bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration Traps as the Root Cause of the Kepler Dichotomy
Authors: Zawadzki Brianna , Carrera Daniel , Ford Eric B.
Published: September 2022

It is often assumed that the “Kepler dichotomy”—the apparent excess of planetary systems with a single detected transiting planet in the Kepler catalog—reflects an intrinsic bimodality in the mutual inclinations of planetary orbits. After conducting 600 simulations of planet formation followed by simulated Kepler observations, we instead propose that the apparent dichotomy reflects a divergence in the amount of migration and the separation of planetary semimajor axes into distinct “clusters.” We find that our simulated high-mass systems migrate rapidly, bringing more planets into orbital periods of less than 200 days. The outer planets are often caught in a migration trap—a range of planet masses and locations in which a dominant corotation torque prevents inward migration—which splits the system into two clusters. If clusters are sufficiently separated, the inner cluster remains dynamically cold, leading to low mutual inclinations and a higher probability of detecting multiple transiting planets. Conversely, our simulated low-mass systems typically bring fewer planets within 200 days, forming a single cluster that quickly becomes dynamically unstable, leading to collisions and high mutual inclinations. We propose an alternative explanation for the apparent Kepler dichotomy in which migration traps during formation lead to fewer planets within the Kepler detection window, and where mutual inclinations play only a secondary role. If our scenario is correct, then Kepler’s Systems with Tightly packed Inner Planets are a sample of planets that escaped capture by corotation traps, and their sizes may be a valuable probe into the structure of protoplanetary disks.
First Laboratory Measurement of Magnetic-field-induced Transition Effect in Fe x at Different Magnetic Fields
Authors: Xu Guoqin , Yan Chenglong , Lu Qifeng , Tang Zhiming , Yang Yang , Li Wenxian , Ma Shaokun , Zhao Zihang , Huang Shihan , Song Liudi , Si Ran , Chen Chongyang , Bai Xianyong , Tian Hui , Xiao Jun , Hutton Roger , Zou Yaming
Published: September 2022

The magnetic field is extremely important for understanding the properties of the solar corona. However, there are still difficulties in the direct measurement of the coronal magnetic field. The magnetic-field-induced transition (MIT) in Fe x, appearing in coronal spectra, was discovered to have prospective applications in coronal magnetic field measurements. In this work, we obtained the extreme ultraviolet spectra of Fe x in the wavelength range of 174–267 Å in the Shanghai High-temperature Superconducting Electron Beam Ion Trap, and examined the effect of MIT in Fe x by measuring the line ratios between 257.262 Å and the reference line of 226.31 Å (257/226) at different magnetic field strengths for the first time. The electron density that may affect the 257/226 value was also obtained experimentally and verified by comparing the density-sensitive line ratio (175.266 Å/174.534 Å) measurements with the theoretical predictions, and there was good agreement between them. The energy separation between the two levels of 3s23p43d 4
D
5/2 and 3s23p43d 4
D
7/2, one of the most critical parameters for determining the MIT rate, was obtained by analyzing the simulated line ratios of 257/226 with the experimental values at the given electron densities and magnetic fields. Possible reasons that may have led to the difference between the obtained energy splitting and the recommended value in previous works are discussed. Magnetic field response curves for the 257/226 value were calculated and compared to the experimental results, which is necessary for future MIT diagnostics.
Accurate Distances of Massive Young Stars in the Scutum Spiral Arm
Authors: Li J. J. , Immer K. , Reid M. J. , Sanna A. , Rygl K. L. J. , Xu Y. , Zhang B. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M.
Published: September 2022

As part of the BeSSeL Survey, we have used the Very Long Baseline Array to measure 16 trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of molecular masers associated with 14 high-mass star-forming regions in the Scutum arm in the first quadrant of the Milky Way. This increases the number of maser sources with accurate distances in this arm to 42. The Scutum arm can now be traced over a length of ≈8 kpc and spanning ≈100° of Galactic azimuth. We find that the large inward peculiar motions noted by Immer et al. are concentrated near the end of the Galactic bar, while away from the bar modest peculiar motions more typical of spiral arms are seen, strengthening the suggestion that the large motions are induced by the bar.
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities Screening of Marine Invertebrate-Derived Fungi Extract from West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Bakhtra Dwi , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Aminah Ibtisamatul , Handayani Dian
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: The coral reef on Mandeh Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia, consists of an abundant source of sponge and soft coral. Secondary metabolites of marine-derived fungi isolated from the sponge and soft coral possess numerous biological activities.

AIM: This study collected, identified, and screened marine-derived fungi isolated from marine invertebrates for antibacterial and cytotoxic bioactivities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The marine invertebrates used are sponges; Xestospongia testudinaria and Placortis communis) and soft corals (Sarcophyton elegan and Subergorgia suberosa). The EtOAc extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities using the diffusion agar method and brine shrimps lethality test.

