bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Recognition and Correction Algorithm for Big Data of Distribution Network Load
Authors: Huang Tao , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Wei , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yanwei
Published: May 2021

With the continuous improvement of the intelligent degree of distribution network, load information presents the growth of big data level, large-scale, mixed, inaccurate monitoring or collection of load data often appear, which brings some difficulties to the scheduling and forecasting work. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and correct these abnormal data. Based on the analysis of the causes and distribution characteristics of different types of abnormal load data, this paper identifies and modifies the abnormal data based on the improved density estimation algorithm, so as to realize the rapid processing and repair of the distribution network load big data. Finally, the power load data of a province in 2020 is selected to clean the load data. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can quickly and accurately realize the identification and correction of abnormal load data.
Stable and efficient perovskite solar cell using hydrophobic tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine as a hole dopant
Authors: Han Fei , Wang Lingling
Published: May 2021

2,2’,7,7’-Tetrakis [N, N-di(4-methoxyphenyl) amino]-9,9’-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) is the most versatile hole transporting material in n-i-p type perovskite solar cell (PSC). Among them, 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI) hole dopants are use to increase the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD and further improve the device’s performance. The devices are not stable for long periods of time due to the hygroscopicity of Li-TFSI. Based on these, a phosphorus-containing hole dopant tri(pentaflorophenyl)phosphine ((C6F5)3P) was developed in this study, which further improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC and device stability. Further, the above results indicate that the performance (18.876%) of PSC based on 7 wt% (C6F5)3P-doped spiro-OMeTAD hole-transporting layer (HTL) was superior to that of the device based on undoped spiro-OMeTAD (10.957%), and the performance of PSC based on spiro-OMeTAD doped with tBP and Li-TFSI (17.056%). In addition, the stability of the device was greatly improved. After 1008 h of aging test (Room temperature, atmospheric atmosphere, relative humidity 50-80%), the PCEs of the above devices retained the initial value of 85% (the device based on 7 wt% (C6F5)3P-doped spiro-OMeTAD) and 24% (the device based on tBP/Li-TFSI-doped spiro-OMeTAD), respectively.
Analysis on Operation and Maintenance Management Mode of 35kV and 110kV Transmission Lines
Authors: Cong Wenkui
Published: May 2021

At present, in the process of social development, the demand for electric power and energy continues to increase. In order to ensure the stability of public power grid operation, electric power enterprises need to actively carry out the operation and maintenance management of 35kV and 110kV lines. This paper analyzes the operation and maintenance management problems of 35kV and 110kV transmission lines, introduces the optimization points of operation and maintenance management mode of transmission lines, and puts forward some guarantee strategies.
Effect of Cylinder Air Charge bypass on Combustion Characteristics of Gasoline Engine at Low Load
Authors: Liao Yong , Chen Yongyan , Zhang Bin , Li Lin , Zhang Li
Published: May 2021

Enhancing TKE (Turbulent kinetic energy) in cylinder is beneficial to accelerate flame propagation, short combustion duration and improve the thermal efficiency. In order to improve the TKE of the engine under low load, the design of air charge bypass was introduced. Based on Converge, the flow in cylinder of different design schemes was analyzed, and the best scheme was selected for combustion analysis experiment. The results show that there is little effect of bypass inclination angle on the flow, and only swirl is changed by the position of bypass channel, however the increase of the diameter of the bypass channel can significantly improve the tumble, swirl and TKE in the cylinder. Compared to the engine without bypass channel, the thermal efficiency of the engine with bypass channel is increased by 16% under low load (BMEP=2bar and engine speed= 3000rpm).
New bracket and motion control system for distributed photovoltaic power stations
Authors: An Yida , Yu Longkun , Lu Minxi
Published: May 2021

In view of the existing solar panel blackout, affecting the ecological environment, unreasonable spatial distribution, low power generation efficiency, high failure rate, difficult to operate and other issues, design a mechanical uniform solar power bracket: weather conditions, temperature, light strength and other multi-factor evaluation of the way to monitor the state of photovoltaic panels to adjust. According to the latitude and longitude and terrain of photovoltaic plate installation, the periodic movement trajectory is automatically planned, the operation is monitored centrally, and the failure point is located quickly and the operational efficiency is improved by comparing with big data speculation.
Novel ethanol soluble all-furan based copolymer for organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Shang Luwen , He Shenghua , Gao Yueyue
Published: May 2021

A new ethanol soluble all-furan based copolymer (PFF) was firstly designed and synthesized. PFF exhibits strong absorption in the range of 300-700 nm, and presents a highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of – 5.21 eV. The organic photovoltaics based on PFF: PCBO-12 display a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.49% when fabricated with ethanol. Interestingly, the PCE would be improved to 0.66% along with simultaneous enhancement of all photovoltaic parameters for devices by applying 1.5% p-anisaldehyde additive. The experiment analysis indicates the low PCE of the optimized device is ascribed to severe phase segregation and the large surface roughness of the active layer, which were verified by the TEM and AFM characterization.
Functional localization analysis on pumped storage station under the new situation of energy transformation
Authors: Wen Bo , Huang Defa , Yu Liang
Published: May 2021

