bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of product ions by electrospray ionization and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to support regulatory analysis of veterinary drug residues in foods. Part 2: Benzimidazoles, nitromidazoles, phenothiazines, and mectins
Authors: Nuñez Alberto , Lehotay Steven J. , Geis‐Asteggiante Lucía
Published: March 2015

Rationale

Analysis for identification and quantification of regulated veterinary drug residues in foods is usually achieved by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The instrumental method requires the selection of characteristic ions, but structural elucidation is seldom performed to help ensure accuracy. This study is a continuation of previous work to characterize selected product ions in support of regulatory monitoring programs.

Methods

The tandem mass spectra of 28 veterinary drugs from a previously published LC/MS/MS method were acquired with a high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The TOF analyzer was calibrated to achieve a mass accuracy error <5 ppm for the MS and MS/MS modes, and samples were infused for data acquisition.

Results

The high mass accuracy achieved in Q‐TOF allowed elucidation of the formulae of the product ions previously selected for qualitative identification. Rational interpretation of results was made and compared with the published literature, and the structure for the MS/MS product ions of four classes of regulated drugs (mectins, benzimidazoles, nitroimidazoles, and phenothiazines), totaling 28 compounds, were examined leading to the report of new structures or confirmation of published structures using low‐resolution MS.

Conclusions

Structural characterization of the product ions selected for identification and quantification of veterinary drug residues is important information for regulatory monitoring programs in defense of regulatory enforcement actions. This study has allowed structural elucidation of 84 MS/MS product ions previously selected for the LC/MS/MS analysis of 28 drug analytes. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Mass spectrometric identification of the N‐monosubstituted N‐hydroxylamino functionality in protonated analytes via ion/molecule reactions in tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sheng Huaming , Tang Weijuan , Yerabolu Ravikiran , Kong John Y. , Williams Peggy E. , Zhang Minli , Kenttämaa Hilkka I.
Published: March 2015

Rationale

N‐Monosubstituted hydroxylamines correspond to an important class of metabolites for many bioactive molecules. In this study, a tandem mass spectrometric method based on ion/molecule reactions was developed for the identification of compounds with the N‐monosubstituted hydroxylamino functionality.

Methods

The diagnostic ion/molecule reaction occurs between protonated analytes with 2‐methoxypropene (MOP) inside a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.

Results

Most protonated compounds with N‐monosubstituted and disubstituted hydroxylamino and oxime functional groups react with MOP via proton transfer and formation of a stable adduct in a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. However, only protonated compounds with N‐monosubstituted hydroxylamino groups form the characteristic MOP adduct–MeOH product. Possible mechanisms of this reaction are discussed.

Conclusions

A method based on functional group‐selective ion/molecule reactions in a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer has been demonstrated to allow the identification of protonated compounds with the N‐monosubstituted hydroxylamino functionality. Only N‐monosubstituted hydroxylamines react with MOP via formation of an adduct that has eliminated methanol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the complexity of oil sands process‐affected water by high efficiency supercritical fluid chromatography/orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Pereira A. S. , Martin J. W.
Published: March 2015

Rationale

Approximately 1 billion m3 of oil sands process‐affected water (OSPW) is currently stored in tailings ponds in Northern Alberta, Canada. The dissolved organic compounds in OSPW have been termed a supercomplex mixture of bitumen‐derived substances and continuing efforts to understand its underlying chemical composition are important for evaluating its environmental hazards.

Methods

Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was applied to OSPW analysis for the first time. By combining four columns in series (each 25 cm × 4.6 mm I.D., 5.0 µm bare silica) approximately 80,000 plates were achieved on a 1 m column. Using a simple fixed restrictor, the SFC eluent was coupled directly to ultrahigh‐resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry (SFC/Orbitrap‐MS).

Results

SFC/Orbitrap‐MS, with positive and negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI +/–), revealed the partial or full chromatographic separation of isomers for a wide array of chemical species, including naphthenic acids (CnH2n + ZO2) and unknown sulfur‐ and nitrogen‐containing molecules. For smaller compounds (e.g. naphthenic acids where n ≤10), or for larger structurally constrained compounds (e.g. C16 naphthenic acid with 9 double‐bond equivalents), apparent baseline resolution of many isomers was possible. Isomer‐specific MS/MS experiments furthermore allowed characterization of functional groups in novel species. For example, in APCI+ mode, up to 16 isomers of C6H11ON were revealed to have amide and amino functionalities.

Conclusions

This combination of high efficiency chromatography and ultra‐high mass resolution detection resulted in a powerful method with capabilities for characterizing or 'fingerprinting' unknown species with little interference. The method has great promise for environmental monitoring and forensics in the oil sands region, as well as for further studies on the composition of dissolved organic compounds in OSPW. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acquisition of the depth profiles and reproducible mass spectra in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization of inhomogeneous samples
Authors: Ahn Sung Hee , Park Kyung Man , Moon Jeong Hee , Lee Seong Hoon , Kim Myung Soo
Published: March 2015

Rationale

In our previous analysis of the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) spectra of peptides, we treated their depth profiles in solid samples as homogeneous. Here, we wanted to determine if the reproducible MALDI spectra and linear calibration curves reported previously would be obtained even when the depth profiles were inhomogeneous.

