bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Paediatricians
Authors: Zia Fatima , Qamar Hafsa , Aslam Irum , Siddiqui Muhammad Asif
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of Paediatricians who have good knowledge for diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: It is cross-sectional study conducted in department of Paediatric Medicine, Children Hospital, Lahore, Jinnah Hospital and Services Hospital Lahore, in 6 months duration, spanning from June 27, 2016 till December 27, 2016. A total of 89 doctors fulfilling the inclusion criteria were registered after informed consent. Demographic data (including age, sex, qualification and duration of clinical experience) was taken. Doctors were given a questionnaire to assess their knowledge of ASD. The questionnaire was a nineteen-item self-administered questionnaire divided into four domains namely, social interaction (Domain 1), impairment in communication (Domain 2), repetitive behavior (Domain 3), characteristics of autism as a disorder and its comorbidities (Domain 4). The KCAHW sore ≥ 15 was considered as good. Data was entered and analyzed in (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: The mean age of subjects was 30.67±2.80 years with 31(31%) physicians male and 69(69%) were females. The mean KCAHW score was 15.07±3.54 with minimum and maximum score of 7 and 19. According to operational definition a total of 62(62%) subjects had good knowledge while 38(38%) physician had score < 15. Conclusion: Though 68% of paediatricians had good knowledge about childhood autism according to our study. The physicians who had poor knowledge, must be considered for different educational activities to enhance their knowledge regarding ASD, which may help in early diagnosis and improving prognosis of children with ASD. Key Words: Paediatricians, Autism spectrum disorder How to Cite: Zia F, Qamar H, Aslam I, Siddiqui MA. Assessment of knowledge about autism spectrum disorder among paediatricians. Esculapio.2020;16(04):83-86.
Pattern of Anemia among Primigravida Attending the Antenatal Clinic of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bushra Natasha , Wasim Ahmad Zunair , Feroze Jamshid , Masood Maria
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of anemia, severity, its various types and determinants among primigravida attending the antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was cross sectional study conducted in Antenatal clinic, Gynecology and Obstetrics department, Services Hospital Lahore for duration of one year from 01-07-2017 to 30-06-2018. All primigravida presenting to antenatal clinic for their first antenatal visit uptil 24 weeks were included in study. Blood samples of the patients was sent in complete blood count vial to pathology laboratory. Patients having hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl were labelled as anemia and typing was done according to RBC indices, S. Ferritin and hemoglobin electrophoresis if required. Characteristics of patients anemic and nonanemic patients were compared. Severity of anemia was also noted. Results: Total 210 primigravida were screened and 53 (25.2%) patients were found to be anemic. Iron deficiency anemia was noted in 40(75.5%) patients, beta thalassemia in 9(17.0%) patients and megaloblastic anemia in 4(1.9%) patients. Mild anemia was seen in 28(52.8%), moderate anemia in 19(35.8%) and severe anemia in 6(11.3%) primigravida. The mean age of the patients was 25.68±4.68 years in patients without anemia and 26.47±4.76 in patients with anemia. The mean gestational age at booking was 16.15±4.87 weeks for non anemic patients and 22.23±3.67 weeks for anemic patients (p<0.05). Mean hemoglobin in anemic patients was 9.2+0.8 mg/dl while 11.1+0.6mg/dl in nonanemic patients (p<0.05). Illiteracy, low socio- economic status and no intake of iron supplementation had significant association with anemia (p<0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of anemia among primigravida attending the antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital was 25.2% and the most common type was iron deficiency anemia. Poverty, illiteracy, late booking and no iron and folic acid intake were significant determinants of anemia. Key Words: Anemia, Primigravidas, Iron deficiency anemia How to Cite: Bushra N, Wasim A.Z, Feroze J, Masood M. Pattern of anemia among primigravida attending the antenatal clinic of tertiary care hospital. Esculapio.2020;16(04):92-96.
A Comparison between Bupivacaine Alone and Bupivacaine with Tramadol in Epidural Block for Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Khaleeq Saadia , Ali Azib , Shafiq Sahir , Butt Muhammad Muazzam , Aslam Mudassar , Jehangir Muhammad Usman
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was designed to compare the mean pain score with bupivacaine versus tramadol plus bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Randomized Controlled Study. Anesthesia department of SIMS medical college/Services Hospital, Lahore. Duration is 13 months from 20th August2017 till 24th September 2018. Method: 80 patients aged 20-60 years of ASA I & II status, undergoing elective surgery were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and B) of 40 each, using random numbers table. An epidural catheter was placed at L3-L4 intervertebral level. Group A was given 30 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and Group B was given 25mg Tramadol plus 0.125% bupivacaine mixture in the same volume. General anesthesia was induced with IV Propofol 2mg/kg and atracurium 0.5mg/kg. After recovery from anesthesia, patients were shifted to HDU. Post-operative pain was assessed using the 10-point VAS score. Injection nalbuphine 0.1mg/kg was given as rescue analgesic when VAS score became more than 4. Results: The mean age of patient in Group A was 37.5 ± 9.1 years and 38.6 ± 7.0 years in Group B. Mean BMI in Group A was 33.2 ± 4.3 and 32.2 ± 4.2 in Group B. The mean pain score after 12 hours of surgery was 3.6 ± 0.8 in Group A and 1.5 ± 0.9 in Group B, p value was significant. Conclusion: Thus, the present study concludes that epidural administration of tramadol as adjuvant with bupivacaine is more effective in postoperative pain relief as compared to bupivacaine alone. Key Words: Bupivacaine, Epidural, Postoperative pain, Tramadol. How to Cite: Khaleeq S, Ali A, Shafiq S, Butt M M, Aslam M, Jehangir MU. A Comparison between Bupivacaine alone and Bupivacaine with Tramadol in epidural block for postoperative pain management. Esculapio.2021;17(1): page number. Esculapio.2020;16(04):101-104.
Shoulder Tip Pain in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Active vs Passive Evacuation of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Arif Anum , Nofal Sabih , Khan Muhammad Atif , Khan Abdul Waheed , Bhatti Ahsin M , Ishaq Syed Haider
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the frequency of severity of shoulder tip pain after active (gas suctioning) and passive removal of pneumoperitoneum among patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This Observational comparative study was directed in general surgery department of DOW university hospital beginning from February 2016 to February 2017. Two hundred and six patients undergoing standard 4 port laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled equally in either groups. The surgeon evacuated the abdomen by using a multiporous suction tube limiting the negative suction pressure to - 40 mmHg for 2-5 minutes under direct vision in active aspiration group, while in control group, CO2 was removed passively. Pain scores were recorded using visual analog score at 16 hours post-operatively by residents of surgery blinded to the study. Results: Mean VAS pain score at 16 hours in intervention group was much inferior than control group 1.00 ±2.09 vs. 3.06 ± 2.58 ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Active aspiration of CO2 is an effective method that removes most if not all gas from the abdominal cavity. This will cause statistically significant decrease post-operative discomfort, pain and decrease need of rescue analgesics. Key Words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Pneumoperitoneum, Active Aspiration, shoulder tip pain, post- laproscopic cholecystectomy pain How to Cite: Arif A, Nofal S, Khan MA, Khan AW, Bhatti AM, Ishaq SH. Shoulder tip pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with active vs passive evacuation of pneumoperitoneum. Esculapio. 2020;16(04):116-119.
Otra vez la campaña del miedo
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 717, 2008: 371-377.
El FMLN y la lucha revolucionaria salvadoreña. Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Rey Tristán Eduardo , Álvarez Alberto Martín
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 717, 2008: 441-447.
El Salvador 2009... en la mira
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 717, 2008: 463-468.
El Salvador 2009... en la mira
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 717, 2008: 469-474.
El Salvador 2009... en la mira
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 717, 2008: 475-480.
El Salvador 2009... en la mira
Authors: Editor El
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 717, 2008: 481-486.
Effective administration of university leadership in a selected institution in Durban
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, Ngwane Knowledge Siyabonga Vusamandla , Ngwane C. N.
Published: March 2021

