bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal snow data assimilation with the ICESat-2 laser altimeter
Authors: Mazzolini Marco , Aalstad Kristoffer , Alonso-González Esteban , Westermann Sebastian , Treichler Désirée
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The satellite laser altimeter ICESat-2 provides accurate surface elevation observations across the globe. Where a high-resolution DEM is available, we can use these measurements to retrieve snow depth profiles even in areas where snow amounts are poorly constrained, despite being of great societal interest. However, the adoption of these retrievals remains low since they are very sparse in space (the satellite measures along profiles) and in time (the revisit is 3 months). Data assimilation methods can exploit snow observations to constrain snow models and provide gap-free snow map time series. Assimilation of observations like snow cover is established, but there are currently no methods to assimilate sparse ICESat-2 snow depth profiles. We propose an approach that spatially propagates information using – instead of the classic geographical distance – an abstract distance measured in a feature space defined by topographical parameters and the melt-out climatology. We demonstrate this framework for a small experimental catchment in the Spanish Pyrenees through three experiments. We assimilate different observations in an intermediate-complexity snow model: fractional snow cover retrievals from Sentinel-2, snow depth profiles from ICESat-2 located in the proximity of the catchment, or both snow cover and depth in a joint assimilation experiment. Results show that assimilating ICESat-2 snow depth profiles successfully updates the neighboring unobserved catchment, improving the simulated average snow depth compared to the prior run. Moreover, adding the snow depth profiles to fractional snow-covered area observations leads to an accurate reconstruction of the snow depth spatial distribution, improving the skill score by 22 %.
Large errors in common soil carbon measurements due to sample processing
Authors: Even Rebecca J. , Machmuller Megan B. , Lavallee Jocelyn M. , Zelikova Tamara J. , Cotrufo M. Francesca
Published: May 2024

