bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of COVID‐19 vaccination in Chinese children aged 3–7 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Li , Cao Jingke , Hu Siqi , Liu Changgen , Feng Zhichun , Li Qiuping
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To describe the status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination with inactivated vaccines BBIBP‐CorV and CoronaVac in Chinese children aged 3–7 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and explore factors influencing vaccination and reasons for nonvaccination.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involving parents of 397 BPD children aged 3–7 years was conducted through WeChat or follow‐up telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire form. Factors influencing COVID‐19 vaccination were explored by using modified Poisson regression models.

Results

The overall COVID‐19 vaccination rate was 69.0% (95% confidence interval: 64.3%–73.4%). COVID‐19 vaccination was less likely to be accepted in children whose mothers had a relatively high educational background (university and above), who lived in urban areas and had a low birth weight (<1 kg), a history of hospitalization for lung diseases in the past 12 months, and intellectual disability. Conversely, kindergarten students and children from families with an annual income of >300,000 CNY (41,400 USD) were more likely to accept vaccination. Adverse reactions occurred in 13/274 children (4.7%) within 10 days after vaccination. With respect to reasons of not accepting COVID‐19 vaccination, 95 parents (77.2%) worried about the adverse reactions, and 17 parents (13.8%) refused vaccination on the excuse of not being convenient to go to the vaccination station or not knowing where to get the vaccines.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 vaccination rate in BPD children aged 3–7 years needs to be further improved in China. Continuous efforts are required to monitor postvaccination adverse reactions in BPD children, and make vaccination more convenient and accessible.
Home‐based video assessment of ease of movement for patients with Duchenne: Interviews with physical therapists to select movement tasks
Authors: Contesse Marielle G. , Hodges Jason , Staunton Hannah , Lowes Linda P. , Elmankabadi Bassem , Elder Sonya J. , Ormazabal Maitea Guridi , Dalle Pazze Laura , Leffler Mindy G.
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) change their movement patterns to compensate for muscle weakness. The Duchenne Video Assessment (DVA) measures ease of movement through evaluation of compensatory movements. The DVA directs caregivers to video record patients performing home‐based movement tasks using a mobile application, and DVA‐certified physical therapists evaluate the videos using scorecards with prespecified compensatory movement criteria. Two qualitative interview studies were conducted to select movement tasks for the DVA that are relevant to patients with DMD and able to reflect changes in function.

Methods

Qualitative interviews with eligible physical therapists were conducted remotely. Physical therapists were asked to spontaneously suggest movement tasks prior to evaluating specific movement tasks selected a priori. Analysts conducted a content analysis to investigate whether movement tasks selected a priori were confirmed as relevant to the population of interest and able to show changes in function.

Results

The studies included five physical therapists to select tasks for ambulatory patients with DMD and six for non‐ambulatory patients. For an ambulatory population, all five experts confirmed Climb Five Stairs, Run, Stand Up from Sitting, Sit Up from Supine, and Jump Forward, and four (80%) confirmed Walk as relevant and able to show functional changes. For a non‐ambulatory population, all six experts confirmed Eat 10 Bites, Roll Over in Bed, Shift Weight in Bed, Take T‐Shirt Off, Put T‐Shirt On, Put Arms on Armrest, and Reach Across Table to Grab Cell Phone, and five (83%) confirmed Raise Hands Above Head as relevant and able to show functional changes.

Discussion

Physical therapists confirmed the DVA movement tasks as relevant to patients with DMD and able to reflect changes in function. The use of the DVA in clinical trials provides an opportunity to collect data not seen in clinic and reduce travel burden for families.
Quantification of carboxylate‐bridged di‐zinc site stability in protein due ferri by single‐molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Wang Mengdie , Zhao Zhongxin , Zheng Peng
Published: January 2023

Carboxylate‐bridged diiron proteins belong to a protein family involved in different physiological processes. These proteins share the conservative EXXH motif, which provides the carboxylate bridge and is critical for metal binding. Here, we choose de novo‐designed single‐chain due ferri protein (DFsc), a four‐helical protein with two EXXH motifs as a model protein, to study the stability of the carboxylate‐bridged di‐metal binding site. The mechanical and kinetic properties of the di‐Zn site in DFsc were obtained by atomic force microscopy‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy. Zn‐DFsc showed a considerable rupture force of ~200 pN, while the apo‐protein is mechanically labile. In addition, multiple rupture pathways were observed with different probabilities, indicating the importance of the EXXH‐based carboxylate‐bridged metal site. These results demonstrate carboxylate‐bridged di‐metal site is mechanically stable and improve our understanding of this important type of metalloprotein.
Psoralen induces liver injury and affects hepatic bile acids metabolism in female and male C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Chen Meng‐ying , Wang Qin , Meng Zhao‐jun , Men Wei‐jie , Huang Ju‐yang , Yu Bin , Zhou Kun
Published: February 2023

