bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different times, same methods
Authors: Sinkó Gábor
Published: December 2024

This article examines the impact of the National Security Service (NSS) on the operations on the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). It begins with the short history of Somalia between 1960 and 1991 and then the article analyzes the activities of the NSS, the main intelligence apparatus of the Siad Barre regime, and the NISA, the primary intelligence service of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). It contends that instead of reestablishing the NISA as an organization serving the interests of the general public, it continues to operate as an instrument of political power. The study argues that although times may differ, methods remain the same when scrutinizing the operations of these Somali intelligence apparatuses. There are many common features characterizing the agencies, including the governments’ use of these intelligence services for the consolidation of their personal power, getting rid of political opponents or conducting extrajudicial activities. The interconnectedness of military and political power, the dominance of patron-client relationships, the conduct of intelligence and counterintelligence operations in neighboring countries, and the prioritization of clan loyalty are additional similarities. The reconfiguration and reorganization of the security sector is needed for peace to be restored in the country.
Resilience-based approach and management of human trafficking at the regions of natural disasters in Africa
Authors: Sáfár Brigitta , Kállai Krisztina
Published: December 2024

Colin D. Robinson is an Adjunct Instructor with the eSchool of Graduate Professional Military Education, Air University, Maxwell AFB, Alabama; a Researcher at the African Research Institute, Óbuda University, Budapest; and sits on the editorial board of Defence and Security Analysis. He has carried out defence reform research and work in East Timor, Somalia, Kenya, Liberia, and Malawi, worked at universities in Liberia and New Zealand, worked three times for the New Zealand defence establishment, in Georgia and Liberia for the United Nations, and with policy research institutes in London and Washington DC.
illusion of exoticism
Authors: Popławski Błażej
Published: December 2024

The aim of this article is to describe the evolution of the perception of Africa, especially the Sub-Saharan part, and its inhabitants in Poland between 1945 and 1989 on the basis of official documents, literary sources, and memoirs. It is possible to assume that the process of conventionalization of the symbols generated the image of the “Dark Continent” and the substantial modification of the language of cognition – from “Afro-Optimistic” in the early 1960s to “Afro-Pessimistic” in the 1980s. This change was caused by various factors: cold-war geopolitics, anticolonial and “fraternal aid” rhetoric, frequency of social interaction, more visible presence of Africans in the cultural landscape of Poland, and liberalization in terms of “passport politics” in the People’s Republic of Poland (in Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL).
African Relationships with the Military Industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Sikimić Milica
Published: December 2024

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in the Western Balkans that emerged in the 1990s, after the war in the former Yugoslavia. It is not a member of the European Union and has a population of just over 3 million. The main industries in the country are the production of iron, steel, coal, textile, tobacco, along with wood industry. Domestic producers of military equipment and weapons are factories that have inherited production facilities from the Yugoslav heavy and military industry and mainly export their products to foreign markets, thus making a profit. Several domestic companies engaged in the production of weapons and military equipment also produce for the African market. The main goal of this paper is to present modern technical solutions and achievements of the military industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina and to identify the types and quantities of these products that are exported to the African market. Also, the data on the number of peacekeepers on the African continent who are members of law enforcement agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be presented. According to the data of the Foreign Trade Chamber of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a few domestic companies from the military industry sector registered cooperation with African partners, requested and obtained a permit from the state authorities for the export of goods to certain African countries. These companies are as follows: Matra Group, Unis Group, Technical Overhaul Bratunac. Regarding relationships with Africa, it is important to mention the participation of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian police and military forces in UN peacekeeping missions in the Congo, Sudan, South Sudan, and Liberia.
Role of perception in countering violent extremism
Authors: Pardyak Marek
Published: December 2024

The issue of violent extremism has attracted media and policy attention all over the world, particularly after widely reported terrorist attacks. Extensive research and analysis as well as conferences and government projects have been dedicated to understanding the drivers of violent extremism and providing recommendations for what is known as “CVE” (countering violent extremism). This paper addresses the problem of extremism and terrorism from a different perspective. It covers research from before as well as after 9/11 and analyses a situation in which militants were forcibly kidnapped and then manipulated into becoming brutal executioners.
Finding the "keys to perception" has been and remains a goal for all those who wish to manipulate, e.g., voters, their opponents, sponsors, and supporters. The case of Joseph Kony, the charismatic leader of the Lord’s Resistance Army, is worth considering in this context, as he managed to change the perceptual filters of many stakeholders, also those not directly related to his activities. The answer to the question of what irrational levers were used to achieve this goal may add much to the discussion, also in relation to other violent extremist groups including the so-called Islamic State, Boko Haram, or Al-Shabaab.
How international volunteering can contribute to the development of Africa
Authors: Molnár Zsolt
Published: December 2024

