bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluxes and sources of nutrient and trace metal atmospheric deposition in the northwestern Mediterranean
Authors: Desboeufs Karine , Bon Nguyen Elisabeth , Chevaillier Servanne , Triquet Sylvain , Dulac François
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Total atmospheric deposition was collected on a weekly basis over 3.5 years
(March 2008–October 2011) at a remote coastal site on the west coast of
Corsica. Deposition time series of macro- and micronutrients (N, P,
Si, Fe) and trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) are investigated in
terms of variability and source apportionment (from fluxes of proxies for
aerosol sources (Al, Ti, Ca, Na, Mg, S, Sr, K, Pb)). The highest fluxes are
recorded for Si, P, and Fe for nutrients and Zn and Mn for trace
metals. For the majority of elements, data show some weeks with high
episodic fluxes, except for N, Cr, and V, which present the lowest
variability. A total of 12 intense mineral dust deposition events are identified
during the sampling period. The contribution of these events to the fluxes
of Fe and Si represents 52 % and 57 % of their total fluxes,
respectively, confirming the important role of these sporadic dust events in
the inputs of these elements in the Mediterranean. For N and P, the
contribution of these intense dust deposition events is lower and reaches
10 % and 15 %, respectively. Out of these most intense events, positive matrix
factorization (PMF) was applied to our total deposition database in order to
identify the main sources of nutrients and trace metals deposited. Results
show that P deposition is mainly associated with anthropogenic biomass burning
inputs. For N deposition, inputs associated with marine sources (maybe
associated with the reaction of anthropogenic N on NaCl particles) and
anthropogenic sources are quasi-similar. A good correlation is obtained
between N and S fluxes, supporting a common origin associated with
inorganic secondary aerosol, i.e., ammonium sulfate. For trace metals, their
origin is very variable: with a large contribution of natural dust sources
for Ni or Mn and conversely of anthropogenic sources for V and Zn.
Atmospheric oxidation in the presence of clouds during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) study
Authors: Brune William H. , Ren Xinrong , Zhang Li , Mao Jingqiu , Miller David O. , Anderson Bruce E. , Blake Donald R. , Cohen Ronald C. , Diskin Glenn S. , Hall Samuel R. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Huey L. Gregory , Nault Benjamin A. , Peischl Jeff , Pollack Ilana , Ryerson Thomas B. , Shingler Taylor , Sorooshian Armin , Ullmann Kirk , Wisthaler Armin , Wooldridge Paul J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Deep convective clouds are critically important to the distribution of
atmospheric constituents throughout the troposphere but are difficult
environments to study. The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) study
in 2012 provided the environment, platforms, and instrumentation to test
oxidation chemistry around deep convective clouds and their impacts downwind.
Measurements on the NASA DC-8 aircraft included those of the radicals
hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2), OH reactivity, and more than
100 other chemical species and atmospheric properties. OH, HO2, and
OH reactivity were compared to photochemical models, some with and some
without simplified heterogeneous chemistry, to test the understanding of
atmospheric oxidation as encoded in the model. In general, the agreement
between the observed and modeled OH, HO2, and OH reactivity was
within the combined uncertainties for the model without heterogeneous
chemistry and the model including heterogeneous chemistry with small OH and
HO2 uptake consistent with laboratory studies. This agreement is
generally independent of the altitude, ozone photolysis rate, nitric oxide
and ozone abundances, modeled OH reactivity, and aerosol and ice surface
area. For a sunrise to midday flight downwind of a nighttime mesoscale
convective system, the observed ozone increase is consistent with the
calculated ozone production rate. Even with some observed-to-modeled
discrepancies, these results provide evidence that a current
measurement-constrained photochemical model can simulate observed atmospheric
oxidation processes to within combined uncertainties, even around convective
clouds. For this DC3 study, reduction in the combined uncertainties would be
needed to confidently unmask errors or omissions in the model chemical
mechanism.
BVOC-aerosol-climate feedbacks investigated using NorESM
Authors: Sporre Moa K. , Blichner Sara M. , Karset Inger H. H. , Makkonen Risto , Berntsen Terje K.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Both higher temperatures and increased CO2 concentrations are (separately) expected to increase the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). This has been proposed to initiate negative climate feedback mechanisms through increased formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). More SOA can make the clouds more reflective, which can provide a cooling. Furthermore, the increase in SOA formation has also been proposed to lead to increased aerosol scattering, resulting in an increase in diffuse radiation. This could boost gross primary production (GPP) and further increase BVOC emissions. In this study, we have used the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) to investigate both these feedback mechanisms. Three sets of experiments were set up to quantify the feedback w.r.t. (1) doubling the CO2, (2) increasing temperatures corresponding to a doubling of CO2 and (3) the combined effect of both doubling CO2 and a warmer climate. For each of these experiments we ran two simulations, with identical set-up, except for the BVOC emissions. One simulation was run with interactive BVOC emissions, allowing the BVOC emissions to respond to changes in CO2 and/or climate. In the other simulation, the BVOC emissions were fixed at present day conditions, essentially turning the feedback off. The comparison of these two simulations enable us to investigate each step along the feedback as well as estimate their overall relevance for the future climate. We find that the BVOC feedback can have a significant impact on the climate. The annual global BVOC emissions are up to 63 % higher when the feedback is turned on compared to when the feedback is turned off, with the largest response when both CO2 and climate are changed. The higher BVOC levels lead to the formation of more SOA mass (max 53 %), and result in more particles through increased new particle formation as well as larger particles through increased condensation. The corresponding changes in the cloud properties lead to a −0.43 W m−2 stronger net cloud forcing. This effect becomes about 50 % stronger when the model is run with reduced anthropogenic aerosol emissions, indicating that the feedback will become even more important as we decrease aerosol and precursor emissions. We do not find boost in GPP due to increased aerosol scattering on a global scale. Instead, the fate of the GPP seem to be controlled by the BVOC effects on the clouds. However, the higher aerosol scattering associated with the higher BVOC emissions is found to also contribute with a potentially important enhanced negative direct forcing (−0.06 W m−2). The global total aerosol forcing associated with the feedback is −0.49 W m−2 indicating that it has the potential to offset about 13 % of the forcing associated with a doubling of CO2.
A quest for the biological sources of long chain alkyl diols in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Balzano Sergio , Lattaud Julie , Villanueva Laura , Rampen Sebastiaan W. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , van Bleijswijk Judith , Bale Nicole , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Long chain alkyl diols (LCDs) are widespread in the marine water
column and sediments, but their biological sources are mostly unknown. Here
we combine lipid analyses with 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on suspended
particulate matter (SPM) collected in the photic zone of the western tropical
North Atlantic Ocean at 24 stations to infer relationships between LCDs and
potential LCD producers. The C30 1,15-diol was detected in all SPM
samples and accounted for >95 % of the total LCDs, while minor
proportions of C28 and C30 1,13-diols, C28 and
C30 1,14-diols, as well as C32 1,15-diol were found. The
concentration of the C30 and C32 diols was higher in the
mixed layer of the water column compared to the deep chlorophyll maximum
(DCM), whereas concentrations of C28 diols were comparable.
Sequencing analyses revealed extremely low contributions (≈0.1 %
of the 18S rRNA gene reads) of known LCD producers, but the contributions
from two taxonomic classes with which known producers are affiliated, i.e. Dictyochophyceae and Chrysophyceae, followed a trend similar to that of the
concentrations of C30 and C32 diols. Statistical analyses
indicated that the abundance of 4 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the
Chrysophyceae and Dictyochophyceae, along with 23 OTUs falling into other
phylogenetic groups, were weakly (r≤0.6) but significantly
(p value <0.01) correlated with C30 diol concentrations. It
is not clear whether some of these OTUs might indeed correspond to
C28−32 diol producers or whether these correlations are just
indirect and the occurrence of C30 diols and specific OTUs in the
same samples might be driven by other environmental conditions. Moreover,
primer mismatches were unlikely, but cannot be excluded, and the variable
number of rRNA gene copies within eukaryotes might have affected the analyses
leading to LCD producers being undetected or undersampled. Furthermore, based
on the average LCD content measured in cultivated LCD-producing algae, the
detected concentrations of LCDs in SPM are too high to be explained by the