Psoralen is a major component of Fructus Psoraleae that could induce liver injury. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were administered with psoralen at doses of 80 mg/kg for 3, 7 and 14 days. Blood and liver samples were collected for serum biochemistry and histopathology examinations, respectively. Psoralen led to liver injury with significantly increased liver weight and liver coefficient and up regulated serum ALT, AST and TG but down regulated serum TC and TP. The expression of bile acid‐associated transporters and enzymes was detected by western blot, and the results showed that psoralen significantly down‐regulates the expressions of CYP7A1, CYP27A1, BSEP and OSTα protein while up‐regulates the expressions of HMGCR and FASN, resulting in the obstacles of bile acid efflux in the liver. The contents of 24 kinds of bile acids in the liver were measured by LC–MS/MS, and the results showed that psoralen led to the accumulation of unconjugated bile acids in the liver, such as ALCA and CA, which were more severe in male mice than female mice. It was indicated that psoralen may disrupt the balance of bile acid metabolism by inhibiting the expression of the efflux transporter, which then leads to liver damage.
Met Office MOGREPS‐G initialisation using an ensemble of hybrid four‐dimensional ensemble variational (En‐4DEnVar) data assimilations
Authors: Inverarity G. W. , Tennant W. J. , Anton L. , Bowler N. E. , Clayton A. M. , Jardak M. , Lorenc A. C. , Rawlins F. , Thompson S. A. , Thurlow M. S. , Walters D. N. , Wlasak M. A.
Published: February 2023

The Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System–Global (MOGREPS‐G) used an ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) to perturb its initial conditions from its operational implementation in September 2008 until December 2019. In 2019, MOGREPS‐G became the first operational atmospheric ensemble to apply hybrid four‐dimensional ensemble variational data assimilation (En‐4DEnVar) to each of the 44 perturbed ensemble members. Other enhancements have also been added, including to the inflation used to improve ensemble spread. The combined impact of these changes on ensemble forecasts is overwhelmingly positive but initially more neutral for deterministic forecasts, which also use the ensemble to represent flow‐dependent forecast errors in their hybrid data assimilation updates. The latter result is not a surprise, because the deterministic forecast's hybrid data assimilation was initially weighted more strongly to the modelled stationary covariance component and not optimised to take full advantage of the upgraded ensemble. A subsequent operational upgrade in December 2020 has introduced shifting in addition to lagging to exploit the ensemble better in the deterministic forecast's hybrid data assimilation by including ensemble members from a previous cycle and also from adjacent forecast lead times to augment the ensemble without having to run additional forecasts. More weight has since been given to the ensemble in the deterministic forecast's hybrid data assimilation in May 2022. A key motive for adopting hybrid 4DEnVar in MOGREPS‐G is to reduce maintenance overheads by virtue of sharing much of the deterministic forecast system's data assimilation code. This also enables the ensemble to assimilate almost all observation types used by the deterministic forecast. The updated system also exploits parallelism better so as to be fast enough for operational use, despite assimilating more observations and being more computationally expensive than the Met Office's ETKF.
Pneumatosis intestinalis with free air in the abdominal cavity caused by nintedanib
Authors: Sakamoto Naho , Kato Motoyasu , Ohni Toshihiko , Terayama Yuriko , Nakazawa Shun , Okamoto Shouichi , Ito Jun , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: January 2023

Key message

This is the first case confirmed the association between PI development and nintedanib by the reproducibility of PI development. In patients taking a combination treatment with corticosteroid and nintedanib, clinicians should be careful regarding the development of PI although the patient improved only after discontinuation of nintedanib treatment.
Adaptive fuzzy predefined‐time fault‐tolerant control for third‐order heterogeneous vehicular platoon systems
Authors: Zhao Yongyan , Li Yongming
Published: January 2023

This article investigates an adaptive fuzzy predefined‐time fault‐tolerant control problem for third‐order heterogeneous vehicular platoon systems (HVPS) with actuator faults. For the purpose of approximating the unknown nonlinear functions, fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used. Because the maximum acceleration changes as a result of actuator faults, a quadratic spacing strategy including fault factor is considered. A predefined‐time fault‐tolerant controller is designed to address the impact of actuator faults. The proposed method makes use of the non‐singular terminal sliding mode control (SMC) approach and predefined time stability criterion. Individual vehicle stability, string stability (SS), and traffic flow stability are all guaranteed in a predefined time. Finally, simulations illustrate the usefulness of the given results.
Physics curriculum in upper secondary schools: What leading physicists want
Authors: Žák Vojtěch , Kolář Petr
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the views of leading Czech physicists regarding a physics curriculum for upper secondary schools. This paper presents the first part of an effort to define starting points for a new physics curriculum in Czechia (subsequent phases would analyze the opinions of other scientists, education experts, and physics teachers regarding the physicists' ideas) and create a new physics textbook for upper secondary schools. The methodology was inspired especially by the objectivist grounded theory. We conducted in‐depth interviews about the upper secondary physics curriculum with 29 leading Czech physicists and identified 56 ideas (categories) that they agreed on (according to the interview analysis). Subsequently, a questionnaire was created based on these 56 ideas. Two years later, the same group of physicists were asked to express their opinions on the ideas on a 7‐point Likert scale. The new survey sought to clarify the relevance and permanence of the ideas, and the physicists' willingness to collaborate on constructing a physics curriculum for upper secondary schools. Four core categories—students, physics, context, and math—were identified through a comparison of the relevance of the ideas. Additionally, we compared the questionnaire answers of a physicist with their opinions during the interview and identified 43 ideas as permanent (in the 2‐year interval). Surprisingly, 26 of the 29 researchers in the initial study completed the subsequent questionnaire survey and 13 among these expressed their willingness to contribute to the development of a physics textbook for upper secondary schools.
Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Antioxidant Studies, and Molecular Docking of Some New 1H‐Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Kus Canan , Ozer Ezgi , Osman Hind M. , Sozudonmez Fatma , Simsek Duygu , Altanlar Nurten , Basaran Rahman , Guven Naile M. , Kocyigit Aysegul , Can‐Eke Benay
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study is to synthesize and test a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives (3 a–3 q, 4 a, 4 b) for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro using the macro dilution broth method. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using assay of Lipid peroxidation (LP) level by measuring the formation of 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 7‐Ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) activity. Only the compound 3 m demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested. The LP level of compound 3 m (5.20±0.28, 68 %) was comparable to that of standard BHT (5.68±0.22, 65 %). Compounds 3 i (11 %, 28 %) and 3 m (13 %, 32 %) are the most active compounds on microsomal EROD activity and LP levels which are better than standard caffeine (15 %) and BHT (35 %), respectively. Also compounds 3 g (20 %), and 4 b (28 %) have much better LP levels than BHT (35 %). Compound 3 m exhibited high docking energies scores comparing with reference drugs when docked with bacterial Penicillin‐Binding Protein 3 and 4, sterol 14 α‐demethylase of C. albicans and urate oxidase enzyme.
N1‐Methylthiomethylation of (8‐Aza)6‐Chloropurine with DMSO through the Pummerer Rearrangement
Authors: Wang Chenxing , Xu Jiaxi , Chen Ning
Published: February 2023

