bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Nitrobenzaldehyde Schiff base and Complexes
Authors: Akeredolu A , Adebusuyi F O , Adebayo-Tayo B C , Olalekan T E
Published: February 2025

The Schiff base (NL) was synthesized by the reaction between ethanolamine and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. The metal complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were obtained in an alcoholic KOH medium. The diagnostic H-C=N proton shift at 8.48 δ ppm confirmed the formation of the Schiff base ligand. The stoichiometry of the metal complexes was determined through the percentage metal content by EDTA titration. The infrared spectra suggested the chelation of the ligand through the ethanolamine oxygen as a monodentate ligand. The O-H band of the hydroxide ion was observed between 3650 and 3450 cm–1. The shift in n ® p* transition from 327 nm in the ligand spectrum to 337-347 nm in the complexes was ascribed to delocalisation of lone electrons to the aromatic ring upon coordination, while the metal ions were assigned to the octahedral geometry as shown by their visible bands. The in vitro antimicrobial potency of the compounds was investigated against ten microbial strains using the agar well diffusion method. The compounds were generally active against the bacterial and fungal cells, demonstrating a broad-spectrum while the Cu(II) complex has the largest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aure
Phytochemical, Minerals and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Trianthema portulacastrum (aizoaceae) Leaf extract
Authors: Okolo S C , Habila J D , Hamisu I
Published: February 2025

The leaf extracts of the plant was analyzed for its phytochemical, mineral and antimicrobial activities using the standard method. The Phytochemical constituent revealed the presence of tannins in all the solvent system used for extraction. Alkaloids and phenol were present in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extract but absent in ethanol extract. Flavonoids, cardiac glycoside and saponins were present in aqueous and ethanol extract. Terpenoids was absent in aqueous but present in the other solvent used. The proximate composition revealed carbohydrate has the highest percentage content of 21.24%, protein: 21.10%, Fibre: 18.40%, Ash: 17.82% while lipid and moisture content are 11.94% and 9.5% respectively.  The mineral composition in the leaf showed the contents (mg/g) as in order of Ca: 7.3303mg/g>K: 2.3297mg/g>Na: 1.3327mg/g>Mg: 0.7427mg/g>Fe: 0.6234mg/g>Mn: 0.2344mg/g>Cu: 0.0555mg/g>Zn: 0.0435mg/g>Cr: 0.0330mg/g>Pb: 0.0198mg/g>Ni: 0.0054>Cd: 0.0022mg/g The PPT/DCM/HP, FILT/DCM/HP, ETOA/HP and MTH/HP extract showed sensitivity in stephlococcus aureus, FILT/DCM/HP and MTH/HP are sensitive in Meth. resist staph aureous and Acinetobacter sp. The zone of inhibition against the test microorganisms occurred in the four (4) extract at 20mm, 20mm, 20mm and 22mm  for staphylococcus aureus and the extract, PPT/DCM/HP(24mm), FILT/DCM/HP(20mm) and MTH/HP) in streptococcus pneumonia and  PPT/DCM/HP(27mm), FILT/DCM/HP(20mm) and MTH/HP(20mm) for Acinetobacter sp. The results shows that the leaf extract plays significant role in the body metabolic system.
Dietary pattern and prevalence of overweight and obesity among undergraduates of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
Authors: Olojede Iskilu A. , Olalusi Oluwaseun M. , Okoruwa Juliet O. , Olajide Bolanle R. , Adebowale Agboola A. , Oladosu Gbenga S. , Onabanjo Oluseye O.
Published: February 2025

