bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G. FLAUBERT’S NOVEL MADAME BOVARY: HORIZONS OF AESTHETIC TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: LITVINENKO N.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the peculiarities of the poetics of Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary which occupies a central place in French novelism of the 1850s and is associated with the literary trends of the time in many ways. The article discusses the transformation of Balzac’s canon of realism, the differences in the artistic principles of depicting contemporary reality between Flaubert and such representatives of the school of realism as Chanfleury and Duranty; the proximity of certain elements of poetics of the novel and the portrayal of heroes to naturalism (the role of social motives, temperament and environment); the typological similarity of Flaubert with the principles of aestheticism of the Parnassian school. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of Flaubert’s realism, to the role of romantic motives and allusions, their ironic interpretation in the novel. Romantic traditions, even in their mass psychological refraction, retain their value semantics, contribute to the formation of a halo around Emma, typical to the eternal images of world literature. The semantics of Bovarism is opposed to the vulgarity of the commonness, at the same time almost coinciding with it. As a result, bovarism appears as a sociocultural analogue of such significant and large-scale phenomena of the 19th century culture as Byronism and Georgesandism. Transforming, rethinking the existing and emerging strategies of artistic writing, Flaubert in his novel creates an innovative, unique aesthetic synthesis, including the interaction of various literary trends, aesthetic impulses and ideas. The new non-romantic dual world arises on the basis of the contrast between the vulgarity of life and the artistic perfection of its embodiment, in that approaching the antitheses and antinomies of Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil .
ON THE NARRATOR IN MADAME BOVARY
Authors: TOLMATCHOFF Vasilii
Published: January 2022

The paper written in polemics with the truisms of the Soviet literary criticism (identification of Flaubert with his narrator in Madame Bovary , Flaubert’s critical realism etc.) analyses in full detail a figure of the narrator in this novel, his methods of self-presentation, motives of narration, narrative metamorphoses. A particular attention is given to analysis of the narrator’s “we”, “nous”, “madness” and to the related images of “lie”, “mask”, negative search for Absolute, the embodiment and symbol of which in the novel is death, non-being. In context of lie, the characters of the novel, in-cluding Homais, are not opposed to each other but are the continuation of the narrator’s projections as well as of Flaubert’s personal views on writing. The paper actualises intertextuality of the novel corresponded with images of Saint Anthony, Don Quixote, King Lear, Hamlet and also of quest, fulfilled in a tradition of some apothetical mysticism or gnosticism.
MAURICE LEBLANC - “GRANDSON OF FLAUBERT”?
Authors: Chekalov Kirill
Published: January 2022

Maurice Leblanc, Gustave Flaubert’s countryman, author of the famous series of novels and short stories about adventures of “gentleman-burglar” Arsène Lupin, from his youth had an interest in works of the author of Madame Bovary . The interest was shared by his sister Georgette Leblanc, a singer, actress and writer. This essay critically examins the early prose of Maurice Leblanc, its connections with the traditions of Flaubert and with typical for “fin de siècle” erotic prose of decadence. A special attention is paid to the novel A woman and its parallels and allusions to Madame Bovary . This essay shows the peculiarities of Leblanc’s description of Roune (against the background of a nagative perception of the city by Flaubert).
FLAUBERT’S HYPERTEXTS IN CHEKHOV’ WORKS (ON THE CONCEPT OF “CONSTRUCTIVE CRYPTO-PARODY”)
Authors: Kibalnik Sergei
Published: January 2022

The article addresses the hypertexts of Flaubert in Chekhov’s works. The hypertextuality in Chekhov’s story Duel (1891) is connected with Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary (1856), and is hybrid and optional. The story The Jumping Girl (1891) written shortly after, is already a fairly obvious hypertext of Flaubert’s novel: the scheme of the plot and the semantic of the original source is transformed to a much lesser extent. One more explicit hypertext of Flaubert’s A Simple Soul (1877) could be found in Chekhov’s late story Darling (1899). The article both describes and analyzes in all these texts (following R. Nazirov) a kind of “constructive crypto parody” which is not the parody on Flaubert’s works, but the polemical interpretation of them. Flaubert’s hypertexts in Chekhov’s prose bear a distinct imprint of the Russian classics with its “anti-individualistic” endency, on the one hand, and of Chekhov’s own artistic world based on overcoming Flaubert’s keen sense of the tragedy of life with sarcasm and laughter, on the other.
I.S. TURGENEV, A.A. BLOK, M.A. VOLOSHIN AND “THE LEGEND OF ST JULIAN THE HOSPITALIER” BY G. FLAUBERT
Authors: Logvinova Irina
Published: January 2022

Flaubert’s “The Legend of St Julian the Hospitable” was first translated into Russian by I.S. Turgenev, and more recently - in beginning of the 20th century - by M.A. Voloshin and A.A. Blok. The paper addresses Voloshin’s “Preface to the translation of Flaubert’s ‘The Legend of St Julian the Hospitable’”, which he wrote in polemics with Turgenev’s translation. The analysis of the reason of Voloshin’s interest in the text by Flaubert shows that “The legend of St Julian” attracted the poets of the Silver Age with its unusual content, peculiar mysticism and particular - Flauberian - style of presentation. Each of the writers who translated the legend tried to keep the balance between content and style as much as possible. The paper also raises the question of romantic tendencies in Flaubert’s novels on religious subjects.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among School-going Children of Age 1-5 years in Dharan, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Limbu Dhiren Subba , Shrestha Samana , Bantawa Kamana , Majhi Ramesh , Kharel Milan
Published: January 2022