N1‐[(Methylthio)methyl] hypoxanthines and aza hypoxanthines were efficiently prepared from 6‐chloropurines/azapurines and DMSO under microwave irradiation. DMSO was employed as a readily available and atom‐economic methylthiomethylating reagent and solvent without any other activator. The mechanistic investigations demonstrate that the reaction proceeded via sequential SNAr reaction and the Pummerer rearrangement. The current protocol provides an effective strategy for the synthesis of various N1‐[(methylthio)methyl] (8‐aza)hypoxanthines.
Highly Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds and O‐Acetylation of Arylalcohols in the Presence of a Nickel Ion‐Containing 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)‐Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Seyedi Narges , Nazemi‐Nasyrmahale Leyla , Shirini Farhad , Tajik Hassan
Published: February 2023

During this study, an easy procedure is presented for the preparation of a new nickel ion‐containing DABCO based ionic liquid. The prepared reagent was characterized using FT‐IR, FESEM, EDX, XRD, ICP‐OES, TGA and DRS analyses. In continue the catalytic activity of this reagent which is formulated as [C4(DABCO)2].NiCl4 was investigated in the reduction of a variety of carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols with NaBH4. The promoting ability of this catalyst was also confirmed in the acetylation of alcohols with CH3COCl. All reactions were carried out in short times with high to excellent yields. The catalyst was also recoverable and reusable in the studied reactions.
Single‐Step Oxidation of Low‐Concentration Methane to Methanol in the Gaseous Phase Using Ceria‐Based Iridium‐Copper Catalysts
Authors: Wu Mingwei , Li Wenzhi , Zhu Chen , Wu Wenjian , Zhang Lulu , Zheng Taimin , Fu Yan , Yuan Liang
Published: February 2023

Single‐step conversion of methane to methanol in the gaseous phase is required for high value added application of methane and environmental protection, but it is challenging. Here, direct oxidation of methane to methanol under gaseous condition on iridium promoted Cu/CeO2 catalyst, prepared using a sol‐gel method, is investigated. The addition of iridium can effectively upgrade the redox properties and oxygen storage capacity due to intense metal interaction, stimulating a prominent catalytic performance for methane conversion to methanol on Cu−Ir@CeO2 catalyst. Approximately 26.2 μmol/gcat methanol yield and 68 % methanol selectivity are achieved on the trimetallic 5Cu0.5Ir@CeO2 catalyst at 550 °C in 2 h. Consequences of the analysis of XRD, SEM, HRTEM, Raman, FI‐IR and XPS demonstrate that highly‐dispersed Ir and Cu species are uniformly distributed on CeO2 surface, and partial Cu or Ir atoms replace Ce4+ in CeO2 lattice due to the metal interaction in the colloidal structure, which can impact the catalyst's electronic properties. H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and CH4 temperature‐programmed desorption (CH4‐TPD) results disclose that the unique ternary surface exhibits excellent redox properties and strong adsorption capacity for methane, which can activate the first C−H bond of methane to methyl species, and then react with OH− to form methanol. The good stability in cyclic operation is an additional attribute, rendering this type of catalyst a “front‐runner” in future catalyst development for direct methane‐to‐methanol. This composite catalyst design provides hope for developing ternary metal‐oxide catalysts for functionalization of methane.
Developing Superior Hydrophobic 3D Hierarchical Electrocatalysts Embedding Abundant Catalytic Species for High Power Density Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Zhao Dafu , Zhang Liping , Zuo Siyu , Lv Xiaowei , Zhao Meiyun , Sun Panpan , Sun Xiaohua , Liu Tianbiao Leo
Published: January 2023

