bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMAL WINDOW GEOMETRY FACTORS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN PORTUGAL
Authors: Carlos Jorge S.
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION

With respect to thermal performance, windows are the weakest component of the building envelope, essentially because the U-value is usually higher than the opaque envelope. This would allow the highest heat conductance of the building envelope. However, it also helps buildings to gain useful solar heat during winter. Therefore, it has been generally accepted that passive buildings would have small windows towards the poles and large windows facing the equator (Persson, Roos, and Wall 2006). In spite of this guideline, large or fully glazed facades have been used in modern architecture. The intensive use of air conditioning is the result of overheating and high thermal loss problems, which otherwise would lead to thermal discomfort. This extensive use of large windows associated with high energy consumption has motivated researchers to study this building component.

Window areas were investigated by Persson et al. (Persson, Roos, and Wall 2006) on 20 terraced houses with larger windows facing the equator and built in Gothenburg. The building envelope was well insulated and fitted with energy efficient windows. It was found that energy efficient windows do not have a major influence on the heating demand in the winter, but it is relevant for the cooling need in summer. Therefore, reduced indoor illuminance due to small windows can be solved by enlarging them in order to obtain relevant daylighting conditions. When efficient windows are designed for a warm climate, as in Mexico, reducing heat flux and solar transmittance indoors was the best option for energy savings (Aguilar et al. 2017). However, reducing solar transmittance influences the indoor illuminance, which was not analyzed.
Le post-factualisme
Authors: Gauthier Gilles
Published: March 2018

L’auteur fait d’abord valoir que le « post-factualisme » et la « post-vérité », que d’aucuns observent à la suite du Brexit au Royaume-Uni et de l’élection de Donald Trump à la présidence des États-Unis, peuvent être analysés à la lumière d’une distinction entre les rapports distincts à la réalité qu’entretiennent l’information et la communication. Ensuite, il avance que ce sont des phénomènes qui ne sont pas nouveaux en journalisme et dans le discours politique. Il en propose enfin une catégorisation en trois types différents : le faux, l’approximatif et le baratin.
Detection of PUE Attack in CRN with Reduced Error in Location Estimation Using Novel Bat Algorithm
Authors: Rehman Aasia , Prakash Deo
Published: March 2018

Cognitive Radio Network Technology makes the efficient utilization of scarce spectrum resources by allowing the unlicensed users to opportunistically use the licensed spectrum. Cognitive Radio Network due to its flexible and open nature is vulnerable to a number of security attacks. This paper is mainly concerned with one of the physical layer attack called Primary User Emulation Attack and its detection. This paper solves the problem of PUE attack by localization technique based on TDOA measurements with reduced error in location estimation using a Novel Bat Algorithm (NBA). A number of cooperative secondary users are used for detecting the PUEA by comparing its estimated position with the known position of incumbent. The main goal of NBA is to minimize two fitness functions namely non-linear least square and the maximum likelihood in order to optimize the estimation error. After evaluation, simulation results clearly demonstrates that NBA results in reduced estimation error as compared to Taylor Series Estimation and Particle Swarm Optimization.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Participating in Hygienic Long Shelf-Life of the Plaa-Som Fermented Product
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Lakthandee Manoch , Suenonmueng Nednapa , Marjang Ninlawan
Published: March 2018

Consumptions of fermented vinegar made of fresh fruit juices have been increased dramatically due to their freshness, high vitamin content, and low caloric consumption. Unpasteurized fruit juice produced by pressing or squeezing of the fruits also have many diverse microflora which is normally present on the surface of fruits during harvest and postharvest processing and possibly include transport, storage, and processing. In the study, many microorganisms producing acid especially bacteria, fungi, and yeasts demonstrated the high acid production and using fruit juice as a substrate for their growth. Three acid producing bacteria were isolated and characterized for the acid production as well as applied for the fruit vinegar fermentation process.
Adsorption of Cadmium(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution onto a Raw Material of Bamboo Powder and its Surface Modification
Authors: Chansuvarn Woravith , Pandee Yuttapoom , Saechim Ariya , Habunmee Kritsana
Published: March 2018

This work was focused on evaluating the potential of bamboo powder modified with manganese oxide (MnO-BP) as a low-cost byproduct adsorbent for the adsorption of cadmium(II) ion. A batch method was carried out at room temperature and the optimized conditions. The optimization of adsorption parameters including pH, equilibrium time, dosage and initial Cd(II) concentration was also systematically studied for the removal of cadmium(II) ion. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MnO-BP was estimated as 8.57 mg/g that it more adsorption capacity than untreated-bamboo powder by about 5 times. The Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the adsorptive mechanism and calculated the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity. It was found that the data from MnO-BP fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm with R2>0.99. It indicated that the adsorptive behavior of MnO-BP to cadmium(II) ion is preferable. In this work, MnO-BP was used for the removal of cadmium(II) ion in wastewater sample. The MnO-BP is a low-cost adsorbent that can be used to remove cadmium(II) effectively.
A Feasibility Study Using Para Rubber Leaves for Prototype Lightweight Flat Sheet Production
Authors: Boonyaroj Varinthorn , Sanguanpak Samanya , Shongkittikul Witaya
Published: March 2018

