bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of the Addition of Molecular Genetic Testing to Newborn Screening for Hemoglobinopathies for Confirmation of Alpha-Thalassemia Trait
Authors: Shook Lisa M. , Haygood Deidra , Quinn Charles T.
Published: February 2025

Hemoglobinopathies are commonly detected by newborn screening (NBS). One of the most difficult to accurately diagnose is alpha-thalassemia, which is indicated by the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) Barts on NBS. This mixed methods study incorporated (1) an implementation and quality improvement project to demonstrate the clinical utility of genetic testing added to standard procedures for likely alpha-thalassemia trait and (2) a qualitative study to determine the related educational needs of primary care providers (PCPs). During a two-year period, we attempted to perform alpha-globin genetic testing for all newborns with an abnormal NBS result (an “FA + Barts” pattern). We conducted semi-structured interviews with seven PCPs for thematic abstraction. In sixty neonates with presumed Hb Barts on initial NBS who had genetic testing, three (5%) did not have alpha-thalassemia. The remaining 57 (95%) had an alpha-thalassemia trait genotype. Non-deletion alpha-thalassemia occurred in 5%. Eight (13%) had genotypes that substantially altered genetic counseling for the individual and family members. Race and ethnicity were poor surrogates for genotype. PCPs expressed a willingness to participate in NBS follow up but had little specific knowledge about alpha-thalassemia. The addition of genetic testing for likely alpha-thalassemia trait to NBS had very high clinical utility, supporting its use in standard clinical care. Whenever possible, education and genetic counseling should not be provided based on the detection of possible Hb Barts alone without subsequent specific genetic verification. Educational and outreach programs for both PCPs and families about the importance of testing and trait counseling are needed for ongoing improvement.
Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib and a Korean SYSADOA (JOINS) for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Yong-Beom , Kim Jun-Ho
Published: February 2025

Background: The efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, including celecoxib, in managing knee osteoarthritis (KO) is well-established. Recently, the plant extract cocktail JOINS (SKI306X and its newer formulation, SKCPT) has been shown to be an effective slow-acting drug for KO. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of celecoxib and JOINS in patients with KO. Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness and safety of celecoxib and JOINS. The outcomes included pain relief, functional improvement, and safety profiles. Outcome measurements were compared between the celecoxib and JOINS cohorts at the short-term (closest to 3 months) and mid-term (closest to 12 months). Results: Overall, 23 RCTs involving 3367 patients were included in this systematic review. The efficacy of JOINS in reducing pain, as indicated by the visual analog scale (VAS) score, was comparable to that of celecoxib. Regarding functional improvement assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC), JOINS showed improvement comparable to that of celecoxib regardless of follow-up. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the celecoxib and JOINS cohorts. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that JOINS could be considered as a pharmacological agent with significant efficacy for pain relief and functional improvement in patients with KO in clinical practice.
Comment on Băetu et al. Beyond Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy: Detection of Auto-Heparinization as a Marker of Endotheliopathy Using Rotational Thromboelastometry. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4219
Authors: Schöchl Herbert , Hofmann Nikolaus , Zipperle Johannes
Published: February 2025