abundances of the suspected LCD-producing OTUs. This is likely explained by
the slower degradation of LCDs compared to DNA in the oxic water column and
suggests that some of the LCDs found here were likely to be associated with
suspended debris, while the DNA from the related LCD producers had been
already fully degraded. This suggests that care should be taken in
constraining biological sources of relatively stable biomarker lipids by
quantitative comparisons of DNA and lipid abundances.
Initial insights from a global database of rainfall-induced landslide inventories: the weak influence of slope and strong influence of total storm rainfall
Authors: Marc Odin , Stumpf André , Malet Jean-Philippe , Gosset Marielle , Uchida Taro , Chiang Shou-Hao
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Rainfall-induced landslides are a common and significant source of damages
and fatalities worldwide. Still, we have little understanding of the quantity
and properties of landsliding that can be expected for a given storm and a
given landscape, mostly because we have few inventories of rainfall-induced
landslides caused by single storms. Here we present six new comprehensive
landslide event inventories coincident with well identified rainfall events.
Combining these datasets, with two previously published datasets, we study
their statistical properties and their relations to topographic slope
distribution and storm properties. Landslide metrics (such as total
landsliding, peak landslide density, or landslide distribution area) vary
across 2 to 3 orders of magnitude but strongly correlate with the storm total
rainfall, varying over almost 2 orders of magnitude for these events.
Applying a normalization on the landslide run-out distances increases these
correlations and also reveals a positive influence of total rainfall on the
proportion of large landslides. The nonlinear scaling of landslide density
with total rainfall should be further constrained with additional cases and
incorporation of landscape properties such as regolith depth, typical
strength or permeability estimates. We also observe that rainfall-induced
landslides do not occur preferentially on the steepest slopes of the
landscape, contrary to observations from earthquake-induced landslides. This
may be due to the preferential failures of larger drainage area patches with
intermediate slopes or due to the lower pore-water pressure accumulation in
fast-draining steep slopes. The database could be used for further comparison
with spatially resolved rainfall estimates and with empirical or mechanistic
landslide event modeling.
Building a Raspberry Pi school magnetometer network in the UK
Authors: Beggan Ciarán D. , Marple Steve R.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. As computing and geophysical sensor components have become
increasingly affordable over the past decade, it is now possible to design
and build a cost-effective system for monitoring the Earth's natural magnetic
field variations, in particular for space weather events. Modern fluxgate
magnetometers are sensitive down to the sub-nanotesla (nT) level, which far
exceeds the level of accuracy required to detect very small variations of the
external magnetic field. When the popular Raspberry Pi single-board computer
is combined with a suitable digitiser it can be used as a low-cost data
logger. We adapted off-the-shelf components to design a magnetometer system
for schools and developed bespoke Python software to build a network of
low-cost magnetometers across the UK. We describe the system and software and
how it was deployed to schools around the UK. In addition, we show the
results recorded by the system from one of the largest geomagnetic storms of
the current solar cycle.
Deep-sea search and recovery: with and without operating an underwater vehicle
Authors: Zhang Tongwei , Qin Shengjie , Wang Xiangxin , Tang Jialing
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Deep-sea search and recovery mainly refers to the search, recovery, and salvage of objects with high value that are lost on the deep-sea bottom. Deep-sea search and recovery objects include aircraft black boxes, underwater vehicles, and other types of objects. The recovery and salvage of objects involves accurately obtaining their underwater positions. Depending on whether or not the salvage object carries an acoustic beacon, two methods are available: onboard acoustic signal search and near-bottom sweep search and search. Once the underwater position of a salvage object is known, it can be recovered and salvaged with a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) and/or human-occupied vehicle (HOV). However, there are many difficulties with the practical application of existing deep-sea recovery systems that are based on the deep-sea operation of ROVs and HOVs. Based on the design idea and working mode of TV-grab in oceanography, this paper proposes a new type of deep-sea recovery system that does not rely on operating underwater vehicles and presents its recovery process. The new deep-sea recovery system combines underwater optical imaging, mechanical docking/grasping, acoustic imaging and positioning, and propeller operating to provide low-cost and rapid deep-sea recovery. Compared to the deep-sea recovery system with a ROV and/or HOV, the new deep-sea recovery system without an operating underwater vehicle described in this paper is proposed to be used, but not tested yet.
Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps
Authors: Seguinot Julien , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Jouvet Guillaume , Huss Matthias , Funk Martin , Preusser Frank
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The European Alps, the cradle of pioneering glacial studies, are
one of the regions where geological markers of past glaciations are most
abundant and well-studied. Such conditions make the region ideal for testing
numerical glacier models based on simplified ice flow physics against
field-based reconstructions and vice versa. Here, we use the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) to model the entire last
glacial cycle (120–0 ka) in the Alps, using horizontal resolutions of 2 and
1 km. Climate forcing is derived using two sources: present-day climate data
from WorldClim and the ERA-Interim reanalysis; time-dependent temperature
offsets from multiple palaeo-climate proxies. Among the latter, only the
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) ice core record yields
glaciation during marine oxygen isotope stages 4 (69–62 ka) and 2
(34–18 ka). This is spatially and temporally consistent with the geological
reconstructions, while the other records used result in excessive early
glacial cycle ice cover and a late Last Glacial Maximum. Despite the low
variability of this Antarctic-based climate forcing, our simulation depicts a
highly dynamic ice sheet, showing that Alpine glaciers may have advanced many
times over the foreland during the last glacial cycle. Ice flow patterns
during peak glaciation are largely governed by subglacial topography but
include occasional transfluences through the mountain passes. Modelled
maximum ice surface is on average 861 m higher than observed trimline
elevations in the upper Rhône Valley, yet our simulation predicts little
erosion at high elevation due to cold-based ice. Finally, despite the uniform
climate forcing, differencesin glacier
catchment hypsometry produce a time-transgressive Last Glacial Maximum
advance, with some glaciers reaching their modelled maximum extent as early
as 27 ka and others as late as 21 ka.
Impact of assimilating sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and
snow depth in a coupled ocean-sea ice modeling system
Authors: Fritzner Sindre , Graversen Rune , Christensen Kai H. , Rostosky Philip , Wang Keguang
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The accuracy of the initial state is very important for the quality of a forecast, and data assimilation is crucial for obtaining a best possible initial state. For many years, sea-ice concentration was the only parameter used for assimilation into numerical sea-ice models. Sea-ice concentration can easily be observed by satellites, and satellite observations provide a full Arctic coverage. During the last decade, an increasing number of sea-ice related variables have become available, these include sea-ice thickness and snow depth, which are both important parameters in the numerical sea-ice models. In the present study, a coupled ocean-sea-ice model is used to asses the assimilation impact of sea-ice thickness and snow depth on the model. The model system with the assimilation of these parameters is verified by comparison with a system assimilating only ice concentration and a system having no assimilation. The observations assimilated are sea ice concentration from the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application facility, thin sea ice thickness from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission, thick sea ice thickness from ESA’s CryoSat satellite, and a new snow depth product derived from the National Space Agency’s Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometers (AMSR-E/AMSR-2) satellites. The model results are verified by comparing assimilated observations and independent observations of ice concentration from AMSR-E/AMSR-2, and ice thickness and snow depth from the IceBridge campaign. It is found that the assimilation of ice thickness strongly improves ice concentration, ice thickness and snow depth, while the snow observations have a positive effect on snow thickness and ice concentration. In our study, the seasonal forecast showed that assimilating snow depth lead to a worse estimation of sea-ice extent compared to the other assimilation systems, the other three gave similar results. The improvements due to assimilation were found to last for at least 3–4 months, possibly even longer.
El Nuevo Testamento: la visión de un filólogo”
Authors: Piñero Antonio
Published: October 2018

