bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
polymorphic Hypergraph Inference System (PHIS): A New Approach for Complex Relational Data Analysis
Authors: Johnson Godson
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the Polymorphic Hypergraph Inference System (PHIS), a new framework for learning and in- ference on complex relational data structures. Hereby introducing a comprehensive system that employs dynamic hypergraph con- struction and refinement techniques to analyze and understand intricate relationships within datasets with hierarchical nature. The paper details the complete system architecture, mathematical foundations, algorithmic specifications, and Theoretical analysis of performance characteristics. The framework shows promising applications in various domains requiring sophisticated relation- ship analysis and pattern discovery, with theoretical guarantees and practical implementation guidelines
The Importance of Lung Innate Immunity During Health and Disease
Authors: Ryanto Gusty Rizky Teguh , Suraya Ratoe , Nagano Tatsuya
Published: January 2025

The lung is a vital organ for the body as the main source of oxygen input. Importantly, it is also an internal organ that has direct contact with the outside world. Innate immunity is a vital protective system in various organs, whereas in the case of the lung, it helps maintain a healthy, functioning cellular and molecular environment and prevent any overt damage caused by pathogens or other inflammatory processes. Disturbance in lung innate immunity properties and process, whether it be the over-responsiveness of the process triggered by innate immunity or the lack of responses due to dysfunctions in the immune cells that make up the innate immunity system of the lung, could be correlated to various pathological conditions. In this review, we discussed globally how the components of lung innate immunity are important not only for maintaining lung homeostasis but also during the pathophysiology of notable lung diseases beyond acute pulmonary infections、including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Comparative Analysis of Primary and Revision Single-Level Lumbar Fusion Surgeries: Predictors, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications Using Big Data
Authors: Mahamid Assil , Jayyusi Fairouz , Hodruj Marah , Mansour Amr , Fishman Dan , Behrbalk Eyal
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The etiology of lumbar spine revision surgery is multifactorial, involving mechanical, biological, and clinical factors that challenge sustained spinal stability. Comparative analysis reveals significantly higher complication rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased costs for revision surgeries compared to primary fusions despite low mortality rates. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 456,750 patients, this study identifies predictors of revision surgery and provides actionable insights to enhance patient outcomes and optimize healthcare resource allocation. Methods: A total of 456,750 patients registered in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2019 were identified as having undergone single-level lumbar fusion surgery (primary fusion: 99.5%; revision fusion: 0.5%). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for patient demographics, clinical comorbidities, and hospital characteristics were constructed to evaluate clinical outcomes and postoperative complications. Results: Patients undergoing revision lumbar fusion surgery were significantly younger compared to those experiencing primary fusion procedures (53.92 ± 20.65 vs. 61.87 ± 12.32 years, P < 0.001); among the entire cohort, 56.4% were women. Compared with patients undergoing primary lumbar fusion, those undergoing revision fusion surgery were significantly more likely to experience surgical site infections (odds ratio [OR] 27.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 17.12–42.90; P < 0.001), urinary tract infections (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.39–3.33; P < 0.001), and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.24–1.89; P < 0.001). Revision surgery patients had significantly lower odds of incurring high-end hospital charges (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.51–0.83; P < 0.001). Other complications, including respiratory complications, dural tears, thromboembolic events, and acute renal failure, showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In-hospital mortality rates were low and did not differ significantly between groups (revision: 0.2% vs. primary: 0.1%, OR 3.29; 95% CI 0.45–23.84; P = 0.23). Conclusions: Patients undergoing revision lumbar fusion surgeries face significantly higher risks of surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, and prolonged hospital stays compared to primary fusion procedures. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve perioperative management and reduce complications in revision lumbar fusion surgery.
Dark-Matter Specifications and Gravitational Concepts That Explain Data and That Can Inform Cosmology Models
Authors: Buckholtz Thomas J.
Published: January 2025

