bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI PAJAK SARANG BURUNG WALET DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DI KABUPATEN TOLI – TOLI
Authors: Budiawan Shella
Published: July 2022

Permasalahan yang diangkat pada penelitian ini yaitu, bagaimana kontribusi penerimaan pajak sarang burung walet terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Tolitoli. Oleh sebab itu melalui penelitian ini penulis bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana kontribusi penerimaan pajak sarang burung walet terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Tolitoli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi penerimaan pajak sarang burung walet terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Tolitoli yang diperoleh setiap tahunnya masih dibawah 10% dengan kreterian sangat kurang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya tingkat kepedulian pemerintah dalam membina dan mengembangkan potensi pajak sarang burung wallet tersebut serta minimnya kesadaran wajib pajak terhadap kewajiban pajaknya dan masih banyaknya pengusaha sarang burung wallet yang terkesan masih menutupi usahanya dalam pendataan serta tidak adanya keterbukaan wajib pajak mengenai hasil usaha pengambilan sarang burung wallet. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat kontribusi pajak sarang burung wallet pada tahun 2018 adalah sebesar  0,3171%, pada tahun 2019 adalah sebesar 0,2780%, dan pada tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 0,2542% dengan kategori sangat kurang dalam tiga tahun terakhir.
Determinan Laba Bersih pada Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah di Kota Langsa
Authors: Zulkarnain Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah merupakan bank yang ada di daerah-daerah dengan tujuan membantu masyarakat yang membutuhkan pendanaan usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari total aset, modal, pembiayaan dan dana pihak ketiga terhadap laba bersih perusahaan perbankan. Sampel penelitian terdirid ari dua Bank Pembiayaan  Rakyat Syariah di Kota Langsa dengan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dari tahun 2013-2020. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik, persamaan regresi linier berganda, uji koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa total aset, modal berpengaruh positif pembiayaan dan dana pihak tetiga berpengaruh negatif terhadap laba bersih. Hasil uji sig untuk total aset signifikan terhadap laba bersih sementara modal, pembiayaan dan dana pihak ketiga tidak signifikan terhadap laba bersih.
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING PADA RANCANGAN PENGELOLAAN PERSEDIAAN DI TFME POLITEKNIK NEGERI BATAM
Authors: Zelmiyanti Riri , Adi Wibowo Seto Sulaksono , Wirawab Adhitomo , Fajrin Aulia
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide a design for inventory management at the Teaching Factory Manufacture Electronics (TFME) Batam State Polytechnic with a Project-Based Learning (PBL) review. In addition, this study also applies inventory recording in the second basic financial accounting course (AKD2). This study uses qualitative methods with exploratory and descriptive research classifications. The method of collecting data in this research is by direct interviews with the informants. Researchers also made direct observations in the field and collected the necessary data from the main data sources. The results of this study indicate the importance of managing inventory in TFME, one way of managing inventory is by making an inventory card. The inventory card design that has been made is expected to be able to control inventory and the inventory card is designed to be very easy to use, for the use of an inventory card, consistency is needed from all parties involved
Tratamento de lesões nos pés de pessoas com diabetes mellitus no cenário brasileiro: revisão integrativa
Authors: ARAUJO THIAGO MOURA , SILVEIRA FILHO MANOEL LUIZ DA , BRANDÃO MARIA GIRLANE Sousa Albuquerque , PONTE VANESSA AGUIAR
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Pessoas com diabetes mellitus são mais suscetíveis a lesões cutâneas, ulceração e infecção no pé. Essas complicações são causas frequentes de internação hospitalar e elevados custos em saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os tratamentos para o pé diabético na realidade brasileira. Método: Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura por meio de busca nas bases de dados  PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science e EMBASE, baseada no método preconizado em seis etapas e construída conforme a metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Dois pesquisadores independentes realizaram a combinação de descritores Diabetic foot AND Therapeutics AND Brazil, em outubro de 2020. Foram examinados artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Dos artigos selecionados, extraíram-se as informações: base de dados, autor, ano de publicação, desenho de pesquisa, tratamento e principais resultados. Resultados: Dentre os 257 artigos inicialmente identificados, foram selecionados 15. A laserterapia (26,66%), seguida da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (13,33%) foram as formas de tratamento para pé diabético mais abordadas nos estudos brasileiros. Outras terapêuticas também foram encontradas. Todas as formas de tratamento para o pé diabético mostraram efeitos positivos sobre o processo de cicatrização da ferida, reduzindo sua extensão, área de tecido desvitalizado e a dor referida. Conclusão: a terapia com laser e a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica tem sido as principais formas de tratamento testadas e implementadas na realidade brasileira por pesquisadores e profissionais de saúde.
Classical coprological methods for diagnosing animal parasitosis
Authors: Arisov M. , Panova O. , Khrustalev A. , Kurnosova O. , Sysoeva N. , Glamazdin I.
Published: July 2022

