bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Unfortunately, we couldn’t reach a definitive diagnosis”: the interactional management of uncertainty in genetic counseling
Authors: Ostermann Ana Cristina , Frezza Minéia
Published: September 2024

This paper examines how participants in genetic counseling sessions interactionally manage situations where the results of tests to investigate the causes of identified fetal malformations are inconclusive or missing. The dataset consists of 54 audio-recorded interactions at a unit specialized in moderate- and high-risk pregnancies at a Brazilian public hospital. Conversation analysis was used to examine the data, revealing that the participants deployed interactional actions that exhibited highly negative valence toward diagnostic inconclusiveness, demonstrating that when there is a motivation for a medical examination, insofar as its results will serve as a basis for subsequent decision-making (in this case about future pregnancies), there is a preference for bad diagnostic news over absent or inconclusive diagnostic news. These findings are consistent with prior interactional studies.
Questões conjunturais sobre a regulação da IA
Authors: Silveira Sergio Amadeu
Published: September 2024

O texto parte da disputa em torno da regulação da inteligência artificial (IA) realmente existente, dividida entre dois polos, o da proteção da inovação e o da necessidade de mitigar riscos sociais e ambientais. Avança para apontar a colossal concentração de poder computacional e de dados nas mãos dos oligopólios digitais, as big techs. Levanta preocupações sobre o impacto dessa concentração na soberania digital e na capacidade do país em controlar suas infraestruturas e dados. Argumenta como a falta de transparência e explicabilidade nos sistemas de IA agrava os riscos de discriminação e exclusão social. Ainda, defende que a regulação da IA deve garantir direitos, salvaguardar a soberania e promover um ecossistema digital autônomo e inclusivo.
O trabalho do editor científico: vocação, precarização e esgotamento
Authors: Sacramento Igor , Barcellos Christovam , Araújo Kizi Mendonça de
Published: September 2024

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Investigation of the Effects of Waste Olive Pomace on Vermicompost
Authors: Akpinar Borazan Alev , Değirmenci Levent , Cumhur Değirmenci Öznur
Published: September 2024

The effects of olive pomace on the degradation of organic matter were investigated via vermicomposting. Biomass consisting of eggshell, cabbage, banana peel, napkin, nutshell, cattle manure, and soil was amended with varying amounts of olive pomace (0, 15, 30, 37.5%). These four mixtures, with a total of 2000g, were fed to 170 Eisenia fetida earthworms per mixture. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, and elemental analyses analyzed samples collected from biomass at the end of 45 days. Results were evaluated to determine the effect of olive pomace on organic matter degradation and earthworm vitality. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of feedstock revealed a decrease in void volumes, implying the formation of a compact structure with olive pomace addition. Vermicomposting of biomass enhanced biomass’s compactness, further validated by decreases in BET surface areas, pore sizes, and pore volumes. The 31% increase of earthworm biomass in the presence of 37.5% olive pomace implied an affinity of Eisenia fetida towards olive pomace. This finding was further validated by FT-IR peaks obtained at 2850 and 2923 cm-1, showing increased biomass aromaticity due to the degradation of readily biodegradable aliphatic structure introduced by olive pomace. Ongoing organic matter degradation could be observed with the decrease of C/N ratios in the presence of olive pomace as high as 15%. However, a further increase in olive pomace increased the C/N ratio, which was explained by the increase in total nitrogen values during vermicomposting. Elemental analyses evaluated regarding C/N, O/C, and H/C ratios also indicated increased earthworm mobility with increasing olive pomace in the feedstock. The results obtained in the study were interpreted to introduce olive pomace as a preferable nutrition source for earthworms, which was the highlight of the present study
Effectiveness of teaching strategy on management of psychiatric and psychological emergencies in geriatric residents of care homes seen in emergency settings among health professionals
Authors: Alex Livingston  , Anu V Kumar  , Soniya Rasheed A  , Varghese Yohannan
Published: September 2024

