bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applied strain effect to the luminosity and divergence of neutron monochromator with fully asymmetric diffraction
Authors: Muslih M R , Apriansyah R , Mikula
Published: February 2020

The effect of applied strain on the luminosity and divergence of neutron monochromator with fully asymmetric diffraction geometry will be reported. The monochromator used silicon single crystal with 200 x 30 x 4 mm3, which has the parallel face of the crystal to the planes (220). The plain used for this monochromator was (311), which has a 31.5 degree to the (220) face. Fully asymmetric diffraction geometry had been fulfilled with the take-of-angle of the monochromator at 63 degrees. Four lines are bending system used for applying the strain to the crystal, which remote-controlled by computer. The 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 microStrain (uStrain) applied the monochromator crystal respectively. Diffracted neutron from the monochromator was monitored by using a neutron camera for evaluating the luminosity and divergence of the beam. The wavelength of the monochromatized beam was calibrated by using a Nickel rod.
Leaching kinetics of Sodium Zirconate in Hydrochloric Acid based on shrinking core models
Authors: Setyadji Moch , Sudaryadi
Published: February 2020

The leaching kinetics of sodium zirconate in hydrochloric acid has been studied. Sodium zirconate was the result of melting zircon sand after separation from sodium silicate. The variables studied were temperature, contact time and the mole ratio of solvent to feed (R). These study aims are to determine the optimum conditions, the reaction rate controller and the reaction rate constant (k) and activation energy (Ea) for the leaching process of sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3).This experiment performed by leaching the sodium zirconate in hydrochloric acid with various temperatures of 50 °C, 70 °C and 90 °C, the mole ratio of solvent to feed of 5, 7 and 9, and various contact time of 10 minutes to 50 minutes. The experimental data were analyzed according to the kinetic models for heterogeneous reaction processes by using shrinking core models. It was found that the leaching of sodium zirconate in hydrochloric acid solution is controlled by chemical reaction with the activation energy was-62.974 kJ/mol. The optimum conditions for the performed experiment in the leaching step were achieved at a temperature of 50 °C, the mol ratio of solvent to feed of 5 and contact time of 50 minutes with the conversion of sodium zirconate was 43.43% and the value of reaction rate constant was 0.0027 min−1.
Simulation of water flow in a conduit using radiotracer-axial dispersion model
Authors: Sugiharto S
Published: February 2020

A simple radiotracer experiment has been carried out to simulate water flow in a conduit made of PVC plastic with a diameter of 2 in. (50.8 mm). The water was supplied from a water tank with a volume of 500 liters During the experiment flow rate of water in the conduit was maintained constant at a speed of 0.2 m.s−1 by adjusting valve at the farthest end of the conduit. Br-82 isotope solution in a concentration of 1 mCi.ml−1 was injected instantaneously into the conduit. Injected isotope follows the bulk flow of water in the conduit. A scintillation NaI(Tl) radiation detector which was placed on the conduit at a distance of 8 m from injection point captures the radiation energy of injected radiotracer when passing it and generate residence time distribution (RTD) curve which represent isotope particle spent in the conduit. To get meaningful information, a mathematical simulation so-called the axial dispersion model has been developed to evaluate the RTD curve with Peclet number, Pe, as a model parameter. The best fitting of the RTD curve model onto the experimental one was achieved when the Pe is equal to 13. The calculated fitting error was 0.003, very extremely low as expected. This result indicated that the axial dispersion model was able to quantify water flow and simulated Peclet number indicated that convection flow is more dominant compared to the radial flow.
Synthesis of bio-polymer based chitosan and starch with methyl orange dyes as a material potential for low dose gamma film dosimeter
Authors: Ariyanti D , Saputri W
Published: February 2020

Low dose gamma film dosimeter based on chitosan and starch bio-polymer with methyl orange dyes has been synthesized and characterized. The aim of this research was to synthesis radiochromic film dosimeter used biopolymer material such as chitosan and starch with methyl orange dyes as the color indicator and also to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on film dosimeter response. The film dosimeter was prepared by mixing chitosan and starch at gelatinization temperature then added with methyl orange dyes. Biopolymer solution then casting on the flat glass to produce a thin film with uniform thickness, after that film dosimeter was irradiated at 1, 3, 5, and 9 kGy. To analyze the quantitative response of irradiation, the film dosimeter was characterized by UV-Visible. The result shows that the film dosimeter has changed its color as a response to the irradiation. The higher the dose of gamma irradiation, the higher the net absorbance of it. This research showed that bio-polymer based chitosan and starch is material that has the potential for low dose gamma dosimeter.
Yield stability analysis of rice mutant lines using AMMI method
Authors: Rahayu S
Published: February 2020

