bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Use of the Principle of Least Action in Cosmology
Authors: Tamm Martin
Published: February 2025

In this article, it is argued that the solutions to some of the problems we face in cosmology may not require new physical theories as much as they require a time symmetric perspective. The Principle of Least Action is nowadays mostly used as a convenient tool for deriving the field equations. It is suggested that new insights could be obtained by restoring the original role of the Principle of Least Action as a (time symmetric) minimizing principle. A possible way to achieve this is to replace the Einstein-Hilbert Principle by another principle, which is closer to the idea of multiple histories, and use methods from statistical mechanics. As an example, the accelerating expansion is discussed. Although it is not the purpose here to discuss all possible explanations of this phenomenon, it is argued that the present framework of cosmology may force us to exclude certain types of explanations and hence limits our possibilities to find the right one. In particular, a simple model for the accelerating expansion, which cannot be treated as an initial value problem, is given. This model also has the property to explain why the rate of acceleration now seems to be decreasing with time.
Advances in Lymphatic Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Wölffer Marcus , Zubler Cédric
Published: February 2025

As an integral part of the TNM staging system, lymph node status represents a crucial prognostic factor in many malignancies. Consequently, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is part of the standard of care for several tumor entities. Technetium (Tc)-based lymphoscintigraphy currently serves as the gold standard to identify SLNs. However, disadvantages have led to the emergence of alternative modalities for lymphatic imaging and SLN identification. This chapter provides a full overview of the latest technical developments and imaging options available for this procedure across malignancies and analyzes the advantages as well as limitations of each method. One of the most used and successful alternative techniques is indocyanine green (ICG). Approaches such as SPECT-CT or hybrid approaches, combining ICG and Tc, serve as adjuncts or optimize individual techniques. More recently investigated techniques include carbon nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and multispectral optoacoustic tomographic imaging.
Cattle Instance Segmentation by Transfer Learning Approach Using Deep Learning Models for Sustainable Livestock Farming
Authors: Bello Rotimi-Williams , A. Owolawi Pius , A. van Wyk Etienne , Tu Chunling
Published: February 2025

Image segmentation of animal instances is among the applications of artificial intelligence that recently emerged for sustainable livestock farming. This approach to sustainable livestock farming has become a practical avenue which several precision livestock farming researchers are utilizing to achieve their aims. Artificial intelligence involves several complex tasks including video and image processing. Moreover, the large volume of data required to train deep learning models makes these tasks more complex. However, with the emerging technology of transfer learning, these challenges have been remarkably mitigated. In this study, a system suitable for sustainable livestock farming is proposed using techniques of transfer learning and deep learning models for animal detection and recognition in a farm environment. We evaluated the proposed transfer learning method of the Enhanced Mask R-Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) by comparing it to other two deep learning models, namely Mask R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, on the same dataset using evaluation metric. The Enhanced Mask R-CNN obtained promising results of 0.2 s (computing time) and 97% (mAP), higher than the results obtained by the other two deep learning models. The findings in this study reveal the capacity of transfer learning as an approach for addressing the challenges in segmenting cattle images needed to improve precision livestock farming for sustainable agriculture.
Neutropenia among Cancer Patients: Unravelling the Challenges and Complexities
Authors: Abdul Rasool Hassan Bassam , Haider Mohammed Ali
Published: February 2025

Neutropenia, a deficiency in neutrophils (vital immune system cells), significantly compromises the body’s ability to fight infections. In about 50% of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, especially in leukemia cases, neutropenia elevates the risk of severe, life-threatening infections due to inadequate neutrophil levels for combating pathogens. Prolonged or intense neutropenia episodes heighten infection susceptibility. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) can also cause lower chemotherapy doses and delays, which can make it harder to stick with treatment and could lower survival rates by making it harder to stick to chemotherapy schedules. CIN also adversely impacts the quality of life (QOL) and increases the risk of treatment failure. In addressing CIN, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has shown promising results in enhancing white blood cell counts as a supplementary treatment, outperforming conventional Western oral treatments in certain cases. However, managing neutropenia often involves an extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, raising concerns over the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria strains. This underscores the importance of integrating antimicrobial stewardship programs into treatment protocols for cancer patients with neutropenia. The chapter delves into these aspects, exploring prevention and treatment strategies for neutropenia, particularly focusing on the implications of CIN.
Implementasi Nilai Toleransi untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Anti Bulliying di Madin Baitul Ilmi Desa Tegalombo
Authors: Yulfatunaimah Evi , Prahastiwi Eka Danik
Published: February 2025

