bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of FOC based speed control for an E-Rickshaw brushless DC drive
Authors: Prem Prasanna T. J. , Anikhindi Devavrat Shyam , Afzal Ahamed S. , Ashok B. , Raja Singh R.
Published: August 2020

This paper describes an approach to implement Field Oriented Control (FOC) using PID Controller for a brushless direct control (BLDC) motor. The research proposes reduction in total harmonic distortion of the supply current using space vector pulse width modulation technique. Minimization of total harmonic distortion becomes mandatory for a smooth operation in electric vehicle applications. As the harmonics are generated in the supply current, caused by non-linear load in E-Rickshaw. The lower, the value of total harmonic distortion givers better performance of the motor when operated under light load. Here the different strategies employed for controlling BLDC motor speed is analyzed and compared. It also proved that the space vector pulse width modulation technique improves the reliability due to the balanced switching frequency achieved from the solid-state switches in the inverter. Through simulating, the proposed control strategy is analyzed and compared with the existing techniques results in smooth change in current during sudden loading, which improves system performance and as a result the torque ripple gets minimized. The comparative study was made in the Matlab/Simulink 2019b, by designing the mathematical model of motor, inverter and the switching sequence, and the max-min algorithm for the SVPWM.
Development of Automatic Tube Oil Skimmer
Authors: Vignesh T , Bhuvaneswari M , Manojkumar S. , Kishore S. , Bommuraj N.
Published: August 2020

The paper work represent the removing oil from the water which is wasted from the machines. The machines get more heated while running, oil and water is used to cool the machine. This investigations is removing oil from water surface is done by skimmer. The oil skimmer is having tube under different operation condition (thickness of oil film, temperature of oil, rotational speed of tube, water PH, oil tube and tube material tube). The oil skimmer has floating tube with fixed length, flexible and discrete segmented model. The design of the wheel according to the tube size and tube length is fixed according to the tank size. Wheel is connected with the belt which is immersed in the oil and water mixer tank. While running the pulley wheel belt is coming upper, the wiper is attached in the frame. Wiper removes the oil coming from the belt. This method is most efficient method to solve the human fatigue and cost effective method.
Colonialism, Crime, and Social Control
Authors: Saleh-Hanna Viviane
Published: August 2020

Crime is a distinctly European concept that was institutionalized into the criminal justice system through the penal code, created in the 1700s by founding theorists of criminology’s classical school of thought. In practice, crime is a concept that limits what can be defined as harmful and violent. Written at the height of Europe’s genocidal colonial wars and chattel slavery, the penal code excluded, and continues to exclude mass atrocities and violations committed through these institutions. Since criminal justice institutions were birthed through and spread by Western Europe’s colonial wars around the globe, the study of colonialism, crime, and social control requires a re-evaluation of the pillars of Western European thought and the peculiar colonizing economies and punitive praxis that produced the criminal justice system. Through an anticolonial, genealogical framework scholars and researchers can better locate criminal justice institutions, practices, and concepts within their colonial contexts, allowing for a more thorough understanding of how history, power, politics, and economy shape crime and practice social control in the 21st century.

At the core of an anticolonial study of crime and social control is an understanding that Europe’s crime-concept depends upon institutionalized constructions of dangerousness for colonized people and nations, and lack thereof, for colonizing people and nations. Dangerousness, as defined by colonial renditions of race, gender, sexuality, ability, class, nation, and so forth, anchors the cultural and implemented processes of criminalization; as a result, proper and comprehensive deconstructions of colonizing definitions of dangerousness require an intersectional understanding of power and oppression. Therefore, an effective framework for the study of colonialism, crime, and social control necessitates a re-evaluation and re-articulation of the following questions: what is colonialism?; what is crime?; what is colonial social control?; and what is criminology’s relationship to colonialism?
Evidence-Based Practices for Teaching Learners with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Whitley Jessica
Published: August 2020

Students identified with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) comprise a diverse group in terms of academic, social, emotional, and behavioral strengths and needs. Identification and diagnostic criteria and terminologies vary widely across and within many countries and school systems, resulting in a complex research base. Estimates of prevalence range from 4 to 15% of students meeting criteria for an emotional and/or behavioral disorder or difficulty. Approaches to teaching learners with E/BD have shifted since the turn of the 21st century from an individual, deficit-focused perspective to a more ecological framework where the environments interacting dynamically with the learner are considered. Research increasingly demonstrates the benefits of multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) where the needs of most students can be met through universal preventative and whole-class approaches. Students who do not find success at the first level of supports receive increasingly specialized services including intensive, wraparound services that involve partners beyond school walls. MTSS are common across North America and beyond and are typically focused on externalizing behaviors; positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) is the most prevalent multi-tiered system currently being implemented. Since the mid-2000s, efforts have been made to focus on academic as well as behavioral goals for students, often through the inclusion of response-to-intervention approaches. Comprehensive strategies that combine academic and behavioral support while drawing on learner strengths and relationship-building are successfully being adopted in elementary and secondary settings. Approaches include social and emotional learning, mindfulness, peer-assisted learning, and a range of classroom-based instructional and assessment practices that support the academic, social, and emotional development of students with E/BD.
Effective Practices for Teaching Self-Determination
Authors: Zhang Dalun , Li Yi-Fan , Cavazos Melina
Published: August 2020