It is essential but still challenging to design and construct inexpensive, highly active bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for the development of high power density zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a CoFe‐S@3D‐S‐NCNT electrocatalyst with a 3D hierarchical structure of carbon nanotubes growing on leaf‐like carbon microplates is designed and prepared through chemical vapour deposition pyrolysis of CoFe‐MOF and subsequent hydrothermal sulfurization. Its 3D hierarchical structure shows excellent hydrophobicity, which facilitates the diffusion of oxygen and thus accelerates the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetic process. Alloying and sulfurization strategies obviously enrich the catalytic species in the catalyst, including cobalt or cobalt ferroalloy sulfides, their heterojunction, core–shell structure, and S, N‐doped carbon, which simultaneously improve the ORR/OER catalytic activity with a small potential gap (ΔE = 0.71 V). Benefiting from these characteristics, the corresponding liquid ZABs show high peak power density (223 mW cm−2), superior specific capacity (815 mA h gZn−1), and excellent stability at 5 mA cm−2 for ≈900 h. The quasi‐solid‐state ZABs also exhibit a very high peak power density of 490 mW cm−2 and an excellent voltage round‐trip efficiency of more than 64%. This work highlights that simultaneous composition optimization and microstructure design of catalysts can effectively improve the performance of ZABs.
Ultrafast Charge‐Discharge Capable and Long‐Life Na3.9Mn0.95Zr0.05V(PO4)3/C Cathode Material for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhuangzhou , Cui Guijia , Zheng Qinfeng , Ren Xiangyu , Yang Qingheng , Yuan Siqi , Bao Xu , Shu Chaojiu , Zhang Yixiao , Li Linsen , He Yu‐Shi , Chen Liwei , Ma Zi‐Feng , Liao Xiao‐Zhen
Published: February 2023

Na4MnV(PO4)3/C (NMVP) has been considered an attractive cathode for sodium‐ion batteries with higher working voltage and lower cost than Na3V2(PO4)3/C. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and Jahn–Teller distortion caused by Mn3+ inhibit its practical application. In this work, the remarkable effects of Zr‐substitution on prompting electronic and Na‐ion conductivity and also structural stabilization are reported. The optimized Na3.9Mn0.95Zr0.05V(PO4)3/C sample shows ultrafast charge‐discharge capability with discharge capacities of 108.8, 103.1, 99.1, and 88.0 mAh g−1 at 0.2, 1, 20, and 50 C, respectively, which is the best result for cation substituted NMVP samples reported so far. This sample also shows excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.2% at 1 C after 500 cycles. XRD analyses confirm the introduction of Zr into the lattice structure which expands the lattice volume and facilitates the Na+ diffusion. First‐principle calculation indicates that Zr modification reduces the band gap energy and leads to increased electronic conductivity. In situ XRD analyses confirm the same structure evolution mechanism of the Zr‐modified sample as pristine NMVP, however the strong ZrO bond obviously stabilizes the structure framework that ensures long‐term cycling stability.
Coordination Engineering of Defective Cobalt–Nitrogen–Carbon Electrocatalysts with Graphene Quantum Dots for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Geng Di , Huang Yichao , Yuan Saifei , Jiang Yangyang , Ren Hao , Zhang Su , Liu Zheng , Feng Jing , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun
Published: January 2023

Developing efficient and robust metal–nitrogen–carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for the application of hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, a coordination engineering strategy is developed to improve the ORR kinetics and stability of cobalt–nitrogen–carbon (Co–N–C) electrocatalysts by grafting the oxygen‐rich graphene quantum dots (GQDs) onto the zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) precursors. The optimized oxygen‐rich GQDs‐functionalized Co–N–C (G‐CoNOC) electrocatalyst demonstrates an increased mass activity, nearly two times higher than that of pristine defective Co–N–C electrocatalyst, and retains a stability of 90.0% after 200 h, even superior to the commercial Pt/C. Comprehensive investigations demonstrate that the GQDs coordination can not only decrease carbon defects of Co–N–C electrocatalysts, improving the electron transfer efficiency and resistance to the destructive free radicals from H2O2, but also optimize the electronic structure of atomic Co active site to achieve a desired adsorption energy of OOH−, leading to enhanced ORR kinetics and stability by promoting further H2O2 reduction, as confirmed by theoretical calculations and experimental results. Such a coordination engineering strategy provides a new perspective for the development of highly active noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR.
Tailoring a Minimal Self‐Replicate DNA Circuit for Highly Efficient Intracellular Imaging of microRNA
Authors: Wei Jie , Yu Mengdi , Tan Kaiyue , Shang Jinhua , He Shizhen , Xie Chenxia , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan
Published: January 2023

