bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of collagen fibre orientation on the frictional properties of articular cartilage
Authors: Yarimitsu Seido , Ito Kei , Fujie Hiromichi
Published: May 2021

Articular cartilage has a unique collagen fibre network structure that exhibits both anisotropy and depth dependency. Collagen fibre orientation in a cross‐section parallel to the articular cartilage surface may affect the lubrication properties of articular cartilage. The effect of collagen fibre orientation on the frictional properties of articular cartilage was examined through finite element analysis of the friction. Specifically, a three‐dimensional fibre‐reinforced poroelastic biphasic model was used to determine the influence of collagen fibril orientation on the frictional properties of articular cartilage. The simulations reveal that collagen fibre orientation has a significant influence on the deformation behaviour of articular cartilage in front of and behind the contact area. The coefficient of dynamic friction was lower in the direction parallel to the collagen fibre orientation than in the direction perpendicular to the collagen fibre orientation, regardless of the indenter speed.
Retracted: Comparative analysis of distributive linear and nonlinear optimized spectrum sensing clustering techniques in cognitive radio network systems
Authors: Babu R Ganesh , Obaidat Mohammad S. , V Amudha , Manoharan Rajesh , R Sitharthan
Published: May 2021

Retraction: “Comparative analysis of distributive linear and nonlinear optimized spectrum sensing clustering techniques in cognitive radio network systems” by authors Ganesh Babu R, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Amudha V, Rajesh Manoharan and Sitharthan R, IET Netw. 2021;1–11. https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12027.

The above article, published online on 5 May 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Han‐Chieh Chao and John Wiley and Sons Ltd . The retraction has been agreed due to evidence indicating that the peer review of this paper was compromised.
Catalogue of exoplanets accessible in reflected starlight to theNancy Grace RomanSpace Telescope
Authors: Carrión-González Ó. , García Muñoz A. , Santos N. C. , Cabrera J. , Csizmadia Sz. , Rauer H.
Published: May 2021

Context.Reflected starlight measurements will open a new path in the characterization of directly imaged exoplanets. However, we still lack a population study of known targets to which this technique can be applied.

Aims.We investigate which of the about 4300 exoplanets confirmed to date are accessible for theRomanSpace Telescope coronagraph in reflected starlight at reference wavelengthsλ= 575, 730, and 825 nm. We carry out a population study and also address the prospects for phase-curve measurements.

Methods.We used the NASA Exoplanet Archive as a reference for planet and star properties and explored the effect of their uncertainties on the exoplanet detectability by applying statistical arguments. We defined a planet asRoman-accessible on the basis of the inner and outer working angles of the instrument and its minimum planet-to-star contrast (IWA, OWA, andCmin). We adopted three plausible configurations for these technical specifications, labeled pessimistic, intermediate, and optimistic. Our key outputs for each exoplanet are its probability of beingRoman-accessible (Paccess), the range of observable phase angles, the evolution of its equilibrium temperature, the number of days per orbit for which it is accessible, and its transit probability.

Results.In the optimistic scenario, we find 26Roman-accessible exoplanets withPaccess> 25% and host stars brighter thanV= 7 mag. This population is biased towards planets more massive than Jupiter, but also includes the super-Earths tau Cet e and f, which orbit near the habitable zone of their star. Thirteen planets are part of multi-planetary systems. Three of these planets have known transiting companions, which offers opportunities for a contemporaneous atmospheric characterization. The intermediate and pessimistic scenarios yield ten and threeRoman-accessible exoplanets, respectively. We find that inclination estimates (e.g. with astrometry) are required to refine the detectability prospects.

Conclusions.A science phase of the coronagraph instrument has a remarkable potential for characterizing the atmospheres of exoplanets that cannot be studied with other techniques.
Luminous efficiency based on FRIPON meteors and limitations of ablation models
Authors: Drolshagen E. , Ott T. , Koschny D. , Drolshagen G. , Vaubaillon J. , Colas F. , Zanda B. , Bouley S. , Jeanne S. , Malgoyre A. , Birlan M. , Vernazza P. , Gardiol D. , Nedelcu D. A. , Rowe J. , Forcier M. , Trigo-Rodriguez J. M. , Peña-Asensio E. , Lamy H. , Ferrière L. , Barghini D. , Carbognani A. , Di Martino M. , Rasetti S. , Valsecchi G. B. , Volpicelli C. A. , Di Carlo M. , Knapic C. , Pratesi G. , Riva W. , Stirpe G. M. , Zorba S. , Hernandez O. , Grandchamps A. , Jehin E. , Jobin M. , King A. , Sanchez-Lavega A. , Toni A. , Rimola A. , Poppe B.
Published: May 2021

Context.In meteor physics, the luminous efficiencyτis used to convert the meteor’s magnitude to the corresponding meteoroid’s mass. However, a lack of sufficiently accurate verification methods or adequate laboratory tests mean that discussions around this parameter are a subject of controversy.

Aims.In this work, we aim to use meteor data obtained by the Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation to calculate the luminous efficiencies of the recorded meteors. We also show the limitations of the methods presented herein.

Methods.Deceleration-based formulas were used to calculate the masses of the pre-atmospheric meteoroids. These can in turn be compared to the meteor brightnesses to assess the luminous efficiencies of the recorded objects. Fragmentation of the meteoroids is not considered within this model. Good measurements of the meteor deceleration are required.

