bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os desafios da educação superior na Ibero-América: inovação, inclusão e qualidade
Authors: Ristoff Dilvo
Published: November 2013

À luz de ações postas em prática no Brasil e em outros países da Ibero-América, nos últimos anos, o texto discute o chamamento à ação feito pela Conferência Mundial da Educação Superior de 2009, organizadas pela UNESCO e aponta para avanços e entraves (1) nas políticas públicas de garantia de qualidade e seus respectivos processos de desenvolvimento de sistemas nacionais de avaliação e regulação da educação superior; (2) nas políticas de inclusão, pertinência social e pleno aproveitamento das potencialidades humanas das comunidades; e (3) nas políticas de inovação e uso intensivo de novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. O texto argumenta que temas historicamente considerados tabu começam a se tornar sustentáculos importantes das políticas públicas da região.
Momentos de avaliação e movimentos de mudança em um curso de Farmácia
Authors: Costa Eula Maria de Melo Barcelos , Bara Maria Teresa Freitas , Garcia Telma Alves
Published: November 2013

Os processos avaliativos do curso de graduação em farmácia da Universidade Federal de Goiás se iniciaram a partir do Programa de Avaliação Institucional das Universidades Brasileiras (PAIUB). Em seu percurso, têm sido empregadas diferentes metodologias visando a evolução do processo e a agregação de diferentes olhares que, ao longo do tempo, vêm contribuindo para a busca da excelência do curso. Considerando concepções e enfoques de estudantes, professores, servidores técnico-administrativos e especialistas em avaliação, foi possível vislumbrar mudanças que progressivamente vêm permeando o curso. As possibilidades e expectativas apontam para a incorporação de novas vivências por parte dos docentes, com práticas pedagógicas diversificadas, bem como dos estudantes, com novas relações sociais.
Low-frequency physical variations in the coastal zone of Ubatuba, northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Valentim Samuel Soares , Bernardes Marcos Eduardo Cordeiro , Dottori Marcelo , Cortezi Matheus
Published: November 2013

Sea level (SL), wind, air temperature (AT) and sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the coastal region of Ubatuba, northern coast of São Paulo, are assessed. A Lanczos-square cosine filter, with a 40-hour window, was applied over the SL time series between 1978 and 2000, except for the period comprising 1984 to 1986. In order to study subtidal effects on mean sea level (MSL), SL numerical filtering indicated that there was a virtually complete removal of semidiurnal and diurnal astronomical tidal components over the period of study. Results indicated an average raw SL rise of 2.3 mm/year, whereas average filtered MSL was of the order of 0.7 mm/year. Despite the overall positive MSL trend, the lunar nodal cycle of 18.6 years seemed to be the explanation for the SL series pattern. Correlations between MSL and parallel wind had a maximum correlation coefficient around 0.6, with 99% statistical confidence, while MSL and perpendicular wind correlations were not statistically significant. These results may be explained by Ekman dynamics. Data records of AT and SST between 1990 and 2003 showed positive trends for both variables. During this period, AT rose about 0.087 ºC /year for the raw series and 0.085 ºC /year for the monthly time series, and SST showed a rise of 0.047 ºC /year and 0.046 ºC/year, for the raw and monthly time series, respectively. The monthly climatology for both AT and SST showed higher values in February with 27.79 ºC and 28.59 ºC for AT and SST, respectively, and the lowest in July with 21.12 ºC for AT and 21.91 ºC for SST.
Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by radium isotopes (Ra-223 and Ra-224) near a paleochannel on the Southern Brazilian continental shelf
Authors: Attisano Karina Kammer , Santos Isaac Rodrigues , Andrade Carlos Francisco Ferreira de , Paiva Mariele Lopes de , Milani Idel Cristina Bigliardi , Niencheski Luis Felipe Hax
Published: November 2013

Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) has been recognized as an important component of the ocean-continent interface. The few previous studies in Brazil have focused on nearshore areas. This paper explores SGD on the Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf using multiple lines of evidence that include radium isotopes, dissolved nutrients, and water mass observations. The results indicated that SGD may be occurring on the Continental Shelf in the Albardão region, near a paleochannel located 50 km offshore. This paleochannel may thus be a preferential pathway for the delivery of nutrient- and metal-enriched groundwater and porewater into continental shelf waters.
Sobre a construção de um léxico da afetividade para o processamento computacional do português
Authors: Freitas Cláudia
Published: November 2013

