bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separating, baling and processing waste
Authors: Komazec Gordana , Kicosev Sasa , Puzic Goran
Published: October 2011

The economy based on the exploitation of fossil fuels has entered the phase of disappearance, and a new one is being formed under the influence of the third industrial revolution. The third industrial revolution is developing from the process of the resolution of serious problems that have appeared in the ecosystem, and demands a new platform of interaction between the world's governments, civil society and the business world [Stigson 2008]. The consumer society that was developing until the beginning of the 21st century started from the premise that we cannot expect charity from nature. Regardless of their renewability and speed of renewal, natural resources should have been used in the measure in which humanity needed it. Needs rose uncontrollably, damaging the basic principle by which the balance of the biosphere was maintained - the parity of community members' insignificance. The man with the technosphere prevailed over the biosphere. Since nothing is provided for free and nature knows best, the beginning of the 21st century is seeing renewed attempts to establish a co-evolution of nature and society. This necessitates radical changes in people's work, lifestyle and thinking. The problem of waste requires a total break with previous practices. The existing 6.6 billion people annually produce between 2.5 and 4 billion tons of waste (The Millennium Development Goals Report 2008). Developed countries such as, e.g., the US, annually produce about 700 kilograms of waste per person, while poor countries, such as, e.g., the urban parts of India, produce only 150 kilograms per person annually. Each resident of the EU leaves behind 500 kg of waste per year. Serbia has the same civilization problems. In addition, as a transition country, it is in a position to decide the extent to which this problem will be in the hands of state companies and how much will be left to private capital owners. Moreover, Serbia is creating a development strategy that also includes food production. The agricultural-food production sector, which is one of the biggest environmental polluters, has always made up a significant part of Serbia's GDP. This paper attempts to emphasize the complexity of the problem of waste and the necessity of cooperation between all organizations within the decision-making process.
Temporal jurisdiction of international judicial and arbitral courts
Authors: Djajic Sanja
Published: October 2011

Author explores different temporal aspects of jurisdiction of International Court of Justice, European Court for Human Rights and international investment arbitrations. Temporal limitations are two-fold: non-retroactivity of international acts, on one hand, and ratione temporis conditions for each and every international forum, on the other. Despite differences courts tend to conceptualize common elements across the borders of different jurisdictional rules. The rule of non-retroactivity will find its application before different fora, but discrepancies will emerge with respect to concepts of continuous and composite acts which potentially may overcome temporal limitations. This article explores intertemporal rule and non-retroactivity within the meaning of Article 28 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and Articles 13-15 of ILC Articles on State Responsibility.
The Lisbon Treaty and the principle of subsidiarity
Authors: Ladjevac Ivona , Djukanovic Dragan
Published: October 2011

In this article authors focus their attention to one of the key principles of the European Union - the principle of subsidiarity. In introduction they refer to the European Union as a sui generis entity not just speaking in terms of its organizational structure but also in terms of distribution of power within it. In this line they consider the principle of subsidiarity. In the second part of the paper, authors focus their attention to arrangements provided by the Maastricht Treaty - which introduced the principle of subsidiarity, the Amsterdam Treaty, the Draft on the Constitution for Europe and, at last but not at least, to the Lisbon Treaty. Having on mind significant changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty regarding the principle of subsidiarity, this treaty has a special place.
Acquisition of ownership by non-owners in the draft of common frame of reference study group for European Civil code
Authors: Planojevic Nina
Published: October 2011

The subject of the paper is analysis of provisions concerning acquisition of ownership by non-owners from the recently presented Book VIII of the Draft of Common Frame of Reference of the Study group for European civil code. These regulative have been commented by the author and compared to the regulative of EU countries, pointing out to similarities, differences as well as discrepancies from solutions. Regulative of acquisition of property by non-owners he considers as divided in six parts: object; legal basis; delivery of goods; self-consciousness of the owner; ownership over the stolen goods and the fortune of the rights of third persons. With slight remarks, the author estimates this project as a complete, purposeful and quality decision. Comparing these decisions of EU countries and those from the Draft, he also estimates the reception of these decisions in Serbia as well, as prospective EU member.
On the promulgation of the new Hungarian Civil code
Authors: Dudas Atila
Published: October 2011

