bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criminal Liability and Artificial Intelligence: Theoretical and Applied Aspects
Authors: Khisamova Zarina , Begishev Ildar
Published: February 2020

The humanity is now at the threshold of a new era when a widening use of artificial intelligence (AI) will start a new industrial revolution. Its use inevitably leads to the problem of ethical choice, it gives rise to new legal issues that require urgent actions. The authors analyze the criminal law assessment of the actions of AI. Primarily, the still open issue of liability for the actions of AI that is capable of self-learning and makes a decision to act / not to act, which is qualified as a crime. As a result, there is a necessity to form a system of criminal law measures of counteracting crimes committed with the use of AI. It is shown that the application of AI could lead to four scenarios requiring criminal law regulation. It is stressed that there is a need for a clear, strict and effective definition of the ethical boundaries in the design, development, production, use and modification of AI. The authors argue that it should be recognized as a source of high risk. They specifically state that although the Criminal Code of the Russian Fe­deration contains norms that determine liability for cybercrimes, it does not eliminate the possibility of prosecution for infringements committed with the use of AI under the general norms of punishment for various crimes. The authors also consider it possible to establish a system to standardize and certify the activities of designing AI and putting it into operation. Meanwhile, an autonomous AI that is capable of self-learning is considerably different from other phenomena and objects, and the situation with the liability of AI which independently decides to undertake an action qualified as a crime is much more complicated. The authors analyze the resolution of the European Parliament on the possibility of granting AI legal status and discuss its key principles and meaning. They pay special attention to the issue of recognizing AI as a legal personality. It is suggested that a legal fiction should be used as a technique, when a special legal personality of AI can be perceived as an unusual legal situation that is different from reality. It is believed that such a solution can eliminate a number of existing legal limitations which prevent active involvement of AI into the legal space.
Criminological Intelligence
Authors: Kleymenov Ivan , Kleymenov Mikhail , Metelev Sergey
Published: February 2020

In the current conditions of mass substitution of reality by simulacra created on the basis of criminal motivation in the interests of criminals, criminological intelligence acts as an adequate response to the challenges of the contemporary situation in its different dimensions — global, regional, national. Criminological intelligence, as a relatively independent type of investigation activities, is defined by the authors as legal collection, analysis, evaluation and interpretation of information on the criminalization of public relations, on the threats and risks of criminal and criminogenic nature, on the actual condition of criminality, criminals, their status and opportunities to resist law and order with the purpose of ensuring national, public, group and personal security. The legality of criminological intelligence means that it is not based on confidential sources and is thus different from such a type of operational search activities as analytical intelligence. Besides, the legality excludes the use of illegal means and techniques of obtaining information. The tasks of criminological intelligence include obtaining reliable information on the actual criminological situation, criminological and socio-legal prognostication, determining the level (regime) of threats to criminological security, criminological zoning (by territories and objects). The actual criminal picture that requires an urgent response cannot be compiled without characterizing the cumulative number of unsolved crimes (it is seven times more than the number of crimes registered annually). An important task of criminological intelligence is determining the key directions of crime counteraction. They include counteraction to economic and electoral crimes, where a rather short-sighted criminal policy is currently used, although these types of crime threaten national security. The object of criminological intelligence is the criminalization of public relations, while its subject is now solely represented by financial intelligence (Rosfinmonitoring), which is obviously not sufficient. Criminological intelligence should be handled by professionals gathered in a national research center. The training of such professionals should be mainly based on criminology, including criminological intelligence, and this discipline should gain a higher educational-methodological status.
DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGESİNDE YAŞAYAN LAZ TOPLULUKLARININ DİLİ, GELENEKLERİ VE MUTFAK KÜLTÜRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÇOŞAN Dilek , SEÇİM Yılmaz
Published: February 2020

Etnik çeşitlilik toplumların zenginliğini ve farklılığını göstermektedir. Türkiye farklı pek çok etnik yapıyı bünyesinde bulundurmaktadır. Bu etnik yapılar kültürel anlamda Türkiye’nin önemli bir konuma gelmesini sağlamıştır. Türkiye’de yaşayan önemli etnik unsurlardan bir tanesi de Lazlardır. Bu çalışma Karadeniz bölgesinde yaşayan Lazların mutfak kültürü ve geleneklerini ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda unutulma tehlikesi bulunan Laz etnik kültürünün kayıt altına alınması ve yaşatılabilmesi temel amaç olarak benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Rize, Trabzon ve Artvin’de yaşayan ve Laz kökenli olan 8 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Görüşme yapılan kişilerin kesinlikle hiçbir dejenerasyona uğramamış hala kültürünü yaşayan ve gönüllü kişilerden oluşturulmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Bu nedenle hala lazca konuşabilen ve özel gün etkinliklerini devam ettiren kişilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında yarı biçimsel mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşme sonucunda kaynak kişilerin gelenekleri, Laz dili ve yöresel yemekleri hakkında sorular sorulmuştur. Sorulara verilen cevaplara göre farklı sorular sorulara derinlemesine analiz yapılmıştır. Görüşme sonucunda elde edilen veriler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda farklı gelenek ve göreneklere sahip olmalarının yanı sıra pek çok yemek çeşitliliğine sahip oldukları ve büyük bir bölümünün hala evlerde yapılmaya devam edildiği görülmüştür. Laz mutfak kültürünün Karadeniz bölgesinde etkin olarak mutfak kültürüne katkıda bulunduğu net bir şekilde görülmektedir. Ancak Laz toplumun üzerine yapılan çalışmaların az olması literatür bilgi toplanmasında problem oluşturmuştur.
Indonesian EFL teachers’ content conceptualization and course organization: A portray of text-based teaching
Authors: Triastuti Anita , Riazi Mehdi
Published: February 2020