University leadership and administration is a critical aspect as it is about the functioning of the entire institution. Effective and efficient administration of the university relies on the principal. Leading proponents encourage transformational leadership, moral stewardship, principal as an instructional leader, and principal as a communicator or community builder. Discovering effective leadership and administration mechanisms can help teach university decision and policy makers to implement leadership development which will lead to improved student achievement. The purpose of this article is to investigate the university senior leadership and its administration in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness holistically. The problem resulting to conducting of this study is the high level of both students and staff demonstrations annually in the selected university, these strikes end up affecting teaching, learning and research within the institution. The underlying question the study intends to address is: “Which factors hinder effective and efficient university administration?” Educational leadership changes from a managerial orientation to promote the significance of concentrating on the learning and teaching process and student success. Educational institution leaders’ competencies are always associated with continuous training and development they receive to make them better leaders. Hence, training and development in university leadership requires a systematic planning which will result to excellent institution education. In order to explain the phenomenon under study better, the Burns transformational theory founded by James MacGregor Burns will be utilised. The positivism paradigm is the philosophy adopted for this study. The survey will be conducted at the Durban University of Technology with the intention to address the question and the objective of the study. The questionnaires will be administered to 30 senior management members within the institution, including the Vice Chancellor and his Deputy, Deans, Directors and HODs.
Plants of the exposition of the flora of the Far East of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, listed in the Red Book of Russia
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: March 2021

