bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrosigmoid Transtentorial Approach Compared to Traditional Transpetrosal Approaches for the Resection of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jha Ribhu T. , McBride Paul , Zavadskiy Gleb , van Loveren Harry R. , Agazzi Siviero
Published: June 2020

Background Transpetrosal approaches have become standard technique for resection of petroclival meningiomas (PCM). The retrosigmoid craniotomy has also been extensively studied as an alternative approach. The need to resect the tentorium at the end of a retrosigmoid approach has been described, but the upfront transtentorial variation of the retrosigmoid craniotomy has never been described nor evaluated in detail as a possible alternative to the standard petrosectomy approaches.

Objective This study was aimed to directly compare the transpetrosal approaches to the retrosigmoid transtentorial approach (RSTTA) in terms of degree of resection, duration of surgery, and estimated blood loss (EBL).

Methods A retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent resection of PCM between January 2014 and December 2018 was performed. Patients in the two surgical approach groups were matched for age and tumor location. The primary measured outcomes were duration of surgery, EBL, extent of resection, length of postoperative hospital stay, and complications. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests.

Results Thirteen patients had microsurgical resection of PCM at our center between January 2014 and December 2018. Nine patients underwent a transpetrosal approach and four patients underwent RSTTA. The average duration of surgery was shorter in the RSTTA group (425 vs. 525.4 minutes) and had less blood loss (94 vs. 425 mL). Extent of resection was comparable between the groups.

Conclusion The RSTTA appears to be a safe and efficient technique for resecting PCMs and in selected cases a valid alternative to standard petrosectomies approaches.
Advanced Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Pterygopalatine Fossa and Orbit: The Endoscopic Tri-port Approach
Authors: Omura Kazuhiro , Nomura Kazuhiro , Mori Ryosuke , Ishii Yudo , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Otori Nobuyoshi , Kojima Hiromi
Published: June 2020

Objective The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a narrow space situated posterior to the maxillary sinus. While external approaches have been used to treat tumors of the PPF, recent endoscopic approaches have become favored as an alternative; we developed an endoscopic tri-port approach, which provides wide surgical corridor with minimal invasion, for PPF. This report aims to introduce and verify the new approach.

Design Case series.

Setting A tertiary referral hospital.

Participants We reviewed 11 patients with PPF or orbital tumors who were treated with the endoscopic tri-port approach.

Main Outcome Measures Accessing tri-port approach's effects and limitations.

Results When the tumor was located in the PPF or orbit without intracranial invasion, en bloc resection was achieved in six patients. With the exception of one patient, the nasal septum was preserved if not used for skull base reconstruction. If not invaded by a tumor or necessary for reconstruction, the inferior and middle turbinates were preserved.

Conclusion The endoscopic tri-port approach provides an excellent surgical view and wide corridor and not requires an external approach, including a gingival incision.
Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview
Authors: Castro Pedro , Matos Ana Paula , Werner Heron , Lopes Flávia Paiva , Tonni Gabriele , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: June 2020

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus infection (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020, there have been many concerns about pregnant women and the possible effects of this emergency with catastrophic outcomes in many countries. Information on COVID-19 and pregnancy are scarce and spread throughout a few case series, with no more than 50 cases in total. The present review provides a brief analysis of COVID-19, pregnancy in the COVID-19 era, and the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy.
The Clinical Dilemma of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in a Child with 9p Deletion
Authors: Karba Brendan E. , Lemay Jean-Francois , McLeod Scott A.
Published: June 2020

We reported on a 3-year-old girl child patient with the presence of trigonocephaly, broad nasal bridge, flattened occiput, and midface hypoplasia. Formal assessment of her development profile demonstrated expressive and receptive language delays, fine and gross motor delays, and no imaginative or symbolic representative play. Investigation of the etiology of her developmental delays revealed a genetic diagnosis of a 9p24 deletion by chromosomal microarray analysis. The possibility of an additional co-occurring disorder of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was also raised by a referring clinician. This case report highlighted the clinical dilemma of diagnosing ASD in those with existing genetic syndromes.
Transport and thermal properties of polycrystalline ZrTe5
Authors: Behera Prakash , Patidar Manju Mishra , Bera Sumit , Deshpande U. P. , Venkatesh R. , Ganesan V.
Published: June 2020

Studies on thermal and transport properties of topologically interesting polycrystalline ZrTe5 down to 2 K and magnetic fields up to 14 T are reported here. Attempts have been made to explain the metal insulator transition-like features seen in magnetic fields, a behavior characteristic of ZrTe5. The maximum in relative magnetoresistance (MRmax) for a particular magnetic field with respect to the peak temperature, i.e., Tp(B), shows an activated behavior reminiscent of polaronic conduction seen upon chemical substitution like Hf in Zr. Magnetoresistance is well described by a small polaron hopping transport model in a systematic way for various fields. The estimated activation energies are in line with infrared spectroscopy as well as hole dominated thermopower supported by heat capacity measurements. The essential features of the analysis include square root dependence of magnetoresistance with the magnetic field possibly due to the weak antilocalization effect as well as T3/2 dependence on mobility, extracted from a simplified two-band model fit in magnetoresistance curves.
Flow hydrodynamics of the mixing layer in consecutive vegetated groyne fields
Authors: Xiang Ke , Yang Zhonghua , Wu Shiqiang , Gao Wei , Li Dan , Li Qiong
Published: June 2020

