bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Receiving help: Personal connection, relatability, and unconditional support
Authors: Castillo Estrella Verenice
Published: August 2018

I am a first‐generation American and college student, and a nontraditional undergraduate sociocultural anthropology student at the School of General Studies at Columbia University. As an adult student, I have observed the following about what works:
Exploring ideas about isotopic variation in breastfeeding and weaning within and between populations: Case studies from the American midcontinent
Authors: Schurr Mark R.
Published: August 2018

Infant feeding practices are partially constrained by the biological demands of infants and mothers but vary within those constraints based on factors such as subsistence practices, health, class and ethnic variations, and the presence or absence of foods that can be substituted for breastmilk. Over the past 20 years, nitrogen stable isotope ratios have been used to explore infant feeding practices in past populations. Recent studies have moved from normative approaches primarily focused on weaning time to examinations of intrapopulation variation. Juvenile and adult stable nitrogen isotope ratios from five sites in the midcontinental USA spanning almost 5,000 years provide an opportunity to examine the relationships between subsistence practices and social organization to juvenile diets reflected in nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios and how interpretations of juvenile isotopic variability have changed over time. Infant feeding practices were variable in all populations and between roughly contemporary groups with similar ways of life. As reported before, no change in weaning time was seen with the appearance of food production from Late Archaic hunter‐gatherers (Indian Knoll and Carlston Annis sites) to maize agriculturalists (Angel and Tinsley Hill sites), but carbon stable‐isotope ratios show differences in childhood diet and the consumption of supplemental foods by prehistoric maize agriculturalists. Variability at four prehistoric sites was much less than that seen in an early 19th century cemetery (Old Frankfort Cemetery). Although many juveniles at Old Frankfort followed a trajectory of breastfeeding and weaning similar to that seen at the prehistoric sites, there was an unusually large amount of variation in juvenile and adult diets at Old Frankfort Cemetery. Additional studies on early industrial multi‐ethnic frontier populations are needed to better understand the significance of the variation in this type of population.
Star‐shaped hybrid polymers as insulators for organic field effect transistors
Authors: Doganci Erdinc , Uner Ahmet , Canimkurbey Betul , Ozdogan Reyhan , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla
Published: August 2018

Synthesis of star‐shaped polystyrene (PS) and poly (methyl metachrylate) (PMMA) containing a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core are fabricated by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and copper (I) catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction techniques. The synthetic route proceeds in two steps; firstly, clickable alkyne‐end functionalized polymeric arms and a POSS‐(N3)8 core are prepared independently by arm‐first approach using ATRP and nucleophilic substitution reaction of octa‐(3‐chloropropyl) silsesquioxane POSS‐(Cl)8 with sodium azide. Finally, the CuAAC click reactions between inorganic‐organic hybrid core POSS‐(N3)8 and alkyne functionalized PMMA and PS arms provide the targeted star‐shaped polymers. Their chemical structures and molecular characteristics are clearly confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and GPC analyses. The obtained polymers are utilized as insulators for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) using perylene as an active n‐type organic semiconductor. Compared with linear PMMA and PMMA‐POSS, the POSS‐(PMMA)8 exhibited better output and transfer characteristics for the OFET device.
Risk of hospital admission for liver injury in users of NSAIDs and nonoverdose paracetamol: Preliminary results from the EPIHAM study
Authors: Gulmez Sinem Ezgi , Unal Ulku Sur , Lassalle Régis , Chartier Anaïs , Grolleau Adeline , Moore Nicholas
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The SALT study found similar per‐user risks of acute liver failure (ALF) leading to transplantation (ALFT) between NSAIDs and a threefold higher risk in nonoverdose paracetamol (NOP) users. The objective of EPIHAM was to identify the risks of hospital admission for acute liver injury (ALI) associated with NSAIDs and NOP.

Methods

Case‐population study in the 1/97 sample of the French population claims database. Acute liver injury was identified from hospital discharge summaries, from 2009 to 2013. Exposure for cases was dispensing of NSAID or NOP resulting in exposure within 30 days before admission. Population exposure was the number of patients using the drugs over the study timeframe and total number of DDD dispensed.

Results

Of 63 cases of ALI, 13 had been exposed to NSAIDs and 24 to NOP. Events per million DDD (95% CI) ranged from 0.46 (0.09‐1.34) (ketoprofen) to 1.43 (0.04‐7.97) (diclofenac combinations), 0.43 (0.23‐0.73) all NSAIDs combined, 0.58 (0.37‐0.86) for NOP. There was no association with average duration of treatment. Per patient risk ranged from 19.5 (5.31‐49.9) (ibuprofen) per million users to 37.2 (19.8‐63.6) all NSAIDs combined, 58.0 (37.2‐86.3) for NOP. There was a linear relationship between average treatment duration and per‐user risk (R2 = 0.51, P < .05 for NSAIDs, R2 = 0.97, P < .01 for NOP).