Self-determination refers to a set of skills that helps individuals with disabilities control their life and achieve better inclusive outcomes. In special education, self-determination is often conceptualized as an educational outcome, which recognizes the important role that education plays in the development of student self-determination skills. Consequently, a number of educational practices have been developed to teach students with disabilities these essential skills. Some of the practices focus on helping students to acquire and maintain these skills; others focus on developing a conducive environment that allows and encourages individuals with disabilities to apply and exercise self-determination skills.

Research has provided empirical evidence to support the need for teaching self-determination skills to students with disabilities. A number of evidence-based practices have been recommended for schools and parents to use in teaching these skills to students with disabilities. Some of the strategies focus on creating conducive environments that provide opportunities for individuals with disabilities to apply and exercise self-determination skills; others provide suggestions to families regarding what they can do to promote self-determination. A particular focus is on instructional practices because of the strong link between education and self-determination. Some popular instructional practices include teaching choice-making, self-management instruction, involving students in the transition planning process, and teaching self-determination skills through a self-determination curriculum such as the ChoiceMaker Curriculum, Steps to Self-Determination, Whose Future Is It Anyway?, Next S.T.E.P. Curriculum, Self-Advocacy Strategy, and Self-Determined Learning Model for Instruction (SDMLI).
Inclusion and Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Armstrong Ann Cheryl , Armstrong Derrick
Published: August 2020

The Pacific island countries occupy over 1000 islands in the world’s largest ocean. Their histories and traditions have created bonds between nations that run deep in the cultures of the region. Yet, across this vast ocean, the cultures of the region also differ significantly. The introduction of Western forms of education have often ignored these cultures. Currently, “inclusive education” programs are being promoted in the region, particularly by outside agencies and funding bodies. The disability-inclusion model that underpins many of these initiatives comes from outside the region, and attempts to engage with the cultures of the region in promoting these initiatives have tended to be very limited. Often the initiatives promote an agenda that draws its direction and purpose from the donor countries rather than those of aid-recipient countries. Interaction between cultures over different perspectives and priorities is very healthy but the process of implementation can also easily be detached from the experience and worldviews of the recipients of these programs. Engaging with cultures and the social experience of the citizens of the island countries of the Pacific should be the starting point for the development of educational policy and practice so that the disempowerment of external imposition is avoided. In this chapter we argue that the inclusive education narrative of the Pacific island countries is often subsumed by, and therefore becomes ‘lost’ within, the broader context of the Asia-Pacific which is much larger and includes the world’s most populous countries. We conclude by advocating that research needs to be conducted on issues and cultures in the Pacific region that can contribute to the development of more meaningful and contextual approaches to inclusive education.
Teaching International Relations Theory in Introductory Global Politics Courses
Authors: Frueh Jamie , Youde Jeremy
Published: August 2020

Theory can be a controversial element of an Introduction to International Relations (IR) course. Many undergraduate students have not been trained to think theoretically, and as a result many instructors find the abstract elements of IR theory difficult to teach, especially to students who lack the motivation provided by plans to major in political science or IR. But learning to think theoretically and to understand IR theory specifically is a valuable exercise for undergraduate students, particularly for nonmajors. Whether or not one believes IR theory to be good in and of itself, studying theory is a critical component of a complete liberal education, one that prepares students to be engaged global citizens. In addition to exploring effective ways to teach particular theories, instructors should work on making sense of the purpose of studying IR theory in ways that resonate with students. Learning IR theory requires students to think theoretically, something familiar to all who have survived the gauntlet of a doctoral program. Teaching students to think theoretically requires instructors, first, to empathize with the limited experience most undergraduate students have with academic theory, and second, to build learning environments that engage and authorize students as theoreticians. Utilizing active learning techniques and thoughtful assessment exercises, instructors can create environments more conducive to learning IR theory while engaging students in areas and media to which they are already connected. This approach to teaching requires adventurousness in the classroom and broader discussions about how to teach IR in general.
Ethnographic Explorations of Intellectual Property
Authors: Coombe Rosemary J. , Chapman Susannah
Published: August 2020

