bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for Usability of Point Samples of the Soil Protection Information and Monitoring System
Authors: Várallyai László , Kovács Béla , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: March 2015

The Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System (SIM) covers the whole country and provides opportunity to create similar information systems for the natural resources (atmosphere, supply of water, flora, biological resources etc). The aim of the SIM is to relate these databases. The SIM territorial measuring grid consists of 1236 measuring points with 21 elements content in Hungary. These points are representatives. Distribution of the points represents the variety of soil types of the country. The SIM is the essential basis of rational agri-environmental management and at the same time is an integrated unit of the environmental diagnosis of soils. Our aim is to develope a statistically based information system from data of the measured SIM points. We developed a method for estimating element content. To determine the concentration of the elements, need only the GPS co-ordinates of the place based on the number of the nearest neighbouring points. This method does not calculate with spatial circumstances. The other possibility is using the kriging method (spatial interpolation) for estimating more precisely the element content. In this study these two methods are compared. After building our statistical based information system we can develop an Internet-based service that makes it possible to reach the objectives through arranging the results of analyses into a database. Based on available data, the developed Internet-based service makes it possible to estimate element content at a certain diagnostic point with some statistical errors. It can also be applied in analyzing effects of environmental pollution.
Training resources and e-Government services for rural SMEs: the rural inclusion platform
Authors: Karamolegkos Pantelis , Maroudas Axel , Manouselis Nikos
Published: March 2015

Rural Inclusion, a project supported by the Information and Communication Technologies Policy Support Programme of the European Commission, aims to adopt, adapt, and deploy a Web infrastructure, in rural settings, combining semantics with a collaborative training and networking approach, offering e-Government services that will be supported by a rigorous and reusable service process analysis and modeling, and facilitating the disambiguation of the small businesses needs and requirements when trying to carry out the particular transactions. This paper, presents an overview of the architecture of RuralObservatory2.0 which will play the critical role of training content and eGovernment services repository of the overall Rural Inclusion platform.
Az e-Learning bevezetésének tapasztalatai az MGSZH-ban – egy pilot eredményei
Authors: Vörös Zsuzsanna , Lukácsné Veres Edina
Published: March 2015

Az Mez?gazdasági Szakigazgatási Hivatal sokrét? feladatát Központja és területi szervei útján látja el. Munkájának magas színvonalon való végzéséhez jól és folyamatosan képzett szakembergárda szükséges, vagyis a Hivatal központi és területi szerveinél dolgozó több ezer munkatársat folyamatosan képezni kell. A hagyományos képzési formák mellett, azokra épülve, szükség volt egy olyan távoktatási rendszer megvalósítására, mely széleskör?, multimédiás alapokon nyugvó távoktatási megoldást biztosít az MgSzH valamennyi – az ország különböz? pontján dolgozó, különböz? területeket ellátó - munkatársa számára. A publikációnkban bemutatjuk, hogyan valósult meg az MgSzH Távoktatási Keretrendszerén belül az e-Learning oktatás. A pilot 5 kurzusa nagyon jó eredménnyel zajlott le, a képzésben résztvev? 200 munkatárs mind a vizsgaeredményeiben (átlagban 84-91%), mind az elégedettségi kérd?ívben megadott értékelésekben bizonyították az MGSZH-ban e képzés jogosultságát. Mindemellett sok finomításra van még szükség, hogy a feln?ttoktatás speciális igényeihez igazítva a módszer jól alkalmazható legyen.
Klímaváltozás hatásai fenológiai folyamatokra
Authors: Dede Lilla
Published: March 2015

A klímaváltozás hatással van a fenofázisok id?pontjára. Modellek és adatok elemzésével bemutatható, hogy klíma változásával a növények fejl?dési üteme is változik. A h?mérséklet növekedése hatására a fenofázisok az évr?l évre korábbi id?pontra tolódhatnak. Azonban nem csak a h?mérséklet hat a fenofázisra, hanem egyéb meteorológiai tényez?k is. Stratégiai modellezéssel a klímaváltozás lehetséges következményeinek a bemutatása a jelen munka célja, amelyhez 140 éves h?mérsékleti adatsort használtam fel. Az ELTE Botanikus Kertjének Geofiton Fenológiai Adatbázisa alapján 24 meteorológiai tényez? hatását a vizsgált növények fenofázisa, - így az els? bimbó megjelenése, a virágzás kezdete és a virágzás vége - idejére, valamint a regressziós modellekkel jellemeztem a meteorológiai tényez?k és a fenofázisok bekövetkezése közötti kapcsolatokat. Megállapítottam, hogy a h?mérséklet emelkedése különféleképpen befolyásolja az „elméleti ökoszisztéma fajok” kiválasztott fenofázisának id?pontját. Kimutattam, hogy a hagymás-gumós növények fejl?désére leginkább a h?mérséklet napi ingadozása, valamint a fagyos napok száma hat jelent?sen.
Impact Assessment Of Mitigation Strategies In The Hungarian Agriculture
Authors: Molnar Sandor , Molnar Mark , Csabragi Anita
Published: March 2015

