bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole‐Blood Taurine Concentrations in Cats With Intestinal Disease
Authors: Kathrani A. , Fascetti A.J. , Larsen J.A. , Maunder C. , Hall E.J.
Published: June 2017

Background

Increased delivery of taurine‐conjugated bile acids to the distal bowel can lead to dysbiosis resulting in colitis in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. A similar situation also could occur in cats with intestinal disease and might therefore result in decreased whole‐body taurine concentration.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To determine whether whole‐blood taurine concentrations are decreased at the time of diagnosis in cats with intestinal disease and to correlate concentrations with clinical and laboratory variables.

Animals

Twenty‐one cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and 7 cats with intestinal neoplasia from the University of Bristol.

Methods

Cats that had undergone a thorough investigation consisting of a CBC, serum biochemistry, serum cobalamin and folate concentrations, transabdominal ultrasound examination and histopathology of intestinal biopsy specimens, as well as additional testing if indicated, were included. Whole‐blood from these cats collected at the time of histologic diagnosis and stored in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was retrospectively analyzed for taurine with an automated high‐performance liquid chromatography amino acid analyzer.

Results

Although whole‐blood taurine concentrations remained within the reference range, those cats with predominantly large intestinal clinical signs had significantly lower concentrations than did cats with small intestinal and mixed bowel clinical signs (P = 0.033) and this difference also was significant when assessed only in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (P = 0.019).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Additional studies are needed to determine whether large intestinal signs in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy are caused by alterations in the microbiota arising as a consequence of increased delivery of taurine‐conjugated bile acids.
Genetics and developmental biology of cooperation
Authors: Kasper Claudia , Vierbuchen Maddalena , Ernst Ulrich , Fischer Stefan , Radersma Reinder , Raulo Aura , Cunha‐Saraiva Filipa , Wu Min , Mobley Kenyon B. , Taborsky Barbara
Published: June 2017

Despite essential progress towards understanding the evolution of cooperative behaviour, we still lack detailed knowledge about its underlying molecular mechanisms, genetic basis, evolutionary dynamics and ontogeny. An international workshop “Genetics and Development of Cooperation,” organized by the University of Bern (Switzerland), aimed at discussing the current progress in this research field and suggesting avenues for future research. This review uses the major themes of the meeting as a springboard to synthesize the concepts of genetic and nongenetic inheritance of cooperation, and to review a quantitative genetic framework that allows for the inclusion of indirect genetic effects. Furthermore, we argue that including nongenetic inheritance, such as transgenerational epigenetic effects, parental effects, ecological and cultural inheritance, provides a more nuanced view of the evolution of cooperation. We summarize those genes and molecular pathways in a range of species that seem promising candidates for mechanisms underlying cooperative behaviours. Concerning the neurobiological substrate of cooperation, we suggest three cognitive skills necessary for the ability to cooperate: (i) event memory, (ii) synchrony with others and (iii) responsiveness to others. Taking a closer look at the developmental trajectories that lead to the expression of cooperative behaviours, we discuss the dichotomy between early morphological specialization in social insects and more flexible behavioural specialization in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Finally, we provide recommendations for which biological systems and species may be particularly suitable, which specific traits and parameters should be measured, what type of approaches should be followed, and which methods should be employed in studies of cooperation to better understand how cooperation evolves and manifests in nature.
Signatures of soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus underlying determinate growth habit in soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Zhong Limei , Yang Qiaomei , Yan Xin , Yu Chao , Su Liu , Zhang Xifeng , Zhu Youlin
Published: June 2017

Determinate growth habit is an agronomically important trait associated with domestication in soya bean. Previous studies have demonstrated that the emergence of determinacy is correlated with artificial selection on four nonsynonymous mutations in the Dt1 gene. To better understand the signatures of the soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus and track the origins of the determinate alleles, we examined patterns of nucleotide variation in Dt1 and the surrounding genomic region of approximately 800 kb. Four local, asymmetrical hard sweeps on four determinate alleles, sized approximately 660, 120, 220 and 150 kb, were identified, which constitute the soft sweeps for the adaptation. These variable‐sized sweeps substantially reflected the strength and timing of selection and indicated that the selection on the alleles had been completed rapidly within half a century. Statistics of EHH, iHS, H12 and H2/H1 based on haplotype data had the power to detect the soft sweeps, revealing distinct signatures of extensive long‐range LD and haplotype homozygosity, and multiple frequent adaptive haplotypes. A haplotype network constructed for Dt1 and a phylogenetic tree based on its extended haplotype block implied independent sources of the adaptive alleles through de novo mutations or rare standing variation in quick succession during the selective phase, strongly supporting multiple origins of the determinacy. We propose that the adaptation of soya bean determinacy is guided by a model of soft sweeps and that this model might be indispensable during crop domestication or evolution.
Beyond methodological agnosticism: Ritual, healing, and Sri Lanka's civil war
Authors: Hatsumi Kaori
Published: June 2017

