bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização morfológica e frequência dos estádios do ciclo do epitélio seminífero em preás (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) criados em cativeiro
Authors: Santos Paulo R.S , Carrara Tássia V.B , Silva Luana Célia S , Silva Alexandre R , Oliveira Moacir F , Assis Neto Antônio C.
Published: February 2012

Estudos baseados nas características testiculares estão altamente relacionados com a eficiência reprodutiva de varias espécies. Assim, o projeto desenvolvido teve como objetivo identificar as células do epitélio seminífero, caracterizar histologicamente suas associações, que formam os estádios, e determinar a frequência destes. Os fragmentos de testículos, com 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150 dias foram coletados no Centro de Multiplicação da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Mossoró/ RN. Passando pelos processos de fixação, lavagens em soluções de concentrações crescentes de álcoois (70-100%), desidratação em xilol, inclusão em Histosec®, preparação das lâminas histológicas, colorações em Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e suas fotomicrografias para a caracterização dos núcleos celulares do epitélio germinativo e a definição dos oitos estágios do ciclo do epitélio seminífero (CES) baseados no Método da Morfologia Tubular. Das faixas etárias analisadas todos os animais de 90-150 dias de idade apresentaram todos os estádios do CES. Os estádios I e III foram os que apresentaram maior e menor freqüência, respectivamente. Os animais caracterizados como pré-púberes (30 dias), púberes (45-90 dias de idade) e pós-púberes (105150 dias de idade) apresentaram os estádios I, VIII e IV com uma maior freqüência, respectivamente.
Preparação de nanopartículas poliméricas a partir da polimerização de monômeros: parte I
Authors: Souto Eliana B. , Severino Patrícia , Santana Maria Helena A.
Published: February 2012

Nanopartículas poliméricas produzidas a partir de polímeros sintéticos, como copolímeros do ácido metacrílico, ésteres acrílicos ou metacrílicos, têm sido amplamente utilizadas na área farmacêutica para encapsulação de princípios ativos. Essas nanopartículas apresentam as vantagens de proteção, liberação controlada, melhor biodisponibilidade e menor toxicidade, proporcionando maior conforto aos pacientes e adesão ao tratamento. A produção das nanopartículas (nanocápsulas e nanosferas) por polimerização de monômeros é revisada e descrita neste artigo, evidenciando os parâmetros tecnológicos que interferem nas características físico-químicas das nanopartículas, como a solubilidade do princípio ativo, o volume e pH do meio de polimerização, a massa molar e concentração do monômero e a natureza e concentração do tensoativo.
Is the Mantel correlogram powerful enough to be useful in ecological analysis? A simulation study
Authors: Borcard Daniel , Legendre Pierre
Published: February 2012

The Mantel correlogram is an elegant way to compute a correlogram for multivariate data. However, recent papers raised concerns about the power of the Mantel test itself. Hence the question: Is the Mantel correlogram powerful enough to be useful? To explore this issue, we compared the performances of the Mantel correlogram to those of other methods, using numerical simulations based on random, normally distributed data. For a single response variable, we compared it to the Moran and Geary correlograms. Type I error rates of the three methods were correct. Power of the Mantel correlogram was nearly as high as that of the univariate methods. For the multivariate case, the test of the multivariate variogram developed in the context of multiscale ordination is in fact a Mantel test, so that the power of the two methods is the same by definition. We devised an alternative permutation test based on the variance, which yielded similar results. Overall, the power of the Mantel test was high, the method successfully detecting spatial correlation at rates similar to the permutation test of the variance statistic in multivariate variograms. We conclude that the Mantel correlogram deserves its place in the ecologist's toolbox.
Anion exchange chromatographic distribution of human monoclonal immunoglobulin G is determined by heavy chain subclass and level of sialic acid expression
Authors: Ilic Vesna , Mojsilovic Sonja , Markovic Dragana , Maslovaric Irina , Milosevic-Jovcic Nadezda
Published: February 2012

Anion exchange chromatography is widely accepted method for purification of
immunoglobulins. In this work, we used human monoclonal immunoglobulin G
(IgG) with structure and solubility of normal human IgG as a model for
studying chromatographic behavior of particular molecular forms of IgG. Human
sera with monoclonal IgG were fractionated on strong anion exchanger, Q
Sepharose Fast Flow. With 20 mM Tris pH 7.5 as a start buffer, 42% of human
monoclonal IgG passed through column, and 58% of them remained adsorbed.
Bound monoclonal IgG were eluted from the exchanger by linear increasing of
concentration of NaCl from 0 to 0.5 M. Chromatographic distribution of human
monoclonal IgG correlated with their electrophoretic mobility in agarose
gels, and it was dependent on ? heavy chain isotype. Light chain type, as
well as serum concentration of monoclonal IgG did not influence their
chromatographic behavior. The level of heavy chain sialic acid expression,
but not of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine, significantly determined
chromatographic distribution of serum monoclonal IgG. Additionally to the
information on the chromatographic behavior of human monoclonal IgG, we
believe that presented data could provide useful information about the
possible use of Q Sepharose Fast Flow matrix for the isolation of specific
molecular forms of human IgG.
Povelja ruskog patrijarha Nikona u arhivu Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti
Authors: Jelesijevic Snezana
Published: February 2012

nema
Srpska knjizevnost u nemackim knjizevnim leksikonima
Authors: Djukanovic Jovan
Published: February 2012

nema
Analytical methods for the determination of common booster biocides in marine samples
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Álvaro , Sosa-Ferrera Zoraida , Santana-Rodríguez José
Published: February 2012