Bullying is a serious problem in formal and non-formal educational settings, often normalized despite its negative impacts on victims, such as mental, physical, and psychological distress. This study aims to reduce bullying behavior at Madin Baitul Ilmi Tegalombo by implementing tolerance values to foster mutual respect, dignity, and solidarity. The research employs a qualitative approach with four stages: initial observation, intervention, monitoring, and evaluation. Initial observations revealed that 95% of students engaged in verbal, physical, and social bullying, triggered by factors such as social media influence, family background, and environmental exposure. Interventions were implemented through three strategies: (1) teacher role modeling (uswah hasanah), (2) creating an inclusive classroom environment, and (3) providing positive reinforcement. Post-intervention evaluation showed a significant decline in bullying behavior to 30%, with detailed reductions: mocking (10%), belittling (7%), name-calling (3%), pushing (5%), and hitting (5%). The study concludes that integrating tolerance values rooted in Islamic principles effectively reduces bullying while shaping students’ empathetic, inclusive character and constructive conflict-resolution skills. Practical implications recommend adopting similar approaches in other educational institutions, supported by collaboration among schools, families, and communities to mitigate external factors that trigger bullying.
Classification of Gambling in Positive Law and Islamic Law: A Study of the Entertainment Elements of Claw Doll Games
Authors: Fitri Khatimul , Fauzi Muhammad , Mursal Mursal
Published: February 2025

The development of gambling presents complexities within both positive law and Islamic law. In Indonesian positive law, gambling is strictly regulated to protect society, whereas in Islamic law, gambling is deemed haram due to its moral and economic harm to individuals and society. This study examines the claw machine game, which is often considered entertainment but raises questions about its legal status as gambling. This research employs a normative legal method with a comparative analysis to contrast the perspectives of positive law and Islamic law regarding the claw machine game. The results show that, under positive law, there is a classification for determining gambling, and this game is considered entertainment. In contrast, Islamic law does not classify entertainment as a factor in evaluating this game, and it is considered a form of gambling.
[Perkembangan judi menghadapi kompleksitas dalam hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Dalam hukum positif Indonesia, perjudian diatur ketat untuk melindungi masyarakat, serta dalam hukum Islam, perjudian dianggap haram karena merugikan individu dan masyarakat secara moral dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini mengkaji permainan capit boneka, yang sering dianggap sebagai hiburan, namun dipertanyakan status hukumnya sebagai perjudian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan analisis komparatif untuk membandingkan perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam mengenai permainan capit boneka. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam hukum positif terdapat klasifikasi dalam menentkan perjudian dan permainan ini dianggap sebagai hiburan. Sedangkan hukum Islam tidak mengklasifikassikan hiburan dalam menilai permainan ini dan dianggap sebagai bentuk perjudian].
Dispensasi Nikah di Pengadilan Agama: Tinjauan Maqosid Syariah dan Pertimbangan Maslahah-Mafsadah
Authors: Sainul Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Changes to the marriage law regarding the age of marriage no. 1 of 1974 that the minimum age for men and women is 19 years and women are 16 years, so that men and women have a minimum age of marriage of 19 years, in article 7 paragraph 1 number 16 of 2019. However, there is a gap for underage children to be able to carry out marriages at the Religious Affairs Office through permission from the Religious Court, this is called a marriage dispensation. This article examines the urgent reasons for obtaining permission from the Religious Court for marriage dispensations and how Maqosid As-Syariah analyzes marriage dispensations. This paper uses qualitative methods of document study and in-depth descriptive-normative analysis. The research results show that there are several urgent reasons to obtain permission from the Religious Court, such as intimate relations, pre-pregnancy, mutual love and arranged marriage. The judge considers underage marriages which are prohibited in accordance with the applicable regulations according to the circumstances of the case, through maslahah and mafsadat, considering which is less detrimental.
[Perubahan undang-undang perkawinan mengenai usia pernikahan no 1 tahun 1974 bahwa pria 19 tahun dan wanita 16 tahun minimal, menjadi pria dan wanita minimal usia perkawinannya menjadi 19 tahun, pada pasal 7 ayat 1 nomor 16 tahun 2019. Meski demikian adanya celah untuk anak yang dibawah umur dapat melaksanakan pernikahan di Kantor Urusan Agama melalui izin Pengadilan Agama, hal tersebut dinamakan dispensasi nikah. Tulisan ini mengkaji apa alasan mendesak untuk mendapatkan izin Pengadilan Agama terhadap dispensasi nikah dan bagaimana analisis Maqosid As-Syariah dalam mengkaji dispensasi nikah. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi dokumen dan analisis deskriptif-normatif secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa alasan mendesak untuk mendapatkan izin di Pengadilan Agama seperti hubungan intim, hamil duluan, saling mencintai dan perjodohan. Hakim mempertimbangkan pernikahan dibawah umur yang dilarang sesuai aturan yang berlaku dengan keadaan kasus yang terjadi, melalui maslahah dan mafsadatnya yang mepertimbangkan mana yang lebih sedikit mudhoratnya].
The Shadows of Forced Displacement and Rays of Hopes: Livelihood Practices of Households at Koye Feche Resettlement Site, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors:   University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China., Kechem Feyissa Negashu
Published: February 2025

