bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of a novel continuous incision technique for laparoscopic transcystic choledocholithotomy
Authors: Otani Tetsuya , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Sato Daisuke , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Iwaya Akira , Kuwabara Shirou , Yamazaki Toshiyuki , Matsuzawa Natsumi , Saito Hideki , Katayanagi Norio
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel continuous incision technique for the cystic duct and the bile duct over the orifice for laparoscopic transcystic choledocholithotomy (LTCL).

Methods

LTCL was attempted in 103 consecutive patients from January 1998 to March 2015 and was successful in 96 patients. The cystic duct confluence was made by cutting upward from the orifice in 19 patients. The cystic duct was incised downward beyond the orifice to the bile duct in the other 77 patients. Both of these procedures involved LTCL.

Results

LTCL was successful in 96 patients. It failed in seven patients because of large bile duct stones (BDS), left lateral entry of the cystic duct, or the cystic duct's small diameter. The success rates of LTCL were 98% (47/48), 96% (42/44), and 64% (7/11) for patients with BDS <10 mm, 10–20 mm, and ≥20 mm, respectively. The success rate for removing BDS <20 mm was significantly higher than the removal rate for BDS ≥20 mm (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the incidences of complications associated with BDS ≥10 mm and with BDS <10 mm (P = 0.49). In those who underwent successful LTCL, complications occurred in 3 of 23 patients with failed preoperative duodenoscopic sphincterotomy and in 9 of the other 73 patients; the incidence of complications did not significantly differ between these groups (P = 0.93).

Conclusion

LTCL is safe and feasible for exploration of the bile duct and removal of BDS <20 mm.
Interdisciplinary pharmacometrics linking oseltamivir pharmacology, influenza epidemiology and health economics to inform antiviral use in pandemics
Authors: Kamal Mohamed A. , Smith Patrick F. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Wu David B. C. , Pratoomsoot Chayanin , Lee Kenneth K. C. , Chong Huey Yi , Nelson Richard E. , Nieforth Keith , Dall Georgina , Toovey Stephen , Kong David C. M. , Kamauu Aaron , Kirkpatrick Carl M. , Rayner Craig R.
Published: February 2017

Aims

A modular interdisciplinary platform was developed to investigate the economic impact of oseltamivir treatment by dosage regimen under simulated influenza pandemic scenarios.

Methods

The pharmacology module consisted of a pharmacokinetic distribution of oseltamivir carboxylate daily area under the concentration–time curve at steady state (simulated for 75 mg and 150 mg twice daily regimens for 5 days) and a pharmacodynamic distribution of viral shedding duration obtained from phase II influenza inoculation data. The epidemiological module comprised a susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model to which drug effect on the basic reproductive number (R0), a measure of transmissibility, was linked by reduction of viral shedding duration. The number of infected patients per population of 100 000 susceptible individuals was simulated for a series of pandemic scenarios, varying oseltamivir dose, R0 (1.9 vs. 2.7), and drug uptake (25%, 50%, and 80%). The number of infected patients for each scenario was entered into the health economics module, a decision analytic model populated with branch probabilities, disease utility, costs of hospitalized patients developing complications, and case‐fatality rates. Change in quality‐adjusted life years was determined relative to base case.

Results

Oseltamivir 75 mg relative to no treatment reduced the median number of infected patients, increased change in quality‐adjusted life years by deaths averted, and was cost‐saving under all scenarios; 150 mg relative to 75 mg was not cost effective in low transmissibility scenarios but was cost saving in high transmissibility scenarios.

Conclusion

This methodological study demonstrates proof of concept that the disciplines of pharmacology, disease epidemiology and health economics can be linked in a single quantitative framework.
Hypoalbuminaemia and decreased midazolam clearance in terminally ill adult patients, an inflammatory effect?
Authors: Franken Linda G. , Masman Anniek D. , de Winter Brenda C. M. , Baar Frans P. M. , Tibboel Dick , van Gelder Teun , Koch Birgit C. P. , Mathot Ron A. A.
Published: February 2017

Aims

Midazolam is the drug of choice for palliative sedation and is titrated to achieve the desired level of sedation. Because of large inter‐individual variability (IIV), however, the time it takes to achieve adequate sedation varies widely. It would therefore greatly improve clinical care if an individualized dose could be determined beforehand. To find clinically relevant parameters for dose individualization, we performed a pharmacokinetic study on midazolam, 1OH‐midazolam (1‐OH‐M) and 1OH‐midazolam‐glucuronide (1‐OH‐MG) in terminally ill patients.

Methods

Using nonlinear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM 7.2), a population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted with 192 samples from 45 terminally ill patients who received midazolam either orally or subcutaneously. The covariates analysed were patient characteristics, co‐medication and blood chemistry levels.