With great interest, we read the recent study by Baetu et al [...]
Long Term Changes of the Axis of the Lower Limb After Chiari Pelvic Osteotomy—A Retrospective Analysis of 111 Osteotomies After 34 Years
Authors: Schneider Eleonora , Metzinger Katharina , Schreiner Markus , Straub Jennifer , Staats Kevin , Böhler Christoph , Windhager Reinhard , Chiari Catharina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The Chiari pelvic osteotomy (CPO) creates a bony roof by medialization of the acetabulum, thus improving the biomechanics of dysplastic hip joints. Long-term results have already been examined in various studies. However, the impact on the axis of the lower limb has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was the analysis of changes in the alignment of the lower limb and leg length caused by a CPO and, consecutively, the impact on conversion total hip arthroplasty and primary knee arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 85 patients with 111 CPOs were clinically examined, patient reported outcome measures collected, and long leg standing radiographs analysed according to Paley. Results: The patients were examined an average of 34 years (±7.8; 23–53) after CPO. Unilaterally operated patients (N = 59 hips) showed a pathological MAD in 71% (N = 42) on the operated side (90% valgus, 10% varus). On the unaffected side, we could identify 56% (N = 33 hips) pathological cases (70% valgus, 30% varus). When patients underwent CPO bilaterally (N = 52 hips), the MAD was abnormal in 34 operated hips (65%; 97% valgus, 3% varus). If a leg length discrepancy occurred after the operation, the pelvis and the femur contributed the most to the total leg length discrepancy. Conclusions: Shifts in the mechanical axis following a CPO must be considered in order to inform patients appropriately preoperatively and quantified postoperatively by performing long leg standing radiographs in order to plan following joint replacement therapy adequately and maximize the chance of a successful long-term outcome on a functional level as well as for the patient’s satisfaction.
Comparison of the Acute Effects of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Deep Breathing Exercise on the Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Biomechanical Properties of the Muscle in Healthy People
Authors: Ertürk Çağıl , Özden Ali Veysel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: We aimed to examine the acute effects of deep breathing exercise and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on autonomic nervous system activation and the characteristics of certain muscle groups and to compare these two methods. Methods: 60 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 45 were randomly divided into two groups to receive a single session of taVNS and deep breathing exercises. Acute measurements of pulse, blood pressure, perceived stress scale, autonomic activity, and muscle properties were performed before and after the application. Results: A significant decrease was detected in the findings regarding the perceived stress scale, pulse, and blood pressure values as a result of a single session application in both groups (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that the findings regarding autonomic measurement values increased in favor of the parasympathetic nervous system in both groups (p < 0.05). In measurements of the structural properties of the muscle, the stiffness values of the muscles examined in both groups decreased (p < 0.05), while the findings regarding relaxation increased (p < 0.05), except for the masseter in the deep breathing (DB) group. As a result of the comparative statistical evaluation between the groups, the increase in parasympathetic activity was found to be greater in the DB group according to root mean square of differences in successive RR intervals (RMSSD), the percent of differences in adjacent RR intervals > 50 ms (pNN50), and stress index parameters (p < 0.05). In the measurements made with the Myoton®PRO device, the increase in the relaxation value was higher in the gastrocnemius muscle of the VNS group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It has been observed that both methods can increase parasympathetic activity and muscle relaxation in healthy people in a single session. However, DB appears to be slightly superior in increasing parasympathetic activity, and VNS appears to be slightly superior in increasing relaxation.
Numerical Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Type V Hydrogen Pressure Vessels
Authors: Saharudin Mohd Shahneel , Hasbi Syafawati , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Ma Quanjin , Younas Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The growing concern about greenhouse gas emissions and global warming has heightened the focus on sustainability across industrial sectors. As a result, hydrogen energy has emerged as a versatile and promising solution for various engineering applications. Among its storage options, Type V composite pressure vessels are particularly attractive because they eliminate the need for a polymer liner during manufacturing, significantly reducing material usage and enhancing their environmental benefit. However, limited research has explored the pressure performance and life cycle assessment of these vessels. To address this gap, this study investigates the pressure performance and carbon emissions of a Type V hydrogen pressure vessel using four composite materials: Kevlar/Epoxy, Basalt/Epoxy, E-Glass/Epoxy, and Carbon T-700/Epoxy. The results reveal that Carbon T-700/Epoxy is the most suitable material for high-pressure hydrogen storage due to its superior mechanical properties, including the highest burst pressure, maximum stress capacity, and minimal deformation under loading. Conversely, the LCA results, supported by insights from a large language model (LLM), show that Basalt/Epoxy provides a more sustainable option, exhibiting notably lower global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP). These findings highlight the trade-offs between mechanical performance and environmental impact, offering valuable insights for sustainable hydrogen storage design.
The Influence of Laser Cutting Parameters on the Heat-Affected Zone in Fast-Growing Malaysian Wood Species
Authors: Sobri Mohd Sharizal , Ahmad Sobri Sharizal , Norizan Mohd Natashah , Hermawan Andi , Mohamad Amini Mohd Hazim , Mohamed Mazlan , Wan Ismail Wan Omar Ali Saifuddin , Mohamed Sultan Al Amin
Published: February 2025

Wood is a naturally occurring renewable resource widely used in various industries, including in construction, packaging, furniture, and paneling. In Malaysia, 80% of furniture products are made from wood, making it a crucial material in this sector. Laser cutting is an advanced machining technique that enhances precision and minimizes material waste, yet its thermal effects, particularly the heat-affected zone (HAZ), remain a challenge. This study investigates how laser cutting parameters—including the laser power, traverse speed, and focus position—affect HAZ formation in two fast-growing Malaysian wood species, Acacia mangium and Azadirachta excelsa. This research seeks to determine the optimal laser settings that minimize HAZ dimensions while maintaining cutting precision. A diode laser cutting system was used to analyze the effects of three laser power levels (800, 1500, and 2400 mW), three traverse speeds (2, 5, and 10 mm/s), and three focus positions (on-focus, +0.2 mm, and −0.2 mm). We employed statistical analysis, including a two-way ANOVA, to assess the significance of these parameters and their interactions (p < 0.001). The results indicate that a higher laser power and slower speeds significantly increase the HAZ’s width and depth, with Azadirachta excelsa exhibiting a greater HAZ width but shallower penetration compared to Acacia mangium. A slight above-focus position (+0.2 mm) reduces the HAZ’s width, whereas a below-focus position (−0.2 mm) increases the HAZ’s depth. The optimal parameters for minimizing HAZ dimensions while ensuring efficient cutting were identified as a 1500 mW laser power, a 10 mm/s traverse speed, and an on-focus position (0 mm). This study provides practical insights into laser parameter optimization for tropical wood species, contributing to improved precision in laser machining and sustainable wood processing practices. These findings support industries in adopting advanced, high-quality laser cutting techniques tailored to fast-growing wood resources.
A Comparative Transcriptomic Study Reveals Temporal and Genotype-Specific Defense Responses to Botrytis cinerea in Grapevine
Authors: Maggiolini Flavia Angela Maria , Prencipe Annalisa , Bergamini Carlo , Marsico Antonio Domenico , Vendemia Marco , Santamaria Marika , Giannandrea Maria Angela , D’Amico Margherita , Forleo Lucia Rosaria , Perniola Rocco , Velasco Riccardo , Cardone Maria Francesca
Published: February 2025

