bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The garden is thorny: Teaching kindergarten in the age of accountability
Authors: Minicozzi Lisa L
Published: September 2016

Teachers today are faced with myriad expectations. Whether preparing children for school learning goals, state assessments, or building social skills, it seems that teachers are being asked to do more every year. Perhaps the most palpable effect of the standards movement has been the academic “trickle down,” whereby our youngest learners have been exposed to a more academic, teacher-directed curriculum in many of today’s kindergarten classrooms. The evidence is strong; kindergarten has become the new first grade. This article explores the apparent conflicts and tensions evident in many of today’s kindergarten classrooms. In addition, recommendations are made to preservice teachers and school administrators in response to the challenges teachers face today in the current educational climate and the supports needed to ensure developmentally appropriate teaching. In this qualitative study four conversant and experienced kindergarten teachers were investigated over the course of a school year as they lived within the context of a changing curriculum, increased demands, and new expectations. This study looked to capture the lives of teachers and their abilities to develop and integrate strategies that consider the developmental nature of children, challenges of classroom diversity, and the imposition of standards and mandates.
Surgical Management of Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome
Authors: Jonas Richard A.
Published: September 2016

The author’s approach to the management of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve is described, including the technique of homograft replacement of the central pulmonary arteries for the neonate who presents with profound respiratory compromise.
Operative Management of Patellar Instability in the United States
Authors: Arshi Armin , Cohen Jeremiah R. , Wang Jeffrey C. , Hame Sharon L. , McAllister David R. , Jones Kristofer J.
Published: September 2016

Background:

Treatment of patellofemoral instability has evolved as our understanding of the relevant pathoanatomy has improved. In light of these developments, current practice patterns and management trends have likely changed to reflect these advancements; however, this has not been evaluated in a formal study.

Purpose:

To determine nationwide patient demographics, surgical trends, and postoperative complications associated with the operative management of patellar instability surgery.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

A large private-payer database (PearlDiver) comprising patients covered by Humana and United Healthcare insurance policies was retrospectively reviewed using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to identify patients who underwent surgery for patellar instability. The study cohort was established by querying for patients billed under CPT codes 27420, 27422, or 27427 while satisfying the diagnostic requirement of patellar instability (International Classification of Diseases–9th Revision codes 718.36, 718.86, or 836.3). Patient demographics, surgical trends, concomitant procedures, and postoperative complications were determined.

Results:

A total of 6190 patients underwent surgical management for patellar instability. Adolescents (age range, 10-19 years) represented 51.5% of cases, and 59.6% were female. The number of patellar instability procedures increased annually over the study period in both the Humana ( P = .004, R2 = 0.76) and United Healthcare ( P = .097, R2 = 0.54) cohorts. The most common concomitant procedures were lateral retinacular release (43.7%), chondroplasty (31.1%), tibial tubercle osteotomy (13.1%), removal of loose bodies (10.5%), osteochondral grafting (9.5%), and microfracture surgery (9.5%). Manipulation under anesthesia was required in 4.6% of patients within 1 year. Patellar fracture within 1 year and infection within 30 days occurred in 2.1% and 1.2% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

Patellar instability surgery has increased over the past decade. This finding may be attributed to growing clinical evidence to support these procedures as well as increased surgeon familiarity and comfort with these specific techniques. We observed an unexpectedly high rate of concomitant lateral retinacular release. Overall, the rates of commonly recognized complications (stiffness, patellar fracture, and postoperative infection) were similar to those observed in smaller case series.
Exploring the Framing of Diversity Rhetoric in “Top-Rated in Diversity” Organizations
Authors: Pasztor Sabrina K.
Published: September 2016

This study provides a summative content analysis and framing analysis of 15 of the top 20 corporate websites identified on the 2010 DiversityInc Survey as “top-ranked” in diversity management, to assess how diversity is framed by organizations ranked highly in diversity criteria and to gain a better understanding of linguistic and semiotic consistency in diversity rhetoric and framing. Findings reveal three primary approaches in how organizations frame diversity: first, as an organizational asset promoted and preserved through its human resources and corporate values; second, as a driver of business excellence and competitive advantage; and finally, as a structural mechanism supported by diversity and inclusion initiatives such as employee mentoring, networking, diversity training, and institutionalized governance. While these mechanisms themselves are questionable in terms of their actual results in increasing levels of diversity and inclusion, corporate websites serve as symbolic and necessary contemporary representations of impression management among stakeholders, stockholders, and employees. Additional findings highlight a high level of consistency in linguistic and semiotic use regardless of organization type, industry, or intended audiences.
Pornography, Humiliation, and Consent
Authors: Whisnant Rebecca
Published: September 2016

This article considers the role of humiliation in contemporary pornography, arguing that it constitutes a severe form of harm to many female pornography performers. It further contends that the apparently consensual nature of much humiliating pornography exacerbates its harm to the humiliated performers.
Use of Gray-Level Histograms to Assess Substantia Nigra Echogenicity in Transcranial Sonography Images of Parkinson Disease Patients
Authors: Fernandes Rita de Cassia Leite , Rosso Ana Lucia Zuma de , Vincent Maurice Borges , Araújo Nordeval Cavalcante
Published: September 2016