Background: Physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits are among the main behaviors that potentially have adverse effects on weight status in young adulthood and consequently, the future health of adults.Objective: The study investigated the dietary pattern and prevalence of overweight and obesity among undergraduate students at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive survey in design. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents. Instruments for data collection were questionnaires including 24-hour dietary recall, food frequency questionnaires, global physical activity questionnaires, and anthropometric tools. Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference were computed to determine the respondents' body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio respectively. Descriptive statistics were carried out on data collected with SPSSV20.0.Result: Respondents were between ages 16-29 years with mean and standard deviation age, height, weight, and BMI as 21.46 years ±2.30, 1.69m±0.08, 64.82kg±10.29 and 22.62kg/m2±3.48 respectively. The proportion of underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese were 9.7%, 69.0%, 18.3%, and 2.9% respectively. 26.0% of respondents had abdominal obesity. 60.7% engaged in high physical activities. 25.6%, 10.7%, and 63.7% had inadequate, adequate, and excess energy/calorie intake relative to RDA. Cumulative weekly most consumed foods were pasta, sugar, biscuits, garri, etc., and low intake of fruits and legumes.
Nutrient/antinutrient composition and sensory evaluation of breakfast cereal produced from blends of maize, millet, acha with soybean, crayfish and catfish
Authors: Mosuro A.O. , Bodunde I.O. , Adesina O.O. , Owolabi K.P. , Omoyosi M.A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Breakfast is an important meal of the day used to end the long night fast. Compared to the same amount eaten at night, breakfast seems to be used more effectively. It provides the fuel needed to start up daily activities.Objective: This study was designed to develop, and evaluate the nutritional, anti-nutritional, and sensory properties of gruel made from maize, millet, acha, soyabean, crayfish, and catfish.Methods: Three composite samples (YSCC=50% yellow maize: 25% soybeans: 12.5% crayfish: 12.5% catfish, MSCC = 50% millet : 25% soy beans: 12.5 % crayfish : 12.5% catfish, and ASCC = 50% Acha: 25% soybeans: 12.5% crayfish: 12.5%catfish) and the control (Control = 100% maize) were assayed to determine the nutritional and anti-nutrient composition and sensory attributes.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the crude protein and crude fibre contents among the four samples. The mineral composition showed significant differences (p<0.05) in potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus contents among all four samples. Furthermore, anti-nutritional factors showed that ASCC had the lowest mean values of phytate (0.18±0.02mg/g), tannin (0.38±0.03mg/g) and oxalate (0.18±0.02mg/g) contents while MSCC had the highest mean values of tannin (0.57±0.02mg/g), trypsin inhibitor (0.89±0.14mg/g) and oxalate (0.27±0.01 mg/g) contents. The sensory evaluation indicated that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) among the four blends in terms of taste attributes. Control scored the highest in terms of overall acceptability followed by ASCC.Conclusion: Gruel blends produced in this study had good nutritional profile, sensory qualities, and compared favourably with the control sample (yellow maize only).
Nutritional, in-vitro digestibility and organoleptic properties of homemade complementary foods formulated from pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum], sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas] and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus] seed flour blends
Authors: Ijarotimi Oluwole Steve , Akinrinmade Remilekun , Olatunde Titilope Saidat , Olotu Damilola Eunice
Published: February 2025

Background: Traditional infant diet is characterized with low protein-energy density, hence, predisposes children to high morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to develop high protein-energy density complementary foods from local food materials.Methods: Pearl millet grains (P), sweet potato tubers (S) (sliced into chips and blanched), and watermelon seeds (W) were washed with distilled water, drained, oven dried, and milled into fine flour. These flour samples were blended to obtain PSW10 [65:25:10], PSW20 [60:20:20], PSW30 [55:15:30], and PSW40 [50:10:40]; while PSF [70% pear millet & 30% Sweet potato] and commercial formula were the control samples. Chemical composition, functional properties, protein/starch digestibility, sensory attributes were evaluated using standard methods. Data were analysed using Statistical software package. Data were expressed as means (±SD), and means were separated by the New Duncan Multiple Range Test at P<0.05.Results: Protein and energy value of the complementary foods ranged from 7.87 to 16.57 g/100g and 399.41 to 417.58 kCal/100g, respectively. Essential minerals like calcium, phosphorous, iron, and zinc were present in appreciable amount, while Ca/P and Na/K ratios were within the recommended values. In-vitro starch and protein digestibility values ranged from 59.51 to 73.57% and 71.03 to 81.29, respectively. Phytochemical in the samples were within tolerable levels. For overall acceptability, PSW30 [55% pear millet,15% sweet potato, 30% watermelon seed] was rated highest among experimental samples, but insignificantly [p<0.05] lower than the control samples.Conclusion: The study established that PSW40exhibited best nutritional quality, and therefore suitable as a good substitute for low protein-energy dense local complementary foods.
Phytochemical profile, proximate composition and utilization of Garcinia Kola in Ikwuano LGA of Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Kuyik Solomon Abasiekong , Arukwe Dorothy Chinomnso , Okudu Henry , Eze Georgina
Published: February 2025

Background: Garcinia kola is utilized locally based on traditional knowledge which is at the risk of being lost due to modern lifestyle necessitating documentation and more research.Objective: To determine the phytochemical profile, proximate composition and utilization of Garcinia kola in Ikwuano LGA of Abia State.Methods: Survey design was adopted for assessment of utilization using questionnaires administered to 156 respondents sampled across Ndoro, Ariam and Oloko strata of Ikwuano via stratified random sampling, while the leaves, barks, roots and seeds were analyzed for phytochemical and proximate composition using standard analytical methods. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and descriptive statistics.Results: Results showed that the highest number of respondents were female (64.1%), married (61.5%), aged 41–50 years (42.3%) and business men/women (51.9%). Meanwhile, the seeds were the most utilized with 100% of the respondents using it for medicinal (80.1%) and other purposes (19.9%); but the majority of the respondents never used the leaves (66.6%), bark (59.6%) and roots (50.6%) for any purpose. The leaves (33.4%) were the least utilized. Results also revealed that the seeds had the highest (p<0.05) moisture (14.76%), and protein (2.89%) while the roots had the highest (p<0.05) fibre (27.06%), ash (3.05%) and fat (6.06%). Only the seeds had all the phytochemicals detected with its flavonoids (2.10 g/100g), saponins (2.13 g/100g) and glycosides (3.26 g/100g) ranking the highest (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study suggests that Garcinia kola particularly the seeds are utilized for various purposes especially medicine as affirmed by their phytochemical composition.
Thermal, functional, and pasting characteristics of flours from selected millet varieties in Nigeria
Authors: Adegoke Adekola , Oyedara Jesutomi , Hussein Jelili , Omohimi Celestina , Omidiran Adebukola , Ebenezer John , Olatundun Kajihausa , Adekoyeni Oludare , Adebowale Abdul-rasaq , Oke Moruf
Published: February 2025