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the ecological role of groyne fields as habitats for aquatic vegetation; however, knowledge on interactions between vegetation and recirculating flow is still lacking, especially vegetation effects on large-scale coherent structures in the mixing layer, which control the mass exchange between the side-cavity and the main channel. In this paper, the hydrodynamics of the mixing layer in straight open channels without sediments in the flow, with consecutive groyne fields, of different vegetation densities, is investigated both experimentally through particle image velocimetry and numerically through large eddy simulation. The results show that the presence of plants rearranges the circulation systems in the groyne field, namely, from double gyres to a single gyre. With an increase in the vegetation density, the exchange coefficient between the cavity and the main channel gradually decreases. Note that the exchange rate is calculated from a newly proposed exchange layer, which is located away from the groyne tip. Based on the analysis of the Kelvin−Helmholtz eddies along the shear layer, a phenomenological model is proposed for the evolution of coherent structures and the variations in flow hydrodynamics associated with these eddies. Compared to the non-vegetation case, the presence of vegetation could suppress the evolution of coherent eddies in the mixing layer, with a consequent effect on the flow hydrodynamics around the interface.
Thermal fluctuations and boundary layer properties of turbulent natural convection inside open cavities of different dimensions heated from below
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Subudhi Sudhakar
Published: June 2020

We report the experimental measurement of the temperature fluctuation in the vicinity of different zones of the thermal boundary layer in water-filled open cubic cavities heated from below and open at the top. The experiments are performed on the cubic cavity of aspect ratio 1 and lateral dimension 30 mm; the results of our previously reported open cubic cavities of aspect ratio 1 and lateral dimensions (120 mm and 240 mm) are also considered here. The transient nature of the temperature has been measured from the temperature–time series recorded across the central axis of the cavity at different vertical positions z from the heated bottom plate. The Prandtl number and Rayleigh number ranges reported in this paper are 4 ≤ Pr ≤ 6 and 105 ≤ Ra ≤ 109, respectively. The different basic statistical properties, of temperature fluctuation such as mean temperature, root mean square, and probability density function, are studied and discussed. The power-law of power spectral density of the temperature fluctuations at different regions of the thermal boundary layer is studied, and the different roles of rate are compared with the previously established theories and models. The validity criteria for the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation are fulfilled. The trend of the dimensionless Nusselt number (Nu) representing the global convective heat transfer is obtained and discussed. We also study the variation in Raδth−1 3 for the heat transfer representation in the range of 0.04–0.24, where δth is the boundary layer thickness.
Azimuthal surface waves in cylindrical metal waveguides partially filled by magnetoactive plasma: Analysis of energy transfer
Authors: Girka Igor O. , Girka Oleksii I. , Thumm Manfred
Published: June 2020

Azimuthal surface waves are well known to be eigenwaves of cylindrical waveguide structures—plasma–dielectric–metal—placed into an external axial static magnetic field. The angular velocity of energy transfer along with the angular group velocity is applied to analyze electromagnetic energy rotation in these structures. Optimal magnitudes of effective azimuthal wavenumbers are determined for which the angular velocity reaches its maximum. The angular velocity is shown to decrease with the increasing absolute value of the azimuthal wavenumber and with the decreasing strength of the external axial static magnetic field.
Large visible-light-driven photostriction in Bi(Ni2/3Nb1/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectrics
Authors: Li Xiu , Chen Chen , Zhang Faqiang , Huang Xintang , Yi Zhiguo
Published: June 2020

Photostrictive effect that has been discovered for over half a century is getting renewed interest in recent years in view of the great potentials for optomechanical applications. Ferroelectric materials represented by lead lanthanum zirconated titanate have been widely studied in this field because of their relatively large photostriction and fast photoresponse, but their wide bandgaps with limit response to visible light hinder further practical application. Here, visible-light-driven photostrictions of the order of 10−3 are discovered in Bi(Ni2/3Nb1/3)O3–PbTiO3 (BNNPT) ferroelectric solid solutions. Three BNNPT compositions with different phase structures, exhibiting notably different piezoelectric and photovoltaic properties, are selected to conduct the photostriction investigation, and their analogous photostrictive behaviors contradict with previous acknowledgment that the photostriction of ferroelectrics originates from the photovoltage-induced inverse piezoresponse. The nonuniform shifts of the XRD diffraction peaks under external laser illumination and the redshifts of the laser power dependent Raman modes disclose that the photostriction is mainly attributed to the light-induced distortion of BO6 octahedra. This study sheds insight into the mechanism of the photostriction of ferroelectrics.
Data driven governing equations approximations using attention based multistep neural networks
Authors: Teng Qi , Wang Jiaqi , Ding Zeyu , Zhang Lei , Wang Zhenyu
Published: June 2020

