bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible hybrid photodetector based on silver sulfide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kim Sung Ho , Lim Jieun , Lee Seonjeong , Kang Myung Hyun , Song Wooseok , Lim Jongsun , Lee Sunsuk , Kim Eun Kyoung , Park Joung Kyu , Myung Sung
Published: July 2021

In this study, we reported a wearable photodetector based on hybrid nanocomposites, such as carbon materials and biocompatible semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), exhibiting excellent photoresponsivity and superior durability.
Towards the systematic design of multilayer O/W emulsions with tannic acid as an interfacial antioxidant
Authors: Alexandraki Savvia , Leontidis Epameinondas
Published: July 2021

Three-step method optimizes multilayer emulsion for maximum tannic acid (TA) amount at surfaces. (1) TA–emulsifier bulk interactions assessed. (2) LbL films built for optimal TA presence. (3) Emulsions built as per LbL design and TA action evaluated.
Preparation, characterization and application of CS@PDA@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a new magnetic nano-adsorber for the removal of metals and dyes in wastewater
Authors: Zhang Xingjing , Li Baohe , Han Xiaoqian , Wang Nong
Published: July 2021

Synthesis of CS@PDA@Fe3O4 nanocomposite and heavy metal ion adsorption.
A copper-free and enzyme-free click chemistry-mediated single quantum dot nanosensor for accurate detection of microRNAs in cancer cells and tissues
Authors: Wang Zi-yue , Li Dong-ling , Tian Xiaorui , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: July 2021

A copper-free and enzyme-free click chemistry-mediated single quantum dot nanosensor enables sensitive detection of microRNAs in cancer cells and tissues.
Radical hydroxymethylation of alkyl iodides using formaldehyde as a C1 synthon
Authors: Caiger Lewis , Sinton Conar , Constantin Timothée , Douglas James J. , Sheikh Nadeem S. , Juliá Fabio , Leonori Daniele
Published: July 2021

Halogen-atom transfer (XAT) based on phosphoranyl radical chemistry enables the hydroxymethylation of alkyl iodides with formaldehyde.
A dual vanadium substitution strategy for improving NASICON-type cathode materials for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Lavela P. , Klee R. , Tirado J. L.
Published: July 2021

Al substitution in Na3VAlxCr1−x(PO4)3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) induced a noticeable improvement of capacity at the highest rate, as evidenced by their high diffusion coefficients and low cell resistance.
Impact of PEGDA photopolymerization in micro-stereolithography on 3D printed hydrogel structure and swelling
Authors: Alketbi Afra S. , Shi Yunfeng , Li Hongxia , Raza Aikifa , Zhang TieJun
Published: July 2021

Molecular insights into PEGDA photopolymerization in SLA 3D printing are revealed through spectroscopic, microscopic and computational studies. The impact of processing parameters on microscale swelling dynamics of hydrogels is investigated.
Construction of a pH-sensitive self-assembly in aqueous solutions based on a dansyl-modified β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Jiang Bing , Liu Yu , Zhao Linlin , Zhao Li , Wang Ce , Liu Changyao , Xu Baocai
Published: July 2021

A novel β-cyclodextrin derivative was developed. Similar vesicular structures were formed over the measured pH range (8.5-0.7). The system exhibited potential applications in pH-controlled drug release based on the good biocompatibility.
Recent progress on the synthesis and oxygen reduction applications of Fe-based single-atom and double-atom catalysts
Authors: Yan Yan , Cheng Haoyan , Qu Zehua , Yu Rui , Liu Fan , Ma Qianwen , Zhao Shuang , Hu Hao , Cheng Yu , Yang Chongyang , Li Zaifeng , Wang Xu , Hao Shaoyu , Chen Yuyu , Liu Mingkai
Published: July 2021

Single-atom and double-atom catalysts have emerged as a new Frontier in many fields due to their high atom-utilization efficiency, excellent catalytic properties and good durability.
3D printed polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate/magnesium peroxide oxygen releasing scaffold enhances osteogenesis and implanted BMSCs survival in repairing the large bone defect
Authors: Peng Ziyue , Wang Chengqiang , Liu Chun , Xu Haixia , Wang Yihan , Liu Yang , Hu Yunteng , Li Jianjun , Jin Yanglei , Jiang Cong , Liu Liangle , Guo Jiasong , Zhu Lixin
Published: July 2021

Fabricate a MgO2-contained scaffold by 3D printing to improve ischemia and hypoxia in bone defect area.
Hyperbranched polymer with dynamic thiol–aldehyde crosslinking and its application as a self-healable bioadhesive
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Li Xiaojie , Bai Guanghang , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoya
Published: July 2021

