bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future of CAR T cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wudhikarn Kitsada , Mailankody Sham , Smith Eric L.
Published: December 2020

Despite the significant improvement in survival outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) over the past decade, it remains an incurable disease. Patients with triple-class refractory MM have limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen has transformed the treatment armamentarium of relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM), with unprecedented overall response rates in this difficult-to-treat patient population. However, a significant proportion of patients ultimately relapse despite achieving deep remission. Several innovative approaches, including alternative/dual-antigen–specific CAR T-cell constructs, genetically engineered “off-the-shelf” CAR T cells, and strategies to counteract an immunosuppressive microenvironment, may dramatically reshape the field of CAR T-cell therapy in the future. These strategies are being actively investigated in preclinical and early clinical trial settings with the hopes of enhancing the durability of responses and, thereby, improving the overall survival of RRMM patients after CAR T-cell therapy.
Preventing and monitoring for tumor lysis syndrome and other toxicities of venetoclax during treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Fischer Kirsten , Al-Sawaf Othman , Hallek Michael
Published: December 2020

Recent developments in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have moved the standard of care away from chemoimmunotherapy to targeted agents such as oral kinase inhibitors or BCL-2 antagonists, alone or in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies. Two different treatment approaches have evolved: continuous, indefinite treatment and, more recently, fixed-duration combination treatment. With venetoclax-based treatment, there is a requirement to follow the established guidelines for close monitoring during initiation and ramp up, to reduce the risk of tumor lysis syndrome. The patient’s risk should be assessed before the initiation of venetoclax. Appropriate management strategies should be used, including uricosuric agents, hydration, and routine laboratory monitoring, per guidelines. With early identification, immediate management, and dose adjustments, we suggest that tumor lysis syndrome and other toxicities, such as neutropenia and infections, with venetoclax-based treatment can be dealt with successfully.
A patient with Gaucher disease and plasma cell dyscrasia: bidirectional impact
Authors: Zimran Ari , Ruchlemer Rosa , Revel-Vilk Shoshana
Published: December 2020

Patients with Gaucher disease (GD), a rare autosomal recessive glycosphingolipid storage disease, commonly present to hematologists with unexplained splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and bone symptoms. Patients with GD may develop other manifestations, such as autoimmune thrombocytopenia, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, or, even more rarely, other hematological malignancies; sometimes they are first diagnosed during an assessment of those disorders. Although the diagnosis and management of patients with GD have significantly evolved over the last 30 years, some patients remain poor responders to GD-specific therapy, needing novel and investigational therapies. Ideally, patients with GD, like patients with other rare diseases, should be managed by a multidisciplinary team expert with the diverse clinical manifestations and potential GD-related or -unrelated comorbidities. The hematology community should be knowledgeable regarding the presentation and the variety of hematologic complications and comorbidities associated with Gaucher disease.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for mature B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Hsieh Emily M. , Rouce Rayne H.
Published: December 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has changed the landscape of immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies, including mature B-cell lymphomas. Although two CD19 CAR T-cell products have been commercially approved to treat relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas, outcomes in these patients remain inferior to those of patients with B-cell leukemia, regardless of therapy. Recent clinical studies and preclinical reports suggest that certain characteristics, such as the suppressive lymphoma tumor microenvironment and inferior endogenous T-cell fitness, may contribute to discrepant responses in these patients. In addition, these studies revealed that limited CAR T-cell persistence and tumor antigen escape, which also impact B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, may play a more prominent role in lymphoma. Multiple promising strategies to overcome these barriers have advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we assess CAR T-cell therapies for pediatric relapsed/refractory mature B-cell lymphomas, potential obstacles diminishing antitumor activity and limiting CAR T-cell persistence, and current strategies to overcome these obstacles.
Does ABO and RhD matching matter for platelet transfusion?
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M.
Published: December 2020

Platelets express ABO antigens and are collected in plasma, which contains ABO antibodies as would be consistent with the donor ABO group. Platelet ABO antigens that are incompatible with recipient ABO antibodies may have accelerated clearance from circulation and result in lower count increments. ABO antibodies that are passively transferred from donor plasma may result in hemolysis of recipient red blood cells. Although platelets do not express Rh antigens, they contain small numbers of intact red blood cells or fragments, which can lead to alloimmunization in the recipient. Alloimmunization to the RhD antigen may occur when platelets obtained from RhD-positive donors are transfused to RhD-negative recipients. All of these compatibility considerations must be balanced against the available supply, which may be limited due to the 5- to 7-day shelf life of platelets. This articles describes considerations for platelet ABO and RhD selection for platelet transfusions, including the impact of major ABO incompatibility on count increments, the risks of hemolysis associated with minor ABO incompatibility, and the risk of RhD alloimmunization when RhD-negative patients receive platelets obtained from RhD-positive donors.
How well do platelets prevent bleeding?
Authors: Triulzi Darrell J.
Published: December 2020