The development of the rice cultivation area is needed to increase rice productivity through expanding of marginal land especially in high-elevation areas of Indonesia. Temperature, solar radiation and rainfall influence rice yield by directly affecting the physiological processes involved in grain production. The effects of abiotic stress on grain yield and yield components vary with the growth stage, depending on variety and weather conditions. The major conlinet of rice cultivation in high elevation areas is the lack of cold tolerance varieties. The objective of this research was to obtain the information on the stability of rice genotypes to be adapted in highland across three different high-elevations (700, 900 and 1200 m above sea level). The rice genotypes derived from mutation induction and hybridization treatment were cultivated in the dry season and rainy season. The AMMI analysis revealed KN-10-111, KN-20-124 and RB-10-98 mutant lines were the most stable genotypes across environments evaluated. KK-10-249 mutant line was specific in 900 m above sea level area, C4-30-21, RB-10-95 and KN-20-127 mutant lines adapted in 700 m above sea level area (dry season) whereas B-30-82, IPB117-F-20 and C3-10-171 lines specified in the rainy season. PK-20-133 mutant line had stability in 1200 m above sea level area (rainy season) while OS-30-199 and Sarinah genotypes more stable in the dry season with low temperatures stress conditions. The stable and promising mutant lines could be released and developed a new variety to improve the yield of rice highland adapted.
Alkaline Comet Assay as a Predictor of DNA Damage in Medical Radiation Workers
Authors: Surniyantoro H N E , Darlina  , Rahardjo T
Published: February 2020

The study was aimed to examine the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage level between medical and non-medical radiation workers using the comet assay method. The radiation-exposed group (29 subjects) and the control group (29 subjects) were chosen from the administration staff. The assessment of single-strand DNA damage hosted by peripheral blood lymphocyte was performed using the alkaline comet assay, the tail length and long-tailed DNA were measured to detect the DNA damage. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the statistical difference between groups. The results showed that comet tail length mean measured in the exposed worker’s group was 25.57±4.4 μm whereas the mean percentage of long-tailed DNA was 6.97±1.53. In the control group, the mean tail length was 23.15±7.57 μm and the long-tailed nucleus percentage was 5.65±1.99. Mean values for the tail length measured were no significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the control group (P=0.15), whereas the percentage of long-tailed nuclei was significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the control group (P=0.007) . The observed single-strand DNA can be measured by using the alkaline comet assay. The DNA damage can be influenced by radiation exposure in medical radiation workers.
Investigation on neutronic properties of ZrC coated advanced TRISO fuel for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors
Authors: Aziz F , Panitra M , Rivai A K , Silalahi M , Sabrina N , Dani M , Setiawan M B , Setiadipura T
Published: February 2020

An experimental 10 MWt power reactor based on high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology has been planned for Indonesia. The concept was initiated at the end of 2014, and the basic engineering design was completed in 2017. Currently, the development program is focused on detailed engineering design. The type of fuel aimed in the design is a pebble-bed type that contains fuel kernels made of uranium dioxide (UO2) coated in four layers of three isotropic materials. Those layers are a porous buffer layer made of carbon, usually followed by a dense inner layer of pyrolytic carbon (PyC), followed by a ceramic layer of silicon carbide (SiC) to retain fission products, and after that by a dense outer layer of PyC. One of the issues of the fuel system is the problem of corrosion caused by the interaction of fission products such as silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) with the SiC layer. One of the candidates to resolve the issue is to replace SiC with zirconium carbide (ZrC) which is more resistant to corrosion at high temperatures. In this study, we investigate the effects of the replacement on the neutronic properties of the reactor design at different operating temperatures. For the purpose, we use the SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) system to calculate the energy spectrum and multiplication factors of the advanced TRISO fuel design. The result of the investigation showed that, in terms of the Doppler coefficient of reactivity, the use of ZrC seems to act more favorably than that of SiC. However, ZrC increases the parasitic neutron capture in the fuel system resulting in lower initial core reactivity which was also confirmed by a slight hardening of the neutron spectrum.
Improvement of bioethanol production in cornstalk fermentation through hydrolysis by fungi Trichoderma reesei exposed to gamma rays
Authors: Mulyana Nana , Dyah Larasati Tri Retno , Nurbayti Siti , A’yuni Qurrota
Published: February 2020

The utilization of cornstalk as a raw material for bioethanol production is an alternative solution to increase the added value of lignocellulose from agricultural wastes. The glucose content of lignocellulose material can be increased through the hydrolysis process by cellulolytic microorganisms. This research aims to obtain fungi Trichoderma reesei which capable of optimizing glucose content on lignocellulose materials and influence to increase in bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The experiments were conducted with 2 factorials consist of substrates pre-treatments and hydrolysis. Pre-treatment of substrates by aqua dest (S1), 1% H2SO4 (S2) and 1% NaOH (S3) solution. Treatments of hydrolysis consist of control (K) and fungi T.reesei 750 Gray (H). The fungi T.reesei 750 Gray was obtained from optimizing by gamma rays at a dose of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 Gray. The fungi T. reesei 750 Gy have the specific cellulase activity about 0.24 U/mg higher than the fungi T. reesei 0 Gy about 0.16 U/mg. Pre-treatment of substrates with 1% NaOH (1: 5 w/v) solution and hydrolysis by fungi T.reesei 750 Gray (S3H) is suitable for solid fermentation with S.cerevisiae. After 2 days of solid fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the bioethanol contents in S3H medium about 387 ppm while S1K (control) about 196 ppm or increase about 98% (ppm/ppm). This result is expected to be an alternative solution for the utilization of cornstalk for bioethanol production.
Occupational dose during an interventional radiology procedure
Authors: Kartikasari D , Nuraeni N , Sofyan H , Hiswara E
Published: February 2020