At present, the exposition of the flora of the Far East of the GBS RAS is represented by 626 specimens of 379 species belonging to 197 genera belonging to 76 families. The collection includes 20 plant species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: Adlumia asiatica Ohwi, Aralia continentalis Kitag., Aralia cordata Thunb., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Betula schmidtii Regel, Deutzia glabrata Kom., Dioscorea nipponica , Epimedium macrosepalum Stearn, Hydrangea petiolaris Siebold & Zucc., Iris ensata Thunb., Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz., Larix gmelinii var. olgensis (A. Henry) Ostenf. & Syrach, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Paeonia obovata Maxim., Prinsepia sinensis (Oliv.) Hallier, Quercus dentata Thunb., Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim., Sanguisorba magnifica I. Schischk. & Kom., Rhodiola rosea L. Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. The tested species belong to the following categories: 1 - endangered (Aristolochia manshuriensis, Sanguisorba magnifica), 2 - decreasing in numbers and / or distribution (Adlumia asiatica, Aralia continentalis, A. cordata, Deutzia glabrata, Dioscorea gippmeonica, Larix gmelinii var.olgensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Prinsepia sinensis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii). The remaining 9 species belong to category 3 - rare plant species. According to the integrated indicator of introduction resistance, all tested species can be classified as resistant and highly resistant under culture conditions. Keywords: PLANT INTRODUCTION, NATIVE FLORA OF THE FAR EAST, RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS, RED DATA BOOK OF RUSSIA, MOSCOW, N. V. TSITSIN MAIN BOTANICAL GARDEN RAS
Key Concepts in AI Safety: An Overview
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Rudner Tim , Toner Helen
Published: March 2021

