bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of a Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Technique With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Thaunat Mathieu , Freychet Benjamin , Pupim Barbara H.B. , Murphy Colin G. , Claes Steven
Published: March 2015

Background:

The anterolateral ligament has recently been identified as an important structure involved in rotational laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Results of a combined ACL and anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction technique have never been reported.

Purpose:

To report subjective and objective outcomes after combined ACL and minimally invasive ALL reconstruction with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 92 patients underwent a combined ACL and ALL reconstruction. Indications for a combined procedure were associated Segond fracture, chronic ACL lesion, grade 3 pivot shift, high level of sporting activity, pivoting sports, and radiographic lateral femoral notch sign. Patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively with objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale. Instrumented knee testing was performed with the Rolimeter arthrometer. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was obtained at the last follow-up. Complications including graft failure or contralateral ACL rupture were also recorded.

Results:

The mean follow-up time was 32.4 ± 3.9 months. One patient (1.1%) was lost to follow-up, 1 patient (1.1%) suffered an ACL graft rupture, and 7 patients (7.6%) had a contralateral ACL rupture, leaving 83 patients for final evaluation. At the last follow-up, all patients had full range of motion. The Lysholm, subjective IKDC, and objective IKDC scores were significantly improved (all P < .0001). The Tegner activity scale at the last follow-up (7.1 ± 1.8) was slightly lower than before surgery (7.3 ± 1.7) ( P < .01). The mean differential anterior laxity was 8 ± 1.9 mm before surgery and significantly decreased to 0.7 ± 0.8 mm at the last follow-up ( P < .0001). Preoperatively, 41 patients had a grade 1 pivot shift, 23 had a grade 2, and 19 had a grade 3 according to the IKDC criteria. Postoperatively, 76 patients had a negative pivot shift (grade 0), and 7 patients were grade 1 ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that a combined reconstruction can be an effective procedure without specific complications at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Longer term and comparative follow-up studies are necessary to determine whether these combined reconstructions improve the results of ACL treatment.
The Effect of Trochlear Dysplasia on Patellofemoral Biomechanics
Authors: Van Haver Annemieke , De Roo Karel , De Beule Matthieu , Labey Luc , De Baets Patrick , Dejour David , Claessens Tom , Verdonk Peter
Published: March 2015

Background:

Trochlear dysplasia appears in different geometrical variations. The Dejour classification is widely used to grade the severity of trochlear dysplasia and to decide on treatment.

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of trochlear dysplasia on patellofemoral biomechanics and to determine if different types of trochlear dysplasia have different effects on patellofemoral biomechanics.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Trochlear dysplasia was simulated in 4 cadaveric knees by replacing the native cadaveric trochlea with different types of custom-made trochlear implants, manufactured with 3-dimensional printing. For each knee, 5 trochlear implants were designed: 1 implant simulated the native trochlea (control condition), and 4 implants simulated 4 types of trochlear dysplasia. The knees were subjected to 3 biomechanical tests: a squat simulation, an open chain extension simulation, and a patellar stability test. The patellofemoral kinematics, contact area, contact pressure, and stability were compared between the control condition (replica implants) and the trochlear dysplastic condition and among the subgroups of trochlear dysplasia.

Results:

The patellofemoral joint in the trochlear dysplastic group showed increased internal rotation, lateral tilt, and lateral translation; increased contact pressures; decreased contact areas; and decreased stability when compared with the control group. Within the trochlear dysplastic group, the implants graded as Dejour type D showed the largest deviations for the kinematical parameters, and the implants graded as Dejour types B and D showed the largest deviations for the patellofemoral contact areas and pressures.

Conclusion:

Patellofemoral kinematics, contact area, contact pressure, and stability are significantly affected by trochlear dysplasia. Of all types of trochlear dysplasia, the models characterized with a pronounced trochlear bump showed the largest deviations in patellofemoral biomechanics.

Clinical Relevance:

Investigating the relationship between the shape of the trochlea and patellofemoral biomechanics can provide insight into the short-term effects (maltracking, increased pressures, and instability) and long-term effects (osteoarthritis) of different types of trochlear dysplasia. Furthermore, this investigation provides an empirical explanation for better treatment outcomes of trochleoplasty for Dejour types B and D dysplasia.
Suitability of biochar as a matrix for improving the performance of composting toilets
Authors: Hijikata Nowaki , Yamauchi Natsuru , Ishiguro Masaki , Ushijima Ken , Funamizu Naoyuki
Published: March 2015