Trace analyte detection in complex intracellular environment requires the development of simple yet robust self‐sufficient molecular circuits with high signal‐gain and anti‐interference features. Herein, a minimal non‐enzymatic self‐replicate DNA circuitry (SDC) system is proposed with high‐signal‐gain for highly efficient biosensing in living cells. It is facilely engineered through the self‐stacking of only one elementary cascade hybridization reaction (CHR), thus is encoding with more economic yet effective amplification pathways and reactants. Trigger (T) stimulates the activation of CHR for producing numerous T replica that reversely motivate new CHR reaction cycles, thus achieving the successive self‐replication of CHR system with an exponentially magnified readout signal. The intrinsic self‐replicate circuity design and the self‐accelerated reaction format of SDC system is experimentally demonstrated and theoretically simulated. With simple circuitry configuration and low reactant complexity, the SDC amplifier enables the high‐contrast and accurate visualization of microRNA (miRNA), ascribing to its robust molecular recognition and self‐sufficient signal amplification, thus offering a promising strategy for monitoring these clinically significant analytes.
Reduced VOC Deficit of Mixed Lead–Tin Perovskite Solar Cells via Strain‐Releasing and Synergistic Passivation Additives
Authors: Chen Wentao , Huang Yuqiong , Cui Hong , Li Sihan , Feng Yaqing , Zhang Bao
Published: January 2023

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin–lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is normally lower than that of Pb cells, mainly due to greater open circuit voltage (VOC) losses. Herein, the additive 2,6‐diaminopyridine (TNPD) is designed to anchor on the surface of the perovskite precursor colloid as nucleating agent to modulate the growth of Pb–Sn perovskites. It is observed that the TNPD not only effectively induces crystal growth during the nucleation stage, remaining on the crystal surface and ultimately passivating the resulting perovskite films, but also releases the micro‐strain generated during the film growth. Furthermore, TNPD could lower the defect density (Sn4+ amount) by screening the perovskite against oxygen and by synergistically bonding with undercoordinated Sn/Pb on the surface. Finally, a high VOC of 0.85 V is obtained, corresponding to a voltage deficit of 0.41 V using a perovskite absorber with a bandgap of 1.26 eV, and a high PCE (20.35%) reported so far for Pb–Sn PSCs. Moreover, the stability of the TNPD‐incorporated device is significantly improved, and the PCE maintains 50% of the initial value after about 1000 h storage in glovebox without encapsulated, in comparison to that of the control device (about 700 h, maintaining 30% of the initial value).
Analysis of the 1 Year Outdoor Performance of Quantum Dot Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: de Bruin Thomas A , Terricabres-Polo Raimon , Kaul Annanta , Zawacka Natalia K. , Prins P. Tim , Gietema Thomas F. J. , de Waal Anne C. , de Boer Dick K. G. , Vanmaekelbergh Daniel A. M. , Leblans Paul , Verkuilen Stijn , Hens Zeger , de Mello Donega Celso , van Sark Wilfried G. J. H. M.
Published: February 2023

Three quantum dot luminescent solar concentrators (QDLSCs) are constructed to assess their performance in an outdoor environment over an entire year. The QDLSCs have a PMMA‐Kraton‐PMMA sandwich structure with either InP/ZnSe/ZnS, , or CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots incorporated in the Kraton interlayer. Furthermore, two reference LSCs are included: one using Lumogen F Red 305 as the luminophore and one without a luminophore in the Kraton layer. The power conversion efficiency is assessed for a cloudy and a sunny day, showing the influence of diffuse and direct irradiance. Moreover, the influence of mounting orientation and direct irradiance is analyzed for individual solar strips attached to the sides. Long‐term results show an efficiency increase of and InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDLSC while the CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDLSCs and the Lumogen LSC show a pronounced drop in efficiency in the first 3 months. Photodegradation studies under continuous white light exposure for 420 h are performed on smaller pieces cut from the QDLSCs before their assembly outdoors and show similar trends to those observed in the 1 year outdoor study. Future research will focus on the postmortem analysis of the QDLSCs and increasing the efficiencies.
The effects of environmental and biological factors on the length of Atlantic Salmon age-1+ parr in three Maine drainages
Authors: Ryan Athena , Kocik John F. , Atkinson Ernest J. , Furey Nathan B.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in the United States have been the focus of recovery efforts for over 150 years, but long-term analyses of juvenile demographics are limited. We examined how parr size (fork length [FL]) varied across three Maine drainages (East Machias, Narraguagus, and Sheepscot rivers) during 1980–2014 and was affected by habitat and biological variables using a long-term electrofishing data set.

Methods

We fitted generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to determine how parr FL varied with explanatory variables, including mean summer air temperature, elevation, mean channel width, juvenile salmon density, age-0 parr stocked, a metric for the number of effective fry stocked, and year. When examining model-averaged GAMM results, we found that parr size varied throughout the 34-year time period across the three drainages.

Result

Between 1980 and 2014, parr FL in the Sheepscot River drainage (mean = 143.9 mm) steadily increased (~5-mm increase). Parr FL in the Narraguagus River drainage (mean = 124.4 mm) declined from 1980 to about 2005 and then increased from 2006 to 2014. Parr FL in the East Machias River drainage (mean = 127.7 mm) experienced a decrease of approximately 10 mm during the study period. Density dependence was evident across drainages, suggesting that habitats were at capacity or that parr were experiencing competition. Given that the production of parr in Maine is highly reliant on stock enhancement, localized high stocking densities may limit parr growth without further restoration or habitat improvements. Stocking intensities generally decreased in all three drainages after 2000, possibly relaxing density dependence and partially explaining the plateau or increase in FL during recent years in the Sheepscot and Narraguagus rivers. Relationships between FL and summer air temperature were drainage specific, while wide channels and lower elevations were consistently associated with larger parr.

