bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving pharmacogenetic prediction of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics
Authors: Boloc Daniel , Gortat Anna , Cheng-Zhang Jia Qi , García-Cerro Susana , Rodríguez Natalia , Parellada Mara , Saiz-Ruiz Jeronimo , Cuesta Manolo J. , Gassó Patricia , Lafuente Amalia , Bernardo Miquel , Mas Sergi
Published: December 2018

In previous work we developed a pharmacogenetic predictor of antipsychotic (AP) induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) based on four genes involved in mTOR regulation. The main objective is to improve this predictor by increasing its biological plausibility and replication. We re-sequence the four genes using next-generation sequencing. We predict functionality “in silico” of all identified SNPs and test it using gene reporter assays. Using functional SNPs, we develop a new predictor utilizing machine learning algorithms (Discovery Cohort, N = 131) and replicate it in two independent cohorts (Replication Cohort 1, N = 113; Replication Cohort 2, N = 113). After prioritization, four SNPs were used to develop the pharmacogenetic predictor of AP-induced EPS. The model constructed using the Naive Bayes algorithm achieved a 66% of accuracy in the Discovery Cohort, and similar performances in the replication cohorts. The result is an improved pharmacogenetic predictor of AP-induced EPS, which is more robust and generalizable than the original.
Nuclear-accumulated SQSTM1/p62-based ALIS act as microdomains sensing cellular stresses and triggering oxidative stress-induced parthanatos
Authors: Noguchi Takuya , Suzuki Midori , Mutoh Natsumi , Hirata Yusuke , Tsuchida Mei , Miyagawa Sayoko , Hwang Gi-Wook , Aoki Junken , Matsuzawa Atsushi
Published: December 2018

Aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS) have been described as ubiquitinated protein-containing aggresomes transiently formed in response to various stresses. In this study, we provide evidence that ALIS composed of SQSTM1/p62 act as a key determinant of oxidative stress-induced parthanatos, which is newly discovered and distinct from regular programmed cell death. Interestingly, we first found that chemical stresses induced by particular chemical drugs, such as several cephalosporin antibiotics, cause oxidative stress-mediated parthanatos, accompanied by the ALIS formation. Blocking the ALIS formation potently suppressed the parthanatos, and p62 knockout cells exhibited the attenuated ALIS formation and high resistance to parthanatos. Moreover, we also found that the redox-sensing activity of p62 is required for nuclear accumulation of the p62-based ALIS, resulting in the induction of parthanatos. Together, our results demonstrate unexpected functions of p62 and ALIS as cell death mediators sensing oxidative stress, and thus uncover a novel mechanism whereby p62 mediates parthanatos.
Diverse associations between oxidative stress and thromboxane A2 in hypertensive glomerular injury
Authors: Nakano Yukihito , Nakatani Yoshihisa , Takami Masahiro , Taniyama Yoshihiro , Arima Shuji
Published: December 2018

We examined the potential contributions of oxidative stress and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) to the development of regional heterogeneity in hypertensive glomerular injury using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), an animal model of human essential hypertension. We also examined the effect of antioxidant treatment on the regional expression of thromboxane synthase (TXAS) mRNA using a microdissection method. Increases in the glomerular expression of TXAS mRNA were observed in the SHRSP at 15 weeks of age compared with those in the age-matched normotensive control Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats: 2.4-fold and 3.1-fold in the superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli, respectively (P < 0.05). The heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression was markedly increased (greater than eightfold, P < 0.05) in both the superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli in the SHRSP compared with the expression in the WKY rats. In contrast to our expectations, the treatment of SHRSP with tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TXAS mRNA expression in the superficial glomeruli and did not improve the histological injury or albuminuria, which were both aggravated. Moreover, ozagrel (a TXAS inhibitor) had a suppressive effect on the TXAS mRNA expression and significantly (P < 0.05) improved the histological injury. These results indicated that although TXA2 and oxidative stress are linked to each other, TXA2 rather than oxidative stress may be a better therapeutic target to improve hypertensive glomerular injury.
Organizing principles of pulvino-cortical functional coupling in humans
Authors: Arcaro Michael J. , Pinsk Mark A. , Chen Janice , Kastner Sabine
Published: December 2018

The pulvinar influences communication between cortical areas. We use fMRI to characterize the functional organization of the human pulvinar and its coupling with cortex. The ventral pulvinar is sensitive to spatial position and moment-to-moment transitions in visual statistics, but also differentiates visual categories such as faces and scenes. The dorsal pulvinar is modulated by spatial attention and is sensitive to the temporal structure of visual input. Cortical areas are functionally coupled with discrete pulvinar regions. The spatial organization of this coupling reflects the functional specializations and anatomical distances between cortical areas. The ventral pulvinar is functionally coupled with occipital-temporal cortices. The dorsal pulvinar is functionally coupled with frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortices, including the attention, default mode, and human-specific tool networks. These differences mirror the principles governing cortical organization of dorsal and ventral cortical visual streams. These results provide a functional framework for how the pulvinar facilitates and regulates cortical processing.
Structure of the type VI secretion system TssK–TssF–TssG baseplate subcomplex revealed by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Park Young-Jun , Lacourse Kaitlyn D. , Cambillau Christian , DiMaio Frank , Mougous Joseph D. , Veesler David
Published: December 2018

Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) translocate effectors into target cells and are made of a contractile sheath and a tube docked onto a multi-protein transmembrane complex via a baseplate. Although some information is available about the mechanisms of tail contraction leading to effector delivery, the detailed architecture and function of the baseplate remain unknown. Here, we report the 3.7 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli baseplate subcomplex assembled from TssK, TssF and TssG. The structure reveals two TssK trimers interact with a locally pseudo-3-fold symmetrical complex comprising two copies of TssF and one copy of TssG. TssF and TssG are structurally related to each other and to components of the phage T4 baseplate and of the type IV secretion system, strengthening the evolutionary relationships among these macromolecular machines. These results, together with bacterial two-hybrid assays, provide a structural framework to understand the T6SS baseplate architecture.
Concurrent influence of top-down and bottom-up inputs on correlated activity of Macaque extrastriate neurons
Authors: Merrikhi Yaser , Clark Kelsey , Noudoost Behrad
Published: December 2018

Correlations between neurons can profoundly impact the information encoding capacity of a neural population. We studied how maintenance of visuospatial information affects correlated activity in visual areas by recording the activity of neurons in visual area MT of rhesus macaques during a spatial working memory task. Correlations between MT neurons depended upon the spatial overlap between neurons’ receptive fields. These correlations were influenced by the content of working memory, but the effect of a top-down memory signal differed in the presence or absence of bottom-up visual input. Neurons representing the same area of space showed increased correlations when remembering a location in their receptive fields in the absence of visual input, but decreased correlations in the presence of a visual stimulus. This set of results reveals the correlating nature of top-down signals influencing visual areas and uncovers how such a correlating signal, in interaction with bottom-up information, could enhance sensory representations.
Resonant terahertz detection using graphene plasmons
Authors: Bandurin Denis A. , Svintsov Dmitry , Gayduchenko Igor , Xu Shuigang G. , Principi Alessandro , Moskotin Maxim , Tretyakov Ivan , Yagodkin Denis , Zhukov Sergey , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Grigorieva Irina V. , Polini Marco , Goltsman Gregory N. , Geim Andre K. , Fedorov Georgy
Published: December 2018

Plasmons, collective oscillations of electron systems, can efficiently couple light and electric current, and thus can be used to create sub-wavelength photodetectors, radiation mixers, and on-chip spectrometers. Despite considerable effort, it has proven challenging to implement plasmonic devices operating at terahertz frequencies. The material capable to meet this challenge is graphene as it supports long-lived electrically tunable plasmons. Here we demonstrate plasmon-assisted resonant detection of terahertz radiation by antenna-coupled graphene transistors that act as both plasmonic Fabry-Perot cavities and rectifying elements. By varying the plasmon velocity using gate voltage, we tune our detectors between multiple resonant modes and exploit this functionality to measure plasmon wavelength and lifetime in bilayer graphene as well as to probe collective modes in its moiré minibands. Our devices offer a convenient tool for further plasmonic research that is often exceedingly difficult under non-ambient conditions (e.g. cryogenic temperatures) and promise a viable route for various photonic applications.
Rare TP53 variant associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome exhibits variable penetrance in a Saudi family
Authors: AlHarbi Musa , Mubarak Nahla , AlMubarak Latifa , Aljelaify Rasha , AlSaeed Mariam , Almutairi Amal , AlJabarat Weal , Alqubaishi Fatimah , Al-Subaie Lamia , AlTassan Nada , Neben Cynthia L. , Zhou Alicia Y. , Abedalthagafi Malak
Published: December 2018

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an inherited, autosomal-dominant condition that predisposes individuals to a wide-spectrum of tumors at an early age. Approximately 70% of families with classic LFS have pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 that disrupt protein function or stability. While more than 70% of pathogenic variants in TP53 are missense variants, the vast majority occur very infrequently, and thus their clinical significance is uncertain or conflicting. Here, we report an extremely rare TP53 missense variant, c.799C > T (p.Arg267Trp), identified in a 2-year-old Saudi proband diagnosed with choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) and six of his first- and second-degree relatives. CPC is frequently found in families with LFS, and this is the first detailed report of a family with this variant. Intriguingly, the proband’s father is homozygous for TP53 c.799C > T and phenotypically normal at 39 years of age. While loss of TP53 heterozygosity is often observed in tumors from individuals with LFS, homozygous germline TP53 pathogenic variants are rare. Based on our analysis of this single family, we hypothesize that TP53 c.799C > T has low or variable penetrance for LFS, with predisposition to the development of CPC. The observations from this family have furthered our understanding of the phenotypic variability that may be caused by one variant of TP53, even in the same family, and suggest that other factors (genetic and/or environmental) may play a role in mechanism of disease manifestation in LFS.
Profile and outcome of post stroke patients managed at selected public primary care health centres in Peninsular Malaysia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Abdul Aziz Aznida Firzah , Ali Mohd Fairuz , Yusof Mohammad Fhaisol , Che’ Man Zuraidah , Sulong Saperi , Aljunid Syed Mohamed
Published: December 2018