Results

The data were accurately described by a one compartment model for midazolam, 1‐OH‐M and 1‐OH‐MG. The population mean estimates for midazolam, 1‐OH‐M and 1‐OH‐MG clearance were 8.4 l h−1 (RSE 9%, IIV 49%), 45.4 l h−1 (RSE 12%, IIV 60.5%) and 5.1 l h−1 (RSE 11%, IIV 49.9%), respectively. 1‐OH‐MG clearance was correlated with the estimated glomular filtration rate (eGFR) explaining 28.4% of the IIV in 1‐OH‐MG clearance. In addition, low albumin levels were associated with decreased midazolam clearance, explaining 18.2% of the IIV.

Conclusion

Our study indicates albumin levels and eGFR as relevant clinical parameters to optimize midazolam dosing in terminally ill patients. The correlation between low albumin levels and decreased midazolam clearance is probably a result of inflammatory response as high CRP levels were correlated in a similar way.
The Impact of Acquiring EU Status on the Earnings of East European Migrants in the UK: Evidence from a Quasi‐Natural Experiment
Authors: Ruhs Martin
Published: February 2017

On 1 May 2004, 10 new states — including the ‘A8’ countries in Central and Eastern Europe — joined the European Union (EU). This article explores the impact of EU enlargement on A8 workers who were already working in the UK before 1 May 2004 — legally or illegally. More specifically, the article analyses the impact of the change in the legal (immigration) status that A8 workers experienced on 1 May 2004 on their earnings in the UK. The empirical analysis employs difference‐in‐difference estimation using data obtained from a relatively small but unique survey of migrant workers from four of the A8 countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lithuania) and two other East European countries (Ukraine and Bulgaria), carried out one month before and six to eight months after EU enlargement in May 2004. The results of this exploratory analysis suggest a statistically significant and positive impact of acquiring EU status on earnings. The data further indicate that, in part, this effect was brought about by A8 workers gaining the right to freely change jobs after EU enlargement. There is no evidence of a ‘legalization effect’ on earnings.
Broad spectrum efficacy with LY2969822, an oral prodrug of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747, in rodent pain models
Authors: Johnson Michael P , Muhlhauser Mark A , Nisenbaum Eric S , Simmons Rosa M A , Forster Beth M , Knopp Kelly L , Yang Lijuan , Morrow Denise , Li Dominic L , Kennedy Jeffrey D , Swanson Steven , Monn James A
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose

A body of evidence suggests activation of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors would be an effective analgesic in chronic pain conditions. Thus, the analgesic properties of a novel mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug were investigated.

Experimental Approach

After oral absorption, the prodrug LY2969822 rapidly converts to the brain penetrant, potent and subtype‐selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747. Behavioural assessments of allodynia, hyperalgesia and nocifensive behaviours were determined in preclinical pain models after administration of LY2969822 0.3–10 mg·kg−1. In addition, the ability of i.v. LY2934747 to modulate dorsal horn spinal cord wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats was assessed.

Key Results

Following treatment with LY2934747, the spontaneous activity and electrically‐evoked wind‐up of WDR neurons in rats that had undergone spinal nerve ligation and developed mechanical allodynia were suppressed. In a model of sensitization, orally administered LY2969822 prevented the nociceptive behaviours induced by an intraplantar injection of formalin. The on‐target nature of this effect was confirmed by blockade with an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist. LY2969822 prevented capsaicin‐induced tactile hypersensitivity, reversed the SNL‐induced tactile hypersensitivity and reversed complete Freund's adjuvant – induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug demonstrated efficacy in visceral pain models, including a colorectal distension model and partially prevented the nocifensive behaviours in the mouse acetic acid writhing model.

Conclusions and implications

Following oral administration of the prodrug LY2969822, the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747 was formed and this attenuated pain behaviours across a broad range of preclinical pain models.
Gender Differences in the Developmental Cascade From Harsh Parenting to Educational Attainment: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Hentges Rochelle F. , Wang Ming‐Te
Published: February 2017

This study utilized life history theory to test a developmental cascade model linking harsh parenting to low educational attainment. Multigroup models were examined to test for potential gender differences. The sample consisted of 1,482 adolescents followed up for 9 years starting in seventh grade (Mage = 12.74). Results supported indirect links between harsh parenting and low educational attainment through the development of extreme peer orientations, early sexual behavior, and delinquency. Among male adolescents, harsh parenting was related to the development of an extreme peer orientation, which further led to increased delinquency, and subsequently lower educational attainment. Among female adolescents, harsh parenting predicted extreme peer orientations, which increased both delinquency and early sexual behavior. Early sexual behavior further predicted lower educational attainment in female adolescents.
A Sustainability Agenda for Tropical Marine Science
Authors: Partelow Stefan , Schlüter Achim , von Wehrden Henrik , Jänig Manuel , Senff Paula
Published: February 2017

