bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A porous metal-organic cage liquid for sustainable CO2 conversion reactions
Authors: He Chang , Zou Yu-Huang , Si Duan-Hui , Chen Zi-Ao , Liu Tian-Fu , Cao Rong , Huang Yuan-Biao
Published: June 2023

Porous liquids are fluids with the permanent porosity, which can overcome the poor gas solubility limitations of conventional porous solid materials for three phase gas-liquid-solid reactions. However, preparation of porous liquids still requires the complicated and tedious use of porous hosts and bulky liquids. Herein, we develop a facile method to produce a porous metal-organic cage (MOC) liquid (Im-PL-Cage) by self-assembly of long polyethylene glycol (PEG)-imidazolium chain functional linkers, calixarene molecules and Zn ions. The Im-PL-Cage in neat liquid has permanent porosity and fluidity, endowing it with a high capacity of CO2adsorption. Thus, the CO2stored in an Im-PL-Cage can be efficiently converted to the value-added formylation product in the atmosphere, which far exceeds the porous MOC solid and nonporous PEG-imidazolium counterparts. This work offers a new method to prepare neat porous liquids for catalytic transformation of adsorbed gas molecules.
Visualizing the multi-level assembly structures of conjugated molecular systems with chain-length dependent behavior
Authors: Zhou Yang-Yang , Xu Yu-Chun , Yao Ze-Fan , Li Jia-Ye , Pan Chen-Kai , Lu Yang , Yang Chi-Yuan , Ding Li , Xiao Bu-Fan , Wang Xin-Yi , Shao Yu , Zhang Wen-Bin , Wang Jie-Yu , Wang Huan , Pei Jian
Published: June 2023

It remains challenging to understand the structural evolution of conjugated polymers from single chains to solvated aggregates and film microstructures, although it underpins the performance of optoelectrical devices fabricated via the mainstream solution processing method. With several ensemble visual measurements, here we unravel the morphological evolution process of a model system of isoindigo-based conjugated molecules, including the hidden molecular assembly pathways, the mesoscale network formation, and their unorthodox chain dependence. Short chains show rigid chain conformations forming discrete aggregates in solution, which further grow to form a highly ordered film that exhibits poor electrical performance. In contrast, long chains exhibit flexible chain conformations, creating interlinked aggregates networks in solution, which are directly imprinted into films, forming interconnective solid-state microstructure with excellent electrical performance. Visualizing multi-level assembly structures of conjugated molecules provides a deep understanding of the inheritance of assemblies from solution to solid-state, accelerating the optimization of device fabrication.
Inflammatory markers may mediate the relationship between processed meat consumption and metabolic unhealthy obesity in women: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mohamadi Azam , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Barekzai Ahmad Mujtaba , Clark Cain C. T. , Aali Yasaman , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: June 2023

Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) are known to be affected by diet and inflammatory factors (such as TGF-β1, IL-β1, MCP1). We sought to survey that consume of processed meat could effect on MHO and MUHO phenotypes, mediated through inflammatory markers, in overweight and obese Iranian women. The current cross-sectional study was done on 224 women 18–48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. A 147- item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate dietary intake. In all participants, anthropometric indices and biochemical factors, as well as metabolic health phenotypes based on Karelis score, were evaluated. According to results, 22.6% of participants had MHO and 75.7% had MUHO phenotypes. There was an association between higher adherence to processed meats and increasing odds of MUHO phenotype in Iranian women (OR:2.54; 95% CI 0.009, 7.51; P = 0.05). Moreover, we found that the relation can be affected by agents such as TGF-β1, IL-β1, and MCP1; however, more research is needed to confirm these results and finding.
AI aided workflow for hip dysplasia screening using ultrasound in primary care clinics
Authors: Jaremko Jacob L. , Hareendranathan Abhilash , Bolouri Seyed Ehsan Seyed , Frey Rod Fitzsimmons , Dulai Sukhdeep , Bailey Allan L.
Published: June 2023

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common cause of premature osteoarthritis. This osteoarthritis can be prevented if DDH is detected by ultrasound and treated in infancy, but universal DDH screening is generally not cost-effective due to the need for experts to perform the scans. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of having non-expert primary care clinic staff perform DDH ultrasound using handheld ultrasound with artificial intelligence (AI) decision support. We performed an implementation study evaluating the FDA-cleared MEDO-Hip AI app interpreting cine-sweep images obtained from handheld Philips Lumify probe to detect DDH. Initial scans were done by nurses or family physicians in 3 primary care clinics, trained by video, powerpoint slides and brief in-person. When the AI app recommended follow-up (FU), we first performed internal FU by a sonographer using the AI app; cases still considered abnormal by AI were referred to pediatric orthopedic clinic for assessment. We performed 369 scans in 306 infants. Internal FU rates were initially 40% for nurses and 20% for physicians, declining steeply to 14% after ~ 60 cases/site: 4% technical failure, 8% normal at sonographer FU using AI, and 2% confirmed DDH. Of 6 infants referred to pediatric orthopedic clinic, all were treated for DDH (100% specificity); 4 had no risk factors and may not have otherwise been identified. Real-time AI decision support and a simplified portable ultrasound protocol enabled lightly trained primary care clinic staff to perform hip dysplasia screening with FU and case detection rates similar to costly formal ultrasound screening, where the US scan is performed by a sonographer and interpreted by a radiologist/orthopedic surgeon. This highlights the potential utility of AI-supported portable ultrasound in primary care.
Statistical evaluation of character support reveals the instability of higher-level dinosaur phylogeny
Authors: Černý David , Simonoff Ashley L.
Published: June 2023

