bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking Glacial‐Interglacial States to Multiple Equilibria of Climate
Authors: Ferreira David , Marshall John , Ito Takamitsu , McGee David
Published: August 2018

Glacial‐interglacial cycles are often described as an amplified global response of the climate to perturbations in solar radiation caused by oscillations of Earth's orbit. However, it remains unclear whether internal feedbacks are large enough to account for the radically different glacial and interglacial states. Here we provide support for an alternative view: Glacial‐interglacial states are multiple equilibria of the climate system that exist for the same external forcing. We show that such multiple equilibria resembling glacial and interglacial states can be found in a complex coupled general circulation model of the ocean‐atmosphere‐sea ice system. The multiple states are sustained by ice‐albedo feedback modified by ocean heat transport and are not caused by the bistability of the ocean's overturning circulation. In addition, expansion/contraction of the Southern Hemisphere ice pack over regions of upwelling, regulating outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere, is the primary mechanism behind a large pCO2 change between states.
Paleomagnetic Rotation Constraints on the Deformation of the Northern Qaidam Marginal Thrust Belt and Implications for Strike‐Slip Faulting Along the Altyn Tagh Fault
Authors: Li Bingshuai , Yan Maodu , Zhang Weilin , Fang Xiaomin , Yang Yongpeng , Zhang Dawen , Chen Yi , Guan Chong
Published: August 2018

Discordant Cenozoic paleomagnetic rotation results obtained throughout the northeastern Tibetan Plateau have yielded different tectonic models for the evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Here based on detailed existing magnetostratigraphic age constraints, we carried out an in‐depth paleomagnetic study along the Hongliugou section in the middle northern Qaidam marginal thrust belt to address the Cenozoic rotations of this region. A total of 1,342 Jurassic‐Neogene siltstone‐sandstone core samples were collected from 128 sites across 18 time intervals. Rock magnetic analysis suggested that magnetite and hematite are the dominant magnetic carriers. Detailed thermal demagnetization analyses were performed, and the characteristic remanent magnetizations of 90 sites (743 samples) were obtained, which yielded positive fold and reversals tests, indicating that they likely represent primary magnetizations. Detailed paleomagnetic declination versus age analyses revealed three periods of rotations: ~12.5 ± 15.7° statistically insignificant counterclockwise rotations during ~45–33 Ma, successive clockwise rotations of ~32.2 ± 15.4° during ~33–14 Ma, and subsequent statistically insignificant counterclockwise rotations of ~8.7 ± 9.4° after ~14 Ma. These three periods of rotations are similar to those calculated based on previously available magnetostratigraphic data from the nearby Dahonggou section. Based on the integration of these data with other lines of geological evidence, we attributed the latter two periods of rotations to fast strike‐slip faulting along the Altyn Tagh Fault.
Low‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs From Rock Spring Uplift of Wyoming
Authors: Wang Heng , Alvarado Vladimir , McLaughlin J. Fred , Bagdonas Davin A. , Kaszuba John P. , Campbell Erin , Grana Dario
Published: August 2018

Laboratory measurements including gas (N2) porosity and permeability, time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance, thin section, and scanning electron microscopy analysis were conducted to obtain petrographical and petrophysical descriptions of the Weber Sandstone and Madison Limestone at the Rock Spring Uplift, a potential carbon dioxide storage site in Southwestern Wyoming. The relationships between pore structures, such as pore geometry, pore‐size distribution, pore network, and porosity/permeability are investigated. First, using thin sections combined with scanning electron microscopy for pore structures description, all samples are described in detail from the geological, petrographysical, and diagenetic viewpoint. Results show that within the Madison Limestone, pore types include intercrystalline, vuggy, moldic, or mixed (combination of all other pore types). Both moldic and vuggy pore types are associated with samples of high porosity and permeability. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time distributions show either bimodal or multimodal distributions. Large relaxation time components are associated with samples with large pores, whereas small components are dominated by small pores. The T2 geometric mean correlates well with gas permeability. Additionally, short‐time diffusion coefficients (D) were measured by pulsed field gradient method using a series of gradient strengths. We found that diffusion coefficient distributions correlate with the corresponding T2 distributions for macropores. By comparing the dominant peak position of T2 distributions and their corresponding diffusion coefficient distributions, we predicted the surface relaxivity of different rock types. We found that surface relaxivities of Weber Sandstone samples can be well predicted, while for Madison Limestone samples, surface relaxivities are overestimated due to diffusive pore coupling effect.
Multi-frequency dielectrophoretic characterization of single cells
Authors: Jaffe Alex , Voldman Joel
Published: August 2018

