bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classifying Tensile Loading History of Continuous Carbon Fiber Composites Using X‐Ray Scattering and Machine Learning
Authors: Sexton Alexander , Kanters Marc , Demchenko Hanna , Pacáková Barbara , Fossum Jon Otto , Balzano Luigi , Knaapila Matti
Published: November 2023

The tensile loading history of continuous carbon fiber composites is classified using machine learning (ML) and crystallographic data from the polymer matrix. Composites with polyamide‐4,10 matrix and unidirectional 10° and 45°, and 0°/90° cross‐ply layups are subjected to single‐cycle uniaxial tensile loads corresponding to 25–90% of their nominal maximum strain, and mapped by X‐ray diffraction with approximately 1000 data points from each layup. The unit cell alterations are used as a feature set for optimizing three ML algorithms; linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines (SVM), and gradient‐boosted decision trees (GBDT), with the objective of predicting five discrete loading magnitudes of the respective layups. It is demonstrated that SVMs and GBDTs can be trained to achieve a classification accuracy of >90% on unseen test data, both in cases where the feature set consists of data points from individual layups only, but also when data from the three layups are aggregated. The performance of the models is also shown to be similar to a binary problem, in which the composites are categorized according to a threshold load.
More Than Metal–Organic Frameworks: Intestinal Villi‐Inspired Device as a Therapeutic Platform for Oral Enzyme Delivery
Authors: Qi Xiaoyue , Liu Kexin , Chen Qizhe , Deng Yulin
Published: November 2023

Macromolecules are fragile when orally administered. An intestinal villi‐inspired metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based smart pill with multiple advantages is developed to offer a salubrious solution for oral delivery of enzymes. In the pill, MOFs accommodate enzymes as carriers exhibit excellent in vitro and in vivo catalytic activities with good oral biosafety, displaying supreme protection from degradation or inhibition in simulated gastrointestinal tract and high tolerance in simulated gastric acid and intestinal fluid. Moreover, the bioinspired pill possesses the morphology of the small intestinal villi obtained via an in situ moulding strategy for enhancing biocatalysis, which is attributed to the increase of surface area. Collaboratively, the adhesive layer renders increased smart pill in vivo retention, which is verified in pigs, providing a clinically translational and versatile platform for long‐term oral macromolecule delivery.
Ultrasensitive Bidirectional Photoresponse SnSe2 Photodetector Integration with Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate Photonics
Authors: Chen Jiamin , Lu Shijia , Hu Youtian , Yang Fan , Han Huangpu , Kong Lingbing , He Bin , Ruan Shuangchen , Xiang Bingxi
Published: November 2023

Photodetectors (PDs) based on 2D materials are promising for photonics integration, offering fast response times, high responsivities, and low‐noise detection across a wide range of wavelengths. Here, a novel PD structure consisting of a 35‐nm‐thick SnSe2 layer covering a proton‐exchanged thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) waveguide is presented. This device displays ultrasensitive bidirectional photoresponse characteristics at various wavelengths and can detect photon energies below the SnSe2 bandgap. Under irradiation at 850 and 450 nm, the device exhibits a positive photoresponse driven by the photoconductive effect, achieving high responsivity of 761.78 A W−1 (0.95 nW) and 694.91 A W−1 (2.125 nW), respectively. Conversely, under irradiation at 1550 and 1310 nm, the device exhibits a negative photoresponse driven by the bolometric effect. The responsivity and response/recovery times under 1550 nm irradiation are measured to be 3.13 A W−1 (578 nW) and 21.3/20.4 ms, respectively. The PD exhibits one of the highest responsivities reported for 2D material‐integrated waveguide PDs. This high‐performance SnSe2/TFLN waveguide PD has broad potential for application in optical communication and multifunctional photonic circuits in the visible to near‐infrared (NIR) band.
Pump‐Induced Terahertz Conductivity Response and Peculiar Bound State in Mn3Si2Te6
Authors: Wu Qiong , Yin Qiangwei , Zhang Sijie , Hu Tianchen , Wu Dong , Yue Li , Li Bohan , Xu Shuxiang , Li Rongsheng , Liu Qiaomei , Lei Hechang , Dong Tao , Wang Nanlin
Published: November 2023

The significant enhancement of ultrafast terahertz optical conductivity and the unexpected formation of a polaronic‐like state in semiconductor Mn3Si2Te6 at room temperature are reported. With the absorption of pump photons, the low‐frequency terahertz photoconductivity spectrum exhibits a significant rise, quickly forming a broad peak and subsequently shifting to higher energy. The short‐lived nature of the broad peak, as well as the distribution of optical constants, strongly points toward a transient polaron mechanism. This study not only provides profound insights into the remarkable photoelectric response of Mn3Si2Te6 but also highlights its significant potential for future photoelectric applications.
Rational Design of AIE Photosensitizers with Full‐Visible Color Emission and Efficient ROS Generation
Authors: Yin Weidong , Ma Yucheng , Chen Shuge , Xing Longjiang , Ji Shaomin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Huo Yanping , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2023

