bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of Peroxidase and Thyroglobulin by TSH in Cultured Thyroid Cells from Patients with Basedow's Disease and Its Inhibition by Actinomycin D
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Adachi Mitsuo , Kato Ryouji , Kato Shigeru , Ishimatsd Toshiyuki , Nakayama Lwao , Mannen Kazuaki , Mifune Kumato , Obata Toshio
Published: December 2008

The effects of TSH on peroxidase activity (PO) and thyroglobulin (TG) production were investigated using primary cultures of thyroid cells obtained from patients with Basedow's disease (Basedow's cells). PO activity of cultured cells and TG concentration in the culture medium were measured by biochemical and sandwich enzyme immunoassays, respectively. The addition of TSH (10 mU/ml/day) to the medium did not increase the cell number but did increase the PO activity and TG concentration. It took more than 3 days for the PO activity of cells cultured with TSH (stimulated group) to reach a level twice that of cells cultured without TSH (control group), whereas 2 days of incubation with TSH was sufficient for increasing the TG concentration. When actinomycin D (AD) was added to the medium on the first day of 3‐day incubation with TSH, the stimulatory effect of TSH on PO was completely blocked and the TG concentration was reduced to half that of the control group. AD given to the stimulated group on the last day of induction produced no inhibitory effect on the induction of PO activity by TSH, but reduced the TG concentration to almost half that in the stimulated group. An electron microscopic study of Basedow's cells cultured with AD and TSH failed to reveal any cytopathic change. The findings of the present study suggested that in cultured Basedow's cells TSH induces PO activity and TG production through the synthesis of new messenger RNA.
The Rise and Fall and Resurgence of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)
Authors: Lie J.T.
Published: December 2008

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO; or Buerger's disease) is a nonarteriosclerotic, segmental, occlusive inflammatory disease of medium‐sized and small arteries and veins of unknown cause, occurring predominantly in young male habitual tobacco users. Less than 2% of the patients with TAO are women or elderly persons. TAO is a treatable disease when diagnosed early and if strict abstinence from tobacco is observed. Otherwise progression and exacerbation of limb ischemia may lead to multiple and repeated amputations, and rarely visceral or cerebral ischemia.

Over a 40‐year period, 1947 to 1986, the prevalence rate of the diagnosis of TAO has declined steadily from 104/ 100,000 in 1947 to 13/100,000 in 1986 (an 8‐fold decrease) where clinical and pathologic criteria for the diagnosis of TAO have remained unchanged. A similar pattern of decline was observed in two other major medical centers. Twelve women and 97 men with TAO were identified in the 5‐year period 1981–1985. The 11% (12 of 109) incidence of female TAO was 10‐fold that was previously reported. All 12 women were heavy smokers; 8 (67%) had thrombophlebitis and 6 (50%) had upper limb ischemia. Nine (75%) of 12 women required amputations; delay in diagnosis contributed to additional amputations in 2 patients. The increased prevalence of TAO in women may be attributed to the smoking habit in young women overall, which has increased significantly rather than decreased (as in males) since 1965
ExperimentaI AIlergic Encephalomyelitis I.
Authors: Ohkawa Tokitada
Published: December 2008

Populations of oligodendroglial cells (ODC) visualized by the neuroglial impregnation technique were investigated in demyelinated (A), actively demyelinating (6) and non‐demyelinating (C) zones in both the cerebral and cerebellar white matter of monkeys with active EAE lesions. A marked reduction of the ODC population (P <0.001) was recognized not only in zones A and 6 but also in zone C as compared with those of non sensitized monkeys. This suggests that the injury seen in ODC precedes myelin sheath destruction. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 224–228, 1989.
Primary Gastric Malignant Lymphoma: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study of 38 Cases
Authors: Ishido Tatsuya , Mori Naoyoshi , Kikuchi Masanori , Nakamura Kyoichi
Published: December 2008

Thirty eight cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma were studied morphologically and immunohistochemically. The Working Formulation was used for classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (1). The results indicated that 37 cases were non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma while the remaining case was Hodgkin's disease. Thirty‐three cases (89%) of non Hodgkin's lymphoma were considered to be of B cell origin and 2 cases (5%) of histiocytic origin. No case was considered to be of T cell origin. We suggest that the majority of primary gastric malignant lymphomas are derived from follicular center cells, and that gastric plas‐macytoma is not as rare as previously described. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 229–234, 1989.
Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia‐associated Antigen (CALLA)‐positive B cell lymphoma
Authors: Abe Masafumi , Nozawa Yoshihiro , Wachi Eiko , Wakasa Haruki
Published: December 2008