We explore the use of dielectrophoresis to discern the electrical properties of single cells by observing them at multiple frequencies. We first simulate experimental conditions to show that as we increase the number of measured frequencies, we are able to better discriminate among different cells. Furthermore, we use the simulation to find the optimal number and value of frequencies to use to best discriminate among different cells in general. We then fabricate a microfluidic device, calibrate it with polystyrene beads, and characterize it with BA/F3 cells. With this device, we test three different activation levels of HL60 cells treated with cytochalasin D using the optimal frequency sequence obtained in simulation to determine the differences in discrimination abilities depending on the number of frequencies used. We quantify the discrimination abilities of the optimal one, two, and three frequencies by minimizing 0-1 loss.
Enantioselective radical conjugate additions driven by a photoactive intramolecular iminium-ion-based EDA complex
Authors: Cao Zhong-Yan , Ghosh Tamal , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: August 2018

The photochemical activity of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes provides a way to generate radicals under mild conditions. This strategy has found application in chemical synthesis and recently in enantioselective catalysis. Reported methods classically relied on the formation of intermolecular EDA complexes, generated upon aggregation of two suitable reagents. Herein, we further expand the synthetic utility of this strategy demonstrating that an intramolecular EDA complex can trigger a photochemical catalytic enantioselective radical process. This approach enables radical conjugate additions to β-substituted cyclic enones to form quaternary carbon stereocenters with high stereocontrol using visible light irradiation. Crucial for success is the use of an amine catalyst, adorned with a carbazole moiety, which generates, upon condensation with enones, chiral iminium ions that show a broad absorption band in the visible region. This optical property originates from an intramolecular charge transfer π–π interaction between the electron-rich carbazole nucleus and the electron-deficient iminium double bond.
Mechanical glass transition revealed by the fracture toughness of metallic glasses
Authors: Ketkaew Jittisa , Chen Wen , Wang Hui , Datye Amit , Fan Meng , Pereira Gabriela , Schwarz Udo D. , Liu Ze , Yamada Rui , Dmowski Wojciech , Shattuck Mark D. , O’Hern Corey S. , Egami Takeshi , Bouchbinder Eran , Schroers Jan
Published: August 2018

The fracture toughness of glassy materials remains poorly understood. In large part, this is due to the disordered, intrinsically non-equilibrium nature of the glass structure, which challenges its theoretical description and experimental determination. We show that the notch fracture toughness of metallic glasses exhibits an abrupt toughening transition as a function of a well-controlled fictive temperature (Tf), which characterizes the average glass structure. The ordinary temperature, which has been previously associated with a ductile-to-brittle transition, is shown to play a secondary role. The observed transition is interpreted to result from a competition between the Tf-dependent plastic relaxation rate and an applied strain rate. Consequently, a similar toughening transition as a function of strain rate is predicted and demonstrated experimentally. The observed mechanical toughening transition bears strong similarities to the ordinary glass transition and explains the previously reported large scatter in fracture toughness data and ductile-to-brittle transitions.
Large anomalous Hall effect in the chiral-lattice antiferromagnet CoNb3S6
Authors: Ghimire Nirmal J. , Botana A. S. , Jiang J. S. , Zhang Junjie , Chen Y.-S. , Mitchell J. F.
Published: August 2018

An ordinary Hall effect in a conductor arises due to the Lorentz force acting on the charge carriers. In ferromagnets, an additional contribution to the Hall effect, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), appears proportional to the magnetization. While the AHE is not seen in a collinear antiferromagnet, with zero net magnetization, recently it has been shown that an intrinsic AHE can be non-zero in non-collinear antiferromagnets as well as in topological materials hosting Weyl nodes near the Fermi energy. Here we report a large anomalous Hall effect with Hall conductivity of 27 Ω−1 cm−1 in a chiral-lattice antiferromagnet, CoNb3S6 consisting of a small intrinsic ferromagnetic component (≈0.0013 μB per Co) along c-axis. This small moment alone cannot explain the observed size of the AHE. We attribute the AHE to either formation of a complex magnetic texture or the combined effect of the small intrinsic moment on the electronic band structure.
Single-particle mass spectrometry with arrays of frequency-addressed nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Sage Eric , Sansa Marc , Fostner Shawn , Defoort Martial , Gély Marc , Naik Akshay K. , Morel Robert , Duraffourg Laurent , Roukes Michael L. , Alava Thomas , Jourdan Guillaume , Colinet Eric , Masselon Christophe , Brenac Ariel , Hentz Sébastien
Published: August 2018

One of the main challenges to overcome to perform nanomechanical mass spectrometry analysis in a practical time frame stems from the size mismatch between the analyte beam and the small nanomechanical detector area. We report here the demonstration of mass spectrometry with arrays of 20 multiplexed nanomechanical resonators; each resonator is designed with a distinct resonance frequency which becomes its individual address. Mass spectra of metallic aggregates in the MDa range are acquired with more than one order of magnitude improvement in analysis time compared to individual resonators. A 20 NEMS array is probed in 150 ms with the same mass limit of detection as a single resonator. Spectra acquired with a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer in the same system show excellent agreement. We also demonstrate how mass spectrometry imaging at the single-particle level becomes possible by mapping a 4-cm-particle beam in the MDa range and above.
Probing warm dense matter using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a laser-produced betatron source
Authors: Mahieu B. , Jourdain N. , Ta Phuoc K. , Dorchies F. , Goddet J.-P. , Lifschitz A. , Renaudin P. , Lecherbourg L.
Published: August 2018

Exploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge. Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental probing method, as it can simultaneously reveal both electronic and atomic structures, and thus potentially unravel their nonequilibrium dynamic interplay which is at the origin of most of the ultrafast mechanisms. However, despite considerable efforts, there is still no femtosecond X-ray source suitable for routine experiments. Here we show that betatron radiation from relativistic laser−plasma interaction combines ideal features for femtosecond XAS. It has been used to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a copper sample brought at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure by a femtosecond laser pulse. We measured a rise-time of the electron temperature below 100 fs. This experiment demonstrates the great potential of the table-top betatron source which makes possible the investigation of unexplored ultrafast processes in manifold fields of research.
Interplay between epidermal stem cell dynamics and dermal deformation
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuaki , Yasugahira Yusuke , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Watanabe Mika , Natsuga Ken , Nagayama Masaharu
Published: August 2018

Tissue growth is a driving force of morphological changes in living systems. Whereas the buckling instability is known to play a crutial role for initiating spatial pattern formations in such growing systems, little is known about the rationale for succeeding morphological changes beyond this instability. In mammalian skin, the dermis has many protrusions toward the epidermis, and the epidermal stem cells are typically found on the tips of these protrusions. Although the initial instability may well be explained by the buckling involving the dermis and the basal layer, which contains proliferative cells, it does not dictate the direction of these protrusions, nor the spatial patterning of epidermal stem cells. Here we introduce a particle-based model of self-replicating cells on a deformable substrate composed of the dermis and the basement membrane, and investigate the relationship between dermal deformation and epidermal stem cell pattering on it. We show that our model reproduces the formation of dermal protrusions directing from the dermis to the epidermis, and preferential epidermal stem cell distributions on the tips of the dermal protrusions, which the basic buckling mechanism fails to explain. We argue that cell-type-dependent adhesion strengths of the cells to the basement membrane are crucial factors influencing these patterns.
Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal Escherichia coli from children in community settings in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ingle Danielle J. , Levine Myron M. , Kotloff Karen L. , Holt Kathryn E. , Robins-Browne Roy M.
Published: August 2018

The dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are poorly understood, especially in community settings, due to a sparsity of data on AMR prevalence and genetics. We used a combination of phenotyping, genomics and antimicrobial usage data to investigate patterns of AMR amongst atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains isolated from children younger than five years old in seven developing countries (four in sub-Saharan Africa and three in South Asia) over a three-year period. We detected high rates of AMR, with 65% of isolates displaying resistance to three or more drug classes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a diversity of known genetic mechanisms for AMR that accounted for >95% of phenotypic resistance, with comparable rates amongst aEPEC strains associated with diarrhoea or asymptomatic carriage. Genetic determinants of AMR were associated with the geographic location of isolates, not E. coli lineage, and AMR genes were frequently co-located, potentially enabling the acquisition of multi-drug resistance in a single step. Comparison of AMR with antimicrobial usage data showed that the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins was correlated with usage, which was higher in South Asia than in Africa. This study provides much-needed insights into the frequency and mechanisms of AMR in intestinal E. coli in children living in community settings in developing countries.
Loss of function of miR-342-3p results in MCT1 over-expression and contributes to oncogenic metabolic reprogramming in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Romero-Cordoba Sandra L. , Rodriguez-Cuevas Sergio , Bautista-Pina Veronica , Maffuz-Aziz Antonio , D’Ippolito Elvira , Cosentino Giulia , Baroni Sara , Iorio Marilena V. , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo
Published: August 2018

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive neoplasia lacking the expression of hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of miRNAs dysregulation in the establishment of cancer programs, but the functional role of many miRNAs remains unclear. The description of miRNAs roles might provide novel strategies for treatment. In the present work, an integrated analysis of miRNA transcriptional landscape was performed (N = 132), identifying the significant down-modulation of miR-342-3p in TNBC, probably because of the aberrant activity of estrogen receptor, which serves as a transcription factor of the miRNA, as demonstrated by a siRNA-knockdown approach. The enhanced expression of miR-342-3p significantly decreased cell proliferation, viability and migration rates of diverse TN cells in vitro. Bioinformatic and functional analyses revealed that miR-342-3p directly targets the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), which promotes lactate and glucose fluxes alteration, thus disrupting the metabolic homeostasis of tumor cells. Optical metabolic imaging assay defined a higher optical redox ratio in glycolytic cells overexpressing miR-342-3p. Furthermore, we found that hypoxic conditions and glucose starvation attenuate miR-342-3p expression, suggesting a crosstalk program between these metabolic factors. Consistently, miR-342-3p down-modulation is associated with an increased MCT1 expression level and glycolytic score in human triple negative tumors. Overall, we described for the first time the regulatory activity of miR-342-3p on relevant metabolic carcinogenic pathways in TN breast cancers.
Damage and Failure of Axonal Microtubule under Extreme High Strain Rate: An In-Silico Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Wu Yuan-Ting , Adnan Ashfaq
Published: August 2018

