The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank
Authors: Overbey Eliah G. , Kim JangKeun , Tierney Braden T. , Park Jiwoon , Houerbi Nadia , Lucaci Alexander G. , Garcia Medina Sebastian , Damle Namita , Najjar Deena , Grigorev Kirill , Afshin Evan E. , Ryon Krista A. , Sienkiewicz Karolina , Patras Laura , Klotz Remi , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Schweickart Annalise , Chin Christopher R. , Sierra Maria A. , Valenzuela Matias F. , Dantas Ezequiel , Nelson Theodore M. , Cekanaviciute Egle , Deards Gabriel , Foox Jonathan , Narayanan S. Anand , Schmidt Caleb M. , Schmidt Michael A. , Schmidt Julian C. , Mullane Sean , Tigchelaar Seth Stravers , Levitte Steven , Westover Craig , Bhattacharya Chandrima , Lucotti Serena , Wain Hirschberg Jeremy , Proszynski Jacqueline , Burke Marissa , Kleinman Ashley S. , Butler Daniel J. , Loy Conor , Mzava Omary , Lenz Joan , Paul Doru , Mozsary Christopher , Sanders Lauren M. , Taylor Lynn E. , Patel Chintan O. , Khan Sharib A. , Suhail Mohamad Mir , Byhaqui Syed Gufran Ahmad , Aslam Burhan , Gajadhar Aaron S. , Williamson Lucy , Tandel Purvi , Yang Qiu , Chu Jessica , Benz Ryan W. , Siddiqui Asim , Hornburg Daniel , Blease Kelly , Moreno Juan , Boddicker Andrew , Zhao Junhua , Lajoie Bryan , Scott Ryan T. , Gilbert Rachel R. , Lai Polo San-huei , Altomare Andrew , Kruglyak Semyon , Levy Shawn , Ariyapala Ishara , Beer Joanne , Zhang Bingqing , Hudson Briana M. , Rininger Aric , Church Sarah E. , Beheshti Afshin , Church George M. , Smith Scott M. , Crucian Brian E. , Zwart Sara R. , Matei Irina , Lyden David C. , Garrett-Bakelman Francine , Krumsiek Jan , Chen Qiuying , Miller Dawson , Shuga Joe , Williams Stephen , Nemec Corey , Trudel Guy , Pelchat Martin , Laneuville Odette , De Vlaminck Iwijn , Gross Steven , Bolton Kelly L. , Bailey Susan M. , Granstein Richard , Furman David , Melnick Ari M. , Costes Sylvain V. , Shirah Bader , Yu Min , Menon Anil S. , Mateus Jaime , Meydan Cem , Mason Christopher E. 
Published: June 2024

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space1–6. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study7, JAXA CFE study8,9, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew10–12, Axiom and Polaris. The SOMA resource represents a more than tenfold increase in publicly available human space omics data, with matched samples available from the Cornell Aerospace Medicine Biobank. The Atlas includes extensive molecular and physiological profiles encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiome datasets, which reveal some consistent features across missions, including cytokine shifts, telomere elongation and gene expression changes, as well as mission-specific molecular responses and links to orthologous, tissue-specific mouse datasets. Leveraging the datasets, tools and resources in SOMA can help to accelerate precision aerospace medicine, bringing needed health monitoring, risk mitigation and countermeasure data for upcoming lunar, Mars and exploration-class missions.