Ethnographic research into intellectual property (IP) gained traction in the mid-1990s. During this period international trade agreements mandated that all states introduce minimum IP protections, property rights in intangible goods were expanded to encompass new subject areas, international Indigenous Peoples’ human rights were being negotiated, and protecting biodiversity became a global policy concern. Anthropologists considered IP extension in terms of the processes of commodification the law enabled, the cultural incommensurability of the law’s presuppositions in various societies, the implications of these rights for disciplinary research and publication ethics, and the modes of subjectification and territorialization that the enforcement of such laws engendered. Recognizing that IP clearly constrains and shapes the circulation of goods through the privatization of significant resources, critical anthropological examinations of Western liberal legal binary distinctions between public and private goods also revealed the forms of dispossession enabled by presuming a singular cultural commons. Anthropologists showed the diversity of publics constituted through authorized and unauthorized reproduction and circulation of cultural goods, exploring the management of intangible cultural goods in a variety of moral economies as well as the construction and translation of tradition in new policy arenas. The intersection of IP and human rights also prompted greater disciplinary reflexivity with respect to research ethics and publication practices. Analyzing how IP protections are legitimated and the activities that their enforcement delegitimizes, ethnography illustrated how the law creates privileged and abject subjectivities, reconfigures affective relationships between people and places, and produces zones of policing and discipline in processes of territorialization.
The Revolt of the Enteados and Tailors in Bahia, 1798
Authors: Valim Patrícia
Published: August 2020

The 1798 revolt of the enteados and tailors in Bahia, also called the 1798 Conjuração Baiana (the Bahian conspiracy) in the historiography, was a movement of political contestation which occurred in two phases between 1796 and 1800 and involved all parts of soteropolitana society at the time. During the investigations carried out by two Desembargadores (appellant judges) from the Tribunal da Relação (appeals court) of Bahia, a group of powerful rich men, called the “corporation of the enteados,” “handed over slaves” to the courts to escape being accused of participating in the “planned revolt.” This episode shows that the resurgence of the colonial pact contained in the modernizing reforms of Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho triggered an awareness of colonial exploitation, causing the upper sectors of Soteropolitana society to demand at the end of the 18th century the enrooting of their economic interests and the maintenance of their privileges threatened by the possibility of the end of monopolies, majorats, a change in the manner of selling positions in the treasury and the courts, and the maintenance of the extension of tithe contracts for Portuguese merchants.

After a programmatic alliance with armed groups in the captaincy of Bahia, the middle and upper sectors of the Partido da Liberdade sparked the movement into life with handwritten pamphlets exploiting the two principal fears on the horizon of expectations of the Portuguese Crown in that conflictual fin de siècle: the mirage of free trade and a French invasion. After the beginning of the devassas (inquiry) to investigate the authorship of the pamphlets and discover the movement’s participants, its upper-class members retreated, handed over their slaves to justice, and formulated the principal evidence that had men from middle sectors condemned to death. The hanging in the public square of those condemned for the revolt of the enteados and the tailors, the 1798Conjuração Baiana (The Bahian Conspiracy), is paradigmatic, since the winning political project that emerged was a conservative one, as the Portuguese Crown carried out a series of compromise solutions with the corporation of the enteados, guaranteeing the internalization of their interests and the maintenance of their privileges, which made them the dominant sector in that society, fundamental for allowing Portuguese monarchical power to continue to govern the conflict within dominant sectors in the principal colony.
magic, Roman
Authors: Gordon Richard
Published: August 2020

Roman religion has conventionally been understood as a civic or “polis” religion in which the population performed the same rituals, attended the same festivals, and believed in the same divinities, an image conveyed by the extant Roman historians (including the Greek Polybius) and the antiquarian tradition. This convention has successfully obscured the fact that the range of religious activities in the City, to say nothing of the surrounding areas of central Italy, was in reality always far wider. More neutrally, we may view the religious field at Rome as a site of constant, if intermittent, conflict over effective means of relating to the other world and the legitimate use of religious knowledge, conflict that parallels in a different key the disputes over proper religious observance that took place within the ruling elite itself and its various priestly colleges. If the larger category of dismissal was superstition, the narrower and still more negative one was magical practice. There were however several sub-classes here, of which witchcraft and sorcery were but two. Over the thousand years of knowable Roman history, which saw a single city extend its political and extractive reach to a maximum of 4.4 megametres and then decline, the understanding of magic as malign (i.e., witchcraft/sorcery) altered in often dramatic ways, beginning with anxieties typical of agrarian communities, and culminating in Late Antiquity in charges of lese-majesty at court and routinized attempts at revenge by rival rhetors, to which we can add the deployment of allegations of magic by Christian hardliners in attacking paganism and heretics. A significant process in this history was the gradual appropriation over the last hundred and fifty years of the Republic of a term (magia) and its associated stereotypes from the Hellenistic Greek world, which together provided a medium, widely exploited in a variety of literary genres, for re-figuring the social disruptions that attended the violent self-destruction of the aristocratic régime and remained thereafter a powerful imaginative resource for constructing a variety of boundaries around a moral centre, claimed to be steady but in fact altering very considerably under shifting political, social, and religious conditions. Magic was thus not simply a medium for accusation but also a metaphor and social figuration; it thus played a significant role in the long-term legitimation of the self-styled dominant religious order. Moreover, since marvel, transformation, and the uncanny likewise belonged to the same semantic field, magic helped sustain the fecund irrationality indispensable to a polytheistic world-view.
Potential Biases Arising From Epidemic Dynamics in Observational Seroprotection Studies
Authors: Kahn Rebecca , Kennedy-Shaffer Lee , Grad Yonatan H , Robins James M , Lipsitch Marc
Published: August 2020