Methods

We derived a formula relating shot‐number‐dependent ion abundance data in temperature‐controlled MALDI with the analyte depth profile in a solid sample. We prepared samples containing peptides, amino acids, and serotonin in α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid matrix by vacuum‐drying and micro‐spotting methods, recorded their MALDI spectra, and analyzed them with the aforementioned formula.

Results

For the samples prepared by vacuum‐drying, the analyte depth profiles were inhomogeneous and maximized at the sample surface. Although the MALDI spectra changed as the shot continued, their sum over the entire set of spectra acquired from a spot was reproducible. Similarly, a high‐quality calibration curve could be obtained with the spectral data summed over the entire set. Depth profiles were homogeneous for samples prepared by micro‐spotting.

Conclusions

A method has been developed to obtain a reproducible MALDI spectrum and a linear calibration curve for an analyte with an inhomogeneous depth profile in a solid sample. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable isotope analysis of Dacryoconarid carbonate microfossils: a new tool for Devonian oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy
Authors: Frappier Amy Benoit , Lindemann Richard H. , Frappier Brian R.
Published: March 2015

Rationale

Dacryoconarids are extinct marine zooplankton known from abundant, globally distributed calcite microfossils in the Devonian, but their shell stable isotope composition has not been previously explored. Devonian stable isotope stratigraphy is currently limited to less common invertebrates or bulk rock analyses of uncertain provenance. As with Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera, isotopic analysis of dacryoconarid shells could facilitate higher‐resolution, geographically widespread stable isotope records of paleoenvironmental change, including marine hypoxia events, climate changes, and biocrises. We explored the use of Dacryoconarid isotope stratigraphy as a viable method in interpreting paleoenvironments.

Methods

We applied an established method for determining stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O values) of small carbonate microfossils to very well‐preserved dacryoconarid shells. We analyzed individual calcite shells representing five common genera using a Kiel carbonate device coupled to a MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Calcite shell δ13C and δ18O values were compared by taxonomic group, rock unit, and locality.

Results

Single dacryoconarid calcite shells are suitable for stable isotope analysis using a Kiel‐IRMS setup. The dacryoconarid shell δ13C values (–4.7 to 2.3‰) and δ18O values (–10.3 to –4.8‰) were consistent across taxa, independent of shell size or part, but varied systematically through time. Lower fossil δ18O values were associated with warmer water temperature and more variable δ13C values were associated with major bioevents. Dacryoconarid δ13C and δ18O values differed from bulk rock carbonate values.

Conclusions

Dacryoconarid individual microfossil δ13C and δ18O values are highly sensitive to paleoenvironmental changes, thus providing a promising avenue for stable isotope chemostratigraphy to better resolve regional to global paleoceanographic changes throughout the upper Silurian to the upper Devonian. Our results warrant further exploration of dacryoconarid stable isotope proxy sensitivity, the isotopic contrast among dacryoconarids, other taxa, and bulk rock, as well as other potential dacryoconarid proxies (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, 87Sr/86Sr, microlaser and ion microprobe isotope techniques, and clumped isotopes) for stratigraphic research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryogenic separation of an oxygen–argon mixture in natural air samples for the determination of isotope and molecular ratios
Authors: Keedakkadan Habeeb Rahman , Abe Osamu
Published: March 2015

Rationale

The separation and purification of oxygen–argon mixtures are critical in the high‐precision analysis of Δ17O and δ(O2/Ar) for geochemical applications. At present, chromatographic methods are used for the separation and purification of oxygen–argon mixtures or pure oxygen, but these methods require the use of high‐purity helium as a carrier gas. Considerable interest has been expressed in the development of a helium‐free cryogenic separation of oxygen–argon mixtures in natural air samples.

Methods

The precise and simplified cryogenic separation of oxygen–argon mixtures from natural air samples presented here was made possible using a single 5A (30/60 mesh) molecular sieve column. The method involves the trapping of eluted gases using molecular sieves at liquid nitrogen temperature, which is associated with isotopic fractionation. We tested the proposed method for the determination of isotopic fractionations during the gas exchange between water and atmospheric air at equilibrium. The dependency of fractionation was studied at different water temperatures and for different methods of equilibration (bubbling and stirring). Isotopic and molecular fractionations during gas desorption from molecular sieves were studied for different amounts and types of molecular sieves.

Results

Repeated measurements of atmospheric air yielded a reproducibility (±SD) of 0.021 ‰, 0.044 ‰, 15 per meg and 1.9 ‰ for δ17O, δ18O, Δ17O and δ(O2/Ar) values, respectively. We applied the method to determine equilibrium isotope fractionation during gas exchange between air and water. Consistent δ18O and Δ17O results were obtained with the latest two studies, whereas there was a significant difference in δ18O values between seawater and deionized water.