Es necesario que la Universidad española preste atención a los estudios sobre el Nuevo Testamento y el cristianismo primitivo, pues fue concebido y escrito todo en griego y pertenece por derecho a la literatura griega imperial. Ningún libro compuesto en esta lengua tiene una difusión e impacto superiores al Nuevo Testamento, libro de cabecera teórico de más de dos mil millones de personas. La investigación confesional de este corpus tiene sus límites, pero la independiente, que puede hacerse en la universidad, no tiene más barreras que el uso de la sana metodología filológica histórica y crítica usual en la tarea filológica. El artículo defiende doce tesis que resumen una visión de conjunto del Nuevo Testamento desde la filología clásica que ayuda a comprender qué es en realidad este corpus y anima a estudiarlo desde un punto de vista histórico-filológico en el que no interviene el concepto de inspiración divina. No se plantea negarla, pero no la toma en consideración.
Aldinas anotadas: una puesta al día de la contribución de los humanistas a través del estudio de "De facie"
Authors: Lesage Gárriga Luisa
Published: October 2018

Numerosos eruditos del s. XVI introdujeron en sus ejemplares de la editio princeps de Moralia, conocida como «Aldina» (1509), anotaciones que corregían, completaban y reinterpretaban el texto. A pesar de su gran interés, las ediciones modernas no siempre las incluyen, y si lo hacen, a menudo las mencionan de forma incorrecta. Esto se debe, sin duda, a la falta un estudio sistemático de las mismas que las evalúe y determine sus relaciones mutuas. Este trabajo pretende suplir esta carencia: tomando como punto de partida el texto de De facie in orbe lunae, ofrece un catálogo actualizado de las Aldinas anotadas conservadas que establece tanto el valor de sus correcciones, como el de sus interrelaciones.
Los inicios de un debate interminable: la cuestión del origen de los Campos Elisios en la Antigüedad
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Miguel , Santana Henríquez Germán
Published: October 2018

