bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taurocholic acid represents an earlier and more sensitive biomarker and promotes cholestatic hepatotoxicity in ANIT‐treated rats
Authors: Yang Hang , Yang Tingting , Ding Jiaxin , Wang Xue , Chen Xi , Liu Jia , Shu Ting , Wu Ziteng , Sun Lixin , Huang Xin , Jiang Zhenzhou , Zhang Luyong
Published: July 2024

Bile acid homeostasis is crucial for the normal physiological functioning of the liver. Disruptions in bile acid profiles are closely linked to the occurrence of cholestatic liver injury. As part of our diagnostic and therapeutic approach, we aimed to investigate the disturbance in bile acid profiles during cholestasis and its correlation with cholestatic liver injury. Before the occurrence of liver injury, alterations in bile acid profiles were detected in both plasma and liver between 8 and 16 h, persisting up to 96 h. TCA, TCDCA, and TUDCA in the plasma, as well as TCA, TUDCA, TCDCA, TDCA, TLCA, and THDCA in the liver, emerged as early sensitive and potential markers for diagnosing ANIT‐induced cholestasis at 8–16 h. The distinguishing features of ANIT‐induced liver injury were as follows: T‐BAs exceeding G‐BAs and serum biochemical indicators surpassing free bile acids. Notably, plasma T‐BAs, particularly TCA, exhibited higher sensitivity to cholestatic hepatotoxicity compared with serum enzyme activity and liver histopathology. Further investigation revealed that TCA exacerbated ANIT‐induced liver injury by elevating liver function enzyme activity, inflammation, and bile duct proliferation and promoting the migration of bile duct epithelial cell. Nevertheless, no morphological changes or alterations in transaminase activity indicative of liver damage were observed in the rats treated with TCA alone. Additionally, there were no changes in bile acid profiles or inflammatory responses under physiological conditions with maintained bile acid homeostasis. In summary, our findings suggest that taurine‐conjugated bile acids in both plasma and liver, particularly TCA, can serve as early and sensitive markers for predicting intrahepatic cholestatic drugs and can act as potent exacerbators of cholestatic liver injury progression. However, exogenous TCA does not induce liver injury under physiological conditions where bile acid homeostasis is maintained.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Johnson Martin , Kaschek Daniel , Ghiorghiu Dana , Lanke Shankar , Miah Kowser , Schmidt Henning , Mugundu Ganesh M.
Published: July 2024

Adavosertib (AZD1775) is a potent small‐molecule inhibitor of Wee1 kinase. This analysis utilized pharmacokinetic data from 8 Phase I/II studies of adavosertib to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of adavosertib in patients (n = 538) with solid tumors and evaluate the impact of covariates on exposure. A nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach was employed to estimate population and individual parameters from the clinical trial data. The model for time dependency of apparent clearance (CL) was developed in a stepwise manner and the final model validated by visual predictive checks (VPCs). Using an adavosertib dose of 300 mg once daily on a 5 days on/2 days off dosing schedule given 2 weeks out of a 3‐week cycle, simulation analyses evaluated the impact of covariates on the following exposure metrics at steady state: maximum concentration during a 21‐day cycle, area under the curve (AUC) during a 21‐day cycle, AUC during the second week of a treatment cycle, and AUC on day 12 of a treatment cycle. The final model was a linear 2‐compartment model with lag time into the dosing compartment and first‐order absorption into the central compartment, time‐varying CL, and random effects on all model parameters. VPCs and steady‐state observations confirmed that the final model satisfied all the requirements for reliable simulation of randomly sampled Phase I and II populations with different covariate characteristics. Simulation‐based analyses revealed that body weight, renal impairment status, and race were key factors determining the variability of drug‐exposure metrics.
Application of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of Bowen's disease
Authors: Ding Shu , Hu Lingxue , Rao Yu , Ren Ruijian , Tong Xiaoliang , Guo Aiyuan , Huang Jian , Tang Zhen
Published: July 2024

Bowen's disease (BD) is a relatively rare early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma in situ, most commonly affecting the middle‐aged and elderly, and occurring on the skin or mucous membranes of various parts of the body. Its onset is concealed, the course of the disease is chronic, and some patients have malignant tumors outside the skin; therefore, it is necessary to diagnose and evaluate the disease at an early stage. This study aimed to investigate the application of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the diagnosis of BD. We performed RCM imaging on the lesion site and underwent skin biopsy for histological diagnosis of 92 patients initially diagnosed with BD in clinic. A retrospective analysis of the RCM result as well as the histological examination revealed that after analyzing RCM images, out of 92 biopsy lesions, 61 were diagnosed with BD, of which 54 were consistent with RCM diagnosis. Among the 59 cases diagnosed with BD by RCM, 54 cases were consistent with the histological diagnosis. Afterwards, we analyzed the RCM characteristics in patients with BD verified by biopsy, and compared the RCM images of two different lesions, classic Bowen's disease and pigmented Bowen's disease, and further summarized the key points of BD under RCM. Finally, we focused on the differential characteristics between BD and other skin diseases in RCM. RCM is of great value in the diagnosis of BD.

