bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ Й ГОМОГЕНАТАХ ТКАНИН ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ВПЛИВУ СТРЕСОВИХ ЧИННИКІВ
Authors: Dziubak S. R. , Orel M. A.
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи. Проаналізувати рівень активних продуктів тіобарбітурової кислоти в крові й гомогенаті тканин щурів за умови дії стресових чинників та їх комбінації.

Матеріали і методи. Досліди проведено на 54 білих статевозрілих нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 200–220 г. Тварин поділили на 5 груп: перша – контрольна група (n=6), друга – хронічний вплив тютюнового диму (n=12), третя – хронічна інтоксикація чорним листковим чаєм (n=12), четверта – хронічний іммобілізаційний стрес (n=12), п’ята – комбінований вплив стресових чинників (n=12). Принцип визначення вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів (ТБК-АП) ґрунтується на тому, що при високій температурі в кислому середовищі малоновий діальдегід реагує з тіобарбітуровою кислотою, утворюючи триметиновий комплекс.

Результати й обговорення. Хронічний вплив тютюнового диму супроводжується активацією пероксидації ліпідів, зокрема максимальні зміни вмісту ТБК-АП спостерігали у гомогенаті легень (у 3,5 раза), при хронічній інтоксикації чорним чаєм – у гомогенаті міокарда (у 3,5 раза), при іммобілізаційному стресі – в гомогенаті шлунка (у 2,9 раза) відносно контрольної групи. За умови комбінованого впливу стресових чинників більш вираженими були зміни відносно ізольованого впливу кожного чинника: у серці (в 6,9 раза), у легенях (в 6,3 раза), у шлунку (в 6,6 раза) та у пародонті (в 5,1 раза) відносно контрольної групи.

Висновки. Комбінований вплив стресових факторів зумовлює активацію процесів вільнорадикального окиснення, що характеризується змінами ТБК-реактантів, зокрема спостерігають більш виражені зміни відносно ізольованого впливу кожного чинника щодо контрольної групи.
Thrombolysis in Stroke With Unknown Onset Based on Non‐Contrast Computerized Tomography (TRUST CT)
Authors: Sykora Marek , Kellert Lars , Michel Patrik , Eskandari Ashraf , Feil Katharina , Rémi Jan , Ferrari Julia , Krebs Stefan , Lang Wilfried , Serles Wolfgang , Siarnik Pavel , Turcani Peter , Kovacik Michal , Bender Benjamin , Mengel Annerose , Poli Khouloud , Poli Sven
Published: February 2020

Background

Intravenous thrombolysis (
IVT
) in wake‐up stroke (
WUS
) or stroke with unknown onset (
SUO
) has been recently proven to be safe and effective using advanced neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography‐perfusion) for patient selection. However, in most of the thrombolyzing centers advanced neuroimaging is not instantly available. We hypothesize that pragmatic non‐contrast computed tomography‐based
IVT
in
WUS
/
SUO
may be feasible and safe.

Methods and Results

TRUST
‐
CT
(Thrombolysis in Stroke With Unknown Onset Based on Non‐Contrast Computerized Tomography) is an international multicenter registry‐based study.
WUS
/
SUO
patients undergoing non‐contrast computed tomography‐based
IVT
with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ≥4 and initial Alberta Stroke Program Early Computerized Tomography score ≥7 were included and compared with propensity score matched non‐thrombolyzed
WUS
/
SUO
controls. Primary end point was the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; secondary end points included 24‐hour National Institute of Health Stroke Scale improvement of ≥4 and modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. One hundred and seventeen
WUS
/
SUO
patients treated with non‐contrast computed tomography‐based
IVT
were included. As compared with 112 controls, the median admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 10 and the median Alberta Stroke Program Early Computerized Tomography score was 10 in both groups. Four (3.4%)
IVT
patients and one control patient (0.9%) suffered symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 7.9, 95%
CI
0.65–96,
P
=0.1). A decrease of ≥4 National Institute of Health Stroke Scale points was observed in 67 (57.3%) of
IVT
patients as compared with 25 (22.3%) in controls (adjusted odds ratio 5.8,
CI
3.0–11.2,
P
<0.001). A months, 39 (33.3%)
IVT
patients reached a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 versus 23 (20.5%) controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.94,
CI
1.0–3.76,
P
=0.05).

Conclusions

Non‐contrast computed tomography‐based thrombolysis in
WUS
/
SUO
seems feasible and safe and may be effective. Randomized prospective comparisons are warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03634748.
Disability After Minor Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in the POINT Trial
Authors: Cucchiara Brett , Elm Jordan , Easton J. Donald , Coutts Shelagh B. , Willey Joshua Z. , Biros Michelle H. , Ross Michael A. , Johnston S. Claiborne
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

While combination aspirin and clopidogrel reduces recurrent stroke compared with aspirin alone in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the effect on disability is uncertain.