The interrelationships of the three major dinosaur clades (Theropoda, Sauropodomorpha, and Ornithischia) have come under increased scrutiny following the recovery of conflicting phylogenies by a large new character matrix and its extensively modified revision. Here, we use tools derived from recent phylogenomic studies to investigate the strength and causes of this conflict. Using maximum likelihood as an overarching framework, we examine the global support for alternative hypotheses as well as the distribution of phylogenetic signal among individual characters in both the original and rescored dataset. We find the three possible ways of resolving the relationships among the main dinosaur lineages (Saurischia, Ornithischiformes, and Ornithoscelida) to be statistically indistinguishable and supported by nearly equal numbers of characters in both matrices. While the changes made to the revised matrix increased the mean phylogenetic signal of individual characters, this amplified rather than reduced their conflict, resulting in greater sensitivity to character removal or coding changes and little overall improvement in the ability to discriminate between alternative topologies. We conclude that early dinosaur relationships are unlikely to be resolved without fundamental changes to both the quality of available datasets and the techniques used to analyze them.
Designed α-sheet peptides disrupt uropathogenic E. coli biofilms rendering bacteria susceptible to antibiotics and immune cells
Authors: Bleem Alissa , Prosswimmer Tatum , Chen Ruying , Hady Thomas F. , Li Jinzheng , Bryers James D. , Daggett Valerie
Published: June 2023

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli account for the largest proportion of nosocomial infections in the United States. Nosocomial infections are a major source of increased costs and treatment complications. Many infections are biofilm associated, rendering antibiotic treatments ineffective or cause additional complications (e.g., microbiome depletion). This work presents a potentially complementary non-antibiotic strategy to fight nosocomial infections by inhibiting the formation of amyloid fibrils, a proteinaceous structural reinforcement known as curli in E. coli biofilms. Despite extensive characterization of the fibrils themselves and their associated secretion system, mechanistic details of curli assembly in vivo remain unclear. We hypothesized that, like other amyloid fibrils, curli polymerization involves a unique secondary structure termed “α-sheet”. Biophysical studies herein confirmed the presence of α-sheet structure in prefibrillar species of CsgA, the major component of curli, as it aggregated. Binding of synthetic α-sheet peptides to the soluble α-sheet prefibrillar species inhibited CsgA aggregation in vitro and suppressed amyloid fibril formation in biofilms. Application of synthetic α-sheet peptides also enhanced antibiotic susceptibility and dispersed biofilm-resident bacteria for improved uptake by phagocytic cells. The ability of synthetic α-sheet peptides to reduce biofilm formation, improve antibiotic susceptibility, and enhance clearance by macrophages has broad implications for combating biofilm-associated infections.
Association of physical activity with increased PI3K and Akt mRNA levels in adipose tissues of obese and non-obese adults
Authors: Montazeri Marzieh , Zarkesh Maryam , Zadeh-Vakili Azita , Khalili Davood , Movahedi Monireh , Khalaj Alireza
Published: June 2023