Utilizing para wood ash can offer an alternative method of adding value to agricultural wastes and help to conserve the environment. The feasibility of using para rubber leaves as an environmentally friendly material for prototype lightweight flat sheet production was investigated. Properties of lightweight flat sheet made from different proportions of para rubber leaves mixed with para wood ash were compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Morphology and element compositions of untreated and treated para rubber leaves with 20% NaOH solution were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that untreated para rubber leaves consisted mainly of the elements carbon (C) and oxygen (O), accounting for 80.35% and 17.55% by weight, respectively, with minor amounts of other elements. Treated para rubber leaves consisted mainly of C, O, and calcium (Ca) at 69.53%, 28.55%, and 1.25% by weight, respectively. Bulk density and compressive strength of the control cement paste were 1.85 g/cm3and 47.78 MPa, respectively at 28 days curing. The compressive strength of the cement composite decreased with an increase in the para rubber leaves volume fraction.
Qubit Noise within Micro PANDA Ring Resonator in QKD Process
Authors: Sripakdee Chatchawal
Published: March 2018

The aim of this work is about establishing and analyzing the Hamiltonian for entangled photon generation in a micro PANDA ring resonator for a quantum key generation unit in quantum cryptography processing. The reduced density matrix for two level states of qubits is also analyzed by using dynamics Heisenberg equation of motion. The master equation in the thermal effect shows fluctuation of the corresponding c-operators in phase space. The optimum simulation result for probability of qubit states survive for the existence of a surrounding heat bath is also showed and discussed.
Shielding Effect and Guarding in High Resistance Measurement
Authors: Phanthuna Nattapong , Jassadajin Chaiwat
Published: March 2018

Generally, electric and magnetic interference will affect in high resistance measurements. This causes a large number of the standard deviation of measurement as well as the accuracy and result of measurement. The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of shielding and guarding on the measurement system. In experimental setup, the 1 GΩ resistance was supplied by voltage source of 100 V, 500 V and 1000 V in with and without shielding and guarding. The resistance value and standard deviation were measured and compared in each case of measurements. From the experimental results, when applying shielding and guarding, the noise can be reduced. As a result, the standard deviation was decreased more than 10 times.
Analytical Processing Development of Tin Element Using Wavelength Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) Technique
Authors: Nuamsrinuan Nisakorn , Kaewwiset Weeranuch , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: March 2018

The aim of this work was to develop technical analysis of wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and compare with technical neutron activation analysis (NAA). First, the standard of tin oxide (SnO) was ground into powder and mixed with boric acid (H3BO3) as binder at different weight. All of samples were investigated by WDXRF in normalize mode.The results indicated that the range can use to calibration at sample weight 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g. Next, the three SnO samples from different area (A, B and C) were ground, mixed with binder at ratio 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g and investigated by WDXRF in normalize mode. The results show tin (Sn) content of sample area A, B and C were 75.71, 74.61 and 71.01%, respectively. The result from NAA technique show Sn content of sample A, B and C were 79.36, 77.48 and 73.35%. The percentage error of WDXRF and NAA technique of the samples from the different area had 4.63, 3.70 and 3.19%. From the experiment as examined that the WDXRF technique could be improve process for determine chemical composition which one of choice for easy to used and low cost.
Investigations on Luminescence Properties of Ce3+ Ion Doped Bismuth Borophosphate Glasses
Authors: Chanthima Natthakridta , Sareein Thanapong , Tariwong Yaowaluk , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Sangwaranatee Narong
Published: March 2018

Bismuth borophosphate glasses containing different doping cerium oxide have been synthesized at 1200 °C by melt-quenching technique. The doping concentration of the Ce3+ was varied from 0.05 mol% to 2.0 mol%. The glass samples were characterized through optical absorption and luminescence spectral measurements. UV-visible and near infrared absorption spectra of glass samples were not observed nevertheless the absorption edge was shift to the longer wavelength. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectra show emission bands around 367 nm under 317 nm excitation wavelength. Also, the highest emission intensity was found at 0.5 mol% CeF3 dopant for both of photoluminescence and radioluminescence.
Gas Detector System for Industrial Use
Authors: Thawornsin Maitree , Ritthong Wirote , Sangna Chitsanucha , Lorwongtragool Panida , Albutt Naphat
Published: March 2018

Early detection of hazardous or flammable gasses/volatiles reduces the potential risks to personnel, such as development of respiratory problems. A simple robust resistive sensor device is presented with a sensing film of poly (styreneco-maleic acid) containing carbon nanotubes as the conductive medium. The response of the sensor was assessed with several volatile solvents and an industrial printer ink. All vapours were detected by increased resistance of the sensor film, and the ink vapour elicited the largest response. A warning system for volatile solvents could be based on this sensor design for use in industrial environments.
The Design of Medium Size Voltage Capacitor in order to Improve the Power Factor
Authors: Rugthaicharoencheep Nattachote , Charlangsut Aroon , Boobpa Chatpong
Published: March 2018