Methods—

The POINT trial (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke) randomized patients with TIA or minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) within 12 hours of onset to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin plus clopidogrel versus aspirin alone. The primary outcome measure was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis to examine the effect of treatment on overall disability (defined as modified Rankin Scale score >1) at 90 days, as well as disability ascribed by the local investigator to index or recurrent stroke. We also evaluated predictors of disability.

Results—

At 90 days, 188 of 1964 (9.6%) of patients enrolled with TIA and 471 of 2586 (18.2%) of those enrolled with stroke were disabled. Overall disability was similar between patients assigned DAPT versus aspirin alone (14.7% versus 14.3%; odds ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.82–1.14];
P
=0.69). However, there were numerically fewer patients with disability in conjunction with a primary outcome event in the DAPT arm (3.0% versus 4.0%; odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.53–1.01];
P
=0.06) and significantly fewer patients in the DAPT arm with disability attributed by the investigators to either the index event or recurrent stroke (5.9% versus 7.4%; odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.62–0.99];
P
=0.04). Notably, disability attributed to the index event accounted for the majority of this difference (4.5% versus 6.0%; odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57–0.96];
P
=0.02). In multivariate analysis, age, subsequent ischemic stroke, serious adverse events, and major bleeding were significantly associated with disability in TIA; for those with stroke, female sex, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, recurrent ischemic stroke, subsequent myocardial infarction, and serious adverse events were associated with disability.

Conclusions—

In addition to reducing recurrent stroke in patients with acute minor stroke and TIA, DAPT might reduce stroke-related disability.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00991029.
Race and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Incidence in the Northern Manhattan Study
Authors: Gardener Hannah , Sacco Ralph L. , Rundek Tatjana , Battistella Valeria , Cheung Ying Kuen , Elkind Mitchell S.V.
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

An excess incidence of strokes among blacks versus whites has been shown, but data on disparities related to Hispanic ethnicity remain limited. This study examines race/ethnic differences in stroke incidence in the multiethnic, largely Caribbean Hispanic, NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study), and whether disparities vary by age.

Methods—

The study population included participants in the prospective population-based NOMAS, followed for a mean of 14±7 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and incident stroke of any subtype and ischemic stroke, stratified by age.

Results—

Among 3298 participants (mean baseline age 69±10 years, 37% men, 24% black, 21% white, 52% Hispanic), 460 incident strokes accrued (400 ischemic, 43 intracerebral hemorrhage, 9 subarachnoid hemorrhage). The most common ischemic subtype was cardioembolic, followed by lacunar infarcts, then cryptogenic. The greatest incidence rate was observed in blacks (13/1000 person-years), followed by Hispanics (10/1000 person-years), and lowest in whites (9/1000 person-years), and this order was observed for crude incidence rates until age 75. By age 85, the greatest incidence rate was in Hispanics. Blacks had an increased risk of stroke versus whites overall in multivariable models that included sociodemographics (hazard ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.13–2.02]), and stratified analyses showed that this disparity was driven by women of age ≥70. The increased rate of stroke among Hispanics (age/sex-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.13–1.93]) was largely explained by education and insurance status (a proxy for socieoeconomic status; hazard ratio after further adjusting for these variables, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.85–1.62]) but remained significant for women age ≥70.

Conclusions—

This study provides novel data regarding the increased stroke risk among Caribbean Hispanics in this elderly population. Results highlight the need to create culturally tailored campaigns to reach black and Hispanic populations to reduce race/ethnic stroke disparities and support the important role of low socioeconomic status in driving an elevated risk among Caribbean Hispanics.
Circulating SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin) and Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Madsen Tracy E. , Luo Xi , Huang Mengna , Park Ki E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Manson JoAnn E. , Liu Simin
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

Circulating levels of SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) have been inversely linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiometabolic disorders. It remains uncertain whether low SHBG is prospectively predictive of stroke risk, particularly in women. We investigated whether SHBG is associated with risk of incident ischemic stroke (IS) among women in the WHI (Women’s Health Initiative).

Methods—

From an observational cohort of 161 808 postmenopausal women enrolled in the WHI at 40 sites across the United States from 1993 to 1998, we identified 13 192 participants free of prevalent stroke at baseline who were included in an ancillary study that measured serum SHBG. We used Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified by SHBG measurement assay, to assess IS risk across quintiles of SHBG (Q1–Q5), adjusting first for demographic variables (model 1), additionally for body mass index, hypertension, alcohol use, and smoking status (model 2), and for physical activity and reproductive risk factors (model 3). In sensitivity analyses, potential mediators (diabetes mellitus status, levels of estradiol, testosterone, and CRP [C-reactive protein]) were included.

Results—

Of 13 192 participants (mean age, 62.5 years; 67.4% non-Hispanic white, 18.5% black, 7.6% Hispanic, and 5.0% Asian), after following for an average of 11.6 years, 768 IS events were adjudicated. Compared with the highest quintile of SHBG levels (referent), women in the lowest SHBG quintile had a higher risk of IS in all 3 multivariable models (model 1: hazard ratio, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.47–2.41]; model 2: hazard ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.30–2.20]; model 3: hazard ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.19–2.19]; trend tests
P
<0.05 for all models). Including potential mediators such as diabetes mellitus, estradiol, and testosterone in the models attenuated but did not eliminate significant inverse associations between SHBG and IS.