Background: Africans have found millet as a source of plant-based protein and energy. Substitution of other high demand cereals with millets can prove useful as they can improve health and decrease the risks of diseases..
Objective: Proximate, thermal, functional, and pasting properties of millet flours from selected varieties (pearl, finger, kodo and teff) were investigated using standard analytical methods to provide information on their functionalities.
Methods: Pearl, finger, kodo and teff millets were sourced from local markets and processed into flours. The flours were produced using standard procedures, and their samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The results of the analyses were subjected to Analysis of Variance at a significance level of 5% using SPSS.
Results: The proximate composition of the flour samples from the varieties ranged between 5.83-6.87% for moisture content, 1.23-2.50% ash, 2.00-5.33% crude fat, 7.66- 10.29% crude protein, 0.61- 0.81% crude fibre, and 76.50-81.57% carbohydrate. Thermophysical properties of the flours values were specific heat o o capacity (171.73-172.43 kJ/kg C), thermal conductivity (25.11-25.96 W/m C) and thermal diffusivity (0.11-0.13 m²/s). Functional properties of the millet flour were bulk density (1.11-1.31 g/ml), oil absorption capacity(57.00-80.60%), water absorption capacity (0.80-0.94 g/g), dispersibility (37.67-40.3%), swelling power (8.12-9.41%) and solubility (12.67-16.00%). The pasting properties of millet flours were peak viscosity (1126-1946 RVU), trough (903-1848 RVU), final viscosity (1212-1958 RVU), setback viscosity (110-390 RVU), o pasting time (6.43-6.93 minutes) and pasting temperature (78.80-90.58 C), respectively.
Conclusion: The quality characteristics of the flours showed good nutrient composition, potential for value addition and improved functionality of millet-based food products.
Effects of mixed fungal fermentation in improving the nutritional value of maize (Zee Mays) cobs
Authors: Olagunju Abbas , Onyike Elewechi , Ameh Danladi Amadu , Atawodi Sunday Eleojo , Sallau Balarabe Abdullahi
Published: February 2025

Background: Fungal fermentation could provide a key opportunity for achieving great benefits of biomass utilization through bioconversion into the simple digestible nutrients and greatly improve nutritive value.Objective: Mixed fungal fermentation of maize cobs was carried out to determine the effects on nutrients and antinutrients compositions.Methods: Maize cobs samples were pretreated with sodium hydroxide and solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried with single and a consortium of four fungi; Lachnocladium flavidum Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, and Lenzites betulina for 7 days under standard conditions. Proximate composition, amino acid, mineral and antinutrient analysis were conducted on fermented and unfermented cobs. Differences and variabilities in groups were analyzed with the aid of Statistical software Package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 24.Results: Fermentation of cobs was found to have significantly increased the protein (9.10±0.85g/100g) and ash contents (5.60±0.05g/100g), while decreasing the fiber content (21.00± 0.10g/100g). The mineral levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in potassium, sodium and calcium ions. The levels of some antinutrients were significantly reduced (p<0.05); phytate (8.91±0.50mg/100g), saponin (1.84±0.26mg/100g) and flavonoids (1.99±0.12mg/100g). The total amino acid content increased in most fermented cultures, with mixed culture of L. flavidum/ T. reesei having the most significant increase. Amino acid analysis revealed significant increases in essential amino acids Histidine, Leucine and Valine while Alanine, Aspartic and Glutamic acid were among the noticeable increases in non-essential amino acids.Conclusion: The effects of fermentation on the nutrient and antinutrient composition of maize cobs have been demonstrated. With further studies, maize cobs can serve as a good addition in animal feed production.
Evaluation of the effects of drying methods on the nutritional composition of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) Fruits
Authors: Baiyeri S.O.
Published: February 2025