Conclusions

Risk of hospital admission for ALI with NSAIDs and NOP was similar and indicative of a dose and duration‐related effect (pharmacological) effect. Acute liver injury rates were not predictive of ALFT risk.
Serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end‐products during acute bronchiolitis in infant: Prospective study in 93 cases
Authors: Egron Carole , Roszyk Laurence , Rochette Emmanuelle , Jabaudon Matthieu , Sapin Vincent , Mulliez Aurélien , Labbé André , Coste Karen
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Acute bronchiolitis is a major cause of acute respiratory distress in infants. The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (sRAGE) is a biomarker of pulmonary damage processes, with a diagnostic and a prognostic value in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The RAGE pathway is also implicated in the pathogenesis of other respiratory diseases like asthma, but the value of sRAGE levels in acute bronchiolitis remains under‐investigated.

Material and methods

A prospective, observational, and analytical study was conducted at Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital. The main objective was to evaluate the correlation between serum sRAGE and clinical severity of bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants aged <1 year. We analyzed correlations between serum sRAGE and Wainwright score, short‐term morbidity attributable to bronchiolitis, causal viruses and risk for recurrent wheezing at 1 year.

Results

The study included 93 infants. sRAGE levels were significantly lower in acute bronchiolitis patients (mean 1101 pg/mL) than in controls (2203 pg/mL, P < 0.001) but did not correlate with clinical severity. No correlation was found between serum sRAGE and severity score, respiratory viruses, and recurrent wheezing at 1 year. Serum sRAGE levels were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.45, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Serum sRAGE levels are decreased in acute bronchiolitis but not correlated with disease severity. sRAGE levels should be age‐adjusted in infants. Serum sRAGE levels measured in the setting of acute bronchiolitis were not predictive of recurrent wheezing.
Resonant Mass Detector Based on Carbon Nanowhiskers with Traps for Nanoobjects Weighing
Authors: Lukashenko Stanislav Y. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Komissarenko Filipp E. , Gorbenko Olga M. , Sapozhnikov Ivan D. , Felshtyn Michael L. , Uskov Alexander V. , Golubok Alexander O.
Published: August 2018

Nano‐mechanical oscillator (NMO) based on amorphous carbon nanowhisker (CNW) with nanotraps for resonant weighting of nanoparticles in range of mass (10−14–10−15) g is presented. NMO with nanotraps is fabricated on the top of tungsten tip using focused electron beam technique. For resonant weighting the gold nanospheres are captured under the exposure of an electron beam by nanotraps locate on the top of CNW. Jump of gold nanoparticle to the nanotrap and oscillations of CNW are visualized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The NMO amplitude‐frequency characteristics are calculated via automated numerical analysis of the sequence of SEM images obtained during the oscillations frequency sweeping. In order to calibrate the resonance mass detector based on CNW with nanotrap the gold nanosphere with diameter of (170 ± 5) nm and mass of (49.6 ± 9.2) × 10−15 g is weighed in vacuum.
Embroidered Metamaterial Antenna for Optimized Performance on Wearable Applications
Authors: Gil Ignacio , Seager Rob , Fernández‐García Raúl
Published: August 2018

In this work, an embroidered metamaterial monopole antenna based on a split ring resonator electromagnetic bandgap shielding structure is designed, simulated, and tested. This work investigates the impact of different types of embroidering metamaterial patterns on the antenna performance, shielding effect in terms of human safety through specific absorption rate analysis and degree of material wearability, in comparison with the standard antenna topologies. The proposed antenna design presents a full compact embroidered metamaterial device manufactured in felt textile substrate and requires a 85 × 70 mm2 area, operating at 2.45 GHz. On‐voxel analysis reveals that specific absorption standards are satisfied for both public and occupational sector with a significant safety margin whereas the antenna performance in terms of gain and directivity are significantly optimized with regard to standard wearable materials.
Subgroup‐specific dose finding in phase I clinical trials based on time to toxicity allowing adaptive subgroup combination
Authors: Chapple Andrew G. , Thall Peter F.
Published: August 2018

A Bayesian design is presented that does precision dose finding based on time to toxicity in a phase I clinical trial with two or more patient subgroups. The design, called Sub‐TITE, makes sequentially adaptive subgroup‐specific decisions while possibly combining subgroups that have similar estimated dose‐toxicity curves. Decisions are based on posterior quantities computed under a logistic regression model for the probability of toxicity within a fixed follow‐up period, as a function of dose and subgroup. Similarly to the time‐to‐event continual reassessment method (TITE‐CRM, Cheung and Chappell), the Sub‐TITE design downweights each patient's likelihood contribution using a function of follow‐up time. Spike‐and‐slab priors are assumed for subgroup parameters, with latent subgroup combination variables included in the logistic model to allow different subgroups to be combined for dose finding if they are homogeneous. This framework can be used in trials where clinicians have identified patient subgroups but are not certain whether they will have different dose‐toxicity curves. A simulation study shows that, when the dose‐toxicity curves differ between all subgroups, Sub‐TITE has superior performance compared with applying the TITE‐CRM while ignoring subgroups and has slightly better performance than applying the TITE‐CRM separately within subgroups or using the two‐group maximum likelihood approach of Salter et al that borrows strength among the two groups. When two or more subgroups are truly homogeneous but differ from other subgroups, the Sub‐TITE design is substantially superior to either ignoring subgroups, running separate trials within all subgroups, or the maximum likelihood approach of Salter et al. Practical guidelines and computer software are provided to facilitate application.
Bisphenol A vascular toxicity: Protective effect of Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol
Authors: Rameshrad Maryam , Imenshahidi Mohsen , Razavi Bibi Marjan , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: August 2018

