bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre venenos e antídotos: Agamben e a crítica do regime estético da obra de arte
Authors: Iannini Gilson
Published: January 2020

Este artigo é um comentário crítico do texto "Da estética ao terrorismo: Agamben, entre Nietzsche e Heidegger", de Cláudio Oliveira.
A vanguarda modernista brasileira
Authors: Duarte Pedro
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio é expor o caráter de vanguarda do Modernismo no Brasil, tendo em vista a sua afinidade com os outros movimentos desse tipo no mundo e a singularidade do caso nacional. Projeto estético e cultural, o Modernismo não só criticou estilos artísticos anteriores, mas buscou redescobrir o país e dar a ele novos traços, o que nem sempre foi possível alcançar. Nesse sentido, o intuito do ensaio é analisar algumas conquistas e alguns impasses da primeira vanguarda do Brasil.
Paradoxos do modernismo brasileiro
Authors: Hussak Pedro
Published: January 2020

Trata-se de um comentário ao texto “A Vanguarda Modernista Brasileira” de Pedro Duarte de Andrade. Busca-se um diálogo no sentido de reforçar e tornar ainda mais visíveis certos paradoxos apontados pelo autor no que se refere à relação entre as vanguardas históricas europeias e o modernismo brasileiro dos anos 1920.
Questões sobre A medida, de Brecht
Authors: Gatti Luciano
Published: January 2020

O texto discute a peça "A medida", de Bertolt Brecht, a partir de uma análise da forma da peça de aprendizagem, bem como de sua polêmica recepção. Apresenta-se o conceito de “refuncionalização” como estratégia político-artística inerente à tal forma de espetáculo, para então debater a atualidade da peça, bem como a relevância dos textos de Walter Benjamin para os estudos sobre Brecht.
Brecht e Benjamin: peça de aprendizagem e ordenamento experimental
Authors: Gagnebin Jeanne-Marie
Published: January 2020

A partir de uma breve definição das condições de possibilidade do “Lehrstück” (peça de aprendizagem) brechtiano, são apresentados os conceitos de exercício (“Übung”), de ordenamento experimental (“Versuchsanordnung”) e de espaço de jogo (“Spielraum”) na teoria do teatro épico de Walter Benjamin, conceitos essenciais para sua tentativa de reformulação de uma estética materialista contemporânea.
Do anti-ilusionismo brechtiano ao anti-ilusionismo acadêmico: a filosofia como um exercício de postura
Authors: Pessoa Patrick
Published: January 2020

O texto discute a atualidade das peças de aprendizagem de Brecht, mostrando como alguns dos princípios formais dessas peças são fundamentais para a compreensão do teatro contemporâneo, notadamente daquele praticado pela Cia. dos Atores, com sede no Rio de Janeiro. O texto também discute a importância do anti-ilusionismo brechtiano para a produção acadêmica na área de filosofia.
Variações sobre o tema da modernidade
Authors: Figueiredo Virginia
Published: January 2020

O principal objetivo do presente trabalho é comentar o texto, também publicado neste número da Revista, « Altermodernidade Brasileira » de Luiz Camillo Osório. Tentando acompanhar, de modo assumidamente superficial, a história do conceito de Modernidade, desde sua origem na “Antigüidade platônica”, como afirmou Henrique de Lima Vaz, até a nossa contemporaneidade, com a famosa polêmica que dividiu, de um lado, os “Modernos” (Jürgen Habermas) e, de outro, os “Pós-modernos” (Jean-François Lyotard), passando pela Querela dos Antigos e Modernos, pretende-se problematizar a permanência na contemporaneidade, não só filosófica como artística, do conceito de modernidade.
Do tradicional ao indiciário, e depois: Uma narrativa contemporânea brasileira
Authors: Barros Oliveira Bernardo
Published: January 2020

Partindo do conceito de “narrativa indiciária”, inspirada no de “paradigma indiciário”, de Carlo Ginzburg, e em observações de Walter Benjamin sobre narrativa, este artigo procura caracterizar um gênero moderno, o romance policial, e localizar, com referência a este, um exemplo contemporâneo e brasileiro, o romance Mongólia, de Bernardo Carvalho.
Narrar e saber: perguntas em torno da relação entre literatura e ciências
Authors: Vieira da Silva Cíntia
Published: January 2020

A noção de paradigma indiciário, criada por Carlo Ginzburg, reúne espécies de discurso distintas em um gênero comum em função do papel da narrativa em tais discursos científicos e literários. Diante de tal perspectiva, surgem algumas indagações, que o presente texto procura equacionar. Se narrativas históricas, literárias, psicanalíticas, paleontológicas, e assim por diante, operam segundo o paradigma indiciário, não caberia insistir no que permite distinguir tais formas narrativas? O paradigma indiciário favorece o estabelecimento de relações não hierárquicas entre literatura e ciências? Por fim, será que tal paradigma seria enriquecido caso, às virtudes da caça, pudesse acrescentar aquelas da coleta?
O primeiro narrador: uma reflexão sobre “Mongólia”, de Bernardo Carvalho
Authors: Caldas Pedro
Published: January 2020

