bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Yield and Properties of Bio-Oil Produced by Slow and Fast Pyrolysis of Rice Husks and Coconut Shells
Authors: Gui Mandy Su Zan , Jourabchi Seyed Amirmostafa , Kiat Ng Hoon , Gan Suyin
Published: September 2014

Slow pyrolysis (SP) and fast pyrolysis (FP) of rice husks, coconut shells and their mixtures were studied in a fixed bed reactor. The objectives of this study were to compare the yields and properties of bio-oils produced using SP and FP methods within a pyrolysis temperature range of 400 °C to 600 °C. Three different biomass compositions, 100% rice husks (RH), 100% coconut shells (CS) and a mixture of 50% rice husks with 50% of coconut shells (RH50/CS50) were experimented. In SP, the maximum yield of bio-oil for RH, CS and RH50/CS50 were 45.45%, 37.01%, 38.29% at temperatures of 550 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C respectively. As for FP, the maximum bio-oil yield obtained for RH, CS and RH50/CS50 were 50.52%, 40.14% and 42.25% at temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C and 550 °C respectively. At these optimum pyrolysis temperatures, the percentage differences in bio oil yields for SP and FP were 10.57%, 8.11% and 9.83% for RH, CS and RH50/CS50 respectively. Based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard procedures, the properties of bio-oil were characterised and it was found that the bio oil produced by FP at optimum temperatures were less acidic, higher density, lower water content and viscosity as compared to the bio-oil produced by SP method for all biomass compositions.
Effect of the Solvent Molar Ratios on the Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8 (ZIF-8) and its Performance in CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Lai Li Sze , Yeong Yin 	Fong , Che Ani Noraishah , Lau Kok Keong , Azmi Mohd Shariff
Published: September 2014

In this research work, ZIF-8 was synthesized at room temperature using different synthesis solutions contained different molar ratios of methanol to zinc nitrate. The properties of the resultant particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The basicity of the ZIF-8 samples was measured using temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Results showed that ZIF-8 samples synthesized in the present work were thermally stable up to 700 oC. ZIF-8 synthesized using synthesis solution contained lowest molar ratio of methanol to zinc nitrate of 86.7 possessed highest crystallinity and largest average particles sizes of ~250 nm. Besides, this sample also demonstrated highest CO2 uptake rate due to the presence of highest amount of basic site of 0.70 mmol/g among the ZIF-8 samples.
Polymer-Nanoclay Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation: A Review
Authors: Jamil Asif , Ching Oh Pei , Shariff Azmi Mohd
Published: September 2014

Mixed matrix membrane (MMM) has shown significant progress towards gas separation. Rigid polymers are suitable materials for MMM fabrication but adhesion problems with filler need to be addressed. A variety of inorganic fillers have been studied for CO2 separation but clay minerals were not considered much in this class. The layered silicate structure of nanoclay such as montmorillonite provides excellent opportunity to manipulate its properties, leading towards better dispersion and adhesion towards the polymer matrix. This paper reviews the potential of polymer-nanoclay MMM for CO2/CH4 separation.
Water Based Paint with Java Citronella Oil as Mosquito Repellent Agent
Authors: Manaf Mastura Abd , Jai Junaidah , Mustapa Ana Najwa , Raslan Rafeqah , Subuki Istikamah
Published: September 2014

Active compounds of Cymbopogon winterianius (Java Serai Wangi) which consists of citronella oil (CO), has been reported to has mosquito repellent compounds; citronellol, citronellal, and geraniol. Limitation on the use of natural mosquito repellent has driven this work to incorporate the CO in commercial water-based paint. In this work, the CO-paint was formulated and its ability to repel mosquito was determined. The optimum composition of CO was determined by three standard paint analyses which were volatile organic compound (VOC), viscosity and adhesion. The best composition of CO in paint was found to be 20% vol. where it able to repel Aedes aegypti with 80% efficiency. It is envisioned that the formulated CO-paint is effectively function as mosquito-repellent thus as an alternative way to reduce the mosquito-borne diseases.
Effect of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment Durations on the Formation of Zeolite-T
Authors: Wahab Izzati Binti Mohamad Abdul , Yeong Yin 	Fong
Published: September 2014

