bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemetaan Sebaran Hujan Rancangan menggunakan Metode Interpolasi Kriging di DAS Rejoso
Authors: Rachmadini Chandrarien Ahayu , Harisuseno Donny , Wahyuni Sri
Published: January 2024

Mengatasi masalah banjir di DAS Rejoso dibutuhkan penyediaan informasi hidrologi yang cepat dan akurat. Informasi tersebut dapat berupa peta spasial hujan rancangan. Analisis frekuensi dilakukan menggunakan metode Gumbel dan Log Pearson Tipe III dengan kala ulang yang berbeda. Peta dibuat dengan curah hujan rancangan kala ulang 2, 5, 10, 25 50, dan 100 tahun. Curah hujan rancangan dihitung kemudian diolah menggunakan metode interpolasi Kriging untuk membuat peta spasial hujan rancangan. Dilakukan perbandingan dengan peta milik Kementerian PU dimana nilai menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik dimana nilai KR berkisar antara 0-20%. Perbedaan ini tentunya diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti luas daerah studi, dan data yang digunakan. Hasil peta juga dievaluasi menggunakan tiga metode yaitu NSE, RSR, dan PBIAS. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan nilai NSE kriging menunjukkan nilai mendekati satu mengindikasikan performa peta yang sangat baik. Sedangkan untuk nilai RSR metode kriging menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan. Begitu pula dengan nilai bias metode kriging menunjukkan hasil yang baik.
Analisis Hidrologi dan Hidrolika Sungai Untuk Pemodelan Banjir Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Bencana Pada Sungai Kali Surabaya
Authors: Briantama R. Haryo , Suhartanto Ery , Sajali Muhammad Amar
Published: January 2024

Banjir pada Sungai Kali Surabaya terjadi akibat kondisi cuaca ekstrem berupa hujan dan arus sungai yang deras dan menyebabkan sungai meluap. Fenomena meluapnya Sungai Kali Surabaya terjadi karena luapan air Sungai Brantas yang mengalir melalui Kali Surabaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model banjir di Sungai Kali Surabaya dan merancang jalur evakuasi di Sungai Kali Surabaya. Analisis hidrologi dilakukan untuk memperkirakan debit rencana  dengan kala  ulang 2  tahun sebesar 164.453 m3/detik, kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 341.107 m3/detik, kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 458.068 m3/detik, kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 605.848 m3/s, dan kala ulang 50 tahun adalah 715,479 m3/detik. Pemodelan hidrolika dilakukan menggunakan 2D HEC-RAS. Luasan genangan banjir yang diperoleh dari rancangan debit kala ulang 2 tahun seluas 79 ha, debit kala ulang 5 tahun seluas 199 ha, debit kala ulang 10 tahun seluas 311 ha, debit kala ulang 25 tahun seluas 403 ha dan debit kala ulang 50 tahun adalah 478 hektar. Kajian mitigasi bencana berupa peta jalur evakuasi berdasarkan analisis sebaran banjir Sungai Surabaya di Kota Surabaya mengidentifikasi 8 titik kumpul dan 3 titik evakuasi akhir yang tersebar di tujuh wilayah kecamatan sepanjang Sungai Kali Surabaya.
The Formation of the Justice System in the Early Years of Soviet Power
Authors: Vidashev I. I.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of this article lies in the study of the formation and formation of the institution of the justice system in the nascent Soviet state, the factors that influenced the formation of courts, the selection of persons administering justice. This historical experience is unique in many respects, since simultaneously with the collapse of the monarchy, a new socialist state was born on its territory, the ideological and political foundations of which largely predetermined the foundations laid in the foundation of the future judicial system of the RSFSR and modern Russia.

Purpose: disclosure of the features and distinctive features of the formation of courts during the formation of Soviet power.

Objectives: identification of factors influencing the formation of the justice system on the territory of our state in the post-revolutionary period.

Methodology. The article uses a complex of general scientific and special-legal research methods due to the historical-legal and partly interdisciplinary nature of the article.

The results of the study are of a historical and legal nature and made it possible to identify factors influencing the formation and formation of the Soviet justice system in the post-revolutionary period, namely the class struggle, communist ideology, the need to win the Civil War and consolidate its results, the use of courts as another control body for citizens of the state, admission to the administration of justice of persons who do not have a special education.