Conclusions

We have revised a helium‐free, cryogenic separation of oxygen–argon mixtures in natural air samples for isotopic and molecular ratio analysis. The use of a single 13X (1/8" pellet) molecular sieve yielded the smallest isotopic and molecular fractionations, and this fractionation by molecular sieves can be corrected by the amount of molecular sieve used in the experiment. The reproducibility of the method was tested by the measurement of the oxygen isotope ratios of dissolved oxygen at equilibrium with atmospheric air. We confirmed that the choice of methods for making air‐equilibrated water was not related to the magnitude of isotope fractionation, whereas there was a difference between seawater and deionized water. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on the Influence of the Arc Region on Heat and Mass Transport in an EAF Freeboard using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Gruber Jacqueline C. , Echterhof Thomas , Pfeifer Herbert
Published: March 2015

The melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace is a highly energy intensive process, whereby the energy required depends on the individual operational parameters of a heat, size of the furnace, and type of steel being produced. In current EAF operation, up to and sometimes more than 40% of the total energy consumption is provided by chemical sources like natural gas, charged and injected carbon, etc. Since the optimization of electrical and chemical energy use within the furnace is an important and ongoing process, to use as much of the chemical energy inside the furnace as possible is mandatory. However, the high temperatures and electromagnetic interference during the power‐on phase make it hard to monitor and control the transient processes within an electric arc furnace. To increase the understanding of heat and mass transfer inside the electric arc furnace freeboard, which directly influences the post‐combustion of, e.g., CO and H2, the influence of the arc jets on fluid flow and temperature distribution in the arc region has been investigated using numerical modeling. In this paper, we show the results achieved so far and present the conclusions gained as well as the challenges that still have to be overcome.
Phase I trial of volasertib, a Polo-like kinase inhibitor, plus platinum agents in solid tumors: safety, pharmacokinetics and activity
Authors: Awada Ahmad , Dumez Herlinde , Aftimos Philippe G. , Costermans Jo , Bartholomeus Sylvie , Forceville Kathleen , Berghmans Thierry , Meeus Marie-Anne , Cescutti Jessica , Munzert Gerd , Pilz Korinna , Liu Dan , Schöffski Patrick
Published: March 2015

Background This trial evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of volasertib, a selective Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor that induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis, combined with cisplatin or carboplatin in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors (NCT00969761; 1230.6). Methods Sequential patient cohorts (3 + 3 dose-escalation design) received a single infusion of volasertib (100–350 mg) with cisplatin (60–100 mg/m2) or carboplatin (area under the concentration versus time curve [AUC]4–AUC6) on day 1 every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. Sixty-one patients received volasertib/cisplatin (n = 30) or volasertib/carboplatin (n = 31) for a median of 3.5 (range, 1–6) and 2.0 (range, 1–6) treatment cycles, respectively. Results The most common cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and fatigue. MTDs (based on cycle 1 DLTs) were determined to be volasertib 300 mg plus cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and volasertib 300 mg plus carboplatin AUC6. Co-administration did not affect the pharmacokinetics of each drug. Partial responses were observed in two patients in each arm. Stable disease was achieved in 11 and six patients treated with volasertib/cisplatin and volasertib/carboplatin, respectively. Conclusions Volasertib plus cisplatin or carboplatin at full single-agent doses was generally manageable and demonstrated activity in heavily pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors.
Effect of Different Deacidification Methods on Phytonutrients Retention in Deacidified Fractionated Palm Oil
Authors: Kumar P. K. Prasanth , Krishna A. G. Gopala
Published: March 2015

Crude red palm oil of 11.4 % free fatty acid content was dry fractionated to obtain liquid crude red palm olein which was deacidified using enzyme (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei), solvent (ethanol), and chemical (aqueous sodium hydroxide), and its effect on physicochemical characteristics and phytonutrients retention was evaluated. Enzymatic deacidification showed 100 % product yield and no neutral lipid loss, whereas yields of 78 and 62 % and neutral lipid loss of 12 and 30 % were observed for solvent and chemical deacidification, respectively. Variation in viscosity (25.3–37.2 cSt at 40 °C), slip melting point (15–36 °C), monoacylglycerols (1.7–3.3 %), and diacylglycerols (5.8–27.9 %) were also observed. Carotenoid content was slightly reduced by enzymatic (535 mg/kg), solvent (556 mg/kg), and chemical (526 mg/kg) deacidification. Retention of phytonutrients such as phytosterols (1,235 mg/kg), total tocopherols (965 mg/kg), squalene (301 mg/kg), coenzyme Q10 (25.9 mg/kg), and total phenolics (3 mg/kg) was highest following enzymatic deacidification. The IC50 value of the enzymatic deacidified sample (21.8 mg/ml) indicates more radical scavenging activity than in samples obtained using solvent (42.0 mg/ml) and chemical (28.8 mg/ml) methods.
Quantitative Determination of Natural Glycolipids from Oil Seed by Automated High‐Performance Thin‐Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
Authors: Wenzel O. , Fernández J. , Sohling U. , Niemeyer B.
Published: March 2015

