bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre gorilas, compensaciones, cegueras y salarios: por qué el banco si puede disponer de mi cuenta de remuneraciones
Authors: Gómez Ramos Carlos Andrés
Published: September 2021

En el Perú, no existe un criterio claro y uniforme para resolver las controversias sobre cobros efectuados por parte de empresas del sistema financiero a las cuentas de remuneraciones de sus usuarios como medio de compensación por deudas. En los últimos diez años, distintas instancias del Indecopi y de la Corte Suprema de Justicia han emitido fallos contradictorios, evidenciando una falta de consenso sobre la legalidad o no de estos cobros.Frente a este panorama, el autor plantea retratar cómo la fijación de los juristas en ciertos aspectos de estas controversias les ha generado una ceguera por inatención que los conduce a tomar como punto de partida premisas erróneas. El autor busca rectificar dicha equivocación. Para ello, analiza qué es el deber de idoneidad, la diferencia entre el concepto de compensación y de débito automático y, finalmente, el real carácter disponible de la remuneración. De este modo, trae a la luz los elementos asociados a los cobros efectuados por las instituciones del sistema financiero sobre las cuentas de los usuarios que las instituciones antes mencionadas ignoran.
Global Governance V/S COVID-19 Pandemic: A Human Security Approach
Authors: Akl Alain
Published: September 2021

After the Cold War, global governance emerged as an umbrella to address transnational challenges. However, this concept is still somewhat ambiguous, and so is the contemporary world order, where a significant power shift has occurred from the nation-State to the "new actors". On the other hand, it is now over a year since a global threat emerged, affecting millions of people. The COVID-19 challenge revealed several flaws in the contemporary world order, the United Nations system, and the international organizations' role. Therefore, it is imperative that we ask ourselves about the nation-State’s ability to face the COVID-19 challenge on its own, as an introduction to raise the topic of facing future transnational challenges. In this setting, the objective of this study is to shed light on the aforementioned flaws, the contemporary challenges, and the way we tackle new threats as human beings. This article uses a qualitative methodological approach based on analysis of secondary data. Following deductive reasoning, it highlights the importance of global governance in facing contemporary challenges in general before addressing the COVID-19 issue in particular. Study findings show that states, international organizations, and unofficial actors need to update the traditional approach to transnational challenges towards global governance. In this context, international conferences are a necessary tool to tackle new challenges related to human security.
Ethics and Economics of Medical Supplies in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Hansong , Wu Yifei
Published: September 2021

Background: The distribution of healthcare resources across local and global communities has triggered alarms throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Injustice and inefficiency in the transfer of lifesaving medical supplies are magnified by the urgency of the public health crisis, ramified through pre-existing socioeconomic tensions, and further aggravated by frictions that plague international cooperation and global governance. Aim: This article explores the ethical and economic dimensions of medical supplies, from the microcosm of distributive algorithms to the macroscope of medical trade. Methods: It first analyses the performance, strategy, and social responsibility of ventilator-suppliers through a series of case studies. Then, the authors seek to redress the need-insensitivity of existing distributive models with a new price-based and need-conscious algorithm. Next, the paper empirically traces the exchange of medical supplies across borders, examines the effect of trade disputes on medical reliance and pandemic preparedness, and makes a game-theoretical case for sharing critical resources with foreign communities. Conclusion: The authors argue that the equitable allocation of medical supplies must consider the contexts and conditions of need; that political barriers to medical transfers undermine a government’s capacity to contain the contagion by reducing channels of access to medical goods; and that self-interested public policies often turn out to be counterproductive geopolitical strategies. In the post-pandemic world, the prospect of medical justice demands a balanced ethical and economic approach that cuts across the borders of nation-states and the bounds of the private sector and the public sphere.
Von den bedrohlichen zu den bedrohten Alpen – Aneignungsprozesse und Identifikationsfiguren alpiner Umweltschützer*innen in Tirol
Authors: Buck Maria
Published: September 2021

