bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow Resistance and Energy Dissipation in Supercritical Air‐Water Flows Down Vegetated Chutes
Authors: Scheres B. , Schüttrumpf H. , Felder S.
Published: February 2020

Vegetation covers on dikes and embankment dams have proven as sustainable and cost‐effective surface protection against external erosion caused by hydraulic, mechanical, or climatic impacts. Determination of the hydraulic loads that act upon these covers requires the knowledge of the flow resistance. While the high‐velocity flows on vegetated slopes are often aerated, the flow aeration has rarely been considered, and no direct measurements of the air‐water flow properties have been conducted to date. The air‐water flow properties are needed for a direct estimation of important design parameters such as friction factors and residual head at the downstream end. Herein, unique air‐water flow measurements were conducted in high‐velocity air‐water flows down a vegetated chute with a 1:3 slope. Several vegetation covers were tested for a range of flow rates. The experiments revealed strong flow aeration within three‐dimensional, fragmented flows associated with complex interactions of vegetation and high‐velocity flows. The air‐water flow properties were measured with phase‐detection intrusive probes providing novel insights into aerated flows on vegetated chutes including distributions of void fraction, bubble count rate, and interfacial velocity as well as direct estimates of energy dissipation and flow resistance. The results highlighted strong flow aeration and energy dissipation for all vegetated configurations. The median equivalent Darcy‐Weisbach friction factors for all vegetations were within 0.19 to 0.45, comparable to aerated flows on stepped spillways. The present results highlighted the significant flow resistance of vegetated covers and the need to consider air‐water flow properties in the design of vegetated chutes.
Replication and ribosomal stress induced by targeting pyrimidine synthesis and cellular checkpoints suppress p53-deficient tumors
Authors: Hubackova Sona , Davidova Eliska , Boukalova Stepana , Kovarova Jaromira , Bajzikova Martina , Coelho Ana , Terp Mikkel G. , Ditzel Henrik J. , Rohlena Jakub , Neuzil Jiri
Published: February 2020

p53-mutated tumors often exhibit increased resistance to standard chemotherapy and enhanced metastatic potential. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, a block in replication and ribosomal biogenesis result in p53 activation paralleled by accumulation of replication forks that activate the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase/Chk1 pathway, both of which lead to cell cycle arrest. Since in the absence of functional p53 the cell cycle arrest fully depends on Chk1, combined DHODH/Chk1 inhibition in p53-dysfunctional cancer cells induces aberrant cell cycle re-entry and erroneous mitosis, resulting in massive cell death. Combined DHODH/Chk1 inhibition effectively suppresses p53-mutated tumors and their metastasis, and therefore presents a promising therapeutic strategy for p53-mutated cancers.
Correction: Lenalidomide regulates CNS autoimmunity by promoting M2 macrophages polarization
Authors: Weng Qinjie , Wang Jiaying , Wang Jiajia , Wang Jing , Sattar Fahmida , Zhang Zhikang , Zheng Jiahuan , Xu Zijie , Zhao Mengting , Liu Xuan , Yang Lijun , Hao Guifeng , Fang Liang , Lu Q. Richard , Yang Bo , He Qiaojun
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Selective growth of α-form zinc phthalocyanine nanowire crystals via the flow rate control of physical vapor transport
Authors: Yoon Youngkwan , Kim Soyoung , Cheul Choi Hee
Published: February 2020

α-Form zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), a kinetically favorable form of ZnPc, is an efficient photosensitizer for photodynamic cancer therapy, especially when it is formed into nanowires (NWs), which have high water dispersibility. To take full advantage of this material, it is necessary to selectively grow kinetically favorable α-form ZnPc NWs over thermodynamically favorable β-form ZnPc NWs. The present study reports the selective growth of kinetically favorable α-form ZnPc NW crystals by a physical vapor transport method with flow rate control of the carrier gas. The flow rate is key for the dominant growth of α-form ZnPc NWs, thus enabling control of the crystal size, which critically affects the stability of ZnPc crystals. The yield of α-form ZnPc NWs was over 98% at a flow rate of 2000 sccm of Ar carrier gas. This approach could be applied for various Pc molecules, including copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Our findings might contribute to the development of novel strategies for the selective growth of high-quality kinetically favorable crystals with a specific structure and provide great opportunities for their various practical applications.
Rain and small earthquakes maintain a slow-moving landslide in a persistent critical state
Authors: Bontemps Noélie , Lacroix Pascal , Larose Eric , Jara Jorge , Taipe Edu
Published: February 2020

In tectonically active mountain belts, landslides contribute significantly to erosion. Statistical analysis of regional inventories of earthquake-triggered-landslides after large earthquakes (Mw > 5.5) reveal a complex interaction between seismic shaking, landslide material, and rainfall. However, the contributions of each component have never been quantified due to a lack of in-situ data for active landslides. We exploited a 3-year geodetic and seismic dataset for a slow-moving landslide in Peru affected by local earthquakes and seasonal rainfalls. Here we show that in combination, they cause greater landslide motion than either force alone. We also show the rigidity of the landslide’s bulk clearly decreasing during Ml ≥ 5 earthquakes. The recovery is affected by rainfall and small earthquakes (Ml < 3.6), which prevent the soil from healing, highlighting the importance of the timing between forcings. These new quantitative insights into the mechanics of landslides open new perspectives for the study of the mass balance of earthquakes.
Determining sequencing depth in a single-cell RNA-seq experiment
Authors: Zhang Martin Jinye , Ntranos Vasilis , Tse David
Published: February 2020