Intestinal parasitic infections have been a major public health burden of developing countries, especially in children. Higher prevalence has been reported among school children, mostly in rural areas of Nepal where water, toilets, hygiene, and sanitation facilities are insufficient. This cross-sectional study was carried out from April to September 2019 to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school-going children1-5 years of Dharan, Nepal, and to assess the associated risk factors. Stool samples were collected in a clean, dry, screw-capped, and wide-mouthed plastic container, kept in an icebox, and transported to the laboratory. Data relating to different risk factors were collected from the parents of 116 participants using a structured questionnaire. The parasites were identified by using the direct wet mount method and formal-ether concentration method. Pearson’s chi-square test was carried out to establish associations between dependent and independent variables using SPSS version 20, and the test considered a greater than < 0.05% as statistically significant with a 95% confidence level. Out of the 116 stool samples, 9 (7.75%) tested positive for the parasitic infections in which 5 (55.5%) were protozoa and 4 (44.45%) were helminths. The prevalent parasites, were Entamoeba histolytica (23%), Hyamenolepis nana (22%), Giardia lamblia (11%), Hookworm (11%), Entamoeba coli (11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (11%), and Intestinal parasitic infections had a significant association with drinking water, bowel syndrome, bathing habit, toilet facility, and washing hands after toilets (p<0.05). Lack of toilets, poor hygiene, and unsafe drinking water were the main risk factors. Improved hygienic practices, safe drinking water, and the use of latrines could lower the rate of parasitic infections.
Intestinal Parasitosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Infected Patients from Dharan, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Arjun , Rai Kishor , Khanal Hemanta
Published: January 2022

Intestinal parasitic infestation reflects a health threat with patients living with HIV & Tu-berculosis (TB). Parasitic infections caused by protozoa and helminths are the most com-mon infections worldwide. The present study was done to find out the frequency of intes-tinal parasitosis among HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) patients of Dharan total of 53 samples (>15 years) from HIV seropositive patients and 28 samples (>20years) from TB patients were collected in a clean, dry and capped fitted container and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination for ova, cyst, adult parasites and or segments of parasites. Stool samples were fixed in a 10% formalin-ether solution. Sedimentation technique, with modified acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining method, was performed for opportunistic in-testinal parasites in both patients. Multi-parasitic infection was noted in the study. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was found to be 54 (66.67%). This result had shown that the participation of male patients was comparatively higher than female pa-tients. Out of 81 stool samples, 15 (27.78%) G. lamblia, 12(22.22%) E. histolytica, 12 (22.22%) Cryptosporidium parvum, 6 (11.11%), Isospora belli 4 (7.40%) Microspridium, 1(1.85%) Blastocystis hominis, 2(3.70%) and Taenia spp, 2(3.70%). To prevent this infec-tion appropriate health education should be given to the patients concerning disease trans-mission, antiparasitic therapy, personal hygiene, and safe drinking water.
Holter monitoring for assessment of possible paroxysmal atrial fibrillation as a cause in otherwise normal sinus rhythm patients with acute ischemic stroke: a hospital based study
Authors: Paudel Navaraj , Thapa Namrata , Kafle Ramchandra , Sapkota Subash , Maskey Abhishek
Published: January 2022

Background: Stroke/ cerebrovascular accidents are common and among the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Thromboembolism are also among the causes of ischemic strokes. Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation makes the difference in the management of ischemic strokes for long term as anticoagulation are given in these cases for prevention of further embolic events.

Methods: A prospective observational study was done from july 2019 to june 2021 for patients admitted for ischemic strokes who were otherwise found to have normal sinus rhythm. A 24 hour holter monitor was connected and analyzed for possible paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Baseline investigations including trans-thoracic echocardiography was done. Data were analyzed and results were sought.

Results: Out of 212 patients admitted for stroke, only 116 were eligible for the study. Male female ratio was 2:1. Ninety-four percent of patients had at least one or more risk factors: Smokers (74%) followed by Hypertensives (70%), Dyslipidemics (54%) and Diabetics (20%). Twenty-two percent of patients were found to have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. There was no gender difference between the occurrences of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Among the risk factors, smoking and hypertension were significantly associated with the occurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (P: 0.001 and 0.002 respectively) while other risk factors like diabetes and dyslipidemia had no significant association. There was significant association of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with mortality (P: 0.0013).