While in the early days of the European history of culture the Alps were seen as forbidding, since the 1970s environmental activists have used this description, turning it the other way round — now it is the Alps that are increasingly threatened by today’s environmental problems. Noise, air pollution, deforestation and problems relating to ozone depletion threaten the ecologically sensitive Alpine range. The problems affect not just the Alps, but owing to geographical and topographic conditions their consequences are particularly strong here. Thus the Alps constitute a reference framework as well as a point of origin for the thematisation of ecological problems. Defenders of the Alps were especially critical of the claims — or, more openly, designs — of the European Union in the area of transport, tourism and energy. The relations between the Alps and the European Union constituted a unique moment in the discussion of environmental activists. On the one hand they styled the Alps as a model ecological region in contrast to the economy-focused European Union, and on the other the European Union served as a common enemy, which turned the Alps into a political argument in declaring unity of this space. This unity was, according to the defenders of the Alps, important in the context of securing and forcing through the region’s internal needs. To sum up, the Alps were presented as a place where various, partly opposing, economic, ecological and political interest met, and a place appropriated, depending on the context, as a living, cultural and economic space, as Europe’s roof and water tower, or as a holiday idyll and sports arena. Given the collaboration of Alpine environmentalists crossing state borders south and north of the Brenner Pass, and within the extraordinarily politically and socially heterogenous resistance movement in North Tirol, a question arises: to what extent have the Alps generated unique forms of identification for these figures? The author of the article argues that for Alpine environmentalists the Alps are both a discursive and a physical space, used as an identity-building element and space of activity.
The Tatras of highland men or women? The gender of Podhale highlanders and appropriation of space
Authors: Pigoń Anna
Published: September 2021

Although it might seem that the indigenous inhabitants of the mountain, i.e. highlanders, have the greatest right to “appropriate” them, they cannot be treated as a monolith, as men and women function differently in that space. They are assigned various social roles: men — those associated with exploration, women — those to do mainly with the home and household. This determines the two group’s place in Podhale and outside it.The article is an analysis of literary portraits of highland men and women from works written in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The authors of the works are often people who became part of the highlander community, got to know it thoroughly and on the basis of their observations described the relations governing it — relations in which an important role was played by land.The analysis of literary portraits of representatives of the highlander community has been carried out primarily by means of cultural anthropology tools, but it also takes into account women’s studies. This has made it possible to define the links between the highlanders and space, and to answer the question formulated in the title: do the Tatras belong to highland men or women?
Ślęża Mountain as a metaphor for the Western Territories in 1945
Authors: Łyko Paulina
Published: September 2021

The basis of this work is a fragment of Zygmunt Dżuganowski’s diary ‘Wrocławska szansa’, regarding the post-war journey to Sobótka. In the article ‘Ślęża Mountain as a metaphor for the Western Territories in 1945’, the way of how memory works was analyzed by examining stages of the road surrounded by cultural, given meanings. The symbolic peregrination towards Ślęza and the Slavic beginnings of Polishness has a strictly legitimizing purpose.The exploration of space and the ancient traces of ancestors found in it are a poetic way of presenting evidence of the validity of settlement.
Z lotu ptaka. „Relief Praszwajcarii” Franza Ludwiga Pfyffera oraz inne modele terenu jako media naukowego zawłaszczania Alp w późnym XVIII wieku
Authors: Bürgi Andreas
Published: September 2021

Among the processes of “conquering, developing and appropriating mountains” is occupied by the emergence of mountain topography. In the eighteenth century raised relief, as a terrain model, played one of the most important roles in this process.
This was a period when more reliable topographic data began to be collected on the basis of measurements carried out across the Alps. Possibilities of their cartographic representation were limited at the time. A graphic method for presenting orthogonal projection by means of contour curves was not invented until the nineteenth century. Before that three-dimensional terrain models were the only way to correctly represent various levels of landscape. Terrain models were accepted at the time as the best method for presenting mountain landscapes.
The first attempt to carry out a comprehensive measurement of the Alps over a vast area of a continuous mountain range and represent it on a low relief was made in 1786 and concerned an area in central Switzerland around Lake Lucerne. At that time Franz Ludwig Pfyffer von Wyher, an officer in French service, became famous for advanced surveying techniques and terrain models, both civilian and military. His famous relief depicts around one-tenth of today’s Switzerland, with two-thirds of the area encompassing the Alps and foot of the Alps. From that moment on other authors began to create their models of Alpine landscape. These reliefs were appreciated by contemporary naturalists, especially those studying the Alps, because they enabled them to view the complex topography of the range, which had been impossible before. They drew attention to a number of natural and geological phenomena, and made it possible to come up with new findings relating to the following questions: At what altitude should the snow line be placed? Where is the boundary of vegetation? Where do coniferous forests begin? Where is the line of glaciers? What is the structure of the mountains? Obviously, they were not sufficient to provide all answers to the above questions, but thanks to a “bird’s eye” perspective they made it possible to place special studies of the various disciplines within a broader context, both with regard to the relevant subject matter and between disciplines.
The concept of a maintenance-free drive-thru inspection station for commercial vehicles
Authors: Brzeżański Marek , Mareczek Michał , Noga Marcin
Published: September 2021

