bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based optimisation to quantify heterogeneity of specific ventilation and perfusion in the lung by the Inspired Sinewave Test
Authors: Tran M. C. , Nguyen V. , Bruce R. , Crockett D. C. , Formenti F. , Phan P. A. , Payne S. J. , Farmery A. D.
Published: June 2021

The degree of specific ventilatory heterogeneity (spatial unevenness of ventilation) of the lung is a useful marker of early structural lung changes which has the potential to detect early-onset disease. The Inspired Sinewave Test (IST) is an established noninvasive ‘gas-distribution’ type of respiratory test capable of measuring the cardiopulmonary parameters. We developed a simulation-based optimisation for the IST, with a simulation of a realistic heterogeneous lung, namely a lognormal distribution of spatial ventilation and perfusion. We tested this method in datasets from 13 anaesthetised pigs (pre and post-lung injury) and 104 human subjects (32 healthy and 72 COPD subjects). The 72 COPD subjects were classified into four COPD phenotypes based on ‘GOLD’ classification. This method allowed IST to identify and quantify heterogeneity of both ventilation and perfusion, permitting diagnostic distinction between health and disease states. In healthy volunteers, we show a linear relationship between the ventilatory heterogeneity versus age ($${R}^{2}=0.42$$

R

2

=
0.42

). In a mechanically ventilated pig, IST ventilatory heterogeneity in noninjured and injured lungs was significantly different (p < 0.0001). Additionally, measured indices could accurately identify patients with COPD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.76, p < 0.0001). The IST also could distinguish different phenotypes of COPD with 73% agreement with spirometry.
Oral pre-treatment with thiocyanate (SCN−) protects against myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Hall Luke , Guo Chaouri , Tandy Sarah , Broadhouse Kathryn , Dona Anthony C. , Malle Ernst , Bartels Emil D. , Christoffersen Christina , Grieve Stuart M. , Figtree Gemma , Hawkins Clare L. , Davies Michael J.
Published: June 2021

Despite improvements in revascularization after a myocardial infarction, coronary disease remains a major contributor to global mortality. Neutrophil infiltration and activation contributes to tissue damage, via the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and formation of the damaging oxidant hypochlorous acid. We hypothesized that elevation of thiocyanate ions (SCN−), a competitive MPO substrate, would modulate tissue damage. Oral dosing of rats with SCN−, before acute ischemia–reperfusion injury (30 min occlusion, 24 h or 4 week recovery), significantly reduced the infarct size as a percentage of the total reperfused area (54% versus 74%), and increased the salvageable area (46% versus 26%) as determined by MRI imaging. No difference was observed in fractional shortening, but supplementation resulted in both left-ventricle end diastolic and left-ventricle end systolic areas returning to control levels, as determined by echocardiography. Supplementation also decreased antibody recognition of HOCl-damaged myocardial proteins. SCN− supplementation did not modulate serum markers of damage/inflammation (ANP, BNP, galectin-3, CRP), but returned metabolomic abnormalities (reductions in histidine, creatine and leucine by 0.83-, 0.84- and 0.89-fold, respectively), determined by NMR, to control levels. These data indicate that elevated levels of the MPO substrate SCN−, which can be readily modulated by dietary means, can protect against acute ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Identification of novel DNA hypermethylation of the adenylate kinase 5 promoter in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ahn Bokyung , Chae Yang Seok , Lee Soo Kyung , Kim Moa , Kim Hyeon Soo , Moon Ji Wook , Park Sun-Hwa
Published: June 2021

Adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) belongs to the adenylate kinase family that catalyses reversible phosphate transfer between adenine nucleotides, and it is related to various energetic signalling mechanisms. However, the role of AK5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. In this study, AK5 was significantly hypermethylated in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001) and normal tissues (P = 0.0015). Although the difference in mRNA expression was not statistically significant in all of them, the selected 49 cases of CRC tissues with AK5 hypermethylation with the cut off value of 40% showed a significant inverse correlation with mRNA expression (P = 0.0003). DNA methylation of AK5 promoter significantly decreased and AK5 expression recovered by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in CRC cell lines. In addition, AK5 promoter activity significantly decreased due to DNA methyltransferase, and it increased due to 5-aza. Moreover, AK5 regulated the phosphorylated AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited the cell migration and cell invasion in CRC cell lines. Furthermore, low AK5 expression is associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the AK5 promoter is frequently hypermethylated and induced methylation-mediated gene down-regulation. AK5 expression regulates AMPK/mTOR signalling and may be closely related to metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Radiomics side experiments and DAFIT approach in identifying pulmonary hypertension using Cardiac MRI derived radiomics based machine learning models
Authors: Priya Sarv , Aggarwal Tanya , Ward Caitlin , Bathla Girish , Jacob Mathews , Gerke Alicia , Hoffman Eric A. , Nagpal Prashant
Published: June 2021

