bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of nursing leadership in supporting the delivery of compassionate care during NHS mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Rogers Helen
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims

This qualitative study explores the role of nursing leadership in supporting the delivery of compassionate care in a hospital that experienced both an acquisition and merger within 5 years. It aimed to understand the impact that NHS mergers and acquisitions have on a nursing team's capacity to deliver compassionate care to patients and to explore how nursing leadership can support the delivery of compassionate care during these periods.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with seven members of purposively recruited staff, who had lived experience of working at a hospital during an acquisition by a larger NHS trust, followed by a merger with another large NHS trust 5 years later.

Results

Staff valued authentic, honest and visible nurse leadership that was understanding of the context in which they were delivering care. Ward managers and matrons acted as ‘shock absorbers’ to protect their teams from the negative aspects of the change process. However, this came at an emotional cost and demonstrates the need for continued support structures.

Conclusions

This case study shows that staff value being able to deliver compassionate care; it gives meaning to their work, especially the ‘small things’. However, the context of care delivery can affect their ability to do this. There remains a great need for emotional support for staff to sustain their resilience in the face of changing staff, policies, practices and clinical models.
BT switch off in 2025
Authors: Parker Dan
Published: July 2021

Traditional phone lines will be switched off by BT in a move towards digital technology, but what does this mean for aesthetic businesses? Dan Parker details more
MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α Levels in Relation to Sub types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hamed Rania A. , Elmalt Heba A. , Salama Abeer A. A. , Hammouda Safaa M. , Youness Eman R. , Abd-Allah Naglaa A. , AlZaree Fatma A. , Abozaid Sarah Y. , Ashour Hala S.
Published: July 2021

Many authors have suggested the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and inflammation through various mechanisms among which increased serum cytokines.30 newly diagnosed ADHD children, aged 6-12and of both sexes were collected from outpatient clinic, Psychiatry Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital and a matched control group of 30 children. They were subjected to Clinical assessment, Whechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised & serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were determined. There was statistical significant difference between patient and control groups regarding MMP-2 level (648.50 ± 81.94 vs 344.13 ± 32.02), MMP-9 level (143.00±16.98 vs 102.90 ± 4.13) & TNF-α level (345 ± 7.1.vs 202 ± 22.3). Hyperactive/impulsive subtype represented 16(53.3%), Inattentive subtype represented 6(20%), Combined subtype represented 8(26.7%) of the ADHD group. MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were all higher among the Hyperactive/impulsive subtype, followed by thecombined subtype then the Inattentive subtype with high statistical significant difference. A high statistical significant difference was found in all subscales of Conners' scale among the 3 subtypes of ADHD. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α level and age, whereas, a negative correlation exists between MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α level and IQ. In addition, correlation was found between MMP-2, MMP-9 levels and cognitive problems, TNF-α level and inattention.Our study illustrates the co-occurrence of inflammatory process and ADHD, but further studies on larger sample are needed.
Diagnosis, Screening and Treatment of Osteoporosis –A Review
Authors: Chitra V. , Sharon.S Evelyn
Published: July 2021

Osteoporosis is the multifactorial skeletal disease that leads to fracture risk in individuals. It is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density leading to increased fracture risk. It is often silent and only known when fractures occur in the elderly leading to death. The reason is that the disease is always underdiagnosed and not treated properly. It affects men and women, but women are more susceptible to it due to estrogen deficiency. Osteoporosis is diagnosed based on the fragility fractures, low bone mineral density assessed by DEXA scan. Pharmacological (anti-resorptive and anabolic drugs) and lifestyle modifications (dietary intake, weight-bearing exercise, hip protectors, and fall prevention measures) are helpful in the prevention and treatment of Osteoporosis. Clinicians must take proper measures in finding out the patients who are at higher risk of Osteoporosis and providing treatment by either diagnosing or by screening the previous history of fracture risk in the patients. This article provides an overview of the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of Osteoporosis.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic and Larvicidal Activity of Alternanthera sessilis
Authors: Babu Merin , K.H Uma , Joseph Sherin , Sree Amoolya , Scariya Sabin , K.A Shibina , Hameed Jahanara
Published: July 2021

Objective: Evaluation of Anti-urolithiatic and Larvicidal activity of Alternanthera sessilis. Method: The whole plant of Alternanthera sessilis were extracted using ethanol as solvent. Then it was evaluated for its phytochemicals and later on in vitro anti-urolithiatic study was conducted on the plant using the methods titrimetry, simultaneous flow static model, turbidimetry and gravimetric. The plant showing larvicidal effect was determined by larvicidal assay method. Result: The ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins. The anti urolithiatic activity conformed that the plant can effectively mineralise calcium oxalate in a dose dependent manner when compared to control and standard. The plant also possesses larvicidal activity and the percentage mortality exhibited a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the plant possessed anti- urolithiatic as well as larvicidal activity.
Impact of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Medication errors and Safety Improvement in Pharmacy Departments of King Saud University Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fathi Tasneem H. Ali , Miraj Shaima Ali
Published: July 2021

