bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Formación en el Rol de la Dirección Eficaz en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía
Authors: García-Martínez Inmaculada , Higueras-Rodríguez Lina
Published: September 2018

Esta investigación surge del interés de conocer cómo formar a buen líder. Para ello se estudió los diferentes cursos especializados sobre formación de directivos escolares en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Se hizo una selección sobre los módulos/cursos que trataban la temática en sí: “Formación sobre el desarrollo de la Función Directiva”. Tras realizar el análisis se ha podido evidenciar la necesidad de formar a los directivos escolares para que lleven a cabo un buen liderazgo y gestión del centro educativo.
Дьявол на сцене «Белл Сэвидж»: эпизод антитеатральной полемики в Англии XVI–XVII вв.
Authors: Колесник Виктория Андреевна , Макаров Владимир Сергеевич
Published: September 2018

В статье рассмотрены исторический, культурный и религиозный контекст легенды о дьяволе, внезапно появившемся на сцене лондонского театра (в наиболее известном случае — трактира «Белл Сэвидж»). Авторы предлагают анализировать ее в рамках общего исследования театральной полемики XVI — первой половины XVII вв. с ее взаимовлиянием литературных жанров. Традиция связывать происхождение театра с дьявольскими силами отчасти подпитывается через восприятие актеров и зрителей как вольных или невольных слуг «альтернативной иерархии», восходящей к дьяволу — однако важна и интерпретация «дьявола на сцене» как предупреждения о необходимости покаяния.
Euthymia in Diabetes
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Bathla Manish
Published: September 2018

Euthymia, or optimal mood, is an integral part of health. A diagnosis of diabetes poses multiple challenges to mental and emotional health and may lead to psychological and psychiatric dysfunction. Such conditions influence glycaemic control negatively and may act as barriers to achievement of desired biomedical outcomes. This article describes the concept of euthymia in diabetes and calls for euthymia to be accepted as a target, as well as a tool, in modern diabetes care.
Self-measurement of Blood Glucose and Continuous Glucose Monitoring – Is There Only One Future?
Authors: Heinemann Lutz , Stuhr Andreas
Published: September 2018

Monitoring glycaemic control in patients with diabetes has evolved dramatically over the past decades. The introduction of easy-to-use systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) utilising capillary blood samples has resulted in the availability of a wide range of systems, providing different measurement quality. Systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) – used mainly in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) – were made possible by the development of glucose sensors that measure glucose levels in the interstitial fluid (ISF) in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin. CGM readings might not correspond exactly to SMBG measurement results taken at the same time, especially during rapid changes in either blood glucose or ISF glucose levels. The mean absolute relative difference is the most popular method used for characterising the measurement performance of CGM systems. Unlike the International Organization for Standardization 15197:2013 criteria for SMBG systems, no accuracy standards for CGM systems exist. Measurement quality of CGM systems can vary based on several factors, limiting their safety and effective use in managing diabetes. Patients have to be trained adequately to make safe and efficient use of CGM systems (like with SMBG systems). Also, systems for CGM must be evaluated in terms of patient safety and the ability to provide accurate measurements regardless of the fluctuation of glucose levels. As new technological advancements in glucose monitoring are essential for improved management options of diabetes, such as automated insulin dosing systems, there is a need for a critical view of all such developments. It is likely that both, SMBG and CGM systems, will play important future roles in the treatment of diabetes.
Non-pharmacological Treatment Options in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Raveendran Arkiath V
Published: September 2018

The global prevalence of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, has reached epidemic proportions in the last few decades of the 20th century because of the obesity pandemic resulting from adverse lifestyles. Diabetes as a consequence of obesity (diabesity), continues to increase exponentially in the 21st century. Although there are a multitude of drugs for the effective management of diabesity with modest benefits, most patients will require insulin for control of diabetes at some stage that would worsen obesity, and thereby diabesity. Therefore, effective non-pharmacological therapy needs to be expedited in all patients with diabesity. These measures include medical nutrition interventions, change of lifestyles and bariatric surgery. Non-pharmacological interventions are also useful for the effective management of even type 1 diabetes mellitus when used along with insulin therapy especially in those with obesity. This review summarises the current evidence base for the non-pharmacological interventions in the management of diabetes.
Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Acromegaly
Authors: Zahr Roula , Fleseriu Maria
Published: September 2018

Acromegaly is a rare disease, caused largely by a growth hormone (GH) pituitary adenoma. Incidence is higher than previously thought. Due to increased morbidity and mortality, if not appropriately treated, early diagnosis efforts are essential. Screening is recommended for all patients with clinical features of GH excess. There is increased knowledge that classical diagnostic criteria no longer apply to all, and some patients can have GH excess with normal GH response to glucose. Treatment is multifactorial and personalised therapy is advised.
Role of Mitotane in Adrenocortical Carcinoma – Review and State of the art
Authors: Paragliola Rosa Maria , Torino Francesco , Papi Giampaolo , Locantore Pietro , Pontecorvi Alfredo
Published: September 2018