Side experiments are performed on radiomics models to improve their reproducibility. We measure the impact of myocardial masks, radiomic side experiments and data augmentation for information transfer (DAFIT) approach to differentiate patients with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH) using cardiac MRI (CMRI) derived radiomics. Feature extraction was performed from the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) myocardial masks using CMRI in 82 patients (42 PH and 40 controls). Various side study experiments were evaluated: Original data without and with intraclass correlation (ICC) feature-filtering and DAFIT approach (without and with ICC feature-filtering). Multiple machine learning and feature selection strategies were evaluated. Primary analysis included all PH patients with subgroup analysis including PH patients with preserved LVEF (≥ 50%). For both primary and subgroup analysis, DAFIT approach without feature-filtering was the highest performer (AUC 0.957–0.958). ICC approaches showed poor performance compared to DAFIT approach. The performance of combined LV and RV masks was superior to individual masks alone. There was variation in top performing models across all approaches (AUC 0.862–0.958). DAFIT approach with features from combined LV and RV masks provide superior performance with poor performance of feature filtering approaches. Model performance varies based upon the feature selection and model combination.
Epizootic reptilian ferlavirus infection in individual and multiple snake colonies with additional evidence of the virus in the male genital tract
Authors: Piewbang Chutchai , Wardhani Sabrina Wahyu , Poonsin Panida , Yostawonkul Jakarwan , Chai-in Poowadon , Lacharoje Sitthichok , Saengdet Thanyarat , Vasaruchapong Taksa , Boonrungsiman Suwimon , Kongmakee Piyaporn , Banlunara Wijit , Rungsipipat Anudep , Kasantikul Tanit , Techangamsuwan Somporn
Published: June 2021

Reptilian ferlavirus, a pathogen of serious concern in snakes, has been reported in Western countries, but little is known about its prevalence in Thailand, where many snake breeding farms are located. In this study, we investigated the reptilian ferlavirus via swab samples derived from 49 diseased snakes and 77 healthy snakes as well as tissue samples taken from nine dead snakes from five independent snake farms. Using molecular detection, we found the ferlavirus in 8.16% of diseased snakes, but not in healthy snakes. Out of nine farmed snakes, eight snakes derived from four farms were found to be positive. Four complete genome sequences of the ferlavirus were successfully obtained and phylogenetically clustered to the highly pathogenic ferlavirus. Tissue tropism of the ferlavirus was identified in various epithelial cell types using the in situ hybridization technique. Interestingly, the hybridization signals were strongly labeled in the male genital tract. Transmission electron microscopy was used to support the ferlaviral localization in the male genital tract. This study provides the first evidence of ferlavirus localization in the male genital tract and contributes to the knowledge about ferlavirus epidemiology, indicating that there needs to be further awareness and elucidation regarding vertical transmission of reptilian ferlavirus.
Automated detection of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in plain lateral radiographs of the cervical spine using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Miura Masataka , Maki Satoshi , Miura Kousei , Takahashi Hiroshi , Miyagi Masayuki , Inoue Gen , Murata Kazuma , Konishi Takamitsu , Furuya Takeo , Koda Masao , Takaso Masashi , Endo Kenji , Ohtori Seiji , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: June 2021

Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a contributing factor to spinal cord injury or trauma-induced myelopathy in the elderly. To reduce the incidence of these traumas, it is essential to diagnose OPLL at an early stage and to educate patients how to prevent falls. We thus evaluated the ability of our convolutional neural network (CNN) to differentially diagnose cervical spondylosis and cervical OPLL. We enrolled 250 patients with cervical spondylosis, 250 patients with cervical OPLL, and 180 radiographically normal controls. We evaluated the ability of our CNN model to distinguish cervical spondylosis, cervical OPLL, and controls, and the diagnostic accuracy was compared to that of 5 board-certified spine surgeons. The accuracy, average recall, precision, and F1 score of the CNN for classification of lateral cervical spine radiographs were 0.86, 0.86, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. The accuracy was higher for CNN compared to any expert spine surgeon, and was statistically equal to 4 of the 5 experts and significantly higher than that of 1 expert. We demonstrated that the performance of the CNN was equal or superior to that of spine surgeons.
In vivo deformation of anatomically pre-bent rods in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Sudo Hideki , Tachi Hiroyuki , Kokabu Terufumi , Yamada Katsuhisa , Iwata Akira , Endo Tsutomu , Takahata Masahiko , Abe Yuichiro , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: June 2021

Some surgical strategies can maintain or restore thoracic kyphosis (TK); however, next-generation surgical schemes for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) should consider anatomical corrections. A four-dimensional correction could be actively achieved by curving the rod. Thus, anatomically designed rods have been developed as notch-free, pre-bent rods for easier anatomical reconstruction. This study aimed to compare the initial curve corrections obtained using notch-free rods and manually bent, notched rods for the anatomical reconstruction of thoracic AIS. Two consecutive series of 60 patients who underwent anatomical posterior correction for main thoracic AIS curves were prospectively followed up. After multilevel facetectomy, except for the lowest instrumented segment, either notch-free or notched rods were used. Patient demographic data, radiographic measurements, and sagittal rod angles were analyzed within 1 week after surgery. Patients with notch-free rods had significantly higher postoperative TK than patients with notched rods (P < .001), but both groups achieved three-dimensional spinal corrections and significantly increased postoperative rates of patients with T6–T8 TK apex (P = .006 for notch-free rods and P = .008 for notched rods). The rod deformation angle at the concave side was significantly lower in the notch-free rods than in the notched rods (P < .001). The notch-free, pre-bent rod can maintain its curvature, leading to better correction or maintenance of TK after anatomical spinal correction surgery than the conventional notched rod. These results suggest the potential benefits of anatomically designed notch-free, pre-bent rods over conventional, manually bent rods.
Seasonality modulates the direct and indirect influences of forest cover on larval anopheline assemblages in western Amazônia
Authors: Arcos Adriano Nobre , Valente-Neto Francisco , da Silva Ferreira Francisco Augusto , Bolzan Fábio Padilha , da Cunha Hillândia Brandão , Tadei Wanderli Pedro , Hughes Robert M. , de Oliveira Roque Fabio
Published: June 2021