HBPTE and PEGCHO were synthesized and used to design a solventless bioadhesive with reversible and relatively strong bonding performance, which could be applied using a hot-melt strategy.
Fire/heat-resistant, anti-corrosion and folding Ti2C3Tx MXene/single-walled carbon nanotube films for extreme-environmental EMI shielding and solar-thermal conversion applications
Authors: Zhou Bing , Li Yanli , Li Zhaoyang , Ma Jianmin , Zhou Keqing , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Feng Yuezhan
Published: July 2021

A nacre-like MXene/CNT film with high-performance EMI shielding and solar-thermal conversion shows huge potential for application in various extreme environments.
Nanomaterials for bioprinting: functionalization of tissue-specific bioinks
Authors: Theus Andrea S. , Ning Liqun , Jin Linqi , Roeder Ryan K. , Zhang Jianyi , Serpooshan Vahid
Published: July 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is rapidly evolving, offering great potential for manufacturing functional tissue analogs for use in diverse biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and disease modeling. Biomaterials used as bioinks in printing processes must meet strict physiochemical and biomechanical requirements to ensure adequate printing fidelity, while closely mimicking the characteristics of the native tissue. To achieve this goal, nanomaterials are increasingly being investigated as a robust tool to functionalize bioink materials. In this review, we discuss the growing role of different nano-biomaterials in engineering functional bioinks for a variety of tissue engineering applications. The development and commercialization of these nanomaterial solutions for 3D bioprinting would be a significant step towards clinical translation of biofabrication.
Multi‐UAV cooperative trajectory optimisation for a multi‐hop UAV relaying network
Authors: Liu Cuntao , Guo Yan , Li Ning , Zhou Bin
Published: July 2021

In this letter, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted data collection scenario is considered in the Internet of Things (IoT), where a multi‐hop UAV relaying network is constructed for real‐time data transmission. Taking the minimisation of the completion time of data collection, a non‐convex multi‐UAV trajectory optimisation problem is formulated, and it is converted to a cooperative hover position selection problem when “Hover‐Forwarding” data transmission mode is adopted. “Equal Distance” hover location selection scheme is proposed and analysed theoretically, based on which, an improved adaptive differential evolution algorithm (IADEA) is proposed to solve the hover position selection problem effectively. Simulation results show that IADEA can achieve an objective value that is no more than 8% higher than the optimal value, and it is more efficient than traditional genetic algorithm.
An improved 24‐pulse rectifier for harmonic mitigation in more electric aircraft
Authors: Abdollahi R. , Gharehpetian G. B. , Anvari‐Moghaddam A. , Blaabjerg F.
Published: July 2021

To increase the power rating and reduce the cost and complexity of a multi‐pulse rectifier (MPR), it is well known that the pulse number must be increased. In some practical cases, a 12‐pulse rectifier (12PR) is suggested as a good solution considering its relatively simple structure and low weight. However, 12‐pulse rectifiers cannot technically meet the standards of harmonic distortion requirements for some industrial applications, and therefore they must be used along with output filters. Two cost‐effective 24‐pulse rectifiers (24PRs) are suggested in the article, which consist of a polygon autotransformer 12PR and two pulse doubling circuits (PDCs) at dc link. The first PDC (PDC1) is based on an inter‐phase transformer (IPT) with a step‐up secondary winding, and the second one (PDC2) is based on an IPT with a step‐down secondary winding. To show the advantages of the proposed combinations compared with other solutions, simulation results are used, and also a prototype is implemented to evaluate and verify the simulation results. The simulation and experimental test results show that the total harmonic distortion (%THD) of the input current for the 12PR with PDC1 is less than 3.67%, and the 12PR with PDC2 is less than 1.45%, which meets the IEEE 519 and DO‐160G requirements. Also, it is shown that in comparison with other solutions, the proposed two configurations are cost‐effective, power factor is near unity, rating is almost 29% of the load rating, and the efficiency is almost 97.5%, which makes them a practical solution for more electric aircraft.
Penumbral decay observed in active region NOAA 12585
Authors: Murabito M. , Guglielmino S. L. , Ermolli I. , Romano P. , Jafarzadeh S. , Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M.
Published: July 2021

Context. The physical conditions leading the sunspot penumbra decay are poorly understood so far.

Aims. We investigate the photospheric magnetic and velocity properties of a sunspot penumbra during the decay phase to advance the current knowledge of the conditions leading to this process.

Methods. A penumbral decay was observed with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope on 2016 September 4 and 5 in the active region NOAA 12585. During these days, full-Stokes spectropolarimetric scans along the Fe I 630 nm line pair were acquired over more than one hour. We inverted these observations with the VFISV code to obtain the evolution of the magnetic and velocity properties. We complement the study with data from instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Hinode space missions.

Results. The studied penumbra disappears progressively in time and space. The magnetic flux evolution seems to be linked to the presence of moving magnetic features (MMFs). Decreasing Stokes V signals are observed. Evershed flows and horizontal fields were detected even after the disappearance of the penumbral sector.

