bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring adoption of cloud computing as innovation in organizations
Authors: Oreoluwa Omoike
Published: October 2024

This study explores the adoption of cloud computing as an innovative technology in organizations, focusing on the factors influencing its implementation and the benefits realized. The research highlights the technological, organizational, and environmental factors that drive cloud adoption. Based on data collected from organizations using cloud technology, this paper examines how these factors contribute to innovation, increased efficiency, and improved business outcomes. The findings suggest that organizations embracing cloud computing tend to have a competitive advantage, increased flexibility, and scalability in operations.
Zero trust architecture in IAM with AI integration
Authors: Sahil Arora  , Apoorva Tewari
Published: October 2024

ZTA is a new model of enterprise cybersecurity that stands for continuous authentication, strict access control and dynamic verification for data, assets and identities of enterprises in multilayered infrastructures. ZTA ensures that each and every incoming request to access people, devices or applications is constantly compared to the organisation’s policy and approved, no matter if it is coming inside or outside a network, unlike a traditional perimeter-based security strategy. In an effort to enhance the compliance standards and lower the attack surface, this article expands on the basic tenets of ZTA, such as adding IAM to regulate access based on the role and permission systems. ZTA is further enhanced by AI that enables the real-time identification of threats, dynamic security access control, and risk estimation. By adopting the AI approach, ZTA can make intelligent decisions, and this makes companies able to counteract the ever-incoming cyber threats. Among the areas where ZTA and AI applications are being adopted are cloud environments, remote workforces, IoT devices, and microservices. Further research prospects are also enumerated in this document, such as developing AI-based behavioural analytics, safeguarding Edge and IoT applications, incorporating improved threat intelligence, and incorporating machine learning in ZTA processes. These developments will keep ZTA as a strong and adaptive cybersecurity framework for any corporate infrastructures and protect them from threats in related modern digital landscapes.
Calculation of exergy losses, exergy efficiency and cooling coefficient of refrigerant R22
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Hoàng
Published: October 2024

This study presents a detailed analysis of the exergy losses, exergy efficiency, and cooling coefficient of performance (COP) for the refrigerant R22 in refrigeration systems. Exergy analysis, which considers both the quantity and quality of energy, is used to identify and quantify the irreversibilities within the system. The objective of this analysis is to provide insights into the areas of inefficiency and potential improvements for enhanced energy performance. Results indicate that the exergy losses in R22 systems are primarily associated with the compressor and expansion valve, highlighting these components as key targets for efficiency improvements. The exergy efficiency was found to vary significantly with operating conditions, suggesting that system performance could be optimized through appropriate design and control strategies. Additionally, the cooling COP of R22 was evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in converting input energy into cooling capacity under various conditions. This analysis contributes to the broader understanding of R22's thermodynamic performance and offers a foundation for developing more sustainable and efficient refrigeration technologies.
Techniques for using backlighting to enhance the expressiveness of photographs
Authors: Katrine Moite
Published: October 2024

This article examines the historical and contemporary aspects of backlighting in photography, focusing on its visual and psychological impact and the technical and color features that enhance its effectiveness. Drawing on principles established during the Baroque era by artists like Caravaggio and Rembrandt, the study explores how modern photographers integrate these techniques with advanced lighting technologies and color theories, particularly those of Johannes Itten. Through a comprehensive analysis of backlighting applications in portrait and food photography, the research highlights how this technique enhances depth, texture, and emotional resonance in images. The findings demonstrate that mastery of backlighting, combined with technical proficiency and an understanding of color interactions, allows photographers to create compelling and emotionally impactful works. The novelty of this work lies in its synthesis of historical practices with modern technological advancements, offering new insights into the creative possibilities of backlighting in professional photography.
Clinical practices and treatment preferences in chronic coronary syndrome management among Indian physicians
Authors: Avinash Guthe  , Pravesh Vishwakarma  , Akshyaya Pradhan  , Mohammad Ali  , Akhil Sharma  , Amit Gupta  , Neeta Keertane
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in India, where risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are increasingly prevalent. Effective management of CCS typically involves lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and sometimes interventional procedures. Methods: A digital questionnaire-based survey was conducted across multiple sites in India, involving cardiologists and consultant physicians. The survey comprised nine questions addressing the prevalence of CCS, preferred treatments, and factors influencing prescribing decisions for novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Results: A total of 66 physicians were enrolled. Approximately 40.30% of physicians reported that more than 40% of their patients had CCS. The majority of physicians (57.81%) reported that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was most preferred treatment for CCS. Around 51% of physicians reported bleeding risk as the primary hindrance in prescribing rivaroxaban and aspirin for CCS patients. The majority of physicians (42.19%) preferred rivaroxaban with a prescription rate of 40%. Apixaban was most commonly prescribed at a rate of 30% by 33.87% of physicians, while dabigatran was typically prescribed at rates of 10% and 20% (41.82% each). Warfarin was prescribed for 10% of patients by 51.79% of respondents. In non-valvular atrial fibrillation cases, 73.13% preferred rivaroxaban primarily for its once-daily dosing advantage. Conclusion: The present study reveals current trends in the management of CCS and the utilization of NOACs among physicians in India. It underscores the growing significance of NOACs, particularly rivaroxaban, in enhancing treatment outcomes for patients with CCS.
Impact of season and maturity stage on biochemical parameters of Averrhoa carambola fruits
Authors: Mampeu Carine ZAH  , Adouko Edith AGBO  , Jean-claude Desfontis  , Doudjo SORO
Published: October 2024