Prophylactic platelet transfusions are used to reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding in patients with treatment- or disease-related severe thrombocytopenia. A prophylactic platelet-transfusion threshold of <10 × 103/µL has been shown to be safe in stable hematology/oncology patients. A higher threshold and/or larger or more frequent platelet doses may be appropriate for patients with clinical features associated with an increased risk of bleeding such as high fevers, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anticoagulation therapy, or splenomegaly. Unique factors in the outpatient setting may support the use of a higher platelet-transfusion threshold and/or dose of platelets. A prophylactic platelet-transfusion strategy has been shown to be associated with a lower risk of bleeding compared with no prophylaxis in adult patients receiving chemotherapy but not for autologous transplant recipients. Despite the use of prophylactic platelet transfusions, a high incidence (50% to 70%) of spontaneous bleeding remains. Using a higher threshold or larger doses of platelets does not change this risk. New approaches to reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding, including antifibrinolytic therapy, are currently under study.
Platelet transfusion refractoriness: how do I diagnose and manage?
Authors: Cohn Claudia S.
Published: December 2020

Platelet refractoriness continues to be a problem for thrombocytopenic patients because the risk of a major spontaneous or life-threatening bleed significantly increases when platelet counts drop below 10 × 109/L. The majority of patients have nonimmune causes driving the refractoriness, such as bleeding, medications, or diffuse intravascular coagulation; however, this article is dedicated to the diagnosis and support of patients with immune-based platelet refractoriness. Antibodies to class I HLA molecules (A and B alleles) are responsible for most immune-based refractory cases, with antibodies to platelet antigens seen much less frequently. Patients may be supported with either crossmatch-compatible or HLA-matched/compatible platelet units. When trying to select HLA units it can be difficult to find a perfect “4 of 4” match for the patient’s class IA and IB alleles. In these cases, it is better to use the antibody specificity prediction method, which identifies compatible units that lack antigens recognized by the patient’s anti-HLA antibodies. For an algorithmic approach to the patient with platelet refractoriness, see Visual Abstract.
Women and bleeding disorders: diagnostic challenges
Authors: James Paula D.
Published: December 2020

Women with bleeding disorders suffer from multiple bleeding symptoms, including easy bruising, epistaxis, bleeding from minor wounds and the oral cavity, and bleeding after dental work or surgery. However, women with bleeding disorders especially suffer from gynecologic and obstetrical bleeding. These symptoms often are not recognized as abnormal, and many women are left undiagnosed and without access to appropriate medical care. Additional challenges to diagnosing women with bleeding disorders include lack of access to appropriate laboratory testing and issues around disease classification and nomenclature. Efforts have been undertaken to address these challenges, including the development and validation of bleeding assessment tools and strategies to clarify diagnostic thresholds and algorithms for von Willebrand disease (VWD) and platelet function disorders. Efforts to improve communication with the nomenclature used for hemophilia carriers are also underway.
Inferior vena cava filters: a framework for evidence-based use
Authors: Kelkar Amar H. , Rajasekhar Anita
Published: December 2020

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Although most patients can be managed safely with anticoagulation, inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) represent an important alternative to anticoagulation in a small subset of patients. IVCF use has expanded exponentially with the advent of retrievable filters. Indications for IVCFs have liberalized despite limited evidence supporting this practice. Because indiscriminate use of IVCFs can be associated with net patient harm, knowledge of the risks and benefits of these devices is essential to optimal evidence-based practice. Patients with acute VTE and absolute contraindications to anticoagulation or major complications from anticoagulation are universally agreed indications for IVCFs. However, the reliance on IVCFs for primary VTE prophylaxis in high-risk patients is not substantiated by the available literature. This review examines trends in IVCF use, practice-based recommendations on IVCF use in various clinical scenarios, complications associated with indwelling IVCFs, and indications for IVCF retrieval.
How do we sequence therapy for marginal zone lymphomas?
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: December 2020

Marginal zone lymphomas are indolent diseases. Overall survival rates are very good, but patients tend to relapse and may do so several times. The concept of treatment sequencing is therefore important and necessary to preserve adequate organ function and to avoid excessive toxicity, with the final goal of achieving long survival times. Systemic treatments and chemotherapy are considered to be an option in multiply relapsing disease, in cases that are in an advanced stage at presentation or relapse, and in cases where initial local treatments lack efficacy. Targeted agents and new drugs can provide chemotherapy-free alternatives in heavily pretreated patients.
Histiocytic disorders: insights into novel biology and implications for therapy of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Erdheim-Chester disease
Authors: McClain Kenneth
Published: December 2020

