bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and Discussion of Reserve-production Balance Coefficient in Oilfield
Authors: Ren Lei
Published: February 2021

The reserve-production balance coefficient is the ratio of the annual increase in recoverable reserves to the annual oil production, also known as production reserve replacement ratio. What is the relationship between the index and the stable production of oilfield? How to use the index to predict the stable production ability of oilfield? When the annual increase in recoverable reserves is greater than the annual oil production, it can only mean that the resource base is further strengthened, but whether the annual oil production in the following year can be kept stable or increased, it also depends on the ability of new recoverable reserves to be converted into annual oil production and the magnitude of the decline rate of the previous year’s annual oil production. Based on the analysis of the critical value of stable production of the reserve-production Balance Coefficient, this paper discusses how to apply the reserve-production Balance Coefficient in oilfield development, and when the reserve-production Balance Coefficient reaches what critical value, the annual oil production of an oil field can be stabilized or increased in the next year.
An Oil and Gas Big Data Sharing Model Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Wang YuYan , Huang Shujun , Yu Xiang
Published: February 2021

With the continuous in-depth application of new technologies such as big data and Internet of Things in the oil and gas field, the scale and value of oil and gas data continue to rise, laying the foundation for oil and gas big data sharing. Oil and gas big data sharing can effectively integrate different data sources and break the dilemma of “data islands” where data in the oil and gas field are separated from each other. However, there are problems in actual practice such as (1) difficulties in trust among different government departments, scientific research institutions and enterprises, (2) insufficient data privacy protection, and (3) weak data traceability. In response to the above problems, this article proposes a model of oil and gas big data sharing based on blockchain technology. We build a blockchain for oil and gas big data sharing alliances to secure oil and gas big data by utilizing the decentralization and non-tampering characteristics. We also provide supports for oil and gas big data sharing by controlling data access strictly based on the smart contracts. The evaluation and analysis results show that this model makes oil and gas big data more secure and authoritative compared with the traditional centralized sharing method.
Design and Application of Intelligent Monitoring and Identification System in Coal Mine
Authors: Ma Long , Chen Qing
Published: February 2021

In order to speed up the construction of smart mines, aiming at the problems of inspection and monitoring of important equipment such as belt conveyor and water pump room in coal mines, an intelligent monitoring and identification system for coal mines was developed, and its composition and realization functions were introduced. The system integrates the functions of data collection, video monitoring, intelligent analysis and fault alarm, and intelligently monitors the underground production site and large-scale equipment, realizing unattended operation, which provides powerful support for digital mine construction.
Pilot test of the low temperature SCR technology in cement plant
Authors: Liu Huaiping , Fang Jingrui , Li Junhua
Published: February 2021

The low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) was used for deep De-NOx in a cement kiln. The SCR pilot plant with a flue gas of 10000 m3/h was designed and constructed. To meet the emission standard, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technique was carried out and the concentration NOx in flue gas was ca. 270mg/m3. The De-NOx efficiency of SCR decreased with the increase of space velocity and exceeded 77.7% without the ammonia injection. When space velocity was 2500h-1, the de-NOx efficiency of SCR has been further improved by the addition of ammonia injection. After a long time of test, it suggested that the proposed De-NOx technology scheme could stably and effectively control the NOx emission in flue gas, and could meet the ultra-low emission standard.
Study on The Effect of Humic Acid on The Migration Distance of Wetting Front During Water Infiltration
Authors: Jing He
Published: February 2021

Humic acid is widely used at this stage, and studying the influence of humic acid on the transportation distance of wet front in the process of soil water infiltration is helpful to agricultural production. Orthogonal test table L16 (45) was used to design the test plan. Three test factors, humic acid, soil bulk density, and initial soil moisture content, were selected, and four levels were selected for each factor for experimental research. The test results show that all three factors have an impact on the distance of the wet front migration, but humic acid has the largest and most obvious impact.
Analysis of Volatile Components in Baihaoyinzhen white tea co-fermented with Vanilla and Citri Grandis Exocarpium by HS-SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Huang Baiqi , Wu Juxian , Wu Xiaorong , Shi Xiaoyan , Lin Haohao , Chen Haibin
Published: February 2021

Flavor, bioactivity, and commercial value are different in various kinds of tea. To improve the aroma and quality of Baihaoyinzhen white tea (BHYZ), different BHYZ was prepared by co-fermented with Vanilla (BHYZ-V) or Citri Grandis Exocarpium (BHYZ-C). The results showed that the volatile components of BHYZ were significantly changed after co-fermented, when HS-SPME-GC-MS was used for analysis. Thirty-nine, thirty-eight, and forty-four volatile compounds were identified by MS similarity in BHYZ, BHYZ co-fermented with Vanilla and BHYZ co-fermented with Citri Grandis Exocarpium (CGE), respectively. The volatile components in BHYZ-V with high content were similar to the BHYZ, but the content of most components increased. However, twenty-eight volatile components were only found in BHYZ-C, of which the predominant aroma compounds were D-limonene (39.28%), γ-terpinene (9.03%), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (8.51%), linalool (7.25%), and germacrene D (4.61%). The results indicated that CGE enhanced aroma characteristic of BHYZ rather than Vanilla, which would be a feasible way to improve the quality of BHYZ.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-based study of the lead-acid battery industry
Authors: Gao Tao , Hu Lidan , Wei Mengxiao
Published: February 2021