Desde el siglo XIX asistimos a un intenso debate acerca de los Campos Elisios, centrado en una cuestión fundamental: su origen. Aún hoy, la discusión permanece abierta, a pesar de que se han planteado multitud de explicaciones y se han implicado los mejores expertos. El propósito de este trabajo es demostrar que esta cuestión fue ya planteada por los filólogos de la Antigüedad. Mediante la recopilación y estudio de todos los testimonios supervivientes, se intenta reconstruir los principales aspectos de la discusión, desde los investigadores implicados a las metodologías utilizadas y los resultados alcanzados. El estudio persigue poner de relieve las múltiples conexiones entre ambos debates, el antiguo y el moderno.
Los "Pelópidas" de Jorge Llopis y la parodia de la tragedia griega
Authors: González Delgado Ramiro
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo analizaremos el astracán Los Pelópidas (1966) de Jorge Llopis Establier. A través del humor, de versos desenfadados, de salidas de tono inesperadas y de conexiones bufas y paródicas entre literatura culta y cultura popular, el autor hace una caricatura de la tragedia griega, convirtiendo en comedia unos argumentos míticos y literarios de autores y géneros canónicos.
Women and Tourism Are the Most Important Challenges They Face in Jordan
Authors: Alsarayreh Mohammad Nayef
Published: October 2018

This study aims at identifying the challenges faced by Jordanian women working in the tourism and hotel sector. This study seeks to answer the following: What is the degree of challenges faced by Jordanian women working in the tourism and hotel sector?This study belongs to the analytical exploratory studies and follows the method of data collection and analysis to reach results. 200 questionnaires were distributed, of which 180 were returned and 10 were excluded. A questionnaire was based on 170 employees who were able to obtain their data.The study found that the greatest Obstacles faced by working women were family difficulties and social difficulties. The study recommended changing the family's view of women and accepting them as employees.
Development of 'Itália Melhorada' grapes on different rootstocks and under the semiarid conditions of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil
Authors: Benjamin Aldrin Mario Da Silva , Dantas Débora Jesus , Dantas Django Jesus , Nunes Glauber Henrique de Sousa , Pommer Celso Valdevino , Bressan-Smith Ricardo Enrique , Mendonça Vander
Published: October 2018