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) are caused by mutations of the MAPK pathway, most often BRAFV600E, in myeloid dendritic cells that lead to some overlapping and other unique presentations of the two diseases. LCH occurs in both children and adults, but ECD is primarily found in the latter. The challenges in diagnosing these conditions relates to the rarity of the conditions and that they mimic diseases that are more widely understood, such as certain rashes; bone, lung, and renal diseases; and other malignancies. The histopathology of LCH is definitive, but not so for ECD. Treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has become one of the important advances in the care of these patients.
Evidence-Based Minireview: Should all newly diagnosed MM patients receive CD38 antibody–based treatment?
Authors: Korst Charlotte L. B. M. , van de Donk Niels W. C. J.
Published: December 2020

CD38 antibodies were first evaluated in extensively pretreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Currently, there are 3 CD38 antibody–based regimens approved for the treatment of both transplant-eligible (daratumumab plus bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone [D-VTd]) and transplant-ineligible (daratumumab plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone [D-Rd] or daratumumab plus bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone [D-VMP]) patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM). The phase 3 studies that evaluated these regimens uniformly showed that the addition of daratumumab to backbone regimens improved the depth of response, which translated into improved progression-free survival and also overall survival in 2 of the studies. Importantly, elderly patients age 75 years or older benefit from these regimens, indicating that these regimens have an acceptable safety profile. Although the number of patients with high-risk cytogenetics was relatively small, these patients also experienced benefit from the addition of daratumumab to standard-of-care regimens, but poor risk conferred by the cytogenetic aberrations is not completely abrogated. Altogether, daratumumab-based regimens have high anti-MM activity and a favorable toxicity profile and therefore represent new standards of care for patients with NDMM.
An age-period-cohort analysis of mortality rates for stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancer among prefectures in Japan, 1999–2018
Authors: Okui Tasuku
Published: December 2020

Background

Although change in the birth cohort effect on cancer mortality rates is known to be highly associated with the decreasing rates of age-standardized cancer mortality rates in Japan, the differences in the trends of cohort effect for representative cancer types among the prefectures remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the decreasing rate of cohort effects among the prefectures for representative cancer types using age-period-cohort (APC) analysis.

Methods

Data on stomach, colorectal, liver, and lung cancer mortality for each prefecture and the population data from 1999 to 2018 were obtained from the Vital Statistics in Japan. Mortality data for individuals aged 50 to 79 years grouped in 5-year increments were used, and corresponding birth cohorts born 1920–1924 through 1964–1978 were used for analysis. We estimated the effects of age, period, and cohort on each type of mortality rate for each prefecture by sex. Then, we calculated the decreasing rates of cohort effects for each prefecture. We also calculated the mortality rate ratio of each prefecture compared with all of Japan for cohorts using the estimates.

Results

As a result of APC analysis, we found that the decreasing rates of period effects were small and that there was a little difference in the decreasing rates among prefectures for all types of cancer among both sexes. On the other hand, there was a large difference in the decreasing rates of cohort effects for stomach and liver cancer mortality rates among prefectures, particularly for men. For men, the decreasing rates of cohort effects in cohorts born between 1920–1924 and 1964–1978 varied among prefectures, ranging from 4.1 to 84.0% for stomach cancer and from 20.2 to 92.4% for liver cancers, respectively. On the other hand, the differences in the decreasing rates of cohort effects among prefectures for colorectal and lung cancer were relatively smaller.

Conclusions

The decreasing rates of cohort effects for stomach and liver cancer varied widely among prefectures. It is possible that this will influence cancer mortality rates in each prefecture in the future.
Barriers to the use of trained interpreters in consultations with refugees in four resettlement countries: a qualitative analysis using normalisation process theory
Authors: MacFarlane Anne , Huschke Susann , Pottie Kevin , Hauck Fern R. , Griswold Kim , Harris Mark F.
Published: December 2020

Background

Increasing numbers of primary care practitioners in refugee resettlement countries are providing care to refugees. Access to trained interpreters is a priority for these practitioners, but there are many barriers to the implementation of interpreted consultations in routine care. There is a lack of international, theoretically informed research. The purpose of this paper is to understand barriers to interpreter use in primary care consultations in four resettlement countries using Normalisation Process Theory.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with networks of primary care practitioners (PCPs) who care for refugees in Australia, Canada, Ireland and the US (n = 314). We analysed qualitative data from the survey about barriers to interpreter use (n = 178). We completed an inductive thematic analysis, iteratively developed a Normalisation Process Theory (NPT)-informed coding frame and then mapped the emergent findings onto the theory’s construct about enacting interpreted consultations.