Abstract. To build confidence in the efficacy of soil carbon (C) crediting programs, precise quantification of soil organic carbon C (SOC) is critical. Detecting a true change in SOC after a management shift has occurred, specifically in agricultural lands, is difficult as it requires robust soil sampling and soil processing procedures. Informative and meaningful comparisons across spatial and temporal time scales can only be made with reliable soil C measurements and estimates, which begin on the ground and in soil testing facilities. To gauge soil C measurement inter-variability, we conducted a blind external service laboratory comparison across eight laboratories selected based on status and involvement in SOC quantification for C markets. To better understand how soil processing procedures and quantification methods commonly used in soil testing laboratories affect soil C concentration measurements, we designed an internal experiment assessing the individual effect of several alternative procedures (i.e., sieving, fine grinding, and drying) and quantification methods on total (TC), inorganic (SIC), and organic (SOC) soil C concentration estimates. We analyzed 12 different agricultural soils using 11 procedures that varied either in the sieving, fine grinding, drying, or quantification step. We found that a mechanical grinder, the most commonly used method for sieving in service laboratories, did not effectively remove coarse materials (i.e., roots and rocks), thus resulted in higher variability and significantly different C concentration measurements from the other sieving procedures (i.e., 8 + 2 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm with rolling pin). A finer grind generally resulted in a lower coefficient of variance where the finest grind to < 125 µm had the lowest coefficient of variance, followed by the < 250 µm grind, and lastly the < 2000 µm grind. Not drying soils in an oven (at 105 °C) prior to elemental analysis on average resulted in a relative difference of 3.5 % lower TC, and 5 % lower SOC due to inadequate removal of moisture. Compared to the reference method used in our study where % TC was quantified by dry combustion on an elemental analyzer, % SIC was measured using a pressure transducer, and % SOC was calculated by the difference of % TC and % SIC, predictions of all three soil properties (% TC, % SIC, % SOC) using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy were in high agreement (R2 = 0.97, 0.99, 0.90, respectively). For % SOC, quantification by loss on ignition had a low coefficient of variance (5.42 ± 3.06 %) but the least agreement (R2 = 0.83) with the reference method.
Temperature-enhanced effects of iron on Southern Ocean phytoplankton
Authors: Eich Charlotte , van Manen Mathijs , McCain J. Scott P. , Jabre Loay J. , van de Poll Willem H. , Jung Jinyoung , Pont Sven B. E. H. , Tian Hung-An , Ardiningsih Indah , Reichart Gert-Jan , Bertrand Erin M. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Middag Rob
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Iron (Fe) is a key limiting nutrient for Southern Ocean phytoplankton. Input of Fe into the Southern Ocean is projected to change due to global warming, yet the combined effects of a concurrent increase in temperature with Fe addition on phytoplankton growth and community composition are understudied. To improve our understanding of how Antarctic phytoplankton communities respond to Fe and enhanced temperature, we performed four full factorial onboard bioassays under trace metal clean conditions with phytoplankton communities from different regions of the Weddell and the Amundsen Seas in the Southern Ocean. Treatments consisted of a combined 2 nM Fe addition with 2 °C warming treatment (TF), compared to the single factor treatments of Fe addition at in-situ temperature (F), and non-Fe addition at + 2 °C (T) and at in-situ temperature (C). Temperature had limited effect by itself but boosted the positive response of the phytoplankton to Fe addition. Photosynthetic efficiency, phytoplankton abundances, and chlorophyll a concentrations typically increased (significantly) with Fe addition (F and/or TF treatments) and the phytoplankton community generally shifted from haptophytes to diatoms upon Fe addition. The < 20 µm phytoplankton fraction displayed population-specific growth responses, resulting in a pronounced shift in community composition and size distribution (mainly towards larger-sized phytoplankton) for the F and TF treatment. Such distinct enhanced impact of Fe supply with warming on Antarctic phytoplankton size, growth and composition will likely affect trophic transfer efficiency and ecosystem structure, with potential significance for the biological carbon pump.
Consistency between the Strain Rate Model and ESHM20 Earthquake Rate Forecast in Europe: insights for seismic hazard
Authors: Donniol Jouve Bénédicte , Socquet Anne , Beauval Céline , Piña Valdès Jesús , Danciu Laurentiu
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The primary aim of this research is to investigate how geodetic monitoring can offer valuable constraints to enhance the accuracy of the source model in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. We leverage the release of geodetic strain rate maps for Europe, as derived by Piña-Valdès et al. (2022), and the ESHM20 source model by Danciu et al. (2024) to compare geodetic and seismic moment rates across Europe, a geographically extensive region characterized by heterogeneous seismic activity. Seismic moment computation relies on the magnitude-frequency distribution proposed in the ESHM20 source model logic tree, which is based on earthquake catalogs and fault datasets. This approach allows us to account for epistemic uncertainties proposed in ESHM20. On the geodesy side, we meticulously calculate the geodetic moment for each zone, considering associated epistemic uncertainties. Comparing the distributions of geodetic and seismic moments rates at different scales allows us to assess compatibility. The geodetic moment rate linearly depends of the seismogenic thickness, that is therefore a pivotal parameter contributing to the uncertainty. In high-activity zones, such as the Apennines, Greece, the Balkans, and the Betics, primary compatibility between seismic and geodetic moment rates is evident. However, local disparities underscore the importance of source zone scale; broader zones enhance the overlap between geodetic and seismic moment rate distributions. Discrepancies emerge in low-to-moderate activity zones, particularly in areas affected by Scandinavian Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, where geodetic moment rates exceed seismic moment rates significantly. Nevertheless, in some zones where ESHM20 recurrence models are well-constrained, by either enough seismic events in the catalogue or mapped active faults, we observe an overlap in the distributions of seismic and geodetic moments, suggesting the potential for integrating geodetic data even in regions with low deformation.
Development of a multiphase chemical mechanism to improve secondary organic aerosol formation in CAABA/MECCA (version 4.7.0)
Authors: Wieser Felix , Sander Rolf , Cho Changmin , Fuchs Hendrik , Hohaus Thorsten , Novelli Anna , Tillmann Ralf , Taraborrelli Domenico
Published: May 2024