O objetivo principal deste artigo é descrever o processo de elaboração de um léxico de elementos afetivos da língua portuguesa e polaridades associadas, construído principalmente para auxiliar a tarefa de análise de sentimento. Busca-se, além disso, mostrar como a exploração da dimensão afetiva da linguagem encontra espaço na descrição da língua e pode, ainda, contribuir para o ensino de português como segunda língua. Assim, o léxico foi criado com um duplo objetivo: fornecer subsídios linguísticos para uma aplicação do processamento de linguagem natural (PLN) e contribuir com a caracterização do vocabulário afetivo da língua portuguesa, sobretudo em contextos informais.
Studying the effect of thermal and acid exposure on alkali-activated slag geopolymer
Authors: Khater H. M.
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a study on thermal stability as well as acid resistance of geopolymer materials prepared from ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), air-cooled slag (ACS), silica fume (SF) and cement kiln dust (CKD) using 6% of equal mix from alkaline sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate activators. The addition of ACS, SF and CKD as partially replaced GGBFS is investigated so as to improve the mechanical and microstructural properties of the geopolymer mix. Compressive strength tests and scanning electron microscopy were utilised in these studies. Materials were prepared using water/binder of 0·30 at 38°C and 100% relative humidity (RH). Results showed that geopolymer materials prepared using alkali-activated slag exhibit large changes in compressive strength with increasing fired temperature from 300 to 1000°C and possess an enhancement in thermal stability as compared to concrete specimens. Replacement of GGBFS by 15% ACS resists thermal deterioration up to 1000°C. It was suggested to be suitably applied in refractory insulation applications as well as for production of concrete nuclear reactors. On the other hand, geopolymer mixes exhibit low stability when subjected to different concentrations of a mix of nitric and hydrochloric acid in equal parts (1:1). Current studies of geopolymer microstructure are focused on morphology as well as its relationship with compositions and mechanical properties.
Impact of environmental moisture on C3A polymorphs in the absence and presence of CaSO4 · 0·5 H2O
Authors: Dubina Elina , Plank Johann , Black Leon , Wadsö Lars
Published: November 2013

The phenomenon of water vapour sorption by anhydrous C3A polymorphs both in the absence and in the presence of CaSO4·0·5 H2O was studied utilising dynamic and static sorption methods. It was found that orthorhombic C3A starts to sorb water at 55% relative humidity (RH) and cubic C3A at 80% RH. Also, C3Ao sorbs a higher amount of water which is predominantly physically bound, whereas C3Ac preferentially interacts with water by chemical reaction. In the presence of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, ettringite was observed as the predominant pre-hydration product for both C3A modifications: that is, ion transport had occurred between C3A and sulfate. Environmental scanning electron microscopic imaging revealed that in a moist atmosphere, a liquid water film condenses on the surface of the phases as a consequence of capillary condensation between the particles. C3A and sulfate can then dissolve and react with each other. Seemingly, pre-hydration is mainly facilitated through capillary condensation and less through surface interaction with gaseous water molecules.
Effect of gauging solution densities on magnesia cement
Authors: Yadav Rama Nand , Gupta Priyanka
Published: November 2013

A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of gauging solution density on the cementing properties of magnesia cement. It was found that setting time, compressive strength, moisture resisting efficiency, durability and bonding characteristics are improved by increasing the density of gauging solution up to 32°Be (Baumé scale). Scanning electron microscopy analysis of magnesia cement indicated the formation of needle-shaped crystals and a compact cement structure, confirming the experimental results.
Biocement, recent research in construction engineering: status of China against rest of world
Authors: Achal Varenyam , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Qiuzhuo
Published: November 2013

This paper introduces a microbial product, termed ‘biocement', and its role in construction engineering. Biocement, a novel metabolic by-product of microbially induced carbonate precipitation by way of urease (urea hydrolysing enzyme), presents a promising biotechnology for the enhancement of durability of building materials and structures. Urease-producing bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and, when added to cement, help to improve its compressive strength, reduce permeability and reduce the corrosion rate of reinforced structures. Promising results when using this metabolic product have encouraged various research groups worldwide; in-depth studies using these different approaches are discussed in this paper. The status of similar research from China's perspective is also elaborated. The results from different groups suggest that biocement, a product of green technology, can be used as an additional cementitious material to enhance the durability of building materials and structures.
Methods of vacuum consolidation and their deformation analyses
Authors: Chai Jinchun , Carter John P. , Liu Martin D.
Published: November 2013

Two methods, namely the air-tight sheet method and the vacuum-drain method (sheetless), are generally used to conduct vacuum consolidation in the field. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods and the techniques for preventing vacuum leakage through a middle sand layer in a deposit, as well as the method for maintaining vacuum pressure when large settlement occurs, have been described. Vacuum pressure is an isotropic consolidation pressure applied to a soil deposit, and the deformation induced is different from that induced by a surcharge (e.g. the weight of an embankment). Two typical case histories in Japan are presented and deformation analyses were conducted. In one case history the vacuum-drain method was used with vacuum pressure alone, and in the other a combination of embankment loading and vacuum pressure was applied employing the air-tight sheet method. It is shown that under vacuum pressure loading, the ground deformation (settlement and lateral displacement) can be calculated reliably using a method proposed previously. For the case involving a combination of vacuum pressure and embankment load, the settlements under the embankment centreline can be estimated reasonably assuming one-dimensional deformation conditions.
Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass and Jejunectomy Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Goto-Kakizaki Diabetic Rats Without Changes in Incretins or Insulin Secretion
Authors: Salinari Serenella , le Roux Carel W. , Bertuzzi Alessandro , Rubino Francesco , Mingrone Geltrude
Published: November 2013