Conclusions. The analyzed penumbral decay seems to result from the interaction between opposite polarity fields in type III MMFs and penumbra, while the presence of overlying canopies regulates the evolution in the different penumbral sectors.
Une approche holistique de l’élevage, au cœur des enjeux de santé animale, humaine et environnementale
Authors: Duru Michel , Le Bras Claire , Grillot Myriam
Published: July 2021

Dans les pays occidentaux, les interrogations sur les systèmes d’élevage et la consommation des produits animaux sont de plus en plus nombreuses. Repenser la consommation globale de produits animaux parallèlement à un dimensionnement et une réorientation des élevages devient nécessaire pour des raisons sanitaires et environnementales. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une approche holistique pour faire émerger des pistes de solutions qui tiennent compte des effets d’interdépendance entre la santé des êtres vivants et de leur environnement et de la diversité des situations. Nous montrons que la réduction de la surconsommation actuelle de produits animaux est nécessaire, en particulier pour la viande. Toutefois, les produits animaux apportent des nutriments d’intérêt pour la santé humaine, et certains systèmes d’élevage agroécologiques contribuent à réduire les impacts ou à fournir des externalités positives. Il s’agit de faire évoluer les modes de consommation tout en reconfigurant et réorientant les systèmes d’élevage. Cela implique, entre autres, une prise en compte des échanges internationaux et une évolution des filières pour différentes productions et races animales ou pour les légumineuses par exemple. Pour finir, nous soulignons l’importance du rôle des politiques publiques pour stimuler la mise en place de ces changements, jusque dans l’assiette du consommateur.
Mean-field linear-quadratic stochastic differential games in an infinite horizon
Authors: Li Xun , Shi Jingtao , Yong Jiongmin
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with two-person mean-field linear-quadratic non-zero sum stochastic differential games in an infinite horizon. Both open-loop and closed-loop Nash equilibria are introduced. The existence of an open-loop Nash equilibrium is characterized by the solvability of a system of mean-field forward-backward stochastic differential equations in an infinite horizon and the convexity of the cost functionals, and the closed-loop representation of an open-loop Nash equilibrium is given through the solution to a system of two coupled non-symmetric algebraic Riccati equations. The existence of a closed-loop Nash equilibrium is characterized by the solvability of a system of two coupled symmetric algebraic Riccati equations. Two-person mean-field linear-quadratic zero-sum stochastic differential games in an infinite horizon are also considered. Both the existence of open-loop and closed-loop saddle points are characterized by the solvability of a system of two coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equations with static stabilizing solutions. Mean-field linear-quadratic stochastic optimal control problems in an infinite horizon are discussed as well, for which it is proved that the open-loop solvability and closed-loop solvability are equivalent.
Dairy productivity of Holstein cattle with different genotypes of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene
Authors: Safina Natalia , Shakirov Shamil , Gaynutdinova Elza , Fattakhova Ziliya
Published: July 2021

The aim of the work was to study the traits of dairy productivity of Holstein heifers with different genotypes of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene. The research was conducted in 148 animals of Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Genotyping of cattle was carried out by the PCR-RFLP method at the laboratory of the Department of Agrobiological Research of Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. The results of allele and genotype calling of the PON1 gene showed that the study population is polymorphic and differs in genetic biodiversity. During the analysis of daity productivity, qualitative composition of milk and lactational activity, it was found that cow-heifers with the GG genotype of the PON1 gene were superior to animals with other genotypes in all the test parameters. Thus, it follows that the GG genotype of the PON1 gene has a positive effect on the economic characters of cattle, which can be used in breeding in the future.
Multi-factor analysis and agrolandscape land use design
Authors: Marinina Olga , Grigoreva Olesya , Narozhnyaya Anastasiya
Published: July 2021

The aim of the work was to conduct an agro-ecological assessment of agricultural lands, select a typical test area by key indicators, and conduct a comprehensive analysis with the mapping of the utilisation efficiency of this area. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the fundamental possibility of solving socio-economic and environmental problems of the land use in the context of reforming the land and property complex by the example of a specific project. The algorithm of the land management actions for efficient economic use of the territory of the key site has been offered. The proposed measures are based on the organisation of an arable land with the allocation of field, grain-grass and soil-protective crop rotations, grassing-down of spillways, and conservation of a low-productive arable land, design of a field-protective forest range, determination of the type of use of natural forage lands, allocation of places for the implementation of erosion-hazardous agricultural land afforestation, organisation of a bee park, clumps of broadleaves and micro-reserves. The prospectivity of transition from a spatial object of lands assessment to their agro-ecological type by means of morphometric analysis of the terrain using GIS-technologies, calculation of territory roughness, determination of the erosion potential of the terrain, and complex integration of the results into the typification of agro-climatic resources has been proved. The prospectivity of use of soil-recovering effects for the development of new models of resource-saving sustainable agriculture has been demonstrated.
Resource-saving technology for oily wastewater treatment in agro-industrial complexes
Authors: Ilyasov O.R. , Koshelev S.N. , Kovaleva O.V. , Khomyakova V.S. , Bykova O.A.
Published: July 2021