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. We examined the association of PI3K and Akt expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with daily physical activity (PA) in non-diabetic obese and non-obese adults. In this cross-sectional study, we included 105 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 71 non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) subjects (aged/ ≥ 18 years). PA was measured using a valid and reliable International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)-long-form, and the metabolic equivalent of task(MET) was calculated. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA relative expression. VAT PI3K expression had a lower level in obese compared to non-obese (P = 0.015), while its expression was higher in active individuals than inactive ones (P = 0.029). SAT PI3K expression was increased in active individuals compared to inactive ones (P = 0.031). There was a rise in VAT Akt expression in the actives compared to the inactive participants (P = 0.037) and in non-obese/active compared to non-obese/inactive individuals (P = 0.026). Obese individuals had a decreased expression level of SAT Akt compared to non-obsesses (P = 0.005). VAT PI3K was directly and significantly associated with PA in obsesses (β = 1.457, P = 0.015). Positive association between PI3K and PA suggests beneficial effects of PA for obese individuals that can be partly described by PI3K/Akt pathway acceleration in adipose tissue.
Analysis and design of holographic magnetic metasurfaces in the very near field for sensing applications at quasi-static regime
Authors: Falchi Martina , Rotundo Sabrina , Brizi Danilo , Monorchio Agostino
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we present a novel low-frequency sensing solution based on the manipulation of the near-field distribution by employing a passive holographic magnetic metasurface, excited by an active RF coil placed in its reactive region. In particular, the sensing capability is based on the interaction between the magnetic field distribution produced by the radiating system and the magneto-dielectric inhomogeneities eventually present within the material under test. We first start from conceiving the geometrical set-up of the metasurface and its driving RF coil, adopting a low operative frequency (specifically 3 MHz) to consider a quasi-static regime and able to increase the penetration depth within the sample. Afterwards, since the sensing spatial resolution and performance can be modulated by controlling the metasurface properties, the required holographic magnetic field mask, describing the ideal distribution at a specific plane, is designed. Then, the amplitude and phase of currents, flowing in each metasurface unit-cell and required to synthetize the field mask, are determined through an optimization technique. Next, the capacitive loads necessary to accomplish the planned behavior are retrieved, by exploiting the metasurface impedance matrix. Finally, experimental measurements conducted on fabricated prototypes validated the numerical results, confirming the efficacy of the proposed approach to detect inhomogeneities in a medium with a magnetic inclusion in a non-destructive manner. The findings show that holographic magnetic metasurfaces operating in the quasi-static regime can be successfully employed for non-destructive sensing, both in industrial and biomedical fields, despite the extremely low frequencies.
A novel PID controller for pressure control of artificial ventilator using optimal rule based fuzzy inference system with RCTO algorithm
Authors: Acharya Debasis , Das Dushmanta Kumar
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the pressure tracking response of an artificial ventilator system, a novel proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is designed in the present work by utilizing an optimal rule-based fuzzy inference system (FIS) with a reshaped class-topper optimization algorithm (RCTO), which is named as (Fuzzy-PID). Firstly, a patient-hose blower-driven artificial ventilator model is considered, and the transfer function model is established. The ventilator is assumed to operate in pressure control mode. Then, a fuzzy-PID control structure is formulated such that the error and change in error between the desired airway pressure and actual airway pressure of the ventilator are set as inputs to the FIS. The gains of the PID controller (proportional gain, derivative gain, and integral gain) are set as outputs of the FIS. A reshaped class topper optimization algorithm (RCTO) is developed to optimize rules of the FIS to establish optimal coordination among the input and output variables of the FIS. Finally, the optimized Fuzzy-PID controller is examined for the ventilator under different scenarios such as parametric uncertainties, external disturbances, sensor noise, and a time-varying breathing pattern. In addition, the stability analysis of the system is carried out using the Nyquist stability method, and the sensitivity of the optimal Fuzzy-PID is examined for different blower parameters. The simulation results showed satisfactory results in terms of peak time, overshoot, and settling time for all cases, which were also compared with existing results. It is observed in the simulation results that the overshoot in the pressure profile is improved by 16% with the proposed optimal rule based fuzzy-PID as compared with randomly selected rules for the system. Settling time and peak time are also improved 60–80% compared to the existing method. The control signal generated by the proposed controller is also improved in magnitude by 80–90% compared to the existing method. With a lower magnitude, the control signal can also avoid actuator saturation problems.
Introduction to Magnetorheological Fluids
Authors: Morillas J. R. , de Vicente J.
Published: June 2023

Magnetorheological fluids are multiphase magnetizable suspensions with magnetic field-controllable mechanical properties. In this introductory chapter we revisit the physics behind the rheological response of these particular materials making special emphasis on the influence of magnetostatic and hydrodynamic forces.
Influence of Friction on Magnetorheological Effect
Authors: Ouyang Chuke , Jiang Jile , Shan Lei , Jia Wenpeng , Meng Yonggang , Tian Yu
Published: June 2023

The magnetorheological effect (MR effect) used to be believed to be dominated by magnetic dipole interactions among carbonyl iron particles. In this chapter, friction as an important factor is introduced in the MR effect. The shear history effect of MR fluids was ascribed to not yet relaxed pre-formed chain/column structure. At certain conditions, the stick-slip effect in MR fluids could be found, which is similar to the general observation in general sliding friction. The influence on rheology of MR fluids from the lubrication performances of the carrier fluid was fully demonstrated. A better lubrication of base oil usually led to a decreased shear strength of the MR fluid under the same field strength. The ‘cross point’ of the damping factor (tan δ) of the MRF was found, which suggested two kinds of friction influencing MR effects. The shear thickening of the MR fluid and its tribological mechanism was also introduced. All these results clearly indicated that friction played important roles in the magnetorheology by affecting the force transmission at the particle–particle interface and particle–electrode interface.
Application of Magnetic Colloids in Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Rivera-Llabres V. , Gentry K. , Rinaldi-Ramos C. M.
Published: June 2023

Magnetic colloids have been used for numerous biomedical applications including drug delivery, thermal cancer treatment, imaging contrast agents, cell labeling and separations and in regenerative medicine. Recent efforts have sought to tackle pressing challenges in regenerative medicine by incorporating magnetic colloids into hydrogel matrices, resulting in magnetic hydrogels. The inclusion of magnetic colloids in the hydrogel matrix imparts remote actuation capability and magnetically tunable and anisotropic mechanical properties. In this chapter we discuss the use of magnetic nanoparticles as components of magnetic hydrogels or as sacrificial templates for patterning hydrogels, and we review recent regenerative medicine applications of such hydrogels in nerve, tendon, bone, cartilage and muscle tissue engineering and in stem cell culture.
Ginsenosides can target brain-derived neurotrophic factor to improve Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ding Yingying , Botchway Benson O. A. , Zhang Yong , Liu Xuehong
Published: June 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease (ND).
A comprehensive and high-throughput screening method for multiple prohibited substances by UPLC-QE Plus-HRMS and HPLC-QQQ-MS in human urine for doping control
Authors: Liu Yunxi , Dong Tianyu , Yan Kuan , Wang Zhanliang , He Genye , Zhang Yufeng , Ma Congcong , Liu Lu , Chang Wei , Zhang Lisi
Published: June 2023