In April 2010, eleven months after the end of Sri Lanka's civil war, I participated in the Catholic Easter rite in a Tamil fishing village in the Vanni, where the last battle between the Sri Lankan government forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was fought. This article explores the way in which the ritual enactments of the paschal mystery, called pasch, came to have enormously therapeutic effects for the survivors during Holy Week. The decisive factors in the villagers’ Easter experience included: the nature of the orthodox rite and accompanying local traditions, the unique historical context in which they found themselves, and their readiness to receive healing and start a new life. The article calls for the abandonment of methodological agnosticism in order for us to understand the villagers’ religious experiences, and contributes to the emerging field of ‘post‐secular’ anthropology.
When Gesture Becomes Analogy
Authors: Cooperrider Kensy , Goldin‐Meadow Susan
Published: June 2017

Analogy researchers do not often examine gesture, and gesture researchers do not often borrow ideas from the study of analogy. One borrowable idea from the world of analogy is the importance of distinguishing between attributes and relations. Gentner (,) observed that some metaphors highlight attributes and others highlight relations, and called the latteranalogies. Mirroring this logic, we observe that some metaphoric gestures represent attributes and others represent relations, and propose to call the latteranalogical gestures. We provide examples of such analogical gestures and show how they relate to the categories of iconic and metaphoric gestures described previously. Analogical gestures represent different types of relations and different degrees of relational complexity, and sometimes cohere into larger analogical models. Treating analogical gestures as a distinct phenomenon prompts new questions and predictions, and illustrates one way that the study of gesture and the study of analogy can be mutually informative.
Opioid Addiction in Rural North Carolina: A Criminal Justice and Public Health Issue
Authors: Anderson James F. , Reinsmith-Jones Kelley
Published: June 2017

Opioid addiction and abuse has become a nationwide epidemic in America. Chief among the states where this behavior is most pervasive is North Carolina. Current statistics reveal that not only are addiction, abuse, and untimely deaths owing to overdose (especially from heroin use) are found in urban areas, but these behaviors are also pervasive in rural areas of the state where health experts and criminal justice officials struggle with the challenges of addressing public health and criminal justice consequences that come with drug addiction and abuse such as treatment, prevention, and punishments, respectively. Unlike urban areas that often have adequate resources to address these concerns, this is not the case in rural areas that struggle with more addicts and offenders than resources to manage this current crisis. Because of the complexity of the opioid crisis and many of the past lessons learned from the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s, we believe that society can more effectively address the new opioid epidemic by relying on both criminal justice as well as public health strategies.
Functional expression of calcium‐permeable canonical transient receptor potential 4‐containing channels promotes migration of medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Wei Wei‐Chun , Huang Wan‐Chen , Lin Yu‐Ping , Becker Esther B. E. , Ansorge Olaf , Flockerzi Veit , Conti Daniele , Cenacchi Giovanna , Glitsch Maike D.
Published: June 2017

Key points

The proton sensing ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, aka GPR68) promotes expression of the canonical transient receptor potential channel subunit TRPC4 in normal and transformed cerebellar granule precursor (DAOY) cells.

OGR1 and TRPC4 are prominently expressed in healthy cerebellar tissue throughout postnatal development and in primary cerebellar medulloblastoma tissues.

Activation of TRPC4‐containing channels in DAOY cells, but not non‐transformed granule precursor cells, results in prominent increases in [Ca2+]i and promotes cell motility in wound healing and transwell migration assays.

Medulloblastoma cells not arising from granule precursor cells show neither prominent rises in [Ca2+]i nor enhanced motility in response to TRPC4 activation unless they overexpressTRPC4.

Our results suggest that OGR1 enhances expression of TRPC4‐containing channels that contribute to enhanced invasion and metastasis of granule precursor‐derived human medulloblastoma.

Aberrant intracellular Ca2+ signalling contributes to the formation and progression of a range of distinct pathologies including cancers. Rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration occur in response to Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane channels and Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, which can be mobilized in response to activation of cell surface receptors. Ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, aka GPR68) is a proton‐sensing Gq‐coupled receptor that is most highly expressed in cerebellum. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common paediatric brain tumour that arises from cerebellar precursor cells. We found that nine distinct human MB samples all expressed OGR1. In both normal granule cells and the transformed human cerebellar granule cell line DAOY, OGR1 promoted expression of the proton‐potentiated member of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family, TRPC4. Consistent with a role for TRPC4 in MB, we found that all MB samples also expressed TRPC4. In DAOY cells, activation of TRPC4‐containing channels resulted in large Ca2+ influx and enhanced migration, while in normal cerebellar granule (precursor) cells and MB cells not derived from granule precursors, only small levels of Ca2+ influx and no enhanced migration were observed. Our results suggest that OGR1‐dependent increases in TRPC4 expression may favour formation of highly Ca2+‐permeable TRPC4‐containing channels that promote transformed granule cell migration. Increased motility of cancer cells is a prerequisite for cancer invasion and metastasis, and our findings may point towards a key role for TRPC4 in progression of certain types of MB.
Dominikia emiratia and Rhizoglomus dunense, two new species in the Glomeromycota
Authors: Al-Yahya’ei Mohamed N. , Mullath Sangeeta Kutty , AlDhaheri Laila A. , Kozłowska Anna , Błaszkowski Janusz
Published: June 2017