Data on post stroke outcomes in developing countries are scarce due to uncoordinated healthcare delivery systems. In Malaysia, the national stroke clinical practice guideline does not address transfer of care and longer term post stroke care beyond tertiary care. Hence, post stroke care delivery may be delivered at either tertiary or primary care facilities. This study aimed at describing patients’ characteristics and outcomes of post stroke care delivered by the primary care teams at public primary care healthcentres across Peninsular Malaysia. Multi staged sampling was done to select public primary care health centres to recruit post stroke patients. At each health centre, convenience sampling was done to recruit adult patients (≥18 years) who received post stroke care between July-December 2012. Baseline measurements were recorded at recruitment and retrospective medical record review was done simultaneously, for details on medical and / or rehabilitation treatment at health centre. Changes in the measurements for post stroke care were compared using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Rank test where appropriate. Total of 151 patients were recruited from ten public primary care healthcentres. The mean age at stroke presentation was 55.8 ± 9.8 years. Median duration of follow up was 2.3 (IQR 5.1) years. Majority co-resided with a relative (80.8%), and a family member was primary caregiver (75.%). Eleven percent were current smokers. Almost 71.0% of patients achieved BP ≤ 140/90 mmHg. Only 68.9% of the patients had been referred for neurorehabilitation. Percentage of recorded data was highest for blood pressure (88.1%) while lowest was HbA1c (43.0%). For clinical outcomes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride level and calculated GFR (eGFR) showed statistically significant changes during follow up (p < 0.05). Post stroke care at public primary care healthcentres showed benefits in stroke risk factors control (i.e. hypertension and dyslipidaemia) but deterioration in renal function. A more structured coordination is needed to optimise post stroke care beyond acute phase management for patients who reside at home in the community.
Author Correction: Comparison of 1D and 3D Models for the Estimation of Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Blanco P. J. , Bulant C. A. , Müller L. O. , Talou G. D. Maso , Bezerra C. Guedes , Lemos P. A. , Feijóo R. A.
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Global transcriptome analysis of the aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae supports the phagotrophic origin of fungi
Authors: Torruella Guifré , Grau-Bové Xavier , Moreira David , Karpov Sergey A. , Burns John A. , Sebé-Pedrós Arnau , Völcker Eckhard , López-García Purificación
Published: December 2018

Aphelids are little-known phagotrophic parasites of algae whose life cycle and morphology resemble those of the parasitic rozellids (Cryptomycota, Rozellomycota). In previous phylogenetic analyses of RNA polymerase and rRNA genes, aphelids, rozellids and Microsporidia (parasites of animals) formed a clade, named Opisthosporidia, which appeared as the sister group to Fungi. However, the statistical support for the Opisthosporidia was always moderate. Here, we generated full life-cycle transcriptome data for the aphelid species Paraphelidium tribonemae. In-depth multi-gene phylogenomic analyses using several protein datasets place this aphelid as the closest relative of fungi to the exclusion of rozellids and Microsporidia. In contrast with the comparatively reduced Rozella allomycis genome, we infer a rich, free-living-like aphelid proteome, with a metabolism similar to fungi, including cellulases likely involved in algal cell-wall penetration and enzymes involved in chitin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that fungi evolved from complex aphelid-like ancestors that lost phagotrophy and became osmotrophic.
A facile one-step grafting of polyphosphonium onto halloysite nanotubes initiated by Ce(iv)
Authors: Zhang Hailei , Cheng Cong , Song Hongzan , Bai Libin , Cheng Yongqiang , Ba Xinwu , Wu Yonggang
Published: December 2018

Polyphosphonium was facilely grafted onto HNTs in an aqueous phase by a one-step method initiated by Ce(iv) at a mild temperature.
Genetically encoded RNA-based sensors for intracellular imaging of silver ions
Authors: Yu Qikun , Shi Jing , Mudiyanselage Aruni P. K. K. Karunanayake , Wu Rigumula , Zhao Bin , Zhou Ming , You Mingxu
Published: December 2018

A genetically encoded RNA-based sensor to measure the flux and antibacterial effect of silver ions in living cells.
Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of singlet fission in 2,5-bis(fluorene-9-ylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiophene crystals
Authors: Wibowo Meilani , Persico Maurizio , Granucci Giovanni
Published: December 2018

Singlet fission mechanism and quantum yield for a thienoquinodal compound from surface hopping simulations.
First-principles investigation of the double ESIPT process in a thiophene-based dye
Authors: Vérité Pauline M. , Guido Ciro A. , Jacquemin Denis
Published: December 2018

Explanation of the experimental triple emission with theoretical tools requires advanced solvent models.
Ammonia removal and recovery from diluted forward osmosis draw solution by using a tubular microbial desalination cell
Authors: Zhao Nan , Wang Han , He Zhen , Yan Qun
Published: December 2018

To find an alternative way of draw solute regeneration that is critically important to forward osmosis (FO), a tubular microbial desalination cells (MDCs) is employed to remove and recovery ammonia nitrogen from a mimicked FO draw solution.
Computational high-throughput screening of polymeric photocatalysts: exploring the effect of composition, sequence isomerism and conformational degrees of freedom
Authors: Heath-Apostolopoulos Isabelle , Wilbraham Liam , Zwijnenburg Martijn A.
Published: December 2018