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine tumour deriving from the adrenal cortex. A correct therapeutic strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach between endocrinologist, surgeon and oncologist. Surgery is the mainstay treatment in ACC while mitotane, deriving from the insecticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane, is the main base of the medical treatment of ACC in consideration of its adrenocytolitic activity. However, the use of mitotane as adjuvant therapy is still controversial, also in consideration of the retrospective nature of several studies. A prospective randomised trial (ADIUVO), recruiting patients with low-intermediate risk of recurrence, is evaluating the utility of adjuvant treatment with mitotane in this setting. The therapeutic response is observed with plasma levels of mitotane >14 mg/L. However, the major difficulty in the management of mitotane treatment is related to side effects and to the risk of toxicity, which is related to plasmatic levels >20 mg/L, that is considered the upper limit of the therapeutic window. Mitotane therapy results in adrenal insufficiency, and glucocorticoid replacement therapy has to be administered at higher doses than those used in other aetiologies of primary adrenal insufficiency. Furthermore, other endocrine side effects related to mitotane should be considered, in particular on thyroid hormone and testosterone metabolism. Waiting for new medical strategies on molecular targets, it will be mandatory to optimise the current knowledge by prospective trials and, in consideration of the rarity of the disease, collaborative studies between endocrinologists and oncologists are necessary
Contaminación microbiológica del aire al interior y el síndrome del edificio enfermo
Authors: Daza Pérez María Ángela , Martínez Benavides Diana Ximena , Caro Hernández Paola Andrea
Published: September 2018

Microorganismos como hongos y bacterias y las partículas biológicas que generan están involucrados en la contaminación al interior de edificaciones, causando deterioro en las infraestructuras y en algunos casos, problemas de salud. Tales microorganismos pueden estar presentes tanto en edificios enfermos como en sanos. Varios son los estudios que se han realizado para evaluar la calidad microbiológica del aire al interior y aún no es claro si existe una relación directa de la presencia de microorganismos en el aire y síntomas como los presentes en el síndrome del edificio enfermo. Sin embargo, los resultados de estos estudios claramente indican que es necesario evaluar la calidad del aire en las edificaciones, especialmente las públicas.
SAFVET-BEG BAŞAGİÇ’İN GÖZÜNDEN NERGİSÎ
Authors: Selçuk Bahir , Çelik Nurten
Published: September 2018

Bosnalı şair ve tarihçi Safvet-Beg Başagiç (1870-1934) “Bosnjacı I
Hercegovci U Islamskoj Knjizevnosti” (İslam Ebebiyatında Bosna-Hersekliler)
adlı eserinde, Bosna-Hersekli önemli şair ve yazarlara yer vermiştir. Hırvat
Mahmut Paşa, Derviş Paşa, Sâbit, Hersekli Arif Hikmet ve Nergisî, bu
sanatkârlar arasında göze çarpan isimlerdendir. Başagiç, Bosna’da doğan ve daha
sonra İstanbul’a gelen Nergisî’ye eserinde geniş yer ayırır. Nergisî’nin
hayatından ve eserlerinden bahseder, sıkıntılar içinde yaşadığına, oldukça
başarılı bir sanatçı olmasına rağmen gerekli ilgi ve takdiri göremediğine
işaret eder. Nergisî’yi Mütenebbî, Enverî, Ahsiketî, Verlaine gibi önemli
şairlerle mukayese eden Başagiç, onun büyüklüğünü ve sanatındaki başarısını
ortaya koymaya çalışır. Boşnakça yazılmış olan eserin Nergisî ile ilgili kısmı,
1917 yılında Ş. B. imzalı bir mütercim tarafından Yeni Mecmua’nın 15-19.
sayıları arasında, Edebiyat Tarihi başlığı altında yayımlanmıştır. Bu çalışma
kapsamında Ş.B. tarafından tercüme edilmiş bu bölümün çevriyazısı yapılacak ve değerlendirmelerde
bulunulacaktır. 
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YAŞAM BOYU ÖĞRENME EĞİLİMLERİ
Authors: Gökyer Necmi , Türkoğlu İsmail
Published: September 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi
ve yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre
karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu araştırma anlık tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın
evrenini, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında, Fırat Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi
bünyesinde bulunan yedi bölümünün birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü
sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplam 1740 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini
ise, her bölümden basit tesadüfi örnekleme yolu ile belirlenen toplam 1205
öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Diker Coşkun
ve Demirel (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu
öğrenme eğilimleri (YBÖEÖ)” adlı ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan
öğrencilerin; Güdülenme, merak yoksunluğu alt boyutlarında yaşam boyu
öğrenme eğilimlerinin çok az uyuyor
düzeyinde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bulguya göre öğrencilerin bu alt
boyutlardaki yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Sebat, öğrenmeyi düzenlemede yoksunluk ve
ölçeğin tamamında kısmen uyuyor
düzeyinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bulguya göre de öğrencilerin bu alt
boyutlardaki yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin yüksek olduğu söylenebilir.
ÖZEL TASARRUFUN BELİRLEYENLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Özcan Burcu , Peker Ayşe Esra
Published: September 2018

Ülke
ekonomilerinin yatırım- tasarruf eşitliğini sağlamaları ülkenin iç dengesi
açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ancak Türkiye gibi birçok gelişmekte olan ülkede,
tasarruf miktarının yatırımların altında kaldığı ve tasarruf açığı sorununun
kronikleştiği görülmektedir. Tasarruf açığının yaşanması ülkenin yatırım
yapabilmek için uluslararası finans kaynaklarına kaymasına neden olmaktadır. Bu
durum ülkenin dışa bağımlılığını artırmasının yanı sıra dış finans
kaynaklarından gelen para nedeniyle ülke parasının değerlenmesine, cari açık
oranının artmasına ve ülkenin uluslararası arenada güç kaybetmesine yol
açmaktadır. Dışa bağımlılığın artması
ülkenin dış kaynaklı krizlere olan hassasiyetini de artırmak da ülkeyi ekonomik
risklere açık hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda tasarruf olgusunun
belirleyicilerinin ele alınması Türkiye gibi ülkeler için büyük önem arz
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 1985-2014 dönemleri arasında özel tasarruflar ile tasarruf
belirleyenleri arasındaki ilişkinin Pesaran vd. (2001) tarafından geliştirilen
eşbütünleşme testi ile sınanması amaçlanmıştır.  Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, enflasyon
oranındaki azalışların, kamu tasarruf oranı ve yaşlı bağımlı nüfus oranındaki
artışların özel tasarrufları azalttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
EMILE DURKHEIM ÜZERİNDEN MORDECAI M. KAPLAN’I OKUMAK: DİN KAVRAMI VE KOLEKTİF BİLİNÇ
Authors: Aydın İbrahim Ethem
Published: September 2018

