bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The research of the susceptibility to antimicrobial medicines of Acinetobacter baumannii as pathogens of infectious complications in patients with hard burns
Authors: Nahaichuk V.I. , Nazarchuk O.A. , Osadchuk N.I. , Palyi D.V. , Nazarchuk H.H. , Köenig E. , Sorokoumova L.K. , Honchar O.O.
Published: December 2018

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii has become yet recognized one of the most leading causative pathogens of infectious complications in patients with severe burns. This greatly complicates the treatment of such patients and requires in-depth study with a prognostic determination of the dynamics of antimicrobial efficacy of antibacterial agents. The aim — to study the susceptibility to antibiotics in clinical isolates of A. baumannii, pathogens of infectious complications in patients with hard burns. From patients (n=435) with burns of the 2ndb – 3rd degree, isolates of A.baumannii were received in early period after burn trauma before antibiotic therapy. Patients who participated in the study received standard surgical, complex general and local treatment in the required volume according to the protocols for the treatment of this disease. In total, 222 clinical strains of A.baumannii were isolated and identified during 2011–2016. The susceptibility of clinical strains A.baumannii to the following beta-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, was determined by standard microbiological methods (qualitative disco-diffusion and quantitative double dilution methods). Using statistical methods, mathematical and analytical prognosis of the real sensitivity of A. baumannii strains to these antibiotics with the use of licensed computer programs “STATISTICA 7” was carried out; “Matlab 7.11”. The results of the study demonstrated a low susceptibility of clinical strains of A.baumannii to the studied beta-lactam antibiotics. The change in the antibiotic susceptibility profile of A.baumannii in 2011–2016 was established. Thus, the vast majority of strains were of low susceptibility to cefoperazone-sulbactam (55,6%), imipenem (57,1%) and meropenem (52,8%). In the dynamics, the prognostic decrease of the sensitivity in clinical isolates of Acinetobacteria to the antibiotics has been proved. The susceptibility of A.baumannii to amoxicillin-clavulanate was consistently low (less than 13,3%), and significantly decreased to cefoperazone–sulbactam (25,0%). The resistance of this pathogen to imipenem (up to 75,0%), meropenem (up to 84,3%) has been established to increase. At the same time, the gradual restoration of the susceptibility of A.baumannii to ampicillin–sulbactam (from 3,4% to 70,2%) was determined. The A.baumannii, pathogens of infectious complications in patients with burns, were characterized by a decrease in sensitivity to inhibitor-protected penicillins, carbapenems except ampicillin–sulbactam, that proved their low effectiveness against this pathogen.
The estimation of the treatment effectiveness of the experimental soft tissues septic wound with the application of polymer antimicrobial compound in the depo-form of decametoxinum
Authors: Bektemirova R.M. , Khimich S.D. , Kondratyuk V.N. , Kryzhanovskaya A.V. , Fomin O.O.
Published: December 2018

Today septic wound treatment demands from a surgeon a multipurpose approach. For the reason of the microorganisms’ resistance to antibiotics, specialists have to use more often various dosage forms of antiseptics. According to the topical cement antibiotic form, which is used in traumatology and orthopedics, the new antimicrobial polymer compound was designed, that contains decametoxinum. Previous studies in vitro proved the sustained-release of the agent. The purpose of our experiment is to study the treatment effectiveness of the new polymer compound dosage form of the decametoxinum in comparison with other treatment methods of septic-necrotic processes of soft tissues. We estimated on laboratory animals the effectiveness of alternative treatment approaches of the septic wound management, which were caused by S.аureus and P.аeruginosa, in different groups, including those where the new antiseptics’ dosage form was used. Three groups of the septic experimental wounds were treated by the principles of monotherapy — with liquid solution of decametoxinum, depo-form of decametoxinum and with intramuscular (IM) injection of etiological antibiotic — amikacin. The animals in fourth group received multipurpose treatment — depo-form of the decametoxinum topically with amikacin IM. Fifth group — was the control one. Visual estimation, bacteriological investigations were held according to the stages of the wound healing process. Macroscopic assessment of the wounds showed the best treatment effect in groups with depo-form application, especially during the first stage of the healing process. Finally, it was revealed that in groups where different dosage forms of decametoxinum were used the effectiveness of decontamination process was almost the same. But the wounds’ redressing with depo-form of decametoxinum was carried out once in three – four days, in comparison with daily redressings of the wounds in the group where it’s liquid form was used. The sanitation effect was more vital against P.aeruginosa, then in relation to S.aureus. The best results were received in the multipurpose treatment group — the complete bactericidal effect against all microbe populations was achieved. That grants us an idea about possible potentiation of the system antibiotic by topical antiseptic.
Features of syndromological pictures of non-psychotic mental disorders in combatants at delivered consequences of closed cerebrocranial trauma
Authors: Ratsyborynska -Polyakova N.V. , Semenenko K.M.
Published: December 2018

