bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Using a CNC Simulator in Learning the Mechanical Engineering Skills Program
Authors: Siryono Rencang , Santosa Budi , Susatya Edhy
Published: October 2023

The 21st century is better known as the digital era, an era of rapid development of information technology with data-based document management, digital transformation, and network-based communications. The research aims to evaluate the use of computer numerical control (CNC) simulators, analyze the effect of using CNC simulators, and find factors inhibiting the use of CNC simulators in learning Mechanical Engineering at Muhammadiyah 1 Playen Gunungkidul Vocational High School (SMK). The research uses quantitative methods by conducting experiments. The experimental design used is quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental design research. The variables used in this research are the independent and dependent variables. The research was carried out at Muhammadiyah I Playen Vocational School. The research subjects were students of class XII Machining Engineering, which consisted of three classes. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 for Windows application for normality testing and hypothesis testing. The research results show that using CNC simulators in learning the Mechanical Engineering Skills Program at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Playen Gunungkidul went smoothly. The results of the t-test analysis for the experimental class and control class obtained sig. (2-tailed) experimental class is 0.000< 0.05, and sig. (2-tailed) control class is 0.001. 0.001<0 .05. There is an inhibiting factor in using CNC simulators in learning the Mechanical Engineering Skills Program at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Playen Gunungkidul; namely, the number of CNC simulators provided is still limited, with the lowest type of CNC simulator.
CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ PARTİ KAPATMA DAVALARINA FELSEFİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: REFAH PARTİSİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: COŞGUN Melih , TÜRKÖZ Şükrü , TÜRKER Uğur Cem
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada, Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiyesi’nde parti kapatma davalarının tarihsel-hukukî seyri eksen alınarak, Refah Partisi kapatma davasının siyasi, ekonomik ve toplumsal nedenleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Buna ek olarak çalışma “kurucu dışarısı” ve “karar verilemezlik” kavramları üzerinden Parti kapatma süreçlerinin ve davalarının anlamlandırılmasında felsefi bir çözümleme içermektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Refah Partisi kapatma davasının nedenlerine felsefi bir bakış açısı kazandırmak ve “karar verilemezlik” kavramını eklemlendirmektir. Bunu yaparken “karar verilemezlik” yaklaşımının temeline, demokrasiyi koruma güdüsüyle hareket eden “militan demokrasi” yerine Türkiye örneğini anlamlandırmak için daha uygun olan rejimin korunması bağlamında “kurucu dışarısı” yerleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de Batı örneklerinden farklı olarak parti kapatmaların bir istisna yerine kural halini aldığı görülmektedir. Parti kapatma davalarının benzer çizgiye sahip yeni partilerin kurulmasını engellememesi bağlamında Schmittyen bir bakış açısıyla dostluğu sürdürebilmek adına düşmanın varlığı devam ettirilmeye çalışıldığı görülmüştür. Bu durum ise siyasal olanın sahip olması gereken gerilimi ve dinamizmi sağlamaktadır. Son olarak Türkiye’de parti kapatma davaları mevcut sorunu çözmekten ziyade karar verilemezliğin öngördüğü üzere birer erteleme aracıdır.
21. YÜZYILDA KİTLESEL GÖÇLER VE TÜRKİYE’NİN DEĞİŞEN GÖÇ POLİTİKASI
Authors: ÖZER Sanem , GÜNEŞ GÜLAL Asiye Gün
Published: October 2023

21. yüzyıl, küresel çatışmalara bağlı yerinden edilme ve zorunlu göç; ekonomik eşitsizlikler, çevresel zorluklar ve daha iyi yaşam koşulları arayışının tetiklediği büyük insan hareketleri ile karakterize edilen kitlesel göç dinamiklerine tanık olmaktadır. Bu dönüştürücü değişimlere bağlı olarak, göçmen hareketliliğine sahip bir ülke olan Türkiye, artık çok sayıda kitlesel göç akımı için hem önemli bir geçiş ve hem de varış noktası konumundadır. Uluslararası siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal koşullardan etkilenen, göç konusunda çeşitli uluslararası antlaşma ve sözleşmelere taraf olan Türkiye'nin göç politikasındaki değişimlerin incelendiği çalışmada, erken cumhuriyet döneminden itibaren değişen göç politikası, nüfus mübadelelerine de kısaca değinilerek ele alınmakta; ülkede geçici koruma statüsünü haiz kişiler olarak tanımlanan mültecilerin/göçmenlerin/sığınmacıların prekaryalaşması gözler önüne serilmekte ve uluslararası işbirliği çerçevesinde yapılması gerekenlere dikkat çekilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Suriye krizi sonrasında Türkiye’ye yönelen düzensiz göç merkeze alınarak, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkilerinin göç politikaları üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilecek; ayrıca kapsamlı bir göç politikasına neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu üzerinde durulacaktır. Türkiye’nin mültecilere yönelik göçmen odaklı ve uluslararası sorumluluk paylaşımını esas alan bir uluslararası mülteci rejiminin gelişimine yapabileceği katkı değerlendirilecektir.
CUMHURİYETİN 100. YILINDA TÜRKİYE’DE KOOPERATİFLERİN KURUMLAR VERGİSİ YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ASLANPAY Esin
Published: October 2023