This paper is the first installment in a series on “AI safety,” an area of machine learning research that aims to identify causes of unintended behavior in machine learning systems and develop tools to ensure these systems work safely and reliably. In it, the authors introduce three categories of AI safety issues: problems of robustness, assurance, and specification. Other papers in this series elaborate on these and further key concepts.
Processes contributing to cloud dissipation and formation events on the North Slope of Alaska
Authors: Sedlar Joseph , Igel Adele , Telg Hagen
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Clear-sky periods across the high latitudes have profound impacts on the surface energy budget and lower atmospheric stratification; however an
understanding of the atmospheric processes leading to low-level cloud dissipation and formation events is limited. A method to identify clear
periods at Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska, during a 5-year period (2014–2018) is developed. A suite of remote sensing and in situ
measurements from the high-latitude observatory are analyzed; we focus on comparing and contrasting atmospheric properties during low-level (below
2 km) cloud dissipation and formation events to understand the processes controlling clear-sky periods. Vertical profiles of lidar
backscatter suggest that aerosol presence across the lower atmosphere is relatively invariant during the periods bookending clear conditions, which
suggests that a sparsity of aerosol is not frequently a cause for cloud dissipation on the North Slope of Alaska. Further, meteorological analysis
indicates two active processes ongoing that appear to support the formation of low clouds after a clear-sky period: namely, horizontal advection,
which was dominant in winter and early spring, and quiescent air mass modification, which was dominant in the summer. During summer, the dominant
mode of cloud formation is a low cloud or fog layer developing near the surface. This low cloud formation is driven largely by air mass modification under relatively quiescent synoptic conditions. Near-surface aerosol particles concentrations changed by a factor of 2 around summer formation events. Thermodynamic adjustment and increased aerosol presence under quiescent atmospheric conditions are hypothesized as important mechanisms for fog formation.
Interhemispheric transport of metallic ions within ionospheric sporadic E layers by the lower thermospheric meridional circulation
Authors: Yu Bingkun , Xue Xianghui , Scott Christopher J. , Wu Jianfei , Yue Xinan , Feng Wuhu , Chi Yutian , Marsh Daniel R. , Liu Hanli , Dou Xiankang , Plane John M. C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Long-lived metallic ions in the Earth's atmosphere (ionosphere) have been investigated for many decades. Although the seasonal variation in ionospheric “sporadic E” layers was first observed in the 1960s, the mechanism driving the variation remains a long-standing mystery. Here, we report a study of ionospheric irregularities using scintillation data from COSMIC satellites and identify a large-scale horizontal transport of long-lived metallic ions, combining the simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with the chemistry of metals and ground-based observations from two meridional chains of stations from 1975–2016. We find that the lower thermospheric meridional circulation influences the meridional transport and seasonal variations of metallic ions within sporadic E layers. The winter-to-summer meridional velocity of ions is estimated to vary between −1.08 and 7.45 m/s at altitudes of 107–118 km between 10–60∘ N. Our results not only provide strong support for the lower thermospheric meridional circulation predicted by a whole atmosphere chemistry–climate model, but also emphasize the influences of this winter-to-summer circulation on the large-scale interhemispheric transport of composition in the thermosphere–ionosphere.
A Phase Separation Inlet for Droplets, Ice Residuals, and Interstitial
Aerosol Particles
Authors: Koolik Libby , Roesch Michael , Franco Deloya Lesly J. , Shen Chuanyang , Hallar A. Gannet , McCubbin Ian B. , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A new inlet for studying the aerosol particles and hydrometeor residuals that compose mixed-phase clouds – the phaSe seParation Inlet for Droplets icE residuals and inteRstitial aerosol particles (SPIDER) – is described here. SPIDER combines a Large-Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (L-PCVI), a flow tube evaporation chamber, and a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (PCVI) to separate droplets, ice crystals, and interstitial aerosol particles for simultaneous sampling. Laboratory verification tests of each individual component and then the composite SPIDER system were conducted. SPIDER was then deployed at Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL), a mountain-top research facility at 3210 m a.s.l. in the Rocky Mountains. SPIDER performance as a field instrument is presented with data that demonstrates its capability of separating cloud elements and interstitial aerosol particle. Possible design improvements of SPIDER are also suggested.
Review and syntheses: Impacts of turbidity flows on deep-sea benthic communities
Authors: Bigham Katharine T. , Rowden Ashley A. , Leduc Daniel , Bowden David A.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Turbidity flows – underwater avalanches – are large-scale physical disturbances that are believed to have profound and lasting impacts on benthic communities in the deep sea, with hypothesized effects on both productivity and diversity. In this review we summarize the physical characteristics of turbidity flows and the mechanisms by which they influence deep-sea benthic communities, both as an immediate pulse-type disturbance and through longer-term press-type impacts. Further, we use data from turbidity flows that occurred hundreds to thousands of years ago as well as three more recent events to assess published hypotheses that turbidity flows affect productivity and diversity. We find, unlike previous reviews, that evidence for changes in productivity in the studies was ambiguous at best, whereas the influence on regional and local diversity was more clear-cut: as had previously been hypothesized, turbidity flows decrease local diversity but create mosaics of habitat patches that contribute to increased regional diversity. Studies of more recent turbidity flows provide greater insights into their impacts in the deep sea, but without pre-disturbance data, the factors that drive patterns in benthic community productivity and diversity, be they physical, chemical, or a combination thereof, still cannot be identified. We propose criteria for data that would be necessary for testing these hypotheses and suggest that studies of Kaikōura Canyon, New Zealand, where an earthquake-triggered turbidity flow occurred in 2016, will provide insights into the impacts of turbidity flows on deep-sea benthic communities as well as the impacts of other large-scale disturbances such as deep-sea mining.
Technical note: Accelerate coccolith size separation via repeated centrifugation
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Liu Chuanlian , Mejía Luz María , Stoll Heather
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Coccolithophores play a key role in the marine carbon cycle and ecosystem.
The carbonate shells produced by coccolithophore, named as coccolith, could
be well preserved in the marine sediment for millions of years and become an
excellent archive for paleoclimate studies. The micro-filtering and
sinking–decanting methods have been successfully designed for coccolith
separation and promoted the development of geochemistry studies on
coccolith, such as the stable isotopes and Sr / Ca ratio. However, these two
methods are still not efficient enough for the sample-consuming methods. In
this study, the trajectory of coccolith movement during a centrifugation
process was calculated in theory and carefully tested by separations in
practice. We offer a MATLAB code to estimate the appropriate parameter,
angular velocity at a fixed centrifugation duration, for separating certain
coccolith size fractions from bulk sediment. This work could improve the
efficiency of coccolith separation, especially for the finest size fraction,
and make it possible to carry out the clumped isotope and radio carbon analyses
on coccoliths in sediment.
Climate change impacts model parameter sensitivity – implications for calibration strategy and model diagnostic evaluation
Authors: Melsen Lieke Anna , Guse Björn
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Hydrological models are useful tools for exploring the impact of climate change. To prioritize parameters for calibration and to evaluate hydrological
model functioning, sensitivity analysis can be conducted. Parameter
sensitivity, however, varies over climate, and therefore climate change could
influence parameter sensitivity. In this study we explore the change in
parameter sensitivity for the mean discharge and the timing of the discharge,
within a plausible climate change rate. We investigate whether changes in sensitivity propagate into the calibration strategy and diagnostically compare three hydrological models based on the sensitivity results. We
employed three frequently used hydrological models (SAC, VIC, and HBV) and explored parameter sensitivity changes across 605 catchments in the United
States by comparing GCM(RCP8.5)-forced historical and future
periods. Consistent among all hydrological models and both for the mean
discharge and the timing of the discharge is that the sensitivity of snow parameters decreases in the future. Which other parameters increase in
sensitivity is less consistent among the hydrological models. In 45 %
to 55 % of the catchments, dependent on the hydrological model, at
least one parameter changes in the future in the top-5 most sensitive
parameters for mean discharge. For the timing, this varies between
40 % and 88 %. This requires an adapted calibration strategy
for long-term projections, for which we provide several suggestions. The
disagreement among the models on the processes that become more relevant in
future projections also calls for a strict evaluation of the adequacy of the
model structure for long-term simulations.
Implementasi Standar Pengelolaan untuk Peningkatan Mutu Layanan Pembelajaran Pada SMAN 1 Nagrak Sukabumi dan SMAS Pasundan Bandung
Authors: Pratama Panji , Yulianto Hendra , Cepi Berlian Ujang , Iriantara Yosal
Published: March 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak besar pada segenap lini kehidupan, tidak terkecuali pendidikan. Lembaga pendidikan terpaksa mengubah kegiatan belajar mengajar dari konvensional ke daring. Pemerintah mengonstruksi regulasi agar mutu pelayanan pembelajaran sesuai tujuan nasional pendidikan, termasuk dalam menghadapi kondisi darurat seperti Pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis penerapan instrumen akreditasi Standar Pengelolaan sebagai kajian mutu pelayanan pembelajaran di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dengan sampel sekolah yang digunakan adalah dua yakni SMAN 1 Nagrak Kabupaten Sukabumi dan SMA 3 Pasundan Bandung. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif berupa dokumen KTSP dan hasil wawancara dengan Wakil Kepala Sekolah Bidang Kurikulum. Berdasarkan hasil analisis melalui intrumen akreditasi standar pengelolaan pada dua sekolah yang diteliti didapatkan poin yang cukup besar yakni SMA Negeri 1 Nagrak: 96 poin dan SMA 3 Pasundan: 95 poin, sehingga bisa dikatakan sekolah-sekolah tersebut mendapatkan poin yang maksimal.
Staatswissen und Staatsbildung. Der statistische Blick auf Niederösterreich 1790–1848
Authors: Török Borbála Zsuzsanna
Published: March 2021

