bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of unilateral and bilateral cleft alveolus on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning system
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Ariji Yoshiko , Kise Yoshitaka , Fukuda Motoki , Ota Jun , Ohara Hisanobu , kojima Norinaga , Ariji Eiichiro
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to create an effective deep learning (DL) model for detecting cleft alveolus (CA), including bilateral CA (BCA), on panoramic radiographs by comparing the detection performance of a DL model based on unilateral CA (UCA) and normal data with a model developed by combining UCA, BCA and normal data. We created two models using DetectNet. Model A was created using only UCA and normal images, and Model B was created using UCA, BCA and normal images. The performance of Models A and B was evaluated with the same testing data, and compared with two human observers. The total detection sensitivities were 0.55, 0.85, and 0.86 for Model A, Model B, and human observers, respectively. The ratios of detected and undetected CAs were significantly different among these three evaluators (p < 0.001). Regarding the UCA group, no significant differences were found in the ratio of those between Models A and B (p = 0.248). However, in the BCA group, the ratios were significantly different between the models (p < 0.001). The DL model created with the data including the BCA (Model B) achieved high detection performance for the testing data of both the UCA and BCA.
Accelerated Lower Leg Fracture Healing in Traumatic Brain Injury in Accordance With Increased Hematoma Formation
Authors: Shim Dong Woo , Hong Hyunjoo , Cho Kwang-Chun , Kim Se Hwa , Lee Jin Woo , Sung Seung-Yong
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has been known to accelerate bone healing. Many cells and molecules have been investigated but the exact mechanism is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of TBI on fracture healing regarding accelerated hematoma formation.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated patients who were surgically treated for lower leg fractures and who showed secondary bone healing. Patients with and without TBI were divided for comparative analyses. Radiological parameters were time to bridging callus formation and the largest callus ratio during follow-up. Preoperative levels of complete blood count and chemical battery within 3 days from trauma were measured in all patients. Subgroup division regarding age, gender, open fracture, concomitant fracture and severity of TBI were compared.ResultsWe included 48 patients with a mean age of 44.9 (range, 17 – 78), of whom 35 patients (72.9%) were male. There were 12 patients with TBI (Group 1) and 36 patients without TBI (Group 2). Group 1 showed shorter time to callus formation (P < 0.001), thicker callus ratio (P = 0.015), leukocytosis and lymphocytosis (P ≤ 0.028), and lower red blood cell counts (RBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit (P < 0.001). Aging and severity of TBI were correlated with time to callus formation and callus ratio (P ≤ 0.003) while gender, open fracture, and concomitant fracture were unremarkable.ConclusionLower leg fractures with TBI showed accelerated bone healing and superior measurements associated with hematoma formation (lymphocytes, RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit). Promoted fracture healing in TBI was correlated with the enhanced proinflammatory state.Level of Evidence: Case control study; III
A High-Sensitivity Analysis Method Of Furanocoumarins In Radix Angelicae Dahuricae By Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Detection
Authors: Lee Min-Ji , Hong Seon-Pyo
Published: October 2021

Radix Angelicae Dahuricae is a traditional Chinese medicine. We developed a high-sensitivity method for detection of furanocoumarins in Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT). The six furanocoumarins of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae were sonication-extracted from 50% ethanol for 60 min. Six furanocoumarins were separated through a gradient elution system. The limits of detection of the components were 0.002–0.3 ng (0.2–30 ng/mL). The coefficients of determination were 0.9995–1.0000, all inter-day and intra-day precision values were < 4.9%, and the mean recoveries and relative standard deviations were 96.4%–104.5% and 0.5%–4.8% for Radix Angelicae Dahuricae extract, respectively. Our method does not require any pretreatment steps and exhibits good reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity. Therefore, our method will contribute to a Radix Angelicae Dahuricae quality control measure.
Genotypic Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Eyes with Keratitis and Healthy Conjunctival Sacs
Authors: Ma Xiubin , Liu Qing , Song Fangying , Huang Yusen
Published: October 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) was a second most common commensal bacterium in healthy conjunctival sacs. When the corneal epithelial barrier is damaged, P. aeruginosa could cause keratitis, which progresses rapidly and results in corneal perforation and the loss of vision. However, the similarities and differences in characteristics between P. aeruginosa isolates from the eyes with keratitis and those from healthy conjunctival sacs are still poorly understood. In this study, four P. aeruginosa isolates from eyes with keratitis and three P. aeruginosa isolates from healthy conjunctival sacs were obtained, and genotypically characterized using Illumina high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found and included 332 upregulated genes and 225 downregulated genes in the keratitis group versus the healthy conjunctival sacs group. Of 557 DEGs, 11 DEGs analyzed with GO enrichment and the KEGG pathway were involved with the bacterial secretion system and pyoverdine metabolism and validated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. P. aeruginosa from eyes with keratitis induced more severe corneal infection and higher clinical scores in the mice. These results will contribute to develop alternative therapeutic interventions targeting virulence factors in these DEGs and facilitate the selection of therapeutic strategies.
The Dynamic Changes of HBV Quasispecies Diversity in Infancy after Immunoprophylaxis Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yi , Xiao Yiwei , Li Lili , Song Yarong , Zhai Xiangjun , Liu Jianxun , Duan Zhongping , Yan Ling , Ding Feng , Liu Jia , Zhu Liguo , Jiang Jie , Zou Huaibin , Li Lingxiang , Liang Caihong , Wang Jie , Li Jie
Published: October 2021