Kooperatifler modern dünyada kalkınmanın anahtarlarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından kooperatifler kalkınma yolunda ve kalkınmanın sürdürülmesinde önemli araçlardır. Çeşitli sosyoekonomik sorunlarla mücadelede kooperatifleşmeden yararlanmanın oldukça köklü bir tarihi vardır ve bu kapsamda en büyük rol devlete yüklenmiştir. Devletin bu alandaki rolü, teşvik edici mekanizmalar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkar. Kooperatiflerin kalkınmada oynadığı söz konusu kilit rol, vergileme açısından diğer ticari organizasyonlardan ayrı değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılar. Bu yaklaşım çerçevesinde Türkiye’de belirli şartları sağlayan kooperatiflerin kazançları çeşitli muafiyet ve istisnalar ile vergi dışında tutulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kural olarak Kurumlar Vergisi mükellefi olan kooperatiflerin Kurumlar Vergisi karşısındaki durumu irdelenmektedir.
CUMHURİYET TÜRKİYE’SİNDE TARIMIN DÖNÜŞÜM SERÜVENİ: DÜN, BUGÜN VE YARIN
Authors: BULUT Erdem
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin yüz yıllık tarihindeki tarım sektörünün dönüşüm sürecine ışık tutmaktadır. Söz konusu dönüşüm süreci birçok açıdan önemlidir zira Türkiye’nin politik, sosyolojik ve ekonomik dinamikleri ve hatta kırılımları açısından belirleyici bir faktördür. Bu durum göz önünde bulundurularak, bu makalede, Türkiye’nin uyguladığı tarım politikaları beş dönem altında tahlil edilmiştir. Amaç, Türk tarım sektörüne hakim olan politikaları, dönemin koşulları ile birlikte değerlendirmektir. Söz konusu politikaların etki ve sonuçlarını görmek amacıyla geniş bir veri seti kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar tarım sektörünün ekonomi içindeki ağırlığının zamanla azaldığını göstermektedir. Ancak dezavantaj gibi görülen bu durum aslında Türkiye’nin tecrübe ettiği büyüme, gelişme ve modernleşme sürecinin kaçınılmaz bir sonucudur. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye’de tarım sektörü kırsal nüfus, tarımsal istihdam ve gıda arz güvenliği gibi nedenlerle, hala göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar büyük öneme sahiptir. Fakat Cumhuriyetin ilk dönemlerinden beri devam eden tarımsal arazilerin küçük ölçekli ve çok parçalı olması, verimsizlik ve girdilerde ithalata bağımlı olunması gibi yapısal problemler, Türk tarımının önündeki en büyük risk faktörleri olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır.
OSMANLI’DAN CUMHURİYET’E TÜRK MEDYASI
Authors: ÇİL Serdar
Published: October 2023

Osmanlı’dan birçok alanda olduğu gibi basın alanında bir enkaz devralan Türkiye Cumhuriyet’i özellikle ilk yıllarında basına büyük önem vermiştir. Genç Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşunda ihtiyaç duyulan ulus ve vatandaşlık bilincini oluşturmak için basından önemli ölçüde faydalanmıştır. Bu süreçte ise basın üzerinde baskı oluşturduğu yönünde eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Literatür taraması yapılan bu çalışmada Osmanlı’dan günümüze Türk basınının yaşadığı süreçler ortaya konulmaya ve bu eleştirlere cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda iktidara tehdit olarak görülen basın geç de olsa devlet eliyle oluşturulmuş ancak iktidarı korumak için bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Muhalif basın ise ciddi yaptırımlarla ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında hatta Milli Mücadele döneminde basının önemini kavrayan Atatürk ise Türk basınının gelişmesi için büyük çaba göstermiştir. Yeni kurulan Cumhuriyet’in devrimlerini halka anlatmak ve benimsetmek için basının çok önemli olduğunu gören Atatürk basından da bu sürece destek vermesini beklemiştir. Ancak bunu yaparken bağımsız, özerk ve profesyonel bir basının oluşması için gerekli alt yapı çalışmalarını da birlikte yürütmüştür. Dönemin olağandışı şartları basının üzerindeki denetimin zaman zaman artmasına sebep olmuştur. Ancak tarihi olayları dönemin şartları ekseninde ve bir bütün olarak değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Cumhuriyet’in ilerleyen dönemlerinde Türk medyası teknolojik olarak büyük ilerleme geçirmiş ve dünyada önemli bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Ancak içerik açısından ortaya çıkan durum tartışılmaktadır.
Investigate the significant impact of Effective Strategic Management on The Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses: A Case Study of M-Gurush Money Transfer Company
Authors:   MPA, Cavendish University Uganda, MBA, PGD-BA University of Juba UOJ, BD St Paul University, DIP Theology St Andrew College of Theology and Development, Kenya., Thieel Peter Garang
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of effective strategic management on the performance of small and medium-sized businesses through a case study of M-Gurush Money Transfer Company Limited. There are initiatives on the impact of mobile money in various places throughout the world, including Juba, South Sudan. Given that the definition of financial inclusion is "the share of individuals and firms that use financial services," the majority of studies have focused on the relationship between financial inclusion and mobile money (World Bank Group, 2014). Unquestionably, the growth of mobile money in Sub-Saharan Africa helps to accomplish this first goal. The global agenda item of financial inclusion is of great interest to policymakers, regulators, academia, businesses, and other stakeholders. Conduct a study for the M-Gurush Money Transfer Company, situated in Juba, South Sudan, evaluating the effectiveness of strategic management practices used by small and medium-sized businesses. Analyze how effective strategic management affects small and medium-sized firms' performance. Another crucial aspect of m-gurush money transfer is the generation of new concepts and technological innovations.
’FREQUENCY OF WORM INFESTATION AMONG PREGNANT FEMALES PRESENTING WITH ANEMIA TO DOCTORS TRUST TEACHING HOSPITAL SARGODHA
Authors: Bajwa Zunaira , Alia Asifa , Hussain Maria , Afzal Adnan , Afzal Zil-e-Huma , Javed Maimoona
Published: October 2023

Background: Anemia is major contributor to maternal deaths as well as to low birth weight in developing countries. Association of anemia with helminthic infestation has been seen in the world and by eliminating it, anemia may be reduced with positive effects on maternal outcome.

