bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Badacz i jego perspektywy interpretacyjne w studiach nad dziejami nauki
Authors: Jeszke Jaromir
Published: June 2021

The Researcher and Their Interpretative Perspectives in the Studies on the History of Science A historian (also of medicine) should accept the values and canons of the studied culture, including medical ones, as their own. As Florian Znaniecki pointed out in his works, they should be the researcher’s highest authority. This means that the researcher should deviate from evaluating the ideas and practices of the studied culture from their own perspective. The category of minimal cultural imputation developed by Wojciech Wrzosek shows that it is not an easy process. However, the application of the subjective-rational perspective to the interpretation has already become an obvious approach. An open and much less obvious problem is the role of the historian of science when they venture to make comparisons between past and present scientific cultures. By doing so, do they still remain a historian, or – by undertaking such comparisons and evaluations – do they abandon the role, assuming the position of, for example, methodologist? The author of the article outlines the possibilities of separating these roles, presenting the attitude of a ‘methodologist’ who searches in the past for the roots and theoretical justifications for contemporary paradigms of their discipline, using the latter to evaluate the past. However, the possibility of a non-evaluative dialogue between the cognizing culture and the cognized culture is also shown, where the former also includes the specialist knowledge of a contemporary researcher interested in the past of their discipline. The historiography of a given science appears here as a record of the self-knowledge of a given generation of researchers – as their self-reflection. As Jan Pomorski calls it, a researcher assuming such a role appears as homo metahistoricus in their field of study.
Zasada ostrożności a klasyczne reguły decyzyjne
Authors: Malinowski Grzegorz M.
Published: June 2021

Zasada ostrożności (ZO) traktowana jest w literaturze przedmiotu jako reguła decyzyjna, która powinna być stosowana w sytuacjach charakteryzujących się niepewnością. Jednakże w ramach teorii decyzji już znacznie wcześniej wypracowano algorytmy postępowania w warunkach niepewności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest porównanie klasycznych reguł decyzyjnych z zasadą ostrożności i odpowiedź na pytanie: czy zasadę ostrożności można zredukować do którejś z klasycznych reguł. Okazuje się, że taka redukcja nie jest możliwa. Precautionary Principle vs Formal Decision: Making Criteria Precautionary principle (PP) is commonly understood as a criterion that should be used in decision-making under risk and/or uncertainty. Yet, long before the approval of PP in the literature – a set of concrete, formal criterions existed in the field of decision theory. Therefore the main goal of this paper is to compare these classical decision – rules with PP. This very comparison will bring us to answer the question: if PP may be reduced to any of the classical criterions? It will tur out that such a reduction cannot be done. Therefore PP has got its own specificity.
İdris Nebi UYSAL, XX.Yüzyıl Başlarında Çağatay Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Bir Tıp Metni Tabibçılık (Giriş – İnceleme-Metin- Dizin-Tıpkıbasım), İstanbul: Kesit Yayınları, 2020. 200 s.
Authors: Arıkan Sine Elif
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, Uysal’ın “XX.Yüzyıl Başlarında Çağatay Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Bir Tıp Metni Tabibçılık (Giriş – İnceleme-Metin- Dizin-Tıpkıbasım)” isimli kitabının incelemesini ve tanıtımını amaçlamaktadır.
El comportamiento digital en el sector cooperativista en tiempos de Covid-19 / Digital behavior in the cooperative sector in times of Covid-19
Authors: Paredes Acosta Iván Vicente , Pazmiño Chicaiza Richard Vinicio , Ortiz López Santiago Omar
Published: June 2021

La problemática de este estudio es el escaso análisis del comportamiento del cliente o socio digital cooperativista desde el enfoque financiero, sus necesidades, deseos y requerimientos. El objetivo principal es definir el comportamiento del cliente digital durante la pandemia en el sector cooperativista Tungurahua-Ecuador. En la metodología, al ser un estudio descriptivo exploratorio utiliza métodos como el histórico-lógico y el deductivo para la sustentación del estado del arte. Las muestras de esta investigación son: las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito que corresponden al segmento 2 y 228 socios potenciales de la ciudad de Ambato- Tungurahua a quienes se aplicó el instrumento de recolección de datos y se utiliza herramientas estadísticas para llegar a las conclusiones finales. En los resultados constan cuatro apartados que permiten caracterizar el comportamiento del socio cooperativista digital. Y como conclusiones, se evidencian que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito requieren establecer las necesidades y aspectos de consumo para enfocar las estrategias y acciones empresariales, lo cual apoya en su fidelización.
Protestas, Acción Colectiva y Ciudadanía: Tomo II de Rosa Ynés Alacio García y Jesús Alberto Rodríguez Alonso
Authors: Rodríguez Rosario
Published: June 2021

Reseña de Protestas, Acción Colectiva y Ciudadanía: Tomo II de Rosa Ynés Alacio García y Jesús Alberto Rodríguez Alonso
El contexto social de los habitantes de la comunidad el Toro del cantón Junín durante la pandemia por Covid-19 / The social context of the inhabitants of the community of El Toro in the Junín canton during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mera Giler Carolina Noemi , Cedeño Barreto Mercedes de los Ángeles
Published: June 2021

