bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education Policy
Authors: Gorard Stephen
Published: May 2019

What has been done to achieve fairer and more efficient education systems, and what more can be done in the future? This book provides a comprehensive examination of crucial policy areas for education, such as differential outcomes, the poverty gradient, and the allocation of resources to education, to identify likely causes of educational disadvantage among students and lifelong learners. This analysis is supported by 20 years of extensive research, based in the home countries of the UK and on work in all EU 28 countries, USA, Pakistan, and Japan. The book brings invaluable insights into the underlying problems within education policy, and proposes practical solutions for a brighter future.
Introduction: themes of the book
Authors: Gorard Stephen
Published: May 2019

This chapter illustrates the difficulties of public policy-making in education. Within this sector, policy-making is evidence-informed, meaning that policy-makers and their advisers come up with ideas for changes in policy, which may or may not be based on solid research evidence. Some of these ideas are implemented and can be evaluated in terms of their policy objectives. Policy-makers and their advisers then react to this newer evidence, and the improving cycle of policy continues. The chapter argues that, in reality, the cycle is nothing like this. In education, new policies and interventions are rarely based on good prior evidence of effectiveness and of their side effects. Many policy areas are evidence-resistant, in fact. Evidence-resistant here means that the policies are proposed and implemented, even though the clear weight of evidence is against them.
Definition of public action resources1
Authors: Knoepfel Peter
Published: May 2019

This chapter returns to and explores the resource model in detail. It defines ten public action resources: Force, Law, Personnel, Money, Property, Information, Organization, Consensus, Time, Political Support. It also introduces a new resource-related definition of public action resources (based on the so-called institutional regimes for natural, manufactured, social and human resources as defined by the World Bank) and developed by the author and his colleagues. Finally, it also presents a new definition of the multiple functions of law (covering both institutions and specific public action resources).
Force
Authors: Knoepfel Peter
Published: May 2019

This first chapter (out of ten dedicated to each of the ten public action resources) deals with the resource Force. It specifies, inter alia, new forms of this resource (nudging, cybercrime), describes penal regulations of the use of Force, and clarifies the relation between Force and Property. As in the following nine chapters, the examples provided are structured around the mobilization and availability of the resource, the mobilization of the resource by stage (program formulation and implementation), and the exchange of the resource Force for other resources (e.g. Law, Money and Information). Again, as in the other nine chapters, these sections are subdivided into paragraphs dedicated to the three actor groups (political-administrative actors, target groups and beneficiaries). The examples presented are drawn from penal law prosecutions (especially ‘legitimate defence’) and infrastructure policies.
Property
Authors: Knoepfel Peter
Published: May 2019

The application of the resource-oriented approach used in this book confirms the prominent role of the resource Property in the resource portfolios of each of the three policy actors. Property consists of the ownership of property and use rights to material and immaterial (natural, manufactured, social and/or human) resources and the various bundles of goods and/or services they provide to the owner. One of the prominent services of such resources involves their role as policy resource (abstract use of such resources as opposed to concrete uses). The most prominent material resource is the ownership of (strategic) land, which enables both public and private actors to play a predominant role in policy formulation and, especially, implementation processes. The chapter illustrates the mobilization and use modes of the resource Property in the areas of spatial planning, institutional policies (creation of a Swiss canton) , public accounting and state infrastructural policies (land acquisition policies for communal land use policy). It stresses the role of legal appeals by target groups or beneficiary organizations and the privileged position occupied landowners in the planning and implementation of large urban projects.
Consensus
Authors: Knoepfel Peter
Published: May 2019