Lead-acid batteries are the most widely used type of secondary batteries in the world. Every step in the life cycle of lead-acid batteries may have negative impact on the environment, and the assessment of the impact on the environment from production to disposal can provide scientific support for the formulation of effective management policies. A study was conducted on a lead-acid battery company using the life-cycle assessment method. The evaluation method of CML2001Dec07 provided by Gabi5 software was used to calculate and analyze the list, and the results showed that the environmental impact of the final assembly and formation stage was the greatest, among which, the most important type of environmental impact was the contribution of non-living resource consumption.
Study on the technical method of linking environmental impact assessment of park planning with emission permit based on total emission control of pollutants
Authors: Huang Lihua
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes that the park should be regarded as the key unit of total pollutant control and allocation in China. In order to improve the environmental quality of the park, the technical path of linking the environmental impact assessment of the park planning with the emission permit is studied. It includes target estimation of total pollutant control, total pollutant allocation technology, linkage of total pollutant control index, etc. Put forward suggestions for system optimization. It provides a useful reference and reference for the research and improvement of China’s planning EIA system and emission permit system.
Air quality perception satisfaction and influence factors analysis in Shandong, China
Authors: Zheng Yan , Sun Yong , Ji Min , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2021

With the development of the economy and the improvement of the quality of life, people’s sensitivity and the willingness to the air quality have also increased. In order to analyze the public’s perceived satisfaction with air quality, this paper processed and cleaned up the data of more than 20,000 air pollution complaints in Shandong Province, and calculated the air quality perceived satisfaction by constructing an emotional words library in the field of air quality. Based on the calculation results of air quality perception satisfaction in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2018, and then combined with IoT monitoring data, industrial development level and GDP data, the factors affected air quality perception satisfaction were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The public’s perceived satisfaction with air quality is not directly related to the concentration of objective pollutants in the air. (2) In areas where industrial enterprises are densely distributed, the perceived satisfaction with air quality tends to be worse. (3) In cities with high levels of economic development, the public’s perceived satisfaction with air quality tends to be worse.
Adsorption behavior and mechanism on U(VI) from aqueous solutions by polydopamine-modified titanate nanotubes
Authors: Zuo Yangyang , Li Ye , Hu Juntao , Liu Shuang
Published: February 2021

In this work, uniform polydopamine (PDA) layers by self-polymerization of dopamine were successfully coated around titanate nanotubes (TNTs) to enhance its adsorption ability. The polydopamine-functionalized titanate nanotubes (PDA-TNTs) exhibited outstanding U(VI) adsorption capacity (247.53 mg/g) and rapid adsorption efficiency. The nitrogenous groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups of PDA coordinating with UO22+ was dominant, while ion exchange between Na+/H+ and U(VI) was of secondary importance. Besides, the introduction of PDA significantly alleviated the competitive adsorption between U(VI) and coexisting metal ions, making it possible for PDA-TNTs to be an effective sorbent to remove U(VI) in radioactive wastewater.
Adsorption performance of biochars from agricultural and forestry wastes
Authors: Ren Xiaoli , Tan Ying , Lai Xuehui , Zhu Kaijin
Published: February 2021

Four types of biochars were prepared by using sawdust, corn straw, peanut hull and fallen leaves as materials, respectively. The characteristics of four types of biochars were analyzed by SEM, FTIR and BET, the SBET of SDC, PHC, CSC and FLC were 1168.45, 846.95, 825.51 and 401.26m2·g−1. The adsorption conformed to the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm.
Research on Climatic Influencing Factors of Low Temperature Cracking Index of Asphalt Pavement in Cold Area
Authors: Gao Hui , Xu Bo
Published: February 2021