The article presents the concept of a maintenance-free inspection station intended for conducting drive-thru tests of commercial vehicles. The main purpose of building this type of diagnostic line is to carry out non-invasive, preliminary tests of heavy-duty vehicles entering the vehicle service area in terms of parameters affecting the safety of their operation in relation to the applicable standards. The main parameter to be assessed will be the concentration of toxic exhaust components, measured using remote sensing methods. In addition, the proposed diagnostic line can be supplemented with additional remote measurement systems, such as, for example, systems for assessing the condition of vehicle lighting, loads on individual axles and individual wheels of the vehicle, tire pressure, thermal load of the brake system, as well as a system for detecting leaks of fluids from the vehicle. Based on the carried out work, it has been shown that using the current specialist knowledge and the components of measurement systems available on the market, it is possible to develop an innovative diagnostic line using remote measurement methods.
Application of automotive safety design methodologies to the development of Euro 7 emission control systems including on board monitoring.
Authors: Kmieć Mateusz , Weber Matthias , Romijn Marcel , Matews Dave
Published: September 2021

Euro 7 and California HD-OBD present a shift of approach in emissions control. Legislative bodies concentrate on individual vehicle conformity to standards during its lifetime on top of type approval processes in test environment. The main change is NOx trackers in software and sensors in the exhaust pipes of all vehicles. As a consequence of constant supervision not only single point faults are taken into account in the analysis, but also cumulative parameter drift of components due to aging. To achieve normative requirements and prevent emission standards violation during exploitation, methodologies known from automotive functional safety domain and SOTIF are used to evaluate and modify a propulsion system design. An illustrative example of analysis is presented in the paper.
Examples of the use of the embedded systems for the long-term collection of slowly-changing parameters in the traction of a car
Authors: Wołczyński Zbigniew Piotr
Published: September 2021

The article presents how embedded systems can be used to collect data in the long-term traction of a car. It is assumed that the long period is the time of a travelled distance, e.g. a few thousands of kilometers, or a time, e.g. a month. Such data can be used to optimize the control systems and to diagnose unusual faults in mechatronic systems. The research paper presents how, with the use of very cheap devices, it is possible to collect data that quite often could not be collected even with the use of very expensive measuring devices. The possibility of simple analysis of signals in real time was also noted.
Cidades históricas na contemporaneidade o estudo de caso de Tiradentes-MG
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Castro Deborah , Sayegh Liliane ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Canuto Cristiane ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Gonçalves Denise ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Published: September 2021

As cidades rotuladas como “históricas” carregam o estigma de um relevante desenvolvimento - político, econômico ou sociocultural - durante determinado período da história da humanidade. Freqüentemente a historiografia limitou-se a abordá-las baseando-se em características de determinados modelos ou “estilos”, a partir de recortes temporais, criando a ilusão de que é possível congelar o tempo e desse modo desconsiderando que a cidade, assim como qualquer outro objeto social, não pára, constituindo uma estrutura complexa que angaria, absorve e exporta políticas de desenvolvimento e culturas diferentes no tempo e no espaço.
Lygia Pape e Hélio Oiticica: possíveis conexões poéticas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Silva Fernanda Pequeno da
Published: September 2021

Tanto Hélio Oiticica, quanto Lygia Pape são artistas de grande significância para a modernidade estética brasileira. Atuantes desde os anos 50, no meio artístico do Rio de Janeiro, Oiticica e Pape apresentam poéticas coerentemente eficazes. Companheiros desde o início com uma arte geométrica, os artistas, mais tarde, foram cúmplices numa arte ambiental e performática, muito preocupada com a vivência do espectador.
A recepção do meio artístico carioca à exposição de Henrique Bernardelli de 1886: a apreciação da imprensa
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Dazzi Camila
Published: September 2021

São com as seguintes palavras que o crítico da arte oitocentista Oscar Guanabarino situa a Exposição de Henrique Bernardelli, no cenário artístico carioca da década de 1880: (...) Esta exposição não é pequena - é enorme – é a maior que temos visto no Rio de Janeiro. Uma phrase da sinphonia de Beethoven vale mais do que mil operas reunidas, dos séculos escoados. Uma tela de Bernardelli vale mais do que as grandes exposições da Academia de Bellas Artes (...) Contemplamos essas maravilhas de arte e gritemos com toda a força de nossos pulmões: Bernardelli é um mestre – no Rio de Janeiro ninguém –ninguém pinta como elle.
Visitas à luz de tochas: guiando o olhar através dos museus de escultura antiga no final do século XVIII e início do XIX
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Mattos Claudia Valladão de
Published: September 2021