To evaluate the suitability of biochar (rice husk charcoal) as a matrix in composting toilets that can decompose human faeces and recover fertiliser components, the composting process during toilet operation and the agricultural value of the resulting compost were characterised by performing a comparison with sawdust, rice husks, and corn stalks. The faecal decomposition ratio in biochar was 42%, similar to the values for rice husks (46%) and corn stalks (41%), but higher than the value for sawdust (25%). Heterotroph micro-organism acidity is qualitatively higher in biochar than in sawdust. However, nitrogen loss in biochar was 19%, lower than that in rice husks (36%) and corn stalks (25%), but similar to that in sawdust (16%). Although the biochar compost had no significant impact on the cation exchange capacity and water retention of sandy soil, the ratio of nitrogen transportation into plants was 12.8%, higher than that for the other materials. These results suggest that biochar is effective for achieving high faecal decomposition, low nitrogen loss, and high nutrient supply.
Learning communities: Pathways for educational success and social transformation through interactive groups in mathematics
Authors: García-Carrión Rocío , Díez-Palomar Javier
Published: March 2015

Schools as learning communities have been recommended by the European Commission as an effective model to support school quality and development. Aiming at studying how these schools are achieving such positive results, this article focuses on the analysis of a particular classroom intervention called ‘interactive groups’. A five-year longitudinal case study has been conducted in a socio-economically deprived urban school under the European Union-funded large-scale research project INCLUD-ED: Strategies for Inclusion and Social Cohesion in Europe from Education. Descriptive and interpretative analysis was conducted based on quantitative indicators on school performance in mathematics and including qualitative data from classroom observations and interviews with pupils, parents and teachers. Particularly, the authors aim to explore in which ways and under which conditions dialogic interactions take place in culturally diverse small groups when doing interactive groups in mathematics. Data on school performance in mathematics shows a sustainable improvement over time. Families, teachers and students seem to link the interactions in interactive groups with an improvement in their relationships in the school and in the community. The authors conclude that the dialogical approach identified in interactive groups among students, teachers and parents improves students’ achievement and increases the potential of community-based mathematical interventions in primary classrooms. Lessons learned from this study have informed educational policies in Europe.
Children as members of a community: Citizenship, participation and educational development – an introduction to the special issue
Authors: Lúcio Joana , I’Anson John
Published: March 2015

For the purpose of this publication, the authors shall discuss the subject of young people as citizens and, particularly, as members of a community. Their focus shall be on how young people perceive themselves as members of one (or several) community(ies), and on how communitarian interactions (at an interpersonal and/or an organizational level) are viewed, by them, as fundamental for their own development and for that of the community(ies) to which they belong. The contributions featured in this special issue invoke a broad understanding of participation and citizenship in terms of children’s everyday experiences, informed by their roles as members of one (or several) family(ies), as students, as inhabitants of a certain space, etc. These different roles emerge both as products and as constructs of the different ‘stages’ upon which the child acts: they are contexts of individual but also collective – and eventually communitarian – action and appropriation. The concept of community as dialectics is especially relevant here, since what is sought is not consensus, but rather participation, which, in its plurality of forms, warrants the emergence of initiatives that really correspond to the individuals’ demands. The ‘common’, rather than smothering diversity, emerges with the purpose of configuring fuller and more complex ways of experiencing citizenship and citizens’ rights.
Empowering the disempowered through voice-inclusive practice: Children’s views on adult-centric educational provision
Authors: Sargeant Jonathon , Gillett-Swan Jenna K
Published: March 2015

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child provides a significant platform to include children’s views on issues that affect their lives, yet, in many contexts, particularly in educational practice, children’s perspectives continue to be irregularly sought and are rarely acted upon. By providing children’s perspectives on what they would like adults to know, this article explores a unique view of childhood and the interactions with family, community, educational experiences and well-being. The children’s insights about their worlds that they feel adults are missing potentiate the development and incorporation of voice-inclusive practice. While the sense that each child makes of their Lebenswelt – the ‘ingredients’ – is idiosyncratic and will be influenced by many factors, including peers, teachers, parents, other adults and the media, it is the nature of this personal understanding that is poorly understood, and consequently ignored by adults. By exploring the commentary of more than 1000 children across five countries – Australia, England, New Zealand, Italy and Sweden – this research reveals an overwhelming collection of what the authors describe as ‘comments that rhyme’ in terms of the identification of expressed sentiment and thematic representations of their perspectives.
The Effects of Vignette Placement on Attitudes Toward Supporting Family Members
Authors: Lau Charles Q. , Seltzer Judith A. , Bianchi Suzanne M.
Published: March 2015