Disorders of the nonpsychotic level, which are accompanied by various manifestations of the syndromological picture, require due attention during the diagnostic process: in nonpsychotic mental disorders, it is always necessary to actively found comorbid disorders, therefore, in case of other disorders, it is necessary to remember the possibilities of developing this pathology, which is often hidden behind the mask related problems or violations. The special relevance of the study of these mental disorders is associated with the tendency to chronize the process and fix the symptoms in the form of persistent changes in the person, and also that when properly applied, issues of prevention of conflict situations associated with the phenomena of deviant behavior are solved, namely, alcoholism, suicidal intentions, injuries and so on. Surveys of combatants about the remote consequences of a closed craniocerebral trauma showed the presence of mental disorders in 60-80% of cases. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of manifestations of syndromological picture in the long-term consequences of closed craniocerebral traumas about to further prognosis and treatment of this category of patients. The basic methods of research were used: clinical-anamnestic, clinical-psychopathological, socio-demographic, psychodiagnostic, mathematical. Results of this work revealed that the primary syndrome is asthenic. Established: the heavier trauma, the more expressed nonpsychotic mental disorders of the combatants. In the future, it would be advisable to further explore the features of the manifestations of the syndromological picture at the long-term consequences of closed craniocerebral traumas in combatants.
Evaluation of the efficiency of modern schemes of antimicrobial therapy of acne
Authors: Tretiakov M.S. , Sidko I.Yu. , Fomina N.S. , Kordon Yu.V. , Kolodii S.A.
Published: December 2018

Acne is the most common cause of patients' treatment of dermatologists. It is known that in the development of the disease, along with the dysfunction of the sebaceous glands of the skin, plays a skin microflora, namely, staphylococci and propionibacteria. In this regard, in the schemes of complex treatment of acne, local medicinal forms of antibiotics are widely used. The aim of the work was to investigate the composition of the microflora contained in the contents of pustules with acne and to study its sensitivity to antibiotics in order to assess the effectiveness of modern methods of treating patients with acne. The contents of the efflorescences of 55 patients with acne have been studied. Isolated and identified 49 strains of bacteria. Their sensitivity to antibiotics of various chemical groups by the disco-diffusion method was investigated. The level of sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by the percentage of sensitive strains among the isolates. Quantitative determination of sensitivity to antibiotics was carried out by serial dilution of preparations in a liquid nutrient medium. It was not possible to isolate bacteria from the contents of pustules in 18.2% of patients. In 77.2% of the examined, microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus were isolated. In 28.9% of the patients, the propionibacterium was excreted in the contents of vesicular elements in monoculture and in association with staphylococci. The sensitivity of the isolates of staphylococci to beta-lactam antibiotics varied over a wide range and oxacillin was low (34.3%) and high to cefazolin (97.1%). Low sensitivity was isolated strains of staphylococci to antibiotics most commonly used in dermatological practice in integrated circuits acne treatment, namely: clindamycin — 45.7%, chloramphenicol — 34.3%, erythromycin — 17.1%. Similar characteristics of sensitivity to antibiotics are established for isolated strains of propionibacteria. The current state of the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms involved in the development of acne requires the correction of local antibiotic regimens for this disease. Appropriate adjustments should be made based on the results of a study of the sensitivity of the isolated microflora to antiseptics, to which resistance in microorganisms is formed slowly.
Prediction of the dysbiosis development risk by indicators of the condition-pathogenic microflora index
Authors: Gruzevskiy A.A. , Shevchuk G.Yu. , Dubina A.V.
Published: December 2018