Conclusion: Patients who are in otherwise normal sinus rhythm in electrocardiography with ischemic cerebrovascular accidents may have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation as cause of event. Smoking and hypertensive patients are significantly associated with occurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and stroke and these patients are more likely to die than the patients having normal heart rhythm. Management of these patients definitely defer in terms of possible use of anticoagulants.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain and Electroencephalogram (EEG) in the Evaluation of New-Onset Seizures in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Pokharel BR , Upadhaya P , Sharma GR , Budathoki SJ , Maharjan AMS , Kharel G , Phuyal S
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Seizure is a common neurological condition with multiple etiological factors. This study aims to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Brain and electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis of new-onset seizures in the Nepalese population.
Methods: A total of 106 patients aged between 7 to 85 years of age with first onset seizure, who underwent MRI and EEG were enrolled in the study. The sensitivity of MRI and EEG for the diagnosis of seizure when used in combination was compared with that of MRI or EEG alone.
Results: Out of 106 patients, 58.5% (n=62) were males and 41.5% (n=44) were females. In 52.8% (n= 56) of the patients, there was epileptogenic lesion in MRI, and 39.6% (n=42) of the patients had an abnormal EEG. The combination of MRI with EEG was significantly better than either MRI or EEG alone in the diagnosis of seizures (p <0.001).
Conclusion: MRI and EEG are frequently used for the evaluation of seizures. MRI Brain when used in combination with EEG significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of seizures.
Funny turns in Young badminton player: A case of cerebellar infarction secondary to vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Shah Bhupendra , Manandhar Nawli , Paudel Raju
Published: January 2022

Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection is a rare cause of cerebellar infarction. Common presentations of cerebellar artery infarction are dizziness and ataxia. We are reporting a case of a 31-year-old male who presented with acute onset dizziness while playing badminton, who was diagnosed as cerebellar vermis infarction secondary to vertebral artery dissection.
Pseudocyst of Abdomen Presenting as a Huge Abdominal Mass after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report
Authors: Adhikari Suman , Bhandari Prabin , Karmacharya Balgopal , Yogi Nikunja
Published: January 2022

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a major surgical modality to relieve intracranial pressure in patients with hydrocephalus. Shunt obstruction and infection are the most common complications following shunt surgery whereas VP shunt-associated pseudocyst formation is a rare complication. These are the cystic space without the epithelial lining, filled with fluid around the distal tip of the catheter.

In this case report, we present you a 47-year-old male who underwent VP shunt placed a year back presented with huge abdominal swelling, headache, and weight loss. CT scan of the abdomen showed abdominal pseudocyst with the peritoneal end of the shunt within the cyst.

Though the exact mechanism is not known, abdominal adhesion, multiple revisions, obstruction, or dislodgement are thought to predispose to the formation of a pseudocyst.
Rola senatorów w sejmach Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Stroynowski Andrzej
Published: January 2022

During the three centuries of the functioning of the Sejm of the Commonwealth the role of the senators continued to change. Initially, they fulfilled chiefly the function of the royal council, predominantly advising the king and forcing through approval of decisions made at nobility sejmiks. At the same time, they constituted the second chamber of the Sejm, whose legislative rights were gradually reduced in the course of the Executionist (execution-of-the-law) Movement aimed at the emancipation of the nobility and represented primarily in the Chamber of Deputies. Already at that time strivings of the senators began to change by focusing on building up their position in the nobility-dominated provinces and declaring themselves defenders against the threat of royal absolutism. As a result, the involvement of the senators in the work conducted by the seventeenth-century Sejm diminished, a process expressed in low attendance and negligible fulfilment of the duties of presenting wota (opinions and commentaries), the work performed by resident senators, and taking part in Senate councils. Not until the King Stanisław Augustus era did the Sejm revive and the role played by the senators grow. The senators now gained influence upon the then established Permanent Council, via which they could control the executive and jurisdiction. Moreover, they became the support of royal-ambassadorial rule. By the time of the Four-Year Sejm their position collapsed in the face of rising patriotic and republican attitudes in the Chamber of Deputies. As a result, it was decided to radically limit the number of senators and their impact upon legislative activity, a resolution upheld also by the last Sejm held in Grodno. These resolutions, which to a great extent limited the role played by the senators, did not come into force.
Działalność ustawodawcza wolnych sejmów w czasach Rady Nieustającej (1778–1786)
Authors: Filipczak Witold
Published: January 2022

The author discusses the legal framework of the legislative activity of ‘free’ (that is, not confederated) Sejms. He discusses parliamentary practice between 1778 and 1786 after a thorough analysis of the king’s legislative initiative with special emphasis on proposals submitted by the throne, and the role played by the Permanent Council in drafting laws. The author argues that numerous bills drafted by envoys had little impact on the results of Sejms because after the election and control of the executive authorities ended, there was no time to examine the drafts. Sejm decisions could be divided into two categories: a) decisions made before the separation of two chambers – concerning elections (of executive and judiciary authorities) and vote of acceptance for the Permanent Council; and b) legislative decisions made during further proceedings, with a special subcategory in the form of provisions related to the control over executive powers. The author also provides a quantitative analysis of legislative output between 1778 and 1786.
CULTIVABLE LAND WATER SUPPLY AND A PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS YIELD
Authors: Solomon Pavliashvili  , Gubeladze David
Published: January 2022

