bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuidado integral: contribuições da análise existencial para formação do enfermeiro
Authors: Oliveira Ferreira Anna Rebeka , Cibeli dos Santos Noely
Published: January 2021

Esta pesquisa propõe-se a analisar a opinião do aluno de Enfermagem sobre as contribuições da Análise Existencial na sua formação. Estudo de caráter qualitativo, realizado com discentes do curso de Enfermagem do segundo ao oitavo período. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas por meio do Grupo Focal, e para análise foi escolhido a técnica de análise de conteúdo de acordo com Bardin, que revelou 76 Unidades de Significado, oito Categorias temáticas que formaram duas Unidades Temáticas Centrais. A Análise Existencial pode contribuir para a formação humana, pois traz uma fundamentação que permite uma vivência real da humanização do cuidar, possibilitando sair do discurso para uma reflexão do seu sentido, além de possibilitar uma melhor compreensão do cuidado integral, de forma que estes passam a influenciar os outros a praticarem esse cuidado na assistência mesmo em situações não favoráveis.
Comunicação e amamentação: simulação clínica para educação em enfermagem
Authors: Fonseca Graminha Poliana Monti , Nogueira de Góes Fernanda dos Santos , Monti Fonseca Luciana Mara , Aukar de Camargo Rosangela Andrade , Carmo Silva Francislene do , Ferreira de Lima Vanessa
Published: January 2021

O estudo objetivou desenvolver e validar cenário para simulação clínica sobre a comunicação e amamentação na Atenção Primária a Saúde. Pesquisa metodológica, com oito professores e nove pós-graduandos, em duas etapas. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2018. Na etapa 1 realizou-se validação semântica do cenário escrito com cinco professores que preencheram instrumento. Na etapa 2 validou-se o cenário em atividade laboratorial simulada, com os demais participantes, que preencheram checklist durante o processo de simulação. Em ambas as etapas, a validação foi considerada quando se atingiu Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) superior a 0,8 para cada item dos instrumentos. Na etapa 1 todos os itens atingiram IVC de 1,0. Na validação do cenário, todos os itens atingiram IVC superior a 0,8, excetuando-se “avaliação das mamas”. Conclui-se que o cenário validado cientificamente pode ser aplicado na educação em enfermagem, bem como ser aliado na educação permanente em saúde.
Acidentes por quedas: assistência profissional na estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Silveira Cardoso Leticia , Dalla Lana Letice , Fontella Sant’Anna Cynthia , Busanello Josefine , Zavarese da Costa Valdecir , Regina Cezar-Vaz Marta
Published: January 2021

O acidente por queda representa a terceira maior causa de morte no país, fomentando ações multiprofissionais de promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde. O estudo objetivou conhecer a assistência dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família nos acidentes por quedas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo-analítico, transversal ao processo de trabalho de 72 profissionais vinculados a oito equipes de Saúde da Família de um município da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. As entrevistas foram gravadas, digitalizadas e organizadas em um banco de dados no formato de texto. Os dados foram processados no software IRAMUTEC e analisados pela classificação hierárquica descendente, análise de similitude e nuvem de palavras. Os resultados mostram que os profissionais realizam atendimento das vítimas de acidentes por quedas, de forma diferenciada na assistência e gerência, com ênfase na resolutividade, na pessoa idosa e na continuidade do cuidado na Rede de Atenção à Saúde.
Aplicativo mobile para o cuidado à beira leito da puérpera
Authors: Bispo de Barros Francisco Railson , Silva Lima Raquel Faria da , Guerreiro Menezes Elielza
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um aplicativo como tecnologia do cuidado à beira leito para a puérpera. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de inovação tecnológica, fundamentado na Teoria do Cuidado e nos princípios da Engenharia de Software, construído em quatro fases. O protótipo foi desenvolvido na plataforma Android, sendo classificado como uma tecnologia dura de alta fidelidade e intitulado de Puerpério SEGURO. O aplicativo dispõe de interface principal com fluxograma no menu de opções otimizando sua funcionalidade, conta com um checklist para avaliação do binômio mãe-bebê, notificação em tempo adequado à equipe de resposta rápida e no final da avaliação uma interface para a prescrição do plano de cuidados, além de armazenar em nuvem todos os dados cadastrados. O aplicativo foi desenvolvido com sucesso, tendo demonstrado em dados preliminares um grande potencial para auxiliar a enfermagem obstétrica no acompanhamento e cuidado da puérpera à beira leito.
Percepções de puérperas sobre a assistência ao parto normal humanizado
Authors: Stabnow Santos Floriacy , Chaves Sousa Letícia , Sousa Siqueira Laise , Graepp Fontoura Iolanda , Costa Maia Dias Ismália Cassandra , Santos Neto Marcelino
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção de puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade pública do Nordeste Brasileiro quanto ao parto humanizado. Estudo qualitativo realizado entre abril e maio de 2019, por meio de entrevista, com 16 puérperas internadas em unidade hospitalar que tiveram parto normal. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin e emergiram quatro categorias: Compreensão das puérperas quanto ao parto humanizado; Momento de parir; Assistência recebida pelos profissionais e Apoio ao nascimento: importância do acompanhante. A humanização do parto é um tema que ainda precisa ser esclarecido entre as gestantes, e o parto configura-se como um momento de dor e satisfação ao ver o filho. A assistência recebida durante o trabalho de parto e parto foi descrita como acolhedora, porém, ainda prevalecem práticas que devem ser desencorajadas. A presença do acompanhante é essencial, bem como a capacitação dos profissionais sobre o tema da humanização do parto.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose: um estudo de coorte
Authors: Leitão Casellato Thaís Fernanda
Published: January 2021