The functional localization of pumped storage station is analysed in this paper on the basis of summarize of the new situation and industrial advantages. It is a special power supply with the characteristics of peak shaving, valley filling, frequency modulation, phase modulation, emergency reserve and black start and so on. With the continuous acceleration of energy structural adjustments in China, the new energy power supply development rapidly, the demand for pumped storage station is increasingly urgent and its future growth is very broad.
Exploration on planning and development of pumped storage power stations in China
Authors: Xu Lingjun , Liu Zhihua , Zheng Shuqing
Published: May 2021

Our country has a vast territory and a large population, with the rapid development of economic society, electricity load continues to grow, and the difference between peak and valley load continues to grow also. Pumped Storage Power Station is the most mature large-scale energy storage method at present, and it is an important part of the new power system with new energy as the main body. In order to adapt to the rapid development of wind power, solar power and other new energy, and meet the requirements for safe and stable operation of nuclear power, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system, it is necessary to reasonably support and accelerate the construction of pumped storage power stations.
Research on Optimization of Flow Field of Denitration System of 600MW Unit and Modification of Fine Ammonia Injection
Authors: Liao Yunbo , Xue Fangming
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the uneven distribution of flow field in the denitration system of coal-fired power plant boilers, poor mixing of ammonia and nitrogen, increased ammonia escape, and easy blockage of the air preheater, a flow field optimization and transformation plan was proposed through numerical simulation and added in the flue of the denitration system. Equipped with baffles and static mixers, modified the ammonia injection pipeline in zones, implemented ammonia injection total control and grid balance automatic adjustment control. After the transformation of precise ammonia injection for denitrification, the NOx emission of the unit is stably controlled at 40 mg/Nm3, the steady-state deviation value and other indicators are better than the acceptance standard, and the air preheater differential pressure is effectively controlled.
Extraction of natural chitosan oligosaccharides from shell and preparation of natural sunscreen
Authors: Feng Xinyu , Liu Jialin , Huang Xin , Mao Di , Wang Jiaxin , Zhao Jinxiang , Zhang Jingyu
Published: May 2021

Shell is aquatic product processing industry waste, shrimp, crab and shellfish contain heavy metal, cause this kind of waste water deposits, the pollution caused by the Marine area, but the shell and shrimp shell contains rich off acetyl chitosan, chitosan degradation into shell oligosaccharides have many function effect, from the perspective of environmental protection is to deal with some of the pollution, and the preparation of the beneficial shell oligosaccharides. This paper introduces the extraction of chitosan from shrimp shells and the preparation of sunscreen by using physical degradation method to extract chitosan oligosaccharide from chitosan. In this paper, natural chito-oligosaccharides were extracted from shellfish waste and used as ingredients to make natural sunscreen, which was an exploration of chito-oligosaccharides in the field of daily use in fine chemical industry.
Treatment of waste gas from electronic dismantling workshop
Authors: Zeng Huanmu , Deng Gaoya , Chen Dingsheng , Zeng Wenhao , Zhang Guanyuan , Chen Zhihang , Cen Chaoping
Published: May 2021

At present, due to China’s electronic waste treatment technology is not mature enough. In the market, a large number of electronic wastes into the household dismantling workshop and through simple, inefficient, extensive way to recycle. After the extraction of valuable resources, the remaining toxic and harmful substances are discharged at will, resulting in a high level of toxic and harmful pollutants in the air of the region. The deposition of harmful and harmful pollutants in the air also further leads to the deterioration of the local soil, water and other ecological environment, threatening the health and survival of local residents. The paper takes the exhaust gas from electronic waste dismantling process based on family workshop of Guiyu town as the experimental object. Water absorption and activated carbon adsorption were applied to treat exhaust gas. And the ferreite precipitation was used to treat the recirculated wastewater after spray system. The experiment results indicate that the lead cadmium, tin and its compounds and benzene series could be removed above 95% after water absorption and active carbon adsorption. The lead, cadmium and copper in recirculated wastewater respectively could be removed 96.69%, 79.76% and 90.82% after ferrite precipitation process.
Synthesis and Properties of Poly (DL-lactide)/Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Tian Jia , Bai Lu , Zhou Haijun , Zhou Mengmeng , Xiao Jijun , Li Yantao
Published: May 2021

Poly (DL-lactide)/Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diblock Copolymer is successfully synthesized with mPEG and DL-LA as main raw materials. FT-IR, 1H-NMR and DSC are used to study the influence of precipitant species and dosage on the properties of copolymer; and the effects of the m (mPEG)/m(LA)’s ratio on the copolymer’s molecular weight (Mn), glass transition temperature (Tg) and the properties of residual monomers. The results showed that the precipitant was ether, dichloromethane / ether was 1/6, m (m PEG)/m (LA) was 2/1.8, the synthesized Poly (DL-lactide)/Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diblock Copolymers, the residual monomer was only 0.26 and the solvent residue was only 0.04.
Preparation of bisphenol A polyaryl ether nitrile microporous foam
Authors: Qi Qing , Lei Yajie , Liu Xiaobo
Published: May 2021