Frequent changes of Indonesian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) national curriculum have transformed EFL teachers’ role from that of serving merely as curriculum transmitters into curriculum adapters. Accordingly, this study intended to explore how a group of Indonesian EFL teachers conceptualize content and course organization as guided by the Indonesian national EFL curriculum. A qualitative multiple-case study (Miles, Huberman, Saldana, 2014; Stake, 2006; Yin, 2014) was employed to collect and analyze data. Purposive within- and cross-case sampling techniques were used to select six EFL teachers; three experienced and three inexperienced teachers of public junior high schools in the Special Territory of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sources of data included instructional curriculum design assessments and pre-lesson semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the data revealed these teachers’ content conceptualization focuses on blending texts and English language skills that characterize the implementation of text-based teaching in the Indonesian EFL context. Results of the data analysis for course organization showed teachers’ insufficient understanding on the selected organizing principles for teaching texts. Such understanding led to inconsistency between theory and practice. The findings of the study shed light on a misconception about implementing text-based teaching. Implications of the study address the need to equip Indonesian EFL teachers with both the conceptual and practical knowledge of implementing the methodology of text-based teaching.
A shift in cloze procedure usage: A new tool for activating ZPD
Authors: Ajideh Parviz , Ansarin Ali Akbar , Mozaffarzadeh Sorayya
Published: February 2020

Of significant challenges encountered in the field of Foreign Language Acquisition (FLA) is finding efficient procedures to make learning more promising, and at the same time-independent. Along with these attempts, the present study tries to make a shift in the usage of the cloze procedure traditionally used for testing reading comprehension. Our aim was to find out whether using a cloze procedure prior to teaching reading comprehension skills prompts EFL students Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in learning reading comprehension skills across proficiency levels. To that end, applying quasi-experimental design, 380 B.S. students majoring in engineering were selected based on intact classes and randomly divided into control and experimental groups while their proficiency levels determined through their scores on the Cambridge Quick Placement Test. Then, the participants in the experimental group (N=190) received the prepared cloze procedure, whereas those in the control group received the same procedure for teaching reading skills except the cloze before instruction. Both groups received pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-tests. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using independent samples t-test to understand the differences between the groups. The results from the tests revealed that using instructional cloze procedure before teaching reading skills has significant effects on participants’ ZPD in all proficiency levels and can broaden their learning. The finding of the present study implies that instead of adhering to the traditional teaching principles and instruments, instructors can use innovative procedures and manipulate traditional methods and tools to facilitate and lengthen learning processes.
Flipped learning in the English as a second language classroom: Bhutanese students’ perceptions and attitudes of flipped learning approach in learning grammar
Authors: Singay S.
Published: February 2020

Although extensive research has been carried out on the positive effects of flipped learning in a first language context, there remains a paucity of evidence on the impact of flipped learning in a second language context specifically in Bhutan. The present study was undertaken to examine Bhutanese students’ attitudes and perceptions toward the flipped learning approach in a second language context. The participants of this study were forty students (20 females and 20 males). Data collection instruments used in this study were questionnaire and semi-structured interview. Findings from the questionnaire demonstrated that the flipped learning approach helped learners to learn grammar; moreover, the students showed positive attitudes and perceptions towards the flipped classroom approach. Similarly, findings from a semi-structured interview revealed four important themes of the flipped learning approach, which are: conducive learning atmosphere, use of more technology, better relationship, and collaboration.
LIKELIHOOD RATING OF FRAUD RISK IN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
Authors: Kamal Mustofa , Tohom Andilo
Published: February 2020

Indonesian government procurement regulations have undergone some changes towards improvements in procurement governance from 2003 to 2018. However, the facts of 177 corruption cases in procurement [1] showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2017. This study aimed to prove the likelihood level of risk of fraud government procurement and exemplify a list of government procurement fraud risk ratings. Qualitative research method is used with survey technique via google form to 52 respondents consisting of procurement group, auditor and procurement trainer or risk management trainer. Prospectively, respondents rated likelihood on 66 risk of procurement fraud. The results showed that there are 5 risks have a "frequent" likelihood, there are 54 risks have "occasionally" likelihood, and 7 risks have "almost never" likehood. These results have implications for government agencies to develop proper response or management of procurement fraud risk in accordance with their likelihood.
Salud pública, universidad y poder. La universidad que queremos
Authors: Paz y Miño Jaime Breilh
Published: February 2020

