, photo‐driven nitrogen reduction has been attracted to a specific focus in the scientific community since it can be powered by limitless solar energy at ambient conditions. However, unsolved challenges have remained to date such as, electron–hole separation, low quantum efficiency, weak visible light harvesting, catalytic selectivity, N2 adsorption, and activation. In this Review, the recent achievements and related approaches toward nitrogen fixation are presented. In addition, the discussions on mechanistic photofixation of nitrogen, catalytic engineering design, and the outlook for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of ammonia photosynthesis are also devoted. Finally, the emerging trend of advanced photo(electro)catalysts for nitrogen fixation is proposed.
Mussel‐Glue Inspired Adhesives: A Study on the Relevance of l‐Dopa and the Function of the Sequence at Nanomaterial‐Peptide Interfaces
Authors: Venkatareddy Narendra L. , Wilke Patrick , Ernst Natalia , Horsch Justus , Weber Marcus , Dallmann Andre , Börner Hans G.
Published: May 2019

Mussel glue‐proteins undergo structural transitions at material interfaces to optimize adhesive surface contacts. Those intriguing structure responses are mimicked by a mussel‐glue mimetic peptide (HSY*SGWSPY*RSG (Y* = l‐Dopa)) that was previously selected by phage‐display to adhere to Al2O3 after enzymatic activation. Molecular level insights into the full‐length adhesion domain at Al2O3 surfaces are provided by a divergent‐convergent analysis, combining nuclear Overhauser enhancement based 2D NOESY and saturation transfer difference NMR analysis of submotifs along with molecular dynamics simulations of the full‐length peptide. The peptide is divided into two submotifs, each containing one Dopa “anchor” (Motif‐1 and 2). The analysis proves Motif‐1 to constitute a dynamic Al2O3 binder and adopting an “M”‐structure with multiple surface contacts. Motif‐2 binds stronger by two surface contacts, forming a compact “C”‐structure. Taking these datasets as constraints enables to predict the structure and propose a binding process model of the full‐length peptide adhering to Al2O3.
Catalyst‐Free and Morphology‐Controlled Growth of 2D Perovskite Nanowires for Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Ghoshal Debjit , Wang Tianmeng , Tsai Hsin‐Zon , Chang Shao‐Wen , Crommie Michael , Koratkar Nikhil , Shi Su‐Fei
Published: May 2019

Ruddleson–Popper (RP) perovskites have emerged as a class of material inheriting the superior optoelectronic properties of two materials: perovskites and 2D materials. The large exciton binding energy and natural quantum well structure not only make these materials ideal platforms to study light–matter interactions but also render them suitable for fabrication of various functional optoelectronic devices. Nanoscale structuring and morphology control have led to semiconductors with enhanced functionalities. Nanowires of semiconducting materials are extensively used for important applications like lasing and sensing. However, catalyst and template‐free scalable growth of nanowires of 2D perovskites has remained elusive. In this paper, a facile approach for morphology‐controlled growth of nanowires of 2D perovskite, (BA)2PbI4, is demonstrated. Additionally, it is shown that the photoluminescence (PL) from the nanowires is highly polarized with a polarization ratio as large as ≈0.73, which is one of the largest reported for perovskites. It is further shown that the photocurrent from the hybrid nanowire/graphene device is also sensitive to the polarization of the incident light with the photocurrent anisotropy ratio of ≈3.62 (much larger than the previously reported value of 2.68 for perovskites), thus demonstrating the potential of these nanowires as highly efficient photodetectors for polarized light.
A Highly Sensitive Perovskite/Organic Semiconductor Heterojunction Phototransistor and Its Device Optimization Utilizing the Selective Electron Trapping Effect
Authors: Luo Lin‐Bao , Wu Guo‐An , Gao Yang , Liang Lin , Xie Chao , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Tong Xiao‐Wei , Wang Tao , Liang Feng‐Xia
Published: May 2019

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials have recently attracted attention due to their impressive physical properties and promising application in future optoelectronic devices and systems. In this study, a high‐performance and broadband photodetector comprising vertically stacked Cs‐doped formanidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite/dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene heterojunction, which shows a high responsivity of 778 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of 1.04 × 1013 Jones, is reported. In addition, the photodetector displays excellent stability and broadband responsivity to illumination ranging from deep‐ultraviolet to near‐infrared light. It is interesting to note that doping a small amount of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) into the perovskite film results in a substantial increase in responsivity, specific detectivity, and photoconductive gain. Specifically, the specific detectivity is as high as 7.96 × 1013 Jones, which is much higher than that of other devices with similar geometries. The device optimization can be ascribed to an enhanced electron–hole separation ability and increase in electron accepting sites that can selectively trap electrons in the perovskite–PCBM bulk heterojunction, according to results from the experimental analyses.
Momentum‐Resolved Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering from a Nanowire–Nanoparticle Junction Cavity
Authors: Vasista Adarsh B. , Chaubey Shailendra K. , Gosztola David J. , Wiederrecht Gary P. , Gray Stephen K. , Kumar G. V. Pavan
Published: May 2019

