bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Civilization”: terminological diversity
And legal identity
Authors: Zhukov Vasily I.
Published: August 2024

In the article, in the paradigm of the history of the state and the theory of law, existing definitions of the phenomenon “civilization” are analyzed, an understanding of its content in various fields of knowledge is revealed, in particular, the relationship between the concepts of “faction” and “civilization” is established, their genesis is traced in the format of emergence and death. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical foundations of such concepts as “sovereignty of the state”, “Slavic-Russian civilization”, “state-civilization”, “Russian world”, “civilizational space of Russia”. In this regard, the theoretical and legal concepts reflected in the speeches of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin and His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, other participants of the XXV World Russian People’s Council are analyzed. The author’s position is presented on a number of controversial issues in the format of history and theory of law.
A mechanism for ensuring people’s trust in the activities of municipal communities
Authors: Gutorova Alla N.
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the most important features of the specifics of the mechanism for ensuring people’s trust in the activities of municipal communities. Among these, the author considers: municipal elections, with their peculiarities of organization, alternative forms of direct democracy and effective interaction between state authorities and local self-government. The organization of a unified system of public authority that operates effectively and efficiently, without the trust of the population in municipal authorities, is impossible. But at the same time, municipal authorities must simultaneously enjoy the trust of the competent authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Problems of social protection of seafarers on ships under a foreign flag when leaving them Without the help of the shipowner
Authors: Rosenko Maria I. , Skrebets Elena V.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the evolution of conventional norms dedicated to the fight against shipowners (ship operators) who abandon ship crews without assistance in ports of foreign states. The article examines the norms of International Law, which are an integral part of the Russian legal system, related to the problem of financial support for crew members who were abandoned by the shipowner. The shortcomings of the existing legal methods and methods of influencing foreign employers (shipowners) violating the rights of seafarers, which have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the implementation of the real provision of their labor rights, are revealed. It is predicted that the problem of social vulnerability of seafarers engaged in labor activities on ships of foreign shipowners or on ships of Russian shipowners who have been transferred to a foreign “convenient” flag will worsen, due to the fact that the protection of labor rights has a pronounced international emphasis, and difficulties in solving such issues in the mode of traditional diplomacy are possible. The article explores the search for ways and mechanisms aimed at protecting seafarers from the actions of unscrupulous shipowners, as well as preventive steps to minimize the cases of abandonment of seafarers without means of livelihood in a foreign port, taking into account the trends of the latest legislation and the needs of emerging practice.
Human rights: problems of conceptualization, positivization and protection. On the 75th anniversary of the universal declaration of human rights (All-russian scientific conference With international participation)
Authors: Varlamova Natalia V. , Vasilieva Tatiana А.
Published: August 2024

On October 18, 2023 the Institute of State and Law of the RAS hosted the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation “Human rights: problems of conceptualization, positivization and protection. On the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”. It was attended by representatives of leading Russian scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers from Belarus and Uzbekistan. The Conference emphasized the continuing importance of the Universal Declaration for the establishment of international human rights standards. The participants of the scientific event discussed a wide range of problems related to the development of the doctrine of human rights and the practice of their protection in modern conditions characterized by the increasing complexity of international relations, the diversification of social inequalities and the introduction of new technologies.
Brief Review: Regional Anesthesia for Vaso-occlusive Pain Crises
Authors: Alade Oluwatomi
Published: August 2024

Vaso-occlusive pain crisis occurs with obstruction of blood vessels from sickled red blood cells. This results in ischemic injury causing in pain. Acute vasoocclusive pain crisis is one of the most common reasons for patients with sickle cell disease to present to the hospital for medical attention. Acute treatment involves IV opioid therapy, non-opioid therapy, and IV hydration. There is a known lack of trust between a patient in acute pain and a provider in the emergency department (ED) and hospital secondary to stereotypes regarding pain seeking behavior. Here we discuss a case of vasoocclusive pain crisis refractory to opioid therapy and local regional anesthesia as an alternative treatment.
Case Report: An Emergency Department Presentation of an Ovarian Teratoma
Authors: Marconi David , Masih Zamron
Published: August 2024

