bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of trauma‐focused psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder on interpersonal functioning: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Swerdlow Benjamin A. , Baker Shelby N. , Leifker Feea R. , Straud Casey L. , Rozek David C. , Sippel Lauren M.
Published: January 2023

Interpersonal functioning is a common concern for people with postttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but is not a key target of most trauma‐focused psychotherapies (TFPs). We preregistered and undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of TFPs for improving interpersonal functioning. Studies were identified through the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository, scholarly databases, and the solicitation of unpublished data from the PTSD research community following current PRISMA guidelines. We used random effects meta‐analysis to estimate within‐group change (i.e., pre‐ to posttreatment) in interpersonal functioning. Meta‐analytic findings yielded a medium total effect of TFP on interpersonal functioning, g = 0.54, 95% CI [0.37, 0.72], with high between‐study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses yielded substantively equivalent point estimates when outliers were excluded, g = 0.55, and when only the most well‐established individual TFPs were included, g = 0.57. In contrast, allocation to a control condition was associated with little average change in interpersonal functioning, g = 0.04 [‐0.12, 0.21]. Formal tests did not yield clear evidence of publication bias. Bias‐corrected estimates varied but centered around a medium effect, gs = 0.41–1.11. There was a medium‐to‐large association between change in interpersonal functioning and change in PTSD symptoms, rs = ‐.35–‐.44. The extant literature on TFPs and interpersonal functioning is small and heterogeneous, indicating the need for more focused attention on this outcome. Results suggest that, on average, TFPs are moderately efficacious for improving interpersonal functioning; however, additional treatment may be needed to meet the desired level of improvement
Amphiphilic Poly(vinyl alcohol) Membranes Leaving Out Chemical Cross‐Linkers: Design, Synthesis, and Function of Tailor‐Made Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐b‐poly(styrene) Copolymers
Authors: Angelini Alessandro , Car Anja , Dinu Ionel Adrian , Leva Luigi , Yave Wilfredo
Published: January 2023

Tailor‐made poly(vinyl alcohol)‐b‐poly(styrene) copolymers (PVA‐b‐PS) for separation membranes are synthesized by the combination of reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization techniques. The special features of these di‐block copolymers are the high molecular weight (>70 kDa), the high PVA content (>80 wt%), and the good film‐forming property. They are soluble only in hot dimethyl sulfoxide, but by the “solvent‐switch” technique, they self‐assemble in aqueous media to form micelles. When the self‐assembled micelles are cast on a porous substrate, thin‐film membranes with higher water permeance than that of PVA homopolymer are obtained. Thus, by using these tailor‐made PVA‐b‐PS copolymers, it is demonstrated that chemical cross‐linkers and acid catalysts can no longer be needed to produce PVA membranes, since the PS nanodomains within the PVA matrix act as cross‐linking points. Lastly, subsequent thermal annealing of the thin film enhances the membrane selectivity due to the improved microphase separation.
The Evolution of a Unionized Workforce
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: January 2023

A union campaign and election, given the frenzy of activity in a compressed timeline, can sometimes seem more revolutionary than evolutionary. Unprepared employers are frequently overwhelmed by complicated legal rules, immediate involvement in government agency oversight, and a seemingly imminent sea change to the relationship with their workers. In truth, the emergence of a unionized workforce is anything but revolutionary. It is evolutionary in the most complete sense of the word.
Thyroid Disorders and Movement Disorders—A Systematic Review
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Tschaidse Lea , Reisch Nicole
Published: January 2023

Background

There is overlap between movement disorders and neuroendocrine abnormalities.

Objectives and methods

To provide a systematic review on the association of thyroid dysfunction and movement disorders. Thyroid physiological function and classical thyroid disorders highlighting typical and atypical manifestations including movement disorders, as well as diagnostic procedures, and treatments are discussed.

Results

Hypothyroidism may be associated with hypokinetic and hyperkinetic disorders. There is debate whether their concomitance reflects a causal link, is coincidence, or the result of one unmasking the other. Hypothyroidism‐associated parkinsonism may resemble idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Hypothyroidism‐associated hyperkinetic disorders mainly occur in the context of steroid‐responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis, that is, Hashimoto disease, mostly manifesting with tremor, myoclonus, and ataxia present in 28–80%, 42–65% and 33–65% in larger series. Congenital hypothyroidism manifesting with movement disorders, mostly chorea and dystonia, due to Mendelian genetic disease are rare.

Hyperthyroidism on the other hand mostly manifests with hyperkinetic movement disorders, typically tremor (present in three quarters of patients). Chorea (present in about 2% of hyperthyroid patients), dystonia, myoclonus, ataxia and paroxysmal movement disorders, as well as parkinsonism have also been reported, with correlation between movement intensity and thyroid hormone levels.

On a group level, studies on the role of thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for the development of PD remain non‐conclusive.