According to the current Chinese standards, the prediction model of asphalt mixture low-temperature cracking index does not consider the influence of climatic factors on the performance of pavement materials and low-temperature stress. This paper analyzes the influence of cooling conditions and long-term aging in cold areas on the low-temperature damage of pavement. It is proposed that the prediction model of asphalt mixture low temperature cracking index is a function model that changes with time. It is necessary to consider parameters such as cooling rate and creep rate attenuation index to correctly predict the low temperature cracking condition of roads within the service life.
Limestone-Gypsum Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ni Tingting , Wang Yunzhong , Huang Chenghui , Jiang Dongsheng , Liu Qingyu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, chemical precipitation process is used for the treatment of the desulfurization wastewater generated by the waste gas treatment system of the limestone-gypsum flue gas desulfurization process of a thermal power plant. After one year of operation, the technology is reliable and stable. The removal rate of suspended matter, COD, fluoride, mercury and sulfate reached 99.5%, 98.3%, 87.5%, 99.8% and 85.6% respectively, and the corresponding effluent concentrations were 54 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 9.6 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L, 980 mg/L. Finally, the effluent quality of the system is better than the discharge requirements of “Discharge standard of wastewater from limestone-gypsum flue gas desulfurization system in fossil fuel power plants” (DL/T997-2006). In addition, the total electricity and chemical charges per ton of wastewater treatment were 6.50 yuan, which is lower than most of the engineering project under the same discharge requirements. Therefore, the process has certain engineering advantages.
Structural Design of New Permeable Ecological Side Edge
Authors: Bai Qing , Sun Jiahui , Han Dong , Zheng Tianli , Huang Wei
Published: February 2021

The side ditch is a longitudinal ditch set up on both sides of the road cutting to collect and remove precipitation from the road surface, road shoulder and side slope. It is the most common drainage facility in highway construction. However, the existing side ditches are generally wide, large, and deep, with a single structure, and poor coordination with the environment along the line. For this reason, this paper proposes a new type of permeable ecological side ditch structure design. Under the premise of ensuring the basic functions of the side ditch, this design effectively solves the problem that the edge of the side ditch is susceptible to erosion due to accumulated rainwater or frost heave in the alpine areas with high groundwater level. At the same time, to maximize the strength of the side ditch and enhance its ecological function.
Inventory and Characteristics of Small-Scale PM2.5 in a District of Tianjin
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Li Jing , Yue Yayun , Yang Duokun , Zhai Huaxin , Sun Meng , Liu Maohui
Published: February 2021

Based on the activity level data of PM2.5 pollution sources in a certain area around Tianjin City, corresponding emission factors were selected to construct a 0.5km×0.5km small-scale PM2.5 emission inventory for the area in 2017. The results showed that in 2017, an area around the city of Tianjin emitted 3,509.91 tons of PM2.5. According to the emission inventory of PM2.5, in terms of the emission categories of pollution sources, the emission proportion of dust sources, process sources, road mobile sources and fixed combustion sources is 48%, 38%, 6% and 5% respectively. From the perspective of pollution sources, steel emissions accounted for 35% of the overall PM2.5 emissions, and road dust emissions accounted for 25.4% of the overall emissions. In addition, spatial distribution results show that there are pollution sources such as 1 boiler, scattered coal, some enterprises, several main roads, several construction sites and a large number of restaurants within a 3-kilometer radius of a monitoring station in a district around the city of Tianjin. The PM2.5 emitted by these pollution sources will directly affect the PM2.5 concentration in the district. There are still some uncertainties in this list, so the data of activity level, such as road traffic flow, need to be further detailed, and the localization study of emission factors should be further carried out, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of regional pollution prevention strategies.
Study on the Response Mechanism of Ecosystem Services to Urban Land Expansion by Dynamic Equivalent Factor Method: A case of Wuhan, China
Authors: Cao Gang , Liu Yanzhong , Song Xiangxiang , Chen Yong , Zhang Zuo , Wu Dan
Published: February 2021

A clear insight into the response mechanism of Ecosystem Services (ESs) to urban land expansion can provide references for balancing the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem. Some qualitative studies have looked at the relationship between ESs and urban land expansion, but they can hardly reveal the response mechanism. Thus, we adopted the dynamic equivalent factor method to quantitatively assess each of the Ecosystem Service Values (ESVs) and the total ESVs, then explored the response mechanism through the correlation analysis in Wuhan. The results showed that: (1) During 1990-2015, various ESVs in Wuhan decreased continuously, with the largest decline in the food production, the smallest in hydrology regulation; the ESVs of the whole region showed a downward trend, particularly, in the central region where construction land was concentrated, the ESVs dropped sharply. (2) The demand pressure of ESs brought by population growth was much larger than the direct damage of urban land expansion to ESs. (3) The urban land expansion had the greatest damage to raw material production. This research could deepen the understanding of the relationship between urban land expansion and the decrease of ESVs, but also provide theoretical references for the reasonable expansion of urban land in Wuhan.
Study on the Influence of COIM model on the Water Environment of inland River ship pollution discharge
Authors: LI Jiatong , Cao Yali , Wang Xia , Zhang Feng
Published: February 2021