Conclusions. The studied period of the development and functioning of justice on the territory of our state was characterized by the elimination of the previous system of administration of justice, the reliance on revolutionary legal consciousness in the administration of justice, the subordination of courts to representative bodies elected by citizens, the presence and functioning of revolutionary tribunals.

As a result of the initial reforms of the courts, the previously existing unified foundations for the administration of justice were eliminated, and new ones were just beginning to form; as a result of the reforms, judges began to be elected from representatives of the people, regardless of their professional knowledge, which significantly affected the quality of justice, but contributed to its openness.
Peculiarities of Interbranch Relations of Family Legal Relations
Authors: Rutkovskaia O. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. One of the problems of family law is the need to distinguish separate groups of family legal relations, which need different variants of interbranch regulation. 

When searching for solutions to this problem, the author, based on the analysis of legal regulation of family legal relations as a branch of law and the correlation between the norms of family law and norms of other branch affiliation, concludes that it is necessary to distinguish, firstly, family legal relations directly, which are characterized by the dominance of family law norms with limited application of norms of other sectoral affiliation to achieve the goals defined by family law, and, secondly, legal relations, which can be characterized as "complicated" by a family element, in the regulation of which the application of family law provisions is aimed at taking into account the requirements of family law within the framework of legal relations, generally regulated by norms of other branch affiliation.

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions that determine the features of manifestation of interbranch relations of family legal relations at the present stage of development of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Objectives: to identify problems associated with the presence of interbranch relations of family legal relations; to analyze interbranch relations of family legal relations taking into account the peculiarities of the existing sectoral legislative regulation; to propose variants of differentiation of family legal relations by the criterion of dominance in their regulation of norms of family law or norms of other branch affiliation, to determine the directions of further development of legal regulation of the issues under consideration.

Methodology. When writing the work used dialectical-materialistic method, system method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method.

The results of the research are are of theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of family legal relations.

The conclusions made in the article are of a discussion nature, aimed at the continuation of research in the framework of the declared subject. The article is a continuation of the author's scientific research on the development of the theory of family legal relations.
Consideration of the Economic Purpose and Intent of the Infringer in Determining the Amount of compensation for Infringement of Exclusive Rights
Authors: Kamenskii M. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Compensation for violations of exclusive rights to works and other intellectual property objects is the main method of protection used by authors and right holders. The possibility of using a compensatory approach in determining the amount of recovery from the infringer acquires special significance in the conditions of the development of modern technologies, leading to the emergence of new ways of using works, in the implementation of which the right holders do not have the opportunity to unambiguously establish the scope of use and the amount of damages caused. At the same time, the practice of applying the provisions on compensation for violations of exclusive rights has revealed the need to develop additional criteria to exclude cases of unjustified recovery of disproportionate compensation in the formal application of the methods of their calculation established by law.

The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of using additional criteria, such as "economic purpose" and "unity of intent of the infringer", when establishing the amount of compensation for violations of exclusive rights to works and other intellectual property objects, taking into account the development of judicial practice and clarifications of the courts of higher instances.

Objectives: to identify problems associated with the application of the criteria of "one economic purpose" and "unity of intent of the infringer" in determining the amount of compensation for violations of exclusive rights to works and other objects of intellectual rights; to identify opportunities for further development of legal regulation taking into account the above criteria.

Methodology. In preparing the study the author applied general scientific methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, system method, formal-legal method.

The results of the research have theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil legal relations.

Conclusions. Conclusions. The conclusions made in the article are of a controversial nature, aimed at further development of approaches contributing to the uniform solution of problems arising in the application of legislative provisions on determining the amount of compensation for violations of exclusive rights to works and other intellectual property objects in order to prevent and suppress such infringements, as well as compensation for losses caused by them.
Problems of Non-Contractual Transfer of Rights to Results of Intellectual Activity
Authors: Kozlova M. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The article analyzes the cases in which the legislation recognizes the possibility of transfer of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity without concluding contracts with the right holders, including in the case of inheritance of such rights and in various forms of reorganization of a legal entity - the right holder. 