We suggest a specification for dark matter. We suggest concepts that associate with gravitational repulsion between objects. Together, the dark-matter aspects and gravitational aspects seem to explain data that may otherwise be unexplained. Some of the data pertains to ratios of dark-matter effects to ordinary-matter effects regarding galaxy evolution, depletion of cosmic microwave background radiation, and the compositions of galaxy clusters. Some of the data pertains to eras in the evolution of the universe. We assume that nature includes six isomers of a set of most elementary particles. One left-handed isomer underlies ordinary-matter stuff. One similar right-handed isomer underlies some not-cold dark-matter stuff. The other four isomers underlie cold-dark-matter stuff. A novel use of multipole notions and special relativity points to aspects of gravity that repel objects from each other. We suggest that the dark-matter and gravitational aspects can provide bases for tuning cosmological models of the universe.
Assessment of Long-Term Engagement to Aerobic Versus Resistance Exercise on 20-Year Cardiovascular Disease Incidence (2002-2024): the ATTICA Epidemiological Cohort Study
Authors: Dimitriadis Nikos , Arnaoutis Giannis , Chrysochoou Christina , Barkas Fotios , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Sfikakis Petros P , Pitsavos Christos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Tambalis Konstantinos D. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether aerobic exercise, as opposed to resistance training or a combination of both, is associated with long-term cardiovascular out-comes. Methods: The ATTICA is a population-based cohort study with 20-year follow-up (2002-2022); it was conducted in the Attica region, Greece, and included 3042 adult participants (45±11 years, 1518 females). Physical activity engagement to aerobic, resistance or combined exercise, and 20-year tracking, together with information regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence were available from1,988 participants (45±12 years old, 987 males, 1,001 females). Physical activity levels were evaluated using the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire, in all follow-up examinations (2001-2002, 2006, 2012, and 2022). Results: Participants engaged in combined (aerobic and resistance) physical activity group had 0.41-times [95%CI (0.20, 0.82)] lower atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk as compared to inactive; participants in the healthy engaging aerobic physical activity (HEPA) group had 0.54-times [95%CI (0.36, 0.80)] lower ASCVD risk; no significant associations were observed regarding minimally active aerobic group [HR, 0.81, 95%CI(0.57, 1.17)], or resistance training only group [HR, 1.17, 95%CI(0.25, 1.52)]. Conclusions: These findings carry a strong public health message, underscoring the importance of incorporating aerobic or combined aerobic-resistance training into physical activity guidelines to enhance cardiovascular health and reduce the long-term risk of CVD.
Reducing Oxidation in the Aspire Oil Biodiesel-diesel Blends: Metal Deactivators as Antioxidant Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Türköz Karakullukçu Nalan
Published: January 2025

A viable alternative to fossil fuel diesel is biodiesel. Due to its high oxidation risk, low stability, and short storage life, biodiesel has significant downsides. We use biodiesel-compatible antioxidants to eliminate issues. Sustainable energy and biodiesel antioxidants impact the global economy and environment. Researchers built Schiff bases to examine biodiesel-diesel blends. Schiff bases deactivated metals and antioxidants. Compound structures were disclosed by TLC, MP, FT-IR, 1H–13C NMR, and elemental analysis. These compounds' antioxidant activities were investigated utilizing the DPPH• free radical trapping and ABTS•+ radical cation scavenging assays. The study utilized 30% biodiesel, 70% diesel. Mixtures of 3000 ppm Schiff bases were tested for oxifast. Comparison to BHT antioxidant. Sample names were D100, B30D70, B30D70BHT, B30D70_2, and B30D70_1. These samples were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, and TGA. The DSC measured sample crystallisation temperatures. Antioxidant-rich diesel was lower than D100. DSC testing indicated antioxidant strengths of -11.76, -11.87, -12.03, -12.73, and -13.97 °C at crystallization for samples D100, B30D70, B30D70BHT, B30D70_2, and B30D70_1. TGA values of 102.30, 118.06, 129.84, 131.75, and 137.01 indicate sample stability increases Tonset. Antioxidants clarify FT-IR spectrum antioxidant impact areas. The extra antioxidant works. In various dosages, Schiff bases increase biodiesel's oxidative stability.
A Simplified Algorithm for a Full-Rank Update Quasi-Newton Method
Authors: Berzi Peter
Published: January 2025

One of the most common ideas for finding the zero of a nonlinear function is to replace it by a series of suitably chosen linear functions, for which the zeros can easily be determined and the sequence of zeros approximate the zero of the nonlinear function. Widely used classic methods are Newton’s method and a large family of quasi-Newton methods (secant, Broyden’s, discretized Newton, Steffensen’s,...). This strategy can be called “linearization” and such methods may be called “linearization methods”. An efficient linearization method for solving a system of nonlinear equations was developed which showed good stability and convergence properties. It uses an unconventional and simple strategy to improve the performance of classic methods by full-rank update of the Jacobian approximates. It can be considered both as a discretized Newton’s method or as a quasi-Newton method with full-rank update of the Jacobian approximates. A solution to the secant equation presented in [] was based on the Wolfe-Popper procedure [,]. The secant equation was splitted into two equations by introducing an auxiliary variable. A simplified algorithm is given in this paper for the full-rank update procedure described in []. It directly solves the secant equation with the pseudo-inverse of the Jacobian approximate matrix. Numerical examples are shown for demonstration purpose. The convergence and efficiency of the suggested method are discussed and compered with the convergence and efficiency of classic linearization methods.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Drug Trials, Failures and Progress: Data Update 2024
Authors: Takhellambam Chanu Machathoibi
Published: January 2025