Background: There are huge on-farm losses of Corchorus olitorius fruit due to poor awareness of its nutritional potentials. Postharvest losses of Corchorus fruit occur in Nigerian communities due to poor postharvest handling and lack of effective processing methods. There is need for a sustainable processing method that extends the shelf-life of Corchorus fruit without reducing its nutritional qualities.Objective: This study investigated the effects of various drying methods on the nutritional composition of Corchorus fruit.Materials and methods: Tender and fresh Corchorus fruits from a Corchorus evaluation field located at Ikole-Ekiti, Nigeria were collected. The fibous points of attachment of the fruits to the plants were cut off. The oven dried, sundried, air dried and fresh Corchorus fruit samples were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The data from the laboratory analyses were subjected to analysis of variance using the R Statistical software.Results: The vitamins, minerals and proximate composition of the Corchorus fruits were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the various drying methods. Sun drying resulted in the highest concentrations of vitamins B3, B5, B6, C, and E and crude protein. Oven-dried samples had the highest concentrations of minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, manganese and phosphorus) evaluated except sodium. Air dried Corchorus fruits had the highest concentration of ash and bre. Fresh Corchorus fruits had the lowest concentration of all the nutritional parameters evaluated except vitamin B1.Conclusion: Sun-drying, air-drying and oven-drying can be used in extending the shelf-life of fresh Corchorus fruits without negatively affecting its nutritional qualities.
Faisabilité de la production du coton biologique au Cameroun : essai de fertilisation organique
Authors: Oumarou Yakouba , Magouedek Desiré Kesseo Todou , Wassouo Felix Alain , Dapsia Jackson Djakbe , Mohamadou Alidou
Published: February 2025

Description du sujet: Au Cameroun, le coton est produit selon un système de culture conventionnel, caractérisé par l’apport  systématique d’intrants chimiques. Avec la prise de conscience croissante des risques que ces produits peuvent générer pour  l'environnement, des arguments sont de plus en plus avancés en faveur d’une production biologique du coton.
Objectifs: L’objectif de  cette étude est d’identifier les fertilisants organiques utilisables dans le système de culture biologique du coton.
Méthodes: L’étude a été  conduit dans deux localités de la zone cotonnière du Cameroun. Le dispositif expérimental était en blocs de Fisher avec cinq (5)  traitements (Compost ; Tourteau de neem ; Terre de parc à bétail ; NPK 20-10-10 + Urée à 46 % de N et le Témoin sans fertilisation).  L’essais a été répété trois fois. Les paramètres de croissance (diamètre au collet, taille de la plante et nombre de branches fructifères) et  de rendement (nombre moyen de capsules par plante et rendement en coton-graine) ainsi que les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du  sol ont été mesurés.
Résultats: Les résultats obtenus ont montré que sur les deux sites, le pH du sol qui été modérément acide a évolué vers la neutralité. Les taux du carbone organique, de la matière organique, la teneur en azote, en magnésium, en potassium et la  somme des bases échangeables ont été aussi améliorées. Par ailleurs, les fertilisants organiques utilisés ont significativement et  positivement influencé les paramètres de croissance mesurés et les paramètres de rendement sur les deux sites. Parmi ces fertilisants,  c’est le tourteau de Neem qui a induit les meilleurs résultats avec des rendements de 1355,57 kg/ha contre 712,68 kg/ha sur la parcelle  témoin à Dolla et 3377,10 kg/ha contre 1955,56 kg/ha sur la parcelle témoin à Zokok-Ladéo.
Conclusion: Ces résultats suggèrent que ces  fertilisants organiques et plus particulièrement le Tourteau de Neem peuvent être utilisés dans le système de culture biologique du coton  au Cameroun.
Perceptions et accessibilité des adolescents et jeunes aux services de santé sexuelle et reproductive dans la ville de Bouaké en Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Affou Koné Nochiami , Hamed Coulibaly Sonan
Published: February 2025

Les adolescents et jeunes qui représentent plus de 23% de la population ivoirienne, prennent des décisions qui mettent leur vie en danger. Ainsi, les IST/VIH/SIDA, les grossesses non désirées, les avortements à risques et les complications obstétricales menacent fortement leur santé sexuelle et reproductive. Les adolescents et jeunes de la ville de Bouaké ne sont pas épargnés, en plus des effets de la crise politico-militaire qu’a connu cette ville et sa position géographique (au centre de la Côte d’Ivoire) le taux prévalence du VIH/SIDA et celui des grossesses précoces reste élevé. Pour prévenir et pallier cette situation, l’Etat a créé les Services de Santé Universitaires-Santé Adolescents et Jeunes (SSU-SAJ), anciennement appelés médico-scolaires. Les SSU-SAJ sont des établissements sanitaires équipés pour fournir des services adaptés en matière de santé sexuelle et reproductive aux adolescents et jeunes. Cependant, on dénote un faible taux de fréquentation de ces centres de santé par les adolescents et jeunes dans la ville de Bouaké. En adoptant une démarche mixte, nous avons interrogé 250 adolescents et jeunes de la ville de Bouaké. Il ressort de notre étude que l’existence des SSU-SAJ est encore méconnue par un grand nombre d’adolescents et jeunes (73%) et que certains facteurs comme la honte (75%) et la peur (58,8%) empêchent ces derniers de fréquenter ces centres de santé. Les adolescents et jeunes parlent de sexualité avec leurs amis (60%) et 36% d’entre eux font des recherches sur internet quand ils ont besoin d’informations. Communiquer sur l’existence des SSU-SAJ, offrir des services adaptés, avec des personnels formés, un accueil chaleureux et une confidentialité garantie assurera la fréquentation des SSU-SAJ.
Processus d’universalisation de la Couverture santé au Sénégal : enquête sur la « CMU- Élève » à Ziguinchor (Sénégal)
Authors: Aguibou DIALLO Mamadou
Published: February 2025

