bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of readiness assurance process and faculty feedback on individual application exercises: a model for continuous assessment in physiology
Authors: Nayak Kirtana Raghurama , Punja Dhiren , Suryavanshi Chinmay
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed at the implementation of a continuous assessment model in physiology for a large-enrollment classroom with 250 students. The readiness assurance process (RAP) and immediate feedback elements from team-based learning (TBL) methodology were adopted to test their ability to guide students to solve applications exercises individually. Three continuous assessments in physiology (CAPs) were conducted with the RAP to include individual (iRAT) and group readiness assurance tests (gRAT). Immediate feedback was provided with faculty-student discussion (FSD), and the individual application exercises (iAE) were designed to be answered individually. Each CAP was subjected to three types of experimental manipulation in subgroups created out of 250 students. The intervention began with iRAT for all three subgroups. The sequence of iRAT, gRAT, FSD, and iAE varied between subgroups within a CAP. In a cross-over study design, each subgroup of students was subjected to all three intervention types over three CAPs. The subgroup completing iAE after RAP and FSD showed higher scores than the subgroup with RAP alone. One hundred eight-two students (82.35% response rate; 101 women and 81 men) responded to the questionnaire. The majority of students (87.4%) felt that doing iRAT and gRAT at the beginning helped them to solve iAE better. Most of the students (86.8%) responded that they received useful feedback and clarification during the discussion with the teacher after the gRAT. In conclusion, the administration of iRAT first followed by gRAT and immediate feedback from faculty seem to be beneficial to prepare students to tackle application-based exercises.
Essential amino acid supplementation alters the p53 transcriptional response and cytokine gene expression following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Muyskens Jonathan B. , Winbush Ari , Foote Douglas M. , Turnbull Douglas W. , Dreyer Hans C.
Published: September 2020

Total knee arthroplasty is the most frequently performed inpatient surgical procedure for those over 45 yr in the United States. Following surgery, patients lose a large amount of muscle, which impacts functional mobility. Previously, our laboratory found that supplementing patients’ diets with essential amino acids (EAAs) reduces postsurgical muscle loss. Here, our goal was to characterize the transcriptional changes associated with surgery with and without EAA supplementation to uncover the underlying mechanisms by which EAAs attenuate this muscle loss.
History-dependence of muscle slack length in humans: effects of contraction intensity, stretch amplitude, and time
Authors: Héroux Martin Eric , Anderman Ida , Nykvist Vouis Sofia , Diong Joanna , Stubbs Peter William , Herbert Robert D.
Published: September 2020

The slack length of a relaxed human skeletal muscle is not fixed; it can be modified by contraction and stretch. Contraction of the human vastus lateralis muscle at short lengths reduces the muscle’s slack length. Even very weak contractions are sufficient to induce this effect. The effect persists for at least 5 min but can be reduced or abolished with a large-amplitude passive stretch.
Skin tattooing impairs sweating during passive whole body heating
Authors: Luetkemeier Maurie J. , Allen Dustin R. , Huang Mu , Pizzey Faith K. , Parupia Iqra M. , Wilson Thad E. , Davis Scott L.
Published: September 2020

This study is the first to assess the reflex control of sweating in tattooed skin. The novel findings are twofold. First, attenuated increases in sweat rate were observed in tattooed skin compared with adjacent healthy non-tattooed skin in response to a moderate increase (1.0°C) in internal temperature during a passive whole body heat stress. Second, reduced sweating in tattooed skin is likely related to functional damage to the secretory mechanisms of eccrine sweat glands, rendering it less responsive to cholinergic stimulation.
The use of a graded exercise test may be insufficient to quantify true changes in V̇o2max following exercise training in unfit individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Ortega Juan Fernando , Morales-Palomo Felix , Ramirez-Jimenez Miguel , Alvarez-Jimenez Laura , Pallares Jesus G. , Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo
Published: September 2020

It is unclear whether the traditional GXT is suitable to assess V̇o2max changes in unfit individuals with metabolic syndrome. Mean changes in V̇o2max following exercise training were similar using GXT or VerT. However, we showed that the GXT overestimated V̇o2max improvements in 41% and underestimated V̇o2max improvements in 59% of subjects. Our data suggest the need for a verification test to appropriately determine training-induced improvements in V̇o2max in unfit individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Kinematic Calibration of a Parallel 2-UPS/RRR Ankle Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Dong Mingjie , Kong Yuan , Li Jianfeng , Fan Wenpei
Published: September 2020