A substantial body of research has shown that Parkinson disease (PD) patients display an enlarged hyperechogenic substantia nigra (SN) by transcranial sonography (TCS). Nonetheless, the categorization of SN echogenicity is still subjective. A method is described to quantify SN echogenicity based on the gray-level histograms of digitized TCS images. In 31 PD patients and 57 controls, the gray-scale mean (GSM) of the SN, mesencephalon, and basal cisterns and their ratios were assessed using image-editing computer software. The GSM values were compared between the groups and correlated with age, SN area, and disease duration. The SN GSM was significantly higher in the PD group ( P < .05) with a positive correlation with age but not with disease duration. In this cohort of participants, mesencephalon echogenicity was found to increase with disease duration. These results would suggest quantitatively SN hyperechogenicity in PD. Quantifying SN echogenicity is feasible and might minimize subjectivity in PD diagnosis by TCS. The method has the potential to disclose subtle changes in other midbrain structures’ echogenicity engendered by the disease process as well.
What type of clinical evidence is needed to assess medical devices?
Authors: Tarricone Rosanna , Boscolo Paola Roberta , Armeni Patrizio
Published: September 2016

The objective of this mini-review is to discuss the role of real-world studies as a source of clinical evidence when experimental studies, such as randomised controlled trials (RCTs), are not available. Waiting for RCT evidence when the technology is diffusing could be anti-economical, inefficient from the policy perspective and methodologically questionable.

We explain how real-world studies could provide relevant evidence to decision makers. Matching techniques are discussed as a viable solution for bias reduction.

We describe a case study concerning a cost-effectiveness analysis based on real-world data of a technology already in use: Mitraclip combined with medical therapyversusmedical therapy alone in patients with moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. The CEA has encountered the scepticism of most reviewers, due not to the statistical methodology but to the fact that the study was observational and not experimental. Editors and reviewers converged in considering real-world economic evaluations premature in the absence of a RCT, even if in the meantime the technology had been implanted >30 000 times. We believe there is a need to acknowledge the importance of real-world studies, and engage the scientific community in the promotion and use of clinical evidence produced through observational studies.
Exertional dyspnoea in chronic heart failure: the role of the lung and respiratory mechanical factors
Authors: Dubé Bruno-Pierre , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Laveneziana Pierantonio
Published: September 2016

Exertional dyspnoea is among the dominant symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure and progresses relentlessly as the disease advances, leading to reduced ability to function and engage in activities of daily living. Effective management of this disabling symptom awaits a better understanding of its underlying physiology.

Cardiovascular factors are believed to play a major role in dyspnoea in heart failure patients. However, despite pharmacological interventions, such as vasodilators or inotropes that improve central haemodynamics, patients with heart failure still complain of exertional dyspnoea. Clearly, dyspnoea is not determined by cardiac factors alone, but likely depends on complex, integrated cardio-pulmonary interactions.

A growing body of evidence suggests that excessively increased ventilatory demand and abnormal “restrictive” constraints on tidal volume expansion with development of critical mechanical limitation of ventilation, contribute to exertional dyspnoea in heart failure. This article will offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in patients with chronic heart failure by exploring the potential role of the various constituents of the physiological response to exercise and particularly the role of abnormal ventilatory and respiratory mechanics responses to exercise in the perception of dyspnoea in patients with heart failure.
PET/CT in nononcological lung diseases: current applications and future perspectives
Authors: Capitanio Selene , Nordin Abdul Jalil , Noraini Abdul Rahim , Rossetti Claudio
Published: September 2016

Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is an established diagnostic modality that has become an essential imaging tool in oncological practice. However, thanks to its noninvasive nature and its capability to provide physiological information, the main applications of this technique have significantly expanded.

18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET scanning and demonstrates metabolic activity in various tissues. Since activated inflammatory cells, like malignant cells, predominantly metabolise glucose as a source of energy and increase expression of glucose transporters when activated, FDG-PET/CT can be successfully used to detect and monitor a variety of lung diseases, such as infections and several inflammatory conditions.

The added value of FDG-PET/CT as a molecular imaging technique relies on its capability to identify disease in very early stages, long before the appearance of structural changes detectable by conventional imaging. Furthermore, by detecting the active phase of infectious or inflammatory processes, disease progression and treatment efficacy can be monitored.

