bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal straw management co‐benefits crop yield and soil carbon sequestration of intensive farming systems
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Enli , Qian Xin , Gao Yingbo , Zhang Hui , Li Zongxin , Liu Kaichang
Published: January 2023

Straw retention has been widely recommended to sequester more soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils, while carbon sequestration may not respond linearly to additional carbon input amount. The response of SOC, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic income to different straw management methods in intensive wheat‐maize double cropping systems still need systematical study. An 8‐year field experiment was conducted in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain to investigate the impacts of optimal straw management (wheat straw was all crushed and spread on the soil surface, maize straw was all crushed and returned t into 0‐15 cm soil layer) and optimal straw management (wheat straw was all crushed and spread on the soil surface, while maize straw was all harvested for feed) on SOC sequestrations, carbon economy and economic income. The results showed that only returning wheat straw into the field could maintain a similar crop yield (15.0 Mg ha−1) and SOC sequestration amount (9.06 Mg C ha−1) to the conventional straw management method. While this optimal straw management method kept a stable SOC sequestration rate of 1.24 Mg ha−1 yr−1 when the SOC sequestration rate decreased from 1.76 to 1.20 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the conventional method. The optimal management method also further reduced GHG emissions by 85.4% and using maize straw as stock feed increased net income by 28.3%. Only returning wheat straw could realize economic and environmental benefits win‐win in the wheat‐maize double cropping systems, which provides important background knowledge about safe and sustainable agriculture.
Acclimation by diverse phytoplankton species determines oceanic carbon to nitrogen ratios
Authors: Masuda Yoshio , Yamanaka Yasuhiro , Smith Sherwood Lan , Hirata Takafumi , Nakano Hideyuki , Oka Akira , Sumata Hiroshi , Aita Maki Noguchi
Published: January 2023

The carbon to nitrogen (CN) ratio of phytoplankton connects the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the ocean. Any variation in this ratio under climate change will alter the amount of carbon fixed by photosynthesis, and ultimately the amount sequestered in the ocean. However, a consistent mechanistic explanation remains lacking for observed species‐specific variations in phytoplankton CN ratios. We show that acclimation to ambient environmental conditions explains the observed variation of phytoplankton CN ratios by incorporating phytoplankton acclimation theory based on a resource allocation trade‐off between carbon vs. nitrogen acquisition capacity into a three‐dimensional marine ecosystem model. Inter‐specific differences in CN ratio and its sensitivity are caused by inter‐specific differences in Droop's minimum nitrogen cell quota. Our model, constrained by observed phytoplankton parameters, shows that the global mean phytoplankton CN ratio is greater than the canonical Redfield ratio, as suggested previously based on regional in situ observations.
Dendritic Nanogels Directed Dual‐Encapsulation Topical Delivery System of Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Skin Infections
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Håkansson Joakim , Fan Yanmiao , Andrén Oliver C. J. , San Jacinto García Jorge , Qin Liguo , Umerska Anita , Hutchinson Daniel J. , Lüchow Mads , Mahlapuu Margit , Malkoch Michael
Published: January 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising antibacterial agents in the fight against multidrug resistant pathogens. However, their application to skin infections is limited by the absence of a realizable topical delivery strategy. Herein, a hybrid hierarchical delivery system for topical delivery of AMPs is accomplished through the incorporation of AMPs into dendritic nanogels (DNGs) and their subsequent embedding into poloxamer gel. The high level of control over the crosslink density and the number of chosen functionalities makes DNGs ideal capsules with tunable loading capacity for DPK‐060, a human kininogen‐derived AMP. Once embedded into the poloxamer gel, DPK‐060 encapsulated in DNGs displays a slower release rate compared to those entrapped directly in the gels. In vitro EpiDerm Skin Irritation Tests show good biocompatibility, while MIC and time‐kill curves reveal the potency of the peptide toward Staphylococcus aureus. Anti‐infection tests on ex vivo pig skin and in vivo mouse infection models demonstrate that formulations with 0.5% and 1% AMPs significantly inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Similar outcomes are observed for an in vivo mouse surgical site infection model. Importantly, when normalizing the bacteria inhibition to released/free DPK‐060 at the wound site, all formulations display superior efficacy compared to DPK‐060 in solution.
Development of a Water‐Dispersible Supramolecular Complex of Polyphenol with Polypeptides for Attenuation of the Allergic Response using a Mechanochemical Strategy
Authors: Kawasaki Riku , Kawamura Shogo , Kodama Tomoki , Yamana Keita , Maeda Akira , Yimiti Dilimulati , Miyaki Shigeru , Hino Shodai , Ozawa Naoki , Nishimura Tomoki , Kawamoto Seiji , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: January 2023