Conclusions

In view of the treatability of movement disorders associated with thyroid disease, accurate diagnosis is important. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood. More detailed case documentation and systematic studies, along with experimental studies are needed.
Change in medial frontal cerebral metabolite concentrations following bariatric surgery
Authors: Bottari Sarah A. , Cohen Ronald A. , Friedman Jeffrey , Porges Eric C. , Chen Alexa , Britton Mark K. , Gunstad John , Woods Adam J. , Williamson John B.
Published: January 2023

Obesity is associated with adverse effects on brain health, including an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Changes in cerebral metabolism may underlie or precede structural and functional brain changes. While bariatric surgery is known to be effective in inducing weight loss and improving obesity‐related medical comorbidities, few studies have examined whether it may be able to improve brain metabolism. In the present study, we examined changes in cerebral metabolite concentrations in participants with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery. Thirty‐five patients with obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2) were recruited from a bariatric surgery candidate nutrition class. They completed single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline (presurgery) and within 1 year postsurgery. Spectra were obtained from a large medial frontal brain region using a PRESS sequence on a 3‐T Siemens Verio scanner. The acquisition parameters were TR = 3000 ms and TE = 37 ms. Tissue‐corrected metabolite concentrations were determined using Osprey. Paired t‐tests were used to examine within‐subject change in metabolite concentrations, and correlations were used to relate these changes to other health‐related outcomes, including weight loss and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a measure of blood sugar levels. Bariatric surgery was associated with a reduction in cerebral choline‐containing compounds (Cho; t [34] = − 3.79, p < 0.001, d = −0.64) and myo‐inositol (mI; t [34] = − 2.81, p < 0.01, d = −0.47) concentrations. There were no significant changes in N‐acetyl‐aspartate, creatine, or glutamate and glutamine concentrations. Reductions in Cho were associated with greater weight loss (r = 0.40, p < 0.05), and reductions in mI were associated with greater reductions in HbA1c (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). In conclusion, participants who underwent bariatric surgery exhibited reductions in cerebral Cho and mI concentrations, which were associated with improvements in weight loss and glycemic control. Given that elevated levels of Cho and mI have been implicated in neuroinflammation, reduction in these metabolites after bariatric surgery may reflect amelioration of obesity‐related neuroinflammatory processes. As such, our results provide evidence that bariatric surgery may improve brain health and metabolism in individuals with obesity.
Neighborhood deprivation and residential property values do not affect weight loss at 1 or 3 years after bariatric surgery
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Hong Benjamin D. , Shen Ernest , Ji Ming , Paz Silvia R. , Bhakta Bhumi B. , Macias Mayra , Crawford Cecelia L. , Lewis Kristina H. , Liu Jialuo , Moore Darren D. , Murali Sameer B. , Young Deborah R. , Coleman Karen J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study examined the association between individual‐ and neighborhood‐level sociodemographic factors and surgical weight loss at 1 year (short term) and 3 years (long term).

Methods

Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the BELONG (Bariatric Experience Long Term) prospective longitudinal cohort study. Individual‐level self‐reported data on sex, race and ethnicity, education, and household income were obtained by survey. Data from the 2010 US Census were used to calculate area Neighborhood Deprivation Index score and median value of owner‐occupied housing units at the census tract level.

Results

Patients (N = 1341) had a mean age of 43.4 (SD 11.3) years, were mostly female (86%), were mostly Black or Hispanic (52%), had some college education (83%), and had annual household incomes ≥$51,000 (55%). Percentage total weight loss was 25.8% (SD 9.0%) at year 1 and 22.2% (SD 10.5%) at year 3. Race and ethnicity and age were significant predictors of weight loss at 1 and 3 years with a small effect of self‐reported household income at year 1. There were no significant associations between census tract–level Neighborhood Deprivation Index score or value of owner‐occupied housing units and weight loss at either time point.

Conclusions

Health systems could improve the chances of weight‐loss maintenance after surgery by addressing factors related to racial and ethnic disparities and to income disparities.
Soil bacterial communities are influenced by soil chemical characteristics and dispersal limitation in commercial strawberry production systems
Authors: LeBlanc Nicholas , Gebben Samantha
Published: January 2023

Bacterial communities play multiple functional roles in soil that have positive and negative feedbacks on plant health. However, relatively few studies have focused on the ecology of soil bacterial communities in commercial strawberry production systems. The objective of this study was to determine if ecological processes influencing soil bacterial communities are consistent among commercial strawberry production locations and plots within the same geographic region. Soil samples were collected using a spatially explicit design from three plots in two commercial strawberry production locations in the Salinas Valley region of California. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH were measured for each of the 72 soil samples and bacterial communities were characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Multivariate analyses showed bacterial community composition was differentiated between the two strawberry production locations. Analyses of communities within plots demonstrated soil pH and nitrogen were significant predictors of bacterial community composition in one of the three sampled plots. Bacterial communities displayed spatial structure in two plots at one location based on a significant increase in community dissimilarity with increasing spatial distance. Null model analyses identified a lack of phylogenetic turnover among bacterial communities in all plots, but a greater frequency of dispersal limitation in the two plots where spatial structure was also observed. Overall, this work suggests that ecological factors influencing soil bacterial communities are not consistent among different strawberry production locations or plots which may impact the ability to predict or manage the effect of soil microbiomes on strawberry health.
Injection overmolding of polymer‐metal hybrid structures: A review
Authors: Vasconcelos Rayana L. , Oliveira Gean H. M. , Amancio‐Filho Sergio T. , Canto Leonardo B.
Published: January 2023