The morphological, histochemical, and molecular properties of two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) have been characterized. The first species is distinguished by spores that are orange to brownish orange, small, and formed only in clusters and mainly by having two laminate layers in a three-layered spore wall, with layer three staining dark in Melzer’s reagent. Despite the morphological similarity to some Septoglomus spp., phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the SSU–ITS–LSU nrDNA region and the RPB1 gene accommodated the fungus in the genus Dominikia, hence it was named Dominika emiratia. Intact spores of the second species, named Rhizoglomus dunense, closely resemble colourless isolates of R. clarum, but their spore wall layer three never becomes coloured with age, as does that in most R. clarum spores, and most importantly, the two fungi are separated by a large molecular distance. Dominikia emiratia was originally extracted from the rhizosphere of three plant species cultivated in two fields in a sandy desert in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi of the United Arab Emirates. Rhizoglomus dunense was found in a trap culture inoculated with the rhizosphere soil and root fragments of Ammophila arenaria, which had colonized sand dunes of the Mediterranean Sea, located near Thessalonica, Greece.
A family of formulas with reversal of high avoidability index
Authors: Currie James , Mol Lucas , Rampersad Narad
Published: June 2017

We present an infinite family of formulas with reversal whose avoidability index is bounded between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and we show that several members of the family have avoidability index [Formula: see text]. This family is particularly interesting due to its size and the simple structure of its members. For each [Formula: see text] there are several previously known avoidable formulas (without reversal) of avoidability index [Formula: see text] but they are small in number and they all have rather complex structure.
Games with Costly Winnings
Authors: Nowik Irit , Nowik Tahl
Published: June 2017

We introduce a new sequential game, where each player has a limited resource that he needs to spend on increasing the probability of winning each stage, but also on maintaining the assets that he has won in the previous stages. Thus, the players’ strategies must take into account that winning at any given stage negatively affects the chances of winning in later stages. Whenever the initial resources of the players are not too small, we present explicit strategies for the players, and show that they are a Nash equilibrium, which is unique in an appropriate sense.
A novel connection between rough sets, hypergraphs and hypergroups
Authors: Maryati Tita Khalis , Davvaz Bijan
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a general framework for the study of the relations between hypergraphs and hypergroups based on approximation operators. Indeed, by a given hypergraph [Formula: see text], an equivalence relation [Formula: see text] on the set of vertices and using the notion of lower and upper approximations, we investigate two new hyperoperations on the set of vertices. In particular, by considering certain conditions on the equivalence relation [Formula: see text], we obtain two related [Formula: see text]-groups and we prove some results in this respect.
Fundamental Analysis of the Perturbation Rejection Characteristics of Single‐Input‐Multiple‐Output Systems Subject to Multiple Perturbations
Authors: Amezquita-Brooks Luis , Liceaga-Castro Jesús Ulises , Liceaga-Castro Eduardo , Martinez-Vazquez Daniel , Garcia-Salazar Octavio
Published: June 2017

Single‐Input‐Multiple‐Output (SIMO) systems are found in several applications. Some of the main concerns are (1) the possibility of stabilizing all the outputs and (2) the possibility of attaining independent tracking control of all the outputs. Whereas the first issue can be easily be elucidated, the second has proven to be impossible in all but a few systems. In many cases one practical option is to use the input to drive a main output, taking care that the behavior of the remaining secondary outputs is acceptable. In this configuration, in addition to the features of the main control loop, the perturbation rejection properties of the secondary outputs become important. This article analyzes the structural properties, stability, and perturbation rejection characteristics of SIMO systems. The article presents fundamental conclusions regarding the relationship of the main control loop and the perturbation rejection characteristics of the secondary outputs. A simple and intuitive example is used to show how the theoretical findings can be used to improve the design of the main control loop through its frequency domain characteristics. The results are developed using simple frequency domain theoretical elements, making the findings relevant for both engineering applications and deriving further theoretical developments.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Three Ephedrines in Rat after Oral Administration of Unprocessed and Honey‐Fried Ephedra Extract by Response Surface Experimental Design
Authors: Cheng Yezhe , Zhang Yu , Xing Hang , Qian Kun , Zhao Longshan , Chen Xiaohui
Published: June 2017