Apart from previous partial codifications and system-laws, the first civil code in Hungary was promulgated in 1959. After the beginning of transition in 1989, despite the great number of amendments to the existing Civil code, to issue of recodification of civil law in Hungary became inevitable. This process began in 1998 when the Government appointed a committee with most renowned Hungarian legal scholars as members, which had the task to prepare a draft version of a new civil code. The committee has worked devotedly on the text of the draft for nearly a decade. In 2003 it published the so-called Concept and Syllabus of the new civil code in order to enable the public to get knowledge of the planned subject matter of the draft and, what is even more important, enable it to contribute to the quality of the draft by expressing critical remarks and suggestions. The committee, having taken into account the opinion of the public, continued its work on the draft and published the first full text of the draft in 2006. 2007 marked a turning point in the codification procedure when, to general astonishment, the Ministry of Justice took over the task of drafting a civil code, by which the drafting committee's mandate on the preparation of the new civil code ceased to exist, before it even could have had a chance to process the remarks the public had had on the 2006 draft. The Ministry published its first version of the draft in 2007, and a second one in 2008. In the same year, the committee, whose mandate has ceased to exist in 2007, published its, by then unofficial, version of the draft in order to make the achievements of its nearly decade-long work available to public in authentic form. The Ministry's second draft was adopted in 2008 by the Government and submitted to the Parliament as a bill to be enacted. The Parliament, after it had been in legislative procedure for a year or so, finally adopted the new Civil code of Hungary, though with a very slim majority. However, the President, using his constitutional powers, denied promulgating it, just as the subsequently enacted Law on the Implementation and Entering into Force of the new Civil Code. The President, who is, by the way, one of the most prominent civil law scholars in Hungary, expressed his deepest doubts in respect of the enactment of the new Civil code, both in terms of its substantial flaws and the manner in which the legislative draft and bill have been prepared. Using his right to suspensive veto he could not bring to naught the new Civil code, but he succeeded in postponing its promulgation and entry into force. The aim of this paper is to block in the tempestuous, decade-long work on the text of the new Civil code and its content in short, with special regard to the reasons for which the President denied to promulgate it.
Two centuries of the Austrian Civil code (1811-2011)
Authors: Nikolic Dusan
Published: October 2011

Austrian civil code (Allgemeines b?rgerliches Gesetzbuch - ABGB, ACC) succeeded in resisting the challenges of time for two centuries. A number of factors influenced it's longevity. First of all, prior to adoption of the law, a long lasting and well designed work, which has been described in greater detail in this article, was done. The Code was written gradually, with lots of recalculations, checks and public debates. In legal literature, it is often written about a unique lawmaking experiment, which Austrian authorities made by implementing the Code in one part of the state territory. The Code was written for feudal order, but according to principles of natural law. This second thing has, in addition to widely formulated and flexible legal norms, left enough space for extensive interpretation of outdated rules, and filling in the legal lacunas, whose number was increasing as the time passed. Courts often used this opportunity in a creative manner, contributing to survival of the Code. Many additions and changes were made to the Code, but there were few of those who thought that it should be changed by a new one Code. Austrians are preparing a more detailed revision of the ACC, which will allow modernization of the national law and it's synchronization with trends in current European law, but on the other hand, to preserve the two century old legal heritage. The second part of this article is dedicated to the influence of the Austrian Civil Code on the development of civil law in the former Yugoslavia and Serbia. ACC served as model for adoption of the Serbian Civil Code of 1844. It was applied as a positive law in the first half of XX century, in one part of the territory of today's Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Formally, legal rules of the Austrian Civil Code can even be applied today, according to the Law on Nullity of Legal Regulations Enacted Prior to 6th of April 1941, and During the Enemy Occupation. However, that possibility is more theoretical than practical, and is limited only to a narrow field inside the property law, because in other fields, Serbia has an equally proper, and in domain of obligation law, even a more modern legal regulative, which was mentioned by some Austrian authors.
Directional northern element in the flora of vascular plants of Poland
Authors: Zając Maria , Zając Adam
Published: October 2011

Directional northern element in the flora of vascular plants of Poland

The directional element is a local determinant of spatial diversity of flora of a given country, within widely understood geographical elements. In Poland, a country situated in the middle of Europe, most species belong to the transitional element (with no range limit in our country). Besides the transitional element, the directional northern element (with its southern limit in Poland) is present. It can be divided into two distinct groups: species that have their absolute southern range limit in Poland and those that have both southern and northern limits with a significant disjunction in Central Poland. Although they are two different groups, they will be discussed within the combined study. The first one constitutes 1.9% of the directional element, the second one 1.3%. As far as general ranges are concerned, Circumboreal and Eurosiberian species prevail in the first group, with a significant share of the taxa of geographical connective element. European-temperate taxa are the most numerous in the second group. The two above-mentioned groups will also be distinguished by their species belonging to the higher syntaxonomical units. Such a small share of the northern element in the flora of Poland confirms that our country belongs to the Central European Province, where the North-European element is, to a large extent, a relict of the earlier periods of the Holocene.
A comparative study of fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in salivary gland lesions
Authors: Vaidya S , Sinha A , Narayan S , Adhikari S , Sabira KC
Published: October 2011