The nutritional quality of fruits can be affected by changes in physiological indicators during fruit ripening, which is why it is important to identify the stage of maturity and the appropriate season for harvesting. Based on this observation, this study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the two different seasons and the stage of maturity on the nutritional parameters of Averrhoa Carambola. The results showed a significant effect (p<0.0001) of the two seasons and maturity stage on the biochemical parameters of A. carambola fruits. Ash contents and pH were significantly high in rainy seasons and at the ripe stage. Their values ​​were respectively (6.80±0.59%) and (3.54±0.27). Moisture and titratable acidity concentrations decreased significantly during maturation while total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, and total soluble solids increased significantly during maturation. vitamin C and phenolic compounds were more abundant in the dry season and at the green stage. The values ​​were Vitamin C (15,869.64±0.03 mg/g), polyphenols (30.92±0.03 mg GAE/mg), flavonoids (30.59±0.28 mg EQ/g) and tannins (21-.02±0.01 mg GAE/g). This study suggests that there are differences in the biochemical parameters of starfruit between seasons depending on the maturity stage. The data provided useful information on the season and ideal stage of maturity for harvesting and their use in food products.
Personalized customer journeys for underserved communities: Tailoring solutions to address unique needs
Authors: Nnenna Ijeoma Okeke  , Olufunke Anne Alabi  , Abbey Ngochindo Igwe  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim
Published: October 2024

In today's diverse marketplace, creating personalized customer journeys for underserved communities is essential for fostering inclusion and promoting equitable access to services. This review explores the significance of tailoring solutions to address the unique needs of these communities, emphasizing the role of personalized experiences in enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Underserved communities often face systemic barriers, including limited access to resources, information, and services. Traditional customer journey models may overlook these specific challenges, leading to ineffective engagement and unmet needs. By adopting a personalized approach, businesses can better understand the distinctive characteristics, preferences, and pain points of these communities. This understanding allows for the development of targeted strategies that resonate with individuals' cultural, social, and economic contexts. The framework for personalized customer journeys involves several key components. First, comprehensive data collection is crucial for identifying the unique demographics and psychographics of underserved communities. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative research methods, businesses can gather insights on customer behaviors, preferences, and challenges. Next, leveraging advanced analytics and artificial intelligence can enhance the personalization of interactions, ensuring that offerings align with the specific needs and aspirations of these communities. Additionally, fostering collaboration with community organizations and leaders is vital. Engaging with local stakeholders helps businesses build trust and credibility, facilitating the co-creation of solutions that genuinely address the community's needs. This collaborative approach can lead to the development of tailored products and services, targeted marketing strategies, and supportive customer service frameworks. Ultimately, personalized customer journeys for underserved communities not only improve customer satisfaction but also drive business growth and social impact. By prioritizing equity and inclusion, businesses can enhance their brand reputation, foster customer loyalty, and contribute to the economic empowerment of these communities. In conclusion, a commitment to understanding and addressing the unique needs of underserved communities through personalized customer journeys is essential for fostering inclusive growth and creating lasting positive change.
Evaluating the performance of various Heuristic Algorithms to Solve Flow Shop Scheduling Problem with Fuzzy Processing Time
Authors: Sumaia Eshim
Published: October 2024

