bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avifaunal diversity in Assam University Campus, Silchar, India
Authors: Chakdar Biswajit , Choudhury Parthankar , Singha Hilloljyoti
Published: January 2016

We conducted a bird survey in the Assam University campus, Silchar from February 2011 to June 2011.  A total of 73 species of birds belonging to 56 genera, 32 families and 13 orders was recorded. Significantly, the highest number of bird species restricted to only one particular habitat (17 species) was recorded in the forest area called ‘eco-forest’ (χ2=18, df=3, P<0.01).  The highest similarity of bird species was found between degraded area and secondary growth area, and the lowest was found between eco-forest and degraded area.  Species richness and dominance of species were more in the eco-forest area.  The diversity of species was more in the secondary growth area. Red-vented Bulbul, Spotted Dove and Red-whiskered Bulbul were the most abundant and frequent bird species found in campus.  The avifaunal diversity in the study area shows the importance of the University campus as an ideal bird habitat. 
Role of Erythrocyte CD47 in Intracerebral Hematoma Clearance
Authors: Ni Wei , Mao Shanshan , Xi Guohua , Keep Richard F. , Hua Ya
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—

Enhancing hematoma clearance through phagocytosis may reduce brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. In the current study, we investigated the role of cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) in regulating erythrophagocytosis and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in nude mice.

Methods—

This study was in 2 parts. First, male adult nude mice had an intracaudate injection of 30 μL saline, blood from male adult wild-type (WT) mice, or blood from CD47 knockout mice. Second, mice had an intracaudate injection of 30 μL CD47 knockout blood with clodronate or control liposomes. Clodronate liposomes were also tested in saline-injected mice. All mice then had magnetic resonance imaging to measure hematoma size and brain swelling. Brains were used for immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Results—

Erythrophagocytosis occurred in and around the hematoma. Injection of CD47 knockout blood resulted in quicker clot resolution, less brain swelling, and less neurological deficits compared with wild-type blood. Higher brain heme oxygenase-1 levels and more microglial activation (mostly M2 polarized microglia) at day 3 were found after CD47 knockout blood injection. Co-injection of clodronate liposomes, to deplete phagocytes, caused more severe brain swelling and less clot resolution.

Conclusions—

These results indicated that CD47 has a key role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Lipoxin A4 Reduces Inflammation Through Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats
Authors: Guo Zongduo , Hu Qin , Xu Liang , Guo Zhen-Ni , Ou Yibo , He Yue , Yin Cheng , Sun Xiaochuan , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H.
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been reported to reduce inflammation in several neurological injury models. We studied the effects of LXA4 on neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model.

Methods—

Two hundred and thirty-eight Sprague–Dawley male rats, weight 280–320 g, were used. Exogenous LXA4 (0.3 and 1.0 nmol) were injected intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after SAH. Neurological scores, brain water content, and blood–brain barrier were evaluated at 24 hours after SAH; Morris water maze and T-maze tests were examined at 21 days after SAH. The expression of endogenous LXA4 and its receptor formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), as well as p38, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were studied either by ELISA or by Western blots. Neutrophil infiltration was observed by myeloperoxidase staining. FPR2 siRNA was used to knock down LXA4 receptor.

Results—

The expression of endogenous LXA4 decreased, and the expression of FPR2 increased after SAH. Exogenous LXA4 decreased brain water content, reduced Evans blue extravasation, and improved neurological functions and improved the learning and memory ability after SAH. LXA4 reduced neutrophil infiltration and phosphorylation of p38, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. These effects of LXA4 were abolished by FPR2 siRNA.

Conclusions—

Exogenous LXA4 inhibited inflammation by activating FPR2 and inhibiting p38 after SAH. LXA4 may serve as an alternative treatment to relieve early brain injury after SAH.
Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After Stroke
Authors: Ullberg Teresa , Zia Elisabet , Petersson Jesper , Norrving Bo
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—

Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke.

Methods—

Data on patients who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for acute stroke during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish stroke register. Patients reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test).

Results—

The study included 37 383 patients, 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) patients reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, patients reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years;
P
<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living–dependent (59% versus 31.9%;
P
<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%;
P
<0.0001) at 12 months. Poststroke depression (32.3% versus 24.9%;
P
<0.0001) and insufficient pain medication were more common in patients with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%;
P
<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe stroke (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39–3.87), prior stroke (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53–1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07–1.20), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15–1.32), stroke other than ischemic (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20–1.32), and atrial fibrillation (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12–1.27).