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common types of infectious pathology of the reproductive organs of women mainly in reproductive age. The frequency of bacterial vaginosis over the past decade has doubled, ranging from 26% to 40–45%. Until now, the leading role in the emergence of bacterial vaginosis of obligate anaerobic bacteria has been proved, which is why it is regarded as a polymicrobial vaginal syndrome and is characterized not only by vaginal discharge, but also by damage to the cervix, the uterus, its appendages, childbirth. The etiological structure of pathogens of infectious processes in the last decade has changed significantly, which is due to the constant evolution of bacteria and the involvement of conventionally pathogenic microorganisms into pathological processes. The aim of the study is to identify the most informative indicators that objectively reflect the condition of the pathological process and develop a system for predicting the risk of occurrence and severity of dysbiosis behind these indicators. Studies were conducted in 298 women aged 16 to 64 years. 53 of whom were diagnosed with normocenosis, and 245 had dysbiosis. Statistical processing of data was carried out using variational and correlation analysis methods using the Application software package Statistica v.10 (StatSoft, Inc.). At the first stage of the analysis, the index of conditionally pathogenic microflora was considered as a resultant trait. To identify factors that are more associated with the risk of developing dysbiosis with IСPM, a selection of significant traits was performed using a genetic selection algorithm. At the second stage of the analysis, the prediction of the severity of dysbiosis with IСPM was considered. The nine factor attributes obtained with the help of mathematical analysis allowed us to predict the severity of vaginal dysbiosis with high accuracy and to calculate the IСPM indices. In addition, the phase of the development of the immune system reaction is shown in the development of vaginal dysbiosis — from the control state during normocoenosis to the development of immunoresistance in dysbiosis of grade 1 and expressed combined immunodeficiency in the presence of specific humoral response to bacterial antigens in dysbiosis of the 2nd degree.
Problem of efficiency of antibiotic prophylaxis ventilator-associated pneumonia in newborns
Authors: Fomina N. S. , Artsybasova I. A , Prokopchuk Z. M. , Trofimenko Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2018

The presence of the endotracheal intubation tube (EIT) in the respiratory tract is a factor contributing to the development of the VAP. The formation of biofilms on the surface of the ЕІТ is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated infections of the lower respiratory tract. The purpose was to study the biological properties of the microflora of the endotracheal tubes of newborns, determining the sensitivity of planktonic and film forms of microorganisms to antibiotics. 18 intubation tubes were examined. Gram-negative bacteria (77%) were the leaders among contaminants. From tubes of newborns there were isolated K.pneumoniae isolated (36%), E.сloacae (23%). The surface of the intubation in 9% of cases tubes was colonized Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, were insensitive to carbapenems, rifampicin, cephalosporins III and IV generations. P. aeruginosa has not shown sensitivity to cefoperazone/sulbactam, fluoroquinolones. There were sensitive 100% of strains P.aeruginosa to polymyxin. Stanotrophomonas were sensitive to fluoroquinolones in 100% of cases. Sensitivity of the K.pneumoniae to carbapenems and cefoperazone/sulbactam was determined in 50–58% of strains. E.cloacae strains demonstrated sensitivity to carbapenems in 100% of cases, and sensitivity to protected cephalosporins was 83%. Cefepim, meropenem, amikacin do not completely eliminate the viable cells of Stenotrophomonas, Klebsiella and Enterobacter cells from the biofilms, even under the maintenance of such a concentration during 4 days. Only viable cells of Pseudomonas in biofilms that were present in the solution of amikacin for more than a twenty-four hours were not detected. The low level of sensitivity of microorganisms colonizing endotracheal tubes to the majority of modern antibiotics and the complexity of exposure to biofilm forms of bacteria lead to complex large-scale studies and the introduction, based on their results, of protocols for treatment and prevention of infections.
New methodological approaches to the final control of quality of mastering the discipline: “microbiology, virusology, immunology”
Authors: Guminsky Yu.Y. , Kovalchuk V.P. , Vovk I.M. , Prokopchuk Z.M. , Fomina N.S.
Published: December 2018

On the way toward the integration of national higher medical education into the European educational space remains an open question about the optimal method of quality control of the acquired knowledge, which will determine the level of training specialists and achieve certain programmed learning outcomes. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of new methodological approaches to the final control and evaluation of knowledge acquisition in microbiology of the students at medical faculty. The usage of integrated assessment of knowledge in the discipline “Microbiology, virology, immunology” is introduced as an experiment, which involves the introduction of test control as a separate component of the oral test. This methodological approach allows to level out certain shortcomings of the oral examination and testing as separate methods of final control and more objectively evaluate the acquired knowledge of the discipline. On the basis of the analysis of the examination results, it can be concluded that the assessment of the student's educational activity during the course of the study of the discipline correlates with the results of the oral final test, and the results of the test control exceed 5–9% of the data of current progress and oral final control. The methodology of the complex estimation of the study final control of the discipline is a positive investigation, which allows to estimate more objectively the achieved learning outcomes, stimulates students to work independently, performing individual tasks, studying situational tests, developing communicative, professional skills, and allows to avoid the drawbacks of various forms of control by means of rating assessment of the discipline.
A webpage content of the department of microbiology and use for students training
Authors: Divinsky D.M. , Sorokoumova L.K. , Zhornjak O.I. , Divinsky O.T.
Published: December 2018

The Internet is the best means of transporting information. It provides instant and full access to the world knowledge and transportation of information.

