bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of defence-related proteins by selected plant growth regulators and biocontrol agents against guava root knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Ashokkumar N. , Poornima K. , Kalaiarasan P. , Jeyakumar P. , Uma D. , Kavino M. , Dharani S. , Kothai S.
Published: October 2021

Guava is an important edible and economic fruit crop distributed worldwide. It is widely infested with root knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii which plays a vital role in causing economic losses. Several management strategies were performed to enhance the health status of guava and also to reduce root knot nematode infestation. Among the different aspects, application of plant growth regulators on guava plants under nursery conditions against root knot nematode, M. enterolobii was performed. The guava plants were treated with Salicylic acid (100 ppm), Jasmonic acid (100 ppm), and Indole 3-Butyric Acid (1000 ppm) alone and in combination of two and three. The result of this study revealed that IBA at 1,000 ppm alone (T3) and combined application of plant growth regulators viz., (T4) – Salicylic acid (100 ppm) + Jasmonic acid (100 ppm) + Indole 3-Butyric Acid (1,000 ppm) showed reduction in the nematode population and establishment of new roots (compensatory) and tertiary roots. The combined application of PGRs also increased the Plant height, root length, chlorophyll index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence. The activity of various enzymes like total phenols, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, acid phosphatase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were influenced and developed resistance against root knot nematode, M. enterolobii. Under field conditions, application of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Purpureocilium lilacinum reduced the nematode infestation besides increasing the yield attributes of guava plants.
Information dynamics in a model with Hilbert space fragmentation
Authors: Hahn Dominik , McClarty Paul A. , Luitz David J.
Published: October 2021

The fully frustrated ladder – a quasi-1D geometrically frustrated spin one half Heisenberg model – is non-integrable with local conserved quantities on rungs of the ladder, inducing the local fragmentation of the Hilbert space into sectors composed of singlets and triplets on rungs. We explore the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of this model through the entanglement entropy and out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC). The post-quench dynamics of the entanglement entropy is highly anomalous as it shows clear non-damped revivals that emerge from short connected chunks of triplets. We find that the maximum value of the entropy follows from a picture where coherences between different fragments co-exist with perfect thermalization within each fragment. This means that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis holds within all sufficiently large Hilbert space fragments. The OTOC shows short distance oscillations arising from short coupled fragments, which become decoherent at longer distances, and a sub-ballistic spreading and long distance exponential decay stemming from an emergent length scale tied to fragmentation.
Fuzzy-based Decision for Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dianirani Afrina Safira , Claudia Zefanya Debby
Published: October 2021

Coronary heart disease is usually caused by a buildup of fatty material and plaque inside the coronary arteries. The death rate caused by coronary heart diseases is threatening around the world. For the past two decades, most of the people from developing countries are suffering from heart disease. Diagnosing these diseases at earlier stages helps patients reduce the risk of death and also in reducing the cost of treatment. Decisions in medical diagnosis are mostly taken by expert’s experiences. In many cases, not all the expert’s experiences contribute towards effective diagnosis of a disease. Many alternative methods have been suggested for medical diagnosis in the healthcare domain. However, evaluating the functionality of coronary heart diseases diagnosis systems remains challenging. The purpose of this paper is to perform a study on literature related to fuzzy-based decision for diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Accordingly, the research gathered studies related to fuzzy-based decision for diagnosis of coronary heart disease between the periode 2016-2021.
Permodelan Spasial pada Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Provinsi Bangka Belitung Tahun 2018
Authors: Mahmud Apriliansyah , Pasaribu Ernawati
Published: October 2021

Unemployement is a multidimensional problem that have wide impact into progress and quality of one area. Based on that problem, it is necessary to have an  analysis of factor that affected this phenomena. One economy phenomenon of one area can be influenced by neighborhood economy activity. The purpose of this study is to know factors that affected open unemployemnet rate also answer the problem of neighborhood effect by spatial model. Based on result, variables that having spatial effect are open unemployement rate, count of poor citizen, and also gross domestic product. Beside of that, it is also known that error spatial model is feasible to be a model because having smallest AIC score.
Pengembangan Simulasi Kejadian Diskret Berbasis Paket Simmer pada R
Authors: Yudistira I G.A. Anom
Published: October 2021