Polymer‐metal hybrid (PMH) structures, also known as metal‐polymer hybrid (MPH) structures, have received considerable attention from industry and academia due to the societal need for developing strong, lightweight, and durable structures for several applications in strategic areas, such as transportation, household appliances, energy, and biomedical devices. Injection overmolding is an advantageous technique for manufacturing PMH structures as it combines automation, a fast process, cost efficiency, and dimensional accuracy. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of recent advances reported in the literature concerning PMH structures fabricated by direct‐adhesion injection overmolding. Following a general introduction, the fundamentals of the injection overmolding technique are presented. Next, the potential of some metal surface preparation methods to ensure good adhesion, and thus outstanding mechanical performance in injection overmolded PMH structures is discussed. Correlations are then made between metal surface features, processing parameters, and the mechanical strength of injection overmolded polymer‐metal joints. Some applications of injection overmolded PMH structures are explored, and, lastly, the main conclusions and prospects on the use of injection overmolding are presented.
Fine‐tuning the backbone conformation of conjugated polymers and the influence on solution aggregation and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Liu Yi , Lu Yang , Ding Li , Pan Chen‐Kai , Xu Yu‐Chun , Wang Tian‐Yao , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: January 2023

The backbone conformation plays a vital role in the solution aggregation behavior and photophysical and electrical properties of conjugated polymers. Previous studies indicated that the backbone conformation modification mainly relied on introducing various functional groups. However, regulating the molecular conformation through non‐covalent interactions is highly susceptible to external factors such as solvents and temperature. Herein, four isoindigo‐based polymers, IIDDP, IIDDP‐C0, IIDDP‐C1, and IIDDP‐C2, are developed with distinct chain conformation. Covalent bonds are employed to fix the dihedral angle of the donor fragment and then control the main‐chain conformation. Due to conformation‐locking, it was observed that the planarization of the main chain from the solution to the thin film could not be achieved in the desired polymers with twisted backbones. Further investigations revealed that the relationship between the backbone conformation and the solution‐state supramolecular structures play a critical role in controlling solid‐state microstructures and optoelectronic performance of conjugated polymers.
Cytochrome P450s genes CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 contribute to host plant adaptation in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: He Li , Shi Yang , Ding Wenbing , Huang Hong , He Hualiang , Xue Jin , Gao Qiao , Zhang Zhixiang , Li Youzhi , Qiu Lin
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most destructive agricultural pests, which can complete their entire life cycle on various plants. At present, some detoxification genes have been proved to be involved in the adaptability to plants in insects. However, the genetics behind insect pest responses to host switches, and their ability to adapt to new host plants, remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the adaptation of S. frugiperda to host plant and determine the roles of CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 in the detoxification metabolism of the fall armyworm.

RESULTS

The results revealed that feeding on maize was more suitable for S. frugiperda to develop compared with rice. In addition, knocking down of SfCYP321A9 and SfCYP9A58 resulted in a prolonged developmental time of S. frugiperda larvae that fed on rice. Meanwhile, RNAi knockdown of SfCYP321A9 resulted in significantly higher mortality of S. frugiperda larvae when exposed to the rice allelochemicals, ferulic acid, gramine and tricin. Furthermore, overexpression of SfCYP321A9 significantly reduced mortality in Drosophila melanogaster when exposed to gramine and tricin.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 genes play a key role in host plant adaptation in S. frugiperda, which contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of host plant adaptation and provide the means to develop effective management tools for S. frugiperda resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Photo‐Carrier Lifetime in Binary and Ternary Heterostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Han Yoojoong , Kim Un Jeong , Nugera Florence A. , Kim Seok In , Park Yeonsang , Cheon Miyeon , Kim Gun Cheol , Gutiérrez Humberto R. , Lee Moonsang , Son Hyungbin
Published: January 2023

