bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflict or cooperation? Exploring the relationship between cooperative institutions and robotisation
Authors: Van Overbeke Toon
Published: November 2022

Robotization of production challenges the status‐quo in the economy, some win, while others lose out. Literature has argued that automation causes redistribution, both between capital and labour as within either category. We also know that many economies have chosen to adopt cooperative institutions to negotiate the negative by‐products of such economic changes. What is, however, less clear is how such institutions influence rates of automation themselves. This article contributes to this debate by conducting a panel analysis of sectoral robotization rates and cooperative institutions in 25 OECD countries between 1993 and 2017 using an original institutional indicator. The findings suggest that aside from simply redistributing the costs and benefits of automation throughout the productive sector, cooperative institutions also meaningfully predict higher levels of robot density, showing that more institutionalized economies do not lag behind in terms of automation. What is more, these institutions also seem to co‐determine the rates of robotization occurring during recessions.
Partnerships in place: Facilitating rural local government entrepreneurialism in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Barrett Joshua , Vodden Kelly
Published: November 2022

Rural local governments across Canada, including those in Newfoundland and Labrador, struggle with many of their day‐to‐day operational activities, including providing appropriate drinking water, wastewater, and garbage collection services, among other essential services, and rarely have capacity to facilitate local economic development activities. In recent times, entrepreneurialism has been noted as having potential for rural local governments, yet little research has been completed to determine its presence and relevance for municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador. In response, we examined eight case study local governments in Newfoundland and Labrador to determine if, and how, entrepreneurialism was present in municipal efforts to increase economic prosperity in their communities. Findings suggest that while rural local governments continue to face challenges due to declining support for rural development from provincial and federal governments and increased downloading of responsibilities, some communities have established ways to remain resilient through partnerships and building on place‐based assets. This exploratory study provides a basis for further in‐depth research to determine the extent and approaches to entrepreneurialism in local government in rural Newfoundland and Labrador.
Frontal asymmetry assessed in infancy using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in early childhood
Authors: Kelsey Caroline M. , Modico Margaret A. , Richards John E. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Nelson Charles A.
Published: November 2022

Frontal asymmetry (FA), the difference in brain activity between the left versus right frontal areas, is thought to reflect approach versus avoidance motivation. This study (2012–2021) used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy to investigate if infant (Mage = 7.63 months; N = 90; n = 48 male; n = 75 White) FA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relates to psychopathology in later childhood (Mage = 62.05 months). Greater right FA to happy faces was associated with increased internalizing (η2 = .09) and externalizing (η2 = .06) problems at age 5 years. Greater right FA to both happy and fearful faces was associated with an increased likelihood of a lifetime anxiety diagnosis (R2 > .13). FA may be an informative and early‐emerging marker for psychopathology.
Group cooperation of village officials in Chinese rural resettlement: A lab in the field
Authors: Cheo Roland , Huang Kainan , Li Jingping
Published: November 2022

We examine decisions made by village officials in a public goods game and their impact on villagers' attitudes toward a resettlement project in seven rural villages in China. The data comes from two sources: (i) a laboratory experiment with village officials, and (ii) a survey of villagers. Villages whose officials exhibited more cooperative behavior in the laboratory reported higher support levels from the villagers. We find that teams with higher average contribution levels in the PGG game relayed the resettlement news to their villagers earlier than other teams and also possess greater altruistic preferences.
The effect of glucose oxidase enzyme on wool fibres
Authors: Avcı Berrak Buket , Erkan Gökhan
Published: November 2022

Glucose oxidase is a type of enzyme that converts glucose into hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid by enzymatic reaction. Glucose oxidase is widely used in industry; however, in the textile industry, glucose oxidase has only received academic interest. Previously, wool was bleached by some reducing agents; however, currently in industry, hydrogen peroxide dominates the bleaching of wool fibres. In this study, the effect of glucose oxidase enzyme treatment on wool merino fibres and dyeability properties was investigated. Wool fibres were treated with glucose oxidase enzyme, after which the whiteness index (Stensby) and yellowness index (ASTM D 1925 and ASTM E 313) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to identify the morphological structure of wool fibres and their atomic content. The chemical damage caused by enzyme was investigated using a fluorescence and a light microscope, and the alkali solubility (ASTM D 1283) was determined. After enzymatic treatment, the wool fibres were dyed at a 2.0% concentration with reactive dyes. Dyeability (K/S) and CIELab values were assessed with a Minolta CM 3600 D spectrophotometer (D65, 10°). The washing fastness of wool fibres was investigated according to TS EN ISO 105‐C06 (A1S).
Effects of different exercises on respiratory parameters: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gercek Hasan , Unuvar Bayram S. , Yilmaz Kamil , Akkoyun Sert Ozlem , Bagcaci Sinan
Published: November 2022