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a globally significant crop, is highly susceptible to Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease. This study investigates transcriptomic responses to B. cinerea in tolerant and susceptible grapevine genotypes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at three time points (T1, T2, T3), highlighting both genotype-independent and genotype-specific responses. Early-stage infection (T1) revealed rapid and robust activation of defense pathways in both genotypes, though the tolerant genotype showed enhanced modulation of metabolic processes by T2, prioritizing secondary metabolism and stress adaptation over growth. In contrast, the susceptible genotype exhibited less coordinated metabolic reprogramming, with delayed or weaker activation of key defense mechanisms. Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses identified critical pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-like lignin metabolism, MAPK signaling, as well as candidate genes such as WRKY transcription factors and enzymes involved in cell wall fortification and antifungal compound biosynthesis. Genotype-specific responses emphasized metabolic flexibility as a determinant of resistance, with the tolerant genotype exhibiting superior resource allocation to defense pathways. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of grapevine resistance to B. cinerea, offering potential targets for breeding or genetic engineering to enhance resilience and reduce fungicide dependency.
BDNF/BDNF-AS Gene Polymorphisms Modulate Treatment Response and Remission in Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shkundin Anton , Wheeler Heather E. , Sinacore James , Halaris Angelos
Published: February 2025

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition associated with treatment resistance, cognitive decline, structural brain changes, and an approximately 13-year reduction in life expectancy compared to the general population. Depression in BD substantially impairs quality of life, while neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity are thought to contribute to the recurrence of mood episodes and disease progression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in neuronal growth and function, with its dysregulation being linked to various psychiatric disorders. This study is an extension of a previously published clinical trial and was conducted to assess the effects of three BDNF and BDNF-AS gene polymorphisms (rs1519480, rs6265, and rs10835210) on treatment outcomes and serum BDNF levels in patients with treatment-resistant bipolar disorder depression (TRBDD) over an eight-week period. Methods: This study included 41 participants from a previously conducted randomized clinical trial, all of whom had available BDNF serum samples and genotype data. The participants, aged 21 to 65, were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and treatment-resistant depression was assessed using the Maudsley Staging Method. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either escitalopram plus a placebo (ESC+PBO) or escitalopram plus celecoxib (ESC+CBX) over an 8-week period. Statistical analyses included a mixed ANOVA and chi-square tests to compare the minor allele carrier status of three SNPs with treatment response and remission rates. Results: Non-carriers of the rs6265 A allele (p = 0.005) and carriers of the rs10835210 A allele (p = 0.007) showed a significantly higher response to treatment with adjunctive celecoxib compared to escitalopram alone. Additionally, remission rates after adjunctive celecoxib were significantly higher in both carriers and non-carriers across all three SNPs compared to escitalopram alone. However, remission rates were notably higher in non-carriers of the rs1519480 G allele and rs10835210 A allele, as well as in carriers of the rs6265 A allele. Conclusions: This study suggests that genetic variations in BDNF and BDNF-AS genes significantly influence treatment response to and remission with escitalopram and celecoxib in bipolar disorder.
Community Perceptions on Conservation, Livelihood Vulnerability and Quality of Life Around Tanzania’s Kilimanjaro National Park
Authors: Lyakurwa Gasto Jerome , Chepkwony Mercy Chepkemoi , Sabuhoro Edwin
Published: February 2025