O Mycobacterium Tuberculosis - agente causador da tuberculose (TB) possui maior chance de desenvolver em pessoas que, vivem em situação de confinamento, presídios. Esse estudo foi descrito do tipo coorte. Foi analisada a Ficha Oficial de Notificação Compulsória, no município de Campinas, SP em 2006, com total de 45 presidiários. As variáveis foram verificadas no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Houve predominância do sexo masculino com 88,9%. A faixa etária mais acometida pela doença foi a de 30,1±8,4 anos. A forma clínica pulmonar foi predominante com 93,3%. O exame de baciloscopia e cultura de escarro foi realizado em 51,1% dos casos. Dentre esses, 43,5% eram positividade. Quase 50% não realizaram o teste Anti HIV. Os doentes que fizeram o exame 22,2% apresentavam a comorbidade Aids. O estudo propõe a intervenção e medidas de implementação de saúde pública, a fim de detectar os casos novos e prevenir a doença.
Fatores de risco para a depressão pós-parto: revisão de literatura
Authors: Souza Torres de Araújo Kydja Milene , Andrade Silva Suelane Renata de , Aquino Freire Daniela de , Silva de Almeida Isabella Joyce , Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Amanda Oliveira Bernardino , Santos Baptista Rosilene
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo objetiva identificar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da depressão pós-parto. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados: BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE; utilizando os descritores Fatores de Risco e Depressão Pós-Parto. Foram avaliados 163 artigos, sendo incluídos no estudo 18 por atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. Predominaram estudos em inglês (77,8%), com abordagem quantitativa (100%) e realizados no Continente Asiático (33,3%). Diversos são os fatores de risco, dentre eles encontra-se o nível de HDL, a presença de diabetes gestacional, dentre outros fatores ginecológicos, sociodemográficos, familiares, clínicos e psicológicos. As evidências mostram que estes são fatores que perpassam o cotidiano dos profissionais de saúde independente da categoria que ocupam, entretanto, devido à sua dinâmica de trabalho ou até mesmo a falta de conhecimento, não há rastreio efetivo para este agravo.
Dificuldades enfrentadas na assistência de enfermagem à parada cardiorrespiratória em APH móvel: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Pires Juliana de , Pereira Alberto Thaís , Souza Negreiros Amanda , Mendes de Oliveira Alice , Novais Borges Karla Natyara , Galdino de Souza Danielle
Published: January 2021

O estudo se desenvolveu com o intuito de investigar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel à parada cardiorrespiratória. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa, que foi conduzido após o levantamento de publicações, restringidas ao período de 2008 a 2018. A pesquisa foi realizada com a plataforma proporcionada pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) por meio dos principais descritores: equipe de enfermagem, parada cardiorrespiratória e reanimação cardiopulmonar. A participação dos profissionais de enfermagem, na assistência ao paciente vítima de PCR, é importante, porque estes possuem o papel de liderança e de gerenciamento frente ao atendimento de emergência, mas se o desconhecimento e a inexperiência estiverem presentes, torna-se problemático oferecer um cuidado de qualidade. Ressaltamos a importância do profissional de estar preparado para oferecer um atendimento adequado aos pacientes em ambiente extra-hospitalar, por meio do SAMU, conduz a entender que haja mais o desenvolvimento da educação em saúde, sendo promovida pelos enfermeiros em suas respectivas instituições de trabalho, para diminuir essa falta de preparo da equipe e melhorar a qualidade assistencial.
Humanização do parto à luz da teoria do cuidado transpessoal: revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Torres de Araújo Kydja Milene , Andrade Silva Suelane Renata de , Aquino Freire Daniela de , Silva de Almeida Isabella Joyce , Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Amanda Oliveira Bernardino , Santos Baptista Rosilene
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo objetiva analisar as evidências científicas a respeito da percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem frente ao cuidado humanizado no parto normal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura em 6 bases de dados, sem recorte temporal quanto ao ano de publicação, com utilização dos descritores Parto Humanizado e Enfermagem Obstétrica nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Os dados foram avaliados por meio da análise de conteúdo e à luz da Teoria do Cuidado Transpessoal de Jean Watson. Seis artigos foram selecionados dos quais emergiram duas categorias: o cuidado humanizado no parto normal é o estabelecimento de um relacionamento de ajuda-confiança; e o cuidado humanizado no parto normal é a provisão de um ambiente mental, físico, sociocultural e espiritual sustentador, protetor. Apesar de todo o avanço tecnológico, os profissionais de enfermagem enxergam o cuidado humanizado em sua essência tornando-se coadjuvantes nesse processo.
Percepção dos preceptores e residentes em anestesiologia em relação ao checklist de cirurgia segura
Authors: Soares Ana Katia , Araujo Mayara Daiane , Reda da Silva Elaine
Published: January 2021