Binary and ternary transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures, MSe2 and MSeS (where M = Mo or W), are investigated as future building blocks for high‐performance device applications with a tailorable electronic bandgap. For light‐emitting device applications, investigating the decay time of the material is a prerequisite. Herein, time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) of binary and ternary TMD heterostructures is measured. A tri‐exponential function is adopted to fit the TRPL data. Short, medium, and long decay times are <50 ps, ≈400 ps, and >400 ps, respectively. Except for monolayer MoSe2 and MoSeS, only two PL decay time components are observed with a large contribution from short decay time photocarriers (>80%). Bilayer TMDs exhibit a much shorter PL decay time, which could be attributed to the indirect nature of excitons and different dielectric environments, compared with that of monolayer TMDs. Using the center‐of‐mass (CM) method, a PL decay time map is successfully obtained for binary and ternary TMD heterostructures. This allows the qualitative visualization of the decay time distribution within the heterostructure or among other materials. This technique could be applied to assess the decay time of materials used in high‐performance light‐emitting devices.
An autonomous ground robot to support firefighters' interventions in indoor emergencies
Authors: Talavera N. Fernández , Roldán‐Gómez Juan Jesús , Martín Francisco , Rodriguez‐Sanchez M. C.
Published: January 2023

Intervention teams act in hostile scenarios where reducing mission times and accident risks is critical. In these situations, the availability of accurate information about the environment plays a key role in ensuring the well‐being of rescuers and victims. This information required to plan the interventions in indoor emergencies encompasses the location of fires and the presence of dangerous gases. Robotics and remote sensing technologies can help emergency teams to obtain this information in real‐time without exposing themselves. Additionally, the accurate simulation of the environments allows the teams to plan their interventions, creating routes to safely access the affected areas and evacuate the victims. This article presents a robotic solution developed to satisfy the demands of intervention teams. More specifically, it describes an autonomous ground robot that can obtain real‐time location and environmental data from indoor fires, as well as a simulator that reproduces these emergency scenarios and facilitates mission planning. In this way, emergency teams can know the conditions in the scenario before, during, and after the intervention. Thus, risks are minimized by improving their situational awareness and reducing their exposure times during the mission. The system has been developed and validated in collaboration with the end‐users and under realistic harsh environments. During these experiments, the robot was used to detect fire sources and cold smoke and provide environmental information to firefighters. Additionally, the simulator provided alternative routes for accessing and exiting the scene faster and safer by dodging potentially dangerous areas.
Environmental degradation, economic growth, and energy consumption: The role of education
Authors: Osuntuyi Busayo Victor , Lean Hooi Hooi
Published: January 2023

The growth‐energy‐environment relationship has been debated over the last decades. The devastating impacts of economic growth and energy consumption on the environment have concerned environmental stakeholders worldwide. Although education has been identified as an essential determinant of environmental degradation, its moderating role is overlooked in the literature. This study examines the direct and moderating roles of education in the growth‐energy‐environment relationship in 23 African countries. The panel mean group (MG), pooled mean group (PMG), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the Driscoll–Kraay standard errors are used for the analysis. The study finds that the direct and moderating roles of education aggravate environmental degradation. The findings also reveal that the marginal impacts of energy consumption are contingent upon education and increase environmental degradation. The study recommends transforming the school curriculum to foster environmental awareness, competence, and mindset to improve the environment in Africa.
Observations from a system dynamics modeling field school in Mali
Authors: Schmitt Olabisi Laura , Sidibé Amadou
Published: January 2023

System dynamics models are powerful tools, but it can take months to learn modeling at an advanced level. Gaining even advanced beginner systems modeling skills may be useful for many researchers, and may require less time. We tested this premise through a 1‐week field course in Bamako, Mali. The course included an introduction to systems thinking and modeling, a field trip to involve local stakeholders in defining a modeling problem, and 3 days of constructing a system dynamics model for simulation. After the workshop, participants expressed satisfaction with the systems thinking tools they had acquired, and saw the power of system dynamics modeling for addressing complex problems. The largest barriers to their continued use of system dynamics tools were other commitments, and the lack of a designated time and context to practice their skills further. We conclude that system dynamics modeling can be taught to an advanced beginner level (with some students reaching competence) in 1 week—but participants should be organized to continue their learning beyond the workshop. © 2023 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis
Authors: Huangfu Xueqing , Guo Yang , Mugo Samuel M. , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2023

Human sweat comprises various electrolytes that are health status indicators. Conventional potentiometric electrolyte sensors require an electrical power source, which is expensive, bulky, and requires a complex architecture. Herein, this work demonstrates an electric nanogenerator fabricated using silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays comprising modified carbon nanoparticles. The SiNW arrays platform is demonstrated as an effective self‐powered sensor for sweat electrolyte analysis. It has been shown that an evaporation‐induced water flow in nanochannels can yield an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.45 V and a short‐circuit current of 10.2 µA at room temperature as a result of overlapped electric double layers. The electrolyte in the water flow results in a Voc decrease due to the charge shielding effect. The Voc is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The fabricated hydrovoltaic device shows the capability for sensing electrolytes in human sweat, which is useful in evaluating the hydration status of volunteers following intense physical exercise. The device depicts a novel response mechanism compared to conventional electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, the hydrovoltaic device shows a maximum output power of 1.42 µW, and as such has been successfully shown to drive various electronic devices including light‐emitting diodes, a calculator, and an electronic timer.
Half Monocoque Structures – Raumbildende Tragstrukturen aus Sandwichelementen
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Akama Eseme Glen
Published: January 2023

Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Half Monocoque Structures – Raumbildende Tragstrukturen aus Sandwichelementen“ wurden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten selbsttragender Konstruktionen aus Sandwichelementen unter axialer Druckbeanspruchung durchgeführt. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war es, vorhandene Berechnungsansätze zur Trag‐ und Gebrauchstauglichkeit und die Detaillösungen zur Lasteinleitung und ‐verteilung zu validieren und ggf. weiterzuentwickeln. Es wurde zunächst eine selbsttragende Konstruktion aus Sandwichelementen ohne eine tragende Unterkonstruktion als Beispielobjekt entworfen. Hierzu wurden alle notwendigen Konstruktionszeichnungen und Detaillösungen zur Ausbildung der Lasteinleitungsstellen und Stoßpunkte ausgearbeitet und für diese Anwendung festgelegt. Außerdem wurde eine wirtschaftliche und ökologische Betrachtung der Bauweise anhand des Beispielobjekts vorgenommen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Bauweise sollen dann als Grundlage für den Erwerb einer bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung dienen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die wesentlichen Forschungsergebnisse präsentiert und die Vorzüge der Bauweise selbsttragender Konstruktionen aus Sandwichelementen ohne eine tragende Unterkonstruktion verdeutlicht.
Ultrasound assisted preparation, characterization, and application of biosorbent for Rhodamine 6G removal from wastewater
Authors: Pakhale Vinod D. , Gogate Parag R.
Published: January 2023

Natural adsorbents offer promise for application in environmental protection mainly based on the cost efficiency and biodegradable nature. In the current work, a biosorbent has been synthesized from coconut shell (a common agrochemical waste) in the presence of ultrasound with an objective to improve the microstructure of the carbon coupled with activation using mixture of HNO3 with H2SO4 (7:3 proportion). SEM analysis clearly confirmed that ultrasound induced cavitational effects improved the porous structure of the sample. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the favorable adsorption characteristics for the synthesized activated carbon with no negative changes due to the use of ultrasound. The synthesized adsorbent was used for the removal of a toxic dye, Rhodamine 6G present in effluent at a level of 25 mg L−1. The detailed study into effect of operating parameters elucidated that optimum treatment time for maximum dye removal was 22 min whereas the optimal value of biosorbent loading and pH were 8 gL−1 and 10, respectively. The equilibrium data was fitted into different types of adsorption isotherm models, and Langmuir isotherm model was elucidated as the best fitted model with an adsorption capacity of 90.9 mg g−1. Similarly, the kinetic studies revealed that pseudo second order model fitted better than all the other models. Overall, the efficacy of prepared adsorbent in the presence of ultrasound was effectively demonstrated for the Rhodamine 6G removal from wastewater, also demonstrating the effect of different operating conditions during the adsorption.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (atypical fibroxanthoma‐subtype) in a 4‐year‐old Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi)
Authors: Clayton Ashley , Holding Ellen , Hopper Jane , Krook Brogan , Rich Andrew F.
Published: January 2023

A 4‐year‐old, male Rothschild's giraffe presented with a rapidly growing, hemispherical, approximately 40 × 20 × 20 mm, raised, firm mass located on the mid‐region of the left lateral thigh. Complete surgical excision (minimal 20 mm margins in all orientations) was achieved under behavioural restraint and local anaesthesia. Cytology and histopathology diagnosed a poorly differentiated malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, with nuclear karyomegaly, multinucleation and atypical horseshoe‐like forms. The neoplastic cells exhibited diffuse strong cytoplasmic immunopositivity to vimentin, and were negative to smooth muscle actin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CD18 immunomarkers, giving a diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. At 1 year follow‐up, the giraffe is clinically well with no health issues after complete excision, and no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases, based on physical examination and routine haematology/biochemistry. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (atypical fibroxanthoma‐subtype) in a giraffe.
Review of artificial intelligence‐based question‐answering systems in healthcare
Authors: Budler Leona Cilar , Gosak Lucija , Stiglic Gregor
Published: January 2023

Use of conversational agents, like chatbots, avatars, and robots is increasing worldwide. Yet, their effectiveness in health care is largely unknown. The aim of this advanced review was to assess the use and effectiveness of conversational agents in various fields of health care. A literature search, analysis, and synthesis were conducted in February 2022 in PubMed and CINAHL. The included evidence was analyzed narratively by employing the principles of thematic analysis. We reviewed articles on artificial intelligence‐based question‐answering systems in health care. Most of the identified articles report its effectiveness; less is known about its use. We outlined study findings and explored directions of future research, to provide evidence‐based knowledge about artificial intelligence‐based question‐answering systems.