Conclusions—

Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, pain, and depression. Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.
Hemispheric Specialization within the Superior Anterior Temporal Cortex for Social and Nonsocial Concepts
Authors: Pobric Gorana , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Zahn Roland
Published: January 2016

Studies of semantic dementia, imaging, and repetitive TMS have suggested that the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) underpin a modality-invariant representational hub within the semantic system. Questions remain, however, regarding functional specialization across a variety of knowledge domains within the ATL region. We investigated direct evidence for the functional relevance of the superior ATL in processing social concepts. Using converging evidence from noninvasive brain stimulation and neuropsychology, we demonstrate graded differentiation of right and left superior anterior temporal areas in social cognition. Whereas the left superior ATL is necessary for processing both social and nonsocial abstract concepts, social conceptual processing predominates in the right superior ATL. This graded hemispheric specialization is mirrored in the patient results. Our data shed new light on the classic debate about hemispheric differences in semantic and social cognition. These results are considered in the context of models of semantic representation and the emerging data on connectivity for left and right ATL regions.
Hippocampal Context Processing during Acquisition of a Predictive Learning Task Is Associated with Renewal in Extinction Recall
Authors: Lissek Silke , Glaubitz Benjamin , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Tegenthoff Martin
Published: January 2016

Renewal is defined as the recovery of an extinguished response if extinction and retrieval contexts differ. The context dependency of extinction, as demonstrated by renewal, has important implications for extinction-based therapies. Persons showing renewal (REN) exhibit higher hippocampal activation during extinction in associative learning than those without renewal (NOREN), demonstrating hippocampal context processing, and recruit ventromedial pFC in retrieval. Apart from these findings, brain processes generating renewal remain largely unknown. Conceivably, processing differences in task-relevant brain regions that ultimately lead to renewal may occur already in initial acquisition of associations. Therefore, in two fMRI studies, we investigated overall brain activation and hippocampal activation in REN and NOREN during acquisition of an associative learning task in response to presentation of a context alone or combined with a cue. Results of two studies demonstrated significant activation differences between the groups: In Study 1, a support vector machine classifier correctly assigned participants' brain activation patterns to REN and NOREN groups, respectively. In Study 2, REN and NOREN showed similar hippocampal involvement during context-only presentation, suggesting processing of novelty, whereas overall hippocampal activation to the context–cue compound, suggesting compound encoding, was higher in REN. Positive correlations between hippocampal activation and renewal level indicated more prominent hippocampal processing in REN. Results suggest that hippocampal processing of the context–cue compound rather than of context only during initial learning is related to a subsequent renewal effect. Presumably, REN participants use distinct encoding strategies during acquisition of context-related tasks, which reflect in their brain activation patterns and contribute to a renewal effect.
Phylogenetic placement of Dapisostemon gen. nov. and Streptostemon, two tropical heterocytous genera (Cyanobacteria)
Authors: HENTSCHKE GUILHERME SCOTTA , JOHANSEN JEFFREY R. , PIETRASIAK NICOLE , FIORE MARLI DE FATIMA , RIGONATO JANAINA , SANT’ANNA CÉLIA LEITE , KOMÁREK JIRI
Published: January 2016

Two species of heterocytous cyanobacteria from the Mata Atlântica of Southeastern Brazil were studied intensively to determine if they were congeneric or belong to different genera. Additionally, their affinity to established genera in the Tolypothricaceae such as Tolypothrix Bornet & Flahault, Hassallia Bornet & Flahault and Spirirestis Flechtner & Johansen was investigated.  Dapisostemon apicaliramis gen. et sp. nov. isolated from a wooden bridge in a mangrove swamp was found to be basal to a clade containing Tolypothricaceae, Nostocaceae, and Aphanizomenonaceae (but with weak support) by means of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Moreover, D. apicaliramis had a 16S-23S ITS region similar in length, sequence, and secondary structure to the members of the terrestrial Tolypothricaceae. Streptostemon Sant’Anna et al. was placed in the Microchaetaceae (now the Tolypothricaceae) at the time of its description based on unsequenced natural material, but in this study it was found to be even more phylogenetically distant from that clade than Dapisostemon based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. It is in an unsupported and unresolved basal position in the Nostocales. It also presents a unique 16S-23S ITS region. The higher level evolutionary relationships of both genera are uncertain at this time, but neither genus can remain in the Microchaetaceae or Tolypothricaceae as the Nostocales undergo future revision.  We conclude that Dapisostemon is sufficiently unique and separate that it requires a new family, the Dapisostemonaceae. This study further demonstrates that the cyanobacteria of tropical regions often represent novel taxa in unstudied lineages and that the study of tropical cyanobacteria will yield new insights in the biodiversity of this ecologically important group of photosynthetic microorganisms.
Two new species of Sarcoscypha (Sarcosyphaceae, Pezizales) from Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yei-Zeng , HUANG CHUN-LIN , WEI JIA-LING
Published: January 2016

