bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closing the Gap Between Static and Dynamic User Equilibrium in Traffic Assignment: A Multiple Cities Study
Authors: Li Danqing , Yan Long , Hu Luzhe , Li Yixuan , Hu Bowen , Li Chunxiao , Song Yulun , Xu Yanyan
Published: January 2023

Static user equilibrium model and dynamic user equilibrium model are two commonly used traffic assignment models. Compared to dynamic model, static model costs much less time, needs less information but cannot assign the traffic in time dimension so it cannot obtain the time series of traffic flow. We can divide the time interval into segments and apply static model on each segment, so that the time series of traffic flow can be obtained. A challenge of this method is how to determine the scale of the time segment so that the result of static model can be close to dynamic model. This paper proposes a big data-driven analysis framework and uses China’s 40 cities’ road networks and traffic flow data as samples. We calculate the gap between the results of dynamic and static models using different scales of time segment. It is shown that the unevenness of the distribution of travel demand in time dimension and other indexes which measure the volume of the city, such as GDP, have a strong correlation with the optimal scale of time segment for static model.
Reduced precision of motor and perceptual rhythmic timing in autistic adults
Authors: Cannon Jonathan , Cardinaux Annie , Bungert Lindsay , Li Cindy , Sinha Pawan
Published: January 2023

Recent results suggest that autistic individuals find it challenging to temporally coordinate their actions with predictable external cues, as indicated, for instance, by lower accuracy in synchronizing finger taps to an auditory metronome compared with their non-autistic peers. However, it is not yet clear whether these difficulties are driven primarily by motor or perceptual impairments. We recruited autistic and non-autistic participants for an online study which tested both finger tapping synchronization and continuation as well as purely perceptual (non-motoric) rhythmic timing. We fractionated each participant’s synchronization results into several individual-specific parameters representing error correction, motor noise, and internal time-keeper noise, and also investigated error-correcting responses to small timing perturbations in metronome timing. Contrary to previous work, we did not find strong evidence for reduced tapping error correction. However, we found compelling evidence for noisier internal rhythmic time-keeping in the synchronization, continuation, and perceptual components of the experiment. These results suggest that noisier rhythmic timing processes underlie some sensorimotor coordination challenges in autism.
Development of Design for Alternative Fuel
Authors: Altuwair Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

The research attempts to overcome defined gap by taking the following steps: The primary contribution of the study is to upgrade alternative measures for transportation preparation design. Increasing competency and enhancing safety in alternatives such as, Compressed Natural Gas CNGV, Hydrogen HV, and Electrical Vehicles EV. In this research, the adopted acceptance index and end-users behaviors’ towards alternatives CNGV is developed; the vital goal of the study is to establish a risk-based index to support the design of alternatives. The research defines individually the study tool which is considered as varied from one to another, unlike artificial tools or devices. It helps to understand the mechanism of the individual behavior process and decision making; an experimental study is designed. Empirical method is applied to validate the adopted process. This research utilized practical methodological approaches to approve the research procedures. The first findings discussed are the descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all constructs. The research demonstrated by formulating a relationship between proposed variables and industry.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Reduce Survival Outcomes in Patients Treated with Capecitabine: Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohyeldeen Dina , Arafat Waleed
Published: January 2023

Background
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely-used over-the-counter drugs. However, possible, and quite ambiguous, interaction has been suggested between capecitabine and PPIs; with some discrepancy still being present within the literature regarding the possible risks, or even benefits, of their concomitant use. This meta-analysis therefore aims to analyze data from the literature regarding both the risk of PPIs on survival in patients treated with capecitabine, as well as their benefit regarding the incidence of hand foot syndrome (HFS).
Methods
A total of 17 studies were included after searching Pubmed, Medline, and Cochrane until October 2022 for the effect of PPIs on the treatment efficacy and pharmacokinetics, and incidence of HFS. Revman Ver. 5.3 was used for all statistical analyses.
Results
Our data showed a significant HFS reduction at a relative risk of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70–085; p < 0.00001) in the PPI-using groups compared to control. Meta-analysis of studies assessing survival; however, showed reduction in almost all survival aspects, most notably within the recurrence-free survival, with a hazard ratio of 1.75; 95% CI: 1.21–2.53; p = 0.003.
Conclusion
Individual data incriminating the use of PPIs with capecitabine is quite limited; however, our robust survival data on around 30,000 patients gave significant worse survival outcomes, particularly in the (neo)adjuvant setting.
Pan-cancer analysis to provide a reliable basis for the clinical use of TIM-3 immunosuppressants
Authors: Mo Bangqian , Wang Yongfeng , Liu Deming , Cai Hui
Published: January 2023