Results

In all four countries, the use of an interpreter presented communication and interaction challenges between providers and patients, which can impede the goals of primary care consultations. Primary care practitioners did not always have confidence in interpreted consultations and described poor professional practice by some interpreters. There was variation across countries, and inconsistency within countries, in the availability of trained interpreters and funding sources.

Conclusion

There are shared and differential barriers to implementation of interpreted consultations in a consistent and sustained way in the four countries studied. These findings can be used to inform country-specific and international level policies and interventions focusing on improving skills and resources for interpreted consultations to improve implementation of interpreted primary care consultations.
Accuracy of telephone triage in patients suspected of transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Erkelens Daphne C. , Rutten Frans H. , Wouters Loes T. , Dolmans L. Servaas , de Groot Esther , Damoiseaux Roger A. , Zwart Dorien L.
Published: December 2020

Background

The Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS) is a widely used decision support tool for telephone triage at Dutch out-of-hours primary care services (OHS-PC), which, however, has never been validated against clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the accuracy of the NTS urgency allocation for patients with neurological symptoms suggestive of a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke, with the clinical outcomes TIA, stroke, and other (neurologic) life-threatening events (LTEs) as the reference.

Method

A cross-sectional study of telephone triage recordings of patients with neurological symptoms calling the OHS-PC between 2014 and 2016.The allocated NTS urgencies were derived from the electronic medical records of the OHS-PC. The clinical outcomes were retrieved from the electronic medical records of the patients’ own general practitioners. The accuracy of a high NTS urgency allocation (medical help within 3 h) was calculated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) with the clinical outcomes TIA/stroke/other LTEs as the reference.

Results

Of 1269 patients, 635 (50.0%) received the diagnosis TIA/stroke (34.2% TIA/minor stroke, 15.8% major ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke), and 4.8% other LTEs. For TIA/stroke/other LTEs, the sensitivity and specificity of the NTS urgency allocation were 0.72 (95%CI 0.68–0.75) and 0.48 (95%CI 0.43–0.52), and the PPV and NPV were 0.62 (95%CI 0.60–0.64) and 0.58 (95%CI 0.54–0.62).

Conclusions

The NTS decision support tool used in Dutch OHS-PC performed poor to moderately regarding safety (sensitivity) and efficiency (specificity) in allocating adequate urgencies to patients with and without TIA/stroke/other LTEs.

Trial registration

The Netherlands National Trial Register, identification number NTR7331 /Trial NL7134.
Assessment of irreducible aspects in developmental hip dysplasia by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jia Huihui , Wang Liang , Chang Yan , Song Yongrui , Liu Yuqi , Zhang Fuyong , Feng Jie , Yang Xiaodong , Sheng Mao
Published: December 2020

Background

The developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can cause a wide range of pathological changes, and often requires surgical treatment. Preoperative evaluation is very important for DDH. We aimed to assess the diagnostic capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for irreducible aspects preventing hip reduction in DDH.

Methods

A total of 39 pediatric patients who received DDH evaluation in pediatric orthopedics from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. The samples included 4 cases of bilateral DDH and 35 cases of unilateral DDH, a total of 43 hip joint samples. All patients underwent surgical treatment, pathological examination and MRI of hip joint.

Results

With pathological results or intraoperative findings as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 90.3% and 83.3% for the affected labrum, 92% and 83.3% for thickening of the round ligament, 90.0% and 91.3% for atrophy of the iliopsoas muscle, and 100% and 100% for fibrofatty pulvinar tissue and joint effusion, respectively.

Conclutions

The MRI showed an extraordinary capability of detecting these irreducible factors and helped surgeon choose the appropriate treatment strategies.
Music therapy as social skill intervention for children with comorbid ASD and ID: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yum Yen Na , Lau Way Kwok-Wai , Poon Kean , Ho Fuk Chuen
Published: December 2020

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental impairment characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interactions, and over half of children with ASD possess below average intellectual ability (IQ < 85). The social development and response to social skill interventions among children with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability (ID) is not well understood. Music therapy is a systematic process of intervention, wherein a therapist may help clients promote their social skills by using musical experience. The proposed study will address limited research evidence on music therapy as an intervention for social functioning in children with ASD with mild to borderline ID.