An underlying question for virtually all single-cell RNA sequencing experiments is how to allocate the limited sequencing budget: deep sequencing of a few cells or shallow sequencing of many cells? Here we present a mathematical framework which reveals that, for estimating many important gene properties, the optimal allocation is to sequence at a depth of around one read per cell per gene. Interestingly, the corresponding optimal estimator is not the widely-used plug-in estimator, but one developed via empirical Bayes.
APOBEC3B-mediated corruption of the tumor cell immunopeptidome induces heteroclitic neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Driscoll Christopher B. , Schuelke Matthew R. , Kottke Timothy , Thompson Jill M. , Wongthida Phonphimon , Tonne Jason M. , Huff Amanda L. , Miller Amber , Shim Kevin G. , Molan Amy , Wetmore Cynthia , Selby Peter , Samson Adel , Harrington Kevin , Pandha Hardev , Melcher Alan , Pulido Jose S. , Harris Reuben , Evgin Laura , Vile Richard G.
Published: February 2020

APOBEC3B, an anti-viral cytidine deaminase which induces DNA mutations, has been implicated as a mediator of cancer evolution and therapeutic resistance. Mutational plasticity also drives generation of neoepitopes, which prime anti-tumor T cells. Here, we show that overexpression of APOBEC3B in tumors increases resistance to chemotherapy, but simultaneously heightens sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade in a murine model of melanoma. However, in the vaccine setting, APOBEC3B-mediated mutations reproducibly generate heteroclitic neoepitopes in vaccine cells which activate de novo T cell responses. These cross react against parental, unmodified tumors and lead to a high rate of cures in both subcutaneous and intra-cranial tumor models. Heteroclitic Epitope Activated Therapy (HEAT) dispenses with the need to identify patient specific neoepitopes and tumor reactive T cells ex vivo. Thus, actively driving a high mutational load in tumor cell vaccines increases their immunogenicity to drive anti-tumor therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
MetAP-like Ebp1 occupies the human ribosomal tunnel exit and recruits flexible rRNA expansion segments
Authors: Wild Klemens , Aleksić Milan , Lapouge Karine , Juaire Keven D. , Flemming Dirk , Pfeffer Stefan , Sinning Irmgard
Published: February 2020

Human Ebp1 is a member of the proliferation-associated 2G4 (PA2G4) family and plays an important role in cancer regulation. Ebp1 shares the methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) fold and binds to mature 80S ribosomes for translational control. Here, we present a cryo-EM single particle analysis reconstruction of Ebp1 bound to non-translating human 80S ribosomes at a resolution range from 3.3 to ~8 Å. Ebp1 blocks the tunnel exit with major interactions to the general uL23/uL29 docking site for nascent chain-associated factors complemented by eukaryote-specific eL19 and rRNA helix H59. H59 is defined as dynamic adaptor undergoing significant remodeling upon Ebp1 binding. Ebp1 recruits rRNA expansion segment ES27L to the tunnel exit via specific interactions with rRNA consensus sequences. The Ebp1-ribosome complex serves as a template for MetAP binding and provides insights into the structural principles for spatial coordination of co-translational events and molecular triage at the ribosomal tunnel exit.
Proteomic profiling and identification of significant markers from high-grade osteosarcoma after cryotherapy and irradiation
Authors: Madda Rashmi , Chen Chao-Ming , Wang Jir-You , Chen Cheng-Fong , Chao Kuang-Yu , Yang Yu-Min , Wu Hsin-Yi , Chen Wei-Ming , Wu Po-Kuei
Published: February 2020

Biological reconstruction of allografts and recycled autografts have been widely implemented in high-grade osteogenic sarcoma. For treating tumor-bearing autografts, extracorporeal irradiation (ECIR) and liquid nitrogen (LN) freezing techniques are being used worldwide as a gold standard treatment procedure. Both the methods aim to eradicate the tumor cells from the local recurrence and restore the limb function. Therefore, it is essential and crucial to find, and compare the alterations at molecular and physiological levels of the treated and untreated OGS recycled autografts to obtain valuable clinical information for better clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the significantly expressed altered proteins from ECIR-and cryotherapy/freezing- treated OGS (n = 12) were compared to untreated OGS (n = 12) samples using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the selected proteins from this protein panel were verified using immunoblot analysis. From our comparative proteomic analysis identified a total of 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from OGS. Among these, 91 proteins were up-regulated (2.5 to 3.5-folds), and 40 proteins were down-regulated (0.2 to 0.5 folds) (p < 0.01 and 0.05). The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEPs have belonged to more than 10 different protein categories include cytoskeletal, extracellular matrix, immune, enzyme modulators, and cell signaling molecules. Among these, we have confirmed two potential candidates’ expressions levels such as Fibronectin and Protein S100 A4 using western blot analysis. Our proteomic study revealed that LN-freezing and ECIR treatments are effectively eradicating tumor cells, and reducing the higher expressions of DEPs at molecular levels which may help in restoring the limb functions of OGS autografts effectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study that compared proteomic profiles among freezing, ECIR treated with untreated OGS in recycled autografts. Moreover, the verified proteins could be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers that reveal valuable scientific information which may open various therapeutic avenues in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
Fluopack screening platform for unbiased cellular phenotype profiling
Authors: Kang Zhao B. , Moutsatsos Ioannis , Moretti Francesca , Bergman Phil , Zhang Xian , Nyfeler Beat , Antczak Christophe
Published: February 2020