In order to better perform rehabilitation training on the ankle joint complex in the direction of dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion, especially when performing the isokinetic muscle strength exercise, we need to calibrate the kinematic model to improve its control precision. The ankle rehabilitation robot we develop is a parallel mechanism, with its movements in the two directions driven by two linear motors. Inverse solution of positions is deduced and the output lengths of the two UPS kinematic branches are calibrated in the directions of dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion, respectively. Motion of each branch in different directions is fitted in high-order form according to experimental data. Variances, standard deviation, and goodness of fit are taken into consideration when choosing the best fitting curve, which ensures that each calibration can match the most appropriate fitting curve. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the kinematic calibration after finishing the calibration, and the errors before and after calibration of the two kinematic chains in different directions are compared, respectively, which shows that the accuracy after calibration has been significantly improved.
Opposite Effects of ENSO on the Rainfall over the Northern and Equatorial Great Horn of Africa and Possible Causes
Authors: Kiflie K. Abebe , Tao Li
Published: September 2020

In this study, we explore the possible mechanism of opposite ENSO effects on summer rainfall in the JJAS region (northern GHA) and autumn rainfall in the OND region (equatorial GHA). The two regions are identified based on the spatial distribution of high seasonal fractions of annual rainfall for the period 1979–2016. The summer rainfall over the JJAS region is negatively correlated with ENSO. It is because the warm Niño3.4 SST triggers zonal wave one pattern in tropics and forces upper-level westerly anomaly and the low-level easterly anomaly over tropical Africa. Thus, the weakened upper-level Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and the low-level westerly over the JJAS region result in deficient rainfall during JJAS over the northern GHA. For the autumn rainfall variability over the equatorial GHA, IOD is a pivotal factor. But, autumn rainfall anomalies are far greater in ENSO and IOD coexisting years than those in IOD alone years. In other words, ENSO has a significant impact on the autumn rainfall over the equatorial GHA by means of IOD. It is because the warming SST, which is fully developed over western Indian Ocean (IO) in autumn of ENSO developing year, causes low-level convergence over the equatorial GHA and enhances upper-level easterly over tropical Africa. Those conditions are favorable for abundant rainfall over the equatorial GHA in autumn.
Five‐mRNA Signature for the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Based on the ceRNA Network
Authors: Shi Wenjie , Hu Daojun , Lin Sen , Zhuo Rui
Published: September 2020

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of ceRNAs in breast cancer (BC) and construct a new five‐mRNA prognostic signature. Methods. The ceRNA network was constructed by different RNAs screened by the edgeR package. The BC prognostic signature was built based on the Cox regression analysis. The log‐rank method was used to analyse the survival rate of BC patients with different risk scores. The expression of the 5 genes was verified by the GSE81540 dataset and CPTAC database. Results. A total of 41 BC‐adjacent tissues and 473 BC tissues were included in this study. A total of 2,966 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 5,370 differentially expressed mRNAs, and 359 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened. The ceRNA network was constructed using 13 lncRNAs, 267 mRNAs, and 35 miRNAs. Kaplan‐Meier (K‐M) methods showed that two lncRNAs (AC037487.1 and MIR22HG) are related to prognosis. Five mRNAs (VPS28, COL17A1, HSF1, PUF60, and SMOC1) in the ceRNA network were used to establish a prognostic signature. Survival analysis showed that the prognosis of patients in the low‐risk group was significantly better than that in the high‐risk group (p = 0.0022). ROC analysis showed that this signature has a good diagnostic ability (AUC = 0.77). Compared with clinical features, this signature was also an independent prognostic factor (HR: 1.206, 95% CI 1.108−1.311; p < 0.001). External verification results showed that the expression of the 5 mRNAs differed between the normal and tumour groups at the chip and protein levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions. These ceRNAs may play a key role in the development of BC, and the new 5‐mRNA prognostic signature can improve the prediction of survival for BC patients.
Humoral Response to HPV16 Proteins in Persons with Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion or Anal Cancer
Authors: Stankiewicz Karita Helen C. , Waterboer Tim , Magaret Amalia , Doody David R. , Pawlita Michael , Brenner Nicole , Galloway Denise A. , Wald Anna , Madeleine Margaret M.
Published: September 2020

Background:

This study was launched to evaluate the association of early and late antibodies to human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) detection and risk of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or cancer.

Methods:

We analyzed data from persons with anal HSIL or cancer and controls from a case–control study in Seattle, Washington. Sera were evaluated for HPV16 early (E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7) and late (L1) antibodies by multiplex serology. Logistic regression models were used to assess serologic associations with risk of anal HSIL or cancer.

Results:

The study included 67 participants with anal HSIL, 116 with anal cancer, and 830 population-based controls. HPV16 seropositivity to L1 [adjusted OR (aOR), 13.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4–25.8], E4 (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.5), and E6 (aOR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.1–21.2) was associated with HSIL; and detection of all antibodies to HPV16 late and early proteins was associated with increased risk of anal cancer ranging from aOR 1.7 to 32.5 [L1 aOR, 12.5 (95% CI, 7.3–21.7); E1 aOR, 24.9 (95% CI, 10.3–59.9); E2 aOR, 6.3 (95% CI, 3.4–11.7); E4 aOR, 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6–4.8); E6 aOR, 32.5 (95% CI, 14.2–74.4); and E7 aOR, 1.7 (95% CI, 1.0–3.0)].