A teratoma (from the Greek terato for “monster” and onkoma for “mass” or “swelling”) is a type of neoplasm composed of tissues from two or three germ layers. Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) constitute 70% of all ovarian neoplasms. They typically present with nonspecific symptoms such as pain and nausea. They account for approximately 2% of all primary ovarian malignant cancers and are predominately diagnosed via ultrasound. Computed tomography may be necessary if malignancy is suspected. Larger size warrants a higher suspicion of malignancy. Management is symptom control and ultimately, surgical removal. Prognosis is generally excellent, provided there is no malignant transformation or other complications. Modern research increasingly supports a conservative management via resection of the mass without negative impact on fertility. Here we present the case of an emergency department patient who was diagnosed with an ovarian teratoma.
Calculation of the main operational characteristics of a tethered high-altitude ship-based system
Authors: Dawlyud I. I.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. Currently, UAVs are actively used in many military and civilian fields such as object surveillance, telecommunications, radar, photography, video recording, and mapping, etc. The main disadvantage of autonomous UAVs is their limited operating time. The long-term operation of UAVs on ships can be ensured by tethered high-altitude systems in which the power supply of engines and equipment is provided from the onboard energy source through a thin cable tether. This paper aims to select and justify the appearance of such system, as well as to calculate the required performance characteristics.Methods. The study used methods of systemic and functional analysis of tethered system parameters, as well as methods and models of the theory of relations and measurement.Results. The issues of design and implementation of new generation tethered high-altitude ship-based systems were considered. A rational type of aerodynamic design for unmanned aerial vehicles was determined based on existing tethered platforms. The optimal architecture of the tethered system was defined and justified. The paper presents the appearance and solution for placement onboard the ship, and describes its operation. The main initial parameters for designing high-altitude systems such as take-off weight, optimal lift altitude, maximum power required for operation, structure of the energy transfer system, as well as deployment and lift time to the design altitude were selected and calculated.Conclusions. The methodology for calculating the necessary characteristics described in the paper can be used for developing and evaluating tethered high-altitude systems. These systems are capable of performing a wide range of tasks, without requiring a separate storage and launch location, which is especially important in the ship environment. The system presented herein possesses significant advantages over well-known analogues.
Tomographic task solution using a dichotomous discretization scheme in polar coordinates and partial system matrices invariant to rotations
Authors: Manushkin A. А. , Potrachov N. N. , Stepanov A. V. , Usachev E. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. The purpose of this work was to create an effective iterative algorithm for the tomographic reconstruction of objects with large volumes of initial data. Unlike the convolutional projection algorithm, widely used in commercial industrial and medical tomographic devices, algebraic iterative reconstruction methods use significant amounts of memory and typically involve long reconstruction times. At the same time, iterative methods enable a wider range of diagnostic tasks to be resolved where greater accuracy of reconstruction is required, as well as in cases where a limited amount of data is used for sparse-view angle shooting or shooting with a limited angular range.Methods. A feature of the algorithm thus created is the use of a polar coordinate system in which the projection system matrices are invariant with respect to the rotation of the object. This enables a signification reduction of the amount of memory required for system matrices storage and the use of graphics processors for reconstruction. Unlike the simple polar coordinate system used earlier, we used a coordinate system with a dichotomous division of the reconstruction field enabling us to ensure invariance to rotations and at the same time a fairly uniform distribution of spatial resolution over the reconstruction field.Results. A reconstruction algorithm was developed on the basis of the use of partial system matrices corresponding to the dichotomous division of the image field into partial annular reconstruction regions. A 2D and 3D digital phantom was used to show the features of the proposed reconstruction algorithm and its applicability to solving tomographic problems.Conclusions. The proposed algorithm allows algebraic image reconstruction to be implemented using standard libraries for working with sparse matrices based on desktop computers with graphics processors.
Kretschmann configuration as a method to enhance optical absorption in two-dimensional graphene-like semiconductors
Authors: Guskov A. А. , Bezvikonnyi N. V. , Lavrov S. D.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. The optical properties of two-dimensional semiconductor materials, specifically monolayered transition metal dichalcogenides, present new horizons in the field of nano- and optoelectronics. However, their practical application is hindered by the issue of low light absorption. When working with such thin structures, it is essential to consider numerous complex factors, such as resonance and plasmonic effects which can influence absorption efficiency. The aim of this study is the optimization of light absorption in a two-dimensional semiconductor in the Kretschmann configuration for future use in optoelectronic devices, considering the aforementioned phenomena. Methods. A numerical modeling method was applied using the finite element method for solving Maxwell’s equations. A parametric analysis was conducted focusing on three parameters: angle of light incidence, metallic layer thickness, and semiconductor layer thickness.Results. Parameters were identified at which the maximum area of absorption peak was observed, including the metallic layer thickness and angle of light incidence. Based on the resulting graphs, optimal parameters were determined, in order to achieve the highest absorption percentages in the two-dimensional semiconductor film.Conclusions. Based on numerical studies, it can be asserted that the optimal parameters for maximum absorption in the monolayer film are: Ag thickness <20 nm and angle of light incidence between 55° and 85°. The maximum absorption in the two-dimensional film was found only to account for a portion of the total absorption of the entire structure. Thus, a customized approach to parameter selection is necessary, in order to achieve maximum efficiency in certain optoelectronic applications.
Measurement Mechanics — Resolves QM Measurement Discrepancies
Authors: Krechmer Ken
Published: August 2024

