bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SECONDARY AMYLOIDOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: Aoki Shigehisa , Ikuta Koji , Nonogaki Tsunemasa , Nagamatsu Kiyokazu
Published: August 2010

Various organs from rabbits immunized with heat‐killed E. eoli 0: 14 to induce chronic polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined for amyloid deposition since amyloidosis is a frequent feature of long‐standing RA. Amyloids were confirmed mainly by polarizing as well as nonpolarizing light microscopy after Congo red staining and partly by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase technique. Amyloid deposits after an additional 2 months from the first appearance of arthritis were most frequently found in the spleen and kidneys suggesting secondary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis was observed in 36% of 75 arthritic rabbits. The incidence of amyloidosis was significantly higher in the arthritic rabbits than in the non‐arthritic rabbits (plt0.05). This suggests that prolonged sensitization with heat‐killed E. coli 0:14 containing endotoxic substance participates in the formation of both arthritis and amyloidosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1335 ‐1346, 1986.
RENAL ONCOCYTOMA
Authors: Akizuki Shin'ichiro , Tanabe Katsuhiko , Setoguchi Mihoko , Yoshida Seiji , Higuchi Yasunori , Yamamoto Shunsuke
Published: August 2010

Up to date only five cases of renal oncocytomas have been reported in Japan. We describe two cases of renal oncocytomas. Case 1: A 63‐year‐old woman, who had no urological symptoms, was pointed out of a cystic mass in the left kidney by chance. A resected kidney had a cystic tumor, which was well encapsulated and measured 6 v 7 times 8 cm. The tumor was unilocular and thick‐walled cyst filled with bloody fluid. Histologically, the tumor was composed of oncocytes with eosinophilic granular cytoplasms that were packed with mitochondria. Case 2: A 70‐year‐old woman died of malignant lymphoma and an autopsy was performed. The tumor was found in the right kidney by chance and measured 1 cm in diameter. The cut‐surface of the tumor was uniform and tan‐brown in color. Histologically, the tumor was composed of cells same as Case 1. We discuss the incidence of this tumor and the morphological characteristics of our cases. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1377 ‐1382, 1986.
UTERINE TUMOR RESEMBLING OVARIAN SEX‐CORD TUMOR WITH OSTEOID METAPLASIA
Authors: Iwasaki Isao , Yu Ten Jun , Takahashi Atsushi , Asanuma Katsumi , Izawa Yoshihiko
Published: August 2010

A rare uterine tumor showing sex‐cord‐like differentiation and marked osteoid metaplasia was found in a 33‐year‐old female. The tumor, occupying the uterine fundus, was multilobular, fleshy, and yellowish white, with punctations and poorly defined tumor margins into the subserosa. The tumor nodules were mostly composed of small, round, rather regular neoplastic cells with scanty cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. Epithelioid neoplastic cells with striking ovarian sex‐cord‐like arrangement, surrounded by fibrous tissue, were noticed. Polygonal neoplastic cells with marked osteoid metaplasia were also detected. The authors introduce an infrequent variant of uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex‐cord tumor with osteoid metaplasia, probably of endometrial stromal cell origin. Because of deep myometrial infiltration without vascular invasion, malignant potential is considered. The patient is now alive without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis after abdominal total hysterectomy. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36: 1391–1395, 1986.
HETEROTOPIC BRAIN OF THE TONGUE
Authors: Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao , Yamashita Hiroto , Moriuchi Akira , Mochizuki Yuichi , Matsushima Rintaro , Mizuki Harumi
Published: August 2010

A 6‐week‐old male infant with lingual mass suffered from feeding difficulty and respiratory distress. Resected specimens revealed brain tissue composed of astroglia, oligodendroglia, ependyma, choroid plexus, neuronal cells, and primitive cells but no other elements suggestive of teratoma, therefore it was diagnosed as heterotopic brain of the tongue. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 1397 ‐1402, 1986.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE IMMUNE COMPLEX AND GERMINAL CENTER OF SYNOVIAL TISSUE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO COMPLEMENT AND FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS
Authors: Kasajima Takeshi , Sato Takashi , Yamakawa Mitsunori , Masuda Akihiko , Imai Yutaka
Published: August 2010

To analyze the immunological role of Iymphoid germinal centers and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we tried to detect the immune complex in germinal centers by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with special emphasis on immunoglobulin, complement components, RA factor, and DRC‐1 antigen. Immunoglobulins mainly distributed intercellularly in the germinal center in a lacy network pattern, and show partial intracytoplasmic localization in some germinal center lymphoid cells. Early complement components of classical pathway (C1q, C4, C3c, and C3d) and RA factor distributed lacily similarily to immunoglobulin, but intracytoplasmic positivity is never observed. These coexistent positive sites are identical to DRC‐1 positive sites which are the surface of extended processes of FDC membrane. A similar finding is observed in primary follicles or lymphoid aggregates less often than germinal centers. These results indicate that some germinal centers trap the immune complex, including RA factor at least closely related with FDCs, and also RA factor is one of the triggers of antigen as well as developing germinal centers.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE OF ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: August 2010