Nas últimas décadas do século XVIII surge uma nova prática ligada ao processo de recepção de obras escultóricas que se desenvolveu em estreita relação com o aparecimento dos primeiros museus públicos na Europa, vale dizer, a prática da observação noturna de estátuas à luz de tochas (Fig.1). A partir dos anos de 1780, encontramos inúmeros relatos sobre tais visitas aos dois principais museus de antigüidades de Roma nos diários de “Grand Turistas” de passagem pela cidade1. Em 1787, por exemplo, Goethe descreveria em seu diário uma tal visita ao Museo Capitolino, realizada em companhia do amigo Heinrich Meyer2, e outros relatos equivalentes de Moritz, Herder, Archenholz, Stendahl, Madame de Staël, entre muitos outros, também podem ser encontrados3. Porém, essa prática que gozou de grande popularidade durante algumas décadas, cairia rapidamente em desuso logo após meados do século XIX, o que sugere que ela pode ter exercido uma função bastante específica nesse período, função essa ainda não devidamente investigada pela literatura dedicada ao tema.
“Os bandeirantes”, de Henrique Bernardelli
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Christo Maraliz de Castro Vieira
Published: September 2021

Ao longo de sua vida, Henrique Bernardelli (1857-1936) retomou por vários momentos o tema dos bandeirantes. Enfocando-o, na maioria das vezes, sob a mesma perspectiva: longe da virilidade heróica de Apolo ou Hércules, freqüentemente envelhecido e enfermo, caminhando com o olhar preso ao horizonte, submetido às vicissitudes da natureza.
Re-inserções em circuitos alegóricos: a fotografia na obra de Cildo Meireles
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Andrade Marco Antonio Pasqualini de
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem por fim estudar o artista Cildo Meireles do ponto de vista do uso da imagem fotográfica em sua obra.
Da ideologia à arquitetura, um projeto além-mar: o neomanuelino no Brasil
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Mattos Maria de Fátima da Silva Costa Garcia de
Published: September 2021

Na segunda metade do século XIX, quase todos os países da Europa aderiram ao espírito das comemorações, exaltando o pertencimento a um mundo que estava em exibição.
Inovações acadêmicas: o curso de arquitetura da Escola Nacional de Belas Artes como catalisador de modernizações
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Uzeda Helena Cunha de
Published: September 2021

Em 1671, no discurso inaugural como diretor da recém-criada Academie Royale d'Architecture2, Nicolas-François Blondel, general de campo e engenheiro militar, declarava que o objetivo da instituição francesa consistiria em “[...] que as mais exatas e corretas regras de arquitetura fossem publicamente ensinadas” para que fossem dadas aos jovens arquitetos “[...] mais coragem e mais paixão por essa arte.”
O desenho na escultura de Umberto Boccioni
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Bortulucce Vanessa Beatriz
Published: September 2021

Buscaremos, nesta comunicação, apresentar uma análise das esculturas futuristas de Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916) a partir de um estudo da trajetória estética de seus desenhos, identificando as diversas influências sofridas pelo artista. Apresentaremos alguns exemplos do desenho e da obra gráfica do artista, reconhecendo as influências que nortearam seus estudos sobre a concepção da forma plástica, permitindo uma compreensão mais apurada da poética de Boccioni.
Lina Bo Bardi
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Aguilar Nelson
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no II Encontro de História da Arte.
Mechanical strength variation of zeolite-fly ash geopolymer mortars with different activator concentrations
Authors: Liban Roble İbrahim , Keskin Ülkü Sultan , Öztürk Oğuzhan
Published: September 2021

Zeolite is of a significance for geopolymers as it is a natural precursor and does not require additional heat treatment for activation. However, aluminosilicates sourced from natural sources require additional handling for the best use of exploitation. In this study, geopolymers were synthesized by binary use of zeolite and fly ash as main binding material and sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as alkaline activator. The influence of alkaline activator ratios and sodium hydroxide concentrations on the compressive strength and flexural strength of the zeolite-fly ash based geopolymers were studied. In this research, zeolite-fly ash based geopolymer mortars were produced by using 50% of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and 50% of C-type fly ash. Four different activator ratios (Na2SiO3/NaOH: 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5) and two sodium hydroxide molarities (10M and 12M) was utilized to activate zeolite and fly ash in order to determine the effect of these parameters on the mechanical strengths of the produced geopolymer mortars. The results indicated that as the alkaline activator ratio and NH molarity were increased the compressive strength of the zeolite-fly ash based geopolymers also increased. The maximum compressive and flexural strength values obtained after 28 days of curing were 20.1 MPa and 5.3 MPa respectively and corresponds when used activator ratio of 2.5 and sodium hydroxide concentration of 12 molarity. The obtained results indicated that both the alkaline activator ratio and sodium hydroxide concentration affected the compressive and flexural strengths of zeolite-fly ash based geopolymer mortar specimens.
FLASH Radiotherapy: a Promising Direction in the Fight Against Cancer
Authors: Каrtashev А. V. , Bochkareva Т. N. , Anokhina А. S.
Published: September 2021