Almost all educational institutions, research institutions have their own sites, which are constantly replenished with information. Network resources can greatly supplement the list of materials that students can use for training and self-training for practical classes. Purpose: to familiarize with the experience of informative filling of the web page of the Department of Microbiology. The purpose of the work is to familiarize with the experience of informative filling of the web page of the Department of Microbiology. Informative content of the site of the Department of Microbiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya is posted in three languages: Ukrainian, English and Russian, twice a year before the beginning of each semester: the calendar plans of lectures and practical classes, time-table of practical classes and lectures, time-table of consultations and working out of missed classes are changing. The information on the website is provided during the year as necessary. All information of the department page is divided into the following sections: news of the department, information about the staff of the department and basic information to the student for the convenient use by students in training for practical classes and workouts of missed classes. The site contains information about the exams for students who complete the studies at the department. The work on improving the web site of the Department of Microbiology and the systematization of data is constantly being carried out. During the year, it is planned to create units with information about dissertations, titles of articles and abstracts of the department staff, information on participation of staff in scientific conferences and congresses. The website of the Department of Microbiology presents a sufficient amount of information for use by students in training and search for practical classes.
Peculiarities of teaching clinical microbiology to foreign resident physicians
Authors: Ivanova S.A. , Tretyakov M.S. , Makats Ye.F.
Published: December 2018

The article describes the experience of teaching clinical microbiology to foreign interns at the stage of postgraduate training. The principles of structuring the lecture material to suit the profile of doctors-residents and the requirements for conducting practical classes are described. The purpose of the work is discussion the peculiarities of teaching clinical microbiology for foreign residents’ physicians at the present stage of education. The curriculum for teaching clinical microbiology to foreign residents is divided into thematic cycles. It is problem-oriented and is based on specific clinical situations. At the department lecturing on clinical microbiology is conducted according to thematic cycles. For clinical interns, 30 lectures and 10 hours of practical training were allocated. To monitor the perception of lectures by specialists, interactive training is used. Such basis to the study of the topic allows us to logically approach the study of the problem, take part in its discussion. Lectures play a leading role in the training of health professionals. The main task of introducing a series of lectures on clinical microbiology is to introduce young specialists the innovative methods of laboratory diagnosis of diseases, the etiological and starting point of which are microorganisms. Employees of the department actively develop, implement and expand thematic plans for resident physicians. Carrying out practical classes to residents-foreigners is necessarily based on an individual approach to residents with a mandatory account of their specialization profile. The experience of training clinical residents for the specialty “Clinical Microbiology” is planned to be included in the draft curriculum for residency.
On-line testing as a new method of student knowledge evaluation
Authors: Kovalchuk V.P. , Kovalenko I.M. , Kovalenko S.V. , Burkot V.M. , Kovalenko V.O.
Published: December 2018

Innovations change the world in all spheres of life, and education is not an exception. Modern requirements of time put us new challenges that require the use of new information technologies at all stages of the educational process in higher education institutions, in particular the use of the Internet. In addition, it has been noted that Internet resources increase motivation and contribute to the formation of a fully developed personality. Testing and evaluating students' knowledge and abilities is an integral part of the credit-module system. One of the forms of evaluation of the initial level of knowledge, consolidation and improvement of assimilation of information is testing. It should be noted that in a number of countries, testing has shifted traditional forms of control — oral and written exams and interviews. However, in Ukraine, educators remain adherents of a combination of testing and classical analysis of material. It allows the most efficient distribution of the training time of a practical class, 100% control of the knowledge and the effectiveness of mastering the material of all the students of the academic group. Technical progress stimulates the search for new variants and possibilities of testing, its various variations. One of the options that can help solve this problem was a smartphone. In order to facilitate the work of the teacher at the Department of Microbiology, an online testing system with the use of smartphones was introduced. Online testing is conducted among students with Ukrainian and English language training. With the Google Forms platform, the teacher creates a form which contains the student's records and tests. Students directly from the teacher get a link to fill out an online form directly at the lesson. For testing, a database containing standard KROK-1 licensed test tasks is used. The form can contain any number of test tasks that are in arbitrary order, as well as a changed order of distractors, which makes it impossible to write off. At the same time, all students are in the same conditions: all write one option. After submitting the form, the student receives a notification that his response is recorded. Re-linking is not possible. In turn, the teacher receives a message on the result of the test in the table — the ratio of correct answers to the total number of questions, as well as options for their answers. First and foremost, questions are displayed on which students gave the largest number of incorrect answers. This allows the topic to be considered in the process of discussion of the most difficult tasks from the students perspective, and in the future it will allow more efficiently to create forms for on-line tests and to focus on these issues.
The implementation of test control methods for the improvement of the quality content of high education in medical higher educational institution
Authors: Kolodii S. A. , Kordon Yu. V. , Nazarchuk O. A. , Osadchuk N.I.
Published: December 2018