Gene and compound functions are often interrogated by perturbation. However, we have limited methods to capture associated phenotypes in an unbiased and holistic manner. Here, we describe Fluopack screening as a novel platform enabling the profiling of subcellular phenotypes associated with perturbation. Our approach leverages imaging of a panel of fluorescent chemical probes to survey cellular processes in an unbiased and high throughput fashion. Segmentation-free, whole image analysis applied to Fluopack images identifies probes revealing distinct phenotypes upon perturbation, thereby informing on the function and mechanism of action of perturbagens. This chemical biology approach allows to interrogate phenotypes that tend to be overlooked by other methods, such as lipid trafficking and ion concentration inside the cell. Fluopack screening is a powerful approach to study orphan protein function, as exemplified by the characterization of TMEM41B as novel regulator of lipid mobilization.
Epidemiology and Predictors of all-cause 30-Day readmission in patients with sickle cell crisis
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Chaudhary Neha , Achebe Maureen M.
Published: February 2020

The 30-day readmission rate after hospitalization for a sickle cell crisis (SCC) is extremely high. Accurate information on readmission diagnoses, total readmission costs and factors associated with readmission is required to effectively plan resource allocation and to plan interventions to reduce readmission rates. The present study aimed to examine readmission diagnoses and factors associated with all-cause 30-day readmission after hospitalization for SCC. We analyzed 2016 nationwide readmission database (NRD) to identify patterns of 30-day readmission by patient demographic characteristics and time after hospitalization for SCC. We estimated the percentage and most common readmission diagnoses for 30-day and 7-day readmissions after discharge. We studied the relationship between risk factors and readmission and the impact of readmission on patient outcomes and resulting financial burden on health care in dollars. In 2016, of 67,887 discharges after index hospitalizations, 18099 (26.9%) were readmitted within 30-days. Of all readmissions, 5166 (7.6%) were readmitted within 7 days. The spectrum of readmission diagnoses was largely similar in both 30-day and 7-day readmission with more than 80% patients in both time periods readmitted with diagnoses related to SCC. The mean length of stay for readmitted patients was significantly longer than the index hospitalization (5.3 days (5.1–5.5) vs 4.9 days (CI 4.8–5.1, p < 0.01). Also, the mean cost of hospitalization in readmitted patients $8485 was significantly higher than the index hospitalization $8064 p < 0.01. In 2016, readmission among patients with SCC incurred an additional 95,445 hospitalization days resulting a total charge of $609 million and a total cost of $152 million in the US. On Multivariate analysis, age group 18–30 years, discharge against medical advice, higher Charlson comorbidity index, low socioeconomic status and admission at high volume centers were associated with a higher likelihood of 30-day readmission. Among patients hospitalized for SCC, 30-day readmissions were frequent throughout the month post hospitalization and resulted in an enormous financial burden on the United States healthcare system.
Predictors of Failed Conscious Sedation in Patients Undergoing an Outpatient Colonoscopy and Implications for the Adenoma Detection Rate
Authors: Cassell Benjamin E. , Ross Kristina , Chang Tae Y. , Austin Gregory L.
Published: February 2020

Guidelines to triage patients to conscious sedation (CS) or monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) for colonoscopy do not exist. We aimed to identify the CS failure rate, predictors of failure, and its impact on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). Strict (based on patient experience) and expanded (based on doses of sedative medications) definitions of CS failure were used. Patient and procedure-related variables were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for CS failure and the ADR. Among 766 patients, 29 (3.8%) and 175 (22.8%) patients failed CS by strict and expanded definitions, respectively. Female gender (OR 3.50; 95% CI: 1.37–8.94) and fellow involvement (OR 4.15; 95% CI: 1.79–9.58) were associated with failed CS by the strict definition. Younger age (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07–1.49), outpatient opiate use (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.03–2.84), use of an adjunct medication (OR 3.34; 95% CI: 1.94–5.73), and fellow involvement (OR 2.20; 95% CI: 1.31–3.71) were associated with failed CS by the expanded definition. Patients meeting strict failure criteria had a lower ADR (OR 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77). Several clinical factors may be useful for triaging to MAC. The ADR is lower in patients meeting strict criteria for failed CS.
Application and Evaluation of Highly Automated Software for Comprehensive Stent Analysis in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lu Hong , Lee Juhwan , Jakl Martin , Wang Zhao , Cervinka Pavel , Bezerra Hiram G. , Wilson David L.
Published: February 2020

Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is used to assess stent tissue coverage and malapposition in stent evaluation trials. We developed the OCT Image Visualization and Analysis Toolkit for Stent (OCTivat-Stent), for highly automated analysis of IVOCT pullbacks. Algorithms automatically detected the guidewire, lumen boundary, and stent struts; determined the presence of tissue coverage for each strut; and estimated the stent contour for comparison of stent and lumen area. Strut-level tissue thickness, tissue coverage area, and malapposition area were automatically quantified. The software was used to analyze 292 stent pullbacks. The concordance-correlation-coefficients of automatically measured stent and lumen areas and independent manual measurements were 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Eleven percent of struts were missed by the software and some artifacts were miscalled as struts giving 1% false-positive strut detection. Eighty-two percent of uncovered struts and 99% of covered struts were labeled correctly, as compared to manual analysis. Using the highly automated software, analysis was harmonized, leading to a reduction of inter-observer variability by 30%. With software assistance, analysis time for a full stent analysis was reduced to less than 30 minutes. Application of this software to stent evaluation trials should enable faster, more reliable analysis with improved statistical power for comparing designs.
Author Correction: Treatment response and predictors in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gidey Kidu , Chelkeba Legese , Gemechu Tadesse Dukessa , Daba Fekede Bekele
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Trigonal bipyramidal CoIII2Dy3cluster exhibiting single-molecule magnet behavior
Authors: Lun Hui-Jie , Kong Xiang-Jian , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: February 2020

A 3d–4f trigonal bipyramidal CoIII2Dy3single-molecule magnet behavior was obtained. The presence of diamagnetic CoIIIions plays an important role in the suppression of the fast quantum tunneling of the magnetization process.
Synthesis and group 9 complexes of macrocyclic PCP and POCOP pincer ligands
Authors: Leforestier Baptiste , Gyton Matthew R. , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: February 2020

A new dimension in pincer chemistry: introducing phosphine-based macrocyclic pincer ligands PCP-14 and POCOP-14.
Enhancing the physicochemical stability and digestibility of DHA emulsions by encapsulation of DHA droplets in caseinate/alginate honeycomb-shaped microparticles
Authors: Ma Ningning , Gao Qianru , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Duoxia , Yuan Yingmao , Cao Yanping
Published: February 2020

DHA was encapsulated in caseinate/alginate microparticles by adjusting the pH based on the electrostatic complexation, in order to improve the physicochemical stability and digestibility of single caseinate-stabilized DHA emulsions.
Engineering excited state absorption based nanothermometry for temperature sensing and imaging
Authors: Trejgis K. , Bednarkiewicz A. , Marciniak L.
Published: February 2020

The comparison of the operating schemes and LIR definitions of the conventional ratiometric (A, B) and excited state absorption-based ratiometric (C, D) luminescent thermometry at low (A, C) and high (B, D) temperatures.
Electrochemically addressable nanofluidic devices based on PET nanochannels modified with electropolymerized poly-o-aminophenol films
Authors: Laucirica Gregorio , Cayón Vanina M. , Toum Terrones Yamili , Cortez M. Lorena , Toimil-Molares María Eugenia , Trautmann Christina , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical polymerization of ortho-aminophenol in asymmetric gold-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) single nanochannels yields voltage-gated nanofluidic diodes (nFET).
Employment of quasi oppositional SSA‐based two‐degree‐of‐freedom fractional order PID controller for AGC of assorted source of generations
Authors: Mohapatra Tapas Kumar , Dey Asim Kumar , Sahu Binod Kumar
Published: February 2020

A novel quasi‐oppositional‐based salp swarm algorithm (QSSA) is used to obtain the optimal values of controllers for automatic generation control of the two‐area, assorted source of the generation‐based power system. Thermal, hydro, and gas generating units are considered in the power system. Optimal values of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers obtained using SSA and QSSA are compared with that of PID controllers based on differential evolution, teaching learning‐based optimisation, and imperialist competitive algorithm. Observing the superiority with a QSSA‐based PID controller, the study is protracted to obtain the optimal values of two‐degree‐of‐freedom conventional PID (2DOF‐PID) and 2DOF fractional order PID (2DOF‐FOPID) controller with SSA and QSSA techniques. It is evidenced that QSSA outperforms SSA and also the QSSA‐based 2DOF‐FOPID controller establishes a better dynamic response than other controllers. 2DOF‐FOPID controller is also employed for the system with generation rate constraint (GRC). The complete analysis is carried out by applying a step load disturbance of 1 p.u. in area‐1. Robustness of the controller is verified by varying the systems' parameters and a randomly varying loading pattern in both areas with and without GRC. In both cases, the proposed QSSA‐based 2DOF‐FOPID controller is found firmly robust.
Modelling merging behaviour joining a cooperative adaptive cruise control platoon
Authors: Hu Jia , Wang Haoran , Li Xin , Li Xinghua
Published: February 2020