After studying the Sarcoscypha specimens deposited in the herbarium of the National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (TNM), four species of Sarcoscypha, S. humberiana, S. mescoscyatha, S. minuta and S. tatakensis were recognized by morphological and molecular characteristics. Sarcoscypha mescoscyatha is new to Taiwan, and S. minuta and S. tatakensis are new to science. Sarcoscypha minuta is characterized by small apothecia and asci, and a single large guttule in each ascospore while S. tatakensis is characterized by sessile to subsessile apothecia, and small ascospores with truncate ends.
Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Transatlantic Flight Routes and Clear-Air Turbulence
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Chan William N. , Sridhar Banavar , Sharman Robert D. , Williams Paul D. , Strahan Matt
Published: January 2016

The variation of wind-optimal transatlantic flight routes and their turbulence potential is investigated to understand how upper-level winds and large-scale flow patterns can affect the efficiency and safety of long-haul flights. In this study, the wind-optimal routes (WORs) that minimize the total flight time by considering wind variations are modeled for flights between John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York, New York, and Heathrow Airport (LHR) in London, United Kingdom, during two distinct winter periods of abnormally high and low phases of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection patterns. Eastbound WORs approximate the JFK–LHR great circle (GC) route following northerly shifted jets in the +NAO period. Those WORs deviate southward following southerly shifted jets during the −NAO period, because eastbound WORs fly closely to the prevailing westerly jets to maximize tailwinds. Westbound WORs, however, spread meridionally to avoid the jets near the GC in the +NAO period to minimize headwinds. In the −NAO period, westbound WORs are north of the GC because of the southerly shifted jets. Consequently, eastbound WORs are faster but have higher probabilities of encountering clear-air turbulence than westbound ones, because eastbound WORs are close to the jet streams, especially near the cyclonic shear side of the jets in the northern (southern) part of the GC in the +NAO (−NAO) period. This study suggests how predicted teleconnection weather patterns can be used for long-haul strategic flight planning, ultimately contributing to minimizing aviation’s impact on the environment.
The East Madagascar Current: Volume Transport and Variability Based on Long-Term Observations
Authors: Ponsoni Leandro , Aguiar-González Borja , Ridderinkhof Herman , Maas Leo R. M.
Published: January 2016

This study provides a long-term description of the poleward East Madagascar Current (EMC) in terms of its observed velocities, estimated volume transport, and variability based on both ~2.5 yr of continuous in situ measurements and ~21 yr of satellite altimeter data. An array of five moorings was deployed at 23°S off eastern Madagascar as part of the Indian–Atlantic Exchange in present and past climate (INATEX) observational program. On average, the EMC has a horizontal scale of about 60–100 km and is found from the surface to about 1000-m depth. Its time-averaged core is positioned at the surface, at approximately 20 km from the coast, with velocity of 79 (±21) cm s−1. The EMC mean volume transport is estimated to be 18.3 (±8.4) Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). During the strongest events, maximum velocities and transport reach up to 170 cm s−1 and 50 Sv, respectively. A good agreement is found between the in situ transport estimated over the first 8 m of water column [0.32 (±0.13) Sv] with the altimetry-derived volume transport [0.28 (±0.09) Sv]. Results from wavelet analysis display a dominant nearly bimonthly (45–85 days) frequency band of transport variability, which explains about 41% of the transport variance. Altimeter data suggest that this band of variability is induced by the arrival of westward-propagating sea level anomalies, which in turn are likely represented by mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. Annual averages of the altimeter-derived surface transport suggest that interannual variabilities also play a role in the EMC system.
An Exact, Steady, Purely Azimuthal Equatorial Flow with a Free Surface
Authors: Constantin A. , Johnson R. S.
Published: January 2016

The general problem of an ocean on a rotating sphere is considered. The governing equations for an inviscid, incompressible fluid, written in spherical coordinates that are fixed at a point on the rotating Earth, together with the free surface and rigid bottom boundary conditions, are introduced. An exact solution of this system is presented; this describes a steady flow that is moving only in the azimuthal direction, with no variation in this direction. However, this azimuthal velocity component has an arbitrary variation with depth (i.e., radius), and so, for example, an Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) can be accommodated. The pressure boundary condition at the free surface relates this pressure to the shape of the surface via a Bernoulli relation; this provides the constraint on the existence of a solution, although the restrictions are somewhat involved in spherical coordinates. To examine this constraint in more detail, the corresponding problems in model cylindrical coordinates (with the equator “straightened” to become a generator of the cylinder), and then in the tangent-plane version (with the β-plane approximation incorporated), are also written down. Both these possess similar exact solutions, with a Bernoulli condition that is more readily interpreted in terms of the choices available. Some simple examples of the surface pressure, and associated surface distortion, are presented. The relevance of these exact solutions to more complicated, and physically realistic, flow structures is briefly mentioned.
Rainfall-Type Categorization of Radar Echoes Using Polar Coordinate Reflectivity Data
Authors: Powell Scott W. , Houze, Robert A. , Brodzik Stella R.
Published: January 2016