The underlying mechanism of Bisphenol A (BPA)‐induced vascular toxicity and the protective role of grape seed extract (GSE) and resveratrol were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to different concentrations of GSE and resveratrol. Then, BPA was added to the cells and cell viability and effects on the protein level of cell adhesion molecules were measured through MTT and western blotting. Animals were randomly divided into control, GSE (3 and 12 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip), resveratrol (100 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip), BPA (35 mg·kg−1·day−1, gavage), BPA plus GSE (3, 6, and 12 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip), BPA plus resveratrol (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip), and BPA plus vitamin E (200 IU/kg per every other day ip). After 2 months, contractile and relaxant responses were evaluated on the isolated aorta. BPA increased the level of aorta malondialdehyde (p < 0.001) and decreased vascular responses to KCl (p < 0.01), phenylephrine (p < 0.001), and acetylcholine (p < 0.01). In HUVECs, BPA (IC50: 220 μM) increased protein level of vascular cell adhesion molecule (p < 0.05) and cleaved capase3 (p < 0.001). GSE, resveratrol, and vitamin E cotreatment restored toxic effects of BPA in some levels. BPA vascular toxicity was attributed to lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction. The protective role of GSE and resveratrol against BPA‐endothelial dysfunction could be attributed to their potent antioxidant properties.
Does local infiltration anesthesia on laparoscopic surgical wounds reduce postoperative pain? Randomized control study
Authors: Sugihara Mika , Miyake Takahito , Miyagi Yasunari , Oda Takashi , Hazama Yukiko , Sano Rikiya , Nakamura Takafumi , Shiota Mitsuru , Shimoya Koichiro
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Recently, endoscopic surgeries are widely performed in the gynecological field. Several studies on the use of local anesthesia for pain control after laparoscopic surgery have been conducted; however, its effects remain controversial. Herein, a randomized control study on gynecological laparoscopic surgeries was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of local anesthesia on postoperative pain.

Methods

Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries due to gynecologic benign diseases or endometrial cancer in the early stage were enrolled, and randomly divided into intervention (injected with levobupivacaine), and control (injected with saline) groups. The primary outcome was the dosage of analgesic consumption within 12 hours postoperatively.

Results

A total of 147 patients were enrolled in the intervention group and 147 in the control group. The outcome of local anesthesia was not significantly different between the two groups during the whole analysis. We analyzed the effects of local anesthesia in the laparoscopic surgery subgroup. The dosage of analgesic consumption within 12 h after a laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) or TLH with pelvic lymph node dissection (TLH+PLD) in the intervention group was significantly smaller than that in the control group.

Conclusion

Local infiltration anesthesia can effectively reduce postoperative pain in patients who underwent TLH or TLH +PLD.
Do more with less for student affairs by tapping into external revenue, fundraising
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2018

PHILADELPHIA — It's one of the biggest quagmires facing student affairs: the expectations to provide students with more and better services and programs in the midst of pressure to trim budgets and keep student fees low while funding remains stagnant and costs escalate.
A Study On Synthesis, Biological Activities and Molecular Modelling of Some Novel Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Gultekin Ergun , Kolcuoglu Yakup , Akdemir Atilla , Sirin Yakup , Bektas Hakan , Bekircan Olcay
Published: August 2018

In this study, 1‐(4‐substitued benzyl)‐3,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (2 a‐e) and ethyl(3,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐yl)acetate (3) were synthesized starting from 3,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (1). The ethyl acetate derivative (3) was converted to 2‐(3,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐yl)acetohydrazide (4) in ethanolic medium with hydrazine hydrate. The reaction of the acetohydrazide (4) with suitable isothiocyanates generate 2‐[(3, 5‐diphenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐yl)acetyl]‐4‐methyl/phenyhlthiosemicarbazide (5 a,b). The cyclization of the thiosemicarbazide (5 a,b) in the presence of NaOH (2 M) resulted in the formation of 5‐[(3, 5‐diphenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐yl)methyl]‐4‐methyl/phenyl‐2,4‐dihidro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (6 a,b). Finally, the synthesized 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiols (6 a,b) were converted to their S‐substituebenzyl derivatives (7 a‐j). All of the synthesized compounds (1‐7) were also examined for antioxidant capacities, and antiurease and anti‐acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AChE) activities. It has been found that antioxidant capacity and anti‐urease activity of the compound 7 f is very good in biochemically active compounds.
A Literal Elytral Rainbow: Tunable Structural Colors Using Single Diamond Biophotonic Crystals in Pachyrrhynchus congestus Weevils
Authors: Wilts Bodo D. , Saranathan Vinodkumar
Published: August 2018