Our study was carried out in the region of Mossoró city, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), in February 2013. This experiment aimed to describe the phenology, estimate biometeorological indexes, and perform a chemical characterization of 'Itália Melhorada' grapes (Vitis vinifera L) grafted on three different rootstocks (cultivars: IAC 313, IAC572, and IAC766), during two production cycles and under semiarid conditions. The first cycle lasted 115 days, with a pruning performed on 04/19/2013; yet the second lasted 111 days, with a pruning on 09/25/2013. In the first cycle, the thermal sum required was 1258.27 DD (degree days), while in the second, it was 1290.50 DD. The Heliothermic Geslin Index (HGI) observed in the first cycle was 352.84 and, in the second, it was 371.17. The rootstocks had no influence on the evaluated factors (phenology, TTA, TSS, and STT/ TTA) in either of the two cycles, therefore, all the tested rootstocks can be used indistinctly, but still, the analysis revealed differences from one cycle to another in terms of TSS and TSS / TTA of berries.
Phosphorus requirements of tambaqui juveniles
Authors: Sousa Thalles José Rego de , Bomfim Marcos Antonio Delmondes , Lanna Eduardo Arruda Teixeira , Ribeiro Felipe Barbosa , Siqueira Jefferson Costa de , Silva Janayra Cardoso , Marchão Rafael Silva
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement of digestible phosphorus in diets for juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). 300 juveniles (26.4 ± 0.68 g) were used in a completely randomized design, consisting of six treatments with five replicates and 10 fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six isoprotein, isonitrogenous, and isocalcium rations, with different levels of digestible phosphorus: 0.27; 0.46; 0.67; 0.91; 1.04; and 1.14%. The fish were kept in 30 polyethylene tanks (500 L) with a closed water circulation system and fed six meals per day for 49 days. Parameters of performance and feed efficiency, daily protein, and fat, ash, and phosphorus deposition rates were evaluated. The elevation of digestible phosphorus provided a quadratic increase in feed consumption to a level of 0.92%, linear increase in the consumption of digestible phosphorus, and quadratic reduction in the efficiency of digestible phosphorus for weight gain. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for weight gain and specific growth rate, estimated at 0.55% and 0.56% digestible phosphorus, respectively. The feed conversion and protein efficiency for weight gain improved quadratically up to an estimated level of 0.84% of digestible phosphorus. Body fat deposition improved quadratically up to an estimated level of 0.90% of digestible phosphorus. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for body deposition of protein, ash, and phosphorus, estimated at 0.55%, 0.46%, and 0.59% of digestible phosphorus, respectively. To optimize weight gain, the recommended level of digestible phosphorus in diets for juvenile tambaqui is 0.55%, which corresponds to an estimated level of 0.87% of total phosphorus.
Threonine to lysine ratio in diets of tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum)
Authors: Firmo Danielli Dos Santos , Bomfim Marcos Antonio Delmondes , Ribeiro Felipe Barbosa , Siqueira Jefferson Costa de , Lanna Eduardo Arruda Teixeira , Takishita Sylvia Sanae , Souza Thalles José Rego de , Porto Neliane Galvão
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios in diets of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Five-hundred fish with a mean ± SE initial weight of 2.16 ± 0.03 g were used in a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments, five replicates per treatment, and 25 fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of four isoenergetic, isophosphoric, isocalcic, and isolisinic (1.45%) diets, consisting of a basal diet supplemented with four L-threonine levels (1.013, 1.085, 1.158, and 1.230%), resulting in different threonine to lysine ratios (70, 75, 80, and 85%). Fish were maintained in twenty 500-L aquaria with independent water supply, drainage, and aeration systems, and were fed to apparent satiation six times a day for 45 days. Performance, feed efficiency, daily protein and fat deposition, body moisture content, and nitrogen retention efficiency of fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine intake increased linearly, and the efficiency of threonine for weight gain decreased quadratically, with increasing digestible threonine to lysine ratios. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed:gain ratio, protein efficiency for weight gain, and nitrogen retention efficiency of fish increased in a quadratic manner with increasing digestible threonine to lysine ratios up to the levels of 75.96, 76.06, 76.36, 76.47, and 74.02%, respectively. It was concluded that the digestible threonine to lysine ratio for use in diets of juvenile tambaqui to achieve optimal performance and nitrogen retention efficiency is 76 and 74%, respectively, which corresponds to a digestible threonine level of 1.102 and 1.073%.
Comportamento ingestivo de novilhas Nelore em pastejo no período seco suplementadas com sal mineral e tipos de ureia
Authors: Resende Aléx Schio , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Costa Evely Giovanna Leite , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Souza Dicastro Dias de , Porto Junior Antonio Ferraz , Santiago Bismarck Moreira , Rodrigues Eli Santana De Oliveira , Costa Edvaldo Nascimento , Muricy Jemima Fialho
Published: October 2018