Serious concerns have arisen regarding urbanization processes in western Amazônia, which result in the creation of artificial habitats, promoting the colonization of malaria vectors. We used structural equation modelling to investigate direct and indirect effects of forest cover on larval habitats and anopheline assemblages in different seasons. We found 3474 larvae in the dry season and 6603 in the rainy season, totalling ten species and confirming the presence of malaria vectors across all sites. Forest cover had direct and indirect (through limnological variables) effects on the composition of larval anopheline assemblages in the rainy season. However, during the dry season, forest cover directly affected larval distribution and habitat variables (with no indirect affects). Additionally, artificial larval habitats promote ideal conditions for malaria vectors in Amazonia, mainly during the rainy season, with positive consequences for anopheline assemblages. Therefore, the application of integrated management can be carried out during both seasons. However, we suggest that the dry season is the optimal time because larval habitats are more limited, smaller in volume and more accessible for applying vector control techniques.
Investigating morphological changes in the brain in relation to etiology and duration of olfactory dysfunction with voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Postma E. M. , Smeets P. A. M. , Boek W. M. , Boesveldt S.
Published: June 2021

Olfactory loss (OL) affects up to 20% of the general population and is related to changes in olfaction-related brain regions. This study investigated the effect of etiology and duration of OL on gray matter volume (GMV) of these regions in 257 patients. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to measure GMV in brain regions of interest to test the effects of etiology and duration on regional GMV and the relation between olfactory function and regional GMV. Etiology of OL had a significant effect on GMV in clusters representing the gyrus rectus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC),
bilaterally. Patients with congenital anosmia had reduced GMV in the gyrus rectus and an increased OFC volume compared to patients with acquired OL. There was a significant association between volume of the left OFC and olfactory function. This implies that changes in GMV in patients with acquired OL are mainly reflected in the OFC and depend on olfactory function. Morphology of olfactory areas in the brain therefore seems to relate to olfactory function and the subsequent degree of exposure to olfactory input in patients with acquired OL. Differences in GMV in congenital anosmia are most likely due to the fact that patients were never able to smell.
Fabrication of elastic, conductive, wear-resistant superhydrophobic composite material
Authors: Mirmohammadi Seyed Mehran , Hoshian Sasha , Jokinen Ville P. , Franssila Sami
Published: June 2021

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Cu superhydrophobic composite material is fabricated by wet etching, electroless plating, and polymer casting. The surface topography of the material emerges from hierarchical micro/nanoscale structures of etched aluminum, which are rigorously copied by plated copper. The resulting material is superhydrophobic (contact angle > 170°, sliding angle < 7° with 7 µL droplets), electrically conductive, elastic and wear resistant. The mechanical durability of both the superhydrophobicity and the metallic conductivity are the key advantages of this material. The material is robust against mechanical abrasion (1000 cycles): the contact angles were only marginally lowered, the sliding angles remained below 10°, and the material retained its superhydrophobicity. The resistivity varied from 0.7 × 10–5 Ωm (virgin) to 5 × 10–5 Ωm (1000 abrasion cycles) and 30 × 10–5 Ωm (3000 abrasion cycles). The material also underwent 10,000 cycles of stretching and bending, which led to only minor changes in superhydrophobicity and the resistivity remained below 90 × 10–5 Ωm.
Associations of maternal and infant metabolomes with immune maturation and allergy development at 12 months in the Swedish NICE-cohort
Authors: Hartvigsson Olle , Barman Malin , Rabe Hardis , Sandin Anna , Wold Agnes E. , Brunius Carl , Sandberg Ann-Sofie
Published: June 2021