Organic photosensitizers (PSs) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics have shown several advantages in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, how to design PSs with the required optical and biological properties is a formidable challenge. In this work, a series of AIE active pyridine‐ and pyridinium‐functionalized carbazole with different substituents are designed and synthesized. Compared to other analogs, BK‐Pys‐BP containing benzophenone moiety on the pyridinium unit produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently in the presence of light due to its large spin‐orbit coupling constant to promote efficient intersystem crossing. Based on its structure, three molecules with enhanced donor–acceptor strength and conjugation are further investigated to realize emission covering the whole visible region. The cationic nature and excellent ROS generation ability of benzophenone‐containing AIE photosensitizers allows for specific imaging of mitochondria, killing cancer cells, and as a singlet oxygen donor to catalyze the formation of endoperoxides. Thus, the present work presents an effective strategy for creating AIE photosensitizers with efficient ROS generation for wide biological applications.
“We are not a typical family anymore”: Exploring the experiences and support needs of fathers of children with Fragile X syndrome in Australia
Authors: Luermans Jacintha , Fleming Jane , O'Shea Rosie , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Palmer Elizabeth Emma , Leffler Melanie
Published: November 2023

A diagnosis of the X‐linked condition Fragile X syndrome (FXS) in a child commonly reveals the mother's carrier status. Previous research focused on the genetic counseling process for the child and maternal family, despite calls for more research on the support needs of fathers. This study explored experiences and support needs of fathers at least 1 year after their child's FXS diagnosis to understand barriers and enablers and optimize health outcomes for the family. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 11 fathers recruited through the Australian Genetics of Learning Disability Service and the Fragile X Association. Deidentified transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by an inductive approach. Four themes emerged: (1) making life easier through understanding—yesterday and today, (2) the path to a new normal—today and tomorrow, (3) seeking information and support, and (4) what men want. Fathers reported diagnostic odysseys, postdiagnostic grief, and challenges adjusting. They highlighted difficulties in understanding their child's unique behaviors and needs, responding to their partner's psychological support needs, planning for their child's future, and navigating complex health and disability systems. Participants suggested health professionals facilitate father‐to‐father support and psychological counseling. These findings highlight the unmet needs of fathers and suggest that a strengths‐based approach is critically important given the recognized mental health impact.
State‐Independent Geometric Quantum Gates via Nonadiabatic and Noncyclic Evolution
Authors: Chen Yue , Ji Li‐Na , Xue Zheng‐Yuan , Liang Yan
Published: November 2023

Geometric phases are robust to local noises and the nonadiabatic ones can reduce the evolution time, thus nonadiabatic geometric gates have strong robustness and can approach high fidelity. However, the advantage of geometric phase has not been fully explored in previous investigations. Here,a scheme is proposed for universal quantum gates with pure nonadiabatic and noncyclic geometric phases from smooth evolution paths. In the scheme, only geometric phase can be accumulated in a fast way, and thus it not only fully utilizes the local noise resistant property of geometric phase but also reduces the difficulty in experimental realization. Numerical results show that the implemented geometric gates have stronger robustness than dynamical gates and the geometric scheme with cyclic path. Furthermore, it proposes to construct universal quantum gate on superconducting circuits, with the fidelities of single‐qubit gate and nontrivial two‐qubit gate can achieve 99.97% and 99.87%, respectively. Therefore, these high‐fidelity quantum gates are promising for large‐scale fault‐tolerant quantum computation.
Konformationeller Austausch eines Liganden in der Bindetasche eines Proteins auf der Mikrosekundenzeitskala
Authors: Kotschy Julia , Söldner Benedikt , Singh Himanshu , Vasa Suresh K. , Linser Rasmus
Published: November 2023

Die experimentelle Erfassung möglicher interner Dynamik eines Liganden ohne Isotopenmarkierung im proteingebundenen Zustand ist grundsätzlich schwierig. Hohe Temperaturfaktoren aus Kristallstrukturen können statische Heterogenität nicht von Bewegung unterscheiden, zudem können für symmetrische Bewegungen selbst bei niedrigsten B‐Faktoren schnelle Bewegungen vorhanden sein. Hier zeigen wir die sowohl in Lösung als auch im Kristall experimentell beobachtete interne μs‐Dynamik eines nicht‐isotopenmarkierten Liganden, während dieser mit hoher Affinität an das Enzym humane Carboanhydrase II (hCAII) gebunden ist. Der sprunghafte Wechsel zwischen den Rotameren der Benzolgruppe des Liganden verursacht sowohl in Lösungs‐ als auch Festkörper NMR mit schneller Rotation um den magischen Winkel 1H R1ρ Relaxationsdispersion, für die mittels Molecular Dynamics (MD)‐Simulationen mechanistische Einblicke erhalten werden. Die experimentelle Erfassung von konformationellem Austausch in gebundenen Liganden in Lösung und im Festkörper könnte einem besseren Verständnis von Wirt‐Gast‐Interaktionen in Biologie und supramolekularer und medizinischer Chemie dienen.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Transparent Mixed Metal Sulfamates with Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Properties and Birefringence
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Leng Xudong , Kuk Yunseung , Lee Jihyun , Jing Qun , Ok Kang Min
Published: November 2023