Forced displacement is one of the most devastating anxiety-causing social, economic, and political problems that needs more intervention based on rigorous investigations. Accordingly, this study was planned to describe the livelihood practice of households in post-forced displaced resettlement in Koye Feche resettlement site, Ethiopia. The study used mixed research design in which qualitative data supplemented to quantitative data. Accordingly, findings of the study revealed that even though the host community residence area, the Koye Feche, is located near the periphery of the capital city of Ethiopia, the Finfinnee, at Oromiya Regional State, their level of education and awareness about the opportunity around them and making better livelihood practices is very low as compared to forced displaced households. The majority of host community livelihood practices depend on farming activities, while all of the relocated households' livelihood practices depend on non-farming, different types of petty trade’s activities. The resettlement area, which was agricultural land before 2018, now became a village having accessibility to electricity, the main road, and better houses. Despite the settlers’ households’ current level of income being low as compared to the previous status, they have strong morale in getting two-bedroom houses at a good location near Finfinnee/Addis Ababa. The houses given to relocated households were not only used for a place to live, but also utilizing parts of their homes or surrounding spaces for business activities such as small-scale trade.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada RA SHOP
Authors: Tiara Fajar Abbellia , Putri Warganegara Tri Lestira , Permata Sari Wenny
Published: February 2025

Kinerja karyawan merupakan faktor krusial dalam keberhasilan organisasi. Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja menjadi dua aspek yang berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan produktivitas karyawan. Tujuan penelitian ini guna menginvestigasi apakah motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan pada RA SHOP. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 56 responden yang seluruhnya adalah karyawan RA SHOP. Metode kuantitatif digunakan pada penelitian ini. Dari penelitian, memakai dua tahap yang dilakukan yaitu observasi wawancara dengan departemen HRD dan tahap penyebaran kuisioner kepada karyawan RA SHOP.SPSS 25 digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa uji secara parsial motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan didapatkan pengaruh yang signifikan pada RA SHOP, lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh pengaruh yang signifikan pada RA SHOP, kemudian uji secara simultan motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh hasil yang signifikan pada RA SHOP. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan motivasi dan penciptaan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan secara signifikan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa manajemen RA SHOP perlu memberikan perhatian lebih terhadap strategi peningkatan motivasi, seperti insentif dan pengakuan kinerja, serta memastikan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman dan mendukung. Dengan demikian, perusahaan dapat mengoptimalkan produktivitas karyawan dan mencapai tujuan bisnisnya secara lebih efektif.
CRAIOVA ÎN PRIMELE LUNI DUPĂ SFÂRȘITUL PRIMULUI RĂZBOI MONDIAL
Authors:   Muzeul Olteniei Craiova, Ceacîru Cristian Iulian
Published: February 2025

Forced by the unfavourable military situation on all fronts, the German troops on the occupied Romanian territory began to withdraw during November 1918. In their wake they left all the localities in an extremely difficult situation from all points of view. Craiova was no exception to this state of affairs. The city administration had to deal with a series of problems, ranging from supplying the population with food and fuel to maintaining public order in a troubled social climate.
LES FONDEMENTS PHILOSOPHIQUES
DU DROIT A LA SANTE
Authors:   Université de Craiova, Faculté de droit, Dănișor Diana
Published: February 2025

This analysis of the philosophical foundations of the right to health explores the contributions of rationalist, modernist, and critical thinkers, as well as theorists of justice and rights. Rationalists such as Descartes, Locke, Rousseau, and Kant laid the groundwork for a scientific understanding of health. Critical philosophers like Bentham, Arendt, Foucault, Goffman, and Sontag highlighted inequalities and power dynamics in access to healthcare. Lastly, theorists of justice and rights, including Rawls, Agamben, Sen, Nussbaum, Pogge, Farmer, Daniels, and Singer, developed ethical and political perspectives on health equity. A comprehensive examination of these philosophical perspectives on the right to health reveals a consensus on the fundamental importance of this right for human dignity and collective well-being. The right to health is inseparable from human dignity and social justice. Discrimination and vulnerabilities based on socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, or other factors hinder access to healthcare and exacerbate health inequalities. To ensure equitable access to healthcare, it is imperative to recognize and address systemic discriminations and vulnerabilities that compromise the health and well-being of individuals and communities. Guaranteeing the right to health for all requires a firm commitment to equality, justice, and respect for human rights. It is a collective endeavor that requires the collaboration of all members of society, from governments to civil society organizations, healthcare professionals, and individuals themselves. By working together, we can build a future where health is truly a universal right, accessible to all without discrimination or exclusion.
Shilpkar (Dalit): In Search of Identity
Authors: Kumar Sandeep
Published: February 2025

