bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Adolescents Use Text Messaging Through their High School Years
Authors: Ehrenreich Samuel E. , Beron Kurt J. , Burnell Kaitlyn , Meter Diana J. , Underwood Marion K.
Published: December 2019

Co‐construction theory suggests adolescents use digital communication to address developmental challenges. For a sample of 214 ethnically diverse adolescents, this research used direct observation to investigate the frequency, content, and timing of texting with parents, peers, and romantic partners through grades 9–12. Analyses showed that texting frequency follows a curvilinear trajectory, peaking in eleventh grade. Adolescents discussed a range of topics, predominantly with peers. Communication with parents was less frequent, but consistent over time. Approximately 45‐65% of adolescents communicated with romantic partners, texting heavily and about topics similar to those discussed with peers. Texting may help adolescents navigate key developmental challenges of adolescence—the establishment of autonomy, intimate peer relationships, romantic relationships, and self‐identity.
The Role of Facebook Intrusion, Depression, and Future Time Perspective in Sleep Problems Among Adolescents
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta , Blachnio Agata
Published: December 2019

The main aim of the study was to examine the determinants of sleep problems including Facebook intrusion, depression, and future time perspective. The participants were 426 adolescents, aged M = 14.68. The Future Time Perspective Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale were used. It was found that FTP goals were a negative predictor of Facebook intrusion and depression was a positive predictor of Facebook intrusion and sleep problems. Additionally, Facebook intrusion turned out to contribute positively to sleep problems. The results contribute to knowledge on excessive social media use and its relations with mental health; they can be applied in the treatment of addictive social media use.
Reproductive Anxiety and Conditional Agency at the Intersections of Privilege: A Focus Group Study of Emerging Adults’ Perception of Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Grzanka Patrick R. , Schuch Elena
Published: December 2019

Public health officials and major health care organizations in the United States have identified long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) as the first‐line option for preventing unintended pregnancy. Existing research on LARC focuses on efficacy and usage rates, generally effacing women's lived experiences with these historically controversial devices. We take a critical, reproductive justice‐informed approach to LARC promotion efforts in this qualitative, focus group study. Across six groups of undergraduate women ages 18–24 (N =30, majority White), we explore how the individuals targeted by contemporary LARC promotion efforts—emerging adult women who have never given birth—negotiate (not) acquiring these devices. We introduce reproductive anxiety and conditional agency as key terms through which our participants made meaning out of LARC. Though participants reflected socially normative discourses of empowerment and choice, our findings suggest that these relatively privileged respondents experienced their choices to use or not use LARC in neoliberal terms. Specifically, we suggest their responses avert attention from the multifarious ways that women's reproductive capacities are differentially disciplined by hegemonic norms. We conclude by suggesting that sexual and reproductive health policy must foreground issues of structural intersectionality—rather than cost or efficacy—so that health promotion efforts do not inadvertently exacerbate inequalities.
Neonatal head injuries: A prospective Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative cohort study
Authors: Eapen Nitaa , Borland Meredith L , Phillips Natalie , Kochar Amit , Dalton Sarah , Cheek John A , Gilhotra Yuri , Neutze Jocelyn , Lyttle Mark D , Donath Susan , Crowe Louise , Dalziel Stuart R , Oakley Ed , Williams Amanda , Hearps Stephen , Bressan Silvia , Babl Franz E
Published: December 2019

Aim

To characterise the causes, clinical characteristics and short‐term outcomes of neonates who presented to paediatric emergency departments with a head injury.

Methods

Secondary analysis of a prospective data set of paediatric head injuries at 10 emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand. Patients without neuroimaging were followed up by telephone call. We extracted epidemiological information, clinical findings and outcomes in neonates (≤28 days).

Results

Of 20 137 children with head injuries, 93 (0.5%) occurred in neonates. These were mostly fall‐related (75.2%), commonly from a care giver's arms, or due to being accidentally struck by a person/object (20.4%). There were three cases of non‐accidental head injuries (3.2%). Most neonates were asymptomatic (67.7%) and many had no findings on examination (47.3%). Most neonates had a Glasgow Coma Scale 15 (89.2%) or 14 (7.5%). A total of 15.1% presented with vomiting and 5.4% were abnormally drowsy. None had experienced a loss of consciousness. The most common findings on examination were scalp haematoma (28.0%) and possible palpable skull fracture (6.5%); 8.6% underwent computed tomography brain scan and 4.3% received an ultrasound. Five of eight computed tomography scan (5.4% of neonates overall) showed traumatic brain injury and two of four (2.2% overall) had traumatic brain injury on ultrasound. Thirty‐seven percent were admitted, one patient was intubated and none had neurosurgery or died.

Conclusions

Neonatal head injuries are rare with a mostly benign short‐term outcome and are appropriate for observation. However, non‐accidental injuries need to be considered.
7-methoxyflavanone alleviates neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signalling and activating the Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway
Authors: Qu Zhao , Chen Yan , Luo Zhuo-Hui , Shen Xiao-Ling , Hu Ying-Jie
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Neuroprotective potential of 7-methoxyflavanone (7MF) and its underlying mechanism was investigated.

