bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine Torovirus and Other Enteric Microorganisins in Feces from Clinical Cases of Gastroenteritis in Cattle
Authors: Hoet A. E. , Wittum T. E. , Saif L. J.
Published: February 2023

Bovine Torovirus (BoTV or bredavirus) is an uncultivable, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that causes diarrhea in calves. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of BoTV in bovine fecal samples from clinical cases of gastroenteritis sent to the Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL), and its rate of detection with other enteric pathogens.
Assessing the Associations Among Facility Design and Management Practices and Drug Use in Ontario Free-Stall Dairy Herds
Authors: Léger D. , Kelton D. , Lissemore K. , Martin S. W.
Published: February 2023

In recent years, issues centered on drug use in food producing animals have emerged as major food safety concerns in this agricultural sector. The dairy industry must adopt practical management strategies that minimize drug use in cattle. These strategies need to be identified and must focus on husbandry practices and facility design that minimize animal stress, and that contain specific biosecurity, sanitation and nutritional recommendations to minimize disease-and therefore drug use-in food animals.
Pings
Authors: Nowrouzian I. , Kalantari - Khandani A. , Nadalian M. Gh. , Dehghan M. M.
Published: February 2023

Ping sound is one of the clinical signs of abdominal disorders in cattle with variable frequency and intensity. Practitioners are bound to be fully aware of differential diagnoses. Although reports show that pings are accepted as a key diagnostic indicator for most gastrointestinal conditions, their reliability remains controversial.1,2 The present retrospective study was aimed to assess predictability of the pings as a logical and practical tool for obtaining the correct diagnosis.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Ceftiofur to Oxytetracycline for Treatment of Acute Puerperal Metritis in Cows
Authors: Schmitt Eric J. , Boucher Joseph F. , Van den Eede Chris A,. , Chenault John R. , Van Oye Sophie N. , Maes Veerle J.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this randomized study was to evaluate the efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel® RTU) administered subcutaneously at the daily dose of 1.0 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight (BW) (0.45 mg/lb) for five days for the treatment of acute puerperal metritis in cows in Europe. This treatment was compared to a control of oxytetracycline hydrochloride administered intramuscularly at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (4.5 mg/lb) for five days, an antibiotic registered for treatment of metritis in Europe.
Johne's Disease in the Maritime Districts of Canada
Authors: Van Schaik G. , Schukken Y. H. , Contreras M. , VanLeeuwen J. A. , Keefe G. P.
Published: February 2023

Ignoring the limited precision of diagnostic tests can incur serious bias in prevalence (P) estimation. Most studies treat the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of the tests as constants. This will result in an underestimation of the variability of P. Bayesian inference provides a natural framework with which to integrate the variability in the estimates of SE and SP with estimation of P.1
Multi-location Clinical Study of Ceftiofur for the Treatment of Postpartum Cows with Elevated Temperature and other Complications
Authors: Zhou Chun , Boucher Joseph F. , Dame Kenneth J.
Published: February 2023

Dairy cows face the biggest challenges at freshening. The so-called "postpartum disease complex" consists of ketosis, displaced abomasum, hypocalcemia, mastitis, milk fever and postpartum or puerperal metritis. These occur around calving. Selecting an appropriate treatment is challenging and debatable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ceftiofur in postpartum cows with elevated temperatures and other complications on their health and milk production under field conditions worldwide.
Rendering Farm Mortalities
Authors: Kirstein Dave
Published: February 2023

Service charges for the collection and rendering of farm/feedlot cattle mortalities have become common practice and have increased most notably in the past three years. The loss of cattle by-product value is primarily responsible for this trend. Further loss of byproduct value is anticipated following the implementation of rules that are currently being proposed by the USDA to restrict additional cattle by-products from the food/feed chain. However, the collection and rendering of cattle mortalities will most likely remain the most appropriate environmental, biosecure and traceable means of disposal. Therefore, it is important to handle cattle mortalities in a manner that optimizes their remaining value. A number of practices that veterinarians and their clients perform can have a substantial impact upon the cattle by-product value. Cooperation with local renderers regarding these practices can help stabilize future disposal fees.
NYSCHAP
Authors: Ellis Roger G.
Published: February 2023

The New York State Cattle Health Assurance Program (NYSCHAP) is a voluntary program of the Division of Animal Industry of the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets that creates a team including the producer, herd veterinarian, government veterinarians, universities, extension and agricultural related businesses. The team gathers history, current facts, goals, and concerns as well as performs a risk assessment of the animal production unit. From this information a mutually discussed and agreed upon herd plan is developed incorporating "best management practices" to minimize risk, enhance production and performance as well as address environmental issues. The herd becomes a NYSCHAP Herd and the plan is reviewed regularly by the herd veterinarian and annually by the team.
Relationship of Polyarthritis and Respiratory Disease in Cattle
Authors: Clark Ted
Published: February 2023