Herein experimental evidence of directional surface enhanced Raman scattering from molecules situated inside a single nanowire–nanoparticle junction cavity is reported. The emission is confined to a narrow range of wavevectors perpendicular to the axis of the cavity. In addition to this, the molecules excite multiple guided modes of the nanowire which are imaged using leakage radiation Fourier microscopy. The emission wavevectors are further characterized as a function of output polarization. The excited guided modes of the wire show interesting polarization signatures. All the results are corroborated using finite element method based numerical simulations. Essentially, an important connection between gap‐cavity enhanced Raman scattering and its directionality of emission is provided. The results may be of relevance in understanding the cavity electrodynamics at the nanoscale and molecular coupling to extremely small gaps between a 1D and a 0D plasmonic nanostructure.
Boron Nanosheets for Efficient All‐Optical Modulation and Logic Operation
Authors: Guo Qiangbing , Wu Kan , Shao Zhengpeng , Basore Endale T. , Jiang Peng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: May 2019

Due to its unique trivalent electronic configuration, boron features richer properties as well as higher chemical and structural complexities compared with its right neighbor carbon. Consequently, over a decade later than the exfoliation of graphene, borophene has just been experimentally demonstrated on certain metal substrates and under ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions, which, however, limit its wide and in‐depth experimental researches. Here, for the first time, by employing liquid‐exfoliated boron nanosheets, all‐optical signal processing application is explored based on its superior photo‐thermal response. A stable all‐optical modulator is presented, which shows significantly faster response speed and higher modulation efficiency compared with other 2D materials‐based similar devices. Furthermore, boron nanosheets‐based all‐optical logic gating operations are also demonstrated. This work not only presents an excellent 2D material‐based all‐optical signal processing device, but also marks a significant step toward optical and photonic researches as well as device applications of 2D boron.
CsPbBr3‐Quantum‐Dots/Polystyrene@Silica Hybrid Microsphere Structures with Significantly Improved Stability for White LEDs
Authors: Yang Weiqiang , Gao Fei , Qiu Yue , Liu Weizhen , Xu Haiyang , Yang Lili , Liu Yichun
Published: May 2019

Cesium‐lead‐halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), which have superior optical and electronic properties, are regarded as excellent materials for various optoelectronic devices. However, their unstable nature greatly hinders their practical application. Herein, a simple hydrolysis encapsulation method is developed to embed PQDs into mesoporous polystyrene microspheres (MPMs) followed by a silica shell covering process, which generates luminescent PQDs/MPMs@SiO2 hybrid microspheres with significantly enhanced stability. The obtained CsPbBr3‐PQDs/MPMs@SiO2 hybrid microspheres show a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 84%. More importantly, the MPMs@silica protective shells effectively cut off direct contact between outer erosive species and the inner embedded PQDs and modify the hybrid microspheres with ultralong alkyl chains for improved resistance to solvents and heat. Hence, these CsPbBr3‐PQDs/MPMs@SiO2 hybrid microspheres exhibit good chemical/physical stabilities, even when exposed to harsh environments, such as deionized water, isopropanol, acid/alkali solution, anion‐exchange reactions, and heating. Particularly, the water stability, which produced the remaining ≈48% proportion of the initial fluorescence intensity after a quite long aqueous storage period of 30 d, is the best reported among the stability‐related studies of PQDs. Meanwhile, white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are achieved by mixing green CsPbBr3‐PQDs/MPMs@SiO2 microspheres with red commercial phosphors on a blue chip. High power efficiency of 81 lm W−1 and good electroluminescence stability are obtained.
Stress‐Induced 3D Chiral Fractal Metasurface for Enhanced and Stabilized Broadband Near‐Field Optical Chirality
Authors: Tseng Ming Lun , Lin Zhan‐Hong , Kuo Hsin Yu , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Huang Yi‐Teng , Chung Tsung Lin , Chu Cheng Hung , Huang Jer‐Shing , Tsai Din Ping
Published: May 2019