During the past decade, deep learning has represented the biggest research trend in the field of machine learning, which provides new powerful tools to interrogate high dimensional time series data in a way that has not been possible before. With the recent success in natural language processing, one would expect widespread adaptation to problems like time series forecasting and classification. After all, both involve processing sequential data. However, to this point, research on their adaptation to time series problems has remained limited. Recently, a multi-step time-stepping scheme without the need of direct access to temporal gradients has been proposed, which can accurately identify nonlinear dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we combined an attention mechanism with a deep model in a multi-step time-stepping scheme to perform nonlinear system identification and forecasting tasks. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to use attention based models to deal with nonlinear system identification and forecasting problems. The attention weights on rows select those variables that are helpful for forecasting, which can enhance the information across multiple time steps to capture temporal information. The experiment results indicate that the attention based model in a multi-step time-stepping scheme has better identification and prediction performance for nonlinear time series identification and forecasting problems.
Evolving experience of operating theatre staff with the implementation of robotic-assisted surgery in the public sector
Authors: Steffens Daniel , McBride Kate E. , Roberts Rachael , Bannon Paul G. , Solomon Michael J.
Published: June 2020

Objectives The use of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) remains predominantly in the private sector. In the public sector, the effect of the implementation of RAS on theatre staff is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and attitudes of theatre staff before and after implementation of RAS in the public sector. Methods In all, 250 theatre staff, including nursing, medical and support staff, were invited to participate in the study. A survey investigating the benefits of RAS for patients and staff, concerns towards the workplace environment and facilitators towards the implementation of new technology was administered before (June 2016) and after (February 2019) the implementation of a comprehensive RAS program. Results The survey was completed by 164 (65.6%) staff before and 200 (80.0%) staff after the implementation of RAS. With time, most nursing (P = 0.002) and medical staff (P = 0.003) indicated that RAS may benefit patients by reducing intraoperative complications, whereas support staff remained uncertain about this benefit (P = 0.594). Before the implementation, most medical staff indicated that RAS would benefit staff, although after they were unsure about this benefit. Overall, before RAS implementation, theatre staff were mostly concerned about workplace safety, but this concern was significantly reduced after RAS implementation (P < 0.010). Conclusions With time, operating theatre staff considered their RAS program to be associated with enhanced benefits to patients, and their concerns regarding workplace safety were significantly reduced. Conversely, theatre staff were unsure about the benefits of RAS to themselves. It is important for organisations to consider the evolving impact of new technology on their staff and to refine ongoing education and training programs in line with these changes. What is known about the topic? The implementation of RAS is rapidly evolving in major hospitals. Therefore, it is important to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of operating theatre staff before and after the implementation of RAS, especially in the public sector. What does this paper add? This study found that with time theatre staff considered RAS to be beneficial to patients, and their initial concerns about the effect on workplace safety were significantly reduced. What are the implications for practitioners? It is important for organisations to consider the evolving impact of the implementation of new technology on operating theatre staff and to refine ongoing education and training programs as required.
A minimalist approach to the syntax of p
Authors: Real-Puigdollers Cristina
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a minimalist analysis of locative prepositions in Central Catalan, from a comparative perspective.
Specifically, I claim that certain semantic and syntactic properties that are usually considered part of the field of the extended
projection of PPs in cartographic approaches (categories like Place, Degree, K, and AxPart, for example) are in fact properties of the DP in
the complement of a preposition. This claim takes the view that adpositions are a functional projection that relates two DPs, the Figure and
the Ground, and not a lexical head that projects a functional domain on its own, as Ns, Vs or As (cf. den Dikken 2010; Koopman 2000). The final part of the paper proposes a model to account
for the variation that locative prepositions exhibit across Romance languages following the Conjecture of Borer (1984) (known as the Borer-Chomsky Conjecture since Baker 2008).
More precisely, I propose a model in which microparametric differences among Romance simple locative prepositions depend on the particular
composition of features in p.
On the encoding of negation by Source prefixes and the satellite-/verb-framed distinction
Authors: Gibert-Sotelo Elisabeth
Published: June 2020

This paper deals withTalmy’s (2000)typological distinction between satellite- and verb-framed systems by comparing the expression of negative meaning through Source prefixes in Latin and Spanish complex verbs. In particular, the claim is made that the different scope relations established between the Source prefixes and the verb root in each language are the reflection of their different typological nature. The core proposal is that Latin Source prefixes lexicalize a Path head that defines a phase, whereas the Path head lexicalized by the Spanish Source prefix is not phase-defining. This has consequences on the timing of Spell-Out as well as on the position in which roots are merged, which naturally accounts for the distinct lexicalization patterns shown by these prefixed constructions in both languages. The negative meaning of Source prefixes, in turn, is derived from the context in which they are embedded.
Nudges against pandemics: Sweden’s COVID-19 containment strategy in perspective
Authors: Pierre Jon
Published: June 2020