Enhancing anisotropy through the controlled arrangement of anionic groups is essential for improving the nonlinear optical (NLO) performance of non‐π‐conjugated NLO materials. In this study, we present the successful synthesis of the first examples of mixed alkali metal‐alkaline earth metal sulfamate materials, including noncentrosymmetric Cs2Mg(NH2SO3)4 ⋅ 4H2O (1), as well as centrosymmetric K2Ca(NH2SO3)4 (2) and Rb2Ca(NH2SO3)4 (3). All three compounds feature promising deep ultraviolet cut‐off edges, notably 1 with a cut‐off edge below 180 nm. The synergy of Cs+ and Mg2+ cations in 1 facilitated the successful alignment of polar [NH2SO3] tetrahedra in a uniform orientation. Remarkably, 1 stands as the sole instance among reported sulfamate compounds with a co‐parallel anionic arrangement, yielding a very large dipole moment compared to other non‐π‐conjugated NLO materials. Moreover, the substantial dipole moment of 1 yields an enhanced second harmonic generation response, approximately 2.3 times that of KH2PO4, and a large birefringence of 0.054 at 546.1 nm. The approach of regulating the arrangement of anionic groups using aliovalent cations holds promise for advancing the exploration of non‐π‐conjugated NLO materials.
Accelerated Electrophotocatalytic C(sp3)−H Heteroarylation Enabled by an Efficient Continuous‐Flow Reactor**
Authors: Ioannou Dimitris I. , Capaldo Luca , Sanramat Jiri , Reek Joost N. H. , Noël Timothy
Published: November 2023

Electrophotocatalytic transformations are garnering attention in organic synthesis, particularly for accessing reactive intermediates under mild conditions. Moving these methodologies to continuous‐flow systems, or flow ElectroPhotoCatalysis (f‐EPC), showcases potential for scalable processes due to enhanced irradiation, increased electrode surface, and improved mixing of the reaction mixture. Traditional methods sequentially link photochemical and electrochemical reactions, using flow reactors connected in series, yet struggle to accommodate reactive transient species. In this study, we introduce a new flow reactor concept for electrophotocatalysis (EPC) that simultaneously utilizes photons and electrons. The reactor is designed with a transparent electrode and employs cost‐effective materials. We used this technology to develop an efficient process for electrophotocatalytic heteroarylation of C(sp3)−H bonds. Importantly, the same setup can also facilitate purely electrochemical and photochemical transformations. This reactor represents a significant advancement in electrophotocatalysis, providing a framework for its application in flow for complex synthetic transformations.
Umpolung Isomerization in Radical Copolymerization of Benzyl Vinyl Ether with Pentafluorophenylacrylate Leading to Degradable AAB Periodic Copolymers
Authors: Kuroda Keita , Ouchi Makoto
Published: November 2023

This study revealed that benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE) shows a peculiar isomerization propagation in its radical copolymerization with an electron‐deficient acrylate carrying a pentafluorophenyl group (PFA). The co‐monomer pair inherently exhibits the cross‐over propagation feature due to the large difference in the electron density. However, the radical species of PFA was found to undergo a backward isomerization to the penultimate BnVE pendant giving a benzyl radical species prior to propagation with BnVE. The isomerization brings a drastic change in the character of the growing radical species from electrophilic to nucleophilic, and thus the isomerized benzyl radial species propagates with PFA. Consequently, the two monomers were consumed in the order AAB (A: PFA; B: BnVE) and the unique periodic consumption was confirmed by the pseudo‐reactivity ratios calculated by the penultimate model: r11=0.174 and r21=6600 for PFA (M1) with BnVE (M2). The pentafluorophenyl ester groups of the resulting copolymers are transformed into ester and amide groups by post‐polymerization alcoholysis and aminolysis modifications. The unique isomerization in the AAB sequence allowed the periodic introduction of a benzyl ether structure in the backbone leading to efficient degradation under acid conditions.
Immunolocalization of the mechanogated ion channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in human and mouse dental pulp and periodontal ligament
Authors: Gaite Juan J. , Solé‐Magdalena Antonio , García‐Mesa Yolanda , Cuendias Patricia , Martin‐Cruces José , García‐Suárez Olivia , Cobo Teresa , Vega José A. , Martín‐Biedma Benjamín
Published: November 2023

PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are essential components of mechanogated ion channels, which are required for mechanotransduction and biological processes associated with mechanical stimuli. There is evidence for the presence of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in teeth and periodontal ligaments, especially in cell lines and mice, but human studies are almost nonexistent. Decalcified permanent human teeth and mouse molars were processed for immunohistochemical detection of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2. Confocal laser microscopy was used to examine the co‐localization of PIEZO 1 and PIEZO2 with vimentin (a marker of differentiated odontoblasts) in human teeth. In the outer layer of the human dental pulp, abundant PIEZO1‐ and PIEZO2‐positive cells were found that had no odontoblast morphology and were vimentin‐negative. Based on their morphology, location, and the absence of vimentin positivity, they were identified as dental pulp stem cells or pre‐odontoblasts. However, in mice, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 were ubiquitously detected and colocalized in odontoblasts. Intense immunoreactivity of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 has been observed in human and murine periodontal ligaments. Our findings suggest that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 may be mechanosensors/mechanotransducers in murine odontoblasts, as well as in the transmission of forces by the periodontal ligament in humans and mice.
Control of a class of discrete event systems with disturbances and capacity constraints: Application to a disassembly problem
Authors: Syrine Bouazza , Said Amari , Hichem Hassine
Published: November 2023