Nearly 15 years' experience with a chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome (CPPS) in western Canadian feedlots is described. Emphasis in this presentation is on the postmortem and laboratory diagnosis of CPPS. Mycoplasma bovis is the most consistent etiologic agent isolated, but in the author's experience and opinion, chronic primary BVDV infection likely plays a significant role in predisposing to this antibiotic-unresponsive infectious disease problem. The syndrome appears to be a problem throughout North America and is an increasing problem in some dairy herds as well. The Haemophilus somnus disease complex (HSDC) is a less-common cause of concurrent respiratory and joint infections and is much simpler to diagnose.
Optimizing Reproductive Efficiency in the Beef Herd
Authors: Horstman L. A.
Published: February 2023

It is generally accepted that improving the fertility of a beef herd has the greatest potential for increased profitability. Optimum is a term used to define the best or most favorable condition, degree or amount for a particular situation.18 Therefore, optimizing rather than maximizing reproductive efficiency offers the greatest potential for increased profitability in the beef herd. Maximizing reproductive efficiency and attaining a 100 percent conception rate on a yearly basis may be attainable, but the input costs necessary to attain this rate may not be justified from an economic standpoint.

This paper is not meant to be an all-inclusive review of methods to improve reproductive efficiency; rather, methods to increase inherent fertility and environmental factors that play key roles in fertility will be discussed.
Observations of Management Intensive Grazing and Forage Management
Authors: Lubben Dave
Published: February 2023

Management Intensive Grazing is a tool we have developed over the years to harvest forages on our 1400-acre farming operation. Our family-owned corporation consists of my father and one employee, and includes 400 acres in corn, 400 acres in soybeans, 160 acres in hay and 500 acres in pasture. We have 220 beef cows and a 400-head finishing feedlot.

Since adopting Management Intensive Grazing in 1989, it has evolved into an integral part of our operation. Today we have 12 major paddocks subdivided into 50 smaller paddocks, through which our 220 cows are rotated in four to five cycles.
Feedlot Diagnostics and Common Sense
Authors: Glock Robert D.
Published: February 2023

Approaches to feedlot diagnostics continually change as new information becomes available to managers, veterinarians and diagnosticians. Record keeping has evolved to a point where considerable precise information regarding performance, demographics and health issues can be quickly generated. Diagnostic laboratories continue to develop more precise techniques for detecting pathogens, deficiencies and tissue damage. The role of the attending veterinarian becomes more challenging and demanding because production costs and performance issues dictate the need for better health performance. Only the on-site veterinarian can provide the skill needed to decide what information is needed and to assimilate that information into useful decision-making. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests must be viewed with perspective to avoid being misled into over-interpreting diagnostic information.
Influence of Barn Design on Dairy Cow Hygiene, Lameness and Udder Health
Authors: Cook Nigel B.
Published: February 2023

A system of hygiene scoring is described which charts the distribution of manure over three areas of the body; udder, lower legs, and upper leg and flank. The practical relevance of quantifying hygiene is described in relation to the prevalence of mastitis and lameness. Aspects of freestall and tiestall design which impact hygiene and lying times are reviewed and the link between cow comfort and lameness is explored.
Increasing Your Practice's Output and Better Serving your Clients Utilizing a Veterinarian/Technician Team Approach
Authors: Day John D. , Kral Jannell
Published: February 2023

It is a common desire of many veterinarians practicing in animal agriculture to be able to add to the bottom line of the livestock operation that they work for by consulting with the producer in ways to improve management of their operation, commonly called production medicine. Yet many practitioners who have stated a desire to provide additional production medicine services to clients are not successful in implementing these services, partly due to a lack of time. One avenue to create the time necessary to provide extra services is the utilization of the veterinarian/technician team approach. Along with improving the beef quality of producer's career-change dairy cattle, this approach has increased the efficiency of the veterinary services provided, which saves the livestock operation money. Ultimately it allows for more services to be provided by the veterinarian/technician team, such as developing standard operating procedures and treatment protocols, implementing and monitoring programs, conducting field trials, and a myriad of other services. The ability to increase a practice's output and better serve clients increases the veterinarian and technician job satisfaction and increases the client's satisfaction with the practice and the total return to their operation.
Veterinary Practice Act
Authors: Smith Frances O.
Published: February 2023

Each state has a Veterinary Practice Act with statutes and rules in effect.
Principles of Bovine Pharmacology
Authors: Wagner Sarah
Published: February 2023

Certain considerations must be taken into account whenever one decides to administer a drug to a food animal. Some issues are relevant to drug use in any species, while others are specific for drug use in food animals. General principles of drug use in food animals are discussed, including withholding time, appropriateness of drug choice, and the potential for adverse effects. Some specific drug classes and compounds are discussed in order to provide examples of the factors that go into therapeutic decision-making.
Evaluation of Alternate Year Vaccination Practices in a Cow-Calf Herd
Authors: Marsh Todd , Chase Chris
Published: February 2023