As a major cytoskeleton element of the axon, the breaking of microtubules (MTs) has been considered as a major cause of the axon degeneration. High strain rate loading is considered as one of the key factors in microtubule breaking. Due to the small size of microtubule, the real-time behavior of microtubule breaking is hard to capture. This study employs fully-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine the failure modes of microtubule under different loadings conditions such as, unidirectional stretching, bending and hydrostatic expansion. For each loading conditions, MT is subjected to extreme high strain rate (108–109 s−1) loading. We argue that such level of high strain rate may be realized during cavitation bubble implosion. For each loading type, we have determined the critical energy for MT rupture. The associated rupture mechanisms are also discussed. We observed that the stretching has the lowest energy barrier to break the MT at the nanosecond time scale. Moreover, the breakage between the dimers starts at ~16% of total strain when stretched, which is much smaller compared to the reported strain-at-failure (50%) for lower strain rate loading. It suggests that MT fails at a significantly smaller strain states when loaded at higher strain rates.
Metabolic syndrome status over 2 years predicts incident chronic kidney disease in mid-life adults: a 10-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Lee So Jin , Lee Hun Ju , Oh Hyun jeong , Go Taehwa , Kang Dae Ryong , Kim Jang Young , Huh Ji Hye
Published: August 2018

We investigated whether changes in MetS status over two years modify the 10-year risk of CKD and proteinuria. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 7,251 subjects without CKD at baseline. We categorized subjects according to MetS status over two years: non-MetS (no MetS at either visit), intermittent MetS (positive for MetS at one assessment), and persistent MetS (positive for MetS at two assessments). The hazard ratio (HR) of new-onset CKD over 10-year was calculated using Cox models. During the 10-year follow-up period, 923 (12.7%) developed CKD. Compared to the non-MetS group, the fully adjusted HR for new-onset CKD was the highest in the persistent MetS group (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.23–1.90), followed by the intermittent MetS group (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.59) (P for trend <0.001). The HR for developing proteinuria was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.15–2.79) in the persistent MetS group and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.42–1.19) in the intermittent MetS group when the non-MetS group was considered as the reference group. Temporal changes in MetS status over two years influenced the 10-year risk of incident CKD and proteinuria. Our findings suggest that monitoring and strictly controlling MetS are important in preventing renal function decline.
Exploring multiple effects of Zn0.15Mg0.85O nanoparticles on Bacillus subtilis and macrophages
Authors: Auger Sandrine , Henry Céline , Péchoux Christine , Suman Sneha , Lejal Nathalie , Bertho Nicolas , Larcher Thibaut , Stankic Slavica , Vidic Jasmina
Published: August 2018

The increasing number of multidrug resistant bacteria raises a serious public-health concern, which is exacerbated by the lack of new antibiotics. Metal oxide nanoparticles are already applied as an antibacterial additive in various products used in everyday life but their modes of action have remained unclear. Moreover, their potential negative effects to human health are still under evaluation. We explored effects of mixed metal oxide Zn0.15Mg0.85O on Bacillus subtilis, as a model bacterial organism, and on murine macrophages. Zn0.15Mg0.85O killed planktonic bacterial cells and prevented biofilm formation by causing membrane damages, oxidative stress and metal ions release. When exposed to a sub-inhibitory amount of Zn0.15Mg0.85O, B. subtilis up-regulates proteins involved in metal ions export, oxidative stress response and maintain of redox homeostasis. Moreover, expression profiles of proteins associated with information processing, metabolism, cell envelope and cell division were prominently changed. Multimode of action of Zn0.15Mg0.85O suggests that no single strategy may provide bacterial resistance. Macrophages tolerated Zn0.15Mg0.85O to some extend by both the primary phagocytosis of nanoparticles and the secondary phagocytosis of damaged cells. Bacterial co-treatment with ciprofloxacin and non-toxic amount of Zn0.15Mg0.85O increased antibiotic activity towards B. subtilis and E. coli.
Evaluation of platelet lysate as a substitute for FBS in explant and enzymatic isolation methods of human umbilical cord MSCs
Authors: Kandoi Sangeetha , L Praveen kumar , Patra Bamadeb , Vidyasekar Prasanna , Sivanesan Divya , S. Vijayalakshmi , K. Rajagopal , Verma Rama Shanker
Published: August 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immense potential for cell-based therapy of acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSC transplantation for cell-based therapy requires a substantial number of cells in the range of 0.5–2.5 × 106 cells/kg body weight of an individual. A prolific source of MSCs followed by in vitro propagation is therefore an absolute prerequisite for clinical applications. Umbilical cord tissue (UCT) is an abundantly available prolific source of MSC that are fetal in nature and have higher potential for ex-vivo expansion. However, the ex-vivo expansion of MSCs using a xenogeneic supplement such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) carries the risk of transmission of zoonotic infections and immunological reactions. We used platelet lysate (PL) as a xeno-free, allogeneic replacement for FBS and compared the biological and functional characteristics of MSC processed and expanded with PL and FBS by explant and enzymatic method. UCT-MSCs expanded using PL displayed typical immunophenotype, plasticity, immunomodulatory property and chromosomal stability. PL supplementation also showed 2-fold increase in MSC yield from explant culture with improved immunomodulatory activity as compared to enzymatically dissociated cultures. In conclusion, PL from expired platelets is a viable alternative to FBS for generating clinically relevant numbers of MSC from explant cultures over enzymatic method.
Ribcage measurements indicate greater lung capacity in Neanderthals and Lower Pleistocene hominins compared to modern humans
Authors: García-Martínez Daniel , Torres-Tamayo Nicole , Torres-Sánchez Isabel , García-Río Francisco , Rosas Antonio , Bastir Markus
Published: August 2018