В учебно-методическом пособии изложены методы прижизненной диагностики паразитозов животных, а именно классические методы копрологической диагностики с учетом современных рекомендаций и предложений. Приведены основные возбудители разных видов животных, которые диагностируются при исследовании фекалий, их морфологические и дифференциально-диагностические параметры. Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 36.05.01 – Ветеринария: специалистов, бакалавров и магистров, для аспирантов, проходящим подготовку в области ветеринарии и паразитологии в качестве дополнительной учебной литературы к проводимым занятиям; для практикующих специалистов пособие подойдет для самостоятельного изучения и применения методов и подходов на практике.
On the Advantages of Simulation based Approach in Engineering
Authors: Ören Tuncer
Published: July 2022

This brief note highlights the vital role of simulation-based experimentation and simulation-based experience in several aspect of engineering. Only the outlines and several references are given where additional references can also be found.
Transfer of Motor Skills from Virtual Reality to Real Environment
Authors: G Behrouz
Published: July 2022

Aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transfer of motor skills from Virtual Reality (VR) to Real Environment (RE). Methodology: participants included students who were divided into two groups of VR and RE according to their pre-test scores. Findings: The results of ANOVA with repeated measurements and MANOVA depicted significant improvement is both groups at the learning phase. Moreover, the positive transfer and lateral transfer from right hand to the left hand in table tennis were happened in both groups. Conclusion: sometimes, even better than the “RE”, VR can be an efficient tool in learning and teaching motor skills as it acquires easy modifiable setting.
The Effect of Regular Physical Activity in Water with and without Ginger Supplementation on Adiponectin Levels in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ozrudi Mohammadbagher Forghani
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular physical activity in water with and without ginger supplementation on adiponectin levels in women with breast cancer. The population of the study, 98 women with a mean age of breast cancer patients (48±8.5), weight (76±9)kg and fat mass (8.41±4) formed that voluntarily participated in this study that 40 people of them were selected as sample. subjects were randomly divided into four groups (Group 1: placebo, Group 2: Selected exercises in water placebo, Group 3 and Group 4 supplementation Ginger: Ginger supplements selected exercises in water) were divided into groups of ginger supplements and exercise The Water Department ginger supplements daily for 6 weeks orally 4 capsules (750mg) were used. Programs supplement group ginger exercise and water exercise group placebo juice containing a combination of increased intensity and distance training, with 50% to 75% heart rate reserve for 60 to 75 minutes in a pool with a width of 15 meters and a depth of 4m, 4 times a week 6 weeks was performed. Fasting blood samples were collected at pre-test and post-test. The result of the study All findings using the statistical software in SPSS23 and evaluated p<0.05. Ginger supplements or exercise in water increase adiponectin was compared to baseline. However, the exercise group in water exercise with ginger showed a much better effect on the inflammatory marker adiponectin and blood, than the exercise group in water with placebo or the ginger group alone. The findings show that a protective effect of non-pharmacological strategies such as exercise in water and plant anti-inflammatory agents such as ginger has been detected in inflammatory and metabolic responses in obese women with breast cancer.
violencia indígena en un texto criollo del siglo XVII novohispano
Authors: Fernández Ángel José , Castillo Hernández Estela
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo, revisamos diversos aspectos relativos al papel que desempeñaron los indígenas (estructura, acciones, violencia) en el tumulto ocurrido en la Ciudad de México en 1692, según la obra Alboroto y motín, escrita por el novohispano Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora; asimismo, nos centramos en la postura verídica o simulada que observó Sigüenza y Góngora al momento de narrar su participación en la revuelta.
Computational Drug Discovery in Patients with Endometriosis-Induced Infertility via Text Mining and Biomedical Databases
Authors: Lin Yingying , Chen Zhiwei , Huang Jianping , Fang Jiaoning , Qi Yuanjie , Xie Li , Li Hua , Chen Li
Published: July 2022