The authors of the article consider the problem of protection of water bodies from pollution by oily wastewater from the territory of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex engineering and technical systems. A resource-saving technology for this wastewater treatment using multicomponent sorbents has been developed.
Innovative and export potential of the agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yuldashev N.K. , Nabokov V.I. , Nekrasov K.V. , Tursunov B.O.
Published: July 2021

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is becoming one of the main in the economy of Uzbekistan. In recent years, work has been carried out to reform it fundamentally. The normative and legal framework for its functioning has been formed, public administration has been improved. The market mechanism of management is being introduced. Investments are attracted. The structure of acreage is optimized by reducing cotton crops and placing fruit and vegetable crops on them. New intensive gardens and vineyards are being created, innovative greenhouses are being built. Work is carried out on construction and reconstruction of collectors and hydraulic structures, refrigeration chambers for fruit and vegetable products’ storage, introduction of new equipment and technologies in it. The processing industry is developing, the volume and range of products is increasing, including innovative and its export. Integration of producers and processors of agricultural products is intensifying. At the same time, there are still significant reserves in the agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan. The efficiency in natural resources’ use is low. The irrigated agricultural land are is small. The technical and digital equipment of personal subsidiary farms and labor productivity in them are low. Uzbekistan is implementing a course for innovative development. The President of the Republic approved the Strategy for the agriculture development of the republic for 2020-2030. It sets the tasks of significant increase in the production and processing of agricultural products, expanding its range due to new types of products and its exports. The strategy is successfully executed. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the state management of the agro-industrial complex, the introduction of the market management mechanism, the development of interactions between the complex’s branches, strengthening export potential of the complex, introduction of innovations, digitalization of enterprises’ activities.
Global trends in the improvement of combine harvesters
Authors: Goltyapin V.Ya. , Golubev I.G. , Buklagin D.S.
Published: July 2021

It is noted that the use of foreign experience and achievements in the design of domestic machines is one of the effective tools to accelerate the development of agricultural technologies and equipment. The directions of combine harvester improvement and innovations in their designs are given. It was revealed that the most powerful engines (maximum power of 581 kW) are installed on the combine harvesters “Ideal 10” (Fendt company) and “Lexion 8900 Terra Trac” (Claas company). It is shown that the engine power of the most high-performance combine harvesters reached 581 kW. According to the toxicity of exhaust gases, they meet modern requirements. It is found that the technology of selective catalytic reduction SCR is increasingly used in the designs of combine harvesters. They allow to reduce the emissions of toxic substances into the environment by 2-3 times and reduce fuel costs by 40%, as well as the use of natural gas as fuel. It is revealed that the efficiency of using combine harvesters is increased by improving the engines, threshing devices, separation, cleaning, thresher loading and process control systems, working bodies of headers and cutters.
Justification and calculation of design features of drum-type hydroponics
Authors: Sadov A.A. , Ustyugov A.D. , Chukin I.L. , Potetnya K.M. , Kholmanskikh M.V.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the design features of rotary hydroponics and then obtain a method for calculating the main technical characteristics. Drum (rotary) hydroponics is a promising method of growing on artificial media. The planting surface in this method is located on the inner cylindrical surface of the rotor rotating around the lamp. The design of the rotary hydroponics has a number of advantages such as: smaller installation area due to planting in the cylinder area; energy savings due to rational use of the light source; liquid saving for the formation of a nutrient solution due to the alternate immersion of the roots in a more compact bath. In this paper, a number of theoretical aspects for the calculation of drum (rotary) hydroponic machines is considered to ensure the highest productivity. As a result, a method for calculating the following characteristics was derived: determination of the required radius of the rotor depending on plant height; number of planting spots with a known radius and width of the rotor; minimum amount of necessary nutrient solution; electricity consumed when using LED lamps.
Organizational and economic aspects of functioning of the field of cattle breeding in Ukraine
Authors: Kopytets Nataliia , Voloshyn Volodymyr
Published: July 2021