Conclusions:

HPV serologic markers proved to be specific for identifying anal cancer. HPV16 E6 seropositivity is relatively uncommon in persons without anal cancer.

Impact:

This large study comprehensively describes the distinct antibody responses to the HPV16 proteins in persons with anal HSIL or anal cancer. Antibodies to HPV16 E6 should be further evaluated as a potential biomarker for anal cancer prevention.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NENs)
Authors: Puccini Alberto , Poorman Kelsey , Salem Mohamed E. , Soldato Davide , Seeber Andreas , Goldberg Richard M. , Shields Anthony F. , Xiu Joanne , Battaglin Francesca , Berger Martin D. , Tokunaga Ryuma , Naseem Madiha , Barzi Afsaneh , Iqbal Syma , Zhang Wu , Soni Shivani , Hwang Jimmy J. , Philip Philip A. , Sciallero Stefania , Korn W. Michael , Marshall John L. , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

GEP-NENs are rare malignancies with increasing incidence. Their molecular characteristics are still undefined. We explored the underlying biology of GEP-NENs and the differences between gastrointestinal (GI) and pancreatic (PNEN), high-grade (HG), and low-grade (LG) tumors.

Experimental Design:

GEP-NENs were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS; MiSeq on 47 genes, NextSeq on 592 genes), IHC, and in situ hybridization. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated on the basis of somatic nonsynonymous missense mutations, and microsatellite instability (MSI) was evaluated by NGS of known MSI loci.

Results:

In total, 724 GEP-NENs were examined: GI (N = 469), PNEN (N = 255), HG (N = 135), and LG (N = 335). Forty-nine percent were female, and median age was 59. Among LG tumors, the most frequently mutated genes were ATRX (13%), ARID1A (10%), and MEN1 (10%). HG tumors showed TP53 (51%), KRAS (30%), APC (27%), and ARID1A (23%). Immune-related biomarkers yielded a lower prevalence in LG tumors compared with HG [MSI-H 0% vs. 4% (P = 0.04), PD-L1 overexpression 1% vs. 6% (P = 0.03), TMB-high 1% vs. 7% (P = 0.05)]. Compared with LG, HG NENs showed a higher mutation rate in BRAF (5.4% vs. 0%, P < 0.0001), KRAS (29.4% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.0001), and PI3KCA (7% vs. 0.3%, P < 0.0001). When compared with GI, PNEN carried higher frequency of MEN1 (25.9% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.0001), FOXO3 (8.6% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.005), ATRX (20.6% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.007), and TSC2 (6.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.007), but lower frequency of mutations in APC (1.0% vs. 13.8%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Significant molecular differences were observed in GEP-NENs by tumor location and grade, indicating differences in carcinogenic pathways and biology.
CYLD Alterations in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Cui Zhibin , Kang Hyunseok , Grandis Jennifer R. , Johnson Daniel E.
Published: September 2020

Genetic alterations of CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD), a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme, are associated with the formation of tumors in CYLD cutaneous syndrome. Genome sequencing efforts have revealed somatic CYLD alterations in multiple human cancers. Moreover, in cancers commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), CYLD alterations are preferentially observed in the HPV-positive versus HPV-negative form of the disease. The CYLD enzyme cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin from substrate proteins, resulting in the disassembly of key protein complexes and the inactivation of growth-promoting signaling pathways, including pathways mediated by NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Loss-of-function CYLD alterations lead to aberrant activation of these signaling pathways, promoting tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. This review summarizes the association and potential role of CYLD somatic mutations in HPV-positive cancers, with particular emphasis on the role of these alterations in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Potential therapeutic strategies for patients whose tumors harbor CYLD alterations are also discussed.

Implications:

Alterations in CYLD gene are associated with HPV-associated cancers, contribute to NF-κB activation, and are implicated in invasion and metastasis.
The Effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercises following Lumbar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bahçeli Aybike , Karabulut Neziha
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive relaxation exercises on anxiety, pain, and sleep quality among patients who underwent surgery for lumbar disc hernia. Materials and Methods: This randomized, non-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted with 97 patients who had a lumbar microdiscectomy. On the first, second, and third day of the postoperative period, routine nursing care was performed on the control group, while additional progressive relation exercises were performed on the experimental group. Results: When the experimental and control groups were compared regarding SAI, VAS-P, and VAS-S scores before the surgery, no differences were found (p > 0.05); however, there were significant differences in the scores obtained on the mornings of the second and third days after the surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Progressive relation exercises used as a supportive nursing intervention were found to reduce pain and anxiety and increase sleep quality.
Comparison of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiofrequency Ablation for Trigeminal Neuralgia in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Lee Anthony T. , Raygor Kunal P. , Elefant Felicia , Ward Mariann M. , Wang Doris D. , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Chang Edward F.
Published: September 2020