In this study, the feeding behavior of Nellore heifers receiving supplements containing mineral salt, conventional urea and slow release urea during the grazing stage at Brachiaria brizantha-based pastures during the dry period of the year was evaluated. Fifty-six heifers with approximately 284.72 ± 27.48 kg of body weight were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with four different treatment types: mineral salt; Urea - supplementation with 8.18% conventional urea; Mixed urea - supplementation with 4.09% conventional urea and 4.39% slow release urea and slow urea - supplementation with 8.78% slow release urea. Animals supplemented with mineral salt had longer grazing times compared to those supplemented with mixed urea, slow urea and regular urea. The dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients presented a similar effect, with higher values for heifers consuming supplements containing regular urea and slow urea compared to those of mixed urea. However, when the efficiency of hourly intake was evaluated, the animals that received urea supplement were more efficient in relation to the other treatments. The number of grazing periods for heifers receiving slow urea supplementation was higher compared to heifers receiving salt and mixed urea. The duration of grazing and rumination periods was longer for heifers receiving salt supplementation and mixed urea than those receiving regular urea and slow urea. It is recommended to use supplements at the level of 0.3% of body weight for heifers receiving conventional urea.
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol from Solanum glaucophyllum supports normal growth and reduces the negative effects of calcium and phosphorus restriction on broilers’ bone tissue
Authors: Vieites Flávio Medeiros , Brusamarelo Emanuele , Vieira Bruno Serpa , Silva Felipe Gomes da , Souza Christiane Silva , Corrêa Gerusa Da Silva Salles , Caramori Júnior João Garcia , Moraes George Henrique Kling
Published: October 2018

Feed supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) has been studied as a means to decrease the incidence of bone abnormalities in broilers and reduce dietary inclusion of calcium and phosphorus. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal level of feed supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 from Solanum glaucophyllum for growing broilers restricted in calcium and available phosphorus. A total of 648 day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments and six replications of 18 birds. Treatments consisted of one positive control (PC: corn-soybean-meal diet formulated to reach or exceed Rostagno et al. (2011) nutritional recommendations), one negative control (NC: PC diet with 15% reduction of calcium and available phosphorus), and four NC diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 µg kg-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3. Performance and bone development characteristics were evaluated at days 21 and 33. Negative control did not modify broilers’ performance in comparison with PC, but birds fed with NC plus 1.0 µg kg-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3 showed higher (p = 0.01) daily weight gain than PC at day 21. Negative control reduced (p < 0.01) tibia weight, ash, breaking strength, and Seedor index at day 21, but supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 mitigated all these negative effects. A quadratic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 level was found for daily weight gain (p = 0.03), tibia weight (p < 0.01), breaking strength (p < 0.01), and Seedor index (p < 0.01) at this age. At day 33, NC broilers still had lower tibia weight (p = 0.01), ash (p < 0.01), and Seedor index (p < 0.01) than those fed PC. Only tibia ash did not return to the same value as that observed in PC after NC supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3. A quadratic effect (p < 0.01) of 1,25(OH)2D3 level was found for tibia ash and Seedor index at this age. On average, dietary supplementation of 1.15 µg kg-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3 was identified as the optimal level for bone characteristics in this trial. For performance, this level was 0.98 µg kg-1. In conclusion, feed supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 from standardized leaves of Solanum glaucophyllum sustains normal growth and reduces the negative effects of calcium and phosphorus restriction on broilers’ bone tissue.
Design e Educação: uma estratégia para a escrita manual cursiva na era dos nativos digitais
Authors: Guimarães Juliana Oliveira , Silva Sérgio Antônio
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar como o design pode contribuir com o ensino da escrita manual cursiva para os nativos digitais. Trata-se de um estudo teórico delineado por uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Apresenta a importância do ensino dessa escrita e a perspectiva do design como estratégia para se trabalhar em conjunto com professores. Ao final, foi possível constatar que o design, através de sua característica interdisciplinar, pode auxiliar professores alfabetizadores por meio de atividades de design promovidas pela Educação através do Design (EdaDe), possibilitando a busca por soluções que poderão auxiliar o processo de ensino da escrita manual cursiva dos nativos digitais em alfabetização. Dessa forma, espera-se que ao longo dos anos letivos, consiga-se manter o interesse dos alunos em valorizar uma escrita pessoal e manual
Een legal transplant in het Curaçaose belastingrecht
Authors: Muller P.E. , Rogier L.J.J.
Published: October 2018

Een legal transplant in het Curaçaose belastingrecht

In dit artikel staan de auteurs stil bij de komst van de winstbelasting naar Curaçao. Ze gaan in op de betekenis van de legal transplant en de Indische voorloper hiervan. Ook de vrijstellingen in de huidige wettekst met betrekking tot aan olie gerelateerde werkzaamheden zullen aan bod komen. Tot slot concluderen de auteurs dat er sprake is van een legal transplant in de oorspronkelijke betekenis van het woord. De Curaçaose winstbelasting is bijkans een kopie van de Indische vennootschapsbelasting.
Keberhasilan hidup parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum Hellen dan serangga inangnya Plutella xylostella (L.) terhadap aplikasi ekstrak biji srikaya (Annona squamosa L.)
Authors: Istiaji Bonjok , Prijono Djoko , Buchori Damayanti
Published: October 2018

