bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sotu.com
Authors: Chouaib Afef
Published: April 2021

Digital transformation is inevitably an economic and societal issue for all companies, whatever their size or their activity. Aware of the potential and performance capacity delivered by digital, SOTU. com, a public company working in the information and communication technology sector, has started its digital transformation process. The newly arrived HR director at SOTU.com has worked closely with the information systems department to automate HR processes. Although she worked with her HR team on the communication and mobilization of employees component in the appropriation of new digital tools, forms of resistance and attitudes of dissatisfaction persist. What are the challenges of digital transformation for SOTU.com  ? Why have the efforts of HRD not resulted in real acceptance of digital tools by employees ? How can HRD com-pensate for these shortcomings ? What role (s) would HRD play in driving and supporting digital transformation within Sotu.com  ?
Van Laack Tunisie
Authors: Ben Dahmane Mouelhi Norchène , Khlif Fakhfekh Fatma , Dahmen Mehdi
Published: April 2021

The consideration of the human and his energy is a form of Sincere Corporate Responsibility (SNCR). This concept is adopted by a Tunisian subsidiary of the German multinational group Van Laack. Aware of the impact of the improvement of the environment and working conditions on the employee, this management has allowed a pleasant and positive working atmosphere and a sense well-being on the part of the employees. It’s reduce the social malaise, and maximize the employees’s potential and improve the company’s performance. In this case study, the objective is to understand this approach and to learn lessons that could applied to other business cases.
Multi-agent systems for quadcopters
Authors: Carney Richard , Chyba Monique , Gray Chris , Wilkens George , Shanbrom Corey
Published: April 2021

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been increasingly used in the context of remote sensing missions such as target search and tracking, mapping, or surveillance monitoring. In the first part of our paper we consider agent dynamics, network topologies, and collective behaviors. The objective is to enable multiple UAVs to collaborate toward a common goal, as one would find in a remote sensing setting. An agreement protocol is carried out by the multi-agents using local information, and without external user input. The second part of the paper focuses on the equations of motion for a specific type of UAV, the quadcopter, and expresses them as an affine nonlinear control system. Finally, we illustrate our work with a simulation of an agreement protocol for dynamically sound quadcopters augmenting the particle graph theoretic approach with orientation and a proper dynamics for quadcopters.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Organizational Resilience in Hospitality Family Firms
Authors: Schwaiger Katrin Magdalena , Zehrer Anita
Published: April 2021

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a pandemic of COVID-19. The family-owned hospitality industry in the Tirol has been affected by governmental measures and travel bans in particular. The current study focuses on hospitality family business owners as the backbone of the regional tourism industry. Their dealing with the crisis and their perception of their own organizational resilience is explored. It uses a qualitative exploratory approach with semi-structured interviews to answer the research question. The most surprising result of the interviews was the optimistic state of mind visible among entrepreneurs. In this study, a better understanding of the tourism industry's dealing with a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic is created.
Design, Development, and Implementation of an E-Learning Course
Authors: Ramahi Refa Jamal
Published: April 2021

The researcher implemented an e-learning course at the Faculty of Education in Birzeit University that had been designed and developed years earlier. The researcher's experience as an assistant professor in curriculum and instruction within this university represents a valuable asset which has enabled her to present this research effectively by demonstrating how technological innovation changes the way that universities teach and students learn. The implementation of an e-learning approach within the educational psychology course as a pilot study utilized qualitative methods to investigate the perceptions of students regarding the quality of online education, based on their own online learning experiences. Interviews were conducted with five students. Various digital documents were collected. Positive and negative experiences of students were examined. Factors that contribute to those experiences were also identified.
Multi-Process Analysis and Portfolio Optimization Based on Quantum Mechanics (QM) Under Risk Management in ASEAN Exchanges
Authors: Chaiboonsri Chukiat , Wannapan Satawat
Published: April 2021

This research attempts to classify, predict, and manage the financial time-series trends of the large stock prices of significant companies in the development of e-commerce and e-business in the ASEAN countries. Moreover, the Markowitz portfolio optimization analysis based on quantum mechanics was utilized to find out the direction of e-commerce and e-business in the future. Data collection for this study consists of Maybank, PPB Group Berhad, Golden Agri-Resource, SingTel, and Global Logistic Properties. And the stock prices of those companies were carried out to this study from 2004 to 2018 by daily data. Interestingly, the empirical results would provide a possible solution and efficiently suggest a beneficial for the development of both e-commerce and e-business in the ASEAN countries. The commerce and business based on electronics in ASEAN, especially agribusiness, energy business, and telecommunication business, still play a major important role in the economy of ASEAN countries.
One Pot Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Piper Betle Leaf Extract and their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Bar Harekrishna
Published: April 2021