A partir do texto apresentado por Bernardo Oliveira, este breve texto procura compreender o romance Mongólia, de Bernardo Carvalho, como uma encenação da decisão tardia de narrar uma história e escrever, levando-se em consideração que o narrador de Mongólia, mesmo finalmente realizando seu projeto sempre adiado de escrita, não vê sua própria história como literatura.
Questões de origem sobre o gosto
Authors: Damião Carla
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta questões de origem na formação da estética no século XVIII. Essas questões dizem respeito ao gosto ou constituição do juízo estético com base na experiência que reúne a sensibilidade e o intelecto. O “gosto mental”, no entanto, parte de uma discussão no âmbito da moral e se relaciona estreitamente com a epistemologia do empirismo nascente. O propósito deste artigo é recuperar elementos dessa discussão para fomentar uma recuperação do sentido de estética como percepção.
Leitores de Saer
Authors: Marcos Pereira Antonio
Published: January 2020

A partir de um incidente ocorrido em um evento em torno do trabalho de Juan José Saer, exploro duas situações nas quais a leitura é tematizada explicitamente em seu trabalho, uma extraída de um conto e outra de um ensaio. Lanço mão de tais situações para explorar as relações entre a leitura e o jogo literário, comentando de saída uma questão ligada à micropolítica da enunciação na crítica contemporânea.
Metamorfoses nas vanguardas: entre o homem e o animal
Authors: Klein Kelvin
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho investiga a relação que se estabeleceu entre o homem e o animal no pensamento das vanguardas européias no início do século XX, principalmente o surrealismo, além de considerar uma parte de suas bases históricas e de suas sobrevivências na contemporaneidade. Partindo do caso de Édipo e da Esfinge, e das diferentes percepções críticas que gerou (desde Freud até Jacques Lacan e Giorgio Agamben), este trabalho reflete sobre as estratégias de afirmação do discurso da razão e da verdade na cultura ocidental, alcançando, com isso, o projeto de revistas de vanguarda como Acéphale e Minotaure. A categoria de metamorfose, na articulação com outros casos, é utilizada para considerar as implicações críticas do questionamento das fronteiras entre o homem e sua animalidade.
Literatura marginal americana: do épico confessional ao niilismo erótico
Authors: Esteves Lainister de O.
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a prosa ficcional norte americana do século XX se define a partir de um modelo de herói marginal. Autores como Henry Miller; Jack Kerouac e Charles Bukowski dramatizam um tipo de heroísmo baseado na representação de temas como liberdade e redenção que permite pensar como determinados textos se encontram na configuração de uma suposta linhagem literária.
Lamento de um artista: Doutor Fausto e a cultura alemã
Authors: Bretas Aléxia
Published: January 2020

Este texto pretende rever a obra Doutor Fausto, de Thomas Mann, à luz de sua relação inextrincável com a história, a cultura e o pensamento alemão, aqui representado por alguns de seus maiores ícones – como é o caso de Goethe e Dürer, por exemplo. Trata-se não apenas de oferecer uma leitura filosoficamente informada de um dos grandes clássicos da literatura universal, mas, sobretudo, de iluminar a via de mão dupla aberta entre as artes e a reflexão sobre elas, através do consórcio mediado entre as dimensões da literatura, da música e da estética. Para isso, a apropriação das ideias de Kierkegaard, Nietzsche e Adorno no âmago mesmo de sua forma artística desempenha um papel de suma importância em sua recepção crítica.
A bela alma e a estética goethiana do símbolo
Authors: Maas Wilma Patrícia
Published: January 2020

Pretende-se acompanhar o desenvolvimento do pensamento estético de Goethe entre os anos de 1780 e 1790 paralelamente a sua expressão no livro VI do romance Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister (1795-1796), no qual se narra a trajetória da Bela Alma em direção ao progressivo abandono dos símbolos religiosos como suporte sensível da fé. Entende-se que a convivência de Goethe com Karl Philipp Moritz foi decisiva para a concepção dos ensaios “Sobre os objetos das artes plásticas” (1797) e “Imitação simples, maneira, estilo” (1789), fundamentais para a constituição do pensamento estético de Goethe à época.
Elogio da Loucura por Campos de Carvalho
Authors: Buarque Luisa
Published: January 2020

Em 1972, o autor Campos de Carvalho publica uma série de crônicas no Pasquim, reunidas e lançadas em um pequeno livro, trinta anos mais tarde. Em uma delas, apresenta-se uma espécie de dialética da loucura e da normalidade que, de alguma forma, pode ser aproximada de certas ideias contidas tanto em O Mito de Sísifo, de Camus, quanto em O Nascimento da Tragédia, de Nietzsche. O presente artigo propõe uma interpretação dessa crônica literária, sob a luz das referidas filosofias.
Amós Oz e Anton Tchekhov: genealogia de uma poética
Authors: Naves Franco Gustavo
Published: January 2020