This article presents theory of The design of medium sized voltage capacitor in order to improve the Power Factor Value to AC motor. In present, the electrical power system has focus on improving the Power Factor significantly because it is the major key to increase or decrease the applicable expenses. The power system that has low power factor will have a lot of loss to system, especially when electrical voltage is on voltage medium. When power factor has been adjusted, the system can take more loads and electrical power loss is decreased. It also decreases voltage in power line and decreases electrical bills at the same time. This article presents the theory to analyze data from motor that needs to adjust a power factor so that it pass electricity authority standard by considering the efficiency of the motor so that the consumers do not have to pay the penalty of the Power Factor Value differences to the Electricity Authority. Furthermore, it can help decrease the bills of unstandardized electrical power which occurred in the system and enable the system to take more loads at the same time.
Development of an Educational Experiment Setup for Measuring the Speed of Sound
Authors: Sirathanakul Sirin
Published: March 2018

Sound wave cannot be seen. It is difficult to measure the speed of sound wave directly. The purpose of this study was to design and develop an educational experiment setup for measuring the speed of sound in air at a fixed pressure by the resonance method, which a surface of water will be used in reflecting sound wave from a function generator to produce resonance, which will be detected by human ear. In this study, wavelength of sound in air tube of pipe was adjusted by changing of water level. The water level was controlled with submersible pump and the gravity. The experimental data were statistically analysed by means and percentage errors. The range of percentage errors compared between the experimental value on 5 different frequencies and the theoretical value of the speed of sound is 0.07 to 0.32. This finding indicates that this experiment setup’s efficiency is adequate for demonstration that the speed of sound in air can be measured by the resonance method and the sound wave with different frequencies travel at the same speed. Measurement of the speed of sound can be performed accurately and easily even though its production cost was so low with using the least experimental tools.
Influence of Zinc Substitution on Hydroxyapatite Structure Prepared by Chemical Precipitation Method
Authors: Nuamsrinuan Nisakorn , Naemchanthara Patcharin , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: March 2018

The zinc (Zn) substituted hydroxyapatite were synthesized using a chemical precipitation method. The chemical precursors were prepared from di-ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate, calcium oxide (CaO) derived from chicken eggshell and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2). The Zn(NO3)2contents in the prepared samples were varied from 1 to 25 %wt of CaO. The Zn substituted hydroxyapatite were heated at the various temperatures from 200 to 1300 °C in the furnace with an incremental temperature of 100 °C. The crystal structure, function group and morphology of sample were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The results show that the hydroxyapatite doped Zn was a hydroxyapatite phase as well as pure hydroxyapatite. The crystalline size of sample decreased with increasing the Zn content. And, the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite phase was increased following by increasing heat treatment temperature. However, the amount of Zn has the effect on phase transformation of hydroxyapatite phase after heat treatment. Zn concentration accelerates hydroxyapatite transforms to β-tricalcium phosphate phase.
An Antagonism of Isolates of Root-Associated Bacteria Consortia Habituating in Banana Rhizosphere
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Soongsombat Pattarika , Suenonmueng Nednapa , Marjang Ninlawan
Published: March 2018

Microbial diversity based on plant-microbe interaction as well as most fungal diseases which are such multipathogen complexes have been long researched. Most beneficial microbes promote the growth of the plant but inhibit the growth of plant pathogen as biocontrol agents and are reported for their establishment being microbial communities associated to the plant roots. We were interested in understanding the antagonistic activity of root-associated bacterial communities in the rhizospheres. In this experiment, common bacteria associated with banana root exudation that were cultivated and isolated harbored specific antagonistic to common pathogen. In the experiments, the root (rhizosphere), and interior of the pseudostem (endosphere) samples were high CFU counts in the extracted endosphere than in rhizosphere of banana roots (6-8 and 4-5 CFU/ g, respectively). Antibacterial activity as bioactive agents were detected from these microbes as antagonis activity against plant pathogens that wereBacillus indicus, Pseudomonas palleroniana, Penicilliumspp andFusarium oxysporum. both mixed consortia could control Fusarium, fungal pathogen in banana. From this study, the isolates of indigenous bacteria obtained from banana rhizosphere can be potential for agricultural uses as further as disease-suppressive microorganisms provides promising perspectives for sustainable plant protection.
Effect of Spacing and No. of Seedling per Hill on Growth and Yield Components of Rice cv. Chai Nat 1 under System of Rice Intensification
Authors: Kajonphol Tanaporn , Tonwong Sattaya , Nonthakod Sujaree , Sangsiri Chontira , Precharattana Monamorn
Published: March 2018