This review will focus on the clinical use of FDG-PET/CT in nonmalignant pulmonary diseases.
Immigrant assimilation and male labor market inequality
Authors: Mason Patrick L.
Published: September 2016

At the height of the US civil rights movement in the mid-1960s, foreign-born persons were less than 1 % of the African-American population (Kent, Popul Bull, 62:4, 2007). Today, 16 % of America’s African diaspora workforce consists of first- or second-generation immigrants and 4 % is Hispanic. Intergenerational improvement is an important source of wage convergence of black immigrants. Unskilled immigrants who arrive in the USA as children and adolescents experience substantial wage assimilation, especially Caribbean-English and African-English immigrants. But both unskilled immigrants arriving as adults and all skilled immigrants fail to catch up to the wage status of either native-born whites or native-born African-Americans. After living in the USA for 9–15 years, first-generation black immigrants will have wage penalties at least as large as native-born African-Americans. The immigration process selects black immigrants who have or who would have achieved middle income or higher status in their country of origin. As such, black immigrants tend to have above average observable characteristics. Nevertheless, black immigrants do not obtain wage assimilation equal to native-born non-Hispanic white male workers.

JEL Classification: J15, J31, J61, J62, J7
Diversity Exiting the Academy: Influential Factors for the Career Choice of Well-Represented and Underrepresented Minority Scientists
Authors: Layton Rebekah L. , Brandt Patrick D. , Freeman Ashalla M. , Harrell Jessica R. , Hall Joshua D. , Sinche Melanie
Published: September 2016

A national sample of PhD-trained scientists completed training, accepted subsequent employment in academic and nonacademic positions, and were queried about their previous graduate training and current employment. Respondents indicated factors contributing to their employment decision (e.g., working conditions, salary, job security). The data indicate the relative importance of deciding factors influencing career choice, controlling for gender, initial interest in faculty careers, and number of postgraduate publications. Among both well-represented (WR; n = 3444) and underrepresented minority (URM; n = 225) respondents, faculty career choice was positively associated with desire for autonomy and partner opportunity and negatively associated with desire for leadership opportunity. Differences between groups in reasons endorsed included: variety, prestige, salary, family influence, and faculty advisor influence. Furthermore, endorsement of faculty advisor or other mentor influence and family or peer influence were surprisingly rare across groups, suggesting that formal and informal support networks could provide a missed opportunity to provide support for trainees who want to stay in faculty career paths. Reasons requiring alteration of misperceptions (e.g., limited leadership opportunity for faculty) must be distinguished from reasons requiring removal of actual barriers. Further investigation into factors that affect PhDs’ career decisions can help elucidate why URM candidates are disproportionately exiting the academy.
Total organic carbon estimation in shale-gas reservoirs using seismic genetic inversion with an example from the Barnett Shale
Authors: Ouadfeul Sid-Ali , Aliouane Leila
Published: September 2016

Our goal is to invert total organic carbon (TOC) using the multilayer perceptron neural network. Three-dimensional seismic data recorded near two horizontal wells drilled in the lower Barnett Shale Formation are used as input to train a neural machine, while the calculated acoustic impedance from sonic and density well-log data for the horizontal wells is used as output. The multilayer perceptron neural machine is trained in a supervised mode, and weights of connections are calculated. The full 3D seismic data are then propagated through this machine, and a cube of acoustic impedance is inverted. A crossplot of the acoustic impedance versus the TOC is used to provide a linear relationship between these two parameters. This relationship is used to suggest a 3D TOC cube from the inverted cube of the acoustic impedance. Obtained results are checked with the Schmoker's TOC of another horizontal well drilled in the lower Barnett. These results show the ability of the genetic inversion to enhance characterization of shale-gas reservoirs.
Do interventions reduce the risk of repeat self-harm or suicide in young people?
Authors: Howson Susan , Huline-Dickens Sarah
Published: September 2016

As in adults, self-harm in children and young people is common. It results in much distress to families and carers, and considerable morbidity among children and young people. Although much more common than completed suicide, it is strongly linked to repeated self-harm and suicide. The conclusions in this review are limited by the small number of studies included, no studies of pharmacological interventions at all and most of the included interventions being evaluated in a single study. One moderately sized study of mentalisation in adolescents with comorbid depression showed a significant effect on scores on a self-harm measure, indicating fewer self-reported episodes of self-harm. No other intervention showed a significant reduction in reported self-harm, although trials may have been too small to show statistical significance.
Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: boundaries and uncertainties
Authors: Pina-Camacho Laura , Parellada Mara , Kyriakopoulos Marinos
Published: September 2016

Autism and schizophrenia were placed in different diagnostic categories in DSM-III, having previously been considered as related diagnostic entities. New evidence suggests that these disorders show clinical and cognitive deficit overlaps and shared neurobiological characteristics. Furthermore, children presenting with both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychotic experiences may represent a subgroup of ASD more closely linked to psychosis. The study of ASD and childhood schizophrenia, and their clinical boundaries and overlapping pathophysiological characteristics, may clarify their relationship and lead to more effective interventions. This article discusses the relationship through a critical review of current and historical dilemmas surrounding the phenomenology and pathophysiology of these disorders. It provides a framework for working with children and young people with mixed clinical presentations, illustrated by three brief fictional case vignettes.
Reviving the ‘double jeopardy’ hypothesis: Physical health inequalities, ethnicity and severe mental illness
Authors: Das-Munshi Jayati , Stewart Robert , Morgan Craig , Nazroo James , Thornicroft Graham , Prince Martin
Published: September 2016

