bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mixed methods exploratory study of women’s relationships with and uses of fertility tracking apps
Authors: Gambier-Ross Katie , McLernon David J , Morgan Heather M
Published: September 2018

Digital self-tracking is rising, including tracking of menstrual cycles by women using fertility tracking apps (FTAs). However, little is known about users’ experiences of FTAs and their relationships with them. The aim of this study was to explore women’s uses of and relationships with FTAs. This exploratory study employed a mixed methods approach, involving the collection and analysis of an online survey and follow-up interviews. Qualitative analysis of survey and interview data informed hypothesis development. Online surveys yielded 241 responses and 11 follow-up interviews were conducted. Just over a third of women surveyed had experience of using FTAs (89/241) and follow-up interviews were conducted with a proportion of respondents (11/241). Four main motivations to use FTAs were identified: (a) to observe cycle (72%); (b) to conceive (34%); (c) to inform fertility treatment (12%); and (d) as contraception (4%). Analysis of the free-text survey questions and interviews using grounded theory methodology highlighted four themes underpinning women’s relationships with FTAs: (a) medical grounding; (b) health trackers versus non-trackers; (c) design; and (d) social and ethical aspects. Participants who used other health apps were more likely to use FTAs ( p = 0.001). Respondents who used contraception were less likely to use FTAs compared with respondents who did not use contraception ( p = 0.002). FTA usage also decreases ( p = 0.001) as age increases. There was no association between FTA usage and menstrual status ( p = 0.259). This research emphasises the differing motivations for FTA use. Future research should further explore the diverse relationships between different subgroups of women and FTAs.
A Review of Learner Exchange Program in the Dental Fraternity: A Paradigm Shift for the Excellence
Authors: Ramugade Manoj Mahadeo , Sagale Apurva Anil
Published: September 2018

Dentistry is an art and science which mainly depends on the subject knowledge, instruments, materials, technology, and skills of the operator. Sharing the knowledge and available infrastructure and technology are the best solutions to enhance the skills and improve the work pattern of the present dentist. This could be easily achieved through the introduction of learner exchange program for students as well as faculty. The exchange program has multiple advantages being beneficial for the budding dentist and the faculty, which ultimately improves the interstate relationship and help the community in health care sectors.
Measuring the Impact of Tinnitus on Aided Listening Effort Using Pupillary Response
Authors: Juul Jensen Josefine , Callaway Susanna L. , Lunner Thomas , Wendt Dorothea
Published: September 2018

Tinnitus can have serious impact on a person’s life and is a common auditory symptom that is especially comorbid with hearing loss. This study investigated processing effort required for speech recognition in a group of hearing-impaired people with tinnitus and a control group (CG) of hearing-impaired people without tinnitus by means of pupillary response. Furthermore, the relationship between the pupillary response, self-rating measures of tinnitus severity, and fatigue was examined. Participants performed a speech-in-noise task with a competing four-talker babble at two speech intelligibility levels (50% and 95%) with either an active or inactive noise-reduction scheme while the pupillary response was recorded. Tinnitus participants showed significantly smaller time-dependent pupil dilations and significantly higher fatigue ratings. No correlation was found for the tinnitus severity and pupillary response, but a significant correlation was found between the tinnitus severity and fatigue. As participants with tinnitus generally reported higher fatigue and showed smaller task-evoked pupil dilations, it was speculated that this may suggest an increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which governs the bodily response during rest. The finding that tinnitus participants showed higher fatigue has clinical implications, highlighting the importance of taking steps to decrease the risk of developing long-term fatigue. Finally, the tinnitus participants showed reduced pupillary responses when noise reduction was activated, suggesting a reduced effort from hearing aid signal processing.
Association of Trauma Alert Response Charges With Volume and Hospital Ownership Type in Florida
Authors: Ryan Jessica L. , Pracht Etienne E. , Langland-Orban Barbara
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The purpose was to analyze the association of trauma volume and hospital trauma center (TC) ownership type with trauma alert (TA) response charges, which are billed for activation of the trauma team to the emergency department (ED).

Methods:

All Florida ED and inpatients who were billed a TA charge from 2012 to 2014 were included (62 974 observations). Multiple linear regression, controlling for patient and hospital factors, was used to identify associations between TA charges and trauma volume and hospital ownership type. Severity elasticity of trauma response charges was calculated by ownership type.

Results:

Trauma volume had a significant, inverse relationship with TA charges. For-profit (FP) hospitals had significantly higher TA charges and government-owned hospitals had significantly lower TA charges relative to private not-for-profits. For-profit trauma response charges were inelastic to severity, that is, charges did not change with changes in severity.