La pandemia del covid-19 en el contexto social ha afectado de manera significativa a la población, esto debido al gran impacto que se ha generado en todos los contextos donde se desenvuelve el individuo. Entre las problemáticas que se pueden destacar por su nivel de aumento está la desigualdad social, discriminación, exclusión, violencia, entre otras, siendo aquellas un motivo para que las personas tengan afectaciones en su bienestar y calidad de vida. En relación con lo mencionado, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el Covid-19 en el contexto social en la población El Toro del cantón Junín en la provincia de Manabí. Para este estudio se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo basado en los métodos exploratorio, descriptivo, analítico, empleando como técnica la encuesta dirigida a 255 familias del sitio Toro del cantón Junín. Los resultados obtenidos a través de la encuesta realizada por las autoras de esta investigación demostraron que debido a la pandemia la desigualdad, exclusión social y discriminación han tenido un aumento siendo las personas vulnerables las más afectadas. Se concluye que en el sitio el Toro, muchas familias han tenido afectaciones por las problemáticas antes mencionadas.
COVID-19 y Educación Superior. La mundialización de la educación en línea / COVID-19 and Higher Education. The globalization of e-learning
Authors: Bakhronova Dilrabo
Published: June 2021

Tras el cierre de universidades producto de las medidas para controlar la pandemia por COVID-19, los centros educativos no tuvieron otra opción que optar por la educación online. El presente artículo analiza elementos en común entre las dinámicas de comunicación y modalidad de enseñanza en Uzbekistán y España. Se muestra que las respuestas tecnológicas, plataformas utilizadas, así como el nivel de aceptación y exigencia son similares en las dos naciones. Se concluye que si bien existe un incremento de fuentes y acceso a al información, ésta no significa un mejor aprendizaje, además, se plantea la necesidad de un sistema mixto de cara al futuro y las necesidades del nuevo momento que plantea la pandemia y la post-pandemia alrededor del mundo.
Modern problems of law enforcement in the field of ensuring convicts’ personal safety
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Director of the Center for Educational Technologies, BAKULINA L.V. , KHALILOV R.N. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Director of the Center for Educational Technologies
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of security, including personal, which is of an intersectoral and interdisciplinary nature. The authors note that in the modern world this category is studied not only by legal science, which is not able to fully resolve the theoretical issue of legal security problems, but also by a set of other social sciences. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of law enforcement activities in the field of ensuring the security of those sentenced to imprisonment
İL ÖZEL İDARELERİNİN YEREL YÖNETİM SİSTEMİNDEKİ YERİ VE GELECEĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ALAN ÇALIŞMASI: BARTIN İL ÖZEL İDARESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜLER Erdal , ÖNDER Özgür
Published: June 2021

İl özel idarelerinin varlık gerekçeleri, görev ve yetkileri, 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı idare tarihinden günümüze tartışılmaktadır. 2012 yılında çıkarılan 6360 sayılı kanun, 30 büyükşehirde, il özel idarelerinin kaldırılmasını gerekli gördüğü gibi yerel yönetim sisteminde siyasal, yönetsel ve toplumsal değişiklikler getirmiştir. Bu yasa, büyükşehir modeli dışında kalan diğer illerde il özel idarelerinin geleceğini tartışmaya açmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, il özel idarelerinin kuruluş nedenleri ve gelecekteki konumu hakkında analiz yapmaktır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden mülakata dayalıdır. Araştırmanın örneklem birimi, il genel meclis üyeleridir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda il genel meclis üyelerinin, il özel idarelerinin geleceğine yönelik yaklaşımlarının mensup oldukları siyasal partilerin tutum ve davranışına göre değişebileceği ve “bütünşehir” modeliyle siyasi iktidarın yerelde merkezileşeceği bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.
Grape seed proanthocyanidins alleviate the negative effects of dietary cadmium on pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female x Epinephelus lanceolatus male)
Authors: Jia Ziyue , Tan Yuting , Liu Yuming , Cai Guohe , Chen Xuehao , Zhai Shaowei
Published: June 2021