International volunteering has an unquestionable role in global development, but its complexity and contribution is yet to be widely emphasised. Working to implement humanitarian and/or development aid programmes initiated by the UN and other transnational bodies, international volunteering supports global change in general, and offers concrete benefits for both the recipient and donor societies. Africa is the biggest beneficiary of global support, with approx. 30% of all international development assistance (ODA) allocated to the continent, worth USD 38 billion annually. Africa also has the biggest concentration of international volunteers: approx. 45% of them work in the continent supporting the implementation of social, educational, health, economic, or agriculture development programmes. The economic value of volunteers’ labour amounts to several billion USD worldwide every year.
Review of: “Bitskrieg: The New Challenge of Cyberwarfare” by John Arquilla
Authors: Gulyás Attila
Published: December 2024

Arquilla, John, Bitskrieg: The New Challenge of Cyberwarfare. Polity Press, Medford-Cambridge, 2021. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4362-5 (hc); ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4363-2 (pb).
Review of: “War of Intervention in Angola Vol. 3: Angolan and Cuban Air Forces, 1975-1985” by Adrien Fontanellaz, Tom Cooper and Jose Augusto Matos
Authors: Hegedus Eva
Published: December 2024

Fontanellaz, Adrien, Cooper, Tom and Matos, Jose Augusto, War of Intervention in Angola – Vol. 3: Angolan and Cuban Air Forces, 1975-1985, Africa at War Series, Helion & Company Limited, 2020. ISBN: 978-1-913118-61-7, pp. 72.
Tigray Crisis
Authors: Chanie Asnake Anteneh
Published: December 2024

Promoting economic and political interests, maintaining balance of power at the global level, and influencing others to protect state and regime security are some of the reasons why global powers contend with each other internationally. By using the Tigray crisis in northern Ethiopia as a case study and analysing it based on neo-realism principles, this article explores the competition between global and regional powers and their political, economic and security ramifications for the Horn of Africa. The article argues that by framing the Tigray crisis in a contradictory way and responding to it differently, global powers are competing each other to project their power by embracing either a defensive or offensive realistic strategy. The findings also demonstrate that the contradictory strategy adopted by the major global powers and their conflicting behaviour are driven by their competing geostrategic interests in the Horn of Africa. Furthermore, the article explores the consequences of these geostrategic political rivalries and power competition on matters of sovereignty, security, and power dynamics in the region and beyond.
COVID-19 Social Protection and Exclusion Nexus
Authors: Makanda Joseph
Published: December 2024

Globally, most governments have come up with COVID-19 social relief and protection measures to render expedient and effective assistance to vulnerable populations, ranging from nationals to foreigners. This study utilizes narratives of 15 refugee women and 5 South African women to interrogate whether the South African national COVID-19 social protection and relief policies (such as wage subsidies, social grants and unemployment benefits) have been inclusive. While the South African government has made efforts to meet the obligation of its Refugee Act 130 of 1998, the views of participants reveal that the government’s COVID-19 response policies have been prejudiced into excluding and vilifying refugees and asylum seekers based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners. This has increased migrants’ vulnerability to poverty and social disintegration. The study warns that by giving sub-optimal attention to the plight of migrants with regards to combating the COVID-19 pandemic, the South African government risks exacerbating devastating impacts of COVID-19 to both refugees and South Africans alike.
Turkey and Africa Connections Focused on the Military Industry
Authors: Petrőcz Jordán , Babos Tibor
Published: December 2024

The connection between Turkey and North Africa has historical roots, that is why it is understandable that the current Turkish government puts emphasis on the region. Moreover, the AKP-led Turkey has opened the scale and has built connections all over Africa, including the Sub-Saharan part to the southern end of the continent and even the Horn of Africa. 
Turkey’s expansion into Africa is centred around three pillars: 1) economic policies, 2) expansion of diplomatic missions, 3) and humanitarian assistance. The military assistance and Turkish made military products can be part of more of these pillars but can also be seen as a fourth territory which is really important to Turkey in connection with Africa. For military connections between Turkey and Africa, we can list the following areas: 1) selling of Turkish defence products to African countries, 2) building army bases on African land, like in Somalia or in Sudan, 3) training African troops and giving them products and know-how, like in Libya. In this study, we would like to give a picture of the recent military connections between Turkey and Africa.
State, Religion and Muridism in Senegal
Authors: Dese Chongo Terun
Published: December 2024