Background: The current study was premeditated to evaluate the attitude, knowledge and practice of the pharmacy employees (including interns and trainees) dealing with medical practice towards medical errors and adverse drug reaction reports. Methods:The study is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional one with the influence of medication-error reporting, focused on pharmacy department of King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using the Likert-scale survey. The research population was 167 pharmacy employees, (including interns, and trainees) from King Saud University Medical City. The legalized items connected to knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) survey was given to each member. Results:Majority of the total sample size (n=167) are pharmacists, managers, lead pharmacists, pharmacist-in-charge, or staff pharmacist by 74.3 %, where 15.6 % are pharmacy technicians, 7.8 % are pharmacy students interns/externs and 2.4 % other workers. Positive responses were highest in teamwork within the pharmacy employee (87.3% vs. 81.6%), staff training and skills within the pharmacy employee (86.35% vs. 79.25%), physical space and environment in the pharmacy (83.8% vs. 73.6%). Lower responses were found in response to mistakes (79.75% vs. 74.4%) compared to community pharmacy database report (AHRQ, 2019).Conclusion:The findings indicate that ratings on documenting mistakes (reporting)as perceived by pharmacy employee are at par with the community pharmacy elsewhere. The weakest dimension identified was mistakes (reporting) having the lowest positive response with a mean score of 3. This denotes a low level of agreement according to Likert scale confirming that is the dimension needing improvement.
Effectiveness of High Intensity Exercise Program on Cardiovascular Endurance in Overweight Children
Authors: Malarvizhi D. , Devika R.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Overweight is defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that produces risk to health .The childhood overweight is epidemic, accelerating throughout the world and the fundamental cause of overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and expended. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to find the effect of high intensity exercise program on cardiovascular endurance in overweight children. METHODOLOGY: Quasi experimental study, pre and post test type, Study duration is 4weeks at Sree Sankara balavidhyalaya school pallikarani. Thirty overweight children were divided into two groups Group A=15, Group B= 15.Both Group A and Group B performed six minute walk test and distance walked in6- minute was measured and recorded Group A:high intensity exercises were taught to them along with that diet chart was given. Group B:The diet chart was given to them. After 4 weeks the post test was conducted and the data were analyzed. The outcome measure vo2 max was calculated by 6 -minute walk test. RESULTS: The post test mean value of Group A is20.3 and Group B is 17.58, statistical result shows that there was significant change in mean values between pre and post test. Thus both Group A and Group B mean values shows statistical significance p<0.05. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the high intensity circuit training program with diet was effective when compared to diet protocol among overweight children.
Clinico-Radiological, Radio-Histopathological and Cyto- Histopathological Correlation of Various Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Warpe Bhushan M. , Joshi-Warpe Shweta , V. Pofle Sandya
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Adequacy of thyroid aspirate comprise 5-6 groups of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Each of the groups consists of ten or more cells on at least two smeared slides. Ultrasonography followed by fine needle cytology (FNC) can be used as a cost-effective, first line tool for diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Aims were: a) To study clinico-radiological, radio-pathological and cyto-histopathological correlation in the diagnosis of variety of thyroid lesions. b) To study the diagnostic parameters for cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Material & Methods: 295 cases of thyroid lesions were studied for a period of two years at a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra. Clinical data, clinical diagnosis were filled in case proforma. Radiological diagnosis was documented with radiological diagnosis before performing thyroid FNC. The final Bathesda based cytological diagnosis was categorised based on cyto-morphology. Histopathology report of the cases which were operated was correlated with the cytological diagnosis and the radiological diagnosis. The data was entered into Microsoft excel 2016 and analysed. For each correlation; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, diagnostic accuracy was calculated by appropriate formula manually. Results: On comparison of nodularity on clinical examination with USG thyroid examination, the א2-value and p-value was highly significant showing that USG thyroid was better in diagnosing solitary thyroid lesions than clinical examination, after clinico-radiological study. Based on radio-histopathological correlation of cases, the diagnostic parameters were: Sensitivity- 70%, Specificity- 91.3%, Positive predictive value- 70%, Accuracy or Efficacy- 86.5%, False positive rate- 6.74%, False negative rate- 6.74%. Based on cyto-histopathological correlation of cases, the diagnostic parameters were: Sensitivity- 80%, Specificity- 98.44%, Positive predictive value- 94.11%, Accuracy or Efficacy- 94.05%, False positive rate- 01.19%, False negative rate- 4.76%. Conclusion: Diagnostic parameters were thus better on cyto-histopathology correlation than on radio-histopathological correlation. A systematic, sequential, multi-modality approach of clinical examination, radiological diagnosis followed by cytological reporting is the need of the hour. This is important to triage operative neoplastic thyroid lesions from non-neoplastic thyroid cases which are generally not subjected to operative procedures.
Palmatine Modulates Triple Negative Mammary Carcinoma by Regulating the Endogenous Function of p53, p21 and Mdm2
Authors: Ativui Selase , Danquah Cynthia A. , Osafo Newman , Ka-Chungu Sammy
Published: July 2021