In the present work, the lengthy synthesis duration of zeolite-T was successfully reduced by inducing the ultrasonic pre-treatment method prior to hydrothermal growth. The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment durations on the formation of zeolite-T was investigated. The structure and morphology of the resultant samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD and FESEM. As verified by FTIR, samples produced using synthesis durations of 5, 4, 3 and 2 days with ultrasonic pre-treatment durations of 60 min and 90 min, respectively, demonstrated zeolite-T structure. One day synthesis duration was not sufficient for the formation of zeolite-T. From the results obtained by XRD and FESEM, it was found that samples underwent 60 min ultrasonic pre-treatment produced zeolite-T with higher crystallinity, while no significant changes on the morphology of the resultant zeolite-T synthesized using ultrasonic pre-treatment durations of 60 min and 90 min.
Buckling Analysis of C-Section Cold-Formed Steel Purlins under Uplift Loadings
Authors: Wu Xiao Feng , Zhao Yin Hai , Zhu Jue , Sun Chong , Xie Chao
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a finite element analysis model for C-section cold-formed steel members partially restrained in its rotational direction by sheeting is established. Analyses are carried out using the model to examine the ultimate load carrying capability of the members when they are subjected to uplift wind loading. The analyses consider the material and geometric nonlinearities. The numerical analysis results show that the sheeting restraints have significant influence on the structural performance of the C-section purlin. It can increase the ultimate load carrying capacity evidently.
An Airflow Analysis Study of Quadrotor Based Flying Sniffer Robot
Authors: Eu Kok Seng , Yap Kian Meng , Tee Tiam Hee
Published: September 2014

Wheeled based sniffer robots have been using in current research trend of odor plume tracking, but they have a serious pitfall because they only perform2D odor plume tracking which is ineffective. The main reason of being ineffective is because wheeled sniffer robots ignore the fact that the majority of odor plumes are released into 3D space instead of 2D space. Therefore, a flying sniffer robot is needed to overcome 3D odor plume tracking problem. In this paper, we propose to use a quadrotor as the locomotion of a flying sniffer robot. In order to make sure the quadrotor based flying sniffer robot can perform well in odor plumes tracking, we have carried out a detail study in airflow simulation analysis by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Besides, we also conducted experiments to determine the odor sensing ability of quadrotor based flying sniffer robot. From our experiments, we are able to identify the odor sensing region of quadrotor based flying sniffer robot in quantitative measurement. From airflow analysis simulation study and experiments, we proved that a quadrotor based flying sniffer robot is a feasible solution for 3D odor plume tracking.
Study on Anomaly Detection Methods in Hyperspectral Image
Authors: Wang Yi Ting , Huang Shi Qi , Wang Hong Xia , Liu Dai Zhi
Published: September 2014

Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can be used to make a correct spectral diagnosis on substances. So it is widely used in the field of target detection and recognition. However, it is very difficult to gather accurate prior information for target detect since the spectral uncertainty of objects is pervasive in existence. An anomaly detector can enable one to detect targets whose signatures are spectrally distinct from their surroundings with no prior knowledge. It becomes a focus in the field of target detection. Therefore, we study four anomaly detection algorithms and conclude with empirical results that use hyperspectral imaging data to illustrate the operation and performance of various detectors.
Matlab Simulation of System with Fuzzy Control in Kiln Temperature
Authors: Shi Xian Hong , Meng Qing Jin , Li Xiao Ming , Zheng Zheng , Ma Xiao Yan , Ma Qi Long
Published: September 2014

Temperature control requires a lot of control regulator. It has wide applications in cement, metallurgy and other industrial fields. The key equipment in metallurgy , cement, refractory materials production is Rotary kiln, of which temperature is one of the important parameters of process control .The kiln of calcination temperature in rotary kiln is an important factor affecting the quality and output of the kiln, and even cause the collapse of the kiln, affecting the normal operation of production. Based on the analysis for several important factors affecting the kiln temperature, the paper presents the application of fuzzy control in temperature control of rotary kiln. A fuzzy controller was established using the matlab fuzzy toolbox. A simulink rotary kiln fuzzy control system simulation was carried out on the kiln temperature control simulation. The simulation results show that the system response speed is faster and has better robustness compared with the traditional PID control system.
The Channel Capacity of Dual-Polarized MIMO Mobile Satellite System
Authors: Chen Jia Yin , Li Yuan , Yang Ming Chuan , Liu Xiao Feng
Published: September 2014

Applying Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology in terrestrial wireless networks can obtain large capacity gain. Therefore, MIMO technology is widely applied in satellite communication system, in which orbital positions are increasingly crowded and frequency resources are of shortage. This paper attempts to research on channel capacity in 2×2 dual-polarized MIMO mobile satellite (DMMS) system and discovers that when XPD (Cross Polarization Discrimination) is above zero, the channel capacity increases approximately linearly with the XPD within certain range. Adding Ricean factor K in consideration of its special features,the system’s capacity increases with the Ricean factor K. Simulation results demonstrate that the application of MIMO technology in satellite mobile communication system can improve the channel capacity significantly, providing great support for the development of future satellite MIMO technology.
Application Research of Virtual World Used in Special Education
Authors: Wang Min , Sun Chuan Ming , Dai Min Li
Published: September 2014

