bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observational Properties of a Bright Type lax SN 2018cni and a Faint Type Iax SN 2020kyg
Authors: Singh Mridweeka , Sahu Devendra. K. , Dastidar Raya , Barna Barnabás , Misra Kuntal , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Howell D. Andrew , Jha Saurabh W. , Im Hyobin , Taggart Kirsty , Andrews Jennifer , Hiramatsu Daichi , Teja Rishabh Singh , Pellegrino Craig , Foley Ryan J. , Joshi Arti , Anupama G. C. , Bostroem K. Azalee , Burke Jamison , Camacho-Neves Yssavo , Dutta Anirban , Kwok Lindsey A. , McCully Curtis , Pan Yen-Chen , Siebert Matt , Srivastav Shubham , Szalai Tamás , Swift Jonathan J. , Yang Grace , Zhou Henry , DiLullo Nico , Scheer Jackson
Published: August 2023

We present the optical photometric and spectroscopic analysis of two Type Iax supernovae (SNe), 2018cni and 2020kyg. SN 2018cni is a bright Type Iax SN (MV,peak= −17.81 ± 0.21 mag), whereas SN 2020kyg (MV,peak= −14.52 ± 0.21 mag) is a faint one. We derive56Ni mass of 0.07 and 0.002M⊙and ejecta mass of 0.48 and 0.14M⊙for SNe 2018cni and 2020kyg, respectively. A combined study of the bright and faint Type Iax SNe inR/r-band reveals that the brighter objects tend to have a longer rise time. However, the correlation between the peak luminosity and decline rate shows that bright and faint Type Iax SNe exhibit distinct behavior. Comparison with standard deflagration models suggests that SN 2018cni is consistent with the deflagration of a CO white dwarf, whereas the properties of SN 2020kyg can be better explained by the deflagration of a hybrid CONe white dwarf. The spectral features of both the SNe point to the presence of similar chemical species but with different mass fractions. Our spectral modeling indicates stratification at the outer layers and mixed inner ejecta for both of the SNe.
Porous Dust Particles in Protoplanetary Disks: Application to the HL Tau Disk
Authors: Zhang Shangjia , Zhu Zhaohuan , Ueda Takahiro , Kataoka Akimasa , Sierra Anibal , Carrasco-González Carlos , Macías Enrique
Published: August 2023

Dust particle sizes constrained from dust continuum and polarization observations by radio interferometry are inconsistent by at least an order of magnitude. Motivated by porous dust observed in small solar system bodies (e.g., from the Rosetta mission), we explore how the dust particle’s porosity affects the estimated particle sizes from these two methods. Porous particles have lower refractive indices, which affect both opacity and polarization fraction. With weaker Mie interference patterns, the porous particles have lower opacity at millimeter wavelengths than the compact particles if the particle size exceeds several hundred microns. Consequently, the inferred dust mass using porous particles can be up to a factor of six higher. The most significant difference between compact and porous particles is their scattering properties. The porous particles have a wider range of particle sizes with high linear polarization from dust self-scattering, allowing millimeter- to centimeter-sized particles to explain polarization observations. With a Bayesian approach, we use porous particles to fit HL Tau disk’s multiwavelength continuum and millimeter-polarization observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Very Large Array (VLA). The moderately porous particles with sizes from 1 mm–1 m can explain both continuum and polarization observations, especially in the region between 20 and 60 au. If the particles in HL Tau are porous, the porosity should be from 70%–97% from current polarization observations. We also predict that future observations of the self-scattering linear polarization at longer wavelengths (e.g., ALMA B1 and ngVLA) have the potential to further constrain the particle’s porosity and size.
The Subtle Effects of Mergers on Star Formation in Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Li Yang A. , Ho Luis C. , Shangguan Jinyi
Published: August 2023

Interactions and mergers play an important role in regulating the physical properties of galaxies, such as their morphology, gas content, and star formation rate (SFR). Controversy exists as to the degree to which these events, even gas-rich major mergers, enhance star formation activity. We study merger pairs selected from a sample of massive (M
* ≥ 1010
M
⊙), low-redshift (z = 0.01–0.11) galaxies located in the Stripe 82 region of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, using stellar masses, SFRs, and total dust masses derived from a new set of uniformly measured panchromatic photometry and spectral energy distribution analysis. The dust masses, when converted to equivalent total atomic and molecular hydrogen, probe gas masses as low as ∼108.5
M
⊙. Our measurements delineate a bimodal distribution on the M
gas–M
* plane: the gas-rich, star-forming galaxies that trace the well-studied gas mass main sequence, and passive galaxies that occupy a distinct, gas-poor regime. These two populations, in turn, map into a bimodal distribution on the relation between SFR and gas mass surface density. Among low-redshift galaxies, galaxy mergers, including those that involve gas-rich and nearly equal-mass galaxies, exert a minimal impact on their SFR, specific SFR, or star formation efficiency. Starbursts are rare. The star formation efficiency of gas-rich, minor mergers even appears suppressed. This study stresses the multiple, complex factors that influence the evolution of the gas and its ability to form stars in mergers.
Formation of the Injection Function of Solar Energetic Particles in Gradual Events
Authors: Petukhov Ivan , Petukhova Anastasia , Petukhov Stanislav
Published: August 2023