In order to calculate and analyze the ship sewage river water environment, the influence of internal selection of rivers into the lake taihu main Chengdong port as the research object, based on the speed of flow, ship, ship engine power data such as a ship sewage and oil wastewater is put forward and the calculation method of and on the basis of zero dimensional water quality model, using the method of simulation optimization control goal against the push model (COIM method), the water environmental carrying capacity and the associated model of ship emissions of pollutants. The maximum bearing capacity of the Chendong port water body to the ship is deduced by using the correlation model, and the method to improve the bearing capacity of the water body is proposed according to the COIM model. The results show that the number of ships can be accommodated in Chendong Port is more than three times that of the existing ships, and the organic oxygen consumption (COD), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the ship sewage have no significant influence on the water environment of Chendong Port.
Research on the correlation between colorectal adenoma and sucrase-isomaltase based on constitution theory
Authors: Deng Xu , Chen Haonan , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Yuehang
Published: February 2021

Intestinal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the digestive system. Colorectal adenoma is closely related to colorectal cancer, which seriously threatens people’s health. This study selected colorectal adenoma tissue samples from patients with different traditional Chinese medicine constitutions as experimental objects, and used Sucrase-isomaltase (SI) as a marker to perform the research: the expression of SI in different samples; SI separation and purification; SI biochemical characteristic detection; the difference in the expression and characteristic of SI, supplemented by database analysis. The constitution susceptible to colorectal adenoma is mainly Yang deficiency type, followed by blood stasis type. It is expected to establish the relationship between SI and colorectal adenoma and traditional Chinese medicine constitutions.
Research on the Causes and Prevention Strategies of Air Environmental Pollution
Authors: Liang Xiaotian
Published: February 2021

In today’s era, the process of urbanization is accelerating, which has made the issue of air environmental pollution the focus of people’s attention. Air environmental pollution has seriously damaged people’s lives and health, and the prevention and control of air pollution has become increasingly severe. As a result, the causes of air pollution and the Prevention and control strategies are conducive to protecting the daily environment and providing new ideas for pollution prevention. Based on this, this article focuses on studying the causes of air pollution and pollution protection strategies in order to better protect the environment and promote sustainable development.
Effect of atmospheric environment on frequency variation of QCM
Authors: Guo Kai , Jiang Bo , Li Xingeng , Zong Lijun , Tian Shuang , Zhu Gengzeng , Wu Yaping , Zhao Mingzhe , Mi Chunxu , Yao Shuo , Wang Weina , Yan Fengjie
Published: February 2021

In the natural/electric field environment, quartz crystal contact medium is generally considered as rigid thin film. However, with the increase of time, when the ash coverage reaches the level of microgram, the crystal frequency changes show characteristics similar to those in Newtonian fluid, that is, large damping causes the crystal frequency to change greatly, leading to large stray and chaotic peaks in both amplitude frequency and phase frequency. The spectrum curve amplitude is significantly reduced, the signal jitter is large, and the Q value is significantly reduced. The signal jitter in a small range results in a lot of burrs in the spectrum curve and causes the measurement error.
Problems and Countermeasures of Environmental Audit in Ecotourism
Authors: Jiang Haiyan
Published: February 2021

As an environmental management tool, eco-tourism environmental audit plays an important role in realizing the sustainable development of tourism. However, the environmental audit of eco-tourism cannot be formed overnight. In this long process, we need to work hard to improve the environmental audit of eco-tourism. The article takes Wuyi Mountain as the research object, finds the reasons why it cannot implement the sustainable development of eco-tourism environmental audit, and provides specific references for the implementation of eco-tourism environmental audit.
Emission Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutants from Vessels in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Qin Cuihong , Wang Zheng , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2021

To control emissions from vessels, the establishment of emission inventories is a basic work. The paper first calculates emission inventory from vessels in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region using the bottom-up method based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, then analyses the emission characteristics, and based on which, the reduction effect of several emission control measures is discussed. The results of the study show that vessels in the PRD region emitted a total of 18,900 tons of SO2, 284,800 tons of NOx, 24,300 tons of PM10, 70,800 tons of HC, and 18,400 tons of CO in the year of 2017; emissions of atmospheric pollutants are highest under the mode of Slow-steaming, and lowest under the mode of Anchored; emissions from vessels are mainly concentrated in the port area and near the channel; China’s scheme of domestic emission control areas (DECAs) for vessels can have a good effect on sulfur oxide control.
Integrating hydrogen production with selective methanol oxidation to value-added formate over a NiS bifunctional electrocatalyst
Authors: Pi Zhenfeng , Zhong Heng
Published: February 2021

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely limits the efficiency of the electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen. Therefore, an effective strategy is proposed to replace the OER with selective methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). A nickel sulfide nanosheet catalyst supported on Ni foam (NiS/NF) was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method following with sulfurization treatment. The as-obtained catalyst could be used for the co-electrolysis of methanol/water to produce hydrogen and value-added formate simultaneously. The electrocatalyst can selectively oxidize methanol to formate (1.36 V vs.RHE) and the energy consumption is significantly lower than OER. Furthermore, the integrated two-electrode electrolyzer drives 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.5 V with 96% Faradaic efficiency for MOR.
Advanced Treatment of Printing and Packaging Production Wastewater
Authors: Ni Tingting , Wang Yunzhong , Huang Chenghui , Jiang Dongsheng , Liu Qingyu
Published: February 2021