This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction

Application Areas > Health Care

Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Metal–organic coordination polymers for delivery of immunomodulatory agents, and infectious disease and cancer vaccines
Authors: Pena Erik S. , Lifshits Liubov M. , Eckshtain‐Levi Meital , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M.
Published: January 2023

Metal–organic coordination polymers (CPs) are a broad class of materials that include metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). CPs are highly ordered crystalline materials that are composed of metal ions (or metal ion clusters) and multidentate organic ligands that serve as linkers. One‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional CPs can be formed, with 2D and 3D structures referred to as MOFs. CPs have gained a lot of attention due to attractive structural features like structure versatility and tunability, and well‐defined pores that enable the encapsulation of cargo. Further, CPs show a lot of promise for drug delivery applications, but only a very limited number of CPs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we outlined features that are desired for CP‐based drug delivery platform, and briefly described most relevant characterization techniques. We highlighted some of the recent efforts directed toward developing CP‐based drug delivery platforms with the emphasis on vaccines against cancer, infectious diseases, and viruses. We hope this review will be a helpful guide for those interested in the design and evaluation of CP‐based immunological drug delivery platforms.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Schleichender demografischer Wandel und neurologische Rehabilitation – Teil 2: Handlungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Knecht Stefan , Reiners Harmut , Siebler Mario , Platz Thomas , Flöel Agnes , Busse Reinhard
Published: January 2023

In seinem jetzigen Zustand wird das deutsche Gesundheitssystem nicht in der Lage sein, eine ansteigende Zahl alter Menschen in der Bevölkerung mit einer verminderten Zahl qualifizierter Erwerbspersonen zu versorgen. Diese Problematik betrifft besonders die postakute Versorgung von Schwerkranken, wie in einem ersten von zwei Beitragsteilen unter Situationsbeschreibung dargelegt wurde. Hier diskutieren wir Perspektiven und Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Eine führende Schlussfolgerung ist, dass akut- und rehabilitativmedizinische Maßnahmen deutlich wirksamer als bisher auf einander abgestimmt werden könnten und sollten.
Non-linear Sylow branching coefficients for symmetric groups
Authors: Giannelli Eugenio , Volpato Giada
Published: January 2023

We study the restriction to Sylow subgroups of irreducible characters of symmetric groups. In particular, we give a precise description of the degrees of the irreducible constituents in terms of the shape of the partition that labels a given irreducible character. Our main result is a wide generalization of [Giannelli and Navarro (Proc Am Math Soc 146(5):1963–1976, 2018), Theorem 3.1].
Linking Pedobacter lusitanus NL19 volatile exometabolome with growth medium composition: what can we learn using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry?
Authors: Figueiredo Gonçalo , Costa Carina Pedrosa , Lourenço Joana , Caetano Tânia , Rocha Sílvia M. , Mendo Sónia
Published: January 2023

Microbial metabolomics allows understanding and to comprehensively analyse metabolites, and their related cellular and metabolic processes, that are produced and released to the extracellular environment under specific conditions. In that regard, the main objective of this research is to understand the impact of culture media changes in the metabolic profile of Pedobacter lusitanus NL19 (NL19) and Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384 (MTCC6384) and respective influence on the production of biotechnologically relevant compounds. Solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyser (GC × GC-ToFMS) was applied to comprehensively study the metabolites produced by NL19 and MTCC6384 both in tryptic soy broth 100% (TSB100) and tryptic soy broth with 25% casein peptone (PC25). A total of 320 metabolites were putatively identified, which belong to different chemical families: alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Metabolites that were statistically different from the control (sterile medium) were selected allowing for the construction of the metabolic profile of both strains. A set of 80 metabolites was tentatively associated to the metabolic pathways such as the metabolism of fatty acids, branched-chain aminoacids, phenylalanine, methionine, aromatic compounds, and monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. This study allowed to better understand how slight changes of the culture media and thus the composition of nutrients impair the metabolic profile of bacteria, which may be further explored for metabolomics pipeline construction or biotechnological applications.
Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Skin-Reducing Mastectomy with Prepectoral Polyuretane (Pu) Implant Covered with an Autologous Dermo-Adipose Flap
Authors: Lembo Fedele , Cecchino Liberato Roberto , Parisi Domenico , Portincasa Aurelio
Published: January 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to present our new technique of immediate breast reconstruction with prepectoral Polyuretane (PU) Implants, covered with an autologous dermo-adipose flap, in skin-reducing mastectomy both for risk-reducing (prophylactic mastectomy) and therapeutic cases.

Methods

We performed a single-center, retrospective review of 21 patients (mean age 47 years), undergone skin-reducing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with prepectoral Polyuretane (PU) Implants, covered with an autologous dermo-adipose flap, un the period January 2018–June 2021. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon.