We investigated effects of spacing and no. of seedling hill-1on growth and yield component of rice cv. Chai Nat 1 in system of rice intensification. The experiment included 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, 40 × 40 cm, and 50 × 50 cm with single seedling hill-1, two seedlings hill-1, and three seedlings hill-1, respectively. The study was in Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus during November 2016 to March 2017. Each condition was laid out in a randomized completed block design with three replications. The experiment found that the no. of seedlings hill-1influence in the growth and the yield component of the rice, while the spacing does not. Moreover, there is no interaction between spacing and seedlings hill-1.The three seedling hill-1condition showed the highest in tillering (avg. = 24.13 tillers hill-1). The single seedling hill-1showed the lowest in tillering (avg. = 16.24 tillers hill-1). From this research indicated that optimized seed hill-1in rice cultivated system.
Experimental Investigation of Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of PS/MWCNT Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Demirbay Barış , Uğur Şaziye
Published: March 2018

Electrical characteristics and morphology of nanocomposite films composed of two different polystyrene (PS) latexes impregnated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the range between 0 wt% and 20 wt% were assessed by considering photon transmission (UV-Vis) technique and electrical conductivity measurements. Emulsion polymerization technique was employed both to synthesize very fine PS particles dispersed in water and to tailor the sizes of the PS particles as 382 nm and 560 nm, respectively. PS/MWCNT nanocomposite films were obtained from the liquid form on glass substrates via drop-casting method and all they dried at 40 QUOTE C. Each dried sample was then annealed at varying temperatures between 100 QUOTE C and 250 QUOTE C for 10 min. The surface conductivity QUOTE of each annealed film at 250 QUOTE C was measured and was found to increase dramatically above a certain mass fraction of MWCNT content, QUOTE . Each set of PS/MWCNT nanocomposite film had a similar electrical percolation threshold of QUOTE =1.5 wt% as the MWCNT content and critical exponents of QUOTE were found to be 2.64 and 1.19 for 382 nm and 560 nm PS latex systems, respectively.
A Study on the Solvent Vapor Induced Film Formation of PS/AgNPs Composites
Authors: Akaoğlu Can , Uğur Şaziye
Published: March 2018

In this study, pyrene (P) tagged polystyrene (PS) latex dispersions and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were mixed at various weight fractions in the range between 0 and 50 wt%. The prepared mixtures were dropped on the glass substrates by considering drop casting method and were dried at the room temperature. The resultant powder films were then exposed to solvent vapor to monitor how film formation and morphological behaviors of PS/AgNPs composites are altered. Film formation behavior of composites was assessed via fast transient fluorescence (FTRF) which measures the fluorescence lifetimes of P from its decay traces during vapor exposure process. It was observed that pyrene lifetimes decreased as vapor exposure time, t increased. A Stern–Volmer kinetic analysis was used for low quenching efficiencies to interpret the decrease in pyrene lifetimes. UV-Vis (UVV) technique was employed to monitor optical transparency of the films. In the range of 0-20 wt% of AgNPs content, smooth and transparent films were obtained. However, above this range, the films were seen that they have low transparency and poor film formation since the increment in AgNPs content was lead to aggregations. The Prager–Tirrel model was employed to the FTRF data to obtain back-and-forth frequencies, ν, of the reptating PS chains during vapor induced film formation process. SEM images of the samples were taken after film formation process is completed and were found to be consistent with optical and fluorescence quenching data.
Micromechanical Modeling of Precipitation Hardened NiTiHf
Authors: Joy Jobin K. , Solomou Alexandros , Baxevanis Theocharis , Karaman Ibrahim , Lagoudas Dimitris C.
Published: March 2018

Actuation response of NiTiHf high temperature SMAs can be enhanced by means of suitable heat treatment on the material through precipitation hardening. Heat treatments can be chosen carefully to improve the performance of the NiTiHf SMAs in order to meet the requirements of targeted applications to design more robust and efficient high temperature solid-state actuator systems. The present work aims to develop a novel approach to model and predict the behavior of heat-treated NiTiHf SMAs. The predictions of the thermomechanical response of NiTiHf SMAs are based on Representative Volume Elements (RVEs). The precipitated NiTiHf SMA is modeled as a composite consist of of thermo-elastic non-transforming precipitates and a polycrystalline SMA matrix. The structural effect of precipitates and the effect of Hf-concentration gradient resulted from Hf depletion during precipitation are included. The composition distribution resulting from the elemental depletion and the transformation temperature distributions in the SMA matrix are related. In the present work, these relations are developed from experimental measurements on several NiTiHf compositions. Thermo-mechanical responses of Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20heat-treated at 500°C for 48h at different loading conditions are predicted and the correlations with experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework.
Investigation of Magnetic Properties of PS LATEX/MNPs Composite Films
Authors: Dağyar Nazlı Ceren , Uğur Şaziye
Published: March 2018