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) has shown great potential in improving freeway capacity. Although the benefit of CACC is obvious, its potential side effects are not yet well studied. One of the major factors that have been overlooked is merging behaviour. A driving simulator study has been recently conducted at the Federal Highway Administration of the United States and reveals that there is unique driving behaviour when joining and leaving a CACC platoon. Unlike the conventional merging model which is a passive decision action, merging into a CACC platoon is a proactive action. Without simulating this unique behaviour, any simulation evaluation on CACC is biased. To improve the validity of future CACC simulation evaluation, this research constructs a merging model. The model consists of two parts: the longitudinal trajectory model and the merging duration prediction model. The model was constructed for both human manual driver and CACC automated controller. The evaluation of the proposed model shows that the model is 96.5% accurate in terms of merging duration prediction and 95.2% accurate in terms of speed prediction.
Miniaturised wideband antenna with low profile based on dual‐layer metasurface
Authors: Chen Xue , Zhang Wenmei , Han Liping , Chen Xinwei , Han Guorui , Yang Rongcao
Published: February 2020

A novel miniaturised wideband antenna based on dual‐layer metasurface (MS) is proposed in this study. It is composed of three metallic and two substrate layers. The top metallic layer is the MS whose unit is a square patch etched four interlaced quarter arc‐shaped slots (PQAS). The middle metallic layer is a circular ring patch. The bottom metallic layer is the MS formed by the square metal ring (SMR). The top MS with PQAS and the bottom MS with SMR are combined which serve as a radiator and ground plane of the antenna directly, not a reflector. Thus, avoiding air layer, a low profile of 0.014 λ0 (λ0 is the guided wavelength at 2.57 GHz) is realised. Meanwhile, the impedance bandwidth and gain of the antenna are improved. The measured results show that the −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed MS antenna is from 2.57 to 4.12 GHz (the relative bandwidth is 46.3%). Furthermore, the maximum gain reaches 4.17 dBi.
Dielectric spectroscopy of epoxy‐based barium titanate nanocomposites: effect of temperature and humidity
Authors: Zafar Romana , Gupta Nandini
Published: February 2020

The information contained in the dielectric response of materials is useful to study the charge transport behaviour of dielectric materials at the molecular level. Therefore, in this work, broadband dielectric spectroscopy is used to measure complex permittivity of epoxy resin and its nanocomposites over a wide frequency range of 10−3 –10+6 Hz. Measurements are carried out at different temperatures (25–90°C) and relative humidities of 50% RH and 90% RH. Nanocomposites are prepared with as‐received and surface‐functionalised barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanofillers incorporated into epoxy. Filler loading of 1–10% by volume are achieved and investigated. A detailed study of the effect of filler loading and surface functionalisation of particles before incorporation into the nanocomposite is included. It is seen that the addition of nanofillers increases both real and imaginary relative permittivity of the composite. Experiments are carried out to understand the effect of water content on epoxy and its nanocomposites. It reveals that low‐frequency dispersion or quasi‐DC conduction is exhibited at high humidity (90% RH) and high temperature (90°C).
Chromospheric activity in bright contact binary stars
Authors: Mitnyan T. , Szalai T. , Bódi A. , Kriskovics L. , Vida K. , Cseh B. , Hanyecz O. , Ordasi A. , Pál A. , Vinkó J.
Published: February 2020

Context. Studying chromospheric activity of contact binaries is an effective way of revealing the magnetic activity processes of these systems. One efficient but somewhat neglected method for this purpose is to follow the changes of the Hα line profiles via optical spectroscopy.

Aims. Our goal is to perform a comprehensive preliminary analysis based on the optical spectral signs of chromospheric activity on the largest sample of contact binaries to date.

Methods. We collected optical echelle spectra on 12 bright contact binaries in 17 nights. We derived new radial velocity curves from our observations. For quantifying the apparent chromospheric activity levels of the systems, we subtracted self-constructed synthetic spectra from the observed ones and measured the equivalent widths of the residual Hα-profiles at each observed epoch. Our well-sampled data set allowed us to study the short-term variations of chromospheric activity levels as well as to search for correlations between them and some basic physical parameters of the systems.

Results. Fitting the radial velocity curves, we re-determined the mass ratios and systemic velocities of all observed objects. We found that chromospheric activity levels of the studied systems show various changes during the orbital revolution: we see either flat, one-peaked, or two-peaked distributions of equivalent width vs. the orbital phase. The first case means that the activity level is probably constant, while the latter two cases suggest the presence of one or two active longitudes at the stellar surfaces. Our correlation diagrams show that mean chromospheric activity levels may be related to the orbital periods, B−V color indices, inverse Rossby numbers, and temperature differences of the components. At the same time, no clear trend is visible with respect to the mass ratios, inclinations, or fill-out factors of the systems. A- and W-type contact binaries in our sample show similar distributions on each of the studied correlation diagrams.
The potential bio-conversion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as Bioethanol by steady-state anaerobic processes
Authors: Anggamulia Muh. Ilham , Syafila Mindriany , Handajani Marisa , Gumilar Andri
Published: February 2020