The development of radiation utilization, in medical application, increases every year. One of them was the interventional radiology facility. Interventional radiology has been chosen to replace invasive procedures for diagnosing and cure several cases of the blood system. However large radiation exposure for radiation workers remains the main potential of an occupational hazard. Therefore, radiation protection plays an important role in ensuring the occupational dose does not exceed the regulated limits by BAPETEN. The purpose of this study was to determine the estimated effective dose (mSv) received by radiation workers undergoing interventional procedures. Occupational doses were measured using the thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) chips which placed on critical organ areas such as thyroid, thorax and gonads / ovaries during interventional procedures. In this study, the interventional procedures carried out for PCI, embolization, PTCA, limb intervention, thoracic intervention and cerebral intervention. The TLD was then read using the TLD Reader 3500 Harshaw. The results of this study showed mean effective dose received by doctors, nurses and radiographers in several hospitals in Indonesia due to carrying out interventional procedures was 0.043 ± 0.034, 0.048 ± 0.064 and 0.047 ± 0.031, respectively. The dose received by the radiation worker is still below the limit regulated by BAPETEN, which is 20 mSv / year. These doses were varied based on the type of interventional procedure and the time of fluoroscopy.
Pharmacokinetics interaction study of 99mTc-glutathione radiopharmaceutical with doxorubicin in mice (mus musculus)
Authors: Wibawa Teguh H A , Kurniawan Ahmad , Iswahyudi  , Daruwati Isti
Published: February 2020

The use of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis and therapy is increasing. The radiopharmaceutical is also used to monitor the progress of a disease and determine the appropriate treatment. However, the use of radiopharmaceuticals needs to pay attention to the alteration in pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicity that are influenced by the drugs consumed by patients. Interaction between drugs with radiopharmaceuticals will cause alteration in pharmacokinetic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic interaction of “-Tc-Glutathione radiopharmaceuticals with doxorubicin cancer drug in mice (Mus musculus). The pharmacokinetic studies were performed using four groups of animal model and each group consists of three rats. The groups were classified to normal mice without treatment of doxorubicin as normal mice control (I), normal mice treated with doxorubicin (II), cancer model mice without treatment of doxorubicin as cancer model mice control (III), and cancer model mice treated with doxorubicin (IV). The radioactivity in blood at a certain interval was then calculated to determine the distribution and elimination half-time. The distribution halftime of group I, II, III, and IV were 0.004±0.001, 0.0037±0.0001, 0.003±0.0001, and 0.0037±0.0001 hours, respectively, while the elimination half-time were 5.310±1.050, 10.7344±0.4692, 72.712±2.427, and 26.9320±7.8152 hours, respectively. The results of the T-test showed that there was a significant difference in elimination half-life of 99mTc-Glutathione between the treated group and the control group. These results indicate that administration of the doxorubicin before administration of 99m-Tc-Glutathione needs to be avoided because it can alter the elimination half-life of »-Tc-Glutathione. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for clinicians in nuclear medicine to avoid the interpretation of incorrect diagnosis results, to achieve high-quality health service and will have a positive impact on the appropriate treatment for patients.
Design of power control system for automatic operation of the Kartini reactor
Authors: Sutanto  , Iskandar Fatima Ramadhanisa , Wahyono Puradwi Ismu
Published: February 2020

Kartini research reactor which is located at Yogyakarta Indonesia is intended for research, education and training. Students from universities around the city use the reactor for experiments regularly. Regarding the plan of building the first nuclear power plant in Indonesia, the reactor could be improved as the facility of a nuclear power simulator for personnel training of a nuclear power plant. Some improvements on instrumentation and control system were conducted to support the purpose, such as developments of data acquisition of reactor operation parameters, and internet reactor laboratory for remote experiment through the internet connection. However, a power control system for the automatic operation of the reactor is not developed yet. It is important to design an automatic power control for the improvement of the reactor as a simulator of a light-water nuclear power plant. This paper discusses the design of power control of the Kartini reactor based on the Kartini reactor accident and transient code. The control model refers to that of a light water-cooled nuclear power plant. Calculation results show that the control model is applicable to the Kartini reactor. The criterion of SCRAM actuation of the Kartini reactor is satisfied by a small value (0.1) of a control parameter of b. In the future, the control rod simulator which is available in the Kartini reactor might be used to simulate the control system before it is realized to the real reactor.
The synthesis and characterization of rare-earth hydroxide as a processed result of monazite sand
Authors: Samin  , Setiawan Kurnia , Anggraini Mutia , Sunanti Susanna Tuning
Published: February 2020