An algorithm used to classify precipitation echoes by rain type without interpolating radar data to a constant height is detailed. The method uses reflectivity data without clutter along the lowest available scan angle so that the classifications yield a more accurate representation of the rain type observed at the surface. The algorithm is based on that of Steiner et al. but is executed within a polar coordinate system. An additional procedure allows for more small, isolated, and/or weak echo objects to be appropriately identified as convective. Echoes in the immediate vicinity of convective cores are included in a new transition category, which consists mostly of echoes for which a convective or stratiform determination cannot be confidently made. The new algorithm more effectively identifies shallow convection embedded within large stratiform regions, correctly identifies isolated shallow and weak convection as such, and more often appropriately identifies periods during which no stratiform precipitation is present.
The promise of a college scholarship transforms a district
Authors: Ritter Gary W. , Ash Jennifer
Published: January 2016

Promise programs are place-based scholarships, generally tied to a city or school district, offering near-universal access to all living in the “place.” While Promise programs share some characteristics with other scholarship programs, they’re unique because they seek to change communities and schools. Underlying such promise programs is the belief that having access to a guaranteed college scholarship will encourage students to remain in schools, encourage families to remain in a community, and change how educators work with students. This article focuses on the El Dorado Promise in El Dorado, Ark., which began in 2007. From analyzing student data and interviewing educators, the authors learned that the Promise did lead to several changes in the district: enrollment increased; student learning improved; discussions of college permeated the district from kindergarten onward; expectations for all students rose; and enrollment in advanced coursework increased for all students.
Shaping a college-bound life not as easy as it sounds
Authors: Scornavacco Karla
Published: January 2016

This article is a cross-section of stories of three young men navigating the expectations of a school with a 100% college admissions goal. Similar to their classmates, none of these male teens had a parent who had attended college. In addition, each of them had at one point in their high school lives declared that they would be dropping out of high school. Their stories bring to light privileged assumptions and hidden struggles about what it takes for seniors in a low-income district to be college-bound and, in doing so, prove themselves worthy of public recognition.
What should Common Core assessments measure?
Authors: Chandler Kayla , Fortune Nicholas , Lovett Jennifer N. , Scherrer Jimmy
Published: January 2016

The Common Core State Standards for mathematics promote ideals about learning mathematics by providing specific standards focused on conceptual understanding and incorporating practices in which students must participate to develop conceptual understanding. Thus, how we define learning is pivotal because our current definition isn’t aligned with how we teach and assess. But how do we reconcile the two? What does this look like? And what does this imply about how we assess learning?
A teaching makeover improves learning for diverse learners
Authors: Doubet Kristina J. , Hockett Jessica A. , Brighton Catherine M.
Published: January 2016

In many primary classrooms, the prospect of addressing standards threatens to rob young children of the joy of learning. Teachers who feel pressed to move students of all backgrounds toward mastery of increasingly complex standards may abandon rich curriculum and move toward isolated “skill drills.” This may be counterproductive. The authors chronicle how several teachers found that by raising the authenticity of curriculum and responsiveness of instruction they were better positioned to meet the needs of their diverse learners, addressing multiple standards in an integrative fashion in the process.
Exploring the Role of Mentoring Structure and Culture between Mentoring Functions and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Indian Call Centre Employees
Authors: Jyoti Jeevan , Sharma Poonam
Published: January 2016

The present study examines the impact of mentoring functions, namely, protection, coaching, counselling, role modelling, exposure, acceptance and friendship, on job satisfaction of Indian call centre employees. Furthermore, it also explores two variables which strengthen this relationship, namely, mentoring culture and mentoring structure. Employees working in call centres in India have been selected for data collection. Reliability and validity have been proved with the help of confirmatory factor analysis. Path analysis has been used for hypotheses testing. Results revealed that mentoring functions have direct impact on (except protection) job satisfaction of call centre employees. Furthermore, mentoring culture and mentoring structure act as moderators between mentoring functions and job satisfaction. The data collected is self-report in nature, and the study is limited to service sector only.
Expounding the Structural Elements of Strategic Planning in the Emerging Indian Market Context
Authors: Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Jha Sumi , Fernandes Christo
Published: January 2016