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção da equipe médica, representada por preceptores e residentes em anestesiologia, sobre o checklist de cirurgia segura. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre dezembro e janeiro de 2019 com 24 profissionais (18 preceptotes e 6 residentes em anestesiologia) que atuavam no Centro Cirúrgico de um Hospital Universitário, localizado no interior de São Paulo. Os resultados evidenciaram que embora os profissionais reconheçam a importância do checklist de cirurgia segura, a maioria referiu adesão parcial ao instrumento. Além disso, verifica-se a necessidade de um novo olhar para o instrumento implantado, visto que a somatória de concordância plena e parcial, relacionadas a falta de dados e a falta de clareza das informações, contidas no checklist de cirurgias seguras, ultrapassaram 50%. Logo, a importância da educação permanente para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança do paciente e também da compreensão da responsabilidade coletiva.
Educação permanente em saúde: o cuidado seguro à criança hospitalizada
Authors: Barbosa da Silva Valentina , Conceição Stipp Marluci Andrade , Alves Mendes Vanessa , Cabral Siqueira Tatiane , Rodrigues Tadeus Vivian , Souza de Oliveira Andrade Josimeire
Published: January 2021

Relatar a experiência da educação permanente em saúde na prática da higienização das mãos. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a educação permanente em saúde na temática de higienização das mãos com profissionais de saúde de um hospital infantil. As atividades foram desenvolvidas em conjunto com a Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, divididas em quatro momentos.  A experiência possibilitou a aquisição de novos conhecimentos e percepção das dificuldades que os profissionais possuem para a adesão da técnica correta de higienização das mãos, além de evidenciar a importância da educação permanente com os profissionais para a mudança no processo de trabalho. A realização das atividades permitiu a vivência de experiências significativas para o grupo, envolvendo aspectos pessoais, acadêmicos e profissionais contribuindo para o conhecimento da situação e incentivo a continuação de novos projetos que estimulem a educação permanente no âmbito hospitalar.
Ultraviolet B irradiation-induced keratinocyte senescence and impaired development of 3D epidermal reconstruct
Authors: Wattanapitayakul Suvara K. , Chularojmontri Linda , Schäfer-Korting Monika
Published: January 2021

Ultraviolet B (UVB) induces morphological and functional changes of the skin. This study investigated the effect of UVB on keratinocyte senescence and the development of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). Primary normal human keratinocytes (NHK) from juvenile foreskin were irradiated with UVB (30 mJ cm−2) and these effects were compared to NHK that underwent senescence in the late passage. UVB enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and halted cell replication as detected by BrdU cell proliferation assay. The senescence phenotype was evaluated by beta-galactosidase (β-gal) staining and qPCR of genes related to senescent regulation, i.e. p16INK4a, cyclin D2, and IFI27. Senescence induced by high dose UVB resulted in morphological changes, enhanced β-gal activity, elevated cellular ROS levels and reduced DNA synthesis. qPCR revealed differential expression of the genes regulated senescence. p16INK4a expression was significantly increased in NHK exposed to UVB whereas enhanced IFI27 expression was observed only in cultural senescence. The levels of cyclin D2 expression were not significantly altered either by UVB or long culturing conditions. UVB significantly induced the aging phenotype in keratinocytes and impaired epidermal development. RHE generated from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes showed a thinner cross-sectional structure and the majority of keratinocytes in the lower epidermis were degenerated. The 3D epidermis model is useful in studying the skin aging process.
Norcantharidin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis via activation of ERK and JNK, but not p38 signaling in human renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells
Authors: Huang Shuaishuai , Tuergong Gulimire , Zhu Hangjie , Wang Xue , Weng Guobin , Ren Yu
Published: January 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is generally acknowledged as the most resistant primary malignancy unresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments. Norcantharidin (NCTD), a therapeutic compound derived from medicinal plants, has been shown to trigger apoptosis, as well as antimetastatic and antioxidant activities in several tumor cells. However, NCTD’s mechanism of antitumor activity in the RCC cell line remains unclear. In this study, we report that NCTD led to a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. It had also markedly induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing the expressions of pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9, cyclin B1, and pCDC25C while increasing active caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, P21, and pCDC2 levels. Interestingly, NCTD treatment provoked the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not of p38 MAPK. Moreover, SCH772984 and SP600125, ERK and JNK inhibitors, respectively, could partially abolish NCTD-induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings suggest that NCTD might activate JNK and ERK signaling pathways, consequently inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest through the modulation of related proteins. This study provided evidence that NCTD is a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of RCC.
Sitagliptin: a potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19?
Authors: Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Hajjo Rima , Sabbah Dima A.
Published: January 2021