Aiming to ensure the quality of final effluent, combined with the existing research reports and similar engineering experience, the process of “Coagulation Sedimentation Contact Oxidation MBR” is selected as the main body to treat the wastewater in this paper. After the wastewater treatment system operates normally for one year, the results show that the removal rates of COD, BOD5, SS and chroma can reach 97.8%, 97.7%, 97.4% and 96.0% respectively, and the corresponding effluent concentrations are 96 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 18 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively, which meets and is better than the secondary discharge standard of the Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants in Haihe River Basin of Shandong Province (DB37/675-2007). The process has certain engineering advantages as the quality of wastewater treatment is high and the total cost of electricity and medicament for the wastewater treatment is low.
Analysis of income and expenditure of farmers’ household in the rain-fed area of Boyolali district
Authors: Hartoyo B , Komalawati  , Sahara D
Published: February 2021

Farmers usually work in various activities to obtain income and fulfill household demands. The objectives of this study are to determine and investigate the structures and factors influencing farmer households’ income and expenses in the rain-fed areas. This research was conducted in Tegalgiri Village, Nogosari Sub-district, Boyolali District from January to March 2020. The study used survey technique. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the average household income of IDR 5,262,387/month with the largest proportion (65.31%) came from on-farm activities and 34.70% came from non-agricultural activities. Factors influencing household income were rice production and farmers’ education. The average household expenditure was IDR 3,869,634/month consisted of food expenditure 30.17%, 23.94% for non-food expenditure, and 19.42% for farming cost. Factors influencing household expenditure are income and land area. To increase household income and welfare, farmers need to optimize the management of rain-fed lowland and upland fields.
The development potential of multipurpose trees in northern Bandung special area as alternative for sustainable land use in upstream area
Authors: Susanto B , Supriyadi H , Argo Y
Published: February 2021

Northern Bandung is Strategic Area of West Java which has important function and role in environmental sustainability of Bandung Basin. Currently, land utilization in that area is uncontrolled. It threatens the sustainability function of conservation area, since its function as watersheds, then cause various natural disasters such as erosion, landslides, and floods in the downstream areas. This study aimed to determine the potential of Northern Bandung as a Multipurpose Trees Special (MPTS) area and as an alternative to sustainable land use in upstream area. The research was done by field survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results showed that Northern Bandung is grouped into four cultivation areas, namely: (1) Dryland Cultivation Areas (DCA), (2) Annual Plant Cultivation Areas (APCA), (3) Plantation Cultivation Areas (PCA) and (4) Conservation Area (CA). The MPTS area can be developed in DCA, APCA and PCA with area of approximately 11,924 ha. The development of MPTS Agricultural Area must consider the area characteristics by selecting environmentally friendly and sustainable cultivation technology. Alternative cultivation technologies which could be developed such as: 1) Mix Cropping pattern Technology Coffee Plants with Annual Plant, and 2) Mix Cropping pattern Technology Coffee Plants, Annual Plants and Seasonal Plants.
Soil moisture distribution analysis of subsurface flow constructed wetland using capacitive soil moisture sensor and its relation with Ipomoea reptans Poir growth
Authors: Setiawan D , Rohman F , Prasetyatama Y D , Soetiarso L , Radi
Published: February 2021

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (SFCW) is commonly used as secondary treatment for septic tank with vegetation on it as biofilter, this made water stream out from the installation more environmentally friendly. This research aimed to study the distribution of soil moisture and its correlation to water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) growth in SFCW using Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor (CSMS). This research was done by monitoring soil moisture and water spinach growth parameters at the sand layer of SFCW in Srimartani Village, Piyungan District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This SFCW is connected with waste treatment system to collect wastewater from a house with three family members. Soil moisture monitoring was conducted using CSMS which installed on four different areas using two different depths variation (0.1 and 0.2 m) in 6 m2 of the SFCW. Ipomoea reptans Poir growth parameters was monitored in the stem length. The result proves that soil moisture content at distance of 0.25 m from the outlet pipe position was higher than soil moisture obtained at 0.75 m. Moreover higher soil moisture content has positive correlation with stem length of Ipomoea reptans Poir.
The effect of types and moisture contents of soybeans (Glycine max) on terminal velocity
Authors: Safira A S , Bintoro N
Published: February 2021