In this paper we assess the domestic mitigation options to mitigate emissions from the agriculture with special regards to potential renewable utilisation based on a UNFCCC assessment’s results. We show that the condition of sustainable long-term production is the establishment and introduction of low-emission production processes .
High resolution vegetation assessment with beta-diversity – a moving window approach
Authors: Bartha Sandor , Zimmermann Zita , Horváth András , Szentes Szilárd , Sutyinszki Zsuzsanna , Szabó Gábor , Házi Judit , Komoly Cecília , Penksza Károly
Published: March 2015

Monitoring designs are often suffering from the inherent non-stationarity of the monitored systems. To overcome this limition, we propose a sampling designs based on high resolution mapping and spatial analyses with double spatial scaling process. Applying for vegetation, we record the presence of plant species along 26 m or 52 m long belt transects of 520 (or 1040) units of 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm contiguous microquadrats. Beta diversity (represented as the diversity of species combinations) is estimated by subsequent computerised samplings from the baseline transect data sets. Beta diversity is scaled with changing resolutions across a range of scales from 5 cm x 5 cm to 5 cm x 500 cm. Second, it is also scaled using moving window. Local maximum of beta diversity is repeatedly calculated in 5 m extent observational windows shifted along the transect with 1 m lag, and the spatial variability of vegetation is visualized by the related beta-diversity profile. Using field example, we demonstrate that beta diversity, when applied with our methodology, is a sensitive indicator, and it can reveal more information than alpha or gamma diversity.
Az EgerFood élelmiszerbiztonsági nyomkövet? rendszer informatikai megoldásai
Authors: Kusper Gábor , Radványi Tibor
Published: March 2015

A cikkben bemutatjuk az Eszterházy Károly F?iskolán megalakult Regionális Tudásközpontban kutatott és kialakított EgerFood élelmiszer-biztonsági nyomkövet? rendszert. A felhasznált informatikai megoldásokat már bemutattuk egy-egy konferencián. Ebben a cikkben áttekintjük az informatikai rendszert, annak feladatait és eredményeit, azzal a céllal, hogy hasonló nyomkövetési rendszerek példaként tudják használni. Az EgerFood rendszer célja egy olyan fogyasztó-központú rendszer kiépítése, mely gyors és költséghatékony információhoz juttatja a fogyasztókat, az élelmiszer termel?ket és az érintett hatóságokat egy-egy élelmiszerr?l, mindezt magas fokú adatbiztonság garantálása mellett. A kialakított információs rendszer már a projektben résztvev? cégek telephelyein is minimum kétréteg? architektúra, ami VPN kapcsolaton keresztül kapcsolódik a központi kommunikációs szerveren keresztül a központi adattárházhoz. Bemutatjuk, hogy az adatok keletkezési helyét?l kiindulva, hogyan biztosítjuk a megfelel? szint? titkosítást és adatbiztonságot a helyi puffer-szerverekig, majd onnan a kommunikációs szerveren keresztül az adattárházig. Az adatok feltöltése mellett biztosítottuk az adat visszakeresés biztonságát is.
Dissemination of research and development results on agricultural informatics
Authors: Herdon Miklós , Rózsa Tünde , Szilágyi Róbert , Lengyel Péter
Published: March 2015

The information flows and relations in agri-industry are very complex if we consider the institutes, industrial and commercial companies, banks, governmental organizations, which are related to this sector. The higher education and research institutions play very important rule in research on ICT. In the innovation systems several actors are seen as relevant to agricultural innovation, including agricultural entrepreneurs, researchers, consultants, policy makers, supplier and processing industries, retail and customers. Forces at play in today's economic and social environment create a need for greater communication and cooperation among specialists in value-added partnerships. The Hungarian Association of Agricultural Informatics has been implemented „The dissemination of research and development on innovative information technologies in agriculture” project, which was a part of the Social Renewal Operational Program, New Hungary Development Plan. Within this national program the project helped the diffusion of R&D research results on ICT in agriculture. A scientific journal and an online portal have been implemented in the project. This article describes the main objectives, developments and tasks which were solved and the main results of the project.
Infokommunikációs technológiák használata Magyarország Észak-Alföldi régiójának agrár kis- és középvállalkozásaiban
Authors: Pentek Adam , Botos Szilvia , Cseh András
Published: March 2015

Az IKT technológiák az élet minden területén jelen vannak és a vállalkozások fontos termel? er?forrásaivá váltak. Ebb?l a szempontból a KKV-k helyzete nehéz, hiszen ezen technológiák alkalmazása nem éri el a kívánatos szintet sem Magyarországon, sem az Európai unióban. A tanulmányban egy, a 2010 nyarán készült felmérés eredményeit mutatjuk be, amely az Észak-Alföldi régió elektronikus üzletviteli aktivitását méri. Ezt követ?en a KKV-k helyzetét és gazdasági szerepét ismertetjük a kiválasztott régióban, majd az adaptációs képességét vizsgáljuk meg. A felmérés menetét ismertetjük általánosan. Az összegy?jtött adatok alapján végrehajtott klaszterelemzés segítségével pedig arra a kérdésre keressük a választ, hogy a megkérdezett célcsoport milyen üzleti akció során milyen elektronikus üzletmenetet mennyire tart hasznosnak. A mez?gazdasági szektorban a kommunikációs csatornákra, a kapcsolódó partner és az üzleti folyamat típusokra alapozott klaszterelemzés alapján létrejött klaszterek segítik a vállalkozást a javasolt kommunikációs fejlesztések meghatározásában. Megítélésünk szerint ezzel segítséget nyújtunk a döntéshozóknak, hiszen a sz?kös er?forrásokkal rendelkez? vállalkozások célzottabban tudnak fejleszteni.
New information and communication technologies in agriculture - factors, drivers and application possibilities
Authors: Szilágyi Róbert
Published: March 2015