Background: A wide variety of benign and malignant tumours originate in the salivary glands and insufficient tumour cells make their diagnosis difficult in some patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions and to correlate cytological findings with histopathology. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done from September 2002 to May 2004. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 58 patients with clinically significant salivary gland masses. Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology categorized 67.24% of the salivary gland lesions as neoplastic and 32.76% as non-neoplastic lesions. Amongst the neoplastic lesions, 76.9% were benign and 23.1% were malignant cases. Histopathological examination revealed that 81.05% of the cases were benign and 18.95% were malignant. Fine needle aspiration cytology had a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 81.82%, 100% and 96.55%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 100% and 95.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration of the salivary gland is a safe and reliable technique in the primary diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although, limitations are encountered while predicting specific lesions on cytology, especially when dealing with cystic and some malignant lesions, this study has shown that fine needle aspiration cytology has a high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing salivary gland lesions. Keywords: Salivary glands; Fine needle aspiration cytology; Histopathology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5403 JPN 2011; 1(2): 108-113
Opportunistic intestinal parasites and CD4 count in HIV infected people
Authors: Amatya R , Shrestha R , Poudyal N , Bhandari S
Published: October 2011

Background: Opportunistic intestinal infections cause a significant morbidity and mortality among the HIV infected people. The present study was undertaken to find the prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasitic infections among the HIV infected populace in eastern Nepal and to correlate the occurrence with the CD4 T cell counts. Materials and Methods: Stool from 122 HIV infected people were examined microscopically for the presence of parasitic ova/cyst. CD4 T cell enumeration was done using FACS Count (Becton Dickinson). Stool from 100 age matched HIV negative controls were also examined. Results: A male preponderance in the parasite positivity was seen. Twenty five of symptomatic and 2.8% of asymptomatic harboured one or more intestinal parasites.12.3% of the study population had intestinal parasitoses with 7.3% being infected with opportunistic parasites. The mean CD4 count of the subjects was 307 while those with parasitoses were 204. A statistically significant difference was seen between the CD4 counts of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: Coccidian parasites are frequent opportunistic intestinal parasites infecting HIV infected patients. A lowered CD4 count predisposes to acquisition of these agents. Regular monitoring of CD4 counts and screening for these opportunistic agents in the HIV infected will help reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with infections by these agents. Keywords: HIV; Opportunistic infection; CD4 count; AIDS DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5405 JPN 2011; 1(2): 118-121
A fixed point theorem in Menger space
Authors: Pant BD , Chauhan Sunny
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of weakly compatible maps in Menger space and prove a common fixed point theorem in this space.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54H25.Keywords: Triangle norm; Menger space; Fixed point theorem; Weakly compatible mapsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3126/kuset.v7i1.5417 KUSET 2011; 7(1): 9-17
Performing History: The War-Time Pageants of Louis Napoleon Parker
Authors: Lau Meghan
Published: October 2011

While Louis Napoleon Parker is recognized as the originator of the Edwardian village pageants, his First World War pageants have not, to date, received scholarly attention. Although critics have long associated the Edwardian revival of pageantry with nostalgia and an ahistorical treatment of the past, Parker's war-time pageantry in fact avoids facile and crudely propagandistic depictions of history. Instead, these public performances of history foreground self-conscious and critical examinations of history. Situating Parker's war-time pageants in conversation with the growing body of work on historical reenactment, this essay proposes that the war-time pageants manipulate historical distance so as to alternately produce affective proximity and cognitive distance.
Bone marrow necrosis secondary to imatinib usage, mimicking spinal metastasis on magnetic resonance imaging and FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Aras Yavuz , Akcakaya Mehmet Osman , Unal Seher N. , Bilgic Bilge , Unal Omer Faruk
Published: October 2011

Imatinib mesylate has become the treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and has made a revolutionary impact on survival rates. Bone marrow necrosis is a very rare adverse event in malignant GIST. Bone metastases are also rarely encountered in the setting of this disease. The authors report on a patient with malignant GIST who developed a bone lesion, mimicking spinal metastasis on both MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT. Corpectomy and anterior fusion was performed, but the pathology report was consistent with bone marrow necrosis. Radiological and clinical similarities made the distinction between metastasis and bone marrow necrosis challenging for the treating physicians. Instead of radical surgical excision, more conservative methods such as percutaneous or endoscopic bone biopsies may be more useful for pathological confirmation, even though investigations such as MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT indicate metastatic disease.
Applying Length-Dependent Stochastic Context-Free Grammars to RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
Authors: Weinberg Frank , Nebel Markus E.
Published: October 2011

In order to be able to capture effects from co-transcriptional folding, we extend stochastic context-free grammars such that the probability of applying a rule can depend on the length of the subword that is eventually generated from the symbols introduced by the rule, and we show that existing algorithms for training and for determining the most probable parse tree can easily be adapted to the extended model without losses in performance. Furthermore, we show that the extended model is suited to improve the quality of predictions of RNA secondary structures. The extended model may also be applied to other fields where stochastic context-free grammars are used like natural language processing. Additionally some interesting questions in the field of formal languages arise from it.
Modeling of the Response Time of Thermal Flow Sensors
Authors: Issa Safir , Sturm Hannes , Lang Walter
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces a simple theoretical model for the response time of thermal flow sensors. Response time is defined here as the time needed by the sensor output signal to reach 63.2% of amplitude due to a change of fluid flow. This model uses the finite-difference method to solve the heat transfer equations, taking into consideration the transient conduction and convection between the sensor membrane and the surrounding fluid. Program results agree with experimental measurements and explain the response time dependence on the velocity and the sensor geometry. Values of the response time vary from about 5 ms in the case of stagnant flow to 1.5 ms for a flow velocity of 44 m/s.
Transcriptional and Functional Analysis Shows Sodium Houttuyfonate-Mediated Inhibition of Autolysis in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liu Guoxing , Xiang Hua , Tang Xudong , Zhang Kaiyu , Wu Xiuping , Wang Xuelin , Guo Na , Feng Haihua , Wang Guangming , Liu Lihui , Shi Qiyun , Shen Fengge , Xing Mingxun , Yuan Peng , Liu Mingyuan , Yu Lu
Published: October 2011