At the present stage of scientific and technological progress, high-dose radiotherapy has become a common way to combat severe cancers. However, this treatment option is limited by normal tissues radiosensitivity. The developed technology of ultrashort pulse delivery of a dose of ionizing radiation to the zone of interest (FLASH radiotherapy) can achieve a high local control over tumor growth while sparing healthy tissues. This review summarizes the experimental findings supporting the possibility of transitioning to clinical studies of FLASH radiotherapy.
Topical Issues of Rational Use of Iodine-Containing Contrast Agents in X-Ray Diagnostics
Authors: Shimanovskiy N. L.
Published: September 2021

The possibilities of rational use of iodine radiopaque agents in computed tomography and percutaneous coronary interventions are considered, taking into account the route, method of their administration and the viscosity of their solutions. When fixing the rate of iodine administration and the temperature of the injected solution, the required injection pressure of the contrast media is determined by the solution viscosity.
Nursing Interventions for Patient Empowerment During Intensive Care Unit Discharge: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cuzco Cecilia , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Torralba Yolanda , Manzanares Isabel , Muñoz-Rey Pilar , Romero-García Marta , Martínez-Momblan Ma. Antonia , Martínez-Estalella Gemma , Delgado-Hito Pilar , Castro Pedro
Published: September 2021

Intensive care unit discharge is an important transition which impacts on patient wellbeing. Nurses can play an essential role in this scenario, potentiating patient empowerment. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were evaluated in May 2021. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Quality of the studies included was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Of the 273 articles initially identified, eight randomized controlled trials reported nursing interventions mainly focused on patients’ ICU discharge preparation through information and education. The creation of ICU Nurse-Led and nurses’ involvement in critical care multidisciplinary teams also aimed to support patients during ICU discharge. This systematic review provides an update on clinical practice aimed at improving the patient experience during ICU discharge. The main nursing interventions were based on information and education, as well as the development of new nursing roles. Understanding transitional needs and patient empowerment are key to making the transition easier.
Perforated Steel Stud to Improve the Acoustic Insulation of Drywall Partitions
Authors: Arjunan Arun , Baroutaji Ahmad , Robinson John
Published: September 2021

Steels studs are an inevitable part of drywall construction as they are lightweight and offer the required structural stability. However, the studs act as sound bridges between the plasterboards reducing the overall sound insulation of the wall. Overcoming this often calls for wider cavity walls and complex stud decoupling fixtures that increase the installation cost while reducing the floor area. As an alternative approach, this research reveals the potential of perforated studs to improve the acoustic insulation of drywall partitions. The acoustic and structural performance is characterized using a validated finite element model that acted as a prediction tool in reducing the number of physical tests required. The results established that an acoustic numerical model featuring fluid-structure-interaction can predict the weighted sound reduction index of a stud wall assembly at an accuracy of ±1 dB. The model was used to analyze six perforated stud designs and found to outperform the sound insulation of non-perforated drywall partitions by reducing the sound bridging. Overall, the best performing perforated stud design was found to offer improvements in acoustic insulation of up to 4 dB, while being structurally compliant.
The Expansion Theorems for Sturm-Liouville Operators with an Involution Perturbation
Authors: Sarsenbi Abdizhahan
Published: September 2021

In this work, we studied the Green’s functions of the second order differential operators with involution. Uniform equiconvergence of spectral expansions related to the second-order differential operators with involution is obtained. Basicity of eigenfunctions of the second-order differential operator operator with complex-valued coefficient is established.
Folic Acid Exerts Dose-Dependent Biphasic Effects on Cardiac Development of Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Han Xuhui , Wang Bingqi , Wang Hongjie , Zu Yao
Published: September 2021