Sweden’s strategy to contain the COVID-19 pandemic stands out internationally as more liberal in terms of not ordering a complete lockdown of society. Sweden kept its primary schools, daycare centers and industries largely open. The government financially supported furloughed workers and increased its support to regional and local governments delivering healthcare and elderly care. However, the death toll in Sweden which passed 4000 by late May 2020 stands in stark contrast to those of other, comparable countries, raising questions about the design of the strategy, and its appropriateness. The paper argues that key assumptions sustaining the strategy, for instance that symptom-free people do not carry, and cannot transmit the Coronavirus, or that local and regional government staff had the necessary training and equipment to tackle the pandemic, along with problems associated with coordinating a decentralized healthcare system, may explain the poor performance of the Swedish containment strategy.
Policy capacity and Singapore’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Woo J J
Published: June 2020

Despite its excellent public healthcare system and efficient public administration, Singapore has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While fatalities in the city-state remain low and contact tracing efforts have been largely successful, it has nonetheless experienced high rates of infection and the emergence of large infection clusters in its foreign worker dormitories. This paper analyses this dual-track policy outcome – low fatalities but high infection rates – from a policy capacity perspective. Specifically, the policy capacities that had contributed to Singapore’s low fatality rates and effective contact tracing are identified while the capacity deficiencies that may have caused its high rates of infection are discussed. In doing so, I argue that the presence of fiscal, operational and political capacities that were built up after the SARS crisis had contributed to Singapore’s low fatality rate and contact tracing capabilities while deficiencies in analytical capacities may explain its high infection rate.
Using Möbius strip to describe non-integral spin of
electrons
Authors: Raj Arindam
Published: June 2020

This article presents a simple demonstration that can be used in high
school/introductory college level courses to explain the meaning of
½-spin of fermions like electrons. One can use a simple-to-construct
Möbius strip to distinguish 2π and 4π rotations of a point moving on
the strip. This idea can then be extended to a pointer/arrow (in classroom
settings, say a pen representing a classical analogue to the intrinsic spin
vector), to show how a 4π rotation is needed to return the pointer, to its
initial configuration with respect to the strip.
Low resistance n-contact for UVC LEDs by a two-step plasma etching process
Authors: Cho H K , Kang J H , Sulmoni L , Kunkel K , Rass J , Susilo N , Wernicke T , Einfeldt S , Kneissl M
Published: June 2020

The impact of plasma etching on the formation of low-resistance n-contacts on the AlGaN:Si current spreading layer during the chip fabrication of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV
LEDs) emitting at 265 nm is investigated. A two-step plasma etching process with a first rapid etching using BCl3/Cl2 gas mixture and a second slow etching step using pure Cl2 gas has been developed. The etching sequence provides smooth mesa side-walls and an n-AlGaN surface with reduced surface damage. Ohmic n-contacts with a contact resistivity of 3.5 × 10−4 Ωcm2 are obtained on Si-doped Al0.65Ga0.35N layers and the operating voltages of the UVC LEDs were reduced by 2 V for a current of 20 mA.
Instability and fingering of interfaces in growing tissue
Authors: Büscher Tobias , Diez Angel L , Gompper Gerhard , Elgeti Jens
Published: June 2020

Interfaces in tissues are ubiquitous, both between tissue and environment as well as between populations of different cell types. The propagation of an interface can be driven mechanically. Computer simulations of growing tissues are employed to study the stability of the interface between two tissues on a substrate. From a mechanical perspective, the dynamics and stability of this system is controlled mainly by four parameters of the respective tissues: (i) the homeostatic stress (ii) cell motility (iii) tissue viscosity and (iv) substrate friction. For propagation driven by a difference in homeostatic stress, the interface is stable for tissues which differ in their substrate friction even for very large differences of homeostatic stress; however, it becomes unstable above a critical stress difference when the tissue with the larger homeostatic stress has a higher viscosity. A small difference in directed bulk motility between the two tissues suffices to result in propagation with a stable interface, even for otherwise identical tissues. Larger differences in motility force, however, result in a finite-wavelength instability of the interface. Interestingly, the instability is apparently bound by nonlinear effects and the amplitude of the interface undulations only grows to a finite value in time.
Erratum: Axion boson stars
Authors: Davide Guerra  , Caio F.B. Macedo  , Paolo Pani
Published: June 2020

Please see the PDF file for details.
Physics and Humanity: the advancement of women in physics at universities
Authors: Gledhill I M A
Published: June 2020