Methods

Inhibitory effects of 7MF on microglial activation and neuroinflammation were evaluated by employment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells. Changes in expression of genes and proteins of interest were investigated by RT-qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis. Inhibitory effects of 7MF on microglial overactivation were verified in LPS-treated C57BL/6J mice using ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1) in the brain and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum as indicators.

Key findings

In BV2 cells, pretreatment with 7MF antagonized LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Mechanistic studies revealed reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88), phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (p-ERK) but increased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cellular expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1 (NQO-1) by 7MF. In LPS-treated mice, pretreatment with 7MF reduced the brain level of Iba1 and serum level of IL-6.

Conclusions

7-methoxyflavanone inhibited LPS-stimulated TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signalling and activated Nrf2-mediated transcription of antioxidant protein NQO-1, showing antineuroinflammatory effect, so it is a potential neuroprotective agent.
Transport of trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptide in tumour tissue model: evaluation of factors affecting the transport of TAT evidenced by flow cytometry
Authors: Ur Rahman Aziz , Khan Shahzeb , Khan Munasib
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Trans-activator of transcription (TAT), a cell penetrating peptide, has been explored to overcome resistance to penetration and transport inside the cell, therefore, suggested to be used as drug delivery vector into drug-resistant tumours. The generosity of this study was to evaluate modifiable factors (concentration, temperature, incubation time and spheroid age) on the penetration of TAT.

Methods

Multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) used as tumour tissue models to mimic some characteristics with in-vivo tumors. Cell monolayer and 3-, 5-, 7-day-old MCTS were incubated with TAT and effects of modifiable factors were determined quantitatively through flow cytometry, based on TAT-positive cell count (%) and mean fluorescence intensity.

Key findings

Enhancing TAT concentration (1, 5 and 25 µm), transport significantly increased (ANOVA, P < 0.0001) in cell monolayer and spheroids. However, rising temperature from 7 to 37°C (t, P > 0.05) and increasing incubation time; 20 min, 1 h and 3 h; (ANOVA, P > 0.05) were statistically non-significant. Moreover, TAT penetration declines as spheroids get older (ANOVA, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

While exploiting MCTS as tumour tissue model, older spheroids could be preferred to target penetration-resistant cells and mimic the in-vivo microenvironment.
The effect of different dietary levels of sodium and chloride on performance and blood parameters in goslings (1–28 days of age)
Authors: Chen Yuanjing , Yang Haiming , Wan Xiaoli , Wan Yu , Zhang Hang , Gong Shuai , Wang Zhiyue
Published: December 2019

A total of 702 1‐day‐old male Jiangnan White goslings were used to study the effects of varying levels of Na+ and Cl− on their growth performance and blood parameters. In this experiment, goslings were randomly allotted to nine treatments, with six pens per treatment in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, and fed diets with three concentrations of added Na+ (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) and three concentrations of added Cl− (0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the sensitivity of goslings to Na+ and Cl− during brooding to determine the appropriate levels of Na+ and Cl− in their feed. The results are as follows: (a) Different levels of Na+ and Cl− in the diet, especially low Na+ and Cl−, significantly affected the body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) of the 28‐day‐old goslings (p < .05). But Na+ × Cl− has no significant effect on water consumption (p > .05). (b) Serum concentrations of urea increased linearly with Na+ content (p < .05). Serum concentrations of creatinine (CR) and uric acid (UA) increased linearly with Cl− content (p < .05). (c) Na+ × Cl− has a significant impact on the serum sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl; p < .05). The content of serum Na and Cl increased linearly with increasing levels of Na+ and Cl−. These results show that low levels of Na+ and Cl− had significant adverse effects on the growth of 1‐ to 28‐day‐old goslings. The results of the experiment support a recommendation to supplement the diet of goslings with 0.20% Cl− and not <0.15% Na+.
Gross motor adaptation benefits from sleep after training
Authors: Bothe Kathrin , Hirschauer Franziska , Wiesinger Hans‐Peter , Edfelder Janina M. , Gruber Georg , Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Birklbauer Juergen
Published: December 2019