Results.We findτ-values, as well as the shape change coefficients, of 294 meteors and fireballs with determined masses in the range of 10−6–100 kg. The derivedτ-values have a median ofτmedian= 2.17%. Most of them are of the order of 0.1–10%. We present how our values are obtained, compare them with data reported in the literature, and discuss several methods. A dependence ofτon the pre-atmospheric velocity of the meteor,ve, is noticeable with a relation of τ = 0.0023⋅ve2.3. Furthermore, a dependence ofτon the initial meteoroid mass,Me, is found with negative linear behaviour in log–log space: τ = 0.48⋅Me−0.47.

Conclusions.The higher luminous efficiency of fast meteors could be explained by the higher amount of energy released. Fast meteoroids produce additional emission lines that radiate more efficiently in specific wavelengths due to the appearance of the so-called second component of higher temperature. Furthermore, the negative dependence ofτonMeimplies that the radiation of smaller meteoroids is more efficient. The results of this study also show the limitations of the ablation-based model for the determination of the luminous efficiency.
A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris-disk stars
Authors: Absil O. , Marion L. , Ertel S. , Defrère D. , Kennedy G. M. , Romagnolo A. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Christiaens V. , Milli J. , Bonsor A. , Olofsson J. , Su K. Y. L. , Augereau J.-C.
Published: May 2021

Context. Hot exozodiacal dust has been shown to be present in the innermost regions of an increasing number of main sequence stars over the past 15 yr. However, the origin of hot exozodiacal dust and its connection with outer dust reservoirs remains unclear.

Aims. We aim to explore the possible connection between hot exozodiacal dust and warm dust reservoirs (≥100 K) in asteroid belts.

Methods. We use precision near-infrared interferometry with VLTI/PIONIER to search for resolved emission at H-band around a selected sample of 62 nearby stars that show possible signs of warm dust populations.

Results. Our observations reveal the presence of resolved near-infrared emission around 17 out of 52 stars with sufficient data quality. For four of these, the emission is shown to be due to a previously unknown stellar companion. The 13 other H-band excesses are thought to originate from the thermal emission of hot dust grains, close to their sublimation temperature. Taking into account earlier PIONIER observations, where some stars with warm dust were also observed, and after re-evaluating the warm dust content of all our PIONIER targets through spectral energy distribution modeling, we find a detection rate of 17.1−4.6+8.1% for H-band excess around main sequence stars hosting warm dust belts, which is statistically compatible with the occurrence rate of 14.6−2.8+4.3% found around stars showing no signs of warm dust. After correcting for the sensitivity loss due to partly unresolved hot disks, under the assumption that they are arranged in a thin ring around their sublimation radius, we find tentative evidence at the 3σ level that H-band excesses around stars with outer dust reservoirs (warm or cold) could be statistically larger than H-band excesses around stars with no detectable outer dust.

Conclusions. Our observations do not suggest a direct connection between warm and hot dust populations at the sensitivity level of the considered instruments, although they bring to light a possible correlation between the level of H-band excess and the presence of outer dust reservoirs in general.
Energetic ions in the Venusian system: Insights from the first Solar Orbiter flyby
Authors: Allen R. C. , Cernuda I. , Pacheco D. , Berger L. , Xu Z. G. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Ho G. C. , Mason G. M. , Vines S. K. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Horbury T. , Maksimovic M. , Hadid L. Z. , Volwerk M. , Dimmock A. P. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Stergiopoulou K. , Andrews G. B. , Angelini V. , Bale S. D. , Boden S. , Böttcher S. I. , Chust T. , Eldrum S. , Espada P. P. , Espinosa Lara F. , Evans V. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Hayes J. R. , Hellín A. M. , Kollhoff A. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Kühl P. , Kulkarni S. R. , Lees W. J. , Lorfèvre E. , Martin C. , O’Brien H. , Plettemeier D. , Polo O. R. , Prieto M. , Ravanbakhsh A. , Sánchez-Prieto S. , Schlemm C. E. , Seifert H. , Souček J. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Terasa J. C. , Trávníček P. , Tyagi K. , Vaivads A. , Vecchio A. , Yedla M.
Published: May 2021

The Solar Orbiter flyby of Venus on 27 December 2020 allowed for an opportunity to measure the suprathermal to energetic ions in the Venusian system over a large range of radial distances to better understand the acceleration processes within the system and provide a characterization of galactic cosmic rays near the planet. Bursty suprathermal ion enhancements (up to ∼10 keV) were observed as far as ∼50RVdowntail. These enhancements are likely related to a combination of acceleration mechanisms in regions of strong turbulence, current sheet crossings, and boundary layer crossings, with a possible instance of ion heating due to ion cyclotron waves within the Venusian tail. Upstream of the planet, suprathermal ions are observed that might be related to pick-up acceleration of photoionized exospheric populations as far as 5RVupstream in the solar wind as has been observed before by missions such as Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Venus Express. Near the closest approach of Solar Orbiter, the Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) count rate was observed to decrease by approximately 5 percent, which is consistent with the amount of sky obscured by the planet, suggesting a negligible abundance of GCR albedo particles at over 2RV. Along with modulation of the GCR population very close to Venus, the Solar Orbiter observations show that the Venusian system, even far from the planet, can be an effective accelerator of ions up to ∼30 keV. This paper is part of a series of the first papers from the Solar Orbiter Venus flyby.
Resistance of winter soft wheat varieties to leaf and yellow rust in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region of Russia
Authors: Zeleneva Yuliya V. , Shaydayuk Ekaterina L.
Published: May 2021