The new ICT technologies are not only fast developed but, in addition, are giving birth to newer systems and tools. The Internet network have become essential communication tools in business processes recently. Using the Internet by means of mobile appliances increases the possibilities. The agriculture has some speciality in information technology. The ICT adoption in the agriculture and main drivers has been examined. For the successful application the key lessons have to understand. To get a draft overview of Hungarian position there is part about it. In this part there are data about household communication devices the individuals ICT usage by age. The region differences in information technologies can be seen also. The final part of the paper there are some technology and application examples. The new devices like tablets and new services like Cloud Computing have great potential in agriculture. Cloud Computing provides better resource management and effective cost control. However, the business assessment of these technologies must not be done only on the basis of the technology and taken out of its environment randomly since the whole area is very complex.
Hierarchikus markov folyamatok alkalmazása a sertéstartás döntési folyamataiban
Authors: Kovács Sándor , Balogh Peter
Published: March 2015

Jelen tanulmányban a Markov láncokon alapuló Markov döntési folyamatokat tárgyaljuk, valamint ezek továbbfejlesztett változatát, a Hierarchikus Markov Folyamatokat. Részletesen leírjuk ezen folyamatok optimalizációs lehet?ségeit. Ismertetünk továbbá egy dán kutatók által állattenyésztési döntések támogatására kifejlesztett, e folyamatokon alapuló és szabadon letölthet? programot. A program számos lehet?ségéb?l a kocanevelés és vemhesítés modell használatát mutatjuk be. Megadjuk a program futtatásához szükséges alapparamétereket, beállításokat, valamint egy modellezett állattartó telep kocáira érték iterációval számítjuk az elérhet? jövedelmet és a kocánkénti döntések sorozatát. Bemutatjuk az állat termelésben tartására, illetve a koca termékenyítési számára hozott döntések eredményét. Példán mutatjuk be továbbá az ilyen döntésekhez kapcsolt relatív hasznosság alakulását.
Green Informatics: ICT for Green and Sustainability
Authors: Andreopoulou Zacharoula S.
Published: March 2015

Green Informatics constitute a new term in the science of information that describes the utilization of informatics in the interest of the natural environment and the natural resources regarding sustainability and sustainable development. Nowadays, ICT has introduced the convergence of e-services with broadband network infrastructure, wireless technologies and mobile devices. The revolution of ICTs introduction in daily average life has also resulted in the increase of GHG, since the ’’carbon footprint’’ is continually increasing. The dimensions of Green Informatics contribution are: the reduction of energy consumption, the rise of environmental awareness, the effective communication for environmental issues and the environmental monitoring and surveillance systems, as a means to protect and restore natural ecosystems potential. EU has reinforced the environmental sector with focus on high level of protection and improvement of the quality of environment through the enacting of strategies, initiatives and measures. Future EU strategy aims to a low carbon European society by 2050 and to green/sustainable development, ICTs can play a key role in the environmental protection and sustainability, however, green behavior is still critical.
4Mx talaj-növény modell: alkalmazások, lehet?ségek és kihívások
Authors: Fodor Nándor
Published: March 2015

A szimulációs növénytermesztési modellek a talaj-növény rendszer f?bb folyamatait dinamikusan, általában napi léptékben, írják le. Segítségükkel folyamatos képet kaphatunk a meteorológiai/környezeti feltételek mellett a talajban és a növényben lejátszódó folyamatok alakulásáról. A szimulációs növénytermesztési modellek eredményesen használhatók az alábbi területeken: (1) Oktatás: A rendszerszemlélet? gondolkodást el?térbe helyezve mutathatók be a talaj-növény rendszer sokrét? kölcsönhatásban lév? folyamatai és az emberi beavatkozások környezetvédelmi vonatkozásai. (2) Kutatás: Kísérletek és megfigyelések térbeli illetve id?beni kiterjesztése, többek között a globális klímaváltozás várható hatásainak feltérképezése. (3) Gyakorlat: Intelligens öntözésvezérlés illetve döntéstámogató rendszerek háttérszámításainak végrehajtása. Jogszabályalkotás szakmai hátterének biztosítása. A 4Mx szimulációs növénytermesztési modell különlegessége, hogy a m?ködését szabályozó paraméterek értékén túl a szimulált folyamatokat leíró függvények típusának változtatására is lehet?séget kínál a felhasználói felülete. A 4Mx modell alkalmazhatóságát néhány esettanulmányon keresztül mutatjuk be.
Organic Edunet – Call for a Worldwide Platform in Organic Agriculture
Authors: Radics László , Pusztai Péter , Csambalik László , Szalai Zita , Tóbiás Andrea
Published: March 2015