We analyzed the expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated antigen (CALLA) in 134 cases of non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the B cell type using an immunohistochemical method. The incidence of CALLA expression in B cell lymphomas was higher in follicular lymphomas (29%) than in diffuse lymphomas (15%). Malignant lymphoma (ML), follicular small cleaved cell (FSC) according to the histologic type, showed a considerably high incidence of CALLA (43%), whereas ML, diffuse small cleaved cell (DSC) displayed a very low incidence (5%). These findings suggest the possibility that these two morphologically similar lymphomas may be derived from distinct populations of B cells [CALLA+‐germinal center (GC) cells, CALLA−‐germinal center (GC) cells or mantle zone (MZ) cells]. In addition, one case of DSC expressed surface immunoglobulin D (SlgD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) as well as CALLA. This indicates that CALLA‐positive small cleaved cell lymphoma expressing SlgD or ALPase may represent neoplastic proliferation of CALLA positive MZ cells of secondary follicles in lymph nodes. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 39: 503∼508, 1989.
Histochemical Analysis of Changes in Lectin Binding in Murine Glomerular Lesions
Authors: Kizaki Tomohiko , Takeda Zenju , Watanabe Makoto , Hanioka Keisuke , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Lectin binding in diseased murine glomeruli was studied in MRL 1 mice, using seven different fluorescence‐ or peroxidase coupled lectins: Griffonia simplicifoliaI (GS‐I), Ulex europaeusagglutinin I (UEA‐I), Ricinus communisagglutinin I (RCA I), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (Con A), peanut agglutinin (PNA), andHelix pomatia agglutinin (HPA). Lectin binding in diseased glomeruli of MRL 1 mice was different from that in normal glomeruli. Light and fluorescence microscopy showed that: 1. in mesangial proliferative lesions, the binding of RCA I, WGA and Con A increased and that of GS I and PNA appeared in the mesangium; 2. in other glomerular lesions, UEA‐I bindng appeared and RCA I stained the altered membranes irregularly. Electon microscopy showed that: 1. GS‐I stained the endothelial cell coat and the glomerular basement membrane covered by the endothelial cells; 2. GS I strongly stained the dilated subendothelium in regions of mild mesangial interposition; 3. GS‐I stained the cell coat of invasive macrophages; 4. GS‐I and UEA‐I stained the cell membrane‐like material derived from degenerative endothelial cells; 5. RCA I stained the epithelial and endothelial cell coats and the glomerular basement membrane. These results indicate that lectin‐binding studies can be used for analysis of glomerular lesions.
Immunohistochemical Differentiation of Yolk Sac‐type Alpha‐Fetoprotein from Hepatic‐type Alpha‐Fetoprotein
Authors: Okamoto Tsukasa
Published: December 2008

In order to differentiate yolk sac type alpha fetoprotein (AFP) from hepatic‐type AFP, 5 yolk sac tumors (YSTs) and 6 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were examined immunohistochemically by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method for AFP, and paradoxical concanavalin A (P Con A) staining, which has been reported to detect glycoprotein including AFP. In all 5 YSTs, AFP was negative for P Con A staining. On the other hand, AFP was strongly positive for the same staining in all 6 HCCs. A similar staining pattern for AFP was observed in human yolk sac endodermal cells and embryonal hepatocytes. Thus, it was clarified that yolk sac type AFP was unable to bind with Con A, in contrast with hepatic‐type AFP, on tissue sections. It was concluded that the PAP method for AFP and P Con A staining might facilitate the immunohistochemical differentiation of these two types of AFP, and that it would be uset ul for clarifying the histogenesis of various AFP secreting tumors.
Mixed Medullary‐Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies
Authors: Ogawa Hiroshi , Kino Isamu , Arai Tomio
Published: December 2008

A case of mixed medullary follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is reported. Grossly, the tumor was a solid, grayish white, well circumscribed mass without lymph node metastasis. Microscopically, the tumor showed both medullary and follicular areas. The follicular areas occupied discrete portions of the tumor, and were considered to be neoplastic. Tumor cells in the medullary area were polyhedral or spindle‐shaped. There was no amyloid deposition within the tumor. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in the medullary area were positive for calcitonin and negative for thyroglobulin. Some cells lining the follicles were positive for thyroglobulin. By electron microscopy, two types of tumor cell were observed. One type contained numerous cytoplasmic secretory granules, whereas the other type had few granules and showed a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggested that this mixed medullary follicular carcinoma of the thyroid presented neoplastic changes within a common cell lineage.
An Autopsy Case of Malignant Histocytosis with Reed‐Sternberg‐like Cells
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Kurumaya Hiroshi , Kurashima Kazuyosi
Published: December 2008

We report an autopsy case of malignant histiocytosis. The clinical course was rapidly progressive and terminated with jaundice and respiratory failure. Histologically, there was diffuse infiltration of large atypical cells in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. It was of interest that these tumor cells contained a number of bizarre multinucleated cells histologically indistinguishable from Reed Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease, and that these atypical cells expressed DAKO Ml (identical to Leu Ml) and Ki‐1 antigens and also showed binding to peanut agglutinin (PNA), representative markers of Reed Sternberg cell. An absence of epithelial membrane antigen and presence of Leu Ml antigen in the tumor cells made a diagnosis of Ki‐1 lymphoma unlikely. This case study showed that giant or pleomorphic cells indistinguishable histologically and phenotypically from Reed Sternberg cells occur in malignant histiocytosis.
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase‐like Isoenzymes Produced by Human Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Aizawa Kikuo , Motoyama Teiichi , Watanabe Hidenobu
Published: December 2008