Allergic diseases are the most common chronic diseases in childrenin the Western world, but little is know about what factors influence immune maturation and allergy development. We therefore aimed to associate infant and maternal metabolomes to T- and B-cell subpopulations and allergy diagnosis. We performed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics on blood plasma from mothers (third trimester, n = 605; delivery, n = 558) and from the umbilical cord (n = 366). The measured metabolomes were associated to T- and B-cell subpopulations up to 4 months after delivery and to doctor´s diagnosed eczema, food allergy and asthma at one year of age using random forest analysis. Maternal and cord plasma at delivery could predict the number of CD24+CD38low memory B-cells (p = 0.033, n = 26 and p = 0.009, n = 22), but future allergy status could not be distinguished from any of the three measured metabolomes. Replication of previous literature findings showed hypoxanthine to be upregulated in the umbilical cord of children with subsequent asthma. This exploratory study suggests foetal immune programming occuring during pregnancy as the metabolomic profiles of mothers and infants at delivery related to infants’ B-cell maturation.
Incidence and clinical relevance of persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defect after percutaneous mitral valve repair
Authors: Alachkar Mhd Nawar , Alnaimi Anas , Reith Sebastain , Altiok Ertunc , Schröder Jörg , Marx Nikolaus , Almalla Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) requires transseptal puncture and results in iatrogenic atrial septal defect (iASD). The impact of persistent iASD was previously investigated. However, data were diverse and inconclusive. 53 patients who underwent MITRACLIP were retrospectively included. Based on the presence of iASD in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after 6 months, patients were divided in two groups (iASD group vs. non-iASD group). Impact of iASD on outcome at 6 months and at two years was evaluated. Persistent iASD was detected in 62% of patients. Independent predictors for persistent iASD were female gender and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. At 6-month follow-up, there was no difference in reduction of NYHA class (ΔNYHA = 1.3 ± 1 in iASD group vs. 0.9 ± 1 in non-iASD group, p = 0.171). There was a significant difference in right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDd) (42 ± 8 mm in iASD-group vs. 39 ± 4 mm in non-iASD group, p = 0.047). However, right ventricular systolic function (TAPSE) (14 ± 7 mm in iASD group vs. 16 ± 8 mm in non-iASD group, p = 0.176) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (40 ± 12 mmHg in iASD group vs. 35 ± 10 mmHg in non-iASD group, p = 0.136) were still comparable between both groups. At 2 years follow-up, there was no significant difference regarding rate of rehospitalization (24% vs 15%, p = 0.425) or mortality (12% vs 10%, p = 0.941) between both groups. Incidence of persistent iASD after MITRACLIP is markedly high. Despite the increase in right ventricular diameter in patients with persistent iASD, these patients were not clinically compromised compared to patients without persistent iASD.
Freeze concentrated apple juice maintains its flavor
Authors: Yoda Tsuyoshi , Miyaki Hiroshi , Saito Tomoaki
Published: June 2021

Concentrated juices are sources of alcoholic drinks. Juice concentration may be achieved using different methods, such as freezing or heating. High temperatures in the process of juice concentration damage heat-sensitive components, such as aromatic compounds. Although the freezing process of juice concentration has been studied, analyses have been inadequate, particularly in addressing flavors. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of freezing and heating during apple juice concentration in the context of flavor. We found that a total of 97 compounds were found in fresh juice, and freeze-concentrated juice retained 57 of these compounds. Interestingly, freezing led to the generation of 37 flavor compounds. Furthermore, people had difficultly differentiating between intact and frozen concentrated juice. The ratios were almost same between those who correctly identified (28%) and those who incorrectly identified fresh and reconstituted freeze-concentrated juice (25%). We discuss the mechanisms of flavor generation on freezing concentration with regard to the increases in enzymatic activity or other causes. Our study showed that the methods of juice concentration that utilize freezing retain flavor better. These data will benefit juice concentration processes of apples and other fruits in the future.
When dormancy fuels tumour relapse
Authors: Santos-de-Frutos Karla , Djouder Nabil
Published: June 2021

Tumour recurrence is a serious impediment to cancer treatment, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The most frequently used anti-tumour therapies—chemotherapy and radiotherapy—target highly proliferative cancer cells. However non- or slow-proliferative dormant cancer cells can persist after treatment, eventually causing tumour relapse. Whereas the reversible growth arrest mechanism allows quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle, senescent cells are largely thought to be irreversibly arrested, and may instead contribute to tumour growth and relapse through paracrine signalling mechanisms. Thus, due to the differences in their growth arrest mechanism, metabolic features, plasticity and adaptation to their respective tumour microenvironment, dormant-senescent and -quiescent cancer cells could have different but complementary roles in fuelling tumour growth. In this review article, we discuss the implication of dormant cancer cells in tumour relapse and the need to understand how quiescent and senescent cells, respectively, may play a part in this process.
Correction: Specific detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula using ssDNA aptamer
Authors: Kim Hye Ri , Kim Myunghee , Kim Byoung Chan
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Specific detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula using ssDNA aptamer’ by Hye Ri Kim et al., Analyst, 2021, 146, 3534–3542, DOI: 10.1039/D1AN00118C.
Design of CeO2-supported LaNiO3perovskites as precursors of highly active catalysts for CO2methanation
Authors: Onrubia-Calvo Jon A. , Pereda-Ayo Beñat , González-Marcos José A. , Bueno-López Agustín , González-Velasco Juan R.
Published: June 2021

An efficient and highly stable catalyst with exsolved Ni nanoparticles from the LaNiO3/CeO2precursor for CO2hydrogenation towards methane production.
Oligomerization of n-butenes over Ni/SiO2–Al2O3: influence of support modification by steam-treating
Authors: Nadolny Fabian , Bentrup Ursula , Rockstroh Nils , Alscher Felix , Reschetilowski Wladimir , Peitz Stephan , Franke Robert , Brückner Angelika
Published: June 2021

