bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSTRATIF BEBERAPA JENIS DAUN BAMBU
Authors: Matoke Manuel , Hutabarat Lasti , Samosir Agustinus , Sinaga Rey
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the extractive content based on the type of solvent in several types of bamboo leaves. Air dried bamboo leaves were chopped into particles and ground using a blender. After it was finely ground, the sago waste was sieved using 40 and 60 mesh sieves, to obtain bamboo leaf powder with a size of -40/+mesh (TAPPI T 257 cm-85) for testing chemical components. Testing for bamboo leaf powder includes testing the content of cold-water soluble extractive substances, the content of hot-water soluble extractive substances, and the levels of ethanol-toluene soluble extractives. The results of the research showed that the type of bamboo leaf had a significant effect on the levels of cold-water soluble extractive substances, the levels of hot-water soluble extractives, and the levels of ethanol-toluene soluble extractives. Cold water soluble extractive content was 8.4149-10.6612%, hot water soluble extractive 9.1871-10.7843% and ethanol-toluene soluble extractive 4.2009-7.1242%. The solubility of extractives in hot water tends to be higher for all types of leaves and suanggi bamboo tends to contain higher extractives for each type of solvent.
Tradisi Nasi Ambeng sebagai Adat Mendoakan Leluhur dan Menjalin Silaturahmi di Masyarakat Kecamatan Sooko Kabupaten Ponorogo Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Tsani Luthfi Badrus , Ibrahim Rustam , Syafi’i Ahmad
Published: July 2024

The ruwahan tradition is the tradition of sending prayers to the ancestors independently each family and also together using an Ambengan which is carried out in the mosque. Ambengan is food as a symbol to send prayers and ask God for the safety of the ancestral spirits of the Sooko Ponorogo hamlet community. The people of Sooko Ponorogo Hamlet usually send prayers for a pilgrimage to the grave after the 15th of the month of Syaban. The ruwahan tradition is carried out to send prayers and remind people of their deceased ancestors. This ruwahan tradition has existed for a long time, therefore people now only preserve or continue the tradition. Along with time, the implementation of the ruwahan tradition experienced dynamics by summarizing the tradition. This makes it easier for people to carry out the tradition, but on the other hand there is a cut in the tradition that will reduce the richness of the pre-existing culture.
Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Flip PDF Professional pada Materi Gaya dan Perubahan Energi Kelas IV SDN Sepatan 3 Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Fadilah Ahmad Arif , Latifah Nur , Safitri Agustini
Published: July 2024

Research with the development of a Professional Flip Pdf based E-Module on Force and Energi Changes for Class IV SDN Sepatan 3 Tangerang Regency in this learning aims to produce a product in the science subject. This development uses the ADDIE model procedure with 5 stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This development also went through a validation stage with material experts, namely by getting a percentage result of 86% with the criteria "Good", media experts with a percentage score of 89% "Very Good", class teachers with a percentage score of 80% "Good", and the results of the large group trial, namely one class with a total of 44 students, obtained a score of 4.44 and a percentage of 88.8% with the criteria "Very Good/Decent". This is also known from the results of the percentage of E-Module use at 88.8%. and the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) value in science learning in class IV is 75. So the conclusion from the development of E-modules in science learning when using professional flip pdf based E-modules on force and energi changes is that there is a percentage increase of 18 .4%. Based on these results, the Professional Flip Pdf Based E-module media product on Force and Energi Changes Class IV can be said to be Very Good/suitable for use.
Europeanisation, westernisation or globalisation of the book market in Poland? Evidence from translation flows in Poland (1980-2022)
Authors: Coudroy de Lille Lydia , Sandu Alexandra
Published: July 2024

The article provides evidence for the opening of Polish culture in the last four decades, focusing on incoming translation flows, i.e., the books translated from foreign languages to Polish. It answers the question of whether the circulation of cultural goods has followed the same pattern as the economy, i.e., a shift towards Western European influences. It shows, with quantitative data completed with qualitative data, that the Polish culture has opened up to Western culture but also to an increasingly global culture. The article explains the differences between both databases used for the research. The evidence further demonstrates that the sociology of translation influences the geography of translation flows.
The role of place in everyday life of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland
Authors: Kotus Jacek , Adams Paul C.
Published: July 2024

The article addresses the issue of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland. The authors aim to reconstruct the role that various places play in the everyday life of refugees in Poland and the differences between recognized places. In this way, the authors try to answer the question about the meaning of place in life as refugee persons during the first weeks and the following months of their stay in host country. The research used a mixed method approach: general questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. The particular findings of the studyare related to the observations that: a) the spaces/places in the first days and weeks of war refugees' stay inthe host country are completely generic, b) during their stay in the following months, refugees look for places to redefine their situation. The main conclusion of the research is that places have a very great, perhaps underestimated, importance during the stay of war refugees in the host country.
Potential rockfalls in the periglacial zone of the Polish High Tatras: Extent and kinematics
Authors: Kajdas Joanna , Gądek Bogdan
Published: July 2024