Metasurfaces comprising 3D chiral structures have shown great potential in chiroptical applications such as chiral optical components and sensing. So far, the main challenges lie in the nanofabrication and the limited operational bandwidth. Homogeneous and localized broadband near‐field optical chirality enhancement has not been achieved. Here, an effective nanofabrication method to create a 3D chiral metasurface with far‐ and near‐field broadband chiroptical properties is demonstrated. A focused ion beam is used to cut and stretch nanowires into 3D Archimedean spirals from stacked films. The 3D Archimedean spiral is a self‐similar chiral fractal structure sensitive to the chirality of light. The spiral exhibits far‐ and near‐field broadband chiroptical responses from 2 to 8 µm. With circularly polarized light (CPL), the spiral shows superior far‐field transmission dissymmetry and handedness‐dependent near‐field localization. With linearly polarized excitation, homogeneous and highly enhanced broadband near‐field optical chirality is generated at a stably localized position inside the spiral. The effective yet straightforward fabrication strategy allows easy fabrication of 3D chiral structures with superior broadband far‐field chiroptical response as well as strongly enhanced and stably localized broadband near‐field optical chirality. The reported method and chiral metasurface may find applications in broadband chiral optics and chiral sensing.
Biocatalysis: A Pharma Perspective
Authors: Adams Joseph P. , Brown Murray J. B. , Diaz‐Rodriguez Alba , Lloyd Richard C. , Roiban Gheorghe‐Doru
Published: May 2019

Biocatalysis over the past few years has matured into an essential tool for modern, cost effective and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing. While some reaction classes are well established, and may even be the option of first intent, other more recently discovered enzyme classes are being rapidly developed both in academia and industry. Notwithstanding this, there are further promising enzymes that require further investment and investigation to allow their future industrial use. We here outline GSK's perspective on the current status of biocatalysis for pharmaceutical manufacturing and provide our views on areas of significant potential.

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Ambipolarity and Air Stability of Silicon Phthalocyanine Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Melville Owen A. , Grant Trevor M. , Mirka Brendan , Boileau Nicholas T. , Park Jeongwon , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: May 2019

Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) are a class of conjugated, planar molecule that have recently been investigated for use in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) due to their variable structure and ease of synthesis. Bottom‐gate, bottom‐contact OTFTs with four SiPc derivatives used as the semiconducting layers are prepared using physical vapor deposition. Devices using bis(pentafluorophenoxy) silicon phthalocyanine (F10‐SiPc) deposited on 140 °C substrates demonstrate electron field‐effect mobilities (μ) of up to 0.54 cm2 V−1 s−1, among the best currently reported for N‐type phthalocyanine‐based transistors. All materials show dramatic changes in charge transport when characterized under vacuum (P < 0.1 Pa) compared to in air at atmospheric pressure, typically switching from electron majority charge carriers to holes, with the change dependent on material structure and energetics. F10‐SiPc is close to balanced ambipolar in air, with μ around 5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 for both holes and electrons. These results demonstrate SiPcs' potential as N‐type semiconductors in OTFTs as well as their adjustable charge transport as affected by operation environment.
Enhanced yeast surface display of β‐glucuronidase using dual anchor motifs for high‐temperature glycyrrhizin hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Xudong , Feng Xudong , Lv Bo , Zhou Anqi , Hou Yuhui , Li Chun
Published: May 2019

β‐Glucuronidases (GUSs) have been widely used for the modification of natural glucuronide compounds, but the low reusability and stability of GUSs have limited their large‐scale use. In this study, PGUS (GUS from Aspergillus oryzae) and AtGUS (GUS from Aspergillus terreus) were independently displayed on the surface of Pichia pastoris via the Pir1 or Agα1 anchoring motif for the efficient preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) using glycyrrhizin (GL) hydrolysis. The PGUS displayed using Pir1 had 35‐fold increased activity than free PGUS. The displayed PGUS also exhibited 6.92‐fold higher thermostability at 70°C than free PGUS and retained 75% activity after 10 consecutive runs. Furthermore, the activity of displayed PGUS was increased by 1.44‐fold by using the dual complementary anchoring motifs Agα1 and Pir1. A new GL biotransformation process at elevated temperature (60°C) was designed with the displayed PGUS that shows considerable potential for use in the industrial production of GA.
Race and the Criminal Justice System Response to Sexual Assault: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shaw Jessica , Lee HaeNim
Published: May 2019

Highlights

We review prior research on race and the criminal justice system response to sexual assault.

Studies varied in race focus, theory use, sample composition, and how and whose race was measured.

Seemingly disparate findings were not‐so‐disparate after considering individual study features.

Race‐based oppression, like all forms of oppression, is cumulative and must be contextualized.

Researchers yield a great power, and responsibility, in deciding how to include race in research.