Abstract. During the last few decades, the impact of multiphase chemistry on secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) has been demonstrated to be the key to explaining laboratory experiments and field measurements. However, global atmospheric models still show large biases when simulating atmospheric observations of organic aerosols (OAs). Major reasons for the model errors are the use of simplified chemistry schemes of the gas-phase oxidation of vapours and the parameterization of heterogeneous surface reactions. The photochemical oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leads to products that either produce new SOA or are taken up by existing aqueous media like cloud droplets and deliquescent aerosols. After partitioning, aqueous-phase processing results in polyols, organosulfates, and other products with a high molar mass and oxygen content. In this work, we introduce the formation of new low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) to the multiphase chemistry box model CAABA/MECCA. Most notable are the additions of the SOA precursors, limonene and n-alkanes (5 to 8 C atoms), and a semi-explicit chemical mechanism for the formation of LVOCs from isoprene oxidation in the gas and aqueous phases. Moreover, Henry's law solubility constants and their temperature dependences are estimated for the partitioning of organic molecules to the aqueous phase. Box model simulations indicate that the new chemical scheme predicts the enhanced formation of LVOCs, which are known for being precursor species to SOAs. As expected, the model predicts that LVOCs are positively correlated to temperature but negatively correlated to NOx levels. However, the aqueous-phase processing of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) displays a more complex dependence on these two key variables. Semi-quantitative comparison with observations from the SOAS campaign suggests that the model may overestimate methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetrol (MeBuTETROL) from IEPOX. Further application of the mechanism in the modelling of two chamber experiments, one in which limonene is consumed by ozone and one in which isoprene is consumed by NO3 shows a sufficient agreement with experimental results within model limitations. The extensions in CAABA/MECCA are transferred to the 3D atmospheric model MESSy for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of aqueous- and/or aerosol-phase chemistry on SOA at a global scale in a follow-up study.
Simulations of Snow Physicochemical Properties in Northern China using WRF-Chem
Authors: Wang Xia , Che Tao , Ruan Xueyin , Yue Shanna , Wang Jing , Zhao Chun , Geng Lei
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Snow is a key component of the cryosphere and has significant impacts on surface energy balance, hydrology, atmospheric circulation, and etc. In addition, numerous studies have indicated that snow impurities, especially nitrate, are sensitive to sunlight and can be photolyzed to emit reactive species including NO2 and HONO, which serve as precursors of O3 and radicals and disturb the overlying atmospheric chemistry. This makes snow a reservoir of reactive species, and this reservoir is particularly important in remote and pristine regions with limited anthropogenic emissions. The magnitude of snow chemical emissions is also influenced by snow physical properties, including snow depth, density and concentrations of light-absorbing impurities (e.g., BC and dust). Exploring and elucidating the emissions and atmospheric consequences of the snow-sourced reactive species require a global or regional model with a snow module. Here, we parameterized atmospheric nitrate deposition and its distributions in snow using a regional chemical transport model, i.e., the WRF-Chem (the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry) model, and evaluated the performance of the WRF-Chem model in simulating snow cover, snow depth, and BC, dust and nitrate concentrations with field observations in northern China which is one of the regions with dense and prolong snow cover. The model reasonably reproduces the observed snow cover and depth in northeastern and northwestern China, and the observed snow dust and nitrate concentrations are also reasonably reproduced. These results illustrate the ability of WRF-Chem in simulating snow properties including concentrations of reservoir species in northern China, and in the future, we will incorporate snow nitrate photolysis in the model, exploring the emissions of snow NOx from nitrate photolysis and the impacts on local to regional atmospheric chemistry and air pollutant transformations.
The legal policy in fostering the use of alternative dispute resolution procedures
Authors: Zakharkina Anna
Published: May 2024

The complications of social relations contribute to the growth of the number of disputes that result from conflict situations. In these conditions, the role of the state’s legal policy, aimed at stimulating the participants of social relations to choose economical, efficient, and prompt methods of conflict resolution, is significantly increasing. Improving the quality of dispute resolution directly correlates with a drop in the number of cases pending before a judge. This is achievable only through the development of the mechanisms of pre-trial dispute resolution and conciliation procedures. This paper aims to study legal issues and perspectives on the development of alternative dispute resolution based on the analysis of the legal policy of the Russian Federation. To achieve the mentioned goal, comparative legal analysis, a systemic approach, and formal-juridical methods were used to show the current developments of the legal policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of stimulating and incentivizing alternative dispute resolution. Authors concluded that, unlike the domestic legal order, in foreign states, there is not only a formed normative basis for the procedures of alternative dispute resolution but also political acts of stimulating tone, designed to actively involved in these procedures more and more participants of social relations in a state of conflict. It has been established that the legal policy on introducing alternative dispute resolution procedures in foreign legal orders is characterized by a shifted emphasis on family law.
The development of the ideas of “electronic court” and “electronic mediation” in Russian and foreign law
Authors: Vorontsova Irina
Published: May 2024

This article focuses on the development and implementation of information technologies in courts of general jurisdiction. It compares the concept of “electronic court” in Russia and abroad and concludes with their different contents. Further, the article also focuses on using the “E-Court” system in Russia and “E-SUD” in Uzbekistan. This article analyzes the main problems hindering the development of mediation in Russia. In the future, mediation may become a key alternative to litigation because it saves time and money, maintains relations between the parties to a dispute, and makes a fair decision based on their sake. The development of mediation directly depends on the improvement of the legislative framework. Based on the identified issues, recommendations that will help to realize the potential of mediation have been proposed. The article aims to analyze the possibilities of developing electronic mediation and offers recommendations on the confidentiality of online mediation.
The notarial mediation as an alternative way of resolving legal disputes in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga , Andropova Tatyana
Published: May 2024

Mediation technologies are one of the alternative ways to resolve judicial disputes, and extrajudicial methods to resolve legal conflicts are a priority and promising direction. The mediation institute affects many aspects of social relations and is relevant in foreign legal orders and the Russian Federation. This paper aims to analyze the concept of notarial mediation as an alternative way of resolving legal disputes in the Russian Federation, define the issues related to its implementation, and further perspectives on its development. A set of methods was used to achieve the aim of the paper. Thus, the authors applied a systemic approach to study the implementation of the concept of “notarial mediation” in the Russian Federation. Also, comparative legal analysis was used to address the development of the concept of notarial mediation in different countries from a comparative perspective. The authors concluded that notarial mediation in the Russian Federation, one of the methods of out-of-court reconciliation, is becoming increasingly popular and in demand as an institution of dispute resolution with the help of a notary and a mediator (conciliator). Participation of a notary in the certification of the mediation agreement on the results of the mediation procedure guarantees the legality of the agreements reached and gives the mediation agreement executive force.
PEMBERIAN MADU TERHADAP GRADE LUKA GANGREN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II POST OPERASI DEBRIDEMENT
Authors: Rahayu Safitri , Andriati Riris , Pratiwi Rita Dwi , Pratama Defi Anggara , Indah Fenita Purnama Sari
Published: May 2024