Natural products and their bioactive constituents have been investigated for centuries and recognized as a source of valuable therapeutic candidates in the development of contemporary anticancer drugs. Triple negative breast cancers are a sub type of malignant cells formed in the breast tissue caused by uncontrolled and abnormal division. Palmatine, a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from several medicinal plants in West Africa,has not been extensively investigated for its anti-breast cancer properties especially in triple-negative mammary carcinoma. The 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells were transplanted orthotopically into the mammary fat pad of the female balb/c mice. Tumor volume,tumor weight, histology and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out.After 28 days, palmatine (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner decreased tumor volume (190.80 ±19.14, 25.40 ± 2.82, 14.20 ± 1.85), reduced tumor weight (1.035± 0.04, 0.8027± 0.01, 0.5090±0.04), inhibited tumor growth (31%, 46%, 66%) and protected against morphological dysplasia induced by the carcinoma (3.50 ± 0.29, 2.25 ± 0.25, 1.75 ± 0.25)respectively. Also, palmatine increased the activity of the tumor protein p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) and mouse double minute 2(Mdm2) compared to the untreated carcinoma bearingmice. Overall, palmatine protected against triple negative mammary carcinoma and can be a valuable anticancer compound to treat breast diseases.
Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs Prescribed in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India
Authors: Narkar Nimish S. , Deshpande Teja , Rane B. T. , Kothari Revati , Tilak A. V. , Bhide Harshavardhan
Published: July 2021

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although known as disease of old age, younger population is at increasing risk due to various factors including obesityand diabetes. Antihypertensive drug treatment being the only measure to control the raised blood pressure, large number of patients remain untreated or inadequately treated. Prescription pattern studies are needed to optimize and control the drug treatment. Present study was done with the aim to study the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in western India.Pattern of drugs prescribed whether in combination or as single drug in various comorbidities were the objectives of the study. It was observed that ARB was the most commonly prescribed drug (41.5%) either alone or in combination. Multidrug therapy being the preferred treatment (56%), combination of ARB, CCB and Diuretic was the most common (35.7%). Diabetes mellitus was the most commonly associated comorbidity in hypertensive patients (39%), with ARB and CCB as the preferred antihypertensive drugs used in them. The treatment prescribed seemed to be specific to age, comorbidity and was in accordance with national and international guidelinesincluding the Indian Guidelines on Hypertension.
The State of Health of Students of Physical Education Specialties with Systematic Available Loads
Authors: V. Dorontsev Alexander , Kozlyatnikov Oleg A. , Lapina Natalia M. , Volobuev Alexey L. , Rysakova Olga G. , Bakulina Elena D. , Ivanov Dmitriy A
Published: July 2021

Asthenia is a very socially significant pathology for modern Russian youth studying at universities. Its treatment is traditionally based on prevention and systematic recovery, including the use of physical activity. It is based on regular muscle activation, mood elevation and distraction from negative moments in life. Physical education classes bring a person, especially a young age, a lot of positive emotions, provide him with emotionally-colored contact with his peers. The health improvement of young men with asthenia by means of physical culture is largely based on the stimulating effect on their body of regular muscle loads that activate the endocrine glands, immunity and blood circulation. Elimination of asthenia in young people is an important basis for the prevention of the development of diseases of internal organs in her. For a highly effective treatment of asthenia, physical activity should be supplemented with a rational diet with a high content of protein products, potassium and vitamins.
Optimization of Glyceryl Polyacrylate in Nanoemulgel of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Rind Fraction
Authors: Dewi Wijayanti Ni Putu Ayu , Yustiantara Putu Sanna , Widiantara I Wayan Agus
Published: July 2021