According to latest report of 2024 by World Health Organization (WHO) based on global data of 2021, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia is placed at seventh position among the leading cause of death, that accounts for killing of 1.8 million lives by the disease; and stroke causes highest number of deaths in the world ("World Health Organisation (WHO) The top 10 causes of death https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death ", 2024) Similarly, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics in 2024 also reported AD to be seventh leading cause of death in the United States, based on data from 2021 to 2022 accounting 1.2 millions of deaths.("CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics, Leading Causes of Death https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm," 2024). This alarming number of deaths due to AD is the call for the urgent need to find proper treatment or cure of the disease. AD also severely affects the global economy. However, there is no appropriate treatment or cure available. In the past two decades thousands of disease modifying drugs have been developed to treat dementia of AD, however most of the drugs could not pass phase I clinical trial and only a few could reach phase II and phase III stage. This review is determined to provide the status of various clinical trials, failures and progress of success of various drugs that have been designed to tread dementia of AD.
WRKY36–PIL15 Transcription Factor Complex Negatively Regulates Sheath Blight Resistance and Seed Development in Rice
Authors: Wang Siting , Sun Qian , Yang Shuo , Chen Huan , Yuan De Peng , Gan Changxi , Chen Haixia , Zhi Yongxi , Zhu Hongyao , Gao Yue , Zhu Xiaofeng , Xuan Yuan Hu
Published: January 2025

Sheath blight (ShB) causes severe yield loss in rice. Previously, we demonstrated that the sugar will eventually be exported transporter 11 (SWEET11) mutation significantly improves rice resistance to ShB, but causes severe defect in the seed development. The present study found that WRKY36 and PIL15 directly activate SWEET11 to negatively regulate ShB. Interestingly, WRKY36 interacted with PIL15, WRKY36 and PIL15 directly activate miR530 to negatively regulate seed development. WRKY36 interacted with a key BR signaling transcription factor WRKY53. AOS2 is an effector protein from R. Solani that interacts with WRKY53. Interestingly, AOS2 also interacts with WRKY36 and PIL15 to activate SWEET11 for sugar nutrition for R. solani. These data collectively suggest that WRKY36–PIL15 negatively regulates ShB resistance and seed development via the activation of SWEET11 and miR530, respectively. In addition, WRKY36 and PIL15 are the partners of effector protein AOS2 by which R. solani hijacks sugar nutrition from rice.
Structure and Mixed Proton-Electronic Conductivity in PR-Substituted La5.4MoO12- Ceramics
Authors: Sánchez-Caballero Abraham , Porras-Vázquez José M. , Santos-Gómez Lucía dos , Zamudio-García Javier , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Canales-Vázquez Jesús , R. Losilla Enrique , Marrero-López David
Published: January 2025

Lanthanide molybdates, with the general formula Ln5.4MoO11.1-δ, are materials known for their mixed proton-ionic conductivity. This study investigated the effects of Pr content and Nb-doping on the crystal structure and electrical properties of the La5.4-xPrxMo1-yNbyO12-δ (x= 0, 1.35, 2.7, 4.05, 5.4; y= 0, 0.1) series. The research focuses on two primary objectives: (i) enhancing the electronic conductivity through the use of Pr4+/Pr3+ redox pairs, and (ii) increasing the ionic conductivity through Nb5+ aliovalent doping. The materials were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and complex impedance spectroscopy. The average crystal structure of the materials depends significantly on the Pr content. In general, compositions with higher Pr content crystallize in a cubic fluorite-type structure, whereas lower Pr content stabilizes a rhombohedral polymorph. However, detailed TEM studies reveal a more complex local crystal structure characterized by nanodomains and incommensurate modulations. The highest conductivity values are observed in a N2 atmosphere for compositions with elevated Pr content, attributed to electronic conduction mediated by the Pr4+/Pr3+ redox pair, as confirmed by XPS. These findings highlight the potential of tailored doping strategies to optimize the conducting properties of lanthanide molybdates for specific high-temperatures electrochemical applications.
Assessing Honey Quality: A Focus on Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Honey from Iasi County (Romania)
Authors: Albu Aida , Bora Florin Dumitru , Cucu-Man Simona-Maria , Stoleru Vasile , Nistor Cătălin-Emilian , Brumă Ioan Sebastian , Rusu Oana-Raluca
Published: January 2025

The study of honey in Iași County reveals its ecological, economic and health importance, emphasizing its unique properties, role in biodiversity and value in promoting sustainable beekeeping and regional identity. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of honey from Iasi County, Romania, analyzing 27 samples collected in 2020 and 2021. The samples include: tilia (8 raw, 7 commercial), acacia (2 raw, 2 commercial), rapeseed (3 raw), sunflower (3 raw) and lavender (2 raw) honey. Analyses were carried out under Romanian/EU standards, assessing parameters such as: color, electrical con-ductivity, moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity (free, lactone, total), pH, hydroxymethyl-furfural (HMF), ash and mineral composition (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe). The results revealed significant differences between raw and commercial honeys. Notably, in commercial tilia honey, higher values were found for color (38.58 mm Pfund vs. 24.14 mm Pfund), total acidity (25.93 meq·kg⁻¹ vs. 17.36 meq·kg⁻¹), and HMF levels (8.84 mg·kg⁻¹ vs. 3.68 mg·kg⁻¹). Conversely, water insoluble solids (0.08 % vs. 0.15 %) and ash content (0.21 % vs. 0.30 %) were lower in commercial samples. Potassium was the most abundant mineral detected, while copper and zinc levels were the lowest. Significant correlations were observed between several parameters, including ash with electrical conductivity and HMF with acidity. This study underscores the impact of processing on honey quality and highlights the importance of understanding honey composition for consumers and producers alike.
Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Phytoconstituents in Diabetes, Cancer, Infection, Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Reberio Alexa D. , Ansari Nushrat J. , Khan Joyeeta T. , Chowdhury Suraiya , El-Mordy Fatma Mohamed Abd , Flatt Peter R. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. , Seidel Veronique
Published: January 2025