We present a model for solar energetic particle injection into interplanetary space in gradual events, in which particle acceleration occurs in a limited region of the solar atmosphere. The distribution function of particles accelerated by the diffusion mechanism is calculated. The flux of injected solar energetic particles is determined as a function of time and energy. We provide an explanation of the characteristic properties of the injection function and their dependence on the particle energy. Comparing the calculation results with ground-based measurements in the 2001 April 15 event shows a rough agreement with the particle density as a function of time and good agreement with the spectrum of maximum intensity values.
Heliocentric Distance and Solar Activity Dependence of Sustained Quasi-radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Occurrence
Authors: Burkholder Brandon L. , Chen Li-Jen , Romanelli Norberto , Sibeck Dave , Verniero Jaye , DiBraccio Gina A. , Gershman Daniel , Sarantos Menelaos
Published: August 2023

Planets close to their stars experience an interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) that is dominantly quasi-radial. Our solar system serves as a laboratory to study how the occurrence of quasi-radial IMF varies away from the star and under different stellar activities. Furthermore, on time and spatial scales relevant to magnetospheric physics, solar wind variability prevails in the form of structures generated both at the Sun and locally in the interplanetary space. The stationary Parker spiral model only approximates the large-scale structure of the IMF. Deviations from the Parker spiral often result in strongly radial magnetic fields that give rise to kinetic foreshock turbulence, which in turn can impact planetary magnetospheres. The relative significance of this type of interaction can be estimated statistically based on the occurrence rate of cases where the IMF is directed along the radial direction, leading to the entire day-side magnetosphere being downstream of the ion foreshock. We use observations covering radial distances from 0.1 to 10 au and more than 2 solar cycles to quantify the prevalence of radial IMFs throughout the heliosphere. Near Earth’s orbit, it is found that the occurrence rates of quasi-radial and southward IMF orientations are similar, and that the Pearson correlation coefficient is



xy

∼
−
0.7

calculated between quasi-radial IMF occurrence rate and solar activity. A negative correlation is demonstrated for radial distances extending to at least Mars but not to Saturn.
Characterization of the Ejecta from the NASA/DART Impact on Dimorphos: Observations and Monte Carlo Models
Authors: Moreno Fernando , Bagatin Adriano Campo , Tancredi Gonzalo , Li Jian-Yang , Rossi Alessandro , Ferrari Fabio , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Fahnestock Eugene , Maury Alain , Sandness Robert , Rivkin Andrew S. , Cheng Andy , Farnham Tony L. , Soldini Stefania , Giordano Carmine , Merisio Gianmario , Panicucci Paolo , Pugliatti Mattia , Castro-Tirado Alberto J. , Fernández-García Emilio , Pérez-García ignacio , Ivanovski Stavro , Penttila Antti , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Licandro Javier , Muñoz Olga , Gray Zuri , Ortiz Jose L. , Lin Zhong-Yi
Published: August 2023