Gastric bypass surgery can dramatically improve type 2 diabetes. It has been hypothesized that by excluding duodenum and jejunum from nutrient transit, this procedure may reduce putative signals from the proximal intestine that negatively influence insulin sensitivity (SI). To test this hypothesis, resection or bypass of different intestinal segments were performed in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups: duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), jejunal resection (jejunectomy), ileal resection (ileectomy), pair-fed sham-operated, and nonoperated controls. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed within 2 weeks after surgery. Baseline and poststimulation levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were measured. Minimal model analysis was used to assess SI. SI improved after DJB (SI = 1.14 ± 0.32 × 10−4 min−1 ⋅ pM−1) and jejunectomy (SI = 0.80 ± 0.14 × 10−4 min−1 ⋅ pM−1), but not after ileectomy or sham operation/pair feeding in diabetic rats. Both DJB and jejunal resection normalized SI in diabetic rats as shown by SI levels equivalent to those of Wistar rats (SI = 1.01 ± 0.06 × 10−4 min−1 ⋅ pM−1; P = NS). Glucose effectiveness did not change after operations in any group. While ileectomy increased plasma GIP levels, no changes in GIP or GLP-1 were observed after DJB and jejunectomy. These findings support the hypothesis that anatomic alterations of the proximal small bowel may reduce factors associated with negative influence on SI, therefore contributing to the control of diabetes after gastric bypass surgery.
Energy Consumption of Battery-Operated Screwdriver at Assembling Fixed Threaded Joints / Akumulatora Skrūvgrieža Elektroenerģijas Patēriņa Aprēķins, Veicot Nekustīga Vītņu Savienojuma Salikšanu Atkarībā No Operatora Reakcijas Laika
Authors: Grinevich I. , Mozga N. , Rudzitis J.
Published: November 2013

The electrical energy consumption of battery-operated screwdrivers, which are widely used in many industries, e.g. automotive, heavy, chemical, etc., can be considerably reduced. This would allow increasing the service life of a battery and reducing the time of its charging, thus increasing the productivity and decreasing the prime cost of this battery. It is shown that up to 17.9% of electrical energy could be saved at assembling fixed threaded joints by removing power from the screwdriver immediately after reaching the required tightening torque.
The new football stadium roof in Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Koljushev Igor , Guzeev Roman , Maslov Dmitry
Published: November 2013

The analysis of the new football stadium roof raised a bunch of analytical problems mainly connected with the large volume of information to be processed rather than the scale of the structure itself. The paper discusses some of those problems, methods of their solution as well as some tricks aimed at decreasing the amount of data and improving the analytical performance for the structural analysis of large scale structures.
Fifty years of Bridge History
Authors: Combault Jacques
Published: November 2013

Looking at the past, several key innovations in the field of bridge engineering and technology are worth mentioning: the prefabrication of concrete box girders in short sections, match cast and assembled using a well adapted equipment, which has become the best way to build short and medium span bridges; the combination of external prestressing and optimized steel-concrete composite decks made of concrete slabs connected to steel trusses or corrugated webs, a promising technique for spans up to 250 meters; the development of the necessary calculation tools for the design and safe erection of cable-stayed bridges, which offer a large variety of appearances and presently lead to exceptional achievements all over the world. Indeed, bridges to be built in the future will be gigantic, impressive, light and heavy, deep and high, wide and long. They will be challenging major straits, mitigating natural disasters, fighting the power of the wind, of the sea, of the earth, but linking people, countries, continents. They will have to be erected within a short time to improve our daily life as quickly as possible; they will have to be durable and easily maintained. The fantastic boom of the past fifty years in the field of structural engineering will have to be improved in such a way that our infrastructures become definitely sustainable.
Condition of Vidyasagar Setu – Cable-Stayed Bridge in Kolkata
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Banerjee Sadhan , Sen Subhasis
Published: November 2013

Long span bridges such as the landmark Vidyasagar Setu require regular maintenance during the life of the structure. This requires thorough understanding of the behaviour of cable stayed bridge and periodic detailed investigation by experts in this field. On nearing silver jubilee year of its commissioning, a team of professional experts from the industry, institute and foreign experts were appointed to carry out inspections to the main bridge, approach viaducts and interchanges so as to assess the condition of the bridge and recommend repair and maintenence guideline. The scope of investigation was limited to visual inspections and spot check the structural state of the bridge. This paper presents an overview of the structural components of the main bridge that were inspected and further plan of measure to be instituted for developing a detailed repair and maintenance procedure.
Dynamic Train-Bridge Interaction in Monorail Sao Paulo Metro Line 2
Authors: Janjic Dorian
Published: November 2013

Engineering understanding of interaction between the moving train, track and bridge is necessary to successfully design rail bridges. Besides non-linear static behaviour guided by UIC 774-3 leaflet a complex dynamics vibrations due to the train movement, centrifugal forces and imperfections occurs in the interaction structure which includes bridge, track and train. Checking of the passenger comfort criteria requires sophisticated dynamic numerical analysis including the modelling of train/track/bridge interaction.