Sodium houttuyfonate (SH), an addition compound of sodium bisulfite and houttuynin, showed in vitro antibacterial activity against 21 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains grown in planktonic cultures. Microarray results showed decreased levels of autolysin atl, sle1, cidA and lytN transcripts in the SH-treated strain as compared to the control strain, consistent with the induction of the autolytic repressors lrgAB and sarA and with the downregulation of the positive regulators agrA and RNAIII. Triton X-100-induced autolysis was significantly decreased by SH in S. aureus ATCC 25923, and quantitative bacteriolytic assays and zymographic analysis demonstrated SH-mediated reduction of extracellular murein hydrolase activity in these cells. Anti-biofilm assay showed that SH is poorly active against S. aureus grown in biofilm cultures, whereas SH diminished the amounts of extracellular DNA (eDNA) of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner, which suggested that SH may impede biofilm formation by reducing the expression of cidA to inhibit autolysis and eDNA release in the early phase. Some of the microarray results were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR.
Antiretroviral Drug Interactions: Overview of Interactions Involving New and Investigational Agents and the Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Management
Authors: Rathbun R. Chris , Liedtke Michelle D.
Published: October 2011

Antiretrovirals are prone to drug-drug and drug-food interactions that can result in subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic concentrations. Interactions between antiretrovirals and medications for other diseases are common due to shared metabolism through cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and transport by membrane proteins (e.g., p-glycoprotein, organic anion-transporting polypeptide). The clinical significance of antiretroviral drug interactions is reviewed, with a focus on new and investigational agents. An overview of the mechanistic basis for drug interactions and the effect of individual antiretrovirals on CYP450 and UGT isoforms are provided. Interactions between antiretrovirals and medications for other co-morbidities are summarized. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the detection and management of antiretroviral drug interactions is also briefly discussed.
Enzyme-Polymers Conjugated to Quantum-Dots for Sensing Applications
Authors: Mansur Alexandra , Mansur Herman , González Juan
Published: October 2011

In the present research, the concept of developing a novel system based on polymer-enzyme macromolecules was tested by coupling carboxylic acid functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-COOH) to glucose oxidase (GOx) followed by the bioconjugation with CdS quantum-dots (QD). The resulting organic-inorganic nanohybrids were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spectroscopy results have clearly shown that the polymer-enzyme macromolecules (PVA-COOH/GOx) were synthesized by the proposed zero-length linker route. Moreover, they have performed as successful capping agents for the nucleation and constrained growth of CdS quantum-dots via aqueous colloidal chemistry. The TEM images associated with the optical absorption results have indicated the formation of CdS nanocrystals with estimated diameters of about 3.0 nm. The “blue-shift” in the visible absorption spectra and the PL values have provided strong evidence that the fluorescent CdS nanoparticles were produced in the quantum-size confinement regime. Finally, the hybrid system was biochemically assayed by injecting the glucose substrate and detecting the formation of peroxide with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Thus, the polymer-enzyme-QD hybrid has behaved as a nanostructured sensor for glucose detecting.
Herpes Simplex Virus Load to Monitor Antiviral Treatment after Liver Transplantation for Acute Herpetic Hepatitis
Authors: Ambrosioni Juan , Kaiser Laurent , Giostra Emiliano , Meylan Pascal , Mentha Gilles , Toso Christian , Genevay-Infante Muriel , Rubbia-Brandt Laura , van Delden Christian
Published: October 2011

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis is an uncommon cause of acute liver failure (ALF), primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. So far, 148 cases have been published, of which 9 underwent liver transplantation (LT). The reported post-transplant survival is poor, with over 60% dying in the first year. Dosing and duration of antiviral therapy after LT are not established. Concerns include both the risk of hepatic recurrence after LT and emergence of viral resistance during prolonged therapy. HSV DNA plasma levels might be helpful to monitor therapeutic response and guide duration of therapy. We present a case of ALF complicating a primary HSV-1 infection in an immunocompetent host, who required emergency LT. We further discuss the value of measuring serial HSV DNA plasma loads to monitor antiviral therapy.
Fatal Bacillary Angiomatosis Mimicking An Infiltrative Vascular Tumour in the Immune Restoration Phase of An HIV-Infected Patient
Authors: Murillo Oscar , Mimbrera Daniel , Petit Ana , Gil Horacio , Anda Pedro , Carrera Marta , Podzamczer Daniel
Published: October 2011