Ephedra have been used as a common traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. However, the perspiration effect of the unprocessed ephedra was too strong. Clinical trials have shown that processing methods play a critical role in moderating the perspiration property of ephedra according to the needs. A LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of the three ephedrines after oral administration of unprocessed and honey‐fried ephedra extract. The contents of honey, frying temperature, and frying time were set at 20%, 116°C, and 7 min by the Box‐Behnken response surface method, respectively. In the pharmacokinetics study, the biosamples were pretreated and extracted by protein precipitation method with acetonitrile and separated on an Agilent TC‐C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid methanol and 5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution (5 : 95, v/v). All calibration curves were linear (r > 0.9932) with lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) < 12 ng/mL. The mean recoveries of the three analytes were higher than 75%. The pharmacokinetics study indicated that the reduced absorption of ephedrine hydrochloride (EH) and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PEH) in honey‐fried ephedra group might be the main reason for the moderation of the diaphoretic property.
Stochastic versus Deterministic Approach to Coordinated Supply Chain Scheduling
Authors: Sawik Tadeusz
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to consider coordinated selection of supply portfolio and scheduling of production and distribution in supply chains under regional and local disruption risks. Unlike many papers that assume the all‐or‐nothing supply disruption pattern, in this paper, only the regional disruptions belong to the all‐or‐nothing disruption category, while for the local disruptions all disruption levels can be considered. Two biobjective decision‐making models, stochastic, based on the wait‐and‐see approach, and deterministic, based on the expected value approach, are proposed and compared to optimize the trade‐off between expected cost and expected service. The main findings indicate that the stochastic programming wait‐and‐see approach with its ability to handle uncertainty by probabilistic scenarios of disruption events and the much simpler expected value problem, in which the random parameters are replaced by their expected values, lead to similar expected performance of a supply chain under multilevel disruptions. However, the stochastic approach, which accounts for all potential disruption scenarios, leads to a more diversified supply portfolio that will hedge against a variety of scenarios.
Consensus Congestion Control in Multirouter Networks Based on Multiagent System
Authors: Yang Xinhao , Xu Sheng , Li Ze
Published: June 2017

Due to the unbalance distribution of network resources and network traffic, congestion is an inherent property of the Internet. The consensus congestion controller based on the multiagent system theory is designed for the multirouter topology, which improves the performance of the whole networks. Based on the analysis of the causes of congestion, the topology of multirouter networks is modeled based on the graph theory and the network congestion control problem is described as a consensus problem in multiagent systems. Simulation results by MATLAB and Ns2 indicate that the proposed algorithm maintains a high throughput and a low packet drip ratio and improves the quality of the service in the complex network environment.
Schisandrin B Prevents Hind Limb from Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in Rats
Authors: Zhu Ning , Cai Changhong , Zhou Aiming , Zhao Xuyong , Xiang Yijia , Zeng Chunlai
Published: June 2017

Schisandrin B (ScB), isolated from Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), is a traditional Chinese medicine with proven cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. However, it is unclear whether ScB also has beneficial effects on rat hind limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model. In this study, ScB (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) was administered via oral gavage once daily for 5 days before the surgery. After 6 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion of left hind limb, ScB reduced I/R induced histological changes and edema. ScB also suppressed the oxidative stress through decreasing MDA level and increasing SOD activity. Moreover, above changes were associated with downregulated TNF-α mRNA expression and reduced level of IL-1β in plasma. Meanwhile, ScB treatment downregulated activation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB in ischemic skeletal muscle. These results demonstrate that ScB treatment could prevent hind limb I/R skeletal muscle injury possibly by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation via p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB pathways.
An Interval of No‐Arbitrage Prices in Financial Markets with Volatility Uncertainty
Authors: Hu Hanlei , Yin Zheng , Yuan Weipeng
Published: June 2017

In financial markets with volatility uncertainty, we assume that their risks are caused by uncertain volatilities and their assets are effectively allocated in the risk‐free asset and a risky stock, whose price process is supposed to follow a geometric G‐Brownian motion rather than a classical Brownian motion. The concept of arbitrage is used to deal with this complex situation and we consider stock price dynamics with no‐arbitrage opportunities. For general European contingent claims, we deduce the interval of no‐arbitrage price and the clear results are derived in the Markovian case.
Effectiveness of Different Pain Control Methods in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis after Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ming Jin-Lain , Hung Shiao-Pei , Huang Hui-Mei , Tseng Li-Hua , Huang Chiung-Hui , Chen I-Chun , Chen Yu-Ping , Ting Chien-Kun , Tung Chen-Yin
Published: June 2017

The number of patients with knee osteoarthritis has increased in tandem with population aging. Consequently, the number of knee arthroplasties has also risen. The postoperative pain is the biggest challenge faced by patients soon after knee arthroplasty; therefore, this study is among different methods for post-knee arthroplasty pain control. A prospective longitudinal research design was employed; 177 adult patients who proposed for primary knee arthroplasty were enrolled and recruited. The patients were divided into conventional Group 1 (n=120) and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Group 2 (n=57) according to the treatment methods they received. All patients experience the highest pain level on the day of their surgery; women complained of higher pain levels than men did, while the PCA group had lower postoperative pain. Meanwhile, patients with general anesthesia experienced more pain than those with spinal anesthesia in postoperative period. Patients with a higher postoperative pain index have a smaller optimal knee flexion angle. The PCA group had lower postoperative pain; all patients experienced the highest pain level on the day of their surgery. The results of this study could serve as a reference for nurses where PCA ensures a better postoperative pain control and therefore facilitates recovery and improves the quality of nursing.
The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among School Children at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Darge Haile Fentahun , Shibru Getahun , Mulugeta Abiy , Dagnachew Yinebeb Mezgebu
Published: June 2017