Folic acid, one of the 13 essential vitamins, plays an important role in cardiovascular development. Mutations in folic acid synthesis gene 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cardiac development by mthfr gene are poorly understood. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to excessive folate or folate metabolism inhibitors. And we established a knock-out mutant of mthfr gene in zebrafish by using CRISPR/Cas9. The zebrafish embryos of insufficient or excessive folic acid, and mthfr-/- mutant all gave rise to early pericardial edema and cardiac defect at 3 days after fertilization(dpf). Furthermore, the folic acid treated embryos showed abnormal movement at 5dpf. The expression levels of cardiac marker genes hand2, gata4 and nppa changed in the abnormality of folate metabolism embryos and mthfr-/- mutant, and there is evidence that they are related to the change of methylation level caused by the change of folate metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides a novel model for the in-depth study of MTHFR gene and folate metabolism. And our results reveal that folic acid has a dose-dependent biphasic effect on early cardiac development.
Rate of Scoliosis Correction After Anterior Spinal Growth Tethering for Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Saito Wataru , Yaszay Burt , Bartley Carrie E. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Newton Peter O.
Published: September 2021

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate associations between changes in segmental vertebral coronal angulation (screw angulation) and overall height after anterior spinal growth tethering for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis and to compare the rates of coronal angulation change using the preoperative Sanders stage.

Methods:

Patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent anterior spinal growth tethering between 2012 and 2016 and had ≥2 years of follow-up were retrospectively studied. We calculated each segment’s screw angulation rate of change (degrees/month) and each patient’s height velocity (cm/month) between each of the visits (3 to 12 visits/patient) and divided the visits into 4 groups by postoperative duration (<1 year, 1 to 2 years, >2 to 3 years, >3 years). Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the preoperative Sanders stage. Generalized estimating equations and repeated-measures correlation were utilized for analyses with non-independent samples.

Results:

We analyzed 23 patients (16 female, 7 male) with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 12.2 ± 1.6 years who had right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (mean, 53° ± 8°). All patients were immature at the time of surgery (Risser stage 0 or 1, Sanders stage 2 or 3). The mean duration of follow-up was 3.4 ± 1.1 years (range, 2 to 5 years). The rate of change for each segment’s screw angulation after anterior spinal growth tethering was −0.16°, −0.14°, −0.05°, and 0.03° per month (with negative values indicating a reduction in scoliosis) for <1 year, 1 to 2 years, >2 to 3 years, and >3 years, respectively (p ≤ 0.001), and the mean height velocity was 0.65, 0.57, 0.30, and 0.19 cm per month for <1 year, 1 to 2 years, >2 to 3 years, and >3 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Changes in screw angulation correlated with height increases after anterior spinal growth tethering (r = −0.46, p < 0.001). Scoliosis correction for patients in the Sanders stage-2 group continued for 3 years (0.23°, 0.23°, and 0.09° per level per month for the first 3 years, respectively) and occurred at more than twice the rate for patients in the Sanders stage-3 group, for whom scoliosis correction ceased 2 years postoperatively (0.11° and 0.09° per level per month for the first 2 years, respectively).

Conclusions:

Scoliosis correction was associated with overall height changes and occurred primarily within 2 to 3 years after surgery in this cohort of largely Risser stage-0 patients. The correction rate was 2.8° per segment per year for the first 2 years in the Sanders stage-2 group, compared with 1.2° per segment per year for the Sanders stage-3 group. Surgical timing that considers the patient’s skeletal maturity is an important factor in generating proper postoperative correction after anterior spinal growth tethering.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Kajian Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Agung dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pada Perusahaan Leasing Dengan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen
Authors: Azizah Agustine
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study for reviewed the dispute resolution between the finance company and the consumer decided by BPSK in the case of Supreme Court Decision Number 210 K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2015 and examine the consideration of the Supreme Court Judge stating that BPSK is not authorized to decide case in between consumer financing companies.This research is normative descriptive who use secondary data and collecting data use literature study. Data analysis use interactive model.The result of the research indicates that the Supreme Court Decision Number 210 K/Pdt.Sus- BPSK/2015 in the case of special dispute on consumer dispute between First Indo American Leasing Branch Bandung ("First Indo Finance") with BPSK Bandung and Neva Rahmansyah, SE stated that The Supreme Court rejected the appeal from the First Appeal Applicant of PT First Indo American Leasing Bandung ("First Indo Finance") and amended the decision of Bandung District Court Number 461/Pdt.G/2014/PN Bdg. dated December 24, 2014 so that it is clear that the Supreme Court accepted the exception of the petitioners and stated that BPSK is not authorized to examine and adjudicate the case and to punish the Cassation Applicant Applicant to pay the court fee in the appeal level stipulated at Rp 500,000 (five hundred thousand rupiahs). Consideration of the Supreme Court Judge stating that BPSK is not authorized to  decide the case in the case between the finance company and the consumer because the legal relationship between the Plaintiff and the Defendant constitutes a joint financing agreement with the fiduciary transfer of property, which implements civil law relationships and does not include consumer disputes as provided in the Act Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection so that the dispute arising from the implementation of the consumer financing agreement is a dispute agreement which is the authority of the District Court.
Upaya Penanganan Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Pitriya Nur Habibah dan Devi Siti Hamzah Marpaung
Authors: Habibah Pitriya Nur , Hamzah Devi Siti
Published: September 2021