This paper evaluates the performance of selected heuristic algorithms, namely Palmer’s and Campbell, Dudek and Smith (CDS) algorithm, Nawaz-Enscore-Ham (NEH), and SAI algorithms for minimizing the makespan in fuzzy flow shop scheduling problem (FSSP) with triangular fuzzy processing times. The algorithms are tested on sixteen benchmark problems with size up to 10 machines and 20 jobs using a MATLAB program. Computational results show that, despite its simplicity, the FNEH algorithm can provide the best results compared to other algorithms, regardless of the size of the problem.
Cashless policy and socio-economic development in Aba City Nigeria
Authors: Ngwu Kenechukwu Christian  , Odo Kenneth Ejiofor  , Okereke Simon Chukwudi
Published: October 2024

The study examined impact of cashless policy on socio-economic development in Aba City. Specifically, the study sought to: examine the impact of automated teller machine (ATM) transaction on living condition in Aba City and determine the impact of Point of sales transaction (POS) transaction on employment generation in Aba City. The research design was descriptive survey research design. Study Area was Aba City, Nigeria. The sample size of 400 respondents was drawn from population of 2.534 million (estimated population 2016) indigenes of Aba City. The sample size of 400 respondents was drawn with Taro Yamane sampling technique. Research questions of the study were answered using mean score and standard deviation. The hypotheses stated were tested using regression analysis. The empirical result of the study showed that automated teller machine (ATM) transaction has significant impact on living condition in Aba City (t-statistic = 6.446; P-value (0.000) < Sig-value (0.05) and Point of sales transaction (POS) transaction has significant impact on employment generation in Aba City (t-statistic = 7.238; P-value (0.000) < Sig-value (0.05). The study recommended that monetary authority of Nigeria (Central Bank of Nigeria) should provide public enlighten education and awareness on the benefits of automated teller machine, point of sales, and internet banking as enhancers of cashless policy in Nigeria.
Branding in a postmodern context: Sound logos as cultural markers
Authors: Man Mingxing
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of sound logos perception and their role in shaping brand cultural identity in the context of postmodern culture. The article analyzes the interaction between audio and visual brand elements and their impact on consumers’ emotional perception. The significance of cross-modal correspondences and sound symbolism in creating effective audio assets is examined. The scientific novelty lies in developing a multicultural cognitive theory of sound symbolism perception, integrating universal cognitive mechanisms and cultural specificities. As a result, the study reveals the complex role of sound in creating brand cultural identity in the era of globalization and proposes new approaches to developing sound strategies for international brands.
Author’s individual style: Issues of parameterization
Authors: Abaeva Evgeniya Sergeevna , Voevodina Anastasiya Igorevna
Published: October 2024

The paper presents a systematization of the parameters identified for the study of the author’s individual style, which are found in scientific works of recent years, with the aim of creating a general research model. The work presents the results of analysing dissertations from 1996 to 2024, in which authors address the analysis of the author’s individual style in terms of material, object, or subject of study. As a basis for further systematization, features such as research approach, material, understanding of individual style, and, finally, the analyzed parameters were adopted. This work is the first one to present a systematization of parameters included in the system of the author’s individual style, based on dissertation research conducted within different fields, using different approaches and diverse material, with the aim of creating a general model, which accounts for the scientific novelty. The research findings are as follows: a system of parameters has been identified and subjected to authorial classification, consisting of six levels, which includes elements of a level model of language, a pragmatic component (functionality), and the author’s worldview.
The STEM-based project-based learning impact on students' critical thinking skills
Authors: Novitasari Aulia , Isnaini Ludia Anggun , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: October 2024

Education in the current era must be able to adapt to the development of society and technology. One important aspect that needs to be developed is students' critical thinking skills. However, this ability is often not well trained, as seen from the results of pre-research on students at MAN 1 Tanggamus which showed a low category. The study aims to test the effect of the STEM-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on improving students' critical thinking skills. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group type. The study population included all students of class X MIA at MAN 1 Tanggamus, consisting of three classes. The sample was taken using the cluster random sampling method, where X MIA 2 was the experimental class and X MIA 1 was the control. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and essay tests consisting of 15 questions. Data were calculated using the independent sample t-test. The research findings showed sig. = 0.00, which indicates that the STEM-based PjBL model has an impact on improving students' critical thinking skills.
Alterations in the sucrose content and texture of Carica papaya var. California L. and Musa paradisiaca var. formantipyca L. as ripen
Authors: Saputri Dwijowati Asih , Ulmillah Aulia , Winandari Ovi Prasetya , Handayani Fitri
Published: October 2024