Our most recent fossil relatives, the Neanderthals, had a large brain and a very heavy body compared to modern humans. This type of body requires high levels of energetic intake. While food (meat and fat consumption) is a source of energy, oxygen via respiration is also necessary for metabolism. We would therefore expect Neanderthals to have large respiratory capacities. Here we estimate the pulmonary capacities of Neanderthals, based on costal measurements and physiological data from a modern human comparative sample. The Kebara 2 male had a lung volume of about 9.04 l; Tabun C1, a female individual, a lung volume of 5.85 l; and a Neanderthal from the El Sidrón site, a lung volume of 9.03 l. These volumes are approximately 20% greater than the corresponding volumes of modern humans of the same body size and sex. These results show that the Neanderthal body was highly sensitive to energy supply.
The REMBRANDT study, a large collection of genomic data from brain cancer patients
Authors: Gusev Yuriy , Bhuvaneshwar Krithika , Song Lei , Zenklusen Jean-Claude , Fine Howard , Madhavan Subha
Published: August 2018

The Rembrandt brain cancer dataset includes 671 patients collected from 14 contributing institutions from 2004–2006. It is accessible for conducting clinical translational research using the open access Georgetown Database of Cancer (G-DOC) platform. In addition, the raw and processed genomics and transcriptomics data have also been made available via the public NCBI GEO repository as a super series GSE108476. Such combined datasets would provide researchers with a unique opportunity to conduct integrative analysis of gene expression and copy number changes in patients alongside clinical outcomes (overall survival) using this large brain cancer study.
Photoinitiators in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Andrzejewska Ewa
Published: August 2018

Ionic liquids (IL) are low melting organic salts with unique properties, which make them of increasing interest for applications as solvents, reaction media and functional additives. Polymerization in ILs is one of the methods of production of ionogels—polymer membranes containing immobilized ILs which are widely investigated, e.g. as solid polymer electrolytes. Application of photochemical initiation gives special advantages—very short reaction time, ambient reaction temperature and full control of the reaction. All this means that the interest in photopolymerization in ILs is continuously increasing. Therefore, development and investigation of photoinitiators suitable for application in IL-containing systems has become especially important. This review provides basic information on ILs, photochemical reactions in ILs and of ILs, photoinitiation in ILs, and IL-containing photoinitiators.
D–π–A-type Sulfonium Salt Photoinitiators for Photopolymerizations Under Near-UV and Visible Light-emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Jin Ming
Published: August 2018

A series of D–π–A-type sulfonium salt photoacid generators were designed and synthesized by molecular engineering through systematically changing electron-pushing groups, π-conjugated systems, the electron-withdrawing groups, and the number of branches. D–π–A-type sulfonium salt photoacid generators can effectively decompose under irradiation of UV–visible light-emitting diode (LED) light sources owing to the matching of their absorption spectra and the emitting spectra of LEDs. The light absorption and acid generation properties of these sulfonium salts were elucidated by UV–vis spectra, theoretical calculations, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry techniques, and electron spin resonance spin-trapping techniques. Results indicate that the introduction of strong electron-donating groups, certain π-conjugated structures, certain electron-withdrawing groups or two-branched structures are beneficial for the performance of photoacid generation. Most sulfonium salts can initiate versatile photopolymerizations under irradiation by a wide variety of UV and visible LEDs and show potential as two-photon photoinitiators for microfabrication technologies.
Tunable plasmonic colorimetric assay with inverse sensitivity for extracellular DNA quantification
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , Thanh Nguyen T. K. , Su Xiaodi
Published: August 2018

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a biomolecule commonly used to characterize microorganism communities in soil and aqueous environments.
Phase dependent structural perturbation of a robust multicomponent assembled icosahedral array
Authors: Ling Irene , Kumari Harshita , Mirzamani Marzieh , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Garvey Christopher J. , Atwood Jerry L. , Raston Colin L.
Published: August 2018

p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene, dipicolinate and yttrium(iii) ions self assemble into a robust distorted or regular icosahedral array in the solid and solution states respectively.
Abrupt spin transition in a modified-terpyridine cobalt(ii) complex with a highly-distorted [CoN6] core
Authors: Nakaya Manabu , Ohtani Ryo , Shin Jong Won , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: August 2018