The study offers the first attempt to combine the identification of rock cliffs particularly prone to rockfall with estimates of the potential trajectories and kinetic energies of the material released in this way in the Tatra Mountains. The results obtained suggest that the potential energy of the relief and the initial size and shape of the rock fragments released have not fundamentally changed since the complete disappearance of the glaciers. It was also found that the degree to which glacial and periglacial landforms are buried by such material depends not just on the location, number and size of the release areas or rockfall frequency but also on the kinetic energy of the rock material released. The rockfalls observed in recent years and those perceived as potentialones are linked not so much to permafrost degradation as to the relief, geology and weather conditions.
Paysages linguistiques du Japon contemporain : le choix du système d’écriture comme représentation des valeurs et des identités
Authors: Hosokawa Naoko
Published: July 2024

Cet article explore la représentation de l’identité sociétale dans les paysages linguistiques urbains du Japon en mettant l’accent sur le choix du type d’écriture. Les études sur le paysage linguistique portent souvent sur une communauté multilingue. Au Japon, le niveau de multilinguisme n’est pas élevé en raison d’une idée fausse et persistante selon laquelle le Japon est un pays monolingue. Cependant, dans les villes japonaises, nous remarquons la diversité des écritures utilisées dans l’espace public, soit cinq systèmes d’écriture. Bien que chacun de ces systèmes ait une fonction distincte, ils sont aujourd’hui utilisés de manière créative afin de manifester certaines images, valeurs et identités. L’article conclut que le choix de l’écriture en japonais joue un rôle important dans la représentation visuelle des valeurs symboliques et des identités sociétales.
Cartes mentales dans les ateliers d’écriture en langues minoritaires au Mexique et paysages linguistiques imaginaires
Authors: Léonard Jean Léo
Published: July 2024

Dans quelle mesure les cartes mentales recueillies à l’appui de narrations sur des dilemmes touchant des territoires ethnolinguistiques dans le cadre des TERPLO peuvent-elles contribuer au paradigme des paysages linguistiques, comme forme d’observation des interrelations et interactions entre langues et idéologies linguistiques, de par le monde ? Cet article documente et analyse les contenus de cartes mentales et de narrations obtenues selon une méthodologie co-participative, avec des locuteurs de langues otomangue du Mexique (langues triqui, chinantec, mazatec) et de mixe de l’Isthme, dans l’État d’Oaxaca. Pour ce faire, le modèle analytique des formes de figuration du visible par l’anthropologue Philippe Descola, opposant naturalisme, animisme, analogisme et totémisme, sert de grille de lecture des contenus de ces productions, conçues comme autant de prismes de la complexité des relations et interactions entre modernité et postmodernité en milieu autochtone dans le Mexique contemporain.
Somolinos Molina, Cristina (2022). Rojas las manos. Mujeres trabajadoras en la narrativa española contemporánea. Granada: Comares.
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Nieves
Published: July 2024

Reseña de Somolinos Molina, Cristina: Rojas las manos. Mujeres trabajadoras en la narrativa española contemporánea. Granada: Comares, 2022, 292 pp.
Foreign experience in determining the validity of the will of the people
Authors: Kravchenko Oleg Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2024

The subject of the study is the experience of foreign countries in the field of the authenticity of the will of the people when voting on direct forms of democracy. The paper examines democracy and the identification of the will of the people in Germany. It is proposed to distinguish broad and narrow approaches to understanding reliability when it comes to identifying the will of the people. Thus, a narrow approach is relevant only to the correctness of the vote count, and then the credibility of the will of the people should be defined as the correspondence of the final voting protocol to the actual will of the people, and with a broad approach it is proposed to consider it as the correspondence of the will of the people to the true and free will of the people. The classification of types of distortions of the will of a citizen (based on their nature) is revealed. The main conclusions of the study are the results of studying the foreign practice of organizing the determination of the reliable expression of the will of the people in direct forms of democracy. In a number of positions, foreign experience can be borrowed. Thus, it would be justified to legislatively and constitutionally consolidate the increasing importance of political parties in the sphere of forming the will of the people. Taking into account foreign experience, it is possible to introduce specific measures of criminal and civil liability of a casuistic orientation for non-fulfillment or violation of the procedural norms of the electoral process stipulated by law, entailing distortion of the will of voters. It seems that there is a need to introduce responsibility to the people and the entire deputy corps of the legislative authority as a whole, that is, the introduction of a popular vote of no confidence in this composition of the legislative authority if there are doubts about the reliability of the results of determining the will of the people. As guarantees of the real implementation of democracy and the power of the people, it would be necessary to provide for the adoption of the most important legislative acts in the field of determining the authenticity of the will of the people, only if there is a popular initiative.
[Acque Sotterranee - Italian Journal of Groundwater is 40 years old]
Authors: Chiarugi Stefano
Published: July 2024

[Article in Italian]
Rivista Acque Sotterranee compie 40 anni
Goal-directed vocal planning in a songbird
Authors: Zai Anja T , Stepien Anna E , Giret Nicolas , Hahnloser Richard HR
Published: July 2024