Method

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups of 40 children each (1:1 allocation ratio) is planned. Participants will receive 45 min of music therapy or non-musical intervention targeting social skills once a week for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures will be independent ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and parent ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Linear mixed-effects models for these two outcome measures will be created for data collected at 2-week pre-intervention, 2-week post-intervention, and 4-month post-intervention sessions. In-session behaviors at the first and last intervention will be videotaped and coded offline and compared. Pretreatment neural response of quantitative electroencephalograms (qEEG) to social scenes will be used to predict the outcomes of musical and non-musical social skill interventions, whereas qEEG responses to music will be used to predict the effectiveness of musical social skill intervention.

Discussion

If neural markers of social skill development are found, then the long-term goal is to develop individualized intervention based on pre-treatment markers to maximize treatment efficacy. The proposed study’s results may also suggest directions to development and provision of music therapy services in Hong Kong.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04557488). Registered September 21, 2020.
Barriers and facilitators of clinician and researcher collaborations: a qualitative study
Authors: Williams Julie , Craig Tom J. , Robson Debbie
Published: December 2020

Background

The poor translation of research findings into routine clinical practice is common in all areas of healthcare. Having a better understanding of how researchers and clinicians experience engagement in and with research, their working relationships and expectations of each other, may be one way to help to facilitate collaborative partnerships and therefore increase successful translation of research into clinical practice.

Aims

To explore the views of clinical and research staff about their experiences of working together during research projects and identify the facilitators and barriers.

Methods

We conducted four focus groups with 18 participants - clinicians, researchers and those with a dual clinical-research role, recruited from one mental health Trust and one university. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Eight themes were identified under the headings of two research questions 1) Barriers and facilitators of either engaging in or with research from the perspective of clinical staff, with themes of understanding the benefits of the research; perceived knowledge and personal qualities of researchers; lack of time and organisational support to be involved in and implement research; and lack of feedback about progress and outcome of research. 2) Barriers and facilitators for engaging with clinicians when conducting research, from the perspective of researchers, with themes of understanding what clinicians need to know and how they need to feel to engage with research; demonstrating an understanding of the clinician’s world; navigating through the clinical world; and demands of the researcher role.

Conclusion

There was agreement between clinicians and researchers about the barriers and facilitators for engaging clinicians in research. Both groups identified that it was the researcher’s responsibility to form and maintain good working relationships. Better support for researchers in their role calls for training in communication skills and bespoke training to understand the local context in which research is taking place.
Spectral, thermal, antimicrobial studies for silver(I) complexes of pyrazolone derivatives
Authors: Mohamed Soha F. , Shehab Wesam S. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Sliem Mostafa H. , El-Shwiniy Walaa H.
Published: December 2020

Background

Synthesize new complexes of Ag(I) to enhance efficacy or stability and also, pharmacological activities on the operation of pyrazolone's biological properties.

Results

Efficient and high yielding pathways starting from the versatile and readily available 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone by Knoevenagel condensation of a sequence of 4-arylidene-3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone derivatives (2a-c) have been formed by the reaction of various substituted aromatic aldehydes Used as ligands to synthesize Ag(I) chelates. Synthesized compounds and their complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic and spectroscopic methods (IR,13C,1HNMR, mass) and thermal analysis. The spectrophotometric determinations suggest distorted octaedral geometry for all complexes. Both ligands and their metal complexes have also been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal efficacy.

Conclusions

Newly synthesized compounds have shown potent antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the complex 's high activity was higher than its free ligands, and that Ag(I)-L3had the highest activity.
Correction to: Combination of intramuscular alfaxalone, butorphanol, and midazolam as a novel immobilization protocol in 3 ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)
Authors: Pentsou Kyratsoula , Huuskonen Vilhelmiina
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Cryptosporidium animal species in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Haghi Mousa Motavalli , Khorshidvand Zohreh , Khazaei Salman , Foroughi-Parvar Faezeh , Sarmadian Hossein , Barati Nastaran , Etemadifar Fariborz , Ghasemikhah Reza
Published: December 2020

Background

Cryptosporidiosis is an acute and short-term infection which can lead to severe diarrhea (intestinal cryptosporidiosis) associated with a persistent cough in the host with immune system defect. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of animal Cryptosporidium species and the corresponding epidemiological aspects in Iran.

Methods

In this study, all original research articles relating to the animal cryptosporidiosis in Iran were collected from reliable databases using keywords. A meta-analysis was conducted separately for each subgroup, and heterogeneity among the studies was performed using the Q and I2 tests. Furthermore, it should be noticed that the significance level in the statistical analysis with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software was considered to be less than 0.05. Finally, meta-analysis results were shown in forest plot with a 95% CI.