A newly combined, comprehensive, rapid and high-throughput doping control screening method for the analysis of 350 substances with different polarities in human urine using UPLC-QE Plus-HRMS and UPLC-QQQ-MS has been developed and validated.
New molten metal catalysts for CO2and CH4conversion to 2 : 1 H2 : CO syngas
Authors: Cai Genpei , Zong Zhiyuan , Smith Kevin J. , Upham D. Chester
Published: June 2023

A new Sn–In alloy activates both CH4and CO2at similarly high rates.
Enhanced ethanol oxidation reaction of CoSeO3 by Ni-doping for water electrolysis and an innovative zinc–ethanol–air battery
Authors: Xu Zirui , Ye Yanting , Chen Zhiyi , Chen Zewei , Chen Jian , Xie Fangyan , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Meng Hui
Published: June 2023

Enhanced ethanol oxidation reaction by doping Ni into m-CoSeO3 for efficient hybrid water electrolysis and an innovative zinc–ethanol–air battery.
Substituent effects on the [1-closo-CB9H10]− anion geometry: experimental and DFT studies
Authors: Pietrzak Anna , Carr Michael J. , Kaszyński Piotr
Published: June 2023

Five new structures of the [closo-1-CB9H10]− anion substituted at the apical position(s) are reported. C(1) and B(10) apical substituents affect the {closo-1-CB9} cluster geometry in different ways, and the effect correlates with the Hammett substituent parameters.
Selectivity modulated oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with CO2 under microwave catalytic processing
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Yuxin , Robinson Brandon , Caiola Ashley , Hu Jianli
Published: June 2023

This paper presents non-oxidative and oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, aromatics, and hydrogen over CsRu/CeO2 catalysts in a microwave-heated reactor.
Oxygen vacancies stabilized Ag+to enhance the performance of an Ag/In2O3photocatalyst for non-oxidative coupling of methane
Authors: Xiao Mingquan , Wang Liang , Wang Hong , Yuan Jie , Chen Xun , Zhang Zizhong , Fu Xianzhi , Dai Wenxin
Published: June 2023

Introducing Ag+into In2O3can promote photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane.
On the use of 17O NMR for understanding molecular and silica-grafted tungsten oxo siloxide complexes
Authors: Bouhoute Y. , Grekov D. , Merle N. , Szeto K. C. , Larabi C. , Del Rosal I. , Maron L. , Delevoye L. , Gauvin R. M. , Taoufik M.
Published: June 2023

17O-labelled tungsten siloxide complexes and grafted materials were prepared and characterized by 17O MAS NMR, with input from DFT calculations. Guidelines linking 17O NMR parameters and the tungsten oxo species coordination sphere are proposed.
Goat and cow milk differ in altering the microbiota composition and neurotransmitter levels in insomnia mouse models
Authors: Mo Ling , Jing Huijuan , Du Xiaojing , Zhao Chaochao , Lin Yintao , Li Jie , Wang Hongxin
Published: June 2023

Goat milk dramatically enhanced the ability of mice to fall asleep when it was used to treat PCPA-induced insomnia, in addition to altering their fecal microbiota and neurotransmitter levels. Cow milk had a similar effect, but with less of an impact.
Blowing tough polylactide film enabled by the in situ construction of covalent adaptive networks with epoxidized soybean oil as dynamic crosslinks
Authors: Liu Yong-Bo , Xu Zhao , Zhang Zheng-Min , Bao Rui-Ying , Yang Ming-Bo , Yang Wei
Published: June 2023

PLA covalent adaptive networks with ESO as dynamic crosslinks enhance the melt strength of PLA and enable the tough PLA film by extrusion blowing, opening up a new avenue toward advanced PLA film in response to severe plastic film pollution.
High-precision, low-complexity, high-resolution microscopy-based cell sorting
Authors: Gerling Tobias , Godino Neus , Pfisterer Felix , Hupf Nina , Kirschbaum Michael
Published: June 2023

We present a low complex microfluidic approach for image-activated cell sorting based on fluorescence microscopy and dielectrophoretic cell handling. The latter allows using low flow rates, which greatly eases image acquisition and data processing.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of blue emission maleimide molecules with dual-state emission (DSE) effects
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Yamabuki Kazuhiro , Onimura Kenjiro
Published: June 2023

Maleimide derivatives are widely synthesized as luminescent materials due to their excellent structural advantages and good chemical stability.
A phosphine-based fluorescent probe for fluorescent imaging of hypochlorous acid in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Bi Sheng , Yang Taorui , An Ke , Wang Shidong , Han Yifeng
Published: June 2023

A phosphine-based fluorescent probe was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of HOCl in living cells and zebrafish.
Visualizing formation of high entropy alloy nanoparticles with liquid phase transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Sun Jiayue , Leff Asher , Li Yue , Woehl Taylor J.
Published: June 2023