Pengendalian Plutella xylostella L. dapat dilakukan baik secara hayati maupun kimiawi. Pengendalian secara hayati umumnya banyak dilakukan dengan cara memanfaatkan ekstrak tanaman untuk membunuh serangga hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak biji srikaya terhadap kematian dan perkembangan parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum Hellen serta inangnya, P. xylostella. Pengaruh ekstrak biji srikaya terhadap larva P. xylostella instar III awal diuji dengan metode residu pada daun dan metode residu pada permukaan gelas untuk menguji pengaruh kontak ekstrak biji srikaya terhadap kematian imago D. semiclausum. Pengaruh ekstrak biji srikaya terhadap parasitisasi dan perkembangan D. semiclausum pradewasa dilakukan dengan memaparkan larva P. xylostella yang telah terkontaminasi ekstrak biji srikaya pada konsentrasi subletal (LC5 dan LC10) pada imago D. semiclausum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak biji srikaya pada konsentrasi 0,0632–0,1% pada kontaminasi 24 jam berpengaruh terhadap kematian larva P. xylostella dan imago parasitoid D. semiclausum. Imago parasitoid lebih peka terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak biji srikaya dibandingkan dengan larva P. xylostella. Hambatan perkembangan P. xylostella oleh ekstrak biji srikaya pada konsentrasi yang digunakan  umumnya tidak nyata. Demikian pula, hambatannya terhadap perkembangan parasitoid D. semiclausum dalam inang yang terkontaminasi konsentrasi subletal (LC5 dan LC10) ekstrak biji srikaya umumnya tidak berbeda nyata. Keberadaan ekstrak biji srikaya dalam inang juga tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat parasitisasi, panjang kokon, lebar kokon, dan bobot kokon. Oleh karena itu, terdapat peluang memadukan pengendalian P. xylostella secara kimiawi dan hayati.
L'être aux aguets
Authors: Maugery Ariane
Published: October 2018

La danse et les pratiques plastiques contemporaines, relevant d’une esthétique
de la présentation, invitent à ne pas ajouter, enfler le flux de la vie et ainsi à
ne pas freiner ni doubler le réel d’un autre réel fait de conscience et de
représentations forcément différées. Dans ces pratiques de l’intensité, la notion
d’expérimentation est importante et donne tout son sens à des pratiques qui ne
privilégient pas le résultat, la résolution de l’œuvre dans sa formalité, mais
plutôt la dynamique d’une proposition en acte. Expérimenter ne consiste pas ainsi à
composer des objets morts mais à mettre en œuvre, dans l’immédiateté de l’instant,
la sobriété d’un contact direct avec la réalité brute. La duplication qui est une
réalité de fait, tend à se constituer comme refus de la singularité du
réel.
Langues & Normes
Authors: Viangalli François
Published: October 2018

Le dossier {Langues & Normes} est le fruit d’une série d’études réalisée
par des spécialistes, linguistes ou juristes, sur la question des rapports entre la
langue, le droit et la politique. Initialement présentés sous forme de conférences
au cours d’une journée d’études organisée par le Centre d’études sur la sécurité
internationale et les coopérations européennes (CESICE) de l’Université de
Grenoble-Alpes en 2013, les travaux en question sont ici publiés sous une forme
actualisée et définitive.
Dibutade 2.0 : la « femme-auteur » à l'ère du numérique
Authors: Monjour Servanne
Published: October 2018

Prenant le parti d’étudier la culture numérique émergente selon des rapports de continuité plutôt que de rupture, cet article envisage la question de l’auctorialité féminine sur le web au regard du mythe antique de Dibutade. Il semble en effet que Dibutade, en sa qualité de figure fondatrice de nombreuses pratiques artistiques, nous permet de porter un éclairage tout à fait intéressant sur la façon dont certaines bloggeuses affirment leur statut de femme auteur, jouant rôle majeur et moteur dans l’émergence et la reconnaissance d’une littérature numérique (conçue en ligne, publiée en ligne). Les analyses conduites dans cet article entendent souligner le potentiel esthétique de certaines pratiques d’écriture en ligne souvent ignorées par les études littéraires : les profils Facebook, les blogues érotiques voire pornographiques.
Regional differences in an established population of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) in south Florida
Authors: Bryan David R. , Blondeau Jeremiah , Siana Ashley , Ault Jerald S.
Published: October 2018

About nine years ago (circa 2009), Indo-Pacific lionfishes (Pterois volitans and P. miles) invaded the south Florida coral reef ecosystem. During the intervening period of time, there has been substantial research on their biology, life history, demography, and habitat preferences; however, little is known concerning their regional population status and trends in the region. Here, we use a large-scale fisheries independent reef fish visual survey to investigate lionfish population status among three south Florida regions: Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys, and southeast Florida. Density estimates (ind ha−1) have been relatively stable since 2012, and are lower than other areas reported in the western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Low, stable population densities in south Florida suggest there may be a natural mechanism for lionfish population control. In the Dry Tortugas, lionfish density in 2016 was significantly lower (0.6 ind ha−1 ± 0.15 SE) than the two other south Florida regions. The Dry Tortugas region has the highest percentage of marine protected areas, the lowest level of exploitation, and thus the highest densities of potential lionfish predators and competitors. In the Florida Keys and southeast Florida in 2016, lionfish densities were greater (5.4 ind ha−1 ± 1.0 SE and 9.0 ± 2.7 SE, respectively) than the Dry Tortugas. Fishing pressure on lionfish was higher in these two regions, but densities of several potential predators and competitors were substantially lower. Despite relatively low regional lionfish densities that can be attributed to some combination of fishing mortality and natural biocontrol, lionfish are still well established in the south Florida coral reef ecosystem, warranting continued concern.
Surface Amorphous Oxides Induced Electron Transfer into Complex Oxide Heterointerfaces
Authors: Chen Zheng , Chen Xing , Mao Baohua , Li Qingtian , Zhang Meng , Bo Hai , Liu Zhi , Tian He , Zhang Ze , Xie Yanwu
Published: October 2018