This chapter deals with one of the most vulnerable policy resources referred to as Consensus and involving the existence or absence of mutual trust between the three key public policy actors based on the belief of each that the policy is necessary and its implementation credible (secondary legitimation of the policy). Hence, consensus is a basic condition for the existence of a community of actors for every public policy. During periods of mutual distrust, actors have a common interest in saving the policy by means of various trust-building measures. This chapter draws examples from (institutional) mediation processes, environmental policy, family policy and various policy monitoring systems. It presents processes involving a breakdown in consensus and ways in which it can be rebuilt.
Social Class and Domesticity
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter traces the patterns of domesticity in the present sample of housewives. These findings are tied in with assertions about social class differences in domesticity which abound in much of the literature dealing with women's place in the family. As the study indicates, there is no social class difference in the frequency with which housewives are satisfied or dissatisfied with their work. The predominant feeling is one of dissatisfaction — twenty-eight of the forty women come out as dissatisfied. If education is taken instead of social class, there is still no difference between groups of women: equal proportions of those educated to sixteen and beyond are satisfied and dissatisfied with housework.
Socialization and Self-Concept
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the connection between the socialization of women and their later performance of the housewife role. Many of the women made it clear in the interviews that their concern is not simply to get housework done in the most efficient way and the shortest possible time. Instead, they are bound up in the replication of previously set standards and routines which may actually frustrate the straightforward goal of simply getting housework done. To the extent that these ways of behaving are inherited from the mother, it can be hypothesized that they are not directly taught from mother to daughter: rather they are indirectly and unconsciously assimilated. The ‘nurturant’ child-caring relationship that exists between housewives and housewives-to-be serves to make this assimilation more likely than not. Subsequently, the learning lesson of domesticity sets up what is essentially a relationship between self (feminine) and role (housewife).
The gift
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks at the nature of the gift of blood. The gift of blood has certain unique attributes which distinguish it from other forms of gift. The gift of blood takes place in impersonal situations, sometimes with physically hurtful consequences to the donor. Moreover, the recipient is in almost all cases not personally known to the donor; there can, therefore, be no personal expressions of gratitude or of other sentiments. If the principle of anonymity were generally abandoned, the consequences could be disastrous for givers and receivers as well as for all blood transfusion services. The chapter then presents a classification of the different types of blood donors: the paid donor; the professional donor; the pain-induced voluntary donor; the responsibility fee donor; the family credit donor; the captive voluntary donor; the fringe benefit voluntary donor; and the voluntary community donor.
Compromised Choices
Authors: Young Zoe
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the compromise that has come to characterise the experience of combining careers and motherhood. For eight women in this study, compromise defined their part-time and flexible work transition in marked ways. They are highly aware of the constraints that stymie their personal goals. One woman recounts her experience of negotiating access to flexibility in her paid work arrangements with a line manager who was unsupportive. Another explains her success and failures negotiating with her husband to share her domestic workload. Compromised choice intention narratives reflect working-pattern choices that are structured by external circumstances and are made in situations that are not as open or free as they could be in terms of facilitating women's achievement of their ideal ways to combine work with family life.
Making Waves Behind Bars
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

Radio produced and broadcast behind prison walls is redefining traditional meanings of ‘public service broadcasting’ and disrupting traditional power structures within the prison system. Focusing on one of the most interesting developments in UK prisons over the past ten years, this book examines the early history of the Prison Radio Association (PRA) and the formation of the first national radio station for prisoners. Highlighting the enduring importance of social values in broadcasting, this book shows how radio can be used as a powerful force for social change. It will be of interest to those involved in media, criminal justice, and social activism.
‘Making a Difference’: Social Action and Enterprise
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This chapter explains how the Prison Radio Association (PRA) story is driven by the people who instigated and developed the activity. When asked to reflect on what drew them to the idea of prison radio, PRA participants all talk of the potential to change the lives of prisoners, and of a continued commitment to ‘making a difference’. The chapter focuses on the motivations, characteristics, and actions of those involved in the process. It also presents prison radio growth as a product of a wider political and cultural context that has redefined volunteerism, social activism, and cultural production in terms of enterprise and entrepreneurship, in order to support the restoration of social welfare and growth of the knowledge-based economy.
Reinterpreting social harm
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This chapter states the case for a social harm perspective. Initially, the chapter outlines the emergence of social harm as an extension of criminological investigation through the suggestion that entirely legal processes and actions can engender harmful consequences. The strengths and limitations of harm perspectives are outlined before contemplating the question harm from what? This evidences Pemberton’s ‘human needs’, Yar’s ‘search for recognition’, and deviant leisure’s ‘ethical responsibility for the other’. Following this, an ultra-realist interpretation of society is proffered. Synthesising ultra-realism with social harm perspectives extends the social harm perspective by recognising the systemic violence of capitalism and neoliberalism, the negative motivation to harm, is complemented by the positive motivation to harm and the transcendental materialist subject. This emphasis on motivation delineates intentional and unintentional action and links the subject (micro) with organisational culture (meso) and political-economic ideology (macro). Finally, the crucial role of causative absence is outlined; negativity or absence has as much causal power as a positive or presence; both intentional and unintentional harms stem from problematic absences at a structural, cultural and interpersonal level.
Absence of protection
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the absence of protection for employees within the service economy. Some employees are exploited by employers who extract ‘free’ work through practices such as underpayment of the minimum wage, cash-in-hand work, and work ‘trials’ paid at exploitatively low day rates. The labour market instability highlighted previously further impacts upon employees made redundant as some operators struggle to recover from the economic downturn. Employees are paid meagre redundancies and thrown back into the large pool of surplus labour. Others heed the call for self-employment and freedom or flexibility but this is often precarious and problematic. The final section of the chapter considers the impact of labour market conditions upon mental health and well-being and ultimately demonstrates the negative impact upon some employees who require medical solutions to structural problems.
Direct Support Professionals' Perspectives on Ambulatory Health Care Processes and Quality
Authors: Tyler Carl V. , Wells Michael D. ,   Developmental Disabilities–Practice-Based Research Network
Published: May 2019