People with severe mental illness (SMI) experience a reduction in life expectancy of 15–20 years. Physical health and mortality experience may be even worse for ethnic minority groups with SMI, but evidence is limited. We suggest clinical, policy and research recommendations to address this inequality.
SCIENTIZING THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Smith Barbara Herrnstein
Published: September 2016

Advocates of literary Darwinism, cognitive cultural studies, neuroaesthetics, digital humanities, and other such hybrid fields now seek explicitly to make the aims and methods of one or another humanities discipline approximate more closely the aims and methods of science, and at their most visionary, they urge as well the overall integration of the humanities and natural sciences. This essay indicates some major considerations—historical, conceptual, and pragmatic—that may be useful for assessing these efforts and predicting their future. Arguments promoting integration often involve dubious teleological models of intellectual history and betray limited understandings of the distinctive epistemic orientations and cultural functions of the humanities vis-à-vis the sciences. Recurrent institutional difficulties encountered by scholars and/or scientists in hybrid fields reflect steep prestige differentials between the humanities and sciences, along with significant differences of training, experience, style, and temperament. Meanwhile, both the sciences and humanities are being shaken up by technological and related intellectual developments. Though worrisome, the new disciplinary configurations are thus likely to play out in surprising and, not inconceivably, positive ways.
Introduction: A New Pocket of Intellectual Space
Authors: Skafish Peter , de Castro Eduardo Viveiros , Maniglier Patrice , Morelle Louis
Published: September 2016

This introduction to “Anthropological Philosophy: Symposium on an Unanticipated Conceptual Practice” comprises a brief history of attitudes among anthropologists toward the philosophical field of ontology, and attitudes among professional philosophers toward the kinds of alien and marginal thinking with which anthropology is concerned. After the narrative reaches what has been called the “ontological turn” in anthropology, which is generally assumed to represent the current moment in relations between the disciplines, the author discloses the recent emergence of an unexpected cultural practice: a hybrid of anthropology and philosophy that takes metaphysics, as distinct from ontology, as both its object and its method. The distinction between metaphysics and ontology is crucial to this new “intellectual space” because, while ontology is an unconscious possession of any people, metaphysics is a demanding speculative discipline whose becoming an object of anthropology suggests that indigenous peoples consciously deal with questions about what is real and what is not in ways so impressive and sophisticated that they can be compared with the efforts of credentialed philosophers. In this emergent conceptual practice, moreover, the work of academic philosophers is open to elaboration and correction in response to the findings of tribal and Western marginal thinkers. Among the developers of anthropological philosophy are said to be the Brazilian anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (the author of Cannibal Metaphysics), the French philosopher Patrice Maniglier (who works in an area he terms “comparative ontology”), and the other contributors to this symposium, whose articles the author goes on, in this context, to describe and assess.
FROM THE LIBRARY OF THE SUPERREAL
Authors: Skafish Peter
Published: September 2016

This article is an ethnographic account of the speculative thought of Jane Roberts, a spirit medium or “channel,” important in New Age religion for the books that she dictated at the behest of a personality named “Seth.” At first, she tried to understand her strange subjectivity in psychiatric terms, then went on to elaborate metaphysical concepts to account for it. The author argues that understanding Roberts's concepts in social historical terms risks obscuring their meaning and that comparing them with the related concepts of a credentialed philosopher, in this case Gilles Deleuze, is a more effective way of approaching them. The latter sort of interpretation entails another risk, however, which is that concepts like those of Roberts may get taken for mere illustrations of the arguments made by academic philosophers, whereas marginal thinking of Roberts's kind can form sophisticated bodies of thought on their own. Roberts developed concepts of consciousness and the person that exceed, in ways that this article specifies, anything that Deleuze's work can say about them and thus cast his own arguments in an unanticipated light. This essay's main point is that uncredentialed, marginal thinkers like Roberts should be considered proper objects of both anthropological and philosophical study and should be taken seriously for what they can teach us.
RELATIVISM OR ABSOLUTISM?
Authors: Paksi Daniel
Published: September 2016

This essay responds to an article, “Epistemic Grace: Antirelativism as Theology in Disguise,” by the philosopher and sociologist of knowledge David Bloor that was published in Common Knowledge 13, nos. 2–3 (2007): 250–80. Bloor's main argument was that there is no third way between relativism and absolutism—that all philosophical positions must fall under one or the other heading. Daniel Paksi's response is that Bloor covertly subscribes to a trichotomy of umbrella headings: idealist relativism (or irrealism), materialist relativism, and absolutism. Bloor, it is argued, connects relativism with neo-Darwinist materialism in order to differentiate his own kind of relativism from the irrealist kind, which denies scientific progress. Paksi argues as well that third ways between idealism and materialism are available—for example, the emergentism of Michael Polanyi—but his main claim is that materialism itself is an absolutist view and thus that its supposed compatibility with relativism (as a means of protecting relativism from irrealism) undermines Bloor's own aims.
Reaction of a Stable Digermyne with Acetylenes: Synthesis of a 1,2-Digermabenzene and a 1,4-Digermabarrelene
Authors: Sugahara Tomohiro , Guo Jing-Dong , Sasamori Takahiro , Karatsu Yusaku , Furukawa Yukio , Ferao Arturo Espinosa , Nagase Shigeru , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: September 2016