The integration of Ukrainian system of Higher education into the European one accompanies by a transformation processes. The main goal of Higher school in our country is to prepare competitive specialists. The pedagogues of medical universities implement modern educational technologies with the use of analytically-searching work and scientific information. The implementation of new technologies of teaching is the important task of modernization of pedagogical system of mastering highly skilled specialists. The aim — to ground the implementation of test control for the estimation of quality of knowledge of future doctors. Gaining knowledge in microbiology is very necessary for future doctors to understand the principals of diagnostics and struggling infectious diseases. Knowledge in microbiology is basis for better understanding of clinical disciplines, as it assists logical perception of clinical data, influences on the forming clinical thought without which it is impossible to become a highly skilled specialist. The implementation of modern methods of studies, control, providing the increase of creative activity of students, forming and developing in them professional thought is one of the effective way of the improvement of quality of pedagogical training of highly skilled doctors. The experience of applying of the test control of knowledge in students in the medical university at classes of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology has been presented in the manuscript. The use of different types of test control has been proved to be one of the effective methods for determining the level of knowledge among students. Test control promotes the activation of cognitive activity, forms students’ skills of independent work, develops their logical thinking. Test control of obtained knowledge should be used in conjunction with other methods of studying the subject. The analysis of the results of the writing of the KROK-1 qualification exam by the students of the stomatological department has been conducted. The use of different methods of estimation of control of knowledge is necessary for its improvement. The study of microbiology is the important base of forming fundamental knowledge in students. Therefore, test control in a complex with other pedagogical methods can be used as one of the important and optimal methods to improve estimation of the basic level of students’ knowledge.
Methodological approaches to conducting lectures for foreign students on medical microbiology
Authors: Krizhanovskaya A.V. , Stukan O.K. , Honchar O.O.
Published: December 2018

The article discusses the main methodological approaches to the preparation of a lecture course on medical microbiology for foreign students at the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. The purpose of the work is to discuss methodological approaches to the preparation of a lecture course on microbiology, virology and immunology for foreign students to form their cognitive activity, the development of clinical thinking and qualitative mastery of discipline. In this work the main methodological bases of preparation of lecture material, its design, importance for mastering the theoretical, practical bases of basic training of foreign medical students are revealed. The main functions of the lecture, as the main form of preparation for practical classes, independent work of students and the preparation of the exam on discipline are highlighted. The role of the teacher's professional skill in mastering the subject "Medical Microbiology, Virology and Immunology" is shown. The present demands from a teacher who lectures to foreign students, the use of new methods and techniques and the introduction of new technologies, diverse approaches and improving the quality of teaching. The lecture is traditionally the leading form of study at a higher educational institution. It performs scientific, cognitive, educational functions. The lecturer must have high professional training, pedagogical skills, communicative skills and fluency in the English language. Lecture material should be presented to foreign students at an adequate scientific level, using modern teaching aids, to contain the basic provisions that are necessary for preparation for practical classes, organization of independent work of students, examination of the subject. The prospect of further improving the teaching of the lecture course is the creation of a multimedia lecture summary for Ukrainian-speaking foreign students.
Peculiarities of teaching “Psychiatry and narcology” to english-speaking students: basic problems and solutions
Authors: Marunkevych Ya.Yu.
Published: December 2018