Bu
makale, XX. Yüzyılda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde ortaya çıkan Yahudilikte
Yeniden Yapılanma Hareketi’nin kurucusu olan ve Yahudiliği, Yahudi toplumunun
dini medeniyeti olarak gören Yahudi düşünür, sosyolog, filozof Mordecai M.
Kaplan’ın (1881-1983) Fransız sosyolog Emile Durkhem’den (1858-1917)
etkilendiği yönleri inceler. Kaplan da birçok bilim ve fikir adamı gibi, sosyolojinin
bir bilim haline gelmesinde önemli katkılar sağlayan Durkheim’ın özellikle din
alanında yaptığı çalışmalardan yararlanmıştır.

Kaplan,
Durkhem’in özellikle din kavramı, Tanrı, kutsal ve kolektif bilinç
fikirlerinden etkilenmiştir. Kaplan’a göre, din esasen sosyal bir fenomendir.
Dinin hakikatini kavramak, çalışma tarzını gözlemlemek ve gelişimini takip
etmek için bazı sosyal gruplar içinde işleyişini incelemek gerekir. Dini
toplumun bir ürünü olarak kabul eden Kaplan, dininin toplumsal tezahürü olarak
iki kavrama işaret etmektedir. Bu kavramlardan birincisi Tanrı, diğeri de
kutsaldır.O, Tanrı’yı dini
tecrübenin merkezine yerleştirmektedir. İnancın temeli onun “God-idea” dediği
“Tanrı-fikri”ne dayanır. Kaplan, Durkheim gibi her dinin özünde kutsal
duygusunun yer aldığını savunur. Kutsalın karşılığı “yüce değerdir.” Kaplan’a
göre, zaman içinde insanlar ve tüm toplumlar belli nesnelere, varlıklara,
kişilere ve fikirlere bir dokunmazlık statüsü  verme eğiliminde olabilir. Kaplan’ın
Durkheim’den ilham aldığı en önemli hususlardan biri de Durkheim düşünce
sisteminde yer alan  ve bir toplumsal güç
olarak kabul edilen kolektif bilinç kavramıdır. Kaplan’a göre din bütün sosyal
gruplarda var olan canlı bir enerji biçimidir. Kaplan için, kolektif bilinç
denilen bu toplumsal enerji Yahudi toplumunun yaşam şeklidir.
GEMİ İNŞA SEKTÖRÜNDE GÜVENCESİZ ÇALIŞANLAR ÜZERİNE SOSYOLOJİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: İlhan Süleyman , Yılmaz Mevlüt
Published: September 2018

Bu
çalışmada, gemi inşa sektöründe güvencesiz şartlarda çalışan kesimlerin anlam
dünyaları bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla irdelenmektedir. Çalışmayla, güvencesizliğin
yarattığı/dayattığı belirsiz ve riskli durumlar konusunda tersane
çalışanlarının kendi bakış açıları ve beklentilerinin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır.
Alan araştırmasına dayanan bu çalışma, İstanbul/Tuzla Tersaneler Bölgesi’ndeki
gemicilik sektöründe, taşeron ve gündelik olarak istihdam edilen 301 tersane
çalışanına anket formu uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler
yapılan gözlemler ve enformel görüşmelerle desteklenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları
bağlamında şu tespitlere ulaşılmıştır: Gemi inşa sektöründe çalışanlar kötü
çalışma şartları, düşük ücret, sosyal hakların zayıflatılması vb.
boyutları/sonuçlarıyla güvencesizliği derinlikli bir şekilde deneyimlemektedir.
Taşeronluk uygulamalarıyla geçiciliği, belirsizliği yoğun yaşayan tersane
çalışanlarında iş güvencesizliği algısı artmaktadır. Gemi inşa sektöründe iş
kazalarının yaşanmasında güvencesiz çalışma ortamı ve koşulları büyük etkendir.
Yaşanan güvencesizlikler çalışanların fiziksel ve psikolojik sağlıklarını
olumsuz etkilemekte ve sosyal yaşam dünyalarını bozarak dayanışma bağlarını
zayıflatmaktadır. Tersane çalışanları arasında düşük ücret ve ödemelerdeki
belirsizlikler süreklileşmiş borçlu bir yaşamı dayatmaktadır. Çalışanlar
arasındaki yaygın güvencesizlik
sendikal faaliyetlere yaklaşımı geriletmekte ve çalışanların örgütlenmelerini
engellemektedir. 
MÜSAVAT PARTİSİNİN 1911 – 1922 YILLARI ARASINDAKİ FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: Budak Alperen
Published: September 2018