RESULTS: After cultivating on rice medium, the EtOAc extracts of 22 isolated fungi showed potent antimicrobial activity with an inhibitory zone of 15.9 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (XT2 extract), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 26.7 mm (XT6 extract), and Candida albicans of 29 mm (SE5 extract). XT6 extract showed the potential cytotoxic activity with an LC50 value of 100 μg/ml.

CONCLUSION: The ability of the marine-derived fungi to produce bioactive compounds is promising potential as a source of antimicrobial and cytotoxic compounds.
Nutrition Telemonitoring for CKD-HD Patients: A Qualitative Study on Patients, Patients’ Families, Medical Teams, and Hospital Management
Authors: Widiasih Esti , Setyonugroho Winny , Ulfa Maria
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: CKD-HD patients require a nutritional monitoring system to control the amount of protein, fluid, sodium, potassium, and phosphate intake to reduce readmission rates and to improve their life quality. The Nutrition Telemonitoring Application (NTA) has a potential to resolve this problem.

AIM: Therefore, this study aims to prepare NTA design materials conditioned to the needs of patients, families, medical teams, and hospital management.

METHODS: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted on 16 informants consisting of patients, families, medical teams, and hospital management teams. Furthermore, a purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants, and the thematic analysis of the audio recording was conducted.

RESULTS: Three main themes and seven sub-themes were identified. First, all participants in support of NTA will be beneficial. Second, NTA implementation requires family, medical team, hospital management, and BPJS (Health Social Security Agency). Third, all participants demand an easy Indonesian language interface equipped with pictures of food portions, additional alarm features, exercise, food recipes, educational videos, and free of charge.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important insights considering the issues associated with the sustainability of NTA design and long-term benefits for CKD-HD patients.
Coal Dust Exposures Change the Spiral Artery Remodeling and Natural Killer Cells Counts in the Uterus of Pregnant Rats
Authors: Wasilah Siti , Soeatmadji Djoko W. , Sardjono Teguh Wahju , Kania Nia , Noor Meitria S.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has numerous coal resources, but the effects of environmental pollution by coal dust to human health, especially the reproductive system, are still less investigated. Chronic coal exposures during pregnancy might cause systemic and uterine inflammation that induces disturbances of spiral artery remodeling.

AIM: This research was conducted to analyze the effect of coal dust exposures to uterine spiral artery remodeling and natural killer (NK) cell counts.

METHODS: There were 42 female adult Rattus norvegicus rats which had been simultaneously mated after synchronization of estrous cycle used as animal subjects. The rats then divided into seven groups, those were K0 (without exposure); K1-1, K1-2, K1-3; and K2-1, K2-2, K2-3 which were exposed to 6.25 mg/m3, 12.5 mg/m3, and 25 mg/m3 dose for 1 h (K1) and 2 h (K2) per day, respectively. The rats were exposed by a dust exposure machine (NKBS-1-2010- 0.5) every morning starting from the day-1 to day-19 post-mating and were sacrificed on day-19 afternoon. All uterus lobes of each pregnant rat were taken and histologically processed by HE staining. Five histological slides were randomly taken as samples representing each pregnant rat and were examined for ten visual fields per slide for the measurements of diameter and wall thickness of spiral arteries. NK cells were observed immunobiological. Data analyses used Kruskal–Wallis.

RESULTS: Result showed that there were significant differences of diameters and wall thickness of spiral arteries and uterine NK cells in all exposed groups compared to control (P < 0.05). Diameter and wall thickness of spiral arteries were thicker in coal dust exposure than normal pregnant rats. NK cell number was more in coal dust exposure than normal pregnant.

CONCLUSION: Coal dust exposures caused the thickening of wall and narrowing of lumen of spiral arteries and NK cell counts that might influence pregnancy.
Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment: Laser Photocoagulation Versus anti-VEGF Drugs
Authors: Elmadina Abd Elaziz Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Objective: The present study was aimed to compare best-corrected vision and central macular thickness for macular edema in diabetes (DME) after utilizing laser, Avastin, and Lucentis.
Methods: A retrospective randomized cross-sectional study was conducted at Alfaisal Eye Center, Khartoum. Best-corrected vision and central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed by Snellen's chart and Heidelberg optical coherence tomography OCT, respectively. Results: In this study, a total of 252 records of DME-treated patients with laser applications, Avastin, and Lucentis were enrolled, their mean age was 57 ± 5.22 yrs. A significant enhancement in best-corrected vision and CMT of studied groups with laser applications, Avastin, and Lucentis was obtained (P= 0.000) with no differences between treated groups (p= 0.445 and 0,479), respectively. Non-significant differences in variable measurements related to gender or age (p = 0.117, 0.781), respectively. CMT of females (260 ± 48 μm) was thinner than males (306 ± 74 μm) after treatment (P = 0.000).
Conclusion: laser applications, Avastin, and Lucentis improved best-corrected vision and reduced central macular thickness significantly with no clear differences between studied groups. Age or gender have a non-significant impact on dependent variables. Females gained thinner results compared to males after treatment.
Cardiovascular Disorders as a Result of COVID-19
Authors: Kovalevskaiia Liudmila , Pakhlevanzade Alireza , Ivanchenko Svetlana , Kupriianova Larysa , Volianska Veronika , Plakida Alexander , Panigrahi Pradosh
Published: September 2022