This study proposes an analytical control method for the meeting of capacity constraints in discrete event systems with disturbances. More precisely, it consists of computing control laws for partially controllable and observable timed event graphs that are subject to marking constraints. To resolve the issue, linear Min‐Plus models are used to describe the behavior of these graphs, and the constraints are expressed by inequalities in Min‐Plus algebra. Sufficient conditions for the existence of causal control laws to guarantee marking specifications are established. Finally, to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches in this paper, an application for a disassembly process with some disturbance inputs and limited component capacities is carried out.
Optimierungsgestützte Platzierung individueller Hohlkörper in Platten
Authors: Clauß Felix , Forman Patrick , Rose Jannis , Kühl Magdalena , Mark Peter
Published: November 2023

Materialeinsparungen sind im Bauwesen unerlässlich. Ohne sie lassen sich die weltweit gesteckten Klimaziele nicht erreichen. Bei Betonplatten sind Hohlkörper eine Möglichkeit dazu. Sie verdrängen bis etwa 35 % an Betonvolumen, und zwar in Bereichen geringer Querkraft‐ und Biegebeanspruchung. Dabei wird bislang nur je eine Hohlkörperform eingesetzt. Im Beitrag wird ein Verfahren hergeleitet, das gegenüber den bisherigen Berechnungskonzepten zwei wesentliche Verbesserungen liefert. Zum einen sind beliebige Hohlkörperformen und ‐größen das Ergebnis, sodass innerhalb einer Platte je nach Tragfähigkeitsreserve verschieden große Hohlkörper nutzbar sind. Die Formen können beliebig rechteckig, kugelförmig oder ellipsoid ausfallen und werden generalisiert über sogenannte Superellipsoide beschrieben. Zum anderen ist die Optimierung an die Schnittgrößenermittlung der Platte gekoppelt, sodass die Veränderung der Schnittgrößenverteilung aus der Steifigkeitsbeeinflussung durch die Hohlkörper direkt ins Verfahren mit eingeht. Nachlaufende Kontrollen von Schnittgrößenumlagerungen entfallen. Kern des Optimierungsverfahrens ist die rechnerische Variation der Dichte, die mit dem verbliebenen Betonmaterial gleichgesetzt wird. Die Tragfähigkeit wird durch minimal einzuhaltende Druckzonenhöhen (Biegung) und reduzierte Widerstände schubunbewehrter Platten (Querkraft) nachgewiesen. Zwei Beispiele zeigen die praktische Anwendung an Plattenstreifen bzw. Flachdecken.
Transcatheter correction of sinus venosus defect in a patient with a challenging anatomical configuration: From bench testing to clinical success
Authors: Batteux Clement , Ciobotaru Vlad , Arditi William , Decante Benoit , Karsenty Clement , Combes Nicolas , Hascoet Sebastien
Published: November 2023

We report successful transcatheter correction of a sinus venosus defect in a 72‐year‐old woman with anomalous pulmonary venous return in a challenging anatomical configuration. The procedure was facilitated by hands‐on simulation training on a newly developed, perfused, 3D‐printed model.
Can Nitazoxanide and/or other anti‐viral medications be a solution to long COVID? Case report with a brief literature review
Authors: Stewart Denise D.
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Findings here imply lingering of virus, SARS‐CoV‐2, in the body for months. Thus, Nitazoxanide and/or other anti‐viral medications might be potential options to combat long COVID. This could transform treatment for long COVID patients globally.

Long COVID or post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) continues to affect many people even after a relatively mild acute illness. Underlying causes of PASC are poorly understood. There is no particular treatment or management program developed yet. Thus, the possibility of well‐known, safe anti‐viral medications use against PASC is proposed here.
Congenital mastoid‐isolated cholesteatoma in a 14‐year‐old boy
Authors: McKenna Dominic , Reddy Ekambar
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Congenital mastoid confined cholesteatoma is a very rare entity with only 30 reported cases worldwide. We describe the presentation and treatment of this condition in a 14‐year‐old boy, with maintenance of normal hearing and ear canal function.
Nonoperative management of biliopleural fistula following living‐donor liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Kazemi Kourosh , Rasekhi Alireza , Nazari Sahar Sohrabi , Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Shamsaeefar Alireza , Alikhani Mohammad , Akbari Ali , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Biliopleural fistula is a rare but serious complication after liver transplantation that should be managed nonoperatively with antibiotics, pleural drainage, decompression of high‐pressure biliary tract, or ultimately surgery in unresponsive cases.