Eight adrenocortical adenomata from patients with Cushing's syndrome were examined by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopically, the reticulin fibers were markedly prominent in areas of the compact‐type cells and ran tangentially to the adenoma cells or parenchyma! cells. Electron microscopically, adrenocortical adenoma was composed of parenchymal cells, interstitial cells, and endothelial cells. In areas of the clear‐type cells, the parenchymal cells were arranged in long columns and covered by the sinusoidal wall. In areas of the compact‐type cells, the sinusoid was well‐developed and meandering. The dilated intercellular space was conspicuous and filled with filamentous substance and collagen fibrils. The parenchymal cells appeared to produce the filamentous substance and collagen fibrils, and underwent fragmentation. Interstitial cells and fragmented cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells were found in the intercellular and perisinusoidal space. It was likely that the fragmented cytoplasm flowed into the sinusoid. Experimental study using cell culture methods revealed these phenomena, especially a production of collagen fibrils. ACTA
PRIMARY SMALL CELL CARCINOMA OF SKIN Histogenetical Study
Authors: Cachaza J. Aneiros , Moral R. Garcia Del , Caballero J. Loupez , Ruiz M. Caracuel , Morales T. Caballero
Published: August 2010

Four cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the skin (PSCCS) are presented (ages ranging from 60 to 68 years). Ultrastructurally, two cell types were identified, with both presenting electron‐dense secretory granules and paranuclear intermediate filaments. Argyrophylia was positive in one case. Intense solar elastosis in two cases and actinic keratosis in one case suggest a possible role from solar damage in the pathogenesis of this tumor. According to comparative ultrastructural features, different histogenetic possibilities in Merkel cells (MC), peripheral neuroblastic tissue, and totipotential cells are discussed. Some neurosecretory‐like granules were observed in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We consider that PSCGS reproduces cells similar to MC and probably originates in stern cells with totipotential capacity.
PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND WITH ANAPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE METASTATIC FOCI An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Kawahara Ei , Ooi Akishi , Oda Yoshio , Katsuda Shogo , Terahata Shintako , Michigishi Takatoshi
Published: August 2010

An immunohistochemical study was made on an autopsy case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with anaplastic transformation in the metastatic foci occurring in a 72‐year‐old woman. The anaplastic carcinoma cells were sarcomatous in appearance, and they were vimentin‐positive and cytokeratin‐negative. Whereas, papillary tumor cells which were intermingled in the anaplastic carcinoma contained both cytokeratin and vimentin. The close correlation between tumor cell anaplasia and the expression of the different intermediate filament proteins in thyroid carcinoma was briefly discussed.
LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF THE SPERMATIC CORD: A Case Report and a Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Kinjo Mitsuru , Hokamura Keizo , Tanaka Kenzo , Fujisawa Yasuhito , Hara Sanshin
Published: August 2010

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord, occurring in a 79‐year‐old male patient, is reported. The tumor was resected with high inguinal ligation and orchiectomy. It was located at the scrotal part of the spermatic cord on the left side and was shown to have originated from the spermatic duct using the dissecting method. Histologlcally, it was identical to leiomyosarcoma showing a typical morphological appearance of smooth muscle cell tumor in the conventional histochemical preparations as well as a focal positive reaction to antidesmin antibody, a marked nuclear pleomorphism, and abundant mitotic figures. The patient had been untroubled for six months after the resection of the tumor. Leiomyosarcoma arising in spermatic cord is quite rare.
EXPRESSION OF Ha‐ras ONCOGENE PRODUCT IN RAT GASTROINTESTINAL CARCINOMAS INDUCED BY CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS
Authors: Yasui Wataru , Sumiyoshi Hiromichi , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Oda Noriko , Kameda Takashi , Tanaka* Takeo , Tahara Eiichi
Published: August 2010

The expression of Haras oncogene product in rat gastrointestinal carcinomas induced by N‐methyl‐N‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 1, 2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was studied by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using anti‐Haras p 21 oncoprotein antibody. In Western blotting, high levels of c‐Haras p 21 were found in serially transplantable rat duodenal carcinomas induced by MNNG and rat colon carcinomas induced by DMH. mmunohistochemically, c‐Haras p21 immunoreactivity was detected in 3 (16.7%) of 17 MNNG‐induced stomach carcinomas and in 21 (63.6%) of 33 DMH‐induced colon carcinomas, respectively. In the colon carcinomas, c‐Ha‐ras p 21 immunoreactivity in deeply invasive tumors was stronger than that in superficially invasive tumors and was expressed in all subserosal tumors. Moreover, all of the metastatic colon carcinomas had c‐Ha‐ ras p 21 immuno‐reactive tumor cells. These findings suggest that c‐Ha‐ ras p21 expression plays an important role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis of DMH‐induced colon carcinoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1731–1741, 1987.
CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY OF THE FUKUYAMA TYPE (FCMD) WITH SEVERE MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS: A Case Report with Postmortem Angiography
Authors: Miura Katsutoshi , Shirasawa Haruyuki
Published: August 2010

Autopsy findings of a 17‐year‐old Japanese male with the typical features of congenital muscular dystrophy of the Fukuyama type (FCMD) are presented. This case showed progressi. ve muscular dystrophy and central nervous system malformation, accompanied by severe myocardial fibrosis. Large mitochon‐drial dense bodies were found in both the cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Postmortem coronary angiography failed to reveal the presence of any obstructive lesions resposible for myocardial fibrosis. It was also demonstrated that abnormal vessels proliferating in an area of micropolygyria (MPG) in the cerebrum were branches of the cortical artery originating from the pia mater. The cerebral malformation was accompanied by basal skull deformities.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF VIRUS PARTICLES OBSERVED IN A T‐CELL LINE DERIVED FROM A MOUSE SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOMA
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Fujimoto Shigeyoshi , Takata Masaru , Aoyama Atsuko , Hoshino Munemitsu , Akagi Tadaatsu
Published: August 2010