The mangosteen fruit rind fraction positively contains flavonoids and polyphenols which can act as an antioxidant anti-inflammatory. The use of mangosteen rind fraction in topical preparations requires a good delivery system to support percutaneous penetration, one of which is nanoemulsion. The topical use of nanoemulsion has low viscosity and to increase the penetration of active compound, therefore it needs to be formulated into nanoemulgel preparations. In formulating nanoemulgel preparations, the optimum concentration of gelling agents is needed to obtain a nanoemulgel that meets the physical and chemical characteristics of the gel preparation. Therefore we need an optimization of glyceryl polyacrylate gelling agent in order to obtain a nanoemulgel with good characteristics. Nanoemulgel for mangosteen rind fraction was made in four formulas with gelling agent concentrations of glyceryl polyacrylate as much as 1% (F1), 2% (F2), 3% (F3), and 4% (F4). The nanoemulgel has been evaluated for its physical and chemical characteristics including organoleptic test, homogeneity, adhesion, viscosity, dispersibility, and pH. The active substance release test is carried out on a gel that meets the overall requirements for physical and chemical properties. The analysis showed that the F1 produced a nanoemulgel that met the physical and chemical characteristics of the semisolid preparations. Organoleptic of F1 isi semisolid form with yellow color and typically garcinia fruit rind fraction odor, homogen mixture, 1 ± 0.02s adhesion, 8340 ± 555 viscosity, 6.87 ± 0.39 cm2 spreadability, and 6.39 ± 0.01 pH. The results of the release of active substances showed that the F1 formula was able to release 49.9% of active substances in 10 minutes and within 480 minutes was able to release 96.54% of active substances with a total flux of 5.36 µg / cm2 minutes which fulfill the release requirement.Based on these results, it can be concluded that glyceryl polyacrylate with a concentration of 1% can produce good nanoemulgel.
An Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) Sensor System for Building Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Huang Qian , Kieffer Kyle
Published: July 2021

One of the world’s largest sources of energy dissipation is heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), which accounts for 40% of total electricity use in the United States. The main challenge of current HVAC systems is that their operation is determined by a set of predefined setpoints regardless of the actual building occupancy status. This is wasteful, especially when no or fewer people occupy buildings, while these HVAC systems deliver more than enough fresh air. Occupancy-driven HVAC control is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of HVAC systems. In this paper, we will address the next-generation sensor hardware design and explore new system architectures. We systematically investigate, design, and implement a lowcost, hybrid smart sensor platform for accurate occupancy counting towards energy-efficient buildings. Specifically, the proposed hardware architecture is wisely divided into two modules: main and gate monitoring modules. Five heterogeneous sensors are integrated into this architecture to collect richer building environmental parameters, including temperature, humidity. CO2, acoustic, and infrared signals. These sensor signals can be fused and analyzed for cross-correlation to increase the accuracy of building occupancy counting. The proposed systems have been implemented in breadboards and PCB boards. Experimental measurements have validated system functionality and performance.
Throughput Prediction Across Heterogeneous Boundaries in Wireless Communications
Authors: Sayeed Rayyan , Miller Raymond , Sayeed Zulfiquar
Published: July 2021

In this paper we demonstrate how an estimated functional kernel-regression polynomial from a particular RF technology can be created by the mobiles being served by that technology. A 3rd order polynomial description of the regression can be used to predict future throughput by observing the “pilot” quality prior to handover. The UE may use it to predict the throughput it will get in the new technology 50 to 200 m-sec prior to handover. The prediction can inform the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) layer or the application layer of the upcoming handover and the throughput expected after handover so that the user application receives the best quality of service. This paper is an extended version of the paper presented at IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2015 [1]. It extends the paper with expanded foundational knowledge and explanation of the results and their implications. In this paper we: • propose that there is a way to predict the unobservable quality metrics in the new cell prior to commencement of the handover. This is achieved by 1) a prediction mechanism and 2) a signaling mechanism. In this paper we focus on the prediction mechanism. • propose that the observable metric (“pilot” quality) is predicted with prediction error below 9% with prediction step sizes of 200 m-sec. • show that the throughput metric (we choose bits/physical-resourceblock = β) can be predicted with error below 8% with prediction horizon of 200 m-sec.
Trading Off a Vulnerability: Does Software Obfuscation Increase the Risk of ROP Attacks
Authors: P. Joshi Harshvardhan , Dhanasekaran Aravindhan , Dutta Rudra
Published: July 2021

Software obfuscation is a commonly used technique to protect software, especially against reverse-engineering attacks. It is a form of security through obscurity and is commonly used for intellectual property and Digital Rights Management protection. However, this increase of security may come at the expense of increased vulnerabilities in another direction, hitherto unsuspected. In this paper, we propose and investigate the hypothesis that some of the most popular obfuscation techniques, including changing the control flow graph and substituting simpler instruction sequences with complex instructions, may make the obfuscated binary more vulnerable to Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) based attacks. ROP is a comparatively recent technique used to exploit buffer-overflow vulnerabilities. We analyze the ROP gadgets present in both obfuscated and un-obfuscated versions of well known binaries.We show that the number of ROP gadgets in a binary significantly increase after certain obfuscations, and it can potentially make ROP-based exploits easier.
The Economic Impact in Biosecurity Breach – The Perspective of a Translational Scientist
Authors: Rameshwar Pranela
Published: July 2021

This short opinion article discusses the overlooked problem of protecting biological data generated in biotechnology companies and at universities. This type of security should fall under the umbrella of a biosecurity and perhaps as a subgroup of cybersecurity. The article discusses some of the problems and address how the security, universities and scientists could begin to form teams to ensure the security of the data. More importantly, the article also discusses the economic impact of breach in the security data.
Challenges of Network Forensic Investigation in Virtual Networks
Authors: Spiekermann Daniel , Eggendorfer Tobias
Published: July 2021