The brilliant colors of many insects arise from the interference of incident light with complex nanostructured biomaterials that are present in their cuticle. Here, the rainbow‐colored spots on the elytra of a snout weevil, Pachyrrhynchus congestus pavonius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are investigated using synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, microspectrophotometry, and photonic bandgap modeling. It is shown that the iridescent scales present in the rainbow‐hued spots are due to a 3D photonic crystal network of chitin in air with a single diamond (Fd‐3m) symmetry. In many insects, different orientations of photonic crystal domains are used to create various hues. In this weevil, however, both the chitin volume fractions as well as the lattice parameters of the biologically self‐assembled single diamond nanostructure are varied to achieve the remarkable tuning of the structural colors across the visible light spectrum on a scale‐by‐scale basis. Uncovering the precise mechanism of color tuning employed by this weevil has important implications for further structural and developmental research on biophotonic nanostructures and may provide fresh impetus for bioinspired and biomimetic multifunctional applications, as synthesis of photonic crystals at visible length scales is currently challenging.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 5
Authors: Rogers Crystal D. , Nie Shuyi
Published: August 2018

The cover image, by Crystal D. Rogers and Shuyi Nie, is based on the Advanced Review Specifying neural crest cells: From chromatin to morphogens and factors in between, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.322.

image
Preparation of standard materials of aerosol particles for X‐ray fluorescence analysis using a small chamber sampling unit
Authors: Nakano Kazuhiko , Oshiro Yoshito , Azechi Sotaro , Somada Yuka , Handa Daishi , Miyagi Yoichi , Tanahara Akira , Arakaki Takemitsu , Itoh Akihide
Published: August 2018

We investigated the simple and rapid preparation of standard materials of major and trace elements in aerosol particles for X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to study long‐range transport of air pollutants in East Asia. Standard materials for calibration curve were prepared using a small‐chamber sampling technique consisted of a 3‐L cylindrical acrylic chamber, aerosol filter holder, flow meter, and vacuum pump. Prepared aerosol standard materials had an excellent homogeneity in 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm analytical area. XRF analysis was performed by a bench top energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescent spectrometer. For only arsenic analysis, synchrotron radiation XRF was applied because As‐Kα line (10.53 keV) was overlapped by Pb‐Lα line (10.55 keV) in a typical XRF measurement. The calibration curves of 15 elements (K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb) showed a good linearity. The prepared standard materials were applied to determine metal elements in total suspended particle (TSP) aerosols, which were collected at Kume Island in Okinawa, Japan, from June 2008 to June 2010, and analytical results in XRF were compared with those of inductively coupled plasma atomic mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Analytical results of TSP aerosol between XRF and ICP‐MS or AAS had a strong correlation higher than 0.800 for all elements.
Preparation and Molecular Structure of a Series of Bicyclic [3]Ferrocenophanes Containing Pb2P2 Bridges
Authors: Kargin Denis , Krekić Kristijan , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: August 2018

Phosphanyl‐substituted plumbylenes can be embedded into a [3]ferrocenophane scaffold giving rise to bicyclic ferrocenophanes Fe(C5H4PtBuPbX)2 (X = Cl, Br, Mes, OMes*). The electrophilic nature of the phosphanylhaloplumbylenes may be exploited to add nucleophiles resulting in zigzag‐like haloplumbate strands. All compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy solubility and stability permitting.
Establishing a search for b → sℓ+ℓ− anomalies at the LHC
Authors: Afik Yoav , Cohen Jonathan , Gozani Eitan , Kajomovitz Enrique , Rozen Yoram
Published: August 2018

Abstract

One of the fundamental predictions of the Standard Model is Lepton Flavour Universality. Any deviation from this prediction would indicate the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Recent LHCb measurements present a pattern of deviations from this prediction in rare B-meson decays. While not yet statistically significant (currently 2.2−2.6σ), these measurements show an imbalance in the ratio of B-meson decays to a pair of muons in association with a Kaon and decays to a pair of electrons in association with a Kaon. If the measured deviations are indeed present in nature, new physics may mediate interactions involving a pair of same flavour leptons, a b- and an s-quark. We present the prospect for a search of new physics in this type of interactions at the LHC, in a process that involves an s-quark, and a final state with two leptons and a b-jet. The proposed search can improve the sensitivity to new physics in these processes by a factor of four compared to current searches with in the total dataset expected at the LHC.
Quantum distillation of Hilbert spaces, semi-classics and anomaly matching
Authors: Dunne Gerald V. , Tanizaki Yuya , Ünsal Mithat
Published: August 2018