Reactions between acetylenes and a stable digermyne bearing 4-t-Bu-2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-C6H2 (Tbb) groups afforded the corresponding stable 1,2-digermabenzenes together with the respective 1,4-digermabarrelenes. The properties of the obtained products and the reaction mechanism are discussed on the basis of experimental and theoretical results. Especially, the aromaticity of the newly obtained 1,2-digermabenzene has been discussed on the detailed calculations, revealing its aromatic character to some degree.
Clonal selection versus clonal cooperation: the integrated perception of immune objects
Authors: Nataf Serge
Published: September 2016

Analogies between the immune and nervous systems were first envisioned by the immunologist Niels Jerne who introduced the concepts of antigen "recognition" and immune "memory". However, since then, it appears that only the cognitive immunology paradigm proposed by Irun Cohen, attempted to further theorize the immune system functions through the prism of neurosciences. The present paper is aimed at revisiting this analogy-based reasoning. In particular, a parallel is drawn between the brain pathways of visual perception and the processes allowing the global perception of an "immune object". Thus, in the visual system, distinct features of a visual object (shape, color, motion) are perceived separately by distinct neuronal populations during a primary perception task. The output signals generated during this first step instruct then an integrated perception task performed by other neuronal networks. Such a higher order perception step is by essence a cooperative task that is mandatory for the global perception of visual objects. Based on a re-interpretation of recent experimental data, it is suggested that similar general principles drive the integrated perception of immune objects in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). In this scheme, the four main categories of signals characterizing an immune object (antigenic, contextual, temporal and localization signals) are first perceived separately by distinct networks of immunocompetent cells.  Then, in a multitude of SLO niches, the output signals generated during this primary perception step are integrated by TH-cells at the single cell level. This process eventually generates a multitude of T-cell and B-cell clones that perform, at the scale of SLOs, an integrated perception of immune objects. Overall, this new framework proposes that integrated immune perception and, consequently, integrated immune responses, rely essentially on clonal cooperation rather than clonal selection.
New Technological Ways in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: September 2016

Distribution of new — the fifth and sixth technological ways in economy of regions

of Russia is investigated. For economic evaluation of technological structures

hysterical time series of real per capita GDP of Great Britain are used. Construction

of econometric models of cyclical trends has allowed establishing the date of the

beginning of the upward half-waves of the fourth and fifth Kondratieff cycles. For

the construction of econometric models of technological structures was assumed

that the beginning of upward half-waves cycles coincide with the beginning of the

upward wave of new orders, since the beginning of the dominance of another

way of life and a torque of the withering away of the old order. We used piecewise

linear model orders. By the simulation it was found, that the relic and fourth

technological orders provide a contribution to real GDP per capita value of 4000

Gehry-Hemis dollars in 1990. The contribution of the new — the fifth and sixth

in the Russian economy is estimated as the excess of the value of real per capita

GDP over the contribution of relic and fourth technological structures, evaluated

according to the UK. This has allowed for the first time to give an economic

assessment of the contribution of new orders in the Russian economy. It now

has exceeded 50%. By degree of distribution of new ways in the groups of regions

is irregular. The regional group in the economy where new ways are not observed,

the economic policy directed to the continued industrialization. In the regions,

where new ways make contribution to the economies, economic policy should

focus on the development of post-industrial economies.
FORCE MAJEURE IN PAST ARBITRATION COURT RULINGS IN THE CIS COUNTRIES: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RULES OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW BY THE CIS ECONOMIC COURT (PART 2)
Authors: Нагорная Эвелина , Nagornaya Evelina , Зацепина Татьяна , Zatsepina Tatyana
Published: September 2016

The authors present the second part of the article dedicated to investigation of controversial legal moments in relation to the classification of any circumstances to force majeure. Taking into account the different approaches to the interpretation of concepts and features of force majeure in the legislation of CIS participant-states it is principially important to determine the criteria for the establishment of such circumstances and the conditions for the exemption from liability in case of violation (non-fulfillment) of obligations due to their occurrence during the consideration of economic (business) disputes by the courts. On the basis of the results of the study and the scientific public opinions, the conclusion is based on the possibility (and the need) to develop common approaches within the CIS in the classification of certain circumstances as force majeure; the most appropriate form for this can be the interstate informative act.
FEATURES OF LABOUR REGULATION OF EMPLOYEES IN STATE CORPORATIONS, STATE COMPANIES UNDER RUSSIAN LAW AS A MEASURE OF COUNTERACTION OF CORRUPTION
Authors: Ломакина Любовь , Lomakina Lyubov
Published: September 2016