State Knowledge and State Building. Descriptive Statistics in Lower Austria 1790–1848. This chapter analyses the Lower Austrian statistical practice at the end of the 18th and in the early 19th century in its broader scientific and administrative context by focusing on the creation of a statistical-topographic collection on the regional level. The collection’s format demonstrates the existence of hitherto unexplored connections between academic Staatenkunde and topography as complementary methods of the contemporary sciences of the state. On the administrative level, the collection highlights the similarly unexplored regional level in statistical data management in the Habsburg Monarchy during the first half of the long 19th century. The changing formats of data collection reveal the process by which regional elites adapted to the cadastral and statistical efforts of the central government during the Franciscan period, as well as its public use. Ultimately, the history of the collection exemplifies the intertwined regional and central levels of state-building, in which the regional participants held considerable infrastructural powers.
Gegenmacht!? Arbeiter*innenbewegungen 1867–1914
Authors: Evers John
Published: March 2021

Counterpower!? Workers’ Movements 1867–1914. This chapter outlines the efforts of workers in Lower Austria in the 19th century to represent their interests through collective mobilization and organization. From the 1880s onwards, this resistance was expressed – also from a global perspective – in a massive wave of industrial action, the formation of supra-regional and inter-professional trade unions and the rise of politically independent workers’ parties as important players. The focus of this contribution is in line with these international developments, which also had an impact on Lower Austria. The development of workers’ movements from 1890 to 1913 and their impact on the different fields of (counter)power in Lower Austria is examined in detail.
Wald – Wissen – Staat. Die Formierung des Forstfachs
Authors: Garstenauer Rita
Published: March 2021

Forest – Knowledge – State. The Emergence of Forest Science. The role of wood as a resource changed during 19th century from the main source of energy to an important material for industries and the building sector. This transitional process emerged together with the development of forestry as a technological practice and as a field of research and policy. More than other economic sectors, forest management required governance transferred to rural areas. Forsteinrichtung was a technological approach to this aim; Forstpolizei focused on the legal and administrative regulations. The actors in this process were a group of (often noble) forest owners and their expert staff. In the course of the development of both government structures and academic institutions over the course of the century, the power of definition shifted from forest owners to forestry experts. As the main forest hinterland of the capital Vienna, Lower Austria and its forests played a defining role in this process.
Handelsverbindungen zwischen zentraleuropäischem Binnenmarkt, regionalem Warenaustausch und globalen Güterketten
Authors: Kaps Klemens
Published: March 2021

Trade Links between the Central European Domestic Market, Regional Trade and Global Commodity Chains. The integration of Lower Austria’s economy into global interactions intensified in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Vienna and Trieste replaced old centres of trade intermediation such as Krems an der Donau. The purchase of raw materials and luxury goods and the sale of commercial goods in the Mediterranean and Atlantic region were handled via these two metropolises. In addition to the merchants in Trieste and Vienna, trade centres further afield also played a significant role, and local intermediary nodes in Lower Austria itself were also important. Migration processes, the foundation of companies, and investments resulted in a complex process of market consolidation from the local and regional to the global level. Steam shipping, rail connections and the growth of the financial sector transformed the material structure and functioning of the networks in the second half of the 19th century, but not the commercial geography.
Incidence Rate of Musculoskeletal Injuries among Professional Tennis Players during 2019 International Tournaments in Indonesia
Authors: Abadi Mokhammad R. , Widyahening Indah S. , Sudarsono Nani C. , Tobing Ade J.
Published: March 2021