Gold nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Piper betle In this extracellular synthesis, after exposing of metal ions to betel leaf extract, reduction leads into their metallic state and these are stabilized by the biomolecules present in leaf extract, where extract are being used as both reducing as well as stabilizing agents at ambient condition. Gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles are characterized by UV-Vis, FESEM, HRTEM and XRD measurements. Synthesized gold nanoparticles are mostly spherical in shape with diameter ~ 30-50 nm. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized nanoparticles are investigated against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus thuringiensis) bacteria using the disc diffusion method. AuNPs show inhibition activity against P. aeruginosa andE. coli respectively nearly equivalent to the commercially available antibacterial drug e.g. Norfloxacin (Nx). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) results indicate that 36 μg/mL gold nanoparticles inhibit the growth of E. coli cells.
Nanoparticles Displaying Allergen and Siglec-8 Ligands Suppress IgE-FcεRI–Mediated Anaphylaxis and Desensitize Mast Cells to Subsequent Antigen Challenge
Authors: Duan Shiteng , Arlian Britni M. , Nycholat Corwin M. , Wei Yadong , Tateno Hiroaki , Smith Scott A. , Macauley Matthew S. , Zhu Zhou , Bochner Bruce S. , Paulson James C.
Published: April 2021

Siglec-8 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on eosinophils and mast cells. In this study, we took advantage of a novel Siglec-8 transgenic mouse model to assess the impact of modulating IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis using a liposomal platform to display an allergen with or without a synthetic glycan ligand for Siglec-8 (Sig8L). The hypothesis is that recruitment of Siglec-8 to the IgE–FcεRI receptor complex will inhibit allergen-induced mast cell degranulation. Codisplay of both allergen and Sig8L on liposomes profoundly suppresses IgE-mediated degranulation of mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells or rat basophilic leukemia cells expressing Siglec-8. In contrast, liposomes displaying only Sig8L have no significant suppression of antigenic liposome-induced degranulation, demonstrating that the inhibitory activity by Siglec-8 occurs only when Ag and Sig8L are on the same particle. In mouse models of anaphylaxis, display of Sig8L on antigenic liposomes completely suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in transgenic mice with mast cells expressing Siglec-8 but has no protection in mice that do not express Siglec-8. Furthermore, mice protected from anaphylaxis remain desensitized to subsequent allergen challenge because of loss of Ag-specific IgE from the cell surface and accelerated clearance of IgE from the blood. Thus, although expression of human Siglec-8 on murine mast cells does not by itself modulate IgE-FcεRI–mediated cell activation, the enforced recruitment of Siglec-8 to the FcεRI receptor by Sig8L-decorated antigenic liposomes results in inhibition of degranulation and desensitization to subsequent Ag exposure.
Genome-Wide B Cell, CD4+, and CD8+ T Cell Epitopes That Are Highly Conserved between Human and Animal Coronaviruses, Identified from SARS-CoV-2 as Targets for Preemptive Pan-Coronavirus Vaccines
Authors: Prakash Swayam , Srivastava Ruchi , Coulon Pierre-Gregoire , Dhanushkodi Nisha R. , Chentoufi Aziz A. , Tifrea Delia F. , Edwards Robert A. , Figueroa Cesar J. , Schubl Sebastian D. , Hsieh Lanny , Buchmeier Michael J. , Bouziane Mohammed , Nesburn Anthony B. , Kuppermann Baruch D. , BenMohamed Lbachir
Published: April 2021

Over the last two decades, there have been three deadly human outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs) caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the current COVID-19 global pandemic. All three deadly CoVs originated from bats and transmitted to humans via various intermediate animal reservoirs. It remains highly possible that other global COVID pandemics will emerge in the coming years caused by yet another spillover of a bat-derived SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) into humans. Determining the Ag and the human B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitope landscapes that are conserved among human and animal coronaviruses should inform in the development of future pan-coronavirus vaccines. In the current study, using several immunoinformatics and sequence alignment approaches, we identified several human B cell and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes that are highly conserved in 1) greater than 81,000 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences identified in 190 countries on six continents; 2) six circulating CoVs that caused previous human outbreaks of the common cold; 3) nine SL-CoVs isolated from bats; 4) nine SL-CoV isolated from pangolins; 5) three SL-CoVs isolated from civet cats; and 6) four MERS strains isolated from camels. Furthermore, the identified epitopes: 1) recalled B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from both COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals who were never exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and 2) induced strong B cell and T cell responses in humanized HLA-DR1/HLA-A*02:01 double-transgenic mice. The findings pave the way to develop a preemptive multiepitope pan-coronavirus vaccine to protect against past, current, and future outbreaks.
Students’ knowledge and views on pharmacogenomic education in the medical curriculum
Authors: Agrawal Manju , Kirtania Lopamudra , Jha Anuja , Hishikar Rajesh
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Pharmacogenomics is a growing field of science that explores the genetic contributions in an individual's response to the drug, so as to choose the right drug in the right doses tailored to a patient's genetic makeup. Although pharmacogenomics information is incorporated in chapters discussing relevant drugs, it has not been materialized into clinical practice. Further more it remains a challenge due to limited knowledge and accessibility of the pharmacogenomic tests to diagnose these polymorphisms. With this background, the objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of pharmacogenomics among second-year MBBS students and to sensitize them regarding pharmacogenomics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was done in which 138 medical students responded to a preformed semi-structured assessment tool. It comprised two main components (1) knowledge and (2) relevance of pharmacogenomics in medical education and clinical practice.