Bilious pleural effusion is a rare entity often iatrogenic, following hepatobiliary surgeries and biliary interventions, and has been reported only in a limited number of patients after liver transplantation. A 5‐year‐old girl underwent living donor liver transplantation due to progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. At the 7th day of the postoperative course, due to increased liver enzymes and bilirubin levels and intrahepatic bile duct dilatation on sonography, Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreaticography followed by a liver biopsy were performed; the findings demonstrated moderate intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and moderate cellular rejection associated with mild cholestasis, respectively. The patient was therefore administered a pulse of methylprednisolone; however, due to fever, peritonitis and also sonographic evidence of infected biloma collection adjacent to the transplanted liver, the patient underwent surgery. Laparotomy and peritoneal washout were performed and a Jackson‐Pratt drain was inserted adjacent to the liver cut surface. Succeeding tachypnea on 28th post day, led to detection of right side massive pleural effusion on chest Xray and hence thoracostomy tube was inserted. A diagnosis of biliopleural fistula was established and broad‐spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy was started, followed by cholangiography, fistula closure, and bile duct stricture ballooning and internal‐external biliary catheter insertion. The patient was discharged in generally good condition on the 50th posttransplant day. The diagnosis of biliopleural fistula is facilitated with the utilization of chest imaging and pleural fluid analysis, however, a high index of suspicion is required.
An Autonomous Electrochemical Discovery Robot that Utilises Probabilistic Algorithms: Probing the Redox Behaviour of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Laws Kristine , Tze‐Kiat Ng Marcus , Sharma Abhishek , Jiang Yibin , Hammer Alexander J. S. , Cronin Leroy
Published: November 2023

The discovery of new electroactive materials is slow due to the large combinatorial chemical space of possible experiments. Efficient exploration of redox‐active chemical space requires a machine learning assisted robotic platform with real‐time feedback. Here, we developed a closed‐loop robotic platform which is capable of synthesis and electrochemical characterisation controlled using a probabilistic algorithm. This was used to probe the redox behaviour of different polyoxometalates (POMs) precursors and explore the formation of redox‐active coordination complexes. The system can run accurate analytical electrochemical measurements whilst maintaining the performance and accuracy of both the working and reference electrodes. The platform successfully ran and analysed 336 coordination chemistry reactions by performing ca. 2500 cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans for analysis and electrode cleaning. Overall, the platform carried out over 9900 operations in 350 hours at a rate of 28 operations per hour, and we identified 24 complex solutions which showed significantly different redox activity. Experiments were performed using a universal chemical synthesis language (χDL) with variable inputs. The platform was used autonomously to investigate a range of POM precursor materials demonstrating 45 % increase in capacitance. The experiments ran for 36 hours with more than 6400 operations during which we analysed 200 POM precursor solutions.
Natural‐Product‐Inspired Discovery of Trimethoxyphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolosulfonamides as Potent Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Rao Vajja Krishna , Ashtam Anvesh , Panda Dulal , Guchhait Sankar K.
Published: November 2023

An approach of natural product‐inspired strategy and incorporation of an NP‐privileged motif has been investigated for the discovery of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Two series, N‐Arylsulfonyl‐3‐arylamino‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives, and their isomers were considered. The compounds were synthesized by construction of the N‐aryl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diamine motif and sulfonylation. Although the chemo‐ and regioselectivity in sulfonylation were challenging due to multiple ring‐tautomerizable‐NH and exocyclic NH2 functionalities present in the molecular motifs, the developed synthetic method enabled the preparation of designed molecular skeletons with biologically important motifs. The approach also led to explore interesting molecular regio‐ and stereochemical aspects valuable for activity. The X‐ray crystallography study indicated that the hydrogen bonding between the arylamine‐NH and the arylsulfonyl‐“O” unit and appropriate molecular‐functionality topology allowed the cis‐locking of two aryls, which is important for tubulin‐binding and antiproliferative properties. All synthesized compounds majorly showed characteristic antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells (MCF‐7), and four compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activity. One compound potently bound to tubulin at the colchicine site and inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro. The compound significantly depolymerized microtubules in MCF‐7 cells, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, and induced cell death. This study represents the importance of the design strategy in medicinal chemistry and the molecular structural features relevant to anticancer anti‐tubulin properties. The explored molecules have the potential for further development.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the stenosed coronary artery taken from the clinical setting and modeled in terms of hemodynamics
Authors: Sonmez Fatin , Karagoz Sendogan , Yildirim Orhan , Firat Ilker
Published: November 2023

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of the artery with different pulse values and stenosis rates on the pressure drop, the peristaltic pump outlet pressure, fractional flow reserve (FFR) and most importantly the amount of power consumed by the peristaltic pump. For this purpose, images taken from the clinical environment were produced as models (10 mm inlet diameter) with 0% and 70% percent areal stenosis rates (PSR) on a three‐dimensional (3D) printer. In the experimental system, pure water was used as the fluid at 54, 84, 114, 132, and 168 bpm pulse values. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyzes of the test region were performed using experimental boundary conditions with the help of ANSYS‐Fluent software. The findings showed that as PSR increases in the arteries, the pressure drop in the stenosis region increases and this amount increases dramatically with increasing effort. An increase of approximately 40% was observed in the pump outlet pressure value from 54 bpm to 168 bpm in the PSR 0% model and 51% increase in the PSR 70% model. It has been observed that the pump does more work to overcome the increased pressure difference due to increased pulse rate and PSR. With the effect of contraction, the power consumption of the pump increased from 9.2% for 54 bpm to 13.8% for 168 bpm. In both models, the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) increased significantly. WSS increased abruptly in the stenosis and arcuate regions, while sudden decreases were observed in the flow separation region.
Clinical spectrum, etiology, and treatment response in neonatal autonomic seizures: A case series
Authors: Litten Robin M. , Patterson Amy L. , McGregor Amy L. , Mudigoudar Basanagoud , Chourasia Nitish
Published: November 2023