Terminal velocity of grain product is one of aerodynamics properties which needed for design machines or handling agricultural grains in pneumatics bulk handling systems. Terminal velocity is influenced by many factors, the two important factors are type of grain material and moisture content. This research was aimed to investigate the effect of types and moisture contents on terminal velocity of soybeans grain. Three different types of soybeans namely local, import, and local black soybean in three different moisture contents of 10, 13, and 16% (w.b) were investigated in this study, using factorial design 3 x 3. Each combination was replicate three times. Terminal velocities were investigated using self-constructed apparatus and the velocities were measured using hot wire anemometer. Result shows that types of soybeans and moisture contents significantly affected terminal velocity (p<0.05), however there no significant interaction was found. The higher moisture contents, the higher would be the terminal velocities value. Imported soybean had highest terminal velocity and local black soybean is the lowest ones. The relationship between terminal velocity and moisture content could be expressed in linear regression equations for these three types of soybean.
Physiological activity of banana coated with sago starch and cellulose nanofiber edible coating
Authors: Kasim R , Bintoro N , Rahayoe S , Pranoto Y
Published: February 2021

Combination of sago starch with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was developed to produce edible films and coatings for agriculture product. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of CNF concentration on sago starch edible coating for controlling the postharvest physiological activity to delay the deterioration of banana at room temperature. Effectiveness of sago starch edible coating with varying concentration of CNF (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) was examined against water vapor permeability (WVP) of film and the changes in fruit physiochemical parameters including color change, total soluble solid, weight loss, and respiration. The results showed that edible coating based on sago starch blended with CNF effectively delayed the fruit color change and decreased the soluble solid content. In conclusion, sago starch with 9% CNF coatings was effective for extending the shelf life of the banana fruit at room temperature.
Evaluation of watermelon ripeness using self-developed ripening detector
Authors: Pamungkas W A , Bintoro N
Published: February 2021

Currently the evaluation of watermelon ripeness is performed manually by tapping the surface of fruit or by visually evaluating from its appearance. However, these evaluations are subjective and inconsistent, therefore, it is necessary to develop and use a reliable instrument for this purpose. This study aimed to develop a ripening detector apparatus based on acoustic impulse response and to be used for evaluating the ripeness stage of watermelon. In this study, five different maturity ages of watermelon, namely 39, 43, 47, 51, and 55 days after planting were evaluated. The acoustic responses were recorded using Audacity 2.3.1. The dominant frequencies and magnitude were then analyzed using Matlab R2014b. The acoustic parameters were related to fruit weight and soluble solid contents to distinguish the different maturity stages. The results showed that the dominant frequencies and the magnitudes were clearly related to the fruit weight and soluble solid contents. As the frequencies and the magnitudes decreased the fruit weight and soluble solids contents consistently increased during maturity period. Therefore, this finding confirmed that the developed ripening detector was reliable to evaluate and distinguish the different ripeness stage of watermelon.
Optimization of irrigation water allocation by using linear programming: case study on Belitang irrigation system
Authors: Imron F , Murtiningrum
Published: February 2021

The irrigation water requirement in the Belitang Irrigation System cannot be fulfilled during dry season due to the limited water availability. Therefore, some agricultural land in the Belitang Irrigation System receive inadequate irrigation water. To solve this problem, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of irrigation water, thus, the existing potential area could be optimized. This study aimed to obtain optimum cropping area and maximum benefits by optimizing the allocation of irrigation water based on the dependable discharge and existing area. The optimum cropping area was obtained by making several alternative cropping patterns. The linear programming was used to analyze the optimization of irrigation water allocation. The results showed that the irrigation water allocation with a dependable discharge of 80% exhibited an optimum cropping area of 58,609 ha, cropping intensity of 271.36% and maximum benefits of IDR 1,041,186,630,000.00. From the results of these studies, the cropping pattern that can be applied by considering the water availability and the existing area to obtain the optimum cropping area and maximum benefit per year is paddy-paddy-paddy/second crop.
The relationship between soil nitrate distribution and growth rate of Capsicum frutescens in subsurface flow constructed wetland integrated with household septic tank
Authors: Prasetyatama Y D , Ngadisih  , Maftukhah R , Masithoh R E , Karyadi J N W , Soetiarso L
Published: February 2021

Domestic wastewater treatment unit consisted of a single chamber septic tank and Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (SFCW) was built in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. SFCW played a significant role as secondary treatment of septic tank effluent. This study aimed to analyze the soil nitrate and its distribution in sand layer of SFCW. The SFCW had a depth of 0.2 m of coral and sand layers with two leach pipes that were installed in the depth of 0.3 m along the garden and planted with chili (Capsicum frutescens). Soil nitrate content of SFCW and plant growth were analyzed for 8 weeks of observation. Soil samples were taken in different direction, both vertical and horizontal. In vertical direction, samples were taken with three different depth (10, 15, and 20 cm) from the surface. In horizontal direction samples were taken with three different distance from outlet pipe. Soil nitrate obtained in vertical direction was significantly different (P<0.005) with soil nitrate at the depth of 20 cm was higher than 15 cm and 10 cm. However, the soil nitrate obtained in horizontal direction was not significant (P>0.05). The soil nitrate has positive correlation with plant growth, the higher soil nitrate will increase the plant growth.
Groundwater depth prediction using Shetran model in Citarum River basin
Authors: Suroso  , Rahmat F P , Ardiansyah
Published: February 2021