O artigo apresenta uma breve análise crítica da obra do escritor israelense Amós Oz, com ênfase para as condições de emergência de uma poética singular no interior de seus romances, articulando determinados aspectos sócio-históricos da trajetória do autor com a importância da leitura da obra do escritor russo Anton Tchekhov para a configuração de seu trabalho. Pretende-se compreender, com o estudo do caso, algumas razões da relevância de Tchekhov para a literatura do período pós-utópico do final do século XX; e, ao mesmo tempo, identificar a originalidade da voz poética de Amós Oz como veículo de sentimentos e formas artísticas particulares de seu tempo.
Social Responsibility of PT Asam Jawa to the Impacted Community as a Social Conflict Management Strategy
Authors: Harahap Rahma Hayati , * Afrizal , * Azwar
Published: January 2020

One important issue in the expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is the massive escalative conflict between plantation companies and affected communities. This article discusses the conflict management by an oil palm plantation company, PT Asam Jawa. Using Lewis Coser's safety valve theory, this article presents the analysis of research about the impacts of the CSR program implemented by PT Asam Jawa on the dynamics of conflict between affected people and the company. The question answered is whether the application of CSR can be an alternative effort to manage conflicts between PT Asam Java and people affected, happening since the company started its operations. The results showed that although PT Asam Jawa implemented an extensive CSR program, the CSR program carried out by PT Asam Jawa did not function as a safety valve, because the people who were in conflict with companies related to the land used by PT Asam Jawa  were excluded by the company as recipients of CSR funds.
Conflict Accommodation Ideas Based on Custom Institutions Siram Sopi in Gold Mining Area of Romang Island, Indonesia
Authors: Pakniany Yamres , Patty Febby Nancy
Published: January 2020

Conflict over natural resources in mining areas often has impacts on social relations between communities, including that in the gold mining area in Romang Island. The conflict in this area involves various actors. This research was conducted with the aim to find out the accommodation efforts made in reconciling the actors. This research used qualitative methods by observation and interviews, while data analysis was carried out using interactive models. The results showed that conflict accommodation is a process undertaken to reconcile conflicting actors. The sopi flush deed is one of the customary deeds which is usually practiced to reconcile conflicting actors. The sopi flush deed functions to reconcile the conflicting actors in the gold mining area in Romang Island, Southwest Maluku Regency, Indonesia.
INTERVENTION PROGRAMS IN THE MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROSYSTEM
Authors: Grażyna Ancyparowicz
Published: January 2020

This article presents the underlying legal and economic bases of so-called quantitative easing (QE) in the monetary policy of the Eurosystem. Large asset purchase programs and other intervention purchases of securities are discussed, and the risks of such policies for the long-term stability of the financial system are also addressed. It is noted that the non-standard financial instruments which are used in the Eurozone require close monitoring by Polish government financial institutions. This would help Poland access the full range of financial instruments that could be used to neutralize any unfavorable developments in the national financial sector and in the Polish economy which might occur in a global economic crisis. The research is based on analysis of European Central Bank documents and analytical studies of the Polish National Bank concerning non-standard instruments of financial policy.
ASSESSMENT OF GREENING IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC GOODS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the concept of providing environmental public goods through agriculture. The theoretical goal of the discussion was to present the concept of greening under the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. This concept was developed on the basis of available literature and from EU and Polish documents. The concrete goal is to assess greening instruments in terms of their implementation and compliance by farmers. A review of the available literature on the subject allows the assumption that the greening instrument implemented under the CAP has contributed to an intensification of activities by farmers in the field of environmental protection. The article was prepared based on source materials, monographs and scientific articles as well as Eurostat data. The article also presents the results of Eurobarometer surveys that show the expectations of EU citizens towards the European Union's CAP in the field of environmental and climate protection. Results of surveys have shown that on the one hand, the European Union should be responsible for ensuring healthy and safe food products for consumers, while on the other hand the goal of the Common Agricultural Policy should be to ensure an appropriate standard of living for farmers.
PROACTIVE PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR AND THEIR RELATIONS IN SIMPLE SATISFACTION MODEL
Authors: Grzegorz Biesok  , Jolanta Wyród-Wróbel
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the paper was to verify how proactive shopping behaviours, as declared by the respondents, affect the relationship between expectations, perceived quality and customer satisfaction within a simple satisfaction model. The subject of research was supermarket customers. The authors of the article assumed ten proactive shopping behaviours and then built and verified a satisfaction model in the groups of respondents declaring, or not declaring, the given behaviour. The main conclusions resulting from the analysis is that satisfaction with purchases is more determined by the perceived quality in the case of customers who declare frequent purchases of products that improve the standard of living, consistency in purchasing perceived products and rapidity of purchasing decisions.
MOTIVES FOR SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF VALUE CREATION FACTORS: RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors: Joanna Błach  , Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of an empirical study on the relationship between a company’s CSR activities and its performance. Most previous empirical investigations were focused on the interdependencies between CSR activity and metrics of value creation. However, this study adopted a different approach to the problem. Using the data obtained in the questionnaire, the study examined the relationship between CSR activity (its frequency) and the relevance of the benefits of responsible activities that directly or indirectly influence the value creation process. The main purpose was to verify the hypothesis that there are statistically significant interdependencies between companies’ CSR activities and the given benefits of responsible activities as value drivers. The result has shown that companies which are more involved in CSR activities (more regularly) tend to rank higher the benefits of CSR activities that are relevant value drivers
THE ROLE OF WEBSITES IN COMMUNICATING CSR POLICY BY PUBLIC COMPANIES LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Tomasz Dąbrowski
Published: January 2020