En diálogo con los planteamientos de Héctor Abad Gómez, en este texto se interroga el papel de la educación superior de nuestro tiempo, aportando elementos para trascender de una salud pública domesticada y funcionalista. Aquí se aboga por una universidad como espacio de autoconciencia social, en el que sea posible un pensamiento intercultural, construido en estrecho vínculo con las comunidades, y que sea capaz de una crítica radical de la voraz sociedad de mercado. Se llama la atención sobre la determinación social de la ciencia y el momento crítico que atraviesa la salud pública en el presente, subordinada al modelo fármaco-biomédico y al pensamiento sucursalista predominante. Trascender la salud pública hegemónica y construir una universidad descolonizada obliga a repensar la manera de construir el objeto “salud” y las formas de pensarlo; implica el desarrollo de un pensamiento crítico radical de la mercantilización de la vida, y la recuperación de los saberes y sabidurías propias. Es el desafío de la salud colectiva latinoamericana del siglo XXI.
Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in Colombia: A systematic review
Authors: Gomez Luis , Riascos Stefania , Mora Mercedes , Parra Diana C
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de las prevalencias de diabetes e hipertensión en la población adulta colombiana.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda estructurada en las bases electrónicas PubMed, SciELO and ProQuest, la cual incluyó estudios publicados en español e inglés desde enero de 2000 a junio de 2016.Resultados: Dos estudios en diabetes y 4 en hipertensión fueron seleccionados. Las prevalencias generales de diabetes en los 2 estudios fueron 8,1% (IC95%:6,8-9,5) y 8,9% (no reportó el IC95%). Las prevalencias generales de hipertensión tuvieron un rango de valores de 13,4% (IC95%:11,5-15,2) a 25,1% (no reportó el IC95%). En la mayoría de los estudios, las prevalencias de hipertensión fueron menores en mujeres.Conclusión: Esta revisión brinda evidencia limitada pero útil acerca de las prevalencias de dos enfermedades crónicas no-transmisibles en Colombia. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de mejorar diversos procedimientos metodológicos para estimación de futuros estudios de prevalencia.
Programa de promoción de la salud en un lugar de trabajo informal en Corabastos, Bogotá: una perspectiva participativa
Authors: Torres-Acevedo Pablo Edilberto , Muñoz-Sánchez Alba Idaly
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: La investigación tuvo como objetivo construir de manera participativa un programa de promoción de la salud en un lugar de trabajo informal en Corabastos, Bogotá, durante 2016 y 2017.Metodología: Se desarrolló en cuatro etapas: 1) movilizar, que se fundamentó en lograr el compromiso de las principales partes interesadas; 2) organizar, con el fin de establecer un grupo dedicado a la transformación y el mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud y trabajo; 3) construir, donde se elaboró un plan de salud como una hoja de ruta para actuar y transformar la las condiciones del trabajo informal; y 4) actuar, o sea, contribuir a la promoción de la salud en lugares de trabajo informal.Resultados: se conformó un grupo de diez trabajadores informales y un investigador externo; se impulsó la participación colectiva y la validación consensuada de todo el proceso. Se identificaron y priorizaron problemáticas, y se construyó el plan de salud, con los objetivos de hacer un manejo adecuado de las basuras, defender los lugares de trabajo informal de las acciones represivas de la fuerza pública, mejorar la calidad de los productos a vender, fortalecer la asistencia a los servicios de salud y establecer alternativas económicas de trabajo. El estudio permitió el diálogo y la participación colectiva de los trabajadores en todas las etapas y la apropiación de la investigación por parte de la comunidad. La metodología brindó herramientas para empoderar a los trabajadores involucrados, al reconocer sus propias capacidades y posibilitar su acción para obtener trasformaciones locales..
Los propósitos de la educación en salud pública
Authors: Montenegro -Martínez Gino
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo se orienta a definir los propósitos de la educación en salud pública. Para ello, se revisó el concepto educación desde la perspectiva de diferentes autores y se describieron tres circunstancias que entorpecen el proceso educativo. La educación en salud pública debe permitir la construcción conjunta, al interior de la sociedad, de la salud, la calidad de vida, el bienestar, el bien vivir y la vida digna desde la multiculturalidad, la diversidad y las distintas disciplinas. Así mismo, debe orientarse a ser una educación contextualizada, que parta de una definición de política como un escenario de toma de decisiones y posiciones orientadas al logro del bien común y promueva la formación de profesionales que participen en dichos escenarios políticos; que más allá de conocimientos, genere conciencia sobre la realidad que se vive; que vea en la promoción de la salud una herramienta que posibilita una lectura crítica de la realidad; que sea una educación interdisciplinaria, permitiendo la participación de diversas disciplinas, junto con sus métodos, para lograr un conocimiento amplio de la realidad que se quiere conocer. Y, finalmente, que fomente el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, en donde las personas participen, cumplan y hagan cumplir los acuerdos a los que llega la sociedad.
Epidemiología de los desórdenes venosos crónicos y factores asociados en amerindios nativos embera-chamí, Antioquia
Authors: García-Pineda Andrés Felipe , Duque-Botero Julieta , Cardona-Arias Jaiberth A. , Naranjo-González Carlos Andrés , Rua-Molina Diana Carolina , Montoya-Granda Edisson , Giráldo Méndez Diana Patricia , Bedoya Berrío Gabriel de Jesús , Rosique-Gracia Javier
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de los desórdenes venosos crónicos (dvc) en los embera-chamí de Cristianía (Karmata Rua), en el suroeste de Antioquia, y conocer sus posibles factores asociados (fa).Metodología: Estudio de corte de una muestra aleatoria de 488 sujetos. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante ecoduplex venoso. Se recolectó información sobre fa sociodemográficos, comportamentales y antropométricos. Los fa más relevantes se seleccionaron por regresión logística binaria múltiple.Resultados: La prevalencia de várices fue del 27,5 % y la de insuficiencia venosa crónica (ivc) del 0,8 %. Hubo compromiso de segmentos anatómicos superficiales en el 34,8 % de los individuos. La edad fue el fa más importante, con Odds Ratio (or) entre 3,33 y 6,30 según el tipo de dvc. El sexo femenino, la paridad, la grasa en el muslo y pierna y la talla alta se asociaron a telangiectasias. La edad, la grasa abdominal y la forma de la pierna fueron fa de várices. A las venas superficiales, en ambos sexos, se asociaron la edad y la grasa abdominal y, en mujeres, también los antecedentes familiares de várices. A las profundas y perforantes se asociaron la edad y la depleción de grasa periférica.Conclusiones: El patrón de baja prevalencia de los dvc en embera-chamí puede ser consecuencia de los estilos de vida relacionados con la actividad física diaria y las diferencias genéticas compartidas con amerindios. En los programas de atención en salud diferencial deberían considerarse los desórdenes profundos y perforantes respecto a mestizos
Comparison of strategies for myocardial revascularization in patients with coronary heart disease and multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Bocharov Aleksandr V. , Popov Leonid V.
Published: February 2020