Songbirds’ vocal mastery is impressive, but to what extent is it a result of practice? Can they, based on experienced mismatch with a known target, plan the necessary changes to recover the target in a practice-free manner without intermittently singing? In adult zebra finches, we drive the pitch of a song syllable away from its stable (baseline) variant acquired from a tutor, then we withdraw reinforcement and subsequently deprive them of singing experience by muting or deafening. In this deprived state, birds do not recover their baseline song. However, they revert their songs toward the target by about 1 standard deviation of their recent practice, provided the sensory feedback during the latter signaled a pitch mismatch with the target. Thus, targeted vocal plasticity does not require immediate sensory experience, showing that zebra finches are capable of goal-directed vocal planning.
Bacterial exonuclease III expands its enzymatic activities on single-stranded DNA
Authors: Wang Hao , Ye Chen , Lu Qi , Jiang Zhijie , Jiang Chao , Zhou Chun , Li Na , Zhang Caiqiao , Zhao Guoping , Yue Min , Li Yan
Published: July 2024

Bacterial exonuclease III (ExoIII), widely acknowledged for specifically targeting double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), has been documented as a DNA repair-associated nuclease with apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-endonuclease and 3′→5′ exonuclease activities. Due to these enzymatic properties, ExoIII has been broadly applied in molecular biosensors. Here, we demonstrate that ExoIII (Escherichia coli) possesses highly active enzymatic activities on ssDNA. By using a range of ssDNA fluorescence-quenching reporters and fluorophore-labeled probes coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, we found ExoIII cleaved the ssDNA at 5′-bond of phosphodiester from 3′ to 5′ end by both exonuclease and endonuclease activities. Additional point mutation analysis identified the critical residues for the ssDNase action of ExoIII and suggested the activity shared the same active center with the dsDNA-targeted activities of ExoIII. Notably, ExoIII could also digest the dsDNA structures containing 3′-end ssDNA. Considering most ExoIII-assisted molecular biosensors require the involvement of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or nucleic acid aptamer containing ssDNA, the activity will lead to low efficiency or false positive outcome. Our study revealed the multi-enzymatic activity and the underlying molecular mechanism of ExoIII on ssDNA, illuminating novel insights for understanding its biological roles in DNA repair and the rational design of ExoIII-ssDNA involved diagnostics.
Pedagogical sentiment analysis based on the BERT-CNN-BiGRU-attention model in the context of intercultural communication barriers
Authors: Bi Xin , Zhang Tian
Published: July 2024

Amid the wave of globalization, the phenomenon of cultural amalgamation has surged in frequency, bringing to the fore the heightened prominence of challenges inherent in cross-cultural communication. To address these challenges, contemporary research has shifted its focus to human–computer dialogue. Especially in the educational paradigm of human–computer dialogue, analysing emotion recognition in user dialogues is particularly important. Accurately identify and understand users’ emotional tendencies and the efficiency and experience of human–computer interaction and play. This study aims to improve the capability of language emotion recognition in human–computer dialogue. It proposes a hybrid model (BCBA) based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), convolutional neural networks (CNN), bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU), and the attention mechanism. This model leverages the BERT model to extract semantic and syntactic features from the text. Simultaneously, it integrates CNN and BiGRU networks to delve deeper into textual features, enhancing the model’s proficiency in nuanced sentiment recognition. Furthermore, by introducing the attention mechanism, the model can assign different weights to words based on their emotional tendencies. This enables it to prioritize words with discernible emotional inclinations for more precise sentiment analysis. The BCBA model has achieved remarkable results in emotion recognition and classification tasks through experimental validation on two datasets. The model has significantly improved both accuracy and F1 scores, with an average accuracy of 0.84 and an average F1 score of 0.8. The confusion matrix analysis reveals a minimal classification error rate for this model. Additionally, as the number of iterations increases, the model’s recall rate stabilizes at approximately 0.7. This accomplishment demonstrates the model’s robust capabilities in semantic understanding and sentiment analysis and showcases its advantages in handling emotional characteristics in language expressions within a cross-cultural context. The BCBA model proposed in this study provides effective technical support for emotion recognition in human–computer dialogue, which is of great significance for building more intelligent and user-friendly human–computer interaction systems. In the future, we will continue to optimize the model’s structure, improve its capability in handling complex emotions and cross-lingual emotion recognition, and explore applying the model to more practical scenarios to further promote the development and application of human–computer dialogue technology.
Religión y Supra-racionalidad, enseñanzas del proceso constituyente chileno, 2019-2023
Authors: Palma Cruzat Joaquin
Published: July 2024