Background: Endometriosis (EMT) is the most common benign gynecological disease among women of reproductive age, causing infertility and seriously affects women’s physical and mental health. However, the current treatment was not always effective. This study was designed to use publicly available data to identify drugs targeting the relevant gene with EMT-induced-infertility using computational tools. Methods: EMT and infertility genes were determined by text mining, and the GeneCodis program was used to analyzed gene ontology of the intersection of the two gene sets. A string database was used to analyze the protein-protein interaction network. The Drug-Gene Interaction database is queried for the rich gene set belonging to the identified pathways to find drug candidates that can be used in EMT-induced infertility. Results: Our analysis identified 550 genes common to both the EMT and infertility by text mining. Gene enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis found 39 genes potentially targetable by a total of 49 drugs that could be formulated for application, which have not been used in EMT-induced infertility. Conclusions: The findings from the present analysis can facilitate the Identification of existing drugs that have the potential of topical administration to improve EMT-induced infertility and present tremendous opportunities to study novel targets pharmacology using in silico text mining and pathway analysis tools. However, all the results were based on online bioinformatics databases, and as such require validation experiments. And some of the drugs highlighted as possibly relevant may be toxic and as such safely data is required before any experiments are undertaken in humans.
An Update Review of the Pathogenesis Hypothesis in Preeclampsia
Authors: Lian Rui , Zhu Bao-Sheng , Zeng Xi
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Hypertensive disorders occur in approximately 12% to 22% of pregnancies and cause substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality of both mother and fetus. Hypertensive disease is directly responsible for approximately 20% of maternal deaths and can be classified as chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia-eclampsia, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. At present, the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is still unclear, we wrote this article to make a uptodate review of this disease. Mechanism: A comprehensive search of several databases was conducted from inception up to March 2022. The searched databases were Web of Science, MEDLINE,Ovid, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search strategy included the combinations of the following medical terms: Hypertensive disorders; preeclampsia; mechanism; pathogenesis hypothesis. Findings in Brief: At present,the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is still unclear, the theory of Genetic,Inflammatory Response, Immune Imbalance in Maternal-Fetal Interface, Oxidative Stress, Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage are supposed involved in the progress of preeclampsia. Conclusions: Although there are various theories mentioned above, none of the hypothesis can fully explain preeclampsia. More research is needed on the mechanism of preeclampsia.
Landscape of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer (2000–2021): A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Yu Chaoran , Zhao Feng , Xu Hua , Zhu Chenfang , Li Yousheng
Published: July 2022

Background: Breast cancer remains one of the leading malignancies in women with distinct clinical heterogeneity and intense multidisciplinary cooperation. Remarkable progresses have been made in artificial intelligence (AI). A bibliometric analysis was taken to characterize the current picture of development of AI in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Search process was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection database with analysis and visualization performed by R software, VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Gephi. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a machine learning based algorithm, was used for analysis of topic terms. Results: A total of 511 publications in the field of AI in breast cancer were retrieved between 2000 to 2021. A total of 103 publications were from USA with 2482 citations, making USA the leading country in the field of AI in breast cancer, followed by China. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Peking Univ, Sichuan Univ, ScreenPoint Med BV, Lund Univ, Duke Univ, Univ Chicago, Harvard Med Sch and Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr were the leading institutions in the field of AI in breast cancer. AI, breast cancer and classification, mammography were the leading keywords. LDA topic modeling identified top fifty topics relating the AI in breast cancer. A total of five primary clusters were found within the network of fifty topics, including radiology feature, lymph node diagnosis and model, pathological tissue and image, dataset classification and machine learning, gene expression and survival. Conclusions: This research depicted AI studies in breast cancer and presented insightful topic terms with future perspective.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients on Chronic Dialysis and Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation: A Common Clinical Impasse
Authors: Ktenopoulos Nikolaos , Sagris Marios , Theofilis Panagiotis , Lionaki Sophia , Rallidis Loukianos S.
Published: July 2022