In this paper the numerical simulation of dynamic interaction between the moving monorail train and the bridge frame for the new line known as Expresso Tiradentes, which will serve as an extension of the São Paulo Metro Line 2 in Brazil, is presented. Checking of passenger comfort criteria is executed for most critical straight and curved frame bridge on the line. Bombardier Transportation, train manufacture from Canada, is a designer of Monorail 300 system for this line.

As a first step the detailed 3d modelling of the train is done including the car bodies, bogies and guiding tires in typical 7 cars multi-body mechanical system. Damping and spring systems are taken into account in lateral, vertical and longitudinal directions. The passenger masses are taken into account in dynamics analysis. As different variants of the train exist, numerical simulation is repeated for several train configurations

In the second step the calibration of the train mechanical model is done; natural modes and frequencies of the train are compared and validated against references provided by Bombardier Transportation.

The bridge frames are modelled including superstructure and substructure in third step. Special care is given to the realistic modelling of the transverse behaviour as the train path is fully eccentric to the bridge centreline.

Finally, the full interaction between the train and bridge is modelled. The coupling between moving multi-body train and bridge is taken fully into account applying the novel procedure which is presented in this paper. Overview of numerical parameters and calibration procedure of the modelling of interaction are presented together with relevant results.
Kolkata Metro including the East West Metro
Authors: Hemant K Sharma , Bidhan C Roy , Biswanath Dewanjee
Published: November 2013

Kolkata - developed in the North-South direction along Hooghly River - a major metropolis of India and was once made its capital. After Independence the transport facilities did not develop fast enough to meet the rising demands, although two major rail terminals, Howrah on the west of River Hooghly and Sealdah in the east were developed, serving millions of passengers daily.

Dr. B C Roy, the then Chief Minister of the state of West Bengal realized the transport problem as early as 1949 and Metropolitan Transport Project (Railways) (MTP) set up in 1969 started the ball rolling. A Master Plan developed in 1971 proposed a Rapid Transit System with three corridorswith appropriate interchange points to facilitate overall mobility. The East-West line, the second of the three lines that were originally approved for enhanced mobility of the city in the Master Plan started with a detailed project report and the construction work began in 2009.
Engineering solutions for Golden Horn Bay Bridge with V-shaped pylons
Authors: Koljushev Igor , Guzeev Roman , Maslov Dmitry
Published: November 2013

The cable supported Golden Horn Bay Crossing in Vladivostok city has 737 m length main span. The bridge has two V-shaped pylons with only one truss composite cross beam. The bridge is exposed to severe environmental actions such as gust wind with high wind velocities and earthquake hazard. In order to ensure engineering solutions various experimental and analytical investigations were carried out. The bridge is equipped with shock-transmitter devices which allow to improve bridge performance under environmental actions.
Orio Bridge: an innovative hybrid: cable stayed – suspended structure
Authors: Romo José
Published: November 2013

The Orio Bridge is an innovative cable supported bridge of 180 m of main span, with 2 lateral short spans of 65 m each. The cable system is a combination of, a main central suspension cable formed by full locked coil ropes, and a system of stays to support the deck in the area closer to the towers. The cable system is located only in the center axis of the bridge in order to get a more attractive aspect, and is supported by two central masts. The design allows the construction of the main span without temporary supports, even though the cable system is anchored to the deck to avoid the transmission of the horizontal forces of the cables to the ground.
Preliminary Design of Four Optional Long Bridge Solutions for the Western Scheldt Crossing, Netherlands
Authors: Daniel Ryszard A.
Published: November 2013

Two structural systems dominate the choice of a very long span bridge nowadays – the suspension and cable-stayed bridge, both with one or more main spans and in steel or concrete version. Yet, the combination of these possibilities leaves the designer with quite many options. The question which option represents the best choice has been studied in details as part of the Western Scheldt Crossing project in the Netherlands. This paper presents the conclusions of that study and the comparative conceptual designs of four final bridge options. The results can be indicative for prospective studies on long span bridge crossings in other projects.
Design Trend of Tower Shapes toward Long-Span Suspension Bridges
Authors: Hong Namhee Kim , Koh Hyun-Moo , Hong Sung-Gul
Published: November 2013