We discuss a low-cost computational workflow for the high throughput screening of polymeric photocatalysts.
Neuroligin-2-derived peptide-covered polyamidoamine-based (PAMAM) dendrimers enhance pancreatic β-cells' proliferation and functions
Authors: Munder Anna , Moskovitz Yoni , Meir Aviv , Kahremany Shirin , Levy Laura , Kolitz-Domb Michal , Cohen Guy , Shtriker Efrat , Viskind Olga , Lellouche Jean-Paul , Senderowitz Hanoch , Chessler Steven D. , Korshin Edward E. , Ruthstein Sharon , Gruzman Arie
Published: December 2018

The nanoscale composite improved β-cell functions in terms of rate of proliferation, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, resistance to cellular stress and functional maturation.
Synthesis, characterisation and self-assembly studies of dendron-based novel non-ionic amphiphiles
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Tyagi Shvetambri , Singh Ram , Tyagi Yogesh K.
Published: December 2018

A novel series of dendron-based non-ionic amphiphiles that aggregate to form supramolecular structures have been designed and synthesized using biocompatible starting materials.
Band gap engineering of BiOI via oxygen vacancies induced by graphene for improved photocatalysis
Authors: Ren Xuejun , Yao Jingwen , Cai Lei , Li Jibiao , Cao Xingzhong , Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Baoyi , Wei Yu
Published: December 2018

A reduced graphene oxide–bismuth iodide oxide (rGO–BiOI) composite was prepared by a thermal reduction method.
Surface versus solution chemistry: manipulating nanoparticle shape and composition through metal–thiolate interactions
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Bunch Connor M. , Li Yuda , Koczkur Kallum M. , Skrabalak Sara E.
Published: December 2018

The introduction of organic additives to seeded growth strategies is allowing for high quality nanoparticles to be achieved. Here, thiophenol derivatives are introduced to simultaneously control nanoparticle symmetry and composition.
Resonant harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas probed by cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Camacho-Morales Rocio , Bautista Godofredo , Zang Xiaorun , Xu Lei , Turquet Léo , Miroshnichenko Andrey , Tan Hark Hoe , Lamprianidis Aristeidis , Rahmani Mohsen , Jagadish Chennupati , Neshev Dragomir N. , Kauranen Martti
Published: December 2018

Cylindrical vector beams with radial and azimuthal polarizations are used to study harmonic generation from individual AlGaAs nanoantennas.
Explosible nanocapsules excited by pulsed microwaves for efficient thermoacoustic-chemo combination therapy
Authors: Wang Zhixiong , Zhang Yaming , Cao Bing , Ji Zhong , Luo Wanling , Zhai Shaodong , Zhang Dandan , Wang Weiping , Xing Da , Hu Xianglong
Published: December 2018

Microwave irradiation is a powerful non-invasive approach for treating deep-seated diseases in a clinical setting.
Facile fabrication of multifunctional fabrics: use of copper and silver nanoparticles for antibacterial, superhydrophobic, conductive fabrics
Authors: Hong Hyae Rim , Kim Jooyoun , Park Chung Hee
Published: December 2018

This study aims to develop a multifunctional fabric for antibacterial, superhydrophobic and conductive performance using a facile fabrication method.
From well-entangled to partially-entangled wormlike micelles
Authors: Zou Weizhong , Tan Grace , Jiang Hanqiu , Vogtt Karsten , Weaver Michael , Koenig Peter , Beaucage Gregory , Larson Ronald G.
Published: December 2018

We combine mechanical rheometry, DWS, and SANS with a simulation model, the “pointer algorithm”, to obtain characteristic lengths and time constants for WLM solutions over a range of salt concentrations encompassing the transition from unentangled to entangled solutions.
Functionalization of the carbon additive of a high-voltage Li-ion cathode
Authors: Saneifar Hamidreza , Delaporte Nicolas , Zaghib Karim , Bélanger Daniel
Published: December 2018

Modification of the carbon additive improves the stability of a LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 composite cathode.
Glowing stereocomplex biopolymers are generating power: polylactide/carbon quantum dot hybrid nanofibers with high piezoresponse and multicolor luminescence
Authors: Xu Yali , Jin Long , He Xuebing , Huang Xi , Xie Meilin , Wang Chuanfeng , Zhang Chaoliang , Yang Weiqing , Meng Fanbin , Lu Jun
Published: December 2018

Hybrid stereocomplex bionanofibers were fabricated with high piezoresponse, multicolor luminescence and improved heat-resistance.
Recent advances in anion-doped metal oxides for catalytic applications
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Wei , Xu Xiaomin , Marcel Veder Jean-Pierre , Shao Zongping
Published: December 2018

Doping anions, such as fluorine, chlorine, sulfur, carbon or nitrogen elements, into the oxygen sites of metal oxides can alter the catalytic capability of metal oxide catalysts.
A wide bandgap conjugated polymer donor based on alkoxyl-fluorophenyl substituted benzodithiophene for high performance non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Wanbin , Li Guangda , Guo Huan , Guo Xia , Guo Bing , Zhu Qinglian , Fan Qunping , Ma Wei , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang
Published: December 2018