Conclusion:

Higher TA charges were associated with lower patient volumes, as well as at FP TCs. Further, only FP TCs used alert charges that were not associated with injury severity. Adding new TCs that reduce volume at existing TCs is expected to increase TA charges, especially if they are FP TCs.
Haemodynamics and serial risk assessment in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Weatherald Jason , Boucly Athénaïs , Launay David , Cottin Vincent , Prévot Grégoire , Bourlier Delphine , Dauphin Claire , Chaouat Ari , Savale Laurent , Jaïs Xavier , Jevnikar Mitja , Traclet Julie , De Groote Pascal , Simonneau Gérald , Hachulla Eric , Mouthon Luc , Montani David , Humbert Marc , Sitbon Olivier
Published: September 2018

The prognostic importance of follow-up haemodynamics and the validity of multidimensional risk assessment are not well established for systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

We assessed incident SSc-PAH patients to determine the association between clinical and haemodynamic variables at baseline and first follow-up right heart catheterisation (RHC) with transplant-free survival. RHC variables included cardiac index, stroke volume index (SVI), pulmonary arterial compliance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Risk assessment was performed according to the number of low-risk criteria: functional class I or II, 6-min walking distance (6MWD) >440 m, right atrial pressure <8 mmHg and cardiac index ≥2.5 L·min−1·m−2.

Transplant-free survival from diagnosis (n=513) was 87%, 55% and 35% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. At baseline, 6MWD was the only independent predictor. A follow-up RHC was available for 353 patients (median interval 4.6 months, interquartile range 3.9–6.4 months). The 6MWD, functional class, cardiac index, SVI, pulmonary arterial compliance and pulmonary vascular resistance were independently associated with transplant-free survival at follow-up, with SVI performing better than other haemodynamic variables. 1-year outcomes were better with increasing number of low-risk criteria at baseline (area under the curve (AUC) 0.63, 95% CI 0.56–0.69) and at first follow-up (AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.78).

Follow-up haemodynamics and multidimensional risk assessment had greater prognostic significance than at baseline in SSc-PAH.
Resistance pattern and maternal knowledge, attitude and practices of suspected Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among children under 5 years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: cross sectional study
Authors: GebreSilasie Yeshwondm Mamuye , Tullu Kassu Desta , Yeshanew Addisu Gize
Published: September 2018

Background

Diarrheal illness remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age worldwide, especially in developing countries. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children in the developing world and is associated with high resistance levels to antibiotics. The aims of this study were to isolate and determine susceptibility patterns of DEC among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea and to assess maternal knowledge, attitude and practice towards childhood diarrhea.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted from August–December 2015 at 3 selected health institutions. Stool samples were cultured and isolated E. coli species were run for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method. In addition, children’s caretakers were interviewed using structured questionnaires including a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAPs) survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of different risk factors on bacterial related diarrhea.

Results

A total of 253 children, 115 males and 138 females with acute diarrhea were enrolled. E. coli was identified in a total of sixty-one children (24.1%), followed by Shigella (9.1%) and Salmonella (3.95%). Additionally, eighty-six children (34.0%) had parasites identified in stool samples. E. coli isolates showed 83.6% resistance to ampicillin and augmentin followed by, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (62.3%). Multiple resistances were observed in 72.1% of isolates; however, more than 90% of the strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Caretakers identified the following as causes of infection: contaminated food and water (83.4%), microorganisms (55.3%), inadequate breast milk (54.1%), teething (45.1%), house flies (43.1%) and evil eye (15.8%). No hand washing before meals and low levels of knowledge had a significant association with E. coli infection (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In children with suspected diarrheagenic E. coli, we observed a high frequency of multidrug resistant E. coli. Furthermore, study subjects with low awareness about source, cause and symptoms of the disease were more likely to acquire suspected diarrheagenic E. coli infections. Thus, there is a need for more education in addition to continuous surveillance of the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of diarrheal bacterial isolates in hospitals and in the community.
Times to Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer in New South Wales, Australia: A Multicenter, Medicare Data Linkage Study
Authors: Malalasekera Ashanya , Blinman Prunella L. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Stefanic Natalie A. , Grimison Peter , Jain Ankit , D’Souza Mario , Kao Steven C. , Vardy Janette L.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Earlier access to lung cancer specialist (LCS) care improves survival. We examined times to diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer in rural and metropolitan New South Wales (NSW) Australia, benchmarked against recent timeframe recommendations.

Materials and Methods:

Semistructured interviews of recently diagnosed patients with lung cancer from five NSW cancer centers were used to determine standardized time intervals to diagnosis and treatment, triangulated with Medicare data linkage and medical records. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate the primary end points of median time intervals from general practitioner (GP) referral to first LCS visit (GP-LCS interval) and to treatment start (Secondary Care interval). Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to study associations with delays in end points. Post hoc survival analyses were performed.

Results:

Data linkage was performed for 125 patients (68% stage IV; 69% metropolitan), with 108 interviewed. The median GP-LCS interval was 4 days, with 83% of patients seeing an LCS within the recommended 14 days. The median Secondary Care interval was 42 days (52% within 42 days). There were no significant differences between time intervals faced by rural and metropolitan patients overall, although metropolitan patients took 18 days less than rural counterparts to commence radiation/chemoradiation (95% CI, −33.2 to −2.54; P = .02). One third of patients perceived delays. Delays did not affect survival.