The integration of the Ukrainian educational system into the world of educational space is a complex, multi-vector process requiring in-depth reform. The purpose is an analysis of the educational process of English-speaking students at the Department of “Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy with a Postgraduate Education Course”. The peculiarity of the educational process of English-speaking foreign students is that it includes a number of difficulties: the language barrier and difficulties of adapting to the new pedagogical system, social-cultural and mental differences of foreign students, lack of English literary sources on psychiatry, impossibility of direct communication with patients without an interpreter. To overcome the language barrier the discipline is taught in English. Foreign English-speaking students are involved in student scientific and practical conferences together with native students. Multimedia presentations, scientific videos, clearly demonstrating various psychopathological symptoms and nosology, are used to improve understanding and learning of the material. The individual approach to every student, improvement of the motivation level and stimulation of independent extracurricular training is an important principle of the educational process. For this purpose methodical recommendations have been developed and individual students' consultations are provided. For the formation of a doctor's clinical thinking the extended clinical situational tasks are used, cure and clinical discussions of patients with different psychic pathologies are held. Thus, the process of teaching of the discipline “Psychiatry and Narcology” to English-speaking students of the 4th course successfully combines both traditional and modern innovative teaching methods.
A new approach to determination of bactericidal activity of benzylpenycylin on Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Motyka O.I. , Slesarchuk O.M. , Pavlii R.B. , Kapustiak K.E.
Published: December 2018

Information on the bactericidal activity of benzylpenycylin is important when planning antibiotic therapy for a number of diseases caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (endocarditis, bacteremia, septicemia, etc.). However, methods for determining the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of antibiotics are complicated. The aim of the study was to develop a method for testing of diphtheria causative agent susceptibility to the bactericidal action of penicillin without MBC determination. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and MBCs in 80 strains of C. diphtheriae were determined using the standard broth dilution method (macromethod). The MICs were registered after 24 and 48 years of growth. After the first day of growth the MIC of penicillin was in the range of 0.017 to 0.5 mg / L, after second day — in the range of 0.035 to 0.5 mg / liter. The increase of the MICs for the second day of growth was observed in 47.5±5.6% of strains. MIC50 and MIC90 both after 24 hours and after 48 hours of growth were 0.13 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. MBCs of penicillin was in the range of 0.5 to 32.0 mg/L, MBC50 was 4.0 mg/l, MBC90 – 8.0 mg/l. In 35,0±5,3% of the studied strains, high MBCs (8.0 mg / l or higher) was detected. It has been established that in C.diphtheriae the relationship between the MIC and the MBC of penicillin is clearly expressed, taking into account the two values of the MIC – for the first and second day of growth. Investigated strains are divided into three conditional groups: 1) with MIC 0.13 mg/L and basically with low MBCs; 2) with MIC 0.25 mg/L, in most cases are not susceptible to bactericidal action, and 3) strains with MIC 0.5 mg/L and high MBCs. The most pronounced were differences in the prevalence of corynebacteria with high MBCs in two groups of strains: MICs which did not exceed 0.13 mg/L after 24 and 48 hours, and those in whom the MIC was 0.25 mg/L or higher already on the first day of incubation (Student's coefficient t=4.13, p<0.001). The obtained results can be used to improve the methods for determining of corynebacteria susceptibility to antimicrobials.
Optimization of styles and methods of teaching discipline “Psychiatry, Addictology” through the prism of transactional analysis
Authors: Mruh O.F.
Published: December 2018