Background

Neonatal autonomic signs such as apnea, cyanosis, pallor, and desaturation rarely occur as isolated ictal phenomena and require a high degree of clinical suspicion in combination with continuous video electroencephalogram (vEEG) to establish a diagnosis.

Methods

We review the clinical profile, etiology, and treatment response in five neonates who presented with apnea as the primary seizure semiology.

Results

Ictal apneic episodes were confirmed on continuous vEEG in all five infants within 24–48 h of symptom onset. Seizure etiologies included structural, infectious, and genetic, including a neonate with ANKRD11‐associated KBG syndrome, in which ictal apnea has not been previously described. Acute seizures resolved in all neonates following treatment with a single or combination of antiseizure medications.

Conclusions

Abrupt onset and clustering episodes of apnea and oxygen desaturation in term infants should raise suspicion for epileptic seizures. Genetic testing should be considered as part of the diagnostic evaluation for autonomic seizures of unknown etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal autonomic seizures may lead to excellent treatment response in the acute setting.
Wild relatives of potato (Solanum L. sec. Petota) poorly sampled and unprotected in Colombia
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Reyes‐Herrera Paula H. , Sosa Chrystian C. , Torres Rosa T. , Manrique‐Carpintero Norma C. , Lasso‐Paredes Zahara , Cerón‐Souza Ivania , Yockteng Roxana
Published: November 2023

Wild potato relatives (Solanum L. sec. Petota) play a vital role in crop improvement, understanding crop evolution, and conserving potato diversity. However, these invaluable resources are often neglected and underutilized and are susceptible to threats such as climate change, urbanization, and agricultural expansion. Little is known about the diversity, conservation status, and distribution of wild potato species in Colombia. To address this gap, we assessed the conservation status of five wild potato relatives conserved in the ex situ Colombian Central Collection. Five species were analyzed for their spatial patterns of biodiversity, conservation status, and conservation gaps. Colombia was found to have six centers of species richness, four areas of endemism, and six biogeographical regions. Of the five native species, only one was classified as adequately conserved for ex situ conservation, while the other four were considered low priority. In contrast, for in situ conservation, three species showed high priority, one was classified as medium priority, and one as low priority. In light of these findings, we propose three conservation strategies: (1) conducting collection missions to increase accessions in the national germplasm bank, prioritizing high‐priority species; (2) identifying and protecting unprotected natural habitats and engaging stakeholders to enhance in situ conservation efforts; and (3) establishing regional community genebanks to ensure localized conservation efforts.
Phylogeography and climate shape the quantitative genetic landscape and range‐wide plasticity of a prevalent conifer
Authors: Voltas Jordi , Amigó Ramon , Shestakova Tatiana A. , di Matteo Giovanni , Díaz Raquel , Zas Rafael
Published: November 2023

The contribution of genetic adaptation and plasticity to intraspecific phenotypic variability remains insufficiently studied in long‐lived plants, as well as the relevance of neutral versus adaptive processes determining such divergence. We examined the importance of phylogeographic structure and climate in modulating genetic and plastic changes and their interdependence in fitness‐related traits of a widespread Mediterranean conifer (Pinus pinaster). Four marker‐based, previously defined neutral classifications along with two ad hoc climate‐based categorizations of 123 range‐wide populations were analyzed for their capacity to summarize genetic and plastic effects of height growth and survival (age 20) in 15 common gardens. The plasticity of tree height and differential survival were interpreted through mixed modeling accounting for heteroscedasticity in the genotype‐by‐environment dataset. The analysis revealed a slight superiority of phylogeographic classifications over climate categorizations on the explanation of genetic and plastic effects, which suggests that neutral processes can be at least as important as isolation by climate as a driving factor of evolutionary divergence in a prevalent pine. The best phylogeographic classification involved eight geographically discrete genetic groups, which explained 92% (height) and 52% (survival) of phenotypic variability, including between‐group mean differentiation and differential expression across trials. For height growth, there was high predictability of plastic group responses described by different reaction norm slopes, which were unrelated to between‐group mean differentiation. The latter differences (amounting to ca. 40% among groups) dominated intraspecific performance across trials. Local adaptation was evident for genetic groups tested in their native environments in terms of tree height and, especially, survival. This finding was supported by QST > FST estimates. Additionally, our range‐wide evaluation did not support a general adaptive syndrome by which less reactive groups to ameliorated conditions would be associated with high survival and low growth. In fact, a lack of relationship between mean group differentiation, indicative of genetic adaptation, and predictable group plasticity for height growth suggests different evolutionary trajectories of these mechanisms of phenotypic divergence. Altogether, the existence of predictable adaptive‐trait phenotypic variation for the species, involving both genetic differentiation and plastic effects, should facilitate integrating genomics and environment into decision‐making tools to assist forests in coping with climate change.
Anthropometric failure and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Meseret Tamrat , Sisay Assefa Legesse , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera
Published: November 2023