Measurement Mechanics proposes a major modification to the current understanding of measurement. This modification adds a unit standard as axiomatic to measurement theory. Currently, measurement theory (representational) defines the result of a measurement comparison to be a ratio of quantities (numerical value and unit) where the unit terms are equal and cancel. When the units cancel such a ratio is local to one measurement system, i.e., probabilistic. Thus all QM measurement results, based upon current measurement theory are local, as J. S. Bell confirmed. However, the units of each metrology measurement result are correlated by calibration to an independent unit standard. Then measurement result comparisons are a ratio of quantities each correlated to a common unit standard, which allows independent measurement result comparisons that are non-local and deterministic. When unit standards are included in measurement theory all the apparent discrepancies between QM and classic measurements are resolved.
Understanding the relationship between women's education and fertility decline: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo-Echeverri Juliana
Published: August 2024

Across the world educated women tend to have fewer children than their less-educated peers. This paper provides new stylised facts about the long-run relationship between women's education and fertility at both the national and individual levels. I focus on Colombia, a country that experienced both a rapid fertility decline and fast expansion of education in the mid-20th century and I use data from the censuses of 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005 and 2018. The findings caution that the relationship between fertility and women's education is not always monotonic and this relationship changes significantly depending on the aggregation of the data. At the individual level, the relationship between education and fertility holds strongly and education increases the probability of remaining childless, reduces the total number of children and the likelihood of having a birth at a younger and older age, suggesting a strong trade-off between education and fertility. Peer effects, such as the percentage of peers with secondary education, are ruled out, which suggests that the externalities of education had a moderate effect on uneducated women. On the other hand, at the national level, the fertility decline cannot be explained by education as fertility has fallen continuously in all educational groups since 1965.
ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA PEMBUATAN ROSTER DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Nada Qothrun , Yusuf Feby Indriana , Yohanes Barep
Published: August 2024

Etnomatematika merupakan konsep matematika yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan budaya tertentu yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan dan aktivitas sehari-hari. Konsep matematika yang berkaitan dalam budaya salah satunya yaitu Roster. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan konsep-konsep matematika yang terdapat pada pembuatan Roster di kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah adalah 2 orang pemilik pabrik pembuatan roster masing-masing 1 orang di daerah kecamatan Kabat dan 1 orang di daerah kecamatan Sempu serta 2 orang pekerja yang mempunyai pengalaman dalam pembuatan roster di kedua daerah tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data atau penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat konsep matematika pada pembuatan Roster berupa konsep angka, konsep pola, konsep pengukuran, dan konsep geometri.
Mit »Kontinuierlichem Lernen« zur Anerkennung. Kompetenzbasiertes Lernen und Anerkennung in der Erwachsenenbildung in Finnland
Authors: Tulkki Heikki
Published: August 2024

Mit ihrer Reform zum »Kontinuierlichen Lernen« hat die finnische Regierung Instrumente zur weitreichenden Anerkennung non-formal erworbener Kompetenzen geschaffen. Der Autor schildert die Entwicklungen zum kompetenzbasierten Lernen in der finnischen Erwachsenenbildung und gibt einen Einblick in Voraussetzungen und Vorteile dieser Anerkennungspraxis.
Políticas, incentivos y cambio organizacional en la educación superior en México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Moreno Arellano Carlos Iván
Published: August 2024

Esta investigación explora las respuestas organizacionales de tres universidades públicas mexicanas al Programa Integral de Fortalecimiento Institucional (PIFI), como una ambiciosa política pública basada en incentivos monetarios. Así, indaga en las relaciones organización–entorno y la lógica de las políticas de incentivos, se analizaron los factores institucionales externos, así como los factores organizacionales internos que dieron forma a las respuestas de las universidades en estudio. La teoría de la dependencia de recursos y la teoría neoinstitucional fueron utilizadas como lentes para comprender las dinámicas organizacionales y sus productos, así como para explicar los procesos de respuesta.
IMPLEMENTASI PAJAK RUMAH MAKAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA PROBOLINGGO PADA MASA COVID 19 (PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PROBOLINGGO NO. 2 TAHUN 2011)
Authors: Ridhoi Fahmi
Published: August 2024