Conditions like diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, infection, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as gastrointestinal (GI) disorders continue to have a major global impact on mortality and morbidity. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times in ethnomedicine (e.g. Ayurveda, Unani, Traditional Chinese Medicine, European Traditional Medicine) including treatment of a wide range of disorders. Plants are a rich source of numerous and diverse phytoconstituents that have demonstrated antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory activity. The current review focuses on the 30 plants most commonly reported for use in treatment of DM, cancer, infection, CVDs, inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders, with a particular emphasis on their traditional uses, phytoconstituents, pharmacological properties and modes of action. Plants with antidiabetic potential include Terminalia chebula, Zingiber officinale, Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa and Aframomum angustifolium. Plants with anticancer potential include Zingiber officinale, Aloe barbadensis, Annona muricata, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Azadirachta indica. Those with antimicrobial potential include Aframomum angustifolium, Aloe barbadensis, Capsicum frutescens and Centella asiatica. Those with potential in CVDs include Acacia Arabica, Allium cepa, Azadirachta indica and Catharanthus roseus. Plants with anti-inflammatory potential include Eriobotrya japonica, Aloe barbadensis and Ocimum sanctum Whereas those with potential in GI disorders include Musa paradisiaca and Aloe barbadensis. Further studies are warranted to fully investigate the clinical therapeutic benefits of these and other plants considered in this review, and to unravel the mechanisms of action of their bioactive phytoconstituents at the molecular level.
CNS Axon Regeneration in the Long Primary Afferent System in E15/E16 |Hypoxic-Conditioned Fetal Rats: A Thrust-Driven Concept
Authors: De Beer Frits C. , Steinbusch Harry W.
Published: January 2025

Lower phylogenetic species are known to rebuild cut-off caudal parts with regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, CNS regeneration in higher vertebrates is ascribed allegedly to immaturity, which has failed to be shown. The emergence of stem cells and their effective medical applications has intensified regeneration research into the spinal cord. However, despite these advances, the impact of clinical trials involving spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients remains disappointingly low. Long-distance regeneration has yet to be proven. Our study involving dorsal myelotomy in fetal rats examined the development of pioneering afferent axons during early gestation. We identified a critical period in the development of the long primary afferent system. A single cut demonstrated the intrinsic ability of these axons to regenerate toward their original targets in the spinal medulla. Compared to intact parent axons, we observed hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes in the severed fibers, making them distinctly recognizable life-long. This provides a tool for intrauterine reprogramming of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, as illustrated by various stills throughout the developmental progression of central axons. These axons' inferred high growth speed indicates a plausible missing link in CNS regeneration research. This paradigm could revolutionize preclinical research on CNS regeneration for SCI patients.
Long-Term Rainfall Dynamics and Trend Assessment Using Observed and Gridded Satellite Precipitation Products and Implications for Climate Change Adaptation over Modjo Catchment, Ethiopia
Authors: Bedada Bereket Abera
Published: January 2025