Intracytoplasmic type A virus particles in clusters, associated with budding, immature type B and mature type B‐like particles were observed in a T‐cell line derived from a spontaneous lymphoma of an A/J mouse. These particles shared the antigenic determinants with murine mammary tumor virus from RIII, C3H, and GR strains as revealed by both indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods at ultrastructural level.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF LYMPHOCYTIC INTERACTION WITH HEPATOCYTES AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN ACUTE NON‐A, NON‐B HEPATITIS
Authors: Indue Osami , Itakura Hideyo , Toriyama Kan , Satoh Akira , Furukawa Ryuji , Kusumoto Yukio , Ishii Nobuko , Koji Toshihiko , Nagataki Shigenobu
Published: August 2010

In the liver biopsy specimens of all six patients with acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, the lymphocytic interaction with hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells was observed by electron microscopic study. Lymphocytes were in a close contact with damaged hepatocytes and interrupted endothelial cells, and the microvilli on the surface of these damaged hepatocytes were degenerated and lost. These findings pointed out the possibility that the lymphocyte may play one of the important roles in hepatocytic damage and endothelial cell damage in acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis.
TISSUE COPPER CONTENT IN PRIMARY AND METASTATIC LIVER CANCERS
Authors: Haratake Joji , Horie Akio , Takeda Shigeaki , Kobori Katsuji , Sato Hitoshi , Tokudome Shinkan
Published: August 2010

Tissue copper contents in 38 primary and 45 metastatic hepatic malignancies and 15 control livers were analyzed by atomic absorption spectro‐photometry. The average copper content of 15 control livers was 23.1 ± 13.0 μg/g dry weight (μg/gdw). The copper content of five cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) and 45 metastatic cancers was almost equal to the control level. Thirty three hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) contained a larger amount of copper (61.5 ± 76.8 μg/gdw) than the control livers (p < 0.05), but the copper content of HCCs showed a considerably wide variation. The average copper content of nine minute HCCs (126 ± 112 μg/gdw) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of 24 large HCCs (37.2 ± 39.9 μg/gdw). Histologically, orcein and paramethylaminobenzylidene rhodalne positive granules were seen in eight and four of nine minute HCCs, respectively. These granules were also found in some large HCCs, but were never found in CCCs and metastatic cancers. It was concluded that these excessive accumulations of copper and copper‐binding proteins might present a helpful finding to distinguish some cases of HCC, especially small HCC, from CCCs, metastatic cancers and hypertrophic regenerative nodules of cirrhotic livers. The significance and possible pathogenesis of these copper accumulations in HCCs require further studies.
AMYLASE IN THYROID TISSUES FROM NORMAL AND VARIOUS THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Mizukami Yuji , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Hashimoto Takuma , Okumura Jiro , Matsukawa Shigeru , Tanishima Kiyoo
Published: August 2010

Amylase activity was measured in thyroid tissues of various thyroid diseases and was analysed electrophoretically. Normal thyroid tissues contained significant amounts of amylase (mean ± SD; 2.71 ± 1.15 lU/g of tissue), and their amylase isozyme was composed of a majority of salivary type isoamylase and other peculiar isoamylase. The statistical decrease of amylase activities in tissues of Graves' disease under hyperthyroldism, thyroid carcinoma, and most of thyroid adenomas were found (Graves' disease; 1.04 ± 0.41, carcinoma; 1.49 ± 1.10, adenoma (except five cases with high activity); 0.88 ± 0.49 IU/g tissue). Five of 18 cases of adenoma showed strikingly higher amylase activity in their tissues. Electrophoretical patterns of amylase isoenzymes in these five adenoma tissue were different from those of normal thyroid tissues. The cellular localization of amylase in the normal thyroid tissues and the adenoma tissues was also demonstrated immunohlstochemically.
MEMBRANOUS LIPODYSTROPHY
Authors: Sageshima Masato , Masuda Hirotake , Kawamura Koichi , Shozawa Takeshi
Published: August 2010

Membranous lipodystrophy is a peculiar systemic disease almost exclusively found in Japan and Scandinavia and characterized by formation of numerous membranous structures in the adipose tissue of bone marrow and soft tissue. Light and electron microscopic study of a biopsy case of the disease was presented. The membranous structures consisted of membrane and inner space on both light and electron microscopic study. The membrane consisted of two kinds of layers, dense and amorphous. The dense layer was positive for lipid stainings. The amorphous layer did not show any definite lipld constituents and was supposed to consist of an amorphous substance derived from abnormal fat metabolism of diseased fat cells, degenerative cytoplasms of the diseased cells, and/or stromal cells. It probably also had some stromal substance alteration due to membranolipodystrophic change. Accumulation of the amorphous layer in the interstitium leads to degeneration and disappearance of adjacent fat cells. This process may play a role in further advance of membranous structures.
PRIMARY LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF BONE
Authors: Kameda Noriaki , Kagesawa Mineyuki , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Akima Michio , Ohki Megumi , Matsumoto Tsukasa
Published: August 2010

