bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RBM10 regulates alternative splicing of lncRNA Neat1 to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC
Authors: Cong Shan , Di Xin , Li Ranwei , Cao Yingshu , Jin Xin , Tian Chang , Zhao Min , Wang Ke
Published: November 2022

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 85% of the total cases with lung cancer. NSCLC is characterized by easy metastasis, which often spreads to bones, brains and livers. RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is an alternative splicing (AS) regulator frequently mutated in NSCLC. We found that there were multiple peak binding sites between RBM10 and long non-coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (LncRNA Neat1) by crosslinking-immunprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (Clip-Seq). LncRNA Neat1 plays an indispensable role in promoting cancer in a variety of tumors and produces two splicing variants: Neat1_1 and Neat1_2. This study aims to explore the mechanism of RBM10 and LncRNA Neat1 in invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.

Methods

Through histological and cytological experiments, we assessed the expression level of RBM10 protein expression. The interaction between RBM10 and Neat1 was evaluated via Clip-Seq and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of RBM10 on Neat1 and its splicing variants was identified by RT-qPCR. The effect of RBM10 and Neat1 on invasive and metastasis phenotypes of NSCLC was analyzed using transwell invasion assay and scratch test. Additionally, downstream signaling pathway of RBM10 were identified by immunofluorescence and western blot.

Results

RBM10 exhibited low levels of expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. RBM10 inhibited the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC and recruited Neat1 and Neat1_2. Overexpression of RBM10 simultaneously inhibited Neat1 and Neat1_2, and promoted the expression of Neat1_1. On the other hand, silencing RBM10 promoted Neat1 and Neat1_2, and inhibited the expression of Neat1_1. From this, we concluded that RBM10 regulated AS of Neat1, and the tumor-promoting effect of Neat1 was mainly attributed to Neat1_2. RBM10 had a negative correlation with Neat1_2. In addition, RBM10 upregulated the expression of PTEN and downregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR through Neat1_2, which ultimately inhibited the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.

Conclusion

The RBM10 regulated AS of Neat1 to cause the imbalance of Neat1_1 and Neat1_2, and RBM10 suppressed the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal by downregulating Neat1_2, finally affected the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.
Improved adherence to test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among Over-the-Counter Medicine Sellers (OTCMS) through interventions implemented in selected rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana
Authors: Soniran Olajoju Temidayo , Mensah Benedicta Ayiedu , Cheng Ndong Ignatius , Abuaku Benjamin , Ahorlu Collins Stephen
Published: November 2022

Background

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of malaria prevents a mild case from developing into severe disease and death. Unfortunately, parasitological testing of febrile children is greater in the public and formal private sector than in the informal private sector where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. This study was aimed at improving implementation of the T3 policy among OTCMS using some interventions that could be scaled-up easily at the national level.

Methods

Interventions were evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts of Ghana. A total of 7 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities participated in the study. Five interventions were implemented in the intervention arm only. These were acquisition of subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, training of OTCMS, supportive visits to OTCMS, community sensitization on malaria, and introduction of malaria surveillance tool. The primary outcome was the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and getting tested (using RDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes included OTCMS adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and the recommended RDT retail price. Outcomes were measured using mystery client (an adult who pretends to be a real patient) surveys supplemented by a household survey. Proportions were compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact test.

Results

Following deployment of interventions, mystery client survey showed that OTCMS’ adherence to malaria protocol in the intervention arm increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control arm. Household surveys in the intervention arm showed that caregivers self-treating their children or visiting drug vendors significantly decreased in favour of visits to OTCMS shops for treatment (p < 0.001). End-line malaria testing rate was higher compared with the baseline rate, though not statistically significant (30.8% vs 10.5%; p = 0.1238). OTCMS in the intervention arm also adhered to the subsidized RDT retail price of GHc2.40.

Conclusion

Interventions targeting OTCMS in rural communities have the potential of improving adherence to the T3 malaria policy and subsequently improving management of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana.

Trial registration: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926. Registered on 4 November 2019.
Determination of critical concentration for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against para-aminosalicylic acid with clinical isolates with thyA, folC and dfrA mutations
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Shanshan , Ge Qiping , Guo Haiping , Shang Yuanyuan , Ren Weicong , Wang Yufeng , Xue Zhongtan , Lu Jie , Pang Yu
Published: November 2022

Background & Objectives

Accurate determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles is of great importance to formulate optimal regimens against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Although para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) has been widely used clinically, the reliable testing methods for PAS susceptibility were not established. Herein, we aimed to establish critical test concentration for PAS on the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 in our laboratory settings.