Research Highlights

A retrospective study of RCM and histological diagnosis in patients with clinical diagnosis of BD.

Analyze the RCM characteristics of skin lesions verified by biopsy.

RCM is of great value in the diagnosis and differentiation of BD.
Relationship between Salmonella enterica attachment and leaf hydrophobicity, roughness, and epicuticular waxes: a focus on 30 baby‐leaf salads
Authors: Truschi Stefania , Marini Lorenzo , Cacciari Ilaria , Baldi Ada , Bruschi Piero , Lenzi Anna , Baales Johanna , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria V. , Schreiber Lukas , Marvasi Massimiliano
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The first step in the contamination of leafy vegetables by human pathogens is their attachment to the leaf surface. The success of this is influenced strongly by the physical and chemical characteristics of the surface itself (number and size of stomata, presence of trichomes and veins, epicuticular waxes, hydrophobicity, etc.). This study evaluated the attachment of Salmonella enterica to 30 baby‐leaf salads and tested whether the differences found among them were related to the following leaf traits: hydrophobicity, roughness, and epicuticular waxes.

RESULTS

Differences in susceptibility to contamination by S. enterica were found between the 30 baby‐leaf salads investigated. The lowest attachment was found in wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) and lamb's lettuce ‘Trophy F1’ (Valerianella locusta [L.] Laterr.), with values of 1.63 ± 0.39 Log(CFU/cm2) and 1.79 ± 0.54 Log(CFU/cm2), respectively. Attachment was correlated with hydrophobicity (measured as contact angle) (r = −0.39) and epicuticular waxes (r = −0.81) but not with roughness (r = 0.24). The most important wax components for attachment were alcohols and, in particular, the three‐dimensional (3D) wax crystals of C26 alcohol, but fatty acids probably also had a role. Both these compounds increased hydrophobicity. The presence of thymol, whose antimicrobial properties are well known, was found in lamb's lettuce.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study can help to predict and control the attachment and contamination of leafy salads by enterobacteria. They also provide useful information for breeding programs aiming to develop cultivars that are less susceptible to human pathogens, enhancing the food safety of vegetables. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization of cold chain logistics distribution paths for community buying considering cost and time window: The case of J Center
Authors: Feng Qun , Hua Wei , Chen Chuanhao , Shi Xuejun , Ma Junyun
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the community group buying market has been developing rapidly, and the group buying categories are mainly fresh food, so one of the keys to the success of the community group buying platform lies in the supply chain logistics, in which the cold chain logistics is the key to guarantee the fresh food products for the time and quality. In this paper, on the combing research of the theories and problems of community group purchase, cold chain logistics, and vehicle path planning, in view of the existing problems of cold chain logistics and distribution business in Jinan distribution center of J company's community group purchase, taking into account the actual demand of the grid station and the characteristics of the fresh products to be stored at low temperatures, we constructed the optimization model of the cold chain logistics and distribution path that minimizes the total cost under the demand of the fuzzy time window of the grid station, and designed the distribution area is divided by using K‐means clustering, and then, the distribution path in each sub‐distribution area is optimized and solved by genetic algorithm, and then, the validity of the optimization scheme is verified, the number of distribution trucks used is reduced by two, and the distribution cost is reduced by 12.77%, and optimization measures such as promoting the standardization of warehousing and distribution, and creating a digital and integrated logistics information platform are proposed.
Looking beyond LCI: Multiple breath washout phase III slope derived indices and their application in chronic respiratory disease in children
Authors: Riley Mollie , Arigliani Michele , Davies Gwyneth , Aurora Paul
Published: July 2024

The multiple breath washout (MBW) test is widely reported in the context of Lung Clearance Index (LCI). LCI reflects global ventilation inhomogeneity but does not provide information regarding the localization of disease along the respiratory tree. The MBW‐derived normalized phase III slope (SnIII) indices (Scond and Sacin), instead, can distinguish between convective‐dependent and diffusion‐convection‐dependent ventilation inhomogeneity considered to occur within the conductive and acinar airways, respectively. In cystic fibrosis, Scond tends to become abnormal even earlier than LCI and spirometry. The value of Scond and Sacin in clinical practice has been recently explored in other respiratory conditions, including asthma, primary ciliary dyskinesia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiolitis obliterans, and sickle cell disease. In this narrative review we offer an overview on the theoretical background, potentialities, and limitations of SnIII analysis in children, including challenges and feasibility aspects. Moreover, we summarize current evidence on the use of SnIII‐derived indices across different groups of pediatric chronic respiratory disease and we highlight the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed in future studies.
Evidence of isochorismate channeling between the Escherichia coli enterobactin biosynthetic enzymes EntC and EntB
Authors: Bin Xue , Pawelek Peter D.
Published: July 2024