The article conducted with a scientific assessment and substantiated organizational and economic aspects of the functioning of the field of cattle breeding. The field of cattle breeding has been traditionally and remains one of the leading ones for Ukraine. The dynamics of livestock, milk production and beef and veal production were analyzed. It was established that the main producers of products of cattle breeding were the economy of the population, which provide more than 70 % of production volumes. The problematic issues of the functioning of the field of cattle were generalized: a reduction in the number of cattle, reducing its productivity, deterioration of production indices and its efficiency, unsatisfactory level of feed base, breeding and tribal work and technological support, insufficient state support, reduction of the level of consumption of products of cattle breeding. It was substantiated that the further functioning of the industry and its efficiency depends on the policy of the government and the motivational mechanism. The important areas for increasing the efficiency of the field of cattle are the concentration of production, including on the basis of co-operation of manufacturers, improvement of feed base and tribal affairs, modernization of logistical support, investment and innovation activity was argued
Microclimate control system at poultry enterprises of closed type
Authors: Kostarev Sergey , Kochetova Oksana , Hamidullina Alfia , Sereda Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The microclimate is a set of factors affecting the climate state in a limited space. Keeping and raising animals in agricultural premises is an important stage in the production of agricultural products. Maintaining a favorable microclimate in the room with animals ensures product safety and improvement of their quality. The cultivation of birds in industrial agricultural premises is an important stage in the production and further sale of agricultural products. It is necessary to maintain an optimal microclimate. The deviation of room factors from the norm leads to a decrease in the average daily weight gain and affects the safety of birds, especially in the autumn-winter period, as well as affects its productive egg-laying capacity. It is known that 40...50 % of all energy received by animals from feed goes to maintain a normal body temperature, and the rest - to gain weight and proper development. The food must be of high quality and contain all the necessary micronutrients. Ultimately, the temperature parameters affect the product cost. The ambient temperature directly affects the amount of heat released by the chicken in the initial stage, and the feed consumption accordingly. Deviations of the ambient temperature from the optimal one significantly reduce the growth and development of young birds and increase feed consumption, which leads to additional unplanned financial losses for the farm. An unsatisfactory microclimate, the determining parameter of which is the temperature regime, increases the product cost by 15-20 % and leads to an increase in the selling price for the final consumer. Due to the peculiarities of biological heat release and thermal regulation in young birds, the value of the optimal temperatures for their cultivation varies widely.
Agronomist vacancy in the online labor market: how employers want to see it
Authors: Aletdinova Anna
Published: July 2021

In the article, the author identifies the professional and critical competencies of the Russian agronomist. The purpose of the study is to analyze the requirements of employers for vacancies of agronomists. The main research method is the intellectual analysis of the data of the online labor exchange. The author emphasized that the majority of vacancies contain invitations for full-time employment of agronomists, have requirements for work experience from 1 year to 6 years, salary offers from 25,000 rubles. Employers have more diverse requirements for competencies that differ from the competencies set out in the professional standard.
Effect of ionizing radiation with 1 MeV on phenology of potatoes inhabited by fungiRhizoctonia solaniKuhn
Authors: Bliznyuk Ulyana , Chulikova Natalia , Ipatova Victoria , Malyuga Anna
Published: July 2021

The study perpersents the influence of electron irradiation on on the phenology and productivity of potatoes inhabited by the fungusRhizoctonia solaniKuhn. Potato samples were irradiated with the doses ranging from 0.02 kGy to 3.0 kGy. It was found that the pre-planting irradiation of seed potato tubers with the doses of 0.02-0.15 kGy led to a delay in plant development, and irradiation of tubers with over 0.2 kGy resulted in the death of plants. The maximum number of large tubers was obtained from samples irradiated with the dose of 0.15 kGy. The yield of potato tuber samples irradiated with the dose of 0.02 kGy corresponded to that of the control samples. Irradiation of potato seed tubers with a dose of 0.04 kGy led to a significant decrease in the colonization of the surface of tubers of the new crop withRhizoctonia solani, while irradiation of potato tubers with a dose of 0.15 kGy completely eliminated the pathogen.
State, problems and prospects for the development of sugar beet seed production in the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Shevchenko Anatoliy G. , Logvinov Aleksey V. , Mishchenko Vladimir N. , Koshkin Sergey S.
Published: July 2021

A retrospective analysis of the state of sugar beet seed production in the Krasnodar Territory has been carried out. The problems are reflected and the factors of intensification of the seed-growing process are named as a necessary condition for the restoration of domestic seedgrowing and an increase in the proportion of seeds of the Kuban selection in the crops of sugar beet in the North-Caucasian region. The results of production testing of sugar beet hybrids selected by the FSBSI “Pervomaysky Selection und Experimental Station of Sugar Beets” in 2019-2020 are presented.
Inventory of forest belts on agricultural lands of Streletsky rural settlement of Belgorodsky district of Belgorod region
Authors: Melentyev Anton A.
Published: July 2021