Booster biocides are organic compounds that are added to antifouling copper-based paints to improve their efficacy. Due to their widespread use, they are common pollutants of marine ecosystems. Some of these compounds show acute and chronic toxic effects in non-targeted organisms at concentrations as low as ng L−1. The determination of these compounds is therefore important, and for some, which are prioritized in the EU water framework directive, a necessity. Because of their low concentrations and the matrix effect, these contaminants often require a suitable sample preparation step (extraction/pre-concentration) prior to chromatographic determination. The aim of the present article is to review extraction and chromatographic methodologies related to the determination of common booster biocides in marine samples published in the scientific literature. These methodologies include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), single drop microextraction (SDME), Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) as extraction methods, and both gas and liquid chromatography as determination techniques.
Design and Pilot Study of a Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe
Authors: Handzic Ismet , Barno Eileen M. , Vasudevan Erin V. , Reed Kyle B.
Published: February 2012

Hemiparesis is a frequent and disabling consequence of stroke and can lead to asymmetric and ineffcient walking patterns. Training on a split-belt treadmill, which has two separate treads driving each leg at a different speed, can correct such asymmetries post-stroke. However, the effects of split-belt treadmill training only partially transfer to everyday walking over ground and extended training sessions are required to achieve long-lasting effects. Our aim is to develop an alternative device, the Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (GEMS), that mimics the actions of the split-belt treadmill, but can be used during over-ground walking and in one’s own home, thus enabling long-term training. The GEMS does not require any external power and is completely passive; all necessary forces are redirected from the natural forces present during walking. Three healthy subjects walked on the shoes for twenty minutes during which one GEMS generated a backward motion and the other GEMS generated a forward motion. Our preliminary experiments suggest that wearing the GEMS did cause subjects to modify coordination between the legs and these changes persisted when subjects returned to normal over-ground walking. The largest effects were observed in measures of temporal coordination (e.g., duration of double-support). These results suggest that the GEMS is capable of altering overground walking coordination in healthy controls and could potentially be used to correct gait asymmetries post-stroke.
Characteristics of grasslands in the Polish Sudetes in view of fodder production potential and grassland protection
Authors: Nadolna Longina , Żyszkowska Marta
Published: February 2012

Characteristics of grasslands in the Polish Sudetes in view of fodder production potential and grassland protection

Mountain region of the Sudetes has a productive potential that allows for obtaining high quality fodder from grasslands. The potential is facilitated by the fact that 94% of grassland area is situated below the elevation of 700 m a.s.l. and 75% of them on slopes inclined less 9°. Meadows and pastures of the highest economic importance cover an area larger than 50 000 ha, most of them situated in the Kłodzko district. The analysis of ruminant and horse stock in 2008 revealed that the possibilities of fodder production largely exceeded the demands. Productive use of meadows and pastures loses importance, particularly in the Jelenia Góra district, despite financial support within the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.
Permanent turf grass as the factor alleviating water erosion in the Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Twardy Stanisław , Kuźniar Antoni
Published: February 2012

Permanent turf grass as the factor alleviating water erosion in the Carpathian Mountains

Soil erosion by water is an important economical issue, because it strongly degrades the environment. This phenomenon occurs in the Carpathian mountain areas, and it is caused largely by inappropriate land use. And in the last quarter of the century, in whole region significant structural changes took place - an increase of grassland areas. Research was made in the period of 2008-2010 in the Biała Woda catchment area (10.91 km2) - the Carpathian Mts. The study area under discussion is characterised by low share of arable lands and by high contribution of the permanent grasslands. In this paper the mass of eroded materials was determined by applying of the universal soil losses equation - USLE (Wischeier and Smith, 1978), using main factors, which have the impact on shaping the catchment area e.g. geological structure, terrain relief, the soil, climate, particularly precipitation, land use and slopes. Main attention was focused on agricultural land use (grasslands), hydrographical and road network. Sometimes the field roads becomes streams (gullies, which create favourable conditions for linear erosion e.g. for transporting eroded material during, heavy rainfall. Therefore, structural- spatial changes which now are taking place sometimes intensify the erosion process.
Managing IT Services: Aligning Best Practice with a Quality Method
Authors: Kastelic Miha , Peer Peter
Published: February 2012