Changes in texture and sucrose content in California papaya and kepok bananas after harvest due to metabolic processes can reduce the quality of the fruit. This research investigated the changes in sucrose content and texture during the maturation process of California papayas and kepok bananas. The observed parameters included physical properties, such as texture variations and sucrose levels in the fruit. The research followed a qualitative approach. The research results are described descriptively. This study showed a change in the texture of the kepok banana and California papaya in the ripening process. Changes in the texture of kepok bananas decreased from 3.66 kg/cm on day 2 to day 12 after harvesting from 3.66 kg/cm to 0.56 kg/cm. California papayas from 3.63 to 1.36 kg/cm2. California papayas from 3.63 to 1.36 kg/cm2. The highest sucrose content in the ripening process occurred in kepok bananas and California papayas, respectively, at 0.45? Brix on day 12 and 11.38? Brix on day 10.
The practicality of connected type-based science teaching materials on simple plane principles in human movement systems
Authors: Husin Ikrawati R. , Yusuf Muhammad , Yusuf Frida Maryati , Abdjul Tirtawaty
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the practicality of science teaching materials based on the connected type. This research uses a method of testing the level of practicality of teaching materials on simple aircraft and human movement systems. Data and information collection was carried out through interviews with science teachers regarding the teaching materials used for learning. The data collection technique consists of classroom management which can be determined from the results of the teacher's overall observations according to the number of students that have been determined and student response questionnaires are used to determine student responses to Integrated Science Teaching Materials. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques consist of classroom management analysis and student response analysis. The practicality of integrated science teaching materials is stated to be practical to apply. The results of the analysis of class management from all meetings obtained grades in the very good category and the questionnaire analysis of student responses in the learning process obtained results with good criteria.
Primary school bullying: Factors, forms and solutions
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad Aidi Noor , Sukriono Didik , Pristiani Riska , Kusumaningrum Shirly Rizki
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by the rampant cases of bullying in schools caused by various factors and forms of bullying behavior played by students in schools. This study describes the forms, factors, and solutions the school has implemented. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative method to write the findings. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observations, and filling out questionnaires. The results illustrate that bullying behavior that occurs at school can be verbal by mocking, insinuating, and instigating. While social bullying, such as ostracising friends. In response, primary schools in Malang City formed an anti-bullying task force to minimize bullying and educate students regarding it in the school environment. The task force's role is to educate (remind) what bullying is for all students in the school and to model positive behavior (role model).
Developing teaching materials for writing observation report texts using Powtoon for grade X high school students
Authors: Karina Agidia , Sinaga Mangatur , Charlina Charlina
Published: October 2024

This study aims to develop teaching materials for writing observation report texts based on technology by utilizing the Powtoon application for class X SMA students. This study uses a development procedure called the ADDIE model. This study was conducted at SMA Negeri 15 Pekanbaru with 36 class XB students as research subjects. The data collection techniques used were student needs analysis questionnaires, validation questionnaires for teaching material products by validators, trials (limited tests), and teacher and student assessment questionnaires. The results showed that the quality of the product development of teaching materials for writing observation report texts based on Powtoon for class X SMA students was seen from the results of expert validation and got a score of 4.5 (90%), the practicality of the product was seen from the results of teacher assessments of 4.6 (92%) and student assessments of 4.5 (90%). The average pre-test score was 64, and the post-test was 87, which was stated to be significantly different based on the Wilcoxon test. It can be concluded that teaching materials designed using Powtoon for class X SMA students are very feasible and have the potential to be used in learning to write observation report texts.
An Animated videos based on Tajweed science to improve students' ability to read the Al-Qur'an
Authors: Nasrul Nasrul , Gani Hamsu Abdul , Hakim Abdul
Published: October 2024

Tajweed learning videos are made to help students become more proficient in reading the Al-Qur'an. This study aims to develop an animated video based on valid, practical, and effective Tajweed science to improve elementary school students' ability to read the Al-Qur'an. The research used the ADDIE research and development model. The study subjects were 24 fifth-grade students of Al-Qur'an Wahdah Islamiyah 02 Makassar Elementary School. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The study has produced an animated video media based on Tajweed science. Based on the results of the analysis of media development needs, it is at the percentage needed, and from the results of interviews with students regarding understanding the material, it was found that students had not received more material related to Tajweed science. The animated video developed has met the criteria of valid based on material experts (89%) and media experts (93%), practical based on student responses (90) and teachers (92.70), and can improve the ability to read the Al-Qur'an of elementary school students (pretest = 58.8, posttest 93.5). This study concludes that animated videos based on Tajweed science have met the valid, practical, and effective criteria in improving elementary school students' ability to read the Al-Qur'an.
Poster media on the subject of Al-Qur'an Hadith in increasing students' learning motivation
Authors: Aziz Mursal , Ashshiddiqi M. Hasbie , Sakinah Siti
Published: October 2024