This study aims to describe the various capabilities of the simmer package on R, especially in running a discrete event simulation model, then develop a DES simulation model building technique, which is effective and can represent real systems well, and explore the simulation output on this simmer, both in statistical summary form and parameter estimation. The method used in this research is the literature study, with descriptive and exploratory approaches. Model development is more effective when it is carried out starting from simple models, to more complex forms step by step, and describing the system using a flow chart. Replication for simulations is easy to perform, so as to get standard error values ​​for model parameter estimators. The stages in developing a discrete event simulation model with a simmer, start with compiling a simple flowchart to a more complex form, and replication is carried out. The simmer output in the form of data.frame makes it very easy to further process the output. The simple R API on simmer will also make it easier to simulate
Bovinos en estructuras funerarias del Neolítico Medio del noreste de la Península Ibérica. La necrópolis de la Bòbila Madurell como caso de estudio sobre la gestión del vacuno
Authors: Albizuri Silvia , Martín Cólliga Araceli , Gibaja Juan F. , Martín Patricia
Published: October 2021

En la ganadería neolítica de la Península Ibérica el bovino doméstico (Bos taurus) fue el segundo taxón en importancia, después de los ovicaprinos. Algunos yacimientos constituyen una excepción y presentan una mayor abundancia de bovino. Éste es el caso de la necrópolis de la Bòbila Madurell (4210-3670 cal BC), la más extensa del Neolítico Medio peninsular en superficie y en número de tumbas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la configuración de la cabaña bovina a partir de los conjuntos faunísticos registrados en los principales sectores de la necrópolis. Un volumen de restos importante ha permitido diferenciar 37 animales en 20 estructuras. Basándonos en el análisis osteométrico se caracteriza el conjunto y se descarta la presencia de ejemplares salvajes o uros (Bos primigenius). Los resultados indican que el rebaño fue explotado básicamente para la obtención de carne una vez obtenido su peso óptimo y secundariamente para el aprovechamiento de la leche.
Random search method for estimating the parameters of the emission system signal
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Varayun’ Marina I. , Vinogradova Ekaterina M. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Antonov Andrei Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2021

Within the framework of a computer statistical experiment, the test problem of identifying the parameters of a field electron emission signal using a regression model based on the Fowler— Nordheim law is considered. Two approaches to determining the parameter estimates are used in the work: ordinary least squares and random search with training. It is shown that the random search error can be neglected if, for the considered ratios of the noise level to the signal power, the number of statistical tests is approximately 103. The result allows us to expand the class of functionals used to identify the response without changing the method. The article notes the advantages of the random search method for the problem under consideration and the prospects of its applicability to tasks in a more general setting.
Digital signature scheme on the 2 x 2 matrix algebra
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moldovyan Nikolay A. , Moldovyan Alexandr A. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The article considers the structure of the 2x2 matrix algebra set over a ground finite field GF(p). It is shown that this algebra contains three types of commutative subalgebras of order p2, which differ in the value of the order of their multiplicative group. Formulas describing the number of subalgebras of every type are derived. A new post-quantum digital signature scheme is introduced based on a novel form of the hidden discrete logarithm problem. The scheme is characterized in using scalar multiplication as an additional operation masking the hidden cyclic group in which the basic exponentiation operation is performed when generating the public key. The advantage of the developed signature scheme is the comparatively high performance of the signature generation and verification algorithms as well as the possibility to implement a blind signature protocol on its base.
PC-solutions and quasi-solutions of the interval system of linear algebraic equations
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, Noskov Sergei I. , Lakeyev Anatoly V. ,   Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The problem of solving the interval system of linear algebraic equations (ISLAEs) is one of the well-known problems of interval analysis, which is currently undergoing intensive development. In general, this solution represents a set, which may be given differently, de- pending on which quantifiers are related to the elements of the left and right sides of this system. Each set of solutions of ISLAE to be determined is described by the domain of compatibility of the corresponding system of linear inequalities and, normally, one nonlinear condition of the type of complementarity. It is difficult to work with them when solving specific problems. Therefore, in the case of nonemptiness in the process of solving the problem it is recommended to find a so-called PC-solution, based on the application of the technique known in the theory of multi-criterial choice, that presumes maximization of the solving capacity of the system of inequalities. If this set is empty, it is recommended to find a quasi- solution of ISLAE. The authors compare the approach proposed for finding PC- and/or quasi-solutions to the approach proposed by S. P. Shary, which is based on the application of the recognizing functional.
CHAMAYOU, Grégoire. Teoria do drone.
Authors: De Caux Luiz Philipe
Published: October 2021

É possível desvendar uma reconfiguração de normas e relações sociais e políticas, quiçá da própria estrutura dessas normas e relações, a partir da investigação da emergência de um artefato técnico? Tal é a questão de fundo que mobiliza o jovem filósofo francês Grégoire Chamayou, apresentado ao público brasileiro nesta bela edição da Cosac Naify, com competente tradução de Célia Euvaldo; questão que Chamayou ensaia res-ponder indo diretamente à coisa.
Possibility, imagination and conception [Possibilidade, imaginação e concepção]
Authors: Béziau Jean-Yves
Published: October 2021