The present study was conducted to evaluate whether grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) could alleviate the negative effects of dietary cadmium on growth performance, body composition, activities of digestive enzymes, and antioxidant potential in the intestine of pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female x Epinephelus lanceolatus male). Two hundred and forty pearl gentian groupers with the initial average body weight of 31.30±0.05 g/fish were randomly divided into four treatment groups with three replicates in each group and 20 fish in each replicate. The four treatment groups were identified as control group (the basal diet), Cd group (the basal diet+300 mg/kg Cd), Cd+GSPs group I (the basal diet+300 mg/kg Cd+400 mg/kg GSPs), and Cd+GSPs group II (the basal diet+300 mg/kg Cd+800 mg/kg GSPs group), respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. Fish exposed to 300 mg/kg dietary cadmium had lower growth performance, mineral metabolism disorders with lower calcium and phosphorus levels, higher ash level, decreased lipase and protease activities, and antioxidant potential in the intestine. Dietary GSPs supplementation could counteract those negative effects to a certain extent. The alleviation effects of Cd+GSPs group II were better than those of Cd+GSPs group I. Except for calcium and phosphorus levels in whole fish composition, 800 mg/kg dietary GSPs supplementation could not recover the adverse effects caused by Cd stress. These results suggested that GSPs might potentially mediate dietary cadmium toxicity and alleviate the negative effects on pearl gentian grouper.
REFLECTION OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MORDOVIANS AND THE CHUVASH IN ETHNOGRAPHIC LITERATURE
Authors: Alekseeva Nataliya Yu.
Published: June 2021

Peoples with a diverse ethnic composition represent a considerable interest in ethnographic research aimed at identifying the connections and commonalities between individual peoples. Here it is possible to trace the relationship between peoples, interpenetration of their cultures in different historical periods. The Middle Volga region, being one of the multi-ethnic and multicultural regions of our country, provides a unique opportunity to explore the processes of formation and development of inter-ethnic communications. In particular, current problems of modern ethnographic science include the study of interethnic interactions, the analysis of which will significantly expand understanding of peoples’ historical destinies, identify common and special features in their material and spiritual culture. Studying the cultural interrelations of the peoples living in our country is of significant interest for elucidating not only the history of each nation individually, but the processes of cultural mutual enrichment as well. Beyond that, it makes it possible to identify the origins of historically established friendship between peoples. Cultural interrelations between the Mordovian and the Chuvash have a long history. Archaeological and ethnographic data show that these connections, which enriched the material and spiritual culture of both peoples, had an ancient basis and created favorable conditions for the development of friendship between the peoples. Ethnographic studying the traditional culture of the Mordovians living in the territory of Chuvashia, we recorded parallels in the traditional culture of the peoples under consideration. There are no special works on this scope of issues. That is why we consider studying the common features in the material and spiritual culture of the Moravians and the Chuvash to be important for the subsequent in-depth study of their ethno-cultural interactions.
REVISITING THE FATE OF SIMBIRSK LIBRARY OF THE LITERARY CRITIC AND PUSHKINIST PAVEL VASILYEVICH ANNENKOV
Authors: Mankov Andrey V.
Published: June 2021

The name of Pavel Annenkov belongs to the cohort of those remarkable figures of the Russian culture of the past, who after 1917 were almost completely forgotten. Except for the volume of his «Literary Memoirs», which was reprinted in 1928 and which quickly became a bibliographic rarity, and his memoirs about his meeting with N. V. Gogol in Rome in 1841, Annenkov was usually mentioned only as one of the opponents of the democratic revolutionaries. Attempts to present an objective portrait of him were few, and their results became known only to a narrow circle of specialists. Nevertheless, Annenkov knew personally K. Marx, A.I. Herzen, I.S. Turgenev, N.V. Gogol, N.P. Ogarev, and V.G. Belinsky. For his works on Pushkin, in 1880 when establishing a monument to Alexander Pushkin in Moscow on his birthday on June 6, Moscow University elected Annenkov as its honorary member. The situation changed a hundred years later, when in the 1980s some of Annenkov’s literary and critical articles began to be reprinted, then his «Literary Memoirs», «Paris Letters», «Pushkin in the Alexander Era» and, finally, in 1984–1985, his famous «Materials for the Biography of Alexander Pushkin» were reprinted twice. Published in a large circulation, with detailed introductory articles and comments, these books not only expanded the modern reader’s understanding of the literary and social life of Russia and Western Europe for almost three quarters of the past century, but also presented a close-up portrait of its author. However, the return of P.V. Annenkov to modern culture, in particular, to regional history, cannot be considered entirely accomplished. The author examines individual pages of Simbirsk stage in the biography of the writer and the fate of his library. It is concluded that Annenkov’s contribution to the cultural development of Simbirsk Volga region is of great interest for researchers of the Russian history in our time.
THE REVOLUTIONARY ATTACK ON «FREEDOM OF EDUCATION», OR THE PROLETARIAN READING OF SOCIAL DISCIPLINES IN THE 1920s: FROM CONCEPTION TO IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Habibrahmanova Olga A.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the problems of the Soviet education formation in one of the most troubled periods of the Soviet history – in the 1920s. The features of the policy of the Soviet government in this direction are studied. Through the study of a number of steps taken by the Soviet government in the field of university curricula transformation, a general picture of large-scale changes in the entire educational system is given. The work focuses on social disciplines that became key ones in creating the Soviet educational system. On the example of the activities performed by two universities in the Volga region (the largest at that time) – Saratov State University and Kazan State University -the main reasons and principles of introducing new social disciplines are studied. What it involves first is Marxist-Leninist social disciplines, which are actively implanted by the new government in the educational programs of the country’s universities in general and the universities of the Middle Volga Region in particular. The process of building social institutions designed to accumulate the study of Marxist-Leninist disciplines in universities is shown. On the basis of examining the archival documents reflecting the activities of these universities, particular moments of history associated with the beginning of the introduction and teaching Marxist-Leninist disciplines were reconstructed. The emphasis is placed on studying the reflection of the higher-education teaching personnel and their individual representatives on the ongoing changes. Individual statements of university teachers, their speeches, articles, and their direct social practices became one of the main sources that made it possible to reconstruct the attitude of the university intelligentsia to the flooding of the educational process with Marxist-Leninist disciplines and to the transformation of their professional space as a whole. The paper also traces the methods of the university intelligentsia’s influencing the ongoing changes. The interconnection between the socio-cultural practices of university professors and lecturers and the results of social disciplines transformations is revealed. It is noted that the initial plans of the authorities were largely adjusted, largely under the influence of the higher-education teaching personnel. In general, the article defines the significance of socio-cultural practices of the university intelligentsia for the emerging Soviet educational system.
THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS IN IMPLEMENTING THE YOUTH POLICY IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC: 1990s – EARLY 2000s
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir S.
Published: June 2021

