bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 and the role of fomite transmission: a systematic review
Authors: Onakpoya Igho J. , Heneghan Carl J. , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Brassey Jon , Plüddemann Annette , Evans David H. , Conly John M. , Jefferson Tom
Published: June 2021

Background:SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in fomites which suggests the virus could be transmitted via inanimate objects. However, there is uncertainty about the mechanistic pathway for such transmissions. Our objective was to identify, appraise and summarise the evidence from primary studies and systematic reviews assessing the role of fomites in transmission. 

Methods:This review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO Covid-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on five criteria and report important findings on an ongoing basis.

Results:We found 64 studies: 63 primary studies and one systematic review (n=35). The settings for primary studies were predominantly in hospitals (69.8%) including general wards, ICU and SARS-CoV-2 isolation wards. There were variations in the study designs including timing of sample collection, hygiene procedures, ventilation settings and cycle threshold. The overall quality of reporting was low to moderate. The frequency of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests across 51 studies (using RT-PCR) ranged from 0.5% to 75%. Cycle threshold values ranged from 20.8 to 44.1. Viral concentrations were reported in 17 studies; however, discrepancies in the methods for estimation prevented comparison. Eleven studies (17.5%) attempted viral culture, but none found a cytopathic effect. Results of the systematic review showed that healthcare settings were most frequently tested (25/35, 71.4%), but laboratories reported the highest frequency of contaminated surfaces (20.5%, 17/83). 

Conclusions:The majority of studies report identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on inanimate surfaces; however, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the recovery of viable virus. Lack of positive viral cultures suggests that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through fomites is low. Heterogeneity in study designs and methodology prevents comparisons of findings across studies. Standardized guidelines for conducting and reporting research on fomite transmission is warranted.
Case Report: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during COVID-19 outbreak: the importance of scoring system in differentiating with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Wardhani Louisa Fadjri Kusuma , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Suwanto Denny , Ardiana Meity
Published: June 2021

Background: COVID-19 disease is accompanied by derangement of coagulation with a risk of fatal thromboembolic formation. COVID-19 patients are among those indicative for heparin treatment. Increased heparin administration among COVID-19 patients increased heparin induced-thrombocytopenia's risk with/without thrombocytopenia.

Case presentation: We present a 71-year-old male patient who came to the emergency department (ED) with a COVID-19 clinical manifestation that PCR nasopharyngeal swab confirmed. He was assessed to have acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as shown by rapid progression of hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary infiltrate. He was then treated with moxifloxacin, remdesivir, dexamethasone, heparin pump, and multivitamins. During admission, his respiratory symptoms got worse, so he transferred to the ICU for NIV support. On the ninth day of admission, he had gross hematuria followed by a rapid fall of platelet count. We used two different scoring systems (4Ts and HEP scoring system) to confirm the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Following the discontinuation of heparin injection, the thrombocyte continued to rise, and hematuria disappeared.

Conclusion: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality among COVID-19 patients. The differential diagnosis of HIT could be difficult among COVID-19 patients as thrombocytopenia can also be caused by infection progression. We use two scoring systems, 4Ts and HEP scoring, that can help us to manage the patient. With good management, we can avoid patient morbidity and mortality.
Singing and music making: physiological responses across early to later stages of dementia
Authors: Walker Nina , Crutch Sebastian J. , West Julian , Jones Fergal W. , Brotherhood Emilie V. , Harding Emma , Camic Paul M.
Published: June 2021

Background: Music based interventions have been found to improve the wellbeing of people living with dementia. More recently there has been interest in physiological measures to provide additional information about how music and singing impact this population.

Methods: This multiple-case study design explored physiological responses (heart rate-HR, electrodermal activity-EDA, movement, and skin temperature-ST) of nine people with mild-to-moderate dementia during a singing group, and six people in the later stages of dementia during an interactive music group. The interactive music group was also video recorded to provide information about engagement. Data were analysed using simulation modelling analysis.            

Results: The singing group showed an increase in EDA (p < 0.01 for 8/9 participants) and HR (p < 0.01 for 5/9 participants) as the session began. HR (p < 0.0001 for 5/9 participants) and ST (p < 0.0001 for 6/9 participants) increased during faster paced songs. EDA (p < 0.01 all), movement (p < 0.01 for 8/9 participants) and engagement were higher during an interactive music group compared to a control session (music listening). EDA (p < 0.0001 for 14/18 participants) and ST (p < 0.001 for 10/18 participants) increased and in contrast to the responses during singing, HR decreased as the sessions began (p < 0.002 for 9/18 participants). EDA was higher during slower music (p < 0.0001 for 13/18 participants), however this was less consistent in more interactive sessions than the control. There were no consistent changes in HR and movement responses during different styles of music.  