Different foam structure of bisphenol A polyarylene ether nitrile (BPA-PEN) foams were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method. First, BPA-PEN films obtained by solution casting method. The properties of BPA-PEN films and foams were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile test. The cell morphology of BPA-PEN foams with different adsorption pressure and foaming time have been investigated. The foaming temperature and saturation pressure have a great influence on the cell size and cell density of BPA-PEN foams. As the foaming temperature increases, when the foaming temperature is closer to the optimal foaming temperature, the viscosity of the BPA-PEN/CO2 homogeneous system become lower, which promotes the diffusion rate of CO2 in BPA-PEN and promotes the growth of bubbles. At the same time, the plasticizing effect of gas reduces the glass transition temperature of BPA-PEN/CO2. The best foaming temperature of BPA-PEN is 150 °C. When the foaming temperature exceeds the optimal foaming temperature, the cell density decreases, the cell wall becomes thicker, and the cell distribution becomes uneven. The mechanical properties of BPA-PEN changed significantly before and after foaming.
Study on Impact Damage Characteristics of PTFE/Al/W Reactive Materials
Authors: Zhou Jingyuan , Zou Xuan , Liu Ping , Ran Xianwen , Tang Wenhui
Published: May 2021

Reactive material is a promising new energetic material. In this paper, the damage characteristics of PTFE / Al / W reactive material impacting on double-layer aluminum target are studied by experiments, and the experimental process is simulated by numerical simulation. The experimental results show that when the reactive material impacts the double-layer thin aluminum target, there is almost no reaction when it impacts the first target plate, and the reaction mainly occurs when it impacts the second target plate. Compared with the simulation results, it is proved that the ignition growth model can be used in the simulation calculation of reactive materials.
Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Modified by Histidine for Embedding Flavonoids
Authors: Wang Peng , Guo Li , Chai Yunlei , Ma Xue
Published: May 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified by histidine (His) to prepare His-HA conjugate, and flavonoid-containing mixed nanoparticles were embedded by formamide and dimethylformamide with ultrasonic treatment. The porosity, swelling degree, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and in vitro release of nanoparticles were measured for embedding capacity. The results showed that the prepared His-HA conjugate with ratio of 9:1 had a high buffering capacity at endosome pH 6.0, and the rate of encapsulation and drug loading for embedding effect were 50%∼80% and 8%∼13% respectively.
Current situation and prospect of Denitration technology in nonferrous smelting industry
Authors: Fang Wang
Published: May 2021

Air pollution control of the non-ferrous industry is mainly concentrated on the dust and SO2 in the flue gas. NOx control has just started. The relevant standards and specifications are still constantly updated and improved, control technology is also learning from other industries on the basis of continuous exploration and innovation. Through analyzing the NOx emission characteristics and emission standard requirements of non-ferrous smelting industry, this paper points out the current situation and development trend of the non-ferrous smelting industry.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of pure magnesium prepared by CEE-AEC at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zheng Jie , Shi Yusha , Ji Jinsheng , Zhang Jishi , Zhang Zhimin , Xue Yong
Published: May 2021

Cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetrical extrusion cavity (CEE-AEC) was carried out on pure magnesium up to 3 passes at different deformation temperatures of 250 °C and 350 °C. The microstructure and texture evolution of its edge and center regions are studied respectively, and their mechanical properties are correlated. The results show that there is an incomplete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) region in pure magnesium deformed at 250 °C. Therefore, pure magnesium processing at 250 °C has a larger grain size and higher texture strength than that processing at 350 °C. According to the tensile test, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of different positions of different temperatures is very close because the DRXed grains grow at 350 °C. But the value of tensile yield strength (TYS) is nearly doubled, the main reasons are that the effect of (0001) basal slip and texture softening is greater than that of grain refinement.
Relative trajectories of two charged sedimenting particles in a Stokes flow
Authors: Trombley Chris I , Ekiel-Jeżewska Maria L
Published: May 2021