In this paper we investigate the relations between possibility, imagination and conception. We develop a theory according to which these three notions are compatible but independent. This means in particular that none of these notions reduces to another one and that there are things which are:  (1) imaginable but neither possible nor conceivable; (2) conceivable but neither possible nor imaginable; (3) possible but neither imaginable nor conceivable. We first explain our methodology: structuralism, equilibrium between norm and description, prototypical examples. And then we proceed.
Os princípios kantianos para uma liberdade republicana de imprensa [Kantian principles for a republican freedom of press]
Authors: Klein Joel Thiago
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma concepção de liberdade republicana de imprensa a partir de uma análise e construção conceitual inspirada nos conceitos kantianos de uso público e uso privado da razão. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se, por um lado, críticas ao modelo liberal de liberdade de imprensa e, por outro, propõe-se, em linhas gerais, uma forma como um modelo republicano de liberdade de imprensa poderia ser implementado no contexto das sociedades democráticas contemporâneas.
Kelsen leitor de Kant: considerações a respeito da relação entre direito e moral e seus reflexos na política [Kelsen, reader of Kant: considerations regarding the relationship between Law and Moral and its consequences in politics]
Authors: Consani Cristina Foroni
Published: October 2021

Este artigo investiga, a partir das teses de Kant e de Kelsen, as consequências, no âmbito da filosofia política e do direito, da aceitação e da negação da metafísica na fundamentação da moral e do direito. Tendo em vista a influência do pensamento kantiano em Kelsen, na primeira seção apresenta-se a relação entre direito e moral em Kant; na segunda seção mostra-se como se estabelece a relação entre direito e moral em Kelsen e, por fim, na terceira seção realiza-se uma avaliação de ambas as propostas e de seus reflexos na política.
Is there a human right to be assisted in dying? [Temos um direito humano a ser assistido na morte?]
Authors: Tonetto Milene
Published: October 2021

This paper will focus on the issue of whether it is plausible to think about a human right to be assisted in dying. The right to be assisted in dying cannot be considered just a right of non-interference. It is better understood as a claim right because it demands assistance and positive actions. I will argue that the principles of individual autonomy and Kant’s notion of dignity taken independently cannot be considered plausible justification for the human right to be assisted in dying. Griffin’s personhood account points out that principles of liberty, minimum provision and autonomy must be taken together to justify human rights. Based on his theory, I will argue that a person with a terminal disease who was aware of her imminent death or who suffered from an intractable, incurable, irreversible disease may waive the right to life and choose death. Therefore, the right to life would not restrict the human right to be assisted in dying and a state that allowed the practice of assisted dying would not be disrespecting the human right to life. This article will defend that the personhood account is able to protect vulnerable people from making decisions under pressure and avoid the slippery slope objection.
A questão de Deus no contexto da filosofia moral de Kant [The question of God on the horizon of Kant's practical philosophy]
Authors: Calovi Gustavo Ellwanger
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a significação de Deus no horizonte da filosofia prática de Kant. No entanto, é fundamental salientar que o referido conceito perpassa todas as obras de Kant e, ainda, é um dos conceitos que mais sofreu alteração de significado ao longo do pensamento kantiano. Desse modo, para atender ao objetivo central do texto dividiremos a investigação em três momentos. Inicialmente, apresentaremos os postulados da razão prática (imortalidade da alma e a existência de Deus). Em seguida abordaremos a relação dos postulados com a realização do sumo bem (união entre virtude e felicidade); por fim, apresentaremos, de uma forma geral, a prova moral da existência de Deus.
DETERMINATION OF UNIT PARAMETERS WITH SELECTIVE MEMBRANES
Authors: GILMANOV Alexander Ya. , Demenchuk Maria A. , SHEVELEV Alexander P.
Published: October 2021