Companies, by engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, can generate favorable stakeholder behaviors and build up their corporate reputations. On the other hand, stakeholders’ low awareness of these activities, and their lack of confidence in corporations, create major obstacles in gaining maximum benefits for these companies. This gives rise to a need for effective CSR communication. The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to identify how companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange use their websites to communicate CSR activities. The research was based on the analysis of company documents. The main results show that company size was the most important factor differentiating CSR communication.
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING AUDIT AS STRATEGIC CONTROL
Authors: Piotr Hadrian
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the problems of marketing control, understood as a function which tops the management cycle. The immediate aim of this article is to present the results of research on the use of marketing audit as a form of strategic marketing control, in particular, the indicated factors that affect the limitation of its use. Considerations on the theoretical aspect, as well as the analysis of empirical material of a secondary and primary nature, were conducted using the literature studies method and qualitative research methods. I presented the results of several studies directly devoted to the problems of implementing marketing audit against the background of analyzing the place of audit in the structure of marketing control. The research, although conducted at different times, in different markets and using different methods, undertook similar research topics, which allows, to some extent, a qualitative comparative analysis of their results. The presented results show that the degree of the use of marketing audit in economic practice still should be assessed as weak. Limiting factors for the use of marketing audit in enterprises include, first and foremost: restricting access to information necessary in the process of auditing, unawareness of the benefits resulting from the implementation of marketing audit, the unclear nature of marketing activities undertaken, and the fear of excessive organizational and financial burden.
BANK EFFICIENCY AND CONCENTRATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE CEE COUNTRIES
Authors: Sylwester Kozak  , Agata Wierzbowska
Published: January 2020

The relationship between the structure of the banking market and efficiency of banks has been a subject of many studies for several decades. There is no uniform opinion on the correlation between these variables. The goal of the research is to investigate this relationship for 96 banks operating in eleven CEE countries in the years of 2005-2017. Bank efficiency scores are assessed with the SFA method and regressed with bank and macroeconomic characteristics. The results show that the efficiency of banks is positively affected by the concentration of the market on which they operate, as well as by the size of individual banks. This relationship is valid for all examined countries. Additionally, bank efficiency is positively impacted by improving the banking system. On the other hand, the GDP per capita, inflation rate and bank capital ratio are not conducive to bank efficiency.
TRENDS IN Y GENERATION’S BEHAVIOUR ON THE FOOD MARKET
Authors: Barbara Kucharska  , Mirosława Malinowska
Published: January 2020

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja zachowań pokolenia Y na rynku żywności kontekście dominujących trendów konsumenckich. Realizacji celu artykułu posłużyły studia literaturowe, informacje pochodzące z czasopism branżowych oraz badania bezpośrednie przeprowadzone przez autorów artykułu. Rozpoznania trendów konsumenckich dokonano na podstawie wtórnych źródeł informacji, wykorzystując również raport Top 10 Global Consumer Trends 2019 Euromonitor International. Raport stał się także inspiracją do podjęcia badań bezpośrednich, które zostały zrealizowane techniką ankiety audytoryjnej wśród przedstawicieli pokolenia Y. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań i analiz wskazują, że pokolenie Y określane jako „mniam” to niezwykle ważny podmiot na rynku żywności – duży liczebnie, młody, innowacyjny, aktywny, szybki, wymagający, wyjątkowy oraz bardzo ważny dla podmiotów podaży na rynku żywności. To zachowania tej grupy konsumentów wyznaczają współczesne trendy na rynku i konieczność podejmowania działań zgodnych z tymi trendami w zakresie oferty, jej dostępności, a także różnorodności oraz ceny.
STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARD THE USE OF CHATBOTS IN CUSTOMER SERVICE
Authors: Iwona Lupa-Wójcik
Published: January 2020