The article argues the multifactoriality of obtaining knowledge and intensification of the educational process from transactional analysis and integrative pedagogy points of view. The importance of optimization of teaching methods for obtaining professional skills and personal development of students is argued. Different strategies and models of education are given, their psychosocial impact on the effectiveness of students' professional development in relation to the teaching and educational process, as well as the formation of their style of work in the future are considered. The urgency of optimization and intensification of the educational process in higher educational establishments of the medical profile is undoubted. The search for new variants of the pedagogical interventions for the formation and further development of competent specialists who would be able to use all their professional potential to provide quality medical care to the population, improvement of already existing methods of teaching disciplines, as well as the development of adequate and differentiated approaches to learning are at the center of attention. The experience of group processes helps to create necessary space for the effective growth and changes. Teaching and learning groups provide the opportunity to learn, build skills and promote a personal development. A teacher has a profound influence on the self-esteem of students in teaching, as well as on the strategies and models they will use in the course of training and professional processes, as the success of the experience in the educational group has a significant impact on the educational process and also forms the future style of work. Each teacher has his own learning style, which he prefers. The data also allow us to understand how a teacher as a group leader can behave in the most effective way in complex, conflict situations that may occur in the learning process at certain stages. Conclusions from these pedagogical strategies help to explain some certain complex moments of the learning process and allow to find the way to manage all aspects of it helping to set up more effective communication in a group, thereby finding more satisfactory and successful interpersonal relationships between group members. The given data allow to optimize the results of the educational process and to achieve its better efficiency.
Approaches to optimization of mastering of the discipline “Microbiology, virology and immunology”
Authors: Mrug V.M. , Rymsha O.V. , Trofimenko Yu.Yu.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of general microbiology is to study the morphology and physiology of microorganisms, the effect of external factors and their variability, diagnosis of diseases. This knowledge is important not only in the study of infection, but also in internal diseases sciences, surgery, gynecology, dermatology, etc. The objective of the work is to present methodological approaches to the teaching of medical microbiology to students of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. In our opinion, the methodical and informative developments practical classes in some form of basic program contribute to facilitated understanding and obtaining of the knowledge in microbiology by students. Each methodological development includes the relevance of the topic, the general purpose and specific goals, the main and additional literature. An important role in the mastery of discipline plays the workbook developed by the department for self-training and conducting practical exercises for microbiology, virology and immunology. It contains a thematic plan of practical classes on microbiology, virology and immunology for students of the medical faculty (specialty “Medicine”) and a thematic plan for non-auditing work of students. A protocol has been developed for each topic of every lesson, which includes a list of key issues to be studied and recommended literature. For self-control test tasks from data bank “Krok-1” and situational tasks are presented. Promising to improve the teaching of medical microbiology is the introduction of various methodological materials, one of which is a workbook for practical classes. This is important for the students to independently study material of instruction to use methodical manuals that give an opportunity to increase the efficiency of its learning and to restore knowledge from previous topics, integrated with those who study. The use of a workbook greatly improves the efficiency of practical work, as it contains the briefest information on the implementation of laboratory studies. When preparing the theoretical material, it is easier for students to master the key issues of the topics that will be considered during practical classes. Thus, the continuous improvement of the methods of teaching the subject and assimilation by the students of the program, can increase the level of knowledge on microbiology that will be required for the future doctor for the consistent and targeted possession of diagnostic techniques and the correct purpose of treatment.
Knowledge of microbiology in the system of training the students of medical specialties
Authors: Karbovanets O.I. , Кoval H.М. , Hasynets Y.S. , Kuruts N.V.
Published: December 2018

Actuality of the material set forth in the article is caused by the significance of microbiological knowledge in the system of medical students training of such medical specialties as “Medical service”, “Stomatology”, “Pharmacy”. The aim — to determine the content of knowledge of microbiological material, the organization of the process of their formation, effective assimilation in the system of training students of medical specialties. In this work the content, forms of formation and mastering of knowledge on microbiology by students of medical specialties are analyzed; applied theoretical, empirical methods of data analysis. It is determined that microbiological knowledge is an important component of the students competence to secure their naturally scientific and professionally practical training. It is proved that the knowledge content educational branch of the science “Microbiology” are scientific knowledge, facts, principles, ideas, laws, consistent patterns, and theories demanding students thorough study and comprehension. Structure of the knowledge the students should master, is expressed in the system of concepts, skills, skills and experience embodied info educational practice with the help of various forms, methods means and methodological ways. It was established that the organization of the process of formation and assimilation of knowledge received by students in the study of the subject “Microbiology” is fully determined by a variety of factors (group learning activities, project method, developed structure of organization and conducting independent work, scientific circle), which in the complex contribute to effective mastering of microbiological knowledge. The training of microbiology, which is expressed in this system, is an important component of the subject competence of the students, ensures their high natural-scientific and professional-practical training, which leads to the formation and qualitative assimilation of the integral system of knowledge, conditioned by the requirements of the program. Gaining and mastering knowledge is a purposeful, step-by-step and long-term process. The prospects for further research are seen in the improvement and use of certain materials in the system of training students of other educational fields of knowledge.
Methodological and organizational aspects of microbiology teaching in dental faculty of national medical university
Authors: Korniychuk O. , Shykula R. , Pavliy S.
Published: December 2018