A 62‐year‐old female with primary leiomyosarcoma of the left femur is reported with a review of 21 cases reported in the literature. The resected specimen showed that the tumor extended from the femoral head to the diaphysis for 13cm in length. The tumor showed mainly intramedullary proliferation, but extraosseous growth was also noted at the great trochanter. Microscopic examination revealed well differentiated leiomyosarcoma characterized by interlacing bundles of fusiform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and rod‐shaped hyperchromatic nuclei. PAP stain of actin on the tumor cells was positive. On electron microscopy, microfilament of 6–8 nm in diameter, dense bodies, plnocytotic vesicles, marginal attachment plate, and basal lamina were noted. The patient died with pulmonary metastasis, 1 year and 7 months after the operation. An autopsy showed metastases in the right pelvic cavity and bilateral lungs, and confirmed the primary site to be the left femur.
ENCEPHALOCELE, POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS, AND POLYDACTYLY WITH OTHER DEFECTS
Authors: Ueda Norifumi , Sasaki Nobutaka , Sugita Atsuro , Gotoh Noboru , Yamamoto Shiroh , Yano Tatsuya , Ochi Hiroshi , Nishimura Tetsukazu , Matsuura Shumpei , Fukunishi Ryo
Published: August 2010

Meckel syndrome, which is diagnosed by 2 of 3 main congenital malformations such as an occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly, is an autosomally inherited recessive disease. We have experienced a case of Meckel syndrome and performed necropsy. Necropsy findings revealed multiple congenital malformations with occipital meningo‐encephalocele and agenesis of the cerebellum, 6 digits on the hands and feet, polycystic kidneys. The criteria of Meckel syndrome is still unclear. We propose that the diagnosis of this syndrome may be accompanied by the presence of all triad of main malformations. Ninety four cases satisfying this criteria have been reported in the world literature. Several discussion were made from a review of the literature.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASGULAR COAGULATION (DIC)
Authors: Kawasaki Hideaki , Hayashi Keiki , Awai Michiyasu
Published: August 2010

Renal tissues of 208 autopsied cases were examined. Malignant neoplasm with hematological malignancies often accompanied DIG. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH), and were applied for immunoperoxidase method (IP), using antisera against human fibrinogen, FDP‐D and FDP‐E. Histologically in 80 cases (38%) fibrin or fibrinogen related materials (FRMs) were observed in the glomerular capillary or the intratubular area or in both. FRMs were PTAH or IP positive or both in 23 of the 26 cases (88%) clinically diagnosed as DIC. In the remaining three cases anticoagulants probably Interfered with FRMs observation. This study showed the PTAH stain was nonspecific and insensitive to FRMs, and that IP was necessary for a pathological diagnosis of DIC. The presence of FRMs in the renal tubuli is an important finding in confirming DIG. DIC may be present histologically in the absence of clinical DIC symptoms.
NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS
Authors: Akai Keiichiro , Uchigasaki Shinya , Tanaka Uichiro , Komatsu Akio
Published: August 2010

The pathological changes in the brains of seven patients who had been clinically diagnosed as normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are described and the possible etiological mechanisms are discussed. The pathological findings in all cases consisted of demyelination akin to Binswanger's type of encephalopathy, especially in the frontal lobes. Arteriosclerosis accompanied by occasional organized thrombi and scattered microinfarcts in the periventricular white matter were seen. Focal leptomeningeal fibrosis, diminution of arachnoidal granulations, and non‐specific aging processes were noted. Among the above of particular interest, was the degeneration of both periventricular and deep white matters with microinfarcts, and moderate to severe arteriosclerosis. On the basis of these observations, we assume that the degeneration in the white matter is not merely a secondary change due to the result of enlargement of ventricle, but plays an important role in the development of NPH. The development of NPH requires not only the disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid, but also the pre‐or coexisting vulnerability in the white matter caused by variables such as ischemia, hypoxia, and trauma.
DEMONSTRATION OF PITUITARY TISSUE WITH 6 CELLS IMMUNOREACTIVE TO PITUITARY HORMONES IN A SACROCOCCYGEAL TERATOMA
Authors: Ikeda Hidetoshi , SASANO Nobuaki
Published: August 2010

A sacrococcygeal teratoma, containing mature‐appearing anterior pituitary tissue, was first reported with the result of an immunohistochemical analysis for pituitary hormones. All kinds of adenohypophyseal endocrine cells were demonstrated in the anterior pituitary tissue in this teratoma. This study revealed that the anterior pituitary tissue being contained together with nerve tissues in a sacrococcygeal mature teratoma has the capacity to produce at least six anterior pituitary hormones.
HEPATITIS‐ASSOCIATED APLASTIC ANEMIA WITH SYSTEMIC PLASMACYTOSIS
Authors: Nishimoto Yukio , Iwahashi Tsukasa , Nishihara Toru , Katayama Hiroyuki , Kueibayashi Koichi , Takao Toshihiko , Saito Koji
Published: August 2010

An autopsy case of hepatitis associated aplastic anemia was presented. A 58‐year‐old Japanese female with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis was admitted on August 2, 1983. Moderate grade of fever and hemorrhagic diathesis appeared on September 16, when hepatitis was evaluated as being under resolving. The peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were consistent with aplastic anemia. Since infection was suggested by increased levels of serum gamma‐globulin and CRP, treatment with antibiotics as well as prednisolone and blood transfusion was initiated. Since September 21, gradual tenderness and edema on the right lower abdominal wall appeared. She died on October 3.

On postmortem examination, systemic plasmacytosis with lymphadenopathy and septic monilial infection was revealed. Numerous plasma cells were atypical, but were immunohistochemically proved to be polyclonal. The bone marrow showed a massive and diffuse plasma cell proliferation with extremely scarce myeloid cells and megakaryocytes. There was a large granulomatous lesion with monilial infection in the wall of the ileocecum. By these findings, systemic plasmacytosis was suspected to be due to chronic monilial infection.