Background. Visual impairment and blindness are major public health problems in developing countries where there is no enough health-care service. Objective. To determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children. Materials and Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June 2015 and 30 November 2015 at Arada subcity primary schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Two schools were selected randomly, and 378 students were screened from grades 1 to 8 using systematic random sampling method. Snellen chart was used for visual acuity test. Students who had visual acuity of ≤6/12 were further examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose the reason for low vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 378 students were screened, and 192 (50.8%) were females and the remaining 186 (49.2%) were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VA) of ≤6/12 on either eye was 5.8%, VA < 6/18 on either eye was 1.1%, and VA < 6/18 on the better eye was 0.53%. In this study, color blindness [OR: 19.65, 95% CI (6.01–64.33)] was significantly associated with visual acuity impairment. Conclusion. The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area was 5.8% and school screening is recommended.
Development of an Economical Method to Reduce the Extractable Latex Protein Levels in Finished Dipped Rubber Products
Authors: Perera Ambegoda Liyanage Harini Amalka , Perera Bulathsinhalage Gayani Kanchana
Published: June 2017

Natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy is caused by the extractable latex proteins in dipped rubber products. It is a major concern for the consumers who are sensitive to the allergenic extractable proteins (EP) in products such as NRL gloves. Objective of this research was to develop an economical method to reduce the EP in finished dipped NRL products. In order to reduce the EP levels, two natural proteases, bromelain from pineapple and papain from papaya, were extracted and partially purified using (NH4)2SO4. According to the newly developed method, different glove samples were treated with a 5% solution of each partially purified enzyme, for 2 hours at 60°C. Residual amounts of in treated samples were quantified using the modified Lowry assay (ASTM D5712-10). Bromelain displayed a 54 (±11)% reduction of the EP from the dipped rubber products, whereas it was 58 (±8)% with papain. These results clearly indicate that the selected natural proteases, bromelain, and papain contribute significantly towards the reduction of the total EP in finished NRL products. Application of bromelain enzyme for the aforementioned purpose has not been reported up to date, whereas papain has been used to treat raw NRL towards reducing the EP.
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil Once-a-Day versus Tadalafil On-Demand in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Peng Zhufeng , Yang Lu , Dong Qiang , Wei Qiang , Liu Liangren , Yang Bo
Published: June 2017

Introduction: To compare the efficacy and safety between tadalafil once-a-day and tadalafil on-demand dosing regimen in patients with ED. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared tadalafil used a once-a-day with an on-demand dosing regimen for erectile dysfunction. A secondary hand-search was performed in relevant journals, references, and the grey literature. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.3.0. Results: Six RCTs involving a total of 1,534 patients were included in this review. All studies reported the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain score and the results of the meta-analysis showed no difference between the groups. The overall pooled estimated weighted mean differences (WMD) was 0.97 (95% CI -0.37 to 2.32; p = 0.16). Meta-analyses of Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP-2 and SEP-3) showed that the once-a-day dosing regimen was superior to the on-demand regimen with statistical significance. The WMD of SEP-2 and SEP-3 were 10.32 (95% CI 3.16-17.48; p = 0.005) and 11.07 (95% CI 2.57-19.56; p = 0.01), respectively. Both dosing regimens of tadalafil showed similar complication rates. The meta-analyses of adverse events showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The efficacy rates of tadalafil once-a-day and on-demand were similar. No significant difference in safety was found between the 2 dose regimens of tadalafil.
Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Biomarkers in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Mingao , Xie Rujuan , Jia Xibei , Liu Ruichan
Published: June 2017

Objective: To detect urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) and normal controls, and to examine whether or not urinary VOCs can act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of iMN independent of renal biopsy. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to assess the urine collected from 63 iMN patients and 15 normal controls. The statistical methods of principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed to process the final data in Common Data Format which were converted from GC/MS data. Results: Six VOCs in the urine samples of iMN patients exhibited significant differences from those of normal controls: carbamic acid monoammonium salt, 2-pentanone, 2,4-dimethyl-pentanal, hydrogen azide, thiourea, and 4-heptanone were significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Six urinary VOCs were isolated from patients with iMN using GC/MS. The analysis of urinary VOCs using GC/MS could be developed into a non-invasive method for the detection of iMN.
РОЛЬ ПЕРВИННОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ НА ГЕМОКОНТАКТНІ ІНФЕКЦІЇ (ВІЛ-ІНФЕКЦІЯ ТА ГЕПАТИТИ В і С)
Authors: Holubovska O. A. , Vysotska O. I. , Bezrodna O. V.
Published: June 2017

Проаналізовано існуючі проблеми надання медичної допомоги хворим на ВІЛ-інфекцію та гемоконтактні вірусні гепатити в Україні. Показані роль первинної медичної допомоги у веденні пацієнтів даної категорії, основні завдання, які стоять перед сімейними лікарями. Також відзначені досягнуті успіхи в реалізації державної програми лікування хронічних вірусних гепатитів, розширенні доступу пацієнтів до отримання специфічної противірусної терапії.
УКУСИ ГРИЗУНАМИ І РОЗВИТОК ЛЕПТОСПІРОЗУ
Authors: Vasylieva N. A. , Hodovana N. I. , Kravchuk Yu. A.
Published: June 2017