Tropical coasts face unprecedented sustainability challenges for advancing human welfare and maintaining ecosystem functioning and diversity. These coupled social–ecological processes exist within interdependent relationships across multiple levels and scales. Reflection is needed on the knowledge tropical marine science generates to advance a research agenda for sustainability. In this article we systematically review 753 social and natural science articles conducted within the tropical coastal marine sector. Our results are organized in five themes. (1) The spatial distribution and disciplinary composition of research is not homogeneous across regions. (2) A third of all research lacks a stated problem orientation and coral reefs dominate the ecosystem focus. (3) Research is primarily conducted on selected subgroups of levels and scales. (4) The social and natural sciences focus on a varying diversity of system processes that indicate different degrees of inter‐ and intradisciplinary research. (5) Statistically clustered terminology usage across all articles indicates that distinct research communities exist across a social to natural science gradient. The social and natural sciences generate different types of knowledge associated with terminology at different scales. This analysis attempts to provide a guidepost for discussing the challenges and pathways forward to progress a sustainability agenda in tropical marine science.
Acute physiological effects of glucocorticoids on fuel metabolism in humans are permissive but not direct
Authors: Stimson Roland H. , Anderson Anna J. , Ramage Lynne E. , Macfarlane David P. , de Beaux Andrew C. , Mole Damian J. , Andrew Ruth , Walker Brian R.
Published: February 2017

Background and aims

The effects of glucocorticoids on fuel metabolism are complex. Acute glucocorticoid excess promotes lipolysis but chronic glucocorticoid excess causes visceral fat accumulation. We hypothesized that interactions between cortisol and insulin and adrenaline account for these conflicting results. We tested the effect of cortisol on lipolysis and glucose production with and without insulin and adrenaline in humans both in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and methods

A total of 20 healthy men were randomized to low and high insulin groups (both n = 10). Subjects attended on 3 occasions and received low (c. 150 nM), medium (c. 400 nM) or high (c. 1400 nM) cortisol infusion in a randomized crossover design. Deuterated glucose and glycerol were infused intravenously along with a pancreatic clamp (somatostatin with replacement of glucagon, insulin and growth hormone) and adrenaline. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained for analysis. In parallel, the effect of cortisol on lipolysis was tested in paired primary cultures of human subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes.

Results

In vivo, high cortisol increased lipolysis only in the presence of high insulin and/or adrenaline but did not alter glucose kinetics. High cortisol increased adipose mRNA levels of ATGL, HSL and CGI‐58 and suppressed
G0S2. In vitro, high cortisol increased lipolysis in the presence of insulin in subcutaneous, but not visceral, adipocytes.

Conclusions

The acute lipolytic effects of cortisol require supraphysiological concentrations, are dependent on insulin and adrenaline and are observed only in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The resistance of visceral adipose tissue to cortisol's lipolytic effects may contribute to the central fat accumulation observed with chronic glucocorticoid excess.
Steering the Poverty‐Environment Nexus in Central Asia: A metagovernance analysis of the Poverty‐Environment Initiative (PEI)
Authors: Challe Sarah , Christopoulos Stamatios , Kull Michael , Meuleman Louis
Published: February 2017

The close and reciprocal ties between poverty and environmental degradation present significant potential for simultaneous improvement of the livelihood of the poorest along with increased opportunities and enhanced resilience of the environment and natural resources. By supporting governments and other stakeholders in designing and implementing development plans that tackle environmental and poverty concerns in a joint manner, the globally operatingUNDP‐UNEPPoverty‐Environment Initiative (PEI) addresses a major governance challenge for sustainable development (SD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in particular. Focusing on Central Asia, and specifically Tajikistan, a country outside the spotlight of studies concerned withSDgovernance mechanisms, and through the analysis ofPEIprogramme documents and stakeholders’ interviews, this article probes into the governance and governance co‐ordination (metagovernance) settings forSD. The article closes by presenting a set of recommendations to improve governance co‐ordination, while achieving more inclusive decision‐making and ultimately increasing the impact ofPEIon the society and the environment. Specifically, it argues for improved information policy and enhanced integration of endogenous knowledge. Furthermore, national and local development planning and private initiatives should be better linked, and the different levels of governance for poverty‐environment mainstreaming should be more coherent. The solutions discussed are of relevance for wider Central Asia and the global community engaged in moving theSDGs into the mainstream of governance and policy frameworks.
Correlation of platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Vakili Hossein , Shirazi Mahin , Charkhkar Mahsa , Khaheshi Isa , Memaryan Mehdi , Naderian Mohammadreza
Published: February 2017

Background

Impaired coronary artery reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction has been associated with postintervention adverse effects. Thus, finding an easily achievable index would be of great value to predict no‐reflow phenomenon. In this regard, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been introduced. In this study, we aimed to investigate correlation of PLR and NLR with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count.

Materials and methods

A total of 215 consecutive patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were recruited. Pre‐intervention laboratory tests were performed. Moreover, PLR and NLR were calculated for each patient. Ultimately, TIMI frame count was assessed subsequent to primary PCI for each patient.