From 2016, on the territory of the Belgorod region, the project ‘Formation of a system for maintenance and reproduction of fieldprotective woodlands (forest belts) on agricultural lands in the Belgorod region’ is being implemented. The main goal of this project is to ensure safety and maintenance in proper condition of at least 50 thousand hectares of protective woodland (forest belts) on the territory of the Belgorod region by securing responsibility of specific land users and (or) local authorities. Based on the results of this work, materials for calculating the areas of former farms in the Belgorod region were collected and systematized; on the territories of urban and rural settlements of the Belgorod region, on basis of the data obtained, an inventory of field-protective, gully forest belts and forest belts, adjacent to local highways, has to be carried out, an inventory of forest belts adjacent to highways of regional importance has to be carried out, municipal applications for cleaning and mulching forest belts has to be drawn up. Thus, assessment of the state of forest belts of the Belgorod region and their subsequent restoration or revegetation is carried out.
Study of phenolic compounds and lipids of grape pomace
Authors: Ageyeva Natalia , Tikhonova Anastasia , Biryukova Svetlana , Globa Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the research of the makeup of phenolic compounds and fatty acids of grape pomace. The phenolic compounds were identified in skin and seed extracts and in extracts of skin-and-seed mixtures; the fatty acids – in grape oil generated by direct pressing. It was established that anthocyanins were present mainly in the skins. Low concentrations of ten components of the anthocyanin complex were identified in the Saperavi seeds. Maximum amounts of anthocyanins were found in the Saperavi skins. The concentration of quercetin distinguished by a PP-vitamin activity was by 1.5 to 2.0 times higher in the skin-andseed mixtures, especially of Roesler grapes, than in the skin itself. Maximum amounts of flavan-3-ols, hydroxy-cinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids and oligomeric procyanidins, as well as the highest antioxidant activity were observed in the skin-and-seed mixture. The highest value of the correlation factor was observed in cases of interaction of antioxidant activity and concentration of procyanidins (r = 0.83), antioxidant activity and concentration of anthocyanins (r = 0.78), and antioxidant activity and concentration of flavan-3-ols (r = 0.75). Among the flavan-3-ols, it was (+)-D-Catechin that prevailed in grape seeds, with its concentration in the Pinot Noir extract (OAO APF Fanagoria) reaching 468 mg/dm3. Maximum concentration of Epigallocatechin-gallate was observed in the Saperavi and Pinot Noir seeds. As regards the concentration of hydroxy-cinnamic acids in the seeds, n-coumaric acid (Ancellotta, Saperavi) stood apart among the others; gallic acid (Saperavi, Ancellotta) came forward among the hydroxy-benzoic acids. In the reviewed samples of grape seeds, procyanidins of groups В1 , В2 and В3 distinguished by high antioxidant activity prevailed. Prevalence of linoleic and oleic acids was established for grape oil extracted from the seeds of such red grape varieties as Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Saperavi. Maximum concentrations of oleic acid were found in the Pinot Noir and Riesling seeds. Palmitic and stearic acids were also available in rather high concentrations in the grape oil.
Design and technological aspects of spiked cereal combine stripping
Authors: Maslov Gennady , Yudina Elena , Ushakov Denis , Samurganov Gavriil
Published: July 2021

The article proposes system research of the spiked cereals harvesting process by a combine stripping, when the stripping header and the grain heap clearing are performed by one harvesting unit based on a self-propelled all-wheel drive combine harvester with a modernized design and technological scheme, in contrast to their aggregation by conventional batch-produced harvesters, which do not provide the harvesting quality according to the agrotechnical requirements. The commonly used aggregation of high-performance stripper headers by series combine harvesters, does not give an effect from the technology of combine stripping due to such violations of agrotechnical requirements as grain crushing for up to 1,9 %, its direct losses off the combine for up to 1,5 %, high kernel micro-damage, etc. With the use of a system approach, the design and technological aspects of spiked cereal combine stripping have been proposed, the use of which will eliminate the disadvantages of the used combine stripping while maintaining the high achievements of this technology in increasing labor productivity by 1,4 ... 2,0 times and saving diesel fuel for up to 45 %. In the principles of improving the technology by combine stripping, proposed by the authors, the requirements for its subsystems are given, indicating the main parameters of the stripping header and the combine harvester that aggregates it for clearing an unwinnowed grain heap. The proposed approach will enable to accelerate the spiked cereal stripping technology implementation with a high increase in the harvesting unit performance by 1,4 ... 2,0 times and with a fuel economy for up to 45 %.
Optimization of the parameters of the rotary working body for harrowing crops
Authors: Serguntsov Alexander , Belyakov Ivan
Published: July 2021

The rotary harrow loosens the surface layer of the soil when working, removing the soil crust, but the process of how the number of needles in the soil and the diameter of the working body affect it, is not completely understood. These questions are considered in the course of the study. We have supplemented theoretical provisions in relation to passive rotary working bodies.
Use of Plant-Based Fuels in Diesel Engines
Authors: Kulev Maxim , Kulev Andrew , Kuleva Natalya , Ivanov Oleg
Published: July 2021

One of the ways to reduce the consumption of oil-based liquid fuels and reduce air pollution is to increase the use of so-called nontraditional or alternative energy carriers in road transport. The most promising from this point of view are plant-based fuels.
Research results of agrotechnical indicators of universal seed-fertilizer stubble drill SZS-4U
Authors: Kambulov S. I. , Bozhko I. V. , Boyko A. A. , Podlesniy D. S. , Vodianitskaya L. A.
Published: July 2021