Conclusions: Physiological measures may provide valuable information about the experiences of people with dementia participating in arts and other activities, particularly for those with verbal communication difficulties. Future research should consider using physiological measures with video-analysis and observational measures to explore further how engagement in specific activities, wellbeing and physiology interact.
Parasitic isopods on some marine fishes caught from the coasts of Sinop in the Black Sea, Turkey
Authors: Okkay Sevilay , Özer Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Marine fish species such as grey wrasse Symphodus cinereus, common sole Solea solea, knout goby Mesogobius batrachocephalus and rusty blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus were studied for their parasitic isopods on the Sinop coast of the Black Sea. Two cymothoid species (Nerocila bivittata and Nerocila orbignyi) were identified. Nerocila bivittata was found on the body surface and fins of grey wrasse, common sole, knout goby, and N. orbignyi on the dorsal fin of rusty blenny. The prevalence and mean intensity values of each parasite species on fishes were calculated. Fish species mentioned above were all new hosts for N. bivittata and N. orbignyi in the Turkish coast of the Black sea.
Effect of mobile phase buffer pH on separation selectivity of some isoquinoline alkaloids in reversed-phase systems of Pressuriz
Authors: Kopciał Ewelina , Polak Beata , Pietraś Rafał , Mączka Paulina , Dzido Tadeusz H.
Published: June 2021

Separation of some isoquinoline alkaloids (narcotine, chelidonine, dihydrocodeine, cinchonine, berberine, cinchonidine, papaverine, apomorphine) has been investigated with pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) in reversed-phase systems. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and aqueous buffer (disodium phosphate and citric acid). The influence of the mobile phase buffer pH on migration distance (PPEC) and retardation factor (HPTLC) of the solutes has been investigated and compared. The results show different separation selectivity in both PPEC and HPTLC systems especially at pH range of buffer solution of the mobile phase that facilitates ionization of the solutes investigated.
Quantitative analysis of biofilm formation by oropharyngeal Candida albicans isolates under static conditions by confocal
Authors: Chudzik-Rząd Beata , Malm Anna , Piersiak Tomasz , Gawron Antoni
Published: June 2021

Candida albicans may colonize natural or artificial surfaces, leading to formation of the biofilm. Infections associated with the biofilm formation are important therapeutic problem. In this paper, we present data concerning the biofilm formation under static conditions by oropharyngeal isolates of C. albicans on a glass surface using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The areal parameters describing the architecture of biofilm and its development, i.e. the areal porosity, the length of edge line, the length of skeleton line, were calculated. The changes in values of these parameters during the biofilm formation by C. albicans were similar for biofilm consisting of only blastospores as well as the biofilm consisting of blastospores and filamentous elements (hyphae or/and pseudohyphae). However, the thickness of C. albicans biofilm consisting of blastospores and filamentous elements was much higher than that consisting of only blastospores. The heterogeneity may be regarded as an important feature of the yeast biofilm including C. albicans.
Gelatinase activities and TIMP-2 serum level in alcohol cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Mądro Agnieszka , Kurzepa Joanna , Czechowska Grażyna , Słomka Maria , Celiński Krzysztof , Kurzepa Jacek
Published: June 2021

There are some divergent data concerning the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Our objective was to evaluate the activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 serum levels in patients with AC and CP. Twenty-one patients with diagnosis of AC and twenty-two with CP admitted to the outpatient clinic for a control visit were enrolled. All results were compared with age and sex-matched control group (n=19). The sera obtained from venous blood were stored at -70°C for further analysis. Activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated with gelatin zymography, TIMP-2 serum level was analyzed with the usage of ELISA method. A significant decrease of serum MMP-2 activity was noted in sera of AC and CP patients in comparison with control. Activity of MMP-9 was elevated only in CP patients and TIMP-2 serum level was elevated only in AC patients. Decreased activity of MMP-2 in AC patients can contribute to cirrhosis development. The high level of MMP-9 in serum related to CP patients theoretically can exacerbate the inflammatory process within the pancreas.
Determination of coumarins from aerial part of two Artemisia species
Authors: Berger Marcin , Szymańska Jolanta
Published: June 2021

The methanolic and methanolic-water extracts were received from a blooming aerial part (herb) of two species: Artemisia gmelinii Webb ex Stechmann and Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. Two methods were used for extracting the plant material: Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Soxhlet Extraction. The analysis of samples was performed by the HPLC-DAD method. All obtained extracts were subjected to the process of the solid phase extraction. Samples for HPLC-DAD analysis were purified using C-18 (Octadecyl, 500 mg) Baker Bond (J.T. Baker, USA) SPE-micro-columns. The quantitative indications of individual constituents (coumarins) were converted into the content of scopoletin.
Reimplantation of avulsed maxillary central incisors – case report of an 8-year follow-up
Authors: Berger Marcin , Szymańska Jolanta
Published: June 2021