This research aims to describe the use of poster media in Al-Qur'an and Hadith subjects in increasing student learning motivation at MIS Islamiyyah Londut North Labuhanbatu. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research methods are used as research techniques that produce descriptive data. Data collection techniques used include observation, interview and documentation. Research findings show that the use of poster media in Al-Qur'an and Hadith subjects is carried out using a violent approach. This method involves the teacher being in front of the class, using visual aids such as posters. The teacher continues by explaining the contents of the poster sequentially and step by step. Students show a level of enthusiasm and excitement in the learning process in class because the learning material is presented with visuals that are relevant to the Al-Qur'an and Hadith subjects they are studying. In the context of using poster media in learning the Qur'an and Hadith, observations show several clear signs of how students become more motivated, including: Increased student enthusiasm, students are more active, increasing students' curiosity. The use of poster media shows that students' enthusiasm and motivation for learning has increased, because they prefer to use visual aids, such as photos, when teaching, rather than just relying on verbal material.
Development of android-based mobile learning media to increase learning results in vocational high schools
Authors: Malik Muhamad Bani , Iskandar Ranu , Naryanto Rizqi Fitri
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to produce android-based mobile learning media and to determine its effectiveness on student learning outcomes. This research is a type of research and development method conducted through the ADDIE model, so this research is a type of research and development. The media was validated by experts in three fields, namely material, media, and language. The test subjects were 32 vocational students majoring in Automotive Engineering.  Data analysis conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the media involves the use of n-gain score and paired sample test statistics. The results of the study prove that, (1) the mobile learning media developed is very feasible to be used in learning activities for equipment and supplies in the workplace based on the results of validation by material experts of 87.8%, language experts of 95%, media experts of 90.5%, and student responses of 93.3%. (2) mobile learning media is very effective to use and has a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes, based on the results of the average score of the field trial after using mobile learning of 86.94 with a gain value of 0.72 with high criteria and t-test results of 0.00 <0.05. (3) the application of mobile learning as learning media makes it possible for students to learn independently.
Cultural synergy: Integrating Lamin Dayak Kenyah in English language learning – A need analysis study
Authors: Fitriani Yustina , Gunawan Muhammad Henry
Published: October 2024

This research aims to identify students' preferences and interests in learning English through Lamin Dayak Kenyah architectural buildings. This research is a mixed research that combines quantitative and qualitative data. The participants were 271 students and 33 English lecturers at universities. The methods used to collect data were classroom observations, surveys, and interviews to identify specific needs faced by students and lecturers when incorporating traditional houses into learning materials.  The four fundamental English language skills—listening, reading, writing, speaking—are included in the results.  In listening skills, students and lecturers prefer to learn and teach English by watching videos and listening to dialogues or conversations. In reading ability, students and lecturers want to learn with intensive reading, active reading, and critical reading. Regarding writing skills, students and lecturers prefer assignments such as writing descriptive texts and opinion articles. In speaking skills, students and lecturers want to learn through discussion and describing pictures orally. In choosing topics, students and lecturers are interested in the history of local architectural buildings, traditional house design, and the symbolism, color, and meaning of the carvings. Project-based learning (PBL) is the preferred learning method, and learning resources are drawn from videos and interactive learning tools. Future research can utilize these findings to design more targeted instructional materials, leveraging the results of the needs analysis that has been conducted in this study.
Technology integration in arabic language learning: A literature review on the effectiveness of e-learning and mobile applications
Authors: Haq Alsadika Ziaul , Akmansyah Muhammad , Erlina Erlina , Koderi Koderi
Published: October 2024

The integration of digital technology in Arabic language learning offers benefits such as increased student motivation and personalized learning, but faces challenges such as the digital divide, limited infrastructure, and inadequate teacher training, especially in rural areas. Objectives This study analyzes the effectiveness of technology integration, particularly e-learning and mobile applications, in Arabic language learning, as well as identifies the challenges of its implementation. The research used a systematic literature review method by reviewing articles from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar (2019-2024). The data collected included research methods, technology type, sample size, main results, and conclusions and recommendations.  And the findings of this study are E-learning increases student participation and material access, while mobile applications are effective in increasing motivation and language comprehension. The integration of these technologies not only provides a more affordable and customized learning solution, but also supports the achievement of better learning outcomes, especially for non-native speakers and migrants. Thus, the utilization of e-learning and mobile applications in Arabic language education holds great promise for improving the quality of language acquisition in a broader context.
Analysis of rational emotional behavioral counseling implementation by counselors to fulfill the meaning of life of students
Authors: Aiwani Aisyiah , Hidayah Nur , Hambali IM
Published: October 2024