The extent and duration of immunity following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are critical outstanding questions about the epidemiology of this novel virus, and studies are needed to evaluate the effects of serostatus on reinfection. Understanding the potential sources of bias and methods for alleviating biases in these studies is important for informing their design and analysis. Confounding by individual-level risk factors in observational studies like these is relatively well appreciated. Here, we show how geographic structure and the underlying, natural dynamics of epidemics can also induce noncausal associations. We take the approach of simulating serological studies in the context of an uncontrolled or controlled epidemic, under different assumptions about whether prior infection does or does not protect an individual against subsequent infection, and using various designs and analytical approaches to analyze the simulated data. We find that in studies assessing whether seropositivity confers protection against future infection, comparing seropositive persons with seronegative persons with similar time-dependent patterns of exposure to infection by stratifying or matching on geographic location and time of enrollment is essential in order to prevent bias.
Preeclampsia and Increased Permeability Over the Blood–Brain Barrier: A Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Receptor 2
Authors: Bergman Lina , Acurio Jesenia , Leon Jose , Gatu Emily , Friis Therese , Nelander Maria , Wikström Johan , Larsson Anders , Lara Evelyn , Aguayo Claudio , Torres-Vergara Pablo , Wikström Anna-Karin , Escudero Carlos
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Cerebral complications in preeclampsia are leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide but pathophysiology is largely unknown and a challenge to study. Using an in vitro model of the human blood–brain barrier (BBB), we explored the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in preeclampsia.

METHODS

The human brain endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) cultured on Tranwells insert was exposed (12 hours) to plasma from women with preeclampsia (n = 28), normal pregnancy (n = 28), and nonpregnant (n = 16) controls. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to 70 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran were measured for the assessment of BBB integrity. We explored possible underlying mechanisms, with a focus on the expression of tight junction proteins and phosphorylation of 2 tyrosine residues of VEGFR2, associated with vascular permeability and migration (pY951) and cell proliferation (pY1175). Plasma concentrations of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were also measured.

RESULTS

hCMEC/D3 exposed to plasma from women with preeclampsia exhibited reduced TEER and increased permeability to 70 kDa FITC-dextran. These cells upregulated the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of VEGFR2, and pY951-VEGFR2, but reduced pY1175-VEGFR2 (P < 0.05 in all cases). No difference in mRNA expression of tight junction protein was observed between groups. There was no correlation between angiogenic biomarkers and BBB permeability.

CONCLUSIONS

We present a promising in vitro model of the BBB in preeclampsia. Selective tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR2 may participate in the increased BBB permeability in preeclampsia irrespective of plasma concentrations of angiogenic biomarkers.
When affect overlaps with concept: emotion recognition in semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Bertoux Maxime , Duclos Harmony , Caillaud Marie , Segobin Shailendra , Merck Catherine , de La Sayette Vincent , Belliard Serge , Desgranges Béatrice , Eustache Francis , Laisney Mickaël
Published: August 2020