We study the dynamics of two charged point particles settling in a Stokes flow.We find what ranges of initial relative positions and what ranges of system parameters lead to formation of stable doublets.The system is parameterized by the ratio of radii, ratio of masses and the ratio of electrostatic to gravitational force.We focus on opposite charges.We find a new class of stationary states with the line of the particle centers inclined with respect to gravity and demonstrate that they are always locallyasymptotically stable. Stability properties of stationary states with the vertical line of the particle centers are also discussed.We find examples of systems with multiple stable stationary states.We show that the basin of attraction for each stable stationary state has infinite measure, so that particles can capture one another even when they are very distant, and even if their charge is very small. This behavior is qualitatively different from the uncharged case where there only exists a bounded set of periodic relative trajectories.We determine the range of ratios of Stokes velocities and ratio masses which give rise to non-overlapping stable stationary states (given the appropriate ratio of electrostatic to gravitational force). For non-overlapping stable inclined or vertical stationary states the larger particle is always above the smaller particle. The non-overlapping stable inclined stationary states existonly if the larger particle has greater Stokes velocity, but there are non-overlapping stable vertical stationary states where the larger particle has higher or lower Stokes velocity.
MorphoScript: a dedicated analysis to assess the morphology and contractile structures of cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells
Authors: Homan Tess , Delanoë-Ayari Hélène , Meli Albano C , Cazorla Olivier , Gergely Csilla , Mejat Alexandre , Chevalier Philippe , Moreau Adrien
Published: May 2021

Motivation

Cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells are closely followed, notably since the discovery in 2007 of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) derived from hiPSC are indeed more and more used to study specific cardiac diseases as well as for developing novel applications such as drug safety experiments. Robust dedicated tools to characterize hiPSC-CM are now required. The hiPSC-CM morphology constitutes an important parameter since these cells do not demonstrate the expected rod shape, characteristic of native human cardiomyocytes. Similarly, the presence, the density and the organization of contractile structures would be a valuable parameter to study. Precise measurements of such characteristics would be useful in many situations: for describing pathological conditions, for pharmacological screens or even for studies focused on the hiPSC-CM maturation process.

Results

For this purpose, we developed a MATLAB based image analysis toolbox, which gives accurate values for cellular morphology parameters as well as for the contractile cell organization.

Availability and implementation

To demonstrate the power of this automated image analysis, we used a commercial maturation medium intended to promote the maturation status of hiPSC-CM, and compare the parameters with the ones obtained with standard culture medium, and with freshly dissociated mouse cardiomyocytes.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
scDetect: a rank-based ensemble learning algorithm for cell type identification of single-cell RNA sequencing in cancer
Authors: Shen Yifei , Chu Qinjie , Timko Michael P , Fan Longjiang
Published: May 2021

Motivation

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the characterization of different cell types in many tissues and tumor samples. Cell type identification is essential for single-cell RNA profiling, currently transforming the life sciences. Often, this is achieved by searching for combinations of genes that have previously been implicated as being cell-type specific, an approach that is not quantitative and does not explicitly take advantage of other scRNA-seq studies. Batch effects and different data platforms greatly decrease the predictive performance in inter-laboratory and different data type validation.

Results

Here, we present a new ensemble learning method named as ‘scDetect’ that combines gene expression rank-based analysis and a majority vote ensemble machine-learning probability-based prediction method capable of highly accurate classification of cells based on scRNA-seq data by different sequencing platforms. Because of tumor heterogeneity, in order to accurately predict tumor cells in the single-cell RNA-seq data, we have also incorporated cell copy number variation consensus clustering and epithelial score in the classification. We applied scDetect to scRNA-seq data from pancreatic tissue, mononuclear cells and tumor biopsies cells and show that scDetect classified individual cells with high accuracy and better than other publicly available tools.

Availability and implementation

scDetect is an open source software. Source code and test data is freely available from Github (https://github.com/IVDgenomicslab/scDetect/) and Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/record/4764132#.YKCOlrH5AYN). The examples and tutorial page is at https://ivdgenomicslab.github.io/scDetect-Introduction/. And scDetect will be available from Bioconductor.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Three-dimensional simulation of aesthetic outcome from breast-conserving surgery compared with viewing photographs or standard care: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Godden A R , Micha A , Wolf L M , Pitches C , Barry P A , Khan A A , Krupa K D C , Kirby A M , Rusby J E
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Over half of women with surgically managed breast cancer in the UK undergo breast-conserving treatment (BCT). While photographs are shown prior to reconstructive surgery or complex oncoplastic procedures, standard practice prior to breast conservation is to simply describe the likely aesthetic changes. Patients have expressed the desire for more personalized information about likely appearance after surgery. The hypothesis was that viewing a three-dimensional (3D) simulation improves patients’ confidence in knowing their likely aesthetic outcome after surgery.

Methods

A randomized, controlled trial of 117 women planning unilateral BCT was undertaken. The randomization was three-way: standard of care (verbal description alone, control group), viewing two-dimensional (2D) photographs, or viewing a 3D simulation before surgery. The primary endpoint was the comparison between groups’ median answer on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for the question administered before surgery: ‘How confident are you that you know how your breasts are likely to look after treatment?’

Results

The median VAS in the control group was 5.2 (i.q.r. 2.6–7.8); 8.0 (i.q.r. 5.7–8.7) for 2D photography, and 8.9 (i.q.r. 8.2–9.5) for 3D simulation. There was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.010) with post-hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrating a statistically significant difference between 3D simulation and both standard care and viewing 2D photographs (P < 0.010 and P = 0.012, respectively).