Yearly vaccination of cow herds for reproductive diseases is the norm in US cattle industry. There has been controversy throughout veterinary medicine about vaccination of animals. Theoretically, a single dose of modified live vaccine has been claimed to give life-long immunity. Because there have not been multiple year duration studies in cattle, the long-term efficacy of cow vaccinations has been difficult to assess. In this study we divided a 1000-cow herd into three groups: 1) vaccination every year, 2) vaccination every other year, and 3) vaccination every third year. The herd production records and serology of the herd were subsequently evaluated.
Does Calfbood Infection with Cryptosporidium Impact Future Performance of Dairy Heifers?
Authors: Nydam Daryl , Schaaf Stephanie L. , Wade Susan , Mohammed Hussni
Published: February 2023

Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic, parasitic protozoa that is of interest to livestock producers, veterinarians, and public health officials. It is the most prevalent pathogen isolated from diarrheic calves according to published reports. The financial impact of cryptosporidium on the performance of dairy herds is unknown. This study sought to determine whether calfhood cryptosporidiosis has an effect on future performance of dairy heifers.
Risk of Drinking-water Outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis in Humans Caused by Cattle in Watersheds
Authors: Nydam Daryl V. , Lindergard Gabbi , Wade Susan E. , Schaaf Stephanie L. , Mohammed Hussni O.
Published: February 2023

There are at least two genotypes of Cryptosporidium paruum in nature-one that has only been isolated from humans (the H genotype) and one that has been isolated from a large range of mammals, including cattle and humans (the C genotype). By virtue of their presence in watersheds and the potential for water contamination with manure, cattle have often been implicated as a source of oocysts for human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis.

A recent review of drinking-water outbreaks in North America indicated that none in the United States and only one in British Columbia, Canada were associated with the C genotype. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine prevalence of C. paruum genotypes Hand C in dairy herds in the New York City Watershed (NYCW) and illustrate the risk posed by cattle to water-drinkers in this area.
Behavioral and Physiologic Responses to Tail Docking in Calves and Preparturient Heifers
Authors: Schreiner D. A. , Ruegg P. L.
Published: February 2023

Many dairy farmers utilize tail docking because they believe it improves milking hygiene and increases the comfort of milking personnel. Few studies have been conducted to determine behavioral and physiological effects of tail docking in dairy cattle, and the optimal age to remove tails is unknown. Our study's objectives were to determine: 1) behavioral and hormonal effects of tail banding with rubber rings one month prior to first parturition in dairy heifers, both with and without use of an epidural and 2) to determine the behavioral response to tail banding using rubber rings on calves 1- 6 weeks of age.
Abomasal and Duodenal Activity Alterations in Periparturient Dairy Cattle
Authors: Malone Erin , Marti Nathan , Madill Scott , Fahning Melvyn
Published: February 2023

Abomasal dysfunction is theorized to underlie development of abomasal displacements. Abomasal function studies in healthy animals have not shown a conclusive role for diet, hypocalcemia, or neuroendocrine factors in altering abomasal motility. However, none of the studies were performed in the periparturient cow. The goal of this pilot project was to detect any significant alterations within the peripartum period in either antral or duodenal myoelectrical activity. We hypothesized healthy cows would not show significant alterations either during mid-lactation (as previously described) or between pre- and postpartum periods.
Monitoring Lactating and Non-lactating Cow Udder Infection Dynamics Using Individual Cow Somatic Cell Counts
Authors: Cook Nigel B. , Bennett Tom B. , Emery Kathy M. , Nordlund Ken
Published: February 2023

It is clear that the non-lactating period is an extremely important time for occurrence of new intramammary infections, particularly with environmental pathogens. A low-cost method of monitoring this period, using somatic cell count (SCC) measurement immediately before and after the non-lactating period, would be very useful and would obviate the need for costly bacteriology.
GENDERING MUSICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Asare Amos Darkwa
Published: February 2023

In this article, I apply a gendered analysis to a healing phenomenon understood through indigenous musical performances in a ritual context. Ghanaian indigenous music has been widely researched and documented, however, a contextual analysis of the gendered musical roles associated with the healing rituals of the Twelve Apostles Church (TAC) is scant. In this research, the data was obtained from six congregations of the TAC, between 2014 to 2019. Based on participation, observations and interviews, the analysis is a description of how music is gendered in the indigenous healing rituals of the TAC. The main question I seek to answer is: how is gender constructed and how are the gender roles ascribed to musical performances in the healing rituals of the TAC? In answering this question, I discuss the cultural interpretations ascribed to gender in a musically informed healing ritual. The findings revealed that in the TAC, singing is mostly initiated by females who sing about illnesses. Males, on the other hand, are mostly in charge of playing the dondo, an hourglass drum. However, the mfoba, an enmeshed rattle is played by both males and females and it is the mfoba that aids spirit possession. Spirit possession is an integral part of the healing rituals of the TAC and females are more susceptible to being possessed by spirits than males. Based on various rules I argue that the healing ritual of the TAC is based on complementary rather than opposing musical roles of males and females.
HYBRIDITY IN MODERN NIGERIAN MUSIC
Authors: Obijiaku Chidi
Published: February 2023