Justification. To this day, the problem of choosing the method of complete revascularization in the category of patients with acute coronary syndrome without the ST segment elevation and multi-vascular lesions of the coronary bed does not lose its relevance. The goal of this study was to compare the results of surgical manipulations in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention using 3rd-generation drug-coated stents and coronary artery bypass grafting, according to the two-year follow-up data.
Methods. The results of surgical and endovascular revascularization strategies were compared in 140 patients with ischemic heart disease and multivessel coronary disease after previously successfully performed stenting of a clinically dependent artery using 3rd-generation drug-coated stents for acute coronary syndrome without the ST segment elevation based on the results of a two-year follow-up.
Results. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical, demographic and operational characteristics between the groups, except for the number of smoking patients, wich was significantly higher in the PCI group. In the PCI group, there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of repeated revascularizations and the combined MACCE point.
Discussion. The obtained results showed the advantage of CABG in a group of patients with previously successfully performed PCI of the clinically dependent artery for non -STEMI and multi-vascular lesions.
Conclusion. In patients with coronary artery disease and multivascular lesions of the coronary bed, who had successfully underwent stenting of the clinical-dependent artery using stents of the 3rd generation with drug coating for acute coronary syndrome without the ST segment elevation, and intermediate severity of lesions on the SYNTAX scale when performing full functional revascularization by coronary artery bypass grafting or stenting, there are no differences in the indicators of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular disease, frequency of return of the clinic angina pectoris, with the exception of the frequency of repeated revascularization and composite MACCE points, which was statistically significantly higher in the group of stenting.
Computer tomography in the diagnosis of small bowel diseases
Authors: Koshelev E. G. , Kitayev S. V. , Belyaev G. Yu. , Egorov A. A. , Kurzantseva Olga O.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the study is caused by the difficulties in diagnosing diseases of the small bowel (SB). Due to the prevalence and widespread introduction of X-ray computed tomography (CT) into clinical practice, its capabilities in the diagnosis of small bowel diseases are of great interest and potential.
Objective. to reveal the possibilities of computed tomography using intravenous bolus contrast enhancement in identifying the symptom of wall thickening of the small bowel and its prognostic significance in various nosologies.
Methods. Analysis of the data from MSCT studies performed according to the Protocol for the study of abdominal organs using intravenous bolus contrast enhancement and oral water intake in adult patients from 18 to 87 years of age with small bowel diseases.
Results. The article shows the possibilities of multispiral computed tomography performed according to the standard Protocol in detecting thickening of the SB wall. The range of diseases was determined for which thickening of the SB wall was one of the main radiological symptoms of the lesion. The prognostic significance of this radiological symptom is presented. The features of thickening of the intestinal wall in various diseases and other distinctive features that can be used in the differential diagnosis are described.
Conclusion. Thickening of the wall is a common sign of SB damage, which is convincingly detected in CT studies with bolus contrast enhancement. In our study, the common causes of thickening of the SB wall in primary disease were: Crohn's disease (37%), lymphoma (20%) and anastomosis (13%). However, we determined thickening of the SB wall as a result of primary tumors (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma) in 7% and as a result of a secondary tumor lesion in 18.6% of cases. The considered diseases were different in the degree of thickening of the intestinal wall (from 6 to 70 mm), its spreading (focal thickening 48%; segmental 52%), number of affected areas (from 1 to 3) of their localization (proximal-middle or distal section), form of the transition area from the affected part of the intestine to the unchanged one (sharply defined or smooth), the presence or absence of symptoms of intestinal obstruction, and the features of contrast enhancement (severity and type).
Spondyloarthrosis: pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis and treatment (literature review and own experience)
Authors: Yarikov Anton V. , Denisov A. A. , Perlmutter O. A. , Dokish M. Yu. , Sosnin A. G. , Masevnin S. V. , Pavlova E. A. , Boyarshinov A. A.
Published: February 2020