The synthesis and characterization of rare-earth hydroxide as a processed result of monazite sand have been carried out. The synthesis and characterization of rare-earth hydroxide resulting from monazite sand processing are necessary to support the pilot plant activity of rare earth hydroxide produced in the Center of Nuclear Mines Technology BATAN. Rare-earth hydroxide is produced through several stages of the process, namely decomposition of monazite sand with NaOH at 140 °C, partial dissolution with HCl at 80 °C, uranium and thorium deposition, and rare-earth hydroxide deposition with NH4OH. The rare-earth precipitate was dried in an oven at 110 °C. The rare-earth hydroxide produced is characterized and certified. The rare-earth hydroxide powder is homogenized, then a homogeneous test, stabilization test, and characterization test are conducted. In the evaluation of data obtained the rare earth hydroxide that has been homogeneous, stable, contains the minerals of perovskite (La0.9Sr0.1CrO3), villiaumite (NaF), calcium aluminum silicate (CaAl2Si2O8), bredigite (Ca13.5B0.3Mg1.8Mn0.4Si9O32) and cesium sodium uranium chloride (CsNaUCL6). Certificate of parametric test results in rare-earth hydroxide from 10 laboratories accredited with statistical methods obtained 8 rare earth elements, ie Ce: (27.670 ± 3.004) %, La: (13.846 ± 1.503) %, Nd: (8.447 ± 0.816) %, Y: (1.667 ± 0.140) %, Pr: (6.254 ± 0.286) %, Sm: (1.496 ± 0.330) %, Gd: (0.994 ± 0.211) % and Dy: (0.172 ± 0.005) %. Compared with the rare earth hydroxide product of Myanmar, in the rare earth hydroxide the result from Indonesian monazite sand, Pr content higher, but for Ce, La, Nd contents is lower.
In-situ battery measurement of LiFePO4 cathode during charge mechanism using x-ray diffraction
Authors: Hutamaningtyas Evangelin , Sudaryanto  , Sugeng Bambang , Honggowiranto Wagiyo , Kartini Evvy
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) as one of the essential rechargeable energy storage for supporting renewable technologies is currently a big issue. It is important to understand the mechanism of lithium-ion batteries in order to improve more durable batteries, long cyclable ability and better efficiency. This work aimed to use in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a powerful technique for acquiring a fundamental understanding of structure and phase transformations of lithium-ion battery during charge mechanism. The battery consists of LiFePO4 as cathode and graphite as anode material. The results show that some new Bragg peaks occur at 2θ of 39.97° and 47.26°. These indicate a phase transformation occurred from LiFePO4 to FePO4 during the charging mechanism. It can be concluded that in-situ XRD is a powerful tool to understand the phase transformation of lithium-ion batteries during the charging mechanism.
The current status of the internet reactor laboratory kartini research reactor for distance learning especially for higher education
Authors: Taxwim  , Hidayat U S , Susanto T H , Subchan M , Sugianto E , Anugerah A F , Aufani N , Baskoro Z , Satria R , Karsono W
Published: February 2020

The Kartini Reactor has been operating safely since March 1979 and has been used for research, education and training. Specifically for education and training, it has been utilized for online reactor physics practicum methods by utilizing the Kartini Reactor. This activity aims to enable students to learn and practice about nuclear reactors with distance learning methods, it adopts from the IAEA program under the name Internet based Reactor Laboratory (IRL). IRL is a physics reactor learning method using the internet that is used in distance learning with the reactor physics experiment guide (Protocol) which is already in regular practice (on site). IRL activities began in 2012 from the results of the reactor workshop at NCSU-America which has operated the IRL, then implemented at the Kartini reactor. IRL was first introduced at the International Youth Nuclear Summit in Jakarta in 2014 and introduced reactor operations to find out the dynamics of the operation of the Kartini reactor in collaboration with Adisutjipto College of Technology (STTA). Then continued collaboration between Center for Accelerator Science and Technology (PSTA) Yogyakarta, Center for Empowerment of Informatics and Nuclear Strategic Area (PPIKSN-BATAN) and Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology (STTN-BATAN). Through the IAEA expert mission in 2017, the IRL system works properly, although limited in three protocols which are reactor operation, power calibration, and fuel temperature reactivity coefficient. The IRL program was last tested for distance learning for FMIPA-UGM students in 2019, it has shown a good performance and we agreed to continue the IRL program as one of the student practicum activities.
Determination of internal and external hazard index of natural radioactivity in well water samples
Authors: Purnama D.S , Damayanti T
Published: February 2020