Direct support professionals (DSPs) frequently accompany persons with intellectual and other developmental disabilities (IDD) to their health care appointments and could offer valuable insights into potential target areas for health-care improvement. DSPs completed surveys assessing healthcare processes and quality immediately following 118 ambulatory health care encounters involving their patients with IDD. Although DSPs generally judged the quality of health care as good (44%) or excellent (52%), they also observed that physicians directed questions to the DSP that the patient could have answered in 22% of encounters, and noted that physicians failed to ask critical psychosocial information in 24% of encounters. Competency-based training of DSPs around health-care advocacy could significantly improve the quality of health care provided to persons with IDD.
Exploring the Valley of Savings: Minimizing Part D Costs and Optimizing Drug Therapy Outcomes in Medicare Beneficiaries With Developmental Disability
Authors: Rogan Edward L. , Ranson Carly A. , Mori Traci K. , Park Salley K. , Lam Howard M. , Legaspi Jamie F. , Tran Lan Kim , Cameros Christine Julie M. , Blackburn Amy Natsuki , Lee Sandra T. , Valle-Oseguera Cynthia S. , Pham Christopher N. , Woelfel Joseph A. , Patel Rajul A.
Published: May 2019

Nonelderly disabled Medicare beneficiaries have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions, higher utilization of prescription medications, and increased demand for clinical services when compared to beneficiaries 65 years of age and older who are not disabled. Out-of-pocket costs and medication-related problems are major barriers to medication compliance and achievement of therapeutic goals. A school of pharmacy partnered with a nonprofit organization that provides care to individuals with developmental disabilities. The present study highlights outcomes resulting from (a) providing Medicare Part D plan optimization services to lower prescription drug costs and (b) Medication Therapy Management services to evaluate safe and effective medication use in this beneficiary population. Provided interventions were shown to reduce overall medication costs and identify significant medication-related problems.
Tough women of the apocalypse: Gender performativity in AMC’s The Walking Dead
Authors: Bennett Brooke
Published: May 2019

AMC’s The Walking Dead has gained immense popularity and has brought a great amount of scholarship on the show’s gender politics. In contributing to this discussion, I argue that characters Michonne and Carol function to critique gender performativity and compulsory heterosexuality during the fifth season. Specifically, I contextualize these women with discussion of female action heroines, masculinization, and hypersexualization seen in similar types of characters in popular culture. Overall, Carol knowingly parodies gender via her housewife persona, thus destabilizing heteronormativity, while Michonne critiques the white male leadership of the Governor and Rick that is commonly enacted through acts of violence.
La vicepresidencia en América Latina: un mal innecesario
Authors: Sribman Mittelman Ariel
Published: May 2019

La mayor parte de países latinoamericanos cuentan en su diseño institucional con la figura del vicepresidente para abordar la sucesión del presidente en caso de fallecimiento, enfermedad, renuncia o inhabilitación. Si bien esta función sucesoria, y la figura vicepresidencial por extensión, se conciben como garantes de estabilidad y continuidad, un repaso de la historia política reciente de América Latina muestra que en la práctica el resultado es muy distinto. Los vicepresidentes latinoamericanos han sido con notable frecuencia fuente de conflicto político e inestabilidad para el Poder Ejecutivo al que pertenecen. Este artículo hace una recapitulación de tales situaciones críticas, enfrenta el modelo latinoamericano de vicepresidencia a otros métodos sucesorios y concluye la conveniencia de reemplazar la vicepresidencia rígida (la más habitual en la región) por una figura sucesoria distinta.
Ministros y afiliación partidaria. Propuesta metodológica aplicada al caso argentino
Authors: Camerlo Marcelo , Coutinho María Eugenia
Published: May 2019

La afiliación partidaria de los ministros es una dimensión analítica clave en el estudio de los gabinetes de gobierno. Aquí sostenemos que el criterio operacional más difundido para tratar el fenómeno, válido para gran parte de las democracias parlamentarias consolidadas, puede resultar ineficiente o inadecuado para sistemas con jefes de gobierno fuertes y agrupaciones políticas fluidas como los regímenes presidencialistas latinoamericanos. El artículo identifica cuatro desafíos operativos asociados a la modalidad estándar de codificar ministros partidistas; propone una estrategia metodológica para dar cuenta de los mismos, y discute su aplicación práctica con un análisis exploratorio del caso argentino.
Bromatological characteristics of the cowpea in the resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Pallaoro Dryelle Sifuentes , Oliveira Glauce Portela de , Faria Dayana Aparecida de , Camili Elisangela Clarete , Caneppele Maria Aparecida Braga
Published: May 2019