Conclusions—

In this prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, there was a statistically significant inverse association between serum SHBG levels and IS risk, which supports the notion that SHBG could be used as a risk stratification tool for predicting IS in women.
Toward a Critical NeuroArt for a Critical Neuroscience
Authors: Gruber David R.
Published: February 2020

Responding to advances in the brain sciences, numerous artists are now engaged in art-neuroscience collaborations, taking the brain as an object of creative representation or adopting the tools of neuroscience. This article reviews several prominent works of ‘brain art,’ examining their critical cultural potentials in relationship to the tenets of New Materialism. The discussion results in recommendations for a Critical NeuroArt to contribute to the burgeoning field of Critical Neuroscience. Analysis of two representative artworks, including the author‘s own computational work, Neuro News Generator, provides examples of how NeuroArt might proceed.
Chromosome counts in Aegla expansa Jara, 1992 (Anomura, Aeglidae) a freshwater crab from southern Chile
Authors: Jara-Seguel Pedro , Muñoz-Pedreros Andrés , Norambuena Heraldo V. , Jara Carlos , González-Urrutia Marilyn , Guerrero Marcela
Published: February 2020

The freshwater crab Aegla expansa Jara, 1992 (Aeglidae) is endemic to Chile and has a geographical distribution restricted to one stream in the locality of Hualqui (37°S), Concepción Province, Chile. A chromosome number is here described for somatic cells of A. expansa. The chromosomes are large in number and small in size (<2 μm). These cytogenetic data are the first reported for a species of the genus Aegla.
Ontogenic allometry and sexual maturity of the hermit crab, Diogenes alias McLaughlin & Holthuis, 2001 (Decapoda, Anomura)
Authors: Nirmal T. , da Silva Alexandre Ribeiro , Pavan Kumar A. , Jaiswar A. K. , Kumawat Tarachand
Published: February 2020

Growth studies on Anomura, especially hermit crabs, are relatively limited, due to the complexity in constructing generalized growth models as well as the heterogeneity of the group. Despite Diogenes alias being one of the most abundant species in the study area, there is a lack of information regarding its sexual dimorphism and maturity. The present study aims to evaluate its ontogenic allometry, using Jolicoeur’s multivariate allometric coefficient. The specimens were collected biweekly from trawl fishing grounds off the Mumbai coast for one year. Sexual dimorphism was patent at the larger cheliped width in males and the wider shield width in females, which was attributed to the differential energy allocation by both male and female. The size of morphological sexual maturity was established at 7.6 mm shield length for males, and at 6.2 mm in females.
FAAL: a Feature-based Aligning ALgorithm
Authors: Kilani Marwan
Published: February 2020

In this article I present FAAL, a new Feature-based Aligning ALgorithm that can be used for the alignment of phonetically transcribed lexical items according to the comparison of phonetic features. The algorithm can be run on any pair of phonetically transcribed words without requiring any specific setting or tuning, although various parameters of its implementation as .jar library can indeed be modified by the user, if needed. The structure and work-flow of the algorithm are described in the first part of the paper. In the second part FAAL is tested against previously proposed algorithms in a test case involving two different datasets. FAAL in its default configuration outperforms all of them. FAAL is distributed in the form of a .jar Java library. The description of this Java library and the details about the settings and configuration of its methods are provided on-line, in my github repository at https://github.com/MKilani/FAAL.
Liberal Quaker Reconciliation Theology: A Constructive Approach
Authors: Randazzo Christy
Published: February 2020

This work brings the fields of Christian theologies of atonement and reconciliation and Liberal Quaker theology into dialogue, and lays the foundation for developing an original Liberal Quaker reconciliation theology. This dialogue focuses specifically on the metaphorical language employed to describe the relationship of interdependence between humans and God, which both traditions hold as integral to their conceptions of human and divine existence. It focuses on these areas: the sin of human division and exclusion; atonement and reunification of humans and God as a response to sin; and the metaphors Liberal Quaker use to describe this interdependent relationship, specifically the metaphor of Light. This unique approach develops an original model of reconciliatory interdependence between humans and God that is rooted in both Christological and Universalist Liberal Quaker metaphorical and theological categories and utilizes the Liberal Quaker language of God as interdependent Light towards a new theology.
Seed micromorphology of representatives of holoparasitic Orobanchaceae genera from the Caucasus region and its taxonomic significance

Authors: PIWOWARCZYK RENATA , RURAŻ KAROLINA , KRASYLENKO YULIYA , KASIŃSKA JUSTYNA , SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA ÓSCAR
Published: February 2020