Biomass is a central issue as new material that can be used as a substrate to produce biofuels, it has become global research to replace liquid fossil fuels with alternative renewable and sustainable fossils. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the potential of Agri-industrial waste to be used as alternative energy with anaerobic digestion of high concentration organic wastewater can be used for bioethanol production to replace food as raw material. Bioethanol can be produced in acidogenic steps in the organic degradation process. In this research, bacterial mixed cultures sourced from bovine rumen as biomass and the substrate used was palm oil mill effluent (POME) with a characteristic COD concentration of 25,600 mg/L, The operation of the reactor is set at pH 5; 6; 7 for 72 hours with the type of anaerobic circulating batch reactor (CBR), measurement of bioethanol products and acidogenesis of samples is carried out every 6 hours. The results showed that the reactor with variations in pH conditions 5 gave the highest efficiency of bioethanol formation in the 12 hour running process, result is 102,94 mg/L with a maximum formation rate of 9,98 mg/L/hour.
Evaluation of Pb (II) Removal from Water Using Sodium Alginate/Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Beads
Authors: Guerrero Rodel , Acibar Catherine , Alarde Christine Marie , Maslog Jane , Pacilan Christine Joy
Published: February 2020

This study examined the removal of Pb2+ions from aqueous solution with two different lead concentrations using a hydrogel-forming polymer based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and sodium alginate (SA). The feasibility of the adsorption behavior of SA/HPC beads has been investigated with three varying ratios of 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 under a stir condition. The adsorption experiments were done to determine the effects of contact time, lead concentration and SA-HPC ratio to the adsorption capacity of SA-HPC hydrogel beads. The results showed that the ratio 75:25 showed higher adsorption capacity compared to 100:0 and 50:50. It showcased 47.72 mg/g adsorption capacity and 95.45% adsorption percentage after three hours of contact time. The adsorption kinetic model indicated that the adsorption of Pb2+ions onto the beads followed a pseudo-second order kinetic equation. This means that the adsorption mechanism shows a chemisorption process and its sole rate-limiting step is intraparticle diffusion.
Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Cotton Yarn Spinning Mills Wastes: Effect of Pretreatment and Hydrolysis Reaction Condition on the Product Characteristics
Authors: Yulina Rizka , Gustiani Rr. Srie , Kasipah Cica , Danny Sukardan Mochammad
Published: February 2020

Cotton wastes from cotton yarn spinning mills has been utilized as an alternative resource for the production of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), an important ingredient in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industries, etc. The main processes conducted including cotton wastes sorting, cotton lint pretreatment, and alpha cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, several parameters on pretreatment and hydrolysis were varied in order to produce MCC which characteristics were evaluated comparing to Avicel PH-101, a commercial MCC product. Pretreatment was carried out using 17.5% alkali (w/v) at temperature 80°C for 30 minutes, followed by a bleaching process at 5-30% H2O2 (v/v). The hydrolysis reaction was done using 1.25 M sulfuric acid, at temperature 80°C and 96°C for 2-4 hours. Results showed that pretreatment process with alkali for 30 minutes followed by a bleaching process with 5% H2O2 (v/v) was able to isolate 87% alpha cellulose with 99.98% of purity. The yields of MCC powders produced from acid hydrolysis of alpha cellulose at 96°C for 2, 3, and 4 hours were 74.6%, 70.2%, and 42.8%, respectively. According to the SEM, infrared spectra, and XRD results, the process conducted was applicable to produce MCC that physically and chemically similar to the characteristics of Avicel PH-101.
Initial Analysis of Plastic Debris Accumulation in the Estuary of Wonorejo River, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Setyo Budi , Imron Muhammad Fauzul
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research was to investigate the accumulation of plastic debris in the Wonorejo River Estuary, Surabaya, Indonesia. Visible plastic debris were collected from three (3) sampling points along the intertidal area of Wonorejo River Estuary. The correlation between sampling points (SPs) and the amount of the collected plastic debris (CPD) was analysed using one-way ANOVA. Result of one-way ANOVA showed that the sampling point was significantly affect the amount of the collected plastic debris (p<0.05). A further analysis using Tukey’s Significance Honest Test indicating a significantly higher CPD on SP2 compared to the SP1 and SP3 (p<0.05). The amount of CPD were 126.07±12.00 g dry weight/m2 from SP1, 375.97±16.72 g dry weight/m2 from SP2, and 291.13±36.28 g dry weight/m2 from SP3. The highest percentage of collected debris item was plastic bags (up to 57.90%), followed by bottle caps (up to 16.65%). The most identified plastic types were Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) (up to 73.13%), followed by Polypropylene (PP) (up to 17.22%). Understanding the accumulation of plastic debris in estuary is a fundamental requirement to conduct an advance research related to the marine plastic pollution and to determine further actions to solve this problem.
The effect of land use changes to discharge extremities in Cimahi Watershed – Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java
Authors: Ai Nurhayati Siti , Sabar Arwin , Marselina Mariana
Published: February 2020