Dental trauma is very common, especially in children and adolescents. Tooth avulsion (exarticulation), which is a result of complete rupture of periodontal ligaments is one of the most severe dental injuries. The treatment of choice in avulsion of permanent teeth is reimplantation. Survival of reimplanted teeth depends greatly on the time and conditions in which teeth were stored outside the oral cavity. This report presents a case of 18-year old male with avulsion of central maxillary incisors. The teeth were reimplanted 14 hours after injury. During 8-year follow up no major complications occurred and the teeth still maintain their function, although signs of mild replacement resorption are visible on the follow-up radiographs.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines – an alternative in the fight against pain in the opinion of medical uni versity students
Authors: Krzych-Fałta Edyta , Samoliński Bolesław
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was an attempt to answer the question whether, in the opinion of the students of the Medical University of Warsaw, it is justifiable and necessary to use the so-called over-the-counter medicines. The subjects in the study included a homogeneous group of 102 people aged 20-24 years living in urban areas. The method used in the study was a survey questionnaire, which was filled out by each individual subject. There are definitely more subjects (76%) who, in case of pain, do not take OTC medicines. A very small percentage of respondents read the leaflet that comes with the medicine and 63% of them are of the opinion that medicines available over the counter are safe. More than a half of the respondents (79%) say that they take non-prescription medicines more often because of their easier availability (e.g. at grocery shops or petrol stations).
Tools for a correct design and quality assessment of pragmatic randomizedcon trolled trials: PRECIS, PR-tool and Prag mascope tool
Authors: Kaczyński Łukasz , Solnica Bogdan
Published: June 2021

Identification of scientific data in the systematic reviews required for the rational decisions on health policy is an important tool in determining the validity of the financing of treatment from public funds based on the health technology assessment (HTA). The primary source of scientific medical evidence are randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but their features markedly reduce the possibility of the transfer of the results to the routine practice. In this situation an important role begin to play pragmatic randomized controlled trials (pRCTs), providing highly reliable information about drug effectiveness in contrast to observational studies or registries. Here, we described three suitable universal tools, which can be used during the designing or evaluation of reliability of pRCTs: PRECIS, PR-tool and Pragmascope tool.
Chromatographic separation of oleanolic, ursolic and betulinic acid in plant extracts on amiopropyl silica using aqueous mobile phases
Authors: Rokicka Kamila , Wójciak-Kosior Magdalena , Sowa Ireneusz , Tylus Jolanta , Zapała Karolina
Published: June 2021

Triterpenic acids are important group of plant secondary metabolites, which affect the biological activity of many medicinal plants and herbs. In the present paper, the applicability of aminopropyl silica using aqueous mobile phases for the separation of oleanolic, ursolic and betulinic acid was investigated. The mixtures of water with: acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran in various ratios, were tested as eluents. The best results were obtained for mixture of water in acetone (10:90, v/v) with addition of 0.05% ammonia solution. The chromatographic system was used for qualitative analysis of triterpenic acids in Salvia officinalis L., Origanum vulgare L. and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill.
Comparison of agarose gel and capillary electro phoresis for the characterization of serum monoclonal paraproteins
Authors: Korpysz Maciej , Malecha-Jędraszek Arleta , Donica Helena
Published: June 2021

Serum protein electrophoresis is an especially useful method to detect and semi-quantify monoclonal proteins in patients with multiple myeloma and other plasmocyte dyscrasias. The presence of monoclonal protein (M protein) in electrophoretic separation is indicated by a sharp spike in gamma-globulin fraction that is sometimes located in alpha-2-globulins and beta-globulins.
Semi-quantification of M protein is a basic method to monitor therapy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). The purpose of the study was to compare concentrations of M protein obtained by agarose gel (AGE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and to evaluate diagnostic usefulness of both electrophoretic techniques for the identification of M protein. The investigations were carried out in the group of 90 patients with monoclonal gammopathies, 42 females and 48 males aged 65±9 years. Patients with monoclonal gammopathies had lower concentrations of monoclonal proteins determined by AGE in comparison to CE. High positive correlation between the results of monoclonal protein concentrations obtained by AGE and CE was observed. Both AGE and CE seem to be equally useful diagnostically in the detection of paraproteins.
The origin of the deep circum flexiliac artery in relation to the inguinal ligament in various period of human life
Authors: Klepacki Mariusz , Cendrowska-Pinkosz Monika , Hermanowicz-Dryka Teresa , Dworzański Wojciech , Madej-Czerwonka Barbara , Burdan Franciszek
Published: June 2021