Several studies have indicated that musculoskeletal injuries are common during a professional tennis competition. However, data from a tropical country like Indonesia is lacking. This study aimed to obtain the incidence rate and injury characteristics and identify risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries among professional tennis players competing in Indonesia under the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The study was a prospective cohort during professional tennis tournaments in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2019, consisting of the ITF Women’s Circuit Indonesia (two weeks) and ITF Men’s Future Indonesia (three weeks). All athletes were enrolled in this study. Injuries were assessed based on the ITF Consensus Statement. Incidence rate was the number of injuries per 1000 player hours (i.e., the total duration from before the match starts to completion of the match after the final point). The magnitude of risk was expressed as a relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Independent risk factors were identified using multivariate analyses. A total of 161 tennis players were enrolled; 71 (44.1%) were men. Their mean age was 22 years old. The incidence rate of musculoskeletal injuries was 30.8 injuries per 1000 player hours (95% CI: 28.2–33.5). The most common onset was acute injuries (61.1%), while the most common location and type of injury was the trunk (38.9%) and muscle strain (61.1%). Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injury were higher body height, skill level, history of previous injury, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) zone. There was no injury during the doubles matches. Previous injury was an independent risk factor (adjusted RR: 48.1 (95% CI: 11.3–155.0; p < 0.001). The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among professional tennis player is considerably high. Factors associated with injury are body height, skill level, previous injury, and WBGT zone. Future injury prevention programmes should incorporate the management of previous injuries and take into account the effect of environmental temperature.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP E-PROCUREMENT DI BAGIAN PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Teten Teten
Published: March 2021

This research is to describe, analyze and interpret the Implementation of Procurement Principles in the Goods / Services Procurement Section of the Samarinda City Regional Secretariat through a research focus: effective, efficient, transparent, open, competitive, fair, and accountable, as well as to find out what are the supporting factors and the barrier. Collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the principles of efficiency, effectiveness still need to be improved, the principles of transparency, openness have worked well. The principle of competition, fairness, is still an indication of intervention. The application of the accountable principle requires better archive management to facilitate auditing.Keyword : e-government, e-procurement, atransparent, accountable
LAYANAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK PADA PUSAT PELAYANAN TERPADU PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK “CITRA TEPIAN” KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Kondorura Oktovianus , Sutadji Sutadji , Apriani Fajar
Published: March 2021

The research objectives were to determine the type of service, analyze and identify supporting factors and inhibiting factors for empowerment services for women and children in Samarinda City. With this type of qualitative research. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Then the interactive model data analysis technique. The results of research on empowerment services for women and children at the Integrated Service Center for Empowerment of Women and Children "Citra Tepian" Kota Samarinda include the provision of information and data collection services through hotline calls or through the SIPPEKA application. Medical and psychological referral services are carried out in collaboration with hospitals and HIMPSI, legal aid services are provided for victims of women and child violence from the police office to the court and in the mediation stage. Safe home services to provide protection for victims. Supporting factors for empowerment services for women and children at the Integrated Service Center for Empowerment of Women and Children "Citra Tepian" Kota Samarinda, namely the existence of an application, namely the SIPPEKA application, while the inhibiting factors are the lack of human resource availability, lack of facilities and infrastructure and lack of budget support.Keywords: Women's and Children’s Empowerment Services, Integrated Service Centers
Organization and activities of Montenegro`s political emigration of in Constantinople after death of king Nikola (1921)
Authors:   University of Montenegro and a regular member of CANU, BANU and DANU, Rastoder Šerbo
Published: March 2021

The paper treats one important issue for Montenegrin historiography, which refers to the Montenegrin emigration and its activities in Constantinople, after the death of King Nikola in 1921. Based on hitherto unpublished historical sources, the paper presents numerous details related to the activities of the Montenegrin emigration, which was relocated to Italy until the death of King Nikola, and after that the largest number of emigrants moved to Constantinople. These are political emigrants who did not accept the loss of independence of Montenegro, after the Pogorica Assembly in 1918, and did not agree with the policy of the new state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In this regard, the paper presents very interesting and diverse activities of Montenegrin emigration, and gives a clear picture of their commitment to Montenegro, its statehood and independence, and through their political activities and life in Constantinople.
”Turkish paragraph” of the Vidovdan constitution (1921): Scope and limitations
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo, Bandžović Sead
Published: March 2021