The role of glycolipids in vegetable oil refining and production of bio‐based fuels has not been disclosed so far. Such investigations required a reliable and reproducible quantitative determination of these compounds. Fundamental data were therefore established on the quantitative determination of glycolipids in vegetable oil gums by means of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC). Concentrating on five abundant natural glycolipid classes found in these oils, identification of a suitable separation method for the employed glycolipid mixture and those parameters relevant for successful detection were considered in detail. The special importance of sample volume when employing quantitative HPTLC was discussed. Acetone/chloroform/water 6:3:0.4 (v/v/v) was identified as a convenient mobile phase for the investigated issue. A derivatization reagent comprising methanol, copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate, sulfuric acid 98 %, and phosphoric acid 85 % was identified. Subsequent heating at 135 °C for 10 min finished the derivatization and enabled detection at λ = 370 nm. Calibration curves ranging from 1500 to 31.25 ng/mL, regarding both peak area and peak height, were determined. The good correlation of parameters enabled the application of the method to real oil gum samples from sunflower and soybean oil. This revealed that digalactosyldiglycerides in combination with either sterylglucosides or acylated sterylglucosides represented the major glycolipid classes in these oils.
Bürgerbeteiligung zur Gemeindeentwicklung im ländlichen Raum – Möglichkeiten der Methodenkombination am Beispiel von Steinach im Kinzigtal
Authors: C. Uhlendahl Thomas
Published: March 2015

The federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg requires public participation for fundings on communal development. Various methods and instruments of public participation do exist now for years. Until 2014, the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg has funded wisdom councils (BürgerInnenRäte) to integrate the public who would normally not participate in any community work on local politics. Several thematic workshops were organized in Steinach, Kinzigtal in 2013 so as to create a development concept for the local community. Complementing the workshops a wisdom council was founded supporting an application for the Landessanieungsprogramm (programme to redevelop local communities). The results of the workshops were integrated into the development concept and were the basis for the process of the wisdom council. Without major changes, the proposed solution suggested by the wisdom council was converted into an application to the Landessanierungsprogramm. While demonstrating the innovative synergetic combination of methods of public participation, this essay additionally shows the advantages for communal planers in charge of engineering development concepts for rural communities which are affected by demographic and structural change.
Landnutzungswandel durch demographischen Wandel? Evidenzen und Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Hoffmann Jens , Dehne Peter , Weith Thomas , Strauß Christian , Gaasch M.A. Nadin
Published: March 2015

Demographic change is often mentioned as one main driver for land use change. Since the 1970s, experts of spatial planning discuss consequences of demographic change. Currently, the topic is of importance in societal debates, too. However, does demographic change really directly influence land use change? As yet, comprehensive models of land use change are missing that describe the consequences of demographic change on land use in par- ticular; mainly partial models exist up to now. Thus, this paper contributes to the questions if there is any empirical evidence for direct relations between demographic change and land use change and what consequences this has for spatial research and spatial development policies. For an- swering these questions, we conducted a comprehensive literature analysis for the period from 2005 to 2013 with regard to the German discourse and discussed the results at two expert workshops. The analysis shows a lack of refer- ences that provide evidence for a direct influence of demo- graphic change on land use. This is in particular significant for the following types of land use: agriculture, forestry, tourism, and nature protection. Also indirect cause effect relations cannot be proved fully due to the lack of empiri- cism. Consequently, serious uncertainties exist regarding the effectiveness of spatial planning and spatial develop- ment approaches within this context.
Different risk factors between reflux symptoms and mucosal injury in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Li Chung‐Hsien , Hsieh Tsung‐Cheng , Hsiao Tsung‐Hsien , Wang Pin‐Chao , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Lin Hans Hsienhong , Wang Chia‐Chi
Published: March 2015

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is diagnosed based on typical symptoms in clinical practice. It can be divided into two groups using endoscopy: erosive and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). This study aims to determine the risk factors of reflux symptoms and mucosal injury. This was a two‐step case‐control study derived from a cohort of 998 individuals having the data of reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) and endoscopic findings. Those with minor reflux symptoms were excluded. The first step compared symptomatic GERD patients with healthy controls. The 2nd step compared patients with erosive esophagitis with healthy controls. In this study, the prevalence of symptomatic GERD and erosive esophagitis were 163 (16.3%) and 166 (16.6%), respectively. A total of 507 asymptomatic individuals without mucosal injury of the esophagus on endoscopy were selected as healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, multivariate analyses showed that symptomatic GERD patients had a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratio (OR), 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.96] and obesity (OR, 1.85; 95% CI 1.08–3.02). By contrast, male sex (OR, 2.24; 95% CI 1.42–3.52), positive Campylo‐like organism (CLO) test (OR, 0.56; 95% CI 0.37–0.84), and hiatus hernia (OR, 14.36; 95% CI 3.05–67.6) were associated with erosive esophagitis. In conclusion, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with reflux symptoms. By contrast, male sex, negative infection of Helicobacter pylori, and hiatus hernia were associated with mucosal injury. Our results suggested that risk factors of reflux symptoms or mucosal injury might be different in GERD patients. The underlying mechanism awaits further studies to clarify.
Rehabilitation Management of Hemicorporectomy
Authors: Cavalheiro Daniela Potas , Marten Teixeira João Eduardo , Braga Douglas Martins , Pessoa Claudia Vöhringer , Ceregatti Marina , McNeill Ingham Sheila Jean
Published: March 2015