Background: The optimal treatment for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis (MS-TN) patients is unknown. Objective: To compare treatment outcomes between stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: We performed a retrospective study of MS-TN patients treated with SRS or RFA between 2002 and 2019. Outcomes included degree of pain relief, pain recurrence, and sensory changes, segregated based on initial treatment, final treatment following retreatment with the same modality, and crossover patients. Results: Sixty surgical cases for 42 MS-TN patients were reviewed. Initial pain freedom outcomes and rates of retreatment were similar (SRS: 30%; RFA: 42%). RFA resulted in faster onset of pain freedom (RFA: <1 week; SRS: 15 weeks; p < 0.001). SRS patients with pain relief had longer intervals to pain recurrence at 2 years (p = 0.044). Final treatment outcomes favored RFA for pain freedom/off-medication outcomes (RFA: 44%; SRS: 11%; p = 0.031), though RFA resulted in more paresthesia (RFA: 81%; SRS: 39%; p = 0.012). Both provided at least 80% of adequate pain relief. Crossover patients did not have improved pain relief. Conclusions: SRS and RFA are both valid surgical options for MS-TN. Discussion with providers will need to balance patient preference with their unique treatment characteristics.
Posttreatment Maturation of Medulloblastoma into Gangliocytoma: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Mullarkey Matthew P. , Nehme Grace , Mohiuddin Sana , Ballester Leomar Y. , Bhattacharjee Meenakshi B. , Trivedi Darshan , Shah Manish N. , Fuller Gregory N. , Zaky Wafik , Sandberg David I.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: We report 2 cases of medulloblastoma maturing into gangliocytoma after receiving multimodal therapy. Here we present 2 cases of diagnosed medulloblastoma which on re-resection were noted to be gangliocytoma without heterogeneity, which is an extremely rare occurrence. Case Presentation: The first patient, an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with high-risk (non-WNT, non-SHH) medulloblastoma, was treated with near-total surgical resection followed by craniospinal radiation therapy with weekly vincristine. He then received maintenance chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin. On surveillance MR imaging studies residual tumor in the lateral aspect of the tumor bed was noted to be slowly growing, eliciting gross-total resection of the residual tumor. Histopathology showed benign gangliocytoma without residual medulloblastoma. The second patient, a 3-year-old girl, was diagnosed with medulloblastoma, desmoplastic nodular variant. She was initially treated with gross total resection and chemotherapy with etoposide, carboplatin, and high-dose methotrexate. At 4 months off therapy, she was noted to have local recurrence along the resection cavity. Second-line therapy was started with irinotecan and temozolomide, but MRI assessment during treatment showed further disease progression. She then received craniospinal radiation. Eleven months off therapy, further radiographic progression was noted, and the patient underwent second-look surgery, with pathology showing gangliocytoma and treatment-related gliosis. Discussion/Conclusion: The maturation of medulloblastoma into a ganglion cell-rich lesion is very rare, with few well-characterized previous reports. Given the rare nature of this entity, it would be of great value to understand the process of posttreatment maturation and the genetic and treatment factors which contribute to this phenomenon.
Iniciação aos esportes coletivos
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Meira Junior Cássio Miranda , De Rose Junior Dante ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Massa Marcelo ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades
Published: September 2020

O livro aborda o tema complexo, intrigante e polêmico - a “iniciação esportiva”, em que os autores trazem à tona alguns dos aspectos mais importantes relacionados ao tema, com a plena consciência que há ainda muito a discutir-se no contexto dos esportes coletivos. Este precioso conteúdo vem compor um conjunto de obras já lançadas por seus autores que evidenciam o propósito elevado de proporcionar conhecimento para que o pedagogo esportivo possa ensinar, sentindo que está trilhando uma jornada em busca de comunicar o melhor sobre ensinar esporte. Os autores destacam a relevância de tornar preciosa a consideração de quem aprende, antes dos conteúdos que estarão a aprender, evidenciando a atenção com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem das modalidades esportivas coletivas, na soberana relação do pedagogo e de quem aprende, como também no primordial respeito às características de crescimento e desenvolvimento dos aprendizes
Lifestyle Moderates Genetic Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Evans Christina R. , Hong Ching-Ping , Folsom Aaron R. , Heckbert Susan R. , Smith Nicholas L. , Wiggins Kerri , Lutsey Pamela L. , Cushman Mary
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease that has a genetic basis. Lifestyle factors contribute to risk, but it is unknown whether healthy lifestyle can mitigate the genetic risk. We studied whether greater adherence to the American Heart Association’s cardiovascular health metric, Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), is associated with lower incidence of VTE in individuals across categories of a genetic risk score (GRS) for VTE.