Undernutrition in childhood is a crucial public health issue in Ethiopia. Yet, more than an assessment of undernutrition using conventional index is needed to conclude the overall prevalence of undernutrition among children aged 6–23 months. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition using composite index of anthropometric failure and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Southwest Ethiopia. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was employed among 440 mother–child pairs selected using a two‐stage cluster sampling method in the rural Kersa district, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with undernutrition. Variables with a p‐value of <.05 were considered statistically significant. The proportion of undernutrition using composite indexes of anthropometric failure was 57.3% among children aged 6–23 months. Children being male [AOR = 1.55; 95% CI (1.013, 2.373)], not met minimum acceptable diet (MAD) [AOR = 2.104; 95% CI (1.05, 4.214)], larger family size [AOR = 1.699; 95% CI (1.0791, 2.675)], having comorbidity [AOR = 3.31; 95% CI (2.068, 5.327)], and being in food insecurity household [AOR = 3.12; 95% CI (2.0, 4.868)] were more likely to be in anthropometric failure, whereas children from the mother who attended higher and above schooling [AOR = 0.244; 95% CI (0.093, 0.641)] were less likely to be in anthropometric failure. More than half of children aged 6–23 months were experienced anthropometric failure. Male children, those who have not received the MAD, come from larger families, have comorbidities, live in food‐insecure households, and have mothers with higher education levels were found to be at higher risk of anthropometric failure.
A Preliminary Assessment of Global CO2: Spatial Patterns, Temporal Trends, and Policy Implications
Authors: EI Kenawy Ahmed M. , Al‐Awadhi Talal , Abdullah Meshal , Jawarneh Rana , Abulibdeh Ammar
Published: November 2023

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the distribution, evolution, and driving factors of CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2016 at multiple spatial scales. Utilizing 26 indicators encompassing various facets of CO2 emissions, it is employed principal component analysis (PCA) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to identify the dominant characteristics of global CO2 emissions. This model retained three core components, accounting for 93% of the global CO2 variation, reflecting emission trajectories and associated economic metrics, such as Gross domestic product (GDP). The analysis differentiated the effects of these components based on countries' economic standings. Using a novel aggregated index, significant national contributors to global CO2 emissions are pinpointed. Notably, the leading contributors are found among developed nations (e.g., the United States, Canada, Japan), Gulf states (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Qatar), and emerging economies (e.g., China, Brazil, Mexico). Furthermore, these results highlight that shifts in global CO2 emissions over the past 30 years are predominantly influenced by factors like industrial emissions and GDP. Results also demonstrate a distinct relationship between a country's CO2 emissions and its physical and socioeconomic factors. Specifically, the nation's coastline length, population density in coastal regions, and the diversity of its climatic conditions significantly influence its carbon footprint.
Addressing neglected tropical diseases in Africa: A gender perspective
Authors: Shomuyiwa Deborah O. , George Nsikakabasi S. , Sunday Blessing A. , Omotayo Faith O. , Mwaba Martha , David Success C. , Nabiryo Maxencia , Yangaza Yonah
Published: November 2023

This article delves into the interplay of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within Africa, spotlighting gender disparities in NTD programs. NTDs, impacting marginalized communities, impose considerable physical, mental, and social burdens. The article underscores NTDs as equity markers for SDGs, spotlighting gender‐based imbalances in disease susceptibility, treatment accessibility, and health‐seeking tendencies. Gender's influence on NTD risks is elucidated, emphasizing the heightened susceptibility of women due to socioeconomic constraints, cultural dynamics, and gender norms. The article also highlights the absence of gender considerations in NTD programs, advocating for gender‐integrated strategies, enhanced data collection, and collaborative partnerships to rectify these inequities. By embracing a gender‐equity approach, the article underscores the necessity of gender‐balanced NTD efforts for comprehensive health, sustainable development, and gender parity, demanding cohesive actions across sectors.
Width measurement of retinal vessels using cubic spline fitting and extended edge‐searching mode
Authors: Huang Linyuan , Liu Feng
Published: November 2023

Abnormal changes in the retinal vessel width usually indicate the presence of certain diseases. This paper presents a novel model to measure the width of retinal vessels. This method firstly employs cubic spline fitting to determine the vessel cross‐sectional direction at the center point of a vessel profile, then uses the extended edge‐searching mode to detect vessel edge points along the vessel cross‐sectional direction, and finally obtains the width value by calculating the distance between the edge point and the center point. The method can accurately locate vessel edge points and successfully solve the problem of central light reflex in blood vessels. Experimental analyses on a publicly available database show that the proposed approach has excellent performance in accuracy with other existing measurement techniques. It provides an effective idea for analyzing morphological changes in blood vessels and can be extended to obtain the shape features of other objects.
Examination of the Binding Ability of Bovine Spermatozoa to the Zona Pellucida as an Indicator of Fertility
Authors: BRAUNDMEIER ANDREA G. , DEMERS JILL M. , SHANKS ROGER D. , SAACKE RICHARD G. , MILLER DAVID J.
Published: November 2023