The most frequent arrhythmia treated is atrial fibrillation (AF), which necessitates the use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) to reduce the risk of thromboembolism and stroke. Patients with chronic kidney disease are more likely to develop AF, with a 10% frequency among those on chronic dialysis. Warfarin is the most widely prescribed OAC for individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). On the other hand, direct OACs (DOACs) are generally safer than warfarin, with fewer fatal bleeding events and a fixed dose that does not require close international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring. For those patients, warfarin and apixaban appear to be FDA-approved, whereas dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban are not recommended yet. Due to a lack of large randomized studies, data from major trials cannot be extended to dialysis patients. In this review, we summarize the available data and literature referring to patients on chronic hemodialysis with concomitant AF. Due to the scarcity of data, we try to assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate therapy according to the specific characteristics of each patient. Finally, future directions are provided in two key areas of focus: left atrial appendage closure therapies and genetic research.
A Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis in Adults
Authors: Guo Hongliang , Sun Lei , Shen Xiaoran , Hu Wenli
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic points and treatment modes of the clinical characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the middle-aged and elderly population. Methods: Six patients aged 47–72 who were diagnosed with JE at the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated with the Capital Medical University between August 2018 and September 2019 were enrolled in the study. Their clinical manifestations, biochemical indicators, imaging data, diagnostic methods, and the evolution and outcomes of the treatments they underwent were retrospectively analyzed. Results: (1) All six patients had severe clinical symptoms and poor prognoses that were more likely to be associated with other systemic diseases. (2) Lesions were most commonly distributed in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and midbrain. The appearance of hyperintensity in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and subcortical white matter was more specific. The hyperperfusion metabolism in the lesion area in head computed tomography perfusion imaging indicated the state of inflammatory activity in the lesion. In cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) were more sensitive. (3) After a patient has been systematically treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient gradually recovered and the level of consciousness improved (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In brain MRI—especially T2 and FLAIR—intracranial infection is often accompanied by abnormal signals in the thalamus, midbrain, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH), which is highly suggestive of JE. The positive detection of anti-JE virus immunoglobulin M antibodies in a patient’s serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid can confirm the diagnosis of JE, and comprehensive ICU treatment (hormones combined with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and mild hypothermic cerebral protection therapies) can improve the survival rate.
Higher Depression Scores in Patients with Drug-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Panov Georgi
Published: July 2022

Background: Schizophrenia is a mental illness with diverse clinical presentation, in which a significant proportion of patients show resistance to treatment. In patients with schizophrenia, symptoms from all psychotic and affective spectra are observed. On the one hand, affective symptoms determine the clinical course of schizophrenia and on the other hand, depressive symptoms are some of the most common ones in psychiatry in general. These data give us reason to explore the impact of depressive symptoms on the course of schizophrenia and its relationship with resistance to treatment. Method: A study of 105 patients with schizophrenia was performed. Of these, 39 were male and 66 were female. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment carried out at 12 weeks of therapy showed that 45 were resistant to schizophrenia and the remaining 60 were in clinical remission. The clinical evaluation of the patients was performed with the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) scales. The assessment of depressive complaints was conducted with the Hamilton Depression Scale. Results: Our study showed that in the analysis of depressive complaints with the Hamilton scale females got 12.55 points, and males got 11.44 points. We found a correlation of depressive complaints with the evaluation on the PANSS and BPRS scales, and in the analysis on the individual subscales we found a correlation on the subscale for positive and disorganized symptoms and no correlation on the scale for negative symptoms. We established a difference in the level of depression in patients with resistance in whom the level of depressive complaints was 13.82, while in those in clinical remission it was 10.87 points. Conclusions: The level of depressive symptoms in patients with resistant schizophrenia is higher than in clinical remission. Depressive symptoms correlate with positive and disorganized symptoms on the PANSS scale, but not with negative symptoms. Gender is not a determining factor in depressive complaints.
Integrated Information Coefficient Estimated from Neuronal Activity in Hippocampus-Amygdala Complex of Rats as a Measure of Learning Success
Authors: Nazhestkin Ivan A. , Svarnik Olga E.
Published: July 2022

Background: The goal of the brain is to provide right on time a suitable earlier-acquired model for the future behavior. How a complex structure of neuronal activity underlying a suitable model is selected or fixated is not well understood. Here we propose the integrated information Φ as a possible metric for such complexity of neuronal groups. It quantifies the degree of information integration between different parts of the brain and is lowered when there is a lack of connectivity between different subsets in a system. Methods: We calculated integrated information coefficient (Φ) for activity of hippocampal and amygdala neurons in rats during acquisition of two tasks: spatial task followed by spatial aversive task. An Autoregressive Φ algorithm was used for time-series spike data. Results: We showed that integrated information coefficient Φ is positively correlated with a metric of learning success (a relative number of rewards). Φ for hippocampal neurons was positively correlated with Φ for amygdalar neurons during the learning requiring the cooperative work of hippocampus and amygdala. Conclusions: This result suggests that integrated information coefficient Φ may be used as a prediction tool for the suitable level of complexity of neuronal activity and the future success in learning and adaptation and a tool for estimation of interactions between different brain regions during learning.
Adaptation of Optokinetic Reflex by Training with Different Frequency and Amplitude
Authors: Pham Ngoc Chien , Kim Yong Gyu , Kim Sang Jeong , Kim Chang-Hee
Published: July 2022