Obligate parasitic plant species from the Orobanchaceae family belong to the most critical genera of world flora. Due to their strongly reduced vegetative organ architecture, there arise many difficulties and mistakes in species identification, and extra characteristics of systematic importance are required. Seed micromorphology is a highly informative taxonomic criterion that helps to resolve ambiguities in plant taxonomy and evolution, and has proved to be a valuable complementary tool for Orobanchaceae species identification. In this study, seeds of 43 holoparasitic species from the Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche and Phelipanche genera collected in the Caucasus were subjected to micromorphological analysis. The Caucasus is one of the most important centres of world biodiversity, with many endangered and endemic parasitic plants. Twenty two quantitative/qualitative micromorphological seed parameters were analysed using stereo ZOOM, confocal scanning laser (CLSM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Three types of seed were established based on periclinal wall ornamentation: 1) clearly pitted sculpturing in all Cistanche, Diphelypaea, and most Orobanche seeds; 2) fibrillar and veined sculpturing in Phelipanche seeds; and 3) smooth, granular or rugged (very rarely visibly pitted) outer periclinal wall in O. coerulescens and O. colorata seeds. However, CLSM, used in present studies for Orobanchaceae seeds for the first time, revealed more details of wall lignification and ornamentation invisible in SEM images. The best micromorphological characteristics for species identification are the type of ornamentation of the periclinal wall, the width of anticlinal wall, the character of perforation, perforation length and width, the fibrillar character, and fibrillar and vein width. A comparison of the main characteristics distinguishing the seeds of Orobanchaceae is also presented and discussed.
Salvia huastecana (Lamiaceae), a new species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico

Authors: BEDOLLA-GARCÍA BRENDA Y. , ZAMUDIO SERGIO , CASTILLO-GÓMEZ HUGO A.
Published: February 2020

Salvia huastecana is described and illustrated as a new species. It is known from the municipality of Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. This taxon belongs to Salvia sect. Angulatae, is similar to S. albiflora and S. roscida but it can be distinguished by a higher number of flowers per verticillaster (9−12), longer caducous bracts with long caudate apex, hirsute calyx with erect trichomes and white corolla, sometimes with the upper lip and margins of the lateral lobes of the lower lip light blue stained. Photographs of living plants and the illustration of the new species are provided.
Increasing Destructive Potential of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over China
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Yuqing , Zhan Ruifen , Xu Jing , Duan Yihong
Published: February 2020

This study investigates the trend in destructive potential of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) in terms of power dissipation index (PDI) over mainland China in the period of 1980–2018. Results show that both the accumulated PDI and averaged PDI after landfall show significant increasing trends. The increasing trends are found to be contributed primarily by the increasing mean duration of TCs over land and the increasing TC intensity at landfall. Further analyses indicate that the increase in landfalling TC intensity prior to and at landfall, the decrease in intensity weakening rate after landfall, and the northward shift of landfalling TC track density all contribute to the longer duration of TCs after landfall. Moreover, the conducive large-scale conditions, such as the increases in coastal sea surface temperature and land surface temperature and soil moisture, the decrease in low-level vertical wind shear, and the increase in upper-level divergence, are all favorable for intense landfalling TCs and their survival after landfall, thus contributing to the increasing destructive potential of landfalling TCs over China.
Effects of Horizontal Resolution on Hourly Precipitation in AGCM Simulations
Authors: Kong Xianghui , Wang Aihui , Bi Xunqiang , Li Xingyu , Zhang He
Published: February 2020

To analyze the effects of horizontal resolution on hourly precipitation, four Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations are carried out using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model (CAS-ESM) and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) during 1998–2016. They include CAS-ESM at resolutions of 1.4° latitude × 1.4° longitude (CAS-ESM L) and 0.5° × 0.5° (CAS-ESM H), and CESM at resolutions of 1.9° latitude × 2.5° longitude (CESM L) and 0.47° × 0.63° (CESM H), respectively. We focus on the simulated hourly precipitation frequency and assess the frequency with respect to high-resolution satellite observations and reanalysis. The high-resolution experiments show some improvements of measurable precipitation (>0.02 mm h−1) frequency. Noticeable improvement of heavy rainfall (>2 mm h−1) frequency is demonstrated at the high resolutions. The zonal mean, seasonal mean, and area-weighted average frequency support the above results. The high-resolution experiments outperform the low-resolution experiments in reproducing hourly precipitation intensity and amount. The added value is apparent in heavy precipitation intensity from CAS-ESM H and CESM H. Over the monsoon regions and tropical convergence zones, the patterns of probability density functions for precipitation from high-resolution experiments are closer to the observations and reanalysis than those from the low-resolution simulations. The improvement of measurable precipitation frequency is mainly caused by the reductions of the convective rainfall occurrence at high resolutions. The increasing large-scale precipitation and reasonable integrated water vapor flux contribute to the improvements in measurable rainfall intensity and heavy precipitation characteristics. The results of this study support the concept that high-resolution global simulations could produce improved hourly precipitation capabilities, especially for heavy rainfall.
Dancing With Algorithms: Interaction Creates Greater Preference and Trust in Machine-Learned Behavior
Authors: Gutzwiller Robert S. , Reeder John
Published: February 2020

Objective

We examined a method of machine learning (ML) to evaluate its potential to develop more trustworthy control of unmanned vehicle area search behaviors.