RESULTS:

Ninety-five percent students defined pharmacogenomics correctly, but only 54% were aware of genetic variations in drug targets, metabolizing enzymes, and transporters affecting drug therapy. Only 15% knew about the availability of pharmacogenomics tests in India. Eighty-four percent of students felt that incorporating pharmacogenomics education in the MBBS curriculum is a must for precision medicine.

CONCLUSION:

Second-year MBBS students had good knowledge of pharmacogenomics, but knowledge about the application in clinical practice and interpretation of pharmacogenomics was limited. Therefore, we recommend (1) basic pharmacogenomic education at all levels of medical curricula, (2) development of case-based knowledge application modules, (3) regular continuing medical education to update about available screening tools/biomarkers, and (4) patient and public awareness programs so that they receive personalized/precision medicine with optimum efficacy and reduced side effects and health-care costs.
Cattle-Related Trauma
Authors: Rhind John-Henry , Quinn Dominic , Cosbey Lucy , Mobley Douglas , Britton Ingrid , Lim Justin
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Bovine injuries are a common and significant cause of trauma, often requiring admission and operative treatment. We review all bovine-related injuries over 5 years, both emergency and general practitioner (GP) referrals at an adult major trauma center in England.

Methods:

Retrospective evaluation was undertaken using the keywords through radiology referrals and hospital admissions speciality databases. By searching patient notes, demographics were collected as well as the mechanism and the situation of injury; trauma scores were calculated using: injury severity score (ISS) and probability of survival (Ps19). The results were divided into emergency patients and GP referrals.

Results:

Sixty-seven patients were identified retrospectively over 5 years, 44 emergency patients (including 23 major traumas), and 23 GP referrals. Combined (emergency and GP) mean age 52 years old; 67% male; and mean ISS 11. Most common combined mechanism of injury, kicked (n = 23). In emergency patients, trampling injuries were the most common. Eighty-six percent of the trampled patients were major traumas and associated with increased ISS (mean 13). Indirect injuries mainly involved farm gates (92%). Seventy-three percent of bull-related injuries were major traumas and had increased ISS scores (mean 17). Orthopaedics was the most common admitting speciality followed by cardiothoracic and neurosurgery. In emergency patients, fractures were the most common primary injury (n = 20), upper limb followed by spine. In GP, soft-tissue injuries were the most common primary injury. Seventy percent of the emergency referrals required admission and 50% operations. Fracture fixation was the most common operative procedure. Only, one GP referral required an operation. There were significant delays in GP patients presenting. Two patients had a Ps19 score <90. There were two mortalities.

Conclusion:

Cattle-related injuries are a significant cause of severe morbidity and mortality. They are under-reported. Patterns of injury are similar to high-velocity road traffic collisions and bull-related injuries or trampling in particular, should alert the clinician to more significant trauma. Farm gates are a frequent cause of trauma associated with cattle. GP referrals with ongoing symptoms for more than 2 weeks seeking medical advice should alert the clinician to a more serious diagnosis.
Determination of risk factors and cumulative effects of the maternal and neonatal risk factors in relation to preterm labor
Authors: Tavoli Zahra , Tajdar Ali , Kheiltash Azita , Rabie Maryam
Published: April 2021

Background:

Preterm labor is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality this study aimed to determine single and combined effects of all risk factors in relation to preterm labor.

Methods:

This was a case-control study that included patients from a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Women who came to this hospital for delivery were divided into two groups: 200 in preterm delivery (before 37 weeks) and 195 in term delivery (after 37 weeks).

Results:

In all 409 pregnant women were delivered. 217 were preterm (group A) and 192 were term (group B). The mean age of mothers in group A was 30.04 ± 5.74 and the mean age of mothers in group B was 27.28 ± 5.90 (P < 0.001). The risk of preterm labor was 4.22 higher in mother with any risk factor before or during pregnancy (P < 0.001), it was 3.67 higher in mother with complication of pregnancy (P < 0.001) and it was 3.40 higher in neonate with any complication (P = 0.002) compared to mother without any risk factors. For each mother, we calculated risk score for preterm labor by counting the number of risk factors. The risk of preterm labor was significantly higher in mother with risk factors compared to those without any risk factors (P for trend = 0. 002). Mother with two risk factors had a 5.60 (P = 0.01) and mother with three or more risk factors had a 23.48 (P = 0. 001) times higher risk for preterm labor than those who did not have any risk factors.