Background: Previous works have observed that younger infants with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are more responsive to antiviral treatment. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the dynamic changes of HBV quasispecies in infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were investigated to provide virological explanations for clinical management on infantile antiviral therapy.Methods: Thirteen 7-month-old infants with immunoprophylaxis failure and their mothers were enrolled from a prospective cohort, and 8 of them were followed up to 3 years old. The sequences of HBV quasispecies were analyzed by the full-length genome clone-based sequencing, and compared among mothers and their infants at different ages.Results: The results revealed that the complexity, mutation frequency and genetic distance of HBV quasispecies decreased significantly at full-length, partial open reading frames and regulatory regions of HBV genome at nucleotide level in 7-month-old infants comparing with their mothers, whereas increased significantly to near the maternal level when infants grew up to 3 years old. Furthermore, similar changes were also found in Core, PreS2, RT and P regions of HBV genome at amino acid level, especially for potential NAs-resistant mutants in RT region and immune-escape mutants in Core and PreS2 regions.Conclusions: This study uncovered the evolution of HBV quasispecies in infancy after mother-to-child transmission, which may provide the virological evidence for explaning that younger children are more responsive to antiviral therapy.
First Case Report of Cholesterol Granuloma of Femur
Authors: Hao Shenshen , Dong Shengli , Li Hongke , Li Shuaizhi , Ren Huihui , Luo Xiaohui , Liu Shuai , Chen Honglei , Zhang Zhifang , Zhang Fangshu
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is a special type of granulation tissue reaction. It is a very rare benign lesion with swelling growth, in which there are a large number of cholesterol crystals and foreign body giant cells. A small amount of literature reports that it occurred in the middle ear or mastoid area. There has been no report of CG of the femur.Methods: A 74-year-old woman suffered from pain and discomfort in the upper right knee for 10 years, which aggravated for 10 days. He was diagnosed with CG of the right femur in our hospital, and was treated with surgery. Results: During the operation, a large amount of yellow-brown oily crystal structure was found, and the pathology after the operation was confirmed as CG. The postoperative follow-up was 3 months, and the treatment effect was satisfactory.Conclusion: CG of the femur is an extremely rare benign lesion, and there is no relevant report. Surgical treatment can remove the diseased tissue and provide effective treatment results.
There exists high ratio of, and significant overlap between, suspected dementia and suspected depression among elderly outpatients
Authors: Lee Yao-Tung , Tsai Chia-Fen , Lin Yen-Kuang , Shen Cheng-Che , Huang Li-Kai , Chi Mei-Ju , Lee Hsin-Chien
Published: October 2021

Background
Dementia and depression have emerged as two of the major mental health concerns for elderly people, which are likely to substantially affect public health in the coming decades. Both dementia and geriatric depression are associated with increased morbidity, health care utilization, and mortality. Early detection and treatment initiation are some of the best strategies to minimize the ill effects of dementia and depression on the elderly people. To this end, large-scale screening may be the first step.
Methods
Screening of individuals ≥65 years old was conducted in the outpatient department of a university hospital. Ascertainment of dementia 8 (AD8) and five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) were used to screen for cognitive decline and depression, respectively.
Findings:
In total, 3079 elderly people completed both AD8 and BSRS-5. Patients tested positive for cognitive impairment and depression were 28.2% and 15%, respectively. However, 7% were tested positive by both AD8 and BSRS-5 and with statistical significance.
Interpretation:
The high ratio of suspected dementia and suspected depression suggested the needs and cost-effect of screening among the elderly outpatients. However, the statistically significant overlap implied potential bias when screening only one condition. Future screening program of geriatric mental health needs to consider this.
Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Guangdong Yellow-feathered Indigenous Chicken
Authors: Xu Yibin , Lijin Guo , Huang Yulin , Zhang Siyu , Zhang Xiquan , Nie Qinghua
Published: October 2021