Managing IT Services: Aligning Best Practice with a Quality Method

Managing information technology services is becoming an increasingly difficult task. To support the management of IT services, different standards and methodologies have been developed. ITIL (short for IT Infrastructure Library) is the most commonly used best practice approach to effective IT Service Management to date. ITIL focuses primarily on what to do in order to ensure value of IT services, but it does not explain how to achieve this effectively. This shortcoming can be overcome by complementing the framework with other quality approaches to service management. In this context several methodologies are mentioned including the use of Six Sigma (6s) methodology. The statistical nature of the Six Sigma methodology enables us to analyze the vast amount of data gathered from the field of IT. Only after these value-based metrics are obtained can the overall health of the IT service be determined and the necessary improvement measures made. The aim of this paper is to analyze in detail the two approaches. We will establish a common link between them, with it the opportunity to complement ITIL with the Six Sigma methodology, and consequently set foundations for introduction of necessary measurable changes.
Concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, copper, zinc and iron in plasma of young subjects differing in their engagement in motor activities
Authors: Malara Marzena , Hübner-Woźniak Elżbieta , Kurczyńska Anna
Published: February 2012

Concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, copper, zinc and iron in plasma of young subjects differing in their engagement in motor activities

Study aim: To assess possible effects of gender and of the level of motor activity on the deficiencies of selected vitamins and minerals in young subjects.

Material and methods: Four groups of physical education (PE) students (n = 15 each) were studied: sedentary men (SM) and women (SF), and physically active men (AM) and women (AF) engaged in endurance sports, all aged 18 - 24 years, were studied. Somatic measurements included body height and mass, and body fat content (by Durnin's method, from 4 skinfolds), the biochemical ones included concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, copper, zinc and iron in plasma.

Results: Men had significantly higher retinol (p<0.05) and iron (p<0.01) levels than women. The AM and SF groups had significantly (p<0.05 - 0.01) higher plasma levels of copper and zinc than Group SM. Group AF had lower zinc levels than Groups AM and SF, that latter group having lower α-tocopherol compared with Group SM.

Conclusions: Inasmuch the observed differences could be due to the respective intakes, the effect of motor activity and the associated increased elimination of minerals could not be ruled out.
Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks
Authors: Solodun Yuriy , Monakhova Yulia , Kuballa Thomas , Samokhvalov Andriy , Rehm Jürgen , Lachenmeier Dirk
Published: February 2012

Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks

In 2005, 30% of all alcohol consumption in Russia was unrecorded. This paper describes the chemical composition of unrecorded and low cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. Alcohol products (n=22) from both recorded and unrecorded sources were obtained from three Russian cities (Saratov, Lipetsk and Irkutsk) and were chemically analyzed. Unrecorded alcohols included homemade samogons, medicinal alcohols and surrogate alcohols. Analysis included alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Single samples showed contamination with DEP (275-1269 mg/l) and PHMG (515 mg/l) above levels of toxicological concern. Our detailed chemical analysis of Russian alcohols showed that the composition of vodka, samogon and medicinal alcohols generally did not raise major public health concerns other than for ethanol. It was shown, however, that concentration levels of DEP and PHMG in some surrogate alcohols make these samples unfit for human consumption as even moderate drinking would exceed acceptable daily intakes.
Variability of nutrient concentrations in sediments and wetland plants during the vegetation season under different sediment moisture conditions
Authors: Ławniczak Agnieszka
Published: February 2012

Variability of nutrient concentrations in sediments and wetland plants during the vegetation season under different sediment moisture conditions

Changes of nutrient concentrations in sediments and plant biomass as well as above-ground biomass production of four emergent macrophytes during the vegetation season were studied. Particularly, variations over time in N:P and N:K ratios in sediments between sites with and without vegetation as well as seasonally flooded and permanently flooded sites were investigated. In plant covered sites, biomass production and nutrient concentrations in the four wetland plant species were measured monthly from March to September 2008. The study was conducted in the littoral zone of the polymictic Lake Niepruszewskie. The performed analyses of N, P and K concentrations in plants and sediments indicated that measurements of nutrients in plant biomass better reflected nutrient availability for plant growth than analyses of nutrient contents in sediments. The vegetation biomass and nutrient concentrations in plant biomass in the shallow littoral zone were more sensitive to changes of water depth in comparison with the permanently flooded part of the littoral zone. The present study showed that the N:P biomass ratio was a better indicator of moisture changes than the N:K ratio or individual nutrients. Preferences of the studied macrophytes for nutrient concentrations in sediments depended more on the N:P ratio in the sediment than N or P or K concentrations individually.Glyceria maximapreferred sites with high N and K concentrations (N:K=0.9) whileTypha angustifoliaoccurred in sites with the lowest nutrient concentrations among the studied species (N:P and N:K = 0.1).
Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake District
Authors: Dembowska Ewa
Published: February 2012

Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake District

The dominance of blue-green algae observed in many lakes is related to a high trophic level. Shallow eutrophic lakes are particularly often abundant in blue-green algae. The research on phytoplankton, the results of which are presented in this paper, was carried out between 2002 and 2005 in six lakes. These lakes differed considerably in their size and management methods applied in the catchment (drainage) area. A few types of water blooms were distinguished, which is related to the catchment area management, the intensity of mixing and the trophic level. Algal blooms of the Planktothrix type appeared in lakes situated in an open area of agricultural catchment basins. Algal blooms of the Limnothrix type were characteristic of lakes with a forest-agricultural catchment area but surrounded by high shores, which reduced the wind influence on the mixing. Sporadic mixed algal blooms were typical of lakes situated in forest catchment areas.
Bathymetric measurements of Morskie Oko Lake
Authors: Choiński Adam , Strzelczak Agnieszka
Published: February 2012

Bathymetric measurements of Morskie Oko Lake

The aim of this study was to gather and summarize bathymetric measurements of Morskie Oko Lake which have been carried out up to now. Apart from the two existing plans from 1909 and 1934, a plan presenting the arrangement of isobaths in 1879 was worked out on the basis of numerical data. Moreover, after field investigation with an echo sounder in 2011, a new bathymetric plan was created. All four plans were used to calculate the basic morphometric parameters of Morskie Oko. Bathygraphic curves were determined from the volume of water found by measuring the areas between consecutive isobaths. The least accurate data come from 1879 while there is a considerable resemblance between the plans dated to 1934 and 2011. In case of the most recent plan, the measurements were for the first time related to the average, multi-annual (1963-2010) water level. Thus, the greatest depth found in 2011 can be regarded as the maximum depth. Further bathymetric studies could help to determine the rate of shallowing of Morskie Oko lake caused by weathered rock material, transported for instance by avalanches.
Shoreline and surface area changes induced by floating islands in peatland lakes (Tuchola Pinewood Forest, Poland)
Authors: Kowalewski Grzegorz
Published: February 2012

Shoreline and surface area changes induced by floating islands in peatland lakes (Tuchola Pinewood Forest, Poland)

Multitemporal aerial photography and topographic maps were applied to investigate shoreline and surface area changes induced by floating islands in three small (area < 1 ha) peatland lakes in the Tuchola Forest. The observation period covers the last 60 years (1951-2011). Shorelines of peatland lakes are stable, unless parts of them detach as floating mats and become floating islands which could have migrated sporadically in the past. Currently, they are rooted permanently to the mat (Dury I and Dury V Lakes) or float loose (Kozie Lake). In the observation period, movement of the islands and closing of lake bays due to overgrowing were the main reasons of shoreline changes. Due to low resolution of old aerial photographs, other changes are not decipherable and can be treated as negligible. Therefore, no reasonable conclusions can be drawn regarding the actual floating mat encroachment during the last 60 years, and the rate of lake shrinking, based of aerial photographs.
Development of floating-leaved vegetation in three lakes of varied trophy (Leczna-Wlodawa Lakeland)
Authors: Sender Joanna
Published: February 2012

Development of floating-leaved vegetation in three lakes of varied trophy (Leczna-Wlodawa Lakeland)

Nymphaeids are a typical component of littoral vegetation in European lakes. In different types of water bodies they create large stands. This group of macrophyte species grows not deeper than 3 metres, but depending on clarity and depth. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage share and biomass of nymphaeids in investigated lakes with varying trophy and way of use. Furthermore, another aim of the study was a comparative analysis of morphometric features among dominant species of nymphaeids. The studied lakes are a group of eutrophic lakes, in various stages of its advancement from the low eutrophic Lake Płotycze Sobiborskie, through the eutrophic Lake Płotycze Urszulińskie to the highly eutrophic Lake Zienkowskie. In the studied lakes, nymphaeids formed a large part of the phytolittoral as well as macrophyte biomass, the smallest in the strongly eutrophic lake, the largest in the eutrophic lake. In the studied lakes appeared both Nymphaea candida species as well as intermediate forms. Neither the use of the lake nor habitat conditions affected the differentiation of the analysed characteristics of Nuphar lutea, while the most sensitive species was Nymphaea candida.
Responding to Calgary's “Gang War”: A Political Sociology of Criminological Ideas
Authors: Rollwagen Heather , Béland Daniel
Published: February 2012

Drawing on the political sociology of ideas, this article considers a crucial crime control policy: increasing levels of policing. This policy is particularly interesting, given the scarcity of research indicating that increased levels of policing lead to reductions in crime. An examination of the ideas used to guide understandings of criminal events and crises shows how political actors understand crime as the consequence of a lack of control. In light of this understanding of crime, increasing the level of control through a heightened police presence becomes a logical solution. To illustrate this process, the article presents a case study of a “gang war” occurring in Calgary since 2007. Through an analysis of newspaper articles, the article shows how this event was framed by political actors in a way that legitimized policies that increase the number of police.
Feebates and Fuel Economy Standards
Authors: Liu Changzheng , Cooke Elizabeth C. , Greene David L. , Bunch David S.
Published: February 2012