The article considers the peculiarities of regulation of labor of employees in state corporations, state companies according to the Russian legislation and from the perspectives of harmonization of national law with European law. The inclusion of the code of legal rules governing the employees of state corporations, state companies is a fundamentally new element in the sphere of labor relations. The employees occupying positions in state corporations and state companies on the basis of the employment contract shall comply with the characteristics due to their legal status, prohibitions and obligations established to be observed by the persons occupying positions in Federal state service. The rules required for the activity of state corporations, state companies, established by the Russian Federation to perform the tasks are assigned to Federal government agencies.
Work activity in the process of recovery – an interpretive phenomenological analysis of the experiences of people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis
Authors: Pańczak Anna , Pietkiewicz Igor
Published: September 2016

Cel

Możliwość podjęcia aktywności zawodowej ma istotne znaczenie dla osób z ciężkimi zaburzeniami psychicznymi - podnosi ich samoocenę, wzmacnia poczucie kontroli nad własnym życiem i przynależności do społeczeństwa. W literaturze polskiej brak jest badań, dotyczących procesu zdrowienia ludzi, którzy mają rozpoznanie zaburzeń ze spektrum schizofrenii w kontekście aktywności zawodowej. Celem badania była eksploracja osobistych doświadczeń osób zatrudnionych w Zakładach Aktywności Zawodowej (ZAZ).

Metoda

Przeprowadzono osiem wywiadów, częściowo ustrukturowanych, z dorosłymi pacjentami, które poddano interpretacyjnej analizie fenomenologicznej.

Wyniki

Badani oceniali możliwość pracy, jako cenne doświadczenie i czynnik mobilizujący ich do aktywności oraz dbania o siebie. Praca dawała im możliwość przełamania izolacji społecznej przez przebywanie wśród ludzi z podobnymi problemami oraz takimi, którzy nie chorowali psychicznie. Gratyfikacja finansowa pozwała na większą samodzielność i sprzyjała rozwijaniu umiejętności planowania oraz zarządzania budżetem.

Wnioski

Z badań wynika, że korzystne jest zachęcanie osób, które utraciły pracę wskutek choroby psychicznej, do podejmowania prób aktywizacji zawodowej w ramach posiadanych kwalifikacji lub zdobywania nowych kwalifikacji, korzystając z ofert instytucji rehabilitacyjnych. Szczególnie ważne jest zapewnienie profesjonalnego wsparcia w okresach reorientacji i readaptacji zawodowej. Jego celem jest pomoc pacjentom w odzyskiwaniu poczucia kontroli i sprawstwa, a jednocześnie w radzeniu sobie z trudnymi uczuciami, związanymi z utratą lubianej i czasem cenionej pozycji społecznej. Autorzy tego artykułu zwracają również uwagę na konieczność dalszych badań eksplorujących trudności pacjentów w miejscu pracy i ich strategie radzenia sobie.
Neurochemical alterations in anterior cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (1H-MRS)
Authors: Galińska-Skok Beata , Konarzewska Beata , Kubas Bożena , Tarasów Eugeniusz , Szulc Agata
Published: September 2016

Cel

Celem naszego badania było określenie zmian neurochemicznych u pacjentów z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym przy użyciu spektroskopii protonowej MR (1H-MRS).

Metoda

Zbadano 27 pacjentów z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym (z epizodem manii i mieszanym, depresji i w stanie remisji objawów) oraz 10 zdrowych osób. Badania obrazowe MR wykonano skanerem o natężeniu pola 1,5 T. Voxele o objętości 8 cm3 lokalizowano w przednim zakręcie obręczy oraz w obrębie płata czołowego i płata skroniowego po stronie lewej. W widmie wynikowym oceniano zawartość związków chemicznych w odniesieniu do kreatyny (Cr) i nietłumionego sygnału wody: NAA (N-acetyloasparaginian), Glx (kompleks glutaminian/glutamina/GABA), Cho (cholina), Cr (kreatyna i fosfokreatyna), mI (mioinozytol).

Wyniki

W grupie pacjentów z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym w porównaniu do osób zdrowych obserwowano w przednim zakręcie obręczy istotne statystycznie podwyższenie proporcji Cho/H2O (p = 0,029) oraz trend w kierunku wyższej proporcji Cho/Cr (p = 0,096).

Wnioski

Wyniki naszego badania potwierdzają, że w zaburzeniu afektywnym dwubiegunowym występują zmiany neurochemiczne w zakresie związków choliny w przednim zakręcie obręczy.
Hollow mask illusion – is it really a test for schizophrenia?
Authors: Wichowicz Hubert , Ciszewski Sławomir , Żuk Krzysztof , Rybak-Korneluk Anna
Published: September 2016

Cel pracy

Celem badania była ocena zjawiska percepcji głębi u chorych na schizofrenię w porównaniu do osób zdrowych.