The pathogenesis of systemic plasmacytosis in aplastic anemias and in other diseases were discussed with relation to the present case.
Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on Rat Stomach Carcinogenesis Induced by N‐Methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine
Authors: Yasui Wataru , Takekura Naoki , Kameda Takashi , Oda Noriko , Ito Masanori , Ito Hisao , Tahara Eiichi
Published: August 2010

The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on rat stomach carcinogenesis induced by N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitro‐soguanidine (MNNG) was studied. Male Wistar rats given MNNG for 30 weeks in drinking water (80 μg/ml) were treated with S.C. injections of human EGF (10 μg/kg, once daily) at various stages of the carcinogenesis. Four (30.8%) out of 13 rats treated with EGF immediately after cessation of the MNNG treatment had stomach tumors including one adenocarcinoma, one adenoma and two carcinoids. No stomach tumor was found in rats treated with MNNG alone or in those treated with MNNG and EGF for different periods such as synchronously for 10 weeks, for 30 weeks or throughout the experiment. These findings suggest a possible enhancing effect of EGF on stomach carcinogenesis in rats. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 165‐171, 1990.
Loss of Anionic Sites from the Glomerular Basement Membrane in Human Glomerulonephritides
Authors: Washizawa Kazuhiko
Published: August 2010

Changes in glomerular anionic sites were analyzed in 31 patients with various types of glomerulonephritis using the high iron diamine thiocarbohydrazide‐silver proteinate method. On the basis of the degree of proteinuria at the time of biopsy, the patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: Group 1, less than 10 mg/kg/24 h; Group 2, 10‐50 mg/kg/24 h; Group 3, more than 50 mg/kg/24 h. The number of glomerular anionic sites per 300 nm length of the lamina rara externa was 16.20±3.37 in Group 1, 12.19±3.42 in Group 2 and 9.97±2.51 in Group 3. Moreover, smaller and irregularly distributed anionic sites, and a greater loss of anionic sites in the paramesangial region were observed in Groups 2 and 3. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the mesangial sclerosis index and the number of anionic sites (r =−0.40) in patients with IgA nephropathy (9 cases) and nephritis of Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (6 cases). These results suggest that the proteinuria seen in various types of glomerulonephritis is related to the loss of glomerular anionic sites, i.e., dysfunction of the charge‐selective barrier. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 172‐180, 1990.
Astrocytoma with Granular Cell Tumor‐like Changes. Report of a Case with Histochemical and Ultrastructural Characterization of Granular Cells
Authors: Nakamura Toshitsugu , Hirato Junko , Hotchi Masao , Kyoshima Kazuhiko , Nakamura Yuichi
Published: August 2010

A peculiar case of astrocytoma showing a histological appearance similar to granular cell tumor was reported. The tumor consisted of large round cells containing numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules, partially intermingled with atypical astrocytes, and part of it showed a transition to distinct areas of fibrillary astrocytoma. The granules were periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive (with resistance to diastase digestion), negative for fat stains and revealed lectin‐binding patterns similar to those in granular cell tumor. Ultrastructurally the granules were partially membrane‐bound, dense bodies compatible with secondary lysosomes. It was suggested that the granular cells were of astrocytic origin because of their immuno reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ultrastructural observation of intermediate filaments corresponding to GFAP. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 206‐211, 1990.
Biliary Sludge and Microcalculi in Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
Authors: Terada Tadashi , Nakanuma Yasuni , Saito Katsuhiko , Kono Naoko
Published: August 2010

To clarify the morphology and pathogenesis of intrahepatic calculi in the incipient stage, we examined biliary sludge and microcalculi in intrahepatic bile ducts by morphologic and X‐ray microanalytical methods in 18 (1.5%) among 1,179 autopsied livers. The hepatobiliary conditions of these 18 livers were intra and extrahepatic biliary obstruction in 14 cases, hepatic fibrosis in three cases, and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma in the remaining one. Grossly, brown pigmented microcalculi were observed floating in biliary sludge. Microscopically, the biliary sludge was composed of mucin, fibrinous materials, desquamated epithelial cells and a few bilirubin granules. The microcalculi were embedded in the sludge and consisted of mucin and precipitates of bilirubin with a granular, lamellar or amorphous appearance. Bacterial colonies were recognized in both the sludge and microcalculi in all but three cases. Intrahepatic bile ducts harboring sludge and microcalculi showed a minimal to moderate degree of glandular proliferation with mucin production. X‐ray microanalysis disclosed that the sludge contained little calcium ion, whereas microcalculi were calcium rich. These findings suggest that biliary obstruction, bacterial infection and mucin hypersecretion play an important role in the formation of intrahepatic biliary sludge and microcalculi, and that sludge is causally related to the formation of intrahepatic microcalculi. Intrahepatic microcalculi and biliary sludge may represent a pathogenetic sequence in the early stage of calcium bilirubinate hepatoiithiasis. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 894–901, 1990.
Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Vulva
Authors: Mandai Koichi , Moriwaki Shosuke , Motoi Makoto
Published: August 2010