It is important to research the application of virtual world used in special education to promote the informatization of special education. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current problems faced by special education. Secondly, an application structure of virtual world for special education is designed based on Second Life. Finally, its advantages and the likely problems for Educators are discussed. This research can provide some reference for educators who should bring virtual world into special education classroom in future.
Single Scale Retinex for Infant Pain Recognition
Authors: Mansor Muhammad Naufal , Junoh Ahmad Kadri , Ahmed Amran , Kamarudin Hussin , Idris Azrini
Published: September 2014

This paper discussed the crucial demand regarding the scheme to translate the silence voice from the newborn. The infant can’t afford to express their feeling of pain by voice. Hence, we proudly present an infant pain recognition system to overcome this matter. We employed the Single Scale Retinex (SSR) to remove the illumination level. Secondly, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) was adopted as the feature extraction. We determine the condition of the infants (pain/no pain) with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Several diagnosis tests were performed to estimate the performance of the suggested method under various illumination levels.
Health Condition Assessment of Servomechanism Based on Grey Target Theory
Authors: Zheng Yu Hang , Ning Zi Cheng
Published: September 2014

According to exist problem of servomechanism health condition assessment because of complicated measurement data, a method that based on grey target theory is proposed. By combining the principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis to filter index and determine index weight, then target correlation was obtained by weighting the coefficient of correlation between measurement sequence and standard model that determined by required figure and measurement data, at last, health condition of servomechanism was assessed by matching health condition degree. Experiment shows that this method with clear procedure can exactly evaluate the servomechanism health condition.
A Novel Neural Network Based Modeling for Control of NOx Emission in Power Plant
Authors: Li Ping Kang , Pan Rui , Chen Chen
Published: September 2014

A novel neural network based modeling for non-linear model identification technique is proposed. It combines a nonlinear steady state model with a linear one, to describe the disturbance and dynamics in the coal-fired power plant. The modeling and training algorithm is used to develop a model of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from the process where one-step ahead optimal prediction formula are developed. Two cases show that the resulting model provides a better prediction of NOx and fitting capabilities.
Material Behaviour of Armco-Iron and AISI 4140 at High Speed Deformation during Machining
Authors: Zanger Frederik , Gerstenmeyer Michael
Published: September 2014

During machining of metals high temperatures and deformations occur at the surface layers leading to changing component states. Depending on the thermal and mechanical set of stress microstructural changes like residual stresses and grain refinement can be found. Grain refinement is influenced by the amount of deformation. In the present investigations high deformations of the surface layers are realized by using the cutting tool in opposed direction resulting in high negative rake angles. This test setup is used to investigate the material behaviour of Armco-Iron and AISI 4140 at different cutting velocities during machining. Furthermore the flow stresses at different strain rates and temperatures were determined by means of high speed tensile tests. The flow behaviour of the investigated materials is used to explain the results of the machining experiments.
Gear Hobbing – Research Activities and State of the Art
Authors: Karpuschewski Bernhard , Beutner Martin , Köchig Max , Wengler Mathias
Published: September 2014

In this presentation at first the overall economic importance of gear manufacturing is highlighted. Main application areas of gear boxes are analysed with regard to their future orientation, namely the automotive industry, the wind energy sector, aircraft applications as well as machine tools. Still by far the most important and dominating technology for gear manufacturing is gear hobbing. This process is briefly explained and main characteristics are mentioned. Besides the industrial aspects there is also a strong attention for a better understanding of the fundamental aspects of gear hobbing.
Evaluating Mobile Machine Tool Dynamics by Substructure Synthesis
Authors: Law Mohit , Rentzsch Hendrik , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: September 2014

Mobile machining solutions use autonomous machining units that can be transported to different part locations, making possible easy maintenance and repair of large industrial equipment. Every new part and location results in different boundary conditions for the mobile machine tool-part system; influencing the dynamics of the combined system and necessitating different strategies for part/machine referencing and clamping. To facilitate efficient mutability and modularity in mobile machining solutions, this paper presents a dynamic substructuring strategy that combines the response characteristics of the mobile machine unit with that of two different simulated base models under varying levels of contact stiffness and damping to obtain the synthesized mobile machine tool dynamic response. Numerical verification of the approach is provided. Framework presented can also combine measured response of parts for which models may not be available a priori. Methods presented provide experimental guidelines for establishing strategies for part/machine referencing, and planning of machining strategies based on the evaluated dynamics.
A Robust Algorithm for Autotuning Controllers in Mechatronic Modules
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Stanicki Andreas , Bröcker Markus , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander
Published: September 2014