Enterobactin is a high‐affinity iron chelator produced and secreted by Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium to scavenge scarce extracellular Fe3+ as a micronutrient. EntC and EntB are the first two enzymes in the enterobactin biosynthetic pathway. Isochorismate, produced by EntC, is a substrate for EntB isochorismatase. By using a competing isochorismate‐consuming enzyme (the E. coli SEPHCHC synthase MenD), we found in a coupled assay that residual EntB isochorismatase activity decreased as a function of increasing MenD concentration. In the presence of excess MenD, EntB isochorismatase activity was observed to decrease by 84%, indicative of partial EntC‐EntB channeling (16%) of isochorismate. Furthermore, addition of glycerol to the assay resulted in an increase of residual EntB isochorismatase activity to approximately 25% while in the presence of excess MenD. These experimental outcomes supported the existence of a substrate channeling surface identified in a previously reported protein‐docking model of the EntC‐EntB complex. Two positively charged EntB residues (K21 and R196) that were predicted to electrostatically guide negatively charged isochorismate between the EntC and EntB active sites were mutagenized to determine their effects on substrate channeling. The EntB variants K21D and R196D exhibited a near complete loss of isochorismatase activity, likely due to electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged isochorismate substrate. Variants K21A, R196A, and K21A/R196A retained partial EntB isochorismatase activity in the absence of EntC; in the presence of EntC, isochorismatase activity in all variants increased to near wild‐type levels. The MenD competition assay of the variants revealed that while K21A channeled isochorismate as efficiently as wild‐type EntB (~ 15%), the variants K21A/R196A and R196A exhibited an approximately 5‐fold loss in observed channeling efficiency (~3%). Taken together, these results demonstrate that partial substrate channeling occurs between EntC and EntB via a leaky electrostatic tunnel formed upon dynamic EntC‐EntB complex formation and that EntB R196 plays an essential role in isochorismate channeling.
Conformational analysis of a new peptide derived from feline immunodeficiency virus gp36 in SDS micelles: An NMR‐MD based investigation
Authors: Santoro Angelo , Buonocore Michela , Firoznezhad Mohammad , Grimaldi Manuela , D'Ursi Anna Maria
Published: July 2024

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) shares structural similarities with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): the surface glycoprotein gp36 corresponds to the HIV gp41, which drives virus‐host cell interactions and is targeted by the peptide entry inhibitor enfuvirtide. Following a similar drug design strategy for the development of an anti‐FIV therapy, the present study investigates 627‐646gp36 NHR, a peptide sequence derived from a region of gp36 that was previously found to interfere with the antiviral activity of the peptide C8, which instead derives from the gp36 MPER. CD, NMR, and MD simulations were employed to probe the conformational characteristics of 627‐646gp36 NHR in the membrane‐mimicking environment of SDS micelles. Our data show that 627‐646gp36 NHR is characterized by three dynamic helix structures. MD simulations involving 627‐646gp36 NHR, C8, and a larger protein, including the CHR and MPER regions, suggest that the interaction of C8 with the MPER region, the origin of the antiviral activity of C8, is disfavored in the presence of 627‐646gp36 NHR in the simulation. This evidence can be useful for interpreting the molecular mechanism that leads to interference with the activity of C8, providing information on the folding/unfolding mechanism of the viral glycoprotein to design new strategies to inhibit viral entry.
Constrained model predictive control for networked jump systems under denial‐of‐service attacks and time delays
Authors: Qiu Li , Chen Runjie , Lin Shaolie , Liu Xueliang , Najariyan Marzieh
Published: July 2024

This article addresses the problem of model predictive control of networked jump systems in the presence of DoS attacks and time delays. In the structural framework of the network predictive control system, we mathematically model the networked jump system by using Markov chains to describe the time delays and a polytope model to describe the jump system phenomenon, considering the properties of DoS attacks and time delays. Based on this, we propose a strategy to lessen the effect of network constraints on the control performance of the system. This strategy involves the corresponding control inputs from the control sequence for real‐time active compensation. It includes adjusting the control sequence application length variation based on the duration of the DoS attacks and time delays at each moment. In addition, we demonstrate the recursive feasibility of the control strategy and the global asymptotic stability of the control system from a theoretical perspective through the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation arithmetic.
A differentiable dynamic modeling approach to integrated motion planning and actuator physical design for mobile manipulators
Authors: Lu Zehui , Wang Yebin
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the differentiable dynamic modeling of mobile manipulators to facilitate efficient motion planning and physical design of actuators, where the actuator design is parameterized by physically meaningful motor geometry parameters. The proposed differentiable modeling comprises two major components. First, the dynamic model of the mobile manipulator is derived, which differs from the state‐of‐the‐art in two aspects: (1) the model parameters, including magnetic flux, link mass, inertia, and center‐of‐mass, are represented as analytical functions of actuator design parameters; (2) the dynamic coupling between the base and the manipulator is captured. Second, the state and control constraints, such as maximum angular velocity and torque capacity, are established as analytical functions of actuator design parameters. This paper further showcases two typical use cases of the proposed differentiable modeling work: integrated locomotion and manipulation planning; simultaneous actuator design and motion planning. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of differentiable modeling. That is, for motion planning, it can effectively reduce computation time as well as result in shorter task completion time and lower energy consumption, compared with an established sequential motion planning approach. Furthermore, actuator design and motion planning can be jointly optimized toward higher performance.
Dynamics identification‐driven diving control for unmanned underwater vehicles
Authors: Zhong Yiming , Yu Caoyang , Xiang Xianbo , Lian Lian
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study of dynamics identification‐driven diving control for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Initially, a diving dynamics model of UUVs is established, serving as the foundation for the development of subsequent algorithms. A noise‐reduction least squares (NRLS) algorithm is then derived for parameter identification, demonstrating convergence under measurement noise from a probabilistic perspective. A notable feature of this algorithm is its skill in correcting raw data, thereby improving parameter identification accuracy. Based on the identified model, an improved fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) algorithm is introduced for diving control, consistently ensuring rapid convergence under 16 scenarios. Importantly, the proposed diving control algorithm effectively mitigates chattering by incorporating a dedicated filter, adaptively adjusting the switching gain, and substituting saturation function for sign function. Through experimental validation, the NRLS algorithm's advantage over the traditional least squares method becomes evident, with depth errors consistently below 3.5 cm. This indicates that the identified model closely aligns with the actual model, showcasing a commendable fit. Additionally, when compared to the traditional sliding mode controller and the proportional‐integral‐derivative algorithm, the FTSMC algorithm has superior performance, as indicated by a mean absolute percentage error consistently below 4%.
Self‐Consistent Thermodynamics and Dynamics during Polymer Glass Transitions
Authors: Liu Kun , Xu Shisen , Tian Ming , Ren Yongqiang , Mi. Jianguo
Published: July 2024