As known, seed drills are the most complex agricultural machines in terms of the performed technological process since they include a number of sequentially or concurrent operations. The modern crop farming technologies shall include practices that improve soil fertility through the application of organic and mineral fertilizers. Sustainable crop production is carried out with environmentally friendly and economically competitive farming methods. The object of this paper is to determine the main agrotechnical parameters of universal seed-fertilizer stubble drill SZS-4U. The research methodology has involved determination of the main agrotechnical parameters of the seeder. Based on the research results it was found that the uneven seeding of winter and spring wheat at two speed modes was 2,98% and 3,04%, for spring barley is was 2,70% and 3,00%, mineral fertilizers – 7,57% and 7,69%. With the optimum depth of the openers, the actual depth of seeds placement of spring wheat was 56,5 and 48,9 mm, winter wheat – 44,5 and 43,9 mm, spring barley – 48,0 and 44,3 mm, these data meets a given depth of seeding. After SZS-4U has passed there’s been retained 68,12 – 72,38 percent (%) of stubble on unprepared or minimally prepared grounds, and these values meet agrotechnical requirements which stipulate at least 65 ± 10%. Thus, we can conclude that the universal seed-fertilizer stubble drill SZS-4U meets all agrotechnical requirements and stipulated indicators in terms of sowing winter wheat, spring barley, and spring wheat with simultaneous fertilization.
Optimization of Slow Pyrolysis of Bamboo for Biochar Production using Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array
Authors: Moni MNZ , Yusuf Suzana , Manaf ASA , Rahman Waqiuddin
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the effects of three parameters (reaction temperature, feedstock particle size and nitrogen flow rate) towards the solid (char) yield from the pyrolysis of bamboo. Three-factor, three-level Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array was used as the experimental design. The char yield at reaction temperatures of 300-500°C, feedstock particle size of 100-1000 μm, and nitrogen flow rate of 100-300 ml min−1 were investigated. The maximum solid yield was predicted based on signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and was found to be at 300°C reaction temperature, 1000 μm feedstock particle size and 100 ml min−1 of nitrogen flow rate. Confirmation runs were conducted to validate the prediction at corresponding predicted conditions.
Combined Effect of Dispersion Pressure and Concentration on Minimum Ignition Temperature of Corn Dust using Response Surface Methodology – Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Arshad Ushtar , Buang Azizul , Khanafiah Khafnini
Published: July 2021

Corn dust is a significantly energetic dust and widely used substance in food processing industries. It not only poses dust hazards like suffocation or lungs related issues to the exposed workers but also is highly combustible under a conducive environment. In this study, the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of corn dust clouds was evaluated at varying combinations of dispersion pressure and concentration using a Godbert–Greenwald (G–G) furnace. A response surface was generated using design expert as a tool for the application of response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted R2 and adjusted R2 are reasonably in close agreement as the difference is less than 0.2. The predicted surface is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. However, as this is a preliminary study, the model will be improved in future research.
Modeling of reaction kinetics in generation of hydrogen from wastewater by microbial electrolysis
Authors: Shreenag Meda Ujwal , Molayan Amritanatan Lourdu Antony Raj , Parappa Kruthika
Published: July 2021

High carbon footprints and limited availability of fossil fuels have motivated researchers to find alternatives to fossil fuels and the ways of producing them. Hydrogen is an alternative fuel and can be generated by electrohydrogenesis in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) using wastewater. At times, the microorganisms known as exoelectrogens are added externally to the wastewater in the form of biomass. Biomass serves as a parameter to optimize the yield of hydrogen. In this research work an attempt is made to understand the effect of the biomass concentration on the substrate utilization by the exoelectrogens and product formation. This research work also aims at studying the biochemical reaction kinetics and to identify a model that best describes the kinetics of the reactions involved, at the electrodes. It was observed that on increasing the biomass concentration from 0.7g/L to 1.4 g/L, the gas liberation rate increased from 9.42 ml/day to 15.33 ml/day and substrate utilization increased from 86.8% to 94.3%. This was in close agreement with the solution of the identified model. It was found out that the energy efficiency of MEC improved substantially by 30% and the energy demand was decreased by 38.5% when the initial biomass concentration was doubled.
Decolourization of chicken compost derived liquid fertilizer via synergic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozonation for enhanced microalgae cultivation
Authors: Kam Yik Lam , Lam Man Kee , Cheng Yoke Wang , Dasan Yaleeni Kanna , Lau Sie Yon , Tan Inn Shi , Foo Henry Chee Yew
Published: July 2021

