bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breakout Session: Case Studies from the Field: Making Fair Use Determinations in an Educational Setting.
Authors: Peterson-Lugo Billie
Published: February 2018

This interactive session enabled the audience to provide some fair use scenarios and to discuss selected scenarios in small groups and then in the larger group—with the goal of making a collective decision about whether or not the scenarios were fair use.
Panel Discussion: Should I go to Law School?
Authors: Wright Andrea M.
Published: February 2018

This brief piece records the panel discussion, Schould I go to Law School?, from the 2017 Kraemer Copyright Conference.
Breakout Session: International Treaties, Copyright Law, and the Future of the U.S.A. Presented by Kenneth D. Crews, attorney, Gipson Hoffman and Pancione.
Authors: Aagaard Posie
Published: February 2018

Nearly every nation in the world enacts laws that explicitly govern domestic copyright, dictating rights reserved for authors and specifying other important legal terms. Both geographical borders and the less well-defined borders of the internet affect determinations of copyright. On a global scale, nations enact international copyright treaties to achieve harmonization of certain aspects of copyright law that would otherwise create challenges or conflicts in enforcement of policies between individual nations. However, member nations may need to adjust domestic laws to bring them into alignment with the terms of the international treaties. International law expert Dr. Kenneth Crews discussed the evolution of copyright law and described how precedents set by some nations historically influenced geographic and sociopolitical peers. He also discussed how existing international copyright treaties address issues that continue to reveal weaknesses or compelling needs that cannot easily be served through existing copyright law. Lastly, Dr. Crews provided an update on the landmark 2013 Marrakesh VIP Treaty, which establishes special copyright provisions to accommodate individuals with print disabilities, and reported on his work commissioned by WIPO to study the status of copyright law exceptions in nations around the world.
Before Data Acquisition v1
Authors: Beemsterboer Tinka , Snoek Lukas
Published: February 2018

Dear researcher, This protocol gives you the steps to start an MRI project at the Spinoza Centre Roeterseiland. If you haven't had contact with Steven Scholte or Tinka Beemsterboer, make sure to contact them before completing this protocol. You can reach us by email: Steven Scholte: h.s.scholte@uva.nl Tinka Beemsterboer: t.beemsterboer@uva.nl If you have any suggestions for improving the workflow, don't hesitate to add comments to the steps in the protocol. Hope to see you soon! Spinoza REC Team! Steven Scholte, Tinka Beemsterboer en Lukas Snoek
MELD Protocol 3 - FreeSurfer Quality Control v1
Authors: Adler Sophie , Whitaker Kirstie , Wagstyl Konrad
Published: February 2018

The MELD Project is an international collaboration aiming to create open-access, robust and generalisable tools for FCD detection. To this end, we will train a neural network classifier on MRI features from FCD patients from multiple centres worldwide. Protocol 3 provides instructionson how toquality control the FreeSurfer reconstructions. These instructions are based on the freely available protocols on the ENIGMA-epilepsy websitehttp://enigma.ini.usc.edu We are very grateful to Derrek Hibar, Neda Jahanshad, Roberto Toro, Jerod Rasmussen, Theo van Erp, Esther Walton and Stefan Ehrlich who wrote the orginal ENIGMA protocols and offered them with an unlimited license without warranty! The main changeis correct co-registration of FLAIR to T1 is now checked.
Oral diclofenac potassium versus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide for pain relief during copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Abdel-Ghany Mohammed F. , Mohammed Nadia Abdullah , Khodry Mostafa , Michael Armia , Abdelfatah Laila E. , Ramadan Hosam
Published: February 2018

Background: Present study was carried out to compare the analgesic effect of oral diclofenac potassium versus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (HBB) for pain relief during copper intrauterine device (IUD) insertion.Methods: It was a a randomized clinical trial carried out at Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Parous women eligible for Copper IUD insertion were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to diclofenac potassium or HBB. The participants were asked to take 2 tablets of the study medications 30 minutes before IUD insertion. The primary outcome was the participant's self-rated pain perception using a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during IUD insertion. We considered a 1.5 cm difference in VAS scores between study groups as clinically significant.Results: One hundred eight women were enrolled (n=54 in each group). Diclofenac significantly has lower mean pain score during speculum placement (1.73 vs. 2.13) and tenaculum placement (1.85 vs. 2.3) than HBB with p<0.001. No statistical significant differences between both groups in other steps of IUD insertion. Additionally, the duration of IUD insertion was significantly lower in the diclofenac group (5.34±0.76 vs. 5.74±1.23 minutes, p=0.045). No women reported side effects in both groups.Conclusions: The use of oral diclofenac potassium 30 minutes prior to copper IUD insertion slightly reduce the insertional pain and duration than oral HBB with no adverse effects.
Does lidocaine gel produce an effective analgesia prior to copper IUD insertion? Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Ragab Ebtehal , Ali Shymaa S. , Shady Nahla W. , Sallam Hany F. , Sabra Ali M.
Published: February 2018