High entropy alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by aqueous phase co-reduction of metal salts with thiolated polymer ligands. Liquid phase and high resolution electron microscopy reveal that the nanoparticles form by aggregative growth.
Recent progress in the synthesis of transition metal nitride catalysts and their applications in electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Zheng-Gang , Xu Hui-Min , Shuai Ting-Yu , Zhan Qi-Ni , Zhang Zhi-Jie , Huang Ke , Dai Chunlong , Li Gao-Ren
Published: June 2023

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have become usable substitutes for precious metals such as Pt and Ir in the field of electrocatalysis because of their high electrocatalytic performance, high conductivity, good corrosion resistance and stability.
Synthesis and real-time monitoring of the morphological evolution of luminescent Eu(TCPP) MOFs
Authors: Wen Xiaohui , Luo Yanju , Deng Yujia , Zeng Xiaoliang , Tian Yunfei , He Juan , Hou Xiandeng
Published: June 2023

In situ real-time monitoring of the morphological and size evolution of luminescent lanthanide metal–organic frameworks of Eu(TCPP) in liquid dielectric barrier discharge plasma.
Poly (aryl sulfone)s containing 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b] carbazole moieties in the main chain: non-conjugated blue-light-emitting materials
Authors: Su Yumiao , Li Wenmu
Published: June 2023

The substituents at the C6/C12 positions of DHIC could efficiently affect the electron cloud distribution and light-emitting performance of the DHIC derivative polymers.
Polyester networks from structurally similar monomers: recyclable-by-design and upcyclable to photopolymers
Authors: Musgrave Grant M. , Bishop Katie M. , Kim John S. , Heiner Amelia C. , Wang Chen
Published: June 2023

Recyclable network polymer is a key component of circular economy of materials. Here we demonstrate that recyclability is enhanced by introducing structural similarity in the molecular design of monomers.
Integrating high mechanical strength, excellent healing ability, and antibacterial ability into supramolecular poly(urethane–urea) elastomers by tailoring the intermolecular supramolecular interactions
Authors: Xu Yang , Xin Zhirong , Yan Shunjie , Yu Changjiang , Liu Jianyu , Yin Yanlong , Xu Peng , Zhou Rongtao , Sun Zhenlong , Qin Yusheng , Bao Chunyang
Published: June 2023

Supramolecular poly(urethane–urea) elastomers have attracted widespread bacause of their excellent mechanical properties, healing ability, and antibacterial ability.
Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Liang-Hui , Doan Thanh-Nhan , Chang Fei-Chun , To Thi-Lien , Ho Wen-Chao , Chou Li-Wei
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Voice disorders significantly impair the ability to communicate effectively and reduce the quality of life in older adults; however, its prevalence has not been well established. The aim of our research was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of voice disorders among the older population.

Method:

Five medical databases were systematically searched for studies that reported the prevalence of voice disorders in older adults. The overall prevalence was exhibited in proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) utilizing random-effects models. Heterogeneity was measured using
I
2
statistics.

Results:

Of 930 articles screened, 13 fulfilled the eligibility criteria, including 10 studies in community-based settings and three in institutionalized settings. An overall prevalence of voice disorders in older adults was estimated to be 18.79% (95% CI [16.34, 21.37],
I
2
= 96%). Subgroup analysis showed a prevalence of 33.03% (95% CI [26.85, 39.51],
I
2
= 35%) in institutionalized older adults, which was significantly higher than that in the community-based older adults with 15.2% (95% CI [12.65, 17.92],
I
2
= 92%). Some factors that influenced the reported prevalence were identified, including types of survey, the definition of voice disorders, sampling methods, and the mean age of the population among included studies.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of voice disorders in the older population depends on various factors but is relatively common in older adults. The findings of this study accentuate the necessity for researchers to standardize the protocol for reporting geriatric dysphonia as well as for older adults to express their voice-related problems so that they will receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Real‐time voltage control of electric spring in islanded condition
Authors: Panda Deepsikha , Kundu Pratim , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh
Published: June 2023

Islanded microgrid network is sensitive to voltage and frequency fluctuations which becomes more vulnerable in the presence of external disturbance and the intermittent nature of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The “Electric Spring” (ES) is one of the most effective and efficient solutions for enhancing operational flexibility and RESs integration. A Self‐Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) based Micro hydro system with ES, non‐critical and critical loads is considered. Both non‐critical and critical loads are connected in 2:1 ratio in parallel with SEIG. The concept of voltage‐sensitive and non‐sensitive loads and the “power demand following the supply” idea have been incorporated for pointing up the contribution of ES. The non‐critical load coupled with a three‐phase inverter acts like an ES and can be operated as a Smart Load (SL). SL can compensate the voltage deviation between demand‐supply side, therefore mitigating the voltage fluctuations. The effectiveness of ES in terms of voltage regulation at the point of standard coupling has been achieved which improved the overall voltage profile of the hybrid microgrid system which can be observed from various test cases. A hardware in loop microgrid experimental platform is established and its results highlight the excellent performance of the proposed method.
Trilateral control for LCL filter‐based system with single grid current sensor in weak grid
Authors: Kumari Khushboo , Jain Amit Kumar
Published: June 2023