"Primordial or Native inhabitants" refers to the original or indigenous people who lived in a particular land or area before the arrival of any outside group, such as colonists, outside invaders, or immigrants. The way of life of these natives was often traditional and simple, and their culture, customs, and technology were suited to their local climate and environment. The term "native" does not necessarily imply a negative connotation; rather, it suggests a more ancient, primal, or unsophisticated way of life. Aboriginal groups were the first human inhabitants of a particular area and often have a deep connection to the land, culture, and traditions. The history of Uttarakhand is diverse, multi-dimensional, and uniquely complex in itself, showcasing a trend of ethnic homogeneity among various ethnic groups. In ancient Uttarakhand, different cultural groups based on tribal, pastoral, and agricultural societies were identified geographically and linguistically. Some of these still retain their traditional forms today. This study explores the primitive inhabitants of Uttarakhand, Shilpkar (Dalit communitey of Uttarakhand), and their ancient status. The Himalayan region between Uttarakhand and Himachal was historically inhabited by various ethnic groups and tribes, a process that continued for a long time. The ancient inhabitants here include the Kol, Kirat, Tanang, Khas, Shak, Nag, Kunind, and Yaudhaya.
Global Temperature Prediction by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Rakotoarimanana Rija Santaniaina , Ramahefy Tiana Razefania , Randriamaroson Rivo Mahandrisoa , Rastefano Elisée
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the use of convolutional neural networks or CNNs for temperature prediction, based on annual climate data from 1880 to 2023, collected by NASA to track global temperature trends. The CNN model is based on convolutional, pooling and fully connected layers. The performance of the CNN model is evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error or MAE, the Root Mean Square Error or RMSE and the Coefficient of determination or R² on the training and validation sets. In the training set, MAE indicates that the model predicts on average with a deviation of 0.0836 from the true values. The RMSE result is slightly higher than MAE. R² shows that 92.92% of the variance in the training data is explained by the model. In validation, MAE is slightly higher than in training. RMSE is also slightly higher than in training, but remains relatively low. R² on the validation set is slightly lower than that of training. In this study, the model used provides reliable predictions with small deviations between observed and predicted data. Despite the good accuracy, there is still room for improvement, including the use of additional data and the integration of more advanced learning models.
Quality Management on Construction Projects in Uganda: The Impact of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2018 on FIDIC and PPDA Forms of Contract
Authors: Gavamukulya Charles
Published: February 2025

This paper examines quality management in construction projects in Uganda, focusing on the impact of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act, 2018 on FIDIC and PPDA contracts. It explores the standards of workmanship, material quality, and design liability, emphasising how statutory and contractual provisions shape these obligations. The study highlights the distinction between "reasonable skill and care" for designers and "fitness for purpose" for design-build contractors, illustrating how these standards influence project execution. Additionally, it analyses the legal implications of the 2018 Act, which enforces obligations regarding material quality and workmanship, particularly in PPDA contracts. By comparing FIDIC and PPDA frameworks, the paper demonstrates how contractual and statutory mechanisms ensure quality compliance in Uganda’s construction industry. The findings emphasise the importance of aligning contract terms with legal requirements to enhance accountability and project reliability.
Diabetes Risk Assessment of Undergraduate Clinical Students of a Medical School in the Southeast Region of Nigeria. The Preliminary Results
Authors: Nkpozi M.O. , Onwuchekwa U.N. , Ubani Ukoma B.C. , Okezie F.C. , Madu G.O. , Ohanusi P.O. , Barrah J.E.
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is increasing in prevalence in the sub-Saharan Africa region. Many individuals still remain undiagnosed in our setting despite the risk factors being well documented. Published literature on the risk of diabetes mellitus in a cohort of young clinical students in the southeast region of Nigeria is scanty. This study, therefore, set out to bridge this gap in knowledge.Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study in which data about risk of developing diabetes mellitus over the next 10 years was assessed in fifth year medical students of Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba using the well validated FINDRISC questionnaire tool from August 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024. Relevant data which included the parameters of the FINDRISC score tool obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software.Results: A total of 220 clinical students participated in the study, made up of 116 (52.7%) male students and 104 (47.3%) female students. About 104 (47.3%) of the students were overweight/obese. Differences in the body mass indices (BMI) of the male and female students was not statistically significant. The highest diabetes risk score of the students was within 11-16 which was not up to 17-20 at which the participants had the least risk of having DM over the next 10 years.Conclusion: The 10-year risk of suffering DM by the clinical students was not significant but a considerable number of them were overweight/obese. It is recommended that these students exercise regularly to prevent the resultant overweight/obesity and thus prevent type 2 DM in the future.
Study of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Tissues as an Indicator of Sustainable Development in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Kadhim Ban Salman , Ali Abeer Salim , Ahmed Adnan Jawad
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted to determine the extent of heavy metal accumulation in aquatic organisms important for consumption and to assess the reflection of the aquatic environment in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Samples were taken from three locations: the first from the river, the second from floating cages, and the third from earthen ponds, as these two systems are the most widespread for fish farming in Iraq. 
The results showed that the gill tissues were the most affected by the environment due to their direct contact with the aquatic surroundings. It was observed that the accumulation rates of these elements in fish muscle tissues were the lowest compared to liver and gill tissues. All concentrations were within the permissible limits for human consumption. The results can help predict the state of the aquatic environment in Iraq and work towards the sustainable development of water and animal resources.
rOpenSci News Digest, May 2024
Authors:   The rOpenSci Team
Published: February 2025