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft successfully crashed on Dimorphos, the secondary component of the binary (65803) Didymos system. Following the impact, a large dust cloud was released, and a long-lasting dust tail developed. We have extensively monitored the dust tail from the ground and the Hubble Space Telescope. We provide a characterization of the ejecta dust properties, i.e., particle size distribution and ejection speeds, ejection geometric parameters, and mass, by combining both observational data sets and using Monte Carlo models of the observed dust tail. The size distribution function that best fits the imaging data is a broken power law having a power index of –2.5 for particles of r ≤ 3 mm and –3.7 for larger particles. The particles range in size from 1 μm up to 5 cm. The ejecta is characterized by two components, depending on velocity and ejection direction. The northern component of the double tail, observed since 2022 October 8, might be associated with a secondary ejection event from impacting debris on Didymos, although is also possible that this feature results from the binary system dynamics alone. The lower limit to the total dust mass ejected is estimated at ∼6 × 106 kg, half of this mass being ejected to interplanetary space.
Evaluation of Dynamic Variation in Red Cell Distribution Width as a Septic Marker in Comparison with Procalcitonin Levels and Clinical Scores in Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Fawzy Mohamed , Gawesh Mahmoud , Abdelsamie Sherif , Elsherif Mohamed , Ibrahim Gamal Hamed Ahmed , Ahmed Walid
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection resulting in potentially life-threatening organ dysfunction. Elevation in red cell distribution width (RDW), a simple routinely done investigation, could be a prognostic marker in these patients.
AIM: We performed this prospective observational study to assess role of dynamic variation of RDW in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock presenting and getting admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) in Fayoum, Egypt.
METHODS: Between January 2019 and January 2021, 150 patients with sepsis or septic shock at admission were prospectively evaluated for association between RDW value on admission, on day 4, on day 7, and 30-day mortality. To find out factors associated independently with 30-day mortality, we applied multivariate logistic regression analysis and used the analysis to develop nanogram for prediction of mortality on admission.
RESULTS: Among 150 patients, 89 (59.3%) were male. Mean age of the patients was 59.6 ± 12.28 years. Regarding RDW on admission (RDW-0), the mean was 14.1 ± 1.9 while on day 4 (RDW-4), the mean was 14.5 ± 1.97, and on day 7 (RDW-7), the mean was 14.4 ± 2.03. Seventy-four (49.3%) patients died during the period of 30 days follow-up. Multiple logistic regression models for the parameters associated with the mortality outcome at admission were done, for age, higher age was associated with higher probability of mortality, OR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.13). Male sex was associated with lower probability of mortality as compared to females, OR = 0.02 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.80). Higher acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, RDW value, and procalcitonin level, all were associated with higher mortality probability. For APACHE II score, higher level was associated with higher odds of mortality, OR = 1.16. For RDW value on admission, higher value was associated with higher odds of mortality, OR = 1.66. For procalcitonin level at admission, higher level was associated with higher odds of mortality, OR = 1.54. Odds for mortality for those who showed any increase in RDW in day 4 as compared to day 0 are higher as compared to those who showed a decrease or no change in RDW, OR = 2.8, p-value = 0.007.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that an increase in RDW value on admission and on day 4 is significantly associated with mortality. And that, an increase in RDW value from day 0 to day 4 is also significantly associated with mortality Therefore, a combination of baseline RDW value and an  increase in serial RDW values can be a promising independent prognostic marker in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Assessing the Current State of National Biodiversity Data Integration: An Initiative by the Taiwan Biodiversity Information Alliance (TBIA)
Authors: Hoh Daphne , Wu Jun-Yi , Lee Jin-Ying , Tuanmu Mao-Ning
Published: August 2023

Biodiversity data that adheres to the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) is essential for any research and application, particularly in understanding biodiversity, valuing ecosystem services, and guiding environmental monitoring and conservation. However, most biodiversity-related projects are carried out independently, resulting in the dispersion of data across various databases from different organisations. Data users often need to search, collect, and integrate data from multiple sources, which is time consuming and labour intensive. Furthermore, the lack of unified data standards and taxonomy backbones among different databases poses additional challenges for data analysis and application. To address these issues and maximize the value of existing data, we launched a collaborative bottom-up initiative aimed at establishing a national biodiversity data portal in Taiwan. The collaboration among eight units, including research institutes, governmental organisations, and museums, has led to the formation of the Taiwan Biodiversity Information Alliance (TBIA), along with the launching of a 5-year (2021–2025) Taiwan Biodiversity Information Action Campaign. Furthermore, the alliance has developed important documentation, such as the Taiwan Biodiversity Data Standard and the Principles of Opening and Sharing Sensitive Biodiversity Data. These documents have played a crucial role in facilitating data integration across the various units involved by implementing a convergence mechanism that adheres to the Darwin Core data standards (Darwin Core Task Group 2009) and follows a unified taxonomy backbone aligned with the Taiwan Catalogue of Life. This mechanism simplifies and expedites the information-sharing process, enabling users to access relatively comprehensive national biodiversity data. This presentation provides an introduction to TBIA and its development, illustrates recent achievements of TBIA, and provides a brief overview of the Taiwan’s biodiversity data status after integration, accomplished through the efforts of TBIA. The data integration effort has resulted in a cumulative count of 19 million records, while simultaneously enriching the portal with diverse data types owing to the distinctive profession and strength of each participating unit. For instance, integration has resulted in the incorporation of significantly more specimen records of marine and wetland species. Our future task involves promoting data use, establishing new connections with potential databases and publishing records from the integration effort in international data repositories (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility), enhancing the accessibility of the data worldwide.
Assessment of pharmacy students’ awareness and knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines in Jordan: A cross-sectional study at private universities
Authors: Salama Ali
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a global effort in developing vaccines to combat the virus. While several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized and distributed internationally, there is a lack of research on the knowledge and perceptions of pharmacy students regarding these vaccines in Jordan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students at a private university in Jordan from July 28 to August 5, 2022. A Google survey consisting of 12 questions was administered to 200 respondents.