Towers of long-span bridges play a key role as iconic symbols. The role of tower becomes more significant for longer span bridge structures. As the aesthetics has been appeared as one of dominant in decision process for tender design, innovative and unique tower shapes have been brought to birth in the world. However feasible tower shapes for long-span bridges are somewhat limited to a few specific structural systems. Such limitation might be inevitable when the structural safety at lower cost is imposed as strong constraints. Therefore, the development of a better looking tower shape satisfying the imposed constraints is a key issue to be addressed for super-long span bridge design to create an attractive landscape including the bridge. Considering that understanding design trends is very important step to establish design guide lines for future design, existing tower shapes have been investigated considering structural material, structural system, and architectural styles. This paper will focus mainly on the two issues: (1) the identification of the important factors affecting tower shapes by investigating the tower shapes of existing suspension bridges and (2) the proposal of tower shapes for the prototype suspension bridge whose main span is 2800m.
Design Features of IG Stadium
Authors: Chatterjee S. , Ray Soumya
Published: November 2013

The XIX Commonwealth Games saw the upgradation of existing stadiums as well the construction of several new stadiums with long span steel roof to provide column free spaces. This paper describes the unique aspects of retrofitting a very large and complex steel roof structure of 155 m diameter, including state-of-the-art design and construction, namely, the roof of Indira Gandhi Stadium which was completed in 1982. It also highlights the necessity of considering non-linear analysis, especially considering the construction stages to arrive at reliable and accurate results.
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JNS)
Authors: Göppert Knut , Roy B. C. , Chatterjee Subhasish
Published: November 2013

Cantilevered cable & membrane roof system was used to cover the seating bowl at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.
Distress Prevention during Construction Stages of a Very Sharp Horizontally Curved Bridge
Authors: Imsom-Somboon Sayan , Chanintonleela Monkiat , Yindeesuk Sukit , Vanachayangkul Panit
Published: November 2013

A case study of construction stage analysis using finite element method (FEM) for an overpass bridge crossing Tiwanon Intersection in Thailand is presented. The bridge is a prestressed concrete box girder consisting of 7 continuous spans of 30+2x36+45+2x36+30 meters for a total length of 249 meters. Due to the limited rights of way, the bridge was geometrically designed to form a very sharp horizontal curve. FEM with 3D spline beams and nonlinear construction stage analysis showed that, if a uni-directional construction method along the sharp curve alignment was adopted, the torsional moment transferring from the superstructure would cause overstresses in the single bored piles (1.8 meters in diameter) under each main span pier. In order to prevent overstresses in those bored piles, a bi-directional construction method incorporating both cast-in-place and precast segments was proposed Full details and the achievement of the proposed method in the construction stages of this project are illustrated herein.
The rehabilitation of long span truss bridge
Authors: Siwowski Tomasz W.
Published: November 2013

The rehabilitation works on the five span continuous Warren type steel truss bridge built in 1961 have been presented in the paper. Because of steel structure deterioration and huge live loads growth during recent years, the bridge has been selected for the comprehensive rehabilitation with a main goal to increase its load carrying capacity. Apart from the strengthening of truss girders (f.e. member sections enlargement, external prestressing, rivet replacement, etc.), the rehabilitation also included deck grid extension, redecking of deteriorated concrete slab and upgrading of supports.

The repair program for existing steel structure contained among others the replacement of two diagonals deformed by impact of vehicles. The rehabilitation procedure has been presented in the paper as well as the proof load test results, which proved rehabilitation efficiency.
Towards a new agenda for Integrated Design
Authors: Ernst Christian
Published: November 2013

Large Span Bridges are the pinnacle of infrastructure. Designing them requires concerted effort between several specialized disciplines. The working method of Integrated Design has proven to be a successful model for producing signature designs: it leads to the realization of not merely a structure, but to the creation of a landmark, which is source to inspiration to everyone experiencing it. With the focus on infrastructure moving towards the great urban conglomerates like Delhi, Mumbay and Kolkutta, designers will have to come to terms with the fact that large scale landmark bridges will be set in densely populated areas. Boldly, the driver’s view will be experienced as often on a daily basis or even exceeded by the experience of the soffit view by those living and working in utmost proximity to the structure. Does this call for a new chapter in Integrated Design?
Second Vivekananda Bridge, Kolkata, India
Authors: Roy B. C. , Tassin Daniel M.
Published: November 2013

A need for capacity augmentation for the Vivekananda Bridge across River Hooghly connecting the twin city of Kolkata and Howrah, in the vicinity of Dakshineshwar, near Kolkata, was felt and the initiative started with a techno-economic feasibility study. The initiative further developed into the largest BOT project in the bridge sector in India which promoted by an international consortium. In this process, the designs were carried out accommodating various concerns, both technical, like river regime and constructability and non-technical, like environmental issues, land acquisition and resource mobilization. It was taken on concession for a period of thirty years, including three years for construction. The facility was thrown open to public on July 4th 2007, within the time frame and cost.. The paper describes the process of conceptualization all through to implementation, realization and operation and maintenance.
Third Karnaphuli Bridge in Bangladesh – Design & Construction
Authors: Bandyopadhyay N. , Mitra sanjib
Published: November 2013