The maximum use of the potential of Georgia's agriculture and the targeted use of natural resources is vital for the development of the sectoral economy. The main guarantee of achieving a positive result for the country is the implementation of a clearly defined, effective agricultural policy aimed at competitive production, assistance in attracting financial resources, and encouragement of agricultural activities, conducting agrotechnical measures during the growing season of agricultural crops and determining the norms and terms of irrigation.
Improving the quality and safety of dairy products by implementing a management system
Authors:   Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin» Omsk, Russian Federation, Jurk Natalia A.
Published: January 2022

In order to achieve a certain level of food production, it is necessary to manage its quality and safety. Currently, the quality management system based on the principles of HACCP is widely recognized and is the only method for ensuring food security in all developed countries. The ultimate goal of this system is to eliminate or reduce any food safety risks by preventing them. During the research, the main, auxiliary raw materials and the finished product were identified; flowcharts for the production of an enriched whey drink were developed. On the basis of the developed block diagrams, an analysis of microbiological, chemical, physical and qualitative hazards was carried out, it was determined which of the hazardous factors are the most critical, can harm health and must be eliminated or reduced to acceptable levels. Based on the analysis of significant hazards using the Decision Tree algorithm, two critical control points (pasteurization and cooling) were established. Measures for the management of critical control points are established in the HACCP plan, which reflects all CCPs of the production process of the research object and actions for monitoring and managing them. The introduction of elements of a food safety management system into practice contributes to the production of safe products of appropriate quality in compliance with applicable requirements and standards.
Mechanisms of strategic management of innovative, investment and competitive development of agricultural enterprises
Authors:   Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy”, Moscow, Russia, Litvinenko Dmitriy B. , Dmitriev Anton G. ,   Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy”, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article was to substantiate the conceptual foundations for constructing a synthesized organizational and economic mechanism for managing the competitiveness potential on an innovative and investment basis, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the investment mechanism for managing agricultural enterprises as a whole. The article deals with the mobilization of the resource potential of agricultural enterprises in creating competitive advantages; the essence of the investment mechanism is revealed, internal and external factors affecting the investment mechanism are considered. The components of investment mechanisms for the formation of the resource potential of agricultural enterprises are considered, and the synthesized organizational and economic mechanism for managing innovation and investment activities and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises is highlighted.
Dynamics of gross harvest of nuts in the world and in the main producing countries
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Mukhametzyanov Rafail R. , Platonovskiy Nikolay G. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Arzamastseva Natalia V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Ivantsova Natalia N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Vasileva Elena N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – MSKhA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

In most food classifications, nuts are usually included in the fruit and berry group. In this scientific article, we examined the issue of the production of tree nuts in the world as a whole, and in the countries that are the main producers of this type of plant products. This term was borrowed from the terminology of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, originally referred to as “Treenuts”. This group does not include all fruits that we, in our traditional understanding, classify as nuts. In particular, it does not include peanuts (groundnut) and coconuts. In the course of the study, we identified that during 1961-2019 the volume of world production of tree nuts increased by 6.68 times, while the “Fruit, Total” group increased by 4.34 times, and that of peanuts and coconut by 3.45 times and 2.63 times, respectively. However, the gross harvest of tree nuts is significantly inferior to most of the types of fresh fruit and berry products obtained. In the structure of their global production in 2019, walnuts were in the first position (25.75%), in the second - cashew nuts (22.67%), in the third - almonds (20.02%). In the context of the main countries-producers of tree nuts, the five leaders include such states as China (27.03%), USA (17.40%), Turkey (7.51%), Iran (4.90%), Cat- d’Ivoire (4.60%). In general, the importance of tree nuts in both production and consumption is increasing. For producing countries, their cultivation and supply to international trade is one of the sources of employment for part of the population and obtaining foreign exchange earnings, and in the countries importing them, the population gets the opportunity to diversify their diet with useful food products throughout the entire calendar year.
ÇİN: YENİ BÜYÜK GÜÇ VE DEĞİŞEN DÜNYA DENGELERİ, FATİH OKTAY, TÜRKİYE İŞ BANKASI KÜLTÜR YAYINLARI, İSTANBUL, 2020, 4. BASIM, S.694 ISBN: 978-605-295-105-7
Authors: TOKATLI Seda Gozde
Published: January 2022

Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları tarafından yayınlanan Fatih Oktay imzalı ‘’Çin: Yeni Büyük Güç ve Değişen Dünya Dengeleri’’ isimli bu eser Çin’in ekonomik, politik, teknolojik, askeri ve kültürel alanlarda yaşadığı dönüşümü ve yenidünya düzeni içerisindeki artan önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Çin ile ilgili temel anlayışı kazandırmak amacıyla kitap içeriğinde yer alan bağımsız bölümler ders niteliğinden daha çok bir kurgu çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Çin’in yenidünya düzeni içerisindeki artan etkisini anlamak amacıyla ekonomik yapı, politik sistem, toplumsal düzen, kültür ve tarihi ile ilgili detaylı bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Yazar, Çin’in sistem içerisinde artan etkisine rağmen bu alanda Türkçe kaynağın yok denecek kadar az olmasını, mevcut İngilizce ders kitaplarının güncel olmamasını ve birçok popüler kitabın başlığa ve kendi amacına hizmet ettiği yönünde eleştirelde bulunmaktadır. Bu kitap da yazar, Çin’in yönetim yapısı, ulusal tasarruflar, büyüme hızı, ortak gelir kapanı, nüfus yapısındaki değişiklikler ve ekonomik yapılanma paketlerinin gelişmekte olan ülkelerin gelişim süreçlerine önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünmektedir. Değişen dünya dengeleri içerisinde Çin’in küresel yapı içerisinde yeri, küresel yönetişim üzerindeki rolü ve mevcut sistem içerisinde yarattığı tehdit algısı gibi soruların cevabını bu kitap içerisinde bulmak mümkündür. Bu kitap içerisinde toplam on beş bölüm bulunmaktadır. Bu eser içerisinde başlıkların içeriğini oluşturan alt başlıklarda yer almaktadır.
GRİMM MASALLARININ İÇERDİĞİ DEĞERLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YORULMAZ Bilal , KORKMAZ Nurcan
Published: January 2022

İnsanın değerler dünyası, hayatı boyunca yaşadığı tecrübelerle şekillenmektedir. Her ne kadar ileriki yaşlarda insanın değerleri dönüşüme uğrasa da değerler eğitimi için en kritik dönem hayatın ilk yıllarıdır. Bu dönemde anne babanın modelliği, nasihatleri, yönlendirmeleri kadar masalların da önemli bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizde ve dünyada çocuklar tarafından en bilinen masalların başında Grimm masalları gelmektedir. Bu nedenle çocukların değerlerle ilk karşılaştığı materyallerden biri olan Grimm masallarının olumlu ve olumsuz yönleriyle incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Grimm masallarında hangi olumlu ve olumsuz unsurların ne sıklıkta yer aldığını belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma veri toplama yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Grimm Kardeşlerin masallarından 51’i örneklem olarak alınmış ve ele alınan masallar içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. İncelenen masallarda 341 olumlu değere karşın 469 olumsuz unsur yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Grimm masallarında en sık yer alan olumlu değerler sırasıyla sevgi, yardımseverlik, şefkat, iyilik yapmak, dostluk, sadakat, adalet, cesaret, nezaket ve dürüstlük iken, en az rastlanan değerler sabır, özveri, özdenetim, vefa, alçakgönüllülük, hoşgörü, cömertlik, sorumluluk, saygı, çalışkanlık ve dayanışmadır. En sık rastlanan olumsuz unsurlar sırasıyla şiddet, zararlı alışkanlıklar (sigara ve alkol kullanımı), yalan, kötülük, hilekârlık, hakaret, açgözlülük, hırsızlık, çıkarcılık, intikam ve kibir iken en az rastlanan olumsuz unsurlar sabırsızlık, nefret, intihar, cimrilik ve kıskançlıktır.
Ustalenie granicy polsko-sowieckiej – w 100. rocznicę delimitacji granicy ryskiej
Authors: Łach Halina
Published: January 2022

The end of World War I brought the issue of the borders of the reborn Poland on the agenda. Their shaping was a long and dramatic process. Among the numerous disputes and conflicts, the Polish-Russian war occupies a special place. Its effect was the defense of the reborn state and the establishment of the eastern border of Poland. The war began in February 1919. However, it ended with the signing of the preliminary treaty on October 12, 1920, and the peace treaty on March 18, 1921 in Riga. The peace treaty eliminated the state of war and established the border line between Poland and Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its precise delimitation in the field and placing border marks on it was carried out by a special mixed border commission consisting of two delegations - Polish and Russian-Ukrainian-Belarusian. The content of this article is an attempt to look at one of the most important events in the modern history of Poland from the perspective of 100 years, which was the establishment and guidelines of the eastern border of Poland by a mixed border commission. The aim of the paper is to present the work of the committees which took place in an atmosphere of constant dispute and conflicts between representatives of the delegations of both countries. Both parties repeatedly threatened to terminate or suspend the works. Due to the volume framework, it is not possible to fully characterize the archival sources and the published publications. It could be a topic of a separate study. I hope that the bibliography attached to the article will help to provide a thorough and comprehensive presentation of the topic.
Язык государствообразующего народа. Об одной поправке к российской конституции в контексте мифологической функции законодательного текста
Authors: Sadowski Jakub
Published: January 2022

In the conditions of a rule-of-law state, the Constitution is the main reference point of its legal system, while in the realities of modern society living in a state governed by the rule of law, it may also have significant symbolic functions. The new wording of Article 68 of the Russian Constitution, proposed in the law of 2020 on the amendment to the Constitution, defines the state language – Russian – as "the language of the state-forming nation belonging to the multinational union of equal nations of the Russian Federation". In this article, this term is analyzed as evidence of the strategy to impose mythological functions on the legislative text. In case of the concept of "Russian language", this strategy manifested itself already in 2005 in the federal law on the State language, which established the status of the Russian language as a tool to "strengthen inter-ethnic relations in a unified multi-ethnic State". The law on the amendment of the Russian Constitution goes beyond the very introduction of mythological components into the legal text and presents a strategy to legitimize mythology through an act of general vote.
Polska w Układzie Warszawskim – realizacja zobowiązań
Authors: Kajetanowicz Jerzy
Published: January 2022