The experience of implementing the state youth policy on the scale of individual subjects of the country, which has its own regional specifics and ethno-confessional features, is of scientific interest. In this regard, the article examines individual pages of implementing the youth policy in the Chuvash Republic (ChR) in the 1990s – early 2000s on the basis of diverse sources and research literature. Separately, the author focuses on some aspects of educational work, creative self-realization of young people and student self-government. The article provides information on the state policy formation, which is reflected in the adoption of a number of laws and regulations governing its activities. It is noted that in order to directly implement the youth policy on the ground, state and municipal government bodies were created to address the issues of the younger generation. As a result, the Ministry of Education and Youth Policy of the Chuvash Republic became the main authority in this area of work, which became the legal successor of the Ministry of Education of the Chuvash Republic and the State Committee for Youth Affairs of the Republic. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that in the 1990s – early 2000s, the educational institutions of the republic developed an independent system of work with the student community, which was reflected in the emergence of student councils, trade union committees, clubs, scientific societies. Their main task was to organize leisure activities for young people in order to improve their intellectual and creative level. The developed set of measures in the form of state youth awards of Chuvashia, as well as scholarships for representatives of the youth and students of the Republic for special creative aspiration created conditions for the selection and further creative self-expression of talented young people.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PANCHAWALKALA KWATHA AND PANCHAWALKALA SHATADAUTA GHRITA
Authors: Ruvinika Wirajani Wadimuna Wadimuna Mudiyanselage Dharmasenage , Gunarathnage Upul Anuruddha Kumara  , W. L. A. Rajini Saroja Pushpakumari
Published: June 2021

Panchawalkala is one of the ideal herbal combinations in Ayurveda and it has therapeutic properties such as Vranaropana, Shothahara, Graahi and Visarpahara. And also researchers have been proven anthelmintic, antimicrobial, wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of these plants in combination and individual too. Ghrita (Ghee) is one of the oil preparation made by cow’s milk and it has Balavardhaka, Ojovardhaka, Vayasthapaka, Dhatuposhaka properties and is supreme in Snehana Dravyas. Panchawalkala is widely used in Kwatha and Powder form. Shatadauta Ghrita is the most famous form of the Ghee. The advantages of different innovative preparations are; increased shelf life, ready to use, better acceptability and ease of application. This study was planned to evaluate in-vitro antifungal activity of traditional Panchawalkala Kwatha and innovative Panchawalkala Shatadauta Ghrita (the Ghrita, hundreds times purified by Panchawalkala Kwatha). It was assessed by adopting agar diffusion method. Each agar plate was divided into four equal parts and was cultivated the Candida albicans. Replicator device was used to inoculate multiple specimens on to two parts of three series of plates with respective drugs. Further, responses of organism to the trial drugs were measured and compared with standard drug of Fluconazole (+ve control) and distilled water (-ve control) by using other two parts of the agar plates. All the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. According to the findings, Panchawalkala Shatadauta Ghrita has an antifungal effect than Panchawalkala Kwatha. Fluconazole is the best antifungal drug among these and distilled water does not have any antifungal action. Hence, it can be concluded that, Panchawalkala Shatadauta Ghrita has antifungal activity rather than Panchawalkala Kwatha but not effective than Fluconazole.
O processo de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Araújo Luís Fernando Ferreira , Progetti Claudia Bianchi , Santos Robson Alves dos
Published: June 2021