Results: The survey aimed to assess pharmacy students’ understanding of COVID-19 clinical characteristics, transmission routes, precautionary measures, hazard control, and knowledge of the different types of COVID-19 vaccines available in Jordan. Literature review indicated that students primarily obtained information from social media (80%), written articles (20%), and television (10%). The overall score for students’ awareness of COVID-19 and its vaccines was 85%. The majority of students (82%) demonstrated a high level of knowledge and awareness of the pandemic. However, their understanding of hypercoagulation as an adverse event of COVID-19 vaccination and mask-wearing practices in various settings was limited. Most students believed that effective immunization strategies could eradicate the virus.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that pharmacy students possess a good understanding of COVID-19 and its vaccines. To enhance infection prevention among future pharmacists, measures and public awareness campaigns should be implemented to promote knowledge about the benefits of immunization in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
A review of the spider genus Sinoalaria (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with the descriptions of four new species and two new combinations
Authors: Zhang Jianshuang , Feng Chengcheng , Yu Hao , Lin Yucheng
Published: August 2023

The spider genus Sinoalaria Zhao & Li, 2014 is redefined and reviewed. A total of ten species are studied, including four new species: S. chi Yu & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. shenhei Yu & Lin, sp. nov. (♀), S. shuidi Yu & Lin, sp. nov. (♀), S. xiaotu Yu & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀). Two new combinations are proposed: Sinoalaria nitida (Zhao & Li, 2012), comb. nov. and S. prolata (Zhao & Li, 2012), comb. nov., both transferred from Karstia Chen, 2010. The material of six known species were re-examined and photographed, including the type species, S. chengguanensis (Zhao & Li, 2012). A key is provided for all species of the genus, as well as diagnoses, illustrations, and a distribution map.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Portal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Seo Jun-young , Kim Se Hwa , Yoo Yang Jae , Lee Ah Young , Park Sang Jong
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with cirrhosis has increased; the thrombosis ranges from asymptomatic partial to complete occlusion. Treatment is difficult. Anticoagulation therapy may be the optimal first-line treatment for patients with acute PVT who lack variceal bleeding or mesenteric ischemia. Minimally invasive treatment options include mechanical thrombectomy, chemical thrombolysis, and stent placement. However, the effectiveness and timing of anticoagulation and interventional therapies remain unclear.
Clinical Significance of Clonal Hematopoiesis
Authors: Cho Hanwool , Kim Jeong-A
Published: August 2023

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is associated with somatic mutations of the hematopoietic stem cells responsible for red blood cell formation. The incidence of CH increases with age and negative environmental factors. It is particularly common in patients on chemotherapy, and is associated with a greater than 10-fold increased risk for hematological malignancy. It also increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. Despite recent advances in molecular and genetic research, the clinical and translational aspects of disease require more attention. However, as data accumulate, prevention of disease onset and progression will improve.
A Case of Aphasic Seizure as a Manifestation of Nonketotic Hyperglycemia in a Patient Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ahn Jae Sung , Lee Dongyeon , Jeon Joohee , Ryu Jae-Chan , Chang Jai Won
Published: August 2023

Peritoneal glucose absorption in peritoneal dialysis causes hyperglycemia. Nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) includes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which refers to a condition that includes hyperglycemia, hyperosmotic pressure, and dehydration without severe acidosis. NKH is associated with various types of epileptic seizures, but aphasic seizure as a neurological complication of NKH is very rare. Here we report a case of aphasic seizure in a patient with NKH who underwent peritoneal dialysis. A 57-year-old man who had been undergoing peritoneal dialysis visited our hospital with the chief complaint of aphasia. His magnetic resonance imaging scan was normal, but his electroencephalography showed frequent generalized delta slow activity as well as epileptiform discharges originating from the left frontotemporal lobe. His dialysis modality was switched to hemodialysis and he was started on insulin for glucose control. The latter resulted in the disappearance of his seizures and of his aphasia.
On semi best proximity points for multivalued mappings in quasi metric spaces
Authors: Khan Arshad Ali , Ali Basit , George Reny
Published: August 2023

Due to the lack of symmetry property for the quasi metrics, we have considered left and right versions of best proximity points of multivalued mappings of quasi metric spaces. Further we consider the problem of existence of semi (left and right) best proximity points of generalized multivalued contractions of quasi metric spaces via various versions of so called $ p- $property. Some examples are given to explain the results.
Prioritizing Imperiled Native Aquatic Species for Conservation Propagation
Authors: Webb Molly A.H. , Guy Christopher S. , Treanor Hilary B. , Wilson Krissy W. , Mellon Cassie D. , Abate Paul , Crockett Harry J. , Hofmeier Jordan , Pasbrig Chelsey , Isakson Patrick
Published: August 2023

Native aquatic species are in decline, and hatcheries can play an important role in stemming these losses until larger ecological issues are addressed. However, as more federal and state agencies face budget uncertainty and the number of imperiled species increases, it is necessary to develop a tool to prioritize species for conservation propagation. Our objective was to create prioritized lists of aquatic species that may benefit from conservation propagation for five states in the United States. Biologists developed an influence diagram and provided information for multiple attributes affecting prevalence of species. The influence diagram and information for each species was used in a Bayesian belief network to generate a score to prioritize propagation of a species and the feasibility of propagation. When all taxa were ranked together within a state, mussels, amphibians, and a crustacean were included among fishes in the top species that may benefit from propagation. We recognize that propagation is one tool for conservation of imperiled species and that additional factors will need to be addressed to ensure species persistence. Nevertheless, we contend our quantitative approach provides a useful framework for prioritizing conservation propagation.
Internet Challenges and Safety of Children and Young People in Cyber Space
Authors: Misev Gordana , Putnik Nenad , Bošković Milica
Published: August 2023