Abstract : Efforts to realize people's welfare so that it is more just and equitable must continue to be increased, economic growth must be increased through real efforts in the form of improving income and increasing people's purchasing power. Restaurant tax is one of the regional taxes that makes a large contribution to Regional Original Revenue (PAD). The restaurant tax has great potential because at present many entrepreneurs are establishing restaurants in various places, especially in tourism areas, densely populated residential areas, office areas, school and university areas. The focus of the research is the Government's Role in the Allocation of Regional Original Income (PAD), namely restaurant taxes as an effort to increase development. The results of the study show that with the realization of "Implementation of Restaurant Tax on Probolinggo City Local Revenue During the Covid 19 Period (Probolinggo City Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2011)." increasingly real for the whole community, this can be seen from the increase in people's per capita income, both from the agricultural, industrial and service sectors, which have been able to change the structure of civilization tourism and the social strata of the local community.Keywords: Economic Growth, Restaurant Tax, and Local GovernmentAbstrak : upaya mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat agar semakin adil dan merata harus terus ditingkatkan, pertumbuhan ekonomi harus ditingkatkan melalui upaya nyata dalam bentuk perbaikan pendapatan dan peningkatan daya beli Masyarakat. Pajak restoran merupakan salah satu pajak daerah yang memberikan kontribusi yang besar bagi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Pajak restoran memiliki potensi yang besar karena pada saat ini banyak pengusaha yang mendirikan restoran di berbagai tempat terutama di daerah pariwisata, daerah pemukiman padat, daerah perkantoran, daerah sekolah maupun universitas. Fokus penelitian adalah Peran Pemerintah dalam Alokasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) yaitu Pajak restoran sebagai upaya peningkatan pembangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan realisasi “Implementasi Pajak Rumah Makan Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Probolinggo Pada Masa Covid 19 (Peraturan Daerah Kota Probolinggo No. 2 Tahun 2011).” semakin nyata bagi seluruh masyarakat, hal ini terlihat dari Adanya peningkatan pendapatan perkapita masyarakat, baik dari sektor pertanian, industri, maupun jasa telah mampu mengubah struktur wisata peradaban maupun strata sosial masyarakat setempat.Kata Kunci : Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pajak Restoran, dan Pemerintah Daerah
Current Developments of Artificial Intelligences in Head and Neck Cancer Histopathological Images Analysis
Authors: Lee Young Chan
Published: August 2024

The rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has made a significant impact on medical image analysis, particularly in cancer diagnosis. The integration of AI algorithms into histopathological image analysis holds promise for enhancing precision and efficiency in cancer diagnosis. This review provides an in-depth analysis of recent developments in AI methodologies, including deep learning approaches applied to the interpretation of histopathological images specific to head and neck cancer (HNC). Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of AI in this domain, such as data variability, interpretability, and clinical integration. Through this overview of current research findings, we aim to offer valuable insights on the state-of-the-art AI technologies, their potential impact on clinical practice, and future directions for advancing the field of HNC histopathological image analysis.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Keagenan Pada Proses Pemuatan Batubara Di PT. IDT TRANS AGENCY
Authors: Maharani Atria , Indriyati Retno , Brahma Y Aditya
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan keagenan pada proses pemuatan batubara di PT. IDT Trans Agency Cabang Sungai Danau. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan analisis tringulasi yang dalam pengambilannya dilakukan dengan wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi Pustaka/literatur. Analisis ini dapat digunakan dalam memberikan jawaban atas yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui arah dan seberapa besar pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Penyebab kesalahan dokumen loading dan dampak yang terjadi atas kesalahan pembuatan dokumen loading oleh agent on board di PT. IDT Trans Agency Cabang Sungai Danau yaitu kurangnya ketelitian agent on board dalam pembuatan document loading yang menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan dalam pengetikan atau salah input data dan itu dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas pelayanan, adapun pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dapat dilihat dari seberapa banyak kesalahan dokumen yang diketik oleh agent dan jika tidak segera di revisi akan berdampak negative. Salah satau dampak negative akibat kesalahan pembuatan dokumen yang tidak segera direvisi yaitu penundaan keberangkatan, yang menyebabkan terjadi demurrage atau terkena denda karena over time. Dari data yang diperoleh dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Meningkatkan kapasitas serta kemampuan sumber daya manusia dalam melakukan pelayanan terhadap crew kapal dan dalam pembuatan document loading agar kesalahan dalam pembuatan document loading dapat dihindari.
The Analysis of Overflow Occurrences In Fuel Oil Purifiers At MV Dahlia Merah
Authors: Va’is Lazuardi Moch , Darmana Eka , Purnomo Budi , Widyo Bharoto Victor Wiku
Published: August 2024