8590% of the elderly people are diagnosed with spondyloarthrosis There are various synonyms for this disease in the literature: facet syndrome, facet pain syndrome, arthrosis of the intervertebral joints, zygapophysial joint arthrosis and spondyloarthropathy. The article analyzes the pathogenesis, clinical picture and methods of diagnosis of this disease. Modern types of conservative and surgical treatment are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the surgical methods for the facet syndrome treatment are analyzed: instrumental denervation (radio frequency, laser, etc.), chemical denervaion and intraarticular administration of drugs. The results of our own clinical work are presented. The facet joint denervation appears to be a productive minimally invasive method of treatment of the reflex forms of spondyloarthrosis. In the early and long-term postoperative period, it leads to a persistent decrease in the intensity of pain and improvement of the quality of life with a low risk of perioperative complications.
How to decide surgical procedure for esophagogastric junction cancer?
Authors: Seto Yasuyuki , Yamashita Hiroharu
Published: February 2020

Standard surgical procedure for esophagogastric junction cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, has still remained controversial. Various procedures has been allowed and applied for Siewert type II tumors. Negative long resection margin had been regarded as essential in decision on the procedure. Recent papers have, however, shown the priority of invasion length to each side (esophagus and stomach), because it relates the frequency and sites of lymph node metastasis to be dissected. And, the size of remnant stomach is, also, important when a proximal gastrectomy is considered.
Profitability Attributes and the level of Disclosure: A Study on Listed Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Shakawat
Published: February 2020

The objective of the study is to examine empirically the likely association between the level of disclosure and various profitability attributes. In order to identify the determinants of disclosure, regression analysis, multiple linear regression techniques have been used. The analysis and discussion of the study have already established the fact that the extent of disclosure varies across pharmaceutical company and across various sections of pharmaceutical company annual reports. The paper has been prepared having in minded the significant corporate attributes that are significantly associated with the level of disclosure.
La responsabilidad por el mando en la justicia transicional colombiana
Authors: Vásquez Henry Torres
Published: February 2020

This article with a synthesis analysis method clarifies the responsibility for thecoomand in accordance with international criminal law and determines the possibilityof establishing that type of responsibility in a transitional justice model such as the onecurrently used in Colombia. Besides they must take into account and specify in the subjectsto whom the responsibility for the command would be applied.In order to achieve this objective, it specifically refers to the analysis of the theories that allowassigning individual criminal responsibility for the commission of punishable conducts inscenarios of armed conflict such as the one in Colombia. The possible application to theresponsible ones is analyzed in order to avoid the rampant impunity that has existed fordecades in this country, due to serious international crimes that occurred in the middleof the armed conflict.It is concluded that it can be determined that there is a wide possibility of impunity for thecrimes committed by the superiors against the behavior committed especially by omission;it is stipulated that to avoid impunity, the ideal is that there should be adequate sanctionsaccording to both the truth that is proven and the seriousness of it, taking into account thejurisprudence of the Adhoc and the International Criminal Court.
Aportes a la seguridad social y destinación del recaudo de determinados impuestos al rubro del sistema de salud en Colombia
Authors: Villasmil Molero Milagros del Carmen , Fandiño Barros Yolanda Alicia , Pacheco Codina Nubia
Published: February 2020