The prevalence of allergic disorders has increased worldwide in recent decades. Polyphenols, including resveratrol and curcumin, are posited to have potential as therapeutic agents for allergy; however, their use has been limited by poor water solubility. Accordingly, a highly concentrated, water dispersible, supramolecular complexes of polyphenols with polypeptides (poly‐L‐lysine, poly‐γ‐glutamic acid) and gelatin using high‐speed vibration milling are developed. The complex exhibits resistance to photobleaching and thermal radiation. Treatment of a rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL‐2H3) with polypeptide complexes containing resveratrol is suppressed allergic responses in vitro. Moreover, aerosolized administration of polypeptide complexes demonstrates excellent bioavailability and inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in ear tissue in vivo. Furthermore, the method avoids the use of organic solvent and therefore reduces undesirable biological responses.
Rare duplication of the CDC73 gene and atypical hyperparathyroidism‐jaw tumor syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Garrigues Guilhaume , Batisse‐Lignier Marie , Uhrhammer Nancy , Privat Maud , Ponelle‐Chachuat Flora , Kelly Antony , Gay‐Bellile Mathilde , Viala Sandrine , Bidet Yannick , Bignon Yves‐Jean , Cavaillé Mathias
Published: January 2023

Background

Hyperparathyroidism jaw‐tumor syndrome (HPT‐JT) is the rarest familial cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, with an incidence <1/1000000, caused by a pathogenic variant in the CDC73 (or HRPT2) gene that encodes parafibromin, a protein involved in many cellular mechanisms. Patients with HPT‐JT have a 15–20% of risk of developing parathyroid carcinoma, whereas it accounts for only 1% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients also develop jaw tumors in 30% of cases, kidney abnormalities in 15% of cases, and uterine tumors in 50% of patients.

Case Report

Here are report two atypical cases of HPT‐JT with variable expressivity in the same family. In front of an isolated primary hyperparathyroidism at 28 years of age of incidental discovery following a weight gain, the propositus benefited a first‐line panel by Next‐Generation Sequencing of the genes involved in familial hyperparathyroidism: CaSR, CDC73, MEN1, and RET. Genetic testing revealed the presence of a pathogenic germline variation CDC73: c.687_688dup; p.Val230Glufs*28, found only in nine families in the literature and allowing the diagnosis of HPT‐JT. Given a history of primary hyperparathyroidism at 52 years and adenomyosis, the patient's mother also underwent a genetic analysis that found her daughter's variation and established her inherited trait.

Conclusion

In view of the clinical and genotypic heterogeneity, we confirm the interest of using an extended gene panel for the diagnosis of familial primary hyperparathyroidism. CDC73 variations could be more frequent than described in the literature. The association of primary hyperparathyroidism with uterine involvement could be a new indication for analysis.
Bifurcation insight for a fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system incorporating mixed time delays
Authors: Xu Changjin , Zhang Wei , Aouiti Chaouki , Liu Zixin , Yao Lingyun
Published: January 2023

In this study, we principally investigate a fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system including distributed time delays and discrete time delays. Taking advantage of transformation of the variable, we obtain an isovalent version of the considered fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system including distributed time delays and discrete time delays. The isovalent version includes fractional‐order and integer‐order equations. Utilizing the stability criterion and bifurcation theory of fractional‐order differential equation, a novel delay‐independent bifurcation condition to ensure the appearance of Hopf bifurcation for the fractional‐order stage‐structured predator–prey system is set up. The impact of time delay on the stability and bifurcation is clearly revealed. Numerical simulation figures are presented to sustain the rationality of the derived key conclusions.
Improving mobile communications with antennas that map the channel and move to local maxima
Authors: Artner Gerald
Published: January 2023

A technique is proposed that improves wireless communication channels in fading environments. The device creates a map of channel measurements. The device then moves its antenna to positions of the previously measured maximum within its reach. Proof‐of‐concept measurements were performed for smartphone‐sized devices in an office environment. A quarter‐wavelength monopole antenna for the 2.4 GHz frequency band successfully kept the channel at local maxima. The results show that small antenna movements over half of a wavelength are sufficient to keep the channel in local maxima, to avoid deep fading notches, and to improve channels over state‐of‐the‐art antennas that move with their devices. A channel model for the wireless communication channel of mobile devices with channel maximum antennas is proposed based on the measurement results.
Fruits of the city: The nature, nurture and future of urban foraging
Authors: Sardeshpande Mallika , Shackleton Charlie
Published: January 2023

Urban foraging is a global informal phenomenon which has been investigated in the Global North more than other parts of the world. Characterising the nature of urban foraging in the Global South is imperative given the rapid urbanisation and sustainable development priorities in the region.

In this study, we interviewed 80 urban foragers in four cities in the eastern coastal region of South Africa, with an aim to understand the nature of urban foraging in a developing nation context. We asked foragers about their initiation to and motivations for foraging, their logistics, yields and associated activities, descriptions of their foraging grounds, and if and how they had changed, and what they envisage as an ideal future for foraging.

Many foragers started foraging in their childhood, in the company of friends and family, and, as in the Global North, regarded it as a cultural and recreational activity. Foraging was mostly done within a 5‐km radius of home, on a weekly or fortnightly basis, and very few foragers processed or sold their foraged products.