This work aimed to relate the bromatological characteristics of four cowpea cultivars to the preference and development of Callosobruchus maculatus. For this, oviposition preference, choice and no-choice tests were performed in four cowpea genotypes: Bico de Ouro, BRS Novaera, BRS Guariba and BRS Tumucumaque. In the no-choice test were determined: viability of eggs, duration of the immature stage, biological cycle, viability of the immature stage, population growth rate, weight per insect, biomass consumption and consumption per insect. As to the chemical composition, the seeds were characterized concerning the crude protein content, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and organic matter. In the evaluation, there were significant differences within the genotypes, except for the viability of eggs and consumption per insect. The BRS Novaera genotype presented antixenosis resistance to C. maculatus, whereas the Bico de Ouro, BRS Guariba and BRS Tumucumaque genotypes revealed to be susceptible. The chemical composition of the seeds affects the development of C. maculatus, and the crude protein and ash contents of the seeds without integument present a positive influence over the insect development.
Mapping of the current land use in part of the Irrigated Perimeter Nilo Coelho, Petrolina-PE, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Ricardo Rivelino Dantas , Melo Júnior Júlio César Ferreira de
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to quantify and spatialize the agricultural composition and current land use in part of the Irrigation perimeter Nilo Coelho from the Landsat 8 satellite digital image classification. At first we performed the unsupervised classification image related to January 2014, identifying the separability within natural vegetation, water bodies, agricultural crops and anthropized areas. Then the supervised classification Maxver model was performed where it was observed that the fruit classes “Grape” (5.41%) “Acerola” (3.75%), “Coconut” (6.14%) “Guava” (6.17%), “Banana” (2.29%) and “Mango” (8.18%) showed dominance in the study area. These classes stood out in terms of yield in the area, pointing out that in that expansion which occurs in an area with agricultural crops in the irrigated Nilo Coelho, crops of mango, coco, guava, acerola, banana and grape also grow. In addition, we observed the emergence of new areas with passion fruit crops, melon, watermelon, corn, beans, onions, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, among other crops. Furthermore, we also found the occurrence of pastures containing buffel and elephant grasses, intercropping or not. The estimated overall accuracy was 80.52%, and the mapping defined as very good, with Kappa index equal to 0.7783.
Cooling ventilation at farrowing for sows from first to third parturition
Authors: Watanabe Pedro Henrique , Azevedo Tatianne Alexandre , Silva Margarita Augusto do Nascimento , Oliveira Nathalia Martins , Gomes Thalles Ribeiro , Andrade Tiago Silva , Barbosa Filho José Antônio Delfino
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort considering natural and cooling ventilation on the performance, physiological parameters and thermal comfort indices for sows from first to third parturition. A total of 30 sows from commercial lineage (genetic base Landrace x Large White) initially weighing 252.3±5.7, 280.8±9.5 and 324.5±4.8 kg at first, second and third parturition, respectively, were distributed in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, considering the three parturition orders and the two ventilation methods, with five replicas per treatment. The effect of ventilation methods and times of the day on relative humidity, radiant thermal load, temperature and humidity index and black globe humidity index. There was an interaction among ventilation methods and parturition order for sow weight at weaning and daily feed intake. Regarding the females physiological parameters, with the exception of rectal temperature, there was an interaction between ventilation methods and times of the day. The thermal conditioning using cooling ventilation provides better values for thermal comfort indexes of the sows and promotes an increase in feed intake, mainly in gilts.
Plot size related to numbers of treatments, repetitions, and the experimental precision in flax
Authors: Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Neu Ismael Mario Márcio , Santos Gustavo Oliveira dos , Facco Giovani , Wartha Cleiton Antonio , Kleinpaul Jéssica Andiara
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was determining the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter of aerial part in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), in scenarios formed by combinations of numbers of treatments, number of repetitions, and precision levels. The fresh matter of aerial part was weighed on 144 basic experimental units of 1.00 m × 1.00 m in uniformity trial with size of 12 m × 12 m (144 m2). It was estimated the soil heterogeneity index of Smith (1938). Also, the optimum plot size was determined by the Hatheway’s method (1961) in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 5, 10, 15, and 20), r repetitions (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8, 9, and 10), and d precision levels (d = 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, and 40%). In experiments planned on randomized block design, with 5 to 20 treatments and four repetitions, plots with 7 m2 are sufficient to identify significant differences between treatments regarding fresh matter of aerial part in flax, at 5% probability, of 34% of the experiment overall mean.
Fitness of Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis biotypes susceptible and resistant to imazapyr + imazapic herbicide
Authors: Bonow Joice Fernanda Lübke , Lamego Fabiane Pinto , Andres André , Nogueira Eduardo
Published: May 2019