This is a case report of a 55‐year‐old woman who was treated with a hemicorporectomy consequent to an invasive undifferentiated sacral chordoma. We describe the clinical course and rehabilitation process in an amputee outpatient clinic and report outcome measures such as the modified Functional Reach Test, the Amputee Mobility Predictor, the Functional Independence Measure, and the Short‐Form Health Survey after 9 months of rehabilitation.
Effect of the Matter of Balance Program on Balance Confidence in Older Adults
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey L. , Sartor-Glittenberg Cecelia , Bordenave Elton , Bordenave Lori
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This pre/posttest study investigated the effect of A Matter of Balance: Managing Concerns about Falls (MOB) on balance confidence in older adults. MOB is an evidence-based program designed to decrease fear of falling and increase activity in older adults. Thirty-three participants completed the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) pre- and postprogram. Significant differences were found for 3 items: reach for small can off a shelf at eye level (p = .006), walk outside the house to a car parked in the driveway (p = .028), and walk outside on icy sidewalks (p = .009); and for total ABC scores (p = .024). The findings support the efficacy of MOB for increasing balance confidence through a combination of education and exercise.
Capacity to Choose Homelessness and Assessment of the Need for Guardianship
Authors: Wand Anne P. F. , Peisah Carmelle , Hunter Karen L.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A 77-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder and mild cognitive impairment, who had been homeless for much of her life, had been placed against her wishes in a locked dementia-specific hostel following a psychiatric admission for delirium. This had occurred without a formal coercive accommodation guardianship order, but with family consent. The patient was distressed by the placement, frequently expressing the wish to leave and attempting to escape. The mental health team assessed her capacity to decide where she should live. Ethical and legal issues raised by the case are presented with relevance to the burgeoning global advocacy for the autonomous rights of people with mental illness and cognitive aging shared across jurisdictions and common to many human rights frameworks.
Time Series Analysis of Individual Music Therapy in Dementia
Authors: Schall Arthur , Haberstroh Julia , Pantel Johannes
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This pilot study evaluated the effects of individual music therapy on communication behavior and emotional well-being in persons with advanced dementia. Contrary to more common qualitative designs in dementia-related music therapy research, we used time series analysis of videographed music therapy sessions. This quantitative statistical method for modeling and explaining time-dependent processual data has not been employed in this research area before. Based on aggregated time series data, the results showed positive and statistically significant intervention effects on participants’ communication behavior, situational well-being, and their expression of positive emotions. The study results indicate that, by choosing appropriate outcomes, video-based time series analysis is sensitive and well suited to displaying the effects of music therapy in dementia care.
Validierung eines Trainings zum Aufbau eines Netzwerkes zur Berufsfindung
Authors: Schütte Nora , Blickle Gerhard
Published: March 2015

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein sozial-kognitives Trainingsprogramm zum Aufbau von Netzwerken im Rahmen der beruflichen Entwicklung von GymnasiastInnen beim Übergang von der Schule in die Ausbildung bzw. das Studium sowie dessen Evaluation vor. Das Training fokussiert auf den Aufbau neuer, beruflich relevanter Netzwerke und vermittelt die Grundlagen des Netzwerkens sowie deren praktische Umsetzung anhand von Videoanalysen, Rollenspielen und Gruppenarbeit. Eine vierwöchige selbstständige Übungsphase im Feld ergänzt das zweitägige Intensivtraining. Das längsschnittliche Untersuchungsdesign mit einer Vor- und zwei Nacherhebungen (N = 25, N = 19) wurde anhand mehrerer Datenquellen sowie eines internen Referenzstandards ( Cook & Campbell, 1979 ) evaluiert. Insgesamt konnten Verbesserungen des Aufbauens von Netzwerken im Zeitverlauf nachgewiesen werden.
Inventar zur Messung sozialer Kompetenzen in Selbst- und Fremdbild (ISK-360°)
Authors: Glitsch Edzard
Published: March 2015

Der ISK-360° erfasst grundlegende soziale Kompetenzen (Soziale Orientierung, Offensivität, Selbststeuerung, Reflexibilität) in Selbst- und Fremdbild. Durch die Erweiterung des Verfahrens um eine oder mehrere Fremdbildperspektiven sind Vergleiche zum Selbstbild möglich. Die Daten werden per Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Selbstbildes (ISK-360°-S) und zur Erfassung des Fremdbildes (ISK-360°-F) mit jeweils 32 Items erhoben. Der ISK-360° ist eine psychometrisch überprüfte Weiterentwicklung der Kurzversion des Inventars sozialer Kompetenzen (ISK, Kanning, 2009 ), bei dem es sich um ein Selbstbeurteilungsinstrument handelt. Die Fremdbeurteilungsperspektive eröffnet weitreichende Anwendungsperspektiven insbesondere im Bereich der Personalentwicklung und dem Coaching von Mitarbeitern. Für Vergleiche des Selbstbildes liegen Normwerte zu unterschiedlichen Stichproben vor.
Exploring Earthquakes, Slow Slip, and Triggering
Authors: Marsan David , Gomberg Joan , Bouchon Michel
Published: March 2015