The human gastric cancer cell lines, MKN1 and SCH, were biochemically and biologically characterized according to the monophenotypic expression of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)‐ like enzymes. The MKN1 cell line, derived from adenosquamous carcinoma, showed the same enzyme properties as the Regan isoenzyme, whereas the SCH cell line, derived from primary gastric choriocarcinoma, had properties identical with the Nagao isoenzyme. Regan isoenzyme activity expressed by MKN1 cells was stimulated by glucocorticoid and suppressed by retinoic acid. Both agents had no significant effect on SCH cells. On the other hand, Nagao isoenzyme activity expressed by SCH cells was stimulated by sodium butyrate, which had no stimulatory effect on MKN1 cells. Moreover, the PLAP like activity of MKN1 cells showed no observable relationship to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) producibility. Whereas expression of the Nagao isoenzyme by the SCH cell line is presumably a result of functional differentiation in the trophoblastic direction, that of the Regan isoenzyme by the MKN1 cell line is probably not. Perhaps the Regan isoenzyme is related to carcinogenesis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 630 637, 1989.
Human Sarcomatous Wilms’Tumor
Authors: Ishii Eizaburo , Fujimoto Junichiro , Hara Shinichi , Tanaka Shigeki , Hata Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2008

Immunophenotypic features of human sarcomatous Wilms’tumor (SWT) were studied using a newly established mouse monoclonal antibody (5H10, IgG). 5H10 was produced against CR SW2, one of several transplanted SWT lines in nude mice, and defines a 200‐kDa cell surface protein. The antibody was found to react equally with all subtypes of SWT; clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, and unclassified sarcoma. Furthermore, it reacted equivalents with surgically resected tumors, transplanted tumors in nude mice, and cell lines in vitro. On the other hand, 5H10 was entirely negative for any of the components of nephroblastic Wilms’tumor (NBW). Considering these results, 5H10 appears to recognize the antigen expressed preferentially on SWT, and therefore the subtypes of SWT may be closely related to one another immunophenotypically. In normal human tissues, however, 5H10 only reacted with fetal kidneys, its reactivity being restricted to the lower limbs of S bodies in both the metanephros and mesonephros. No reactivity was identified in any other tissues including adult kidney. These results indicate that 5H10 detects an oncofetal antigen expressed preferentially in both SWTs and fetal kidney and that the histogenesis of SWT should be considered in connection with nephrogenesis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 656‐663, 1989.
Localization of Type III Procollagen mRNA in Areas of Liver Fibrosis by in situ Hybridization
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki , Aida Takeo , Taguchi Katsuji , Asano Goro
Published: December 2008

Localization of type III procollagen mRNA in human liver was studied by in situ hybridization using human 0‐1(111) procollagen cDNA. Frozen and paraformaldehyde‐fixed sections of biopsied human liver from patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were examined using the digox‐igenin labeled cDNA probe. Localization of the type III procollagen mRNA was demonstrated not only in the cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells but also in a large number of hepatocytes, in proportion to the extent of fibrosis. These results suggest that hepatocytes play an important role in fibrogenesis in the liver.
Renal Adenoma
Authors: Suzuki Masafumi , Nikaido Takashi , Ikegami Masahiro , Kikuchi Yasushi , Takasaki Satoshi , Furusato Masakuni , Aizawa Shigeo
Published: December 2008

We report the results of clinicopathological and histochemical studies on 64 renal adenomas found in 22 patients. We selected typical renal adenomas for these studies, discarding borderline lesions. The ages of the patients ranged from 42 to 84 years, with an average of 61 years. Male to female sex ratio was 6.3:1. The background conditions included renal cell carcinoma, long‐term dialysis, chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney. The sizes of the tumors ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 mm in maximum diameter, with an average of 0.9 mm. All the tumors were located in the cortex, especially in the superficial one‐third. The cytoplasm of the tujntfr celis vtas predominantly eosinophilic, and the tumor structure Was predominantly papillary. Histochemical study of IS adenomas from 13 patients demonstrated that all of the adenomas were positive for EMA, and for at least one marker of the distal tubulus, i.e., DBA, PNA, SBA and PKK1, and that 9 adenomas/ were positive for at /east one marker of the proximal tubulus, i.e., LM1 and/LTA. Renal adenomas had predominant histochemical features of the distal tubulus, suggesting differentiation to a distal tubulus‐like histology. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 731 736, 1989.
Relationship between the Extent of Intraductal Component and That of the Invasive Component in Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast
Authors: Ichihara Syu , Aoyama Hideaki , Matsuyama Takako , Kubo Kanji , Tamura Jun
Published: December 2008