Methods

A total of 102 clinical isolates were included in this study, including 82 wild-type and 20 resistotype isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by MGIT 960. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify the mutation patterns potentially conferring PAS resistance. Sequence alignment and structure modelling were carried out to analyze potential drug-resistant mechanism of folC mutant.

Results

Overall, the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution demonstrated excellent separation between wild-type and resistotype isolates. The wild-type population were all at least 1 dilution below 4 μg/ml, and the resistotype population were no lower than 4 μg/ml, indicating that 4 μg/ml was appropriate critical concentration to separate these two populations. Of 20 mutant isolates, 12 (60.0%) harbored thyA mutations, 2 (10%) had a mutation on upstream of dfrA, and the remaining isolates had folC mutations. Overall, thyA and folC mutations were scattered throughout the whole gene without any one mutation predominating. All mutations within thyA resulted in high-level resistance to PAS (MIC > 32 μg/ml); whereas the MICs of isolates with folC mutations exhibited great diversity, ranged from 4 to > 32 μg/ml, and sequence and structure analysis partially provided the possible reasons for this diversity.

Conclusions

We propose 4 μg/ml as tentative critical concentration for MGIT 960. The major mechanism of PAS resistance is mutations within thyA and folC in MTB isolations. The whole-gene deletion of thyA locus confers high-level resistance to PAS. The diversity of many distinct mutations scattered throughout the full-length folC gene challenges the PCR-based mutation analysis for PAS susceptibility.
Exosomes loaded with ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles: a novel low-toxicity alternative to cisplatin
Authors: Sancho-Albero María , Martín-Pardillos Ana , Lujan Lluís , Sebastian Víctor , Santamaria Jesús , Martín-Duque Pilar
Published: November 2022

Background

Platinum nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have excellent anticancer properties. However, because of the lack of specificity they must be delivered to the tumor in amounts sufficient to reach the desired therapeutic objectives. Interestingly, exosomes are considered as excellent natural selective delivery nanotools, but until know their targeting properties have not being combined with the anticancer properties of platinum nanoparticles.

Results

In this work we combine the targeting capabilities of exosomes and the antitumoral properties of ultrasmall (< 2 nm) platinum nanoparticles as a novel, low toxicity alternative to the use of cisplatin. A mild methodology based on the room temperature CO-assisted in situ reduction of Pt2+ precursor was employed to preserve the integrity of exosomes, while generating ultrasmall therapeutic PtNPs directly inside the vesicles. The resulting PtNPs-loaded exosomes constitute a novel hybrid bioartificial system that was readily internalized by the target cells inducing antiproliferative response, as shown by flow cytometry and microscopy experiments in vitro. In vivo Pt-Exos showed antitumoral properties similar to that of cisplatin but with a strongly reduced or in some cases no toxic effect, highlighting the advantages of this approach and its potential for translation to the clinic.

Conclusions

In this study, a nanoscale vector based on ultrasmall PtNPs and exosomes has been created exhibiting antitumoral properties comparable or higher to those of the FDA approved cisplatin. The preferential uptake of PtNPs mediated by exosomal transfer between certain cell types has been exploited to create a selective antitumoral novel bioartificial system. We have demonstrated their anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo comparing the results obtained with the administration of equivalent amounts of cisplatin, and showing a spectacular reduction of toxicity.
Lymphatic metastasis-associated circRNA‒miRNA‒mRNA network for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic target of triple negative breast cancer based on whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis: an experimental verification study
Authors: Luo Jiayue , Cao Dong , Hu Chuwen , Liang Zhen , Zhang Yuanping , Lai Jianguo
Published: November 2022

Background

The metastatic mechanisms of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. We aimed to identify the potential circRNA regulatory network in ALN metastasis.

Methods

We performed whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) to determine the expression profiles of RNAs and screen out differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEMs), microRNAs (DEMis), and circRNAs (DECs) between ALN-positive and ALN-negative TNBC patients. Functional enrichment analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were utilized to unearth the potential regulatory mechanisms of the DEMs. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed using computational biology. The expression levels of DECs in cell lines were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR).