The Warsaw Pact created in 1955 for almost 40 years played an important role in maintaining international security. Poland, due to its military and economic potential, was the second largest member of this alliance. For this reason, it sought to ensure a real impact on its functioning, which was reflected in its active participation in the implementation of the provisions of the agreement on the political, military and economic levels. Poland's political activity was expressed in numerous initiatives to ensure peace and in active participation in international cooperation. Military commitments were implemented through the preparation of modern operational troops, from which a strategic and operational union was created in the form of a Maritime Front, ready to act as part of the United Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact throughout the period of membership in this alliance. In turn, economic cooperation was manifested in close cooperation in the production of various weapon systems and military equipment, as well as the development of defense infrastructure for both own needs and allies.
Iosif Brodski i Nikołaj Rubcow – o tożsamościowych kontekstach dwóch wierszy
Authors: Fast Piotr
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with two poems: “Ты поскачешь во мраке…” by Joseph Brodsky, and “Я буду скакать по следам задремавшей отчизны…” by Nikolay Rubtsov. Analyzing some features of these poems and comparing similarities in both poets’ biographies, the author states the significant difference between them. Rubtsov, in his opinion, has an identity typical for pre-modern subjectivity. It is conventional, stereotypical, and conservative, full of faith in idealized old Russian values. Brodsky’s self-defining is in this aspect close to late modernity. It is liquid, all the time in movement, never convinced about self-identity.
Parnicki a Rosja. Rekonesans
Authors: Gorliński-Kucik Piotr
Published: January 2022

The article considers issue of the connections between Teodor Parnicki, the Polish author of historical novels, and Russia. His attitude has its origins in biographical experiences. Knowledge of Russian culture is evident especially in the early work of Parnicki, and above all – in literary criticism of the interwar period. Careful reading shows that the sketches and reviews are a conservative critical project, the subject of which is Soviet social and cultural policy and communism in general. This article also complements the current state of research (who did not address this issue), while being a contribution to further research.
Prescription d’un arrêt de travail en médecine d’urgence
Authors: Joly L.-M. , Roussel M. , Verin N. , Buvat V. , Gehanno J.-F. , Lvovschi V.
Published: January 2022

La prescription d’un arrêt de travail (AT) est un acte médical qui concerne les salariés atteints d’une maladie (on parle alors d’arrêt-maladie) ou à la suite d’un accident (d’origine professionnelle ou non). Il s’agit de permettre au salarié de cesser son travail quand celui-ci est incompatible avec son état de santé, tout en lui maintenant des revenus financiers. Les urgentistes ne sont normalement amenés à effectuer que des AT initiaux ; ils ne sont pas concernés si le patient est hospitalisé ou opéré. L’AT doit être prescrit à sa juste durée en fonction de la maladie ou des lésions, et des caractéristiques du travail : suffisamment long pour que l’état de santé du salarié soit compatible avec la reprise du travail ; mais sans excès puisque l’argent qui est versé au salarié fait appel à la solidarité nationale par le biais de l’assurance maladie. En l’absence de complication, la durée prescrite doit permettre au salarié de revenir au travail sans visite supplémentaire chez son médecin traitant. L’estimation de la durée optimale d’un AT doit reposer sur la pathologie en cause, sur son expression symptomatique plus ou moins sévère, sur le terrain du patient, et sur les contraintes physiques liées à sa pratique professionnelle. Deux fiches élaborées avec l’assurance maladie sont présentées pour guider l’urgentiste dans le choix de la durée, l’une pour des urgences médicales fréquentes, l’autre pour des urgences traumatologiques non chirurgicales.
Exercice infirmier : place de la formation douleur
Authors: Thibault P.
Published: January 2022

La formation des professionnels de santé, en particulier médecins et infirmiers, est un point crucial pour l’amélioration de la prise en charge des patients, de la prévention de la douleur aiguë au suivi des patients douloureux chroniques. Cet article a pour objectif de faire le point sur l’état des lieux de la formation, en particulier pour les infirmiers et aides-soignants, et de faire des propositions tant dans le domaine de la formation initiale et continue des professionnels infirmiers que dans celui de la formalisation de la formation des infirmiers ressource douleur, professionnels experts dans le champ de la douleur, dont l’expertise n’est à ce jour pas reconnue.
Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles and Curcumin Improved Sperm Parameters in Rats with Scrotal Hyperthermia
Authors: Mollaei Maryam , Hashemi Mehrdad , Siasi Elham , Marandi Sayeh Jafari , Entezari Malihe
Published: January 2022