In 2020, resistance to leaf and yellow rust in 62 varieties of winter soft wheat recommended for cultivation in the Central Chernozem region of Russia was characterized. Varieties resistant to two rust species (group resistance) (16%) or to one of them (18% to yellow, 1% to leaf rust) have been identified. Moderate level of group resistance to both types of rust (disease severity up to 15%) was shown for varieties Moskovskaya 56, Moskovskaya 70 and Latynevka. Varieties Bogdanka, Volzhskaya 100, Volzhskaya K, Izyuminka, Lidiya, Odesskaya 200, Rubin were characterized by moderate resistance to yellow rust and weak susceptibility to leaf rust. For the first time in the conditions of the Tambov region, the virulence of the yellow rust pathogen was studied, and racial composition was characterized. Two races 79E190 and 15E144 were revealed among Tambov isolates of P. striiformis by the use of a set of differential lines in the virulence analysis. All the isolates were avirulent to Avocet lines with genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr12, Yr17, Yr24 and YrAR.
Evaluation of the breeding and genetic potential of strawberry varieties and hybrids based on economically valuable traits
Authors: Lapshin V.I. , Yakovenko V.V. , Shcheglov S.N.
Published: May 2021

The study of the inherited features of the genotype and the directions of variability of breeding-valuable traits of strawberry varieties and hybrid forms is an integral part of most researches in the field of this crop breeding. The purpose of this work was to determine the most promising strawberry varieties and hybrid selections by a complex of economically significant characteristics based on the assessment of their selection and genetic potential. In the period 2018–2020, 7 varieties and 17 inter-variety hybrids of strawberry were studied. Using methods of multivariate mathematical statistics, including calculation of factor contributions, estimation of principal components, and cluster analysis of the hierarchical algorithm using the Ward method, the variability of strawberry genotypes in terms of crop structure and quality was estimated. It is shown that variety genotype makes a decisive contribution to the variability of the studied forms. The model of the ideal variety was used as a comparative criterion for promising varieties and hybrid selections. As a result of clustering and combining the studied forms in the intervals of Euclidean distances, a high assessment was made for the selection and genetic potential of strawberry varieties Onda, Belrubi, Florence and Nelli, as well as hybrid forms with their participation.
New studies of wild-growing grapes of Kuban: ecology, morphology, variability
Authors: Gorbunov I.V. , Lukyanov A.A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this scientific work was to find and study the variety of wild grapes as future promising sources of selection and valuable traits on the example of the territory of the natural reserve «Red Forest”. Analysis of modern scientific literature on the study of Vitaceae Juss. family biodiversity showed that there is practically no scientific information on agrestic Kuban forms and autochthones of grapes. This article represents the beginning of a new large research work on the study of wild Kuban grapes under study in the territory of Krasnodar Krai, in particular, in the state natural reserve “Red Forest”. The following methods were used in the work: route reconnaissance (during expeditions), traditional geobotanical and ampelographic, analytical. 5 isolated populations of agrestic grapes have been found on the territory of the “Red Forest” nature reserve. For the first time, these forms were studied and described by the ecological and geographical growth conditions and morphological traits of vegetative and generative spheres of grape plants. Significant variability of some indicators has been revealed. The presence of damage by pests and diseases was not visually detected. Hypothetically, these isolated grape populations may belong to Vitis vinifera ssp. Silvestris Gmel. or its variation var. Tipica Negr. (wild forest grapes). Samples were taken for further genetic analysis. This research was carried out within the framework of the RFFR grant project (contract No.19–416–230025).
Use of apple tree gene pool to create adaptive cultivars with high quality fruits
Authors: Krasova Nina , Ikase Laila , Dekena Dzintra , Galasheva Anna
Published: May 2021

The apple tree gene pool was evaluated by resistance to adverse winter conditions based on the analysis of weather data for 50 years. 70% of winter-hardy and highly winter-hardy cultivars were revealed in the group of traditional local cultivars. Many local Central Russian cultivars are widely used in the breeding of new winter-hardy cultivars in central Russia, the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, the Altai, the Far East and the south of the country. Positive results were obtained by using cultivars obtained from stepped crossbreeding, combining a complex of valuable qualities (winter resistance, immunity to scab, high qualities of fruits) in selection. On the basis of damaging factors' modeling, resistance to -38° C temperature and resistance to frost after thaw were confirmed in most VNIISPK breeding cultivars; winter-hardy cultivars with a resistance threshold -40°C: Vyatich, Orlovskiy partizan, Orlovskoye polesie, Zdorovye, Ministr Kiselev, Pamyat' Semakinu, Rozhdestvenskoye. Cultivars Idared, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Gala, Jonagold, Pink Lady, Fuji, Honeycrisp are recommended for use in breeding in combination with winter-resistant cultivars to create new high-quality apple tree cultivars with long keeping quality.
Prospects for improving sweet cherry assortment in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Bogdanov R.E. , Kruzhkov A.V. , Yushkov A.N. , Borzykh N.V. , Kozaeva M.I.
Published: May 2021