Bacillary angiomatosis mainly affects the HIV-infected population. Information is limited on the evolution of bacillary angiomatosis during immune restoration following initiation of HAART. We report an unusual case of fatal Bartonella quintana bacillary angiomatosis occurring in an HIV-infected man during the immune restoration phase.
La evanescencia del pueblo y los usos del romancero como factor de identidad política
Authors: Díaz Viana Luis
Published: October 2011

La recopilación y el estudio de la balada en general, y del romancero en particular, ha constituido, desde que se empieza a despertar el interés de los folkloristas románticos, un campo especialmente propicio para ser utilizado como factor de reconstrucción de identidades políticas. El hecho de que música y texto estén en toda baladística inseparablemente unidos favorece esa potencialidad. Lo que este trabajo se plantea es por qué en el caso del romancero la tendencia dominante en su estudio se ha caracterizado hasta el presente por un enfoque a escala nacional o hispánico, llegando a desaconsejarse incluso la práctica de las colecciones regionales o provinciales. Y qué condicionamientos metodológicos ha acarreado esta postura, a la que no se puede desligar –de otro lado– de una determinada concepción teórica de pueblo, como pueblo-nación, la cual viene a determinar –paralelamente– la evanescencia y licuación de una gente o pueblo más localizados y concretos: quienes no sólo transmiten, sino también crean la cultura, el verdadero folk.
Música, censura y Falange: el control de la actividad musical desde la Vicesecretaría de Educación Popular (1941-1945)
Authors: Pérez Zalduondo Gemma
Published: October 2011

Elaborado en base a los documentos del Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), el artículo estudia la normativa dictada por la Vicesecretaría de Educación Popular en 1942 encaminada al control y la censura de todos los aspectos de la actividad musical: sociedades, conciertos, conferencias, grabaciones, ediciones, música radiada y músicos. Analiza los criterios seguidos por el ejercicio censorio en el marco político del momento y se detiene en las posibles influencias de las corrientes católicas más integristas y de la germanofilia de la propia institución. Finalmente, se interroga sobre el impacto de los extremos anteriores sobre las músicas “culta” y “popular”.
Las sucesiones terrígenas del Triásico superior y la base del Jurásico del Alto Muluya (Marruecos): estratigrafía y contexto geodinámico
Authors: Saâdi Z. , Fedan B. , Laadila M. , Azzouz O. , Sanz de Galdeano C.
Published: October 2011

Las cuencas triásico-jurásicas del Alto Muluya han registrado la evolución del proceso de “rifting” que ocurrió en elAtlas: una apertura en la dirección SO-NE, una sedimentación continental sintectónica y un volcanismo activo. En este proceso se formaron cuencas a modo de sucesivos escalones asimétricos, que fueron hundiéndose a lo largo del tiempo. Estas cuencas, en especial durante la formación de las series terrígenas (argilites salifères supérieures en la literatura francesa de la región: Michard, 1976; Kaoukaya, 1987) de la extrema base del Jurásico, muestran una organización típica de relleno continental sintectónico, con intercalaciones volcanosedimentarias y volcanoclásticas, generalmente con sedimentos gruesos hacia la base, progresivamente más finos hacia el techo. El origen de estos depósitos se debe a la erosión de relieves próximos en vías de reactivación. Los depósitos más gruesos, nutridos por cantos volcánicos, forman secuencias de depósitos aluviales y fluviales entre las que se intercalan de forma irregular facies arcillosas de llanura de inundación. El relleno se producía por fuertes descargas intermitentes con una gran cantidad de sedimentos, propias de corrientes torrenciales que depositaban los sedimentos a lo largo de los escarpes originados por fallas. El techo de las series terrígenas muestra un predominio de detríticos finos y no presenta restos volcanoclásticos, lo que refleja el arrasamiento de los relieves en el área fuente y la instauración en el área de depósito de una llanura de inundación. Esto atestigua una homogenización generalizada durante un periodo de calma tectónica. Durante el depósito de las series terrígenas, las rocas piroclásticas se formaron en los sectores tectónicamente activos (Tizi n’Rechou, Tizi n’Toumelba, Tawrirt, Boutkhoubaye et Boumia), donde son potentes y variadas. Este volcanismo tardío se produce en relación con las últimas fases del “rifting” manifestado por el rejuego de estructuras mayores hercinianas y tardi-hercinianas. Así, durante el Triásico y la base del Jurásico la región estuvo sometida a la extensión producida en los estadios iniciales de la apertura del Atlántico central y del Tethys occidental.
Regosolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution and classification
Authors: VandenBygaart A. J.
Published: October 2011