Background: The yellow-feathered broiler has great nutritional value and a huge industrial scale as a traditional broiler in China. The intestinal microbes have been shown to correlate with poult performance, and serve as an essential reservoir of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), and antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern. We investigated the functional characteristics of the six different breeds of yellow-feathered broiler’s (Huiyang Bearded chicken, Xinghua chicken, Huaixiang chicken, Zhongshan Shalan chicken, Qingyuan Patridge chicken, Yangshan chicken) gut microbiome through metagenomics sequencing, to investigate the functions and ARGs in the intestinal microbial communities.Results: The results found that microbial populations of yellow-feathered broilers were mainly dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at phylum level and Bacteroides at genus level, and the qingyuanPatridge chicken had a significantly higher level of Prevotella genus than the other five breeds of chicken. PCoA analysis indicated significant differences in the structures of the microbial communities and ARGs based on binary-jaccard distance (analysis of similarities ANOSIM R=0.747, P=0.001 and R=0.525, P=0.001, respectively) among the six breeds of chicken. Analyses using KEGG, eggNOG, and CAZy databases indicated that the pathways of metabolism, genetic information processing and glucoside hydrolase were significantly enriched in the yellow-feathered broilers. We also identified 989 ARGs and mainly composed of ARGs that confer tetracycline, multidrug and aminoglycoside represented more than 80% of the fecal resistomes, and then the tet(Q) gene is the most abundant in yellow-feathered chickens. In addition, we found a greater abundance of resistance genes detected in the Xinghua chicken.Conclusions: Our study presents a metagenomic resource of indigenous chicken cecum microbiomes from six breeds of yellow-feathered broiler. It demonstrates the measure of metagenomic method for annotating microbial taxonomy and functional abundance. With the help of metagenomic, we have shown the difference in the gut microbial community structure of indigenous broiler breeds, and their potential to ARGs and antibiotic resistance. Xinghua chicken has great resistance to antibiotics. Overall, the current data provides a significant improvement to our knowledge and study of the gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance, especially in the indigenous yellow-feathered Chinese chicken.
Comparison of fluid dynamics changes due to physical activity in 3D printed patient specific coronary phantoms with the Windkessel equivalent model of coronary flow
Authors: Sommer Kelsey N , Bhurwani Mohammad Mahdi Shiraz , Iyer Vijay , Ionita Ciprian N
Published: October 2021

Background3D printing (3DP) used to replicate the geometry of normal and abnormal vascular pathologies has been demonstrated in many publications; however, reproduction of hemodynamic changes due to physical activities, such as rest versus moderate exercise, need to be investigated. We developed a new design for patient specific coronary phantoms, which allow adjustable physiological variables such as coronary distal resistance and coronary compliance in patients with coronary artery disease. The new design was tested in precise benchtop experiments and compared with a theoretical Windkessel electrical circuit equivalent, that models coronary flow and pressure using arterial resistance and compliance. MethodsFive phantoms from patients who underwent clinically indicated elective invasive coronary angiography were built from CCTA scans using multi-material 3D printing. Each phantom was used in a controlled flow system where patient specific flow conditions were simulated by a programmable cardiac pump. To simulate the arteriole and capillary beds flow resistance and the compliance for various physical activities, we designed a three-chamber outlet system which controls the outflow dynamics of each coronary tree. Benchtop pressure measurements were recorded using sensors embedded in each of the main coronary arteries. Using the Windkessel model, patient specific flow equivalent electrical circuit models were designed for each coronary tree branch, and flow in each artery was determined for known inflow conditions. Local flow resistances were calculated through Poiseuille’s Law derived from the radii and lengths of the coronary arteries using CT angiography based multi-planar reconstructions. The coronary stenosis flow rates from the benchtop and the electrical models were compared to the localized flow rates calculated from invasive pressure measurements recorded in the angio-suites. ResultsThe average Pearson correlations of the localized flow rates at the location of the stenosis between each of the models (Benchtop/Electrical, Benchtop/Angio, Electrical/Angio) are 0.970, 0.981, and 0.958 respectively. Conclusions3D printed coronary phantoms can be used to replicate the human arterial anatomy as well as blood flow conditions. It displays high levels of correlation when compared to hemodynamics calculated in electrically-equivalent coronary Windkessel models as well as invasive angio-suite pressure measurements.
Low-dose dobutamine stress gated blood pool SPECT assessment of left ventricular contractile reserve in ischemic cardiomyopathy: a feasibility study
Authors: Shipulin Vladimir V. , Andreev Sergey L. , Pryakhin Andrew S. , Mochula Andrew V. , Maltceva Alina N. , Sazonova Svetlana I. , Shipulin Vladimir M. , Massalha Samia , Zavadovsky Konstantin V
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of present study was to assess the feasibility of GBPS with low-dose dobutamine (LDD) stress test, performed on a SPECT camera equipped with Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) solid state detectors in evaluation of patients with ischemic heart failure (HF).Methods. A total of 52 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and a control group of 10 patients without obstructive coronary artery lesion underwent GBPS and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at rest and during LDD stress test (5, 10, 15 µg/kg/min). The duration of each GBPS step was 5 minutes. Stress-induced changes (∆) in LV ejection fraction (LVEF), peak ejection rate, LV volumes and dyssynchrony (phase histogram standard deviation, phase histogram bandwidth and entropy) obtained with GBPS were estimated. Results. All GBPS indices except end-diastolic volume showed significant dynamics during stress test in both groups. 17% of ICM patients, but none from control group, showed a decrease in EF during stress, accompanied by a significant increase in entropy. The inter-rater reproducibility was excellent for both rest and stress studies. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.5, p=0.01) between GBPS and TTE, with a mean difference value of -1.7 (95% confidence interval -9.8; 6.4; p=0.06) in ΔLVEF. Conclusion. Low-dose dobutamine stress gated blood pool SPECT performed with high-efficiency CZT-SPECT cameras allow evaluation of stress-induced changes in LV contractility and dyssynchrony in patients with ischemic HF. The high sensitivity of the semiconductor detectors provides an opportunity to perform GBPS with lower acquisition time and a decrease in patient radiation exposure. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04508608 (August 7, 2020)
Wear Performance of The Zirconia Toughened Alumina Added With TiO2 and Cr2O3 Ceramic Cutting Tool
Authors: Mudzaffar Raqibah Najwa , Bahauddin Mohamad Faiz Izzat , Manshor Hanisah , Azhar Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad , Rejab Nik Akmar , Ali Afifah Mohd.
Published: October 2021