The mechanisms behind the polymer glass transition, though not fully elucidated, have garnered significant attention. The Locally Correlated Lattice (LCL) theory [R. P. White, J. E. Lipson, Macromolecules 2016, 49, 3987] provides a novel perspective on free volume and establishes the relationship between polymer glass transition and free volume. In this study, we present a dynamic theoretical model based on the thermodynamic LCL theory, focusing on the kinetic evolution of free volume during polymer glass transition. Our analysis simultaneously examines the segmental diffusion coefficient, dynamic correlation length, free volume, and isobaric heat capacity. The results indicate that, upon reaching a critical temperature, heterogeneous dynamics and singular thermodynamics emerge concurrently. This study establishes a comprehensive correlation between thermodynamic singularities and dynamic inhomogeneities, offering valuable insights into the polymer glass transition process.
Flexocatalysis Enhances Tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Anshuo , Xu Liuyang , Jia Yanmin , Yuan Meng , Zhang Jinhui , Liu Hengrui , Liu Shiqi , Zhu Yuhui , Wei Xindi , Tu Wenkang , He Yuchu , Ni Song , Jiang Xinquan , Zhang Xuwu
Published: July 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is long‐standing suffered from elevated tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) and prevalent hypoxic microenvironment within the solid malignancies. Herein, sound‐activated flexocatalysis is developed to overcome the dilemma of PDT through both enhancing tumor penetration of photosensitizers by reducing TIFP and establishing an oxygen‐rich microenvironment. In detail, a Schottky junction is constructed by flexocatalyst MoSe2 nanoflowers and Pt. Subsequently, the Schottky junction is loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and encapsulated within tumor cytomembrane to constitute a bionic‐flexocatalytic nanomedicine (MPI@M). After targeting the tumor, MPI@M orchestrates flexocatalytic water splitting in tumor interstitial fluid under acoustic stimulation to lower TIFP, which boosted the tumor penetration of ICG. Concurrently, the oxygen released from the flexocatalytic water splitting overcomes the limitation of hypoxia against PDT. Furthermore, superfluous singlet oxygen generated by PDT can induce mitochondrial dysfunction for further tumor cell apoptosis. After 60 min of flexocatalysis, both the 30% decrease of TIFP and the relieved tumor hypoxia are observed, significantly promoting the therapeutic effect of PDT. Consequently, MoSe2/Pt junction nanoflowers, with the excellent flexocatalytic performance, hold significant potential for future applications in biocatalytic cancer therapies.
Nanometric‐Mapping and In Situ Quantification of Site‐specific Photoredox Activities on 2D Nanoplates
Authors: Wu Shuyang , Lee Jinn‐Kye , Zhang Zhengyang
Published: July 2024