Results

In total, 4795 studies were included in the initial screening. Duplicated or non-original studies and the ones which did not meet our considered criteria were excluded from the list. Out of the 100 articles included in our first list for the meta-analysis, 40, 16, 13, 10, 9, 7, and 5 were done on cattle and calves, birds, dogs, sheep, rodents, camels, and horses, respectively. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis among the birds, horses, rodents, camels, dogs, cattle, and sheep in Iran was estimated to be 7.5%, 19.5%, 20.8%, 8.4%, 4.9%, 14.4%, and 9.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

The different Cryptosporidium species have been found in different regions of Iran. Geographical region, climate, and domestic animals are considered as factors responsible for animal cryptosporidiosis prevalence in the area. Moreover, this parasite is zoonotic which causes disease in animals as well as humans which can result in economic loss.
A method for colocalizing lineage tracing reporter and RNAscope signals on skeletal tissue section
Authors: Yang Huiliang , Wang Liang , Turajane Kathleen , Wang Lijun , Yang Wentian
Published: December 2020

Fluorescent reporters have been widely used in modern biology as a powerful tool in cell lineage tracing during development and in studying the pathogenesis of diseases. RNAscope is a recently developed RNA in situ hybridization method with high specificity and sensitivity. Combined application of these two techniques on skeletal tissue is technically challenging and has not been explored; the reporter fluorophores in the tissue specimen bleach quickly, and mRNAs degrade rapidly due to the decalcification process typically used in processing skeletal samples. Therefore, we developed a method that can simultaneously detect and colocalize both the fluorescent lineage tracing reporter signal and the RNAscope signal in the same skeletal section without compromising the fidelity, sensitivity, and specificity of lineage tracing and RNAscope. This was achieved by cryosectioning bone and cartilage tissue without decalcification, thus allowing the fluorescent reporter signal and RNA in the sections to be well-preserved so that RNAscope can be carried out in situ, and these two signals can be colocalized. Our method of colocalization has versatile applications, for example, determination of gene knockout efficacy at the mRNA level in a specific cell lineage in situ, detection of alterations in target gene transcripts in reporter-positive cells caused by a specific gene mutation, and studies of the disease pathology by examining the transcript-level expression of genes of interest in the cell lineage in vivo.
Constructing legality: theorizing work and the challenges for mobilization of home care workers
Authors: Nisbet Elizabeth , Morgan Jennifer Craft
Published: December 2020

Aides providing long-term care in home- and community-based settings in the US experience low wages and poor conditions. Worker advocates seek to improve care jobs through policy change, a multifaceted endeavour given the complexity of health and labour policies in a federal system. This theoretical overview draws on labour process theory to delineate domains of work and legal consciousness theory to highlight challenges related to ‘sources of authority’ governing each domain. For the context of publicly funded care provided through agencies, we identify aide actions related to these sources that could support rights claiming and suggest research to inform policy improvements.
Haunting China: Ecopoetics of Zhao Liang’s Behemoth
Authors: Pecic Zoran Lee
Published: December 2020

Taking a close look at Zhao Liang’s 2015 documentary Behemoth, this article argues that the film employs the aesthetic of slow cinema and combines it with Marxist critique in order to generate an ecological awareness that pushes the boundaries of ecocinema. By suturing the slow aesthetic to the environmental destruction of Inner Mongolia’s landscape and the exploitation of China’s migrant workers, Behemoth reorients the viewing gaze from the spectacular and the exotic towards the self-aware and the introspective. The article argues that Zhao’s film, which featured in the main competition for the Golden Lion at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, self-consciously manoeuvres between a critique of China’s environmental devastation and the western audience’s expectation of viewing such a catastrophe as a sign of self-expression and self-critique.
Counter-narrating political ethnocracy: Interrogating Malay–Chinese ethnic relations in Flower in the Pocket and Nasi Lemak 2.0
Authors: Wah Kuan Chee
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the analysis of two Sinophone films made by Chinese Malaysian filmmakers, which are Flower in the Pocket (Liew Seng Tat 2007) and Nasi Lemak 2.0 (Namewee/Wee 2011), and discusses how these films engage Malaysian ethnocracy by interrogating the ever-problematic Malay–Chinese relationship. Both filmmakers belong to the new generation of Chinese Malaysians who feel the need to question the political system and long for a more inclusive national identity. Flower in the Pocket depicts the uncomfortable relationship between Malays and Chinese by examining the stories of two families from both ethnic backgrounds while questioning how Malays have taken their privilege position and economic protection for granted. Nasi Lemak 2.0 instead parodies the mainstream Malay-centric ideology by deconstructing the image Malay heroism while satirizing UMNO’s manipulation of ethnic politics.
The Effect of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation on the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: GERGES MARINA
Published: December 2020