This study was designed to compare the effects of core stabilisation (CS) and auxiliary respiratory muscle strengthening exercises on oxygen consumption and respiratory parameters. A total of 51 participants were divided into three groups with block randomization method according to age and gender: CS Group (n = 17), Auxiliary Respiratory Muscles Exercise (ARM) Group (n = 17) and Control (C) Group (n = 17). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), first second of forced expiration (FEV1)/Forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) values were evaluated before and after the study. CS and ARM strengthening exercises were applied 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The increase in the FEV1/VC values was higher in the CS and ARM groups than in the C group (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the ARM and CS groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of VO2max values before and after the study (p > 0.05). The increase in the MVV values was higher in the CS and ARM groups than in the C group (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the ARM and CS groups (p > 0.05). CS and ARM exercises had positive effects on FEV1/FVC and MVV.
Sirt3 mitigates LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage in renal tubular epithelial cells by deacetylating YME1L1
Authors: Jian Yonghong , Yang Yifei , Cheng Lingli , Yang Xueyan , Liu Hongyan , Li Wei , Wan Yuhan , Yang Dingping
Published: November 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often secondary to sepsis. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathological process of AKI. In this study, we aimed to examine the regulatory roles of Sirt3 in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mitochondrial damage in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Sirt3 knockout mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS, and cultured TECs were stimulated with LPS to evaluate the effects of Sirt3 on mitochondrial structure and function in TECs. Electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect protein expression and examine mitochondrial morphology. Western blotting was used to quantify protein expression. We observed that LPS increased apoptosis, induced disturbances in mitochondrial function and dynamics, and downregulated Sirt3 expression in a sepsis‐induced AKI mouse model and human proximal tubular (HK‐2) cells in vitro. Sirt3 deficiency further exacerbated LPS‐induced renal pathological damage, apoptosis and disturbances in mitochondrial function and dynamics. On the contrary, Sirt3 overexpression in HK‐2 cells alleviated these lesions. Functional studies revealed that Sirt3 overexpression alleviated LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in TECs by promoting OPA1‐mediated mitochondrial fusion through the deacetylation of i‐AAA protease (YME1L1), an upstream regulatory molecule of OPA1. Our study has identified Sirt3 as a vital factor that protects against LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in TECs via the YME1L1‐OPA1 signaling pathway.
Pre‐meiotic deletion of PEX5 causes spermatogenesis failure and infertility in mice
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Shuangyuan , Song Chenyang , Zhu Haixia , Wu Bin , Zhang Aizhen , Zhao Hui , Wen Zongzhuang , Gao Jiangang
Published: November 2022

Peroxisomes are involved in the regulation of various pathological processes. Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), which plays an essential role in peroxisomal biogenesis, is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, its underlying functions in spermatogenesis have not yet been identified. Pex5 was deleted by crossing Stra8‐Cre mice with Pex5flox/flox mice before the onset of meiosis. The morphology of testes and epididymides, spermatogenesis function, and fertility in both wild type (WT) and Pex5−/− mice were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunofluorescent staining. Mechanism of PEX5 affecting peroxisomes and spermatogenesis were validated by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was used to profile the dysregulated genes in testes from WT and Pex5−/− mice on postnatal day (P) 35. The adult Pex5 knockout male mice were completely sterile with no mature sperm production. Loss of Pex5 in spermatocytes resulted in multinucleated giant cell formation, meiotic arrest, abnormal tubulin expression, and deformed acrosome formation. Furthermore, Pex5 deletion led to delayed DNA double‐strand break repair and improper crossover at the pachytene stage. Impaired peroxisome function in Pex5 knockout mice induced ROS redundancy, which in turn led to an increase in germ cell apoptosis and a decline in autophagy. Pex5 regulates ROS during meiosis and is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.
Pharmacology of inhibitors of Janus kinases – Part 2: Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Eichner Adina , Wohlrab Johannes
Published: November 2022

As small molecules, the Janus kinase inhibitors have different, dose‐dependent pharmacological binding selectivities, which, however, do not allow reliable statements about the clinical specificity of desired or side effects. It is therefore of particular importance to recognize that the pharmacodynamics of the individual Janus kinase inhibitors as a function of the treated indication is essentially determined by variable levels of regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the pharmacokinetic conditions. Against this background, it becomes clear that only clinical trial data in defined indications are suitable for evaluating the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors. An uncritical extrapolation of observations regarding efficacy and safety from studies of other indications should therefore only be made with due caution.
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add‐on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Gao Leili , Cheng Zhifeng , Su Benli , Su Xiuhai , Song Weihong , Guo Yushan , Liao Lin , Chen Xiaowen , Li Jiarui , Tan Xingrong , Xu Fangjiang , Pang Shuguang , Wang Kun , Ye Jun , Wang Yuan , Chen Lili , Sun Jingfang , Ji Linong
Published: November 2022

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of janagliflozin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.