Conclusion:

The screening and identification of mothers with risk factors for preterm delivery can increasing mother's attention and participation to better manage of these condition to have more safe pregnancy period.
A prospective study to evaluate antimicrobial prescribing pattern among admitted patients in hilly Himalayan region of northern India
Authors: Ravi Gandham , Chikara Gaurav , Bandyopadhyay Arkapal , Handu Shailendra
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim:

Global scenario of antimicrobial (AM) utilization depicts 20–50% inappropriateness. Majority of the hospital admissions are due to unwanted effects because of non-judicial usage of these drugs. The present study focuses on utilization pattern of antimicrobials (AMs) in a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year in seven departments of a tertiary care hospital in hilly Himalayan region. Aim of the study was to analyze the AM utilization pattern using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators and instruments.

Results:

A total 700 prescriptions were analyzed in the present study. Injectable antibiotics (71%) followed by oral (29%) were most commonly prescribed. Beta lactams (79%) were the most frequently used antibiotic class. Most commonly prescribed AM was Ceftriaxone (30%). Majority of the time AMs were given empirically (44.8%), where most common indication was respiratory infections (42%). Culture and sensitivity tests were done for guiding curative therapy in 34.71% cases. The average duration of patient hospital stay was 8.81 days in the study population. The mean duration of prescribed antimicrobial treatment was 5.12 days. On an average 1.93 AMs were prescribed per patient. AMs were prescribed by International nonproprietary name (INN) in 62.19% of the admissions. The most common AM related adverse drug reaction was gastritis (96%) and skin rash (4%) with Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid being the most common causative agent. Total antimicrobial consumption was 148.24 DDD/100 bed days with Medicine department showing the highest consumption (36.25/100 bed days).

Conclusion:

The present study is the first and largest antimicrobial utilization study in the hilly Himalayan region of northern India. Our study found an urgent need for improvement of prescribing patterns, patient care indicators and strict adherence to standard guidelines.
Effects of COVID–19 on Pregnant women
Authors: Patnaik Nabnita , Bhatia Vikas , Mishra Kumar G. , Sukumar Mondithoka
Published: April 2021

Corona virus infection (COVID-19) is increasing exponentially globally. It is also affecting pregnant women among others. Complications arising during pregnancy because of COVID-19 must be considered a health issue. The objective of the study was to analyse symptoms of pregnant women affected with COVID-19 based on the available literature. The articles were searched from Medline/PubMed, Scopus which were published till June 2020 and reviewed for the determined outcomes. The review demonstrated that common symptoms were fever, cough, nausea and myalgia. Vertical transmission of Corona virus infection was not found in any of the articles reviewed. Multicenter studies are important to better understand the pathogenesis and treatment planning for COVID-19 affected pregnant women.
Everything is not on track in management of diarrhoea in under-five children
Authors: Srivastava Prerna , Mishra C. P. , Nath Gopal
Published: April 2021

Context:

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in under-five children. Effective management can significantly influence survival of children with diarrhea.

Objectives:

This study was carried out to assess extent of diarrhea, its source of treatment, and type of therapy.

Settings and Design:

This snapshot study was conducted in rural setting of India.

Methods and Material:

This study was conducted on 217 under-five children selected through multistage sampling procedure.

Statistical analysis used:

Statistical association of diarrhea with age and gender of children was established by computing Chi-square.

Results:

Period prevalence (Recall period 2 weeks of visit) of diarrhea in rural under-five children was 35.9% (95%C.I. 29.3–42.2%). Highest prevalence in age group 0–12 months (47.8%) and lowest in 49–59 months (18.2%). Number of episode per child is 1.08. Diarrhea was watery in 69.4%. Quacks were treatment provider for 36.4% cases. In 17.6% episodes, no treatment was taken. Only 9.4% episodes were treated in government facilities. For the treatment of diarrhea, antibiotic was used in 71.8% cases, ORS use was 33.3% cases, and zinc was used 21.8% of diarrhea episodes.

Conclusions:

Diarrhea is a significant problem in under-five children from a rural area of India. In spite of existence of National Program for Control of Diarrheal Diseases (NPCDD) since four decades, management of diarrhea is not on track. Focusing on primary care provision to under-five children can help in bringing the management of diarrhea on track.
Stakeholder perspectives on the integration of oral health into national health schemes
Authors: Malhotra Sneha , Mohanty Vikrant , Balappanavar Aswini Y. , Gupta Vaibhav , Kapoor Shivam , Kapoor Surbhi
Published: April 2021

Aim and Objectives:

To assess the factors and perception of various stakeholders on the integration of oral health into the national health schemes using a mixed-method research design.