Methods: A cross sectional study done in Doctors trust teaching hospital Sargodha from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020 and total 130 patients were enrolled. Hemoglobin estimation and stool examination for parasitic infestation was done for all these women.  Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.

Results: From 130 patients, it was observed that the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 40 years with mean and standard deviation of the age was 29.86 ± 6.61 years. Mild anemia was observed in 45.4% patients, moderate anemia was observed in 26.9% patients and severe anemia was observed in 27.7% patients. The frequency of worm infestation was found as 17.7% in pregnant females presenting with anemia to a tertiary care hospital.  Effect modifiers have significant influence except age and monthly income. Significant association was found between BMI and presence of worm infestation having p-value = 0.005.
SABUN GEL “AVERLIM” : INOVASI PEMANFAATAN BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) SEBAGAI ZAT AKTIF ALAMI DENGAN PENGGUNAAN GELATIN HALAL DARI LIMBAH TULANG AYAM SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT
Authors: St. Maryam  , Rahmawati  , Herman Hendra
Published: October 2023

Desa Paddinging merupakan salah satu desa dari enam desa di Kecamatan Sanrobone Kabupaten Takalar. Target pengabdian di desa Paddinging adalah anggota PKK. Saat ini saat ini sedang digalakkan tentang hidup bersih. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu pemerintah desa adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada anggota PKK untuk dapat membuat atau memproduksi sendiri sabun cuci tangan yang dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan tangan dari kuman setelah buang air besar atapun setelah melakukan aktivitas lainnya yang membutuhkan kebersihan tangan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah membantu pemerintah desa dalam memberikan pelatihan kepada anggota PKK untuk dapat membuat sabun cuci tangan yang digunakan untuk membersihkan tangan dari kuman setelah melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Metodenya berupa pemberian pelatihan dan pembuatan sabun yang sudah diformulasikan menggunakan bahan aktif alami buah belimbing wuluh sebagai bahan dasar zat aktif (antiseptik) yang diolah menjadi suatu produk  kebersihan yaitu sabun cuci tangan. Hasil kegiatan ini yaitu memberikan manfaat besar bagi masyarakat terutama ibu PKK karena sudah dapat membuat sendiri sabun cuci tangan yang aman bagi kesehatan serta tidak mengiritasi kulit. Formula pada sabun yang diberikan menggunakan bahan aktif alami buah belimbing wuluh dengan menggunakan gelatin halal dari limbah tulang ayam. Sabun ini dapat dimanfaatkan secara langsung serta dapat melindungi diri dan keluarga dengan membiasakan mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun yang sudah dibuat.
Pengaruh Peran Guru PAI Terhadap Pengembangan Kecerdasan Siswa
Authors: Muhalli Muhalli
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Peran Guru PAI Terhadap Pengembangan Kecerdasan Siswa. Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam tidak hanya dituntut untuk mengajarkan konsep-konsep agama, tetapi juga bagaimana dapat menginspirasi siswa untuk menjadikan ajaran-ajaran tersebut sebagai pedoman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan memahami nilai-nilai moral dan etika yang diajarkan dalam agama, siswa belajar untuk membedakan antara tindakan yang benar dan salah, membentuk karakter yang kuat, serta menjadi individu yang berintegritas tinggi. Apakah peran guru PAI berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan kecerdasan siswa, masalah itu yang penulis angkat dalam penelitian ini. Adapun subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa SDN Karanganyar 1 Tegalampel. sampel yang dijadikan sasaran 100 siswa dari jumlah populasi 132 siswa. Dari hasil penelitian ini, nilai X untuk peran guru adalah 18,88 menunjukkan adanya pengaruh rendah terhadap pengembangan kecerdasan siswa (Y). Nilai X untuk peran guru  adalah 35,26 menunjukkan adanya pengaruh tinggi terhadap variabel Y1. sedangakan nilai X untuk peran guru adalah 9,27 menunjukkan adanya pengaruh rendah terhadap variabel Y2. Dengan demikian peran guru adalah harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru untuk membantu proses belajar mengajar dan pencapaian tujuan pengajaran serta berpengaruh terhadap pengembangn kecerdasan siswa.
Strategi Budaya Religius dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Siswa
Authors: Maula Nikmatul , Abdus Syukur Hayi
Published: October 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi budaya religius dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual siswa. Dalam realitas hidup hari ini, ada sebuah fenomena kecerdasan spiritual menjadi menurun karena budaya materiastik yang melanda semua aspek kehidupan. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Populasi yang diteliti adalah siswa di MA Manbaul Ulum Bondowoso meliputi kepala sekolah, waka kurikulum, para guru dan siswa. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Miles dan Huberman, mulai dari reduksi data, display data dan penerikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, bentuk budaya religius di MA Manbaul Ulum Wonosari Bondowoso berdasarkan hasil penelitian yaitu: sholat dluha, tadarus al-Qur’an, sholat dzuhur, istighosah, ziarah, sopan santun, shodaqoh yang dikenal dengan sabtu dermawan, berdo’a sebelum dan sesudah belajar ; kedua, Strategi yang digunakan dalam pengamalan budaya religius adalah dengan mengandalkan instruksi secara struktural yang ada. Salah satu cara untuk dapat mewujudkan pengamalan budaya religius adalah kepemimpinan dari kepala sekolah selaku pimpinan yang memiliki kekuasaan; ketiga, Dampak budaya religius dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual siswa bisa diketahui dengan cara bagaimana siswa berperilaku selama di sekolah. Sedangkan dampak dari peningkatan kecerdasan spiritual siswa mlalui budaya religius antara lain: memiliki akhlak yang mulia,mempunyai jiwa tolong menolong, memiliki sikap kedisiplinan tinggi, memiliki pemahaman yang baik dan mendalam tentang islam, serta memiliki keimanan dan ketakwaan yang tinggi
Implementasi Segitiga Restitusi dalam Membentuk Akhlakul Karimah Peserta Didik
Authors: Hofifah Hofifah
Published: October 2023