Background: IUD is a small contraceptive device, often containing either copper or levonorgestrel, which is inserted into the uterus. Objective of present study was to determine if lidocaine gel prior to intrauterine device (IUD) insertion decreases pain with the insertion procedure among multiparous women choosing the copper T380A-IUD.Methods: It is a randomized double-blind controlled trial carried out at Assiut Women's Health Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Parous women eligible for Copper IUD insertion attended the Family Planning Clinic were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to lidocaine gel or placebo. Two ml of the study medications were topically placed on the cervix 3 minutes before IUD insertion. The primary outcome was the difference in pain scores using a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during IUD insertion. We considered a 1.5 cm difference in VAS scores between study groups as clinically significant.Results: One hundred women consented to participate and randomized either to group I:  lidocaine group or group II: placebo group. Both groups were homogenous in baseline socio-demographic data. There was significant difference in mean pain scores for IUD placement between women who received lidocaine gel and placebo at two steps of insertion (at vulsellum application and at uterine sounding) while the rest of steps show no statistical significant difference (p=0.000). There were no statistical significant differences between both group as regard the ease of insertion, the duration of insertion and the satisfaction score after the procedure (p>0.05).Conclusions: This study depicts that the use of lidocaine gel prior to copper IUD insertion in multiparous women could partially reduce the pain during tenaculum placement and uterine sounding.
Secondary subfertility among the couple attending selected fertility centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Bari Sumia , Begum Mosammat Shahina , Nessa Kamrun
Published: February 2018

Background: Couple suffering from secondary subfertility is a major health concern. Pattern involved both the male and female factors and sometimes unknown aetiology. This cross-sectional study was carried out to see the pattern of secondary subfertility among the couples attended selected fertility centres of Dhaka city to ascertain the risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among the couples attended from September 2011 through March 2012. There were 190 couples were interviewed with questionnaire using the purposive sampling method and analyzed by SPSS 20.Results: Among the 190 couples suffering from secondary subfertility, 52% cases female factors, 13% male factors, unexplained 27% and both male and female factors lie behind 8% of cases. Among the female causes 31% were tubal factors, 26% cases PCOD, ovulatory disorders and endometriosis 21% and 22% respectively. Result revealed that the mean age of the female was 32 and 54% were obese. The women who had tubal factors had H/O MR or D&C in significant number. Female age, weight menstrual irregularity, medical disorders and number of previous abortion were significantly correlated with secondary subfertility .Among the male factors 76% cases shows abnormal semen parameters, 12% cases coital problem, 12% cases ejaculatory problem due to chronic disease like chronic HTN, DM.Conclusions: This study concluded that proper evaluation with details personal, medical and gynaecological history of female and also male factors need to evaluate the cause and formulate a management plan to treat the secondary subfertile couple.
Study of iatrogenic bladder injury in vaginal hysterectomy: our experience
Authors: Singh Pooja S. , Doshi Haresh U.
Published: February 2018

Background: This study was carried out to calculate the incidence of bladder injury detected during benign gynecologic vaginal hysterectomy. This investigation examined the clinical features of urologic complications during gynecologic surgery and outcome of their management.Methods: It was a retrospective study done at Department of Gynecology, GCS medical college, Ahmedabad from year 2012-2016. All patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy for benign diseases were included in the study. This study assessed the causative disease and surgical approach type, and treatment method of the bladder injury.Results: Of these 237 patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomies, 3 (1.26%) had bladder perforation. All the 3 cases of bladder injury underwent primary suturing during surgery without complications.Conclusions: Bladder injury was the most common urological injury during obstetric and gynecologic surgery. Early diagnosis and urologic intervention is important for better outcomes.
Four years’ maternal mortality updates of a high referral burden teaching hospital of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Saxena Riden , Jain Madhu , Rani Anjali
Published: February 2018

Background: Maternal mortality is still a major challenge in developing countries but in our hospital, it touches the extreme height of MMR. The target of the study is to assess the cause of maternal mortality at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.Methods: Data collection was done from the patient maternal mortality records of hospital between 2013 to 2016. Study comprises only maternal mortality cases. Total 165 maternal deaths were included in this study.Results: Maternal mortality ratio is extremely high as compare to other studies. In an increasing trend, in the year 2015 MMR was highest. Moreover, we found direct causes accounted 77.5% of total maternal deaths Hypertensive disorders and eclampsia is the most frequent cause of deaths which represented 33.3%. We found a trend of increased MMR with Increased unbooked cases. 21.2% of total dead women couldn’t get beds in ICU because of not vacancy of beds and 18.8% of total women died due to non-affordability of ICU expenses.Conclusions: Our hospital is a high burden referral apex centre of eastern Utter Pradesh in India which experience mostly referred cases from the periphery. PPH and hypertensive disorder are two major causes which lead to deaths. Cardiovascular dysfunction is most accounted for deaths. Mostly patients were needed ventilatory support to survive but lack of separate ICU and improper antenatal visits leads to MMR higher. However, many other factors like ill-literacy, poor transportation, poor referral note, poor socio-demographic status should be dealt to incline the MMR.
A study of thyroid dysfunction in dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: Singh Sujata , Sahoo Shradhanjali , Das Pravat Chandra
Published: February 2018