VandenBygaart, A. J. 2011. Regosolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 881–887. Regosolic soils of the Canadian System of Soil Classification are those soils that are weakly developed and do not contain a recognizable B horizon at least 5 cm thick. They must be able to support plant life and thus represent the boundary between pedologic and geologic realms. They commonly occur in Canada where recent geomorphic or anthropogenic processes have exposed fresh parent materials to the climatic forcings at the earth's surface, but can also occur where parent materials are highly resistant to weathering or where climatic conditions are arid and cold. A key stage in their development involves stabilization of the parent material usually by vegetation, which through the plant carbon cycle provides organic matter to the surface, a key component of many soil formation processes. Regosolic soils occur broadly across Canada with major areas in southern Quebec, southern Manitoba, the Rocky Mountains and the Arctic. Classification and taxonomy are fairly straightforward in that all Regosolic soils lack a well-developed B horizon. They are divided into two Great Groups based on the development of an Ah horizon that is either greater than 10 cm thick or is less than 10 cm thick or absent.
Solonetzic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification
Authors: Miller J. J. , Brierley J. A.
Published: October 2011

Miller, J. J. and Brierley, J. A. 2011. Solonetzic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 889–902. Soils of the Solonetzic order are defined as having a Solonetzic B horizon designated as a Bn or Bnt horizon. The Solonetzic Order includes four great groups: Solonetz, Solodized Solonetz, Solod, and Vertic Solonetz. Solonetzic soils are thought to develop via the stepwise pedogenic processes of salinization, solonization (desalinzation and alkalization), and solodization. Soluble salts are brought into the soil pedon of Solonetzic soils by capillary movement and evaporation from spring to fall, and upward water flow from the water table to the freezing zone in the winter deposits salts upon freezing. Solonization proceeds when desalinization lowers the total salt content and alkalization is initiated by high exchangeable Na. Solodization occurs when anisotropic flow conditions or a change in vertical hydraulic gradients prevent capillary rise and replenishment of soluble Na in the Bn horizon. Two common Solonetzic catenas are found in the prairies. In the first sequence, Gleyed Solonetz or Solonetz occur in the depressional areas of the landscape, and soils then grade through Solodized Solonetz, Solods, and in some cases, Chernozems or normal zonal soils at higher elevations. In the second sequence, Solods are found in the lowest topographic position, while Solodized Solonetz, Solonetz and Chernozems are found at progressively higher slope positions. Solonetzic soils have unique properties that adversely affect their use for agriculture and other land uses (e.g., construction, septic systems). Further interdisciplinary research is required to better understand the genesis of these soils at the “meter scale” or local landscape level because of the extreme spatial variability of these soils.
Pulse Oximetry: A Diagnostic Instrument in Pulpal Vitality Testing—An in vivo Study
Authors: Siddheswaran V , Adyanthaya Rohit
Published: October 2011

Background and objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of the novel pulse oximeter probe (OxyTip+) over the conventional techniques of electric pulp tester and thermal testing of tooth vitality.

Methods

A total of 50 children of 7 to 12 years of age (group I) and 50 adults above 18 years of age (group II) with normal maxillary central incisors were subjected to vitality tests each by thermal, electrical and pulse oximetry. Also, 20 patients (group III) with known nonvital anterior teeth having complete endodontic restorations were tested as above. The procedure was recorded twice and the readings were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the Pearson's correlation tests.

Results

The correlation between the SaO2 readings and electrical readings were found to be negative with r = –0.201 and r = –0.39 for group I and group II respectively. The r value for group I was not statistically significant, but for group II it was significant with p < 0.01. It showed that the values of electrical pulp tester reading increased as the SaO2 values decreased.

In group I, all cases gave a positive response to thermal test with a SaO2 measure on tooth. But in group II, 2% of cases showed a negative response to thermal test though SaO2 measure on tooth gave reading.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that pulse oximetry with the OxyTip+ probe may be adaptable to the detection of pulpal blood circulation for all age groups, and thus diagnosis of pulp vitality.
Effectiveness of Prophylactic use of Etoricoxib in Comparison with Ibuprofen on Postendodontic Pain-randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study: An in vivo Study
Authors: Krishna Akash , Vedavathi B , Uppin Veerendra , Swapna DV
Published: October 2011

Aim

To determine if prophylactic etoricoxib significantly reduce postendodontic pain when compared with prophylactic ibuprofen and to establish if any relationship exists between pulpal and periapical diagnosis and the need for additional medication after completion of pulpectomy.

Materials and methods

Sixty patients consented to a double-blind, single-dose oral administration of 120 mg of etoricoxib or ibuprofen 600 mg or placebo before conventional root canal therapy. The patients were discharged with a VAS to fill out the intensity of pain initially first four hours every hour and then in 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after initial therapy. Each patient was given an escape envelope containing 650 mg of paracetamol in case of continued pain after taking the test medication in question. The patients were instructed to indicate in the VAS form if this additional medication was required and record the time it was taken.

Results

The result of the study showed that etoricoxib provided significantly better pain relief than placebo and ibuprofen. There was no statistically significant difference between placebo and ibuprofen. No difference in drug groups with respect to pulpal and periapical status was observed.