The physics community of practice has been active at many levels in promoting the advancement of women. However, the percentages of women in university departments remain generally lower in physics than in the life sciences. Arguments relating to teaching and research loads and work-life balance are comparable in these disciplines. This paper addresses the questions of why the advancement of women is relatively slow in physics, and why comparative numbers return to their former levels at the conclusion of initiatives to improve gender balance. Several useful concepts and recent changes are summarised. It is suggested that two relevant dominant factors that differ across these fields are perceived gender bias in the fields, and belief that innate talent is a prerequisite, combined with the stereotype that women do not possess this talent. Two global projects are cited, one of which is currently in progress.
Informal physics teaching for a better society: a mooc-based and context-driven experience on learning radioactivity
Authors: Pizzolato N , Persano Adorno D
Published: June 2020

The general objective of teaching physics is to provide the learners with useful knowledge, in terms of both interdisciplinary scientific concepts and practical problem-solving skills. In this work, we report the experimental evidence, collected during a first year physics class in an upper secondary technical school, for the urgent necessity to adopt an informal and inquiry-based strategy to teach physics effectively, in particular to all those students living in degraded socio-economic environments. Within the pedagogical framework of “Learning by Doing” and the paradigm “Learning by Teaching”, we have explored the benefits of the students’ participation to an informal ICT-based and inquiry-driven learning experience about radioactivity. Subsequently, the same students attended, as scientific communicators, a national science exhibition where the majority of the secondary schools in the region presents their scientific exhibits. About three months after the participation to the scientific exhibition, the students answered to a questionnaire about radioactivity. Their answers have been analysed in comparison with those provided by a control group of students who attended a traditional lecture-based instruction. A significant improvement in the memorization of the main aspects concerning a radioactive decay, such as the definition of isotope, particle and electromagnetic radiation, the understanding of the radioactivity process at microscopic level, as well as a stronger view of the useful aspect of radioactivity in the everyday life have been definitely achieved by the students involved in this study.
Ladder Operators for the Rosen-Morse System Through Classical Analogy
Authors: Delisle-Doray L , Hussin V
Published: June 2020

In quantum mechanics, ladder operators allow to connect the eigenstates of a system together. Ladder functions are algebraically analog objects defined in the framework of classical hamiltonian physics. For a class of exactly solvable one dimensional Hamiltonians, both the ladder operators and ladder functions take a simple form and there is a close similarity between them. In this work, we show how the analogy extends to the case of the Rosen-Morse Hamiltonian, for which the ladder functions have a more complicated structure. We compute a form for the ladder operators, based on the ladder functions of the system and we analyse the correspondences between both cases. Physical mean values are also obtained as a byproduct of the construction.
Ermakov-Lewis Invariant for Two Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Ramos-Prieto I , Urzúa A R , Fernández-Guasti M , Moya-Cessa H M
Published: June 2020

We show that two coupled time dependent harmonic oscillators with equal frequencies have an invariant that is a generalization of the Ermakov-Lewis invariant for the single time dependent harmonic oscillator.
On Self-Adjointness of 3D—Dirac Operators with Singular Potentials
Authors: Rabinovich V
Published: June 2020

We consider the Dirac operator on ℝ3,

D

A
,
Φ
,

Q
s

=

∑

j
=
1

3

α
j

(
i

∂

x
j

+

A
j

(
x
)
)

+

α
0

m

−

Φ
(
x
)

I
4

+

Q
s

, with magnetic potential
A
(x) = (A
1(x), A
2(x), A
3(x))) and electrostatic potential Φ(x), where αj,j = 0, 1, 2, 3 are the Dirac matrices, Qs
= ΓδS
is a singular potential where δS
is the Dirac δ—function with support on an enough smooth surface S ⊂ ℝ3 divided ℝ3 on two open domains Ω+, Ω− with common unbounded boundary S, and Γ is 4 × 4 matrix. We associate with the formal Dirac operator D

A
, Φ, Qs

the unbounded in the Hilbert space L
2(ℝ3, ℂ4) operator D with domain defined by some interaction conditions on the surface S. The purpose of the paper is to give conditions of the self-adjointness of the operator D.
Multimode Two-Dimensional PT-Symmetric Waveguides
Authors: Contreras-Astorga A , Jakubský V
Published: June 2020

In this article, we apply a time-dependent Darboux transformation for the construction of PT-symmetric multimode optical waveguides where the non-separable complex fluctuations of the refractive index confine guided modes. We focus on a family of settings based on the hyperbolic Pöschl-Teller potential well. We show that the transformed systems have a “missing” state, an extra guided mode whose analog does not exist in the original system.
Featuring Causal Order in Teleportation With Two Quantum Teleportation Channels
Authors: Cardoso-Isidoro C , Delgado F
Published: June 2020

Causal order can improve the quantum information transmission in teleportation due a noisy entangled resource being present in it by using additionally an appropriate measurement state on the control state ruling the causal order. In this work, we get analytically the fidelity for the entire process under an arbitrary initialization of such control state and performing an optimal measurement on it, thus obtaining a perfect teleportation. We also analyse other values characterizing the imperfect entangled state where a perfect teleportation can not be reached. Notably, we determine that the best fidelity does not depend on the preparation of the control state but instead on the imperfect initial entangled resource.
Analysis of a Stratified Quantum Waveguide with Interactions at Interface Planes
Authors: Conde-Vazquez R , Barrera-Figueroa V , Rabinovich V S
Published: June 2020