The third Karnaphuli Bridge is the first major cable supported bridge constructed in Bangladesh. The 950m long bridge has three main spans of 200m. The 830m long main bridge is a single plane extradosed pre-stressed concrete box girder bridge. The bridge is located on soft alluvial soil. 3m diameter bored cast-in-situ piles were adopted for foundation. The bridge was opened to traffic in July 2010.
Suspension Roof Systems in the Age of Building Information Modelling
Authors: Correa Cristobal
Published: November 2013

This paper will examine the importance of Building Information Modelling tools in the design, analysis and fabrication of the hanging roof system at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas USA. These roof systems – character-defining elements of the project – were also one of the most challenging features to execute.
Design of a Folded Roof for the V&A Museum in London
Authors: Franck Lee
Published: November 2013

This paper describes the design of a folded roof for a new 1500m2 gallery for the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London. It includes the description and development throughout the design stages of a unique roof system. It focuses on the optimisation of the geometrical shape of the roof both for structural efficiency and architectural quality. Parametrical modelling has been used both by the architects and engineers as a tool for option exploration and effective communication and collaboration. Automated design software was used to investigate a large number of structural configurations which have also benefited from early Contractor advice to evaluate their fabrication and construction implications.
Partial Prestressing of Long Span Steel Truss Girder
Authors: Limsuwan Ekasit , Chayochaichana Suchart , Lerksirirat Uthai
Published: November 2013

The large roof steel structural system with area of 99.00 x 84.30 metre composed mainly of two long span steel space trusses and twelve arched roof steel trusses have been previously analysed and designed accompany with partial pre-stressing system. Span arrangement has been prior introduced to architect with span to depth ratio and appropriate sections of reversed triangular. The final design have found that partial pre-stressing system could not effective and appropriate for steel trusses especially with overhang part because of less eccentric of pre-stressing tendon profiles than its kerning points.
Achieving constructability in structural design for building structures
Authors: Wium Jan A.
Published: November 2013

Constructability in structural design is investigated by using a case study of a 21m concrete roof structure as basis for the evaluation. The case study shows that even in a case where the designer paid special attention to constructability during the conceptual phase, the contractor may still have special preferences which differ from the concept design. Therefore, by just relying on lessons learned programmes and previous knowledge, a design may not be suitably constructible for a given contractor. It demonstrates that the conceptual design is a function of a number of factors which need to be considered in conjunction with each other, rather than a merely counting on previous experience and knowledge. In addition, it is shown how the designer should consider all possibilities, even beyond the direct environment of the specific structural context.
How the Quality of Cable to be Secured on Cable-Supported Bridge
Authors: Hosokawa Hajime
Published: November 2013

Recently many new cable-supported bridges have been built especially in Asian countries. Some of them have the potential issues concerned especially on cables. From experiences on the recent projects which author has been involved in, the followings should be taken into account from the viewpoint to develop the better quality of cables for the further projects.

Deeper examination process on the production of high strength wire for bridge cable should be necessary in order to get rid of insecure elements.

More actual experiences on the existing bridges should be reflected in detail design and production for cable anchor.

With regards to installation on suspension bridge cable, more careful planning and execution on cable compaction should be necessary to avoid less quality of cable or damage of wires as much as possible.

These particular issues would sometimes become vital problems in the future of bridge but be sometimes unnoticed at the construction stage.
Cost-effectiveness of balanced cantilever girder bridges versus cable supported bridges
Authors: Sobrino Juan
Published: November 2013

The paper presents a technical comparison of two different bridge types that can be competitive for spans ranging from 100 m to 250 m. Through different case studies in which the author has been involved, the paper illustrates the different approaches on the design of both bridge types.
Ultimate Strength Evaluation for Wide-Type Box Girders in Cable-Supported Bridges
Authors: Kim Jong Seo , Lee Hae Sung , Kim Kyungsik
Published: November 2013

Wide-type steel box girders that have much larger size of width than depth are widely adopted in cable-supported bridges due to their superb rigidity and advantages in aerodynamics. In design such primary members it is inevitable to evaluate nominal strengths before applying various design parameters. As ultimate strength of wide-type steel box girders subjected to concurrent bending moment and axial force is governed by flanges in compression rather than in tension, separated deck panel system in compression was modeled and analyzed. General-purpose nonlinear finite element analysis program was used to perform evaluation of ultimate strengths of various hypothetical stiffened plate systems with U-ribs. The analyses results have been compared to expected strengths from available design specifications such as Eurocode 3, FHWA (Federal Highway Association), and JRA (Japanese Road Association). New design equations have been developed for ultimate strength as a function of plate and column slenderness parameters of the stiffened deck panel. It has been found that the proposed equations expect ultimate strengths reasonably permitting a way to more economic design than other design guides.
Three Generations of Bridging Over the Cooper River
Authors: Basu Tuhin K.
Published: November 2013