To clarify the relationship between the extent of the intraductal component and the invasive component in cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, we divided 87 such cases into two groups, Group I in which the intraductal component extended for less than 10 mm (36 cases) and Group II in which the intraductal component extended for 10 mm or more (51 cases). On histological slides, there was an association between the extent of the intraductal component and the pattern of invasion. The majority (80.6%) of Group I IDC cases showed an invasive component composed of one invasive nodule, whereas 62.7% of Group II IDC cases showed an invasive component composed of two or more such nodules. On gross and microscopical examination, Group II IDC showed a significantly larger mean tumor size than Group I IDC (23.4 ± 8.9 mm vs. 18.3 ± 6.6 mm, P < 0.002 & 24.1 ± 14.1 mm vs. 17.1 ± 6.5 mm, P<0.002). A similar result was obtained by clinical examination (41.8+17.0 mm vs. 29.5 ± 11.6 mm, P 0.0001). These results suggest that Group II ductal carcinomas may frequently develop multiple stromal invasion, resulting suddenly in a sizeable breast mass perceived by the patient. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 786‐794, 1989.
Neuroectodermal Differentiation in “Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma”
Authors: Kudo Motoshige
Published: December 2008

A small round cell tumor of soft tissue arising in the retroperitoneum of an 18‐year old woman is reported. The light and electron microscopic features of the tumor were mostly indistinguishable from Ewing's sarcoma of the bone and in some parts from differentiating neuroblastoma with mature neurons and Schwann cells. An immunohisto‐chemical study using anti NSE antibody showed many widespread NSE‐positive cells lying singly and, more often, in clusters including the undifferentiated areas. The tumor was not anatomically related to the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia or adrenal glands. The present findings strongly suggest that certain extraskeletal Ewing's sarcomas are very primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 795‐802, 1989.
Immunocytochemical Evidence of Amyloid‐enhancing Factor (AEF) in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Yokota Tadaaki , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Kawano Hiroo , Takahashi Mutsuo , Yamashita Yoshimi , Gondo Toshikazu , Fujinaga Yoshihiro , Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

Amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) was extracted from spleens of mice that had received amyloidogenic stimulation. Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration of the crude AEF yielded five fractions, among which strong AEF activity was present in the first peak (Fl), and confirmed by an amyloid induction experiment. An anti AEF antiserum was obtained from a rabbit by immunization with Fl. This antibody reacted strongly with splenic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) from mice given amyloidogenic stimulation, and weakly with those from normal untreated mice. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of both Fl and sera from mice given amyloidogenic stimulation was performed. A single band was observed on IEF analysis of Fl, whereas many bands were seen on IEF analysis of the sera. After the substances in the gel had been transferred to nitrocellulose membranes by capillary blotting, the membranes were made to react with the anti‐AEF antiserum. The results suggested that AEF is a high molecular‐weight substance derived from PML and increases in the serum at the time of, or shortly prior to, amyloid deposition in the spleen. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 349∼355, 1989.
Studies on the Relationships of IgA to Human Liver IgA Deposition in Non‐alcoholic Liver Diseases
Authors: Nagura Hiroshi , Sumi Yukiko , Fukuda Yoshihide , Hasegawa Hideaki , Watanabe Keiichi , Brown William R.
Published: December 2008

An investigation was conducted to clarify the relationships of IgA to the human liver. Immunocytochemical studies were performed on biopsy specimens from patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis without any apparent history of alcohol abuse. The results showed that 1) a large amount of IgA is associated with the sinusoidal surface of hepatocytes, endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, 2) this IgA contains J chain and can form a complex with secretory component, and 3) this mainly belongs to the IgAl subclass, 4) IgA in vesicles within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells is always associated with acid phosphatase activity, and 5) IgA containing vesicles within ductular epithelial cells always lack such enzyme activity. We conclude that 1) the IgA bound to the surface of hepatocytes, sinus endothelial cells and Kupffer cells is polymeric IgAl uncom‐plexed with SC, and 2) this IgA occasionally enters these cells, and may be degraded in the lysosomes. 3) Polymeric IgA combines with SC in the ductular epithelium and may be secreted into bile. These findings suggest that J chain‐linked polymeric IgA bound to the surface of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells has a certain pathological significance in liver diseases and might be involved in the clearance of excess IgA from the circulation. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 363 372, 1989.
Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Evidence of Glandular Differentiation in Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Matsuno Yoshihiro , Mukai Kiyoshi , Noguchi Masayuki , Sato Yuichi , Shimosato Yukio
Published: December 2008

Eighteen cases of primary thymic carcinoma were reviewed from the viewpoint of glandular differentiation. Squamous differentiation was evident in 14 cases (83%). Immunohistochemical study revealed secretory component (SC) positive carcinoma cells in 12 cases (67%), most of which were also associated with squamous differentiation. Three of these 12 cases contained areas with a definite glandular or microcystic structure with occasional epithelial mucin, and were diagnosed as adenosquamous carcinoma. Review of patients’medical records revealed that thymic carcinomas with a glandular element were more often resectable at surgery, and had a much better prognosis than those without a glandular element. However, further study on larger number of cases is necessary to confirm this relationship. Because SC positive epithelial cells do exist in the nonneoplastic thymus, the presence of a glandular component suggests another direction of morphological and/or functional differentiation of thymic carcinoma cells in addition to the well‐known squamous differentiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 433 438, 1989.
Osteosarcoma with Prominent Epithelioid Features
Authors: Yoshida Haruhiko , Yumoto Tokichi , Adachi Hironobu , Minamizaki Takeshi , Maeda Naoto , Furuse Kiyowo
Published: December 2008