The zirconia toughened alumina enhanced with titania and chromia (ZTA-TiO2-Cr2O3) ceramic cutting tool is a new cutting tool that possesses good hardness and fracture toughness. However, the performance of the ZTA-TiO2-Cr2O3 cutting tool continues to remain unknown and therefore requires further study. In this research, the wearing of the ZTA-TiO2-Cr2O3 cutting tool and the surface roughness of the machined surface of stainless steel 316L was investigated. The experiments were conducted where the cutting speeds range between 314 to 455 m/min, a feed rate from 0.1 to 0.15 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 0.2 mm. A CNC lathe machine was utilised to conduct the turning operation for the experiment. Additionally, analysis of the flank wear and crater wear was undertaken using an optical microscope, while the chipping area was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness of the machined surface was measured via portable surface roughness. The lowest value of flank wear, crater wear and surface roughness obtained are 0.044 mm, 0.45 mm2, and 0.50 µm, respectively at the highest cutting speed of 455 m/min and the highest feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev. The chipping area became smaller with the increase of feed rate from 0.10 to 0.15 mm/rev and larger when the feed rate decrease. This was due to the reduced vibrations at the higher spindle speed resulting in a more stable cutting operation, thereby reducing the value of tool wear, surface roughness, and the chipping area.
Evaluating The Protective Effect of Calcium Carbonate Coating On Sandstone Cultural Heritage
Authors: Wen Yaping , Shu Hui , Qing Huoliang , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this work is to use different surfactants to deposit different crystal forms of calcium carbonate film on the surface of sandstone through a simple double replacement reaction. The protective effect of calcium carbonate coatings was evaluated through water absorption, water vapor permeability and weather resistance tests. The results show that the stone treated with vaterite calcium carbonate has excellent water absorption and permeability. Compared with untreated stone, the water absorption rate is reduced by 0.5 times, and the weather resistance is increased by 4 times, effectively hindering the erosion of water and soluble salts. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone cultural heritage.
Alterations in Metal Homeostasis Occur Prior to Canonical Markers in Huntington Disease
Authors: Pfalzer Anna C , Yan Yan , Kang Hakmook , Totten Melissa , Silverman James , Bowman Aaron B , Erikson Keith , Claassen Daniel O
Published: October 2021

Objective: The importance of metal biology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntingtin Disease is well documented with evidence of direct interactions between metals such as copper, zinc, iron and manganese and mutant Huntingtin pathobiology. To date, it is unclear whether these interactions are observed in humans, how this impacts other metals, and how mutant Huntington alters homeostatic mechanisms governing levels of copper, zinc, iron and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HD patients.Methods: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from control, pre-manifest, manifest and late manifest HD participants were collected as part of HD-Clarity. Levels of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma copper, zinc, iron and manganese were measured as well as levels of mutant Huntingtin and neurofilament in a sub-set of cerebrospinal fluid samples.Results: We find that elevations in cerebrospinal fluid copper, manganese and zinc levels are altered early in disease prior to alterations in canonical biomarkers of HD although these changes are not present in plasma. We also evidence that CSF iron is elevated in manifest patients. The relationships between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid metal are altered based on disease stage.Interpretation: These findings demonstrate that there are alterations in metal biology selectively in the CSF which occur prior to changes in known canonical biomarkers of disease. Our work indicates that there are pathological changes related to alterations in metal biology in individuals without elevations in neurofilament and mutant Huntingtin.
3D Chromatin Remodeling Potentiates Transcriptional Programs Driving Cell Invasion
Authors: Lebeau Benjamin , Jangal Maika , Zhao Tiejun , Wong Cheng Kit , Wong Nolan , Canedo Eduardo Cepeda , Hebert Steven , Aguilar-Mahecha Adriana , Chabot Catherine , Buchanan Marguerite , Catterall Rachel , McCaffrey Luke , Deblois Genevieve , Kleiman Claudia , Park Morag , Basik Mark , Witcher Michael
Published: October 2021