The Financial Services Authority (OJK) is an independent institution that is free from interference from other parties or institutions. This institution has the functions, duties, and authorities of regulation, supervision, examination, and investigation. OJK was established under Law No. 21 of 2011 with the function of implementing an integrated regulatory and supervisory system for the entire financial services sector. The establishment of OJK with the need to restructure the institutions that carry out regulatory and supervisory functions in the financial services sector. The supervisory system carried out by the OJK is an integrated supervision system, meaning that all financial service activities carried out by various financial institutions are subject to the OJK regulatory and supervisory system. Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions (LAPS) in the Financial Services Sector number 1/POJK.07/2014 which regulates Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions in the Financial Services Sector. Dispute resolution must be carried out at the LJK in the OJK Regulation concerning Consumer Protection in the Financial Services Sector, which stipulates that each LJK must have a work unit and/or function as well as a service mechanism and settlement of complaints for consumers. If the dispute resolution at the LJK does not reach an agreement, the consumer can settle the dispute out of court or through the court. Out of court dispute resolution is carried out through the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution (LAPS).
Innovative Techniques for Optimization of Far-Field Diverter Materials to Enhance Fracture Geometry in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shah Maunish , Koster Nicholas A. , Clark Connor , Shah Subhash N.
Published: September 2021

The technique of employing specialized particulates for far-field diversion is well-established during hydraulic fracturing treatments in unconventional formations and is being investigated for use in conventional formations. Far-field diverters (FFD) divert fluid away from the wellbore far into the formation. The injection of FFD at the beginning of the treatment provides an additional stress barrier between the producing interval and adjacent layers by depositing at the layer boundaries where higher leak-off is encountered. The ensuing restriction in height growth maximizes fracture extension within the producing zone, optimizing geometry for increased hydrocarbon production while limiting excess water. Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer is self-degradable, compatible with reservoir fluids, and has a variety of compositions for different temperature applications. Blending proppant with PLA has been seen to significantly improve the strength of the deposited far-field diverter. Therefore, PLA powder and silica proppant are blended to develop Generation-1 far-field diverter (FFD-Gen1). However, many silica proppants have greater density than PLA, leading to separation during transport which prevents these two components from depositing evenly at the upper fracture boundary. This results in a situation in which excessive downward growth is prevented while upward growth is left unchecked. For this reason, both components need to be simultaneously deposited in order to develop an effective seal. Generation-2 far-field diverter (FFD-Gen2) is developed by replacing silica proppant of FFD-Gen1 with a deformable proppant having a density nearly equal to the polymer, which enables uniform deposition on all adjacent formation boundaries where leakoff is encountered. The deformable characteristic improves the pressure withstanding capacity of the diverter pack.

The deposition and degradation behaviors are investigated in the laboratory by performing HTHP filter press and plug stability experiments. Experimental findings suggest that the primary selection criteria for acceptable performance are the material's mechanical properties. This methodology is used to select the appropriate FFD materials to optimize fracture geometry in carbonate reservoirs. Successful applications prevent excessive water production and substantially increase hydrocarbon production as illustrated in a three well case studies.
Enhancing Matrix Acid Stimulation Using Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Khaldi Mohammed H. , Caliskan Sinan , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed N.
Published: September 2021

The present paper is concerned with improving matrix acidizing in carbonate formation. For this purpose, ultrasonic waves were added to conventional matrix acid stimulation to increase the acid reach inside the rock. This concept is based on a phonophoresis effect of the acid, applying a similar concept in pushing the stimulation acid deeper in the formation during matrix acidizing. This effect will have a great benefit in reaching larger stimulated areas and increasing the overall well productivity. Extensive laboratory experiments have shown that the rate of penetration of the acid when exposed simultaneously to ultrasonic wave irradiation reached almost 90% more than the acid only. This phenomena has been investigated through the use of CT scan analysis on the core samples. The penetration was instantaneous and rapid in reaching deeper length of the plug sample.
Learnings from Building a Vendor Agnostic Automated Directional Drilling System
Authors: Thomas Philip Titto , Ziatdinov Sergey
Published: September 2021

The post COVID-19 era will undoubtedly present paradigm shifts in operational planning and execution and advanced automation will become an important factor. However, drilling automation without directional drilling (Cayeux 2020) capability will exclude the use of automation in a vast number of fields where precise placement of the wellbore has shifted from a luxury to a necessity. This is important in unconventional plays where automation can make a step change in operational outcomes (Chmela 2020). However, most efforts in automating directional drilling are using bespoke rigs (Slagmulder 2016) and bespoke bottom hole assembly (BHA) that limit operational options. The goal is in designing systems that enable directional drilling automation (Chatar 2018) with existing BHAs.