A pandemia da Covid-19 causou não apenas uma crise sanitária mundial, mas impactou fortemente diversos desdobramentos na sociedade. Na educação, milhares de estudantes foram afastados da escola, e o ensino remoto foi a alternativa para continuidade dos estudos. Este trabalho visa relatar os recursos metodológicos utilizados durante o período de isolamento social no novo formato imposto de aulas remotas. Por meio das aulas online estabeleceu-se um diálogo entre discurso escolar e não escolar, descobriu-se as aulas virtuais como espaço educativo, um grande desafio para todos os envolvidos, mas principalmente professores e estudantes. Os dados apresentados propiciam perceber, sentir e compreender como o ensino remoto pode ser útil para a reflexão crítica que permeia o campo da prática pedagógica. Espera–se que possam ser entendidos para integrá-los no âmbito escolar, como auxiliar para uma reflexão sobre a condição do estudante como leitor de informação e do conhecimento que esse meio possibilita.
Índice de citação: um estudo de caso sobre o periódico Ensino em Perspectivas
Authors: Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Neves Vanusa Nascimento Sabino
Published: June 2021

O artigo versa sobre o índice de citação do Google Scholar, adotado como critério principal a ser considerado avaliação para as revistas de humanidades no quadriênio 2017-2020. O objetivo foi analisar os principais artigos que impactaram no índice h5 da revista Ensino em Perspectivas (EnPe).  Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, que utilizou o perfil público da revista EnPe no Google Scholar como plataforma de coleta de dados.  Os resultados demonstraram que índices h5, em 10 de junho de 2021, é igual a 6, pois havia 9 artigos citados 6 ou mais vezes. As análises possibilitam inferir que por ser uma revista com apenas um ano e meio de existência seus índices no Google são relativamente bons, bem como que as temáticas mais citadas eram variadas, versando sobre formação de professor, gênero, inclusão, gestão pública, dentre outras.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PEMAKAIAN DRONE FIXED WING PADA PEMETAAN KEBUN DAN SENSUS POHON KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Siahaan Megawati , Tarigan Sri Murti , Ningsih Tuty , Simangunsong Sandy , Hikmawan Ridho
Published: June 2021

Drone is an unmanned aircraft (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), which is an electro-mechanical based system that can perform programmed missions, with the following characteristics: (i) unmanned, (ii) operating in fully or partially independent mode, (iii) ) This system is designed to be used repeatedly. The drone is equipped with a high-resolution camera that allows users to monitor a specific location from a height in real time. The use of mapping photos (Mapping Block) using drones is usually used to calculate the principal amount of oil palm trees. This research was using drone fixed wing tipe and was conducted in Tamiang Hulu District, Aceh Tamiang District Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. This research was conducted from 25-28 August 2020. This study used a descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the time used to prepare for the use of drones is 30 minutes, for taking aerial photographs and flying time for 25 minutes, combining photos using the Agisoft Photoscane software for 45 minutes, making way points and calculating the number of trees using the Arcgis application for 5 hours, making printout data for 60 minutes, so that the total time for all work is 7 hours 40 minutes for 53.53 hectares, assuming the cost per hectare is Rp.8,583, if with a manual census the time needed is 72 hours, with average costs -average Rp. 56,374, - / ha. Conclution of this research by using drones will be more effective and efficient than manual tree census.
‘When Rescuers become Refoulers: Closing Kenya’s Refugee Camps amid Terrorism Threats’ and leaving vulnerable groups out in the cold
Authors: Khamala Charles A
Published: June 2021

Kenya’s counter-terrorism measures, following entry into Somalia, relocated refugees to designated camps. However, by violating a refugee’s freedom of movement, mass relocation contravenes the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR). Regional jurisprudence informed the Kenyan High Court’s Kituo cha Sheria v Attorney General decision holding that mass refugee relocation is indeed refoulement. It necessarily discriminates, punishes disproportionately, and may amount to a ‘failure to protect’ refugees against torture, a crime against humanity. However, the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugees Convention) merely prohibits hosts from returning escapees to countries where they are targeted for persecution. Conversely, refugees who are either reasonably regarded as threatening national security or reasonably suspected of serious crimes are deemed to ‘waive’ their non-refoulement right. Nonetheless, the court’s legal moralism insisted that states should prove ‘waiver’ and never torture refugees. Invoking an ‘individual criminality’ principle required proof of a refugee’s dangerousness. Suspects can furthermore not be condemned unheard. Therefore, establishing whether ‘mass waiver’ is possible, is problematic. Are blanket relocation directives justifiable simply because proving ‘reasonable belief’ of refugees committing terror acts or serious crimes are difficult? Although Samow Mumin Mohamed v Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Interior Security and Co-Ordination condoned mass refugee relocation Refugee Consortium of Kenya v Attorney did not. Curiously, to clarify the ambiguity Kenya National Commission on Human Rights v Attorney Genera elevated the required standard of proof for ‘waiver’ under the Refugees Convention to one of ‘beyond reasonable doubt.’ Previously, in Coalition for Reform and Democracy (CORD) v Republic of Kenya legislative caps on refugee numbers were rejected. Subsequently, a new Refugee Bill (2019) proposes to legalise confining refugees to designated camps. This article applies common-law principles of the duty on rescuers to evaluate whether mass refugee relocation refoules.
Insecurity and economic marginalisation in Marsabit County
Authors: Nyuguto Muthoni
Published: June 2021