Unlike the Global North, formal green spaces were not foraged in, and were perceived to be poorly provisioned in urban planning. Forests and roadsides were equally used by the foragers, and very few had been discouraged from foraging. Most foragers were enthusiastic about the possibility of more people foraging, having designated spaces for foraging, and foraging‐based businesses such as processed products and ecotourism.

We recommend that policymakers and land managers recognise and encourage foraging as a potentially sustainable use for stewardship of urban green spaces. To this end, we list the main wild edible fruit species used by foragers in the area, which could be planted in public spaces. We also suggest harnessing foragers' knowledge of useful species and spaces to develop green spaces and foraging‐based supply chains.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Fatal fetal anomaly: Experiences of women and their partners
Authors: Jackson Peter , Power‐Walsh Stacey , Dennehy Rebecca , O’Donoghue Keelin
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study explored the care experiences of parents whose pregnancy was diagnosed with a fatal fetal anomaly following the legalisation of termination of pregnancy in 2019 in Ireland.

Methods

A qualitative study using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis was undertaken. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 10 parents, six women and four of their male partners. Parents recruited included those who terminated and continued the pregnancy.

Results

Three superordinate themes were identified: ‘Attachment and coping’, ‘There's no place for you in the pregnancy world’ and ‘Consistency of quality care’. Parents shared the different approaches and level of attachment to their baby that supported their coping. Regardless of the level of attachment, many parents benefited from the acts of remembrance. Parents expressed how they no longer felt they belonged in the ‘pregnancy world’ and described a need for healthcare professionals to recognise their loss and create a safe and supportive environment in which they could share their grief. Despite this, parents' accounts highlighted variations and inconsistencies in care and service provision.

Conclusion

Our study highlighted parents' need for consistent, well communicated, and comprehensive care, which encourages an individualised perinatal palliative care approach to meet parental needs.
Lactate and glucose induced self‐assembly of hydrophobic boronic acid‐substituted polymers
Authors: Dhiraj Harpal S. , Ishizuka Fumi , Elshaer Amr , Zetterlund Per B. , Aldabbagh Fawaz
Published: January 2023

Amphiphilic boronic acid (BA)‐substituted block copolymers have been utilized in biomedical applications through binding to saccharides, including to glucose whereas binding to the anaerobically produced metabolite lactate is unreported. Glucose requires basic conditions, while lactate binding occurs at neutral physiological conditions. Herein, BA binding to glucose and lactate is used for the first time to convert solvated hydrophobic homopolymer and hydrophobic block copolymers to amphiphilic core‐shell nanoparticle spheres and worms.
Age‐race‐ethnicity segregation in the United States: Where do minority older adults stand?
Authors: Wong David W. S. , Das Gupta Debasree
Published: January 2023

A recent study shows that among the three age groups of youth, adult and older adult, youth‐older adult has the highest age segregation while youth‐adult has the lowest. Similar to many previous age segregation studies, racial‐ethnic differences, an important population axis in segregation studies, were not considered. Prior studies are also limited to using two‐group measures, failing to compare multiple groups together. We explore the complexity in measuring intersectional segregation focusing on the two axes of age and race‐ethnicity and propose a conditional approach to measure age segregation by racial‐ethnic groups, and racial‐ethnic segregation by age groups. Using this approach, we empirically study the 2010 age‐race‐ethnic segregation at the county and state levels in the United States, using census tracts as the basic units. Both the two and multigroup dissimilarity indices were used. Results show that the racial‐ethnic axis had been a stronger force in segregation than the age axis. Results also show disparities of racial‐ethnic segregation across age groups with the highest levels present among older adults and in urban counties. For all three age groups, segregation levels involving Natives and Asians tend to be higher than those without them. In contrast, age segregation was the highest between youths and older adults, and the levels varied across racial‐ethnic groups with Natives at the highest levels. Although age segregation was significantly different between urban and rural counties, higher segregation in urban areas were mostly involving Whites as opposed to higher segregation in rural counties involving minority racial groups. Studying age segregation should not be colour blinded, as nonwhite older adults in rural counties were more likely to experience higher levels of age segregation than other groups.
Next‐Generation Application‐Based Artificial Intelligence in Modeling and Estimation for Ni/n‐GaAs/In Schottky Barrier Diode
Authors: Doğan Hülya , Kockanat Serdar
Published: January 2023