The research was aimed at evaluating sweet cherry forms on a complex of economically valuable traits and the allocation of promising genotypes for further use in breeding and production. The forms of sweet cherries grow in Michurinsk city of Tambov region. The study of frost resistance was carried out in laboratory conditions. Annual branches were frosted for 12 hours at -32°C and -35°C. Reproductive buds in all studied forms were characterized by reversible damage (less than 3 points) at temperature regime -32°C and complete death at -35°C. 10-117 form was characterized by -35°C frost resistance in the middle of winter, in which the freezing degree of annual branches tissues and vegetative buds did not exceed 2 points. Over the years of research, elites 4/8-24, 10-115, 7-38, 10-117, 6-87, 4/9-15, 7-5 possessed resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis (the damage degree not more than 2 points). The highest yield (9.75-9.84 t/ha) on average over three years was shown by forms 4/8-24, 7-38, 7-5. Yield at the control level was noted in forms 6-87, 4/9-15, 10-115. Elite forms 4/9-15, 7-38 were characterized by the largest mass of fruits, significantly exceeding the control variety. The average weight amounted to 7.3 and 7.2 g, and the maximum was 9.4 and 8.4 g respectively. Forms 4/8-24, 4/9-15, 7-38 combined the dessert taste of fruits (tasting assessment of 4.6-4.8 points), very juicy and dense pulp.
Effect of selenite-ion on the integrity of winter rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) membranes in drought conditions
Authors: Puzina Tamara , Makeeva Inna , Nedbaylo Alina
Published: May 2021

The effect of selenite-ion on the reactions of lipid peroxidation, the electrolyte release, the membrane damage coefficient and the growth parameters of winter rye seedlings of the Tatiana variety under optimal water supply conditions and during a seven-day drought was studied. Seeds treatment with 5.8·10-3 M sodium selenite solution reduced the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the leaves - lipid fatty acid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde under optimal and stressful conditions. To a greater extent, selenite-ion reduced the content of malondialdehyde compared to hydroperoxides (by 25%). The effect of selenium on lipid peroxidation reaction was more effective in drought conditions. The inhibition of electrolyte release from seedlings leaves enriched with selenium was revealed. The coefficient of membrane damage in drought conditions was lower in the variant with selenite-ion (by 37%). The large mass of aboveground seedling organs, length and weight of the root system when treating seeds with sodium selenite were noted. The obtained data are discussed in connection with the effect of selenium on the content of auxins, expressing genes responsible for the antioxidant enzymes synthesis.
Features of adaptation of photosynthesis of winter wheat plant leaves to growing conditions
Authors: Amelin A.V. , Chekalin E.I. , Zaikin V.V. , Ikusov R.A.
Published: May 2021

Depending on the growing conditions, the intensity of photosynthesis of winter wheat plant leaves varies from 7.58 to 15.76 µmol CO2/m2s, significantly decreasing (on average by 41%) in dry and hot weather. During the day, its value varies from 7.07 to 12.48 µmol CO2/m2s, reaching a maximum (12.48 µmol CO2/m2s) in the morning (from 9:00 to 11:00 am), when the air temperature is not so high (from 18 to 23°C), and the light becomes saturating (1000 -1300 µmol/m2s). In the time following, the intensity of leaf photosynthesis decreases, reaching the minimum values at 7:00 pm. At the same time, the flag leaves of plants are characterized by the highest photosynthetic activity - from 12.56 to 16.16 µmol CO2/m2s, exceeding the pre-flag leaves by 1.6 times, and the lower ones by 3.1 times. The stomatal apparatus plays an important role in the adaptation of leaf photosynthesis to environmental factors. The correlation coefficient of photosynthesis intensity with stomatal conductivity in different leaf locations varied from 0.97 to 0.98.
Evaluation of common quince of VNIISPK breeding as pear seedling rootstock for fruit production in Central Russia
Authors: Semin Igor , Dolmatov Evgeniy , Ozherelyeva Zoya
Published: May 2021