Тернопільська область є ендемічною щодо лептоспірозу. Основним резервуаром його збудника в природі є мишоподібні гризуни. Останнім часом значно почастішали випадки покусів гризунами людей - від 0,7 % (в анамнезі госпіталізованих з приводу лептоспірозу хворих у 1972-2011 рр.) до 7,5 % (у 2012-2016 рр.).Мета роботи – встановити можливість і частоту виникнення лептоспірозу у людей після укусів мишоподібними гризунами.Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано матеріали епідеміологічного розслідування та клінічного спостереження 83 осіб після укусів мишоподібними гризунами.Результати досліджень. У 7 (18,9 %) пацієнтів розвинувся лептоспіроз, що підтверджено результатами лабораторного обстеження. Заселеність гризунами осередків, де мали місце випадки укусів людей мишоподібними гризунами, склала 33,7 %, інфікованість відловлених гризунів - від 17,6 до 33,3 %. Висновок. Результати проведеного дослідження диктують необхідність медичного спостереження за пацієнтами після укусів гризунами з метою своєчасної діагностики лептоспірозу та адекватної лікувальної тактики.
Оцінка стоматологічного здоров’я у суб’єктивному визначенні дітей із надмірною масою тіла
Authors: Kostura V. L. , Bezvushko E. V.
Published: June 2017

Evaluation of the dental status of children with overweight showed that carious lesions of teeth and periodontal disease occur more often compared to healthy children.The aim of the study – to determine the factors and indicators of the risk of carious disease and periodontal disease in overweight children and adolescents.Materials and Methods. In the analytical epidemiology, the EGOHID-2005 system was used. Two key age groups of 100 schoolchildren in each of 12 and 15 years old were studied in Lviv.Results and Discussion. The main factors, that determine the different intensity of carious disease and periodontal tissue diseases, were differences in the children's compliance with the recommended regime of tooth brushing, the use of fluorine-containing toothpastes and frequent consumption of sugary foods and beverages.Conclusions. The system of European indicators of dental health EGOHID is quite informative in identifying risk factors for bleeding gums and dental caries in overweight children and adolescents.
Стан стоматологічної захворюваності у провідників пасажирських вагонів чернівецького вузла львівської залізниці
Authors: Kitsak T. S. , Mandziuk T. B.
Published: June 2017