A trilateral control for LCL filter‐based system is introduced by the authors with a single grid current sensor in weak grid conditions. The LCL filter increases the complexity when the uncertain nature of the grid comes into the picture. Moreover, the traditional three‐loop control technique requires three current sensors on the inverter side, three voltage sensors to sense voltage across the capacitor, and three current sensors on the grid side combined for sensing. A novel trilateral control technique utilising a single sensor is implemented to sense the grid current. This technique has reduced a considerable number of current sensors and voltage sensors. The α axis of grid current is proportional to sensed ‘a’ phase grid current. The β current in the utility grid is acquired by employing the controller reference quantities of the grid current. The computation of another variable, that is, the current in the inverter side inductor and the voltage across the capacitor, is executed by an estimation algorithm. The proposed technique provides the feature of reducing implementation financial value and weight that reduces the complexity and size of hardware. The synchronisation technique is executed by a modified dual second‐order generalised integrator digital phase‐locked loop for the grid‐connected converter. The implemented system offers the advantage of ease of implementation, good performance, and high stability. The validity of the proposed scheme in the implemented system is demonstrated by the simulated waveform obtained on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed system is further justified by the experimental waveform procured from a prototype developed in the laboratory.
Multi-point aero-structural design optimization of wings considering drag-divergence constraints
Authors: ZHANG Yu , BAI Junqiang , QU Feng
Published: June 2023

Considering the drag-divergence performance as a constraint, this paper presents a multi-point aero-structural design optimization of wings on a wing-body-tail-engine configuration of long-range dual-aisle civil aircraft by using a gradient-based method based on the discrete adjoint method. Firstly, the accuracy of the coupled aero-structural analysis method used in this paper was validated with DLR-F6 wing-body configuration. Then a wing aero-structural design optimization based on a dual-aisle civil aircraft is offered. The drag coefficient of the optimized configuration in every state decreased, which was reduced by 13.67 counts at the cruise condition, the difference in drag coefficient from Mach 0.85 to Mach 0.87 was decreased from 28.52 counts to 18.98 counts, indicating its drag-divergence performance has been improved undoubtedly. Finally, we compared the performance among the multi-point aero-structural optimized configuration, the single-point aerodynamic optimized configuration and the single-point structural optimized configuration. The results show that the multi-point aero-structural design optimization considering drag-divergence performance has great potential to gain a design configuration with better comprehensive and practical performance compared with a single-point optimization in a single discipline.
Reliability analysis of flap deflection angle based on collaborative intelligent moving Kriging model
Authors: LIU Lei , TENG Da , FENG Yunwen
Published: June 2023

To effectively monitor the reliability of civil aircraft flap deflection angle, combined with the quick access recorder(QAR), the collaborative intelligent moving Kriging(CIMK) method is proposed by absorbing the Kriging model, decomposition and co-ordination strategy, equilibrium optimizer(EO), and moving least square(MLS). Among them, the decomposition coordination strategy is used to deal with the relationship between the flaps left and right deflection angles. MLS is employed to select effective modeling samples and solve the undetermined coefficients of Kriging model. EO method is applied to determine optimizing the local compact support region radius of MLS. Firstly, the fault reason for flap left-right asymmetry is analyzed to clarify the main characteristic parameters in QAR data. Secondly, combined with the QAR data of relevant influencing parameters, the civil aircraft flap deflection model(limit state function) is constructed by using CIMK. Then, the reliability and influence of civil aircraft flap deflection angle are analyzed by Monte Carlo(MC) sampling method. The results show that when the flap deflection angle is 3°, the reliability is 0.450 2, and the important factors affecting the flap deflection angle are Mach number, left angle of attack, right angle of attack, etc. Compared with the response surface method(RSM), Kriging, support vector machine(SVM), and back-propagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN), the average absolute error accuracy of the proposed method is relative improved by 53.02%, 51.43%, 49.03%, and 44.04%, the average relative error accuracy is relative improved by 68.36%, 66.76%, 64.41%, and 62.64%, and the modeling efficiency is relative improved by 50.62%, 26.35%, and 43.01% respectively compared with Kriging, SVM and BP-ANN. When the number of simulations is 103, the analysis accuracy is relative improved by 8.82%, 7.25%, 6.22%, and 3.98% respectively.
Study on sinusoidal estimation deviation of electrostatic actuated MEMS mirror torsion angle
Authors: LI Jingang , HE Ye , YUAN Shijun , QIAO Dayong , YU Deshui , LI Zhiyuan
Published: June 2023

Electrostatic MEMS micromirrors usually work in resonant state to obtain large amplitude of torsion angle. The real-time prediction of MEMS micromirror torsion angle is calculated according to the measured resonant amplitude and phase under the assumption that the relationship between the torsion angle and time is sinusoidal. However, there are few reports on the deviation of this torsion angle predication based on sinusoidal assumption. In this paper, the real resonant torsion trajectory of C1100 MEMS micromirror under different driving frequencies and voltages is measured by using microscopic laser Doppler method, and the deviation between the real trajectory and the trajectory fitted by sinusoidal curve is compared. The results show that the real trajectory of the MEMS micromirror driven by square wave is not completely consistent with the sinusoidal estimation, and the deviation increases with the increase of the torsional angle amplitude. By obtaining the frequency domain components of the torsion angle signal using FFT method, the main reason of this prediction deviation is due to composition of harmonic signals on base frequency signal. The research results reveal that the sinusoidal assumption method is only suitable for situations when the optical angle accuracy is less than 0.1°.
A novel bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale transfer symbolic dynamic entropy and support vector machine
Authors: YU Guangwei , YAN Li
Published: June 2023