The acidic properties of a selected SiO2–Al2O3 support material have been modified by steam-treating to study the influence on the formation of active nickel sites for butene oligomerization.
Avidity and surface mobility in multivalent ligand–receptor binding
Authors: Merminod Simon , Edison John R. , Fang Huang , Hagan Michael F. , Rogers W. Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Multivalent interactions are central to many biological processes. We provide new insights into the coupling between affinity, avidity, binding, and relative motion for multivalent interactions between colloidal particles and fluid lipid membranes.
Detecting bound polymer layers in attractive polymer–nanoparticle hybrids
Authors: Emamy Hamed , Starr Francis W. , Kumar Sanat K.
Published: June 2021

The motion of NPs masks the bound layer relaxation time signal in the intermediate scattering function.
Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Ma Chi , Liu Yue-Feng , Bi Yan-Gang , Zhang Xu-Lin , Yin Da , Feng Jing , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: June 2021

Schematic of the fabrication process. The application of the AgNW electrode in an organic light emitting device. The preparation process mainly includes synthesis, film fabrication, post treatment and device fabrication.
A 2-formylphenylboronic acid (2FPBA)-maleimide crosslinker: a versatile platform for Cys-peptide–hydrazine conjugation and interplay
Authors: António João P. M. , Faustino Hélio , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: June 2021

A heterobifunctional 2-formylphenylboronic acid (2-FPBA)–maleimide crosslinker is explored for the conjugation and interplay between hydrazines, thiols and cysteine peptides.
Synthesis of poly(caprolactone)-block-poly[oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl methacrylate] amphiphilic grafted nanoparticles (AGNs) as improved oil dispersants
Authors: Keller Christopher B. , Walley Susan E. , Jarand Curtis W. , He Jibao , Ejaz Muhammad , Savin Daniel A. , Grayson Scott M.
Published: June 2021

Amphiphilic polymers have been covalently grafted from a SiO2 core with room temperature polymerizations. These amphiphilic grafted nanoparticles have been found to uptake up to 30 times their mass in crude oil within a 24 hour window.
Investigation of a novel high-efficiency ion-permselective membrane module based on the electrochemically switched ion exchange scheme
Authors: Zhang Di , Zhang Pengle , Xiao Du , Hao Xiaogang
Published: June 2021

Novel ion permselective membrane modules based on the ESIX scheme.
Rigid 3D-spiro chromanone as a crux for efficient antimicrobial agents: synthesis, biological and computational evaluation
Authors: Elghareeb F. H. , Kandil E. M. , Abou-Elzahab M. , Abdelmoteleb M. , Abozeid M. A.
Published: June 2021

New heterocyclic compounds based upon rigid 3D-spiro chromanone scaffold have been synthesized and evaluated as efficient antimicrobial agents. Molecular docking and QSAR have explained and supported the observed promising antimicrobial activity.
Study on extraction methods of polysaccharides from a processed product of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.
Authors: Qiu Kuncheng , Li Zunjiang , Long Yingxin , Lu Zhongyu , Zhu Wei
Published: June 2021

By comparing the effects of extraction methods on the activity and properties of polysaccharide, a polysaccharide extraction process was screened and optimized.
Microwave desorption mechanism and microwave effect based on SO2 chemical dissociation and mass transfer of basic aluminium sulfate desulfurization rich liquid
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Wang Junna , Feng Yu , Zhang Weiwei , Zuo Shuangji , Guo Jianmin
Published: June 2021

A microwave liquid-phase desorption technique for enhancing mass transfer with chemical dissociation has been proposed for the first time.
Direct laser writing of pure lignin on carbon cloth for highly flexible supercapacitors with enhanced areal capacitance
Authors: Qu Wangda , Zhao Zizhu , Wang Jie , Dong Fengying , Xu Hui , Sun Xinzhi , Jin Hong
Published: June 2021

A facile approach was developed to synthesize pure lignin-derived porous carbon for highly flexible high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
A p–n fusion strategy to design bipolar organic materials for high-energy-density symmetric batteries
Authors: Kim Jihyeon , Kim Heechan , Lee Sechan , Kwon Giyun , Kang Taewon , Park Hyeokjun , Tamwattana Orapa , Ko Youngmin , Lee Dongwhan , Kang Kisuk
Published: June 2021

A new bipolar-type redox-active organic material with a wide HOMO–LUMO energy gap is designed though the ‘p–n fusion’ strategy.
Charge transfer states and carrier generation in 1D organolead iodide semiconductors
Authors: Amerling Eric , Zhai Yaxin , Larson Bryon W. , Yao Yi , Fluegel Brian , Owczarczyk Zbyslaw , Lu Haipeng , Whittaker-Brooks Luisa , Blum Volker , Blackburn Jeffrey L.
Published: June 2021

Naphthalene diimide based diammonium cations can be utilized to produce 1D organic/inorganic metal halide semiconductors with internal charge separation via charge transfer states that lie energetically below the metal-halide excitonic absorption.
A solar evaporator based on hollow polydopamine nanotubes with all-in-one synergic design for highly-efficient water purification
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhang Jie , Wu Gang , Chen Si-Chong , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: June 2021

An all-in-one synergic strategy to prepare solar evaporators considering four sub-processes during solar vapor generation.
Correction: The role of fullerene derivatives in perovskite solar cells: electron transporting or electron extraction layers?
Authors: Fernandez-Delgado Olivia , Chandrasekhar P. S. , Cano-Sampaio Natalia , Simon Zoe C. , Puente-Santiago Alain R. , Liu Fang , Castro Edison , Echegoyen Luis
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘The role of fullerene derivatives in perovskite solar cells: electron transporting or electron extraction layers?’ by Olivia Fernandez-Delgado et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D0TC05903J.
Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz – die Elsbeere
Authors: Latté Klaus Peter
Published: June 2021