Igbo choral art music is a Nigerian genre that exhibits interesting musical hybridity as it combines a notated choral part with an un-notated orchestral part into a final musical artwork. The notated choral part is produced by the composer through a synthesis of Igbo traditional music and European classical music, while the orchestral part, based on Igbo traditional music practices, is produced by the choral director. For over five decades scholarly discussions on Igbo choral art music have focused on the notated choral part and how composers blend European classical music and Igbo traditional music principles. Although the choral part is significant, my more than two decades of participation in the genre as well as interviews with leading practitioners reveal that without the orchestral part, a composition is considered incomplete by both the practitioners and the audience. Such a critical aspect of the genre has received little to no academic attention. This article is an autoethnographic report on the orchestration principles of Igbo choral art music, its relationship with Igbo traditional music, and how such orchestration contributes to hybridity as a fundamental resource in the genre’s development.
TRANSCENDING THE SONIC AND THE TEXTUAL
Authors: Njoku Obianuju Akunna
Published: February 2023

Among Muslim women in predominantly Islamic societies, music-making remains a contested subject. At the core of these contestations are questions of boundaries, agency, taboos, resistance, and generalisations of the socio-musical experiences of Muslim women. This article explores the development of senwele music, a socio-religious music form of the Ilorin in northern Nigeria, from its origin as orin-kengbe (calabash music) to its transition into a translocal music form. Given influences of the Yoruba, Hausa-Fulani, and Islam, senwele music is examined as a compendium of history; one that is not only reflective of the Ilorin traditional music scene, but also the north-south dualism in Ilorin, tensions in music-making and Islam, and regio-political remapping in Nigeria. Based on fieldwork with a major exponent of senwele, Alhaja Iya Aladuke, and her music group in Ilorin, the article explores the practice, ambivalences, convivialities and sustainability of senwele music performance within its predominantly Islamic context. I argue that while established societal conventions, such as those in Ilorin, function as a standard for the acceptance of music, a woman musician such as Alhaja Iya Aladuke continues to thrive through a musician-community exchange that takes into cognisance the sensibilities of the people while retaining their patronage and her artistic autonomy. Beyond its sonic, textual, and entertainment prerogatives, the sustained practice of senwele music in Ilorin presents a continuum for interrogating and negotiating cross-cultural encounters, socio-religious binaries, gender boundaries, and the multiplicity in the socio-musical experiences of Muslim women.
LEO PALAYENG
Authors: Jadinon Rémy
Published: February 2023

This article examines the historical and sociological processes that led to the electronification of traditional Acholi musical repertoires in the northern region of Uganda. Akena P’Layeng Okella, also known as Leo Palayeng, is presented as a leading figure in this transformation of traditional music to electronic music, which has become known as Acholitronix. Palayeng is also my main interlocutor. Through Palayeng’s biography, the influence of digital technology in the production, distribution, and reception of musical traditions is discussed. The new, digitised repertoire was first integrated into wedding ceremonies, and then played in bars and clubs in the city. It finally reached the international, alternative electronic club scene. This process of transformation in the repertoire is part of a long history of local and international musical influences in Uganda. The extent to which information and communication technologies have played a decisive role in the dissemination of musical genres, the adoption or adaptation of musical instruments and techniques, and the creation of local, national, or even pan-African musical identities since the 1980s, is described in the article. The place that these forms of digital musical traditions have on online platforms is also discussed. Based on these observations, the contours of the transformation and switch from the acoustic to the electronic – while being considered by the actors as being the same music – are described.
Brand loyalty as a competitive advantage for South African banks
Authors: Bisschoff Christo , Els Dries
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the role of brand loyalty in South African banking. More specifically, the study identifies brand loyalty factors in South Africa’s banking industry. Brand loyalty can significantly impact a bank’s competitiveness. Loyal customers do not switch banks and use more banking products; this earns a better income for a bank in the long run (such as home loans). The study’s primary aim is to identify factors of brand loyalty in South African banks. Data were gathered from South African banking customers using a Google Forms digitized format questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. More than 1,000 questionnaires were distributed, and 150 completed questionnaires were returned (representing a 15% response rate). The results show that the data are suitable for multivariate analysis. It has an adequate sample (Kaiser, Meyer and Olkin measure > 0.70), acceptable sphericity (p ≤ 0.05), and satisfactory reliability (α ≥ 0.70). The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors explaining a cumulative variance of 55%. These factors are: 1) customer service and satisfaction (34%); 2) negative publicity (7.5%); 3) regulatory compliance and trust (7.1%); and 4) trust and reputation (6.5%). South African bank managers can use the results to focus their brand loyalty strategies on their quest to be more competitive to face the strong competition in the banking industry.
Investigating Challenges of Mobile Money usage in the Central Business District of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Adum- Ghana
Authors: Lambongang James Mado
Published: February 2023