Defective layered bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) exhibits excellent photocatalytic activities in water purification and environmental remediation. Herein, in situ single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy is used to spatially resolve the photocatalytic heterogeneity and quantify the photoredox activities on individual structural features of BiOCl. The BiOCl nanoplates with respective dominant {001} and {010} facets (BOC‐001 and BOC‐010) are fabricated through tuning the pH of the solution. The corner position of BOC‐001 exhibits the highest photo‐oxidation turnover rate of 262.7 ± 30.8 s−1 µm−2, which is 2.1 and 65.7 times of those of edges and basal planes, respectively. A similar trend is also observed on BOC‐010, which can be explained by the heterogeneous distribution of defects at each structure. Besides, BOC‐001 shows a higher photoredox activity than BOC‐010 at corners and edges. This can be attributed to the superior charge separation ability, active high‐index facets of BOC‐001, and its co‐exposure of anisotropic facets steering the charge flow. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy to understand the facet‐dependent properties of single‐crystalline materials at nanometer resolution. The quantification of site‐specific photoredox activities on BiOCl nanoplates sheds more light on the design and optimization of 2D materials at the single‐molecule level.
Pressure‐Induced Re‐Entrant Superconductivity in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide TiSe2
Authors: Xia Wei , Wu Jiaxuan , Xia Chengliang , Li Zhongyang , Yuan Jian , An Chao , Liu Xiangqi , Wang Xia , Yu Na , Zou Zhiqiang , Liu Gang , Feng Jiajia , Zhang Lili , Dong Zhaohui , Chen Bin , Yang Zhaorong , Yu Zhenhai , Chen Hanghui , Guo Yanfeng
Published: July 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenide TiSe2 exhibits a superconducting dome within a low pressure range of 2–4 GPa, which peaks with the maximal transition temperature Tc of ≈1.8 K. Here it is reported that applying high pressure induces a new superconducting state in TiSe2, which starts at ≈16 GPa with a substantially higher Tc that reaches 5.6 K at ≈21.5 GPa with no sign of decline. Combining high‐throughput first‐principles structure search, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy measurements up to 30 GPa, It is found that TiSe2 undergoes a first‐order structural transition from the 1T phase under ambient pressure to a new 4O phase under high pressure. Comparative ab initio calculations reveal that while the conventional phonon‐mediated pairing mechanism may account for the superconductivity observed in 1T‐TiSe2 under low pressure, the electron‐phonon coupling of 4O‐TiSe2 is too weak to induce a superconducting state whose transition temperature is as high as 5.6 K under high pressure. The new superconducting state found in pressurized TiSe2 requires further study on its underlying mechanism.
Advancements and Challenges in the Integration of Indium Arsenide and Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Tiantian , Meng Yuxin , Luo Man , Xian Jiachi , Luo Wenjin , Wang Weijun , Yue Fangyu , Ho Johnny C. , Yu Chenhui , Chu Junhao
Published: July 2024

The strategic integration of low‐dimensional InAs‐based materials and emerging van der Waals systems is advancing in various scientific fields, including electronics, optics, and magnetics. With their unique properties, these InAs‐based van der Waals materials and devices promise further miniaturization of semiconductor devices in line with Moore's Law. However, progress in this area lags behind other 2D materials like graphene and boron nitride. Challenges include synthesizing pure crystalline phase InAs nanostructures and single‐atomic‐layer 2D InAs films, both vital for advanced van der Waals heterostructures. Also, diverse surface state effects on InAs‐based van der Waals devices complicate their performance evaluation. This review discusses the experimental advances in the van der Waals epitaxy of InAs‐based materials and the working principles of InAs‐based van der Waals devices. Theoretical achievements in understanding and guiding the design of InAs‐based van der Waals systems are highlighted. Focusing on advancing novel selective area growth and remote epitaxy, exploring multi‐functional applications, and incorporating deep learning into first‐principles calculations are proposed. These initiatives aim to overcome existing bottlenecks and accelerate transformative advancements in integrating InAs and van der Waals heterostructures.
Orthogonal DNA Self‐Assembly‐Based Expansion Microscopy Platform for Amplified, Multiplexed Biomarker Imaging
Authors: Tang Xiaochen , Li Wenxing , Chen Tianshu , Zhang Runchi , Yan Yilin , Liu Chenbin , Gou Hongquan , Zhang Fanping , Pan Qiuhui , Mao Dongsheng , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: July 2024

Expansion microscopy (ExM) facilitates nanoscale imaging under conventional microscopes, but it frequently encounters challenges such as fluorescence losses, low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and limited detection throughput. To address these issues, a method of orthogonal DNA self‐assembly‐based ExM (o‐DAExM) platform is developed, which employs hybridization chain reaction instead of conventional fluorescence labeling units, showcasing signal amplification efficacy, enhancement of SNR, and expandable multiplexing capability at any stage of the ExM process. In this work, o‐DAExM has been applied to compare with immunofluorescence‐based ExM for cellular cytoskeleton imaging, and the resolved nanoscale spatial distributions of cytoskeleton show outstanding performance and reliability of o‐DAExM. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the utility of o‐DAExM in accurately revealing exosome heterogeneous information and multiplexed analysis of protein targets in single cells, which provides infinite possibilities in super‐resolution imaging of cells and other samples. Therefore, o‐DAExM offers a straightforward expansion and signal labeling method, highlighting future prospects to study nanoscale structures and functional networks in biological systems.
Introduction: The American Climate Emergency Narrative
Authors: Höglund Johan
Published: July 2024

The introductory chapter problematises the prevalent notion that climate fiction written in North America is about a ‘climate crisis’ and that consuming such fiction can help readers move towards more sustainable futures. The introduction thus observes that the present biospheric crisis has been caused not by humans as a species, but by capitalism as a system and that this crucial fact is elided by many climate narratives. The introduction then argues that much of what has been called climate fiction in fact narrates the ongoing socio-ecological crisis as an emergency for capitalism rather than for the planet. In view of this, a better name for these texts is the American Climate Emergency Narrative. With the help of the world-literature perspective, the introduction explains how this is a type of text that emerges out of the core of the world-system and how it participates in the securitization of this world-system and of the US as its hegemon at a time of planetary socio-ecological crisis.
Settler Capitalist Frontiers
Authors: Höglund Johan
Published: July 2024