This research examined the multidimensional relationship between the subjective quality of life, conservation attitudes, and livelihood vulnerability of communities surrounding the Kilimanjaro Mountain National Parks and Biosphere Reserve in Tanzania. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey in four villages bordering the Kilimanjaro National Park and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. The results show that conservation attitudes increase and there are different levels of household livelihood vulnerability as the quality of life improves, indicating a positive relationship between the subjective quality of life and conservation attitude. People with higher livelihood vulnerability show a substantial increase in conservation attitudes as their quality of life improves. People with medium livelihood vulnerability show weaker but still positive relations between quality of life and conservation attitudes. However, when the livelihood vulnerability is lowest, the conservation attitudes change the least with improved quality of life. Furthermore, livelihood-vulnerable people tend to be more supportive of conservation than those with lower livelihood vulnerability, and this difference increases as the quality of life increases, indicating the significance of the quality of life in predicting conservation attitudes in highly vulnerable groups. These results are essential for managers and development practitioners, who focus on achieving win–win scenarios between conservation and development to enhance people’s overall quality of life rather than concentrating on reducing vulnerabilities.
Multi-Dimensional Characteristics and Zoning Optimization of the Spatial Pattern of Specialized Villages in China: A Large Sample Analysis Based on the Supply–Demand Coupling
Authors: Xie Jiangjiang , Rui Yang , Liu Kejing , Sun Weihong
Published: February 2025

Specialized villages, which are centered around product supply and driven by market demand, serve as critical vehicles for rural industrial revitalization. This study utilizes a sample of 13,702 national-level industrial villages to examine the spatial distribution patterns of specialized villages in China across multiple dimensions. The research employs the Spatial Design Network Analysis (sDNA) model and the Coupling Degree Model to identify regional characteristics of product supply accessibility and the alignment of market demand in these villages. Finally, the paper integrates the spatial analysis results of both supply and demand to propose an optimized layout strategy for specialized villages at the county level. The findings indicate the following: (1) Specialized villages in China exhibit extensive coverage and strong agglomeration, with a high concentration in the eastern region, forming seven core zones arranged in an arc. The provinces with the highest numbers of specialized villages are Zhejiang, Heze, and Yiwu. (2) The spatial distribution of specialized villages demonstrates multi-scale differentiation and spatial autocorrelation, with the most uneven distribution and strongest local autocorrelation occurring at the county level. (3) The zoning results for both supply and demand aspects are closely related to economic divisions and population geographical boundaries, forming nine combination types. These can further be classified into four distinct zones: Demonstration Leading Zones, Optimization Development Zones, Collaborative Promotion Zones, and Cultivation Guidance Zones. (4) Each zone type plays a unique strategic role in the revitalization of rural industries and necessitates differentiated development strategies for specialized villages. The conclusions of this study provide a foundation for optimizing the spatial layout and zonal development of specialized villages in China.
An Optimized Method for Solving the Green Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem Using a Combination of Deep Reinforcement Learning and Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lu Yongxin , Yuan Yiping , Yasenjiang Jiarula , Sitahong Adilanmu , Chao Yongsheng , Wang Yunxuan
Published: February 2025

This paper tackles the green permutation flow shop scheduling problem (GPFSP) with the goal of minimizing both the maximum completion time and energy consumption. It introduces a novel hybrid approach that combines end-to-end deep reinforcement learning with an improved genetic algorithm. Firstly, the PFSP is modeled using an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach, named PFSP_NET, which is designed based on the characteristics of the PFSP, with the actor–critic algorithm employed to train the model. Once trained, this model can quickly and directly produce relatively high-quality solutions. Secondly, to further enhance the quality of the solutions, the outputs from PFSP_NET are used as the initial population for the improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Building upon the traditional genetic algorithm, the IGA utilizes three crossover operators, four mutation operators, and incorporates hamming distance, effectively preventing the algorithm from prematurely converging to local optimal solutions. Then, to optimize energy consumption, an energy-saving strategy is proposed that reasonably adjusts the job scheduling order by shifting jobs backward without increasing the maximum completion time. Finally, extensive experimental validation is conducted on the 120 test instances of the Taillard standard dataset. By comparing the proposed method with algorithms such as the standard genetic algorithm (SGA), elite genetic algorithm (EGA), hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA), discrete self-organizing migrating algorithm (DSOMA), discrete water wave optimization algorithm (DWWO), and hybrid monkey search algorithm (HMSA), the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Optimal solutions are achieved in 28 test instances, and the latest solutions are updated in instances Ta005 and Ta068 with values of 1235 and 5101, respectively. Additionally, experiments on 30 instances, including Taillard 20-10, Taillard 50-10, and Taillard 100-10, indicate that the proposed energy strategy can effectively reduce energy consumption.
Novel Fractional Boole’s-Type Integral Inequalities via Caputo Fractional Operator and Their Implications in Numerical Analysis
Authors: Haider Wali , Mateen Abdul , Budak Hüseyin , Shehzadi Asia , Ciurdariu Loredana
Published: February 2025