A descriptive cross-sectional design approach was deployed using a structured questionnaire underpinning the research objective to collect data from mobile money users and non-users within the Business District Centre of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Adum. The purposive random selection technique was used to choose a sample size of 59. This study seeks to investigate the challenges encountered by patrons of mobile money and examine their behaviour and attitudes towards the usage of mobile money transactions. The study identified seven (7) challenges, namely, financial, security, privacy, performance, time, convenience, and psychological, with performance, security, and privacy challenges being the most prevalent. The low transaction limits due to inadequate constant liquidity flow (cash and e-float) by agents affect consumers who wish to transact more than being offered; unwarranted delays experienced by customers and merchants due to incomplete payment process are some of the causative challenges of mobile money transaction; and invasion of privacy and defamation are among major. Fraudsters use the fear and anxiety of customers’ personal details in the hands of a third party, especially when the mobile money accounts are linked to clients’ bank accounts. The effect of inconvenience and delays in transactions are pointers to a duplicated transaction. It is recommended that service charges be lowered to their minimum rates, ensure a reliable mobile money system for consumers through system upgrades, and service providers ensure that personal details remain private to avoid consumer-driven fraud by inadvertently making pin codes known to third parties. Keywords: Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA), Mobile Money, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory.
Liuwei Dihuang Decoction Drug-containing Serum Attenuates
Transforming Growth Factor-β1-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal
Transition in HK-2 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB/Snail Signaling Pathway
Authors: Pan Jiajun , Jiang Yichen , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Haiying , Wang Xi , Luo Chao , Wang Hui , Tang Miao , Pei Gang , Tang Qun
Published: February 2023

Objectives::

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays an important role
in regulating tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an indispensable cellular programme
for driving organ fibrosis and tumor progression. Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (LWD) is an
effective Chinese formula for treating chronic renal failure.

Methods::

First, by using morphological examination, immunofluorescence staining assay, RTqPCR,
and Western blot analysis, in vitro experiments were designed to analyze NF-κB and EMT
markers (including Snail, α-SMA, and E-cadherin) in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)
induced renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and to detect the expression levels of LWD-CS cotreatment.
Then, the recombinant lentiviral vector was overexpressed and knocked down by NF-
κB and transfected into HK-2 cells. Cells were treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) with blank serum
or LWD-containing serum, respectively, and the expression of these molecules in the NF-κB/Snail
signaling pathway was further evaluated.

Results::

Our results confirmed that TGF-β1 could induce EMT, nuclear translocation of NF-κB
p65, and activate the NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway in HK-2 cells.
Furthermore, NF-κB knocked-down dramatically increases the TGF-β1-induced mRNA and protein
expression level of E-cadherin and reduces the level of Snail and α-SMA; this is reversed by
NF-κB overexpression. LWD can decrease the EMT levels through the NF-κB/Snail signaling
activation in TGF-β1-induced EMT of HK-2 cells.

Conclusion::

The present study provides evidence suggesting a novel mechanism that LWD exerts
anti-fibrosis effects through inhibiting activation of the NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway and consequently
downregulating the TGF-β1-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells.
Kashk and Doogh: The Yogurt-based National Persian Products
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: February 2023

In this mini-review article, two important dairies which can be considered as functional
foods from west and center of Asia, particularly Iran, have been discussed. Doogh and kashkh
are considered as national drinks in Iran, and have tremendous health benefits. The goal of this
manuscript is to survey the principal roles of Doosh and Kash as natural products in the modern
era. All relevant information was searched for terms of Doogh, Kashk, black kashk, and traditional
drinks from reliable databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.
Doogh is the national Iranian traditional fermented drink produced from diluted yoghurt in dairy
manufacturing units. Doogh, an acidic drink, is flavored with dried mint and rose or other spices.
It may provide high quality protein, vitamins, calcium, and minerals such potassium and magnesium.
It is a good source of probiotics, the healthy bacteria that may aid the gut, and improve the
immune system. The most important microbes in Doogh are Streptococcus thermophilus and
Lactobacillus delbriuekii sp. bulgaricus. Kashk is a typical dairy product served in the Middle
East, mainly in Iran, made from sour milk. It is available as a liquid or in a dried form, which is
important to be soaked and softened before it can be utilized in cooking. Numerous alcohols, aldehyds,
alkenes, alkanes, esters, sulfur compounds, FFAs, ketones, and terpenes were detected in
dried kashk, and the most common volatile compounds reported in kashk samples were two sulfur
compounds (carbon disulfide, disulfide dimethyl), two alkanes (tetradecane, hexadecane),
one terpene (dl-limonene), one aldehyde (nonanal), and methyl naphthalene. Both Doogh and
kashk are dominant sources of protein and minerals in comparison with milk with ability to hold
them longer, which can be considered as functional foods.
Detection of Food Contaminants using Nanotechnology - A Mini Review
Authors: Rajendraprasad Sakthi Devi , Girigoswami Agnishwar , Chakraborty Swati , Girigoswami Koyeli
Published: February 2023