Africa’s social and political movements are very diverse especially because of the nature of their emergence in different parts of the continent and the peculiarities of the conditions that informed their emergence which also differs. Even though they all emerged in opposition to colonial rule and domination, often these movements provide links for exploring the nature of the relationship between local and national movements that culminates into the independence of African states. This is a study on the role of Islam and Islamic movements in Africa, it explores the dynamics of religion and its impact in state affairs. The paper examines the role of religion in organizing people for liberation struggles and the development of states in Africa and Senegal in particular. It maintains that religion was a fundamental tool in the development of social and political movement in Senegal. The paper uses Muridism as one of the most influential religious groups in Senegal to demonstrate the strength of religious institution in mobilizing people against colonial state. Murid’s philosophy of work, worship and service inspired the zeal to human, social and political development. These religious principles provided an alternative system of social, political economic and spiritual control to colonial rule whose imperialistic drive was to dominate and suppress the people. Thus, at independence, the philosophy of Murids found expression among the people and contributed to the formation of nationalist ideology and state-politics in colonial and post-colonial Senegal.
Review of: “Western Sahara: Reasons for Extemporaneous Colonization and Decolonization 1885-1975” by Jesús Martínez-Milán and Claudia Barona Castañeda
Authors: Besenyő János
Published: December 2024

Martínez-Milán, Jesús and Castañeda, Claudia Barona, Western Sahara: Reasons for Extemporaneous Colonization and Decolonization 1885-1975. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2021. ISBN: 978-1-68507-334-3. pp. 177.
Here there be Dragons: Evolution, Potentials and Mitigation Opportunities of Cybercrime in Nigeria
Authors: Kovacs Attila Mate
Published: December 2024

The world is becoming increasingly interconnected due to advancements in technology and the adoption of the internet. The once widely used traditional forms of communication such as parcels have become unpopular. The development of computers and the internet has become the primary mode of communication. Internet is now widely used across businesses, government departments, and individual mobile connectivity. However, the increased internet use has posed modern threats attributed to cybercrime. Nigeria is experiencing growth in population and internet connectivity, with an internet penetration of 33.6%. With an estimated population of just over 205 million people, the impacts of cybercrime will continue to increase. Nigeria is now regarded as the cradle of cybercrime activities in sub-Saharan Africa. Cybercrime is estimated to cost the economy of Nigeria $649 million annually. Besides, cybercrime activities have other impacts, such as impersonation and plagiarism. Due to the scale of these impacts, it is imperative that an adequate capacity to handle emerging issues in cybercrime be developed. The study investigated cybercrime preparedness in Nigeria. Research findings indicate that Nigeria has inadequate legal and educational preparedness to help mitigate the rising incidences of cybercrime in the country. The country has only one cybercrime act passed in 2015 and five universities that offer cybercrime-specific courses.
Introduction to Nigeria: Balkanization Ahead?
Authors: Mayer Ádám
Published: December 2024

Introduction to Nigeria: Balkanization Ahead?
Boko Haram Insurgency and Environmental Degradation in the North-East Region of Nigeria, 2009-2021
Authors: Ya'u Usman Isah
Published: December 2024

The Boko Haram (BH) insurgency has attracted global attention because it has lingered for over ten years now and gory news of serial killings, ambushes of security personnel and convoys, abductions, internal displaced persons/refugee crisis, among others made the headlines. The BH insurgency has a devastating impact on the economy and society particularly in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa States where the security problem had been more pronounced. Bauchi, Gombe and Taraba States in the Northeast region of Nigeria and the neighbouring Republics of Niger, Chad and Cameroon have also been affected, having accommodated people fleeing the insurgency. While many displaced persons have settled in states other than that of their origin and may not go back, others with government support have started returning to their ancestral homes to start a new life. The BH insurgency, as with different aspects of the society, seriously affected the environment of a region that has been experiencing ecological degradation over time. The insurgency-induced environmental degradation in the Northeast region does make the headlines; little or nothing is reported or written about this aspect of the crisis. This paper attempts to examine the environmental impact of the insurgency in relation to the violent military engagements and the lifestyle of the displaced persons in and outside camps. The content of the paper is based on information generated largely from written material and some oral data.
Changing Nigerian Migration Trends and its Hungarian Context
Authors: Besenyő János , Kármán Marianna
Published: December 2024

In a country like Nigeria, there is a decades-long tradition of internal and international migration, which has begun to strengthen especially since the country gained its independence. While the postcolonial period - from the 1960s until the 2000s - was marked primarily by the internal migration of workers to administrative and economic centres, with the rise of unemployment in the 2000s, the international migration of the Nigerians also strengthened.
As a result of the diverse opportunities offered by international migration, at the 2015 migration summit, Nigerians turned up in relatively large numbers among migrants arriving in Europe via illegal routes. Although Nigerians are essentially leaving their country on legal routes, Nigerian illegal immigrants arriving in 2015-16 have aggravated the situation of Nigerian diaspora and painted a fundamentally negative image of Nigerians. Although most of them returned home, this still did not mean the elimination or alleviation of the problems that still spur migration in Nigeria.
Review of: “The Boko Haram Reader” by Abdulbasit Kassim, Michael Nwankpa and David Cook
Authors: Cann Alex
Published: December 2024

A Review of: “The Boko Haram Reader” by Abdulbasit Kassim, Michael Nwankpa and David Cook
Women as Perpetrators of Violence and Crimes in Africa
Authors: Kármán Marianna
Published: December 2024