Materials and methods

This multicentre phase 3 trial included a 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled period, followed by a 28‐week extension period. Patients (N = 421) with HbA1c of 7.0% or higher and 10.5% or less were randomized (1:1:1) to receive once‐daily placebo, janagliflozin 25 or 50 mg. After the 24‐week treatment period, patients on placebo were re‐randomized (1:1) to janagliflozin 25 or 50 mg for the additional 28‐week treatment, whereas patients on janagliflozin maintained the same therapy. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c to week 24.

Results

At week 24, the placebo‐adjusted least squares mean changes of HbA1c were –0.58% and –0.58% with janagliflozin 25 and 50 mg, respectively (P < .0001 for both). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% was higher with janagliflozin 25 and 50 mg compared with placebo (41.8%, 41.7% and 28.0%, respectively). Both janagliflozin doses provided significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour postprandial glucose, body weight and systolic blood pressure, and improvements in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity compared with placebo (P < .05 for all). The trends in improvement of these variables were retained during the 28‐week extension period. No severe hypoglycaemia occurred throughout the whole 52‐week treatment.

Conclusions

Janagliflozin 25 or 50 mg once‐daily added to metformin therapy significantly improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and systolic blood pressure, improved high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity, and was generally well‐tolerated by Chinese T2D patients who had poor glycaemic control with metformin monotherapy.
Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering in patients with diabetes: A pooled analysis of the STEP and ACCORD‐BP randomized trials
Authors: Yang Ruixue , Bai Jingjing , Fang Zhou , Wang Yang , Feng Yingqing , Liu Yunlan , Chi Hongjie , Deng Yue , Song Qirui , Cai Jun
Published: November 2022

Aim

To determine whether intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering can benefit hypertensive patients with diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We performed a pooled analysis of individual patient data from two randomized trials to compare intensive and standard SBP targets in hypertensive patients with diabetes (STEP diabetes subgroup and ACCORD‐BP standard glycaemic group, n = 1627 and n = 2362, respectively). We defined a modified primary outcome as a composite of stroke, major coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), heart failure, and cardiovascular death. The secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome and death from any cause. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used in the main analysis. We conducted one‐stage mixed‐effect models and two‐stage analyses as sensitivity and supplementary analyses to verify the robustness of the findings.

Results

A total of 3989 patients were randomized to undergo intensive (n = 1984) or standard SBP treatment (n = 2005). After a median follow‐up of 3.83 years, the primary outcome occurred in 193/1984 patients in the intensive group and in 247/2005 patients in the standard group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64‐0.93). The incidence rates for secondary outcomes were lower in the intensive group than in the standard group, but were not significantly different, except for stroke (intensive vs. standard: 32/1984 vs. 58/2005; HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36‐0.86). These results remained consistent in the additional sensitivity and supplementary analyses.

Conclusions

An intensive SBP‐lowering target of 110 to <130 mmHg reduces the cardiovascular outcomes compared with a standard SBP‐lowering target of 130 to <150 mmHg. The findings of this study support the favourable effects of intensive SBP lowering in hypertensive patients with diabetes.
Quantitative text analysis of the mechanisms of tooth injury: Analysis of accidents in five sports that occurred in 15 years under school control
Authors: Shimizu Shintaro , Tanabe Gen , Hayashi Kairi , Churei Hiroshi , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Ueno Toshiaki , Fueki Kenji
Published: November 2022

Background/Aim

Dental trauma may occur in school settings and it can impact patients' quality of life. Analysis of the occurrences of dental trauma is essential in identifying preventive methods. There are numerous reports of such accidents but most are quantitative analyses with limited data. The aim of this study was to extract information on the mechanisms of injuries that leads to prevention by performing a qualitative analysis of the occurrence of dental trauma.