Vignettes are useful for measuring norms and beliefs, but little is known about how vignette placement affects responses to subsequent attitude questions. We investigate how the placement of a vignette about parents and adult children living together affects answers to subsequent questions about family obligations in a survey of the U.S. population. We randomly assigned the order of the vignette and three single-statement attitude questions. For the single-statement question about family members living together, the effect of vignette placement depended on respondents’ original attitudes. For individuals with ambivalent or positive attitudes, asking the vignette before the attitude questions doubled reports of favorable attitudes. Vignette placement had no effect for those with negative attitudes. For the single-statement attitude questions about financial support between parents and adult children, vignette placement had no effect, suggesting that vignette placement may only influence subsequent questions about the same topic.
α-Mannan induces Th17-mediated pulmonary graft-versus-host disease in mice
Authors: Uryu Hidetaka , Hashimoto Daigo , Kato Koji , Hayase Eiko , Matsuoka Satomi , Ogasawara Reiki , Takahashi Shuichiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Iwasaki Hiromi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Saijo Shinobu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Hill Geoffrey R. , Akashi Koichi , Teshima Takanori
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Mn stimulates macrophages via Dectin-2 to induce donor Th17 differentiation after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Mn-induced Th17 cells accumulate in the lungs to cause pulmonary GVHD.
Cyclic growth of hierarchical structures in the aluminum-silicate system
Authors: Dyonizy Agnieszka , Kaminker Vitaliy , Wieckowska Joanna , Krzywicki Tomasz , Pantaleone Jim , Nowak Piotr , Maselko Jerzy
Published: March 2015

Background

Biological structures grow spontaneously from a seed, using materials supplied by the environment. These structures are hierarchical, with the ‘building blocks’ on each level constructed from those on the lower level. To understand and model the processes that occur on many levels, and later construct them, is a difficult task. However interest in this subject is growing. It is now possible to study the spontaneous growth of hierarchical structures in simple, two component chemical systems.

Results

Aluminum-silicate systems have been observed to grow into structures that are approximately conical. These structures are composed of multiple smaller cones with several hierarchical levels of complexity. On the highest level the system resembles a metropolis, with a horizontal resource distribution network connecting vertical, conical structures. The cones are made from many smaller cones that are connected together forming a whole with unusual behavior. The growth is observed to switch periodically between the vertical and horizontal directions.

Conclusion

A structure grown in a dish is observed to have many similarities to other hierarchical systems such as biological organisms or cities. This system may provide a simple model system to search for universal laws governing the growth of complex hierarchical structures.
Physical monitoring and advice: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
Authors: Smith Katharine
Published: March 2015

Individuals with severe mental illness have increased rates of physical health problems and reduced life expectancy. As a vulnerable population, they have been identified as needing increased physical health monitoring and treatment. The first of two Cochrane reviews considered here assessed the evidence for the benefit of monitoring but found no studies that could be included. The second reviewed the evidence for provision of general physical healthcare advice. Although the results were suggestive of benefit, the evidence, where available, was of poor quality. These reviews highlight an important area for future research to evaluate the relative health and cost benefits of different types of intervention.
In-patient services for people with intellectual disability and mental health or behavioural difficulties
Authors: Devapriam John , Rosenbach Alan , Alexander Regi
Published: March 2015

Over the past few decades, care for people with intellectual disability in the UK has moved from long-stay hospitals to the community. As in the general population, a number of these people have mental health and behavioural difficulties for which they may require in-patient services. Consequently, psychiatrists need to be aware of the in-patient mental healthcare provision for these individuals. This article describes the different categories of in-patient bed for patients with intellectual disability and ways to monitor the quality and outcomes of in-patient care.
Early schizophrenia: skilful management of medication
Authors: Cookson John
Published: March 2015

It is premature to dismiss the usefulness of long-term treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics. Skilful management of medication is paramount with these patients.
Why are long-acting injectable antipsychotics still underused?
Authors: Bosanac Peter , Castle David Jonathan
Published: March 2015

‘Depot antipsychotics' (‘long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications' or LAIs) are underused in the treatment of schizophrenia (including first episodes) and, possibly, of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorders. Patients' and clinicians' beliefs and attitudes, and service barriers, affect best practice and evidence-based care in LAI prescription. Poor medication adherence is a key reason for LAI prescription, but patients receiving LAIs may still relapse or experience significant side-effects. Patients' and clinicians' attitudes towards antipsychotic medication, as well as the quality of their recovery-focused relationship, are key factors in adherence. Clinicians should avoid a dichotomous ‘oralv. LAI’ choice: LAIs may have a place at various stages in the continuum of care and they should be one of the options discussed with any patient requiring long-term treatment, even early in the illness course. Many clinicians need better education about LAIs and greater familiarity with schizophrenia treatment guidelines.
Sleep disorders in children and adolescents†
Authors: Stores Gregory
Published: March 2015

Disordered sleep has long been recognised as both a consequence of psychiatric illness and a contributory factor to its development. Significant sleep disturbance occurs in about 25% of children and adolescents and 80% or more of children in high-risk groups; it often continues into adulthood. All psychiatrists should therefore be familiar with the principles of sleep medicine and the impact of sleep and its disorders. In this article, the relationship between sleep disorders and the breadth of child and adolescent psychiatry in particular is explored. The classification, aetiology and implications of sleep disorders are discussed, as well as the practicalities of screening, diagnosis and management, with a view to informing readers how accurate diagnosis, prevention and successful treatment of sleep disorders can benefit patients and their families.
Quantifying the Influence of Ground Motion Duration on Structural Collapse Capacity Using Spectrally Equivalent Records
Authors: Chandramohan Reagan , Baker Jack W. , Deierlein Gregory G.
Published: March 2015