Through side chain fluorination strategy, the PCE was improved from 6.2% for POPB-based device to 11.7% for PFOPB-based device.
Near-infrared light-mediated and nitric oxide-supplied nanospheres for enhanced synergistic thermo-chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Li Qiqing , Zhao Yue , Liu Hou , Song Shanliang , Zhao Yueqi , Lin Quan , Chang Yulei
Published: December 2018

Near infrared light/glutathione-responsive nanospheres for expanding nitric oxide application and enhancing synergistic thermal-chemotherapy.
Much Ado about N…atrium: modelling tissue sodium as a highly sensitive marker of subclinical and localized oedema
Authors: Rossitto Giacomo , Touyz Rhian M. , Petrie Mark C. , Delles Christian
Published: December 2018

Hypertonic Na+ accumulation in peripheral tissues is a recently described phenomenon: it has been associated with ageing, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, but its clinical meaning has yet to be determined. This concept conflicts with the classic physiological paradigm of constant balance between salt intake and excretion, and its water-independent nature is still a matter of debate.

We developed a theoretical model explaining changes in the chemical composition of tissues as a function of extracellular volume fraction and excess extracellular fluid, i.e. oedema. The model suggests that the proportional increase in absolute Na+ content and concentration due to different degrees of oedema is higher than the parallel increase in water content, thus making Na+ a more sensitive index to detect this oedema.

Our model would explain some of the recent findings of high tissue Na+ content in pathological conditions. More importantly, it prompts the reappraisal of tissue Na+ analysis from being a topic of niche interest to a potential diagnostic tool with broad applicability in the investigation of subclinical systemic and localized oedema.
Impact of a dedicated multidisciplinary meeting on the management of superficial cancers of the digestive tract
Authors: Dermine Solène , Barret Maximilien , Prieux Caroline , Ribière Sophie , Leblanc Sarah , Dhooge Marion , Brezault Catherine , Abitbol Vered , Terris Benoit , Beuvon Frédéric , Rouquette Alexandre , Dousset Bertrand , Gaujoux Sébastien , Soyer Philippe , Dohan Anthony , Bibault Jean-Emmanuel , Coriat Romain , Prat Frédéric , Chaussade Stanislas
Published: December 2018

Background The recent development of endoscopic resection for superficial gastrointestinal cancers could justify the need for a dedicated oncological multidisciplinary meeting (MDM). The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of the dedicated MDM on the management of superficial cancers of the digestive tract.

Methods A dedicated MDM was developed at our tertiary referral center. A retrospective review of the MDM conclusions for all patients referred from March 2015 to March 2017 was performed. Outcomes measurements were the outcomes of endoscopic resection, and the concordance rate between the MDM recommendations, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines, and final patient management.

Results In total, 153 patients with a median age of 69 years were included. Half of the patients had major comorbidities. The mean lesion size was 25 mm, and R0 and curative resection rate were 73.9 % and 56.9 %, respectively. Forty-three patients had an indication for surgery after endoscopic resection. The concordance rate between ESGE guidelines and MDM recommendation was 92.2 %, and 12 patients did not receive the treatment recommended due to comorbidities.

Conclusion A MDM dedicated to superficial tumors helped tailor the ESGE guidelines to each patient in order to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Limited Walking Abilities and Impaired Ankle Dorsiflexion Function in Children After Intense Cancer Treatment
Authors: Oschwald Vanessa , Prokop Aram , Boehme Jonas , Gressler Nadja , Harscheidt Felicitas , Maas Volker , Bloch Wilhelm , Baumann Freerk T. , Daeggelmann Julia
Published: December 2018

Background With improved survival rates in pediatric oncology, the detection of adverse side- and late-effects is gaining increased interest. This cross-sectional study investigated walking abilities and ankle dorsiflexion function in children with cancer.

Patients Study participants included 16 children with various cancers (4–20 years, patient group) after completion of the intense treatment and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy peers (comparison group).

Method Walking speed (10-meter-walking-test, treadmill test assessing preferred transition speed), walking capacity (2-minute-walk-test), walking balance (Timed-Up-And-Go-Test), active/passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) (goniometer) and ankle dorsiflexion strength (hand-held dynamometer) were comprehensively assessed.

Results Significant lower values in the patient group were found for walking capacity, maximum walking speed, ankle dorsiflexion ROM and strength. No significant differences between the groups were found for preferred walking speed and walking balance.

Discussion Limited walking abilities and ankle dorsiflexion dysfunctions are prominent in children with cancer; having the potential to impact children’s community mobility and physical activity.