The contribution of deregulated chromatin architecture, including topologically associated domains (TADS), to cancer progression remains ambiguous. CTCF is a central regulator of higher-order chromatin structure that undergoes copy number loss in over half of all breast cancers, but the impact of this defect on epigenetic programming and chromatin architecture remains unclear. We find that under physiological conditions, CTCF organizes sub-TADs to limit the expression of oncogenic pathways, including PI3K and cell adhesion networks. Loss of a single CTCF allele potentiates cell invasion through compromised chromatin insulation and a reorganization of chromatin architecture and histone programming that facilitates de novo promoter-enhancer contacts. However, this change in the higher-order chromatin landscape leads to a vulnerability to inhibitors of mTOR. These data support a model whereby sub-TAD reorganization drives both the modification of histones at de novo enhancer promoter-contacts and transcriptional upregulation of oncogenic transcriptional networks.
Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Fluorine and Cyano Substituents on Photovoltaic Properties of Two-Dimensional Quinoxaline-Based Polymers
Authors: Lee Seok Woo , Hussain MD Waseem , Shome Sanchari , Ha Su Ryong , Oh Jae Taek , Whang Dong Ryeol , Kim Yunseul , Kim Dong-Yu , Choi Hyosung , Chang Dong Wook
Published: October 2021

In this study, strong electron-withdrawing fluorine (F) and cyano (CN) substituents are selectively incorporated into the quinoxaline unit of two-dimensional (2D) D–A-type polymers to investigate their effects on the photovoltaic properties of the polymers. To construct the 2D polymeric structure, electron-donating benzodithiophene and methoxy-substituted triphenylamine are directly linked to the horizontal and vertical directions of the quinoxaline acceptor, respectively. After analyzing the structural, optical, and electrochemical properties of the resultant F- and CN-substituted polymers, labeled as PBCl-MTQF and PBCl-MTQCN, respectively, inverted-type polymer solar cells with a non-fullerene Y6 acceptor are fabricated to investigate the photovoltaic performances of the polymers. It is discovered that the maximum power conversion efficiency of PBCl-MTQF is 7.48%, whereas that of PBCl-MTQCN is limited to 3.10%. This significantly reduced PCE of the device based on PBCl-MTQCN is ascribed to the formation of irregular, large aggregates in the active layer, which can readily aggravate the charge recombination and charge transport kinetics of the device. Therefore, the photovoltaic performance of 2D quinoxaline-based D–A-type polymers is significantly affected by the type of electron-withdrawing substituent.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Hargeisa Group Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland
Authors: Ali Abdikhaliq Hussein , Reda Dawit Yihdego , Ormago Moges Desta
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Hargeisa, Somaliland. A cross-sectional study was conducted at HGH, Hargeisa, Somaliland and participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 422 participants and cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined for the isolates. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify the independent risk factors for UTI The prevalence of UTI was 16.4 % (95% CI: 13.3–19.9). The predominant bacteria isolate was E. coli (43.5%). Gram negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (71.4%) and Gram-positive bacteria were also resistant to ampicillin (90%), tetracycline (55%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 89.9% of bacterial isolated. No formal education participants were 3.18 times, previous history of catheterization had 3.22 times and previous history of UTI had 3.73 times more likely to develop UTI than their counterparts respectively. Culture and susceptibility test is vital for appropriate management of UTI in the study area.
Effective Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of Nerve-Immunity Interaction in The Treatment of Depression: A Integrated Analysis of miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks
Authors: Wu Zi-xuan , Huang Xuyan , Cai Min-jie , Huang Peidong , Guan Zunhui
Published: October 2021