Conclusion:

Rural and metropolitan NSW patients face comparable time lines to diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Most patients are seen by an LCS within recommended timeframes, but transition through Secondary Care and addressing patient expectations could be improved.
Comorbidity Assessment in the National Cancer Database for Patients With Surgically Resected Breast, Colorectal, or Lung Cancer (AFT-01, -02, -03)
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , McMurry Timothy L. , Schumacher Jessica R. , Hu Chung-Yuan , Stukenborg George J. , Francescatti Amanda B. , Greenberg Caprice C. , Chang George J. , McKellar Daniel P. , Walter Louise C. , Kozower Benjamin D.
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

Accurate comorbidity measurement is critical for cancer research. We evaluated comorbidity assessment in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which uses a code-based Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI), and compared its prognostic performance with a chart-based CCI and individual comorbidities in a national sample of patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer.

Patients and Methods:

Through an NCDB Special Study, cancer registrars re-abstracted perioperative comorbidities for 11,243 patients with stage II to III breast cancer, 10,880 with stage I to III colorectal cancer, and 9,640 with stage I to III lung cancer treated with definitive surgical resection in 2006-2007. For each cancer type, we compared the prognostic performance of the NCDB code-based CCI (categorical: 0 or missing data, 1, 2+), Special Study chart-based CCI (continuous), and 18 individual comorbidities in three separate Cox proportional hazards models for postoperative 5-year overall survival.

Results:

Comorbidity was highest among patients with lung cancer (13.2% NCDB CCI 2+) and lowest among patients with breast cancer (2.8% NCDB CCI 2+). Agreement between the NCDB and Special Study CCI was highest for breast cancer (rank correlation, 0.50) and lowest for lung cancer (rank correlation, 0.40). The NCDB CCI underestimated comorbidity for 19.1%, 29.3%, and 36.2% of patients with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively. Within each cancer type, the prognostic performance of the NCDB CCI, Special Study CCI, and individual comorbidities to predict postoperative 5-year overall survival was similar.

Conclusion:

The NCDB underestimated comorbidity in patients with surgically resected breast, colorectal, or lung cancer, partly because the NCDB codes missing data as CCI 0. However, despite underestimation of comorbidity, the NCDB CCI was similar to the more complete measures of comorbidity in the Special Study in predicting overall survival.
Reconstitution of immune cell interactions in free-standing membranes
Authors: Jenkins Edward , Santos Ana Mafalda , O'Brien-Ball Caitlin , Felce James H. , Wilcock Martin J. , Hatherley Deborah , Dustin Michael L. , Davis Simon J. , Eggeling Christian , Sezgin Erdinc
Published: September 2018

The spatiotemporal regulation of signalling proteins at the contacts formed between immune cells and their targets determines how and when immune responses begin and end. Therapeutic control of immune responses therefore relies on thorough elucidation of the molecular processes occurring at these interfaces. However, the detailed investigation of each component's contribution to the formation and regulation of the contact is hampered by the complexities of cell composition and architecture. Moreover, the transient nature of these interactions creates additional challenges, especially in the use of advanced imaging technology. One approach that circumvents these problems is to establish in vitro systems that faithfully mimic immune cell interactions, but allow complexity to be ‘dialled-in’ as needed. Here, we present an in vitro system that makes use of synthetic vesicles that mimic important aspects of immune cell surfaces. Using this system, we began to explore the spatial distribution of signalling molecules (receptors, kinases and phosphatases) and how this changes during the initiation of signalling. The GUV/cell system presented here is expected to be widely applicable.
Variation in RAD51 details a hub of functions: opportunities to advance cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: van der Zon Nick LL , Kanaar Roland , Wyman Claire
Published: September 2018

Loss of genome stability is one of the hallmarks of the enabling characteristics of cancer development. Homologous recombination is a DNA repair process that often breaks down as a prelude to developing cancer. Conversely, homologous recombination can be the Achilles’ heel in common anti-cancer therapies, which are effective by inducing irreparable DNA damage. Here, we review recent structural and functional studies of RAD51, the protein that catalyzes the defining step of homologous recombination: homology recognition and DNA strand exchange. Specific mutations can be linked to structural changes and known essential functions. Additional RAD51 interactions and functions may be revealed. The identification of viable mutations in this essential protein may help define the range of activity and interactions needed. All of this information provides opportunities to fine-tune existing therapies based on homologous recombination status, guide diagnosis, and hopefully develop new clinical tools.
Novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles malaria vectors from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , Lawrence Gena G. , Golovko George , Kristan Mojca , Orsborne James , Spence Kirstin , Hurn Eliot , Bandibabone Janvier , Tantely Luciano M. , Raharimalala Fara N. , Keita Kalil , Camara Denka , Barry Yaya , Wat’senga Francis , Manzambi Emile Z. , Afrane Yaw A. , Mohammed Abdul R. , Abeku Tarekegn A. , Hedge Shivanand , Khanipov Kamil , Pimenova Maria , Fofanov Yuriy , Boyer Sebastien , Irish Seth R. , Hughes Grant L. , Walker Thomas
Published: September 2018

Background: Wolbachia, a common insect endosymbiotic bacterium that can influence pathogen transmission and manipulate host reproduction, has historically been considered absent from the Anopheles (An.) genera, but has recently been found in An. gambiae s.l. populations.  As there are numerous Anopheles species that have the capacity to transmit malaria, we analysed a range of species to determine Wolbachia prevalence rates, characterise novel Wolbachia strains and determine any correlation between the presence of Plasmodium, Wolbachia and the competing endosymbiotic bacterium Asaia.