The advancement of fractional calculus, particularly through the Caputo fractional derivative, has enabled more accurate modeling of processes with memory and hereditary effects, driving significant interest in this field. Fractional calculus also extends the concept of classical derivatives and integrals to noninteger (fractional) orders. This generalization allows for more flexible and accurate modeling of complex phenomena that cannot be adequately described using integer-order derivatives. Motivated by its applications in various scientific disciplines, this paper establishes novel n-times fractional Boole’s-type inequalities using the Caputo fractional derivative. For this, a fractional integral identity is first established. Using the newly derived identity, several novel Boole’s-type inequalities are subsequently obtained. The proposed inequalities generalize the classical Boole’s formula to the fractional domain. Further extensions are presented for bounded functions, Lipschitzian functions, and functions of bounded variation, providing sharper bounds compared to their classical counterparts. To demonstrate the precision and applicability of the obtained results, graphical illustrations and numerical examples are provided. These contributions offer valuable insights for applications in numerical analysis, optimization, and the theory of fractional integral equations.
The Impact of Surgical Margin Distance on Local Recurrence and Survival in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Yurtbay Alparslan , Aydın Şimşek Şafak , Cengiz Tolgahan , Bariş Yakup Sancar , Say Ferhat , Dabak Nevzat
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: The primary objective of surgeons treating bone and soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is to achieve optimal local tumor control, ensuring a tumor-free margin and preventing local recurrence. However, the impact of surgical resection margin status on extremity STSs remains an area that requires further exploration. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of surgical resection margin status on both local recurrence and overall survival rates. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-five patients who underwent surgical resection with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma were studied. The study recorded patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical margin distance (in millimeters), and disease-related outcomes. Results: The minimum follow-up period was 24 months (24–168). The mean time to local recurrence after resection was 103.2 months (95% CI 91.73 to 114.64). The mean local recurrence-free survival was found to be 7.23 months in patients with positive surgical margins, 87.42 months in patients with ≤1 mm, and 139.80 months in patients with >1 mm (p < 0.001). Patients with surgical margins ≤1 mm were more likely to have local recurrence than patients with >1 mm (0.41 [0.21–0.81], p = 0.010). The mean overall survival was 106.72 months (95% CI 95.98 to 117.46). Positive surgical margins were associated with decreased overall survival (3.58 [1.46–8.80], p = 0.005). There was a statistically significant difference between the histologic grade in terms of local recurrence (4.50 [95% CI 2.57 to 7.88]; p < 0.001) and overall survival (3.12 [95% CI 1.52 to 6.41]; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Achieving a negative surgical margin distance of more than 1 mm appears to be correlated with a reduced risk of local recurrence. Positive surgical margins are a risk factor that detrimentally impacts overall patient survival. However, determining the appropriate margin distance for all patients poses a significant challenge.
A Foreign Body as a Gynaecological and Sexological Issue—Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Frąckowiak Aleksander , Sajdak Stefan , Jarząbek-Bielecka Grażyna , Dolińska-Kaczmarek Klaudia , Plagens-Rotman Katarzyna , Merks Piotr , Kościński Tomasz , Englert-Golon Monika
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The most commonly encountered foreign body in the vagina is a tampon, which is routinely removed during gynaecological examinations. While these cases are common and well-known in medical practice, there are also situations involving much more unusual foreign bodies. This article focuses on these rare and often surprising cases, which can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Highlighting this topic aims to draw attention to the variety of situations gynaecologists may encounter in their daily professional practice. Case Study: A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the Gynaecological Obstetric Clinical Hospital of the Poznan University of Sciences to have a foreign body removed from her vagina. An MRI examination revealed a calcified well-defined structure (94 mm × 68 mm × 96 mm). The material removed during surgery were calcified fragments surrounding a plastic deodorant cap. After decalcification of the lesion, a histopathological examination ruled out cancerous cells. The patient received gynaecological and urological treatments due to a vesicovaginal fistula. Conclusions: The gynaecologists’ expertise and skills in diagnosing and removing foreign bodies are essential in order to provide postmenopausal women with comprehensive and responsible medical care.
The Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding Ni60/60%WC Composite Coatings
Authors: Liu Junxiao , Liu Chen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yin Xiuyuan , Meng Fanyu , Liu Changsheng
Published: February 2025