In this paper we consider a quantum waveguide that consists of three strata ∏0 = {(x, x
3) ∈ ℝ3 : x
3 < 0}, ∏0,h
= {(x, x
3) ∈ ℝ3 : 0 < x
3 < h }, ∏
h
= {(x, x
3) ∈ ℝ3 : x
3 > h }, where x = (x
1, x
2) ∈ ℝ2. A potential of the form q = qr
+ qs
is established in this structure, where qr
is a regular bounded potential depending on only the coordinate x
3, and qs
is the singular potential qs
= α
1
δ (x
3) + β
1
δ´ (x
3) + α
2
δ (x
3 – h) + β
2
δ´ (x
3 – h) with support at the planes x
3 = 0 and x
3 = h. The Green’s function of the waveguide is constructed as an expansion involving the eigenfunctions and generalized eigenfunctions of an auxiliary one-dimensional Schrödinger operator. The asymptotic analysis of the Green’s function is carried out by means of the stationary phase method. This gives the leading contribution of the Green’s function far from the point source. Finally some numerical examples are considered for the application of the present analysis.
Wireless optical system using amplitude modulation with GNU radio on a Raspberry Pi
Authors: Zapata R E , Martínez R A , López F E , Góez G D
Published: June 2020

Visible light communication system arises to create wireless links using light-emitting diode luminaires. The literature reports multiple works in visible light communication using different development tools. However, most are based on signal processors, field-programmable gate Arrays and proprietary software to develop the algorithms. This paper presents a wireless optical communication system using amplitude modulation on both hardware and free software tools. An algorithm for amplitude modulation/demodulation in GNU Radio installed on the Raspberry Pi development card was created. Additionally, an optical transmitter based on a white light-emitting diode and a receiver with a solar panel was designed. Communication experiments were performed based on the distance of the system link. The results report that the optimal response of amplitude modulation/demodulation was achieved with a solar panel response of --68 dBmV at maximum distance of 3 m between transmitter and receiver at usual illumination levels, and the potential to use free hardware and software tools in the implementation and analysis of optical wireless communication systems.
Long-period fiber grating sensors fabrication at high-frequency carbon dioxide laser pulses
Authors: Rojas J F , Valencia S , Montoya-Cardona J A , Galvis J L , Gomez-Cardona N D
Published: June 2020

In this work, long-period fiber grating sensors are written by using a point to point technique based on the thermal shock of focused high-frequency carbon dioxide laser pulses at several kilohertz. The thermal response of each long-period fiber grating was characterized by using a Peltier module based control system. The average sensitivity of the sensor was calculated to be ∼ 0.079 nm/°C. The used technique facilitates to obtain compact and sturdy long-period fiber gratings, with low insertion loss and low-level back reflection.
An image fusion method based on the Hermite transform applied to nuclear medicine and x-ray tomographic modalities
Authors: Barba-J L , Vargas-Quintero L , Calderon J A , Torres Moreno C
Published: June 2020

Image fusion is an interesting processing task that has reached great significance for medical image analysis. In general, the combination of medical images coming from different modalities is a common practice that significantly helps in the process of diagnosis and detection of several diseases. In this work, we present a novel method for image fusion based on the Hermite transform which consists of a powerful tool that projects an input image into the space defined by the Hermite polynomials. The proposed approach is performed in three main stages. 1) The HT is applied to the input images, 2) The resulting coefficients are fused using the maximum and average intensity rules, and 3) The inverse HT is performed to obtain the final fused image. The method is applied and evaluated using several single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography studies taken for bone structures. Typical metrics were used to assess the proposed framework. We demonstrate that this methodology is able to efficiently fuse images coming from different modalities, particularly, nuclear medicine and x-ray tomographic techniques. With the Hermite transform, image features are successfully extracted which becomes fundamental in the process of image fusing.
Theoretical description of the electronic properties and intrinsic chemical reactivity of organic compounds derived from 1,3-Benzoxazole
Authors: Rivera E S , Ávila O I , Neira O L
Published: June 2020

The electronic and intrinsic chemical reactivity properties of four single ring chain structure organic compounds derived from 1,3-Benzoxazole, based on to mono- and bi-substitution of acceptor and donor fragments of electrons. This theoretical study was motivated by the need to inquire specifically about the effect of electric charge transfer individual and simultaneous of the substitutes into one of the parent compound phenyl rings. The amino and nitro groups were used as fragments, respectively. The results found from this study are important because it provides key aspects to understand mechanisms for the design of novel structures for the development of new materials with appropriate properties and explore their potential use as biomarkers, active media for tunable lasers, or active layers for solar cells and suggest their possible use for these applications based on 27-Phenyl-30-Oxazol-2-Phenyl-1,3-Benzoxazole from the comparative study of their electronic and chemical reactivity properties of 27-Phenyl-30-Oxazol-2-Phenyl-1,3-Benzoxazole and compounds derived. The Gaussian 03 software suite was used as a computer calculation tool, while the calculations were computed by using the hybrid functional that combines Becke’s three-parameter exchange functional with Lee Yang Parr’s correlation functional.
Full Monte Carlo internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine by means of GAMOS
Authors: Amato Ernesto , Auditore Lucrezia , Italiano Antonio , Pistone Daniele , Arce Pedro , Campennì Alfredo , Baldari Sergio
Published: June 2020