Conclusion

This RCT has demonstrated that women who viewed an individualized 3D simulation of likely aesthetic outcome for BCT were more confident going into surgery than those who received standard care or who were shown 2D photographs of other women. The impact on longer-term satisfaction with outcome remains to be determined.

Registration number: NCT03250260 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
DOP63 The Toronto IBD global endoscopic reporting (TIGER) score is well correlated with fecal calprotectin and IBD Disk in Ulcerative Colitis patients
Authors: Zittan E , Steinhart A H , Aran H , Milgrom R , Koifman E , Gralnek I M , Zelber-Sagi S , Silverberg M S
Published: May 2021

Background

Commonly used endoscopic indices in IBD lack ability to provide overall disease burden and severity, generate low inter-observer agreement, and demonstrate incomplete validation of some scores. We developed a new endoscopic reporting tool, the Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting (TIGER) score for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The aim of our study was to compare the usability and validity of the TIGER score against fecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and IBD DISK score in UC patients.

Methods

A cohort of 53 UC patients participated in the study. Blinded IBD experts reviewed and graded ileocolonoscopy videos. In the validation phase, the TIGER score was compared to (1) the Mayo endoscopic score serving as a reference standard and; (2) inflammatory biomarkers FC, CRP and; (3) IBD Disk.

Results

Inter-observer reliability of the TIGER score per segment between reviewers was excellent, Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)=0.94; [95%CI: 0.92–0.96]. For categorized TIGER score, lowest overall agreement was 96.6% [95%CI: 93.5–98.6] and lowest kappa 0.91 [95%CI: 0.84–0.98], reflecting excellent agreement. Overall agreement per segment between Mayo endoscopic score and TIGER was 84% [95%CI:74%-90%] and kappa coefficient 0.60 [95%CI: 0.42–0.808]. Per subject analysis for UC yielded overall agreement of 80% [95%CI: 64–91] and kappa coefficient 0.44 [95%CI: 0.14–0.75]. There was a significant correlation between TIGER and FC (r s = .794, p < .0001). There was a significant correlation between TIGER and IBD Disk (r s = .613, p < .0001). As expected, there was a lower correlation between TIGER score and CRP (r s = .309, p < .0850) in UC patients.

Conclusion

The TIGER endoscopic score demonstrates significant correlation with FC and IBD disk score in ulcerative colitis patients and thus can be used as a reliable and simple endoscopic score for UC patients to capture overall endoscopic disease burden.
DOP74 Initial Clearance of infliximab is a predictor for the time of formation of anti-drug antibodies
Authors: Kutschera M , Primas C , Reinisch S , Novacek G , Kim S H , Lee S H , Lee J H , Reinisch W , Mould D R
Published: May 2021

Background

Treating patients with biologics like infliximab (IFX), may cause the formation of antidrug antibodies (ADA). ADA are associated with faster drug clearance, reduced treatment efficacy and increased risk of infusion-related side effects. The aim of this study is to identify possible predictors for ADA-formation.

Methods

A time to first detection of ADA model was developed by using data from a Phase 3 clinical trial of biosimilar CT-P13 and originator infliximab comparing efficacy and safety in moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease (CD). We analyzed data from 220 patients initiating IFX. Seven subjects with ADA present at baseline were discarded. The following baseline covariates were evaluated in this analysis: age, weight, first estimated drug clearance, disease duration, dose, sex and concomitant immune-modulators. Continuous covariates were divided into lower quartile, inter-quartile range, and upper quartile bins. Kaplan-Meier survivor estimates were plotted by bin. The data was then modeled parametrically with NONMEM by constructing a full model which was further refined using the Wald’s Approximation Method algorithm. Hazard ratios and probability of ADA at time points of interest were calculated for significant covariates.

Results

Initial IFX clearance, concomitant immunomodulators and IFX dose were identified as being statistically significant predictors of the time to first ADA. The model suggested that the hazard of ADA increases by 61% for every increase on 0.1 L/day in clearance, it decreases by 41% with concomitant administration of immunomodulators and decreases by 29% for every increase in dose of 100 mg. Thus, for a patient with initial IFX clearance of 0.2 L/day, no immunomodulators and a dose of 328 mg, the average time to first ADA is 374 days (range 221–451). If clearance is 0.4 L/day under the same conditions, then ADA onset is 144.5 days (range 90–216). Increasing the starting dose to 428 mg would improve the time to onset to 203 days (range 110–337). Again, under the same conditions, adding immunomodulator would increase the time to onset to 354 days (range 214–451).

Conclusion

We have identified initial infliximab clearance as an independent predictor for onset of ADA in CD patients. Our results suggest that early assessment of clearance should guide treatment optimization with IFX in patients with CD, including the addition of concomitant immunosuppressants or increasing the dose during induction.
N03 Information flow experiences during COVID-19 in IBD patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Geens P , De Dycker E , Paps A , Lambrechts T , Sabino J , Ferrante M , Vermeire S
Published: May 2021

Background

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, several patients contacted members of the IBD team with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related questions. Some patients intended to cancel scheduled IBD clinic outpatient visits or endoscopic examinations and/or stop or postpone their medication. We surveyed the need for information by IBD patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the role of the IBD team in this regard.