It is well accepted that metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stroke and cancer [1] . Recently, the chronic inflammatory condition that often accompanies the MS has been implicated as a major factor both in the installation of the MS itself and its associated pathophysiological consequences [2] . However, the inflammatory state that accompanies the MS does not completely fit into the classical definition of acute or chronic inflammation, as it is not accompanied by infection; there is no massive tissue injury and the dimension of the inflammatory activation is also not large. So, it is often called low-grade chronic inflammation or meta-inflammation , meaning metabolically-triggered inflammation [3] . Several studies support the concept that a proinflammatory state is a component of the MS because of the strong association of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) with MS-risk factors and high CRP levels impart risk for major coronary events beyond that imparted by the other metabolic risk factors. High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) has been developed and used as a marker to predict coronary vascular diseases in the MS and it was recently used as a predictor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in correlation with serum markers that indicated lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the reasons for a link between inflammation and MS are not fully understood. One explanation may be that adipose tissue in obese people with MS releases increased amounts of cytokines into the circulation which in turn accounts for a greater production of CRP by the liver. Another possibility is that insulin resistance (IRalone is responsible for higher production of cytokines. Regardless of the mechanism, the finding that patients with MS exhibit characteristics of a proinflammatory state provide a new and exciting connection between inflammation and metabolic processes.
Students Mathematics Interest as Correlate of Achievement in Mathematics: Evidence from a Sub-Saharan Student Sample
Authors: Tembe Ngutor , Igber Anyagh Paul , Ogbole Abakpa Benjamin
Published: December 2020

This study was carried out to investigate Mathematics interest as a correlate of Basic 9 students achievement in Mathematics in Gboko Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. Three research questions were asked and three hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted a correlation design. The population of the study was 3,682 while a sample of 400 Basic 9 students was drawn from ten secondary schools using multistage sampling procedure made up of 200 male and 200 female students. Two research instruments Maths Interest Inventory (MII) and Students Mathematics Achievement Test (SMAT) were adapted. The instruments were validated by three experts and trial-tested, on a population outside the study area. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was used to get the reliability coefficient of MII which was 0.83. While that of SMAT was 0.65 using Kuder-Richardson 21 formula. The research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Coefficients and hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using p-values of Pearson Product Moment Coefficient. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between Mathematics Interest and students achievement in Mathematics. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between Mathematics Interest and students achievement in Mathematics among male and female students. The study recommends that Interest have the potential of improving students achievement positively and should be encouraged among students.Student Interest, Mathematics Achievement.
Assessment of Body Size by Structural Equation Model Using Anthropometric Traits of Fishermen Community: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Pal Baidyanath
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Aim of the study was to develop a ‘composite body size score’ (CBSS) using anthropometric traits to estimate body size and to assess the nutritional status of each study individual on the basis of CBSS.

Materials and Methods
Data on seventeen anthropometric traits were collected from 710 individuals (Male, Female) from fishermen community inhabiting coastal villages of West Bengal, India. For estimating body sizes, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was constructed with Path Analysis (PA). Later, second order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied on SEM to determine CBSS. It was hypothesized in the models that CBSS is composed with three sets of latent variables viz., linear, circular and skinfold, constructed from anthropometric traits. Applying new derived optimal cut off points of CBSS was used to determine lean, normal and robust body sizes. Individuals with negative values of CBSS were categorised as lean body size,. Positive values of CBSS were categorised into two categories- normal and robust body size.

Results
On the basis of CBSS, result showed that 50.6%, 48.8% and 0.6% of the individuals were categorised under lean, normal and robust body size respectively. Females showed relatively higher percent of lean body size i.e. under nutrition (73.8%) compared to males (26.2%).

Conclusion
The hypothesized model estimate more accurate composite body size score, based on anthropometric traits. All the traits are highly significant on the model. The lean body size category can be use in predicting ‘Undernutrition’.
Cocaine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Strzepka Jessica , Tian Frances , Nassani Najib , Garcia-Bedoya Olga , Yazici Cemal
Published: December 2020

Cocaine use is prevalent worldwide and affects multiple organ systems. Ischemia of the esophagus and small bowel are examples of its gastrointestinal complications. Cocaine-induced pancreatitis is a rare entity. Only 8 cases of cocaine-induced pancreatitis have been described in the literature. We present a rare case of a 61-year-old man cocaine user who presented with his first episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) in which common etiologies of AP were excluded. In addition, we explore the pathophysiology of cocaine-induced AP.
Impact of supply chain alignment on construction performance: A developed model for Vietnam
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam & Kyoto University, Japan, Quang Huy T , de Castro Rodolpfo ,   University of Girona, Spain
Published: December 2020