Based on the literature data, we present current literature information about frequency, main spectrum, and prognostic value of cardiovascular complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have highlighted in detail the variants of cardiovascular disorders in the case of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by concomitant diseases of hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, virus-associated myocarditis, and heart failure. We have described the adverse cardiovascular effects of medicines of different groups used to treat COVID-19 disease and possible medical interactions. We have summarized some current recommendations on cardiotonic and cardioprotective therapy in the case of patients with cardiovascular complications.
Algorithms and communication: A systematized literature review
Authors: García-Orosa Berta , Canavilhas João , Vázquez-Herrero Jorge
Published: September 2022

The influence of algorithms on society is increasing due to their growing presence in all areas of daily life. Although we are not always aware of it, they sometimes usurp the identity of other social actors. The main purpose of this article is to address the meta-research on the field of artificial intelligence and communication from a holistic perspective that allows us to analyze the state of academic research, as well as the possible effects on these areas and on the democratic system. To this end, we carried out a systematized review of recent literature using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The subject analyzed is changing and novel: it includes the impact and interaction of algorithms, bots, automated processes, and artificial intelligence mechanisms in journalism and communication, as well as their effects on democracy. The results show expanding scientific production, mostly in English, based on theoretical discussion or focused on the perception of communication professionals. The object of study is centered mostly on journalism and democracy, and to a lesser degree on ethics or education. Studies indicate great interest in the effects of the use of algorithms on journalism and democracy, but the answers are still uncertain and the challenges for the coming years are significant.

La influencia de los algoritmos en la sociedad es cada vez mayor a través de una presencia creciente en todos los ámbitos de la vida diaria, sin que seamos conscientes de ello y, en ocasiones, usurpando la identidad de otros actores sociales. El artículo tiene como propósito principal abordar la metainvestigación sobre el campo de la inteligencia artificial y la comunicación, desde una perspectiva holística que permita analizar el estado de la investigación académica, así como los posibles efectos en estas dos áreas y en la convivencia en un sistema democrático. Para ello se lleva a cabo una revisión sistematizada de la literatura reciente desde enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos. La temática analizada es cambiante y novedosa; incluye el impacto y la interacción de algoritmos, bots, procesos automatizados y mecanismos de inteligencia artificial en el periodismo y la comunicación, así como su efecto en la democracia. Los resultados dibujan una producción científica en expansión, mayoritariamente en inglés, basada en la discusión teórica o centrada en la percepción de los profesionales de la comunicación. El objeto de estudio mayoritario se sitúa en el periodismo y en la democracia, con menor implicación de la ética o la educación. Los estudios señalan un gran interés sobre los efectos del uso de algoritmos sobre el periodismo y la democracia, pero las respuestas son todavía inciertas y los retos para los próximos años importantes.
Les enjeux de la nouvelle formation professionnelle
Authors: Faron Olivier , Rey Frédéric , Tuchszirer Carole , Ohrel Mélanie
Published: September 2022

Recteur de l’académie de Strasbourg, ancien administrateur général du Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Olivier Faron dresse un diagnostic complet de la formation professionnelle à partir de ses principales transformations paradigmatiques. Ces dernières touchent à la fois au cœur de sa philosophie politique, à ses acteurs, ses dispositifs, son ingénierie, ses contenus, usages et modes de transmission. Cette redéfinition en profondeur du système pousse alors à une plus grande vigilance en termes d’accès et de qualité d’accompagnement pour toutes et tous, notamment les plus fragiles.
Entre prescription et émancipation
Authors: Teboul Thierry , Rey Frédéric , Tuchszirer Carole , Chabbert Emmanuelle
Published: September 2022

Les intermittents du spectacle sont caractérisés par une forte autonomie dans leur relation à l’emploi et à la formation. Depuis les années 1970, l’ afdas a développé une expertise de l’accompagnement de ces publics situés aux marges du salariat traditionnel. Peut-on en tirer des enseignements pour l’ensemble des salariés dans le cadre législatif actuel de la loi française « pour la liberté de choisir son avenir professionnel » ? Son directeur en est convaincu. Il y a bien un point de rencontre entre les pratiques des intermittents et la philosophie actuelle du système de formation. L’émancipation en matière de choix de formation serait bénéfique à l’ensemble des salariés, à condition toutefois de renforcer prioritairement leurs capabilités, à condition aussi que cette émancipation s’accorde avec un certain niveau de prescription stratégique dans le cadre d’un dialogue équilibré sur la formation. Les entreprises et les branches professionnelles ont toujours un rôle-clé à jouer en matière de prospective de l’emploi et de définition des politiques de formation.
Les agents d’exploitation des réseaux routiers face à la complexité de la présence et de la prise en charge des restes mortels
Authors: Mauro Cynthia
Published: September 2022