A purifier is needed to maintain fuel quality and support ship engine performance. A purifier is a device that is a separator for oil from water and dirt based on its specific gravity. This research aims to determine the causes and impact of overflow on the fuel oil purifier. The data collection method used in this study is the observation method and discussion method with the crew or employees of PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia as the ship owner, and literature study methods. This research uses a qualitative analysis method, namely by directly analyzing the problems in the fuel oil purifier. The research results concluded that the cause of overflow in the fuel oil purifier was due to a dirty bowl caused by a lack of cleaning and maintenance of the Main Cylinder, damage or wear to the Main Seal Ring and a dead end of the nozzle. The efforts made to overcome overflow in the fuel oil purifier are by blowing up manually, carrying out cleaning (overhaul) of the purifier bowl and walls, checking the fuel pressure entering the FO purifier, setting the temperature on the fuel heater, installing Play the Seal Ring correctly, maintain the nozzle and maintain the HFO purifier by the PMS & Instruction manual book.
Near-benthic coral reef picoplankton vary at fine scales decoupled from benthic cover
Authors: Greene A , Girdhar Y , Apprill A
Published: August 2024

Seawater microorganisms impact ecological and biogeochemical cycling on coral reefs and are sensitive indicators of ecosystem status. Microbialization, a shift towards trophic collapse and resultant high microbial biomass, is a global concern on coral reefs. Indeed, macroorganisms can influence microbial processes and community composition on reefs, which is best understood as increased macroalgae resulting in copiotrophic microbial growth and oxygen reduction. Whether or not smaller-scale changes in macroorganisms influence the overlying seawater microbial communities is largely unknown. Here, we assessed seawater microorganisms across 3 coral reefs to understand their connection to reef site and within-reef benthic characteristics. At 3 coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands, we collected 60 ml seawater samples 2 cm above the seafloor, spaced 2 m apart in a grid pattern, and assessed bacterial and archaeal communities via sequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Benthic cover within 1 m of each sample was determined at 10 cm resolution through photogrammetry. Our results reveal that overall reef site overwhelmingly shapes microbial community structure, while within-reef benthic cover surrounding sample locations has minimal influence. However, ecospheres as areas that reflect the small-scale effects of benthic cover directly under each sample, significantly explain as much as 12.1% of within-reef microbial variation and may even outweigh variation attributable to reef site alone. These findings provide new insights into fine-scale spatial variability in reef seawater microbiomes that are crucial for the use of microorganisms as indicators of microbialization and coral reef health.
Relationship between nutritional condition and causes of death in beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Larrat S , Lesage V , Michaud R , Lair S
Published: August 2024

Carcasses of endangered beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, have been examined consistently since 1983 to determine causes of death. The objective of this study is to compare the nutritional condition of belugas that died of different causes. Previously published categories of death were refined to discriminate acute from chronic pathological processes. Bayesian linear models were used to predict cause of death from the scaled mass index (SMI). Causes of death were as follows: ‘bacterial diseases’, ‘verminous pneumonia’, ‘toxoplasmosis’, ‘other parasitic diseases’, ‘other infectious diseases’, ‘trauma—entrapment’, ‘other noninfectious diseases’, ‘dystocia—postpartum complications’, ‘neonatal mortality’, ‘cancer’, ‘primary starvation’ and ‘undetermined’. The models predicted a lower nutritional condition for the ‘neonatal mortality’ in belugas <290 cm in length and for ‘primary starvation’ and ‘verminous pneumonia’ categories for belugas ≥290 cm. Belugas that died from ‘dystocia—postpartum complications’ or from ‘undetermined causes’ had a higher-than-average SMI. Animals in the ‘trauma—entrapment’ category did not exhibit the highest nutritional condition, which was unexpected since individuals that died from trauma or entrapment are often used as references for optimal nutritional condition in other cetacean populations. Females that died from dystocia and postpartum complications were in similar nutritional condition as females dead from other causes during, or shortly after, pregnancy. This suggests that these females are not obese, ruling out a possible cause of dystocia. Although studying dead animals biases results toward low nutritional condition, our findings support the link between chronic pathological processes and poorer nutritional condition in belugas.
Development of Teaching Modules Utilizing Problem-Based Learning for Data Presentation Material Class VII SMP / MTs
Authors: Korwa Chatrina Charin , Kartini  , Hutapea Nahor Murani
Published: August 2024

This study is motivated by the importance of teaching modules in accordance with the ability of learners who have difficulty learning mathematics. The research aims to create a teaching module model of problem-based learning based on the topic of data presentation. The development follows the flow in the 4D model, namely “define, design, develop, disseminate”. The data was collected using various techniques, including interviews, documentation, observation, and questionnaires. The instrument used is the teaching module validation instrument. The study findings are that teaching modules have been declared highly qualified and valid, with an average of 3.52. However, this study is only up to the validity test phase, so the practicality of teaching modules is unknown due to time and cost constraints. So, this teaching module is qualified and valid.
Analysis of Student Mathematics Learning Outcomes on the Concept and Equality of Two Matrices Based on Bloom's Taxonomy
Authors: Zahro Fatinatus , Yenni Reni Rama
Published: August 2024