1905
Rus Devrimi, Rusya hâkimiyetindeki diğer milletlerle birlikte Azerbaycan Türk’lerini
de etkiledi ve siyasi hayatlarında önemli gelişmeler sağladı. Rus Devrimi’yle kısıtlı
bir hürriyet ortamına kavuşan Türklerin kurmuş oldukları siyasi teşekküllerden
biri olan Müsavat Partisi, Azerbaycan siyasi hayatında en etkili ve en önemli teşkilat
olarak yerini almıştır. Müsavat Partisi, şiddetli baskılara maruz kaldığı için
faaliyetlerini gizli yürütmüş ve hatta lideri Mehmet Emin Resulzade baskılar dolayısıyla
parti çalışmalarını Azerbaycan dışından yönetmek zorunda kalmıştır. Fakat yine
de faaliyetlerine devam etmiş ve 1918 yılında Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin
ilan edilmesinde en etkili unsur olarak kendisini göstermiştir. 1911 yılında resmen
kurulan Müsavat Partisi, Azerbaycan’ın 1920’de Sovyet işgaline uğramasıyla güç
kaybına uğramış ve 1922 yılında etkinliğini tamamen yitirmiştir. 
BANDUNG KONFERANSI VE TÜRKİYE
Authors: Murat Turgay
Published: September 2018

İkinci
Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra meydana gelen gelişmeler, dünya siyasetinde birçok
değişiklikleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bunlardan en önemlisi ise ABD ve
Sovyet Rusya’nın dünyayı çok kutuplu bir eksene taşımasıdır. Savaş sonrasında
ortaya çıkan bu güçlerin başlatmış oldukları Soğuk Savaş süreci, ABD’nin
öncülüğünde Batı Bloku, Sovyet Rusya’nın öncülüğünde ise Doğu Bloku olarak
ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye ise bu süreçte Sovyet Rusya’nın tehditlerinden dolayı
tarafını Batı Bloku yani ABD’den yana seçmiştir. Böylece dünya siyaseti bu iki
hakim gücün çevresinde şekillenmeye başlamıştır. Ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan
sonra bağımsızlıklarını kazanan çoğunluğu Asya- Afrika milletlerinin
oluşturduğu birçok devlet, Doğu ve Batı bloku dışında bir oluşum içerisine
girmeye çalışmıştır. Bu devletler, her alanda bağımsız olabilmeleri için ne
Doğu ve ne de Batı bloklarından hiçbirine taraf olmamaları ve bu yapıların
içinde yer almamaları gerektiği hususunda bir araya gelmişlerdir.

Biz
bu çalışmamızda Asya- Afrika ülkelerinin Doğu ve Batı Blokları dışında
oluşturmaya çalıştıkları ittifakı incelemeye çalışacağız. Bu amaçla bu
ittifakın ilk adımı olan Bandung Konferansı, görüşülen konular ve Türkiye’nin
tutumu hakkında bilgi vermeye çalışacağız.
Prevalence of urinary tract infection among children
Authors: Almofarreh Moatez , Alowaa Zainab , Junainah Elaf , Alshahrani Nourah , Alharbi Meshal , Alkhalifah Waleed , Aldmak Amer , Salawi Mohammed , Alaradi Abdullah , Althomali Ruya
Published: September 2018

Urinary tract infection is the third most common cause of febrile illness among children. UTI carries a considerable morbidity among this vulnerable age group because of its potential complications (e.g. hypertension and renal failure). Because diagnosis of UTI among the pediatric age group is challenging if solely based on clinical setting, knowledge of the actual prevalence rates of UTI among children is essential for pediatricians to determine the cost benefit effect of requesting investigations for suspected cases. Infants and children with UTI often present with fever with or without urinary symptoms. During assessment of a febrile child, pediatricians should be aware of the prevalence and risk factors for UTI in febrile children that necessitate further investigations. Prevalence of UTI among children is highly variable among different studies and the variability is attributed to multiple factors. This article aims at reviewing the prevalence of UTI in children reported among various literature studies and discussing factors influencing this prevalence.
Information Literacy Skills of First-Year Library and Information Science Graduate Students: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hebert Andrea
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective – This cross-sectional, descriptive study seeks to address a gap in knowledge of both information literacy (IL) self-efficacy and IL skills of students entering Louisiana State University’s Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) program.
Methods – An online survey testing both IL self-efficacy and skills was administered through Qualtrics. The online survey instrument used items from existing instruments (Beile, 2007; Michalak & Rysavy, 2016) and was distributed to two cohorts of incoming students; the first cohort entered the MLIS program in fall 2017, and the second entered in spring 2018.
Results – Data varied between cohorts and between survey instruments for both IL self-efficacy and skills; however, bivariate analysis of data indicated a moderate positive correlation between overall IL self-efficacy and demonstrated IL skill scores in both fall 2017 and spring 2018 cohorts.
Conclusion – The study indicates a need for a larger, multi-institutional study using a rigorously validated instrument to gather data and make generalizable inferences about the IL self-efficacy and skills of incoming LIS graduate students.
Low Levels of Teacher Information Literacy Awareness and Collaboration Between Librarians and Teachers in Information Literacy Instruction
Authors: Warren Ruby
Published: September 2018