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an emotional disorder that has a negative effect on patients' studies and daily lives. A great number of studies have found that miRNAs play an important role in the development of MDD and that they can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. However, there have been few investigations on nerve-immunity interaction therapy for MMD patients' brains.Methods: We attempted to evaluate MDD in the gene expression matrix database and miRNAs in plasma samples from healthy controls using bioinformatics methods. Four plasma miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) samples were found from MDD patients. Funrich planned the transcription factors and target genes of miRNAs, and the enrichment of TF and GO was examined. The intersecting mRNAs were discovered by comparing the various expressions of the projected target genes and 5 mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) samples. In the end, 34 DE-miRNAs, 386 DE-mRNAs, and 17 intersecting mRNAs were detected. Intersecting core genes were then investigated using GO and KEGG enrichment analysis to find the intersecting mRNA. Identify particular candidate genes and pathways in neurology and immunology that may be associated with MDD for further investigation.Results: We discovered 17 important HUB genes by the advance of a miRNA-mRNA network, and 5 HUB DE-MRNAs were derived following CytoNCA topology.Conclusion: Our findings from a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs in MDD show that DE-miRNAs like miR-338-3P and miR-206 may be excellent biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of MDD via nerve-immunity interaction.
Perioperative Supplemental Oxygen and Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations After Major Abdominal Surgery – a Substudy of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Taschner Alexander , Kabon Barbara , von Sonnenburg Markus Falkner , Graf Alexandra , Adamowitsch Nikolas , Fraunschiel Melanie , Fleischmann Edith , Reiterer Christian
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIncreased sympathetic nerve activity due to perioperative stress is associated with higher plasma catecholamine concentrations that lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This fact plays a pivotal role in the development of perioperative myocardial ischemia. A previous study in healthy volunteers has shown that the administration of supplemental oxygen attenuated sympathetic nerve activity, which was associated with lower plasma catecholamine concentrations. However, in patients undergoing surgery evidence is still lacking. We therefore tested the hypothesis that perioperative supplemental oxygen attenuates sympathetic nerve activity estimated by plasma catecholamines in patients at risk for cardiovascular complications undergoing major abdominal surgery.MethodsWe randomly assigned 81 patients to receive either 80% versus 30% inspired oxygen concentration throughout surgery and for the first two postoperative hours. We assessed noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine plasma concentrations as surrogate parameters for sympathetic nerve activity before induction of anesthesia, two hours after surgery and on the third postoperative day.Results41 patients received 80% oxygen and 40 patients received 30% oxygen. There was no significant difference in postoperative noradrenaline (effect estimated:-41.5 ng.L-1, 95%CI -134.3, 51.2; p=0.38), adrenaline (effect estimated:11.2 ng.L-1, 95%CI -7.6, 30.1; p=0.24) and dopamine (effect estimated:-1.61 ng.L-1, 95%CI -7.2, 3.9; p=0.57) concentrations between both groups. ConclusionsWe found no significant difference in postoperative plasma catecholamine concentration between the 80% and 30% oxygen group in patients at risk for cardiovascular complications undergoing major abdominal surgery. Based on our results, it seems likely that supplemental oxygen did not influence sympathetic nerve activity in the perioperative setting.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03366857)European Clinical Trial Database (EudraCT 2017-003714-68)
The Application of Different Breathing Training Methods in Elderly Patients With Femoral Neck Fracture: A Prospective, Randomized, and Single-Blind Study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Hong , Fan Mei Jing , Fan Lin , Wang Min
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Femoral neck fractures in elderly patients lead to reduced mobility and increased risk of pulmonary complications. The main purpose of this study is to observe the forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), blood oxygen saturation(SPO2), pulmonary complications, and hospitalization days in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, and to evaluate the use of lung function trainers to train elderly patients’ lung function effect and feasibility.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized and single-blind study. 108 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures over 70 years old were randomly divided into a conventional group and a lung function trainer group. The conventional group received effective cough training and lip-reducing breathing training, and the lung function trainer group received effective cough training and lung function training. Until 2 weeks after surgery. The main outcomes are forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity, and blood oxygen saturation. The secondary outcomes are pulmonary complications and the hospitalization days.Results: 50 subjects in the conventional group and 51 subjects in the lung function trainer group completed the study. On the 3rd and 7th day of training, the FVC of the lung function trainer group was higher than that of the conventional group (2.94±0.40vs.2.72±0.34,P<0.05；3.02±0.40vs.2.86±0.34,P<0.05), and the FVE1 of the the lung function trainer group was higher than that of the conventional group (1.99±0.37vs.1.80±0.42，P＜0.05；2.14±0.39vs.1.94±0.43,＜0.05), and the blood oxygen saturation of the lung function trainer group was higher than that of the conventional group ( 97.10±1.35vs.96.28±1.21；97.47±1.35vs.96.86±1.36,P＜0.05), 4 cases of pneumonia in the conventional group, no one in the lung function trainer group was diagnosed with pneumonia, and the hospitalization days in the lung function trainer group was less than that in the conventional group (15.55±1.45VS.17.2±2.58,P<0.05).Conclusion: For elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, the use of lung function training device to strengthen respiratory muscle function training during perioperative period can improve the patient's lung function in a short period of time, reduce the complications of respiratory system infection, and shorten the hospitalization days. It is worthy of clinical application.
The single-cell transcriptional landscape of the axolotl
Authors: Ye Fang , Zhang Guodong , E Weigao , Chen Haide , Yu Chengxuan , Li Jiaqi , Fu Yuting , Sun Zhongyi , Fei Lijiang , Guo Qile , Yang Lei , Wang Jingjing , Xiao Yanyu , Wang Xinru , Zhang Peijing , Ma Li Feng , Fu Sulei , Fei Jifeng , Ge Dapeng , Xu Suhong , Han Xiaoping , Guo Guoji
Published: October 2021

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a promising tetrapod model for regeneration and developmental studies. Remarkably, neotenic axolotls may undergo metamorphosis, during which their regeneration capacity and lifespan gradually decline. However, a system-level single-cell analysis of molecular characteristics in neotenic and metamorphosed axolotls is still lacking. Here, we developed a single-cell RNA-seq method based on combinatorial hybridization to generate a tissue-based transcriptomic atlas of the adult axolotl. We performed gene expression profiling of over 1 million single cells across 19 tissues to construct the first adult axolotl cell atlas. Comparison of single-cell transcriptomes between the tissues of neotenic and metamorphosed axolotls revealed the heterogeneity of structural cells in different tissues and established their regulatory network. Furthermore, we described dynamic gene expression patterns during limb development in neotenic axolotls. These data serve as a resource to explore the molecular identity of the axolotl as well as its metamorphosis.
­TREM2-H157Y Increases Soluble TREM2 Production and Reduces Amyloid Pathology
Authors: Qiao Wenhui , Chen Yixing , Martens Yuka A. , Liu Chia-Chen , Knight Joshua A. , Li Fuyao , Chen Kai , Aishe Kurti I. , Shue Francis , Dacquel Maxwell V. , Fryer John , Zhao Na , Bu Guojun
Published: October 2021