Ingestion of microbial-contaminated food causes severe health issues due to the outburst
of serious foodborne diseases. To prevent these situations, sensitive and precise detection
of toxins and identification of pathogenic microbes are very important in today’s world. Different
types of toxins include natural, chemical, and metal toxins. Based on their origin, natural toxins
are classified into biotoxins which are produced by microorganisms (algal, bacteria, fungal),
animal toxins, and phytotoxins. Researchers enabled the use of nanomaterials in biosensors, enhancing
sensitivity, stability, and specificity. Nanomaterials like gold, silver, carbon nanotubes,
graphene, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots were commonly used to develop biosensors.
Thus, this mini-review summarizes the old conventional and new analytical methods for detecting
a few natural toxins present in different food samples.
A Review: Drug Excipient Iincompatiblity by Ftir Spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Chander , Rao Komal , Yadav Nikita , Bansal Nidhi , Vashist Yogesh , Kumari Shalini , Chugh Palak
Published: February 2023

For the development of various formulations, it is necessary to check out the drug excipient incompatibility. Whether the drug is compatible with the excipient or not. Because the drug excipient interaction study provides stability data of the drug and shelf life of the drug. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is the best method to evaluate the drug excipient incompatibility study. The FTIR spectroscopy theory is based on the idea that molecules have a tendency to absorb particular light frequencies that are unique to the corresponding structure of the molecules. The energies depend on the atomic masses, the related vibronic coupling, and the geometry of the molecular surfaces. For instance, the molecule may be able to absorb the energy present in the incident light, which will cause it to rotate more quickly or vibrate more loudly. In this article, a list of various drugs with different excipients was discussed. This review emphasizes on various examples of drug interaction with a number of excipients on the basis of Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy data which is based on last 10-12 year research paper, and the principle ,working, applications of infrared spectroscopy were also discussed.
Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Essential Oil Concentration in Microemulsion
with Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity: An Overview
Authors: Upadhyay Prashant , Malik Pooja , Upadhyay Sukirti
Published: February 2023

The tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a member of the Myrtaceae family, is a valuable medicinal
and aromatic plant. Tea Tree essential oil (TTO) has many medical applications, including antibacterial,
antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Although the concentration of TTO in a microemulsion is of economic interest, very few studies
on this product have been conducted. In this study, we look at how different tea tree oil concentrations
in microemulsion formulations affect susceptibility to various bacteria and fungi. TTO susceptibility
in a diverse range of microbial species has now been studied using data from a previously published
literature review survey. Most bacteria are resistant to TTO at concentrations as low as 1.0 percent,
but mucosal skin staphylococci and micrococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have minimum inhibitory concentrations much higher than 2 percent. TTO susceptibility in fungi has
only recently been scrutinized. Fungicidal dosages range from 0.12 to 2 percent, with minimum inhibitory
concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 percent and the only notable exception is Aspergillus
niger, which contains fungicidal concentrations of up to 8%. The review emphasizes the importance of
new antibacterial and antifungal formulations, as well as the role of natural essential oils in the discovery
of new antibacterial and antifungal agents, and discusses, in brief, all constituents derived from
the essential oil (tea tree) that are in preclinical and clinical development. This paper summarizes human
and food-borne bacteria and fungi susceptibility to tea tree essential oils and their constituents.
Among the many tested, essential oils of spices and herbs (Melaleuca alternifolia) were found to have
the strongest antimicrobial properties. This review looks at a wide range of scientific literature, including
Sci-hub, Google Scholar, Pub, Chem, NCBI, and web books.
One Case of Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome Associated with Liver
Cirrhosis
Authors: Li Dong Mei , He Huan
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is featured by hypopituitarism and
a classic triad of absence or slender pituitary stalk, absence or ectopic posterior lobe, and hypoplasia of
the anterior lobe. Hypopituitarism, which induces hormone deficiencies, is associated with non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cirrhosis.