Results

We found that both PLR and NLR are correlated with TIMI frame count (R: 0·372, P < 0·001 and R: 0·301, P < 0·001, respectively). Furthermore, it was revealed that both PLR and NLR are positively correlated with corrected TIMI frame count (R: 0·388, P < 0·001 and R: 0·290, P < 0·001, respectively).

Conclusions

PLR and NLR are two easily calculated and efficient indexes for predicting the no‐reflow phenomenon in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. Therefore, they might be employed in accurate risk stratification when a patient is a candidate for PPCI and in accurately referring patients who would benefit greatly from PPCI.
Physiological responses of Eucalyptus spp. hybrids to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata
Authors: Pimenta L. , Ferreira M. A. , Ribeiro P. M. , Zacaroni L. M. , Mafia R. G. , Resende M. L. V.
Published: February 2017

In Brazil, the selection and planting of eucalyptus clones resistant to Ceratocystis fimbriata is the pre‐eminent control strategy for the wilt pathogen. However, little is known about host defence responses associated with resistance of eucalyptus to C. fimbriata infection. In this work, enzymatic activity, sugars, lignin, total phenols and phenolic compounds involved in the defence response of eucalyptus clones resistant (RC) and susceptible (SC) to the Ceratocystis wilt were evaluated. Changes were detected in the sugars produced by RC clones, with higher concentrations occurring compared with SC. A similar response occurred with lignin content at 28 days after inoculation (dai) in RC plants. SC plants had an increase in polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities at 7 dai. In contrast, RC plants demonstrated high activity of the same enzymes at 2 and 4 dai, decreasing afterwards. There was no difference in phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity between resistant and susceptible clones. Hydroxycinnamic acid concentration was higher in RC than in SC; however, there was no difference between RC and SC in flavonoid concentrations. RC had high concentrations catechin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. Histochemical tests demonstrated the presence of phenolic compounds and lignin, at higher intensities, in xylem of RC plants. Inoculation with C. fimbriata induced defence responses in both resistant and susceptible eucalyptus clones, but both the intensity and speed of the responses were higher in RC. Alterations in the concentrations of sugars and lignin, as well as certain enzymes and phenolic compounds, could be used to predict the relative susceptibilities to Ceratocystis wilt of different phenotypes of eucalyptus clones.
Development of an implementation guide to facilitate the roll‐out of early intervention services for psychosis
Authors: Hetrick Sarah E. , O'Connor Denise A , Stavely Heather , Hughes Frank , Pennell Kerryn , Killackey Eoin , McGorry Patrick D.
Published: February 2017

Aim

Our aim was to develop an implementation guide that was informed by an analysis of context‐specific barriers and enablers, behaviour change theory, as well as evidence about the effects of implementation interventions, for the establishment and scaling up of an early intervention model for psychosis (called Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC)).

Methods

We used a systematic approach involving four steps. First, the target behaviours of the EPPIC model for implementation were specified. Second, a consultation was undertaken to explore the barriers and enablers to undertaking these priority minimum standard clinical behaviours. Third, an implementation strategy that included a range of behaviour change techniques tailored to address the identified barriers was developed. Finally, a tool to assess whether those implementing the EPPIC model maintained fidelity to the implementation strategy was designed.

Results

We identified a range of barriers that could act to dilute the core components of the EPPIC model and compromise its implementation. An implementation strategy using theory and evidence‐based strategies for behaviour change was designed to address these barriers.

Conclusions

The process we used in the development of the implementation strategy provided a unique opportunity to consider the essential areas to cover, how to make information easily understandable and accessible while noting the complexity of issues involved in not only implementation, but also the scaling up of the EPPIC model for services.
From Maxwell's equations to the theory of current‐source density analysis
Authors: Gratiy Sergey L. , Halnes Geir , Denman Daniel , Hawrylycz Michael J. , Koch Christof , Einevoll Gaute T. , Anastassiou Costas A.
Published: February 2017

Despite the widespread use of current‐source density (CSD) analysis of extracellular potential recordings in the brain, the physical mechanisms responsible for the generation of the signal are still debated. While the extracellular potential is thought to be exclusively generated by the transmembrane currents, recent studies suggest that extracellular diffusive, advective and displacement currents—traditionally neglected—may also contribute considerably toward extracellular potential recordings. Here, we first justify the application of the electro‐quasistatic approximation of Maxwell's equations to describe the electromagnetic field of physiological origin. Subsequently, we perform spatial averaging of currents in neural tissue to arrive at the notion of the CSD and derive an equation relating it to the extracellular potential. We show that, in general, the extracellular potential is determined by the CSD of membrane currents as well as the gradients of the putative extracellular diffusion current. The diffusion current can contribute significantly to the extracellular potential at frequencies less than a few Hertz; in which case it must be subtracted to obtain correct CSD estimates. We also show that the advective and displacement currents in the extracellular space are negligible for physiological frequencies while, within cellular membrane, displacement current contributes toward the CSD as a capacitive current. Taken together, these findings elucidate the relationship between electric currents and the extracellular potential in brain tissue and form the necessary foundation for the analysis of extracellular recordings.
Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) on fruits of Cucurbita
Authors: Massimino Cocuzza G. E. , Barbagallo S.
Published: February 2017