Transparency in the management of the resources of the health system is an action that commits both the State and its institutions. That is why this Documentary Review focuses on analyzing the contributions to social security and the destination of the collection of certain taxes on the health system, taking into account the Law 1819 of 2016, structural reform, Law 1943 of financing of 2018, López, Restrepo & Gómez (2018), Restrepo & Lizarazo (2017), and other tax normative documents that refers to contributions to the system. The methodological approach corresponds to the qualitative type, with bibliographic design. Among the findings, we find that that two additional measures were expected to support the solution to the financial crisis in the sector; first, the creation of the tax on the sugary beverages consumption and the guarantee for the national budget contributions, which neither the law 1819 of 2016, nor the 1943 law of 2018 regulated; It was verified that there are several taxes whose collection are directed to the Colombian general health system. It is concluded that, after the approval of the tax reform, the National Government pumped approximately $ 1.8 billion into the health social security system, which comes from two taxes: one for cigarettes and half a point for VAT. However, despite the fact that a large amount of health sector resources are circulating in the financial system, paradoxically, the closure of hospitals throughout the national territory continues. The tax reform does not cover the deficit of the health sector, despite the money that the Ministry of Health will receive, a budget is needed. The article calls for future research on the subject given the changing nature of the matter.
Registro de la situación de control en las sociedades por acciones simplificadas en eventos de accionista único y mayoritario
Authors: Cárdenas Caycedo Omar Alfonso , Enríquez Martínez Leonardo Alfredo
Published: February 2020

Registration of control situation for joint-stock companies in single and majorityshareholder eventsgroup. The business group implies, in addition to control, the unity ofpurpose and direction. In both cases –group and control– Article 30 of Law 222 of 1995establishes the duty of the parent or parent to register the situation in the mercantile registryin order to publicize to third parties that the will of the company arises from a differentperson than the society. Likewise, Colombian legislation contemplates the possibility thatcontrol is exercised by a natural person. In this framework, Decree 667 of 2018 was issuedon the registration of the control situation in the SAS by the sole shareholders when theyare natural persons. The article explores the obligation to register the control situationin the shareholders of the SAS when they are natural persons, both in events of singleshareholder and majority shareholder; which will lead to studying the events in which theobligation is not operative. KeywordsSimplified joint stock company, registration of thecontrol situation, business groups, decree 667 of 2018. The article explores the obligationto register the control situation in the shareholders of the SAS corporation when they arenatural persons, both in events of single shareholder and majority shareholder; which willlead to studying the events in which the obligation is not operative.
El derecho de los jueces y el derecho de la administración pública: de la doctrina legal más probable al procedimiento de extensión de la jurisprudencia
Authors: Yañez Meza Diego Armando
Published: February 2020

From 1887 to the present, in Código de Procedimiento Administrativo y de lo Contencioso Administrativo (2011) –hereinafter CPACA– and the Código General del Proceso (2012) –hereinafter CGP–, the judges say and their projection for future cases Within the judiciary, it has been a problem that faced by theories –formalism and antiformalism– and, in particular, serious problems for its application. The questions are not unknown in this subject, among others: can the judge create the right in his jurisprudence? Does that say of the judges must be applied in present cases? Is it different to say the judges from the organ producing jurisprudence issue or is there a common denominator in all jurisdictions? Under this context, and based on the same problem, Law has transferred the dissertation to another public power: the judges say and their projection for future cases within the executive branch –in the administrative decision– with which the challenges increase for its applicability. In the present investigation, this legal and doctrinal evolution is described, with important references politics have contributed to sculpt this right, establishing what we believe should be the common denominator for the law of the judges and the law of public administration, combined to the reasons why the applicability of the judges’ sayings has not been full -barriers- within the same judiciary and their treatment now in the seat of the public administration.
The study of correlation between thyroid function and blood pressure in hypertensive patients attending out patient department in tertiary care centre
Authors: Patange Aparna , Shah Harsh , Vora Harshil
Published: February 2020

Background: Hypertension may be the initial clinical presentation for at least 15 endocrine disorders, including overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The correction of thyroid dysfunction may normalize Blood Pressure (BP) in most cases, therefore checking thyroid function is essential during the workup for hypertension. The present study was conducted to find out the association between hypertension and thyroid dysfunction.Methods: It was a retrospective, observational study conducted among patients having hypertension visiting the outpatient department of Medicine in KIMS Karad, during the period of 2 months.Results: The mean values of various thyroid function parameters among hypertensive cases was assessed in the current study, Authors found that the mean Serum T3 level was 93.5917±32.82, Mean Serum T4 level was 6.72±1.64 and the mean Serum TSH level was 2.52±2.71. Among all the cases about 52% cases had deranged thyroid function reports.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and increased blood pressure levels.
La enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación en la era de la invención: Hacia un nuevo humanismo
Authors: Eiriz Claudio
Published: February 2020