The Research aims to determine the application of rational emotional behavioral counseling to fulfill the meaning of life of Islamic boarding school students. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The population and sample used in this research were Islamic School at Malang City students who live in Ma'had. From the results of the analysis, it was found that Rational Emotional Behavioral Counseling through the process showed that each individual has various kinds of irrational thoughts in interpreting or carrying out their daily lives which will ultimately cause the individual to confine themselves to wrong life values. Therefore, in the series of rational emotional behavioral counseling, there are ABC-D-EFG stages where the counselor will start by identifying the activating event (A), then the counselor also needs to explore each consequence (C), which is the result of the activating event that the person has counselee. Then, we will also look for problematic beliefs (B) to find points of irrational thinking that will ultimately be dispelled (D) and replaced with new, more rational thoughts. The hope is that the emergence of new thoughts and feelings can bring the value of creativity, experience, and behaving under norms. It can also set new goals for the counselee to understand each goal orientation better.
Vicisitudes territoriales en los departamentos Choya, Guasayan y Pellegrini, Santiago del Estero. Periodo histórico 1988-2018.
Authors: Sacchi Paulo , Ledesma Dominga
Published: October 2024

Bajo el escenario de políticas neoliberales a fines del siglo XX, la estructura de la tierra en el país ha sufrido transformaciones sociales y productivas. En el Noroeste Argentino, han sido visibles dado el activismo político de comunidades que modificaron sus estructuras sociales, económicas y políticas. Para dar cuenta de las transformaciones, este ensayo analiza los procesos que han operado en la distribución de la tierra en los departamentos Choya, Guasayán y Pellegrini, provincia de Santiago del Estero (Argentina) en el período 1988-2018. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian un proceso de reconversión productiva en el uso del suelo, un desplazamiento de la ganadería hacia zonas marginales y una concentración de la tierra con el avance de nuevos actores en el territorio. Ello da cuenta de territorios antes marginales a las esferas globales, que hoy cobran centralidad para una producción agropecuaria extensiva y para un espacio de marginación social de quienes habitan.
Hearing aids reduce listening effort in school-age children who are hard of hearing
Authors: Gianakas Steven P , Wiseman Kathryn B. , Walker Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Objective:For children who are hard of hearing, listening to speech can be effortful, especially in noisy classroom environments. While hearing aids provide improved access to sound, it is still unclear if hearing aids also help to reduce listening-related effort. The current study tested the hypothesis that hearing aids can reduce listening effort when children who are hard of hearing listen to sentences in quiet or noise.Design:School-age children who are hard of hearing who used hearing aids participated in a dual-task paradigm. In the primary task, each child listened to and repeated back sentences that were presented in quiet or in noise with and without their hearing aids. Concurrently, participants responded on a keyboard to a simple visual reaction time task. The change in reaction time of the secondary task served as a proxy for listening effort, while primary task performance was fixed at approximately 70% accuracy. In addition, children provided subjective feedback about their effort exertion during the experiment.Results:Reaction times were faster, indicating less effort, in the aided condition compared to the unaided condition. Children reported lower ratings of listening effort in the aided condition and when listening in quiet. Dual-task and subjective report results both indicated a reduction of listening effort due to use of amplification, but differed in the effect of noise on effort.Conclusions:This is the first study to demonstrate that hearing aids reduce listening effort in school-age children who are hard of hearing. Overall, both dual-task reaction times and subjectiveratings are sensitive to changes in listening effort within this population. The current study makes a novel and important contribution to the literature on listening effort in school-age children who are hard of hearing. The results of this study have important clinical implications as we demonstrate hearing aids provide benefits beyond auditory access and support consistent hearing aid use in children who are hard of hearing.
Social Capital and Voting Behaviour in the United States
Authors: Fierro Pedro , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés , Rowe Francisco , Helsper Ellen
Published: October 2024