Recently, an outbreak of a fatal coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has emerged from China and is rapidly spreading worldwide. Possible interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with DPP4 peptidase may partly contribute to the viral pathogenesis. An integrative bioinformatics approach starting with mining the biomedical literature for high confidence DPP4-protein/gene associations followed by functional analysis using network analysis and pathway enrichment was adopted. The results indicate that the identified DPP4 networks are highly enriched in viral processes required for viral entry and infection, and as a result, we propose DPP4 as an important putative target for the treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, our protein-chemical interaction networks identified important interactions between DPP4 and sitagliptin. We conclude that sitagliptin may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, especially for diabetic patients and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions who are already at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality.
A new RP-HPLC method as an auxiliary tool for optimization of sample preparation procedures for tracing of PPCPs of different hydrophilicities
Authors: Portillo-Castillo Omar J. , Castro-Ríos Rocío , Chávez-Montes Abelardo , González-Horta Azucena , Cavazos-Rocha Norma , De Torres Noemí Waksman , Garza-Tapia Marsela
Published: January 2021

Recently, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have received considerable attention because of their increasing use. Analysis of PPCPs presents a significant analytical challenge, with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reversed-phase mode, as the most widely used analytical technique. To facilitate the optimization of the procedures that are applied in the early stages of sample preparation, a simple and fast HPLC method is proposed in this work for the separation of some PPCPs with a wide range of hydrophilicity. Two columns were evaluated (Atlantis dC18 and Discovery HS F5); as for mobile phases: a formate buffer (40 mmol L−1, pH 4) and methanol were tested in a gradient mode. The fluorinated column allowed better separation in a shorter time and better resolution for all analytes (Rs
> 1). The proposed method delivered good performance for the tracing of PPCPs and is a suitable alternative to traditional C18-based HPLC methods.
Inhibitory effect of terfenadine on Kir2.1 and Kir2.3 channels
Authors: Delgado-Ramírez Mayra , Rodriguez-Leal Fanny Junue , Rodríguez-Menchaca Aldo Azmar , Moreno-Galindo Eloy Gerardo , Sanchez-Chapula José Antonio , Ferrer Tania
Published: January 2021

Terfenadine is a second-generation H1-antihistamine that despite potentially can produce severe side effects it has recently gained attention due to its anticancer properties. Lately, the subfamily 2 of inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir2) has been implicated in the progression of some tumoral processes. Hence, we characterized the effects of terfenadine on Kir2.x channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. Terfenadine inhibited Kir2.3 channels with a strikingly greater potency (IC
50 = 1.06 ± 0.11 μmol L−1) compared to Kir2.1 channels (IC
50 = 27.8 ± 4.8 μmol L−1). The Kir2.3(I213L) mutant, possessing a larger affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) than the wild-type Kir2.3, was less sensitive to terfenadine inhibition (IC
50 = 13.0 ± 2.9 μmol L−1). Additionally, the PIP2 intracellular application had largely reduced the inhibition of Kir2.1 channels by terfenadine. Our data support that Kir2.x channels are targets of terfena-dine by affecting their interaction with PIP2, which could be regarded as a mechanism of the antitumor properties of terfenadine.
Polyethylene oxide matrix tablet swelling evolution: The impact of molecular mass and tablet composition
Authors: Draksler Petra , Mikac Urša , Laggner Peter , Paudel Amrit , Janković Biljana
Published: January 2021

This article describes the designing of matrix tablets composed of polyethylene oxides (PEOs) with relative molecular masses of 1 × 106, 2 × 106, and 4 × 106. Percolation thresholds were determined for all of the selected PEO formulations (18, 16, and 12 %, m/m), taking into consideration excipients and tablet surface area which significantly increased the percolation threshold. Moreover, the robustness of the gel layer in PEO matrix tablets was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging under various mechanical stresses (no flow, 12 mL min−1, and 64 mL−1 of medium flow). Correlations between the percolation threshold and gel thickness (R
2 = 0.86), gel thickness and the erosion coefficient (R
2 = 0.96) was detected. Furthermore, small-angle X-ray scattering of the selected PEOs detected differences in polymer molecular complexity at the nanoscale. Finally, the ratio of the heat of coalescence to the heat of fusion has confirmed the PEO molecular mass-dependent percolation threshold.
Melatonin as a powerful antioxidant
Authors: Chrustek Agnieszka , Olszewska-Słonina Dorota
Published: January 2021