The achievement of students in various mathematical learning materials needs to be analyzed. One of the topics that can be analyzed for its achievement is the concept and equality of two matrices. Achievements in mathematical learning should emphasize deep understanding and critical thinking abilities rather than mere memorization. Therefore, cognitive achievements in mathematics learning must be analyzed using Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive levels to obtain a more comprehensive analysis. This study aims to classify daily test questions on the concept and equality of two matrices and describe eleventh-grade students' mathematics learning outcomes at SMAN 5 Pekanbaru for the 2022/2023 academic year, based on Bloom's Taxonomy cognitive domains. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study are the eleventh-grade students of the MIPA 7 class. Based on the research findings, the mathematics learning outcomes of the eleventh-grade MIPA 7 students have reached the cognitive level of knowledge (C1) with an average percentage of 95.62% in the very good category, the cognitive level of understanding (C2) with an average percentage of 83.89% in the good category, and the cognitive level of application (C3) with an average percentage of 70.23% in the good category.
Development of Discovery Learning-Based E-LKPD for Linear Equation Material in Class VIII SMP/MTs
Authors: Nurzakiyah Siti , Kartini  , Solfitri Titi
Published: August 2024

This research and development (R&D) aims to produce an electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) on straight-line equation material based on discovery learning that qualifies as valid and practical. This type of research is development research with the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Data collection instruments involved validation sheets and student response questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used include validity and practicality analysis. The E-LKPD validation results were 89.28% with very valid criteria. E-LKPD testing in small groups resulted in a practicality level of 83.82%, categorized as practical, while testing in the big group reached 82.004%, with practical criteria. The data analysis concluded that the discovery of learning-based E-LKPD on straight-line equation material has complied with the validity and practicality standards. Accordingly, the developed E-LKPD can be used by students in grade VIII.
EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA TERHADAP MASJID SYAHRUN NUR SIPIROK SEBAGAI MEDIA PENYAMPAIAN KONSEP GEOMETRI
Authors: Siregar Salbiah
Published: August 2024

Etnomatematika merupakan matematika yang terdapat dalam budaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi konsep-konsep matematika pada Masjid Syahrun Nur Sipirok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah matode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pada masjid Syahrun Nur Sipirok terdapat konsep matematika berupa bangun datar dan bangun ruang yang ditinjau dari arsitektur dan ornamen motif ragam hiasnya yaitu segitiga, persegi, jajar genjang, balok, belah ketupat dan segi enam.
EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA ARTEFAK PENINGGALAN SEJARAH DI MUSEUM DAERAH KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Yolanda Putri , Asrul
Published: August 2024

Matematika bukan hanya sekedar pembelajaran semata, namun dapat juga diaplikasikan dalam keidupan sehari hari salah satunya dalam budaya yang biasa dikenal dengan etnomatematika. Salah satu tempat bersejarah dan memiliki ragam budaya di dalamnya adalah Museum. Salah satu museum yang berada di Kabupaten Langkat adalah Museum Daerah Kabupaten Langkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang pengaplikasian matematika dalam artefak yang berada di Museum Daaerah Kabupaten Langkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekaatan etnografi. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti secaraa langsung adalah dengan observasi wawancara serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan redukssi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari temuaan hasil eksplorasi pada artefaak di Museum Daerah Kabupaten langkat bahwa terdaapat konsep matematika seperti bangun datar yaitu lingkaran, persegi, persegi panjang, trapesium dan belah ketupat serta bangun ruang seperti kerucut, setengah bola dan tabung.
Attributive analysis of the anthropophytes fraction as a part of the urban flora of Kyiv urban area (climamorphotype, residence time category, pathway of introduction into Ukraine and geographical origin)
Authors: Koniakin S. , Burda R. , Budzhak V.
Published: August 2024