This study examines the influence of ground motion duration on the collapse capacities of a modern five-story steel moment frame and a reinforced concrete bridge pier. The effect of duration is isolated from the effects of ground motion amplitude and response spectral shape by assembling sets of “spectrally equivalent” long and short duration records and employing them in comparative nonlinear dynamic analyses. For the modern steel moment frame, the estimated median collapse capacity is 29% lower when using the long duration set, as compared to the short duration set. For the concrete bridge pier, the collapse capacity is 17% lower. A comparison of commonly used duration metrics indicates that significant duration is the most suitable metric to characterize ground motion duration for structural analysis. Sensitivity analyses to structural model parameters indicate that structures with high deformation capacities and rapid rates of cyclic deterioration are the most sensitive to duration.
Ester-Linked Alkyl Chain Effect on the 2D Structures of Isobutenyl Compounds: Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Study
Authors: Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Ishitsuka Manami , Omori Kazuhiro , Kashiwada Ayumi , Tsuzuki Seiji , Hiratani Kazuhisa
Published: March 2015

Various lengths of alkyl chains were introduced to the basic skeleton of isobutenyl ether compounds via ester bond (D1-OCn), and the 2D structures were investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy at a solid/liquid interface. In the D1-OCn, two naphthalene units with ester-linked alkyl chains were connected with the isobutenyl group. The D1-OCn possessing C18–21 alkyl chains displayed alternate changes in the 2D structures, in which the alkyl chains were oriented in the same direction to form an interdigitation, whereas those with C15–17 chains showed the same dumbbell-shaped structures, suggesting that there is a specific alkyl chain length range exhibiting the odd–even effect. After the thermal reaction of tandem Claisen rearrangement (TCR), ether functions in the D1-OCn were converted to hydroxy groups accompanied by a new C–C bond formation (D2-OCn). Then, odd–even effect in the D1-OCn was completely cancelled to show only linear alignment in which the alkyl chains turned to the opposite direction, regardless of the alkyl chain length in the rearranged compounds (D2-OCn). This result indicates that various 2D structures of the isobutenyl compounds with ester groups can be transformed to the same linear alignment by the TCR. However, odd–even effect and structural transformation due to the Claisen rearrangement were unavailable for the “half” molecule containing a single naphthalene unit with an alkyl chain and an allyl moiety. Therefore, it can be concluded that dual alkyl chains connected to the naphthalene units are necessary for the isobutenyl ether compounds to reveal the odd–even effect and structural transformation by the TCR.
Synthesis and Solid-State Polymerization of Diacetylene Derivatives with an N-Carbazolylphenyl Group
Authors: Ikeshima Masataka , Mamada Masashi , Katagiri Hiroshi , Minami Tsuyoshi , Okada Shuji , Tokito Shizuo
Published: March 2015

Four diacetylene derivatives with an N-carbazolylphenyl group as a donor moiety have been synthesized and subsequently characterized. These diacetylene derivatives undergo solid-state polymerization via UV irradiation, although these compounds have relatively large π-conjugated aromatic groups. The polymerization behaviors of these derivatives were confirmed by distinct absorption bands for polydiacetylenes. The reactive process is strongly influenced by the slightly differing side groups. Single crystal growth of the two compounds was successful and their crystal structure analyses revealed large differences in the molecular conformations and intermolecular geometries caused by a methylene unit. The HOMO population of the monomers is predominantly expressed in the phenyl carbazole unit, while each polymer showed differing HOMO energies with some polymers exhibiting high-lying HOMO levels.
Preparation Method of PVDF Membrane with Both Hydrophilicity and Smooth Surface Morphology
Authors: Woo Sahng Hyuck , Jeong Sungkuk , Park Jinwon , Min Byoung Ryul
Published: March 2015

In this study, four different types of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were prepared by blending with poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PVDF-g-PSPMA) or/and potassium perchlorate (KClO4). Blending PVDF with PVDF-g-PSPMA and KClO4 allowed the membrane to have hydrophilicity and smooth surface morphology. For example, blending of PVDF-g-PSPMA and KClO4 (A4) showed approximately 13° lower water contact angle and about 23-nm more smooth surface morphology in comparison with no additives (A1) and blending of PVDF-g-PSPMA only (A2), respectively.
A Pushover Seismic Analysis and Retrofitting Method Applied to Low-Rise RC School Buildings
Authors: Hsiao Fu-Pei , Oktavianus Yusak , Ou Yu-Chen , Luu Cong-Hieu , Hwang Shyh-Jiann
Published: March 2015