Methods

We performed an anonymous survey at the IBD department of our tertiary referral center. The questionnaire contained 15 closed questions, including on basic demographic data, medication use, testing for COVID-19, information sources, and intention to stop or postpone medication or follow-up. The questionnaire was available to all adult patients attending the IBD outpatient clinic and infusion unit from July 1st until October 30th 2020. All questionnaires were collected before the second COVID-19 wave. Patients on subcutaneous medication that did not attend the IBD clinic during these months were contacted via e-mail.

Results

We collected 965 questionnaires. The majority of patients (44.3%) was 18–40 years old. There were more patients with Crohn’s disease (66%) than ulcerative colitis (32%) and IBD unclassified (2%). Demographics and medication use are presented in table 1. A third of the patients (31.7%) was tested for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 8.3% tested positive. Twenty-six percent of patients considered they had higher need for information about COVID-19 than the general population. News websites were a source of information about COVID-19 for 52.5% of patients, followed by hospital websites (43.8%), direct contact with the IBD physician (24.6%), direct contact with the IBD nurse (23.1%), and state sponsored websites (20.9%). In fact, 35.9% of patients contacted the IBD nurse since the start of the pandemic. The majority of patients reported they were satisfied by the information (80.5%) and/or reassured (85%) by the IBD nurse. Ten percent of patients had considered to stop IBD medication due to the pandemic, and 80% of these refrained to do so following the advice of the IBD nurses. Finally, 12.5% of the patients expressed true fear of hospital visits due to the pandemic, which was associated with female gender and higher need for information.

Conclusion

Treatment cessation and anxiety could be avoided by direct interaction with the IBD nurses and in particular with the IBD nurse as first point of contact for the patient. Patients with IBD may profit from an optimized information platform with scientifically correct information addressing the concerns of this specific population.
N11 Complementary and alternative methods to improve quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic literature review
Authors: Martinato M , Comoretto R I , Zampieri A , Monaco E , Barberio B , Azzolina D , Savarino E , Gregori D
Published: May 2021

Background

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) shoved an increasing incidence in the last decade. They can occur at any age, but especially between 15 and 30. They have multifactorial aetiology, including genetic, intestinal bacterial, immunological and environmental causes. These diseases present invasive and often disabling symptoms. Typically, patients complained of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding, and frequently they present complications such as malabsorption, malnutrition, water and electrolyte imbalances accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and intestinal obstruction or stricture. Moreover, the effects of IBD extend to the systemic level, with extraintestinal manifestations generally located at the musculoskeletal apparatus, skin or eyes, as well as psychiatric complications, including depression and anxiety. There is no definitive cure for IBD, and the severity of symptoms affect patients’ well-being, compromising their quality of life (QoL) which is, in fact, generally lower as compared to healthy population. This leads patients to search for self-care methods that allow them to achieve greater control and management of the disease, i.e., complementary and alternative methods (CAMs).

Methods

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the efficacy of mind-body CAMs in improving the QoL of patients suffering from IBD. Therefore, we focused on CAMs’ impact on the psychological and physical spheres of the subjects, considering outcomes such as anxiety, depression, stress, gastrointestinal symptoms and QoL. A systematic literature review was performed consulting the online databases PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane, and Google Scholar regarding interventional studies performed in the last twenty years.

Results

312 papers were identified and 21 of them were selected according to inclusion criteria applied to title and abstract. 8 of them were then excluded after full-text assessment according to exclusion criteria. The interventions described in the 13 papers included fell within the dimension of mind-body techniques in the sphere of mindfulness and relaxation. A quantitative synthesis was not performed because, among the identified evidence, the treatment effect is never reported for more than two studies. Overall, time-correlated positive developments were recorded in all the outcomes considered in patients with a greater degree of psychological stressors at the initial assessment, guaranteed an increase in the QoL or an avoidance of impairment of QoL during flare-ups.

Conclusion

Mind-body CAMs have the potential to allow patients suffering from IBD to improve their compromised QoL. However, this area needs further investigation, carrying out more homogeneous studies, with larger samples and longer intervention and follow-up periods.
N13 Living in rural communities with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Perspectives on healthcare use and access to care from patients and providers in one Canadian province
Authors: Rohatinsky N , Russell B , Boyd I , Dickson A , Fowler S , Peña-Sánchez J N , Quintin C L , Risling T , Wicks K , Wicks M
Published: May 2021

Background

Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) requires lifelong, repeated interactions with the healthcare system. Individuals with IBD living in rural areas are often disadvantaged with limited access to IBD-related healthcare services in their local communities which can result in poor health outcomes. Furthermore, these individuals encounter additional out of pocket expenses to travel to urban centres for care. There is limited information about the experiences of access to IBD-related care from the perspectives of patients and providers living in rural communities. The purpose of this study was to examine healthcare utilization and access to care in individuals with IBD who reside in rural areas within one Canadian province.