Melatonin is a hormone that has many body functions and, for several decades, its antioxidant potential has been increasingly talked about. There is a relationship between failure in melatonin production in the pineal gland, an insufficient supply of this hormone to the body, and the occurrence of free radical etiology diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and others. Despite the development of molecular biology, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, the exact mechanism of melatonin antioxidant activity is still unknown. Nowadays, the use of melatonin supplementation is more and more common, not only to prevent insomnia, but also to slow down the aging process and provide protection against diseases. The aim of this study is to get acquainted with current reports on melatonin, antioxidative mechanisms and their importance in diseases of free radical etiology.
Ilex paraguariensis extract as an alternative to pain medications
Authors: Nowacki Luciana C. , Stechman-Neto José , Schiefer Elberth M. , Santos Andressa F. , Stinghen Andréa E. M. , Sassaki Guilherme L. , De Souza Lauro M. , Cristoff Killian E. , De Souza Wesley M.
Published: January 2021

Pain is a common and distressing symptom of many diseases and its clinical treatment generally involves analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. This study evaluated the toxicity of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) aqueous extract (leaves, petioles and branches) and its performance in a nociceptive response. Hepatotoxicity, psycho-stimulant test and evaluation of enzyme markers for liver damage were also tested. Chromatographic analysis by UPLC-MS demonstrated a series of isomeric monocaffeoylquinic acids, isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acid, flavonol glycosides, and saponins. Phase I and II of nociception were obtained for meloxicam, dexamethasone and aqueous Ilex paraguariensis extract. Ilex paraguariensis extract concentration was negatively correlated (R = –0.887) with alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.05) in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity test, indicating hepatoprotective activity of this extract. Ilex paraguariensis extract also presented analgesic properties equivalent to drugs that already have proven efficacy. Notably, the administration of multiple doses of Ilex paraguariensis extract was considered safe from the therapeutic point of view.
Influence of scarification method on seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.)
Authors: Deconninck Gwenaëlle , Gerakis Argyrios
Published: January 2021

A critical step during in vitro sexual propagation of terrestrial orchids is the treatment of the microscopic seeds with a disinfecting solution that kills bacteria and fungi attached to the seeds. This treatment is necessary to prevent infection of the culture vessels. At the same time, the treatment serves to scarify the seeds, a process that disrupts seed dormancy and initiates germination. The literature is inconclusive with respect to the proper combination of disinfecting solution strength and treatment duration. Both factors should be adapted to each species to guarantee minimal infection rate without damaging the embryo. This research aims to compare three disinfection/scarification methods for seeds of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.): (i) soaking in 0.5% NaClO, (ii) soaking in 0.5% NaClO, then centrifugation, and (iii) presoaking the seeds in sucrose solution, then soaking in 0.5% NaClO. The seeds were soaked in the disinfecting solution for 5 to 85 min. Following scarification, the seeds were sown in modified Malmgren nutrient medium. Infected and germinated vessels were counted at 41 and 189 d after sowing. We found that the longer the chemical treatment, the lower the infection rate, and the higher the germination rate. There was no significant difference in germination rate between the NaClO and the NaClO-plus-centrifugation method; in fact, the slight savings in disinfection time effected by centrifugation were more than offset by the added complexity of the method. Moreover, we found that centrifugation significantly delays germination. The sucrose presoak-plus-NaClO method was superior to plain NaClO, as the sucrose stimulates the germination of microbial spores on the surface of the seeds, making them easier to kill. Perhaps seeds with thicker testa as well as whole immature capsules could benefit even more from the pretreatment in sucrose solution.
Comparison of deep learning and conventional machine learning methods for classification of colon polyp types
Authors: Doğan Refika Sultan , Yılmaz Bülent
Published: January 2021