Osteosarcoma in the metaphysis to epiphysis of the left femur of a 17 year old male is reported. The lesion appeared osteolytic with sclerotic foci on roentgenographs, accompanied by an extensive tumor shadow in the surrounding soft tissue. While 60% of the tumor was necrotic, histological examination of the remaining viable tissue revealed that it consisted almost entirely of a sheet of epithelioid cells, separated by thin, fibrovascular septa with an alveolar‐like pattern, suggestive of metastatic carcinoma. Only a few areas were characterized by malignant osteoid tissue intermingled with the above cells, showing significant positivity for bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase and 5 nucleotidase, thus permitting a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Autopsy findings revealed that the metastatic foci were histologically similar to those of the primary tumor. Electron microscopy revealed poor development of cytoplasmic organelles, supporting possible derivation from an osteoblastic cell lineage at an early stage. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 439 445, 1989.
Glycogen‐rich Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Breast An Autopsy Case
Authors: Okamoto Tsukasa
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCCC) which arose in the right breast of a 72 year old woman is reported. Light microscopic examination of the small finger tip‐sized tumor revealed solid alveolar proliferation of clear cells containing abundant glycogen. Im‐munohistochemically, most of the clear tumor cells were stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and alpha lactalbumin, whereas a few eosinophilic tumor cells were positive for S 100 protein, EMA and actin. Electron microscopically, aggregates of glycogen particles, numerous empty glycogen lakes, microvilli, tight junctions and basal lamina were identified. Autopsy disclosed marked metastases to the liver, lung, adrenal, skin and lymph nodes. Primary breast cancer was confirmed by exclusion of a primary at any other site. It is suggested that although rare, GRCCC of the breast is as aggressive as usual invasive ductal carcinoma, and is associated with severe nodal and blood borne metastases, followed by death. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 469 472, 1989.
Effects of Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin on C Cells of the Thyroid
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Itoh Joubu , Takekoshi Susumu , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: December 2008

The effects of long term administration of synthetic salmon calcitonin (TZ‐CT) on thyroid C cells of rats were evaluated immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. Low dose (0.075, 0.75 and 7.5 IU/kg/day) administration caused no significant changes in the C cell population, whereas high doses (30 and 120 IU kg day) caused C cell suppression. The area ratio of C cells to total cells in the thyroid was measured on sections immunoperoxidase stained for calcitonin. The average C cell ratio was compared among the experimental groups. This mor‐phometric analysis of the high‐dose and control groups confirmed the differences in C cell populations statistically (30 IU/kg vs. control, pgO.05; 120 IU/kg vs. control, p ≦ 0.05). The suppressive effect of TZ CT on C cells was reversible after cessation of administration for one month. Electron microscopic examination on the C cells in the high dose groups revealed no particular ultrastructural differences. These results may suggest a negative feedback mechanism on C cells by exogenous CT. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 545‐550, 1989.
Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke‐like Episodes
Authors: Hamazaki Shuji , Okada Shigeru , Kusaka Hirofumi , Fujii Tatsuya , Okuno Takehiko , Kashu Ippei , Midorikawa Osamu
Published: December 2008

We present an autopsy report on a 14‐year‐old girl with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS), placing emphasis on the mitochondrial enzymatic histochemistry of the 3 types skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes. Generalized muscular atrophy, cardiac hypertrophy, cerebral cortical laminar necrosis, basal ganglia calcification and liver steatosis were observed. In the skeletal muscles, modified Gomori's trichrome staining demonstrated scattered ragged red fibers, and histochemical staining for mitochondrial enzymes showed intense positivity in the subsarcolemmai zones of some muscle fibers. Some of the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes also showed a ragged red appearance with the modified Gomori's trichrome stain. Histochemical staining for mitochondrial enzymes showed patchy loss of enzymatic activity in the myocardium. Electron microscopically, extreme accumulation of enlarged mitochondria and severe loss of myofibrils was observed in both skeletal muscle fibers and cardiomyocytes. The arteriolar smooth muscle cells also showed a mild increase in mitochondria. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 599 606, 1989.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Liver in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Terada Tadashi , Hoso Masahiro , Kono Naoko , Watanabe Krfshichiro , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: December 2008