Cyber space has enabled numerous social activities. The internet has become necessary for all spheres of life and an important element of social, political, and economic development. The world is more networked and connected than ever, with countless cyber possibilities. Children and young people are growing up with the use of information and communication technologies and the widely available internet. However, with numerous cyber activities, cyber security threats and challenges including cyber violence are also growing. The goal of the chapter is to show the negative sides of the internet and how risky the behavior of young people on social networks, which create certain social patterns of behavior, is. The importance of cyber security is not only related to cyber wars and crime, but also seriously affects personal (i.e., human) security and, above all, the security of young people.
Advances of Cyber Security in the Healthcare Domain for Analyzing Data
Authors: M. S. Guru Prasad , Gujjar Praveen , Naveen Kumar H. N. , Anand Kumar M. , Chandrappa S.
Published: August 2023

Analyzing healthcare data is an important part of improving patient outcomes and driving healthcare innovation. With the increasing digitization of healthcare records and the growing use of electronic health records (EHRs), there is a wealth of data available that can be used to inform clinical decision-making. Analyzing healthcare data comes with its own unique set of challenges. Healthcare data can be complex and voluminous, and it often exists in disparate systems and formats. Cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important in the healthcare domain, as the industry is rapidly digitizing and relying more on electronic data management systems. This chapter analyzed the current state of cybersecurity in the healthcare domain, discussing the common types of cyber threats faced by healthcare organizations and the potential impact of these threats on patient care. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of healthcare data analysis and to highlight the ways in which security feature can be used to drive improvements in patient care and healthcare outcomes.
Significance of Cyber Security in Healthcare Systems
Authors: Singh Anuj , Mandal Somjit , Purohit Kamlesh Chandra
Published: August 2023

The healthcare sector is one of the industries most vulnerable to cyberattacks. healthcare cybercrime is significantly expanding as it relates to healthcare services that are digitally enabled, and it aims to exploit security flaws and vulnerabilities. Technology improvements have exposed the healthcare sector to a wide range of extremely dangerous threats, such as ransomware. Ransomware, a sort of hack that targets both organisations and individual people, has become more prevalent recently as a result of its effective results. There has been a significant improvement in its disputes over the previous several years. The study includes answers as well as a complete overview of ransomware attacks. The main goal of this study is to classify the cyberattack defences employed by healthcare programmes to stop ransomware, such as blockchain and machine learning. Studies investigating information security, medical organisations, and security firms will all benefit scientifically from the study.
A Machine Learning-Based Framework for Intrusion Detection Systems in Healthcare Systems
Authors: Pant Janmejay , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Pant Himanshu , Singh Devendra , Pant Durgesh
Published: August 2023

A reliable intrusion detection system is an important key component of healthcare-based systems. Intrusion detection systems are crucial in e-healthcare because patient medical records must be maintained accurately, safely, and secretly. Errors in diagnosis and therapy might result from changing the actual patient data. It is not possible to handle complex data using traditional techniques. Current network requirements cannot be met by diversified intrusion techniques. In addition to the rise in data, attacks are also escalating rapidly. The area of network security is trending when it comes to machine learning techniques. This study aims to develop a novel machine learning framework for detecting attacks.
An Introduction to Nanopriming for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Agrawal Shreni , Das Richa , Solanki Shivangee , Choudhury Simran , Bhattacharya Indrani , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Amit kumar , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Tiwari Kavindra Nath
Published: August 2023

Plant seeds are of paramount importance in the agricultural sector as well as plant life cycle, and are being severely threatened by environmental changes such as biotic and abiotic stress, resource deficiency, climate fluctuation, etc. Cue, nano-priming, a nascent yet innovative approach to seed technology, combining versatility of nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials with ‘seed-priming' to induce adaptive physiological changes, thus, improving seed quality and crop yield. This study reported mechanisms by which nano-priming synchronizes seed germination, breaks seed dormancy, boosts seed vigor, increases tolerance to periodic stress conditions, assists phyto-microbiota to thrive under environmental uncertainties, creates nanopores in shoots along with upregulation of aquaporin genes for better water uptake, and other reported changes at molecular, biochemical level. Withal, this study offers insight on the future of nano-priming when blended with cutting-edge technologies like cold plasma, artificial intelligence, and digital analysis to revolutionize the agrarian sector.
The Role of Sustainability Indicators in Managing State-Owned Enterprises at the Regional Level
Authors: Barroso Josué Gutiérrez , Muñoz Francisco Flores , Báez García Alberto Javier , Valentinetti Diego , la Cruz Modino Raquel de
Published: August 2023