Three-dimensional internal dosimetry is increasingly used in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. Even if simplified calculation approaches are currently available, the full Monte Carlo simulation of the radiation spectra emitted by nuclides and its interaction in living matter remains the gold standard in terms of accuracy of results. We developed a procedure exploiting the GAMOS (GEANT4-based Architecture for Medicine-Oriented Simulations) interface to GEANT4 (Geometry and Tracking 4) Monte Carlo, together with ad-hoc implemented ancillary codes for managing I/O. SPECT and PET images were employed to model the 3D distribution of radionuclide emissions in a voxelized volume whose density and composition was obtained from CT scan. All pre-treatments of SPECT, PET and CT images, including registration, segmentation of Volumes Of Interest (VOIs) and calculation of Time-Integrated Activity (TIA) maps for multiple time-points imaging, were carried out through either the commercial Philips Imalytics or the free 3D-Slicer software. We applied our procedure to SPECT-CT pre-therapeutic imaging with 99mTc-MAA of Trans-Arterial Radio-Embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma and to 18F-Choline PET-CT scans. Three-dimensional absorbed dose maps, dose profiles and Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs) were produced and compared with results coming from Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) approach at organ level. Discrepancies were mainly found where photon contribution to absorbed dose is dominant as well as in presence of relevant tissue inhomogeneities.
Gamma ray detection with CHIMERA at LNS: results and perspectives
Authors: Cardella G , Favela F , Martorana N S , Acosta L , Andres M V , Camaiani A , De Filippo E , De Luca S , Gelli N , Geraci E , Gnoffo B , Guazzoni C , Marín-Lámbarri D J , Lanza E G , Lanzalone G , Maiolino C , Nannini A , Pagano A , Pagano E V , Papa M , Pirrone S , Politi G , Pollacco E , Quattrocchi L , Rizzo F , Russotto P , Santonocito D , Sicari V , Trifirò A , Trimarchi M
Published: June 2020

We describe the use of the 4tt CHIMERA charged particle detector as a large efficiency y-ray detector. The CsI(Tl) stage of the CHIMERA telescope is used to detect and identify y-rays. The high detection efficiency and the sufficient energy resolution guaranteed by CsI(Tl) allows us to use the detector for the study of rare decays. Two examples are reported: the low probability gamma decay (<10%) of the Pygmy resonance of a radioactive nucleus as the 68Ni; the measurement of the gamma decay probability of excited levels of 12C as the Hoyle state at 7.65 (∼10−4) MeV and the 3- level at 9.64 MeV (∼107), both important for the Carbon production in stars. Future experiments made possible at INFN-LNS by the availability of the new fragment separator FRAISE are also outlined.
Towards mapping the diversity of canopy structure from space with GEDI
Authors: Schneider Fabian D , Ferraz António , Hancock Steven , Duncanson Laura I , Dubayah Ralph O , Pavlick Ryan P , Schimel David S
Published: June 2020

Plant biodiversity supports life on Earth and provides a range of important ecosystem services, but is under severe pressure by global change. Structural diversity plays a crucial role for carbon, water and energy cycles and animal habitats. However, it is very difficult to map and monitor over large areas, limiting our ability to assess the status of biodiversity and predict change. NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) provides a new opportunity to measure 3D plant canopy structure of the world’s temperate, Mediterranean and tropical ecosystems, but its potential to map structural diversity is not yet tested. Here, we use wall-to-wall airborne laser scanning (ALS) to simulate GEDI data (GEDI
sim
) over 7380 km2 in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains in California and evaluate how well GEDI’s sampling scheme captures patterns of structural diversity. We evaluate functional richness and functional beta diversity in a biodiversity hot spot. GEDI
sim
performed well for trait retrievals (r2 = 0.68) and functional richness mapping (r2 = 0.75) compared to ALS retrievals, despite lower correlations in complex terrain with steep slopes. Functional richness patterns were strongly associated with soil organic carbon stocks and density as well as variables related to water availability and could be appropriately mapped by GEDI
sim
with and without cloud cover. Functional beta diversity was more strongly related to local changes in topography and more challenging to map, especially with decreasing sampling density. The reduced number of GEDI
sim
shots when simulating cloud cover lead to a strong overestimation of beta diversity and a reduction of r2 from 0.64 to 0.40 compared to ALS. The ability to map functional richness has been demonstrated with potential application at continental scales that could be transformative for our understanding of large-scale patterns of plant canopy structure, diversity and potential links to animal diversity, movement and habitats.
Aquaculture performance in Indonesia: economics and social perspectives
Authors: Oktopura A A D , Fauzi A , Sugema K , Mulyati H
Published: June 2020