The evaluation of long-term rainfall variability and trends in the context of a changing global climate is essential for developing effective adaptation strategies. It is also important to analyze trends using global precipitation products. The objective of the present study was to assess the long-term trends in annual and seasonal rainfall over the Modjo catchment in central Ethiopia by utilizing both observed and satellite precipitation products, CHIRPS and PERSIANN-CDR. The study employed CV and PCI to evaluate the variability and monthly rainfall concentration within the catchment. The Sen Slope Estimator, Mann-Kendall test, and Innovative Trend Analysis were used to assess the trends within the data series. The results indicate that annual and Kiremt rainfall showed low to moderate variability at all stations, whereas the Meher, Bega, and Belg seasons exhibited high variability, with CV values exceeding 30%. The PCI values indicated that the annual rainfall data series exhibited a moderate and irregular distribution, while the seasonal rainfall distribution displayed a highly irregular pattern, with all values exceeding 20. The MK and SSE trend analysis revealed no significant trends (at α = 0.05) in the annual rainfall across all stations; however, significant trend changes were observed in the seasonal rainfall datasets. Additionally, Trend analysis revealed a significant decrease in most Bega season trends (at α = 0.05, α = 0.01), whereas Kiremt and annual seasons showed similar patterns. Conversely, the Meher season showed an increasing trend with no significance at α = 0.05. The ITA shows trends similar to MK and SSE, but with different significance levels. In the analysis, 22% of the data was insignificant, while the rest was significant at a 95% confidence level. The study reveals temporal dynamics in rainfall trends, underscores important implications for climate change adaptation, and offers valuable insights for planning effective adaptation measures.
Cell Homeostasis or Cell Death – the Balancing Act Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Caused by Steatosis Induced ER Stress
Authors: Stilkerich Anna , Seidemann Lena , Schicht Gerda , Hänsel René , Seehofer Daniel , Damm Georg
Published: January 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent liver condition with potential progression to cirrhosis and impaired regeneration post-resection. A key mechanism underlying lipotoxicity is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, particularly the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). This study investigates the interplay between lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cellular outcomes, focusing on the balance between autophagy and apoptosis. We cultured primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in a free fatty acid (FFA)-enriched medium for 120 hours, assessing lipid accumulation, metabolism, and the expression of selected UPR markers. Additionally, we investigated the effects of lipid load on cell activity and growth in proliferating HepG2 cells. We observed that FFA uptake consistently induced ER stress, shifting cellular responses toward apoptosis under high lipid loads. Donor-specific differences were evident, particularly in lipid storage, excretion, and sensitivity to lipotoxicity. Some donors exhibited limited triglyceride (TAG) storage and excretion, leading to an excess of FFA whose metabolic fate remains unclear. Proliferation was more sensitive to lipid accumulation than overall cell activity, with even low FFA concentrations impairing growth, highlighting the vulnerability of regenerative processes to steatosis. The study elucidates how ER stress pathways, such as PERK-CHOP and IRE1α-JNK, are differentially activated in response to lipid overload, tipping the balance toward apoptosis in severe cases. Limited activation of repair mechanisms, such as autophagy, further emphasizes the critical role of ER stress in determining hepatocyte fate. The donor-dependent variability highlights the need for personalized strategies to mitigate lipotoxic effects and enhance liver regeneration in steatosis-related conditions.
Evaluation of Functional Outcomes, Survivorship and Complications of Hypoallergenic Fixed-Bearing Medial and Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: D'Amario Federico , Vitale Umberto , De Dona Ferdinando , Ruosi Luca , Cofone Alessandro , Loppini Mattia
Published: January 2025

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a viable treatment option for patients with isolated knee osteoarthritis. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of the JUK II (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, US) hypoallergenic, fixed-bearing UKA implant in a medium cohort of patients undergoing both medial and lateral procedures with a short-term follow-up.
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 257 consecutive patients who underwent primary UKA using the JUK II implant between December 2020 and December 2022. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS), Knee Society Function Score (KSFS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), UCLA Activity Score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12) and the satisfaction. Survivorship analysis was performed, and complications were recorded.
Results: At a 2-year follow-up, the implant survival rate was 99.61%. Statistical significant improvements were observed in all clinical scores, with high patient satisfaction. The mean UCLA Activity Score increased from 4.53 preoperatively to 7.3 at 24 months.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates promising short-term clinical outcomes for the hypoallergenic fixed-bearing medial and lateral UKA implant, with high patient satisfaction and a low complication rate. Further studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted to confirm these findings.
Comparison Criteria for First Order Polynomial Differential Equations
Authors: Grigorian Gevorg
Published: January 2025

In this paper we use the comparison method for investigation of first order polynomial differential equations. We prove two comparison criteria for these equations. The proved criteria we use to obtain some global solvability criteria for first order polynomial differential equations. On the basis od these criteria we prove some criteria for existence of a closed solution (of closed solutions) for first order polynomial differential equations. The results obtained we compare with some known results. Based on obtained results some criteria of existence of periodic orbits or limit cycles for planar autonomous systems are proved.
Studies Towards the Synthesis of Fused Isoxazoline/Isoquinolinones and Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Isoxazole-like Benzamide and Isoquinolinone Hybrids
Authors: Ouzounthanasis Konstantinos A. , Glamočlija Jasmina , Ćirić Ana , Koumbis Alexandros E.
Published: January 2025

Isoxazole derivatives (isoxazoles, isoxazolines and isoxazolidines) are present in the structure of several natural products and/or pharmaceutically interesting compounds. In this work, a synthetic study for the preparation of fused isoxazoline/isoquinolinone hybrids is presented. The initial approach involving sequentially 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to indenone (to obtain the isoxazoline ring) and Beckmann rearrangement (to construct the isoquinolinone lactam system) was complicated by the formation of fragmentation products during the latter. Therefore, the desired hybrids were successfully reached applying a DDQ-mediated oxidation of the respective isoxazolidines. Based on the results, key observations were made regarding the mechanism of the Beckmann reaction. Moreover, selected isoxazole benzamides and fused isoxazoline/isoxazolidine isoquinolinones were in vitro evaluated against a series of fungi strains (including a 2D checkerboard assay with ketoconazole), revealing that some of these compounds exhibit promising antifungal activity.
Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Regulators of Lipoprotein Homeostasis, Inflammation and Coagulation
Authors: Lunar Patricija , Meglič Hana , Vehar Mateja , Ugovšek Sabina , Rehberger Likozar Andreja , Šebeštjen Miran , Zupan Janja
Published: January 2025

PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) represent a newer form of atherosclerosis treatment. Inflammation and haemostasis are key processes in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the influence of therapy with PCSK9i in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) on regulators for lipoprotein homeostasis, inflammation and coagulation. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) we measured the expression of the genes involved in lipoprotein homeostasis, namely for sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), SREBP2, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), hepatic lipase type C (LIPC), LDLR-related protein (LRP8), and the genes associated with inflammation and coagulation, such as cluster of differentiation (CD) 36 (CD36), CD63 and CD14 in patients with CAD and healthy subjects. The results showed significant differences in the expression of the investigated genes between patients and healthy controls. Treatment with PCSK9i resulted in significant changes in the expression of all studied genes. Moreover, we found an association between changes in total cholesterol and SREBP1 expression, as well as a correlation between changes in HDL cholesterol and CD63 expression. To conclude, we established that PCSK9i may have a significant effect on the gene expression of lipid regulators, inflammatory markers and coagulation parameters, independent of their lipolytic effect.
Advanced Technologies for Marine Drugs Large Scale Supply
Authors: Martínez M. Henar , Santos Mercedes , Pedraza Lucía , Testera Ana M.
Published: January 2025

Marine organisms represent a source of unique chemical entities with valuable biomedical poten-tialities, broad diversity and complexity. It is essential to ensure a reliable and sustainable supply of marine natural products (MNPs) for their translation into commercial drugs and other valuable products.
From a structural point of view and with few exceptions, MNPs of pharmaceutical importance derive from the so-called secondary metabolism of marine organisms. When production strategies relied on marine macroorganism, harvesting or culturing coupled with extraction procedures re-main sometimes the only alternative to produce these compounds at industrial scale. Their supply can be often implemented with laboratory scale cultures for bacterial, fungal or microalgal sources. However, a diverse approach, combining traditional methods with a modern synthetic biology and biosynthesis strategies, must be considered for invertebrate MNPs, as they are usually naturally accumulated in only very small quantities.
This review offers a comprehensive examination of various production strategies for MNPs, addressing the challenges related to supply, synthesis, and scalability. It also underscores recent biotechnological advancements that are likely to transform the current industrial-scale manufacturing methods for pharmaceuticals derived from marine sources.
Evidence-Based Lessons from Policy Implementation Research in Two Countries Achieving Progress on Global Breastfeeding Targets: Recommendations from the Philippines and Viet Nam
Authors: Pereira-Kotze Catherine , Zambrano Paul , Nguyen Tuan T , Datu-Sanguyo Janice , Vu Duong , Ching Constance , Cashin Jennifer , Mathisen Roger
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: There is extensive evidence that breastfeeding saves lives, improves health and provides value to the economy and societies worldwide. The Philippines and Viet Nam have progressive policies to enable breastfeeding, and breastfeeding rates in these countries have substantively improved. In the Philippines, exclusive breastfeeding under six months (EBF) increased from 35.9% (2008) to 60.1% (2021) and in Viet Nam, in just over a decade, EBF has more than doubled, from 17.0% (2010) to 45.4% (2021). We aimed to consolidate learnings from policy support to enable breastfeeding in the Philippines and Viet Nam, and synthesized insights highlighting successful implementation strategies and areas for improvement to guide future programming. Methods: This paper presents an evidence synthesis of seven research articles using mixed methods research from the Philippines and Viet Nam. Results: Since the 1960s, the Philippines and Viet Nam have notably improved policies protecting breastfeeding. Both countries have implemented legislation that is substantially aligned with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent World Health Assembly resolutions. Both countries have improved maternity leave provisions, with Viet Nam providing six months of paid leave, yet insufficient coverage to informal workers, and the Philippines providing 3.5 months paid maternity leave while expanding maternity protection coverage to informal workers. Between 2006-2021, breastfeeding rates increased in both countries alongside policy improvements yet barriers to implementation remain. Conclusions: Implementation research has documented policy progress and improved breastfeeding rates in the Philippines and Viet Nam. Our analysis offers valuable lessons applicable beyond these contexts, emphasizing the need for targeted cross-sectoral policy actions to enhance breastfeeding practices. Learnings from implementing national marketing restrictions of commercial milk formula and associated products, and maternity protection policies in these countries could inform the implementation of newly developed regional standards together with supportive policies, facilitating the harmonization of regional regulatory environments.
Metformin’s Effects on Cognitive Function from Biovariance Perspective
Authors: Chele Dimitrie , Sirbu Carmen Adella , Mitrică Marian , Toma Mihai , Vasiliu Octavian , Sirbu Anca Maria , Authier François-Jérôme , Mischianu Dan , Munteanu Alice Elena
Published: January 2025