The evolution of virtualization techniques is changing operating principles in today’s datacenters. Virtualization of servers, networks and storage increases the flexibility and dynamic of the environment by reducing the administrative overhead. Based on a physical underlay network, different logical networks are implemented with new protocols like VXLAN, STT or GENEVE. New paradigms like Software-Defined-Networks or Network Function Virtualization offer new capabilities to redesign the whole network infrastructure. This trend creates new challenges for digital investigations analysing incidents by extracting and interpreting recorded data inside the environment. As a branch of digital investigation, network forensic investigation is used to examine network traffic by capturing the data of a suspicious target system and analysing this data. In this article, we analyse in detail new challenges in investigating virtual networks.We propose a classification in three categories, which might help to develop new methods and possible solutions to simplify further necessary investigations in virtual network environments. The defined challenges are classified according their potential to impede the investigation. Based on this classification we derive a list of basic conditions, describing different necessary requirements to implement a successful, valid and ongoing network forensic investigation in these virtual networks.
An ECC/DCT-Based Robust Video Steganography Algorithm for Secure Data Communication
Authors: Mstafa Ramadhan J. , Elleithy Khaled M.
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the science of information hiding has gained tremendous significance due to advances in information and communication technology. The performance of any steganographic algorithm relies on the embedding efficiency, embedding payload, and robustness against attackers. Low hidden ratio, less security, and low quality of stego videos are the major issues of many existing steganographic methods. In this paper, we propose a novel video steganography method in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain based on error correcting codes (ECC). To improve the security of the proposed algorithm, a secret message is first encrypted and encoded by using Hamming and BCH codes. Then, it is embedded into the DCT coefficients of video frames. The hidden message is embedded into DCT coefficients of each Y, U, and V planes excluding DC coefficients. The proposed algorithm is tested under two types of videos that contain slow and fast moving objects. The experiential results of the proposed algorithm are compared with three existing methods. The comparison results show that our proposed algorithm outperformed other algorithms. The hidden ratio of the proposed algorithm is approximately 27.53%, which is considered as a high hiding capacity with a minimal tradeoff of the visual quality. The robustness of the proposed algorithm was tested under different attacks.
Modifying LFSR of ZUC to Reduce Time for Key-Stream Generation
Authors: Muthalagu Raja , Jain Subeen
Published: July 2021

ZUC is stream-cipher which generates 32-bit key-stream by using 128-bit initial key and 123-bit initial vector. It encrypts the plaintext data to produce cipher-text data. The 128-EEA3 encryption and 128-EIA3 authentication algorithms are based on ZUC which are specified for use in 3GPP cellular communications systems. The algorithm is divided in three stages: LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register), Bit Reorganization (BR) and, Non-Linear Function. In this paper, we are going to discuss about our modifications proposed for LFSR along with small change in operation of Non-linear Function which can reduce time for generating key-stream. Many attacks based on weakness of LFSR due to its linearity are proposed which in turn makes ZUC susceptible to various attacks based on LFSR. As we know in the structure of LFSR, non-linearity is provided in last block of LFSR by feedback operation while all other being clocked with previous value of LFSR, so we have introduced bit-shifting and circular shift operations on few blocks of LFSR output of which will be taken as input to other blocks of LFSR.
An Investigation on HTTP/2 Security
Authors: Suresh Meenakshi , Amritha P. P. , Mohan Ashok Kumar , Kumar V. Anil
Published: July 2021

In the current world scenario where everyone is using the Internet, it is becoming a strenuous task to preserve security. Furthermore the world is becoming progressively digital by the passing of each minute.Alarge portion of the Internet is conducted using the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). But in 2015, it underwent a consequential enhancement and was released as HTTP/2. HTTP/2 includes pipelining, response multiplexing, server push and header compression using HPACKbesides the properties of HTTP/1.1. These properties make it difficult for the eavesdroppers to monitor or fingerprint a website running on HTTP/2. This paper deals with the research on how strong the HTTP/2 protocol keeps the user information hidden and secure. By monitoring a live network traffic, its properties with HTTP/2 is assessed. This study helps understand the different aspects of the protocol and its influence on the network and browsers.
Isolating Rumors Using Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Sivasangari V. , Mohan Ashok Kumar , Suthendran K. , Sethumadhavan M.
Published: July 2021