Sleep has been shown to facilitate the consolidation of newly acquired motor memories. However, the role of sleep in gross motor learning, especially in motor adaptation, is less clear. Thus, we investigated the effects of nocturnal sleep on the performance of a gross motor adaptation task, i.e. riding an inverse steering bicycle. Twenty‐six male participants (M = 24.19, SD = 3.70 years) were randomly assigned to a PM‐AM‐PM (n = 13) or an AM‐PM‐AM (n = 13) group, i.e. they trained in the evening/morning and were re‐tested the next morning/evening and the following evening/morning (PM‐AM‐PM/AM‐PM‐AM group) so that every participant spent one sleep as well as one wake interval between the three test sessions. Inverse cycling performance was assessed by speed (riding time) and accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) measures. Behavioural results showed that in the PM‐AM‐PM group a night of sleep right after training stabilized performance (accuracy and speed) and was further improved over the subsequent wake interval. In the AM‐PM‐AM group, a significant performance deterioration after the initial wake interval was followed by the restoration of subjects' performance levels from right after training when a full night of sleep was granted. Regarding sleep, right hemispheric fast N2 sleep spindle activity was related to better stabilization of inverse cycling skills, thus possibly reflecting the ongoing process of updating the participants' mental model from “how to ride a bicycle” to “how to ride an inverse steering bicycle”. Our results demonstrate that sleep facilitates the consolidation of gross motor adaptation, thus adding further insights to the role of sleep for tasks with real‐life relevance.
Cause Lawyering and Movement Tactics: Disability Rights Movements in South Korea and Japan
Authors: Arrington Celeste L. , Moon Yong‐Il
Published: December 2019

We investigate cause lawyers’ roles in movements for the domestic adoption of international human rights norms. Social movements scholarship often assumes that lawyers will divert activism toward institutional tactics, while the sociolegal studies literature emphasizes that lawyers are active in diverse ways across venues. A paired comparison of antidiscrimination movements in South Korea and Japan reveals how critical junctures in regime history shape the tactical repertoires that cause lawyers bring to their interactions with movement actors, and thus also movement tactics. This research advances scholarship on professionals in social movements, cause lawyers as norm entrepreneurs, and legal mobilization in East Asia.
Breastfeed4Ghana: Design and evaluation of an innovative social media campaign
Authors: Harding Kassandra , Aryeetey Richmond , Carroll Grace , Lasisi Opeyemi , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Young Marissa
Published: December 2019

Although targeting health behaviour change through social media campaigns has gained traction in recent years, few studies have focused on breastfeeding social media campaigns. Within the context of rising social media utilization and recent declines in exclusive breastfeeding practices in Ghana, we implemented Breastfeed4Ghana, a Facebook‐ and Twitter‐based breastfeeding social media campaign. This study determined feasibility of implementing Breastfeed4Ghana and evaluated its impact on breastfeeding knowledge in Ghana. Key performance indicators of the campaign were monitored on social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter. An online cross‐sectional survey conducted across three time points (n = 451) assessed breastfeeding knowledge, campaign exposure, and understanding and acceptability of Breastfeed4Ghana among Ghanaian adults. Modified Poisson models were used to assess the relationship between campaign exposure and breastfeeding knowledge, adjusting for survey time point, sex, and parenthood status. The campaign acquired 4,832 followers. Based on follower demographics collected from Facebook and Twitter analytics, the target population was successfully reached. Campaign exposure among survey participants was 42.3% and 48.7% at midline and endline, respectively. Campaign acceptability was high (>90%), and >44% of those exposed to the campaign also shared the campaign with others. However, 61.0% of those exposed did not know or could not remember the purpose of the campaign. Campaign exposure was not associated with higher breastfeeding knowledge (APR [95% confidence interval] = 0.96 [0.73, 1.26]). Breastfeed4Ghana was highly feasible. However, campaign understanding yielded mixed findings and may explain the limited impact on breastfeeding knowledge.
Tolerance of ambiguity and psychological well‐being in medical training: A systematic review
Authors: Hancock Jason , Mattick Karen
Published: December 2019

Context

The prevalence of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors is high. It has been proposed that there may be an association between levels of tolerance of ambiguity (ie an ability to tolerate a lack of reliable, credible or adequate information) in clinical work and psychological well‐being within this population. The aims of this systematic review were: (i) to assess the nature and extent of the literature available, in order to determine if there is an association, and (ii) to develop a conceptual model proposing possible mechanisms to underpin any association, in order to inform subsequent research.

Methods

MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from inception to September 2018. Additional literature was identified by searching the reference lists of included articles, forward searches of included articles, hand searches of key journals and a grey literature search. Of the 671 studies identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed.

Results

All 11 included studies reported an association between a lower level of tolerance of ambiguity or uncertainty and reduced psychological well‐being. Included studies were heterogeneous in terms of population and measurement approach, and were often of low methodological quality. Subsets of items from previously developed scales were often used without sufficient consideration of the impact of new combinations of items on scale validity. Similar scales were also scored inconsistently between studies, making comparison difficult.