Organic.Edunet (ECP-2006-EDU-410012 Organic.Edunet) aims to facilitate access, usage and exploitation of digital educational content related to Organic Agriculture (OA) and Agroecology. It deploys a multilingual online federation and digital environment of learning repositories, populated with quality content from various content producers. Organic.Edunet focuses on achieving interoperability between the digital collections of OA and Agroecology content of various EU countries. In this way, digital content that can be used to educate European Youth about the benefits of OA and Agroecology, becomes easily accessible, usable and exploitable. As the end of the project approaching the system has been set up and located to content providers preserving the network system. All partners related to education has uploaded all of their learning objects. In order to ensure the sustainability of the portal all partners contribute to affiliated partners’ organization. The project offers a digital and user defined portfolio for them even in regular learning systems or lifelong learning.
Internet functions in marketing: multicriteria ranking of agricultural SMEs websites in Greece
Authors: Tsekouropoulos George , Andreopoulou Zacharoula S. , Koliouska Christiana , Koutroumanidis Theodoros , Batzios Christos , Samathrakis Vagis
Published: March 2015

The invasion of new technologies combined with the high cost for running shop force enterprises to search for new sales methods. Network applications and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) can help achieve e-commerce goals. In Greece, many enterprises in the agro-food and drink sectors are already present on the internet. This paper studies the adoption of e-commerce on websites that support e-commerce activities within the agro-food and drink sectors. Therefore, the paper aims to identify and evaluate their qualitative and quantitative content characteristics, rank them according to 6 content characteristics/criteria using the multicriteria method of PROMETHEE II and classify them in groups of similar adoption. The findings of this study reveal the rate of adoption of e-commerce in the sectors and can serve as a valuable model for the designers of websites that promote e-commerce activities within the wider areas of food and drinks
Analysis of Economic Risks in Sow Production
Authors: Soltész Angéla , Szőke Szilvia , Balogh Péter
Published: March 2015

We prepared a model farm based on the data of a young pig production farm which has 1300 breeding sows in order to examine the main risk factors affecting the profitability of young pig production. Farrowing and mortality rates, as well as cost and price data were recorded as the inputs for the model used. Revenue of the farm, total costs, total income and the prime cost of young pig production were used as outputs. Monte-Carlo simulation was used in the model for risk assessment. Based on the results of the analysis, we concluded that the total income was most affected by the number of piglets per litter (ß=0.691), the total farm costs were most influenced by the indexes related to piglet output (number of piglets per litter: ß=0.455, price of piglet feed: ß=0.443, and feed consumption of piglet: ß=0.364) while the change of the total income of the farm was most determined by young pig price (ß=0.578).
Operational experienced of an 8.64 kWp grid-connected PV array
Authors: Hagymássy Zoltán
Published: March 2015

The Department of Agricultural Machinery of the University of Debrecen has a photovoltaic (PV) system. Information’s are given about the main operational characteristics and operation experiences. In this research, evaluation of 3 PV modules technologies i.e. monocrystalline PV technology (ST-40), polycrystalline PV technology (KC-120), and amorphous silicon PV technology (DS-40) performed based on points of view energetic in 2011. The produced DC, and AC power, together with the produced energy are as well, and the efficiency can be determined for each used PV technology.
Modeling Soil Heat Flux in R
Authors: Huzsvai László , Szőke Szilvia
Published: March 2015

Knowing of soil heat flow properties of a crop field inform the farmer about temperature conditions of seeds germination. Soil heat flow today is either measured or modeled. In our study we rely on the procedure developed by Sang-Ok Chung and Robert Horton (1987). Applicability of the R language version heat flux model we studied on data collected by Gábor Szász director of the Agro-meteorological Observatory of Debrecen, Kismacs in May 2001.). Soil temperature data were collected in 5, 25 and 50 cm depth in 15 minute intervals from a loam texture chernozem soil covered with short grass. The used upper boundary layer at 5 cm and the lower boundary at 50 cm soil temperature data contain 2976 time periods. Temperature values measured at 5 and 50 cm depths were used as upper and lower boundary conditions, respectively. Using the R programmed heat flux model the 25 cm depth soil temperature was simulated and compared to the measured ones. Since the simulated and measured soil temperatures differed significantly we assumed necessity of coupling heat and moisture flux for describing time change of soil temperate. Our final conclusion is that because of the strong correlation between water flow and soil temperature, it is essential to make simultaneous estimations of them both when modeling soil temperature.
Wood Tracking Information Systems To Confront Illegal Logging
Authors: Tzoulis Ioakeim k , Andreopoulou Zacharoula S. , Voulgaridis Elias
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the current wood tracking information systems used in international wood trade aiming to prevent and control illegally logged timber and wood products trade. Moreover, innovative log tracking mechanisms and technologies are also described and assessed. Wood tracking can add value to the wood product, by establishing an information system aiming to recognize and locate legal wood and wood products. Apart form the traditional punching and painting log-tracing methods, there are various digital wood traceability information systems for recognition, log tracking and monitoring, including barcodes, QR codes, RFID, microchips etc. Furthermore, various innovative wood tracking systems are also presented and discussed. The aim of the paper is to describe and quote those methods used in wood trade sector, to identify current trends and perspectives and to quote them as to their reliability, practicality, level of information provided and cost. Further it provides insight from log-traceability methods used in Greek Forests.
Complex Agricultural Risk Management System: a new information system supporting the claim adjustment process in the Hungarian agriculture
Authors: Rieger László , Kemény Gábor
Published: March 2015