An important task today is to bring the content of typical and working educational programs, as well as teaching methods to European educational standards for the optimization of the quality of teaching for the successful training of future dentists. The purpose of the work is to consider the methodological aspects of teaching microbiology and the peculiarities of student knowledge control at the Faculty of Dentistry of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (DHLNMU). The Department of Microbiology of DHLNMU educational process is carried out under the new curriculum by training the level II specialists. The maximum pedagogical skill of the faculty members of the department is used to create the motivation for studying the discipline “Microbiology, virology and immunology, including microbiology of the oral cavity” and the formation of clinical thinking of students-dentists. In particular, this is achieved through constant emphasis on professional orientation filed on lectures and practical training information, program updates by modern scientific material, facts, using innovative technologies. Achieving these goals is also carried out by independent research work of students. There was created a textbook for students of the Faculty of Dentistry, in which a lot of emphasis was placed on the professional orientation of the outlined teaching material. In particular, a number of parts are devoted to the study of individual representatives of the microflora of the mouth in norm and in pathology, as well as microbiocenosis of the oral cavity in general. In order to optimize the preparation of students, the Web-portal of the University contains working curricula, multimedia presentation of lectures, methodical recommendations for practical classes and independent work with examples of test tasks, examples of situational tasks to each topic in particular. The bases of test tasks for preparation for the final knowledge control are also presented. For foreign students, the teaching staff of the department developed methodological materials in English as well as workbooks, which helps in preparation for practical classes, during practical classes, as well as facilitates the independent study of a number of topics provided by the working curriculum. A collection of test tasks for the preparation of English-speaking students for the “Krok-1” licensed exam has been published. Assessment of knowledge is carried out by the ECTS. The exam includes the control of acquiring practical skills, test tasks, descriptive theoretical questions and situational tasks. The Department of Microbiology of DHLNMU is constantly working on providing the optimal organization of the educational process with the goal of training skilled dentists. Teaching staff constantly improves ensure that the students thorough fundamental knowledge to be useful for their future medical practice.
Features of psychophysiological adaptation of students of higher medical education in the dynamics of academic year obtained by cluster analysis
Authors: Makarov S.Y.
Published: December 2018

In the course of the conducted researches, features of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students of higher medical education in the dynamics of the academic year obtained by data of cluster analysis are determined. Evaluating the peculiarities of the data obtained when determining the cluster structure of physiologically-significant correlates of psychophysiological adaptation, it should be noted that their structures consisted of the following cluster groups: cluster associated with the characteristics of the speed of a simple and differentiated visual-motor reaction, simple audio-motor reaction and dynamic performance in conditions of monotony, cluster associated with the parameters of mobility of nerve processes, cluster associated with the leading characteristics of tepping-test during the observation period, cluster associated with generalized and individual (the number of premature reactions, delayed reactions and exact reactions) indices of the balance of nervous processes. However, analyzing the psychologically-significant correlates of psychophysiological adaptation, it was necessary to emphasize that their structures consisted of the following cluster groups: cluster associated with the characteristics of emotional burnout, and above all the characteristics of its main phases: phases of stress, resistance and exhaustion, cluster associated with the indicators of asthenic and depressive states, cluster associated with the characteristics of the leading properties of temperament and, above all, indicators of neuroticism, cluster associated with the indicators of the mechanisms of psychological protection, the cluster associated with the characteristics of the level of subjective control of the individual, primarily the characteristics of the general internality, the level of subjective control in the field of educational relations and attitudes to health, cluster associated with the indicators of the properties of anxiety and character, and, ultimately, a cluster associated with the leading characteristics of aggressive manifestations, first of all, indicators of irritability, negativity, indirect aggression, indices of aggression and hostility.
The bacteriological research in case of acute respiratory infections: actual, informative and effective
Authors: Klymnyuk S. I. , Romanyuk L .B. , Volianska L .A. , Burbelа E .I. , Kravets N. Ya. , Borak V .P.
Published: December 2018

The most common nosology in the routine work of family doctors is acute respiratory infections. The etiological composition of the acute respiratory viral infections is changing from year to year, which causes difficulties with the use of treatments. Purpose - improvement of tactics of a family doctor for antibiotic therapy of acute respiratory infections. Clinical manifestations of all etiological forms of ARI are similar, which complicates their differentiation. One of the leading - respiratory syndrome, is determined by the local defeat of certain parts of the respiratory tract. The pathogens of these diseases are mainly viruses, but the role of bacteria is also indisputable. According to the results of bacteriological studies with ARI, pathogens often include opportunistic bacteria of the staphylococcus group, streptococci, other aerobic and anaerobic cocci, representatives of the intestinal group and Candida, which can cause antibiotic-resistant forms. The family doctor should establish the diagnosis of respiratory infections, solve the problem of symptomatic therapy and agree on a strategy for the appointment of antibiotics. Most acute respiratory infections even in the absence of antibiotic therapy are recovering. Therefore, the tactics for the appointment of antibiotics should be determined depending on the severity of the disease, the belonging of the patient to certain risk groups. It would be advisable to include the collection of information on previous bacteriological studies and the preliminary history of the use of antibacterial agents, which would allow a family doctor to be better targeted when prescribing antibiotic therapy. The algorithm of the physician's action in the case of acute respiratory infections should be expanded at the point of coordination of the strategy of antibiotic therapy, adding to it the purpose of bacteriological examination in each case of diagnosis of ARI.