El presente texto busca analizar ciertas dimensiones de la relación del fenómeno religioso con el Derecho Constitucional. En este sentido, la trascendencia constituye un elemento integrante de la naturaleza del humano y, por ende, no le es ajeno al Derecho. En particular, la sociedad y la tradición constitucional chilena siempre ha estado en una constante interacción con el fenómeno religioso y ello se manifestado cómo la protección a la libertad religiosa se ha ido configurando en el ordenamiento jurídico. Así, el último proceso constituyente no estuvo exento de esta característica propia de la identidad constitucional nacional dejando ciertos elementos de análisis que resultan importante a la hora de observar la constante relación entre la religión y el derecho.El presente texto busca analizar ciertas dimensiones de la relación del fenómeno religioso con el Derecho Constitucional. En este sentido, la trascendencia constituye un elemento integrante de la naturaleza del humano y, por ende, no le es ajeno al Derecho. En particular, la sociedad y la tradición constitucional chilena siempre ha estado en una constante interacción con el fenómeno religioso y ello se manifestado cómo la protección a la libertad religiosa se ha ido configurando en el ordenamiento jurídico. Así, el último proceso constituyente no estuvo exento de esta característica propia de la identidad constitucional nacional dejando ciertos elementos de análisis que resultan importante a la hora de observar la constante relación entre la religión y el derecho.
Surgical Outcome of Tumescent Versus Non Tumescent Technique for Harvesting Split Skin Graft: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Baid Shashank , Pujar K Anupama , Kumaraswamy M , Kalapurmat Manjunath
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The technique for harvesting Split-thickness Skin Grafts (STSG) varies among surgeons. To control bleeding from split-thickness skin graft donor sites, the use of several haemostatic agents has been reported. The tumescent technique involves injecting tumescent fluid into the subcutaneous fat, obtaining swelling and firmness (tumescence) of the surgical area. This creates regional anaesthesia of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, allowing painless cutaneous surgery, with adrenaline acts as a haemostatic agent. Aim: To compare the surgical outcomes in terms of blood loss during the harvesting of STSG, postoperative pain experienced by the patient, healing of the donor site, and graft take rate with tumescent versus non tumescent techniques of STSG. Materials and Methods: The present prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from November 2017 to March 2019. A total of 56 patients were enrolled after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were alternately assigned into the groups of tumescent or non tumescent technique groups. Intraoperative bleeding was assessed, postoperative pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and healing of the donor and recipient sites were assessed. Student’s t-test (two-tailed, independent) was used to find the significance of study parameters on a continuous scale between the two groups. The Chi-square/ Fisher’s-exact test was used to assess the significance of study parameters on a categorical scale between two or more groups. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age of patients in the tumescent group was 48.25±12.79 years and in the non tumescent group was 52.79±12.91 years. Intraoperative bleeding ranged from 0-25% in all 28 patients in the tumescent group, while it ranged from 76-100% in all 28 patients in the control group (p-value<0.001). When the authors compared the pain on Postoperative Day (POD) 1 using VAS we observed that 32.1% of cases (n=9) had a score of 5-7 compared to 28.6% of controls (n=8). There was no significant difference in postoperative pain, and the technique used for harvesting STSG did not affect the healing of the donor site or the graft take at the recipient site. Conclusion: The tumescent technique is a safer and better alternative to the non tumescent technique, as intraoperative bleeding is significantly lower with the former. Additionally, the tumescent technique does not affect the healing of the donor or recipient site.
Macroscopic Changes in the Human Placenta in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Indian Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khastgir Gaurav , Shankar Veena Vidya , Uday Rajini , Shetty Shailaja
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a common complication in 6-10% of pregnancies and is one of the prime factors for foetal, as well as, maternal fatalities and morbidities. Significant pathological changes are seen in the placenta in hypertensive pregnancies before affecting the foetus. These changes may serve as an early warning system for detecting foetal issues like low birth weight and growth restriction. Early detection and intervention of morphological changes in the placenta and umbilical cord can help prevent adverse foetal outcomes. Aim: To study the macroscopic changes in the placenta in women with HTN induced by pregnancy compared to non hypertensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between December 2017 and January 2019. A sample size of 43 each was taken for non hypertensive and hypertensive subjects, including those with preeclampsia and chronic HTN with superimposed preeclampsia. The placental morphological parameters, routine biochemical tests and neonatal outcomes of both groups were analysed statistically using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Independent t-test and Chi-square test. A probability value less than 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.35±3.026 years in the hypertensive group and 26.23±2.636 years in the control group. The circular, oval and irregular shapes were 29 (65.9%), 10 (22.7%) and 4 (9.3%) in non hypertensive subjects and 33 (78.6%), 7 (16.27%) and 3 (7.1%) in the hypertensive subjects, respectively. The surface area (mean-142.44±49.69; p-value<0.001), radius (mean-6.622±1.24; p-value<0.001), circumference (mean-37.419±6.091; p-value<0.001), the quantum of cotyledons (mean-13.09±3.344; p-value<0.001) were lesser in the hypertensive group than the non hypertensive subjects. There were differences in placental and foetal weight among non hypertensive and hypertensive subjects, but the differences were insignificant. The Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) babies were more in non hypertensive subjects. Conclusion: The present study found hypertensive pregnancies to be associated with a greater occurrence of unfavourable foetal outcomes. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of investigating the placenta’s physical attributes and their association with foetal outcomes to develop standard operating protocols for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in normal/ complicated pregnancies.
Anaesthetic Management of a Patient with Guillain-Barré Syndrome undergoing Proximal Humerus Fracture Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Patil Chaitali S , Bakhshi Rochana Girish , Ningthoujam Babina
Published: July 2024