Background
TIM-3 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is currently one of the most valuable immunosuppressants. HAVCR2 is the gene that codes for TIM-3, and its expression has been linked to the clinical efficacy of TIM-3 immunosuppressants. The study aims to provide potential guidance for the use of TIM-3 immunosuppressants in pan-cancer.
Methods
Data related to HAVCR2 in pan-cancer was obtained from multiple databases. First, differences in HAVCR2 expression between pan-cancerous and corresponding normal tissues were analyzed, and Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Besides,the correlation between HAVCR2 expression and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), tumor-infiltrating immune cells(TIICs), tumor mutational burden(TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoint (ICP) was investigated by Spearman correlation analysis.Functional enrichment analysis of HAVCR2 was also performed to explore its biological and molecular roles in tumors. Finally, validation of HAVCR2 expression was performed in some cancer cell lines to analyze its differential expression.
Results
Our comprehensive pan-cancer analysis showed that HAVCR2 expression was significantly upregulated in most malignancies and correlated with poor prognosis. Secondly, there was a significant association between HAVCR2 methylation levels and survival prognosis in patients with multiple tumors, while patients with HAVCR2 mutated tumours showed a good prognosis. Moeeover, the expression of HAVCR2 was strongly associated with excessive infiltration of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment(TME). In addition, the expression of HAVCR2 significantly correlated with TMB, MSI, MMR, and ICP in different types of tumors, and the correlation results correlated with the efficacy of TIM-3 immunosuppressants in some cancer patients. More importantly,functional enrichment analysis based on HAVCR2 indicates that HAVCR2 acts primarily through the regulation of immunobiological processes in the TME.RT-PCR validated HAVCR2 expression in multiple cancer cell lines, consistent with the bioinformatic analysis results.
Conclusions
The expression of HAVCR2 is significantly correlated with heterogeneous features of pan-cancer, and the results of this correlation have potential value in guiding the clinical application of TIM-3 in pan-cancer spectrum.
Spatial Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Pollutants in the Ground Water of District Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Luqman Muhammad Hamid
Published: January 2023

Because of the importance of water in maintaining life and socio-economic development, drinking water quality of District Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan has been assessed using spatial techniques like IDW and Kriging, WQI approach, Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment. Water quality was assessed for the time period between 2014–18, using 17 different physicochemical parameters from 1743 sites each, from two time periods 2014–16 and 2016–18 respectively. The drinking water of Narowal was categorized into 5 different classes on the basis of WQI i.e., Excellent, good, poor, very poor and not suitable for drinking. WQI Values of 210.1537 and 267.75 was observed during 2014–16 and 2016–18 showed very poor quality of drinking water during 2014–18. 28.5% of the study area during time period 2014–16 and 36.1% during time period 2016–18 showed substandard drinking quality. 3.3% of the study area during 2014–16 and 7.9% during 2016–18 showed health risks related to chloride for adults while 0.1% of study area during 2014–16 and 11.1% during 2016–18 showed health risks related to nitrite in adults. Results indicated that due to the human intervention the quality of the drinking water and risks related to drinking sub-standard water of District Narowal become getting worse in a very fast rate, so water should be drink after suitable treatment. These risks can also be eliminated by decreasing the use of chemical and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture.
Lateral detachment forces of Bacillus niabensis and Alteromonas litorea against antifouling paint additive
Authors: Al-Amin Murni Noor , Dagang Wan Rosmiza Zana Wan , Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Jamaluddin Haryati
Published: January 2023

Objective Bacterial adhesion on various marine biotic or abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation paves the path of biofouling in marine environment. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the lateral detachment forces between the the coated antifouling paint additive and local isolated marine bacteria; Bacillus niabensis and Alteromonas litorea using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Methods A paint additive was prepared by employing the active compounds, silver ion (Ag+) and surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) embedded in the kaolinite clay structure. An incubated 100 µL bacterial suspension loaded onto the coated antifouling paint additive were scanned using AFM with the scan rate of 40 µm/s and scan size of 10 × 10 µm2. Lateral detachment force was measured from a lower set point value of 0.3V to a maximum set point 10.0V.
Results A weak interaction was observed between the model bacteria and paint additive (Or-Ag-Kao) coated surface with the mean lateral detachment force of 139.4 nN (B. niabensis) and 146.2 nN (A. litorea). Major contact surface area reduction observed on paint additive (Or-Ag-Kao) coated surfaces with 0.275 µm2 for B. niabensis and 0.391 µm2 for A. litorea indicated that paint additive coating successfully minimized bacterial attachment on the surface.
Conclusion The antifouling paint additive shows a reduction in lateral forces and minimized its surface contact, which could further prevent the microfouling formation on marine structures.
Enhanced strength, toughness, and reliability in crab exoskeleton inspired additively manufactured porous thermoplastics
Authors: Keles Ozgur , Karakoc Alp , Wu Cheng-Lun , Anderson Eric H.
Published: January 2023