Background: Although the occurrence of optokinetic reflex (OKR) adaptation after OKR training is well established, the dynamic properties of OKR adaptation has not been fully studied. This study aimed to examine the difference in the amount of OKR adaptation according to OKR training protocols which have different frequency or amplitude of drum oscillation. Methods: Using C57BL/6N male mice, we induced OKR adaptation by 3 different categories of learning paradigm as follows: (1) Optokinetic drum oscillation for 60 min with same amplitude and different frequency. (2) Optokinetic drum oscillation for 60 min with same frequency and different amplitude. (3) Training with serial combination of different frequency or amplitude. Results: The results show that the amount of OKR adaptation was greater after OKR training with lower frequency or amplitude than that with higher frequency or amplitude. Conclusions: This finding may suggest that the retinal slip signal with lower-velocity OKR stimulation serves as more precise instructive signal for learning, leading to induction of more efficient training effect. Another interesting finding was that the OKR gain increase tended to be greater after training composed of sequential combination of decreasing frequency or amplitude than that composed of sequential combination of increasing frequency or amplitude. Furthermore, the OKR training with high frequency or amplitude eliminated a part of learning effects which have already formed by previous training. We postulate that the stimulation during training with high frequency or amplitude may implement a disturbing instruction for OKR learning when it is conducted in mice with increased OKR gain after previous OKR training.
Physical Activity as a Clinical Tool against Depression: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chen Chen , Beaunoyer Elisabeth , Guitton Matthieu J. , Wang Jing
Published: July 2022

Depression is a major public health issue in numerous countries, with around 300 million people worldwide suffering from it. Typically, depressed patients are treated with antidepressants or psychological therapy or a combination of both. However, there are some limitations associated with these therapies and as a result, over the past decades a number of alternative or complementary therapies have been developed. Exercise is one such option that is supported by published extensive basic and clinical research data. The aim of this review was to examine the beneficial effects of exercise in depression. Physical activity and exercise have been shown to be effective in treating mild-to-moderate depression and in reducing mortality and symptoms of major depression. However, physical activity and exercise are still underused in clinical practice. This review attempts to propose a framework to help clinicians in their decision-making process, how to incorporate physical activity in their toolkit of potential therapeutic responses for depressed patients. We first summarize the interactions between depression and physical activities, with a particular focus on the potential antidepressant physiological effects of physical activity. We then identify some of the barriers blocking physical activity from being used to fight depression. Finally, we present several perspectives and ideas that can help in optimizing mitigation strategies to challenge these barriers, including actions on physical activity representations, ways to increase the accessibility of physical activity, and the potential of technology to help both clinicians and patients.
Cdc42 Promotes Axonogenesis of Primary Hippocampal Neurons by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β
Authors: Li Yu-Ting , Chen Fang-Zheng , Chen Wei , Zhu Hui-Ming , Chen Yu , Li Zhen-Lin , Yan Fang , Liu Zhong-Ying , Dong Wei-Ren , Zhang Lin , Wang Hai-Hong
Published: July 2022

Background: Progressive axon degeneration is a common pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family that participates in axonogenesis. GSK-3β is a serine/threonine kinase highly implicated in neuronal development and neurodegeneration. This study aimed to examine whether cdc42 promotes axonogenesis by regulating GSK-3β activity. Methods: Hippocampal neurons were isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats and transfected with designated plasmid vectors to alter the activities of cdc42 and GSK-3β. LiCl treatment was used to inhibit the GSK-3β activity in primary neurons. GSK-3β activity was determined by an enzyme activity assay kit. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect axons stained with anti-Tau-1 antibody and dendrites stained with anti-MAP2 antibody. Results: Transfection with an active cdc42 mutant (cdc42F28L) decreased the activity of GSK-3β and induced axonogenesis in primary rat hippocampal neurons, while transfection with a negative cdc42 mutant (cdc42N17) resulted an opposite effect. Moreover, transfection with plasmid vectors carrying wild-type GSK-3β or a constitutively active GSK3β mutant (GSK-3β S9A) increased the activity of GSK-3β and attenuated axonogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons with excessive cdc42 activity, whereas inhibition of GSK-3β by LiCl abolished the inhibitory effect of the negative cdc42 mutant on axonogenesis. Conclusions: This study suggests that cdc42 induces axonogenesis of primary rat hippocampal neurons via inhibiting GSK-3β activity. These findings support further investigation into the mechanisms of cdc42/GSK-3β-mediated axonogenesis.
Olive Oil Phenolics and Platelets—From Molecular Mechanisms to Human Studies
Authors: Katsa Maria Efthymia , Nomikos Tzortzis
Published: July 2022