Infestations of Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach) have been detected in recent years on squash in Sicily, Italy. Taxonomic and biological notes are given on this aphid. The epidemiology of D. crataegi on squash as well as a description of the damage observed and possible control measures are briefly described.
Changes in diet associated with cancer: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Thomas Frédéric , Rome Sophie , Mery Frédéric , Dawson Erika , Montagne Jacques , Biro Peter A. , Beckmann Christa , Renaud François , Poulin Robert , Raymond Michel , Ujvari Beata
Published: February 2017

Changes in diet are frequently correlated with the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors (i.e., cancer) in both humans and other animals, but an integrated conceptual framework to interpret these changes still needs to be developed. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on dietary changes in tumor‐bearing individuals by adapting concepts from parasitology. Dietary changes may occur alongside tumor progression for several reasons: (i) as a pathological side effect with no adaptive value, (ii) as the result of self‐medication by the host to eradicate the tumor and/or to slow down its progression, (iii) as a result of host manipulation by the tumor that benefits its progression, and finally (iv) as a host tolerance strategy, to alleviate and repair damages caused by tumor progression. Surprisingly, this tolerance strategy can be beneficial for the host even if diet changes are beneficial to tumor progression, provided that cancer‐induced death occurs sufficiently late (i.e., when natural selection is weak). We argue that more data and a unifying evolutionary framework, especially during the early stages of tumorigenesis, are needed to understand the links between changes in diet and tumor progression. We argue that a focus on dietary changes accompanying tumor progression can offer novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer.
Effect of type of underlay film on fermentation profile, nutritional quality and estimated loss of organic matter in the outer layer of whole‐plant maize ensiled in large bunker silos
Authors: Wang K. , Uriarte M. E. , Li S. C. , Rich K. , Banchero C. , Bu D. P. , Wilkinson J. M. , Bolsen K. K.
Published: February 2017

Losses of organic matter in the outer layers of bunker silos covered with conventional polyethylene (PE) plastic can be substantial due to oxygen transmission through the plastic top‐covering film during the post‐ensiling storage period. The effect of two silo covering materials, oxygen barrier (OB) film (45 μm thickness) and clear PE film (50 μm thickness), as underlays to a white‐on‐black PE plastic top cover (120 μm thickness), was assessed in the outer layer of whole‐plant maize silage stored in three large bunker silos in the People's Republic of China. Samples of the crop at harvest and of silage from the upper 45 cm layer at 5 months post‐ensiling, prior to removal of silage for feed‐out, were analysed for DM, fermentation profile and chemical composition. Loss of OM was estimated from concentrations of ash in the crop at harvest and in the silage. Differences between underlay films in silage fermentation profile were small. Silage protected with OB underlay film had higher mean concentration of starch (p < .008) and higher mean NDF digestibility (p < .003) than silage under PE underlay film. Concentrations of ash were lower (p < .001) for silage covered with OB film than for PE film in all three trials. Mean estimated losses of OM were 170 g/kg for OB underlay film and 232 g/kg for PE underlay film (p < .001), and whole‐silo estimated net economic benefits to OB underlay film ranged from 0.17 to 0.74 US $ per tonne fresh crop ensiled.
Prognostic significance of CD9 expression differs between tumour cells and stromal immune cells, and depends on the molecular subtype of the invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Kwon Hee Jung , Choi Jung Eun , Kang Su Hwan , Son Youlim , Bae Young Kyung
Published: February 2017

Aims

CD9, a tetraspanin transmembrane protein, modulates cell motility, migration, and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of CD9 expression in patients with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC).

Methods and results

CD9 expression was evaluated in tissue microarrays of 1349 IBC samples via immunohistochemistry. CD9 expression in tumour cells (T‐CD9 expression) and CD9 expression in stromal immune cells (S‐CD9 expression) were analysed separately. T‐CD9 expression was observed in 732 (54.3%) cases, and was associated with lymph node metastasis, histological type, lymphovascular invasion, high histological grade, HER2 positivity, a high Ki67 labelling index, and distant metastasis. S‐CD9 expression was observed in 833 (61.7%) cases, and was associated with large tumour size, histological type, high histological grade, negative hormone receptors, HER2 positivity, a high Ki67 labelling index, and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients with T‐CD9 expression had shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) than those without T‐CD9 expression in the univariate and multivariate analyses. However, S‐CD9 expression correlated significantly with a favourable DFS in the univariate and multivariate analyses. In the subgroup analysis, T‐CD9 expression and S‐CD9 expression were independent markers for DFS in luminal A and luminal B (HER2‐negative) subgroups, respectively.