Psychiatric and psychological emergencies are prevalent in clinical practice and pose a distinct challenge. Such emergencies may be especially difficult to manage in medical environments, as staff may not frequently encounter them and may lack experience in addressing behavioral crises. This study examined the effectiveness of a teaching strategy aimed at improving the management of psychiatric and psychological emergencies among healthcare professionals in selected hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram District. The study's objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of this teaching strategy on the knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding the management of psychiatric and psychological emergencies in geriatric residents of care homes presented in emergency situations, as well as to explore the relationship between this knowledge and various demographic factors. The research was grounded in the Ludwig von Bertalanffy model and utilized a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 120 Health professionals working different hospitals in Thiruvanadhapuram. Purposive sampling was used. The instruments used in this study were the demographic proforma, questionnaire on management of psychiatric and psychological emergencies in geriatric residents of care homes seen in emergency settings and teaching strategy on management of psychiatric and psychological emergencies in geriatric residents of care homes seen in emergency settings. A pre-test was given to samples in the experimental group and control group. Participants in the experimental group were administered teaching strategy with the help of hand out for 45 minutes, and those in the control group were monitored. Post-test was performed two weeks after the intervention. The findings revealed that in the experimental group 71.7% had good knowledge and 28.3% had average knowledge, and in the control group 61.7 % had average knowledge and 38.3% had poor knowledge regarding management of psychiatric and psychological emergencies in geriatric residents of care homes seen in emergency settings. Teaching strategy given to staff nurses in experimental X group had significantly increase their knowledge (P<0.01) and also there was significant association between knowledge of staff health professionals and area of working. Health professionals play an important role in early assessment and management of psychiatric emergencies. Education programs are necessary to improve the holistic care of patients and for improving the safety and confidence of health professionals when working with patients with behavioural emergencies.
Advent of machine learning in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Samahitha Kaliyuru Ravi  , Sameera Kaliyuru Ravi  , A. Hema Prabha
Published: September 2024

The advent of Machine Learning has significantly transformed the landscape of automation, heralding a new era of efficiency, precision, and innovation. This literature review explores the pivotal role of machine learning in advancing automation across various industries. By examining the evolution of machine learning algorithms and their integration into automated systems, the paper highlights key developments and breakthroughs that have enabled machines to perform complex tasks with minimal human intervention. The review delves into case studies from manufacturing, healthcare, finance, and driver-less vehicles, illustrating how machine learning-driven automation has improved productivity, enhanced decision-making, and reduced operational costs. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with the widespread adoption of machine learning in automation, such as data privacy, job displacement, and algorithmic bias. By synthesizing findings from recent research, this review provides a thorough study of the current state and future potential of machine learning in automation. The insights gained underscore the huge impact of machine learning technologies, along with the need for continuous innovation and regulation to harness their full potential while mitigating associated risks. This paper serves as a valuable resource for academics, industry professionals, and policymakers aiming to navigate and contribute to the rapidly evolving field of machine learning in automation.
Influence of dust deposition on photovoltaic (PV) module performance at the different sites
Authors: Anil Kumar Sisodia
Published: September 2024

This research paper has been designed to investigate the effect of small dust pollutants on a solar photovoltaic panel output power capacity under different environmental conditions. The impact of the various dust pollutants on photovoltaic (PV) modules has been assessed and analyzed. The results show how dust accumulation influences the PV module's performance through output power. The panel performance gradually decreases with increasing dust accumulation on PV glass plate. Consequently, A significant amount of power loss (12.52% - 16.29%) has been recorded at the different PV sites. In which, a maximum level of power loss (16.29%) was obtained for the lime-stone site.
Left Atrial Plasty in Surgical Treatment of Combined Mitral-Aortic-Tricuspid Valve Diseases Complicated by Left Atrial Dilation
Authors: Popov Volodymyr V. , Bolshak Oleksandr O.
Published: September 2024