The  study aimed at identifying health leaders peculiarities forming carriages under the influence of factors of production for the purpose of scientific justification of low-cost and effective recovery measures are important because prolonged exposure to harmful factors on the health worsens and leads to various diseases, which adversely affects the workers to perform their duties.The aim of the study – to examine the state of dental hard tissues, to assess the intensity and peculiarities of clinical manifestations of both carious process and non-carious affects of dental hard tissues among the passenger car attendants of Chernivtsi station.Materials and Methods. To solve the tasks we examined 52 people, including 30 passenger car attendants of Chernivtsi station (treatment group) and 22 employees not exposed to harmful factors (experimental group). All patients were divided into four age groups and examined according to recommendations of World Health Organization on dental examination. Teeth assessment was conducted according to CFE (caries, filled, extracted) index.Results and Discussion. The degree of caries expansion among the passenger car attendants is 100 % in all age groups, the number affected teeth with caries depending on the length of service and age ranges from 20.0 to 25.97. Only half of teeth affected by caries is treated. Depending on the age from 12 % to 53 % of teeth are extracted.Conclusions. We recommend to restore the programs of dental diseases prevention that would include dental education of the employees, learning the rules of sensible nutrition, learning the rules of the mouth cavity hygienic care, secondary prevention (planned oral cavity sanation), dispensary observation.
Лікування гнильної флегмони шиї, ускладненої медіастинітом, у хворого з гіпоергічною імунною відповіддю
Authors: Suleimanova V. G. , Shaprynskyi V. O. , Kryvetsky V. F. , Nageeb N. Z. , Hmelevska Т. А.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: описати правильний метод лікування пацієнтів із гнильною флегмоною шиї, ускладненою медіастинітом, на прикладі випадку успішного лікування хворого з ускладненим шийним некротизуючим фасциїтом та гіпоергічною імунною відповіддю.Гнильна флегмона шиї, ускладнена медіастинітом, – досить рідкісне захворювання з високим рівнем летальності (40–85 %). У статті представлено випадок успішного лікування хворого з ускладненим шийним некротизуючим фасціїтом та гіпоергічною імунною відповіддю на фоні ревматоїдного артриту, тривалий час лікованого глюкокортикостероїдами. Раннє хірургічне втручання з максимально широким розкриттям і наскрізним дренуванням всіх уражених клітковинних просторів з адекватною антибактеріальною терапією є єдиним правильним методом лікування таких пацієнтів.
Особливості кореляції рівня функції та спастичності паретичної кінцівки за різних видів тканинної нейротрансплантації на моделі спінальної травми
Authors: Medvediev V. V.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: дослідити кореляцію рівня спастичності та функції паретичної кінцівки за різних видів тканинної нейротрансплантації на моделі спінальної травми.Матеріали і методи. Тварини – білі безпородні щури-самці (5,5 міс, ~350 г), групи: “контроль” – лівобічний перетин половини поперечника спинного мозку на рівні Т11 (n=16), “ТТНЦ” – аналогічна травма + негайна трансплантація тканини нюхової цибулини зрілого щура в зону ураження спинного мозку (n=34); “ТТФМ” – трансплантація тканини фетального мозочка щура (Е18) за аналогічних умов (n=15); “ТТФН” — трансплантація тканини фетальної нирки щура (Е18) за аналогічних умов (n=8). Дослідження показника функції (ПФ) та показника спастичності (ПС) задньої іпсилатеральної кінцівки (ЗІК) – шкала Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (ВВВ) та шкала Ashworth відповідно.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. ТТНЦ забезпечує достовірну перевагу ПФ ЗІК із максимумом на 3-му тижні (3,7±0,5 бала ВВВ) з подальшим поступовим зменшенням до (2,4±0,6) бала ВВВ (24-й тиждень), зменшує вираження спастичності у ранньому періоді травми. ТТФМ перетворює динаміку ПФ ЗІК з прогредієнтної у константну з коливаннями ПФ ЗІК у межах 3–3,6 бала ВВВ протягом усього експерименту, достовірно підвищує рівень спастичності протягом 1–3-го тижня, у подальшому стабілізує ПС ЗІК на рівні 1,8–2,1 бала Ashworth. ТТФН зумовлює наявність прогредієнтної (1-й місяць) та прогредієнтно-константної (6–24-й тиждень) фаз динаміки ПФ ЗІК, достовірно потенціюючи спастичність протягом перших двох тижнів процесу. У динаміці спостереження характерна відсутність кореляції між середніми значеннями ПФ та ПС ЗІК для групи “ТТФМ”, слабка додатна кореляція для групи “контроль”, помірна додатна кореляція для групи “ТТФН”, сильна від’ємна кореляція для групи “ТТНЦ”. Кореляційний аналіз індивідуальних значень ПФ та ПС ЗІК впродовж експерименту та на кожному з термінів спостереження свідчить про переважання від’ємної кореляції між ними.Висновок. Варіативність кореляції між ПФ та ПС ЗІК свідчить про суттєві відмінності широти охоплення супраспінальними впливами популяції мотонейронів ЗІК, їхнього виживання впродовж експерименту за різних видів нейротрансплантації.
Експерементальне дослідження ефективності використання бар’єрного методу профілактики спайкового процесу в черевній порожнині
Authors: Bukata V. V.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: визначити ефективність застосування препарату «Дефенсаль» для профілактики утворення спайок в умовах експерименту.Матеріали в методи:  досліджено 84 лабораторних статевозрілих білих щурів-самців масою 172-180 г, які були розділені на 8 груп. 1-а група нараховувала 6 дослідних тварин, які знаходилися у звичайних умовах віварію; 2 –га  — 6 щурів, яким виконували лапаротомію; 3-я, 4-а та 5-та групи – це по 12 експериментальних тварин із змодельованою спайковою хворобою, яким здійснювали евтаназію на 4-ту, 10-ту та 30-ту добу захворювання відповідно; 6-та, 7-ма та 8-ма групи –  це по 12 дослідницьких щурів із змодельованою спайковою хворобою, з застосуванням дефенсалю,  яким здійснювали евтаназію на 4-ту, 10-ту та 30-ту добу від початку експерименту відповідно.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення:  застосовано комплекс морфологічних методів (макроскопія, гістологія, морфометрія) в динаміці розвитку спайкового процесу. Проведені дослідження та отримані результати свідчать, що препарат «Дефенсаль» позитивно впливав на перебіг експериментальної спайкової хвороби. При корекції останньої вказаним медикаментозним середником у черевній порожнині дослідних тварин суттєво зменшувалася кількість спайок, як пристінково-нутрощевих так і нутрощево-нутрощевих, переважна більшість їх була ниткоподібної форми, рихла, мали тенденцію до зниження товщини в динаміці захворювання, легко роз'єднувалися та не деформували порожнисті органи травної системи і не впливали на їх функцію. В цих спайках рідко спостерігалися судини та нервові елементи. Отримані дані підтверджують ефективність застосування препарату «Дефенсаль», як бар’єрного методу профілактики спайкоутворення, що дає змогу з впевненістю використовувати запропонований засіб у клінічній практиці.