The study examines the effects of metformin on brain functions focusing on the variability of results reported in the literature. While some studies suggest that metformin may have neuroprotective effects in diabetic patients, others report an insignificant impact of metformin on cognitive function, or even a negative effect. We propose that this inconsistency may be due to intrinsic cellular-level variability among individuals, which we term “biovariance”. Biovariance persists even in demographically homogeneous samples due to complex and stochastic biological processes. Additionally, the complex metabolic actions of metformin, including AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition, may produce different effects depending on individual metabolic characteristics.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Prefer Undisturbed Shoals over Shoals Exposed to the Synthetic Alarm Substance Hypoxanthine-3N-Oxide (C5H4N4O2)
Authors: Velkey Andrew , Kinslow Kaitlyn , Bowers Megan , Hoffman Ethan , Martin Jamie , Surisetty Bandhavi
Published: January 2025

As an anti-predation behavior, shoaling enhances survival among prey species by reducing individual predation risk through mechanisms like the dilution effect and collective vigilance. Zebrafish – a highly social and genetically tractable species – are valuable for studying these behaviors. The present study examined zebrafish social preferences in a 3-chamber open-tank free-swim task, assessing whether visual cues alone could distinguish between an intact and an alarmed shoal exposed to the synthetic alarm substance H3NO. Subjects were allowed to freely associate with either shoal while their behavior was recorded and analyzed. Results revealed a significant preference for proximity to the intact shoal, indicating zebrafish’s ability to visually discern threat levels. Subjects spent nearly twice as much time in the zone near the intact shoal, with reduced freezing and faster movement velocities compared to the alarmed shoal zone. Males exhibited more freezing behavior than females, consistent with sex-specific strategies in threat response. These findings underscore zebrafish’s reliance on visual cues for social responding under predatory threat and highlight sex-based differences in threat perception. This research expands the understanding of zebrafish social dynamics and provides a robust framework for future exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying social behavior and threat assessment in zebrafish.
Geometric Properties of a General Kohn-Nirenberg Domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$
Authors: Hu Kejia , Li Hongyi , Zhao Di , Jiang Yuan
Published: January 2025

The Kohn-Nirenberg domains are unbounded domains in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$. In this article, we modify the Kohn-Nirenberg domain $\Omega_{K,L} =\left\{(z_{1},\ldots, z_{n}) \right.\in \mathbb{C}^{n} : Re z_{n} + g \mid z_{n}\mid^{2} + \sum_{j = 1}^{n-1} (\mid z_{j}\mid^{p} +K_{j} \mid z_{j}\mid^{p-q} Re z_{j}^{q} + L_{j} \mid z_{j}\mid^{p-2q} Im z_{j}^{2q}) < 0 \}$ and discuss the existence of supporting surface and peak function at the origin.
Electroacupuncture Modulates Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 on Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems in a Mouse Fibromyalgia Pain Model
Authors: Lin Huan-Chin , Hsu Hsin-Cheng , Liao Hsien-Yin , Chen Arbee L.P. , Lin Huan-Chin
Published: January 2025

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM), long-lasting pain over several months, is a global medical issue with both personal and societal implications. It is one of the hardest types of pain to heal, given the lacking objective parameters for diagnosis and progression evaluation. The main symptoms of FM are long-lasting widespread pain together with anxiety, fatigue, sleep disorder, cognitive dysfunction, and obesity. Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been used as target in cancer immunotherapy. PD-L1 can inhibit acute and chronic pain by suppressing nociceptive neuron activity via PD-1 receptors. Methods: The current study aimed to investigate the role of PD-L1/PD1 in a mouse FM pain model. Mice were exposed to intermittent cold stress (ICS) to produce a murine FM model characterized through von Frey and Hargraves’ tests. Results: The ICS-induced mice FM pain model showed mechanical (2.26 0.18 g) and thermal (4.36 0.31 s) hyperalgesia. Nociceptive responses could be relieved by electroacupuncture (EA), intracerebral PD-L1 injection, or Trpv1 deletion. We also identified a lower PD1 level in dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, thalamus, and somatosensory cortex. In contrast, levels of pain-related kinases increased after FM induction. Effects which could be reversed by EA, PD-L1, or Trpv1 deletion. Conclusions: Our findings shed light on the contribution of PD-L1/PD1 to EA and FM pain, indicating its potential as a treatment target for fibromyalgia.
Functionalized Optical Microcavities for Sensing Applications
Authors: Granizo Evelyn , Samokhvalov Pavel , Nabiev Igor
Published: January 2025

Functionalized optical microcavities constitute an emerging highly sensitive and highly selective sensing technology. By combining optical microcavities with novel materials, microcavity sensors offer exceptional precision, unlocking considerable potential for medical diagnostics, physical and chemical analyses, and environmental monitoring. The high capabilities of functionalized microcavities enable subwavelength light detection and manipulation, facilitating precise detection of analytes. Furthermore, recent advancements in miniaturization have paved the way for their integration into portable platforms. For leveraging the potential of microcavity sensors, it is crucial to address challenges related to the need for increasing cost-effectiveness, enhancing selectivity and sensitivity, enabling real-time measurements, and improving fabrication techniques. New strategies include the use of advanced materials, optimization of signal processing, hybrid design approaches, and employment of artificial intelligence. This review outlines the key strategies towards enhancing the performance of optical microcavities, highlights their broad applicability across various fields, and discusses the challenges that must be overcome to unlock their full potential.
Urban Land Use Land Cover Dynamics and Urban Expansion Intensity Assessment Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Imageries and Google Earth Engine over Adama City, Ethiopia
Authors: Bedada Bereket Abera
Published: January 2025