Conclusions

There appears to be an association between tolerance of ambiguity and psychological well‐being. This provides new opportunities to understand and prevent the development of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors. The conceptual model developed provides a framework for future research, which we hope will prevent wasted research effort through duplication and promote higher methodological quality.
In defence of constructivist, utility‐driven psychometrics for the ‘post‐psychometric era’
Authors: Pearce Jacob
Published: December 2019

Are we truly living in a post‐psychometric era? This commentary warns against the pendulum swinging too far, highlighting the value of constructivist utility‐driven approaches to psychometric techniques by arguing for their benefits when used appropriately.
Invited Review: The role of prion‐like mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Jaunmuktane Z. , Brandner S.
Published: December 2019

The prototype of transmissible neurodegenerative proteinopathies is prion diseases, characterized by aggregation of abnormally folded conformers of the native prion protein. A wealth of mechanisms has been proposed to explain the conformational conversion from physiological protein into misfolded, pathological form, mode of toxicity, propagation from cell‐to‐cell and regional spread. There is increasing evidence that other neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ and tau), Parkinson’s disease (α‐synuclein), frontotemporal dementia (TDP43, tau or FUS) and motor neurone disease (TDP43), exhibit at least some of the misfolded prion protein properties. In this review, we will discuss to what extent each of the properties of misfolded prion protein is known to occur for Aβ, tau, α‐synuclein and TDP43, with particular focus on self‐propagation through seeding, conformational strains, selective cellular and regional vulnerability, stability and resistance to inactivation, oligomers, toxicity and summarize the most recent literature on transmissibility of neurodegenerative disorders.
Structural and functional relationships between plasmodesmata and plant endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites consisting of three synaptotagmins
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuya , Tamura Kentaro , Fukao Yoichiro , Shimada Tomoo
Published: December 2019

Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) has been recognised as a tethering factor of plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) contact sites (EPCSs) and partially localises to around plasmodesmata (PD). However, other components of EPCSs associated with SYT1 and functional links between the EPCSs and PD have not been identified.

We explored interactors of SYT1 by immunoprecipitation and mass analysis. The dynamics, morphology and spatial arrangement of the ER in Arabidopsis mutants lacking the EPCS components were investigated using confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. PD permeability of EPCS mutants was assessed using a virus movement protein and free green fluorescent protein (GFP) as indicators.

We identified two additional components of the EPCSs, SYT5 and SYT7, that interact with SYT1. The mutants of the three SYTs were defective in the anchoring of the ER to the PM. The ER near the PD entrance appeared to be weakly squeezed in the triple mutant compared with the wild‐type. The triple mutant suppressed cell‐to‐cell movement of the virus movement protein, but not GFP diffusion.

We revealed major additional components of EPCS associated with SYT1 and suggested that the EPCSs arranged around the PD squeeze the ER to regulate active transport via PD.
How youth mentoring relationships end and why it matters: a mixed‐methods, multi‐informant study
Authors: Spencer Renée , Keller Thomas E. , Perry Meghan , Drew Alison L. , Clark‐Shim Hyuny , Horn John Paul , Miranda‐Díaz Miriam , McCormack Martha J.
Published: December 2019

Scant empirical attention has been devoted to understanding endings in youth mentoring relationships, despite the frequency with which they occur. This study examined data from a mixed‐methods study of mentoring relationship endings in which youth mentees, the youth's parents or guardians, mentors, and program staff were surveyed about the closure process, and a subsample of program staff, mentors, and parents or guardians also participated in in‐depth qualitative interviews. Findings from a descriptive analysis detailing the perceptions of multiple stakeholders in the closure process as reported in surveys are presented along with case studies derived from a case‐based analysis of in‐depth qualitative interview data. Most relationship endings were initiated by the mentors, and although some matches engaged in an intentional and direct closure process, more often the endings were unclear or even confusing to program participants. Implications for practice are discussed, including recommendations for more training and greater involvement of program staff in the closure process, as are implications for future research.
Respiratory scleroma: A clinicopathologic study of 51 cases from Guatemala
Authors: Mariz Bruno A. L. A. , Sánchez‐Romero Celeste , Romañach Mário J. , de Almeida Oslei P. , Carlos Román
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To evaluate clinical and pathologically cases of respiratory scleroma diagnosed in a 30‐year period in Guatemala.

Material and methods

Fifty‐one cases of respiratory scleroma diagnosed from 1988 to 2018 in a single pathology service in Guatemala were confirmed using Warthin–Starry staining. Immunohistochemical reactions against CD68, LCA, CD20, CD3, and CD138 were performed to illustrate the inflammatory infiltrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to illustrate bacteria morphology.

Results

All 51 cases affected patients from poor areas of Guatemala, particularly women (66.7%), with a mean age of 31 years (range 7–66 years). Nose was affected in most cases (96.1%). Other sites involved included pharynx, larynx, palate, maxillary sinuses, and upper lip. Depending on the stage, the disease manifested as ulcerations, nasal deformities, or laryngeal stenosis. Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, dysphonia, fetid discharge, and pain were the main symptoms. Mikulicz cells (CD68+) in a plasma cell‐rich inflammatory background (CD138+, CD20+, CD3+/−) were the typical microscopic presentation. In SEM, each macrophagic vacuole contained few to dozens of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis diplobacilli. Treatment consisted of long‐term trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, with adequate control of disease.

Conclusion

Respiratory scleroma is a rare infectious disease affecting the upper respiratory tract, in poor regions of the world, including Guatemala.
Left atrial fibrosis progression detected by LGE‐MRI after ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kheirkhahan Mobin , Baher Alex , Goldooz Matin , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Morris Alan K. , Csecs Ibolya , Chelu Mihail G. , Wilson Brent. D. , Marrouche Nassir F.
Published: December 2019

Background

Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is thought to be a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF) and can be quantified by late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI). Fibrosis formation in LA is a dynamic process and may either progress or regress following AF ablation. We examined the impact of postablation progression in LA fibrosis on AF recurrence.