Les accidents graves de la circulation impliquant une ou plusieurs victimes décédées engagent et mobilisent de nombreux moyens humains et matériels bien identifiés tels que les unités d’interventions et de secours médicalisés (Sapeurs-pompiers, Samu), les forces de l’ordre (Police, Gendarmerie), les pompes funèbres, les dépanneurs. Or, ils saisissent également l’expertise d’autres professionnels : les agents d’exploitation appelés aussi les patrouilleurs de la route. La gestion opérationnelle d’une scène d’accident confronte ces agents à de multiples épreuves de réalité incluant la possibilité d’une présence de fluides biologiques (sang) et de restes mortels sur les voies. Il s’agira ici de concentrer notre réflexion autour de la singularité de cette mission, des enjeux sur le plan émotionnel et des possibilités en termes de prévention et d’accompagnement des risques psychiques.
La reconstitution faciale en identification médico-legale. Les critères objectifs de ressemblance
Authors: Desbois Claire
Published: September 2022

La reconstitution faciale (RF) est une technique anthropologique qui permet de restituer un visage à partir d’un crâne. Elle est utilisée à des fins d’identification lorsque toutes les autres méthodes ont échoué. Or, il est nécessaire de pouvoir identifier avec certitude. Le visage reconstitué doit pour cela avoir une ressemblance avec le visage d’un ou plusieurs disparus. Sur le plan scientifique, nous ne pouvons introduire aucun élément subjectif et nous devons trouver des moyens reproductibles et tangibles.
Se reconstruire après la disparition des siens. À la recherche des traces effacées
Authors: Alexopoulos-de Girard Christina
Published: September 2022

Après une réflexion sur différentes formes de disparition dans leurs aspects régressifs et une évocation des enjeux mémoriels et narratifs du témoin, nous évoquons le travail thérapeutique auprès de personnes traumatisées confrontées aux tentatives d’effacement des traces. En révélant l’encre invisible des premières inscriptions, en analysant la polyphonie narrative du sujet, en restaurant la fresque d’un passé en co-construction, le travail thérapeutique ouvre la voie à une réécriture de soi.
Le paradigme de toute différence
Authors: Schaeffer Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

La différence des sexes est paradigmatique de toute différence. La grande découverte de la puberté, c’est celle du vagin. L’angoisse de castration, chef d’orchestre de l’organisation phallique, est une théorie sexuelle infantile qui édicte la survalorisation narcissique d’un sexe unique, le pénis. Des oppositions sont explorées entre phallique et masculin, entre féminité et féminin. Le phallique veut dominer le féminin, le masculin veut découvrir le féminin. L’autre sexe, qu’on soit homme ou femme, c’est toujours le sexe féminin.
Enlevées, raptées, violées, ou ravies d’être enlevées
Authors: De Neuter Patrick
Published: September 2022

Après avoir évoqué les principaux fantasmes conscients et inconscients des hommes tels qu’ils se révèlent dans le mythe de l’enlèvement d’Europe, à savoir l’enlèvement, le rapt, le viol et le ravissement, l’auteur pose la question de la présence chez les femmes de tels fantasmes. Au passage, il souligne le statut du fantasme en tant qu’il n’est pas nécessairement souhait de sa réalisation. Il conclut qu’une femme n’est pas l’autre et que la féminité est un concept abstrait aux mille et un visages évoluant d’un auteur à l’autre, d’un siècle à l’autre, d’une culture à l’autre, et que ce n’est pas aux analystes à décider la féminité vers laquelle le sujet devrait tendre.
La question trans dans la psychanalyse et pour le psychanalyste
Authors: Millot Catherine , Miller Jacques-Alain
Published: September 2022

La table ronde énonce un point de vue sur le débat actuel de la question « Trans ». Présentés par Marielle David avec Patrick Landman, Catherine Millot rappelle le contexte tout autre de son ouvrage Horsexe , en 1983, et manifeste sa réserve sur l’offre chirurgicale qui est faite à une large échelle pour « changer de sexe », donc son retrait actuel sur cette question ; Jacques-Alain Miller montre l’enjeu préoccupant pour la psychanalyse de prises de positions des mouvances trans qui lui interdisent toute interprétation, donc récusent toute validité à son intervention.
Data science en santé et protection des données du Métavers
Authors: Mebarki Adel
Published: September 2022

L’usage des réseaux sociaux en santé connaît un essor permanent dans une société de plus en plus connectée. Ces plateformes sont devenues de véritables outils dans le parcours de vie des patients. De la recherche d’informations à la constitution de communautés, les réseaux sociaux s’imposent comme un élément permanent du « parcours de soins numérique » des patients et des parties prenantes en santé. Cette production spontanée de données de la vie réelle fait l’objet d’une multitude de recherches à des fins de santé publique. Mais à l’ère annoncée du Métavers, plusieurs questionnements éthiques et sociétaux se posent autour de l’exploitation de ces données sensibles.
Digestibility of defatted insect meals for rainbow trout aquafeeds
Authors: Gasco L. , Caimi C. , Trocino A. , Lussiana C. , Oddon S. Bellezza , Malfatto V. , Anedda R. , Serra G. , Biasato I. , Schiavone A. , Gai F. , Renna M.
Published: September 2022