Results

A total of 36 skin-reducing mastectomies (6 curative, 15 prophylactic) with one-stage prepectoral PU foam-coated implant and autologous dermo-adipose flap reconstruction were performed. All postoperative complications were collected. Quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction with reconstruction were evaluated through the BREAST-Q questionnaire, administered preoperatively and at 12 months after surgery. Independent Student’s t tests were used to compare means of continuous variables and Chi-square test was used for ordinal variables. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Uni- and multiple linear regression analyses were used to confirm all results. Out of 21 patients, we observed one small wound dehiscence and one partial Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) necrosis. All cases of minor complications were managed conservatively and did not affect the quality of the final outcome. No implant loss was observed. No significant severe capsular contracture (grade III or IV) was detected at follow-up. Overall satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial, physical and sexual well-being all significantly increased, analyzing BRAST-Q data. Statistical analysis showed a significant influence of diabetes on the risk of complications.

Conclusions

Our experience suggests that the procedure described is effective, feasible and cost-effective. It is easier to perform compared to similar and more demanding procedure, reduces operative time, and minimizes complications related to manipulation of the pectoralis major muscle, while also contributing to the containment of costs.

Moreover, it appears to be oncologically safe, provides good esthetic results with low postoperative complication rate and leads to high level of patients’ satisfaction.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Multi-beam ultrafast laser processing of free-standing nanofilms
Authors: Uesugi Yuuki , Miwa Taito , Kadoguchi Naohiro , Kozawa Yuichi , Sato Shunichi
Published: January 2023

In this study, femtosecond laser-based multi-beam interference laser processing on nanofilms with nanometer thicknesses was demonstrated. The resulting multi-hole, two-dimensional lattice pattern reflected a laser interference fringe formed on the surface of the nanofilm, with no breaks or cracks. In anticipation of the actual nanostructure fabrication, additional laser processing was performed to drill additional holes in the spaces between the existing holes, resulting in high-density multi-point hole drilling beyond the interference fringe pitch. Notably, processing materials with thicknesses close to 100 nm or less is difficult even with a state-of-the-art focused-ion-beam system. The presented method, in contrast, allows instantaneous, submicrometer-scale multi-point hole drilling of nanofilms over a large area, opening up a new frontier of nanoengineering. Future applications will include the fabrication of electron phase plates, membrane-based optomechanical devices, microelectromechanical systems, and engineering of atomic layer materials.
Tübinger Training for Autism Spectrum Disorders (TüTASS): a structured group intervention on self-perception and social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Drüsedau Laura Luisa , Götz Antonia , Kleine Büning Lena , Conzelmann Annette , Renner Tobias J. , Barth Gottfried M.
Published: January 2023

In autism spectrum disorders (ASD), social communication and stereotypical behaviour patterns affect all areas of life, and can result in a decrease of its quality. Previous research has shown promising results for the social skills of groups of children with ASD. Furthermore, a pilot study of the Tübingen Group Training for Autism Spectrum Disorders (TüTASS) has demonstrated that mindfulness-based elements achieve additional positive effects. To build on these findings, the TüTASS training was adapted and expanded. Indeed, the TüTASS currently includes 20 90-min appointments starting with the basic skills of emotions, body, and communication, which are then transferred to personal, family, peer, and school spheres. The appointments have a fixed, consistent structure and each includes a body awareness exercise. In this study, we evaluated the TÜTASS with 27 children with ASD. The results showed improvements in pre-post comparison in behaviours associated with autism, as well as in externalising and internalising behaviours as assessed by parent reports, participant self-reports, and independent raters in participating children. Furthermore, the perceived parent burden in relation to their children decreased, whereas the participants’ self-rated quality of life increased. Overall, both the participants and their parents rated the TüTASS very positively in rating sheets and in free feedback. If replicated in larger controlled trials, TÜTASS training might be a useful treatment tool for groups of children with ASD.
Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Scheunemann Jakob , Jelinek Lena , Biedermann Sarah V. , Lipp Michael , Yassari Amir H. , Kühn Simone , Gallinat Jürgen , Moritz Steffen
Published: January 2023

Research suggests that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) share a range of cognitive biases with patients with psychosis. As the disorder often manifests in dysfunctional social interactions, we assumed associated reasoning styles would be exaggerated in a social setting. For the present study, we applied the Judge-Advisor System by asking participants to provide initial estimates of a person’s age and presumed hostility based on a portrait photo. Afterwards, we presented additional cues/advice in the form of responses by anonymous previous respondents. Participants could revise their estimate, seek additional advice, or make a decision. Contrary to our preregistered hypothesis, patients with BPD (n = 38) performed similarly to healthy controls (n = 30). Patients sought the same number of pieces of advice, were equally confident, and used advice in similar ways to revise their estimates. Thus, patients with BPD did trust advice. However, patients gave higher hostility ratings to the portrayed persons. In conclusion, patients with BPD showed no cognitive biases in seeking, evaluating, and integrating socially provided information. While the study implies emotional rather than cognitive biases in the disorder, cognitive biases may still prove to be useful treatment targets in order to encourage delaying and reflecting on extreme emotional responses in social interactions.
In situ donor keratometry in deceased patients as a novel screening technique for eye banking
Authors: Quintin Adrien , Hamon Loïc , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To investigate the potential role of keratometry on whole globes in situ of deceased patients by assessing its repeatability and comparing it with sterile donor tomography after excision and preservation in organ culture.