Conclusions

T‐CD9 expression could be a biomarker for poor prognosis in luminal A IBC, whereas S‐CD9 expression could be a marker of good prognosis in luminal B (HER2‐negative) IBC. Therefore, tumour compartment‐specific analyses considering molecular subtypes are necessary to study the prognostic significance of CD9 expression in IBC.
Nursing handovers: An integrative review of the different models and processes available
Authors: Bakon Shannon , Wirihana Lisa , Christensen Martin , Craft Judy
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to explore the different handover models and processes available and their efficacy in improving handover communication within nursing practice. The handover of information is a key nursing responsibility that ensures patient outcomes through continuity of care. This process is widely recognised as an opening for error that may comprise patient safety. This paper is an integrative literature review that employed an inductive exploratory design. A computerised database search was employed including CINAHL, PubMed and Science Direct and a manual citation search with included papers limited to papers published 2005–2016, in English with full text freely available. This included a systematic search strategy, a critical appraisal of the papers utilising the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, an inductive data extraction and thematic analysis. Sixteen papers were included in this review. The results detailed that there are various handover models in use, yet there is no evidence that any one model displays superior efficacy. The iSoBAR model and its adaptations remain the only model employed across various specialties. More research is warranted to determine if any handover model displays superior efficacy or transferability.
Development of simulation‐based learning programme for improving adherence to time‐out protocol on high‐risk invasive procedures outside of operating room
Authors: Jeong Eun Ju , Chung Hyun Soo , Choi Jeong Yun , Kim In Sook , Hong Seong Hee , Yoo Kyung Sook , Kim Mi Kyoung , Won Mi Yeol , Eum So Yeon , Cho Young Soon
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to develop a simulation‐based time‐out learning programme targeted to nurses participating in high‐risk invasive procedures and to figure out the effects of application of the new programme on acceptance of nurses. This study was performed using a simulation‐based learning predesign and postdesign to figure out the effects of implementation of this programme. It was targeted to 48 registered nurses working in the general ward and the emergency department in a tertiary teaching hospital. Difference between acceptance and performance rates has been figured out by using mean, standard deviation, and Wilcoxon‐signed rank test. The perception survey and score sheet have been validated through content validation index, and the reliability of evaluator has been verified by using intraclass correlation coefficient. Results showed high level of acceptance of high‐risk invasive procedure (P<.01). Further, improvement was consistent regardless of clinical experience, workplace, or experience in simulation‐based learning. The face validity of the programme showed over 4.0 out of 5.0. This simulation‐based learning programme was effective in improving the recognition of time‐out protocol and has given the participants the opportunity to become proactive in cases of high‐risk invasive procedures performed outside of operating room.
Self‐determined motivation and exercise behaviour in COPD patients
Authors: Cho Hui‐Ling , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Lin Ming‐Shian , Hsu Wan‐Chun , Lee Chi‐Pin
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self‐determined motivation predictors of exercise behaviour following pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD recipients. This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 135 COPD patients. A demographic questionnaire, clinical factors, behavioural regulations in exercise questionnaire, and leisure time exercise questionnaire were used to collect data. A logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors associated with demographics and self‐determined motivation types regarding physical activity. Education level, episodes of acute exacerbation within 2 years, and identified regulation were significant predictors of executing physical activities with high metabolic equivalents. The results of this study imply that healthcare providers need to be aware of the importance of exercise motivation among COPD patients.
Effects of foot massage applied in two different methods on symptom control in colorectal cancer patients: Randomised control trial
Authors: Uysal Neşe , Kutlutürkan Sevinç , Uğur Işıl
Published: February 2017

This randomized controlled clinical study aimed to determine the effect of 2 foot massage methods on symptom control in people with colorectal cancer who received chemoradiotherapy. Data were collected between June 16, 2015, and February 10, 2016, in the Department of Radiation Oncology of an oncology training and research hospital. The sample comprised 60 participants. Data were collected using an introductory information form, common terminology criteria for adverse events and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and CR29. Participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: classical foot massage, reflexology, and standard care control. The classical massage group received foot massage using classical massage techniques, and the reflexology group received foot reflexology focusing on symptom‐oriented reflexes twice a week during a 5‐week chemoradiotherapy treatment schedule. The control group received neither classical massage nor reflexology. All patients were provided with the same clinic routine care. The classical massage was effective in reducing pain level and distension incidence while foot reflexology was effective in reducing pain and fatigue level, lowering incidence of distension and urinary frequency and improving life quality.
Integrated Emotion Processing in Infancy: Matching of Faces and Bodies
Authors: Hock Alyson , Oberst Leah , Jubran Rachel , White Hannah , Heck Alison , Bhatt Ramesh S.
Published: February 2017