Drought is a natural disaster that lasts a long time and has an impact on various things that can seriously affect human life, economy, agricultural production, and also ecological environment. In Indonesia, floods and droughts become annual disasters that often occur and are difficult to avoid, even in big cities. Drought cannot be considered a trivial problem because its impact is very detrimental to every aspect of life. Drought can be seen from several indicators. The depth of groundwater can be an indicator of drought. The purpose of this study was to predict the depth of groundwater in the Citarum River Basin. This study uses a spatially distributed Shetran model. The Shetran model was developed by the School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences at Newcastle upon Tyne University. The hydro-climatological data from satellite measurements during 2001 to 2017 were used in Shetran model. Input data in this study consisted of digital elevation models, TRMM rainfall data, evaporation data, soil properties, and land-use change land cover change data. The results showed that within 17 years the land use types in the Citarum watershed had undergone significant changes. This land use change affects the depth of groundwater in the Citarum watershed.
Vegetation cover modelling for soil erosion control in agricultural watershed
Authors: Prasetyo A , Setyawan C , Ngadisih  , Tirtalistyani R
Published: February 2021

Vegetation has an important role in surface runoff and soil erosion control. Deforestation, especially in the upstream watersheds, has increased land degradation problems, mainly in the form of soil erosion. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of vegetation cover for soil erosion control in an agricultural watershed. Soil erosion calculation was performed using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. While spatial analysis tools of Arc GIS 10.3 were used for soil erosion-vegetation correlation modelling. Five parameters such as rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), length-slope factor (LS), crop management factor (C) and conservation practices factor (P) used to assess soil erosion in the existing condition. Those parameters were presented in grids cell of land units with 30 meters resolution. Five scenarios of vegetation cover such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% were used for the modelling. The result showed the increase of vegetation cover from the existing condition from 4.8% to 30% can significantly reduce about 76% of soil erosion. Preservation of about 30% vegetation cover in the upstream area of the watershed, enables farming practices with a low risk of soil erosion. The findings of this study provide a fundamental base for conservative farming concept development.
Impact of Cocoa Butter Replacer (CBR) proportion on the physical characteristics of compound dark chocolate
Authors: Syafira N S , Saputro A D , Khasanah A N , Oetama T , Setiowati A D , Rahayoe S , Bintoro N
Published: February 2021

Dark chocolate that is made from 100% cocoa has a melting point in the range of 33-34°C. Because of that, dark chocolate easily melts at room temperature. The melting point of dark chocolate can be increased by adding Cocoa Butter Replacer (CBR). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CBR on the several characteristics of dark chocolate, including moisture content, particle size, density, color, hardness, and melting point. Proportion of CBR used on this research were 0%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%, while duration of crystal maturation applied was 12 day. The results showed that the higher amount of CBR added to chocolate was followed by the higher value of hardness, L*, a*, b*, and melting point.
Investigation on the application of subsoiler vibration to reduce the energy requirement
Authors: Al-Rajabo S , Hilal Y Y , Rajab R H
Published: February 2021

The aims of this study were to investigate the input energy in vibrating and non-vibrating subsoiler wings based on field operations and to compare the field performance based on the energy use efficiency to determine the best between them. The study was carried out using vibrating and non-vibrating wings of the subsoiler and two rake angles in the soil (45° and 55°). Three tractor speeds (2.88, 4, and 5.6 km/h) were considered. The results showed that input energy in non-vibrating wings was higher than that in vibrating wings at all treatments. Analysis of the energy input showed the diesel fuel had the largest inputs form all input energy for both wings types. The treatment of 45° with 2.88 km/h had the largest share of input energy with 1528.95 MJ/ha in non-vibrating wings while the treatment of 55° with 2.88 km/h had the largest share 1239.86 MJ/ha in vibrating wings. Total volume of soil disturbance in vibrating wings and non-vibrating wings was 2704.185 and 3586.491 m3/ha, respectively. Accordingly, energy use efficiency for vibrating wings higher than non-vibrating wings. Finally, vibrating wings surpassed non-vibrating wings in field performance and it can produce higher cross-section soil with the least input energy consumed.
Nutritional value and color of se’i processed from cull cow meat from different body condition score and smoked at different smoke method
Authors: Malelak G E M , Benu I , Manu A E , Jelantik I G N
Published: February 2021

Se’i (smoked meat) quality influenced by fresh meat quality and smoking method. Meat from culled cow at different body condition scores (BCS) and which are smoked using different method produce different quality of se’i. This research was aimed to study the effect of different smoking methods on nutritional value and color of se’i made from meat of Bali cattle cows with different BCS. The experimental design used was completely randomized design 3 × 4 with factorial patterns. The first factor was smoking method namely open, close and liquid smoke method. The second factor was BCS namely BCS 2, BCS 3 and BCS 4. The parameters measured were se’i nutritional value (water, protein and fat content) and color (L (lightness), a (redness) and b (yellowness). Data were analysed using ANOVA, followed by Least square means (LSM). Results showed that water and protein content was depend on BCS, as BCS increased, water content decreased and protein content increased (p<0.01). Se’i color also depend on BCS, as BCS increase, the value of a and b decrease while the L increases. In conclusion, BCS factor was influencing se’i quality rather than smoking method.
The effect of material amount in distillation tank to chemical composition of citronella oil (Cymbopogon
nardus L. Rendle)
Authors: Budaraga I K , Salihat R A
Published: February 2021