On an annual basis the magnitude of the weather-related risks of the Hungarian farmers approaches the 100 billion HUF. It is about 5 percent of the 2200 billion HUF annual gross output value of the agriculture. It is a continuous tendency that the climate factors are more and more significantly influencing the crop production. Therefore, reducing the risks related to the weather is an important objective of the agricultural administration. For this purpose the agricultural administration is trying to reach this goal by forming risk-management groups for the producers, by strengthening the liability for their decisions, and also by providing more significant support by the agricultural administration. The new system is based on two pillars: the first pillar is an extended mitigation system, and the second pillar is a business-based, but also state-sponsored insurance system. First, the study describes the agricultural risk management situation in general, then the partially "paper-based" coordinated mitigation system which was launched in 2012, and finally the integrated mitigation system which is being under development at the moment. The study reveals that in recent years the risk management of agriculture has been going through important changes, in particular, significant reduction in the administrative burden for both farmers and public administration, improvement of the accuracy of the agricultural meteorological risk evaluation, as well as a developed agricultural risk database serves as a reliable basis for the public decision-making.
Toward a decision support tool for operative dispatching of agricultural bulk goods – A 4PL approach
Authors: Mehmann Jens , Teuteberg Frank
Published: March 2015

The dispatching of agricultural bulk goods is subject to reciprocative decision problems. A distinctive feature of agricultural transportation planning is the dynamic and rapid implementation of harvesting processes on the one hand and the continuous transportation of bulk goods throughout all seasons on the other. Activities during the harvesting process as well as the entire transportation process require the cooperation of various actors such as farmers, contractors, agricultural traders, transportation companies and processing industries. This article presents a decision support tool (DSS) for dispatching of agricultural bulk goods through a fourth party logistics provider approach (4PL). The 4PL actor performs the functions of a neutral intermediary within this sector where standard structural information is processed with the help of information and communication technology (ICT). Optimization mechanisms provide efficient dispatching of transportation. The prototype of a DSS was developed based upon recently collected data from the sector. By applying the DSS an increase in efficiency can be expected, and thus contributes to sustainability in terms of CO2 reduction.
A survey of computer-based vision systems for automatic identification of plant species
Authors: Babatunde Oluleye Hezekiah , Armstrong Leisa , Leng Jinsong , Diepeveen Dean
Published: March 2015

Plants are unavoidable for the existence of most living things on this planet. There are many needs of both humans and animals that are satisfied by materials from plants. These needs include food, shelter, and medicine. The ability to identify plants is highly important in several applications, including conservation of endangered plant species, rehabilitation of lands after mining activities and differentiating crop plants from weeds. This paper reviews several applications and works that have been made towards computer-based vision systems for automatic identification of plant species. It shows the various techniques alongside their descriptions. It portrays how future researchers in this field (especially precision agriculture or agricultural informatics) may move the knowledge domain forward.
Greening the canned peach production
Authors: Folinas Dimitrios K , Aidonis Dimitrios , Karayannakidis Panayotis
Published: March 2015

The paper proposes an approach for measuring the environmental performance of canned peach production based on Lean Thinking techniques. Among the various stages of a typical production line of canned peach, peeling and pasteurizing are the most energy consuming. In these stages specific actions have been suggested and applied. Considering the findings that were observed following the implementation of these actions, the research project provided viable evidence that Lean techniques a positive impact in the production and logistics operations.
Reservoir Simulation to Support Pressure Maintenance Projects in the Greater Burgan Field, Kuwait
Authors: Ma Eddie , Gheorghiu Sorin , Banagale Merlon , Dashti Laila , Bond Deryck , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ali Farida , Gurpinar Omer
Published: March 2015

The Greater Burgan field in Kuwait is the largest clastic oil field in the world. Its sheer size, complex geology, intricate surface facility network, 5,000 well-completions and 68-years of production history represent formidable challenges in reservoir simulation. In the last two decades, many flow simulation models, part-field and full-field, were developed as reservoir management tools to study depletion plan strategies and reservoir recovery. The new 2013 Burgan flow simulation was a major undertaking in terms of effort and financial cost. The model size, innovative technology, supporting resources, integrated workflow and meticulous planning applied to this project were unprecedented.