Morphology of the external iliac artery and its branches express great anatomical variation in humans. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of origin of the deep circumflex iliac artery in relation to the inguinal ligament at various stages of human life. The study was conducted on 220 non-fixed cadavers of both sexes including 110 male and 110 female bodies at the age of 7 months of
intrauterine life to 82 years. Examined corpses showed no pathological abnormalities within pelvis. Three variations of the origin of deep circumflex iliac artery were observed: above, at the level, and below the inguinal ligament. In males aged up to 20 years of age the deep circumflex iliac artery mostly arose above the ligament whereas in individuals over 20 years of age the deep circumflex iliac
artery branched off below the ligament (47%). In females younger than 20 years, the artery originated mostly at the level (54%), while in older persons it originated below the ligament (57%). Variations of the origin of deep circumflex iliac artery showed no significant differences depending on the side of the body. In conclusion, the origin of the deep circumflex iliac artery differs thought
the prenatal and postnatal life in both sexes. However, in adults it is usually located below the inguinal ligament.
Blood serum Vitamin D status evaluated in healthy people
Authors: Lewandowski Tomasz , Kałan Maria , Donica Helena
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the status of vitamin D in healthy subjects. Vitamin D level was determined on the basis of blood serum 25(OH)D concentrations, taking into account the time of blood collection and age. Moreover, it was to find correlations between serum concentrations of: 25(OH)D, calcium, inorganic phosphates and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The randomized study was carried out on a group of 40 healthy subjects. Each person had venous blood samples drawn twice: from 6 March, 2012 to 15 March, 2012 and from 25 June, 2012 to 6 July, 2012. The results found the majority of subjects had lowered serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to the reference range determined in the winter months of little insolation and in the summer months of much insolation. In the summer the blood serum concentration of 25(OH)D and ALP activity were statistically significantly higher in comparison with the winter and spring. The concentration of 25(OH)D was not statistically significantly related to age, concentrations of Ca, inorganic phosphates and ALP activity.
The importance of periodontal screening in children. A case report
Authors: Capaldi Francesca , Besi Eleni , Roebuck Elizabeth M
Published: June 2021

The British Society of Periodontology, in collaboration with the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry, published guidelines in 2012 for the periodontal screening of children and adolescents. The guidelines recommended a simplified Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) of six teeth for children aged 7–17 years. This is further modified for ages 7–11, using codes 0–2 from the 0–4 BPE adult chart. An unusual case of an 11-year-old boy who attended his general dental practitioner for a check-up is reported. Periodontal screening led to the detection of 13-mm pockets associated with the two mandibular first permanent molars that required surgical intervention and multidisciplinary care.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report highlights the importance of paediatric periodontal screening in both primary and secondary care.
Variance Estimation Procedure Using Scrambled Responses and Multi-Auxiliary Variables In Multi-Phase Sampling
Authors: Mushtaq Nadia
Published: June 2021