Metoda

Przeprowadzono porównanie oceny wklęsłości maski twarzy, wykorzystując popularną stronę internetową prezentującą obracającą się maskę Charlie Chaplina. Badanie przeprowadzono u osób hospitalizowanych w Państwowym Szpitalu Dla Nerwowo i Psychicznie Chorych w Starogardzie Gdańskim z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii paranoidalnej i niezróżnicowanej, postawionym w oparciu o kryteria ICD-10 oraz odpowiednio dobraną pod względem wieku i wykształcenia grupę kontrolna, obie po 58 osób.

Wyniki

Prawidłowe postrzeganie głębi w iluzji wydrążonej maski dotyczy ok. 30% chorych na schizofrenię paranoidalną i niezróżnicowaną w okresie zaostrzenia i jest w tej grupie trzykrotnie wyższe niż w ogóle populacji. Poza liczbą nawrotów i hospitalizacji w anamnezie zjawisko to nie wykazuje korelacji z innymi cechami klinicznymi i demograficznymi osób chorych, takimi jak: wiek zachorowania, czas trwania schorzenia, wyniki skali zespołów pozytywnych i negatywnych (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS).

Wnioski

Prawidłowe postrzeganie wydrążonej maski potencjalnie może być jedną z kolejnych przesłanek do rozpoznania schizofrenii w przypadkach wątpliwych. Za przeprowadzeniem testu przemawia również jego prostota i ogólna dostępność.
Letter to Editor. Depression and cytokines – a different perspective
Authors: Celik Cemil , Oznur Taner , Ozdemir Barbaros
Published: September 2016

no summary
Research Note—Designing Promotion Ladders to Mitigate Turnover of IT Professionals
Authors: MacCrory Frank , Choudhary Vidyanand , Pinsonneault Alain
Published: September 2016

Chronic excessive turnover among information technology (IT) professionals has been costly to firms for decades with annual turnover rates as high as 24% even among Computerworld’s “100 Best Places to Work in IT.” Prior information systems literature has identified two key factors affecting turnover: boundary-spanning roles and low promotability in one’s current firm. We draw on tournament theory, which is primarily concerned with inducing effort in employees, to decompose promotability into two distinct constructs: the likelihood of promotion and benefit from promotion, and demonstrate that each has a distinct role in affecting turnover rates. Our key result is that a job ladder motivating IT professionals with large, infrequent promotions will lead to higher turnover than a job ladder with smaller, more frequent promotions. We describe the conditions under which rearranging the job ladder creates economic value for the firm. We also offer an explanation for the observation that jobs characterized by boundary-spanning activities have higher turnover, and show that such jobs are more sensitive to the effect of likelihood of promotion on turnover. We test our hypotheses on a detailed data set covering 5,704 IT professionals over a five-year period. We confirm that likelihood of promotion has the predicted effects on turnover of IT professionals. A one standard deviation increase in likelihood of promotion decreases turnover by over 99%, consistent with our prediction. The empirical analysis also confirms the predicted effects of boundary spanning activities.
Measuring the Efficiency of Category-Level Sales Response to Promotions
Authors: Trivedi Minakshi , Gauri Dinesh K. , Ma Yu
Published: September 2016

In this study, we focus on measuring the efficiency of category-level sales response to promotions across various categories and stores. Our heterogeneous stochastic frontier model allows us to attribute portions of this efficiency to specific characteristics of the stores and categories. Using our full PEM (promotional efficiency frontier) model, we analyze the efficiency of 20 frequently bought categories of a supermarket retailer and apply it to store-category-level data. We find that the average efficiency of category and store sales response across all categories and stores is 84.34%, with low values in categories such as spreads and fresh seafood and high values in categories such as frozen entrées and meat. We find that the variation in efficiency of this sales response can be attributed to specific store and category characteristics such as selling area of store, distance to competition, number of stock-keeping units in the category, and average interpurchase time. Unobserved heterogeneity is captured by the latent class approach that provides support for the existence of three segments. An understanding of the roles played by these characteristics in the efficiency of sales response can aid managers in devising a strategy that maximizes sales.

This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Initiative empowers pregnant women to know when to seek help
Authors: Eldridge Heidi
Published: September 2016

To help women identify symptoms of potential pregnancy-related complications, charity MAMA Academy has launched Wellbeing Wallets, explains chief executive officer Heidi Eldridge.
Safe drug administration in midwifery
Authors: Hindley Carol
Published: September 2016

Adequate risk assessment by the midwife prior to the administration of medicines is crucial. No medicine should be administered without considering the possibility of error or an adverse reaction. Midwives are in a unique position in respect of the midwives exemptions, and must be clear regarding their professional accountability in this respect. This article highlights the main clinical aspects of the safe administration of medicines in maternity care and provides key points for safe clinical practice.
Newborn examination on full-term neonate whose mother had group B streptococcus colonisation
Authors: Beacock Michelle
Published: September 2016