A Review of:
McKeever, C., Bates, J., & Reilly, J. (2017). School library staff perspectives on teacher information literacy and collaboration. Journal of Information Literacy, 11(2), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.11645/11.2.2187
Abstract
Objective – Researchers sought to determine school library staff perspectives on the information literacy knowledge held by secondary school teachers, and teacher relationships with the library.
Design – Interviews analyzed with thematic and axial coding.
Setting – Secondary schools in Northern Ireland.
Subjects – 21 schools across Northern Ireland were selected as a sample, including urban, rural, integrated, grammar, and secondary schools. 16 schools ultimately participated.
Methods – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with one library staff member at each selected secondary school. Interview audio and notes were transcribed and coded thematically both manually by the researchers and using NVivo. Categories were identified by open coding, then relationships identified via axial coding.
Main Results – The majority (10 of 16) of library staff members interviewed expressed that they had not been asked about information literacy by teachers, and only one library staff member described a truly collaborative instructional relationship with teaching staff. The majority of staff expressed either that teachers were familiar with concepts related to information literacy but did not know the name for them, or, that they thought information literacy was entirely unfamiliar to teachers at their school. Staff frequently cited competing priorities (for example, standardized testing) and limited class time as potential causes for teachers not focusing on information literacy concepts.
Conclusion – Both cultural and policy changes need to be made in schools to prioritize information literacy as a core competency for both students and teachers. The researchers call for greater intra-school collaboration as a means to achieve this cultural change.
Time to Move EBLIP Forward with an Organizational Lens
Authors: Howlett Alisa
Published: September 2018

No abstract.
Editorial Responsibilities
Authors: Kloda Lorie A.
Published: September 2018

(no abstract)
Problem (nie) innowacyjności w projektach odnowy wsi
Authors: Wolski Oskar
Published: September 2018

Odnowa wsi, w założeniu, stanowi innowacyjną (na tle tradycyjnych) koncepcję rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, co przejawia się m.in. w oddolności podejmowanych inicjatyw, upodmiotowieniu społeczności wiejskiej czy w docenieniu zalet wsi, wynikających z faktu bycia wsią. Niemniej, mająca w Polsce miejsce praktyka wskazuje, że owe cechy odnowy wsi nie są materializowane w postaci realizowanych projektów. Innymi słowy, istnieje wyraźna rozbieżność między tym, czym odnowa wsi jest w teorii (naukowej), a czym w praktyce (projektowej). W związku z powyższym celem pracy była odpowiedź na pytania: (1) W jakim stopniu projekty odnowy wsi w Polsce są innowacyjne? (2) Co decyduje o innowacyjności projektu odnowy wsi? (3) Czy praktyka odnowy wsi w Polsce pozwala na wdrażanie innowacyjnych rozwiązań? W pracy zastosowano różnorodne metody, m.in. studium przypadku, ocenę ekspercką, czy analizę dyskursu potocznego. Spośród realizowanych projektów odnowy wsi dominują te dotyczące infrastruktury społecznej. Jedynie około 2% ogółu projektów posiadało znamiona innowacyjnych. Z uwagi na ich niewielką liczbę trudno wskazać czynniki decydujące o ich innowacyjności; niemniej można przypuszczać, że jednym z nich było pewne „wyłamanie się” beneficjentów z typowego sposobu myślenia o środkach zewnętrznych. Otoczenie instytucjonalno-finansowe wsi, dążąc do podtrzymania dotychczasowego stanu równowagi w relacjach lokalne elity – władza – społeczność lokalna, przeciwdziała realizacji innowacji, które są rozwiązaniami niestandardowymi, nietypowymi, uznając jednocześnie, że projekty sztampowe są „bezpieczniejsze”.
Od animacji do innowacji. Jak aktywizować wiejskie społeczności? Przykład Krzaków
Authors: Konieczny Mateusz
Published: September 2018

W artykule zostały ukazane działania podejmowane w niewielkiej wsi na Sieradzczyźnie, które przyczyniły się do zwiększenia aktywności mieszkańców, a przede wszystkim stworzyły młodzieży aktywną formę spędzania wolnego czasu w okresie wolnym od nauki szkolnej. Artykuł stanowi również próbę podsumowania 15-letniego dorobku działalności młodzieży z Krzaków, która od 2003 roku realizuje akcje i projekty odpowiadające na potrzeby wskazywane przez społeczność lokalną. Obecnie nie tylko w jednej miejscowości, ale na terenie gminy. Sposób podejścia do animacji opisany został z perspektywy organizatora, który w procesie działania nabywał nowe kompetencje i umiejętności niezbędne do realizacji zaplanowanych inicjatyw.
“Not Only with Thy Hands, But Also with Thy Minds”: Salvaging Psychologically Damaged Soldiers in the Second World War
Authors: Brooks Jane
Published: September 2018

This essay breaks new ground in exploring the tensions in female nursing during the Second World War as the mental health needs of the injured were increasingly acknowledged. Advances in weaponry and transportation meant that the Second World War was a truly global war with mobile troops and enhanced capacity to maim and kill. A critical mass of female nursing sisters was posted to provide care for physical trauma, yet the nature of this uniquely modern war also required nurses to provide psychological support for troops readying for return to action. Most nursing sisters of the British Army had little or no mental health training, but there were trained male mental health nurses available. Publications of broadcasts by the Matron-in-Chief of the British Army Nursing Service detail the belief that the female nurse was the officer in charge of the ward when the patients had physical needs. However, that the nursing sister held this position when the patients’ requirements were of a psychological nature was at times tested and contested. Through personal testimony and contemporary accounts in the nursing and medical press, this essay investigates how female nursing staff negotiated their position as the expert by the psychologically damaged combatants’ bedside. The essay identifies the resourcefulness of nurses to ensure access to all patient groups and also their determination to move the boundaries of their professional work to support soldiers in need.
Social Plasticity in the Fish Brain: Neuroscientific and Ethological Aspects
Authors: Maruska Karen , Soares Marta C. , Lima-Maximino Monica , de Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique , Maximino Caio
Published: September 2018