Determination of polyp types requires tissue biopsy during colonoscopy and then histopathological examination of the microscopic images which tremendously time-consuming and costly. The first aim of this study was to design a computer-aided diagnosis system to classify polyp types using colonoscopy images (optical biopsy) without the need for tissue biopsy. For this purpose, two different approaches were designed based on conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning. Firstly, classification was performed using random forest approach by means of the features obtained from the histogram of gradients descriptor. Secondly, simple convolutional neural networks (CNN) based architecture was built to train with the colonoscopy images containing colon polyps. The performances of these approaches on two (adenoma & serrated vs. hyperplastic) or three (adenoma vs. hyperplastic vs. serrated) category classifications were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of imaging modality on the classification was also examined using white-light and narrow band imaging systems. The performance of these approaches was compared with the results obtained by 3 novice and 4 expert doctors. Two-category classification results showed that conventional ML approach achieved significantly better than the simple CNN based approach did in both narrow band and white-light imaging modalities. The accuracy reached almost 95% for white-light imaging. This performance surpassed the correct classification rate of all 7 doctors. Additionally, the second task (three-category) results indicated that the simple CNN architecture outperformed both conventional ML based approaches and the doctors. This study shows the feasibility of using conventional machine learning or deep learning based approaches in automatic classification of colon types on colonoscopy images.
Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Review
Authors: Kovalcik Adriana
Published: January 2021

In the 21st century, additive manufacturing technologies have gained in popularity mainly due to benefits such as rapid prototyping, faster small production runs, flexibility and space for innovations, non-complexity of the process and broad affordability. In order to meet diverse requirements that 3D models have to meet, it is necessary to develop new 3D printing technologies as well as processed materials. This review is focused on 3D printing technologies applicable for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs are thermoplastics regarded as a green alternative to petrochemical polymers. The 3D printing technologies presented as available for PHAs are selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling. Stereolithography can also be applied provided that the molecular weight and functional end groups of the PHA are adjusted for photopolymerization. The chemical and physical properties primarily influence the processing of PHAs by 3D printing technologies. The intensive research for the fabrication of 3D objects based on PHA has been applied to fulfil criteria of rapid and customized prototyping mainly in the medical area.
Local Identity or Economic Benefits? The Municipal Splits in the Czech Republic
Authors: Lysek Jakub
Published: January 2021

This paper studies 38 splits that occurred between 1995 and 2020 in the Czech Republic. Although the initial splits, that took place during the time of democratic transition, were driven by perceived local identity and the historical memory of being a former independent municipality, the splits after 1995 were predominantly driven by economic factors, be it objective underinvestment and a perceived grievance that the mother municipality was not taking care of its fringe parts. In all cases, the mother municipality had failed to communicate with the initiator of a referendum. However, if the central municipality invested in its parts and its political leaders communicated with its citizens, the municipality did not lose its part despites the attempts of secessionist leaders.
Physical activity and cancer risk. Actual knowledge and possible biological mechanisms
Authors: Jurdana Mihaela
Published: January 2021

Background

Scientific evidence has shown that an increase in regular physical activity is associated with a decrease in the development of many types of cancer. Potential mechanisms that link physical activity to reduced cancer risk include a decrease in systemic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), sex hormones, pro-inflammatory leptin and other obesity-related cytokines, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels. In addition, physical activity improves immune function and the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Moderate physical activity is important for cancer protection, but the most significant changes in the inflammatory profile are conferred by physical activity performed at higher intensities. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity for the prevention of some types of cancer and the development of effective recommendations.

Conclusions

There is a strong evidence that physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity protects against colon and breast cancer, and probably against cancer at all other sites.
Trends in population-based cancer survival in Slovenia
Authors: Zadnik Vesna , Zagar Tina , Lokar Katarina , Tomsic Sonja , Konjevic Amela Duratovic , Zakotnik Branko
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of our study was to describe the survival of Slovenian cancer patients diagnosed in the last twenty years. An insight is given into the improvement made in different cancer types, population groups and prognostic factors.

Materials and methods

The principal data source was the population-based Slovenian Cancer Registry. The survival analysis included patients diagnosed with cancer in twenty years period from 1997 to 2016, which has been divided into four consecutive five-year periods. In addition, the analysis was stratified by cancer type, gender, age and stage. The survival was estimated using net survival calculated by the Pohar-Perme method and the complete approach has been applied.

Results

The survival of Slovenian cancer patients has been increasing over time. During the 20 years observed, five-year net survival increased by 11 percentage points. Significantly higher growth was observed in men. Age and stage at diagnosis are still crucial for the survival of cancer patients. Five-year net survival is lowest in those over 75 years of age at diagnosis but has also improved by seven percentage points over the past 20 years. The five-year net survival of patients in the localized stage increased by ten percentage points over the 20 years under observation. Survival of patients in the distant stage has not been improving. In both sexes, survival for melanoma, colorectal and lung cancers have increased significantly over the last 20 years. Progress has also been made in the two most common gender specific cancers: breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Still, the significant progress in prostate cancer is probably mostly due to lead-time bias as during the study period, Slovenia used indiscriminate PSA testing, which probably artificially prolonged survival.