Women as victims of genocide, terrorism or war crimes are the traditional topics of studies. But this situation necessarily changed in the last decades as number of female combatants increased all over the world. If we examine the case of female attackers in different parts of the world, we can get different shapes and form of intention behind these combats. Africa gives the various forms of cruelty caused in society by women or to women. But the line between the two sides in many cases are not clear. In this study I examine the categories of attacks committed by women in Africa, and the situation of women who decided to destroy – mainly – their own society.
Proliferation of Armed Non-State Actors in the Sahel
Authors: Akinyetun Tope Shola
Published: December 2024

The increase in the spate of insecurity in West Africa and the Sahel has assumed colossal proportions. Insecurity in the region is largely perpetuated by non-state actors that continue to rise in numbers and evolve in operations. Indeed, armed non-state actors pervade Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad and Nigeria. The proliferation of these armed non-state actors constitutes a bane to the development of the region as it further subjects the region to extreme poverty, unprecedented humanitarian crisis and state fragility. This paper, therefore, examines how the mutually reinforcing challenges of climate change, bad governance, local militias, ungoverned space and poverty have necessitated the polarization of terror networks. This is done through the adoption of a qualitative approach and reliance on secondary sources of data such as textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, newspaper articles, online newspapers etc. The paper finds that governance is a critical driver and predictive element in the understanding of the proliferation of ANSAs. It concludes that ANSAs take advantage of poor governance to establish an informal governance system that adopts violence to maintain control whilst encouraging a shadow economy characterized by terrorism, kidnap for ransom, rivalry attacks and illegal activities. The paper, therefore, recommends the adoption of a framework of local governance characterized by responsive institutions, inclusive politics and resilient society.
Linking Theory to Practice
Authors: Schneider Richárd
Published: December 2024

Before the 1990s, the practice of post-conflict management mainly focused on military and law-enforcement priorities. Since then, a development-oriented approach has evolved by making a greater sense of the better addressing of the root causes and characteristics of conflicts, as well as the needs and motivations of actors and individuals. In the same vein, critical approaches to the traditionally „minimalist” approach suggested a relatively new, community-based practice that may help to better understand the complex political, psychological and economic situation in local terms to enhance the efficiency of reintegration of former combatants and make them socially and politically represented after conflicts end.
At the same time, according to Mary Kaldor’s theory, we have witnessed meaningful qualitative changes regarding the nature of armed conflicts which pose vital challenges to the Westphalian international system as they reshape the concept of sovereignty and question the state monopoly on violence. Proponents of the “new war” thesis argue that such qualitative changes in wars also necessitate a fundamental shift from the traditional peacebuilding approaches. In Kaldor’s view, as a consequence of the rapid globalisation during the 1990s and the never-ending erosion of state sovereignty a fundamentally new theoretical framework is needed in the course of peace operations which is entirely different from the former so-called „liberal peace”. Thus, the new characteristics of wars pointed out by Kaldor may have a great significance in how peacebuilding and DDR programmes should be planned and implemented in post-conflict settlements.
In this analysis the question is how the failure of traditional disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programmes and the prospective new generation of them reflect to „new wars” theories, particularly to Kaldor’s thesis, so what connections they may have, if any. The author makes this search through a Liberian case study. The focal points of the analysis include: actors (1); motivations and goals (2); brutality and the victimisation of the civilians (3); and economic and financial characteristics (4).
Review of: “Family and Jihadism: A Socio-Anthropological Approach to the French Experience” edited by Jerôme Ferret and Farhad Khoroskhovar
Authors: Kaesehage Nina
Published: December 2024

The edited volume Family and Jihadism. A Socio-Anthropological Approach to the French Experience by Jerôme Ferret and Farhad Khosrokhovar touches an important topic: the impact of the family and family ties in terms of jihadist radicalization. This anthology is a timely and important work based on interdisciplinary contributions related to the jihadist radicalization of young European adults with ties to North Africa. Its insights are useful for both governmental and non-governmental approaches related to the prevention of violent extremism (PVE) within Europe and beyond.
Hungarian Count, the Polish Major and the Slovenian War Horses in South Africa
Authors: Scherman Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2024