Новий безпечний спосіб введення першого (оптичного) порту при виконанні симультанних комбінованих операцій при поєднанні симптомної жовчнокам’яної хвороби та лівобічної пахової грижі
Authors: Panchyshyn B. V.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи:  описати новий безпечний  спосіб введення першого (оптичного) порту при виконанні симультанних операцій з приводу жовчнокам’яної хвороби (ЖКХ) та лівобічної пахової грижі.Суть методу полягає  у виконанні комбінованого операційного втручання, яке розпочинається з  герніотомії пахової грижі, виділення грижового мішка. Наступним етапом операції є введення в черевну порожнину першого (оптичного) троакара через мішок грижі. Останній зав’язується лігатурою на оптичному порті для герметизації черевної порожнини та накладанням пневмоперитонеуму. Лапароскопічна холецистектомія виконується після введення 2–4-го портів у типових точках. Жовчний міхур видаляться через мішок пахової грижі. Після резекції мішка проводиться герніопластика. Вказаний спосіб дозволяє абсолютно безпечно накласти  пневмоперитонеум, видалити жовчний міхур без розширення розрізу навіть при великих розмірах жовчних конкрементів та значно скоротити час виконання двох одночасних операцій.
Удосконалений метод ненатяжної герніоалопластики при пахвинних грижах
Authors: Kurbaniyazov Z. B. , Davlatov S. S. , Rakhmanov K. E. , Igamberdiev A. A.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: оптимізація ненатяжної герніопластики при пахвинних грижах, шляхом впровадження нового способу алопластики.Матеріали і методи. В досілідження включено результати хірургічного лікування 47 пацієнтів. Хворих було поділено на дві групи: до першої групи контролю віднесено 33 (70,2 %) герніоалопластики, виконані рутинним способом Ліхтенштейна. У 14 (29,8 %) спостереженнях було застосовано розроблений нами оригінальний спосіб алопластики пахвинних гриж, і ці випадки було об’єднано у другу основну групу.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати проведеного операційного лікування відслідковувалися від 12 місяців до 3 років у 25 хворих групи контролю та у всіх пацієнтів основної групи. В основній групі у віддаленому періоді не спостерігали рецидивів захворювання. У групі контрольного порівняння у 1 пацієнта з доброякісною гіперплазією передміхурової залози відзначено рецидив. Представлена техніка реконструкції пахвинного каналу, спрямована на зниження травматичності та зменшення тривалості операційного втручання, може використовуватися для широкої практики.
Дуплексне сканування нетипових форм прогресуючої варикозної хвороби підшкірних вен у вагітних (зовнішніх статевих органів, промежини)
Authors: Antonyuk-Kysil V. М. , Yenikeeva V. М. , Lichner S. І. , Lypnyy V. М. , Semenyuk М. V.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: вивчити, використовуючи дані дуплексного сканування, джерела та варіанти прогресуючої варикозної хвороби підшкірних вен промежини, зовнішніх статевих органів під час вагітності.Матеріали і методи. Обстежено згідно з розробленим нами протоколом 768 (93,03 %) пацієнток із 825 вагітних з варикозною хворобою нижніх кінцівок, промежини, зовнішніх статевих органів, пахового каналу, які народжували в обласному перинатальному центрі з початку 2013 до 2016 р. включно.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Основним доступним на даний час, динамічним, інформативним, малотравматичним для вагітних і плода методом обтяження венозної системи таза, промежини і нижніх кінцівок, паху при прогресуючому варикозному розширені вен у цих ділянках є дуплексне сканування. Дуплексне сканування проводили для вивчення анатомії венозної системи прогресуючої варикозної хвороби вищеперерахованих ділянок із плануванням доцільності та по можливості безпечної хірургічної корекції даної патології з визначенням об’єму операційного втручання під час вагітності. Одним із етапів дуплексного сканування є виявлення зон із патологічним рефлюксом, визначених нами як “вузлові ділянки” венозної системи, які, за нашими даними, в більшості випадків є пусковим механізмом розвитку і причиною прогресування варикозного розширення підшкірних вен вищеперерахованих ділянок.
Порівняльна оцінка ефективності інтервенційного методу лікування хворих на інфаркт міокарда за даними тернопільської області.
Authors: Terenda N. O. , Petrashyk Yu. M.
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: визначити медичну ефективність проведення СКА у хворих на ІМ.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано дані з медичних карт стаціонарного хворого 267 пацієнтів з ІМ, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні в Тернопільській комунальній міській лікарні (ТКМЛ) № 2. Використано методи: викопіювання даних, статистичний, аналітичний.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. З листопада 2011 р. у ТКМЛ № 2 було створено службу рентгеноендоваскулярної хірургії та інтервенційної кардіології на базі кардіологічного та хірургічного відділень. З вересня 2015 р. функціонує відділення серцево-судинної та рентгеноендоваскулярної хірургії з рентгенопераційним блоком на 10 ліжок. У відділенні успішно проводять операційні втручання з приводу тяжких уражень серця та судин (табл. 1).
ОБРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ АДАПТИВНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Mintser O. P.
Published: June 2017

The possibility of significant increase in the quality of learning in postgraduate medical education by directed reorder of knowledge modules, its size and shape of educational material supply, etc. complementary to the knowledge of the student is investigated. The modular platform training in postgraduate medical education is proposed.
ПРОБЛЕМИ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВИХ АКТІВ ЩОДО ЗАХИСТУ ПРАВ ЛІКАРІВ І ПАЦІЄНТІВ
Authors: Myronenko N. V.
Published: June 2017

It is marked that the problem of protecting the rights of doctors and patients studied not enough. It is emphasized that today in Ukraine remains an imbalance between the protection doctors' and patients' rights. In the market are quite common legal services to protect rights of patients and almost no protected rights of medical workers. At the same time it is emphasizes that the quality of care can be determined only by ensuring constant peer review process of providing, with this relevant criteria. In conclusion it is suggests that in terms of the goal of legislative regulation and application of the rules of legal technique, seems appropriate amendments to the Law of Ukraine «Bases of the legislation of Ukraine on health care», which would provide a comprehensive solution to the problem of patient and health care worker legal status determination.