This chapter shows how writing from the early colonial period registers the extractive relationship between land and people on which the emerging capitalist world-ecology relied. The chapter moves through two distinct historical and narrative stages where the first is the settler colonial text that, from the very beginning, narrated ecology as an emergency-inducing space that needed to be violently combatted, and the second the white pro-slavery and abolitionist text that registered slavery and the plantation as central to the growing US economy, but also as drivers of human and ecological exhaustion.
Evaluation of Treatment Effect of Highway Subgrade Reconstruction Damaged by Large Landslide
Authors: Liu Shihong , Lei Qing , Jiang Bo , Zeng Yao
Published: July 2024

Highway in mountainous area is easily threatened by landslide and other disasters, so it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the prevention and control effect of the treatment when the subgrade is restored and rebuilt after landslide. In order to deeply study the landslide treatment effect of subgrade reconstruction, taking the landslide damage reconstruction of G326 highway in Guizhou Province as the object, the deformation and failure process of landslide induced by heavy rainfall is simulated, and the prevention effect of different treatment plans such as “cutting + anti-slide pile + anchor cable” is evaluated. The results show that with the increase of rainfall, the landslide deformation gradually expands from the vicinity of the front national G326 highway to the back edge; Under the combined treatment of “cutting + anti-slide pile + anchor cable”, the maximum displacement of the main sliding area of landslide is 3.1 mm, and the maximum displacement of the trailing edge is 1.7 mm, which makes the overall deformation in a controllable range. As a result, it has certain reference value for the reconstruction of highway subgrade engineering damaged by landslide.
Seismic Responses Analysis of Suspended Ceiling Structure Attached to Large LNG Storage Tank
Authors: Fu Yu , Cheng Jiuhuan , Su Juan
Published: July 2024

The suspended ceiling (SC) of LNG storage tank on land is mainly composed of hanger rods, reinforcing rings, and aluminum panels. The hanger rods are prone to damage during earthquakes, which will affect the safe operation of the whole storage tank. In order to facilitate the study of the response of the SC under horizontal seismic shaking, the finite element models of the hanger rods with four different sections, including rectangular, circular, thin-walled circular tube, and groove shape, were established using the ABAQUS software. By inputting EL-Centro horizontal seismic waves, the dynamic time-history analysis is carried out for four hanger rod models with different sections. The response characteristics of acceleration, displacement and internal force with time are obtained, and the comparative analysis results of the maximum peak acceleration (MPA), maximum peak displacement (MPD), and maximum peak internal force (MPIF) at each measuring point are obtained. The results show that the shape of the section has obvious influence on the seismic response of the hanger rods, and the amplitudes of the acceleration-time and displacement-time curves of the hanger rods with different sections are different, and the MPA, MPD and MPIF of the hanger rods are closely related to the shape of the section.
Technical Degradation Prediction of Bridge Components Based on Semi-Markov Degradation Model
Authors: Shang Zhiqiang , Hu Yerong , Chen Xiangyin , Liu Shiyu , Zhang Zejun
Published: July 2024

To overcome the limitations of traditional Markov bridge degradation prediction models, which fail to consider the interactions between different component degradation mechanisms and struggle to accurately capture the true degradation conditions of bridge components, introducing an improved version of the traditional Markov model by incorporating the Weibull distribution. This enhancement results in a semi-Markov model that offers a probability distribution for predicting the technical condition of bridge components. Taking advantage of periodic inspection data from a highway section in Shandong Province, China. With this data, the states of bridge components are defined in the semi-Markov degradation model. The improved semi-Markov model integrates a two-parameter Weibull distribution and involves determining the parameters of the Weibull distribution, transition probability matrix, and state distribution vector. The semi-Markov degradation model, in contrast to commonly used Markov degradation models, accounts for both the state and duration of each state, resulting in significantly more accurate predictions of the degradation process of bridge components, achieving a prediction accuracy of 96%. The developed semi-Markov bridge degradation model facilitates the timely detection of changes in the technical condition of bridge components by updating the transition probability matrix according to variations in the duration of each state, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent bridge maintenance decision-making.
Shear Strength Check of the Stud in Lightweight Composite Bridge Deck Accounting for Overloaded Vehicles
Authors: Huo Ning fei , Zhang Jiamu , Yin Wei , Cheng Jun , Liu Peishuo
Published: July 2024

This paper evaluates the shear strength of the steel stud connectors in the steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge deck composed of the orthotropic steel deck with closed U-ribs. The interlaminar shear stress between the UHPC pavement and the steel plate of orthotropic steel deck in the new steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge deck is computed using the finite element method, in which the influence of wheel loading conditions and overloaded vehicles are studied. Results show that the largest interlaminar transverse shear stress between UHPC pavement and steel plate is induced by the action of triple-axle loading. The interlaminar shear stress between the UHPC pavement and the steel plate will increase significantly under the action of the overloaded vehicles.
Optimized Fertilization’s Beneficial Impact on Soil Nutrient Levels and Its Influence on the Principal Agronomic Traits of Maize
Authors: Kuang Enjun , Zhu Baoguo , Zhang Jiuming , Zhu Yingxue , Yuan Jiahui , Hao Xiaoyu , Sun Lei
Published: July 2024