Methods

The qualitative results from a larger patient-oriented, mixed methods study will be reported. Seventeen individuals residing in rural communities from one Canadian province were recruited to participate. Fourteen individuals living with IBD and three healthcare providers were interviewed and shared their experiences on IBD-related access to care and healthcare use. Data was collected prior to the pandemic. Interview data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes.

Results

Many participants identified access to care challenges associated with living in rural communities. Communication, stressors and support systems, and coordination of care were identified as themes. Participants described disconnects in communication with and between healthcare providers. They suggested virtual technology was underutilized and was a cost-effective means to enhance communication. Participants experienced feelings of isolation and identified stressors while living in rural areas. They recommended the integration of formal and informal supports to ease stressors and promote mental well-being. Participants reported gaps in care and described a lack of accessible, multidisciplinary rural healthcare providers to optimize their IBD-related care and health outcomes. This lack of access to rural care resulted in frequent travel to access a variety of services. Recruitment and retention of rural care providers was identified as a strategy to enhance access to care.

Conclusion

Participants offered many suggestions to improve rural IBD-related care access within the healthcare system. These initiatives have great potential to increase quality of care, enhance quality of life, and reduce health system costs.
OP04 Safety analysis of filgotinib for Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the phase 2b/3 SELECTION study and phase 3 SELECTIONLTE long-term extension study
Authors: Schreiber S W , Watanabe M , Yun C , Zhou Y , Zhao S , Hsieh J , Moerch U , Rogler G , Loftus Jr E V
Published: May 2021

Background

Filgotinib (FIL) is an oral preferential Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor in development for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. FIL for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) was evaluated in the phase 2b/3, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled SELECTION study (NCT02914522) and its long-term extension (LTE) study (NCT02914535). Here we report safety results from the FIL UC program.

Methods

Patients received FIL 100 mg, FIL 200 mg or PBO (2:2:1) once daily orally for up to 11 weeks for induction (cohort 1). At week 11, FIL induction responders were rerandomized 2:1 to continue FIL or receive PBO maintenance for 47 weeks (cohort 2). Week 10 non-responders and patients with worsening disease during the maintenance study were eligible for open-label FIL in the LTE. Patients completing the maintenance study could continue blinded dosing in the LTE. Cohort 3 comprised cohorts 1 and 2 and the LTE. Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) and exposure-adjusted event rates (EAERs) per 100 patient-years (PYs) were calculated for treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) by treatment group in cohorts 1 and 2 (EAIR) and cohort 3 (EAER).

Results

In cohort 1, 1069 patients received FIL and 279 patients received PBO; baseline characteristics were generally similar across treatment groups (overall mean age, 43 years; mean UC duration, 8.4 years; mean Mayo Clinic Score, 9.0). EAIRs for AEs of interest were similar across treatment groups in cohorts 1 and 2 (Table 1). Treatment exposure for PBO, FIL 100 mg or FIL 200 mg in cohort 3 (i.e. cohorts 1 + 2 + the LTE) was 318, 360 and 1207 PYs, and median treatment duration was 12, 11 and 67 weeks, respectively. One case of pulmonary embolism occurred with FIL 200 mg induction and three venous thrombosis cases occurred with PBO maintenance/LTE (cohort 3) (Table 2). EAERs for all infections were similar across treatment groups, the most common being nasopharyngitis (Table 2). Opportunistic infections were rare. EAERs for serious infections were low across treatment groups (2.2 [PBO], 3.5 [FIL 100 mg], 2.2 [FIL 200 mg]), the most common being appendicitis (Table 2). EAERs for herpes zoster (HZ) were low in all treatment groups (0.3 [PBO], 0.3 [FIL 100 mg], 1.8 [FIL 200 mg]) (Table 2). HZ infections were cutaneous only and only one was serious. EAIRs for all infections in cohorts 1 and 2 were generally numerically higher for both PBO and FIL in patients over (vs under) 65 years old and in those with (vs without) biologic treatment failure (Figure 1).

Conclusion

FIL was well tolerated in patients with UC. Aggregation of AEs typical for pan-JAK inhibition was not observed, consistent with preferential JAK-1 inhibition with FIL.
OP36 Risankizumab therapy induces improvements in endoscopic endpoints in patients with Moderate-to-Severe Crohn’s Disease: Results from the phase 3 ADVANCE and MOTIVATE studies
Authors: Bossuyt P , Ferrante M , Baert F , Danese S , Feagan B G , Loftus Jr E V , Panés J , Peyrin-Biroulet L , Ran Z , Armuzzi A , D’Haens G R , Song A , Neimark E , Liao X , Zhou Q , Berg S , Wallace K , Panaccione R
Published: May 2021

Background

Endoscopic healing has become a critical treatment target in Crohn’s disease (CD). Risankizumab (RZB), a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody against the p19 subunit of interleukin 23, is being investigated as a treatment for moderate-to-severe CD. This analysis assessed different endoscopic endpoints in patients treated with RZB induction therapy in two double-blind, randomised, placebo (PBO)-controlled studies (ADVANCE [NCT03104413] and MOTIVATE [NCT03105128]).