This study evaluates the potential impacts of a national feebate system, a market-based policy that consists of graduated fees on low-fuel-economy (or high-emitting) vehicles and rebates for high-fuel-economy (or low-emitting) vehicles. In their simplest form, feebate systems operate under three conditions: a benchmark divides all vehicles into two categories—those charged fees and those eligible for rebates; the sizes of the fees and rebates are a function of a vehicle's deviation from its benchmark; and placement of the benchmark ensures revenue neutrality or a desired level of subsidy or revenue. A model developed by the University of California for the California Air Resources Board was revised and used to estimate the effects of six feebate structures on fuel economy and sales of new light-duty vehicles, given existing and anticipated future fuel economy and emission standards. These estimates for new vehicles were then entered into a vehicle stock model that simulated the evolution of the entire vehicle stock. The results indicate that feebates could produce large, additional reductions in emissions and fuel consumption, in large part by encouraging market acceptance of technologies with advanced fuel economy, such as hybrid electric vehicles.
Estimating Route Choice and Travel Time Reliability with Field Observations of Bluetooth Probe Vehicles
Authors: Hainen Alexander M. , Wasson Jason S. , Hubbard Sarah M. L. , Remias Stephen M. , Farnsworth Grant D. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: February 2012

Route choice is often assessed with either a modeling technique or field observations. Field observations have historically used a variation of license plate matching. The proposed technique assesses route choice and travel time that uses an anonymous Bluetooth media access control (MAC) address sampling technique as a surrogate for license plate matching to assess route choice. The Bluetooth sampling technique was used to evaluate the impact of an unexpected bridge closure in northwest Indiana, including an assessment of the proportion of vehicles using each of four alternate routes. The Bluetooth technology also provided a means to collect travel time data for each alternate route; these observed travel times were also compared with travel time estimates obtained by route classification and link distance. In general, the route choice behavior was consistent with observed travel time estimates. The Bluetooth sampling technique is cost-effective to deploy, and although results are approximate, direct measurement of travel times and route choice is useful for public agencies to assess mobility and travel time reliability along alternate routes.
Discriminant Analysis for Assigning Short-Term Counts to Seasonal Adjustment Factor Groupings
Authors: Tsapakis Ioannis , Schneider William H. , Bolbol Adel , Skarlatidou Artemis
Published: February 2012

The assignment of short-term counts to groupings of seasonal adjustment factors is the most critical step in the annual average daily traffic estimation process; this step is also extremely sensitive to error resulting from engineering judgment. In this study, discriminant analysis is examined, and several variable selection criteria are investigated to develop 12 assignment models. Continuous traffic volume data, obtained in the state of Ohio during 2005 and 2006, are used in the analysis. Seasonal adjustment factors are calculated with individual volumes of the two directions of travel as well as the total volume of a roadway segment. The results reveal that the best-performing directional volume–based model, which employs the Rao's V algorithm, produces a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.2%, which can be compared with errors reported in previous studies. An average decline in the MAE by 58% and in the standard deviation of the absolute error by 70% is estimated over the traditional roadway functional classification. In addition, time-of-day factors are slightly more effective in identifying similar patterns of short-term counts than when they are combined with the average daily traffic. When directional-specific factors are used instead of total volume–based seasonal adjustment factors, the improvement in the average MAE is approximately 41%. This conclusion is consistent with previous research findings and may result from the division of the data set by direction essentially doubling the sample size, which in turn increases the number of assignment options for a short-term count.
Detection and Correction of Inductive Loop Detector Sensitivity Errors by Using Gaussian Mixture Models
Authors: Corey Jonathan , Lao Yunteng , Wu Yao-Jan , Wang Yinhai
Published: February 2012

Inductive loop detectors (ILDs) form the backbone of many traffic detection networks by providing vehicle detection for freeway and arterial monitoring as well as signal control. Unfortunately, ILD technology generally has limited the available sensitivity settings. Changing roadway conditions and aging equipment can cause ILD settings that had been correct to become under- or oversensitive. ILDs with incorrect sensitivities may result in severe errors in occupancy and volume measurements. Therefore, sensitivity error identification and correction are important for quality data collection from ILDs. In this study, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to identify ILDs with sensitivity problems. If the sensitivity problem is correctible at the software level, a correction factor is then calculated for the occupancy measurements of the ILD. The correction methodology developed in this study was found effective in correcting occupancy errors caused by the ILD sensitivity problems. Single-loop speed calculation with the corrected occupancy increases the accuracy by 12%. Since this GMM-based approach does not require hardware changes, it is cost-effective and has great potential for easy improvement of archived loop data quality.
Military Deployment, Masculinity and Trauma: Reviewing the Connections
Authors: Fox John , Pease Bob
Published: February 2012

This article reviews the literature on deployment trauma and examines the limitations of conventional understandings of trauma as they relate to veterans' experiences. It suggests that the failure to take into account social influences and social relationships limits the usefulness of conventional approaches to trauma. The article considers the role that masculinity plays in male veterans' experience of and sense making about trauma. It is suggested that while formal recognition of posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM has provided a helpful language for veterans, it is an incomplete response. A new model of masculinity that better enables the male veteran to speak about trauma and to reconnect with others has implications for counselling practice with veterans.
Does the Endorsement of Traditional Masculinity Ideology Moderate the Relationship between Exposure to Violent Video Games and Aggression?
Authors: Thomas Kimberly D. , Levent Ronald F.
Published: February 2012