Conclusions

The survival of Slovenian cancer patients has been increasing over time, which gives us a basis and an incentive for future improvements. To monitor the effectiveness of managing the cancer epidemic, the cancer burden needs to be monitored also in the future, using quality data and scientifically justified methodological approaches. In this process a well organised population-based cancer registries should play a key role.
AKTUALISASI NILAI FILOSOFI TRI HITA KARANA DI LEMBAGA PERKREDITAN DESA (LPD) KESIMAN
Authors: Wijaya I Gede Wisnu Darma , Suryanata I Gusti Ngurah Putra
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali perwujudan nilai filosofi Tri Hita Karana. Studi kasus dilakukan di Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Kesiman. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian dilakukan wawancara dengan informan untuk memahami aktualisasi nilai filosofi Tri Hita Karana. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam empat langkah: pengumpulan data (data collection), reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display) dan penarikan/penyajian kesimpulan (conclusion drawing/verification). Uji keabsahan data dalam penelitian kualitatif ini meliputi uji kredibilitas (credibility), triangulasi data, member check, confirmability (objektivitas) data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Kesiman telah menjadi lembaga keuangan yang berdampak positif terhadap perilaku desa adat Kesiman yang meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan sosial. Kedua, Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Kasiman memahami nilai filosofi Tri Hita Karana dan menggunakannya sebagai dasar operasional lembaga bagi masyarakat sekitar. Ketiga, Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Kesiman dapat konsisten melayani masyarakat melalui nilai Tri Hita Karana (yaitu Parahyangan, Pawongan dan Palemahan) untuk mewujudkan nilai filosofi dari Tri Hita Karana.
PENGARUH LOVE OF MONEY DAN PERILAKU MACHIAVELLIAN TERHADAP PERSEPSI ETIS INTERNAL AUDITOR BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT
Authors: Adi Wasita Putu Aristya , Lasmini Ni Nengah
Published: January 2021

Assessment of conditions or mistakes is called ethical perception. A person who works as an accountant will make high reservations by sticking to existing ethical standards. Competition is tighter, so the accounting profession must often clash with efforts to stick to ethical standards. The internal auditor's view in assessing an improper act will provide a perception of ethical perceptions for the community related to accountability and transparency. This research was conducted to get the influence of the variable love of money, Machiavellian with gender as a moderator on the ethical perceptions of the people's prekreditan bank internal auditors. The data in the study were collected using a questionnaire method, so that the research data were classified as primary data. This study will use 43 samples and will be analyzed using moderated regression analysis. The results of the study, after going through the data analysis of love of money and Machiavellian, have a negative effect on the ethical perception variable of BPR internal auditors. Gender as a moderating variable assesses the influence the love of money variable on the ethical perceptions of BPR internal auditors while for Machiavellian, gender does not know.
Semiotic and linguo-stylistic aspects of the poems by H. Chergeyev “Listen to What the Dead Man Says!” and “Fate”
Authors: Kirimov Tair Nuridinovich
Published: January 2021

This work examines the little-known facts from the life and creative heritage of one of most reputable Crimean Tatar populist poets of the XX century Hasan Chergeyev. For revealing the semantic and linguiso-stylistic peculiarities of his works, namely of the poems “Listen to What the Dead Man Says!” (“Eşit, mevta ne sevleyur!”, 1909) and “Fate” (“Taqdir”, 1917), the author carries out comparative typological, semiotic and textological analysis of the original texts. The strategic approaches towards depicting the authentic, dramatic episodes from life of the people and the clergy employed by the poet are analyzed. The phenomenon of the impact of the idea, theme and storyline upon the structure of his poems is revealed. Lateral thinking, specially selected methods for representation of life material turn the lyrist's poetic works into living canvases. They reflect the depth of inner emotional experiences of the title characters, reveal the natural flavor of ethnic language, and demonstrate the energy, power of his style. At the same time, the article outlines the prospects for studying publicistic activity during the prewar and wartime within the Crimean Tatar Soviet periodicals.
Models of legal regulation of sales of personal weapons in foreign countries (on the example of the United States, Germany, and Japan)
Authors: Beketov Oleg Ivanovich , Maile Aleksei Davidovich , Goman Ol'ga Sergeevna , Surgutskov Vadim Igorevich
Published: January 2021