Methods

Patients with moderate-to-severe CD (CD Activity Index [CDAI] of 220–450, Simple Endoscopic Score for CD [SES-CD] ≥ 6 [≥ 4 for isolated ileal disease] excluding the narrowing component, and average daily [liquid/very soft] stool frequency [SF] ≥ 4 and/or average daily abdominal pain [AP] score ≥ 2) who had demonstrated prior inadequate response or intolerance to conventional and/or biologic treatment (ADVANCE) or to biologic treatment (MOTIVATE) were randomised 2:2:1 (ADVANCE) or 1:1:1 (MOTIVATE) to receive intravenous (IV) RZB 600 mg, RZB 1200 mg, or PBO at weeks 0, 4, and 8. This analysis evaluated the proportion of patients who achieved endoscopic remission ulcer-free endoscopy (ie, absence of ulcers), and composite endpoints of CDAI clinical response and endoscopic response, and enhanced clinical response and endoscopic response at week 12 (endpoints defined in Figure 1 footnotes). All endoscopies were centrally read by a blinded reviewer. Safety was assessed throughout the studies.

Results

In ADVANCE and MOTIVATE, 850 and 569 patients, respectively, were randomised and included in the intent-to-treat population for this analysis. At week 12 greater proportions of RZB- vs PBO-treated patients in both studies achieved endoscopic remission (P ≤ .001), ulcer-free endoscopy (P ≤ .01), CDAI clinical response and endoscopic response (P ≤ .001), and enhanced clinical response and endoscopic response (P ≤ .001; Figure 1). Treatment with RZB 600 mg or 1200 mg was well tolerated, and no new safety risks were identified.1,2

Conclusion

Induction therapy with IV RZB 600 mg or 1200 mg resulted in improved outcomes at week 12 compared with PBO as assessed by endoscopy and by composite endoscopic-clinical endpoints in patients with moderate-to-severe CD.

References
P027 Epithelial cells of patients with ulcerative colitis do not show an increased sensitivity after microbiota stimulation compared to non-IBD controls
Authors: Arnauts K , Lapierre C , Verstockt B , Verstockt S , Sudhakar P , Vermeire S , Verfaillie C , Sabino J , Ferrante M
Published: May 2021

Background

Alterations in the intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Although there is a lot of interest in restoring dysbiosis, the effects of microbial alterations are not fully understood. In addition, it is known that epithelial cells from IBD patients maintain intrinsic defects1. For that reason, our aim was to unravel if epithelial cells of UC patients are more sensitive towards microbiota stimulation, compared to non-IBD controls.

Methods

Intestinal organoids of UC patients (n=8) and non-IBD controls (n=8) were grown as monolayers on Transwell inserts. Upon confluency (evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)), monolayers were stimulated for 24 hours with TNF-α (100 ng/ml), IL-1β (20 ng/ml) and Flagellin (1 µg/ml) to mimic inflammation. Fresh fecal samples of a selected donor (n=1, high microbial cell count and presence of selected phyla2) and UC patients (n=3, endoscopic sub-mayo ≥2) were filtered and stored in 0.9% NaCl. Monolayers were stimulated for 6 hours with 3.108 microbial cells (cell count by Flow Cytometry). RNA sequencing was performed by Truseq for Illumina. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were studied by DESeq2 (FDR <0.05).

Results

Although TEER measurements indicated a higher epithelial cell permeability upon UC microbiota stimulation in UC patients compared to non-IBD controls (p=0.038; Mann-Whitney; Figure 1), we could not confirm this distinct response based on RNA sequencing data at principal component analysis (PCA). Several epithelial barrier genes were significantly upregulated between UC and non-IBD epithelium at nominal p-value, while only CLDN1 and 18 were significant for FDR <0.05 (Figure 2). Clustering on PCA was driven by microbial treatment and not by epithelial origin (Figure 3). Inflamed monolayers of UC patients showed different baseline characteristics (129 DEG; e.g. HLA-G, MUC2, CLDN1, IL23A, PARP8; Figure 4A), but did not propagate in a different response upon microbiota exposure compared to non-IBD controls. Treatment with microbiota of UC patients (23 DEG; e.g. PARP9, TGFBI, ANXA13) or the selected donor (58 DEG; e.g. CCL5, CLDN18, TGFBI) only induced minor differences between epithelial cell types (Figure 4B).

Conclusion

We observed no different response in epithelial cells of UC patients towards microbiota stimulation compared to non-IBD epithelial cells on transcriptomic level. Further validation on barrier integrity is needed. We observed no indications that microbial treatment would be less beneficial to UC patients, based on the epithelial cell response. Addition of (patient specific) immune cells will contribute to unraveling host-microbiota interactions in IBD patients.

References