The aim. To study the possibilities of various techniques of the left atrial (LA) plasty in the correction of combined mitral-aortic-tricuspid valve diseases (cMATVD) in the presence of left atrial dilation (LAD).
Materials and methods. The analysis included the results of surgical treatment of 360 patients with cMATVD combined with LAD, who were operated on at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery from January 1, 2006 to January 1, 2023. The main group consisted of 73 patients who underwent cMATVD correction combined with original triangular plasty of LA. The comparison group included 287 patients who underwent only cMATVD correction in the presence of concomitant LAD.
Results. Of the 73 operated patients in the main group, 3 died at the hospital stage (mortality rate 4.1%). The dynamics of echocardiographic parameters at the stages of treatment were as follows: left ventricular (LV) end- systolic index (ml/m2): 69.1 ± 12.1 (before surgery), 59.3 ± 8.5 (after surgery), and 48.4 ± 9.5 (long-term period); LV ejection fraction (%): 51.0 ± 5.0 (before surgery), 54.0 ± 5.0 (after surgery), and 56.0 ± 4.0 (long-term period); LA diameter (mm): 64.8 ± 4.1 (before surgery), 50.3 ± 2.1 (after surgery), and 51.2 ± 2.2 (long-term period). Of the 287 operated patients in the comparison group, 9 died (mortality rate 3.1%). The dynamics of echocardiographic parameters at the stages of treatment were as follows: LV end-systolic index (ml/m2): 68.3 ± 11.3 (before surgery), 60.4 ± 9.3 (after surgery), and 52.7 ± 7.2 (remote period); LV ejection fraction (%): 52.0 ± 5.0 (before surgery), 53.0 ± 5.0 (after surgery), and 50.0 ± 4.0 (remote period); LA diameter (mm): 65.5 ± 3.7 (before surgery), 64.1 ± 3.3 (after surgery), and 72.5 ± 2.8 (remote period).
In the remote period, thromboembolic complications occurred in 5 (7.7%) patients of the main group (1 severe, 1 mild, and 3 fatal) and 25 (9.3%) patients of the comparison group (10 severe, 6 mild, and 9 fatal). The thromboembolic complications rates indicate the advisability of LA plasty simultaneously with resection of its appendage.
Conclusions. In the correction of LAD, all plastic reconstructions of the dilated LA are low-traumatic and effective procedures that lead to a significant improvement in the morphometry of the LA both at the hospital stage and in the remote period. The methods are associated with low risk of hospital mortality, as well as a low level of thromboembolic complications in the remote period. In all methods of LA plasty, its appendage was resected, which also excluded conditions for thrombus formation.
The Effect of Burnout Syndrome on Social Media Addiction: The Case of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Karakoç Enderhan , Öğüt Nesrin , Aslan Avşar
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Social media is one of the communication tools whose using and prevalence has increased rapidly in recent years. In particular, the rapid development of information technology and the proliferation of smartphones have created the perfect environment for social media addiction, which affects all members of society, including health professionals. Available evidence suggests that the direct and indirect effects of social media addiction on human health may include, among other things, burnout. This study was conducted to reveal the impact of burnout syndrome on social media addiction. The study utilized purposive sampling technique; face-to-face survey technique was applied for data collection. The findings of the study show that the healthcare workers participating in the study have a moderate level of burnout syndrome and social media addiction. Social media addiction differs according to the gender of the participants. Again, it was found that there was no significant difference in burnout level according to gender, but there was a significant difference according to marital status. A significant difference was also found between the level of social media addiction and educational status. Another important result of the study is that there is a positive relationship and effect between social media addiction and burnout level.
Exploring the Links Between Employee Resilience and Career Satisfaction: The Roles of Job Crafting and STARA Awareness
Authors: Gerçek Merve , Yılmaz Börekçi Dilek , Özveren Cem Güney
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a dynamic business environment where challenges are inevitable, the success of an organization depends on the resilience demonstrated by its employees. Prior studies provide valuable information on employee resilience and its outcomes; however, there is limited knowledge of how employee resilience influences career outcomes. Drawing on Job Demands-Resources Theory, this study explores the mediating effect of job crafting on the relationship between employee resilience and career satisfaction. Also, this study examines whether smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, and algorithms (STARA) awareness moderates the relationship between those variables. The study sample consists of 321 individuals employed in white-collar positions within various enterprises in Turkey. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The findings indicate that job crafting significantly mediates the relationship between employee resilience and career satisfaction. Additionally, STARA awareness moderates the relationship between employee resilience and job crafting, whereas there is no conditional indirect effect between employee resilience and career satisfaction. This study presents practical implications for white-collar workers' career attitudes in business environments characterized by increased digitalization.
Contrasting Democratic Trajectories: A Comparative Analysis of Costa Rica and Nicaragua
Authors: Afşar Önder Aytaç , Val Sanchez Karina Veronica
Published: September 2024

The main focus of this paper is the democracy process in Central America. It is a case study focuses on Costa Rica and Nicaragua and its respective trajectories towards democracy. Despite their shared historical backgrounds, culture, similar size, and geographical location, Costa Rica has one of the most peaceful and enduring democracies, while Nicaragua has been a tumultuous country with internal conflicts that have directly impacted its democratization. The historical context of colonial exploitation, socio-economic disparities, and political unrest has significantly shaped the contemporary political landscape of the region. This research uses Costa Rica and Nicaragua as examples to highlight the diverse paths of democratic development in Central America. Since 1948, Costa Rica has been a democratic country, while Nicaragua has undergone a dual transition, one through revolution (1984) and the other through democratic elections in 1990. By emphasizing the unique historical peculiarities of the region, valuable insights into the democratization processes are provided. The study uses a historical method to analyze the democratization processes in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. It examines the impact of the conquest period, the role of key factors such as landed oligarchies and military forces, the influence of international economic crises, and the current democratic quality in both countries. The study shows that historical legacies have lasting effects on democracy.
How do the Green Energy Stocks React to Green Bond Issuances?
Authors: Suyadal Mehmetcan , Gül Yavuz
Published: September 2024