The aim of this research study was to expound the factors of strategic planning (SP). Subsequently, in this research study, a model was developed for SP with the organizational variables of management support (MS), flexibility importance (FI), complexity (CX) and organizational climate risk (OCR). In this research study, a structured survey questionnaire was administered on 408 managers for data collection from both public and private sector firms in India. SPSS 20 and AMOS 18 were used for structural equation modelling for data analysis. The research results indicated that the exogenous variables were MS and FI, while the intervening variables were CX and OCR, and SP was the endogenous variable. The research results also indicated that there was significant positive relationship between variables MS and OCR, MS and CX, FI and CX, FI and OCR, OCR and CX, CX and SP and finally OCR and SP. This research was one of the first research studies expounding a model on SP with the exogenous variables of MS and FI and the intervening variables of CX and OCR. This work will help managers in India to frame the process of strategic planning for attaining competitive advantage. The inputs of the study can be utilized to create a management support, which is conducive yet flexible enough to address organizational complexities and organizational risks that confront their firms in an emerging market context. This research was one of the very first studies relating MS and OCR, MS, CX, FI, OCR and SP in an emerging market context.
Capital Structure Decisions and Its Impact on Dividend Payout Ratio during the Pre- and Post-period of Recession in Indian Scenario: An Empirical Study
Authors: Banerjee Arindam , De Anupam
Published: January 2016

In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the influence of capital structure decisions on dividend payout ratio for the companies belonging to BSE500 in India during the pre- and post-period of the recent global recession. The pre-recession period has been taken from 2001–2002 to 2006–2007 while the post-recession period from 2007–2008 to 2012–2013. The dependent variable taken into consideration is the Dividend Payout ratio and 10 independent variables which might have some impact on the dependent variable taken into consideration are Business Risk, Size (Log Sales), Size (Log assets), Growth Rate (Assets), Interest Coverage Ratio, Degree of Operating Leverage, Financial Leverage, Return on Assets, Tangibility and ‘Non-Debt Tax Shield. Logistic regression has been utilized in this study. It is found from the study that Growth Rrate (Assets) and Profitability (Return of Assets) are significant variables influencing the dividend payout ratio in the prerecession period, while Profitability (Return of Assets) and Financial Leverage are significant variables influencing dividend payout ratio in the post-recession period.
Book Review: Bert Rosenbloom, Marketing Channels: A Management View
Authors: Bansal Ajay
Published: January 2016

Bert Rosenbloom, Marketing Channels: A Management View, India: Cengage Learning Publications, 2013, 660 pp. (paperback) ISBN: 978-81-315-1842-7.
The Views on Happiness: A Dialectic Approach
Authors: Limbasiya Nailesh
Published: January 2016

In the era of commercialization and industrialization, people work day and night to survive in the market. In the struggle of survival, they forget the real meaning of the life. They measure everything in terms of the money. They forget that Sat–Chit–Ananda is the real form of a human being. The purpose of human life is to pursue true happiness. They identify man, money and material as the real source of happiness. Throughout their life, they seek happiness from each of these sources. In fact, they fail to get the same. The present paper is an attempt to reveal the views of ancient Indian scriptures on happiness. The paper uses the dialectic method to prove and disprove the various definitions of happiness. The definitions pointing to material happiness, physical happiness, sensual happiness, intellectual happiness, psychological happiness and spiritual happiness have been studied. The paper concludes with the scope of various sources of happiness. The article ends with various auspicious ( AumAanoBhadra) things explained in our ancient Indian scripture that can be the sources of happiness.
Sex on equal terms? Polish sexology on women’s emancipation and ‘good sex’ from the 1970s to the present
Authors: Kościańska Agnieszka
Published: January 2016

This article is based on discourse analysis of Polish sexological publications in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as on ethnographic fieldwork among contemporary sex experts. In these publications, sustaining so-called traditional gender roles was perceived as a necessary condition for a good sex life, and women’s emancipation was presented as an obstacle to this process. At the same time, sex was presented as an important element of personal, marital and social happiness and detailed guidelines on how to achieve this were provided. The article focuses on the mechanism of construction of sexual-scientific knowledge. It shows the very specific historical development of sexology in Poland: in the 1970s and 1980s sexology developed as an interdisciplinary field and sexuality was perceived as embedded in the socio-cultural context. This approach established foundations for contemporary sexological discourses. My analysis of sexological publications is placed in the context of the changing cultural-political situation in socialist Poland. On the one hand, the Communist Party promoted women’s full employment, on the other, it supported the traditional marriage and gender roles causing women’s double burden. In the postsocialist period, this tension has been reinforced by neoliberal gender and sexual ideology. The article highlights the interactions between sexologists, their patients and other groups such as feminists, and emphasizes patients’ agency in the processes of knowledge construction.
Securing Communities or Profits? The Effect of Federal-Local Partnerships on Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Jaeger Jillian
Published: January 2016