Results

Following WTS and differential expression analysis, 739 DEMs, 110 DEMis, and 206 DECs were identified between ALN-positive and ALN-negative TNBC patients. Functional analysis indicated that the DEMs mainly functioned in carcinogenesis and tumor progression-related pathways. ceRNA networks containing eight circRNAs, six miRNAs, and eighteen mRNAs were developed. In the ceRNA network, two mRNAs (RAB3D and EDARADD) that were significantly associated with better overall survival and one mRNA (GSR) that predicted favorable recurrence-free survival in TNBC patients were chosen for further analysis. Then, a survival-related ceRNA network containing two DECs (hsa_circ_0061260 and hsa_circ_0060876), two DEMis (hsa-miR-5000-3p and hsa-miR-4792), and three mRNAs (GSR, RAB3D, and EDARADD) was identified. Then, two candidate DECs were validated by real-time PCR.

Conclusion

Our research constructed a ceRNA network that provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of ALN metastasis and potential therapeutic targets in TNBC.
Assessment of selected heavy metals in honey samples using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), Ethiopia
Authors: Tibebe Dessie , Hussen Mohammed , Mulugeta Marye , yenealem Dereje , Moges Zerubabile , Gedefaw Mohammed , Kassa Yezbie
Published: November 2022

Honey is a natural, sugary and sticky liquid that is produced from the nectars of flowers by the bees. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of some selected heavy Metals in honey samples. 1 g of honey sample was digested by a hot plate using 9ml of HNO3 and 3ml of H2O2. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the digested were detected using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results of this study found that the concentrations of the heavy metals in the honey samples were ranged from 1.97 to 2.04 µg/g for Zn, 1.93 µg/g to 2 µg/g for Cu, 0.83 to 1.01 µg/g for Mn, 0.25 to 0.45 µg/g for Cr, 0.025–0.031 µg/g for Cd. However, Pb was not detected in all honey samples. Hence, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the World Health Organization. From the results, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the World Health Organization. Thus, the heavy metals in the sampled honey are safe for human consumption in these selected areas.
Laboratory diagnostics for human Leishmania infections: a polymerase chain reaction-focussed review of detection and identification methods
Authors: Gow Ineka , Smith Nicholas C. , Stark Damien , Ellis John
Published: November 2022

Leishmaniainfections span a range of clinical syndromes and impact humans from many geographic foci, but primarily the world’s poorest regions. Transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly,Leishmaniainfections are increasing with human movement (due to international travel and war) as well as with shifts in vector habitat (due to climate change). Accurate diagnosis of the 20 or so species ofLeishmaniathat infect humans can lead to the successful treatment of infections and, importantly, their prevention through modelling and intervention programs. A multitude of laboratory techniques for the detection ofLeishmaniahave been developed over the past few decades, and although many have drawbacks, several of them show promise, particularly molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction. This review provides an overview of the methods available to diagnostic laboratories, from traditional techniques to the now-preferred molecular techniques, with an emphasis on polymerase chain reaction-based detection and typing methods.

Graphical abstract
Partial otubain 1 deficiency compromises fetal well-being in allogeneic pregnancies despite no major changes in the dendritic cell and T cell compartment
Authors: Stutz Annika , Nishanth Gopala , Zenclussen Ana C. , Schumacher Anne
Published: November 2022

Objective

Pregnancy is characterized by well-defined immunological adaptions within the maternal immune cell compartment allowing the survival of a genetically disparate individual in the maternal womb. Phenotype and function of immune cells are largely determined by intracellular processing of external stimuli. Ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes are known to critically regulate immune signaling either by modulating the stability or the interaction of the signaling molecules. Accordingly, if absent, critical physiological processes may be perturbed such as fetal tolerance induction. Based on previous findings that mice hemizygous for the deubiquitinating enzyme otubain 1 (OTUB1) do not give rise to homozygous progeny, here, we investigated whether partial OTUB1 deficiency influences fetal-wellbeing in a syngeneic or an allogeneic pregnancy context accompanied by changes in the dendritic cell (DC) and T cell compartment.

Results

We observed increased fetal rejection rates in allogeneic pregnant OTUB1 heterozygous dams but not syngeneic pregnant OTUB1 heterozygous dams when compared to OTUB1 wildtype dams. Fetal demise in allogeneic pregnancies was not associated with major changes in maternal peripheral and local DC and T cell frequencies. Thus, our results suggest that OTUB1 confers fetal protection, however, this phenotype is independent of immune responses involving DC and T cells.
Secure routing protocol based on dynamic reputation and load balancing in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Yuan Xiaogang , Chen Yipiao
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the characteristics of dynamic topology change and vulnerability of wireless mesh networks (WMN), a secure routing protocol based on dynamic reputation and load balance (SRP-DRLB) is proposed to improve the routing security and load balance. By dynamically predicting of the reputation and traffic of the node in WMN, SRP-DRLB adopts edge weight strategy and node load idleness to avoid the competitive access of a large number of data packets to nodes with high reputation. SRP-DRLB dynamically adjusts routes according to the real-time status of network nodes’ reputation and traffic, reducing the impact of malicious nodes on the network and the overload of high-reputation nodes, thus improving the identification rate of malicious nodes and node load balancing. Simulation results show that SRP-DRLB can effectively ensure the security of data transmission, and it has the advantages of improving the identification rate of malicious nodes, the success rate of packet transmission and avoiding network congestion.
The EU and the Western Balkans’ response during the migrant crisis
Authors: Komljenović Marija
Published: November 2022