Herein, for Ni/n‐GaAs/In Schottky barrier diode, experimental measurement, modeling, data generation from the model, and parameter estimation processes are simultaneously carried out. In the experimental step, Ni/n‐GaAs/In Schottky barrier diodes are fabricated and annealed from the temperature of 200 °C up to 600 °C with 100 °C steps. Current values are recorded by applying voltage to the diode contacts from −1 V up to 0.5 V. In the modeling step, 1503 experimental current–voltage data are used for 19 different regression models. For Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy System (ANFIS), when root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination are calculated 6.0341e‐07, 3.6410e‐13, 2.3873e‐07, and 0.9999 for training, they are obtained 5.8904e‐07, 3.4697e‐13, 2.3083e‐07, and 0.9999 for testing. In the estimation step, the values of electrical parameters are estimated by using Mayfly algorithm. Estimations are performed for all annealing temperatures. In addition, current–voltage data for the annealing temperature of 350 °C are produced by the ANFIS model. Thus, a new‐generation artificial intelligence application, that includes measurement, modeling, and estimation for the Ni/n‐GaAs/In Schottky barrier diode with varying annealing temperatures, is realized and a new perspective is provided to researchers and practitioners.
Effect of Poly‐Crystallinity on the Magnetoelectric Behavior of TiN/AlN/Ni MEMS Cantilevers Investigated by Finite Element Methods
Authors: Hähnlein Bernd , Honig Hauke , Schaaf Peter , Krischok Stefan , Tonisch Katja
Published: January 2023

Herein, magnetoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) cantilevers are investigated on basis of a TiN/AlN/Ni laminate derived from experimental sensors using finite‐element simulations. With the anisotropic ΔE effect as an implication of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the lateral sensitivity of the sensor is studied for different nickel layer thicknesses and boundary conditions. It is found that above 60% of the cantilever length, the nickel is effectively not contributing to the sensor sensitivity anymore which is supported by the investigation of sensors with partial nickel coverage. The boundary condition of the magnetostrictive layer is found to affect the sensitivity of thick layers while it is negligible for thinning layers. Further investigations on basis of polycrystalline untextured nickel with slightly preferred orientations reveal a stronger effect on thin layers than on thicker ones. It is found to arise from relatively large crystals in the high‐sensitivity region near the clamping of the sensor. For thicker polycrystalline layers, the ΔE effect reproduces a characteristic based mainly on the (110) and (111) orientations while the (100) orientation appears to be underrepresented.
Curcumin for the treatment of COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Athar Mohammad Mobin Teymouri , Shahid Abia , Ghafoor Muhammad Saqib , Ayyan Muhammad , Zahid Afra , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Curcumin is a low‐cost and easily accessible therapeutic option for COVID‐19 patients. We aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of curcumin on clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients. Various databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception until October 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating curcumin use in COVID‐19 patients. Results from 13 RCTs were pooled using R software version 4.1.0. Curcumin reduced the risk of all‐cause mortality (RR 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20–0.72; moderate certainty of evidence), and patients with no recovery status (RR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.42–0.70; moderate certainty of evidence) but had no effect on the incidence of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, and the rate of a positive viral PCR test. The results of subgroup analysis suggested a higher benefit with early administration of curcumin (within 5 days of onset of symptoms) and with the use of combination regimens. Curcumin is likely to be of benefit in mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 patients, but large‐scale RCTs are needed to confirm these findings. The limitations of our meta‐analysis include the small sample sizes of the included RCTs and the variable formulations of curcumin used across the studies.
Management of neonatal central nervous system viral infections: Knowledge gaps and research priorities
Authors: Abeywickrema Movin , Kelly Dominic , Kadambari Seilesh
Published: January 2023

Congenital CMV, enteroviruses, human parechovirus and herpes simplex virus are all common causes of severe central nervous system (CNS) infection in neonates. The introduction of screening (i.e. newborn hearing screening programme), integration of molecular syndromic testing (i.e. multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays) and increase in sexually transmitted infections (i.e. anogenital herpes) have contributed to increases in each of these infections over the last decade. However, therapeutic options are highly limited in part due to the lack of epidemiological data informing trials. This review will describe our current understanding of the clinical burden and epidemiology of these severe neonatal CNS infections, outline the novel antiviral and vaccines in the pipeline and suggest future research studies which could help develop new therapeutics.
Bilateral‐WeightedOnline Adaptive Isolation Forest for anomaly detection in streaming data
Authors: Hannák Gábor , Horváth Gábor , Kádár Attila , Szalai Márk Dániel
Published: January 2023

We propose a method called Bilateral‐Weighted Online Adaptive Isolation Forest (BWOAIF) for unsupervised anomaly detection based onIsolation Forest(IF), which is applicable to streaming data and able to cope with concept drift. Similar to IF, the proposed method has only few hyperparameters whose effect on the performance are easy to interpret by human intuition and therefore easy to tune. BWOAIF ingests data and classifies it as normal or anomalous, and simultaneously adapts its classifier by removing old trees as well as by creating new ones. We show that BWOAIF adapts gradually to slow concept drifts, and, at the same time, it is able to adapt fast to sudden changes of the data distribution. Numerical results show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and its ability to learn different classes of concept drifts, such as slow/fast concept shift, concept split, concept appearance, and concept disappearance.
Airport sustainability through life cycle assessments: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bahman Nahed
Published: January 2023