Electric actuators are an important part of every manufacturing system. Often it is a problem to get a good motion control configuration which allows high performance tasks. This contribution shows how the mechanical load and the self-dynamics of the system associate. Based on this, it is possible to formulate an identification algorithm to estimate the mechanical load. Now all system parameters are known and the controller can compute automatically. Therefore we show the results in an experiment with a classic cascaded and a flatness-based controller.
Structural Mechanics Process Simulation of Linear Coil Winding
Authors: Bönig Jochen , Bickel Benjamin , Ebenhöch Matthias , Spahr Michael , Fischer Christian , Franke Jörg
Published: September 2014

Slowly but steadily, more and more electrical vehicles push onto the consumer market. To produce electrical engines cost efficient, in first-class quality and in sufficient quantity, it is indispensable to understand the process of winding. The prediction of the wire behaviour is one of the key challenges of coil winding. Therefore, a detailed model is built to investigate the wire behaviour during the linear winding process. The finite element based simulation tool ANSYS Workbench® serves as the static structural component tool. To represent the high dynamic process of winding within this simulation, some first adaptions have to be made. This means, that dynamic influences such as rotational speed or acceleration of the coil body are neglected. Within the static structural analysis, the given boundary conditions are applied to the model. The material properties of the wire under scrutiny are validated by a tensile test and by the values of the datasheets. In order to achieve the best convergence, different contact algorithms are selected for each individual contact behaviour. Furthermore, specific adjustments to the mesh are necessary to gain significant results. State of the art in coil winding is an experimental procedure, which delivers good process parameters and, thus, expertise in winding technology. However, there are a lot of different, interacting parameters, which have to be optimized in terms of boundary conditions. The simulation model of the winding process, where varying parameters can be optimized pertaining to the optimal winding result, calls for extensive research in the field. The generated model enables the user not only to influence the process parameters but also to modify the geometry of the winding body. To make the simulation scientifically sound, it is validated by experiments.
Energy KPI’s, Challenges for Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies, Analysis of Existing Rules and Indicators in an Industrial Environment in Relation to the Establishment of Energy Benchmark
Authors: Kreitlein Sven , Rackow Tobias , Franke Jörg
Published: September 2014

As this paper demonstrates, benchmarking is a powerful concept for increasing a company's success. It visualizes the differences in performance through internal or external indicators and is applied in almost all corporate divisions successfully. An important part of the benchmarking process is the selection of indicators that allow for a significant comparison. The requirements linked to the indicators are derived from the objectives of the specific benchmarking project. The use of benchmarking with respect to energy efficiency in product manufacturing promises a transparent presentation of performance differences and the possibility to derive optimization potentials - provided that appropriate energy figures can be found. The future challenge is to develop a system with standardized billing and key energy indicators that enable a cross-comparison of the energy efficiency in the production. This project is described in the research project E|Benchmark, part of the research network Green Factory Bavaria and funded by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science, Education and Arts.
Learning Factories for Sustainable Manufacturing - A Generic Design Approach
Authors: Helm René , Reise Carsten , Rößle Dominik
Published: September 2014

A learning factory is a learning environment that promotes the competent development of people. Highly qualified employees are a basic prerequisite for competitive and future-oriented production. Therefore, companies and universities increasingly tend to develop and operate learning factories. So far, existing learning factories are mainly used to mediate subjects as energy- and lean-management. In addition to these topics, it becomes increasingly important for many companies to sustainably produce now and in the future. However this topic is rarely taught in learning factories. This paper presents a concept of how companies and universities can qualify people in learning factories for the new challenges arising from a sustainable manufacturing strategy. For this, content and methods will be identified which affect the three dimensions of sustainability. Secondly, the feasibility to apply these contents and methods in a learning factory is assessed.
Mechanical Properties of Large Three-Dimensional Specimens Build through Direct Powder Deposition
Authors: Khazan Pavel , Stroth Malte , Freiße Hannes , Köhler Henry
Published: September 2014