Background: Testicular function depends on temperature, and it has been shown that scrotal hyperthermia causes a sharp decrease in sperm parameters due to oxidative stress. In recent years, the use of natural materials from the plant and nanoparticles has attracted much attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on sperm parameters in rats. Materials and Methods: After preparing the rats, they were placed in a hot water bath at 43°C for 30 minutes for six consecutive days. The 48 rats were then divided into eight groups. A concentration of 0.03 mg/kg body weight magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles and curcumin at the concentration of 0.02 mg/kg body weight were used. After killing animals, the semen parameters such as viability, concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm were studied. Results: Significant differences were observed in all groups of rats in terms of semen parameters (P<0.001). The results showed a positive effect of curcumin on improving semen parameters in scrotal hyperthermia rats and a negative and toxic effect of Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. However, significant improvement in sperm parameters was observed when Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles were given to rats along with curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin has a positive and significant effect on improving sperm parameters in scrotal hyperthermia conditions. Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles, if co-administered with curcumin, can significantly improve sperm parameters. In this regard, green synthesis of nanoparticles and concomitant administration of antioxidants such as curcumin in scrotal hyperthermia conditions is recommended. [GMJ.2021;10:e2014]
Investigating the Relationship Between the Expression Level of Mucin Gene Cluster (MUC2, MUC5A, and MUC5B) and Clinicopathological Characterization of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Iranmanesh Hossein , Majd Ahmad , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan , Zali Mohammad Reza , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: January 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and has a high mortality rate. It is accepted that dysfunction in the expression of mucins are associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression of MUC2, MUC5A, and MUC5B genes in CRC and their relationship with clinicopathological variables. Materials and Methods: The population included 28 patients after a colonoscopy and confirmation of the results. Tumors and parallel adjacent normal tissues from CRC patients were collected. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using the corresponding kits. The gene primer was designed and RT-PCR was used to evaluate gene expression. The t-test and ANOVA were used to examine the differences between the different groups. Data analysis was performed using Prism8 software. Tumors from CRC patients were retrospectively collected from Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Results: The results showed that the expression of MUC2, MUC5A, and MUC5B genes was lower in patients with CRC aged 50 years or younger than was in older patients (P<0.05). Only the MUC5B gene expression was associated with tumor grades, which was higher in poorly differentiated tumors. The expression of MUC5A and MUC2 genes was higher in stage IV of the tumor than in other stages (P<0.05). Conclusion: Among the changes in the expression of MUC secretory genes, including MUC2, MUC5A, and MUC5B and clinicopathological variables, there was a relationship that could have prognostic and diagnostic value in CRC. [GMJ.2021;10:e2030]
Curcumin Along With Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Improved Sperm Parameters In Rats With Testicular Ischemia
Authors: Zarei Moradi Shabnam , Angaji Seyed Abdolhamid , Salehi Mitra , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: January 2022

Background: Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) in testicular tissue is one reason for the worldwide increase in male infertility. In the present study, we assessed the effects of curcumin and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on sperm parameters in rats with I/R damage. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult male rats were divided into two groups (n=24 per group): control and torsion/detorsion. The control and torsion/detorsion groups were divided into four subgroups include sham, Fe3O4 NPs, curcumin, and Fe3O4 NPs+curcumin. After the rats were sacrificed, semen was collected from their epididymal tissues to assess sperm viability, motility, concentration, and morphology. Results: Curcumin significantly improved viability, motility, and normal sperm morphology in rats with I/R damage compared to the control group; however, it did not have a significant effect on sperm concentration (P<0.001). Fe3O4 NPs alone decreased all sperm parameters in the control and I/R rats (P<0.001). However, concomitant administration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with curcumin significantly improved sperm parameters in rats with I/R damage (P<0.001). Conclusion: The increase in all semen parameters in the experimental groups with concomitant use of Fe3O4 NPs plus curcumin indicated that green synthesis of NPs could be recommended for future clinical studies.
Prevalence of JAK2V617F, CALR in Philadelphia Positive and Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Abedi Elham , Karimi Mehran , Cohan Nader , Haghpanah Sezaneh , Yaghobi Ramin , Azarpira Negar , Moghadam Mohamad , Bayat Elahe , Farokhian Farnoush , Mohammadi Hamid , Razmara lak Elahe , Golafshan Habib allah , Ramzi Mani
Published: January 2022

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are heterogeneous disorders with a variety of genetic abnormalities. We aim to assess the prevalence of Calreticulin (CALR) and JAK2 mutations in Iranian MPNs. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, CALR and JAK2 mutations among 130 MPNs patients, including 78 Philadelphia chromosome-negative (MPN-) and 52 Philadelphia chromosome-positive (MPN+) as well as 51 healthy control subjects, were investigated by GAP-PCR. Results: In MPN- group JAK2 and CALR gene mutations were found in 64.1% and 7.7%, respectively, that 5.1% were positive for both mutations, and 2.6% had only CALR mutation. In polycythemia vera (PV) patients 90% had JAK2 mutation, which was significantly higher than other MPN- or MPN+ patients. Most of the MPN+ patients had neither mutation in CALR nor JAK2 (70% CALR-/JAK2-). Among all patients’ groups, the prevalence of CALR+ mutation in either rs1450785140 (4 cases) or rs765476509 (5 cases) position was not statistically different. Conclusion: These results showed a low prevalence of CALR mutations in all types of MPNs in the Iranian population that its frequency may influence by ethnicity and genetic diversity. CALR mutation may be seen in JAK2 negative cases, also. The PV had the highest JAK2 mutation with a 90 percent positivity rate among MPNs cases. [GMJ.2021;10:e2127]
Effect of S14161 Small Molecule and Glaucium Flavum Extract on A549 Cancer Cells
Authors: Kalantari Mahshad , Entezari Maliheh , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Movafagh Abolfazl , Hushmandi Kiavash
Published: January 2022