Dear rOpenSci friends, it’s time for our monthly news roundup! You can read this post on our blog.Now let’s dive into the activity at and around rOpenSci!rOpenSci HQ rOpenSci in the Research Organization Registry rOpenSci was added to the Research Organization Registry (ROR) in its latest release. The ROR is a global, community-led registry of open persistent identifiers for research organizations.
Les hautes tensions. Un allié puissant pour la santé et la sécurité
Authors: Pecastaing Laurent , Besombes Julie , Baert Simon , Mayen Cédric , Wouzit
Published: February 2025

Laurent Pécastaing, professeur au laboratoire SIAME (sciences pour l’ingénieur appliquées à la mécanique et au génie électrique) de l’UPPA travaille depuis de nombreuses années avec son équipe sur les procédés haute tension. Les applications sont nombreuses et convaincantes : électrochimiothérapie, générateurs compacts de haute tension et bien plus encore !
UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLISM AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: A STRATEGY FOR TEACHING READING
Authors: Marabyan Luiza
Published: February 2025

This article presents a comprehensive approach for teaching university students to understand and analyze symbolism and figurative language in literature with an emphasis on improving reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. It focuses on identifying repetition, context and the inclusion of figurative language, such as metaphors and similes to reveal deeper messages in texts. Symbolism implies that students interact with both the explicit and implicit aspects of a text, which can lead to diverse interpretations and a deeper comprehension. It aims to improve students’ reading comprehension by urging them to identify symbols in relation to their broader contexts, analyze patterns of repetition and consider the importance of figurative speech. The method integrates theoretical insights with practical, hands-on activities enabling students to actively interact with literary works and cultivate the skills necessary for confidently analyzing symbolism. By engaging in practical exercises and studying examples, students are motivated to actively delve into the different levels of symbolism enhancing their understanding of literary analysis and refining their interpretive skills.
SYNTHESIS OF POLYALPHAOLEFIN BASE OILS USING THE FISCHER-TROPSCH METHOD. PART 1. OLIGOMERIZATION BY A RADICAL MECHANISM OF A SYNTHETIC GASOLINE FRACTION ENRICHED IN ALKENES
Authors: Kataria Yash V. , Kashparova Vera P. , Klushin Victor A. , Zubkova Maria A. , Yakovenko Roman E. , Zubkov Ivan N.
Published: February 2025