Depuis 2005 avec l’élaboration de la Stratégie Nationale de la Protection Sociale, le Sénégal est dans une dynamique d’extension de l’assurance santé. Cette extension est facilitée par la mise en place du programme national de la Couverture Maladie Universelle (CMU) en 2013. La CMU cible les populations à faibles revenus, les acteurs du secteur informel, les artistes, les indigents et tous ceux qui sont hors du système de sécurité sociale. C’est dans ce cadre qu’il faut comprendre la création en 2017 de la CMU-Élève qui est une innovation qui permet aux élèves et aux apprenants de bénéficier d’une assurance à travers les mutuelles de santé communautaire. Pour mieux analyser et comprendre l’adhésion à la CMU par les élèves de la commune de Ziguinchor, nous avons mobilisé les méthodes et techniques quantitatives avec une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 264 élèves dans les cinq lycées de la Commune. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que le taux d’adhésion à la CMU-Élève est très faible (8%) dans les Lycées de la Commune de Ziguinchor. Aussi, l’enquête révèle, d’une part, qu’il y a peu de lycéens qui connaissent la CMU-Élève à Ziguinchor, et d’autre part qu’il n’y pas de liens entre l’adhésion à la couverture maladie universelle et les facteurs classiques comme le niveau de vie et la santé. Pour une adhésion massive et durable des élèves à la CMU, il serait pertinent de trouver une alternative au volontariat en association l’adhésion à l’inscription.
web-based GIS application to optimize the customer onboarding for a utility company
Authors: Munywoki Margaret N. , Singh Kaveer
Published: February 2025

A web-based GIS application was envisioned to optimize Kenya Power and Lighting Company’s (KPLC) existing internal manual paper-based workflow process for new electricity customer connections in Mombasa County. The web-based GIS application was developed using the waterfall methodology which follows a sequential and systematic flow of processes. The web-based GIS application was named Jiconnect Web App. It could streamline the online customer registration process for power supply to their premises. Jiconnect was used to optimize workflow for onboarding new electricity customers. It was tested in various constituencies of Mombasa to ensure that it was functional and reliable. The potential integration of Jiconnect with existing internal manual paper-based workflow indicated that the web-based GIS application could benefit KPLC because it offered a cost-effective solution that saves time and resources.
Study Relation between Female Workers’ History and Their Knowledge About Breast Cancer, Breast-Self-Examination and Preventive Measures
Authors: Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast cancer incidence is significantly higher in patients with a family history, attributed to epigenetic modifications and environmental triggers, regardless of age. Aim: study relation between female workers’ history and their knowledge about breast cancer, breast-self-examination and preventive measures.

Subjects and Methods: A study of 323 Beni-Suef University working women was conducted, focusing on various faculties, from December 2023 to May 2024. Tools: Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet and Tool II: women’s knowledge about breast cancer, breast self-examination and breast cancer preventive measures.

Results: 70.0% of females do not have breast problems, 33.0% have discharge issues, 48.3% of them were unaware of how to perform breast self-examination and 74.9% of them did not practice it. Moreover, 73.1% didn’t have a family history of breast cancer and 44.9% get information about breast cancer from social media. Regarding total knowledge level about breast cancer, breast self-examination and breast cancer preventive measures (71.80%, 24.2%, 4%) with the following levels: poor, average and good, respectively.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that no statistically significant relation between family history of breast cancer, having a mammogram and history of breast problems of the studied female workers and their total knowledge about breast cancer, breast self-examination and breast cancer preventive measures.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POPULATION DENSITY OF GALBA TRUNCATULA SNAIL (MÜLLER, 1774) IN HABITATS OF TELEORMAN COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: Tudor Poliana , Tăpăloagă Dana
Published: February 2025

Galba truncatula is a widespread gastropod, showing great adaptability and the ability to populate different types of habitats. The aim of this study to identify habitats populated by G. truncatula in two localities in the South of Teleorman County where ruminants are raised, as well as to establish the density of this gastropod in the identified habitats. Two areas were randomly established in each locality, of 10 m2 each, from where specimens of G. truncatula were collected. The density estimation was performed using the method of counting the number of snails in an area of 1 m2 in a unit of time. A number of 1761 specimens were collected from the 4 assessed habitats, and the density of snails varied from 20 to 71 specimens/m2. Of all the examined quadrats, 60% recorded a density >40 specimens/m2. No quadrat was recorded with a density <10 specimens/m2, which proves that the evaluated habitats present optimal conditions for the development of the G. truncatula population.
The first Spanish Portland cement factories (from 1894 to 1907)
Authors: Puche Riart Octavio , Mazadiego Martínez Luis F.
Published: February 2025