The cobalt(ii) complex [Co(Naph-C2-terpy)2](BF2)2 (1) incorporating a highly distorted [CoN6] core was found to exhibit abrupt spin transition behavior, unlike solvated 1·2MeOH, which showed gradual spin crossover behavior.
Pro-vitamin A carotenoids stability and bioaccessibility from elite selection of biofortified cassava roots (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) processed to traditional flours and porridges
Authors: Aragón Ingrid J. , Ceballos Hernán , Dufour Dominique , Ferruzzi Mario G.
Published: August 2018

The effects of fermentation and thermal processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of pVAC from elite selections of biofortified cassava roots were assessed to determine the potential for genotype x processing effects.
Applications of tumor chip technology
Authors: Hachey Stephanie J. , Hughes Christopher C. W.
Published: August 2018

By surpassing the predictive accuracy of conventional 2D cell culture models, tumor chips can reduce reliance on animal models in line with the 3Rs initiative and eliminate false positive selection of ineffective or toxic drugs earlier in the drug development pipeline, saving time and resources. Most importantly, better predictability of human drug response will reduce human risk and improve patient outcomes.
Optofluidic differential colorimetry for rapid nitrite determination
Authors: Shi Y. , Liu H. L. , Zhu X. Q. , Zhu J. M. , Zuo Y. F. , Yang Y. , Jiang F. H. , Sun C. J. , Zhao W. H. , Han X. T.
Published: August 2018

Optofluidic differential colorimetry for rapid nitrite determination by the synergy of a colour reaction and a microfluidic network is presented.
MoS2@polydopamine-Ag nanosheets with enhanced antibacterial activity for effective treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and wound infection
Authors: Yuwen Lihui , Sun Yiting , Tan Guoliang , Xiu Weijun , Zhang Yuqian , Weng Lixing , Teng Zhaogang , Wang Lianhui
Published: August 2018

Ag nanoparticles modified MoS2 nanosheets with enhanced antibacterial activity were used for effective treatment of bacterial biofilms and wound infection.
Improving the electrical properties of InAs nanowire field effect transistors by covering them with Y2O3/HfO2 layers
Authors: Li Tong , Shen Rui , Sun Mei , Pan Dong , Zhang Jingmin , Xu Jun , Zhao Jianhua , Chen Qing
Published: August 2018

Y2O3/HfO2 layers improve the electrical properties of InAs NW devices by modifying the interface between InAs and the dielectric layer.
Degradation characterization and pathway analysis of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline in a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Wang Ji , Zhou Boyi , Ge Ruijia , Song Tian-shun , Yu Jinping , Xie Jingjing
Published: August 2018

The wide presence of antibiotics in the environment has raised concerns about their potential impact on ecological and human health.
Gene function prediction based on combining gene ontology hierarchy with multi-instance multi-label learning
Authors: Li Zejun , Liao Bo , Li Yun , Liu Wenhua , Chen Min , Cai Lijun
Published: August 2018

Gene function annotation is the main challenge in the post genome era, which is an important part of the genome annotation.
High performing triple-conductive Pr2NiO4+δanode for proton-conducting steam solid oxide electrolysis cell
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Guan Bo , Ma Liang , Hu Shanshan , Zhang Nan , Liu Xingbo
Published: August 2018

H+, O2−and electron triple-conductive layer-structured Pr2NiO4+δanode material shows excellent water-splitting performance on proton-conducting electrolyte.
Using machine learning algorithms to measure stellar magnetic fields
Authors: Ramírez Vélez J. C. , Yáñez Márquez C. , Córdova Barbosa J. P.
Published: August 2018

Context.Regression methods based on machine learning algorithms (MLA) have become an important tool for data analysis in many different disciplines.

Aims.In this work, we use MLA in an astrophysical context; our goal is to measure the mean longitudinal magnetic field in stars (Heff) from polarized spectra of high resolution, through the inversion of the so-called multi-line profiles.

Methods.Using synthetic data, we tested the performance of our technique considering different noise levels: In an ideal scenario of noise-free multi-line profiles, the inversion results are excellent; however, the accuracy of the inversions diminish considerably when noise is taken into account. We therefore propose a data pre-process in order to reduce the noise impact, which consists of a denoising profile process combined with an iterative inversion methodology.

Results.Applying this data pre-process, we find a considerable improvement of the inversions results, allowing to estimate the errors associated to the measurements of stellar magnetic fields at different noise levels.