In recent days, social media has become a platform to spread false facts all the way through internet. One of the growing data analytic engine from web informal organization says, twitter has become the prime source for spreading fake news facilitating numerous perpetrators around the globe. It has turned into a competent, speedy cum effortless hotspot for news-fans to just click and forward junk data. Individuals are opting to use twitter for searching information regarding crisis circumstances and everyday occasions. In twitter, the spread of fraudulent or inaccurate information during the emergency situations will affect the individuals and public in numerous ways, but the original news is more reliable when it is declared by the news channels. So, the importance of proposed framework is categorized in three steps; Initially, Twitter Scraper is applied to scrape the vast volume of tweets and metadata from the collected set of tweets for the study on former Chief Minister (state of Tamil Nadu) death case controversy during 2016. Then the threshold value based on negative polarity of common tweets for the scraped data is calculated, once the tweeted texts are different from the threshold condition it will be automatically tagged as ‘rumor’ (negative) or else tagged as ‘non-rumor’ (positive) using sentiment classifier. Finally, the proposed model on VADER based sentiment analysis identifies the false facts. It is obtained as a result of the sample tweets regularly training and testing it on whole datasets.
A human skin ultrasonic imaging to analyse its mechanical properties
Authors: Delalleau Alexandre , Josse Gwendal , George Jérôme , Mofid Yassine , Ossant Frédéric , Lagarde Jean-Michel
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the skin mechanical behaviour is a key-point for different field of investigation. As the skin is a complex structure, studies are usually based on inverse methods that compare experimental and finite element numerical results. Besides the considered behaviour law, one of the most important question concerns the geometrical aspects of the skin tissue. In this paper, it is shown how high frequency ultrasound imaging helps the calculation of skin mechanical parameters. The hypodermis influence is firstly discussed through elastographic analyses. A specific procedure to measure the dermis thickness is then proposed to highlight that such a measurement must be considered to draw reliable conclusions. The obtained results are finally discussed to point out the interest of such simplifications for the study of more complex behaviour laws.
New experimental techniques for dynamic crack localization
Authors: Grégoire David , Maigre Hubert , Morestin Fabrice
Published: July 2021

The determination of relevant constitutive crack propagation laws under dynamic loading is a rather challenging operation. In dynamic impact cases, the variations of propagation parameters and exact crack positions are difficult to control. This paper focuses on different techniques for measuring accurate crack tip position histories in dynamic crack propagation experiments. Two different methods are considered: very accurate crack tip localization by optical displacement sensors is first described for transparent materials; then, an automatic method based on digital image correlation is presented for crack localization in all brittle materials whatever their opacity.
Combining phase field approach and homogenization methods for modelling phase transformation in elastoplastic media
Authors: Ammar Kais , Appolaire Benoît , Cailletaud Georges , Forest Samuel
Published: July 2021

A general constitutive framework is proposed to incorporate linear and nonlinear mechanical behaviour laws into a standard phase field model. In the diffuse interface region where both phases coexist, two mixture rules for strain and stress are introduced, which are based on the Voigt/Taylor and Reuss/Sachs well-known homogenization schemes and compared to the commonly used mixture rules in phase field models. Finite element calculations have been performed considering an elastoplastic precipitate growing in an elastic matrix in order to investigate the plastic accommodation processes.
Parametric modal analysis of the brain-CSF-skull system
Authors: Baroudi Adil El , Razafimahery Fulgence , Rakotomanana Lalaonirina R.
Published: July 2021

Dynamical behavior of the head during an impact is important for analyzing the induced local damage or diffuse damage in the brain tissue. We determine in the present study the natural frequencies and the modal shapes of the system of brain, cerebro-spinal fluid and skull. Two models are presented in this work: an elastic-acoustic model assuming a rigid skull and an elastic-acoustic-elastic model assuming a deformable skull. It is shown that natural frequencies and more significantly the modal shapes are strongly influenced by the interaction between solid phases (brain and skull) and the cerebro-spinal fluid.
High-order LES of the flow over a simplified car model
Authors: Minguez Matthieu , Pasquetti Richard , Serre Eric
Published: July 2021

We study the influence of the Reynolds number on the Ahmed body flow for the subcritical incidence . =25°. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) have been performed at low Reynolds number Re=8322, in agreement with the experiments of Spohn and Gillieron (2002), for the configuration used by Lienhart et al. (2002) at Re=768000. Our simulations, based on a spectral Chebyshev collocation-Galerkin Fourier method, have been carried out with a parallel multi-domain solver. The LES capability is implemented by a Spectral Vanishing Viscosity (SVV) technique. The results globally point out that the topology of the flow is essentially determined by the body geometry.
In vivo personalized finite element modeling of the knee joint derived from MRI images
Authors: Sangeux Morgan , Marin Frédéric , Charleux Fabrice , Ho Ba Tho Marie-Christine
Published: July 2021

This paper adresses the methodology used to model the knee joint in vivo from MRI images. The knee joint model obtained is subject specific. The paper presents all the treatment procedure: Geometrical acquisitions, Joint movement analysis, Meshing techniques and nonlinear finite element modeling with contact between the bones, the cartilage and the menisci. The model provides the contact pressure applied on the various components of the joint for one normal subject.
In vivo measurements of blood viscosity and wall stiffness in the carotid using PC-MRI
Authors: Avril Stephane , Huntley Jonathan M. , Cusack Rhodri
Published: July 2021