Conclusion

Given our results, management should continue to prioritize habitat improvements to improve local carrying capacity and potentially reduce density-dependent growth so as to increase stock enhancement efficacy within an adaptive management framework at the southern edge of the Atlantic Salmon's range.
L2 Investment and Techno‐Reflective Narrative Interviews
Authors: Zhang Yue
Published: February 2023

English medium instruction (EMI) can become pantomime in the context of higher education, and such non‐participation can be shaped and explained by learners' refusing to invest in the English learning practices while performing their learner/speaker/user identities. Taking a Bourdieusian stance on this issue, the study discusses techno‐reflective narrative interviews (TRNI) as a retrospective framing tool for investigating L2 learners' English investment by showcasing a tertiary TRNI exemplar and examining the extent to which TRNIs help to (1) investigate how students negotiate and perform multiple and constantly contradictory linguistic, cultural, and role identities; (2) provide a reflective account of students' critical genre and literacy awareness while finishing various tasks; and (3) empower the students by amplifying their voices and positioning and unfold their struggle with ideological notions of English ownership.
Introduction
Authors: Triyanti Annisa , Indrawan Mochamad , Nurhidayah Laely , Marfai Muh Aris
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries with the fastest-growing economies in Asia and one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world. With ecosystems ranging from terrestrial to marine and teemed with unique life forms, Indonesia is rich in natural resources. Unfortunately, Indonesia also suffers from overexploitation and environmental threats exacerbated by climate and human pressures. Along with the growing global ambitions for achieving sustainable development and increasing its capacity to adapt to climate change and extreme events, Indonesia is also increasing its commitments to balance development while safeguarding environmental and social sustainability. However, challenges remain, especially on how to effectively govern the responses to environmental issues. Against this background, this book will present state-of-the-art environmental governance research and practices in Indonesia. It offers a wide scope, covering different themes and sectors (e.g., climate change, disaster risk, forestry, mining, etc.), diverse physical and societal landscapes (e.g., urban, rural, deltas, coastal areas, etc.), and multiscalar perspectives (from national to local level). This book has the ambition to incorporate more knowledge to indicate research gaps and future directions for environmental governance research. Our intention is also to reflect a vision to make the national and global environmental governance research agenda to be more diverse, inclusive, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary. We hope that this book will be useful for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the field of environmental governance, especially in Indonesia as a megadiversity country that encompasses the world’s largest archipelago.
Describing Qatar
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes the state of Qatar in terms of different geographical and demographic characteristics. This was done because the authors believe that an in-depth understanding of nation branding and soft power in Qatar would be possible when a good understanding of different political, geographical, and demographic issues related to the country is obtained. Moreover, this chapter describes the key pillars of Qatar Vision 2030 as the government’s major plan for country development in different domains such as economy and humanitarian issues.
Die Lehr-Lern-Interaktion
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Das Bildungssystem, darunter insbesondere Schulen und Hochschulen, übernimmt nach Fend (2009) vier gesellschaftliche Funktionen.
Studie 4 – Lernendenerwartungen als Einfluss auf die Lehr-Lern-Situation
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Die vierte Studie wurde in Lehrveranstaltungen einer Hochschule durchgeführt, an der sowohl Studierende als auch Dozierende teilnahmen. Eine geplante Untersuchung in allgemeinbildenden Schulen, um Ergebnisse im schulischen und universitären Kontext vergleichen zu können, konnte leider nicht realisiert werden. Die Studie wurde aufgrund der geplanten zeitlich parallelen Erhebungen in Schulen und Universität so angelegt, dass sie auch mit Jugendlichen im Schulkontext hätte durchgeführt werden können.
Erwartungen und Erwartungseffekte
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Erwartungen werden im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch als eine vorausschauende Vermutung, Annahme oder Hoffnung beschrieben (Duden, o. J.). Unter Erwartungen in (motivations-)psychologischen Theorien wird „[…] die wahrgenommene Chance, dass sich aus einer Situation ein bestimmter Zielzustand ergibt“ erstanden. Allgemeiner formuliert es Rudolph (2009, S. 21): „Eine Erwartung ist die subjektive Vorwegnahme eines Ereignisses […].“
Design-Prinzipien und Umsetzung personalisierter Assistenzsysteme unter Berücksichtigung des Datenschutzes
Authors: Hoebertz Mark , Voß Marleen , Pöppelbuß Jens , Bosak Olga , Mohsenzadeh Felix , Schnebbe Maximilian , Eisenbeiß Maik , Buchner Benedikt , Greve Andreas , Schomburg Frank , Lorenz Andreas , Wegge Andreas , Schönecker Ann-Marie , Saeidi Wassim
Published: January 2023