Background

The European Green Deal does not consider the issue of migrant inclusion, nor are there specific data on the risk of migrants falling into energy poverty, social exclusion, and other data that could help create an effective policy that would be applied in this area. The main objective of this study is to assess the current status of the migrant population when it comes to risk from poverty (including energy poverty) and social exclusion in four (4) EU countries with the most significant influx of migrants.

Results

An analysis included two main indicators aimed to describe level of risk of migrants to fall into energy poverty: (a) persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by group of citizenship (population aged 18 and over, male and female); and (b) Migrant Integration Policy Index. The results revealed that foreign-born citizens have greater poverty or social exclusion risk. In 2020, citizens of Sweden that were not born in the EU28 had more than 360% greater chance than national citizens of being at risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion. In France, foreign citizens were 340% more likely to be exposed to poverty than national citizens, while Germany records the highest rate: 250% in 2020. The United Kingdom rates demonstrate an increased 10% (2014–2018) difference in the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens. In addition, results obtained by using the Migrant Integration Policy Index showed highest level of Anti-discrimination score is highest in Sweden, and lowest in Albania. On the other hand, Labor market mobility score is highest in Sweden, and lowest in Slovenia.

Conclusions

Bearing in mind the results of the research, the primary recommendations elaborated in the paper are as follows: (a) up-to-date collection and innovation of data for the migrant population (including data on energy poverty); (b) creation of conditions for more efficient employment of migrants; (c) adoption of special measures to protect migrants from energy poverty, and (d) strengthening of cooperation between the EU and to non-EU countries on the migrant route.
Global trends and frontiers in research on coronary microvascular dysfunction: a bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Gao Jing , Meng Tiantian , Li Min , Du Ruolin , Ding Jingyi , Li Anqi , Yu Shanshan , Li Yixiang , He Qingyong
Published: November 2022

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a leading cause of ischemic heart disease. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made with respect to research on CMD. The present study summarized the current research hotspots and trends on CMD by applying a bibliometric approach.

Methods

Relevant publications between 2002 and 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. Visualization network maps of countries, institutions, authors, and co-cited authors were built using VOSviewer. CiteSpace was used for keyword analysis and the construction of a dual-map overlay of journals and a timeline view of co-cited references.

Results

1539 CMD-related publications were extracted for bibliometric analysis. The annual publications generally showed an upward trend. The United States of America was the most prolific country, with 515 publications (33.5%). Camici P. G. was the most influential author, whereas the European Heart Journal, Circulation, and Journal of the American College of Cardiology were the most authoritative journals. Research hotspot analysis revealed that endothelial dysfunction as well as reduced nitric oxide production or bioavailability played critical roles in CMD development. Positron emission tomography was the most widely used imaging method for diagnosis. In addition, microvascular angina, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure have attracted much attention as the main clinical implications. Furthermore, international standards for CMD diagnosis and management may be the future research directions.

Conclusions

This study offers a comprehensive view about the hotspots and development trends of CMD, which can assist subsequent researchers and guide future directions.
Chinese patients’ response to doctor–patient relationship stimuli: evidence from an event-related potential study
Authors: Ye Zehan , Pang Jiaoyan , Ding Wei , He Wen
Published: November 2022

Background

With improvements in medical technology, the doctor–patient relationship should be further improved. However, disputes between doctors and patients have increased, with the two groups frequently hurting each other. Therefore, we sought to explore the perception of Chinese patients regarding the stimuli of doctor–patient relationships with different valence.

Methods

We used event-related potential (ERP) to explore the brain electrical activity of 19 undergraduate participants who had a clinical experience in the previous 6 months where they perceived negative, neutral, and positive doctor–patient relationships. The ERPs were recorded, and the early ERP components (P2) and late positive potential (LPP) were measured.

Results

Compared with the stimuli of negative doctor–patient relationships, those of positive doctor–patient relationships would attract more attention and have larger P2 amplitude; LPP was larger for the stimuli of negative doctor–patient relationships than neutral ones in the 500–800 ms, while in the 1100–1500 ms, the stimuli of neutral doctor–patient relationships elicited larger LPP amplitude than positive ones.