Leading theories of local responses to immigration claim that ideology drives policy differences. However, these studies focus exclusively on policy adoption, neglecting whether or not ideological preferences also govern the extent to which local actors choose to cooperate with federal immigration initiatives. To account for this shortcoming, I use zero-inflated negative binomial regression to assess county-level deportations resulting from local participation in the Secure Communities program. I find that existing financial and structural resources as well as financial incentives are strong determinants of county deportation levels. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that conservative counties produce more deportations. Instead, the size of a county's policing budget moderates the relationship between ideological orientations and deportation outcomes. With federal-local policy partnerships on the rise, these findings provide an important foundation for developing a better framework to understand the implications of such partnerships for policy implementation. In short, this article suggests that although policy adoption may be a politicized process, local compliance with federal initiatives is highly dependent on the resource constraints and incentives of the actors involved.
Ghosts and Their Analysts
Authors: Granzow Kara , Dean Amber
Published: January 2016

We arrived late. We were doctoral students who took up as our study the “public secret” (Taussig, 1999, pg. 2) behind the contemporary disappearance of Indigenous women from the midst of the Western Canadian cities in which they, and we, were living. Suzanne Vail was there before we were, having arrived in 1987. She is the protagonist of Katherine Govier’s novel Between Men, a young historian obsessively studying the 1889 murder of a young Cree woman named Rosalie in Calgary, Alberta. Reading Between Men in 2010, we found ourselves anticipated in form and obsession. That Suzanne Vail is a fiction and we are nonfiction does nothing to quiet this shock; rather, it prompts us to engage (with) her as we think through crises of ontology and epistemology in relation to what haunts contemporary efforts to frame historical remembrance of “settling” the Canadian West as a time of conquest (over land and people) and nation-building, a time of progress and development. In this article, we argue that Suzanne’s obsession with Rosalie in Between Men can help us understand just how we, as scholars, are implicated in these contests over history, and explore why this might matter as we struggle toward something that might resemble justice for murdered or missing Indigenous women in the present.
The relationship of foot and ankle mobility to the frontal plane projection angle in asymptomatic adults
Authors: Wyndow Narelle , De Jong Amy , Rial Krystal , Tucker Kylie , Collins Natalie , Vicenzino Bill , Russell Trevor , Crossley Kay
Published: January 2016

Background

The frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) is frequently used as a measure of dynamic knee valgus during functional tasks, such as the single leg squat. Increased dynamic knee valgus is observed in people with knee pathologies including patellofemoral pain and anterior cruciate injury. As the foot is the primary interface with the support surface, foot and ankle mobility may affect the FPPA. This study investigated the relationship between foot and ankle mobility and the FPPA in asymptomatic adults.

Methods

Thirty healthy people (aged 18–50 years) performed 5 single leg squats. Peak FPPA and FPPA excursion were determined from digital video recordings. Foot mobility was quantified as the difference in dorsal midfoot height or midfoot width, between non‐weightbearing and bilateral weightbearing positions. Ankle joint dorsiflexion range was measured as the maximum distance in centimetres between the longest toe and the wall during a knee‐to‐wall lunge. Linear regressions with generalised estimating equations were used to examine relationships between variables.

Results

Higher midfoot width mobility was associated with greater peak FPPA (β 0.90, p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 2.5), and FPPA excursion (β 0.67, p < 0.001, OR 1.9). Lower midfoot height mobility was associated with greater peak FPPA (β 0.37, p = 0.030, OR 1.4) and FPPA excursion (β 0.30, p = 0.020, OR 1.3). Lower ankle joint dorsiflexion was also associated with greater peak FPPA (β 0.61, p = 0.008, OR 1.8) and greater FPPA excursion (β 0.56, p < 0.001, OR 1.7).

Conclusions

Foot and ankle mobility was significantly related to the FPPA during the single leg squat in healthy individuals. Specifically, higher midfoot width mobility, or lower ankle joint dorsiflexion range and midfoot height mobility, were associated with a greater FPPA. These foot mobility factors should be considered in the clinical management of knee‐related disorders that are associated with a high FPPA.
Financial Insolvency as a Risk Factor for Early Mortality Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Ramsey Scott D. , Bansal Aasthaa , Fedorenko Catherine R. , Blough David K. , Overstreet Karen A. , Shankaran Veena , Newcomb Polly
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Patients with cancer are more likely to file for bankruptcy than the general population, but the impact of severe financial distress on health outcomes among patients with cancer is not known.