The noble Hungarian Jankovics-Bésán family have long being renowned as influential breeders of Lipizzan horses. During the Second World War in 1944 with the advancing Soviet Red Army bearing down on the family stud farm then located at Oreglak in Hungary, Count Elemér Janković-Bésán de Pribér-Vuchin, decided to flee the farm. He, however, refused to leave behind his beloved horses and fled with eight of the animals, two stallions and six mares. After stops in Germany and England, the Count decided to relocate with his horses to the Natal midlands of South Africa, where he re-established his family stud farm.
In 1951, during the Royal Agricultural Show in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the Hungarian horse breeder by chance met a Polish horse trainer. Major Jerzy (George) Iwanowski (13 March 1907 – 28 May 2008) was a graduate of the College of Agriculture in Warsaw. After the Second World War, Iwanowski also decided to leave Europe and relocate to South Africa, where he established the Centaur Stables in Johannesburg.
It is from this meeting of two European horse lovers on the rolling hills of KwaZulu-Natal that South Africa’s world-famous Lipizzaner horses are derived. Based exclusively on the high standards as established by the Spanish Riding School based in Vienna, Austria, South African Lipizzaner’s have been performing since 1957. The original riders were almost exclusively women, unlike their European counterparts. This was because in South Africa the Lipizzan horses that formed part of the original performing team were all privately owned by women who were able to donate their time and efforts to a non-profit organisation that did not really pay its riders to perform.
Hungarian Socialist Solidarity with Namibia
Authors: Pálfi László
Published: December 2024

As an Eastern Bloc country, the People’s Republic of Hungary was engaged with the issue of international socialist solidarity. Except for the German Democratic Republic, none of the Eastern Bloc countries had a considerable colonial past; hence, their anti-colonial point of view seemed credible for the liberation movements in Africa and Asia.
The Hungarian socialist state approved the activities of the liberation movements ANC, FRELIMO, MPLA, and SWAPO in Southern Africa. The right-wing and white supremacist systems of the Salazarist Portugal, Rhodesia, and the apartheid South Africa were seen as obvious enemies and oppressors who were contributing to the functioning of an exploiting and capitalist system based on the rule of a minority group.
The anti-colonial interests of the socialist Eastern Bloc countries had various other aspects as well. In the liberation of Southern Africa, economic interests played a key role. These countries, especially Angola, South Africa, and Namibia have an incredible abundance of resources. Therefore, the Eastern Bloc countries were involved not only in the wars of liberation, but also in the restoration and rebuilding of structures. This meant a practically new market for goods from Africa in the Eastern Bloc countries, and the export of technology and manufactured goods to Africa from the Eastern Bloc countries.
The Black gold of the Sahara
Authors: Cseh Valentin
Published: December 2024

Until the middle of the 20th century, Africa did not feature prominently as a mining area for crude oil, i.e. black gold. It is true that oil was found in Egypt and French Morocco already in the first half of the century, but this was not significant in world terms. Although there were traces of oil in the area already in ancient times. Two millennia later, in the 1930s, in Algeria and Libya, geologists also found clues indicating that there could be significant oil reserves deep underground. These assumptions were realized only from 1949 onwards. After that, however, the North African states that became independent from the colonial rule had to deal with many difficulties. Among them are the aspirations of the large international oil cartels and the accompanying political projections.
A comparison of the EU and AU in the field of peace and security – partners and rivals?
Authors: Horvath Katalin
Published: December 2024

The intention of this paper is to examine how the European Union and the African Union are developing in parallel as voluntary integration projects, and how they compare with regard to the respective development of their defence policies, Union level military forces and strategies for the future.
The author looks at the EU and AU as peace projects, their efforts regarding crisis  management and territorial defence, the structures they use to further their integration, and also cooperation with each other. Remarkable parallel processes and also problems are found with respect to the financing, generation and use of forces. The paper compares the standby forces of the two organisations, namely the Battlegroups and the Rapid Deployment Capacity (RDC) in the EU, and the African Standby Force (ASF) in Africa.
The author assesses the priorities, strategies, levels of ambition of the EU and the AU, taking into account their geopolitical situations, military alliance membership, and their potential regarding their size, population, resources, amounting to advantages and disadvantages with regard to reaching potential great power status in the future.
According to the author’s assessment, the topic of cooperation and/or rivalry between the European Union and the African Union is a topic to watch, as the two continents come from very different histories but develop in remarkably similar ways, which might point to structural patterns working at deep levels.
Change after 30 Years? Evaluation of the General Election in South Africa
Authors: Pálfi László
Published: December 2024

The South African people elected a new parliament and new provincial legislation on 29 May 2024. The election seemed to be a historical one: Mandela’s party, the ANC, is less and less able to attract South African voters. Firstly, the municipal election of 2021 showed decreased support (less than 50 per cent) for South Africa’s dominant party, secondly, the cooperation of liberal and right-wing parties earned the attention from the voters. Finally, former head of state, Jacob Zuma, made his comeback.
          This unusual situation made the dethronisation of ANC possible. However, after 29 May, neither the ANC, nor the MPC (Action SA, ACDC, DA, IFP, FFP), nor the far-left opposition – EFF and MK – could not achieve majority in the National Assembly. A Coalition is needed, otherwise, South Africa will not be able to work.
          My article makes an effort to explain the context and outcome of this current general election. A normative analysis of programs and goals. South Africa’s economic and social state suffers from a serious level of inefficiency that can be turned into success by decentralisation of public administration, reform cultural and linguistic rights, the exploitiation of the competitive advantage of South Africa’s provinces.
Book Review of “Negotiating with the Devil Inside the World of Armed Conflict Mediation” Edited Pierre Hazan with the Collaboration of Emmanuelle Hazan
Authors: Kállai Krisztina
Published: December 2024