Background: The p.H157Y variant of TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2) has been reported to increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. This mutation in the extracellular domain of TREM2 localizes at the cleavage site and was shown to enhance shedding and impair phagocytosis in vitro by ectopic expression of TREM2-H157Y in HEK293 cells. However, the physiological and AD-related outcomes of TREM2 H157Y mutation in vivo remain unknown.Methods: We generated a novel Trem2 H157Y knock-in mouse model through CRISPR-Cas9 technology and investigated how Trem2 H157Y mutation impacts TREM2 proteolytic processing, synaptic function, and AD-related amyloid pathology by conducting biochemical assays, immunofluorescent staining, hippocampal electrophysiology, and in vivo micro-dialysis in awake, free-moving animals.Results: Consistent with previous in vitro findings, TREM2-H157Y increases the amount of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in the cortex and serum of mutant mice compared to the wild type controls. Interestingly, the Trem2 H157Y variant enhances synaptic plasticity without affecting microglial density and morphology. In the presence of amyloid pathology, TREM2-H157Y surprisingly accelerates Aβ clearance and reduces amyloid burden and microgliosis. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings support a beneficial effect of the Trem2 H157Y mutation in synaptic function and in mitigating amyloid pathology. Considering the genetic association of TREM2 p.H157Y with AD, we speculate TREM2-H157Y might increase AD risk through an amyloid-independent pathway, as such its effects on tauopathy and neurodegeneration merit further investigation.
Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Perineal Hernia After Endoscopic Abdominoperineal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Manabe Tatsuya , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Tsuru Yasuhiro , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Fujimoto Takaaki , Koga Yasuo , Nakamura Masafumi , Noshiro Hirokazu
Published: October 2021

Background: In contrast to open-surgery abdominoperineal excision (APE) for rectal cancer, postoperative perineal hernia (PPH) is reported to increase after extralevator APE and endoscopic surgery. In this study, therefore, we aimed to determine the risk factors for PPH after endoscopic APE.Methods: A total 73 patients who underwent endoscopic APE for lower rectal cancer were collected from January 2009 to March 2020, and the risk factors for PPH were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Nineteen patients (26%) developed PPH after endoscopic APE, and the diagnosis of PPH was made at 9–393 days (median: 183 days) after initial surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that absence of pelvic peritoneal closure alone increased the incidence of PPH significantly (odds ratio; 13.76, 95% confidence interval; 1.48–1884.84, p = 0.004).Conclusions: Pelvic peritoneal closure should be performed when possible after endoscopic APE to prevent PPH.
Donor-Acceptor Pair Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Tan Qinghai , Lai Jia-Min , Liu Xue-Lu , Guo Dan , Xue Yong-Zhou , Dou Xiu-Ming , Sun Bao-Quan , Deng Hui-Xiong , Tan Ping-Heng , Aharonovich Igor , Gao Weibo , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2021

Quantum emitters are needed for a myriad of applications ranging from quantum sensing to quantum computing. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) quantum emitters are the most promising solid-state platform to date due to its high brightness, stability, and the possibility of spin photon interface. However, the understanding of the physical origins of the single-photon emitters (SPEs) is still limited. Here, we present concrete and conclusive evidence that the dense SPEs in hBN, across entire visible spectrum, can be well explained by donor-acceptor pairs (DAPs). Based on the DAP transition generation mechanism, we have calculated their wavelength fingerprint, matching well with the experimentally observed photoluminescence spectrum. Our work serves as a step forward for the physical understanding of SPEs in hBN and their applications in quantum technologies.
Petrology of the opening eruptive phase of the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption, La Palma, Canary Islands
Authors: Pankhurst Matthew J. , Scarrow Jane H. , Barbee Olivia A. , Hickey James , Coldwell Beverley C. , Rollinson Gavyn , Rodriguez-Losada Jose A. , Martín-Lorenzo Alba , Rodríguez Fátima , Hernández William , Hernández Pedro A. , Pérez Nemesio M.
Published: October 2021

The first products of the current Cumbre Vieja eruption comprise simultaneous tephra fall from near-continuous, gas-rich eruption plumes and lava flows. From combined field, petrographic and geochemical analyses we identify: low percentage mantle melts with a variably-equilibrated multimineralic crystal-cargo and compositional fractionation by eruptive processes. Hence petrology can untangle complex magmatic and volcanic processes for this eruption, which through further study can assist in active decision making.
Influence of Pregnancy on Neuromyelitis Optica From an Ophthalmological Point of View: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Aslan Fatih , Tuğba-Çimşir Meral , Özdemir-Öktem Ece
Published: October 2021