Abstract

A symmetry-twisted boundary condition of the path integral provides a suitable framework for the semi-classical analysis of nonperturbative quantum field theories (QFTs), and we reinterpret it from the viewpoint of the Hilbert space. An appropriate twist with the unbroken symmetry can potentially produce huge cancellations among excited states in the state-sum, without affecting the ground states; we call this effect “quantum distillation”. Quantum distillation can provide the underlying mechanism for adiabatic continuity, by preventing a phase transition under S
1 compactification. We revisit this point via the ’t Hooft anomaly matching condition when it constrains the vacuum structure of the theory on ℝ
d
and upon compactification. We show that there is a precise relation between the persistence of the anomaly upon compactification, the Hilbert space quantum distillation, and the semi-classical analysis of the corresponding symmetry-twisted path integrals. We motivate quantum distillation in quantum mechanical examples, and then study its non-trivial action in QFT, with the example of the 2D Grassmannian sigma model Gr(N, M). We also discuss the connection of quantum distillation with large-N volume independence and flavor-momentum transmutation.
Moduli stars
Authors: Krippendorf Sven , Muia Francesco , Quevedo Fernando
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We explore the possibility that (Bose-Einstein) condensation of scalar fields from string compactifications can lead to long-lived compact objects. Depending on the type of scalar fields we find different realisations of star-like and solitonic objects. We illustrate in the framework of type IIB string compactifications that closed string moduli can lead to heavy microscopic stars with masses of order$$ {\mathcal{V}}^{\alpha }{M}_{\mathrm{Planck}} $$VαMPlanck,α= 1,3/2,5/3 where$$ \mathcal{V} $$Vis the volume of the extra dimensions. Macroscopic compact objects from ultra-light string axions are realised with masses of order$$ {e}^{\mathcal{V}2/3} $$eV2/3MPlanck.Q-ball configurations can be obtained from open string moduli whereas the closed string sector gives rise to a new class of solutions, named PQ-balls, that arise in the two-field axion-modulus system. The stability, the potential for the formation, and the observability of moduli stars through gravitational waves are discussed. In particular we point out that during the early matter phase given by moduli domination, density perturbations grow by a factor$$ {\mathcal{V}}^{\beta } $$Vβwithβ >2 and non-linear effects cannot be neglected.
Systematic analysis of radiative symmetry breaking in models with extended scalar sector
Authors: Chataignier Leonardo , Prokopec Tomislav , Schmidt Michael G. , Świeżewska Bogumiła
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Radiative symmetry breaking (RSB) is a theoretically appealing framework for the generation of mass scales through quantum effects. It can be successfully implemented in models with extended scalar and gauge sectors. We provide a systematic analysis of RSB in such models: we review the common approximative methods of studying RSB, emphasising their limits of applicability and discuss the relevance of the relative magnitudes of tree-level and loop contributions as well as the dependence of the results on the renormalisation scale. The general considerations are exemplified within the context of the conformal Standard Model extended with a scalar doublet of a new SU(2)
X
gauge group, the so-called SU(2)cSM. We show that various perturbative methods of studying RSB may yield significantly different results due to renormalisation-scale dependence. Implementing the renormalisation-group (RG) improvement method recently developed in ref. [1], which is well-suited for multi-scale models, we argue that the use of the RG improved effective potential can alleviate this scale dependence providing more reliable results.
On quantum compatibility of counterterm deformations and duality symmetries in $$ \mathcal{N}\ge 5 $$ supergravities
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Nicolai Hermann , Roiban Radu , Yamada Yusuke
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In

$$ \mathcal{N}=5 $$

N
=
5

, 6, 8 supergravities there are hidden symmetries of equations of motion, described by duality groups SU(1, 5), SO*(12), E
7(7) respectively. UV divergences and known candidate counterterms violate the deformed duality symmetry current conservation. Extra higher derivative terms in the action are required to restore duality. We study the effect of a two-vector part of the counterterm for

$$ \mathcal{N}\ge 5 $$

N
≥
5

supergravities using the universality of the symplectic structure of extended supergravities. We construct a compact form of a deformed action with infinite number of higher derivative terms and restored duality symmetry with deformation parameter λ. We find, in λ
2 approximation, that the