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disorder in dysfunctional uterine bleeding and to assess the menstrual pattern in women with thyroid disorders.Methods: The present study was conducted on 104 patients who presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in gynecology OPD/IPD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SCBMCH, Cuttack, India.Results: Among the 104 women 16 (15.3%) had hypothyroidism, 3 (2.8%) had hyperthyroidism and 75 (72.1%) were euthyroid and 10(9.6%) subclinical hypothyroidisim. Menorrhagia was the most common menstrual disorder in hypothyroidism and oligomenorrhoea in hyperthyroidism. In the present study the age group of 41-50 year and multyparity (para-2) and commonest are menorrhagic 42 (40.38%). Menorrhagia in hypothyroidisim 15 (72.4%) cases and oligomenorrhoea in hyperthyroidisim 3 (10.3%).Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction should be considered as an important aetiological factor in menstrual disturbances and thyroid assessment should be done in all patients with menstrual irregularities. Therefore, to conclude any type of menstrual abnormality should be considered as a possible presenting symptom of thyroid dysfunction and it may even indicate subclinical abnormality, evaluation of thyroid would avoid unnecessary surgeries and exposure to hormones.
Role of modified biophysical profile and cerebroplacental ratio in fetal outcome in low risk and high risk pregnancies
Authors: . Urvashi , B. K. Sujani , Sushma Krishna Sai
Published: February 2018

Background: The timely detection of morbid changes in the fetal status followed by adequate interventions to avoid death or disability is one of the most important objectives of prenatal care. Objective of present study was to Comparing the role of modified biophysical profile and the cerebroplacental ratio in fetal outcome in low risk and high risk pregnancies.Methods: Two hundred and seventy three singleton pregnant women were included in this study. Following routine examination, amniotic fluid index, pulsatility index of middle cerebral artery and pulsatility index of umbilical artery, uterine artery mean pulsatility index were evaluated. Non stress test (NST) was done. Modified biophysical profile (MBPP) and Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR in percentile) was generated. Caeserean section because of Fetal distress, birth weight <10th centile, 5min APGAR <7, NICU stay >24hours were used in evaluating the perinatal outcome.Results: Out of 273 cases, 107 cases had poor perinatal outcome. Out of 107 cases, 35.5% cases were IUGR, 39.2% cases underwent caesarean section in view of fetal distress, 39.2% babies had 5min APGAR <7 and 32.7% babies had stayed in NICU for >24hrs. In high risk cases, poor perinatal outcome was seen in 45.5% pregnancies and 36.7% in low risk pregnancies. Sixty seven percent of these cases had abnormal modified biophysical profile and only 7.4% cases had cerebroplacental ratio <1.Conclusions: Modified biophysical profile was proved to be more significant than cerebroplacental ratio in prediction of perinatal outcome.
Diagnosing genital tuberculosis in female infertility by clinical, histopathological, culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques: an evaluative study
Authors: Thangappah Radha B. P. , Narayanan Sujatha
Published: February 2018

Background: In developing countries, the genital tract tuberculosis is one of the common causes of tubal damage leading to infertility. Objective of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Histopathological examination (HPE), culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique in diagnosing genital tuberculosis.Methods: It was a prospective evaluative study. 173 women were subjected to investigations for tuberculosis. AFB smear, culture and HPE examination and PCR testing were carried out on 173 endometrial samples, 81 POD fluid and 52 urine samples. Based on the clinical profile and laparoscopic findings a diagnostic criterion was derived to suspect GTB and the specific diagnostic tests were evaluated against this diagnostic criterion.Results: Based on the diagnostic criteria, tuberculosis was suspected in 61 of the 153 cases.   AFB smear was positive in 4.6%, culture was positive in 3.5%, HPE positive in 4.0% and PCR was positive in 28.1% of cases. On evaluating against the diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity of PCR, HPE, culture and AFB smear were; 44.3%, 8.2%, 6.6% and   6.7% respectively.  PCR was positive in 18 of the 92 cases in whom GTB was not suspected. The PCR results were negative in 34 of the 61 clinically suspected cases.Conclusions: This study has shown that HPE, AFB smear and culture have low pick up rates. PCR is found to be useful in confirming diagnosis in clinically suspected cases. False negative PCR was an important limitation in this study.
Study of pregnancy induced hypertension in relation to placental and fetal birth weight
Authors: Gupta Deepti , Khan Shabana , Noor Nazia , Bhargava Meena
Published: February 2018

Background: A healthy placenta is the most important factor in producing a healthy baby. Placenta which is the most important organ for maintaining and continuing healthy pregnancy and fetal growth. Study aimed to evaluate Pregnancy induced hypertension in relation to placental and fetal birth weight.Methods: Total 200 mothers participated in the study, various parameters related with placental and fetal weight were calculated and analysed.Results: This study observed the reduction of placental weight in the hypertensive disorders. Placental weight shows marked variation in all the groups and coefficient of variation was higher in severe PIH group, but mean weight was less with increased severity of PIH. Baby weight shows marked variation in all the groups and coefficient of variation was increased with severity of PIH and mean weight was less with increased severity of PIH. Placental weight was significantly reduced in pre-eclamptic pregnancies and it was directly correlated with fetal birth weight.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy adversely influence the placental weight, which ultimately, adversely influence the maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Successful maternal outcome after vaginal delivery in a patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome
Authors: Chauhan Divya , Agarwal Rachna , Gupta Prerna , Radhakrishnan Gita , Radhika Ayalur Gopalakrishnan
Published: February 2018