Inspired by crab exoskeleton, fused deposition modeling (FDM) was used to control local deposition of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) polymer and local porosity. Effects of four different meso-scale structures on the stochastic mechanical properties were investigated. Tensile tests showed that the biomimetic Bouligand structure increases strength, strain at break, toughness, and mechanical reliability of additively manufactured porous ABS. Change in meso-scale structures impacted variations in mechanical properties. Weibull moduli--as an indication of variation in properties--ranged from 17 to 54 for fracture strength. Variations in strain at break were higher compared to strength with a Weibull modulus between 6 and 16. Finite element simulations captured the experimental fracture behavior of porous structures. Simulations revealed significant damage accumulation in porous Bouligand structures.
Protected Area Network Contributions to Landscape Connectivity under Global Change
Authors: Mozelewski Tina G. , Scheller Robert M.
Published: January 2023

Context Both anthropogenic change and environmental variability cause spatiotemporal fluctuations in the availability of habitat on a landscape. Land acquisition and restoration for conservation also facilitates dynamic habitat accessibility. Accounting for these spatiotemporal dynamics is critical to the success of conservation planning to increase landscape connectivity. Objectives We aimed to forecast the individual and interactive effects of anthropogenic change, environmental variability, and conservation action on landscape connectivity over time. In doing so, we sought to evaluate the capacity of conservation actions intended to enhance connectivity to keep pace with global change. Methods We used a landscape change model to simulate strategies for the expansion of protected area networks on a ~1.5 million ha landscape in North Carolina. We forecasted spatiotemporal changes (2020-2100) to complex habitat networks across multiple scenarios of climate and land-use change, using graph theory to assess the variance in connectivity between conservation strategies and among global change futures. Results Both climate and land-use change reduced the influence of conservation on landscape connectivity, but through different mechanisms. Climate change increased available longleaf pine habitat, improving overall landscape connectivity and camouflaging connectivity improvements from conservation. Land-use change reduced the connectivity improvements facilitated by conservation as the cost of movement between habitat patches increased. Conclusion Rather than acting synergistically with land-use change, climate change negated the connectivity declines from land-use change in the study area. More broadly, our approach to forecast landscape-level responses to climate change, land-use change, and management can support the identification of conservation strategies that are more robust to global change, better enhancing landscape connectivity.
Dual Graph Neural Network for Overlapping Community Detection
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Peng Qixuan , Li Ruihong , Ma Huifang
Published: January 2023

Community detection has long been designed to find communities with different structures in various networks. It is now widely believed that these communities often overlap each other. However, due to the complexity and diversity of the network, it is often difficult to accurately identify the overlapping community structure in many real networks. Considering the above problem, we introduce a dual graph neural network for overlapping community detection (DGOCD) under the framework of the extended Bernoulli-Poisson (EBP). First, we build two graphs to model information of different orders between nodes respectively, and use a set of GCNs as a backbone to learn semantic representations of the above graphs in parallel. Then we introduce the concept of topological potential matrix to aggregate the embedding representations of the two channel graphs. Moreover, for learning the affiliations between nodes and communities, we carry out network reconstruction based on the former information. Finally, the reconstructed network is sent into the GCN to get the final community division. Experimental results on real network datasets demonstrate that the proposed DGOCD consistently outperforms existing methods.
Land use / land cover change detection and forecasting using GEE and hybrid Markov-CA model in the Nainital, a district of Uttarakhand State, India
Authors: Pokhariya Hemant Singh , Singh D P , Prakash Rishi
Published: January 2023

Analysing and predicting changes in land use/ land cover (LU/LC) is a very essential study for decision makers to manage and control environmental sustainability by assessing the effects of global climate change. This study, aims to evaluate LULC changes in the last two decades from 2000 to 2020, as well as, to predict land cover changes in 2030 using Google Earth Engine and IDRISI software. Random Forest classification scheme in GEE is used for classifying land covers. Based upon 2000 and 2010 classified maps, the “transition probability” matrix is determined by using IDRISI SILVA 17.0 software. The Markov-CA integrated method in IDRISI is used to predict 2020 LULC pattern and it is validated by actual LU/LC classified map of 2020 with a kappa index of 0.93. Finally, the LU/LC map of 2030 is predicted to analyse land cover changes for controlling and monitoring environment sustainability. Based on the results of the current analysis, Nainital, a district of Uttarakhand State, India has undergone a significant increase in urban area and agricultural area particularly in west and south direction(plain region of study area), whereas there is a sharp decrease in forest and waterbody area. In this aspect, Remote sensing (RS) methods and geographic information systems (GIS) are crucial tools that can be utilised to identify the driving elements linked with the surrounding environment that lead to altering climate and biodiversity loss.
Effect of Overnight Orthokeratology Lens Wear on Sleep and Quality of Life in Children Aged 8-12 Years and Relationship Between Corneal Morphology and Visual Function
Authors: Huali Hong , Yijiao Long , Lihong Li , Yaiyan Lu , Weien Lin
Published: January 2023