This work presents the results of manufacturing three-dimensional tensile test specimens using widespread hardware usually deployed for laser cladding. Using a laser cladding processing head with coaxial powder feed and a 3-axis-CNC-system macroscopic three-dimensional tensile test specimens have been built by means of additive manufacturing process from cobalt-based Stellite 21 powder on a substrate made of S235JR steel. The additive process has been made by generating a CAD-model of the geometry under investigation and translating it into G-Code using VisCAM RP4.0 software from Marcam Engineering usually used for selective laser melting devices. An interface translating G-Code into program code which is executable by a CNC-system has been developed, additionally the CNC-code has been extended in order to trigger the processing laser. The specimens have been generated under consideration of three different exposure strategies with respect to path orientation in order to investigate their influence on mechanical properties of processed material. After the post-processing by milling and deburring the specimen underwent tensile tests, additionally metallographic investigations and hardness measurements have been done in order to investigate the influence of process parameters on porosity, cracks distribution and hardness of Stellite 21. It has been found that there are connections between process parameters and porosity and cracks of generated samples. Compared with cast material the Young’s Modulus has been found to decrease slightly without significant relation with path orientation, while ultimate tensile strength has been found to be higher than that of cast material, with a significant dependency of the orientation of the laser path. Achieved results show the technical possibility of creating three-dimensional samples by the widespread laser cladding process and hardware. Furthermore, static mechanical properties of generated parts prove to be competitive to as-cast parts in terms of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength.
Product-Quality Based Scheduling of Automated Food Processing
Authors: Wagner Marcel , Schleimer Tim , Seeberger Tobias , Reinhart Gunther
Published: September 2014

Production Planning and Control (PPC) does not only play an important role in the classical field of production. Concerning a trend to more customer related products and a so called buyers market, also the not yet strongly automated businesses have to think about topics like PPC. By forming a new automated shop floor in a commercial kitchen for example, new optimization criteria in the PPC play a crucial role. Especially in the manner of scheduling jobs different constraints concerning the handled products come up. This paper demonstrates a possibility to extend the criteria of PPC with the subjective parameter of product quality. This approach allows influencing an oven-control to reach the best product quality in its processing.
An Approach to Analyse the Volume Flexibility of Production Systems
Authors: Busch Jan , Görke Matthias , Krämer Dietmar
Published: September 2014

Modern enterprises face the challenge of volatile markets. The multifarious influencing factors particularly include uncertain demand quantities. This means that it is increasingly important for production systems to be able to react quickly. At the same time, it is becoming more and more difficult to adequately depict this specific volume flexibility due to the complexity of the systems involved. Although existing research work has recognised flexibility as a decisive competitive factor for production systems, the focus until now has only been on qualitative investigations. Quantitative approaches are only found for specific problems. This paper presents a new approach to depict and analyse the volume flexibility of production systems in consideration of existing definitions and approaches. The resulting paths of investigation serve as approaches for future research projects for a quantitative analysis and optimisation of the volume flexibility of production systems.
Analysing Internal Material Loads in Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kuschel Sven , Sölter Jens , Brinksmeier Ekkard
Published: September 2014

In order to generate desired functional properties in the surface layer of machined parts, today several iterative attempts are needed to achieve the specified surface and subsurface properties. Despite progress in simulation and modelling, which is limited to individual processes and investigations, a predictive adjustment of a manufacturing process in terms of a specific state of surface integrity is not possible. In this work, an alternative view regarding manufacturing processes, based on occurring internal physical mechanisms, is presented. It is shown for several processes, that the surface integrity due to material modifications can be correlated with internal material loads occurring during the process. To utilise this method in practical applications, approaches are presented which should enable a reduction in the complexity of the mathematical description of the internal material loading states.
Durability Quality Research of Cement Mortar Containing Solar PV Cells
Authors: Chen Sung Ching , Huang Ran , Hsu Hui Mi , Teng Li Wei , Lai Yu Pin
Published: September 2014

In this article we demonstrated the study results of durability quality of cement paste containing waste solar PV cells. The conclusions were made on effect of this cement replacement. The use of ground solar cells on the durability properties of cement-based composite was investigated. As a result, we identified the factors affecting the durability for those of cement mortar specimens which predefined and made in lab.
A Study on the Deduction of Major Construction Wastes in Construction Phase through Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Kim Rakh Yun , Tae Sung Ho , Roh Seung Jun
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to deduce the major construction wastes to be managed using environmental impact assessment for construction wastes generated in the construction phase. To accomplish this, the amount of construction waste discharged in the construction phase was analyzed using loss rate and weight conversion factor in the Standard of Estimate for Construction Works. Based on the result of construction waste generation deduced, major construction wastes were extracted with consideration on 6 comprehensive environmental impacts including potential, abiotic depletion potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential. As a result, 5 major building materials such as concrete, concrete block, rebar, cement and polystyrene panel were deduced as major cpmstruction wastes in construction phase.
Analysis of Structural Integrity of a Building Using an Artificial Neural Network ARTMAP-Fuzzy-Wavelet
Authors: Parra dos Anjos Lima Fernando , Silva Frutuoso de Souza Simone , Chavarette Fábio Roberto , Martins Lopes Mara Lúcia , Turra Antonio Eduardo , Lopes Júnior Vicente
Published: September 2014