Previous research has found a link between exposure to violent videogames and aggression. The current study investigated whether the endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology moderates this relationship in college men. The sample, 168 men, filled out a demographic questionnaire, the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised, an adaptation of the Exposure to Violent Videogames Measure, and the Aggression Questionnaire. Exposure to violent videogames was, as expected, correlated with aggression. Endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology was also correlated with aggression. The endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology was found to moderate the relationship between exposure to violent videogames and aggression. High endorsement increased the positive linear relationship between exposure and aggression, whereas low endorsement removed this relationship.
Taking Stock: Exploring Trends in the Field of Men's Studies through a Content Analysis of the American Men's Studies Association (AMSA) Annual Conference Programs (1993–2012)
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey , Suen Yiu-Tung
Published: February 2012

It is generally agreed that the field of men's studies has been growing at a rapid rate in the past few decades. However, as this field of study is still relatively new when compared to other disciplines, there are a lot of unknowns with regard to the directions of growth of the field. In response, the study reported in this article is an attempt to capture the growth of the field of Men's Studies through an exploratory content analysis of the annual conference presentations of the American Men's Studies Association from 1993 to 2012. The findings of this study are then used to draw tentative conclusions regarding the evolution of Men's Studies as an academic discipline over the past 19 years.
Editorial Vol.1(3)
Authors: Ara Rowshan
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i3.9784 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(3): 1
Cinnamic Acid and Its Derivatives Inhibit Fructose-Mediated Protein Glycation
Authors: Adisakwattana Sirichai , Sompong Weerachat , Meeprom Aramsri , Ngamukote Sathaporn , Yibchok-anun Sirintorn
Published: February 2012

Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have shown a variety of pharmacologic properties. However, little is known about the antiglycation properties of cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The present study sought to characterize the protein glycation inhibitory activity of cinnamic acid and its derivatives in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/fructose system. The results demonstrated that cinnamic acid and its derivatives significantly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by approximately 11.96–63.36% at a concentration of 1 mM. The strongest inhibitory activity against the formation of AGEs was shown by cinnamic acid. Furthermore, cinnamic acid and its derivatives reduced the level of fructosamine, the formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), and the level of amyloid cross β-structure. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives also prevented oxidative protein damages, including effects on protein carbonyl formation and thiol oxidation of BSA. Our findings may lead to the possibility of using cinnamic acid and its derivatives for preventing AGE-mediated diabetic complications.
Management of Sulfide-Bearing Waste, a Challenge for the Mining Industry
Authors: Öhlander Björn , Chatwin Terrence , Alakangas Lena
Published: February 2012

Oxidation of iron sulfides in waste rock dumps and tailings deposits may result in formation of acid rock drainage (ARD), which often is a challenging problem at mine sites. Therefore, integrating an ARD management plan into the actual mine operations in the early phases of exploration, continuing through the mine life until final closure might be successful and decrease the environmental impact. A thorough characterization of ore and waste should be performed at an early stage. A detailed knowledge of mineralogical composition, chemical composition and physical properties such as grain size, porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the different waste types is necessary for reliable predictions of ARD formation and efficiency of mitigation measures. Different approaches to prevent and mitigate ARD are discussed. Another key element of successfully planning to prevent ARD and to close a mining operation sustainably is to engage the mine stakeholders (regulators, community and government leaders, non-governmental organization (NGOs) and lenders) in helping develop and implement the ARD management plan.
Chiral Flavanones from Amygdalus lycioides Spach: Structural Elucidation and Identification of TNFalpha Inhibitors by Bioactivity-guided Fractionation
Authors: Gaggeri Raffaella , Rossi Daniela , Christodoulou Michael S. , Passarella Daniele , Leoni Flavio , Azzolina Ornella , Collina Simona
Published: February 2012

Phytochemical investigation on the Amygdalus lycioides Spach branchelets resulted in the isolation of four chiral flavanones: (2R,3R)-Taxifolin, (2R,3R)-aromadendrin, (S)-5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone and (S)-naringenin. The flavanones were isolated by semi-preparative HPLC, their structures elucidated based on spectroscopic data and their absolute configuration assigned. As a part of our ethnobotanical-directed search for novel TNFα inhibitors, the bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-hexane-acetone (n-Hex-Ac, 1:1 v/v) Amygdalus lycioides Spach branchelets extract was performed. In this way, (S)-naringenin was identified as the constituent responsible for the TNFα blocking effect, being effective in vitro and in vivo after oral administration. This is the first investigation on bioactive secondary metabolites of Amygdalus lycioides Spach branchelets.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant-Related Investigations on Bark of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach. from Nepal
Authors: Dall’Acqua Stefano , Minesso Paola , Shresta Bharat Babu , Comai Stefano , Jha Pramod Kumar , Gewali Mohan Bikram , Greco Emanuela , Cervellati Rinaldo , Innocenti Gabbriella
Published: February 2012