This paper tells a story of two parallel landmark bridges carrying US 17 over the Cooper River and Town Creek in Charleston, South Carolina. The paper discusses how the bridges underwent stringent condition/maintenance inspection, followed by a major rehabilitation, and eventually replacement with a single wider next generation signature bridge. This paper features the aspects of inspection, maintenance, and design of high-level, long-span bridges. Both the John P. Grace Memorial Bridge, built in 1929, and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge, built in 1965, were about 2.7 miles long, and provided 155 ft vertical clearance for shipping vessels. Each bridge had two steel cantilever trusses with suspended center spans, one over the Cooper River and the other over Town Creek. The Grace Bridge had a width of 20 ft (two 10 ft lanes). In 1966, the parallel Pearman Bridge was opened to traffic. The Pearman Bridge had a width of 40 ft. At the time this bridge was opened, it consisted of two lanes carrying US 17 northbound traffic, and one reversible lane. By 1979, the Grace Bridge became functionally obsolete and the South Carolina Department of Transportation started planning its replacement. In 1987, the Department awarded a consultant contract for in-depth inspection and evaluation of these two bridges.
New Approach on the Safety Factor of Cable in Long-span Bridges
Authors: Park Chan Min , Gyun Paik Jong , Shin Sang Hoon , Kim Ho Kyung
Published: November 2013

Super long-span bridge R&D centre in Korea has investigated and developed the design guideline for cable supported bridges in accordance with Limit State Design concepts. Recently suspension and cable stayed bridges have become longer in span and huge tonnages of steel are required for cables. A significant part of the force in the cables of long span cable supported bridges arises from dead load. It is therefore obvious that significant cost savings can be obtained in cables and cable anchorages together with related savings in pylons and construction time by adopting the reasonable safety of cables.
Design live load model for long span bridges
Authors: Hwang Eui-seung , Kim Do-Young , Mok Jin-Yong
Published: November 2013

This paper deals with the development of live load model for long span bridges. New live load model reflects real truck traffic data in Korea using Weigh-In-Motion system that was installed on the road with the heaviest truck traffic volume. By using collected WIM data, various truck traffic scenarios are considered assuming traffic jam condition. To analyze the load effect, typical long span bridge such as a suspension bridge and a cable stayed bridge are modeled by the structural analysis program. Based on the traffic scenarios, equivalent uniformly distributed load (EUDL) are calculated and loaded to the selected bridge. Based on the results of analyses, new live load model for long span bridges for Korea Bridge Design Code (LSD) is proposed as a combination of design truck and design lane load which the magnitude is decreased as influence line length become longer. Effects of effective influence line length are also analysed to specify the guideline for loading method of design lane load model.
The exceptional bearings of the Tran Thi Ly Bridge, Da Nang, Vietnam
Authors: Spuler Thomas , Moor Gianni , Savioz Pascal
Published: November 2013

The design of the recently constructed Tran Thi Ly Bridge in Da Nang city, Vietnam called for extraordinarily large bearings to support the bridge’s pylon. Of the four bearings which fulfil this role, two must each resist a vertical force of 250,000 kN, or 3.5 times the weight of the Eiffel Tower’s metal structure, while allowing longitudinal sliding movements and resisting transverse forces. In order to address this great challenge, spherical bearings featuring a special high-grade

sliding material (as an alternative to the typically used PTFE) were proposed. This solution enabled the size of the bearings to be minimised; although they still have a diameter of almost 3 metres, they are considerably smaller than they would have been had another type of bearing, or PTFE sliding material, been used. This paper describes the challenge, the features and advantages of the selected solution, and the bridge construction benefits offered by these truly exceptional bearings.
Model experimental research for super-span self-anchored suspension bridge
Authors: Wang Shaorui , Zhou Zhixiang
Published: November 2013

As a part of Wuxi highway, TaoHuaYu yellow river bridge is a super large-span self-anchored suspension bridge with double towers and double cable planes whose span is 160+406+160 m. Experimental model of the whole bridge is designed with a geometric scale ratio of 1/30 and a mechanical scale ratio of 1/1 to analyze the stress states in construction stage and the mechanical properties in serve stage. The researches on the mechanical properties of the bridge have proved the feasibility of the super large-span self-anchored suspension bridge and revealed the variation rules of deformation and stress of the main beams and main cables in whole construction.
Izmit Bay Suspension Bridge – Substructure Design
Authors: Din Jamal Assad , Löhning Thomas , Ullner Robert
Published: November 2013

The future fourth longest suspension bridge in the world with a main span of 1550 m – the Izmit Bay Bridge – will carry the new Gebze-Orhangazi-Bursa-İzmir motorway across the Sea of Marmara at the Bay of Izmit in Turkey. The striking distance to the North Anatolian Fault which forms the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian block of the African Plate determines the design concept of the substructures. Besides the high seismic loads, global and local ship impacts are governing.