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), amino acids (AA), and the main fatty acids (FA) of four defatted insect meals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been assessed. The tested meals were obtained from two yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor – TM1 and TM2), one black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens – HI) and one lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus – AD). The experimental diets were prepared by means of the substitution method, with each test ingredient included in the diet at 30% on an as fed basis and using Celite® as an inert digestibility marker. Eighty rainbow trout (140±5.6 g) were stocked in tanks connected to an open water system. Faeces were collected over four consecutive weeks using an automatic collection device after feeding the fish. The ADCs of the DM, CP and GE of the insect meals differed significantly, with the AD meal displaying the lowest values. The ADC of the EE in the different meals did not vary. As far as AA digestibility is concerned, the ADC of methionine changed according to the following pattern TM2=HI>TM1>AD, whereas the ADCs of cysteine and tyrosine were significantly lower in the AD meal than in the other meals. The ADCs of the main FAs (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:1 c9, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3) were higher than 85% and did not differ significantly in the insect meals. Overall, the tested insect meals resulted to be highly digestible and the differences among them depended on both the insect species and the specific production techniques of the meals. These results provide useful data that may be considered to properly formulate compound diets for rainbow trout using innovative protein sources.
An operational calculus formulation of fractional calculus with general analytic kernels
Authors: Rani Noosheza , Fernandez Arran
Published: September 2022

Fractional calculus with analytic kernels provides a general setting of integral and derivative operators that can be connected to Riemann–Liouville fractional calculus via convergent infinite series. We interpret these operators from an algebraic viewpoint, using Mikusiński's operational calculus, and utilise this algebraic formalism to solve some fractional differential equations.
Regular local hyperrings and hyperdomains
Authors: Bordbar Hashem , Jančič-Rašovič Sanja , Cristea Irina
Published: September 2022

This paper falls in the area of hypercompositional algebra. In particular it focuses on the class of Krasner hyperrings and it studies the regular local hyperrings. These are Krasner hyperrings $ R $ with a unique maximal hyperideal $ M $ having the dimension equal to the dimension of the vectorial hyperspace $ \frac{M}{M^2} $. The aim of the paper is to show that any regular local hyperring is a hyperdomain. For proving this, we make use of the relationship existing between the dimension of the vectorial hyperspaces related to the hyperring $ R $ and to the quotient hyperring $ \overline{R} = \frac{R}{\langle a\rangle} $, where $ a $ is an element in $ M\setminus M^2 $, and of the regularity of $ \overline{R} $.
Morphology of the Caucasian Languages: A Typological Overview
Authors: Arkadiev Peter
Published: September 2022

The indigenous languages of the Caucasus (Nakh-Daghestanian, Abkhazo-Agyghean and Kartvelian) present a remarkable degree of diversity in their morphological systems, both between and within larger genealogical units and even closely-related varieties. This article is an attempt to present a theoretically and typologically informed overview of the major parameters of morphological variation of the Caucasian languages and to highlight a number of non-trivial and rare phenomena found in their morphology. The phenomena discussed include locus of marking, types of affixal and non-affixal exponence, non-trivial form-meaning relations, and manifestations of polysynthesis.
Bojan Čop and the Etymology of Tocharian käṣṣi ‘teacher’
Authors: Zimmer Stefan
Published: September 2022

AB käṣṣi ‘teacher’ is due to Bojan Čop (1975).
Vers une vie plurielle
Authors: Brack André
Published: September 2022

Sur Terre, le passage de la matière à la vie se fit avec des systèmes chimiques capables d’auto-reproduction et d’évolution. Deux voies sont explorées pour comprendre ce passage : la synthèse d’une vie artificielle en tube à essais et la recherche d’un deuxième exemple de vie sur un corps céleste présentant des conditions voisines de celles de la Terre primitive. Ces conditions existaient probablement sur Mars il y a 4 milliards d’années et existent peut-être encore aujourd’hui sous la calotte glaciaire d’Europe. Les molécules organiques détectées dans le milieu interstellaire et la découverte des planètes extrasolaires permettent d’envisager la présence de vie au-delà du système solaire.
L’essor de l’exobiologie planétaire dans le système solaire
Authors: Raulin François
Published: September 2022