Well water is an environmental component that is always used by people but is vulnerable to contaminated. The impact of the contamination of water bodies could cause danger to human health. Water pollution could be caused by radioactivity that exceeds recommended limits. Source of radionuclide pollutants in water bodies could be caused by the operation of nuclear facilities. Analysis of radioactivity has been carried out on several samples of well water near the TRIGA 2000 reactor facility, followed by calculating the internal and external hazard index of radiation dose. The results of the analysis using a gamma spectrometer show that the radionuclides contained in well water samples are not fission products, but they are Ra-226, Bi-214, Pb-214 and K-40 in the form of natural radionuclides. The highest radioactivity in the sample was 5.808 Bq/L from K-40 and the lowest was 0.103 Bq/L from Bi-214. The internal and external hazard index has been determined where the internal hazard index was 0.013-0.023 while the external hazard index was 0.006-0.012 which is below the maximum hazard index value based on UNSCEAR which is ⩽ 1. So, based on the results of this study on the radioactivity parameters show that well water is still safe to be used.
Determination of radioactivity discharge limit to the atmosphere on Bandung nuclear area
Authors: Chussetijowati J , Seno H
Published: February 2020

The determination of radioactivity discharge limits to the atmosphere on Bandung Nuclear Area has been carried out. The purpose is that these values can be used to control the discharge of radioactivity from the TRIGA 2000 reactor stack and the labeled compounds and radiometry laboratory stack in the Area to the atmosphere. The determination method is using PC-CREAM software, assuming the discharge of radioactivity from the stack to the atmosphere occurs under normal conditions and occurs only once. The source terms discussed are radionuclides I-131 and Cs-137, while several the other source terms that were not discussed also contribute to this determination. The initial discharge limits of radioactivity I-131 and Cs-137 from the reactor stack of 4.46E-03 Bq/h and 1.26E+05 Bq/h respectively, while I-131 from the laboratory stack of 2.23E-02 Bq/h. The dose constraint for community members at a distance of 1000 m from the Area is set at 0.15 mSv/y. The parameter needed is source term, reactor building volume, the air flow rate in the reactor stack, stack height, angle and distance between the two stacks, meteorology, topographic roughness, and radionuclide pathway to the community. The result of the calculation obtained the discharge limits of radioactivity for I-131 and Cs-137 from the reactor stack of 7.07E-05 Bq/h and 2.00E+03 Bq/h respectively; and I-131 from the laboratory stack of 3.53E-04 Bq/h.
Blood pressure monitoring system: real time-continuous and noninvasive-electronic, based on magnetic dipole moment of the proton spin of hydrogen atoms in the blood
Authors: Jati B M E , Utomo A B S , Maruto G , Utomo Y R
Published: February 2020

This research is motivated by the fact that blood pressure monitoring devices currently available cannot be integrated practically with other electronic health monitoring devices. The research is aimed to obtain a real time-continuous and noninvasive-electronic blood pressure monitoring system with a magnetic coil technique. This technique is a simplified form of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique because the induced EMF that is obtained does not involve resonance but rather by sudden population changes and relaxation of the magnetic dipole moments of the proton spin of hydrogen atoms in the blood, both when systole and diastole. The benefit of this research output is that it can obtain noninvasive-electronic blood pressure monitoring devices, and the monitoring process does not interfere with blood flow in the branchial artery samples, so that the monitoring equipment can be integrated with other health monitoring equipment practically. The methodology of this research was carried out by placing a sample arm between two poles of a permanent magnet with a magnitude (7,300±200) gauss and his or her hand inside the receiver coil (involving 2,000 turns), after going through a 500 times voltage gain an induction EMF (in volts) was displayed on digital storage oscilloscope screen. This is done when the sample is relaxed (17 volts is obtained), shortly after jogging (26 volts), and the relaxed state a few moments later (12 volts). The result is that the induced EMF signal enlarges and widens shortly after jogging but slides back when the sample return to relaxed. It was concluded that this blood pressure monitoring equipment of the magnetic-coil technique could be used as a blood pressure monitor.
Radiation shielding design requirement in the proton energy measurement facility at DECY-13 cyclotron
Authors: Silakhuddin S , Suharni S , Wibowo K
Published: February 2020

The DECY-13 cyclotron is expected to produce a maximum energy of protons beam of 13 MeV. For testing the proton energy, a device for measuring photon energy using a stacked copper foil activation technique is currently being constructed. The activation caused the collision of a proton with copper foils and reactions of 63Cu(p,n)63Zn and 65Cu(p,n)65Zn have happened. These nuclear reactions produce neutron and gamma radiations; therefore, a study of radiation safety aspects is required to protect the hazard in the experiment of proton energy measurement. The study consists of designing for shielding construction based on radiation safety criteria and mainly determining the thickness of the shielding. The shielding material was portland cement concrete of K500 with a density of 2.3 gr/cm3. By setting a safe maximum dose rate of 50 mSv/year in the position of 350 cm from the neutron radiation source and the proton beam current was taken 1 μA, the required minimum thickness of concrete shielding was 110 cm.
Development of single sphere spectrometer with gold foil detector for neutron spectrometry
Authors: Rasito  , Bunawas
Published: February 2020