Methods

LA enhancement in LGE‐MRI was quantified in 127 consecutive patients who underwent first time AF ablation. Serial LGE‐MRIs were done prior to AF ablation, 3 months postablation and at least 12 months after second LGE‐MRI. Transient postablation lesion (TL) was defined as atrial enhancement caused by ablation lesions that was detected on the first (3 month) but not on the second postablation LGE‐MRI. New fibrosis (NF) was defined as atrial enhancement detected on the most recent LGE‐MRI, at least 15 months after the ablation procedure. AF recurrence and its correlation with TL and NF was assessed in all patients during the follow‐up period.

Results

An increase of 1% NF increased the chance of postablation AF recurrence by 3% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% CI 1‐1.06, P = .05). TL had no significant impact on recurrence (P = .057). After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, HR increased as NF became greater. Greater volume of NF (≥21%) corresponded with lower arrhythmia‐free survival (37% vs 62%, P = .01).

Conclusion

NF formation postablation of AF is a novel marker of long‐term procedural outcome. Extensive NF is associated with significantly higher risk of atrial arrhythmia recurrence.
Incidence and predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing electrophysiology ablation procedures
Authors: Lee Ye , Banooni Andrew , Yuki Koichi , Staffa Steven J. , DiNardo James A. , Brown Morgan L.
Published: December 2019

Background

Postoperative nausea and vomiting remains a significant concern for patients undergoing general anesthesia for percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation and cryoablation for tachyarrhythmias.

Aim

Our objective was to examine the incidence and risk factors for nausea and vomiting in the recovery room.

Methods

Children aged > 2 and ≤ 18 years who underwent general anesthesia for a percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation or cryoablation for a tachyarrhythmia between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes included postoperative nausea, vomiting, and a composite of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the recovery room.

Results

We identified 611 patients with a mean age of 13.3 ± 3.9 years, 54.5% male, and a mean length of anesthesia was 3.9 ± 1.0 hours. Vomiting or retching in the postanesthesia care unit occurred in 7.4% of patients and nausea in an additional 12.4%. A composite of nausea and vomiting occurred in 95 patients (15.5%). On multivariable analysis, a subhypnotic propofol infusion (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23‐0.88, P = .019) and shorter anesthetic duration (OR 0.81 per 30 minutes, 95% CI 0.70‐0.94, P = .006) were independently associated with less vomiting in the recovery room. A history of PONV (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.24‐4.05, P = .007) was independently associated with a composite of nausea and vomiting in the recovery room.

Conclusions

A shorter anesthetic time and a subhypnotic propofol infusion were predictive of a lower rate of postoperative vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia for electrophysiologic ablation procedures.
Normal and difficult airways in children: “What’s New”—Current evidence
Authors: Fiadjoe John , Nishisaki Akira
Published: December 2019

Background

Pediatric difficult airway is one of the most challenging clinical situations. We will review new concepts and evidence in pediatric normal and difficult airway management in the operating room, intensive care unit, Emergency Department, and neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods

Expert review of the recent literature.

Results

Cognitive factors, teamwork, and communication play a major role in managing pediatric difficult airway. Earlier studies evaluated videolaryngoscopes in a monolithic way yielding inconclusive results regarding their effectiveness. There are, however, substantial differences among videolaryngoscopes particularly angulated vs. nonangulated blades which have different learning and use characteristics. Each airway device has strengths and weaknesses, and combining these devices to leverage both strengths will likely yield success. In the pediatric intensive care unit, emergency department and neonatal intensive care units, adverse tracheal intubation–associated events and hypoxemia are commonly reported. Specific patient, clinician, and practice factors are associated with these occurrences. In both the operating room and other clinical areas, use of passive oxygenation will provide additional laryngoscopy time. The use of neuromuscular blockade was thought to be contraindicated in difficult airway patients. Newer evidence from observational studies showed that controlled ventilation with or without neuromuscular blockade is associated with fewer adverse events in the operating room. Similarly, a multicenter neonatal intensive care unit study showed fewer adverse events in infants who received neuromuscular blockade. Neuromuscular blockade should be avoided in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, head and neck radiation, airway masses, and external airway compression for anticipated worsening airway collapse with neuromuscular blocker administration.