Aquaculture is one of the fisheries sub-sectors that play a strategic role in national development. Currently, the aquaculture sector contributes significantly to both food security and national economic growth. This study aims to analyze the performance of aquaculture in 6 major islands located in Indonesia at the period of 2010 to 2018. The research was carried out with quantitative and qualitative approaches using descriptive analysis, taking into account economic and social aspects. Economic aspects were measured by five variable indicators, namely Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and aquaculture production volume, budget value, aquaculture land area and the number of fish farmer households. Social aspects were measured based on five variables of fish cultivator exchange rate (NTPi), budget value, price index received by fish cultivation, household consumption index, production cost index. The results showed that the contribution of aquaculture was fairly significant toward the achievement of national development goals, although not all indicators were able to achieve the set targets.
Water quality in floating net cages pond of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) infected by viral nervous necrosis
Authors: Yanuhar U , Caesar NR , Junirahma NS , Deliza Y , Musa M
Published: June 2020

Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is widely cultured in Indonesia due to its various advantages. Yet, the issue with humpback grouper pisciculture is the fact that it is prone to diseases, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The several disease-causing agents, viruses are quite dangerous agents. One of the viruses that can cause the failure of C. altivelis pond is Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN), which causes stress due to poor water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of water quality in grouper floating net cages infected by VNN. The research method used in this research was the descriptive method with surveillance survey techniques, including measurement and analysis of water quality. Water quality observed include temperature, pH, Dissolved of Oxygen (DO), salinity, nitrate, and phosphate. Water quality sampling was carried out three times. Based on observations of the clinical symptoms of groupers that were indicated to have been infected by VNN, they showed physical signs of blackened skin and protruding eyes as well as swirling movements. The water quality of floating net cages was 26.7°C, 7.49, 8.53 mg L-1, 32, 0.101 mg L-1, and 0.002 mg L-1, for temperature, pH, DO, salinity, nitrate level, and phosphate level, respectively. Based on the results of the study, the quality of water found in grouper aquaculture was still classified as normal. VNN infection in groupers was possible through a vertical pathway derived from the broodstock.
Hematological analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using hematology analyzer tools and manual at fish seed center, Pasuruan, East Java
Authors: Maftuch  , Sanoesi E , Asmara S D , Haromain A F , Nurcholis A , Wijanarko E
Published: June 2020

Hematology is one of the branches of science used to determine the condition of fish. In the calculation of blood cells in fish takes a relatively long time that will affect the accuracy of the results of blood cell calculations. Therefore, to overcome the problem, the research on hematology analysis is crucial. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of hematology analyzer tools and hand tally counter and to know the description of differential components of leukocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin in Common carp. The method used was the experimental and descriptive method. The results showed that hematology analyzer tools more accurate and efficient than using the hand tally counter. The application of Hematology analyzer tools resulted in a more accurate calculation of erythrocyte cells and leukocyte cells compared to manually using a hand tally counter.
Identification of the potential of brown seaweed (phaeophyceae) as an antibacterial against the pathogenic bacterium vibrio spp
Authors: Isroni W , Bahri A S
Published: June 2020

The high density of stocking as a consequence of increased aquaculture production turns out to have another effect, namely the disruption of the fish health system. The disruption of the health is due to the limited space and the unconsumed feed. The decline in water quality is followed by a decrease in endurance, making it easier for fish to contract the disease. Various types of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticoagulant, and other biological activities have been used to increase the survival of fish. Many natural ingredients can be used as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticoagulant, and other biological activities, including brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae). The study was conducted using the experimental method. Antibacterial testing followed the agar diffusion method. The results showed that there were three (3) types of brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae), which were potential as anti-bacterial against Vibrio alginolticus and Vibrio Harvey. Rosenvingea orientalis failed to show antibacterial capacity.
Effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on the non-specific immune response of carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Isroni W , Bahri A S , Siswarini
Published: June 2020

One natural ingredient that can enhance non-specific immune responses and fish growth is garlic powder. Garlic is one of the natural plants that contain active ingredients, such as sulfur compounds: allicin, disulfide, trisulfide; enzymes: alinase, pectinase; and amino acids: arginine and minerals like selenium. This study investigated the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the non-specific immune response of Carp (Cyprinus carpio). The study was conducted using the experimental method. The addition of garlic in this study was: treatment A (0 g/kg of feed), treatment B (5 g/kg of feed), treatment C (10 g/kg of feed), treatment D (15 g/kg of feed). Feed), treatment E (20 g/kg of feed), and treatment F (25 g/kg of feed). The observed parameter was an increase in non-specific immune responses, including total leukocytes and phagocytic activity and absolute growth parameters. Based on the result, garlic extracts increased the non-specific immune response of carp.