Background

ML typically lacks interaction with the user. Novel interactive machine learning (IML) techniques incorporate user feedback, enabling observation of emerging ML behaviors, and human collaboration during ML of a task. This may enable trust and recognition of these algorithms.

Method

Participants judged and selected behaviors in a low and a high interaction condition (IML) over the course of behavior evolution using ML. User trust in the outputs, as well as preference, and ability to discriminate and recognize the behaviors were measured.

Results

Compared to noninteractive techniques, IML behaviors were more trusted and preferred, as well as recognizable, separate from non-IML behaviors, and approached similar performance as pure ML models.

Conclusion

IML shows promise for creating behaviors by involving the user; this is the first extension of this technique for vehicle behavior model development targeting user satisfaction and is unique in its multifaceted evaluation of how users perceived, trusted, and implemented these learned controllers.

Application

There are many contexts where the brittleness of ML cannot be trusted, but the advantage of ML over traditional programmed behaviors may be large, as in some military operations where they could be scaled. IML in this early form appears to generate satisfactory behaviors without sacrificing performance, use, or trust in the behavior, but more work is necessary.
Observation of edge effect in flexural fatigue test of composites using large field of view microscopy
Authors: Mortensen Ulrich A , Andersen Tom L , Mikkelsen Lars P
Published: February 2020

Free-edge effects in fibre reinforced composites can produce premature damage at the composite edges due to mechanical, geometrical and hygro–thermal effects. Observation of damage on the free-edge of a composite plate is therefore different than what can be observed inside the material. The amount of individually broken fibres in a composite is counted by observing a test specimen with a polished edge and by cutting test specimens to observe damage inside the material. The amount of damage observed on a polished edge is found to greatly exceed that which is observed inside test specimens subjected to the same testing conditions. It is shown that the progression of important damage mechanisms can be observed on polished edges, but also that invalid damage mechanism may be observed using free-edge microscopy.
A City College’s GED Students—Factors and Unanswered Questions
Authors: Liu Yandong
Published: February 2020

The goal of this study is to have a better understanding of today’s general education development (GED) students so proper services and support can be provided to meet their needs. Through students enrolled in GED programs in a health science career pathway–focused city college, the study learned the students’ employment status, career intention, and sources of finding the GED programs. It tracked academic year gaps between the students’ very first and current GED enrollment in the city college and found a mild correlation between student age and year gap. It also identified GED students’ unbalanced learning skills in math and reading.
Efficiency of timed pregnancies in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice by mating one male with up to four females
Authors: Dorsch Martina , Wittur Isabell , Garrels Wiebke
Published: February 2020

For a wide range of biomedical approaches, an accurate estimate of the age of embryos or pups is important. Overnight mating is the method that is mostly used to establish timed pregnancies. The oestrus cycle in mice repeats every four to five days. So, not all females will get pregnant because they are not in oestrus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse whether polygamous mating could increase the rate of timed pregnancies per breeding cage and female. We compared overnight timed mating regimes with up to four females per male, using C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice as well as F1 hybrids of these two strains. The number of vaginal plugs, number of females that gave birth and weaned litter (including size and weaning weight) were recorded. Our results showed that the plug and pregnancy rate decreased, but the productivity per breeding cage increased for polygamous mating regimes. The proportion of females with vaginal plugs and females that gave birth was significantly higher in monogamous mating. The proportion of plugged females that gave birth, as well as litter size and weaning weight, were not influenced by the mating regime. After analysing 513 breeding cages with a total of 1090 females, we found that polygamous mating with up to three females per male can increase the number of timed pregnancies. However, in the mating regime with more than three females, the rate of timed pregnancy as well as number of pups per female declined.
Feeling Capable and Worthy? Impact of Employee Silence on Self-Concept: Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Chou Shih Yung , Chang Tree
Published: February 2020

While existing research findings have highlighted the consequences of employee silence at the interpersonal and organizational levels, little is known about how employee silence influences an employee’s inferences of self. Drawing on a cross-organizational sample of 142 employees, we test the impact of employee silence, in the forms of acquiescent, quiescent, prosocial, and opportunistic silence, on employees’ job self-efficacy and organization-based self-esteem. In addition, we examine how organizational citizenship behavior toward the organization and toward individuals mediates the direct effects. Results indicate that quiescent silence negatively affects organization-based self-esteem, and that opportunistic silence has a negative impact on job self-efficacy. In addition, organizational citizenship behavior toward the organization and organizational citizenship behavior toward individuals fully mediate the relationship between opportunistic silence and organization-based self-esteem, whereas organizational citizenship behavior toward individuals and organizational citizenship behavior toward the organization partially mediate the relationship between opportunistic silence and job self-efficacy. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The Last Multilateralist?
Authors: Wood Steve
Published: February 2020

Germany benefited most from post‐war integration into liberal democratic structures, an experience that transformed it into an enthusiastic advocate of multilateralism and a model for other states. The current “illiberal turn” away from international institutions and, in some instances, international law, threatens Germany's preferred orientation. As authoritarian regimes and populisms undermine the “liberal international order” that made Germany secure and prosperous, it may be left as one of few if not the only noteworthy advocate of multilateralism in global affairs.
Organisational learning and change in a public sector context
Authors: Elliott Ian C
Published: February 2020

It is broadly accepted that learning is important in supporting the delivery of change. Furthermore, during times of public sector budget cuts there is a growing interest in innovation and change. However, it is also generally accepted that austere times typically lead to a reduction in training and development budgets – particularly within the public sector.