The proposed method, called the Taiwan Earthquake Assessment for Structures by Pushover Analysis (TEASPA), is a modified capacity spectrum method developed in the NCREE handbook after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. In this study, the evaluation of TEASPA is carried out using results from an experimental campaign comprised of two pushover tests inlow-rise reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings and the ASCE 41 capacity spectrum method. In addition, three problems related to retrofitting design are also discussed. Those are the removal of short columns in the structure, the optimal selection of the RC jacketing's position, and waterproofing problems in the RC jacketing method. The base shear-roof displacement curve, peak ground acceleration, and failure mechanism are calculated from each analysis. The results show that TEASPA is capable of providing accurate results for assessing a low-rise RC building's capacity and is more appropriate to pushover tests. Moreover, the solutions related to retrofitting problems are provided.
Seismic Damage Assessment of RC Members by a Modified Park-Ang Model
Authors: Jiang Huanjun , Fu Bo , Lu Xilin , Chen Linzhi
Published: March 2015

Quantitative assessment of seismic damage by using damage models has been proved feasible and effective in controlling the earthquake-induced damage of structures. In this study, a modification is proposed for the original Park-Ang model by eliminating its non-normalization problem. The combination coefficient of the modified model is derived using the cyclic test results of flexure-dominant RC members from the database provided by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center and the author's own tests. An empirical formula is developed through multivariable nonlinear regression analysis to relate the combination coefficient with three design parameters. The comparison between the modified model and the original model indicates that the damage index of flexure-dominant RC members can be determined by the modified model with higher precision and smaller scatter. At last, the damage indexes at principle damage states are calculated by the modified model.
Deflection Estimation of Bending Beam Structures Using Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensors
Authors: Xu Hui , Ren Wei-Xin , Wang Zuo-Cai
Published: March 2015

This paper uses strains measured by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to estimate the static or dynamic deflection curve of bending beam structures. The deflection estimation method is only based upon the geometric equations of a beam structure without knowing the material information. At each cross section of a beam structure, two FBG strain sensors are installed, and the curvature at the cross section can be estimated by using the two measured strains from the geometric equation. Then the curvature function is assumed as a polynomial function and the coefficients can be estimated using least squares method. Finally, the deflection curve is estimated by integrating the curvature function twice. For dynamic deflection estimation, since only the geometric equations are used, and at each time step, the geometric equations can be also used for a dynamic system. Therefore, at each time step, the deflection can be estimated using the proposed method and the dynamic deflection can be finally obtained. The method is verified by the simulations of a continuous beam under static loads and experimental tests of a simply supported beam under various static loads. A simply support beam under moving loads is also simulated to verify the method for dynamic deformation estimation. All the numerical and test results show that the method can estimate the static and dynamic deflection curve of beam structures with a high accuracy.
Unified Practical Formulas for Vibration-Based Method of Cable Tension Estimation
Authors: Huang Yong-Hui , Fu Ji-Yang , Wang Rong-Hui , Gan Quan , Liu Ai-Rong
Published: March 2015

In this paper, unified practical formulas are proposed to estimate cable tension for vibrations under different boundaries. Correction coefficients are applied to the cable tensions calculated from the taut string theory. In these formulas, a dimensionless parameter η is introduced to represent the relative bending stiffness of the cable in lieu of the dimensionless parameter ξ in the previous formulas found in practice. Results have shown that the proposed formulas are accurate. For the fixed-fixed boundaries, the error in the estimated cable tensions for various frequencies is less than 3% for η ≤ 0.88, and less than 1% for η ≤ 0.55. For the fixed-hinged boundaries, the error in the estimated cable tensions for various frequencies is less than 1% for η ≤ 0.9. If there are multiple frequencies in the in-situ measurement, the proposed formulas can be used to identify the cable tension and bending stiffness simultaneously by solving a quadratic equation. The proposed formulas have been validated against several numerical examples as well as practical test cases.
A Critical Review and Synthesis of Student-Athlete College Choice Factors: Recruiting Effectiveness in NCAA Sports
Authors: Magnusen Marshall James , Kim Yukyoum , Perrewé Pamela L. , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: March 2015

The sport and education literatures are replete with studies about what factors influence student-athletes' college choice decisions. Although numerous factors have been identified, how these criteria come to influence student-athlete decisions has not been fully addressed. Warranting attention is the recruitment process undertaken by schools, especially as it pertains to the role of recruiters (coaches). Based on the sport and management literature, we develop a conceptual model illustrating the fit between recruits and recruiters. This model introduces the reputation/information framework [1] and a social influence approach to NCAA sports recruitment, while also expanding upon previous college choice factor research. In our model, we propose that socially effective recruiters will be better able to identify relevant college choice factors, consolidate this information into recruitment influence strategies, and communicate these strategies by using influence tactics in order to improve recruit and influential agent fit perceptions. Aligned fit perceptions help improve the prospect of recruiters achieving their goals and realizing enhanced recruitment effectiveness. Theoretical and practical implications of our proposed conceptualization are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Influential Relationships as Contexts of Learning and Becoming Elite: Athletes' Retrospective Interpretations
Authors: Storm Louise K. , Henriksen Kristoffer , Larsen Carsten H. , Christensen Mette K.
Published: March 2015