As the Burgan field has matured over time, the reservoir pressure has declined in certain areas, with associated reduced productivity. The reduction of wells’ productivity, combined with the increasing water production, has necessitated improved oil recovery (IOR) initiatives in order to support the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) 2030 strategy, sustaining oil production and ensuring high recovery from Burgan reservoirs. This paper describes the development of a dynamic model to design pressure maintenance projects for optimal reservoir management and IOR strategies. The prediction model was built on a history matched model on three levels, Global (Field), Regional (Reservoirs / Gathering Centers) and Wells. These three levels depict the concerted history matching effort in accordance with the recurrent data quality. Details of geologic and dynamic modeling have been documented and presented in previous Burgan SPE papers and are not repeated in this paper.

The primary objectives of the Burgan prediction model are meeting the production target profiles with optimal field development plans (FDP) and to maximize oil recovery. Two of the most promising projects are currently in different phases of development, Wara Pressure Maintenance Project (WPMP) and Burgan Sand Upper (BGSU-PMP). In this paper, only the WPMP is discussed in detail as the waterflood project is now entering operation stage after 10 years of planning and construction. BGSU-PMP is part of the Burgan FDP but is not focused within the scope of this paper.

Sub-surface modeling in the giant Greater Burgan field complex is not just enormous, it is also arduous and challenging. The accomplishment by the team was momentous despite a less-than-expected result. Nonetheless, lessons learnt offered valuable information for future improvement. It has been a long and difficult journey from geological model to dynamic model over the last five years. Yet, in pursuing IOR and EOR, the journey has just begun.
Aquifer Selection for CO2 Sequestration Based on Mechanical Properties Evaluation
Authors: AL-Ameri Wahbi Abdulqader , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdullatif Osman , Adebayo Abdulrauf Rasheed
Published: March 2015

The long-term geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in underground formations (deep saline aquifers) is the most economically viable option to decrease the emissions of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere which are the main contributing factors for global warming. The injection of CO2 in carbonate aquifers dissolves some of the calcite rock due to the formation of carbonic acid as a result of the interaction between CO2 and brine. This rock dissolution may affect the rock integrity and in turn will affect the rock mechanical properties. The effect of CO2 on the rock mechanical properties is a key parameter to be studied to assess the aquifer performance in the process of geological sequestration and to get safe and effective long-term storage.

The main objective of this study is to address the impact of geological sequestration of CO2 on the mechanical properties of carbonate aquifer and cap rocks. In addition, the effect of the storage time on these properties are investigated. Moreover, the effect of CO2 sequestration on rocks with different mechanical properties are studied, and the good candidate carbonate rocks for geologic sequestration are identified. In this study the CO2 was injected and soaked with the brine with the core at high pressure and high temperature (2000 psi and 100°C) to simulate the actual downhole conditions The carbonate cores were analyzed for mechanical properties using indirect tensile strength, unconfined compression, and acoustics testing machines.

Results show that CO2 sequestration affected the mechanical properties of the carbonate rocks as well as the cap rocks. Long time soaking of CO2 in brine allowed for the formation of enough carbonic acid to react with the cores and this greatly impacted the rock mechanical and acoustic properties. The significant impact of CO2 storage was noted on Khuff limestone and the good candidate among the carbonate rocks studied here for geological sequestration of CO2 is found to be Indiana limestone.
Velocity String Helps to Revive a Standing Gas Well in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saldeev R.R. , Asel S.A. , Bo Khamseen S. H. , Mulhim A. A. , Ahmed Danish , Kneina Mohammed Aiman , Eduardo Vejarano R , Srivastava Abhiroop , Ayob Adzlan
Published: March 2015

A successful field trial of velocity-string technology was recently completed on a standing gas well with high condensate-gas ratio (CGR) in Saudi Arabia. The operation was performed in three attempts, and it included running a 10,000-ft-long, 2 3/8-in. outside diameter (OD) coiled tubing velocity string hung inside the existing 4 1/2-in. production tubing using a mechanical packer/hanger. To comply with the pressure barrier policy ((i.e. API 16ST) operations, the lower bottomhole assembly (BHA) included retrievable cartridges with double-flapper check valves, which were retrieved later using slickline. Both Saudi Aramco and the service company faced several serious challenges during this operation, which required three running attempts and also modifications to packer/hanger construction. Some of the procedures were changed, as well, to address the encountered complications. A test separator was used to measure the flow at surface prior to and after the velocity-string installation for evaluation of results. This standing well was revived after being dead for 2 years, and it was put back on production with more than 5 MMscf/D at flowing wellhead pressure (FWHP) of 1,900 psig, condensate rate in order of 1,000 B/D, and water rate less than 100 B/D. The velocity-string approach has proved to be a cost-effective solution for Saudi Aramco gas wells with a condensate banking problem, and the velocity-string approach is planned for several well candidates in the next 2 yr.
Successful Coiled-Tubing-Based Sand Consolidation Treatment in Remote Wells in Challenging Offshore Environment: A Case Study
Authors: Varma Sai Rakesh , Anand Saurabh , Sharma Anurag , Singhal Joy , Gupta Karan , Arun Anirudh
Published: March 2015

CB/OS-2 field is located offshore the west coast of India. The wells are of shallow depth with sanding issues. Many wells are either shut in or beaned back to control drawdown and ensure sand-free production. This has resulted in wells flowing at much lower rates than their potential. Conventional coiled tubing (CT) jobs or jobs that use a catenary system are not feasible because of the tidal/current conditions and limited load capacity of platform crane.