Material and Methods

After screening 7684 cases of dental injuries that occured in schools and were reported to the Japan Sports Council between 2005 and 2020, 533 detailed descriptions of injuries that occurred during sports were included. Quantitative text analysis was performed on the target data by performing statistical analysis, extracting frequently used words, and creating a co‐occurrence network. Injury mechanisms were evaluated based on appearance of words.

Results

Dental injuries occurred frequently in five sports included in the survey. They were in order of decreasing frequency: baseball, basketball, soccer, volleyball, and rugby. Males were injured more often in all sports other than volleyball. The number of accidents increased in all sports among high school students. The frequent word list and co‐occurrence network were different for each sport. This allowed typical accident occurrence mechanisms to be extracted for these five sports.

Conclusions

Typical accident occurrence mechanisms were extracted from quantitative text analysis targeting free texts on the occurrence of accidents for five sports. Quantitative text analysis is useful for the evaluation of accident cases, which may aid in accident prevention.
Comparison of marginal and internal adaptation of three‐unit fixed dental prostheses made using CAD/CAM metal‐free materials
Authors: Baran Melike Cigdem , Demirci Fatih , Tuzlalı Mesut
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the marginal and internal adaptation of three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated from different metal‐free materials using CAD/CAM methods. A total of 100 three‐unit FDPs were produced from a cubic zirconia, a fiber‐reinforced resin composite, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and a polymer composite material by the CAD/CAM method (n = 20 per material). The zirconia group was considered the control/reference material. Marginal and internal gap values of the produced FDPs were measured using the silicone replica method at ×40 magnification under a stereomicroscope. The obtained data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests. The marginal and internal gap values for the cubic zirconia material were found to be statistically significantly lower than those seen for the PEEK, polymer composite, PEKK, and fiber‐reinforced resin composite materials. While the marginal and internal adaptation of the cubic zirconia material was found to be better than the others, it should be noted that the marginal and internal gap values for all other materials tested were found to be within the clinically acceptable range.
Optogenetic activation of the superior colliculus attenuates spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Hyder Safwan K. , Ghosh Anjik , Forcelli Patrick A.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Decades of studies have indicated that activation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus can suppress seizures in a wide range of experimental models of epilepsy. However, prior studies have not examined efficacy against spontaneous limbic seizures. The present study aimed to address this gap through chronic optogenetic activation of the superior colliculus in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods

Sprague Dawley rats underwent pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus and were maintained until the onset of spontaneous seizures. Virus coding for channelrhodopsin‐2 was injected into the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, and animals were implanted with head‐mounted light‐emitting diodes at the same site. Rats were stimulated with either 5‐ or 100‐Hz light delivery. Seizure number, seizure duration, 24‐h seizure burden, and behavioral seizure severity were monitored.

Results

Both 5‐ and 100‐Hz optogenetic stimulation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus reduced daily seizure number and total seizure burden in all animals in the active vector group. Stimulation did not affect either seizure duration or behavioral seizure severity. Stimulation was without effect in opsin‐negative control animals.

Significance

Activation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus reduces both the number of seizures and total daily seizure burden in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. These novel data demonstrating an effect against chronic experimental seizures complement a long history of studies documenting the antiseizure efficacy of superior colliculus activation in a range of acute seizure models.
Black Theology and Insights from African Women's Theologies
Authors: Phiri Isabel Apawo , Gunda Masiiwa Ragies
Published: November 2022

The rise in the public visibility of anti‐Black racism and intra‐Black xenophobia and racism has created a renewed thirst for responses that are unashamedly “Black centred” across disciplines and spheres. Can “Black theology” capitalize on this renewed thirst to recalibrate itself into a relevant response with the potential to impact lives outside of its traditional contexts of the US and South Africa? Using feminist methodologies, this article seeks to investigate the relationship between Black theology in Africa and African women’s theologies. Framed within similar concerns as feminist theologies, African women's theologies are also characterized by a commitment to prioritize women's experiences where traditionally, only men's experiences have been valued and prioritized. From this methodological approach, two critical questions will be brought to the fore: Where are the women in Black theology? What would Black theology look like if it considered gender a critical variable for theologizing? This article puts forward the following assertions: First, that Black theology in Africa has mainly been South African and failed to make its mark north of Limpopo due to its commitment to dismantle the political system of apartheid. Second, that Black theology in South Africa did not privilege gender as a variable worthy of pursuing because it focused more on what undermined the (South) African man. Third, that within Black theology lies the largely untapped potential to address not only growing waves of anti‐Black racism, but also, using an intentional intersectionality lens, to privilege gender, disability, and ethnicity in its purview.
Of Theological Burglaries and Epistemic Violence
Authors: Nadar Sarojini , Maluleke Tinyiko
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore how the historical roots of Black and other liberation theologies are undermined through the usurping of the vocabulary of decolonial language. Through a critical discourse analysis of a selected publication, we demonstrate how the foregrounding of perspectives, the trivializing of positionality and power, and the privileges accrued by proximity result in the plunder and proprietorship of decolonial archives and Black theological history. This, we argue, is a form of epistemic violence, a supreme irony when laying claim to a decolonial framing within scholarship. Adapting the method of “epistemic violence tracking,” as theorized by philosopher Kristie Dotson, we track the ways in which epistemic violence occurs through various discourses even within scholarship claiming to be decolonial. By bringing the discursive constructs of perspective, positionality, and proximity to bear on the research that is passed off as decolonial, we demonstrate how Black and other liberation theologies are not only fetishized but plundered and possessed through unjust means.
A near‐real‐time analysis of societal responses to Ukrainian refugee migration in Europe
Authors: Weisser Reinhard A.
Published: November 2022