Variations in the population can be estimated by variance estimation. In this study, we consider variance estimation procedure using scrambled randomized response for sensitive variable using multi-auxiliary variables in multi-phase sampling. Under Noor-ul-Amin et al. (2018) RRT model, generalized exponential regression type estimator for case-1and case-2 are derived. A simulation study is presented to illustrate the application and computational details. It is observed that proposed model showed better results under both cases.
Numerical phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in silico among brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ningrum Ajeng Meidya , Chasani Abdul Razaq
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ningrum AM, Chasani AR. 2021. Numerical phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in silico among brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3057-3064. Human activities such as industrial and tourism development on coastal areas in Indonesia are dreaded to affect seaweed diversity, including brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae). Though study on brown seaweeds diversity has been done quite a lot, there is no record of analysis of phenetic and phylogenetic relationships among brown seaweeds. Hence, this study aims to determine the phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in silico among brown seaweeds and define characters that play a role in the clustering of brown seaweeds from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Exploration was done using purposive sampling method. Numerical phenetic analysis was generated using MVSP 3.1. Further clustering method was implemented to identify phenetic relationships The PCA method was used to reveal morphological, anatomical, and biochemical characters that determine the clustering pattern. The phylogenetic relationships in silico analysis were conducted using rbcL genes from NCBI GenBank database. All multiple sequences were aligned using ClustalW and phylogram reconstruction was performed using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method in MEGA 7.0. Our study showed that both the analyses, i.e., numerical phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in silico resulted in two main clusters although the species composition of the clusters was slightly different. The PCA analysis indicated that the morphological characters i.e. blade shape, phylloid shape, thalli height, length of the main axis, and the water bladder shape play an important role in the clustering of brown seaweeds species.
Heavy metals accumulation in Nerium oleander leaves across urban areas in Setif region, Algeria
Authors: KOUCIM MOHAMED AMINE , Belguidoum Amina , Lograda TAKIA , Ramdani Messaoud
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Koucim MA, Belguidoum A, Lograda T, Ramdani M. 2021. Heavy metals accumulation in Nerium oleander leaves across urban areas in Setif region, Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 3083-3091. Pollution by Metallic trace elements (MTE) has become one of the most serious environmental problems resulting from human activity. Plants, which are the base of the food chain, can take up MTE from the soil solution; hyper-accumulators can store high levels of heavy metals in their aerial parts at high concentrations. These plants can be used in phytoremediation. This study aimed to investigate the accumulation of MTE in the leaves of Nerium oleander to monitor environmental pollution of several areas in the province of Setif, Algeria. The samples of N. oleander leaves were collected from 20 urban areas in Setif Province. The concentrations of seven metallic trace elements (Cd, Mn, Pb, Sb, Cu, Bi and Fe) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AASF). The results show that the concentrations of heavy metals in the leaves of N. oleander, in general, were very high, far exceeding the certified standard ranges. The order of MTE in the leaves was found as follows: Mn> Sb> Bi> Pb> Fe> Cu> Cd. Our findings indicate that although N. oleander showed a significant capacity to accumulate MTE, the urban areas of Setif province were highly polluted by heavy metals. The presence of metal ions in the aerial parts of the plant indicates that N. oleander is a hyper-accumulator of metals with tolerance to Mn, Sb, and Pb, and can be used as a bio-monitor. This opens up prospects for its application for soil phytoremediation.
The genetic diversity of ayam ketawa (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linneaus, 1758) in Bangkalan District, Madura Island, Indonesia
Authors: Abinawanto ABINAWANTO , ZULISTIANA TRI , LESTARI RETNO , DWIRANTI ASTARI , BOWOLAKSONO ANOM
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Abinawanto, Zulistiana T, Lestari R, Dwiranti A, Bowolaksono A. 2021. The genetic diversity of ayam ketawa (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linneaus, 1758) in Bangkalan District, Madura Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3145-3155. Ayam Ketawa, a variation of Gallus gallus domesticus Gallus gallus domesticus, comes from  Sidendreng-Rappang (Sidrap) District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Apart from Sidrap, ayam ketawa farms are also found in Bangkalan District, on the island of Madura, Indonesia. Ayam ketawa from Bangkalan District often wins national level contests. Therefore, the research was carried out with the aim of knowing the genetic diversity of ayam ketawa in Kamal Subdistrict, Socah Subdistrict, and Burneh Subdistrict, based on bioacoustic, morphometric, and barcoding DNA analysis. The studied ayam ketawa consists of dangdut and slow types. The longest duration (6.00 ± 3.0) seconds was shown by ayam ketawa from Kamal Subdistrict, while the highest number of syllables (7.20 ± 5.80) came from Socah Subdistrict. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that eight morphological characters were significantly different (P <0.05) between ayam ketawa population in Kamal and Burneh subdistricts, namely body weight, femur length, shank length, shank circumference, wing length, comb height, third finger length, and breastbone length. Four morphological characters differed significantly (P <0.05) between ayam ketawa population in Kamal and Socah subdistricts, namely shank length, wing length, third finger length, and sternum length. Three morphological characters were significantly different (P <0.05) between the Burneh and Socah subdistricts population, namely body weight, femur length, and shank circumference. The analysis results of DNA Barcoding gene of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) showed a genetic distance ranging from 0.025 to 1.872.