Social capital has traditionally been viewed as a fundamental driver of democratic vitality. However, since the late-20th century, it has been suggested that social capital may also have adverse effects, potentially fostering totalitarian and populist ideologies. This paper examines the political implications of two different types of social capital —bonding social capital and bridging social capital—, using the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections as a case study. By examining at the county level, we find that the relation between social capital and antisystem voting behaviour is contingent upon the type of social capital involved. Bonding social capital, characterised by close-knit, homogeneous networks, is positively correlated with antisystem behaviours, as proxied by the additional electoral support for Donald Trump. In contrast, bridging social capital, which involves connections across diverse social groups, shows a negative correlation. Furthermore, our analysis reveals a complex interaction between economic and demographic changes, social integration, and political tendencies in a period of economic transition. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of social capital and its critical role in understanding its origins and effects.
Dynamic Context-Aware Representation for Semantic Alignment in Large Language Models
Authors: Baronova Jason , Stevens Catherine , Tennant Logan , MacPhee Alfred
Published: October 2024

The capacity of modern neural networks to generate human-like text is accompanied by ongoing challenges in maintaining semantic coherence, particularly across dynamically evolving contexts in long-form text generation. Dynamic Context-Aware Representation (DCAR) addresses this limitation through a novel mechanism that enables continuous recalibration of context vectors, ensuring more accurate semantic alignment throughout the generation process. Through the integration of a dynamic adjustment layer within a state-of-the-art transformer-based LLM, significant improvements were observed in perplexity, BLEU score, and semantic coherence, especially in cases where traditional static embeddings fall short. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of DCAR in managing context shifts fluidly, with minimal computational overhead, providing a flexible yet powerful solution for enhancing the performance of LLMs in handling complex, multi-turn conversations and extended text. The findings suggest that the application of DCAR offers a substantial leap in both the accuracy and adaptability of LLM architectures, enabling more precise and consistent generation of language across a variety of domains. These advancements position DCAR as a transformative step in overcoming the inherent limitations of static context representations in language models, pushing the boundaries of contextual comprehension and generation in neural networks.
Can TikTok Drive Support for Populist Radical Right Parties? Causal Evidence From Germany
Authors: Heyna Philipp
Published: October 2024

Can TikTok drive support for populist radical right parties? In light of apparent trends among younger cohorts in Germany toward radical right populism both in terms of party preferences and political ideology, this question has frequently been raised in the political debate. TikTok users are relatively young, and the populist radical right AfD’s stark dominance on the platform suggests that it is a driving force behind these trends. I seek to answer this question by employing coarsened exact matching and instrumental variable analysis on data from a GLES online survey. My results suggest that TikTok use raises support for the AfD and its candidates, but does not increase issue agreement for attitudes towards immigration and evaluations of government performance. This suggests that TikTok indeed promotes support for the AfD among younger cohorts, but implies that it can only account in part for these trends, as it does not seem to cause corresponding shifts in political ideology.
Adapting Methods for Correcting Selective Reporting Bias in Meta-Analysis of Dependent Effect Sizes
Authors: Chen Man , Pustejovsky James E
Published: October 2024

In a meta-analysis, selective reporting arises if some results within a study or the entire study are more likely to be reported due to the statistical significance or magnitude of the quantitative findings. Selective reporting can result in over-estimated average effect size, inflated Type-I error rates, and inappropriate inferences about intervention effects. In practice, meta-analysts seek to both identify the presence of selective reporting and correct or adjust for the distortions it creates. Various statistical methods have been developed for correcting selective reporting bias. However, these methods are usually based on the assumption that effect sizes are independent, which is violated in meta-analysis with multiple, dependent effect sizes. In this paper, we evaluate how currently available selective reporting adjustment methods work in the presence of effect size dependencies. We also propose novel adaptations of several adjustment methods based on a multivariate working model and weighting scheme that correct for selective reporting bias while handling dependencies among effect sizes. We investigate the performance of existing adjustment methods and our novel adaptations via an extensive simulation study of dependent effect size estimates. We focus on the estimation of overall average effects and examine performance criteria including bias, RMSE, and confidence interval coverage rate and width. Based on the simulation findings, we provide suggestions for how to correct selective reporting bias while accounting for effect size dependencies.
Harnessing nature-based solutions for economic recovery: a systematic review
Authors: Chausson Alexandre , Seddon Nathalie , Smith Alison , Zen-Zhi Reger Ryne , O'Callaghan Brian , Zapata Florencia , Mori-Clement Yadira
Published: October 2024