A method is proposed for deducing blood viscosity and wall stiffness in the carotid from Phase-Contrast MRI data. The approach is based on Womersley’s model of blood flow derived from the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations, assuming blood as a Newtonian fluid and the artery as a linear elastic cylindrical pipe. After presenting its principle, the approach is applied to the experimental data obtained on a single volunteer. Promising results are obtained.
A non-concurrent multiscale method for computing the response of hyperelastic heterogeneous structures
Authors: Yvonnet Julien , Chang He Qi-
Published: July 2021

We propose a new numerical method for computing the response of structures made of heterogeneous nonlinear elastic materials. The first step is to define a representative volume element (r.v.e.) associated to the microstructure. Then, the effective potential, or the overall strain density function, is computed numerically for a finite set of points in the macroscopic strains space. In the computation of structure, stress and tangent stiffness tensors can be obtained through interpolation and derivation in the discrete set of potential values. Material properties contrast, anisotropy and morphology of microstructure are arbitrary.
A time variational method to couple heterogeneous time integrators
Authors: Combescure Alain , Mahjoubi Najib , Gravouil Anthony , Greffet Nicolas
Published: July 2021

This paper is devoted to a brief presentation of recent research results upon structural mechanics code coupling in transient analysis. The domain is supposed to be decomposed into a series of sub domains which are treated independently with their own time integration scheme and or their own code. The paper gives a general method which allows to couple these subdomains. The proposed method is rather general and based upon a weak vision of dynamic equilibrium equation. This new vision allows to design a coupling strategy which ensure by design that no energy is introduced or dissipated in the interfaces between the sub domains. The proposed coupling method hence does not perturb the quality of the time integrators of each sub domain. This also allows to develop a general code coupler for transient dynamics. Two examples are given to illustrate the paper.
Elastic electron scattering using the finite element method
Authors: Aubry Denis , Lenaig Hamon Ann- , Puel Guillaume
Published: July 2021

We address here the case of electron-matter elastic interaction as it occurs in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) experiments. In the forward problem, we show that it is possible to derive the scattered electron wave function as the solution of a Helmholtz equation. This equation depends on the spatial potential associated with the analyzed sample, and can be relevantly solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Then we present an inverse formulation dealing with the determination of the sample’s potential when the total wave function is measured at the exit plane of the sample.
An improvement within XFEM of the bonding between the enrichment area and the classical finite elements
Authors: Chahine Elie , Laborde Patrick , Renard Yves
Published: July 2021

We are interested in XFEM strain calculations of a cracked elastic body. It is already known that with XFEM, the approximation quality is distorted by the layer of elements lying between the singular enrichment area and the rest of the mesh. In the following work, we replace this transition layer by a "mortar" type integral bonding condition at the interface between the two areas. We prove how the proposed approach enhance significantly the approximation.
Implémentation éléments finis du modèle hyperélastique anisotrope HGO
Authors: Peyraut François , Chamoret Dominique , Gomes Samuel , Feng Zhi-Qiang
Published: July 2021

Anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive laws are often used to determine strain and stress in biological soft tissues such as ligaments, tendons or arterial walls. In this paper, the implementation of the HGO model in the finite element code FER is presented. Three numerical examples are studied: homogeneous uniaxial tension test where analytical solutions are available; uniaxial tension test highlighting the anisotropic behavior (contracting and swelling of the section in two perpendicular directions); contact and impact between hand and soft biological tissues in the framework of application using a virtual mannequin generator.
Monolithic stabilized finite element method for rigid body motions in the incompressible Navier-Stokes flow
Authors: Feghali Stephanie , Hachem Elie , Coupez Thierry
Published: July 2021

We propose a new immersed volume method for solving rigid body motions in the incompressible Navier-Stokes flow. The used monolithic formulation gives rise to an extra stress tensor in the Navier-Stokes equations coming from the presence of the structure in the fluid. The system is solved using a finite element variational multiscale (VMS) method, which consists in here of a decomposition for both the velocity and the pressure fields into coarse/resolved scales and fine/unresolved scales. The distinctive feature of the proposed approach resides in the efficient enrichment of the extra constraint. We assess the behaviour and accuracy of the proposed formulation in the simulation of 2D and 3D examples.
Proper Generalized Decomposition method for incompressible flows in stream-vorticity formulation
Authors: Dumon Antoine , Allery Cyrille , Ammar Amine
Published: July 2021

In this work, the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) method will be considered in order to solve Navier-stokes equations with a stream-vorticity formulation by looking for the solution as a sum of tensor product functions. In the first stage, PGD will be applied to a model equation in order to test the capacity of the method to treat some timedependent problem. Then, we will solve the Navier-Stokes problem in the case of the liddriven cavity for different Reynolds numbers (Re = 100, 1000 and 10000). Finally, the PGD method will be compared to the standard resolution technique, both in terms of CPU time and accuracy.
A Mindlin multilayered hybrid-mixed approach for laminated and sandwich structures without shear correction factors
Authors: Tafla Achraf , Ayad Rezak , Sedira Lakhdar
Published: July 2021