Segitiga restitusi adalah sebuah konsep yang digunakan dalam psikologi untuk membantu seseorang memperbaiki kesalahan yang telah dilakukan. Konsep ini terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu tiga restitusi atau retituon triangle dengan prinsip teori kontrol yaitu Menstabilkan identitas (Stabilize the identity), validasi tindakan yang salah (validate the misbehaviour), menanyakan keyakinan (seek the belief). Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan peserta didik melalui penerapan segitiga Restitusi terutama dalam pembentukan akhlakul karimah sehingga peneliti mengusung judul Implementasi Segitiga Restitusi Dalam Membentuk Akhlakul Karimah Peserta Didik Di SMP Manbaul Ulum Tangsil Wetan Wonosari Bondowoso. Metode penelitian menggunakan strategi untuk menyelesaikan masalah dengan tindakan menerapkan segitiga restitusi terutama pada masalah pelanggaran disiplin seperti jumlah kehadiran, tepat waktu, kejujuran, menaati kesepakatan kelas yang telah ditetapkan, dan mengakui secara sadar dan terbuka ketika melakukan kesalahan. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Pendekatan Deskriptif Kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan wawancara (interview), pengamatan (observasi) dan dokumentasi. Kemudian untuk teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Deskriptif-Eksploratif Analisis. Obyek yang diteliti ialah siswa SMP Manbaul Ulum baik yang mukim 90% maupun non mukim 30% sehingga hasil yang diperoleh meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa dari 65% menjadi 86%. Dengan demikian segitiga restitusi yang diterapkan di dalam kelas mampu meningkatkan kedisiplinan peserta didik.
STRATEGY FOR INCREASING THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS IN OVERCOMING FINANCING PROBLEMS
Authors: Adi Suwarno Suparjo , Anis Sulalah Asia
Published: October 2023

The financing problem is a classic problem that is still the main enemy of educational institutions. Funding that is not managed well will give rise to new problems and is vulnerable to hampering educational programs that have been created. This research aims to discuss qualitative research methods for literature study. The method used is library research, collecting data by searching for sources and reconstructing them from various sources such as books, journals and existing research.This article presents the concept of managing and raising educational funds (fundraising) which can be applied by educational institutions as an alternative to exploring financial resources in addition to using financial resources from the government and school/madrasah committees.
Aleitamento materno e introdução alimentar
Authors: Silva Bárbara Victória Almeida e , França Silva Larissa Beatriz , Manso Isabela Maria Prado , Braga Camila Bitu Moreno
Published: October 2023

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever as variáveis relacionadas com o aleitamento materno e com a introdução de novos alimentos em crianças saudáveis. O estudo analisou dados de 39 crianças saudáveis que foram coletadas por amostra de conveniência no Ambulatório de Pediatria de um Hospital Universitário Terciário, onde foram incluídos pacientes com idade de 6 meses a 2 anos e que estivessem com via oral exclusiva. As crianças tinham idade média de 13 meses, sendo a maioria delas adequada em relação à antropometria. Sobre a amamentação, 63% amamentaram no peito, com média de 10 meses para o desmame. Já na introdução alimentar, 44% introduziram líquidos antes de 6 meses, tendo a idade média de introdução alimentar de 6 meses. Diante disso, observamos que a introdução de outro leite precocemente não influenciou no desmame. No entanto, nota-se a introdução precoce de líquidos. Por fim, nota-se falhas no processo de introdução alimentar do nosso público alvo, como na consistência e no alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados.
Unexpected Isomerization of Oxetane-Carboxylic Acids – a viable mechanism
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

In the previous post, I looked at the intramolecular rearrangement of the oxetane carboxylic acid to a lactone, finding the barrier to the Sn2 reaction with retention was unfeasibly high. Here I explore alternatives. This first attempt uses a second molecule of a carboxylic acid (modelled as formic acid for simplicity) to see if it can catalyse the reaction.
Numerical study on the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns exposed to fire including	the cooling phase
Authors: Pham Thanh Hung , Nguyen Ha , Chu Thi Binh
Published: October 2023

It has been proven that reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to fire are likely to collapse during cooling phase. However, many insights into this phenomenon have not been covered in both research and building codes/standards. This paper presents a quantitative study on the behaviour of RC columns subjected to natural fire including cooling phase, particularly the fire resistance R and burnout resistance DHP of columns. The study adopted Eurocode parametric fire model to simulate the natural fire curve and finite element models in SAFIR to simulate the during-and-post-fire responses of RC columns with various cross-sections. A parametric study on the effects of various factors (concrete cover, load ratio, and reinforcement ratio) on the DHP-R relationship is also presented.
El distrito 22@Barcelona: ¿Una “plataforma de innovación” urbana o la urbanización del capitalismo de plataformas?
Authors: Charnock Greig , Ribera-Fumaz Ramon
Published: October 2023