Influence of edaphic factors on the structure and distribution of plant species in and around Mekeiman Marsh Wetland, Northeast of Algeria
Authors: Touarfia Moundji , BOUALI NOUREDDINE , DJOUAMAA ABDELKADER , MAAZI MOHAMED CHERIF , HOUHAMDI MOUSSA
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Touarfia M, Bouali N, Djouamaa Ak, Maazi MC, Houhamdi M. 2021. Influence of edaphic factors on the structure and distribution of plant species in and around Mekeiman Marsh Wetland, Northeast of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 3219-3228. Understanding the environmental factors that influence plant species composition and distribution is essential for successful management of biodiversity. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to assess plant species composition and distribution in a freshwater wetland Mekeiman Marsh, Northeastern Algeria and to analyze the influence of environmental factors on local plant species. To explore the distribution of plant species in this Marsh and analyze their associations with edaphic soil factors, the mapping and types of plant species in this area were analyzed by MapInfo and principal component analysis (PCA) ordination. For this purpose, four stations were chosen according to a stratified sampling method and phytosociological surveys were carried out in 12 plots, which were sampled using the Braun- Blanquet method. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between plant species distribution and edaphic factors. The R i386 (version 4.0.3) software was used for data analysis. We have identified 48 plant species belonging to 21 families. Results of biological types in the study area revealed the dominance of hemicryptophytes and therophytes, which indicates the presence of therophytization in this Marsh. Spatial distribution maps showed that plant species were divided into two categories viz. sparse and scattered plants according to the humidity gradient. The most important edaphic factors associated with plant species in Mekeiman Marsh were Sodium, Phosphorus, active limestone, Magnesium, clay, organic matter, C/N and Azot. By combining mapping and influence of edaphic factors on the structure and distribution of plant species in this wetland, it was known that the plant assemblages of this Marsh make disproportionately important contributions to wetland-level diversity. By combining mapping and influence of edaphic factors on the structure and distribution of plant species in this wetland, the plant assemblages of this Marsh make disproportionately important contributions to wetland-level diversity.
The potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. to control Meloidogyne spp. infection on tomato plants
Authors: Munif Abdul , Nursalim Muhammad , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Munif A, Nursalim M, Pradana AP. 2021. The potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. to control Meloidogyne spp. infection on tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3229-3236. The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the plant-parasitic nematodes that cause economical loss in the vegetable plantations in the world. The endophytic bacteria may act as a potential biological agent to control the plant-parasitic nematodes. The aim of this study was to explore the endophytic bacteria from Tagetes sp., which had a potential to control Meloidogyne spp. and act as growth promoter for tomato plants. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots and stems of Tagetes sp. and tissues were cultured on the tryptic soy agar (TSA) media. The endophytic bacterial isolates were selected using hypersensitive and blood agar tests to identify their biological safety. The selected endophytic bacteria were also assessed for growth promoter test in the tomato plants. The selected endophytic bacteria were assessed in vitro against the Meloidogyne spp. juvenile 2 and their effectiveness in suppressing the root-knot nematodes on tomato plants in greenhouse. The results showed that total of 184 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from the roots and stem of Tagetes sp. In hypersensitive and hemolytic tests, 78 and 36 isolates showed negative responses, respectively. Of the 36 isolates tested, it was found that 14 of them were able to promote the growth of tomato seedlings. In in vitro test, 14 endophytic bacteria showed 73-93% mortality rate of Meloidogyne spp J2. The results at greenhouse showed that 3 bacterial isolates, namely, AL21, AL44, and AL53 suppress the number of root-knot nematodes up to 50-74% and improve tomato plant growth by 32%. These results indicate that endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. have the potential to act as biocontrol agents of parasitic nematodes and a plant growth promoter.
Recombinant fusion protein expression of Indonesian isolate Newcastle disease virus in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
Authors: Wulanjati Martha Purnami , Witasari Lucia Dhiantika , Wijayanti Nastiti , Haryanto Aris
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Wulanjati MP, Witasari LD, Wijayanti N, Haryanto A. 2021. Recombinant fusion protein expression of Indonesian isolate Newcastle disease virus in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Biodiversitas 22: 3249-3255. Newcastle disease is a major problem in poultry industry due to high mortality of susceptible chicken. New vaccine agents are important to be developed to eliminate the disease threat. This study aimed to examine the expression of fusion (F) protein of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) from Indonesian isolates in E. coli BL21(DE3) by IPTG induction. The sample was a part of F gene of NDV from Galur, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (0663/04/2013) with a molecular size of 600 bp that was synthesized and inserted into pBT7-N-His expression vector. The recombinant F protein with molecular weight of 25.6 kDa was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), purified using Ni-NTA magnetic silica beads, and confirmed by western blotting. Optimization of expression showed that recombinant F protein was optimally expressed by induction of 1.0 mM IPTG when the cells reached OD600 = 0.6. The induction duration was 8 h. B-cell epitopes prediction showed that F protein possessed four epitopes that possibly recognized by B-cell. Since recombinant F protein was considered to possess immunogenicity, its potency as a candidate of NDV vaccine agent should be investigated in the future.