Achieving sustainable development is one of the main issues at the global level and both public and private sector enterprises need to make large – scale investments to fight against climate change. In this respect, green bonds gain importance to raise money for environmentally – friendly projects, especially clean energy. Proceeds from green bonds are earmarked towards financing of investments that have positive environmental impacts. This paper explores the relationship among green bond issuances and stock market reaction with special focus on renewable energy firms. Herein, through a dataset of green bond issuance announcements worldwide by 46 unique firms over the period from 2014 to 2023, we investigate how the share prices respond to such announcements using event – study methodology. From the empirical evidence of the downward stock price movements, we suggest that investors react negatively to the announcement of green bond issuances. In other words, we find significant and negative cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) across all the event windows except in the window of [0, 10], meaning that our findings are robust to several alternative event windows. Further, we determine that the share price response, in general, does not differ depending on the use of green bond proceeds and the years.
Financial Performance Measurement of Companies in the BIST Sustainability 25 Index with LBWA and MEREC-based CRADIS Methods
Authors: Yılmaz Özekenci Süreyya
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Financial performance refers to the assessment of a firm’s capacity to generate profits and manage its financial assets effectively during a specific period of time. This study addresses the evaluation of financial performance of companies in the BIST Sustainability 25 Index using a hybrid MCDM method. For this investigation, nine criteria, namely, acid-test ratio, asset turnover, current ratio, debt ratio, EBITDA, net profit margin, return on equity, stock return and stock turnover are used to determine the financial performance of companies. In this study, the weight of criteria is calculated using both subjective (LBWA) and objective (MEREC) weighting approaches. After the weight of criteria is determined, the financial performance of companies is ranked using the CRADIS method. The results showed that EBITDA and Stock turnover are the most and least important criteria, respectively. According to results obtained from the CRADIS method, Ereğli Iron-Steel, Enka construction and Ford Otosan have the highest financial performance, while Vestel, Arçelik and Çimsa have the lowest financial performance in the period of 2018 and 2022. Additionally, the robustness and validity of the results are tested by various MCDM methods, namely, ARAS, COPRAS, EDAS, MABAC, MAIRCA, MARCOS, TOPSIS, CoCoSo and MAUT.
INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND CREATIVE ARTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE AT BAIT ADZKIA ISLAMIC KINDERGARTEN SCHOOL
Authors: Fata Ferdinan Indra , Kamala Galang , Sabrina Absarina Marsya , Putri Cahyono Patricia Kayla , Lamu Roberto Megavent , Purwanto Edi
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a community development initiative conducted in collaboration with Bait Adzkia Islamic Kindergarten School. A team of five university students undertook the project as part of their Sustainable Development coursework. The initiative's purpose was to engage kindergarten students in creative activities centered on recycling plastic waste into colleges, fostering skills in problem-solving, teamwork, and environmental awareness. The method involved thorough preparation of materials, including collecting and preparing plastic waste, organizing children into groups, and guiding them through the process of creating collages. The results demonstrated significant engagement and satisfaction among the kindergarten students upon completing their artwork, highlighting their enthusiasm and understanding of environmental stewardship. The study's implications underscored the effectiveness of integrating environmental education with creative arts in early childhood settings, promoting sustainable practices and preparing young learners to become responsible global citizens. This initiative contributes to broader discussions on the role of early childhood education in instilling values of environmental sustainability, emphasizing practical applications of theoretical knowledge within community contexts.
Teachers' Silent Scream: Quiet Quitting
Authors: Konal Memiş Tuğba , Tabancalı Erkan
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study is first to discover if quiet quitting (QQ) act exists among teachers at schools, and then, if there are teachers who are a part of this movement, to disclose the indications of QQ act and the reasons that push them to quiet quit. The study was designed in accordance with the qualitative phenomenology pattern and carried out with 13 teachers selected by the snowball sampling method, which is one of the purposive sampling methods. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data and the data was analyzed by content analysis technique. In the light of the analysis, “indications of QQ among teachers” and “reasons for QQ among teachers” themes emerged. The result of the study reveals that teachers are part of the QQ act. Teachers’ ending their psychological contract, organizational commitment and belonging are internal indications, while holding back on duties that are outside the job description, not taking on new duties, and not taking responsibility for duties requiring them to spend overtime or outside working hours are external symptoms. As for the reasons, teachers quiet quit because the meaning they attach to their profession is deteriorated and their efforts are rendered worthless because of the financial challenges they experience. Also, due to the precarization they experience stemming from the paid teaching practice and the loss of prestige in the society, teachers quiet quit. Pandemic is among the other reasons that lead teachers to quiet quit. Furthermore, work-life imbalance pushes teachers to question their profession and they regard QQ as a way out of that imbalance. Lastly, low motivation and commitment are regarded as the reasons for QQ among teachers. Accordingly, it is recommended to make the precarization process of the teaching profession visible, to abolish the practice of paid teaching, to regulate teacher salaries below the poverty line, to revise excessive workload causing work-life imbalance, to limit the expectation of being available outside of work hours, and to eliminate the elements that undermine teachers’ organizational motivation and commitment.
KEARNS TEXTURE PARAMETERS AND PROPERTIES OF HEXAGONAL MONO- AND POLYCRYSTALS
Authors: Usov V.V. , Shkatulyak N.M. , Iovchev S.I.
Published: September 2024