Conclusion

Prophylactic etoricoxib administration provides effective reduction of postendodontic pain. Furthermore, studies are required to know the pulpal and periapical status and need for additional medication.
Sporotrichosis of Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Sandeepa NC , Jaishankar HP , Sharath Chandra B , Veena SN , Yeshaswini T
Published: October 2011

Sporotrichosis or Gardener's disease is a chronic nodular subcutaneous mycotic disease, causative organism being Sporotrichum schenckii. The specific mode of entry of the fungus into the body, being mainly through small cuts and punctures and rarely by inhalation; which usually manifest as cutaneous and subcutaneous infections.

Here we report a rare case of sporotrichosis of maxillary sinus in an immunocompetent patient. Our case of sporotrichosis, a deep fungal infection involving maxillary sinus was confirmed by fungal culture and successfully managed by antifungal agents combined with surgical debridement.
An Alternative Treatment Approach for Enhancing Retention in Resorbed Ridges “Octopus Tentacle”
Authors: Pradeep S , Sangur Rajshekar , Laxman Rao B , LNU Eishaw , Mehrotra Ankith
Published: October 2011

The basic concern of edentulous patients is retention of their dentures. The success or failure of prosthesis is dependent on its ability to stay firmly in place in order to be able to perform the functions desired of it. The basic retention needs of denture wearers has led to considerable experimentation and research efforts trying to perfect dentures that compensate for natural tooth loss and to enhance retention by any means possible, such as attachments, springs, magnets, clasps, adhesive paste and powder. All have been tried with minimum success. This article describes unique and creative option in removable prosthetic retention by use of a soft denture lining material surfaced with multiple miniature suction cups, providing an alternative to ill-fitting poorly retentive dentures.
The "Lung": a software-controlled air accumulator for quasi-continuous multi-point measurement of agricultural greenhouse gases
Authors: Martin R. J. , Bromley A. M. , Harvey M. J. , Moss R. C. , Pattey E. , Dow D.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. We describe the design and testing of a flexible bag ("Lung") accumulator attached to a gas chromatographic (GC) analyzer capable of measuring surface-atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange fluxes in a wide range of environmental/agricultural settings. In the design presented here, the Lung can collect up to three gas samples concurrently, each accumulated into a Tedlar bag over a period of 20 min or longer. Toggling collection between 2 sets of 3 bags enables quasi-continuous collection with sequential analysis and discarding of sample residues. The Lung thus provides a flexible "front end" collection system for interfacing to a GC or alternative analyzer and has been used in 2 main types of application. Firstly, it has been applied to micrometeorological assessment of paddock-scale N2O fluxes, discussed here. Secondly, it has been used for the automation of concurrent emission assessment from three sheep housed in metabolic crates with gas tracer addition and sampling multiplexed to a single GC. The Lung allows the same GC equipment used in laboratory discrete sample analysis to be deployed for continuous field measurement. Continuity of measurement enables spatially-averaged N2O fluxes in particular to be determined with greater accuracy, given the highly heterogeneous and episodic nature of N2O emissions. We present a detailed evaluation of the micrometeorological flux estimation alongside an independent tuneable diode laser system, reporting excellent agreement between flux estimates based on downwind vertical concentration differences. Whilst the current design is based around triplet bag sets, the basic design could be scaled up to a larger number of inlets or bags and less frequent analysis (longer accumulation times) where a greater number of sampling points are required.
The metabolic response of pteropods to ocean acidification reflects natural CO2-exposure in oxygen minimum zones
Authors: Maas A. E. , Wishner K. F. , Seibel B. A.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Shelled pteropods (Thecosomata) are a group of holoplanktonic mollusks that are believed to be especially sensitive to ocean acidification because their aragonitic shells are highly soluble. Despite this concern, there is very little known about the physiological response of these animals to conditions of elevated carbon dioxide. This study examines the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of five pteropod species, collected from tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean, to elevated levels of carbon dioxide (0.10%, 1000 ppm). Our results show that pteropods that naturally migrate into oxygen minimum zones, such as Hyalocylis striata, Clio pyramidata, Cavolinia longirostris and Creseis virgula, were not affected by carbon dioxide at the levels and duration tested. Diacria quadridentata, which does not migrate, responds to high carbon dioxide conditions with reduced oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. This indicates that the natural chemical environment of individual species influences their resilience to ocean acidification.
Data recovery of A06 and A07 WOCE cruises
Authors: Fajar N. M. , Pérez F. F. , Velo A. , Ríos A. F.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The WOCE cruises were carried out during the 1990s and were included in GLODAP, which is an easily usable, available and fully calibrated global database. AT and CT data, together with the rest of carbon variables, were subjected to rigorous quality control and some adjustments were done assuming biases, in case of AT and CT, not greater than ±6 μmol kg−1 and ±4 μmol kg−1, respectively. The A06 and A07 cruises were deleted from GLODAP database owing to AT and CT data were not suitable for analysis. However, these data are still available in CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office web site, demonstrated the unreliable quality of AT and CT, but contrarily, the more realistic profiles of pH data. The main goal of the present work is to recover AT and CT data of A06 and A07 using GLODAP database combining with CARINA database and the most contemporary cruise MOC2Equatorial 2010. Thus, AT data of A06 and A07 will be renewed using directly these data in a particular application of Multiple Linear Regression: the 3-D moving window MLR estimation method. Moreover, CT data will be recalculated using the CTAT ratio together with the obtained results from the crossovers analysis method. In order to demonstrate the quality of the recovered AT and CT, the new pH has been calculated, showing the good agreement in terms of pH obtained between A06 and A07 related to MOC2. To sum up, the entire carbon databases of A06 and A07 were checked and recovered.
The Relation between Hollywood and the New Threat Perception of the USA after the End of the Cold War from the Perspective of Postmodernism
Authors: Deger Derya
Published: October 2011