Earthquakes: Nucleation, Triggering, and Relationships With Aseismic Processes; Cargèse, Corsica, France, 3–10 November 2014
Glacial Debris Hints at Ancient Climate Change
Authors: Betz Eric
Published: March 2015

Interspersed layers of debris in some of Antarctica's glaciers give clues to ancient swings in climate.
Functional Coupling of TRPV4, IK, and SK Channels Contributes to Ca2+‐Dependent Endothelial Injury in Rodent Lung
Authors: Lin Mike T. , Jian Ming‐Yuan , Taylor Mark S. , Cioffi Donna L. , Yap Fui C. , Liedtke Wolfgang , Townsley Mary I.
Published: March 2015

Our previous work has shown that the increased lung endothelial permeability response to 14,15‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15‐EET) in rat lung requires Ca2+ entry via vanilloid type‐4 transient receptor potential (TRPV4) channels. Recent studies suggest that activation of TRPV4 channels in systemic vascular endothelium prolongs agonist‐induced hyperpolarization and amplifies Ca2+ entry by activating Ca2+‐activated K+ (KCa) channels, resulting in vessel relaxation. Activation of endothelial KCa channels thus has potential to increase the electrochemical driving force for Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 channels and to amplify permeability responses to TRPV4 activation in lung. To examine this hypothesis, we used Western blot analysis, electrophysiological recordings, and isolated‐lung permeability measurements to document expression of TRPV4 and KCa channels and the potential for functional coupling. The results show that rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells express TRPV4 and 3 KCa channels of different conductances: large (BK), intermediate (IK), and small (SK3). However, TRPV4 channel activity modulates the IK and SK3, but not the BK, channel current density. Furthermore, the TRPV4‐mediated permeability response to 14,15‐EET in mouse lung is significantly attenuated by pharmacologic blockade of IK and SK3, but not BK, channels. Collectively, this functional coupling suggests that endothelial TRPV4 channels in rodent lung likely form signaling microdomains with IK and SK3 channels and that the integrated response dictates the extent of lung endothelial injury caused by 14,15‐EET.
‘Total cost of ownership’ of scholarly communication: managing subscription and APC payments together
Authors: LAWSON Stuart
Published: March 2015

Managing subscription journals and open access charges together has created challenges which may in part be dealt with by offsetting the two revenue streams against each other. In order to do this, it is necessary to have reliable financial data about the extent of the two interacting markets. Jisc Collections has been undertaking data collection regarding universities' article publication charge (APC) expenditure. This process is difficult without a standardized way of recording data, so Jisc Collections has developed a standard data collection template and is helping institutions to release data openly. If available data become more comprehensive and transparent, then all parties (libraries, publishers, research funders, and intermediaries) will have better knowledge of the APC market and can more accurately predict the effects of offsetting.
Otolith-derived estimates of marine temperature use by West Greenland Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Minke-Martin Vanessa , Brian Dempson J. , Sheehan Timothy F. , Power Michael
Published: March 2015

Otolith-derived estimates of mean marine temperatures used by West Greenland 1SW Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of North American origin were determined for fish collected in 2009 and 2010. Otolith material corresponding to the second summer at sea was subsampled, via micro-milling, and analysed by mass spectrometry to produce stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) values from which temperature use estimates were obtained from a salmonid-based fractionation equation. Mean temperature estimates did not differ significantly by period (early vs. late summer), or capture year. The mean and variation estimates were also consistent with temperature use values previously published in the literature or derived from the limited number of data storage tags that have been retrieved for Atlantic salmon, with 80% of all individuals occupying temperatures in the 3.9–9.7°C range. Among-individual differences in temperature use did not correlate with measured otolith growth zone widths. Given the temporal, spatial and methodological variation associated with the derivation of marine temperature use estimates for Atlantic salmon, the data were interpreted to define a range of preferred temperatures within which among-individual differences in growth were driven by the interaction of feeding and temperature use, possibly as a result of the opportunistic feeding behaviour known to predominate among Atlantic salmon.
A novel tetravalent formulation combining the four aggregated domain III-capsid proteins from dengue viruses induces a functional immune response in mice and monkeys
Authors: Suzarte Edith , Gil Lázaro , Valdés Iris , Marcos Ernesto , Lazo Laura , Izquierdo Alienys , García Angélica , López Lázaro , Álvarez Maylin , Pérez Yusleydis , Castro Jorge , Romero Yaremis , Guzmán María G. , Guillén Gerardo , Hermida Lisset
Published: March 2015