Die Frucht- und Blattdrogen der Elsbeere, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Rosaceae), werden seit Langem volksmedizinisch bei Dysenterie, Verdauungsproblemen, Durchfall und Cholera sowie als Herzmittel angewendet. Auch in anderen Kulturkreisen werden die Früchte und Blätter als Heilmittel verwendet. Als Inhaltsstoffe der Früchte und der Blätter sind phenolische Verbindungen isoliert worden, vor allem zahlreiche Flavonoide. Bislang liegen nur wenige In-vitro-Untersuchungen zu den Wirkungen der Früchte und Blätter vor, die vorläufige Erklärungen für die volksmedizinische Verwendung liefern. Klinische Studien liegen nicht vor. Neben der volksmedizinischen Anwendung werden die Früchte auch als Lebensmittel roh oder verarbeitet, z. B. als Edelbrand verwendet.
Erforderlicher Umfang einer Beschäftigung als Voraussetzung einer Ermächtigung
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: June 2021

Auch, wenn die Möglichkeiten für Krankenhausärzte, im ambulanten Bereich tätig zu werden, stetig zunehmen, gewisse Grenzen sind nach wie vor einzuhalten. Das wird aus dem Beschluss des Bundessozialgerichts (BSG) vom 03.04.2019 (B 6 KA 44/18 B) im Zusammenhang mit Ermächtigungen erneut deutlich.
Die nekrotisierende Fasziitis
Authors: von Glinski Maxi , Dadras Mehran , Wallner Christoph , Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Behr Björn , Lehnhardt Marcus
Published: June 2021

Die nekrotisierende Fasziitis (NF) ist eine schwerwiegende Infektion, die sich entlang der Faszien auf das subkutane Fett und die darüber liegenden Weichteile, die Haut und schließlich die Muskulatur ausbreitet und unbehandelt schnell zu septischem Schock und Tod führt. Um eine massive systemische Ausbreitung des infektiösen Prozesses zu vermeiden, ist schon bei Verdacht ein sofortiges und umfassendes radikales chirurgisches Debridement des nekrotischen Gewebes erforderlich, ergänzt durch eine kalkulierte intravenöse antibiotische Therapie. Die Mortalität ist trotzdem mit 20–40 % anhaltend hoch. Aufgrund des Fehlens spezifischer klinischer Merkmale im Anfangsstadium der Krankheit wird sie häufig unterschätzt oder mit einem lokalen Infekt oder Abszess verwechselt. In 85–100 % der Fälle kommt es zu einer verspäteten Diagnose mit dem Verstreichen kostbarer Zeit.

Das Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die für die Diagnose relevanten klinischen und laborchemischen Parameter sowie die wesentlichen therapeutischen Schritte zusammenzufassen.
Infektionen an der Hand nach Bissverletzungen
Authors: Eichenauer Frank , Kim Simon , Hakimi Mohssen , Eisenschenk Andreas , Weber Stefan
Published: June 2021

Verletzungen durch Bisse sind häufig und stellen zusammen mit den resultierenden Komplikationen etwa 1–2 % aller Vorstellungen in Notfallambulanzen dar. In über 75 % sind die Hände betroffen. Im nordeuropäischen Raum werden Bissverletzungen vorrangig durch Hunde, Katzen und den Menschen verursacht. Aufgrund der vielfältigen und komplexen Kompartimente sowie der geringen Weichteildeckung funktionell relevanter Strukturen führen selbst kleinste und oberflächliche Bissverletzungen an der Hand zu Infektionen. Jede Bissverletzung der Hand kann in der Folge zu fulminanten Infektionen und selten gar tödlichen Verläufen führen. Bis zu 40 % aller Infektionen an der Hand gehen auf Bissverletzungen zurück.

Das Erregerspektrum aus der Mundflora des Beißenden ist vielfältig und umfasst aerobe und anaerobe Bakterienstämme. Bissverletzungen stellen sowohl für den Verletzten als auch den behandelnden Arzt eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Rate an Komplikationen steigt nachweislich mit einer verzögerten medizinischen Konsultation, dem Mangel an medizinischer Sorgfalt und einer inadäquaten Wundversorgung. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit diskutieren wir die Arten und Komplikationen von Bissverletzungen, ihr potenzielles Infektionsrisiko, deren Erregerspektrum und Erscheinungsbild sowie deren effektive Therapie.
Osteitis/Osteomyelitis an Hand und Handgelenk
Authors: Lautenbach Martin , Tenbrock Arne , Bock Markus , Millrose Michael , Kim Simon , Eisenschenk Andreas
Published: June 2021