Methods

A sequence of 5 measurements was taken from 40 eyes in situ of deceased patients < 24 h after death using the portable Retinomax K-plus 3 (Bon, Tokyo, Japan). Keratometry of whole globes in situ, from which sclerocorneal discs were taken for organ culture, was compared to those obtained after measuring these sclerocorneal disks through their cell culture flask in medium I after 5 ± 4 days using the anterior segment optical coherence tomograph Casia 2 (Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan), and to 964 different donor corneas in medium II.

Results

Cronbach’s alpha of the in situ keratometry was 0.891 and 0.942 for the steepest and flattest corneal power (P). The steepest (44.5D) and flattest (41.1D) P as well as the astigmatism (3.4D) of in situ corneas remained unchanged after preserving sclerocorneal discs in medium I (respectively 44.7D [p = 0.09]; 41.4D [p = 0.17]; 3.3D [p = 0.09]). The comparison of the in situ values with the 964 measured different donor corneas in medium II showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher P at the steep (45.4D) and flat (43.9D) meridian and smaller astigmatism (1.4D) for sterile donor tomography.

Conclusions

Measuring deceased patients’ eyes in situ with the portable Retinomax K-plus 3 represents a feasible and reliably repeatable screening method in the eye bank. In comparison to donor tomography in medium I, it measures a similar power and astigmatism.
Methodology for the historical and synoptic analysis of snows: its application to the region of Castilla y León (Spain)
Authors: Ortega Mª Teresa , Morales Carlos G.
Published: January 2023

A methodology is proposed for the study of snowfall, applied to the region and autonomous community of Castilla y León (Spain). It is based on two major pillars: the elaboration of a Snowfall Catalogue from the consultation of documentary sources (press) between 1979 and 2021, which allows cataloging all the episodes that occurred from October to May, and the synoptic study of the atmospheric dynamics in those 43 years, identifying the different types of weather as a means of validating the cataloged episodes. The database created provides information on its intensity, duration, and frequency, as well as its genesis, distribution, typology, and climatic hazard. All this has been analyzed and has allowed to recognize different stages in its way of occurring and to estimate trends and behaviors in both the number of episodes and the number of snow days and their assessment in the current situation of climate change.
Spezifische Infektionen als Auslöser von Krebs und chronischen neuronalen Erkrankungen
Authors: de Villiers Ethel-Michele , zur Hausen Harald
Published: January 2023

Manche Viren, Bakterien und parasitäre Infektionen können zu Krebserkrankungen führen. Neben der direkten infektiösen Karzinogenese bei Verbleib von Erregergenen in den Zellen gibt es zumindest zwei Mechanismen der indirekten infektionsbedingten Krebsentstehung: Immunsuppression und chronische Entzündungen mit Radikalbildung und mutagener Aktivität in proliferierenden Zellen. Studien legen nahe, dass bei bestimmten Krebsarten des Menschen nach spezifischen Erregern gesucht werden sollte, die vermutlich nicht als direkte infektiöse Krebserreger eine Rolle spielen, sondern eher über einen indirekten Mechanismus auf Krebsvorläuferzellen und später auch auf Krebszellen einwirken. Die Epidemiologie der betreffenden Krebsarten und chronischen Infektionen legt nahe, dass der Verzehr von Milch- und Fleischprodukten unserer Milchrinder hier eine besondere Rolle spielt und dass wir es mit unerwartet weit verbreiteten Zoonosen des Menschen zu tun haben, deren Identifizierung eine Reihe von Konsequenzen für künftige Präventions- und Therapiemaßnahmen mit sich bringen dürfte. Auch bei der multiplen Sklerose (MS) wird ein ätiologischer Zusammenhang mit Infektionen (vor allem Epstein-Barr-Virus [EBV], seltener humanes Herpesvirus Typ 6) sowie ein Bezug zum Kuhmilch- und Rindfleischkonsum angenommen. In autopsierten MS-Läsionen wurden zirkuläre DNA-Moleküle („multiple sclerosis brain isolate“ 1 und 2 [MSBI‑1 und MSBI-2]) isoliert, die strukturell DNA-Molekülen aus Milch und Rinderblut („bovine meat and milk factors“ [BMMF]) ähneln. Gemäß einem aktuellen ätiologischen Modell ist eine Doppelinfektion spezifischer Hirnzellen durch EBV und BMMF Ausgangspunkt der MS-Entstehung. Zunächst erfolgt eine Reaktivierung von EBV, etwa durch einen Vitamin-D3-Mangel und die resultierende Synthese von „transforming growth factor β“ (TGF-β). Die reaktivierten Herpesviren amplifizieren dann die BMMF-DNA, die schließlich freigesetzt wird und in benachbarte Zellen gelangt. Eine fokale Immunantwort führt zur Zerstörung von BMMF-Protein-produzierenden Zellen und damit zum Erkrankungsbeginn.