In this study, Ni60/60%WC composite coatings were fabricated on 45 steel by laser cladding. The optimum process was selected through high throughput optimization experiments which had a laser power of 2400 W, scanning speed of 8 mm/s, and powder feeding rate of 20 g/min. The single-layer multilayer coatings were prepared without any cracks and pores, and the thickness of the coatings was 1.52 mm. The coating and the substrate were found to have an effective metallurgical connection. WC was distributed relatively uniformly throughout the coating, which involved the γ-(Fe, Ni), WC, W2C, Cr23C6, and Fe3.57W9.43C3.54 phases. The average microhardness of the coating was 1416.14 HV0.2, approximately 5.47 times that of the substrate, and the average coefficient of friction of the coating was 0.5144, which was 43.5% lower than that of the substrate. The wear rate was reduced by 79.13%.
Development of Calvarial-Derived Osteogenic Cells on GDF-5 Coated Nanoporous Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Bueno Renan B. L. , Teixeira Lucas N. , Pavinatto Felippe J. , Maximiano William M. A. , Zuardi Leonardo R. , Rosa Adalberto L. , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Spriano Silvia , de Oliveira Paulo Tambasco
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the impact of a single variation in the etching time of H2SO4/H2O2-treated titanium (Ti) surfaces on the adsorption of growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and their effects on the acquisition of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro. Rat primary calvarial osteogenic cells were grown for up to 14 days on the following Ti surfaces: (1) 30 min: nanotopography obtained with a 1:1 mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 for 30 min (control); (2) 30 min + GDF-5: a 30 min-etched Ti sample adsorbed with recombinant human (rh) GDF-5; (3) 4 h: nanotopography obtained with a 1:1 mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 for 4 h (control); (4) 4 h + GDF-5: a 4 h-etched Ti sample adsorbed with rhGDF-5. The GDF-5 adsorption procedure was carried out on the day before cell plating using 200 ng/mL rhGDF-5 overnight at 4 °C. The 30 min- and 4 h-etched Ti samples exhibited a high hydrophilic network of nanopits with a tendency towards larger nanopits for the 4 h group, which corresponded to an enhanced GDF-5 adsorption. For both etching times, coating with GDF-5 resulted in less hydrophilic surfaces that supported (1) a reduction in the proportion of spread cells and an enhanced extracellular osteopontin labeling at early time points of culture, and (2) increased alkaline phosphatase activity preceding an enhanced mineralized matrix formation compared with controls, with a tendency towards higher osteogenic activity for the 4 h + GDF-5 group. In conclusion, the osteogenic potential induced by the GDF-5 coating can be tailored by subtle changes in the nanotopographic characteristics of Ti surfaces.
Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach
Authors: Stefi Aikaterina L. , Chalkiadaki Maria , Dimitriou Katerina , Mitsigiorgi Konstantina , Gkikas Dimitrios , Papageorgiou Danae , Ntroumpogianni Georgia C. , Vassilacopoulou Dido , Halabalaki Maria , Christodoulakis Nikolaos S.
Published: February 2025

Background: The germination and early development of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart (Greek oregano) were studied to assess the plant’s response to different temperatures. Methods: After germination, seedlings were cultivated in control (25 °C) and cold (15 °C) chambers with standard growth parameters. Comparative analyses of plant morphology and leaf anatomy were conducted to identify structural modifications induced by different temperatures. Physiological evaluations, including photosynthetic pigment measurements, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, were performed to assess differences between the plants grown under the two temperature conditions. Methanolic extracts from the leaves were tested for cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as on nine microbial strains. Additionally, biomarkers from the leaves affected by temperature changes were determined using LC-HRMS/MS analysis. Results: Comparative analyses revealed distinct structural and physiological modifications under cold conditions. The methanolic extracts from plants grown at 15 °C exhibited notably higher cytotoxic activity in both cell lines but demonstrated no activity against microbial strains. The results highlight the influence of low temperature on enhancing the bioactive properties of Greek oregano. Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insights into the environmental adaptability of oregano, demonstrating the impact of low temperature on its bioactive properties. The therapeutic potential of methanolic extracts cultured at 15 °C is imprinted in cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 cells and the absence of any activity against microbial strains.
A New, Validated GC-PICI-MS Method for the Quantification of 32 Lipid Fatty Acids via Base-Catalyzed Transmethylation and the Isotope-Coded Derivatization of Internal Standards
Authors: Vodrážka Petr , Řimnáčová Lucie , Berková Petra , Vojtíšek Jan , Verner Miroslav , Moos Martin , Šimek Petr
Published: February 2025

Background: Fatty acids (FAs) represent a ubiquitous class of nonpolar alkyl carboxylate metabolites with diverse biological functions. Nutrition, metabolism, and endogenous and exogenous stress influence the overall FA metabolic status and transport via the bloodstream. FAs esterified in lipids are of particular interest, as they represent promising biomarkers of pathological diseases and nutritional status. Methods: Here, we report a validated gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for the quantitative analysis of 32 FAs exclusively bound in esterified lipids. The developed sample preparation protocol comprises three steps using only 5 µL of human serum for Folch extraction, sodium methoxide-catalyzed transesterification in tert-butyl methyl ether, and re-extraction in isooctane prior to a quantitative GC-MS analysis with positive ion chemical ionization (PICI) and selected ion monitoring (SIM). Results: The base-catalyzed transmethylation step was studied for 14 lipid classes and was found to be efficient under mild conditions for all major esterified lipids but not for free FAs, lipid amides, or sphingolipids. To minimize matrix effects and instrument bias, internal fatty acid trideuteromethyl esters (D3-FAME) standards were prepared through isotope-coded derivatization with D3-labeled methylchloroformate/methanol medium mixed with each transmethylated serum extract for the assay. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines and evaluated by analyzing NIST SRM 2378 Serum 1 and sera from three healthy donors. Conclusions: The measured quantitative FA values are consistent with the reference data of SRM 2378, and they demonstrate the application potential of the described method for general FA analysis in esterified lipids as a novel complementary tool for lipidomics, as well as for the analysis of membrane FAs in dry blood spots and red blood cells.
Reference Intervals of Serum Metabolites and Lipids of a Healthy Chinese Population Determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Zhao Jinhui , Zhao Hui , Lu Xin , Jia Xueni , Zhao Xinjie , Xu Guowang
Published: February 2025