Accurate assessment of emotion requires the coordination of information from different sources such as faces, bodies, and voices. Adults readily integrate facial and bodily emotions. However, not much is known about the developmental origin of this capacity. Using a familiarization paired‐comparison procedure, 6.5‐month‐olds in the current experiments were familiarized to happy, angry, or sad emotions in faces or bodies and tested with the opposite image type portraying the familiar emotion paired with a novel emotion. Infants looked longer at the familiar emotion across faces and bodies (except when familiarized to angry images and tested on the happy/angry contrast). This matching occurred not only for emotions from different affective categories (happy, angry) but also within the negative affective category (angry, sad). Thus, 6.5‐month‐olds, like adults, integrate emotions from bodies and faces in a fairly sophisticated manner, suggesting rapid development of emotion processing early in life.
Climate determinants of breeding and wintering ranges of lesser kestrels in Italy and predicted impacts of climate change
Authors: Morganti Michelangelo , Preatoni Damiano , Sarà Maurizio
Published: February 2017

Climate warming would theoretically create conditions for the breeding range expansion of pseudo‐steppe Mediterranean and long‐distance migrant species and provide the possibility for these to overwinter in the same breeding areas. However, contemporary changes in rainfall regimes might have negative effects on the climate suitability and in turn, shrink species potential range. The lesser kestrel Falco naumanni is highly sensitive to rainfall oscillations and has recently extended its Italian breeding range towards northern latitudes and increasing its wintering records. We modelled the effects of temperature and rainfall on current and future climate suitability for lesser kestrels in both the breeding and wintering periods by using MaxEnt. Models were based on the distribution of 298 colonies and 40 wintering records. Future climate suitability was assessed under eight different scenarios.

Spring rainfall amount resulted as the main determinant of breeding climate suitability, so its predicted reduction will determine a shrinkage in suitable areas (–42.10% in 2050; –32.07% in 2070). Specifically, the 66.05% of Italian colonies will be outside the climatically suitable area by 2050. However wide areas, suitable under current climate conditions, are still not occupied by lesser kestrel and allow the potential expansion of its Italian breeding range in the short term. Temperature seasonality mainly determined the species’ winter climate suitability, which is overall predicted to boost in the next decades (+145.03% in 2050; and +123.91% in 2070). All but one future scenarios predicted a northward shift of about 40 km for both breeding and wintering climate suitability. Despite its recent expansion, we have found that climate change will pose conservation concerns for the Italian breeding population of lesser kestrels. Indeed, changes in non‐climate factors will also outline the future suitability of the Italian range for lesser kestrels in both seasons with effects that might both strengthen or mitigate climate effects.
End‐stage renal disease and adherence to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers among patients with diabetes
Authors: Shani Michal , Vinker Shlomo , Feldman Leonid
Published: February 2017

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have become standards of care for diabetic nephropathy. The authors assessed the association between treatment adherence to ACEIs and ARBs and the development of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The cohort comprised the 9895 members of the Central District of Clalit Health Services aged 40 to 70 years, diagnosed with diabetes before 2002, who filled at least four ACEI or ARB monthly prescriptions during 2002–2011. Forty‐six percent of patients made 10 or more purchases a year. Hazard ratios for ESRD development and death decreased as adherence increased, with no evidence of a cutoff threshold or plateau. For both outcomes, hazard ratios were significantly lower among patients who purchased at least 10 monthly prescriptions (83% adherence), after adjusting for age, sex, and a number of clinically relevant factors. While ACEIs/ARBs have become standards of care in diabetes, treatment adherence is essential to achieve full benefit.
Adiponectin promotes human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell chemotaxis via CXCL1 and CXCL8
Authors: Pu Yinfei , Wang Mengke , Hong Yingying , Wu Yuwei , Tang Zhihui
Published: February 2017

Adiponectin (APN) is known to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h‐JBMMSCs). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Previously, we showed that APN could promote h‐JBMMSC osteogenesis via APPL1‐p38 by up‐regulating osteogenesis‐related genes. Here, we aimed to determine whether APN could promote h‐JBMMSC chemotaxis through CXCL1/CXCL8. The CCK‐8, wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation, migration and chemotaxis of h‐JBMMSCs with or without APN treatment. Chemotaxis‐related genes were screened using RNA‐seq, and the results were validated using real‐time PCR and ELISA. We also performed Western blot using the AMPK inhibitor, WZ4003, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, to identify the signalling pathway involved. We found that APN could promote h‐JBMMSC chemotaxis in the co‐culture transwell system. CXCL1 and CXCL8 were screened and confirmed as the up‐regulated target genes. The APN‐induced CXCL1/8 up‐regulation to promote chemotaxis could be blocked by CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002. Western blot revealed that the phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK increased in a time‐dependent manner with APN treatment. Additionally, WZ4003 and SB203580 could suppress the APN‐induced overexpression of CXCL1 and CXCL8. The results of the transwell chemotaxis assay also supported the above results. Our data suggest that APN can promote h‐JBMMSC chemotaxis by up‐regulating CXCL1 and CXCL8.
Diabetes management and daily functioning burden of non‐severe hypoglycemia in Japanese people treated with insulin
Authors: Ohashi Yasuo , Wolden Michael L , Hyllested‐Winge Jacob , Brod Meryl
Published: February 2017

Aims/Introduction

The present study investigated the impact of non‐severe hypoglycemic events (NSHE) on patients’ diabetes management, daily functioning and well‐being.