The most recent theories of emotions have postulated that their expression and recognition depend on acquired conceptual knowledge. In other words, the conceptual knowledge derived from prior experiences guide our ability to make sense of such emotions. However, clear evidence is still lacking to contradict more traditional theories, considering emotions as innate, distinct and universal physiological states. In addition, whether valence processing (i.e. recognition of the pleasant/unpleasant character of emotions) also relies on semantic knowledge is yet to be determined. To investigate the contribution of semantic knowledge to facial emotion recognition and valence processing, we conducted a behavioural and neuroimaging study in 20 controls and 16 patients with the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia, a neurodegenerative disease that is prototypical of semantic memory impairment, and in which an emotion recognition deficit has already been described. We assessed participants’ knowledge of emotion concepts and recognition of 10 basic (e.g. anger) or self-conscious (e.g. embarrassment) facial emotional expressions presented both statically (images) and dynamically (videos). All participants also underwent a brain MRI. Group comparisons revealed deficits in both emotion concept knowledge and emotion recognition in patients, independently of type of emotion and presentation. These measures were significantly correlated with each other in patients and with semantic fluency in patients and controls. Neuroimaging analyses showed that both emotion recognition and emotion conceptual knowledge were correlated with reduced grey matter density in similar areas within frontal ventral, temporal, insular and striatal regions, together with white fibre degeneration in tracts connecting frontal regions with each other as well as with temporal regions. We then performed a qualitative analysis of responses made during the facial emotion recognition task, by delineating valence errors (when one emotion was mistaken for another of a different valence), from other errors made during the emotion recognition test. We found that patients made more valence errors. The number of valence errors correlated with emotion conceptual knowledge as well as with reduced grey matter volume in brain regions already retrieved to correlate with this score. Specificity analyses allowed us to conclude that this cognitive relationship and anatomical overlap were not mediated by a general effect of disease severity. Our findings suggest that semantic knowledge guides the recognition of emotions and is also involved in valence processing. Our study supports a constructionist view of emotion recognition and valence processing, and could help to refine current theories on the interweaving of semantic knowledge and emotion processing.
Neoliberalism From Above and Cosmopolitanism From Below: A Korean-English Meetup Group in the United States
Authors: Curran Nathaniel Ming
Published: August 2020

This article applies theories of cosmopolitanism-from-below A. Appadurai (2011), F. Kurasawa (2004) to an empirical case. Drawing on participant-observation and interviews conducted over the course of 20 months at a Korean-English Meetup group in the United States, this article explores the practices of an explicitly “cosmopolitan” group. Specifically, it focuses on U.S. Americans and Korean interns, and considers their experiences and motivations within the broader structures of neoliberalism. The group is identified as alternately exemplifying and challenging neoliberal logic and the article considers the relationship between neoliberalism and different forms of cosmopolitanism. The cosmopolitan ethos fostered by the group’s founder and reinforced through members’ practice offers preliminary but hopeful evidence of a cosmopolitanism that challenges neoliberalism and the uneven distribution of cultural/economic capital.
Excess Neuronal Branching Allows for Local Innervation of Specific Dendritic Compartments in Mature Cortex
Authors: Bird A D , Deters L H , Cuntz H
Published: August 2020

The connectivity of cortical microcircuits is a major determinant of brain function; defining how activity propagates between different cell types is key to scaling our understanding of individual neuronal behavior to encompass functional networks. Furthermore, the integration of synaptic currents within a dendrite depends on the spatial organization of inputs, both excitatory and inhibitory. We identify a simple equation to estimate the number of potential anatomical contacts between neurons; finding a linear increase in potential connectivity with cable length and maximum spine length, and a decrease with overlapping volume. This enables us to predict the mean number of candidate synapses for reconstructed cells, including those realistically arranged. We identify an excess of potential local connections in mature cortical data, with densities of neurite higher than is necessary to reliably ensure the possible implementation of any given axo-dendritic connection. We show that the number of local potential contacts allows specific innervation of distinct dendritic compartments.
Results From 2 Cohort Studies in Central Africa Show That Clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti Infection After Repeated Rounds of Mass Drug Administration With Albendazole Alone Is Closely Linked to Individual Adherence
Authors: Campillo Jérémy T , Awaca-Uvon Naomi P , Missamou Francois , Tambwe Jean-Paul , Kuyangisa-Simuna Godefroy , Weil Gary J , Louya Frédéric , Boussinesq Michel , Pion Sébastien D S , Chesnais Cédric B
Published: August 2020

Background

Two community trials conducted from 2012 to 2018 in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo demonstrated the efficacy of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole (ALB) alone on lymphatic filariasis (LF). However, a high interindividual heterogeneity in the clearance of infection was observed.

Methods

We analyzed trial data to assess the effect of individual adherence to ALB MDA on clearance of circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) and microfilaremia. Community residents were offered a single dose of ALB every 6 months and tested for LF with a rapid test for CFA at baseline and then annually. CFA test results were scored on a semiquantitative scale. At each round, microfilaremia was assessed in CFA-positive individuals. All CFA-positive individuals for whom at least 1 follow-up measure was available were included in the analyses. Parametric survival models were used to assess the influence of treatment adherence on LF infection indicators.