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO, Devic’s disease) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system leading to optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The clinical course of the disease and ocular changes in pregnancy is still not well known. Here, we present the subclinical ophthalmological changes which are evaluated by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the 39 weeks gestation and postpartum period in a pregnant woman with a diagnosis of NMO. Additionally, we present the obstetric and neurologic course of our patient and review the literature. A 30-year-old female with a history of NMO had been ophthalmologically examined and performed SD-OCT every trimester periodically to observe the effects of pregnancy on the disease course. No ophthalmological changes were observed during the pregnancy and postpartum period. Cesarean delivery was preferred due to obstetric indication. The patient was discharged on the second day of postpartum period.
Formula Feeding and Associated Factors among Mothers with Infants 0-6 Months Old in Mettu Town, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Abeza
Published: October 2021

Background

Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for the normal development and future wellbeing of the child. Despite the fact that breast milk is optimal nutrition for infants during the first six months of life, the duration of breastfeeding has been declining and being replaced by formula feeding particularly in urban communities of developing countries including Ethiopia. However, relatively little information is available regarding formula feeding in Ethiopia; particularly in Mettu town.
Methods

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mettu town from May, 17 to July 1, 2021, among 366 mothers with infants 0-6 months old. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statics and multivariable logistic regression were performed, and variables with a p-value <0.05 in the final model were declared statistically significant with formula feeding.
Result

The prevalence of formula feeding among the study participants was 28.4%, 95% [CI: 24.0-33.0]. In multivariable logistic regression analysis primparity [AOR=3.3, 95% CI:(1.71-6.26)], cesarean delivery [AOR=2.6, 95% CI:(1.28-5.35)], initiation of breastfeeding after 24hrs [AOR=3.7,95% CI:(1.24-10.05)] employed mothers [AOR=2.4, 95% CI:(1.29-4.49] poor knowledge [AOR=2.6, 95%CI:(1.49-4.73)] and positive attitude toward formula feeding [AOR= 2.4, 95% CI: (1.27-4.84)] were significantly associated with formula feeding.
Conclusion

About one-third of mothers were formula feeding their infant. Primi parity, initiation of breast milk after 24hrs, cesarean delivery, and poor maternal knowledge and positive attitude were significantly associated with formula feeding. Hence, education on infant feeding for pregnant and lactating mothers, and supporting primipara mothers and as well as mothers who deliver by cesarean section should be implemented at health facility and community level.
oT Architecture and Applications in Healthcare Systems
Authors: S. BÎRLEANU
Published: October 2021

This paper provides a detailed overview of the intelligent health system that uses the concept of the Internet of Things. Various technologies implemented together with their applications are analyzed in this paper. An increasing number of IoT devices are currently available on the market to support patients, each with different technologies are explored into this document. The paper also presents a comparison between different sensors used in the field of healthcare and their types, IoT architecture, tools and technologies used for the development of IoT systems in the field of healthcare.
Coastal hydroacoustic surveillance
Authors: I. CIOCIOI
Published: October 2021

Coastal hydroacoustic surveillance network is necessary to identify submarines in due time and to have an anti-submarine protection at shores. A solution to detect, localize and track silent submarines in coastal waters is one to build a multi-static sonar network (MSN), which offers a numerous advantage compared to a monostatic network.
Investigation the influence of some meteorological factors on shipping air emissions in the Istanbul Strait
Authors: Aydin TOKUSLU
Published: October 2021

Shipping emissions are one of the most important environmental problems in Istanbul city and people living around the Bosphorus are unprotected from these effects every day. 35% of the population of Istanbul city (about 15 million people) live at a distance of approximately 4/5 km to the Bosphorus. Exhaust gas emissions (NOX, SOX, and PM) generated from transit ships have direct harmful effects on human health, the ecosystem, and the environment. Meteorological conditions play an important role in affecting air quality and human health due to seasonal changes and are closely related to air pollutant concentrations. In this study, the relationship of meteorological parameters (such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, precipitation) on the distribution of transit ship emissions was investigated using stepwise multiple regression and correlation analysis. A "good relationship" between the pollutants (NOX, SOX, PM) concentrations and meteorological parameters have been found.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on stock market returns volatility of Gulf Cooperation Council countries
Authors: Elhassan Tomader
Published: October 2021

This study examined the asymmetric impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock market return volatility. The data included daily closing prices of the GCC stock market from the day of the acknowledgment of the first case of COVID-19 in each country to March 6, 2021. In addition, the study employed generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) family models. According to the Akaike information criterion, GARCH and exponential GARCH (EGARCH) were the most accurate models. The findings of the GARCH model indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the GCC stock markets. The EGARCH model also confirmed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the GCC stock markets, confirming that the COVID-19 negatively affected GCC stock market returns. The value of the persistence of this volatility continued over a long period. This study has potential implications for investors and policymakers in diversifying investment portfolios and adopting strategies to maintain investor confidence during such crises. Moreover, mechanisms must be developed for reducing risks in financial markets in times of crisis, and central banks should take financial measures to mitigate risks to capital markets.
AcknowledgmentsThis achievement was made with the aid of my family’s support, thank you all.