The bark of several coniferous species, a waste product of the timber industry, contains significant amounts of natural antioxidants. In our ongoing studies of Nepalese medicinal plants, we examined the bark from Abies spectabilis as the starting material for extracting antioxidant compounds. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluated by means of three antioxidant methods, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction (BR) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and total phenol contents with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent; the ferrous iron chelating capacity was also assessed. The methanol extract of A. spectabilis showed significant antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents (IC50 4.13 µg/mL, 0.20 μg/mL eq. resorcinol, 4.22 mM eq. Trolox, 3.9 µg/g eq. gallic Acid in the DPPH, BR, TEAC and Folin-Ciocalteau tests, respectively) and weak Fe2+ chelating capacity. Phytochemical studies were also carried out with 1D- and 2D NMR experiments and DI-ESI-MS, HPLC-DAD and LC-MSn measurements. Oligomeric C-type proanthocyanidins, mainly trimeric gallocatechin derivatives, were the most abundant compounds (16% of extract expressed as procyanindin B1). Gallocatechin oligomers (up to six units) and prodelphynidin-gallocatechin polymers were also identified in the extract. Prodelphynidin B4, cyclograndisolide and trans-docosanil ferulate were also isolated and characterized by NMR and MS spectroscopy.
Genomics of gene banks: A case study in rice
Authors: McCouch Susan R. , McNally Kenneth L. , Wang Wen , Sackville Hamilton Ruaraidh
Published: February 2012

Only a small fraction of the naturally occurring genetic diversity available in the world's germplasm repositories has been explored to date, but this is expected to change with the advent of affordable, high‐throughput genotyping and sequencing technology. It is now possible to examine genome‐wide patterns of natural variation and link sequence polymorphisms with downstream phenotypic consequences. In this paper, we discuss how dramatic changes in the cost and efficiency of sequencing and genotyping are revolutionizing the way gene bank scientists approach the responsibilities of their job. Sequencing technology provides a set of tools that can be used to enhance the quality, efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness of gene bank operations, the depth of scientific knowledge of gene bank holdings, and the level of public interest in natural variation. As a result, gene banks have the chance to take on new life. Previously seen as “warehouses” where seeds were diligently maintained, but evolutionarily frozen in time, gene banks could transform into vibrant research centers that actively investigate the genetic potential of their holdings. In this paper, we will discuss how genotyping and sequencing can be integrated into the activities of a modern gene bank to revolutionize the way scientists document the genetic identity of their accessions; track seed lots, varieties, and alleles; identify duplicates; and rationalize active collections, and how the availability of genomics data are likely to motivate innovative collaborations with the larger research and breeding communities to engage in systematic and rigorous phenotyping and multilocation evaluation of the genetic resources in gene banks around the world. The objective is to understand and eventually predict how variation at the DNA level helps determine the phenotypic potential of an individual or population. Leadership and vision are needed to coordinate the characterization of collections and to integrate genotypic and phenotypic information in ways that will illuminate the value of these resources. Genotyping of collections represents a powerful starting point that will enable gene banks to become more effective as stewards of crop biodiversity.
REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICE TO IMPROVE PROJECT OUTCOMES / REIKALAVIMŲ APIBRĖŽIMAS IR VADYBA GERINANT PROJEKTO REZULTATUS
Authors: Yang Li-Ren , Chen Jieh-Haur , Huang Chung-Fah
Published: February 2012

Poor project requirements definition and management (RDM) is one of the major causes of project failure. However, many organizations do not adequately manage a project's requirements leading to a poor design basis. Thus, quality of requirements is critical to the success of any construction project. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating effect of requirements quality on the relationship between RDM practice and project performance. The second objective was to determine whether the impact of RDM practice on project performance was moderated by project characteristics. A three-phase approach was employed to investigate construction projects in the Taiwanese building industry. The testing supports a role for requirements quality as a partial mediator in the relationship between RDM practice and project performance. The findings also indicate that project characteristics have a moderating effect on the relationship between requirements quality and overall project performance. Santrauka Prastai apibrėžti ir valdomi projekto reikalavimai – viena iš pagrindinių projekto nesėkmės priežasčių. Tačiau daug organizacijų neskiria pakankamai dėmesio projekto reikalavimų valdymui, todėl sukuriamas prastas projektavimo pagrindas. Taigi kokybės reikalavimai yra esminis sėkmės garantas bet kuriame statybų projekte. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas – išnagrinėti, kaip reikalavimų kokybė veikia jų apibrėžimo ir valdymo ryšį su projekto efektyvumu. Antrasis tikslas – nustatyti, ar projekto savybės mažina reikalavimų apibrėžimo ir valdymo poveikį projekto efektyvumui. Pritaikius trijų etapų metodą, išnagrinėti statybų projektai Taivano statybų sektoriuje. Bandymai patvirtino, kad reikalavimų kokybė iš dalies keičia jų apibrėžimo ir valdymo ryšį su projekto efektyvumu. Išvados taip pat rodo, kad projekto savybės riboja reikalavimų kokybės bendram projekto efektyvumui poveikį.
La Chine, géant vert sans « pieds d'argile »
Authors: Monteil Amandine , Vermander Benoît
Published: February 2012