Results

Of 2658 individuals enrolled in the trials, 394 and 129 were eligible for analysis of CFA and microfilaremia clearance, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and initial CFA score, the predicted mean time for clearing CFA was shorter in persons who had taken 2 doses of ALB per year (3.9 years) than in persons who had taken 1 or 0 dose (4.4 and 5.3 years; P < .001 for both). A similar pattern was observed for microfilaremia clearance.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship for the effect of ALB on clearance of CFA and microfilaremia.
ARRHYTHMIAS, PACING, ABLATIONC1 A DEPENDENT SYNCOPE
Authors: Pitruzzella V , Sidoti P , Frenda A , Catalano C , Geraci S , Caramanno G
Published: August 2020

A 33-year-old man, ex drug addict on methadone therapy. He arrives to emergency department for syncope, reported by his wife reversion of the eyeballs and fine tremors with subsequent recovery of consciousness. A similar episode had happened a year ago. It was performed ECG: sinus bradycardia , 45 bpm, QT 600 msec, QTc 554 msec . Neurological examination performed: no motor deficits, negative Romberg. At brain CT no parenchymal tomodensitometric changes. Median line structures in axis. At the EEG: slight diffuse slow intercritical changes. Prescribed therapy with levetiracetam 500 mg. Cardiological examination and echocardiogram performed within the limits. Laboratory tests showed Trop HS 80 pg / ml. On the basis of the ECG and the slight increase of the troponin he was hospitalized in Cardiology and monitored. The following day, cardiac arrest due to torsade de pointes degenerated into ventricular fibrillation, DC shock was performed with the restoration of electrical and mechanical activity. Urgent coronary angiography was performed with evidence of coronary artery free from angiographically significant stenosis. SERT has been contacted: the patient had not been treated by them for some time and was using excessive doses of self-procuring methadone. In consideration of cardiac arrest from methadone long QT ventricular arrhythmia, ICD implantation was proposed, refused by the patient because he wanted to start detoxification therapy. During the hospitalization, progressive reduction of QT up to normalization in discharge. After a month new access to emergency department for presynopal episode, ECG showed sinus bradycardia with QTC 552 msec; the patient reports continuing to take excessive methadone doses and refuses treatment at a recovery center; considering that the ICD can be life-saving in this typ77e of patient (intractable addiction), we have re-proposed the ICD implant, rejected by the patient.
ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Network Organization for the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during the Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Scotto di Uccio Fortunato , Valente Serafina , Colivicchi Furio , Murrone Adriano , Caldarola Pasquale , Di Lenarda Andrea , Roncon Loris , Amodeo Enzo , Aspromonte Nadia , Cipriani Manlio Gianni , Domenicucci Stefano , Francese Giuseppina Maura , Imazio Massimo , Urbinati Stefano , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Gabrielli Domenico
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health emergency. In Italy, the number of people infected by SARS-COVID-2 is rapidly increasing and what emerges from the current data is that the majority do not present any symptoms or only minor flu-like symptoms. In about 20% of the patients, the disease progresses towards more complex forms (interstitial pneumonia to acute respiratory distress and multiple organ failure) with the need of hospitalization in CICU and advanced ventilator assistance. The transmission of the virus occurs very easily from the symptomatic patient s droplets from coughing and sneezing and from direct contact with persons or surfaces.

In a patient presenting with ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or STEMI-like, if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a PCI COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. However, we advise to try pursuing, in the first instance, the mechanical revascularization strategy, according to the available local possibilities.
Three-dimensional gravity anomaly data inversion in the Pyrenees using compressional seismic velocity model as structural similarity constraints
Authors: Martin Roland , Giraud Jérémie , Ogarko Vitaliy , Chevrot Sébastien , Beller Stephen , Gégout Pascal , Jessell Mark
Published: August 2020

We explore here the benefits of using constraints from seismic tomography in gravity data inversion and how inverted density distributions can be improved by doing so. The methodology is applied to a real field case in which we reconstruct the density structure of the Pyrenees along a southwest–northeast transect going from the Ebro basin in Spain to the Arzacq basin in France. We recover the distribution of densities by inverting gravity anomalies under constraints coming from seismic tomography. We initiate the inversion from a prior density model obtained by scaling a pre-existing compressional seismic velocity Vp model using a Nafe–Drake relationship: the Vp model resulting from a full-waveform inversion of teleseismic data. Gravity data inversions enforce structural similarities between Vp and density by minimizing the norm of the cross-gradient between the density and Vp models. We also compare models obtained from 2.5-D and 3-D inversions. Our results demonstrate that structural constraints allow us to better recover the density contrasts close to the surface and at depth, without degrading the gravity data misfit. The final density model provides valuable information on the geological structures and on the thermal state and composition of the western region of the Pyrenean lithosphere.
Clinical summary guide: reproduction in women with previous abdominopelvic radiotherapy or total body irradiation
Authors: Rozen G , Rogers P , Chander S , Anderson R , McNally O , Umstad M , Winship A , Hutt K , Teh W T , Dobrotwir A , Hart R , Ledger W , Stern K
Published: August 2020

STUDY QUESTION

What is the evidence to guide the management of women who wish to conceive following abdominopelvic radiotherapy (AP RT) or total body irradiation (TBI)?