Methods: Anopheles adult mosquitoes were collected from five malaria-endemic countries: Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana, Uganda and Madagascar, between 2013 and 2017.  Molecular analysis of samples was undertaken using quantitative PCR, Sanger sequencing, Wolbachia multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. 

Results: Novel Wolbachia strains were discovered in five species: An. coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’, increasing the number of Anopheles species known to be naturally infected. Variable prevalence rates in different locations were observed and novel strains were phylogenetically diverse, clustering with Wolbachia supergroup B strains.  We also provide evidence for resident strain variants within An. species ‘A’.  Wolbachia is the dominant member of the microbiome in An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’, but present at lower densities in An. coluzzii.  Interestingly, no evidence of Wolbachia/Asaia co-infections was seen and Asaia infection densities were also shown to be variable and location dependent. 

Conclusions: The important discovery of novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles provides greater insight into the prevalence of resident Wolbachia strains in diverse malaria vectors.  Novel Wolbachia strains (particularly high-density strains) are ideal candidate strains for transinfection to create stable infections in other Anopheles mosquito species, which could be used for population replacement or suppression control strategies.
Caracterização das mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal e o incentivo à amamentação precoce [Characterizing women in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle and encouraging early breastfeeding] [Caracterización de las mujeres durante el embarazo y el posparto y el fomento a la lactancia precoz]
Authors: Thuler Andrea Cristina De Morais Chaves , Wall Marilene Loewen , Souza Marli Aparecida Rocha de
Published: September 2018