We report a case of primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver occurring in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis, stage III. The hepatic tumor was found incidentally by imaging techniques and was surgically resected under a tentative diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. The resected tumor (1.8±1.6 cm) showed Wtcal histologic features of epithelioid hemangioendd jelioma. The tumor cells were positive for factor VIII related antigen and were stained with Ulex europaeus lectin I. Ultrastruc‐turally, the tumor cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles, tight junctions, basal lamina, pinocytotic vesicles, bundles of thin filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter) and Weibel Palade bodies. The non tumorous part of the liver showed features of primary biliary cirrhosis, stage III. This is the first reported case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma occurring in a liver with primary biliary cirrhosis. Acta Pathol Jpn 39: 607 611, 1989.
A Case of Testosterone‐secreting Adrenal Cortical Adenoma with Spironolactone Body‐like Inclusion
Authors: Deng Yinlong , Osamura Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Motoaki , Katsuoka Youji , Kawamura Nobuo , Murakoshi Masanori
Published: December 2008

Testosterone secreting adrenal adenoma is rare. We recently experienced a 17‐year‐old pubertal girl who showed signs of virilization and a high serum level of testosterone. The excised adrenal gland showed a 3.5 × 3 × 3‐cm cortical adenoma. Light and electron microscopic findings together with the high serum level and high tumor tissue contents of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) indicated that the tumor was a testosterone‐secreting adrenal cortical adenoma. This appears to be a rather rare tumor from a review of the literature. Interestingly, in this case, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained structures resembling spironolactone bodies. From the results of enzyme histo‐chemistry, the steroidogenetic pathways in this tumor were speculated. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 67–72, 1990.
Expression of T‐cell Receptor (TCR)α Chain on Normal Human Tonsils and T‐cell Lymphomas
Authors: Masunaga Atsuko , Baba Naoko , Kin Shutaku , Mori Shigeo
Published: December 2008

We analyzed immunohistologically the expression of T cell receptor (TCR)α chain on human tonsils and on T cell lymphoma (T ML) tissues using the avidin biotin peroxidase method. A murine monoclonal antibody αF1, specific for the constant region of the JCRα chain, was employed. On normal tonsil, αF1 positive cells were observed mainly in T zones and germinal centers. In T zones, the staining intensities varied markedly, with heavy staining evident in less than one fourth. In germinal centers, a proportion of stained cells showed a histiocytic pattern with small cytoplasmic projections. All the T ML tissues expressed TCRα, whereas the staining intensities varied among cases and among lymphoma cells. No correlations were observed in the expressions of TCRα chain and other T‐cell markers including CD3, CD4 and CD8. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 722‐728, 1990.
Formation of Nerve Twig‐like Nests and Schwannoma in an Unusual Case of Neurofibroma
Authors: Yamamoto Osamu , Suenaga Yoshinori , Imayama Shuhei , Horie Akio
Published: December 2008

A case of unusual neurofibroma in an 18‐year‐old Japanese male is reported. The histology of the tumor was characterized by nerve twig like nests intermingled with fascicular bundles. In the central portion, the tumor also contained a lobular lesion showing features characteristic of schwannoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in both the nests and the lobular lesion demonstrated a mostly positive reaction for S 100 protein. S 100 protein‐positive and negative cells were observed in equal numbers in the fascicular bundles surrounding the nests. This unusual nerve sheath tumor in which the S 100 protein positive cells form both nerve twig‐like nests and lobular schwannoma has not been reported previously. The origin of the S 100 protein‐positive cells in the two lesions is also discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 775‐779, 1990.
Synchronous Benign Epithelial Tumors Arising in the Palatal Minor Salivary Gland: First Report of an Unusual Minor Salivary Gland Lesion
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kuroda Masafumi , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: December 2008

A review of the literature shows that unilateral benign salivary gland tumors of different histologic types in a single gland are so rare as to be curiosities, and all of such reported tumors have arisen in the parotid gland. The present paper reports a case of synchronous benign epithelial tumors of different histologic type arising in the palatal minor salivary gland of a 57 year old woman who had first noted palatal swelling about 20 years previously. Pathologically, the lesion was composed of two distinct tumors, pleomorphic adenoma and lumenless trabecular adenoma, which were sharply demarcated from each other by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Foci of tumor cells with cellular atypia were seen in some areas of the pleomorphic adenoma. The present case is thought to represent a previously undescribed component within the spectrum of minor salivary gland tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 143–148, 1990.
A Histopathological Analysis of Five Cases of Adenomatous Hyperplasia Containing Minute Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ohno Yasuharu , Shiga Junji , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

We present five cases of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) containing minute hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic liver. All the patients were Japanese, four males and one female, ranging in age from 60 to 80 years. Two of the specimens were obtained at surgery and the others at autopsy. The AH specimens ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 cm in diameter, and the maximum diameter of HCC foci in the AH was 2.0 cm. Histologically, apart from the HCC foci, the AH specimens showed intrinsic atypia, suggesting preneoplastic change. These features included an increase of both cellularity and the nucleo cytoplasmic ratio, distortion of cord structure and pseudoacinar formation. Ail of the AH specimens contained typical portal triads. Details of diagnostic imaging were also obtained in four cases. The findings of the present study support the possibility that AH with intrinsic atypia is a preneoplastic lesion of HCC. The sequence of “adenomatous hyperplasia with intrinsic atypia HCC foci” would thus represent part of the early phase of hepatocarcinogenesis in humans.
Dynamics of Gastrin‐producing Cells in the Rat after Truncal Vagotomy Evaluation by Double lmmunostaining for Bromodeoxyuridine and Little Gastrin
Authors: Shimoda Hiroshi , Murakami Shinichi , Nakayama Lwao , Uchida Yuzo
Published: December 2008