Le développement de l’exploration spatiale a ouvert la voie à de nouvelles perspectives de recherches dans le domaine des origines de la vie (sur Terre ou ailleurs). L’observation détaillée in situ des autres corps du système solaire permet en effet de comparer des données chimiques et environnementales, et d’étudier des composés organiques d’intérêt prébiotique sur d’autres corps que la Terre (Titan, les comètes). Elle permet aussi de susciter une confrontation des différents scénarios plausibles menant, d’une manière générale à l’apparition du vivant. Certains corps planétaires (Mars, Europe) peuvent en outre être de bons candidats pour abriter (ou avoir abrité) la vie. L’ensemble de ces investigations laissent entrevoir dans les années à venir, grâce à des expériences embarquées de plus en plus spécifiques, la découverte de nouveaux paramètres cernant de mieux en mieux la question de la vie dans l’univers, tout en posant de nouvelles questions d’éthique.
L’exobiologie, l’imaginaire et le symbolique
Authors: Schneider Jean
Published: September 2022

Ce texte avance l’idée que les commentaires en langue naturelle qui accompagnent, nécessairement, les activités expérimentales de l’exobiologie (expériences de laboratoire, missions spatiales, observations astronomiques...) relèvent inévitablement du roman. On retrouve là les analyses sur la « mise en intrigue » de l’Histoire développées par Paul Veyne et Paul Ricœur. Plutôt que de recourir à la linguistique ou à la sémiotique pour soutenir ce point de vue, on s’appuie « sur l’épistémolo-analyse », une branche de la psychanalyse appliquée, qui est à l’épistémologie ce que la psycho-analyse est à l’analyse littéraire. Cette approche est appliquée à la réflexion sur l’essence de ce que peut-être une vie extraterrestre et à la notion « d’origine de la vie ». Dans ce dernier cas, on défend l’idée que toute origine est un leurre de l’image du sujet dans le miroir, ici le miroir du langage.
Un siècle de génétique
Authors: Morange Michel
Published: September 2022

Le titre « Un siècle de génétique » est à la fois un clin d’œil à l’ouvrage récemment publié par la philosophe américaine Evelyn Fox Keller1 et la reconnaissance que le développement de la génétique aura, autant sinon plus que celui de l’informatique, marqué le xxe siècle. En 1900, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns et Erich von Tschermak redécouvraient les lois de Mendel. Le début de l’année 2001 aura été marqué par l’achèvement du séquençage du génome humain. En un peu moins d’un siècle – il fut inventé en 1909 – le concept de gène s’est cependant profondément transformé. Caractériser ces transformations est un moyen privilégié pour suivre l’évolution des sciences du vivant pendant tout le xxe siècle.
Nantes au temps de ses observatoires
Authors: Sauzereau Olivier
Published: September 2022

Durant des siècles la Marine et l’astronomie ont été intimement liées. La détermination de sa position en mer, le réglage des chronomètres de Marine, nécessitaient en effet une bonne connaissance de la science des étoiles. Le port de Nantes, par son important trafic de la Marine marchande, n’a pas échappé à cette pratique de l’astronomie. Curieusement, cette histoire de « l’astronomie nantaise » était jusqu’à présent restée ignorée. Cet exposé se propose de révéler l’existence de quatre observatoires astronomiques successifs, de 1672 à 1887, et tout particulièrement la fondation, en 1827, d’un « Observatoire Astronomique de la Marine » dont la tour domine toujours le port de Nantes. Miraculeusement, ce dernier observatoire a survécu jusqu’à nos jours, constituant ainsi un véritable patrimoine scientifique et culturel de la ville.
Présentation du colloque
Authors: Emptoz Gérard , Lambert Jean-Louis , Brucelle Françis
Published: September 2022

Ce numéro réunit l'ensemble des textes que les auteurs des différentes interventions ont remis aux organisateurs, ainsi que les notes prises au cours des discussions qui ont suivi chacune des sessions. Pour différentes raisons, certains textes ne présentent que l'essentiel des exposés, et ils s'appuient sur les enregistrements réalisés au cours de la journée. Pour que les informations fournies par ces documents soient plus complètes, il a été demandé aux auteurs d'adjoindre des références bibliographiques. Le lecteur pourra ainsi trouver des éléments complémentaires qui pourraient l'intéresser à propos de chacune des interventions. Plus généralement, le présent fascicule est destiné à donner un panorama aussi complet que possible des informations et des échanges d'idées qui ont eu lieu tout au long de ce colloque.
COVID-19: role of resilience on the psychological impact of lockdown in liver transplant transitional candidates and recipients
Authors: Merisio Alessandra , Ravasio Daniela , Pasulo Luisa , Leonardi Filippo , Ghirardi Arianna , Stroppa Paola , Guizzetti Michela , Lucà Maria Grazia , Spada Maria Simonetta , Bondi Emi , Colledan Michele , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Fagiuoli Stefano
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the necessary spreading control measures implemented by the governments have induced drastic changes in daily life. The reduction in mobility and strict social contact limitations are posing a great challenge, particularly for the adolescents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological and emotional impact of lockdown and their relationship with resilience, on adolescents and young adults listed for liver transplant or liver trans-plant recipient. Social and demographic variables of subjects (n=66) were collected and the analyses were based on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25), exploring the following areas: emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress; and resilience factors. A correlation between the measured degrees of depression/anxiety and resilience was evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression models. The results showed a significant correlation between subscales: DASS depression/anxiety (r2=0.62) depression/stress (r2=0.65) CD-RISC commitment/optimism (r2=0.71). The total score of DAAS depression/anxiety/stress scales significantly diminished at the increasing of CD-RISC total score. The inverse correlation between CD-RISC and DAAS seems to refer to the subscale of the relationship between DAAS depression and CDRISC (β= –0.33, P=0.006). Our findings suggest that resilience can be a protective factor for adolescent liver transplant recipients and liver transplant candidates in mitigating the onset of negative psychological symptoms correlated with the pandemic.
Clinical Profile of Ankylosing Spondylitis at a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Karoli Yogesh , Avasthi Sachin , Mahapatra Swagat , Karoli Ritu
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background:

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a type of spondyloarthropathy, is an autoimmune disease that mainly involves spine joints, sacroiliac joints and their adjacent soft tissues, such as tendons and ligaments. Progression of disease can lead to fibrosis and calcification, resulting in the loss of flexibility and mobility of the spine. The common clinical presentation is inflammatory back pain which is often neglected. The aim of our study was to assess the demographic and clinical proflie of patients of ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed on the basis of radiographic sacroillitis.

Methods:

In a cross sectional hospital based study, the patients visiting to outpatient departments with inflammatory back pain were evaluated and 200 patients who had sacroiliitis according to modified New york criteria were diagnosed to have ankylosing spondylitis. The demographic and clinical profile was studied. Disease activity was assessed by using the ASDAS and BASDAI and function by BASFI and BASMI.

Results:

Amongst the study participants, 72 % were males and 28 % were females. The mean age of participants was 46± 12years. The mean duration of symptoms was10± 3 years. Out of all, 92% patients were HLA B27 positive. High BASDAI score (>4) was positively correlated with elevated CRP, ESR, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and had negative correlation with serum vitamin D levels.

Conclusion:

Most of the patients in our study had advanced disease might be due to delay in the diagnosis. They had high BASDAI with elevated inflammatory markers. Awareness for early and definite diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is needed to prevent irreversible structural damage, and worsening of quality of life.
Harmful Traditional Practices among Market Women in Ojuwoye Market Mushin, South West, Nigeria
Authors: Ikeaba Nkechi Chukwudi , Balogun Mobolanle Rasheedat , Olubodun Tope , Okafor Ifeoma
Published: September 2022

Traditions are the long-established patterns of actions or behaviors, often handed down within a community over many generations. Harmful traditional practices (HTPs) are customs that are known to have deleterious effects on people's health and obstruct the goals of equality, political, and social rights. They include female genital mutilation, intimate partner violence, male preference, child marriage, and food taboos. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of HTPs among market women in Mushin Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos, Nigeria. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 235 market women in Ojuwoye market, Mushin LGA, Lagos. Respondents were selected using the systematic sampling method, and the data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Epi info version 7. Proportions, mean, and standard deviation were generated and Chi-square test was used to explore the associations. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of HTP. Majority (66.8%) of the respondents had fair knowledge of HTPs. Overall attitude was generally good as 86% had an opposing attitude toward HTPs. About one-third of respondents (35.3%) practiced at least one form of HTP. Supportive attitude toward HTP was a predictor of HTP. Respondents with supportive attitude toward HTPs were 15.5 times more likely to practice HTPs than respondents with opposing attitude (adjusted odds ratio 15.51 confidence interval 4.22–57.07). Behavioral change programs should be geared toward improving the attitude of women against HTP and reducing the practice of HTP.
Retinal Toxicity from Chronic Hydroxychloroquine use in Kenya
Authors: Onyango Oscar M. , Sitati Sarah M.
Published: September 2022

Irreversible visual loss due to retinal toxicity is one of the side effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy. The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus-19 (COVID 19) has seen HCQ proposed as a possible treatment and prophylactic drug, leading to its increased use. Many are unaware of its ocular side effects. We describe a case of HCQ-induced retinopathy in a 46-year-old female who was referred by a rheumatologist for routine eye review.
The Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring among Obese and Nonobese Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Mathews Hella Fiona , Kumar Sunil , Madhu B. , Gona Oliver Joel , Srinath K. M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are two major factors related with the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Co-existing hypertension with diabetes mellitus and obesity has poor prognosis for cardiovascular diseases. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) correlates more closely to target organ damage than clinic blood pressure.

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to assess and compare ABPM pattern among obese and nonobese diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among fifty obese and fifty nonobese diabetic patients who were classified based on their body mass index as per the WHO criterion. The clinical blood pressure measurements were measured on each subject using a digital sphygmomanometer, and 24 h ABPM was done and ABPM parameters such as dipping pattern, 24 h systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Mean SBP, mean DBP, diurnal variability of SBP, DBP, Mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, SD systole (Standard Deviation systole), SD diastole, white coat hypertension was derived and compared between the two groups.