Die Osteomyelitiden im Bereich von Handgelenk und Hand sind weniger häufig als die Knocheninfektionen der langen Röhrenknochen, aber nicht selten. Viele Fragen zur Klassifikation, Pathogenese, Diagnostik, zum Therapiemanagement sowie den erreichbaren Behandlungsergebnissen sind bisher nur wenig ausreichend wissenschaftlich kontrolliert. Die Pathogenese der Erkrankung kann in posttraumatische, postoperative, fortgeleitete und hämatogene Osteomyelitiden, unter Erfassung der patientenindividuellen Risiken, eingeteilt werden. Eine frühe Diagnose und eine adäquate Therapie sind notwendig, um die betroffenen knöchernen Strukturen sowie die Funktion der angrenzenden Gelenke zu erhalten. Ein mehrzeitiges operatives Vorgehen ist dabei häufig notwendig. Zufriedenstellende Raten der Infektionskontrolle und erfolgreiche knöcherne Rekonstruktionen können meist erreicht werden. Komplikationen, verbleibende Defizite und partielle Amputationen, auch bei angemessener Therapie der Osteomyelitiden, sind auf Grund der Schwere der Erkrankung aber nicht immer zu verhindern.
Versorgungsforschung mit pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln – Die pharmako-epidemiologische Datenbank PhytoVIS
Authors: Wegener Tankred , Nieber Karen , Kraft Karin , Siegmund Stefan , Kelber Olaf , Jobst Detmar , Steinhoff Barbara
Published: June 2021

Pflanzliche Arzneimittel (Phytopharmaka) sind im Rahmen der apothekengestützten Selbstmedikation ein wichtiger Teil der eigenverantwortlichen Versorgung mit Arzneimitteln. Erkenntnisse zu Anwendungserfahrungen sowie zu Nutzen und Risiken können mit einer adäquaten Versorgungsforschung gewonnen werden. Gerade zu Risikogruppen wie Schwangere, Kinder und Patienten mit Begleiterkrankungen sind bisher nur wenige Anwendungsdaten vorhanden. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, hat die Kooperation Phytopharmaka zusammen mit dem Institut für Medizinische Statistik, Informatik und Epidemiologie am Universitätsklinikum Köln (IMSIE) die Datenbank PhytoVIS entwickelt. In einer ersten pharmako-epidemiologischen Phase wurden mit PhytoVIS produktübergreifend und indikationsbezogen Anwendungsdaten zu pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln von über 20 000 Patienten in Apotheken und Arztpraxen erfasst und so deren Wahrnehmung von Nutzen und Risiken der Selbstmedikation mit pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln dokumentiert.
Critical Congenital Heart Disease Detection in the Screening Era: Do Not Neglect the Examination!
Authors: Sankaran Deepika , Siefkes Heather , Ing Frank F. , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Poulain Francis R.
Published: June 2021

Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2)-based critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening is effective in detection of cyanotic heart lesions. We report a full-term male infant with normal perfusion who had passed the CCHD screening at approximately 24 hours after birth with preductal SpO2 of 99% and postductal SpO2 of 97%. Detection of a loud systolic cardiac murmur before discharge led to the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia (PA) with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) by echocardiogram. The infant was transferred to a tertiary care center after initiation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) therapy. Throughout the initial course, he was breathing comfortably without respiratory distress or desaturations on pulse oximetry. We believe that this is the first documented report of PA missed by CCHD screening. Thorough and serial clinical examinations of the newborn infant proved vital in the timely diagnosis of this critical disease. We review the hemodynamics and the recent literature evaluating utility of CCHD screening in the diagnosis of PA-VSD. Pulse oximetry–based CCHD screening should be considered a tool to enhance CCHD detection with an emphasis on detailed serial physical examinations in newborn infants.
Neurotrauma Registry Implementation in Colombia: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Johnson Erica D. , Oak Sangki , Griswold Dylan P. , Olaya Sandra , Puyana Juan C. , Rubiano Andres M.
Published: June 2021

Objectives Latin America is among several regions of the world that lacks robust data on injuries due to neurotrauma. This research project sought to investigate a multi-institution brain injury registry in Colombia, South America, by conducting a qualitative study to identify factors affecting the creation and implementation of a multi-institution TBI registry in Colombia before the establishment of the current registry.

Methods Key informant interviews and participant observation identified barriers and facilitators to the creation of a TBI registry at three health care institutions in this upper-middle-income country in South America.

Results The study identified barriers to implementation involving incomplete clinical data, limited resources, lack of information and technology (IT) support, time constraints, and difficulties with ethical approval. These barriers mirrored similar results from other studies of registry implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Ease of use and integration of data collection into the clinical workflow, local support for the registry, personal motivation, and the potential future uses of the registry to improve care and guide research were identified as facilitators to implementation. Stakeholders identified local champions and support from the administration at each institution as essential to the success of the project.