Résumé Les défis environnementaux sont à la mesure du gigantisme chinois. Le désert, l’industrie et la ville gagnent sur les terres agricoles. Conjuguée au régime ambigu de la propriété, à la spéculation et à la précarité des travailleurs migrants, la crise foncière met en péril la cohésion sociale, la qualité des sols et la sécurité alimentaire.
Quand nos aînés déclarent la dépendance (introduction)
Authors: Chaillou Aurore
Published: February 2012

Résumé La prise en charge de la dépendance des personnes âgées n’est pas qu’une question de porte-monnaie. Le vieillissement croissant de la population et la perte d’autonomie de certains questionnent évidemment la gestion des ressources publiques, mais aussi les mécanismes de solidarité, au sein de la famille et au-delà, les limites du don de soi, nos capacités à travailler ensemble et à construire une société accueillant les plus fragiles.
Dépendance : au-delà des coûts
Authors: Joël Marie-Ève
Published: February 2012

Résumé Nous devons, certes, trouver une façon pérenne de financer la perte d’autonomie d’un nombre croissant de personnes âgées. Mais au-delà de la question économique, la dépendance doit être envisagée de manière collective, car elle questionne notre conception de la famille, de la solidarité ou de la ville.
Soutenir ses parents, jusqu'où ?
Authors: Fontaine Roméo
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’individualisation de la société ne va pas nécessairement de pair avec un effritement des solidarités familiales. Mais accompagner un proche âgé et dépendant a un coût, en argent, en temps, pour sa vie sociale et sa santé. Autant d’éléments à prendre en compte pour réformer la politique de prise en charge de la perte d’autonomie.
Une personne âgée dépendante reste un sujet désirant
Authors: Dal Palu Bruno
Published: February 2012

Résumé Entretien – Face au choc que provoque la dépendance d’un proche âgé, que faire? Au-delà des arbitrages économiques, cette situation interroge notre relation à l’autre fragilisé. Pour le Dr Dal Palu, psychologue, il est primordial de respecter la dignité de la personne et de l’accueillir en tant que sujet désirant.
Les aidants, cœur du système social
Authors: Guérin Serge
Published: February 2012

Résumé Sans les aidants bénévoles, le système de santé s’écroule. Faut-il reconnaître un statut, octroyer une formation à ces accompagnateurs de la dépendance ?
Dépendance, place aux bénévoles
Authors: Serres Jean-François
Published: February 2012

Résumé La solitude des personnes âgées aggrave les risques de dépendance. La complémentarité entre professionnels et réseaux de proximité est un facteur essentiel de prévention. Elle replace les relations dans une situation plus juste et soulage les familles. Entre l’État et l’individu, les associations donnent voix à un engagement, à une fraternité.
L'intelligence sociale en danger
Authors: Renouard Camille
Published: February 2012

Résumé Michel Chauvière, L’intelligence sociale en danger , La Découverte, 2011, 272 p., 21 €
Le patron, le footballeur et le smicard. Des rémunérations indécentes
Authors: Galena Yann
Published: February 2012

Résumé Philippe Villemus, Le patron, le footballeur et le smicard. Des rémunérations indécentes , Dialogues, 2011, 306 p., 19,90 €
L'ère du consommateur
Authors: Dehaudt Marc
Published: February 2012

Résumé Laurent Fourquet, L’ère du consommateur , Cerf, 2011, 346 p., 26 €
La nouvelle alternative ? Enquête sur l'économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Merckaert Jean
Published: February 2012

Résumé Philippe Frémeaux, La nouvelle alternative ? Enquête sur l’économie sociale et solidaire , Alternatives économiques/Les Petits Matins, 2011, 160 p., 12 €
L'époque de la performance insignifiante. Réflexions sur la vie désorientée
Authors: Perrot Étienne
Published: February 2012

Résumé Fabio Merlini, L’époque de la performance insignifiante. Réflexions sur la vie désorientée , Cerf, 2011, 204 p., 23 €
La construction des inégalités scolaires. Au cœur des pratiques et des dispositifs d'enseignement
Authors: Vettraino Jean
Published: February 2012

Résumé Jean-Yves Rochex et Jacques Crinon (dir.), La construction des inégalités scolaires. Au cœur des pratiques et des dispositifs d’enseignement , Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2011, 212 p., 16 €
Un Bantou en Asie
Authors: Courtin Christophe
Published: February 2012

Résumé Célestin Monga, Un Bantou en Asie , Puf, 2011, 210 p., 18 €
Des villes et des hommes. Enquête sur un mode de vie planétaire
Authors: Vettraino Jean
Published: February 2012

Résumé Edward Glaeser, Des villes et des hommes. Enquête sur un mode de vie planétaire , Flammarion, 2011, 364 p., 23 €