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions that take into account the interests of participants of civil legal relations in various cases of non-contractual transfer of rights to the results of intellectual activity.

Objectives: to identify the problems associated with the non-contractual transfer of rights to the results of intellectual activity; to analyze the peculiarities of legal relations associated with such a transfer, taking into account the peculiarities of the existing legislative regulation; to propose solutions aimed at eliminating contradictions between the interests of the participants of legal relations arising from the non-contractual transfer of rights to the results of intellectual activity.

Methodology. The dialectical-materialistic method, system method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formallegal method were used in writing the work.

The results of the research are of theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of atypical types of civil legal relations.

Conclusions. The conclusions are drawn on the need to ensure the possibility of documentary confirmation of the fact of non-contractual transfer of the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity in all cases when such transfer occurs as a result of reorganization of a legal entity, as well as to provide authors and other right holders with the possibility to include in alienation contracts the obligations preventing the circumvention of the provisions on payment of remuneration and other essential conditions of such contracts. The proposed solutions will make it possible to ensure the circulation of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity and guarantee compliance with the obligations provided for in agreements on the alienation of such rights.

The article is a continuation of the author's scientific research on the issues related to the protection of the rights of authors and their heirs.
Rights of Business Companies and their Participants to the Results of Intellectual Activity
Authors: Marasanov V. M.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. One of the most effective options for the realization of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity when there are several interested parties is the assignment by them of exclusive rights to such results to a business entity owned by them. The resulting indirect ownership of rights allows for joint disposal of them under the indirect control of the participants of business entities, distribution of income between them according to preestablished agreements, attraction of investments in exchange for a share of participation or shares in the business entity - the right holder.

At the same time, the indirect ownership of rights to the results of intellectual activity, carried out through the business company owned by interested parties, leads to the need to strengthen their control over the disposal of intangible assets owned by the business company, because in the absence of proper control there is a risk of loss or limitation of the possibility of using the most valuable intangible assets.

The purpose of the research is to develop theoretical provisions defining the peculiarities of the implementation of indirect ownership of rights to the results of intellectual activity owned by business entities, while preserving the possibility of control by the participants of such entities.

Objectives: to identify the problems associated with the indirect ownership of rights to the results of intellectual activity assigned to business entities; to analyze the existing risks of loss or limitation of the possibility of using the results of intellectual activity owned by business entities in the absence of effective control over their disposal by the participants of such entities.

Methodology. The dialectical-materialistic method, methods of analysis and synthesis and formal-legal method were used in writing the work.

The results of the research are of theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of relations related to the use of the results of intellectual activity.

Conclusions. The conclusions made in the article are of a discussion nature, aimed at the continuation of research in the framework of the declared subject. The article is a continuation of the author's scientific research on the issues considered in it.
Public Danger and Problems of Qualifying the Creation and Operation of Fraudulent Call-Centers
Authors: Kashkarov A. A. , Kashkarov A. A. , Ignatov A. N.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The use of technological progress by criminals for criminal purposes is one of the pressing problems today. In this context, modern information and communication technologies deserve special attention, providing the possibility of global communication, exchange and storage of information, learning and knowledge acquisition, optimization and anonymization of financial transactions. Manipulating people's consciousness through the use of information and cognitive technologies is today a common way of committing various types of fraud. These opportunities are fully and actively used in the implementation of such a group form of fraud as the activities of fraudulent call centers. 

The purpose of the study is to assess the public danger and identify problems in qualifying the creation and operation of fraudulent call centers. 

Objectives: to identify compliance with the essence of the criminal activity of fraudulent call centers and assess the public danger of this criminal activity;identify problems in classifying such acts and suggest ways to eliminate them. 

Methodology. When writing the work, the tools of dialectical, systemic and activity-based approaches were used, as well as general logical thinking techniques, general scientific and special scientific methods.

Results. It has been established that the underestimation of the public danger of the activities of fraudulent call centers, and, accordingly, the insufficient effectiveness of measures taken today to counter them, are due to ignorance of the fact that the joint criminal activities of fraudsters in this case form a criminal community. 