This paper presents an ARTMAP-Fuzzy-Wavelet artificial neural network to perform the analysis of the structural integrity of a building. The combination of Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, wavelets transform to generate a tool that performs the identification and characterization of structural failure. This method is applied as a support tool for professionals in the inspection of mechanical and building structures to identify and characterize flaws in order to carry out preventive maintenance to ensure the integrity of the structure and decision making. In order to validate the methodology perform mathematical modeling of a building of two walk, and from this model were simulated different situations (base-line condition and improper conditions), yielding a database of signals that serve as input ARTMAP-Fuzzy-Wavelet neural network. The results obtained by ARTMAP-Fuzzy-Wavelet shown efficiency and robustness.
Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica
Authors: Weerasunthorn Sasirada , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: September 2014

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.
Mechanical Properties of PLA/LLDPE Films Reinforced with Silica from Rice Husk
Authors: Sareeladdanon Supavinee , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: September 2014

Nanocomposite is one of the most favorable approaches to improve mechanical properties of polymers. This study prepared polymer composite of PLA and LLDPE with different amount of rice husk silica (0.5 and 1 wt%). The composites were prepared by melt-mixing in a twin-screw extruder and processed into film by a chill roll cast extruder. The mechanical properties were investigated through tensile testing and tear testing. The result show that the tensile modulus of PLA decreased with 1wt% rice husk silica. Similarly, tensile modulus of LLDPE dropped with the addition of silica. However, with the addition 0.5 and 1 wt% rice husk silica, the elongation at break of PLA and LLDPE composites increases significantly.
Use of Macadamia Nutshell in the Production of Eucalyptus Salign Particleboards
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Santos , de Campos Cristiane Inácio , Gonçalves Marcos Tadeu Tibúrcio
Published: September 2014

Alternative raw materials have been studied for the total or partial replacement of wood in wood panels, in order to decrease the use of wood and to recovery waste. The present study tested the influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the panels produced with particles of Eucalyptus saligna and macadamia nutshell. For this were produced panels in proportions of 0%, 30%, 60% and 100% with respect to the macadamia nutshells. With the obtained results it was noticed that the increasing of the nutshell proportion led to a decrease in the dimensional stability, internal bonding and bending strength. These results were primarily due to the geometry of the particles of macadamia nutshell, besides being thicker, not allowing a good interaction between them and the adhesive, they were shorter, reducing the bending strength.
Wear Response of Composition-Modulated Multilayer Ni-W Coatings
Authors: Udompanit Nattadon , Wangyao Panyawat , Henpraserttae Suparoek , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant
Published: September 2014

The present studies investigate the wear response of composition-modulated multilayer Ni-W coatings as fabricated by electrodeposition. By regulating the pulse waveforms of the applied currents, the chemical composition, grain size, and the individual layer thickness of the electrodeposited Ni-W CMMC can be tailored. The ball-on-disc test and the subsequent microstructural analysis indicates that the wear resistance and friction coefficient of Ni-W CMMC are influenced by the composition and the thickness of the individual alternating layer. The decrement of interlayer’s size monotoically increase wear resistance and friction coefficient.
Prognosis the Erosion-Corrosion Rates for Slurry Seawater Flow in Steel Pipeline Using Neural System
Authors: El-Shenawy Ahmed , Shehadeh Mohamed
Published: September 2014

The work of this paper proposes a new technique for estimating and predicting erosion corrosion rate for laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. The technique depends on the neural networks Artificial Intelligent algorithms. Based on experimental results, which was applied to A 106 carbon-steel pipes, the networks are trained. Four velocities (Reynolds numbers) are used for laminar and four for turbulent regimes. The experiments also used seawater containment three different concentrations of sand. For each experiment the iron losses were measured six times in three hours’ time interval. The proposed estimating/predicting system managed to find values between the readings as well as predict the behavior of the erosion corrosion rate for extra three hours. The estimated/predicted results have been developed to find the transient zone between the Laminar and Turbulent flow regimes and investigating its effects on the erosion-corrosion behavior.
Multiscale Model of Shape Rolling Taking into Account the Microstructure Evolution – Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Łach Łukasz , Svyetlichnyy Dmytro
Published: September 2014