The energy complex of Russia is largely based on oil and gas potential. One of the ways to maintain the rate of hydrocarbon production is the use of gas methods. In this regard, inexpensive methods of obtaining pure gases are relevant. One of such approaches is the use of installations with selective membranes, the use of which is ineffective without preliminary modeling. There are currently no models that provide accurate quantitative results. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to develop a detailed mathematical model of the gas separation process in an installation with selective membranes and to determine the technological parameters with its help. The paper deals with the division of air in a membrane unit into pure gases: nitrogen and oxygen. The membrane consists of fibers, their sizes are comparable to the sizes of gas molecules, due to which the gas separation process takes place, since the transmission rate of the components is different. Filtering rate is a function of spatial coordinate and time. The basic system of the mechanics equations of multiphase systems is used for modeling. The developed mathematical model is based for the first time on the most detailed approach, in which the process is considered both inside and outside the membrane. To describe the processes outside the membrane, a system of equations for component fluxes is used, and inside the membrane, the conservation laws of mass and momentum are used. The model is reduced to a dimensionless form in order to get away from dimensional physical quantities and to carry out a criterion analysis to assess the contribution of parameters affecting the gas separation process. The data used for the evaluation correspond to a real membrane plant. By numerically solving the model equations, the distribution of nitrogen concentration inside and outside the membrane tubes is obtained. Analysis of the model in a dimensionless form shows that all factors make a comparable order of magnitude contribution to the final distribution of gas concentration.
INVESTIGATION OF THE NON-STATIONARY TEMPERATURE FIELD IN A RESERVOIR WITH A HYDRAULIC FRACTURING BASED ON AN ANALYTICAL MODEL
Authors: DAVLETSHIN Filyus F. , SHARAFUTDINOV Ramil F.
Published: October 2021

Currently, well temperature studies are widely used to solve various problems of control and monitoring of hydraulic fracturing. Temperature data measured in production wells during and after hydraulic fracturing provide important information about non-stationary filtration and thermal processes that are sensitive to fracture parameters — position and orientation, geometry and filtration characteristics. Mathematical models developed for calculating non-stationary pressure and temperature fields with known geometry and filtration-capacitive properties of the fracture and reservoir, in the general case, can be numerical and analytical. In the quantitative interpretation of temperature measurements and solving inverse problems for estimating fracture parameters, the speed of calculating the temperature field is important, in this regard, the development of analytical mathematical models of non-isothermal filtration in a reservior with a hydraulic fracturing is relevant.
The paper presents the results of a study of a non-stationary formation temperature field in a reservoir with a hydraulic fracture based on an analytical model. The developed analytical model takes into account convective heat transfer, heat and mass transfer between the fracture and the formation, thermodynamic (adiabatic and Joule — Thomson) effects. To control the calculation correctness and adequacy of the temperature field, the analytical solution was compared with numerical calculations in the Ansys Fluent software package.
The non-stationary temperature formation features of the fluid flowing into the well in the constant withdrawal mode at various parameters of the fracture (width and permeability) are investigated. It was found that the temperature of the fluid flowing into the well increases in inverse proportion to the width and permeability of the fracture, and in the first hour after putting the well into operation, negative dynamics of the flowing liquid temperature is observed, the duration of which increases with the growth of the fracture width.
COVID-19: Mechanisms of the Antiviral Activities of Selective Antibiotics Targeting the Human 80S Ribosome
Authors: Hountondji Codjo , Poupaert Jacques H. , Aguida Blanche , Saga Fulbert K. Agbo , Pothier Joël , Créchet Jean-Bernard , Cocks Cédrick , Barty Lionel , Kassehin Urbain C. , Gbaguidi Fernand A.
Published: October 2021

Background:

The majority of scientists, physicians, and healthcare professionals were trained with the paradigm: “antibiotics are for bacteria only !”, because they misunderstood the definition of the ribosome targeting antibiotics. In the context of the current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, it might be useful to recall as precisely as possible the definition of the word antibiotic and provide evidence that some classes of antibiotics could offer excellent means to counteract viral infections via specific mechanisms.

Methods:

Molecular modeling and docking studies were used, as well as the tRNAox labeling reaction of the ribosomal protein eL42 in situ on human 80S ribosomes to demonstrate that cycloheximide and its thiosemicarbazone analogues bind to the catalytic Lys-53 residue of the human large subunit ribosomal protein eL42.

Results:

Comparison of the binding sites for Cycloheximide (CHX) and Sparsomycin (SPS) on the evolutionarily conserved E. coli bL12 and S. cerevisiae eL42 by means of molecular modeling and docking studies showed that: (i) SPS binds in proximity to the catalytic Lys-65 residue of the GANK motif of rp bL12 and to the catalytic Lys-55 residue of the GGQTKP motif of rp eL42; (ii) CHX failed to bind to the GANK motif, while the glutarimide moiety of SPS and CHX was found to make contact with Lys-55 of the GGQTKP motif of rp eL42.