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Book Review of “Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire” Edited by Montgomery McFate
Authors: Sztankai Krisztián
Published: December 2024

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Gendered Analysis of the Wave of Coups and Terrorism in the Sahel
Authors: Olaitan Zainab
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of coups and terrorism in the Sahel raises serious human security concerns due to their devastating impact on socio-economic stability, state fragility, democratisation, etc. The current wave of coups and terrorism opens up avenues for asking questions about the progress of democratisation in Africa, issues of human security, protection of human rights, and, more specifically, how the prevalence of violence affects women’s lives. Hence, it is imperative to interrogate the resultant impact that the prevalence of coups has on the protection of women’s rights in the region. Therefore, this paper examines the gendered implications of the prevalence of coups and terrorism in the Sahel region. Using Nigeria and Burkina Faso as case studies, it argues for a gendered understanding of the differential impact that the increasing rate of terrorism, military coups, and worsening state fragility have on women, as well as their corresponding effects. This is in face of the prolonged Boko Haram insurgency in North-eastern Nigeria that has led to massive loss of lives, intense political instability with over 300 schoolgirls having been kidnapped till date and the September 2022 military coup led by Captain Ibrahim Traore in Burkina Faso that suspended the constitution with no progress for democratisation in sight. The paper employs a qualitative methodology and a thematic analytical framework to interrogate the gendered implications of coups and terrorism on women. It finds that a gendered analysis of coups and terrorism in the Sahel enables relevant bodies to implement preventive or mitigating measures aimed at managing hostilities, safeguarding human security, and promoting gender equality.
The security situation of Sahel countries. A Test of African Military Politics.
Authors: Besenyo Janos
Published: December 2024

Book review about the African Military Politics in Sahel
Relevance of state-building in the 2020s and the case of Africa
Authors: Péter Rada , Alex Pongrácz
Published: December 2024

The study examines the relevance of state-building in the 2020s within the framework of International Relations (IR) theories, with a focus on the Liberal World Order (LWO). Rooted in liberal ideology, the theory of state-building asserts that adherence to universally accepted norms and regulations by sovereign states best achieves global security. We explore the concept of ‘offensive liberalism’, emphasising the proactive role of stable states in enforcing these norms in regions where state capacity is lacking. The paper revisits the literature on state-building and the international system, noting a decline in scholarly focus over the past fifteen years. However, contemporary conflicts such as the war in Ukraine have brought state-building back to the forefront of global political discourse. The study underscores the importance of state-building in maintaining the stability and security of the LWO and emphasises the need for comprehensive reconstruction efforts in war-torn regions. It argues for the continued relevance of state-building in maintaining the LWO, particularly in regions facing instability. It calls for flexible, context-aware strategies that prioritise local engagement and regional cooperation to address Africa’s unique socio-political landscape’s challenges and opportunities.
Revisión Constitucional, democracia representativa y Derechos Humanos
Authors: Moreno Diego
Published: December 2024

El Poder Judicial se sitúa en el núcleo de los sistemas democráticos por ser el garante de la protección de los derechos y libertades fundamentales y fungir como un contrapeso que delimite las acciones tanto del Poder Legislativo como del Ejecutivo para asegurar el equilibrio institucional. Una de las principales características del Poder Judicial es su capacidad para ejercer funciones constitucionales. La justicia constitucional es un medio para salvaguardar la supremacía de la Constitución, para garantizar que
no haya norma o acto gubernamental que se oponga a los principios y reglas de la ley fundamental. Este papel es crucial para las democracias, ya que garantiza el sistema de controles entre los poderes del Estado.
En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis histórico del diseño institucional de nuestra Suprema Corte de Justicia, el modelo de justicia constitucional adoptado y las garantías del ejercicio de la función judicial, para explicar las posibles causas del comportamiento ambivalente de la Corte en materia en algunos casos emblemáticos de nuestro pasado reciente.
Entre posts y encuestas, una mirada sobre la percepción ciudadana acerca de los migrantes y los derechos humanos
Authors: Neiva de Sousa Laís Cristina
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo abordar la temática de la migración internacional y los Derechos Humanos relacionados con ella, a partir de encuestas de opinión pública de los ciudadanos de América Latina y el Caribe, con la finalidad de comprender los procesos migratorios que ocurrieron en la región entre el período de 2017 y 2023. Para ello, se buscó analizar los datos publicados por el Laboratorio de Percepción Ciudadana y Migración del BID derivados de una investigación desarrollada sobre el tema, buscando dialogarlos con otras fuentes. El problema expuesto fue verificado a través de una investigación cuali-cuantitativa, aplicada, descriptiva y apoyada en el método deductivo de análisis de la información recopilada. Al final, se concluyó que a nivel general entre los países hubo un aumento de la discriminación y la xenofobia hacia los migrantes internacionales, y que es urgente adoptar políticas públicas que promuevan el respeto a los derechos humanos.
El derecho a la vivienda y su relación con el derecho a la cultura
Authors: Rizzo Guido
Published: December 2024