Background: Metabolomics serves as a very useful tool for elucidating disease mechanisms and identifying biomarkers. Establishing reference intervals (RIs) of metabolites in a healthy population is crucial to the application of metabolomics in life sciences and clinics. Methods: We enrolled 615 healthy Chinese adults aged between 21 and 85 years. Their health status was ascertained through clinical examinations, biochemical parameters, and medical history. Targeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were applied to quantify 705 metabolites and lipids in the serum, establishing RIs and investigating the effect of sex and age on the metabolome and lipidome. Results: This study is the first large-scale effort in China to establish RIs for metabolites in the apparently healthy population. We found that most of the sex-related metabolites, including amino acids, acyl-carnitines and triacylglycerols, had higher concentrations in males, while the other sex-related lipids showed higher concentrations in females. Most of the age-related metabolites increased with age, including those associated with protein synthesis, nitric oxide synthesis, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Conclusions: This study gives the reference intervals of the healthy Chinese metabolome and lipidome and their relationship with sex and age, which facilitates life sciences and precision medicine, especially for disease research and biomarker discovery.
Design and Fabrication of Microelectrodes for Dielectrophoresis and Electroosmosis in Microsystems for Bio-Applications
Authors: Wu Mengren , Liu Zijian , Gao Yuan
Published: February 2025

Microfluidic technology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field, integrating fluid dynamics, electronics, materials science, etc., enabling precise manipulation of small volumes of fluids and particles for various bio-applications. Among the forms of energy integrated into microfluidic systems, electric fields are particularly advantageous for achieving precise control at the microscale. This review focuses on the design and fabrication of microelectrodes that drive electrokinetic phenomena, dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electroosmotic flow (EOF), key techniques for particle and fluid manipulation in microfluidic devices. DEP relies on non-uniform electric fields to manipulate particles based on their dielectric properties, while EOF utilizes uniform electric fields to generate consistent fluid flow across microchannels. Advances in microelectrode fabrication, including photolithography, soft lithography, and emerging non-cleanroom techniques, are discussed. Additionally, the review explores innovative approaches such as rapid prototyping, contactless electrodes, and three-dimensional structures, along with material considerations like conductive polymers and carbon composites. The review discusses the role of microelectrodes in enhancing device functionality, scalability, and reliability. The paper also identifies challenges, including the need for improved fabrication reproducibility and multifunctional integration. Finally, potential future research directions are proposed to further optimize DEP- and EOF-based microsystems for advanced biomedical and diagnostic applications.
The Joint Contribution of Host Genetics and Probiotics to Pig Growth Performance
Authors: Han Jinyi , Wang Mingyu , Zhou Shenping , Wang Zhenyu , Duan Dongdong , Li Mengyu , Li Xiuling , Xin Wenshui , Li Xinjian
Published: February 2025

Intestinal probiotics significantly regulate the growth performance of their host, with their composition being influenced by various factors. While many studies have explored how gut microbiota composition affects growth traits such as body weight and BMI, the research on probiotics influenced by host genetic factors, and their subsequent impact on host growth performance, remains limited. To address this research gap, we collected fecal and tissue samples, as well as phenotypic data, from 193 Yunong black pigs at 280 days of age. We then sequenced and genotyped all 193 subjects using the 50K SNP BeadChip, yielding a comprehensive dataset for genetic and microbiome analyses. We then employed microbiome-wide association studies (MWAS), a meta-analysis, and microbiome-wide genetic association studies (MGWASs) to examine the relationship between host genetics, gut microbiota, and growth performance. Four key microbial taxa, namely Coprococcus, Blautia, Ruminococcaceae, and RF16, were identified as being significantly associated with body weight and BMI. The MGWAS analysis revealed that both Coprococcus and Ruminococcaceae were significantly associated with host genomic variations. A total of four important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were mapped to two chromosomal regions, corresponding to three candidate genes. Among them, the candidate genes INPP4B, SCOC, and PABPC4L were identified as being related to the abundance of key microbes. This study provides new insights into the joint contributions of host genetics and probiotics to host growth traits, offering theoretical guidance and data support for the development of efficient and targeted breeding strategies.
Transgenic Maize of ZmMYB3R Shapes Microbiome on Adaxial and Abaxial Surface of Leaves to Promote Disease Resistance
Authors: Chao Shengqian , Zhang Yin , Hu Yue , Chen Yifan , Li Peng , Sun Yu , Song Lili , Hu Yingxiong , Wang Hui , Wu Jiandong , Lv Beibei
Published: February 2025