The article addresses an important and current problem related to the use of chatbots in customer service, according to students. The aim of the research was to recognize the attitude of respondents to chatbots in the context of customer service and to determine the development prospects for their use in this area. The research examined the recognizability of chatbots among respondents, the frequency of contact between respondents and chatbots, as well as the impression (feeling) of respondents using chatbots. As a research method, student survey was used. Research has shown that chatbots are still a new tool for respondents, however they have great potential in customer service, as they are user-friendly and are very useful in the area of customer service. Research has shown that the role of chatbots in this area should increase. This can have a good effect on the image of the brand / company.
NEW TRENDS IN CONSUMPTION ON THE COFFEE MARKET
Authors: Grzegorz Maciejewski  , Sylwia Mokrysz
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is to present trends in consumption, which currently affect or will affect the behaviour of coffee consumers in the next 2-5 years. The article is written in the form of theoretical considerations supported by an analysis of source materials. It presents the main megatrends, consumer trends and product trends observed on the coffee market. It also describes relations between the aforementioned phenomena and consumer behaviour. The analysis of the collected data made it possible to conclude that the main trends determining consumer behaviour are naturalness and sustainability, health and nutrition, multisensory experience, convenience, digitalisation and individualisation. In order to meet these trends, producers and sellers of coffee will also want to gain an influence on the choices and preferences of coffee consumers by supporting and developing such product trends as: craft coffee time, the ice age is coming, ready to drink coffee, co-branding to dial up indulgence, convenient formats go premium, the rise of super coffee or the world of smart vending machines.
Classification of border subregions of Eastern Poland according to theIR level of socio-economic development
Authors: Iwona Pomianek
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the classification of subregions (NUTS 3) with permanent border crossings, in terms of the level of socio-economic development in 2008-2018. The study covered 9 subregions located in the following provinces: Warminsko-Mazurskie, Podlaskie, Lubelskie and Podkarpackie. Application of Hellwig's measure of development made it possible to group subregions according to three categories of the level of development: high, medium and low. The relatively high level of development characterized two metropolitan subregions: Olsztyński and Białostocki. Łomżyński subregion proved to be the weakest, but it was not completely devoid of any development potential. In comparison with the average values in the designated higher development classes, Łomżyński subregion was characterized by: positive natural increase, low values of indices describing ageing of local society and proportion of investment expenditure of local self-government units at a level similar to the leaders of the ranking. However, there is a concern that the relatively low level of spending of the EU funds and the persistent trend of population migration outflow, due to global trends of population ageing and depopulation of rural areas, may negatively affect the socio-economic situation of the subregion in the future.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF USING DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF REDISTRIBUTIVE PAYMENT – A CASE STUDY OF POLAND
Authors: Adrian Sadłowski
Published: January 2020

The article describes a diagnostic study measuring the degree of concentration of the aid which is currently distributed under the direct support system for farmers in Poland; it also presents the regional differentiation in aid concentration. The author conducted a simulation test quantifying the redistributive effects of applying various variants of an instrument equalising the amounts of support granted to farms. This can make the basis for an ex-ante assessment of alternative options of the implementation of redistributive payment. The research enabled the identification of ranges of the areas of farms which benefit from the current shape of redistributive payment and which may benefit from alternative variants given as examples. The final part of the article contains several recommendations on how to design redistributive payment at a national level, depending on the goals to be achieved with this instrument.
PURCHASE DETERMINANTS OF DURABLE GOODS FOR RESIDENTS OF LARGE CITIES IN POLAND
Authors: Bogdan Sojkin  , Magdalena Ankiel
Published: January 2020

The article presents an analysis of purchase determinants for individual consumers of durable goods in 6 large cities in Poland. The analysis has been based on the outcomes of consumer research carried out in the years 2016 and 2017 at Poznan University of Economics and Business, as well as on other research studies published in Polish publications. The results of the study demonstrate groups of determinants that shape the purchasing decisions of consumers of durable products, as well as their variability in years 2016 and 2017.
RURAL AREAS IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Jacek Strojny  , Wiesław Musiał
Published: January 2020

The study undertakes the problem of identifying, cataloguing, and evaluating rural areas and intermediate areas of European Union countries, for four selected variables which describe: area, share of population, share of employed, and share of gross value added (GVA). Tabular analyses and cluster analysis ware conducted, and the statistical information was differentiated through classification trees. The research revealed multidimensional diversification of rural areas and their meaningful, although diverse, relevance within the economic systems of individual countries. 34,7% of the EU population reside in strictly rural areas, which make up 49,7% of the EU geographic area. The share of employed in rural areas in the EU amounts to 26,7%. Additionally, the contribution of the rural areas to elaborated gross value added adds up to 13%. The taxonomy resulted in the extraction of three groups (clusters), each containing eight countries. According to that comprehensive evaluation of rural areas, Poland is similar to the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Latvia and Germany.
EVALUATION OF TARGET MARKET SEGMENTS FOR ENTERPRISES
Authors: Natalia Wasilewska  , Tatiana Bludova  , Oleksiy Kudenko  , Volodymyr Tokar
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the emergence of new – and the development of existing – factors and segmentation criteria for meeting consumer needs and increasing the efficiency of marketing activities for Ukrainian enterprises under modern market conditions. The object of the research is to analyze the process of development and any increases in the effectiveness of marketing segmentation. The subject of research is the theoretical, methodical and practical provisions of the formation of targeted marketing segmentation for the markets of Ukrainian enterprises. The goal of the research is to evaluate the direction and type of market segmentation that determines future target segments for enterprises and their share of existing markets. We present the characteristics of enterprises that work on market relations for the production and sale of computer devices that provide network connections. Our method was to estimate the direction and type of market segmentation in order to determine the prospective segments for such enterprises and their share of the existing market. In order to evaluate the attractiveness of target segments for Ukrainian enterprises, a survey was conducted to validate customer reactions. The analyzed variables included: the length of time a person uses his/her computer device; the reasons for possible changes and important settings when choosing a computer device; the timeframe for buying a computer device. The results of the questionnaire are separated by gender, social and geographic factors, as well as by family composition and age of respondents, taking into account the stages of their life cycle, as well as their educational level and professions – for three enterprises. Particular attention was paid to the psychographic factors of occupation and social class. The questionnaire also contained a self-assessment section on the psychological qualities of the consumer and on their psychography, which we analyzed. The hypotheses presented by individual factors and the consumer segment, separated by the results of the survey, and the analysis of the respondents' answers, are presented. Confirmation of the hypotheses and isolation of the consumer segment are given.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROSUMPTION ON THE POLISH E-SERVICES MARKET
Authors: Robert Wolny
Published: January 2020