Anthropogenic climate change contributes to increased frequency and intensity of droughts, wildfires, storms, coastal sea level rise, and population displacements, in addition to causing lung and cardiovascular diseases from the emission of Criteria Air Pollutants (CAPs). The aviation sector is estimated to contribute 2%–3% of global anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This excludes GHG emissions from airport operation and maintenance activities due to limited research in the area. This systematic literature review examined the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) carried out by previous studies on the environmental impacts of airport operation and maintenance activities. This allows to assess existing literature on the impacts of these activities; identify knowledge gaps in LCA based on the findings of the review; and propose areas for further research and improvement in mitigating the environmental impacts of airport operation and maintenance activities. A total of 11 papers were selected for thematic analysis and narrative synthesis following a systematic review process based on the research question which yielded a total of 263 peer‐reviewed research articles and dissertations on the topic. The findings of the review showed that knowledge gaps exist in the LCA of environmental impacts of Auxiliary Power Units (APU) and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) operations in the airport during aircraft turnaround time. Further research is suggested in the use of feasible and affordable alternative energy sources (electricity, compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen) at airports to reduce the environmental impacts associated with petrol‐ and diesel‐powered GSE and gate operations at airports.
Synthesis of MMT−CuFe2O4 Composite as a Peroxymonosulfate Activator for the Degradation of Reactive Black 5
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Mengelizadeh Nezamaddin , Berizi Zohreh , Salehnia Salehe , Asgari Mahdi , Balarak Davoud
Published: January 2023

Copper ferrite nanoparticles loaded on montmorillonite (MMT−CuFe2O4) were prepared by co‐precipitation method and applied as catalyst for activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5). The maximum removal efficiency of RB5 completely depends on the operating parameters and the highest removal percentage was obtained at MMT−CuFe2O4 dosage of 250 mg/L, PMS concentration of 4 mM, initial RB5 concentration of 50 mg/L and time of 15 min. The presence of anions such as Cl−, NO3−, HCO3−, and SO42− showed a significant limitation in the degradation of RB5 in the MMT−CuFe2O4/PMS system. Trapping experiments showed that ⋅OH and SO4⋅− radicals were involved in the catalytic degradation of RB5, however ⋅OH is the major specie in the catalysis system. Consecutive cycles were considered for testing the reusability of MMT−CuFe2O4; its results showed the stability of five consecutive cycles. The toxicity test was evaluated using Daphnia magna and the results illustrated a substantial drop in the toxicity of the solution treated. The significant reduction of TOC during RB5 degradation and the production of SO42−, NH4+ and NO3− confirm the proper progress of pollutant mineralization. The high catalytic performance of the catalyst in a short time compared to other removal systems emphasizes that MMT−CuFe2O4 can be suggested as a promising catalyst for the degradation of RB5 from aqueous solutions.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Tandem Oxyphosphorylation Etherification of α‐Diazoesters to Access Phosphoric Esters
Authors: Quan Li‐Xia , Xiao Yi , Zhou Anxi , Zhu Xianhong , Mao Liu‐Liang , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: January 2023

An efficient and novel strategy for the synthesis of phosphoric esters has been developed via visible‐light‐promoted tandem oxyphosphorylation etherification of α‐diazoesters under mild conditions in the absence of any catalysts and additives. The reaction simply utilizes air (O2) as the environmentally friendly and sustainable oxygen source, delivering functionalized phosphoric esters in moderate to excellent yield with operational simplicity and gram‐scale synthesis, as well as good functional‐group tolerance.
Effect of type of mixer on rheological and mechanical behavior of ultra high‐performance concrete
Authors: Christ Roberto , Pacheco Fernanda , Ehrenbring Hinoel Zamis , Lopes Raduan Krause , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca , Funke Guilherme Bertolin Nedel
Published: January 2023

Ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC) is becoming increasingly frequent in several civil construction projects such as industries, buildings, and even infrastructure. The rheological and mechanical behaviors, coupled with durability, are the driving motives for this increase in use over the last few decades. However, the type of mixer used in UHPC production considerably affects the final composites performance due to variations in mixing velocity and the need to disperse particles with low granulometry. This study evaluated the effect of type of mixer in the properties of UHPC in the fresh and hardened states. This study evaluates three types of mixers: planetary vertical axis, horizontal axis, and drum. Results showed that the drum mixer was the least efficient in homogenizing the composite. It showed an average mixing time about 126% longer than planetary vertical or horizontal‐axis mixers to reach the same level of flowability. The composite from the drum mixer also had the most entrained air and void index. The planetary vertical‐axis mixer was the most efficient, with the resulting composite having a potential compression strength of 169.1 MPa, 19.3% higher than the composite from the horizontal‐axis mixer.
Rotor Loss Analysis of an External Rotor High‐Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Considering Current Harmonics and Thermal Analysis under High‐Temperature Gas
Authors: Teng XiaoYuan , Li Yan , Zhang BingYi , Feng GuiHong , Liu ZeYu
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a strategy for direct‐driving a turbine with an external rotor high‐speed permanent magnet motor. It is used to improve the large footprint, low efficiency, high maintenance costs, and high vibration risk of turbines. Combining the characteristics of the working conditions of pipeline gas transmission, this paper takes a 200 kW, 10 000 rpm external rotor high‐speed permanent magnet motor as an example. This paper analyzes the eddy current losses in the rotor due to the armature magnetomotive force generated by the stator fundamental and harmonic currents. To reduce eddy current losses in permanent magnets, a circumferentially segmented pole structure is proposed for theoretical comparison and FEA with common surface‐mounted pole structures under different loads and work angles. The results confirm that the circumferentially segmented pole can effectively reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet rotor. The effect of variations in the pole arc coefficient on eddy current losses in permanent magnets is also analyzed. Finally, the temperature field simulation of the motor is carried out under consideration of wind mill losses. By setting up three comparison groups with different conditions, this paper analyses the influence of the temperature and flow rate of the gas on the temperature rise and heat dissipation of the motor in a high‐temperature gas environment. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A One‐Class SVM‐Based Approach for Crossing‐Gate Rod Breakage Detection in a Railway Telemeter System
Authors: Kashiwao Tomoaki , Tanoue Hiroya , Shiraishi Noriyuki , Misaki Yuki , Ando Takashi , Tanaka Daisuke , Ikeda Kenji
Published: January 2023

Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku) has installed a telemeter system network across all railway lines in the Shikoku area for collecting real‐time equipment data. In a previous study, we proposed a supervised machine learning‐based method to detect crossing‐gate rod breakages from the big data collected by the telemeter system. However, this method requires past data, including breakage cases of each crossing‐gate rod, for training. To avoid the past‐data problem, we propose a method that applies a one‐class support vector machine (SVM) with unsupervised learning to the rod breakage detection. The detection results were evaluated based on performance on real‐word railway data. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Review on nanobubbles behavior with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces
Authors: Senthilkumar Gnanamani , Musharraf Shaik Tanveer , Deepak Velaga Bhargav
Published: January 2023

The objective of the present study is to review the behavior of nanobubbles with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. In most of the situations, it is desirable that the water particles adhere to the surface, called hydrophilic surface and in some cases, the water particles move away from the surface, called hydrophobic surfaces. Nanobubbles owing to their extraordinary physio‐chemical properties find their application in waste water treatment, aquaculture, cultivation of yeast, oil refineries and agriculture, etc. This review article addresses the unpredictable behavior of nanobubbles with different surfaces according to previous studies and the various procedures to confirm the existence of such bubbles on those surfaces.
Infection of juvenile falcons (Falcospp.) with intestinalLawsonia intracellularis
Authors: Wencel Peter , Smith Sionagh H , Couck Liesbeth , Hellebuyck Tom , Scott Peter C , McOrist Steven
Published: January 2023

Intestinal infection of many host species withLawsonia intracellularisare widely reported. Analyses of infections among carnivorous falcons have not previously been reported. Fifty juvenile captive falcons (Falcospp.) with or withoutLawsoniainfection were investigated in the United Arab Emirates, including clinical laboratory methods. Fresh intestinal biopsy samples were analysed by microbiological techniques forLawsoniaand other bacteria and by standard parasitological and pathological methods.Lawsonia intracellularisinfection was diagnosed by microbiological examination and qPCR in 10 of 50 juvenile falcons at case examination. Seven of these 10 falcons were of normal clinical appearance, and the other three had other contributing factors to ill‐thrift. A range of other conditions were noted in 40 case control falcons. This first report ofLawsoniainfection in falcons suggests that the agent may have a limited contribution to clinical disease in these birds, including ill‐thrift syndromes. This lack of clinical disease association mimics that noted amongLawsoniainfections recorded in other avian families.
The alliance in mental health care: conceptualization, evidence and clinical applications
Authors: Wampold Bruce E. , Flückiger Christoph
Published: January 2023

The concept of alliance reflects the collaborative relationship between a clinician and a patient, defined as consisting of three elements: a) the agreement on the goals of treatment; b) the agreement on a task or series of tasks; c) the development of a bond. Although much of the theory and research on the alliance comes from the domain of psychotherapy, the concept is applicable to any practice involving a person seeking help and a socially sanctioned healer. An extensive research evidence suggests that the alliance (typically measured at the third or fourth session) is a robust predictor of the outcomes of various forms of psychotherapy, even when prior symptom improvement and other factors are considered. Both the clinician and the patient bring to the therapy situation different capacities to form an alliance. Factors concerning the patient include, among others, the diagnosis, attachment history and style, motivation, and needs for affiliation. However, the benefits of the alliance have been found to be mostly due to the therapist's contribution, in particular his/her facilitative interpersonal skills, including verbal fluency, communication of hope and positive expectations, persuasiveness, emotional expression; warmth, acceptance and understanding; empathy, and alliance rupture‐repair responsiveness. Placebo studies have allowed to experimentally manipulate aspects of the relationship between a therapist and a patient in non‐psychotherapy contexts. In these settings, two components of the relationship have emerged: an emotional one (involving being cared for and understood by the clinician) and a cognitive one (including the belief in the competence of the therapist to select and administer an effective treatment). Here we propose a model that describes three pathways through which the alliance creates benefits, named CARE (caring, attentive, real and empathic), EXPECTANCY, and SPECIFIC. Although research and clinical attention have mostly focused on the alliance between a clinician and a patient in face‐to‐face interactions, there is preliminary evidence concerning the alliance between patients and other clinic staff, systems of care, or the program in Internet‐mediated services. These new research areas clearly require further development.
Metabolic side effects in persons with schizophrenia during mid‐ to long‐term treatment with antipsychotics: a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Burschinski Angelika , Schneider‐Thoma Johannes , Chiocchia Virginia , Schestag Kristina , Wang Dongfang , Siafis Spyridon , Bighelli Irene , Wu Hui , Hansen Wulf‐Peter , Priller Josef , Davis John M. , Salanti Georgia , Leucht Stefan
Published: January 2023