La temática del siguiente artículo será relacionar el derecho a la vivienda consagrado en el artículo 45 de la Constitución de la República, con el artículo 27.1 de la Declaración de los Derechos Humanos, que consagra entre otros derechos el derecho a la cultura. Además, por ese cometido, se analizará el problema de la cultura arquitectónica uruguaya, los requisitos mínimos que deben tener las viviendas para considerarse adecuadas según la normativa vigente tanto a nivel nacional como departamental en el caso de la capital y, por último, se buscará interpretar el artículo 45 de la Constitución de la República teniendo como eje central la protección del acceso a la cultura de los individuos.
Competency-based Human Resource Development Strategy
Authors: Bahri Efri Syamsul , Salsiati
Published: December 2024

Human resources are the key to a nation's prosperity. This study aims to describe the strategy for developing human resources based on competency and how to overcome the gap in developing human resources based on competency. This study uses a qualitative method, exploring phenomena related to developing human resources based on competency. Qualitative methods also aim to understand individuals' or groups' meanings, views, or experiences and the context behind the phenomenon being studied. This study also uses a descriptive approach and a literature study. The results of this study indicate that there are eight steps in formulating a strategy for developing human resources based on competency: identification of organizational core competencies, competency gap analysis, human resource development planning, implementation of training and development programs, competency-based performance assessment and evaluation, talent management and succession planning, utilization of technology in competency development, and a culture of continuous learning. Furthermore, the results of this study also obtained eight strategies to overcome the gap in developing human resources based on competency: competency gap analysis, training and development programs, competency-based career development, use of technology and competency management systems, periodic evaluation and feedback, a culture of continuous learning, awards, and incentives, cooperation with educational institutions. The government can use the competency-based human resource development model to realize the Golden Indonesia Generation 2024.
Lessons Learned Programmes for Effective Knowledge Management in Nuclear Organizations
Authors:   International Atomic Energy Agency
Published: December 2024

This publication provides guidance on developing an effective lessons learned programme to enhance the strategic knowledge management initiatives of nuclear facilities and organizations. Both positive and negative experiences provide opportunities for organizations to learn and improve: the experience gained from individuals and teams, through the conduct of business, events or incidents (both consequential and non-consequential), as well as industry experience. This publication includes case studies from different types of nuclear organizations and supports the development of good practices and successful approaches to lessons learned.
The Effects of Global Economic Policy Uncertainties on Manufacturing Industry Exports: The Case of Türkiye
Authors: Akpiliç Ferdi , Aslan Çağlayan , Bulut Erdem
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the relationship between Türkiye’s manufacturing industry exports and global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) is examined using monthly data from 2013:01 to 2023:12. Estimations performed using the ARDL approach indicate that GEPU does not significantly affect manufacturing industry exports in Türkiye. This finding suggests that Turkish manufacturing industry exporters maintain stable and long-term trade relations. Consistent with expectations, foreign demand positively influences exports, while the appreciation of the Turkish Lira has a negative impact. To enhance manufacturing industry exports, it is recommended to strengthen commercial and diplomatic ties, enhance international cooperation, mitigate exchange rate risks through expanded hedging mechanisms, and invest in human capital and technology.
Iniciação científica e a interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Luzzi Marta , Staconi João Paulo
Published: December 2024

Este estudo objetivou evidenciar a formação do jovem pesquisador via experiências obtidas da iniciação científica, baseando-se nos princípios e fundamentos da interdisciplinaridade a fim de contribuir com propostas fortalecedoras do contexto escolar do Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI) e iniciação científica no Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, campus Campo Grande. Além da pesquisa qualitativa e estudo da ementa dos cursos de Eletrotécnica, de Mecânica e de Informática do EMI, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, individual e pré-agendada, aplicada a 5 estudantes bolsistas indicados pelos professores orientadores de diferentes projetos de pesquisa desenvolvidos nos referidos cursos. A metodologia repousa-se na análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2020) em conformidade com as questões de interdisciplinaridade de Fazenda (2013), que evidenciam as ações de um consolidado processo de ensino-aprendizagem tendo como princípio o protagonismo juvenil. Dos resultados, colheu-se que a participação do estudante em grupo de pesquisa, a proposta feita pelo professor, a divisão dos trabalhos no grupo, os conteúdos aprendidos em sala e a interligação das disciplinas em conjunto com o conceito interdisciplinar operam como base para o desenvolvimento de um ensino unido a pesquisa em um viés de práticas interdisciplinares.
Distribuição dos professores temporários em municípios de até 50 mil habitantes (2011-2020)
Authors: Sousa Herilene Chaves de , Feldman Ariel
Published: December 2024