Problem statement. Polycrystals' physical and mechanical properties are determined by the corresponding properties of single crystals (crystallites) that make up the polycrystal, and their distribution by orientation in the polycrystal (texture). In metals with a hexagonal structure, the use of Kearns texture parameters, which show the degree of coincidence of the hexagonal axis of crystallites with a given direction in a polycrystalline sample, allows determining the property of a polycrystal in this direction, if the properties of a single crystal in the direction of its hexagonal axis and the perpendicular direction are known. It is also possible to solve the inverse problem: determining the properties of a single crystal in the direction of its hexagonal axis and the perpendicular direction based on the properties of the polycrystal and the determined of the Kearns texture parameters. Materials and methods. Elastic and mechanical characteristics of hexagonal alloys based on titanium (Grade 1 and VT1-0) and magnesium (Mg − 10 % Li and ZE10) were studied after different types of deformation − rolling, alternating bending, and twist extrusion. The Kearns texture parameters were determined by the X-ray method based on the data of the construction of inverse pole figures (IPF) in the normal direction (ND) to the sheets plane and the rolling direction (RD). The results of the experiment. It is shown that the specified method allows to calculate the elastic and mechanical properties of the specified polycrystals after they undergo various types of deformation with an error of no more than 5−10 %, as well as to solve the inverse problem of calculating the properties of single crystals with an error of no more than 5 %. Conclusions. Using the parameters of the Cairns texture and the characteristics of single crystals of magnesium alloys ZE10, Mg 5 % Li, titanium Grade1 and VT1-0 made it possible to calculate the corresponding properties of polycrystals and their anisotropy. The use of Cairns texture parameters, experimental values of the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and yield strength of polycrystalline sheets of the studied magnesium and titanium alloys made it possible to evaluate the characteristics. There are strong correlations between the values of the modulus of elasticity, the mechanical characteristics of the studied sheets of magnesium and titanium alloys, on the one hand, and the corresponding parameters of the Cairns texture, on the other hand.
Relying on Human Rights Treaties to establish access to Same-sex registered Partnerships and Marriage – Confronting the Question of Cultural Sensitivities
Authors: Fenwick Helen , Fenwick Daniel
Published: September 2024

This piece sets out to compare the stance of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) under the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) with that of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) (known as Strasbourg Court) adjudicating on the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in relation to family rights of same-sex couples. Specifically, it looks at the stances taken by the two Courts towards same-sex relationship formalisations – registered partnerships and marriage – exploring their responses to the stances taken in the states within their jurisdiction towards such formalisations. This article confronts and compares the stances taken by the two Courts, and their underlying bases, when they encounter the varying stances on this controversial issue taken in the states in question, relating to cultural predilections. The article concludes that reliance on finding a consensus among the contracting states in this context has had a detrimental impact on the Strasbourg jurisprudence in terms of upholding the principle of non-discrimination, an impact that can be traced to discriminatory stances taken in a number of the ECHR-contracting states towards same-sex unions. It finds in contrast that the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has not accepted that finding such a consensus should affect its decisions in this context, and therefore it has not allowed cultural acceptance of homophobia to affect its stance. Keywords: ACHR; ECHR; ECtHR; IACtHR; Same-sex marriage; Strasbourg Court
Tracing the Application of Modern Principles of International Humanitarian Law in the pre-Christian War between King Duṭugamunu and Elāra in Sri Lanka
Authors: Goonaratne Raja
Published: September 2024