Symptoms of tingling, pain in the hands and feet and reduced sensitivity or numbness will be very dangerous for the sufferer because if the sufferer is injured in the leg or hand the sufferer will not feel pain. Wounds will become more difficult to heal and then become ulcers/ulcers and can also become gangrene. Objective: To know the effect of honey administration on the degree of gangrene wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The research method used is a quasi-experiment design method using one design pre-test and post-test approach that compares subjects before and after giving honey therapy. Results: obtained 0,005 in the present by comparing the p-value to the critical p value is 0.05. The results of the influence test show that the degree of gangrene wound after giving treatment using honey in the Anggrek-Sakura Room of RSU Bhakti Asih Ciledug Tangerang normal distribution of 0.441. Conclusion: there is an influence of the administration of honey therapy against the grade of the gangrenous wound in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 post-operation debridement. Recommendation: From the results of this study, it is expected that educational institutions can improve and define various educational programs that can disseminate information about the administration of honey for grade gangrene wounds in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.AbstrakKondisi gejala kesemutan, nyeri pada tangan dan kaki serta berkurangnya sensitivitas atau mati rasa akan sangat berbahaya bagi penderita karena apabila penderita terluka dikaki atau tangan penderita tidak akan merasa sakit. Luka akan semakin sukar sembuh dan kemudian menjadi ulkus/borok dan bisa juga menjadi luka gangren. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian madu terhadap grade luka gangren pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode quansi eksperiment design dengan menggunakan pendekatan one design pre-test dan post-test yaitu membandingkan subjek sebelum dan sesudah diberikan terapi madu. Hasil: Diperoleh p value 0,005 di tunjukan dengan membandingkan nilai p terhadap nilai p kritis yaitu 0,05. Hasil uji pengaruh diketahui bahwa grade luka gangren sesudah diberikan perawatan terapi menggunakan madu di Ruang Anggrek-Sakura RSU Bhakti Asih Ciledug Tangerang berdistribusi normal sebanyak 0,441 Kesimpuan: Bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian terapi madu terhadap grade luka gangren pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 post operasi debridement. Saran: dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan institusi Pendidikan dapat meningkatkan dan menentukan berbagai program pendidikan yang dapat menyebarluaskan informasi tentang pemberian madu terhadap grade luka gangren pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2.
Low-FODMAP diet on postprandial distress syndrome type of functional dyspepsia with mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome patient: A case report
Authors: Djatioetomo Anastasia K. , Maharani Andi RK. , Djatioetomo Yovita CED. , Nurrochmawati Zidny , Anandita Faizal A.
Published: May 2024

Functional dyspepsia is a complex collection of symptoms from the gastroduodenal, while irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disease that chronically weakens gastrointestinal. The occurrences of both of these diseases are common; however, the new approach therapy introducing the low-FODMAP diet (low fructose, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) is rarely discussed. The aim of this case report was to present a case of functional dyspepsia with IBS mixed type treated with a low-FODMAP diet. A female 37 years old reported complaints of heartburn worsening over the last seven months. Based on IBS-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) assessment, the patient had 75% scale on belly pain and 50% abdominal distention, which interfered the daily activity significantly. The patient was diagnosed with functional dyspepsia subtype postprandial distress syndrome with IBS mixed type. In addition, the low-FODMAP diet was started immediately, together with pharmacological therapy (oral omeprazole and domperidone), and followed up each week. On the first week of evaluation, the patient was feeling much better as IBS-SSS assessment scores decreased, and the pharmacological therapy was stopped. On the second week of evaluation, the patient had no more complaints with IB-SSS assessment markedly decreased. This case highlights that low-FODMAP diet could be a new approach therapy for IBS that could improve the IBS symptoms.
Evaluating Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) in Yemeni’s Patients with Heart Failure
Authors:   Faculty of Medical Sciences, Saba University, Yemen,, Alyahawi1 Ali
Published: May 2024

: Heart failure is a multi-faceted and life threating syndrome. In the management of CHF, a gap between Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) and actual practice has been reported. An increase in the prevalence of co-morbid conditions and risk factors, such as increased body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome, and cigarette smoking may be some of the reasons behind the increased prevalence of HF
Effectiveness of Ginger Tea in Reducing Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Women with Reproductive System Cancer in Institutes of Oncology
Authors: G S Asharani , R Amitha
Published: May 2024