The article presents preliminary results of studies on the assessment of VNIISPK breeding common quince use as an intensive type seedling rootstock for pear cultivation in the conditions of Central Russia. It was established that the common quince of VNIISPK breeding is suitable to be used as seedling rootstock of pear in conditions of the Russian midland and has sufficient winter resistance of overground and root systems, high seedling yield in seedling rootstock breeding and good compatibility with some pear varieties. Strong fusion with the rootstock and active growth development when using an apple-pear hybrid No. 818 was noted; it can be recommended as an intermediate stock (mediator) in incompatible variety-rootstock combinations. Research in this direction will be continued.
Study of the adaptability of scion-rootstock combinations of plum tree to temperature stressors in the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna , Dragavtseva Irina , Shcheglov Sergey , Drygina Anna , Klyukina Anna
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the research is due to a change in the strength, frequency and direction of harmful weather stresses associated with climate change, which has an extremely negative effect on the general condition and productivity of plants, disrupts the conditions for the exit of plants from the dormant stage, while accelerating the rate of spring development. The rise of positive temperatures in the autumn period delays the entry of plants into the phase of organic dormancy, impairing their preparation for the winter. This paper provides an assessment of the adaptive response of the optimal course of growth and development of scion-rootstock combinations (SRC), taking into account changes in environmental conditions. The complexity of interaction mechanisms in the “scion-rootstock-environment” system is presented. Analysis of variance has shown that quantitative traits have complex genetic systems, which are characterized by multivariance of the reaction associated with multilevel redefinition of the genetic organization of quantitative traits of the SRC when changing the environmental limits. The value of the work is in the fact that the selected objects are perennial fruit crops, which are an interacting complex of two genotypes. The best combinations of grafts and rootstocks in the studied varieties in the specific environmental conditions and with given growing technologies were identified: Stanley / PK SK 1, Stanley / Druzhba, Renklod Donetskiy-1 / Evrika 99, Renklod Donetskiy-1 / cherry plum, Milena / Evrika 99 The highest-yielding under the changed conditions, and hence the most adaptive, were the combinations of plum variety Stanley on the rootstocks of PK SK 1 and Druzhba.
Assessment of the silicon compounds effect on disease resistance and productivity of spring barley with a decrease in pesticide load in the south of Russia
Authors: Slastya Irina V. , Khudyakova Elena V. , Stepantsevich Marina N.
Published: May 2021

In a small-plot field experiment, the effect of different forms of silicon compounds (tetraethoxysilane (TES) and sodium silicate) and processing methods (seeds and plants) on disease incidence and productivity of spring barley varieties was studied and the effect of diseases on productivity was evaluated. It was found that the use of silicon-containing compounds separately and in a mixture with a reduced consumption rate of fungicide led to a decrease in the infestation of barley with root rot and leaf spots. The lowest degree of disease development was observed when using a fungicide and mixtures of TES and sodium silicate with a reduced consumption rate of fungicide. The maximum yield increases were obtained by combining two types of treatment with silicon - seeds and plants. When processing seeds, the use of sodium silicate was more effective. The relationship between the development of diseases and the productivity of spring barley, primarily grain biomass, is estimated in most cases as strong and medium.
Determination of heavy metals content in tea leaves and products of their processing by method of inversion voltammetry
Authors: Maharramova S.I.
Published: May 2021

This paper shows that some heavy metals generate free radicals that can lead to oxidative stress and cause other cellular damage, a carcinogenic effect, affecting a number of proteins. As a result of the measurement, it was found that in green tea leaves the content of concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu is 2.90 ± 1.10; 0,029±0,029; 0.11 ± 0,040 and 3.10 ± 1.10 mg/kg, respectively. Their lowest content was found in drinks from black baikha tea - 0.039; 0,036±0,014; 0,044 ± 0,016 and 0,054 ± 0,020 mg/kg, respectively. Content of concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in tea extract with weight fraction of dry substances of 30.0% is 7.90- 9.59 times more than in beverages from black baikha tea. The mass concentration of toxic metals Cd, Pb in all analysed samples of tea leaves and tea drinks is less than their permissible levels specified in regulatory documents in force in the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Expansion of the genetic diversity of common spring wheat for resistance to biotic stress factors at the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture
Authors: Kushnirenko Igor’ , Shreyder Ekaterina , Shaydayuk Ekaterina , Kovalenko Nadezhda , Gultyaeva Elena
Published: May 2021

The Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture (CRIA) conducts targeted breeding for the complex resistance of soft spring wheat to biotic and abiotic stress factors, with the involvement of alien translocations donors. At the same time, the virulence of the pathogen populations is monitored. The purpose of these studies is to study disease resistance and to characterize economically valuable traits in 60 introgressive lines created in the CRIA, and to assess their influence on the variability of pathogens populations for virulence. Using molecular markers, the high genetic diversity of the studied collection of introgressive breeding lines for effective alien resistance genes was confirmed. According to the field and laboratory studies, promising lines were identified (Lutescens (Lut.) 26708, Erythrospermum (Erythr.) 26725, Ferrugineum (Ferr.) 26727, Ferr. 26752, Ferr. 26757, Erythr. 26762, Erythr. 26775, Lut. 26720) These lines combine multipathogen diseases resistance with a complex of economically valuable characteristics (yield, grain quality). There was no effect of introgression lines of spring wheat on the variability of the pathogen population for virulence.
Study of amino acids in Artemisia heptapotamica Poljak and Artemisia albida Willd
Authors: Mukatay U. , Kemelbek M. , Seilkhan A. , Ross S.A. , Zhubanova A.A.
Published: May 2021

Amino acids are one of the most important categories Natural compounds are structural elements of peptides and polypeptides, which are found in almost all living organisms on the earth. The article uses gas-liquid chromatography to study the amino acids in the whole parts of Artemisia heptapotamica Poljak and Artemisia albida Willd collected during flowering. The research results determined the content of 11 amino acids in the raw materials. The main amino acids of Artemisia heptapotamica Poljak are glutamic acid (2688 mg / 100 g), aspartic acid (1340 mg / 100 g), alanine (910 mg / 100 g) and proline ( 825 mg / 100 g), and Artemisia albida willd determined the composition of main amino acids: glutamic (2662 mg / 100 g), aspartic (1320 mg / 100 g), alanine ( 898 mg / 100 g) and proline (809 mg / 100 g).
Influence of microbial complexes based on microorganisms’ polyfunctional strains on the grapes’ rootstock rhizogenesis stages passage
Authors: Ivanchenko Viacheslav , Zotikov Anton , Zameta Oleg , Mikhailov Sergey , Potanin Dmitry
Published: May 2021