Despite the development of many new techniques, laboratory assays still do not predict male fertility accurately. To identify targets for laboratory assessment, we first need to determine which steps in fertilization are most often defective in subfertile males. We developed a competitive in vitro fertilization assay in which spermatozoa from 2 different males, stained with different lipophilic dyes, are incubated together with oocytes in a droplet. By exposing mixed spermatozoa to the same oocytes, this assay controls for many of the variables of in vitro fertilization and should allow identification of the most common faulty steps in fertilization. The relationship of zona‐binding ability to fertility is controversial. Therefore, as a first step, we determined if zona pellucida‐binding ability, measured by this competitive assay, was related to bovine sper‐matozoal fertility. Fertility data were collected from 2 groups of bulls by 2 means of evaluation, nonreturn to estrus rates postinsemination and competitive insemination. In the nonreturn to estrus study, semen samples from 15 bulls were effectively ranked by zona‐binding ability, using pairwise competitive in vitro zona‐binding assays (R2 = 0.84). However, this ranking was not significantly correlated with nonreturn rates (r = −0.04). In the competitive insemination study, semen samples from 8 bulls were effectively ranked by pairwise comparison using the competitive zona‐binding assay (R2 = 0.67). Again, this ranking was not significantly correlated to the competitive insemination index calculated for these bulls (r = 0.29). In the third study, we tested 3 bulls to determine if in vivo zona binding, assessed by the number of accessory spermatozoa, was correlated with in vitro zona binding. The number of accessory spermatozoa on oocytes recovered from cows after mating was not correlated with in vitro competitive binding of the spermatozoa. In conclusion, in vitro competitive zona binding was not correlated with bovine fertility or binding of accessory spermatozoa to oocytes in vivo.
Prostate Epithelial Expression of a Novel Androgen Target Gene
Authors: SINGH JASKIRAT , YOUNG LEI , HANDELSMAN DAVID J. , DONG QIHAN
Published: November 2023

To better understand the role of androgens in prostate development and disease it is important to characterize androgen‐regulated genes in the prostate. Using suppression subtractive hybridization between congenitally androgen‐deficient (hpg) and androgen‐replaced hpg mouse prostates, we have cloned a novel androgen up‐regulated gene from mouse prostate (AUMP). The messenger RNA sequence of AUMP consists of 805 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 408 base pairs. In non‐hpg mice with normal androgen levels, AUMP is selectively expressed in the prostate, as shown by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis of 9 organs. Depletion of androgens via castration of mature mice resulted in loss of AUMP expression, whereas testosterone replacement restored it. Tissue in situ hybridization localized AUMP expression to the luminal epithelial cells of the androgen‐sufficient prostate. Database searches indicate that AUMP codes for a novel protein that shares approximately 65% similarity and 35% identity to palmitoyl protein thioes‐terase of human, rat, mouse, and bovine. A motif for protein‐transport protein, which promotes translocation as well as integration of secretory proteins into membrane, is also present. Further efforts will be made to obtain the human homologue of AUMP that will enable evaluation of its role in normal and diseased human prostate.
Keeping creativity in English education: A review of Creativity in the English Curriculum: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Rodriguez Christina
Published: November 2023

This article provides a book review of Creativity in the English Curriculum: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions by Lorna Smith. Smith's work provides a robust chronology of how the concept of creativity has evolved across education policy documents since the inception of subject English in the late 19th century to its current state in England's National Curriculum. It also presents aspirational conceptions of child‐centered and humanistic learning that both stem from the origins of subject English and can inform new generations of imaginative English education and research, for which educators and professionals within and adjacent to English education in England and in other national contexts can benefit.
Progress of biodegradable polymer application in cardiac occluders
Authors: Xu Qiteng , Fa Hongge , Yang Ping , Wang Qinzheng , Xing Quansheng
Published: November 2023

Cardiac septal defect is the most prevalent congenital heart disease and is typically treated with open‐heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Since the 1990s, with the advancement of interventional techniques and minimally invasive transthoracic closure techniques, cardiac occluder implantation represented by the Amplazter products has been the preferred treatment option. Currently, most occlusion devices used in clinical settings are primarily composed of Nitinol as the skeleton. Nevertheless, long‐term follow‐up studies have revealed various complications related to metal skeletons, including hemolysis, thrombus, metal allergy, cardiac erosion, and even severe atrioventricular block. Thus, occlusion devices made of biodegradable materials have become the focus of research. Over the past two decades, several bioabsorbable cardiac occluders for ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect have been designed and trialed on animals or humans. This review summarizes the research progress of bioabsorbable cardiac occluders, the advantages and disadvantages of different biodegradable polymers used to fabricate occluders, and discusses future research directions concerning the structures and materials of bioabsorbable cardiac occluders.