In India, it is estimated that there are approximately 2-2.5 million cases of cancer at any given point of time and around 7-9 lakhs new cases are detected each year nearly half of these cases die each year. Study objectives are to assess the effectiveness of ginger tea in reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting and To find out the association between pre interventional level of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting with selected demographic variables. An evaluative approach with quasi experimental control group pre test- post test design was used and the study was conducted at Preethi cancer center for oncology and Cheluvamba hospital, Mysore from 01- 09- 2013 to 30- 09- 2013. Sixty women with reproductive system cancer having chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting were selected by using nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Data collection was done by using demographic proforma and modified nausea and vomiting assessment scale. Results shown Based on pre and post interventional level of chemotherapy induced nausea ,there was marked reduction in level of nausea from severe 15(50%) and moderate 15(50%) to mild 28(93.33%) and moderate 2(6.67%) among experimental group when compared with control group. The findings revealed that calculated Mann Whitney test, ‘Z’ value of nausea score - 6.38 was greater than the table value of -1.96. The findings of the study shows that, oral administration of ginger tea would help to reduce the chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting among women with reproductive system cancer.

Key words: Ginger tea, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, reproductive system cancer.
Effectiveness of Six-Minute Walk Test Versus Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise on Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Rishita Chintamalla , Kilani Kusuma
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to find the effectiveness between 6-minute walk test and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
METHODS: 25 subjects who were clinically diagnosed of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were assessed and only 20 were recruited who are willing to be in the study and they were randomly allocated into 2 groups. In group A (n=10) subjects were trained with 6-minute walk test, with duration 3days a week for 4 weeks, where in group B (N=10) subjects were trained with diaphragmatic breathing exercise. The outcome of this intervention was oxygen saturation and dyspnea. This was recorded before and after the session of 4-week intervention.
RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the data reveal that between the group comparison showed there is statistically significant difference in pulse oximetry and modified Borg scale.
CONCLUSION: Both the groups have shown significant improvement in reducing dyspnea and improving strength and endurance of respiratory muscles in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GROUP A showed statistically significant improvement when compared to GROUP B in reducing dyspnea and improving oxygen saturation.

Key words: Six Minute Walk Test, Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Pulse Oximetry, Modified Borg Scale.
Zygomatic Implant Rehabilitation: A Prosthodontic Driven Approach: A Review
Authors: Fernandes Grazina , A. Aras Meena , Coutinho Ivy
Published: May 2024

Zygoma implants, sometimes called zygomatic implants, are different from conventional dental implants in that they are affixed in the zygomatic bone, not the maxilla. They can be used in situations when there is not enough maxillary bone, either in terms of quantity or consistency, to support a dental implant. Insufficient maxillary bone volume may result from a combination of maxillary sinus pneumatization and bone resorption. To guarantee proper implant survival, the normal implant placement in the posterior maxilla requires a bone height of about 10 mm. Increased bone volume can be achieved by sinus elevation and bone grafting techniques in cases when there is insufficient bone available. The drawbacks of bone grafting procedures in the jaws include the need for prolonged care, restrictions on denture wear, morbidity at the donor surgical site, and graft rejection.

Keywords: Zygomatic implants, Prosthodontic Rehabilitation, Prosthetically driven approach
A Review of Laser Threat and Safety Measures in Dental Practices
Authors: Shreya Hegde
Published: May 2024

Laser technology has become increasingly prevalent in modern dental practice, offering numerous benefits such as precise tissue ablation, hemostasis, and reduced patient discomfort. However, with the integration of lasers into routine dental procedures comes the imperative of ensuring safety for both patients and dental professionals. This review critically examines the potential hazards associated with the use of lasers in dental practice and elucidates strategies and protocols aimed at mitigating these risks. Topics covered include the types of dental lasers commonly utilized, the inherent risks of laser therapy, regulatory guidelines governing laser use in dentistry, and best practices for ensuring safe and effective laser applications. By comprehensively addressing the "laser menace" and providing evidence-based safety strategies, this review aims to equip dental practitioners with the knowledge and resources necessary to harness the full potential of laser technology while safeguarding the well-being of all stakeholders involved in dental care.
Optimizing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Insights from Choice-based Conjoint Analysis of Chinese Entrepreneurs
Authors: Jiahao Zhang
Published: May 2024

Entrepreneurship is pivotal for economic growth, and fostering urban entrepreneurship environments has gained significant attention from policymakers and scholars. This study investigates the importance of different attributes within Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) and their impact on regional entrepreneurship. Using Choice-based Conjoint Analysis (CBCA), preferences of 550 Chinese entrepreneurs were examined. Results reveal that funding size, government size, and financial capital are critical attributes. Entrepreneurs with higher initial capital prioritize funding size over market potential. Moreover, entrepreneurs with lower initial capital demonstrate a significantly higher willingness to pay for relocating to regions with higher per capita deposits. These findings provide insights for local governments to tailor strategies for attracting entrepreneurs with diverse capital levels, emphasizing subsidies for large enterprises or improving local livelihoods to foster small and medium-sized enterprises.
Automated Segmentation of Brain Tumors in MRI: A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Chintan Makwana
Published: May 2024