Short communication: Production, distribution and conservation analysis of Cherax crayfish endemic to Papua and West Papua Provinces, Indonesia
Authors: Widyasari Ferliana , Sayuti Mohammad , Salampessy Randi Bokhy Syuliana
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Widyasari F, Sayuti M, Salampessy RBS. 2021. Short communication: Production, distribution and conservation analysis of Cherax crayfish endemic to Papua and West Papua Provinces, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3271-3276. Freshwater crayfish is a species from the Parastacidae family that is indigenous to Papua and West Papua Indonesia. This study analyzes the amount of production, economic value, distribution, and conservation of freshwater crayfish endemic to Papua and West Papua. The production data were obtained from Stasiun Karantina Ikan or Fish Quarantine Inspection Agency in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia. Data regarding the price of Cherax crayfish were determined based on interviews with freshwater crayfish sellers. Furthermore, the distribution of freshwater crayfish was explained based on a literature review, while the data of its conservation were retrieved from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Cherax crayfish caught from wild populations in West Papua is known higher than in Papua. Increased sales revenue could support the economy of the local community. There have been 25 species of freshwater crayfish identified, nine of which were from West Papua and 16 from Papua. Three species were under Endangered (EN), Least Concern (LC), Vulnerable (VU) status, respectively. Four species were under Data Deficient (DD) status, while the rest were unidentified. Overfishing of Cherax crayfish causes decline Cherax crayfish stock in the wild, future researchers are expected to conduct more specific studies that include relevant stakeholders regarding the conservation of Cherax crayfish that are endemic to Papua and West Papua.
Profile of geographical variation in marginal land and its relationship with the fruit tree species richness in Jombang District, Indonesia
Authors: ZULFIKAR Zulfikar , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG , INDRIYANI SERAFINAH , FERNANDES4 ADJI ACHMAD RINALDO
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Zulfikar, Arisoesilaningsih E, Indriyani S, Fernandes AAR. 2021. Profile of geographical variation in marginal land and its relationship with the fruit tree species richness in Jombang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3315-3325. The purpose of this study was to determine the sites of fruit tree species richness, in order to analyze the relationship between the locations with fruit tree diversity, and geographical variations, towards the success of marginal land conservation in Jombang Regency. The study area covered four districts, and was divided into 11 sites with different slopes and altitudes. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the R program. The results showed that the structure and composition of fruit trees were discovered to be 21 species from 14 families. The uniqueness of the fruit trees was shown in Tamarindus indica and Cocos nucifera, which were observed as rare plants on slopes with high and low altitudes, respectively. The results of the geographical variation analysis also showed that the slope and elevation with values of 0.5889 and 0.5077, respectively, were significantly correlated with the site of fruit plant species richness at the (?) 0.05 level, as the response formed was not linear for the three geographical diversities studied. Also, the model built between site, slope, and elevation towards the fruit tree species richness was acceptable, due to the fact that the value (Pr> F) = 0.004 was very significant at the (?) 0.001 level.
Isolation and identification of thermophilic amylolytic bacteria from Likupang Marine Hydrothermal, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ginting Elvy Like , Wantania Letha , Moko Emma Mauren , Tumbol Reiny , Siby Mayse , Wullur Stenly
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ginting EL, Wantania LL, Moko EM, Tumbol RA, Siby MS, Wulur S. 2021. Isolation and identification of thermophilic amylolytic bacteria from Likupang Marine Hydrothermal, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3326-3332. The aims of the research were to isolate and identify the amylase-producing thermophilic bacteria from Likupang Marine Hydrothermal, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The bacteria were characterized based on the colony and cell morphology and subsequently screened for their amylase activities. The bacterial isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. There were 12 thermophilic bacteria isolates from Likupang Marine Hydrothermal that were able to produce amylase. Two selected isolates (L3 and L9) had an amylolytic index value in the range of 3.04-3.52 at 55oC. The colonies of L3 and L9 are circular, and they are Gram positive, rod-shaped, and motile bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that L3 was closely related to Bacillus caldotenax with 93% similarity while L9 had 99% similarity to B. caldotenax. Hence, we identified L3 isolate as Bacillus sp. strain L3 and L9 isolate as B. caldotenax strain L9. Both of these bacteria were grouped as Geobacillus thermoleovorans.