Methods

We linked Western Washington SEER Cancer Registry records with federal bankruptcy records for the region. By using propensity score matching to account for differences in several demographic and clinical factors between patients who did and did not file for bankruptcy, we then fit Cox proportional hazards models to examine the relationship between bankruptcy filing and survival.

Results

Between 1995 and 2009, 231,596 persons were diagnosed with cancer. Patients who filed for bankruptcy (n = 4,728) were more likely to be younger, female, and nonwhite, to have local- or regional- (v distant-) stage disease at diagnosis, and have received treatment. After propensity score matching, 3,841 patients remained in each group (bankruptcy v no bankruptcy). In the matched sample, mean age was 53.0 years, 54% were men, mean income was $49,000, and majorities were white (86%), married (60%), and urban (91%) and had local- or regional-stage disease at diagnosis (84%). Both groups received similar initial treatments. The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality among patients with cancer who filed for bankruptcy versus those who did not was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.64 to 1.96). Hazard ratios varied by cancer type: colorectal, prostate, and thyroid cancers had the highest hazard ratios. Excluding patients with distant-stage disease from the models did not have an effect on results.

Conclusion

Severe financial distress requiring bankruptcy protection after cancer diagnosis appears to be a risk factor for mortality. Further research is needed to understand the process by which extreme financial distress influences survival after cancer diagnosis and to find strategies that could mitigate this risk.
The underactive bladder: detection and diagnosis
Authors: Osman Nadir , Mangera Altaf , Hillary Christopher , Inman Richard , Chapple Christopher R.
Published: January 2016

The inability to generate a voiding contraction sufficient to allow efficient bladder emptying within a reasonable time frame is a common problem seen in urological practice. Typically, the symptoms that arise are voiding symptoms, such as weak and slow urinary flow. These symptoms can cause considerable bother to patients and impact upon quality of life. The urodynamic finding of inadequate detrusor contraction has been termed detrusor underactivity (DUA). Although a definition is available for this entity, there are no widely accepted diagnostic criteria. Drawing parallels to detrusor overactivity and the overactive bladder, the symptoms arising from DUA have been referred to as the “underactive bladder” (UAB), while attempts to crystallize the definition of UAB are now ongoing. In this article, we review the contemporary literature pertaining to the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of DUA as well as discuss the definitional aspects that are currently under consideration.
Non-Profit Organizations in the Economy: Problems of Legal Regulation
Authors: Abrosimova Elena
Published: January 2016

The modern history of the development of the legislation on non-profit organizations (NPO) has several historical stages from 1992—1996 when Russia recognized the fact of existence of this kind of legal entities. Active work on the formation of NPO legislation led to the delineation of legal entities for commercial and non-commercial and to adoption of Federal Law “On Non-Profit Organizations”. During the modern period of development of the legislation it is possible to declare confidently the need to create comprehensive concept of participation of legal entities established as an NPO in the realization of the economic potential of the country. The article deals with the legal regulation of nonprofit organizations involved in economic development in Russia. Taking into account the changing economic conditions periodization of work on the legislation on non-profit organizations is considered. In the article the role and importance of NPOs in Russia´s economic development are highlighted and the need to improve the legal regulation of these organizations, including the development of specific legislation on associations and unions is indicated. The necessity to recognize the Federal Law “On Non-Profit Organizations” invalid as fulfilled its social mission is proven.
Granting the Land Plots for Maintaining a Farm: New Approaches
Authors: Ustyukova Valyentina
Published: January 2016

The article is devoted to the previously called ambiguous interpretation of doctrine and judicial practice: how should land for farming be provided — in the auction, or no auction. The changes to the Land Code of the Russian Federation in the summer of 2014 are analyzed, and their assessment is given by the author. The article of the Land Code, admitting, unlike civil law, only one form of auction — auctions is criticized. In particular, in relation to agricultural land the most appropriate form of trading would have been a competition. The author concludes that the farmers, as before, will receive plots of land mainly from auction, despite the presence in the Land Code of the provisions on allocation of land plots without bidding.
Russian Jurists at the Crossroads: Materialistic Rationalism or Subjective Idealism?
Authors: Syrykh Vladimir
Published: January 2016