Social plasticity, defined as the ability to adaptively change the expression of social behavior according to previous experience and to social context, is a key ecological performance trait that should be viewed as crucial for Darwinian fitness. The neural mechanisms for social plasticity are poorly understood, in part due to skewed reliance on rodent models. Fish model organisms are relevant in the field of social plasticity for  at least two reasons: first, the diversity of social organization among fish species is staggering, increasing the breadth of evolutionary relevant questions that can be asked. Second, that diversity also suggests translational relevance, since it is more likely that “core” mechanisms of social plasticity are discovered by appealing to a wider variety of social arrangements than relying on a single species. We analyze examples of social plasticity across fish species with different social organizations, concluding that a “core” mechanism is the initiation of behavioral shifts through the modulation of a conserved “social decision-making network”, along with other relevant brain regions, by monoamines, neuropeptides, and steroid hormones, as well as the consolidation of these shifts via neurogenomic adjustments and regulation of the expression of plasticity molecules.
Fine-Resolution Mapping of Fine Dust Concentration in Urban Areas and Population Exposure Analysis via Dispersion Modeling
Authors: Son Seungwoo , Kim Dongwoo , Jeon Hyungjin , Kang Youngeun , Kim Seogcheol , Cho Kyunghak , Yu Jaejin
Published: September 2018

It is currently difficult to obtain accurate fine dust information in residential areas due to the insufficient number of air quality monitoring systems and spatial imbalances. Therefore, a detailed particulate matter dispersion model including factors such as land use and meteorological information was developed in this study and used to create fine dust concentration distribution maps. The fine dust concentration distribution maps currently available to citizens were compared with those obtained by dispersion modeling, and population distribution data were employed to compare the populations exposed to fine dust according to the two methods. The results of the existing method and the developed particulate matter dispersion model differed significantly. For instance, the PM2.5 concentrations in Daejeon, South Korea, on February 17, 2018, were 56% “Good” and 44% “Moderate,” according to the existing method, while they were 31% “Good,” 26% “Moderate,” 28% “Unhealthy,” and 15% “Very Unhealthy,” according to the dispersion model. Furthermore, the existing method indicated that no portion of the population was exposed to poor fine dust concentrations, while the proposed model revealed that over 170 thousand people were exposed to such concentrations. These results on fine dust distributions will contribute to sustainable urban and environmental planning.
Utility of Diketone in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New Substituted Pyrimidines and Fused Pyrimidine of Potential Biosignificant Interest
Authors: Reheim Mohamed A.M.A. , Hafiz Ibrahim S.A. , Rady Hend S.E.A.
Published: September 2018

Aim and Objective: In this study, a new series of iminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized
from the reaction of the key intermediate 2-imino-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(5H)-one 4 with a variety
of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents under a variety of mild conditions. The structures of the newly synthesized
compounds were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial
activity of this series was evaluated in vitro and they showed either weak or moderate activities.

Materials and Methods:

All melting points were measured using Akofler Block instrument and are uncorrected.
IR spectra (KBr) were recorded on FTIR 5300 spectrometer (υ, cm-1). The 1H NMR spectra were recorded
on a Varian Gemini spectrometer. The 1H NMR spectra were run at 400 MHz and 13C NMR spectra were run at
100 MHz in DMSO-d6 as a solvent. The chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (ppm) by using
tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference. 1000 EX mass spectrometer at 70 eV. The purity of synthesized
compounds was checked by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) (aluminum sheets) using n-hexane, ethyl
acetate (7:3, V/V) eluent. Elemental analysis was carried out by the Microanalytical Research Center, Faculty
of Science, and Microanalytical Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, compounds 4, 5 and 12 were used as efficient precursors for the synthesis of new
heterocycles including 2-imino-2,3-dihydropyrimidine moiety with expected biological activities.
Performance of a table vibration type coffee grading machine
Authors: Widyotomo Sukrisno , Mulato Sri
Published: September 2018

One of important coffee beans quality is the size uniformity. To confirm with the standart requirement, coffee beans have to be graded before being traded. Until now, grading process is still carried out fully manual, so that the grading cost is very expensive about 40% of total processing cost. Meanwhile, shortage of skill workers is as a limiting factor of the process. Therefore, machine for grading coffee beans is good alternative for grading cost. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute has designed a table vibration type coffee grading machine for grouping of coffee beans in order to consistent quality and reduce grading cost. The machine has dimension of 272 cm length, 126 cm height, and 144 cm width. The machine has three primary components, i.e. grader table, combustion engine, and beam. The machine has three kinds of grader table that each grader table has different holes size, i.e. 7 mm x 7 mm for top grader table, 5 mm x 5 mm for axle grader table, and 4 mm x 4 mm for bottom grader table. Each grader table has dimension of 206 cm length, 105.5 cm height, and 14 cm width. The grading mechanism is by vibration grader table with the power source 5.5 HP combustion engine. The results shown that the outlet are in farms of three grades of coffee beans with connected to each compartement. Assessment of the grading machine reveals that the optimum capacity of 1,406 kg/hour reached when the speed 2,600 rpm and the angle 10O. Economic analysis showed that operational cost for grading one kilogram Robusta coffee beans with moisture content 13—14% wet basis is Rp 7.17.Key words : grading, coffee, quality, vibration table.
Effect of Storage Period on the Viability of Bare Root Cocoa Seedlings
Authors: Rahardjo Pudji
Published: September 2018