Digitale Assistenzsysteme stellen Beschäftigten aufgabenbezogene Informationen in ihren Arbeitsprozessen über tragbare Endgeräte wie beispielsweise Datenbrillen bereit. Durch eine Personalisierung können diese Systeme dazu befähigt werden, sich an den individuellen Arbeitsfortschritt und Wissensstand der Beschäftigten anzupassen. Die technischen Komponenten eines Assistenzsystems stellen hierzu dann nicht nur die Assistenz bereit, sondern sammeln auch personenbezogene Daten, um die Personalisierung zu ermöglichen. Die Personalisierung erfordert jedoch auch einen adäquaten Umgang mit diesen sensiblen Daten, um die Akzeptanz der Assistenzsysteme durch die Beschäftigten sowie einen rechtskonformen Einsatz der Assistenzsysteme überhaupt zu gewährleisten. Um die Akzeptanz und Rechtskonformität sicherzustellen, wurden im PersonA-Projekt insgesamt 19 Design-Prinzipien entwickelt und evaluiert, die bei der Entwicklung von personalisierten Assistenzsystemen in Produktion und Service berücksichtigt werden sollten. Diese gliedern sich in Design-Prinzipien zu generellen Funktionen von Assistenzsystemen, zur Personalisierung von Assistenzsystemen und zur Datenerhebung und -verwendung von Assistenzsystemen. Ausgehend von diesen Design-Prinzipien wurden Funktionen für ein Privatsphäre-Management für das bestehende Lösungsportfolio von TeamViewer Germany GmbH entwickelt und in Pilotprojekten bei den Anwendungspartnern Kemper GmbH und WS System GmbH zum Einsatz gebracht. Vorher-Nachher-Betrachtungen der Prozesse und Kennzahlen bei den Anwendungspartnern zeigen bemerkenswerte Verbesserungen. Darüber hinaus wurden organisationskulturelle Aspekte bei der Einführung und Nutzung der technischen Lösungen bei den Anwendungspartnern durch die nextpractice GmbH untersucht. Aus den Pilotprojekten ergaben sich praktische Handlungsempfehlungen, die auch für weitere Unternehmen eine Orientierung für ihre eigenen Projekte zur Einführung von personalisierten Assistenzsystemen bieten können.
Holography and magnetohydrodynamics with dynamical gauge fields
Authors: Ahn Yong jun , Baggioli Matteo , Huh Kyoung-Bum , Jeong Hyun-Sik , Kim Keun-Young , Sun Ya-Wen
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Within the framework of holography, the Einstein-Maxwell action with Dirichlet boundary conditions corresponds to a dual conformal field theory in presence of an external gauge field. Nevertheless, in many real-world applications, e.g., magnetohydrodynamics, plasma physics, superconductors, etc. dynamical gauge fields and Coulomb interactions are fundamental. In this work, we consider bottom-up holographic models at finite magnetic field and (free) charge density in presence of dynamical boundary gauge fields which are introduced using mixed boundary conditions. We numerically study the spectrum of the lowest quasi-normal modes and successfully compare the obtained results to magnetohydrodynamics theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. Surprisingly, as far as the electromagnetic coupling is small enough, we find perfect agreement even in the large magnetic field limit. Our results prove that a holographic description of magnetohydrodynamics does not necessarily need higher-form bulk fields but can be consistently derived using mixed boundary conditions for standard gauge fields.
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell epitopes
Authors: Brand Marina , Keşmir Can
Published: January 2023

Vaccination clearly decreases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality; however, they also impose selection pressure on the virus, which promotes the evolution of immune escape variants. For example, despite the high vaccination level in especially Western countries, the Omicron variant caused millions of breakthrough infections, suggesting that the highly mutated spike protein in the Omicron variant can escape antibody immunity much more efficiently than the other variants of concern (VOCs). In this study, we investigated the resistance/susceptibility of T helper cell responses that are necessary for generating efficient long-lasting antibody immunity, in several VOCs. By predicting T helper cell epitopes on the spike protein for most common HLA-DRB1 alleles worldwide, we found that although most of high frequency HLA-DRB1 alleles have several potential T helper cell epitopes, few alleles like HLA-DRB1 13:01 and 11:01 are not predicted to have any significant T helper cell responses after vaccination. Using these predictions, a population based on realistic human leukocyte antigen-II (HLA-II) frequencies were simulated to visualize the T helper cell immunity on the population level. While a small fraction of this population had alarmingly little predicted CD4 T cell epitopes, the majority had several epitopes that should be enough to generate efficient B cell responses. Moreover, we show that VOC spike mutations hardly affect T helper epitopes and mainly occur in other residues of the spike protein. These results suggest that lack of long-lasting antibody responses is not likely due to loss of T helper cell epitopes in new VOCs.
Estimation of differential renal function on routine abdominal imaging employing compressed-sensed contrast-enhanced MR: a feasibility study referenced against dynamic renal scintigraphy in patients with deteriorating renal retention parameters
Authors: Schulze-Zachau Victor , Winkel David J. , Kaul Felix , Demerath Theo , Potthast Silke , Heye Tobias J. , Boll Daniel T.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To assess whether high temporal/spatial resolution GRASP MRI acquired during routine clinical imaging can identify several degrees of renal function impairment referenced against renal dynamic scintigraphy.