Conclusions To provide holistic care, the development of specific supportive strategies such as exercise interventions and its translation into clinical practice needs to be accelerated.
Modern Annulation Strategies for the Synthesis of Cyclo[b]fused Indoles
Authors: Haak Edgar
Published: December 2018

2,3-Annulated indoles exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Various annulation strategies are applied to generate these scaffolds from prefunctionalized aniline or indole derivatives. Only a few methodologies allow the direct annulation of indole itself, often associated with regioselectivity issues or restrictions on available substitution patterns. More recently, ruthenium-catalyzed cascade transformations of readily available propargyl alcohols have been applied to the selective synthesis of various cyclo[b]fused indoles directly from indole. These efficient processes provide rapid access to intricate molecular structures from simple starting materials and facilitate the preparation of drug-like molecules.
Copper-Catalyzed C–H Stereoselective Cyanation of Alkenes by Using an α-Iminonitrile as a Cyanating Reagent
Authors: Zhu Yong-Ming , Chen Zhen-Bang , Gao Qing-Qing , Liu Kui
Published: December 2018

The first copper-catalyzed cyanation through alkene C–H bond activation by using an α-iminonitrile as a cyanating agent has been realized. The approach efficiently constructs acrylonitriles in good yields with the advantages of high regioselectivity, cost-benefit, and operational simplicity.
Femoral Intramedullary Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications, Results, Pitfalls, Alternatives, and Controversies
Authors: Bono Olivia J. , Olcott Christopher W. , Carangelo Robert , Jamison James P. , Tigges Russell G. , Talmo Carl T. , Bono James V.
Published: December 2018

While femoral intramedullary alignment has been found to be the most accurate and reproducible method for proper femoral component orientation in total knee arthroplasty, certain situations preclude the use of intramedullary alignment, such as ipsilateral long-stem total hip arthroplasty, femoral shaft deformity (congenital or post-traumatic), capacious femoral canal, and retained hardware. These cases require alternative alignment guides, that is, extramedullary alignment. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of intramedullary alignment in reproducing the femoral anatomic axis. Using 35 adult cadaveric femora without obvious clinical deformity, and 7 with proximal prosthetic devices blocking the passage of an intramedullary guide, the accuracy of the guide rod was assessed both anatomically and radiographically. In the seven femora with proximal femoral devices, the guide rod could not be completely seated, resulting in a greater degree of flexion of the guide rod compared with the mechanical axis of the femur, and a greater degree of varus compared with the anatomical axis, as compared with 35 femora without obvious deformity. In cases where seating of the intramedullary guide rod is either incomplete or impossible, extramedullary femoral guides allow more accurate determination of the distal femoral cut by referencing directly from the mechanical axis, that is, the center of the femoral head. We present case studies as examples of indications for use of an extramedullary femoral guide. In addition, we demonstrate two different techniques for extramedullary femoral alignment using fluoroscopic guidance in cases incompatible with intramedullary alignment.
Nonlinear theory for beam-wave interactions of two electron beams with higher order TE20 mode in serpentine waveguide traveling wave amplifier
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Li Ke , Gao Pengpeng , Zhao Chao , Guo Xin , Zhang Zhaochuan
Published: December 2018

In this study, a nonlinear model is presented, which is used to analyze the beam-wave interaction of two electron beams with a higher TE20 mode in a serpentine waveguide (SW) traveling wave tube (TWT). Taking advantage of the novel model, the dimensions of SW are enlarged and the difficulties of fabrications of SW are reduced. To investigate the characteristics of two electron beams interacting with a high order mode in SW, the disk theory is used, in which the RF field in gap, space charge field, and the electron motion equations are combined, and the reactions of two electron beams to wave are considered. The nonlinear characteristics of power saturations, the distributions of electron velocity, and phase space are studied. To verify the validity of the nonlinear model, the theoretical results are compared with those of particle-in-cell simulations, and the output powers versus beam voltage and exciting frequency are studied. The results show that the relative errors are less than 10%, which are suitable for solving the SW-TWT operation characteristics.
Geodesic modes driven by plasma fluxes during oblique NB heating in tokamaks
Authors: Camilo de Souza F. , Elfimov A. G. , Galvão R. M. O.
Published: December 2018

Some relevant aspects of the instability of Geodesic Acoustic Modes (GAMs) driven by Neutral Beam (NB) injection are studied, in particular its dependence on the injection direction, that is, co- or counter-injection, and on the pitch angle distribution of the beam particles in velocity space. In this paper, we further investigate these and other related issues considering the excitation of GAMs by energetic ions created during NB injection and modeled by a bump-on-tail distribution function with a sharp Gaussian dependence over the pitch angle at the injection angle. The bump is considered to have an energetic ion tail with temperature of the order of the third part of the critical energy that appears due to the slowing down effect on electrons. It is found that the maximum frequency of the GAM instability stays below the particle circulation frequency at the critical energy, and it is substantially reduced to be closer to parallel injection conditions. The instability may be preferentially driven for counter NB injection due to the interaction of plasma rotation and/or diamagnetic drift with electron current velocity.
The impact of micro-alloying on relaxation dynamics in Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass
Authors: Hubek René , Seleznev Mikhail , Binkowski Isabelle , Peterlechner Martin , Divinski Sergiy V. , Wilde Gerhard
Published: December 2018

The impact of Co micro-alloying on low temperature specific heat capacity and the relaxation processes in a model Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass in both as-cast and cold-rolled states was investigated. In addition to an excess (Boson) peak at low temperatures of about 12 to 14 K, a magnetic heat capacity anomaly in the Co alloyed glass below 10 K was observed. The measured Boson peak heights and the fictive temperatures both advocate a much faster β relaxation in the micro-alloyed glass. Yet, the micro-alloying does not measurably affect the enthalpy associated with α-relaxation. The impact of shear bands on the thermodynamic properties of the micro-alloyed glass is discussed.
The dependence of ion orbit loss on ion charge and mass
Authors: Stacey Weston M.
Published: December 2018