The development of cities and regencies in the Cimahi watershed area increases the rate of population growth which results in high land requirements in the Cimahi watershed area. Land se change affects the flow of runoff and debit of the Cimahi River. The purpose of this research is to assess the hydrological function area in the Cimahi watershed, the impact of the land use change and to analyze the effect of landuse change in the Cimahi watershed on the extremity of water resources in terms of both quantity and quality. The natural conservation index and the actual conservation index (IKA and IKC) are used as a parameter to indicate the existing hydrological conditions and ideal hydrological conditions for conservation which are calculated based on rainfall, rock type, slope, height and land use. The results of the conservation index showed that there was a decrease in the value of the IKC from 0.637 in 2000 to 0.608 in 2012. The debit extremity could be seen based on the calculations by moving averages on the debit data, and the resulting maximum debit value was greater and the value of the base flow (baseflow) was getting smaller. Land changes in the Cimahi watershed also had an influence on the river water quality.
Iminyl-Radical-Mediated Cyanoalkylarylation of Activated Alkenes Enabled by Silver-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of α-Imino Oxy Acids
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng , Wang Zhi , Yan Xiaoyu , He Xiaoxue , Yan Xinhuan
Published: February 2020

An iminyl-radical-mediated cyanoalkylarylation of α,β-unsaturated imides with cyclic α-imino oxy acids leading to isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives has been developed. The procedure involves the generation of iminyl radicals through silver-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation, followed by a C–C bond cleavage, cyanoalkylation, and C–H-functionalization cascade.
Técnicas de antissepsia em procedimentos cirúrgicos ortopédicos: Um estudo comparativo
Authors: Mendes Eugênio César , Carvalho Mauro de Castro , Carvalho Rafael Baroni , Ferraz Célio Alves , Souza Diba Maria S.T. , Schnaider Taylor B.
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Comparar as técnicas de antissepsia utilizando clorexidina degermante associada a álcool etílico e a clorexidina alcoólica versus clorexidina degermante associada a clorexidina alcoólica, em procedimentos cirúrgicos ortopédicos.

Métodos Trata-se de um estudo clínico, primário, randomizado, analítico e de centro único, constituído por 170 pacientes ortopédicos submetidos a abordagem cirúrgica, alocados em 2 grupos aleatórios, nos quais foram testados clorexidina degermante + clorexidina alcoólica (grupo CDCA) e clorexidina degermante + álcool etílico a 70% + clorexidina alcoólica (grupo CDACA). Foram realizadas culturas nos meios manitol e eosina azul de metileno (EAM) de amostras colhidas nos períodos de pré-degermação (0), pós-degermação (1) e após a incisão suturada (2).

Resultados Em relação ao crescimento bacteriano nos meios de cultura manitol e EAM entre os grupos, em cada período de estudo (0, 1 e 2), não ocorreu diferença estatística significativa nesta pesquisa. Na avaliação do tipo de crescimento bacteriano nos meios de cultura manitol e EAM, também não foi constatada significância estatística entre os grupos.

Conclusão Não ocorreu diferença entre as técnicas utilizadas na antissepsia para prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em procedimentos ortopédicos, mas, ao final do trabalho, foi possível a elaboração de um protocolo de medidas para realização de prevenção infecciosa nesses procedimentos.
Representing Anglophone culture in China
Authors: Yuan Mingming
Published: February 2020

Using three Chinese translations ofPeter Pancompleted at different times in history, this paper discusses how the spread of the Anglophone culture in China influenced the representation of Anglophone culture in translations. The paper provides an overview of different types of culture-bound elements identified inPeter Pan, illustrating the different translation strategies adopted to treat these elements. The analysis focuses on the influence of the changing sociocultural context in China, exploring how the spread of Anglophone culture in China over time is reflected in the translation of culture-bound elements. As the penetration of the Anglophone culture into China became more profound from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, the source culture became better preserved, providing readers with a culturally rich target text with foreignizing translation strategies.
DATA 2000 Waiver Training for Medical Students: Lessons Learned from a Medical School Experience
Authors: Zerbo Erin , Traba Christin , Matthew Pravin , Chen Sophia , Holland Bart K. , Levounis Petros , Nelson Lewis S. , Lamba Sangeeta
Published: February 2020

Background

In the midst of this national opioid crisis, it has become apparent that there is a large shortage in the workforce of treatment providers equipped to deliver evidence-based care for opioid use disorders (OUD). Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as buprenorphine, are crucial in reducing mortality in those with OUD, and yet prescribers must meet federal waiver requirements under the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000). There are now several pathways for medical schools to satisfy these waiver requirements for all graduates, but this has not yet become widespread. We propose that including a DATA 2000 waiver training within the medical school curriculum is a feasible and effective way to meet eligibility requirements to prescribe buprenorphine.

Methods

As part of a longitudinal opioid curriculum requirement, we implemented a DATA 2000 waiver training for all rising Year 4 medical students. One hundred sixty-nine students completed a hybrid (online and in-person) waiver training. The majority completed a pre- and post-survey.

Results

The pre-training survey showed 93% of rising Year 4 medical students (112/120) reported participation in care of patients with OUD. Students six month post-training reported a rise in confidence (1.94 to 2.45; p < 0.01) and knowledge (2.27 to 2.76; p < 0.01) regarding MOUD. They also reported their plans to apply for the buprenorphine waiver once licensed and reported being more likely to prescribe buprenorphine for OUD as a result of the training (mean = 3.35; SD = 1.36; 0 = extremely unlikely to 5 = extremely likely).