The expansion of its methodological arsenal of techniques developed from the standpoint of subjective idealism: synergy, hermeneutics, phenomenology, metaphysics, and others are inherent to the modern methodology of legal research. According to Russian lawyers who advertise them, methods are so efficient that they can be used successfully to solve a significant part of the tasks that were previously unaffordable by traditionally used method of knowledge of the state and law. At the same time, the specificity of these methods use in jurisprudence are hardly developed. As a result, practices are not in widespread use of legal science. However, their provisions are used for specific research and entail a number of negative consequences. Firstly, it reduces the requirements for accuracy and validity of the scientific knowledge. Secondly, justify the use of science in the compilations of methods and eclecticism. Third, reduce the interest in socio-legal studies. Crucial means of further development of the methodology of legal research is a creative development of the dialectical method, in the Russian jurisprudence has a long history and a long tradition.
Concepts, Types and Forms of Eurasian and Latin-American Integration Associations (Comparative Analysis)
Authors: Zaloilo Maksim , Rafalyuk Elena
Published: January 2016

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the concept, types and forms of Eurasian and Latin-American integration associations. On the authors’ mind the integration association is the group of states united on the basis of an international treaty to achieve the integration goals. It is proposed to distinguish between the integration associations of the coordination and supranational types. According to the identified features of each of the indicated types of integration associations the authors conclude that the Organization of American States is the union of the coordination type, the MERCOSUR is in transition from coordination to supranational integration association, in the Andean Community the supranational model is implemented, and the Eurasian Economic Union tends to the supranational association. It is noted that integration associations can be also classified depending on the different forms of economic integration (free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union, etc.). The main forms of the Latin-American economic integration are free trade area and customs union, while the common market is still developing. The forms of the Eurasian economic integration are the customs union, the common economic space, forming common market. A trend of formation of new forms and types of inter-state integration associations and cooperation between them, particularly in the form of a mega-association (Union of South American Nations) is revealed. The ways of further development of the integration associations in Latin America and Eurasia are marked.
Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood (Cedrus libani)
Authors: Fidan M. Said , Yaşar Ş. Şadiye , Yaşar Mehmet , Atar Musa , Alkan Elif
Published: January 2016

The present study investigated the effect of various types of impregnating and surface treatment materials on the fire resistance of wood material indoors and outdoors. Wood samples (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) were impregnated with Wolmanit-CB or Tanalith-E according to ASTM D1413‐76 (American Society for Testing and Materials 1976). The impregnated surface was treated with either synthetic or water-based outdoor varnish materials. The impregnated and varnished samples were left in outdoor conditions for 1 year. The combustion characteristics of the samples were investigated at the end of 1 year according to the combustion parameters detailed in the ASTM E160‐50 (1975) combustion test. The results of this study indicated that the combustion parameters were lower in the 1-year-old samples (89.12% of control values), in the samples impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (89.18% of control values), and in samples treated using water-based varnish (88.43% of control values). The analysis of flue gas indicated that the O2 content of the 1-year-old samples impregnated with Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish was higher, whereas the CO content was lower. In conclusion, impregnated Wolmanit-CB specimens provide higher fire resistance.
Vemurafenib-Induced Dupuytren's Contracture; Levetiracetam-Induced Rage and Increased Risk of Suicide; PPD Tuberculin Skin Test–Induced Deep Necrotic Skin Lesion; Voriconazole-Induced Phototoxicity, Pseudoporphyria, and Photo-Onycholysis; Dronedarone-Induced Organizing Pneumonia
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Moving Closer to Zero: Effect of “Just in Time” Dosing of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Pardo Joe , Klinker Kenneth P. , Swift Barbara , Borgert Samuel J. , Gravenstein Nikolaus
Published: January 2016

Background

A local quality initiative to improve compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis measures resulted in a high percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within minutes of surgical incision. Studies examining the association between timing of prophylaxis and the risk for surgical site infection (SSI) have produced heterogeneous results.

Objective

To examine risk factors for SSI, including “just in time” dosing of antibiotic prophylaxis (dose administered within 5 minutes of incision).

Methods

This was a retrospective matched case-control study. Case patients developed SSI in the 30 days following a clean or clean-contaminated surgical procedure. Control patients did not develop SSI following similar procedures and were matched to ensure comparable baseline risk. We assessed the rate of guideline-compliant antibiotic prophylaxis and calculated odds ratios (ORs) to determine the association of patient covariates with the risk for SSI.

Results

Forty case patients and 104 controls were included in the study. The rate of appropriate prophylaxis was high in both groups (98% and 94% for case and control groups, respectively). Approximately 15% of case and control patients received antibiotic prophylaxis within 5 minutes of incision, thus, “just in time” dosing did not appear to increase the risk for SSI (OR, 0.814; 95% CI, 0.274–2.415). There was a nonsignificant association between receipt of vancomycin and SSI (OR, 2.844; 95% CI, 0.926–8.737).

Conclusion

“Just in time” dosing of prophylactic antibiotics was not associated with increased risk for SSI. Further study is needed to clarify the impact of antibiotic choice on the risk for subsequent SSI.