Parte del debate respecto de la enseñanza se circunscribe a la discusión acerca de la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías en el aula y a la comprensión de la subjetividad de los alumnos en la actualidad (millennials). Los modos de interacción social están cambiando y en tanto los estilos de apropiación del conocimiento son tributarios de los modelos disponibles en la efectividad social, es natural que se interprete que los modos en que las nuevas generaciones se apropian del conocimiento, también esté cambiando. Sin embargo, el modo que le damos sentido a los efectos posibles de esa transformación, forman parte de la producción del cambio mismo. En esta ponencia se intenta reflexionar acerca del discurso respecto de los estilos de aprendizaje de las nuevas generaciones, los cambios que se han producidos a partir de las Tics y posteriormente en la consecuencia que estos cambios pueden traer en la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación, haciendo especial énfasis en los contextos de descubrimiento e invención.
A Thermal Strength State Analysis of a Cylindrical Combustion Chamber Manufactured Using Additive Technologies
Authors: Ushakova E.S. , Arefyev K.Yu. , Zaikin S.V. , Polyanskiy A.R. , Isakov V.V.
Published: February 2020

Additive technologies based on layer-by-layer and direct laser sintering of metal powders make it possible to produce objects of complex shapes with high accuracy and at acceptable material and time costs. However, the implementation of additive technologies is associated with a number of technical difficulties caused by a decrease in strength characteristics of the material obtained as a result of laser sintering. The negative trend associated with deterioration of the material strength characteristics and its influence on the structure performance is most pronounced in heat-stressed units, in particular, in combustion chambers of power plants. The paper proposes and tests a computational and experimental method for estimating the stress-strain state of a regenerative cooled cylindrical combustion chamber manufactured using additive technologies. The authors present experimental data on the decrease in the material strength when laser sintering of power is used. The change in the safety factor of the cylindrical combustion chamber is estimated depending on its geometric characteristics and operating modes. The possibility of application of the developed method when choosing the configuration of a combustion chamber with regenerative cooling channels is shown.
AGING AND GROWTH HORMONE: ASSUMPTIONS AND FACTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Bulgakova S. V. , Treneva E. V. , Zakharova N. O. , Gorelik S. G.
Published: February 2020

Growth hormone is a powerful metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects, which is positioned as a “source of youth”. Somatotropin has various functions: stimulation of bone growth, regulation of carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism, metabolic function of the liver and energy balance. At the cellular level, somatotropic hormone regulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cytoskeleton reorganization. The review article presents the results of topical studies that reflect the relationship of growth hormone deficiency or resistance to it with the development of aging and diseases associated with age, as well as with an increase in life expectancy.
THE ROLE OF SMALL MOLECULES IN METABOLISM REGULATION (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Kolotyeva N. A. , Gilmiyarova F. N.
Published: February 2020

Annotaciya
CURRENT BEST PRACTICES AND BIOBANKING RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Doludin Y. V. , Borisova A. L. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Stefanyuk O. V. , Sivakova O. V. , Botsoeva S. A. , Meshkov A. N. , Metelskaya V. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: February 2020

The biobank is a structure established with the goal of long-term responsible storage of biological samples and the associated data for their further use in scientific and clinical research. The objectives of biobanking are the creation of unified recommendations on: the planning of premises and the selection of equipment for storage; development of management methods and staff training; standardization of methods for the collection, shipping, processing and storage of biomaterial of various origins, as well as methods for quality control and validation of the applied methods; creation and use of databases of information accompanying biospecimens. The lack of common standards for conducting the preanalytical phase has been the cause of low accuracy and poor reproducibility of research results. To date, a large number of guidelines and best practices have been published that provide an answer to a wide range of problems in organizing the biobanking process. The article provides an overview of the most famous biobanking guidelines that can be used to solve various research problems. Biobanking in Russia is actively developing. Since 1996 there is a work on the legislative regulation of biobanking activities, as a result of which a number of regulatory documents have been issued. An important stage in the development of biobanking in Russia was the establishment of the “National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists” (NASBio) in 2018, which included representatives of medical and research institutions, commercial firms, and qualified specialists in the field of biobanking. One of the key tasks of NASBio is the adaptation and implementation of the best biobanking practices in Russian research institutes and centers. The use of modern guidelines and best practices on biobanking will lead to an increase in the quality of research and publications.
Performance evaluation of interoperability in peer- to-peer processes
Authors: Cano-Coto Diego
Published: February 2020

Al garantizar la interoperabilidad; Se garantizará la interpretación correcta de la comunicación dentro de una organización, así como las organizaciones que interactúan entre sí. En cuanto a los beneficios obtenidos, se asegurará la disminución significativa de productos defectuosos, como los costos de reprocesos, eliminación de pedidos con características diferentes a las requeridas debido a una mala interpretación del pedido ... etc. Simultáneamente, el funcionamiento de este tipo de programa en una organización también significa una inversión, que es lo que se quiere evaluar en este proyecto; El análisis de costo-beneficio de la utilidad de este tipo de programas en una empresa. El documento primero discute la teoría como los estudios reales que se han hecho sobre la interoperabilidad, luego la estudia en un caso de estudio que luego se modificará para comparar ambos escenarios. Al realizar una evaluación de este tipo de programa, se justificará o se desarrollará un juicio sobre la utilización de un software que ofrezca y garantice la interoperabilidad entre los diferentes procesos mencionados anteriormente.
Pensar, Agir, Trabalhar
Authors: Freitas Lêda Gonçalves de , Ghizoni Liliam Deisy , Bottega Carla Garcia , Castro Thiele da Costa Muller
Published: February 2020