Approach AND RESULTS:

We followed 9026 White participants from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study, a prospective cohort enrolled in 1987 to 1989 until 2015. We tested the joint associations with VTE of a validated VTE GRS comprising 5 well-known gene variants and baseline LS7 categories. There were 466 incident VTE events over 22.8 years. Participants with an optimal LS7 score had a lower incidence of VTE (3.9%) than those with inadequate LS7 (5.7%). Compared with the high GRS and inadequate LS7 group (hazard ratio=1), those with high GRS and optimal LS7 indeed had a reduced hazard ratio of VTE: 0.65 (95% CI, 0.48–0.89). The group with low GRS and optimal LS7 had the lowest hazard ratio of VTE (0.39 [95% CI, 0.25–0.61]). Of the LS7 components, in all GRS groups, the factor most strongly protective for VTE was normal weight.

Conclusions:

Among people at low or high genetic risk for VTE, healthier lifestyle factors, particularly normal weight, were associated with a lower incidence of VTE. Further studies should determine the impact of lifestyle changes among patients at high genetic risk of VTE, such as in thrombophilic families.
A Neural Generative Model for Joint Learning Topics and Topic-Specific Word Embeddings
Authors: Zhu Lixing , He Yulan , Zhou Deyu
Published: September 2020

We propose a novel generative model to explore both local and global context for joint learning topics and topic-specific word embeddings. In particular, we assume that global latent topics are shared across documents, a word is generated by a hidden semantic vector encoding its contextual semantic meaning, and its context words are generated conditional on both the hidden semantic vector and global latent topics. Topics are trained jointly with the word embeddings. The trained model maps words to topic-dependent embeddings, which naturally addresses the issue of word polysemy. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the word-level embedding methods in both word similarity evaluation and word sense disambiguation. Furthermore, the model also extracts more coherent topics compared with existing neural topic models or other models for joint learning of topics and word embeddings. Finally, the model can be easily integrated with existing deep contextualized word embedding learning methods to further improve the performance of downstream tasks such as sentiment classification.
Do Parents Know Best?
Authors: Eekelaar John
Published: September 2020

While Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to respect parents’ responsibilities to provide ‘appropriate’ direction and guidance to their children, Article 18 also proclaims that ‘the best interests of the child will be [the parents’] basic concern’. But how can this be done if, as is widely accepted, the “best interests” standard is too indeterminate safely to allow courts to substitute their assessment of children’s interests for those of a child’s parents? This reason for privatising such decisions has been reinforced by concerns over the extent of public expenditure on court involvement in and legal aid for such issues, with the possible result of withdrawal of the law from this process. This article argues that there are inherent risks in leaving the arrangements for children of separating parents entirely in the hands of the parents, and considers various ways in which such risks might be reduced.
The Enigma of Article 5 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of The Child
Authors: Sutherland Elaine E.
Published: September 2020

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child sets the gold standard for the rights of children and young people, placing the obligation on States parties to ensure their realisation. Since most children live in families, recognising their rights has implications for other family members, particularly their parents.

Article 5 creates a framework for balancing the rights and obligations of the parties – the child, the parents and the state – in this triangular relationship, requiring States parties to respect the right of parents to direct and guide the child in the exercise of Convention rights. Yet other Convention provisions address the parties’ roles, calling into question the need for Article 5.

This article sets the scene for those that follow in this issue, exploring what the drafters of the Convention were seeking to achieve in Article 5 and highlighting issues that proved controversial, before focussing on the work of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child to drill down into its content and address its place in the Convention.
DNA barcoding and Taxonomic account on some selected species of subfamily Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India
Authors: TWINKLE TWINKLE , SHASHANK P.R. , CHATTOPADHYAY PRATIMA CHAUDHURI
Published: September 2020

This study represents a detailed taxonomic account of 31 species of Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India. The survey and collection of 39 localities from different regions of India between 2015 and 2018. The tribe Argyrogrammatini Eichlin & Cunningham, 1978 with Ctenoplusia Dufey, 1970 was the most species rich genera with seven species, followed by Thysanoplusia Ichinose, 1973 and Chrysodeixis Hubner, 1821 with four and three species respectively. Among 31 species, 15 species are commonly found in Himalayan regions and while other species were distributed from subtropical to tropical region. Five species, T. orichalcea (Fabricius, 1775), Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday, 1843), C. acuta (Walker, 1858), C. chalcites (Esper, 1789), Trichoplusia ni (Hubner, 1803) are widespread throughout India and reported as serious crop pests. Present study also revealed range expansion of four species viz., Dactyloplusia impulsa (Walker, 1865), Ctenoplusia mutans (Walker, 1865), Ctenoplusia tarassota (Hampson, 1913) and Zonoplusia ochreata (Walker, 1865). Systematic accounts of all 31 species are discussed here with adult images, species diagnostic characters, collection localities, detailed distributions and reported larval host plants. In addition to morphological studies, for the first time, a preliminary barcode library for 25 species of Indian Plusiinae with average intra-specific distance (%), maximum intra-specific distance (%) and distance to nearest neighbor (%) for individual species is provided. Among 25 species, four species barcode data (Ctenoplusia mutans, C. kosemponesis, Plusiopalpa adrasta, Sclerogenia jessica) are novel to world and 18 species barcode sequences were novel to India.
Health Education Based on Internet Platform for Improving Cognitive Function of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jia Shuqing , Zhang Linghua
Published: September 2020