In the present work, we have investigated the oligomerization process of synthetic gasoline fraction, enriched with α- as well as β- and γ-olefins, which are formed in significant quantities during the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, to obtain base oils using azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator for the oligomerization process. The synthetic gasoline fractions were obtained on a bifunctional cobalt catalyst with various H2/CO ratios at the reactor inlet (1.85 and 1.70) and a pressure of 2.0 MPa, a temperature of 250 °C, gas space velocity of 1000 h-1 and a circulation range of 0-16. It was determined that at a temperature of 200 °C, with the initiator content of 0.5 wt. % and the reaction duration of 12 h, the yield of the oligomerization product is ~ 25%. The content of branched C19+ hydrocarbons in the obtained products is ~ 70 wt. %. The ratio of isomeric hydrocarbons to normal hydrocarbons in the oligomerization products of samples G-01M and G-02M is 1.2 and 2.7, respectively. A comparison has also been made between the properties (kinematic viscosity, pour point, density) of polyalphaolefin oils obtained from the synthetic hydrocarbon fractions and commercially available PAO-2 oils produced in the Russian Federation by Tatneft-Nizhnekamskneftekhim-Oil JSC and TAIF lubricants. It was found that sample G-02M has a kinematic viscosity at a temperature of 100 °C equal to 1.6 cSt and a pour point of minus 50 °C, which is close to the values of kinematic viscosity (1.7 cSt) and pour point (minus 60 °C) of commercial PAO-2, produced from α-olefins, usually obtained by oligomerization of ethylene.
For citation:
Kataria Y.V., Kashparova V.P., Klushin V.A., Zubkova M.A., Yakovenko R.E., Zubkov I.N. Synthesis of polyalphaolefin base oils using the fischer-tropsch method. Part 1. Oligomerization by a radical mechanism of a synthetic gasoline fraction enriched in alkenes. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 4. P. 73-82. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256804.7084.
DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM RESINS TECHNOLOGY PRODUCING FROM THE C9 FRACTION WITH DOSING OF A CATALYST AND CYCLOPENTADIENE
Authors: Bondaletov Vladimir G. , Manankova Anna A. , Bondaletova Liudmila I. , Ogorodnikov Vladimir D.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of studying the processes of obtaining hydrocarbon resins based on light naphtha (straight-run gasoline) pyrolysis products with boiling temperature of 130-210 °C. Catalytic polymerization of these fractions is a promising industrial direction due to more complete use of monomers, provided that the problems of catalyst deactivation are solved. These problems are partially solved by using homogeneous catalysts and applying deactivation methods that do not involve removing the catalyst deactivation products from the polymer. The results of polymerization of the above-mentioned fraction of liquid pyrolysis products in the presence of a catalytic system based on titanium tetrachloride and an equimolar amount of diethylaluminum chloride, as well as an additional active monomer - cyclopentadiene, at a temperature of 20 °C were considered. The work used dosing methods for both the catalyst and the active monomer. It is shown that gradual dosed addition of reagents makes it possible to carry out the process at lower temperatures compared to initiated or thermal polymerization processes, stabilize the reaction rate at the first stage and achieve higher conversion of resin-forming components. 1H NMR-spectra of resins indicate fragmentary similarity of the obtained resins to polymers based on the C5 - C9 fraction. The obtained resins have high softening temperatures and unsaturation. The combination of this option with complete deactivation of the components of the catalytic complex during technical implementation seems preferable to high-temperature technologies. This development can be implemented in the creation of industrial technologies for the production of petroleum polymer resins based on standard tank equipment, as well as in the development of a continuous production scheme.
For citation:
Bondaletov V.G., Manankova A.A., Bondaletova L.I., Ogorodnikov V.D. Development of petroleum resins technology producing from the C9 fraction with dosing of a catalyst and cyclopentadiene. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 4. P. 83-90. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256804.7150.
Upaya Pencegahan Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Melalui Edukasi dan Pemberian Biskuit Ibu Hamil di Desa Bangun Rejo Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2025
Authors: Ariska Fauzianty  , Friza Novita Sari Situmorang  , Damayanti Damayanti  , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa  , Nova Isabella Mariance Br Napitupulu  , Humaida Hanim  , Plora Novita Febrina Sinaga  , Yasrida Nadeak  , Polmaria Panjaitan  , Hadisyah Hadisyah
Published: February 2025

Globally, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in 2019 was 35.6%. The prevalence of anemia in developing countries is relatively high, such as Southeast Asia at 47.8%, compared to developed countries such as America at 18.9%. Efforts that can be made to prevent anemia include education, giving pregnant women biscuits and giving Fe tablets. This activity was carried out at the Bangun Rejo Village Health Center, Dusun VII, Tanjung Morawa District. The method used in this service is to provide education directly to pregnant women at the Bangun Rejo Village Health Center. The results of this activity were carried out in stages starting from preparation to evaluation. After implementing health education, giving pregnant women biscuits and giving Fe tablets, there was an increase in knowledge and consumption of Fe. Therefore, with this community service project, it is hoped that all pregnant women can increase awareness and Fulfill nutrition and balanced nutrition, regularly consume Fe tablets.
Conflitos e resistência através do uso da terra no território Quilombola do Jambuaçu, estado do Pará
Authors: Carneiro Miranda Izabely , Nunes Araújo Alan , Bastos Santos Luiz Carlos , Campos Paraense Vinícius , Herrera José Antônio , Campos de Miranda Henrique , Dos Santos Lira Andréia , Do Socorro Ramos Pinto Sandolene , Souza dos Santos Saymon , Caldas Gonçalves Maelí , Rafaela do Nascimento de Souza Rafaela do Nascimento de Souza , Doce Dias de Freitas Alessandra , Kluck da Silva Lubyanka , De Mesquita Amanda Maria , Júnior Clemente Gama Fábio
Published: February 2025

Quilombo é um termo de grande relevância e representatividade histórica, por simbolizar a conquista territorial dos povos escravizados. Foram muitos anos de lutas para que, na Constituição Federal de 1988, fosse garantido o direito a consolidação legal do território Quilombola. O objetivo em pesquisa foi compreender os desafios e potencialidades na territorialização, social e política, através do uso da terra e da identidade no território Quilombola do Jambuaçu, estado Pará. Neste sentido foram realizadas visitas de campo e entrevistas, com a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados aos Quilombolas e, posterior, inserção das perguntas e respostas no Google Formulários, para tratamento final e tabulação automática dos dados, representados através de gráficos. Conclui-se que existe uma forte relação entre o uso da terra, a identidade e o território Quilombola, que se encontra submetida a nímios de tensões em consequência das interferências externas no território Quilombola do Jambuaçu, ora pelo mineroduto, ora pelo monocultivo do dendê, atividades que aceleram o processo de homogeneização da cultura e dos modos de vida das populações tradicionais.
THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION FOR PREVENTING OF FRACTURES A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Putra Cokorda Gde Bagus , Azri Imam Baharsyah
Published: February 2025