There are many articles mentioning the advantages and benefits of supply chain alignment none, however, describe how to model such alignment in the supply chain. This paper offers a framework for examining and understanding the impact supply chain alignment has on performance. Based on supply chain mapping approach, a model describing alignment between processes/ flows in the supply chain network is developed. The model is then validated using a dataset of 316 enterprises operating in the Vietnam construction sector. Evidence indicates that the supply chain processes and flows were aligned. According to the results, the proposed supply chain alignment model is able to explain a 59.9% variance in operational performance, 58.9% in customer satisfaction, 34.5% in operating costs and 67.4% in business performance. To successfully align the supply chain network, companies can use the proposed model as a “road-map” to reduce high costs, to avoid the loss of control, management difficulties and/or vulnerability to opportunistic action, all of which may hinder efforts to align the supply chains.
Faculty members’ planned technology integration behaviour in the context of a faculty technology mentoring programme
Authors: Cilsalar Sagnak Hatice , Baran Evrim
Published: December 2020

This qualitative case study aimed to examine faculty members’ perceived behaviour regarding the use of technology in their classrooms. The behavior was examined within the framework of the decomposed theory of planned behavior. The theory states that technology integration behaviour is directly related to intention and perceived behaviour control and indirectly related to attitude, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control. Data sources included semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 faculty members who participated in a faculty technology mentoring programme implemented at a large public university in Turkey over a semester of 4 months’ duration. The data analysis revealed that the factors affecting faculty members’ planned technology integration behaviour were related to their intentions, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control, as explained in the theory. Faculty members identified a number of student-related, faculty-related and context-related challenges in technology integration. The recommendations arising from the study are to support and sustain faculty members’ technology integration in higher education classrooms.

Implications for practice or policy:

Technology mentoring programs can improve faculty teaching practices with technology in higher education classrooms.

Faculty members’ technology integration behaviour can be supported by addressing the challenges, including lack of time and motivation, insufficient technological knowledge and classroom management problems.

The technology integration awareness of faculty members can be developed by improving the teaching and learning environment with the support of administrators, peers and students and providing the required time and incentives to integrate technology.
Towards faster feedback in higher education through digitally mediated dialogic loops
Authors: Willis Jill , Gibson Andrew , Kelly Nick , Spina Nerida , Azordegan Jennifer , Crosswell Leanne
Published: December 2020

How feedback is understood and enacted has shifted from the traditional practice of providing individual feedback on summative tasks at key points to a more ongoing series of dialogues between the teacher and students during the teaching period. This paper reports on the experiences of designing faster feedback through weekly dialogic feedback loops to enhance students’ personal connection to their learning while providing teachers with faster, actionable feedback data to inform learning design. A pragmatic inquiry considered how benefits might potentially be amplified through the use of digital technologies. Data included student reflections collected via the GoingOK web application, interviews and focus groups. The findings identify and theorise four types of digitally mediated feedback loops: students in computer-mediated dialogue with themselves; students and teachers in dialogue with each other; the reflection on how feedback informed learning; and the sociotechnical dialogue informing ongoing technical design. Three design dilemmas that were experienced by teachers as they enacted digitally mediated dialogic feedback loops are articulated, alongside the principles that enabled responsive design. Understanding these design elements is fundamental if automation of some parts of the feedback loop through reflective writing analytics is to be considered both feasible and desirable.

Implications for practice or policy:

Digitally mediated feedback loops can facilitate faster feedback, enabling students to reflect on their learning and providing teachers with access to new insights about diverse learners.

Feedback technology can challenge existing ideas about feedback.

Faster feedback can save teachers time, but efficiencies are likely to depend on an increased human workload in the short term as automation technologies can be slower to develop.

Sociotechnical innovation requires collective dialogue between educators and digital developers, across asynchronous timelines.
And You Will Be Amazed: The Rhetoric of Authority in the Greek Magical Papyri
Authors: Edmonds Radcliffe G.
Published: December 2020

An analysis of the rhetorical strategies used in the so-called Greek Magical Papyri to bolster the authority of the authors provides insight into the authors of these texts and their intended audiences. This article reviews the scholarship on the identity of the composers of the Greek Magical Papyri and explores the rhetorical strategies used in the texts to create authority, before comparing the dominant strategies in the Greek Magical Papyri with similar ones in other kinds of recipe collections, specifically alchemical and medical texts. The authors of the recipes in the Greek Magical Papyri make little use of the traditional authority of the temples but instead justify their claims of superiority with reference to the amazing efficacy of the procedures they describe. The direct, second person address in formulas such as “and you will be amazed” suggests that the intended audience was imagined not as potential clients who need to be convinced of the author’s expertise, but rather as potential practitioners interested in impressing their own clients.