This article presents a case report of a newborn infant physical examination (NIPE) performed while the author was studying for the post-registration NIPE qualification as caseloading midwife. The author examined infants in the community—either homebirths or infants that had been discharged from hospital. One neonate examined was born at 40 weeks' gestation to a woman identified as having group B streptococcus colonisation at 36 weeks' gestation. The woman declined birth in hospital with intrapartum antibiotics, choosing instead to birth at home. This case is used to reflect on current practices regarding the management of women colonised with group B streptococcus, and on the NIPE screening programme. The rationale for the NIPE is addressed, alongside the midwife's role and the importance of the timing of the NIPE. The evidence surrounding the management of group B streptococcus and the potential impact on the neonate is examined. All components of the general physical examination as outlined by the UK National Screening Committee were assessed, but the case study focuses on issues pertinent to a full-term healthy newborn born to a woman with group B streptococcus. It critically evaluates the relevant neurobehavioural and physiological assessments, in order that normal can be assumed or deviation from the norm identified. The techniques and tools for assessment are discussed alongside professional, legal and ethical implications.
In memory of Dr Kate Granger
Authors: Windsor Sophie
Published: September 2016

The creator of the #hellomynameis campaign passed away in July 2016 following a battle with cancer. Sophie Windsor reflects on what we can learn from Dr Kate Granger's legacy.
Training – vital for practice growth
Authors: Rowland Nicki
Published: September 2016

Good governance can help to drive your practice forward. Nicki Rowland looks at staff training and how learning is essential to practice growth
The designer approach to digital orthodontics
Authors: De Rosa Francesca
Published: September 2016

Orthodontic nurse Francesca De Rosa describes her role at London Lingual Orthodontic Clinic, which is pioneering digital technology
Colour-coded dental care
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: September 2016

A look at the safe disposal of waste in a dental surgery setting, with Rebecca Waters
Correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus with combined proximal opening wedge and distal chevron osteotomies
Authors: Jeyaseelan L. , Chandrashekar S. , Mulligan A. , Bosman H. A. , Watson A. J. S.
Published: September 2016

Aims

The mainstay of surgical correction of hallux valgus is first metatarsal osteotomy, either proximally or distally. We present a technique of combining a distal chevron osteotomy with a proximal opening wedge osteotomy, for the correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed 45 patients (49 feet) who had undergone double osteotomy. Outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and the Short Form (SF) -36 Health Survey scores. Radiological measurements were undertaken to assess the correction. The mean age of the patients was 60.8 years (44.2 to 75.3). The mean follow-up was 35.4 months (24 to 51).

Results

The mean AOFAS score improved from 54.7 to 92.3 (p < 0.001) and the mean SF-36 score from 59 to 86 (p < 0.001). The mean hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles were improved from 41.6o to 12.8o (p < 0.001) and from 22.1o to 7.1o, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean distal metatarsal articular angle improved from 23o to 9.7o. The mean sesamoid position, as described by Hardy and Clapham, improved from 6.8 to 3.5. The mean length of the first metatarsal was unchanged. The overall rate of complications was 4.1% (two patients).

Conclusion

These results suggest that a double osteotomy of the first metatarsal is a reliable, safe technique which, when compared with other metatarsal osteotomies, provides strong angular correction and excellent outcomes with a low rate of complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1202–7.
The Charcot foot
Authors: Trieb K.
Published: September 2016

Neuropathic changes in the foot are common with a prevalence of approximately 1%. The diagnosis of neuropathic arthropathy is often delayed in diabetic patients with harmful consequences including amputation. The appropriate diagnosis and treatment can avoid an extensive programme of treatment with significant morbidity for the patient, high costs and delayed surgery. The pathogenesis of a Charcot foot involves repetitive micro-trauma in a foot with impaired sensation and neurovascular changes caused by pathological innervation of the blood vessels. In most cases, changes are due to a combination of both pathophysiological factors. The Charcot foot is triggered by a combination of mechanical, vascular and biological factors which can lead to late diagnosis and incorrect treatment and eventually to destruction of the foot.

This review aims to raise awareness of the diagnosis of the Charcot foot (diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy and the differential diagnosis, erysipelas, peripheral arterial occlusive disease) and describe the ways in which the diagnosis may be made. The clinical diagnostic pathways based on different classifications are presented.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1155–9.
Production design as a storytelling tool in the writing of the Danish TV drama series The Legacy
Authors: Redvall Eva Novrup , Sabroe Iben Albinus
Published: September 2016

Production design not only sets the scene for the action of a film or television series, it holds great potential to convey story and character information. However, most literature on production design describe how the work of production designers only begin in pre-production when they are ‘given a script’ in order to execute a text. This article argues that the production designer can play a crucial part in the screenwriting process by contributing to the narrative and character design from an early stage. Focusing on the use of production design in the development, writing and production of the Danish drama series Arvingerne/The Legacy (2014–), the article analyses the implications of creator Maya Ilsøe’s close collaboration with the series’ production designer Mia Stensgaard. This collaboration not only centred on creating a special visual universe for the series, but also involved having the production design perform crucial back story and character information related to the inheritance drama and to the portrayal of the artist matriarch Veronika who was intended to haunt the lives of her children throughout the series even though she dies in the very first episode.