It was to investigate vision, sleep, quality of life (QOL), and corneal morphology changes before and after overnight orthokeratology lens wear in myopic children aged 8–12 years. 100 myopic children were randomly divided into control group and test group, and glasses and overnight orthokeratology lens wear were worn separately. Uncorrected visual acuity, refraction, axial length, corneal endothelial cells, and corneal morphology were compared beforewear (0d), and 1 month (1mo), 3 months (3mo), and 6 months (6mo) after wear. The OQASTM II was used to evaluate visual quality, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality, and the QOL scale was used. Compared with 0d, there were significant differences in uncorrected visual acuity, refraction, axial length, corneal cell morphology, corneal morphology, visual quality, PSQI score, and QOL score between the control group and the test group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, in the test group, the uncorrected visual acuity, refraction, corneal cell variation coefficient, and QOL score at 3mo and 6mo after wear increased (P < 0.05); axial length, corneal endothelial cell density, hexagonal cell ratio, sleep onset time, sleep disorders, daytime function, PSQI, and OQAS values decreased (P < 0.05); subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep aids increased at 1mo after wear (P < 0.05). Myopic children with overnight orthokeratology lens wear can improve vision, life and sleep quality, but subjective sleep quality is reduced at early wear.
Wind conversion systems effects on power grid and ability of TCSC and SSSC devices for dynamic performance enhancing
Authors: Yahia Saoudi , Rachdi Taha , Ayachi Errachdi
Published: January 2023

In this paper, two wind power farms are proposed to produce the active power using two variable profiles of the wind. Indeed, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the electrical power system, two FACTS devices are installed in series between buses 1 and 3, separately. The effects of disturbances, in the form of variable profiles of the wind, affecting the voltages and frequencies in the IEEE 14-bus system are studied. After simulation, good results are obtained in terms of the overall stability of the electrical energy system. The found results prove, both, the voltage errors in each bus, and, the losses in each line by installing of the FACTS. In addition, the harmonics created by the wind disturbances are limited.
Two-Dimensional Lock-in Amplifier Algorithm in Spatial Domain
Authors: Zhang Meng
Published: January 2023

An algorithm based on a two-dimensional lock-in amplifier method has been proposed for extracting complex plane components in images. Traditional one-dimensional time-frequency lock-in amplifier estimates the amplitude and phase of a periodic signal at a frequency determined by a reference signal that may be submerged by noise. In the field of digital image processing, it is necessary to analyze the information in the spatial domain. In this paper, a mathematical model has been established to describe the complex plane component in the image, and a two-dimensional lock-in amplifier algorithm has been developed. Compared with traditional lock-in amplifier algorithms, the proposed algorithm can be used to process signals with higher dimensions. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the complex plane components polluted by noise at given frequencies. This two-dimensional lock-in amplifier algorithm can be applied to the extraction and reconstruction of fringe patterns in images submerged by noise. The limitation of the proposed algorithm has been discussed.
Multi-step methods’ ability on the existence of solutions of multi-term fractional q−differential equations with arbitrary fractional order
Authors: Samei Mohammad Esmael , Zanganeh Hasti , Houas Mohamed , Ram Bhagwat
Published: January 2023

This paper thinks about a nonlinear multi term q–differential conditions of arbitrary fractional orders. New existence and uniqueness comes about are built up utilizing Ba-nach contraction principle. Other existence results are gotten utilizing Schaefer and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorems. In organize to clarify our comes almost, some illustrative cases are in addition displayed.
(2010) Mathematics Subject Classifications: 34A08, 34B16, 39A13.
Drug innovation studies targeting Diabetes: A computational docking approach on muti-drug targets including COVID Inhibitors
Authors: Goyal Richa , Kumar Manoj , Mallick M. Anwar
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus cases are rising exponentially and promoting hyperglycemia with multifactorial disease conditions and also increases susceptibility to viral infection (Corona virus). Many antidiabetic drugs are available on the market but, still its control is a challenging task and the need of time is to develop a cost-effective, potent antidiabetic drug having no side effects. The objective of the study is concerned with lead preparation and insilico analysis of the mechanism of action of biomolecule on multiple targets of the diseases.
Methods: In the present study, lead was prepared from C. roseus alkaloids ligand library (21 compounds) then tested its molecular interaction with 4 drug targets (AMPK, DPP4, alpha glucosidase and PPARy) for antihyperglycemic effect. Insilico testing of lead compound vindoline (CID: 425978) with drug targets- AMPK, DPP4, alpha glucosidase and PPARy was by advanced computational docking studies and system biology approaches.
Result: Molecular docking studies of vindoline with multiple potential drug targets show strong non-covalent interactions. Docking results of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin with AMPK1 and AMPK2 targets were -4.0 Kcal/mol and -4.2 Kcal/mol, while vindoline docked score showed -6.2 and - 6.3 Kcal/mol respectively; Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor vildagliptin with DPP4 target was -6.7 Kcal/mol and for the vindoline - 6.8 Kcal/mol. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose with the target was -6.7 Kcal/mol, vindoline – 6.8 Kcal/mol and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) activator pioglitazone with PPARy nuclear receptor was -6.4 Kcal/mol, while vindoline – 6.1 Kcal/mol. Drulito and Osiris explorer's result shows that the bioactive compounds had good solubility (Log S= -3.12 mol/lit), absorption (cLogP =1.32), permeation (Molecular weight=456), action (TPSA=88.54), drug likeness= +3.95, drug-score=0.74, non-toxic characteristics.
Conclusion: C. roseus alkaloid vindoline (CID: 425978) has the potential to act on multiple target sites, efficiently reduce blood glucose levels as well as control secondary pathological aspects of diabetes with few side effects. Also, it has antiviral and antimicrobial properties. Hence, it has a high probability of becoming a potent antihyperglycemic drug and can be used as a futuristic first line antidiabetic drug and the 4th line of drugs for chronic complicated cases of diabetes.
BEST: A blockchain sharding scheme based on nodes performance for enhancing both security and effiency
Authors: Huang Haihui , Zhao Xi , Liu Jun
Published: January 2023