Metabolic side effects of antipsychotic drugs can have serious health consequences and may increase mortality. Although persons with schizophrenia often take these drugs for a long time, their mid‐ to long‐term metabolic effects have been studied little so far. This study aimed to evaluate the mid‐ to long‐term metabolic side effects of 31 antipsychotics in persons with schizophrenia by applying a random‐effects Bayesian network meta‐analysis. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study‐Based Register of Trials (up to April 27, 2020) and PubMed (up to June 14, 2021). We included published and unpublished, open and blinded randomized controlled trials with a study duration >13 weeks which compared any antipsychotic in any form of administration with another antipsychotic or with placebo in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia. The primary outcome was weight gain measured in kilograms. Secondary outcomes included “number of participants with weight gain”, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We identified 137 eligible trials (with 35,007 participants) on 31 antipsychotics, with a median follow‐up of 45 weeks. Chlorpromazine produced the most weight gain (mean difference to placebo: 5.13 kg, 95% credible interval, CrI: 1.98 to 8.30), followed by clozapine (4.21 kg, 95% CrI: 3.03 to 5.42), olanzapine (3.82 kg, 95% CrI: 3.15 to 4.50), and zotepine (3.87 kg, 95% CrI: 2.14 to 5.58). The findings did not substantially change in sensitivity and network meta‐regression analyses, although enriched design, drug company sponsorship, and the use of observed case instead of intention‐to‐treat data modified the mean difference in weight gain to some extent. Antipsychotics with more weight gain were often also among the drugs with worse outcome in fasting glucose and lipid parameters. The confidence in the evidence ranged from low to moderate. In conclusion, antipsychotic drugs differ in their propensity to induce metabolic side effects in mid‐ to long‐term treatment. Given that schizophrenia is often a chronic disorder, these findings should be given more consideration than short‐term data in drug choice.
The future of psychopharmacology: a critical appraisal of ongoing phase 2/3 trials, and of some current trends aiming to de‐risk trial programmes of novel agents
Authors: Correll Christoph U. , Solmi Marco , Cortese Samuele , Fava Maurizio , Højlund Mikkel , Kraemer Helena C. , McIntyre Roger S. , Pine Daniel S. , Schneider Lon S. , Kane John M.
Published: January 2023

Despite considerable progress in pharmacotherapy over the past seven decades, many mental disorders remain insufficiently treated. This situation is in part due to the limited knowledge of the pathophysiology of these disorders and the lack of biological markers to stratify and individualize patient selection, but also to a still restricted number of mechanisms of action being targeted in monotherapy or combination/augmentation treatment, as well as to a variety of challenges threatening the successful development and testing of new drugs. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the most promising drugs with innovative mechanisms of action that are undergoing phase 2 or 3 testing for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety and trauma‐related disorders, substance use disorders, and dementia. Promising repurposing of established medications for new psychiatric indications, as well as variations in the modulation of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptor functioning, are also considered. We then critically discuss the clinical trial parameters that need to be considered in depth when developing and testing new pharmacological agents for the treatment of mental disorders. Hurdles and perils threatening success of new drug development and testing include inadequacy and imprecision of inclusion/exclusion criteria and ratings, sub‐optimally suited clinical trial participants, multiple factors contributing to a large/increasing placebo effect, and problems with statistical analyses. This information should be considered in order to de‐risk trial programmes of novel agents or known agents for novel psychiatric indications, increasing their chances of success.
Factors Influencing Users’ Content Sharing Intention in Travel-Related Consumer Generated Media
Authors: Li Jiao , Zhu Kaige , Jang Juhyeok
Published: January 2023