A case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva is reported. A 43 year‐old woman presented initially in 1987 with a left vulvar mass which clinically was thought to be a lipoma or a Bartholin gland cyst. Local excision was performed after a 27 month follow‐up without any change in size. The resected tumor measured 2.7x2.0x2.0cm and had a smooth, glistening and myxoid cut surface. Histologically, the lesion was composed of spindle shaped or stellate neoplastic cells, which were loosely textured in the fibromyxoid matrix, and a prominent vascular component characterized by randomly distributed vascular channels of variable caliber. Immunohistochemically, the tumor ceils were positive for vimentin, but not for desmin and myosin. The fine structure of the neoplastic cells was compatible with that of fibroblasts rather than myofibroblasts. These findings suggest the fibroblastic differentiation of this tumor. The patient is currently well with no evidence of recurrence, 7 months after excision of the tumor. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 927–934, 1990.
A Histopathological Study of Age‐related Changes of the Left Bundle Branch in the Human Heart
Authors: Sakaguchi Yasuhiro , Kato Shigeru , Kawamoto Atsuhiko , Uemura Shiro , Sutani Toshio , Kagoshima Tadashi , Ishikawa Hyoe , Okada Ryozo
Published: August 2010

To study age‐related changes in the left bundle branch (LBB), 32 autopsied hearts were examined histopathologically using serial sections according to the method of Lev. Each division of LBB was carefully studied, i.e., the anterior and posterior radiations and the proximal, middle, and distal portions of radiations. An increase of fibrosis and fatty infiltration were observed in the LBB with aging. There was a tendency for fibrosis to be more prominent in the proximal LBB at the site of transition from bundle branch cells to Purkinje cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 730‐736, 1991.
Solid and Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas in an Adult Male
Authors: Tsunoda Tsukasa , Eto Toshifumi , Tsurifune Takahito , Tokunaga Shigeki , Ishii Tatsuhiro , Motojima Koichi , Matsumoto Teiji , Segawa Tohru , Ura Kazuhide , Fukui Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

A solid and cystic tumor (SCT) was located at the head of the pancreas in a 43‐year‐old Japanese male, and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed on the suspicion of papillary carcinoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The lesion, which measured 4.5 X 4.5 X 4.0 cm, was clearly demarcated by connective tissue. The cut surface showed solid grayish‐white areas with central cystic degenerative changes. The solid areas consisted of small round cells proliferating in a small solid or a pseudopapillary pattern. The tumor cells partially invaded the surrounding normal pancreatic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive staining for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and neuron‐specific enolase, but no staining for known pancreatic hormones. Moreover, ultrastructural studies showed the absence of zymogen granules and the presence of anullate lamellae and neurosecretory granules. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of SCT of the pancreas was established. In order to clarify the histogenesis and biological behavior of the tumor, it is necessary to accumulate and analyze similar cases, an endeavor which in turn will contribute to the successful management of this disease. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 763‐770, 1991.
Detection of Burst‐promoting Activity in Spleens of Myeloproliferative Sarcoma Virus‐infected Mice Using Serum‐free Cultures
Authors: Matsuo Ko , Oda Hideaki , Fukushima Toyohiro , Matsuoka Junko , Hashimoto Norizo , Tadokoro Kenji , Kohama Hajime , Sato Mayumi , Jasmin C. , Urano Yoshinori , Tange Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2010

Myeloproliferative syndrome was induced in adult DBA/2 mice by inoculation with myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) and Friend murine leukemia virus (F‐MuLV) as a helper virus. On day 26 after infection, the spleen weighed a maximum of 2.0 g (about 30 times the control weight). Assay of multipotent stem cells in vitro showed that the more enlarged spleens contained an increased number and concentration of mixed colony‐forming units (CFU‐mix) (at maximum, 11 times higher than the control). When the supernatant of cultured spleen cells was added to a serum‐free bone marrow cell culture with or without eryth‐ropoietin (Epo) for detection of burst promoting activity (BPA), it enhanced erythroid mixed colony (E mix) formation only in the presence of Epo (p < 0.05). Even when addition of Epo was delayed, it still induced a significant number of E‐mix (p < 0.05). These findings rule out a mimic effect of Epo resembling BPA and indicate the presence of BPA in the spleen. The culture supernatant also supported the proliferation of interleukin 3 (IL‐3)‐dependent 32Dcl cells. Therefore, although purification of the BPA substance has not yet been accomplished, BPA in the supernatant seems to depend on the presence of IL‐3, which is known to be one of the factors stimulating multi‐potent hemopoietic stem cells. The presence of BPA‐or CFU‐mix‐stimulating activity in the spleen after infection might be responsible for the development of panmyelosis, which is a characteristic of MPSV‐induced myeloproliferative syndrome.
Expression of Functional Molecules in Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Itami Makiko , Takenouchi Toshinao , Tamaru Junichi , Harigaya Kenichi , Mikata Atsuo
Published: August 2010

It is well known that non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cells express various antigens which are normally involved in a variety of functions. In addition, NHL is diverse in its proliferative capacity. To investigate the relation between these factors and the clinical picture, 45 cases of NHL were studied by immunohistochemistry using snap‐frozen materials obtained before therapy. Reactivities with 27 monoclonal antibodies were examined and the results were correlated with clinical findings. The expression of surface μ and CAM‐1 in B‐NHLs and CD25 in T‐NHLs were significantly associated with bone marrow involvement. B‐NHLs without expression of CD21(B2) and T‐NHLs with CD25 were seen more frequently in cases with a LDH value of over 500 units/ml. The positivity rate of Ki‐67 on B‐NHLs was correlated with serum LDH value, NHL histologic classification, and overall survival. These data indicate that immunophenotyping and determination of the proliferative capacity of NHL are of value not only for confirmation of the histopathologic classification of the tumor but also for assessment of clinical behavior.
An Autopsy Case of Necrotizing Ventriculo‐encephalitis Caused by Cytomegalovirus in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Suzumiya Junji , Marutsuka Kousuke , Ueda Shuzou , Uno Hisamitu , Eizuru Yoshito , Sumiyoshi Akinobu
Published: August 2010