The continuous use of herbicides with the same mechanism of action has caused the selection of resistant weed biotype that may present differences in fitness when compared with susceptible biotype. The objective of the present study was to identify and distinguish the fitness of barnyardgrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to imazapyr + imazapic herbicide under controlled and noncompetitive conditions. For that, there were used barnyardgrass biotype susceptible (ECH1 and ECH38) and resistant (ECH14 and ECH44) to ALS inhibitors, collected at Pelotas/RS and Rio Grande/RS cities, respectively, in experiment installed in a greenhouse in a completely randomized experimental design during the months from October to December 2015. The biotype were evaluated during the period of 15 to 120 days after the emergence related to plant height, foliar area, shoot dry matter mass and root dry matter mass. The results showed insignificant differences between the biotypes during the development of the plants. The susceptible biotype ECH44 showed a higher number of panicles per plant and seeds along with the resistant ECH1. There is variability among Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis biotypes resistant and susceptible to ALS inhibitors, indicating an absence in fitness penalty caused by resistance when cultivated without the selection of pressure (herbicide).
Image analysis and health of Moringa oleifera seeds
Authors: Vasconcelos Michelle Conceição , Costa Joel Conceição , Silva-Mann Renata , Oliveira Andréa Dos Santos , Bárbara Claudio Das Neves Vieira , Carvalho Maria Laene Moreira de
Published: May 2019

Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa) is a tree species with the potential for use in biofuel production. However, knowledge regarding the morphology and physiology of its seeds is needed to establish field production. The goals of the present study were to investigate the internal morphology of seeds by X-ray and to identify the fungal microorganisms present in the seeds. Two hundred seeds from two trees were analyzed. The morphological characterization of the seeds was performed using an X-ray chamber with an X-ray source operated at 22 kV for 14.8 s. The fungi were identified using the blotter test. The seeds were characterized as (a) full and well formed, (b) with internal space and poorly formed and (c) stained or damaged. The malformed seeds with an internal space showed the highest incidence (55%). The results indicated that X-ray tests are valid for the internal characterization of moringa seed morphology. The fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Phomopsis sp. occurred in moringa seeds.
PENGARUSUTAMAAN GENDER DALAM PROGRAM GERBANG HEBAT SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Esariti Landung , Haulah Lillah , Sunarti S
Published: May 2019

The purpose of gender mainstreaming is to ensure that access, participation, benefits and control by men and women at the individual and household levels are well accommodated. As one of the national development principles, gender must be integrated in sectoral development including efforts to reduce poverty at the City / District level. This trigger the need to research on whether the Gerbang Hebat program initiated since April 2016 has succeeded in implementing gender-based program planning. Based on the results of the quantitative approach in structured interviews with 16 respondents representing 12 government agencies in Semarang City, the following findings were obtained. There is a merit in the context of comparisons between the purpose of the Gerbang Hebat with gender mainstreaming objective. A deeper examination of the suitability of the Gerbang Hebat as a poverty reduction strategy found a less insufficiency. Although in principle, the implementation of the Gerbang Hebat has included key variables, namely (a) opportunity provision, (b) capacity building, (c) security and (d) community empowerment. However, there is a need to strengthen understanding of the gender context at the program planner level. Specifically, program planners should be more sensitive to varying programs to provide opportunities for better quality of life improvement activities, as the final objective of all poverty alleviation programs.
ADAPTIVE SPACE OF JAVANESE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN BRAYUT TOURISM VILLAGE YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Vitasurya Vincentia Reni , Hardiman Gagoek , Sari Suzanna Ratih
Published: May 2019

Traditional Javanese architecture, especially in rural areas, has undergone a major transformation. Transformation is owner’s response to various conditions, such as the increasing number of family members, the improvement of social status and economic conditions, the needs of modernization and the consequences of being involved in government’s programs.  This paper aim is to examine how the owners of traditional houses respond to nowadays changes reflected through their houses designs. Brayut tourism village is a traditional settlement located at Yogyakarta’s downtown area which is well known for its unique and well-preserved traditional Javanese houses. The transformation of traditional houses in Brayut is a combination of the need for change and persistence. On the one side, strong local traditions play a role in maintaining the elements of traditional houses and on the other side, dynamic modern needs play a role as a trigger for change. Adaptive space in the traditional house is a solution to this problem. The method used in this research is a case study on some Javanese traditional houses. An in-depth interview with the owners and mapping are also used to examine the chronology of traditional houses transformation.  Transformation aspects are defined on the affected physical architecture elements. The result of this study is the transformation occurs on function and meaning of space as an adaptive response from the owners. While the shape of space and buildings, generally preserved as an effort to maintain the bond of traditions and trust.
ARAHAN PEMENUHAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Fadhila Cut Hashfi , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Munibah Khursatul
Published: May 2019