Conclusion:

In this report, we demonstrate that cycloheximide and its thiosemicarbazone analogues are capable of inhibiting the human 80S ribosomes selectively through their binding to the ε-amino group of the side chain of Lys-53. As a consequence, these small-molecule inhibitors of translation are susceptible to exhibit antiviral activities by preventing the human ribosomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infected cells from synthesizing the viral proteins and enzymes.
Investigation of Thermal Comfort Changes Using Summer Simmer Index (SSI): A Case Study in Different Climates of Iran
Authors: Asghari Mehdi , Fallah Ghalhari Gholam Abbas , Heidari Hamidreza
Published: October 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the thermal comfort trend using a metrological parameter based on the Summer Simmer Index (SSI), for different climates of Iran between 1985 and 2014.

Methods:

This is a Time-series study. The new SSI was calculated using metrological data in a 30 year- period for illustrating the changes to the thermal comfort or discomfort level through summer months in different climates of Iran. Mann- Kendall test and Sen's Slope were used to compare the upward or downward trend of the index during this period.

Results:

The worst thermal condition was observed in the southern and central regions of the country. A few stations were put in comfort zone (77≤SSI<83°F). The fluctuations of SSI were not considerable during the study period (P<0.001). However, a commonly upward trend was observed, indicating rising temperature. This initial assessment, which can be reported daily along with other atmospheric parameters at meteorological stations, could play a significant role in reducing the heat-related complications among exposed individuals and a basis for taking appropriate protective measures.

Conclusion:

Based on the results obtained in this study, which has been investigated in Iran for a long period of time, considering intrinsic features of the SSI index, such as ease of calculation and interpretation and also the possibility of calculating the index using daily reported meteorological data, the use of SSI as a screening index of thermal stress in order to adopt preventive policies in outdoor settings in climates of Iran is recommended.
Correlation Between Mobility and COVID-19 Cases in Surabaya City, Indonesia
Authors: Alawy Gholiqul , Wicaksono Achmad , Suharyanto Agus
Published: October 2021

The number of COVID-19 cases in Surabaya was one of the highest in Indonesia at the beginning of the pandemic. This study aims to determine the mobility and activity patterns of the people of Surabaya during the COVID-19 pandemic and find a correlation between people mobility and the number of COVID-19 cases in Surabaya City using Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation (PCC). The data used are mobility data at Gubeng Station, Purabaya Terminal, Waru Utama toll gate, and COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. The mobility pattern of the people of Surabaya City in 2020 is divided into 5 phases, namely the normal condition phase (F0), the pandemic’s initial phase (F1), the PSBB phase (F2), the transition of AKB phase (F3), and the AKB phase (F4). This study indicates that the number of people in transit stations and residential areas has a high correlation with the number of COVID-19 cases. In addition, the type of mobility that has the most effect on increasing the number of COVID-19 cases is the mobility of bus transportation
Study of Water Management Development in Petung Swamp Areas at the Province of East Kalimantan
Authors: Pramono Agus , Sisno Suhardjono , Sholichin Moch
Published: October 2021

Swamp area is usually seen at the debouchment that is close to the sea. Swamp area can be used for farming area if it has a proper water management system. However, water management at the swamp area is hard to do and can be potentially become over drained in some areas. The aim of this study is to locate the potential areas that are able to occur over drained at Petung Swamp Irrigation System and able to find solutions of the problems. The first step to do is doing survey to know the condition of the channel, finding hydrological data, and tidal data. The hydrological data are intended to get modulus drain discharge. The next step is running data with HecRAS application to get the result of water channel profile of all channels. After that, analyzing the groundwater level could be done and meet the conclusion whether the channel is having over drained or not. The result of this study is the areas of Petung Swamp Irrigation that mostly having over drained condition are at the headwaters because the tide cannot reach the upper areas. The areas also have no floodgates, so the water journey couldn’t be occurred and not evenly distributed
Instant democracy: a look forward to the EU’s digital future
Authors: Pereira Miguel
Published: October 2021

Democracy’s resilience is being put to the test by the 21st century. The impactof globalisation and digitalisation has disenfranchised many but so have traditional democratic practices. In an era of constant and immediate communication, with society embracing technological advances while struggling to cope with its inadvertent effects, democracy is still tethered to traditional practices that limit citizens’ roles to casting their ballots every few years. However, theory is now being put to the test and experiments with digital democracy are popping up across the globe. In this article, we cover three participative democracy instruments, namely the European Citizens Initiative, e-Voting and e-Participatory Budgeting, delving into their potential and identifying their limitations, in the context of the European Union. We also cover the unforeseen threats to democracy posed by information security issues and social media.
Guidance for Implementing Video Consultations in Danish General Practice: Rapid Cycle Coproduction Study
Authors: Sandbæk Amanda , Christensen Line Due , Larsen Lotte Lykke , Primholdt Christensen Nina , Kofod Frida Greek , Guassora Ann Dorrit , Merrild Camilla Hoffmann , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth
Published: October 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed various spheres of health care. General practitioners (GPs) have widely replaced face-to-face consultations with telephone or video consultations (VCs) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Using VCs for health service delivery is an entirely new way of practicing for many GPs. However, this transition process has largely been conducted with no formal guidelines, which may have caused implementation barriers. This study presents a rapid cycle coproduction approach for developing a guide to assist VC implementation in general practice.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to describe the developmental phases of the VC guide to assist general practices in implementing VCs and summarize the evaluation made by general practice users.