A 59‐year‐old Japanese woman with Hodgkin's disease developed progressive dementia and died of pneumonia. The autopsy revealed necrotizing ventriculoencephalitis caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations. It is suggested that CMV ventriculoencephalitis could occur not only in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but also in other immunocom‐promised hosts.
Paraganglioma of the Cauda Equina
Authors: Yoshida Aichi , Umekita Yoshihisa , Ohi Yasuyo , Hatanaka Shingo , Yoshida Hiroki
Published: August 2010

A case of paraganglioma of the cauda equina is reported. The patient was a 55 year old Japanese woman who complained of lower back pain and gradual weakening of the left lower extremity, she was diagnosed as having a spinal cord tumor, and the tumor was removed surgically. Histologically, the tumor was encapsulated, and consisted of solid nests of large, polyhedral epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nests were separated from each other by a thin fibrovascular stroma. Grimelius staining revealed neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. This was further confirmed by electron microscopic observation. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), but negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). On the basis of the histologic, immunohisto‐chemical and electron microscopic features of the tumor cells, the tumor was diagnosed as paraganglioma. The cauda equina is a rare location for this type of tumor, and only a limited number of cases have been reported.
Malignant Lymphomas of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: A Clinicopathologic and lmmunohistochemical Study
Authors: Kojima Masaru , Hosomura Yasuo , Kurabayashi Yoshiyuki , Ohno Yoshihiro , Itoh Hideaki , Yoshida Katsue , Johshita Takashi , Tamaki Yoshio , Niibe Hideo , Nakamura Shigeo , Suchi Taizan
Published: August 2010

The clinicopathologic and immunohistological features of 20 Japanese patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) limited to the sinonasal area were studied using a broad panel of T‐ and B cell markers on paraffin‐embedded and fresh frozen tissue. All cases showed a diffuse growth pattern. Nine cases were B cell lymphomas (immunoblas‐tic n = 4, centroblastic n = 3, immunocytoma n = l, centrocytic n = l), and nine were T‐cell lymphomas (pleomorphic medium and large cell n = 8, angioimmuno‐blastic n = 1). In two cases, the cell lineage could not be determined. No morphologic features of angiocentric/an‐giodestructive lymphoproliferative lesions or lymphoepithe‐lial lesions in ductal or glandular epithelium were seen in our series. Eight (89%) of the nine T‐ cell tumors and four(44%) of the nine B ‐ cell neoplasms involved both the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Six of the nine T ‐ cell neoplasms showed a clinical presentation of rhinitis, whereas all of the B ‐ cell neoplasms showed tumor masses in the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses. The two‐year survival rate for T cell lymphomas was poorer than that for B‐cell lymphomas. The five‐year survival of patients with NHLs involving both the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses was also poorer than that of patients in whom NHLs were limited to the nasal cavity. Acta Pathol Jpn 42:333–338, 1992.
Accumulation of Cholesteryl Ester in Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Takano Tatsuya
Published: August 2010

This article reviews aspects of the molecular pathology of cholesteryl ester accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. 1. Transcytosis of lipoproteins through a cultured endothelial monolayer. 2. Effects of platelets and PGI, on intercellular transport of endothelial cells. 3. Transformation of macrophages to foam cells. 4. Cholesteryl ester deposition in the extracellular space of atherosclerotic lesions. The development and use of novel monoclonal antlbodies recognizing atherosclerotic lesions and peroxidized lipoproteins prepared from then are also discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 625–631, 1992.
Atypical Adenoma of the Thyroid: A Clinicopathologic and Flow Cytometric DNA Study in Comparison with Other Follicular Neoplasms
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu , Shinozaki Noboru , Endo Yasuhiko , Ushigome Shinichiro
Published: August 2010

A clinicopathologic and DNA flow cytometric study was performed on seven patients (three males, four females) with atypical adenoma of the thyroid gland, using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. The results were compared with those of 30 follicular adenomas and 13 follicular carcinomas. The patients ranged in age from 32 to 74 years (mean: 55.8 years), and the mean follow‐up period was 11.0 years. All patients except two who died of other diseases were free of thyroid disease after initial surgery. It showed that there was no evidence of clinical cancer in this follow‐up study of patients operated on for atypical adenomas. Four of the atypical adenomas were diploid, two were aneuploid, and one was tetraploid. Twenty‐seven of the 30 follicular adenomas were diploid. Three patients with aneuploid follicular adenoma were free of disease. Of the 13 follicular carcinomas with a mean follow up period of 6.9 years, five were diploid, seven were aneuploid, and one was tetraploid. Two patients with aneuploid follicular carcinoma and one with diploid carcinoma developed lung metastases, and one patient each with diploid and aneuploid follicular carcinoma died of disease. There was no significant correlation between histologic features, ploidy status and prognosis among follicular carcinomas. The results of this study suggest that DNA flow cytometric analysis is not a useful tool for predicting the clinical behavior of follicular neoplasms. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 632–638, 1992.
Extra medullary Plasmacytoma of the Thyroid, Associated with Follicular Colonization and Stromal Deposition of Polytypic Immunoglobulins and Major Histocompatibility Antigens Possible Categorization in MALT Lymphoma
Authors: Aihara Hideo , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Ishikawa Hiroki
Published: August 2010