$$ \mathrm{S}\mathrm{U}\left(\mathcal{N}\right) $$

S
U

N

symmetry of the deformed theory is restored on shell.
From effective Hamiltonian to anomaly inflow in topological orders with boundaries
Authors: Hu Yuting , Wan Yidun , Wu Yong-Shi
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Whether two boundary conditions of a two-dimensional topological order can be continuously connected without a phase transition in between remains a challenging question. We tackle this challenge by constructing an effective Hamiltonian of anyon interaction that realizes such a continuous deformation. At any point along the deformation, the model remains a fixed point model describing a gapped topological order with gapped boundaries. That the deformation retains the gap is due to the anomaly cancelation between the boundary and bulk. Such anomaly inflow is quantitatively studied using our effective Hamiltonian. We apply our method of effective Hamiltonian to the extended twisted quantum double model with boundaries (constructed by two of us in ref. [1]). We show that for a given gauge group G and a three-cocycle in H
3[G, U(1)] in the bulk, any two gapped boundaries for a fixed subgroup K ⊆ G on the boundary can be continuously connected via an effective Hamiltonian. Our results can be straightforwardly generalized to the extended Levin-Wen model with boundaries (constructed by three of us in ref. [2]).
Hidden Higgs portal vector dark matter for the Galactic center gamma-ray excess from the two-step cascade annihilation, and muon g − 2
Authors: Yang Kwei-Chou
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We have built a lepton-specific next-to-minimal two-Higgs-doublet-portal vector dark matter model. The vector dark matter in the hidden sector does not directly couple to the visible sector, but instead annihilates into the hidden Higgs bosons which decay through a small coupling into the CP-odd Higgs bosons. In this model, the Galactic center gamma-ray excess is mainly due to the 2-step cascade annihilation with τ’s in the final state. The obtained mass of the CP-odd Higgs A in the Galactic center excess fit can explain the muon g − 2 anomaly at the 2σ level without violating the stringent constraints from the lepton universality and τ decays. We show three different freeze-out types of the dark matter relic, called (i) the conventional WIMP dark matter, (ii) the unconventional WIMP dark matter and (iii) the cannibally co-decaying dark matter, depending on the magnitudes of the mixing angles between the hidden Higgs and visible two-Higgs doublets. The dark matter in the hidden sector is secluded from detections in the direct searches or colliders, while the dark matter annihilation signals are not suppressed in a general hidden sector dark matter model. We discuss the constraints from observations of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the Fermi-LAT projected sensitivity.
Non-global logarithms in jet and isolation cone cross sections
Authors: Balsiger Marcel , Becher Thomas , Shao Ding Yu
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Starting from a factorization theorem in effective field theory, we derive a parton-shower equation for the resummation of non-global logarithms. We have implemented this shower and interfaced it with a tree-level event generator to obtain an automated framework to resum the leading logarithm of non-global observables in the large-N

c
limit. Using this setup, we compute gap fractions for dijet processes and isolation cone cross sections relevant for photon production. We compare our results with fixed-order computations and LHC measurements. We find that naive exponentiation is often not adequate, especially when the vetoed region is small, since non-global contributions are enhanced due to their dependence on the veto-region size. Since our parton shower is derived from first principles and based on renormalization-group evolution, it is clear what ingredients will have to be included to perform resummations at subleading logarithmic accuracy in the future.
All Along the Watchtower: a Case of Long QT Syndrome Misdiagnosis Secondary to Genetic Testing Misinterpretation
Authors: Helm Benjamin M. , Ayers Mark D. , Kean Adam C.
Published: August 2018

Clinical genetics services continue to expand into diverse medical specialties. An ever‐increasing number of non‐genetics providers are independently ordering genetic tests, interpreting results, and at times, making diagnoses leading to patient care recommendations. Non‐genetics healthcare providers can help increase patient access to these services, but a potential pitfall occurs when these providers either do not have adequate expertise with genetic variant interpretation or do not have access to multi‐disciplinary teams including genetic counselors or clinical geneticists for advanced review. In the cardiology setting, variant misinterpretation can lead to misattribution of disease risk, unnecessary treatments or management, and potentially adverse psychosocial and financial effects. To address this, case reports and series are needed to highlight variant misinterpretation and misdiagnoses, including discussion of possible solutions and best practices for avoidance. This report details a child previously diagnosed with long QT syndrome type 4 by chromosomal microarray who was then subsequently managed for this disease by cardiac providers with insufficient expertise to critically review and question the genetic testing results. The patient was eventually referred to a pediatric electrophysiology team as part of a larger multidisciplinary cardiovascular genetics program, composed of specialist genetic counselors, cardiologists, and clinical geneticists. Advanced review and clinical evaluation raised concern about the initial genetic testing result and diagnosis. Complementary testing with a different modality to confirm or disconfirm the chromosome microarray result was performed, providing evidence that the original result reflected analytic error in the laboratory as well as interpretive error by the clinical geneticist and that the patient was misdiagnosed, and treated over the course of years, for long QT syndrome. This case shows the value of multidisciplinary teams caring for patients with inherited cardiovascular diseases.
Safety and efficacy of lithium in children and adolescents: A systematic review in bipolar illness
Authors: Amerio A. , Ossola P. , Scagnelli F. , Odone A. , Allinovi M. , Cavalli A. , Iacopelli J. , Tonna M. , Marchesi C. , Ghaemi S.N.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Many clinicians are reluctant to use traditional mood-stabilizing agents, especially lithium, in children and adolescents. This review examined the evidence for lithium’s safety and efficacy in this population.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted on the use of lithium in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD). Relevant papers published through June 30th 2018 were identified searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library.

Results:

30 articles met inclusion criteria, including 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Findings from RCTs demonstrate efficacy for acute mania in up to 50% of patients, and evidence of long-term maintenance efficacy. Lithium was generally safe, at least in the short term, with most common side effects being gastrointestinal, polyuria, or headache. Only a minority of patients experienced hypothyroidism. No cases of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease were reported.

Conclusions:

Though the available literature is mostly short-term, there is evidence that lithium monotherapy is reasonably safe and effective in children and adolescents, specifically for acute mania and for prevention of mood episodes.
Long-term outcomes of (Gore) fistula plug versus ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract for anal fistula
Authors: Alhaddad Abdullah , Mouzannar Ali , Ashraf Aqeel , Marafi Bader , Albader Ibtisam , Alsaid Ali , Alabbad Jasim , Khoursheed Mousa
Published: August 2018

Background The surgical treatment of anal fistula is complex due to the possibility of fecal incontinence. Fistulotomy and cutting Setons have the same incidence of fecal incontinence depending on the complexity of the fistula. Sphincter-preserving procedures such as anal fistula plug and ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract procedure may result in more recurrence requiring repeated operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the outcomes of treating fistula in Ano utilizing two methods: Fistula plug (Gore Bio-A) and ligation of intersphincteric tract (LIFT).