In the work reported here the magnetic properties of nanocomposite system composed of polystyrene (PS) latex polymer and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), is presented. A series of mixtures were prepared by mixing of PS latex dispersion with different amount of MNPs and drop casting on glass substrates at room temperature. After drying, film samples were annealed at 250 °C for 10 min. Morphological changes of the films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic properties studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) as a function of MNPs content. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of composites increased as MNPs content increased. Ms showed two maxima at 50 wt% and 85 wt% MNPs contents with Ms values of 0.014 emu and 0.020 emu, respectively. The morphological changes of PS/MNPs composite films were also found consistent with these results indicating that magnetic properties these composites can be readily tuned by varying MNPs content.
Filtered Optical Feedback in Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Al Naimee Kais A.M. , Al Husseini Hussein B. , Al Khursan Amin H. , Abdalah Sora F. , Meucci Riccardo , Arecchi F. Tito
Published: March 2018

This research reports a theoretical investigation on the role of filtered optical feedback (FOF) in the quantum dot light emitting diode (QD-LED). The underlying dynamics is affected by a sidle node, which returns to an elliptical shape when the wetting layer (WL) is neglected. Both filter width and time delay change the appearance of different dynamics (chaotic and mixed mode oscillations ,MMOs). The results agrees with the experimental observations. Here, the fixed point analysis for QDs was done for the first time. For QD-LED with FOF, the system transits from the coherence collapse (CC) case in conventional optical feedback (COF) to a coherent case with a filtered mode in FOF. It was found that the WL washes out the modes which is an unexpected result. This may attributed to the longer capture time of WL compared with that between QD states. Thus, WL reduces the chaotic behavior.
Technical Problems for Core Loss Reduction of High-Speed Motor
Authors: Enokizono Masato
Published: March 2018

This paper describes the technical problems for upgrading efficiency by core loss reduction on high speed motor. These contents are based on the ultra-thin electrical steel sheet for motor core and vector magnetic characteristic technology. It is difficult to get successful results by replace of high performance core materials. Because the utilization technique of these materials is necessary as recipe for research and development of high efficiency high speed motor.
Changes in the Resistance Force of a Magneto-Rheological Shock Absorber Induced by a Magnetic Field
Authors: Sawada Tatsuo , Endo Takuma , Shimizu Yuzo , Nishida Hitoshi
Published: March 2018

In this study, we report the theoretical resistance force of a magneto-rheological (MR) shock absorber. We use the Bingham plastic model to theoretically represent the dynamic behavior of MR fluid flow in a circular pipe under the effect of a magnetic field. Because an MR fluid has yield stresses, the flow is divided into two regions: shear flow and plug flow. We reveal the relation between the resistance force of the MR shock absorber and the applied magnetic field. We conduct experiments and compare the experimental and analytical results to verify the theoretical approach.
Magnetic Hysteresis Loss Calculations of HTS Coil under Rotating Magnetic Fields
Authors: Tunç Serhat , Inanir Fedai
Published: March 2018

We calculate magnetic hysteresis loss of HTS coil under rotating magnetic field. No transport current through the coil is assumed other than induced current. In order to find the frequency and applied field direction dependence of the loss, we present the loss versus applied field amplitude curves, for the frequencies f=1, 10, 100 and 1000 Hz, for seven different orientations of magnetic field. The hysteretic loss through the SC component increases with increasing frequency. This behavior is a consequence of higher field penetration to the tape at higher frequencies.
Awareness of Bullying in Residency: Results of a National Survey of Internal Medicine Program Directors
Authors: Ayyala Manasa S. , Chaudhry Saima , Windish Donna , Dupras Denise , Reddy Shalini T. , Wright Scott M.
Published: March 2018

Background 

Bullying of medical trainees is believed to occur more frequently in medical education than once thought.

Objective 

We conducted a survey to understand internal medicine program director (PD) perspectives and awareness about bullying in their residency programs.

Methods 

The 2015 Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine (APDIM) annual survey was e-mailed to 368 of 396 PDs with APDIM membership, representing 93% of internal medicine residency programs. Questions about bullying were embedded within the survey. Bivariate analyses were performed on PD and program characteristics.

Results 

Of a total of 368 PD APDIM members, 227 PDs (62%) responded to the survey. Less than one-third of respondents (71 of 227, 31%) reported being aware of bullying in their residency programs during the previous year. There were no significant differences in program or PD characteristics between respondents who reported bullying in their programs and those who did not (gender, tenure as PD, geographic location, or specialty, all P > .05). Those who acknowledged bullying in their program were more likely to agree it was a problem in graduate medical education (P < .0001), and it had a significant negative impact on the learning environment (P < .0001). The majority of reported events entailed verbal disparagements, directed toward interns and women, and involved attending physicians, other residents, and nurses.