Becoming an elite athlete is a social affair. This paper aims: 1) to explore and identify elite athletes' key persons in their career; and 2) to explore how these key persons are influential for athletes by analyzing characteristics of their relationships as contexts for learning and development. In-depth biographical interviews with 17 elite athletes from a variety of sports were analyzed using a focused cross-case analysis of excerpts from the interviews to explore these influential relationships. Athletes had two main types of relationships with key persons, both of which had critical significance. The transitory relationship had a directional supportive influence during a transition and had significance for the onset of a pivotal turn in the athletes' career. The existential relationship was characterized by continuity across career stages, by the integration of the private and sport spheres, and by the supportive influence in the process of becoming an elite athlete.
The World Junior Athletics Championships: New Zealand Athletes' Lived Experiences
Authors: Hollings Stephen C. , Mallett Clifford J. , Hume Patria A.
Published: March 2015

The World Junior Championships in Athletics (WJC), for athletes aged under 20 years, were introduced in 1986 with objectives including: retention, performance improvement, and being a pathway to elite senior performance. The authors documented the lived experiences of a group of participating athletes from New Zealand in order to determine the role the WJC played in their athletics career and whether they continue to invest their time and resources in athletics and the nature of that investment. Twelve New Zealand athletes were interviewed before and after competing at the 2010 WJC. The data from the semi-structured interviews were examined using hierarchical content analysis. Athletes viewed the WJC as a key point of reference and important in the decision-making process as to whether they continue to invest their time and resources in athletics and the nature of that investment. Athletes found the WJC to be a valuable opportunity to gain experience of world-class international competition, and to improve on their performances. Participation at the WJC can be viewed as a non-normative transition that prepares junior athletes for the normative transition to senior athlete.
From Players to Teams: Towards a Multi-Level Approach of Game Constraints in Team Sports
Authors: Bourbousson Jérôme , Deschamps Thibault , Travassos Bruno
Published: March 2015

To explore the complexity of the game balance that gives rise to individual actions, the present study examined the multi-level nature of the game constraints that afford the action of a drive in basketball (dyadic attacker-defender versus inter-team relationships). On the basis of 33 play sequences including a drive, the positional data of the ten male professional basketball players were analyzed using an ecological dynamics approach. The results mainly revealed: a) that the pre-existing conditions that constrained the drives were only of inter-team level; the beginning of the action occurred after a lateral disturbance in the coordination between teams' geometrical centres combined with sustained lateral fluctuations in the stretch indices coordination; and b) the importance of time scale for observing these relevant fluctuations; we used 3-s, 1-s, and 0.5-s time intervals, but only the 0.5 time scale discriminated the significant variability differences. These results offer new insight into a team-oriented view of the game constraints that call for specific individual actions.
Attitudes of Australian Swimming Coaches towards Inclusion of Swimmers with an Intellectual Disability: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Hammond Andrew M , Young Janet A , Konjarski Loretta
Published: March 2015

Recent research has focused on athletes with physical disabilities, and as such, there is a marked void in the research literature surrounding athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID). In the context of Australian Swimming, athletes with an ID may have difficulty following directions, remembering strategies and staying on task. Coaches will likely include an athlete with ID out of obligation. These athletes are often subject to neglect; however, these behaviours are in-part guided by coaches' attitudes towards these athletes. The purpose of this study was to begin exploration into coaches' attitudes towards athletes with ID within the Australian context. Coaches were grouped (Group 1: Always; Group 2: Sometimes; Group 3 Never) according to recent (< 5 years) experience of including people with an intellectual disability in general settings. Multiple one-way analyses of variance between-groups found that Group 1 (p= .017) (M = 3.29) were more likely to have positive attitudes when compared with group 3 (M = 2.81). Group 1 were more likely (p= <.001) to have more favourable beliefs towards perceived confidence (M= 3.33) when compared with Group 2 (M = 2.68) and Group 3 (M = 2.36). Findings highlight the need for improved coach education to meet the needs of all participants in Government funded sports.
Examining the Development Environments of Elite English Football Academies: The Players' Perspective
Authors: Mills Andrew , Butt Joanne , Maynard Ian , Harwood Chris
Published: March 2015

As a preliminary investigation, we examined elite youth football academy players' perceptions of the quality of their development environment, at a crucial stage in their progression to the professional level. With institutional ethics approval, the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ) [1] was used to survey 50 elite players aged 16–18 (m 17.1, ± s = 0.6 years) recruited from the academies of Premier League and Championship clubs in England. Overall, the results suggest that elite player development environments are perceived to be of a good quality. However, while academies appeared strong in areas related to coaching, organisation, and sport-related support; they were somewhat deficient in areas related to athlete understanding, links to senior progression, and key stakeholder relationships. In addition to the importance of establishing well-integrated youth and senior teams and positive working relationships with parents; the findings underline the necessity for academies to pay close attention to the psychosocial environments they create for developing players. Theoretical considerations and applied implications for those involved in elite player development are discussed.
Recent Advances in Splitting Methods for Multiphysics and Multiscale: Theory and Applications
Authors: Geiser Jürgen
Published: March 2015

In this paper are presented some recent advances in multiscale splitting methods, based on additive and iterative schemes and applied to deterministic and stochastic differential equations.