Our group developed a subunit vaccine candidate against dengue virus based on two different viral regions: the domain III of the envelope protein and the capsid protein. The novel chimeric protein from dengue-2 virus [domain III-capsid (DIIIC-2)], when presented as aggregated incorporating oligodeoxynucleotides, induced anti-viral and neutralizing antibodies, a cellular immune response and conferred significant protection to mice and monkeys. The remaining constructs were already obtained and properly characterized. Based on this evidence, this work was aimed at assessing the immune response in mice of the chimeric proteins DIIIC of each serotype, as monovalent and tetravalent formulations. Here, we demonstrated the immunogenicity of each protein in terms of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, without antigen competition on the mixture forming the formulation tetra DIIIC. Accordingly, significant protection was afforded as measured by the limited viral load in the mouse encephalitis model. The assessment of the tetravalent formulation in non-human primates was also conducted. In this animal model, it was demonstrated that the formulation induced neutralizing antibodies and memory cell-mediated immune response with IFN-γ-secreting and cytotoxic capacity, regardless the route of immunization used. Taken together, we can assert that the tetravalent formulation of DIIIC proteins constitutes a promising vaccine candidate against dengue virus, and propose it for further efficacy experiments in monkeys or in the dengue human infection model, as it has been recently proposed.
Investigation of a possible outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Odense, Denmark using PFGE, MLST and whole-genome-based SNPs
Authors: Hammerum Anette M. , Hansen Frank , Skov Marianne N. , Stegger Marc , Andersen Paal S. , Holm Anette , Jakobsen Lotte , Justesen Ulrik S.
Published: March 2015

Objectives

The objectives were to study a possible outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by comparing three different typing methods (PFGE, MLST and whole-genome SNPs) and to compare the resistance gene profiles of the isolates.

Methods

From December 2012 to October 2013, eight carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii were detected at Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. These isolates were typed by PFGE, with ApaI and SmaI, respectively, and subjected to WGS. The WGS data were used for in silico extraction of MLST types using two different schemes, resistance genes and SNPs, to which 31 publicly available A. baumannii genomes were added.

Results

Using ApaI, the eight isolates had four different PFGE profiles, which were further differentiated using SmaI, separating one of the profiles into two distinct PFGE types. Five ST2 (Pasteur MLST) OXA-23-producing isolates, two ST1 OXA-72-producing isolates and one ST158 OXA-23-producing isolate were detected. The five ST2 isolates were subdivided into ST195, ST208 and ST218 using the Oxford MLST scheme. The phylogenetic analysis based on the core genome showed that six of the eight Danish A. baumannii isolates were located in three distinct clusters. The two remaining isolates did not cluster with other Danish or international isolates included in the study. Isolates that clustered using PFGE, Oxford MLST and phylogenetic analysis also shared similar resistance gene profiles.

Conclusions

The SNP profile, Oxford MLST, PFGE and resistance gene profiles clearly indicated spread of three different A. baumannii strains.
Does Iron Increase the Risk of Malaria in Pregnancy?
Authors: Moya-Alvarez Violeta , Cottrell Gilles , Ouédraogo Smaila , Accrombessi Manfred , Massougbodgi Achille , Cot Michel
Published: March 2015

Background.  Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) remains a significant health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Cross-sectional studies report that iron might be associated with increased malaria morbidity, raising fears that current iron supplementation policies will cause harm in the present context of increasing resistance against intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the relation of iron levels with malaria risk during the entire pregnancy.

Methods.  To investigate the association of maternal iron levels on malaria risk in the context of an IPTp clinical trial, 1005 human immunodeficiency virus-negative, pregnant Beninese women were monitored throughout their pregnancy between January 2010 and May 2011. Multilevel models with random intercept at the individual levels and random slope for gestational age were used to analyze the factors associated with increased risk of a positive blood smear and increased Plasmodium falciparum density.

Results.  During the follow-up, 29% of the women had at least 1 episode of malaria. On average, women had 0.52 positive smears (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–0.60). High iron levels (measured by the log10 of ferritin corrected on inflammation) were significantly associated with increased risk of a positive blood smear (adjusted odds ratio = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.46–2.11; P < .001) and high P falciparum density (beta estimate = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.18–0.27; P < .001) during the follow-up period adjusted on pregnancy parameters, comorbidities, environmental and socioeconomic indicators, and IPTp regime. Furthermore, iron-deficient women were significantly less likely to have a positive blood smear and high P falciparum density (P < .001 in both cases).

Conclusions.  Iron levels were positively associated with increased PAM during pregnancy in the context of IPTp. Supplementary interventional studies are needed to determine the benefits and risks of differently dosed iron and folate supplements in malaria-endemic regions.
A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controller With a Large Population of CD4+CD8+ Double-Positive T Cells
Authors: Durand Christine M. , Buckheit Robert W. , Salgado Maria , Pohlmeyer Christopher W. , Walker-Sperling Victoria E. , Hegarty Robert W. , Ambinder Richard F. , Blankson Joel N.
Published: March 2015

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) controllers are patients who control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy. We present the case of an HIV controller who had CD4 and CD8 coexpressed on 40% of his T cells. Although a recent study found that double-positive T cells had superior antiviral capacity in HIV-1 controllers, in this case, the CD4+CD8+ T cells did not have strong antiviral activity.
Robotic Resection of a Superior Sulcus Neurogenic Tumor
Authors: Nguyen Duy C. , Garagozlo Cameron , Moslemi Mohammad , Rawashdeh Badi , Meyer Mark , Tempesta Barbara J. , Poston Robert , Gharagozloo Farid
Published: March 2015