Chronically activated, dysfunctional platelets mediate the progression of the majority of non-communicable diseases in a pleiotropic fashion. Antiplatelet therapy remains an attractive therapeutic means which however hasn’t reached the expected targets according to the promising preclinical studies. It is therefore obvious that the consumption of foods demonstrating antiplatelet activity may be a less drastic but on the other hand a more sustainable way of achieving daily antiplatelet therapy, either alone or in combination with antiplatelet drugs. Olive oil is probably the main cardioprotective component of the Mediterranean Diet according to the results of observational and dietary intervention studies. Among all phytochemicals of olive oil, its unique phenolics seems to be responsible for the majority of its cardioprotective properties. This review article aims to highlight the platelet modulating roles of olive oil polyphenols, trying to critically assess whether those properties could partially explain the cardioprotective role of olive oil. The cellular and animal studies clearly show that extra virging olive oil (EVOO) phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol, are able to inhibit the activation of platelets induced by several endogenous agonists and pathologies. However, the outcomes of the pre-clinical studies are difficult to be translated to humans mainly because the dosages and the chemical forms of the phenolics used to these studies are much higher and different to that found in human circulation. Despite the heterogeneity of the few human trials on the field so far, the results are promising showing that EVOO can exert antiplatelet actions in real, acute or long-term, trials and at least part of this antiplatelet action can be attributed to the phenolic content of EVOOs. Although we clearly need better, well-powered studies to give certain answers on this field the antiplatelet properties of olive oil phenolics is a promising, emerging mechanism which may explain some of the health properties of EVOO and the Mediterranean Diet.
Artificial Intelligence in Echocardiography: The Time is Now
Authors: Sehly Amro , Jaltotage Biyanka , He Albert , Maiorana Andrew , Ihdayhid Abdul Rahman , Rajwani Adil , Dwivedi Girish
Published: July 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has impacted every aspect of clinical medicine, and is predicted to revolutionise diagnosis, treatment and patient care. Through novel machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, AI has made significant grounds in cardiology and cardiac investigations, including echocardiography. Echocardiography is a ubiquitous tool that remains first-line for the evaluation of many cardiovascular diseases, with large data sets, objective parameters, widespread availability and an excellent safety profile, it represents the perfect candidate for AI advancement. As such, AI has firmly made its stamp on echocardiography, showing great promise in training, image acquisition, interpretation and analysis, diagnostics, prognostication and phenotype development. However, there remain significant barriers in real-world clinical application and uptake of AI derived algorithms in echocardiography, most importantly being the lack of clinical outcome studies. While AI has been shown to match or even best its human counterparts, an improvement in real world outcomes remains to be established. There are also legal and ethical concerns that hinder its progress. Large outcome focused trials and a collaborative multi-disciplinary effort will be necessary to push AI into the clinical workspace. Despite this, current and emerging trials suggest that these systems will undoubtedly transform echocardiography, improving clinical utility, efficiency and training.
Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Kawasaki Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Xiaona , Wu Dan , Song Guang
Published: July 2022

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a well-known systemic inflammatory vasculitis. Endothelial dysfunction is one of most easily overlooked non-coronary complications of KD. Several studies have assessed endothelial dysfunction using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), and biomarkers (E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)). However, the results were inconsistent and incomplete. Methods: We searched five databases for eligible studies until March 8, 2022. The summarized weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for FMD, NMD, and four biomarkers level between KD and healthy children. A meta-analysis with subgroup analysis was conducted. Results: 40 studies with a total of 2670 children (1665 KD patients and 1005 healthy children) were identified. During the acute phase, KD patients had lower FMD compared to the control group (WMD = –10.39, 95% CI: –13.80– –6.98). During the subacute phase, KD patients had lower FMD compared to the control group (WMD = –15.07, 95% CI: –17.61– –12.52). During the convalescence phase, KD patients had lower FMD and similar NMD compared to the control group (WMD = –4.95, 95% CI: –6.32– –3.58; WMD = –0.92, 95% CI: –2.39–0.55, respectively). During the convalescence phase, those KD patients without coronary artery lesion (CAL), with CAL, even with coronary artery aneurysm, had progressively lower FMD compared to healthy children (WMD = –3.82, 95% CI: –7.30– –0.34; WMD = –6.32, 95% CI: –7.60– –5.04; and WMD = –6.97, 95% CI: –7.99– –5.95, respectively). Compared to KD patients without CAL, those with CAL had lower FMD (WMD = –1.65, 95% CI: –2.92– –0.37). KD patients had higher levels of E-selectin, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 compared to healthy controls during different phases. KD patients had a higher level of VCAM-1 compared to healthy controls only during the acute phase (WMD = 61.62, 95% CI: 21.38–101.86). Conclusions: Endothelial dysfunction is present since the onset of KD and persists for years, confirmed by the measurement of FMD and biomarkers from different phases. An assumption is advanced that FMD impairment (the severity of endothelial dysfunction) may be positively correlated with CAL severity during the convalescence phase.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index Linked to In-Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: Zhai Guangyao , Wang Jianlong , Liu Yuyang , Zhou Yujie
Published: July 2022