The war between King Duṭugamunu and Elāra is the most significant singular war that took place in the pre-Christian period in Sri Lanka. It has the elements of modern international armed conflict (IAC). A local monarch waged it to unify the nation against an invading foreign force led by a foreign ruler who seized power through regicide. This historical conflict sparked extensive debates, criticisms, and varying interpretations, contributing to distortions of factual accounts. The studies analysing this battle from the perspectives of the modern International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is minimal. The branch of public international law that deals with IAC is International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The research problem that was investigated is 'Did the Sri Lankan monarch comply with the modern principles of international humanitarian law when there were no such laws at that time in the world and thereby, does that monarch deserve to be called as the founder of IHL? Accordingly, this study aims at analysing the motives, intentions, and conduct including the pre-conflict, in-conflict, and post-conflict behaviour of key actors and the war's outcome from the perspectives of IHL. The methodology used for this study is literature review. It is qualitative and interpretative in nature. The historical sources, international conventions and national legislations were used as primary and secondary sources for this purpose. The focus of the analysis is the evaluation of IHL principles in the context of the historical war. This study provides a unique analysis that suggests the application of principles akin to modern IHL by the ruling monarch nearly two millennia before the formal establishment of such principles. The major finding is that some 2019 years prior to the international community introduced the modern IHL principles such as humanity, avoidance of unnecessary suffering, proportionality of damages, humane treatment of prisoners of war (POW) etc., the ruling Sri Lankan monarch has recognised and applied them in this war and has recognised the new principle of Eternal Honour to POWs which is yet to recognise by IHL. Keywords: Humanitarian; International; Law; Vijiṭapura; War
Recognition of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court as a Measure to Ensure the Application of International Humanitarian Law: Example of Armenia
Authors: Shahbazyan Satenik
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the definition of international humanitarian law, as well as the application of international humanitarian law by the International Criminal Court. The powers and activities of the International Criminal Court are examined. The scope of possible application of the principles and provisions of international humanitarian law by the International Criminal Court, as well as the modalities of such application, is revealed. The article analyses changes in Armenian legislation after the ratification of the Rome Statute and focuses on the fact that after the ratification of the Rome Statute, which is a significant step forward for the security of Armenia, Armenia (Centre for Truth and Justice) requested the International Criminal Court Prosecutor to initiate a preliminary examination of the ongoing genocide committed by Azerbaijan’s Armed Forces against the ethnic Armenians within the territory of Armenia. Besides this, the analysis of the procedural position of the International Criminal Court Prosecutor in the system of international justice is carried out. The main tasks and fundamental role of the Prosecutor's office in the investigation or prosecution of international crimes are investigated. Keywords: International Criminal Court; International Humanitarian Law; Rome Statute; ratification; preliminary examination.
Press Freedom in Romania: Regulation, Realities, and Expectations in the Context of Adopting New European Regulations
Authors: Iancu Daniela
Published: September 2024

Part of the freedom of expression, press freedom is guaranteed in Romania by the fundamental law. After the repeal, in 2012, of the press law adopted during the communist period, no new press law has been adopted. There have been initiatives in this regard, but the opposition from journalists, who feared the introduction of restrictions on press freedom, has been stronger. Although Romanian legislation is, as stated, aligned with European standards, in reality, the freedom of the press in Romania has been subject to some criticism. Reports from international organisations, such as Reporters Without Borders, have highlighted various issues, such as political pressures on journalists, self-censorship in the media, and excessive concentration of ownership in the media industry.The adoption of new European regulations could bring significant changes to the field of press freedom in Romania. Such regulations could impose higher standards for protecting journalists against political pressures and could promote transparency and pluralism in the media. In consequence, the adoption of new European regulations is expected to bring significant benefits for press freedom in Romania, strengthening the role of a free press in democratic society and contributing to the protection of citizens' fundamental rights to information and media pluralism. Keywords: Press freedom; Political pressure on journalists; European regulations; Right to information and media pluralism
Artificial Intelligence: A Twenty First Century International Regulatory Challenge
Authors: Igwe Ori
Published: September 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a twenty first century evolution. Certain aspects of AI have been integrated into daily living. AI applications have also been incorporated into the aviation, banking, cyber security, educational, employment, health, and military sectors respectively. However, the unpredictable nature of AI is a cause for concern because ‘In many instances, AI remains under the control of users and designers, but in increasing numbers of applications, the behaviour of a system cannot be predicted by those involved in design and application […]. Newly developed machines are able to teach themselves and even collect data’. Consequently, ‘The potential benefits and harms of AI have led to calls for governments to adapt quickly to the changes AI is already delivering and the potentially transformative changes to come. These include calls to pause AI development and for countries […] to deliver a step-change in regulation’. ‘In March 2023, more than 1,000 artificial intelligence experts, researchers and backers signed an open letter calling for an immediate pause on the creation of “giant” AIs for at least six months, so the capabilities and dangers of such systems can be properly studied and mitigated’. What are the benefits of AI? What are the risks of AI? Which crimes can be committed via AI? What are the regulatory challenges? What has been the international response? In this article, we will explore whether there is a justification for regulating AI from ethical, legal and law enforcement perspectives. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Ethics; Regulation; Law enforcement
Unlocking Access: How Gauteng Province's Online Admission System is upholding the Right to Basic Education in South Africa: A Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Knowles Khangala Tshilidzi
Published: September 2024