We developed a single sphere spectrometer (SSS) with a gold foil detector for neutron spectrometry. The detector of SSS is seven gold foil with 11 mm diameter and 0.18 mm thickness, which is placed in the polyethylene sphere of 30 cm diameter. The response of the detector was calculated for neutron in energy range 1×10−9 MeV up to 1 × 102 MeV using the Monte Carlo method by the MCNPX code system. The calculations were done based on the input of the SSS geometry model, source radiation, and fluence tally models. The validation of this SSS response was done with measure the neutron spectra from 252Cf standard source at the neutron calibration laboratory of the Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, and compared with Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS) LiI(Eu). Based on this comparison, it was known that the SSS Au foils measurement differs from the BSS LiI(Eu) by about 1%.
Analysis of heat transfer at electron beam machine 300 kV/20 mA laboratory
Authors: Arifudin Latif , Saefurrochman  , Suprapto  , Sutadi
Published: February 2020

Experimental and theoretical analysis of heat transfer at Electron Beam Machine (EBM) Laboratory in Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) are required to understand the heat transfer phenomena. The BATAN’s EBM is a typical 300 kV/20 mA. The room where EBM is based has to be set up according to the laboratory standard to perform at an optimum level. This work aims to evaluate if the installed two air conditioners with a total cooling capacity 160,000 Btu/hr inside the laboratory are sufficient to reach a temperature of 20 °C and atmospheric relative humidity (RH) from 45% to 55%. The laboratory was stacked up with brick, tinted glass window, aluminum door, and rolling door with a total volume of 836 m3. The experiment was performed in cloudy weather for six days from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. and the data of temperatures at each spot were taken every one hour. There were three conditions of this experiment, air conditioner running with laboratory lamps set to be off, air conditioner running with laboratory lamps set to be on, and air conditioner running with laboratory lamps set to be on and insulating 10.5 m2 rolling door with 50 mm Styrofoam respectively every two days. The result showed that for the first condition, the average temperature of laboratory and atmospheric relative humidity (RH) was 22.5 °C and 59%, respectively. In the second condition, the average temperature of laboratory and atmospheric relative humidity (RH) was 21.9 °C and 65% respectively, whereas, in the third condition, the average temperature of laboratory and atmospheric relative humidity (RH) were 19.9 °C and 49% respectively. This result indicates that adding thermal insulation such as Styrofoam inside the building helps the air conditioners to reach its targeted temperature and RH.
Determination of TRIGA 2000 reactor parameters for NAA absolute methods
Authors: Kurniawati S , Atmodjo DPD , Adventini N , Kusmartini I , Syahfitri WYN , Sari DK , Damastuti E , Lestiani DD , Santoso M
Published: February 2020

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a nuclear analytical technique for elemental analysis that has been widely applied in various fields such as environment, industry, health and food. It has high specificity and sensitivity for the analysis of elements with very low concentrations up to the picogram order. In Indonesia, NAA technique was developed in BATAN that has a research reactor as a neutron source. Relative method of NAA that uses the multi-elements standard as a comparison is widely used in Indonesia. At present, BATAN is developing an absolute method k0-NAA that has several advantages such as faster and more economics due to the reduction of multi-elements standard dependence. BATAN k0 Utility (BAkUL) beta version software has also been developed for data processing of the absolute methods. k0-NAA requires reactor parameters (α and f) as well as detector parameters for data analysis. The parameter f is the ratio of the thermal neutron flux to the epithermal whereas α is the epithermal spectrum deviation parameter from the 1/E distribution. The aim of this study is to measure parameters a and f using the triple bare monitor method by irradiating simultaneously Au and Zr without Cd cover. Measurement of reactor TRIGA 2000 parameters (α and f) were carried out at the irradiation positions CT1-1 and G17-2, and the results for α and f parameters at the CT1-1 irradiation position were -0,100 and 8.22 respectively, while at the G17-2 position was - 0.087 and 13.8. Each irradiation position has different α and f values so it is necessary to determine the reactor parameters for other irradiation positions. The measurement results α and f can be used for the next samples irradiation and as a database to support the application of the k0-NAA method in Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology (PSTNT) BATAN.
Determination of Marketing Strategies on Telecommunication Industry Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Fhilya C , Lesnussa YA , Ilwaru V Y I
Published: February 2020

The community’s need for telecommunications services is inseparable from everyday life. With the existing sophistication, the people of Ambon City want access to information that is diverse, easy, fast, and reliable. PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk., Ambon is one of the state-owned companies engaged in telecommunications. To compete in the development of internet-based access and tehnology, PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk., Ambon must make promotional programs that are attractive, informative, communicative, affordable, persuasive, and memorable. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method results in a presentation on the priority of promotional programs, namely, Promotion on Radio (17.9%), Festival (13.7%), Door To Door Marketing (12.9%), Open Table (12.7%), Website Promotion (11.2%), Advertise “add lips” on Radio (11.1%), Install Billboards (8.8%), Promotions with Banners (6.5%), and Advertisements in Newspapers (5.2 %).
Analysis of Tectonic Earthquake Characteristics in The Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat Indonesia and Its Surroundings
Authors: Wattimanela H J , Latupeirissa S J
Published: February 2020