Background: Lung cancer is the fifth most common cancer in Iran. Due to the side effects of common cancer treatments, everyone has turned to herbal remedies and new treatments. This study aimed to compare the effect of S14161 small molecule and Glaucium flavum extract on the induction of apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the A549 cell line was treated with different concentrations of G. flavum and S14161 on days 1, 3, and 5. Also, half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) for both G. flavum and S14161 were measured. In addition, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to investigate the effects of S14161 and G. flavum extract on the expressions level of Bax, Bad, P53, and Bcl2 genes. Results: Results showed that both the combination of S14161 and G. flavum extract resulted in cell death and reduced cancer cell viability. Nevertheless, the viability rate was greater by S14161, and this small molecule significantly increased the expression of Bax, P53, and Bad apoptotic genes and decreased the expression of the Bcl2 gene, which shows the induced apoptotic death and lethal effect of S14161 in comparison with G. flavum extract. Conclusion: Our study showed that S14161 had fewer IC50 and caused cell death by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, and G. flavum caused cancer cell death due to its alkaloid compounds. Therefore, both compounds are recommended as drug candidates for the treatment of lung cancer.
Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy As an Initial Presentation of Glomus Jugulare Tumor in Patient with Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ghorbani Askar , Ostovan Vahid Reza
Published: January 2022

Background: Glomus jugulare tumor is a rare, slow-growing, hyper-vascular paraganglioma that originates from the neural crest derivatives in the wall of the jugular bulb. The most common clinical manifestations of glomus jugulare are pulsatile tinnitus, conductive hearing loss, and hoarseness due to its vascularity and invasion of surrounding structures. Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy as a presenting feature of the glomus jugulare is very rare. Case Report: We report a 61-year-old woman with a past medical history of breast cancer and diabetic mellitus presenting with progressive difficulty handling food in her mouth and tongue atrophy. Investigations showed skull base lesion and solitary pulmonary nodule. Further work-up led to glomus jugulare and benign solitary pulmonary fibrous tumor diagnosis, although the first impression was metastatic involvement of the jugular foramen. Endovascular embolization of the glomus jugulare was performed, but the patient refused any open surgery due to co-morbidities and the risk of operation. She had no new symptoms at the one-year follow-up, and the size of the lesion became more minor on the follow-up imaging relative to the baseline. Conclusion: Glomus jugulare tumors should be considered and surveyed in the diagnostic work-up of patients with hypoglossal nerve palsy. [GMJ.2021;10:e2222]
Simultaneous Treatment with P53 Overexpression and Interferon γ Exerts a Dramatic Increase in Apoptosis Induction of U87 Cells
Authors: Abbasy Zahra , Zaferani Arani Hamid , Ale-Ebrahim Mahsa , Moodi Vihan , Nematian Javad , Barati Mojdeh , Shafaie Saba , Madjid Ansari Alireza , Hashemi Atousa , Davoodi Poorya , Javidi Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2022

Background: Gliomas possess low immunogenicity, which is an inevitable hinder in front of cancer immunotherapy. Different interferons (IFNs) may proceed apoptosis instead in p53-dependent or independent pathways. P53 induces the anti-inflammatory programmed cell death in cancer cells; on the other hand, IFN gamma (IFNγ) is a modulatory/pro-inflammatory cytokine. There are contradictory reports of whether this cytokine can possess an anti- or pro-cancerous impact on tumors. Hence, we aimed to investigate the possible cooperative apoptotic effect of the P53 and IFNγ over expressions on the U87 glioblastoma cell line. Materials and Methods: The P53 expressing vector was amplified by Escherichia coli BL21. This vector was confirmed by the aid of sequencing. At the next step, U87 cells were transfected using lipofectamine. Cells were treated with P53 vector and/or IFNγ. The type of cellular death investigated by flow cytometry and the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 protein was also precisely demonstrated by western blotting. Results: Sequencing results revealed that inserted P53 was identical with human P53. Western blot results revealed that both IFNγ and P53 overexpression could up-regulate cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in this cell line. Interestingly, flow cytometry data determined that concurrent treatment with P53 exogenous overexpression and IFNγ induces about 70% apoptosis in U87; more than the sum of cell death occurs after IFNγ or P53 overexpression alone (~18%+21%=39%). Conclusion: The present study results showed that p53-overexpression and IFNγ could ultimately induce up-regulation of the caspase-3 and ultimately significant apoptosis increasing in the U87 cell line. Although IFNγ is believed to be a pro-inflammatory cytokine and P53 is an anti-inflammatory agent, our results demonstrated that they could act synergistically to induce apoptosis in U87 cells. [GMJ.2021;10:e2270]