Conclusions. This type of criminal activity corresponds to all the characteristics of a criminal community (struct redness; unified leadership; the purpose of creation is to commit one or more serious or especially serious crimes to obtain directly or indirectly financial or other material benefits).In addition, the qualification of the activities of fraudulent call centers under Art.210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will allow the court to ensure the possibility of confiscation of property obtained as a result of criminal activity.
National Identity and Foreign Borrowing in the Legal Forms of Personnel Management: History and Modernity
Authors: Chub N. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The introduction of special rules for the use of foreign vocabulary in the texts of public acts, improving the form of a business letter, modifying the structure of documents in accordance with the powers of public authorities are trends in the current and past Russian administration experience. Both in the modern and historical and legal context of scientific research, it is relevant to consider state approaches in the field of regulating official paperwork, which are aimed at forming a stable management model in accordance with domestic national interests and values.

The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between elements of national identity and foreign models in the state personnel practice of document flow in Russia in the 18th century, which is useful for taking into account this experience in modern transformations of the foundations of legal and business writing.

Objective: are to consider legislative innovations in terms of regulating the field of record keeping and personnel management; to identify forms of record keeping in the XVIII century and socio-political factors influencing their application; a retrospective assessment of the methodology for drafting texts of government acts.

Methodology. The methodology is based on comparative legal, comparative historical, historical legal and systemic research methods.

The results of the study indicate the improvement of grammatical, stylistic, translation and other business skills and competencies of personnel of public authorities. A historical and legal analysis of the directions of development of personnel management revealed an active borrowing of foreign vocabulary in the execution of administrative acts. The clerical mechanism of interdepartmental communication gradually became more complicated, and the procedure for receiving and responding to petitions from private individuals was regulated.

Conclusion. The experience of forming the Russian management and personnel practice of paperwork, developing in conditions of value crises and political contradictions, is important for taking into account the political and legal measures carried out in the modern state.
Moral and Legal Aspects of the Digital Transformation of the Criminal Proceedings in Russia and Foreign Countries
Authors: Chistilina D. O.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The article examines the legal and moral aspects of digitalization of the criminal proceedings. The existing system of criminal proceedings presupposes the direct participation of a person at all stages, which reinforces the subjective factor. Automation of some processes will reduce the time spent on certain stages of legal proceedings and ensure objectivity. However, criminal procedural norms are closely related to moral norms, and some of them are dispositive in nature. In this regard, the digitalization of the criminal proceedings should be carried out taking into account both legal and moral imperatives.

The purpose of the research is the analysis of legal and moral principles in the framework of the digital transformation of criminal procedural activity, taking into account the existing legal system.

The objectives of the research: to investigate the combination of legal and moral norms in criminal procedural activities, to determine the importance of the moral aspect in criminal proceedings in the context of digital transformation, to consider the possibility of introducing artificial intelligence systems into criminal proceedings.

The methodology of the research is presented by the dialectical method, the comparative legal method, the method of systematization and special legal methods.

Results. The introduction of information technologies is possible in two ways: as an auxiliary mechanism of legal proceedings and as the main element of the resolution of a criminal dispute. The first way is currently being actively introduced into criminal procedural activities through the gradual introduction of electronic document management, expanding the possibilities of using video conferencing, etc. The second way is the most difficult, as it causes discussions in theory and in practice.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the introduction of artificial intelligence systems, although it will facilitate the activities of the law enforcement officer, will completely eliminate the moral element in the criminal procedure. The algorithm will not be able to take into account the unique circumstances of the case. In any case, the law enforcement officer must participate in this process. In addition, any technical innovation should be regulated in detail in the criminal procedure legislation.
About Ways to Commit Crimes Against Property on the Internet
Authors: Moskalkov A. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance of the article is due to the rapid growth in Russia of mercenary crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies. The largest share of such crimes in the structure of criminal encroachments on property falls on fraud and extortion. The article provides an original analysis of the methods of their commission, which have become most widespread on the Global Network. It is predicted that this type of cybercrime in the future may become one of the serious problems, since criminal schemes for using network Internet resources are constantly updated, and it is not possible to establish all methods.

The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific knowledge of available and new ways of committing mercenary crimes using the Internet to effectively counter them.