Methods

The development of a guide for VC in general practice was structured as a stepped process based on the coproduction and prototyping processes. We used an iterative framework based on rapid qualitative analyses and interdisciplinary collaborations. Thus, the guide was developed in small, repeated cycles of development, implementation, evaluation, and adaptation, with a continuous exchange between research and practice. The data collection process was structured in 3 main phases. First, we conducted a literature review, recorded observations, and held informal and semistructured interviews. Second, we facilitated coproduction with stakeholders through 4 workshops with GPs, a group interview with patient representatives, and individual revisions by GPs. Third, nationwide testing was conducted in 5 general practice clinics and was followed by an evaluation of the guide through interviews with GPs.

Results

A rapid cycle coproduction approach was used to explore the needs of general practice in connection with the implementation of VC and to develop useful, relevant, and easily understandable guiding materials. Our findings suggest that a guide for VCs should include advice and recommendations regarding the organization of VCs, the technical setup, the appropriate target groups, patients’ use of VCs, the performance of VCs, and the arrangements for booking a VC.

Conclusions

The combination of coproduction, prototyping, small iterations, and rapid data analysis is a suitable approach when contextually rich, hands-on guide materials are urgently needed. Moreover, this method could provide an efficient way of developing relevant guide materials for general practice to aid the implementation of new technology beyond the pandemic period.
Digital Intervention Strategies for Increasing Physical Activity Among Preschoolers: Systematic Review
Authors: Swindle Taren , Poosala Anwesh B , Zeng Nan , Børsheim Elisabet , Andres Aline , Bellows Laura L
Published: October 2021

Background

Digital interventions are increasingly used to improve health behaviors. Improved access and lower costs (relative to in-person interventions) make such interventions appealing. Specifically, digital platforms may be a promising approach for increasing physical activity (PA) in young children.

Objective

The goal of this systematic review was three-pronged: (1) to determine the quality of studies using digital PA intervention strategies with preschool-aged children (ie, 3 to 5 years old); (2) to assess the efficacy of digital interventions and approaches designed to improve PA in preschool-aged children; and (3) to examine theoretical application and implementation outcomes with current approaches to digital PA interventions.

Methods

This review identified and summarized studies on digitally supported interventions for promoting PA in preschool-aged children. We generated 3 lists of relevant search terms that included technology-related terms, PA-related terms, and weight-related terms. The search included Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. Study selection was led by a single author and verified by a second; the same 2 authors assessed study quality using a standardized tool, and 3 authors completed data extraction on PA outcomes, theory application, and implementation outcomes.

Results

In total, 601 studies were identified; 8 met the inclusion criteria. For study quality, only 2 studies received an overall rating of strong quality and low risk of bias. All but 1 study had a small sample size (<100). Positive and significant changes in child PA outcomes were reported in only 2 studies with weak overall quality, both of which used child-directed approaches. In total, 5 studies applied a behavioral theory for designing the intervention; no patterns of effectiveness were identified based on the application of theory. Finally, no studies reported on the implementation outcomes of adoption, cost, penetration, or sustainability; 1 study did not assess any implementation outcomes, and no single study reported on more than 2 implementation outcomes. Studies measured the implementation outcome of acceptability most frequently (n=4), and researchers assessed fidelity in 3 studies.

Conclusions

The interventions with a significant effect on PA used child-centered activities; parent-directed digital interventions alone were ineffective for improving PA. Future research with rigorous designs, monitoring of implementation outcomes, and testing of the contributions of digital components will advance understanding of the effectiveness of digital interventions for increasing PA in children.
Accelerating the Appropriate Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Protocol for a Multistepped Approach
Authors: Wiljer David , Salhia Mohammad , Dolatabadi Elham , Dhalla Azra , Gillan Caitlin , Al-Mouaswas Dalia , Jackson Ethan , Waldorf Jacqueline , Mattson Jane , Clare Megan , Lalani Nadim , Charow Rebecca , Balakumar Sarmini , Younus Sarah , Jeyakumar Tharshini , Peteanu Wanda , Tavares Walter
Published: October 2021

Background

Significant investments and advances in health care technologies and practices have created a need for digital and data-literate health care providers. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms transform the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of medical conditions. Complex and massive data sets are informing significant health care decisions and clinical practices. The ability to read, manage, and interpret large data sets to provide data-driven care and to protect patient privacy are increasingly critical skills for today’s health care providers.