The type of earthquake that is most often felt in Indonesia is tectonic earthquakes. This type of earthquake is caused by the movement of the earth’s crust due power generated by tectonic plate shifts. Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat is one of the earthquake prone areas in Indonesia. In this research, we will analysis of tectonic earthquakes characteristics in Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat by descriptive statistics concept approach and analysis type of data distribution earthquakes 2018. The Data used are tectonic earthquakes 2018 in Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat of Indonesia and sourced from the USGS earthquake catalog. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the Government of Indonesia and Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat in disaster mitigation planning in Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat.
Theoretical Analysis Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Resulted by Bioreduction Process
Authors: Roddu A K , Wahab A W , Ahmad A , Taba P , Sutapa I W
Published: February 2020

Analysis of the properties of gold nanoparticles produced through the bioreduction process using Abelmoschus esculentus leaves was carried out. The gold bioreduction process was carried out using Abelmoschus esculentus leaf extract mixed with stirring. Gold nanoparticles formed can be known from the color change of the yellow solution to the color purple. The gold nanoparticles produced were analyzed using XRD to determine the properties of the nanoparticles produced. The results of the analysis using XRD obtained four diffractograms as a characteristic of gold nanoparticles at an angle of 2θ: 37.82, 44.06, 64.42, and 77.53. Based on the calculation, the average size of the nanoparticles and the average size of the lattice length were 31.90 nm and 73.79 nm, respectively. The strain and stress values of gold nanoparticles produced were 4.8 × 10−5 and 12.57 MPa. In addition, the resulting crystal tends to have a crystal array with the Miller index (311). The energy density of gold nanoparticles is 3.35 KJ/m3.
Computational Study of Anthocyanin as Active Material in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Maahury M F , Martoprawiro M A
Published: February 2020

Computational calculations for anthocyanin (anthocyanidin-3-monoglucoside) compounds were performed to get structure and electronic properties from the three of anthocyanin which has potential as active material in the dye-sensitized solar cell. The calculations use Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d) for ground state geometry optimization and Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) for excited states single point calculation. All the calculations were conducted in the gas phase. Geometry optimization calculations show that structures of anthocyanin compounds are not planar. Single point calculation for excited states shows absorption wavelength is shorter than experimental data, with a difference between 7.3% to 8.3%. The density of HOMO-LUMO is spread only on anthocyanidin part. The LUMO density of the three compounds is mostly in the anchoring group. In terms of excitation energy from the composition of excitation and distribution of HOMO-LUMO, cyanidin-3-monoglucoside shows better potency as active material in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Functional Properties and Chemical Composition of Dried Surimi Mackerel (Scomberomorus Sp) With Different Cryoprotectants and Drying Methods
Authors: Kolanus J P M
Published: February 2020

Dried surimi is a form of surimi that has undergone drying process will be added to food as a food additive. Dried surimi must have a high nutritional content and a good functional properties. This research aims to analyze the functional properties and chemical composition of dried surimi with different cryoprotectants and drying method. This research consisted of sample preparation; making of wet and dried surimi then characterizing. Data analysis was performed descriptively. To determine the difference in significance between each treatment data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the analysis showed that the value of protein solubility ranged from 38.38 to 52.26%; water absorption 1.00 to 1.93%; kamba density 0.40 to 0.66%; viscosity 2.57 to 69.83 cP; water content 6.01 to7.35% and protein content 85.35 to 85.57%. The results of ANOVA of dried surimi showed that the type of cryoprotectant has a very significant effect on protein solubility; drying method and cryoprotectant type have very significant effect on water absorption and water content and drying method has very significant effect on protein content. Dried Surimi is classified as fish protein concentrate type A, with yield ranges from 26.3 to 40.2%.
Richness, Diversity And Evenness Of Birds In Small Island
Authors: Latumahina F S , Mardiatmoko G , Sahusilawane J
Published: February 2020

Birds play an important role as bioindicators of climate change. For this reason, it is important to know the species richness, diversity and evenness of birds found on small islands. The location of the study was in Haruku Island Maluku. Bird data collected included all bird species, taking into account certain bird species that are sensitive to environmental changes. Bird data collected by the Line Transect method is to use work lines on rectangular data plots in the specified location. This method was chosen because it can trace the plot area of data in a short time and allow repetition of data collection in one day according to the desired time. This method of analysis is to determine the level of diversity in the form of diversity indices, then to scale up the species abundance and then to calculate the estimated population density. The results of the study found 23 species of birds. There were 2 large families recorded, namely: Family Columbidae of 4 types, and Family Psittacidae as many as 5 types, while the other Family groups only had 2 or 1 types.The overall value of the bird species wealth index in 5 data transects is MEDIUM with the value of the Type Wealth Index 3.975863. Then the five Diversity Index of data transects is Medium with the Diversity Index value 2.710911452. Furthermore, the evenness index on five data transects has a fairly good value, which is included in the High Equity Index category with the Evenness Index value of 0.864588 which approaches the number one. From the analysis simulation results, it was found that the temperature aspect, in this case the temperature range at the study location when the data collection did not affect the number of bird species at all, while the estimated altitude aspect has the potential to influence the bird species encounter rate. This condition is quite reasonable because if we look at the data on the number of bird species collected on different transects of data placed in different segment elevations, there seems to be a tendency to increase altitude, so the number of species recorded tends to decrease.
Fatty Acid Profile of Fresh and Processed Shortfin Scad Fish (Decapterus macrosomma)
Authors: Manduapessy K R W , Kaimudin M
Published: February 2020