In the information age, the growth of prosumer behavior would not be possible without the development of ICT technologies. The interactivity of contemporary media creates favourable conditions for the development of prosumption (a combination of “production” and “consumption.”) The article presents the problem of the behaviors of e-service consumers and demonstrates the results of a qualitative study which was conducted in 2018. For the purpose of the study, non-participant observation was adopted: conversations on internet forums dedicated to e-services were followed.
IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
Authors: Joanna Wyrobek  , Paul Lane
Published: January 2020

International enterprises (in this paper, international companies are understood as companies that sell their products and services abroad) are precious for the national economy because, through their experience in international sales, they stimulate the development of other companies in the same industry and their subcontractors. The knowledge that these companies have gained on international markets through the spillover effect spreads on their suppliers, as well as through imitation or cooperation on their competitors. Also, international companies (in the meaning: domestic export companies) are often the first to use new technological solutions and product innovations, which contributes to the modernization of products in the entire business sector. Dynamic and robust international companies usually also build networks with entities from different countries in order to cooperate on development, negotiation, and sales, which also encourages similar activities of their competitors. For all these reasons, national governments should take action to help to export companies, or at least monitor the problems that such entities report. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the higher demand for the debt that exists in such enterprises and to discuss the reasons for this. In particular, the purpose of the publication was to verify 2 research hypotheses: H1: Internationalization increases indebtedness of a company measured with the debt to equity ratio, and H2: The scale of internationalization (measured with the share of foreign sales to total sales) is positively related to the level of indebtedness (measured with the debt to equity ratio). For both hypotheses we found no grounds to reject these hypotheses. In the opinion of the authors, the demand for debt from exporters should be monitored, especially in terms of the availability of this form of financing for exporters from the SME sector. The paper used the Arellano-Bond model and data downloaded from the Orbis database for years 2007 – 2017.
Lexikala analyser av muntlig, tangentbordsskriven och dikterad text producerad av barn med stavningssvårigheter
Authors: Kraft Sanna , Thurfjell Fredrik , Rack John , Wengelin Åsa
Published: January 2020

För barn med stavningssvårigheter är skriftspråkande en stor utmaning och behovet att hitta nya redskap för att understödja deras skriftspråksutveckling är därför stort. Att skriva med taligenkänning, diktering, skulle kunna underlätta skrivprocessen eftersom dikteringsverktyget reducerar kraven på skribenten att stava själv, och detta skulle därmed kunna frigöra kognitiva resurser till annan textbearbetning. Att diktera text innebär emellertid inte med nödvändighet en enklare textproduktion; dels behöver texten följa skriftspråksnormer trots att den produceras muntligt, dels behöver skribenten hitta strategier för att hantera tillfällen när verktyget inte uppfattar talet korrekt. I föreliggande studie undersöks text producerad av barn med stavningssvårigheter. Lexikala egenskaper, textlängd och stavfel studeras i muntlig, skriven och dikterad text. Analyserna visar att de dikterade texterna innehåller färre stavfel än de skrivna samt att både skriven och dikterad text har högre lexikal densitet och högre andel långa ord jämfört med muntlig text. Detta antyder att deltagarna klarar att diktera texter med skriftspråkliga egenskaper. Däremot skiljde sig dikterad text varken från muntlig eller skriven text gällande textlängd eller lexikal diversitet. Vår slutsats är att dikteringsverktyg kan användas för att underlätta skrivprocessen för barn med stavningssvårigheter, men det behövs vidare forskning som studerar hur olika undergrupper producerar text med dikteringsverktyg.
English abstract
Lexical analyses of oral, typed and dictated text produced by children with spelling difficulties
For children with reading and writing difficulties, writing, in general, and spelling, in particular, is a significant challenge. Writing with speech recognition (dictation) can facilitate the writing process since the dictation tool removes the need to spell, freeing resources for other processes. Dictating, however, may not always provide a solution, since written text should follow the conventions of written language, even when produced orally. In addition, writers need strategies if the tool does not recognize the spoken words.In the present study, children with spelling difficulties produced keyboard-written and dictated texts, and an oral account. The analyses showed that dictated texts, as expected, contained fewer spelling errors than keyboard-written texts, and that both of these had a higher lexical density than the oral accounts. This suggests that students are able to dictate using written language conventions. However, the dictated texts did not differ from the oral and keyboard-written texts in terms of length of text and proportion of long words. Our conclusion is that the dictation tool can be used to facilitate the children’s writing process, but further research is needed to see if training in the use of the tool would bring more substantial benefits.
Kartläggning av en nyanländ elevs litteracitet i Sverige
Authors: Vuorenpää Sari , Duek Susanne , Zetterholm Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