Conclusion Barriers for implementation of a neurotrauma registry in Colombia include incomplete clinical data, limited resources and lack of IT support. Some factors for improving the implementation process include local support, personal motivation and potential uses of the registry data to improve care locally. Information from this study may help to guide future efforts to establish neurotrauma registries in Latin America and in LMICs.
Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis—A Clinicoradiological Study
Authors: Gogineni Sujana , Gupta Dhananjay , Pradeep R. , Mehta Anish , Javali Mahendra , Acharya Purshottam T. , Srinivasa Rangasetty
Published: June 2021

Stroke is a common neurological emergency. Almost 80% of strokes are due to arterial occlusion. Venous thrombosis comprises less than 1–2% of all strokes. Involvement of the deep cerebral venous system is still rare and accounts for about 10.9% of all cerebral venous thromboses (CVT). CVT diagnosis is often delayed or missed, because of its variable clinical manifestations. We retrospectively (2015–18) and prospectively (2018–20) reviewed all the cases of CVT in a tertiary care center in south India. Out of a total of 52 CVT cases, 12 were due to the involvement of deep cerebral venous system. Their clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and outcomes were assessed. The most frequent presentation was headache followed by seizures. Hyperhomocysteinemia was the most common risk factor noted. Imaging characteristics were variable, and a high index of suspicion was required for early diagnosis. All patients had favorable outcome in our study, and except one, all were treated conservatively.
Role of molecularly-cloned hematopoietic growth factors after acute high-dose radiation exposures
Authors: Lazarus Hillard M , Armitage James O , Gale Robert Peter
Published: June 2021

Therapy of acute, high-dose whole-body exposures of humans to ionizing radiations is a complex medical challenge. Since 1944 more than 400 radiologic accidents have been registered with more than 3000 substantial radiation exposures and 127 fatalities. There are several potential interventions including supportive care, transfusions, preventative or therapeutic anti-infection drugs, molecularly-cloned myeloid growth factors and hematopoietic cell transplants. We discuss the use of the granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF and GM-CSF) to treat acute high-dose ionizing radiation exposures. Considerable data in experimental models including monkeys indicate use of these drugs accelerates bone marrow recovery and in some but not all instances increases survival. In ten accidents since 1996, 30 victims received G-CSF alone or with other growth factors. Twenty-six victims survived. In seven accidents since 1986, 28 victims received GM-CSF alone or with other growth factors; 18 victims survived. However, absent control or data from randomized trials, it is not possible to know with certainty what role, if any, receiving G-CSF or GM-CSF was of benefit. Given the favorable benefit-to-risk ratio of molecularly-cloned myeloid growth factors, their use soon after exposure to acute, high-dose whole-body ionizing radiations is reasonable.
Global regularity estimates for the Boltzmann equation without cut-off
Authors: Imbert Cyril , Silvestre Luis
Published: June 2021

We derive

C
∞

C^\infty

a priori estimates for solutions of the inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation without cut-off, conditional to pointwise bounds on their mass, energy and entropy densities. We also establish decay estimates for large velocities, for all derivatives of the solution.
Baculovirus actin-rearrangement-inducing factor ARIF-1 induces the formation of dynamic invadosome clusters
Authors: Lauko Domokos I. , Ohkawa Taro , Mares Sergio E. , Welch Matthew D.
Published: June 2021

Infection of insect cells with the baculovirus AcMNPV causes the formation of dynamic actin-rich invadosome structures. The viral protein ARIF-1 is necessary and sufficient for the formation of invadosomes, the host protein cortactin is present in these structures, and the host Arp2/3 complex is required for their formation.
Cdk1 phosphorylation of fission yeast paxillin inhibits its cytokinetic ring localization
Authors: Mangione MariaSanta C. , Chen Jun-Song , Gould Kathleen L.
Published: June 2021

We report that Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of the cytokinetic ring (CR) protein paxillin Pxl1 inhibits its binding to the CR scaffold Cdc15. Preventing Pxl1 phosphorylation results in its early CR recruitment and prolongs CR constriction. We propose that proper control of Pxl1 phospho-status by Cdk1 contributes to the efficiency of cytokinesis.
Redistribution of centrosomal proteins by centromeres and Polo kinase controls partial nuclear envelope breakdown in fission yeast
Authors: Bestul Andrew J. , Yu Zulin , Unruh Jay R. , Jaspersen Sue L.
Published: June 2021

Partial nuclear envelope breakdown is necessary for fission yeast cells to go through mitosis. Bestul et al., show that the SUN protein, Sad1, is vital in carrying out this localized breakdown that is regulated by the centromere and Polo kinase.
Inflammation: A Mediator Between Hypertension and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Youwakim Jessica , Girouard Hélène
Published: June 2021

Hypertension is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanistic link between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases remains to be understood. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is a common pathophysiological trait for both hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation at the systemic and central nervous system levels is now recognized to contribute to the physiopathology of hypertension. This review speculates that inflammation represents a mediator between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases, either by a decrease in cerebral blood flow or a disruption of the blood–brain barrier which will, in turn, let inflammatory cells and neurotoxic molecules enter the brain parenchyma. This may impact brain functions including cognition and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This review will thus discuss the relationship between hypertension, systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular functions, neuroinflammation, and brain dysfunctions. The potential clinical future of immunotherapies against hypertension and associated cerebrovascular risks will also be presented.
Inter-Hospital Escalation-of-Care Referrals for Severe Alcohol-Related Liver Disease with Recent Drinking During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chen Po-Hung , Ting Peng-Sheng , Almazan Erik , Chander Geetanjali , Cameron Andrew M , Gurakar Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Alcohol sales and consumption have increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but their downstream effects on alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are unclear. We analyzed inter-hospital escalation-of-care referrals to our tertiary care inpatient liver unit across 18 months through December 2020. There was a significant rise in severe ALD with recent unhealthy drinking in our regional community during the pandemic.