Conclusion

Patients paid more attention to the stimuli of positive doctor–patient relationships because they expected to have the same positive relationship. Although threatening elements in negative doctor–patient relationships would catch patients’ attention and make them have implicit emotional regulation, neutral stimuli with poker-faced doctors would cause lasting attention. These results illustrate the patients’ real perception of the different valence of doctor–patient relationship stimuli.
The assessment, development, and measurement of human capacity building programs for El Salvador’s textile and apparel industry
Authors: McAndrews Laura E. , Ha-Brookshire Jung E.
Published: November 2022

Sustained competitive advantage in developing nations is driven by human development through intangible assets that come from education. Grounded from Barney’s (Journal of Management 17:99–120, 1991) resource-based theory, this study was designed (a) to assess El Salvador’s textile and apparel (T&A) industry by identifying key knowledge gaps, (b) to create human capacity building opportunities using Kolb’s experiential learning theory for T&A supply chain members, and (c) to measure effectiveness of such opportunities through principle-attributes matrix, ultimately helping the industry sector compete. A case study research study approach was used to develop a comprehensive approach to develop four educational workshops for Salvadorian T&A supply chain members from April 2019 to February 2020. Pre and post surveys measured workshops’ effectiveness in knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in pre- and post means for knowledge, skills, and attitudes for all four workshops. Further analysis showed that each of the workshops statistically changed participants’ human capacity in supply chain management, product development, marketing, and CAFTA-DR provisions. The study shows that educational theory could be used successfully for human capacity building in developing nations and supply chain training.
Does Hypoxia and Stress Erythropoiesis Compromise Cardiac Function in Healthy Adults? A Randomized Trial
Authors: Arrebola-Moreno Antonio L. , Casuso Rafael A. , Bejder Jacob , Bonne Thomas Christian , Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Aragón-Vela Jerónimo , Nordsborg Nikolai B. , Huertas Jesús R.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injections during an altitude training camp impact heart function.

Methods

Thirty (12 women) moderately trained subjects stayed at 2320 m altitude for 4 weeks while training. Subjects were randomized to placebo (isotonic saline) or rHuEPO (20 IU/kg body weight) i.v. injections. Transthoracic echocardiography imaging was acquired 3 days after arrival to altitude and prior to the first placebo or rHuEPO injection as well as one day after the last rHuEPO injection three weeks later.

Results

rHuEPO did not alter cardiovascular morphology parameters, systolic or diastolic function. In the placebo group, altitude exposure improved left ventricle (LV) systolic function due to an increased twist angle but rHuEPO had no additional effects. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was unaffected in either group. Notably, rHuEPO hampered LV untwist rate without affecting LV early filling.

Conclusion

rHuEPO provided during mild altitude exposure does not cause any major effects on heart function. The observed alteration in LV untwist induced by rHuEPO is unlikely to have a meaningful clinical effect.

Trial Registration Registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04227665).
Robot-assisted early mobilization of intensive care patients: a feasibility study protocol
Authors: Warmbein Angelika , Schroeder Ines , Mehler-Klamt Amrei , Rathgeber Ivanka , Huber Jana , Scharf Christina , Hübner Lucas , Gutmann Marcus , Biebl Johanna , Lorenz Andreas , Kraft Eduard , Zoller Michael , Eberl Inge , Fischer Uli
Published: November 2022

Background

Early mobilization positively influences the outcome of critically ill patients, yet in clinical practice, the implementation is sometimes challenging. In this study, an adaptive robotic assistance system will be used for early mobilization in intensive care units. The study aims to evaluate the experience of the mobilizing professionals and the general feasibility of implementing robotic assistance for mobilization in intensive care as well as the effects on patient outcomes as a secondary outcome.

Methods

The study is single-centric, prospective, and interventional and follows a longitudinal study design. To evaluate the feasibility of robotic-assisted early mobilization, the number of patients included, the number of performed VEM (very early mobilization) sessions, and the number and type of adverse events will be collected. The behavior and experience of mobilizing professionals will be evaluated using standardized observations (n > 90) and episodic interviews (n > 36) before implementation, shortly after, and in routine. Patient outcomes such as duration of mechanical ventilation, loss of muscle mass, and physical activity will be measured and compared with a historical patient population. Approximately 30 patients will be included.