Several interesting algorithmic aspects of these novel splitting schemes will be discussed. For example, why a decomposed, or split, system may be the key to many important applications in multiply scaled subjects, and why iterative splitting methods can be powerful and more appropriate for well-balanced coupled nonlinear problems. Both theoretical and practical aspects of the recent advances in splitting methods for multiphysics and multiscale applications will be discussed.
Do Stock Analysts Influence Merger Completion? An Examination of Postmerger Announcement Recommendations
Authors: Becher David A. , Cohn Jonathan B. , Juergens Jennifer L.
Published: March 2015

This paper investigates the effects of analyst recommendations issued after a merger announcement on deal completion. We find the probability of completion increases (decreases) with the favorability of acquirer (target) recommendations. Results from instrumental variables tests support causality running from recommendations to merger outcomes. Additional tests suggest that these relations are driven by target shareholders reassessing the merger offer in response to movements in acquirer and target valuations. We also find that favorably recommended firms in a proposed merger underperform following deal resolution, suggesting that investors overreact to postmerger announcement recommendations.

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Policy claims and problem frames: a cross-case comparison of evidence-based policy in an Australian context
Authors: Toorn Georgia van , Dowse Leanne
Published: March 2015

This paper explores the signification of evidence-based policy as a new policy-making paradigm in Australia through a cross-case comparison of the role of evidence in two key areas: child protection and illicit drug policy. Although evidence makes certain courses of action appear valid and credible, quality evidence is not necessarily the critical factor in driving or explaining policy outcomes. Policy solutions are perceived more favourably and driven forward when the initial problem is viewed by actors through a common frame. Rather than a policy input or driver, evidence operates as a discursive tool for consolidation of particular frames and problem representations.
Cross-National Differences in Consumer Satisfaction: Mobile Services in Emerging and Developed Markets
Authors: Morgeson Forrest V. , Sharma Pratyush Nidhi , Hult G. Tomas M.
Published: March 2015

As firms attempt revenue growth through expansion into international markets, research on the potentially differential nature of consumer perceptions across national markets has become increasingly important. The authors advance the customer satisfaction literature by comparing customer perceptions in the wireless services industry across the national markets of Barbados, Singapore, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This five-country context provides a unique opportunity for understanding how customers differ across markets because the data encompass consumers in disparate national markets (e.g., small/large, developing/developed, culturally heterogeneous) but include perceptions regarding a ubiquitous and increasingly commoditized service (wireless services). Focusing on emerging- versus developed-market comparisons, the findings provide important insights into unique differences in customer perceptions, including the greater importance of quality relative to value in influencing satisfaction in developed markets and the lesser importance of satisfaction in influencing customer loyalty in emerging markets.
Banning Controversial Sponsors: Understanding Equilibrium Outcomes When Sports Sponsorships Are Viewed as Two-Sided Matches
Authors: Yang Yupin , Goldfarb Avi
Published: March 2015

This article applies a two-sided matching model to investigate the consequences of banning controversial sponsors. Using a data set containing the shirt sponsorships from 43 English football clubs between 1990 and 2010, the authors' estimates suggest assortative matching between a club's attendance and a sponsor's revenue. In addition, sponsorships become less valuable as the distance between the club and the sponsor's head office grows, particularly for low-performing clubs and smaller domestic sponsors. The authors use these estimates to simulate the consequences of banning alcohol and gambling sponsors. Their estimates of counterfactual outcomes suggest that such bans may not have the largest impact on the clubs (particularly the relatively successful clubs) that currently have alcohol and gambling sponsors. Instead, clubs with low attendance and clubs in low-income areas will be most affected by a ban. More generally, the results demonstrate that when marketing relationships are viewed as the result of a matching process, actions that affect only some marketers may have substantial indirect effects on a variety of players in the market.
Thiol switches in redox regulation of chloroplasts: balancing redox state, metabolism and oxidative stress
Authors: Dietz Karl-Josef , Hell Rüdiger
Published: March 2015