Ten years after the inauguration of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the communities of Marsabit County are still living on the periphery of society. They remain systemically excluded from the nation’s mainstream social, political, economic, and cultural activities. Communities living within the North Frontier Districts (as it was known then) and within the Counties of Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, Isiolo and Marsabit are still considered ‘hostile tribes’ by the ruling elite since colonialisation and are treated as such. The colonial government enforced this isolation by enacting a series of Ordinances between the years 1901 to 1933 that systemically isolated and marginalised communities from this geographical area. The Ordinances largely criminalised the community’s main economic activity of pastoralism by allowing arbitral seizure and detainment as well as collective punishment for offences of members of the community. This negative and suspicious perception, systemic exclusion by the laws and policies, condensed economic activities limited to pastoralism, political under-representation, poverty, distance and inaccessibility have exacerbated the marginalisation of the communities living within Marsabit to date. Unfortunately, independence did not liberate these communities within the Northern Frontier Districts from systemic exclusion. They were still treated as a ‘special group’ within the context of section 19 of the Kenya Independence Order in Council. This section provides for the modification, qualifications and exceptions of laws and policies to be applied in respect of these communities. The state felt there was a need to subject these communities to screening, profiling, and overregulation in these areas in comparison to the rest of the nation. State institutions were further unable and unwilling to penetrate these areas. The application of different laws to these communities was carried forward during the post-independence where the Presidency was granted the power to govern these communities by decree. Despite the goodwill of the Constitution 2010 to reduce the levels of marginalisation within this county, there is a need to carry out a case study to assess whether the current legal, political, social and economic frameworks have reduced marginalisation within Marsabit which has been for a long time an ungoverned territory.
Desarrollo silvícola de Hidalgo y Puebla en el contexto del Programa Estratégico Forestal para México 2025
Authors: Ceballos-Perez Sergio Gabriel
Published: June 2021

El territorio mexicano se caracteriza por su gran riqueza natural, se encuentra dentro del grupo de los 12 países más megadiversos. En el norte y parte del centro del país se localizan las zonas áridas y semiáridas, donde se ubican los matorrales xerófilos, pastizales y bosques espinosos; en las planicies costeras y secas del Pacífico, centro del golfo de México y noroeste de Yucatán se encuentran los bosques tropicales secos y semisecos; en las zonas más húmedas inferiores a los 900 metros sobre el nivel del mar se ubican los bosques tropicales perennifolios, y a mayores altitudes los bosques de niebla; en las sierras se encuentran los bosques de encinos y coníferas (Sarukhan, 2012).
Arap Gramerinde Ümmü’l-Bâb Kavramı ve Felsefesi
Authors: SEVDİ Ali
Published: June 2021

Bu makalenin amacı Arap gramerinde ümmü’l-bâb kavramı ve felsefesini incelemektir. Çalışma, kavramsal çerçeve, Arap gramerinde ümmü’l-bâb ve felsefesi, ümmü’l-bâb olan kelimeler ve özellikleri gibi başlıklardan oluşmaktadır. Ümmü’l-bâb kavramı, Arap gramerinde dikkat çeken kavramlarından biri olmasına rağmen üzerine çok çalışma yapılmamış, daha çok klasik eserlerde geçen bir kavramdır. Bu kavram, bazı temel noktalarda aynı çatı ve bâb altında benzerleriyle ortak bir paydada buluşan ve kendisine has bazı özelliklerle onlardan ayrışan kelimeleri ifade etmektedir. Özellikle Arap kelâmında çok kullanılmaları ve benzerlerine göre tasarruf alanlarının daha geniş ve kapsayıcı olması onların temel özelliklerindendir. Benzerlerinin sahip olmadığı özelliklere sahip olmaları ve kendi bâbında en önemli öge ve merkezi konuma sahip olmaları, onların Ümmü’l-bâb olarak isimlendirilmesinin mantığını oluşturmaktadır.
Tazminat Hukuku Çerçevesinde Tesebbüben Sorumlulukta İlliyet Bağının Kesilmesi: Kuyu Örneği
Authors: KAĞIT Feyzullah
Published: June 2021