The earthquake that occurred in Banda Aceh on December 26, 2004, followed by the tsunami along the coastline of the Indian Ocean caused a huge number of casualties and infrastructure destruction including green open space. This article presents the change of Banda Aceh green open space before and after the tsunami, the requirement of Banda Aceh green open space based on vast territory and population, and the development direction of Banda Aceh green open space. The applied method was image interpretation, and classification, analysis of green open space requirement was calculated based on vast territory in accordance with Act No. 26/2007, based on population with green open space requirement standard per capita as in PERMENPU No. 5/PRT/M/2008. Green City Development Program (P2KH) concept which was applied to arrange the development direction of Banda Aceh green open space, and integrated with the land use plan in RTRW of Banda Aceh. The result of green open space wide before and after tsunami analysis showed that even before the tsunami, Banda Aceh green open space still far from sufficient as required of spatial planning constitution (13,92 % of the city area). Right after the tsunami, Banda Aceh green open space was reduced to only remaining about 9,31 % of the city area. Five years later (2010) Banda Aceh green open space was increased to 12,83 % of the city area, and by the year of 2015 Banda Aceh has green open space about 37,51 % of the city area. The requirement of Banda Aceh green open space based on the vast territory is 1.227,18 ha public green open space, and 613,59 ha private green open space, based on total population predicted by 2029 is 687,89 ha. The development direction of Banda Aceh green open space is intensification by increasing the quality of existing green open space and extensification by the acquisition of private land for green open space.
ARAHAN PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI KARET DALAM PENINGKATAN EKONOMI WILAYAH DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU, PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Selfia Yeni , Rustiadi Ernan , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: May 2019

Abstract: High production of rubber plants in Rokan Hulu district has not significantly contributed yet to increasing the welfare of rubber farmers. This is due to a lack of rubber processing industry, leading to rubber being sold in the form of primary product (fresh sap). Therefore, developing an agro-rubber industry is of capital importance. The purposes of the present study were (1) analyze the marketing margin of rubber gum at each marketing level in Rokan Hulu district; (2) analyze the role of rubber agro-industries in the economics of Kampar and Rokan Hulu regions; (3) develop rubber agro-industry to improve the economics of Rokan Hulu district. The methods used in the present research included analysis of marketing margins, input and output analyses, and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results showed that both crumb and smoked rubbers sectors play strategic roles in developing other sectors in Kampar district (DFL, IFL> 1). In addition, it was also observed that the rubber sector tended to use the output of other sectors as production inputs (DBL, IBL> 1). Both crumb and smoked rubbers sectors had great abilities to influence not only the regional output multiplier (multiplier output), but also the income multiplier (income multiplier) (I > 1). However, the ability of the NTB multiplier (multiplier NTB) to improve the sectors was very low (NBT <1). This showed that rubber industry has better development opportunities in Rokan Hulu. The type of rubber processing industry to be developed in Rokan Hulu depends on the perceptions of stakeholders. For instance, a rubber industry that can produce products such as rubber crumb, sheet, Sir 10, and Sir 20. Initial attempts by local government in developing the rubber industry is the increase of qualified, skilled, and reliable human resources to insure optimal functioning of the rubber agro-industry.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI WILAYAH DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Rifin Amzul , Juanda Bambang
Published: May 2019

Infrastructure development is an important aspect of economic growth. Good infrastructure development will ensure efficiency, facilitate the movement of goods and services, and increasing the added value of the economy, as well as factors driving the productivity of the area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of inequality between regions and analyze the effect of infrastructure availability on regional inequality in Aceh Province. The analysis method used is Williamson Index and Panel Data. The results showed that the significant variables can affect the imbalance of economic development of the region in Aceh province is the variable of electricity that has an effect of -0.012594 and the influential educational variables of -0.060347. Variables that have no significant effect is the road effect of -0.009463 and health variables affecting 0.046067.
A Picone identity for variable exponent operators and applications
Authors: Arora Rakesh , Giacomoni Jacques , Warnault Guillaume
Published: May 2019

In this work, we establish a new Picone identity for anisotropic quasilinear operators, such as the p(x)-Laplacian defined as div(|∇ u|
p(x)−2 ∇ u). Our extension provides a new version of the Diaz-Saa inequality and new uniqueness results to some quasilinear elliptic equations with variable exponents. This new Picone identity can be also used to prove some accretivity property to a class of fast diffusion equations involving variable exponents. Using this, we prove for this class of parabolic equations a new weak comparison principle.
Overexpression of RASAL1 indicates poor prognosis and promotes invasion of ovarian cancer
Authors: Chang Rui-Xia , Cui Ai-Ling , Dong Lu , Guan Su-Ping , Jiang Ling-Yan , Miao Cong-Xiu
Published: May 2019