In view of the problem that the generalization ability of traditional data-driven fault diagnosis model declines or even fails in mechanical system diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale transfer symbolic dynamic entropy and support vector machine is proposed based on the idea of transfer learning. Firstly, multi-scale symbolic dynamic entropy is used to extract fault features from measured vibration signals. And then a feature projection technique based on transfer learning is proposed, which reduces the data distribution difference. Secondly, the parameters of the multi-scale transfer symbol dynamic entropy method are optimized to improve the final fault identification rate. Then, the support vector machine can implement the fault identification. Finally, through the test of bearing fault experimental signals, the rolling bearing diagnosis method based on multi-scale transfer symbol dynamic entropy can effectively improve the generalization ability of data-driven model and realize accurate identification of different fault types of rolling bearing under a small number of samples.
Study on coupling characteristics of supersonic inlet and pulse detonation combustor
Authors: MA Xiaomin , LI Qing'an , ZHANG Yonghui , FAN Wei
Published: June 2023

Coupling model for two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with Mach number of 2.5 at design point and pulse detonation combustor was established, and three working schemes were designed to investigate multi cycle working process by using unsteady numerical simulation with chemical reaction. The results show that the following two measurements can both restrain the back-propagating compression wave and broaden the stability margin of the inlet and increase the frequency, one of which is the pressure relief at the outlet of the combustor, the other is valve at the inlet of the combustor. Nevertheless, the former will lose thrust, while the latter can greatly increase thrust. Meanwhile, the valve will reflect the compression wave in the production; increase the turbulence in the combustor, and make the gas entrained into the diffuser section of the inlet at the moment of opening the valve. However, the reflected compression wave in the hot production will not affect the velocity and shape of the detonation wave. Furthermore, in the period of detonation wave initiation and propagation, the blockage ratio of physical obstructions at the inlet of the combustor should be expanded as much as possible. At the same time, the flow at the outlet of the inlet should not be blocked to increase the flow resistance.
Kinder sind unsere Zukunft, aber …
Authors: Kraft Karin
Published: June 2023

Während ich diese Zeilen schreibe, hat gerade eine Diskussion des Deutschen
Bundestags um ein Sondervermögen für Bildung mit einem Volumen von
100 Milliarden Euro begonnen. Man darf gespannt sein, ob bei Erscheinen dieses
Heftes noch darüber gesprochen wird oder vielleicht sogar gehandelt wurde,
schließlich ist der Bildungsbereich bekanntlich seit Jahrzehnten
unterfinanziert. Eine mögliche Erklärung bietet die Entwicklung der
Bevölkerung. Das Statistische Bundesamt (Destatis) teilte am 31. Mai 2022
mit, dass der Anteil der Kinder und Jugendlichen bis 18 Jahre an der
Bevölkerung Anfang 2021 lediglich 12,9% betrug. Andererseits werden
nach derzeitigen Schätzungen im Jahr 2030 ca. 27,6% der
Gesamtbevölkerung über 65 Jahre alt sein. Eine derartige Entwicklung
sollte alle zur Wachsamkeit gegenüber gerontokratischen Tendenzen, die
ihrerseits den Adultismus, d. h. die bewusste Vernachlässigung der
Interessen der Minderjährigen begünstigen, aufrufen.
Dynamic Patterns and Persistence of Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yoon Dongwon , Jeong Han Eol , Choi Songhwa , Shin Ju-Young , Bang Soo-Mee
Published: June 2023

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. However, the comprehensive utilization of anticoagulation therapy in patients with VTE, especially regarding active cancer, in real-world practice remains unclear.

Objective To describe the prescription, persistence, and patterns of anticoagulation therapy among patients with VTE stratified according to active cancer.

Methods Using Korean nationwide claims data, we identified an incident, treatment-naïve cohort of patients with VTE from 2013 to 2019 and classified them according to the presence/absence of active cancer. We explored the secular trends, treatment patterns (e.g., discontinuation, interruption, and switch), and persistence of anticoagulation therapy.

Results There were 48,504 and 7,255 patients without and with active cancer, respectively. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were the most common anticoagulant in both groups (65.1 and 57.9%, respectively). The prescription of NOACs increased steeply over time, regardless of active cancer, whereas parenteral anticoagulants (PACs) plateaued and warfarin decreased sharply. A heterogeneous pattern was observed between the groups without and with active cancer (3-month persistence was 60.8, 62.9, 57.2, and 3.4%, respectively; 6-month persistence was 42.3, 33.5, 25.9, and 1.2% vs. 9.9%). Median durations of continuous anticoagulant therapy for warfarin, NOAC, and PAC were 183, 147, and 3 days in nonactive cancer patients, and 121, 117, and 44 days in active cancer patients.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that there were substantial differences in persistence, patterns, and patient characteristics of anticoagulant therapy based on index anticoagulant and active cancer.
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Increasing Maternal Obesity
Authors: Addicott Katherine , Nudelman Matthew , Putty Krista , Prasher Priya , Preston Deborah , Yoost Jennie L , DeFruscio Annie , Bartlett David , Cavender Catherine , Carter Meagen , Datz Hannah , Rodriquez Kayla , Werthammer Joseph
Published: June 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine adverse perinatal outcomes related to maternal preconception body mass index (BMI).