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder which can present in acute and chronic forms. It is an inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. These patients pose potential perioperative risks of autonomic dysfunction and respiratory muscle weakness. The current case report shows a 66-year-old female with a history of a fall at home eight days prior to surgery, diagnosed with a right-sided proximal humerus fracture. The patient was a diagnosed case of GBS and hypertension since five years. For GBS, she had a history of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission for both upper and lower limb muscle weakness and breathlessness. She recovered with treatment of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) and oxygen therapy. The weakness improved gradually over time but did not fully recover. The patient continued to have weakness in both lower and upper limbs prior to surgery. The patient underwent Joshi’s External Stabilising System (JESS) fixation surgery for the right proximal humerus fracture. Ultrasound-guided (USG) interscalene and superficial cervical plexus block were performed in view of pre-existing muscle weakness and to reduce the requirement of postoperative ventilator support. The intraoperative course was uneventful. The patient’s sensory and motor power returned to the same prior to surgery after the block’s effects subsided.
A Case Series on Variations in Location of Vermiform Appendix: Revisited with Computed Tomography
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar
Published: July 2024

The appendix is known to have varying locations and extents in relation to the cecum, to which it is attached in the main gastrointestinal tract. These variations have significant implications in terms of the varying clinical presentation of appendicitis, which may deviate from the classical presentation in the right iliac fossa and thus delay diagnosis. Knowledge of the different positions of the appendix helps in identifying the relatively common pathology of appendicitis, which may occur even beyond the confines of the right iliac fossa. This imaging case series depicts the spectrum of variations in the locations of the appendix as seen on Computed Tomography (CT) in a comprehensive though simpler way. The types of appendix illustrated in this imaging case series include the medial appendix with its subtypes (postileal-3, pelvic-2), subcecal (3), retrocecal (2), paracecal (1), and prececal appendix (1). In cases of the acute abdomen where appendicitis is suspected and if the appendix is not identified or only partly traced in the right iliac fossa, attempts should be made to trace the entire appendix in unconventional locations in the abdomenpelvis. Such a scenario might be more likely if the patient is only experiencing distal appendicitis.
Digital Platforms as Enablers of MSMEs' Business Model Innovation: Revealing the Role of Capability Reconfigurations
Authors: Qohar Rais Zaki Saiful , Darmawan Baziedy Aditya
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of digital platforms on business model innovation within the MSME sector in Indonesia, addressing the contextual limitations found in previous study. Utilizing a comprehensive study design, this study investigates the roles of digital platform adoption, evolutionary capability reconfiguration, and substitutional capability reconfiguration in driving business model innovation. The study methods included hypothesis testing through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on data collected from MSMEs in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The results reveal that while digital platform adoption alone does not directly enhance business model innovation, it significantly influences capability reconfiguration. Specifically, substitutional reconfiguration plays a critical role in transforming business models by integrating new, more efficient capabilities. Conversely, evolutionary reconfiguration, despite being influenced by digital platforms, does not have an immediate significant impact on business model innovation. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of dynamic capabilities, highlighting the importance of substitutional reconfiguration for rapid and significant innovation. Practically, the study provides valuable insights for MSME owners and managers on leveraging digital platforms to enhance their value chains and drive business model innovation, ensuring sustainability and competitive advantage in the digital age.
Diversity, Abundance, and Seasonal Variation of Aquatic Macrophytes in Southeastern Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Foysul , Chowdhury Gazlima , Nabil Tamzid Ahsan , Hossain Abrar , Bhuyain Sumiya , Mithi Mst. Meherin Farzana , Begum Nazmin , Hossen Alim
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted to assess the diversity and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in the southeastern region of Bangladesh, encompassing the Noakhali, Cumilla, and Chandpur districts. The study was carried out over the period of July 2022 to June 2023. This research utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating observation of the study area, qualitative interviews, and quantitative surveys.  Five types of aquatic macrophytes, 47 species from 18 orders and 25 families were identified. These are free-floating, rooted-floating, emergent, submerged, and marginal.  Among the three locations, Noakhali was recorded as the highest with 44 species, followed by Cumilla with 43, and Chandpur with 35. In Noakhali, seasonal variation analysis showed that 39% of species were found in the rainy season, 14% in summer, 14% in winter, and 20% year-round. In Cumilla, 35% of aquatic macrophytes were available in the rainy season, and 14%, 12%, and 5% in winter, spring, and autumn, respectively. In Chandpur, 37% of aquatic macrophytes were prevalent in the rainy season, 26% were found year-round, 9% in winter, 14% in summer, and 6% each in spring and autumn. In Noakhali, 44% of macrophytes were frequent, 33% moderate, and 23% rare. In Cumilla, 49% were frequent, 44% moderate, and 14% rare. Chandpur reported 49% frequent, 31% moderate, and 20% rare species. The order Alismatales emerged as the dominant order comparatively across all locations. This research will provide insights into the biodiversity of aquatic macrophytes in this area, thus supporting effective management strategies.
Changes in Spinal Alignment and Physiotherapy Treatment Applied to Scoliosis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lima Talyta de Alcântara , Cavalheiro Maelly de Castro , Souza Jilvanda Diniz de , Barbosa Letícia Lobato , Silva Nayara Tainah Lobato da , Pinheiro Nariane Rodrigues , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, the number of people complaining of back pain is increasing, but this pain is associated with scoliosis. However, scoliosis can be defined as the spine curving sideways, forming an "S" or "C" shape. However, there are several types of scoliosis: congenital, idiopathic, neuromuscular and degenerative. The most common is idiopathic scoliosis, which mostly affects children and adolescents, while congenital scoliosis is present at birth due to malformation of the spine. Neuromuscular scoliosis, on the other hand, affects the individual's neurological or muscular condition, followed by degenerative scoliosis, which develops in adulthood or the elderly and is caused by wear and tear on the spine. The aim of this study is to understand the forms of physiotherapy treatments applied to scoliosis. Subsequently, the physiotherapeutic treatments for this pathology include techniques such as RPG (Global Postural Reeducation), Pilates and waistcoats. RPG is a method that seeks to re-educate posture through stretching and muscle strengthening, while Pilates focuses on strengthening and improving flexibility. In addition, the back brace is used to align the spine during treatment. These treatments are aimed at a wide range of people, from children to teenagers, adults and the elderly, depending on the type and severity of the scoliosis. The benefits include improved posture, pain reduction and muscle strengthening. In conclusion, the results of physiotherapy treatment for scoliosis can vary from person to person, but many patients report a significant improvement in their quality of life, a reduction in the progression of the curvature and pain relief. Finally, treatment should be personalised and monitored by qualified professionals.
Bibliometric Analysis on Rural Non-farm Sector: Study on Scopus Database During 1990-2022
Authors: Alex Liya Teressa
Published: July 2024