This paper will look at three challenges that were identified and overcome to deploy a vendor agnostic system for automating the directional drilling (DD) process. The three challenges identified here are as follows:Using any mud motor including low-cost motors in a closed loopIntegration with an existing measurement and logging while drilling (MLWD) systemAbility to roll out automation systems on any operations with existing rigs

The system is a modification of an operator’s autonomous drilling system (Rassenfoss 2011), designed to use existing rigs, BHAs and have minimum footprint on the rigs for operational use. The system will have a dedicated connection to the rig’s programmable logic controller (PLC) via common industrial protocols including Modbus, EthernetIP or Profinet, a physical connection the MLWD receiver and a brain box with a cloud connection to aggregate, process data and send commands to the rig PLC to execute directional commands.

A vendor agnostic system will increase adoption of automated technologies and further drive improvements in operational and business performance.
Greenstick Well Engineering: Sustainability Index for Asset Value Chain Management
Authors: Samuel Robello , Adari Rishi , Srinivasan Nagaraj
Published: September 2021

Environmental impacts due to exploration to the abandonment of oil and gas wells are a major focus when the wells are planned and drilled. However, there is no industry standard to quantify the impact due to complex indicators and associated variables. So, it is necessary to have an assessment framework and a methodology with the help of the digital transformation that provides an integrative index. This index allows a baseline to estimate the benchmarking for the well engineering not only during planning but also in real-time as the well is drilled and produced.

This paper presents and validates a new model for the sustainability index for well design and engineering in the life cycle of the well. This proposed method avoids some of the vagueness of well’s sustainability and can be used and applied practically. It is based on various metrics and weightage assigned when a well is planned, designed, and engineered. Evaluating the index for well engineering is based on the following elements: environmental impact, well design and engineering, functionality and optimization impact, impact of well and maintenance costs, health and safety impact, societal impact. Each element contains sub-elements. This process involves individual indexing through backpropagation of neural networks combined with bat algorithm to obtain the final overall index.
Progressing Cavity Pump Stainless Steel Impact in High Corrosive Environments Maximizing Economic Benefits in West Africa - Gabon
Authors: Yucel Ozhan , Levy Brenda , Ariza Gonzalez Gustavo Andres , Pilgrim Wayne , Soltys Tim Wayne
Published: September 2021

The combination of well conditions such as high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2, an average of 15%), 85% water cuts (WC), sand production, and heavy viscous oil is one of the biggest challenges for any artificial lift system (ALS). Progressing cavity pumping (PCP) is the preferred method for sand and heavy oil production; however, CO2 presence in the form of carbonic acid, generates corrosion and pitting on the carbon-steel section of the Progressing Cavity stators. This condition results in short run life for PC pumps with standard materials historically installed. Taking advantage of the corrosion strength properties that Stainless Steel (SS) material has, a new SS PC pumps were manufactured to be installed in highly corrosive application and then determine the increase on run life for those wells previously affected by corrosion. This paper describes a section of the results from the flow assurance improvement plan obtained by the installation of PC pumps with SS technology in terms of workover (WO) intervention savings and extended run life in nine wells operating in Gabon, West Africa.

This paper describes the methodology applied in the selection of the PCP models to be manufactured with Stainless Steel technology considering the dimensional restrictions the PCP would have due the casing size of the well completions where the PC pump would be installed, as well as the pump design requirements related to the expected flow rate in the wells historically affected by corrosion. In addition, the paper shows the screening done on the well candidates for the installation of SS PCP, based on historical well intervention data specifically associated to corrosion.

Since the installation of the SS PCP technology, the client has performed several acid stimulations that have required pulling the PC pumps out of hole and re-running them multiple times. Throughout these operations, the PCPs have had no failures requiring intervention. The installation of SS technology has improved well run life across all nine candidates by 584% on average. The SS PCP technology continue to run in all nine wells with no corrosion-associated interventions. For an average of 326 days across all nine wells, there have been no WOs performed on the PCPs. The reduction in WOs has helped to avoid production losses, downtime, and associated costs. SS PCP has shown great results extending PC pump run life over 6 times compared to previous applications and has proven to be a good option for larger flow rates in 5.5 in casing completions.