SUMMARY ANSWER

Pregnancy is possible, even following higher doses of post-pubertal uterine radiation exposure; however, it is associated with adverse reproductive sequelae and pregnancies must be managed in a high-risk obstetric unit.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

In addition to primary ovarian insufficiency, female survivors who are treated with AP RT and TBI are at risk of damage to the uterus. This may impact on its function and manifest as adverse reproductive sequelae.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

A review of the literature was carried out and a multidisciplinary working group provided expert opinion regarding assessment of the uterus and obstetric management.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

Reproductive outcomes for postpubertal women with uterine radiation exposure in the form of AP RT or TBI were reviewed. This included Pubmed listed peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to 2019, and limited to English language..

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

The prepubertal uterus is much more vulnerable to the effects of radiation than after puberty. Almost all available information about the impact of radiation on the uterus comes from studies of radiation exposure during childhood or adolescence.

An uncomplicated pregnancy is possible, even with doses as high as 54 Gy. Therefore, tumour treatment doses alone cannot at present be used to accurately predict uterine damage.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

Much of the data cannot be readily extrapolated to adult women who have had uterine radiation and the publications concerning adult women treated with AP RT are largely limited to case reports.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

This analysis offers clinical guidance and assists with patient counselling. It is important to include patients who have undergone AP RT or TBI in prospective studies to provide further evidence regarding uterine function, pregnancy outcomes and correlation of imaging with clinical outcomes.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

This study received no funding and there are no conflicts of interest.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.
Geriatric Social Workers in Adult Day Care Facilities: Meditation, Worker Resilience, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Pandya Samta P
Published: August 2020

This article reports a wait list control design study on the influence of an online meditation training program for geriatric social workers (GSWs) in a range of adult day care facilities across eight Asian and African cities. Results indicated that the online program was effective in building resilience and promoting job satisfaction among the intervention group. The program was more effective for participants from Asian cities, women, Hindus, and Buddhists working in transitional day care facilities and regularly logging into the self-practice sessions. Self-practice was an important mediator determining the relationship between demographic predictors and outcomes. This synchronous and asynchronous online program can be used by GSWs with some modifications for participants from African cities; men; Muslims and Christians; and those working in active adult, palliative, and memory care facilities. Refinements may entail adding familiar spiritual ideologies, some activities for men involving greater verbalization of feelings and emotions linked to the work, and intensive exercises addressing specific challenges of workers in palliative and memory care facilities.
On the Structure of Affine Flat Group Schemes Over Discrete Valuation Rings, II
Authors: Hai Phùng Hô , dos Santos João Pedro
Published: August 2020

In the first part of this work [ 12], we studied affine group schemes over a discrete valuation ring (DVR) by means of Neron blowups. We also showed how to apply these findings to throw light on the group schemes coming from Tannakian categories of $\mathcal{D}$-modules. In the present work, we follow up this theme. We show that a certain class of affine group schemes of “infinite type,” Neron blowups of formal subgroups, are quite typical. We also explain how these group schemes appear naturally in Tannakian categories of $\mathcal{D}$-modules. To conclude, we isolate a Tannakian property of affine group schemes, named prudence, which allows one to verify if the underlying ring of functions is a free module over the base ring. This is then successfully applied to obtain a general result on the structure of differential Galois groups over complete DVRs.
The Design of Ecological Momentary Assessment Technologies
Authors: Doherty Kevin , Balaskas Andreas , Doherty Gavin
Published: August 2020

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods and technologies, designed to support the self-report of experience in the moment of daily life, have long been considered poised to revolutionize human-centred research, the practice of design and mental healthcare. The history of EMA is inextricably linked to technology, and mobile devices embody many of the characteristics required to support these methods. However, significant barriers to the design and adoption of these systems remain, including challenges of user engagement, reporting burden, data validity and honest disclosure. While prior research has examined the feasibility of a variety of EMA systems, few reviews have attended to their design. Through inter-disciplinary narrative literature review (n = 342), this paper presents a characterization of the EMA technology design space, drawing upon a diverse set of literatures, contexts, applications and demographic groups. This paper describes the options and strategies available to the EMA systems designer, with an eye towards supporting the design and deployment of EMA technologies for research and clinical practice.
Time-series modelling for the quantification of seasonality and forecasting antibiotic-resistant episodes: application to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae episodes in France over 2010–20
Authors: Roux Jonathan , Nekkab Narimane , Colomb-Cotinat Mélanie , Astagneau Pascal , Crépey Pascal
Published: August 2020

Background

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cause resistant healthcare-associated infections that jeopardize healthcare systems and patient safety worldwide. The number of CPE episodes has been increasing in France since 2009, but the dynamics are still poorly understood.