The sustainable development goals (SDGs), along with other internationally recognized frameworks, inspires better policies. At the European level, several institutions are also promoting better mechanisms to face present and future crises including social inequalities, food and energy supplies, and preservation of the environment. Traditional accounting systems in both public and private entities fail to capture these concerns into actual figures and concrete narratives. To face this challenge, several families of indicators have flourished. EFRAG (European Financial Reporting Advisory Group) is also preparing their own European sustainability reporting standards (ESRS), which will guide future European Directives on the matter. So, the years following 2024 will be a key period for the evolution of sustainability reporting, and hence, it is reasonable to consider that publicly owned enterprises are key scenarios. Hence, the aim of this work is to explore emerging reporting practices of region-owned enterprises from Canary Islands archipelago (Spain) and the Italian Abruzzi region.
Factors Affecting Two-Wheeler EV Adoption in Delhi NCR
Authors: Siraj Farah , Mehra Pooja
Published: August 2023

Consumers are now considering electric vehicles (EV) as a quickly developing operational alternative to vehicles that run on fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, and compressed natural gas (CNG), due to the growing environmental concerns brought on by the depletion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The investigation of probable elements influencing consumers' inclinations to adopt electric two-wheeler vehicle is the article's main goal. 365 individuals from Delhi NCR were surveyed online using the stratified sampling and cluster sampling technique to gather data using a quantitative approach. To identify the variables, an exploratory factor analysis—a potent statistical method—is performed using IBM SPSS 23. The study identified a few variables that affect the adoption of electric vehicles, including financial barriers, vehicle performance barriers, a lack of infrastructure for charging, environmental conservation, societal influences, and social awareness of electric vehicles.
Coal Fire Detection and Prevention System Using IoT
Authors: Pandiyaraju V. , Shunmuga Perumal P. , Muthumanikandan V.
Published: August 2023

Coal is one of the major natural sources of power production. It contributes to about 56% of the total production. Conventionally, coal is stored in stockpiles for production of electricity without any logs. Storage of coal for a longer time in the open type stockpile results in self-oxidation of coal, which leads to increased ignition temperature. Detection and prevention of spontaneous combustion and self-ignition stands to be major issues in stockpile. This chapter proposes an automated system using internet of things (IoT), which aids in detecting the fire at an earlier stage and to prevent it, thereby avoiding economic loss. Wireless sensor nodes are deployed to detect the parameters such as temperature, humidity, gases from the stockpile, and the data is transmitted to the server and to the ground station with the aid of GSM modules. Data is monitored in the ground station, and the critical values are evaluated to prevent fire by detecting it at its early stages. The system is implemented in an open rail coal stockpile, and the data is represented in the form of graph for evaluation.
Community-Building in a Virtual Third Space
Authors: Uresti Aubrey , Thomas Suzy R.
Published: August 2023

This chapter describes the evolution of educational third spaces as authentic learning communities that were intentionally and thoughtfully developed during the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown. Using creative and original approaches for community-building, addressing collective trauma, and promoting student engagement and enjoyment, the authors explore the impact of the pandemic on education and the methods they used to support their students and their own growth as educators—including seeking skills in digital literacy, integrating anti-racist pedagogy, and engaging in reflective practice. The chapter incorporates Oldenburg's description of third places and Bhabha's concept of cultural hybridity in third spaces as a foundation for understanding the development of virtual third spaces in teaching, professional development, and consultation settings. The chapter authors are counselor educators who transformed their in-person classrooms into dynamic virtual third spaces, where the concept of hands-on, experiential learning took on new meanings.
Self-Exploration to Understand Third Spaces in Intercultural Critical Incidents
Authors: Dix Beatriz Peña
Published: August 2023

This empirically based chapter investigates how higher education students from a Colombian university explore the meaning and construction of third spaces in the development of their intercultural awareness and competence. Based on a narrative, critical-incident approach, a group of 14 undergraduates analyzed their real intercultural encounters. These narratives and subsequent semi-structured interviews led to important findings. For the most part, when confronted with critical incidents, students opted for proactive participation and engagement in third spaces. Some frequent strategies addressed unveiling conflict, establishing dialogue, valuing knowledge co-production, propitiating active listening, (re)accommodating power relations, and revisiting how one's cultural identity and that of others are (re)shaped in a transitory relationship that could lead to the strengthening of intercultural competence. Students advocate for critical incident analysis and how it can be applied as extended knowledge in future intercultural encounters and in their own intercultural growth.
Asserting Sovereign Spaces Through a Tribally Placed Master's Cohort
Authors: Bill Denise , Hardison-Stevens Dawn , Ho'okano Sui-lan , Minthorn Robin Zape-tah-hol-ah
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, the authors share how asserting sovereignty through the Muckleshoot master's cohort is shifting third space into reclaiming Indigenous sites of learning and normative expectations for Native American students. The authors want to reimagine what graduate education looks like within a tribally placed master's cohort by sharing details about the Muckleshoot tribal college engaging education connections with Indigenous women faculty as anchors for graduate level instruction. They will share the impact of having three Indigenous faculty provide opportunities where the students embrace who they are by engaging their emotions and whole selves in the classroom. The authors also emphasize the importance of honoring Indigenous scholarship and the knowledge threaded throughout this cohort. They will then share the impacts of tribally and Indigenous-centered educational experiences including Indigenous ways of learning, emotional well-being, genealogical and land connections, Indigenous pedagogy, and research. Lastly, the authors provide recommendations for praxis. They will open and close the chapter in a good way.
Safedangering Childhood
Authors: Brown Jeanne Marie
Published: August 2023