Objectives: on the basis of judicial practice, media reports, Internet sources, to identify existing and new methods of committing mercenary crimes on the Internet.

Methodology. When writing the work, methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction), as well as statistical, documentary and formal-logical methods were used.

The results of the study consist in describing the available and establishing new methods of committing crimes against property, affecting the qualitative and quantitative indicators of mercenary crime in general. A certain gap in criminological science on the problems of theft of someone else's property through fraudulent actions and extortion on the Internet has been filled. The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of law enforcement agencies.

Conclusion. The socially dangerous consequences of committing cybercrimes against property are determined by their mass, huge number of victims, great damage and high latency. Rapid virtualization of all areas of society makes it possible to predict a consistent increase in encroachments against property on the Internet.
Analysis of the Social Policy Organization in Post-Soviet Russia in the Context of International Experience
Authors: Podolskiy V. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The organization of social policy was significantly modified in Russia during the post-Soviet period, due to the transformation of the economic system. Many foreign countries at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries also changed their approaches in the field of social policy, introducing market elements following the example of the United States, as well as responding to demographic changes and economic difficulties. Studying the features and dynamics of domestic and foreign social policy is valuable for consideration of the best practices and problems, for the development of political science and for making decisions.

Purpose: show how the preservation of the goals of social policy in Russia after the collapse of the USSR was ensured when its instruments were changed, compare the domestic system with foreign ones.

Objectives: to show what challenges did the social policy system face in Russia and abroad, how approaches to solving problems in the social sphere have changed, show the formation and functioning of pensions, the healthcare system, unemployment protection and other social policy measures in Russia and foreign countries.

Methodology. The article relies on comparative historical approach, analysis of legal documents, institutions, organizational features and statistical data. The article is based on reports from government departments and analytical companies.

Results. Economic and demographic problems at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries create similar challenges for Russia and other countries, but in Russia the impact of these problems was stronger, and Russia also faced administrative challenges. In the post-Soviet period, Russia attempted to reorganize social support along the lines of insurance, but a universalist approach, which involves financing from taxes. The system of social policy in modern Russia does not fall behind foreign analogues in its architecture, scale and efficiency. Its weaknesses are a lot of duplicating benefits, outpacing rates of indexation of social payments and low financing of the healthcare system.

Conclusions. Russia managed to preserve the most important achievements of the Soviet period in the field of social security, namely pensions, free education and health care.
The Interaction of Government and Society in an Online Dialogue (on the Example of the Kostroma Region)
Authors: Zyabliko A. V. , Maksimenko A. A. , Akhunzyanova F. T. , Zaitsev A. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The article analyzes the transformation of the interaction of society and government from offline dialogue to online communication - on the example of the Kostroma region.

The purpose of the study is to identify the opportunities and forms of online interaction between the government and society for discussing socially significant topics.

Objectives: to analyze the content of public discussions taking place at the regional level and related to the construction, restoration and functioning of objects of cultural significance; to identify forms of integration into the digital public space of techniques that characterize traditional dialogue; to identify a range of problems that hinder an effective and equal online dialogue between government and society.

Methodology. The research is based on a dialectical understanding of socio-cultural processes and phenomena, on general scientific and logical methods of cognition. Ideographic, historical-comparative, and institutional methods are used.

The results of the research are theoretical and applied in nature and are aimed at finding effective techniques that eliminate barriers to alienation of society and government in the digital public sphere, ensuring interested and productive participation of the parties in the discussion of a socially significant agenda.

Conclusions. The nonlinear and spontaneous nature of the transformation of offline dialogue into online communication is noted, which is explained by the insufficient adaptive resource of a part of society, as well as the survivability of old management technologies and models. The possibilities and advantages of online communication for discussing socially significant topics are revealed. It is proved that at present a significant part of legislative or technical obstacles to establishing a productive online dialogue between the authorities and the population have been eliminated - mental and psychological obstacles remain. It is concluded that the escapist tactics of the authorities, ignoring the request of the population to participate in the discussion of regional and urban problems, as well as the destructive revelatory pathos into which the opposition often falls, is an equally fragile basis for the search for public consensus. It is noted that the digital public sphere is still evaluated by some government representatives primarily as a resource for formalizing and standardizing dialogue with citizens.
The Legal Nature of Compensation Payments to Citizens Participating in Shared-Equity Construction
Authors: Solovykh S. Z.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Meeting the needs of citizens for housing is a constitutional obligation of the State, and at the legislative level it is implemented in various forms, including through participation in shared-equity construction. In cases when a developer becomes bankrupt and cannot fulfill its obligations to shareholders, various measures are provided by law to guarantee the restoration of property rights. Such measures also include a compensation mechanism aimed at ensuring the payment of funds by the Public Law Company "Territorial Development Fund" to compensate citizens participating in construction who have claims for the transfer of residential premises, parking spaces and non-residential premises included in the register of claims of construction participants.