Urban sprawl significantly alters the patterns of land use and land cover (LULC) in a city, resulting in various detrimental effects on urban environments. To address these challenges, it is crucial to study the spatiotemporal variability of LULC and urban expansion patterns. The objective of this study is to explore the long-term variation in LULC, urban expansion, and sprawl of Adama City. The study utilized multi-temporal Landsat imagery and Google Earth Engine workspace and employed the Random Forest Algorithm for image classification. The analysis shows significant declines in agricultural and forest areas, coupled with increases in built-up areas and barren land. Between 1995 and 2023, agricultural land decreased from 60.55% to 20.14%, while forest cover dropped from 14.87% to 8.58%. Grassland area increased from 12.89 square kilometers (13%) in 1995 to 19.75 square kilometers (19.7%) in 2023. The urban area was 6.75 km2 (6.99%) in 1995, expanding to 22.41 km2 (22.31%) in 2010, and further to 44.65 km2 (44.05%) in 2023. Over the two transitions, the classified LULC had a net urban expansion of 15.66 and 22.24 km2 with urban expansion intensity index of 1.02 and 1.65 categorized as medium speed and fast speed urban expansion intensity, respectively. The findings indicate that changes in LULC have become increasingly dynamic over the 28-year period from 1995 to 2023 and rapid urban expansion within the city. Integrated land use and urban planning strategies are crucial for addressing current challenges, building environmental resilience, and fostering sustainable urban development.
Digital Film Consumption Beyond Legal Frameworks: A New Form of Cinephilia? A Empirical Investigation of Unauthorized Film Access (2001–2012)
Authors: Gimello-Mesplomb Frédéric
Published: January 2025

This article examines the cinephilia of film downloaders between the end of the Napster era (the first P2P network shut down by US authorities in 2001) and that of MegaUpload, shut down in 2012 by New Zealand authorities. This decade has been characterized by the gradual disappearance of the technological barriers that have long hampered the downloading of large files, in tandem with the spread of ADSL and the rise of streaming[1] . Few studies, however, have looked at downloading and streaming from the perspective of the sociology of consumption, considering these content appropriation practices as a means of determining a trend in cinephiles' taste for the cinema object. On the basis of a qualitative survey, we look at the motivations behind downloading and streaming, relating them to the emergence of new cinephilic behaviours ("niche" and "rarity" cinephilias). Today, these indicators converge to suggest that downloading films is a way of appropriating images that has become commonplace, with few differences from other uses of cinephilia consumed on the big screen.
Study of the Current-Voltage Characteristics of Membrane Systems Using Neural Networks
Authors: Kirillova Evgenia , Kovalenko Anna , Urtenov Makhamet
Published: January 2025

The aim of the investigation is the mathematical modeling of processes that take place in electro membrane systems (EMS). The article is devoted to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence methods for a study of the current-voltage characteristic (CVC) of membrane systems, taking into account the space charge, electroconvection, forced convection, non-catalytic reaction of dissociation/recombination of water molecules, as well as taking into account the presence and absence of spacers. The creation of neural networks allowed to simulate the behavior of CVC for a wider range of input parameter values than with the help of currently available numerical algorithms and significantly to save time and computing resources. During the work, several different neural network architectures were developed and tested and the best neural network was selected for modeling CVC behavior, including convolutional and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) layers with the best predictive results on test samples.
Aging of Urban Gardens Can Enhance Their Role as Refuges for Local Ant Species
Authors: Gema Trigos-Peral , Joaquín L. Reyes-López
Published: January 2025

Urban gardens can be crucial for preserving the biodiversity in cities, but their construction often leads to shifts in local ant communities due to drastic habitat changes. Over time, ant communities can recover as species arrive from surrounding habitats. In this study, we explored ant community dynamics over ten years in four gardens of varying maturity on a university campus in South Spain. We examined: (1) ant community composition in the gardens and surrounding natural/seminatural areas; (2) changes in biodiversity over time; (3) indicator values of species in the campus; and (4) population dynamics of the most representative species. We found distinct ant community compositions in gardens and natural/seminatural habitats. The ant community in older gardens showed greater similarity to surrounding natural areas than in young gardens. In the youngest garden, biodiversity initially declined post-construction but later increased to levels comparable to older gardens. Exotic species were more abundant in the young garden, and the population of native species like the garden ant Lasius niger increased over the years. We found that disturbances promote the establishment of exotic species, regardless of habitat maturity. We emphasize the importance of context-dependent interpretation of species bioindicator information to assess habitat ecological status accurately.