Grounded in a hybrid conception of Third Space in conversation with Oldenburg, Soja, and Anzaldüa's nepantla, this chapter examines how children's outdoor spaces can be transformed into potential or actualized Third Spaces. Through six Third Space encounters this chapter explores the nature of these encounters, tools which can lead to Third Space solutions, and case studies which highlight lived solutions. Throughout this chapter, the term “safedangering” is used to describe both the interrogation of the idea of “safety,” the root of children's restrictions, and to overlap that with a generative view of danger rooted in upside risk. Three Third Space encounters spotlighted in the school section of this chapter include: a) regulatory first space meets belonging second space; b) “safe” playgrounds vs. risk affordances; and c) multigenerational green schoolyards. The three highlighted community Third Space encounters include: a) children's independent mobility; b) Forest Schools' unrealized Third Space potential in Indigenous encounters; and c) children as placemakers.
Framework for Creating Mass Entrepreneurial Intention in India
Authors: Kudtarkar Sandeep Ganpat , Ramesh G.
Published: August 2023

India's population (1.42 billion) surpassed the population of mainland China in April 2023, and it is certain to continue to grow for several decades. India's current job creation rate is not enough as the country adds 15 million fresh graduates every year to its labor force. Mass entrepreneurship can only create employment opportunities for unemployed youth, increase per capita income, a higher standard of living, revenue to the government in the form of taxes, and balanced regional development. Mass entrepreneurship entrepreneurial ecosystem integrating entrepreneurs, the government, private sector companies, venture capitalists, non-government organizations, such as entrepreneurs' associations, business incubators, and academia working in collaborative mode can unshackle the untapped spirit of mass entrepreneurship that will shape the future of India.
Malaysian Women Micro-Entrepreneur Performance, Role of Social Capital, Locus of Control, and Institutional Support on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Zaato Solomon Gbene , Uthamaputhran Sathiswaran , Ismail Mohammad , Parasuraman Balakrishnan , Nawi Noorshella Che , Salmann Ali
Published: August 2023

This chapter proposed a framework for the interactive effect of social capital, locus of control, and institutional support on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and micro-enterprise performance discourse lacking in a single study. The study used the unidimensional form of EO of women micro-enterprises in developing novel jobs towards narrowing the economic gaps of people. A quantitative approach is utilised with the help of the G-Power to establish the minimum sample size. The chapter provides significant value on the significance of the antecedent variables on women micro-entrepreneurs' perceived performance. The chapter is anchored on the model of strategic entrepreneurship, organisational learning, and learning organisation theories stressing how their adoption by women micro-entrepreneurs could enhance optimal performance. These findings' implications would offer a vital role on women entrepreneurs' performance. Further, the chapter will provide direction for policymakers and future research to enhance the optimal sustainable performance of women micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
The Entrepreneurial Intention of Young Trainees in Agricultural Fields in Morocco
Authors: Ibourk Aomar , Raoui Soukaina
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this chapter is to evaluate whether early orientation and education to entrepreneurship for the first time in agricultural vocational training through activities, programs, and education proactively promotes the cognitive processes that encourage trainees to intend to be entrepreneurs. Several empirical studies indicate that education can foster entrepreneurship. Yet the impact of entrepreneurship education programs on entrepreneurial skills and values remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study uses a survey among students and trainees in agronomic disciplines in three different regions: Meknes (Fes-Meknes region), Marrakech (Marrakech-Safi region), and Ouled Teima (Souss-Massa region). Thus, by using sample counts of 337 individuals, the results highlight the high impact of teaching coaching variables on entrepreneurial intention. Hence, these results are promising in the sustainable sense that they reveal the impact of investment in entrepreneurship education at a given point in time on the pathways of trainees.
Greek Consumers' Perceptions on Sponsored Food Advertisement Through Social Media and Its Effects on Their Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Sklavounos Nikolaos , Kartsiotis George , Rebholz Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