Den här studien handlar om en nyanländ elevs möte med svensk skola och kartläggningen av hennes litteracitet. Studien är en deskriptiv fallstudie inspirerad av etnografiska principer med bland annat videoinspelningar av kartläggningssamtal. I de inspelade samtalen deltar en elev, en förälder, tolk samt en kartläggare. Under samtalen ställs en stor mängd frågor men det ges inte mycket tid eller utrymme för utvecklande av svar, fördjupande frågor eller följdfrågor. Eleven ifråga kan tala flera olika språk och har haft såväl franska som arabiska som undervisningsspråk då hon har gått fem år i skola innan hon anlände till Sverige. Elevens tidigare erfarenheter av undervisning i litteracitet tycks vara begränsad till högläsning samt att skriva av text som läraren skriver på tavlan. Det blir därför svårt för henne att förstå frågor som kartläggaren ställer i samband med textläsning och textanalys under kartläggningen. I flera avseenden föreligger relativt stora skillnader mellan elevens tidigare skolerfarenheter och praktiken i skolan som väntar henne i Sverige.
English abstract
Mapping of a newly arrived pupil’s literacy in Sweden 
The focus of this study is a newly arrived pupil’s encounter with Swedish schooling and the mapping of her literacy skills. The study is a descriptive case study inspired by ethnographic principles including video recordings of the mapping conversations. The pupil, one of her parents, an interpreter and a mapper participated in the recorded conversations. During the conversations numerous questions were asked but there was little time or scope given to developing responses or for more in-depth or follow-up questions. The pupil speaks several different languages and has had both French and Arabic as a language of instruction. She has had five years of schooling before arriving in Sweden. Her experiences of education in literacy seem to be restricted to reading aloud and copying the teachers’ text from a blackboard. This is one reason why it is difficult for her to understand the mapper’s questions connected to reading texts and text analysis. It is obvious that there are considerable differences between her previous school experiences and the school that awaits her in Sweden.
An intervention study to prevent ‘summer reading loss’ in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area with second language learners
Authors: Fälth Linda , Nordström Thomas , Andersson Ulrika , Gustafson Stefan
Published: January 2020

Summer reading loss is a documented reality for many students. Research has established differences in the contribution of summer reading activity between children from families with different economic status. In this study, 120 students in Grade 2 and 115 students in Grade 3 from a socioeconomically vulnerable area participated in a summer reading intervention. In addition, a control group from the same schools comprised of 106 students from Grade 2 and 94 students from Grade 3. Almost 90% of the participating students did not have Swedish as their native language. The participants were tested on reading skills, including word decoding, nonsense-word reading, word comprehension and reading comprehension, before and after the summer vacation. The intervention was planned together with teachers from three participant schools and leisure centers. Before the summer holiday the schools arranged reading weeks and library visits. The students were encouraged to read at home during the vacation and record the number of books read on a digital platform. The results showed that the largest effect sizes between groups (intervention and control) were observed for word decoding in Grade 2 and word comprehension in Grade 3 where the intervention group improved more than the control group. If summer learning loss can be avoided or limited, the treatment can be considered worth implementing.
Learning to read using computers: A longitudinal study from grade 1 to grade 3 in four Swedish schools
Authors: Fredriksson Ulf , Rasmusson Maria
Published: January 2020

The article is based on a longitudinal study in a municipality that decided to organise a projectincluding the use of computers and extra remedial education in initial reading and writing instructionfrom the first to the third grade. The study may be regarded as quasi-experimental with 110students in two project schools and 59 students in two control schools. To explore the extent towhich the use of computers in reading instruction made a difference, we followed students in thefour schools from Grade 1 to Grade 3. The students’ language skills were tested regularly withdifferent test instruments. In addition to the tests, the students answered a questionnaire, andteachers and principals were interviewed. It was not possible to conclude that the teaching methodsin the control schools yielded better reading and writing development than the project schools orvice versa. The results were ambiguous, the control schools performed slightly better in one test ingrade 3 and the project schools on another test, when accounting for linguistic awareness in grade1 and other factors.
”Kan man köra en skottkärra med fyrkantigt hjul?” Läs- och skrivutvecklande praktiker i teknikundervisning i förskoleklass
Authors: Alatalo Tarja , Johansson Annie-Maj
Published: January 2020