Materials and Methods

A survey assessing the impact of NSHEs was completed by insulin‐treated Japanese people with diabetes, aged ≥20 years with self‐reported diabetes, who had experienced at least one NSHE in the past 3 months. Survey questions captured reasons for and the length of the event, and impacts on diabetes management, daily functioning, sleep and well‐being.

Results

A total of 3,145 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus were screened, of which 411 respondents were eligible. Increased glucose monitoring was reported by 57 and 54% of respondents after daytime and night‐time NSHE, respectively. The average number of additional glucose monitoring tests was 2.4 and 3.0 for daytime and night‐time NSHE. Among all respondents, 19% (daytime) and 16% (night‐time) changed their insulin dose after an NSHE. After a daytime NSHE, 25% of respondents reported a negative impact on their daily activities or work. After a night‐time NSHE, 34 and 23% of respondents reported a negative impact on sleep and next day emotional state, respectively.

Conclusions

NSHEs have a negative impact on the diabetes management, daily functioning, sleep and well‐being of Japanese patients.
Quality assessment of palliative home care in Italy
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Gianlorenzo , Lovaglio Pietro Giorgio , Limonta Fabrizio , Floriani Maddalena , Pellegrini Giacomo
Published: February 2017

Rationale

The complexity of end‐of‐life care, represented by a large number of units caring for dying patients, of different types of organizations motivates the importance of measure the quality of provided care. Despite the law 38/2010 promulgated to remove the barriers and provide affordable access to palliative care, measurement, and monitoring of processes of home care providers in Italy has not been attempted.

Aims and objectives

Using data drawn by an institutional voluntary observatory established in Italy in 2013, collecting home palliative care units caring for people between January and December 2013, we assess the degree to which Italian home palliative care teams endorse a set of standards required by the 38/2010 law and best practices as emerged from the literature.

Methods

The evaluation strategy is based on Rasch analysis, allowing to objectively measuring both performances of facilities and quality indicators' difficulty on the same metric, using 14 quality indicators identified by the observatory's steering committee.

Results

Globally, 195 home care teams were registered in the observatory reporting globally 40 955 cured patients in 2013 representing 66% of the population of home palliative care units active in Italy in 2013.

Rasch analysis identifies 5 indicators (“interview” with caregivers, continuous training provided to medical and nursing staff, provision of specialized multidisciplinary interventions, psychological support to the patient and family, and drug supply at home) easy to endorse by health care providers and 3 problematic indicators (presence of a formally established Local Network of Palliative care in the area of reference, provision of the care for most problematic patient requiring high intensity of the care, and the percentage of cancer patient dying at Home).

Conclusions

The lack of Local Network of Palliative care, required by law 38/2010, is, at the present, the main barrier to its application. However, the adopted methodology suggests that a clear roadmap for health facilities to afford future quality and normative challenges.
Activity of paracin C from lactic acid bacteria against Alicyclobacillus in apple juice: Application of a novelty bacteriocin
Authors: Pei Jinjin , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong , Dai Lu
Published: February 2017

One of the common bacteria to cause spoiling of fruit juices, is Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Control of A. acidoterrestris in apple juice by paracin C, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus paracasei CICC 20241, has been described in the present work. The spectrum of paracin C activity was investigated which resulted in identification of seventeen strains of A. acidoterrestris as sensitive. Bacteriocin absorption to different A. acidoterrestris resulted in variations based on differences in strain and testing environments Increase in absorption was observed with increasing temperature while it decreased with increasing pH. Presence of NaCl (1%) propelled the absorption of bacteriocin while Tween 20 and Tween 80 reduced the absorption. Results of electron microscopy examination clearly pointed out extensive cell damage and destruction of bacteria on treatment with bacteriocin. Although the endospores cannot be killed by paracin C in apple juice, upon addition of this bacterioicin, reduction in the thermal resistance of A. acidoterrestris spores was clearly observed. There was no unpalatable favor when the addition of paracin C was less than 100 μg/ml.

Practical uses–actual or potential–of the research

One of the common bacteria to cause spoiling of fruit juices, is Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. The heat resistance capacity in its spores is very high and the normally pasteurization in industry may not be able to kill all the spores. This situation calls for development of an effective method to control the germination and outgrowth of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and it is an urgent need in the beverage industries. Traditional chemical preservatives may be harmful to health if used in over‐dose or in long‐time use. Paracin C produced by Lactobacillus paracasei CICC 20241 is a safe and efficient bacteriocin active against A. acidoterrestris. It is able to inhibit and kill the cells of A. acidoterrestris present in apple juice and has a broad activity spectrum. These factors along with other characterization made it a promising potential preservative in apple juice industrial.