Among the major consenquences of the World War I, besides huge destructions and human casualties, disappearance of old empires (Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Rusian and German) and emerge of new states in Europe under international influence can be mentioned. In December 1918 State of Croats, Serbs and Slovenians had united with Kingdom of Serbia and formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later renamed in Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929). Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a part of this Kingdom, changed its political subjectivity in few phases which was a result of political processes and internal conflicts of Serbian, Croatian and other politicians. In this paper the focus is put on the Vidovdan Constitution, its promulgation with special review of Article Nr. 135 of this Constitution also known as Turkish Article. This Article managed to preserve teritorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians until 1924. when, according to the other provisions of the Constitution, the process of govermnent establishing had finished and the new centralised governing sistem came into power.
Determining the indentity of the enemy in the directives of the Main headquarters and the High command of the Army of Republic of Srpska
Authors:   Institute for Research of Crimes against Humanity and International Law, University of Sarajevo, Šadinlija Mesud
Published: March 2021

Among the numerous open questions of contemporary historiography regarding the breakdown of Yugoslavia and its consequences, the issues connected to the post-Yugoslav wars still cause the most disputes. Even in the case of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, waged from 1992 to 1995, all of the important questions concerning its causes, character and consequences, are still considered open, whereby the dubious interpretative discourses are often constructed on the basis of an approach which is founded on the narrowing of the jointly observed historical phenomena. The attempts to construct and legitimize the corresponding particular interpretations of the character of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina through a narrow and selective approach applied in the identifications of the warring sides and their mutual relations are not rare. In such situations the most reliable methodological approach in the framework of historical science is to return the focus from the level of interpretation to the historical sources, their analysis, determining the authenticity and relevance for the collection of issues in question. In this work we will dedicate our attention to the directives of the Main Headquarters and the High Command of the Army of Republic of Srpska issued during 1992-1995 in those parts in which these documents perform the identification and determination of the enemy.
The concept and characteristics of inheritance in Roman law
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Zenica, Huseinspahić Ajdin , Oruč Esad ,   International Burch University
Published: March 2021

Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the circle of countries of the Romano-Germanic legal system, and whose roots go back to the time of the ancient Roman leges regiae. In this paper, we present the concept of the development of inheritance law from the original institutes, which over time became very inefficient. Thus, the original agnatic kinship, which was the main reason for inheriting and constituting legal inheritance orders, was upgraded with cognate kinship even in the period of the development of part-time law. At the same time, both types of kinship existed in parallel, so that the final cognate kinship in the last phase of the development of law would be the only type of kinship that was relevant in inheritance-legal relations. Over time, Roman citizens put pressure on the authorities to enact regulations that would replace inefficient institutions of inheritance law with more efficient and socially acceptable ones. How the authorities in ancient Rome dealt with the legal illogicalities and inefficient institutes by replacing them with more efficient ones is shown in the paper before you.
Review: Senaid Hadžić, Adnan Velagić, Balkanska Prskozorja: – od idejā do ujedinjenjā – Jugoistočna Evropa u „dugom“ 19. stoljeću (1790-1918), Mostar 2019, 490 str.
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Krpić Amir
Published: March 2021

Review: Senaid Hadžić, Adnan Velagić, Balkanska Prskozorja: – od idejā do ujedinjenjā – Jugoistočna Evropa u „dugom“ 19. stoljeću (1790-1918), Mostar 2019, 490 str.
Destruction and usurpation of Bakir-beg Tuzlic`s property
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Šabotić Izet
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the probate and the procedure of liquidation of debts, and the usurpation of peasant settlements of deceased Bakir-beg Tuzlic. The process of liquidation of debts was conducted before the District Sharia Court in Tuzla. Bakir-beg Tuzlic was the last descendant of the captain and bey family Tuzlic, who as a landowner played a significant role in the economic and political life of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Austro-Hungarian rule. This is a time with many temptations for the entire population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and especially for Bosniaks, who did not accept the fact that they fell under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. For this reason, a number of other problems arose. Bosniak landowners were particularly dissatisfied with their status, although they were politically privileged to some extent by the Austro-Hungarian authorities. The biggest problem, however, was the constant attack on their estates by the peasants, who sought the opportunity to occupy peasants and bay’s lands, to which the bey's landowners opposed. Nevertheless, the process of buying and usurping the lands took place throughout the Austro-Hungarian administration, which greatly weakened the bey's class economically. The attempt to economically stabilize the beys required taking loans that were unfavorable from the aspect of high interest rates, which additionally brought this class into an unenviable economic and political position. Such was the case with Bakir-beg Tuzlic, one of the largest landowners in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a representative of Bosniaks in political life during that period. Such a situation was especially visible, after his death in 1910, and the conduct of the procedure of liquidation of debts and redemption of the cift (land) of the deceased Bakir-beg Tuzlic. The stated debts and the decline of the property of Bakir-beg Tuzlic are a confirmation of the economic weakening and unsustainability of the landowner, bey class in the Austro-Hungarian period. After the death of Bakir-beg Tuzlic, his property and lands were decimated, which brought his heirs to an unenviable economic position and status.
Wars and ways of deosmanization of the Balkans (1912-1923)
Authors:   Institute of History, University of Sarajevo, Bandžović Safet
Published: March 2021