A platform-based CT sand consolidation operation using a modular and compact unit was conducted in two wells (XA 5 and XA 6). A 20-t modular crane was installed on the platform, and a detailed platform structural load analysis was carried out for spotting the CT unit and auxiliary equipment. Since no core samples were available from the field, sand consolidation tests were conducted on a bailed-out sand sample. A CT-conveyed inflatable packer was used to isolate the deeper section of the completion. The recipe was modified and customized to suit the logistical and fluid-handling constraints on the platform.

After a sand-consolidation resin treatment, well XA-05 is now producing 1,200 BOPD, in contrast to the earlier, pretreatment 300 BOPD. Well XA-06, which was shut in due to sanding issues, is now producing 300 BOPD. The wells are stable, and periodic intervention has confirmed that there is no sand fill. Pressure surveys also indicated that there has been no skin after the treatment.

Despite the many technical and logistical constraints, the sand consolidation jobs were successful execution and post-job results were excellent. This success has opened the way for similar jobs in this and other of the operator's fields.
Petrophysics for Horizontal Wells with Sourceless LWD Technology, A Case Study from Kuwait
Authors: Al-Khaldy Meshal Dawood , Dutta Abhijit , Al-Failakawi Khaled Ali , Al-Bateni Abdulla Ebrahim , Elsherif Ahmed
Published: March 2015

In horizontal holes, several factors are affecting formation resistivity. The electromagnetic waves generated from the LWD tools are covering the adjacent beds and the reading can be highly affected. Moreover, when the well trajectory is cutting a bed boundary at a high angle, polarization horns are causing severe noise that masks the true formation resistivity.

Recently, several wells in KOC had suffered the above mentioned effects causing great ambiguity in water saturation determination. Moreover, the use of LWD with natural radioactive sources has been always a big concern to KOC.

An alternative option to resistivity was proposed to KOC based on using Sigma. The technique incorporates Pulsed Neutron Generators and acts as a multi-purpose measurement (Resistivity / Density / Neutron / Sigma / Spectroscopy). In addition, the technology can be used Sourceless.

This technology was used for the first time in Kuwait with great success. The Sigma was used in the water saturation calculations. In addition, a time lapse Sigma was done where a second pass was recorded while pulling out of the hole. A comparison between drilling Sigma and reaming up Sigma was used to indicate any water movement by OBM invasion.

Spectroscopy was also used for formation evaluation specially clay content. This is rather useful in complex lithology especially when the Gamma Ray reading is affected by strange mineralogy, thus affecting mobility calculations for accurate ICD design.
A New Correlation For Two Phase Inflow Performance Relationship in Horizantal Wells
Authors: Al-Hussain Ali Musa , Hossain M. Enamul
Published: March 2015

Petroleum engineers are routinely required to estimate the production behavior of individual oil wells. Having an idea of the pressure-rate behavior enables engineers to evaluate various operating scenarios to ascertain the optimum production scheme. This also facilitates understanding how to design and install surface and subsurface production equipment whenever necessary. Knowledge of pressure-rate behavior is necessary for designing and evaluating stimulation treatments, or any operation that might improve flow efficiency. Estimates of future performance are also required for forecasting and planning purposes. The actual production mechanism and reservoir flow regimes around the horizontal well are considered more complicated than those for the vertical wells. Some combination of both linear and radial flow actually exists in the horizontal well. In literature, several authors such as Bendakhlia and Aziz, Cheng, and Retnanto and Economides concluded that the shape of measured inflow performance relationships (IPRs) is similar to the estimated IPR by Vogel. This paper critically evaluates the following analytical equations: modified Vogel's equation, Cheng's equation, Bendakhlia and Aziz's equation, and Retnanto and Economides' equation. These existing models are used to estimate the inflow performance relationship of two-phase flow in horizontal wells. In addition, a new correlation is presented for two-phase flow in horizontal wells that has fewer errors and is better fitting compared to the other correlations in the literature mentioned above. After the filtration process, a total of 62 sets of downhole production data were used for 18 horizontal wells. This data was utilized to evaluate the current two-phase IPR correlation for horizontal well. The data is also used to develop a new correlation that has less errors comparing with existing correlations and shows better fitting. A new classification range of 1 5 < P I < 1 5 is used in this study. For PI < 15 it was observed that Cheng's then Bendakhlia and Aziz's equations were the best with an error of 12.9% and 13.3% respectively. The Retnanto and Economides equation did not fit with the used data, which has an error of 93%, while the proposed correlation was the best compared to others with an error of 11%. For PI > 15 the following was noticed: Vogel's then Bendakhlia and Aziz's equations were the best with errors of 26% and 30%, respectively. Retnanto and Economides equation did not fit with the used data, which has an error of 207%, while the proposed correlation shows the best compared to other equations with an error of 13%.
Next-Generation Modeling for Long-Term Development Planning: Case Study
Authors: Marir Boualem , Allouti Abdelkader , Bedewi Mahmoud
Published: March 2015

In conventional modeling, the flow from the reservoir to the wellbore is decoupled from the flow in the surface pipelines and the facilities. This approach is sufficient during history matching; however, it is less accurate for future performance predictions where precise hydraulic calculation is necessary to assess the pipelines and facilities design.