However, the peculiarity of the legal status of the Fund as a public law company creates problems for the law enforcement officer to determine the legal nature of these compensation payments, which negatively affects the level of protection of citizens' rights. 

The purpose of the study is to identify the legal nature of compensation payments made by the PPK "Territory Development Fund", to determine the effectiveness of the legally established compensation mechanism.

Objectives: to determine the legal status of the Fund, to identify the peculiarities of the procedural and legal status of the Fund in cases of insolvency (bankruptcy) of the developer, to analyze the legal facts that constitute the grounds for succession between the bankrupt developer and the Fund.

Methodology. In preparing the study, the author applied general scientific methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic method, a formal legal method.

Results. In the course of the study, it was determined that the compensation mechanism and obligations to pay money to shareholders are of a civil nature. When determining the effectiveness of the compensation mechanism, its low level is established, since the goal of ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens participating in construction is not fully achieved.

Conclusions. The current compensation mechanism does not ensure the restoration of the right to housing by participating in shared construction. The factors that have a negative impact can be called a significant change in socio-economic conditions and poorly effective legal means that generate collisions and gaps in legal regulation, which negatively affects the process of their implementation.
Methodological Basis for Systematization of Objects of Civil Rights: Problem Statement
Authors: Semenova E. G.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The development of the latest information, biomedical and other technologies has determined the emergence of new benefits to which the interest of subjects of civil law is directed, which determines the vivacity of the scientific assessment of their essence and legal nature. Objects of civil rights require comprehensive research not only within the scope of their qualifications, but also in the context of systemic analysis. The main methodological problem is the lack of a systematic approach to the presentation of the normative provisions of the current civil legislation regulating the objects of civil rights, as well as certain methodological omissions at the doctrinal level regarding the conceptual basis for systematizing the objects of civil rights. 

The purpose of the study is to establish the methodological basis for systematizing the objects of civil rights. 

Objectives: analyze legislative and doctrinal approaches to building a system of objects of civil rights, identify their shortcomings and ways to eliminate them. 

Methodology. When writing the work, the method of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, general logical techniques and tools of the systems approach were used. 

Results. It is substantiated that effective legal regulation cannot be carried out by simply listing the objects of civil rights and/or enshrining the legal regime of some of them in legislation in isolation from other elements of the mechanism of legal regulation.

 Conclusions. As a methodological basis, the use of a systematic approach is substantiated, which will allow establishing criteria for classifying an object as an object of civil rights, determining its legal regime, providing a special procedure for regulation, conditions and procedure for the emergence, implementation and termination of subjective rights, the object of which is such an object of civil law, their protection.
The Regime of Medical Secrecy and Civil Liability for its Violation
Authors: Surkov A. N. , Agarkov B. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The article analyzes the institution of medical secrecy and the ways of its protection by a citizen as a personal non-property good. The legal regulation of the concept of «medical secrecy» in healthcare legislation has not eliminated the problems of its civil protection. The examples of judicial practice show ways to protect the information constituting a medical secret when they are disclosed by persons who are obliged to comply with it. Based on the analysis of certain legislative acts concerning medical secrecy, contradictions in the established guarantees of confidentiality of personal information about the patient were revealed. Taking into account the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, accepted by the courts of general jurisdiction, the circumstances that are not recognized as a violation of the patient's medical secrecy are determined.

The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific knowledge about the regime of medical secrecy and the specifics of responsibility for its violation.