This paper deals with the detailed design of the tower foundations and anchorages for the large suspension cables. The substructure design of the Izmit Bay Bridge comprises a complex analysis of the soil-structure interaction, structural verification for important construction stages and for final stages in service, ultimate and accidental limit states. The paper describes special design issues and focuses on innovative concepts in regard to analysis, robust design, construction time and constructability as well as efficient use of construction materials.
The Past and Likely Future of an Educational Form
Authors: Friesen Norm
Published: November 2013

At a time when it is seen as increasingly “obsolete,” this article analyzes the textbook as an evolving pedagogical form, as a changing medium comprised of smaller media components. These components include images, diagrams and also oral prompts, which have changed not so much through technical innovation as in synchrony with larger cultural and epistemological developments. This article investigates the increasingly sophisticated structuring of this textual and visual content, and the gradually sublimated “oral” interaction simulated through cues and interrogatives. These components have become highly conventionalized and elaborate, characteristics generally ignored to the detriment of publically-funded “open” e-textbook projects. Following Thomas Kuhn’s famous analyses of knowledge “paradigms,” this article concludes that the textbook’s features provide an indispensable animating didactic function.
Evaluation of Properties of Constructed Tubular-Steel Cast-in-Place Pilings
Authors: Harris Devin K. , Gheitasi Amir , Ahlborn Theresa M. , Mears Kevin A.
Published: November 2013

Bridge foundations contribute significantly to the serviceability and efficiency of in-service transportation networks. Foundation failure may lead to catastrophic failure of the entire structure, which in turn results in system failure, loss of life, and detours. When the soil within ground surface layers fails to satisfy the bearing capacity requirements, deep foundations such as tubular-steel concrete-filled piles are commonly used in practice. A challenge that often exists with these systems is the uncertainty surrounding in-service capacity as well as condition, which is difficult to determine from the surface. As a consequence, transportation agencies such as the Wisconsin Department of Transportation use conservative approaches, such as neglecting the tubular-steel contribution or bounding the compressive strength of the core concrete, to design these systems. This approach, while effective for safety, can yield overly conservative and costly designs. The main purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the behavior of tubular-steel, concrete-filled, cast-in-place pilings, with a concentration on the compressive strength and composite behavior between concrete core and steel shell. In this regard, a series of experimental studies, including composite and noncomposite compression loading, core samples, push-through, and flexural testing together with a compatible finite element analysis, were conducted on a series of field-cast piles with different geometrical properties. The results indicated that the steel shell made a significant contribution to the axial loading capacity of the cast-in-place piles. Moreover, no evidence of bond loss was observed during the corresponding experimental studies.
Prediction of High Pile Rebound with Fines Content and Uncorrected Blow Counts from Standard Penetration Test
Authors: Jarushi Fauzi , Cosentino Paul J. , Kalajian Edward H.
Published: November 2013

High-displacement piles have rebounded significantly while undergoing an extremely small permanent set per hammer blow in certain soils. This phenomenon, called high pile rebound (HPR), has occurred in many areas of North America. The Florida Department of Transportation identified HPR at six sites in Florida during the process of driving square, precast, prestressed concrete piles into saturated, fine silty-to-clayey sand and sandy-clay soils. Data on pile driving analyzer deflection versus time were used to develop strong correlations between fines content, uncorrected standard penetration test blow counts (NSPT), pile displacements, and rebound. The correlations developed in this study allow the geotechnical engineer to predict whether HPR will occur at a proposed site at which high-displacement piles are planned for driving by a single-acting diesel hammer. A design equation relating pile rebound to NSPT and fines content was developed. The correlations showed that permanent set and rebound were a direct function of NSPT and fines content of the soil at the pile tip. The design equation provides a methodology that allows prediction of HPR during the design phase.
Use of Rapid-Hardening Cement for Controlled Low-Strength Materials for Pavement Applications
Authors: Bertola Federica , Bassani Marco , Canonico Fulvio , Bianchi Manuela
Published: November 2013

Controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs) are engineered, cement-based mixes that are of growing interest in all trench backfilling and bedding applications in which low stiffness, strength, and density are required. Although 50 years have passed since its first application, CLSM technology has been the focus of continuous innovation. The challenge today concerns the excessive long-term gain in strength of current CLSMs that leads both to difficulties in the event of future removals and to unbalanced stress–strain behavior with surrounding soils. In this investigation, the authors present a long-term laboratory study aimed at the creation of new CLSM formulations for pavement applications with the objective of avoiding or limiting any gain in stiffness and resistance over time. For this purpose, a rapid-hardening cement that presented distinct advantages in rapid-set, high early-strength development, and insignificant long-term gain in strength was used as a substitute for portland cement. All the mixtures studied were subjected to static and dynamic triaxial tests for which the mechanical characteristics of a reference granular soil were taken as the mix design target for new CLSM formulations. The results derived from the use of different admixtures and mixing procedures in mixing time, batching sequence, and mixer type were also investigated.