Methods Fifty four patients (33 males; 21 female, median ages 42 [range 32–47] years) with high anal inter-transphenteric fistula were treated with LIFT and fistula plug procedures from September 2011 until August 2016 by a single surgeon and were retrospectively evaluated. All were followed for a median of 23.9 (range 4–54) months with clinical examination. Twenty one patients underwent fistula plug and 33 patients underwent LIFT procedure (4 patients of the LIFT group underwent LIFT and rectal mucosa advancement flap). The healing rate and complications were evaluated clinically and through telephone calls.

Results The mean operative time for the Plug was 25 ± 17 min and for the LIFT was 40 ± 20 min (p = 0.017) and the mean hospital stay was 2.4 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.3 (p = 0.01) respectively. The early complications of the plug and LIFT procedures included; anal pain (33.3%, 66.6%, p = 0.13), perianal discharge (77.8%, 91%, p = 0.62), anal pruritus (38.9%, 50.0%, p = 0.71) and bleeding per rectum (16.7%, 33.3%, p = 0.39) respectively. The overall mean follow-up was 20.9 ± 16.8 months, p = 0.68. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (21.9 ± 7.5 months, 19.9 ± 16.1 months, p = 0.682). The healing rate was 76.2% (16/21 patients) in the fistula plug group and 81.1% (27/33 patients) in the LIFT group (p = 0.73). Patients who had LIFT procedure and a mucosal advancement flap had 100% healing rate (4 out of 4 patients). No incontinence of stool or feces and no fistula plug expulsion were seen in our patients. The healing time ranged from 1 to 6 months after surgery. There was no post-operative perianal abscess, cellulitis or pain.

Conclusions LIFT and anal plug are safe procedures for patients with primary and recurrent anal fistula. Both techniques showed excellent results in terms of healing and complication rate. None of our patients had incontinence after 5 years follow-up. The best success rate in our patients was seen after LIFT procedure with mucosal advancement flap. Larger and controlled randomized trials are needed for better assessment of treatment options.
Within and outside the nation: former colonial subjects in post-war Italy
Authors: Deplano Valeria
Published: August 2018

After Mussolini’s regime collapsed, Italy rebuilt itself as a nation and a democracy. The Republican Constitution approved in 1948 rejected the ideologies of both racism and racial discrimination, which had been strengthened and made harsher by Fascism since the mid-1930s. Yet, despite this, racism and racialisation continued in the post-Fascist years. The article analyses how the presence of former colonial subjects in Italy between the 1940s and 1960s was perceived, represented and managed, and demonstrates that the hegemonic discourse of the post-war period still considered Italy to be a white and ethnically homogeneous nation. It considers the stories of people from Libya and Eritrea who applied for Italian citizenship and the life in Italy of some Somali students in the 1960s. From different perspectives, these case studies show how in republican Italy inclusion and exclusion, as well as concepts of identity and otherness, were the consequence of processes of racialisation and ideas inherited from the previous period.
TheOtherKind of Research: On the Ambivalent Ties between Disciplinary, Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinary Scholarship
Authors: Winiwarter Verena
Published: August 2018

Research about interdisciplinary research is less and less done by those doing it. This paper tries to reflect upon my own interdisciplinary practices and experiences. In the first part, I present an example of successful interdisciplinary research. Then, I attempt to introduce two nested cases of interdisciplinary scholarship and their development, one being my ‘Fakultät’ (which roughly equals a department) and the other, smaller one, being my research group. In the third part, I attempt to offer explanations for the development described with reference to some of the burgeoning literature on interdisciplinarity. Incentive structures, epistemological challenges such as disciplinary capture and structural effects of the hosting university are discussed. In a final section, othering as an inevitable process is used to elucidate the dynamics of developments within and beyond academia and to draw conclusions about the two cases presented.
Legal reflections on the evolving role of general practitioners in China’s primary care: an assessment of regulatory strategies
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Buijsen Martin
Published: August 2018

Aim

To assess the regulation of the Chinese healthcare system in assisting a nationwide implementation of general practitioner (GP) services.

Background

Along with the perennial problems of unaffordable and inequitable healthcare, a rapidly ageing population and the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases pose challenges to the Chinese healthcare system. Recognising these challenges and to satisfy people’s demands for more and better healthcare, China has initiated a plan, named ‘Healthy China 2030’, based on the findings from a two-year joint study by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank Group (WBG) in collaboration with Chinese agencies. The Chinese healthcare plan, officially approved in 2016, is an attempt to use the people-centred, integrated care (PCIC) model recommended by the WHO and WBG to shape the Chinese healthcare system. In accordance with PCIC, China began the implementation of gatekeeping primary care by introducing GP services to local communities.