As the usage of social media becomes more and more infused in the daily life of billions of individuals, paid advertisement via them offers companies an enormous degree of visibility and exposure. This research investigates the perceptions, attitudes and behavioral responses of young Greek consumers regarding sponsored food products in order to determine the impact of this advertising method on their purchasing behavior. This study applies quantitative research methods to collect primary data besides the review of secondary sources from the existing literature. The collected data are analysed with the appropriate statistical tools and the research findings are discussed thoroughly. The results of the study reveal indicators and information about how food brands and sponsored food advertisement on social media are perceived by young social media users and how users respond and behave when in contact with sponsored advertisements while browsing on social media platforms. Finally, recommendations for future research are also presented.
Influence Maximization and Online Social Capital for Entrepreneurs
Authors: Venunath M. , Sujatha Pothula , Koti Prasad , Dharavath Srinu
Published: August 2023

Social networks are vital for businesses today, enabling them to reach a wider audience, engage with customers, and conduct market research. Influence maximization and online social capital are key to entrepreneurs' success, helping them strategically build and leverage networks to achieve specific goals. They can identify and engage with influencers, create high-quality content, and use tools to expand their reach. Social capital provides access to resources, builds reputation and credibility, and offers support and motivation. Successful businesses like Nike, Coca-Cola, Airbnb, and Tesla demonstrate the power of social networks in building customer relationships and promoting products. Overall, influence maximization is crucial for entrepreneurs to increase visibility, credibility, and influence in the digital age, helping them achieve their goals effectively.
Applications of Nanoparticles in Various Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Boopathi Sampath , Davim J. Paulo
Published: August 2023

Nanoparticles, which are particles with dimensions on the nanoscale, have a wide range of applications across many different fields. Nanoparticles are used in many fields, such as electronics, medicine, cosmetics, manufacturing, and materials science. They have unique properties such as a high surface area-to-volume ratio, high reactivity, and the ability to interact with biological systems. In this chapter, the applications and effects of nanoparticles in conventional—Lathe, Grinding, Milling, and drilling processes—and unconventional machining processes—electro-chemical machining, electro-discharge, ultrasonic, abrasive waster-jet machining—processes are illustrated. Special applications of nanoparticles in medicine, agriculture, food, construction, biotechnology, and IC engines have also been discussed. The limitations of using nanoparticles in engineering applications have also been explained.
Influences of Nanoparticles in Friction Stir Welding Processes
Authors: Suresh S. , Velmurugan D. , Balaji J. , Natarajan Elango , Suresh P. , Rajesh S.
Published: August 2023

Lightweight materials and their alloys are increasingly used in automobiles and aircraft due to their high specific strength and strength and weight ratio. The characteristics of aluminium materials and their alloys make applying traditional mechanical joining and welding processes difficult. Recently much research has been conducted to obtain reliable and high mechanical strength joints on aluminium alloys using various methods of joining process. This chapter provides a detailed review of recent research on nanoparticle-influenced friction stir welding on different aluminium alloys. The latest advancements and application of nanoparticle reinforcements in the joining behaviour of aluminium alloys are also systematically described. Finally, several unaddressed issues and future development in joining aluminium alloys with the addition of nanoparticles are included.
Impacts of Nanomaterials on Enhancing Concrete Quality
Authors: Harikaran M. , Kulanthaivel P. , Keerthana Devi P. , Sanchaya M.
Published: August 2023

Our perceptions, expectations, and ability to control over the world of building materials have transformed as a result of nanotechnology. The field of construction materials will be significantly impacted by advances in nanoscience. This study examines the steps used to stop or lessen concrete's deterioration, which contrasts with concrete with greater compressive strength. The mechanism of reaction clearly lays forth rules for how the likelihood of this disastrous reaction should be completely minimized. The microstructure of concrete became more homogeneous and less permeable as a result of the Nano filler effect and the pozzolanic reaction, which reduced permeability. The corrosion of the steel reinforcement, which is accelerated by the development of micro cracks, is one of the main inherent characteristics that contribute to the deterioration of structural elements. Impact of nano-silica particles on a blended cement paste's hydration, rheology, and strength development. An isothermal calorimetry reveals that nano silica particles cause cement to hydrate more quickly.
Nanoparticle Characterization and Bioremediation
Authors: Ahlawat Jyoti , Pandey Digvijay , Chaudhary Ravish , Verma Nidhi , Pandey Binay Kumar , Parkhe Shailesh Somnath , Dadheech Pankaj
Published: August 2023

Nanomaterials reduce biodegradable pollutants before promoting standard levels. Thus, nanomaterials could efficiently and sustainably treat environmental contaminants. However, additional research is needed to determine the destiny of environment remediation nanomaterials. This review covers biological and plant-based bioremediation nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials reduce waste and harmful material degradation costs. Nanomaterials/nanoparticles immediately catalyse waste and toxic material breakdown, which is hazardous to microorganisms, and enable microorganisms degrade waste and toxic materials more efficiently and sustainably.