The article presents data on the complex influence study of new microbial preparations Diazophyte, Phosphoenterin, Biopolicide, Aurill and Azotobacterin on biometric indicators of growth and development of grapes rootstock at separate rhizogenesis stages. Standard cuttings of the Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5 BB rootstock grape variety were used as objects of the four-year study. For the first time, the optimal breeding range of the studied microbial complexes (MPC-1 and MPC-2 in dilution 1:10) was determined; with it, stable efficiency of root formation stimulation of subpar grape variety Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB cuttings was observed. In turn, this is the basis for future studies aimed at finding the optimal concentration in this range. By its effectiveness, the use of these microbial complexes approaches the action of the traditional chemical stimulant Heteroauxin at a concentration of 0.02%.
The balance of organic matter and soil nutrients, depending on fertilization level of soybean varieties
Authors: Kotlyarova Ekaterina , Gritsina Vitaliy , Litsukov Sergey , Stupakov Alexey
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the effect and interaction of straw-litter compost (20 t/ha), ammonium nitrate (30 kg/ha N) and microfertilizer Azosol 36 Extra (2 times 2 l/ha) on the fertility indicators of typical chernozem for soybean cultivation in the southern forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem region. It was found that the increase in fertilization level based on the use of compost contributed to the positive dynamics of organic matter and macronutrients, the formation of higher yields, protein content and collection. The largest increase in organic matter in the soil was in the variants of joint use of compost and ammonium nitrate – 0.52-0.68%. The combination of compost and ammonium nitrate, as well as the complex application of mineral fertilizers, maintained a positive balance of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil from 3.3 to 8.2 mg/kg. Perhaps, the early-ripening soybean variety Lantsetnaya mainly used nitrogen of mineral fertilizers for crop formation, while the mid-ripening variety Belgorodskaya 48 is more responsive to the use of compost. The introduction of compost also caused an increase in mobile phosphorus content in the soil by 36-47 mg/kg and the exchangeable potassium by 5.4-43 mg/kg. This contributed to the transfer by grouping to a higher gradation - to a high class of supply in terms of the content of both mobile phosphorus (163-196 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (125-168 mg/kg).
Comprehensive assessment of the degree of landscape compositions’ ornamentality
Authors: Emelyanova Olga , Masalova Lubov , Firsov Andrey
Published: May 2021

Plantings’ ornamentality is an important aspect of the aesthetic appearance formation of urbanized landscapes. In urban ecosystems, trees and shrubs are often exposed to high stress levels that shortens their lifespan and reduces ornamentality. Plant introduction is one of the methods of enriching the assortment with resistant species. The aim of the research was to comprehensively assess the ornamentality degree of North American introduction tree groups from the genetic collection of the All-Russian scientific research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) arboretum and to give recommendations on improving their composition. Research was carried out in 2013-2019, taking into account the dynamics of changes in decorative qualities during the year. Throughout the year, landscape compositions showed peaks of ornamentality in the same seasons of the year (May, September). To give dynamism to groups in the summer period, it is recommended to plant Spiraea douglasii in the 1st group; in composition 2 — Hydrangea arborescens and two varieties of Physocarpus opulifolius: ‘Darts Gold’ and ‘Summer Wine’. Graphics of ornamentality degree changes of landscape groups are recommended to be used when drawing up landscape groups for various purposes to ensure their ornamentality during either an entire year or a certain period.
Analysis of the composition of Iris × hybrida hort. collection of Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center by valuable decorative and economic-biological features
Authors: Sheynina Alexandra , Ulanovskaya Irina
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the cultivar composition of the Iris × hybrida hort. collection of Nikitsky Botanical Gardens according to bloom season and color classification. As a result of the analysis of phenological observations, the average long-term dates of the «beginning of flowering» phase in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea were determined for all collection cultivars. The definition of the studied cultivars according to the bloom season within the garden groups into early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering has been carried out. Lists of cultivars by color classes are presented. The data obtained can be used in the practice of landscaping resort areas to create long blooming without a break compositions with the inclusion of Iris × hybrida hort. cultivars from various garden groups. The definition of Iris × hybrida hort. cultivars of NBS – NSC collection by color classes in accordance with the classification proposed by The American Iris Society was also carried out. Lists of cultivars by color classes are presented. The data obtained can be used by landscape architects to create flower arrangements in specific color spectrum in combination with companion plants.
Quantification of some ornamental plant species carbon dioxide absorption for various moisture conditions
Authors: Korsakova Svetlana , Plugatar Yuri , Kovalev Maksim
Published: May 2021