Patients with Eisenmenger syndrome are advised against pregnancy. Sometimes patients are diagnosed with Eisenmenger syndrome for the first time during pregnancy. This is what has happened in our case. A primigravida was diagnosed with ventricular septal defect with severe pulmonary artery hypertension for the first time during pregnancy at 34 weeks period of gestation. Management of such patients is challenging with different studies showing variable results. Here we describe such a case which was managed conservatively and was allowed to go into labour spontaneously with vacuum extraction during second stage which subsequently led to a favourable maternal outcome.
Common sites and causes of chronic cervical lymphadenopathy among a sample of Iraqi patients
Authors: Alkumasi Hussein Ali , Al Ghadhban Mohammed Reda , Mohammed Faris Talib
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic cervical lymphadenopathy may result from a variety of different underlying diseases. It could be a sign of inflammation, metastatic tumor or lymphoma.Methods: This is a prospective study of 60 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy who attended Al Karama Teaching Hospital for the period (1/12/2008 to 1/2/2010). Data includes their demographic information, clinical presentation, investigations and histopathological results.Results: Twenty six patients were males (43.3%) and 34 were females (56.7%). The male to female ratio was 1:1.3. Age distribution had shown that the highest incidence occurred in those between (11-20) years old (15 patients, 25%), followed by those between (1-10) years old. The mean age was 31.2±21.5 SD. The most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy was reactive hyperplasia (23 patients, 38.3%) followed by Tuberculous lymphadenopathy (15patients, 25%). Lymphomas (13 patients, 21.7%) and metastatic deposits (7 patients, 11.7%).Conclusions: The most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy was reactive hyperplasia followed by tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Tuberculous lymphadenopathy continues to be a major health problem, and this may be explained by situation in this country in the last few decades that affected the socio-economic, health care and the living standard of population.
Assessment and comparison of laparoscopic hernia repair versus open hernia: a non-randomized study
Authors: Murthy P. Krishna , Ravalia Dilip
Published: February 2018

Background: Hernia is the abnormal exit of an organ or fatty tissue, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Repair of inguinal hernia is one of the common surgical procedures done worldwide. Present study was performed with an aim to compare the effectiveness of laparoscopic hernia repair and Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty and to know for any special pre-operative/ intra operative requirements for surgery.Methods: Present study is a non-randomized comparative study. The study consisted 50 patients treated with Hernioplasty (20 cases of laparoscopic hernioplasty and 30 cases of open hernioplasty in the Department of General Surgery, during the study period of one year. Data were collected using a questionnaire.Results: Mean operating time in group A was 92.25 minutes while in group B was 43.5 minutes, which is significantly supplementary. Pain score was significantly less in group A with 75% patients giving score 1-2 (mild pain) and 3 patients with discomforting pain with p<0.05.Conclusions: laparoscopic pre-peritoneal mesh repair of inguinal hernia is safe and efficacious and offers definitive advantages over open mesh repair and should be an available option for all patients requiring elective Hernioplasty.
Clinical profile of patients with fibroadenoma of breast
Authors: Laxman Santhosh , Sangolgi Pramod , Jabshetty Sharan , Bhavikatti Arun , Uttam Arun
Published: February 2018

Background: Fibroadenomas of breast are the commonest benign breast conditions. It is an attempt to study this common condition.Methods: Fifty cases with histologically diagnosed cases of fibroadenoma were included in the study and were compared with previous data from literature.Results: All the fifty patients included in this study were indoor patients. Maximum number of patient were in third decade (64%). Urban females have higher incidence of fibroadenoma (72%). Most fibroadenoma are unilateral (86%). Fibroadenoma are commonly present in upper lateral quadrant of breast (34%). Large sized fibroadenoma are common (58%). Pericanalicular pattern is most common histopathological finding (84%). Surgical excision is the commonest mode of treatment (36%).Conclusions: Fibroadenoma are common in third decade, urban female population. Fibroadenoma are usually unilateral, pericanalicular histological variant.
A study on role of continuous suction drain tube in post-mastectomy seroma collection in carcinoma breast
Authors: Santhi B. , Vinoth R. , J. Kenny Robert
Published: February 2018

Background: The essential parts of surgical management are breast conservation surgery and modified radical mastectomy of Auchincloss. Seroma is the most common complication following surgery of the breast. By creating negative pressure and obliterating dead space. The continuous suction drain tube procedure has been suggested as one potential technique to reduce the incidence of seroma in breast surgery by creating negative pressure. The aim was to study the effect of continuous suction drain tube in reducing seroma and to compare with standard closed suction drain.Methods: Totally 50 female were observed in the study. Patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma were included in this study. During the closure, the wound was closed with a closed-suction drain. Suction drain end was connected to a suction pump which was available in the wards.Results: The age of patients with a peak incidence in the 4th decade of life ranging from 35 years to80 years. The quantity of seroma in the postoperative period was measured on 3rd day, 7th day, 10th day, 12th day and 15th day. There was a significant difference in the seroma quantity postoperatively, thus permitting an earlier removal of drain tube in the study group.Conclusions: The role of continuous suction drain tube in modified radical mastectomy has reduced the formation of seroma significantly has led to the early removal of drains, institution of 1st cycle of chemotherapy before discharging the patient and thus reducing the hospital stay. It has also led to low incidence of flap necrosis postoperatively.
Filarial breast lump: a rare entity
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Reyaz Mushir , Singh Gyanendra
Published: February 2018