Objectives: identification of the peculiarities of the regime of medical secrecy and civil liability for its violation, identification of problems related to the implementation of the patient's right to protection of medical secrecy based on the analysis of the norms of civil legislation, scientific publications, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction on claims for protection of medical secrecy.

Methodology. The work uses general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: dialectical, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, system-analytical and formal-legal.

The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature and are aimed at finding optimal solutions for effective protection of patient data that constitute his medical secrecy. 

Conclusions. The author substantiates the need for recognition at the legislative level of medical secrecy as an independent personal intangible good; it is proposed to legislatively expand the range of subjects engaged in professional activities in the interests of the patient to obtain information constituting medical secrecy without his special consent.
The Law on Digital Financial Assets as a Modern Mechanism for Achieving a Balance of Private and Public Interests
Authors: Filippov P. M. , Sadkov A. N.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The use of new mechanisms for fixing property rights (on the example of the phenomenon of "digital financial assets") allows not only to ensure the satisfaction of private interests, but also contributes to the efficiency of attracting investments into the national economy; the digital form of fixing property rights acts as a certain means of achieving a balance of private and public interests, characterized by the use of new legal structures, subject to comprehensive research.

The purpose of the study is to clarify the place of digital technologies (using the example of digital financial assets) in ensuring a balance of private and public interests. 

Objectives: to identify the essence of the category "balance of private and public interests"; to determine the place of the construction of "digital financial assets" in ensuring the proper level of consistency of private and public interests.

Methodology. When writing the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, the system method, the dogmaticlegal method and the method of interpretation of the norms of law were used.

Results. The authors argue that the essence of the balance of private and public interests at the present stage of the development of Russian society should be considered not only to ensure the free disposal of individuals with their property and abilities, but also to provide them with confidence in the effectiveness of the requirements imposed on the state in compliance with its own Basic Law – the Constitution to prevent the arbitrariness of public authorities. The authors formulate proposals to improve the turnover of property rights recorded in digital form by the design of digital financial assets.

Conclusions. Digital financial assets are a promising investment financial instrument that allows meeting the needs of individuals in preserving and incrementing their property, which contributes to the efficiency of attracting investments into the national economy and ensuring a balance of private and public interests.
Cocreating an Automated mHealth Apps Systematic Review Process With Generative AI: Design Science Research Approach
Authors: Giunti Guido , Doherty Colin P
Published: January 2024

Background

The use of mobile devices for delivering health-related services (mobile health [mHealth]) has rapidly increased, leading to a demand for summarizing the state of the art and practice through systematic reviews. However, the systematic review process is a resource-intensive and time-consuming process. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential solution to automate tedious tasks.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using generative AI tools to automate time-consuming and resource-intensive tasks in a systematic review process and assess the scope and limitations of using such tools.

Methods

We used the design science research methodology. The solution proposed is to use cocreation with a generative AI, such as ChatGPT, to produce software code that automates the process of conducting systematic reviews.

Results

A triggering prompt was generated, and assistance from the generative AI was used to guide the steps toward developing, executing, and debugging a Python script. Errors in code were solved through conversational exchange with ChatGPT, and a tentative script was created. The code pulled the mHealth solutions from the Google Play Store and searched their descriptions for keywords that hinted toward evidence base. The results were exported to a CSV file, which was compared to the initial outputs of other similar systematic review processes.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of using generative AI to automate the time-consuming process of conducting systematic reviews of mHealth apps. This approach could be particularly useful for researchers with limited coding skills. However, the study has limitations related to the design science research methodology, subjectivity bias, and the quality of the search results used to train the language model.
Atrophic Postacne Scar Treatment: Narrative Review
Authors: Attia Enas
Published: January 2024