Conclusion

Clinicians caring for children with difficult airways should consider new cognitive paradigms and concepts, leverage the strengths of multiple devices, and consider the role of alternate anesthetic approaches such as controlled ventilation and use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in select situations. Anesthesiologists can partner with intensive care and emergency department and neonatology clinicians to improve the safety of airway management in all clinical settings.
Dexmedetomidine infusion overdose during anesthesia: A case report
Authors: Li Christine , Clifford Michael
Published: December 2019

A 12‐kg infant was given intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.2 µg kg‐1 min‐1 as an adjunct for general anesthesia. The 60‐fold increase in dexmedetomidine infusion rate caused a biphasic response with initial hypertension followed by bradycardia and hypotension requiring inotropic support. No postoperative or long‐term sequelae were noted. Dexmedetomidine infusion is usually delivered as µg kg‐1 h‐1.
Implementation and evaluation of SBIRT training in a Community Health nursing course
Authors: Bremner Marie N. , Maguire Mary Beth R. , Keen Diane , Blake Barbara J. , Santa Heather , Nowalk Alexandra
Published: December 2019

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to report on the implementation and evaluation of a Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) educational program into an undergraduate nursing curriculum and to recommend modifications for future trainings.

Design and Sample

A one‐group pre‐test/post‐test design was used. The sample consisted of senior level undergraduate nursing students.

Measures

Core knowledge, perceived competency, and program satisfaction were measured. Process evaluation activities were performed to gather feedback on the training and solicit ideas and recommendations for improvement.

Results

Of the 354 nursing students enrolled in the training, 249 (70%) participated in the research portion, with 240 (96%) completed the pre‐ and post‐training evaluations. All four core knowledge components and 13 perceived competency indicators were statistically significant (p ≤ .001) when comparing pre‐ and post‐t test values. Process evaluation data collected through 25 telephone interviews found that the training improved the students’ confidence and ability to screen for substance misuse with patients.

Conclusion

Findings support the implementation of SBIRT training into an undergraduate nursing curriculum. Modifications for future training and research are proposed.
Clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer with carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 expression occurring in elderly individuals: An autopsy study
Authors: Wang Tan , Matsuda Yoko , Nonaka Keisuke , Kakizaki Mototsune , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Kanazawa Nobuo , Uegaki Satoko , Muramatsu Masaaki , Sawabe Motoji , Mori Seijiro , Tanaka Masashi , Kitagawa Masanobu , Arai Tomio
Published: December 2019

The clinicopathological significance of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) in gastric cancer (GC) remains obscure. Therefore, the current study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological value of CA19‐9 in GC utilizing autopsy cases. We examined the expression of CA19‐9 and mucin core proteins in GC immunohistochemically, and analyzed serum CA19‐9 levels and clinicopathological variables or complications. We also investigated whether fucosyltransferases 2 and 3 (FUT2/3) allelic variants influence CA19‐9 expression in GC. Compared to GC cases with negative CA19‐9 expression (tCA19‐9‐N), those with positive CA19‐9 expression (tCA19‐9‐P) demonstrated significant differences in characteristic features such as lymph node and distant organ metastases, lymphatic and venous permeation, and higher Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stages. Moreover, compared to GC cases with low serum CA19‐9 levels (sCA19‐9‐L), those with high serum CA19‐9 levels (sCA19‐9‐H) were related to venous permeation, higher proportion of lymph node and distant organ metastases, and higher TNM stages. Both tCA19‐9‐P GC and sCA19‐9‐H GC cases were significantly associated with coagulation abnormalities. sCA19‐9‐H GC cases correlated significantly with MUC1 and MUC5AC expression. FUT2/3 genotypes were not associated with CA19‐9 expression in GC. These results suggest that CA19‐9 can predict the risk of lymph node and distant metastases as well as of coagulation abnormalities.
Understanding the histogenesis of a HRAS‐PIK3R1 co‐driven metastatic metaplastic breast carcinoma associated with squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts
Authors: Febres‐Aldana Christopher A. , Alvarez Moreno Juan C. , Rivera Melissa , Kaplan Stuart , Paramo Juan , Poppiti Robert
Published: December 2019