The portland cement began to be manufactured in Spain at the end of the 19th century, later than in neighbouring countries, due to the immaturity of the industrial fabric and thelack of investment. In all the research referring to this type of artificial cement, it is stated that the Tudela Veguín factory was the first to produce it in the year 1898. However, as shown in this paper, before there were other initiatives in our country that have passed unnoticed and have been forgotten, perhaps because in most cases their projects had a short journey, without managing to gain a foothold, either due to lack of financial support or poor market planning. These pioneering companies, in the case of those located near Tortosa (Tarragona), Figueras (Gerona), Huelva, Quinto de Ebro (Zaragoza) or Puerto Real (Cádiz), took precedence over the large national cement groups, such as Tudela Veguín (Asturias), Rezola (Guipuzcoa), ASLAND (Barcelona), Fradera (Barcelona), etc., which would emerge around 1900. This article analyzes the main portland cement factories that were founded in Spain from the end
of the 19th century to 1907, concentrated, if not all then most, in the Cantabrian coast, the
Catalan zone and the central plateau. The families that owned these industries made great
fortunes and some of them have survived to this day. In order to structure the chronology of
these pioneering factories as correctly as possible, they will be described according to
geographical and temporal criteria.
Analisis Yuridis Kepatuhan Masyarakat dalam Pembayaran Pajak Daerah di Wilayah Cianjur Dikaitkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah
Authors: Mia Amalia  , Muammad Zenal Muttakin  , Muhamad Farhan Akbar  , Hari Kurniawan  , Andi Sobandi R.M  , Faishal Prawira Dinata  , M Munif Naufal F  , Windu Arta Mahesa
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepatuhan masyarakat dalam pembayaran pajak daerah terhadap peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) di Kabupaten Cianjur, mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan masyarakat, serta upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan membayar pajak. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan data yang dikumpulkan dari sumber primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 memberikan kerangka kebijakan yang jelas dalam hubungan keuangan pusat dan daerah, tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat masih perlu ditingkatkan. Beberapa hambatan dan faktor penghambat ditemukan, seperti kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang manfaat pajak dan lemahnya sosialisasi kebijakan. Upaya intensif yang lebih baik diperlukan dari pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah melalui pajak.
The Effects of Full-Scale Military Conflicts on the Labour Market: Impact on Employment and Unemployment
Authors: Zub Mariia , Atamanska Svitlana , Turenko Vitalii , Krymchak Liudmyla , Rebryk Petro
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study aims to determine the relationships between military conflict and the labour market and assess its impact on the socio-economic situation of the population. The object of the study is the impact of military conflict on the labour market. It means that the study is focused on examining and analysing how military events and conflicts affect employment and unemployment levels.
 
Theoretical Framework: In this study, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are the socio-economic impacts of military conflicts on the employment market. These frameworks provide a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation and developing effective socio-economic recovery strategies.
 
Method: The research is based on statistical data analysis, allowing for objective conclusions about the consequences of military conflict on the labour market. Comparative analysis: comparing the labour market before and after the military conflict and using economic modelling to forecast possible consequences of the military conflict on the labour market and to develop socio-economic recovery strategies.
 
Results and Discussion: The results show that military conflict significantly affects employment and unemployment levels, which can exacerbate socio-economic problems in the conflict zone. The study's practical significance lies in considering these factors when developing employment and socio-economic development policies in conflict conditions. The results of the study can be helpful for government agencies, international organisations, and public organisations involved in social protection and labour market development issues in conflict conditions.
Hybrid Work Models, Employee Productivity: The Mediating Role of Digital Transformation at Jordans it Sector in the Context of (SDGs)
Authors: Al-Tarawneh Ramzi M. , Al-sheyyab Yasser Mohammad , Laila Hanadi Lutfi Abu
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of hybrid work model in Employee Productivity. Exploring the mediating role of digital transformation in enhancing this impact in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 
Design/methodology/approach: Utilizing a quantitative-analytical approach. using a specially designed survey. A simple random sample consists of 153 managers at JITC.
 
Findings: The findings reveal that the hybrid work model, encompassing remote-first, occasional office presence, and office-first remote allowed arrangement, significantly effects employee productivity. Additionally, digital transformation partially enhances the effects of hybrid work model in employee productivity. Hhybrid work model does not significantly influence digital transformation. Digital transformation, however, has a significantly effects on employee productivity at JITC in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 
Research Limitation: The results of this study must be viewed very carefully, bearing in mind some limitations. Whether it is related to the study population, which is a very homogeneous professional community, limited to one country, Jordan, is probably difficult to accurately describe, in addition to some limitations of this type of applied research and related to methodology. All required measurements of error and fit described in the relevant literature applied in this research have been made, and we can never be confident enough in the strength of conclusions and in minimizing errors and random effects.
 