Recent events in Ukraine led to a surge in refugee migration originating from within Europe not seen since WWII. Using global data on daily news coverage, this research highlights that during the 8 weeks before the outbreak of open hostilities, there was no change in the relative interaction frequency between societal stakeholders and refugees. This changed dramatically in the 8 weeks thereafter: In neighbouring countries, the share of news reporting interactions with refugees rose from next to nothing to between 5 and 13%. In the rest of Europe, this share increased to 1% or 2%. Beyond governments, an event‐study reveals inter‐governmental organisations, civil societies and businesses as major societal forces driving not just the public discourse but levels of support for refugees. Initially, business actors displayed the strongest responsiveness to individuals in need: They became 25% points more likely to engage in material cooperation with refugees. Gradually fading support from non‐government actors suggests that prolonged humanitarian crises may require a continuous near‐real‐time monitoring system and the coordination of various stakeholders' contributions to ensure an efficient provision of aid.
Transitions for older people with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge others: A rapid scoping review
Authors: Tilley Elizabeth , Jordan Joanne , Larkin Mary , Vseteckova Jitka , Ryan Sara , Wallace Louise
Published: November 2022

Background

People with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge others are living longer. This review aimed to explore what is known about the health and social care needs, experiences, service interventions and resources of and for this population as they transition to different care contexts in the UK.

Method

A rapid scoping review of published and unpublished literature was conducted based on collaborative working with key stakeholders and using systematic methods of data searching, extraction and analysis.

Results

Consistent social work support, skilled staff, suitable accommodation, creative engagement with individuals and families to plan ahead, and timely access to quality healthcare are all required to promote successful transitions as people age, and to avoid unwanted/inappropriate transitions at points of crisis.

Conclusions

More research is needed to assess the types of services that this population can and do access as they age, the quality of those services, and the extent to which local commissioners are planning ahead for people with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge others.
Atrial fibrillation: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical complications (literature review)
Authors: Bizhanov Kenzhebek A. , Аbzaliyev Kuat B. , Baimbetov Adil K. , Sarsenbayeva Akmoldir B. , Lyan Evgeny
Published: November 2022

The last three decades have been characterized by an exponential increase in knowledge and advances in the clinical management of atrial fibrillation. The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and a comprehensive investigation of the epidemiological data associated with various risk factors for atrial fibrillation. The leading research methods are analysis and synthesis, comparison, observation, induction and deduction, and grouping method. Research has shown that old age, male gender, and European descent are important risk factors for developing atrial fibrillation. Other modifiable risk factors include a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and high blood pressure predisposing to atrial fibrillation, and each has been shown to induce structural and electrical atrial remodeling. Both heart failure and myocardial infarction increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation and vice versa creating feedback that increases mortality. The review is a comprehensive study of the epidemiological data linking nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation, and the pathophysiological data supporting the relationship between each risk factor and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. This may be necessary for the practice of the treatment of the cardiac system.
Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of the photodermatoses with meta‐analysis of the prevalence of polymorphic light eruption
Authors: Burfield Laura , Rutter Kirsty J. , Thompson Bridie , Marjanovic Elizabeth J. , Neale Rachel E. , Rhodes Lesley E.
Published: November 2022