Ölümle sonuçlanan cinayetler kasıt, hata ya da tesebbüb ile öldürme şeklinde çeşitli taksimlere tabi tutulmuşlardır. Bu cinayetlerin her birinin de kendi içinde muhtelif şekilleri ve birbirlerinden farklı hükümleri bulunmuştur. Tesebbüb yoluyla öldürme, diğerlerine nispetle daha hafif görülmüş, buna bağlı olarak cezası da daha düşük takdir edilmiş, hatta yerine göre ceza sorumluluğunun tamamen düştüğü de ifade edilmiştir. Zira diğer öldürme çeşitlerinde doğrudan tasarruf bulunurken tesebbüb yoluyla öldürmede neticeye dolaylı yoldan tesir söz konusu olmaktadır. Biz bu makalede tazminat hukuku çerçevesinde tesebbüben gerçekleşen bir ölüm hâdisesini Hanefî mezhebi özelinde inceleyeceğiz. Örnek olarak, umûmî bir yolda kazılan kuyuya düşen kimsenin belli bir müddet sonra farklı gerekçelerden ötürü o kuyuda ölmesi halinde bu ölümden kimin sorumlu tutulması gerektiği meselesini ele alacağımız bu çalışmamız, tesebbüben gerçekleşen cinâyetlerde imamların perspektifleri ve yöntemleri hakkında da genel bir fikir sunacaktır. İmam Ebû Hanîfe (ö. 150/767), İmam Ebû Yûsuf (ö. 182/798) ve İmam Muhammed’in (ö. 189/805) birbirinden farklı görüş beyan ettikleri bu meselede ortaya koydukları gerekçeler, sonradan gelen Hanefî fakihlerin nakilleri ve değerlendirmeleriyle birlikte ele alınacaktır.
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS
Authors: Boateng Alex , Bennoah Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series.

Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis.

Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate.

Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7
Finkey Ferenc, a kálvinista büntetőjogász
Authors: Domokos Andrea
Published: June 2021

There is a strong Calvinist spirit in the professional work of all our Reformed Church criminal lawyers. Educating offenders, involving them in work, helping prisoners, helping and protecting those at risk played a primary role in their response to crime. Finkey’s approach was in harmony with this tradition. He was convinced that without the involvement of the society, without the active help of the churches, there would be no effective crime prevention. He emphasized the importance of education, arguing that education is necessary not only for juvenile offenders but also for the adults. Following the North American “reformatory school”, he called for establishing correctional institutions in Hungary, as many as possible.
A büntetéstan alternatív irányai?
Authors: Hautzinger Zoltán
Published: June 2021

The field of investigation of penology, the concept of criminal penalty as well as its general and specific goals and content have not changed despite drafting and formulating more and more types of criminal penalties in the penal/criminal codes over the past several decades. Regardless of the aforementioned, penology these days must have specific responses to situations – whether it is justified to extend the sphere of criminal penalties to penalties in case of which the goal of imposing penalty can be achieved in other ways, or whether it is necessary to apply the traditional penal measures to facts or perpetrators, in case of whom applying other measures can be more efficient in order to achieve either the protection of society or general prevention. This study is aimed at finding answers to these questions.
An Overview of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemicals, and Pharmacological Activities of Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)
Authors: Wulandari Thasa Muthia , Chandra Boy , Zulharmita Zulharmita , Rivai Harrizul
Published: June 2021

Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) is one of the herbs that the community has widely known. This plant is easy to come by and has excellent benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain information about phytochemicals and their pharmacological effects. Information search is done by literature studies in primary data or official book forms and international journals through trusted websites such as Mendeley, Scopus, ScienceDirect, NCBI, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Pubmed. The results showed tempuyung has phytochemical compounds, especially flavonoids and derivatives such as kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin. This compound is isolated from the leaves of tempuyung by various extraction methods. Pharmacologically, this plant has been reported to have antibacterial and antiviral, diuretic, kidney stones, antihistamine, antihypertensive, and antihyperuricemia. Thus, tempuyung can be used as an ingredient for traditional medicine, and further research needs to be done to isolate medicinal compounds from tempuyung.
AVRUPA BÖLGESİ ÜLKELERİNİN ENERJİ KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN BULANIK KÜMELEME YÖNTEMLERİ ile ANALİZİ
Authors: SEL Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Enerji kaynakları ve kullanımı her zaman ülkelerin göz ardı edemeyeceği bir konu olmuştur. Çalışmada enerji kullanımları açısından en yüksek ikinci değere sahip olan Avrupa Bölgesi ülkeleri bulanık kümeleme yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Veriler Avrupa Bölgesi içerisinde yer alan ülkelerin 1990-2017 yılları arasındaki Dünya Bankası veri tabanında bulunan 13 adet enerji verisinden oluşmaktadır. Uygulamada R programlama dilinde bulanık kümeleme yöntemleri, küme geçerlilik indeksleri ve görselleştirme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bulanık kümeleme sonuçları üç ana küme altında toplanacak şekilde elde edilmiştir. Kümeler enerji kullanımı düzeyine göre yüksek, orta ve düşük olacak şekilde belirlenmiştir. Yüksek düzey enerji kullananlar ülkeler Almanya, Fransa, İngiltere, İtalya, İspanya şeklindedir. Polonya, Türkiye ve Ukrayna orta düzey enerji kullanan ülkeler arasındadır. Diğer ülkeler ise düşük düzey enerji kullanımı kümesindedir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların, enerji politikalarına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Automatic Irrigation System Using Soil Moisture Sensor with GSM Model
Authors: Desai Abhijeet , Chavan Suraj , Bandichode Karan , Shinde Prof. Prachiti
Published: June 2021