Objetivos: caracterizar os perfis socioeconômico, ginecológico, obstétrico das mulheres e identificar o contato precoce delas com os recém-nascidos. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, longitudinal , por meio de entrevista com 51 mulheres, no período de novembro de 2013 e junho de 2014, numa maternidade pública da Região do Sul do Brasil; o projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: média de idade de 26,2 anos, casadas/união estável (80,39%), mais de 8 anos de estudo (60,78%), renda familiar 1 a 3 salários mínimos (66,67%), atividade exclusiva no lar (80,39%), primigesta (52,94%), sem abortamento (92,15%). Tiveram mais de 6 consultas (100%), sem orientação sobre aleitamento materno (54,90%). Conclusão: a maioria das puérperas submetidas à cesariana não teve o contato pele a pele na sala de parto, sendo inverso nos casos de parto normal.ABSTRACTObjectives: to develop socioeconomic, gynecological and obstetric profiles of the women, and to identify their early contact with their newborns. Methods: in this quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal study, 51 women were interviewed between November 2013 and June 2014 at a public maternity hospital in southern Brazil. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: mean age 26.2 years, married/stable union (80.39%), over 8 years’ schooling (60.78%), family income 1 to 3 minimum wages (66.67%), exclusively housewives (80.39%), primigravidas (52.94%), no prior abortion (92.15%), had attended more than 6 appointments (100%), and received no guidance on breastfeeding (54.90%). Conclusion: most of the puerperas who underwent cesarean section had no skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room, with the opposite occurring in cases of normal birth.RESUMENObjetivos: caracterizar los perfiles socioeconómico, ginecológico, obstétrico de las mujeres e identificar su contacto precoz con los recién nacidos. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, longitudinal, por medio de una entrevista junto a 51 mujeres, en el período de noviembre de 2013 y junio de 2014, en una maternidad pública de la Región Sur de Brasil; el proyecto fue aprobado el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: promedio de edad de 26,2 años, casadas / unión estable (80,39%), más de 8 años de estudio (60,78%), ingreso familiar de 1 a 3 salarios mínimos (66,67%), actividad exclusiva en el hogar (80,39%), primera gestación (52,94%), sin aborto (92,15%). Acudieron a más de 6 consultas (100%), sin orientación sobre lactancia materna (54,90%). Conclusión: la mayoría de las puérperas sometidas a cesárea no realizó el contacto piel a piel en la sala de parto, siendo inverso en los casos de parto normal.
Vivência materna no cuidado da criança com asma [Mothers’ experience in caring for children with asthma] [Experiencia materna en el cuidado de niños con asma]
Authors: Costa Rosana Dos santos , Zanolli Maria De Lurdes , Nogueira Lidya Tolstenko
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: compreender o comportamento materno no cuidado à criança com asma. Método: estudo qualitativo, orientado pelo referencial do método etnográfico, realizado no período de julho de 2013 a janeiro de 2014. Participaram 12 mães de crianças com asma grave, de 6 a 7 anos de idade, selecionadas por equipes da estratégia saúde da família do município de Teresina-PI. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: as categorias extraídas dos discursos foram: a mãe diante do diagnóstico de asma infantil; a mãe e a crise de asma infantil; a mãe e o serviço de saúde do bairro. Conclusão: identificou-se que as mães apresentaram reduzido conhecimento sobre manejo adequado da doença e demonstraram insatisfação em relação ao serviço de saúde do bairro. Evidenciou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de atividades educativas para a redução da morbidade da asma na população estudada.ABSTRACTObjective: to understand mothers’ behavior in caring for children with asthma. Method: this qualitative study, guided by the ethnographic method, was conducted from July 2013 to January 2014. Participants were 12 mothers of 6 to 7 year olds with severe asthma selected by family health strategy teams in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí. The research project was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: the categories extracted from the accounts were: the mother and the child’s diagnosis of asthma; the mother and the child’s asthma crisis; the mother and the neighborhood health service. Conclusion: mothers were found to know little about proper management of the disease and displayed dissatisfaction with the neighborhood health service. There emerged a need for educational activities to reduce asthma morbidity in the study population.RESUMEN: Objetivo: comprender el comportamiento materno en el cuidado del niño con asma. Método: estudio cualitativo, orientado por el referencial del método etnográfico, realizado en el período de julio de 2013 a enero de 2014. Participaron 12 madres de niños con asma grave, de 6 a 7 años de edad, seleccionadas por equipos de la estrategia salud de la familia del municipio de Teresina-PI. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: las categorías extraídas de los discursos fueron: la madre ante el diagnóstico de asma del niño; la madre y la crisis de asma del niño; la madre y el servicio de salud del barrio. Conclusión: se identificó que las madres tenían poco conocimiento sobre el cuidado adecuado de la enfermedad y demostraron insatisfacción en cuanto al servicio de salud del barrio. Quedó evidente la necesidad del desarrollo de actividades educativas para la reducción de la morbilidad del asma en la población estudiada.
Prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout entre trabalhadores hidroviários [Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among waterway workers] [Prevalencia de la Síndrome de Burnout entre trabajadores por vía navegable]
Authors: Silva Jorge Luiz Lima da , Souza Ândrea Cardoso de , Soares Rafael Da Silva , Teixeira Enéas Rangel , Costa Felipe Dos Santos , Oliveira Marcelle Belarmino Dal Bello de
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: descrever a prevalência da suspeição de Síndrome de Burnout entre os trabalhadores, analisando possíveis fatores associados. Método: estudo observacional transversal. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 430 funcionários de empresa de transporte hidroviário, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O maslach burnout inventory foi utilizado para a avaliação do Burnout tendo sua prevalência observada, segundo critérios de Grunfeld e colaboradores. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, CAAE55109216.4.0000.5240. Resultados: a prevalência de suspeição de Síndrome de Burnout foi observada em 336 (78,1%), valor expressivo. Conclusão: pôde-se constatar que a síndrome se apresenta como possível complicação, relacionada à organização do trabalho, que independente de diversas variáveis investigadas, demonstrou-se presente.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the prevalence of suspected Burnout Syndrome among workers, and to analyze possible associated factors. Method: the subjects of this cross-sectional observational study were 430 employees of a water transport company in Rio de Janeiro state. Burnout was identified using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and its prevalence measured on the criteria of Grunfeld et al. The study was approved by the Antônio Pedro University Hospital research ethics committee (CAAE55109216.4.0000.5240). Results: suspected Burnout Syndrome was observed in 336 workers (78.1% prevalence), which is a considerable value. Conclusion: the syndrome was observed to present as a possible complication of work organization, independently of several study variables present.RESUMENObjetivo: describir la prevalencia de sospecha de Síndrome de Burnout entre los trabajadores, el analizando posibles factores asociados. Método: estudio transversal observacional. Los participantes de la investigación fueron 430 empleados de la empresa de transporte por vía navegable, en el estado de Río de Janeiro. Se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory para la evaluación de Burnout, y su prevalencia fue observada de acuerdo con los criterios de Grunfeld y cols. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital Universitario Antônio Pedro, CAAE55109216.4.0000.5240. Resultados: se observó la prevalencia de sospecha de Síndrome de Burnout en 336 (78,1%), valor expresivo. Conclusión: se pudo observar que el síndrome se presenta como posible complicación relacionada con la organización del trabajo que, independiente de diversas variables investigadas, demostró estar presente.
Contribuições da pesquisa fenomenológica sobre o câncer de mama: uma revisão integrativa [Contributions by phenomenological research into breast cancer: an integrative review] [Contribuciones de la investigación fenomenológica sobre el cáncer de mama: una revisión integradora]
Authors: Medeiros Marlise Barros de , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Melo Sérgio Henrique Silva , Joaquim Fabiana Lopes
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: analisar a produção do conhecimento acerca do câncer de mama na perspectiva fenomenológica. Método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados da MEDLINE, LILACS, IBESC e BDENF. Resultados: o estudo revisou oito artigos com discussão acerca da vivência da mulher e dos familiares, colaborando com a humanização da assistência, a prevenção secundária e a detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Destaca a necessidade de compreensão das subjetividades envolvidas nesse processo para elaboração de programas de cuidado mais eficazes. Conclusão: a produção do conhecimento acerca do câncer de mama na perspectiva fenomenológica é relevante e traz contribuições tanto para assistência quanto para a orientação das políticas públicas no controle dessa doença. ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the production of knowledge about breast cancer from the phenomenological perspective. Methods: integrative review of publications in the MEDLINE, LILACS, IBESC and BDENF databases. Results: the study reviewed eight articles discussing the experiences of women and their families, contributing to the humanization of care, secondary prevention and early detection of breast cancer. This underlines the need to understand the subjectivities involved in this process in order to develop more effective care programs. Conclusion: knowledge production on breast cancer from a phenomenological perspective is important, and contributes both to nursing care and to guiding public policies for breast cancer control. RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la producción de conocimiento acerca del cáncer de mama con una perspectiva fenomenológica. Método: revisión integrativa realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, IBESC y BDENF. Resultados: el estudio revisó ocho artículos con discusión acerca de la vivencia de la mujer y de sus familiares, contribuyendo para una asistencia más humanizada, la prevención secundaria y la detección precoz del cáncer de mama. Destaca la necesidad de comprensión de las subjetividades implicadas en este proceso para la elaboración de programas de cuidado más eficaces. Conclusión: la producción del conocimiento acerca del cáncer de mama con perspectiva fenomenológica es relevante y trae contribuciones no solo para asistencia sino también para la orientación de las políticas públicas en el control de esa enfermedad.
Conflito Interno e Transferência de Recursos nos Estados Unidos - mobilização e extração de recursos sob o governo Ronald Reagan (1981-1988) | Internal Conflict and Resource Distribution in the United States: Mobilization and resource extraction under Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
Authors: Fornari Dall'Agnol Gustavo
Published: September 2018