The segmentation of tumor region from brain MRI images is challenging task. Automated approaches are necessary because manual segmentation takes a lot of effort and susceptible to inter-observer variability. This research provides an extensive analysis of deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation from MRI data. The study begins with a summary of brain tumors and conventional segmentation techniques before doing a thorough evaluation of current developments in automated segmentation methods. We cover many deep learning architectures and their derivatives, specifically designed for brain tumor segmentation. The review also includes methods for differentiating between healthy brain tissue and aberrant tumor tissue. This paper critically examines the benefits, drawbacks, and potential applications of deep learning-based algorithms. It offers insights into current techniques and suggests future prospects for this important field of study.
Green Energy Strategies for Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Yan Ruiyan
Published: May 2024

Cross-border e-commerce has become a significant force in the global economy, with the continuous growth of online retail giants such as Amazon and Alibaba. the rapid expansion of this industry has also brought significant environmental impacts, especially in terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions. In response, a number of green energy initiatives have been put out and put into practice to support a sustainable strategy in international e-commerce. Using renewable energy sources is one of the main tactics. An increasing number of international e-commerce businesses are relying on clean energy sources like solar and wind power to run their businesses as a result of the advancement of renewable energy technologies. It not only reduces their carbon footprint but also helps to lower energy costs in the long run. Another strategy is the implementation of energy-efficient practices. It includes adopting energy-efficient lighting, heating, and cooling systems, using efficient transportation methods for logistics, and optimizing the route planning to reduce fuel consumption. These measures not only contribute to reducing carbon emissions but also help companies save on energy costs. In addition, cross-border e-commerce companies are also exploring green packaging solutions. It involves using sustainable materials for packaging, such as biodegradable or recyclable materials, to reduce the environmental impact of packaging waste. Some companies are also implementing innovative green packaging designs, such as reusable containers and packaging made from recycled materials. There are efforts to promote sustainable supply chain management in cross-border e-commerce. It includes incentivizing suppliers to adopt green energy and sustainable practices, as well as implementing strict sustainability criteria for selecting and monitoring suppliers. By promoting sustainability throughout the supply chain, cross-border e-commerce companies can reduce their overall environmental impact.
Fault Identification in Optical Transport Network Using CNN
Authors: Ravindra L. Pardhi
Published: May 2024

The growing diversity Regarding the provision of information and services  transmitted Using optical technology  transport networks (OTN) has made network survival a crucial issue in current study. Fault detection refers to the process of identifying faults that arise from various issues such as packet loss, disconnection, and others in the OTN. The determination of the fault location in an OTN is highly significant in the analysis of the resilience of optical networks. This study presents a fault diagnosis system that utilises a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), focusing primarily on distinguishing between hard faults (HF) and soft faults (SF). The CNN is implemented in where the fault is situated domain of OTN to determine the presence or absence of potential fault locations. The notion An F-Measure is implemented in order to quantify the impact of positioning.utilising Location, time, mean squared error (MSE), and F-measure. The scientific investigation demonstrates that the suggested CNN neural network achieves the highest performance. The suggested CNN has a reduced localization time and achieves an F1-score of 0.98 after 85 iterations. This level of accuracy and real-time performance fulfils the requirements for fault identification. Hence, there is significant potential and practical utility in incorporating neural networks in the field of identifying and locating faults in optical transport networks.
Systematic Scrutinization of Vital factors for the Development of Efficient Cisplatin-Quercetin Loaded Bionanomicelles
Authors: Rana Hardik
Published: May 2024

The present work aims to optimize and assess the Cisplatin (CIS) and Quercetin (QCT)-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanomicelles (PNM). The development of a quantitative method for the estimation of CIS and QCT in pharmaceutical dosage form was another objective. The aluminum plates coated with silica gel F254 used for separation of both the drugs employing Toluene: Methanol: Ethyl acetate: DMF: Triethylamine (5:0.5:3.5:1:1 drop % v/v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Results of the validation parameter indicate that the developed method was precise, accurate, and robust. CIS and QCT-loaded PNM formulated using solvent evaporation technique employing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) 50:50. The Quality by Design (QbD) was accomplished to identify the critical manufacturing attributes and critical process parameters. Optimization of the formulation was performed by central composite design using particle size and % encapsulation efficiency as dependent variables. The amount of PLGA and Span selected as independent variables. Statistically substantial variables identified using regression analysis and analysis of variance. A diffusion study revealed that optimized nanomicelles were capable to sustain the drug release up to 8h. Zeta sizer, TEM confirmed the stability and nano-sized nanoparticles. CIS-QCT PNM was found to be an alternate route to systemic treatment.
CEO social: análisis de la presencia y actividad en redes sociales de los directores ejecutivos de empresas
Authors: Saavedra Giancarlo , Capriotti Paul
Published: May 2024