After the end of Cold War, the USA became the only super power and there was no threat perception from outside, in other words no enemy anymore. In fact, throughout history the USA faced different threats, that is to say, enemies. The terrorist events experienced in America after the end of Cold War brought about that the new enemy was Middle Easterners. Accordingly, the place of cinema in postmodernism is very significant as it becomes the reflection of the zeitgeist and the mindset of the era in which the film is shot.
New Turkish Cinema – Some Remarks On The Homesickness Of The Turkish Soul
Authors: Kaim Agnieszka Ayşen
Published: October 2011

Contemporary cinematography reflects the dualism in modern Turkish society. The heart of every inhabitant of Anatolia is dominated by homesickness for his little homeland. This overpowering feeling affects common people migrating in search of work as well as intellectuals for whom Istanbul is a place for their artistic development but not the place of origin. The city and “the rest” have been considered in opposition to each other. The struggle between “the provincial” and “the urban” has even created its own film genre in Turkish cinematography described as “homeland movies”. They paint the portrait of a Turkish middle class intellectual on the horns of a dilemma, the search for a modern identity and a place to belong in a modern world where values are constantly shifting.
UFA Orientalism. The “Orient” in Early German Film: Lubitsch and May
Authors: Scherer Frank F.
Published: October 2011

Fantastic images of the exotic pervade many early German films which resort to constructions of “Oriental” scenes. Stereotypical representations of China, India, Babylon, and Egypt  dominate the Kino-screens of Weimar Germany. These films were produced in the UFA studios outside Berlin by directors such as Ernst Lubitsch (Sumurum/ One Arabian Night, 1920; Das Weib des Pharaos/The Love of Pharaoas 1922) and John May (Das Indische Grabmal/ The Indian Tomb, 1921). Yet, where recent observers resist the use of a postcolonial perspective it becomes difficult to assess the cinematographic exoticism of post-WWI Germany.This essay, therefore, offers both a discussion of Edward Said’s ‘Orientalism’and a psychoanalytical thesis on the concealment and supposed healing of post-1918 Germany’s national narcissistic wounds by  emphasizing Eurocentric difference in its filmic representations of the Orient.
Complications of 1309 Internal Jugular Vein Cannulations with the Anatomic Landmarks Technique in Infants and Children
Authors: Tu Shengfen , Wang Xiaoyi , Bai Lin , Wang Hong , Ye Mao , Shi Yuan , Wu Shengde , Liu Xing , Wei Guanghui
Published: October 2011

Purpose

Report the procedural complications of internal jugular vein (IJV) catheter insertion in infants and children and discuss how to prevent them.

Methods

An observational study was performed from January 2006 to August 2010; 1309 internal jugular vein cannulae were inserted in the operating room by either staff or resident anesthesiologists. Patient age, weight, sex, type of catheter (diameter, lumen number), number of attempts, and complications were recorded. The discussion is focused on how to prevent or reduce internal jugular vein line insertion related complications in infants and children.

Results

1309 IJV cannulae were inserted, 85.63% of catheters placed were successful after one to three attempts. Complications included 12 arrhythmias (0.91%), 25 arterial punctures (1.90%), 16 hematomas (1.22%), 17 device occlusions, breaks or malpositions (1.29%), 11 line-related infections (0.84%), four cases of thrombus (0.31%), two cardiopulmonary arrests (0.15%), two hemothoraces (0.15%), five pneumothoraces (0.38%), and one guidewire winding (0.07%). The complication rates of resident anesthesiologists were significantly higher compared to staff anesthesiologists for both common and rare complications (4.27% versus 2.21%; 0.68% versus 0.07%, respectively). In addition, residents' number of attempts were greater than staff anesthesiologists (1.84 and 1.38, respectively).

Conclusions

The IJV catheterization was feasible in infants and children. To reduce the risk of complications, the procedure should be performed or supervised by staff anesthesiologists; inserting the needle, guidewire, dilator, and the catheter too far should be avoided. It is now commonly accepted that all central venous cannulations should be performed under ultrasound guidance, especially in children.