This paper explores the extent to which the assumed link between learning and change is contested during austerity. Fifty-one public sector managers from Wales and Scotland participated in the study, over a period of 13 months, from a wide range of public sector organisations across two devolved parts of the UK. The research explored issues surrounding motivations for learning, expectations of outcomes and perceptions around the drivers of change.

It is found that public sector budget cuts are having a direct impact on learning and development opportunities across the UK public sector. Whilst budget cuts may lead to change, this is likely to be piecemeal rather than strategic. In conclusion, this research supports the view that austerity is a barrier to meaningful change in the public sector and not a driver.
The Affective Self: Perseverance of Self-Sentiments in Late-Life Dementia
Authors: Francis Linda E. , Lively Kathryn J. , König Alexandra , Hoey Jesse
Published: February 2020

The self has long been construed as a rational, cognitive construct; the cognitive decline of dementia has therefore been largely viewed as the loss of self. Through qualitative interviews, we find that persons with dementia strive to maintain a coherent self despite their increasing disability. Using the theories of affect control theory (ACT) and ACT-Self, we illustrate their shift from using denotative (cognitive) meanings to reliance on connotative (affective) meanings in defining the situation and choosing identities to enact. As persons with dementia lose the cognitive ability to access shared definitions and reflected appraisals, their connection to the social world narrows to affective meanings of established sentiments and emotional reactions from others. Our findings underscore the creative agency of self and the limitations of the rationalistic bias of sociology by recognizing an affective self that stands in complement to the generally acknowledged cognitive self.
Sex differences in text-mined possible adverse drug events associated with drugs for psychosis
Authors: Sørup Freja Karuna Hemmingsen , Eriksson Robert , Westergaard David , Hallas Jesper , Brunak Søren , Ejdrup Andersen Stig
Published: February 2020

Background:

Understanding sex differences in adverse drug reactions to drugs for psychosis could potentially guide clinicians in optimal drug choices.

Aims:

By applying a text-mining approach, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between drugs for psychosis and biological sex differences in frequencies and co-occurrences of potential adverse drug events (ADEs).

Methods:

Electronic patient records of a psychiatric population (1427 men and 727 women) were text mined for potential ADEs. The relative risk of experiencing specific ADEs and co-occurrence of ADEs were calculated for each sex.

Results:

Findings included 55 potential ADEs with significantly different frequencies between the two sexes. Of these, 20 were more frequent in men, with relative risks of 1.10–7.64, and 35 were more frequent in women, with relative risks of 1.19–21.58. Frequent potential ADEs were psychiatric symptoms, including sexual dysfunction and disturbances in men, and gastrointestinal symptoms, suicidal and self-injurious behaviour and hyperprolactinemia-related events in women. Mention of different hyperprolactinemia-related ADEs often co-occurred in female patients but not in male patients.

Conclusion:

Several known sex-related ADEs were identified, as well as some previously not reported. When considering the risk–benefit profile of drugs for psychosis, the patient’s sex should be considered.
Massive abdominal hemorrhage after radiofrequency ablation of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with successful hemostasis achieved through transarterial embolization: a case report
Authors: Shi Qing-miao , Xue Chen , He Yu-ting , Hu Xiao-bo , Yu Zu-jiang
Published: February 2020

Acute massive abdominal hemorrhage after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an infrequent and severe complication. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may be life-threatening. We herein describe a 60-year-old man with a history of postoperative HCC. A new nidus of HCC was found in his right liver lobe after abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative angiography. The patient then underwent computed tomography-guided RFA. However, 7 hours after RFA, he suddenly developed dizziness, nausea, abdominal distension, hematuria, a decreased blood pressure, and an increased heart rate. Diagnostic abdominal puncture produced bloody liquid, and angiography demonstrated hemorrhage in the right hepatic artery. Transarterial embolization was performed following the administration of an appropriate amount of tissue emulsion to embolize the source of hemorrhage. Following this treatment, the patient had no further bleeding. Neither the hemorrhage nor the HCC lesions had recurred after 3 months of follow-up.
Donepezil plus memantine versus donepezil alone for treatment of concomitant Alzheimer’s disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Cao Yangyi , Qian Liang , Yu Weiguang , Li Tingting , Mao Shuai , Han Guowei
Published: February 2020

Objective

To assess the clinical outcomes of donepezil plus memantine (DM) and donepezil (DO) alone in Asian patients with a concomitant diagnosis of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease and mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AD-COPD).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with AD-COPD who received either DM or DO for 6 months, or until the occurrence of unacceptable adverse events or disease progression, between June 2012 and May 2016. The primary endpoint was the score on the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE). Secondary endpoints were scores on the caregiver-rated Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Dementia Quality of Life (DEMQOL)-Proxy, and General Health Questionnaire 12.