Case Presentation:

A 29-year-old male patient was presented with intermittent nosebleeds and underdeveloped
secondary sexual characteristics. Laboratory examination revealed low gonadal hormone,
thyroxine, and cortisol levels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an interrupted pituitary stalk, ectopic
posterior pituitary, and hypoplastic anterior pituitary. PSIS was confirmed. Liver cirrhosis was
supported by bilirubin metabolism disorder, abnormal coagulation, the varicose vein of the esophagus
and fundus of the stomach, hypersplenism, and signs on a computer tomography scan. He received
glucocorticoid, levothyroxine, androgen, and human chorionic gonadotropin supplements, and growth
hormone was not given because of poverty. Five months later, the patient developed Cushing-like
symptoms and further deterioration of liver function.

Conclusion:

PSIS can cause liver impairment and even cirrhosis, which may be associated with multiple
hormone deficiencies. A case of PSIS with cirrhosis as the initial symptom and progression of cirrhosis
in the absence of growth hormone (GH) therapy suggests that GH therapy may be important in
PSIS-related cirrhosis.
A Comprehensive Review on Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume
Authors: Sarjerao Borase Bharati , Surana Santosh Subhashchandra
Published: February 2023

Elaeocarpaceae comprises of 615 species in 12 genera which belongs to angiosperm. It is a tropical and subtropical family with few genera extending into the temperate zone. The genus Elaeocarpus consists of about 350 species distributed through Eastern Asia and the Pacific region. Around 2 genera and 33 species of the family are distributed in India. Elaeocarpus floribundus (family: Elaeocarpaceae), commonly known as Indian olive, is famous for its fruits and their medicinal uses. Traditionally local people use leaves for rheumatism, fruits for dysentery and diarrhea and infusion of the bark and leaves are used as mouthwash for inflamed gum. The researchers are attracted to the plant due to its various pharmacological properties like antioxidative capacity, antimicrobial, antihistaminic, antidiarrheal, etc., of different extracts of this plant. The review also aimed to study the morphological characterization and presence of phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, and carbohydrates. A domain in which the plant has ability to treat cancer, diabetes and infectious diseases. The ethnobotanical and pharmacological data would enable a comprehensive study of the Indian olive.
Fully absorbing one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Shamparov E. Yu.
Published: February 2023

We investigated the resonant absorption capacity of a one-dimensional photonic crystal, the relationship between the resonant frequency and the width of its absorption band, and the composition and thickness of the layers forming it. Frequency oscillations of radiation reflection from 2.5-layer semimetal-dielectric-metal film structures caused by interference on the film thickness were studied. We measured the infrared reflection spectra of Bi87Sb13 film samples on mirror-smooth substrates with a reflective metal (Al, Ti) layer and a dielectric layer MgF2+LiF or SiO2+Si3N4). We have developed samples that absorb up to 99.5% of radiation at maximum and integrally up to 60% of resonant thermal radiation. The composition of structures for interfacing with silicon technologies and constructing matrices of sensitive bolometric receivers has been optimized. We have proposed the implementation of active selective thermal imaging systems with matching the source and receiver of radiation simultaneously in frequency and frequency band. The analogy of the absorbing properties of film structures and the properties of human eye cells was shown. Keywords: bismuth, film, IR, interference, eye color sensitivity.
Spectral Characteristics of the Glow of Coal Flames during the Exposure to Laser Pulses
Authors: Aduev B. P.  , Nurmukhametov D. R.  , Kraft Ya. V.  , Ismagilov Z. R.
Published: February 2023

The results of measuring the characteristics of the glow of coal flames at the initial moments of ignition under the action of laser pulses of a neodymium laser (1064 nm, 120 μs) are presented. In microparticles of coal grades DG, G, Zh, and K, when the corresponding critical energy densities are exceeded during a laser pulse, the surface ignites and flame propagates at a speed of V~50 m/s. The emission spectra of flames are contributed by the emission of emitted hot coal particles, excited H2* and H2O* molecules, as well as the flame emission arising from the oxidation of carbon (CO*) and carbon monoxide (CO2*) by atmospheric oxygen. Keywords: coal, laser, ignition, flame, volatile substances, degree of coalification, coke residue.
White emission of polymeric luminescent compositions doped with boron chelates
Authors: Ishtokina E. Yu.  , Khrebtov A. A.  , Fedorenko E. V.  , Puzyrkov Z. N.  , Lim L. A.  , Mirochnik A. G.
Published: February 2023

Multicomponent polymeric luminescent compositions doped with β-diketonates of boron difluoride were obtained, which can be used to produce white light by cascade radiative energy transfer. The white light is obtained by using the RGB model. The compositions containing four luminophores showed high color rendering values (color rendering index >80, 2776 K). Two luminescent transitions were realized in the obtained compositions for the red dye (R): S1-> S0, associated with cascade radiative energy transfer along the chain of luminophores, and S2-> S1->S0, directly excited by UV radiation. The luminous characteristics of the obtained compositions indicate the possibility of using polymeric luminescent compositions doped with β-diketonate boron difluoride in emergency and indoor lighting devices. Keywords: β-diketonates of boron difluoride, luminescence, polymer compositions, energy transfer, white light, illumination.
The complete basis set limits of the correlation energy of diatomic molecules using distributive s-Gaussian functions
Authors: Glushkov V. N.  , Fesenko S. I.
Published: February 2023