Objective

The aim of this study is to accelerate the appropriate adoption of data-driven and AI-enhanced care by focusing on the mindsets, skillsets, and toolsets of point-of-care health providers and their leaders in the health system.

Methods

To accelerate the adoption of AI and the need for organizational change at a national level, our multistepped approach includes creating awareness and capacity building, learning through innovation and adoption, developing appropriate and strategic partnerships, and building effective knowledge exchange initiatives. Education interventions designed to adapt knowledge to the local context and address any challenges to knowledge use include engagement activities to increase awareness, educational curricula for health care providers and leaders, and the development of a coaching and practice-based innovation hub. Framed by the Knowledge-to-Action framework, we are currently in the knowledge creation stage to inform the curricula for each deliverable. An environmental scan and scoping review were conducted to understand the current state of AI education programs as reported in the academic literature.

Results

The environmental scan identified 24 AI-accredited programs specific to health providers, of which 11 were from the United States, 6 from Canada, 4 from the United Kingdom, and 3 from Asian countries. The most common curriculum topics across the environmental scan and scoping review included AI fundamentals, applications of AI, applied machine learning in health care, ethics, data science, and challenges to and opportunities for using AI.

Conclusions

Technologies are advancing more rapidly than organizations, and professionals can adopt and adapt to them. To help shape AI practices, health care providers must have the skills and abilities to initiate change and shape the future of their discipline and practices for advancing high-quality care within the digital ecosystem.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/30940
Smoking Protective and Risk Factors Among Transgender and Gender-Expansive Individuals (Project SPRING): Qualitative Study Using Digital Photovoice (Preprint)
Authors: Tan Andy SL , Gazarian Priscilla K , Darwish Sabreen , Hanby Elaine , Farnham Bethany C , Koroma-Coker Faith A , Potter Jennifer , Ballout Suha
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) adults are twice as likely to smoke cigarettes than cisgender individuals. There is a critical gap in research on effective and culturally sensitive approaches to reduce smoking prevalence among TGE adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to qualitatively examine the risk and protective factors of cigarette smoking among TGE adults through real-world exemplars.

METHODS

We conducted a digital photovoice study among a purposeful sample of 47 TGE adults aged ≥18 years and currently smoking in the United States (March 2019-April 2020). Participants uploaded photos daily that depicted smoking risk and protective factors they experienced over 21 days on either private Facebook or Instagram groups. Next, we conducted separate focus group discussions to explore the experiences of these factors among a subset of participants from each group. We analyzed participants’ photos, captions, and focus group transcripts and generated themes associated with smoking risk and protective factors.

RESULTS

We identified 6 major themes of risk and protective factors of smoking among TGE individuals: experience of stress, gender affirmation, health consciousness, social influences, routine behaviors, and environmental cues. We describe and illustrate each theme using exemplar photos and quotes.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study will inform future community-engaged research to develop culturally tailored interventions to reduce smoking prevalence among TGE individuals.
Accelerating the Appropriate Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Protocol for a Multistepped Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Wiljer David , Salhia Mohammad , Dolatabadi Elham , Dhalla Azra , Gillan Caitlin , Al-Mouaswas Dalia , Jackson Ethan , Waldorf Jacqueline , Mattson Jane , Clare Megan , Lalani Nadim , Charow Rebecca , Balakumar Sarmini , Younus Sarah , Jeyakumar Tharshini , Peteanu Wanda , Tavares Walter
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Significant investments and advances in health care technologies and practices have created a need for digital and data-literate health care providers. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms transform the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of medical conditions. Complex and massive data sets are informing significant health care decisions and clinical practices. The ability to read, manage, and interpret large data sets to provide data-driven care and to protect patient privacy are increasingly critical skills for today’s health care providers.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to accelerate the appropriate adoption of data-driven and AI-enhanced care by focusing on the mindsets, skillsets, and toolsets of point-of-care health providers and their leaders in the health system.

METHODS

To accelerate the adoption of AI and the need for organizational change at a national level, our multistepped approach includes creating awareness and capacity building, learning through innovation and adoption, developing appropriate and strategic partnerships, and building effective knowledge exchange initiatives. Education interventions designed to adapt knowledge to the local context and address any challenges to knowledge use include engagement activities to increase awareness, educational curricula for health care providers and leaders, and the development of a coaching and practice-based innovation hub. Framed by the Knowledge-to-Action framework, we are currently in the knowledge creation stage to inform the curricula for each deliverable. An environmental scan and scoping review were conducted to understand the current state of AI education programs as reported in the academic literature.