Fisheries resources in Indonesia, especially in Maluku including small pelagic fish species hold an important role in the daily consumption of the society. Small pelagic fish include fishes that are exist in the sea level such as cob fish (Auxis thazard), skipjack fish (Katsuwonus pelamis), layang fish (Decapterus macrosomma) and others. Chemically, fat is the esters of fatty acids and glycerol. Fats composed by fatty acids consisting of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The body’s ability to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids with two or double bond is very limited, so these fatty acids must be obtained from food. The purposes of this research are to know the type of fatty acids found in fresh and processed Shortfin scad fish; to know the content of fatty acids found in shortfin scad fish. The method used in this study includes the extraction of fat, then the process of transesterification and observation with GCMS. The results showed Fatty Acid Profiles of Fresh Shortfin scad Fish (Decapterus macrosomma) consisted of myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, heptadecanoic acid which are classified as saturated fatty acids, whereas unsaturated fatty acids include palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosanoic acid and oleic acid. Fatty acid profile of processed shortfin scad fish, smoked shortfin scad fish, are myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidict acid, lignoceric acid, behenic acid, pentadecanoic acid, margaric acid, mellisic acid that are classified as saturated fatty acids, while those classified as unsaturated fatty acids are palmitoleic acid, oktadecanoicacid, arachidonic acid and eicosanoic acid.
The Appropriate of Plant Propagation Technology of Yam (Dioscorea alata L) to Reduce Multiplication Ratio
Authors: Walsen A , Polnaya F , Lesilolo M K , Rehatta H , Lawalata I J
Published: February 2020

Plant propagation of yam (Dioscorea alata L) variety ubi putih is the one of cultivation technology to conserve the plant. Propagation of D.alata can use seed, stem sett, whole tuber, tissue culture, and small sett tuber. The choose of appropriate plant propagation can reduce propagation ratio is the important thing. Although the plant has significant potential aspect, the multiplication ratio is high. Farmers usually use the whole tuber to yield favorable tuber. Using small sett tuber is the appropriate plant propagation. Reducing the multiplication ratio of D.alata is the goal of this study. The research method used two treatment factors namely the weight of tuber cuttings and tuber cuttings part. The weight of tuber cuttings used was 10-15 g; 20-25 g; 30-35 g; 40-45 g; 50-55 g. Tuber cuttings consist of the base, middle, and tail. These treatments are arranged in a two-factor factoriall design. The tuber cuttings were planted with a spacing of 80 cm X 80 cm on beds with an area of 2.40 m 2.40 m, and were repeated three times. Each bed is planted with 16 tuber cuttings. The result shows that the small sett tuber can reduce the multiplication ratio of D.alata. Sett tuber 50-55 g get the highest yield tuber (2158g) and multiplication ratio 0.023.
Modulation of neuronal cell affinity of composite scaffolds based on polyhydroxyalkanoates and bioactive glasses
Authors: Lizarraga-Valderrama Lorena R , Nigmatullin Rinat , Ladino Bryan , Taylor Caroline S , Boccaccini Aldo R , Knowles Jonathan C , Claeyssens Frederik , Haycock John W , Roy Ipsita
Published: February 2020

The biocompatibility and neuron regenerating properties of various bioactive glass (BG)/polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) blend composites were assessed in order to study their suitability for peripheral nerve tissue applications, specifically as lumen structures for nerve guidance conduits. BG/PHA blend composites were fabricated using Bioactive glass® 45 S5 (BG1) and BG 1393 (BG2) with the 25:75 poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate/poly3-hydroxybutyrate), 25:75 P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend (PHA blend). Various concentrations of each BG (0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt%) were used to determine the effect of BG on neuronal growth and differentiation, in single culture using NG108-15 neuronal cells and in a co-culture along with RN22 Schwann cells. NG108-15 cells exhibited good growth and differentiation on all the PHA blend composites showing that both BGs have good biocompatibility at 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt% within the PHA blend. The Young’s modulus values displayed by all the PHA blend/BG composites ranged from 385.6 MPa to 1792.6 MPa, which are able to provide the required support and protective effect for the regeneration of peripheral nerves. More specifically, the tensile strength obtained in the PHA blend/BG1 (1.0 wt%) (10.0 ± 0.6 MPa) was found to be similar to that of the rabbit peroneal nerve. This composite also exhibited the best biological performance in supporting growth and neuronal differentiation among all the substrates. The neurite extension on this composite was found to be remarkable with the neurites forming a complex connection network.