The significant global growth of invasions, distribution and naturalization of alien vascular plants requires clear knowledge about the volume, taxonomic and typological diversity of plant invasions in Ukraine in order to control and contain them. The screening of four features of the fraction of alien species of urban flora of the KUA is outlined: climamorphotype, time, way of immigration, and geographic spread. According to our data, the taxonomic diversity of the fraction is high. The alien flora of Kyiv urban area is 711species-level taxa recruited from 358 genera, 95 families, 6 classes, and 3 divisions. Attributive analysis relies on categories of invasive botany. The climamorphotype is represented by fanerophytes — 127 species, 18% or the total amount, hamephytes — 13 (1.8%), hemicryptophytes — 83 (11.7%), cryptophytes — 79 (11.1%), terrophytes — 389 (55%) and hydrophytes — 9 (1.3%,) other categories — 10 species. According to the time of immigration, the following are present: archaeophytes — 112 species, 16% or the total amount, kenophytes — 194 (27%) and eukenophytes — 404 (57%) and not determined one taxa. According to the method of immigration, the fraction contains acolytophytes — 149 species, 21% or the total amount, ergasiophytes — 331 (46.6%), xenophytes — 201 (28.4%) and xeno-ergasiophytes — 28 (3.9%) and 2 others. The trend of increasing the role of immigrants-ergasiophytes — «escaped plants» — has been noted. Screening of geographic origin records wide spatial amplitude: immigrant plants from five continents are present. Immigrants of Mediterranean origin dominate — 230 species, 32% or the total amount, American 179 (25%), and Asian 154 (24%), represented equally, European — 51 (7%). The geographical origin was not revealed for 38 species, 5%. Attention is drawn to "species of anthropogenic origin" (23 species, 3%), as well as the high presence of hybrid combinations at the species level — 16 hybrids, 2%, etc. The growth trends of the participation of American and East Asian immigrant species in the urban flora of KUA, predicted at the beginning of the 2000s, have been confirmed. In general, the taxonomically rich fraction of anthropophytes of the urban flora of KUA, according to the screening results, demonstrates a variety of typological features. However, each of the specified properties requires constant, detailed study for the purpose of reliable monitoring of plant invasions.
Effectiveness of Citronella Extract (Cymbopogon nardus) Mouthwash From Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method Against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Komala Oom , Mahyuni Siti , Pradiningsih Anna , Dewi Elfrieda Kusuma
Published: August 2024

Cymbopogon nardus, or citronella has a distinctive aroma is known as a source of essential oils. Extract of citronella can be use as mouthwash to reduce bad breath and protect teeth from bacteria that cause dental caries. C. nardus contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoid, essential oils, polyphenols, and saponin which are also act as antioxidant compounds. This research was carried out to formulate mouthwash using citronella extract and determine the antibacterial activity of the citronella mouthwash against S. mutans bacteria using disc diffusion method. The microwave  extraction method (MAE) was used to obtain extract using  70 % and  96 % ethanol as  a solvents. The mouthwash were made in 3 formulas i.e.  formula 1, formula 2, and formula 3 each contain 25 % w/v, 30 % w/v, and 35 % w/v) respectively. The quality of mouthwash includes organoleptic, pH, viscosity and hedonic was evaluated and antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and diameter of inhibition zone. The MIC value of citronella extract was achieved at concentration 20 %. All mouthwash formula met the requirements for a good mouthwash. Formula 1 was the most preferred formula by the panelists based on the hedonic test.  Formula 3 had the strongest antibacterial activity with diameter inhibitory of 17.6 ± 0.52 mm. It was concluded that citronella mothwash has the potential to be developed into an antibacterial mouthwash.
PRNP is a pan-cancer prognostic and immunity-related to EMT in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Du Yao , Kong Zhiyuan , Liao Xinghe , Li Weiping
Published: August 2024

Background

Prion protein gene (PRNP) is widely expressed in a variety of tissues. Although the roles of PRNP in several cancers have been investigated, no pan-cancer analysis has revealed its relationship with tumorigenesis and immunity.

Methods

Comprehensive analyses were conducted on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan-Cancer dataset from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) database to determine the expression of PRNP and its potential prognostic implications. Immune infiltration and enrichment analysis methods were used to ascertain correlations between PRNP expression levels, tumor immunity, and immunotherapy. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) methods were employed to examine possible signaling pathways involving PRNP. In vitro experiments using CCK-8 assay, Wound healing assay, and Transwell assay to detect the effect of Cellular prion protein (PrPC) on proliferation, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail) were detected by western blot.

Results

Among most cancer types, PRNP is expressed at high levels, which is linked to the prognosis of patients. PRNP expression is strongly associated with immune infiltrating cells, immunosuppressive cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules. In addition to tumor mutation burden (TMB), substantial correlations are detected between PRNP expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) in several cancers. In vitro cell studies inferred that PrPC enhanced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells.