An experiment to study the storage of bare root cocoa seedling may be used as an alternative technology to transport of cocoa seedling. The storage period were 2, 3 and 4 days using: Randomize Complete Design and 4 replications. Each replication was used 25 seedlings. The results showed that bare cacao seedling storage for 2, 3 and 4 days decreased wet weight 1—2 g, and leaf number 2—4. Seedling viability percentage for 2, 3 and 4 days storage was 90.00; 97.50 and 75.00% respectively.Key words :Bare root, cocoa seedling, storage, viability.
Effect of Storage Temperature on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Viability on Several Carriers
Authors: Sukamto Sri
Published: September 2018

One of the entomopatogenous fungus types commonly observed and showed potency as myco-insectiside is Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill.In order to support effectiveness and patogenous activity of B. bassiana, it is necessary to add a carrying agent that protects its spores from ultra violet ray. This study aims to investigate the effect of storage temperature on viability of B. Bassianaspores on the carrier material. The observation was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. The research was arranged in completely randomized design by three factors. The first factor was carrier (C), that consists of C1 = rice flour, C2 = maize flour and C3 = tapioca flour. The second factor was dosage (D), that consists of D1 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 1 g carrier; D2 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 5 g carrier and D3 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 10 g carrier. The third factor was temperature of the storage (T),that consists of T1 = 5oC; T2 = 23oC and T3 = 29oC. Viability of B. Bassiana spores was examined by observing development of 100 blastopores randomly and determined under light microscope with 400 times magnification. Observation was conducted in two replicates after the spores of B. bassiana were kept in the storage for 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks. The result showed that by adding 1 g tapioca flour and temperature of storage of 5oC was potentiall in keeping viability of B. bassianaspores at least for 2 months. It was due to that tapioca flour gave better effect than rice and maize flours in keeping the storage and appropriate low temperature. Viability of B. bassianaspores decreased with increasing carrier dosage, temperature and duration of the storage. Whereas, storage at 5oC was found to be a better condition in keeping viability of dry pure B. bassianaspores longer than conditions of 23o and 29oC. Key word:Beauveria bassiana, temperature, viability,carrier.
Relationship Between Pod Characteristics of Some Cocoa Clones (T. cacaoL.) and Their Resistance Response to Cocoa Pod Borer
Authors: Wahyu Susilo Agung , Mangoendidjojo Woerjono , . Witjaksono
Published: September 2018

Characteristic study on CPB resistance had been carried out by characterizing mesocarp layer of cocoa pod where egg laying and larva penetration are carried out. For this study, 4 clones were selected which performed different response to CPB, namely resistant clones of KW 514 and ARDACIAR 10, moderately resistant clone of KW 411 and the susceptible clone of RCC 72. Pod samples were classified as young and mature were detached from cocoa collection at the experimental station of Kaliwining, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Jember. Characterization was conducted based on microchemical method at the Microtechnique Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University to identify trichome appearance at upper layer of pod, distributed granules of tannin through mesocarp and lignification of the sclerotic. It was characterized that the trichome density performing resistant in which the resistant and moderately resistant clones had more number of trichome density than of the susceptible one. The distributed granules of tannin at young pod showed significant difference among those clones that indicate resistant characteristics. The number of distributed granules of tannin was higher of those the resistant and moderatly resistant clones than of the susceptible clones that were formed both at furrow and at ridge of pod. However, the granules of tannin were distributed more at ridge than at furrow where furrow were preferred by CPB for egg laying. The characteristic differences between the resistant and moderately resistant clones were identified based on the intensity of lignification at sclerotic tissue. The lignified tissue of the resistant clones perform more intensive and more compact than of the moderately resistant clones. Tissue of young pod of the moderately resistant and susceptible clones was not yet lignified. Thickness of lignified tissue at the furrow of resistant clone was higher than of the moderately resistant and susceptible clones. Key words : Theobroma cocoa L.,cocoa pod borer, resistant, mesocarp, sclerotic, trichome, tannin.
Physical and Flavor Quality of Some Potential Varieties of Arabica Coffee in Several Interval Storage Periods
Authors: . Yusianto , Hulupi Retno , . Sulistyowati , Mawardi Surip , Ismayadi Cahya
Published: September 2018

Coffee storage was an active process, where the quality and flavor was depend on the origin, humidity, temperature, period, and ware house condition. The objective of this research was to know quality and flavor of some Arabica coffee varieties in interval of storage periods. The examined coffee varieties were BP 416 A, BP 430 A, BP 432 A, BP 509 A, BP 542 A, P 88, AS 1, S 795, and USDA-762. The treatments were recent harvest, one and two years stored green coffee. The green coffee were wet processed, sun dried, packed in polyethylene bags, one kg/pack and placed in some covered plastic boxes. The boxes were stored in ware house covered with wavy asbes roof and flat asbes ceiling. The green coffee was examined for its moisture content, color, and bulk density. The green coffee was roasted at medium level, and then examined for its the bulk density, yield, volume of swelling, and color of the roasted and powdered. The flavors examination was blind test method. The research showed that storage period significantly influenced the moisture content, color, and bulk density of green coffee, yield, volume of swelling, color of roasted coffee, color, and flavor profile of coffee powder. Those varieties tested showed significantly different on the moisture content, green coffee color, roasted coffee color, coffee powder color, and the profile flavor. The storage period influenced the green coffee color from greenish-gray to yellowish-red. The bulk density of green coffee decreased. The varieties that showed a little color changeduring storage, were BP 430 A,BP 416 A, AS 1, and S 795. One year of storage periode, the green coffee was still had the original color, but after two years, the original color had changed totally. The powder of recent harvest coffee was darker than that of one and two years storage. One year stored coffee had higher quality of aroma, intensity of aroma, quality of flavor, intensity of flavor, acidity, quality of after taste, intensity of after taste and preference, than the recent harvest and two years stored coffee. recent harvest had higher body, bitterness, and astringency, than that of one and two years stored coffee. The main off-flavor of recent harvest coffee was green and grassy, the one year stored coffee was harsh, woody, earthy, and sour, while the two years stored coffee was harsh, woody, earthy and moldy. The flavor change in the first year was higher than in the second year storage. The varieties, that had lowest change on flavor during storage, were BP 416 A, AS 1, P 88, BP 432 A and S 795. Key words: Coffee, Arabica, variety, clone, storage, quality, flavor, color.
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Resistance Evaluation Againts Black Pod Diseaseand Effectiveness of Inoculation Methods
Authors: Rubiyo Rubiyo , Purwantara Agus , Suhendy Dedy , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas , Ilyas Satriyas , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: September 2018