Methods

A comparative analysis was employed to point out the importance of introducing GP services. A systematic assessment was carried out to evaluate the regulatory sector of the Chinese healthcare system, including a critical review of related legal norms and a theoretical exploration of external impediments (eg, cultural attitudes, government capacity and interest groups).

Findings

Results demonstrate that the current regulatory sector of the Chinese healthcare system needs to be improved in order to assist the nationwide implementation of GP services and to strengthen its gatekeeping role. Major deficiencies include the problematic relationship between legal norms and health policies, the lack of effective and consistent new legislation, the low rate of social acceptance, and lack of support from agencies. To address those challenges, this paper recommends that preliminary efforts be devoted, in part, to two changes in the legal structure: enacting a specific law, and creating an independent regulatory oversight body.
Gustav Jenner and the Music of Brahms: The Case of the Orchestral Serenades
Authors: Sholes Jacquelyn
Published: August 2018

Gustav Jenner (1865–1920) was Brahms’s only long-term composition student. Jenner, an outspoken proponent of the conservative musical values he shared with Brahms, left numerous songs and pieces for chorus, piano, chamber ensembles and orchestra. Despite his obvious stylistic affinities to Brahms, it is clear from Jenner’s prose writings that he placed high value on artistic independence. Although scholars have noted the circumstances surrounding Jenner’s interactions with Brahms between 1888 and 1895 and Brahms’s general aesthetic influence on the young man, Jenner’s music – and particularly its relationship to that of Brahms – has received scant attention. Deeper comparison of the two composers’ works yields insights into not only how Brahms influenced less prominent composers in his circle and in the generation that followed him, but also the extent and nature of Brahms’s direct influence as a teacher.

This article compares Jenner’s only complete orchestral piece, his Serenade in A major (1911–12), with its most obvious precedents, Brahms’s orchestral serenades. Although correlations in general style are numerous, discrepancies arise naturally. Jenner furthermore avoids Brahms’s most distinctive compositional choices and takes care not to rely too heavily on any one Brahmsian model for his own Serenade, suggesting his desire to distinguish himself and a wariness of the inevitable comparisons with the works of his teacher. Thus we find in Jenner’s work the same dual emphasis on musical tradition and independence emphasized both in Jenner’s prose writings and in the music of Brahms himself.
Sex-specific effects of maternal and postweaning high-fat diet on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Khamoui A. V. , Desai M. , Ross M. G. , Rossiter H. B.
Published: August 2018

Exposure to maternal over-nutrition in utero is linked with developmental programming of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in offspring, which may be exacerbated by postnatal high-fat (HF) diet. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function contributes to substrate metabolism and is impaired in metabolic disease. We examined muscle mitochondrial respiration in male and female mice exposed to maternal HF diet in utero, followed by postweaning HF diet until middle age. After in utero exposure to maternal control (Con) or HF diet (45% kcal fat; 39.4% lard, 5.5% soybean oil), offspring were weaned to Con or HF, creating four groups: Con/Con (male/female (m/f), n=8/8), Con/HF (m/f, n=7/4), HF/Con (m/f, n=9/6) and HF/HF (m/f, n=4/4). Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transfer system (ETS) capacity were measured in permeabilized gastrocnemius bundles. Maternal HF diet increased fasting glucose and lean body mass in males and body fat percentage in both sexes (P⩽0.05). Maximal adenosine diphosphate-stimulated respiration (complex I OXPHOS) was decreased by maternal HF diet in female offspring (−21%, P=0.053), but not in male (−0%, P>0.05). Sexually divergent responses were exacerbated in offspring weaned to HF diet. In females, OXPHOS capacity was lower (−28%, P=0.041) when weaned to high-fat (HF/HF) v. control diet (HF/Con). In males, OXPHOS (+33%, P=0.009) and ETS (+42%, P=0.016) capacity increased. Our data suggest that maternal lard-based HF diet, rich in saturated fat, affects offspring skeletal muscle respiration in a sex-dependent manner, and these differences are exacerbated by HF diet in adulthood.
Unquantifiable? A New Estimate of the Impact of International Migration to Edinburgh in 1911
Authors: Di Tommasi Marc
Published: August 2018

In the decades before World War I, the United Kingdom was the pivot of a significant migratory phenomenon. While great swaths of the population were going abroad, multiple movements from the European continent (mainly from Germany, Italy, and Poland) were arriving on the British shores. To reappraise the impact of migration into the United Kingdom, this article focuses on Edinburgh in 1911, with the aim of moving beyond the initial movement of people and toward an analysis of the longer-term demographic trends. The main sources are the 1911 Census Enumerators’ Books, which are also the basis of the official census report and contain a plethora of information that were previously unavailable. Using a methodology that has been developed specifically for this study, the migrants’ households and their familiar links have been completely reconstructed. Moreover, the various communities have been examined in relation with all the other migrant groups, as well as with the local Scottish population. The resulting quantitative analysis paints a surprising picture of their impact, with significant differences between the various migrant groups, and highlights how the role played by the migrants in the development of the United Kingdom has been underestimated.