Breast filariasis is a rare entity and filarial breast lump can also mimic malignancy. Authors present a case of breast lump from an endemic region which turned out to be a filarial lump on histopathology report. So, a remote diagnosis of filariasis should also be kept in management of patients with breast lump from areas endemic for filariasis to avoid mismanagement.
Dyslexia: Assessment of Neuropsychological Contributions
Authors: Silva Denice Resende
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to synthesize, following the rules of an integrative review articles published in Portuguese in digital media concerning the contributions of neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and or understanding of dyslexia. The study was guiding questions, neuropsychological assessment is used to diagnose and understand dyslexia, which are professionals who excel in conducting research in the area; which instruments / tests are best used for evaluation and that the contributions of the studies. The results demonstrate that Neuropsychological Assessment is essential for diagnosis and assertive design in cases of dyslexia. They also show that professionals who publish more on dyslexia related to neuropsychological evaluation area are speech pathologists, the WISC III was the most widely used test, also emphasize the importance of multi-professional team in the diagnostic process and adaptation of dyslexic in the social environment.

Dislexia: Contribuições da Avaliação Neuropsicologica

O Objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar, seguindo as normas de uma revisão integrativa, artigos publicados em português na mídia digital referentes as contribuições da avaliação neuropsicológica no diagnóstico e ou entendimento da Dislexia. O estudo teve como questões norteadoras, a avaliação neuropsicológica é utilizada para diagnosticar e entender a Dislexia, quais são os profissionais que se destacam na realização de pesquisas na área; quais instrumentos/testes são mais utilizados para avaliação e quais as contribuições dos estudos. Os resultados demostram que Avaliação Neuropsicológica é imprescindível para um diagnóstico e delineamento assertivo nos casos de Dislexia. Mostram também que os profissionais que mais publicam na área de Avaliação neuropsicológica relacionada a Dislexia são os fonoaudiólogos, o Wisc III foi o teste mais utilizado, ressaltam ainda a importância da equipe multiprofissional no processo de diagnóstico e adaptação do disléxico no meio social.
Deficiencia de glucosa 6-fosfato deshidrogenasa en Colombia: memorias de 22 años de tamizaje de alto riesgo
Authors: Uribe Ardila Alfredo
Published: February 2018

La deficiencia de la Glucosa 6 Fosfato Deshidrogenasa es un desorden hereditario del metabolismo ligado al cromosoma X, considerada como la enfermedad metabólica de mayor frecuencia a nivel mundial con más de 400 millones de individuos afectados, es la causa más común de anemia hemolítica no autoinmune de origen metabólico. La prevalencia calculada para Colombia según la organización mundial de la salud se encuentra entre 3 – 7%, pero los reportes de estudios poblacionales son escasos, creando la necesidad de incluir esta deficiencia en un programa de tamizaje neonatal, más cuando aproximadamente un 11 % de la población es afrodescendiente, que sin contar con el mestizaje, puede ofrecer una frecuencia mayor de la deficiencia en ciertas regiones del país.El presente estudio brinda entonces, una panorámica general de la prevalencia de esta enzimopatía eritrocitaria, en población con anemia hemolítica crónica o episódica de naturaleza no inmune, procedentes de diferentes lugares del territorio nacional. Comprende la valoración de 3837 muestras durante el periodo 1998 al 2016, un total de 1801 controles y 2036 individuos (982 hombres/1054 mujeres, Rango de edad: 1 semana a 91 años) con hallazgos sugerentes de esta condición metabólica.Los resultados encontrados, ofrecen una prevalencia del 7 % de la deficiencia con grados variables de actividad residual. El rango general de los grupos control osciló entre 3,31 - 9,98 UI/gr HB, contrastante contra el grupo de afectados (n=144) que ofreció un valor de 0,0 – 2,97, el 67 % (n=96) correspondiente a varones afectados. Estos hallazgos evidencian la importancia de incluir dentro de un programa de detección neonatal, esta enzimopatía eritrocitaria
Entre Diálogos e Saberes Interculturais: Reflexões Sobre o II Seminário de Questões Socioambientais e Etnobiodiversidade na Amazônia
Authors: Saraiva Luis Junior Costa , Barboza Roberta Sá Leitão , Vieira Norma Cristina , Cardoso Sérgio Ricardo Pereira , Corrêa Jéssica Do Socorro Leite
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre a experiência de organização e montagem do II Seminário de Questões socioambientais e etnobiodiversidade na Amazônia, no qual buscou-se construir um evento com a participação direta dos povos tradicionais (pescadores/pescadoras, agricultores/agricultoras, artesãs/artesãos, benzedeiras/benzedeiros, erveiros/erveiras) do nordeste paraense, a partir de relações dialógicas nas quais acadêmicos (professores e alunos pesquisadores) e povos tradicionais de modo conjunto e dialogado, debateram temas relacionados a biodiversidade de forma simétrica e horizontal em que foi possível estabelecer um debate importante sobre saberes em movimento.
Entre unas palabras y unas cosas: La dimensión etnográfica del Atlas Lingüístico-Etnográfico de Colombia (ALEC)
Authors: Munévar Salazar Alejandro , Bernal Chavez Julio Alexander
Published: February 2018