The rural non-farm sector is increasingly playing an essential role in the development of rural areas around the world. Specifically, as agriculture in the region's contribution to the economy declines, the rural non-farm sector will need to increasingly become a significant provider of employment and income to many rural people. However, rural non-farm employment is not a substitute for employment in agriculture but rather an additional measure. Promoting the rural non-farm sector should be undertaken within the border context of rural development. Bibliometric analysis is a rare contribution to the field of Rural Non-Farm research. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of the publications may provide a direction for future research and a detailed topic analysis. The global literature about Rural Non-Farm published between 1990 and 2022 was scanned from the Scopus database. The keywords used to get the relevant publications are given as "Rural" AND "Non-Farm" in the search criteria "Article Title, Abstract, Keyword". A total of 1135 papers were chosen for this study to conduct bibliometric analysis. VOSviewer is used to carry out the bibliometric analysis. VOS viewer software was used to create maps based on network data of scientific publications displaying relationships among researchers, countries, and scientific journals. Author keywords are used to explore the co-occurrence of different terms connected to rural non-farm research. Results reveal close and robust interconnections between the top authors, suggesting a solid research link. "Poverty", "Agriculture" "Rural Development", and "non-farm employment" are the keywords the authors most repeatedly use. "World Development" Journal has the highest number of citations (2607) with a total link strength of 172. The United States and India have the highest number of articles in the Rural Non-Farm Sector. This study on Rural Non-Farm would help future researchers gain significant insights into the current status of existing literature and assist in conducting a qualitative literature review.
Culture and Isolation of Melanoma‐Initiating Cells
Authors: Stecca Barbara , Santini Roberta , Pandolfi Silvia , Penachioni Junia Y.
Published: February 2013

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer. This unit illustrates protocols for culture and isolation of human melanoma cancer stem cells/tumor‐initiating cells (CSC/TIC). We describe two complementary methods to enrich for melanoma CSC/TIC. The first approach exploits the ability of CSC/TIC to grow as tumor spheres in low‐adherent culture conditions, as previously shown for neural stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. As a second approach, melanoma CSC/TIC are enriched by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity. We previously showed that melanoma cells with high ALDH activity (ALDHhigh) are endowed with higher self‐renewal and tumorigenic abilities than the population with low activity (ALDHlow), suggesting that ALDH might be a good marker to select for melanoma CSC/TIC. This unit will also describe how to functionally test melanoma CSC/TIC by determining self‐renewal in vitro and tumor‐forming abilities in vivo using orthotopic xenograft assay. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 24:3.6.1‐3.6.12. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) and Related Processes
Authors: Grubbs Robert H. , Khosravi Ezat
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Development of Well‐DefinedROMPInitiators

ROMPusing Well‐Defined Tungsten‐ and Molydenum‐Based Alkylidene Initiators

ROMPusing Ruthenium‐Based Initiators

AqueousROMP

Other Metathesis Reactions

Telechelic Polymers

Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis (RCM)

Materials ViaROMP

Conducting Polymers

Stereoregular Fluoropolymers

Stereoblock Fluorocopolymers

Synthesis of Electroluminescence Materials

Fluorinated Block Copolymers

Graft Copolymers

Nanoscale Clusters Via Microphase‐Separated Materials

Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers

ABATriblock Copolymers

Synthesis ofABCross‐Linked Materials

Conclusion
Acyclic Diene Metathesis (
ADMET
) Polymerization
Authors: Davidson Tammy A. , Wagener Kenneth B.
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Catalysts in Acyclic Diene Metathesis (
ADMET
) Chemistry