Materials and Method:

A mixed-method study was carried out in 2018 in two phases. In the first phase of the study, a pretested and prevalidated self-designed close-ended questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, perception, barriers, myths, and feasibility of the integration of oral health in national health schemes. This questionnaire was administered to 96 stakeholders consisting of a medical officer (MO), accredited social health activists (ASHA), auxiliary nurse midwifery (ANM), and dental surgeon in nine Delhi Government dispensaries. The questionnaire consisted of 42 close-ended questions and four open-ended questions. The domains and themes were identified along with the challenges and opportunities of integration for focus group discussion (FGD) after analyzing the results of the first phase. The FGD consisted of seven members representing each of the above stakeholders along with one moderator and one recorder.

Results:

88.3% of the ASHA workers and 85.7% of the ANM accepted that oral screening should be incorporated in their routine practice. The major barrier to the incorporation of oral health in general health was the lack of training and insufficient provision of monetary incentives. Job burnout, work situation, inadequate pay, opportunities, workload, and limited carrier development were the demotivators, whereas respect, goodwill, and recognition from the general public were the inducers.

Conclusion:

There was a strong agreement for National Oral Health schemes to be given space and priority in India. The majority agreed that they can be used as a medium for imparting oral health education. The majority of the stakeholders believed that oral health should be a part of general health and they are open to any scheme or program which would add an oral health component.
Too little and too late. Initiation of breast feeding in Odisha, India
Authors: Kuchi Sravya , Sahu Suchanda , John Joseph
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

To assess of the time of breastfeeding initiation, identify reasons for delay, if any and to assess if any prelacteal feeds were offered.

Methods:

An observational study was conducted among the inpatients of a tertiary care centre in Bhubaneswar, India. A total of 385 mothers, without contraindications to breastfeeding were interviewed at the earliest after childbirth.

Results:

Only 36.4% mothers initiated breastfeeding “timely.” Those who had undergone vaginal delivery scored better than cesarean sections with 41.3% (CI 95%; P = 0.016). Rooming in helped at 37.6% (CI 95%; P = 0.006). Multiparous homemakers from nuclear families and those who had previously breast fed initiated earlier than their counterparts. Less than 5% (CI 95%; P = 0.056) offered prelacteal feeds, mostly water.

Conclusions:

Our study reveals an alarming decline in the timely initiation of breastfeeding in Odisha, India from 68.5% to 41.6%.
Limited role of GeneXpert in peritoneal fluid in the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in infertile women
Authors: Agrawal Smriti , Kant Surya , Das Vinita , Jain Amita , Mishra Shambhavi
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:

Genital tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of infertility in women that poses many challenges in diagnosis. The study is done to understand the utility of GeneXpert test in peritoneal fluid in the diagnosis of genital TB in infertile women.

Methods:

All infertile women in postmenstrual phase who were planned for laparoscopy in study period were included. Women who were already on anti-TB therapy were excluded. Peritoneal fluid/washings were retrieved during laparoscopy to test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by GeneXpert. A note was made of laparoscopy evidence of TB. Endometrial sample was sent for microbiological testing of mycobacterium on smear and liquid culture. Histopathological test of endometrium was also done to look for granulomas.

Results:

In a total of 57 women, 8 (14.03%) women were diagnosed with TB on the basis of laparoscopy or microbiological or histopathological tests. Six women had caseating tubercles in pelvis, of them two women had presence of mycobacterium on smear, one woman also had positive liquid culture. In two women endometrial smear was positive. None of the women had a positive GeneXpert test in peritoneal fluid.

Conclusion:

Genital TB is a clinical problem in infertile women. Even in women with confirmed genital TB the peritoneal fluid/washings were negative for mycobacterium. GeneXpert did not pick Mycobacterium in peritoneal fluid in women with genital TB. Hence, it is not a sensitive and good tool for the diagnosis of female genital TB.
A retrospective study on the microbial spectrum and antibiogram of uropathogens in children in a secondary care hospital in Rural Vellore, South India
Authors: Tryphena Cherryl , Sahni Rani Diana , John Sushil , Jeyapaul Shalini , George Anne , Helan Jasmine
Published: April 2021

Background:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common among children. Empiric antibiotics have to be started as early as possible or it may lead to an irreversible renal parenchymal damage and renal scarring in children. The objectives were to determine the prevalence and microbial profile of paediatric UTI and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

Methodology:

This is a retrospective study which looked at urine cultures of children below 15 years that were sent during the study period.

Results:

Among the total urine cultures sent only 21.2% showed significant growth of organisms. The most common organism isolated was E. coli (75.5%). E. coli was least sensitive to cefpodoxime and co-trimoxazole, whereas highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Of the total children who had significant growth, 46% had ESBL.