Após a crise da década de 1970, as elites norte-americanas reorganizaram o modo pelo qual extraiam recursos da sociedade. Sob o neoconservadorismo, o Estado de bem-estar social foi desmantelado e recursos foram transferidos para o setor militar. O presente estudo problematiza a estratégia dessas elites que lograram êxito no referido processo. Para tal, conceitua-se o neoconservadorismo e mapeia-se os diferentes grupos de influência que compõem essa força política que, até os dias atuais, permanece decisiva no processo de tomada de decisão em política externa e segurança nos Estados Unidos. Posteriormente, faz-se uma análise do Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) do governo Ronald Reagan como estudo de caso revelador desse modo de extração de recursos. O presente artigo visa a mostrar como as elites neoconservadoras mobilizam a sociedade e seus principais grupos de interesse para triunfar em sua estratégia.ABSTRACTSince the 1970’s crisis, the north-american elites reorganized the way in which they extracted society’s resources. Under neoconservatism, the welfare state was dismantled and resources were transferred to the military. The present paper problematizes the strategy of those elites which were triumphant in the referred process. For that, neoconservatism is conceptualized and the different influence groups that compose this political force are mapped. Neoconservatism is, up to the present, a decisive force in the decision making process of foreign policy and security in the United States. In the sequence, the paper analyzes Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) as a revealing case study of this way of resource extracting. The present study aims at showing how the neoconservative elites mobilizes society and its main interest groups in order to succeed in their strategy. Palavras-chave: Estados Unidos; complexo industrial-militar; neoconservadorismo.Keywords: United States; military-industrial complex; neoconservatism.  Recebido em 23 de Janeiro de 2018 | Received on January 23, 2018Aceito em 18 de Julho de 2018 | Accepted on July 18, 2018DOI
Superávits, Dólares e Fundos: a Exportação de Capital como Imperativo Defensivo-ofensivo para o Desenvolvimento Chinês | Surplus, Dollars and Funds: Exporting Capital as an Offensive-Defensive Imperative for Chinese Development
Authors: Teixeira Fernando Amorim
Published: September 2018