Travel-related consumer generated media (CGM) plays an increasingly important role in travelers’ decision-making process. Strenuous effort has been dedicated to explore CGM’s impact on users’ travel behaviors. However, little is known about the motivations that drive users to post information on travel-related CGM. By combining the technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and uses and gratifications theory (U&G), this study aims to delve into such motivational factors. The results revealed that users’ perceived ease of use when posting content significantly affects perceived usefulness. Additionally, users’ gratification derived from entertainment, information sharing, and rewards could positively influence their attitudes toward content sharing. Moreover, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perceived usefulness jointly determine users’ intention to use travel-related CGM for content sharing. However, the impacts of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, status-seeking, socializing, and passing time on their attitudes toward content sharing were insignificant. This study tests the possibility of combining the TAM, TPB, and U&G to expand their application in the field of travel-related CGM, and provides suggestions for travel-related CGM managers to improve their services.
Exploring the Possibility of Short-Form Travel Videos for Cross-Border Promotion in Rural Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China
Authors: Zhu Kaige , Li Jiao , Jang Juhyeok
Published: January 2023

The impacts of short-form travel videos (STVs) on destination marketing have been widely acknowledged in recent years. Although there have been many prior studies on short video platforms, the mechanism and research system of the impacts of travel contents in short-form videos on users are not clear. This study aims to reveal the possibilities of STVs in cross-border tourism promotion and to develop research models and survey methods applicable to research related to the contents of STVs. Therefore, a scenario-based experiment was designed using STVs related to Ganzi (甘孜) destination. The findings (N = 456) highlighted that users’ attitudes towards STVs have a direct impact on destination image and travel intention, while users’ emotional resonance (self-reference, sense of presence) and cognitive resonance (perceived esthetics, credibility, and entertainment) jointly determine users’ attitudes towards STVs. With the application of stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory as a basic framework, this study explains the influence mechanism of STVs. The possibility of cross-border promotion and destination image building in impoverished areas was explored using a scenario-based experiment.
Can TikTok Sound Enhance Tourism SMEs’ Engagement?
Authors: Wahid Risqo , Karjaluoto Heikki , Ukpabi Dandison , Taiminen Kimmo
Published: January 2023

This study explores the role of sound and its interaction with marketer-generated content (MGC) (i.e., emotional, informational, transactional) in influencing customer engagement (CE) (i.e., views and shares) in the context of tourism SMEs and TikTok. Content analysis was conducted to analyze data from 7 travel guide services in Indonesia. The final dataset comprised 660 TikTok videos, 4,092,289 views, and 10,920 shares. The results confirm that cover sound has no direct effect either on views or shares. Also, cover sound has no interaction effects with any MGC in impacting CE (i.e., views and shares). Individually, the MGC of emotional content has significant and positive effects on views, while informational and transactional posts have no significant effects on views. Further, transactional social media posts have significant and positive effects on shares, while informational and emotional posts have no significant effects on shares. Theoretically, this study expands content marketing and tourism CE literature by investigating factors driving CE in the context of tourism SMEs and TikTok. Practically, findings from this research can assist tourism SMEs in optimizing their content marketing strategies on TikTok.
Visual Social Media Communication of Italian Luxury Hotels and the Pandemic: An AI-Assisted Content Analysis
Authors: Minor Katarzyna , Mušanović Jelena , Dorčić Jelena , Bratec Miha
Published: January 2023

This study analyses the visual social media communication of Italian 5-star hotel brands to investigate whether it has changed over the course of COVID-19. An AI-based image content analysis approach was used to extract the most frequently ascribed labels from 2,439 collected photos of three consecutive year samples. The results of the performed content analysis show that the visual communication of the hotel brand is mainly focused on interior design and the natural environment, with the pandemic stimulating the use of the latter. The study contributes the literature by reinforcing the importance of relative consistency in luxury brand communication even in turbulent times.
What Makes People So Fond of Food Travel Vlogs? A Preliminary Study
Authors: Li Wenliang , Kim Yoo Ri , Scarles Caroline
Published: January 2023

The large consumption of food travel vlogs during the COVID-19 pandemic shows its potential for destination promotion. However, little research has been done on this video form. This study explores the difference in food travel vlogs, short videos, live videos, and DMO promotion videos (DPVs) and concludes four distinctive characteristics of food travel vlogs (storytelling, authenticity, intimacy, and presence) through 38 semi-structured interviews. A Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model-based conceptual framework is proposed to help understand the mechanism underlying the influence of food travel vlogs on travellers. This study hopes to provide theoretical and practical implications for destination management and vlogging practices.
Smart and Sustainable Destination Experiences: A Content Analysis on Finnish Tourism Experts’ Perspectives
Authors: Haanpää Minni , Hanni-Vaara Päivi
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses how Finnish tourism experts such as tourism entrepreneurs, destination management organizations (DMOs), development project personnel, and third-party organizations explain and shape the smartness of tourism destinations in Finland. We especially explore how the experts view the nexus of smartness and the experiences of tourists. The method used in this research is qualitative inductive content analysis. The preliminary findings show that the destinations aim to provide sustainable experiences with a balance between physical and digital services. However, the conditions such as scant mobility services and sometimes harsh nature conditions set challenges to developing smart tourism experiences. Smartness is still seen as a way to improve different aspects of social, cultural, and ecological sustainability.