Bike or Car security is top priority of all concerned. Today there are plenty of car or bike security products to ensure your security completely. Security is a prime concern in our day-today life. Everyone wants to be as much secure as possible. Bike security is the most significant one for every owner. For that different security systems are available.
Many times we hear the cases of bikes getting stolen from parking area. Or sometimes we forgot to remove the keys from bike by mistake. In these cases it is really difficult to get the bike back. This project is designed to solve this purpose. Main concept behind this project is of a bike security system using a password entered through Android mobile. This project turns on a Buzzer when entered password is wrong. An access control for bike forms a vital link in a security chain. The microcontroller based bike locker is an access control system that allows only authorized persons to access the bike
Dog Breed Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: B Suyash , P Rishikesh , W Rohit , J Kaustubh , Bodhke Prof. Balaji
Published: June 2021

Dogs are one of the most common domestic animals. Due to a large number of dogs, there are several issues such as population control, decreased outbreak such as Rabies, vaccination control, and legal ownership. At present, there are over 180 dog breeds. Each dog breed has specific characteristics and health conditions. In order to provide appropriate treatments and training, it is essential to identify individuals and their breeds. Machine learning gives the strength on the way to train algorithms model that can handle the difficulties of info classification also prediction grounded on totally on arising information as of raw information. Convolutional Neural Networks ( CNNs ) gives single often used methods for image classification and detection. In this exertion , we define a CNN based approach for spotting dogs in perchance complex images and due to this fact reflect inconsideration on the identification of the one of kinds of dog breed. The experimental outcome analysis supported the standard metrics and thus the graphical representation confirms that the algorithm ( CNN ) gives good analysis accuracy for all the tested datasets.
Fuzzy Logic Control Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Aruna R. , Balaraman Dr. Sujatha
Published: June 2021

Variable speed operation and direct drive wind turbines are the modern developments in the technology of Wind energy conversion system (WECS). WECS comprises a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) driven by a wind turbine, a generator side AC/DC rectifier, boost converter and a grid-side DC/AC converter and grid. The wind turbine converts part of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy which intern is converted into electrical energy via the generator. Since the generator output frequency is variable depends on the wind conditions, the FLC based MPPT is used to extract the maximum possible output power by controlling the generator speed. In this, the grid connected wind energy conversion system is considered. Wind turbine, PMSG model and FLC algorithm were simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the mechanical and electrical characteristics such as rotor speed, torque, induced voltage and current have been observed for various wind speeds. Also the DC link voltage has been measured with IGBT based controlled rectifier mode to stabilize the output frequency. From the simulation results, FLC based MPPT method has proven that it can extracted the maximum output power for the varying wind speed conditions.
Design and Performance Analysis of Active and Passive Cell Balancing for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors:   Dept of Electronics and Communication, RV College of Engineering, India., Udupa T S Rakshak , K Holla Shashank ,   Dept of Electronics and Communication, RV College of Engineering, India., B S Kariyappa ,   Dept of Electronics and Communication, RV College of Engineering, India.
Published: June 2021

Electric Vehicles (EV) are growing areas of research since the demand for clean transportation is ever-increasing. Batteries form an integral part of EVs. Battery Management systems (BMS) need to support many features, including charge balancing to improve battery life and longevity. Among passive cell balancing and active cell balancing, the latter provides better battery life and efficiency. Among different active and passive cell balancing techniques, popular techniques like Flyback transformer-based active cell balancing and switched capacitor-based active cell balancing are used. These methods are not only easy to implement but also provide good performance. These balancing circuits are integrated with non-ideal RC models of a lithium-ion battery. The bleed resistor-based passive cell balancing took more than 16000 seconds to reach a 0.01V difference for capacitors with 5F capacitance, whereas the switched capacitor design is estimated to take 500 seconds. The multi-winding flyback active cell balancing system reached a 2% difference in SOC in 1800 seconds. There was a visible increase in time taken for balancing the cells using multi-winding active cell balancing as the cell temperature increased. A 2.32% increase in the time taken for balancing the cells was observed when cell temperature increased from 293K to 313K.
Orchestrating a stateful application using Operator
Authors:   RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India., Nayak Deekshith , Ravish Aradhya Dr. H. V. ,   RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.
Published: June 2021

Containerization is a leading technological advancement in cloud-native developments. Virtualization isolates the running processes at the bare metal level but containerization isolates the processes at the operating system level. Virtualization encapsulates all the new virtual instances with a new operating system but containerization encapsulates the software only with its dependencies. Containerization avoids the problem of dependency missing between different operating systems and their distributions. The concept of containerization is old but the development of open-source tools like Docker, Kubernetes, and Openshift accelerated the adaption of this technology. Docker builds container images and Openshift or Kubernetes is an Orchestrating tool. For stateful applications, Kubernetes workload resources are not a better option to orchestrate the application, as each resource has its own identity. In such cases, the operator can be built to manage the entire life cycle of resources in the Kubernetes cluster. Operator combines human operational knowledge into software code in a systematic way. The paper discusses the default control mechanism in Kubernetes and then it explains the procedure to build the operator to orchestrate the stateful application.