Neurogenic tumors do not often occur in the superior sulcus or apex of the chest cavity. Historically, surgical approaches have been dictated by the location of the tumor and its relation to the contiguous structures such as the vertebral bodies, subclavian vessels, and chest wall. Resection is hampered by difficulties with visualization and access within a narrow working space. The shortcomings associated with the traditional surgical approaches create a potential of injury to nearby structures. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a superior sulcus neurogenic tumor impinging on the left subclavian vein, who underwent a successful resection without injury to nearby structures. We found that a robotic approach improved visualization of the tumor and nearby structures and increased instrument maneuverability relative to a thoracoscopic approach, along with less pain and recovery time compared with a thoracotomy. This experience suggests that robotics provides a promising alternative for excision of superior sulcus neurogenic tumors, which may reduce associated morbidity.
Vibrio renipiscarius sp. nov., isolated from cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Tarazona Eva , Ruvira María A. , Lucena Teresa , Macián M. Carmen , Arahal David R. , Pujalte María J.
Published: March 2015

Two strains of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacteria, isolated from healthy gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) cultured in Spanish Mediterranean fish farms, were different from their closest relatives,Vibrio scophthalmiandV. ichthyoenteri, by phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic standards. The strains were negative for decarboxylase tests and lacked extracellular hydrolytic activities, but were able to fermentd-mannitol, sucrose, cellobiose andd-gluconate, among other carbohydrates. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1and C16:0, in agreement with other species of the genusVibrio. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences were 98.4 and 97.2 % similar to those of the type strains ofV. scophthalmiandV. ichthyoenteri, and the similarities using other housekeeping genes (ftsZ,rpoD,recA,mreBandgyrB) and indices of genomic resemblance (average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization) between the isolates and those type strains were clearly below intraspecific levels, supporting the recognition of the strains as members of a separate novel species. Thus, we propose the nameVibrio renipiscariussp. nov., with DCR 1-4-2T( = CECT 8603T = KCTC 42287T) as the type strain.
Arenimonas subflava sp. nov., isolated from a drinking water network, and emended description of the genus Arenimonas
Authors: Makk Judit , Homonnay Zalán G. , Kéki Zsuzsa , Nemes-Barnás Katalin , Márialigeti Károly , Schumann Peter , Tóth Erika M.
Published: March 2015

A strain designated PYM3-14Twas isolated from the drinking water network of Budapest (Hungary) and was studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. The straight-rod-shaped cells stained Gram-negative, were aerobic and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PYM3-14Trevealed a clear affiliation with members of the familyXanthomonadaceaewithin the classGammaproteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PYM3-14Tshowed the closest sequence similarities toArenimonas daechungensisCH15-1T(96.2 %),Arenimonas oryziterraeYC6267T(95.2 %) andLysobacter brunescensUASM DT(94.4 %). The DNA G+C content of strain PYM3-14T, measured by two different methods (52.0 mol% and 55.9 mol%, respectively), was much lower than that of any member of the genusArenimonas. The predominant fatty acids (>8 %) were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C14:0, iso-C17:1ω9cand C16:1ω7calcohol. Strain PYM3-14Tcontained Q-8 as the major ubiquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. According to phenotypic and genotypic data strain PYM3-14Trepresents a novel species of the genusArenimonas, for which the nameArenimonas subflavasp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PYM3-14T( = NCAIM B 02508T = DSM 25526T). On the basis of new data obtained in this study, an emended description of the genusArenimonasis also proposed.
Bio4j: a high-performance cloud-enabled graph-based data platform
Authors: Pareja-Tobes Pablo , Tobes Raquel , Manrique Marina , Pareja Eduardo , Pareja-Tobes Eduardo
Published: March 2015

Background

Next Generation Sequencing and other high-throughput technologies have brought a revolution to the bioinformatics landscape, by offering sheer amounts of data about previously unaccessible domains in a cheap and scalable way. However, fast, reproducible, and cost-effective data analysis at such scale remains elusive. A key need for achieving it is being able to access and query the vast amount of publicly available data, specially so in the case of knowledge-intensive, semantically rich data: incredibly valuable information about proteins and their functions, genes, pathways, or all sort of biological knowledge encoded in ontologies remains scattered, semantically and physically fragmented.

Methods and Results

Guided by this, we have designed and developed Bio4j. It aims to offer a platform for the integration of semantically rich biological data using typed graph models. We have modeled and integrated most publicly available data linked with proteins into a set of interdependent graphs. Data querying is possible through a data model aware Domain Specific Language implemented in Java, letting the user write typed graph traversals over the integrated data. A ready to use cloud-based data distribution, based on the Titan graph database engine is provided; generic data import code can also be used for in-house deployment.

Conclusion

Bio4j represents a unique resource for the current Bioinformatician, providing at once a solution for several key problems: data integration; expressive, high performance data access; and a cost-effective scalable cloud deployment model.