The dependence of the kinetic ion orbit loss of thermalized ions in a tokamak plasma on the charge and mass of these ions is explicitly developed from the underlying ion orbit loss theory.
All-dielectric free-electron-driven holographic light sources
Authors: Clarke Brendan P. , Gholipour Behrad , MacDonald Kevin F. , Zheludev Nikolay I.
Published: December 2018

It has recently been shown that holographically nanostructured surfaces can be employed to control the wavefront of (predominantly plasmonic) optical-frequency light emission generated by the injection of medium-energy electrons into a gold surface. Here, we apply the concept to manipulation of the spatial distribution of transition radiation emission from high-refractive-index dielectric/semiconductor target materials, finding that concomitant incoherent luminescence emission at the same wavelength is unperturbed by holographic surface-relief structures, thereby deriving a means of discriminating between the two emission components.
The role of oxide interfaces in highly confined electronic and ionic conductors
Authors: Christensen Dennis V. , Chen Yunzhong , Esposito Vincenzo , Pryds Nini
Published: December 2018

Oxides bring not only new properties such as superconductivity, ferro-, pyro-, and piezoelectricity, ferromagnetism, and multi-ferroicity but also ionic and catalytic properties. Such richness arises from a strong interaction between the charge, orbital, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. Interfacing two oxide-based materials results in broken lattice symmetry as well as electronic and/or atomic reconstructions from which a wealth of new intriguing properties can emerge. Here, we provide an overview and perspective of electronic, ionic, and ionotronic properties in oxide systems with confinement designed by broken lattice symmetry.
Time-of-flight spectrometry of ultra-short, polyenergetic proton bunches
Authors: Würl Matthias , Englbrecht Franz S. , Lehrack Sebastian , Gianoli Chiara , Lindner Florian H. , Rösch Thomas F. , Haffa Daniel , Olivari Francesco , Petasecca Marco , Lerch Michael L. F. , Pogossov Alexandre , Tran Linh T. , Assmann Walter , Schreiber Jörg , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Parodi Katia
Published: December 2018

A common approach for spectrum determination of polyenergetic proton bunches from laser-ion acceleration experiments is based on the time-of-flight (TOF) method. However, spectra obtained using this method are typically given in relative units or are estimated based on some prior assumptions on the energy distribution of the accelerated ions. In this work, we present a new approach using the TOF method that allows for an absolute energy spectrum reconstruction from a current signal acquired with a sub-nanosecond fast and 10 µm thin silicon detector. The reconstruction is based on solving a linear least-squares problem, taking into account the response function of the detection system. The general principle of signal generation and spectrum reconstruction by setting up an appropriate system response matrix is presented. Proof-of-principle experiments at a 12 MV Tandem accelerator using different nanosecond-short (quasi-)monoenergetic and polyenergetic proton bunches at energies up to 20 MeV were successfully performed. Within the experimental uncertainties of 2.4% and 12.1% for energy and particle number, respectively, reconstructed energy distributions were found in excellent agreement with the spectra calculated using Monte Carlo simulations and measured by a magnetic spectrometer. This TOF method can hence be used for absolute online spectrometry of laser-accelerated particle bunches.
Proton acceleration from laser interaction with a complex double-layer plasma target
Authors: Yang Y. C. , Zhou C. T. , Huang T. W. , Ju L. B. , Jiang K. , Cai T. X. , Zhang H. , Wu S. Z. , Qiao B. , Yu M. Y. , Ruan S. C. , He X. T.
Published: December 2018

Target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) of protons from a solid-density plasma target consisting of a thin foil, with a thin hydrogen layer behind it and a plasma-filled tube with a parabolic density profile at its front, is investigated using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that the targetback sheath field induced by the laser driven hot electrons is double peaked, so that the protons are additionally accelerated. The hot sheath electrons, and thus the TNSA protons, depend strongly on the tube plasma, which unlike the preplasma caused by the laser prepulse can be easily controlled. It is also found that the most energetic and best collimated TNSA protons are produced when the tube plasma is of near-critical density.
Voltage effects on the stability of Pd ensembles in Pd–Au/Au(111) surface alloys
Authors: Weitzner Stephen E. , Dabo Ismaila
Published: December 2018

The catalytic performance of multimetallic electrodes is often attributed to a beneficial combination of ligand, strain, and ensemble effects. Understanding the influence of the electrochemical environment on the stability of the alloy surface structure is thus a crucial component to the design of highly active and durable electrocatalysts. In this work, we study the effects of an applied voltage to electrocatalytic Pd–Au/Au(111) surface alloys in contact with a model continuum electrolyte. Using planewave density functional theory, two-dimensional cluster expansions are parameterized and used to simulate dilute Pd–Au surface alloys under electrochemical conditions via Metropolis Monte Carlo within an extended canonical ensemble. While Pd monomers are stable at all potentials considered, different extents of surface electrification are observed to promote the formation of Pd dimers and trimers, as well as clusters of Pd monomers. We find that the relative proportion of monomer, dimer, and trimer surface fractions is in good agreement with in situ scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. The further development and refinement of the approaches described herein may serve as a useful aid in the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.
Anisotropic optical properties of highly doped rutile SnO2: Valence band contributions to the Burstein-Moss shift
Authors: Feneberg Martin , Lidig Christian , White Mark E. , Tsai Min Y. , Speck James S. , Bierwagen Oliver , Galazka Zbigniew , Goldhahn Rüdiger
Published: December 2018