Results:

Around 37 (74%) obese and 18 (36%) nonobese showed non dipping pattern in SBP and 28 (66.7%) of obese and 14 (33.3%) of nonobese showed a nondipping pattern in DBP and was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). On comparison between normotensive obese and normotensive nonobese, it was found that SBP non dipping pattern18 (67%) versus 9 (29%) and DBP nondipping pattern 12 (45%) versus 5 (16%) was statistically significant with P = 0.004, 0.016, respectively.

Conclusion:

Obese diabetes mellitus subjects had altered ABPM parameters and increased prevalence of nondipping status. In addition, obese diabetic patients who did not give prior history of hypertension were also found to have higher nondipping SBP and DBP patterns.
The Role of 12-Lead Electrocardiogram in the Risk Stratification of Non-St Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome and the Correlation with Coronary Angiography - The CINCHONA Study - A Prospective Cohort Study in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Barun , Kodliwadmath Ashwin , Upadhyay Amar Nath , Nath Ranjit Kumar , Pandit Neeraj , Wardhan Harsh , Singh Anupam
Published: September 2022

Background:

Clinical guidelines recommend risk stratification of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NST-ACS) using the GRACE risk score. However, the GRACE risk score is not followed widely in clinical practice due to various reasons. Our primary objectives of this study were to correlate the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) of NST-ACS with coronary angiography (CAG) findings and to identify specific ECG changes that are suggestive of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) thus helping to triage all patients with NST-ACS.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study was undertaken on patients diagnosed with NST-ACS in a medical college hospital, in Northern India over one and a ½ years. The admission ECG of the patients was compared with CAG findings to find out the correlation between the two with respect to severity of CAD. Categorical and quantitative variables were compared using the Chi-square test and independent t-test, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated using the univariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

On comparing the two groups with normal and abnormal ECG, we found that smokers had significantly higher odds of having an abnormal ECG (OR 3.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.29–8.50]). Patients with an abnormal ECG had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those with normal ECG (52.01 ± 10.56 vs. 55.96 ± 6.13%, P = 0.045). The patients with severe CAD on CAG had significantly higher odds of abnormal ECG (OR 3.68, 95% CI [1.2311.04]). Of the specific ECG abnormalities, ST depression and T-wave inversion in same or different leads were significantly associated with severity of CAD (OR 0.13, 95% CI [0.04–0.43], P = 0.001 and OR 0.13, 95% CI [0.03–0.46], P = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusion:

The identification of ECG changes suggestive of high-risk CAD can dictate to transfer such patients without delay to a percutaneous coronary intervention capable hospital for urgent CAG with intent to revascularization, thus helping in risk stratification of NST-ACS at the community level.
Dual Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Paneyala Shasthara , Nemichandra S. C. , Sundaramurthy Harsha , Colaco K. Vimala Christina
Published: September 2022

Cold agglutinin disease is a rare cause of arterial thrombosis leading to stroke, commonly encountered against a background of mycoplasma pneumonia infections. A 22-year-old patient presented with acute-onset left hemiplegia preceded by a short history of fever and cough. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a right middle cerebral artery infarct. Serially repeated hemoglobin levels showed a progressive drop and peripheral smear showed evidence of hemolysis. Blood drawn for investigations would rapidly clot, suggesting a possibility of cold agglutinin-induced hemolysis. The patient was then worked up for all the possible causes of hemolytic anemia including secondary causes which were all negative except for significant immunoglobulin M mycoplasma levels with elevated cold antibody titers. The patient was then initiated on pulse steroids with azithromycin and doxycycline and hemoglobin levels stabilized. The patient also developed pulmonary thromboembolism which was managed with anticoagulation. The patient made a steady improvement, was discharged, and is on follow-up. Here, we present a unique case of mycoplasma associated cold agglutinin disease causing arterial thrombosis.
Comparative Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine Apical Plug Thickness on Fracture Resistance of Immature Teeth
Authors: Mohite Pramod , Ramteke Ankita Dadarao , Gupta Ruchika , Patil Suvarna , Gupta Divya
Published: September 2022

Aim:

This study aims to compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after using different thicknesses of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine apical plug.

Materials and Methods:

Forty human maxillary anterior teeth were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into eight groups of five teeth in each group. Positive control group = 5 teeth; prepared without access cavity preparation. Access cavities of the remaining 35 teeth were prepared, and instrumented with Peeso reamers. Negative control = 5 teeth; filled with calcium hydroxide. Thirty teeth divided into Groups 1 and 2 of MTA (MTA-Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and Biodentine (Septodant, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) and each group divided into three subgroups: subgroup A - 3 mm apical plug; subgroup B - 6 mm apical plug; and subgroup C: full canal length. The rest of the canals in subgroups A and B were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. After the required storage period, all the samples were subjected to fracture testing under universal testing machine and fracture strength was recorded. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons.

Results:

The negative control group showed the lowest fracture resistance compared with the other groups (P < 0.0001). The 6-mm apical plug subgroup of biodentine showed the highest fracture resistance.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, MTA and Biodentine can be used as an apical plug instead of root canal filling material to increase the fracture resistance of immature teeth.