Background: As an alternative method to evaluate insulin resistance (IR), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was shown to be related to the severity and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. The main aim of this study was to explore the association between TyG and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with heart disease. Method: The calculation method of TyG has been confirmed in previous report: Ln [fasting TGs (mg/dL) × FBG (mg/dL)/2]. All patients were divided into four different categories according to TyG quartiles. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of TyG. Result: 4839 critically ill patients with heart disease were involved. The overall mortality was 8.53 cases per 100 idviduals. In-hospital mortality increased as TyG quartiles increased (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 12.1 vs 5.3, p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for confounding variables, TyG was still independently associated with the increased risk of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with heart disease (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: OR (95% CI): 1.83 (1.27, 2.64), p < 0.001, P for trend <0.001). In the subgroup analysis, we failed to observe the association between increased TyG and the risk of mortality in patients complicated by diabetes. In addition, as TyG quartiles increased, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was prolonged (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: 2.3 (1.3, 4.9) vs 2.1 (1.3, 3.8), p = 0.007). And the significant interactions were not found in most subgroups. Conclusions: TyG was independently correlated with in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with heart disease.
The prospects for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields control approaches improvement under 5G wireless communication technologies introduction
Authors: Perov Sergey Yu. , Belaya Olga V. , Rubtsova Nina B.
Published: July 2022

5G mobile communication system networks improvement leads to scenarios for the use of electromagnetic energy in various sectors of the economy variety increase and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) person’ exposure with expansion of the exposed by occupational and non-occupational exposure contingent including. Base station EMF distinctive feature is its complex frequency-time and spatial dynamics with constant control signals that should be taken into account in modern EMF control methods. International practice in case of cellular base stations EMF assessment uses maximal values determination: theoretical and actual levels. EMF theoretical maximal values characterize base station operation mode under highest network load, highest data traffic and time-frequency radio channel resource full usage at the maximum permitted transmission power. Actual maximum EMF levels determination approach is base stations EMF evaluation alternative principle and is based on practically achievable maximum EMF emission, stochastic nature of base station signals with taking into account. The approaches to statistical assessment of actual maximum exposure levels are becoming a priority for international practice of base station EMF assessment and control due to adaptive antenna technologies in 5G cellular networks development. This approach to realistic EMF exposure assessment is fundamentally new for Russian practice and will require methodological updating of regulatory framework as well as comprehensive researches with network operators, including approaches to selective measurement results extrapolation for implementation. Ethics. The study did not require the ethics committee conclusion.
Negative emotional states and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in coal industry workers with occupational pathology
Authors: Danilov Igor P. , Vlakh Nadezhda I. , Pestereva Dina V. , Paneva Nataliya Ya. , Logunova Tatyana D.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Due to difficult working conditions, coal industry workers may develop negative emotional states that can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The relationship of negative emotions with the frequency of risk factors in coal industry workers has not been studied enough, while its early determination will allow the elaboration of preventive and psycho-corrective measures. The aim was to study the relationship of negative emotional states with the frequency of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in coal industry workers with occupational pathology. Materials and methods. Using the DS14 (negative affectivity, social suppression) and Spielberger-Khanin (personal anxiety, situational anxiety) questionnaires we examined 196 miners with occupational diseases (dust lung pathology, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, vibration disease). Results. We identified a high frequency of negative affectivity (44.7% of the subjects), social suppression (69%), personal anxiety (35%), and situational anxiety (20%); the relationship between negative emotional states and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases was determined. We revealed the relationship between negative emotional states and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, arterial hypertension, low physical activity, the presence of prolonged stress and severe perception of stress. A high level of personal anxiety is most closely related to the frequency of such risk factors as severe perception of stress, the presence of prolonged stress, arterial hypertension, and low physical activity. Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of 196 miners with occupational diseases, surveyed using the DS14 and Spielberger-Khanin questionnaires. Conclusions. A high level of negative emotional states, including personal anxiety, was revealed among coal industry workers with occupational diseases, which to the greatest extent determines the frequency of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathology. An early determination of the relationship between negative emotional states and the frequency of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in this group of workers will make it possible to create a program of preventive and psycho-corrective measures. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical principles of medical researches involving humans in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association of the latest revision.
Quality of Chemically Processed Flying Fish (Hyrundicthys oxycephalus) Waste Silage
Authors: Ambarwati L. , Andriani I. , Taufik T. , Marsudi M.
Published: July 2022