The mechanism of hyperplasia of gastrin‐producing cells (G cells) in the rat antral mucosa after truncal vagotomy was studied using double immunostaining for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and little gastrin (G17). With single labeling of BrdU, a few G cells (less than 1%) showed positive immunostaining for BrdU in the nucleus throughout the experimental period in both vagotomized rats and those given a sham operation. The labeled cells in both groups demonstrated a linear increase of BrdU labeling in an identical number of cells for each experimental time‐point. The labeling index of the G cells increased rapidly from day 2 to day 6 and attained a maximum level of 44.0% on day 10 in the vagotomized group after cumulative labeling. Even in this group, however, many G ‐cells showed no BrdU immunoreactivity throughout the experimental period. These cells did not replicate during the experimental period, but showed an intense reaction product for G17 in their cytoplasm after vagotomy. The present study indicates that the most important factor involved in G‐cell hyperplasia observed after truncal vagotomy is the activation of pre existing G cells to synthesize and release hormone, together with the rapid maturation of progenitor cells to mature G cells.
Characterization of Myxoid Substance of Human Aortic Sarcoma
Authors: Honda Kazuho , Hara Mitsuru , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Yanagishita Masaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of aortic sarcoma which was located in the intima of the abdominal aorta and characterized by abundant extracellular myxoid substances was examined. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed no characteristics suggestive of endothelial, leiomyogenic or histiocytic differentiation. Histochemical and biochemical analyses revealed that the myxoid substances were glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) consisting of hyaluronic acid (85% of the total GAG) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (15% of the total GAG). Neither heparan sulfate proteoglycan nor dermatan sulfate proteoglycan was detected. In the aorta, GAGs are synthesized mainly by arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Among these cells, the arterial smooth muscle cell is the principal cell type that synthesizes aortic GAGs, predominantly chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, whereas the endothelial cell synthesizes small amounts of GAGs, predominantly heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the tumor cells of the present case have a property similar to arterial smooth muscle cells in terms of GAG synthesis, and that the tumor originated most probably from arterial smooth muscle cells.
Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in a Three‐year‐old Infant An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Hisaoka Masanori , Horie Akio , Kajiwara Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

A three‐year‐old female infant with a juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary and precocious pseudopuberty is presented. Laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of serum and urinary estrogen. Histological examinations showed an immature follicular pattern surrounded by theca‐like stromal tissue. The immunohistochemical localization of estradiol, estriol, progesterone and testosterone was studied by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of cryostat sections. All of these steroid hormones were localized mainly in stromal cells and in some follicular cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed three types of tumor cell, i.e. polygonal cells, spindle cells and transitional cells. Well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae, and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, which are typical features of steroid synthesis, were conspicuous mainly in the last type of cell. Such transitional cells almost corresponded to steroid‐positive cells. These cells were considered to have a close relationship to theca gland cells of developed ovarian follicles and to have mainly participated in steroid synthesis in the present tumor. In addition, some spindle cells showed features of myofibroblasts, such as intracyto‐plasmic filaments, dense body‐like structures, and pinocytotic vesicles. These features suggest that the cells might all be derived from the same progenitor of ovarian mesenchyme.
The Effects of Hyperfiltration on Serum Sickness Glomerulonephritis in Rats
Authors: Nakazawa Koh
Published: December 2008

The effects of hyperfiltration induced due to unilateral nephrectomy on immunologically induced glomerular injuries were studied. Glomerulonephritis was induced in rats by sensitizing them with egg albumin as an antigen. Unilateral nephrectomy did not affect the removal rate of the antigen from the glomeruli in the rats, but accelerated the rate of the glomerular injuries after cessation of the immunologically induced glomerular inflammation. The histopathological features were characterized by sciero‐adhesive lesions with aneurysmal dilatation and hyalinosis of the glomerular capillaries. The parietal epithelial cells extended from the Bowman's capsule with matrices to cover the denuded basement membrane and formed adhesions. The neighboring capillaries collapsed, and the sclero‐adhesive lesions progressed. These findings indicate that hyperfiltration at the capillary level did not accelerate the recovery from glomerulonephritis, but induced glomerular sclerosis with adhesions and deteriorated the trivial glomerular injuries to produce similar focal segmental lesions.
Ameloblastic Odontosarcoma (Ameloblastic Fibro‐odontosarcoma) in the Mandible
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kuroda Masafumi , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: December 2008