Entre 1954 y 1983, el Instituto Caro y Cuervo elaboró el Atlas Lingüístico-Etnográfico de Colombia (ALEC). El ALEC está compuesto por dos dimensiones: una inicial y principal lingüística, y una secundaria pero complementaria etnográfica. En concordancia con la apuesta téorica Wörter und Sachen (las palabras y las cosas) y con el interés por estudiar la “cultura popular” campesina, la investigación buscó dar cuenta simultáneamente del español del campesinado colombiano y de las prácticas que constituyen su cotidianidad. En este documento queremos responder a la pregunta: ¿en qué consiste la dimensión etnográfica del ALEC? Describiremos entonces con detalle esa dimensión del ALEC a partir de cuatro ejes: 1) la “intencionalidad etnográfica”; 2) el “método etnográfico”; 3) el “dato etnográfico”; y 4) el “objeto etnográfico”.
Ethos y temporalidad. El discurso de Juan Manuel Santos al recibir el premio Nobel de paz
Authors: Olave Arias Giohanny
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se analiza el discurso pronunciado por Juan Manuel Santos al recibir el Premio Nobel de la Paz, en diciembre de 2016. Desde una perspectiva interpretativa interdisciplinar del análisis del discurso, se utiliza la dimensión retórico-argumentativa del ethos para explorar la inscripción de la temporalidad en la construcción de la imagen de sí mismo, gestionada por el presidente en su alocución. El proceso analítico aplicado fue de orden inferencial, hacia la búsqueda de categorías emergentes sobre la base teórica de la noción de ethos discursivo. Como resultado, se explican los modos en que convergen el ethos y la temporalidad en un relato finalista del conflicto armado, orientado hacia la reparación de la imagen del mandatario, afectada durante el proceso de refrendación popular del acuerdo de paz con la guerrilla de las FARC. En las conclusiones, se integran las dimensiones cronológicas, los planos de la identidad verbal y los recursos identificados, a través de la noción de ethos histórico.
La grammaire: sa place dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues et sa demarche
Authors: López Sosa Carmen Diosa , Fonseca Ayala Misael
Published: February 2018

Pendant les dernières années, il y a eu quelques discussions par rapport à la grammaire en tant qu’outil important lequel ne doit pas être oublié ou rejeté dans les cours de langue étrangère. C’est ainsi qu’aujourd’hui, on parle de la différence qui existe entre apprentissage grammaticale et apprentissage grammaticalisé. Le premier fait référence à la méthode traditionnelle de l’apprentissage d’une langue qui consiste à apprendre des règles par cœur pour construire des phrases correctes, dans cette optique l’apprenant est au service de la grammaire. De nos jours, avec le travail mené à bien par le Cadre Commun de Référence pour les langues, on a une autre idée de ce que c’est la grammaire et son enseignement car cette composante grammaticale est au service de ce qui apprend la langue. De là,  que les processus d’enseignement de la langue changent aussi les perspectives et mettent en avant les besoins des apprenants pour satisfaire les goûts et les façons d’acquérir les connaissances.
PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT SERTA KADAR MALONDIALDEHIDE (MDA) BURUNG PUYUH (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)
Authors: Maheshwari Hera , Sasmita Annissa Nuridfi , Farajallah Achmad , Achmadi Pudji , Santoso Koekoeh
Published: February 2018

The main problem in tropical poultry farming that often happens is a high mortality rate. Deaths occurrance mostly by heat stress, a condition which is caused by high temperature ( > 28 ° C). Prolonged heat stress was given to 24 quails grouped in four groups: A (39 ° C), B (41 ° C), C (43 ° C) and D (45 ° C). Provision of heat stress was done when the quails were 2 days old. Blood sampling was performed at the age of 6 weeks. Overall, there was an increase in the number of white blood cell, heterophile, eosinophil, monocyte, the ratio between heterophyll and lymphocyte and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in all treatment groups. While the number of lymphocytes decreased in all treatment groups. Basophils had a significant increase in group C, but there was a decrease in group B and D decreased from control. This indicates that maintenance above temperature > 25 ° C can cause oxidative stress due to heat stress in quail.
The Effect of Narcotics, Psychotropic, and Addictive Substance Counseling toward SMK Students’ Knowledge about Drug Abuse
Authors: Hasanah Dwiatri Harjanti Uswatun , Murtiati Tri , Rahayu Sri
Published: February 2018