Sharding technology is seen as the most likely solution to the scalability of blockchain, by dividing nodes into smaller groups called shards that transactions can be processed in parallel. However, most sharding scheme adopted random sharding to avoid the aggregation of malicious nodes, while the performance difference between nodes is ignored, resulting in the transaction efficiency gap of each sharding. In this paper, we propose BEST, a blockchain sharding scheme with both security and effiency, nodes are allocated to a shard according to the reputation score, which guarantees the consistent comprehensive performance of each shard. A multi-attribute leader decision model is established instead of randomly selecting leader nodes. We verify the scheme through theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation, and the results show that the proposed scheme improves the parallel throughput of the system while ensuring system security.
Economic pathways to healthy, sustainable and culturally acceptable diets in Mexico
Authors: Viera Marcos Esau Dominguez , Smeets-Kristkova Zuzana , Castellanos-Gutierrez Anali , Batis Carolina , Berg Marrit van den , Cantu Joana C. Chapa
Published: January 2023

A predominantly plant-based diet would aid low- and middle- income countries to deviate from the existing negative trends in health and environmental outcomes. Taking Mexico as case study, we assessed the impact of adopting such a diet on multiple food system indicators and identified a menu of fiscal policies to reach the intake targets determined in the EAT-Lancet framework. A macroeconomic model named MAGNET and a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model were employed for the analysis. Two diets were modelled, an adaptation of the EAT diet considering existing intakes in Mexico and a version proposed here based on traditional eating patterns (i.e., Milpa diet). Our results showcased that the magnitude of the changes needed to attain the proposed dietary intakes is such that fiscal policies alone were found implausible. We thus modelled the change to two thirds of the EAT targets by 2040 (the goal was 100% of the EAT targets by 2050). Still, to keep fiscal policies feasible (up to +/-80% ad-valorem tax rates) 75% of the required change in consumption would need to come from other strategies. Substantial environmental gains are expected from the adoption of the EAT diet, and at the same time, foods would be more affordable for all but the poorer households. At the household level, subsidies would improve the intakes of fruits, vegetables and added fats, but the targets would be attained only by the highest income households and possibly by the urban households. Subsidies would be ineffective to reach the intake target for plant-based proteins. Given the projected progress, increased taxes are strongly advised for the foods with targeted intake reductions, particularly for the well-off and urban households. Policy makers should be cautious in the design of taxes to dairy foods, as these could lead to excessive intake reductions among vulnerable populations.
“OXFORD DICTIONARY OF IDIOMS” ADLI SÖZLÜKTEKİ “R” HARFİNİN ALTINDA BULUNAN DEYİMLER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AKYALÇIN Necmi
Published: January 2023

Söz varlığı; bir dilin içindeki deyimler, atasözleri, ikilemeler, kalıp sözler vb. ögelerden oluşmaktadır. Her dildeki deyimler; sayıca farklıdır. Bir dilin söz varlığı çalışması, deyimler olmadan düşünülemez. Sayıları değişiklik gösterse de deyimler, her dilin söz varlığında yer almaktadır. Her dilde deyimler üzerinde yapılmış çalışmalar vardır. Bu çalışmalardan en önemlileri sözlüklerdir. Deyimler sözlüklerinin hazırlandığı dillerden biri de İngilizcedir. “Oxford Dictionary of Idioms” bu çalışmalardan birisidir. İncelendiğinde bu sözlükte deyim olmayan söz öbeklerinin de deyim olarak değerlendirildiği görülecektir. Çalışmanın evrenini, bu deyimler Sözlüğü, konusunu ise sözlüğün “R” harfi altındaki deyim olarak değerlendirilebilecek madde başları oluşturmaktadır. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, İ, J, K, L, M, N, O ve P harflerinin madde başları, daha önceki X (on) makalede incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, önceki X (on) çalışmanın devamı niteliğinde olduğundan, bundan önceki çalışmalardaki saptama ve değerlendirmeler doğrultusunda “R” harfi ele alınmıştır. 322 söz öbeğinin içerisinden 121 söz öbeğinin deyim olabileceği değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Numerical simulation of heavy rail transit vehicle collision and analysis of collision force characteristics
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Chun
Published: January 2023