The use of appropriate forming processes allows to obtain materials of required quality, which are fulfill different technological criteria. The basic type of properties, which are fundamental for material use in specific operating conditions, are mechanical ones. They directly depend on the microstructure. Model of microstructure evolution allows for multi-criteria optimization of technological processes in view of final product properties, taking into account technological conditions. The objective of this study is development a multiscale model of microstructure evolution during the shape rolling process and presentation the finite element modeling results for 5 mm round bars rolled in diamond, oval and round grooves. The model allows to obtain parameters of technological process (by means of finite element model - FEM) and microstructural parameters (with use cellular automata - CA). FEM is used for design and selection of the grooves on the first stage [1] and for the simulations of shape rolling process in macro scale on the second stage. The next stage includes the use of FEM modeling results for simulation of microstructure evolution by cellular automata. The article presents the simulation results of shape rolling (5 mm round bars in diamond - oval scheme) with used the finite element method. This stage is the second one in the calculation sequence of the developed multiscale model. The basic process parameters such as temperature, components of strain and strain rate tensors and strain rate intensity at arbitrary points of deformed material are the modeling results. Selected FEM simulation results are presented in the article.
Influence of Moisture Content in some Mechanical Properties of Two Brazilian Tropical Wood Species
Authors: Branco Luiz A. Melgaço N. , Chahud Eduardo , Christoforo André Luis , Rocco Lahr Francisco Antonio , Battistelle Rosane A.G. , Valarelli Ivaldo D.
Published: September 2014

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.
Experimental Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulation Materials Used in Residential Buildings
Authors: Jeong Young Sun
Published: September 2014

The most basic way to keep comfortable indoor environments for a building’s occupants and save energy for space heating and cooling in residential buildings is to insulate the building envelope. Among the building materials to be used, thermal insulation materials primarily influence thermal performance. In particular, the type, thermal conductivity, density, and thickness of heat insulator, are important factors influencing thermal insulation performance. We investigate the design status of residential buildings which were designed in accordance with the building code of Korea and selected the type of thermal insulation materials applied to the walls of buildings. The present study aims at measuring the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials used for building walls of residential buildings. In this study, after collecting the design documents of 129 residential buildings, we investigated the type and thickness of insulation materials on the exterior wall specified in the design documents. As the thermal insulation materials, extruded polystyrene (XPS) board and expanded polystyrene(EPS) board are used the most widely in Korea when designing residential buildings. The thickness of thermal insulation materials applied to the exterior wall was 70mm, most frequently applied to the design. We measured the thermal conductivity and the density of XPS board and EPS board. When the density of XPS and EPS was 30~35 kg/㎥, the thermal conductivity of XPS was 0.0292 W/mK and it of EPS was 0.0316 W/mK.
Electrical Discharge Grinding (EDG) of Polycrystalline Diamond - Effect of Machining Polarity
Authors: Rahim Mohammad Zulafif , Ding Song Lin , Mo John
Published: September 2014

Electrical discharge grinding (EDG) is an advanced machining process and can be utilised to fabricate complex geometry of PCD tools. However, the PCD removal mechanism in this process is complicated. This study was carried out to understand the difference in PCD surface structure with difference EDG polarities. The study revealed that the finishing process with negative polarity is the reason for the porous structure on the surface. Further analysis on the chemical element and carbon structure were implemented as the morphological examination of the surface.
Screening for Welding Defects Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Aboali Abdalla , El-Shaib Mohamed , Sharara Ashraf , Shehadeh Mohamed
Published: September 2014

– Welding defects can create a major threat in industrial equipments and pressure vessels can during operation. Detecting and identifying of existing welding defects has a great role in the assessment of the probability of failure in different situations. Acoustic emission (AE) is only a nondestructive technique that can be used as in-service testing and used on large structures. This paper examines the changes in the properties of AE source generated from Pencil Lead Break (PLB). AE is recorded across different seam welds with pre-identified welding defects. Series of experiments are carried out on three certified standard Carbon Steel plates. Each plate has different pre-identified defect such as lack of fusion, porosity and slag. Different AE parameters such Energy, Amplitude and number of counts have been used to identify quantitatively the type of defects. The results are showing that AE technique is capable to identifying the different defects types which can be upgraded for higher productivity and accuracy for welding inspection.
Bridge Fire Risk Assessment on the Highway in South Korea
Authors: Jeoung Chan , Kim Woo Seok , Gil Heung Bae , Lee Il Keun , Yun Sung Hwan
Published: September 2014

Fire event is the one of most severe event on the bridge. Fire event on the bridge has been reported annual average 8 cases in South Korea. Especially Bucheon viaduct fire cause catastrophic damage on the traffic system. This study developed and conducted fire risk assessment for existing bridge on the highway. Entire risk assessment procedure divided into 3 sections, PRA, SRA and DRA. PRA check fire scenario possibility. SRA check key parameter of fire risk by checklist. DRA is a precision risk assessment and find what part makes bridge high risk.
About Verification of Discrete-Continual Finite Element Method for Two-Dimensional Problems of Structural Analysis Part 1: Deep Beam with Constant Physical and Geometrical Parameters along Basic Direction
Authors: Akimov Pavel A. , Mozgaleva Marina L. , Negrozov Oleg A.
Published: September 2014