Este artículo despliega el trabajo teórico de David Harvey para entender los procesos contemporáneos de urbanización del “capitalismo de plataformas”. Empezamos por aislar varias de las principales innovaciones conceptuales de Harvey para contextualizar el desarrollo del capitalismo de plataformas y explicar la importancia de las plataformas digitales y los “ecosistemas” de startups. Luego, el artículo los aplica como heurística para explicar críticamente cómo las dinámicas de financierización, conversión en activos (assetisation) y reproducción de formas específicas de la fuerza de trabajo se han fusionado con procesos de urbanismo emprendedor en la producción del distrito de innovación del 22@. Finalmente, el artículo se centra en el caso de Glovo, la plataforma de “comercio rápido”, para ilustrar los aspectos más nocivos y controvertidos de la urbanización contemporánea del capitalismo de plataformas en Barcelona.
This article deploys the theoretical work of David Harvey to comprehend contemporary processes of the urbanisation of ‘platform capitalism’. It isolates several of Harvey’s key conceptual innovations in order to use them to contextualise the development of platform capitalism and to explain the significance of platforms and start-up ‘ecosystems’. The article then applies these as heuristics to explain and critique how dynamics of financialisation, assetisation, and the reproduction of specific supplies of labour-power have fused with supply-side urban entrepreneurial placemaking processes to produce the 22@ innovation district. The article homes in on the case of the quick commerce delivery platform, Glovo, to illustrate the more deleterious and contested aspects of the contemporary urbanisation of platform capitalism in Barcelona.
BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF BAMBOO PAPER BY TWO WHITE-ROT FUNGI SPECIES
Authors: Hastuti Novitri , Agustini Luciasih , Aini Erlina Nurul , Indrawan Dian Anggraini , Pari Gustan , Wibisono Heru Satrio
Published: October 2023

Non-wood paper production, such as bamboo paper, is an alternative to meet the massive demand for paper consumption in the recent era. Bamboo paper, made from Bambusa vulgaris fibers and manufactured with the addition of activated nano-carbon, shows an improvement in paper quality. However, there is a potential worry with the incorporation of activated carbon since it may hinder the degradation process of paper. Concerning the substance's life cycle, degradation assisted by the fungal decomposer of this new product is crucial. This study investigated the effects of the white-rot fungi, viz. Phlebiopsis sp and Pycnoporus sp., on the degradation of bamboo paper with- or without- activated nano-carbon (BPAC and BPNAC). In vitro experiments that combined two variables (Fungal agents and Paper types) were carried out for 12 weeks. The results revealed that Pycnoporus sp. was more effective in decomposing both BPAC and BPNAC rather than Phlebiopsis sp. After being degraded by Phlebiopsis sp. and Pycnoporus sp. for 12 weeks, the remaining mass of BPAC was 64.14% and 48.96%, respectively, while the BPNAC was 69.89% and 38.25%, respectively. The ability of these fungal agents on composite-paper degradation was compared to other similar studies. Further investigation and possible applications were discussed.
Development Of Nickel Aluminium Bronzes By Powder Metallurgy For Marine Applications
Authors: Fayanás Aintzane , Ordás Nerea , Valls Isaac , Urionabarrenetxea Ernesto , Iturriza Íñigo , Veiga Ángela
Published: October 2023

In this work, the feasibility of Powder Metallurgy (PM) routes as processing methods for Nickel-Aluminium Bronze (NAB) alloys have been studied to produce components with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance for the marine industry. Conventional PM (compaction and sintering) and PM-HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing of encapsulated powder) have been explored to obtain fully dense NAB from gas atomised powder with Cu-9Al-4.5Ni-4.1Fe-0.9Mn (wt.%) composition. The results show that an adequate selection of raw materials and process parameters lead to fully dense materials with a microstructure similar to that of a NAB alloy produced by conventional production process. Final heat treatments are responsible for further microstructural refinement and dissolution of detrimental brittle phases, like retained martensitic β.
Az államjogász Kovács István pályakezdésének évei
Authors: Révész Béla
Published: October 2023

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Demonstráció és argumentáció a jogban
Authors: Szabó Miklós
Published: October 2023

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Michel Villey és a jogfilozofálás csapdái
Authors: Varga Csaba
Published: October 2023

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Strategi Persaingan Industri Dan Substitusi Industri Impor Tehadap Kemajuan Teknologi
Authors: Tohonan Rohani Silaban  , Muhammad Yasin
Published: October 2023

This research aims to increase knowledge and insight in the field of industrial economics and aims to analyze industrial competitive strategies in facing technological advances. The research method uses qualitative methods and library research. The data collection technique is to record important information in carrying out data analysis by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions to obtain conclusions. The results of the research show that Indonesia's industrial strategy is to be able to survive in competition and import substitution must be increased to meet the needs of a growing society. increasing even though industry can be one of the strategies in the industrial sector that can be developed in the future in an effort to realize Indonesia's economic growth.
Analisis Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Di Kantor Desa Watugong Kecamatan Alok Timur
Authors: Marselina Afrila Wio  , Andreas Rengga  , Magdalena Silawati Samosir
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui pengelolaan keuangan desa di Kantor Desa Watugong Kecamatan Alok Timur.Jenis metode  penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Data dihasilkan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kantor Desa Watugong, Kecamatan Alok Timur.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengelola keuangan desa yang meliputi perencanaan pengelolaan keuangan desa di Kantor Desa Watugong banyak hambatan atau kendala yang terulang dari masing-masing kesiapan perangkat desa tentang penyusunan APBDes. Pelaksanaan pengelolaan keuangan desa Watugong bahwa penerimaan dan pengeluaran keuangan desa watugong dilaksanakan melalui rekening kas

desa tetapi banyak kendala dalam Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Keuangan Desa di Kantor Desa Watugong.