The collision force of a heavy rail transit vehicle hitting a bridge pier is affected by many factors. In order to investigate the characteristics of the collision force when a heavy rail transit vehicle hits a bridge, the finite element software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the impact of a heavy rail transit vehicle on a bridge. The influence of the vehicle speed of heavy rail transit vehicles, the strength of bridge pier concrete, the spacing of pier stirrups, the ratio of pier stirrup reinforcement, and the eccentric distance between the vehicle and the bridge pier on the characteristics of the collision force. The simulation analysis results show that the total deformation frequency around the impact point of the bridge pier and the heavy rail transit vehicle decreases as the distance from the impact point increases, and the deformation frequency in the vicinity of the impact point is the largest. The speed of the heavy rail transit vehicle, the concrete strength of the bridge pier, the reinforcement ratio of the pier stirrup, the larger the eccentric distance between the vehicle and the bridge pier, and the smaller the spacing between the stirrups, the greater the collision force when the heavy rail transit vehicle hits the bridge pier.
O uso de canabidiol (CBD) em pacientes pediátricos com transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Augusto Ramos da , Souza Alessandra da Silva , Silva Jannaina Sther Leite Godinho , Silva Thiago Augusto Soares Monteiro da , Gomes Elisângela do Nascimento Fernandes , Silva Eliara Adelino da
Published: January 2023

O uso de Canabidiol (CBD) para aplicações clínicas tem ganhado atenção crescente devido à falta de propriedades psicoativas e benefícios potenciais que foram observados em certos estados de doença, como epilepsia pediátrica. Objetivo: identificar a população de pacientes recebendo tratamento medicamentoso com cannabis para autismo e avaliar a segurança e eficácia dessa terapia. Método: Este estudo tem como base a revisão de literatura que foi realizada a partir da análise das evidências clínicas que apoiam o uso de Canabidiol para crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) utilizando os bancos de dados, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, SciELO e LILACS. Para realizar a pesquisa foram utilizados os descritores “canabidiol”, “autismo”, “transtorno do espectro autismo”, “cannabis, “endocanabinoides”, “canabinóides” e “maconha”. Resultados: revelou-se nos estudos que existe respaldo para a indicações para o uso de canabidiol, porem em menor escala, sendo sua maior evidencia para distúrbios e comorbidade intelectual. Outro questionamento apontado nas pesquisas remeteu-se a necessidade de maiores evidencias e pesquisa para a recomendação do Canabidiol, além inserção do tema na área clínica. Conclusão: a pesquisa apontou os dilemas que pediatras e outros médicos muitas vezes enfrentam diante das recomendações na prática clínica. Torna-se necessário um conhecimento farmacológico e clinico do uso de Canabidiol, sendo assim necessário que os medico se familiarizem com as indicações do Canabidiol afim de orientar os familiares dos pacientes pediátricos sobre as limitações que existem nessa propriedade terapêutica para transtorno do espectro autismo. Os estudos apontam a necessidade de analisar mais profundamente as recomendações do Canabidiol afim de que seu uso passe a ser realidade no tratamento de transtorno do espectro do autismo no Brasil.
Palavra-Chave: Autismo; Canabidiol; Cannabis sativa; Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo.
The 2-Pyridone Antibacterial Agents: 8-Position Modifications
Authors: K. L. Fung Anthony , Shen Linus L.
Published: January 2023

Improved potency against multiply resistant streptococci and anaerobic microorganisms relative to current antibiotics has been sought by many laboratories around the world. As one result of attempts to prepare analogs of 4-quinolone anti­ infectives bearing novel ring systems, the 2-pyridones were discovered. The 2- pyridones, which are bioisosteres of 4-quinolones, are highly active against a wide
range of resistant strains of bacteria. Several hundreds of 2-pyridones have been synthesized incorporating modifications at various positions. In order to reduce the complexity of this review, only the widely adopted 8-position modifications (corresponding to the 7-position of the quinolones) will be discussed here. From scientific publications and patents, it is clear that many of the 2-pyridones are very promising candidates and yet only selective members of these compounds have been advanced to detailed preclinical trials. Among the promising candidates, A-170568 was demonstrated to have the best overall profile in terms of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities, safety profile, and tissue penetration.
One-dimensional Polymeric Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Upadhyay Aakash , Gulati Monica , Singh Dilpreet , Chawla Pooja A. , Chawla Viney
Published: January 2023