Study Design This is a retrospective observational cohort study at a single institution of 500 consecutive mothers of normal weight with a preconception BMI of 18.5 to less than 25 and 500 additional obese mothers with a preconception BMI more than or equal to 30. Maternal/newborn metrics were stratified by maternal preconception BMI and trend analysis was performed both by simple univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results The study included 858 mother/baby dyads after 142 were excluded. Trend analysis demonstrated higher preconception BMI was significantly associated with progressively higher rates of cesarean section (p < 0.001), preeclampsia p < 0.001), gestational diabetes (p < 0.001), preterm birth (p = 0.001), lower 1- and 5 minutes Apgar scores (p < 0.001), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.002). These associations remained significant in both simple univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Conclusion We demonstrated obese women are more likely to have maternal complications and neonatal morbidity when compared with normal weight mothers. Maternal and fetal complications increase with increasing obesity with superobese mothers (BMI ≥ 50) having more perinatal adverse outcomes when compared with other classes of obesity. It is reasonable to counsel weight loss prior to conception of women with BMI more than or equal to 30 in an effort to reduce maternal complications and neonatal morbidity related to pregnancy.

Key Points
Sulfoximines as S-Aryl Surrogates: A Photocatalytic Rapid, Metal-Free, Mild Protocol to Access 3-Arylsulfenyl Indoles
Authors: Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Priya V R Padma , Mercy A Antony Haritha , Natarajan K
Published: June 2023

Sulfoximines as S-aryl surrogates permit the preparation of 3-arylsulfenylindoles through reaction with indoles in the presence of I2 under visible-light irradiation. This environmentally friendly approach is fast, mild, metal-, photocatalyst-, additive-, and oxidant-free, and it provides the desired products in moderate to good yields with a wide substrate scope.
Medical Students' Syndrome among Medical Students in the University of Sharjah, UAE
Authors: Abdullah Saud Hilmi , Ahmed Ahmed Ehab , Algebail Homam Galal Eldin , Fatooh Ahmed , Ismail Laila Nour Aldeen , Radwan Nada Khaled , Sakan Nour Bade , Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
Published: June 2023

Background Medical students' syndrome (MSS) is a set of psychosomatic symptoms that affect students due to their medical background knowledge.

Objectives This study aims to measure the prevalence and assess the knowledge about MSS among medical students at the University of Sharjah. It also aims to compare the attributed characteristics of MSS between different years of study.

Methods A self-administered 24-item questionnaire was distributed to 503 students enrolled in the College of Medicine at University of Sharjah using nonprobability convenience sampling during June 2021. A total of 472 responses were completed and analyzed using descriptive studies and chi-squared test.

Results The prevalence of MSS in this study was found to be 70.8% (n = 334). Clinical year students were 1.75 times more likely to have felt they had a disease they studied about (95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.90, p = 0.03).

Conclusion Medical students are more likely to experience MSS as their education progresses.
Toluidine Blue Stain as a Rapid Onsite Tool for Preliminary Diagnosis in Imprint Smears of Bronchoscopic Biopsy: A Cytohistopathological Correlation
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek , Bhattacharya Riju , Panda Joyshree , Chakrabarty Debashis
Published: June 2023

Introduction Lung cancer is currently the most common cause of cancer-related mortality, with 11.4% of cancers and 18% of cancer-related deaths worldwide whereas Indian figures are 6.9 and 9.3%, respectively. Hence, the need for early diagnosis. Bronchial biopsy has the highest sensitivity among all the samples that can be obtained by bronchoscopic techniques in case of endobronchial lesions. Imprint cytology has emerged as an important cytological method. Toluidine blue has been studied for its use as rapid onsite stain for cytological evaluation on various samples of cytology in different anatomic sites. This has helped in quick and less expensive, preliminary reporting.

Objectives This article aims to assess the efficacy of onsite toluidine blue stain on imprint smears of bronchoscopic biopsies to diagnose malignancy in suspected cases of lung carcinoma.

Study Type Prospective study on accuracy of a diagnostic test.

Materials and Methods A total of 100 cases of bronchoscopy were included in the study. The patients were clinico-radiologically suspected to have brochogenic carcinoma and all of them were subjected to biopsy. Imprint smears were prepared from the bronchoscopy biopsy specimens. Smears were stained onsite with toluidine blue stain, and histopathology sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, also confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Results Sensitivity and specificity of onsite toluidine blue stain for malignancy reporting were 97.9 and 80%, respectively, when compared to histopathology as standard.

Conclusion Toluidine blue can be used as an onsite staining method on imprint smears of bronchoscopic biopsy for preliminary detection of lung malignancy.
Explosive behavoir: Characterizing the freeze-out assumption in post-detonation explosive reactions
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive framework of post-detonation reactions combines several different physics to shed light on freeze-out assumptions and helps guide temperature selection for future explosion experiments.