The soil nutrients, main agronomic indexes, and key yield factors during the maize growth period were studied by using a nutrient expert system to recommend optimal fertilization. The results showed that the fertilizer application had a significant impact on the growth and yield formation of maize, especially the N fertilizer application. N deficiency in maize seriously affected the yield and its component factors, while P and K deficiency had no significant effect on decreasing maize yield. The optimized fertilization treatment (NE) significantly reduced the bald tip length and increased the ear length and the yield of maize by 10.2% compared with the conventional fertilization treatment (FP). NE significantly increased the utilization rate of N, P, and K in maize, which was 20.1%, 12.4%, and 45.4% higher than that of FP. The trend of fertilizer N deficiency was opposite to NE, but P and K deficiency were not obvious. Compared with FP, soil organic matter of NE did not change significantly, and the pH value was increased. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were decreased by 51.9% and 3.9%, respectively. A significant correlation between maize yield and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, organic matter. In conclusion, the optimized fertilization treatment had obvious effects on the growth indicators and yield components of maize, improving the fertilizer utilization rate, and providing technical support for rational fertilization of maize.
Study on Dynamic Response of Gas Insulated Line Pipe Gallery Under Vehicle Traveling Loads
Authors: Li Lin , Wei Zhenzhong , Jiang Yunan , Liu Yong , Gong Junrong , Rong Kunjie , Tian Li
Published: July 2024

This study relies on the Huangbuling 500 kV transmission project to investigate the dynamic response law of gas insulated line (GIL) pipe gallery under vehicle traveling loads. A numerical model of GIL pipe gallery considering soil-structure interaction is developed using finite element software ABAQUS, and the effect of soil pressure on GIL is studied through static analysis. This study proposes a continuous step loading method for simulating vehicle traveling loads, and parametric analyses of different traveling directions and speeds are carried out to reveal the GIL’s dynamic response law in depth. The results show that the maximum stresses in the concrete and steel reinforcement cage of the GIL under soil pressure are located at the root of the right-side wall (both are less than the strength design value), and the maximum value of displacement is 6.556 cm occurs in the middle of the top plate. The maximum vertical acceleration, velocity and displacement responses under vehicle load occur at the top midpoint of the pipe gallery, while the maximum stress response occurs at the lower left corner. When heavy vehicle passes over the pipe gallery at different speeds, the peak acceleration, velocity and stress of the pipe gallery tends to increase with the increase of vehicle speed, while the peak displacement does not change significantly.
Reliability Analysis of Surrounding Rock Stability in Hydraulic Tunnels Based on Fuzzy Random Theory
Authors: Liu Jiangyu , Sun Xiao , Liu Yan , Wang He
Published: July 2024

The study of the stability of rock masses in hydraulic tunnels is a highly complex problem with significant uncertainty, involving a large amount of randomness and fuzziness. Traditional deterministic analysis methods are insufficient in capturing the aforementioned characteristics. Therefore, based on fuzzy random theory, this paper establishes a fuzzy random reliability calculation model for the stability of rock masses in hydraulic tunnels. The model constructs a functional relationship that represents the safety margin of the stability, taking into account the fuzziness and randomness of the failure events in hydraulic tunnels. The proposed model is applied to an engineering case study, and the computed results align well with the actual conditions. This model provides a more accurate reflection of the real state of the rock masses in hydraulic tunnels and offers a scientifically rational alternative for calculating the stability of rock masses in hydraulic tunnels.
Research on Seismic Vibration Table Simulation of Large LNG Storage Tanks Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Su Juan , Zhu Guanghui , Li Wenjie , Zhang Jinchi , Su Jingwei
Published: July 2024

In order to study the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance of a large LNG storage tank, a finite element analysis model of the shaking table test model of a large LNG storage tank was established by using finite element calculation software with the background of 160,000 m3 LNG storage tank. The seismic response of the model structure was studied from the three directions of acceleration amplification factor, relative displacement and strain, and the seismic performance of the storage tank model under different seismic waves was obtained. The research results are of great significance for the study of dynamic characteristics and overall seismic performance of large LNG storage tanks.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of Space Special-Shaped Steel Box Arch Bridge
Authors: Tan Donglian , Zhao Yue
Published: July 2024