RESULTS

The environmental scan identified 24 AI-accredited programs specific to health providers, of which 11 were from the United States, 6 from Canada, 4 from the United Kingdom, and 3 from Asian countries. The most common curriculum topics across the environmental scan and scoping review included AI fundamentals, applications of AI, applied machine learning in health care, ethics, data science, and challenges to and opportunities for using AI.

CONCLUSIONS

Technologies are advancing more rapidly than organizations, and professionals can adopt and adapt to them. To help shape AI practices, health care providers must have the skills and abilities to initiate change and shape the future of their discipline and practices for advancing high-quality care within the digital ecosystem.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/30940
The Prediction of Preterm Birth Using Time-Series Technology-Based Machine Learning: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Yichao , Lu Sha , Wu Yina , Hu Wensheng , Yuan Zhenming
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Globally, the preterm birth rate has tended to increase over time. Ultrasonography cervical-length assessment is considered to be the most effective screening method for preterm birth, but routine, universal cervical-length screening remains controversial because of its cost.

OBJECTIVE

We used obstetric data to analyze and assess the risk of preterm birth. A machine learning model based on time-series technology was used to analyze regular, repeated obstetric examination records during pregnancy to improve the performance of the preterm birth screening model.

METHODS

This study attempts to use continuous electronic medical record (EMR) data from pregnant women to construct a preterm birth prediction classifier based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Clinical data were collected from 5187 pregnant Chinese women who gave birth with natural vaginal delivery. The data included more than 25,000 obstetric EMRs from the early trimester to 28 weeks of gestation. The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess the performance of the prediction model.

RESULTS

Compared with a traditional cross-sectional study, the LSTM model in this time-series study had better overall prediction ability and a lower misdiagnosis rate at the same detection rate. Accuracy was 0.739, sensitivity was 0.407, specificity was 0.982, and the AUC was 0.651. Important-feature identification indicated that blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, uric acid, and other metabolic factors were important factors related to preterm birth.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study will be helpful to the formulation of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth, and will help clinicians make correct decisions during obstetric examinations. The time-series model has advantages for preterm birth prediction.
Use of Mobile Apps for Self-care in People With Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lee JuHee , Yeom Insun , Chung Misook L , Kim Yielin , Yoo Subin , Kim Eunyoung
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Self-care is essential for people with Parkinson disease (PD) to minimize their disability and adapt to alterations in physical abilities due to this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. With rapid developments in mobile technology, many health-related mobile apps for PD have been developed and used. However, research on mobile app–based self-care in PD is insufficient.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the features and characteristics of mobile apps for self-care in people with PD.

METHODS

This study was performed sequentially according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched in consultation with a librarian on June 8, 2021. We used keywords including ”Parkinson disease” and ”mobile.”

RESULTS

A total of 17 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 14 observational studies or quasi-experimental studies. The use of mobile apps for self-care in people with PD focused on symptom monitoring, especially motor symptoms. Motor symptoms were objectively measured mainly through the sensors of smartphones or wearable devices and task performance. Nonmotor symptoms were monitored through task performance or self-reported questionnaires in mobile apps. Most existing studies have focused on clinical symptom assessment in people with PD, and there is a lack of studies focusing on symptom management.

CONCLUSIONS

Mobile apps for people with PD have been developed and used, but strategies for self-management are insufficient. We recommend the development of mobile apps focused on self-care that can enhance symptom management and health promotion practices. Studies should also evaluate the effects of mobile apps on symptom improvement and quality of life in people with PD.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021267374; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021267374.
Financial Technologies for Accepting Transactions Using Block Chain Technology and Crypto Currency in Digital Marketing
Authors: Shahbandi Mohammadali
Published: October 2021

Recently, block chain technology as an innovative technology has attracted attention and spread. Its potential benefits have led organizations to decide to adopt the technology. Therefore, this research aims for FinTech start-ups to accept financial transactions using block chain technology and crypto currency in digital marketing for the use of users. The present study is a survey and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes experts in the field of cryptocurrency and block chain who are scientifically or experimentally familiar with this field. This study shows that FinTech introduces a new paradigm in which information technology drives innovation in the financial industry. As a changing game, FinTech is a destructive innovation that is able to stimulate traditional financial markets. Investors in emerging markets are looking for innovation to gain a foothold.