In this paper possibilities of distributive s-Gaussian functions to estimate the second-order correlation energy (MP2) are investigated to the complete basis set limit. In contrast to standard atom-centered, the proposed bases consist of functions distributed along the molecular axis and off-axis functions. We propose and investigate the possibilities of one of the models for choosing the alignment of such functions. The model is characterized by a set of subsets of off-axis s-functions uniformly distributed along circles whose planes are perpendicular to the molecular axis. The function parameters are determined by minimizing the Hartree-Fock energy (for functions located along the molecular axis) and minimizing the Hylleraas functional (for off-axis s-functions). The resulting basis sequences, combined with known extrapolation models, are used to predict the MP2 energy in the complete basis set limit. The efficiency of the models is demonstrated by calculating the energy MP2 of simple H2 and LiH molecules. Keywords: distributive off-axis functions, correlation energy, extrapolation models.
Coherent kinetics of a multistage λ scheme for laser isotope separation
Authors: D’yachkov A. B.  , Mironov S. M.  , Tsvetkov G. O.
Published: February 2023

Analytical solutions of the Schr?dinger equations for coherent excitation of an atom in the scheme of two- and three-stage photoionization are obtained as applied to the problem of laser isotope separation. A feature of the study is the introduction of laser excitation from an additional initial state to increase the fraction of the atoms involved in the separation process. The optimal from the points of view of photoion ratios of radiation intensities at individual photoionization stages are found. Key words: laser photoionization, laser isotope separation.
Registration of high-frequency relief-phase structures on silver halide photographic material PFG-01
Authors: Ganzherli N.M.  , Gulyaev S. N.  , Maurer I.A.
Published: February 2023

A new variant of manufacturing high-frequency holographic gratings with a spatial frequency up to 1200 mm-1 on silver halide photographic material for holography PFG-01 is proposed, the processing technology of which is tanning bleaching in bleach containing dichromates and etching in water or in solutions of glacial acetic acid in isopropyl alcohol. The key point is the destructive effect on gelatin of short-wave UV radiation with a wavelength of less than 270 nm. During the experiments, relief-phase holographic gratings with high diffraction efficiency up to a value of 42% were obtained. Keywords: holographic diffraction gratings, silver halide photoemulsions, PFG-01 photographic plates, short-wave UV radiation, surface relief, diffraction efficiency, glacial acetic acid, isopropyl alcohol.
Furnace vestibule heat transport models
Authors: McGuinness Mark , Cox Barry , Kalyanaraman Balaje , Kiradjiev Kristian , Gonzalez-Farina Raquel , Hassell Sweatman Catherine , Roberts Lindon , Pontin David , Bissaker Edward , Irvine Samuel , Jenkins David , Taggart Ian
Published: February 2023

This is a report on the Lovells Springs challenge that was brought to the Mathematics in Industry Study Group at the University of Newcastle, Australia, in January 2020. The design of a furnace that heats steel rods to make them malleable and allow the reshaping of the rods into coiled springs is the challenge.  Mathematical modelling of heat transport in the half-metre long furnace vestibule predicts the effect of vestibule geometry on the temperature of rods entering the furnace, and provides guidelines for deciding on the dimensions of the vestibule for improved energy efficiency of heating. Models considered include treating the rods as equivalent steel sheets, and as discrete steel rods. The relative importance of radiative and convective heat transfer mechanisms is considered. A longer vestibule, with length one or two metres,  is recommended for improved heating efficiency of rods thicker than 25mm.
Separación del fruto
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

El siguiente clip tecnológico, permite conocer el trato y cuidado que se debe tener, al momento de seleccionar y empacar la guayaba.
Siembra de lulo
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip tecnológico se muestra cómo a partir de plántulas madres se obtiene la siembra de alta calidad para el cultivo de lulo.
Siembra de maracuyá
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

La siembra de Maracuyá consta de dos fases, la fase de vivero, y la de campo; aprenda en este Clip tecnológico la forma correcta de realizar la siembra de Maracuyá.
Necesidades de agua en cultivos de cebolla de rama
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

En este clip tecnológico se dan a conocer las necesidades de agua de los cultivos de cebolla de rama en el departamento de Boyacá.
Nivelación láser de piscinas en cultivos de arroz
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: February 2023

Para una producción optima y un adecuado manejo del cultivo de arroz, en este clip se presentan las siguientes recomendaciones tecnológicas para nivelación láser de piscinas en cultivos de arroz.