Objectives

To use time-series modelling to describe the dynamics of CPE episodes from August 2010 to December 2016 and to forecast the evolution of CPE episodes for the 2017–20 period.

Methods

We used time series to analyse CPE episodes from August 2010 to November 2016 reported to the French national surveillance system. The impact of seasonality was quantified using seasonal-to-irregular ratios. Seven time-series models and three ensemble stacking models (average, convex and linear stacking) were assessed and compared with forecast CPE episodes during 2017–20.

Results

During 2010–16, 3559 CPE episodes were observed in France. Compared with the average yearly trend, we observed a 30% increase in the number of CPE episodes in the autumn. We noticed a 1 month lagged seasonality of non-imported episodes compared with imported episodes. Average stacking gave the best forecasts and predicted an increase during 2017–20 with a peak up to 345 CPE episodes (95% prediction interval = 124–1158, 80% prediction interval = 171–742) in September 2020.

Conclusions

The observed seasonality of CPE episodes sheds light on potential factors associated with the increased frequency of episodes, which need further investigation. Our model predicts that the number of CPE episodes will continue to rise in the coming years in France, mainly due to local dissemination, associated with bacterial carriage by patients in the community, which is becoming an immediate challenge with regard to outbreak control.
An updated phylogeny of the metallo-β-lactamases
Authors: Berglund Fanny , Johnning Anna , Larsson D G Joakim , Kristiansson Erik
Published: August 2020

Background

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are enzymes that use zinc-dependent hydrolysis to confer resistance to almost all available β-lactam antibiotics. They are hypothesized to originate from commensal and environmental bacteria, from where some have mobilized and transferred horizontally to pathogens. The current phylogeny of MBLs, however, is biased as it is founded largely on genes encountered in pathogenic bacteria. This incompleteness is emphasized by recent findings of environmental MBLs with new forms of zinc binding sites and atypical functional profiles.

Objectives

To expand the phylogeny of MBLs to provide a more accurate view of their evolutionary history.

Methods

We searched more than 16 terabases of genomic and metagenomic data for MBLs of the three subclasses B1, B2 and B3 using the validated fARGene method. Predicted genes, together with the previously known ones, were used to infer phylogenetic trees.

Results

We identified 2290 unique MBL genes forming 817 gene families, of which 741 were previously uncharacterized. MBLs from subclasses B1 and B3 separated into distinct monophyletic groups, in agreement with their taxonomic and functional properties. We present evidence that clinically associated MBLs were mobilized from Proteobacteria. Additionally, we identified three new variants of the zinc binding sites, indicating that the functional repertoire is broader than previously reported.

Conclusions

Based on our results, we recommend that the nomenclature of MBLs is refined into the phylogenetic groups B1.1–B1.5 and B3.1–B3.4 that more accurately describe their molecular and functional characteristics. Our results will also facilitate the annotation of novel MBLs, reflecting their taxonomic organization and evolutionary origin.
Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Interactions With Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Gulzar Sehrish , Wakil Waqas , Wu Shaohui , Piñero Jaime C , Leskey Tracy C , Nixon Laura J , Oliveira-Hofman Camila , Toews Michael D , Shapiro-Ilan David
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this study were to quantify the virulence of four entomopathogenic fungal species to pupae of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to determine the potential to combine entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for biological control of this pest. The four species of EPFs included Beauveria bassiana (strain GHA), Metarhizium brunneum (strain F52), Isaria javanica (wf GA17), and Isaria fumosorosea (Apopka 97 strain). In laboratory assays, all fungi reduced adult emergence but there were no differences between fungal species. Isaria javanica and M. brunneum were examined further in a EPFs and EPNs bioassay that also included the EPNs Steinernema carpocapsae (ALL strain) and S. riobrave (355 strain). All nematodes and fungi were applied either alone or in combination (fungus + nematode). There were no differences between species within the same entomopathogen group (fungi and nematodes). However, the treatment with S. riobrave resulted in lower R. pomonella emergence than either fungal species. The combination of S. riobrave and I. javanica resulted in the lowest R. pomonella emergence (3%) at fourth-week interval, which was significantly lower than any of the single-agent applications, yet virulence of the other three combination treatments was not different from their respective nematode treatments applied alone. Additive interactions were detected for all fungus–nematode combinations. This study suggests that application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi could be an effective option to suppress R. pomonella populations.