The phyllosphere is one of the largest habitats for microorganisms, and host genetic factors play an important role during the interaction between microorganisms and the phyllosphere. Therefore, the transgene may also lead to changes in the maize phyllosphere. ZmMYB3R was identified as a drought-tolerant gene in Arabisopsis. Here, we employed metagenomic sequencing to analyze the microbiome of the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces on ZmMYB3R-overexpressing (OE) and wild-type (WT)·maize, aiming to dissect the possible associations between ZmMYB3R and changes in phyllosphere microbiome functioning. Our results revealed that overexpressing ZmMYB3R altered the alpha and beta diversity of the phyllosphere microbiome. In OE plants, more beneficial microbes accumulated on the phyllosphere, while pathogenic ones diminished, especially on the abaxial surface of ZmMYB3R leaves. Further analysis of disease resistance-related metabolic pathways and abundances of disease resistance genes revealed significant differences between OE and WT. The inoculation experiment between OE and WT proved that ZmMYB3R increased the disease resistance of maize. In conclusion, the results reveal that transgenes affect the phyllosphere microbiome, and ZmMYB3R might alter leaf disease resistance by reshaping the phyllosphere microbiome structure. These findings help us understand how ZmMYB3R regulates leaf disease resistance and may facilitate the development of disease control by harnessing beneficial microbial communities.
Highly Pleomorphic Strains of the Vibrio Predator Pseudoalteromonas piscicida and Their Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Scanning Electron Micrographic Study
Authors: Richards Gary P. , Uknalis Joseph , Watson Michael A.
Published: February 2025

Pseudoalteromonas species are recognized for their probiotic roles in reducing pathogens in aquaculture products by secreting a broad range of antimicrobial compounds. Some species, like P. piscicida, are also predators that attack susceptible prey bacteria, including V. parahaemolyticus, by transferring outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing digestive compounds to the surface of their prey. These vesicles digest holes in the prey’s cell wall releasing nutrients upon which the Pseudoalteromonas feed. In the present study, scanning electron microscopy was performed on two P. piscicida strains grown in sterile seawater and nutrient-enriched seawater, without the presence of bacterial prey, to determine if the presence of prey or low-nutrient media was required to induce vesicle formation. Micrographs revealed OMV formation and high pleomorphism of P. piscicida in the absence of prey cells and regardless of the nutrient levels of the seawater. Phenotypic characteristics included the presence of (i) vesiculated and non-vesiculated bacteria, (ii) large bulbous OMV versus small OMV, (iii) pilus-like connectors of widely varying lengths to which vesicles were attached, (iv) highly elongated (10 µm long) Pseudoalteromonas cells, and (v) cells that appeared to extend to 50 µm long and to be septating and dividing into short chains and individual cells. The possible contribution of these novel phenotypes to Pseudoalteromonas predation is discussed.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Argillaceous Rocks in the Upper Wuerhe Formation in the Mahu 1 Well Block of the Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Fu Hao , Li Yongjun , Qin Jianhua , Duan Fenghao , Xu Xueyi , Peng Nanhe , Yang Gaoxue , Liu Kai , Wang Xin , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2025

The Mahu Sag, where the Mahu 1 well block is located, is one of the most important hydrocarbon-rich depressions in the Junggar Basin, NW China. The Permian Upper Wuerhe Formation (UWF) constitutes the primary layer of the unconventional tight oil reservoir in the Mahu Oilfield. To explore the provenance and sedimentary environment during the deposition of the UWF in the study area, we determined the clay mineralogy and whole-rock geochemical composition of argillaceous rocks. The results show that the primary minerals in argillaceous rock are feldspar, clay minerals, quartz, and a minor amount of hematite. The clay minerals identified included illite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, and illite/smectite mixed layers. The tectonic setting of the provenance area for the UWF is a continental island arc, associated with a cutting magmatic arc. The main provenance area is related to the Baogutu tectonic belt (the Zhayier Mountain and the Hala’alate Mountain). The bedrock primarily consists of acidic igneous rocks, with minor occurrences of intermediate–basic igneous and sedimentary rock. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) shows that the parent rocks of the argillaceous rocks have experienced moderate–strong chemical weathering. Combining the Sr/Cu and ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, δEu values, and clay mineral characteristics, we determined that the paleoclimate during the deposition of the UWF was generally warm and humid, with occasional short-term dry and cold periods. The UWF gradually changes, according to the relative humidity and enhanced chemical weathering from the bottom to the top. An analysis of trace elements, paleosalinity, and paleowater depth indicate that the studied argillaceous rocks were deposited in a shallow-water oxidation environment of continental fresh water with weak hydrodynamic conditions.