This paper studied an offshore green field where production from six different reservoirs in which several single and multilateral horizontal wells are drilled and connected to offshore wellhead towers being connected by pipelines to an infield super complex. Because surface facilities are shared by all reservoirs and the field is being developed as a gas self-sufficient field wherein the processed gas from the first stage of separation, after removing the fuel, must be re-injected, it has been recognized that conventional modeling is not appropriate for defining the long-term development plans (LTDP) in addition to identifying major development and operation risks related to the subject field.

To take into account the impact of the surface facilities on the predicted field performance, a next-generation modeling approach was used to fully integrate the subsurface models with the surface model. Additionally, as the five-spot water injection pattern is the development scheme for one of the primary reservoirs, streamlines simulation using the integrated multi-reservoirs model was performed to define the performance of the different injection patterns and to rationally optimize use of the surface injection facilities.

The subject multi-reservoir model was also used as a tool for risk mitigation plans for potential major gas production; different approaches were proposed and assessed in an attempt to define the possible plans for using the excess produced gas without negatively impacting the field's oil recovery.
Perforating Strategy Change in High Deviated and Horizontal Wells in North Kuwait – Tractor Conveyed Perforations in Kuwait
Authors: Awad M. Omar , Al-Ajmi Moudi F. , Al-Mutairi Moute'a , Bradford Colin , Shukla Pinakin
Published: March 2015

The Raudhatain Zubair reservoir play a key role in the production development plan for North Kuwait. The Zubair production is contributing 20% of total north Kuwait production.

Well RA-XX3in North Kuwait Raudhatain field, produced a significantly higher oil rate than existing wells in the field. Production was the application of the latest perforating technologies comprising of deep penetrating charges along with the unique Perforating for Ultimate Reservoir Exploitation and Dynamic Under balance (DUB). The charge used is the deepest penetrating charge available in the industry today, based on API-19B section 1, with penetration depth of 65.2″. Prior existing wells produced an average of 1500 BOPD. This well after being perforated using Dynamic Under balance (DUB) and deep penetrating charges produced 3000 BOPD with zero water cut.

The interval perforated was in a high deviated well where traditionally a Tubing Conveyed Perforation (TCP) deployment would have been used to convey guns with a static under balance, correlating the gun positioning with a RA marker more than 2000 ft above the interval. Using the wire line tractor, the guns were positioned accurately on depth, utilizing DUB technology, with significant rig time saving over the conventional TCP runs.

A further three wells have been shot using this conveyance method and has shown to provide significant rig time saving with additional production due to DUB technique and accuracy of gun positioning.

This SPE paper and presentation will demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of deploying guns using WL tractor and benefits of DUB perforating. This successful operation has provided a new approach to underbalanced perforating on tractor to achieve clean, zero-skin perforations is replacing the prevailing underbalanced concept of perforating job design.
Focused Engineering Initiative Produces New 16-in Roller Cone TCI Design to Solve Carbonate Drilling Challenges in Northern Kuwait
Authors: Al-Enezi Dakhil , Sounderrajan Mahesh , Boukhamseen Ali , Al-Safran Sarah , Hassan Said , Nair Prakash , Ghoneim Osama , Bits Smith
Published: March 2015

Interbedded formations with vastly different compressive strengths and blind drilling are two distinct challenges the operator must solve constructing a 16” hole section in Northern Kuwait. These issues can lead to cutting structure damage to roller cone bits resulting in low performance and downhole tool failure. In addition the operator strives to achieve fast ROP by applying high weight-on-bit (WOB) through the hard Dammam to Mutriba carbonate sections which can also cause damage to the tungsten carbide insert (TCI) bit's cutting structure.

To manage the challenges, the operator's drilling team working in conjunction with the bit supplier launched a performance improvement initiative. The carbonate application was analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) based dynamic simulation program to fully understand how to stabilize the bit in different downhole conditions and improve hydraulic efficiency. Based on the computer analysis and field run data, a new stable bit was designed.

The new bit includes a specialized cutting structure configuration, improved hydraulics and optimized insert carbide grades to mitigate impact damage. A patented double sealed bearing was also utilized to improve durability and seal reliability

The new roller cone bit design was run with an optimized drilling plan setting a record rate of penetration (ROP) in its first test run. The new bit design has enabled the operator to drill a challenging carbonate section of 4775 ft from Shoe to total depth (TD) with a record penetration rates (ROP) of 65.8 ft/hr achieving 7.7 % increase in ROP over the best performance in the same field. The authors will discuss the application challenges, analysis and resulting performance improvement.