A case of ameloblastic odontosarcoma (ameloblastic fibro‐odontosarcoma) originating in the mandible is reported. The patient was a 23 year‐old Japanese male with diffuse swelling of the mandible from the left premolar to the ramus region. A biopsy specimen showed the histopath‐ological features of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed various amounts of dysplastic dentin and dentinal matrix which were closely associated with both mesenchymal and epithelial components throughout the lesion. In addition, a small amount of abortive enamel matrix, which was in close contact with ameloblastoid cells of epithelial nests, was found by extensive sampling of the resected specimen. Therefore the present case was diagnosed as ameloblastic odontosarcoma. After 2 years, the patient died of uncontrollable local recurrence and extension to the cranial base. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 832 837, 1990.
Genomic DNA Analysis of Rat Retinal Tumor Induced by Adenovirus Type 12
Authors: Kato Youichiro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Kobayashi Makio , Okada Yoshiie , Kawaoi Akira
Published: December 2008

To elucidate the pathogenesis of human retinoblastoma, we investigated the genomic expression in retinal tumors induced by human adenovirus type 12 in rats, using various DNA probes. Seven rats received a single intraocular inoculation of concentrated virus fluid within 24 hours after birth. Intravitreous tumors were induced in two out of seven animals (28.5%) within 30 to 64 days after the inoculation. A remarkably uniform histologic feature, i.e., neuroblastic cells in association with Homer‐Wright pseudorosettes, was present in all cases. The adenovirusrelated oncoprotein gene E1A and human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene were detected in the tumors by Southern blot hybridization. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated expression of adenovirus type 12 E1A gene in the inner granular layer of the retina. It was suggested that integration of adenovirus type 12 E1A fragment with the host genome and expression of the gene were required for induction of this tumor.
An Autopsy Case of Metastatic Foci of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Adenomatous Hyperplasias of the Liver
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Nakanuma Yasuni , Kawada Naoki
Published: December 2008

Adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver is known as a preneoplastic or early developmental stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, in which overt malignant foci occasionally develop. We have recently experienced an autopsy case (a 70‐year‐old male) of liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma and two nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia. The latter two nodules contained several microscopic foci of moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. There were a number of tumor microemboli in portal vein branches within areas of adenomatous hyperplasia in addition to areas surrounding cirrhotic liver, some of which grew into the parenchyma of adenomatous hyperplasia and cirrhotic regenerative nodules. These findings and the fact that adenomatous hyperplasia contained portal tracts including portal venous branches, suggest that malignant foci in adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver in this case might represent metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in other parts of the liver via the intrahepatic portal venous system. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 911 915, 1991.
Pathological Features of Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Hall William W. , Farmer Peter M. , Takahashi Hidehiro , Tanaka Shinya , Furuta Yasushi , Nagashima Kazuo
Published: December 2008

Neurological disorders are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this report we describe the neuropathological changes associated with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and with the major opportunistic virus infections, cytomegalovirus (CMV), JC papovavirus (JCV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) seen in AIDS. In addition “in situ” hybridization studies have been employed for the detection of virus genomic material in each case and the usefulness of this method in supporting the pathological diagnosis is demonstrated. Mechanisms whereby HIV infection results in leukoencephaiopathy and the possible contributing roles of the three opportunistic virus infections are discussed.
Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine‐positive Ovarian Carcinoid Tumor Arising from a Dermoid Cyst
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Terashima Takao , Iwafuchi Mitsuya , Itoh Seiki
Published: December 2008

A case of ovarian carcinoid tumor of the trabecular type is presented. The small carcinoid tumor was found incidentally in a resected dermoid cyst. Histologically, the tumor was surrounded by a smooth muscle layer with focal stromal invasion. Non carcinoid papillary mucosa and a few small glands, simulating the mucosa of the fallopian tube and remnant miillerian glands, respectively, were also present adjacent to the carcinoid tumor and enclosed by the same smooth muscle layer. The tumor cells revealed argyrophilia, and were positive for peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the cytoplasm and for CEA in part of the luminal surface. This case was considered to be a rare ovarian carcinoid tumor arising from a dermoid cyst, without association of struma ovarii. PYY may be a potential marker for determining the histogenesis of ovarian carcinoid tumors.
Growth Characteristics of Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells Compared with Pulmonary Vein Endothelial Cells in Culture
Authors: Miyazato Minoru , Fukuda Masatoshi , Iwamasa Teruo
Published: December 2008

Bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs) and pulmonary vein endothelial cells (PVECs) were isolated and investigated in plate culture, three‐dimensional culture and in co‐culture with pericytes. In plate culture, RCECs required growth factor in the medium for growth whereas PVECs did not. Phenotypic modulation (a tendency to become similar morphologically to smooth muscle cells, and to accumulate into thread‐like structures) was observed in PVECs but not in RCECs. In three‐dimensional culture, RCECs contracted, aggregated and were unable to proliferate. Proliferation was elicited when the gel matrix was adsorbed by fibronectin or upon co‐culture with pericytes. In contrast, PVECs not only proliferated but also formed tubular structures. In co‐culture with pericytes, PVECs in close contact with, or in near apposition to pericytes formed tubular structures earlier than those without contact in the same dish. These results provide new findings about differences in the growth characteristics of endothelial cells between microvessels and large vessels. In addition, it is considered that pericytes may promote tube formation by endothelial cells in three‐dimensional culture. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 133‐142, 1991.