Information about the prevalence of photodermatoses is lacking, despite their substantial impact on life quality. Our objective was to systematically review the literature to establish what is known regarding prevalence and incidence of photodermatoses. We searched Medline, CINAHL and Embase from inception to 2021 to identify original population‐based studies in English literature reporting the prevalence and/or incidence of photodermatoses. Information was extracted according to geographical location and risk of bias was assessed using a 10‐point risk of bias tool for prevalence studies. Primary outcome was the population prevalence of photodermatoses. Prevalence data for polymorphic light eruption (PLE) were used to calculate the global pooled prevalence of PLE. Twenty‐six studies were included; 15 reported prevalence of photodermatoses based on samples of the general population and 11 on prevalence and/or incidence from national and international registry data. The general population studies involved PLE (nine studies), unspecified photosensitivity (2), actinic prurigo (2), juvenile spring eruption (1), chronic actinic dermatitis (1) and variegate porphyria (1), while registry studies reported on cutaneous porphyrias and genophotodermatoses (nine and two studies, respectively). Worldwide the prevalence of PLE between countries ranged from 0.65% (China) to 21.4% (Ireland). The pooled estimated prevalence of PLE was 10% (95% CI 6%–15%) among the general population (n = 19,287), and PLE prevalence increased with distance from the equator (r = 0.78,p < 0.001). While several photodermatoses are rare, photosensitivity can be prevalent at wide‐ranging world locations, including Egypt where photosensitivity was found in 4% of children and 10% of adults. This study showed that PLE is highly prevalent in many populations and that its prevalence shows a highly significant correlation with increasing northerly or southerly latitude. Available population‐based studies for photodermatoses suggest they can be prevalent at a range of world locations; more attention is required to this area.
Skin microbiome and its association with host cofactors in determining atopic dermatitis severity
Authors: Rauer Luise , Reiger Matthias , Bhattacharyya Madhumita , Brunner Patrick M. , Krueger James G. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Neumann Avidan U.
Published: November 2022

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory skin disease linked to skin microbiome dysbiosis with reduced bacterial diversity and elevated relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Objectives

We aimed to characterize the yet incompletely understood association between the skin microbiome and patients' demographic and clinical cofactors in relation to AD severity.

Methods

The skin microbiome in 48 adult moderate‐to‐severe AD patients was investigated using next‐generation deep sequencing (16S rRNA gene, V1–V3 region) followed by denoising (DADA2) to obtain amplicon sequence variant (ASV) composition.

Results

In lesional skin, AD severity was associated with S. aureus relative abundance (rS = 0.53, p < 0.001) and slightly better with the microbiome diversity measure Evenness (rS = −0.58, p < 0.001), but not with Richness. Multiple regression confirmed the association of AD severity with microbiome diversity, including Shannon (in lesional skin, p < 0.001), Evenness (in non‐lesional skin, p = 0.015) or S. aureus relative abundance (p < 0.012), and with patient's IgE levels (p < 0.001), race (p < 0.032), age (p < 0.034) and sex (p = 0.012). The lesional model explained 62% of the variation in AD severity, and the non‐lesional model 50% of the variation.

Conclusions

Our results specify the frequently reported “reduced diversity” of the AD‐related skin microbiome to reduced Evenness, which was in turn mainly driven by S. aureus relative abundance, rather than to a reduced microbiome Richness. Finding associations between AD severity, the skin microbiome and patient's cofactors is a key aspect in developing new personalized AD treatments, particularly those targeting the AD microbiome.
Metagenomic reveals succession in the bacterial community and predicts changes in raw milk during refrigeration
Authors: Guo Rong , Ju Ning , Wang Yuanyuan , Gou Meng , Li Puyu , Luo Yulong
Published: November 2022

In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze microbial succession and predict changes in raw milk during 6 days of storage at 4°C, aimed at determining how microorganisms drive the deterioration of refrigerated raw milk. The microbial community in raw milk changed significantly with an extension of refrigeration time (p < .01). The dominant bacterial genera gradually evolved from Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, and Anaplasma to Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Lactococcus. KEGG annotation results indicated that the main role of the bacterial community included amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and functioning as an ABC transporter. Additionally, lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were significantly expressed at the beginning, middle, and end of refrigeration, respectively. Refrigeration time is an important factor affecting the composition of the microbial flora in raw milk. The results of this study illustrate the role of microorganisms in the deterioration of refrigerated raw milk.
Experiential Training Workshops for Group Antenatal Care in Malawi
Authors: Gresh Ashley , Abrams Elizabeth T. , Chirwa Ellen , Jere Diana L. , Chodzaza Elizabeth , Chorwe‐Sungani Genesis , Kafulafula Ursula , Kapito Esnath , Patel Dhruvi R. , Jeremiah Rohan D. , Klima Carrie S. , MacDonald Amy , Norr Kathleen F. , Patil Crystal L.
Published: November 2022