Conclusions 

This national survey of internal medicine PDs reveals that a minority of PDs acknowledged recent bullying in their training programs, and reportedly saw it as a problem in the learning environment.
Qualidade morfológica de mudas de Prunus sellowii submetidas a diferentes substratos
Authors: Dutra Adriana Falcão , Araujo Maristela Machado , Zimmermann Anna Paula Lora , Rorato Daniele Guarienti , Aimi Suelen Carpenedo
Published: March 2018

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar diferentes proporções de casca de arroz carbonizada em substrato comercial, no crescimento de mudas de Prunus sellowii em viveiro. Os tratamentos foram compostos de: T1 - 100% substrato comercial (SC); T2 - 90% SC e 10% casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC); T3-80% SC e 20% CAC; T4 -70% SC e 30% CAC; T5 - 60% SC e 40% CAC; T6 - 50% SC e 50% CAC, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Recomenda-se a adição de até 30% de CAC, sem prejuízos ao crescimento dessa espécie em viveiro.
Vida e obra tragicamente contraditórias de Friedrich Nietzsche
Authors: Leles Filho Paulo Dante Fornazier , Bernardes Sueli Teresinha de Abreu
Published: March 2018

Resultado de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar em andamento, este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar uma análise biográfica e conceitual da vida e da obra de Friedrich Nietzsche por meio de uma leitura hermenêutica. Para isso, aspectos desde sua infância foram considerados para a melhor apreensão de sentidos que podem ter contribuído para a construção de sua personalidade e de seus posteriores conceitos. Além de sua infância, um momento de igual importância que teve especial enfoque foi sua formação escolar e acadêmica, uma vez que por meio destas o filósofo alemão tem seu primeiro contato com conteúdos e temáticas que lhe guiariam durante toda a vida. As contradições vividas por Friedrich Nietzsche foram também colocadas sob a luz da reflexão e investigação, tendo em vista sua grande contribuição para a formação de um filósofo que se daria como aquele que tudo destrói (filósofo do martelo). Ao final, é propõe-se expor a decadência tida pelo filósofo alemão até sua morte, bem como as consequências causadas por tal ocorrência.
Educação primária na província do Paraná entre 1854 a 1871: um breve percurso a partir das fontes da época
Authors: Santi Denize Naiara , Castanha André Paulo
Published: March 2018

Esse artigo é resultado de um projeto de pesquisa, que teve por objetivo realizar a catalogação dos documentos referentes à educação no período de 1854 a 1871. O contato com as fontes do século XIX e com estudiosos do período, como Castanha (2007, 2011), Lombardi (2004), Miguel (2000, 2006), Oliveira (1986) e Saviani (2006), entre outros, permitiu refletir, ainda que de forma preliminar, sobre o desenvolvimento da instrução Primária na Província do Paraná. Assim, temos como objetivo central no presente texto compreender os principais problemas apresentados para organizar a educação no período, bem como algumas das saídas apontadas. Para tanto, traçamos um breve percurso da história da instrução na Província do Paraná, desde 1854 até 1871. A metodologia adotada consistiu na leitura e interpretação das fontes considerando o contexto em que foram produzidas. Dentre as fontes utilizadas, destacamos: relatórios de presidentes, inspetores, leis, decretos, além de estudiosos do período. Considerando a importância da análise das leis educacionais, destacamos ao longo do artigo que o período delimitado foi marcado por modificações nas leis nacionais, e provinciais, gerado pelas mudanças sociais e políticas ocorridas na época. Em relação à instrução na Província do Paraná, percebemos que ela sofreu ao longo do período imperial diversas influências, dentre elas, as muitas mudanças de partidos políticos que alternavam a conduta da educação, formulando, reformulando e não implementando os regulamentos, sem haver uma estabilidade legal para garantir o desenvolvimento da instrução pública.
The Fundamentals of Fashion Design
Authors: Sorger Richard , Udale Jenny
Published: March 2018

The Fundamentals of Fashion Design provides a fully illustrated introduction to the key elements of fashion design, from the initial concept of a fashion idea to realizing it in 3D form. Writing with clarity and precision, Richard Sorger and Jenny Udale explain the entire fashion design process, including research and design, fabrics and their properties, construction methods and how to form and promote a collection.

This third edition has been updated to include the latest design and construction techniques and stunning new visual examples. New and updated interviews with practitioners working for leading fashion brands offer key insights into succeeding in the industry today and a preface by fashion designer and instructor Shelley Fox introduces and contextualizes the new edition. Exercises also help readers to discover and experiment with design techniques first hand.