Conclusions

We successfully implemented a DATA 2000 waiver training as a mandatory requirement for the medical school curriculum. Further studies are needed to determine optimal timing, best format, and frequency of reinforcement of MOUD educational content across the undergraduate and graduate medical education continuum.
Pressure-induced metallization and reentrant insulativity in elemental crystal of phosphorus: a prediction by ab initio calculations
Authors: Zhuang Quan , Jin Xilian , Bao Kuo , Cui Tian
Published: February 2020

Elemental materials made up from just one type of element is more unpredictable than people usually think at pressures. For examples, alkali metals are reported to transform into insulator firstly and then reenter into metallic state with pressures. Here, we have deeply investigated the structures and electronic properties of elemental phosphorus under high pressure. The phase sequence of phosphorus is improved, and two new close-packed structures are proposed to be stable beyond 350 GPa. Strikingly, for the insulate phosphorus at ambient pressure, the feature of pressure-induced metallization and subsequently reentrant insulativity with pressures is deduced, which is opposite to the evolutionary electronic structures in alkali metals upon compression. Furthermore, the electronic density of states at Fermi level is disclosed to dominate the variation trend of electron–phonon coupling strength and superconducting critical temperature.
Self-falsifiable hierarchical detection of overlapping communities on social networks
Authors: Li Tianyi , Zhang Pan
Published: February 2020

No community detection algorithm can be optimal for all possible networks, thus it is important to identify whether the algorithm is suitable for a given network. We propose a multi-step algorithmic solution scheme for overlapping community detection based on an advanced label propagation process, which imitates the community formation process on social networks. Our algorithm is parameter-free and is able to reveal the hierarchical order of communities in the graph. The unique property of our solution scheme is self-falsifiability; an automatic quality check of the results is conducted after the detection, and the fitness of the algorithm for the specific network is reported. Extensive experiments show that our algorithm is self-consistent, reliable on networks of a wide range of size and different sorts, and is more robust than existing algorithms on both sparse and large-scale social networks. Results further suggest that our solution scheme may uncover features of networks’ intrinsic community structures.
Learning the dynamics of open quantum systems from their steady states
Authors: Bairey Eyal , Guo Chu , Poletti Dario , Lindner Netanel H , Arad Itai
Published: February 2020

Recent works have shown that generic local Hamiltonians can be efficiently inferred from local measurements performed on their eigenstates or thermal states. Realistic quantum systems are often affected by dissipation and decoherence due to coupling to an external environment. This raises the question whether the steady states of such open quantum systems contain sufficient information allowing for full and efficient reconstruction of the system’s dynamics. We find that such a reconstruction is possible for generic local Markovian dynamics. We propose a recovery method that uses only local measurements; for systems with finite-range interactions, the method recovers the Lindbladian acting on each spatial domain using only observables within that domain. We numerically study the accuracy of the reconstruction as a function of the number of measurements, type of open-system dynamics and system size. Interestingly, we show that couplings to external environments can in fact facilitate the reconstruction of Hamiltonians composed of commuting terms.
Spatial heterogeneity in CO2, CH4, and energy fluxes: insights from airborne eddy covariance measurements over the Mid-Atlantic region
Authors: Hannun Reem A , Wolfe Glenn M , Kawa S Randy , Hanisco Thomas F , Newman Paul A , Alfieri Joseph G , Barrick John , Clark Kenneth L , DiGangi Joshua P , Diskin Glenn S , King John , Kustas William P , Mitra Bhaskar , Noormets Asko , Nowak John B , Thornhill K Lee , Vargas Rodrigo
Published: February 2020

The exchange of carbon between the Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere influences the atmospheric abundances of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Airborne eddy covariance (EC) can quantify surface-atmosphere exchange from landscape-to-regional scales, offering a unique perspective on carbon cycle dynamics. We use extensive airborne measurements to quantify fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, CO2, and CH4 across multiple ecosystems in the Mid-Atlantic region during September 2016 and May 2017. In conjunction with footprint analysis and land cover information, we use the airborne dataset to explore the effects of landscape heterogeneity on measured fluxes. Our results demonstrate large variability in CO2 uptake over mixed agricultural and forested sites, with fluxes ranging from −3.4 ± 0.7 to −11.5 ± 1.6 μmol m−2 s−1 for croplands and −9.1 ± 1.5 to −22.7 ± 3.2 μmol m−2 s−1 for forests. We also report substantial CH4 emissions of 32.3 ± 17.0 to 76.1 ± 29.4 nmol m−2 s−1 from a brackish herbaceous wetland and 58.4 ± 12.0 to 181.2 ± 36.8 nmol m−2 s−1 from a freshwater forested wetland. Comparison of ecosystem-specific aircraft observations with measurements from EC flux towers along the flight path demonstrate that towers capture ∼30%–75% of the regional variability in ecosystem fluxes. Diel patterns measured at the tower sites suggest that peak, midday flux measurements from aircraft accurately predict net daily CO2 exchange. We discuss next steps in applying airborne observations to evaluate bottom-up flux models and improve understanding of the biophysical processes that drive carbon exchange from landscape-to-regional scales.