Discussion

The study will provide information about patient outcomes, feasibility, and the experience of mobilizing professionals. It will show whether robotic systems can increase the early mobilization frequency of critically ill patients. Within ICU structures, early mobilization as therapy could become more of a focus. Effects on the mobilizing professionals such as increased motivation, physical relief, or stress will be evaluated. In addition, this study will focus on whether current structures allow following the recommendation of mobilizing patients twice a day for at least 20 min.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05071248. Date: 2021/10/21
Mixed pulmonary infection with four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria: a case report of mycobacterium bacteremicum infection
Authors: Masoumi Morteza , Sakhaee Fatemeh , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza , Tarashi Samira , Rahimi Jamnani Fatemeh , Vaziri Farzam , Siadat Seyed Davar , Fateh Abolfazl
Published: November 2022

Background

A mixed pulmonary infection of Mycobacterium bacteremicum and three different isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an unusual clinical manifestation and have not yet been indicated. In this case report, we reported four isolates of NTM using phenotypic and genotypic test of pulmonary sample in Tehran, Iran.

Case presentation

We report a case of severe pulmonary disease in a 19-year-old male patient with productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever for several weeks. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level (80.2 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (95 mm/h) were high. The computed tomographic scan indicated bronchiectasis, nodular opacities, consolidation, and cavitary lesions on both sides. The result of purified protein derivative (PPD) test was equal to 15 mm. The sequences of hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rDNA genes indicated more than 99% homology to four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. mucogenicum, and M. bacteremicum. We found that all four strains were susceptible to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, imipenem, and linezolid. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and amikacin, along with Montelukast, for five months.

Conclusion

We report a case of severe pulmonary infection by four isolates of NTM. After treatment, the patient reported complete resolution of the signs and a weight gain of 5 kg; also, the CRP and ESR were normal. Nine months after the infection diagnosis, a new CT scan revealed further improvements.
Psychometric evaluation of the Urgency NRS as a new patient-reported outcome measure for patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dubinsky Marla C. , Shan Mingyang , Delbecque Laure , Lissoos Trevor , Hunter Theresa , Harding Gale , Stassek Larissa , Andrae David , Lewis James D.
Published: November 2022

Background

The Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was developed as a content-valid single-item patient-reported outcome measure to assess severity of bowel urgency. Here, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Urgency NRS.

Methods

Data were from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (NCT03518086). Patients completed the Urgency NRS using a daily electronic diary, from which weekly average Urgency NRS scores were calculated. Test–retest reliability, known-groups validity, construct validity, responsiveness, and score interpretation were assessed using the modified Mayo score, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), Patient Global Rating of Severity (PGRS), Patient Global Rating of Change (PGRC), and Geboes score.

Results

The study sample comprised 1,162 participants (40.2% female). Mean Urgency NRS score was higher (worse) at baseline than at week 12 (6.2 vs. 3.7). Test–retest reliability was strong, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.76–0.89. Baseline least-square mean Urgency NRS score was higher for participants with a PGRS score greater than the median (worse symptoms) than for those with a PGRS score less than or equal to the median (7.5 vs. 5.4;p < 0.0001), indicating good known-groups validity. Urgency NRS score was moderately correlated with IBDQ total and domain scores, PGRS, PGRC, and modified Mayo stool frequency, establishing its convergent validity. Correlations were weak for Geboes score and weak to moderate for modified Mayo endoscopic subscore and modified Mayo rectal bleeding, indicating that the Urgency NRS also had discriminant validity. Patients achieving clinical remission, clinical response, IBDQ remission, and PGRS score improvement showed significantly greater improvement on the Urgency NRS (p < 0.0001 for all), demonstrating responsiveness to change. A ≥ 3-point improvement in Urgency NRS score represented a meaningful improvement in bowel urgency and an Urgency NRS score of ≤ 1 point represented a bowel urgency remission threshold that was closely associated with clinical, endoscopic, and histologic remission.

Conclusions

The Urgency NRS is a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measure that is suitable for evaluating treatment benefits in clinical trials in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.
Conus medullary arteriovenous malformation mimicking intramedullary tumor: a case report
Authors: Monica Maria , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Awyono Steven , Prakoso Dicky Teguh
Published: November 2022

Background

Vascular malformation of the spine accounted for 3–4% of all intradural lesions. Spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is often missed because of overlapping symptoms with other pathology and ambiguous imaging. Here, we report a conus medullary AVM that mimics intramedullary tumours either from clinical findings or MR imaging.