The need for essential oils such as citronella oil, has increased along with the development of modern industries such as perfume, cosmetics, food, aromatherapy, and medicine industries. In the recent year, the volume of essential oil export is decreased, this due to quality issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of citronella oil using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) method using different amount of material in the refining tank of distillation (A = 40 kg; B = 50 kg; C = 60 kg; D = 70 kg; and E = 80 kg). The results showed that the highest percentage of citronella oil was found in A method when compared to the other method. The oil resulted, contain three main components namely citronellal (41.97%), geraniol (18.89%), and citronellol (12.91%). This research concludes that the more the amount of raw material in the refining tank will decreases the percentage of three main components (citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol) of oil resulted.
Determination of production factors of dehydrated strawberries by using Taguchi method approach
Authors: Ardhani I C , Putri R M , Falah M A F , Widodo K H
Published: February 2021

Dehydrated fruit is important as an alternative to increase shelf-life and the value of the fresh fruit. Hence, it is important to know approach for this processing. Objective of the study was to know the optimal combination for treatments of material and process for production of dehydrated strawberries by using Taguchi method. The treatments were the combinations from orthogonal array and signal to noise ratio from Taguchi method with several control variables of processing of timing and concentration during immerse in osmotic solution (30,45,60 minutes) and (30, 40,50 0Brix) and also drying temperature (50, 60, 70 °C) were applied in this processing. Several quality parameters of dehydrated fruits were determined such as color of skin fruit, texture, water content, vitamin C, total phenol, acidity, and total soluble solid were measured using standard method. Results showed that, optimum condition for drying temperature was 70°C, and concentration and timing during osmotic dehydration were 60 minutes and 50 0Brix, respectively. Drying temperature was highest factor that affected quality of the dehydrated fruit processing. Physical characterization of dehydrated strawberries were skin drying with softened flesh of fruit, darker red color, and chemical characterization sweet taste, low acidity, high vitamin C and total phenol.
Antioxidant and sensory properties of ready to drink coffee-ginger made from decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated robusta coffee beans
Authors: Kuswardhani N , Mukti N P , Sari P
Published: February 2021

In this research, Robusta coffee bean was used in the making of ready to drink coffee-ginger. This research was conducted to know the influence of different formulas on the content of total polyphenols, melanoidin brown pigments, antioxidant activity and sensory properties in decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated coffee-ginger drink. The coffee-ginger drinks were made with 50 ml and 40 ml of decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated Robusta coffee extracts, added with 20, 15 and 10ml ginger extract respectively. The results showed the formulation of coffee: ginger (50ml: 20ml) with non-decaffeinated coffee beans had total polyphenol (2.69 mg GAE/ml), melanoidin brown pigment (1.31 AU) and antioxidant activity (0.43 mmol TE/ml) contents; which is the highest compared to other formulations. The coffee-ginger drink that favored the most by panelists is the formulation of coffee: ginger (40ml : 10ml) with non-decaffeinated coffee bean. The decaffeinated coffee-ginger has a faded brown color and strong flavor, so it is less preferred. The high addition of ginger extract is also less preferred because it has a too strong flavor and pungent taste.
Shelf life prediction of carica seeds powder using accelerated method
Authors: Astuti S D , Lestari S , Erminawati  , Widarni S , Wijanarko G , Wibawa F N
Published: February 2021

Carica fruit is a main commodity in Dieng plateau. Its seeds is one of the by-products in carica fruit cocktail processing. Carica seeds contain high antioxidants, so that it can be consumed as a functional beverage. The objectives of this study was to determine the shelf life of the product. The processes involved in carica seed powder production were: soaking with citric acid, boiling, fermentation with R. oligosporus inoculum, drying, roasting, and mixing the roasted seeds with dried jackfruit at ratio of 3: 1. The packaging used in this study were glass jar and aluminum foil. The products were stored at 35, 45, and 55°C and analyzed for its chemical and sensory characteristics at every 5 d for 20 d. The shelf life was examined by the acceleration method with Arrhenius equation using moisture content as the critical parameter. Results of the study showed that shelf-life of products packed with aluminum foil at room temperature (25°C) was 1 year and 1 month and at cold temperature (8°C) was 1 year 4 months. Meanwhile, the shelf life of products packed in glass bottles at room temperature (25°C) was 5 months and at cold temperatures (8°C) was 6 months.