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) represents a heterogeneous group of aggressive primary breast cancers that can show differentiation into carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Due to its rapid growth, this malignancy can replace precursor lesions, which remain unknown in most cases. Herein, we describe a MBC presenting as a deceptive post‐biopsy hematoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the primary tumor revealed a squamous cell carcinoma arising in a background of squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts (SMOLD). In the absence of ductal carcinoma in situ, we consider SMOLD as a nonobligatory precursor of MBC. The tumor showed ‘dedifferentiation’ into spindle, mucin‐producing, osteoclast‐like giant cell and fibromatosis‐like carcinoma. Next‐generation sequencing revealed the driver mutations HRASQ61R and PIK3R1c.1738_1745+2del in addition to MYH11S638L and amplification of ERCC5 and FGF14, which were potential contributors to tumor phenotype. Tumor dedifferentiation was probably facilitated by epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) with aberrant expression of platelet and endothelial adhesion molecule‐1, leading to early metastasis via hematogenous route rather than lymphatic. The co‐occurrence of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway abnormalities along with EMT could mediate divergent growth in breast cancer.
Cryopreservation of stallion semen: Effect of adding antioxidants to the freezing medium on sperm physiology
Authors: Contreras María José , Treulen Favián , Arias María Elena , Silva Mauricio , Fuentes Fernanda , Cabrera Paulina , Felmer Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Cryopreservation of stallion semen has not reached the level of efficiency and positive results described in other species. This is mainly due to the greater sensitivity of stallion sperm to the freezing process, showing higher rates of oxidative stress and plasma membrane damage, which trigger the activation of several cell damage pathways that ultimately culminate in DNA fragmentation and cell death. Therefore, finding molecules that improve the efficiency of this technique in stallion by preventing oxidative stress and cell damage is required. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding three antioxidants (MnTBAP, NAC and FeTPPS) to the freezing medium on the quality and functional parameters of stallion sperm. Semen samples from three stallions frozen with the antioxidants were evaluated in two conditions: (a) adding the antioxidants before freezing, and (b) before and after freezing. Plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS levels, membrane lipid disorder, DNA damage, sperm motility and binding to the zona pellucida were assessed. The results showed that MnTBAP was the antioxidant treatment that best controlled the oxidative stress process and post‐thaw cell damage, showing higher plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm motility, number of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of bovine oocytes and lower lipid disorder. Additionally, it was determined that a second post‐thaw application of antioxidants is detrimental since induced higher cell damage and lower sperm motility, without showing any beneficial effect on the spermatozoa.
Herpes Simplex virus type 2 myeloradiculitis with a pure motor presentation in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Abati Elena , Gagliardi Delia , Velardo Daniele , Meneri Megi , Conte Giorgio , Cinnante Claudia , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo , Corti Stefania
Published: December 2019

In this case report, we describe the first PCR‐confirmed case of HSV2 myeloradiculitis with a purely motor presentation, occurring in a 68‐year‐old liver transplant recipient. The patient reported ascending weakness with no sensory nor sphincteric symptoms, thereby resembling acute demyelinating inflammatory neuropathy, or Guillain‐Barré syndrome. HSV2 was detected in cerebrospinal fluid by PCR, and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous Acyclovir.
d‐Lactic acid secreted by Chlorella fusca primes pattern‐triggered immunity against Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Sang‐Moo , Kim Seon‐Kyu , Lee Nakyeong , Ahn Chi‐Yong , Ryu Choong‐Min
Published: December 2019

Biological control agents including microbes and their products have been studied as sustainable crop protection strategies. Although aquatic microalgae have been recently introduced as a biological control agent, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying biological control by microalga Chlorella fusca. Foliar application of C. fusca elicits induced resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 that activates plant immunity rather than direct antagonism. To understand the basis of C. fusca‐triggered induced resistance at the transcriptional level, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis. RNA‐seq data showed that, upon pathogen inoculation, C. fusca treatment primed the expression of cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinases, WRKY transcription factor genes, and salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling‐related genes. Intriguingly, the application of C. fusca primed pathogen‐associated molecular pattern ‐triggered immunity, characterized by reactive oxygen species burst and callose deposition, upon flagellin 22 treatment. The attempts to find C. fusca determinants allowed us to identify d‐lactic acid secreted in the supernatant of C. fusca as a defence priming agent. This is the first report of the mechanism of innate immune activation by aquatic microalga Chlorella in higher plants.
Diagnostic value of laboratory monitoring to predict severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in non‐D and non‐K‐alloimmunized pregnancies
Authors: Koelewijn Johanna Maria , Slootweg Yolentha Maria , Folman Claudia , van Kamp Inge Louise , Oepkes Dick , de Haas Masja
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Pregnant women are routinely screened for red blood cell (RBC) antibodies early in pregnancy. If RBC‐alloantibodies are detected, repeated laboratory testing is advised to timely identify pregnancies at high risk for severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). We assessed for RBC alloantibodies, other than anti‐D or anti‐K, cut‐offs for the titer and the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) test to select high‐risk cases. To advise on test repeat intervals, and to avoid unnecessary testing, we evaluated the chance for exceeding the cut‐offs for Rh antibodies other than anti‐D, Jk, Fy, and S/s antibodies.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Diagnostic value of antibody titer and ADCC test was determined with data from a prospective index‐cohort study, conducted in 2002‐2004. Laboratory test outcomes were from a recent observational cohort (2015‐2016).

RESULTS

A titer cut‐off of ≥16 showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI:73‐100%) and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 17% (95% CI:14%‐20%). The percentage of pregnancies reaching a titer above the cut‐off of ≥16 varied from 0% for anti‐Jka/Jkb (n = 38) to 36% for anti‐c (n = 97). The ADCC test showed no cut‐off with a 100% sensitivity. However, in cases with a titer ≥16 and an ADCC test ≥30% a PPV of 38% was obtained to detect severe HDFN.