Case presentation

We report a 24-year-old man with left foot monoparesis, paresthesia, and intermittent claudication for the last 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a strongly enhanced intramedullary lesion with a hypointense signal on T1-weighted images and a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images without flow void, suggesting an intramedullary tumour of ependymoma. Left-sided hemilaminectomy was performed, revealing an AVM on conus medullary. Microsurgical resection was performed by subsequently ligating the arterial feeder and draining vein using a temporary clip. Improvement of neurological status without postoperative sequelae was noted.

Conclusions

Because of the similarity in epidemiology, symptoms, clinical progression, and imaging, suspicion of spinal AVM should remain. This case highlights that appropriate and meticulous surgical resection can preserve the patient's neurological function.
Impact of highly active antiretroviral drug therapy (HAART) on biochemical, hematologic, atherogenic and anthropometric profiles of human immunodeficiency virus patients at a tertiary hospital in Owo, Nigeria
Authors: Ademuyiwa Success E. A. , Saliu Ibrahim Olabayode , Akinola Busuyi Kolade , Akinmoladun Afolabi Clement , Olaleye Mary Tolulope , Ademuyiwa Adewole I. , Akindahunsi Afolabi Akintunde
Published: November 2022

Background

Highly active antiretroviral drug therapy (HAART) remains the only officially available option for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at designated medical institutions in Nigeria. This study investigated the impact of HAART on glucose level, lipid profile, blood parameters and growth indices of HIV-infected patients at a tertiary health center in Nigeria. Biochemical and hematologic indices were determined in HIV patients on HAART at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owo, Nigeria. Plasma glucose and lipid profile were biochemically determined in 140 age-matched individuals divided into three groups: Group I (n = 70) comprised seventy clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed HIV-positive patients before receiving HAART (HIV-positive group); Group II (n = 70) comprised the same set of HIV-positive patients who had received HAART for 1 year (HAART group); and Group III (n = 70) comprised healthy controlled subjects who proved HIV-negative (HIV-negative group). Growth indices were used to monitor the changes in immune response (white blood cell counts) of the HIV-infected patients.

Results

HAART ameliorated reduced body mass index and disorder in white blood cell counts but not dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia caused by HIV infection. Results confirmed the effectiveness of HAART in preventing the development of full-blown acquired immune deficiency syndrome in HIV-positive patients. However, increases in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels coupled with increased atherogenic index occasioned by HAART portend the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions

HIV infection has a negative impact on the anthropometric, hematologic and biochemical indices of patients. Although HAART is helpful to improve anthropometric and hematological indicators, there is a need to improve drug regimens to reduce or eliminate undesirable metabolic complications.
Functional structure analysis and genome-wide identification of CNX gene family in cotton
Authors: Xu Nan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yuexin , Fan Yapeng , Wang Jing , Malik Waqar Afzal , Rui Cun , Han Mingge , Lu Xuke , Chen Xiugui , Wang Junjuan , Wang Delong , Wang Shuai , Chen Chao , Guo Lixue , Zhao Lanjie , Ye Wuwei
Published: November 2022

Background

Under abiotic stress conditions, cotton growth is inhibited and yield losses are severe. Identification of calnexin family members and function analysis under abiotic stress laid the foundation for the screening of stress-related candidate genes.

Results

A total of 60 CNX family members have been identified in Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, and they were divided into two categories: CNX and CRT genes. Through the construction of a phylogenetic tree, they were subdivided into three classes. Further analysis of chromosome localization, conserved promoters, gene structure and selection under pressure showed that the family members were highly conserved in the evolution process. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions showed that CNX family genes contain regulatory elements for growth and development, anaerobic, drought, defense and stress response, and plant hormones. Using RNA-seq data to study the expression pattern of GhCNX genes under cold, hot, salt stress and Polyethylene glycol, it was observed that the gene expression levels changed by different degrees under different stress conditions, indicating that GhCNX members were involved in the regulation of multiple biological stresses.

Conclusion

This study provides an insight into the members of cotton CNX genes. The results of this study suggested that CNX family members play a role in defense against adversity and provide a foundation for the discovery of stress-related genes.
Assessing the level of knowledge, uptake of hepatitis B virus vaccine, and its determinants among health workers across various levels of health facilities in Ondo, South West, Nigeria
Authors: Oni Oluwatosin Idowu , Osho Olanrewaju Patrick , Oluwole Mathew Temitope , Osho Evelyn Salewa , Ogungbeje Aanuoluwapo , Raji Habeebat Motunrayo
Published: November 2022

Problem considered

Research has shown that health care personnel is at higher risk of acquiring the disease than the general population. In spite of this challenge, there has been a low vaccination record among the Health Workers

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice of hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 260 health professionals working at primary health centers (40), private hospitals (60), and tertiary health institutions (160). Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires distributed at the participant’s work unit and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results

The result showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge of Health workers about the HBV vaccine and vaccine uptake.