Background: The interplay between supplementation and other treatments adds complexity to the role of calcium and vitamin D in fracture prevention. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin D and calcium supplementation for fracture prevention based on literatures of the last decade. Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2014 to 2024. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis. Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation effectively reduce fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women and older adults. Adequate intake improves bone mineral density and enhances bone strength, providing significant protection against fractures, especially in those with deficiency.
Dynamic Correlation between the RMB Exchange Rate and China's Import and Export Trade before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cui Yao
Published: February 2025

This research employs data on the real effective exchange rate of the Renminbi, alongside aggregate import and export statistics, to construct a vector autoregression model. The objective of this investigation is to look into the dynamic interplay between the CNY currency rate and trade flows amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The research reveals a persistent equilibrium connection between the REER, import volumes, and export volumes. Moreover, import trade is subject to Granger causality influence from changes in the real exchange rate of the RMB, suggesting that this exchange rate significantly affects fluctuations in total imports. Further analysis reveals that the impact of imports and exports on fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate is relatively minor. However, the impact of the Renminbi exchange rate on trade flows is increasingly considerable and becomes more clearly observable over an extended period.
THE MODERATE PERSPECTIVE OF YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI ON CAREER WOMEN
Authors: Zunita Hidayatul Chusna  , ITA  MA'RIFATUL FAUZIYAH  , Sandi Yoga Pradana  , Intan Amalia Humala Ababil  , Mu'izah Magfiroh
Published: February 2025

Women and their role in society has been a long and often controversial topic of discussion in Islamic history. On the one hand, some scholars interpret the role of women as limited to housewives and taking care of the family. But on the other hand, there are scholars who provide more open space for women to have a career outside the home. One of the leading figures who has a moderate view on this issue is Yusuf Al-Qardhawi. This paper examines his moderate views by exploring his thoughts on career women while still considering the rules of sharia and the social realities of modern society. He is one of the leading contemporary scholars on career women. Using the literature review method of Al-Qardhawi's works, this research presents the key points of his views. Al-Qardhawi views that women have the right to work and have a career outside the home, as long as the work is in accordance with women's nature and does not violate the boundaries of Islamic law. He emphasizes the need for balance between a woman's role as a housewife and career. Women should prioritize their primary obligations of taking care of the household and educating children before choosing a career. If women are forced to work due to economic factors or the absence of other breadwinners in the family, then women are allowed to have a career while still observing the Shari'ah rules in interacting with the opposite sex and maintaining their honor.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS AS CONSTRUCTIVE MEDIA IN CHARACTER LEARNING IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mala Tafika  , Anam Nurul
Published: February 2025

Teachers as a constructive medium in forming student character. The teacher becomes an intermediary or medium that makes students understand knowledge about character and behave with character. This research aims to describe and analyze the contribution of teachers as a medium for character learning at MTs Misbahul Ulum Jelbuk Jember. In this research, the research method uses qualitative methods. The results of the research show that: 1) teachers are a medium of knowledge that makes students understand knowledge about character in Islamic religious education subjects. The teacher delivers the material by explaining the material in as much detail as possible so that it can be understood and comprehended by the students themselves, which of course still refers to the learning methods that have been determined; 2) the teacher as a motivational medium that motivates students to have characterful behavior by the teacher telling stories with character from the companions of the Prophet SAW. etc; 3) the teacher as a role model who makes students always imitate the teacher's character, such as behaving honestly, being kind and so on.
WOMEN'S CREATIVITY IN DA'WAH: CREATING SPACE FOR INCLUSIVE PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP (CASE STUDY OF MAJLIS TA'LIM AL-MUBAROKAH, KARANG SARI VILLAGE, SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE)
Authors: Alvin Dian Pramuja
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore and analyze how strengthening the role of women in Da'wah management can create an inclusive space for participation and leadership in Majlis Ta'lim Al-Mubarokah located in Karang Sari Village, South Kalimantan Province. This research approach uses a qualitative approach with a case study type of research. This research involved 5 (Five) elements of participants ranging from religious leaders, community leaders, majlis administrators, majlis members, and the surrounding community who understand the strategy and impact of Majlis Ta'lim Al-mubarokah. The results showed that Majlis Ta'lim Al-mubarokah's strategy is not only a solution in strengthening women's religion but can make a community a place to spread Islam. With the programs carried out by Majlis Ta'lim Al-mubarokah, it is hoped that women in Karang Sari Village will achieve positive changes that are better in terms of their religion.
Functional Outcome of Surgical Management of Metacarpal Fracture in Adults
Authors: Barua Shaon , Rahman Chowdhury Md. Mizanur , Mustafa Mamun , Prasad Dey Raju , Kawser Mahmood Sheikh , Protim Chakrobartty Partho
Published: February 2025