The study of carbon dioxide gas exchange of leaves of Prunus laurocerasus L., Laurus nobilis L. and Viburnum tinus L. under various environmental conditions was carried out. The greatest resistance to drought and the ability to absorb CO2 under hydrothermal stress was found in Viburnum tinus plants. It was determined that the inhibition of the processes of CO2 absorption with increasing water scarcity begins in the studied species with a decrease in soil moisture to 35% field capacity. Under conditions of soil drought, the amount of CO2 absorbed by Prunus laurocerasus leaves is reduced by 10 times, Laurus nobilis – by 7 times, Viburnum tinus – by 2 times. The positive carbon dioxide gas exchange of Prunus laurocerasus, Laurus nobilis and Viburnum tinus in the hot dry period, when the amount of CO2 absorption exceeds its release during respiration by 1–5.1, 1.5–3.7 and 1.1–6.2 times, respectively, indicates a significant potential these species for optimizing the urban ecosystems of the southern regions of Russia. The developed predictive models allow us to perform a quantitative assessment of the ability of plants to absorb carbon dioxide under various environmental conditions.
Currant growing technology and mechanized harvesting-review
Authors: Panfilova Olga , Tsoy Mikhail , Golyaeva Olga
Published: May 2021

Currant is a technological, fast-growing, high-yielding crop with a high content of vitamins in the fruit. The intensification of production provides for an increase in the productivity of plantings and a reduction in the cost of production due to the introduction of new cultivation technologies. The main production expenses are connected with harvest. The authors of this paper present the first and modern berry harvesters that reduce the cost of production and ensure high productivity of automated labor. The prospect of using technologies is based on agricultural techniques for cultivating highly productive, disease-and pest-resistant currant cultivars with a certain bush habit and physical and mechanical parameters of berries. Scientists have developed new breeding programs for Ribes, taking into account the genetic characteristics of the cultivar. The review presents the main cultivars of currants grown commercially in Europe, the USA, and Russia. Information about crop cultivation technologies is summarized and analyzed.
Improvement of technological methods of production and cultivation of grafted grape seedlings
Authors: Seget Olga , Avdeenko Irina , Aleynikova Galina
Published: May 2021

At present time, there is a steady trend of expanding the area of grape plantations in the Russian Federation. The revival of the industry is caused by a number of problems, one of which is the lack of grape high-quality planting material. The purchase of imported seedlings is not a universal way of satisfying vineyards in seedlings, due to the inability of imported clone varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of grape growing regions in the Russian Federation. That is why it is necessary to increase the yield of grape seedlings of local table and technical varieties. The paper presents the results of studying the duration of growing of grape seedlings and the substrate used for them. It was found that the optimal composition of the substrate for grafted vegetative seedlings growing is a combination of sawdust + glauconite sand + bentonite clay (in a ratio of 1:1:1) with a growing time of 60 days. With this method of cultivation, the yield of first-class grafted seedlings was 51.2%. The duration of grafted vegetative seedlings cultivation, generally accepted in the production of 40-45 days, provides the yield of seedlings at the level of 35.4-39.6%, which is lower than the best variant of the experiment by 11.6-15.8%.
Influence of feed additive on the biological value of broiler chickens’ white meat protein in technological stress conditions
Authors: Miftakhutdinov A.V. , Saifulmulyukov E.R. , Nogovitsina E.A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research was to study the effect of feed additive on the biological value of broiler chickens’ white meat protein under pre-slaughter stress conditions. The experiment was carried out on Arbor Acres broiler chickens in the conditions of an industrial poultry farm with floor housing technology. The main diet of poultry in the I experimental group was introduced with feed additive at a 1269 g/t feed dose, II - at a dose of 1693 g/t. The control group poultry received only the main diet. As a result, the white meat of broiler chickens of experimental groups contained 1.5-6.8% more essential amino acids, substituted by 1.3-5.5% compared to control. In the amino acid composition of the broiler chickens’ meat of the experimental group I, the most pronounced changes in the content of essential and dispensable amino acids were revealed; their level was above the control by an average of 3.7 and 2.9% respectively. White meat proteins of broiler chickens of the I experimental group were more biologically valuable; their amino acid score was above control by an average of 4.5%.
Strategy of innovative development of animal husbandry in the Bryansk region
Authors: Vaskin V.F. , Korosteleva O.N. , Kuzmitskaya A.A. , Repnikova V.I. , Khvostenko T.M.
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates the strategy of innovative development of animal husbandry in the Bryansk region. The main indicators of animal husbandry development are studied. The dynamics of the population of animals, poultry, rabbits and bee colonies is analyzed. The structure and dynamics of livestock products manufacturing, including the production of cattle and poultry in carcass weight, milk, eggs and honey, are calculated. The productivity of animals is estimated, including the average daily weight gain of cattle and pigs, the average annual milk yield per cow, and the average annual egg production of laying hens. The best practices of animal husbandry effective development on an innovative basis are considered. Major investment projects implemented in the livestock industry are considered. The scenario forecast of production of the most important types of animal products (milk and meat of cattle and poultry) is presented. The directions of the strategic development of the industry are justified.
Indicators of the internal organs weight of purebred and crossbred young sheep with different methods of fattening
Authors: Byamba D. , Biltuev S. , Achituev V. , Zhamyanov B. , Biltuev A.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the indicators of live weight and the internal organs weight of purebred Khalkha and crossbreed Khalkha-Suffolk rams, depending on the method of their fattening. Experimental studies were conducted in the Selenga aimak of Mongolia and in the laboratories of the Mongolian University of Natural Sciences. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that purebred Khalkha rams were inferior to Khalkha-Suffolk crossbreed rams in terms of live weight at birth and at the age of 8 months. When fed with rapeseed cake, purebred Khalkha rams had an advantage over half-breeds in terms of absolute heart weight by 0.04 kg and digestive system weight by 0.06 kg, and in terms of pre-slaughter weight by 0.22 and 1.29%, respectively. At the same time, Khalkha-Suffolk crossbreed rams outperformed purebred animals in terms of absolute lung weight by 0.19 kg and relative weight by 0.19%.
Analysis of liver pathologies in stray dogs in the age aspect (sectional study)
Authors: Tkachenko L.V.
Published: May 2021