Conclusion

PRNP serves as an immune-related prognostic marker that holds promise for predicting outcomes related to CRC immunotherapy while simultaneously promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activities. Furthermore, it potentially plays a role in governing EMT regulation within CRC.
Identifying student profiles in a digital mental rotation task: insights from the 2017 NAEP math assessment
Authors: Wei Xin , Zhang Susu , Zhang Jihong
Published: August 2024

Mental rotation (MR), a key aspect of spatial reasoning, is highly predictive of success in STEM fields. This study analyzed strategies employed by 27,600 eighth-grade students during a digital MR task from the 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in mathematics. Utilizing K-means cluster analysis to categorize behavioral and performance patterns, we identified four distinct profiles: Cognitive Offloaders (15% of the sample), Internal Visualizers (55%), External Visualizers (5%), and Non-Triers (25%). Cognitive Offloaders, skilled at minimizing cognitive load by eliminating incorrect options, demonstrated the highest MR accuracy rates at 45%. Internal Visualizers, relying less on digital tools and more on mental strategies, achieved robust performance with an average score of 38%. External Visualizers, despite their extensive use of assistive tools and greater time investment, scored an average of 36%. Non-Triers showed minimal engagement and correspondingly the lowest performance, averaging 29%. These findings not only underscore the diverse strategies students adopt in solving MR tasks but also emphasize the need for educational strategies that are tailored to accommodate different cognitive styles. By integrating MR training into the curriculum and enhancing teacher preparedness to support diverse learning needs, this study advocates for educational reforms to promote equitable outcomes in mathematics and broader STEM fields.
Type 1 diabetes and combined acute and chronic complications are associated with risk of progression of liver fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huo Guangyuan , Gao Yueqiu
Published: August 2024

Background

There has been controversy and uncertainty regarding the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes, its consequences, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In order to determine the causal relationship, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study (MR).

Methods

For the first time, we subjected multiple diabetes data to analyze its relationship with the progression of liver fibrosis. Once the instrumental variables had been extracted, we assessed them employing Cochran’s Q multi-analysis, inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, weighted mode, and weighted median.

Results

Genetically predicted type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.23, **P = 3.42 × 10−3), type 1 diabetes without complications (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.23, *P = 1.26 × 10−2), type 1 diabetes with coma (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1–1.18, *P = 4.74 × 10−2), type 1 diabetes with ketoacidosis (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13, *P = 1.3 × 10−2), type 1 diabetes with neurological complications (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11–1.26, ***P = 4.05 × 10−7), type 1 diabetes with ophthalmic complications (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05–1.28, **P = 3.06 × 10−3), type 1 diabetes with renal complications (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1–1.13, *P = 3.45 × 10−2), type 1 diabetes with other specified/multiple/unspecified complications (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.23, *P = 1.41 × 10−2) were all associated with an increased risk of liver fibrosis progression.

Conclusions

According to our MR investigation, type 1 diabetes and both its acute and chronic implications may increase the likelihood that liver fibrosis could continue to develop. Additionally, type 1 diabetes with neurological and ocular problems is more likely to accelerate the development of liver fibrosis and inflammation, which offers new insights for genetic investigations.
An experimental analysis and deep learning model to assess the cooling performance of green walls in humid climates
Authors: Daemei Abdollah Baghaei , Bradecki Tomasz , Pancewicz Alina , Razzaghipour Amirali , Darvish Amiraslan , Jamali Asma , Abbaszadegan Seyedeh Maryam , Askarizad Reza , Kazemi Mostafa , Sharifi Ayyoob
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Amidst escalating global temperatures, increasing climate change, and rapid urbanization, addressing urban heat islands and improving outdoor thermal comfort is paramount for sustainable urban development. Green walls offer a promising strategy by effectively lowering ambient air temperatures in urban environments. While previous studies have explored their impact in various climates, their effectiveness in humid climates remains underexplored.

Methods: This research investigates the cooling effect of a green wall during summer in a humid climate, employing two approaches: Field Measurement-Based Analysis (SC 1: FMA) and Deep Learning Model (SC 2: DLM). In SC 1: FMA, experiments utilized data loggers at varying distances from the green wall to capture real-time conditions. SC 2: DLM utilized a deep learning model to predict the green wall’s performance over time.

Results: Results indicate a significant reduction in air temperature, with a 1.5°C (6%) decrease compared to real-time conditions. Long-term analysis identified specific distances (A, B, C, and D) contributing to temperature reductions ranging from 1.5°C to 2.5°C, highlighting optimal distances for green wall efficacy.

Discussion: This study contributes novel insights by determining effective distances for green wall systems to mitigate ambient temperatures, addressing a critical gap in current literature. The integration of a deep learning model enhances analytical precision and forecasts future outcomes. Despite limitations related to a single case study and limited timeframe, this research offers practical benefits in urban heat island mitigation, enhancing outdoor comfort, and fostering sustainable and climate-resilient urban environments.