Conclusions.We have successfully applied our data analysis technique to two different stars, attaining for the first time the measurement ofHefffrom multi-line profiles beyond the condition of line autosimilarity assumed by other techniques.
“Crawling” on the self-assembly system: A molecular simulation of peptide position adjusting over self-assembly block
Authors: Zhang Tong , Shen Baoying , Shi Xinghua
Published: August 2018

By combining non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD), umbrella sampling, and weighted histogram analysis method(WHAM), we calculated the potential of mean force of histidine peptide moving over a self-assembly structure. The reaction coordinate is along the main chain direction of the histidine peptide in the self-assembly structure. It is found that the energy needed for the histidine peptide with 3 and 5 residues while moving along the reaction coordinate is around -2.2 kCal/mol and -7.4 kCal/mol, respectively. And the histidine peptide crawls along the reaction coordinate, performing a snake-like movement. This result could illustrate how histidine peptide adjusts its position during self-assembly process.
Γ -Paired dominating graphs of some paths
Authors: Eakawinrujee Pannawat , Trakultraipruk Nantapath
Published: August 2018

A paired dominating set of a graphG = (V(G),E(G))is a setDof vertices ofGsuch that every vertex is adjacent to some vertex inD, and the subgraph ofGinduced byDcontains a perfect matching. The upper paired domination number ofG, denoted by Γpr(G) is the maximum cardinality of a minimal paired dominating set ofG. A paired dominatin set of cardinality Γpr(G) is called a Γpr(G) -set. The Γ -paired dominating graph of G, denoted by ΓPD(G), is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all Γpr(G) -sets, and two Γpr(G) -sets are adjacentin ΓPD(G) if one can be obtained from the other by removing one vertex and adding another vertex ofG. In this paper, we present the Γ-paired dominating graphs of some paths.
Multiple frequencies multiple carriers
Authors: Kim Myungsup , Kwak Do Young
Published: August 2018

The OFDM scheme has the problems of out-of-band (OOB) leakage and low transmission efficiency in the time domain. This is because the scheme is a single frequency single carrier one in which one carrier is generated by one frequency. To overcome the problems we propose multiple frequencies multiple carriers (MFMC) scheme in which one carrier is generated using many frequencies. We establish a practical model which not only eliminates these disadvantages but also improves the transmission efficiency and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance. In the proposed MFMC scheme, the filter matrix is used in order to confine the OOB leakage of the spectrums of transmit signal, which is generated through processes such as jump-removing, filtering, and orthogonalizing from an initial matrix. MFMS is evaluated compared with OFDM in view of transmission efficiency, OOB leakage, and bit error rate performance.
Design of active power filter for narrow-band power line communications
Authors: Wang Bingting , Cao Ziping
Published: August 2018

In power line communication (PLC), couplers such as coupling transformers and band-pass matching coupling circuits are usually required for coupling, band-pass filtering, and impedance matching. However, the cost and size of transformers prevent them from being an economic and compact solution for PLC couplers. In addition, passive band-pass matching coupling circuits need accurate impedance matching and possibly incur power losses. In this paper, a 6th order multiple feedback (MFB) active power filter with the minimum number of components was designed for narrow-band PLC, which has high input impedance and low output impedance, allowing outstanding performance in main voltage isolation, suppressing the current-harmonics and compensating the reactive power simultaneously. Finally, simulations were conducted in the range of 95 kHz-125 kHz (CENELEC “B-band”), which confirmed that the new filter met the CENELEC requirements for transmission and disturbance levels.
Research on online inspection system of emulsion explosive packaging defect based on machine vision
Authors: Wang Yuesheng , Liu Zhipeng
Published: August 2018

Roll packaging is the last step in the emulsion explosives production line. Due to various reasons, explosives may have defects in the packaging process. How to sort defective drug coils efficiently and accurately is a major problem. In this paper, an online detection system for drug package which based on machine vision is developed for the defect of emulsion explosive drug packaging. This paper mainly discusses the image preprocessing, image segmentation and feature extraction. The test and application show that the system can detect the defect drug coil better and has the advantages of fast and accurate, which can meet the needs of the production site.
Empirical research of meteorological science &
technology innovation ability based on data
analysis
Authors: Shen Danna , Shen Danhong , Li Yan
Published: August 2018

Based on the status quo of the meteorological S&T innovation of 31 provinces and cities in China, this paper sets up the meteorological S&T evaluation index system on the basis of the meteorological statistics data in 2015. It also builds the innovation ability evaluation model of meteorological S&T based on AHP. Then it compares and analyzes the results, which provides perspectives for the accurate understanding of innovation ability of meteorological S&T in China. At last, it put forwards some suggestions to improve the S&T ability, i.e., enhance the policy direction, coordinate S&T innovation ability among different regions, strengthen the S&T input to the basic R&D, pay attention to the opening and sharing of meteorological data, consolidate the leading role of enterprises in S&T innovation.
Impact tensile cracking behavior of oxide scale in Q235 strip iron
Authors: Wang Shang , Li Wenpei , Wang Xiaochen , Ai Rui , Yang Quan , Shan Zhongde
Published: August 2018

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the fracture surface morphology of Q235 steel. The cracking law/crack rule principle of strip surface under tension is studied via universal tensile testing machine. The results show that the thickness of the scale is relatively uniform, about 10 μm, and the structure is dense and well attached to the matrix. Tensile experiments show that as the strain increases, the cracks increase slowly in the initial stage, rapidly in the middle period, and slowly in the final period. When the strain exceeds 0.15%, the cracks are difficult to increase. In order to avoid direct erosion of the abrasive on the substrate, a reasonable range of tension setting should be 0.15%-0.18% in the pretreatment process without acid descaling.
A trajectory design method for RLV via artificialmemory-principle optimization
Authors: Li Hao , Wei Changzhu
Published: August 2018