Acne scarring is a frequent complication of acne. Scars negatively impact psychosocial and physical well‐being. Optimal treatments significantly improve the appearance, quality of life, and self-esteem of people with scarring. A wide range of interventions have been proposed for acne scars. This narrative review aimed to focus on facial atrophic scarring interventions. The management of acne scarring includes various types of resurfacing (chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion); the use of injectable fillers; and surgical methods, such as needling, punch excision, punch elevation, or subcision. Since the scarred tissue has impaired regeneration abilities, the future implementation of stem or progenitor regenerative medical techniques is likely to add considerable value. There are limited randomized controlled trials that aimed to determine which treatment options should be considered the gold standard. Combining interventions would likely produce more benefit compared to the implementation of a single method.
Oral Cannabidiol for Seborrheic Dermatitis in Patients With Parkinson Disease: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Weber Isaac , Zagona-Prizio Caterina , Sivesind Torunn E , Adelman Madeline , Szeto Mindy D , Liu Ying , Sillau Stefan H , Bainbridge Jacquelyn , Klawitter Jost , Sempio Cristina , Dunnick Cory A , Leehey Maureen A , Dellavalle Robert P
Published: January 2024

Background

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) affects 18.6%-59% of persons with Parkinson disease (PD), and recent studies provide evidence that oral cannabidiol (CBD) therapy could reduce sebum production in addition to improving motor and psychiatric symptoms in PD. Therefore, oral CBD could be useful for improving symptoms of both commonly co-occurring conditions.

Objective

This study investigates whether oral CBD therapy is associated with a decrease in SD severity in PD.

Methods

Facial photographs were collected as a component of a randomized (1:1 CBD vs placebo), parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of a short-term 2.5 mg per kg per day oral sesame solution CBD-rich cannabis extract (formulated to 100 mg/mL CBD and 3.3 mg/mL THC) for reducing motor symptoms in PD. Participants took 1.25 mg per kg per day each morning for 4 ±1 days and then twice daily for 10 ±4 days. Reviewers analyzed the photographs independently and provided a severity ranking based on the Seborrheic Dermatitis Area and Severity Index (SEDASI) scale. Baseline demographic and disease characteristics, as well as posttreatment SEDASI averages and the presence of SD, were analyzed with 2-tailed t tests and Pearson χ2 tests. SEDASI was analyzed with longitudinal regression, and SD was analyzed with generalized estimating equations.

Results

A total of 27 participants received a placebo and 26 received CBD for 16 days. SD severity was low in both groups at baseline, and there was no treatment effect. The risk ratio for patients receiving CBD, post versus pre, was 0.69 (95% CI 0.41-1.18; P=.15), compared to 1.20 (95% CI 0.88-1.65; P=.26) for the patients receiving the placebo. The within-group pre-post change was not statistically significant for either group, but they differed from each other (P=.07) because there was an estimated improvement for the CBD group and an estimated worsening for the placebo group.

Conclusions

This study does not provide solid evidence that oral CBD therapy reduces the presence of SD among patients with PD. While this study was sufficiently powered to detect the primary outcome (efficacy of CBD on PD motor symptoms), it was underpowered for the secondary outcomes of detecting changes in the presence and severity of SD. Multiple mechanisms exist through which CBD can exert beneficial effects on SD pathogenesis. Larger studies, including participants with increased disease severity and longer treatment periods, may better elucidate treatment effects and are needed to determine CBD’s true efficacy for affecting SD severity.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03582137; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03582137
Public Interest in Acetyl Hexapeptide-8: Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Olsson Sofia Eva , Sreepad Bhavana , Lee Trevor , Fasih Manal , Fijany Arman
Published: January 2024

Background

Acetyl hexapeptide-8, also known as Argireline, is a topical, short-acting, synthetic peptide that has recently gained popularity for its antiwrinkle effects. This agent has emerged as a more accessible alternative to botulinum neurotoxin.

Objective

This study evaluates the public interest in acetyl hexapeptide-8 in the United States from 2013 to 2023, as described by search volume on Google, the most-used search engine.

Methods

We analyzed the longitudinal relative monthly search volume from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023, for acetyl hexapeptide–related terms. We compared the internet search trends for “Botox” during this period to “Argireline.”

Results

The terms “Argireline” and “Botox in a Bottle” both had substantial increases in search volume in 2022. Although its search volume is drastically increasing, “Argireline” was less searched than “Botox,” which had a stable, up-trending search volume over the past decade.

Conclusions

The increasing interest in acetyl hexapeptide-8 may be due to its cost-effectiveness and use as a botulinum neurotoxin alternative. Affordability, over-the-counter availability, and ease of self-application of the agent suggest its potential to enhance accessibility to cosmetic dermatologic care.