Short Communication: Leaf architectural analysis of confusing Syzygium species: Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Viacrucis Jose Dale III , Buot Inocencio Jr.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Viacrucis III JDL, Buot Jr. IE. 2021. Short Communication: Leaf architectural analysis of confusing Syzygium species: Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry (Myrtaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3341-3348. Among species of Myrtaceae family which has economic and ecological importance are the two Syzygium species, Syzygium aqueum and Syzygium samarangense. Both species are cultivated throughout the tropics because of their edible fruits and medicinal properties of various plant parts. However, despite their wide utilization, the two species are often confusing due to their morphological similarity. In this study, leaf architecture of S. aqueum and S. samarangense have been evaluated to delineate the two confusing taxa. Selected laminal and venation characters were compared. Results showed many similar characters shared between the two species, however, laminar size, apex and base shape, areolation, and freely ending veinlets (FEVs) were found to be distinct. Multivariate analyses, cluster analysis employing Gower similarity index, using unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) and single linkage (nearest neighbor) algorithm, and ordination using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), illustrated that they are grouped separately. The variations in laminal and venation characters are additional set of information that will allow accurate differentiation of the two species. However, it is recommended that additional taxonomical analysis using various methods, such as molecular techniques, be employed and characters, such as floral morphology, be studied to contribute in the resolution of the taxonomic complexity of this group and other taxonomic controversies
Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Supartha I WAYAN , SUSILA I WAYAN , SUNARI ANAK AGUNG AYU AGUNG SRI , MAHAPUTRA I. G. FEBRI , YUDHA I KADEK WISMA , WIRADANA PUTU ANGGA
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sunari AAAAS, Mahaputra IGF, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA. 2021. Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3378-3387. The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North and South America which has now been reported to have spread to Indonesia. This study aims to ensure the attack and spread of invasive pests FAW on corn crops in Bali. In addition, it also studied population structure, age structure, and percentage of attacks on maize crops in high altitude areas in Bali, Indonesia. The research was conducted using survey methods. A sampling of plants is carried out in all districts and cities in the Province of Bali by diagonal sampling. The sample unit size is 5 m × 5 m with the number of plants observed being 150 plants. The score of plant damage at the age of 4 weeks after planting (WAP) plants has a "very heavy" attack intensity value. Areas of upper leaves or young leaves most affected by S. frugiperda attack in the field. The results showed that pest FAW has been entering and attacking maize crops in Bali since January 2020 as the first report. At the beginning of the entry was only found in some lowland locations, especially in Tabanan and Jembrana regency, but within the next 4 months, it has spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali province. Adults populations and egg groups of FAW were found to peak by the time the corn crop was 2 weeks old after planting while the larval population reached its peak by the time the plant was 4 WAP The highest percentage of FAW attacks is in altitude areas below 250 meters above sea level (masl) with an average attack per observation plot of 47.84%. This research is the first to report on FAW attacks on maize crops in Bali Province since January 2020 and adds to our knowledge of FAW pests on maize crops in Bali Province.
Leaf morphological traits of Orophea spp. (Annonaceae): Living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Dewi Ayu , FIQA ABBAN PUTRI , ABYWIJAYA ILHAM KURNIA
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP, Abywijaya IK. 2021. Leaf morphological traits of Orophea spp. (Annonaceae): Living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3403-3411. Orophea (Annonaceae) have various benefits and play important roles in lowland forest structures. Due to their importance, various Orophea species currently require identification for research and conservation purposes. One of many important variables for such purpose is leaf morphometrical features. This study aimed to investigate leaf morphometrical variations, measure morphometrical similarities, and identify determinant morphometrical traits for species identification in Orophea spp. As many as 23 living plant specimens of Orophea spp. cultivated in Purwodadi Botanic Gardens (belongs to 4 species: Orophea celebica, O. chlorantha, O. enneandra, O. hexandra and an unidentified Orophea sp.) were observed. Twelve measured leaf morphometrical traits in this study were leaf length and width, petiole length, distance from leaf base to the widest part of the leaf, number of secondary veins, apex and base shape, leaf area, length of leaf margin, length to width ratio, leaf roundness and slimness indices. Data were analyzed using multiple one-way ANOVA, Hierarchical Cluster and Principal Component Analyses from within R. The results highlighted that O. hexandra was the most distinguishable species with number of secondary veins, length to width ratio, and leaf slimness as the most distinct characters. The unidentified species of Orophea sp. exhibited morphometrical characters similar to O. chlorantha. No distinct leaf morphometrical traits were able to be identified as determinant characters to each species. Thus, suggesting leaf morphological traits analyses to be used only as a supporting component for plant identification, while still paying attention to the plant’s generative characters.
Genetic diversity in several genotypes of Algerian lentil using biochemical markers
Authors: Hammadi Hamida , HAMMOUDA-BOUSBIA DOUNIA , CHAIB GHANIA , TIR ANFEL
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Hammadi H, Hammouda-Bousbia D, Chaib G, Tir A. 2021. Genetic diversity in several genotypes of Algerian lentil using biochemical markers. Biodiversitas 22: 3494-2500. Studying seed storage proteins in legumes (Fabaceae) is very important besides its economic value; seed storage proteins play an important role in plant taxonomy because of the stability of their contents. The grain protein content and protein profiles of 12 lentil genotypes (Lens culinaris Medik.) were characterized based on protein profiling through SDS-PAGE. The obtained gel has shown forty bands ranged from 13 to 21 with molecular weight 10 to 120 KDa. Of which six monomorphic bands, thirty-four polymorphic bands and five unique bands in Flip90-31, Idlep3, idlep2, Idlep4 and Radjas genotypes. The protein banding pattern polymorphism (84%) revealed an inter-genotypic variability. The Idlep3 genotype is characterized by specific bands (or a specific marker), followed by the Flip90-31 genotype. So these two genotypes can be considered as valuable gene resources for further breeding programs.