Discussion:

The prevalence of culture-proven UTI among children was found to be 21.2%. The most common organism isolated among the study population was E. coli (75.5%) followed by Enterococcus species (19.0%) and Klebsiella species (14.5%). It was also found that E. coli was least sensitive to cefpodoxime (31.6%) and co-trimoxazole (26.3%), moderately to amoxicillin-clavulanate (52.4%), whereas highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (82.9%). This was similar with the studies done at other secondary care hospitals, in Oman and Oddanchathram, South India.

Conclusions:

With the increasing resistance, cephalosporins should not be used in treating paediatric UTI, whereas nitrofurantoin can be started as an empiric antibiotic, which can later be changed according to the susceptibility pattern.
COVID-19 presenting as acute transient flaccid limb paralysis
Authors: V Rajesh , Augustine Jolsana , R Divya , Cleetus Melcy
Published: April 2021

Novel corona virus pandemic in 2020 has created havoc across the world. Since its entry into Indian subcontinent in February 2020, it has become the second most affected country in the world. In this context we wish to share the case of a young man who presented with periodic paralysis was eventually diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. During this pandemic season, one has to be vigilant and think out of the box to identify COVID-19 infections even among the least suspicious cases.
Tools for the evaluation of the psychological impact of COVID-19
Authors: Sarkar Siddharth , Kaur Tanveer , Ranjan Piyush , Sahu Anamika , Kumari Archana
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global population significantly and has resulted in physiological, psychological, social, and behavioral changes among the individuals. The prominent mental health effects of COVID-19 on the general and clinical populations have been well recognized. The family physicians and primary care practitioners from various disciplines are likely to encounter patients who are experiencing psychological distress manifested in the form of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, increased substance use, or other symptoms. This narrative review is aimed to present a bird's eye view of the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the general population and the various tools that are used to evaluate them. Besides, we intend to suggest a set of tools/questionnaires that can be used by the family physicians and primary care practitioners for generating data on the psychological impact of this pandemic.
(RE) currences in COVID-19
Authors: Shah Anuradha K. , Raul Mayuri U.
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 which started in December 2019 has spread rapidly worldwide with millions of cases out of which many have successfully recovered. Owing to novelty, COVID-19 has been a mystery in itself since the beginning. Some cases develop severe complications while some remain asymptomatic. With research being done in all parts of the world, many lacunae in the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease have been filled. As we move ahead with the pandemic new information is getting added to the existing knowledge pool. The residual damages and long-term health effects are yet to be encountered. The question that has been in the minds of many researchers and is still being explored remains that about re-infection. There are multiple cases worldwide where the discharged patients have been detected positive once again. In India, the guidelines for prophylaxis, testing strategy, quarantine, home isolation, and discharge policies have been revised time and again by the ministry and ICMR. It is difficult to label ones re-detected positive status, taking into consideration strain of coronavirus, dead viral particles, antibodies and reliability of tests. The role of vaccine and herd immunity also becomes controversial with number of such cases arising. We have tried to compile and find out the scientific causes, its effects on individual and what can be the implications on the Public Health and scope of development of strategies required for such occurrences. Efforts need to be taken in such a way that there is neither a panic situation nor should there be a false sense of security post-recovery.
India's need for long-term solutions to COVID-19-like pandemics
Authors: Raina Sunil K. , Kumar Raman , Natrajan S. , Gilada Ishwar , Garg Suneela , Dhariwal AC , Galvankar Sagar , Khaparde Sunil D. , Bhatt Ramesh , Bodhankar Uday , Agarwal Praveen
Published: April 2021

The entire world seems to have responded to COVID-19 pandemic in a knee-jerk manner with a short mindset without building on the existing strengths of public health infrastructure. National governments cannot be blamed for this as we are dealing with a crisis that comes once in a lifetime. Realising this, the Organized Medicine Academic Guild (OMAG) an association of major health associations in this country has suggested measures for long-term solutions to COVID-19-like pandemics in the form of a policy paper by OMAG.
Parental awareness of headaches among elementary school-aged children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altwaijri Waleed Abdulaziz , Almazyad Tuline A. , Abuzaid Yara Ahmad , Alkhater Jumanah Nasser , Ashmawi Dalal M. , Alnami Ghadah Khalid , Almazyad Lujain A. , Alnami Sadeem Khalid , Abuzaid Rawan Ahmad , Alkhater Lujeen Nasser
Published: April 2021

Context:

Headaches can negatively impact children's quality of life. Nevertheless, data on the parental awareness of childhood headache is very limited.

Aim:

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of childhood headaches and parental awareness of headaches among their elementary school children.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents who were shopping in five malls in Riyadh between March and July 2019.

Methods and Material:

Data were collected using a self-completed questionnaire, which included data on socio-demographic characteristics of the parents and their children, the presence of headache in children, and parental awareness about headache susceptibility, possible causes, associated symptoms, and management.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed as appropriate using the software SPSS.