Understanding about narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances is beneficial to prevent drugs abuse among students. One of the ways to provide knowledge about this topic may be done by counseling. This research was aimed to know the effect of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances counseling toward students’ knowledge about drug abuse. The study was conducted in SMK Negeri 34 Jakarta during May 2012 using an experimental method. Simulation method was performed in experimental class whether speech method was applied in control group. This research design was pretest-posttest control group using multiple choice knowledge test instrument. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Normality testing of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test and homogeneity testing of t-test showed a normal distribution and homogenous data. Meanwhile, hypothesis testing done by t-test at α = 0.05 result was –ttable < tcount < ttable at -3.23 < -0.67 < 2.03, meaning that there was no effect of narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances counseling toward students’ knowledge about drugs abuse.
Development and Examination of Personal and Social Responsibility Behaviors Scale
Authors: FİLİZ Bijen , DEMİRHAN Gıyasettin
Published: February 2018

In
this study, “Personal and Social Responsibility Behaviors Scale (PSRB-S)” was
developed in order to determine students’ responsibility behaviors in
accordance with “Personal and Social Responsibility” model developed by Don
Hellison and students’ personal and social responsibility levels were examined
in terms of gender, age and years of sport practice
through this scale. Pertaining to personal and social dimension of responsibility,
four-category Likert type trial scale consisting of 52 items and Exploratory
Factor Analysis (EFA) were applied to 330 high-school students. Items that did
not apply as a result of the analysis were omitted from 52-item trial scale and
the scale was reduced to 14 items. A final scale consisting of two factors was
created. Obtained scale was applied to different 250 high-school students for
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). It has been determined that EFA and CFA
results of two-factor PSRB-S and reliability and validity of internal
consistency coefficients are at an acceptable level. It was not detected a
significance difference in total scores of athlete students’ responsibility
behaviors in terms of gender  and age variables
while there were significant difference in their total scores of years of sport
practice.
ABSOLUTE GROWTH AND BIOMASS OF Gracilaria sp. THAT CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT DEPTHS
Authors: Herliany Nurlaila Ervina , Zamdial Z , Febriyanti Rahma
Published: February 2018

There is significant increasing of seaweeds demand over the years that affect the development of seaweeds farming in Indonesia. Gracilaria sp. is one of the species that cultivated in Indonesia. There are some factors that affect the successful of seaweeds cultivation, one of them is cultivation depth. The research was carried out to study the effect of different depth on absolute growth and biomass of Gracilaria sp. Gracilaria sp. was cultivated under three different depths (30, 45 and 60 cm). The result shows that absolute growth and biomass were influenced by cultivation depth. The best treatment was cultivation at 30 cm of depth. Water quality measurements shows that research location is suitable for the growth of seaweeds.

Keywords : Absolute growth, Biomass, Cultivation depths, Gracilaria sp
Viability of EOR Processes in the Bakken Under Geological and Economic Uncertainty
Authors: Joslin K. , Abraham A. M. , Thaker T. , Pathak V. , Kumar A.
Published: February 2018

For tight oil reservoirs, primary depletion using multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells typically only recovers between 5 to 15% of original oil in place, and can exhibit an exponential decline in production rates within a few months. Various enhanced recovery techniques exist, which offer great potential to increase the recovery in conventional reservoirs, however their feasibility within tight formations is not proven. This paper investigates the applicability of several different recovery techniques using a simulation-integrated workflow to both optimize the hydraulic fracture and well configuration design, and determine under which conditions these EOR methods are feasible.

In addition to natural depletion, the EOR techniques investigated included immiscible and miscible gas flood and a cyclic Huff n Puff process. Using a simulation model representative of the Elm Coulee reservoir in the Bakken formation, a net present value optimization was performed with comprehensive economic analysis. Optimal operating constraints, fracture design and well configurations were found for each of the techniques investigated. Upon completion of the optimization, each optimal case was subjected to a sensitivity analysis on geological and economic parameters which cover the expected range of the Middle Bakken formation within the Elm Coulee region. Based on this uncertainty, a greater confidence can be achieved in each of the techniques as well as their versatility.

From the simulation study, it was discovered that the optimal configuration was different for each of the recovery techniques evaluated. For natural depletion and immiscible flooding, the optimal well spacing was 400m combined with the largest fracture spacing of 125m. Conversely, the miscible flooding method achieved optimal NPV values at the closest well spacing. The cyclic process, which used CO2 for the injected fluid, produced its optimal NPV at a closer fracture spacing when compared to the other 3 methods. Additionally, the Huff n Puff process required further optimization on cycle time to achieve the ideal conditions. The uncertainty analyses performed showed that for each of these recovery techniques the results varied significantly depending on the combination of reservoir, hydraulic fracture design and operating input parameters. Economically, the oil price was the most influential parameter, while geologically the connate water saturation and formation thickness carried the greatest impact. A change in conditions could greatly influence the application of the recovery techniques and possibly yield different optimum configurations.