Classical Catalysts

Well‐Defined Catalyst Systems

The Key to
ADMET
Polymerization

The Step Polymerization Nature of
ADMET
Chemistry

Effects of
L
ewis Acid Cocatalysts

Synthesis of First High Molecular Weight
ADMET
Polymers

The
ADMET
Polymerization Mechanism

Hydrocarbons in
ADMET
Chemistry

Nonconjugated Dienes

Conjugated Dienes

Functional Groups in
ADMET
Chemistry

The Ether Functional Group

Functionality and the Negative Neighboring Group Effect

ADMET
Depolymerization

Conclusions
Transition Metal Catalyzed Olefin, Cycloolefin, and Styrene Polymerization
Authors: Okuda Jun , Mülhaupt Rolf
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

History and Trends

Polymerization Processes

Supported Catalysts and Morphology Control

Polymerization Mechanisms and Stereoselectivity

History and Principles of Metallocene Catalysis

Regio‐ and Stereoselective Polymerization of α‐Olefins

Polymerization of Cyclic Olefins, Cyclopolymerization, and Stereoselective Polymerization of Styrene

Late Transition Metal Catalysts

Transition Metal Catalyzed Copolymerization

Acknowledgements
Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Sawamoto Mitsuo , Kamigaito Masami
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Control of Free Radical Polymerization

Living or Controlled Radical Polymerization: General Principles

Living Radical Polymerization Involving Covalent Dormant Species

Carbon–Carbon Bonds

Carbon–Oxygen and Carbon–Sulfur Bonds

Carbon–Sulfur Bonds

CONBonds

Other Carbon–Chalcogen Bonds

Carbon–Halogen Bonds

Carbon–Iodine Bonds for Degenerative Transfer

Carbon–Halogen Bonds Activated with Transition Metal Complexes

Carbon–Metal Bonds

Other Controlled Systems

Concluding Remarks
Anionic Polymerization: Recent Advances
Authors: Jérôme Robert , Teyssié Philippe
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

General Aspects of Anionic Living Polymerization

Strategies

Group Transfer Polymerization

A Discussed Mechanism

A Remarkable Macromolecular Architecture

Metal‐Free Anionic Polymerization

Nucleophilic/Coordinative Polymerization

Organolanthanides (
III
)‐Initiated Polymerization

Metalloporphyrin‐Mediated Nucleophilic Polymerizations

“Ligated” Anionic Polymerization

Ion‐Pairs Complexation: Nature of Ligands

Effect of Ligands on Thermodynamics

Coordination Strength of σ‐Chelating Ligands

Steric Hindrance around the “Ligated” Ion‐Pairs

Effect of Ligands on Kinetics

Modification of the Association Equilibria

Modification of the Solvation Equilibria

A Golden Tool for Macromolecular Engineering

Conclusions
The Synthesis and Characterization of Dendritic Molecules
Authors: Janssen H. M. , Meijer E. W.
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Methodologies in Dendrimer Synthesis

Divergent Methods

Newkome's Arborols

Tomalia's Starburst Dendrimers

Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers

Convergent Methods

Fréchet's Polyether Dendrimers

Hydrocarbon Dendrimers

New Developments in the Chemistry of Dendritic Molecules

Conclusions
Application of a Modular Approach in Polymer Science: Synthesis of a Broad Variety of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Antonietti Markus , Förster Stephan , Oestreich Sascha
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Concepts

The Chemical Module

The Chemical System

Targets of Modular Chemistry

A “Plastic” Example: Amphiphilic Block Copolymers (ABCs), Their Micelles and Phases, and Material Hybrides Based onABCs

The (Modular) Synthesis ofABCsby Polymer‐Analogous Reactions

Micelles ofABCs

Solid State Properties and Liquid‐Crystalline Phases ofABCs

Fluorinated Block Copolymers for Hydrophobic Coatings and Membranes, and as Dispersion Stabilizers

Amphiphilic Block Copolymers that take up Metals and Semiconductors

Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgements
Optical Properties and Charge Transport
Authors: Ulbrich Rainer G.
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Optical Properties of Bulk Crystals

Band Structure and Electron‐Hole Pair Excitations

Dielectric Polarization and Response Function

Correlated Electron‐Hole Pairs: Excitons

Single‐Particle Versus Pair Excitations

Exciton‐Photon Coupling: Polaritons

Interband Absorption Spectra

Direct versus Indirect Transitions

Radiative Recombination Rate

Angular Dependence of Interband Transitions

Fundamental Gap Spectra at Low Excitation

Exciton Screening

Systems with Restricted Dimensionality

Electronic Confinement

Quantum Wells, ‐Wires and ‐Dots

Optics of Quantum Confined Systems

Microcavities and Photonic Band Gaps

Charge Transport and Scattering Processes

Momentum and Energy Relaxation of Carriers

Phonon Scattering

Carrier‐Carrier Scattering

Coherent Phenomena

Spin Effects

Quantum Transport

Nonlinear Optics and High Field Transport

Nonlinear Dielectric Response

Carrier Distributions Far from Equilibrium

Carrier Dynamics on Ultrashort Time Scales

Conclusion
Grain Boundaries in Semiconductors
Authors: Thibault Jany , Rouviere Jean‐Luc , Bourret Alain
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Grain Boundary Structure: Concepts and Tools