Compost-derived liquid fertilizers are uncostly and nutrient-enriched; however, its dark brown appearance limits light uptake of microalgae during autotrophic cultivation. Here, integrated UV irradiation/ozonation pretreatment was employed to decolourize the compost solution prior to microalgae cultivation. Aforesaid pretreatment could accomplish 16.52 % (8 h) or 40.88 % (24 h) decolorization efficiency by using optimal parameters (initial pH of 12, ozone concentration of 30 mg/L, and ozone flow rate of 3 L/min. Compared to untreated compost solution, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grew better in the medium supplemented with decolourized compost solution (after 24 h UV irradiation/ozonation). For the autotrophic cultivation of C. vulgaris with 10 vol.% compost solution, UV irradiation/ozonation pretreatment eventually increases the microalgae dry weight, specific growth rate, and biomass productivity from 0.58 g/L, 0.14 d-1, and 0.040 g/(L·d) to 0.88 g/L, 0.19 d-1, and 0.065 g/(L·d), respectively. Furthermore, the lipid content of microalgae has been increased by 33.33% with pretreatment of compost solution.
Thermo-mechanical energy harvesting and storage analysis in 0.6BZT-0.4BCT ceramics
Authors: Patel Satyanarayan , Kumar Manish , Kashyap Yashwant
Published: July 2021

Present work shows waste energy (thermal/mechanical) harvesting and storage capacity in bulk lead-free ferroelectric 0.6Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.4(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (0.6BZT-0.4BCT) ceramics. The thermal energy harvesting is obtained by employing the Olsen cycle under different stress biasing, whereas mechanical energy harvesting calculated using the thermo-mechanical cycle at various temperature biasing. To estimate the energy harvesting polarization-electric field loops were measured as a function of stress and temperatures. The maximum thermal energy harvesting is obtained equal to 158 kJ/m3 when the Olsen cycle operated as 25–81 °C (at contact stress of 5 MPa) and 0.25–2 kV/mm. On the other hand, maximum mechanical energy harvesting is calculated as 158 kJ/m3 when the cycle operated as 5–160 MPa (at a constant temperature of 25 °C) and 0.25–2 kV/mm. It is found that the stress and temperature biasing are not beneficial for thermal and mechanical energy harvesting. Further, a hybrid cycle, where both stress and temperature are varied, is also studied to obtain enhanced energy harvesting. The improved energy conversion potential is equal to 221 kJ/m3 when the cycle operated as 25–81 °C, 5–160 MPa and 0.25–2 kV/mm. The energy storage density varies from 43 to 66 kJ/m3 (increase in temperature: 25–81 °C) and 43–80 kJ/m3 (increase in stress: 5–160 MPa). Also, the pre-stress can be easily implemented on the materials, which improves energy storage density almost 100% by stress induced domain switching. The results show that stress confinement can be used to enhance energy storage effectively.
Immunology and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer – Current Aspects
Authors: Bronger Holger
Published: July 2021

In the last decade immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) against the PD-1/PD-L1 system have revolutionised the treatment of numerous entities. To date, ovarian cancer has benefited very little from this success story. Possible causes include a rather low mutational burden compared to other tumour types, inadequate presentation of (neo-)antigens, and increased infiltration with immunosuppressive immune cells such as regulatory T cells and tumour-associated macrophages. In the clinical trials completed to date, the response rates to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have therefore been disappointingly low as well, although isolated long-term remissions have also been observed in ovarian cancer. The task now is to find suitable predictive biomarkers as well as to identify combination partners for ICB therapy that can increase the immunogenicity of ovarian cancer or overcome immunosuppressive resistance mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the immune milieu in ovarian cancer, its impact on the effect of ICB, and summarises the clinical trial data available to date on ICB in ovarian cancer.
A Prospective Study to Assess the Optimal Incubation Times for Culture and Aerobic Bacterial Profile in Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Kaur Mandeep , Bora Prapti , Kumari Pooja , Datta Priya , Gupta Ravi , Chander Jagdish
Published: July 2021

Introduction With an increase in the number of total joint arthroplasties, the count of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is also increasing and has become a nightmare for an orthopaedic surgeon. Microbiological diagnosis is important for administering definitive antimicrobial treatment. Negative culture reports hamper patient management and prolonged incubation periods have increased the culture yield but at the risk of culture contamination in conventional microbiology settings. Thus, we aimed to optimize the best incubation time for culture and the aerobic bacterial profile of PJIs.

Material and Methods Over a year, samples from clinically suspected PJI patients were collected and processed for culture using standard techniques. The samples were incubated for up to 10 days with daily subculturing on to solid media. The bacterial isolates were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was performed.

Results Out of 200 patients, 105 were included in the study and samples were collected in triplicate. In 70 cases culture was positive and 35 were culture negative PJIs. Mean incubation days to culture positivity was 3.6 days with 97.14% culture positivity seen by the seventh day of incubation. Twenty-four percent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and more than 50% extended spectrum β lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated.

Discussion Culture positivity in PJIs provides definitive evidence of infection and guides the treatment. Increasing the incubation times can help in maximizing the culture yield, and we found that 97.14% pathogens grew within 7 days of incubation. Prolonging it further would not provide an added advantage especially in a resource-constraint setting.