Overall, this book is a rich and dynamic resource that will inspire readers to develop their own design work and embark on a career in fashion with confidence, proficiency and enthusiasm.
A high-resolution inventory of air pollutant emissions from crop residue burning in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Lu Yan , Wang Qin'geng , Qian Xin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Crop residue burning is an important source of air pollutants and strongly affects the regional air quality and global climate change. This study presents a detailed emission inventory of major air pollutants from crop residue burning for the year of 2014 in China. Activity data were investigated for 296 prefecture-level cities, and emissions were firstly estimated for each city and then redistributed using 1-km resolution land use data. Temporal variation was determined according to the farming practice in different regions. The MODIS fire product was applied to verify the spatial and temporal variations of the inventory. Results indicates that the total emissions of BC, OC, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX, NH3, CH4, NMVOC, CO and CO2 from crop residue burning (including open and household fuel burnings) were estimated to be 0.16, 0.82, 2.30, 2.66, 0.09, 0.70, 0.14, 0.81, 1.70, 13.70 and 309.04 Tg, respectively. Rice, wheat and corn were the three major contributors, but their relative contributions varied with region and season. High emissions were generally located in the eastern China, central China and northeastern China, and temporally peaking in June and October relating with harvesting time. The spatially and temporal distributions agree well with the fire pixel counts from MODIS. Uncertainties were estimated using the Monte Carlo method. This study provides a useful basis for air quality modeling and the policy making of pollution control strategies.
Comparisons of the tropospheric specific humidity from GPS radio occultations with ERA-Interim, NASA MERRA, and AIRS data
Authors: Vergados Panagiotis , Mannucci Anthony J. , Ao Chi O. , Verkhoglyadova Olga , Iijima Byron
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We construct a 9-year data record (2007–2015) of the tropospheric
specific humidity using Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS RO)
observations from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,
Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission. This record covers the ±40∘ latitude belt and includes estimates of the zonally averaged monthly
mean specific humidity from 700 up to 400 hPa. It includes three major
climate zones: (a) the deep tropics (±15∘), (b) the trade winds
belts (±15–30∘), and (c) the subtropics (±30–40∘).
We find that the RO observations agree very well with the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim), the
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and
the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) by capturing similar magnitudes and
patterns of variability in the monthly zonal mean specific humidity and
interannual anomaly over annual and interannual timescales. The JPL and UCAR
specific humidity climatologies differ by less than 15 % (depending on
location and pressure level), primarily due to differences in the retrieved
refractivity. In the middle-to-upper troposphere, in all climate zones, JPL
is the wettest of all data sets, AIRS is the driest of all data sets, and
UCAR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA are in very good agreement, lying between the
JPL and AIRS climatologies. In the lower-to-middle troposphere, we present a
complex behavior of discrepancies, and we speculate that this might be due to
convection and entrainment. Conclusively, the RO observations could
potentially be used as a climate variable, but more thorough analysis is
required to assess the structural uncertainty between centers and its origin.
Sedproxy: a forward model for sediment archived climate proxies
Authors: Dolman Andrew M. , Laepple Thomas
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Climate reconstructions based on proxy records recovered from marine sediments, such as alkenone records or geochemical parameters measured on foraminifera, play an important role in our understanding of the climate system. They provide information about the state of the ocean ranging back hundreds to millions of years and form the backbone of paleo-oceanography. However, there are many sources of uncertainty associated with the signal recovered from sediment archived proxies. These include seasonal or depth habitat biases in the recorded signal, a frequency dependent reduction in the amplitude of the recorded signal due to bioturbation of the sediment, aliasing of high frequency climate variation onto a nominally annual, decadal or centennial resolution signal, and additional sample processing and measurement error introduced when the proxy signal is recovered. Here we present a forward model for sediment archived proxies that jointly models the above processes, so that the magnitude of their separate and combined effects can be investigated. Applications include the interpretation and analysis of uncertainty in existing proxy records, parameter sensitivity analysis to optimize future studies, and the generation of pseudo-proxy records that can be used to test reconstruction methods. We provide examples, such as the simulation of individual foraminifera records, that demonstrate the usefulness of the forward model for paleoclimate studies. The model is implemented as a user-friendly R package, sedproxy, the use of which we hope will contribute to a better understanding of both the limitations and potential of marine sediment proxies to inform about past climate.
Assimilating Compact Phase Space Retrievals (CPSRs): Comparison with Independent Observations (MOZAIC in situ and IASI Retrievals) and Extension to Assimilation of Truncated Retrieval Profiles