The interband absorption of the transparent conducting semiconductor rutile stannic oxide (SnO2) is investigated as a function of increasing free electron concentration. The anisotropic dielectric functions of SnO2:Sb are determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The onsets of strong interband absorption found at different positions shift to higher photon energies with increasing free carrier concentration. For the electric field vector parallel to the optic axis, a low energy shoulder increases in prominence with increasing free electron concentration. We analyze the influence of different many-body effects and can model the behavior by taking into account bandgap renormalization and the Burstein-Moss effect. The latter consists of contributions from the conduction and the valence bands which can be distinguished because the nonparabolic conduction band dispersion of SnO2 is known already with high accuracy. The possible originsof the shoulder are discussed. The most likely mechanism is identified to be interband transitions at |k| > 0 from a dipole forbidden valence band.
Enhanced attenuation due to lattice resonances in a two-dimensional plasma photonic crystal
Authors: Righetti F. , Wang B. , Cappelli M. A.
Published: December 2018

We describe the experimental generation of a deep attenuation band in a finite size (7 × 7) two-dimensional photonic crystal constructed from an array of gaseous plasma columns. The attenuation band, centered at approximately 6 GHz, is due to the lattice resonance between the localized surface plasmon modes at the edge of the plasma columns and the internal Bragg fields of the photonic crystal. The attenuation band has a nearly 40 dB floor with Q ≈ 1. Enhancements are seen in the extinction of normal incidence transverse electric waves when the localized surface plasmon modes of the plasma columns are shifted into the vicinity of the photonic crystal Bragg resonances. Simulations and experiments are in reasonable agreement and confirm the appearance of a Fano-like profile with deep and broad extinction bands. The broadening of the spectra as surface plasmon modes come into coincidence with Bragg gaps suggests that the Bragg fields couple strongly into the radiating dipoles to drive enhanced damping of the photonic crystal resonance.
Vortex-excited acoustic resonance in channel with coaxial side-branches: Vortex dynamics and aeroacoustic energy transfer
Authors: Wang Peng , Deng Yifan , Liu Yingzheng
Published: December 2018

Vortex dynamics and aeroacoustic energy transfer, which play essential roles in vortex-excited acoustic resonance inside straight channels with coaxial side-branches, were investigated by phase-locked particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Howe’s acoustic analogy. In the experiments, the periodic acoustic pressure fluctuations at the endplates of the side branches were used to trigger PIV via a field-programmable gate array control system. The results revealed that the spatiotemporal evolution of vortex shedding can be classified into three regions in response to the acoustic standing-wave propagations: the formation region, the convection region, and the collapse region, along with the flapping recirculation zone and the intermittent vertical flow streaks that occur inside the side branches. Further investigation was performed in terms of phase-dependent quantities such as the shear and normal stresses; the normal stress production, which was attributed to the evolution of vortex shedding, was found to be the major contributor to the kinematics and energetics of the self-sustained flow. Finally, Howe’s acoustic analogy was used to determine the instantaneous acoustic power and the accumulated aeroacoustic energy during one acoustic resonance cycle. The aeroacoustic energy extracted from the acoustic standing-wave propagations contributed to the formation and subsequent growth of the shedding vortex, whereas the decreased turbulent kinetic energy of the shedding vortex was transferred to the acoustic standing waves to maintain the longitudinal wave propagations.
Radial density and heat fluxes description in the velocity space: Nonlinear simulations and quasi-linear calculations
Authors: Médina J. , Lesur M. , Gravier E. , Réveillé T. , Idouakass M. , Drouot T. , Bertrand P. , Cartier-Michaud T. , Garbet X. , Diamond P. H.
Published: December 2018

In the context of temperature gradient-driven, collisionless trapped-ion modes in magnetic confinement fusion, we perform and analyse numerical simulations to explore the turbulent transport of density and heat, with a focus on the velocity dimension (without compromising the details in the real space). We adopt the bounce-averaged gyrokinetic code TERESA, which focuses on trapped particles dynamics and allows one to study low frequency phenomena at a reduced computational cost. We focus on a time in the simulation where the trapped-ion modes have just saturated in amplitude. We present the structure in velocity space of the fluxes. Both density and heat fluxes present a narrow (temperature-normalized energy width ΔE/T ≈ 0.15) resonance peak with an amplitude high enough for resonant particles to contribute for 90% of the heat flux. We then compare these results obtained from a nonlinear simulation to the prediction from the quasi-linear theory and we find a qualitative agreement throughout the whole energy dimension: from thermal particles to high-energy particles. Quasi-linear theory over-predicts the fluxes by about 15%; however, this reasonable agreement is the result of a compensation between two larger errors of about 50%, both at the resonant energy and at the thermal energy.