Access to basic education is a fundamental human entitlement enshrined within the framework of the Constitution of South Africa, playing a crucial role in promoting societal equity and national progress. In the dynamic context of Gauteng Province, characterised by rapid urbanisation, demographic diversity, and socio-economic disparities, achieving this constitutional mandate faces significant challenges. This research meticulously examines the implementation and consequences of the online admission system, designed to enhance access to basic education in Gauteng. The study delves into the constitutional framework of education rights and the socio-economic context of Gauteng Province, stressing the importance of innovative solutions like the online admission system to address educational disparities. It scrutinises the legal basis of education rights and the functioning of the online admission system, with a focus on legislative frameworks such as the South African Schools Act. The research extensively examines the implementation and impact of the online admission system in Gauteng, highlighting its role in enhancing access to preferred schools and rectifying historical inequalities. It also assesses challenges like the digital divide and administrative complexities, proposing strategies to enhance fairness and inclusivity in education delivery. Lastly, the study examines the impact of Gauteng's online admission system on educational access, using empirical evidence to assess outcomes and implications. By offering a detailed analysis spanning legal, socio-economic, and practical aspects, the research contributes to discussions on education rights and policy implementation in South Africa. Overall, it suggests that the online admission system has significant potential to advance societal equity and human development. Keywords: Access; Basic Education; Gauteng Province; Human Rights; Online Admission System
The Consequences of bullying on the Child and on the Rights of Personality
Authors: Drăghici Andreea
Published: September 2024

The bullying of children, a form of repeated and intentional aggression, has significant consequences on the rights of personality. Through exposure to physical, verbal, or social harassment, victims become vulnerable with negative effects on their mental and emotional health. By attacking their emotional and psychological integrity, children may develop anxiety, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorders. Bullying violates this fundamental right to dignity through the humiliation and contempt towards victims. The constant experience of harassment and aggression can diminish the sense of self-respect and lead to a feeling of dehumanisation and degradation. Children who are victims of bullying may feel that their dignity is being violated and that they are not being given the respect and recognition they deserve. Furthermore, bullying can have consequences on the right to one’s image. These effects can be lasting and may influence how victims perceive themselves in the future. Children may develop a distorted image of themselves, viewing themselves negatively or doubting their own qualities and abilities. In conclusion, bullying not only affects the rights of personality but can also have profound consequences on their long-term emotional and social development. It is essential to pay attention to these aspects and take measures to protect children’s rights to a safe, respectful and dignified childhood. Keywords: Aggresson; Bullying; Children; The rights of personality; Victim.
Life after Death? Legal Relations of Companies after Cessation of their Legal Existence
Authors: Zawadzka Julita
Published: September 2024

The cessation of the legal existence of a company affects many entities that have entered into legal relations with it. Above all, its unsatisfied creditors are affected, but the legal situation of the company's shareholders is also altered. Legislators approach the issue of the cessation of the company's legal existence in different ways and address the problems related to the status of the legal relations of the defunct company differently. The paper presents the two main approaches legislators adopt in this regard in several European jurisdictions (Italy, Poland, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain and Switzerland) and discusses models that exemplify each approach. The study points out the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and various models, paying particular attention to the way in which the interests of stakeholders and shareholders are balanced and how legal certainty is addressed in each of them. The paper seeks to answer the question of whether it is legitimate to build parallels between the cessation of the legal existence of an individual and a company and to draw on institutions known from succession law when regulating the legal relations of defunct companies. Keywords: Defunct company; Striking off; Legal succession; Liquidation; Creditor’s protection
Theorizing Social Media from Capitalism and Culture Industry Perspective
Authors: Jabessa Gabul Zelalem
Published: September 2024

This article proposes PRANC as a theoretical framework to help rethink, understand, and deconstruct the monopolizing influence of mass media in this social media age. From Marxist perspective, mass media centered on and dominated capital accumulation through excessive culture production such as television drama programs. Mass media was also manipulated and controlled from the center with producer-consumer dichotomy. However, I argue in this article that through its affordances social media disrupts a centeralized information production and dissemination discouraging mass media’s monopoly on capitalism and culture industry. Social media also serves as a platform with which societies challenge dictatorship, expose, and withstand various forms of oppression as has been witnessed in different parts of the world over the last decade. Portability of communication technologies enabled users to carry along their devices that enables them have access to social media anytime anywhere, while retrievability allows users to search and recover information shared on social media. Affordability is another social media feature that promotes broader participation in sociocultural and political activities, while networkability is the ability of agile social media to empower marginalized voices to stand united for a common good fighting oppression. On the other hand, customizability of social media enables users to conceal and shape their identities to protect themselves from attack due to the content they share or due to their engagement with contents users share. Social media viewed from PRANC framework offers a new opportunity for the powerless communities to struggle for their rights. It fosters inclusivity, democratizes cultural landscapes, and redefines how culture is produced, disseminated, and consumed in the digital age, challenging capitalism and culture industry. Keywords: PRANC, portability, retrievability, affordability, networkability, customizability, capitalism, culture industry, creative culture
AUTOMATION OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT FAILURE FORECASTING
Authors: Nesterova Elena , Igrunova Svetlana , Grigorenko Ivan , Ivashchuk Darya , Nesterov Valery , Kalyuzhnaya Elena
Published: September 2024