While all the non-vaccinated health workers showed interest in taking the vaccine, the majority of them (80.4 %) suggested that the vaccine should be given free to health workers.

Conclusion

The study revealed that the health workers had a good knowledge of hepatitis infection but not the vaccination which affected vaccine uptake as a significant relationship exists between the two. Also, the greatest hindrance to the uptake of the vaccine is the cost of the vaccine. HBV vaccination should be made compulsory as part of occupational protection measures and made readily available gratis for all health workers.
Altered Intrinsic Brain Activity Related to Neurologic and Motor Dysfunction in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients
Authors: Xin Haotian , Fu Yajie , Feng Mengmeng , Wang Shengpei , Sui Chaofan , Gao Yian , Zhang Nan , Guo Lingfei , Wen Hongwei , Liang Changhu
Published: November 2022

Context

Brain functional alterations in type 2 diabetes with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) related to motor dysfunction remain largely unknown.

Objective

We aimed to explore intrinsic resting brain activity in DPN.

Methods

A total of 28 patients with DPN, 43 patients with diabetes and without DPN (NDPN), and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We calculated the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo). One-way analysis of covariance was applied to evaluate the above indicators among the 3 groups, and the mean ALFF/fALFF/ReHo values of altered brain regions were then correlated with clinical features of patients.

Results

Compared with the NDPN group, the DPN group showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus (ORBsup) and medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed), and increased ALFF values in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased fALFF values in the right SFGmed. Compared with HCs, the NDPN group showed increased ALFF values in the right ORBsup, middle frontal gyrus, and left orbital middle frontal gyrus, and decreased fALFF values in the right middle temporal gyrus. Notably, the mean ALFF values of the right ORBsup were significantly negatively correlated with Toronto Clinical Scoring System scores and gait speed in diabetics. The mean ALFF/fALFF values of right SFGmed and the mean ALFF values of left ITG and right ORBsup were significantly differentiated between DPN and patients witht NDPN in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Conclusion

Patients with DPN have abnormal brain activity in sensorimotor and cognitive brain areas, which may implicate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in intrinsic brain activity.
Mandarin's Impact on Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Study Based on Economic and Social Interaction Dimensions
Authors: Qin Jianchao , Yao Jiali , Abbas Safdar
Published: November 2022

This paper studies the effect of Mandarin proficiency on poverty reduction and its mechanism. The China General Social Survey (CGSS) is taken as the data source. From the perspective of social integration, the poverty reduction effect of Putonghua and its mechanism are empirically studied from the perspective of social interaction, social fairness, and social trust. The findings showed that improving the ability to listen and speak Mandarin positively affects social interaction, social trust, and social fairness. It showed that Putonghua proficiency positively correlates with the suppression of economic poverty. After the occurrence of poverty, whether a sample of absolute poverty or relative poverty, the ability to listen and speak in Mandarin has a specific inhibitory effect on social interaction, social trust, and social fairness. After the occurrence of poverty, the frequency of social interaction, social trust, and social public since have been reduced to a certain extent. Specifically, the ability to express Mandarin has shown remarkable results in improving social interaction, and the ability to listen among ordinary people has shown remarkable results in enhancing social fairness. The results of this paper provide empirical evidence of poverty alleviation in China via Improving Mandarin Proficiency. This research is also of great significance for optimizing poverty alleviation paths through language in the post-poverty alleviation era.
The role of the skin microbiome in the development of alopecia areata
Authors: Brzuszkiewicz Kinga , Rudziński Gracjan , Pożarowska Kinga , Grunwald Arkadiusz , Satora Małgorzata , Piwowar Klaudia , Klas Jakub
Published: November 2022

Human skin is a habitat to a variety of microbes that, along with their host genetic material, make up microbiome of the human skin. The composition of the microbiota in the gut and skin is influenced by many factors, such as life stage, nutrition, lifestyle and gender. Recently, there is more and more discussions about the increasing role of the microbiome in the development of other diseases. According to many studies, any changes in the skin microbiota are associated with the development of several dermatoses. Better understanding of the human microbiome and its interactions with the immune system could help us understand many diseases as well as could have an impact on the development of some new therapeutic methods. In this article, the current knowledge on the skin microbiome and its influence on the development of alopecia areata will be discussed. Alopecia areata (AA) is caused by an autoimmune process that destroys the hair follicles. The exact pathogenesis is unknown, but the triggering factors include: immune disorders, environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, and possibly the microbiome.