RAS protein activator like-1 (RASAL1) exists in numerous human tissues and has been commonly demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. This study aimed to identify the functional characteristics of RASAL1 in ovarian adenocarcinoma and a potential mechanism of action. We analyzed RASAL1 gene expression in ovarian adenocarcinoma samples and normal samples gained from the GEO and Oncomine databases respectively. Then the relationship between RASAL1 expression and overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, the biological effect of RASAL1 in ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines was assessed by Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), western blot, wound healing and transwell assay. The statistical analysis showed patients with higher RASAL1 expression correlated with worse OS. The in vitro assays suggested knockdown of RASAL1 could inhibit cell proliferation, cell invasion and migration of ovarian adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the key proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signaling pathway were also decreased in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells with RASAL1 silencing. These findings provide promising evidence that RASAL1 may be not only a powerful biomarker but also an effective therapeutic target of ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Effect of Thermal Processing on Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Waste Potato Juice
Authors: Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Olejnik Anna , Białas Wojciech , Kubiak Piotr , Siger Aleksander , Nowicki Marcin , Lewandowicz Grażyna
Published: May 2019

Potato juice (PJ), commonly considered a burdensome waste, is rich in various compounds with bioactive properties. It has long been considered a remedy for gastric problems in traditional folk medicine. If valorization of PJ through implementation in the production of functional foods is to be considered, stabilization methods must be developed to allow long-term storage of this seasonal product. It is important that such methods are chosen with regard to their effect on the bioactive value of the obtained product. In this study, the impact of four stabilization methods on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of PJ was investigated. Elevated temperatures were used in thermal deproteinization used to obtain DPJW (deproteinated potato juice water) and spray-drying of FPJ (fresh potato juice) that resulted in SDPJ. Freeze drying and cryoconcentration were the low temperature processing methods that yielded PJL (potato juice lyophilisate) and CPJ (cryocorncentrated potato juice), respectively. All processed materials were characterized chemically and compared with raw materials in terms of phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity to human tumor cells isolated from the gastric mucosa (Hs476T cell line), colon (Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines), and normal cells isolated from the small intestine and colon epithelium (IEC-6 and NCM460 cell lines). It was stated that high-temperature processes – thermal deproteinization and spray-drying – yielded products with increased antioxidant potential (TEAC) that also showed increased cytotoxic activity towards intestinal cancer cells. At the same time the cytotoxicity towards normal cells remained on par with that of fresh PJ (IEC-6 cells) or decreased (NCM460 cells). Thermal deproteinization significantly decreased the content of glycoalcaloids in the juice, while spray drying did not have such an effect. The two low-temperature processes investigated – cryoconcentration and freeze drying – did not affect the PJ cytotoxic activity towards any of the cell lines used in the tests, whereas they did affect the antioxidant properties and glycoalcaloids content of PJ.
Utility of procalcitonin for differentiating cryptogenic organising pneumonia from community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ito Akihiro , Ishida Tadashi , Tachibana Hiromasa , Arita Machiko , Yamazaki Akio , Washio Yasuyoshi
Published: May 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of inflammatory biomarkers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) for differentiating cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP) from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods

COP patients hospitalised in Kurashiki Central Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017 whose WBC counts and CRP and PCT levels were measured were investigated retrospectively, and their results were compared with those of hospitalised CAP patients who were prospectively enrolled between October 2010 and November 2017. Definite COP was defined by specific histopathological findings, and possible COP was defined as a consolidation shadow on chest computed tomography and lymphocyte dominance in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of specific histopathological findings or lung specimens. The discriminatory abilities of WBC counts, CRP and PCT were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

There were 56 patients in the entire COP group, 35 (61.4%) with definite COP, and 914 CAP patients. All three biomarkers were significantly lower in COP than in CAP. The AUC value of PCT in all COP patients was 0.79, significantly higher than of both CRP (AUC 0.59, p < 0.001) and WBC (AUC 0.69, p = 0.048). In definite COP patients, the AUC value of PCT was 0.79, which was also significantly higher than of both WBC (AUC 0.64, p = 0.006) and CRP (AUC 0.64, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

PCT is a more useful biomarker for differentiating COP from CAP than WBC count or CRP. However, PCT should be used as an adjunct to clinical presentation and radiological findings.
Agonistic Belonging: The Banality of Good, the “Alt Right” and the Need for Sympathy
Authors: Gilroy Paul
Published: May 2019