A China vem sendo objeto de estudo de especialistas em diferentes áreas nos últimos tempos. No âmbito da economia política internacional, no entanto, pouca atenção se dá à sua gestão dos superávits em moeda estrangeira como estratégia defensiva-ofensiva, como propõe esse artigo. Considera-se aqui que fundos de investimento externo com diferentes constituições e fins foram criados nos últimos anos para lidar com essa realidade, sendo estes produtos da estrutura sistêmica, do papel do dólar, dos déficits e superávits das contas externas e que, tais Fundos, dialogam com um ponto central da estratégia chinesa: seu controle cambial. Desta forma, propõe-se demonstrar que, para além dos instrumentos diretos de controle de câmbio, a China se utiliza de expedientes próprios para manter, reinvestir e reciclar o excesso de dólares oriundos de seus volumosos superávits.ABSTRACTChina is object of study of experts from different areas in recent times. However, in the context of the so-called International Political Economy (IPE), little attention is given concerned to how the country manages its foreign currency surpluses as an offensive-defensive strategy. It is considered here that external investment funds with different constitutions and purposes was created in recent years to deal with this reality, as products from systemic structure, the role of the dollar, the deficits and surpluses of external accounts and that, such Funds, dialogue with a central point of the Chinese strategy: its exchange rate control. In this way, the article proposes to indicate that, in addition to direct exchange rate control instruments, China uses its own procedures to maintain, reinvest and recycle the surplus dollars from its massive surpluses.Palavras-chave: Fundos Chineses; Gestão de Divisas; Hierarquia de Moedas.Keywords: Chinese Funds; Currency Management; Currency Hierarchy; Financial GlobalizationRecebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018 | Received on January 30, 2018Aceito em 31 de Julho de 2018 | Accepted on July 31, 2018DOI
A Apropriação de Terras no Século XXI: o fenômeno land grabbing como reflexo de mudanças na economia política internacional | Land Appropriation in the 21st Century: the land grabbing phenomenon as a reflection of changes in the international political economy
Authors: Gonçalves Bruna Figueiredo
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender o fenômeno land grabbing à luz de transformações recentes na economia e política internacional. Para atingir este objetivo, busca-se, primeiramente, avançar na construção de uma definição para o fenômeno, objeto de disputa na crescente literatura sobre o tema. Este artigo defende que os land grabs não representam práticas completamente novas, pois estão ligadas a dinâmicas inerentes ao capitalismo para acumulação de capital, mas que a onda recente de tais práticas possui características particulares com relação a outros períodos. Argumenta-se que a corrida global por terras contemporânea é parte de mudanças maiores na economia política global. Os land grabs foram possibilitados por processos históricos controversos, como o regime da dívida em países em desenvolvimento nas últimas décadas do século XX, e têm sido intensificados por conjunturas específicas do período, em especial a financeirização da economia e a convergência de múltiplas crises.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to understand the land grabbing phenomenon in light of recent transformations in the international economy and politics. In order to reach this goal, it first seeks to advance in the construction of a definition for the phenomenon, which is subject of dispute in its growing literature. This paper argues that land grabs do not represent completely new practices, since they are linked to dynamics inherent to capitalism for capital accumulation, but that the recent wave of such practices has particular characteristics in relation to other periods. It is argued that the contemporary global race for land is part of larger changes in global political economy. Land grabs have been made possible by controversial historical processes, such as the debt regime in developing countries, and have been intensified by period-specific conjectures, especially the financialization of the economy and the convergence of multiple crises.Palavras-chave: Land Grabbing; Apropriação de Terras; Economia Política InternacionalKeywords: Land Grabbing; Land Appropriation; International Political Economy;Recebido em 17 de Julho de 2018 | Received on July 17, 2018Aceito em 27 de Agosto de 2018 | Accepted on August 27, 2018DOI
PAQUIN, Stéphane. Theories of international political economy. Ontario, Canada: Oxford University Press, 2016, 240p. ISBN: 9780199018970
Authors: Oliveira Tatiana
Published: September 2018

O texto trata-se de uma resenha do livro "Theories of international political economy. " de Stéphane Paquin, publicado pela Oxford University Press em 2016.ABSTRACTRecebido em 26 de Julho de 2018 | Received on July 26, 2018Aceito em 27 de Agosto de 2018 | Accepted on August 27, 2018DOI
French Canadian translation and the validity and inter-rater reliability of the ISTAP Skin Tear Classification System
Authors: Chaplain Valérie , Labrecque Chantal , Woo Kevin, Y. , LeBlanc Kimberly
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To adapt the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) skin tear classification system into French Canadian, and to test the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the translated version.

Method:

Phase one included the translation of the ISTAP skin tear classification system into French Canadian, using a forward-back translation method. Following this the translated version was tested for content validity and inter-rater reliability with registered nurses from a French acute care hospital in Ottawa, Canada.

Results:

The French Canadian translation of the ISTAP skin tear classification system was evaluated by 92 nurses without in-depth wound care training. The adapted version obtained a substantial level of agreement between users, (Fleiss' Kappa = 0.69).

Conclusion:

The study tested the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the French Canadian version of the ISTAP skin tear classification system. The results support previous studies and further validate the classification system as a reliable method for classifying skin tears. The study supports ISTAP's goal of establishing a global language for describing and documenting skin tears.
Research Roundup: September 2018
Authors: Som Rita
Published: September 2018

In brief

Routine use of pethidine as pain relief during childbirth should be reconsidered Practice nurse delivery of motivational interviewing intervention did not increase self-management among patients with diabetes Pillbox use among populations with multiple conditions
Supporting smoking cessation in people with a mental health condition
Authors: Robson Debbie
Published: September 2018

Tobacco smoking disproportionately affects the health and wellbeing of people who experience a mental health condition because of how much they smoke, the way they smoke and for how long they smoke. Although motivated to quit, these smokers experience several challenges such as high levels of tobacco dependence and fewer opportunities to give up. This article describes how common smoking is among people with a mental health condition, its impact and the use of licenced medicines to assist with quitting. It also briefly discusses the role electronic cigarettes can play in helping people with a mental health condition reduce harm from tobacco smoking.
Effective asthma management
Authors: Marsh Viv
Published: September 2018