The object of this research is the social relations established with regards to the sales of personal weapon in the United States, Japan, and Germany. The subject of this research is the legislation of the aforementioned countries, which regulates the sales of weapon for civilian population. The key goal lies in elaboration of the models of legal regulation of the sales of personal weapons based on the analysis of normative legal acts. The article reveals the peculiarities of establishment, development, and current state of legal regulation of sales of personal weapons abroad using the example of three countries – United States, Germany, and Japan. The scientific novelty of the conducted research consists in description of the three contrasting models of legal regulation of sales of personal weapons: liberal-permissive, prohibitory-paternalistic, and combinatory. The conclusion is made that the choice of the method of legal regulation of sales of personal weapons depends on the objective factors the country exists in, namely: social, political, cultural, ideological, religious, as well as historical experience of the country, regulation of domestic social issues, population mentality, presence or absence of the “war status”. There is yet no universal model for regulation of the sales of personal weapon. Most efficient implementation of the indicated models is possible only in case of the balanced consideration of all objective actors for each particular country.
How to predict color?
Authors: Skalka Ekaterina Valer'evna
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is the forecast or prediction of color. The Russian science does not feature work dedicated to such aspect; however, foreign sources approached prediction of color from various perspectives, most often viewing the color trends as an inseparable part of fashion. The goal of this work consists in determination of the place and time of conception of the color forecasts, historical analysis of evolution of this phenomenon, and assumptions on further development of this direction. Territorially, the epicenters of development of color forecasts are determined in Europe (France and England), in America (the United States), in Asia (Japan). The author describes the peculiarities of color predictions in each country – at certain stages one or another county was ahead or behind; whit the advent of the Internet, everything moves to online format and becomes more dynamic. The article follows the forecast of color since its emergence, highlighting all stages of its development and establishment. The chronological framework of its development stages stretches from the early XVIII century until modernity. From the earliest to more recent, these stages include the color cards, mediators and agents (between factories, textile workers and customers, and stores), trade fairs and expositions, online services and websites. It is determined that with the course of time, the methods and instruments for predicting color were being accumulated and used together; the new colors were added, while the already existing did not lose their relevance. Despite the development of technologies, a final word in forecasting color trends belongs to a human, based on experience and intuition.
Cultural concept in cognitive dimension
Authors: Severina Elena Mikhailovna
Published: January 2021

This article reviews the methodological principles of studying cultural concepts in the context of cognitive approach, possibilities for conducting reconstruction of certain fragments of linguistic worldview based on the material of digital text corpora. Leaning on the cognitive approach towards concept as a unit of structured and unstructured knowledge that forms cognition of a separate individual and culture as a whole, results of conceptual research of the texts of philosophers who view culture as symbolic creativity of a person associated with freedom (concepts of I. Kant, E. Cassirer, N. A. Berdyaev), the authors conducted reconstruction of certain fragments of the linguistic worldview and ordinary consciousness, correlated with the concept of “culture” in digital text corpora in the Russian and Anglo-Saxon cultures. Examination of the contexts of usage of verbal representations of the concept of “culture” in the digital text corpora of Russian language and different varieties of English language demonstrates that the crucial ideological values of Anglo-Saxon linguistic worldview are the following representations: culture is of instrumental nature; civilization is considered as the path development of humanity; freedom is viewed as an intrinsic right to freedom that should be protected, i.e. initial and inherent to a human. In the Russian-language texts, culture implies the value-based attitude towards world, mostly associated with the national culture; civilization is viewed in the context of a value-based attitude towards world, but as the path of development of humanity as a whole; freedom has value-based individual, personalistic connotation, supposed to be full, absolute, which is often understood as the liberty of action and choice. It is underlines that utilization of corpus methods allows reconstructing the techniques of formation of worldview, choice of value priorities, mechanisms of perception of surrounding reality in a specific culture from contexts of practical usage of the verbal manifestations of cultural concepts.
Ethnic and diasporic self-consciousness of the Korean diaspora of modern Kazakhstan through the prism of sociocultural processes
Authors: Markova Vasilisa Nikolaevna
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on the phenomenon of Korean diaspora in Kazakhstan – a unique phenomenon in the diaspora studies. Having a racial-anthropological homogeneity with the inhabitants of Korean Peninsula, the Koreans of Kazakhstan have lost multiple ethnic traits: native language, anthroponymy, blood relationships on their historical homeland. Despite this fact, the representatives of Korean ethnos identify themselves as part of the ancient Korean culture, honor their native traditions, and state their nationality as “Korean” in the population census. An important role in conveyance of culture and spiritual values of the diaspora is played by public organizations. The Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, Association of the Koreans of Kazakhstan, State Republican Academic Korean Theater of Musical Comedy, and Korean House are the anchors that support the diaspora and contribute to preservation of historical belonging and self-consciousness. Methodological framework is comprised of historiographical analysis of the works of Korean studies scholars dedicated to the history of Korean diaspora in Central Asia, monitoring of the legislative framework of Kazakhstan and news agenda, interviews of individual representatives of the diaspora. The conducted research proves that diasporality is a more vital form of preservation of ethnocultural identity than the ethnic attribution by linguistic or anthropological principle. Living far from their historical homeland for centuries, the representatives of Koryo-Saram continue identifying themselves as Koreans. They have gone through the key stages of assimilation, integrated into the system of social relations, and consider themselves Kazakhs of Korean descent. As long as the indicated ethnocultural group acknowledges its uniqueness and difference from other ethnic groups of Kazakhstan, the diasporic self-consciousness, Korean diaspora and its institutions would exists.