Research implications: This study is distinguished by the importance of its subject, dimensions, and the specificity of its community. It provides a general framework that enriches the Jordanian library in particular, and the Arab and global libraries in general. This study serves as a starting point for further future research, offering a new research perspective and a comprehensive understanding of the link between the components of the hybrid work model and their impact on employee productivity, while emphasizing the role of digital transformation technologies in enhancing job productivity levels.
 
Practical implications: The practical implications lie in the importance of its results and their impact on organizational trends and decision-makers, including managers and practitioners. The study guides them towards integrating hybrid work models into their operations, adopting policies that support this approach, and taking organizational measures to enhance employee productivity. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of using digital technologies and communication systems, as well as data exchange and analysis, to achieve sustainable improvements in job productivity and overall organizational performance.
Economic Strengthening After the COVID-19 Pandemic Disaster Through Internet E-Commerce: SDG Study for Economic Growth After Pandemic Disaster
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Hilmy , Ariadi Septi , Arif Lukman
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to explore government strategies for economic strengthening post-COVID-19 by leveraging the internet and emphasizing the urgency of developing independent e-commerce systems as a foundation for a digital economy.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study draws upon concepts of digital transformation, Industry 4.0 technologies, and Society 5.0, which integrate technological innovation with societal needs. The framework emphasizes digital literacy, advanced technology adoption, and regulatory strategies to foster sustainable economic growth In Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) area.
 
Method: A qualitative approach using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was employed to gather insights from various stakeholders. This method facilitated an in-depth understanding of social and economic dynamics relevant to internet utilization and e-commerce development.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings highlight five critical strategies for the government: improving digital services, adopting cutting-edge technologies (AI, Big Data, IoT), enhancing human resource digital literacy, integrating industrial modernization, and encouraging financial technology. Additionally, the study underscores the need for an independent e-commerce system, named SADE (E-Commerce Trade Application System), to empower local MSMEs and reduce dependence on foreign platforms.
 
Research Implications: The results provide actionable insights for policymakers to design inclusive digital frameworks and for MSMEs to embrace digital tools for market expansion. The study emphasizes the need for digital literacy initiatives to enable equitable access to digital transformation benefits.
 
Originality/Value: This research bridges technology, economy, and policy perspectives to propose innovative solutions for economic recovery. The unique focus on independent e-commerce development offers a practical roadmap for achieving digital economic resilience and advancing Society 5.0 principles.
Effect of Environmental Awareness and the Factors Influencing Millennials’ Purchase Intention of Sustainable Electronic Products in Metro Manila
Authors:   University of Santo Tomas & Espana, Manila, Philippines, Lansang Rhanny D. , Dimaculangan Ernesto D. ,   University of Santo Tomas & Espana, Manila, Philippines
Published: February 2025

In recent years, severe economic expansion and overconsumption have deteriorated the environment. The study aimed to determine the effect of environmental awareness and identify the factors influencing the Millennials' purchase intention. The research seeks to address existing gaps by utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Consumption Values as its theoretical framework. This study incorporates additional variables, including environmental awareness, habits, and low awareness of sustainable electronic products to comprehensively understand the subject matter. The study utilized the causal research design and the purposive sampling method to select 449 Millennials aged 27-42 from Manila, Quezon City, Pasay, and Muntinlupa. Quantitative data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study confirms the significant effect of environmental awareness on Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Purchase Intention. Furthermore, conditional and epistemic values were also considered a motivation for shaping purchase intention. The results show that Millennials understand the environmental issues and recognize the need for proactive efforts to support sustainable initiatives. Consumers generally exhibit positive attitudes and intentions regarding sustainable products. Therefore, businesses, manufacturers, policymakers, and marketers must increase their efforts to promote awareness of the consumption of sustainable electronic products. This can be achieved through advertising and effective marketing strategies such as offering discounts, cash-back schemes, and highlighting the benefits of the products that will motivate the consumers to consider adopting this product into their lifestyle.
Influence of Teachers’ Attitude on Pupils Reading Readiness in Low-Cost Private Multi-Grade Pre-Primary Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Oketch Violet , Mugo Juliet , Mweru Maureen
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Reading is the foundation of all learning, essential for comprehending information across all subjects. Preparing pupils for reading depends significantly on teacher attitude, among other factors. Despite this understanding, poor reading performance is a global concern. This study assessed the influence of teachers’ attitudes on pupils’ reading readiness, specifically in low-cost private multi-grade preschools. The focus was on this foundational level of reading and future learning, examining how teachers manage mixed-ability and mixed-age groups.
Methodology: Guided by bandura’s (1977) social learning theory, this study employed a correlational design. Simple random sampling was used to select a 15% sample (50 schools, teachers, and head teachers) from 350 low-cost private multi-grade pre-primary schools. Data were collected via questionnaires and interview schedules. Instrument validity was ensured by aligning content with research objectives, and reliability was established using the split-half technique (coefficient of 0.7). Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings: The study found a statistically significant relationship between teacher attitude and pupils’ reading readiness (r = 0.042, p < 0.05).
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that school management implement regular training programs for teachers in multi-grade pre-primary schools and improve teacher remuneration.
How Media Representation Shapes Perceptions of Feminist Discourses:
Authors: Kukreja Mannat
Published: February 2025