The positive effects of the CenteringPregnancy group antenatal care (ANC) model on perinatal outcomes in the United States has led to its adaptation and implementation in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Facilitative discussions are a core component of this group ANC model. Facilitator training lays a critical foundation for delivery of this paradigm‐shifting model as practitioners learn to adapt their approach to health education from didactive to facilitative. However, there is little rigorous research focused on best practices for training group health care facilitators and none that is guided by a theoretical framework. Kolb's experiential learning theory offers a theoretical framework to guide the development of training workshops that allow trainees to experience, reflect on, and practice the facilitation skills needed to deliver this evidence‐based intervention. This article describes an experiential learning‐based training workshop that was implemented as part of an ongoing effectiveness‐implementation trial of a Centering‐based group ANC model in Blantyre District, Malawi. We provide a blueprint for conducting group ANC facilitator trainings that, in addition to imparting knowledge, effectively builds confidence and buy‐in to this paradigm‐changing approach to ANC delivery. This blueprint can be adapted for use in designing and implementing group health care across settings in the United States and globally.
Strengthening Interprofessional Collaboration to Improve Transfers Between a Freestanding Birth Center and an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Danhausen Kathleen , Diaz Hannah L. , McCain Manola A. , McGinigle Madeleine
Published: November 2022

The number of individuals choosing to give birth in a freestanding birth center has doubled since 2004. As many as half of all pregnant persons planning for a birth center birth ultimately develop medical complications and are unable to give birth outside of the hospital. Integrating birth centers into their regional perinatal health care system optimizes outcomes by establishing predetermined pathways for antepartum and intrapartum transfers of care and facilitates ongoing communication and cooperation among clinicians. The Vanderbilt Birth Center is a freestanding birth center that is operated by an academic medical center and partners with a hospital‐based midwifery practice that cares for patients transferring from the birth center. Since the inception of the birth center in 2015, the entire perinatal team has worked to improve the process and experience of patient transfer from birth center to hospital care. This article will present strategies implemented through the ongoing collaboration between birth center and hospital health care providers. These include adopting a shared electronic health record, clinical practice guidelines that align across birth sites, preparing birth center patients prenatally for the possibility hospital transfer, the presentation of a united team across birth sites, clear and widely disseminated communication pathways for hospital admission and patient handoff, and ongoing opportunities for interteam communication, collaboration, and education. These strategies may benefit similar midwifery practice models as they seek to partner with larger health care systems and improve the transfer experience for their patients.
Labour/data justice: a new framework for labour/regulatory datafication
Authors: MCCANN DEIRDRE , CRUZ‐SANTIAGO ARELY
Published: November 2022

Labour datafication – the accelerating quantification of working life, encompassing data use that extracts additional value from workers – is increasingly recognized as a dimension of the future of work. This article proposes a notion of ‘labour/data justice’ to capture both the deterioration of working life at the labour/data nexus and datafied strategies for effective regulation. We examine ‘labour/regulatory datafication’, focusing on conduits to unacceptable work, and argue that data justice scholarship provides interlinked contributions that are vital to a labour/data justice framework. We identify key components of this framework: a global perspective, the centring of human agency, an interest in the datafied pursuit of labour rights, and methodologies that value the agency of research participants and support collaboration and the co‐production of knowledge.
Genetic and pathogenic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains isolated in Burkina Faso
Authors: Traoré Oumarou , Wonni Issa , Cellier Gilles , Boro Fousseni , Allibert Agathe , Zombré Cyrille Tinlé , Ouédraogo Léonard Somgnogdin , Somda Irénée
Published: November 2022

Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a disease that negatively affects the cultivation of Solanaceae crops in Burkina Faso. Knowledge of the pathogen diversity is essential to deploy locally adapted control methods. In this study, diseased plants showing typical bacterial wilt symptoms were collected in the three main agroclimatic zones of Burkina Faso for the detection of RSSC isolates. Strain characterization was achieved through a phylogenetic and pathogenicity diversity assessment. A total of 102 isolates were sampled, and Phylotype I (Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum) was predominant (n = 101; sequevars 14, 31, 34, and 46). The remaining isolate was characterized as Phylotype IIA‐35 (Ralstonia solanacearum). Phylotypes I‐31 and I‐46 were predominant and both characterized as the most the aggressive group of strains amongst a subset of 33 representative isolates. Our findings provide valuable information as regard RSSC diversity that breeders and resistance programme should target in order to fight this pathogen in Burkina Faso and around the world.
A phase II, single‐center, double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial to explore the efficacy and safety of intravenous melatonin in surgical patients with severe sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Mansilla‐Roselló Alfonso , Hernández‐Magdalena Jorge , Domínguez‐Bastante Mireia , Olmedo‐Martín Carmen , Comino‐Pardo Ana , Escames Germaine , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío
Published: November 2022