Nature-based solutions (NbS) involve working with nature to address societal challenges in ways that benefit communities and biodiversity locally. However, their role supporting economic recovery from crises, such as those arising from conflicts or pandemics remains underexplored. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of 66 reviews on the economic impact of nature-based interventions. Most demonstrated positive outcomes for income and employment, though those with critical appraisal of underlying studies reported more mixed outcomes. These varied results were influenced by factors such as the balance between short-term and long-term gains, market conditions, regional effects, reliance on subsidies, and discrepancies between expected and actual economic benefits. National-scale economic growth assessments were scarce. Half of the cases featured nature-based food production investments, with much evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and the Pacific. The few reviews comparing NbS with alternatives found that NbS delivered equal or better economic outcomes. NbS also provided broader benefits like food and water security, flood protection and community empowerment. We identified key factors influencing the delivery of benefits and trade-offs, finding that NbS must adhere to best practice standards, with community involvement being critical for equitable outcomes. Well-designed NbS can create diverse job opportunities at different skill levels, diversify income, and improve resilience, offering a rapid, flexible response to economic shocks that can be targeted at deprived communities. By integrating traditional, local and scientific knowledge, NbS can enable eco-innovation, and drive the transition to a clean and efficient circular economy, with high economic multipliers spreading benefits throughout economies. The evidence underscores the need to incorporate NbS in investment programs to concurrently address economic, environmental, and societal challenges. However, improved monitoring of economic, social and ecological outcomes and the development of comprehensive accounting systems are needed to better track public and private investments in NbS.
Non-isothermal behavior of excavation damaged zone around deep radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Tourchi Saeed
Published: October 2024

Indurated argillaceous rocks are being investigated as suitable hosts for high-level nuclear waste storage. An important aspect in evaluating the efficiency of waste disposal is the examination of the thermal impact's potential effects on the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) near the field. Increased temperatures could alter the EDZ's crack network, potentially leading to hydraulic failure through thermal pressurization. To accurately understand and model the EDZ surrounding repository cells at higher temperatures, it is essential to account for the coupled influence of thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) phenomena in the constitutive model. Recent studies [1] underline two crucial behaviors in the thermomechanical response of argillaceous rocks: a gradual change in mechanical properties, such as strength and stiffness, with temperature that leads to a more ductile state at higher temperatures; and the occurrence of reversible expansive strains due to temperature increase, which, upon exceeding a specific threshold, turn into irreversible contractive strains.
Computational Assessment of Alkali-Silica-Reaction Impact on the Seismic Capacity of Nuclear Containment Vessels
Authors: Dahal Albert , Spencer Benjamin W. , Dhulipala Somayajulu L. N. , Jain Amit , Ibarra Luis F.
Published: October 2024

This study assesses the effects of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) on the seismic performance of nuclear containment vessels (CVs), which are the final barrier preventing the release of radioactive contaminants. ASR is an aging degradation mechanism that affects a variety of reinforced concrete structures and has been observed in multiple operating nuclear plants. This study simulates ASR progression and its effects on a reinforced concrete CV, employing a fully coupled multiphysics model that accounts for the interaction between thermal and moisture transport and the mechanical stress states. The ASR's effects on the seismic response of the CV after long-term environmental exposure was simulated using a unified modeling approach. The structure’s seismic performance was evaluated using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for a suite of ground motion records applied to pristine and degraded vessels. Fragility functions were developed for functional and collapse limit states to study the ability of the structure to maintain leak tightness and structural integrity, respectively. High-performance computing enabled completing the large set of seismic analyses required for the IDA. The results show a higher probability of exceeding the functional limit state with the ASR-degraded vessel, which potentially indicates an increased risk of contaminant release due to ASR. ASR degradation has a minimal impact on the median collapse capacity of the CV, but does increase the uncertainty in the collapse capacity.
Heterogeneous Variance Models with Gaussian Processes
Authors: Baurne Yvette , Delmar Frédéric , Wallin Jonas
Published: October 2024

Understanding variability is a key focus in many areas of psychological research, with growing interest in modeling individual and group variability. While multilevel models such as heterogeneous variance models and Mixed-Effect Location Scale (MELS) models have been used to capture these dynamics, they typically rely on linear assumptions and temporal change of the variability is restricted to one level. Recent calls for nonlinear approaches in psychology highlight the need for more flexible models that can better account for complex, dynamic processes. This paper introduces the use of Gaussian Processes (GPs) within the framework of heterogeneous variance models to address these limitations. By incorporating GPs, we allow for the modeling of nonlinear variability across multiple levels, including temporal dynamics at both the individual and group levels. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach in two empirical applications. Our findings show that using GPs provide an improved model fit compared to traditional linear methods and highlight the utility of GPs in variance modeling, offering new possibilities for studying dynamic and emergent processes in psychological and social science research.