The general objective of this experiment was to standardize method of resistance evaluation of cacao germplasm against Phytophthora palmivora, the pathogen causing black pod disease in cacao. The sepecific objectives were to evaluate (1) effects of inoculum type and pod injury, (2) effects of inoculum type and seedling injury, and (3) effects of genetic background of cacao seedlings on infection of P. palmivora. In this experiment, effectiveness of either zoospora or mycellia was evaluated as inoculation sources for pod, leaf and stem of cacao clone GC 7 and Sca 12. Part of the tested cacao pods, leaves, and stems were injured prior to P. palmivora inoculation while the others were not. Observations were conducted on diameter of the necrosed symptoms on inoculated cacao pods, number of necrosed spot on inoculated leaf, and the length of necrosed symptoms on stem of tested cacao seedlings. Results of the experiment indicated inoculation using mycelia of P. palmivora was more effective than zoospora and injuring the tested cacao pods and seedlings before P. palmivora inoculation can be used to prediction the resistance of tested cacao clones against P. Palmivora infection. Results of resistance prediction using detached pod assay was similar to that of using seedling assay; therefore, seedling assay could be used as an alternattive method of resistance evaluation. Cacao F1 hybrids derived from TSH 858 x Sca 12 showed some resistance against P. palmivora and they might potentially result in high yielding lines.Key words: Phytophthora palmivora, cacao breeding, germplasm evaluation, inoculation standardization, pod assay, seedling assay.
Impact of Long Dry Season on Bean Characteristics of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Sumirat Ucu
Published: September 2018

Bean characteristics in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) should be taken into considerations in coffee breeding. Beside genetic factor, environment has been known as an important factor in the formation and change of composition of bean characteristics. This research aimed to find out the effect of long dry season on changes of bean characteristics. The population observed consisted of 277 genotypes originated from reciprocal crossings of three parental namely BP 409, BP 961 and Q 121. Observation was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Garden of ICCRI in Jember, East Java during two years with different drought intensity i.e. 2005—2006 and 2006—2007 production years. The result showed that long dry season decreased the range value of population of normal beans, pea beans and triage beans, and followed by decreasing in the mean value except for normal beans. Long dry season also influence the change of value range of empty bean to higher proportion, and followed by increasing in the mean value. Distribution pattern of normal beans tend in to remain at high proportion, in contrast to those of pea and triage beans. In other side, long dry season tended to change distribution pattern of empty beans to at high proportion. Correlation analysis among beans characteristics showed that normal beans had negative correlations with pea beans and empty beans. Pea beans had a positive correlation with empty beans. Long dry season decreased proportion of pea bean and triage bean, in contrast to those of empty beans. Increasing proportion of empty bean was caused by failure of growth to normal bean under stress condition. Key words : Coffee canephora, bean characteristics, long dry season, variation, correlation, composition.
Identification of Soil Organic Nitrogen Substance Acting as Indicator of Response of Cocoa Plants to Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: Bako Baon John
Published: September 2018

An indicator needed for estimating the presence of response of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) trees to nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been well understood, however there is still little progress on the work on identification of organic N fraction which regulates the response of cocoa to N fertilizer. The objective of this study is to identify a fraction of soil organic N which is very closely related with degree of cocoa response to N fertilizer. Hydrolyses were performed on soil samples derived from 23 sites of cocoa plantations distributed both in Banyuwangi district (12 sites) and in Jember district (11 sites). Analysis of organic N fractions consisted of total hydrolysable N, ammonium N, amino sugar N, amino acid N and combinations of those fractions. To investigate the level of cocoa plants response to N fertilizer, seedlings of cocoa were planted in plastic pots treated with and without urea as source of N. Degree of response of cocoa plants to N fertilizer was measured based on growth parameters, such as plant height, leaf number, stem girth, fresh weight of stem, leaf and shoot; and dry weight of stem, leaf and shoot. Results of this study showed that biggest response of cocoa was shown by dry weight of leaf at the level of 29,22% (in the range of -17,43% – 95,98%), whereas the smallest response was shown by stem dry weight at the level of -1,04 (in the range of -26,16 – 47,54). From those of organic N fractions analyzed, only N ammonium did not show any significant correlations with all the growth parameters observed. Leaf dry weight was the most closely related parameter with nearly all organic N fractions followed by shoot dry weight and stem girth. The soil organic N fraction which had very significant relation with cocoa plant response was total hydrolysable N. Using the method of Cate-Nelson, it was revealed that cocoa gardens contain total hydrolysable N less than 1273 mg/kg were classified as responsive to N fertilizer.Key words: plant response, Theobroma cacao, soil organic nitrogen, N fertilizer, soil testing, fertilization, soil variability, soil hydrolysis