Penatausahaan pengelola keuangan desa Watugong belum sepenuhnya manaati Peraturan Menteri  Dalam Negeri No 20 Tahun 2018 secara baik, karena kendala kurangnya pemahaman bendahara dalam tugas. Pelaporan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan Desa Watugong telah menerapkan perosedur dalam pengelola keuangan desa. Dalam hal ini pemerintah Desa Watugong telah menaati Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 20 Tahun 2018. Pertanggungjawaban pengelolaan keuangan desa sudah diinformasikan secara tertulis dan transparan kepada publik melalui baliho.
Penerapan dan Pelatihan Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak di TK/PAUD
Authors: Togatorop Parmonangan R. , Simaremare Mario E. S.
Published: October 2023

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini adalah dasar peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan berperan pada  kemajuan pendidikan di masa yang akan datang. Untuk memaksimalkan potensi anak, harus dimulai sedini mungkin. Salah satu tujuan pendidikan anak usia dini adalah untuk menyediakan pembelajaran untuk pengembangan keterampilan dan kemampian anak. Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) atau problem based learning adalah salah satu strategi pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan strategi pembelajaran PBL kepada guru dan siswa di PAUD GKII Sangkar Ni Huta Balige. Melalui kegiatan ini, dirancang sebuah metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan siswa PAUD di sekolah tersebut. Pembelajaran yang telah dirancang tersebut kemudian diterapkan dengan berbagai kegiatan dan kemudian di evaluasi menggunakan insrtumen evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pembelajaran PBL ini memberikan dorongan bagi anak untuk berpikir secara kreatif karena didukung oleh peralatan dan rancangan pembelajaran yang sesuai.
Pelatihan Peningkatan Omset Penjualan Melalui Marketplace pada Pengrajin Kayu dan Pengusaha Souvenir di Kabupaten Samosir
Authors: Damanik Hanna Meilani , Hasugian Christnova , Samosir Hendrik E.S , Purba Martin Luter
Published: October 2023

Pengabdian  berisi tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan omset penjualan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital pada pengrajin kayu dan pengusaha souvenir pada Kabupaten Samosir.  Selama ini para pengrajin dan pengusaha di daerah Kabupaten Samosir masih sangat bergantung pada pemasaran secara tradisional sehingga omset penjualan produk mereka tergolong rendah. Oleh karena itu, maka pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk memberi pengetahuan bagaimana memanfaatkan market place sebagai media pemasaran sekaligus cara meningkatkan omset penjualan para pengrajin kayu dan pengusaha souvenir di Kabupaten Samosir.  Adapun market place yang diperkenalkan adalah Shopee. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan pelatihan dalam menuntun langkah-langkah dalam pembuatan akun Shopee untuk berjualan. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, pelatihan memotivasi pelaku UMKM diharapkan mampu menjadi sumber daya manusia yang memiliki kompetensi inti yang menjadi sumber keunggulan bersaing.  Dengan pemahaman mereka setelah mendengarkan dan mengikuti segala bentuk wacana, mereka menyadari pentingnya melek teknologi, pemanfaatan akun marketplace sebagai penjual dapat membantu pelaku UMKM dalam meningkatkan omset penjualan mereka.
Kajian Etnografi Komunikasi Dell Hymes Terhadap Tradisi Tu’u Belis
Authors: Elimanafe Fifi A. , Manafe Yermia Djefri , Balalembang Christian J. , Jelahut Felisianus Efrem
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan dan komponen komunikasi dalam tradisi Tu’u Belis. Metode penelitian ini adalah adalah metode etnografi komunikasi model Dell Hymes yakni SPEAKING. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah prosesi pelaksanaan tradisi Tu’u Belis yang merupakan urutan atau tahap-tahap untuk melaksanakan Tradisi ini di Kelurahan Oesapa Barat yakni ada 3 tahap antara lain; 1)Tahap Persiapan 2)Tahap Pelaksanaan 3)Tahap Akhir dan komponen-komponen komunikasi berdasarkan etnografi komunikasi Dell Hymes yakni SPEAKING antara lain; 1) Setting-nya di Rumah dan Scene-nya Serius, Santai, Khusyuk, Akrab dan Bahagia 2) Participant: Tuan Pesta, Juru Bicara, Tamu undangan, Petugas Konsumsi dan Pemegang Buku, 3) Ends dalam tradisi Tu’u Belis membangun interaksi yang baik, Tolong-Menolong antar sesama ketika membutuhkan bantuan dalam pemenuhan belis dan membangun solidaritas, 4) Act Sequence terdiri dari 3 tahap, 5) Keys dalam Tu’u Belis adalah  nada tinggi dan stabil, 6) Instrument nya menggunakan bahasa lisan, tulisan dan simbol, 7) Norms-nya yaitu pengadaan Tu’u Belis hanya 1 kali dalam 1 bulan pada setiap RT, , mengembalikan  Tu’u yang diberikan atau obligasi yang harus dilunasi. 8) Genre Melalui narasi dalam bentuk pernyataan, pertanyaan, pemberitahuan dan nasehat. Berbagai komponen tersebut telah membentuk Tradisi Tu’u Belis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Proses dalam pelaksanaan Tradisi Tu’u Belis merupakan alur proses komunikasi yang berhubungan dalam mencapai tujuan pengadaan tradisi Tu’u Belis.
FENOMENA KOMUNIKASI IMAM DIOSESAN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Bonita Putri Maria Eka , Andung Petrus Ana , Swan Maria V.D. Phaba
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang penggunaan media sosial oleh Imam Diosesan di Keuskupan Agung Kupang, bagaimana media sosial digunakan sebagai sarana penunjang kehidupan sehari-hari baik dalam hal pekerjaan, hiburan sampai komunikasi yang dalam prosesnya menghasilkan berbagai pengalaman-pegalaman komunikasi dari setiap penggunanya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini secara khusus akan membahas tentang bagaimana pengalaman komunikasi para Imam dalam menggunakan dan memanfaatkan keunggulan media sosial milik mereka sebagai sarana pelayanan mereka pada umat serta apa saja makna yang diperoleh dari penggunaan media sosial tersebut. Penelitian ini dikaji menggunakan teori dan metode fenomenologi Alfred Schutz dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menjadi seorang Imam yang hidup dalam aturan dan tata cara hidup gereja katolik tidak membuat para Imam menutup mata akan kemajuan teknologi masa kini, gereja katolik juga secara resmi mendukung para Imamnya untuk secara langsung terlibat aktif dalam penggunaan media sosial dalam aktivitas pelayanan iman para imam dengan selalu memperhatikan atau berakar dalam cara hidup kristiani. Para Imam dengan cerdas dan bijak menggunakan media sosial sebagai suatu bentuk rasa syukur akan kekayaan intelektual manusia yang diberikan Tuhan di dunia dan melihat kehadiran media sosial sebagai suatu bentuk inovasi terbaru dalam melayani umat secara lebih realtime dan interaktif.
APLIKASI TIKTOK DAN PERILAKU CANDU REMAJA
Authors: Tamonob Maria Marsiadis , Wutun Monika , Swan Maria V.D. Pabha
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah bentuk dan dampak perilaku candu yang ditampilkan pada remaja dalam menggunakan media sosial TikTok di Kelurahan Oebufu, Kota Kupang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dengan menggunakan teori ketergantungan media. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan dan perilaku candu pada remaja terhadap aplikasi media sosial TikTok. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif dan virtual serta dokumentasi. Informan peneliti sebanyak 6 remaja pengguna aplikasi media sosial TikTok. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga bentuk perilaku candu yang ditampilkan pada remaja Kelurahan Oebufu Kota Kupang yakin; Pertama, dalam durasi penggunaanya masuk dalam kategori level medium users dan heavy users dengan penggunaannya mulai dari 3-8 jam/hari. Kedua, FOMO atau kecemasan sosial terjadi pada remaja yang kecanduan mengakses TikTok. Ketiga, adanya pemenuhan kebutuhan yang diperoleh melalui TikTok. Dampak perilaku candu yang ditampilkan pada remaja Kelurahan Oebufu Kota Kupang dalam penggunaan media sosial TikTok terdiri dari dampak negatif yang mengakibatkan waktu belajar dan produktifitas terbuang, banyak pekerjaan tertunda hingga pemborosan penggunaan data internet. Sedangkan dampak positifnya adalah tiktok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana mencari informasi maupun hiburan dan memperluas relasi pertemanan.
Artículo 37
Authors: Arévalo Gutiérrez Alfonso
Published: October 2023