A 78 year old woman complaining of a neck mass underwent right hemithyroidectomy. The 7×6 cm thyroid tumor consisted predominantly of mildly atypical, epithelial membrane antigen‐positive plasma cells and scattered lymphoid follicles. Features of follicular colonization (plasma cell infiltration into germinal centers) were noted. Numerous CD45RO‐positive reactive T cells and a smaller number of CD2O‐positive blast‐like B cells were also distributed among the plasma cell infiltrate. IgG, x‐type mono‐clonality with J‐chain reactivity was identifled in the plasma cells, including those in the lymphoid follicles. The association of pre‐existing lymphocytic thyroiditis was confirmed histologically in the non‐tumorous thyroid tissue. The tumor exhibited deposition of reticulin flber‐rich, amorphous eosinophilic substances, provoking pronounced foreign body reactions. The deposit, polytypically im‐munoreactive for immunoglobulin γ‐,μ‐, ϰ‐ and Λ chains, β2‐microglobulin and HLA‐DR, was scarcely reactive upon amyloid staining, and consisted ultrastructurally of electron‐dense, non‐fibrillar material and entrapped collagen fibers. Multiple myeloma was ruled out by laboratory, histologic and clinical examinations. The possible categorization of this extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid within low‐grade B cell lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 672–683, 1992.
Intra‐pancreatic, Extra‐tumoral Perineural Invasion (nex)
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki , Ishikura Hiroshi , Kato Hiroyuki , Tanabe Tatsuzo , Yoshiki Takashi
Published: August 2010

A histopathologic study of 65 resected malignant lesions of the pancreas was done to search for a histologic predictor for the presence of extra‐pancreatic neural plexus involvement by carcinoma cells. Extra‐pancreatic neural plexus invasion by pancreas carcinoma cells, p/x(+), was detected in 28 of 65 cases (43%). plx(+) was not significantly associated with tumor location, tumor size, histologic type, or lymph vessel invasion (ly) by carcinoma cells but was significantly associated with rpe. P/x(+) was also significantly associated with mixed moderate and severe degrees of intra‐pancreatic neural invasion (ne2/ne3 group), but not with mixed no and slight degrees (ne0/ne, group). However, fourteen p/x(+) cases were excluded in the ne2/ne3 group; they were found in the ne, group. Therefore, ne factors appear to have a certain but limited usefulness for the prediction of plx(+). When a perineural invasion by tumor cells was found within the pancreas but outside of the major mass of cancer, it was designated “intra‐pancreatic, extra‐tumoral perineural invasion (nex)”. The presence of nex(+) was found in 37 cases, in which 24 out of the 28 p/x(+) cases (85.7%) were included. A statistically significant association was found between p/x(+) and nex(+). In particular, 12 out of the 14 p/x ‐ positive ne, cases were nex(+). In ne, cases, 33.3% (14/42) were p/x(+), whereas in ne1 and nex(+) cases, 60% (12/20) were p/x(+). There was a statistical significance between these two figures (p < 0.05). Thus, nex(+) appears to be a useful indicator for p/x(+), particularly in ne, cases.
Histochemical Demonstration of Gastrointestinal Mucins in Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenoma
Authors: Shiozawa Tanri , Tsukahara Yoshiharu , Ishii Keiko , Ota Hiroyoshi , Nakayama Jun , Katsuyama Tsutomu
Published: August 2010

Forty‐one specimens of mucinous cystadenoma (MCA) of the ovary and 13 specimens of normal uterine endocervix were investigated histochemically using alcian blue pH 2.5 PAS, high iron diamine‐alcian blue pH 2.5, galactose oxidase Schiff reaction (GOS, for detection of gastric surface mucous cell mucins), paradoxical Concanavalin A staining (PCS, for detection of gastric gland cell mucins) and periodic acid‐sodium borohydride‐potassium hydroxide PAS (PA SB‐PH‐PAS) reaction (for detection of mucins of the large intestine). In addition, Grimelius staining was carried out to explore the distribution of endocrine cells. The MCAs contained abundant neutral mucins but a little acid mucins, whereas sulfomucins predominated in normal endocervices. Among the MCAs, 30, 26, 2 and 9 had tumor cells positive for GOS, PCS, PA‐SB‐PH PAS and Grimelius stain, respectively. These results indicate that MCAs frequently contain tumor cells of the gastrointestinal type and endocrine cell type. En‐docervical epithelia, on the other hand, lack reactivity for PCS, PA SB PH PAS and Grimelius stain, although in 8 of the present specimens, the lining cells showed weak GOS reactivity.
Pancreatic Polypeptide‐immunoreactive Gallbladder Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Iida Yumi , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: August 2010

Gallbladder carcinoid tumor seen in a 62 year old woman is described. The neoplasm with typical histologic features of classic carcinoid tumor was a 10 × 8 × 3 mm polyp at the neck of the gallbladder. The argyrophilic tumor cells were diffusely immunoreactive for neuron‐specific enolase, cystatin C, chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide. A few cells were further positive for somatostatin. The presence of neurosecretory type granules was confirmed ultrastructuraily. The cfinicopathoiogic significance of polypoid presentation of gallbladder carcinoid tumor is emphasized.