Methods

This retrospective study consists of method development and method verification parts. During method development, patients subject to renal imaging using gadoterate meglumine and GRASP post-contrast MRI technique (TR/TE 3.3/1.6 ms; FoV320 × 320 mm; FA12°; Voxel1.1 × 1.1x2.5 mm) were matched into four equally-sized renal function groups (no-mild-moderate-severe impairment) according to their laboratory-determined estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR); 60|120 patients|kidneys were included. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were placed on cortices, medullary pyramids and collecting systems of bilateral kidneys. Cortical perfusion, tubular concentration and collecting system excretion were determined as TimeCortex=Pyramid(sec), SlopeTubuli (sec−1), and TimeCollecting System (sec), respectively, and were measured by a combination of extraction of time intensity curves and respective quantitative parameters. For method verification, patients subject to GRASP MRI and renal dynamic scintigraphy (99mTc-MAG3, 100 MBq/patient) were matched into three renal function groups (no-mild/moderate-severe impairment). Split renal function parameters post 1.5–2.5 min as well as MAG3 TER were correlated with time intensity parameters retrieved using GRASP technique; 15|30 patients|kidneys were included.

Results

Method development showed differing values for TimeCortex=Pyramid(71|75|93|122 s), SlopeTubuli(2.6|2.1|1.3|0.5 s−1) and TimeCollecting System(90|111|129|139 s) for the four renal function groups with partial significant tendencies (several p-values <  0.001). In method verification, 29/30 kidneys (96.7%) were assigned to the correct renal function group.

Conclusion

High temporal and spatial resolution GRASP MR imaging allows to identify several degrees of renal function impairment using routine clinical imaging with a high degree of accuracy.
Predictors of Increased Fragility Index Scores in Surgical Randomized Controlled Trials: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Vivekanantha Prushoth , Shah Ajay , Hoit Graeme , Ayeni Olufemi , Whelan Daniel
Published: January 2023

Background

The fragility index (FI) is defined as the minimum number of patients or subjects needed to switch experimental groups for statistical significance to be lost in a randomized control trial (RCT). This index is used to determine the robustness of a study's findings and recently as a measure of evaluating RCT quality. The objective of this review was to identify and describe published systematic reviews utilizing FI to evaluate surgical RCTs and to determine if there were common factors associated with higher FI values.

Methods

Three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase) were searched, followed by a subsequent abstract/title and full‐text screening to yield 50 reviews of surgical RCTs. Authors, year of publication, name of journal, study design, number of RCTs, subspecialty, sample size, median FI, patients lost to follow‐up, and associations between variables and FI scores were collected.

Results

Among 1007 of 2214 RCTs in 50 reviews reporting FI (median sample size 100), the pooled median FI was 3 (IQR: 1–7). Most reviews investigated orthopaedic surgery RCTs (n = 32). There was a moderate correlation between FI and p value (r = 0.‐413), a mild correlation between FI and sample size (r = 0.188), and a mild correlation between FI and event number (r = 0.129).

Conclusion

Based on a limited sample of systematic reviews, surgical RCT FI values are still low (2–5). Future RCTs in surgery require improvement to study design in order to increase the robustness of statistically significant findings.
Feasibility study of direct CT lymphangiography in mice: comparison with interstitial CT/MR lymphangiography
Authors: Sugawara Haruto , Furuta Toshihiro , Sumiyoshi Akira , Iiyama Megumi , Kamitani Masaru , Suzuki Aiko , Murakami Arao , Abe Osamu , Aoki Ichio , Akai Hiroyuki
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To establish a CT lymphangiography method in mice via direct lymph node puncture.

Methods

We injected healthy mice (n = 8) with 50 µl of water-soluble iodine contrast agent (iomeprol; iodine concentration, 350 mg/mL) subcutaneously into the left-rear foot pad (interstitial injection) and 20 µl of the same contrast agent directly into the popliteal lymph node (direct puncture) 2 days later. Additionally, we performed interstitial MR lymphangiography on eight mice as a control group. We calculated the contrast ratio for each lymph node and visually assessed the depiction of lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels on a three-point scale.

Results

The contrast ratios of 2-min post-injection images of sacral and lumbar–aortic lymph nodes were 20.7 ± 16.6 (average ± standard deviation) and 17.1 ± 12.0 in the direct puncture group, which were significantly higher than those detected in the CT or MR interstitial lymphangiography groups (average, 1.8–3.6; p = 0.008–0.019). The visual assessment scores for sacral lymph nodes, lumbar–aortic lymph nodes, and cisterna chyli were significantly better in the direct puncture group than in the CT interstitial injection group (p = 0.036, 0.009 and 0.001, respectively). The lymphatic vessels between these structures were significantly better scored in direct puncture group than in the CT or MR interstitial lymphangiography groups at 2 min after injection (all p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

In CT lymphangiography in mice, the direct lymph node puncture provides a better delineation of the lymphatic pathways than the CT/MR interstitial injection method.

Key Points

•The contrast ratios of 2-min post-injection images in the direct CT lymphangiography group were significantly higher than those of CT/MR interstitial lymphangiography groups.

•The visibility of lymphatic vessels in subjective analysis in the direct CT lymphangiography group was significantly better in the direct puncture group than in the CT/MR interstitial lymphangiography groups.

•CT lymphangiography with direct lymph node puncture can provide excellent lymphatic delineation with contrast being maximum at 2 min after injection.
Perspective on ultrashort pulse laser micromachining
Authors: Tünnermann Andreas , Momma Carsten , Nolte Stefan
Published: January 2023

Ultrashort pulse lasers have found widespread applications in precise micromachining. Here, we present our brief perspective on the development of this innovative technology from the 1990s until today.