CONCLUSION

A titer cut‐off of ≥16 is adequate to detect all cases at risk for severe HDFN; the ADCC test may add a more accurate risk estimation. Repeated testing is recommended in pregnancies with anti‐c. In pregnancies with other Rh antibodies a repeated test in the third trimester is recommended.
Circulation of emerging NDM‐5‐producing Escherichia coli among humans and dogs in Egypt
Authors: Ramadan Hazem , Gupta Sushim K. , Sharma Poonam , Ahmed Marwa , Hiott Lari M. , Barrett John B. , Woodley Tiffanie A. , Frye Jonathan G. , Jackson Charlene R.
Published: December 2019

The emergence of NDM‐producing Escherichia coli has considerably threatened human and animal health worldwide. This study describes for the first time in Egypt, the draft genome sequences of emerging NDM‐5‐producing E. coli from humans and dogs, and investigates genetic relatedness between isolates from both sources. Two E. coli from human urine and seven from environmental clinical samples of dogs exhibited resistance to carbapenems and harbouring blaNDM were subjected to Illumina Miseq whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). Assembly and analysis of the reads were performed to identify resistance genes, multilocus sequence types (MLST), plasmid replicon types (Inc) and insertion sequences (IS) of the blaNDM region; core genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis was also performed. Two different NDM alleles were identified; blaNDM‐5 in E. coli HR119 from the urine of a healthy person and environmental samples of dogs, and blaNDM‐1 in E. coli HR135 from a human patient's urine. Multiple mobilizable resistance genes to different antimicrobial classes were identified except the colistin resistance gene, mcr. E. coli isolates from humans and dogs were assigned to different sequence types (STs). Using cgMLST, dog isolates clustered together with only 1–2 allellic differences; however, human E. coli showed 1,978 different allelles compared with dog isolates. Plasmidfinder results indicated the presence of an IncX3 replicon in blaNDM‐5‐producing E. coli; however, blaNDM‐1 was linked to IncCoIKP3. Notably, the NDM region (3 Kb) in all isolates from humans and dogs was highly similar with variable flanking sequences that represented different IS elements. This study reports the first emergence of NDM‐5‐producing E. coli from dogs in Egypt that shared some genetic features with human isolates and could be considered potential public health threats.
Effects of exercise training on serum preptin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and high molecular weight adiponectin in adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Mohammad Rahimi Gholam Rasul , Bijeh Nahid , Rashidlamir Amir
Published: December 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Are the advantages of aerobic interval exercise, resistance exercise and concurrent exercise on the metabolic profile mediated in part through preptin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN)?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Glucose was significantly lowered after concurrent exercise and aerobic interval exercise, but serum preptin and insulin were significantly lowered in all three training groups. By contrast, ucOCN and high molecular weight adiponectin increased significantly in all three training groups. These findings support the possible cross‐talk between bone, pancreatic β‐cells and energy metabolism in humans and suggest that preptin and ucOCN may potentially serve as markers of exercise‐induced improvement of metabolism.

Preptin is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in the development of obesity by regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) is also linked to the regulation of body energy in that it modulates fat and glucose metabolism. This research aimed to examine the impact of aerobic interval, resistance and concurrent exercise on serum preptin, ucOCN and high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW‐APN) in obese adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Forty‐four obese men with MetS were randomized to receive aerobic interval exercise (AIEX, n = 10), resistance exercise (REX, n = 10), or concurrent aerobic interval and resistance exercise (CEX, n = 10), or to act as a non‐exercise control (CON, n = 10) three times a week for 12 weeks. Preptin was reduced more after AIEX and CEX than after REX (89.1% and 87.1% versus 9.6%; P = 0.028 and 0.030, respectively). ucOCN increased significantly only in the CEX (27.5%, P = 0.009) and AIEX (25%, P = 0.025) groups, but HMW‐APN increased significantly in all three training groups (AIEX 145.1%, P < 0.001; CEX 137%, P < 0.001; and REX 59.8%, P = 0.041). After the intervention, the improvement of peak oxygen uptake () in the AIEX group (73%) was greater than in the CEX (29.3%) and REX (3.8%) groups. On the other hand, CEX exhibited a greater reduction in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index and HbA1c than did AIEX and REX. Our study indicates that the reduction in glucose after exercise training (especially AIEX and CEX) may be, somewhat, linked to decreased preptin and raised ucOCN and HMW‐APN.
Cambio organizacional, institucional y tecnológico: una aproximación desde la teoría actor-red y el trabajo institucional
Authors: Gutierrez Rincon Viviana Andrea , Aguilar Zambrano José Javier , Medina Vásquez Javier Enrique
Published: December 2019

La interrelación entre cambio organizacional, tecnológico e institucional ha sido ampliamente estudiada desde diferentes teorías. Sin embargo, poco se ha explorado sobre ¿cómo con la introducción de una nueva tecnología se entrelazan las propiedades materiales de la tecnología con los arreglos sociales del contexto donde se implementan, generando cambios en las tecnologías, organizaciones e instituciones?, convirtiéndose en nuestra pregunta de investigación. El estudio parte de una revisión de teorías de cambio organizacional, institucional y tecnológico, identificando diferencias y complementariedades entre sus conceptos, generando así una propuesta teórica para analizar la interacción de actores no-humanos con las prácticas institucionalizadas de actores humanos en la implementación de tecnologías desde la Teoría Actor-Red y el Trabajo Institucional.