Complex oxide heterointerfaces are interesting because they host many exotic emergent phenomena and have potential for unconventional oxide electronics. Crucial to explore these phenomena and applications is controlling electron transfer. In the past, this has been difficult to achieve in many heterointerfaces such as LaAlO3/SrTiO3 fabricated on SrO‐terminated SrTiO3, while a great success has been made in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 fabricated on TiO2‐terminated SrTiO3. Here, a variety of (both TiO2‐ and SrO‐terminated) SrTiO3‐based heterostructures (not limited to LaAlO3/SrTiO3) are capped with different kinds of amorphous oxides prepared at room temperature. It is found that more than 1014 cm−2 electrons can be induced into heterointerfaces that are originally either conducting or insulating. By a thorough examination of various combinations between different heterostructues and different amorphous oxides, it is concluded that the observed effect is dominated by electron transfer from surface amorphous oxides into complex oxide heterointerfaces.
Gas exchange characteristics of giant cacti species varying in stem morphology and life history strategy
Authors: Huber John , Dettman David L. , Williams David G. , Hultine Kevin R.
Published: October 2018

Premise of the Study

Giant cacti species possess long cylindrical stems that store massive amounts of water and other resources to draw on for photosynthesis, growth, and reproduction during hot and dry conditions. Across all giant cacti taxa, stem photosynthetic surface area to volume ratio (S:V) varies by several fold. This broad morphological diversity leads to the hypothesis that giant cacti function along a predictable resource use continuum from a “safe” strategy reflected in low S:V, low relative growth rates (RGR), and low net assimilation rates (Anet) to a high‐risk strategy that is reflected in high S:V, RGR, and Anet.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, whole‐plant gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and whole‐spine‐tissue carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) were measured in four giant cacti species varying in stem morphology and RGR. Measurements were conducted on five well‐watered, potted plants per species.

Key Results

Under conditions of mild diel temperatures and low atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, Anet, transpiration (E), and stomatal conductance (Gs) were significantly higher, and water‐use efficiency (Anet : Gs) was lower in fast‐growing, multi‐stemmed species compared to the slower growing, single‐stemmed species. However, under warmer, less optimal conditions, gas exchange converged between stem types, and neither δ13C nor chlorophyll fluorescence varied among species.

Conclusions

The results add to a growing body of evidence that succulent‐stemmed plants function along a similar economic spectrum as leaf‐bearing plants such that functional traits including stem RGR, longevity, morphology, and gas exchange are correlated across species with varying life‐history strategies.
Diploid/triploid mixoploidy: A consequence of asymmetric zygotic segregation of parental genomes
Authors: Carson Jason C. , Hoffner Lori , Conlin Laura , Parks W. Tony , Fisher Rosemary A. , Spinner Nancy , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Bonadio Jeffrey , Surti Urvashi
Published: October 2018

Triploidy is the presence of an extra haploid set of chromosomes and can exist in complete or mosaic form. The extra haploid set of chromosomes in triploid cells can be of maternal or paternal origin. Diploid/triploid mixoploidy is a unique form of triploid mosaicism that requires the aberrant segregation of entire parental genomes into distinct blastomere lineages (heterogoneic cell division) at the earliest zygotic divisions. Here we report on eight cases of diploid/triploid mixoploidy from our institution and conduct a comprehensive review of the literature. The parental origin of the extra set of chromosomes was determined in two cases; and, based on phenotypic evidence we propose the parental origin in the other cases. One case with complex mixoploidy appears to have a digynic origin in addition to the involvement of two different sperm. Of our eight cases, only one resulted in the birth of a live healthy child. The other pregnancies ended in miscarriage, elective termination of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal demise or neonatal death. A review of the literature and the results of our cases show that a preponderance of recognized cases of diploid/triploid mixoploidy has a digynic origin.
Impact of Combined Chlorination and Chloramination Conditions onN‐Nitrosodimethylamine Formation
Authors: Krasner Stuart W. , Lee Chih Fen Tiffany , Mitch William A. , von Gunten Urs
Published: October 2018

Bench‐scale chloramination under uniform formation conditions was used to examineN‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in settled and (bio)filtered drinking water and treated wastewater. In this study, water temperature, pH, postchloramination time, and chlorine‐to‐nitrogen (Cl2/N) weight ratio were varied to investigate NDMA formation in various water types. Wastewater and certain polymers were investigated as sources of NDMA precursors. Nitrified biofilters were found to be another precursor source. NDMA formation in nitrified biofilter effluent and polymer‐impacted water was the highest at Cl2/N of 3–5; NDMA formation was the highest at Cl2/N of 5–7 in wastewater‐impacted waters. Other tests at Cl2/N of 4.75 evaluated the impact of pH and temperature, with a 3 min prechlorination, which can result in some precursor abatement. At pH 7, NDMA formation increased with increasing temperature, whereas at pH 8 and 9, low temperature sometimes yielded higher NDMA formation because of lower precursor abatement during prechlorination and, thus, higher NDMA formation during postchloramination.