Flying fish are the fish that are widely found in the waters of the Makassar Strait, especially in Majene Regency. During the harvest season, flying fish leave a lot of waste that pollutes the environment. This research aimed to evaluate flying fish waste silage's physical and chemical qualities. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications groups. To process the sample, formic acid at concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% was used. Anova was applied for data analysis, followed by Duncan's test if the treatments differed significantly. Parameters observed were chemical quality, including crude protein and fat content, total bacteria count, and pH, while physical-chemical quality included aroma, color, and texture of flying fish waste silage. The results showed that the addition of formic acid to fly fish silage had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on protein, fat, pH, and total bacteria levels but had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the aroma, color, and texture of the hay. This research concludes that chemically processing flying fish silage with the addition of 2.5% formic acid can increase the protein content to the optimum level in the P1 treatment resulting in the highest protein content of 48.81% and the fat content of 1.63%, pH 3.5, total bacteria 4 x 104, sour taste, gray color and liquid texture that can be safely used as raw feed.
Macroclimate at Different Altitudes on Changes in Microclimates in a Closed House
Authors: Wahyuningrum H. , Mahfudz L. D. , Muryani R.
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to determine and analyze the effect of differences in altitude levels on the macroclimate and microclimate in a closed house. This research was carried out at a closed house in the lowland, medium land, and highland with a length of 120 m and a width of 12 m. Observed data were made for 28 days at three times. Parameters observed include temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation. Macroclimate contribution to the microclimate was calculated based on the relationship's strength using correlation analysis and forming a regression equation. The results showed that the gift of macroclimate components to microclimate conditions in the form of temperature and humidity was more significant in the cages in the lowland and highland. In contrast, the contribution to wind speed was minimal. The predictor of air humidity in a cage in the lowland during the brooding phase was influenced by temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation; during the finisher phase, the temperature and humidity in the cage in the lowland were influenced by temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. This study concluded that the contribution of macroclimate factors to microclimate conditions in the brooding phase is more significant in the cage in the lowland. In comparison, in the finisher phase, the contribution is more important in the lowland and medium land.
Chimps are evolving before our very eyes
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: July 2022

Scientists have found that rainforest chimpanzees were digging wells to find cleaner water.
Differential expression of RBM10 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding RNA-binding motif protein 10, RBM10, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. RBM10 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of RBM10 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal B subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. RBM10 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Active inference, epistemic value, and uncertainty in conceptual disorganization in first episode schizophrenia
Authors: LIMONGI ROBERTO , Silva Angelica , Mackinley Michael , Ford Sabrina D. , Palaniyappan Lena
Published: July 2022

Background and HypothesisActive inference has become an influential concept in psychopathology. We apply active inference to investigate language behaviour in first-episode schizophrenia. We conceptualize speech production as a decision-making process affected by the latent “conceptual organization” during the selection of words. We consider conceptual organization as a special case of uncertainty about the causes of sensory information. Uncertainty is minimized via speech production —in which functions words index conceptual organization in terms of analytic thinking— and tracked by a domain-general salience network. We hypothesize that analytic thinking depends on the conceptual organization state and that this state affects the effective connectivity within the salience network.Study DesignWith one-minute speech samples from a picture description task and resting state fMRI from 30 patients and 30 healthy subjects, we employed dynamic causal and probabilistic graphical models to investigate if the effective connectivity of the salience network underwrites conceptual organization. Study ResultsLow analytic thinking scores index low conceptual organization which affects diagnostic status. The influence of the anterior insula on the anterior cingulate cortex is elevated while the self-inhibition within the anterior cingulate cortex is reduced given low conceptual organization (i.e., conceptual disorganization). ConclusionsConceptual organization, a construct that explains formal thought disorder, can be modeled in an active inference framework and studied in relation to putative neural substrates of disrupted language in schizophrenia. This provides a critical advance to move away from rating scale scores to deeper constructs in the pursuit of the pathophysiology of formal thought disorder.