A new hybrid-mixed variational approach for the linear analysis of laminated and sandwich plates, without transverse shear correction factors, is presented. It’s based on the first order theory of Reissner/Mindlin. A quadratic approximation through the thickness is proposed for transverse shear stresses (continuity C-1), and two equilibrium equations are used for their approximation. This reduces in consequence the number of interpolation parameters of bending stresses, which are eliminated using the static condensation technique. The proposed approach has been adapted to a quadrilateral 4-node finite element, free of locking, to which performances have been analyzed using some known problems of sandwich and laminated structures.
Comparaison de différentes approches pour la simulation numérique d’impacts hydrodynamiques
Authors: Jacques Nicolas , Constantinescu Adrian , Kerampran Steven , Nême Alain
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to compare several simulation methods for hydrodynamic impact problems. For this purpose, three models has been developed: (i) a finite element model based on the Wagner theory, (ii) a finite element model based on a Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation, (iii) a finite volume model based on a two-phase eulerian formalism and the Volume-of-Fluid technique. The different results are compared with published and experimental data.
Polarization of contact forces in multi-contact systems
Authors: Dumont Serge , Fortin Jerôme , Ouafik Youssef
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the homogenized laws modeling the overall behaviour of multi-contact systems. At the moment, these systems are generally analyzed either by continuum mechanics or micro-mechanics and a multi-scale approach. These approaches differ from the phenomenological approach traditionally used for modeling the behavior of solid materials which is based on mathematical formulations developed in the framework of thermodynamics, whose constants are determined from results of laboratory tests. The lack of basic physics in these formulations leads to mathematical models that are often complex and difficult to identify. The multi-scale approach appears well suited to address these difficulties. This study aims at quantification using the Discrete Element method (Jean, 1999; Fortin et al., 2005) polarization phenomena of contact forces.
A Convergent three Field Quadrilateral Finite Element Method for Simulating Viscoelastic Flow on Irregular Meshes
Authors: Ruas Victoriano
Published: July 2021

In a recent paper a finite elemenJ method for solving the three field Stokes system as a basis for the numerical solution of viscoelastic fluid flow problems was introduced. The method constructed upon a biquadratic velocity, a discontinuous linear pressure and a bilinear extra stress tensor interpolation in quadrilaterals, enriched with fifteen bubble tensors, has been proved to yield second order approximations of these variables, in the case of rectangular meshes. In this work equivalent results are proven to hold in the case of irregular meshes.
Méthode du gradient projeté avec contrôle d’erreur
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Son , Duprat Frédéric , Sellier Alain , Pons Gérard
Published: July 2021

Probabilistic approaches are today frequently used in the design of new civil engineering structures and durability analysis of existing constructions. The so-called Hasofer-Lind’s reliability index is the most popular reliability measure in design codes. This index can be determined by several minimizations under constraint algorithms, such as Rackwitz-Fiessler’s algorithm which is based on the projected gradient method. The drawback of this method lies in the estimation of the gradient vector of the limit state function which is often carried out by finite differences. If the perturbation chosen for this estimation gives a variation of the result lower than the accuracy of the limit state function, the algorithm could give erroneous results, not even to converge. In order to circumvent this drawback, we propose a method called projected gradient method with error control. The principle is to add to Rackwitz-Fiessler’s algorithm a procedure for choosing judiciously the perturbation for calculating the gradient vector accounting for the numerical accuracy of the limit state function. The efficiency of the proposed method can be judged from examples taken from the literature.
Time Lag-Based Modelling for Software Vulnerability Exploitation Process
Authors: Anand Adarsh , Bhatt Navneet , Kaur Jasmine , Tamura Yoshinobu
Published: July 2021

With the increase in the discovery of vulnerabilities, the expected exploits occurred in various software platform has shown an increased growth with respect to time. Only after being discovered, the potential vulnerabilities might be exploited. There exists a finite time lag in the exploitation process; from the moment the hackers get information about the discovery of a vulnerability and the time required in the final exploitation. By making use of the time lag approach, we have developed a framework for the vulnerability exploitation process that occurred in multiple stages. The time lag between the discovery and exploitation of a vulnerability has been bridged via the memory kernel function over a finite time interval. The applicability of the proposed model has been validated using various software exploit datasets.
Security Implications and Considerations for Femtocells
Authors: Chen Jing , Wong Marcus
Published: July 2021

A Femto system is able to provide new services with higher data rate at relatively lower cost than traditional cellular system. Operators have already indicated their interest in this area and the number of deployments is ever increasing. Security is a critical part of Femto in all aspects of the operation of Femto services. In this paper, we analyze the security of Femto based on 3GPP system architecture. In addition, we will look into the details of other security aspects of Femto system, including security requirement and security mechanism.