Nanocomposites have become a promising approach for drug delivery in the pharmaceutical
field due to several benefits and current research development. Polymer nanocomposites
(PNCs) are blends of nanomaterials and polymers with at least one-dimensional structure and
one component in the sub-100 nm range. By incorporating nanoparticles into the polymer matrix,
it is feasible to create a new class of given characteristics. Nano-clay (a type of nanocomposite)
is mainly used for the controlled release of therapeutics in various disease conditions.
Nanocomposites are promising drug delivery systems due to several advantages, including surface
and rheological characteristics. Considering physical and chemical properties, nanocomposites
are divided into two different components. Polymer-fabricated nanocomposites are potentially
used in multi-particulate systems, which results in a controlled drug release profile with
improved mechanical integrity. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery nanocomposites offer an
improved half-life, greater biocompatibility, minimum immunogenicity, site-specific targeting,
and avoid membrane barriers. Specifically, one-dimensional (1D) nanocomposites show promising
responses in theranostics due to improved surface area-to-volume ratios that offer specific
targeting, improved encapsulation efficiency, and susceptibility to biomolecules.
Exploring the Role of Nanotherapeutics for Diagnosis and Treatment of
Solid Tumor
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Akter Rokeya , Kumar Manish , Bhatt Shailendra , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Tagde Priti , Pandey Parijat , Mittal Vineet , Purohit Deepika , Redhu Rakesh , Rahman Md. Habibur , Kaushik Deepak
Published: January 2023

Background:

Tumors are increasingly heterogeneous throughout the process of their
growth, producing a mixed-cell community with a range of molecular features and susceptibility
to therapies. Nanotechnology has shown tremendous potential in diagnosing and treating solid
tumors.

Objective:

Most cancer-related deaths are attributed to the lack of early detection and effective
treatment. Its early diagnosis helps overall survival and health-related quality of life in patients
identified with cancer. Nanosystems are favorable for endocytic intracellular retention, high drug
loading, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, greater drug-circulation time, superior dose scheduling
for patient compliance, and site-specific targeting. Integrating nanosystems into biomedical applications
will also reintroduce medicines that are no longer used in clinical practice because of
certain drawbacks and help the identification of new active medicines with their sub-optimal
kinetic profiles. This review provides insights about the targeted cancer treatment based on active
targeting (folate receptor-α, heat shock protein, receptor 2 for epidermal human growth
factor, and CD44 receptor) and various nano device-based systems.

Methodology:

The highly relevant articles were retrieved using various search engines, including
Web of Sciences, Science Direct, Scihub, PubMed, Scopus, PubChem, Google Scholar, and
others. The keywords and phrases used for the search are “liposomes,” “quantum dots,” “nanoparticles,”
“nanocrystals,” “photodynamic therapy,” “passive targeting,” “active targeting,” “nanomaterials,”
“nanotechnology,” “cancer,” “nanotheranostics” and several others. In this review,
we briefly introduced the concept of the contribution of nanotheranostics to cancer therapy with
their recent findings. We also discuss the role of biosensor-based nanosystems in cancer.

Conclusion:

This review addresses nanotechnology’s exciting role in identifying, imaging, and
managing solid tumors and their immense potential.
Use of Saliva to Assess the Adherence to Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic
Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: de Faria Baltazar Heloisa , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Castelo Paula Midori , da Costa Aguiar Alves Beatriz , Gascón Thaís , da Veiga Glaucia Luciano , Pereira Edimar Cristiano
Published: January 2023

Background:

The diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is made by demonstrating
the hypoglycemic condition, which involves the determination of plasma glucose, and the
follow-up of hypoglycemic treatment is performed by assessing the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
concentration.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the saliva as an alternative sample in assessing the
adherence to treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Methods:

We selected 68 patients with T2DM, who were subjected to venous blood and saliva
collection, in addition to answering a standardized questionnaire on adherence to hypoglycemic
treatment. Laboratory tests performed on saliva, whole blood, serum or plasma included assessment
of glycemia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol,
VLDL-cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin.

Results:

It was concluded that 82% of the patients adhered to hypoglycemic treatment based on
glycated hemoglobin concentration (cut-off value of 7.0%). Comparing the groups that adhered to
hypoglycemic treatment and those that did not adhere, statistical differences (P<0.05) were observed
in the glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin use (insulin therapy) parameters.
Plasma glucose and urea serum concentration showed positive correlations when compared to saliva
samples. Regarding the questionnaire, it was found that 35% of the patients presented positive
screening for belief barriers and 83% positive score for recall barriers, and the positive screening
correlated with glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusion:

Data have shown that it is possible to use saliva as an alternative sample to the laboratory
assessment of hypoglycemic treatment adherence in T2DM patients.
Działalność Gimnazjum Koedukacyjnego Księży Salezjanów w Ostrzeszowie w świetle zachowanych sprawozdań z wizytacji kuratoryjnych z lat 1933-1939
Authors: Gołdyn Piotr
Published: January 2023

W maju 1932 r. salezjanie odkupili od władz miasta w Ostrzeszowie gimnazjum, które prowadzili do wybuchu II wojny światowej, jak również po jej zakończeniu. Zachowały się w zasobach Archiwum Państwowego w Poznaniu sprawozdania z wizytacji prowadzonych przez Kuratorium Okręgu Szkolnego Poznańskiego w latach 1933-1939. Analiza tych dokumentów pozwala w sposób dość szczegółowy odtworzyć pewne wątki związane z funkcjonowaniem placówki, jak kwestia rozbudowy i przebudowy budynku oraz jego wyposażenia. Poza tym sprawozdania te dostarczają wiedzy na temat nauczycieli i uczniów, a także procesów dydaktycznego i wychowawczego. Poniższe rozważania uzupełniają stan dotychczasowej wiedzy na temat tej ważnej dla Ostrzeszowa i najbliżej okolicy placówki edukacyjnej.
NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES
Authors: PURWONINGSIH EMNI , AROZAL WAWAIMULI , LEE HEE J. , MUNIM ABDUL
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of leaves aqueous extract Moringa oleifera (MW) in chronic stress mouse models.