I den här studien är syftet att utveckla kunskap om läs- och skrivutvecklande sociala praktiker i teknikundervisning i en förskoleklass. Fyra tekniklektioner observerades med fokus på lärarens läs- och skrivutvecklande undervisning. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av Freebodys och Lukes resursmodell som beskriver läs- och skrivkunnighet som en uppsättning sociala praktiker. Dessutom analyseras huruvida läs- och skrivundervisningen är formaliserad, funktionaliserad eller om den är balanserad, det vill säga genomförs i sammanhang där formaliserad och funktionaliserad undervisning är i samspel med varandra. Resultatet visar att teknikundervisningen skapar rikliga möjligheter för elever att medverka i de sociala praktikerna i Freebodys och Lukes modell. Undervisningen är funktionaliserad och läraren undervisar inte explicit om språkets formaspekter eller om hur texters kommunikativa delar samspelar, utan det är oftast underförstått. Studien öppnar för en diskussion om förskoleklassens möjligheter att skapa läs- och skrivundervisning i balanserade sammanhang, för att stödja elevers läs- och skrivutveckling även när undervisningen har fokus på ämnesområden som teknik.
English abstract
“Can you drive a wheelbarrow with a square wheel?” Literacy practices in technology education in preschool class
The purpose in this study is to gain knowledge about literacy instruction by an expanded text concept during technology lessons in a preschool class. Four technology lessons were observed with focus on the teacher’s literacy instruction. Freebody and Luke’s four resources model, that describes literacy learning as a set of social practices, forms the theoretical starting point. Further, we analyze if the literacy instruction is accomplished by formal, functional or by integrated approaches, which means that the literacy instruction is embedded in a meaningful activity and studied in separate and structured contexts. We found that the technology lessons create rich opportunities for the students to participate in the social practices described in Freebody and Luke’s model. The instruction has a functional approach, and the teacher does not teach about the formal aspects of the language or about how communicative parts in text interplay, thus it is mostly implied. The study opens for a discussion about the opportunities for the preschool class to create literacy instruction in integrated contexts to support the students’ literacy development also when the teaching focus is on subject areas as technology.
Att undervisa om berättelseskrivande i årskurs 3 och 4 – med variationsteorin som redskap
Authors: Thorsten Anja
Published: January 2020

Artikeln behandlar hur undervisningen kan möjliggöra att elever i 9–10-årsåldern lär sig skriva berättelser med ett välutvecklat händelseförlopp genom att beskriva vad undervisningen behöver behandla och hur det kan ske. Dataunderlaget består av elevtexter, intervjuer samt filmade lektioner insamlade under en Learning study. Learning study är en metod där verksamma lärare och forskare iterativt undersöker hur ett avgränsat kunnande kan utvecklas. Variationsteorin, där lärande ses som urskiljande av nya aspekter, används som teoretiskt redskap. Begreppet kritiska aspekter används för att beskriva vad eleverna behöver urskilja för att utveckla ett avsett kunnande. Resultatet visar att eleverna behöver urskilja kritiska aspekter inom tre områden: Läsarperspektivet, berättelsens struktur samt den interna logiken i berättelsen. Exempel på en kritisk aspekt är Att urskilja att berättelsen är en fantasiprodukt som ska förstås av andra. När denna och andra aspekter synliggörs i undervisningen visar resultatet att textkontraster och dramatiseringar är framgångsrika redskap för att öka elevernas lärande. Men för att dessa båda metoder ska fungera krävs att läraren utifrån sin kunskap om de kritiska aspekterna skapar övningar och samtal där eleverna får hjälp att rikta fokus mot just dessa aspekter. Resultaten har relevans för verksamma lärare då de ska planera sin undervisning i berättelseskrivande.
English abstract
Teaching story-writing in primary school – Using the analytic tool Variation Theory
This article addresses how teaching can enable 9–10-year-old students to write stories with a well-developed plot. The data consists of interviews, video-recorded lessons and stories written by students, collected during a Learning study. In a Learning study teachers and researchers jointly investigate an object of learning through an iterative process. The study used the theoretical tool Variation Theory, in which learning is considered as the discerning of new aspects. In this theory, the concept critical aspects is used to describe what students need to discern in order to develop a certain ability. The results show that the students need to discern critical aspects in three areas: The perspective of a reader, the structure of a story and the internal logic of the story. One example of a critical aspect is To discern that a story is a product of imagination and that a reader should be able to understand it. The results show that the use of text contrasts and dramatization are powerful tools for supporting the students’ discern about both the above-mentioned aspects and other aspects. To make these two methods work, the teacher needs to be guided by the critical aspects and create tasks and interaction that are oriented towards these specific aspects. This study is relevant for teachers’ planning of how to teach story-writing.