Results:

A total of 292 parents were included. The majority were mothers (75.3%) in the age range of 26–45 years (83.2%). Approximately 62.3% of the parents reported headaches in their children. Approximately 47.6% of the headaches were attributed to “the use of electronic devices”. The overall parental awareness of headaches was 55.1%, with scores being highest for management questions (67.0%) and lowest for susceptibility questions (45.4%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, parental awareness was positively associated with the presence of children with headaches in the family and negatively associated with Saudi nationality of the children.

Conclusions:

Parental awareness of childhood headache is insufficient. There is a need to increase the awareness of parents about childhood headaches and the problems associated with heavy electronic device use.
Radiation in medical practice & health effects of radiation
Authors: Jain Sunil
Published: April 2021

Radiation is important in health and disease. It is imperative to use properly and prevent misuse or overuse. Pertinent trends of increasing radiation in the environment need analysis. We gleaned important information, from published evidence and authoritative resources, for practicing safely and preventing harm. Science & technology progress is for the betterment of mankind, and all efforts should be made to prevent any untoward effects. Children and paediatric patients deserve special attention because of their vulnerability due to multiple reasons. Effective investigations & interventions in medical settings should be done based on best evidence. All those ordering radiological investigations should take into consideration the radiation exposure values & especially decide on clinical impact of the investigation. Prenatal exposure to radiation has risks. Computed Tomography is responsible for 24% of all radiation exposure. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is useful for measuring changes in body tissue composition. Radiologists should tailor imaging individually. Radiotherapy is administered to more than half of all cancer patients. Acute toxicity alleviation and chronic toxicity consideration is important. Radiation emergencies can occur in isolation or as major catastrophe. Emergency life-support is needed. Decontamination along with using the ABCDE reduction approach components are elucidated. With increasing use of mobile phones the electro-magnetic fields produced by mobile phones use needs consideration. UV radiation overexposure prevention is with shade, clothing and hats. Applying sunscreen essential on those parts of the body that remain exposed like the face and hands. All the safety measures need popularization and continuous practice with precision & perfection.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding wound care among general population in Aseer region
Authors: Jan Muneer , Almutairi Khalid Hussein , Aldugman Maha Abdullah , Althomali Rawan Naif , Almujary Fahad Mohammed , Mughaedh Norah Abdullah Abu , Alhadi Lama Nasser
Published: April 2021

Background:

Wound care is observed to be one of the major challenge in health-care system. Wound infection is one of the major issues in medical treatment. There is limited information regarding knowledge and attitude of patients regarding care of traumatic wound. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding wound care among general population in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Method:

This cross-sectional study was a questionnaire-based study conducted on general population from time period from September 2020 to November 2020. The demographic data collected were age, gender distribution, marital status, residence, job profile, income, education, habit of smoking and any comorbidities. To analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of general population regarding wound care, 28 well-constructed questions were framed and asked. The response to all these questions was recorded and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 897 participants were included in the study. In total, 56.74% subjects of age group 41–60 years of age. In around 80% participants, no co-morbidities were observed. Around 29% participants had previous experience of surgical wound, with most common wound site being abdomen. The most common symptom in around 58% participants was excessive bleeding. Use of Alcohol swab and dry gauze were commonly used by participants as wound care measures.

Conclusion:

We observed that knowledge, attitude and practices followed by patients were not up to the standard. As patients' knowledge, good attitude and practices are important in implementing newer management technique; thus, we advice to take necessary steps to improve the attitude and knowledge of general public.
Assessment of postoperative discomfort and nerve injuries after surgical removal of mandibular third molar
Authors: Daware Surendra N. , Balakrishna Ramdas , Deogade Suryakant C. , Ingole Yogesh S. , Patil Sushant M. , Naitam Dinesh M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

The surgical removal of mandibular third molar (M3) teeth may result in a number of complications including pain, swelling, bleeding, alveolar osteitis or nerve dysfunction. Most of these problems are temporary, but in some cases, nerve paresthesia may become permanent and lead to functional problems.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims at measuring the clinical severity of pain, swelling, muscle trismus, infection, dry socket and any nerve injury-related paresthesia after surgical removal of M3. It also assesses the validity of the postoperative symptom severity and identifies the most frequent occurrences and postoperative complications.

Material and Methods:

The prospective study data was collected from 163 patients visiting the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, for surgical extraction of impacted M3. Postoperative assessment was done after 1 week at the time of suture removal for pain, swelling, wound closure, postoperative bleeding, dry socket, infection, paresthesia and trismus. Pain intensity in the form of visual analogue scale, clinical swelling determination using thread measure, trismus assessment by differences in mouth opening, paresthesia/anesthesia by questioning about tongue, chin and lip sensibility and performing neurosensory tests like 2-point discrimination, pin prick and light touch. Patients with neurosensory disturbance were followed for 6 months.