Convertidos en CEO sociales, los directores ejecutivos encontraron un nuevo espacio en las redes sociales para dialogar e interactuar con sus públicos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la presencia y la actividad de los CEO en las principales redes sociales y comparar las diferencias y las similitudes entre ejecutivos de empresas globales y latinoamericanas, según los ránquines Fortune Global 500 y América Economía 500, respectivamente. Se identificaron 537 perfiles en redes sociales de un total de 1.029 directores ejecutivos y se estudiaron 23.549 publicaciones propias y compartidas en LinkedIn, X/Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok y YouTube. En los últimos años, los CEO aumentaron su presencia en redes sociales y la mayoría de ellos tienen perfiles activos, pero con volúmenes bajos de publicación. LinkedIn es la plataforma favorita de los ejecutivos. Los CEO americanos (a nivel global) y brasileños (a nivel latinoamericano) son los líderes en actividad en redes sociales. Los directores ejecutivos ignoran la recomendación de los expertos y tienen una participación “muy baja” en las redes sociales, sobre todo en LinkedIn y X/Twitter. Aunque, en comparación con los niveles de publicación alcanzados en otros estudios y sectores, los CEO mejoran su desempeño. El artículo ofrece a los académicos y profesionales un panorama general e integrador de la presencia y actividad de los CEO en plataformas sociales. Además, propone pautas metodológicas para futuras investigaciones y perfila tres tipos de CEO sociales: activos, moderados y pasivos.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of quaternary ammonium compounds from natural oils
Authors: Onyinyechi Clare Amaefule  , Onyinyechi Clare Amaefule  , Gideon Oluranti Ojediran  , Christogonus Oudney Akalazi
Published: May 2024

Quaternary ammonium salts refer to any class of salt derived from ammonium in which the nitrogen atom is attached to four organic groups covalently, as in benzalkonium chloride (R4N+). Quaternary ammonium compounds were synthesized from Canola oil (Brasssicanapus) and Coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) extracts by reacting the oils with N,N-diethylethylenediamine in the presence of potassium tertiary butoxide as catalyst. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometric analyses of the starting materials, the intermediates and the final products were conducted, the results showed a disappearance of the carbonyl (C=O) stretch of an ester (the oil) at 1744cm-1 and appearance of N-H band of an amide at 3433cm-1, which resulted from the quaternization of benzyl chloride with the intermediates for both oils. Other functional groups such as C=C and C-H stretch of aromatic compound, C=O stretch of an amide were also observed.Mass spectrometric analysis of the final products were conducted and results showed the Molecular Ion peak (M+) which is the molecular weights of the products. Vital fragments such as base peaks were observed for both quats, other fragmented radical cations were observed.Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) exhibited excellent anti-bacterial activity covering a diameter of 22 mm and 28 mm of E. coli for QACs from Cocos nucifera and Brassic anapus oils respectively as compared to the standard antibiotic (Ampillicin).
Eating for Eternity: The Social Dimensions of Gregory of Nyssa’s Interpretation of the Petition for Daily Bread
Authors: Breedlove Thomas , Fogleman Alex
Published: May 2024

Gregory of Nyssa’s interpretation of the Lord’s Prayer’s request for daily bread is difficult to place in the history of the petition’s exegesis. Early interpreters—among them Tertullian, Cyprian, Origen, Cyril of Jerusalem, Ambrose, Augustine, and Peter Chrysologus—stressed what is often called, in Henri de Lubac’s phrase, a “spiritual interpretation” of the bread as knowledge, the Eucharist, or Christian doctrine. The majority of modern commentators, in contrast, understand the petition to ask for material food. Gregory, however, troubles simple contrasts between ancient and modern and spiritual and material interpretation. In his fourth homily on the dominical prayer, he draws upon Origen’s exegesis, interpretating the bread within a metaphysical framework distinguishing between the perceptible and intelligible, but Gregory understands the bread to be material bread and the necessity of eating to be central to the human creature’s imitation of the impassible and immaterial God. Even more unique than this departure from the spiritual interpretation of the bread is Gregory’s argument that luxury and excess—eating more than the minimum required by the body—are practices not only bad for the soul but harmful and unjust to one’s neighbors. This article takes both these dynamics in turn: first, putting Gregory’s interpretation in relief by comparing it not only to the spiritual interpretation of bread by Origen but also the materialist interpretations offered by Chrysostom and Theodore; and second, bringing to light Gregory’s remarkable deployment of a perceptible/intelligible ontology to argue for the purpose of material sustenance and its importance for a just society.
Role of the “High Institute of Public Health” during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case from Egypt
Authors: El-Ghitany Engy Mohamed , Omran Eman A. , EL Dabbah Noha Ahmed , Aborhyem Samar M. , El-Moez Azzam Nashwa Fawzy Abd
Published: May 2024