Authors: Mizzi Arthur P. , Edwards David P. , Anderson Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Assimilation of atmospheric composition retrievals presents computational challenges due to their high data volume and often sparse information density. Assimilation of compact phase space retrievals (CPSRs) meets those challenges and offers a promising alternative to assimilation of raw retrievals at reduced computational cost (Mizzi et al., 2016). This paper compares analysis and forecast results from assimilation of Terra/Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide (CO) CPSRs with independent observations. We use MetOp-A/Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO retrievals and Measurement of OZone, water vapor, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides by in service AIrbus airCraft (MOZAIC) in situ CO profiles for our independent observation comparisons. Generally, the results confirm that assimilation of MOPITT CPSRs improved the WRF-Chem/DART analysis fit and forecast skill at a reduced computational cost (~ 35 % reduction) when compared to assimilation of raw or quasi-optimal retrievals (QORs). Comparison with the independent observations shows that assimilation of MOPITT CO generally improved the analysis fit and forecast skill in the lower troposphere but degraded it in the upper troposphere. We attribute that degradation to assimilation of MOPITT CO retrievals with a possible bias of ~ 14 % above 300 hPa. To discard the biased retrievals, in this paper we also extend CPSRs to assimilation of truncated retrieval profiles (as opposed to assimilation of full retrieval profiles). Those results show that not assimilating the biased retrievals: (i) resolves the upper tropospheric analysis fit degradation issue, (ii) has commensurate reductions in assimilation computation cost, and (iii) reduces the impact of assimilating the remaining unbiased retrievals because the total information content and vertical sensitivities are changed.
Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers
Authors: Bresciani Etienne , Cranswick Roger H. , Banks Eddie W. , Batlle-Aguilar Jordi , Cook Peter G. , Batelaan Okke
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of
the world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacent
mountains. Such recharge can effectively occur through either stream
infiltration in the mountain-front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) or
subsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While a
thorough understanding of recharge mechanisms is critical for
conceptualizing and managing groundwater systems, distinguishing between MFR
and MBR is difficult. We present an approach that uses hydraulic head,
chloride and electrical conductivity (EC) data to distinguish between MFR
and MBR. These variables are inexpensive to measure, and may be readily
available from hydrogeological databases in many cases. Hydraulic heads can
provide information on groundwater flow directions and stream–aquifer interactions, while
chloride concentrations and EC values can be used to distinguish between
different water sources if these have a distinct signature. Such information
can provide evidence for the occurrence or absence of MFR and MBR. This
approach is tested through application to the Adelaide Plains basin, South
Australia. The recharge mechanisms of this basin have long been debated, in
part due to difficulties in understanding the hydraulic role of faults. Both
hydraulic head and chloride (equivalently, EC) data consistently suggest
that streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing when
entering the basin. Moreover, the data indicate that not only the Quaternary
aquifers but also the deeper Tertiary aquifers are recharged through MFR and
not MBR. It is expected that this finding will have a significant impact on
the management of water resources in the region. This study demonstrates the
relevance of using hydraulic head, chloride and EC data to distinguish
between MFR and MBR.
Sediment traps with guiding channel and hybrid check dams improve controlled sediment retention
Authors: Schwindt Sebastian , Franca Mário J. , Reffo Alessandro , Schleiss Anton J.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Sediment traps with partially open check dams are crucial elements for flood
protection in alpine regions. The trapping of sediment is necessary when
intense sediment transport occurs during floods that may endanger urban areas
at downstream river reaches. In turn, the unwanted permanent trapping of
sediment during small, non-hazardous floods can result in the ecological and
morphological degradation of downstream reaches. This study experimentally
analyses a novel concept for permeable sediment traps. For ensuring the
sediment transfer up to small floods, a guiding channel implemented in the
deposition area of a sediment trap was systematically studied. The bankfull
discharge of the guiding channel corresponds to a dominant morphological
discharge. At the downstream end of the guiding channel, a permeable barrier
(check dam) triggers sediment retention and deposition. The permeable barrier
consists of a bar screen for mechanical deposition control, superposed to a
flow constriction for the hydraulic control. The barrier obstructs hazardous
sediment transport for discharges that are higher than the bankfull discharge
of the guiding channel without the risk of unwanted sediment flushing
(massive self-cleaning).
Scale and spatial distribution assessment of rainfall-induced landslides in a catchment with mountain roads
Authors: Tseng Chih-Ming , Chen Yie-Ruey , Wu Szu-Mi
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This study focused on landslides in a catchment with mountain roads
that were caused by Nanmadol (2011) and Kong-rey (2013) typhoons. Image
interpretation techniques were employed to for satellite images
captured before and after the typhoons to derive the surface changes.
A multivariate hazard evaluation method was adopted to establish a landslide
susceptibility assessment model. The evaluation of landslide locations and
relationship between landslide and predisposing factors is preparatory for
assessing and mapping landslide susceptibility. The results can serve as
a reference for preventing and mitigating slope disasters on mountain roads.
From wind to loads: wind turbine site-specific load estimation using databases with high-fidelity load simulations
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay , Kelly Mark , Vignaroli Andrea , Berg Jacob
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We define and demonstrate a procedure for quick assessment of site-specific lifetime fatigue loads, using surrogate models calibrated by means of a database with high-fidelity load simulations. The performance of six surrogate models is assessed by comparing site-specific lifetime fatigue load predictions at ten sites. The surrogate methods include polynomial-chaos expansion, quadratic response surface, universal Kriging, importance sampling, and nearest-neighbor interpolation. Practical bounds for the database and calibration are defined via nine environmental variables, and their relative effects on the fatigue loads are evaluated by means of Sobol sensitivity indices. Of the surrogate-model methods, polynomial-chaos expansion provided an accurate and robust performance in prediction of the different site-specific loads. Although the Kriging approach showed slightly better accuracy, it also demanded more computational resources. Taking into account other useful properties of the polynomial chaos expansion method within the performance comparisons, we consider it to generally be the most useful for quick assessment of site-specific loads.