The distinctive paper is devoted to verification of discrete-continual finite element method (DCFEM) for two-dimensional problems of structural analysis. Formulation of the problem for deep beam with constant physical and geometrical parameters along so-called its basic direction, solutions obtained by DCFEM and finite element method (FEM) /with the use of ANSYS Mechanical/, their comparison are presented. It was confirmed that DCFEM is more effective in the most critical, vital, potentially dangerous areas of structure in terms of fracture (areas of the so-called edge effects), where some components of solution are rapidly changing functions and their rate of change in many cases can’t be adequately taken into account by the standard finite element method.
Model of Two-Link Planar Robot on SimulationX
Authors: Jomartov Assylbek
Published: September 2014

The paper shows a simulation of the motion of simple planar robot, consisting of two links and kinematic drives on SimulationX. Model of robot takes into account the characteristics of the servomotors. The simulation results of robot motion can be obtained in a convenient graphical form for subsequent analysis. The model can be used in laboratory work by students in the universities of Kazakhstan.
Damage Detection Using Lamb Waves (Review)
Authors: Yang Zai Lin , Elgamal Hamada M. , Wang Yao
Published: September 2014

Several techniques have been researched for detecting damage in plates. Each of these techniques offers their own unique advantages in detecting certain types of damage with various levels of analytical complexity. Lamb waves are guided waves that exist in thin walled structures. Because this type of wave can travel long distance with little attenuation, they have been studied intensively for structural health monitoring, especially in the past few decades.
This paper presents an overview of using the Lamb waves in damage detection including the theory of lamb waves and the lamb-wave-based damage identification.
The Migration Behaviors of Individual Fe Adatom on Fe Nanoparticle
Authors: Dong Chen
Published: September 2014

The migration behaviors of Fe adatom on Fe nanoparticles have been explored by the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. We take nanoparticle consisting of 2465 atoms as an example to illustrate the energy barriers and the migration pathways of Fe adatom on Fe nanoparticle. For the adatom at the three typical kinds of locations, the hopping mechanism is more favorable with the lowest barriers and the exchange mechanism requires relatively higher energies. For the single adatom far away from the interface region, a single adatom on each nanoparticle facet follows a migration behavior similar to that on a bcc surface. In the interface region, there is a competition between the direct crossing mechanism and the indirect crossing mechanism. In addition, the locations have obvious influences on the migration behaviors of the adatom and the effects are to some extent restricted by the migration mechanism.
Comparative Study on the Coordination of Food Production and Farmers’ Income in Heilongjiang
Authors: Zhang De Hua
Published: September 2014

Heilongjiang, as the nation’s major commodity food base and major food production province, has been among the front rank of nation’s food output. The paper constructs the coordination index to judge the coordination between food production and farmers’ income with reference to the comparative advantage theory. Finally, the paper gets the conclusion that Heilongjiang is the most unbalance provinces of whole China. If want to change the situation, Heilongjiang governments should improve farmers’ income growth.
Cosserat Elastoplastic Finite Elements for Masonry Structures
Authors: Godio Michele , Stefanou Ioannis , Sab Karam , Sulem Jean
Published: September 2014

A Finite Elements formulation previously developed for Cosserat elastic plates, has been extended herein to the elastoplastic framework. Material non-linearities are taken into account through the implementation of a backward-Euler closest-point-projection algorithm, for which the definition of non-smooth yield loci and non-associated plastic potentials and evolution laws is made possible. An existing homogenized elastic constitutive model and a set of yield criteria for the out-of-plane behaviour of block-masonry are implemented in the code and their validity is discussed based on the comparison with Discrete Elements simulations. The comparison is carried out in both the static and the dynamic regime.
Stress and Strain Recovery of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shells and Panels Using Higher-Order Formulations
Authors: Viola Erasmo , Tornabene Francesco , Fantuzzi Nicholas
Published: September 2014

The present paper investigates the static behaviour of doubly-curved laminated composite shells and panels. A two dimensional Higher-order Equivalent Single Layer approach, based on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), is proposed. The differential geometry is used for the geometric description of shells and panels. The numerical solution is calculated using the generalized differential quadrature method. The through-the-thickness strains and stresses are computed using a three dimensional stress recovery procedure based on the shell equilibrium equations. Sandwich panels are considered with soft cores. The numerical results are compared with the ones obtained with a finite element code. The proposed higher-order formulations can be used for solving elastic problems involved in the first stage of any scientific procedure of analysis and design of masonry structures.