The overuse of short-acting beta agonists is an indicator of poor asthma control and a risk factor for asthma attacks and death. Poor adherence with prevention treatment is the most common cause of poor control and must be addressed before any changes to treatment are made. There are a range of treatment options available to achieve and maintain asthma control. Understanding the underlying causes of symptoms will enable clinicians to provide safe and effective clinical care for patients with asthma.
Cross-section and feasibility study on the non-invasive evaluation of muscle hemodynamic responses in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by using a near-infrared diffuse optical technique
Authors: Weng Wen-Chin , Chen Jung-Chih , Lee Chia-Yen , Lin Chia-Wei , Lee Wang-Tso , Shieh Jeng-Yi , Wang Chia-Chen , Chuang Ching-Cheng
Published: September 2018

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked debilitating muscular disease that may decrease nitric oxide (NO) production and lead to functional muscular ischemia. Currently, the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) are the primary outcome measures in clinical trials, but they are severely limited by the subjective consciousness and mood of patients, and can only be used in older and ambulatory boys. This study proposed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the dynamic changes in muscle hemodynamic responses (gastrocnemius and forearm muscle) during a 6-MWT and a venous occlusion test (VOT), respectively. Muscle oxygenation of the forearm was evaluated non-invasively before, during and after VOT in all participants (included 30 DMD patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls), while dynamic muscle oxygenation of gastrocnemius muscle during 6-MWT was determined in ambulatory participants (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 30). The results reveal that impaired muscle oxygenation was observed during 6-MWT in DMD patients that may explain why the DMD patients walked shorter distances than healthy controls. Moreover, the results of VOT implied that worsening muscle function was associated with a lower supply of muscle oxygenation and may provide useful information on the relationship between muscular oxygen consumption and supply for the clinical diagnosis of DMD. Therefore, the method of fNIRS with VOT possesses great potential in future evaluations of DMD patients that implies a good feasibility for clinical application such as for monitoring disease severity of DMD.
Marc Becker, The FBI in Latin America: The Ecuador Files, (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017), 322pp., $26.95
Authors: Schrader Stuart
Published: September 2018

Review of The FBI in Latin America: The Ecuador Files by Marc Becker.
FUNGSI PENGAJIAN DAN MUJĀHADAH KAMIS WAGE BAGI KOMUNITAS PESANTREN SUNAN PANDANARAN, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Yahya Mohamad
Published: September 2018

This article is part of anthropological research about Mujāhadah Kemis Wage in Pesantren Sunan Pandanaran, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Having used participatory technic, interview, observation, as well as documentation data, this research benefited fungsionalisme Bronislaw Malinowski theory for both descripting and analyzing the data. Part of research result are the form of Mujāhadah kamis wage that consist of: (1) khatm al-Qur’ān (2) khatm al- Qur’ān prayer, (3) theological sermons, (4) recitation of asmaul husna, (5) recitation of ratībul ḥaddād, (6) recitation of ‘ibādallah, (7) as well commemoration of ṣalawat during public endorsing. While according to fungcionalism point of view, this public ritual congregation entails  several  functions  spread  from religious dimension, to education, socio-political, up to sectarian ideology.
O infinitesimal do capitalismo contemporâneo no documentário brasileiro Banco Imobiliário
Authors: Portugal Aline Bittencourt , Migliorin Cezar
Published: September 2018

A partir do filme Banco Imobiliário, de Miguel Antunes Ramos, buscamos perceber os mecanismos de atuação do mercado imobiliário e sua relação indissociável com a produção de desejos, modos de vida e formas de organização das cidades. Cerne do capitalismo atual, essa dimensão produtiva procede através de minúsculas operações, destrinchadas no filme através de discursos, montagens e deslocamentos. Pensaremos o trabalho de Miguel Ramos como mais uma força produtiva na relação com a cidade, que em seus recortes e proposições reinventa o espaço urbano e suas maquinarias subjetivas.
Brasília amidst ruins: The sci-fi documentaries of Adirley Queirós and Ana Vaz
Authors: Carréra Guilherme
Published: September 2018

Although many films produced from Cinema da Retomada onwards have relied on realism as the most appropriate means to depict the tangible world, present-day production explores other possibilities to cope with reality. Scholar Angela Prysthon (2015) coined the term “realism under erasure” referring to films that opt for investing in science-fiction or horror genres in order to approach contemporary Brazil. In this paper, I explore how the cinema of Adirley Queirós and Ana Vaz visually investigate the origins of Brasília and the consequences of its invention. By challenging traditional documentary filmmaking, both artists blur the boundaries between fiction and non-fiction, shedding light on what they name as sci-fi documentaries. At the same time, they also challenge the official history by proposing a new way of (re)telling Brasília’s history.
Sobre Os pobres no cinema de Manoel de Oliveira
Authors: Soares Ana Isabel
Published: September 2018

Recensão crítica a Os pobres no cinema de Manoel de Oliveira, volume organizado por Renata Soares Junqueira, com ensaios de investigadores brasileiros, portugueses e franceses.