Objective : There is cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the cognitive ability is related to self-management behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of individualized health education based on internet platform in the cognitive
function of patients with T2DM. Method : A total of 60 patients with T2DM were divided into control group and intervention group. The control group received regular diabetes knowledge education during hospitalization. The intervention group received further cognitive and behavioral
intervention through internet platform after discharge. After six months of follow-up, the changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cognitive function, self management of patients with T2DM were observed and compared
between two groups. Result : Compared with the data before intervention, FBG, 2hBG and HbAlc of all patients were significantly reduced, and delayed memory score was significantly increased, especially in the intervention group. Compared with that before intervention, the scores of
diet control, exercise compliance, drug compliance, monitoring compliance, foot care and smoking in the intervention group were significantly improved after intervention, and the improvement level was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: Health education
based on internet platform can significantly reduce the blood glucose and HbA1c level of patients with T2DM, improve the level of self-management and cognitive function of T2DM patients, especially in the aspect of delayed memory, which is conducive to disease control and health recovery.
Quantitative Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Image Sagittal T2 Mapping in Lumbar Spine Classification
Authors: Su Lianta , Huang Jianlong
Published: September 2020

Objective: To evaluate the significance of T2 value changes of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to discuss feasibility and effectivity of intervertebral disc classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping (specifically based on sagittal
multi-echo SE sequence T2 mapping). Methods : 35 healthy volunteers (including 20 males and 15 females, aged 20 to 48, average age is 36.8) were randomly selected and their intervertebral discs of L3/L4, L4/L5 and L5/S1, with a sum-up of 90 discs, were scanned by sagittal MRI using
routine FSE sequence as well as multi-echo SE sequence. T2 mapping was handled by image post-processing and each intervertebral disc was classified. T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were measured and statistical analysis were performed to study the relationship between T2
values and ages, disc grades or disc locations. Results: In classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping, the disc grade increased along with the decrease of disc location or the increase of age. T2 value of nucleus pulposus decreased along with the increase of age (P <
0.05). There was a significant difference in T2 mean values of nucleus pulposus of different grades (P < 0.05). Conclusion: MRI sagittal T2 mapping provides us with a classification of intervertebral disc based on T2 values. Through evaluation of T2 mapping and measurement
of T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, early stage degeneration of intervertebral disc can be monitored and the its relationship with relevant factors can be studied.
Discovering the Predictive Value of Clinical Notes: Machine Learning Analysis with Text Representation
Authors: Teo Kareen , Yong Ching Wai , Chuah Joon Huang , Murphy Belinda Pingguan , Lai Khin Wee
Published: September 2020

Hospital readmission shortly after discharge is threatening to plague the quality of inpatient care. Readmission is a severe episode that leads to increased medical care costs. Federal regulations and early readmission penalties have created an incentive for healthcare facilities to
reduce their readmission rates by predicting patients at a high risk of readmission. Scientists have developed prediction models by using rule-based assessment scores and traditional statistical methods, and most have focused on structured patient records. Recently, a few researchers utilized
unstructured clinical notes. However, they achieved moderate prediction accuracy by making predictions of a single diagnosis subpopulation via extensive feature engineering. This study proposes the use of machine learning to learn deep representation of patient notes for the identification
of high-risk readmission in a hospital-wide population. We describe and train several predictive models (standard machine learning and neural network), to which several setups have not been applied. Results show that complex deep learning models significantly outperform (P < 0.001)
conventionally applied simple models in terms of discrimination ability. We also demonstrate a simple feature evaluation using a standard model, which allows the determination of potential clinical conditions/procedures for targeting. Unlike modeling using structured patient information with
considerable variability in structure when different templates or databases are adopted, this study shows that the machine learning approach can be applied to prognosticate readmission with clinical free text in various healthcare settings. Using minimum feature engineering, the trained models
perform comparably well or better than other predictive models established in previous literature.
Locations and Mechanisms of Ocean Ventilation in the High-Latitude North Atlantic in an Eddy-Permitting Ocean Model
Authors: MacGilchrist Graeme A. , Johnson Helen L. , Marshall David P. , Lique Camille , Thomas Matthew , Jackson Laura C. , Wood Richard A.
Published: September 2020