The study identifies the problems faced by modern medical institutions, in particular, the Meditsina clinic. The management, maintenance, and user operation of medical devices cause these difficulties. To overcome them, it is necessary to revise the system of maintenance and repair of medical equipment, as well as to ensure continuous professional development of the employees responsible for the equipment operation. The paper proposes an information model that includes technical tools for forecasting, such as exponential smoothing. The authors create software implementa-tion of the information system and forecasting module based on the research; test these developments in the working conditions of the medical and preventive institution Meditsina. Thanks to the constructed forecast of the service life of the PHoX Plus analyzer parts, it is possible to adjust the purchase of consumables downwards.
EXPERIENCE OF USING THE AUTOMATED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR SPECIALIZED HYDRAULIC STATIONS AT AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Orekhov Dmitry
Published: September 2024

Today, modern companies engaged in the hydraulic equipment production try to build close mutually beneficial rela-tionships with customers, regardless of their business scale. Based on this, it can be confidently stated that the num-ber of incoming requests is increasing and it is necessary to respond to requests quickly and professionally. One of the possible tools for rapid response can be automating the application-production stages. The aim of the article is to assess the automation of designing the verification of basic hydraulic circuits within the framework of enterprises that are engaged in producing and repairing volumetric hydraulic drives, as well as to improve the existing methods. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to evaluate the existing methods used at enterprises, as well as analyze the time spent on checks with using the automation and without applying it.
FORMALIZING THE ALLOWANCE REMOVED DURING CUTTING TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF AUTOMATING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yudin Denis , Feofanov Aleksandr
Published: September 2024

The paper considers the problem of lacking systems for automating the production preparation while developing the technological process of manufacturing parts by cutting. The solution to this problem will increase enterprises’ competitiveness and reduce errors arising from the human factor. The objectives of the article are to develop an approach to automating the technological process design by defining the technological process as a function of removing the allowance. The work analyses the allowance and determines the principle of its decomposition into elementary components for classification, identifies the allowance parameters for its formalization and determines the relationship of the allowance parameters with processing methods. The authors carry out the analysis of the existing processing methods and their relationship with the removable allowance, its geometric shape and parameters, propose an approach for the allowance formalization, the implementation of which will automate the technological preparation of production in terms of developing technological processes for mechanical processing. The work suggests an approach for formalizing the allowance, based on its classification and application as its basic element of “allowance removed by the cutting tool in one working stroke”, describes additional properties and characteristics of the allowance for its mathematical description and preservation of the relationship with the processing methods. Formalization of the allowance, its classification and assignment of the function for its removal will allow automating the technological process development, improving the quality of manufactured products by reducing the influence of the human factor and using optimal methods for processing parts.
THE PROBLEM OF OPTIMAL STOCHASTIC CONTROL AND CORPORATE BOND VALUATION, DEPENDING ON TIME AND RANDOM STATES OF PARAMETERS
Authors: Foka Oliver Djidzem , Dmitrochenko Oleg
Published: September 2024

In the optimal stochastic control problem, one estimates, using the utility indifference method, the bond price and the premium of a default swap contract (Credit default swap) when the model parameters (market interest rate, drift coef-ficient, and volatility of risky underlying assets) are random functions of time and state. Namely, the interest rate of the risk-free asset depends on time, and the prices of risky assets are described by linear homogeneous stochastic dif-ferential equations (SDEs) with multiplicative noise. To do this, the authors consider a portfolio with a risk-free asset and a risky asset with no default risk. For each such portfolio, the authors determine the amount of risky assets that maximizes the expected utility of its final wealth. This quantity allows one to solve the parabolic partial differential equations arising from the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation by transforming them into ordinary differential equations using the method of variable separation to obtain the instantaneous value function of each portfolio. The authors derive the bond price and the default swap-contract premium (CDS) rate, which are the amounts that provide the same level of the expected utility by investing all of one’s wealth in a portfolio that does not contain these credit instruments, or by investing these amounts in credit instruments and the remainder of one’s wealth in the portfolio.