Comentario sobre el Título III, del Régimen Jurídico. Capítulo II: De la Administración, artículo 37, de la Ley Orgánica 3/1983, de 25 de febrero de 2008, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad de Madrid.
Disposición Transitoria Quinta
Authors: Domínguez Castro José , Serrano Patiño Alberto
Published: October 2023

Comentario sobre la Disposición Transitoria Quinta de la Ley Orgánica 3/1983, de 25 de febrero de 2008, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad de Madrid.
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF A LONG-RANGE UAV FOR STRATEGIC MONITORING MISSIONS
Authors: Salazar Logroño Franklin , MARTINEZ GARCIA SOFIA , DE CASTRO MARTIN ANGEL
Published: October 2023

The great development of the aviation industry in recent years has allowed to extend its field of application from the military to the civilian field. The use of UAVs to perform high-risk missions, as well as immediate action, allows the development of research in the area of UAVs. The manufacturing of a UAV for monitoring and video surveillance applications requires an adequate design and modeling of the system. One of the main characteristics for a stable flight of a UAV is its aerodynamic design, since this depends on the application for which it is built. This paper presents the aerodynamic design and modeling of the UAV, as well as its trajectory simulation and the construction of a functional UAV for strategic missions. The project was developed within a knowledge exchange agreement between the Ecuadorian Armed Forces (FAE) and the Technical University of Ambato (UTA). The analysis of the different airfoils allowed to determine that the S4083 airfoil, part of the 4-digit family of the NACA airfoil, is the most suitable for the proposed system, allowing to achieve average flight times of 3 hours, with the inclusion of a solar power source incorporated in the UAV wings.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN ENERGY POLYGENERATION SYSTEM FOR THE TR5 BUILDING AT THE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA (UPC)-TERRASSA CAMPUS
Authors: PINTO EDWIN SAMIR , AMANTE GARCIA BEATRIZ
Published: October 2023

The building sector represents around one third of the energy related to the EU greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which make it a crucial sector for achieving the EU’s energy and environmental goals. Thus, to boost energy performance of buildings, the EU has established a legislative framework to foster the integration of renewable energy technologies in the buildings. In this sense, bearing in mind the needs of retrofit of the public buildings in Spain, and in particular in Catalunya, this paper proposes the optimization of a polygeneration system for the building TR5 of the Polytechnic University of Catalunya located in Terrassa. This is carried out through a Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) model to optimize from the economic point of view the energy system under different energy prices scenarios. The results show the feasibility of the PV technology in all scenarios, whereas other technologies such as solar thermal collectors, energy storage, among others, were not feasible in any scenario. On the other hand, the optimal configuration changes according to the energy prices but also the environmental impact. In particular, higher natural gas prices leads to reduce the GHG emissions whereas higher electricity prices not necessarily.