This essay uses creative writing and Indian culture to explore the interplay between media representation and generational perceptions of feminist discourses. While opening each subsection with a stanza of original poetry, I focus on gender roles, slut-shaming, Gen-Z anti-feminism, and the evolving landscape of India's unique brand of feminism. My analysis unveils how the previously mentioned aspects depict contemporary feminist attitudes. Furthermore, this research explores the role of media in perpetuating anti-feminist sentiments. Collectively, my research contributes a nuanced, contemporaneous perspective to the developing discourse of women of color feminism.
The Great Juvenile Arrest Drop in Florida
Authors: Capers Marshae , Renno-Santos Mateus
Published: February 2025

Scholars suggest that there has been an international crime decline since the 1990s. Although prior literature has explored trends and factors that may be contributing to the overall crime decline, there is limited literature on crime trends among juveniles. This study analyzes arrest trends of juveniles from 2010-2020 in Florida in comparison to adults, and to the trends of neighboring states Georgia and Alabama. This study utilizes official data from different crime reporting agencies such as the United States Bureau of Justice Statistics, Florida Department of Law Enforcement, and the FBI Uniform Crime Report to assess the arrest trends among juveniles in Florida from 2010-2020 and compared the trends to those in neighboring states, Georgia and Alabama. The results indicate that there was a strong and gradual decline in arrests among juveniles in the designated years, for an overall decline of 68.33% between 2010 and 2020. We observe a comparable decline for adults, though it was weaker at 56.25% and less gradual. Though Alabama had its own trend, the juvenile arrest decline in Florida was nearly the same as in Georgia, except for the years of 2019-2020 when Georgia’s decline was steeper. We found evidence that the juvenile arrest decline in Florida has been a gradual process, likely linked to gradual underlying causes, instead of a sudden policy shock. Similar trends were found among adults in Florida, and among juveniles in Georgia, suggesting that these trends could have the same driver. We discuss possible causes and implications considering existing literature.
The Evolution of Palliative Care: A Social Paradigm
Authors: Discala Paul
Published: February 2025

Indisputably, palliative care practices within the United States embellish modifications contingent upon societal apprehensions regarding death and the dying process. Further, these malleable societal attitudes are heavily influenced by geopolitical catalysts such as world health crises and periods of armed conflict that result in mass casualties. As a direct result, rapid advancements to comfort care practices are established for patients experiencing discomfort from chronic ailments that may impede upon an amicable dying process. As such, a thorough examination of previously published research will demonstrate these fluctuations to the generalized public attitudes of morbidity in conjunction with the progressive degrees of value and importance given to those who have departed. The resulting increase in compassion given to such individuals in the final stages of life consequently stimulates advancements made to future healthcare related practices and technologies. Ultimately, this research aims to explore the key historical catalysts that have altered the societal and cultural perceptions towards death and dying, in correlation to the quality and effectiveness of palliative medical care over time. The subsequent findings will contribute to the general existing body of knowledge regarding palliative care interventions, providing standardized insights into the historic evolutions and current challenges to the implementation of palliative care interventions within the United States.
Role of Education in Controlling the HIV Epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Guin Aarushi
Published: February 2025

More than 40 years since the beginning, the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be one of the biggest global health challenges, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing the largest impact of this disease. This paper explores the potential role of lower levels of education in contributing to the HIV prevalence disparity between sub-Saharan Africa and other regions. Through a thorough review of the literature, and an analysis of published datasets, this paper investigates the relationship between education levels and HIV prevalence rates, illustrating the critical influence of education on health outcomes. The analysis reveals a compelling negative correlation between education levels and HIV prevalence, underscoring the urgency of targeted interventions to address educational inequalities and promote HIV literacy. This paper emphasizes the importance of addressing educational disparities as a key strategy in the fight against HIV/AIDS. It provides insights into potential pathways for intervention, advocating for approaches that combine education, healthcare, and community engagement to achieve progress. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discussion on public health interventions, offering recommendations to improve health outcomes and reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world.
The Evolution of Capsaicin in Chili Peppers
Authors: Sunil Advik , Javaheri Darian
Published: February 2025

This review paper will cover the role of capsaicin in the evolution of chili peppers and analyze the evolutionary advantages. Subsequently, the early evolutionary origins of this chemical deterrent are also recognized and how this may apply to the medical field, in terms of treatments. The role of natural selection as well as selective breeding are covered and how chili peppers have spread across the world over the years is studied. Finally, this paper looks at how innovation and technology has accelerated the evolution of these peppers, with new varieties that satisfy consumer preferences.