Results:

This study confirmed the previously reported prevalence rates of neurological deficit and demonstrated 2% incidence of lingual nerve injury where no symptom lasted for more than 12 weeks. Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia not reported in case series. Most of the patients reported with mild pain, mild swelling and trismus at seventh postoperative day at the time of suture removal.

Conclusion:

Although third molar surgery is a secure and low morbidity procedure, the risk of complications will always exist and it increases with increased surgical difficulty, hence the patient should always be educated about the risks and benefits of surgery in order to ensure adequate surgical management of impacted M3.
Patient satisfaction with the emergency department services at an academic teaching hospital
Authors: Abass Ghassan , Asery Ali , Al Badr Ahmed , AlMaghlouth Adnan , AlOtaiby Shahad , Heena Humariya
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Healthcare reform efforts focus on patient-centered care is measured by patient satisfaction. Emergency department (ED) satisfaction ratings are often the lowest. Since ED is the first point of contact for the patient care to receive primary care, we aimed to explore patient satisfaction related to ED healthcare services at our institution.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, ED-CAHPS, a standardized validated nine-item survey questionnaire, was administered via telephonic interviews to Arabic-speaking patients who attended ED at our institution. Patient demographics, ED operation parameters, and healthcare utilization factors were evaluated as patient satisfaction predictors.

Results:

Out of 713 patients who were contacted 200 patients responded to the survey. In all, 70% of respondents were aged 35-64 years and 55% had secondary or higher education levels. The dimension average for the questions regarding arrival, waiting time, and urgency of treatment was 36%. Regarding satisfaction with pain management was 42%, medication information was 34% and interpreter services were only 40%. The overall dimension average for satisfaction regarding nursing care was 43%, doctor care was 36%. The overall dimension average for satisfaction regarding the discharge process was 56%. The highest scores were observed for whether the patients were asked about follow-up care (61%), whether they understood the symptoms to look for after leaving the ED (58%), and whether they received care within 30 min of arriving at the ED (56%). On the other hand, the worst scores were recorded for whether the patients were made to understand regarding the side effects of new medications (29%), whether nurses spent enough time with them (33%), and whether doctors spent enough time with them (34%).

Conclusions:

Based on these results, recommendations were made to improve patients' perceptions/experience in receiving the care and the overall rating. This study presents specific recommendations for maximizing patient satisfaction in primary ED settings in Saudi Arabia.
Study to assess the home-based newborn care (HBNC) visit in rural area of Lucknow
Authors: Pathak Pankaj K. , Singh J. V. , Agarwal Monika , Singh V. K. , Tripathi Surya K.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Home-based newborn care (HBNC) is a strategy adopted by government of India to overcome the burden of newborn deaths in the first week of life, it provides continuum of care for newborn and post-natal mothers. HBNC introduced since 2011 is centred around Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) and it is the main community-based approach to newborn health.

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to assess the HBNC during HBNC visit in rural area of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.).

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Primary Health Centre Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow UP. A total of 200 mothers of newborn (age 03 days to 60 days) born in the catchment area of PHC Sarojini Nagar during 8 months period were included in cross-sectional study.

Results:

The result of study showed that majority of newborns got all the age appropriate home visit. None of the mothers had knowledge and awareness about the HBNC provision for home visits and the number of home visit by ASHA decreases as age of baby increases. All the ASHAs were aware about the schedule of home visit, the number of home visit in case of home delivery and institutional delivery.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

ASHA was found to be the major facilitator for HBNC programme. Knowledge and awareness of ASHA on importance of postnatal care needs to be enhanced via hands on training.
Contemporary role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Akpayak Idorenyin C. , Felangu Kenis S. , Nabasu Lemech E.
Published: April 2021

Background:

In contemporary practice, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has become a useful tool to differentiate between prostate cancers of high and low aggressiveness, reduce misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis and therefore overtreatment. This article aims to provide a concise review of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate, its interpretation and its role in the current management of prostate cancer.

Methods:

his was a narrative review of the contemporary role of the mpMRI in the management of prostate cancer. The databases and journals in urology and radiology were searched for relevant and contemporary existing literature on the subject.

Results:

We reviewed the technical aspects of the mpMRI of the prostate, describing the T-2 weighted imaging, the diffusion weighted imaging and the dynamic contrast enhanced imaging as well as the magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the prostate. We also reviewed the current interpretation and reporting of the mpMRI of the prostate using the PI-RADS; as well as the contemporary role of the mpMRI in prostate cancer management.

Conclusion:

The mpMRI is technologically robust and fast evolving imaging modality that has become a significant tool in the diagnosis, staging and treatment planning of prostate cancer.