A trajectory optimization method for RLV based on artificial memory principles is proposed. Firstly the optimization problem is modelled in Euclidean space. Then in order to solve the complicated optimization problem of RLV in entry phase, Artificial-memory-principle optimization (AMPO) is introduced. AMPO is inspired by memory principles, in which a memory cell consists the whole information of an alternative solution. The information includes solution state and memory state. The former is an evolutional alternative solution, the latter indicates the state type of memory cell: temporary, short-and long-term. In the evolution of optimization, AMPO makes a various search (stimulus) to ensure adaptability, if the stimulus is good, memory state will turn temporary to short-term, even long-term, otherwise it not. Finally, simulation of different methods is carried out respectively. Results show that the method based on AMPO has better performance and high convergence speed when solving complicated optimization problems of RLV.
Designing number of Kanban in glove box assembly
Authors: Limpayanak Chonthicha , Kittithreerapronchai Oran
Published: August 2018

For many decades, Just-In-Time manufacturing and lean manufacturing have adopted kanban system as a mean to control inventory and production. A number of tagged kanban cards represents inventory of the system, whereas untagged kanban cards equate to production orders. The ideal conditions are a consistent product mixed with a small production lot size and minimum setup time. Such conditions are difficult to obtain even in many automotive assembly lines similar to a case study. The case study assembly line is a glove box assembly production line that assembles two plastic parts and wields them together with a vibration machine after positioning in a mold designed for different products. Because of storage equipment, each kanban card represents 60 identical glove boxes. Therefore, a production engineer re-schedules the production planning to minimize the numbers of changeover without any effect on downstream. This ad hoc production scheduling leads to urgent production orders and interruption of lot size. As a result, the factory embeds historical data into a computer simulation that accounts for current molds, receiving time, and numbers of pending kanban cards, as well as number of storage equipment. The results of this simulation reveals that scheduling criteria and suggest a suitable lot size if the factory decides to change a storage equipment.
Pluronic lecithin organogel with d-limonene as a transdermal delivery system for Kaempferia parviflora extract
Authors: Rangsimawong Worranan , Wattanasri Paisit , Akkaramongkolporn Prasert , Tonglairoum Prasopchai , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: August 2018

Kaempferia parviflora (KP) extract has been used in the Thai medicinal plant recipe, which the methoxyflavones are the main active compound. These compounds have low water solubility, high lipophilicity, and low bioavailability. The aim of this study was to develop the pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) and PLO with d-limonene (PLO-L) for enhancing transdermal delivery of KP extract. These formulations were prepared and their physicochemical properties, stability, and in vitro skin permeation were evaluated. For the result, all formulations exhibited good physicochemical properties and stable under storage condition for 3 months. The permeation of KP extract-loaded PLO-L and PLO formulation showed significantly higher total methoxyflavones permeated through the skin than KP extract in water, which PLO-L provided the highest permeated flux of total methoxyflavones. This result suggested that d-limonene play a role as skin permeation enhancer. Organogel consisting of poloxamer 407 and lecithin also increased the skin permeation of KP extract. In conclusion, PLO-L could be a potential transdermal delivery system for KP extract.
Reliability analysis of the aircrafts normal braking system
Authors: Premono Agung , Laksono Martin Danang
Published: August 2018

An identified component of Airbus A-330 aircraft which should be maintained properly is the normal braking system. The objectives of this study are to: (1) identify the critical component of the normal braking system; and (2) determine the optimal replacement time interval of replacement of the normal braking system component. This study is conducted in Garuda Maintenance Facility Aero Asia company. Primary data in this study are the components replacement data of normal braking system in period January 2015 - January 2017. The life distribution such as Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), reliability, probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and failure rate are obtained by the Weibull++ software. Results show that the critical component of the normal braking system is the brake unit assembly. Meanwhile, the life distribution analysis show that the reliability of importance value of the normal breaking system IR is 74.07 percent which occurs at MMTF and system reliability are 4365.5 hours and 55.58 percent, respectively. These values indicate that optimal replacement time interval of the Brake Unit Assembly is 5599.7 hours.
Fourier-spectral-method implementation of deformation in the phase-field crystal model
Authors: Pisutha-Arnond Nirand
Published: August 2018

The phase-field crystal (PFC) method is a promising computational model with atomistic resolution and diffusive time scale. In this work, the Fourier-spectral-method (FSM) scheme was developed for evaluating the PFC free energy of a system subjected homogeneous deformation. This scheme addresses the complication where, in numerical implementation of FSM using discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the discretized data may no longer lie along the directions of the Cartesian basis due to deformation. In this scheme, the real-space coordinate transformation is employed so that the (continuous) Fourier transform is performed on the function of the undeformed coordinates. This transformation allows straightforward DFT implementation because the sampling at the undeformed configuration is unaffected by the deformation. This scheme is also shown to be applicable to both the original PFC model and a “CDFT”-type PFC model containing a two-body correlation function.