Objective
The aim of the present study was to assess the functional outcome of surgical management of metacarpal fracture in adults.
Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020 among 29 metacarpal bone fracture patients attending at orthopedic surgery department, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong after obtaining requisite consent from the patient. Data were collected through the assessment and X-ray report of patients in the orthopedic surgery Department.
The collected data were entered into the computer and analyzed by using SPSS (version 20.1) to assess the functional outcome of surgical management of metacarpal fracture in adults.
Results
Most of the study population (89.7%) was in 18-40 years of age group. The mean age of the patients was 33.14 ± 11.895 years (range: 18-70 years). In case of method of fixation, maximum (65.5%) patient’s fixations were done by mini plate, 31% were by K-wire and 3.4% were by both K-wire & lag screw. Out of 29 patients, 14 (48.3%) patients needed 6 weeks for radiological union and 03 (10.3%) patient needed 8 weeks. At 6th week follow-up, 16 (55.2%) patients had good and 13 (44.8%) patients had fair outcome, at 12th week follow-up, 16 (59.3%) patients had excellent outcome and at 24th week final follow-up, excellent outcome was in 25 (92.6%) patients.
Conclusion
Surgical stabilization of metacarpal fractures of the hand seems to give good functional outcome.
Pemodelan Spasial: Analisis Pengaruh Indikator Sosio-Ekonomi terhadap Pesebaran Industri Kecil dan Mikro di Indonesia
Authors: Harits Jiyaad Muhamad , Argyanti Talitha , Sianipar Alexcandro Hibertus
Published: February 2025

This study examines the influence of socio-economic indicators on the distribution of small and micro industries (SMI) in Indonesia using spatial modelling. The research employs a Bayesian approach with the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) method to analyse spatial dependencies and heterogeneity across regions. Data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), focusing on variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, Human Development Index (HDI), and poverty rate. The results indicate that HDI has a significant positive impact on the distribution of SMI, suggesting that improvements in education, health, and living standards foster the growth of small and micro enterprises. Spatial analysis reveals regional variations in SMI potential, with Yogyakarta, Gorontalo, and Maluku showing the highest relative potential. Conversely, regions like Papua and West Papua face significant challenges due to infrastructure and socio-economic limitations. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to design targeted interventions to support SMI development in different regions.
Acceso al tamizaje metabólico neonatal en áreas rurales de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas-Alluriquín, Ecuador [Access to neonatal metabolic screening in rural areas of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas-Alluriquín, Ecuador]
Authors: Moncayo-Solórzano David Armando , Mogro-Zambrano Antonio José , Castillo-Aveiga Kayke Jeampool , Guida-Acevedo Guido Nino
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: analizar el acceso al tamizaje metabólico neonatal en áreas rurales de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Método: descriptivo observacional en 51 recién nacidos que se sometieron al tamizaje metabólico neonatal en el año 2023. Resultados: Las limitaciones económicas, señaladas por el 21.7% de las familias, evidencian la necesidad de implementar medidas específicas que garanticen un acceso equitativo al tamizaje metabólico neonatal. De igual manera, el acceso restringido a servicios médicos en áreas rurales (52.2%) y las barreras geográficas y de transporte (56.5%) indican la importancia de fortalecer la infraestructura sanitaria y mejorar la accesibilidad. Conclusión: El acceso al tamizaje metabólico neonatal en áreas rurales como Alluriquín, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, se ve limitado por barreras económicas, geográficas, culturales y de comunicación, lo que compromete la cobertura y efectividad de este servicio esencial.
Enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria. Caso clínico [Inflammatory pelvic disease. Clinical case]
Authors: Troya-Altamirano Carlos Alejandro , Erazo-Choez Dayana Lisseth , Fontal-Vera Rosa Guadalupe , Tenenuela-Villacis Lizbeth Nicole
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: estudiar la enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria desde un caso clínico. Método: caso clínico. Resultados y Conclusión: El caso clínico presentado corresponde a una paciente de 24 años con un cuadro clínico característico de enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria (EPI), manifestado por dolor pélvico de tipo cólico de intensidad 8/10, leucorrea maloliente, fiebre, disuria, tenesmo vesical y prurito, con exacerbación de los síntomas en la última semana. Al examen físico, se evidenció dolor a la palpación en hipogastrio y fosa iliaca izquierda, signo de Blumberg positivo, dolor a la movilización cervical y abombamiento en el fondo de saco de Douglas. Los estudios complementarios mostraron leucocitosis (15,500 células/μL), elevación de la proteína C reactiva (50 mg/L) y líquido libre en el fondo de saco de Douglas en la ecografía.