The dramatic currents of the history of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Balkans cannot be seen in a more comprehensive way, separate from the wider European / world context, geopolitical order, influence and consequences of the interesting logics of superpowers, models of de-Ottomanization and Balkanization. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was in a difficult position, pressured by numerous internal problems, exposed to external political pressures, conditions and wars. Crises and Ottoman military defeats in the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the "Great War" (1914-1918), along with the processes of de-Ottomanization and fragmentation of the territories in which they lived and the growth of divisions, disrupted the self-confidence of Muslims. Expulsions and mass exoduses of entire populations, especially Muslims, culminated in the Balkan wars. Bosniaks, as well as Muslims in the rest of "Ottoman Europe", found themselves in the ranks of several armies in the "Great War". Many Muslims from the Balkans, who arrived in the vast territory of the Empire in earlier times as refugees, also fought in the units of the Ottoman army. In that war it was defeated. On its remnants, a new state of Turkey (1923) was created after the Greco-Ottoman war (1919-1922).
COMPUTING TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF SiO2 LAYER STRUCTURE AND BENZENOID SERIES
Authors: Muhammad M. H. , Garcia Guirao Juan Luis , Rehman N. A. , Siddiqui M. K.
Published: March 2021

A molecular graph can be transformed using map operations, one of these, named Capra, being defined by Diudea (2005). Topological indices are closely related to the toxicological, physicochemical, pharmacological properties of a chemical compound. These topological indices correlate certain physico-chemical properties like boiling point, stability and strain energy of chemical compounds. In this paper, we focus on the Silicate SiO2 layer structure and the structure of Capra-designed planar benzenoid series , (). We determined Zagreb type indices, Forgotten index, Augmented index and Balaban index for these structures.
COMPARISON OF THE CO2 EMISSIONS FROM TWO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION PROCESSES THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION
Authors: MANGILI P. V. , DIAS R. F. , SANTOS L. S. , PRATA D. M.
Published: March 2021

The increase in greenhouse gases emissions has incurred major concerns about the environment. As a result, important concepts have been developed to furnish possible measures to mitigate ecological impacts. A relevant example to be pointed out is the concept of eco-efficiency, which is usually evaluated through eco-indicators and represents a useful tool for the analysis of environmental impacts associated with the industry. In this concern, this work aims to evaluate, through eco-indicators, the CO2 emissions from two maleic anhydride production plants (via benzene and via n-butane) and compare their eco-efficiency, with basis on computational simulation. Hence, it will be possible to evaluate the suitability of eco-indicators for analyzing ecological effects of industrial plants.
SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC ACTIVATED CARBONS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors: RUIZ S. V. , SILVA H. S.
Published: March 2021

The application of magnetic particle technology has shown great potential to solve problems in advanced technological areas/fields. Materials which exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature are particularly interesting because, among other applications, they are able to adsorb molecules of interest from liquid or gaseous streams and could be separated through the use of a magnetic field. In this work, magnetic activated carbons (MACs) were prepared by the deposition of a magnetic phase onto the porous structure of an activated carbon (AC) obtained from industrial waste (peach stones). Different methods to introduce the magnetic phase onto the porous matrix were used. The variation on the textural properties of MAC in contrast with the corresponding AC, was evaluated from adsorption of nitrogen at 77K studies. The magnetic phase was identified by XRD and the surface chemical composition by EDS. The behavior of MACs under a variable external magnetic field (hysteresis cycle) and under a fixed external magnetic field, was analized.
INCORPORATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MANGO PEEL (Mangifera indica L. Cv. “Tommy Atkins”) INTO CORN STARCH–BASED ORAL DISINTEGRATING FILMS
Authors: GUERRA Ana Paula , BITENCOURT CERVI Camila , DOS SANTOS GARCIA Victor Augusto , DA SILVA Camila
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of mango peel extract, as a source of natural active compounds, in oral disintegrating films (ODF). The starch–based ODF were produced using a casting technique with glycerol as a plasticizer. Four formulations were tested by varying the amount of extract in the films: control, ODF 20, ODF 40, and ODF 60 (0, 20, 40, and 60 g of extract per 100 g of film0genic solution, respectively). The surface pH, disintegration time, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, release of total phenolic content, and stability of the ODF was evaluated. All formulations studied could be classified as fast disintegrating films and source of phenolic compounds. ODF 60 showed the largest, most stable release of phenolic compounds under accelerated conditions (40 °C and 75% relative humidity). Thus, corn starch–based oral disintegrating films containing mango peel extract represent a useful vehicle for the delivery of phenolic compounds in the oral cavity.