To determine whether IV melatonin therapy improves redox status and inflammatory responses in surgical patients with severe sepsis, a unicenter, phase II double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was carried out. The study included patients with severe sepsis marked by infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), associated with organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension requiring surgical intervention. IV melatonin at a daily dose of 60 mg, which was dissolved in 500 ml of 5% dextrose serum, was continuously administered to the patients for over 30 min starting on the day of the diagnoses during a 5‐day period. A total of 14 patients received a placebo treatment and 15 melatonin doses. Redox status decreased in melatonin‐treated patients during the 5 days of treatment as compared to the placebo‐treated patients. Procalcitonin performed better in the melatonin group, whose neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was also significantly reduced, resulting in an improved evolution of the disease. Moreover, hospital stays decreased by 19.60% from 26.64 days for the placebo group to 21.42 days for the melatonin group. The placebo group recorded five mortalities, as compared to three for the melatonin group. IV melatonin administration improved the course of the disease in surgical patients with severe sepsis, with no side effects. Additional studies with higher doses of melatonin and a long duration of therapy need to be carried out to assess its clinical use.
Intracranial medulloblastoma as the cause of progressive ataxia in a 6‐month‐old draft horse cross gelding
Authors: Palmisano Megan , Bender Susan , Johnson Amy L.
Published: November 2022

We describe the unique clinical presentation of a central nervous system neoplasm in a 6‐month‐old draft horse cross gelding. Based on the neurologic examination at admission, neurolocalization was most consistent with a mildly asymmetric cervical, multifocal, or diffuse myelopathy. Mild vestibular involvement also was considered, but no cranial nerve deficits were observed. The gelding was negative forSarcocystis neuronaorNeospora hughesibased on paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples analyzed, with no evidence of cervical compression based on contrast myelography. The horse was euthanized because of progression of clinical signs. At necropsy, a mass was identified associated with the cerebellum, and histopathology was consistent with medulloblastoma, which has not been reported previously in the horse.
On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks
Authors: Shipilina Daria , Pal Arka , Stankowski Sean , Chan Yingguang Frank , Barton Nicholas H.
Published: November 2022

The term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of haplotype‐based inference methods. We argue that the term should be defined based on the structure of the Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which contains complete information on the ancestry of a sample. We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features of the relationship between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasizing the stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest cases of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich structure, often missed by commonly used statistics. We highlight a number of novel methods for inferring haplotype structure, based on the full ARG, or on a sequence of trees, and illustrate how they can be used to define haplotype blocks using an empirical data set. While the advent of new, computationally efficient methods makes it possible to apply these concepts broadly, they (and additional new methods) could benefit from adding features to explore haplotype blocks, as we define them. Understanding and applying the concept of the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and linked‐read sequencing technologies.
High similarities in dorsal fin ratios of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Niño‐Torres Carlos A. , Olvera‐Gómez Jose A. , Ramos Eric , Castelblanco‐Martínez Delma N. , Blanco‐Parra María P. , May‐Collado Laura J. , Sellares Rita
Published: November 2022

Dorsal fins, one of the most notable dolphin's physical features, play important kinematic and hydrodynamic roles and are related to physiological and environmental adaptation processes. Differences in dorsal fin shape have been recently associated with geographic variation, habitat specialization between ecotypes, and ontogenetic factors. We studied dorsal fin variation across several common bottlenose dolphin populations in the Caribbean. A total of 252 dorsal fin photographs from eight coastal regions in the Caribbean were selected for analysis. Dolphin dorsal fin proportions were compared among regions and compared with data previously collected from Holbox, Mexico. Dorsal fin models were constructed for each region. We found that across the Caribbean, coastal bottlenose dolphins exhibit low variation in dorsal fin shape, with the most common dorsal fin pattern having low and triangular shapes, two traits that greatly contrast with the oceanic ecotype. Also, significant differences in overall dorsal fin proportions found among some adjacent groups support the hypothesis that subgroups could be present even within extremely short geographical distances ‐ as has been previously documented. The results of this study can be implemented in population monitoring efforts worldwide, as it uses free software and provides a step‐by‐step guideline to analyze the data.