Results

In total, 154 eligible patients received DM, whereas 156 received DO. Compared with patients who received DO, patients who received DM had significantly higher mean scores on the SMMSE by 2.1 points (95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.5). Significant between-group heterogeneity was not detected in outcomes over time. The benefits of treatment with DM were greater than those of treatment with DO, in terms of the primary endpoint. Significant differences were also detected in terms of secondary endpoints.

Conclusion

DM is more effective than DO alone for Asian patients with AD-COPD.
The effect of employee affective and cognitive trust in leadership on organisational citizenship behaviour and organisational commitment: Meta-analytic findings and implications for trust research
Authors: Fischer Sarah , Hyder Shannon , Walker Arlene
Published: February 2020

Trust is a contemporary topic, as society is losing trust in prominent institutions. Understanding trust in the workplace is critical, yet, a consensus around trust as unidimensional or multidimensional has not emerged in the literature. Some measure trust globally, while others measure its dimensions. This article builds on organisational trust research by exploring the relationships between a model of trust multidimensionality and organisational citizenship behaviour, organisational commitment and its facets. Findings from this meta-analysis of 11 studies indicated that trust dimensions have different strengths of relationship with organisational citizenship behaviour and commitment. Although the number of studies included is small, similar meta-analyses are considered valuable and worth exploring for the purpose of theory development. In the context of inconsistent trust definition and measurement, these findings support confirmation that trust is a multidimensional construct.

JEL Classification: L2
Screw and Sheath Tibial Fixation Associated With a Higher Likelihood of Deep Infection After Hamstring Graft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hurvitz Andrew P. , Prentice Heather A. , Funahashi Tadashi T. , Maletis Gregory B.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Hamstring autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLRs) have exhibited higher infection rates compared with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft. The reason for this observed difference is unclear, warranting investigation.

Purpose:

To evaluate the association between tibial fixation, either with or without a sheath and screw construct, and the risk of deep infection after hamstring autograft ACLR, using BPTB autograft as a reference group for comparison.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Using the Kaiser Permanente ACLR Registry, we identified all primary isolated, unilateral, single-bundle ACLRs with a BPTB or hamstring autograft (January 1, 2008, to September 30, 2016). The exposure groups included the following: (1) BPTB ACLR, (2) hamstring ACLR using a screw and sheath construct for tibial fixation (HS with screw and sheath), and (3) hamstring ACLR using a method other than a screw and sheath construct for tibial fixation (HS without screw and sheath). We used logistic regression to evaluate the likelihood of 90-day postoperative deep infection using BPTB autograft as the reference group and adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. The number needed to be exposed (NNE) was calculated.

Results:

Of 15,671 ACLRs, 6745 (43.0%) used a BPTB graft, 2852 (18.2%) used HS with screw and sheath tibial fixation, and 6074 (38.8%) used HS without screw and sheath tibial fixation. There were 38 (0.2%) 90-day deep infections: 11 (0.2%) for BPTB, 14 (0.5%) for HS with screw and sheath, and 13 (0.2%) for HS without screw and sheath. Staphylococcus aureus for the BPTB group and Staphylococcus epidermidis in both hamstring groups were the most common infecting organisms. HS with screw and sheath had a higher likelihood of 90-day deep infection compared with BPTB ACLR (odds ratio [OR], 2.87; 95% CI, 1.29-6.38). We failed to observe a difference for HS without screw and sheath compared with BPTB ACLR (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.54-2.77). The NNE was 330 and 2701 for HS with and HS without screw and sheath, respectively.

Conclusion:

Although the overall infection rate after ACLR is low, the higher likelihood of infections when sheath and screw combined are used for tibial fixation of a hamstring autograft ACLR should be a consideration when this procedure is performed.
Demolished concretes recycling by the use of pneumatic jigs
Authors: Hoffmann Sampaio Carlos , Cazacliu Bogdan G , Ambrós Weslei Monteiro , Kronbauer Márcio André , Tubino Rejane MC , Dal Molin Denise CC , Oliva Josep , Miltzarek Gérson L , Waskow Regis P , dos Santos Viviane LG
Published: February 2020

Large quantities of construction and demolition waste is generated annually around the world. Part of this material is processed in recycling plants. After removing metals, fines and lights, the construction and demolition waste is crushed and sized and can be used as aggregates for low resistance concrete, for road sub-base, city landfill and other low value-added applications. For their use as coarse aggregate in structural concretes, construction and demolition waste must exhibit high densities and regularity of the material. This material usually is presented in demolished concretes. About 20% of the particles from demolished concretes can be used as coarse aggregates substituting part of natural aggregates in structural concretes. This article presents studies of demolished concretes recycling by the use of a pneumatic jig. All jigging tests were carried out with three different concretes produced in three strength classes: C16/20, ordinary concrete; C50/60, high strength concrete; and C70/85, very high strength concrete. Based on density distribution of the three concretes, there are reasonable masses with densities over 2.7 g cm−3, particle density considered appropriate to the used as coarse aggregate for structural concretes. The concretes present different mass recoveries of the denser particles (different liberation). Coarse aggregates can be recovered with reasonable masses by the use of air jigs: About 65% for high strength concretes and about 75% for the low strength concrete. The jigging concentration efficiency depends on the concrete liberation, density and size distribution.
Emerging Adults and Christian Faith: The Faith Experience of Emerging Adults in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Drovdahl Robert , Keuss Jeffrey
Published: February 2020