Grain Boundary Definitions

Geometrical Concepts

Dislocation Model

Primary Dislocation Network

Secondary Dislocation Network

Stress Field Associated with Grain Boundaries

Structural Unit Descriptions

Stick and Ball Structural Units

Energetic Structural Units

Algebraic Structural Units

Structural Units and Dislocations/Disclinations

The Limits of the Structural Unit Descriptions

Computer Simulation Techniques

Methods

Boundary Conditions

Interaction Laws

Experimental Techniques

Grain Boundary Structure: Experience and Simulation Results

Silicon and Germanium

Tilt Grain Boundaries

Twist Grain Boundaries

Diamond

SiC

GaAs

GaN

AlN

NiO

Comments on Grain Boundary Structures

Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries

Introduction

Electrical Effects Induced by Grain Boundaries

Electronic States Associated with a Grain Boundary

Potential Barrier and Transport Properties

Dynamic Properties and Recombination Properties

Experimental Methods for Measuring the Grain Boundary Electrical Activity

Methods Based on Transport

Transient Methods

Correlation Between Electrical Activity and Structure

Transport Experiments in Bicrystals

Transient Properties Measured on Bicrystals

Emission and Capture Properties of Silicon and Germanium Grain Boundaries

Polycrystalline Silicon

Intrinsic or Extrinsic Origin of Electrical Activity of Grain Boundaries

Impurity Segregation and Precipitation Induced by Grain Boundaries

Introduction

Dopant Elements

Oxygen and Sulfur

Transition Elements

Copper

Nickel

Iron

Conclusions

Mechanical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Semiconductors

Introduction

Interaction Between Dislocations and Grain Boundaries

Dislocation Absorption

Dislocation Transmission Across Grain Boundaries

Grain Boundaries as a Dislocation Source

Grain Boundary Dislocation Movement

Physical Consequences

Grain Boundary Migration

Recovery of the Grain Boundary Structure and Cavitation

Deformation Modelling

Conclusions
Fundamental Aspects of
Si
C
Authors: Choyke W. J. , Devaty Robert P.
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Polytypism

Crystallography

Inequivalent Sites

Some Properties of Simple Polytypes

Origin of Polytypism

Band Structure

The General Picture

The Conduction Band Edges

The Valence Band Edges

Phonons

Calculations of Phonon Dispersion Relations

Infrared Transmission and Reflection

Phonon Frequencies Measured by Low Temperature Photoluminescence (
LTPL
) and the

k

‐Space Locations of Conduction Band Minima

First and Second Order
R
aman Scattering

R
aman Scattering from Free Carriers

Intrinsic Excitons

Shallow Centers

Shallow Donors: Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Acceptors

Deep Centers

Transition Metals

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Molybdenum

Scandium

Manganese

Rare Earths: Erbium

Intrinsic Defects

Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (
DLTS
)

Electron Spin Resonance and Positron Annihilation

Low Temperature Photoluminescence

Transport Properties

Carrier Effective Masses

Mobilities and Mobility Anisotropy

Hall Scattering Factor

Time Resolved Measurements and Lifetimes

Acknowledgements
Selective Doping
Authors: Mahajan Subhash
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Diffusion

Atomic Diffusion Mechanisms

Interstitial Diffusion

Substitutional Diffusion

Phenomenological Description of Diffusion

Selective Doping by Diffusion

Dependence of Diffusion Coefficient on Temperature

Dependence of Diffusion Coefficient on Concentration

Interaction of Diffusants with Charged Defect

Diffusivities of
B
,
P
, and
As
in
Si

Diffusion of
Si
,
Zn
,
Be
, and
Cr
in
Ga
As

Diffusion‐Induced Dislocation Networks

Ion Implantation

Salient Features of Ion Implantation

Ion Channeling

Ion Implantation‐Induced Damage and its Annealing Behavior

Comparison between Diffusion and Ion Implantation for Selective Doping
Etching Processes in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Donohoe Kevin G. , Turner Terry R. , Jackson Kenneth A.
Published: February 2013

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Wet Etching

Dry Etching

Etch Control and Metrology

Equipment: Description of Hardware

Wet Sinks

Dry Processing

Etch Hardware

Barrel Etchers

Plasma Etchers

Reactive Ion Etchers

Remote Plasma Generation: Microwave andECR

Endpoint, Diagnostic and Control Techniques

Endpoint Monitors

Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES)

Laser Interferometry

Residual Gas Analysis/Mass Spectroscopy

RFand Bias Voltage

Diagnostic Tools/Metrology for Process Control

Machine Related Metrology

Process Related Measurements

Control Techniques

Present Control Strategy

What is Needed?

Possible Solutions

Process Discussion: General Considerations

Isolation

Gate Definition

Silicides

Contact Etching

Planarization Etch Steps

Via Etching

Metal Etching

Etch Processing for 4 MbDRAM

Wafer Preparation

6.5.2 N‐Well

P‐Well Field Implant

Iso Mask

Connector Mask

Trench Capacitor

Inter‐Polysilicon Oxide Mask

Gate Mask

LDDSpacer Etch

Contact Etch

Poly 3 Polycide Etch

Contact Mask 2

Metal 1 Mask

Pad Mask/Polyimide Mask