The presence of stray animals in megacities or small settlements is the result of human activity. Stray dogs are in direct contact with representatives of wild fauna, influencing the occurrence and spread of various epizootics and epidemics. Stray animals, as a part of society, can serve as a biological model for understanding the influence of the environment on the body. We conducted a sectional study of 32 dogs aged from 2 years to 10 years and older. As a result, it was found that there is no correlation between sex and liver pathologies. Liver pathologies in stray animals were observed in the period from 2 to 7 years old, with a peak at 6 years of age, by 8 years old the number of pathologies decreases almost 2–3 times. Liver cirrhosis (45%), protein dystrophy of the liver (45%), acute congestive hyperemia of the liver (19%), fatty liver dystrophy (16%) and neoplasms in the liver (13%) were recorded as often as possible in stray animals. The main causes of liver pathologies in stray animals were: stress, toxic effects of food or chemicals (poisoning), pathogens of infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, internal bleeding (car injury).
Application of a plant-tissue composition in combination with the use of an aerosol of an electrochemical activated solution of neutral anolyte in the association of respiratory tract infections and wound infections of the distal extremities of cattle
Authors: Alekseev Anatoly , Petrova Olga , Usevich Vera , Barashkin Mikhail , Milstein Igor
Published: May 2021

Bovine respiratory infections occupy the second place in the nosological picture after diseases of the digestive system and cause huge economic damage, which in the Russian Federation, according to our estimates, amounts to several billion rubles a year. Very often, respiratory pathologies in highly productive cows are complicated by wound infections of the distal extremities, which primarily include necrobacteriosis, streptococcosis and staphylococcosis, which also bring economic losses to farms due to reduced animal productivity and culling of highly productive cows.The primary causecontributing to the development of wound infections of the distal extremities in cattle is respiratory infections. According to our long-term observations, all farms where outbreaks of necrobacteriosis were recorded were unfavorable for bovine respiratory infections, such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea(VD), parainfluenza type 3 (PG-3) and respiratory syncytial infection (RSI). Comprehensive prevention of wound infectionsof the dental extremities of cattle (cattle) should include mandatory prevention of respiratory infections. For complex prevention of mixed infection, we proposed the use of an ECHO (electrochemically activated) solution of neutral anolyte (ANK+) in the form of a fine aerosol in combination with the use of a plant-tissue preparation “Vidoral”, (Patent RU 2,625,022 C2 dated 11.07.2017, copyright holder of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education of the UralState Agrarian University ) with immunomodulatory properties.
Results analysis of agricultural organizations subsidy
Authors: Shestakov R.B. , Yakovlev N.A. , Lovchikova E.I. , Zvereva G.P. , Volchenkova A.S.
Published: May 2021

The article presents some issues of the methodology of the study of state support for agricultural production in the aspect of efficiency. The dynamic series of profitability for certain types of products sold by agricultural organizations with and without budget subsidies are used as source data. First, a preliminary analysis and pairwise comparison of the series using nonparametric methods is carried out. Further, in order to use complete information on all the data, the methods of reduction to three variables are applied. In order to compare different methods, the principal component method and autoencoding using a neural network were used. The transformed data was also compared with and without subsidies. Conclusions and practical recommendations on the results obtained, as well as directions for the development of scientific research, are formulated.
Der tiefe sternale Wundinfekt nach Sternotomie
Authors: Harder Yves , Krapf Johanna , Rieck Bernd , Schaefer Dirk J. , Djedovic Gabriel , Kutschka Ingo , Graf Karolin , Kneser Ulrich , Horch Raymund E. , Lehnhardt Marcus , Pierer Gerhard
Published: May 2021

Der tiefe sternale Wundinfekt (TSWI) ist eine seltene Komplikation nach Sternotomie, die mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität behaftet ist und Krankenhausaufenthalt sowie die Behandlungskosten signifikant ansteigen lässt. Eine mikrobiologische Besonderheit ist die Ausbildung von Biofilmen auf Implantatmaterial und/oder Knochensequestern. Die Diagnose wird anhand der klinischen Symptomatik der lokalen Entzündungsreaktion gestellt und durch systemische Infektionszeichen gestützt. Eine frühzeitige und gemeinsame Konsensfindung, welche die oft interdisziplinäre Behandlungsstrategie festlegt, ist dabei essenziell. Die Behandlung besteht i. d. R. aus mehreren chirurgischen Wunddebridements mit zwischenzeitlicher Wundkonditionierung, bis ein ausreichend sauberer Wundstatus erreicht ist. Zur Infektsanierung und für den Wundverschluss stehen je nach Größe und Lokalisation des Gewebedefektes eine Vielzahl verschiedener gestielter und freier Lappenplastiken zur Auswahl.