A new life-cycle stage, emerging adulthood, has gained increasing traction. Since research shows intersectionality between life-cycle stage and religious experience, research is warranted on this question: How do emerging adults experience faith? This article provides background on emerging adulthood theory, summarizes research on religious life among emerging adults in the Pacific Northwest, and describes early findings of a Lilly Endowment study on emerging adults’ experience of faith. It concludes by considering implications for ministry.
Tumor-targeting and redox-sensitive micelles based on hyaluronic acid conjugate for delivery of paclitaxel
Authors: Liu Jiyang , Liang Na , Li Shupeng , Han Yang , Yan Pengfei , Kawashima Yoshiaki , Cui Fude , Sun Shaoping
Published: February 2020

The clinical application of paclitaxel is limited due to its low solubility and severe side effects. A tumor-targeting and redox-sensitive paclitaxel-loaded micellar system could exhibit high drug solubility, excellent antitumor activity and low toxicity to normal tissues. An mPEG and hexadecanol-modified hyaluronic acid with disulfide bridges in the molecules (mPEG-S-S-HA-C16) was designed and synthesized. Using mPEG-S-S-HA-C16 as the carrier, the paclitaxel-loaded micelles were fabricated, and their physicochemical properties were studied deeply. Moreover, the antitumor evaluation of the paclitaxel-loaded micelles was conducted in vitro and in vivo. For the optimized paclitaxel-loaded mPEG-S-S-HA-C16 micelles, the average size and zeta potential were 168.6 nm and −38.2 mV, respectively. In vitro drug release study demonstrated the redox-sensitivity of the micelles that the encapsulated paclitaxel could be released rapidly in the presence of glutathione. MTT assay confirmed the low toxicity of the polymeric material itself and the excellent cytotoxicity of paclitaxel-loaded mPEG-S-S-HA-C16 micelles against MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the in vivo antitumor evaluation demonstrated the superior antitumor efficacy of the paclitaxel-loaded micelles. These results suggested that the paclitaxel-loaded mPEG-S-S-HA-C16 micelles held great promise for targeted delivery of paclitaxel.
Crimes Against Women: From Violence to Homicide
Authors: Abrunhosa Catarina , de Castro Rodrigues Andreia , Cruz Ana Rita , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa , Cunha Olga
Published: February 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly prevalent phenomenon worldwide and is considered a severe violation of human rights. Intimate partner homicide (IPH) and attempted intimate partner homicide (AIPH) although less frequent have a severe direct or indirect impact on victims. Despite the vast literature on IPV and IPH, there is still scarce research on AIPH. Thus, this study aimed to analyze whether perpetrators of IPV, IPH, and AIPH differ from each other, as well as to identify the factors that predict violence in intimacy. For those purposes, we performed a comparative analysis between 50 male individuals convicted of IPH, 27 convicted of AIPH, and 168 convicted of IPV from Portugal. The data were collected using an interview and a set of psychological measures. Results revealed that, although IPV, IPH, and AIPH perpetrators’ share some characteristics, significant differences were found between them. IPV perpetrators were more prone to perpetrate violent behaviors against an intimate partner or ex-partner than IPH or AIPH offenders. The use of weapons and separation from the victim increases the probability of committing IPH or AIPH. Being divorced, having no children, and committing other crimes than domestic violence are predictors of AIPH. These results have some practical implications, in terms of both risk prediction and risk management. Accurate and comprehensive tools should be included as a routine in the primary care services, as well as in the child care services and in victim support services. Prevention and intervention efforts must be comprehensive, involving work with perpetrators and victims.
Design of a turning cutting tool with large length–diameter ratio based on three-element type vibration absorber
Authors: Yang Yiqing , Gao Haoyang , Ma Wenshuo , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2020

The vibration absorber has been effective in vibration control. From the demand of manufacturing structural parts with a deep hole, the design of a turning cutting tool with large length–diameter ratio is presented. An analytical approach of acquiring frequency response of primary structure equipped with typical single-degree-of-freedom vibration absorbers is formulated, and background modes are incorporated with the purpose of achieving an accurate tuning of vibration absorber. Specifically, the three-element type is investigated as the damping element of the vibration absorber embedded in the cutting tool contributes to the stiffness, although it demonstrates medium performance of vibration suppression according to non-dimensional analysis. The experimentally tuned frequency response function of the turning cutting tool with three-element vibration absorber achieves 87.1% reduction on the amplitude of the target mode. Finally, several configurations of internal turning operations are carried out to validate the design of the vibration absorber.