Methods: Water immersion and stress restraint for 16 d to obtain a chronic stress model animal. Moringa extract flour dissolved in Aquades, dose 800 mg/kg for 23 d, for chronic Stress+MOW group. Fluoxetine in aquades at a dose of 18 mg/kg BW for 23 d for chronic stress group+Fluoxetine. Aquades were given to normal mice (group N), and mice under chronic stress conditions (chronic stress control group). Furthermore, measure behavioral abnormalities by testing depressive behavior and oxidative stress parameters such as anxiety, Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF).

Results: Moringa oleifera water extract administration can improve behavioral disorders caused by stress by decreasing immobility time on the Force swim test, increasing time in the middle area, and increasing the number of returns to center areas on the Open field test. When chronically stressed mice were given fluoxetine and MOW, their MDA levels (p=0.008 and 0.041, respectively) and SOD activity (p=0.001 and 0.004) decreased significantly compared to the chronic stress control group. In contrast, Catalase activity increased significantly in chronically stressed mice given fluoxetine and MOW compared to the chronic stress control group (p=0.010 and 0.013). Administration of fluoxetine and MOW may increase the expression of mRNA BDNF compared to the chronic stress control group (p=0.000 and 0.013).

Conclusion: The study found that MOW can improve behavioral abnormalities, namely anxiety and depression behavior caused by chronic stress exposure, through antioxidant pathways and oxidant systems, and also BDNF
OPTIMIZATION OF ACYCLOVIR SUSPENSION: FORMULATING DEVELOPMENT USING NA-CMC AND QUALITY CONTROL OF FINISHED PRODUCTS
Authors: MUSTARICHIE RESMI , PRIAMBODO DRAJAD , RAMDHANI DANNI , SAPTARINI NYI MEKAR
Published: January 2023

Objective: Acyclovir is widely used as a potent antiviral drug to treat viral infections of herpes and varicella-zoster families. Unfortunately, the drug has a very poor oral bioavailability character (15-30%). The purpose of this study was to develop a formulation of acyclovir suspension with a simple suspension method using Na-CMC (carboxymethylcellulose sodium), and to carry out quality control of the finished product.

Methods: The formulation was developed by designing variations in Na-CMC concentration and quality control, including pH, viscosity, dispersibility, storage stability, microscopic measurement, sedimentation volume, and evaluation of acyclovir levels. Quality control is to evaluate the suspension in order to obtain good and stable physicochemical properties of the suspension.

Results: Design variations of Na-CMC concentrations of 1.4%, 1.5%, and 1.6% resulted in a homogeneous suspension and easily dispersed perfectly. The three formulas did not have a significant difference in the value of viscosity, permeability, and sedimentation volume, which were not significant. All formulas have pseudoplastic flow properties, with good particle size uniformity in the range of 0–13 µm. The stability of pH during storage time was shown by the formula with 1.5% Na-CMC.

Conclusion: The acyclovir suspension with 1.5% Na-CMC concentration was the best compared to the other formulas in terms of stability and physicochemical properties.
NICLOSAMIDE: A POTENTIAL TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID-19
Authors: VIBHUTE SHWETA , KASAR ADITI , MAHALE HRISHIKESH , GAIKWAD MAHESH , KULKARNI MADHUR
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global health hazard due to its rapid dissemination and limited treatment options. Identification of possible treatments that may kill the virus, speed up the recovery, or reduce the case fatality rate is a need of hour. However, developing and producing particular COVID-19 medicines and vaccines is a time-consuming process with possibilities of clinical failures due to safety or efficacy issue. Medication repositioning is a safer and quicker approach for dealing with the COVID-19 worldwide threat right now. Out of 48 FDA-approved medicines tested against SARS-CoV-2, niclosamide is one amongst few that has shown potential in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, the currently available oral conventional formulation of niclosamide results in systemic medication levels those are unsatisfactory to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Hence, various formulation strategies have been adapted in order to achieve an optimum therapeutic outcome of niclosamide when delivered via oral, inhalation, and intranasal routes. Some of these formulations are presently undergoing clinical trials. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of niclosamide and its repurposing effectiveness against COVID-19. The delivery strategies to improve its bioavailability have been overviewed. The recently completed and ongoing clinical trials have also been summarized.