Keywords: Polygeneration systems; optimization; energy efficiency; buildings.
ENUSA AND ORIGINS OF NUCLEAR FUEL MANUFACTURING IN SPAIN
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Esther M. , LOPEZ GARCIA SANTIAGO , DE LA TORRE CAMPOS JOSEBA
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to explore the origins of industrial nuclear fuel fabrication in Spain. Founded in 1972 for centrally managing the nuclear fuel cycle, the Empresa Nacional del Uranio SA (ENUSA) agreed with the American multinationals Westinghouse and General Electric the assignment of licenses and technical assistance for manufacturing fuel assemblies for light water reactors (in its two variants, PWR and BWR). This is the only phase of the uranium cycle which ENUSA keeps today (Juzbado plant, Salamanca). In spite of the current energy crisis and the uncertainty of the nuclear option, the company has celebrated its 50th anniversary in a moment of success, as a result of its important export and technological activity in the nuclear, logistic and environmental fields.
MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARDS OCEAN ENERGY COMMERCIALISATION
Authors: RUIZ  MINGUELA PABLO , VILLATE  MARTINEZ JOSE LUIS , WAH WONG PUI , NOBLE DONALD , JEFFRE HENRY FORBES
Published: October 2023

The EU aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 through the European Green Deal and its commitment to global climate action under the Paris Agreement. Transitioning to a carbon-neutral society requires increasing the share of renewable energy across different sectors. Ocean energy can contribute to job creation, economic revitalization, and grid balancing. However, public funding and financial instruments are necessary to reduce risks, advance technology, and to support demonstration and pre-commercial projects in the ocean energy sector. The SEETIP Ocean project, supported by the European Commission through the Horizon Europe framework programme, aims to accelerate the deployment of the ocean energy sector by promoting collaboration among stakeholders. As part of the project, an analysis is being conducted to assess technological progress, identify implementation gaps, and update the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for Ocean Energy. The analysis reveals reasonable progress in research and innovation, albeit with smaller project sizes compared to current SRIA recommendations, and the need for increased support from national programmes. Some topics have been covered more than proposed funding and number of projects, while others not at all. This highlights the need for effective communication and collaboration between both the European Commission and Member State funders and their programmes. In addition, public support and funding is crucial to lower investment risks and propel ocean energy technologies towards commercialisation. With appropriate funding and policy support, the European ocean energy sector could strengthen its position as a worldwide leader and harness the socio-economic benefits from the sector.

Keywords: Climate neutrality, Ocean energy, Funding, Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA), Challenge Areas, Priority Topics.
Social Entrepreneurship In The New Economy Among The Younger Generation
Authors: Zainul Wasik  , S. Sangadji Suwandi , Iswanto Dedy
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This essay aims to reconstruct young people's understanding of and attitude towards social entrepreneurship as a field of endeavour critical to developing crucial competencies in the New Economy. The study also aims to describe young people's perceptions of their willingness to participate in society and the current economy as agents.

Design/methodology/approach: In order to accomplish this, a diagnostic study (based on a so-called task catalogue) was carried out with a group of more than 500 students in Indonesian vocational high schools, senior high schools, and private schools, as well as three workshops with students from particular school types.

Findings: According to the study, students are aware of the possibilities of engaging in social activism through broadly construed social entrepreneurship and third sector involvement. It was also proven that they are well cognizant of the opportunities and requirement for action in this regard. The materials that students have discussed transfer into skills required in the New Economy.

Research limitations/implications: A lot of variables that could influence teenage behaviour must be taken into account in modern study. These difficulties will undoubtedly merit consideration throughout the formulation and creation of the research's tools in further in-depth studies.

Practical implications: Young people's social entrepreneurship is constantly evolving, and even though its focus shifts (from shared management activities to civic engagement and social solidarity activities), it always refers to collaborative efforts on the cusp of economic and social reality. Young people's attitude towards carrying out duties that are beneficial to society is also evolving. Young people view them as a chance to address both societal issues and the difficulties posed by the postmodern world's transformations.

Social implications: Young people are more conscious and involved citizens as well as more responsible future members of the New Economy thanks to the competencies they have acquired.

Originality/value: The paper reconstructs the tools, strategies, and perspectives of young people towards the agency opportunities provided by social entrepreneurship. The knowledge that was gathered was examined in light of the project's competency-based competence issues.
AÇÕES DO NÚCLEO DE ATENDIMENTO ÀS PESSOAS COM NECESSIDADES EDUCACIONAIS ESPECÍFICAS (NAPNEE) NA PERMANÊNCIA E APRENDIZAGEM DOS ALUNOS COM NECESSIDADES EDUCACIONAIS ESPECIAIS NOS CURSOS TÉCNICOS INTEGRADOS AO ENSINO MÉDIO DO IFMG
Authors: Sandro Salles Gonçalves  , Ana Lúcia de Souza Guerra  , Thaiga Cristina Maria Soares
Published: October 2023

Nas últimas décadas temos acompanhado a evolução das necessárias discussões em torno da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência nos diversos espaços da sociedade. Considerando a Lei n° 13.409, de 28 de dezembro de 2016, que dispõe sobre a reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência nos cursos técnicos de nível médio e superior das IES, buscamos compreender e discutir como o NAPNEE tem se articulado e configurado suas ações diante das políticas públicas atuais na promoção da acessibilidade, inclusão e permanência dos alunos com NEE, público alvo de seu atendimento educacional. Nesse sentido, tivemos como objeto do estudo o NAPNEE no âmbito da Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio, do IFMG- Campus São João Evangelista, com investigação e analise nos documentos disponibilizados pelo NAPNEE, tendo em vista os objetivos da pesquisa. Desta maneira, esta pesquisa nos possibilita concluir que o Núcleo de atendimento às Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Específicas, Campus São João Evangelista do IFMG, exerce papel indispensável na garantia de acesso e permanência, bem como no enfrentamento de entraves e dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais dos cursos integrados ao ensino médio em sua relação com os processos de ensino e aprendizagem.