Chegamos ao ano 4 da Revista Trabalho (En)Cena atravessando um contexto político, econômico, cultural e educacional carregado de retrocessos na democracia, nos direitos sociais, civis e políticos. Justamente por isso, a Revista Trabalho (En)Cena se apresenta, mais uma vez, como espaço de potência política do pensar e do agir na acepção da filósofa Hannah Arendt (2014), que nos ensina que liberdade é sinônimo de ação.
Sofrimento ético e moral: uma Interface com o contexto dos profissionais de enfermagem
Authors: Ambrósio Erika Gonçalves , Lima Vanessa Matos , Traesel Elisete Soares
Published: February 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo relacionar os conceitos de sofrimento ético e moral às práticas dos profissionais de enfermagem, de forma a identificar como esses trabalhadores são afetados por esse sofrimento em situações relacionadas ao seu trabalho. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica foi possível, através de um breve esclarecimento teórico-filosófico das palavras ética e moral, obter maior entendimento desses conceitos. Tendo como pano de fundo a teoria da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, onde surge pela primeira vez o conceito sofrimento ético, foi possível realizar uma reflexão sobre o sofrimento do indivíduo ao negar a si e aos seus valores com a finalidade de realizar ou pactuar com ações que condena moralmente no seu trabalho. Ao abordarmos estudos que pesquisaram o sofrimento ético e moral em trabalhadores da saúde, sobretudo os de enfermagem, percebeu-se que os trabalhadores da área estão muito vulneráveis a escolhas que geram sofrimento ético em decorrência do seu próprio trabalho de cuidador. Concluiu-se que, ainda que a maior parte da literatura abordada utilize-se do conceito de sofrimento moral, é possível relacionarmos este ao sofrimento ético e contribuir para ampliar as discussões e produções relativas à temática tendo em vista seu impacto sobre a saúde mental desses profissionais.
Trabalho e Saúde no movimento sindical: a experiência multidisciplinar da secretaria de saúde do trabalhador do Sindisprev-RS
Authors: Santos Machado Fabiane Konowaluk , Martins Batista Maria Dulcinéia , Fosch Carmen , Heineck Cyntia
Published: February 2020

Este artigo resulta da experiência do trabalho interdisciplinar da Secretaria de Saúde do Trabalhador desenvolvido junto ao Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Federais da Saúde, Trabalho e Previdência no Rio Grande do Sul (SINDISPREV-RS). Objetiva apresentar a metodologia de trabalho desenvolvida e seus diferentes enfoques a partir da equipe técnica integrada por assistente social e psicóloga, com foco na saúde do trabalhador. As ações emergem a partir de demandas de trabalhadores públicos, que buscam o serviço com questões relacionadas à saúde e ao trabalho. A realidade trazida ao sindicato apresenta agravamentos em relação a condições de saúde, indicando a falta de transparência e de ações destinadas à proteção da saúde desses trabalhadores. O relato de experiência demonstra o importante papel e a responsabilidade do sindicato e apresenta, como resultado, a contribuição para o fortalecimento do movimento sindical e de sua categoria, operadora das políticas públicas no Brasil. Busca-se, com isso, a visibilidade dos graves problemas apresentados e maior atenção às ações de promoção e proteção da saúde dos operadores das políticas públicas por parte dos gestores na luta contra o desmonte das políticas públicas.
“Se você se aposentar e não continuar tendo prazer na vida, você vai se aposentar pra quê?": um estudo sobre o trabalho de docentes aposentados de uma IFES
Authors: Ribeiro Carla Vaz dos Santos , COSTA ANA FLÁVIA MONIZ , CARDOSO VALÉRIA MARIA LIMA , MACHADO BRENDA BARROS
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo buscou investigar aspectos que influenciam docentes inativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES) no retorno ao trabalho. Foram entrevistados sete docentes que regressaram à Instituição depois da aposentadoria e, dentre eles, seis voltaram ao labor sem nenhuma vantagem financeira. Procurou-se analisar o significado dessa fase de transição para os entrevistados, e como se deu a decisão de retornar ou permanecer na Instituição após a aposentadoria. Constatou-se que, apesar de afirmarem que atualmente possuem uma rotina mais autônoma, alguns descrevem um cotidiano laboral bastante intensificado. Ao enfatizarem que a docência ocupa um lugar crucial em suas vidas, confirmam a relevância deste trabalho na constituição de suas subjetividades e a dificuldade de ruptura do vínculo laboral e de aceitação da aposentadoria.
 Palavras-chave: Psicodinâmica do Trabalho; Sentido do Trabalho. Aposentadoria; Subjetividade.