This paper considers aspects of the rise of neo-fascist political sentiment across Europe. It suggests that an appropriate political response to those developments must involve a reconsideration of the politics of sympathy which is seen as essential in the formation of solidarity.
Concerning “the Eurocentric African Problem” (Meschac Gaba)
Authors: Twitchin Mischa
Published: May 2019

Even as it is often eclipsed by reference to the “contemporary,” modernity is widely celebrated in European museums and galleries. When refracted through the commitments of an avowedly Black artistic agenda, how might these institutions reconceive their understanding of modernism in light of African, diasporic, or Afropean perspectives? How might concerns with African agency be enacted in these cultural spaces as they project historical narratives and produce a “public” memory in their own image? What are the implications of the fact that critical resistance to modes of cultural appropriation may, nonetheless, reproduce a discourse that attempts to immunise itself from the association of modernism with colonialism? In the formation of modernist canons, what role might an example of African conceptual art have to play, even when consigned to a museum’s storage space? This paper explores such questions through the paradoxes engaged by Mechac Gaba’s reflections on his 1997-2002 project, “Museum for Contemporary African Art,” now owned by Tate Modern. In particular, it considers the dichotomy between “modern” and “traditional” as this has been constitutive of twentieth-century art history, informing a sense of the African presence within European museums. How might reference to the “contemporary” here relate to the potentials of decolonial cultural politics within such spaces?
Engaging Black European Spaces and Postcolonial Dialogues through Public Art: Yinka Shonibare’s Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle
Authors: Shirey Heather
Published: May 2019

Yinka Shonibare’s Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle, installed on the Fourth Plinth of London’s Trafalgar Square from May 24, 2010, to January 30, 2012, temporarily transformed a space dominated by the 19th-century monumental sculpture of Lord Horatio Nelson, Britain’s most famous naval hero. When installed in Trafalgar Square, Shonibare’s model ship in a bottle, with its sails made of factory-printed textiles associated with West African and African-European identities, contrasted dramatically with the bronze and stone that otherwise demarcate traditional sculpture. Shonibare’s sculpture served to activate public space by way of its references to global identities and African diasporic culture. Shonibare’s Nelson’s Ship, this paper argues, inserted a black diasporic perspective into Trafalgar Square, offering a conspicuous challenge to the normative power that defines social and political space in Great Britain. The installation in Trafalgar Square was only temporary, however, and the work was later moved to the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, where it is on permanent display. This paper provides an investigation of the deeper historical references Shonibare made to the emergence of transnational identities in the 19th century and the continued negotiation of these identities today by considering the installation of Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle in relation to both sites.
Music at the Black Baltic Sea
Authors: Kärjä Antti-Ville
Published: May 2019

Music is intimately implicated in racialising discourses. This is particularly pronounced in the case of so-called black music, i.e. the types of music that are commonly associated with African-American identity, most notably jazz and various forms of popular music. Genres of popular music are furthermore constructed continuously on the basis of a notion of their “black roots.” The idea of the “black roots” of jazz and popular music is an essential ingredient of Paul Gilroy’s (1993) analysis of a specific authenticity of blackness. To stress the history and consequences of the pre-twentieth century slave trade and institutionalised racism, Gilroy has coined the concept “Black Atlantic” that builds on the idea of a distinct double consciousness inherent in blackness as simultaneously a fundamental constituent and the ultimate other of the West. In the article, I aim at rethinking the notion of the Black Atlantic in relation to North-Eastern Europe. By way of marine analogy I ask, and building on the notions of the Black Pacific and the Black Mediterranean, how to formulate an analytical design “the Black Baltic Sea.” In addition to addressing the impact of global racialising tendencies in music, this entails considering the cultural dynamics at issue in relation to the dynamics of postsocialism in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) and Northern European indigeneity. On the basis of such a consideration, I argue that the styles of “black music” have been appropriated and adopted throughout the BSR, albeit in clearly different national manifestations which for their part imply variegated intersections between postcolonial and postsocialist processes. These intersections become manifest in the discourses over “new Europeanness” in music and the construction of national musical traditions, particularly when juxtaposed with the prevailing Islamophobia as regards treatments of Muslim music in mainstream media.
The Black Archives: Exploring the Politics of Black Dutch Radicals
Authors: Esajas Mitchell , de Abreu Jessica
Published: May 2019

In this article, the authors introduce “The Black Archives”—an alternative archive consisting of more than 8,000 books, official documents and artefacts. The archive is a critical intervention, challenging dominant historical narratives, which tend to downplay histories of colonialism, slavery and their legacy. The authors explore how archival research and art can be used to make visible the histories that have been marginalised in dominant historical narratives. This is done with a case study: an exhibition based on archival research on two Black radicals, Hermina and Otto Huiswoud. The research reveals the history of the black and Surinamese activism in the Netherlands which intersects with global histories of the black radicalism.