Seismic fragility analysis is of paramount significance in studying the seismic characteristics of bridges, especially for special structures like special-shaped bridges. Special-shaped bridges exhibit more complex geometric and mechanical properties. Therefore, it is even more essential to conduct seismic fragility analysis for special-shaped bridges. Analyzing the response of special structures to lateral seismic loads benefits the evaluation of their seismic performance and facilitates enhancements in seismic design. A finite element model was established using Midas/Civil to investigate the seismic fragility of a space special-shaped steel box arch bridge under lateral seismic loads. To assess the seismic fragility of space special-shaped steel box arch bridges, displacement data from bridge abutments, arch support platforms, and bearings were selected as damage indicators. The seismic fragility curves for bridge components were constructed using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. In the end, the weighting method was adopted to calculate the seismic fragility curve for the entire bridge system. The bearings and bridge abutments are more susceptible to seismic damage under lateral seismic loads, making them the vulnerable components of the bridge. Among the four bearings, the ones located near the arch ribs have poorer seismic performance and constitute vulnerable areas in the bearing layout. Through the case study of the seismic fragility analysis of space special-shaped steel box arch bridge, common issues in the fragility analysis of special bridges were explored. This further provides rational recommendations for enhancing and improving the seismic design of special-shaped bridge structures.
Study on the Influence of Secondary Grouting on Soil Settlement Above Shield Tunnel
Authors: Wang H. L. , Ge J. J. , Wang M. , Jiang Y. X. , Feng S. , Li Y. D. , Ran L. , Jin T.
Published: July 2024

Secondary grouting can effectively control the ground settlement caused by shield construction and is widely used in urban shield tunnel construction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the grouting material and grouting effect of secondary grouting. Based on the background of below-passed Metro Line, this paper determines the optimal ratio of grouting materials by studying the effects of different cement content and superplasticizer addition on the fluidity, consistency, initial setting time and compressive strength of cement inert slurry, this paper also studies the influence of grouting on the settlement of soil above the tunnel by monitoring the settlement value of soil above the tunnel during grouting. This study contributes to the understanding of grouting techniques in urban shield tunnel construction. The results show that Grouting has a significant effect on controlling the settlement of shield machine in the later stage of crossing, and the ground settlement can be basically stable within 4 days.
Convergence Deformation of Existing Shield Tunnel Induced by Adjacent Shield Tunnelling Construction
Authors: Song Y. J. , Lu C. R. , Li X. J. , Zhao L. A. , Ye X. W. , Jin T.
Published: July 2024

The subway system has benefited the transportation in a lot of modern cities with advantages such as convenience, rapidity, large volume, etc. However, with the construction of more and more subway systems, the underground space is increasingly crowded. According to engineering practice, existing tunnel is inevitably distorted by adjacent tunneling construction, reducing stability and safety, especially when the distance between two tunnels is small. To explore the convergence deformation of existing tunnels, field monitoring and analysis are conducted on the convergence deformation of the existing tunnel induced by the adjacent tunnel construction. This research finds that: (i) the convergence of each monitoring section gradually develops and stabilizes, and then the convergence of tunnel segments exhibits “horizontal duck egg” pattern and non-uniform convergence pattern; and (ii) after the tunnel shield machine passes, due to the lateral compression deformation of surrounding soil, horizontal convergence of the existing tunnel has an increase in horizontal convergence and a decrease in vertical convergence.
Temperature Control Simulation of Rock Wall Crane Beam Based on Cooling Water Pipe
Authors: Ma Chuncheng , Zhang Haoming , Xu Shuangquan , Li Xiji
Published: July 2024

Currently, the problem of concrete cracks is one of the common quality problems that is difficult to solve in the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. In order to study the distribution law of concrete temperature field during the construction period of underground cavern rock wall crane beams, different cooling water pipe arrangements were adopted to simulate and analyze the internal temperature and stress of concrete. The results show that the three-layer parallel cooling water pipe arrangement has the best cooling effect and can effectively control concrete cracking.
Analysis of Temperature Field Characteristics in Seasonal Frost Region Airport Pavement Subgrade
Authors: Ma Yonghua , Zhang Zhimin , Yang Guoliang
Published: July 2024

To study the variation patterns of the temperature field in seasonal frost region airport subgrades, this research establishes a heat conduction equation with phase change latent heat as an internal heat source. During the freezing and thawing processes in seasonal frost regions, a numerical simulation model of airport subgrades is developed, with thermal characteristic parameters of the soil as research variables. The study focuses on investigating the characteristic changes in the temperature field of seasonal frost region airport subgrades, ultimately obtaining the variation patterns of shallow temperature within the natural subgrade and surface temperature.
Numerical Investigation of the Aerodynamic and Thermal Behavior of a Flow Around the Blades of an Axial Gas Turbine
Authors: Haddout S. , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2024

Gas turbines have emerged as integral components in various industrial applications, particularly in the generation of electrical power. The widespread adoption of gas turbines has sparked increased interest among researchers and designers to explore and enhance various aspects of this machinery. This study is dedicated to simulating the flow of compressible transonic fluid through a configuration of eight blades, akin to those found in gas turbines. The primary objective is to analyze and determine the pressure and temperature distribution surrounding each blade. The configuration under investigation aligns with the one previously studied by T. Arts through experimental means. The numerical results generated by the Fluent code will be examined and discussed, shedding light on the intricacies of fluid dynamics within this specific turbine blade arrangement. This research aims to contribute valuable insights for further refining the performance and efficiency of gas turbines in practical applications.