Este estudo investiga a presença de professores temporários em redes municipais paraenses com até 50 mil habitantes, entre 2011 e 2020. Utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, foram analisados dados extraídos de plataformas abertas, como o Censo Escolar do INEP, o Laboratório de Dados Educacionais da UFPR e o Censo Brasileiro (IBGE). Os dados dos professores temporários foram tratados com aplicação de parâmetros estatísticos como a média, a mediana e desvio padrão. Os resultados indicam que a média de professores temporários ultrapassam os 38%. Em relação aos valores da amplitude, todos os municípios analisados exibem percentuais acima dos 30%. Portanto, os dados confirmam que os municípios paraenses, apresentam um quadro percentual de descumprimento da legislação sobre a admissão dos professores temporários.
Eksistensi Braga Permai Sebagai Salah Satu Ikon Kuliner Kota Bandung
Authors: Suminar Retna , Efendi Fadilah Intan , Nuriyati Rifa , Putri Syofianna , Hermansyah
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore the history and local wisdom related to Braga Permai, to its transformation from Maison Bogerijen to Braga Permai. The method used in this study is qualitative based on the data from the results of observations made to observe directly and the dynamics that occur in the field. As well as using literature studies to help researchers to understand existing theories by involving summarizing and analyzing information from various written sources, such as books, journal articles, and other relevant documents. With this qualitative approach, it is hoped that the research can produce more holistic and contextual findings, as well as make a meaningful contribution to the understanding of the phenomenon that Maison Bogerijen is being researched by Leendert van Bogerijen in 1918, which was originally the resting place of the French king and a gathering place for Dutch East Indies officials. The colonial era influenced various aspects of life, including culinary, with one of its culinary legacies being Braga Permai in Bandung. The restaurant retains elements of history, grand architecture, and a typical European menu, while adapting to the local culture by adding local menus and services. Its main attractions include its famous bread, bitterballen, tongue steak, and lamb chop.  The staff at maison bogerijen is known to be very responsive to visitors' requests and queries, many visitors report that this friendly service enhances their dining experience, making for enthusiasm and good knowledge. Its popularity is supported by word-of-mouth promotion and social media influence. Braga Permai emphasizes inclusivity, accepting customers from various walks of life, and maintaining original recipes.  With a commitment to maintaining cultural values and service quality, Braga Permai remains the main culinary destination in Bandung.
TERMINOLOGIA JURÍDICA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LINGUAGEM SIMPLES NO JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Paixão Ivondeleusa Rodrigues da Silva , Costa Lucimara Alves da Conceição
Published: December 2024

A linguagem jurídica possui expressões e definições próprias que, por vezes, têm origem no latim e no direito romano, dificultado assim, a compreensão do leitor comum, que não compreender as questões e conteúdos judiciais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é discorrer sobre a importância da utilização da linguagem simples no âmbito jurídico como fator de inclusão social. Sendo que para o alcance do objetivo e embasamento esta pesquisa, optou-se pela metodologia da pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza exploratória, reconhecida como uma abordagem qualitativa adequada para o tema em questão. Conclui-se que a implementação da linguagem simples no campo jurídico é imperativa, uma vez que oferece uma série de benefícios à sociedade, incluindo a promoção do conhecimento e o efetivo exercício dos direitos por parte dos cidadãos.
O DIREITO PENAL ECONÔMICO NO BRASIL
Authors: Leal Jorge Luiz dos Santos , Silva dos Santos Jean Carlo
Published: December 2024

O artigo analisa o crime organizado transnacional no contexto da globalização. A investigação tem como objetivos: definir o crime organizado e suas implicações para o Brasil e o mundo; discutir a relação entre globalização, capitalismo e crime organizado; explorar como a globalização contribui para o aumento da criminalidade organizada transnacional no Brasil; criticar a ineficácia da sistematização do direito penal econômico no país; identificar as ações preventivas do direito penal econômico brasileiro; analisar a aplicação normativa brasileira em face do crime transnacional; e verificar a adaptação do estado brasileiro diante da expansão do crime organizado transnacional. Utilizando como base teórica obras de doutrinadores, jurisprudências e artigos especializados, a pesquisa adotou os métodos bibliográfico, exegético-jurídico e coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa documental. Os resultados apontam para a relevância do tema, que é central nas discussões contemporâneas e na atividade legislativa. Através da pesquisa, confirmaram-se tanto o questionamento — se o Brasil pode contribuir efetivamente no combate ao crime organizado em nível nacional e internacional — quanto a hipótese de que por meio da ratificação de tratados e convenções internacionais e da implementação de normas, bem como a adequação tecnológica e integração nos órgãos de fiscalização podem auxiliar o enfrentamento do crime organizado transnacional.