Background: The High Institute of Public Health (HIPH), as a post-graduate academic institute, was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several aspects. This paper describes the effect of COVID-19 on the three main domains of HIPH: research, education, and community services. Documenting the activities and practices of the HIPH during the pandemic reflects the degree of resilience and preparedness against possible future global emergencies. Despite its importance for policymakers, such data is lacking from similar institutes in the Middle East, including Egypt.
Methods: An extensive search in four popular scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Scival) was conducted to extract publications by authors affiliated with the HIPH using relevant keywords. Records were reviewed to collect data on the educational process as well as data on community services (convoys, campaigns, seminars, and workshops held by HIPH staff). All the mentioned activities were described, analyzed and compared before and during the pandemic to study the impact of the pandemic on the HIPH, as an example of a postgraduate institute.
Results: The total numbers of COVID-19-related publications in Scopus by authors affiliated with the HIPH were 115 publications, the majority of which were research articles in the ‘Medicine’ and ‘Immunology and Microbiology’ domains. Most of them focused on assessing the relationship between the pandemic and quality of life, and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 (22.2% each). Publications on COVID-19 by HIPH researchers during the pandemic constituted 33.1% (115 publications) of the total publications by Alexandria University. Among the top ten authors on COVID-19 at Alexandria University, four were HIPH affiliated. The year 2022 witnessed the most frequent publications on COVID-19 by HIPH (51/115 publications, 44.3% of all COVID-19 publications by the HIPH on Scopus). All program courses were taught online during the year 2019–2020 (343 courses). HIPH provided several community services during the pandemic, which included 16 convoys in the poorer areas of Alexandria that served more than 1250 beneficiaries. Their goals were raising health awareness on COVID-19 vaccination, health education, and environmental assessment.
Implications for Policy & Practice: This paper is the first of its kind by members of the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University. It provides baseline data for future similar work and is a documentation of the compilation of efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic that gives baseline data for public health assessment and planning by policy makers.
Metahemoglobinemia inducida por dapsona: reporte de un caso en el servicio de urgencia
Authors: Carroza N. Ignacio , Legua V. Camila
Published: May 2024

Methemoglobinemia is a low prevalence but potentially severe condition in the Emergency Department. One of its leading causes is drug induction, dapsone being one of them. Dapsone is a synthetic sulfone with antimicrobial properties, often prescribed for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci infection and other implications. This report presents the case of a 39-year-old male recently diagnosed with HIV on antiretroviral therapy along with prophylactic dapsone, who sought medical attention in the emergency room due to symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and fever. On admission, the patient exhibited a state of tachypnea and an oxygen saturation of 78% in room air, which is partially corrected with supplemental oxygen at an inspired oxygen fraction of 50%, achieving oxygen saturation of 90% by pulse oximetry. Chest X-ray revealed no abnormalities, and arterial blood gas analysis showed a partial pressure of oxygen of 380 mmHg with oxygen saturation of 100%. Given the disparity between pulse oximetry, arterial blood gas results, and the normal chest X-ray, a co-oximetry was conducted, revealing a methemoglobin level of 10.4% The patient was admitted to the ICU and continued receiving oxygen therapy. Dapsone was discontinued and the patient’s condition improved. without the need for methylene blue administration or alternative therapies.
El estrés psicosocial en la esteatosis hepática asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD): sobreposición desfavorable
Authors: Aleman F. Larissa , Dufeu G. María Soledad , Fuenzalida R. Catalina , Ortiz-López Nicolás , Pinto L. Araceli , Simian M. Daniela , Cárdenas L. Gonzalo , Garrido I. Cristián , Cattaneo B. Máximo , Urzúa M Álvaro , Guíñez F. Dannette , Roblero C. Juan Pablo , Poniachik T. Jaime , Beltrán M. Caroll J.
Published: May 2024

The metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)(1) is considered the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. It is a complex pathology, which includes a spectrum of diseases ranging from steatosis to advanced forms of liver damage, such as cirrhosis. Its prevalence has increased in recent years, becoming a relevant public health problem. It is characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes, which induces lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and consequently, liver damage. The mechanisms involved in MASLD progression are not fully understood. Also, the factors that determine the heterogeneous susceptibility towards liver fibrosis among patients, remain unresolved. In recent years, chronic stress has been described as a relevant risk factor in the progression of MASLD. The presence of stress is associated with alterations in the gut-liver-brain axis, which promotes systemic low-grade inflammation that reinforces the liver damage progression. This review aims to discuss the evidence about the role of psychosocial stress in MASLD and its association with the pathogenic mechanisms involved in liver damage.