In photosynthesizing chloroplasts, rapidly changing energy input, intermediate generation of strong reductants as well as oxidants and multiple participating physicochemical processes and pathways, call for efficient regulation. Coupling redox information to protein function via thiol modifications offers a powerful mechanism to activate, down-regulate and coordinate interdependent processes. Efficient thiol switching of target proteins involves the thiol-disulfide redox regulatory network, which is highly elaborated in chloroplasts. This review addresses the features of this network. Its conditional function depends on specificity of reduction and oxidation reactions and pathways, thiol redox buffering, but also formation of heterogeneous milieus by microdomains, metabolite gradients and macromolecular assemblies. One major player is glutathione. Its synthesis and function is under feedback redox control. The number of thiol-controlled processes and involved thiol switched proteins is steadily increasing, e.g., in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, plastid transcription and plastid translation. Thus chloroplasts utilize an intricate and versatile redox regulatory network for intraorganellar and retrograde communication.
Vergleich Und Bewertung Einiger Registertransfersprachen / Comparison And Evaluation Of Some Register Transfer Languages
Authors: Schmid D. , Schmitt T.
Published: March 2015

In der Arbeil werden die Registertransfersprachen CASSA NDRE, CDL. LDS und RTS einer vergleichenden Bewertung unterzogen. Die Bewertungskriterien berücksichtigen einerseits das Sprachkonzept und andererseits die Sprachrealisierung. Im einzelnen werden dabei verschiedene Punkte für eine Beurteilung verwertet, die sich für den praktischen Gebrauch der Sprachen als wichtig erwiesen haben. Die Vorzüge und Nachteile der einzelnen Sprachen werden abschließend in einer Einzelbeurteilung und einer zusammenfassenden Bewertung angegeben.
Zur Lastregelung in Betriebssystemen von Timesharing-Anlagen/ Load regulating in timesharing systems
Authors: Fricke H.-P.
Published: March 2015

Besonders bei Anlagen für kundenoffenen Betrieb (Open Session) mit ihren ausgeprägten Spitzenlastzeiten tritt häufig, auch bei ansonsten genügend großem Arbeitsspeicher (ASP), ein Speicherengpaß auf. Virtuelle Timesharing-Systeme besitzen hier einen ausgeprägten Kippunkt, auch Thrashing genannt. Dieser Mechanismus wurde untersucht. Durch den Einbau einer Lastregelung konnte eine deutliche Verbesserung von Durchsatz und Antwortzeit im Überlastfall erreicht werden.
Systemoptimierung (Tuning) des MVS-Betriebssystems/ Tuning the MVS operating system
Authors: Terplan Κ.
Published: March 2015

Erfahrungen zeigen, daß Systemresourcen durch die Betriebssysteme sehr intensiv beansprucht werden. Nach Darstellung der wichtigsten Merkmale des MVS-Betriebssystems werden verschiedene Überwachungsmöglichkeiten mit Hilfe der Anwendung von Hardware- und Softwaremeßmitteln gezeigt. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei den mit Hardwaremeßmitteln erzielten Ergebnissen geschenkt. Ein möglicher Tuningvorgang wird zum Schluß des Aufsatzes in Flußdiagrammform mit Hinweis auf die einsetzbaren Meßinstrumente diskutiert.
Precise Point Positioning using Multi-Constellation GNSS Observations for Kinematic Applications
Authors: Rabbou Mahmoud Abd , El-Rabbany Ahmed
Published: March 2015

Traditional precise point positioning (PPP) is commonly based on un-differenced ionosphere-free linear combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. Unfortunately, for kinematic applications, GPS often experiences poor satellite visibility or weak satellite geometry in urban areas. To overcome this limitation, we developed a PPP model, which combines the observations of three global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), namely GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. Both un-differenced and between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) ionosphere-free linear combinations of pseudorange and carrier phase GNSS measurements are processed. The performance of the combined GNSS PPP solution is compared with the GPS-only PPP solution using a real test scenario in downtown Kingston, Ontario. Inter-system biases between GPS and the other two systems are also studied and obtained as a byproduct of the PPP solution. It is shown that the addition of GLONASS observations improves the kinematic PPP solution accuracy in comparison with that of GPS-only solution. However, the contribution of adding Galileo observations is not significant due to the limited number of Galileo satellites launched up to date. In addition, BSSD solution is found to be superior to that of traditional un-differenced model.
Peepshows for All: Performing Words and the Travelling Showman
Authors: Plunkett John
Published: March 2015

The ‘peepshow’ was one of the commonest and cheapest forms of optical entertainment for most of the nineteenth century: however, it has received relatively little scholarly attention. This essay explores the heyday of the peepshow through a detailed exploration of its exhibition spaces, performance practices, and audience experiences, as well as its relationship with other popular forms such as theatre, lecturing, and illustrated journalism. In particular, the essay argues that the peepshow should not be seen as predominantly a ‘visual’ show, but, rather, that the oral performance of the peep showman was crucial to the appeal and organisation of the exhibition. The visual tableaux were subservient to his narrative, and the showman needs to be seen as part of the growth of illustrated lecturing during the period.