This paper provides an extensive workflow for optimizing EOR techniques and insight into their applicability in tight oil formations. It also demonstrates the importance of understanding the geological parameters prior to determining the ideal recovery technique and corresponding well configuration.
Nano-Particle Surfactant in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids for Enhanced Post Frac Oil Recovery
Authors: Quintero Harvey , Mattucci Mike , Hawkes Robert , Zhang Kewei , O'Neil Bill
Published: February 2018

Due to the mixed-wettability phenomenon found in Montney rock fabric, choosing the ideal flowback enhancer/surfactant to Enhance Post Frac Oil Recovery (EPFOR), has not been a straightforward task. Along with the wettability ambiguity, Montney exhibits nano-Darcy permeability making laboratory testing challenging.

Conventionally at the flowback stage, injected treatment water is recovered as soon as possible with the intent to reduce the water saturation in the invasion zone and newly created complex network of fractures. On the contrary, the soakback/slowback concept has been recently adapted as a new practice for flowback management. The well is left shut in for an extended period to promote counter-current imbibition phenomena, where the residual hydraulic fracturing fluid can imbibe deeper in the formation matrix driven by osmotic and capillary forces. The imbibition mechanism into the matrix and dissipation of water saturations beyond the invasion zone help clean up water in the propped fractures and can help to ramp up peak hydrocarbon rates.

Common surfactant chemistry applied in hydraulic fracturing on Montney can be rendered inefficient due to the fast-adsorbing effect in the near-wellbore (hydraulic fracture face) area. Instead, an innovative nano-particle surfactant (NPS) has been developed, that can penetrate through formation rock and oil layers more efficiently, carrying low salinity hydraulic fracturing fluids deeper in the rock matrix, by reducing the in-situ interfacial tension between crude oil and the stimulation fluids and altering the mixed wettability of the formation rock to a more water-wet state. Additionally, the fabric of the Montney formation contains clays, which displays osmotic membrane characteristics in the presence of high salinity gradients (stimulation fluid and connate water). Once stimulation fluid invades the pore space through clay platelets, pore pressure increases and an expulsion of hydrocarbon from pore space is followed.

In this paper, we examine properties of NPS through a rigorous laboratory testing protocol with Montney core and liquid hydrocarbon specimens. Interfacial tension testing shows that when NPS is added at a minimum loading of 0.1 L/m3 in the stimulation fluid, a further interfacial tension reduction of approximately ~41.3% is reached in comparison to other commercially available petroleum surfactants at the same loading. Long-term Amott cell testing performed with Montney core samples in the presences of NPS displays a substantial increase in oil recovery when compared to the blank.

This paper attempts to detail the development of the NPS through laboratory and field testing which includes the characteristics of hydraulic fracturing fluids, produced hydrocarbons, and formation rock interactions.
Enhanced Recovery by Injection of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Mixtures in Tight Reservoirs: A Combination of Partial Pressure Reduction and Competitive Adsorption
Authors: Santiago C. J. , Kantzas A.
Published: February 2018

Due to its superior properties in releasing hydrocarbons while reducing carbon foot-print, CO2 injection has been considered a promising technique for Enhanced Recovery in tight/shale reservoirs. However, although it has the potential to increase reserves, CO2 does not necessarily result in faster production. In this work, numerical modeling is used to demonstrate that a combination of N2 and CO2 as the injection gas mixture provides superior results in terms of both production performance and CO2 sequestration. The competing effects of Knudsen and molecular diffusion are incorporated by using the Maxwell-Stefan equations and the Dusty-Gas approach. The total flux of gas considers contribution of viscous flow, molecular and Knudsen diffusion, adsorption/desorption and surface diffusion. The 1D model is solved using the Method of Lines, and validated against counter-diffusion experiments available in the literature. Once validated, the model is used to perform numerical experiments demonstrating the effects of transport mechanisms during injection of N2 and CO2 mixtures. We evaluate average pressure, breakthrough times and chromatographic separation effects in the presence of a wider range of components (C1, C2, C3 and C4+) in flow through adsorbing porous media.

During validation, it is demonstrated that the Maxwell-Stefan equations are able to properly model friction between molecules, which is critical in evaluating displacement front advancement during gas injection. This demonstrates the superior properties of the Maxwell-Stefan equations, when compared to classical Fick’s law, which is commonly used in upstream modeling.

Due to adsorption and diffusion effects, the mobility of N2 and CO2 molecules in the medium is significantly different. It is observed that N2 moves quickly, since it does not interact strongly with the pore walls. As a result, breakthrough times are short. Behind the displacement front, N2 composition is high, and hydrocarbons are released due to partial pressure reduction. CO2, on the other hand, is readily adsorbed by the organic sites. This results in a self-sharpening behavior of the displacement front. Whenever a molecule of CO2 advances ahead of the concentration shock, it is quickly adsorbed, keeping a distinct front, in a piston-like fashion. Therefore, breakthrough times for CO2 molecules are considerably longer. Competitive adsorption of CO2 results in release of heavier hydrocarbon fractions, which forms concentration banks that are transported through the medium by the fast flowing N2.

The use of Maxwell-Stefan equations for evaluating chromatographic separation provides a well-founded approach to track frontal velocities and properly predict heavier hydrocarbon fractions production. It is demonstrated that a combination of N2 and CO2 injection in tight reservoirs helps in enhancing production while retaining injected CO2.