A substantial fraction of the deep ocean is ventilated in the high-latitude North Atlantic. Consequently, the region plays a crucial role in transient climate change through the uptake of carbon dioxide and heat. However, owing to the Lagrangian nature of the process, many aspects of deep Atlantic Ocean ventilation and its representation in climate simulations remain obscure. We investigate the nature of ventilation in the high-latitude North Atlantic in an eddy-permitting numerical ocean circulation model using a comprehensive set of Lagrangian trajectory experiments. Backward-in-time trajectories from a model-defined North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) reveal the locations of subduction from the surface mixed layer at high spatial resolution. The major fraction of NADW ventilation results from subduction in the Labrador Sea, predominantly within the boundary current (~60% of ventilated NADW volume) and a smaller fraction arising from open ocean deep convection (~25%). Subsurface transformations—due in part to the model’s parameterization of bottom-intensified mixing—facilitate NADW ventilation, such that water subducted in the boundary current ventilates all of NADW, not just the lighter density classes. There is a notable absence of ventilation arising from subduction in the Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian Seas, due to the re-entrainment of those waters as they move southward. Taken together, our results emphasize an important distinction between ventilation and dense water formation in terms of the location where each takes place, and their concurrent sensitivities. These features of NADW ventilation are explored to understand how the representation of high-latitude processes impacts properties of the deep ocean in a state-of-the-science numerical simulation.
Anterior wall resection plus radiofrequency ablation versus simple aspiration in the treatment of auricular pseudocyst: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Gao Tianxi , Wang Zhenghui
Published: September 2020

Objective

To compare the efficacy of two different treatment approaches for auricular pseudocyst.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed data from patients with auricular pseudocyst that were treated with either anterior wall resection plus radiofrequency ablation compression (surgical group) or simple aspiration and compression suturing (control group). The following outcomes were compared between the two groups: therapeutic response (cure, good or none), duration of postoperative medication (antibiotics) use, duration of postoperative pain, duration of recovery of appearance and rate of complications (infection, auricular thickening, incision swelling and recurrence).

Results

A total of 386 patients were enrolled in the study: 218 in the surgical group and 168 in the control group. Duration of postoperative medication use, duration of postoperative pain, duration of recovery of appearance and rate of postoperative complications were significantly lower in the surgical group compared with the control group. The overall therapeutic response (cure and good response) was significantly greater in the surgical group than in the control group.

Conclusion

Auricular pseudocyst can be effectively treated by both of these methods, but anterior wall resection plus radiofrequency ablation compression might be more effective.
Adaptive harmony search algorithm for mechanical performance optimization of properties of particleboard from cotton stalk
Authors: Nazerian Morteza , Keshtegar Behrooz , Beyki Zahra , Partovinia Ali
Published: September 2020

In this study, the optimum conditions for manufacturing particleboard-based waste cotton stalks were evaluated to achieve a good performance of mechanical properties. The response surface methodology (RSM) is used to calibrate the experiment results based on input variables consisting of the weight ratio of melamine formaldehyde to urea-formaldehyde (MU) resins, shelling ratio (SR), and the proportion of cotton particles to poplar particle (CP) in the core layer. An adaptive harmony search (AHS) algorithm is offered to search the optimum constructing conditions of mechanical properties for the composite particleboard using two optimization models. The optimum conditions are evaluated using maximum performance of mechanical properties. Besides, the optimum conditions are searched based on the material cost of the mechanical properties of composite particleboard that are utilized in its constraints. The results showed that the RSM can provide a perfect prediction for the mechanical properties of particleboard. The AHS is successfully applied to optimize the composite conditions. In the first optimization application, the optimal point is obtained for input variables in composite as 21.91% MU, 37.10% SR, and 13.54% CP. However, in the second condition, the optimum conditions are obtained for a good level as 18.32% MU, 51.71% SR, and 8.37% CP in the core layer.
Acid–base core–shell microspheres are incorporated into proton exchange membranes to effectively alleviate the rapid decline in proton conductivity at low humidity
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zhu Fan , Liu Xiaoyang , Ren Hongqian , Xia Minglong , Yang Mengjie , Feng Yi , Ding Huili
Published: September 2020

The development of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) that can avoid rapid decay of proton conductivity under low humidity is of great significance for the practical application of PEMFC. In this study, acid–base core–shell microspheres (PCSMs-MA@TAC) with a carboxylic acid core and a triazine shell were synthesized by distillation-precipitation polymerization using cross-linked carboxylic acid microspheres (PMAA) as seeds. These PCSMs were then incorporated into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix to make hybrid membranes. Incorporation of PCSMs microspheres can not only strengthen the vehicle mechanism by increasing the water uptake of the membrane, but also the acid–base pairs formed at the SPEEK/PCSMs interface provide a new low-energy barrier pathway for proton hopping, thereby enhancing the proton conduction of the Grotthuss mechanism. The results show that when the content is 10 wt%, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PCSMs-MA@TAC composite membrane can reach 0.161 S cm−1 at 80°C and 100% RH, which is 19.3% higher than the SPEEK control membrane (0.135 S cm−1). In particular, even at 60% RH, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PCSMs-MA@TAC-10 composite membrane is still 67 mS cm−1, which is 3.16 times higher than that of the SPEEK membrane. Therefore, the SPEEK/PCSMs-MA@TAC composite membrane can maintain superior performance even under high temperature and low humidity conditions.
Outcomes of Islet Autotransplantation in Chronic Pancreatitis Patients with Complete Acinar Atrophy
Authors: Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Kanak Mazhar A. , Vasu Srividya , Kumano Kenjiro , Lawrence Michael , Onaca Nicholas , Takita Morihito , Levy Marlon F. , Naziruddin Bashoo
Published: September 2020

Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a promising treatment for refractory chronic pancreatitis (CP). Pathological features of CP include progressive fibrosis in pancreas parenchyma, atrophy, and/or ductal occlusion. Complete acinar atrophy (CAA) caused by chronic fibrosis and necroinflammation results in exocrine sufficiency and may influence islet isolation characteristics during TPIAT. In this analysis of patients who underwent TPIAT at our center, we compared transplant outcomes among those with CAA ( n = 5) vs non-acinar atrophy (NAA; matching controls, n = 36). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test or Student’s t test. Pancreas digestion was longer in CAA than in NAA cases (18.6 vs 14.6 min) despite a lower pancreas weight (55.2 vs 91.2 g). Obtained tissue volume was 1.0 ml in the CAA group and 12.1 ml in the NAA group. Both groups had similar islet viability (96%) and islet dose (CAA, 3,391 IEQ/kg; NAA, 4141.1 IEQ/kg). During islet infusion, serum cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) levels and plasma hsa-miR-375 levels were lower in the CAA group than in the NAA group, but not significantly. Serum tumor necrosis factor α levels at 3 h after infusion were significantly higher in CAA group than in NAA group. After TPIAT, the metabolic outcomes of the CAA group were comparable with that of the NAA group. Narcotics usage decreased significantly over 24 months in both groups, with the CAA group reporting being pain free at 12 months. Complete atrophy of acinar cells of pancreas did not significantly impact islet yield or endocrine function after TPIAT.
Assessing Insecticide Resistance in Adult Mosquitoes: Perspectives on Current Methods
Authors: Richards Stephanie L , Byrd Brian D , Reiskind Michael H , White Avian V
Published: September 2020

Mosquito insecticide resistance (IR) is a growing global issue that must be addressed to protect public health. Vector control programs (VCPs) should regularly monitor local mosquito populations for IR and plan control measures accordingly. In some cases, state/federal resources financially support this testing with expertise and/or training programs. Standardization of methods (eg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay, World Health Organization tube testing, dose-mortality bioassay) for monitoring IR must be prioritized. One solution is regional hubs of IR monitoring at the state or other level. Training programs on methodology and interpretation of results should be developed and routinely offered to local VCPs conducting IR testing in mosquitoes. Here, current methods for assessing mosquito IR are discussed and insights into a variety of questions from VCPs are considered. It is critical that methods for IR monitoring and data interpretation are standardized through routine training, with the goal of evidence-driven decision making to improve control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease.
Co-creation and regional adaptation of a resilience-based universal whole-school program in five European regions
Authors: Morote Roxanna , Las Hayas Carlota , Izco-Basurko Irantzu , Anyan Frederick , Fullaondo Ane , Donisi Valeria , Zwiefka Antoni , Gudmundsdottir Dora Gudrun , Ledertoug Mette Marie , Olafsdottir Anna S , Gabrielli Silvia , Carbone Sara , Mazur Iwona , Królicka-Deręgowska Anna , Knoop Hans Henrik , Tange Nina , Kaldalóns Ingibjörg V , Jónsdóttir Bryndís Jóna , González Pinto Ana , Hjemdal Odin
Published: September 2020

The co-creation of educational services that promote youth resilience and mental health is still scarce. UPRIGHT (Universal Preventive Resilience Intervention Globally implemented in schools to improve and promote mental Health for Teenagers) is a research and intervention program in the Basque Country (Spain), Trentino (Italy), Low Silesia (Poland), Denmark and Reykjavik (Iceland). UPRIGHT implemented a co-creation research process whose results, outcomes and policy implications are presented here. The co-creation had a mixed-methods participatory research design with nine specific objectives linked to paired strategies of inquiry for adolescents, families, teachers and school staff. The overarching objective was to generate a valid and feasible regional adaptation strategy for UPRIGHT intervention model. Participants answered surveys ( n = 794) or attended 16 group sessions ( n = 217). The results integrate quantitative and qualitative information to propose a regional adaptation strategy that prioritizes resilience skills, adolescents’ concerns, and preferred methods for implementation across countries and in each school community. In conclusion, a whole-school resilience program must innovate, include and connect different actors, services and communities, and must incorporate new technologies and activities outside the classroom. A participatory co-creation process is an indispensable step to co-design locally relevant resilience interventions with the involvement of the whole-school community.